bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FOOD CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA: AN ESTIMATION OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND TECHNOLOGICAL GAP RATIO
Authors: Adeleke H.M. , Titilola Ogunniyi Laudia , Fanifosi G.E. , Adeleke O.A. , Ajao O.A.
Published: August 2022

Background: This study analyzed the determinants of food crop productivity in Nigeria. Objectives: To describe the socio-economic characteristics of the food crop farmers, estimate the meta-frontier production and compare the technological gap ratio of the various food crop farmers, and then analyzed the determinants of productivity of food crop farmers in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Methodology: General Household Survey –Panel Wave 2 from National Bureau of Statistics Abuja, Nigeria was used for this study, and a total of 1,678 food crop farmers were randomly selected from the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. The study employed the use of descriptive statistics, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and Multiple linear regression. Results: Most (34.3%) of the farmers were aged between 41-50 years with modal family size of 6 - 10 members. The illiteracy level was high (62.2%) among the various food crop farmers as they had no formal education. The mean technical efficiency and mean Technological Gap Ratios (TGRs) of the food crop farmers were 0.563 and 0.716 respectively. The difference in the mean technical efficiency and meta-production model of food crop farmers showed a huge productivity potential ratio in the various zones of the country. Age (t = 2.99, P= 0.06), plot size square (t = 4.40, P= 0.00), plot ownership (t =2.59, P= 0.01) and access to credit (t = -2.13, P= 0.033) do significantly influence the productivity of the food crop farmers, and were the determinants of food crop productivity in Nigeria. Implications: There is the need to enhance capacity of the food crop enterprises to promote food security and economic growth in Nigeria. Conclusion: Given the level of technology available, food crop farmers produce lower than the country potential output.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY VOLUME AND BODY WEIGHT IN PELIBUEY EWES
Authors: Salazar-Cuytun Rosario , Garcia-Herrera Ricardo A. , Munoz-Benitez Alfonso L. , Munoz-Osorio Germani , Camacho-Perez Enrique , Ptacek Martin , Portillo-Salgado Rodrigo , Vargas-Bello-Perez Einar , Chay Canul Alfonso Juventino
Published: August 2022

Background. In terms of animal management, the measurement of body weight (BW) is important in the design of nutrition and health programs. Objective. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between body volume (BV) and BW in Pelibuey ewe lambs and ewes. Methodology. For the model development, the BW and body volume (BV) were recorded in 406 Pelibuey ewe lambs and ewes ranging from two months to one years in age. All animals were clinically healthy, with a BW = 37.62 ± 10.63 kg. The BV was calculated using the heart girt (HG) and the body length (BL). BV was calculated according to the mathematical formulas for calculating the volume of a cylinder, considering biometric measurements in the calculation. The relationship between BV and BW was assessed by linear (Eq. 1), quadratic (Eq. 2) and allometric equation (Eq. 3). The goodness of fit of the regression models was assessed by the Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Results. The correlation coefficient (r) between BW and BV was 0.89 (P < 0.001). The quadratic model had the higher value of coefficient of determination (R2= 0.81, and the lower MSE (4.17), RMSE (2.04), AIC (1163.64) and BIC (1175.66) values. The predictive ability of the three live weight prediction models was evaluated using k-folds validation (k = 10). Implications. The quadratic model had the higher coefficient of determination and lowest values were found for the mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). This model is practical and predicts with high accuracy the BW of the animals. Conclusion. Based on the evaluation approaches used in the present study and the close relationship between BW and BV in Pelibuey ewe lambs and adult ewes, the quadratic model was the mathematical model that had the best performance according to the goodness-of-fit evaluation.
CONTRIBUCIONES CIENTIFICAS DE LA FMVZ-UADY SOBRE Petiveria alliacea: ALTERNATIVA DE CONTROL DE GARRAPATAS Y NEMATODOS EN ANIMALES DOMÉSTIC
Authors: Flota-Burgos G.J. , Rosado Aguilar Jose Alberto , Rodriguez-Vivas R.I. , Bolio-Gonzalez M.
Published: August 2022

Background. In tropical and subtropical regions of the world, ticks and nematodes negatively affect the health and welfare of animals, the search for natural alternatives for parasite control is necessary to reduce resistance and dependence to antiparasitics. Objective. To present the main findings on the acaricidal and anthelmintic activity of Petiveria alliacea against ticks and nematodes of domestic animals. Methodology. Scientific articles were compiled from studies carried out by the animal health academic research group of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the Autonomous University of Yucatán. The review focused on the use of methanolic extracts and compounds from P. alliacea against larvae and adults of Rhipicephalus microplus, as well as against nematodes of the order strongylida such as Ancylostoma spp., Haemonchus spp. and cyathostomids. Main findings. Research on the biological activity of P. alliacea extracts have shown their acaricidal and anthelmintic potential. Extracts of P. alliacea showed high mortality rates on larvae and adult females of R. microplus resistant to ixodicides, as well as a decrease in reproductive parameters (inhibition of oviposition and hatching inhibition). The acaricidal activity of P. alliacea is attributed to the presence of the sulfur compounds dibenzyl trisulfide and dibenzyl disulfide, which cause histological damage to the reproductive system of adult females, affecting the oogenesis process. Additionally, P. alliacea demonstrated broad spectrum anthelmintic activity, exhibiting high percentages of hatching inhibition on A. caninum, H. placei and cyathostomid eggs. A difference was also observed in the acaricidal and anthelmintic activity depending on the part of the plant and the time of collection. Implications. Further studies are needed to identify anthelmintic active compounds of P. alliacea, elucidate the mechanisms of action of these compounds, and test both acaricidal and anthelmintic compounds in in vivo studies. Conclusions. The extracts of P. alliacea and its compounds showed high acaricidal and anthelmintic activity against R. microplus ticks and nematodes of the order strongylida of domestic animals, due to this, they are a potential control alternative for broad spectrum.
ASSESSMENT OF SOIL MOISTURE AND NUTRIENTS ON TERRACE SLOPE OF HARD-SETTING SOILS IN SEMI-ARID EASTERN KEN
Authors: Njiru Emerita Ndwiga , Baaru Mary , Gachene Charles
Published: August 2022

Background: Terraces are structures consisting of ditches and embankments used to control erosion and increase land productivity. There is, however, little emphasis on the effects of the ditch dimensions on soil moisture and nutrient dynamics. Objective: To determine the effect of varying ditch depths on soil moisture and nutrient quantities and their variability within the terrace slope on hard-setting soils. Methodology: Soil samples were collected seasonally in 2014 and 2015 from terraces with different ditch depths (60, 30, and 0 [control] cm) for the determination of soil moisture content (SMC). The samples were collected from the upper, middle and lower slope positions of each terrace. Soil from the three slope positions of each terrace was also sampled at the end of the study and analyzed for total nitrogen (%TN), available phosphorous (Av. P), exchangeable potassium (K+) and % organic carbon (OC) contents. Data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance and differences in means determined at a 95% level of confidence. Results: Significant interactions (P<0.001) in SMC were observed between seasons, ditch depths and slope positions. Higher SMC was found in treatments with 30 and 60 cm ditch depths in all the slope positions and seasons compared to the control. Soil moisture contents in the lower and upper slope positions were significantly different between the terraces with 30 and 60 cm ditch depths when rainfall was high and evenly distributed, but non-significant in poorly distributed rainfall seasons. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in contents of total nitrogen and available phosphorous were found between the upper and lower slope positions of the terraces with ditches. Implications: The effect of ditch depths on moisture, total nitrogen and available phosphorous contents and their variability within the slope depended on the amount and distribution of rainfall. Conclusion: Construction of terraces with shallow ditch depths (of 30 cm) is recommended to conserve soil moisture and nutrients nitrogen and phosphorous on hard-setting soils in the marginal areas of semi-arid Eastern Kenya. 
SOSIALISASI PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN COVID-19 SEKALIGUS BUKA BERSAMA DAN PEMBERIAN BANTUAN PADA PANTI ASUHAN PUTI BUNGSU KOTA PADANG
Authors: Rizka Hadya  , Noviyanti  , Yulistia  , Rice Haryati
Published: August 2022

Kegiatan pengabdian kali ini bekerjasama dengan BEM Fakultas Ekonomi Unes. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini, kita tidak hanya mengajak anak-anak untuk bersimpati kepada sesama tapi juga mengajak mereka untuk peduli dengan lingkungan sekitar terutama dimasa pandemi covid 19 ini. Pada masa ini, setiap orang harus waspada dan wajib menjaga dan melaksanakan protokol kesehatan guna mencegah penyebaran penularan covid 19. Tujuan diadakan pengabdian ini adalah: 1. Untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada anak-anak yatim Puti Bungsu tentang pentingnya mematuhi protokol kesehatan di dalam beraktivitas sebagai bentuk pencegahan penyebaran covid 19. 2. Menumbuhkan rasa peduli dosen dan mahasiswa terhadap anak yatim. 3. Untuk menjalankan salah satu Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi yaitu pengabdian masyarakat 4. Menjalin dan mempererat tali silaturahim antar sesama. Pengabdian ini diberikan untuk anak-anak yatim yang ada di panti asuhan Puti Bungsu Padang. Melalui kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat oleh Tim pengabdi Program Studi Manajemen, bersama BEM Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Ekasakti ini, anak-anak Panti Asuhan Puti Bungsu lebih memahami tentang pandemik covid-19 dan cara pencegahannya. Mereka juga memperoleh bantuan sebagai empati terhadap masalah keterbatasan pemenuhan kebutuhan anak-anak Panti Asuhan di masa covid-19 ini.
Studi Tentang Web Race Condition Sebagai Acuan Pembuatan Sebuah Modul Praktikum
Authors: Boru Lumban Tobing Tio Hana Lolita , Kabetta Herman
Published: August 2022

Serangan race condition dapat dilakukan pada aplikasi yang berjalan secara paralel maupun aplikasi sekuensial. Race condition pada aplikasi web dapat memberikan dampak yang merugikan, namun studi terkait race condition pada web masih terbilang minim. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan serangan race condition pada aplikasi sekuensial berupa aplikasi transaksi perbankan sederhana yang memiliki sebuah basis data. Serangan dilakukan dengan mengirimkan shell script yang berisi perintah curl secara paralel. Dengan menggunakan konsep time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU), serangan berhasil mengeksploitasi delay waktu dan menyebabkan aplikasi menghasilkan output yang tidak sesuai. Aplikasi kemudian diberikan mitigasi berupa table-level locking dan row-level locking. Hasil studi kemudian dijadikan suatu modul praktikum untuk membantu mahasiswa memahami bagaimana cara kerja web race condition dan langkah mitigasinya. Modul disimulasikan dengan menggunakan metode pre-eksperimen one-group pretest-posttest. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa simulasi berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa mengenai race condition pada web.
Perancangan Proses Bisnis Diseminasi Informasi Ancaman Siber Berbasis STIX dan TAXII pada Subdirektorat Deteksi Potensi Ancaman Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara
Authors: Nusranto Pratama Tirsa  , Obrina Candra Briliyant
Published: August 2022

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) adalah sistem pengelolaan pengetahuan berbasis bukti yang dapat ditindaklanjuti. CTI dibagi menjadi 3 (tiga) bagian besar, yaitu pengumpulan informasi, analisis, serta pemanfaatan dan diseminasi. Untuk melakukan diseminasi dalam CTI, telah dikembangkan Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX) dan Trusted Automated Exchange of Intelligence Information (TAXII) sebagai standar dari platform diseminasi CTI. CTI yang efektif adalah CTI yang dapat terintegrasi ke dalam proses bisnis security operations organisasi. Salah satu metode untuk menggambarkan proses bisnis adalah dengan menggunakan Business Process Modelling & Notation (BPMN). CTI di BSSN menjadi tugas dari Subdirektorat Deteksi Potensi Ancaman (D143). D143 menjalankan CTI dengan mekanisme pelaporan dan distribusi informasi pada proses diseminasi atau dikenal dengan cyber threat information sharing yang berefek terhadap kinerja D143. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan User Requirements Analysis dan perancangan proses bisnis cyber threat information sharing pada D143. Dari hasil analisis kebutuhan, akan dirancang rekayasa proses bisnis yang sesuai untuk D143 menggunakan notasi BPMN untuk menggambarkannya. Pengujian proses bisnis yang dirancang dilakukan dengan cara melakukan simulasi terhadap proses bisnis, serta validasi kesesuaian rancangan proses bisnis dengan kebutuhan D143. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan proses bisnis yang dirancang dapat dijalankan pada platform berbasis STIX dan TAXII, namun belum sepenuhnya terotomasi dalam melakukan proses cyber threat information sharing.
Second Preimage Attack pada Skema Davies-Meyer Berbasis SIMECK32/64 Menggunakan Metode Kortelainen
Authors: Putranto Aji Bagas , Lestari Andriani Adi
Published: August 2022

Second preimage attack metode Kortelainen merupakan suatu skema serangan yang diaplikasikan pada fungsi hash berstruktur Merkle-Damgard. Second preimage attack metode Kortelainen memiliki dua variasi, yaitu Chosen Initial Value Attack (CIVA) dan Chosen Prefix Attack (CPA). Serangan ini memanfaatkan struktur intan untuk mencari second preimage dari suatu pesan. Struktur intan merupakan suatu pohon biner yang tersusun dari nilai-nilai hash yang berkolisi. Salah satu skema fungsi hash yang berstruktur Merkle-Damgard adalah skema Davies-Meyer. Skema Davies-Meyer merupakan skema fungsi hash yang memanfaatkan block cipher sebagai fungsi kompresi dan dikatakan sebagai skema fungsi hash yang aman. Pada Paper ini dilakukan dua variasi second preimage attack metode Kortelainen pada skema Davies-Meyer berbasis SIMECK32/64. Serangan variasi CIVA dilakukan dengan dua struktur intan  dan . Variasi serangan ini memperoleh dua second preimage untuk  dan satu second preimage untuk . Kompleksitas waktu serangan untuk  adalah   komputasi dan  adalah  komputasi. Serangan variasi kedua, yaitu CPA dengan nilai  memperoleh satu second preimage. Kompleksitas serangan variasi kedua ini adalah   .
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Event Management Untuk Manajemen Data Peserta KLiKS Dengan Secure Web Api Berdasarkan OWASP API Top Ten 2019
Authors: Ismail sofyan tosany  , Nurul Qomariasih
Published: August 2022

Dalam rangka menjalankan tugasnya untuk mengedukasi masyarakat mengenai keamanan siber, BSSN melalui Subdirektorat Proteksi Keamanan Informasi Publik (PKIP), Direktorat Ekonomi Digital, menyelenggarakan seminar Kampanye Literasi Keamanan Siber (KLiKS). Akan tetapi pada pelaksanaannya masih dijumpai permasalahan mengenai manajemen data peserta yang mendaftar dimana masih dilakukan secara manual, menggunakan aplikasi pihak ketiga, dan ketimpangan data di lapangan. Selain itu dibutuhkan juga pengintegrasian antara aplikasi registrasi, manajemen data, dan registrasi ulang gawai KLiKS milik PKIP. Pada penelitian ini akan dibangun aplikasi event management untuk manajemen data peserta KLiKS berbasis web menggunakan metode SDLC prototyping guna mengatasi permasalahan manajemen data peserta KLiKS. Selain itu akan dibangun juga layanan API untuk komunikasi data dengan aplikasi API client dengan sistem keamanan JWT guna melindungi dari kerawanan broken user authentication yang menjadi kerawan peringkat kedua pada OWAPS API Top Ten 2019. Hasilnya ditemui bahwa penerapan aplikasi event management KLiKS ini dapat mempermudah proses manajemen data peserta KLiKS, bebas dari aplikasi pihak ketiga, dan data yang disajikan selaras. Penerapan JWT juga dapat mengatasi terjadinya kerawanan broken user authentication karena setiap request yang dikirim perlu memiliki token yang valid.
Representation of Islamic Children's Song Themes in Omar Hana
Authors: Nurani Sri , Helmanto Fachri
Published: August 2022

Background:  Omar and Hana animated series songs can have different meanings; they can be represented. Such meanings are related to habluminallah, habluminannas, the relationship with knowledge, the relationship with animals, the relationship with plants and the relationship with the environment. Purpose: This study aims to determine the representation of the theme of Islamic children's songs in the animated series Omar and Hana. Design and methods: This research was carried out using a qualitative approach to content analysis methods with data collection techniques in the form of documents. The data was obtained from the video content and lyrics of the animated series Omar & Hana on the YouTube application of the Omar and Hana channel accounts for Islamic Kindergartens. Results: The results of this study reveal the representation of the theme of Omar and Hana's Islamic children's songs which are categorized into 6 parts, namely habluminallah consisting of (7 song titles), habluminannas (27 song titles), relationship with knowledge (1 song title) relationship with animals (2 titles). song), relationship with plants (1 song title) and relationship with environment (2 song titles).
Իրանի հայ համայնքի մասնակցությունը ՀՀ-ԻԻՀ միջպետական հարաբերությունների հաստատման և զարգացման գործընթացում
Authors:   ՀՀ ԳԱԱ Պատմության ինստիտուտ, գիտաշխատող, Մկրտչյան Կարեն
Published: August 2022

In the framework of this article, an attempt has been made to present the participation of the Armenian community of Iran in the process of establishment and development of RA-IRI interstate relations. Indeed, community participation in interstate relations is not limited to one area; it is widespread, and it encompasses many areas of cooperation, from political relations to economic and cultural ties. Undoubtedly, the role of the well-known Iranian-Armenian businessman-philanthropist, community figure Levon Aharonyan (1930-2020) is obvious in bilateral economic ties. The Iran-Armenia Chamber of Commerce was established in November 1992, chaired by L. Aharonyan. In 1992-1993 during the most difficult years of newly independent Armenia, the homeland was supported by various Iranian-Armenian figures, of course, with the permission of the Iranian state, with the issuance of very strong visas in some issues. Thus, within the framework of intercivilizational, intercultural cooperation, the importance of the Armenian community of Iran as a bridge, the participation in various initiatives is obvious.
Պանթյուրքականության խնդիրը Իրանի Իսլամական Հանրապետությունում 2005-2013 թթ․
Authors:   ԵՊՀ արևելագիտության ֆակուլտետի իրանագիտության ամբիոնի դասախոս, Պետրոսյան Լիանա
Published: August 2022

Ethnic nationalism is an important component of the internal political life of any country, given the need to strengthen the internal security of that country, and in the case of Iran, being also at the crossroads of civilizations and ethnic groups. The activities of ethnic nationalists in western and southwestern Iran, where the economic and religious situation is markedly different from other Iranian provinces, and the potential for provocations by foreign forces in those areas may be significant. The situation is exacerbated by the existence of so-called "irredentism". On the one hand, Iran has the opportunity to influence its neighbors, but on the other hand, its neighbors can incite their target ethnic group to inter-ethnic clashes in Iran. In the context of the above, the issue of pan-Turkism in Iran is an important subject of discussion, which refers to the now Turkic-speaking historical Aturpatakan region, where activists try to promote pan-Turkic aspirations, mainly as foreign actors, with the ultimate goal of secession of this ancient land from Iran. It should be noted that the ethnic consciousness of this group is mainly determined not by the circumstance of linguistic affiliation, Turkish speaking, but by religious affiliation, the factor of being Shia. It is important in terms of ethnic self-awareness, forming an identity that can be defined by the term "Turkic-speaking Iranian". However, it should be noted that the Iranian authorities are in full control of the situation. Attempts at mass actions and protests are suppressed, activists are arrested, and the socio-political activities of NGO leaders are monitored. As for the neighboring countries, Iran had its own levers of pressure on the internal situation of those countries, such as the Shiite factor in Azerbaijan, the threat of exporting the Islamic Revolution, and ethnic conflicts in Turkey, which allowed Iran to maintain the balance of power.
Սատրապական Հայաստանի տարածքի հարցի շուրջ
Authors:   «Շիրակի Մ. Նալբանդյանի անվան պետական համալսարան» հիմնադրամի «Պատմության և փիլիսոփայության ամբիոն»-ի դոցենտ, Խորիկյան Հովհաննես
Published: August 2022

The vast territory of Satrapic Armenia was no exception in the system of administrative division of the Achaemenid Empire and there were satrapies with a larger territory. The Persian court was guided not only by its military-political and economic interests in the formation of the XIII Satrapy, but also by the reality of the pre-Achaemenid system of government in Armenia. Accordingly, the position of the Armenian Satrap in the Achaemenid dynasty was very important. The main population of Satrapic Armenia was Armenians, which was a unique case in the system of administrative division of the Achaemenid Empire. The formation of the Armenian Satrapy also was based on the existence of an ethnos, in this case the Armenians, but as an administrative, taxpaying unit, the XIII Satrapy was united with Pactyica and neighbours.
Իրանում հայ գաղթականության խնդիրների շուրջ (1918-1920 թթ.)
Authors:   Խ. Աբովյանի անվան ՀՊՄՀ համաշխարհային պատմության և նրա դասավանդման մեթոդիկայի ամբիոնի վարիչ, Ստեփանյան Խաչատուր
Published: August 2022

One of the most difficult issues facing the government during the years of the First Republic of Armenia was the issue of Armenian emigration both inside the country and abroad. The article presents the difficult situation of the Armenian emigration in Iran in 1918-1920, the work done by the Government of the First Republic of Armenia, in particular, the diplomatic mission of the Republic of Armenia in Iran to improve it. The Armenian-Iranian friendly relations enabled the Armenian authorities to deal with the problems of the Armenian emigration to Iran. The daily food and livelihood of most of the Armenian emigrants was mainly provided with the support of the Americans and the British. Some work has been done to address the educational needs of migrant children. The authorities of the First Republic of Armenia carried out certain works to repatriate the Armenian emigrants who took refuge in Iran. The Armenian diplomatic mission in Iran had to deal with the issue of Armenian migrants transferred from Turkestan to Iran.
Բազմաթեմատիկությունը՝ որպես «Հաֆեզյան գազելի» առանձնահատկություն (մեկ գազելի վերլուծության փորձ)
Authors:   ՀՀ ԳԱԱ արևելագիտության ինստիտուտի առաջատար գիտաշխատող, Կոզմոյան Արմանուշ
Published: August 2022

The analysis of the famous first ghazal of Hafez’s Divan can serve as a model to understand the poetic features of the “Hafezian ghazal”. It both epitomizes the experience of the achievements of the early traditions of Persian verse and brings the ghazal to ideological and formal perfection. This ghazal lacks leitmotif; the bayts are in dynamics, each creating a new situation in the “poet-world” perception. Yet, with the independence of the bayts and the diversity of motives and themes, the Hafezian ghazal reflects the unity of Persian culture and its aesthetic consciousness. In the ghazal, Hafez skillfully balances the traditional and the new, the real and the mystical, the secular and the religious, the philosophical reflection and the moralistic maxim. In this we see the paradox of the genius of “Hafezian ghazals”.
Persian As A Language Of Medieval Epigraphic Inscriptions Of Armenia
Authors:   Researcher of the Institute of Oriental Studies, RA, Mikayelyan Tigran
Published: August 2022

Հայաստանի տարածք VIII-XIX դդ. ներթափանցած տարբեր մուսուլման հարստությունների, ցեղախմբերի ներկայացուցիչների հետքերը հանդիսացող արաբատառ վիմագիր արձանագրությունների շարքում (որոնց ճնշող մեծամասնությունը արաբերեն են) կան նաև պարսկերեն արձնագրություններ։ Դրանցից ամենահները Գառնու տաճարի վրա արված գրաֆիտիներն են. ամբողջությամբ պարսկերեն Թավրիզցի Բահրամ քարտաշի նասխ, ինչպես նաև Նուշիրվանի քուֆի գրատեսակով արված գրությունները (ըստ՝ Ա. Խաչատրյանի վերջինս թվագրվում է IX-X դդ.-ով)։ Նուշիրվանի գրությունը արաբերեն է, սակայն պարունակում է պարսկերեն մեկ բառ:
The King of Lesotho and his Contemporary Constitutional Background
Authors: Parashu Dimitrios
Published: August 2022

The Kingdom of Lesotho (the former Basutoland), independent since 1966, celebrates 200 years of its royal dynasty in 2022. Therefore, an analysis of its monarch's constitutional position, based on the current constitutional text of 1993 as amended numerous times afterwards (last - until now - in 2020), seems to be called for. The present analysis focuses on necessary general and genealogy elements as well as the monarch's competences in the legislative, executive and judicative branch of Lesotho, vis-à-vis the respective practical application.
Genügt der Stakeholder-Ansatz dem Werturteilsfreiheitspostulat? Eine wissenschaftstheoretische Analyse
Authors: Hubmann Maximilian
Published: August 2022

Die Betriebswirtschaftslehre wird als eine positive und werturteilsfreie Wissenschaft angesehen. In der Managementtheorie stellen führende Vertreterinnen und Vertreter des Stakeholder-Ansatzes jedoch einen normativ-ethischen Kern in den Vordergrund, in dem ökonomische und ethische Aspekte nicht zu trennen seien. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden unterschiedliche Stakeholder-Ansätze vor dem Hintergrund des modern interpretierten Werturteilsfreiheitspostulates von Max Weber analysiert.
Towards Open Science: The Precariat as a Subject of Scientific Creativity
Authors: Voronina Natalia N. , Feigelman Artem M. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

In this reply to the article by I.T. Kasavin “Creativity as a social phenomenon” the authors discuss the possibilities of the scientific precariat as a free creative class, which having entered the scientific community, will give it a new creative potential. The authors express some doubts that such a merger will preserve precariat's special creative spirit. The article draws attention to the diversity in understanding the nature, goals and values of creativity. The specificity of understanding creativity in the scientific community is due to its rational and methodological guidelines, while the precariat is part of postmodern society, and its creative potential stems from a break with traditional rationalistic methodology. However, as long as peer review remains in the hands of the exclusively institutionalized scientific community, there is a high probability that the creativity of the precariat will be marginalized, and becoming part of the scientific community, the precariat will be forced to accept its epistemic values and lose the creative potential that is expected from them. The authors refer to P. Feyerabend’s theory of creativity, in which he rejects the subject-centered model of scientific creativity. According to Feyerabend, creativity is intersubjective in nature and grows organically from the sociocultural environment of the subject. The scientist creates following a cultural instinct, but the subject does not disappear from the creative process, since the cultural instinct is refracted through his individual style. If creativity is a reflection of the spirit of times, the precariat is the best way to embody it. In conclusion, a way for overcoming the social is outlined and, in a broad sense, the methodological problematic nature of the unification of the scientific community and the precariat, which the authors see in the general democratization and pluralism of society.
On the Perspectives of the Scientific Precariat
Authors: Shibarshina Svetlana V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

This paper is a part of the discussion about creativity and the scientific precariat, initiated by I.T. Kasavin’s article. Proceeding from his proposal to revise the ideology of creativity in science through the desire of certain precariat groups for independence and freedom, the author questions the nowadays perspectives for the scientific precariat. This paper discusses the varieties of the precariat (or related to it phenomena), such as freelancing and digital nomadism. The author considers a number of advantages (independence, freedom) and disadvantages of precarization (lack of stability, uncertainty, lack of social guarantees, etc.). The author questions whether scientists can be seriously considered as candidates for the precariat and how widespread the scientific precariat is in contemporary society. It is pointed out that the collective nature of modern science and its institutionalization impose certain obligations on scientists, which sometimes confront their individual internal aspirations, including the desire for freedom. The tension between the institutional conditions for the existence of science and the personal motives of scientists, noted once by M. Weber, lead to a decrease in personal autonomy, the emergence of a “world of specialists” and make it difficult to realize scientists’ aspirations for independence and freedom. On the one hand, a number of current trends (such as academic mobility) can be viewed as a kind of precarization in science. On the other hand, the status of an independent researcher without research and educational affiliation hinders scientists’ social recognition and financial returns. The author admits that representatives of “garage science”, some public intellectuals, science, communicators, etc. can be attributed to the scientific precariat; however, in general, the scientific precariat is not a common trend. At the same time, modern postscience and post-normal science potentially make this phenomenon quite legitimate.
Has Science Ever Been “Normal”? A Reply to “How is Post-Normal Science Possible?” by Lada Shipovalova
Authors: Varkhotov Taras A. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

The article questions the concept of post-normal science and emphasizes that despite the declarative detachment from social practice and freedom from politics, de facto science has always been social. On the one hand, the scientific community has always been aristocratic. The “classical ethos” of science presupposes openness and equality on conditions that require enormous efforts and self-sacrifice, this equality is beyond the norm, because a “normal” scientist is, as K. Popper noted, mediocrity. On the other hand, scientists at all times have taken an active social position, and the development of science has always been closely intertwined with social practices and the political process, as is well shown by T. Porter, L. Pinto, S. Shapin and S. Schaffer. From this point of view, science has always been post-normal – the “solutions” are always “urgent”, and the corresponding “stakes” are invariably “high”. However, the aristocracy of the scientific ethos and the declarative isolation of the scientific community from policy and politics are of fundamental importance for the reproduction of science, which practically cannot, but is morally obliged to remain outside of them. To help practice, the scientist must be impractical; to create a norm, a scientist must be abnormal.
Main Models of the Temporal Structure of Consciousness
Authors: Zaykova Alina S. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

The paper considers three main models of temporal consciousness proposed in grappling with the “paradox of temporal awareness”. They are based on the notion that there is a basic element of perception in the form of some “mental frame” or “apparent present” which, while effective for describing some perceptual features, does not fully reflect our phenomenal experience. It is argued that a two-level model based on the separation of the “specious present” and “current present” is best correlated with higher-order theories of consciousness and should act as a basis for further development of the temporal model of consciousness.
Intellectual Vices as Implicit Attitudes
Authors: Besedin Artem P. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

The article analyzes an important concept of contemporary virtue epistemology – the concept of intellectual vice, that is a trait of intellectual character that hinders responsible research. The purpose of this article is to formulate a hypothesis that, today, in the modern culture, a significant part of epistemic vices are implicit attitudes. The first part of the article explores the concept of implicit attitude, examines examples of implicit attitudes that have become widespread in the research literature: implicit sexism and racism. The second part of the article shows that in cases of implicitly biased behavior there is a manifestation of epistemic vice, and that the “motivational” theory based on Zagzebski’s ideas cannot explain the manifestation of intellectual vice in cases of implicit bias. In the third section of the article, it is demonstrated that implicit attitudes can be traits of the agent’s character (like moral vices that are not recognized by the subject herself): they can be acquired, rooted in the personality, and can be corrected. The fourth paragraph of the article analyses the conditions under which intellectual vices can be explicit attitudes. It is possible if the agent is a diabolical being (guided by evil as a goal), has egoistic vices (applies different criteria of vice to himself and to others), or is irrational. In the final section, it is shown that the spread of critical thinking in modern society should lead to the transition of intellectual vices from explicit attitudes to implicit ones. The conclusion is made about the theoretical and practical significance of the hypothesis under discussion. From a theoretical point of view, it allows us to explain why intellectual vices are widespread and difficult to eradicate, to place vices as character traits between the local (situational) and global levels, to apply to the concept of epistemic vice all the research concerning implicit attitudes, to develop a theory of epistemic responsibility. In practical terms, this hypothesis can be used to analyze the manifestations of implicit vices in various spheres.
Structures, Objects, and Reality. Part 1
Authors: Terekhovich Vladislav E. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

The focus of the paper is a discussion around one of the versions of scientific realism – ontic structural realism (OSR), which has gained popularity due to the development of quantum field theory. According to OSR, individual objects do not exist as ontological primitives. The ontology of objects and their properties is replaced by the ontology of structures and relations. The paper discusses the arguments of the proponents of OSR, describing it as the only way to preserve scientific realism in general relativity and in quantum physics, which are reduced to mathematical structures with different symmetries. Five possible variants of the ontological relationship between structures and objects are analyzed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the eliminative and non-eliminative versions of OSR. If the former in principle excludes any existence of objects, then in the latter, objects receive their secondary existence due to relations, and their identity is reduced to nodes in the structures of relations. The main objections to OSR and the answers of its proponents are analyzed. It is shown that references to quantum physics are both its strengths and weaknesses of OSR, since they often superficially refer to the formalism of the theory, not accepting one or another of its interpretation. The paper argues the thesis that the extreme eliminative OSR, despite all its advantages (it removes a few objections to scientific realism and offers a good explanation of modern physical theories), has several serious limitations. The best way out of the situation may be the development of the non-eliminative versions of OSR. In conclusion, it provides a critical analysis of one of these versions – moderate OSR of M. Esfeld and V. Lam, who believe that structures should have causal properties, something resembling a disposition.
“The Right to Your City”: A Project of the Epistemological Urban Studies
Authors: Savchenko Irina A. , Kozlova Yulia V. ,   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2022

Within the framework of a new interdisciplinary scientific scientific field – epistemological urbanism – the authors develop the idea of the human right to their city and show the epistemological nature of this right, which is explained by the fact that it is conditioned by the processes of cognition and scientific communication. Three main provisions are substantiated. Firstly, the city is an intelligent system. “The right to your city” is a specific right to scientific and intellectual production and consumption. Such a right is not realized in every locality designated as a city, but only where there are conditions for intellectual dynamics – where art, education and science are developing. Secondly, the intellectual system of the city has autonomy. Each city has its own intellectual resource. Realizing the right to their city, citizens are involved in the activity of the city's scientific and intellectual autonomy. In other words, a city where there are opportunities to realize the “right to the city” generates an autonomous scientific school or a set of scientific schools. Thirdly, cities (we are talking only about those cities where the right to their own city is realizable) how research centers form a scientific network. Not a scientific consortium with common ideas and goals, but a network based on the principles of proliferation. The authors insist on the decentralization of science not for the purpose of its enclavization, but for the purpose of developing the potential, multi-vector and intellectual self-realization of urban communities themselves. It is shown that the development of science as a whole (at the global or state levels) can be ensured by the heterogeneity of science itself (in this case, due to the development of urban universities): integration and differentiation give rise to an integration scientific and communicative process.
A empresa e o ambiente externo
Authors: Marion Filho Pascoal José
Published: August 2022

O economista deve analisar algumas variáveis no ambiente externo à empresa, sendo ele dirigente, membro de equipe ou consultor. Para isso, alguns aspectos do ambiente externo são considerados como, o ambiente na cadeia de produção, o ambiente na indústria, o ambiente doméstico e o ambiente internacional.
A estrutura fundiária no Rio Grande do Sul: uma interpretação do período de 1975 a 1995-1996
Authors: Ilha Adayr da Silva , Silva Nivia Marli da
Published: August 2022

O artigo analisa a estrutura fundiária do Rio Grande do Sul no período de 1975 a 1995-1996, faz uma retrospectiva histórica da formação da pequena e grande propriedade no Estado e identifica os fatores que determinaram as atuais distorções da estrutura fundiária regional. O grau de concentração da estrutura fundiária foi dimensionado através do índice de Gini, que tem a vantagem de expressar, através de um único número, a combinação de duas variáveis: o número de estabelecimentos e a área por eles ocupada, quando se agrupam esses imóveis por classes de tamanho. Pode-se afirmar que a evolução desse índice da estrutura fundiária do Estado, no período de 1975 a 1995-1996, revela que foram reduzidas as alterações ocorridas no período, apresentando, no geral, valores decrescentes, podendo enquadrar-se dentro da faixa de concentração de média a forte.
Reforma agrária no Brasil e a aplicabilidade da proposta do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST): o "Grupo Coletivo Força Jovem” como forma de assentamento - 1997/1998
Authors: Pereira Adriano José , Luceiro Emir Rodrigues
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar, através de um estudo de caso, que tipo de resultados apresenta a proposta de assentamento do MST, comparando um assentamento formado por uma Cooperativa com a realidade produtiva de outros assentamentos e do setor agrícola brasileiro. Conclui-se que a proposta de assentamento em forma de cooperativa apresenta resultados positivos em relação à produção e aos rendimentos dos cooperativados.
A Cúpula do Rio e a Rodada do Milênio da OMC como baliza das relações econômicas internacionais
Authors: Deponti Cidonea Machado
Published: August 2022

Este artigo trata da vinculação entre a Cimeira - reunião dos chefes de Estado e de Governo da União Européia e do Mercosul - e a futura Rodada do Milênio da OMC - III Conferência Ministerial da Organização Mundial do Comércio, buscando salientar os seus objetivos, propostas, resultados e, principalmente, a forma de atuação Rodada do Milênio como baliza das relações econômicasinternacionais.
Investimentos Estrangeiros Diretos (IED´'s) no Brasil a partir do Plano Real: impactos sobre transações correntes (01/1994 à 06/1998)
Authors: Rambo Alaor Inácio
Published: August 2022

O êxito alcançado pelo Plano Real na estabilidade de preços deve-se, em grande parte, à sobrevalorização cambial estabelecida no seu início. Esta política, porém, tem gerado déficits comerciais e correntes, criando uma dependência de influxos de capitais estrangeiros para equilibrar o Balanço de Pagamentos. Segundo discurso oficial do governo, estes capitais gerariam aumento da capacidade produtiva no setor exportador, o que levaria à reversão dos déficits. Nossa análise indica, porém, que há uma tendência ao agravamento destes pois, além dos capitais estrangeiros não gerarem superávits comerciais por serem alocados, em grande parte, em setores que não exportam, é notado um significativo aumento na remessa de lucros e dividendos ao exterior, deteriorando cada vez mais a Balança de Serviços.
Democracia, ciclo econômico e gasto público: algumas considerações sobre o estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Veloso Gilberto de Oliveira
Published: August 2022

A literatura corrente sobre a economia política do déficit público assume a hipótese de que além de fatores econômicos, são determinantes do déficit público fatores de ordens político e institucional tais como mudança de regime institucional, legislação eleitoral e instituições orçamentárias. O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a aplicabilidade dessa hipótese para o caso do estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período compreendido entre os anos de 1964 e 1998. Com a utilização da restrição orçamentária intertemporal do governo e técnicas de raiz unitária e co-integração, testa-se o equilíbrio de longo prazo através da relação entre as variáveis despesa e receita per capita, e estima-se o mecanismo de correção. Conclui-se que a variável de ajuste utilizada pelo governo do estado é a despesa per capita, e que os modelos de grupos de interesses são verificados pelo presente estudo, assim como a influência do sistema político e das instituições fiscais.
Elementos para a análise da situação atual e das perspectivas da agricultura familiar articulada ao complexo do fumo
Authors: Prieb Rita Inês Pauli , Ramos Pedro , Souza Marcelino
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo busca mostrar a situação atual e as perspectivas da agricultura familiar no tocante a sua articulação ao Complexo do Fumo, portanto, circunscreve-se a  especificidade da articulação com as empresas recortando estas relações e desconsiderando os demais elementos que abarcam o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar em seus aspectos mais abrangentes. Para isto, a ênfase é dada nos aspectos da organização institucional das ações da agroindústria fumageira e da organização dos produtores de fumo em folha da Região Sul do Brasil. A metodologia circunscreve-se a análise pormenorizada do desenvolvimento recente do setor, da síntese de um referencial teórico acerca das abordagens sobre complexos agroindustriais, as instituições envolvidas e a formação da Câmara Setorial do Fumo. Na última parte, tecem-se considerações a respeito das perspectivas do setor e, principalmente, das tendências futuras acerca da continuidade da articulação. As principais conclusões são de que neste caso, verifica-se uma pré-existência da  produção familiar na sua forma articulada, bem antes do advento da modernização da agricultura brasileira. Aabordagem neocorporativista, apesar de não totalmente adequada, mostrou-se importante na análise desse complexo, nos interesses em jogo na utilização dos agricultores como massa de manobra na busca de benesses junto ao Estado.
Sustentabilidade: evolução dos conceitos teóricos e os problemas da mensuração prática
Authors: Mikhailova Irina
Published: August 2022

O trabalho visa investigar a evolução dos conceitos de desenvolvimento sustentável e de sustentabilidade, ao longo das últimas duas décadas. A primeira parte do artigo procura descrever as bases teóricas da definição de sustentabilidade analisando os pensamentos de diferentes escolas sobre os problemas ambientais. Em seguida, as questões de indicadores de sustentabilidade e da mensuração de desenvolvimento sustentável foram consideradas inclusive o caso do Brasil. Em conclusão nós levantamos os problemas da sustentabilidade regional e local e apresentamos algumas generalizações críticas sobre assunto do trabalho.
Términos de intercambio y pauta comercial en la economía brasileña, 1973-2003
Authors: Rondinel Ricardo , Froeming Natalia
Published: August 2022

Este artículo está estructurado en dos secciones. En la primera sección, son tratados los aspectos metodológicos del trabajo, como las definiciones de TIL, TIB y PCX. Los datos primarios usados en la investigación fueron colectados en la FUNCEX (Fundación Centro de Estudios del Comercio Exterior) y se refieren a índices de precios y quantum de las exportaciones e importaciones con datos mensuales de 1974 a 2003, clasificadas por categorías de uso y por sectores de la economía, de acuerdo con clasificación del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE). En la segunda sección, se presenta el análisis de los datos y resultados de la investigación sobre términos del intercambio y poder de compra de las exportaciones. La principal conclusión es que durante el periodo de la investigación hubo un deterioro medio de 9% en los TIL. Pero a pesar de eso, hubo un gran esfuerzo exportador del país y los TIB mejoraron en media 138%, o sea hubo un gran esfuerzo exportador en el país. Gracias a este esfuerzo exportador el PCX también mejoró en media en 153%. Algo parecido ocurrió en otros países que pasaron situaciones semejantes a la brasileña.