bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing a Hierarchical Agribusiness Framework in Chinese Belt and Road Initiatives under Uncertainty
Authors: Cui Li , Zhang Min , Wu Kuo-Jui , Tseng Ming-Lang
Published: January 2018

As a result of China launching its belt and road initiatives, an increasing number of firms are searching for an approach to developing sustainability. In particular, agribusinesses are encountering difficulties exploring decisive practices for sustainable food in a context involving diverse stakeholders. To clarify these differences in expectations between agribusinesses and their stakeholders, this study employs vague sets associated with interpretive structural modelling to develop a framework for agribusinesses and their customers. A comparison of these two frameworks reveals that the government still plays a key role in motivating sustainable food development in terms of establishing the relevant regulations and processes. Moreover, the customer is the final stakeholder that must be taken into account by agribusiness. Both agribusinesses and customers are concerned about health and safety considerations in sustainable food. Further details related to this context are addressed in the present study.
Total-Factor Energy Efficiency in BRI Countries: An Estimation Based on Three-Stage DEA Model
Authors: Zhao Changhong , Zhang Haonan , Zeng Yurong , Li Fengyun , Liu Yuanxin , Qin Chengju , Yuan Jiahai
Published: January 2018

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is showing its great influence and leadership on the international energy cooperation. Based on the three-stage DEA model, total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) in 35 BRI countries in 2015 was measured in this article. It shows that the three-stage DEA model could eliminate errors of environment variable and random, which made the result better than traditional DEA model. When environment variable errors and random errors were eliminated, the mean value of TFEE was declined. It demonstrated that TFEE of the whole sample group was overestimated because of external environment impacts and random errors. The TFEE indicators of high-income countries like South Korea, Singapore, Israel and Turkey are 1, which is in the efficiency frontier. The TFEE indicators of Russia, Saudi Arabia, Poland and China are over 0.8. And the indicators of Uzbekistan, Ukraine, South Africa and Bulgaria are in a low level. The potential of energy-saving and emissions reduction is great in countries with low TFEE indicators. Because of the gap in energy efficiency, it is necessary to distinguish different countries in the energy technology options, development planning and regulation in BRI countries.
Molecular Identification of Eimeria Species in Broiler Chickens in Trinidad, West Indies
Authors: Brown Jordan Arianne , Blake Damer , Beard Jamila , Beharry Asha , Serrette Louanne , Soleyn Atlyn , Sookhoo Jamie , Blake Lemar , Brown Gabriel , Oura Christopher
Published: January 2018

Coccidiosis is an intestinal disease of chickens of major economic importance to broiler industries worldwide. Species of coccidia found in chickens include Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria praecox, and Eimeria tenella. In recent years, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed to provide accurate and rapid identification of the seven known Eimeria species of chickens. The aim of this study was to use species-specific real-time PCR (qPCR) to identify which of the seven Eimeria species are present in Trinidad poultry. Seventeen pooled fecal samples were collected from 6 broiler farms (2–5 pens per farm) across Trinidad. Feces were also collected from birds showing clinical signs of coccidiosis in two live bird markets (pluck shops). qPCR revealed the presence of five species of Eimeria (E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. mitis, E. necatrix, and E. tenella), but not E. brunetti or E. praecox. Mixed infections were detected on all broiler farms, and DNA of two highly pathogenic Eimeria species (E. tenella and E. necatrix) was detected in feces taken from clinically sick birds sampled from the two pluck shops.
Les karsts dans le Jurassique ardéchois
Authors: Marchand Thierry
Published: January 2018

La partie méridionale du département de l'Ardèche comprend de nombreuses zones karstiques aux cavités célèbres : réseau Sauvas-Cocalière, grotte de St. Marcel, aven d'Orgnac... Les études spéléolo-giques ont surtout porté sur la par¬ tie crétacée traversée par les gorges de l'Ardèche. Moins connus, les karsts des calcaires jurassiques méritent une étude approfondie en raison de leur intérêt hydrogéologique et géomorphologique. Les formes de surface témoignent de l'intensité de la karstification, mais c'est en profondeur que les phénomènes sont les plus originaux. Quatre éléments fondamentaux caractérisent les lieux : très forte amplitude des débits en rapport avec la structure, importance des remplissages (parfois allogènes), fréquence des phénomènes de néotectonique et probabilité d'une karstification néogène, au moins sur le Coiron. Dans la plupart des cas, leur investigation nécessite l'usage de la plongée souterraine.
Experimental reconstruction of Late Neolithic local quartz exploitation patterns in the Arabian Gulf. New discoveries from Bahra 1, Kuwait, an Ubaid-related site
Authors: Białowarczuk Marcin
Published: January 2018

Le site de Bahra 1 (Koweït) constitue un exemple intéressant d’occupation de l’époque Obeïd, spécialisé dans la production d’ornements en coquillage. Presque toute l’industrie lithique découverte est étroitement liée à cette spécialisation. L’absence d’affleurement de silex autour du site a impliqué l’utilisation de diverses autres matières premières. Le quartz représente plus de 25 % de l’ensemble du matériel lithique et jouait un rôle important, mais sa spécificité fait de lui un matériau extrêmement difficile à analyser. Ainsi, le débitage expérimental est la meilleure méthode d’analyse pour comprendre le mécanisme de la fracturation de ce matériau et pour établir une grille d’analyse des objets en quartz. L’article présente une typologie des artefacts en quartz de Bahra 1 et une reconstitution de la méthode de taille fondée sur l’archéologie expérimentale. Une première interprétation du rôle du quartz dans l’industrie lithique du site est également proposée.
Transition-metal-free [3 + 3] annulation of indol-2-ylmethyl carbanions to nitroarenes. A novel synthesis of indolo[3,2-b]quinolines (quindolines)
Authors: Nowacki Michał , Wojciechowski Krzysztof
Published: January 2018

Indol-2-ylmethyl carbanions stabilized by alkoxycarbonyl, cyano or benzenesulfonyl groups react with nitroarenes to form σH-adducts, which in the presence of base (triethylamine or DBU) and trimethylchlorosilane transform into indolo[3,2-b]quinoline derivatives in moderate to good yields.
The Early Detection and Follow-up of the Highly Obscured Type II Supernova 2016ija/DLT16am∗
Authors: Tartaglia L. , Sand D. J. , Valenti S. , Wyatt S. , Anderson J. P. , Arcavi I. , Ashall C. , Botticella M. T. , Cartier R. , Chen T.-W. , Cikota A. , Coulter D. , Valle M. Della , Foley R. J. , Gal-Yam A. , Galbany L. , Gall C. , Haislip J. B. , Harmanen J. , Hosseinzadeh G. , Howell D. A. , Hsiao E. Y. , Inserra C. , Jha S. W. , Kankare E. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Kouprianov V. V. , Kuncarayakti H. , Maccarone T. J. , Maguire K. , Mattila S. , Mazzali P. A. , McCully C. , Melandri A. , Morrell N. , Phillips M. M. , Pignata G. , Piro A. L. , Prentice S. , Reichart D. E. , Rojas-Bravo C. , Smartt S. J. , Smith K. W. , Sollerman J. , Stritzinger M. D. , Sullivan M. , Taddia F. , Young D. R.
Published: January 2018

We present our analysis of the Type II supernova DLT16am (SN 2016ija). The object was discovered during the ongoing

(DLT40) one-day cadence supernova search at

in the “edge-on” nearby (

) galaxy NGC 1532. The subsequent prompt and high-cadenced spectroscopic and photometric follow-up revealed a highly extinguished transient, with

, consistent with a standard extinction law with R

V
= 3.1 and a bright (

) absolute peak magnitude. A comparison of the photometric features with those of large samples of SNe II reveals a fast rise for the derived luminosity and a relatively short plateau phase, with a slope of

, consistent with the photometric properties typical of those of fast-declining SNe II. Despite the large uncertainties on the distance and the extinction in the direction of DLT16am, the measured photospheric expansion velocity and the derived absolute V-band magnitude at

after the explosion match the existing luminosity–velocity relation for SNe II.
Aplicação de diferentes revestimentos comestíveis na conservação pós-colheita de goiabas (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Costa Larissa Cristina , Dos Santos Larissa Da Rocha , De França Roberto , Davini Gilcilene , Shirai Marianne Ayumi
Published: January 2018

A goiaba é uma fruta nativa da América tropical, encontrada em todas as regiões do Brasil. Depois da colheita as frutas, principalmente as tropicais, possuem vida útil reduzida. O uso de tecnologias de conservação pós-colheita é imprescin­dível para aumentar o período de comercialização. Um dos métodos que tem sido utilizado e difundido é a aplicação de revestimentos comestíveis sobre a superfície dos frutos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar o efeito da aplicação de revestimentos comestíveis a base de amido, gelatina e emulsão lipídica sobre as características físico-químicas de goiabas armazenadas a temperatura ambiente. Após 7 dias de armazenamento as goiabas revestidas com emulsão lipídica seguida por amido foram as que tiveram menor perda de massa, menor variação de cor, pH, sólidos solúveis totais e textura em comparação com a amostra controle, mostrando-se como efetivos na extensão da vida útil da goiaba in natura.  O revestimento a base de gelatina não apresentou o mesmo efeito sobre a goiaba. Desta forma conclui-se que os revestimentos comestíveis a base de amido e lipídeo são alternativas interessantes na conservação e aumento da vida útil das goiabas in natura e podem auxiliar na agregação de valor dos mesmos.
Augmented Reality: Daily Prayers for Preschooler Student
Authors: Pradibta Hendra
Published: January 2018

Education is one of the aspects that many synthesized with technology. Yet, this is contrary to the fact that where most of the learning materials are still based on text. This research aims to develop an alternative learning media by implementing Augmented Reality Technology for Preschooler students. Augmented Reality (AR) is an application that can combine the virtual object as text, pictures and animation into the real world. Development of Augmented Reality application uses Web Aurasma Based Studio, with learning materials of daily prayer for preschool student. The development of the characters and the animations were using Adobe Illustrator and Adobe After Effects. The results of the study showed that technology Augmented Reality can be used as an alternative learning media especially in the learning process in Preschool Al Furqon. This is because the content Augmented Reality in the form of animation can gives more understanding and attention for preschool student to follow the learning process
Development of a Species Status Assessment Process for Decisions under the U.S. Endangered Species Act
Authors: Smith David R. , Allan Nathan L. , McGowan Conor P. , Szymanski Jennifer A. , Oetker Susan R. , Bell Heather M.
Published: January 2018

Decisions under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) require scientific input on the risk that the species will become extinct. A series of critiques on the role of science in ESA decisions have called for improved consistency and transparency in species risk assessments and clear distinctions between science input and policy application. To address the critiques and document the emerging practice of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), we outline an assessment process based on principles and practices of risk and decision analyses that results in a scientific report on species status. The species status assessment (SSA) process has three successive stages: 1) document the life history and ecological relationships of the species in question to provide the foundation for the assessment, 2) describe and hypothesize causes for the current condition of the species, and 3) forecast the species' future condition. The future condition refers to the ability of a species to sustain populations in the wild under plausible future scenarios. The scenarios help explore the species' response to future environmental stressors and to assess the potential for conservation to intervene to improve its status. The SSA process incorporates modeling and scenario planning for prediction of extinction risk and applies the conservation biology principles of representation, resiliency, and redundancy to evaluate the current and future condition. The SSA results in a scientific report distinct from policy application, which contributes to streamlined, transparent, and consistent decision-making and allows for greater technical participation by experts outside of the USFWS, for example, by state natural resource agencies. We present two case studies based on assessments of the eastern massasauga rattlesnake Sistrurus catenatus and the Sonoran Desert tortoise Gopherus morafkai to illustrate the process. The SSA builds upon the past threat-focused assessment by including systematic and explicit analyses of a species' future response to stressors and conservation, and as a result, we believe it provides an improved scientific analysis for ESA decisions.
Cumulative Spring Discharge and Survey Effort Influence Occupancy and Detection of a Threatened Freshwater Mussel, the Suwannee Moccasinshell
Authors: Holcomb Jordan M. , Shea Colin P. , Johnson Nathan A.
Published: January 2018

Freshwater mussels (Unionidae) are among the most imperiled groups of organisms in the world, and the lack of information regarding species distributions, life-history characteristics, and ecological and biological requirements may limit the protection of remaining mussel populations. We examined the influence of hydrologic factors on the occurrence of the Suwannee Moccasinshell Medionidus walkeri, a federally threatened freshwater mussel species, endemic to the Suwannee River Basin in Georgia and Florida. We also evaluated the influence of survey effort on detection of Suwannee Moccasinshell during field surveys. We compiled all recent (2013–2016) mussel survey records in the Suwannee River Basin. We calculated cumulative discharge contributed by upstream springs for each of 220 survey locations. We combined the spring discharge predictor variable with Suwannee Moccasinshell detection and nondetection data from each survey location to develop a suite of occupancy models. Modeling results indicated that detection of Suwannee Moccasinshell during surveys was strongly and positively related to survey effort. Modeling results also indicated that sites with cumulative spring discharge inputs exceeding ∼28 cubic meters per second were most likely (i.e., predicted occupancy probabilities >0.5) to support Suwannee Moccasinshell populations. However, occupancy declined in the lowermost reaches of the Suwannee mainstem despite high spring discharge inputs, presumably due to greater tidal influences and differences in physicochemical habitat conditions. Historical localities where Suwannee Moccasinshell has presumably been extirpated are all devoid of springs in their upstream watersheds. We hypothesize that springs may buffer extremely tannic, and at times polluted, surface waters, in addition to maintaining adequate flows during periods of drought, thereby promoting the persistence of Suwannee Moccasinshell populations. Our study suggests that springs are a critical resource for Suwannee Moccasinshell and may be more important for conservation planning than was previously recognized.
Artificial Intelligence for the Identification of Endometrial Malignancies
Authors: Pouliakis Abraham , Margari Niki , Karakitsou Effrosyni , Alamanou Evangelia , Koureas Nikolaos , Chrelias George , Sioulas Vasileios , Pappas Asimakis , Chrelias Charalambos , Terzakis Emmanouil G , Damaskou Vasileia , Panayiotides Ioannis G , Karakitsos Petros
Published: January 2018

Aim of this article is to investigate the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the discrimination between benign and malignant endometrial nuclei and lesions. For this purpose, 416 histologically confirmed liquid-based cytological smears were collected and morphometric characteristics of cell nuclei were measured via image analysis. Then, 50% of the cases were used to train an AI system, specifically a learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network. As a result, cell nuclei were classified as benign or malignant. Data from the remaining 50% of the cases were used to evaluate the AI system performance. By nucleic classification, an algorithm for the classification of individual patients was constructed, and performance indices on patient classification were calculated. The sensitivity for the classification of nuclei was 77.95%, and the specificity was 73.93%. For the classification of individual patients, the sensitivity was 90.70% and the specificity 82.79%. These results indicate that an AI system can have an important role in endometrial lesions classification.
Determination of the Optimum Material for an Endodontic Prefabricated Post Using a Sub-Problem Approximation Method
Authors: Helal Wasim M.K. , Jiang Feng Chun , Shi Dong Yan , Fouad Diaa El Din , Osman Mohamed
Published: January 2018

The success in the chewing process depends on the performance of the tooth used. Actually, taking care of the tooth and improving its performance can change our life. Therefore, the treatment process of the teeth has become more necessary in the life of a dental patient. Nowadays, a post plays an important vital role in this process. In the present work, analysis of the effect of the post material on the performances of the components of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) was carried out through the finite element analysis (FEA). The effects of post material on the von Mises stress component (Svon), shear stress, and displacement component (Usum) occurred on the all components of ETT were investigated. After that, the determination of the optimum material for an endodontic prefabricated post (EPP) was investigated through the sub-problem approximation method.
A Survey of Advanced Marine Communication and Navigation Technologies: Developments and Strategies
Authors: Sarkodie Pokuaa Andriana , Zhang Zhen Kai , Benuwa Ben Bright , Ghansah Benjamin , Ansah Ernest
Published: January 2018

Marine communication and navigation technologies go hand-in-hand in order to provide a safe and secure marine travel on those who are on board a vessel or a ship. These tools are used together to establish rapport between sea ports and nearby vessels, as well as determining a sea or ocean’s characteristics and weather patterns. Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) for maritime salvage is designed to mitigate the menaces associated with marine navigation. The technique involves intelligent navigation and communication, intelligent collision avoidance and intelligent rheostat systems. This paper seeks to explore the technological advancements in marine communication and navigation used in the maritime environment, with veneration to both hardware and software. This review would invariable serve as a source of information pool for further studies. We also present some current technological challenges the marine industry is antagonized with.
Risk and Performance within Supply Chains - Case of Moroccan Industries
Authors: El Hiri Mariam , En-Nadi Abdelali , Chafi Anas
Published: January 2018

The big challenge for each company is the implementation of an appropriate risk management strategy. Through this work, we seek to draw up an inventory of Moroccan companies supply chain. The objective is to identify the main risks, their relationship with the performance of the supply chain and to establish an overview of the risk management systems. For this reason, a research model was developed and concretized by quantitative data collected from 29 Moroccan companies. The analysis of the data show that the performance of the supply chain is strongly influenced by the importance of supply chain risk in particular the supplier and demand risks, and leads to insist on the importance of integrating a device adapted to the management of these Risks, especially in the upstream part of the supply chain.
Use of Algerian Natural Mineral Deposit as Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Authors: Arroudj Karima , Dorbani Saida , Oudjit Mohamed Nadjib , Tagnit-Hamou Arezki
Published: January 2018

Much of the current research on concrete engineering has been focused on including siliceous additions as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Silica reacts with Calcium hydroxide release during cement hydration, and produces more C-S-H. The latter contributes to increase compactness, mechanical strengths and sustainability of concrete. This paper explores the hydration characteristics of cement paste based on various natural mineral additions, that are very abundant in Algeria and present a high silica content (ground natural pozzolana “PZ” and ground dune sand “DS”). For this purpose, several analyses were carried out on modified cement pastes and mortars. These SCMs were introduced by replacement levels of 15, 20 and 25 by weight of cement. We first, studied the effect of these SCMs on the heat of hydration and mechanical strength of mortars at different ages. The evolution of hydration of modified paste was studied, by using Thermal analysis (TG/TDA) at different ages, to analyze the Calcium Hydroxide (CH) content of the modified pastes. It is shown that the CH content of the mixes including SCMs is lower than that of the plain cement paste, indicating that silica reacts with the cement paste through a pozzolanic reaction. Increased pozzolanic activity results in higher amounts of Calcium Silicate Hydrate in the paste, which in turn results in higher compressive strength for modified cement mortars. Due to its crystalline morphology, the ground DS particles present a partial pozzolanic effect, compared to PZ which is semi-crystalline. Modified mortars by 20% DS can be the optimal composition. It presents satisfactory results: good mechanical strength and low heat of hydration. It can lead to an economic and sustainable concrete. Ground DS is very abounded in Africa and free of any impurities and can be a good alternative SCMs in cement industry.
Efficiency of Redispersible Polymer Powders in Mortars for Anchoring Application Based on Alkali Activated Portland Cements
Authors: Rudenko Igor , Konstantynovskyi Oleksandr P. , Kovalchuk Artem V. , Nikolainko Marharyta V. , Obremsky Dmytro V.
Published: January 2018

Properties of dry mixes for anchoring application (increasing of mortars strength, adhesion, volume stability etc.) based on alkali activated Portland cement (AAPC) are influenced by different factors. One of them is application of chemical admixtures with different functionality. Adhesive properties are mainly achieved by redispersible polymer powders (RPP). The main problem in choice of RPP’s type is destruction of their molecules with ester links due to alkaline hydrolysis.The purpose of work was investigation of RPP’s molecular structure influence on properties of mortar for anchoring application based on AAPC and determination of the most effective.Efficiency of RPP based on copolymer of versatile acid ester was shown. The application of this RPP provides adhesion of 1.1 MPa and consistency of 190 mm. Positive effect of copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate was shown despite of partial destruction of RPP’s molecule as a result of alkaline hydrolysis of vinyl acetate at early terms of hardening. Negative effect of RPP is in decreasing of mortar strength. Thus this problem solving is decreasing of powder content to values which provide necessary physical-mechanical properties (strength, adhesion).
Utilization of Industrial Waste Water Treatment Residues in Alkali Activated Cement and Concretes
Authors: Kryvenko Pavlo V. , Kovalchuk Oleksandr Yuriyovich , Pasko Anton
Published: January 2018

The paper discloses an effective way of utilization of industrial waste water treatment residues. The wide use of industrial waste water in building materials is difficult due to the presence of heavy metal. However, alkali activated cements showed high ability of immobilization of heavy metals. The compressive strength of AAC systems with water treatment residues (galvanic process waste water) is up to 40 MPa in mortars and 45 MPa in concretes. The leaching behaviour of heavy metals from the cements matrix after soaking up to 28 days was also examined with AAS.
Evaluation of Load Parameters and Hold Time of a Vickers Ultra-Micro Hardness Tester for Measure of Hardness and Modulus of Elasticity of Dental Composites
Authors: Melo-Silva Tereza Cristina Favieri , Melo-Silva Cláudio Luis , Carvalho Cristiane Fonseca , Teixeira A.B. , Carvalho E.C. , Carvalho A.S. , Araujo F.A. , Nunes A.M. , Lins Jefferson Fabrício Cardoso , Gouvêa J.P.
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to standardize the parameters for testing the hardness and elastic modulus for dental composites. It used the equipment Dynamic Ultra Micro Hardness Tester DUH-211 / DUH-211S (Shimadzu) varying the load and the hold time. two composites were used with various inorganic particles that were embedded and sanded for the assay. one Vickers indenter was used being held nine rows with ten penetrations. For each composite loads were used (20, 50 and 100gf) and times (zero, five and ten seconds). The results showed that the effect of the load and the hold time had influence on the modulus and hardness values of the studied composites. The authors concluded that loads and hold larger team showed greater stability of hardness values and modulus of elasticity for the studied composites and these values for both hybrid composites as for nanoparticulate were dependent on load and time.
Теоремы типа Мореры в гиперболическом диске
Authors: Volchkov Valerii Vladimirovich , Volchkov Vitalii Vladimirovich
Published: January 2018

Пусть $G$ - группа конформных автоморфизмов единичного круга $\mathbb{D}=z\in \mathbb{C}\colon |z|<1\}$. Исследуется проблема голоморфности функций $f$ на $\mathbb{D}$, удовлетворяющих уравнению
$$
\int_{\gamma_{\varrho}} f(g (z)) dz=0 \quad \forall g\in G,
$$
где $\gamma_{\varrho}=z\in\mathbb{C}\colon |z|=\varrho\}$ и $\rho\in (0,1)$ фиксировано. Найдены точные условия для голоморфности в терминах граничного поведения рассматриваемых функций. Побочным результатом работы является новое доказательство известной теоремы Беренстейна-Паскуаса о двух радиусах.
Библиография: 24 наименования.
О некоторых задачах теории приближения функций на бесконечномерном торе: пространства Липшица
Authors: Platonov Sergei Sergeevich
Published: January 2018

В работе рассматриваются некоторые вопросы теории приближения функций на бесконечномерном торе тригонометрическими полиномами. Основными результатами работы являются аналоги прямых и обратных теорем классической теории приближения периодических функций и описание пространств Липшица на бесконечномерном торе в терминах наилучших приближений.
Библиография: 20 наименований.
Разрешимость нестационарных уравнений многокомпонентных вязких сжимаемых жидкостей
Authors: Mamontov Alexander Evgenievich , Prokudin Dmitriy Alekseevich
Published: January 2018

Рассматривается начально-краевая задача, описывающая нестационарное баротропное движение многокомпонентной смеси вязких сжимаемых жидкостей в ограниченной трехмерной области. Оператор материальной производной предполагается общим для всех компонент и определяемым средней скоростью движения смеси, однако в остальных членах сохранены отдельные скорости компонент. Давление считается общим и зависящим от суммарной плотности. За исключением перечисленного, не делается никаких упрощающих предположений (в том числе о структуре матрицы вязкостей), т. е. сохранены все слагаемые в уравнениях, являющихся естественным обобщением модели Навье-Стокса движения однокомпонентной среды. Доказано существование слабых обобщенных решений начально-краевой задачи.
Библиография: 22 наименования.
Analyse multiscalaire de la variabilité spatiale et temporelle des températures à l’échelle des appellations viticoles de saint-émilion, pomerol et leurs satellites
Authors: Le Roux Renan , De Rességuier Laure , Katurji Marwan , Zawar-Reza Peyman , Sturman Andrew , Van Leeuwen Cornelis , Quénol Hervé
Published: January 2018

Aux échelles locales, la forte variabilité spatiale du climat engendrée par la nature et les aspérités de la surface peut avoir un impact sur les caractéristiques et la qualité des vins. D’ailleurs, les spécificités locales du climat sont un des facteurs importants qui déterminent les caractéristiques d’un terroir. Dans le Libournais, plus précisément dans les appellations de Saint-Émilion, Pomerol et leurs satellites, une étude de climatologie locale a eu pour objectif d’analyser la variabilité spatiale du climat (notamment des indices bioclimatiques thermiques) et les caractéristiques des vins. L’analyse et la modélisation spatiale des températures journalières, saisonnières et des indices bioclimatiques met en évidence l’impact des paramètres locaux (ex : topographie, distance à une rivière…) sur la répartition des températures à l’échelle du site d’étude. Une analyse des différentes distributions spatiales des températures en relation avec des situations atmosphériques synoptiques (via la méthode des ‘Self-Organize Maps’) a permis d’affiner les résultats sur la répartition des températures sur ces appellations.
Reduced High-order Aberrations using Wavefront-guided Partial Photorefractive Keratectomy and Accelerated Epithelium-off Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus
Authors: Rocha Guillermo , Penner Victor , Lewis Kylee
Published: January 2018

Purpose

To demonstrate clinical outcomes of epithelium-off corneal cross-linking (CXL) in combination with wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the treatment of keratoconuns.

Materials and methods

Total, 28 keratoconic eyes of 21 patients were included. The Sirius Wavefront Analyzer (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions GmbH and Co. KG) was used to evaluate the high-order aberrations (HOAs). The coupled Amaris 750S excimer laser then performed a PRK of no more than 40 μm using the measured HOA. The CXL was then carried out respecting the standard of 400 μm of corneal thickness.

Results

The average age was 32 (15—48) years. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) improved from 0.58 to 0.31 logMAR (p < 0.001), with best corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) improving from 0.03 to 0.02 logMAR (p = 0.7).

On manifest refraction, the average spherical component decreased from –1.87 to –1.40 D (0.47 ± 2.12, p = 0.4). Cylinder decreased from 2.18 to 0.87 D (1.31 ± 1.14 D, p < 0.001).

All HOAs decreased: total HO 0.94 to 0.58 (0.36 ± 0.42, p = 0.05); spherical aberration: 0.142 to –0.018 (0.160 ± 0.160, p < 0.001); secondary astigmatism: 0.21 to 0.11 (0.10 ± 0.11, p = 0.02); coma: 0.80 to 0.42 (0.38 ± 0.47, p = 0.03); trefoil: 0.33 to 0.29 (0.04 ± 0.17, p = 0.7).

Conclusion

Utilizing HOA to guide the laser treatment in combination with CXL resulted in a significant decrease of HOA at 6 months postprocedure. This is a small case series, but demonstrates a promising trend of improved HOA. Considering that keratoconic eyes have very irregular surfaces with significant HOA, reducing these aberrations should improve best corrected quality of vision. Having longer follow-up and greater numbers may demonstrate a clearer improvement.

How to cite this article

Penner V, Lewis K, Rocha G. Reduced High-order Aberrations using Wavefront-guided Partial Photorefractive Keratectomy and Accelerated Epithelium-off Corneal Cross-linking for Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2017;6(2):73-77.
Signs of the South
Authors: Cooper Christopher A. , Knotts H. Gibbs
Published: January 2018

This chapter presents the results of an analysis of business names, or topynms, throughout the South, supplemented with interviews with business owners. This analysis suggests that the Old South (represented by businesses named Dixie and labeled de-Confederatization) is declining and is restricted to a relatively small geographic portion of the Deep South. Indicators of the “New South” (represented by businesses with “southern” in the name and termed re-southernization), however, are on the rise. Taken together, this evidence demonstrates that a general concept of southern identity remains resilient and also that the nature of southern identity is changing—and will likely continue to change.
Southern Identity by the Numbers
Authors: Cooper Christopher A. , Knotts H. Gibbs
Published: January 2018

This chapter reviews the results of an original survey of southerners about the South and southern identity. Much of chapter 3 is focused on the answers to a single question that has been asked time and time again throughout the years: “Do you consider yourself a southerner, or not?” By examining these answers from a number of different angles, this chapter shows that geographic southerners have responded in the affirmative with surprising consistency. Answers to this question are also combined with demographic characteristics of survey respondents to provide a profile of people who are more or less likely to consider themselves southerners over time. One key finding of this investigation is that blacks and whites today are equally likely to identify as southerners. Though race does not predict southern identity, we discover that blacks hold different opinions than whites on issues related to important regional symbols. When considered as a whole, the answers to these survey questions suggest that people are constructing their own conceptions of what it means to be a southerner.
Conclusion
Authors: Cooper Christopher A. , Knotts H. Gibbs
Published: January 2018

The concluding chapter ties together key findings from previous chapters, highlights the book’s theoretical contributions, building on the social identity literature reviewed in chapter 1. The concluding chapter reinforces the idea that southern identity remains, but that the shape of twenty-first century southern identity is different from twentieth-century identity. The concluding chapter closes with a discussion of the future of southern identity and a prediction that regionalism and regional distinctiveness will only become more pronounced in an increasingly interconnected world.
The Radicalism of the First Seminole War and Its Consequences
Authors: Millett Nathaniel
Published: January 2018

“Re-thinking the First Seminole War” provides a major reconsideration of the First Seminole War from a number of vantage points. The essay argues that the conflict’s origins and course were shaped greatly by the actions of radical anti-slavery British officers (namely Edward Nicolls of the Royal Marines), freedom-seeking blacks, and their Indian allies. More specifically, the case is made that the key anti-American combatants in the conflict were hundreds of former slaves who had been recruited and radicalized by the British during the War of 1812 before being granted the status of full British subjects. Combining pre-existing notions of freedom and understanding of geopolitics, the former slaves embraced their British status while living at the so-called “Negro Fort” and then across the Florida peninsula after 1816. In turn, the racialized fears that were triggered within white Americans and their Creek allies by the First Seminole War were the final event that convinced the United States that it had to acquire Spanish Florida to protect the expanding slave frontier. In the process of making these arguments, the essay carefully considers: the anti-slavery thought of Edward Nicolls and its reception by the former slaves, questions of identity, race, and inclusion, the shadow of the Haitian Revolution, and the nature of American territorial expansion.
Naval Biography, the War of 1812, and the Contestation of American National Identity
Authors: Lanzendörfer Tim
Published: January 2018

This essay argues that a close look at the relationship between periodical production and nationalist rhetoric in the biographies of naval officers printed in the Analectic Magazine between 1813 and 1816 suggests the contingent nature of national identity in the context of the War of 1812. American periodicals took great interest in the events of the War of 1812, providing something akin to war reportage to their subscribers. During the War of 1812, several periodicals turned to the production of biographies of naval and military commanders that had excelled on the battle field. Biography, however, provided more than merely a glimpse of notable lives: instead, periodicals negotiated and contested ideas about American nationhood through the medium of biography, a discovery which necessitates a re-appraisal of the role of biography in the Early Republic as well as of simplifying notions about American nationalism. Reading Washington Irving’s 1813 biography of Oliver Hazard Perry, winner of the Battle of Lake Erie, against James Kirke Paulding’s 1816 life of Thomas Macdonough reveals how different genealogical models of American ascendancy shaped the narratives told about naval officers; and in turn, how naval officers could become models for particular versions of American national identity. Nevertheless, both of these models remained contingently tied into a pre-existing nationalist discourse triggered by the war, rather than actively shaping this national discourse: in this, they also reveal something about the often-overemphasized power of periodicals to shape national consciousness.
The Only Man in the Army That Was Whipped
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

Deals with the inability of Ben McCulloch, commander of the Confederate army in Arkansas, and Sterling Price, commander of the Missouri State Guard, to agree on a strategy for operations in the region, Missouri’s formal secession, the appointment of Earl Van Dorn as commander of all Confederate forces in the trans-Mississippi, and the decisive Federal victory at Pea Ridge in 1862.
All New England Men and of the Best Material
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

Union Maj. Gen. Benjamin Franklin Butler’s move out of New Orleans into the bayou country of south Louisiana to gain control of important cotton and sugar production, and the Confederacy’s ill-prepared response.
Our Troops Should Occupy and Hold at Least a Portion of Texas
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks, having failed to achieve a foothold in Texas with an amphibious invasion, attempted an overland campaign across south Louisiana in the summer and fall of 1863. He was defeated by the inferior numbers of Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor and force to retreat, well short of the Texas border.
The Land of Coyotes, Tarantulas, Fandangos, Horn-Toads, and Jack-Rabbits
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

Following his failed overland campaign, Banks attempted once more to achieve a foothold in Texas, thus defusing the threat of French intervention on the side of Confederacy, this time with an amphibious landing near the mouth of the Rio Grande. Although his troops were able to land successfully and occupy much of the south Texas Gulf coast, the operation was of little strategic importance and the Federal units were withdrawn to support Banks’s next attempt, a second overland expedition against Texas by way of the Red River.
Let Come What Will, We’ll Fight the Yankees Alone
Authors: Cutrer Thomas W.
Published: January 2018

With the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of Tennessee, Confederate morale and discipline in the trans-Mississippi began to deteriorate. Despite a late victory at Palmetto Ranch on the Rio Grande—weeks after Lee’s surrender in Virginia—and the continued defiance of many of its officers and men, the Rebel army began to spontaneously disband, forcing Maj. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith to surrender to Federal forces at Galveston, thereby effectively ending the Civil War.
Nepantla
Authors: Elizondo Griest Stephanie
Published: January 2018

After a decade of nomadism, the author returns home to her native South Texas and discovers her homeland has turned into a death valley in her absence, poisoned by petrochemical industries, ravaged by the drug war, and soon to be barricaded by a steel wall. The concept of “nepantla” is introduced as the way Aztecs described their struggle to reconcile their indigenous ways with the one Spanish colonizers forced upon them in the sixteenth century. More recently, Tejana writer Gloria Anzaldua described nepantla as a metaphor for a “birthing stage where you feel like you’re reconfiguring your identity and don’t know where you are.”
The Mother Tongue
Authors: Elizondo Griest Stephanie
Published: January 2018

What does it mean to be Mohawk today—especially given that so many traditions (hunting, fishing, fur trapping, basketry) have been compromised by outside influences (polluting industries, the drug trade, human trafficking, the Internet)? Of Akwesasne’s 12,000 residents, only a thousand still speak their native language fluently. Most of them are elderly. This chapter investigates Mohawk efforts to revitalize their native language, including an immersive K-8 school called the Akwesasne Freedom School. The author also reflects upon the loss of her own mother tongue back in the South Texas public education system, where Tejano children were punished for their Mexican accents.
The Bridge
Authors: Elizondo Griest Stephanie
Published: January 2018

Twelve different jurisdictions wield some degree of power over the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne: four counties, one state, two provinces, two countries, and three different tribal governments. When calamity strikes, any of the following law enforcement agencies can be summoned: the Akwesasne Mohawk Police, the St. Regis Mohawk Tribal Police, the New York State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the U.S. Border Patrol, the Sûreté du Québec, the Ontario Provincial Police, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and/or the Canada Border Services Agency. “No wonder we are crazy,” a Mohawk elder tells the author. In this chapter, the author joins hundreds of Mohawks as they shut down their version of a border wall: a series of bridges connecting their nation with Ontario and New York. Also featured is a history of Mohawks’ timeheld trade of steelwork.
A Community Far Afield
Authors: Carter Jon Horne
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines Black Mountain College, an experimental college of exiles—cultural, political, and social, who created a utopian Appalachian avant-garde art community that emerged in Asheville, North Carolina, in 1933. The author examines the history, social ecosystem and legacy if this innovative and short-lived college that played host to the likes of R. Buckminster Fuller and John Cage.
James Agee and the Southern Superreal
Authors: Freeman Lindsey A.
Published: January 2018

Southern superrealism is not yet a canonized art movement, nor is it a social science. It has no self-appointed leaders or manifestos, no museum retrospectives, no scholarly journals, and it has not been established as a field of literature—at least not yet. This essay begins to imagine such a field, starting with the writer James Agee and his wild, ethnographically tinged works of fiction and nonfiction.
We Think a Lot
Authors: Cummings Alex Sayf
Published: January 2018

The Research Triangle has been called North Carolina’s “axis of cool” and “hipster vibe factory” full of food trucks and indie bands. For decades, North Carolinians have boasted that the three-city “triangle” of Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill includes the greatest concentration of PhDs of any region in the country. This essay shows planners and boosters successfully leveraged local universities and cultural resources to attract firms such as IBM and Glaxo since the late 1950s, arguing that smart people—scientists and engineers—wanted to live around other smart people. In doing so, they not only established one of the South’s most dynamic tech hubs, but also prefigured the “creative class” strategy of development over forty years before urbanist Richard Florida coined it.
Difficulties at the Metalevel
Authors: Chaney Anthony
Published: January 2018

The narrative setting for chapter 2 is the Veterans Administration Hospital in Palo Alto, California, in the 1950s, where Bateson lead the double-bind research group investigating paradox and disorder in family relations. The chapter traces the early development of the double-bind theory of schizophrenia and its source in Russellian logical paradox. It discusses the double bind as a resonant and empirically rich example of similar constructs that distilled the modern predicament as an impossible dilemma. Other examples include Joseph Heller's catch-22, Reinhold Niebuhr's reformulation of original sin and his Serenity Prayer; Albert Camus's concept of the absurd and his novel The Stranger; and constructions in Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.'s Slaughterhouse Five. Double-bind equivalents as reactions to the atom bomb are described in works such as Joanna Greenberg's I Never Promised You a Rose Garden, Allen Ginsberg's Howl, and the film Rebel Without a Cause. Meanwhile, social critics such as Lewis Mumford used psychiatric and systems theory language and paradoxical constructions to talk about the failure of "pragmatic liberalism," the arms race, and policies of nuclear deterrence.
The Curious Twist
Authors: Chaney Anthony
Published: January 2018

This chapter is set at the 1967 Congress for the Dialectics of Liberation, held over ten days in July in London. Drawing on transcripts and film of the event, the chapter presents a radical movement roiled by budding radicalisms: identity politics, second wave feminism, and an increasing commitment to militancy–all demonstrated in Stokely Carmichael’s divisive Congress appearances, both alone and on a panel with R. D. Laing, Emmett Grogan, and Allen Ginsberg. Amid this agitation, Gregory Bateson offered his synthesis of systems theory, cybernetics, and the ecology of mind. His speech is carefully explicated and annotated with Bateson's recent readings of T. H. White, Philip Wylie's The Magic Animal, and Irish myth. Bateson aligned with radical opinion in its critique of modernization, but it took that critique beyond the enduring problems of human aggression, political oppression, and psychic alienation, and into a more fundamental analysis of the instrumentalism at the heart of the modern worldview. Challenged by audience members over systems thinking as quietist and reactionary, Bateson defended his approach by explaining the greenhouse effect and the prospect of global warming/climate change. This was perhaps the first exposure of such concepts to a lay audience.
Cuban Revolutionary Politics in Diaspora
Authors: Muller Dalia Antonia
Published: January 2018

This chapter tells the story of two key and connected institutions of the Cuban Independence movement outside of Cuba: the Cuban Revolutionary Party (PRC) and the National Association of Cuban Revolutionary Émigrés (ANERC). These institutions and their records have much to teach us about the political culture of Cubans in exile during the second half of the nineteenth century. More specifically, the chapter explores the tension between inclusion and exclusion that marked both institutions during the 1890s and the first few decades of the twentieth century, with a special emphasis on race, class and gender.
Introduction
Authors: Parsons David L.
Published: January 2018

Although more than forty years have passed since its official end, the Vietnam War continues to occupy a prominent place in the collective American psyche. The word “Vietnam” exists as a kind of shorthand, regularly invoked to stand in for a whole range of lessons, moral platitudes, and political opinions. Despite its dominant place in public discourse, though, the ...