bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Chemical Properties of Inulin Isolated from Yacón Tuber
Authors: Andrianto Dimas , Bintang Maria , Aziz Irfan Abdul , Hermita Suci
Published: December 2022

Inulin is a polysaccharide with linear fructan chain structure. Food industries widely use inulin as a low calorie sugar substitutions. Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) tuber that are easily grown and contain higher inulin can be explored as local inulin sources. This research aimed to characterize the chemical properties of inulin isolated from yacón tuber. The methods of this study include proximate analysis of yacón tuber, inulin isolation, and characterization of purified inulin using FTIR. The results showed that yacón consisted  of 91.23 water (analyzed as moisture), 0.12 proteins, 0.58 fats, 0.52 crude fibers, and 7.34% carbohydrates. The yield of inulin extracted from yacón tuber was 4.86% whereas its purity and actual content of inulin were 44.23 and 2.15%, respectively. The Osazon test revealed that the isolated inulin has similar crystalline with that from chicory. Based on characterization using the FTIR spectrophotometer, the isolated inulin had functional groups of C-O, C-H, CH2, O-H, and C=O. The spectrum of the isolated inulin has similarities with chicory inulin. Therefore, yacón tuber could be considered as a potential local inulin source in Indonesia.
Pyogenic Granuloma of the Oral Cavity: Clinical and Histopathological Features, Etiopathogenesis, and Management
Authors: Aoun Georges
Published: December 2022

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular tumor that usually occurs on the skin and mucous membranes, mostly of the oral cavity. The most common site for oral PG is the gingiva. The lesion arises in response to various stimuli, such as low-grade local irritation, traumatic injury, or hormonal changes. It may occur at any age, with the highest incidence in the 2nd and 5th decades of life. Women are more frequently affected due to the increased levels of circulating hormones like estrogen and progesterone. This article reviews the clinical and histopathological features of oral PG, as well as its etiopathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and treatment.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEACHER TRAINING SYSTEM IN THE VOLOGDA REGION ON THE BASIS OF CONTINUITY AND CONTINUITY OF INTER-LEVEL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
Authors:   Vologda State University, Likhacheva O.I. , Guzakova O.L.
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the training of teaching staff based on the model of continuing education, which provides for the continuity of educational programs vertically between the levels of secondary vocational and higher education. Based on the analysis of the educational process for the continuity and continuity of pedagogical education at each level of vocational education, legal, organizational and technological gaps have been identified. The article presents an algorithm for the interaction of educational organizations of secondary vocational and higher education in the development and implementation of succession programs. To create a holistic process of teacher training, an inter-level competence model has been developed, in which the methodology of cross-cutting competencies is used. Twelve cross-cutting competencies have been identified, which should be formed among graduates of colleges and universities. Cross-cutting competencies formed the basis for the development of the competence matrix, which reflects the content of the training of teaching staff at different levels of education and is consistent with the sequence of their development by determining the level of their formation.
DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE THINKING AS A CONDITION OF PROFESSIONAL FORMATION OF A TEACHER OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Pakhtusova N.A. , Podmareva A.V. , Samsonova I.G. , Konyaeva E.A.
Published: December 2022

The article considers scientific approaches to the concept of creativity, creative thinking and the conditions for its development in the conditions of organizing competitive activities of university students. The authors emphasize the binary nature of the process of education a teacher of vocational training: from one side, the students’ own creativity and active mental activity, from the other, the opportunity to teach the methods of creative activity to others. The authors support the position of scientists that creativity and intelligence interact in the process of development and encourage to the making of professional consciousness.
INDIVIDUALIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN THE VIRTUAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Korchemkina Yu.V. , Uvarina N.V.
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the problem of applying an individualized approach in the process of teaching students. The purpose of the study was to identify the impact of individualized learning in the virtual educational environment of the university on the effectiveness of the formation of information and analytical skills of students. With the help of the developed diagnostic tools, a primary assessment of the levels of formation of the studied skills of two groups of students was carried out. The components of the virtual educational environment are described, which make it possible to individualize the learning process: training modules, a monitoring module, an analytical module. Based on the results of the control diagnostics of the formation of information and analytical skills, a conclusion was made about the effectiveness of the individualization of the process of forming information and analytical skills of students in the virtual educational environment of the university.
VIEWPOINTS OF SCHOOL GRADUATES ABOUT THE PROCEDURE OF CHOOSING PROFESSION AND EMPLOYMENT
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Pavlova L.N. , Konyaeva E.A. , Nogina A.A.
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the theoretical aspects of the problem of choosing a profession, in particular professional self-determination of young people studying. Some features of the regulatory documents of the federal and regional levels regulating career guidance activities that promote conscious and effective professional self-determination of a person are disclosed. The generalized results of a study of school graduates on the procedure for choosing a profession and employment in the city of Chelyabinsk 2019-2021 are presented. It is established that students initially form an interest in the university, and then there is a definition in the profession (specialty).
MEANING OF SOFT-SKILLS IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMANISTIC, CIVIC AND UTILITARIAL OBJECTIVES OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Gilyazova O.S. , Zamoshchanskaya A.N.
Published: December 2022

The meaning of soft skills for the three objectives of higher education – humanistic, civic and utilitarian – is discussed in terms of historical and philosophical analysis. It is found that soft skills facilitate mutual strengthening of the objectives and help the competence approach in overcoming the tensions between them. It is demonstrated that the issue of ambivalence of these values is updated due to soft skills. It is proved that particularly soft skills become a new challenger for the integrator role providing integrality and balance of the intellectual, integral and existential development of the student and make it possible to transfer the specifics of the classical higher education (humanism, civics and universality) to the profile (specialized) higher schools on the one hand, and prevent universities from turning into “large colleges” (that massovization and professionalization may involve), on the other hand.
Millihertz band low-intensity-noise single-frequency laser for space gravitational wave detection
Authors: Wang Zai-Yuan , Wang Jie-Hao , Li Yu-Hang , Liu Qiang ,   Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,   Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,   Ordnance Sergeant College of Army Engineering University, Wuhan 430075, China
Published: December 2022

A low-noise single-frequency laser is a key component of the space-based gravitational wave detector, and the intensity noise of the laser directly affects the sensitivity of the space-based GW detector. In this work, we report a low-noise single-frequency laser designed for space-based gravitational wave detector. The laser is based on a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA), which is designed to possess a low-power, narrow-linewidth seed laser acting as master oscillator (MO) and an all polarization-maintaining fiber amplifier acting as power amplifier (PA). The amplifier that uses a robust mechanical design consists of an Yb-doped double-clad fiber forward pumped by wavelength-locked 976 nm pump laser diode (LD) to achieve 2.13 W of output power and 70 dB of signal-noise ratio (SNR). To suppress the relative intensity noise (RIN) in a millhertz regime (1 mHz–1 Hz), we characterize the power stabilization of a pump diode laser based on a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control loop where an in-loop photodetector is used. The power fluctuation can be converted into the fluctuation of the current signal by the photodiode, the current signal is converted into the voltage signal and amplified by a transimpedance circuit. Then, the voltage signal is compared with the voltage reference signal, and the error signal is achieved to adjust real-timely the drive current of the pump laser diode. This is a good way to significantly suppress the RIN of a laser at low frequencies, but the measured RIN below 4 mHz is still higher than –60 dBc/Hz. In order to further suppress the RIN to lower than 4 mHz, an active precise temperature control technology is used to suppress the thermal noise from pump LD and fiber coupler. To assess the RIN milliertz regime, we design an RIN measurement system consisting of a high-precision signal acquisition card (24 bit) and a computer program based on LabVIEW. The measurement range of the system is 2 μHz–102.4 kHz and the frequency resolution up to 2 µHz, much better than the counterparts of commercial instruments. By stabilizing the fiber amplifier pump LD current and the temperature of pump LD and the temperature of fiber coupler, the out-of-loop RINs are measured to be –63.4 dBc/Hz@1 mHz and –105.8 dBc/Hz@1 Hz , and in a milliertz regime of 1 mHz–1 Hz, the RIN is below –60 dBc/Hz. The results show that the feedback control of the fiber amplifier pump LD current and the temperature control of the key devices can effectively suppress the RIN in the millihertz frequency band, which lays a foundation for further improving the intensity noise performance in the low frequency band.
Review of Parameters Correlated with the Maximum Heat Release Rate in Flames of Polyurethane Foams of Various Cuboid Shapes
Authors: Park Jung-Wook , Han Ho-Sik , Hwang Cheol-Hong
Published: December 2022

The heat release rate is an important physical quantity that can quantitatively analyze the scale and intensity of fires. Recently, studies have been conducted to analyze the correlation between various parameters of combustibles and the maximum heat release rate measured in fire experiments, and to predict the maximum heat release rate of combustibles through correlation equations. However, the suitability of various parameters of combustibles that can be applied in the correlation has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, fire experiments were conducted using polyurethane (PU) foams of various shapes. Besides, the correlations between various combustible parameters and the maximum heat release rate were quantitatively compared and analyzed. The results confirmed that by appropriately using the combustible parameters, the relative error of the maximum heat release rate predicted by the correlation equation could be reduced from 34% to 12%.
Exhaust Smoke Validity of Vertical Shaft in Restrooms using the Stack Effect
Authors: Cho Sung-Woo , Lee Byung-Hyun
Published: December 2022

This study is performed to validate a quantitative relationship between the exhaust rate through vertical shaft, which are used for restroom ventilation, and smoke generation based on NFSC 501. The exhaust rate is calculated using heat balance equations and is based on the input and exhaust air temperatures. The neutral plan in the vertical shaft was formed at approximately 46% of the total height. Because the smoke that is exhausted through the vertical shaft is more than 20% of the minimum smoke generation suggested by NFSC 501, the smoke exhaust through the vertical shaft is considered to be possible.
Experimental Study on Evaluating the Fire Resistance Performance of Plant Facilities
Authors: Lee Doo Hee , Nam Gi Tae , Cho GyuHwan , Choi Doo Chan
Published: December 2022

Plant facilities should exhibit the same fire resistance performance as general buildings even though they generally have combustibles with high fire risk, unlike general buildings. Therefore, in this study, the fire resistance performance was evaluated considering the cellulosic fire presented in KS F 2257-1, which is the standard for evaluating fire resistance performance of general buildings, and hydrocarbon fire that can occur in the plant presented in UL-1709.
Fire Risk Analysis of Petrochemical Plant Facilities through Fire Modeling
Authors: Nam Gi Tae , Lee Doo Hee , Choi Doo Chan
Published: December 2022

In this study, fire case analysis and fire type and risk analysis were conducted for each process according to the ISO 17776 checklist to determine the firefighting activities and worker evacuation areas in case of a fire in a petrochemical plant. Therefore, fire modeling was performed for storage tanks with the largest fire load according to the wind speed and combustibles in order to analyze the radiant heat and smoke behavior. The effects of radiant heat and smoke were increasingly high in the order of n-heptane, gasoline, and diesel. Moreover, the firefighting activities and worker evacuation areas varied greatly depending on the wind speed rather than combustibles. However, because the results of the study cannot exclude the possible dependence on the fire modeling, it is necessary to generalize and standardize the results of the study by accumulating data through various scenarios.
Association of Serum Beta-Trace Protein Levels in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study
Authors: Thalquotra Mohit , Brar Gundeep Kaur , Ahi Rajinderjit Singh
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is common disorder showing decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) value (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ). Because of limitations of creatinine as a biomarker of GFR, new alternative biomarkers are being investigated, such as Beta-Trace Protein (BTP) is low molecular weight proteins that are filtered by the glomeruli. Serum BTP have been shown to be more helpful for estimating GFR. Aim: To assess the role of Beta-Trace Protein (BTP) as a potential biomarker of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in comparison to serum urea, serum creatinine, fasting blood sugar and Creatinine Clearance Rate (CCR). Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Government Medical College, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India, from February 2021 to December 2021. Total 50 known patients of kidney diseases and 50 healthy individuals above the age of 18 years were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected from all individuals and serum BTP, serum urea level, serum creatinine level, fasting blood sugar were measured. Correlation of BTP with serum urea level, serum creatinine level, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) level, and CCR was calculated by Pearson Correlation test. Results: In present study, 50 patients in case groups (33 male and 17 females) and 50 healthy controls (25 males and 25 females) were included. Among controls, the mean age of patients was 52.12±5.66 years and among cases 55.94±10.51 years. BTP level was increased two times (from 32.06±11.25 µg/ml to 66.36±27.80 µg/ml) in CKD patients than controls individuals. BTP level was positively correlated with serum urea level, serum creatinine level, and FBG level while negatively correlated with CCR. Conclusion: BTP may be a useful and reliable serum marker for identifying the magnitude of renal dysfunction in patients with CKD and may have its place beside serum creatinine as an alternative endogenous GFR marker.
Degradation of Milkfish Bone (Chanos- chanos Forsskal) with Pure Papain Enzyme Concentration and Heating Time
Authors: Fitri Muhammad , Tartar Sri Udayana , Nurmiah Sitti , Syukroni Ikbal
Published: December 2022

Aim: This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of calcium phosphate derivatives of milkfish bones (Chanos-chanos Forsskal) with treatment pure papain enzyme concentration and heating time.

Study Design: The experimental design used was a factorial complete randomized design, namely factor A = hydrolysis with the use of pure papain enzymes and factor B was heating time using a temperature of 60oC, each treatment was repeated 3 times.

Place and Duration of Study: Research was carried out from September 2018 to July 2019, Agroindustry Workshop, and Chemical Laboratory, Department of Fishery Product Processing Technology, Pangkep State Agricultural of Polytechnic, Physics Laboratory, Science Center, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Chemistry Laboratory, Makassar State Islamic University, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory MIPA Lampung State University.

Methodology: Milkfish bones were added with distilled water and pure papain enzyme at pH 8 with a concentration of 4%, 6% and 8%, degraded by heating at 60°C for 6, 8, and 10 hours after extraction, result were then dried in oven at 50°C. After drying, it ground with a bone crusher. The flour was analyzed, namely: physical tests including yield, whiteness degree, proximate test including moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, calcium, phosphorus, functional groups using FTIR, crystallinity using XRD, morphology using SEM/EDS.

Results: The results of the analysis of the concentration of pure papain enzyme 8% with a heating time of 10 hours gave the best result, obtained 3.24% moisture content, 83.28% ash content, 10.28% protein, 3.20% fat, 49.30% calcium, 29.17% phosphorus, 7.16% yield, 88.68% whiteness. FTIR analysis has carboxyl groups (OH-), carbonate groups (CO32-) and phosphate groups (PO43-). These are the main components of hydroxyapatite formation where the phosphate absorption band spectra (PO43-) are at a wave frequency of 403.60 cm-1 with an intensity 36.568% is V3PO43- The crystallinity of calcium phosphate derivatives is 74.53% µm hydroxylapatite, 11.94% tricalcium phosphate µm, 13.53% dicalcium phosphate µm. Morphology of Calcium Phosphate Derivative Compounds using XRD, which showed a degree of crystallinity of 73.04% and a crystal size of 4.717 µm.

Conclusion: The result of the analysis obtained by the combination treatment of pure papain enzyme concentration of 8% with a heating time of 10 hours are the best of the other treatment.
Modern Method of Commercial Embalming of Poisoned Decomposing Carcasses in Nigeria
Authors: Onyejike Darlington Nnamdi , Akukwu Darlington Cyprain , Onyejike Ifeoma Miracle , Okeke Somadina Nnamdi , Agulanna Ambrose Echefulachi
Published: December 2022

Certain poisons speed-up the rate of decomposition of carcasses, and this has become a cause of concern to embalmers because of the difficulty in embalming such carcasses. Therefore, a suitable modern embalming method has been discussed in this study in order to abate, slow and even halt further decomposition of bodies as a result of poisoning. The study was carried out to validate the effectiveness of an embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol and water on early decomposing poisoned bodies. Four domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) were used for this experiment. Animals were sacrificed and allowed to reach the early stage of decomposition before embalmment. Arterial embalming technique was employed which was supplemented by hypodermic embalming technique. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the outcome of embalming and the independent variables such as volume of embalming fluid, humidity, room temperature, atmospheric temperature, and duration of embalming. The visible post embalming changes showed that decomposition was arrested on the eighth day, which was followed by mummification of the animals. The Pearson correlation analysis showed a statistically significant strong positive correlation between outcome of embalming and duration of embalming; a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with volume of embalming fluid; and a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with room temperature. An embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol and water in equal proportion is suitable for arresting early decomposition of poisoned bodies using arterial and hypodermic embalming techniques.
Cardio-Protective Effect of the Leaf Extract of Andrographis paniculata in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Onwubuya E. I. , Oladejo A. A.
Published: December 2022

Background: Nowadays, myocardial infarction has been regarded as one of the chronic diseases with increasing mortality rate worldwide. The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of this chronic disease is gaining wide acceptance globally.

 Materials and Methods: This study was carried out to evaluate the cardio-protective effect of the leaf extract of A. paniculata in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Fresh green leaves of A paniculata were collected from the Faculty of Agriculture farmland, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. The plant was identified and authenticated at the Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University and a voucher specimen was deposited at the herbarium accordingly. The shredded, air-dried sample was then pulverized and weighed. Solvent-solvent (ethanol and water) (7:3) was used for extraction via maceration for 72 hr. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness to obtain the ethanol extract which was used for further bioassay study. The bioactive constituents of the plant extract were quantitatively analyzed by Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The animals were administered with the extract of A. paniculata orally for seven days at a divided dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weights. On the eight day, myocardial infarction was induced through subcutaneous administration of isoproterenol at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day diluted in 2 ml of saline on two consecutive days. Subsequently, the blood pressures were monitored and blood collected for bioassay studies.

Results: The results of the study showed that the leaf extract of A. paniculata was rich in 2,5-Octadecadiynoic acid, methyl ester (28.21%); 1,2,3,5-Cyclohexanetetrol,(1à,2á,3à,5á)- (15.10 %) and 10-12-Pentacosadiynoic acid (13.05%). The findings also showed a significant decrease (p>0.05) in the Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities of the treatment group compared with the untreated control group while the antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione) activities were significantly increased in the treatment group, compared with the untreated control group.

Conclusion: The findings of this work have shown that leaf of A. paniculata was rich in bioactive compounds which could be synthesized to produce plant based products to combat cardiovascular diseases especially myocardial infarction.
Assessment of Genetic Parameters for Yield and Its Associated Traits in Greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Prajapati Shailendra Sagar , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Shrivastava M. K. , Singh Yogendra , Kumar Pratik , Rahangdale Shivangi , Behera Karishma
Published: December 2022

Greengram is India's most significant legume crop, and because there is relatively little genetic variety, increasing productivity demands increased attention in research for the development of superior cultivars. During Kharif 2020-21, an experiment was conducted to the evaluation of the genetic parameters for yield and their associated attributes for thirty-nine Mungbean genotypes. Using a Randomised Block Design (RBD), all genotypes were sown in three replications. The observations on various quantitative characters were recorded, and the genetic parameters, PCV, GCV, heritability(bs), and genetic advance, along with the analysis of variances, were estimated. According to ANOVA, almost all genotypes exhibited significant variances for all characters. The highest GCV and PCV was found to be pod length (cm), number of pods cluster-1, number of primary branches plant-1, biological yield plant-1 as well as seed yield plant-1. The heritability was recorded high for pod length (cm) followed by number of primary branches plant-1, number of pods cluster-1, days to pod initiation, number of seeds pod-1, days to 50% flowering, seed yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1, number of effective pods plant-1. The character’s days to flower initiation, total number of pods plant-1, harvest index and number of clusters plant-1 revealed medium genetic advance. High heritability(bs) coupled high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for pod length (cm), number of branches plant-1, number of pods cluster-1, days to pod initiation, number of seeds pod-1, days to 50% flowering, seed yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and number of effective pods plant-1.
Morphological Diversity of Fungal Strains Responsible for Dessert Banana Rot, Musa Sapientum (Musaceae) Produced in the South Comoe Region on Ivory Coast
Authors: Isaac Foba Foba Stéphane , Ibourahema Coulibaly , Massagna Coulibaly Adja , Ahossi Konan Kouakou
Published: December 2022

Aims: The banana dessert grown in different regions of the world, encounters important difficulties that cause it to lose its marketability especially because of the diseases related to conservation. The objective here is to identify the strains responsible for fungal diseases of bananas when it is stored.

Study Design:  This study was undertaken in order to ensure the competitiveness of the dessert banana from Ivory Coast on the international market which is threatened by the recurrent problem of post-harvest rot.

Place and Duration of Study: Agrovalorisation Laboratory, Agroforestry Training and Research Unit, Université Jean Lorougnon GUEDE Daloa Côte d'Ivoire, between February 2021 and March 2022.

Methodology: The study involved 120 bananas divided into two batches of 10 hands each, one with signs of necrosis and the other with no signs. Banana fragments (crown, epicarp and explant) were deposited on the growing media at several distinct points and slightly embedded in the agar. The resulting colonies were transplanted successively until a pure strain was obtained from a single mushroom colony per petri dish.

Results: A total of 11 different genera were identified from 105 isolates. 57 are from necrotic bananas and 36 from bananas with no signs of necrosis. Fungal strains isolated there are: Trichoderma sp. (15%), Fusarium sp. (1%), Scytalidium sp. (39%), Mucor sp. (1%), Scopulariopsis sp. (1%), Alternaria sp. (4%), Aureobasidium sp. (1%), Aspergillus of the Glaucus group (10%), Cladosporium sp. (2%), Pseudallescheria sp. (6%) and Chrysosporium sp. (20%). No strains of the genus Colletotrichum musea responsible for anthracnose that can develop on both green and ripe fruit have been isolated. However, morphological characterization has not among to identify several other species (12) especially those not sporulating.

Conclusion: This diversity of isolated strains in this work is identical to that most frequently isolated and cited in the literature.
Predicting Forest Fire Danger Using Fuel Characteristics of Forest
Authors: Lim Chan Jin , Chae Heemun
Published: December 2022

The fuel characteristics of a forest are important factors in designing a forest fire danger rating system and must be analyzed to understand forest fire behavior. Therefore, in this study, forest fire intensity was predicted depending on the amount of fuel in the forests in the Yeongdong and Yeongseo regions of Gangwon-do from November 2020 to December 2021. The possibility of forest fire occurrence, from surface fire to crown fire, was analyzed depending on the fuel conditions. Regional differences were found in the amount of fuel and the fuel structure of the surface layer in the forest. The intensity and type of forest fire changed according to these differences. The Yeongdong area is more susceptible to crown fires and more intense of surface fire than the Yeongseo area. These results show the need to prevent early forest fires by learning the characteristics of forests in different regions and analyzing the intensity and type of forest fire predicted.
Characterization of Microstructure in Glass Wool Insulation Using Micro X-ray CT
Authors: Zhuang Li , Yeom Sun , Yeo Inhwan , Cho Kyungsuk
Published: December 2022

We investigate microstructures of three insulation samples made of glass wool fiber with low to high density through X-ray Computed Tomography. Analysis results indicate that the volume fraction of fibers increases linearly with increasing bulk density, and thermal conductivity decreases nonlinearly with increasing volume fraction of fibers. In addition, the insulation samples have nonuniform structures, particularly for the low-density sample, showing that the average local volume fraction of fibers in one layer varies up to two times. The sample with the highest density exhibits a more distinct layered structure than the other two relatively low-density samples.
A Study on the Improvement of Critical Infrastructure Disaster Resources Stockpile System With an Emphasis on Power Plants
Authors: Song Changyoung , Yang Byongsoo
Published: December 2022

As disasters are characterized by uncertainty, complexity, and diversity, it is necessary to secure proactive and systematic preparedness. In particular, disasters occurring in critical infrastructure can lead to casualties and property damage, as well as secondary and tertiary damage. In Korea, there are six power plants, including Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power. These facilities play a crucial role in generating electric power, and the paralysis of power-generating functions due to disasters can cause damage to all industrial and economic areas. Therefore, it is extremely important to minimize the spread of damage by preparing an efficient early response system. This study proposes a method of minimizing damage to important power plants during disasters by improving the system for storing disaster resources, which are crucial for the early response activities of power plants.
Effects of Expansion and Side Chambers on Reduction and Time Delay of Blast Overpressures in Underground Protective Facilities
Authors: Pang Seungki , Shin Jinwon
Published: December 2022

This study presents numerical investigation of blast overpressures on blast-resistant doors by changing the number of side chambers and the number and shape of expansion chambers for an external detonation. Blast overpressures for four types of door and zero to four chambers were simulated. For the original shape of the underground ammunition magazine with side chamters installed, the peak time delay was approximately 40 ms, showing a clear different, whereas the reduction in the maximum value appeared as small as 3 kPa. Reducing the overpressure and delaying peaks using bottleneck devices and side chambers revealed that, because the size of the tunnel with underground ammunition magazines was partially reduced, the effects of the reduction and time delay of blast overpressures were negligible. When expansion chambers with a size 1.1 times the passage width and side chambers were used, the time delay in the peaks and overpressure reduction were observed. When expansion chambers with a size 1.2 times the passage width and side chambers were used, the delay and reduction effects were significant when two or more chambers were installed, and the effect was almost the same as when the size was 1.1 times the passage width.
Investigation of Vertical Stiffness Degradation due to Lateral Deformation of Elastomeric Bearing and Corresponding Impact Factor Variation of Slab Bridge
Authors: Kim Taehyeon , Lee Changseok , Roh Hwasung
Published: December 2022

In the present study, the impact factor variation of a slab bridge supported by laterally deformed laminated bearings was investigated through 3D FE moving load analysis. The neo-Hookean model was adopted for the bearing, and the slab deck was modeled with solid elements. From the analysis results, the bearing vertical stiffness decreased slightly until a lateral deformation ratio of 0.3, which is defined as the ratio of the lateral displacement to the total thickness of the bearing. However, the stiffness decreases above this ratio, showing a 10.87% decrease for a deformation ratio of 0.7. The peak impact factor is almost the same up to a deformation ratio of 0.7. However, a larger deformation ratio leads to a precipitous increase in the impact factor, which is an increase of approximately 10% under the 1.0 ratio, which is the maximum deformation ratio considered in this study.
Microzonation of Sejong City Area Based on Site Amplification Generated by Pohang-Type Seismic Waves
Authors: Oh HyunJu , Lee JunSung , Park HyungChoon
Published: December 2022

When an earthquake occurs, the behavior of the ground is significantly influenced by the seismic wave characteristics (waveform) and soil layer conditions. In local and international seismic design standards, it is recommended that the input seismic wave should correspond to the design response spectrum and reflect the fault characteristics. In this study, ground response analysis was performed to satisfy the seismic design standards using modified design seismic waves generated by the Pohang seismic waves measured at the bedrock location. The peak ground acceleration, ground amplification ratio, and natural period of Sejong-si for Pohang-type seismic waves were determined using the Sejong-si 120 site exploration results. From a plotted risk map, a map of floors that could experience relatively large seismic loads during an earthquake was determined. Based on the risk map plotted in this study, it is possible to prepare for earthquake damage in advance by identifying the degree of seismic damage to a structure when an earthquake occurs and selecting the building inspection or seismic reinforcement priority.
Development of an Analysis Model for Storm Sewer Networks Based on Grid Units
Authors: Yu Da Hae , Choi Gyung Min , Lee Jung Ho , Lee Jung Min
Published: December 2022

The Storm Water Management Model (SWWM), used for the analysis of storm sewer networks in urban areas, enables precise analysis of watershed runoff, hydraulic analysis and backwater effect in conduits, and so forth. However, it requires the specialized knowledge in parameter extraction, sewer network configuration, and analytical operation, it is somewhat difficult to access at the general engineering companies. Therefore, this study developed a grid-based simplified analysis model that is more convenient in terms of schematic design and feasibility review of storm sewer networks. This model can be used to analyze surface runoff, storm sewer network, and stormwater storage connection configuration at the grid unit, and it uses simplified formulas for basic runoff analysis and storm sewer network flow and storage analysis. In addition, this model can review the rough effects of stormwater storage and various infiltration facilities that can be linked to existing storm sewer network through size calculation of grid units. The developed model was applied to the storm sewer network in the coastal area of Gwangalli, Busan, and our results were compared with the results of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) SWMM. Similar results were obtained in terms of surface runoff and runoff within the storm sewer network, but there were some differences in the amount of storage and overflow. However, results were similar in the occurrence nodes and trends of overflow, and accordingly, it is expected to be useful for the purpose of this model and for simple feasibility studies of various design proposals and rough analysis results.
Development and Application of An Integrated Urban Water Cycle System by Combining Water Cycle Elements
Authors: Chung Gunhui , Ohk Won Soo , Yoo Do Guen , Kim Geuktae , Jeon Hwandon
Published: December 2022

Smart city in water resources area attempts are being made by establishing an integrated urban water cycle model for a stable water supply and efficient water management in the city. Accordingly, the need for simulation and integrated management of water consumption in cities is increasing. If it is possible to predict and respond in advance to consumers' water consumption, more efficient urban water resource management will be possible based on river intake. Therefore, in this study, an integrated urban water cycle model was constructed that links river intake, water purification plants, retention tanks, water distribution, sewage pipe networks, sewage treatment plants, and river discharge of treated water. It was developed using C++, and was built by linking the modules of the water intake pump station, retention tank, water purification plant, sewage treatment plant, water supply pipe network, and the sewage pipe network. Among them, the water intake pumping station and retention tank were developed independently, and the other modules were linked with commercial software such as WaterFlow, MassFlow, EPANET, and SWMM. The model measures data such as water quality factors and flow rates for each module, displays the operation status, and enables linkage for each module, even when the measurement time interval is different. In addition, warnings and error messages were generated when a problem occurred during the operation of each module. To verify the applicability of the developed integrated model, the change in the water level of the retention tank was calculated by simulating consumer water consumption. As a result, it was confirmed that the water level change in the retention tank was proper, which meant that the operation changed from the intake pumping station. The developed model is expected to be used as an integrated urban water cycle model in the future.
Evaluating the Impacts of Heatwave Influencing Factors on Heat-related Illness Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Suh Han-Byul , Song Juil , Oh Soo Hun
Published: December 2022

Heatwaves are natural disasters that cause most human casualties. Owing to the influence of climate change, the frequency and intensity of heatwaves have increased, causing considerable damage in Korea. Even at the same temperature, the heatwave can exhibit different damage patterns depending on environmental and socioeconomic factors. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the influencing factors of heatwaves for effective preparation and response. In this study, partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to quantitatively analyze the direct and indirect effects of heat-related variables on heat-related illnesses. Both the reflective measurement and structural models met the evaluation criteria. In addition, it was confirmed that the economy and urbanization acted as influencing factors of -0.385 and -0.623 on the vulnerable group, respectively, and the vulnerable group had a value of 0.534 for heat-related illness. This study helped comprehensively understand the relationship between heatwave-influencing factors and heat-related illnesses. This study method can be used to investigate the causal relationships among various factors in terms of preparing for and responding to heatwave damage.
Experimental Investigation of Settling Velocity of Spherical Microplastic Particles
Authors: Jung Sung Hyun , Seo Il Won , Park Sunku , Lee Hyoyoung , Kim Byunguk
Published: December 2022

Research on the effects of microplastics on water environments is being widely conducted because the discharge of microplastics into the ocean and freshwater systems is rapidly increasing. For the numerical simulation of the transport and diffusion of microplastics introduced into water systems and evaluation of the ecological impacts, the settling velocities of microplastics must be investigated first. The settling behavior of microplastics has been commonly assumed to be similar to that of sediment particles, but this has not been sufficiently verified for various types of microplastic. In this study, a laboratory experiment was performed to measure the settling velocities of spherical microplastic particles in freshwater using a particle tracking technique, and a new calibration coefficient of the settling velocity was proposed based on the experimental data. The experimental results showed a clear linear relationship between the settling velocity and dimensionless particle diameter in the laminar flow region, as suggested by Stokes' law. However, the settling velocities in the transition region had a nonlinear relationship, which was also clearly demonstrated in the relationship between the drag coefficient and the particle Reynolds number. The evaluation of the existing equations for settling velocity showed that previous empirical equations based on experiments on sediment particles produced relative errors of 20% or more. However, the proposed calibration coefficient provided a more accurate prediction of the settling velocities of microplastic particles than the existing empirical equations based on sediment studies.
Analysis of Disaster Resilience Index using Regional Flood Damage Characteristics
Authors: Seo Segyo , Jang Saewoom , Jung Juchul
Published: December 2022

Due to climate change and urban expansion, Seoul and Pohang have suffered unprecedented floods, and 30% of Pakistan's land has been inundated. As the locations and types of abnormal climates have diversified, the concept of resilience, which acknowledges the uncertainty of disaster prediction and encompasses the entire process from pre-disaster to recovery, has emerged as a new paradigm for disaster prevention. However, to use the concept of resilience for disaster prevention in cities, resilience should be measured first; however, research on measuring resilience remains a challenge. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for measuring resilience using resilience indicators. Nineteen indicators were classified into four dimensions, and a regional resilience index was derived using the entropy weighting method. The relationship between resilience and flood damage based on rainfall intensity was then analyzed.
Analysis of the Method for Enhancing Safety by Predicting and Comparing Damage Ranges Due Owing to Chemical Leakages
Authors: Hwang Woonyong
Published: December 2022

To predict the extent of damage caused by leakages at a place where chemicals are wholesaled, four of the most commonly stored substances in the corresponding place were selected. Leakage volumes were increased by 50 ㎘, and methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, and methyl ethyl ketone were confirmed by increasing the leakage volume to 100 ㎘ and to 160 ㎘ for toluene. A total of 92 scenarios were created by applying the region’s average temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and humidity over the last 10 years to confirm each substance’s diffusion distance. The prepared scenario was analyzed by applying ALOHA air dispersion models. Regarding toxicity, criteria were analyzed based on each substance’s PAC-1, PAC-2, and PAC-3 concentration, and a fire occurrence possibility range was used to maintain the concentration of the lower flammable limit. Under normal conditions, in the case of the same amount of leakage, the concentration of the lower flammable limit and PAC-1 was maintained farthest from toluene, but the danger distance of methyl alcohol was farther in PAC-2 and PAC-3. Results showed that the diffusion distance increases the log function with the amount of leakage. However, owing to the substances’ toxicity and physical characteristics, the PAC levels of some substances showed non-uniform results. In addition, diffusion widths differed for each substance. Therefore, to prescribe countermeasures for chemical leakages in storage locations, all substances being stored must be checked. Disaster prevention measures must also be established by considering not only diffusion distances of the substances but also their diffusion widths.
Association of Biologic Treatment in Hidradenitis Suppurativa With Reduced Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio
Authors: Kearney Niamh , McCourt Collette , Hambly Roisin , Hughes Rosalind , O’Kane Donal , Kirby Brian
Published: December 2022

This cohort study assesses whether an association exists between biologic treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio.
Sociodemographic Comparison of Children With High-risk Medical Conditions Referred vs Identified Through Screening Plus Outreach for COVID-19 Therapeutics
Authors: Parzen-Johnson Simon , Sun Shan , Patel Ami B. , Scardina Tonya L. , Shah Seema K. , Patel Sameer J.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Minoritized groups are less likely to receive COVID-19 therapeutics, but few studies have identified potential methods to reduce disparities.

Objective

To determine whether screening plus outreach, when compared with referral alone, increases identification of vulnerable pediatric patients at high risk for severe disease eligible for COVID-19 therapeutics from low-resourced communities.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 medication allocation between January 1, 2022, and February 15, 2022, at Lurie Children’s Hospital, a quaternary care children’s hospital, in Chicago, Illinois. The cohorts were pediatric patients referred for COVID-19 therapeutics or with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction within the hospital system followed by outreach. Screening involved daily review of positive cases of SARS-CoV-2, followed by medical record review for high-risk conditions, and communication with clinicians and/or patients and families to offer therapy.

Exposures

Diagnosis of COVID-19.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary measure was difference in child opportunity index (COI) scores between the 2 cohorts. Secondary measures included presence and duration of symptoms at diagnosis, medication uptake, race and ethnicity, insurance type, qualifying medical condition, sex, primary language, and age.

Results

Of 145 total patients, the median (IQR) age was 15 (13-17) years, and most were male (87 participants [60.0%]), enrolled in public insurance (83 participants [57.2%]), and members of minoritized racial and ethnic groups (103 participants [71.0%]). The most common qualifying conditions were asthma and/or obesity (71 participants [49.0%]). From 9869 SARS-CoV-2 tests performed, 94 eligible patients were identified via screening for COVID-19 therapeutics. Fifty-one patients were identified via referral. Thirty-two patients received medication, of whom 8 (25%) were identified by screening plus outreach alone. Compared with referred patients, patients in the screening plus outreach group were more likely to have moderate, low, or very low COI composite scores (70 patients [74.5%] vs 27 patients [52.9%]); public insurance (65 patients [69.1%] vs 18 patients [35.3%]); and asthma or obesity (60 patients [63.8%] vs 11 patients [21.6%]). Patients in the referral group were more likely to be non-Hispanic White (23 patients [45.1%] vs 19 patients [20.2%]) and receive medication (24 patients [47.1%] vs 8 patients [8.5%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

Compared with referral patients, screening plus outreach patients for COVID-19 medications were more socially vulnerable, with lower COI scores, and more likely to have asthma or obesity. Future studies should investigate communication strategies to improve uptake of these medications after outreach.