bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon budget assessment of an irrigated wheat and maize rotation cropland with high groundwater table in the North China Plain
Authors: Zhang Quan , Lei Hui-Min , Yang Da-Wen , Xiong Lihua , Fang Beijing
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Carbon sequestration of cropland has the potential to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions. To understand such sequestration of an irrigated wheat-maize rotation cropland with high groundwater table in the North China Plain, the carbon budget and its components are estimated with a comprehensive field experiment by combining eddy covariance technique, soil respiration experiment differentiating heterotrophic and below-ground autotrophic respirations, and biometric measurements in a relatively wet year from October 2010 to October 2011. In the experimental period of a whole winter-wheat and summer-maize cycle, the Net Ecosystem Exchange, Gross Primary Productivity, Ecosystem Respiration, soil heterotrophic respiration, below-ground autotrophic respiration and above-ground autotrophic respiration are −437.9, 1078.2, 640.4, 376.8, 135.5 and 128.0 gC m−2, respectively for wheat season, and are −238.8, 779.7, 540.8, 292.2, 115.4 and 133.2 gC m−2, respectively for maize season. The experiment allows for estimations of Net Primary Productivity, Net Ecosystem Productivity and Net Biome Productivity. The Net Biome Productivity are 58.8 and 3.9 gC m−2 for wheat and maize season, indicating that wheat is a carbon sink and maize is close to carbon neutral. However, compensated by the net ecosystem carbon release in two rotation periods, Net Biome Productivity of the whole wheat-maize rotation cycle is 12.8 gC m−2 yr−1 in the experimental year, indicating this cropland remains a weak carbon sink under the specific climatic conditions and field conditions with a high groundwater table. The cropland has a higher ecosystem carbon use efficiency (CUE) than other terrestrial ecosystems, indicating that the agro-ecosystem is more efficient in harvesting CO2 from the atmosphere. This irrigated wheat-maize rotation cropland with high groundwater table has higher CUE than other croplands, implying that the cropland management of full irrigation and fertilization promotes carbon accumulation in crops.
New anthropogenic land use estimates for the Holocene; HYDE 3.2
Authors: Klein Goldewijk Kees , Beusen Arthur , Doelman Jonathan , Stehfest Elke
Published: December 2016

Abstract. This paper presents an update and expansion of the History Database of the Global Environment (HYDE, v 3.2.000). HYDE is and internally consistent combination of updated historical population estimates and enhanced allocation algorithms with weighting maps for land use which are time-dependent. Categories include cropland, with a new distinction into irrigated and rain fed crops (other than rice) and irrigated and rain fed rice. Also grazing lands are provided, divided into more intensively used pasture and less intensively used rangeland. Population is represented by maps of total, urban, rural population and population density as well as built-up area. The period covered is 10 000 BCE to 2015 CE. We estimate that global population increased from 4.4 million people in 10 000 BCE to 7310 million in 2015 CE, resulting in a global population density increase of
Terrestrial ecosystem process model Biome-BGCMuSo v4.0: summary of improvements and new modeling possibilities
Authors: Hidy Dóra , Barcza Zoltán , Marjanović Hrvoje , Ostrogović Sever Maša Zorana , Dobor Laura , Gelybó Györgyi , Fodor Nándor , Pintér Krisztina , Churkina Galina , Running Steven , Thornton Peter , Bellocchi Gianni , Haszpra László , Horváth Ferenc , Suyker Andrew , Nagy Zoltán
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The process-based biogeochemical model Biome-BGC was enhanced to improve its ability to simulate carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles of various terrestrial ecosystems under contrasting management activities. Biome-BGC version 4.1.1 was used as a base model. Improvements included addition of new modules such as the multilayer soil module, implementation of processes related to soil moisture and nitrogen balance, soil-moisture-related plant senescence, and phenological development. Vegetation management modules with annually varying options were also implemented to simulate management practices of grasslands (mowing, grazing), croplands (ploughing, fertilizer application, planting, harvesting), and forests (thinning). New carbon and nitrogen pools have been defined to simulate yield and soft stem development of herbaceous ecosystems. The model version containing all developments is referred to as Biome-BGCMuSo (Biome-BGC with multilayer soil module; in this paper, Biome-BGCMuSo v4.0 is documented). Case studies on a managed forest, cropland, and grassland are presented to demonstrate the effect of model developments on the simulation of plant growth as well as on carbon and water balance.
Effects of wheat stubble on runoff, infiltration, and erosion of farmland in the Loess Plateau, China subjected to simulated rainfall
Authors: Wang Linhua , Ma Bo , Wu Faqi
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Soil and water losses in agriculture are major environmental problems worldwide, especially on the Loess Plateau, China. Summer fallow management may help to control soil erosion and conserve water. This study investigated the effects of wheat stubble on runoff, infiltration, and soil loss in laboratory plots under simulated rainfall. The treatments comprised wheat stubble cover (WS) and traditional plowing (TP) in runoff plots (4.0 m × 1.0 m) with three slope gradients (5°, 10°, and 15°) under simulated rainfall at 80 mm h−1 for 1 h. The runoff volume from WS plots was significantly less than that from TP. The runoff reduction with WS ranged from 91.92–92.83 % compared with TP. The runoff rates varied with the runoff volume in the same manner. Under WS, sediment losses (2.41–3.78 g m−2) were reduced dramatically compared with TP (304.31–731.23 g m−2). The sediment concentration was also significantly lower with WS than TP. The infiltration amount was higher with WS (94.8–96.2 % of rainwater infiltrated) than TP (35.4–57.1 %). Thus, stubble cover can help to control erosion and conserve soil and water resources.
Paying the Pied Piper: An Examination of Internet Service Provider Liability for Third Party Speech
Authors: Brenner Joseph E.
Published: December 2016

No invention since the telephone has had as great an impact on the way society communicates as the internet. Through the internet more than two billion people explore new worlds, go to places they never could have imagined, attain knowledge otherwise unavailable, and communicate with people otherwise unreachable.  However, opening new channels of communication is just the beginning of the potential capabilities of the internet.
Reviving Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing in the U.S.
Authors: Farah Emily M.
Published: December 2016

Nuclear power generation is responsible for fifteen percent of the world’s electricity, and since the beginning of the century additional nuclear reactors have appeared on the global grid in places other than the United States and Europe. Currently, sixty one nuclear reactors are under construction, and three-quarters of those are located in four countries: China, India, South Korea, and Russia. China aims to quadruple its nuclear power capacity by 2020. The United Arab Emirates entered into a 20 billion dollar contract with a South Korean consortium to build four nuclear reactors expected to be operational in 2017. Nuclear power creates radioactive waste with a half-life that spans thousands of years. If nations could reduce the radioactivity and volume, and thus the potential harmfulness, of nuclear waste by recycling spent nuclear fuel, would they take this opportunity? In the United States, the answer is no. In France, however, the answer is yes. The purpose of this paper is not to advocate for or condemn the use of nuclear technology.
La transversalidad de las salvaguardias en los esquemas financieros de “REDD+” en el marco de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas para el Cambio Climático
Authors: Andrade Escarabay María Belén
Published: December 2016

El mecanismo de mitigación para el cambio climático, REDD+, representa una se las estrategias financieras que utiliza el pago por servicios ambientales para reducción de emisiones de carbono. Nacida dentro de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas para el Cambio Climático, REDD+ ha sido diseñada para contribuir a la reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a la atmósfera a causa de la deforestación y degradación de los bosques, en los países en vías de desarrollo con importantes masas forestales. Para fortalecer el mecanismo se han creado salvaguardas, que, aplicadas al mecanismo, tendrán la función de precautelar los derechos de las poblaciones que habitan y hacen uso de los bosques, reconocidos por los ordenamientos internos de los países, así como a escala internacional. El diseño del mecanismo REDD+ contempla los métodos financieros para su funcionamiento. Fuentes y distribución de los recursos. El presente trabajo explica cómo las salvaguardas son empleadas en dichos esquemas de financiación con el fin de que los derechos estén garantizados en todos los componentes de REDD+.
Régimen de Responsabilidad y Mecanismos Jurídicos para la reparación del daño ambiental
Authors: Leyva Morote Juan Fernando
Published: December 2016

Los daños ambientales es un mal común hoy en día, a los cuales el Derecho Ambiental debe hacer frente. Para ello el ordenamiento jurídico cuenta con una herramienta fundamental, y es el régimen de responsabilidad ambiental. Dicho régimen se encuentra constituido por: El sistema clásico de responsabilidad, que lo conforma las jurisdicciones civil, administrativa y penal. Este sistema aplica para los daños ambientales que de manera transversal afecten los derechos personales y patrimoniales. Y por otro lado se encuentra el sistema de responsabilidad ambiental establecido por la Ley de Responsabilidad Medioambiental, relativa a todo lo concerniente con los daños ecológicos puros.
El seguro ambiental y la responsabilidad por daños al medioambiente en Argentina
Authors: Saguerela Silvina Giselle
Published: December 2016

La incorporación del paradigma ambiental, como base para el logro de un desarrollo sustentable, ha impulsado la necesidad de avanzar en la implementación de instrumentos económicos que fomenten una adecuada protección al medio ambiente. En este marco, los seguros ambientales se han desarrollado paulatinamente como instrumentos de internalización del coste ambiental al mismo tiempo que suponen una garantía a la recomposición de daños al entorno. En el caso de Argentina, pese a haber sido establecido con carácter obligatorio, su regulación presenta inconvenientes que lo vuelven ineficaz para el cumplimiento de los objetivos ambientales. La presente investigación desarrolla un análisis del seguro ambiental, con el objeto de elaborar propuestas tendientes a una mejor instrumentación del régimen asegurador.
Government Expenditure and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Leye Sherifdeen Oyediran, , Ibrahim Sanni, , Lukman Adedoyin, , Michael Oyewole Olabode
Published: December 2016

The need to better the lots of citizens through government expenditure has raised questions on the impact of government expenditure on the economic development and growth of nations. It is against this background that this paper examined the antecedent effect of government spending on the Nigerian economic growth. The general objective of the study is to ascertain the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria; specifically, the study examined: (i) the significance influence of government capital expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria and (ii) the significance influence of government recurrent expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria. The study employed ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression analysis in estimating the specified model, with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the dependent variable, while Capital Expenditure (CAPEXP) and Recurrent Expenditure (REXP) are the independent variables. Data between 1980 – 2013 were collected from secondary sources through the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Results showed that in Nigeria, there exist a significant relationship between the government expenditure and economic growth. The study therefore recommends instilling fiscal discipline in government expenditures, and putting in place structural mechanisms to act as surveillance on capital spending so as to boost the nation’s human and social capital.
Supply Chain Management Maturity: A Comprehensive Framework Proposal from Literature Review and Case Studies
Authors: Frederico Guilherme
Published: December 2016

Supply chains have an important role in the competition on the current market. The understanding of maturity and its dimensions in terms of supply chain management – SCM can lead companies to better levels of performance. This paper aims to present findings on supply chain management maturity showing a theoretical model developed from the literature review and its application on three case studies. A systematic approach was used to the literature review. Due to the lack in the literature related to the purpose of this paper a long period was considered for the search of references linked to maturity of supply chain management. The approaches for SCM maturity proposed on the literature suggest different e common dimensions which drive a maturity of SCM. These dimensions can be consolidated in eleven key-dimensions of maturity for SCM. Also, it is possible to verify that as the maturity of SCM evolves to an advanced level more integrated and capable a supply chain becomes. The application of this theoretical model through case studies could confirm the framework proposed and generated new directions of research. The theoretical model was applied in three case studies from different segment of industry and with different level of maturity. A qualitative approach was more adequate for this initial step aligned with this exploratory purpose. More qualitative and quantitative studies need to be done to obtain more evidences from the field and from other different segment of industry. This theoretical model is unique taking into consideration that it was developed from various perspectives of maturity proposed on the literature. This same structure can be applied in more field researches seeking better understandings about maturity of SCM. Also, it can be used by practitioners with the purpose to get a better view of SCM maturity dimensions and allow establishing new directions in terms of supply chain decisions.
Estimation of Postharvest Quality of “Red Delicious” Apple Fruits Based on Fruit Nutrient Elements Composition
Authors: Doryanizadeh Mahshid , Ghasemnezhad Mahmood , Sabouri Atefeh
Published: December 2016

Fruit nutrient elements content during harvest could considerably effect on postharvest life of apples. In this study, apple fruits cultivar Red Delicious were harvested at the commercial maturity stage at 20 commercial orchards. Fruits were divided into three groups according to peel color; dark red, medium and light red. The mineral elements nutrient content such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium and their ratios were measured in the harvested fruits. Thereafter, fruits were places in the cold storage at 0 °C and relative humidity of 90% for 4 months. The characteristics such as fruits weight loss, firmness, TSS, dry matter, total anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, respiration rate and ethylene production were measured at the end of storage. The results showed a positive significant correlation between fruit firmness at the end of storage time with N+K:Ca, K+Mg:Ca, K:Ca and Mg:Ca ratios. Furthermore, a negative significant correlation was found between total anthocyanin with Nitrogen content, Mg:Ca and N:Ca ratios. The results also showed a positive significant correlation between fruit respiration rate and Nitrogen, N+K:Ca and N:Ca ratios. The analysis of regression based on mean values of three red apple groups showed a significant negative correlation between total anthocyanin with fruit ethylene production at the storage time and Mg:Ca ratio. The relationship between these two variables and Anthocyanin was expressed by the equation of regression: Anthocyanin = 100.22–1.651 Ethylene–43.963 Mg:Ca. Overall, the results confirm that measurement of fruit mineral composition during harvest time could be a strategy for predicting postharvest behaviors of apple fruits at the cold storage. Also the results showed that a relationship between mineral nutrient composition and the characteristics such as firmness, anthocyanin, respiratory rate in apple fruits.
Isolation, Characterization and Selection of Bacteria that Promote Plant Growth in Grapevines (Vitis sp.)
Authors: Biasolo Gislaine Aparecida Denardi , Kucmanski Daniel Antonio , Salamoni Sabrina Pinto , Gardin João Peterson Pereira , Minotto Elisandra , Baratto Cesar Milton
Published: December 2016

Certain bacteria can promote and stimulate plant growth, increasing the production of biomass and reducing damage caused by phytopathogens. With that in mind, this research effort set out to select these plant growth-promoting bacteria in order to evaluate their effects on the growth of grapevines (Vitis sp.). The bacteria were isolated from several vineyard soil samples, and evaluated based on their production of IAA (Indole-3-Acetic Acid), siderophores and cellulase, as well as their phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation capabilities. In vivo testing included six separate treatments with the following bacterial isolates: C12, O7, B3, I3, a control group and a blended group. The tests were performed in a greenhouse with bacterial suspension inoculation placed around the roots of Paulsen 1103 rootstock cuttings. The data collected included the following: number of leaves per plant, branch lengths, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry mass, and Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulfur concentrations. Forty-six separate bacteria were isolated, of which 100% produced IAA, 65.21% produced siderophores, 63.04% solubilized phosphate, 34.78% produced cellulase, and 30.43% showed nitrogen fixation. The in vivo testing also revealed significant increases in the length of the branch and in percentages of Carbon and Nitrogen. The C12 isolate exhibited the highest increase in branch length (76.704 cm), whereas the O7 and C12 were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus thuringiensis, respectively.
Combining Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Nisin to Preserve Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Han Dong , Han Inyee , Dawson Paul
Published: December 2016

Preservation effects of modified atmosphere package combined with nisin on fresh Atlantic salmon were evaluated. Farm-raised Atlantic salmon were purchased from the local market and packaged using either 19 % CO2: 70 % N2 : 11 % O2 , 38 % CO2 : 51 % N2 : 11 % O2, and under atmospheric air (with and without nisin at 400 IU/g) resulting in a total of 6 treatments. The microbiological (aerobic plate count, psychrotrophic bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria) and the total volatile basic nitrogen analyses were evaluated on Day 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10. Package headspace and sensory evaluation were also conducted on Day 0, 2 and 4. The presence of CO2 effectively inhibited the growth of all three types of bacteria while nisin significantly inhibited the growth of aerobic microorganisms with less impact on lactic acid bacteria. The TVB-N test indicated that CO2 delayed the spoilage of Atlantic salmon while nisin had a lesser but measurable impact on Atlantic salmon shelf-life. The experiments support the potential for combining modified atmosphere package and nisin as an effective method to limit the spoilage of Atlantic salmon compare to traditional preservation methods.
Stability of Mexican Oregano Essential Oil Double Emulsions Obtained by Ultrasound Formulated With Whey Protein Concentrate and Tween 80
Authors: Peredo-Luna Areli H. , Lopez-Malo Aurelio , Palou Enrique , Jimenez-Munguia Maria Teresa
Published: December 2016

Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions have a great potential use for food applications because they can protect sensitive compounds, such as essential oils. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ultrasonic homogenization parameters: intensity (42 or 54 µm) and time (5 or 7.5 min); and formulation: oil phase proportion (20 or 30%) and emulsifier concentration (0 or 0.3%); on the physical and stability properties of Mexican oregano essential oil (OEO) in double emulsions. The emulsions were made in a two-step process, primary emulsions (W/O) containing OEO in the oil phase and ascorbic acid solution in the water phase, were stabilized with lecithin; while secondary emulsions were stabilized with 6% (w/w) of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and with or without Tween 80 (T80). Creaming, viscosity and droplet size distribution were measured to determine the stability of the W/O/W emulsions; as well as other physical properties like density and pH. The prepared W/O/W emulsions had droplet sizes between 2.89(±0.589) µm and 4.123(±0.964) µm. The most stable emulsions, with no creaming developed after 25 days of storage, were the ones formulated with WPC with T80, and additionally, 30% of the primary emulsion. Besides, higher intensity and longer time of ultrasonic homogenization conditions applied enhances W/O/W stability. Empirical models were developed for viscosity and creaming properties of W/O/W emulsions, with 99.7% of correlation coefficients, finding optimum values for specific homogenization conditions and formulation. Further studies are suggested to evaluate OEO in W/O/W emulsions as controlled release systems in food.
Socio-economic Potential of Rainwater Harvesting in Ethiopia
Authors: Mourad Khaldoon A. , Yimer Sadame Mohammed
Published: December 2016

Clean water scarcity becomes a critical issue in many parts of Ethiopia due to the high population growth, water pollution and climate change. The high annual rainfall rates make rainwater harvesting one of the best options to mitigate water scarcity. This study was conducted to analyze the economic feasibility of water harvesting for individual houses in Dessie-town. The results show that the harvested water from a 60 m2 roof can cover all non-potable water needs or can cultivate a small garden, 50 m2, with some needed crops. Cultivating tomatoes and onions can increase the annual household’s income by 5 %.
Detection and copy number estimation of the transgenic nucleotide sequences in an unknown GM event of Oryza sativa
Authors: Sajjad Ali M. , Bashir Tanzeela , Saeed Shaina , Ahmad Emmad
Published: December 2016

The present study was designed to establish a qualitative detection method based on conventional and real time PCR assay to screen the commonly grown rice varieties for the presence of the cry1Ac gene. The detection of genetically modified rice in the screening process would necessitate accurate assay development and precise qualitative PCR tests complying with established procedures for the detection and characterization of transgenes in food grains. Such assay would not only enable the monitoring of transgene flow in local agricultural environment but also the characterization of different plant species produced with this transgene and its regulatory components. Thus, a reliable and quick screening assay was established for the qualitative detection of the transgene along with the promoter and selectable marker gene in genetically modified rice. By conventional PCR, a fragment of 215 bp was amplified with gene specific primers of cry1Ac. Primers for other transgenes such as gna and bar were also employed; however, no amplification was detected. The presence of the p35s, sps, and nptII genes was confirmed by qualitative real-time PCR. The specificity of the respective PCR products was checked through melt peak curve analysis. Sharp and precise melting temperatures indicated the presence of a single kind of PCR product in correspondence to each of the primers used. Moreover, the copy number of cry1Ac was estimated by ∆∆CT method. It is proposed that the primer sets and experimental conditions used in this study will be sufficient to meet the requirements for molecular detection and characterization of the cry1Ac transgene and affiliated sequences in sorting out conventional rice varieties from the ones which are genetically modified. It will also help to monitor the ecological flow of these transgenes and other biosafety factors.
The effects of soil conditions and crop types on diversity of weed communities
Authors: Ługowska Maria , Pawlonka Zbigniew , Skrzyczyńska Janina
Published: December 2016

The paper presents the diversity of weed communities growing in different crops (winter cereals, spring cereals, and tuber plants) and in diverse soil conditions. To determine weed diversity, phytosociological relevés were made. Simpson’s index of dominance and the Shannon index of biodiversity for weed communities in different crops growing in different soil conditions were calculated and compared. The highest values of the Shannon index and the lowest values of Simspon’s index of dominance were obtained for weed communities noted on compacted and semi-compacted soil with the following granulometric composition: silty loam with underlying sand at a depth of 100 cm, heavy silty sandy loam, silt with underlying sand at a depth of 50 cm, and silt with underlying sand at a depth of 100 cm. The highest index of dominance and low species diversity were determined for weed communities in light soils. The Shannon index of biodiversity was moderately positively correlated with soil pH and granulometric composition. Simpson’s index of dominance was moderately negatively correlated with granulometric composition and was weakly correlated with soil pH.
The effect of interspecies interactions and water deficit on spring barley and red clover biomass accumulation at successive growth stages
Authors: Jastrzębska Magdalena , Kostrzewska Marta K. , Wanic Maria , Treder Kinga , Makowski Przemysław
Published: December 2016

A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Olsztyn, Poland, in the period 2010–2012. The aim of the study was to examine whether soil water deficit would change biomass volume and distribution of pure sown spring barley and red clover as well as growth rate during their joint vegetation and mutual interactions. The interactions between spring barley and red clover were of a competitive character, and the cereal was the stronger crop. The strength of this competition increased in time with the growing season. Through most of the growing season, the competition was poorer in water deficit conditions.

The impact of clover on barley before the heading stage showed facilitation symptoms. Interspecific competition reduced the rate of barley biomass accumulation and decreased stem and leaf biomass towards the end of the growing season. Intensified translocation of assimilates from the vegetative parts to grain minimized the decrease in spike biomass.

Water deficit stress had a more inhibitory effect on the biomass and growth rate of barley than competition, and competition did not exacerbate the adverse influence of water deficit stress on barley. Competition from barley significantly reduced the biomass and biomass accumulation rate of clover. Water deficit stress did not exacerbate barley’s competitive effect on clover, but it strongly inhibited the growth of aboveground biomass in pure-sown clover.
Diverse influence of nanoparticles on plant growth with a particular emphasis on crop plants
Authors: Milewska-Hendel Anna , Gawecki Robert , Zubko Maciej , Stróż Danuta , Kurczyńska Ewa
Published: December 2016

The article describes the current knowledge about the impact of nanoparticles on plant development with a particular emphasis on crop plants. Nanotechnology is an intensively developing field of science. This is due to the enormous hopes that have been placed on the achievements of nanotechnology in various areas of life. Increasingly, it has been noted that apart from the future benefits of nanotechnology in our everyday life, nanoparticles (NPs) may also have adverse effects that have not been sufficiently explored and understood. Most analyses to date have been focused on the influence of nanomaterials on the physiological processes primarily in animals, humans and bacteria. Although our knowledge about the influence of NPs on the development of plants is considerably smaller, the current views are presented below. Such knowledge is extremely important since NPs can enter the food chain, which may have an influence on human health.
Ilustrações na pesquisa histórica – experiências com fontes inquisitoriais
Authors: Rangel Felipe Augusto Barreto
Published: December 2016

Atento à diversidade de usos das fontes históricas, este artigo enfoca algumas experiências de pesquisa que tivemos com fontes inquisitoriais, especialmente no que concerne à produção de ilustrações em aquarela. Por meio da narrativa de um caso de sacrilégio presente nas documentações produzidas pelo Santo Ofício português, ocorrido no Recôncavo da Bahia, no início do século XVIII, nosso objetivo é refletir sobre o referido caso, por intermédio da construção de imagens sobre tal. Analisamos esses experimentos, tratando-os enquanto uma linguagem diferenciada a ser utilizada no bojo da construção do conhecimento histórico. Vale dizer que não temos a pretensão de teorizá-las exaustivamente a partir das discussões do campo da história da arte e semiótica, por exemplo. Nossa intenção é contribuir com os debates acerca da produção e utilização de imagens na pesquisa histórica, partindo da particularidade de nossas experiências. Estaremos amparados principalmente pelas perspectivas indiciárias – Carlo Ginzburg (1989; 2006) – e de análise e compreensão de imagens – Martine Joly (1996) –, atentos à importância do cuidado com os detalhes (indícios) presentes nas documentações geradas no âmbito das repressões religiosas.
“Espaço de experiência” e “horizonte de expectativas”: relações de poder na colônia de ingleses no sul da província do Espírito Santo no Oitocentos
Authors: Prado Solange Faria
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo expor a ideia sobre a relação entre história e tempo por meio das categorias meta-históricas “espaço de experiência” e “horizonte de expectativas” desenvolvidas pelo historiador alemão Reinhart Koselleck. A partir dessas categorias, tentaremos analisar e apreender as relações de poder desenvolvidas na região sul da província do Espírito Santo, especificamente no vale do rio Iconha/Piúma, local de instalação da colônia de ingleses cujo mentor foi Thomaz Dutton Junior na segunda metade do Oitocentos.
Negro & Quilombola: a identidade étnica em questão na comunidade remanescente de quilombos de Caiana dos Crioulos-PB
Authors: Lima Hezrom Vieira Costa
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo visa analisar como ocorre o processo de construção da identidade de quilombola em uma comunidade remanescente de quilombos paraibana, a comunidade de Caiana dos Crioulos. Nossa principal motivação foi buscar compreender como ocorreu o processo de transformação identitária, por parte dos moradores da comunidade, a partir do momento que ela foi reconhecida como uma legítima CRQs. Nesse contexto algumas questões buscaram ser compreendidas. O que poderia ser considerado  um quilombola? O que o diferencia de um “não-quilombola”? Essa nova identidade ressignifica a identidade étnica e racial de ser negro? Essa comunidade foi aceita pelos moradores? Para a realização da pesquisa, foram selecionadas cinco moradoras, de idade e vivências diferenciadas, para traçar um panorama inter-geracional sobre o que é ser quilombola em Caiana dos Crioulos. Dessa forma, o presente artigo busca contribuir para a historiografia sobre as comunidades quilombolas brasileiras, bem como dialogar com as discussões acerca da questão étnica e racial.
Ressignificação dos Produtos Notáveis Utilizando Material Concreto
Authors: Ventura Angélica Rodrigues , Laudares João Bosco
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar atividades para ressignificar os produtos notáveis, tendo como sujeitos os alunos do nono ano do ensino fundamental, por meio da utilização de materiais concretos com representação geométrica. Dessa maneira, pretende-se estudar um mesmo conteúdo matemático com diversas linguagens, fazendo a transição da linguagem geométrica para a linguagem algébrica, explorando conhecimentos de área de superfícies planas e volumes de sólidos. As atividades foram elaboradas seguindo parâmetros  da sequência didática. Foram analisadas as abordagens relativas ao conteúdo de produtos notáveis, objeto da pesquisa, no ensino fundamental, nos livros didáticos e nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. O trabalho tem como referência o estudo de vários pesquisadores na área de Educação Matemática que exploram o uso de material concreto nos processos de ensino aprendizagem, tais como Lorenzato (2006a, 2006b), D’Ambrosio (2007), Nacarato (2005), Matos e Serrazina (1996). Com a análise dessas atividades, foi possível perceber que o material concreto proposto auxiliou na percepção geométrica dos produtos notáveis, em atividades desenvolvidas pelos estudantes.
Formação de Professores dos Anos Iniciais e o Ensino de Matemática: Mapeamento de algumas Produções Brasileiras
Authors: Matos Diego De Vargas , Lara Isabel Cristina Machado de
Published: December 2016

Este artigo apresenta um mapeamento teórico das produções brasileiras que versam sobre a formação de professores dos anos iniciais e o ensino de Matemática, objetivando caracterizar o estudo da arte sobre esse tema. Para tanto, buscou-se, no Banco de Teses da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), dissertações e teses produzidas no período compreendido entre 2010 e 2014. Foram identificadas 29 produções para cada uma das expressões exatas “Formação de Professores; anos iniciais; Matemática; Pedagogia” e “Formação de Professores; séries iniciais; Matemática”. Por meio da leitura minuciosa dos resumos, foram selecionadas seis produções para leitura integral e análise de possíveis convergências e divergências entre elas. A leitura integral permitiu identificar objetivos, fatores instigadores, referencial teórico adotado, procedimentos metodológicos, sujeitos de pesquisa, instrumentos de coleta de dados e principais resultados obtidos das seis produções elencadas. A partir da análise, o trabalho destaca que as produções convergem teórica e metodologicamente, apontando como autores mais utilizados Curi, Saviani e Tardif. Além disso, evidencia que as produções salientam que há pouca instrumentalização nos cursos de Pedagogia acerca de conteúdos matemáticos que seus egressos deverão ensinar nos anos iniciais devido, em grande parte, à insuficiente carga horária destinada às disciplinas voltadas ao ensino de Matemática nesses cursos.
Plasmodium Falciparum Infection: In Silico Preliminary Studies
Authors: Gomes Andréia Patricia , Moreira Brenda Silveira Valles , Dias Felipe José Dutra , Inoue Victor Hiroshi Bastos , Franco Gabriel Vita Silva , Gomes Daniela De Souza , Oliveira Alcione De Paiva , Cerqueira Fabio Ribeiro , Miguel Paulo Sérgio Balbino , Santana Luiz Alberto , Geller Mauro , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo
Published: December 2016

Malaria is an infectious disease of great impact in terms of public health, given the number of people affected and subjected to the risk of illness. Protozoa of the genus Plasmodium cause it and five species can infect humans: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium knowlesi; the first is able to produce the most severe cases of the disease. Despite its clinical and epidemiological relevance and investigations in development – targeted at different aspects of the interaction between humans and Plasmodium protozoa of the genus – there remains many questions about different aspects of the malaria pathophysiology. To study such gaps, interdisciplinary strategies can be pursed, which involve biology, medicine an computer science, as part of the trial in silico. Such approach provides agility, low cost and does not imply ethical issues that permeate the experiments in vitro and in vivo. Based on these considerations, this article presents preliminary results of a computational model of the interaction between P. falciparum and erythrocytes, implemented in AutoSimmune system. The results obtained show that the system is able to simulate the host cells infection process by protozoan with similarities with the biological reality. 
Análise da paisagem das mulheres viajantes no Brasil durante o século XIX / Landscape analysis of women travelers in Brazil during the nineteenth century
Authors: De Oliveira Natália Maria , Castro José Flávio Morais
Published: December 2016

As técnicas de pesquisa observação e descrição são fundamentais aos estudos geográficas. A análise da paisagem, natural ou cultural, sobretudo histórica, depende de registros documentais capazes de descrevê-la com riqueza de detalhes. Os relatos de mulheres viajantes do século XIX são compreendidos como importantes documentos históricos à análise da paisagem e da organização social do período. Compreende-se a literatura de viagem, principalmente para o viés humanista-cultural da Geografia, instrumento de análise de aspectos físicos, sociais e culturais. Realiza-se nesta pesquisa um levantamento bibliográfico dos relatos de viagem de mulheres viajantes estrangeiras que estiveram no Brasil durante o século XIX, alem do estudo de caso sobre as contribuições para a análise da paisagem contidas no diário de viagem “Uma Parisiense no Brasil”. Por fim, a análise espacial das informações obtidas a partir deste relato, de autoria de Adèle Toussaint-Samson, apresenta uma das possibilidades de resultado de pesquisas que utilizem relatos de mulheres viajantes estrangeiras do século XIX.

Palavras-chave: Observação; Descrição; Mulheres Viajantes; Século XIX; Literatura.

 

Abstract

Observation and description are fundamental research techniques to geographical studies. The Analisys of landscape, natural or cultural, especially historical, depends on documental records that are able to describe it in great detail. The traveling women reports from the nineteenth century are important historical documents to analyze the landscape and social organization of the period. Travel literature is, especially to the humanistic and cultural bias of Geography, an instrument of analysis for physical, social and cultural aspects. This research carried out a bibliographical survey on foreing traveling women who visited Brazil during the nineteenth century. A case study on the travel diary “A Parisian in Brasil” by Adèle Toussaint-Samson was made, emphasizing its contribuitions to landscape analysis. Finally, the spatial analysis of the information from this report presents one of the possible results for researches using reports of foreign women travelers of the nineteenth century.

 

Keyword: Observation, Description, Traveling Women, Nineteenth Century, Literature
Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Serafimovska Velika Stojkova , Wilson Dave , Tatarčevska Ivona Opetčeska
Published: December 2016

In this article we examine the way local, national, and regional politics affect the policies and practices of “intangible cultural heritage” (ICH)—a notion derived from the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage—in two detailed case studies from the Republic of Macedonia. While our conclusions are particular to our case studies, we hope that researchers in other national settings will find them useful for describing and analysing their own situations. We begin with a discussion of heritagization and recontextualization, which are inherent in ICH safeguarding processes. Next, we provide background on the external contestation of a distinct Macedonian ethnic and national identity, and the ways that UNESCO ICH safeguarding processes have been perceived and applied in Macedonia. Against that backdrop, we then describe and analyse two contrasting cases of ICH—the social dance “Kopackata” and the Galicnik Wedding—both of which illustrate how the cultural heritage concept itself can sometimes be used for national, commercial, and political ends.
Multiple Authenticities in Motion: Styles and Stances in Sikh Sabad Kīrtan
Authors: Kaur Inderjit N.
Published: December 2016

In ethnomusicology and related fields, an encounter in fieldwork with discourses of authenticity is an alert to issues of representation and the need to take the reach of one's conceptualization and analysis beyond the authorizing voices of a limited number of stakeholders. Unfortunately, this has not been the case for recent scholarship on the musical aspects of Sikh sabad kīrtan (sung sacred poetry). In this article I argue that bringing in multiple voices of listeners and musicians enables both a better understanding of this devotional practice as well as an expanded and dynamic conceptualization of authenticity.
Computer Sound Analysis of Traditional Music of Transcaucasia and Central Asia
Authors: Yunusova Violetta , Kharuto Alexander
Published: December 2016

This article deals with two examples of a large number of computer-assisted investigations of Central Asian and Caucasian traditional music conducted over a twenty-year period at the Moscow P. I. Tchaikovsky Conservatory. The main objectives of these investigations have included: (1) analysis of sound spectrum structure and timbre; (2) melody extraction and the subsequent analysis of its pitches and intervals; and (3) analysis of performing style. Today, the study of performance style is common in both modern musicology and ethnomusicology. In oral traditions, performance style and individual interpretation are of primary importance because they form the final product. Usually, descriptions of performance of traditional music contain some colourful but inexact terms that try to portray the style of performance, the timbral palette, and the pitches and intervals. A properly designed computer programme, on the other hand, can provide accurate and exact measurements and indications of basic features of the sound.
Spiraling to Redefine (Dis)Ability: A Case Study in Summer Music Programming for Children
Authors: Wrazen Louise
Published: December 2016

The sounds of percussion, guitar, singing, and clapping guide us from the heat of the summer pavement of the parking lot to the cool shade of the trees in the garden. Parents, staff, children, youth—we all gather here first thing in the morning. Some children immediately sit on the ground in front of the musicians, others navigate their canes or walkers to find a seat on a chair or bench or find a good spot for their wheelchairs. Some parents linger. The singing continues as everyone gathers and joins in with voices, clapping, and percussion to participate in the familiar “The boat goes down to the river, it takes me to my home …” This was our place of arrival at Spiral Garden.
Influence et rayonnement international d’Adrien Arcand
Authors: Théorêt Hugues
Published: December 2016

Depuis une dizaine d’années, Adrien Arcand a fait l’objet de divers ouvrages sur ses écrits fascistes et antisémites et son mouvement qui a attiré quelques centaines d’adeptes au Québec au cours des années 1930. Peu de choses ont été écrites au sujet de son influence et son rayonnement international. Dans les années 1930, Adrien Arcand s’est forgé une solide réputation parmi les chantres de l’antisémitisme dans le monde en participant activement à la diffusion des Protocoles des Sages de Sion, et en publiant La Clé du Mystère, une brochure hautement antisémite qui vise à prouver l’authenticité des Protocoles des Sages de Sion. Arrêté en 1940, puis emprisonné durant toute la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Adrien Arcand recouvre la liberté en 1945. Il continue de correspondre avec les têtes de pont de l’antisémitisme dans le monde : Henry Hamilton Beamish, Arnold Spencer Leese, sir Barry Domville, Gerald Hamilton, Robert Edmundson et Henry Coston jusqu’à sa mort en 1967. Son plus illustre admirateur, le négationniste germano-canadien Ernst Zündel, qui a été libéré en mars 2010 après avoir purgé une peine de sept ans de prison en Allemagne pour avoir nié l’existence de l’Holocauste, voyait Arcand comme son mentor.
La contribution des conservateurs à la longue survie des organisations fascistes d’Adrien Arcand. Un élément d’explication
Authors: Tremblay Jonathan
Published: December 2016

De 1929 jusqu’à sa mort en 1967, Adrien Arcand assume la direction de l’Ordre patriotique des goglus (1929-1934), du Parti national social-chrétien (1934-1938) et du Parti de l’Unité nationale du Canada (1938-1940, 1947-1958, 1965-1967). Pendant ce temps, il publie plusieurs journaux, dont Le Goglu (1929-1933), Le Miroir (1929-1933), Le Chameau (1930-1932), Le Patriote (1933-1938), Le Fasciste canadien (1935-1938), Le Combat national (1938-1939), L’Unité nationale (1953-1958) et Serviam (1965-2001). Pour financer ses médias et ses mouvements politiques constamment déficitaires, Arcand se comporte comme un véritable mercenaire en rendant deux sortes de services aux conservateurs qui consentent à lui verser des subsides. Il leur offre en tout premier lieu ses talents d’éditorialiste en soutenant constamment leur politique dans ses journaux. Il demande, en second lieu, à ses disciples fascistes de militer en faveur de leur parti politique lors des campagnes électorales. C’est en concluant ce genre d’accords avec les principaux ténors du Parti conservateur du Canada et de l’Union nationale qu’Adrien Arcand a pu mener en toute impunité sa campagne antisémite et fasciste pendant plus de trente ans.
L’Église catholique québécoise face à l’antisémitisme des années 19301
Authors: Dumas Alexandre
Published: December 2016

Beaucoup d’attention a été donnée aux écrits antisémites des intellectuels catholiques canadiens-français. De Lionel Groulx au Devoir en passant par Jeune-Canada, les années 1930 présentent un contenu particulièrement riche pour qui s’intéresse à la question de l’antisémitisme dans le Québec catholique et les travaux sur cette période se sont multipliés. Bien que le catholicisme ait souvent été identifié comme un moteur de l’antisémitisme, on ne s’est pas encore arrêté sur le rôle de l’Église catholique comme institution. Cet article porte sur le regard de l’Église catholique sur l’antisémitisme et sur ses manifestations, plus particulièrement sur son rapport au Parti national social-chrétien d’Adrien Arcand. L’Église a-t-elle encouragé l’antisémitisme de ses fidèles, l’a-t-elle condamné ou était-elle au contraire passive sur la question ? Les évêques eux-mêmes nourrissaient-ils des préjugés, voire une certaine appréhension à l’endroit des Juifs ? Les archives récemment ouvertes des archevêchés de Québec et de Montréal permettent de démontrer qu’à défaut d’avoir tendu la main à la communauté juive et appelé ses fidèles à l’ouverture et à la compréhension, l’Église nourrissait une méfiance certaine à l’endroit du parti d’Arcand et goûtait peu son discours violent à l’endroit des Juifs. C’est ce qui sera démontré par un retour sur le débat sur les écoles juives de 1930, la relation entre l’Église québécoise et le Parti national social-chrétien et le discours antisémite de quelques prêtres du diocèse de Québec.
« Maîtres chez eux ». La grève des internes de 1934 revisitée
Authors: Robinson Ira
Published: December 2016

La grève des internes à l’Hôpital Notre-Dame en 1934, menée en réaction à la présence d’un médecin juif, le Dr Samuel Rabinovitch, est un des événements les plus iconiques dans l’histoire de l’antisémitisme au Québec. Cet article reprend les sources en archives et les commentaires des journaux de l’époque pour arriver à une meilleure compréhension des événements. De multiples points de vue sont examinés, ceux de la communauté juive, des « autorités » canadiennes-françaises (à l’hôpital, à l’Université de Montréal et au sein de l’Église catholique), de la population canadienne-française en général et du Canada anglophone.