bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel signal conditioning system for SODAR
Authors: Chourey Parag , Singh Nirbhow Jap , Soni Kirti , Agarwal Ravinder
Published: July 2022

The sonic detection and ranging (SODAR) instrument is widely used for measuring the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). SODAR operates on an acoustic principle and creates an ABL structure using air-backscattered signals. These signals have extremely low amplitude and are highly susceptible to environmental noise. In this paper, a novel signal conditioning circuit with high gain, low noise, and high quality factor (Q) has been designed for the preamplifier of SODAR. This signal conditioning circuit is comprised of an ultra-low noise amplifier and a dual-amplifier band-pass filter. The designed preamplifier circuit is implemented with SODAR at the CSIR-National Physical Laboratory in New Delhi. The electrical characteristics of the proposed system are compared to the existing design of a single low-noise amplifier and state variable filter. The gain and signal-to-noise ratio performance of the designed preamplifier circuit are significantly improved in comparison to the existing one.
Size effects in stress propagation and dynamics of dislocations: Fe–Ni–Cr steel
Authors: Kozioł Zbigniew
Published: July 2022

Movement of line dislocations in fcc steel 310S is found to depend on the size of nanometer sized structures, based on modeling within molecular dynamics (MD). The effect is attributed to time (and size) dependencies of pressure propagation into the medium interior. The observation is crucial in interpreting any MD studies of pressure effects since these are governed by time-dependent internal virial stresses. In particular, velocity of dislocations scales better with value of local internal shear component of virial stress S

xy
than with external shear pressure applied. Dynamics of stress penetration is described well within the model of damped harmonic oscillator, where characteristic oscillation frequency depends on number of crystallographic layers in direction along the wave propagation while the speed of stress propagation is the speed of sound. The minimal stress required for dislocation movement (Peierls stress) is determined to be 0.75 GPa. Pressure and temperature effects on dislocation movement are systematically investigated.
A facile fabrication of ratiometric electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of riboflavin based on hierarchical porous biochar derived from KOH-activated Soulangeana sepals
Authors: Yu Qi , Zou Jin , Peng Guanwei , Gao Feng , Gao Yansha , Fan Guorong , Chen Shangxing , Lu Limin
Published: July 2022

Herein, a facile ratiometric electrochemical method was developed for sensitive sensing of riboflavin (RF) based on hierarchical porous biochar (HPB) modified electrode. In this sensing system, the reference paracetamol (PA) was directly added into electrolyte solution without the requirement of complex immobilization process. HPB derived from KOH-activated Soulangeana sepals displays hierarchical porous structure, high specific surface area and rich oxygen-containing functional groups, which is favorable for RF adsorption and enrichment. Besides, the excellent electronic conductivity and superior electrocatalytic activity of HPB can effectively promote the electrooxidation of RF. Moreover, the dual-signal strategy greatly improves the reproducibility and reliability of electrochemical detection. Based on the proposed ratiometric sensing platform, the sensor exhibits a wider linear range of 0.0007–10 μM and a lower limit of detection of 0.2 nM. The method also presents good selectivity and has been applied to the determination of RF in milk samples with satisfactory results.
Qualitative direction questions in online assessment using a compass clock face
Authors: Lim (林百君) Kieran Fergus
Published: July 2022

The ability to interpret, select, use and construct appropriate diagrams is fundamental for the study of physics and other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Despite the importance of using and constructing appropriate diagrams in STEM, the ability to incorporate freehand drawing, or similar capabilities, into online formative and summative assessment is largely unavailable to educators. This paper reports on a new compass clock face question type that can be easily implemented within the quiz feature of any learning management system. This question type has many features of a freehand drawing response for testing particular concepts. Online examination questions from a first-year undergraduate unit at the author’s home institution are presented as examples.
Plasma profile tomography for EAST based on integrated data analysis
Authors: Liu Zijie , Luo Zhengping , Wang Tianbo , Huang Yao , Wang Yuehang , Yu Qingze , Rui Wangyi , Yuan Qiping , Xiao Bingjia , Li Jiangang
Published: July 2022

In this study, a plasma profile reconstruction algorithm based on integrated data analysis (IDA) is proposed, which incorporates various diagnostics and can provide two-dimensional distributions of plasma current and electron density. The IDA algorithm based on Bayesian inference combines limited data from multiple diagnostics and builds models in a probabilistic manner, overcoming the limitations of models based on just external magnetic diagnostics and providing more accurate results. To reduce the probability of unreasonable solutions, two Gaussian priors are established: conditional autoregressive prior and squared exponential kernel function prior, which constrain the plasma current and electron density, respectively. Compared to the models based on only magnetic diagnostics, the IDA model improves the current distribution in the core and increases the accuracy of plasma profile reconstruction.
Intensity fluctuations in biological tissues at any turbulence strength
Authors: Ata Yalçın , Gökçe Muhsin Caner , Baykal Yahya
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the intensity fluctuations of the optical plane and spherical waves in biological tissue that experience any strength of turbulence. Biological tissue is a random and complex medium for optical wave propagation, having a power spectrum reflecting the turbulent characteristics that depend on the structural parameters. It is important to accurately determine the strength of turbulence and classify turbulence regimes for the correct modeling of the behavior of the optical wave propagation. To classify weak, moderate and strong turbulent regimes, closed-form expressions of modified Rytov variances are obtained. Based on the modified Rytov variance that involves the large-scale and small-scale variations, the intensity fluctuations specified by the metric of scintillation index, are calculated versus various parameters such as the propagation distance, refractive index, characteristic length of heterogeneity, small length-scale factor, wavelength, fractal dimension and strength of the refractive index fluctuations. Behavior of optical plane and spherical waves in different turbulent regimes and the comparison of intensity fluctuations in different specimens of human and animal tissues are shown.
Facile synthesis and characterization of metal ions (Ce, Cu, Gd, Mn and Y) doped Nickel Oxide nanostructures for spintronic and photodiode applications
Authors: Marnadu R , Venkatesan S , Alkallas Fatemah H , Ben Gouider Trabelsi Amira , Shkir Mohd , AlFaify S
Published: July 2022

Multiphase hexagon and flower-shaped structures of NiO nanocomposites have been prepared with different metal ions (Ce, Cu, Gd, Mn and Y) using facile and low-cost co-precipitation method. The optical, structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of the synthesized nanostructures have been investigated. The XDR measurement reveals the coexistence of several crystal structures like cubic, monoclinic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic which unveils the formation of polymorphism in the nanocomposites with high crystallinity. A wideband has been located in the FT-IR spectra at around 600 cm−1 revealing the metal oxide (M-O) phase formation. DRS exhibits four large and intense absorption bands at 260, 380, 420, and 720 nm in the UV and visible domains assigned to the nanocrystalline phases of NiO, CuO, CeO, and MnO, respectively. SEM images of metal-doped nickel oxide nanocomposites show a white sponge, semi-spherical, flower-like, and hexagon-shaped particles of 15 nm size. TEM result establishes a smooth surface for samples grown from gadolinium and yttrium, contrary to other samples made off cerium and manganese demonstrate a rough surface. A ferromagnetic tendency has been located for samples prepared from copper, manganese, and gadolinium-based NiO nanocomposites with coercivities of 132, 113, and 26 Oe, correspondingly. Photodiode characteristics were also investigated on the developed devices. These outcomes signify their use in spintronic and optoelectronic industries.
First Implementation of Pulsed Sodium Guidestars Constellation for Large-aperture Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics Telescopes
Authors: Bian Qi , Bo Yong , Zuo Jun-Wei , Li Min , Feng Lu , Wei Kai , Wang Rui-Tao , Li Hong-Yang , Peng Qin-Jun , Xu Zu-Yan
Published: July 2022

Multiple synthetic beacons are required for atmospheric-turbulence compensation in an extended-field-of-view multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) telescope. In this paper, we report on the first successful implementation of a microsecond-pulse sodium guidestars constellation laser system, based on a small angle precise polarized combining and splitting technology. At Lijiang Observatory of China, four-ways ∼20 W yellow laser beam with kHz repetition-rate and hundred-μs pulse width were projected into the sky through one small-aperture launching telescope, and generated a distinctive four-point grouping on a field of view of 40″ with variable configurations of linear, parallelogram, rhomboid and square. The sodium return signal could easily avoid Rayleigh light interference by the pulse synchro controlling technology delivering a higher spatial resolution. Moreover, the increase in return photons for alternated circularly and alternated linearly polarized light has been investigated. We believe that the above results could serve as a future reference for the MCAO system on large-aperture telescopes worldwide.
Optimization of cryogenic calorimetric detection with lithium molybdate crystals for AMoRE-II experiments
Authors: Kim W.T. , Kim S.C. , Sharma B. , Gileva O. , Grigorieva V.D. , Jeon J.A. , Lee C.H. , Kim D.Y. , Kim H.L. , Kim H.J. , Kim S.G. , Kim S.R. , Kim Y.D. , Kim Y.H. , Lee H.J. , Lee M.H. , Lee S.W. , Ra S.J. , Shin K.A. , Shlegel V.N. , Seo J.W. , So J.H. , Son J.K.
Published: July 2022

The AMoRE collaboration is preparing for the second phase of
the experiment, AMoRE-II, which will exploit a 100 kg of 100Mo
isotopes to search for neutrinoless double beta decay from the
isotope. Most of the 100Mo isotopes will be contained in the
lithium molybdate (Li2MoO4) crystals, which will act as
absorbers of cryogenic calorimeters coupled to MMC (metallic
magnetic calorimeter) sensors. The detector array will have a total
mass of approximately 200 kg with hundreds of detector
modules. Hence, considerable effort has been taken to optimize the
lithium molybdate crystal detector in terms of the detector
performance and preparation procedure to build many detector modules
in a reasonable schedule without compromising the detector
performance. We found some critical experimental conditions to
improve the energy resolution in a series of test experiments. In
this paper, we discuss the effect of surface treatment and thermal
link connection in improving the energy resolution from 14–15 keV
to below 7 keV at 2.615 MeV, 208Tl gamma line, which is near
the Q-value of the decay of 100Mo, 3.034MeV. We also report
the high discrimination power for the separation of alpha particles
using the simultaneous scintillation light detection with a test
performed in the cryogen-free dilution refrigerator.
Evaluating power grid model hydropower feasibility with a river operations model
Authors: Magee T M , Turner S W D , Clement M A , Oikonomou K , Zagona E A , Voisin N
Published: July 2022

Production cost models (PCMs) simulate dispatch of generators across a large power grid and are used widely by planners to study the reliability of electricity supply. As energy systems transition away from the thermoelectric technologies that have traditionally balanced electricity supply and demand, hydropower and its representation in PCMs is of increasing importance. A limitation of PCMs applied to continental power grids with diverse generation portfolios is that hydropower generation is simulated without full consideration of complex river dynamics, leading to possible misrepresentation of grid flexibility and performance. In addition, data used in PCMs may reflect outdated operating policies. In this paper we propose a hydropower generation feasibility test for PCMs. The approach uses a detailed hydropower model to determine whether the hourly hydropower schedule from a PCM with simplified monthly parameterization can be attained after accounting for realistic river dynamics and operating policies, such as spill requirements and general water movement and balance through a cascade reservoir system. We perform this hydropower generation test for the ‘Big 10’ hydropower system on the Columbia River (part of the Western Interconnect of the United States), revealing 9% overestimation of available hydropower generation in a PCM solution in an average hydrologic year. Our evaluation provides insight on the cost and opportunities for better representing hydropower in PCMs.
The use of high-protein vegetable raw materials in the production of fermented drinks
Authors: Miller Yu Yu , Kiseleva T F , Permyakova L V , Pomozova V A
Published: July 2022

The most popular vegetable materials with a high protein content are legumes; wheat is of special importance among cereals. Their use in beverage production will make it possible to obtain products with increased nutritional values due to a higher content of protein and amino acids. The use of legumes without special treatment can adversely affect the quality of drinks. The article describes the possibility of producing fermented drinks based on soybean and wheat malts that have been malted using organic acids. This made it possible to obtain malt with higher extractivity, fermentation, and a high content of amino acids. A technology has been developed for fermented drinks based on a mixture of soybean and wheat malts. At the mashing stage, it is recommended to increase the duration of the protein pause up to 50 minutes for deeper proteolysis; dry baker's yeast "Saf-instant" is proposed for fermentation. It has been experimentally confirmed that the use of this raw material can increase the yield of amino acids in malt wort by 20-25%, and water-soluble protein by 50-150%. Ready-made fermented drinks comply with the standard requirements for fermented drinks in terms of quality, and contain malic, citric, succinic, lactic acids, essential and essential amino acids in higher concentrations compared to grain kvass. The mass fraction of water-soluble protein is 17.1-28.9 mg / 100 cm3, the total content of essential amino acids is 15.37-20.23 mg / 100 cm3 (depending on the recipe and soy malt content), which is 2.5-4.2 times more in protein and 1.4 -1.8 times more in amino acids compared to grain kvass
Innovative technology for cleaning seeds from dust and impurities during the etching process
Authors: Vyalykh V A , Burmistrov A N , Gulevsky V A
Published: July 2022

Quite often, seeds intended for etching contain a large amount of impurities on which the working fluid of the preparations settles. As a result, the quality of seed dressing decreases. This article discusses the quality problems of pre-sowing treatment of seeds, mainly grain and leguminous crops, with protective-stimulating drugs and their mixtures with modern mobile etchants. Their design features are analyzed with the identification of shortcomings that reduce the degree of penetration of drugs into the seed up to the embryo and, accordingly, the quality of the cultivated crop. The necessity of performing the upper cavity of the inclined intake screw of the machine with exhaust holes for dust and impurities with the placement of a vacuum chamber above it in the form of a hemispherical casing connected by means of a corrugated sleeve to the cavity of the aspirator filter housing and an electric fan impeller placed above it is substantiated. The main advantage of such constructive solution is the complete cleaning of seeds from dust and impurities before they enter the etching chamber of the unit.
Processing microalgae for use as a suppliment in food industry
Authors: Iskusnykh O Yu , Iskusnykh A Yu , Iskusnykh D O
Published: July 2022

Raw bioresources for food production are the object of attention and study worldwide. Protein deficiency in nutrition is a global problem that is difficult to solve based on traditional crop and livestock resources. Microalgae is a valuable protein-mineral-vitamin supplement to human food, capable of increasing the adaptive potential of the body. The advantage of microalgae as a source of protein and essential micronutrients lies in the economy of their cultivation using simple nutrient media. Microalgae are promising for use as functional food products both in biomass (powders, syrups) and as sources of biologically active substances. Unlocking the potential of microalgae requires advanced methods of biotechnology and synthetic biology, which is associated with the need to isolate and modify the secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria to obtain a wide range of biologically active ingredients. Microalgae is a promising dietary supplement for creating innovative food products that are beneficial to health. The development of innovative food products containing microalgae requires the complex work of scientists and practitioners from all branches of the food industry. We are currently beginning a journey towards creating products enriched with microalgae.
Modification of protein products from sesame seeds by treatment of electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequencies to optimize functional properties
Authors: Bugayets N A , Usatikov S V , Tereshchenko I V , Shamkova N T , Bugayets O N
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study is the modification of sesame seed proteins by treatment with extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMF). It was found that treatment with ELF EMF with the following parameters: treatment duration T = 10 min, frequency ω = 12 Hz, current I = 9 A, increases the water and fat-holding capacity of full-fat flour.
Development of a method for efficient extraction of food raw materials
Authors: Iskakov I Zh , Lanina E E , Alekseev A V , Kravtcova E V , Shanin V A , Egorova O A
Published: July 2022

Optimization of extracting food products from plant raw materials using a mathematical model is suggested. The model has been derived for the analysis of extracting pectin from Jerusalem artichoke. Multistage anti-cyclic extraction, non-stationary diffusion for the initial element of the processed raw material in the form of plates is considered. The calculations take into account the effect of reverse solvent change, the time of the solvent drain from the solid phase, among other process parameters. The derived equation makes it possible to analyze the effect of the impregnation of a part of the miscella at an intermediate stage of a countercurrent multistage extraction on the efficiency of the process. The correctness of the mass conductivity coefficient calculations was confirmed using the performance indicators of the extractor. Based on the data obtained, a mathematical model was created that describes the extraction process with a variable coefficient of mass conductivity. Thus, it is possible to determine the optimal parameters of the process including the rate of fluid flow through the material, the crushed material particle size, the thickness of the particles, and the processing time.
The use of the modified porcine testicular protein mass in cooked sausage production
Authors: Nasonova V V , Baburina M I , Motovilina A A
Published: July 2022

The paper presents the results of the investigation of the cooked sausage production technology with the use of the protein component obtained by hydrolytic modification of endocrine raw materials (pork testicles) as a protein component. The protein component was obtained from testes by treatment with the 20% solution of lactic acid at a temperature of 60 0C for 4 hours with the hydromodulus of 1:1. It is shown that addition of up to 15% of modified raw materials into the food system allows obtaining a functional product with improved physico-chemical characteristics. The product, cooked sausage, with inclusion of treated pork testicles contained more than 11% of protein, 20% of fat and had an increased potassium content compared to a traditional meat product. The introduction of a protein ingredient from pork testicles into the recipe of a sausage product made it possible to improve the characteristics of the product in terms of the potential consumption of important trace elements. The conducted production tests showed the possibility of using a protein composite based on the testes of slaughtered animals after fermentation in the production technology of boiled sausage products.
Whey proteins hydrolysis using Alcalase and Flavourzyme
Authors: Sereda A S , Kostyleva E V , Velikoretskaya I A , Tsurikova N V
Published: July 2022

One of the ways to solve the problem of whey utilization is to obtain enzymatic hydrolysates with bioactive properties and reduced antigenicity. A wide range of enzyme preparations are used for whey hydrolysis. The aim of the study was to select the conditions for enzymatic processing of whey protein concentrate to provide the most complete hydrolysis of all basic whey proteins using the most popular proteolytic enzyme preparations for the food industry – Alcalase and Flavourzyme. It was found that the completeness of whey proteins hydrolysis, determined by the yield of soluble and low molecular weight protein, as well as by the disappearance of protein bands on electrophoregrams of the obtained hydrolysates, largely depends on the enzyme preparations dosages and preliminary heat treatment of the substrate. Combined hydrolysis of the pretreated whey protein concentrate with 1% Alcalase and 2% Flavourzyme for 20.5 h at 50°C with stirring allows one to convert about 70% of whey proteins to a stable soluble state, not denatured by heating at 90°C, and 50% of the hydrolyzed protein has a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa. This treatment provides the elimination of the main antigenic whey proteins and obtaining the hydrolysates with a degree of hydrolysis of 36%, determined using the formol titration method.
Optimization of the recipe of enriched processed cheese based on generalized desirability function
Authors: Evdokimova O V , Simonenkova A P , Evdokimov N S , Goncharova I V , Chuvardin G S , Pyanikova E A
Published: July 2022

The modern dairy market is overcrowded with processed cheeses with various flavors, but there are not enough antioxidant products on the consumer market. Domestic technologies of the production of new generation food products with specified characteristics, including functional and enriched ones, are being introduced into production very slowly. A functional nutritional mixture with antioxidant properties has been developed in order to enrich processed cheese with biologically active substances and partial replacement of raw milk. In the enriched processed cheese, a part of milk raw material was replaced with a nutritious mixture in the amount of 2, 4 and 6%. Processed cheese “Russian” was chosen as a control one. The requirements have been developed for the organoleptic characteristics of enriched processed cheese, taking into account the nutritional mixture introduced into the recipe. The results of the organoleptic assessment showed that the option with the introduction of 4% nutritional mixture (29.8) scored the highest total points, the option with the introduction of 6% nutritional mixture scored the smallest total points - 24.9, since there was a slight spicy-bitter aftertaste. A qualimetric assessment of organoleptic parameters and chemical composition of three processed cheeses was carried out using the method of generalized desirability function of S. Harrington. Using the interval ranges of the values of the generalized desirability function, it was found that the values of the function for all cheese recipes are in the range “good” (D = 0.63 ... 0.80). It has been foun that the greatest generalized desirability function (Dj) is characteristic of such groups as microelements, general chemical composition, organoleptic characteristics, a smaller Dj group of macroelements and vitamins. Of the three options for processed cheese recipes, the option with the introduction of 4% nutrient mixture has the greatest value in all respects.
Evaluation of the effect of fermentation conditions on the functional and technological characteristics of the semifinished meat product
Authors: Safonova Yu A , Skrypnikov A V , Kovaleva E N , Lemeshkin A V , Machtakov S G
Published: July 2022

The article proposes the implementation of a software application that allows assessing the quality of meat products, the formulation of which includes biomodified secondary raw materials. The authors conducted a study of the process of developing a recipe for a meat product with a modified component, developing a mathematical model that takes into account the effect of enzyme dosages and fermentation conditions on the functional and technological characteristics of a meat semi-finished product. This includes determining the optimal values of process parameters and compounding a new product, software implementation of product quality assessment using secondary meat raw materials. The authors of the article have developed new technologies focused on the intensification of a complex of biochemical transformations that take place in meat raw materials in the process of salting and precipitation in the production of sausages. One of the ways to solve this problem is connected with the biotechnological principle of modification of meat raw materials – directed regulation of the course of biotechnological, physico-chemical and microbiological processes, as a result of which the structure, color and flavor characteristics of the finished product are formed. The practical interest of this study is the development of a software module that allows you to calculate the optimal composition of the formulation, taking into account the quality indicators of the resulting product.
Dynamics of technologically significant indicators of raw milk when using biologically active substances
Authors: Aristov A V , Shaposhnikov I T , Kotsarev V N , Glinkina I M , Golovyashkin V A , Semyonov S N
Published: July 2022

The biochemical characteristics of processed milk are influenced by many factors, such as animal welfare, genetics, feed supply and veterinary support. One of the main directions aimed to improve the genetic potential and obtain environmentally friendly products is the improvement of technological processes. Pharmacological agents contribute to the normalization of metabolism, improve the quality of products while maintaining their safety. The study analyzes the influence of aminoseleferon-B on technologically significant indicators of raw milk. In the experimental group, the class of milk by the fermentation test was 13% higher than in the control group. A significant (P<0.05) 6.3% decrease in the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms was observed. The content of spores of lactate-fermenting butyric microorganisms was significantly (P<0.01) less than in the control (by 12.5%). For the production of cheese from the milk of cows from the experimental group, it was required significantly (P<0.01) less rennet (by 15.8%) than from the milk of cows from the control group. For the production of 1 kg of cheese, 8.2% less milk was used. The time of milk coagulation by rennet was significantly (P<0.05) less (by 15.5%). According to the tasting results, cheese from the milk of cows from the experimental group received 7.3 points more. The overall organoleptic evaluation was higher by 8.4%
The use of plant raw materials in the production of meat pate
Authors: Nazarova N E , Lazutina A L , Lebedeva T E , Batsyna YV , Statuev AA
Published: July 2022

Meat and meat-containing products represent one of the most difficult foundations for creating functional food, although according to the rules of healthy nutrition, meat is one of the most important food products along with vegetables, fruit, dairy products and fish. Implementation of the suggested technology of meat pate production using plant raw materials (broccoli cabbage) at food industry enterprises will expand the range of domestic products made from local natural raw materials. Essential amino acids such as tryptophan, lysine and methionine are also present in this unique product. It is also beneficial for the health of the patients who have undergone various surgical operations, because liver contains glycogen which is an excellent building material for cells and tissue. Broccoli cabbage has the following health benefits: it contains a unique combination of vitamins and minerals, and it also can compete with beef and chicken eggs in protein composition, tryptophan and lysine content. Food fiber and fiber fetlock contained in cabbage regulate the work of the gastrointestinal tract. The suggested formula and production technology of a new type of meat products (pate with the use of broccoli cabbage) allows obtaining a functional product with a reduced calorie rate, which is essential for healthy nutrition.
Influence of different types of fermentation-produced chymosin on quality of soft cheeses
Authors: Myagkonosov D S , Smykov I T , Abramov D V , Delitskaya I N
Published: July 2022

The disadvantage of soft cheeses is their short shelf life. In soft cheeses with a high moisture content, proteolysis occurs at a high rate, as a result of which the cheeses quickly overripe. The main proteolytic agent in soft cheeses is the milk-clotting enzyme (MCE). Increasing the shelf life of cheeses can be achieved by using MCE types having low proteolytic activity (PA). We have studied the effect of MCE based on different types of fermentation-produced chymosin: Chy-max® Extra (bovine chymosin), Chy-max® M (camel chymosin), Chy-max® Supreme (“modified” chymosin) on the dynamics of proteolysis in soft cheeses and related changes in the structure of cheeses during their storage. All 3 types of studied MCEs have different levels of nonspecific PA. The higher the level of nonspecific PA of the used MCE, the higher the rate of the proteolysis process in the resulting cheeses. Increasing the dose of MCE also increases the rate of proteolysis in cheeses. To increase the shelf life of soft cheeses, which depends on the period of preservation of a dense consistency, it is promising to use MCE with low PA based on camel chymosin (Chy-max® M) and “modified” chymosin (Chy-max® Supreme).
Study of sorption processes for corn oil refining
Authors: Derevenko V V , Davydov K K
Published: July 2022

Studies have summarized and analyzed the structure of an aqueous sodium silicate solution, which showed their dual nature. On the one hand, they exhibit the properties of electrolytes, and on the other hand, they contain monomeric alkali metal cations and polymeric silicon-oxygen anions. The use of an aqueous solution of sodium metasilicate with a silicate modulus equal to 1, in which polyanions predominate, is substantiated for the process of chemisorption purification of unrefined corn oil. A comparative analysis of the methods of purification of unrefined and hydrated vegetable oils pretreated in an electromagnetic field with solutions of organic acids and sodium silicate is carried out. Obviously, when purifying unrefined corn oil with an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, there is a complex mechanism of the sorption process with various groups of polar accompanying substances, complicated by chemical interactions. On the basis of planned experimental studies, adequate experimental-statistical models were obtained for calculating the soap content in the resulting corn oil and its yield, depending on the studied process parameters. It was found that in the studied range of temperatures and parameters of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, corn oil is obtained according to the acid number corresponding to the Russian National Standard for refined corn oil. The optimal parameters of the chemisorption purification process in terms of temperature, concentration and dosage of sodium silicate with a silicate modulus equal to 1 are experimentally substantiated when the Reynolds criterion of the mixer is changed in the studied range from 4000 to 12000, ensuring the production of corn oil corresponding to the accepted quality parameters.
Development of technology and formulation of high-viscosity liquid media using by-products of the oil and fat industry
Authors: Zheltoukhova E Yu , Lobosova L A , Tronza P A , Volkova V O
Published: July 2022

High-viscosity liquid media with specified properties are the products of complex processing of oilseeds and by-products of the fat-and-oil enterprises, so they should have the widest possible range of specialized characteristics. High-viscosity liquid media are becoming more convenient and no less effective alternative to solid media. To improve their characteristics, natural components can be introduced into their composition in the form of by-products of the fat and oil industry, and vegetable and essential oils. To create a competitive product, a modified technology was developed at the stage of adding additives for complex processing of oilseeds and by-products of the fat and oil enterprises. The main additives were analyzed and natural components were selected from by-products of the oil and fat industry, vegetable and essential oils, in particular, tea tree oil and aloe vera gel, which exhibit good anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, antifungal, antiviral and wound healing properties. The selected components are introduced into high-viscosity liquid media in a solubilized form, often in combination with other components. The formulation for an experimental sample of high-viscosity liquid media has been developed, which includes sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamide DEA, sodium chloride, glyceryl, acrylate copolymer, methyl chloroisothiazolinone/methyl isothiazolinone, citric acid, disodium EDTA, tea tree oil, aloe vera gel, triclocarban, perfume, and water. In the experiment, a step-by-step introduction of the components was proposed for the production of samples of high-viscosity liquid media, the duration of each operation was 15 min, the rotation speed of a mixer was 45 rpm, and the temperature of the components at each production stage attained 210C.
Synthesis of tagatose and fucose from dairy raw material
Authors: Gorbunova E M , Kuznetsova I V , Lygina L V , Plotnikova S E , Tolkacheva A A , Niftaliev S I
Published: July 2022

Innovative biochemical technologies have been developed for obtaining a fucose-containing carbohydrate complex and a tagatose-containing sweetener from the secondary dairy raw material, lactose. A method for the production of tagatose has been tested, including the enzymatic treatment of lactose Lactozym 6500 L Pure at pH = 6.2 for 4.5 hours and an enzyme dosage of 7500 LAU/dm3. The kinetic parameters of lactose hydrolysis were calculated: maximum rate and order of the chemical reaction (V max = 1.08 ⋅ 10-5, n = 0.6967). The qualitative and quantitative parameters of lactose hydrolysis and isomerization of galactose into tagatose, obtained by HPLC, are presented. The degree of lactose hydrolysis is 92%; the tagatose yield is 41%. A method for the production of fucose from lactose with subsequent conversion of galactose into fucitol and enzymatic isomerization into fucose is proposed. The fucose yield is 42.5% of the total solid mass.
Improving the storage stability of non-alcoholic beer
Authors: Kaledin I M , Karpenko D V
Published: July 2022

Approaches to solving the problem of increasing the stability of light non-alcoholic beer during its commercial production are considered. The basic requirements for brewing barley light malt are formulated, the main of which is a low (less than 10 %) content of protein substances with high values of other technologically important characteristics. The recommended ranges of the latter are established. The influence of the hydromodule (wort density) on the indicators of hopped wort and finished non-alcoholic beer has been studied. It was found that the most rational one is the preparation of wort with a dry matter content of 6.5 %. The modes of introduction of the Brewers Clarex enzyme preparation at the stage of cooling the hopped wort, the parameters of the stages of boiling the wort with hops, fermentation of beer wort, clarification of unfiltered beer, fermentation and after-fermentation, pasteurization of the drink after bottling are proposed. In comparison with the control variety, the indicators of finished light non-alcoholic beer obtained by the fermentation method are given with the parameters of individual technological operations indicated in the article: the extract of the initial wort, the content of ethyl alcohol, amine nitrogen, bitter substances of hops, sensitive proteins and the precipitation limit with sulfate ammonium. The data confirming that the use of an enzyme preparation does not lead to a decrease in the foam stability and foaming of the finished beer are presented. Organoleptic analysis of the finished product for taste stability was carried out. The actual shelf life of the product has been investigated. The results obtained confirmed the possibility of obtaining a bottom-fermented non-alcoholic light beer with high colloidal stability using the described technological methods. It was shown that the experimental samples retained the organoleptic characteristics close to the original ones for at least 4 months from the date of bottling.
Biotechnological optimization for the production, quality, and safety of vegetables grown in urban-type phytotrons
Authors: Eliseeva L G , Othman A J , Belkin Y D , Molodkina P G
Published: July 2022

Growing urbanization, negative environmental, climatic and abiotic impacts call for innovative biotechnologies for vegetables and berries production in closed automated systems in metropolitan areas. This paper discusses technological impacts on the efficiency of vegetable farming (for example, lettuce) in the conditions of ISR 01 urban phytotron. It is possible to accelerate photosynthesis during the vegetative phase, due to the complex effect of potting soils and a line of modern environmentally friendly regulators acting as growth regulators and organic, mineral, and microbiological immune-modulating agents, thereby increasing the quality, safety, and tolerance of lettuce against abiotic stress. The indicators of appearance and turgor state of lettuce were improved. The productivity increased by more than 20%, the content of dry matter – by 20-22%, the number of antioxidants – by 18-19%, ascorbic acids – by 18-21%, chlorophyll a – by more than 60%, B vitamins as well. While in storage, postharvest loss decreased and shelf life increased.
Methods for studying the quality of feed briquettes and their components
Authors: Apalihina O A , Lytkina L I , Cheryomushkina I V , Alekseeva T V , Ilyna N M , Larina L I
Published: July 2022

The article describes a method developed for determining the degree of damage to wheat grain caused by smut fungi, which makes it possible to determine its non-toxic level, to increase the measurement accuracy and reliability of the results obtained, to ensure ease of processing the results, to prevent further spoilage of wheat grain and ensure its safety without deterioration in quality. Since smut reduces yield and quality of grain and grain products, improving the sanitary condition of grain raw materials is an urgent problem. It was found that the developed method can significantly reduce the cost of the analysis (by 300-320 rubles), reduce the time for the analysis by 20-25 minutes, and reduce the measurement error from 15% to 10%.
The model for calculating the proportions of a baking mixture to produce enriched products taking into account fluctuations in characteristic quality and safety indicators
Authors: Derkanosova N M , Vasilenko O A , Shelamova S A , Stakhurlova A A
Published: July 2022

When developing a new method, the formulation must ensure the stability of the quality and safety of the finished product, provided that the target indicator is reached. A method is proposed for calculating the dosage of an enriching raw ingredient when the boundary conditions for the enriching effect and the quality of the finished product are met. Amaranth extrudate is selected as the enriching ingredient. The enriching effect is predicted in relation to protein while achieving the effect on dietary fiber and calcium content. The authors defined classes of technological and financial limitations, the main of which relate to baking properties of the flour mixture – the amount of gluten as a factor in forming the shape, appearance, crumb structure, ash content, factors like the color of breadcrumb. It was found that it is not possible to expect sensory characteristics identical to the traditional ones for bread with the addition of amaranth extrudate. Within the limits of acceptable changes in organoleptic characteristics, the enriching effect can be achieved with a dosage of flour from amaranth extrudate not exceeding 23 %. The method is implemented by means of modern information technologies and can be used as a tool in the decision support system for the development of new technologies and recipes for enriched bakery products ensuring quality and safety.
An analysis of the ozonation method for sterilizing milk
Authors: Storchevoy V F , Kabdin N E , Suchugov S V , Umansky P M , Kompaniets A E
Published: July 2022

A system of ozonation for sterilizing milk has been developed. It can reduce the microbial contamination of milk with spore-forming microorganisms, thereby increasing the quality of milk sterilization taking into account the level of microbial contamination while maintaining the nutritional value. The milk sterilization system sterilizes milk by creating the required concentration of ozone and ultraviolet radiation. Similar technical solutions require the expansion of the arsenal of tools used to improve the efficiency of milk sterilization and various liquid food products. The main disadvantage of existing installations for sterilizing milk is the low quality of milk processing due to the lack of ozonation, which increases the quality of milk sterilization
Influence of electro-activated water media on the shelf life of vacuum-packed vegetable semi-finished products
Authors: Pankina I A , Belokurova E S , Sevastyanova A D , Abdizhapparova B T
Published: July 2022

Canning has been widely used in the food industry for many years. However, traditional methods of preserving fruit and vegetable products are not always effective, since it is extremely difficult to achieve the required market characteristics. In addition, thermal or chemical methods of canning vegetables reduce their biological value. These facts drive the search for new effective methods of canning. In recent years, manufacturers from different countries have been actively using various canning methods, including non-thermal ones. Innovative and unconventional methods of food processing make it possible to preserve the maximum amount of vitamins and biologically active substances in products. This paper considers the processing of vacuum-packed semi-finished products from potatoes and beets with water media subjected to electrochemical activation. Technological modes of electrochemical activation of water are proposed, including a method for processing semi-finished products with electrochemically activated water before vacuuming. The study proved the efficiency of utilization of the electrochemically treated water before vacuuming. Under these conditions, the shelf life of vegetable semi-finished products increases.
Analytical assessment of favorable ratio between thickness of knife and grate of auger meat chopper aimed to improve minced meat quality and reduce cutting pair wear rate
Authors: Pelenko V V , Korotkova T Y , Zlobin V G , Barinov G V , Shakhov S V
Published: July 2022

A mathematical model has been developed for the bending process of the outlet grinding grate as a circular perforated plate under the load of the meat product parabolically decreasing along the radius. The deflection of the knife blade under this parabolic load of the food medium has been determined analytically. Based on the analysis of the features of the physical model representing the process of contact interaction between the elements of the cutting unit of meat raw materials, the conditions of fastening are formulated. The mentioned conditions exclude the concentration of mutual friction forces of the knife and grate, and ensure a decrease in the rate of their wear and high quality of the meat product. Based on the principle of deformations compatibility, an analytical dependence of the required thickness of the knife blade on the thickness of the outlet grinding grate was established with the objective to reduce the wear rate by ensuring the equidistance of elastic lines of their bending under the raw meat load parabolically decreasing along the radius. The equidistance of the elastic deflection lines of the knife blades and the annular grinding grate excludes the gap between the contact surfaces of the knife and the grate. In this case, the penetration of the fibers of the crushed meat into the contact joint of the cutting pair is prevented. Consequently, the absence of joint wedging eliminates the material crumpling and the useful meat juice squeezing. Thus, reducing the loss of the meat liquid phase in the prepared minced meat ensures the high quality of the output product.
Local optimum underwater polarization imaging enhancement based on connected domain prior
Authors: Zhang Huajun , Zhou Ning , Meng Qingguo , Ren Mingyuan , Wang Hantao , Zhang Yu
Published: July 2022

Estimating the degree of polarization (DOP) of target signal light (

p

targ

) is a critical step in the underwater polarization differential imaging process. It is challenging to accurately estimate the

p

targ

of objects containing multiple attributes in the imaging range. Inspired by the optical polarization characteristics of objects with different DOP, we find a prior of connected domains (CDs) of objects in polarization orthogonal images. Based on this prior, the CDs of low-DOP (LDOP) and high-DOP (HDOP) objects are extracted from the darkest image (

I

min

) and brightest image (

I

max

) without additional image acquisition. The

p

targ

of LDOP and HDOP objects in the scene can be estimated through the extracted CDs, which realizes the transition from global optimum estimation in the traditional method to local optimum estimation. According to the estimated

p

targ

, the enhanced results of the entire image marked by

p

targ

can be obtained after fusing the enhanced results of the objects in each CD. Experimental results of simple and complex combination scenes of objects show that our method can recognize CDs of LDOP and HDOP objects. We obtained the enhanced results of the entire image, verified the feasibility and robustness of our method, and found that the CDs of LDOP and HDOP objects could be effectively extracted in up to

34.3

NTU of turbid water. The local optimum improves the application ability of underwater polarization imaging in unpredictable scenarios, while the enhanced result of target labeling has potential application value in underwater target recognition and classification.