bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REFORMULASI KONSEP DAKWAH DI ERA MODERN (Kajian tentang Dakwah tehadap Ahl al-Kitāb)
Authors: Ahmad Ramli
Published: July 2019

In this modern era, dakwah activities must keep abreast of the times, including the concepts and methods used. Da'wah is used for this must be reformulated in accordance with the times. Similarly, the public is often called the Ahl al-Kitab (Nasrani and Yahudi), although it has done deviations agains this own holy book, so that their holy book is not pure anymore. Christians assume that Jesus was the son of God, as well as Jews assume that Uzayr is the Son of God. And they deny the coming of the last Prophet, the Prophet Muhammad. as described in their scriptures. That to realize there formulation da'wah of the Ahl al-Kitab. It is necessary to create harmony among religions depends on the willingness to improve relations in order to organize the future in to a better direction. So that constructive dialogue is necessary to build a community that has a concern. In addition, Muslims must be a lamp to the followers of the other. Various concepts and methods offered in the Quran and the Hadith of the Prophet in delivering dakwah appeal against the Ahl al-Kitab. Such as bi al-hikmah, al-Mauiz}ah, al-Muja>dalah, and tolerance a sever exemplified by the Prophet.
MEMPERBAIKI DISTORSI PERSEPSI INTERPERSONAL
Authors: Rustan Ahmad Sultra
Published: July 2019

Perception refers to the process by which we are aware of the stimulus that is about the sensory device and takes place at three stages: the stimulus of the sense device occurs, the stimulus is arranged, the stimulus is interpreted and evaluated. Perception distortion often occurs because the level of sensory accuracy has potential obstacles such as narrow thinking, stereotypes, and lack of cultural sensitivity. Performing perceptions of others is also complicated by the dynamic nature of humans in providing verbal and non-verbal clues. Perception has an influence on the quality of communication, because perception is an evaluation of information received and the basis in the process of establishing messages and relationships. Therefore, the improvement of perception accuracy can be done through (1) improving interpersonal attractiveness (2) communication style implementation in reducing uncertainty, (3) attribution process, (4) performing interpersonal confirmation.
KOMUNIKASI TRASENDENTAL
Authors: Nurhikmah Nurhikmah
Published: July 2019

Human ability to communicate is not limited to fellow human beings, but rather, also communicates with a Essence deemed to be God, God, or objects believed to have magical powers. Realization of human beliefs manifests slavery to God worthy of adoration through trasendental communication. Trasendental communication in Islam can be done through various media known as rituals of worship, both mandatory worship and worship of sunnah. Continuing worship is done in every day among other prayers
PENGARUH FOTO SELFIE TERHADAP KONSEP DIRI (STUDI KASUS MAHASISWA JURUSAN DAKWAH DAN KOMUNIKASI STAIN PAREPARE)
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Rustan Ahmad Sultra , Zulfah Zulfah
Published: July 2019

This study uses a quantitative approach to instrument design quantitative correlation. The data collection techniques used in this study is a questionnaire. Data analysis technique used is descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The theory used in this research is the theory of symbolic interaction, attribution theory and the theory of self-discloser. This is evidenced by analyzing data obtained from the results of a questionnaire of 100 respondents. The results obtained concerning the interpretation of data management value 0,0778≥ rtabel rhitung = 0.195. At the significant level of 5% then the alternative hypothesis is accepted
STRATEGI PENANGGULANGAN KENAKALAN REMAJA DI KELURAHAN BELAWA KECAMATAN BELAWA KABUPATEN WAJO
Authors: Angraini Najia , Ramli Ramli , Fakhruddin Zulfah
Published: July 2019

The many problems faced in life that cause a lot of negative access that is very troubling to the community. Access is, among others, increasingly widespread irregularities in the norms of religious and social life that are manifested in the form of juvenile delinquency. The purpose of this study was to find out what forms of juvenile delinquency occurred in Belawa Village, Belawa District, Wajo District. Knowing what strategies are used to overcome juvenile delinquency in Belawa Village, Belawa District, Wajo Regency. Then find out how the influence of juvenile delinquency strategies carried out by the government of Belawa Village, Belawa District, Wajo Regency.

This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach and in data collection using the method of observation, interviews, observing and documentation. As for the data analysis technique used is an inductive analysis technique, meaning that the data obtained in the field is specifically described in words that draw conclusions are general.

The results of the study are related to juvenile delinquency coping strategies in Belawa Village, Belawa District, Wajo Regency, namely: (1) Forms of juvenile delinquency that occur in Belawa Village include: racing and recklessness, using glue (fox glue), drinking oplosan ( komix), drinking liquor and drugs (2) The strategy carried out by the police in collaboration with the government of Belawa Village, religious leaders, and the community, including: counseling / socialization, patrolling, raids to sellers, parental attention, planting religious knowledge (3) Efforts to overcome juvenile delinquency committed by the government of Belawa Village, religious leaders, and parents have been maximized. Actions that are preventive ineffective, repressive have been effective and curative have been effective enough to overcome juvenile delinquency.
PENGARUH ORANG TUA TUNGGAL TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN SIKAP ANAK DI DESA BONE-BONE KECAMATAN BARAKA KABUPATEN ENREKANG
Authors: Pahira Pahira , Rustan Ahmad Sultra , Qadaruddin Muhammad
Published: July 2019

In every life someone will always be in touch with family. The family is a group that identifies themselves from its members consisting of two or more individuals, whether it is blood relations or legally, but functions in such a way that they consider themselves as family. It's different with single parent families, where there is only one parent, both father and mother. Family care patterns applied by parents in educating children are several ways: authoritarian parenting, muscle-loving parenting, democratic parenting, and caring patterns. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of single parents on the formation of children's attitudes in Bone-Bone Village, Baraka District, Enrekang Regency. This research is a type of quantitative research that examines the relationship of two variables. The number of samples in this study amounted to 28 people using saturated sampling techniques. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique used is to create a helper table, simple regression analysis, find the Syx value, regression b (Sb) and determine the value of the T test.

The results of this study indicate that (1) the care of single parents is in a pretty good category, namely: the average score of 36 which is located in the interval / qualification 39-35 is proven by analyzing the results of questionnaires from 28 respondents, the value of the range of variables X divided by the number of classes variable X. (2) the formation of children's attitudes in Bone-Bone Village, Baraka District, Enrekang Regency is in a pretty good category, namely: an average score of 45 which is located in the 48-45 interval / qualification as evidenced by analyzing the questionnaire of 28 respondents namely the range value variable Y is divided by the number of classes of variable Y. If the value of variable X is higher then the value of variable Y will also be higher. The dominant parenting pattern in this study is authoritative parenting, where care is high in demand and acceptance is also high. (3) Operant Conditioning and Social Learning Theory is very effective in forming children's attitudes. Where this theory is based on habituation and imitation of the environment. The results of the analysis on simple regression statistical tests, namely the t test, obtained the hypothesis test results that that t count (t0)> from 15.33 t table is 2.05. (15,33> 2,05). Thus, H_odi reject and H_adi accept, thus it can be concluded that there is a single parent influence on the formation of children's attitudes in Bone-Bone Village, Baraka District, Enrekang Regency.
Multimedia Interaktif dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Akidah Akhlak
Authors: Yuslinda Yuslinda
Published: July 2019

This article was focused on obtaining empirical data about the learning motivation of morality before it being taught by using interactive multimedia and obtain information whether the application of interactive multimedia can increase students 'motivation to learn at the Islamic Boarding Schools Darul' Ulum Ath-Thahiriyah.The research design used was one group pre tes and post tes design experiments, which means that in this experimental study there was only one experimental group. Subjects are subject to two measurements. The first measurement is done to measure the motivation of students to follow the process of learning the akidah akhlak (pre tes). The second measurement is measuring the motivation of students after following the akidah moral learning process (post tes).The results of this study are: (1) Motivation of students to follow the process of learning the akidah akhlak before being given treatment in the form of the application of interactive multimedia belonging to the high category. (2) The motivation of students to follow the moral learning process after being given treatment in the form of increased interactive multimedia application.. It shows that there is a significant relationship between the application of interactive multimedia with the improvement of learning motivation of students, so that the proposed hypothesis is accepted, that the application of interactive multimedia is effective in increasing the learning motivation of students to follow the learning process of morality
Student Team Achievement Division dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Jufri Muhammad
Published: July 2019

The importance of this research was the essence of learning trough student team achievement division and the implementation steps that have not been done on the research object. The level of learning was decided by students that  still need to be maximized to achieve the minimum completion criteria established by the school. The objective of the research is to know the form of implementation and effetiveness of learning trough Student Team Achievement Division in improving the outcomes (result) of learning lslamic Religion Education for the eleventh grade on SMK Negeri 1 Parepare. The research setting used in this research was a classroom action research which was conducted cyclically with experimental approach. The subjects of this research are the eleventh grade on SMK Negeri 1 Parepare and the numbers of the subjects were 25 student. The method of data collection as research instrument was tes, participant observation sheet, and documentation, the data analysis technique used.frequency distribution analysis. The research result found that Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) as learning strategy was effetive to improve the students learning outcomes of the eleventh grade of SMK Negeri I Parepare
Kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah dalam Pengembangan Profesionalisme Guru di Bidang Teknologi Informasi
Authors: Arief Muhammad
Published: July 2019

This article describes the headmaster of the madrasah leadershipand his  strategies and roles in developing teacher professionalism, and to describe the headmaster's leadership model in developing teacher professionalism in MAN 2 Parepare. The type of research was qualitative research with a case study design by taking data sources to the head of the madrasa and teachers through data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the headmaster's leadership must be able to carry out the task as an educator, manager, administrator, motivator, supervisor, innovator and leader. This study implications was the need for leadership attention to subordinates through the development of teacher professionalism. It is expected that each leader will immediately reevaluate his leadership model so far, and always strive to improve the professional development of teachers in the madrasa he leads.
Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Akidah Akhlak
Authors: Muammar Muammar , Suhartina Suhartina
Published: July 2019

This study aims to describe the application of learning media in increasing the interest in learning Aqidah Akhlak for students of MTs DDI Pacongang Pinrang. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Data is obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the use of audio-visual learning media is very supportive in learning activities, especially in learning Aqidah Akhlak . The pesetas students are very motivated when the learning uses the laptop/computer media, projector / LCD, and internet speaker network. In addition, the use of learning media in MTs DDI Pacongang has an important role in student learning interests, including feelings of joy and increased interest in the material. The implication of this study is that the teacher in delivering the learning material in the classroom must be clever in choosing the right media, the teacher must have creative and innovative ideas so that the learning atmosphere of students is more motivated and motivated.
HUBUNGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK DENGAN MEKANISME KOPING PADA REMAJA DI DESA PADANG KECAMATAN CAMPALAGIAN
Authors: Syarif Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Salah satu kebiasaan masyarakat saat ini yang dapat ditemui hampir di setiap akalangan masyarakat adalah perilaku merokok. Rokok tidaklah suatu hal yang baru dan asing lagi di masyarakat, baik itu laki-laki maupun perempuan, tua maupun muda. Orang merokok mudah ditemui, seperti di rumah, kantor, cafe, tempat-tempat umum, di dalam kendaraan, bahkan hingga di sekolah-sekolah (Redaksi Plus, 2010).Jumlah laki-laki yang merokok di Desa Padang pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 213 orang dan pada tahun 2017 meningkat menjadi 224..(Desa padang Kecamatan Campalagian Kabupaten Polewali Mandar tanggal 21 Januari 2018).

Dalam penelitian ini desain/rancangan yang digunakan adalah Dalam penelitian ini desain/rancangan yang digunakan adalah cross sectional yang merupakan rancangan penelitian yang pengukuran atau pengamatannya dilakukan secara stimultan pada satu saat (sekali waktu). (Aziz Alimul Hidayat, 2008. Jumlah Populasi 224 orang dengan sampel 24 orang, teknik pengambilan sampel accidental sampling.

Hasil Penelitian, uji statistik didapatkan bahwa hubungan  prilaku merokok (p = 0,000) dengan tingkat korelasi (r = 0,05)  mempunyai hubungan prilaku merokok dengan mekanisme koping remaja (p = >0,05 dengan tingkat korelasi (r = 0,05) terdapat hubungan pada prilaku merokok remaja.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan perilaku merokok remaja dengan mekanisme koping remaja desa padang  perlu diperhatikan untuk menurunkan angka perokok dan menurunkan tingkat stress yang terjadi di remaja akibat mekanisme koping yang belum baik.

 

Kata kunci          :    Perilaku Merokok, Mekanisme Koping

Daftar Pustaka   :    27 (2007-2014)
PERSEPSI KELOMPOK DISABILITAS MENTAL TERHADAP PERILAKU SEKSUAL DI SLBN PEKKABATA POLEWALI MANDAR SULAWESI BARAT
Authors: Amin Hadriyani , Multaazam Andi , Kurnaesih Een
Published: July 2019

Perilaku seksual kelompok remaja dengan disabilitas mental penting untuk dikaji  karena remaja disabilitas mental merupakan kelompok yang rentan mengalami pelecehan seksual dan melakukan perilaku seksual yang menyimpang. Tujuan penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi kelompok disabilitas mental terhadap perilaku seksual di SLBN pekkabata polewali mandar Sulawesi barat. Digunakan Metode Kualitatif dengan pendekatan wawancara secara mendalam. Informan penelitian ini sebanyak delapan orang yang terdiri dari informan biasa lima orang, informan pendukung dua orang dan informan kunci satu orang.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : (1) pengetahuan kelompok disabilita mental semakin tinggi pengetahun kesehatan reproduksi semakin rendah perilaku seksual pranikahnya; (2) sikap disabilitas semakin positif dan sikap remaja terhadap perilakunya semakin besar dengan intensitasnya untuk melakukan perilaku seksual; (3) tindakan penyandang disabilitas dalam hal aktivitas fisik, tidak menyentuh bagian intim; (4) perilaku seksual sangat beragam, pemicunya bisa karena pengaruh lingkungan,sosial budaya, penghayatan kegamaan , serta penerapan nilai-nilai; (5) aktivitas sosial berisiko belum paham tentang bahaya dari perilaku yang tidak normal. Disarankan agar penyandang disabilitas lebih maksimal menjaga kesehatan reproduksi dan sebaiknya pekerja sosial mengadakan penyuluhan tentang kesehatan reproduksi remaja, agar lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilakunya.
PENGARUH TEKNIK RELAKSASI GENGGAM JARI TERHADAP PENURUNAN INTENSITAS NYERI DISMINORE PADA MAHASISWI STIKES BINA GENERASI POLEWALI MANDAR
Authors: Kalsum Ummu
Published: July 2019

Dismenore adalah nama medis untuk menstruasi yang disertai dengan kram dan rasa sakit yang berlebihan. Relaksasi genggam jari adalah sebuah tekhnik relaksasi yang sangat sederhana dan mudah dilakukan oleh siapapun yang berhubungan dengan jari tangan serta aliran energi di dalam tubuh kita. Tekhnik genggam jari disebut juga finger hold.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Genggam Jari Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Disminore Pada Mahasiswi Stikes Bina Generasi PolewaliMandar.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Eksperimen dengan desain penelitian adalah quasy experiment dengan rancangan pre dan post test. Teknik sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah Consecutive Sampling dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 12 responden. Dalam penelitian ini pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, Analisis data menggunakan uji Mc.Nemar Test untuk melihat pengaruh pada satu variabel pengukuran dengan tingkat kemaknaan α=0,05.

Hasil pengolahan data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisa data dengan uji McNemar yang menunjukkan ada pengaruh teknik relaksasi genggam jari terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri disminore pada mahasiswi STIKES BinaGenerasi dengan tingkat signifikan p=0,04.
Electronic Banking and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Mutisya Maria Mueni , Atheru Gerald
Published: July 2019

Information technology has changed the traditional ways of doing business to a digital and electronic way that has led to globalization. The banking industry has been forced by the wave of electronic payment system in the business environment to change from its traditional ways such as: long queues as customers waited to be served, delay in the clearing house as representatives of different banks waited to settle their dues and manual work that resulted to errors. The main purpose of the study was to determine the effect of electronic banking on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the extend of internet, mobile, automated teller machine and debit/credit card banking adoption and its effect on financial performance. The study covered a period of five years that is from the year 2011 to the year 2015 and adopted descriptive research design. The data collected was analyzed by the use of both descriptive and inferential statistics procedures. Primary and secondary data was collected from the 34 commercial banks that responded leading to a respond rate of 79.04% out of the 43 commercial banks. The trade analysis showed that internet banking was recognized and accepted by the Kenyan commercial banks and the Kenyans as a way of transacting. Electronic banking was found to be positive and significantly related to the financial performance of the commercial banks in Kenya. This was attributed by an R Square of 0.688 for Return On Assets, 0.63 for Net Profit and 0.277 for Return On Equity indicating that the independent variables in the study were able to give information of up to 68.8%, 63% and 27.7% respectively while the remaining 31.2%, 27% and 72.3% could not be explained in the study but could be explained using other variables outside the study. All the independent variables were (internet banking, Mobile banking, Automated Teller Machine banking and Debit/Credit banking) found to be positively and significantly related to the Return On Assets while only mobile banking and internet banking were found to be positively and significantly related to Net Profit since their p Values were less 0.05. Automated Teller Machine banking showed a positive relation that was insignificant with the Return On Equity.The study recommends that, electronic banking should be employed by commercial banks through proper management policies since it has shown improved efficiency and financial performance. For further studies, areas of crime technology, quality of banking services, electronic fund transfer and performing loans should be looked at.

This is an open-access article published and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License of United States unless otherwise stated. Access, citation and distribution of this article is allowed with full recognition of the authors and the source.
Service Delivery and Performance of Kenya Commercial Bank Limited: A Critical Review of Literature
Authors: Chesaina Francis , Gitonga Esther
Published: July 2019

The overall goal of any business entity is to have the needs of customers satisfied. In the business world customers are the source of profit and revenue for the service organizations and improvements in service delivery leads to customer loyalty. Rapid developments in the business environment such as globalization have made organizations to adopt a spirit of completion and innovation so as to be able to meet the equally changing customer needs and expectations. In order to compete effectively, it has become essential for businesses to constantly improve on the quality of their products and services by marketing, product differentiation and cost reduction. The changes in the environment is forcing organizations to move from a retail model that emphasizes transaction processing and operational capabilities to one that focuses more effectively on the needs of customers, recognizing that they often vary across segments. In a move to optimize services and diminish costs, banks are regularly migrating towards a twenty four hour service where clients are enjoying the superior sense of independence that this creates. This study seeks to establish the effect of service delivery on performance of Kenya Commercial Bank Limited, Kenya. The review is based on SERVQUAL model Systems, Modelling Theory, Gaps Model of Service Quality and Theory of Performance. The literature reviewed indicates that service delivery by Kenya Commercial Bank improves organization performance. However, the specific service delivery channels and tools are noted to differ from one organization to the next. The level of service delivery will also be different and expected to influence organization performance. This is in line with SERVQUAL that requires assessing level and type of service delivery would lead to higher customer satisfaction and thus organization performance. The level of service quality in term of reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy and responsiveness are crucial to be studied. This review therefore recommends for an empirical study to assess how service delivery affects performance at KCB. KCB management is also recommended to put in place mechanisms of ensuring sustained service delivery and thus maintain above competition organization performance.

This is an open-access article published and distributed under the terms and conditions of the  Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License of United States unless otherwise stated. Access, citation and distribution of this article is allowed with full recognition of the authors and the source.
Employee Relations Strategies and Performance of Water and Sewerage Service Provider in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Authors: Wangila Rose Naliaka , Kiiru David
Published: July 2019

Employee relations is one of the key fundamental elements of organizational performance, prosperity and sustainability. Since good employee relations results in a highly committed, motivated and loyal employees there is need for organizations to develop strategies that will improve performance. Employee relations strategy involves decisions and actions made by the management affecting the way in which the organization relates with its employees. The general objective of this study was to establish the effect of employee relations strategies on the performance of Water and Sewerage service providers in Nairobi Kenya. The Water and Sewerage service provider under study was Nairobi City Water & Sewerage Company, Kenya owing to the fact that it is the largest service provider both in Nairobi and Kenya based on customer base and revenue turnover hence the findings were generalized to the entire population. The study was guided by the following specific objectives; to examine the effect of employee welfare, communication, employee participation and grievance resolution mechanism on the performance of Nairobi City Water & Sewerage Company, Kenya. The study was anchored on four theories; unitarist, pluralist, system and process theories. The study employed a descriptive design. The target respondents were 3534 staff cutting across all cadres. Stratified random sampling was applied to select 10% of respondent from each stratum of; senior managers, middle level managers, supervisors and support staff thus sample population was 354.Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and the results presented in tables. The study found that employee welfare, communication, employee participation and grievance resolution as components of employee relations strategies significantly influence organizational performance at Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company, Kenya and therefore various strategies to strengthen these components of employee relations strategies should be explored and put in place. The multiple regression analysis results indicated that variations in employee relations strategies discussed that is; employee welfare, communication, employee participation and grievance resolution explains 54.8% of the variations on organization performance at Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company Kenya meaning the other employee relations strategies for training, recruitment among others that influence performance of Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company. The study recommended that a similar study should be carried out in various organizations in other sectors of the economy to complement the findings.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Access, citation and distribution of this article is allowed with full recognition of the authors and the source.
Financial Innovations and Levels of Risks in Commercial Banks in Kenya
Authors: Abdullahi Hassan Maalim , Jagongo Ambrose O
Published: July 2019

The commercial banks need to identify the sources of the several financial risks which emanates from financial innovations, as they may affect the banks’ stability. This study sought to determine the influence of financial innovations on level of risks in commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the relationship between internet banking and financial risks in commercial banks in Kenya; to explore the relationship between mobile banking and financial risks in commercial banks in Kenya; to establish the relationship between agency banking and financial risks in commercial banks in Kenya; and to determine the relationship between electronic cards and financial risks in commercial banks in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was all the 42 commercial banks registered with CBK as at December 31st 2016. The unit of observation will be the risk management managers. This was a census study. The study collected both primary data and secondary data. Primary datawas collected from the respondents through a uestionnaire while secondary data was collected from the financial statements. Prior to the actual data collection, the questionnaire was tested for reliability and validity. The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics through aid of SPSS software Version 21. The inferential statistics entailed use of a multivariate regression analysis to establish the relationship between the variables and test hypothesis. The analyzed data was presented using of tables, charts and graphs.
Clinical Phenotypes Associated With Preterm Births at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Juma Edwin Omondi , Keraka Margaret , Wanyoro Anthony
Published: July 2019

Preterm birth is a global health problem. It is the leading cause of child and neonatal mortality globally including Kenya. Preterm birth is the birth occurring before 37 completed weeks of gestation. In Kenya, preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality as it contributes to 35% of deaths among the neonates while Kisumu County is among the county’s leading with child under-five mortality rate at 133 deaths per 1000 live births. The main objective of this study was to identify the clinical phenotypes associated with preterm birth in JOOTRH in Kisumu County. It was a cross sectional study based on women who had a preterm birth alive or stillbirth at JOORTH in Kisumu County. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 178 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Data was analyzed by computer software SPSS version 23; descriptive statistics was used together with inferential statistics (Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact test) to help in the identification of the statistical significance of any association between the variables. A p value of < 0.05 was used. Bivariate analysis was utilized to measure the strength of associations. Data presented by use of frequency tables and narrative description. Ethical clearance was sought from Kenyatta University Ethics and Review Committee, permit sought from NACOSTI, consent and assent from the respondents. Results showed that maternal age (p=0.011) to be statistical significant with preterm births. Clinical phenotypes based on maternal, fetal and placental conditions; preeclampsia/eclampsia (p=0.016), extrauterine infections which includes malaria, UTI and HIV (p=0.030), severe maternal conditions that includes DM, anaemia, cardiac disease, hypertension prior to pregnancy and TB (p=0.001), multiple gestations (p=0.013), fetal anomaly (0.048), IUGR (p=0.049), antepartum stillbirth (p=0.046) and APH/early bleeding that include placenta previa and placenta abruption (p=0.025) were all significantly associated with preterm births. On bivariate analysis between clinical phenotypes and preterm births, all except multiple gestation (p=0.416) and APH (p=0.660) remained statistically significant. All clinical phenotypes (maternal, fetal and placental conditions) were significantly associated with preterm births. All clinical phenotypes except multiple gestations and APH/early bleeding remained statistically significant after bivariate analysis. The study recommends the use of Barro’s classifications system of clinical phenotypes to phenotype all preterm births in JOOTRH. Early identification of maternal, fetal and placental conditions identified in this study to be associated with preterm births by adopting Barros’ phenotyping of preterm births as a strategy to help prevent the occurrence of PTBs and eventually reduce neonatal deaths and under-five mortality.
Investigating Clarinet Articulation Using a Physical Model and an Artificial Blowing Machine
Authors: Chatziioannou Vasileios , Schmutzhard Sebastian , Pàmies-Vilà Montserrat , Hofmann Alex
Published: July 2019

A time-domain physical model is presented that is capable of simulating a variety of articulation techniques in single-reed woodwind instruments and suitable for real-time sound synthesis. Due to the nonlinear nature of the excitation mechanism, an energy-based approach is adopted for
the construction of the numerical scheme in order to ensure algorithm stability. To validate the model, measurements are carried out using an artificial blowing machine. The construction of the machine, including a sensor-equipped reed and mouthpiece as well as an automated artificial tongue
and lip, is described in detail. By adjusting the motion of the tongue, the blowing machine can generate audio signals corresponding to portato and staccato articulation. These signals are resynthesised following an inverse modelling approach based on the presented physical model, during which
model parameters are estimated. All estimated parameters lie in a physically feasible range and may be used for sound synthesis and sound analysis applications.
The Characterization of Secondary Interstellar Neutral Oxygen beyond the Heliopause: A Detailed Analysis of the IBEX-Lo Oxygen Observations
Authors: Park Jeewoo , Kucharek Harald , Paschalidis Nikolaos , Szabo Adam , Heirtzler David , Möbius Eberhard , Schwadron Nathan A. , Fuselier Stephen A. , McComas David J.
Published: July 2019

In this study, we analyze the directional distribution of the secondary interstellar neutral (ISN) O population observed by the IBEX-Lo neutral atom camera on the Interstellar Boundary EXplorer (IBEX) via the comparison with simulated ISN O intensity maps produced by an analytical model. In the analytical model, we assume that there are primary and secondary ISN populations at the heliopause. We further assume that each population is represented by a Maxwellian velocity distribution function with its own flow parameters. For the viewing directions of IBEX-Lo, we compute the incoming atom speeds at the heliopause with a Keplerian equation of motion in the solar gravity field. Then, we calculate analytically the distribution function to obtain the ISN intensities at Earth’s orbit. We compare the simulated O intensity maps with the IBEX-Lo O sky map to determine the most likely flow parameters of the secondary ISN O population. Using this method, we find the most likely flow parameters of the secondary ISN O population:

km s−1,

,

, and

K. The results indicate that the secondary ISN O flow direction is deflected toward lower ecliptic longitude and higher negative ecliptic latitude from the ISN gas flow direction at the heliopause. The secondary ISN O flow direction is more deflected from the ISN gas flow direction than the secondary ISN He flow direction.
A New Analysis Procedure for Detecting Periodicities within Complex Solar Coronal Arcades
Authors: Allian Farhad , Jain Rekha , Hindman B. W.
Published: July 2019

We study intensity variations, as measured by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, in a solar coronal arcade using a newly developed analysis procedure that employs spatio-temporal autocorrelations. We test our new procedure by studying large-amplitude oscillations excited by nearby flaring activity within a complex arcade and detect a dominant periodicity of 12.31 minutes. We compute this period in two ways: from the traditional time–distance fitting method and using our new autocorrelation procedure. The two analyses yield consistent results. The autocorrelation procedure is then implemented on time series for which the traditional method would fail due to the complexity of overlapping loops and a poor contrast between the loops and the background. Using this new procedure, we discover the presence of small-amplitude oscillations within the same arcade with 9.13 and 9.81 minute periods prior and subsequent to the large-amplitude oscillations, respectively. Consequently, we identify these as “decayless” oscillations that have only been previously observed in nonflaring loop systems.
A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). II. Physical Properties Derived from the SED Fitting with Optical, Infrared, and Radio Data
Authors: Toba Yoshiki , Yamashita Takuji , Nagao Tohru , Wang Wei-Hao , Ueda Yoshihiro , Ichikawa Kohei , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Akiyama Masayuki , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Kajisawa Masaru , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Noboriguchi Akatoki , Onoue Masafusa , Schramm Malte , Tanaka Masayuki , Komiyama Yutaka
Published: July 2019

We present physical properties of radio galaxies (RGs) with f
1.4 GHz > 1 mJy discovered by Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) and Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST) survey. For 1056 FIRST RGs at 0 < z ≤ 1.7 with HSC counterparts in about 100 deg2, we compiled multi-wavelength data of optical, near-infrared (IR), mid-IR, far-IR, and radio (150 MHz). We derived their color excess (E(B − V)*), stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), IR luminosity, the ratio of IR and radio luminosity (q
IR), and radio spectral index (α
radio) that are derived from the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting with CIGALE. We also estimated Eddington ratio based on stellar mass and integration of the best-fit SEDs of active galactic nucleus (AGN) component. We found that E(B − V)*, SFR, and IR luminosity clearly depend on redshift while stellar mass, q
IR, and α
radio do not significantly depend on redshift. Since optically faint (i
AB ≥ 21.3) RGs that are newly discovered by our RG survey tend to be high redshift, they tend to not only have a large dust extinction and low stellar mass but also have high SFR and AGN luminosity, high IR luminosity, and high Eddington ratio compared with optically bright ones. The physical properties of a fraction of RGs in our sample seem to differ from a classical view of RGs with massive stellar mass, low SFR, and low Eddington ratio, demonstrating that our RG survey with HSC and FIRST provides us curious RGs among entire RG population.
Landscape-level Biodiversity Assessment in Plantation Forests of Northern Portugal with the Fuzzy-logic Approach
Authors: Cosovic Marija , Biber Peter , Bugalho Miguel , Botequim Brigite , Borges Jose
Published: July 2019

Motivation and objective: Because biodiversity conservation in forest management planning is necessary for ensuring regular ecosystem functioning, resilience and sustainability, the specific objective of this research was to quantify biodiversity at the landscape level in a forest plantation.

Case study: Vale de Sousa, Forest Intervention Zone (ZIF), is located in the North of Portugal. ZIFs were formed all over the county with the objective to prevent forest fires, desertification and the abandonment of rural areas. The total case study area is 14.773 ha, mainly covered by plantation forests. The predominant forest species are maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) and blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus) either as pure or mixed stands.

Methods:Fuzzy-logic system can serve as a platform for bundling expert knowledge on estimating ecosystem services provision and examining the consequences of contradictory expert views. The method was used to evaluate biodiversity as was recently proposed and demonstrated by Biber et al. (2018) in the context of the European Union (EU) project ALTERFOR (Alternative models and robust decision-making for future forest management - https://www.alterfor-project.eu/key-facts.html). In this study, we applied a fuzzy-logic approach for testing three biodiversity indicators: resident birds, heterogeneity of tree species diameter, and tree and shrub species richness. This approach generates scores for the rotation period of each plantation species between 0 (very low) and 1 (very high) for biodiversity categories. It also allows qualitative value rules regarding the above indicators. Scores are established according to stakeholder’s knowledge and validated by experts. Initially, the scores for each indicator are expressed as coloured matrices, but a final fuzzy output of biodiversity is expressed as a score between 0 and 1.

Results: Our fuzzy outputs demonstrated low scores for biodiversity in monoculture stands, but medium scores in mixed stands. Tree and shrub species richness and diameter heterogeneity have low scores in analysed plantations but need to be tested in other forest types. However, the score for resident birds had medium values in monoculture forests, but due to the low score of the other biodiversity indicators, the overall biodiversity score is low.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate that monocultures have the lowest score for biodiversity due to the zero level of all biodiversity indicators after the clear cut. Mixed stands have different periods of clear cut and this contributes to a higher score for biodiversity in general (fuzzy output). The fuzzy-logic approach is a very useful tool that may contribute to include biodiversity conservation in forest management decisions. This approach can be potentially used for the assessment of other biodiversity indicators (e.g. deadwood, large trees) in other forest types (including semi-natural and natural forests).
“Atlantic Gap or Network of Opportunities?” Spanish-American Cultural Relations, Women, and Diplomacy (1959-1975)
Authors: Rodríguez-Escobar Moisés , Rodríguez-Jiménez Francisco
Published: July 2019

The geopolitical context of what would later come to be called the “global village” made governments pay more attention to their external image and the public opinion of third-world countries. The previous emphasis on the development of military or economic alliances (hard power) was complemented with alternative views, other ways of connecting with different global societies (soft power). Relations between the United States and Spain did not escape this general dynamic. Here, we evaluate the extent to which this connection affected women’s access to higher education in Spain. With the Residencia de Señoritas, there was a narrowing of the educational and cultural exchange relations between the two countries. After the abrupt cessation of the civil war, the establishment of the Fulbright program in the 1959-60 academic year allowed Spain to recover and to intensify the exchanges that had taken place since the beginning of the century. We will see what the fields of study in this prestigious exchange program were, and analyze to what extent the training received on the other side of the Atlantic facilitated the professional careers of the Spanish Fulbrigthers upon their return.
Micro-machismo and discrimination in academia: The violation of the right to equality in university
Authors: Montes-López Estrella , Groves Tamar
Published: July 2019

The history of the university has been the history of a patriarchal institution traditionally dominated by men. The aim of this article is to show that women have suffered and continue suffering an unequal treatment in academia. The methodology used is qualitative, using forty-three in-depth interviews with academics of a Spanish public university. Experiences and practices that violate the right to equality in academia emerge from their discourses. Among them, we pay special attention to those which can be defined as micro-machismo in labour relationship within the university and related to discrimination against women in the development of professional careers. These results show that gender equality continues being an old aspiration in universities.
Barriers to Strategic Leadership in Education
Authors: Cobbinah Joseph Ezale
Published: July 2019

The concept of strategic leadership has been in the discourse of corporate governance and management but in recent days, strategic leadership has become a concept in education literature. Strategic leadership is also relevant in education more especially in a PK-12 educational setting. This chapter focuses on the barriers that hinder strategic leadership in education. Although school leaders in PK-12 educational setting are making efforts to bring improvement in their institutions there are some factors that militate against the strategies that school leaders adapt to bring improvement. Overcoming the challenges will not only help PK-12 school leaders to become very effective but also will make them more efficient in their work as school leaders.
How the Three R's Model (Relationships, Rigor, and Relevance) Addresses School Dropout Issues
Authors: Brown Sidney
Published: July 2019

Struggling schools are nothing new, nor are the efforts of the many local and state efforts to improve them. However, the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act demanded dramatic and sustainable change with the implementation date of this change to take impact date in 2009. President Obama knew that most underperforming schools could not meet this deadline, so his administration extended the date. This chapter explores how the three R's model addresses school dropout issues.
Transformational Leadership Initiatives Driving P-12 School Change
Authors: Wardell Ted , Bevere James , McCarty Julia , Smith William , Mulvaney Tracy , Niesz Lauren
Published: July 2019

In this chapter, educational leaders who are driving school change through transformational leadership initiatives share their stories. The authors range in their respective roles with an elementary school classroom teacher, a math-science departmental supervisor, a high school principal and a district superintendent. Each case study describes the implementation of a transformative leadership project from the main idea and impetus driving each project to the implementation methods and outcomes of each respective endeavor. The first project describes a teacher's addition of cultural-driven morning meetings to an elementary school classroom. The teacher discusses the necessity and how-to of implementing culture-driven morning meetings in the classroom and reflects on the overall impact on her students. A school superintendent leads the reader through his process of increasing rigor at the start of high school through the implementation of Advanced Placement (AP) courses for ninth-grade students. Next, a high school principal discusses an innovative blended learning program in a low socioeconomic district including the special challenges experienced. Finally, a high school math supervisor describes the school-wide implementation of Khan Academy for SAT preparation.
Risk Management as Knowledge Production
Authors: Marshall Alasdair James , Ojiako Udechukwu , Williams Terry , Al-Mazrooie Jumah Rashid , Lin Fenfang , Chipulu Maxwell
Published: July 2019

Rapid national infrastructure growth, as witnessed today in many countries such as the United Arab Emirates, commonly makes fast-tracking demands of what are already highly complex multi-stakeholder projects. Considering the long history of airport project failures in a number of fast-growing cities, the chapter explores risk management enhancements for addressing the challenges associated with transitions from project completion to commencement of operations. The proposed solution in the pages that follow is to have in place dedicated risk management teams spanning the transitions. These teams should provide a locus for stakeholder collaboration based on a shared concern to build excellence into the customer experience from commencement of operations onwards.