bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tirzepatide Improves Early Dumping Syndrome and Glucose Nadir in Postbariatric Hypoglycemia After Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Stortz Ethan , Lawler Helen
Published: October 2024

Early dumping syndrome (DS) and postbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) are challenging conditions with limited treatment options. A 46-year-old woman with prediabetes, obesity, and sleeve gastrectomy presented with digestive symptoms suggestive of DS and postprandial hypoglycemia consistent with PBH. She started tirzepatide 2.5 mg weekly, which decreased postprandial blood glucose peaks, increased postprandial blood glucose nadirs, and improved overall time in range on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Her postprandial bloating and diarrhea resolved. To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of DS or PBH treated with dual-incretin agonists. While glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists have not been widely attempted in DS and have shown mixed benefit for PBH, combination GLP-1 and gastric inhibitory peptide agonism may represent a novel treatment both for PBH and DS, providing greater improvement in glycemic variation as well as better DS control than GLP-1 agonism alone.
Στρατηγικές εκμάθησης της ξένης γλώσσας
Authors: Σαραφιανού Άννα
Published: October 2024

Βασικός σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η διερεύνηση της αποτελεσματικότητας ενός προγράμματος παρέμβασης που στηρίζεται στην εφαρμογή της άμεσης και ενσωματωμένης διδασκαλίας στρατηγικών σε μαθητές της Β΄ τάξης Γενικού Λυκείου στο πλαίσιο της εκμάθησης της αγγλικής γλώσσας. Επίσης διερευνάται η επίδραση που ασκούν παράγοντες όπως το φύλο, το επίπεδο γλωσσομάθειας και τα κίνητρα μάθησης στο στρατηγικό προφίλ των συγκεκριμένων μαθητών πριν και μετά την παρέμβαση.Το τρίμηνο πρόγραμμα διάρκειας δεκαέξι ωρών πραγματοποιήθηκε σε δύο Γενικά Λύκεια της Αλεξανδρούπολης και ειδικότερα σε δείγμα εκατόν ενενήντα τριών (193) μαθητών οι οποίοι φοιτούσαν στη Β΄ τάξη. Η έρευνα ακολούθησε το σχεδιασμό του οιονεί πειραματικού σχεδίου με μία πειραματική ομάδα ενενήντα επτά (97) μαθητών και μία ομάδα ελέγχου ενενήντα έξι (96) μαθητών πριν και μετά την παρέμβαση. Το πρόγραμμα σχεδιάστηκε και εφαρμόστηκε μόνο με τους μαθητές της πειραματικής ομάδας, ενώ αντίθετα οι μαθητές της ομάδας ελέγχου διδάχθηκαν το μάθημα της ξένης γλώσσας σύμφωνα με τις οδηγίες του αναλυτικού προγράμματος σπουδών χωρίς την ενσωμάτωση της άμεσης στρατηγικής προσέγγισης. Η αξιολόγηση της χρήσης των στρατηγικών συνολικά και στα επιμέρους είδη πριν και μετά την παρέμβαση έγινε μέσω της προσαρμοσμένης στα ελληνικά έκδοσης του δομημένου ερωτηματολογίου Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) (Gavriilidou & Mitits, υπό δημοσίευση), το οποίο βασίζεται στην ταξινόμηση της Oxford (1990) και περιλαμβάνει τις εξής κατηγορίες στρατηγικών: μνημονικές, γνωστικές, αναπλήρωσης, μεταγνωστικές, συναισθηματικές και κοινωνικές. Από την επεξεργασία των δεδομένων της έρευνας με τη μέθοδο της Ανάλυσης Διακύμανσης με Επαναλαμβανόμενες Μετρήσεις (Repeated Measures Anova) προέκυψε ότι το φύλο, το επίπεδο γλωσσομάθειας και τα κίνητρα μάθησης επηρέασαν σε μεγάλο βαθμό τη συχνότητα χρήσης των στρατηγικών. Συγκεκριμένα, ο μέσος όρος χρήσης των στρατηγικών που παρατηρήθηκε στα κορίτσια ήταν σημαντικά μεγαλύτερος από τον αντίστοιχο μέσο όρο των αγοριών. Ως προς το επίπεδο γλωσσομάθειας, διαπιστώθηκε ότι ο μέσος όρος χρήσης των στρατηγικών από τους μαθητές με το υψηλότερο επίπεδο ήταν σημαντικά μεγαλύτερος σε σχέση με τον αντίστοιχο μέσο όρο χρήσης μαθητών με χαμηλό επίπεδο. Ως προς τα κίνητρα μάθησης, η έρευνα κατέληξε στο συμπέρασμα ότι ο συγκεκριμένος παράγοντας συσχετίζεται επίσης σε μεγάλο βαθμό με τη συχνότητα χρήσης των στρατηγικών. Τέλος η παρέμβαση είχε ως αποτέλεσμα την αύξηση στη συχνότητα χρήσης των στρατηγικών στο σύνολο και στα επιμέρους είδη για όλους τους μαθητές της πειραματικής ομάδας σε σχέση με τη αρχική μέτρηση, όπως επίσης και σε σχέση με τους μαθητές της ομάδας ελέγχου, στοιχείο που αποτελεί θετική ένδειξη για την αποτελεσματική εφαρμογή του προγράμματος.
Structure and Dynamics of Phytoplankton Populations in the Black Sea from 2014 to 2017
Authors: SAHIN FATIH
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the seasonal variations in phytoplankton communities along the Turkish Black Sea coast (2014-2017). Analyzing data from 20 stations revealed high biodiversity (175 species across 14 classes). Phytoplankton abundance showed distinct seasonality, with a peak in summer (2017, 96.6%) and lows in winter, characterized by dinoflagellate dominance. In terms of biomass, diatoms dominated in half of the sampling seasons, while dinoflagellates dominated in the other half at the surface during the study period. The dominance of dinoflagellates corresponded to the winters and summers of 2015 and 2016. The winter conditions of 2015 were harsh. The surface water community composition sometimes varied from that of the water column. Importantly, 44 potentially toxic species were identified, comprising 25% of the community and significantly contributing to both abundance (73.2-98.6%) and biomass (64-90.2%) throughout the year. These results highlight the unique structure of the Black Sea phytoplankton community, characterized by seasonal dominance of diatoms and a significant presence of potentially toxic species. Season, year, and water depth significantly influenced the phytoplankton assemblages. Water temperature was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and nitrogen-based nutrients.
Orthorexia Nervosa - unhealthy obsession on healthy lifestyle
Authors: Jędrasek Aleksandra , Wojtyła Klaudia , Barg Marta , Łęska Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Eating disorders have expanded rapidly in recent years, with social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok playing a significant role. These platforms often showcase idealized images of healthy eating and body image, exposing young people to an overwhelming amount of information. This overstimulation can contribute to the development of various eating disorders. In our study, we focus particularly on orthorexia nervosa.
Review methods: Our study was conducted as a literature review, with data gathered from PubMed and Embase.
The state of knowledge: Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), introduced by Steven Bratman in 1997, could be defined as an unhealthy obsession with healthy eating. This obsession leads to strict dietary restrictions, where individuals often exclude certain food types, such as preservatives and GMOs, and experience significant stress and anxiety over food choices, planning, and preparation methods. The fixation on food purity can result in social isolation, anxiety, and major disruptions to daily life. In comparison to other eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ON is characterized by its focus on food quality rather than body image or weight.
Conclusions: The classification of orthorexia as a mental disorder and the need for its recognition in DSM-5 are still debated. However, growing concern about its impact on mental and physical health has led to increased research and awareness.
Acne vulgaris in adolescents – the review
Authors: Wójcik Aleksandra , Niedobylski Sylwiusz , Wrona Joanna , Madycka Daria , Wnuczek Kinga , Starownik Jakub , Michta Kacper
Published: October 2024

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorders that affects almost 90% of the adolescents worldwide. Due to its effect on one’s appearance, it causes not only physical but also psychological consequences. The cause of acne involves increased sebum production, hyperkeratinisation of the follicle, bacterial colonization and inflammation, which result in formation of comedones, papules, pustules and nodules. Diet, Body Mass Index, hyperhidrosis and stress can be triggering factors. The pharmacological treatment of acne involves substances administered topically as well as orally. First line of treatment of mild-to-moderate acne involves topical benzoyl peroxide, retinoids, chemical peels, antibiotics and combinations of those agents. The treatment of moderate-to-severe or inflammatory acne consists of oral antibiotics, isotretinoin, oral contraceptives and spironolactone. New therapies are being investigated and show a great potential, however further research should be pursued in order to achieve long-lasting results of the treatment.
ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA BRASILEIRA NO CAMPO DA COMUNICAÇÃO SUPLEMETAR E/OU ALTERNATIVA
Authors: Manzini Mariana Gurian , Almeida Maria Almelia , Martinez Claudia Maria Simões
Published: October 2024

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar o campo de conhecimento da Comunicação Alternativa no país a partir da produção científica nacional. A pesquisa foi realizada no Banco de Tese da Capes e na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. Entre os principais resultados, destacam-se: o corpus final foi constituído por 42 dissertações e 8 teses; as distribuições temporais ocorreram entre 1996 e 2014; predomínio da fonoaudiologia na formação acadêmica dos orientadores e orientandos e pesquisas realizadas com frequência nas escolas especiais com crianças com paralisia cerebral. Esta pesquisa trouxe uma contribuição importante, ao privilegiar a produção acadêmica dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros.
ATUAÇÃO DOCENTE NO CICLO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO: EIXOS QUE POTENCIALIZAM A APRENDIZAGEM AUTORREGULADA
Authors: Rosa Glediane Saldanha Goetzke da , Frison Lourdes Maria Bragagnolo
Published: October 2024

As ações do Pibid /Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, foram realizadas a partir de três eixos norteadores: planejamento compartilhado, sala de aula e escola como ambiente alfabetizador. Com base nesta proposta, o presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar alguns aspectos referentes à forma de organização das atividades realizadas nas escolas a partir dos eixos citados, e a forma como estes contribuíram para melhor compreensão e promoção da aprendizagem autorregulada de alunos universitários e professores do ciclo de alfabetização que, no percurso, tornaram-se capazes de atuar com consciência e controle, planejando, executando e (auto)avaliando suas ações.
APONTAMENTOS SOBRE O GOVERNO ÉTICO-POLÍTICO DE USUÁRIOS DE MACONHA NO BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago Magalhães
Published: October 2024

O artigo descreve aspectos de uma história da subjetividade de usuários de maconha no Brasil. Analisa discursos circulantes em estudos médicos e psiquiátricos do começo a meados do século XX e em interações entre usuários da droga em uma comunidade na internet. Orientado pela ferramenta analítica da governamentalidade, elaborada por Michel Foucault, conclui que o usuário de maconha foi construído historicamente, no Brasil, como um sujeito patológico e delinquente, sendo tal construção reelaborada, na contemporaneidade, a partir de racionalidades e tecnologias liberais de governo das condutas através da educação, de modo a conformar um sujeito autocontrolado e gestor de si mesmo. Tal processo, contudo, tem seus limites nas profundas divisões socioeconômicas da sociedade brasileira.
Vidas narradas: mulheres e natureza no pampa gaúcho
Authors: Schlee Juliana Corrêa Pereira , Henning Paula Corrêa , Ribeiro Paula Regina Costa
Published: October 2024

Este artigo é fruto de um estudo realizado no interior de um grupo de pesquisa com a finalidade principal de problematizar como as mulheres ambientalistas do pampa gaúcho narram a sua relação com a natureza e com a educação ambiental. Trata-se de uma investigação que toma assento especialmente nas filosofias da diferença, tensionando o pensamento e os modos como nos relacionamos com a natureza. Como caminho metodológico realizamos uma investigação narrativa através de uma conversa com três mulheres ambientalistas do pampa do Rio Grande do Sul. Ao final desta investigação consideramos que as mulheres narram suas relações com a natureza, onde o cuidado e o amor pelo lugar tornam-se fundamentais para o sentimento de pertencimento, um sentimento que intitulamos como sentimento pampeano.
"Aprendi o que é racismo no Brasil”: crianças africanas e brasileiras na escola pública
Authors: Russo Kelly , Marcelino Sandra , Mendes Leila de Carvalho
Published: October 2024

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa desenvolvida entre 2018 e 2020, sobre o processo de inclusão de crianças em situação de imigração e/ou de refúgio nas escolas públicas da Baixada Fluminense. A partir de um eestudo de caso realizado em uma escola municipal de Duque de Caxias, tecemos reflexões sobre as distintas percepções das crianças sobre temas como diferenças culturais, desafios para a integração na sociedade brasileira e as relações étnico-raciais na rotina escolar a partir da realização de oficinas pedagógicas que envolveram crianças brasileiras, congolesas e angolana participantes do projeto.
Acolhimento de estudantes refugiados no ensino superior por meio do acompanhamento terapêutico: uma aprendizagem das “co-moções”.
Authors: Ferreira Luz Suellen , Lages e Silva Rodrigo
Published: October 2024

Apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa que foi realizada a partir do acolhimento educacional de estudantes em situação de refúgio no ensino superior em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino durante o período pandêmico. Para tanto, foi realizada uma aproximação entre os temas de saúde mental e educação, tendo em vista que saúde e aprendizagem se tornaram indissociáveis nos processos de acolhimento. A metodologia se caracterizou como pesquisa-intervenção e teve como dispositivo o do Acompanhamento Terapêutico (AT), por meio do qual foi  constituída  uma prática clínica porosa, composta pela polifonia de vozes que emergiu no encontro com os estudantes. Centramos nosso debate no conceito de “co-moções” como pista ética por meio da qual se buscou transversalizar saúde mental e educação na direção de um bem-estar pensado como responsabilização pela vida comum. Na discussão de resultados destacamos a percepção contra-etnográfica do encontro com estudantes refugiados e a noção polifonia que emergiu dessa experiência.
Interculturalidade e PLAc: reflexões acerca de educação e cidadania de migrantes e refugiados
Authors: Parnes Miranda Helen , De Souza Fernandes Sonia Regina
Published: October 2024

A inversão do cenário brasileiro de maior emigração para o de maior recepção de imigrantes devido ao crescimento econômico desde 1980 descortinou a ausência de uma tradição de acolhimento das diferenças (PATARRA, 2012) que embora atualmente reconheça direitos fundamentais dos migrantes, carece de política públicas no sentido da efetivação da cidadania plena. Tendo-se em vista o direito à educação democrática ser fundamental à cidadania e à constituição do Estado Democrático de Direito (FERNANDES, 1989), esse estudo busca, por meio da revisão de literatura analisar a possibilidade de uma educação intercultural pela proposta do Português como Língua de Acolhimento (PLAc). Para tanto, buscamos revisitar conceitos necessários à compreensão da interculturalidade; refletir acerca dos processos hegemônicos oriundos da condição colonial brasileira e, por fim; discutir a possibilidade de uma abordagem intercultural por meio da proposta de PLAc. Aponta-se a percepção crítica de PLAc como alternativa a educação hegemônica, alinhada a uma educação intercultural que respeite a filiação cultural, social e linguística dos sujeitos migrantes. Conclui-se que a ausência de política públicas no sentido da formação de professores de PLAc e no delineamento de projetos e programas voltados a esses sujeitos ainda se encontra acomodado em uma perspectiva assistencialista, responsabilizando os sujeitos envolvidos no processo educativo, precarizando a qualidade educacional e a profissão docente.Palavras-chave: interculturalidade; PLAc; inclusão de migrantes e refugiados; direito à educação de migrantes e refugiados; Português para migrantes e refugiados.
Surdos migrantes na escola: questões de inclusão e direitos humanos linguísticos
Authors: Araújo Paulo Jeferson Pilar , Bentes Thaisy
Published: October 2024

No presente artigo faz-se uma relação entre migração e surdez, focalizando principalmente o caso dos surdos migrantes venezuelanos no estado de Roraima. São apresentados um panorama da migração venezuelana em Boa Vista e alguns aspectos da educação para essa parcela da população. Apresenta-se ainda um caso de programa extensionista voltado para a assistência aos surdos migrantes e que valoriza a língua de sinais do migrante. Como objetivo do trabalho, demonstram-se as implicações possíveis para o campo dos estudos migratórios com a atenção voltada para a especificidade das comunidades surdas que migram. Os resultados indicam uma ainda total ausência de políticas linguísticas e educacionais voltadas para migrantes e refugiados surdos, o que demanda um repensar das práticas das escolas que buscam uma inclusão ainda alijada, pautada na ideologia do monolinguismo das línguas de acolhimento. Nesse ponto, invocam-se as premissas dos direitos humanos linguísticos e as frentes possíveis e passíveis de atuação para uma escola que realmente abra as portas para a população de surdos migrantes no Brasil.
Migração e refúgio: desafios educativos entre desigualdades e diferenças
Authors: Brenner Ana Karina , Alvarenga Marcia Soares de
Published: October 2024

O presente texto apresenta seção temática que oferece às leitoras e aos leitores um conjunto de trabalhos que, num mosaico de abordagens temáticas, conceituais e metodológicas, tem a questão migratória como tema comum. A intensificação da crise do capital que aprofunda a precarização da força do trabalho e os conflitos políticos territoriais que provocam ações contrárias aos direitos de cidadania, aos direitos humanos e, em particular, ao direito à educação estão expressos nesta seção. Ao mesmo tempo em que se descreve dificuldades materiais, xenofobia, descoberta do racismo, também se anuncia horizontes de possibilidades na produção de redes e movimentos de resistências organizadas na elaboração de políticas públicas para migrantes e refugiados que buscam produzir e reproduzir a vida nos espaços territoriais de destino. A escola, muito presente em cotidianos tanto de crianças e adolescentes quanto de jovens e adultos, seja pela educação básica ou no ensino superior, é a instituição que se faz mais constante nos estudos aqui apresentados. Também é pela escola/universidade que se problematiza a questão da língua, conceitualizações, ofertas e aprendizados do português bem como as múltiplas sociabilidades do contexto de migração e refúgio.
“Colega, senta que o babado é bom”: escolas, currículos e fuxicos
Authors: Roseiro Steferson Zanoni , Gonçalves Nahun Thiaghor Lippaus Pires , Rodrigues Alexsandro
Published: October 2024

O artigo se propõe a enunciar e problematizar as forças dos fuxicos, mexericos e fofocas enquanto modos de sociabilidades, ressaltando sua importância para fazer circular narrativas que enfraquecem as intenções de controle da vida. O texto, desdobrando-se em perguntas e convites à arte da fofoca, faz da brincadeira do telefone sem fio não algo que nos aprisione a uma moral punitiva diante de nossas invencionices, mas que afirma nessa prática uma política formativa disforme. O fuxico aparece como força do vivo e exercício de coragem, potencializando os processos criativos. No fuxico, os currículos são dessacralizados. A santidade é borrada e o oficial é tornado provisório. Em práticas de liberdade, se valendo das ocasiões dos que se afetam, um currículo fuxiqueiro cresce e se desloca. Aposta nas fofocas e nos fuxicos justamente como essas forças que, espalhando-se sem rostos e sem nomes, enfraquecem todo o discurso de verdade que as forças controladoras se armam para ditar. O fuxico e os currículos fuxiqueiros insurgem para romper com a norma e com as intenções de verdade absolutas dos currículos que negam as invenções dos praticantes.
Tempo (s) de avós e netos: memória, presença e infância
Authors: Castro Liana Garcia
Published: October 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar concepções de tempo e infância em narrativas de avós e netos ouvidas em uma pesquisa de doutorado em educação. A filosofia de Walter Benjamin e a antropologia filosófica de Martin Buber foram as principais referências teóricas do estudo, que entrevistou dez adultos, entre cinquenta e um e setenta e um anos de idade, e seis de seus netos, de cinco a doze anos de idade. Como estratégia metodológica, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com os adultos e uma entrevista coletiva com as crianças. Devido ao contexto de pandemia, o trabalho de campo foi realizado por meios digitais (plataforma Zoom e aplicativo WhatsApp). Nas narrativas das/os participantes da investigação, o tempo aparece com lugar de destaque: envelhecimento, histórias de outros tempos, preocupações com o futuro, tempo de brincar. O texto entrecruza vozes de crianças e adultos, e delas emergem reflexões filosóficas e antropológicas sobre infância, tempo e nossos modos de viver.
Apresentação: infância, juventude: interseccionalidades
Authors: Alvarez Juan Pablo , Aquino Ligia Maria , Caputo Stela Guedes
Published: October 2024

Apresentação da edição especial de infância, juventude : interseccionalidades
‘The can cannot be kicked any further down the road’
Authors: Leitch Neil
Published: October 2024

In this opinion piece, Neil Leitch, Chief Executive of Early Years Alliance, discusses how the early years workforce must play a central role in 2025 policy priorities.
Is that too scary?
Authors: Baker Charlottte
Published: October 2024

Dr Charlottte Baker, associate lecturer at Derby University, speaks to authors, lecturers, students and practitioners to discuss the value of sharing scary stories with young children, in time for Halloween at the end of October.
Those Who Leave or Those Who Stay? Arrian’s Account of Alexander at Opis ( Anab . 7.8.1)
Authors: Baron Christopher
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Alexander’s announcement that he was discharging those soldiers whom he considered no longer fit for service led to the “mutiny at Opis” (324 b.c.e.). According to the manuscripts of Arrian’s Anabasis , Alexander also said that he would richly reward those soldiers who were to remain in Asia (μένουσιν, 7.8.1). However, scholars have questioned this reading, and many editions emend the text here. The issue raises significant questions about the actions of Alexander and his Macedonian troops. I aim to show that there is no need for emendation, and that the manuscript reading (“those who stay”) is most likely correct. In addition, it reveals both a sophisticated intertextual allusion and a nuanced reading of the historical situation on Arrian’s part.
Sub Aqua : Latona And The Frogs In Ovid, Metamorphoses (6.313–81)
Authors: Bannon Cynthia J.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: After giving birth Latona arrives tired and thirsty in Lycia, but the locals refuse her a drink from their lake, so she turns them into frogs. Critics usually endorse Latona’s justice. This article reexamines the episode to develop a balanced reading and then historicizes that reading in relation to law and Augustus’ aqueduct projects. The conflict between goddess and mortals dramatizes tensions between emperor and citizens with conflicting interests in water. Ovid’s Lycian myth opens new perspectives on these conflicts and, more generally, on the place of law in Augustan Rome.
Generic Games: The Ending of Longus’ Daphnis and Chloe
Authors: Maciver Calum A.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article unravels the careful encodings contained in the final sentence, the sphragis , of Longus’ novel Daphnis and Chloe . Building on previous studies on the ending, I delve more deeply into each of the key terms included in the final sentence and argue for the presence of New Comedy as the key complement to Bucolic in the novel’s generic hybridity. I focus on Chloe’s role as focalizer of the final sentence, and through key intratextual and intertextual resonances of the sphragis argue that the novel’s generic games are bound up above all in her experience and educational development.
“We Fervently Pray”: Reading Afro-Protestant Prayer as Genre Intervention in “The Petition of Absalom Jones and Others—People of Colour and Freemen of Philadelphia”
Authors: Sanders Jorden E.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: While scholars have long documented Christianity’s influence on African American literature and print, few have investigated how specific Afro-Protestant practices inform alternative modes of collective action and writing in the early American republic. This essay follows scholarship’s recent turn by reading Afro-Protestant prayer within discourses of civic and religious petition at the turn of the nineteenth century. Sanders contends that early African American advocates mobilized prayer’s genre flexibility in their public addresses to challenge America’s growing antagonism toward antislavery petitions. These early theorizations of Afro-Protestant prayer as petitionary activism reframe how we understand a tradition of circulated prayers from nineteenth-century print to the present.
Imaging the Middle Ages: Twenty-First Century Revitalizations at Santiago de Compostela
Authors: Gordon Addie
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Since the Middle Ages, Santiago de Compostela has been home to one of the most famous pilgrimage destinations in Europe. Throughout its history, its success as a pilgrimage site has most often been signaled by large-scale building projects. This essay addresses how Peter Eisenman's Cidade da Cultura de Galicia (CCG), an architectural complex and cultural center overlooking Santiago de Compostela, mediates and responds to contemporary efforts toward the production and revitalization of the pilgrim experience within the city. While not as obvious as the interventions that occur along the route, the CCG is in fact a materialization of the goals of the revitalization initiative, a vision of secularized touristic pilgrimage for the twenty-first century, which is enacted through Compostela's successful image economy. The twentieth-century revitalization efforts are peculiar for the distinctive nature of their engagement with a medieval past, and the strong connections drawn between modern pilgrimage and its medieval counterpart. This article is concerned with the material evidence of competing interests in the revitalization process and specifically with how they relate to institutional interventions initiated by the regional government. The regional government's interests were often pursued in monumental form: in the late twentieth century, the Xunta operationalized a comprehensive cultural policy that was principally enacted in architecture. Examining the CCG's own past, as well as the medieval narrative of Compostela's history that it materializes, offers a new framework for understanding the role of built space in—and its relation to—the politics of pilgrimage revitalization within the twenty-first-century context.
On bench evaluation of intraocular lenses: performance of a commercial interferometer
Authors: Villemagne Noé , Joannes Luc , Stern Benjamin , Gatinel Damien
Published: October 2024

NIMO-TEMPO is a metrology device that measures all types of intraocular
lenses available in the ophthalmic market. Its technology, based on
interferometry, captures the wavefront of the lens to compute optical
results essential to evaluate its quality and understand its
characteristics. This study aims to demonstrate the reliability of
this device and its associated software, TEMPO-MENTOR, in measuring
intraocular lenses. The analysis is based on comparing the theoretical
results of the optical design and data computed by the device
algorithm. Results provided with NIMO-TEMPO are also validated using
another metrology device.
Optical and terahertz methods for studying easel oil paintings
Authors: Bolshakov Ivan S. , Lykina Anastasiya A. , Kravtsenyuk Olga V. , Sirro Sergey V. , Toropov Vyacheslav Y. , Tsvetkov Andrey R. , Taday Philip F. , Arnone Donald D. , Smolyanskaya Olga A.
Published: October 2024

Subject of study. This study focuses on the application of terahertz tomography methods to easel oil paintings. Aim of study. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of terahertz tomography in analyzing the layered structure of artworks and detecting hidden damage, elements, and annotations. Method. The study employed traditional analysis methods, such as infrared, ultraviolet fluorescence, and X-ray imaging. Special emphasis was placed on terahertz tomography, which enables non-invasive imaging of internal structures. Main results. The study showed that terahertz tomography allows for the differentiation of materials used in oil paintings. This method enables a detailed examination of the layered structure without damaging the object under investigation, revealing elements that cannot be detected using other methods. The novelty of this study lies in the proposed application of terahertz tomography for preliminary in situ examination of paintings to detect hidden defects and possible inscriptions on the reverse side of artworks. Practical significance. The results obtained from this study are valuable for researching, assessing the preservation status of, and restoring oil paintings. Specifically, the proposed method is suitable for detecting defects and hidden elements beneath paint layers without damaging the colorful surface. The terahertz tomography method proves particularly effective when applied in situ, as it does not require paintings to be dismantled.
Optimization of conditions for excitation of Xe laser plasma in an extreme ultraviolet radiation source for nanolithography in order to increase its efficiency
Authors: Butorin Pavel S. , Kalmykov Serguei G.
Published: October 2024

Subject of study. The study focuses on laser plasma excited by a Xe gas-jet target. Aim of study. The aim of this study is to increase the output of extreme ultraviolet radiation from such a plasma to a level that meets the requirements of industrial production, specifically for use as a radiation source in a new branch of lithography with a wavelength near 11.2 nm. Method. The primary method used involves changing the diameter of the laser beam by moving a Xe gas-jet target along its axis. This adjustment leads to a change in the interaction area between the beam and the target, which in turn alters the size of the laser spark. The intensity of plasma radiation at wavelengths of 11.2 nm and 13.5 nm was measured using a surface-barrier Si photosensor and a Bragg mirror. Additionally, the energy of the laser radiation absorbed by the plasma was measured. Main results. The results show that, when the diameter of the laser beam illuminating the target increases from 46 µm to 344 µm, the energy emitted in the extreme ultraviolet range increases by approximately 5 times. In the identified irradiation mode, the efficiency of converting laser radiation into radiation with a wavelength of 11.2 nm was 3.9%. Recent measurements of the plasma lifetime have shown that it depends on the size of the plasma and, in several experiments, is significantly shorter than the laser pulse duration. This finding suggests that the plasma lifetime can be used as an optimization parameter when selecting the laser pulse duration. Practical significance. A record-high efficiency is obtained for the conversion of laser pulse energy into extreme ultraviolet radiation by a laser-plasma radiation source with a gas target. This achievement opens up the prospect of using such sources in the industrial production of microcircuits.
Broadband spin-dependent anti-reflection in chiral time-varying metamaterials
Authors: Fan Xingxing , Zhang Haosen , Wu Kedi , Wang Guo Ping
Published: October 2024

Time-varying metamaterials have garnered significant attention for their ability to achieve anti-reflection in the time domain. However, current systems face limitations in spin-controlled manipulation, as most studies focus on non-chiral, time-varying metamaterials. Consequently, realizing spin-dependent broadband anti-reflection using time-varying chiral metamaterials remains underexplored. In this work, we propose a time-varying chiral structure composed of four temporal layers, each with distinct impedances and chiral parameters. By carefully adjusting these parameters across the layers, our structure enables broadband anti-reflection for both right- and left-circularly polarized (RCP and LCP) waves under small chiral conditions. Under large chiral parameters, the structure selectively achieves broadband anti-reflection for LCP waves, while consistently reflecting RCP waves across the bandwidth. This unique spin-dependent broadband anti-reflection results from significant phase delays between RCP and LCP waves, a feature not achievable by non-chiral, time-varying multilayer structures. Additionally, the proposed structure allows impedance matching between chiral and non-chiral dielectric spatial-temporal slabs in finite regions under small chiral parameters. These findings offer promising avenues for advanced wave manipulation in chiral metamaterials, with potential applications in broadband absorbers, filters, and quantum information processing systems.
Photonics-assisted self-interference cancellation for in-band full-duplex integrated sensing and communication transceiver
Authors: Yu Xiao , Ye Jia , Yan Lianshan , Zhou Tao , Zhong Ningyuan , Zhu Yue , Zou Xihua , Pan Wei
Published: October 2024

In-band full-duplex (IBFD) operation is essential for both sensing-centric and communication-centric integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) systems. Both types require the monostatic transceiver to overcome the technical challenge of self-interference (SI). To address this challenge, a photonics-assisted self-interference cancellation (SIC) scheme for an IBFD ISAC transceiver is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By utilizing wavelength division multiplexing, the SI is cancelled by a cancellation reference with matched amplitude and time delay, using two counter-biased Mach-Zehnder modulators. In proof-of-concept experiments, the proposed IBFD ISAC transceiver is tested using a 10 GHz quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constant envelope linear frequency modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CE-LFM-OFDM) ISAC signal with a carrier frequency and a bandwidth of 10 GHz and 2 GHz, respectively. Experimental results show that cancellation depths of 35.29 dB and 32.59 dB are achieved with bandwidths of 1 GHz and 2 GHz, respectively, in the communication receiver. The corresponding weak signal of interest is successfully recovered after effective SIC in the wireless link. The ranging and imaging functions are also experimentally verified. The experimental results show that the cancellation depth of the SI after de-chirping is 23.6 dB when the center frequency and bandwidth of the CE-LFM-OFDM RF signal are 10 GHz and 2 GHz, respectively. A dynamic range increase of 23.84 dB is achieved in imaging function. The corresponding radar ranging resolution of 10 cm is also achieved for radar function. The proposed scheme cancels the SI in both communication and radar receivers, demonstrating excellent performance in the IBFD ISAC transceiver system.
Plasmon-enhanced NIR-II photoluminescence of rare-earth oxide nanoprobes for high-sensitivity optical temperature sensing
Authors: Zhuang Baikang , Yang Yubiao , Huang Kaihang , Yin Jinchang
Published: October 2024

With ongoing advancements in photothermal therapy, achieving efficient tumor cell eradication while minimizing damage to healthy tissues necessitates a highly effective and non-invasive real-time temperature monitoring technique for human tissues. Herein, we report a near-infrared (NIR)-II optical temperature sensing nanoprobe featuring rare-earth-doped gadolinium oxide nanocrystals (RENCs) attached to the dumbbell mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs). The composite nanoprobe presents an intense absorption in the NIR region, and NIR-II photoluminescence (PL) increases by 97.2 to 102-fold compared to pure RENCs upon 980 nm irradiation. The localized electric field generated through surface plasmon resonance effects of AuNRs demonstrated a dumbbell-shaped distribution that aligns with the structure of nanoprobes, maximizing the PL enhancement of RENCs. Moreover, the NIR-II emissions are changed with the rising temperature, with an exceptional relative sensitivity of 7.25% K−1 at 338 K based on PL lifetime, indicating the nanoprobe is highly potential for optical temperature sensing.
High-power picosecond UV and deep-UV laser sources delivering powers of 30 W at 355 nm, 10 W at 266 nm, and 5 W at 213 nm
Authors: Cui Zijian , Xu Junze , Lu Chenxu , Shi Yiqun , Liu Wenfeng , Sun Mingying , Liu De’an , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: October 2024

Utilizing LiB3O5, β-BaB2O4 crystals, and an Nd:YVO4 laser with an average power of 70 W and a repetition rate of 100 kHz, we systematically demonstrated and operated high-repetition-rate, high-power, all-solid-state, UV, and deep-UV picosecond laser sources via high-efficiency third-, fourth-, and fifth-harmonic generation (THG, FHG, and FiHG). The maximum output powers of the radiation at 355, 266, and 213 nm reached 31.2, 10.6, and 4.86 W, respectively, and the highest conversion efficiencies from the 1064 nm infrared laser beam to its third, fourth, and fifth harmonics were up to 44.6, 15.3, and 7.16%, respectively. The intensity autocorrelation traces of the generated 355, 266, and 213 nm radiation were measured based on a two-photon absorption (TPA), and the extracted pulse durations were 7.7, 6.1, and 5.9 ps, respectively. This work validates the performance of the β-BaB2O4 crystal in obtaining deep-UV radiation, laying the foundation for compact high-power deep-UV devices. Especially the power of 213 nm radiation may be the highest power, to our knowledge, for the picosecond deep-UV radiation near the wave band of ∼200 nm.
Optomechanical Photonics: feature issue introduction
Authors: Fang Kejie , Sun Xiankai , Zadok Avinoam , Mirhosseini Mohammad
Published: October 2024

We introduce the Optical Materials Express feature issue on Optomechanical Photonics. This issue comprises a collection of eight research articles on optomechanical photonics, including studies of new fundamental phenomena, device applications, experimental characterizations, and theoretical models.
Utilizing Yin-Yang approach to reinforce fuzzy front-end activities and manufacturing startups’ growth performance
Authors: Huang Jiaxu , Hu Haiqing
Published: October 2024

Fuzzy front-end is the research frontier of manufacturing industry. This study investigates the relationship between market-oriented FFE activities and manufacturing startup growth performance by adopting an open innovative ancient Chinese Taoism Yin-Yang approach under this post-pandemic circumstance. This study also examines the moderating behavioral effect of Chinese Zen-originated CEO mindfulness between market-oriented FFE activities and manufacturing startup growth performance. Data for this study were gathered from 343 Chinese manufacturing startups’ CEOs across different manufacturing industries, including both high-tech and conventional manufacturing industries. The collected data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling and Bootstrap method. The quantitative analysis results show that most market-oriented FFE activities have positive effects on manufacturing startup growth performance and the Chinese Zen-originated CEO mindfulness positively moderates the relationship between most FFE activities and startup growth performance.
Daily high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) for sleep disturbances and cognitive dysfunction in patients with mild vascular cognitive impairments: A study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gong Yuqi , Li Jing , Yuen Yuk Shan , Yang Natalie Shu , Li Zeyan , Tang Wai Kwong , Lu Hanna
Published: October 2024

Background

Poor sleep quality is increasingly considered to be an underlying cause of cerebrovascular diseases. This is a slowly progressing condition that gradually leads to vascular cognitive impairment and stroke during ageing. At present, randomized clinical trials examining the non-pharmacological therapies in the management of this comorbidity are very limited. Transcranial current stimulation (tCS) is a non-invasive technology for promoting cognitive function and treating brain disorders. As advanced modalities of tCS, transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), could deliver frequency-specific waveforms of currents that can modulate brain activities in a more specific manner.

Methods and design

Chinese individuals between the ages of 60 and 90 years, who are right-handed and have mild vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) with sleep disturbances, will participate in a randomized study. They will undergo a 2-week intervention period where they will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: high-frequency (hf)-tRNS, 40 Hz tACS, or sham tCS. Each group will consist of 15 participants. Before the intervention, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data will be used to create a computational head model for each participant. This will help identify the treatment target of left inferior parietal lobe (IPL). Throughout the study, comprehensive assessments will be conducted at multiple time points, including baseline, 2nd week, 6th week, and 12th week. These assessments will evaluate various factors such as sleep quality, domain-specific cognitive performance, and actigraphic records. In addition, the participants’ adherence to the program and any potential adverse effects will be closely monitored throughout the duration of the intervention.

Conclusions

The primary objective of this study is to examine the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of hf-tRNS and 40 Hz tACS interventions targeting left IPL in individuals with mild vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) who experience sleep disturbances and cognitive dysfunction. Additionally, the study seeks to evaluate the program’s adherence, tolerability, and any potential adverse effects associated with frequency-specific transcranial current stimulation (tCS). The findings from this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between oscillation, sleep, and cognition. Furthermore, the results will provide valuable insights to guide future investigations in the field of sleep medicine and neurodegenerative diseases.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06169254.
Preferences for oral and injectable PrEP among qualitative sub-study participants in HPTN 084
Authors: Tolley Elizabeth E. , Bula Agatha , Chitukuta Miria , Ndimande-Khoza Nomhle , Etima Juliane , Namey Emily , Kemigisha Doreen , Makhale Lerato , Tsidya Mercy , Shoen Marie , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Delany- Moretlwe Sinead ,   on behalf of the HPTN 084 study team
Published: October 2024

Background

HPTN 084 compared the safety and efficacy of long-acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB) to daily oral TDF/FTC for prevention of HIV-1 in uninfected African women. Like a similar trial in MSM/TGW (HPTN 083), the trial was stopped early for efficacy, expediting the need to consider introduction strategies for different populations. We examine survey and qualitative data from a four-country sub-study to examine oral and injectable PrEP acceptability and considerations for CAB access among African women.

Methods

Participants completed baseline and follow-up surveys on HIV risk perception, sexual behavior. product acceptability and adherence during the blinded trial. Additionally, up to two in-depth interviews each with 73 sub-study participants explored product use and trial-related experiences, during the blinded and unblinded study periods. Using survey data, we classified participants as: engaged in female sex work (FSW), having multiple non-transactional partners, or monogamous. A study statistician identified participants’ assigned study arm. We followed a thematic analysis process to read transcripts, develop a codebook and apply codes in NVivo to transcripts with intermittent intercoder reliability checks; using Excel matrices to explore differences across risk categories and study arms.

Findings

Participants overwhelmingly preferred injections to pills, appreciating the ease, convenience, and privacy of a long-acting formulation. Many participants described challenges with contraceptive and/or study pill adherence, impeded by late night work, unexpected travel, or heavy drinking. Women in the TDF/FTC arm were more likely to describe side effects, compared to those in the CAB arm. Pain also varied widely by study arm. When considering post-trial access to CAB, limited PrEP knowledge, cost and concerns around stigma and poor service quality were potential access barriers.

Conclusion

Women’s desire for privacy and ease of use outweighed injectable concerns, resulting in a strong preference for CAB. Cost and accessibility will need to be addressed by implementation programs.
The negative association between weight-adjusted-waist index and lung functions: NHANES 2007–2012
Authors: Fan Di , Zhang Liling , Wang Tingfan
Published: October 2024

Obesity is a common public health issue worldwide, and its negative impact on lung function has garnered widespread attention. This study sought to investigate the possible association between a new obesity metric, the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), and lung functions, providing a basis for the monitoring and protection of lung functions. We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation, analyzing data from adults in the U.S. gathered through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2012. To explore the correlation between WWIs and lung functions, we utilized a multivariate logistic regression model with appropriate weighting to ensure accuracy. Smooth curve fitting also helped to confirm the linear nature of this relationship. Subgroup analyses were conducted to confirm the uniformity and dependability of the results. Our study included data from 13,805 adults in the United States. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that, in the fully adjusted model, higher WWIs were negatively correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and forced expiratory flow rate (FEF) 25%-75% (β = -0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.71, -0.55]; β = -0.55; 95% CI [-0.62, -0.48]; β = -0.02; 95% CI [-0.03, -0.01]; β = -1.44; 95% CI [-1.65, -1.23]; β = -0.52; 95% CI [-0.65, -0.39], respectively). Additionally, when analyzing the WWI as a categorical variable, a significant downward trend in the FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEF 25%-75% was observed from Q2 to Q4 as the WWI increased (trend P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed stronger associations between WWI and lung functions, particularly among younger, non-Hispanic white, male participants, and current smokers. Our results indicate that elevated WWI is strongly associated with declining lung functions, demonstrating the importance of long-term monitoring and tracking of WWIs.