bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A redundant steering-by-wire system and multi-axle cooperative steering control algorithm for super autonomous rapid transit
Authors: Liu Hongda , Yu Haizhou , Xie Chenghui , Yang Ying , Shen Longjiang , He Anqing
Published: February 2025

In view of the safety problems of the single-channel hydraulic steering system which widely used in the multi-axle cooperative steering system of super autonomous rapid transit (SRT), a multi-axle cooperative steering system based on redundant steering-by-wire is developed. Firstly, the real-time task and system status judgment are placed in the master station of the steering controller for processing, fully ensuring the real-time performance of the task. At the same time, the slave station is set to synchronously process the task and judge the status. The two channels of the steering system work simultaneously, and when one channel fails, the other channel can take over the system in real time. This redundancy strategy ensures the safety of the vehicle. Secondly, a multi-axle cooperative steering control algorithm for SRT is proposed. The steering control system consists of a feedforward and an additional feedback control. The feedforward control is subdivided into three steps. In a first step the angle of axle 2 is calculated with dynamic model of first module and the driven path is estimated. This path is used in a second step to calculate the desired kinematics and finally the desired kinematics are transformed into the desired lateral forces by means of the inverse vehicle model. An additional nonlinear feedback controller stabilizes the tracking behavior on vehicle status level. By establishing the kinematics model of SRT and adopting the PID control of yaw angle deviation, the control error of the vehicle is dynamically compensated, and the control accuracy and robustness of the SRT multi-axle cooperative control algorithm are ensured. The steering system has been applied to the three-module & six-axle SRT, with the functions of steering-by-wire and track following, and can achieve the minimum turning radius of 15 m, and its good control accuracy and stability are verified by experiments.
Successful management of drug-resistant rhizobium radiobacter endophthalmitis: A case report
Authors: Wu Po-Ying , Wu Horng-Jiun
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To report a unique case of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis caused by Ceftazidime-resistant Rhizobium radiobacter, successfully managed with timely vitrectomy and intravitreal Levofloxacin

Case report

A healthy 73-year-old man underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in his left eye. Postoperative ocular examination (OE) one day after the surgery revealed no specific findings. However, on postoperative day 6, he presented with a painful and red left eye. Diagnosed with postoperative endophthalmitis on day 8 at another hospital, he received IVI of Ceftazidime and Vancomycin before being urgently referred to our hospital on the same day. Early vitrectomy and anterior chamber irrigation were performed timely when he arrived on day 8, with cultures identifying Ceftazidime-resistant Rhizobium radiobacter, sensitive to Levofloxacin. Repeated IVI of Levofloxacin (500 mcg/0.1 ml) ensued on post-cataract operative days 13 and 18. Six months post-cataract surgery, the corrected distance visual acuity of the left eye stabilized at 20/33, and OE remained stable.

Conclusion

Early vitrectomy and vitreous culture prove effective in managing postoperative endophthalmitis in drug-resistant Rhizobium radiobacter. IVI of Levofloxacin, though rare, proved to be effective in treating Ceftazidime-resistant and Levofloxacin-sensitive pathogens in our case.
Bayesian model updating method based on multi-sampling strategy integration
Authors: Cao Mingming , Peng Zhenrui
Published: February 2025

The Bayesian model updating method is widely applied in structural health monitoring. Traditional Bayesian model updating methods suffer from limitations such as dimensional constraints, slow convergence, and low computational efficiency. To enhance the convergence speed and computational efficiency of Bayesian model updating methods, this paper proposes a multi-sampling strategy integrated Bayesian model updating method based on the Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm. First, the Kalman-inspired distribution and sampling difference vectors from past states are introduced into the DREAM algorithm, addressing the issue of parallel chain limitations in DREAM and improving the exploration efficiency of the posterior distribution. Second, drawing inspiration from clustering algorithms that use centroids for data point clustering, a novel centroid update sampling strategy is proposed and integrated with other sampling strategies to increase sampling diversity among different chains, thereby avoiding local optima and accelerating the convergence process. Finally, the proposed method’s effectiveness is validated through numerical examples of simply supported beams and experimental examples of a three-story frame structure. The results demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian model updating method based on multi-sampling strategy integration achieves high updating accuracy and faster convergence. The updated model shows improved ability to simulate the inherent properties and response characteristics of actual structures, making it suitable for use as a benchmark model in structural health monitoring.
Early childhood workforce professionalism in South Africa: Policy ideologies and teacher understandings
Authors: Martin Colwyn Deborah , Ebrahim Hasina , Clasquin-Johnson Mary , Martin Melanie
Published: February 2025

Despite its pivotal role in young children's development and learning, early childhood care and education (ECCE) remains undervalued and under-resourced, with its professional status and recognition often ambiguous. In South Africa, ECCE professionals experience dislocation and marginality within a fragmented system, hindering their efforts to achieve professionalism and consistency in recognition and status. This article examines workforce professionalism in South Africa's ECCE sector, analysing the interplay between policy ideologies and teachers’ understandings. A dual lens of democratic professionalism and transformative feminist perspectives was employed to analyse the sector's challenges within a highly unequal socio-economic landscape. The study combined document analysis of the Policy on Minimum Requirements for Programmes Leading to Qualifications in Higher Education for Early Childhood Development Educators (MRQECDE), and data collection through an online questionnaire with a purposive sample of 208 ECCE teachers from 73 ECCE centres in the Ekurhuleni district of Gauteng province. Findings reveal tensions between qualification-centric policies and teachers’ experiences, highlighting how systemic constraints and intersectional disadvantages affect workforce professionalism. Whilst teachers internalised policy ideologies on qualifications, they demonstrate agency by reimagining alternative pathways for their professionalism. This study contributes to global debates on ECCE professionalism, particularly to contexts where predominantly feminised workforce experience similar structural challenges. A more inclusive and context-responsive approach to professionalism is essential – one that adopts an empowerment framework and prioritises the recognition of marginalised voices.
‘I was in a Jail within a Jail’: Prisoner's Experiences of Segregation within the Scottish Prison Service
Authors: Brisbane Rebecca , Connell Rachel , Bremner Kirsty , Walker Helen
Published: February 2025

Segregation in prison is a highly researched area worldwide, however, gaps remain about the experience of individuals who reside in these units. This study was the first of its kind in the Scottish prison service (SPS). The study was exploratory, completed over two stages and used a mixed method observational design. In stage one, questionnaires were distributed to incarcerated males across eight prisons in the SPS. Questionnaires asked why participants were segregated, how they spent their time and how it felt. Responses ( n = 151) indicated participants used the segregation and reintegration unit (SRU) on multiple occasions and for significant periods of time. Participants spent their time thinking, watching TV, listening to music, and reading; few engaged in education. Most attributed negative emotions to their time in segregation, however, others felt happy ( n = 43, 29%), relieved ( n = 26, 17%), and safe ( n = 34, 23%). Responses informed the interview schedule in stage two. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven prisoners exploring their experiences of segregation, their routine, access to services/support and their views on what could be improved. Thematic analysis was employed. Interviews identified three overarching themes: impact of segregation on mental health, services and support, and reintegration.
A smarter neighbourhood? A postscript on Sidewalk Toronto
Authors: Hanke Bob
Published: February 2025

With Sidewalk Toronto's Quayside project, Toronto joined other cities where smart city projects have been conceived, initiated, and studied. For nearly two and a half years, newspaper space devoted to this project was central to public reception, perception, and response. With regard to The Globe and Mail and the Toronto Star, there was a conjunction between journalism discourse and planning a ‘smart’ neighbourhood assemblage based on the dual production of urban space. At the core of the Quayside project story was the question of big tech power and the ‘right’ novel neighbourhood assemblage for Toronto. I argue that mediatized controversy played a double role by expressing a propose-and-public pushback dynamic and as curriculum for place-based urban learning.
Street art in the Insta-city: Mobile audiences and urban placemaking
Authors: Polson Erika
Published: February 2025

Street art murals (along with festivals and art districts) have proliferated in the past decade, becoming the “face” of creative cities through post-industrial urban regeneration strategies, and these efforts have been connected to gentrification in cities around the world. In this article, I consider how mobile audiences interact with street art through Instagram and propose that the “ Insta-city”—a coproduction involving art, photography, location, the Instagram platform, and its users—is a site for “digital placemaking,” where new claims over neighborhood identities are made and contested. The article synthesizes the literature on mobile audiences and the city, street art as a tool for urban renewal, and Instagram as a culturally dominant visual and geo-coded social medium to create the Insta-city as an analytical lens for reimagining the active audience in the context of urban communication.
Theme parks, labor, and the Dark Lord: A political economic critique of the Walt Disney company's relationship with the City of Anaheim
Authors: Ostrove Geoff
Published: February 2025

Monopoly power occurs when multiple entities work together to influence the price, output, and investment within an industry and to limit new competitors from entering the industry, even if there is increased market share and higher profits that can potentially be gained and shared with other competitors. This article analyzes how the Walt Disney Company has gained monopoly power within the City of Anaheim through strategic partnerships with powerful individuals who yield a tremendous amount of influence over the local community. The research cited in this article shows why Disney lobbied first in the mid-1990s to receive lucrative tax breaks from the City of Anaheim for their development projects and then later asked to have these same tax breaks removed in 2016. Ultimately, this article shows that Disney has successfully lobbied the City of Anaheim to pass legislation that is more beneficial to the Walt Disney Company than to the local residents. This research provides a valuable case study for municipalities who are interested in public–private partnerships with powerful capitalist interests, and it provides insight into how these relationships can impact the well-being of a local community.
Burden of coeliac disease in Germany: real-world insights from a large retrospective health insurance claims database analysis
Authors: Bokemeyer Bernd , Serdani-Neuhaus Leonarda , Sünwoldt Juliane , Dünweber Christina , Schnaidt Svitlana , Schuppan Detlef
Published: February 2025

Background:

Coeliac disease (CeD) is a chronic immune-mediated disease triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. The burden of CeD on patients and the healthcare system remains poorly evaluated in Germany.

Objectives:

To assess the healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and costs of diagnosed CeD patients in a German claims database.

Design:

A retrospective CeD case–control study was conducted using German claims data between 2017 and 2021.

Methods:

CeD diagnosis was defined by at least one inpatient or two outpatient diagnostic codes (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, German Modification (ICD-10-GM) K90.0) within four quarters (irrespective of calendar year) for CeD during the study period. Controls (non-CeD patients) were matched in a ratio of 5:1 by age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, sex and region. HCRU (hospitalisations, outpatient visits, medication use, sick leaves) and healthcare costs (outpatient services, inpatient services, outpatient pharmaceuticals, sick leaves and aids and remedies) were compared between CeD patients and controls.

Results:

From the 3,352,188 patients with continuous enrolment during the study period (2017–2021), 8258 (0.25%) patients were identified as having a CeD diagnosis. The mean number of hospitalisations and outpatient visits within 5 years was 1.8- and 1.5-fold higher among matched CeD patients ( n = 8243) compared to their controls ( n = 41,215), resulting in an excess healthcare cost of €5251. Inpatient expenses were the main cost driver and accounted for 31.5% of total incremental costs.

Conclusion:

The current study showed that CeD patients have considerably higher HCRU and related costs compared to matched controls. Our findings suggest the need for improved treatment options for CeD patients in addition to a gluten-free diet.
Efficacy of alternate mucosa–submucosa clip closure in preventing postoperative adverse events for patients with gastric mucosal lesions after endoscopic submucosal dissection: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Chen Lu , Jiang Jingjing , Li Hongxia , Yin Xin , Tang Xiajiao , Zhu Yinnan , Chen Wei , Lu Qin , Shi Ruihua
Published: February 2025

Background:

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the first-line treatment for gastric mucosal lesions. The artificial ulcers caused by ESD can lead to bleeding, perforation, and other adverse events.

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of alternate mucosa–submucosa clip in preventing adverse events following ESD for gastric mucosal lesions.

Design:

Multicenter retrospective observational study.

Methods:

Data from 924 patients who underwent ESD for gastric mucosal lesions were retrospectively collected and categorized into completely closed and unclosed groups based on postoperative wound management. The incidence of adverse events and postoperative wound healing rate at 1 and 3 months were compared between the groups, and the factors related to delayed bleeding after ESD were analyzed.

Results:

The rate of delayed hemorrhage was lower in the completely closed group than in the unclosed group (0.8% vs 7.6%; p < 0.001), and subgroup analysis showed that this effect was consistent across all subgroups. The postoperative abdominal pain score was lower in the completely closed group than in the unclosed group (0 vs 2, p < 0.001). One month postoperatively, the wound healing rate was higher in the completely closed group (77.6% vs 55.1%; p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that the presence of ulcers or scars on the lesion surface, and lesions located in the lower one-third of the stomach were risk factors for postoperative bleeding.

Conclusion:

Application of alternate mucosa–submucosa clip closing the wound of ESD reduced the risk of postoperative bleeding, alleviated postoperative abdominal pain, and promoted artificial wound healing.
Tourism and employment: New Tourism Satellite Accounts results for Greece
Authors: Hatzimarinakis Stavros , Hackl Peter
Published: February 2025

The paper presents indicators of the impact of tourism on the labour market, reflecting both employment in the tourism industries and tourism employment, i.e., labour directly attributable to tourism demand in the economy as a whole. A detailed analysis is provided for 2019, the year before Covid; the results, reflecting formal employment, for the period 2011 to 2020 show the evolution over time and the impact of Covid. Between 2011 and 2019, the number of persons employed in tourism industries grew at an annual rate of 9.1% and that of tourism employment at an annual rate of 11.6%. In 2019, there were 810.000 persons employed in the tourism industries and 427.000 in tourism employment. Accommodation and food- and beverage service activities accounted for nearly 76% of tourism employment. In 2020, the Covid year, employment in the tourism industries and tourism employment fell by 16.4% and 31.7%, respectively, reflecting the impact of travel restrictions due to Covid.
Using household survey and administrative data to measure informality in Spain
Authors: Garca Sara Carrascosa , Garca Martnez Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2025

The latest ILO 2023 resolution on informal economy statistics endorses the use of data integration from labour force surveys and administrative records to measure informal employment. This article presents an approach to measuring informal employment in Spain that follows these guidelines. It stems from a microdata-level coherence study between the Spanish Labour Force Survey (EPA) and Social Security affiliation records. By analysing discrepancies and aligning definitions, the study estimates the informal employment rate and provides a detailed examination of the characteristics of informal workers, contributing to more effective labour market policies and better understanding of informal employment dynamics in Spain.
Methodological insights into intervention and outcomes in randomised controlled trials of herbal medicine for obesity: a scoping review
Authors: Chan Janice Sue Wen , Lau Mei Siu , Muhamad Rosli Siti Hajar , Mustapha Kamal Siti Khadijah , Wan Seman Wan Nurul Nadia , Ali Nurul Hidayah , Tan Terence Yew Chin , Ahmad Ida Farah , Krishnan Puspawathy , Borhan Marisa Khatijah , Syed Mohamed Ami Fazlin , Lim Xin Yi
Published: February 2025

Background:

With rising obesity rates worldwide, clinical trials focused on identifying effective treatments are increasing. While guidelines exist for pharmaceutical drugs targeting obesity, there are none for herbal medicine clinical trials for anti-obesity. Both industries refer to the same guidelines for clinical trials.

Objectives:

This scoping review aimed to gather information from herbal medicine anti-obesity randomised controlled trials (RCTs), analyse the methodologies and assess their alignment with international guidelines.

Eligibility criteria:

This review included RCTs of participants of all ages with obesity utilising herbal medicine with any comparators and focusing on various outcome measures. Sources of evidence: Only published journal articles were included.

Charting methods:

Articles were extracted from MEDLINE, CENTRAL and EMBASE using predetermined keywords. Relevant data, such as the study characteristics, types of herbal interventions and controls, treatment durations, outcome measures and safety monitoring methods were recorded in a table format for comparative analysis.

Results:

We included 99 RCTs that showed participant sample sizes ranging from 8 to 182, ages 18 to 80 years and body mass indexes (BMIs) between 25 and 49.9 kg/m2. Herbal interventions used single herbs ( n = 57) and mixtures ( n = 42), given for 14 days to 56 weeks. Studies implementing diet modifications include restricted calorie diets ( n = 35), food-portion controlled diets ( n = 7) and fixed calorie diets ( n = 7). Of the 28 studies implementing exercise, most were of moderate intensity ( n = 22). All studies collected BMI and weight as primary outcomes. Body fat composition was measured in over 50% of studies using a body analyser ( n = 57). Waist, hip and abdominal circumferences were infrequently measured. Radiological tools used include dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( n = 16), computed tomography scans ( n = 10) and ultrasound ( n = 2). Safety monitoring methods were reported in most studies ( n = 76).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, almost 50% of the studies adhered to international pharmaceutical clinical trial guidelines, addressing dietary, lifestyle, physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors. Nonetheless, more herbal anti-obesity studies need to consider the assessment of weight maintenance.
China as a laboratory to renegotiate globalization: Statecraft through the selective exclusion of foreign capital
Authors: Dal Maso Giulia
Published: February 2025

Building on Ilias Alami's invitation to reconceptualize foreign investment screening mechanisms as state tools for renegotiating (post)globalization, this commentary mobilizes China's historical engagement with foreign capital, positioning it as a ‘laboratory’ for rethinking statecraft amid the transformations of global capitalism. By tracing the genealogy of selective regulatory practices – including the establishment of special economic zones – this analysis underscores how China's ‘exceptional spaces’ and ‘exceptional legal forms’ have actively reshaped globalization through the strategic exclusion of foreign capital from critical national sectors. Moving beyond reductionist framings of ‘state capitalism’ and ‘globalization’, the commentary foregrounds the layered and contingent processes of valorization and accumulation that characterize contemporary capitalist globalization.
Repositioning energy geographies in a time of crisis: Arguments from a subdiscipline on the margins of geography
Authors: Ptak Thomas , Stock Ryan , Sareen Siddharth , Kumar Ankit
Published: February 2025

While a range of rapidly proliferating crises shaped by anthropogenic climate change is profound and generating a raft of spatially-centred energy research, energy geographies does not occupy a central position within emergent climate scholarship, nor within broader disciplinary confines of human geography. The centrality of energy is undeniable, and even in light of the considerable history of scholarship combined with the fundamentally spatial nature of energy systems and transitions, energy geographies endure an occluded existence subsumed. This paper offers a critique of the subdiscipline's ongoing marginality while articulating its salience before offering strategies to help advance the repositioning of energy geographies from the periphery towards a more central position.
Reglobalisation: States, legal geographies, and the challenges of the green transition
Authors: Hall Sarah
Published: February 2025

This commentary responds to Ilias Alami's paper, ‘Foreign investment screening mechanisms and emergent geographies of (post)globalization’. It builds on Alami's contention that these mechanisms represent a clear indication of the continued role of the state in shaping new globalisation processes by suggesting that more attention could fruitfully be paid to the legal geographies involved and the challenges associated with the green transition. I argue that such an approach will require an interdisciplinary approach as the demands of the green transition unfold within an increasingly protectionist world economy.
Assessment of Problem-Based Learning Acceptance and Associated Factors Among School of Nursing Students at Wachemo University, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Heliso Asnakech Zekiwos , Babore Getachaw Ossabo , Ashine Taye Mezgebu , Birhanu Bethlehem , Anose Bereket Hegeno , Saliya Sentayehu Admasu , Ezo Ereta Elias , Girma Hailu Awoka
Published: February 2025

Background

Problem-based learning (PBL) was introduced over half a century ago and accepted as a cornerstone in many medical education curriculums. Since there was no similar study in Ethiopia, this study assessed the gap of acceptance and associated factors among a school of nursing students at Wachemo University, Central Ethiopia.

Objective

To assess PBL acceptance and associated factors among school of nursing students at Wachemo University, Central Ethiopia.

Method and Material

This study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach among 200 students who were enrolled in PBL at Wachemo University School of Nursing from July 30, 2023 to August 30, 2023. Data were collected using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered using Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. A descriptive analysis was done by computing proportion and cross-tabulation. Then the findings were described by using frequency, tables, and figures. Binary logistic regression was employed at p-value <.25 to identify variables that had a statistical association with PBL acceptance. Considering the candidate variables that were statistically significant in bivariate analysis, multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between the outcome variable and each independent variable. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors having an association with PBL acceptance. Variables whose p < .05 are considered for statistical significance.

Results

In this study, 58.5% [95% CI 52.5–65.5] of the respondents accepted PBL as a teaching-learning strategy. Being female (AOR = 4.8 [95% CI 2.80–10.11]), study year (AOR = 2.92 [95% CI 1.85–5.65]) and computer access in the learning environment (AOR = 2.42 [95% CI 1.01–5.43]) were found to be associated with PBL.

Conclusion

The result of this study revealed that PBL acceptance among nursing students was high. Being female, study year and Computer access in the learning environment were factors associated with PBL.
The Art of Storytelling in Science: A Personal Journey
Authors: Andrade Bruno Bezerril
Published: February 2025

Storytelling is a crucial yet often overlooked skill for scientists, essential in seminars, manuscripts, grant applications, and professional interactions. Drawing from my experiences across Brazil, the United States of America, India, and South Africa, I explore how crafting compelling narratives enhances scientific communication, increasing the likelihood of publishing, securing funding, and building collaborations. Reflecting on formative “hot seat” sessions at the National Institutes of Health, in the United States, I emphasize the importance of structuring ideas clearly, regardless of language fluency. Storytelling brings clarity, engagement, and logic to science, making research more relatable and impactful. Mastering this skill is essential for advancing scientific careers and effectively conveying complex ideas.
An exploration of romance of leadership in times of crisis: Replication and extension of theory
Authors: Schyns Birgit , Lester Gretchen V. , Hammond Michelle M.
Published: February 2025

Romance of leadership (ROL) theory describes over-attributions of responsibility for organizational outcomes to leaders. The theory posits that ROL should be stronger during crisis, for unexpected performance, and in scapegoating failure. We replicate Meindl et al. (1985, study 6) to test those original tenets with greater power and a more generalizable sample. Study 1 does not replicate the 1985 study, and our results suggest crisis does not affect ROL, meaning that leaders are not held more responsible under crisis conditions versus non-crisis conditions. In study 2, participants attributed significantly more responsibility to leaders for non-crisis than crisis conditions. Contrary to our expectations, we found that leaders were held more responsible for success than for failure, suggesting that heroic leadership generated more ROL than scapegoating. Also, in study 2, participants attributed more responsibility to leaders for unexpected versus expected outcomes. Adding the nature of crisis (product failure vs. product harm crises) in study 2 did not lead to any expected differences. Our results from the exploration of untested theory in these two studies reject early tenets of ROL as being greater in times of crisis or for blame. We discuss implications for the ROL theory and broader leadership research.
The correlation between the expression of androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) protein with the time of occurrence of castration-resistant prostate cancer and overall survival in prostate cancer in Indonesian population
Authors: Soerohardjo Indrawarman , Pikatan Narpati Wesa , Zulfiqqar Andy , Widodo Irianiwati , Heriyanto Didik Setyo
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Prostate cancer follows a natural trajectory characterized by genetic alterations that transform initially hormone-sensitive cancer cells into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is associated with high mortality. This study endeavours to elucidate the predictive role of androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) protein expression in determining the time to CRPC onset and overall survival in prostate cancer patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilized paraffin-embedded tissue block samples collected from prostate cancer patients undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital between 2016 and 2022 (n = 47). AR-V7 protein expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry. Time to CRPC and overall survival were subjected to Log- Rank analysis and Cox regression.

Results

Patients exhibiting AR-V7 + protein expression experienced a considerably shorter time to CRPC onset compared to those with AR-V7-expression (21.13 vs. 40.05 months; p-value = 0.020). In the assessment of overall survival, patients with AR-V7 + protein expression demonstrated significantly poorer overall survival rates in contrast to those with AR-V7-expression (17.00 vs. 22.00 months; p = 0.00).

Conclusions

Diminished AR-V7 + protein expression emerges as a predictive indicator for a shortened time to CRPC onset. Moreover, AR-V7 protein expression holds prognostic value in predicting overall survival among prostate cancer patients.
Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal critical gene regulatory network in response to drought stress in Dendrobium nobile Lindl
Authors: Lv Chaoyan , He Ya , Jiang Zaiqian , Hu Wenjia , Zhang Mei
Published: February 2025

Background

Dendrobium nobile Lindl belongs to the genus Dendrobium of the orchid family and is a valuable herbal medicine. Drought stress severely affects the growth of D. nobile Lindl; however, the specific regulatory mechanisms have not yet been elucidated.

Results

In the present study, we conducted a combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis of D. nobile Lindl stems under different drought stress conditions. Global transcriptomic changes were detected in Dendrobium under different drought stress conditions. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in plant hormone signal transduction; cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis; starch and sucrose metabolism; and the biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites. The differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) detected using STEM analysis were enriched in pathways associated with glucosinolate biosynthesis and cyanoamino acid metabolism. We constructed a regulatory network for the drought tolerance of Dendrobium by weighted gene co-expression analysis.

Conclusions

The results showed that arginine and proline metabolism, glucosinolate biosynthesis and tyrosine metabolism pathways participated in regulating drought stress in D. nobile Lindl. Our study provides a theoretical basis for studying the drought resistance mechanisms in Dendrobium.
Left atrial strain predicts paroxysmal atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation: a 1-year study using three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li He , Wang Yan , Yu Tianle , Li Jiacheng , Wu Yumeng , Yu Zhiwen , Liang Cuixing , Yu Dan , Xue Li
Published: February 2025

Background

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is a widely employed method for restoring sinus rhythm(SR) in patients with drug-refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) is a precise and practical imaging technique for clinically assessing myocardial function in the left atrium. The objective of this study was to assess alterations in three-dimensional strains and predict recurrence in patients with PAF following RFCA.

Methods

A total of 109 patients diagnosed with drug-refractory PAF and scheduled for RFCA were included in this study between September 2019 and June 2022. Conventional echocardiography and 3DSTE were performed prior to and one year(median period of 12.2 months) after RFCA. Global three-dimensional left atrial (LA) strain parameters, along with those of the left ventricle, were measured and analyzed statistically. The primary study endpoint was the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Results

Among the 109 patients, 78 maintained a stable SR during the one-year follow-up after RFCA, while 31 experienced a recurrence of AF. Notably, patients who sustained SR demonstrated significant improvements in various LA strain parameters, including reservoir, pump, and conduit functions, compared to both their preoperative levels and those of patients who experienced recurrence(p < 0.05). Additionally, patients with sustained SR exhibited a significant reduction in LA volume compared to those with recurrence(p = 0.003). Furthermore, left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) and left ventricular global area strain (LVGAS) of the left ventricle showed improvement while maintaining a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after RFCA(p < 0.05). Our multivariate regression analysis revealed that left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) independently predicted the recurrence of AF [odds ratio (OR), 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.35, p = 0.005]. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve(AUC) for LASr in assessing the risk of recurrence after RFCA in patients with PAF was 0.70 ( 95% CI, 0.60–0.81, P = 0.001). The calculated cutoff value was 16.5%.

Conclusions

RFCA plays a pivotal role in preserving SR and restoring LA function in patients with PAF. 3D-STE is highly effective for post-RFCA prognostic assessment. LASr, a predictive marker for the recurrence of PAF assists in the stratification of risk and contributes to informed treatment decisions, offering valuable points of reference.
Potentially traumatic childbirth experience, childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and the parent-infant relationship in non-birthing parents
Authors: Hunter Rebecca , De Pascalis Leonardo , Anders Kieran , Slade Pauline
Published: February 2025

Background

Non-birthing parents are typically present for the birth of their infants. Evidence suggests that some non-birthing parents may experience witnessing childbirth as traumatic, with some going on to develop childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD). This study aimed to explore the associations between non-birthing parents’ experiences of childbirth, symptoms of CB-PTSD, and the parent-infant relationship. The COVID-19 pandemic context is considered throughout the study, although it must be noted that most data were not collected during UK lockdown restrictions.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was utilised. Participants were non-birthing parents who were present for the birth of their first infant, aged between 6 weeks and 12 months old. Participants were recruited through social media platforms via third-sector organisations, namely Dad Matters; a Home-Start project and The Birth Trauma Association. A total of 312 non-birthing parents provided demographic details and obstetric details of the mother’s birth. They also completed questionnaires about their experiences of the birth they were present for, CB-PTSD symptoms, and levels of warmth and invasion in the parent-infant relationship.

Results

Within this sample, 49% experienced the birth they were present for as potentially traumatic. Moreover, 10.1% met clinical criteria for CB-PTSD symptoms, and an additional 7% met sub-clinical criteria. Non-birthing parents who experienced birth as potentially traumatic reported significantly higher CB-PTSD symptoms and felt a greater sense of invasion in relation to their infant. However, levels of warmth in the parent-infant relationship were not statistically different between the two groups. CB-PTSD symptoms had significant associations with invasion but not with warmth, and they mediated the relationship between possible birth trauma and invasion in the parent-infant relationship.

Conclusions

This study’s sample revealed a substantial proportion of non-birthing parents experiencing birth as potentially traumatic, with 10.1% meeting CB-PTSD criteria, a higher incidence than previously reported in the literature. This may be attributed the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. CB-PTSD symptoms were negatively associated with feelings of invasion in the parent-infant relationship, but not with warmth. Future research should aim to replicate this study design with routine samples of non-birthing parents recruited from maternity settings.
Most oncological pancreas resections must consider the mesopancreas
Authors: Safi S. A. , David S. , Haeberle L. , Vaghiri S. , Luedde T. , Roderburg C. , Esposito I. , Fluegen G. , Knoefel W. T.
Published: February 2025

Background

In preoperative staging for patients with a ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head (PDAC), resectability is anatomically characterized by the possible clearance of the medial vascular grove. Borderline resectable PDAC patients who retain an increased risk of infiltration to the portomesenteric system and/or arterial vasculate are candidates for neoadjuvant therapy. However, redefined pathological analysis revealed the dorsal resection margin to be similar at risk for R1 resection. Mesopancreatic excision (MPE) aims to secure the integrity of the dorsal and ventral resection margins. The existence of the mesopancreas (MP) is inevitable, since the pancreas is of a secondary retroperitoneal nature and the dorsal as well as ventral fascial coverings define the peripancreatic compartment anatomy. It remains unknown if the MP area is only infiltrated in high-risk PDAC patients or if MPE during pancreatoduodenectomy should be employed for localized PDAC patients as well.

Methods

Patients who underwent upfront pancreatoduodenectomy were included. CRM evaluation and analysis of the MP was standardized in all patients. Patients were sub-grouped by the infiltration status of the vascular groove (localized disease: LOC). In LOC patients there was evidently no cancerous infiltration into the medial vascular groove (true + primary resectable).

Results

Two hundred eighty-four consecutive patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy were included (169 LOC patients). In LOC patients the MP infiltration rate remained high but was significantly lower when compared to advanced PDAC patients (MP + 69.2% vs. 83.5%, p = 0.005). In LOC patients, CRM resection status of the dorsal resection status remained significantly affected by the MP infiltration status (R0CRM– 80.5% vs. 62.8%, p = 0.019).

Conclusion

These important findings clearly show underestimated tumor extensions into the mesopancreas even in localized, primary resectable PDAC patients who are currently amenable for upfront resection. Synergistically to total mesorectal or mesocolic excision, which is applied to all stages of colorectal disease, MPE is justified in primary resectable patients as well. Therefore, MPE should be employed in all PDAC patients. Since the infiltration status of the mesopancreas was a significant factor for incomplete resection in primary resectable PDAC patients, neoadjuvant treatment options for must be discussed.
Associations between media parenting practices and early adolescent consumption of R-rated movies and mature-rated video games
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Li Karen , Sui Shirley S. , Talebloo Jonanne , Otmar Christopher D. , Shao Iris Yuefan , Kiss Orsolya , Ganson Kyle T. , Testa Alexander , He Jinbo , Baker Fiona C.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To assess whether specific parent media practices are associated with the consumption of R-rated (restricted) movies and mature-rated video game use in early adolescents.

Methods

Data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 10,054, 12–13 years, Year 3, 2019–2021) were analyzed. Ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess associations among media parenting practices and R-rated movies or mature-rated video game use, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

Parental allowance of bedroom screen use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–1.53), family mealtime screen use (AOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.13–1.25), and parent screen use (AOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.20) were positively associated with watching R-rated movies. Parental allowance of bedroom screen use (AOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.36–1.52), family mealtime screen use (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.19–1.32), and parent screen use (AOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–1.20) were positively associated with playing mature-rated video games. Greater parental monitoring and limiting of screen time were negatively associated with watching R-rated movies (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.77–0.85 and AOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.68–0.79 respectively) and playing mature-rated video games (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.77–0.86 and AOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.67–0.77). Restricting screen time as a punishment for misbehavior was linked to a higher odds of watching R-rated movies (AOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.11) and playing mature-rated video games (AOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.17) while offering screen time to reward for good behavior was negatively associated with watching R-rated movies (AOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–0.99).

Conclusions

Media parenting practices such as monitoring or limiting screen use are significantly associated with playing mature-rated video games and watching R-rated movies. Punitive measures, such as restricting screen time as a punishment are slightly associated with increased engagement with such content. These findings highlight the importance of intentional and thoughtful parental strategies in managing children’s media consumption effectively.
Stepping into adulthood: pediatric cancer survivors and their parents’ perspectives on the transition from pediatric to adult care
Authors: Ekaterina Aleshchenko , Thorsten Langer , Gabriele Calaminus , Juliane Glogner , Swart Enno , Baust Katja
Published: February 2025

Aims

The transition from pediatric to adult healthcare is crucial for adolescent cancer survivors due to the potential lifelong late effects of their treatment. Despite the importance of ongoing follow-up care, attendance often declines after transitioning to adult services. This study explores the perspectives of adolescent and adult pediatric cancer survivors and their families on this transition process.

Methods

Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour, we developed interview guidelines and conducted 36 episodic narrative interviews with survivors and their parents. Our analysis focuses on their transition experiences and expectations, as part of the broader VersKiK-Study aimed at improving (long-term) follow-up care for pediatric cancer survivors in Germany.

Results

Findings show that although transitioning is viewed as a significant step toward adulthood, a lack of preparedness and anxiety can hinder a shift between healthcare systems. Survivors expressed the need to initiate the transition process while still under pediatric care. Clear and effective communication was identified as key to ensuring a smooth transition. Adult survivors acknowledged the transition's importance in fostering self-reliance and independence.

Conclusions

To facilitate better outcomes, transition planning should include early introductions to adult care providers and strong communication strategies to address the emotional and psychosocial challenges faced by adolescent cancer survivors. Aligning transition practices with the needs and concerns of survivors could enhance follow-up care engagement, ultimately improving long-term outcomes for pediatric cancer survivors.
Upadacitinib in active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: 2-year data from the phase 3 SELECT-AXIS 2 study
Authors: Van den Bosch Filip , Deodhar Atul , Poddubnyy Denis , Maksymowych Walter P. , van der Heijde Désirée , Kim Tae-Hwan , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Baraliakos Xenofon , Bu Xianwei , Lagunes-Galindo Ivan , Song In-Ho , Wung Peter , Kato Koji , Shmagel Anna
Published: February 2025

Background

In SELECT-AXIS 2, upadacitinib improved the signs and symptoms of active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) through 52 weeks versus placebo and was well tolerated. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib through 2 years.

Methods

The study enrolled eligible adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of nr-axSpA who met the 2009 Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) classification criteria and had objective signs of active inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of sacroiliac joints and/or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive double-blinded treatment with upadacitinib 15 mg once daily (QD) or placebo for 52 weeks, after which all patients received open-label treatment with upadacitinib 15 mg QD. Efficacy results over 104 weeks were reported as observed (AO) and either AO with non-responder imputation (AO-NRI; binary endpoints) or AO with mixed-effect model for repeated measures (continuous endpoints). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were summarized through week 104.

Results

Of 313 patients randomized and treated, 224 (continuous upadacitinib n = 117; placebo/upadacitinib n = 107) completed 104 weeks of treatment. In patients who received continuous upadacitinib, sustained improvement was observed through 2 years of treatment across efficacy endpoints including disease activity, pain, function, enthesitis, quality of life, and MRI measures of inflammation. At week 104, 57.1%, 59.0%, and 31.4% of patients achieved ASAS40 response, and low disease activity and inactive disease (as defined by Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score), respectively (AO-NRI); week 104 outcomes were generally similar in patients who initially received placebo and were switched to upadacitinib at week 52. In total, 286 patients were exposed to ≥ 1 dose of upadacitinib, comprising 378.3 patient-years (PY) of exposure. Upadacitinib was generally well tolerated, with exposure-adjusted event rates (EAERs) for TEAEs, serious adverse events (AEs), and AEs leading to study drug discontinuation of 207.5, 8.7, and 5.3 events/100 PY, respectively. EAERs of TEAEs of special interest were broadly consistent with those reported through week 52.

Conclusions

Treatment with upadacitinib demonstrated consistent improvement and maintenance of treatment effect across efficacy endpoints through 2 years; no new safety signals were identified with additional exposure.

Trial registration

NCT04169373.