bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uusia mahdollisuuksia päästä opiskelemaan
Authors: Suikkanen Asko , Viinamäki Leena
Published: October 2020

Artikkelin julkaisutilanteessa Suomessa on ennätykselliset 400 000 työtöntä. Lapin yliopistossa on tutkittu vuodesta 1989 toteutettua työttömien henkilöiden koulutusta koskevaa kokeiluprojektia Opiskelu on työtä. Kolme vuotta projektin käynnistämisen jälkeen alustavia tuloksia alkaa olla käytettävissä. Artikkelissa selostetaan projektia ja sen taustaa sekä tässä vaiheessa käytettävissä olevia tuloksia.
Koulutus, kustannus vai investointi?
Authors: Raivola Reijo
Published: October 2020

Kaikkien koulutuksen taloustieteen analyysimenetelmien taustalla on olettamus tuotantofunktiosta/funktioista. Kasvatuksen tuotantofunktioiden arvioinneista saadut tulokset ovat vielä epätyydyttäviä. Se on johtanut siihen, että tuotantofunktion käsitettä on käytetty jonkinlaisena hallinnollisten resurssointi- ja kohdentamispäätösten oikeuttajana. Koulutustoimintojen resurssointiin saatetaankin käyttää yleisiä taloustieteellisiä perusteluja, kuten kustannus/tehokkuus -ajattelua. Tämän yleisen kaavan soveltaminen saattaa kuitenkin johtaa onnettomiin juustohöyläpäätöksiin, joissa ei ymmärretä supistuvien toimintojen erityisluonnetta, ts. alan erityisiä tuotantofunktioita. Taloustieteen teorioiden yhdistäminen kasvatustieteelliseen, psykologiseen ja sosiologiseen käsitteenmuodostukseen saattaa kuitenkin antaa uusia mahdollisuuksia kasvatuksen tuotantofunktion avaamiseen.
Kognitiivinen työpajatyöskentely
Authors: De Bruijn H. F. M.
Published: October 2020

Kun verrataan nykyisiä aikuiskasvatuksen teorioita Collinsin, Brownin ja Newmanin (1989) esittämään kognitiivisen työpajatyöskentelyn lähestymistapaan, käyvät eräät yhtäläisyydet ilmeisiksi. Näitä yhtäläisyyksiä havaitaan suhteessa opetussisältöön, menetelmiin, etenemisjärjestykseen ja oppimisprosessin sosiologisiin ja sosiaalisiin tekijöihin. Kognitiivisen työpajatyöskentelyn lähestymistapa soveltuu aikuisille suunnattavan tietokoneavusteisen opetuksen kehittämiseen sekä edistää tutkimusta, jossa pyritään selvittämään tietokoneavusteisen oppimisen säännönmukaisuuksia.
Siirtymätila aikuiskoulutuksen itseymmärryksen välineenä
Authors: Filander Karin
Published: October 2020

Artikkelin lähtökohtana on huomio, jonka mukaan aikuiskoulutukseen erikoistuneet yksiköt joutuvat tarkentamaan omaa suhdettaan työelämän muutokseen. Roolipohdinnoissa tarvitaan itseymmärryksen välineitä. Artikkelissa rinnastetaan kaksi mahdollista lähtökohtaa koulutustoiminnalle, joista toinen hakee läheistä suhdetta kehittämiseen. Toinen alustavasti hahmoteltu toimintakehys voidaan löytää siirtymätilatarkastelun avulla. Artikkelin mukaan on aikuiskoulutusta hahmotettu harvemmin tilana, jonka aikana luodaan tiedon ja toiminnan uudelleenrakenteistumisen edellytyksiä. Aikuiskoulutustoimintaa voidaan arvioida myös uuden tiedon tuottamisen mahdollistavana verkostona, joka syntyy siirtymätilassa rakennettavien yhteistyörakenteiden avulla. Artikkelin tarkoituksena on virittää aikuiskoulutuksen suunnittelijat, toteuttajat ja tutkijat pohtimaan toimintamuodon rajoitusten lisäksi myös sen mahdollisuuksia.
Suomalaisen kasvatustutkimuksen kvalitatiivinen menetelmäkirjallisuus
Authors: Suoranta Juha
Published: October 2020

Laadullisen tutkimuksen menetelmäkirjallisuudessa ei ohjata riittävästi kootun aineiston analyysiin, tulkintojentekoon ja arviointiperusteisiin. Saatavilla oleva suomenkielinen menetelmätieto on lisäksi palasina ja hahmotelmina. ”Kokonaisesitys puuttuu edelleen”, Juha Suoranta toteaa laadullisen tutkimuksen suomenkielisen kirjallisuuden arviossaan.
Eurooppalaista aikuiskasvatuspolitiikkaa etsimässä
Authors: Pantzar Eero
Published: October 2020

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan Euroopan yhteisön jäsenmaiden kansallisia aikuiskoulutuspolitiikan suuntia ja suosituksia. Yhteisön 1990-luvun aikuiskoulutuspolitiikan päälinjoiksi. Vertailevan aikuiskasvatuksen alueelle sijoittuvassa artikkelissa arvioidaan myös suomalaista aikuiskasvatusta eurooppalaisesta näkökulmasta. Aikuiskasvatuksen kasvava merkitys on oivallettu koko EY:n alueella. Levottoman maanosan monikasvoisen, kansallisiin ratkaisuihin voimakkaasti tukeutuvan aikuiskasvatuksen johtaminen yhteisen aikuiskoulutuspolitiikan alle näyttää mahdottomalta. Siihen ei näytä myöskään pyrittävän. Enemmänkin on kysymys sivistyksellisen tasa-arvon laajasta eurooppalaisesta tulkinnasta ja jäsenmaiden velvoittamisesta suuntaa edistävän politiikan taakse. Vertailussa muun Euroopan kanssa suomalainen aikuiskasvatus ja aikuiskoulutuspolitiikka näyttävät menestyvän hyvin.
Arvojen muutos ja moraalikasvatus
Authors: Niiniluoto Ilkka
Published: October 2020

Arvomaailman muutoksella voidaan tarkoittaa monia eri asioita: arvojärjestelmät tulevat hajanaisiksi ja ristiriitaisiksi, arvon lajien keskinäiset painosuhteet muuttuvat, kovat arvot saavat kannatusta, arvojen sitovuus löystyy, moraaliset arvot häviävät. Kaikkia näitä ilmiöitä on havaittavissa nykyisessä arvojen kriisissä, jonka ytimenä ei ole paljon puhuttu "arvotyhjiö", vaan pikemminkin arvojen tarjonnan runsaus, hajanaisuus, odottamattomat tilanteet, opportunismi ja moraalinen nihilismi. Hämmentävä tilanne antaa uusia haasteita koulujen ja kotien moraalikasvatukselle, jossa tulisi yhdistää järkevä valistaminen ja oikeiden tunteiden herättäminen. Toinen ajankohtainen tehtävä on ammattietiikan kytkeminen aikuiskoulutukseen.
Ensin urakka – sitten etiikka?
Authors: Parjanen Matti
Published: October 2020

Makrotason arvokeskusteluun voidaan soveltaa A. Etzionin sosiologista teoriaa, jossa etsitään riippuvuutta arvoyksimielisyyden ja kontrollin välillä. Tuloksena on neljä erilaista yhteiskuntatyyppiä, joista eräs on "aktiivinen yhteiskunta". Tällaisessa responsiivisessa yhteiskunnassa esiintyy samanaikaisesti spontaania arvoyksimielisyyttä, mutta myös vahvaa kontrollia ja suunnittelua. Arvokeskusteluun kuuluu myös pohdinta julkisten ja yksityisten arvojen ristiriidasta ja aikajärjestyksestä. Suomalaiselle työelämälle ominainen arvo on "pärjäämisen pakko". Perustuuko suomalainen koulutusideologia samanlaiseen arvoon? Uhraako jopa vapaa kansansivistystyö toimintansa tälle selviämisen, pärjäämisen ja kunnian säilymisen alttarille? Tuleeko oppilaitoksista "taseopistoja"? Näihin kysymyksiin kirjoittaja vastaa: "Arvoinvalidit ovat tämän päivän huollettavia! Taseurakkaansa liimautunut, mutta vastuuntuntoinen aikuiskoulutus ei saisi heitä unohtaa koulutuspolitiikassaan. Koulutuksen olisi oltava sillä tavalla responsiivinen, että urakka ja etiikka kulkisivat rinta rinnan."
Aikuiskoulutuksen uudet metodit ja koulutuksellinen tasa-arvo
Authors: Alkio Olavi
Published: October 2020

Tasa-arvo on ollut perinteisesti aikuiskoulutuksen perustavoite. Koulutuksellinen tasa-arvo ei ole kuitenkaan itsestäänselvyys, vaan monitahoinen ja -tasoinen olotila, jonka saavuttamiseksi on erilaisia asteita. Uusi teknologia luo sekä mahdollisuuksia että esittäytyy uhkakuvana. Uhka se on silloin, kun se luo uusia taloudellisia ja sosiaalisia kynnyksiä ja edesauttaa koulutuksellisesti etuoikeutettuja synnyttämään entistä suurempaa etumatkaa vähemmän koulutusta saaneisiin nähden. Artikkeli erittelee yksilökeskeisen yhteiskunnan piirteitä sekä demokratiaa aikuiskasvatuksen haasteena. Uutta teknologiaa esitellään tasa-arvon uhkana, mutta ennen muuta mahdollisuutena.
Ensi vuosisadan etäopetuksesta
Authors: Vaherva Tapio
Published: October 2020

International Council for Distance Education on merkittävä kansainvälinen etäopetusjärjestö, joka vuodesta 1988 lähtien on pitänyt päämajaansa Oslossa. Järjestöllä on sekä yhdistys- että yksityisiä jäseniä lähes sadassa maassa. Ikää järjestöllä on jo 54 vuotta. ICDE:n 16. maailmankonferenssi järjestettiin Bangkokissa, Thaimassa 8.–13.11.1992. Seuraavassa kaksi suomalaista osanottajaa, apulaisprofessori Tapio Vaherva ja opetusneuvos Ritva Jakku-Sihvonen arvioivat konferenssin merkitystä Suomen etäopetukselle. - Konferenssin teemana oli 21. vuosisadan etäopetus (”Distance Education for the Twenty-First Century”).
Ajankohtaista
Authors: Toimituskunta
Published: October 2020

Kansalaisopistot ovat sivistyspoliittisia vastuunkantajia ; Vapaan sivistystyön lainsäädäntö uudistuu ; Yliopistot avaavat oviaan ; Aikuisten kielitaitotutkinnot uudelle pohjalle ; Aikuisten oppimisen uudet muodot ; Aikuiskasvatus sidottuna laitoksena
Laadun arviointi yliopistollisessa täydennyskoulutuksessa
Authors: Hämäläinen Kauko
Published: October 2020

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan, miksi koulutustoimintaa on arvioitu, mitä koulutuksen laadulla voidaan ylipäätään tarkoittaa ja mihin laadun arviointi kohdistuu. Kirjoittaja esittää erilaisia näkökulmia koulutuksen laadun arviointiin. Vaikka joitakin laadun alueita voidaan mitata määrällisesti, on turvauduttava myös laadullisiin arviointeihin. Kirjoittaja muistuttaa myös Demingin esittämästä ajatuksesta: meidän tulisi luopua myytistä, jonka mukaan kaikki tärkeä toiminta pitäisi olla mitattavissa.
Jatkuva oppiminen
Authors: Poikela Esa
Published: October 2020

Aikuiskoulutusta koskevassa keskustelussa on Suomessa suhteellisen lyhyen ajan kuluessa käyty läpi kolme toisistaan laadullisesti eroavaa vaihetta.
1970-luvulla vanhan kansansivistysopin läpi murtautui työn ja koulutuksen ristisiitoksena syntynyt koulutusteknologinen ajattelutapa, jonka mukaan tietoa pyrittiin tehokkaasti paketoimaan sitä tarvitseville.
1980-luvulla puhe koulutusteknologiasta vaimeni ja sen sijaan alettiin keskustella (myös kokeilla käytännössä) kognitiiviseen kurssididaktiikkaan ja toiminnan teorian didaktisiin sovelluksiin perustuvien mallien pohjalta. Rajaa vedettiin ennen muuta behavioristisen ja kognitiivisen oppimiskäsityksen välille. Ongelmaksi jäi kuitenkin kumpaankin käsitykseen sisältyvän hallinnollisen ja didaktisen rationalismin ylittäminen, jopa siinä määrin, että kriittisimmät arvostelijat pitävät kognitiivista didaktiikkaa pelkkänä koulutusteknologian laajentamisena.
1990-luvun keskustelun fokuksessa on elinikäinen kasvatus ja oppiminen, jota sävyttävät yhtäältä yksilön oppimiskyvyn psykologiset lähtökohdat ja toisaalta oppimista sääntelevät rakenteelliset, kulttuuriset, sosiaaliset ja toiminnalliset reunaehdot. Toiminnallinen suhde, jossa kokemus nähdään oppimisen perustana ja konteksti oppimisen suuntajana, on nousemassa uudella tavalla kasvatustieteellisten pohdintojen keskiöön.
Generatiivisuus Eriksonin kehitysvaiheteoriassa
Authors: Alanen Aulis
Published: October 2020

Generatiivisuus on Erik H. Eriksonin elämänkaariteorian avainkäsite. Tähän käsitteeseen sisältyy, sanoo Erikson itse, koko se kehitys joka on tehnyt ihmisestä ei vain oppivan vaan myös opettavan eläimen. Aikuisuudessa kehittyvä generatiivisuus, välin pitäminen seuraavasta sukupolvesta ja koko yhteisöstä, on Eriksonin mukaan linkki, joka yhdistää yksilön elämänkaaren ja sukupolvien syklin yhteisössä samanaikaisesti elävien sukupolvien vuorovaikutuksen ja eri-ikäisten toisiinsa limittyvän kehittymisen. Yhteisön arvot ja rakenteet muotoutuvat sukupolvien vuorovaikutuksessa ja säätelevät vastavuoroisesti yksilön kehittymistä.
Kirjoittajaa on erityisesti kiinnostanut millä ehdoilla aikuisen tuottava ja luova toiminta ovat Eriksonin tarkoittamassa mielessä generatiivista. Valaisua tähän kysymykseen antaa mm. tutkielma, jossa Erikson analysoi teoriansa läpi Ingmar Bergmanin elokuvaa Mansikkapaikka.
Kirjoittaja katsoo että Eriksonin teoria tunkeutuu muita tunnettuja elämänkaaren jäsentelyjä syvemmälle ihmisen kehittymisen olemukseen, ja ihmettelee että teorian ytimeen, sukupolvien sykliin ja generatiivisuuteen, on arvioinneissa kiinnitetty niin vähän huomiota. Aikuiskasvatuksen kannalta on erityisen kiinnostavaa että Eriksonin näkemys kasvatuksesta generatiivisuuden toteuttamisena vastaa elinikäisen kasvatuksen humanistista ideaa.
Effect Of Nutritional Status On Object Ability Of Children's Object Controls Aged 5 To 6 Years
Authors: Putri Lucy Pratama , Septri Septri , Zumroni Zumroni , Oktarifaldi Oktarifaldi , Syahputra Risky , Marta Ibnu Andli , Bakthiar Syahrial , Nata Anggri Dwi
Published: October 2020

Low basic mobility skills in children aged 5 to 6 years in the 2x11 Kayu Tanam sub-district are difficult. Whereas this basic movement skill is the initial foundation in realizing more complex movements in the future, such as physical activity and more specific sports activities. Basic motion skills are divided into two, the ability of object control and locomotor. One aspect that supports basic movement skills is nutritional status. This study aims to determine the effect of nutritional status on the ability of object control children aged 5 to 6 years in 2x11 Kayu Tanam District. The research method used is simple linear regression. The population in this study were children aged 5 to 6 years and samples were taken by random sampling with a total of 83 children. Nutrition status data is obtained through height and weight measurements and the ability of the control object using the TGMD-2 instrument. The results showed that there was an influence of nutritional status on the ability of object control children aged 5 to 5 years in 2x11 Kayu Tanam District with sig 0,000 <?= 0.05 and the effect of 24.3%.
Sports Motivation Survey And Physical Activity Students Of Sport Education Teacher Training And Education Faculty FKIP Muhammadiyah University Surakarta
Authors: Jariono Gatot , Subekti Nur
Published: October 2020

This study reveals the motivation to exercise and physical activity of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order. This study aims to explore the perceptions, strategies, and challenges of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order in having the motivation to exercise and perform physical activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. This case study uses quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data using questionnaires and qualitative data obtained through interactive interviews using google forms. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequencies through Excel Microsoft 2013 and qualitative data were analyzed through interactive thematic data analysis. The results showed that (i) the sports motivation of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order was in a good category or 61.21%, (ii) The physical activity of UMS POR students in the COVID 19 new order was in a good category or was 71.03%. This study recommends that the more frequent physical activity students maintain their physical quality, this must be balanced with sports motivation that is qualified in the COVID 19 new order.
Learning Model Of Dribbling Futsal Ball Game Based For Junior High School Students
Authors: Setia Cahya , Cahyadi Ardian
Published: October 2020

This research research and development aims to produce a Learning model of dribbling futsal ball game-based for junior high school students. In addition, this research and development is carried out to obtain in depth information about development and application of Futsal herding models for junior high school student and to find out the effectiveness, efficiency, also attractiveness of children to models created. This study uses Research & Development (R & D) development research method from Borg and Gall. The subjects in this research and development were junior high school students consisting of 60 children. The instruments used were questionnaires, questionnaires, and futsal dribbling test instruments used to collect volleyball bottom service data for junior high school aged student, while the stages in this research and development were: (1) needs analysis, (2) expert evaluation (initial product evaluation); (3) limited trials (small group trials); and (4) main testing (field testing). The model effectiveness test uses the futsal ball dribbling skill to determine the level of ability to dribble a futsal ball for junior high school age before giving a treatment in the form of a dribbling model developed and to determine the level of ability to dribble after the dribbling model treatment or treatments developed, from the initial tests performed dribbling a student ball of 750, Based on the development results, it can be concluded that: (1) By futsal dribbling learning model for junior high school age, it can be developed and applied in physical education learning at school (2) By futsal dribbling learning model for junior high school age that has been developed, evidence of an increase is obtained. This is shown in the testing results from pretest and posttest data that there is a significant difference between before and after the treatment model.
Development Fundamental Movement Learning Model Based On Team Games Tournament (TGT) For Elementary School Children
Authors: Fahrudin Fahrudin , Asmawi Moch , Dlis Firmansyah , Gustiawati Resty
Published: October 2020

This study aims to develop a fundamental basic motion model based on the Team Games Tournament (TGT) for elementary school children. This study uses a research approach development of Research and Development (R&D) research and development model Borg and Gall. Development of a fundamental Motion Learning Model that will be developed in accordance with the characteristics of children aged 6-12 years who are at the elementary school level.The data collection technique starts from the analysis of the need for the development of fundamental basic movements, the making of initial product drafts, expert validation, product improvement, small-scale trials, first revisions, field trials, second revisions, final fundamental basic motion learning model product results. The research sample in the needs analysis of 10 respondents (teachers of Physical Education, Sports and Health) with the generalization results that70% of respondents said they needed the development of a TGT-based fundamental motion learning model and were willing to use basic motion development models to improve children's fundamental basic movement mastery. Then testing the development of the fundamental-based motion learning model Team Games Tournament (TGT)in the small-scale trial, there were 30 students at SDN Kalangsurya III, Rengasdengklok District and 10 students in the main field test at SDIT Salman Al-Farisy and SDN Kalangsari III, Rengasdengklok District. All forms of obstacles in the trial of the development of the TGT-based fundamental motion learning model and practitioners' input have been revised for the sake of product development perfection. Thus the development of a fundamental based motion learning model Team Games Tournament (TGT) for elementary school children it is declared fit for use in the learning process of Physical Education, Sports and Health in primary schools in accordance with the material in related basic competencies.
Pemanfaatan Media Teknologi Informasi dalam Penyelenggaraan Penyuluhan Perikanan (Kasus Penyuluh Perikanan Kabupaten Tabanan Provinsi Bali)
Authors: Ratnadila Nila Sylvi , Taryoto Andin H , Leilani Ani
Published: October 2020

Proses pembelajaran adalah salah satu komponen utama dari kegiatan Penyuluhan. Maka penting bagi penyuluh untuk memberikan informasi yang tepat kepada target penyuluh. Teknologi dan informasi adalah dua elemen utama yang mendukung kegiatan penyuluhan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi penerapan dari teknologi informasi oleh penyuluh. Penelitian ini pada dasarnya merupakan kualitatif dan deskriptif. Data dan informasi yang dikumpulkan khususnya dengan observasi dan mengisi kuesioner. Lokasi penelitian adalah Kabupaten Tabanan, Bali. Ditemukan bahwa penyuluh perikanan menerapkan media teknologi informasi dalam melaksanakan kegiatan mereka; tiga media utama yang paling banyak digunakan untuk penyuluhan adalah internet, media cetak, dan cyber extension.
Adopsi Inovasi Probiotik pada Kolam Dempond Pendederan Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) di Kelompok “Mina Pojok Jaya” Kecamatan Subang
Authors: Nursahla Nursahla , Yuniarti Tatty , Maryuto Herry , Sutarso Dedi
Published: October 2020

Budidaya ikan mas merupakan salah satu kegiatan unggulan perikanan di Kecamatan Subang. Produksi budidaya tersebut dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan probiotik. Penyuluhan merupakan cara dalam rangka untuk menginformasikan teknologi baru seperti probiotik sehingga sasaran dapat mengadopsi teknologi baru tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) Melakukan penyuluhan dan mengevaluasi kemampuan adopsi inovasi teknologi probiotik pada pendederan ikan mas, (2) membandingkan tingkat produksi pendederan ikan mas menggunakan probiotik dan pendederan ikan mas tanpa menggunakan probiotik. Penelitian adopsi inovasi ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Subang, kelurahan Sukamelang dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 10 orang yang ada di Kelompok Mina Pojok Jaya. Penelitian adopsi inovasi ini menggunakan perlakuan probiotik atau suplemen, yaitu probiotik viterna plus yang diaplikasikan di dalam pakan untuk diberikan pada ikan mas sebagai suplemen penambah nafsu makan ikan sehingga dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan ikan mas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan adopsi inovasi ini dapat meningkatkan produksi pembudidaya dengan jumlah tebar yang sama yaitu 1.000.000 ekor larva memiliki jumlah produksi yang berbeda yaitu yang menggunakan probiotik yaitu menghasilkan produksi sebanyak 2.000 kg sedangkan yang tidak menggunakan probiotik produksi yang dihasilkan hanya 1.500 kg. Terdapat 40% dari jumlah sasaran yang sudah mulai menerapkan inovasi yang telah diberikan pada minggu terakhir kegiatan dempond dilakukan.
Aspek Biologi Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis, Linnaeus 1758) di Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Diningrum Tyas Dwi Bekti , Triyono Heri , Jabbar Meuthia Aula
Published: October 2020

Penelitian dilakukan bulan Maret hingga Mei 2019 di Perairan Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek biologi ikan cakalang yang meliputi hubungan panjang-bobot, sex ratio, Tingkat Kematangan Gonad (TKG), Lc, Lm serta mengetahui daerah penangkapan dan musim penangkapan ikan cakalang. Metode yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling untuk penentuan responden yang diwawancarai, metode simple random sampling untuk menentukan ikan contoh. Perhitungan Lc menggunakan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan panjang berat ikan cakalang jantan besifat isometrik dengan persamaan W= 0,0189L3, sedangkan pola pertumbuhan cakalang betina bersifat alometrik negatif dengan persamaan W = 2,83L1,69. Nisbah kelamin didominasi oleh Jantan dengan perbandingan 1 : 0,4. Tingkat Kematangan Gonad didominasi oleh ikan immature (TKG I dan II). Didapatkan Lm = 47,73 cm (34,10 – 66,78). Lc < Lm pada alat tangkap purse seine dan Lc > Lm pada alat tangkap pancing tonda dan huhate. Cakalang paling banyak tertangkap di Laut Banda pada musim barat (September-Februari) dan di Teluk Bone saat musim timur (Maret-Agustus). Sumberdaya perikanan cakalang diindikasi mengalami overfishing dilihat dari banyaknya ikan immature yang tertangkap dan nilai Lc (purse seine) yang lebih kecil dari pada Lm nya. Penulis merekomendasikan agar nelayan beralih alat tangkap dari purse seine ke pancing tonda atau huhate.
Economic burden of insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits in Russia
Authors: Mukaneeva D. K. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Karamnova N. S. , Myrzamatova A. O. , Khudyakov M. B. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: October 2020

Unhealthy diet is associated with high morbidity and mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which in turn are associated with high economic costs. A significant proportion of these costs is attributed to insufficient fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet worldwide with large country-to-country variation warranting research in various settings including Russia. The aim: to assess the economic burden of insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables in Russia in 2016 due to their contribution to the development of major NCDs. Methods: The calculation was made using population attributive risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer from meta-analyses and the data on the prevalence of fruits and vegetables consumption and the abovementioned diseases in the Russian population. The economic costs from the main NCDs were calculated using the human capital method. The share of health care system costs and economic losses due to morbidity and mortality from NCDs associated with fruits and vegetables underconsumption was assessed. Results: The contribution of insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables to the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease and stroke were 5 % each (95 % CI: 3.0-6.2), 5% (95 % CI: 3.7-6.2) and 10 % (95 % CI: 4.9-15.9), respectively. Corresponding proportions for lung cancer was 8.9 % (95 % CI: 3.7-14.4). The economic burden associated with this risk factor, amounted more than 134 billion rubles (95 % CI: 78.8-173.3 billion rubles), 0.16 % of GDP of the Russian Federation in 2016. Indirect losses due to premature mortality (86 %) prevailed in the structure of the economic burden. Conclusions: The high prevalence of fruits and vegetables underconsumption in Russia and its significant contribution to the morbidity and mortality from NCDs are associated with significant economic costs from this risk factor.
Quality of life of the russian navy in the Arctic: an assessment using international methodology
Authors: Dybin A. S. , Svetlichnaya T. G. , Menshikova L. I.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to apply international methodology to study quality of life of the Russian Navy serving in the Arctic with the further going aim of development of health promotion and disease prevention programs. Methods: In total, 250 contract servicemen of the Russian Navy, serving at the White Sea Naval Base took part in a cross-sectional survey. Quality of life was studied using a short version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Numeric data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test or unpaired Student's t-test depending on data distribution. Results: The overall quality of life score was 100.98 points or 77.68 % of the maximum possible value. The lowest values were registered in area 4 "Social welfare" - 28.93 points (72.33 % of the maximum possible value). Detailed results are presented in the main text. Statistically significant differences were observed between quality of life by sailors and foremen in comparison with junior (t = -3.339, p = 0.001) and senior (U = 1875, p = 0.038) officers, warrant officers in comparison with junior officers (t = -2.785, p = 0.006). The risk factors that negatively affected the health of servicemen included limited opportunities for recovery, dissatisfaction with financial situation and limited access to high-quality medical care. An algorithm for the practical application of the WHO quality of life questionnaire in the development of organizational and managerial measures for the primary prevention of diseases in servicemen in the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation was developed. Conclusions. The study showed the average quality of life of the servicemen at the White Sea Naval Base. The lowest scores were registered for the social well-being domain. The use of the results of measurement and assessment of the quality of life in the development of programs for the prevention of diseases of military personnel in the Arctic territories makes it possible to identify significant socio-medical risk factors, which can serve as a basis for making organizational and managerial decisions aimed at improving the quality of life and preparedness of the Russian Navy in the Arctic territories.
Temporal variations in mortality from the main causes of death in 20142018 in Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous district-UGRA (Western Siberia)
Authors: Ragozin O. N. , Shalamova E. Yu. , Kicha D. I. , Gudkov A. B. , Popova O. N. , Chursina I. I.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this work is to analyze the temporal variations in mortality from the main groups of diseases and external causes in the period 2014-2018 in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra (Western Siberia). Methods. Data on mortality wereobtained from the Medical Information and Analytical Center in Khanty-Mansiysk. To test the hypothesis about cyclic variations in mortality, wavelet analysis was applied. Results. Fluctuations in death rates from infectious diseases, neoplasms, mental disorders, diseases of the nervous system and circulatory system, pathology of the digestive system appeared to have a significant circannual rhythm. For diseases of the endocrine system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal and genitourinary system, circannualpattern of mortality was not observed. Mortality from socially significant diseases demonstrate two-year, annual and intra-annual rhythms. Significant rhythms of mortality from injuries with a six-month (p = 0.012) and near-annual (p = 0.045) periods may have an exogenous nature, while circaseptan activity (p = 0.055) seems to have a social genesis. Fluctuations in mortality from suicide occur in near-annual (p = 0.002) and semi-annual (p = 0.068) rhythms. Temporal variations of road traffic accidents are characterized by insignificant six-month and two-week rhythms. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that mortality in the study areahas various duration and number of periods of rhythms, low-energy rhythmic activity with pronounced inter-seasonal and day-to-day fluctuations in weather factors, a changed photoperiodic regime, and seasonal exacerbations of endemic zoonoses against the background of constant exposure to unmodified risk factors for the development of diseases presented in this paper.
Perbedaan Pengaruh Konseling Dan Penyuluhan Permasalahan Menyusui Terhadap Pengetahuan, Motivasi, Dan Kemampuan Menyusui Selama Satu Bulan Pertama Pasca Persalinan
Authors: Marta Dewi , Natalia Ari , Tamtono Didik
Published: October 2020

Permasalahan menyusui umumnya menjadi penyebab dihentikannya pemberian ASI (AirSusu Ibu), durasi pemberian ASI menjadi lebih singkat dan secara dini dilakukan upaya untuk menggantikanatau memberikan suplementasi menggunakan susu formula atau Makanan Pendamping ASI (MPASI). Berdasarkan  studi  terdahulu,  pendidikan  kesehatan  yang  dilakukan  dengan  pendekatan  tertentu  ternyata mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, kemampuan menyusui dan kepercayaan diri ibu dalam memberikan ASI pada bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh dari dilakukannya konseling dan penyuluhan mengenai permasalahan menyusui yang dilakukan saat trimester akhir kehamilan terhadap pengetahuan, motivasi, dan kemampuan menyusui selama satu bulan pertama pasca persalinan.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mojolangu dan Puskesmas Kendalkerep mulai darikurun  waktu  Desember   2013   –  April  2014.  Rancangan  penelitian  yang  dipakai  adalah  penelitian eksperimental  dengan   membagi  sampel   ke  dalam  dua   kelompok  perlakuan,   yaitu   kelompok  yang mendapatkan konseling melalui kunjungan rumah dan kelompok penyuluhan yang terdiri dari masing-masing jumlah responden 23 orang. Penelitian melakukan penilaian hasil kuesioner pretest dan posttest mengenai pengetahuan dan motivasi menyusui serta pengamatan/observasi langsung kemampuan menyusuinya dengan praktik menyusui. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji t-test dan uji Mann-Whitney (univariat dan bivariat), serta analisis multivariat menggunakan ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance).Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik konseling maupun penyuluhan mengenai permasalahan menyusui yang diberikan pada trimester akhir kehamilan secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan menyusui selama  satu  bulan pertama  pasca persalinan dengan nilai p  =  0,000  (p <  0,05). Namun,  jika dibandingkan antara konseling dan penyuluhan maka diantara keduanya tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna. Sedangkan terkait motivasi menyusui dan kemampuan menyusui tidak didapatkan perbedaan pengaruh pada kedua kelompok perlakuan secara signifikan. Walaupun dari hasil rerata nilai, tampak bahwa rerata nilai motivasi dan observasi kemampuan menyusui pada kelompok konseling lebih baik daripada kelompok penyuluhan.
Peran Gender Dan Interval Puasa Pada Profil Lipid Tikus Wistar Dengan Diet Atherogenik
Authors: Triliana Rahma , Airlangga Hardadi
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Atherogenic diet can induced.hyperlipidemia leading to abnormal lipid profile. Time restricted feeding is proposed as treatment for hyperlipidemia. However, the effect of gender and which type of time-restricted feeding is the best to alter lipid profile is unknown.Method: The study was conducted in female and male wistar rats which was devided into 5 groups, Negative Control (KN, n=8), Positive Control (KP, n=8), Daily restricted group (KRam, n=8), alternate restricted group (KDaud, n=8) and Monday-Thursday restricted group (KSeKa, n=8) respectively. Atherogenic diet were administrated for six weeks followed by 4 weeks of time-restricted feeding. At 15 weeks of age, all rats were humanely culled and serum samples were collected for analyses. Lipid profile were assesed using spectrophotometry and analysed using two way Anova followed by post hoc LSD and p < 0.05 is considered as statiscally significant.Results: Gender and time restricted feeding affects serum total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels while gender influenced HDL and time restricted feeding influenced LDL levels. Both gender and time restricted feeding did not altered trigliseride level. Interestingly, no significant differences were found in lipid profile of KN vs KP in male or female group. Time restricted feeding had no significant effect in male but significant effect on female with higher, undesireable lipid profile.Conclusion: Atherogenic diets did not lipid profile in male or female rats, but higher lipid profile were observed in female with atherogenic diet. Time restricted feeding has gender related effect cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol level, but no gender effect on LDL. HDL is solely dependent on gender and not affected by atherogenic diet or time restricted feeding.
Bacillus cereus & Bacillus pumilus Harvested from a Copper Roof Inhibit the Growth of Other Microorganisms
Authors: Stiller Alison , Fink Ashley , Mitchell David
Published: October 2020

Bacteria growing under the effects of unique selective pressures have distinct adaptations allowing them to survive. Copper surfaces present challenges for bacterial survival because ions dissolve from the surfaces and disrupt cell membranes, thus inhibiting bacterial growth. In this study, the copper roof of Simons Hall in Collegeville, Minnesota was sampled for bacterial species during November 2018. Bacteria were isolated and grown in culture, and zones of inhibition were identified surrounding three of the bacterial colonies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify two of the bacteria samples as Bacillus cereus and a third sample as Bacillus pumilus. Bacilli are large, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacteria commonly found in diverse environments. They are endospore-forming aerobes or facultative anaerobes. Initial experiments indicated that all three Bacillus strains had the ability to inhibit the growth of three environmental microorganisms. Results from growth curve experiments depicted inhibitory effects on environmental microorganisms at all stages of the growth curve, which is contrary to the prediction that the inhibitory behavior would appear at one specific period of the growth curve. Additional experiments involved plating isolates of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus pumilus with laboratory samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes to further understand the effectiveness of B. cereus and B. pumilus at inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms. These findings support previous studies and suggest that Bacillus are capable of inhibiting or killing other organisms. Further research will be conducted to illuminate the inhibitory mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic possibilities.
KEYWORDS: Bacteria; Copper; Resistance; Growth Curve; Inhibition; Bacillus; Bacteriocin; Antimicrobial Peptides
Development, Validity and Reliability of Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI)
Authors: Len Nasir , Madihie Amalia , Mohamad Yusoff Salmah
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the validity and reliability of Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI) which focusing on the resilience of adolescents with behavioural problems. CTI is developed based on Cognitive Theory and the Sidek Module Development Model. The CTI has eight interventions. The CTI manuscript was distributed to five content experts to determine intervention’s validity.  The finding shows that the validity index 0.87 was obtained.  Meanwhile, thirty two adolescents were selected to measure the reliability of each intervention by evaluating the objectives in each intervention session. As a result, the reliability index 0.85 was obtained.  From these two indexes, the Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI) possesses high validity and good reliability, and is ready to use. The intervention implies the counselling intervention in working resilience of adolescents with behavioural behaviour. This CTI is recommended to be used by school counsellor to handle adolescents with behavioural problems.

Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Intervention, Validity, Reliability, Resilience, Adolescent
Morphological Characterization and Determination of Aflatoxigenic and Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Sweet Corn Kernels and Soil in Malaysia
Authors: Khan Rahim , Mohamad Ghazali Farinazleen , Mahyudin Nor Ainy , Samsudin Nik Iskandar Putra
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to morphologically characterize and determine the aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus isolates. Forty isolates of A. flavus were obtained from sweet corn kernels and soil samples collected from Kampong Raja, Rose Valley, Kea, and Klebang farms in Malaysia. They were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), dichloran rose-bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC), Aspergillusflavus and Aspergillus parasiticus agar (AFPA), and coconut cream agar (CCA). Macromorphological characteristics were determined by observing the colony color and texture, while the micromorphological characteristics were determined by examining the spore color, size, structure, conidiophore structure, and vesicle shape. The production of aflatoxin was determined by direct visualization of the UV fluorescence of A. flavus colonies on CCA. Aflatoxin was qualitatively detected in 18 (45%) isolates of A. flavus using UV fluorescence screening while the remaining 22 (55%) isolates did not exhibit any aflatoxin production. The highest incidence of A. flavus (30%) and aflatoxin production (15%) was recorded in samples from Kampong Raja. On the other hand, isolates from Rose Valley (17%) and Kea (12%) were non-aflatoxigenic. Klebang recorded a 25% incidence of A. flavus in which 15% were aflatoxigenic while 10% were non-aflatoxigenic. The occurrence of aflatoxin-producing A. flavus emphasizes the need for the measure to eradicate their presence in food crops. A biological control treatment utilizing the non-aflatoxigenic strains to compete with the aflatoxigenic ones is underway. Validation of aflatoxin production through high performance liquid chromatography is also ongoing.
Selection of Tomato and Cucumber Accessions for Waterlogging Sensitivity through Morpho-Physiological Assessment at an Early Vegetative Stage
Authors: Kołton Anna , Kęska Kinga , Czernicka Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

Waterlogging anomalies have recently increased, causing a reduction in yield and the loss of billions of dollars. Plant selection for increased tolerance to stress factors requires parameters with high sensitivity, as well as fast and inexpensive measurements. The aim of this study was to select tomato and cucumber accessions that reveal sensitivity and tolerance to waterlogging stress at an early vegetative stage. The selection of effective criteria for assessing plants was also an important issue. A total of 19 cucumber (including four highly homozygous) and 16 tomato accessions were evaluated, and plants with three true leaves were examined. The root zone of stressed plants was waterlogged for 7 days in a deep container. Morphological and physiological characteristics were obtained after 7 days of treatment and used for cluster analysis for discrimination of tolerant and sensitive accessions. Significant decreases in Fv/F0, Fv/Fm, Area, PI ABS, ET0/ABS, and ET0/TR0 parameters, as well as increases in DI0/RC, were observed in sensitive accessions, with no changes in tolerant plants. The OJIP test parameters (Fv/F0, PI ABS, DI0/RC, and Area) were more sensitive in selecting for waterlogging stress than Fv/Fm. The present research can be used in breeding programs. Selected accessions will support a detailed explanation of the physiological differences in response to waterlogging stress in tomato and cucumber plants.
Agricultural Uses of Juglone: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Islam A. K. M. Mominul , Widhalm Joshua R.
Published: October 2020

Application of conventional synthetic pesticides and agrochemicals has boosted the yield and productivity of crops by reducing pest infestation and promoting crop growth yet increasing reliance on many of these products poses serious environmental threats. This has led to growing interest in obtaining more environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional pesticides and agrochemicals. Allelochemicals produced by plants, fungi, and microbes offer options for developing novel natural product-based pesticides and agrochemicals that are effective but with lower environmental half-lives. Here, we review the current state of knowledge about the potential use of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), the allelochemical produced by black walnut trees (Juglans nigra), which has been investigated for applications across a range of different agricultural purposes. We then offer our perspective on what opportunities and challenges exist for harnessing juglone as a component of sustainable agriculture.
The Glyoxalase System—New Insights into an Ancient Metabolism
Authors: Morgenstern Jakob , Campos Campos Marta , Nawroth Peter , Fleming Thomas
Published: October 2020

The glyoxalase system was discovered over a hundred years ago and since then it has been claimed to provide the role of an indispensable enzyme system in order to protect cells from a toxic byproduct of glycolysis. This review gives a broad overview of what has been postulated in the last 30 years of glyoxalase research, but within this context it also challenges the concept that the glyoxalase system is an exclusive tool of detoxification and that its substrate, methylglyoxal, is solely a detrimental burden for every living cell due to its toxicity. An overview of consequences of a complete loss of the glyoxalase system in various model organisms is presented with an emphasis on the role of alternative detoxification pathways of methylglyoxal. Furthermore, this review focuses on the overlooked posttranslational modification of Glyoxalase 1 and its possible implications for cellular maintenance under various (patho-)physiological conditions. As a final note, an intriguing point of view for the substrate methylglyoxal is offered, the concept of methylglyoxal (MG)-mediated hormesis.
Effects of Resistance Training and Bowdichia virgilioides Hydroethanolic Extract on Oxidative Stress Markers in Rats Submitted to Peripheral Nerve Injury
Authors: Costa Luana Santos , Aidar Felipe J. , Matos Dihogo Gama de , Oliveira José Uilien de , Santos Jymmys Lopes dos , Almeida-Neto Paulo Francisco de , Souza Raphael Fabrício de , Pereira Danielle Dutra , Garrido Nuno Domingos , Nunes-Silva Albená , Marçal Anderson Carlos , Estevam Charles dos Santos , Cabral Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinoco , Reis Victor Machado , Teixeira Mauro Martins
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of the combination of resistance training (RT) and the hydroethanolic extract (EHE) of Bowdichia virgilioides as markers of oxidative stress (OS) in rats with peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Rats were allocated into six groups (n = 10): animals without interventions (C), animals with an exposed nerve but without injury, injured animals, trained and injured animals, injured animals that received EHE, and animals that received a combination of RT and EHE. RT comprised the climbing of stairs. EHE was orally administered (200 mg/kg) for 21 days after PNI induction. RT reduced the amount of lipoperoxidation in plasma (14.11%). EHE reduced lipoperoxidation in the plasma (20.72%) and the brain (41.36). RT associated with the extract simultaneously reduced lipoperoxidation in the plasma (34.23%), muscle (25.13%), and brain (43.98%). There was an increase in total sulhydrilyl levels (a) in the brain (33.33%) via RT; (b) in the brain (44.44%) and muscle (44.51%) using EHE; and (c) in the plasma (54.02%), brain (54.25%), and muscle using the combination of RT + EHE. These results suggest that RT associated with oral EHE results in a decrease in OS.
The Cutaneous Physiological Redox: Essential to Maintain but Difficult to Define
Authors: Ron-Doitch Sapir , Kohen Ron
Published: October 2020

Skin is a unique tissue, possessing extremely efficient protective and regulative mechanisms, similar only to the gut and lungs. These tissues serve as an interface with the environment and are exposed to stressors from both endogenous and exogenous sources. Interestingly, all these stressors lead downstream to a cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other electrophiles, which, in turn could have deleterious outcomes for the living organism. Hence, such tissues should always maintain a “high-alert” condition in order to cope with these various insults. Nevertheless, a moderate production of ROS induced by stressors could actually be beneficial, although it is impossible to predict if and which exposure would lead to which outcome. Consequently, a parameter which would indicate the skin’s readiness to cope with continuously fluctuating conditions is required. It has been proposed that the redox status may serve as a suitable indicator. In this opinion manuscript, we argue that the redox status is a vague parameter that is difficult to characterized and quantify due to its extremely dynamic nature. The common convention that the redox status is composed solely of the balance between oxidants and reductants (ROS and antioxidants) is also thought-provoking. Since this parameter in vivo behaves in a dynamic and complex manner, it better fits the description of a process, rather than an individual parameter. We suggest that the homeostatic modulation of the physiological redox (PR) should be in focus, rather than the redox status parameter itself. It is further suggested that low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) are, in fact, rather insignificant concerning the PR maintenance, and that the major contributors to this delicate modulation are regulative, protein-based systems such as the protective phase II antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, we show that skin microbiome and cutaneous advanced lipid peroxidation end-products (ALEs) take part in sustaining the cutaneous PR homoeostasis via activation of the Nrf2–Keap1 protective pathway.