bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microcefalia asociada a infección congénita por Zika
Authors: Mansilla Rosas Sandra Patricia , Varón Pérez John Edgar
Published: September 2020

El virus del Zika fue el responsable en Colombia de la segunda epidemia más grande del continente después de Brasil durante el período 2015-2017. Con 100.000 casos reportados, 19.963 gestantes infectadas y 248 casos de niños nacidos con microcefalia, la epidemia fue declarada como finalizada en el país en 2016. Es el causal del Síndrome Congénito por Zika (scz), sospechado por primera vez en Río de Janeiro donde se estableció la relación entre la infección por Zika en gestantes y el aumento en la incidencia de microcefalias. Posteriormente se plantearía toda una serie de alteraciones congénitas en el feto a nivel neurológico, sensorial y osteomuscular confirmando así el efecto teratogénico del virus. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de cuatro meses y veinte días de edad que procede del área rural de Ibagué y que acude al programa madre canguro de la Unidad Materno Infantil del Tolima (umit); presenta diagnóstico de microcefalia asociada a neuroinfección congénita por Zika con prueba confirmatoria rt-pcr de la madre por parte del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Presenta hallazgos imagenológicos, físicos y clínicos como un perímetro cefálico que persiste por debajo de -3sd, trastorno del tono y un Retardo en el Desarrollo Psicomotor (rdpm) severo con una edad neurológica de tres meses persistente en todos los controles. Atrofia cortical, microcalcificaciones periventriculares y gangliobasales, y ventriculomegalia. Se trata del primero de veintiún pacientes con sospecha clínica y confirmación con hallazgos similares a los presentados en la literatura. La importancia de la detección de estos casos radica en el riesgo neurológico que se presenta por el compromiso motor, cognitivo y sensorial. También en la diferenciación con las secuelas neurológicas por torch y de alteraciones cromosómicas.
ON APPROXIMATION OF SUM OF CONVERGENT SERIES
Authors: Paudyal Daya Ram , Mishra Lakshmi Narayan
Published: September 2020

The paper has given a clear opinion on the progress of environmental protection and sustainability in the Nigerian context. The environmental regulations scenario in the country is marred by malpractices and corruption more stringent policy enforcement will help in the achievement of environmental protection.  This paper deals with a specialized method of approximating the sum of an infinite series containing positive terms which are monotonically decreasing. The analysis has been done by taking some references done by the great mathematician Leonhard Euler with some special examples. Consequently, we have established a relation to estimate the sum of convergent infinite series
O conhecimento dos estudantes de Ciências Contábeis acerca do Código de Ética
Authors: Cunha Karina Silveira da , Casagrande Maria Denize Henrique , Soares Sandro Vieira , Góis Alan Diógenes
Published: September 2020

O Código de Ética Profissional do Contador (CEPC) objetiva fixar a forma pela qual os contadores devem seguir no exercício da profissão e com relação à classe, e o conhecimento de seu teor é um dos componentes do Exame de Suficiência do Conselho Federal de Contabilidade. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo principal verificar qual o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes do Curso de Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, acerca do CEPC. A pesquisa quantitativa foi realizada por meio de um levantamento que se baseou em questões presentes nos Exames de Suficiência do Conselho Federal de Contabilidade. Participaram da pesquisa 101 estudantes matriculados na 2ª e na 4ª fases do Curso. Os resultados apontaram que a média de acertos de alunos que já cursaram a disciplina (Ética e Filosofia Política) é, estatisticamente, maior que de alunos que ainda não cursaram a disciplina. A mediana do número de acertos de alunos que já cursaram a disciplina é o dobro dos indicados por alunos que ainda não cursaram. Tais resultados sustentam a conclusão de que cursar a disciplina impacta, positivamente, o desempenho das questões sobre ética. No entanto, a análise do desempenho dos dois grupos, por questão, revelou que a proporção de acertos dos alunos que já cursaram a disciplina é, estatisticamente, maior dos que não cursaram em apenas 5 das 18 questões analisadas. Tais resultados, à luz do teor das questões em que houve melhora do desempenho, sustentam a conclusão que cursar a disciplina impacta, positivamente, o desempenho em um número restrito e pequeno de questões.
Nostalgia Cinematográfica
Authors: Mastantuono Laura
Published: September 2020

Globalmente las esferas sociales y culturales atraviesan una crisis que involucra una multiplicidad de variables. Ante la inestabilidad social, y la modificación continua de las herramientas para la producción de contenidos de las diversas áreas culturales, se observa una mirada nostálgica sobre la realización y cierta tendencia al revisionismo histórico. En el diseño y comunicación audiovisual, la inestabilidad discursiva y formal dan lugar a una búsqueda artística hacia lo analógico y estudios sobre la importancia del archivo audiovisual y el found footage; axiomáticamente se entiende éste criterio como un accionar seguro sobre lo conocido, y un intento de comprender de manera objetiva el pasado.
Preconceptions of the Ideal: Ethnic and Physical Diversity Fashion
Authors: Werner Thomas
Published: September 2020

As we see a rise in the conversation regarding diversity across social media, the fashion industry is simultaneously driving a discourse around inclusion and the preconceived ideas of the “ideal” and body diversity. What has been a predominantly Western European and American response will be examined via current advertising campaigns and runway shows hosted by established fashion companies, (e.g. Gucci, Max Mara, Bottega Veneta, Aerie, Rio Uribe, and others) providing context for the socio-cultural evolution within the fashion industry.
Changing the Rules of the Game: Sustainable Product Service Systems and Manufacturing in the Fashion Industry
Authors: Palomo-Lovinsk Noël , Faerm Steven
Published: September 2020

The fashion industry is based on a bygone era in which time is linear and place is specific. This lack of relevancy results in global apparel production that is increasingly inefficient and destructive. The harmful practices of fashion manufacturing industry are no longer permissible in an age that has the knowledge capacity and technological innovations to avoid environmental damage and human inequalities. The deleterious manufacturing practices performed in developing countries contribute to the industry being under continued scrutiny, yet intensifying expectations for fast-paced delivery are at the root of these harmful practices. There is a tacit acknowledgement among fashion industry pundits that historical examples of manufacturing and commerce in the United States do not meet the demands of a society accustomed to instant access, constant change, and low prices. These slower and more traditional models of manufacturing and commerce will increasingly impede profitability in the contemporary marketplace as environmental and social issues continue.

Thus, the fashion industry is in a state flux. Simultaneously, it must decrease destructive practices within the life cycle of clothing while remaining financially sustainable. This binary relationship elicits key questions that can help direct the industry toward a better future. What are the possibilities of domestic apparel manufacturing that utilizes innovative production methods, communication technology, and service systems that, in turn, encourage holistic, sustainable practices? What are the possibilities for and needs of designers who want to take full advantage of an evolving relationship between consumers and designers? In this study, particular attention is paid to new systems of production and distribution that will change the role of fashion designers for the future.
Thoughts on Jinan's Establishment of the National Central City of China's Yellow River Basin
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Chu Xiaochang
Published: September 2020

The national central city is not a single existence, and it must be based on the national-level urban agglomeration. At the same time, it must have superior geographical advantages and rich natural resources as the basis for development. Urban agglomeration promotes national central cities; on the contrary, national central cities can also drive the common development of urban agglomerations. During the National People’s Congress and National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference this year, Jinan Municipal Government proposed to create a national central city in the Yellow River Basin as the development goal. In this article, the measures taken by Jinan Municipal Government to create the national central city of the Yellow River Basin are put forward, and the impact of the surrounding urban agglomeration on the development of Jinan is pointed out. Meanwhile, the opportunities and challenges that Jinan will bring to the surrounding urban agglomeration by establishing the national central city are elaborated.
A Field Study: The Business Of Engaging Higher Education Adjunct Faculty
Authors: Henkel Tom , Haley Gordon
Published: September 2020

Competition among higher educational institutions has increased especially among public and private institutions; this is exacerbated by demographic changes whereby the number of high school graduates continues to decrease. Additionally, colleges and universities face daunting competition challenges retaining students; therefore, they are reexamining their long-established business models. As a result, to offset costs, higher education institutions continue to increase the hiring of adjunct faculty. Currently, adjunct instructors account for more than half of all faculty appointments and that number is expected to increase. To amplify the situation, college and university accreditation organizations are requiring student retention and faculty work engagement as part of the effectiveness and accreditation process. Customarily, compared to full-time faculty, adjunct faculty are less engaged with their work as effective coaches and mentors for students outside the classroom. Thus, a quantitative study using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale questionnaire sought adjunct faculty feedback in terms of engagement with their work for academic and student success and how the results could be used to increase this engagement.
Firm-Specific Characteristics And The Disclosure Level: Evidence From The Tehran Stock Exchange
Authors: Saeedi Ali , Daghani Reza , Hajian Najmeh
Published: September 2020

This paper studies the relationship between the disclosure level and firm-specific characteristics of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Our study contributes to the firm financial disclosure literature by documenting the empirical evidence on the relationship between CEO tenure and firm disclosure. We use firms’ disclosure scores released by the Iranian Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) that measure the disclosure level of listed companies. The research data consists of 2,719 firm-year observations from 404 Iranian listed firms on the TSE for 2003-2014. Using regression analyses, we find that longer CEO tenure improves the level of disclosure. Also, we document that firm profitability, liquidity, and asset-in-place have a positive effect on the disclosure level. Moreover, we report that leverage, age, and market share have an inverse effect on the disclosure level.
Assessment Of Psychological Advertising Along Consumer Rights And The Rule On Section 5 Of The Federal Trade Commission, Part 1 Of 2: Unfairness Doctrine
Authors: Alarcon Michelle , Ha Joseph
Published: September 2020

Over a century of research and empirical findings have linked advertising with consumer choice based on affective information processing, which many researchers emphasized as unconscious brain processing. This paper examines a variety of empirical findings and historical data on psychological or affective processing which provides evidence that psychological advertising affects consumer behavior and choice. Thereafter, building on existing research and literature, we analyze the legal implications of psychological advertising to stimulate affective or unconscious decisions that impairs rational choice and thus harmful. Based on this argument, we analyze the current federal consumer protection law regulating advertising under Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (“FTC Act”) which bans unfair and deceptive practices, then present rationales for change followed by a framework for revision. The objectives of such change is to ensure that this regulation upholds consumer rights and provide a consumercentric process that respects free choice. One outcome of this proposal will be a ban on advertising practices that utilize psychological stimuli. The framework will focus on expanding the “unfairness” doctrine of the FTC Act. The Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) states that “unfair acts or practices injure both consumers and competitors because consumers who would otherwise have selected a competitor’s product are wrongly diverted by the unfair act or practice,” thus an effective customer-centric regulation could postulate a healthier economy.
A Study to Assess the Level of Anxiety Associated with COVID-19 among High School Students.
Authors: RAJU Janula , ASİRVATHAM Raju
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on school children especially in their academic performance which may affect their mental health. The study aimed to assess the anxiety level of high school students. A cross sectional electronic study conducted among high school students in Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of India. A total of 302 high school students participated in the study. A two sectioned self-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.0 version software. A chi-square test was used to investigate the level of anxiety among students and ANOVA test used to find the mean difference between groups, with significance set to P<0.05. Among 302 participants, 41.7% (n=126) were male, 58.3% (n=176) were aged 13-17 years. The study indicated that majority 132 (43.7%) of study participants reported that they had Mild anxiety which was followed by 77 (25.5%) no anxiety and 62 (20.5%) moderate anxiety. Factors such as age, gender, family members tested positive or being quarantined were having association with anxiety level. The researcher concluded that the high school children are experiencing a considerable level of anxiety during lock down of COVID-19 pandemic period. There was a strong association of anxiety level of students, if any family members are tested positive for corona virus or any one is being quarantined for the symptoms of corona virus.
KAJIAN PRINSIP NON-INTERVENSI ASEAN DALAM KERANGKA ORGANISASI EKONOMI INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Wicaksono Setiawan
Published: September 2020

Violation on human rights in ASEAN untill today still happens in ASEAN. ASEAN as a international organization should be able to settle international conflicts and or national conflicts which affect international society. However, it appears ASEAN seems didn’t take conlicts in its members seriously and didn’t solve the problems. Instead helping member countries, ASEAN silently let ASEAN member countries to finish the cobflicts by itself. ASEAN as an international organisation and economoc regional integration has wider meaning than just an economic integration, its also hold social and integration between its members. Consequences are, ecah members have to realize to solve problems together to reach the AEC and ASEAN goals itself. This research use normative method with conceptual approach and teortical approach to find out why the principle and goals in ASEAN didn’t run corectly. Author find outs that there are several obstacles in ASEAN which are: there is still lack of commitment in ASEAN members, ASEAN ideologist which greatly adore the non-intervention principle, and ASEAN weakness in settling conflicts
MENILIK IMPLEMENTASI KEWAJIBAN MORAL NATURAL NEGARA UNTUK MENGAKUI, MENGHORMATI MASYARAKAT ADAT SEBAGAI ENTITAS DASAR DARI TERBENTUKNYA ENTITAS NEGARA
Authors: Nurdin Fransiskus Saverius
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The state began primarily from the most modest legal society and then evolved into a large and modern entity. These entities are anthropological primordial communities that have a continuity that has been carried on until the history of civilization has disappeared. When a primordial entity becomes a large entity (the State), the state (a large entity) has a morally natural obligation to recognize and respect by issuing legal institutions that do not reduce or do not even distort the primordial entity. This research aims to describe how the state implements its natural moral obligations as a representation of citizens. This research finally provides an answer to the discourse that the state is considered negligent to recognize, respect and fulfill the rights of indigenous peoples. Furthermore, this research is normative legal research (library research) with a statutory approach (statue approach).
IMPLIKASI PENAFSIRAN HAK MENGUASAI NEGARA OLEH MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI TERHADAP POLITIK HUKUM AGRARIA PADA PULAU-PULAU KECIL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sari Nina Amelia Novita , Tambunan Ezra , Felany Patricia Inge , Nugraha Xavier
Published: September 2020

Salah satu pengaturan Indonesia sebagai negara kesejahteraan (welfare state), dapat dilihat dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD NRI Tahun 1945. Dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD NRI Tahun 1945 dijelaskan bahwa,”bumi, air, dan kekayaan yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran untuk rakyat. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat “hak menguasai negara” yang dimiliki oleh negara, terhadap seluruh wilayah Indonesia, termasuk pulau-pulau kecil. Hal ini menimbulkan problematika, yaitu apa yang dimaksud dengan “hak menguasai negara”? Bagaimana implikasi pengaturan “hak menguasai negara” terhadap politik hukum agraria bagi pulau-pulau kecil? Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menemukan hukum yang sesuai untuk diterapkan secara konkrit guna menyelesaikan suatu masalah.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab mengenai pemaknaan konsep “hak menguasai negara” dan implikasi konsep “hak menguasai negara” dalam politik hukum agraria bagi pulau-pulau kecil. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, ditemukan bahwa  “hak menguasai negara” ditafsirkan sebagai yurisprudensi tetap (fasten jurisprudence) oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi. Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 001-021-022/PUU-I/2003,Nomor 002/PUU-I/2003, dan Nomor 058-059-060-063/PUU-II/2004 yang menafsirkan secara konstan “hak menguasai negara”, sebagai perbuatan merumuskan kebijakan (beleid), merumuskan pengaturan (regelendaad), melakukan pengurusan (bestuurdaad), melakukan pengelolaan (beheersdaad), dan melakukan pengawasan (toezichthoudensdaad). Penafsiran “hak menguasai negara” oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut berimplikasi pada politik hukum agraria pada pengelolaan pulau-pulau kecil yang diejawantahkan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2007 Tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil. Melalui pengaturan tersebut, diharapkan dapat menjamin terwujudnya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat di pulau-pulau kecil.
IMPLEMENTASI ASAS TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA SEBAGAI BENTUK PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KERUSAKAN TERUMBU KARANG (Studi Kasus Kecelakaan Kapal MV Caledonian Sky di Raja Ampat)
Authors: Damanik Kristwan Genova
Published: September 2020

In Law No.32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, the principle of state responsibility is one of the means of protecting pollution and/or environmental damage. The principle of state responsibility server to ensure the utilization of natural resources for the welfare of the people, both present and future generations.Normatively, laws and regulations regulate sanctions for perpetrators of environmental violations, but in the application of law there is unity of action (ego sectoral), so the dispute resolution becomes complicated. Inadequate legal understanding of the state’s affirmative officials results  in  constrained law enforcement, and well as regulated legal sanctions for officials who neglect to carry out the task of giving the impression the government is not serious about addressing environment violations.The various  weaknesses and obstacles in applying the principle of state responsibility in the environmental law system in Indonesia related to ship MV Caledonian Sky  accident is the core of research that poured  in this paper
LEGAL STANDING DEBITOR SELAMA MENGUASAI OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA
Authors: Subagiyo Dwi Tatak
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK

Eksistensi lembaga jaminan fidusia, digunakan untuk menampung kebutuhan masyarakat akan pentingnya tambahan modal berupa dana dalam melakukan kegiatan usaha di bidang ekonomi dengan tetap menguasai benda modalnya itu digunakan dalam mempertahankan kegiatan usaha, sebagai agunan/jaminan memperoleh bantuan dana. Mengingat kedua lembaga jaminan yang ada dalam KUHPerdata yaitu gadai dan hipotek, tidak memberikan ruang dan tempat  bagi masyarakat yang mengembangkan usaha dengan perolehan dana dari lembaga keuangan. Legal standing debitor adanya prinsip fidusia, selama benda dijadikan objek jaminan, hak milik benda yang bersangkutan, diakui tetap ada pada debitor dan debitor selaku peminjam pakai benda. Sedangkan atas agunan yang bersangkutan, kreditor hanya sekedar mempunyai hak jaminan kebendaan dan bukan hak kepemilikan.Kaca Kunci: kedudukan hukum, debitor, objek fidusia

 

ABSTRACT
this existence of fiduciary guarantee institution, is used to accommodate the society's need for the additional capital in the form of funds in conducting business activities in the field of economy while retaining the capital is used in maintaining business activities, as collateral get funding. In view of the two existing guarantee institutions in the Civil Code that are mortgage and mortgage, it does not provide space and place for the people who develop the business with the acquisition of funds from financial institutions.

x

  legal standing of the debtor in controlling fiduciary fiduciary goods under the fiduciary guarantee law, it is understood that the principle that as long as the object is used as the object of guarantee, the property rights of the object is recognized, it is still present to the debtor and debtor as the borrower with the object. While for the collateral concerned, the creditor only has the right of material security and not the right of ownership.Keywords: legal standing,debtor, object fiduciary.
PENDEKATAN HHUKUM DAN EKONOMI TERHADAP HUKUM INTERNASIONAL: MENYIGI RASIONALITAS NEGARA
Authors: Aqimuddin Eka An
Published: September 2020

Hukum internasional kontemporer saat ini harus menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner. Hal ini dikarenakan isu hukum internasional sudah semakin terspesialisasi. Pendekatan hukum dan ekonomi dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis hukum internasional. Asumsi pendekatan ini adalah bahwa subjek merupakan makhluk rasional sehingga akan berusaha untuk mewujudkan preferensinya. Negara sebagai subjek hukum internasional dilihat dari pendekatan hukum dan ekonomi merupakan aktor rasional sehingga setiap tindakannya ditujukan untuk memenuhi preferensinya.
PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN HUKUM ADVOKAT MAGANG YANG BERACARA DI PENGADILAN TERKAIT DENGAN PROFESI ADVOKAT
Authors: Pura Margo Hadi
Published: September 2020

Kehidupan masyarakat dikendalikan oleh suatu hukum dasar yang dikenal dengan nama undang-undang dasar atau konstitusi, yaitu hukum dasar tertulis yang menjadi pangkal gerak, dasar dan orientasi dari perjalanan kehidupan tersebut.Profesi pada hakekatnya adalah pekerjaan tetap yang berwujud karya pelayanan yang dijalankan dengan penguasaan dan penerapan pengetahuan di bidang ilmu tertentu yang pengembangannya dihayati sebagai panggilan hidup dan pelaksanaan terkait pada nilai-nilai tertentu yang dilandasi semangat pengabdian terhadap sesama manusia demi kepentingan umum serta berakar pada penghormatan dan upaya menjunjung tinggi martabat manusia. Profesi adalah pekerjaan tetap bidang tertentu berdasarkan keahlian khusus yang dilakukan secara bertanggungjawab dengan tujuan memperoleh penghasilan. Apabila profesi itu berkenaan dengan bidang hukum, maka profesi itu disebut profesi hukum. Profesi hukum merupakan salah satu profesi yang menuntut pemenuhan nilai moral dari pengembangannya. Nilai moral itu merupakan kekuatan yang mengarahkan dan mendasari perbuatan luhur. Dua hal yang menjadi fokus artikel ini adalah mengenaipertanggungjawaban advokat magang yang sudah beracara kaitannya dengan profesi advokat.
SANKSI KERJA SOSIAL SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BENTUK PEMIDANAAN DALAM SISTEM HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ginting Jamin
Published: September 2020

Perubahan zaman yang sangat cepat mengakibatkan adanya perubahan juga pada segi-segi kehidupan manusia dan mengharuskan adanya penyesuaian terkhusus dan termasuk pada bidang hukum pidana yang sudah usang di Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan membandingkan pidana kerja sosial di Belanda, Malaysia, Indonesia, Portugal dan kaitannya dengan keadilan restoratif. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pidana kerja sosial adalah wujud dari keadilan restoratif agar lebih menimbulkan jera kepada pelaku pidana. Di Indonesia, pidana kerja sosial baru sebatas wacana yang dituangkan dalam Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (RUU KUHP), tetapi di Malaysia, Belanda, dan Portugal telah lama menerapkan pidana kerja sosial sebagai alternatif pemidanaan serta dengan perhitungan tertentu.
THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT AGREEMENTS IN INDONESIA POST ISSUANCE OF THE CONSITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NUMBER 13/PUU-XVI/2018
Authors: Marpaung Jessica
Published: September 2020

As a developing country participating in international economy, Indonesia has declared a clear commitment to create a stable and conducive environment for investment. Such endeavor has been met fraught with challenges, especially from within the country itself. Challenges to the constitutionality of Investment International Agreements (IIAs), including both Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) forged between Indonesia and various countries have arisen and recently led to a constitutional claim, resulting in the Decision No. 13/PUU-XVI/2018 (Decision No. 13/2018). Allegations that the discriminatory and unfair treatment against local businessmen caused by such IIAs clearly constitutes a violation of the Constitution, rendering IIAs that have been signed to-date reviewable, and more extremely, unconstitutional, and must be terminated. This Article aims to discuss on assess the issue of constitutionality of IIAs, especially through the discussions in Decision No. 13/2018, and its impact on Indonesia’s commitment to IIAs.
PANCASILA SEBAGAI ETIKA POLITIK DAN HUKUM NEGARA INDONESIA [Pancasila as Political Ethics and Indonesian State Law]
Authors: Pureklolon Thomas Tokan
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Pancasila is not only a source of derivation of legislation, but also a source of morality, especially in relation to the legitimacy of power, law and various policies in the implementation and administration of the state. The existence of the first precept of "The Almighty Godhead", and the second precept of "Fair and Civilized Humanity" is the source of moral values for national and state life. The state of Indonesia which is based on the first precept of "The Almighty God" is not a "theocracy" state which bases state power and state administration on religious legitimacy. The power of the head of state is not absolute based on religious legitimacy but based on legal legitimacy and democratic legitimacy. Therefore, the principle of the principle of "Godhead of the Almighty" has more to do with moral legitimacy. This is what distinguishes the Almighty God from theocracy. The writing method in this journal is a qualitative method, with an interdisciplinary approach. Although in the Indonesian state it is not based on religious legitimacy, morally the life of the state must be in accordance with the values derived from God, especially the law and morals in the life of the state.

Keywords: Political Ethics, Law, Pancasila

 

Abstrak

Pancasila tidak hanya merupakan sumber derivasi peraturan perundang-undangan, melainkan juga merupakan sumber moralitas, terutama dalam hubungannya dengan legitimasi kekuasaan, hukum serta berbagai kebijakan dalam pelaksanaan dan penyelenggaraan negara. Eksistensi sila pertama “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa”, serta sila kedua “Kemanusiaan yang Adil dan Beradab” merupakan sumber atas nilai-nilai moral bagi kehidupan kebangsaan dan kenegaraan. Negara Indonesia yang berdasarkan sila pertama “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa” bukanlah negara “teokrasi” yang mendasarkan kekuasaan negara dan penyelenggaraan negara pada legitimasi religius. Kekuasaan kepala negara tidak bersifat mutlak berdasarkan legitimasi religius, melainkan berdasarkan legitimasi hukum serta legitimasi demokrasi. Oleh karena itu asas sila “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa” lebih berkaitan dengan legitimasi moral. Hal inilah yang membedakan negara yang Berketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dengan negara teokrasi. Metode penulisan dalam jurnal ini adalah metode kualitatif, dengan pendekatan interdisipliner. Walaupun dalam negara Indonesia tidak mendasarkan pada legitimasi religius, secara moralitas kehidupan negara harus sesuai dengan nilai-nilai yang berasal dari Tuhan, terutama hukum serta moral dalam kehidupan negara.

Kata kunci: Etika Politik, Hukum, Pancasila
Patient Satisfaction in Medicine and Dentistry: A Need to Advance to a Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) Culture in Surgical Sciences
Authors: Afrashtehfar Kelvin I. , Assery Mansour K. A.
Published: September 2020

There is little understanding of patients' experiences and perceptions with satisfaction by health professionals such as medical and dental clinicians. Furthermore, patient satisfaction is not well understood. The objective of this article is to better understand patients' satisfaction with their medical and dental care. The methods of the current article are based on a narrative review of the literature strategy. Patient satisfaction's multidimensional nature has been established since the perceived reasons for satisfaction varied widely among patients. Many aspects of the treatment influence participant satisfaction at different stages of the intervention's process. An improved understanding of the basis for managing patients' expectations with information reiteratively and efficiently may ultimately reduce patients' potential for negative feelings toward the medical and dental treatment experience. The consumerist method may misrepresent the concept of satisfaction in health service.
Some Remarks on Colloid Stability: Selected Examples Taken from the Milk Chain for Food Prepares
Authors: La Mesa Camillo , Risuleo Gianfranco
Published: September 2020

Different forces play a key-role in the stability of food colloid dispersions. Focus is here on those controlling attraction and/or repulsion, which concur to stabilization, phase separation, coagulation, and are quite evident in water-based systems. Combination of attractive and repulsive forces favors, or hinders, the association of colloid entities; such processes are often met in food technology. The above processes depend on the forces at work, and on colloid concentration in the medium (i.e. on inter-particle distance). Worked examples deals with milk manipulation procedures, ending in cheese formation. The whole milk-working sequence is controlled by the combination of forces leading to aggregation and phase separation of casein and other milk components. Thereafter, one gets either fresh, for prompt consumption, or aged cheeses. The combination of attractive (van der Waals, vdW, and depletion) with repulsive (double layer, DL, but also with steric) forces results in the dominance of aggregation versus dispersion modes in all steps of milk transformation, which depend on the distance among colloid particles, on the amplitude of the mentioned forces, and on their decay length. The combined role of double layer and van der Waals (vdW) forces is at the basis of the DLVO theory on colloid stability, which is properly modified when these forces overlap with steric stabilization and, eventually, with depletion. Steric effects are dispersive, depletion ones favor colloid nucleation in a single phase. The milk manipulation chain is a worked example of the intriguing association features controlled by the mentioned forces (and of ancillary ones, as well), and indicates which forces favor the formation of products such as Parmesan or Mozzarella cheese, but are not alien to the preparation of many other dairy products.
Altered Spatial Composition of the Immune Cell Repertoire in the Bone Marrow Stem Cell Niche in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Bauer Marcus , Vaxevanis Christoforos , Al-Ali Haifa Kathrin , Jaekel Nadja , Naumann Christin Le Hoa , Schaffrath Judith , Rau Achim , Seliger Barbara , Wickenhauser Claudia
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are caused by a stem cell failure, but the relationship between immune dysregulation and the course of disease has not yet been analyzed in detail. Experimental design: To get insights into the pathophysiologic and clinical relevance of the histotopography of immune cell subpopulations in this process, the immune cell infiltrate with focus on its spatial distribution was determined by multispectral imaging (MSI) in 147 bone marrow biopsies from MDS or secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) patients and healthy controls (HC). In addition, the data were correlated to genetic alterations and clinical features of these patients including therapy response. Results: A high inter-tumoral heterogeneity in the frequency and spatial distribution of CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD8-, CD3+FOXP3+ T cell subsets, MUM1p+CD3- post-germinal B/plasma cells and CD34+ blasts was found in MDS and sAML samples. In HC only few B cells/plasma cells, but no T cell subpopulations were detected in the proximity to CD34+ blasts. In contrast, the frequency of these lymphocytes was increased in proximity to CD34+ blasts in both MDS and sAML independent of the karyotype, genetic alterations frequently detected in MDS, clinical risk stratification systems or treatment response to hypomethylating agents. Furthermore, an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T cells and MUM1p+ CD3- B cells was found in responders to epigenetic drugs. Conclusions: Thus, we conclude that (i) T cell subsets do not belong to the normal stem cell niche, (ii) the presence of T and B cell subpopulations not directly affect the course of MDS, (iii) lymphocytes in the proximity to CD34+ blasts might indicate defective stem cell properties and (iv) the number of lymphocytes is a predictor of therapy response to hypomethylating agents.
Lactate, A Phoenix Rising in Contemporary Biology
Authors: Brooks George
Published: September 2020

After a Century it is time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and appreciate that lactate shuttling as an important component of intermediary metabolism in vivo. Cell-Cell and intracellular Lactate Shuttles fulfill purposes of energy substrate production and distribution as well as cell signaling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition of lactate shuttling came first in studies of physical exercise where roles of driver and recipient cells and tissues were obvious. Moreover, the presence of lactate shuttling as part of postprandial glucose disposal has been recognized. Mitochondrial respiration creates the physiological sink for lactate disposal in vivo. Repeated lactate exposure from regular exercise results in adaptive processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and other healthful circulatory and neurological characteristic such as improved physical work capacity, metabolic flexibility and cognition. The importance of lactate and lactate shuttling in healthful living is further emphasized when lactate signaling and shuttling are dysregulated as occur in illness and injury. Like a Phoenix, lactate rises again in importance in 21st Century Biology.
Determinants of self-paid rotavirus vaccination status in Kanazawa, Japan, including socioeconomic factors, parents’ perception, and children’s characteristics
Authors: Hara Megumi , Koshida Rie , Araki Kaoru , Kondo Masahide , Hirota Yoshio
Published: September 2020

Background: Japan’s National Immunization Program does not cover rotavirus vaccine and no government subsidies are available. This study aimed to measure the uptake of and determinants that influenced self-paid rotavirus vaccination, including socioeconomic status and relative poverty.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at health check-ups for all children aged 18 months in Kanazawa, Japan, between December 2017 and July 2018. Community nurses collected information on self-paid vaccination history, parents’ perceptions of and recommendations for rotavirus vaccine, and socioeconomic status in interviews using a unified questionnaire. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess vaccine uptake and possible determinants.Results: In total, 1,282 participants were enrolled. The estimated rotavirus vaccine coverage was 72.9%. Perceptions that rotavirus gastroenteritis was serious and that the rotavirus vaccine was effective, pediatricians’ recommendations, information from the city office, magazine and Internet articles, and higher parental education level were associated with higher rotavirus vaccine uptake. Lower household income was associated with decreased rotavirus vaccine uptake. Vaccine expense, fear of adverse reactions to the vaccine, number of household members and siblings, and children’s characteristics were not correlated with rotavirus vaccination. Poverty was associated with decreased rotavirus vaccine uptake, even after adjustment for other determinants (adjusted odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.90).Conclusion: Parents’ perceptions, socioeconomic status, relative poverty, and pediatricians’ recommendations are determinants of vaccination. This study suggests that appropriate information about rotavirus vaccine, subsidies for those of lower socioeconomic status, and national recommendations are necessary to achieve higher coverage.
Effectiveness of Tuina manipulation in patients with knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lv Zhizhen , Zhu Qingguang , Guo Guangxin , Sun Wuquan , Cheng Yanbin , Kong Lingjun , Fang Min , Wu Zhiwei , Xu Shanda , Zhou Xin , Zhang Shuaipan , Yao Chongjie
Published: September 2020

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common disabling musculoskeletal disorder. Previous studies showed that Tuina manipulation and health care education were effective treatments for patients with KOA. However, there is no evidence to support the use of one intervention over the other. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Tuina manipulation and health care education for the management of pain and dysfunction in patients with KOA.Methods/Design: This study is a single-centre, two-arm, open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT). A total of 170 eligible KOA patients will be randomly assigned to the Tuina manipulation group or the health education group in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the Tuina manipulation group will receive a 30-minute 2-step treatment plan, including pain point assessment and manual therapy, which will be performed 12 times in 4 weeks. The health education group will receive 45 minutes of lecture and discussion three times a week for four weeks. The primary outcome is the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Secondary outcomes include the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The results of this study will help clarify the value of Tuina manipulation and health education as treatments for KOA and will highlight any differences in treatment outcomes.Discussion: The design and methodology of the trial is rigorous and allows the collection of valuable data to assess the efficacy of a specific Tuina regimen for the treatment of KOA. Therefore, the trial will provide a solid foundation for future clinical research on KOA and Tuina therapy.Trial registration: This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 24 February 2020 (ChiCTR2000030154), http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx
Study of Temperature Distribution and Material Flow for different pin profile in Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Ramesh , Kore Sachin D
Published: September 2020

A fully-coupled 3-D model of FSW was developed for 4 mm plates of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM) in ANSYS Fluent 14.5 software. Two types of the model; one with the tool and another without the tool was developed for different tool geometry and analysis was done for temperature distribution in the workpiece as well as in tool using system coupling for the first model and workpiece only in later one. A parametric study was performed at different tool rotational speed regarding temperature distribution, and material flow analysis was carried out for all tool geometries at a single rotational speed. The material behaves differently when passes through the different tools and it was affected by thermal history, viscosity, and strain rate for particular tool geometry. Temperature-dependent material properties and a user-defined function (UDF) code of viscosity have been incorporated in the model considering the workpiece as a non-Newtonian viscous fluid. A better material mixing was observed in the case of threaded pin geometry by using a steady-state laminar flow model. All tapered tool geometries were unable to mix material properly just below and around the pin tip due to very low-velocity magnitude in this region, which may lead to a kind of defect. An asymmetric temperature distribution observed in the workpiece and at higher rotational speed peak temperature observed higher in the workpiece, and the flow of heat was more in tool. Validation of the model was done by performing experiments.
Effects of different sufentanil target concentrations on the MACBAR of sevoflurane in patients with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum stimulus
Authors: Guo Yanxia , Wang Dan , Yang Xiao-lin , Jiang Pingping , Xu Juan , Zhang Guoyuan
Published: September 2020

Background: This study aims to observe the effects of different target controlled plasma sufentanil concentrations on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane for blocking adrenergic response (BAR) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum stimulation.Methods: Eighty-five patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, aged 30-65 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅱ, were enrolled in this study. All the patients were randomly divided into 5 groups (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4) with different sufentanil plasma target concentration (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 ng ml-1). Anesthesia was induced by inhalation of 8% sevoflurane in 100% oxygen, and 0.6 mg kg-1 of rocuronium was intravenously injected to facilitate the insertion of a laryngeal mask airway. The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration and sufentanil plasma target concentration were adjusted according to respective preset value in each group. The hemodynamic response to pneumoperitoneum stimulus was observed after the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration had been maintained stable at least for 15 min. The MACBAR of sevoflurane was measured by a sequential method. Meanwhile, epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the blood were also determined before and after pneumoperitoneum stimulus in each group.Results: When the method of independent paired reversals was used, the MACBAR of sevoflurane in groups S0, S1, S2, S3, S4 was 5.333% (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 5.197-5.469%), 4.533% (95% CI: 4.451-4.616%), 2.861% (95% CI: 2.752-2.981%), 2.233% (95% CI: 2.142-2.324%) and 2.139% (95% CI: 2.057-2.219%), respectively. Meanwhile, when the isotonic regression analysis was used, the MACBAR of sevoflurane in groups S0, S1, S2, S3, S4 was 5.329% (95% CI: 5.321-5.343%), 4.557% (95% CI: 4.552-4.568%), 2.900% (95% CI: 2.894-2.911%), 2.216% (95% CI: 2.173-2.223%) and 2.171% (95% CI: 2.165-2.183%), respectively. The MACBAR was not significantly different between groups S3 and S4 when using 0.5 and 0.7 ng ml-1 of sufentanil plasma target concentrations. No significant difference was found in the change of E or NE concentration between before and after pneumoperitoneum stimulation in each group.Conclusions: The MACBAR of sevoflurane can be decreased with increasing sufentanil plasma target concentrations. A ceiling effect of the decrease occurred at a sufentanil plasma target concentration of 0.5 ng ml-1. When the sympathetic adrenergic response was inhibited in half of the patients to pneumoperitoneum stimulation in each group, the changes of E and NE concentrations showed no significant differences.Trial registration: The study was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800015819, 23, April, 2018).
A Novel Missense Mutation in the Gene Encoding Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP) in a Giant Panda with Cataracts
Authors: bai chao , You Yuyan , Liu Xuefeng , Xia Maohua , Wang Wei , Jia Ting , Pu Tianchun , Lu Yan , Zhang Chenglin , Li Xiaoguang , Yin Yanqiang , Liqin Wang , Zhou Jun , Niu Lili
Published: September 2020

Background: Cataracts are defects of the lens that cause progressive visual impairment and ultimately blindness in many vertebrate species. Most cataracts are age-related, but up to one third have an underlying genetic cause. Cataracts are common in captive zoo animals, but it is often unclear whether these are congenital or sporadic acquired (age-related) lesions. Results: Here we used a functional candidate gene- screening approach to identify mutations associated with cataracts in a captive giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). We screened 11 genes often associated with human cataracts and identified a novel missense mutation (c.686G>A) in the MIP gene encoding major intrinsic protein. , whichThis is expressed in the lens and normally accumulates in the plasma membrane of lens fiber cells, where it plays an important role in fluid transport and cell adhesion. The mutation causes the replacement of serine with asparagine (p.229S>Np.S229N) in the C-terminal tail of the protein, and modeling revealed predicts that the mutation- induced induces conformational changes that may interfere with lens permeability and cell–cell interactions. Conclusion: The c.686G>A mutation was found in a captive giant panda with a unilateral cataract but not in 18 controls from diverse regions of in China, suggesting that c.686G>Ait is likely to bemost likely a genuine disease-causing associated mutation rather than a single-nucleotide polymorphism 5 regions was used in this research. Conclusions: The c.686G>A mutation was not found in healthy pandas, suggesting itThe mutation could therefore serve as a new genetic marker to predict the risk of congenital cataracts in captive giant pandas.