bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of naloxegol on symptoms and quality of life related to opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer: a 3-month follow-up analysis
Authors: Cobo Dols Manuel , Beato Zambrano Carmen , Cabezón Gutiérrez Luis , Chicas Sett Rodolfo , Blancas López-Barajas María Isabel , García Navalón Francisco , Fírvida Pérez José Luis , Serrano Bermúdez Gala , Togores Torres Pilar , Delgado Mingorance Ignacio , Giraldo Marín Alexandra , Librán Oriol Anna , Paredes Lario Alfredo , Sánchez Mauriño Pedro , Higuera Gómez Oliver , Moreno Muñoz Diana , Jiménez López Antonio Javier , Huerta González Ibone , Sanz Yagüe Almudena , Soler López Begoña
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) can affect up to 63% of all patients with cancer. The objectives of this study were to assess quality of life as well as efficacy and safety of naloxegol, in patients with cancer with OIC.

Methods

An observational study was made of a cohort of patients with cancer and with OIC exhibiting an inadequate response to laxatives and treated with naloxegol. The sample consisted of adult outpatients with a Karnofsky performance status score ≥50. The Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAC-QOL) and the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) were applied for 3 months.

Results

A total of 126 patients (58.2% males) with a mean age of 61.3 years (range 34–89) were included. Clinically relevant improvements (>0.5 points) were recorded in the PAC-QOL and PAC-SYM questionnaires (p<0.0001) from 15 days of treatment. The number of days a week with complete spontaneous bowel movements increased significantly (p<0.0001) from 2.4 to 4.6 on day 15, 4.7 after 1 month and 5 after 3 months. Pain control significantly improved (p<0.0001) during follow-up. A total of 13.5% of the patients (17/126) presented some gastrointestinal adverse reaction, mostly of mild (62.5%) or moderate intensity (25%).

Conclusions

Clinically relevant improvements in OIC-related quality of life, number of bowel movements and constipation-related symptoms were recorded as early as after 15 days of treatment with naloxegol in patients with cancer and OIC, with a good safety profile.
Whole blood transfusion versus component therapy in adult trauma patients with acute major haemorrhage
Authors: Avery Pascale , Morton Sarah , Tucker Harriet , Green Laura , Weaver Anne , Davenport Ross
Published: May 2020

Objective

In the era of damage control resuscitation of trauma patients with acute major haemorrhage, transfusion practice has evolved to blood component (component therapy) administered in a ratio that closely approximates whole blood (WB). However, there is a paucity of evidence supporting the optimal transfusion strategy in these patients. The primary objective was therefore to establish if there is an improvement in survival at 30 days with the use of WB transfusion compared with blood component therapy in adult trauma patients with acute major haemorrhage.

Methodology

A systematic literature search was performed on 15 December 2019 to identify studies comparing WB transfusion with component therapy in adult trauma patients and mortality at 30 days. Studies which did not report mortality were excluded. Methodological quality of included studies was interpreted using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Results

Search of the databases identified 1885 records, and six studies met the inclusion criteria involving 3255 patients. Of the three studies reporting 30-day mortality (one randomised controlled trial (moderate evidence) and two retrospective (low and very low evidence, respectively)), only one study demonstrated a statistically significant difference between WB and component therapy, and two found no statistical difference. Two retrospective studies reporting in-hospital mortality found no statistical difference in unadjusted mortality, but both reported statistically significant logistic regression analyses demonstrating that those with a WB transfusion strategy were less likely to die.

Conclusion

Recognising the limitations of this systematic review relating to the poor-quality evidence and limited number of included trials, it does not provide evidence to support or reject use of WB transfusion compared with component therapy for adult trauma patients with acute major haemorrhage.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019131406.
Health service usage and re-referral rates: comparison of a dietitian-first clinic with a medical specialist-first model of care in a cohort of gastroenterology patients
Authors: Mutsekwa Rumbidzai , Ostrowski Szymon , Canavan Russell , Ball Lauren , Angus Rebecca
Published: May 2020

Background

The dietitian-first gastroenterology clinic (DFGC) is an expanded scope of practice initiative implemented in response to increased gastroenterology specialist demand. This study examined re-referral rates to gastroenterology and overall health service usage up to 24 months post management in DFGC compared with a traditional, gastroenterology specialist-first model.

Methods

Patients discharged from DFGC in the first year were matched with those seen in the traditional model. Demographic, clinical and process-related service characteristics were compared, and logistic regression analysis was undertaken to model re-presentation and model of care (MoC) as the variable of interest considering covariates in univariate analyses. Analyses were performed at 12, 18 and 24 months post discharge.

Results

The DFGC (122 patients) and traditional-model (62 patients) cohorts had similar baseline demographic characteristics. Wait-times (68.6 vs 272.9 days; p<0.001), treatment-times (89.4 vs 259.9 days; p<0.001) and usage of other services (1.4 vs 2.1 specialities; p=0.01) were lower in DFGC. Re-referral rates were low in both DFGC and traditional models at 12 months (0.82% vs 1.61%), 18 months (2.46% vs 6.45%) and 24 months (4.91% vs 8.06%), respectively, with no significant difference between the models at any time point.

Conclusion

Most patients do not re-present for similar conditions within 2 years when managed in the DFGC or traditional medical model. Patients managed in DFGC have lower overall health service usage compared with patients managed in the traditional model. These findings support the safety and effectiveness of a DFGC model as one strategy to manage specialist gastroenterology service demands.
Exclusion versus preservation of the left atrial appendage in rheumatic mitral valve surgery
Authors: Kim Wan Kee , Kim Ho Jin , Kim Joon Bum , Jung Sung Ho , Choo Suk Jung , Chung Cheol Hyun , Lee Jae Won
Published: May 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of left atrial appendage exclusion on clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing rheumatic mitral surgery.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 1226 consecutive patients with AF (54.5±11.6 years; 68.2% females) who underwent rheumatic mitral valve (MV) surgery from 1997 to 2016. The left atrial appendage was preserved in 836 (68.2%) and excluded in 390 (31.8%) patients. Surgical AF ablation was performed in 506 (60.5%) and 304 (77.9%) patients with preserved and excluded left atrial appendage, respectively. For baseline adjustment, propensity matching was used.

Results

During a median follow-up of 63.4 months (IQRs, 20–111 months), there were no significant intergroup differences in the risks of mortality (2.77% vs 3.03%/patient-years) and thromboembolic events (0.91% vs 1.02%/patient-years). In the 258 pairs of propensity-score matched patients, death (2.77% vs 3.03%/patient-years) and thromboembolism (1.36% vs 0.82%/patient-years) outcomes were comparable for both groups. In a subgroup undergoing ablation (n=810), there were no significant differences in the adjusted risks of death (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.32) and thromboembolism (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.18 to 1.26). In a subgroup not undergoing ablation (n=416), however, left atrial appendage preservation tended to have higher adjusted risks for death (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 0.98 to 5.13) and thromboembolism (HR, 4.41; 95% CI, 0.97 to 20.1).

Conclusions

Left atrial appendage preservation did not seem to have greater risks of adverse clinical events in patients with AF undergoing rheumatic MV surgery particularly when ablation procedure is combined.
Clinicopathological and molecular features of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer-associated renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Furuya Mitsuko , Iribe Yasuhiro , Nagashima Yoji , Kambe Naotomo , Ohe Chisato , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Sato Chika , Kishida Takeshi , Okubo Yoichiro , Numakura Kazuyuki , Nanjo Hiroshi , Nakaigawa Noboru , Makiyama Kazuhide , Hasumi Hisashi , Iwashita Hiromichi , Ohta Junichi , Kitamura Hiroshi , Nakajima Takahiko , Yoshida Takahiro , Nakagawa Masahiro , Tanaka Reiko , Yao Masahiro
Published: May 2020

Aims

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations in fumarate hydratase (FH). Affected families have an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). HLRCC-associated RCC (HLRCC-RCC) is highly aggressive. Clinicopathological information of genetically diagnosed patients with HLRCC-RCC contributes to the establishment of effective therapies.

Methods

Ten Japanese patients with HLRCC-RCC were enrolled in the study. Genetic testing forFHwas carried out. Somatic mutations inFHand immunohistochemical analyses of FH and B7 family ligands (PD-L1 and B7-H3) were investigated in 13 tumours. Copy number variations were evaluated in two tumours.

Results

All patients hadFHgermline mutations. Regarding histology, most tumours had type 2 papillary architecture or tubulocystic pattern or both. All tumours were FH deficient by immunohistochemistry. Ten tumours were positive for PD-L1, and 12 tumours were positive for B7-H3. Somatic mutation analysis demonstrated loss of heterozygosity ofFHin 10 tumours. Copy number variation analysis revealed uniparental disomy between 1q24.2 and 1q44 encompassingFH; gain of chromosome 2 p was also common. All patients had either metastases or residual tumours. Three patients died of HLRCC-RCC and one of colon cancer, whereas the other six are currently alive, including two without recurrence.

Conclusions

HLRCC-RCCs appear to have unique molecular profiles, including PD-L1 expression. One patient had complete response to immunotherapy, which may be an option for HLRCC-RCC.
Detection of COX-2 in liquid biopsy in patients with breast cancer
Authors: de Souza Camilla Paulla , Alves Beatriz , Waisberg Jaques , Fonseca Fernando , Carmo Alipio de Oliveira , Gehrke Flavia
Published: May 2020

Aims

To determine the expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene in patients with breast cancer attended at the Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (CUS-ABC/FMABC) outpatient clinic. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. More than two million new cases are reported annually. An overexpression ofCOX-2has been observed in many cancers.COX-2is related to parameters of cancer aggressiveness, including tumour size, positive nodal state and lower survival, and to angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis.

Methods

15 mL of peripheral blood was obtained from 34 patients and 21 healthy women. The extracellular RNA of QIAamp RNA was submitted to an RNA sequestration kit for RNA reverse transcriptase. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed usingCOX-2-specific oligonucleotides and the endogenousGlyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenasegene.

Results

The mean remission time was 53 years. The mean progression time was 33 months. The difference observed between the patient and control groups in medianCOX-2expression (p<0.001) was significant.

Conclusions

Patients with breast cancer showed a higher meanCOX-2expression in peripheral blood samples at diagnosis than the control group. Since this information could prove important in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer, further research is required on larger patient samples.
15q11.2 deletion is enriched in patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Li Xiaoliang , Shi Guocheng , Li Yang , Zhang Xiaoqing , Xiang Ying , Wang Teng , Li Yanxin , Chen Huiwen , Fu Qihua , Zhang Hong , Wang Bo
Published: May 2020

Introduction

CNV is a vital pathogenic factor of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, few CNVs have been reported for total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC), which is a rare form of CHD. Using case-control study, we identified 15q11.2 deletion associated with TAPVC. We then used a TAPVC trio as model to reveal possible molecular basis of 15q11.2 microdeletion.

Methods

CNVplex and Chromosomal Microarray were used to identify and validate CNVs in samples from 231 TAPVC cases and 200 healthy controls from Shanghai Children’s Medical Center. In vitro cardiomyocyte differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells for a TAPVC trio with paternal inherited 15q11.2 deletion was performed to characterise the effect of the deletion on cardiomyocyte differentiation and gene expression.

Results

The 15q11.2 microdeletion was significantly enriched in patients with TAPVC compared with healthy control (13/231 in patients vs 0/200 in controls, p=5.872×10−2, Bonferroni adjusted) using Fisher’s exact test. Induced pluripotent stem cells from the proband could not differentiate into normal cardiomyocyte. Transcriptomic analysis identified a number of differentially expressed genes in the 15q11.2 deletion carriers of the family. TAPVC disease-causing genes such asPITX2,NKX2-5andANKRD1showed significantly higher expression in the proband compared with her healthy mother. Knockdown of TUBGCP5 could lead to abnormal cardiomyocyte differentiation.

Conclusion

We discovered that the 15q11.2 deletion is significantly associated with TAPVC. Gene expression profile that might arise from 15q11.2 deletion for a TAPVC family was characterised using cell experiments.
Leadership development in undergraduate medical education: evaluation of students’ perceptions of a student-selected leadership module
Authors: Chapman Ann LN , Christie Ross , Lamont Ross , Lewandowska Marta , Tong Luan , Tsim Fiona , Abul Mohammad , Mackie Helen
Published: May 2020

Background

There is increasing recognition of the importance of leadership development within undergraduate medical training. One method of doing this is through student-selected components (SSCs), optional modules that allow students to explore an area in greater depth than in the core curriculum. An SSC in medical leadership has been offered at the University of Glasgow since 2015. We evaluated students’ perceptions of this SSC.

Methods

Students are required to submit a written reflective report on the SSC. These were analysed thematically to determine students’ lived experience. Respondent validation and independent anonymised feedback to the university were used for triangulation.

Results

Students reported that the SSC allowed them to experience aspects of healthcare not encountered elsewhere in their training. Three themes were derived from the analysis, relating to SSC structure, areas of learning and personal development/impact. Students recognised that leadership development is important within the curriculum and felt that it should be available to all medical students.

Conclusion

This evaluation of students’ perceptions of a leadership SSC identified characteristics of the module that were felt by students to be valuable in leadership development and will support development of similar leadership modules at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Public interest in health data research: laying out the conceptual groundwork
Authors: Ballantyne Angela , Schaefer G Owen
Published: May 2020

The future of health research will be characterised by three continuing trends: rising demand for health data; increasing impracticability of obtaining specific consent for secondary research; and decreasing capacity to effectively anonymise data. In this context, governments, clinicians and the research community must demonstrate that they can be responsible stewards of health data. IRBs and RECs sit at heart of this process because in many jurisdictions they have the capacity to grant consent waivers when research is judged to be of particular value. However, several different terms are used to refer to this value (including public interest, public benefit, public good and social value), indicating a lack of conceptual clarity regarding the appropriate test for access to health data for research without consent. In this paper we do three things. First we describe the current confusion and instability in terminology relating to public interest in the context of consent waivers. Second we argue for harmonisation of terminology on the grounds of clarity, transparency and consistency. Third we argue that the term ‘public interest’ best reflects the normative work required to justify consent waivers because it is the broadest of the competing terms. ‘Public interest’ contains within its scope positive and negative implications of a study, as well as welfare, justice and rights considerations. In making this argument, we explain the normative basis for consent waivers, and provide a starting place for further discussion about the precise conditions in which a given study can be said to advance the public interest. Ipsos MORI study found that: … the public would be broadly happy with administrative data linking for research projects provided (1) Those projects have social value, broadly defined. (2) Data are de-identified. (3) Data are kept secure. (4) Businesses are not able to access the data for profit.
Development of a novel magnetic particle-based agglutination immunoassay for anticardiolipin antibody detection in syphilis
Authors: Shukla Mayur R , Deutsch John W , Pereira Lara E , Kersh Ellen N , Fakile Yetunde F
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Serological tests of non-treponemal and treponemal types are the most frequently used for syphilis diagnosis. Treponemal tests are available in wide variety of assay formats; however, limited advances have been made for the improvement of conventional non-treponemal tests. The objective of this work was to develop a novel non-treponemal magnetic particle-based agglutination assay (NT-MAA) and evaluate its feasibility for syphilis testing.

Methods

Cardiolipin was modified and coupled to magnetic microbeads. Serum diluted in phosphate-buffered saline was mixed with cardiolipin-coupled beads and incubated in a round bottom microplate for 90–120 min followed by visual inspection. A panel of reported syphilis (n=127) and non-reactive (n=244) specimens was prepared to evaluate the NT-MAA performance in comparison to conventional rapid plasma reagin (RPR).
Treponema pallidum
particle agglutination (TP-PA) assay and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were included. Analytical sensitivity and reproducibility of NT-MAA were also determined.

Results

The non-treponemal NT-MAA and RPR showed sensitivity of 90.6% and 88.2% and specificity of 96.7% and 100%, respectively. The treponemal TP-PA and EIA yielded sensitivity of 100% and 99.2%, respectively, and 100% specificity by both assays. The per cent agreement between NT-MAA and RPR was 97% (kappa=0.931, 95% CI 0.891 to 0.971). Analytical sensitivity determined with IgM anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) was 2.6 µg/mL for both NT-MAA and RPR, while IgG ACA yielded 0.9 µg/mL and 1.7 µg/mL for NT-MAA and RPR, respectively. Qualitative results of intra-assay and interassay reproducibility revealed 100% consistency for NT-MAA.

Conclusion

Preliminary evaluation of the novel NT-MAA validated proof of concept using laboratory-characterised syphilis sera and demonstrated performance comparable to RPR. Further validation of NT-MAA using additional specimens with better clinical staging may broaden the scope of developed test for syphilis diagnosis.
Frailty after lung transplantation is associated with impaired health-related quality of life and mortality
Authors: Venado Aida , Kolaitis Nicholas A , Huang Chiung-Yu , Gao Ying , Glidden David V , Soong Allison , Sutter Nicole , Katz Patricia P , Greenland John R , Calabrese Daniel R , Hays Steven R , Golden Jeffrey A , Shah Rupal J , Leard Lorriana E , Kukreja Jasleen , Deuse Tobias , Wolters Paul J , Covinsky Kenneth , Blanc Paul D , Singer Jonathan P
Published: May 2020

Background

Lung transplantation and related medications are associated with pathobiological changes that can induce frailty, a state of decreased physiological reserve. Causes of persistent or emergent frailty after lung transplantation, and whether such transplant-related frailty is associated with key outcomes, are unknown.

Methods

Frailty and health-related quality of life (HRQL) were prospectively measured repeatedly for up to 3 years after lung transplantation. Frailty, quantified by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), was tested as a time-dependent binary and continuous predictor. The association of transplant-related frailty with HRQL and mortality was evaluated using mixed effects and Cox regression models, respectively, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, diagnosis, and for body mass index and lung function as time-dependent covariates. We tested the association between measures of body composition, malnutrition, renal dysfunction and immunosuppressants on the development of frailty using mixed effects models with time-dependent predictors and lagged frailty outcomes.

Results

Among 259 adults (56% male; mean age 55.9±12.3 years), transplant-related frailty was associated with lower HRQL. Frailty was also associated with a 2.5-fold higher mortality risk (HR 2.51; 95% CI 1.21 to 5.23). Further, each 1-point worsening in SPPB was associated, on average, with a 13% higher mortality risk (HR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.23). Secondarily, we found that sarcopenia, underweight and obesity, malnutrition, and renal dysfunction were associated with the development of frailty after transplant.

Conclusions

Transplant-related frailty is associated with lower HRQL and higher mortality in lung recipients. Abnormal body composition, malnutrition and renal dysfunction may contribute to the development of frailty after transplant. Confirming the role of these potential contributors and developing interventions to mitigate frailty may improve lung transplant success.
Initial testing of a cage mill with an incorporated blade system on volunteer canola
Authors: Tidemann Breanne D. , Kubota Hiroshi , Reid Patty , Zuidhof Jennifer
Published: May 2020

The Redekop Seed Control Unit™ is an integrated reversible cage mill with a blade system added, but the effects of this addition on harvest weed seed control efficacy and chaff flow are not known. Volunteer canola control when processed by a cage mill with either eight fan blades or four fan blades plus four cutting blades at 5 and 10 Mg h−1 was tested. Blade configuration in combination with chaff feeding rate did not affect volunteer canola control, which remained above 99%. If the blade system allows for reduced energy requirements, it will be a useful development in integrated mill systems.
Evaluation of simulated hail damage on seed yield and agronomic traits in canola (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Vollmer Jonathan , Johnson Burton L. , Deckard Edward L. , Rahman Mukhlesur
Published: May 2020

Natural hail can cause significant damage on seed yield and yield contributing traits of canola (Brassica napus L.). Hail damage can be assessed by (i) type of damage such as stand reduction, stem cut-off, and leaf defoliation, (ii) level of damage, and (iii) plant growth stage. In this research, a simulated hail study was performed by applying nonuniform stand reduction treatments on canola grown in North Dakota, USA, over 5 site-years, in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was a randomized complete block design 4 × 5 factorial arrangement with four growth stages, rosette, bolting, 50%, and 90% flowering, when five stand reduction treatments were applied at 0 (control), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90%. Growth stage and stand reduction were significant for seed yield where yield decreased as stage of treatment progressed and level of stand reduction increased. Regression equations were developed to estimate the seed yield reduction at each growth stage as stand reduction increased. Stand reduction also affected other traits where plant height was reduced as stand reduction increased, whereas 1000-seed weight, primary branches plant−1, secondary branches plant−1, pods plant−1, seed yield plant−1, plant biomass plant−1, and harvest index plant−1 increased as stand reduction increased. As growth stage progressed the number of primary branches plant−1, secondary branches plant−1, pods plant−1, and harvest index plant−1 decreased, whereas 1000-seed weight increased. The findings of differential yield losses by stand reduction will help producers and crop adjusters to assess the severity of hail damage in canola.
Scalegenesis and fermionic dark matters in the flatland scenario
Authors: Hamada Yu , Tsumura Koji , Yamada Masatoshi
Published: May 2020

We propose an extension of the standard model with Majorana-type fermionic dark matters based on the flatland scenario where all scalar coupling constants, including scalar mass terms, vanish at the Planck scale, i.e. the scalar potential is flat above the Planck scale. This scenario could be compatible with the asymptotic safety paradigm for quantum gravity. We search the parameter space so that the model reproduces the observed values such as the Higgs mass, the electroweak vacuum and the relic abundance of dark matter. We also investigate the spin-independent elastic cross section for the Majorana fermions and a nucleon. It is shown that the Majorana fermions as dark matter candidates could be tested by dark matter direct detection experiments such as XENON, LUX and PandaX-II. We demonstrate that within the minimal setup compatible with the flatland scenario at the Planck scale or asymptotically safe quantum gravity, the extended model could have a strong predictability.
Five-dimensional scale-dependent black holes with constant curvature and Solv horizons
Authors: Contreras Ernesto , Rincón Ángel , Bargueño Pedro
Published: May 2020

In this work, we investigate five-dimensional scale-dependent black hole solutions by modelling their event horizon with some of the eight Thurston three-dimensional geometries. Specifically, we construct constant curvature scale-dependent black holes and also the more exotic scale-dependent Solv black hole. These new solutions are obtained by promoting both the gravitational and the cosmological couplings to r-dependent functions, in light of a particular description of the effective action inspired by the high energy philosophy. Interestingly, the so-called running parameter, together with the topology of the event horizon, control the asymptotic structure of the solutions found. Finally, differences in both the entropy and the temperature between the classical and the scale-dependent Solv black hole are briefly commented.
Revisiting the $$\Omega (2012)$$ as a hadronic molecule and its strong decays
Authors: Lu Jun-Xu , Zeng Chun-Hua , Wang En , Xie Ju-Jun , Geng Li-Sheng
Published: May 2020

Recently, the Belle collaboration measured the ratios of the branching fractions of the newly observed $$\Omega (2012)$$Ω(2012) excited state. They did not observe significant signals for the $$\Omega (2012) \rightarrow {\bar{K}} \Xi ^*(1530) \rightarrow {\bar{K}} \pi \Xi $$Ω(2012)→K¯Ξ∗(1530)→K¯πΞ decay, and reported an upper limit for the ratio of the three body decay to the two body decay mode of $$\Omega (2012) \rightarrow {\bar{K}} \Xi $$Ω(2012)→K¯Ξ. In this work, we revisit the newly observed $$\Omega (2012)$$Ω(2012) from the molecular perspective where this resonance appears to be a dynamically generated state with spin-parity $$3/2^-$$3/2- from the coupled channels interactions of the $${\bar{K}} \Xi ^*(1530)$$K¯Ξ∗(1530) and $$\eta \Omega $$ηΩ in s-wave and $${\bar{K}} \Xi $$K¯Ξ in d-wave. With the model parameters for the d-wave interaction, we show that the ratio of these decay fractions reported recently by the Belle collaboration can be easily accommodated.
Relativistic anisotropic fluid spheres satisfying a non-linear equation of state
Authors: Tello-Ortiz Francisco , Malaver M. , Rincón Ángel , Gomez-Leyton Y.
Published: May 2020

In this work, a spherically symmetric and static relativistic anisotropic fluid sphere solution of the Einstein field equations is provided. To build this particular model, we have imposed metric potential $$e^{2\lambda (r)}$$e2λ(r) and an equation of state. Specifically, the so-called modified generalized Chaplygin equation of state with $$\omega =1$$ω=1 and depending on two parameters, namely, A and B. These ingredients close the problem, at least mathematically. However, to check the feasibility of the model, a complete physical analysis has been performed. Thus, we analyze the obtained geometry and the main physical observables, such as the density $$\rho $$ρ, the radial $$p_{r}$$pr, and tangential $$p_{t}$$pt pressures as well as the anisotropy factor $$\Delta $$Δ. Besides, the stability of the system has been checked by means of the velocities of the pressure waves and the relativistic adiabatic index. It is found that the configuration is stable in considering the adiabatic index criteria and is under hydrostatic balance. Finally, to mimic a realistic compact object, we have imposed the radius to be $$R=9.5\ [km]$$R=9.5[km]. With this information and taking different values of the parameter A the total mass of the object has been determined. The resulting numerical values for the principal variables of the model established that the structure could represent a quark (strange) star mixed with dark energy.
Connecting the exterior gravitational field with the energy–momentum tensor of axially symmetric compact objects
Authors: Hernández-Pastora J. L.
Published: May 2020

A method to construct interior axially symmetric metrics that appropriately match with any vacuum solution of the Weyl family is developed in Hernández-Pastora et al. (Class Quantum Gravity 33:235005, 2016). It was shown, for the case of some vacuum solutions, that the simplest solution for the interior metric leads to sources with well-behaved energy conditions. Now, we integrate the field equations to obtain the interior metric functions in terms of the anisotropies and pressures of the source. As well, the compatible equations of state for these global models are calculated. The interior metric and the suitable energy–momentum tensor describing the source are constructed in terms of the exterior metric functions. At the boundary of the compact object, the behaviour of a pressure $$T_m$$Tm, defined from the energy–momentum tensor, is shown to be related with the exterior gravitational field. This fact allows us to explore the differences arising at the matter distribution when the spherical symmetry of the global metric is dropped. Finally, an equation derived from the matching conditions is obtained which allows us to calculate the Weyl coefficients of the exterior metric as source integrals. Hence the Relativistic Multipole Moments of the global model can be expressed in terms of the matter distribution of the source.
Canonical quantization of constants of motion
Authors: Belmonte Fabián
Published: May 2020

We develop a quantization method, that we name decomposable Weyl quantization, which ensures that the constants of motion of a prescribed finite set of Hamiltonians are preserved by the quantization.

Our method is based on a structural analogy between the notions of reduction of the classical phase space and diagonalization of selfadjoint operators. We obtain the spectral decomposition of the emerging quantum constants of motion directly from the quantization process.

If a specific quantization is given, we expect that it preserves constants of motion exactly when it coincides with decomposable Weyl quantization on the algebra of constants of motion. We obtain a characterization of when such property holds in terms of the Wigner transforms involved. We also explain how our construction can be applied to spectral theory.

Moreover, we discuss how our method opens up new perspectives in formal deformation quantization and geometric quantization.
Outside-in box covering method and information dimension of Sierpinski networks
Authors: Niu Min , Li Ruixia
Published: May 2020

Self-similarity is a significant property for complex networks. Box coverage method and dimension calculation are vital tools to study the characteristic of complex networks. In this paper, we propose an outside-in (OSI) box covering method for the Sierpinski networks, and it is attested that this coverage algorithm is superior to CBB algorithm. In addition, we deduce the optimal box recurrence formula of weighted and unweighted networks theoretically, and the result is the same as that of the algorithm value. We also obtain the information dimension of weighted network, which verifies the validity and feasibility of our method.
Convex Quadrangulations of Bichromatic Point Sets
Authors: Pilz Alexander , Seara Carlos
Published: May 2020

We consider quadrangulations of red and blue points in the plane where each face is convex and no edge connects two points of the same color. In particular, we show that the following problem is NP-hard: Given a finite set [Formula: see text] of points with each point either red or blue, does there exist a convex quadrangulation of [Formula: see text] in such a way that the predefined colors give a valid vertex 2-coloring of the quadrangulation? We consider this as a step towards solving the corresponding long-standing open problem on monochromatic point sets.
A Bound on a Convexity Measure for Point Sets
Authors: Rorabaugh Danny
Published: May 2020

A planar point set is in convex position precisely when it has a convex polygonization, that is, a polygonization with maximum interior angle measure at most [Formula: see text]. We can thus talk about the convexity of a set of points in terms of its min-max interior angle measure. The main result presented here is a nontrivial upper bound of the min-max value in terms of the number of points in the set. Motivated by a particular construction, we also pose a natural conjecture for the best upper bound.
NEW GENERALIZATIONS IN THE SENSE OF THE WEIGHTED NON-SINGULAR FRACTIONAL INTEGRAL OPERATOR
Authors: RASHID SAIMA , HAMMOUCH ZAKIA , BALEANU DUMITRU , CHU YU-MING
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we propose a new fractional operator which is based on the weight function for Atangana–Baleanu [Formula: see text]-fractional operators. A motivating characteristic is the generalization of classical variants within the weighted [Formula: see text]-fractional integral. We aim to establish Minkowski and reverse Hölder inequalities by employing weighted [Formula: see text]-fractional integral. The consequences demonstrate that the obtained technique is well-organized and appropriate.
A NOVEL FRACTAL MODEL FOR ESTIMATING PERMEABILITY IN LOW-PERMEABLE SANDSTONE RESERVOIRS
Authors: DONG SHUNING , XU LULU , DAI ZHENXUE , XU BIN , YU QINGYANG , YIN SHANGXIAN , ZHANG XIAOYING , ZHANG CHANGSONG , ZANG XUEKE , ZHOU XIAOBING , ZHANG ZHIEN
Published: May 2020

Permeability is one of the most important parameters for accurately predicting water flow in reservoirs and quantifying underground water inrush into coal mines. This study developed a predictive permeability model by considering the microstructural parameters and tortuosity effects of low-permeability sandstone. The model incorporates the fractal geometry theory, Darcy’s law, and Poiseuille equation into a multistep inversion framework for systematic interpretation of sandstone scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. A threshold segmentation algorithm is applied to transform SEM images into binary images. Then, we used an improved statistical algorithm with binary image data to estimate the geometric parameters of each pore, such as the perimeter and area. The fractal parameters of pore microstructure were determined by fitting the data of pore perimeters and areas. Finally, the effects of tortuosity on microscopic percolation were considered, and a conventional model was modified for quantifying the relationship between microscopic pore structures parameters and macroscopic permeability. Eight groups of sandstone samples from the Xingdong coal mine in North China were collected for estimating permeability by the developed inversion framework. A direct permeability measurement was also conducted on each sample with an AP-608 automatic measuring instrument. The measured permeability values were compared with results from theoretical models, and we found that the accuracy of the newly developed predictive model is better than that of a conventional permeability model. The predictive model developed in this study provides a useful tool for estimating permeability in low-permeable sandstone reservoirs.
APPLICATION OF FRACTAL DIMENSION OF FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN MOTION TO SUPPLY CHAIN FINANCING AND OPERATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE DECISION-MAKING
Authors: ZHAO WEI , MAO ZHIBIN , TAO XINYA
Published: May 2020

For a long time, the mismatch between material flow and capital flow in the supply chain operation management practice is very prominent, which has led to the inefficiency of supply chain operation and hindered the exertion of supply chain’s advantages. In the field of supply chain management theory research, the information completeness in capital market has long been a hypothetical premise, which has led to the separation of corporate financing and operational decision-making research. In addition to production, inventory, procurement, pricing and other strategies in supply chain operations, payment options and credit incentives are also important decisions for both parties, especially for products with long production and sales cycles; different payment methods directly affect corporate capital flows and the enterprise’s long-term development. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous works, this paper analyzed the research status and significance of supply chain financing and operational comprehensive decision-making, expounded the development background, current situation, and future challenges of the fractal dimension of fractional Brownian motion; elaborated the principles and methods of the scaling properties of fractional Brownian motion and the phase space reconstruction of time series, established a financial management analysis model based on the fractal dimension of fractional Brownian motion, performed the analysis of the agglomeration degree, time series and multi-fractal characteristics of supply chain financing, explored the coupling relationship between the comprehensive operational decision-making and Brownian motion’s scaling properties. The final empirical analysis showed that when own funds are sufficient, the production should be carried out with the goal of maximizing profits, and full consideration should be given customer channel stickiness, relative costs of offline and online channel products, and product profitability; the proposed analysis model can achieve the optimal order quantity in supply chain, and reach risk and benefit sharing among financial institutions, retailers, and suppliers by setting the financing interest rate, wholesale price, repurchase price and other parameters, thereby improving supply chain performance. This study results of this paper provided a reference for further researches on the application of fractal dimension of the fractional Brownian motion to the supply chain financing and operational comprehensive decision-making.
MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RL AND RC FRACTIONAL-ORDER CIRCUITS
Authors: SHEIKH NADEEM AHMAD , CHING DENNIS LING CHUAN , ULLAH SAMI , KHAN ILYAS
Published: May 2020

The RL and RC circuits are analyzed in this research paper. The classical model of these circuits is generalized using the modern concept of fractional derivative with Mittag-Leffler function in its kernel. The fractional differential equations are solved for exact solutions using the Laplace transform technique and the inverse transformation. The obtained solutions are plotted and presented in tables to show the effect of resistance, inductance and fractional parameter on current and voltage. Furthermore, the statistical analysis is presented to predict the seasonal of time and other parameters on the current flowing in the circuit. The statistical analysis shows that the variation in current is insignificant with respect to time and is more significant with respect to other parameters.
EXISTENCE OF 3-WEAK SOLUTIONS FOR A NEW CLASS OF AN OVERDETERMINED SYSTEM OF FRACTIONAL PARTIAL INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: BOULAARAS SALAH , GUEFAIFIA RAFIK , ALHARBI ASMA , CHERIF BAHRI
Published: May 2020

The paper deals with the existence of three different weak solutions of [Formula: see text] -Laplacian fractional for an overdetermined nonlinear fractional partial Fredholm–Volterra integro-differential system by using variational methods combined with a critical point theorem due to Bonanno and Marano.
ITERATIVE METHOD APPLIED TO THE FRACTIONAL NONLINEAR SYSTEMS ARISING IN THERMOELASTICITY WITH MITTAG-LEFFLER KERNEL
Authors: GAO WEI , VEERESHA P. , PRAKASHA D. G. , SENEL BILGIN , BASKONUS HACI MEHMET
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we study on the numerical solution of fractional nonlinear system of equations representing the one-dimensional Cauchy problem arising in thermoelasticity. The proposed technique is graceful amalgamations of Laplace transform technique with [Formula: see text]-homotopy analysis scheme and fractional derivative defined with Atangana–Baleanu (AB) operator. The fixed-point hypothesis is considered in order to demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the obtained solution for the proposed fractional order model. In order to illustrate and validate the efficiency of the future technique, we consider three different cases and analyzed the projected model in terms of fractional order. Moreover, the physical behavior of the obtained solution has been captured in terms of plots for diverse fractional order, and the numerical simulation is demonstrated to ensure the exactness. The obtained results elucidate that the proposed scheme is easy to implement, highly methodical as well as accurate to analyze the behavior of coupled nonlinear differential equations of arbitrary order arisen in the connected areas of science and engineering.
DOUBLE-QUASI-WAVELET NUMERICAL METHOD FOR THE VARIABLE-ORDER TIME FRACTIONAL AND RIESZ SPACE FRACTIONAL REACTION–DIFFUSION EQUATION INVOLVING DERIVATIVES IN CAPUTO–FABRIZIO SENSE
Authors: KUMAR SACHIN , PANDEY PRASHANT , GÓMEZ-AGUILAR J. F. , BALEANU D.
Published: May 2020

Our motive in this scientific contribution is to deal with nonlinear reaction–diffusion equation having both space and time variable order. The fractional derivatives which are used are non-singular having exponential kernel. These derivatives are also known as Caputo–Fabrizio derivatives. In our model, time fractional derivative is Caputo type while spatial derivative is variable-order Riesz fractional type. To approximate the variable-order time fractional derivative, we used a difference scheme based upon the Taylor series formula. While approximating the variable order spatial derivatives, we apply the quasi-wavelet-based numerical method. Here, double-quasi-wavelet numerical method is used to investigate this type of model. The discretization of boundary conditions with the help of quasi-wavelet is discussed. We have depicted the efficiency and accuracy of this method by solving the some particular cases of our model. The error tables and graphs clearly show that our method has desired accuracy.
COMPETITIVE LIFE TIME ASSESSMENT OF SrO-ZTA/SrO-ZTA AND CoCrMo/UHMWPE HIP PROSTHESIS BEARINGS
Authors: BASHA SHAIK AKBAR , SARKAR DEBASISH
Published: May 2020

The hip joint envisages the prime load bearing structure among other joints in the human body. Hip joint failure leads to the replacement of the hip joint prosthesis. This research work focuses on the proper selection of bearing couple materials for the hip joint to improve the performance and life. Herein, the stress and deformation of different bearing couple materials are analysed in the perspective of transient dynamic analysis under jogging load cycle. Selective hip joint bearing (femoral head-liner) couples are SS316L on UHMWPE (MoP), CoCrMo on UHMWPE (MoP), Ti6Al4V on SrO-ZTA (MoC), SrO-ZTA on UHMWPE (CoP) and SrO-ZTA on SrO-ZTA (CoC) encountered, respectively. The SrO-ZTA on SrO-ZTA (CoC) bearing couple generates the less Von Mises stress of 180.88 MPa. Load bearing pressure and Archard law predict the wear depth of CoCrMo on UHMWPE (MoP) and SrO-ZTA on SrO-ZTA (CoC) bearing couples are 0.141 mm/year and 0.031 mm/year, respectively. In simultaneous, the theoretical wear volume for CoCrMo on UHMWPE (MoP) and SrO-ZTA on SrO-ZTA (CoC) bearing couples are found as 35.46[Formula: see text]mm3/year and 2.62[Formula: see text]mm3/year, respectively. The wear depth and wear volume are supporting the available clinical retrievals and exist in well acceptable range. Competitive wear analysis data ensures 15 years safe life of SrO-ZTA on SrO-ZTA (CoC) hip prosthesis bearing.
Pippin: A random forest-based method for identifying presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins
Authors: Li Pengyu , Zhang He , Zhao Xuyang , Jia Cangzhi , Li Fuyi , Song Jiangning
Published: May 2020

Presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins are two types of neurotoxins from venomous animals and functionally important molecules in the neurosciences; however, their experimental characterization is difficult, time-consuming, and costly. Therefore, bioinformatics tools that can identify presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins would be very useful for understanding their functions and mechanisms. In this study, we propose Pippin, a novel machine learning-based method that allows users to rapidly and accurately identify these two types of neurotoxins. Pippin was developed using the random forest (RF) algorithm and evaluated based on an up-to-date dataset. A variety of sequence and motif features were combined, and a two-step feature-selection algorithm was employed to characterize the optimal feature subset for presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxin prediction. Extensive benchmark tests illustrate that Pippin significantly improved predictive performance as compared with six other commonly used machine-learning algorithms, including the naïve Bayes classifier, Multinomial Naïve Bayes classifier (MNBC), AdaBoost, Bagging, [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbors, and XGBoost. Additionally, we developed an online webserver for Pippin to facilitate public use. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first webserver for presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxin prediction.