bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research progress on the relationship between intestinal microecology and intestinal bowel disease
Authors: Fu Qianhui , Song Tianyuan , Ma Xiaoqin , Cui Jian
Published: August 2022

Intestinal microecology is the main component of human microecology. Intestinal microecology consists of intestinal microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and intestinal mucosal immune system. These components are interdependent and establish a complex interaction network that restricts each other. According to the impact on the human body, there are three categories of symbiotic bacteria, opportunistic pathogens, and pathogenic bacteria. The intestinal microecology participates in digestion and absorption, and material metabolism, and inhibits the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. It also acts as the body's natural immune barrier, regulates the innate immunity of the intestine, controls the mucosal barrier function, and also participates in the intestinal epithelial cells' physiological activities such as hyperplasia or apoptosis. When the steady‐state balance of the intestinal microecology is disturbed, the existing core intestinal microbiota network changes and leads to obesity, diabetes, and many other diseases, especially irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and colorectal malignancy. Intestinal diseases, including tumors, are particularly closely related to intestinal microecology. This article systematically discusses the research progress on the relationship between IBD and intestinal microecology from the pathogenesis, treatment methods of IBD, and the changes in intestinal microbiota.
Low Heart Rate Is Associated with Cerebral Pulsatility after TIA or Minor Stroke
Authors: Webb Alastair J.S. , Wartolowska Karolina A. , Li Linxin , Rothwell Peter M.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Beta‐blockers are beneficial in coronary artery disease but less so in stroke prevention and dementia, potentially due to reduced heart rate (HR). Cerebral pulsatility is strongly associated with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and may be increased by lower diastolic pressures resulting from longer cardiac cycles.

Methods

Patients 4–6 weeks after TIA or non‐disabling stroke (Oxford Vascular Study) underwent 5 minutes continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP), electrocardiogram (ECG), and middle cerebral artery flow velocity (transcranial ultrasound). Beat‐to‐beat relationships between HR, blood pressure and Gosling's pulsatility index (MCA‐PI) are reported as beta‐coefficients from general linear models for each individual.

Results

Across 759 patients, average MCA‐PI during monitoring was associated with lower HR and diastolic BP (DBP) and greater systolic BP (SBP) (∆MCA‐PI per 10 bpm/mmHg: −0.02, −0.04, 0.03, all p < 0.001), with HR particularly associated with low end‐diastolic cerebral velocity (0.86, p = 0.014). Beat‐to‐beat HR was strongly associated with concurrent low DBP and high SBP, potentially mediating the association with greater beat‐to‐beat cerebral pulsatility (average ∆MCA‐PI vs HR/DBP/SBP unadjusted: −0.062, −0.052, 0.0092; adjusted for concurrent BP: −0.039, −0.11, 0.041). The beat‐to‐beat association between HR and MCA‐PI increased with age, beta‐blockers, arterial stiffness, low HR (age > 70 + HR < 65 vs age < 70 + HR > 65: −0.081 vs −0.024, interaction p < 0.001), and severe SVD on MRI (age > 70 + severe vs age < 70 + none: −0.087 vs −0.047, interaction p = 0.03), with interactions between age, severe SVD, and low HR synergistically increasing MCA‐PI.

Interpretation

Low HR is associated with greater cerebral pulsatility in patients with SVD, potentially mediated by lower diastolic blood flow and representing a novel potential treatment target. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:909–920
Electrochemical Conjugation of Aptamers on a Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Enables Highly Stable and Selective In Vivo Neurosensing
Authors: Li Xin , Jin Ying , Zhu Fenghui , Liu Ran , Jiang Yan , Jiang Ying , Mao Lanqun
Published: August 2022

Interfacing aptamers with carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs) provides a versatile platform to probe the chemical activity in a living brain at the molecular level. However, new approaches are needed for the efficient and stable modification of electrode surfaces with aptamers. Here, we present an electrochemical conjugation strategy to covalently couple aptamers onto CFEs with high chemoselectivity, efficiency, and stability for sensing in the brain. The strategy employs an initial electrochemical coupling of catechol on an CFE, thereby generating a thin layer of quinone intermediates that couple rapidly with thiol‐containing oligonucleotides under a controlled potential. This approach dramatically simplifies and improves the efficiency for modifying carbon surfaces, thereby allowing direct conjugation of high levels of aptamers on CFEs within 5 minutes. Importantly, the covalent linkage between the aptamers and carbon surfaces enables a greatly improved sensitivity and stability for the sensing of dopamine, offering a robust system for continuously probing dopamine dynamics in the living brains of animals.
The Crucial Role of Electrode Potential of a Working Anode in Dictating the Structural Evolution of Solid Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Sun Shu‐Yu , Yao Nao , Jin Cheng‐Bin , Xie Jin , Li Xi‐Yao , Zhou Ming‐Yue , Chen Xiang , Li Bo‐Quan , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Zhang Qiang
Published: August 2022

The performance of rechargeable lithium (Li) batteries is highly correlated with the structure of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The properties of a working anode are vital factors in determining the structure of SEI; however, the correspondingly poor understanding hinders the rational regulation of SEI. Herein, the electrode potential and anode material, two critical properties of an anode, in dictating the structural evolution of SEI were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The anode potential is identified as a crucial role in dictating the SEI structure. The anode potential determines the reduction products in the electrolyte, ultimately giving rise to the mosaic and bilayer SEI structure at high and low potential, respectively. In contrast, the anode material does not cause a significant change in the SEI structure. This work discloses the crucial role of electrode potential in dictating SEI structure and provides rational guidance to regulate SEI structure.
Synthesis and characterization of engineered PEEK‐based composites for enhanced tribological and mechanical performance
Authors: Javaid Sabah , Dey Maharshi , Matzke Caleb , Gupta Surojit
Published: August 2022

We report the synthesis and characterization of engineered PEEK‐based composites by using biochar (DDGS500—pyrolyzed Distiller's dried grains with soluble (DDGS)), metal (Mo), and PEEK‐ceramic (Xonotlite) as reinforcements. A systematic study was done to understand the effect of these additives on functional and mechanical properties. Initially, these composites were synthesized by hot pressing. Microstructure analysis of reinforcement powders by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Detailed microstructure study of the composites showed that DDGS500 powder particulates were well dispersed within the PEEK matrix after the addition of 5 vol%. However, at higher concentration of 10 and 20 vol%, the particles segregated at the phase boundaries and PEEK rich cores were observed in the microstructure. Mo and Xonotlite particles were segregated at the phase boundaries even at 5 vol% concentration, which was more prominent at higher concentrations of 10 and 20 vol% reinforcements. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed lowering in melting point (Tm) and crystallization temperature (Tc) and increase in crystallization in all the composites. The addition of DDGS500 and Mo enhanced the plasticity and Ultimate Compressive Strength (UCS) (5 vol% additions of DDGS500 and Mo enhanced the UCS by 12.6% and 32.2%, respectively) of the composites whereas Xonotlite additions increased brittleness of the composites. The addition of DDGS500, PEEK‐Mo, and PEEK‐Xonotlite particulates lowered the wear rate until 10 vol% by several orders of magnitude and stabilized the friction coefficient (μ) versus distance profile. However, significant increase in wear rate at 20 vol% of Xonotlite was observed due to third body abrasion. All the composites showed hydrophobic behavior except PEEK‐20 vol% Xonotlite, which showed hydrophilic behavior with a decrease in contact angle as a function of time, which shows that Xonotlite can be a promising additive for increasing hydrophilicity of PEEK‐based composites for biomedical applications.
Construction of antifouling and antibacterial polyhexamethylguanidine/chondroitin sulfate coating on polyurethane surface based on polydopamine rapid deposition
Authors: Zhu Jiaqian , Yuan Huihui , Zhang Shunqi , Hao Xiang , Lan Minbo
Published: August 2022

Implanted medical devices are widely used in clinic for disease treatment, but they generally suffer from the bio‐fouling problem which leads to the reduction of service life and loss of therapeutic effects. Herein, an eco‐friendly method based on polydopamine (PDA) fast deposition is developed to construct anti‐fouling and antibacterial surface on polyurethane (PU). The self‐adhesive layer of PDA contributes to the formation of a platform with active sites for further antibacterial and hydrophilic modification. Polyhexamethylguanidine (PHMG) as antibacterial ingredient and chondroitin sulfate (CS) as hydrophilic component covalently bind on PDA platform, which successively helps to form PU‐PDA/PHMG/CS. The resultant surface demonstrates the excellent property of anti‐protein adsorption (96.8%), anti‐bacterial ability (99.9%), and cell compatibility (95.0%), which would have great potential for medical application.
Uses of the Journal Impact Factor in national journal rankings in China and Europe
Authors: Kulczycki Emanuel , Huang Ying , Zuccala Alesia A. , Engels Tim C. E. , Ferrara Antonio , Guns Raf , Pölönen Janne , Sivertsen Gunnar , Taşkın Zehra , Zhang Lin
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates different uses of the Journal Impact Factor (JIF) in national journal rankings and discusses the merits of supplementing metrics with expert assessment. Our focus is national journal rankings used as evidence to support decisions about the distribution of institutional funding or career advancement. The seven countries under comparison are China, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway, Poland, and Turkey—and the region of Flanders in Belgium. With the exception of Italy, top‐tier journals used in national rankings include those classified at the highest level, or according to tier, or points implemented. A total of 3,565 (75.8%) out of 4,701 unique top‐tier journals were identified as having a JIF, with 55.7% belonging to the first Journal Impact Factor quartile. Journal rankings in China, Flanders, Poland, and Turkey classify journals with a JIF as being top‐tier, but only when they are in the first quartile of the Average Journal Impact Factor Percentile. Journal rankings that result from expert assessment in Denmark, Finland, and Norway regularly classify journals as top‐tier outside the first quartile, particularly in the social sciences and humanities. We conclude that experts, when tasked with metric‐informed journal rankings, take into account quality dimensions that are not covered by JIFs.
Challenges and opportunities in downstream separation processes for mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in microcarrier‐based stirred suspension bioreactors
Authors: Mawji Inaara , Roberts Erin L. , Dang Tiffany , Abraham Brett , Kallos Michael S.
Published: August 2022

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising platform for regenerative medicine applications because of their multilineage differentiation abilities and ease of collection, isolation, and growth ex vivo. To meet the demand for clinical applications, large‐scale manufacturing will be required using three‐dimensional culture platforms in vessels such as stirred suspension bioreactors. As MSCs are an adherent cell type, microcarriers are added to the culture to increase the available surface area for attachment and growth. Although extensive research has been performed on efficiently culturing MSCs using microcarriers, challenges persist in downstream processing, including harvesting, filtration, and volume reduction, which all play a critical role in the translation of cell therapies to the clinic. The objective of this review is to assess the current state of downstream technologies available for microcarrier‐based MSC cultures. This includes a review of current research within the three stages: harvesting, filtration, and volume reduction. Using this information, a downstream process for MSCs is proposed, which can be applied to a wide range of applications.
Retention behaviour of analytes in reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography—A review
Authors: Ganesh V. , Poorna Basuri P. , Sahini K. , Nalini C.N.
Published: August 2022

The understanding of principles that drive the separation in reversed‐phase chromatography plays an important role in the prediction of the elution of solutes in RP‐HPLC. The separation in RP‐HPLC is based on the principle of adsorption and partition. In addition, the logP value, the pKa value of the drug and chromatographic parameters like mobile phase pH, buffer concentration, organic modifier and mobile phase additives also influence the retention and selectivity of the analyte. It was found that hydrophobic, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and other specific interactions between the stationary phase and the solutes, along with the hydrophobicity of an analyte molecule (logP), modify the retention behaviour of the analytes. This article gives special attention to the influence of ionization and ion interaction on the separation of analytes. The drug molecules with different logP values containing protonated and deprotonated acids, bases and zwitterions are selected as examples and this article addresses various issues related to the method development, relationships between analyte retention and mobile phase pH and the pKa value of the analyte. The advances in this regard, with highlights on topics such as mechanisms of retention and various factors that influence the retention behaviour of analytes, are also updated with suitable examples.
On the path to sustainable development: The nexus among owner gender diversity, energy management, and firms' innovation radicalness
Authors: Prokop Viktor , Hojnik Jana , Zapletal David , Žižmond Egon
Published: August 2022

This research focuses on the part of sustainable development related to energy management and thus aims to find the missing piece in research on the role of owner gender diversity (OGD) in processes of energy management (EM) introduction and the creation of radical and incremental innovation. Employing the World Bank's Enterprise Survey 2019 data covering 4646 firms from 11 European countries, we confirm the hypothesis that OGD increases firms' chance to reach radical and incremental innovation. Contrary to the majority of prior studies, we reject the hypothesis that OGD increases firms' chance to introduce EM; rather, we empirically prove the positive effects of firms' value drivers and market pressure on EM. We also confirm the link between firms' introduction of EM and the creation of radical and incremental innovations. This study expands research into the gender diversity of the upper echelons, addressing recent calls to expand open innovation research into new research categories and identify the determinants of firms' introduction of EM.
α‐Acetolactate decarboxylase immobilized in chitosan: A highly stable biocatalyst to prevent off‐flavor in beer
Authors: Costa Gustavo Pires , Spolidoro Luiza Strapasson , Manfroi Vitor , Rodrigues Rafael C. , Hertz Plinho Francisco
Published: August 2022

In this work, we studied the covalent immobilization of α‐acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) on glutaraldehyde activated chitosan beads for application in beers to prevent off‐flavor. The immobilized preparation was characterized regarding yield, efficiency, activity recovery, thermal and pH stabilities, and operational stability in beer. The concentration of activating agent was evaluated and at the best condition an immobilization yield of 84% and activity recovery of 9.1% were verified. Optimal pH was 6.0 for free and immobilized enzymes, however, the immobilized enzyme showed higher relative activity at the tested pH, with emphasis on the pH range from 5.0 to 6.5. Besides, immobilized enzyme showed stabilization factor of almost sevenfold at 60°C compared to free form. The immobilized biocatalyst was tested in repeated batches in beer for α‐acetolactate conversion to acetoin, and after 12 cycles the enzyme presented 80% of its initial activity. To date, this is the most stable immobilized preparation of ALDC reported.
Up‐regulation of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in human samples might have a potential role of predicting prostate cancer recurrence and progression after surgery and hormonal therapy
Authors: Miyazaki Yu , Goto Takayuki , Li Xin , Nakayama Kenji , Okasho Kosuke , Takeda Masashi , Mizuno Kei , Kimura Hiroko , Uegaki Masayuki , Sumiyoshi Takayuki , Teramoto Yuki , Akamatsu Shusuke , Kobayashi Takashi , Ogawa Osamu , Inoue Takahiro
Published: August 2022

Using new castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines developed from LNCaP cells as a model for CRPC, we searched for novel biomarkers by analyzing the proteins secreted in culture supernatants. The results showed that the levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in these cell lines were 4.7–6.7 times higher than those secreted in parental LNCaP. Patients with localized prostate cancer (PC) and who expressed SLPI had a significantly lower prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) progression‐free survival rate than those who did not. Multivariate analysis revealed that SLPI expression was an independent risk factor for PSA recurrence. By contrast, when immunostaining of SLPI was performed on consecutive prostate tissue samples obtained from 11 patients, both in hormone naive (HN) and castration resistant (CR) conditions, only one patient expressed SLPI in the HNPC state; however, four of the 11 patients expressed SLPI in the CRPC state. In addition, two of these four patients were resistant to enzalutamide, and there was a discrepancy between their serum PSA levels and radiographic progression of the disease. These results suggest that SLPI can be a predictor of prognosis in patients with localized PC and disease progression in CRPC patients.
Study on moisture migration mechanism of dough during subfreezing storage
Authors: Gao Haiyan , Liu Yufen , Meng Kexin , Zeng Jie
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of subfreezing storage on gluten protein denaturation and water retention. On this basis, the surface hydrophobicity, secondary structure, thermal stability, microstructure, and moisture distribution of gluten protein were measured.

Findings

The results showed that at the end of storage, the hydrophobicity indexes of wheat gluten proteins (−9°C and −12°C) stored under subfreezing conditions were significantly lower than those stored at 4°C and slightly lower than those stored at −18°C. The secondary structure stability of wheat gluten stored at −18°C was similar. P21 stored at −18°C was significantly higher than those stored at 4°C and showed an upward trend. The quality of the dough was similar to those stored at −18°C.

Conclusions

The deformation and water retention of gluten during subfreezing storage are similar to those stored at −18°C.

Significance and Novelty

The changes in dough moisture and gluten protein structure during frozen storage at different freezing temperatures were explored to provide a theoretical basis for the application of subfrozen storage in the frozen flour products industry.
A novel imbalanced fault diagnosis method integrated KLFDA with improved cost‐sensitive learning ANBSVM
Authors: Jiang Xue , Xu Yuan , Ke Wei , Zhang Yang , Zhu Qunxiong , He Yanlin
Published: August 2022

Fault diagnosis, as an important approach to ensure the safety and stability of industrial processes, has been widely studied in recent years. During the running process, it is noted that the normal data are always much more than the fault data, which demonstrates imbalanced characteristics and leads to a negative effect on the overall accuracy of fault diagnosis. Targeting the problem, a novel imbalanced fault diagnosis method integrated kernel local Fisher discriminant analysis (KLFDA) with improved adaptive near‐Bayesian support vector machine (ANBSVM) is proposed in this paper. First, KLFDA is used to extract the non‐linear features while maintaining the local spatial structure of the data by introducing flow pattern learning. Second, considering the imbalance characteristics of the data, the data set is divided into a majority class (normal data) and a minority class (fault data). The density distributions of the two classes in their overlapping region are characterized by the proportional function of variance. Third, by minimizing the Bayesian error under the proportion function, the weight factors are adaptively obtained and then introduced into the objective function of the support vector machine (SVM). Namely, a cost sensitivity‐based ANBSVM classifier for fault diagnosis is constructed. Finally, by the simulation experiment on the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process, the comparison results show that the proposed ANBSVM‐based fault diagnosis method makes progress in the performance of fault diagnosis with higher diagnostic accuracy and F1 score.
Modelling of adsorption of nickel (II) by blend hydrogels (cellulose nanocrystals and corn starch) from aqueous solution using adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) and artificial neural networks (ANN)
Authors: Banza Musamba , Rutto Hilary
Published: August 2022

The current study looks at the effectiveness of the removal of nickel (II) from aqueous solution using an adsorption method in a laboratory‐size reactor. An artificial neural network (ANN) and an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used in this study to predict blend hydrogels adsorption potential in the removal of nickel (II) from aqueous solution. Four operational variables, including initial Ni (II) concentration (mg/L), pH, contact duration (min), and adsorbent dose (mg/L), were used as an input with removal percentage (%) as the only output; they were studied to assess their impact on the adsorption study in the ANFIS model. In contrast, 70% of the data was used for training, while 15% of the data was used in testing and validation to build the ANN model. Feedforward propagation with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was employed to train the network. The use of ANN and ANFIS models for experiments was used to optimize, construct, and develop prediction models for Ni (II) adsorption using blend hydrogels. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic models were also used to describe the process. The results show that ANN and ANFIS models are promising prediction approaches that can be applied to successfully predict metal ions adsorption. According to this finding, the root mean square errors (RMSE), absolute average relative errors (AARE), average relative errors (ARE), mean squared deviation (MSE), and R2 for Ni (II) in the training dataset were 0.061, 0.078, 0.017, 0.019, and 0.986, respectively, for ANN. In the ANFIS model, the RMSE, AARE, ARE, MSE, and R2 were 0.0129, 0.0119, 0.028, 0.030, and 0.995, respectively. The adsorption process was spontaneous and well explained by the Langmuir model, and chemisorption was the primary control. The morphology, functional groups, thermal characteristics, and crystallinity of blend hydrogels were all assessed.
Prognostic evaluation of preoperative serum tumor marker‐negative cases in non‐small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Onuki Yuichiro , Matsubara Hirochika , Koizumi Ryunosuke , Muto Mamoru , Sasanuma Harunobu , Sato Daisuke , Sugimura Aya , Uchida Tsuyoshi , Matsuoka Hiroyasu , Nakajima Hiroyuki
Published: August 2022

Background

The role of various serum tumor markers (TMs) has been reported in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the prognosis of patients with multiple TM‐negative NSCLC remain unclear.

Aims

This study aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with NSCLC undergoing surgery and to investigate their prognostic association with preoperative serum TM‐negative cases.

Methods and results

We retrospectively evaluated 442 patients who underwent complete resection of stage I NSCLC between January 2004 and December 2019. These 442 patients were classified into a group whose preoperative serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin‐19 fragment (CYFRA21‐1), carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag) were all negative (TM‐negative group; n = 249, 56%) and a group with at least one positive marker (TM‐positive group; n = 193, 44%). Among all patients, the TM‐negative group showed higher 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (92.6% vs. 79.1%; p < .01), and overall survival (OS) rates (86.3% vs. 68.6%; p < .01). After propensity score matching, patients in the TM‐negative group still exhibited good 5‐year RFS (92.1% vs. 81.4%; p = .01) and OS rates (87.6% vs. 72.6%; p < .01).

Conclusion

Our study suggests that NSCLC patients who are preoperatively negative for all serum TMs, such as CEA, CYFRA21‐1, CA19‐9, and SCC Ag, represent a subgroup with a particularly good prognosis.
Mathematical models of the solid cancer induced by atomic bomb and the spontaneous cancer in the daily life—Proposal of a new medical treatment for cancers
Authors: Baba Hiroshi , Yokoyama Akihiko
Published: August 2022

Background

A mathematical model of the radiation−induced cancer was devised to explain the change of incidence rates pursued by Radiation Effect Research Foundation for 25 years.

Aim

The aim of this work is construction of mechanisms of radiation‐induced cancer and cancers observed in the daily life.

Methods and results

First, we found a way to separate spontaneous cancers from radiation‐induced cancers observed among atomic‐bomb victims in Hiroshima and Nagasaki districts by using a constructed algorithm. The isolated incidence rates of radiation‐induced cancers were reproduced by a two‐stage model mechanical collision of impinging radiation with cells and succeeding mutation of the damaged cell to cancer. This model satisfactorily reproduced observed solid cancer incidence rates. We further attempted to construct a mathematical model for the age‐dependence of spontaneous cancers appearing in the daily life and concluded that the cancer should be generated at cell division.

Conclusion

With these findings, we reached to a conclusion that cancers may be suppressed by eliminating damaged cells with mild–dose radiation.
A multi‐preference integrated algorithm for deep learning based recommender framework
Authors: Jaishankar B. , Naveen J. , Marimuthu Balamurugan , Jayabalan Bhuvana , Mathivanan M.
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, the online recommender systems based collaborative filtering methods are widely employed to model long term user preferences (LTUP). The deep learning methods, like recurrent neural networks (RNN) have the potential to model short‐term user preferences (STUP). There is no dynamic integration of these two models in the existing recommender systems. Therefore, in this article, a multi‐preference integrated algorithm (MPIA) for deep learning based recommender framework (DLRF) is proposed to perform the dynamic integration of these two models. Moreover, the MPIA addresses improper data and to improve the performance for creating recommendations. This algorithm is depending on an enhanced long short term memory (LSTM) with additional controllers to consider relative information. Here, experiments are carried out by Amazon benchmark datasets, then obtained outcomes are compared with other existing recommender systems. From the comparison, the experimental outcomes show that the proposed MPIA outperforms existing systems under performance metrics, like area under curve, F1‐score. Consequently, the MPIA can be integrated with real time recommender systems.
Acid Enriched with Methanol: Formation of a Prebiotic Cluster in the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Ventura Elizete , Bezerra Mariana G. , Leitão Ezequiel F. V. , do Monte Silmar A.
Published: August 2022

Organic molecules are a potential source of prebiotic chemistry in the interstellar medium (ISM). Methanol (MetOH) is a very important source of more complex molecules. H3O+(aq) and Cl−(aq) are fundamental to living organisms and can be generated in the ISM from the dissociation of HCl with just four water molecules, yielding the (H3O)+(H2O)3Cl− ion‐pair. Here, a detailed mechanism, based on density functional theory (DFT) and ab‐initio (2nd order Mϕller‐Plesset perturbation theory, MP2) calculations, is suggested for the substitution reactions of these water molecules by MetOH. The time required for formation of an appreciable amount of the product ((H3O)+(MetOH)3Cl−) can be only few years. Such reaction can take place in Sagittarius B2, where HCl, H2O and MetOH have already been identified and it can be an important source for the formation of more complex prebiotic structures.
Microsolvation versus Encapsulation in Mono, Di, and Trivalent Cations
Authors: Flórez Elizabeth , Gómez Sara , Acelas Nancy , Hadad Cacier , Restrepo Albeiro
Published: August 2022

The effects of the formal charge in the stability and bonding of water cavities when solvating a cation are studied here using [X(H2O)20]q+clusters starting with the well known 512isomer of (water)20, placing a single mono, di, or trivalent Xq+cation at the interior, and then optimizing and characterizing the resulting clusters. Highly correlated interaction and deformation energies are calculated using the CCSD(T)‐DLPNO formalism. Bonding interactions are characterized using the tools provided by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, natural bond orbitals, and non‐covalent surfaces. Our results indicate that water to water hydrogen bonds are sensibly strengthened resulting in strong cooperative effects, which amount to kcal/mol per hydrogen bond in the bare cavity and to larger values for the systems including the cations. Approximate encapsulation, that is, surrounding the cation by a network of hydrogen bonds akin to the well known methane clathrate seems to be preferred by cations with smaller charge densities while microsolvation, that is, cluster structures having explicit X⋯O contacts seem to be preferred by cations with larger charge densities which severely deform the cavity.
Probing of Local Structure in Laves Compound TbFe2
Authors: Kou Ronghui , Chang Tieyan
Published: August 2022

The Laves compounds Tb1‐xDyxFe2 have attracted much interest due to the giant magnetostriction effect appearing at their morphotropic phase boundary compositions. Although previous studies have established the relationship between the average structure and magnetostrictive properties in these compounds, there is a lack of characterization of their local structures. In this paper, as a first step toward this goal, the evolution of the local structure of the terminal compound (TbFe2) of this system is reported, in an attempt to provide useful information about interatomic bonding in this system. The pair distribution function (PDF) results suggest that the compound presents the rhombohedral local crystal symmetry. The lattice at the local scale shows abnormal thermal expansion which is different from the long scale structure. The different role of the Tb─Fe bond and Fe─Fe bond in affecting the crystal lattice is revealed. These findings highlight the important role of local structure in determining the magnetostrictive properties of the Laves compounds.
Spatiotemporal monitoring of the rare northern dragonhead (Dracocephalum ruyschiana, Lamiaceae) — SNP genotyping and environmental niche modeling herbarium specimens
Authors: Nygaard Malene , Kopatz Alexander , Speed James M. D. , Martin Michael D. , Prestø Tommy , Kleven Oddmund , Bendiksby Mika
Published: August 2022

The species we have studied the spatiotemporal genetic change in the northern dragonhead, a plant species that has experienced a drastic population decline and habitat loss in Europe. We have added a temporal perspective to the monitoring of northern dragonhead in Norway by genotyping herbarium specimens up to 200 years old. We have also assessed whether northern dragonhead has achieved its potential distribution in Norway. To obtain the genotype data from 130 herbarium specimens collected from 1820 to 2008, mainly from Norway (83) but also beyond (47), we applied a microfluidic array consisting of 96 SNP markers. To assess temporal genetic change, we compared our new genotype data with existing data from modern samples. We used sample metadata and observational records to model the species' environmental niche and potential distribution in Norway. Our results show that the SNP array successfully genotyped all included herbarium specimens. Hence, with the appropriate design procedures, the SNP array technology appears highly promising for genotyping old herbarium specimens. The captured genetic diversity correlates negatively with distance from Norway. The historical‐modern comparisons reveal similar genetic structure and diversity across space and limited genetic change through time in Norway, providing no signs of any regional bottleneck (i.e., spatiotemporal stasis). The regional areas in Norway have remained genetically divergent, however, both from each other and more so from populations outside of Norway, rendering continued protection of the species in Norway relevant. The ENM results suggest that northern dragonhead has not fully achieved its potential distribution in Norway and corroborate that the species is anchored in warmer and drier habitats.
Six years of wild bee monitoring shows changes in biodiversity within and across years and declines in abundance
Authors: Turley Nash E. , Biddinger David J. , Joshi Neelendra K. , López‐Uribe Margarita M.
Published: August 2022

Wild bees form diverse communities that pollinate plants in both native and agricultural ecosystems making them both ecologically and economically important. The growing evidence of bee declines has sparked increased interest in monitoring bee community and population dynamics using standardized methods. Here, we studied the dynamics of bee biodiversity within and across years by monitoring wild bees adjacent to four apple orchard locations in Southern Pennsylvania, USA. We collected bees using passive Blue Vane traps continuously from April to October for 6 years (2014–2019) amassing over 26,000 bees representing 144 species. We quantified total abundance, richness, diversity, composition, and phylogenetic structure. There were large seasonal changes in all measures of biodiversity with month explaining an average of 72% of the variation in our models. Changes over time were less dramatic with years explaining an average of 44% of the variation in biodiversity metrics. We found declines in all measures of biodiversity especially in the last 3 years, though additional years of sampling are needed to say if changes over time are part of a larger trend. Analyses of population dynamics over time for the 40 most abundant species indicate that about one third of species showed at least some evidence for declines in abundance. Bee family explained variation in species‐level seasonal patterns but we found no consistent family‐level patterns in declines, though bumble bees and sweat bees were groups that declined the most. Overall, our results show that season‐wide standardized sampling across multiple years can reveal nuanced patterns in bee biodiversity, phenological patterns of bees, and population trends over time of many co‐occurring species. These datasets could be used to quantify the relative effects that different aspects of environmental change have on bee communities and to help identify species of conservation concern.
Aquatic islands in the sky: 100 years of research on water‐filled tree holes
Authors: Petermann Jana S. , Gossner Martin M.
Published: August 2022

Water‐filled tree holes are unique ecosystems that may occur high up in tree crowns and are essentially aquatic islands in the sky. Insect larvae, mesofauna, and other organisms colonize the waterbodies and feed on the accumulating detritus. Water‐filled tree holes are not only important habitats for these species but have been used as model systems in ecology. Here, we review more than 100 years of research on tree‐hole inhabiting organisms and show that most studies focus on selected or even single species (most of which are mosquitoes), whereas only few studies examine groups other than insects, especially in the tropics. Using a vote counting of results and a meta‐analysis of community studies, we show that the effects of tree‐hole size and resources on abundance and richness were investigated most frequently. Both were found to have a positive effect, but effect sizes were modulated by site‐specific environmental variables such as temperature or precipitation. We also show that parameters such as the height of the tree holes above ground, tree‐hole density, predation, and detritus type can be important drivers of organism abundance or richness but are less often tested. We identify several important research gaps and potential avenues for future research. Specifically, future studies should investigate the structure, functions, and temporal dynamics of tree‐hole food webs and their cross‐system interactions, for example, with terrestrial predators that act as a connection to their terrestrial surroundings in meta‐ecosystems. Global observational or experimental tree‐hole studies could contribute pivotal information on spatial variation of community structure and environmental drivers of community assembly. With a better understanding of these unique aquatic habitats in terrestrial ecosystems, natural and artificial tree holes can not only serve as model systems for addressing fundamental ecological questions but also serve as indicator systems of the impacts of environmental change on ecosystems.
Fabrication and characteristics of electret using fine silica powder and its application of ultrasonic sensor
Authors: Kageyama Kensuke , Kobayashi Kakeru , Kawada Yoshiaki , Sakai Takenobu
Published: August 2022

Electrets were prepared by spin‐coating the dispersion of fine silica powders, and their charge retention characteristics were investigated. Finer silica aggregates were formed on the PTFE surface layer by spin‐coating the dispersed solution of fine silica powder than those formed by spray‐coating colloidal silica. Electrets using fine silica powder also showed better charge retention characteristics than those using colloidal silica. Such an improvement in the charge retention might be due to the suppression of discharge in the excessive gap caused by coarse silica aggregates. Then, ECSs were fabricated using the prepared electrets, and their transmitting and receiving characteristics of airborne ultrasound were also investigated. The peak sensitivity of the ECS using a spin coating of fine powdered silica dispersion was slightly improved from those using spray coating of colloidal silica. On the other hand, the peak frequency and frequency band were greatly improved using spin coating of fine powdered silica dispersion. Therefore, ECS using fine silica powder is expected to be applied as a broadband airborne ultrasonic sensor.
Diffusiophoresis of a cylindrical colloidal particle oriented parallel to an electrolyte concentration gradient field
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki
Published: August 2022

We derive the general expression for the diffusiophoretic mobility of a cylindrical particle oriented parallel to an applied electrolyte concentration gradient field in a symmetrical electrolyte solution. From the general mobility expression as combined with an approximate analytic expression with negligible error for the electric potential distribution around a cylinder, an accurate analytic mobility expression is obtained, which is applicable for arbitrary values of the particle zeta potential and the electrical double layer thickness. It is also found that the low zeta potential approximation is an excellent approximation for low‐to‐moderate values of the particle zeta potential.
Principal component analysis for river network data: Use of spatiotemporal correlation and heterogeneous covariance structure
Authors: Kim Kyusoon , Oh Hee‐Seok , Park Minsu
Published: August 2022

Spatiotemporal measurements observed through river networks have two distinct characteristics: a spatiotemporal correlation under the flow‐connected structure and the existence of heterogeneous covariances, which require a careful approach to implement principal component analysis (PCA). This paper focuses on developing a PCA method to reflect the unique characteristics of river networks. We propose a novel method combining flow‐directed PCA and geographically weighted PCA for the domain of river networks. The strengths of our approach are that it can (i) reduce dimensionality for streamflow data while effectively removing correlation among them and (ii) identify the group structure of data. It is possible to find essential patterns and sources of variation that may not be disclosed due to the attributes of flow‐connected networks. We apply the proposed method to the daily monitoring records of total organic carbon in the Geum River catchment area in South Korea. The results show that the proposed method successfully adjusts for the topological structure of the network and temporal correlation among observations while considering the spatial heterogeneity, enabling a more concrete understanding of monitoring networks.
A companion to the preclinical common data elements and case report forms for in vivo rodent neuroimaging: A report of the TASK3‐WG3 Neuroimaging Working Group of the ILAE/AES Joint Translational Task Force
Authors: van Vliet Erwin A. , Immonen Riikka , Prager Ofer , Friedman Alon , Bankstahl Jens P. , Wright David K. , O'Brien Terence J. , Potschka Heidrun , Gröhn Olli , Harris Neil G.
Published: August 2022

The International League Against Epilepsy/American Epilepsy Society (ILAE/AES) Joint Translational Task Force established the TASK3 working groups to create common data elements (CDEs) for various aspects of preclinical epilepsy research studies, which could help improve the standardization of experimental designs. In this article, we discuss CDEs for neuroimaging data that are collected in rodent models of epilepsy, with a focus on adult rats and mice. We provide detailed CDE tables and case report forms (CRFs), and with this companion manuscript, we discuss the methodologies for several imaging modalities and the parameters that can be collected.
Language style matching and treatment outcome in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Schaper Rachel , Nowotny Christina , Michalek Silke , Schmidt Ulrike , Brockmeyer Timo
Published: August 2022

Objective

Psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for anorexia nervosa (AN) but mechanisms of action are still largely unknown. Growing research suggests that synchrony between patient and therapist contributes to treatment success. Adding to this literature, this study examined the association between language style matching (LSM) among patient and therapist as an indicator of interpersonal (verbal) synchrony and treatment outcome in AN.

Method

Audio recordings of mid‐treatment therapy sessions (n = 25) in a multi‐centre randomized controlled trial on the Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults were transcribed and used to calculate LSM for each patient‐therapist dyad. These scores were used to predict treatment outcome at 12‐month follow‐up.

Results

LSM did not predict body mass index (primary outcome) at follow‐up. However, higher LSM (M = 0.87, SD = 0.04) was associated with lower eating disorder psychopathology (accounting for 11% of the variance) and higher recovery rates (accounting for 28% of variance) at follow‐up.

Conclusions

These preliminary findings suggest that verbal synchrony between patients with AN and their therapists contributes to favourable treatment outcomes. High levels of LSM may reflect therapeutic empathy, cooperation, or mutual positive perception. Further research should explore the mechanisms of linguistic synchrony with larger samples to allow for stronger conclusions.
A modified model‐free‐adaptive‐control‐based real‐time energy management strategy for plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Guo Hongqiang , Du Juan , Zhao Xuan
Published: August 2022

To further improve the energy‐saving potential and robustness of the energy management strategy (EMS) for plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in a real‐time application, this paper proposes a modified model‐free‐adaptive‐control‐based (MFAC‐based) EMS to overcome the disadvantages in our previous MFAC‐based EMS. First, the influence of external disturbance on MFAC‐based EMS is discussed, and the results show that both the vehicle velocity and load change have a significant impact on its performance. Second, a modified MFAC‐based real‐time EMS is designed based on history driving data obtained from a repeated route in which a state‐of‐charge (SOC)‐constraint‐based reference SOC planning method is firstly proposed to simultaneously consider the vehicle velocity and changing load. Then, global SOC constraints are incorporated in Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) to enhance the adaptive capability of the proposed method. Finally, the optimal solution of PMP (i.e., optimal constant) is deployed as a benchmark, and the performance of the modified MFAC‐based EMS (namely MFAC‐II and MFAC‐III) is in contrast to the previous one (MFAC for short) under various real‐world driving cycles. The results demonstrate that the MFAC‐III has a remarkable improvement in both economic performance and robustness. Particularly, the energy‐saving effectiveness is close to the global optimum one in some driving conditions.
In situ synthesis of heterogeneous NiSe2/MoSe2 nanocomposite for high‐efficiency electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Dai Tian‐Jun , Sun Jian , Peng Xiao‐Shan , Gong Jiang‐Ning , Zhou Zhang‐Yu , Wang Xin‐Qiang
Published: August 2022

Developing high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been considered as a crucial way to reduce energy loss in water‐splitting. Herein, heterogeneous NiSe2/MoSe2 (H‐NiSe2/MoSe2) nanocomposite constructed by metallic NiSe2 nanocrystallites embedded in few‐layer MoSe2 nanosheets has been in situ synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction. As an HER electrocatalyst, it delivers superior performance with an ultra‐small onset overpotential of 103 mV, a small overpotential of 147 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a low Tafel slope of 43.5 mV dec−1, and long‐term stability up to 18 h in 0.5 M H2SO4. The superior performance for HER can be ascribed to the unique embedded nanostructure, which can not only improve the overall conductivity of the nanocomposite but also greatly increase the exposed active sites. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of NiSe2 and MoSe2 hybrid facilitates the rapid electrons transfer from the electrode to the exposed MoSe2 edges to take part in the HER reaction, and thus promotes the HER performance. This study provides a simple route for fabricating bi‐metallic selenides‐based nanocomposite as an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for HER.