bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
User Interface Consistency Experience in Composite Cross-device Interaction
Authors: Zhang Jiahe , Xiang Yuan
Published: June 2023

The complexity of cross-device interaction brings challenges to the design of user experience. Related research has investigated the elements of cross-device scenarios and the design principles of different scenarios. To explore the consistency of user experience for a single user in multiple temporal cross-device scenarios, this study first defined the concept of composite cross-device scenarios that include cross-device interactions with asynchronous and synchronous operations. Then, based on the principle of cross-device consistency, three interface distribution strategies under three composite cross-device scenarios, mirroring, split view, and split interaction, were constructed. Finally, through experiments, the user experience of the above three interface distribution strategies is tested under the two tasks of "operation-oriented" and "observation-oriented". Experimental results show that there are differences in user preferences for different interface distribution strategies in two different tasks. In each group, the mirrored pattern received the highest score. Through semi-structured interviews, it is found that users pay the lowest learning cost for performing cross-device operations in mirror mode. Separation of view and separation of interaction score relatively high in operation-oriented and observation-oriented task scenarios, respectively. This difference indicates that the cross-device interface distribution method needs to meet the interaction requirements of the task.
Graphical and ergonomic evaluation of symbols on traffic signs
Authors: Neves João , Noriega Paulo , Raposo Daniel , Ribeiro Rogério
Published: June 2023

In Europe, traffic signs, although identical, are not the same, varying from country to country, focusing this study on the Portuguese case. The guiding principles and technical standards for the development, production and installation of traffic signs in Portugal are defined in a normative document, the Traffic Signaling Regulation. Regulatory Decree No. 6/2019 presents the first major revision to the Traffic Signaling Regulation approved in 1998, introducing new information signs, new tourist, geographical, ecological and cultural indication symbols, as well as the graphic representation of drivers signals, traffic regulatory agents and traffic lights. The Traffic Signaling Regulation of 1998 presented 112 symbols for indications, adding the 2019 revision plus 10 symbols, which makes a total of 122 information symbols, lacking this area of normalization and standardization. Part of the pictograms present on the vertical signage are not easily perceptible. The iconic level used in the design of the pictograms is very different, with some being extremely simplified and easily perceptible and others requiring a higher level of decoding by the user, caused by the complexity of the sign. This article is the result of a graphical and ergonomic evaluation of the new symbols added to traffic signs in Portugal. For the evaluation of the symbols, a mixed methodology, non-interventionist and interventionist, with a qualitative basis, was used, divided into three phases: The first phase of aesthetic and functional analysis of the new symbols presented, the second phase of graphic normalization of the symbols and the third phase of evaluation and validation of the developed standardized symbols. With the project developed, it was possible to understand the inconsistency of the system proposed by the Portuguese State, verifying through the results obtained an improvement in terms of visual ergonomics, understanding and aesthetic balance in comparison with the symbols in use today.
Sitting posture recognition for smart chair
Authors: Kuo Ren-Jieh , Shih Chih-Wen , Wang Chong-Hao
Published: June 2023

In recent years, the relationship between sitting posture and health has been paid attention to by researchers, since a person spends about 90% of a day sitting except for sleeping time, and the prolonged sitting is one of the important causes of musculoskeletal diseases. Basically, the different sitting postures caused by sitting for a long time will cause different pressure problems on the spine. Thus, this study intends to accurately predict sitting posture to reduce the damage caused by sitting posture using random forest. A smart chair with eight pressure sensors provided by a case company in Taiwan is applied to collect pressure data of various sitting postures in order to develop a prediction model to predict the sitting posture. Since random forest also owns the capability of feature extraction, it is also employed to find unnecessary sensors to reduce the cost of smart chair and further achieve higher prediction accuracy. The results showed that random forest can yield better results for the current problem compared with other methods. In addition, after the feature extraction via random forest, it can be known that there is indeed a sensor that can be eliminated. The accuracy can be enhanced from 90.70% to 91.36%.
Humanitude: first step towards the creation of a voice-bot companion for persons with dementia
Authors: Isaac Ruiz Cruz Daniel , Navarro Tuch Sergio , Lopez Aguilar Ariel , Bustamante-Bello Rogelio , Marlene Camacho Bustamante Lili
Published: June 2023

During the last decade, the life span of the world has been incremented year by year, which comes with a higher probability of suffering from an illness related to aging. An example of this is dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, which causes a progressive decline in various cognitive functions. The costs of living with these types of diseases can destroy a family’s economy if there is no early treatment and detection. This article will aim to develop a protocol to obtain data from interviewing people with cognitive-related questions. This data will form a training corpus to help the development of a neural network that can give a dementia pre-diagnosis. Subsequently, the neural network can be used to program an adaptative companion voice-bot for people with dementia. This will focus on the conversation pillar of Humanitude, a care methodology that can be applied to persons with dementia. The development of this protocol would lead to the creation of one of the few Spanish-based training corpus available for detecting dementia. It is an important step toward developing new tools that can make an early pre-diagnosis or serve as an alternative caregiving solution for people with this condition. Furthermore, this project can lead to the creation of different research whose solutions use Spanish as its main language.
Trends in residents’ factual descriptions six months after refresher training in writing medical incident reports
Authors: Maeda Yoshitaka
Published: June 2023

Many free descriptions in medical incident reports lack factual information. In a previous study, I conducted initial training and refresher training with residents to accurately describe facts. In this study, I compared 23 actual incident reports submitted by residents after initial training, 80 reports 6 months after initial training, 21 reports after refresher training, and 18 reports 6 months after refresher training to verify whether their writing skills were retained. As a result, the description rate of patients and that of medicine and equipment information was significantly highest 6 months after refresher training. Reporter’s action, post-incident response, and original work procedures also maintained a high description rate in incident reports 6 months after refresher training. For these categories, refresher training boosted residents’ writing skills, and the effect persisted 6 months later. For environment, team member's actions, and safety check procedures, the description rate significantly decreased 6 months after initial training, but gradually recovered after refresher training. However, the description rate after 6 months of refresher training is still not high. Further improvement of refresher training is considered necessary for these categories.
Usability Validation of Complex Medical Systems
Authors: Cristina Barbosa Medeiros Ana , Smyth Molly
Published: June 2023

The end goal of the application of Human Factors to the development of a safety-critical medical device is to validate the device’s safety and effectiveness in the hands of intended users. Generally, the complexity of validation studies varies according to the device intricacy. In the case of complex medical systems, such as a robotic surgical system which can be used for prolonged periods by multiple user groups at the same time and may interact with other devices in the operating room, the planning and execution of such studies require much more thinking, organization, and resources. Bearing that in mind, we have grouped the effort involved in validating complex medical systems into four categories for an optimized, practical approach. This paper discusses these four categories and provides essential guidance, based on our experience.
Interface design for 360°real scenes-based virtual reality system with pedaling devices
Authors: Hsu Poyen , Xiang Su Yi , Chen Chien-Hsu
Published: June 2023

As the elderly get older, they often have problems such as a gradual decline in physical function, it may even lead to the risk of lower limb disability if they stay at home or sit for a long time without regular exercise. In order to prevent the lower limbs of the elderly from being disabled, stepping devices are often used as a kind of exercise, which can not only control the amount of exercise but also improve cardiopulmonary function, and can also reduce the risk of injury during training. However, the elderly cannot maintain regular exercise due to insufficient training motivation.To understand and explore the motivation of 360° real scenes-based virtual reality for the elderly to use the lower limb pedaling device, we created VBike, a system that combines 360° real scenes-based virtual reality based on a pedaling device and a heart rate watch connected with Bluetooth. From this study, we can understand the design steps and implementation methods of the combination of 360° real scenes-based virtual reality with pedaling devices and confirm that 360° real scenes video will affect the motivation of the elderly to use the pedaling device. In the future, this study suggests adding the design of guide signs and audio-visual guides to help the elderly see and explore more in-depth 360° real scenes-based virtual reality and increase the experience of pedaling by the elderly.
Of Seals and Humans. Media and scientific discourses about a caregiving medical device.
Authors: Charbonneaux Juliette , Berthelot Guiet Karine
Published: June 2023

The approach we propose is developed within an integrated cancer research site or Siric CURAMUS (Cancer United Research Associating Medicine, University & Society) linked to the Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière - Sorbonne University. The eight Sirics accredited in France by the Institut du Cancer have the mission of optimizing and accelerating the production of new knowledge and promoting its dissemination and application in the treatment of cancer through integrated and translational multidisciplinary research programs. CURAMUS has three integrated research programs (neuro-oncology, rare immuno-hematological cancers, microsatellite instability cancers) linked to a cross-cutting program in human and social sciences whose objectives are to achieve multidisciplinary assessments, between technical expertise and patient preferences, and issues of ethics, equity, particularly in access to care.This paper aims to analyze the representations of mediation and assistance within the framework of cognitive deficits and/or accompaniment of cancer patients, through communication and mediatization around an animal-shaped technical communicating device: the stuffed seal Paro, an emotional robot for therapeutic assistance. Paro was originally developed in Japan in 2005. According to the french website dedicated to it, « Paro aims to offer health professionals an easy-to-use, high-tech tool to convey the benefits of animal therapy to people with behavioral and communication disorders (Alzheimer's patients and related disorders), or with motor and sensory deficiencies, by improving their well-being and quality of life in a non-medicated setting » .With this case study, the paper aims to explore the following research questions : What are the imaginary and presence of animal mediation in this specific medical context ? Which imaginary and presence of the power of technical mediation devices are conveyed with the use of Paro? What are the representations of communication, within the framework of medical caregiving, peddled by this device and its uses?These issues will be addressed using a composite methodology, combining semi-structured interviews with caregivers already using the seal, clinical staff members of CURAMUS about possibles uses of Paro in the context rare neurological and hematological cancers and semio-communicational analysis (content and discourse analysis) of a specific corpus. This corpus will include the following items : the french Paro website, international and specifically French press review about the Paro device and Web pages dedicated to Paro on French institutional websites about cancer (The Ligue contre le cancer for example). The purpose of this research is to encourage translational perspectives through the analysis of current uses in the French health system and the explorations of possible of use within the Siric CURAMUS clinical teams and hospital facilities.
Activities to Promote Resilience During Health Information System Transitions
Authors: Fuller Helen , Arnold Timothy , O Neil Michael , Wilson Darren
Published: June 2023

Health information systems are ubiquitous in modern medicine. They are sometimes involved in problems with the delivery of care, and this seems to be especially prevalent when transitioning to a new system. Resilience is the ability of systems to respond to unexpected demands or circumstances to allow resumption or continuation of normal operations. We propose that some methods and techniques commonly used in human factors and usability work may promote system resilience, which may be especially important during times of transition. Examples include contextual inquiry, task analysis, risk assessment, and trade-off studies. These activities help people understand and communicate context of use and gain a more comprehensive understanding of the difference between work-as-done (WAD) and work-as-imagined (WAI), as well as navigate risks and benefits when making decisions regarding system changes.
Suspension pillow reduces stress and improves nocturnal sleep.
Authors: Takao Motoharu , Sakamoto Hiromi
Published: June 2023

The head of an adult human weighs approximately 5 kg. A heavy head is always supported by the neck, causing stiffness in the neck and shoulders. Stiffness results in physical and mental stress. A suspension pillow (SP; Hammock Pillow, M. I-Story, Japan) was devised to disperse the pressure on the neck while the user laid down on a mat. The SP has three pillars that suspend a hard cloth like a hammock. The head is held on the cloth. The SP is expected to decrease stiffness, relieve physical and mental stress, and improve the sleep quality. In the first experiment, we showed stress-relieving effect of the SP by measuring and analyzing fluctuation of heart beat interval (heart rate variability: HRV). HRV is indexed as LH/HF and signifies autonomic nervous system activity. The participant was instructed to lay the head on the pillow and exercise very lightly for 7 min to stretch the neck muscles and facilitate cardiovascular circulation. On the next day, he or she was asked to perform the same exercise without the SP. The experimental schedule was randomized among the participants (n=7). Heart beats were measured using a plethysmogram from the index finger. The LF/HF ratio decreased by 39% after exercise with the pillow. Statistical analysis also revealed significant activation of the parasympathetic nervous system and a stress-reducing effect of the SP. This indicates that the SP can be a tool for stress reduction. In the second experiment, we performed a sleep study to demonstrate the sleep-promoting effect of the SP. Middle-aged and older adults tend to explicitly complain of deteriorated sleep quality compared to young adults. Therefore, we recruited these participants for this experiment to demonstrate the sleep-promoting effect of the SP. Six participants (40-70 years old) participated in the experiment. They slept with the SP or a Japanese traditional and popular pillow stuffed with buckwheat chaff (JP) in their bedrooms for four to five consecutive nights. Data obtained during the first night with each pillow were excluded to avoid the first-night effect. The order of pillow usage was randomized among the participants. Heart beat and body movements were monitored using a plethysmogram on the index finger and an accelerometer placed around the wrist to measure nocturnal sleep quality. The results demonstrated that the SP improved sleep efficiency and increased the amount of deep sleep in NREM (non-REM sleep but decreased the counts and amount of nocturnal awakening. These results prove that the SP improves sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults. In the last experiment, we recorded polysomonography data from three young participants (21-23 years old) in an electromagnetically shielded room. We found that sleep latency was shortened significantly in the three young participants with the SP compared to JP. The findings obtained from three experiments revealed that the SP holds the head adequately, resulting in reduced stress by activating the parasympathetic nervous system and improving sleep quality.
Struggle: the Most Frequently Used Word in the Public Sphere Since the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Witkowski Kazimierz , Maciej Kalina Roman
Published: June 2023

Already Jarosław Rudniański, the originator of the theory of a non-armed struggle, underlined that a man uses most often the word ‘a struggle’ (and synonymic terms: combat, contest, grapple, fight, wrestle, etc.) when “a given action is distinguishable by a high level of difficulty and psychic suspense.” Therefore, in Rudniański’s opinion, ‘struggle’ could be, for instance, forming mutations by bacteria or viruses to adjust to vaccinations and antibiotics as extreme cases of counteraction. The fact that living organisms do not have human consciousness has no vital meaning for those who fight them. Therefore, it is not surprising that the titles of many scientific publications dedicated to the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to the media coverage, include the word ‘struggle’ or its synonym.The main barrier to the dissemination of knowledge about the science of struggle  identified with the general theory of struggle (agonology) and its four specific theories  in the global scientific sphere (dominated by the English language) relates primarily to the language in which they were published: all of them (since 1938 till 2000) were published in Polish. Admittedly agonology was included by its creator Tadeusz Kotarbiński into praxeology and translated into English, Czech, German, Japanese, Russian and Serbo-Croatian. In the fundamental lecture of praxeology by T. Kotarbiński “A Treatise on Good Work,” (first edition in 1955), it is included in the chapter entitled “Technique of struggle”. The political factor was a fundamental obstacle to the dissemination of both praxeology and agonology when Poland was beyond the Iron Curtain. Jarosław Rudniański published the theory of a non-armed struggle in two steps. Admittedly, his “Elements of praxeological theory of struggle. From the issues of negative cooperation” (1983) was published during the martial law in Poland, but it was not available for official sale. Its best recommendation would be the fact that for many of Solidarity’s leaders, it was a kind of instruction manual for conducting the struggle against communist authorities in a nonviolent way and led to achievement of the ultimate result: the overthrow of those authorities. The second step: “A Compromise and a Struggle. The efficiency and ethics of positive and negative cooperation in a dense social environment” (1989) is at the same time the most complete development of agonology; unfortunately, available only to those familiar with the Polish language. Paradoxically, the pandemic and the aggression against Ukraine are factors that can spark interest in innovative agonology which includes the theory of a non-armed struggle and the theory of compromise.
Opportunity as a common factor of agility and entrepreneurship
Authors: Chróst Mateusz
Published: June 2023

The article presents an analysis of the literature on the agility of an enterprise from the point of view of recognition of opportunities, entrepreneurship and chances in a turbulent environment. The different approaches to the concept of opportunity are described and the ideas of enterprise brightness, resource flexibility of enterprises, the concept of enterprise intelligence and shrewdness are presented. The link between the notion of entrepreneurship and innovation has been shown. The concept of innovation was defined and organized. Activities related to creating opportunities in a reactive and proactive manner were discussed. The article presents a case study involving the implementation of a new (innovative) technology. The innovation in the examined company was created as a result of reactive activities. The company research presents implementation the innovative technology and specifies the timeframe for implementation. The length of the opportunity streak was presented and the product and service life cycles were compared. It was shown that the company's reactivity enabled the implementation of the new technology and opened a new range of opportunities consisting in the commencement of training services in the field of the implemented innovation.
International Comparison on Obstacles to Service Conversion of Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Toya Keiko
Published: June 2023

This study is an international comparison of Japan and Scandinavia regarding necessary conditions in manufacturing industries that are undergoing servitization.With the shift of developed economies to services, there has been a noticeable trend toward the shift of manufacturing industries to services. However, Japanese manufacturing industries lack service personnel in all aspects, including service planning, management, and front-line operations, because their operations differ from those of traditional manufacturing industries. The shortage of human resources is a phenomenon, and it is necessary to address the structural issues that prevent the development of human resources. Toya (2016, 2020, 2022) identified the obstacles to Servitization in the Japanese manufacturing industry as: a seed-oriented organizational culture, lack of medium- and long-term evaluation of business and human resources, low mobility of human resources, and, by extension, a lack of the industry structure, and attitudes toward the way they work. At the same time, we have conducted structural and time-series analyses based on large-scale fixed-point survey data on the status of servicization. An international comparison focusing on the unique manufacturing culture of the Japanese manufacturing industry and institutional issues related to human resource development and mobility, as revealed by these previous studies, was necessary.This study quantitatively compares Japan and the Nordic countries in terms of the elements and structures that impede the shift to manufacturing services. Specifically, a survey will be conducted simultaneously with manufacturing management in four Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark) and Japan for comparative analysis. The survey is currently underway and the results and discussion will be presented at a later date.
Human Factor Analysis in Robotic and Autonomous Systems for Military Applications
Authors: Lee Hae-In , Lee Seokwon , Shin Hyo-Sang , Tsourdos Antonios , Fletcher Sarah
Published: June 2023

This paper aims to provide a human factor guidance for developing robotic and autonomous systems (RAS) in military applications. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify key aspects to characterise RAS teamed up with human operators, answering the two research questions: i) what the various characteristics of RAS that involve human roles are, and ii) how the characteristics of RAS affect human requirements. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, state-of-the-art researches on RAS are classified based on different characteristics, such as application context, RAS type, level of autonomy, network architecture, operational environment, and interface. Then, the effect of the RAS characteristics on human requirements is analysed by identifying their relationships. Direct relationship is established with respect to the level of autonomy, requiring trust, intelligibility, understandability, and obtrusiveness for human requirements. RAS application context and other characteristics indirectly contribute to different human requirements, by requiring or supporting different levels of autonomy. This study concludes with discussion points to be taken forward, identifies research gaps in current methodologies, and suggests future research directions. Key challenges identified for future research include interactions with human, integration to existing systems, asymmetries in level of autonomy, and validation and verification of different subsystems.
The Contribution of Additive Manufacturing in the Design of Inclusive Prostheses
Authors: Rossi Emilio
Published: June 2023

Prostheses are fundamental tools to improve the quality of life of people with physical impairments. However, the way prostheses are designed and produced follows traditional design and manufacturing processes tied to conventional industrial methods. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies employed through inclusive-oriented design angles can support designers in the creation of enabling – re: inclusive – medical solutions helping patients to live better whilst mitigating the social stigma of living with a medical device in replace of a body part. The inclusive design and production of transradial prostheses using AM is examined in this paper, as well as the effects that the change from conventional manufacturing methods is having on the procurement process, the potential for design developments, and how these affect the perceptions of users and society. Research was done into some relevant case studies of transradial prostheses in order to comprehend how AM was being employed and how Inclusive Design practices can improve AM processes.This study demonstrates how the combination of Inclusive Design and AM has benefited the creation of enabling upper limb prosthesis in numerous ways. Some features include the fact that the availability of AM technologies (i.e., printers) allows for the production of prostheses at lower costs and in remote places with quicker turnaround times and less highly trained workers than traditional methods. General discussions on the suitability of using an Inclusive Design angle for AM are included at the end of the work.
Brand Marks' performance in digital media
Authors: Raposo Daniel , Correia Ricardo , Ribeiro Rogério , Neves João
Published: June 2023

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the graphic resistance and visual performance of Brand Marks in use on websites and social media. It aims to bring knowledge about the impact of digital media on the design of contemporary Brand Marks, but especially the limitations observed in the trademarks of brands originated during the 20th century or previously.Considering nowadays impact of online and digital communication, the internet of things, and the diversity of multiple screen dimensions, it is important to take a closer look at the performance of Brand Marks on websites, responsive web pages, audio-visuals, and social media.This topic is very relevant when studying or developing flexible systems of brand identification or even Brand Mark variants and respective visual guidelines. Specifically, we intend to observe how the design of Brand Marks and the digital environment compromise the graphic coherence of Visual Identity and brand identification.A systematic methodology was adopted, with a non-interventionist base, with the case study of 32 large and international brands. The results consist in the identification of a set of principles and graphic features which Brand Marks should follow to ensure its recognition, the coherence of Visual Identity and brand identification.
Strategic Design, Regenerative Economy, and Resilient Rural Communities. The Creative Nature Hub
Authors: Ferreira Ângela , Margarida Ferreira Ana
Published: June 2023

OECD (2021) emphasizes rural places' critical role in driving sustainable, inclusive growth. It also reinforces the need to strengthen place-based and place-led opportunities and resilience to go against global challenges and ongoing societal transformations, such as digitalization, climate change, ageing, migration, and population decline. This reality presents signiﬁcant challenges but also opportunities. According to some authors, rural communities have a critical role in tackling issues such as sustainable food supply chain development. The unique potential of rural areas to address these challenges and drive sustainable growth and people's well-being and happiness is also recognized.On the other hand, boosting community-based innovations and organizations is crucial to unlocking local opportunities, attracting investment, delivering improved essential products and services, and boosting growth and inclusive, sustainable development towards regenerative economies. In this line of thought and within the framework of the European Project Creation (Ferreira et al., 2020), this paper presents the main outputs of a research work that envisioned a new and sustainable creative hub business model. The regenerative economy understanding and the social innovation and sustainability background in Portugal's forest and rural setting are underlined. The design of the Creative Nature Hub's (CNH) business model, a cultural and creative non-proﬁt association, was supported by the analysis of three case studies of European organizations in the cultural and creative industries acting in rich cultural and human environments with similar sustainable goals. These hubs focus on social innovation, exploring collaborative processes, social learning, networking, and partnerships as strategic drivers for sustainable development. Applied research practices and people and nature-centric approaches allow new social interactions, respecting old cultural practices and ecosystems' dynamic balances. Technology democratization and literacy facilitated generational knowledge transfer and value co-creation in the contemporary digital paradigm. In line with the stress by (British Council, 2015), creative hubs have numerous advantages for those who participate in their functioning and the community. These hubs provide short- and long-term support in the form of products and services, facilitating communication within the community, creating a network and a wider audience, promoting the emergence of talent and creative thinking, or nurturing inclusive development. As the output of the design-driven research activity, a modular and evolutive CNH business model emerged. It allows the transformation and adaptation of the organization over time, highlighting circular design, green technologies, and sustainability to respect natural environment patterns of change and promote territory restoration while nurturing community well-being.
Dialectic of the Sustainability: Design and Art new Frontiers
Authors: Moutinho Ruben , Aparo Ermanno , Dinis Paulo
Published: June 2023

Sustainability is, currently, one of society's main paradigms and depends, above all, on the way in which we plane and trace new paths so that, in a systemic, integrated and transdisciplinary way, choices are objective and made based on a greater collective good. It is at this point that sustainability meets design and art, as all formal, informal, and non-formal artefacts are, at some level, constituents and agents of change. The complementarities between design and art are increasingly identified in fine details and that is why we often see art migrating to stores and design artefacts to museums. This relationship between art and design aims to develop a new language for industrial culture. By applying a theoretical perspective capable of articulating the fundamental dimensions of the man’s relationship with the environment and highlighting the aesthetics of sustainability, it will consequently highlight the beauty of the complementarity of antagonisms in art and design interventions, thus playing an important role in the process of “socialization” of society. Being sustainability the subject of the moment and with roots for the future, this exploratory article seeks to investigate the dialectics between design and art and foresee future practices that will be the answers of tomorrow.
Original-Copy: ideation for a lampshade inspired by nature
Authors: Maia Pedro , Pinto Raul
Published: June 2023

The following article looks at nature as a cultural pre-set narrative (or set of narratives) and reflects on how it can influence the design process to achieve a concrete result - a product. It describes an ongoing process that intersects intangible (behaviours) and tangible (matter) expressions of nature with the concept of Original-Copy, as the conceptual framework to develop and materialize a lampshade.The inclusion of behaviour patterns presents poetic and imaginative properties to trigger the conceptual phase of a project, while biomatter was chosen to physically materialize the ideas. In this context, the Original-Copy concept works as the archetype on which a new product can be based.The aforementioned approach has been applied and developed through a workshop, which intends to join the three concepts referred to above: behaviours, matter and original-copy.Firstly, a taxonomy of animals´ seduction rituals and courtship behaviours has been developed, which includes various criteria of classification, such as duration, triggers, interaction, or intensity. This taxonomy works as the catalyst of the workshop, to promote imagination and disruption in the design process.In this challenge, the shape of the object is predetermined by an original form (an archetype), in this case, the renowned Constanza lampshade, produced by the Italian brand Luceplan. The poetic dimension is induced by the attempt of translating the patterns of animal mating rituals described in the taxonomy into the characteristics of the biomaterial. The final objective was for the participants to express themselves through the physical dimension (texture, opacity, smell, touch, taste, bias) of created materials, inspired by animal behaviours, and use it to create the reinterpretation of the pre-existing form of the Constanza lampshade.After explaining the workshop methodology, the article presents the main ideas generated. Selected behaviours and the way of their application, composition of the created biomaterials used to materialize the ideas, as well as the final outcomes are described.An important part of the article is the report on the failed attempts of creating the materials and constructing the lampshades, their causes and the impact on the whole process.In the future, further evaluation and development of the proposed approach are anticipated, through the described workshops in different social and geographic contexts. It is awaited the possible creation of collections of other design classics lampshades, based on distinct triggers, for example on endogenous resources, emphasizing different ways how nature can influence design.
Digital Twin Verification for Advanced Reactor Remote Operations
Authors: Ulrich Thomas , Oncken Joseph , Boring Ronald , Stevens Kaeley , Culler Megan , Bukowski Steven , Unruh Troy , Browning Jeren
Published: June 2023

Advanced reactors, especially microreactors, must take advantage of remote monitoring and control strategies to reduce the commercial cost of deployment and operations costs to compete with existing electrical generators. A robust and flexible remote concept of operations must be developed to support diverse designs and use cases to ensure safe and reliable operations. This paper presents the unique aspects of remote operations as they contrast existing established operations to highlight issues that must be considered. A key element of the remote operations concept is the ability for a physically separated command and control center to maintain awareness of the reactor’s state and perform supervisory control on the reactor. A digital twin implementation is proposed to serve as a verification system, to provide the remote operations center with verified reactor state information and to provide the remotely situated reactor with verified operation center commands. This approach augments existing communication infrastructure to support operators as they assess the validity of the information they are receiving and confidence that the commands they issue can be executed at the remote reactor.
Characterizing Complexity: A Multidimensional Approach to Digital Control Room Display Research
Authors: Dickerson Kelly , Grasso John , Watkins Heather , Hughes Niav
Published: June 2023

Complexity can be characterized at numerous levels; physical, perceptual, and cognitive features all influence the overall complexity of an informational display. The Human Performance Test Facility (HPTF) at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) develops lightweight simulator studies to examine the workload induced by various control room-related tasks in expert and non-expert populations. During the initial development of the lightweight simulator, cognitive complexity was defined based on the number of elements in each control panel. While the number of items roughly maps onto information density, it is only one of several features contributing to display complexity. This study is a follow-up to the original complexity evaluation and includes an initial characterization of the perceptual complexity of a set of control panels in their original (i.e., unmodified) and modified (for cognitive complexity reduction) forms. To assess perceptual complexity, a 3-dimensional approach was developed. The control panel displays were assessed using common measures of physical complexity (e.g., edge congestion, clutter, symmetry), performance-based measures (reaction time and accuracy for target identification), and subjective impressions using a survey adapted from a similar FAA assessment of air traffic controller workstation display complexity. Overall, the results suggested that clutter and symmetry were associated with target identification performance; participants interacting with high symmetry-low clutter displays identified target controls faster than those interacting with low symmetry-high clutter displays. Survey results tended to follow the same pattern as the physical and performance-based results; however, these patterns were not statistically significant, likely due to the small sample size. These initial results are a promising indication that the physical and performance-based measures were valid for assessing display complexity and that they are sensitive to differences in complexity, even with smaller samples. The physical and performance-based measures may be good candidates for human factors validation of future system designs - they are quick and easy to administer while providing a holistic sense of display perceptual complexity. Like other types of surveys, surveys for display complexity often require large samples to detect meaningful differences between groups. System designers and other stakeholders may want to consider alternative strategies, such as physical system measurement and characterization using performance-based methods if the user base is small or designs are in the early stages of development, requiring quick answers and an iterative approach to evaluation.
A Proposed Methodology to Assess Cognitive Overload using an Augmented Situation Awareness System
Authors: Patton Debra , Rubinstein Joshua
Published: June 2023

The US Army is tasked with providing the best tools to keep military personnel at peak performance. These tools can be found in many forms: small arms, protective clothing, armored vehicles, and communication devices, etc. However, understanding when a person is cognitively overloaded does not have such a tool. Cognitive overload is nothing new, yet it is not well understood. This paper discusses cognitive overload, why it is critical to military performance, past efforts, and focuses on a methodology to assess cognitive overload using a deployed augmented situation awareness (SA) system. We will employ a currently used SA system to assess cognitive overload through an additive process designed to identify when overload occurs and performance drops. Understanding when cognitive overload occurs is critical to Soldier survivability and offsetting it before it becomes a detriment is key. We will discuss our methodology assessing when cognitive overload occurs and potential mitigation strategies.
A Cognitive Model for Guiding Automation
Authors: Stevens Christopher , Fisher Christopher , Frame Mary
Published: June 2023

A variety of systems and exist for managing human-machine team throughput and effectiveness. One example is autonomous managers (AMs), software that dynamically reallocates tasks to individual members of a team based on their workload and performance. Cognitive models can inform these technologies by projecting performance into the future and enabling “what-if” analyses. For example, would removing a task from an individual whose current performance is low cause them to improve? Conversely, can a team member who is currently performing well handle even more work without dropping performance? In the present study, we develop and validate a cognitive model built in the Adaptive Control of Thought – Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture in a novel empirical paradigm: The Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Multi-attribute Task Battery (ISR-MATB). In this task, participants engage in a mock ISR task in which they must integrate information from several subtasks to arrive at a decision about a situation. These tasks include searching visual displays, listening for audio chatter, making decisions based on multiple cues, and remaining vigilant for signals. The tasks are based upon analogous laboratory psychology tasks to improve empirical rigor. Eight participants completed the task under two 30-minute conditions: easy and difficult. The difficult task required searching more complex stimuli in the audio and visual domain than in the easy condition. In addition, subjective workload ratings (NASA-TLX) were collected. We describe the preliminary behavioral and self-report results, as well as the ACT-R model’s fit to the behavioral data. Further, we describe a new method for workload visualization and task decomposition using model-based analyses.
Human Factors for Machine Learning in Astronomy
Authors: Wenskovitch John , Jaodand Amruta
Published: June 2023

In this work, we present a collection of human-centered pitfalls that can occur when using machine learning tools and techniques in modern astronomical research, and we recommend best practices in order to mitigate these pitfalls. Human concerns affect the adoption and evolution of machine learning (ML) techniques in both existing workflows and work cultures. We use current and future surveys such as ZTF and LSST, the data that they collect, and the techniques implemented to process that data as examples of these challenges and the potential application of these best practices, with the ultimate goal of maximizing the discovery potential of these surveys.
Evaluation of The Impact of Visual Decoration on The Memorable Effect in Big Data Visualization - The Example of Bar Chart
Authors: Yujia Li , Liu Xiaojun
Published: June 2023

In recent years, data visualization has been applied to various scenes, and the memory of data visualization has received widespread attention. Some researchers have studied this. However, the effect of visual decoration is polarized in the research community. Some researchers believe that visual decoration can improve memory effect, while others believe that visual decoration can interfere with memory. This paper takes the bar chart as an example to further evaluate the memory effect of visual decoration in visualization, and puts forward four assumptions: ① the visualization using visual decoration has better memory; ② The position of visual decoration will affect the memory effect; ③ The colour of visual decoration will affect the memory effect; ④ The visual position will affect the memory effect under the same visual decoration. The results show that assumptions 1, 2, 3 and 4 are valid, which proves that visual decoration can improve the memory of visualization, and the location, colour and type of visual decoration will affect the memory of visualization.
Biofeedback Posture Training for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patient
Authors: Wong Yiu , Yip Joanne , Cheung Mei-Chun
Published: June 2023

Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral deviation of the spine. Over 10 degrees of lateral curvature in the anteroposterior plane is already regarded as abnormal and scoliosis by the American Scoliosis Research Society. Scoliosis can be congenital, developmental, or degenerative. However, over 65% of the scoliosis cases were idiopathic. Scoliosis generally develops in the thoracic spine and/or the thoracolumbar area of the spine. One of the factors of scoliosis is the skeletal muscle around the aforementioned area of the spine. If the muscle strength between the left and right paraspinal muscles is imbalanced, internal pressure will develop and cause scoliosis. Though the risk of curve progression is the highest during puberty, adolescents with mild scoliosis (Cobb’s angle between 10 and 19) are generally closely monitored. With the increasing mobile phone usage among adolescents, it is very likely that adolescents with mild scoliosis develop poor posture during their prolonged screen time. This may affect the skeletal muscle development in the spine, causing an imbalance between the left and right paraspinal muscles, further accelerating the curve progression of scoliosis. To slow down or prevent the curve progression, biofeedback posture training has been developed by our research team. Early adolescents sat in front of a computer screen with animated videos as biofeedback to monitor their muscle activities of the paraspinal muscles. They underwent 30 sessions of biofeedback posture training, each session consisting of 3 minutes baseline assessment and 5 trials of 5-minute posture training.Currently, 18 adolescents with mild scoliosis have completed our training. 13 out 18 of them have their spine curve progressed less than 5 Cobb’s angle. In addition, 6 of them even reduced their spine curve by more than 5 Cobb's angle.