bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Screen
Authors: Mobo Froilan Delute , Inam Aneeq , Joseph Shenson , Ahmad Munir , Chemingui Houssem
Published: July 2024

The integration of AI-driven technologies into society has led to profound changes across various domains, presenting both opportunities and challenges. AI has redefined communication patterns, breaking down barriers and introducing novel modes of engagement, but concerns about authenticity persist. In the realm of work dynamics, AI's automation capabilities have reshaped industries, leading to job displacement and emphasizing the need for investments in education. Personalization and recommender systems powered by AI offer tailored content but raise concerns about bias and echo chambers. AI's influence on social media blurs virtual and physical identities, necessitating measures to safeguard democratic values. Politically, AI presents opportunities for international cooperation but also challenges related to security and governance. Culturally, AI impacts representation and diversity, highlighting the need for inclusive design practices. Economically, AI-driven automation offers efficiency gains but also raises concerns about job displacement and inequality.
Crises Determine Preference and Media Credibility
Authors: Numan Haitham Hadi
Published: July 2024

This study examines how university students in Iraq perceive credibility and their media preferences during the protests. The research found that the students' political views influenced their choices and perceptions, leading them to shift from traditional media like television, radio, and newspapers to social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook used by the protesters. The study used Cede Gaziano and Kristin McGrath's credibility analysis factors, which include importance, fairness, bias, accuracy, completeness, and trust, to survey a sample of Iraqi undergraduate students before and after the protests. The results showed a significant change in students' perceptions of credibility and their reliance on traditional media versus social media after the start of the protests.
Beyond Goodwill
Authors: Romenti Stefania , Esposito Chiara , Colleoni Elanor , Murtarelli Grazia
Published: July 2024

This chapter investigates the interplay between consumer activism, corporate social responsibility communication (CSR), and corporate reputation. Using IKEA as a case study, the present study investigates the relationship between CSR communication, CSR-fit, CSR credibility, individual beliefs and corporate reputation using a quantitative design to quantitatively assess the role of CSR-fit and CSR credibility in mediating the role of CSR communication on corporate reputation and the influence of individual beliefs as a moderator of corporate reputation. Results confirm that a strong alignment between a company's CSR initiatives and its core activities positively enhances the credibility of its CSR engagement, consequently contributing to a favorable corporate reputation. By synthesizing academic theories and real-world insights, this research contributes to the understanding of the relationship between individual beliefs, CSR, and corporate reputation, offering valuable implications for companies navigating the complex realm of consumer activism and reputation management.
Artificial Intelligence in the Spanish Media
Authors: Sánchez Esparza Marta , Palella Stracuzzi Santa
Published: July 2024

In Spain, the media have been exploring artificial intelligence tools for some time. This study investigates which tools are used and in which processes, as well as their impact on the generation of content and the transformation of professional profiles. The methodology has a quantitative approach, through a survey of 35 journalists from the Association of Investigative Journalists (API), made up of media professionals from all over Spain. Among the main uses of AI are the processing and conversion of oral language into writing, the analysis of large amounts of data, the automation of tasks, and the relationship with audiences. A significant segment of respondents use AI tools in their work and believe that it will eventually be used for all automated tasks. However, most of them are not afraid of losing their jobs, as they value the importance of the human and creative component in their work performance.
Decoding the Landscape of Customer Engagement
Authors: Srivastava Alpa , Srivastava Sachin
Published: July 2024

The evolution of the human being is a manifestation of the dynamic nature of needs as seeds for the future of human engagement through a variety of experiences that create the world around us. It has shown transformation with consistency and accelerated with technological innovations, including personalization, playing a pivotal role. The journey of chapters will lead to Pandora's box meandering through the intricacies of customer engagement, knitting past, present, and future conditioning, experiences, and perceptions. The deepening concept of neuro-marketing, is the emerging future of customer engagement, which is finding its own way with the emphasized use of AI tools in managing a delicate balance between intelligence and empathy, moreover, the interlinking of end user experiences with neuro-linguistics hacks is navigating a new horizon with an increased sense of emerging needs & solutions.
Characteristics of Network Narrative Structure in Iñárritu Cinema
Authors: Birincioğlu Yıldız Derya
Published: July 2024

Alejandro González Iñárritu uses the network narrative structure in the films called the death trilogy to create the flow of time and space in the mind of the audience and to produce intuitive meanings. In this context, the universe of the study consists of Alejandro González Iñárritu's films Amores Perros (2000), 21 Grams (2003) and Babel (2006), which are outside the traditional storytelling of Hollywood. How is the network structure in these films, referred to as the death trilogy, constructed? What makes the characters part of the same network? How are the motifs that recur in the narratives and strengthen the network structure constructed? How are the wandering objects in the network narrative constructed within the framework of time, space, character or plot?Meike Bal's narrative analysis is used as a method in the study. The narrative structure formed by the combination of multiple concepts such as time, space, character plot and cause-effect link is interpreted within the framework of Carl Gustav Jung and David Bordwell's concepts of network narrative and wandering image.
Is Sherlock Holmes a Superhero?
Authors: Pembecioglu Nilufer Emine , Khan Saad Ullah
Published: July 2024

Some characters have a certain charm and value that we genuinely enjoy. Ever since his serial novel began to appear in newspapers and began to attract the attention of the general population, people have attempted to decipher Sherlock Holmes, his worldview, and the source of his brilliance. And later, they eagerly followed his serial films. Now, we are able to explore the hero closely and see his personality flaws and behavioral issues. Seeking to highlight Holmes' true persona through his sequels, this research looks at this well-known figure, to whom various syndromes are attributed, from autism to Asperger's, which is now referred to as social pragmatic communication disorder. It focuses not only on the murderer and the adventure element of the work of art but also on Sherlock Holmes himself and how his genuinely flawed personality was attempted to be hidden through cinematographic narration, script tricks, and narratology styles.
Deciphering Scrat
Authors: Sen Atiker Ezgi
Published: July 2024

This research undertakes an examination of the enigmatic character Scrat within the “Ice Age” series through the lens of theoretical frameworks proposed by Carl Jung, Sigmund Freud, and Karl Marx. Jung's perspective identifies Scrat as a manifestation of 'The Explorer' archetype, wherein the acorn symbolizes universal potential. In contrast, Freud's analysis portrays Scrat's relentless pursuit as an embodiment of the pleasure principle, primarily governed by the id, with the acorn representing an elusive desire. Marx's interpretation casts Scrat as a symbol of class struggle within a capitalist society, persistently pursuing a resource. A comprehensive comparative analysis provides a nuanced understanding, enriching character motivation analysis in storytelling and highlighting the depth of film characters in elucidating intricate psychological and sociological theories.
Machine Learning in Industry IoT (IIoT)
Authors: Kandasamy Manivel , Saha Sandipan , Patil Rohan Shankar
Published: July 2024

This chapter discusses the revolutionary incorporation of machine learning (ML) with industrial loT. Beginning by defining lloT, history, architecture, and applications. Further, exploring machine learning (ML), looking at its several forms.Before exploring the potential of using ML models inside IloT, data gathering challenges are addressed. With its features, data collecting, monitoring, and perceptive analytical techniques, predictive maintenance, a standout benefit, takes center stage. This integration requires data security, which is assessed taking into account cybersecurity risks, Big Data problems, data management, and retrieval. The chapter then continues on to demonstrate how ML improves lloT security. This chapter also projects future developments and trends, illustrating an industrial environment driven by technology. The final section of the chapter examines the industry's projected future for machine learning, along with ethical concerns and projections related to new technology.
Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Optimal Sizing of HRES
Authors: Allwyn B. , Arunkumar K. , Kumaran T. , Vinoth S.
Published: July 2024

Conventional energy sources with hydrocarbon fuel create several natural issues prompting environmental change and global warming, highlighting the significance of alternative energy systems like renewable energy sources. A HRES, combines many renewable energy sources to offer technology, storage, higher efficiency, and improved energy supply balance. This chapter presents the modelling of HRES comprising Photovoltaic systems and wind turbine components. Considering solar radiation and wind energy fluctuations render the design unsuitable, optimization is necessary for HRES to increase system dependability and create an affordable HRES system. This chapter covers implementation of particle swarm optimization, reduces convergence time compared to other optimization methods. Meta-heuristic optimization with two or more Meta heuristic algorithms to maximize the optimization is introduced in the chapter.
Precise Implementation of Mental Health Thinking Measures in Universities Based on Student Portrait Analysis
Authors: Ma Lina
Published: July 2024

School learners are the future of the motherland and the hope of the nation, and the level of mental health of school learners directly affects the achievement of moral education and the realization of the goal of moral education. The requirement of cultivating “self-esteem and self-confidence, rational and calm, and positive social mentality” provides guidance for the construction of mind fitness educating courses for school learners. At present, the research on the portrait technology for students in colleges and universities has been carried out one after another, and through the data mining of the informationized campus, the applications such as early warning of students' academic situation, dynamic detection of students' thoughts, and improvement of library lending service have been realized to better promote the management and service of students. The system can help students and teachers to make the mental health portrait model. This system can help students and teachers to analyze students' mental health problems more visually and improve the efficiency.
Ectatic coronary arteries, a cause for myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries
Authors: Chithrapathra K. E. , Wathurapatha W. S. , Matthias A. T.
Published: July 2024

Ectatic coronary arteries are an abnormal dilation of the coronary arteries and can contribute to the development of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). We present a case of a previously unscreened 27-year-old man who presented with ischaemic type chest pain and was found to have ectatic coronary arteries on coronary angiogram. Despite the absence of significant stenosis, the patient experienced an acute myocardial infarction. The patient was treated with dual antiplatelet therapy and statins, and subsequent assessments showed normal echocardiography findings. Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a relatively uncommon condition often associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis. While antiplatelet therapy is indicated in CAE patients, the use of anticoagulation remains uncertain. Further research and clinical guidelines are needed to establish standardised management approaches for patients with CAE and MINOCA.
Deprescribing in an outpatient medical clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera U. A. W. L. , Jayasinghe I. K. , Wijesingha W. M. C. R. , Rathnayaka D. L. , Rupasinghe S. , Abeywickrama U. K.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Use of multiple concomitant medications or ‘polypharmacy’ is linked to decreased medication adherence, adverse drug reactions and increased financial burden on patients and the economy. Deprescribing by experienced healthcare personnel can ensure safe and effective use of medications. Many medications, prescribed during hospital stay or at clinic level are continued for unnecessarily long periods, highlighting the necessity for deprescribing. The objectives of this audit were to identify and deprescribe inappropriate medications in patients, identify their comorbidities and explore reasons for the inappropriate medication use.Methods: This deprescribing audit was conducted by systematic sampling in selected adult patients >18 years, attending a medical clinic at National Hospital, Kandy over one month. The audit standard was the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) ‘5-step process in deprescribing’. Our study was based only on the first 3 steps of the AAFP deprescribing process.Results: Out of a total of 402 patients, deprescribing was carried out in 135 (33.58%). In this deprescribed group, 59.3% of patients were female and the mean age was 62.3 (±10.9) years. Furthermore, of the deprescribed patients, 52.6% had hypertension, 44.4% had ischaemic heart disease, and 34.1% had diabetes mellitus. The most deprescribed medication was antiplatelets (37.8%), followed by analgesics (24.4%) and diuretics (20%). A clear indication for using the drug was lacking in 68.9%, while 31.1% of patients continued taking the medication for longer than recommended. Conclusions: In this audit, over one third of patients underwent deprescribing. It provides just a glimpse of the broader issue of inappropriate polypharmacy and the necessity of deprescribing. Future research involving multiple centres is recommended to enhance understanding of medication patterns necessitating deprescribing.
The role of precision medicine in healthcare
Authors: Hettiarachchi N. M. , Manilgama S. R. , Liyanage A. D. M. D.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available
The moral responsibility of scientists: overview of contemporary epistemological conceptions
Authors: Mongiano Dario Maria
Published: July 2024

The increasing refinement of instruments of investigation has enabled man to probe ever wider and deeper areas of the nature around him, offering him, at the same time, the possibility of intervening in events and directing knowledge toward desired ends. However, these possibilities conceal within them certain risks, precisely at the moment when they become realizable: this is because the element that more than any other differentiates human beings from all other natural beings comes into play: freedom, from which responsibility flows; but what does responsibility mean? In what forms does it present itself? Who can be called responsible and for what? Here are the basic questions to start with.
Il dibattito nella Bioetica
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: July 2024

In rappresentanza del Gruppo "Etica e Medicina" della Fondazione Lanza di Padova, di cui coordino la ricerca, ho avuto modo di partecipare in data 13 marzo u.s. al primo dibattito del Seminario "Problemi generali di Bioetica", organizzato presso la sede milanese di "Pòliteia", un "centro per la ricerca e la formazione in politica ed etica" di ispirazione laica che si richiama espressamente alla tradizione liberal-democratica.
Contributions to the glacial and postglacial history of Houghton Lake Basin in the northern part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, U.S.A.
Authors: Lewis C. F. M.
Published: July 2024

Deux contributions ont été apportées à une étude de l’histoire glaciaire et postglaciaire du bassin du lac Houghton dans le nord de la péninsule inférieure du Michigan, aux États-Unis. La première contribution décrit la variation des niveaux d’eau du lac Huron (environ 130 m) et du lac Michigan (environ 100 m), qui ont permis de contrôler les niveaux de base pour l’écoulement des eaux souterraines et de surface dans la péninsule inférieure du Michigan au cours des 14 000 dernières années. Cette variation a probablement eu une incidence sur la sédimentation dans de petits lacs comme les lacs Backus, Pup et Marl. De plus, des changements ayant touché le lac Higgins font en sorte que la variation a probablement eu une incidence partielle sur ce lac, dont la taille est plus importante. Toutes ces étendues d’eau se trouvent dans le bassin du lac Houghton. La deuxième contribution fournit une estimation du soulèvement crustal différentiel dans le bassin du lac Houghton, au nord d’une zone d’affaissement crustal. Les données suggèrent que la nature du soulèvement crustal dans le nord de la péninsule inférieure du Michigan est semblable à celle du soulèvement dans l’ensemble du bassin des Grands Lacs. Comme nous ne disposons que des élévations des fragments du rivage d’un lac glaciaire pour l’ensemble du bassin du lac Houghton, cette estimation est fondée sur des élévations expérimentales des différences actuelles entre les isobases de 190 m et de 185 m du lac Algonquin. Une différence d’élévation actuelle de 15 m suggère que les isobases de 190 m et de 185 m étaient à leur niveau il y a au moins 16 à 15 ka BP, et que le bassin du lac Houghton, en forme de cuvette, soutenait probablement un grand lac, soit le lac glaciaire Roscommon. Le lac glaciaire Roscommon a peut-être existé plus tôt, car on suppose que le retrait du lobe glaciaire de Mackinac a commencé vers 19 ka.
Berberine hydrochloride alleviates chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome by modifying gut microbiome signaling
Authors: Tian Yi-Qun , Ren Xiang , Wang Jing , Li Xing , Yin Yi-Sheng , Guo Zi-Hao , Qin Zhen-Liang , Zeng Xiao-Yong
Published: July 2024

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is highly prevalent worldwide and poses a significant threat to men’s health, particularly affecting young men. However, the exact causes and mechanisms behind CP/CPPS remain unclear, leading to challenges in its treatment. In this research, a CP/CPPS rat model was established with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), and berberine hydrochloride was administered through daily gavage to assess its therapeutic effects. The alterations in the gut microbiome induced by CP/CPPS and berberine hydrochloride were investigated through 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of cecum content and colonic epithelial cells. To investigate the impact of the gut microbiome on CP/CPPS, a pseudo germ-free rat model was established, and fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) was performed on these rats. In all, berberine hydrochloride demonstrated effective reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress in the prostate, offering significant therapeutic advantages for CP/CPPS. Through analysis of the gut microbiome using 16S ribosome RNA sequencing, distinct differences were observed between CP/CPPS rats and control rats, and Clostridium butyricum was identified as a key bacteria. Pseudo germ-free rats that underwent FMT from CP/CPPS rats or rats treated with berberine hydrochloride displayed varying levels of inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress, and activity of associated signaling pathways. In conclusion, the therapeutic potential of berberine hydrochloride in addressing CP/CPPS is highly significant. The gut microbiome has emerged as a critical factor in the development of CP/CPPS and plays a pivotal role in mediating the therapeutic effects of berberine hydrochloride.
Nursing Personnel Workload and Staffing Need for Rural Hospitals of Darjeeling District, India: Assessment by Application of Workload Indicators of Staffing Need Tool (World Health Organization)
Authors: Mortuja Sk Golam , Dasgupta Samir , Bhattacherjee Sharmistha , Mukherjee Abhijit
Published: July 2024

Background:

The Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) human resource planning and management tool developed by Shipp (1998) and popularized by the World Health Organization gives health managers a way to analyze and calculate correct staffing levels in health facilities.

Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the current workload and staffing need of staff nurses for rural hospitals in Darjeeling district, West Bengal.

Materials and Methods:

Primary data were collected by interviews with nursing personnel using a semi-structured interview schedule. Secondary data were obtained from available records at the rural hospitals. Workload components were established for health service activities, support activities, and additional activities. Staffing needs based on workload was calculated after adjusting allowance multiplier.

Results:

WISN findings highlighted varying degrees of health worker shortages and inequities in their distribution at different health facilities. WISN ratio indicated that the work pressure of health staff was highest at Kharibari RH (0.45), followed by Naxalbari RH (0.54). About 43% of nurses’ time was occupied with support activities, instead of nursing care.

Conclusions:

WISN method can help policy-makers in optimizing utilization of existing human resources. There is a need to adopt flexible health workforce planning and recruitment policy to manage the patient load and disease burden.
Use of Smartphones for Social and Sexual Networking among Transgender Women in South India: Implications for Developing Smartphone-based Online HIV Prevention Interventions
Authors: Shunmugam Murali , Chakrapani Venkatesan , Kumar Pushpesh , Mukherjee Debomita , Madhivanan Purnima
Published: July 2024

Background:

Smartphone use is increasing among transgender women (TGW), including those who engage in sex work. Current government-supported HIV prevention interventions focus on physical venue-based outreach among TGW, missing the opportunity to reach them through smartphone-based interventions.

Objective:

We examined the use of smartphones among TGW, especially in relation to social and sexual networking, and explored their perspectives on their willingness to use smartphone-based HIV prevention interventions.

Materials and Methods:

Through an exploratory descriptive-interpretive qualitative research design, we conducted 6 focus groups with a purposive sample of 30 TGW (70% in sex work) and 4 key informant in-depth interviews in Chennai and Hyderabad, India. Data were explored using framework analysis.

Results:

Through smartphones, TGW used social media (e.g., WhatsApp and Facebook) and dating applications for socialization, meeting sexual partners, and entertainment. Low-literacy TGW used voice or video messaging. TGW expressed interest in receiving short health-related videos and text messages on HIV, mental health, and gender transition.

Conclusion:

At-risk TGW could potentially be reached through smartphone-based online health promotion interventions, but those interventions need to be holistic – moving beyond HIV.
A Scoping Review of Interventions for Prevention and Control of Hypertension in India
Authors: Pawar Priyanka , Mukherjee Ritika , Mohapatra Archisman , Sharma Divita
Published: July 2024

In India, hypertension (HTN) is a raging public health problem and demands contextualized strategies to combat it. However, there is a gap in indigenous research output on interventions related to HTN that work in the Indian context. We aimed to identify, describe, and systematically compile context-derived evidence for the prevention and control of HTN in adults in India across the community, health-care organization, and health policy domains by reviewing papers published over the past 10 years (January 2013–December 2022). Our goal was to prepare a ready-reckoner document that could serve as a baseline critique for HTN researchers, policymakers, and program managers for planning their respective courses of action. We searched for relevant literature published between January 2013 and December 2022, indexed in PubMed and Web-of-Science. We extracted information using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist and used the Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework for analysis and reporting. Only 33 articles emerged as “eligible.” The papers focused on community (39.4%), health-care organization (36.4%), and multi-domain (24.2%) strategies. Majority (69.7%) reported HTN control as an indicator to assess intervention effectiveness. Original research from India on HTN interventions is sparse. Thus, there is a need to promote research activities and publications that generate evidence for action in alignment with provisions and priorities of existing programs and policies, and with a focus on scalability and sustainability. Consequently, we call for increased attention to implementation science and research for HTN combat in India.
The Need for Continuum of Care in Control of Hypertension in Primary Health-care Setting
Authors: Joshua Immanuel , Jayaraj Vinothini , Nikitha Pedapanga , Singh Siddharth , Chakravarty Jaya , Kansal Sangeeta
Published: July 2024

The hypertension care continuum is a public health model that outlines the steps or stages that people with hypertension go through from diagnosis to achieving and maintaining blood pressure (BP) under control through care and treatment. Despite diagnosis being straightforward and treatments widely available and relatively inexpensive, there are significant gaps in delivery at the level of awareness, treatment, adherence, and control of hypertension. This article reviews the correlates of client acquisition and retention at the primary care level for hypertension management along the continuum of care context of the public health system in India. The PubMed database was searched to identify relevant literature using appropriate search terms. The search was restricted to original articles published in English language between January 2012 and December 2022 on data collected from India only. Considering the heterogeneity in the available literature, this article will be a scoping review. The hypertension status awareness rate among all hypertensives ranged from 12% to 65%. The proportion of hypertensives being currently treated ranged from 4% to 62%, and the proportion of hypertensives with controlled BP was between 1% and 57%. Large proportions of hypertensives are lost at each step of the hypertension care continuum. The greatest loss in the cascade was seen at the level of hypertension status awareness. Women had better rates across the care continuum when compared to men. Strategies must be strengthened to improve outcomes across the hypertension care continuum. Strengthening and reorienting health systems to provide people-centered health care should now be on the health agenda.
Socio-demographic and clinical profiles of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a tertiary care hospital of Kashmir
Authors: Malik Murtaza Ali , Rouf Abdul
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity, inattention, or both, often emerging before the age of 12 years. With a global impact on approximately 136 million children and adolescents, ADHD’s prevalence ranges from 5% to 6%. Despite its higher occurrence in males, ADHD can persist into adulthood, posing risks of substance misuse and vocational difficulties.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study investigates the socio-demographic and clinical profiles of children aged 6–16 years diagnosed with ADHD in Kashmir. Using a cross-sectional analytic design, data were collected from 208 participants attending the Child Guidance and Wellbeing Center at the Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Kashmir.

RESULTS:

The gender distribution highlights male predominance (69.2%), which aligns with established models. ADHD prevalence decreases with age, consistent with symptom reduction trends. Socio-economic analysis reveals a prevalence in the lower middle and upper lower classes, suggesting financial difficulties as a predictor of ADHD. The combined subtype of ADHD is the most prevalent (71.2%).

CONCLUSION:

These findings emphasize the need for tailored interventions and approaches to address ADHD’s diverse presentations in children and adolescents. Although the study acknowledges limitations such as sample size and cross-sectional design, it contributes novel insights into ADHD’s manifestation and underscores the importance of addressing unique characteristics associated with each subtype and age group. Such efforts can optimize ADHD management and outcomes for affected individuals.
A Wound-Healing Effect of Nanoemulgel of Kangkung (Ipomoea Reptans, Poir) Leaf Extract in STZ Diabetic Rats
Authors: Hayati Farida , Ramadani Arba P. , Putri Cynthia A. , Chabib Lutfi , Putri Farah U. , Nugroho Agung E.
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:

The chronic diabetes mellitus (DM) condition may lead to diabetic wounds that increase morbidity in patients. Ipomoea reptans Poir leaves have been widely reported to possess anti-diabetic activity due to their flavonoid contents. To enhance drug penetration, a nanoemulgel preparation was formulated.

Aims:

This study aimed to evaluate the activity of nanoemulgel preparations of Ipomoea reptans Poir leaf extract on diabetic and non-diabetic wound-healing using male Wistar rats.

Settings and Design:

This research was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design.

Materials and Methods:

The rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into two groups: diabetic (induced by 40 mg/kg BW STZ) and non-diabetic model. Each model consisted of four groups: normal, positive control, I. reptans leaf extract (IRLE), and nanoemulgel of I. reptans leaf extract (NIRLE). All the animals studied were shaved from the back, and a 2.5 × 0.5 cm full-thickness excision wound was made. IRLE and NIRLE were administered daily and observed for the wound-healing process.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The one-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post-hoc test was used for the statistical analysis.

Results:

A NIRLE formulation has been developed to produce a preparation that meets the physical requirements. IRLE and NIRLE possessed wound-healing activity in normal and diabetic rat models. However, the wound-healing process in diabetic rats treated with NIRLE was faster than those with IRLE.

Conclusions:

NIRLE increased the activity of wound-healing effect of I. reptans leaves on diabetic rats in comparison with the extract form.
Prevalence of Sleep Disturbance Potential–Associated Factors among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ghosn Sherihan A. , Ali Mohammad D. , Banu Nuzhat , Patel Munfis , Aslam Nousheen , Babker Huda , Albahrani Fatimah H. , Al Ibrahim Zynab , Alomran Anfal , Ul Hai Areej N. , Almoroba Nora B.
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Many studies across the globe have observed the significant effect of sleep disturbance on the academic achievement of medical students. Objective: This research was conducted to define the prevalence of sleep disturbance and to discover the consequences and management of this condition among undergraduate pharmacy students of Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences (MACHS).

Methods:

We conducted a questionnaire-based online survey among different levels of MACHS pharmacy students.

Results:

A total of 165 students participated in the study, of whom 132 (80%) were females and 33 (20%) were males. Most of the participants, 142 (86.06%), were staying with their parents, whereas few of them were staying alone (23; 13.94%). While a handful of them, 29 (17.58%), did not have their bedrooms, most of them had their bedrooms (136; 82.42%). When asked about drinking caffeine-rich products in the afternoon or at night, most of them responded “sometimes” (78; 47.27%), followed by the category “always” (61; 36.97%), “rarely” (15; 9.09%), and then the category of students who responded “not at all” (11; 6.67%). Overall, 35 (21.21%) of the study participants had a smoking habit, 72 (43.63%) tried to treat their sleep disturbance, whereas 42 (25.45%) were getting treatment for insomnia.

Conclusion:

Most pharmacy students at MACH College, especially females, have sleep problems. Mostly, the prevalence is common during exam periods, and it mildly affects their grade point average.
Dispensing Errors and Self-medication Practices—Pharmacists’ Experience in Tabuk: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alanazi Ibtisam Hamoud , Alanazi Sabah Dhaifallah , Alanazwi Shouq Lafui , Alshehri Sara Hassan , Prabahar Kousalya
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Community pharmacists are engaged in various professional activities starting from drug dispensing to promoting the well-being of patients. They dispense medications as stated in the prescription and are also licensed to prescribe over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Self-medication is widely practiced in various countries, which may lead to irrational drug use. The objectives of this study were to identify the factors associated with dispensing errors, to find ways to minimize dispensing errors, to identify patients’ reasons for self-medication, and to find the drugs commonly utilized by patients as OTC medications and the sources of their drug information.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 286 registered community pharmacists all over Tabuk was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results:

Physician’s unclear handwriting in the prescription was the major factor for dispensing error (2.6 out of 3) and writing the prescription clearly by the physician or using a printed form of prescription was an important factor in minimizing dispensing errors (2.91 out of 3). Previous similar complaints in the past were the main reason for self-medication (2.45 out of 3) with analgesics and antipyretics being the commonly dispensed drug groups dispensed as OTC medications (2.95 out of 3).

Conclusion:

Self-medication practices and dispensing errors are widespread in Tabuk. Antibiotics were dispensed as OTC medication, which may lead to more chance of irrational drug use. Writing the prescription clearly and legibly would reduce dispensing errors. It is the community pharmacists’ responsibility to increase awareness regarding the appropriate use of drugs to the public.
Association of mammographic and sonographic findings with prognostic molecular factors and hormone receptor expression in malignant breast lesions
Authors: Bahrami Mahshid , Karami Fatemeh , Hekmatnia Ali , Soltani Sepideh , Fadavi Pedram , Hekmatnia Farzaneh , Zarei Andrew Parviz , Nazari Hengameh
Published: July 2024

Background:

The aim of this study was to determine whether mammographic and sonographic features of malignant breast lesions are correlated with tumor histologic grade, hormonal receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 status.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective study, imaging and histopathological findings of 187 biopsy-proven breast cancer cases from November 2019 to February 2021 were reviewed. The Chi-square test was used to examine the potential correlation between mammographic and sonographic characteristics with histopathological features such as hormonal receptor, HER2 status, Ki-67 labeling index, and histological grade.

Results:

We observed that microlobulated margin as well as oval/round morphology in mammograms correlate with triple-negative intrinsic subtype (P = 0.006 and P = 0.004). The presence of calcification in sonography was significantly higher in the luminal-B subtype (P = 0.002). Furthermore, ill-defined margins in mammography were significantly higher in amplified HER2 expression (P = 0.004) in the same manner as an oval/round shape in higher levels of Ki-67 (P = 0.030).

Conclusion:

Mammography and sonography features may reflect the biological behavior of various subtypes of breast cancer and can detect more aggressive breast cancers that can mimic benign or less malignant appearing lesions. These findings may be an excellent predictor for some subtypes like triple-negative breast cancer. Studying the range of these imaging characteristics may help in better understanding the prognosis, choosing a treatment strategy, and predicting response to treatment.
Combination treatment with interferon-γ may be a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of cytotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Nie Da-Qing , Yan Gui-Xiu , Wang Zheng-Yi , Yan Xue , Yu Gui-Mei , Gao Jin-Liang , Liu Di , Li Hong-Bo
Published: July 2024

Background:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the current clinical results are varied. This study is to analyze the therapeutic effect of cell-based strategies on RA.

Materials and Methods:

The searches were performed with public databases from inception to June 17, 2021. Randomized controlled trials researching cell-based therapies in RA patients were included.

Results:

Eight studies, including 480 patients, were included in the analysis. The results showed that compared to the control, MSC treatment significantly reduced the disease activity score (DAS) at the second standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.25, −0.15; P = 0.01) and 3rd month (SMD: −1.47; 95% CI: −2.77, −0.18; P < 0.01) and significantly reduced the rheumatoid factor (RF) level at the first (SMD: −0.38; 95% CI: −0.72, −0.05; P = 0.03) and 6th months (SMD: −0.81; 95% CI: −1.32, −0.31; P < 0.01). In the network meta-analysis, MSCs combined with interferon-γ (MSC_IFN) had a significant effect on increasing the American college of rheumatology criteria (ACR) 20, ACR50, and DAS <3.2 populations, had a significant effect on reducing the DAS, and decreased the RF level for a long period.

Conclusion:

MSCs could relieve the DAS of RA patients in the short term and reduce the level of RF. MSC_IFN showed a more obvious effect, which could significantly improve the results of ACR20, ACR50, and DAS <3.2 and reduce the DAS and RF levels.
Evaluation of Renal Function Tests and Electrolytes in Iraqi Males with Repeated Smoking and Alcohol Abuse
Authors: Marouf Esraa Abd Al-Karim , Jameel Nabaa Qais , Moulood Iman Fouad
Published: July 2024

Background:

Wrong lifestyles such as smoking and drinking alcohol all lead to negative effects. Moreover, smoking is one of the most dangerous effects on people’s health, and it is considered one of the motives for slow suicide in humans, due to its consist deadly compounds and drinking alcohol has a dangerous effects too on people’s health.

Objective:

Is to estimate the variables at kidney function tests (uric acid, creatinine, and urea) and electrolytes like Na+, K+, and Cl−) in Iraqi male smokers. The major goal research is to check the variation on kidney function tests (uric acid, creatinine, and urea) and electrolytes like Na+, K+, and Cl−) in Iraqi alcoholic smokers males.

Materials and Methods:

This research carried out on 115 specimens of alcoholic smoker person’s sera bloods and nonalcoholic smoker persons from Iraqi males. Some kidney functions and electrolytes were determined included: uric acid, creatinine, and urea of kidney functions beside to sodium, potassium, and chloride of the electrolytes.

Results:

In this study, the results showed that affect smoking and alcohol consumption on kidney role was shown by the sera contents of urea, creatinine, uric acid, and urea values as it was observed that the sera contents of uric acid, creatinine, and urea were higher within alcoholic smokers persons compared with the blood specimens of the control group. The contents ranged of uric acid (5.99–9.25), creatinine (0.78–1.2), and urea contents were ranged between 26.3 and 30.03 of alcoholic smoker specimens. While the same markers in nonalcoholic smoker specimens (control group) were as following: uric acid (5.11), creatinine (0.69), and urea values (27.9) sequentially.

Conclusion:

There are a significant difference in serum Na+, K+, and Cl− in alcoholic smokers when compared to controls, also there are a significant difference in uric acid, urea, and creatinine levels.
Anterior Knee Pain (AKP) and its Relationship to Quadriceps Angle and Anthropometric Parameters: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study from Iraq
Authors: Al-Shamari Ahmed Latteef , Assi Mohammed H. , Al-Abbasi Maan
Published: July 2024

Background:

Anterior knee pain (AKP) is a common condition, especially among physically active adults who present a clinical challenge. Patellar malalignment is thought to be an important cause. Measuring quadriceps (Q) angle significant test used in the assessment of patellar alignment and hence used in the assessment of AKP.

Objectives:

To assess the relationship between AKP and Q angle among ample Iraqi patients.

Materials and Methods:

The right and left Q angles of 100 participants were measured using a universal goniometer. The participants were divided into three groups: controls, patients with left AKP (LAKP), and patients with right AKP (RAKP). The relationship between Q angles and different groups was tested using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:

The left Q angles for males measure 14.1 ± 1.9 in controls, 17.7 ± 1.6 in LAKP cases and 16.1 ± 1.8 in RAKP cases, and for the females 16.1 ± 1.8 in controls, 18.1 ± 1.8 in LAKP cases and 17.1 ± 2.5 in RAKP cases. The right Q angles for males measure 15.6 ± 2.2 in controls, 15.1 ± 2.7 in LAKP cases and 19 ± 1.6 in RAKP cases, and for the females were 17.7 ± 2.4 in controls, 17.9 ± 2.2 in LAKP cases and 19.9 ± 2 in RAKP cases. Both Q angles (right and left) were greater in females than in males and both were greater in cases than in controls.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that there is a significant association between AKP and quadriceps femoris angle measurement in both genders. Therefore, clinical and/or radiological demonstration of quadriceps angle can be used as a means for initial detection of AKP.
The value and challenges of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in surgical research
Authors: Bhagat Tripta S. , Gulati Gunjan , Bhagat Rohit
Published: July 2024

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential tools in evidence-based medicine, providing unbiased summaries of current evidence to guide clinical decision-making. While widely utilized in various medical specialties, surgical research presents unique challenges to conducting high-quality systematic reviews. This comprehensive review explores the value of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in surgery, discussing recent trends, key components, benefits, limitations, and challenges specific to surgical interventions. It examines issues such as blinding, surgical heterogeneity, learning curves, patient and clinician preference, industry involvement, and emergency interventions. By addressing these challenges and highlighting the importance of rigorous methodology, this review emphasizes the critical role of systematic reviews in advancing surgical practice and shaping evidence-based guidelines.
Integration of academics, extracurricular activities, and latest scientific techniques at Santosh Medical College
Authors: Arora Latika , Bhagat Tripta S.
Published: July 2024

What we learn with pleasure we never forget. Learning in medical college is a tedious process. Students feel overburdened by the amount of syllabus. Hence, faculty at Santosh Medical College is constantly looking for methods to incorporate extracurricular activities in medical teaching. Anatomy is taught to students in their 1st year as it forms the foundation for medical knowledge. It is the study of the morphology of the human body; medical students usually get confused with numerous organ names, their functions, and relations. Students try to mug up anatomy without having a three-dimensional concept of organs and their relations. Hence, it is the duty of anatomy teacher to make anatomy learning more fun learning and conceptual with hands-on activities. It is usually agreed by educators that if extracurricular activities are incorporated with academics, students tend to have a better grasp of subjects.
Epidemiology, risk factors, and advances in the management of breast cancer
Authors: Bhagat Tripta S. , Gulati Gunjan , Bhagat Rohit , Gupta Shalabh
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent and impactful malignancies affecting women globally. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, screening methods, diagnostic procedures, treatment options, and recent advances in breast cancer management. Drawing from a wide range of sources, including authoritative textbooks, peer-reviewed journals, and guidelines from leading health organizations, this article synthesizes current knowledge and highlights areas for future research and policy development. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, accounting for a significant proportion of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in early detection and treatment, disparities in outcomes persist across different populations and regions. Understanding epidemiology, risk factors, and advances in breast cancer management is crucial for developing effective public health strategies and improving patient outcomes.
Cutaneous sarcoidosis – A diagnosis of exclusion
Authors: Yadav Geetanjali , Chaudhary Pratibha , Sharma Richa , Singh Swati , Nath Navneet , Mittal Adreena
Published: July 2024

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that may affect multiple organs. The most commonly involved organs are the lungs. Cutaneous sarcoidosis can present without any systemic involvement in 20%–25% of cases. In our report, we present a case of a 52-year-old male who presented to the dermatology department with the complaint of erythematous papules on the dorsum of the right foot, tingling sensation and decreased sensation over the same site for 1 year. His laboratory reports were normal, and a diagnosis was made on histopathology. It is unusual to have erythematous papule with decrease sensation as a presenting complaint of sarcoidosis without any prominent respiratory or systemic symptoms, which resulted in the writing of this case report.
A cross-sectional observational study to evaluate the acceptability of the clove mouthwash in Delhi NCR population
Authors: Bali Shweta , Bhargava Akshay , Nautiyal Aruna , Batra Chandni , Sharma Vaishali Rai
Published: July 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess customer satisfaction premarket launch of the newly developed mouthwash; the present survey has been conducted to evaluate the taste, texture, their effectiveness in treating sensitivity, and bad breath.

Materials and Methods:

The survey was conducted for a sample size of 480. Participants received a questionnaire consisting of questions on oral health, sensitivity, bleeding gums, and bad breath.

Results:

Eighty-two percentage of the population found the clove mouthwash to be effective and claimed that their sensitivity was significantly reduced.

Conclusion:

Since the clove mouthwash gained acceptance from the majority of the population as evidently supported by the results of our current survey, it is stated that within the confines of the survey, clove mouthwash can be launched in the market.