bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nucleic Acid Sensors Involved in the Recognition of HBV in the Liver–Specific in vivo Transfection Mouse Models—Pattern Recognition Receptors and Sensors for HBV
Authors: Leong Chean , Oshiumi Hiroyuki , Suzuki Takayuki , Matsumoto Misako , Seya Tsukasa
Published: April 2015

Cellular innate immune system recognizing pathogen infection is critical for the host defense against viruses. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus with a unique life cycle whereby the DNA and RNA intermediates present at different phases. However, it is still unclear whether the viral DNA or RNA templates are recognized by the pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to trigger host antiviral immune response. Here in this article, we review the recent advances in the progress of the HBV studies, focusing on the nucleic acid sensors and the pathways involved in the recognition of HBV in the liver–specific in vivo transfection mouse models. Hydrodynamic injection transfecting the hepatocytes in the gene-disrupted mouse model with the HBV replicative genome DNA has revealed that IFNAR and IRF3/7 are indispensable in HBV eradication in the mice liver but not the RNA sensing pathways. Interestingly, accumulating evidence of the recent studies has demonstrated that HBV markedly interfered with IFN-β induction and antiviral immunity mediated by the Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which has been identified as a central factor in foreign DNA recognition and antiviral innate immunity. This review will present the current understanding of innate immunity in HBV infection and of the challenges for clearing of the HBV infection.
Comparison of Microbiological and Probiotic Characteristics of Lactobacilli Isolates from Dairy Food Products and Animal Rumen Contents
Authors: Jose Neethu , Bunt Craig , Hussain Malik
Published: April 2015

Lactobacilli are employed in probiotic food preparations and as feed additives in poultry and livestock, due to health benefits associated with their consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the probiotic potential of ten lactobacilli strains isolated from commercial dairy food products and animal rumen contents in New Zealand. Genetic identification of the isolates revealed that all belonged to the genus Lactobacillus, specifically the species L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum. All isolates did not show any haemolytic behaviour. Isolates of dairy origin showed better tolerance to low pH stress. On the other hand, rumen isolates exhibited a higher tolerance to presence of bile salts. All isolates exhibited resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, however most were sensitive to ampicillin. Isolates of rumen origin demonstrated a higher inhibitory effect on Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter aerogenes and Salmonella menston. Bacterial adherence of all isolates increased with a decrease in pH. This screening study on lactobacilli isolates has assessed and identified potential probiotic candidates for further evaluation.
Advances and Recent Trends in Heterogeneous Photo(Electro)-Catalysis for Solar Fuels and Chemicals
Authors: Highfield James
Published: April 2015

In the context of a future renewable energy system based on hydrogen storage as energy-dense liquid alcohols co-synthesized from recycled CO2, this article reviews advances in photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis that exploit solar (photonic) primary energy in relevant endergonic processes, viz., H2 generation by water splitting, bio-oxygenate photoreforming, and artificial photosynthesis (CO2 reduction). Attainment of the efficiency (>10%) mandated for viable techno-economics (USD 2.00–4.00 per kg H2) and implementation on a global scale hinges on the development of photo(electro)catalysts and co-catalysts composed of earth-abundant elements offering visible-light-driven charge separation and surface redox chemistry in high quantum yield, while retaining the chemical and photo-stability typical of titanium dioxide, a ubiquitous oxide semiconductor and performance “benchmark”. The dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cell and multi-junction Si are key “voltage-biasing” components in hybrid photovoltaic/photoelectrochemical (PV/PEC) devices that currently lead the field in performance. Prospects and limitations of visible-absorbing particulates, e.g., nanotextured crystalline α-Fe2O3, g-C3N4, and TiO2 sensitized by C/N-based dopants, multilayer composites, and plasmonic metals, are also considered. An interesting trend in water splitting is towards hydrogen peroxide as a solar fuel and value-added green reagent. Fundamental and technical hurdles impeding the advance towards pre-commercial solar fuels demonstration units are considered.
This Side of the Fence: Some Remarks on the Animal Liberation of the Anthropos
Authors: Forkasiewicz Kris
Published: April 2015

Informed by body-phenomenology, pragmatism, and critical theory, this aphoristic essay comprises a consideration of some of the more dire consequences of human Empire-building among anthropic animals. The notion of human teleology, active beneath social class, gender, and other anthropic qualifiers, is theorized as a dead end, an abstraction translated into real power and propped up at the cost of actual bodyselves—fully corporeal living individuals—and attentiveness to their needs. In this context, animal liberation, usually referring to ending the domination of other animals at anthropic hands, is posited as pertinent to anthropic animality, especially under late modernity’s “desomatizing regime”. Animal liberation, it is held, speaks to each and every one of us, though in ways depending on the specificity of our lived situations, and unmasks the ultimate absurdity of attempts to overcome our animal condition, attempts historically coalescing precisely in human Empire.
Balzac and the Crimes of the Powerful
Authors: Ruggiero Vincenzo
Published: April 2015

This paper proposes a journey through some of the many novels written by Honoré de Balzac, through the mythic constitution of his world, his epic, which summons up the same recurrent circle of figures: his “human comedy” will offer surprising insights for a better understanding of the crimes of the powerful.
Chemical Analysis of Wastewater from Unconventional Drilling Operations
Authors: Thacker Jonathan , Carlton Doug , Hildenbrand Zacariah , Kadjo Akinde , Schug Kevin
Published: April 2015

Trillions of liters of wastewater from oil and gas extraction are generated annually in the US. The contribution from unconventional drilling operations (UDO), such as hydraulic fracturing, to this volume will likely continue to increase in the foreseeable future. The chemical content of wastewater from UDO varies with region, operator, and elapsed time after production begins. Detailed chemical analyses may be used to determine its content, select appropriate treatment options, and identify its source in cases of environmental contamination. In this study, one wastewater sample each from direct effluent, a disposal well, and a waste pit, all in West Texas, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, high performance ion chromatography, total organic carbon/total nitrogen analysis, and pH and conductivity analysis. Several compounds known to compose hydraulic fracturing fluid were detected among two of the wastewater samples including 2-butoxyethanol, alkyl amines, and cocamide diethanolamines, toluene, and o-xylene. Due both to its quantity and quality, proper management of wastewater from UDO will be essential.
Introduction of a metabolic joint asymmetry score derived from conventional bone scintigraphy
Authors: Khalaf F. , Seidel M. , Al Zreiqat A. , Wilsmann-Theis D. , Simon B. , Biersack H.-J. , Sabet A. , Ezziddin S.
Published: April 2015

Aim: Clinical differentiation of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (rA) based on the pattern of joint involvement can be difficult; the frequent form of PsA with polyarthritis of the peripheral joints may sometime resemble rA. We investigated a metabolic joint asymmetry score (MJAS), reflecting the overall asymmetric joint involvement on conventional bone scintigraphy, for differentiating PsA from rA in patients presenting with peripheral polyarthritis. Patients, methods: 106 patients (n = 61, PsA; n = 45, rA) with peripheral polyarthritis (≥ 5 joints) as well as 26 control subjects with no history of chronic joint disorders were analyzed. The intensity of articular 99mTc-MDP uptake in 40 peripheral joint pairs was scored regarding the bilateral difference of each joint based on a scale of 0–2 (no significant, moderate, and marked asymmetry, respectively). The patient's MJAS was defined as the sum of uptake difference scores of all joint pairs. The association of MJAS with the underlying condition (Psoriasis criteria, Revised Criteria of the ACR) was examined. Results: 5280 peripheral joint pairs were investigated. There was no significant difference in the total number of involved joints in PsA 15.0 ± 8.2 versus rA 17.5 ± 8.8 patients (p = 0.132), but significantly less involvement in the control group (6.7 ± 5.0, p < 0.001). MJAS was markedly higher in PsA (17.0 ± 9.6) than in rA (4.8 ± 3.9, p < 0.001), and correlated with the total number of involved joints in PsA (r = 0.516, p < 0.001), but not in rA (r = 0.078, p = 0.380). The MJAS disparity between PsA and rA persisted after exclusion of the DIP joints (14.4 ± 7.7 vs. 4.4 ± 3.3; p<0.001). Conclusions: The new reproducible semi-quantification method for the asymmetry of metabolic joint involvement permits differentiation of psoriatic from rheumatoid peripheral arthritis with MJAS being markedly higher in patients with PsA as compared to rA patients. The score may offer an effective complementary tool for characterizing patients with peripheral polyarthritis.
Correlation between staphylococcal biofilm formation in vitro and potential for catheter-related infections
Authors: Oufrid Salwa , Ghazlane Zineb , Jamali Loubna , El Otmani Fatima , Talmi Mustapha , Elmdaghri Naima , Zerouali Khalid , Timinouni Mohammed
Published: April 2015

Introduction: The present study evaluated biofilm-forming capacity and the presence of both icaA and icaD genes among staphylococcal strains isolated from catheter-related infections and blood culture. Methodology: Ninety staphylococcal isolates, which included 45 strains of catheter infection origin and 45 strains of blood culture origin, were tested for their ability to produce biofilm using microtiter test plates and a catheter test. The presence of icaA and icaD genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of the 45 strains of catheter infection origin, 22 (48.88%) formed biofilm. In comparison, only 10 (22.22%) of the 45 strains of blood culture origin formed biofilms. Similar results were obtained from both the microplate test and catheter test. In the 32 strains that were able to form biofilm, 30 were positive for icaA and icaD genes, and the remaining 2 strains were negative for both genes. Fifteen staphylococcal strains of all origins presented only the icaA locus and did not form biofilm. In 88 of 90 tested strains (97.77%), there was a positive correlation between biofilm production and presence of icaA and icaD genes, and between no biofilm production and absence of both or only one of the tested genes. Conclusions: The ability of staphylococcal isolates to form biofilm in vitro appears to be an indication of a virulence trait that enhances the ability of isolates to cause catheter-related infections. In addition, our results indicate an important role of ica genes and phenotypic variability of biofilm production as virulence factors in staphylococcal infections.
Antimicrobial resistance surveillance of Salmonella isolates from the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Yaxian Jiang , Hui Zuo , Hua Niu , Xiaoqin Mao , Fengliang Li , Ning Xu , Jiajia Li , Jie Jiang , Rui Zheng
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Typhoid fever is a common disease in Yunnan province; however, the resistant phenotype and epidemic characteristics of Salmonella in this area are still unclear. In this study, a 15-year surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella is reported. Methodology: From January 1999 to December 2013, Salmonella isolates were recovered from patients in the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province. Antimicrobial susceptibility was detected and data were analyzed using WHONET5.6. Results: A total of 845 Salmonella isolates were recovered between 1999 and 2013. The most frequently isolated Salmonella serovar was S. Paratyphi A (93%), and 75.1% (635/845) of the isolates were from the young and middle-aged population. The resistance rates of Salmonella spp. to ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone increased dramatically during the 15 years. Carbapenems retained the highest and most stable activity against isolates. The resistance rates of all Salmonella isolates to chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole were 0.4% (3/845) and 1.8% (15/845), respectively. Conclusions: As Salmonella isolates have been observed to be resistant to first-line antibiotics, antimicrobial agents should be used rationally and prescriptions should be based on case-by-case susceptibility testing.
Vitamin D and respiratory infections
Authors: De Sa Del Fiol Fernando , Barberato-Filho Silvio , Lopes Luciane Cruz , De Cassia Bergamaschi Cristiane
Published: April 2015

Vitamin D or 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D) has a well-established role in calcium homeostasis. In recent years, the discovery of vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the lungs and various cells of the immune system has led to numerous studies conducted to evaluate its role in respiratory functions and, in particular, upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). A PubMed literature search was done using vitamin D and respiratory infections as key words. Only clinical studies were considered. This study aimed to review recent clinical and epidemiological studies conducted in adults and children, and to evaluate the functional role of vitamin D in respiratory infections. The evaluated studies show an important immunomodulatory role of vitamin D, which reduces the incidence and risk of URTIs, both in children and in adults. Combating URTIs can be done prophylactically, associating the use of vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae with strengthening the immune system through supplementation with vitamin D. These actions can significantly contribute to reducing the number of URTIs, the use of antibiotics, and consequently, the rates of antimicrobial resistance.
An outbreak of influenza A(H3N2) in Alappuzha district, Kerala, India, in 2011
Authors: Peter Sam , Balakrishnan Anukumar , Potdar Varsha A , Chadha Mandeep S , Jadhav Santhosh M
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Influenza is an RNA virus that belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family. It causes a highly contagious acute respiratory illness, has been recognized since ancient times, and is a major health threat throughout the world. An outbreak of influenza-like illness (ILI) was reported from Alappuzha district of Kerala State between late June and July 2011. This investigation was conducted to determine the clinical picture, causative agents, and epidemiological characteristics of the illness. Methodology: The World Health Organization (WHO)’s case definition for ILI was followed throughout the investigation. Nasal or throat swabs were collected from 204 suspected patients. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based diagnosis was performed to detect influenza A and B viruses and their subtypes. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line was used for virus isolation. One-step RT-PCR was performed to amplify the HA1 gene of influenza A(H3N2). The amplicons for the HA1 gene of influenza A(H3N2) were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was done. Results: Analysis of the data revealed that 96 (47.05%) of the 204 respiratory specimens collected were influenza A(H3N2) and only 6 (2.94%) were A(H1N1)pdm09. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolated A(H3N2) was closely related to the 2012–2013 northern hemisphere vaccine strain (A/Victoria/361/2011/H3N2). Conclusions: An influenza A(H3N2) outbreak was confirmed in Alappuzha district of Kerala state with a co-circulation of A(H1N1)pdm09. No substantial difference in the sequence was observed in the etiological agent, and the virus was found to be sensitive to oseltamivir.
Genotyping methods for monitoring the epidemic evolution of A. baumannii strains
Authors: Ahmed Salman Shaheer , Alp Emine
Published: April 2015

Acinetobacter baumannii is clustered with other phenotypically similar species into what has commonly become known as the ACB complex: A. calcoaceticus, A. pittii and, A. nosocomialis. The ecology and pathology of most of these species are not well understood, mainly because current specific phenotypic techniques have, to date, been insufficient. This has inhibited both the precise identification of, as well as the ability to discriminate between, these clinically important and closely related Acinetobacter strains.  However, new genotypic methods have greatly enhanced our capacity to identify the ACB complex. This has resulted in the implementation of more rational infection control programs. Several genotypic identification methods are explored in this study, including non-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and PCR-based methods. These methods include ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, 16S rRNA identification, multilocus sequence typing, single locus sequence typing, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, restriction analysis of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer sequences, rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA, and repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR; however, there is no current single ideal genotyping method. Each one has its own advantages and disadvantages. With this in mind we reviewed current and new genotyping methods used to characterize the Acinetobacter species.
La prématurité en 2014, historique et perspectives
Authors: Lardeux Claude
Published: April 2015

La prématurité est devenue une préoccupation majeure de santé publique. L’augmentation du nombre d’enfants prématurés est constante tant pour des raisons démographiques que sociétales. La généralisation de la corticothérapie anténatale, l’utilisation de surfactant, l’organisation en réseaux périnataux et l’évolution des techniques ont permis une meilleure survie des enfants les plus immatures. Cependant, leur devenir neurodéveloppemental reste grevé de séquelles motrices, cognitives et comportementales dont la fréquence et la sévérité augmentent avec le degré de prématurité. L’amélioration du pronostic neurologique de ces enfants ne pourra se faire que par la conjonction d’améliorations techniques, médicamenteuses et d’organisation des soins qui tendent à diminuer les durées de ventilation, d’hospitalisation, la douleur et le stress chez ces enfants dont le cerveau est à une période de particulière vulnérabilité.
Prématurés et camsp . Pour qui ? Pourquoi ? Comment ?
Authors: Valleur-Masson Danielle , Jeannin Catherine
Published: April 2015

Dans l’accompagnement de l’enfant prématuré, le camsp propose à l’enfant un étayage dans son organisation sensori-motrice et psychique, une écoute et une réassurance des parents dans leurs compétences. Le bébé a besoin avant tout, comme ses parents, d’une période d’apaisement après l’hospitalisation, sans stimulation intempestive mais avec des professionnels attentifs et formés à la clinique du développement. Le suivi proposé est une co-construction avec les parents. Il respecte les besoins fondamentaux de tous les jeunes enfants. Il préserve la mise en place des premiers liens d’attachement et soutient les parents dans leurs compétences auprès de l’enfant et de la fratrie. Il intervient dans la proximité et permet l’intégration de l’enfant dans les lieux de la petite enfance et selon le projet de la famille. Il accompagne tant que nécessaire l’enfant et sa famille et aide à construire un projet de soins puis d’avenir, en veillant au respect du rôle fondamental des parents.
Museo pseudepigrafo, un ponte artificiale tra Orfeo ed Eleusi
Authors: De Cicco Pasqua
Published: April 2015

Le but principal de cet article est de répondre à un manque d’études détaillées sur Musée orphique. La valeur de sa poésie et les problèmes liés à sa généalogie ont été en effet très peu étudiés par les scientifiques. Cette figure a été inventée vers la fin du VI e siècle av. J.-C. comme un complément de la tradition orphique et une personnification d’un certain type de littérature. Le chresmologue Onomacrite publia une collection de ses oracles, qu’Hérodote considéra moins fiables que Bakis : d’où, probablement, le jugement de Pausanias sur la poésie de Musée. Pendant la période classique, Musée a été pourvu d’une généalogie et lié à Eumolpos, l’objectif étant de rattacher la tradition orphique à celle d’Éleusis. La structure de cette généalogie a produit un débat entre Athènes et les Eumolpides, ces derniers n’acceptant pas la soumission de leur fondateur. La conséquence de ce débat est la multiplication des niveaux de généalogie de Musée à partir du IV e siècle av. J.-C.
Le mystérieux doublement de la rançon gauloise et le procès de Manlius Capitolinus
Authors: Poulle Bruno
Published: April 2015

Lors de la prise de Rome par les Gaulois, la possibilité d’une réduction pondérale de la livre permet d’expliquer trois faits historiques. D’une part, alors que le montant attesté de la rançon gauloise était de mille livres, on constata en 52 av. J.-C. un mystérieux doublement de l’or déposé au Capitole. D’autre part, le différend entre Brennus et les Romains lors de la pesée est le signe que la livre n’avait pas la même valeur pour les deux parties. Enfin, les accusations portées contre Manlius Capitolinus et le soutien que lui apportèrent les débiteurs s’expliquent par cette dévaluation.
Les territoires ruraux comme source de recrutement pour la flotte
Authors: Mihailescu-Bîrliba Lucreţiu , Răileanu Violeta-Maria
Published: April 2015

Les auteurs analysent les diplômes militaires où les soldats libérés mentionnent non seulement leur cité, mais aussi leur vicus d’origine. Le cas étudié sera Nicopolis ad Istrum (Mésie Inférieure), où plusieurs soldats recrutés au sein du territoire rural de la province rentrent chez eux après l’accomplissement du service militaire. En même temps, les auteurs identifient les unités où les militaires étaient actifs, les moments de leur recrutement et expliquent comment l’indication du vicus peut être englobée dans un contexte général. À la fin de cet article, ils formulent une nouvelle hypothèse sur la citoyenneté des marins sous Septime Sévère.
Goutte de Vies, un collectif singulier ...
Authors: Cevenes Yves , Velut Nicolas
Published: April 2015

Goutte de Vies, le collectif des Morts de la rue 31, est une association qui, en s’occupant de la mort de ceux dont on ne s’occupe pas, tente de s’opposer à la disparition complète, allant jusqu’à l’effacement mémoriel, des « exclus » comme but ultime d’un long processus qui commence bien avant la mort biologique du sujet en état d’exclusion. Par son travail de soutien de ceux qui restent et de support d’un témoignage, elle est aussi le réceptacle des effets de revitalisation et de remise en récit d’histoires un temps interrompues qui sont autant d’effets subjectifs de la disparition de « l’exclu ».
Histoire d’en parler
Authors: Estivals François , Delerue Marie
Published: April 2015

L’ asp Toulouse, membre de l’Union nationale des asp , accompagne les personnes confrontées aux périodes difficiles de la maladie grave et de la fin de vie ainsi que les personnes en deuil. Elle compte, à Toulouse, une centaine de bénévoles. Elle intervient au domicile ou en institution pour les patients et leur famille dans une démarche interdisciplinaire. Pour les personnes en deuil, l’ asp propose une ligne d’écoute ainsi que des entretiens individuels, et des groupes de partage et d’entraide animés par des bénévoles spécialement formés. Les groupes de partage et d’entraide pour les personnes endeuillées ont lieu au local de l’association pour certains (en particulier pour le deuil périnatal) et pour d’autres, dans le cadre du dispositif « Histoire d’en parler », à l’hôpital La Grave (Toulouse). Ils permettent de découvrir que l’on peut, en prenant la parole devant les autres, se situer en acteur de sa propre histoire, trouver un écho à sa souffrance chez ceux qui ont vécu des situations similaires, être aidé par les autres et les aider. Les échanges très libres, dans la résonance aux mots de l’autre, rassurent chacun sur la normalité du vécu de deuil. Le groupe est aussi un « sas » social pour rompre l’isolement.
Vie et mort à la maternité. Témoignages de soignants
Authors: Metge Daniel , Collas Ève , Puyuelo Laurent
Published: April 2015

Un mort à la maternité : cela peut paraître inconcevable de nos jours. Cet article retrace le vécu de l’équipe de la maternité de la clinique de l’Union (Toulouse) face à l’annonce d’un décès fœtal. À la fois ensemble mais aussi chacun de son côté. L’accompagnement d’une parturiente dans cette naissance d’un mort-né est vécu ici du côté soignant. Médecin, sage-femme, psychologue racontent leurs vécus personnels : partagés entre soins, souffrance et solitude. Chacun à sa place mais dans un travail d’équipe tenant compte de la singularité de chaque situation.
Mourir en ehpad
Authors: Le Gall Joëlle
Published: April 2015

À quelles mains livrerons-nous demain nos derniers instants de vie ? Qui pourra nous aider, nous aimer, pour accompagner ce passage de l’autre côté du miroir ? Aurons-nous le choix de nos derniers moments et qui sera là pour nous rassurer et caresser notre main, notre front ? L’enfant qui voit le jour est condamné inévitablement à mourir un jour, notre vie c’est aussi notre mort. Pour les non-croyants, c’est le néant, pour d’autres, la lumière divine. Ce passage, notre dernier salut à la vie, sachons le protéger et le respecter pour le bien de l’humanité.
La peur de ne pas mourir à laquelle confronte l’expérience psychotique
Authors: Ponet Blandine
Published: April 2015

Le poids de la confrontation à la psychose, l’angoisse qui en résulte pour ceux qui sont en première ligne, comme les infirmiers qui travaillent en psychiatrie, provoquent souvent des réactions défensives d’enfermement. L’auteur essaie de comprendre de l’intérieur ce qui est en jeu dans cet acte.
La filière éducative : quel genre de travail ?
Authors: Pech Rémi , San Martin Evangelina
Published: April 2015

À l’aide d’une étude menée auprès de stagiaires de la filière éducative, nous avons voulu mettre au jour les représentations sociales que peuvent avoir des amp , me et es au tout début de leur formation à propos de l’exercice de leur future profession et en particulier en ce qui concerne leurs aptitudes « naturelles » liées à leur statut d’homme ou de femme. Ainsi, au travers de cette étude, il s’agit bien de questionner ce qui, de fait, contribue à la formation des comportements et des attitudes des futurs professionnels.
L’engendrement du Fils dans la mort
Authors: Rémy Gérard
Published: April 2015

Selon la théologie des Pères, le Christ est engendré dans l’éternité et dans le temps mais ne meurt qu’une fois dans sa chair, mort que sa résurrection transforme en victoire sur les forces du mal pour notre salut. L’originalité de la réflexion du P. Durrwell est d’articuler la mort du Christ, comprise comme abandon total à la volonté du Père, à son engendrement par lui dans la gloire pascale par la puissance de l’Esprit. Ainsi le Fils n’est l’artisan du salut qu’en étant le salut personnifié. Sa mort comme abandon se révèle dans toute sa signification trinitaire comme signe de dépendance radicale du Fils à l’égard du Père qui l’engendre dans l’Esprit et l’exalte dans l’égalité de sa nature.
Blended and Online Learning in Virtual K-12 Schools
Authors: Kumi-Yeboah Alex
Published: April 2015

Since 2000, there has been an increasing rate of online learning directed toward K-12 schools in the United States. The need for online courses has become evident as schools are searching for ways to meet student's learning needs. Online and blended courses provide options for schools with limited curricular offerings, scheduling conflicts, or find it difficult to provide highly qualified teachers. In the 2010/2011 school year, it was estimated that approximately 1.5 million students in K-12 schools across the United States were enrolled in an online course (Wicks, 2010). However, a literature search indicates that not much is known about K-12 blended and online learning instruction in virtual K-12 schools. Various issues such as types of instructional delivery, optional management skills, current trend of blended learning, the academic impact on K-12 education are critical areas for teachers and administrators to consider (iNACOL, 2011). This chapter seeks to demonstrate the growing trend of blended and online learning in the United States, analyze instructional implications of blended and online learning to students, discuss major obstacles to blended and online learning in K-12 schools, address possible solutions, and provide recommendations for further studies.
Increasing Research Students' Engagement through Virtual Communities
Authors: Limniou Maria , Holdcroft Clare , Holmes Paul S.
Published: April 2015

This chapter describes important issues regarding research students' participation in a virtual community. Within a virtual community, university staff can communicate with research students without geographical/space constraints, and research students can exchange views, materials, and experience with their peers and/or academics in a flexible learning environment. Students' participation in virtual communities is mainly based on socio-emotional and informational motivations. Initially, this chapter describes the conditions of research in a traditional environment and the role of students and academics in it, along with the role of pedagogical and psychological aspects in virtual communities. Examples from a university virtual community developed in a Virtual Learning Environment and a Facebook™ closed group are presented. Apart from discussion forums, blended learning activities also increase students' engagement in virtual communities. Technical issues and difficulties based on different learning environments and university members' experience and familiarity with technology are highlighted and discussed.
Blended Course Design
Authors: McGee Patricia
Published: April 2015

Blended or hybrid course design is generally considered to involve a combination of online and classroom activities. However defining blended courses solely based on delivery mode suggests there is nothing more to a blended course than where students meet and how they use technology. Ultimately there is a risk that blended courses defined in this way will not utilize effective strategies that have proven to improve learning for students. This study investigates pedagogical strategies or designs that have reported success in higher education coursework as published in articles that address blended pedagogy. A qualitative meta-interpretive analysis identified eight themes: definitions of blended design, meetings for the learner, online priority, technology with a purpose, focused e-interactions, active learning, distribution of time, pedagogical chunking, and outliers and omissions.
How Do They Fare?
Authors: Komarnicki Janet Kuser , Qian Yufeng
Published: April 2015

Blended learning is proliferating rapidly in higher education across the United States. However, this learning environment may pose new challenges to learners at moderately selective colleges who are normally found to be low in autonomy. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to examine the learning achievement and course satisfaction of this group of learners in two sections of a course, with one being blended and the other a face-to-face. The results, shown in this chapter, reveal that instructional mode does not have a significant effect on learning achievement and course satisfaction; however, a further examination into the course structure, dialogue, and learner autonomy suggests that low structure and high dialogue can help reduce transactional distance and a synchronous format for the online component in a blended course is highly recommended. In addition, coaching and scaffolding learner autonomy is indispensible for learners at moderately selective colleges and should be considered in the design and implementation of online learning.
Blended for Student Engagement and Retention
Authors: Munene Ishmael I. , Darby Flower , Doherty John J.
Published: April 2015

Facetiously described as the “third generation” of distance learning, blended learning is now the new kid on the block in the deployment of technology to support teaching and learning. Its versatility as a pedagogical strategy for creating learner-centered instruction lies in the capacity to exploit the potentials of both the traditional face-to-face instruction and online learning modality in order to provide students with multiple pathways of learning. Yet, developing a blended course to take advantage of these duo capabilities is a monumental challenge for faculty. This chapter presents an analysis of approaches and models employed by faculty at Northern Arizona University to develop and deliver two blended courses as part of the institution's strategy of using technology to enhance undergraduate student engagement and retention. The analysis shows that a multimodal approach that infuses technologies and media and a proactive institutional policy in favor of blended learning, coupled with strategic faculty development, provides the best pathway to developing robust blended courses that are truly learner-centered.
The Role of Blogging in a Changing Society
Authors: Nisiforou Efi A. , Eteokleous Nikleia
Published: April 2015

Educational blogs have remained a noteworthy component, even in an age of rapid technological development. The chapter makes an in-depth description of the blogging phenomenon as it tackles the most important findings of the international literature. It provides insights into the connection between teacher identity, within the context of higher education, by incorporating aspects of theory and practice. The practical tone reports on three case studies on the use of blogs in education. A set of evaluation criteria on blogging for educational purposes and a theoretical framework for utilizing blogging as a problem solving approach are addressed. Moreover, it stresses necessity for the development of a pedagogical framework that will guide blog integration as a learning-cognitive tool in achieving specific learning outcomes. The results underscore the importance of essential training for the effective implementation of educational blogging in teaching and learning environments. A compendium of terms, definitions and explanations of concepts are clearly explained.
Italian Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency National Epidemiological Observatory methodology and preliminary data
Authors: Mandolesi Sandro , D'Alessandro Aldo , Ciccone Marco Matteo , Zito Annapaola , Niglio Tarcisio , Manconi Ettore , Mandolesi Dimitri , D’Alessandro Alessandro , Bruno Aldo , Francesco Fedele
Published: April 2015

The aim of our work is to describe the Memnet program’s use and potential and to show the data of Italian Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI)-National Epidemiological Observatory (NEO) activity in the first three years (http://www.osservatorioccsvi. org). From 2011 to 2014, all echo-color- Doppler (ECD) assessments were stored by Mem-net program into CCSVI-NEO web site (http://www.mem-net.it). Mem-net is a tool for multicenter data collection based on the International Society for Neurovascular Disease consensus and position statement, where we can insert patients (pts) history, neurological visits, ECD assessments, different examinations, therapies and surgical procedures. The website provides an epidemiological and statistical program for data analysis in real time. At present, 7 medical centers, affiliated to CCSVI-NEO, input their symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects with CCSVI. Data were storage using the Mem-net program. We analyzed data of only four centers on seven (Rome, Bari, Cagliari and Benevento). Total pts number with multiple sclerosis (MS) was 1109, mean age 46.0±13.4 [male 422 (38.05%); female 687 (61.95%)]. CCSVI positive pts were 937 (84.49%), CCSVI negative pts were 172 (15.51%). The CCSVI type 1 subjects were 530 (56.56%), CCSVI type 2 subjects were 20 (2.13%), CCSVI type 3 subjects were 387 (41.30%). We found 800 (85.38%) pts with criterion 1; 725 (77.37%) with criterion 2; 519 (55.39%) with criterion 3; 483 (51.55%) with criterion 4; 88 (9.39%) with criterion 5. The venous hemodynamic insufficiency severity score mean score was 3.8; the CCSVI mean score was 2.8; the MEM mean score was 34.7; the expanded disability status scale mean score was 4.5; the disease mean duration was 12.5±5.7 years. MS clinical types were divided as follows: relapsing-remitting pts were 449 (47.92%), Secondary progressive pts were 144 (15.37%), primary progressive pts were 72 (7.68%). The CCSVI-NEO database and Memnet software may be useful medical and researching tools for recording, storing, analyzing and studying ECD and vascular data. Preliminary data of NEO show an elevated prevalence of CCSVI in MS.
A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Judges
Authors: Moore George F.
Published: April 2015

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
Characteristics and formation mechanism of continuous extreme hazes in China: a case study in autumn of 2014 in the North China Plain
Authors: Yang Y. R. , Liu X. G. , Qu Y. , An J. L. , Jiang R. , Zhang Y. H. , Sun Y. L. , Wu Z. J. , Zhang F. , Xu W. Q. , Ma X. Q.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Four extreme haze episodes occurred in October 2014 in the North China Plain (NCP). To clarify the formation mechanism of hazes in the autumn, strengthened observations were conducted in Beijing from 5 October to 2 November. The meteorological parameters, satellite data, chemical compositions and optical properties of aerosols were obtained. The hazes originated from NCP, developing in the southwest and northeast directions, with the highest concentration of PM2.5 of 469 μg m−3 in Beijing. NCP was dominated by a weak high pressure system during the haze episode, which resulted in low surface wind speed and relatively stagnant weather. Moreover, the wind slowed down around Beijing city. The secondary aerosols NO3− was always higher than that of SO42−, which indicated the motor vehicles played a more important part in the hazes in October 2014, even though the oxidation rate from SO2 to SO42− was faster than that of NOx to NO3−. Sudden increases of the concentrations of organic matter, Cl− and BC (Black carbon) before each haze episode implied that regional transport of pollutants by biomass burning was important for haze formation during the autumn. A satellite map of fire points and the backward trajectories of the air masses also indicated this pollution source. The distinct decrease in the PBL (planetary boundary layer) height during four haze episodes restrained the vertical dispersion of the air pollutants. Water vapor also played a vital role in the formation of hazes by accelerating the chemical transformation of secondary pollutants, leading to hygroscopic growth of aerosols and altering the thermal balance of the atmosphere.
Making Life: Work as a Locus of Feminist Rehearsal
Authors: Shields Tanya
Published: April 2015

This essay examines representations of labor in Caribbean literature through the lens of feminist rehearsal, a term I have conceived, to argue that work is a central location in understanding Caribbean women’s belonging and power and that it connects them to the sexual and political economies of the region. With feminist rehearsal, I employ the same trope from several vantage points to reach a fuller understanding of the implications of the relational and symbolic power in Meiling Jin’s "Victoria" and Lorna Goodison’s "Bella Makes Life." These short stories, seen through/as feminist rehearsal, highlight the ways in which work, race, class, and belonging intersect in the Caribbean.
Nurse staffing, patient turnover and safety climate and their association with in-patient falls and injurious falls on medical acute care units: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hirsbrunner Therese , Denhaerynck Kris , Fierz Katharina , Milisen Koen , Schwendimann Rene
Published: April 2015

Objective: Falls and related injuries remain a considerable health risk for in-patients. Numerous studies link falls with nurse staffing levels, but the results are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between fall prevalence and injurious falls on medical wards and three unit-level system factors: daily nurse staffing, patient turnover, and safety climate.Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we conducted a secondary data analysis of data from the Patient Safety and Falls Project. Five medical units in a Swiss university hospital were included, resulting in a data set of 949 days, with daily measures of nurse staffing, patient turnover and falls. The safety climate was measured using a subscale of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire and analyzed at the unit level including data from 154 nurses. Robust multivariate logistic regression was used to explore nurse staffing, patient turnover, and safety climate’s associations with in-patient falls and fall injuries.Results: After controlling for patient age, length of stay and nursing fulltime equivalents, registered nurse experience showed a significant negative relationship with falls (OR = .83, p < .0001). Patient turnover and safety climate were not significantly associated to falls or fall injuries.Conclusions: By linking nurse staffing variables to in-patient falls and fall injuries, the current study’s findings partly confirm those of previous research. Further investigation will be necessary to isolate key factors influencing the association at the unit level between safety climate and in-patient falls.
A aceitação do MOODLE na educação a distância: uma aplicação do modelo conceitual UTAUT
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília, Farias Josivania Silva , Pereira Danilo Santana , Albuquerque Pedro Henrique Melo , Martins Mateus de Sousa
Published: April 2015

Aplicou-se nesta pesquisa o modelo Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) de Venkatesh et al. (2003) buscando verificar efeitos de fatores influenciadores da Intenção de Uso e o Uso Real da plataforma Moodle no ensino a distância. A amostra da pesquisa corresponde a 1.370 questionários válidos, de um universo de 300.000 sujeitos que utilizam ou utilizaram o Moodle no Brasil. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais, mínimos quadrados generalizados e do método de reamostragem Jackknife para identificar o efeito entre variáveis. Como o UTAUT exige muitos parâmetros, concluiu-se que o modelo pode estar saturado. A pouca variabilidade nas respostas sugere que mais investigações sejam realizadas.
Dynamic filopodia are required for chemokine-dependent intracellular polarization during guided cell migration in vivo
Authors: Meyen Dana , Tarbashevich Katsiaryna , Banisch Torsten U , Wittwer Carolina , Reichman-Fried Michal , Maugis Benoît , Grimaldi Cecilia , Messerschmidt Esther-Maria , Raz Erez
Published: April 2015

Cell migration and polarization is controlled by signals in the environment. Migrating cells typically form filopodia that extend from the cell surface, but the precise function of these structures in cell polarization and guided migration is poorly understood. Using the in vivo model of zebrafish primordial germ cells for studying chemokine-directed single cell migration, we show that filopodia distribution and their dynamics are dictated by the gradient of the chemokine Cxcl12a. By specifically interfering with filopodia formation, we demonstrate for the first time that these protrusions play an important role in cell polarization by Cxcl12a, as manifested by elevation of intracellular pH and Rac1 activity at the cell front. The establishment of this polarity is at the basis of effective cell migration towards the target. Together, we show that filopodia allow the interpretation of the chemotactic gradient in vivo by directing single-cell polarization in response to the guidance cue.
Synchronous Colorectal Malignancy and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treated With Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Followed by Laparoscopic Colectomy
Authors: Kawai Kazushige , Sunami Eiji , Tanaka Junichiro , Tanaka Toshiaki , Kiyomatsu Tomomichi , Nozawa Hiroaki , Kazama Shinsuke , Kanazawa Takamitsu , Hosaka Akihiro , Ishihara Soichiro , Yamaguchi Hironori , Shigematsu Kunihiro , Watanabe Toshiaki
Published: April 2015

Although the incidence of synchronous abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and malignancies is increasing, there has been no clear consensus in the surgical treatment of such patients. The focus on surgical treatments with minimal invasiveness, such as endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for AAA and laparoscopic colectomy for colorectal cancer, has increased; however, the clinical applicability of combination treatment with EVAR and laparoscopic colectomy has not been established. A 61-year-old man was diagnosed with AAA, advanced sigmoid colon cancer, and coronary artery stenosis. Because the patient also had chronic renal failure with nephrotic syndrome, among several other comorbidities, surgery was considered to be associated with high risks in this patent. Sequential treatments with percutaneous coronary intervention, EVAR, and laparoscopic colectomy were successfully performed. Staged treatment of EVAR followed by laparoscopic colectomy may be a promising strategy for high-risk patients with AAA associated with malignancy.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma With Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma Components Not Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus: Report of a Case
Authors: Aosasa Suefumi , Maejima Tadashi , Kimura Akifumi , Nishiyama Kiyoshi , Edo Hiromi , Shinmoto Hiroshi , Kaji Tatsumi , Ogata Sho , Hatsuse Kazuo , Hase Kazuo , Yamamoto Junji
Published: April 2015

A carcinoma displaying undifferentiated features with dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is defined as lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC). Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) with LELC components is rare, and most LELCs are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We report here on a case of ICC with LELC components not associated with EBV. A 65-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a hepatic tumor in the caudate lobe. An extended right hepatectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. Histologically, the tumor was mainly composed of large undifferentiated epithelial cells with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, indistinct cell borders, and heavy small lymphocytic infiltration, which are the characteristic features of LELC. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin 19 but were negative for glypican 3. In situ hybridization using EBV-encoded RNA was negative. Therefore, a diagnosis of ICC with LELC components not associated with EBV was made. Because there is limited information available regarding the prognosis and treatment of ICC with LELC components because of the limited number of reported cases, additional studies will be needed to clarify the clinicopathologic features of this disease.