bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case of Peritoneal Larval Cestodiosis by Mesocestoides from Aydın Region in Turkey
Authors: Aldemir Osman Selçuk , Erdoğan Güneş
Published: April 2017

A case report was presented from the peritonea of a 3 year-old mixed breed stray cat weighing 3.2 kg was referred to the Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology for spaying. On physical examination her body condition and warm were normal but mild diarrhoea was detected. After physical and ultrasonographic examination, white larvae-like structures were observed within the abdominal cavity. These structures were collected in saline solution for parasitological examination. On parasitological examination, one hundred eleven larvae were found in the peritonea. After examining macroscopically and microscopically these larvae were identified as L2 stage of Mesocestoides spp. This is the first report from Aydin in Turkey, based on morphological characteristics in this study.
Bulanık Mantık ile Kefir Üretiminin Modellenmesi
Authors: Akgül Hüseyin Nail , Akgül Filiz Yıldız , Doğan Tuna
Published: April 2017

The fermentation is ended with pH 4.6 values in industrial production of kefir. In this study, the incubation temperature, the incubation time and inoculums of culture were chose as variable parameters of kefir. In conventional control systems, the value of pH can be found by trial method. In these systems, if the number of input parameters is greater, the method of trial and error creates a system dependent on the person as well as troublesome. Fuzzy logic can be used in such cases. Modeling studies with this fuzzy logic control are examined in two portions. The first part consists of fuzzy rules and membership functions, while the second part consists of clarify. Kefir incubation temperature between 20 and 25°C, the incubation period between 18 to 22 hours and the inoculum ratio of culture between 1-5% are selected for optimum production conditions. Three separate fuzzy sets (triangular membership function) are used to blur the incubation temperature, the incubation time and the inoculum ratio of culture. Because the membership function numbers belonging to the the input parameters are 3 units, 3x3x3=27 line rule is obtained by multiplying these numbers. The table of fuzzy rules was obtained using the method of Mamdani. The membership function values were determined by the method of average weight using three trapezoidal area of membership functions created for clarification. The success of the system will be found, comparing the numerical values obtained with pH values that should be. Eventually, to achieve the desired pH value of 4.6 in the production of kefir, with the using of fuzzy logic, the workload of people will be decreased and the productivity of business can be increased. In this case, it can be provided savings in both cost and time.
Fonksiyonel Bir Gıda: “Şifalı Top ”
Authors: Kıyak Sıdıka Nur , Dağlı Yeliz , Zeren Ümran , Arıburnu Muammer , Gülbandılar Aysel , Dönmez Muhammet , Okur Mehtap
Published: April 2017

With the development of awareness of healthy eating, consumers are waiting to provide from food in terms of nutrition as well as health benefits. As a result of these expectations of consumers to new products, functional foods have been one of the fastest developing sectors in the food industry. The aim of this study is to develop a new functional food which has high nutrition values and healthy. For this purpose, broccoli, cauliflower and celery vegetables which are not preferred to consume by children in daily life is used to develop a functional product in that children want to consume fondly. Also grinding of stale bread is used in this product to prevent waste of bread. This new product given the shape of tiny ball by rolling was named as “Şifalı Top” and served with chocolate and strawberry sauce.
In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activity of Some Organic and Inorganic Salts Against Asiatic Citrus Canker Agent Xanthomonas Citri Subsp. Citri
Authors: Hasabi Vahideh , Askari Hossein , Alavi Seyed Mehdi , Najafabadi Masood Soltani
Published: April 2017

Asiatic citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is becoming a disease of high economic impact, affecting all types of important citrus crops. In this study, the potential antibacterial activity of ten organic and inorganic salts on X. citri subsp. citri and on citrus canker disease development was evaluated. Among the salt compounds, copper, iron and zinc inorganic salts particularly zinc (with the highest diameter of inhibition, the lowest MIC and MBC values and the highest bacterial growth inhibitory effect) had direct antibacterial activity and strongly reduced the development of canker disease and bacterial population of lime plants.
Meta Analiz Yaklaşımı ile Laktasyon Sırası ve Buzağılama Mevsiminin 305 Günlük Laktasyon Süt Verimi Üzerindeki Etki Büyüklüğünün Tahmini
Authors: Küçükönder Hande , Üçkardeş Fatih , Efe Ercan
Published: April 2017

In this study, the effect of the lactation sequence and the calving season, which are one of the factors influencing the milk yield in Holstein Friesian breed cows, were studied with meta-analysis method. Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that allows a re-evaluation of the studies conducted by other researchers for the same purpose by bringing them together. Meta-analysis combines and summarizes the results of the studies conducted on various fields, and contributes in making a common judgment among researchers. For these reasons, the studies of 7 different researchers that have been made in this field were brought together and it was aimed to create a common view about the studied parameters. In addition, the heterogeneity in this study was investigated by Chi-Square and I2 test statistics, and these values were found as ×^2=50.205 and I2= 88%, respectively. Therefore, for combining the studies, the fixed effect model wasn’t used in meta-analysis. In this study, the results of the researchers’ studies’ regarding the subject in question were scanned with meta-analytical screening method, and were combined by using the odds ratio (OR) which is the effect size criterion in meta-analysis. As a result of the meta-analysis, the Odds ratio value was found as 0.759 and the effect level was determined middle. With this study conducted, as a result of this meta-analysis conducted, it was found that the contribution done by the lactation sequence on 305-day lactation milk yield in Holstein Friesian cattles in obtaining high milk yield was 0.759 times more compared to the calving season.
Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Wild Blueberries (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L.) with Cultivated Blueberry Varieties (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in Artvin Region of Turkey
Authors: Saral Özlem , Ölmez Zafer , Şahin Hüseyin
Published: April 2017

Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L. which are found naturally in most part of Blacksea Region, and Artvin are generally called bear grape, Trabzon tea, and likapa. In addition, different varieties of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have been cultivated in Artvin region for 5 or 6 years. Blueberries contain appreciable levels of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins and ﬂavonols that have high biological activity. V. arctostaphylos and V. myrtillus show that natural distrubition with received V. corymbosum of different cultured species in Artvin region will be determined antioxidant activity in this study. In this study showed that wild species had a higher antioxidant effect than cultivated species. V. myrtillus had high total polyphenols (11.539-20.742 mg GAE/g dry sample), flavonoids (1.182-2.676 mg QE/g dry sample) and anthocyanins (3.305-11.473 mg Cyn/g dry sample) than V. corymbosum species. In addition, wild species had high CUPRAC, FRAP and DPPH values. The antioxidant activities found with CUPRAC, expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity ranged from 0.143 to 0.297 mmol TEAC/g dry sample. Those determined with DPPH expressed as IC50 ranged from 0.229 to 1.178 mg/ml. Those determined with FRAP expressed as FeSO4.7H2O equivalent were in 130.719–346.115 µmol Fe/g dry sample range.
Buğday, Mısır ve Karabuğday Samanları İçeren Rasyonlarla Beslenen Dişi Tokluların Performanslarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Acar Zeynel , Öztürk Mehmet , Keleş Gürhan
Published: April 2017

As well as cereal straw, the use of maize straw in ruminant feeding has been increasing as the feed shortage widens. In addition, cultivation of buckwheat with high straw yield potential is becoming widespread. Thus, performance of 15 female Karya yearlings fed with ration containing wheat, maize or buckwheat straws were compared. The yearlings fed either containing wheat, maize or buckwheat straws in three total mixed rations (30% straw in dry matter) that were consisted of, maize silage, concentrate and cracked maize, formulated to provide 150 g daily live weight gain for 21 d. Total mixed rations was prepared based on the nutritive value of wheat straw. Prior to feeding trial yearlings were acclimatized to their respective feed for a period of 14 d. Straws were included in total mixed rations following the chopping at 1-2 cm. Daily live weight gain and dry matter intake of yearlings fed with mixed ration containing wheat, maize or buckwheat straw were 88, 85 and 135 g/d (P=0.10) and 954, 931 and 1078 g/d (P=0.09), respectively. However, crude protein intake of yearlings (g/d) fed with the ration containing buckwheat straw 14% higher than yearlings fed with the ration containing wheat or maize straw. It was concluded that performance of yearling fed with ration containing buckwheat straws was superior to performance of yearlings fed with ration containing wheat and maize straw, while performance of yearling fed with ration containing wheat or maize straw was similar.
Study on the Response of some Solanaceous Plants to Ralstonia solanacearum Biovars 2A and 2T
Authors: Hasabi Vahideh
Published: April 2017

Ralstonia solanacearum is a very destructive bacterial plant pathogen that causes wilt disease in solanaceae crops. To study the response of potato, tomato, eggplant and petunia to bacterial wilt disease, two isolates representing biovars 2A and 2T of R. solanacearum were evaluated for their pathogenicity aggressiveness and tobacco hypersensitivity response (HR) at two different temperature regimes. The response of plants was estimated by appearance of wilting symptoms and bacterial density in the xylems of inoculated plants over a four weeks period. The results indicated that isolates representing biovar 2T caused less disease in all the species and cultivars compared to isolates biovar 2A, at both temperature conditions and also, there were significant differences in susceptibility to biovars 2A and 2T of R. solanacearum among tomato, eggplant and petunia and potato cultivars.
İzmir Körfezi (Orta Ege Denizi)’ndeki Hamsi Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) Yumurta ve Larvalarının Bolluk ve Dağılımı
Authors: Taylan Burcu , Hoşsucu Belgin
Published: April 2017

In this study, the abundance and distribution of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) eggs and larvae in İzmir Bay were examined in 2013. For this aim, seasonally obtained the plankton samples from 11 stations identified in the bay. Anchovy eggs and larvae were obtained all seasons except winter. As a result, total 6889 eggs/m², 3231 larvae/m² were obtained. The minimum and maximum diameters of anchovy eggs; in short exis 0.49 to 0.56 mm (average 0.51±0.43), in long axist 1.09 to 1.30 mm (average 1.21±0.006). Minimum and maximum larvae length is 2.28-9.8 mm.
Effect of Dietary Alfalfa Meal on Performance, Egg Quality, Egg Yolk Cholesterol and Hatchability Parameters of Quail Breeders
Authors: Olgun Osman , Yıldız Alp Önder
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of alfalfa meal on performance, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol and hatchability parameters of quail breeders. In this trial a total of 90 Japanese quail breeders (30 males, 60 females), 10 weeks old was distributed 5 experimental groups randomly. Each experimental group consisted of 6 replicates of 3 quails (1 males, 2 females) in each. During the 12 weeks experiment period, birds were fed with 5 dietary groups based on corn and soybean meal and containing 0 (control), 10, 20, 40 and 80 g/kg alfalfa meal. Feed and water were offered ad-libitum throughout the experiment. The different dietary levels of alfalfa meal had no significant effect on body weight change, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, egg shell breaking strength, egg yolk triglyceride, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs or hatchability of eggs set. The feed intake was decreased with 10 or 20 g/kg alfalfa meal levels in the diet. The eggshell weight was best in quails fed 20 g/kg alfalfa meal, and the egg yolk cholesterol was the lowest in quails fed 40 g/kg alfalfa meal. According to the results of this study the addition of 40 g/kg alfalfa meal in laying quail diets decreased the egg yolk cholesterol levels without adverse effect on performance.
Assessment of Bioactivity of Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.)
Authors: Dandapat Sukumar , Kumar Manoj , Sinha Monoranjan Prasad
Published: April 2017

Bioactivity of medicinal plants is due to presence of various kinds of primary and secondary metabolites. Among studied phytochemicals polyphenol was in higher quantity (16.7 ± 0.7 g/100g). Antipathogenic efficacy of C. tamala has been tested against, S. typhi (MTCC 3216), P. aeruginosa (MTCC 7837), S. aureus (MTCC 3160), P. mirabilis (MTCC 1249) and B. subtilis (MTCC 736) by agar diffusion method and broth dilution methodand all the strains were affected by methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of C. tamala. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in agar diffusion method were 1.25mg-5mg and 2.5mg-5mg for methanolic and aqueous leaf extracts respectively. Complete inhibition was observed in broth dilution method at1.25mg/mL-9mg/mL and 1mg/mL-13mg/mL concentration of methanolic and aqueous extracts respectively. The leaf extracts did not show cytotoxic at 0.2mg.mL- 1mg/mL concentration of aqueous leaf extract but showed haemolysis at 1mg/mL concentration of metanolic leaf extract of C. tamala. C. tamala leaves showed high nutritional values (143.5 ± 0.5 Kcal/100g). The nutritional components like protein, fats, carbohydrates and edible fibres were 6 ± 0.5, 8.5 ± 1.8, 9.5 ± 0.5 and 30.5 ± 0.6 g/100g respectively. Therefore it can be concluded that leaf extract of C. tamala can be used safely against above mentioned human pathogens and for the preparation of new pharmaceutical drug.
Kıl Keçi ve Saanen x Kıl Keçi Melezlerinin (F1, G1, ) Çiftçi Şartlarında Süt Verim Özellikleri Bakımından Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Çelik Hilal Tozlu , Olfaz Mustafa
Published: April 2017

This study was conducted to determine milk yield characteristics and its effect on genotypes, years and ages Hair goat x Saanen crossbred and Hair goat breed between 2011-2012 years in private enterprise which is located in Amasya province Sarılar village. In this study, the effect of genotypes was found significant on average daily milk yield, lactation length and lactation milk yield in 2011 and 2012 years. In 2011, the effect of goat ages were determined on average daily milk yield (ADMY) and lactation milk yield (LMY) for all goat genotypes. In 2012, the effect of goat ages was determined on average daily milk yield and lactation length (LL) for all goat genotypes. The effect of year F1 and Hair goat were found significant on ADMY, LMY, and LL. The effect of year was found significant on only LL for G1 genotype. As a result it can be say that Saanen goat x Hair goat crossbred F1 and G1 genotype milk yield was higher than Hair goat reared in farmer conditions.
Food Labeling Regulations in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Countries: Benefits, Challenges and Implications
Authors: Khalid Sayed Mohammad Naim
Published: April 2017

Food labels describe the content of a food and are intended to guide the consumer in food selection. The nutrition information provided must be in consistency with legal requirements and dietary recommendations. Selection of the specific nutrients or food components to be listed should further take into account label space, the analytical feasibility of measuring the particular nutritional component within the food matrix, and the relative costs of such analyses. Information provided on labels should be truthful and not mislead consumers. At the same time, labeling regulations should provide incentives to manufacturers to develop products that promote public health and assist consumers in following dietary recommendations. In some countries some segments of the population benefit from information about the composition of foods. In such cases, countries should consider the need to provide for appropriate labeling and its presentation relative to existing regulations. Different approaches and legal requirements have been established. These create difficulties in developing and harmonizing labels, which have broad international applications. For these reasons, the Codex Guidelines on food labeling play an important role to provide guidance to member countries when they want to develop or update their national regulations and to encourage harmonization of national with international standards. These Guidelines are based on the principle that no food should be described or presented in a manner that is false, misleading or deceptive. Exchange of information at the regional and sub-regional level is important, as each country can learn from the experience of others and regional co-ordination and co-operation can be developed.
Farmers’ Education and Farmers’ Wealth in Bangladesh
Authors: Haq Abu Zafar Mahmudul
Published: April 2017

The impact of farmers’ education is examined with a view to evaluate the actual situation of farmers’ education in Bangladesh. Fifty samples were collected from two sub districts of the Gazipur district in Bangladesh. The selection of the study sites and collection of the samples such as the years of schooling of the farm household head, total income, farm size, number of earners of farm families, family size, years of farming experience of farm household head, number of times extension contacts and rice yield were done purposively. It is cleared from the study that education is necessary for farmers to raise their wealth. Results were derived through regression analysis. The study has also shown that size of family and years of farming experience contributed significantly to the wealth accumulation of farmers.
Development of a PCR/RLB Test for Meat Source Authentication in Processed Meat and Meat Products
Authors: Abbasi Ibrahim , Abdel-Kareem Al-Shareef , Imad Matouk , Muataz Akkawi
Published: April 2017

Concern over food authenticity has increased as a result of an increase in the consumption of processed foods containing meat or animal products. This raises a number of issues where the presence of pork in such foods is considered unacceptable in most Muslim and Jewish communities around the world. It also applied to the prohibition of beef consumption among Hindus. In order to ensure the absence of unwished meat products or mixing of meats from different sources in processed foods, a specific and sensitive test is essential. For this purpose we developed a molecular test based on DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cytochrome b gene followed by reverse line blot analysis (RLB). Using this method many samples may be treated simultaneously and meat origins can easily be detected from processed foods or foods containing mixed meat sources; also, added pork components such as fat may be identified by this methodology. The PCR/RLB method is considered to be a sensitive and specific technique; it can detect one nucleotide change within the PCR-amplified DNA segment.
Türkiye’nin İzmir ve Ankara İllerinde Su Ürünleri Tüketimi
Authors: Saygı Hülya , Bayhan Bahar , Hekimoğlu Müge Aliye
Published: April 2017

This study is one of Turkey at the sea coast in Izmir and Ankara in other inland fisheries are conducted to determine consumer preferences. 306 people in Izmir and 405 people in Ankara were directly interviewed and the orginal data for the research was gathered. Survey data were anlyzed with using SPSS and Microsoft Excel software packages. According to the survey data; it is determined that individuals consumed mostly white meat at the rate of 81%, and consumed white meat at the rate of 19%. At least 46% of these individuals consume fish once a week at a minimum. It is determined that 83% of the individuals in Ankara consumed white meat, 17% consumed red meat. It is found out that at least 30% of these indiviudals consumed fish once a week at a minimum. Aquaculture products are highly important for the nutrition due to its being animal protein resource. In spite of the fast growing population and big problems seen in balanced diets, aquaculture products are not efficiently benefited. As a result of our country to increase fish consumption habits and consumption of fishery products on human health in the short and long term benefits should be explained. To this end, local governments and other regional organizations and institutions of the people in the area where the handle will be of interest to fisheries and should be in promoting.
Yüksek Oranda Metiyonin Kullanımının Farklı Canlı Ağırlıktaki Yumurta Tavukları Performans Değerlerine Etkisi
Authors: Çadırcı Şahin , Özbakır Gonca Özmen , Kiraz Ayfer Bozkurt
Published: April 2017

An experiment was conducted with laying hens to determine the effects of feeding excesses of methionine in a practical layer diet. One hundred and thirty two laying hens at 61 weeks of age were used for the experiment. Two body weight groups (light and heavy) and three levels of mehionine were assigned to six groups of laying hen in a 2x3 factorial design. The diets were a 16.5% crude protein corn and soybean meal positive control diet (0.33% methionine), and this diet fortified with 1.00% additional DL-Methionine or 1.50% additional DL-Methionine. The diets were fed ad libitum to the hens for 10 consecutive weeks of production. For the total production period, body weight gain, hen-day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different among any of the treatments in the two body weight groups (P>0.05). The study indicated that considerable tolerance exists in laying hens for individual excesses of the DL-Methionine commonly used as supplement in poultry diets.
Production of Bioethanol from Waste Potato
Authors: Duruyurek Merve , Dusgun Cihan , Gulhan Mehmet Fuat , Selamoğlu Zeliha
Published: April 2017

Using primary energy sources in World as fossil fuels, causes air pollution and climate change. Because of these reasons, people looking for renewable energy suppliers which has less carbondioxide and less pollution. Carbon in biofuels is producing from photosynthesis. For this, burning biofuels don’t increase carbondioxide in atmosphere. Scientists predict that plants with high carbonhydrate and protein contents are 21. centuries biofuels. Potatoes are producing over 280 million in whole world and Turkey is 6th potato producer. Turkey produces 5250000 tonne of potatoes. Approximately 20% of potatoes are waste in Niğde. Our study aimed to produce bioethanol from Solanum tuberosum by using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As a result renewable energy sources can be produced from natural wastes.
Molecular Detection of Aflatoxin Producing Strains of Aspergillus Flavus from Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea)
Authors: Hussain Adeela , Afzal Awais , Irfan Muhammad , Malik Kauser Abdulla
Published: April 2017

Aflatoxins are the potential carcinogens produced as secondary metabolites by Aspergillus flavus. They have the ability to contaminate large number of food which ultimately affect the human population. Malt extract agar was selected for the growth of control stains of fungus. The aim of the study was to develop a reliable and quick method for the detection of aflatoxin producing strains in peanuts by using molecular approaches. Total 80 samples of infected peanuts were collected from four different cities of Punjab and checked for their aflatoxin contamination. For aflatoxin detection, three target genes nor1, ver1 and aflR were selected which was involved in the aflatoxin biosynthesis. In all examined cases, 24 out of 80 (30%) samples successfully amplified all three genes indicating aflatoxigenic activity. Discrimination between aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic strains were also determined on the basis of amplification of these three target DNA fragments. In this study, it was also demonstrated that only specific strains were able to produce the aflatoxin contamination in peanuts.
Bal Arısı Şurubuna Katılan Bitki Ekstraktı ve Yağlarından Oluşan Karışımının Koloni Gelişimi ve Bal Verimi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Bekret Ali , Çankaya Soner , Silici Sibel
Published: April 2017

This study during the spring of 2014, effects of plant extract and oil mixture obtained from various plants added to the syrup given to the forces equalized bee on physiological characteristics of the colonies were examined. Bee colonies (10 colonies in each group) were randomly divided into two groups. When the first group feed syrup and plant extract oil mixture, at the same rate with feed syrup only test group to control group (1/1 sucrose-water) was applied. According to the research results, the plant extract-oil mixture was not effective on the number of frames and hive weight. The mixture although numerically increased the amount of brood rearing area, this effect was not statistically significant. However, provided statistically significant increase in honey production. We concluded that, while the plant extract-oil mixture tested is not effective in brood production, is effective on honey production.
Hatay İli Kırsalındaki Kadınların Girişimcilik Eğilimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Kızılaslan Nuray , Karaömer Miyase
Published: April 2017

In this study, the entrepreneurial activities of the women in the rural part of the city of Hatay are examined. The survey included 120 rural women living in 21 villages of Central District and some other districts of Hatay Province. The data were obtained via questionnaires. For the analysis of the data, Chi-square Analysis were used. The results obtained from the Chi-square Analysis are as follows: there is a significant difference between the women’s age, their previous job experience, their knowing the definition of entrepreneurship and their showing tendency of entrepreneurship. Economic considerations are at the forefront of women's entrepreneurial tendency. In addition, women's household responsibilities and social values are barriers to entrepreneurial tendencies.
Characterization of Sorghum and Millet with Special Reference to Fatty Acid and Volatile Profile.
Authors: Chughtai Muhammad Farhan Jahangir , Pasha Imran , Anjum Faqir Muhammad , Nasir Muhammad Adnan
Published: April 2017

Sorghum and millet are important food staples in semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Sorghum and millet are cereal grains that have prospective to be used as substitute to wheat flour for celiac patients. These are considered as the good source of many important and essential fatty acids. The volatile profiling of these two important crops is comparable to other cereals as well. The present study was an effort to explore biochemical composition of commercially available sorghum and millet varieties with special reference to their fatty acid and volatile profiling. Chemical composition of sorghum and millet was determined according to respective methods. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared and then subjected to GC-FID for fatty acids analysis. The results indicated that both sorghum and millet oils are rich in essential fatty acids comprising mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Main fatty acids that are identified in current study includes palmitic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, behenic acid, linoleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, etc. On the other hand volatile compounds from sorghum and millet were determined by preparing their respective volatile samples by using calvenger apparatus with suitable volatile extracting solvent. Volatile samples were then subjected to GC-MS analysis and respected results were compared with NIST library. About 30 different volatiles were identified in millet varieties while 35 different compounds were discovered in sorghum varieties belonging to aldehydes, ketones, benzene derivatives, esters, alcohols, sulphur compounds.
Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliğinde Büyüme Artırıcı Olarak Sarımsak (Allium sativum) Kullanımı
Authors: Dikel Suat
Published: April 2017

The wide-ranging use of antibiotics and medicaments has resulted in chemical residue and resistant pathogens in cured fish. Chemical residue not only pollutes the environment, but also threatens consumer’s health. On the contrary, garlic as a well-known natural antibiotic that causes no environmental or physical side effects has shown to be effective for the treatment of many diseases in humans and animals. In aquaculture applications, garlic promotes growth, improves the immune system, stimulates appetite, and reinforces the control of fungal and bacterial pathogens. This review emphasis on the application of garlic in promotes of fish growth and the expectations of using garlic arrangements in aquaculture.
Türkiye’de Seçilmiş Bazı İllerde Arı Ürünlerinin Tüketim Alışkanlıklarının ve Farkındalık Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Tunca Rahşan İvgin , Taşkın Atilla , Karadavut Ufuk
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the consumption of bee products and honey and also determine consumption habits and awareness of bee products in some selected province in Turkey. The main material of the study was formed by the original survey data which were collected from randomly selected 1112 people from Batman, Bursa, Diyarbakır, Erzincan, Kayseri, Kırşehir, Mersin, Muğla, Muş, Ordu, and Samsun as random provinces in 2014. The data in the study were examined in two parts. The first part consisted of the consumption habits and awareness of honey, whereas the preferences of individuals usage of bee product such as pollen, propolis, royal jelly and bee venom were examined in the second part. Multivariate logistic regression model was applied for each section including variables data for bee products. According to the survey, it was found that 39.6% of consumers consumed honey between 0-500 grams on a monthly basis. 51.2% of consumers bought honey from beekeepers, and 41% of them stated that they received from the market and bazaar. 5.9% of consumers believe the advertisement on television about bee product. 45.8% of consumers using honey stated that they could understand the quality of the honey. The proportion of consumers who kept a trademark for bee products was determined as 52.7%. Age of the consumer, honey that where consumers bought, honey brand preference and convincing of honey advertisement were significant for P
Estimation of Length-Weight Relationship and Proximate Composition of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) from Two Different Culture Facilities
Authors: Olopade Olaniyi Alaba , Gbaramana Mercy , Zabbey Nenibarini
Published: April 2017

This study was carried out to determine and compare the proximate composition and length weight relationship of C. gariepinus from two culture systems (earthen and concrete ponds). The fish samples were collected from three fish farms with same cultural condition in different areas of Obio-akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Result on the length- weight relationship revealed that C.gariepinus reared in concrete tank had a total length of 15.50- 49.00cm with a mean of 32.71cm and weight of 150-625g, while total length of C. gariepinus reared in the earthen pond ranged from 19.90-58.0cm with a mean of 39.8cm and weight of 195-825g. The T- test shows that the total length of earthen pond were significantly higher than the concrete tank and the weight in the earthen pond was significantly higher than the concrete tank. Parameters of proximate composition analysed were moisture, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and fiber from the fish flesh. Protein content showed a significantly higher in the earthen ponds than the concrete tanks. Ash contents varied from 1.5±1.66-7.4±0.67% in the concrete tanks and were significantly higher than the earthen ponds which ranged from 3.1±0.94-4.5±2.11%. Lipid was significantly higher in earthen ponds than concrete tanks. Generally, the two culture systems have a significant influence on length–weight relationship and nutritional value of C. gariepinus. However, C. gariepinus reared in concrete tank had a heavier body weight than earthen pond and also C. gariepinus reared in earthen pond had highest nutritive values than the concrete tank.
In vitro Antagonistic Mechanisms of Trichoderma spp. and Talaromyces flavus to Control Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici the Causal Agent of Wheat Take-all Disease
Authors: Mohammadi Seddighe , Ghanbari Leila
Published: April 2017

Wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici has recently been detected in different regions of Iran. With respect to biocontrol effect of Trichoderma spp. on many pathogenic fungi, seven isolates of Trichoderma and four isolates of Talaromyces were in vitro evaluated in terms of their biological control against the disease causal agent. In dual culture test the five isolates showed efficient competition for colonization against pathogenic fungus and the highest percentages of inhibition belonging to Talaromyces flavus 60 and Talaromyces flavus 136 were 59.52 and 57.61%, respectively. Microscopic investigations showed that in regions where antagonistic isolates and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici coincide, hyphal contact, penetration and fragmentation of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici were observed. Investigating the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds at 10 ml concentration showed that the highest inhibition percentage on mycelium growth of the pathogen caused by T. harzianum (44.76%) and T. longibrachiatum (52.38%) respectively.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonella species Isolated from Beef and its Related Samples in Techiman Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Adzitey Frederick , Nsoah Joseph Kwame , Teye Gabriel Ayum
Published: April 2017

Salmonella species are important foodborne pathogens that have been implicated in a number of foodborne outbreaks. A total of 240 beef and its related samples obtained from the Techiman Municipality of Ghana were screened using the conventional method in the Food and Drug Administration-Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA-BAM)-USA. The overall prevalence of Salmonella species was 57.08%. The prevalence of Salmonella species ranged from 33.30% to 75.00% in the meat and its related samples (table, knife and apron), and 6.30% to 93.80% at the various meat sale points (locations where meat is sold). Prevalence of Salmonella species was significantly higher in meat (75.00%), table (60.00%) and knife (60.00%), than apron (33.33%). The most contaminated meat sale point was Kenten and Main markets (93.75%) and the least contaminated sale point was Sansema junction (6.25%). All the Salmonella species were susceptible to ciprofloxacin but resistant to vancomycin. Intermediate resistances occur for all the antibiotics except ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. The Salmonella species also exhibited 23 antibiotic resistant patterns with the pattern EVa (erythromycin and vancomycin) being the commonest (exhibited by nine different isolates). Multiple antibiotic index (MAR index) ranged from 0.11 to 0.67. This study revealed that beef and its related samples in Techiman markets are contaminated with Salmonella.
Gıda Güvenliği Hakkında Tüketici Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Türkiye Hatay İli Örneği
Authors: Yılmaz Yalçın , Semerci Arif , Tapkı Nuran , Dağıstan Erdal , Konuşkan Dilşat Bozdoğan
Published: April 2017

The development of food sensitivities began to increase along with societal growth. Consumer awareness is gradually increasing with the expansion of accurate and balanced information. In an increasingly consuming world, the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of individuals during the purchasing of food products are important. Findings from research of this kind positively impact the strategies of companies offering the products on the market. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of knowledge and attitudes of individuals living in the Hatay province and what they consider when buying food items. The data were obtained by face to face interviews of 334 consumers in 2008, and were analysed using a 5-point Likert scale. The average monthly spending of consumers in the survey research is 747.48 USD with food expenses in first place at 32.92% among the total amount of spending. Food product manufacturing, expiration date, storage and conditions were all taken into account for purchasing confidence. Supermarkets were found to be the most trusted shopping places; and of the consumers surveyed, 70.55% are affected positively or negatively by food-related news articles.
Estimating Combining Ability Effect of the Indian and Exotic Lines of Tomatoes by Partial Diallel Analysis
Authors: Dagade Suresh Baban , Nasibhai Nanadasana Jagdish , Krishna Hariprasanna , Mulshankar Bhatt Virendra , Keshavbhai Dhaduk Lallubhai , Virsanbhai Barad Agarsang
Published: April 2017

Eight nearly homozygous, horticulturally superior and optimally divergent lines of tomato having Indian and exotic adaptability were used for carrying out half diallel design to study General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) estimates for fruit weight, polar and equatorial diameter, locules fruit-1, pericarp thickness and fruit firmness. The variances due to both GCA and SCA were significant, suggesting that both additive and non additive genetic variance were involved for genetic control of the character fruit polar and equatorial diameter, and locules number in F1 and F2 generations. However, the variance due to GCA was more pronounced for fruit weight, pericarp thickness and firmness as a result of additive gene action. Due to their high general combining ability effects, exotic parents Ec 490130 and Ec 177371 producing firm fruited small to medium sized tomato fruits having constant expression of GCA effects over the generationsregarded as best general combiners. The crosses GT 1 x Ec 490130 and Ec 490130 x Ec 398704 having high x high and high x low combinations, respectively in F1. While in F2, GT 1 x Ec 177371 and H 24 x Ec 490130 having high x high and high x low combining lines were considered as best crosses for greater fruit firmness. Therefore, heterosis breeding in F1 and selection of desirable lines in F2 generation is recommended for further improvements were suggested for future hybridization programmes.
Comparative study on management of acute moderate and severe lateral ankle sprain using immobilization in below knee slab versus stirrup ankle brace
Authors: Bhandari Prawesh Singh , KC G. , Uprety S.
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Amongst musculoskeletal injuries, ankle ligament sprains are the single most common  sports injury. However, there often appears to be no common regimen for their management, with a wide spectrum of treatment options available. The purpose of this study is to determine the functional outcome of the ankle joint after a moderate or severe inversion injury, comparing standard treatment with a Below Knee Slab Splint against a Stirrup ankle brace.Method: Prospective study conducted at the emergency department at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Fifty patients presenting consecutively were randomized into two equal groups: one group was treated with Below Knee Slab Splint and the other with an Stirrup ankle brace. All patients were given a standardized advice sheet referring to rest, ice, compression, and elevation, NSAIDS and support. Patients were reviewed after 48–72 hours, 14 days, and 3 week. Primary outcome measure: Ankle joint function assessed at 3 week using the modified Karlsson scoring method (maximum score 90). Secondary outcome measure: The difference in ankle girth (swelling) at 3 weeks. Results: Twenty-five patients in Below Knee Slab Splint group and twenty-five patients in the stirrup ankle brace group. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 55 years with the mean of 30.68±9.33 years.The difference in mean age in years was not different in both groups (P>0.05).The distribution of gender and occupation in both groups were homogeneous (P>0.05). The karlsson’s score mean for brace group is 79.8±5.3 and for other group is 72.0±10.3 (p-value: 0.002). Thus there was a significant difference in Karlssons score between the two groups showing better functional improvement in patients receiving Stirrup ankle brace. There is significant difference in the swelling of clients in between application of the brace (1.00±0.48 and slab (1.70±0.50) the at end of the third week with p value 0.000.Conclusion: The use of Stirrup ankle brace for the treatment of lateral ligament ankle sprains produces a significant improvement in ankle joint function at three weeks compared with standard management with aimmobilization in below knee posterior slab splint.JSSN 2015; 18 (1), Page: 10-16
Ocular Morbidity at High Altitude in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sabina , Manoranjan Aparajita , Shresthatha Sushan Man
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Certain changes occur in high altitude which can be organic, motor or functional. This study was conducted to find out ocular morbidity at high altitude in Nepal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at four different places at altitudes of 2710 m (Jomsom), 2900 m (Kagbeni), 3500 m (Jharkot) and 3800 m (Muktinath) of Mustangdistrict of Nepal using convenient sampling method. A total of 222 subjects (444 eyes) were included. They were examined for vascular engorgement and tortuosity, arteriovenous ratio changes, retinal hemorrhages, cataract, pterygium, color vision and intraocular pressure. The motor changes like esodeviation and exodeviation were studied.Results: Of the total 222 participants, 164 (77.5%) were more than 40 years of age and 58 (22.5%) were less than 40 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1.1. The duration of stay at high altitude was >10 years in 96.6%, >15 years 88.3% and >20 years 83.8%. The prevalence of cataract was 19.8% and pseudophakia 17.1%. Other organic changes like venous engorgement, arterio-venous ratio changes and venous tortuosity was also found at high altitude. There was no significant change in intraocular pressure at high altitude. Esodeviation was present in 14%. The prevalence of pterygium was present in 39.6%. Similarly, the prevalence of red green color vision deficiency was 45.1%.Conclusion: Cataract, pterygium, red green color vision deficiency, esodeviation, venous engorgement and venous tortuosity were found to be prevalent at high altitude of Nepal.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Hansposa VDC of Sunsari District, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Dhungel Sunil
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 millimeter of mercury (mm of Hg) or more and a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mm of Hg or more, or taking antihypertensive medication. Hypertension causes an increased work load on the heart and can cause damage to the blood vessels. The public awareness about hypertension in the villages of Nepal is low and no studies have been conducted earlier to elaborate the risk factors and prevalence of Hypertension in Hansposa village of Nepal. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of Hypertension and the risk factors associated with it in this village.Methods: A cross sectional survey (study) was carried out from September 25, 2014 to October 25, 2014 in order to know the prevalence and risk factor(s) of hypertension among people of Hansposa Village Development Committee (VDC), Sunsari, Nepal. Data were collected from both sexes by asking demographic details, habits like alcohol intake, smoking, exercise and education and examination of blood pressure, weight and height. The association of hypertension with age, sex, education, tobacco, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) were estimated according to WHO standard criteria.Results: On analysis, the prevalence of hypertension was 37 % [95% CI=31-42(M: 55.1%; F: 26.7%)]. The prevalence of tobacco, alcohol consumption, and overweight/obesity was 31.3% (including past and present), 36.1%, and 31.9% respectively. Further analysis showed that there is significant association between hypertension and age, sex, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity (P<0.05) i.e. there is increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension with increasing age [ χ2(chi square) for linear trend P = 0.000].Conclusion: There is high prevalence of hypertension among people of Hansposa VDC; especially isolated diastolic blood pressure and is associated with age, sex, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity.
Predictors of Surgical Outcome of Abdominal Trauma in Tertiary Care Centres of Nepal
Authors: Thapa Bikash Bikram , Gurung Rajan , Basnet Robin , Thapa Narayan
Published: April 2017

Introduction: The abdominal trauma is a surgical emergency most of which are preventable and many of them could have good outcome with timely management by dedicated trauma system. It is not only the rising health problem but also the social and economic burden. A study on abdominal trauma can guide to cost-effective quality management of the patients. This study is undertaken to study and evaluate the predictors of surgical outcome in abdominal trauma patients in tertiary care centers in Nepal.Methods: Seventy five patients with abdominal trauma who underwent surgical intervention were evaluated prospectively inside the inclusion criteria. Ethical approval was obtained. The data on demographic pattern, clinic-radiological findings, abdominal trauma index, injury severity scale, operative findings, infectious complications, and mortality were collected. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 75 patients male to female ratio was 4.6 : 1. Blunt trauma (49) was the common cause of abdominal injury. Accidental abdominal injury happened in 73% (55) and fall from height was common mode of abdominal organ injury 40% (30). The overall morbidity and mortality were 30.6% and 9.3% respectively. Age > 30 years, Shock at presentation, Operative Delay > 24 hours, and trauma score (ATI>15 and ISS>15) were all good predictors of surgical outcome of patients with abdominal trauma (p <0.05).Conclusion: The predictors of surgical outcome were patient’s age, clinical status at presentation and delay in surgical intervention. Trauma score (both ATI and ISS) are equally important in predicting outcome which are necessary for monitoring patients care and the quality of trauma systems.