bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kobieta i jej rola w historii zbawienia według Klemensa Aleksandryjskiego
Authors: Łucarz Stanisław
Published: May 2020

The article focuses on the notion of femaleness and its role in the history of salvation in the works of Clement of Alexandria. Although these are not the central themes of his considerations, he reflects on this subject against the back­ground of his magnificent vision of the incarnation of the divine Logos. The be­getting or generating of Logos by Father is the first stage of the incarnation, which is followed by the next stages: the creation of the world and of human beings, the revelation in the Old Testament and – although not directly – in the Greek philosophy. The last stage is the incarnation in Jesus Christ. All this leads towards the divinization and the unity in God. Femaleness in Clement’s work should be considered as a part of cosmic dimensions. For him, men and women are substan­tially – i.e. on the level of their souls – equal, hence in the spiritual and intellectual dimension both sexes are vested with identical dignity and enjoy equal rights. The differences between sexes are located in the body and affect various aspects of human life, mostly biological and reproductive ones, not to mention the family, community and religious reality. In practice, it is the woman who is subordinated to man due to the fact, as Clement holds, that the female body is weaker than the male one, more subjugated to passivity, less perfect and more susceptible to pas­sions. For that reason, on the way to salvation, it is the man who is the head of the woman. However, it is not an absolute subjection. If the woman goes on the way to salvation (a Christian woman), and the man does not, the Lord is the head of the woman (the divine Logos, whom she follows). All these differences resulting from the possession of a body are eliminated in eschatology, in which will be the total equality. On that way to the eschatological fulfillment, the divine Logos is indispensable. He incarnates himself and comes to the world through a woman. He chooses what is weaker in order to reveal His power. This way it is a woman, and not a man, who first experiences His divinizing closeness and action.
Kobiety a ruchy heretyckie według "Diversarum hereseon liber" Filastriusza z Brescii
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: May 2020

The article discusses two issues related to the role of women in heretical movements on the basis of Philastrius’ of Brescia Diversarum hereseon liber (written between 380 and 388): the place and the importance of the feminine in the doctrinal teaching of the heretics, along women’s participation in setting up and functioning of the various heresies. In the Jewish movements false-beliefs were associated with the figures of pagan goddesses, which some groups worshiped in different periods of the history of Israel. Contrary to the widespread in the ancient culture belief of the relationship of the male element in human person with the intellectual sphere, in the early Christian Gnosticism it was thought that the femi­nine was the personification of intellect. An example of this phenomenon on the doctrinal plane was the eon “Wisdom” (sapientia), and on the historical one – Helena accompanying Simon Magus, the precursor of all Christian heresy. Among the female characters of biblical inspiration for erroneous views, resulting from improper, sometimes mythologizing exegesis was especially the mother of mankind Eve. However, the creators of heresies didn’t stress clearly her feminine qualities as that might encourage the emergence of their heterodox doctrines. The known names of women – the members of Jewish and early Christian misbelief movements – appear in Philastrius’ index much less often than men. These are individual cases: Helena accompanying Simon Magus, Priscilla and Maximilla – the co-founders of Montanism heresy.
Kobiety u Tertuliana w kontekście historii zbawienia
Authors: Zalewski Dariusz
Published: May 2020

The analysis of the writings of Tertullian at an angle of his attitude towards women encounters a lot of difficulties. On one side when addressing to women he uses rather waspish, incisive language sometimes even with a rhetorical em­phasis. We can see it at some instructive, moral fragments of the letters such as De cultu feminarum or De virginibus velandis. Superficial reading of these versets could lead up to a conclusion about antifeminism of Tertullian. On the other side he highly appreciates women because of their participation by body and sole at the God’s redemption and universal resurrection. It is clearly seen at some of his theological works such as, for example, De resurrectione mortuorum. Tertullian is not a writer who habitually looks for and show every negative characteristic feature of woman’s character. All his manifestations of distrust to­wards women derive rather from his own character and prepossession to moral rigorism and partially reflect psyche of people constituting Christian communities at II and III centuries after Christ. At the same time we could say that the apparent discrepancy of his point of view towards women results not only from gradual changing of his attitude to women but mainly from the character of his works and aims he wanted to achieve.
Kobieta jako pokusa dla mnicha według Ewagriusza z Pontu
Authors: Misiarczyk Leszek
Published: May 2020

The article presents the teaching of Evagrius of Pontus on women. The author stresses the need to embed evagrian reflection in the context of strict monastic life and asceticism without which a monk of Pontus appears as mizoginist. Evagrius in his texts on women teaches anchorites three things. Firstly, it reminds them that they have chosen the life in the desert and should avoid any encounters with women. They have to stay rather in their cells praying instead of participating the local feasts and games. Secondly, it encourages that during the meetings on the occasion of spiritual direction monks should be extremely prudent and that this task is more proper to the senior monks. Thirdly, it teaches how to cleanse the soul and mind from the images of women.
Funkcja nauczycielska kobiety w myśli Jana Chryzostoma
Authors: Szczur Piotr
Published: May 2020

The Church Fathers repeatedly spoke about the function that women should play – especially Christian women – in the communities they lived in. One of the widely discussed problems in ancient times was the question of teaching by women. It was discussed whether women in general can teach, and if so, under what circumstances? In this article I decided to investigate this issue on the basis of selected speeches of John Chrysostom. The first point of the present study notes that in ancient times the public teaching and speaking in general was a manifesta­tion of power. The next two sections present Chrysostom's comments on this topic based on the exegesis of biblical texts 1 Timothy 2:11-15 and Romans 16:3-16. In the final conclusions it should be underlined, that John Chrysostom firm­ly holds to the teaching of Scripture (especially St. Paul). He makes a distinction between private and public teaching. According to him, women can only lead pri­vate teaching activity (especially in the family), but they cannot teach in public, be­cause such teaching is associated with the holding of an ecclesiastical office, reser­ved for men. A man teaches a woman, not the other way around – this is the standard situation. Reversing these roles was permitted only in exceptional circumstances.
Postacie kobiece Starego Testamentu w alegorycznej egzegezie Orygenesa
Authors: Szram Mariusz
Published: May 2020

The article systematises the metaphors ascribed by Origen (185-253/254) to the well-known female characters of the Old Testament utilising the method of allegorical exegesis of the text of Scripture. Females appearing on the pages of the historical books of Bible are – according to the Alexandrian – allegories of hu­man virtues or defects. They embody the spiritual warfare between the spirit and the body, between the mind and the feelings. In the collective sense they symbo­lize the synagogue or the church chosen from the Gentiles, and in the individual sense – the human soul in its relation to God. Origen refers to the telling names of women, translating them and embedding into the spiritual context often giving the several different allegorical meanings to the same biblical person. Despite the often-quoted in his writings beliefs characteristic to the ancient world, procla­iming that the woman is a symbol of bodily feelings and the man – a symbol of the intellectual abilities, majority of allegorical interpretations relating to the Old Testament women indicates a personification of the virtues worthy of imitation. This phenomenon is conditioned with the meaning of the names of those persons and the role attributed to them by the biblical authors, but Origen’s interpretations are original and based on his own concept of spiritual life. They deny opinions of misogyny of Origen and the early Christian writers in general.
Ewa – pierwsza kobieta w świetle pism świętego Augustyna
Authors: Żurek Antoni
Published: May 2020

The biblical story of creation, and subsequently the sin of Eve, was frequently analized by many Church Fathers. These analysis conclusions were ones of the crucial elements which shaped the vision of woman in the Early Christian times. St. Augustine was within this trend. He analized and referred to the Genesis’ texts related to Eve in the numerous of his works. He read this story either literally or alegorically. From the biblical texts which were interpreted literally, he derived his view about human sexuality and its purposefulness. He also eagerly empha­sized the issue of woman’s nature. Indeed, he acknowledged that Eve was equal to Adam as human, as well as woman was equal to male at all. Nevertheless, he was sure of woman’s nature weakness and affirmed her dependence on male in the social life. St. Augustine used the alegorical interpretation conclusions to explain the relationship between the body and spirit within a man. In this perspective, the woman’s position is especially weak because, as a representant of body, she should be totally dependent on male who symbolizes the spiritual sphere within a man. The article only fragmentalically presents the St. Augusine’s view on the woman question because it is limited only to the conclusions of one biblical text exegesis.
Gomer – antyideał żony czy wzorcowa metafora relacji oblubieńczej na podstawie Hieronimowego Komentarza do Oz 1-3?
Authors: Jóźwiak Magdalena
Published: May 2020

In this article we included St. Jerome’s standpoint on Gomer — the prostitute and wife of Hosea. This topic was presented in two stages. First, we analysed an issue of ideal woman according to St. Jerome. Then we presented a picture of Gomer in St. Jerome’s comment on the Book of Hosea 1–3. The main point of this article was an attempt to answer a question how St. Jerome deals with conveying the biblical meaning, according to which the prophet on God’s command marries an adulterous woman. This issue is very interesting, because the author of Vulgate had rather unfavourable attitude towards the institution of marriage and Gomer was not only married, but also a prostitute.
San Cesario di Arles e i suoi continuatori e il monachesimo femminile
Authors: Degórski Bazyli
Published: May 2020

Artykuł omawia łaciński monastycym żeński w Galii krzewiony przez św. Cezarego z Arles i jego kontynuatorów. W 506 r. Cezary rozpoczął budowę klasz­toru żeńskiego św. Jana, która została ukończona w 512 r. Pierwszą jego ksienią została siostra św. Cezarego – św. Cezaria. Do klasztoru wstąpiło wiele dziewic i wdów. Cezary napisał dla nich regułę w 534 r. Następczynią św. Cezarii została inna Cezaria, zwana Młodszą. Mniszek w klasztorze było wówczas aż dwieście. Następną ksienią została św. Liliola, a później św. Rustykuła. Przed śmiercią Cezary chciał uczestniczyć w liturgii mniszek w klasztorze św. Jana i skierował do wspólnoty zachętę, by pozostała wierna regule. Wpływ Cezarego na monastycyzm galijski był wielki, choć „Reguła” odegrała większą rolę jedynie w Prowansji. Nie znamy dokładnie dziejów klasztoru św. Andrzeja z Villeneuve koło Awi­nionu. Jedna z kronik mówi, iż w 586 r. zmarła w nim niejaka św. Cezaria. Je­śli chodzi o inne klasztory żeńskie w Galii, to mamy na ich temat jeszcze bar­dziej skąpe wiadomości. Zachował się list Cezarego wysłany do pewnej ksieni, z którego można wnosić, iż była ona jego duchową córką i kierowała założoną przez niego wspólnotą mniszek. Według tradycji także klasztor św. Piotra du Puy w Orange został założony przez św. Cezarego na górze Eutropiusza. W VI w. powstały także „Reguły” św. Aureliana: Regula ad monachos i Regula ad virgines. Założył on w Arles dwa klasztory: żeński św. Marii i męski świętych Piotra i Pawła.
The opening ceremony of the XXII Olympic winter games of 2014 in Sochi: history, features and facts.
Authors: Koreneva M. V. , Leontieva N. S. , Leontieva L. S. , Shpyrnya O. V.
Published: May 2020

This article is dedicated to the opening ceremony of the XXII Olympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi. In the work the history of various elements of ceremonies, which originate in ancient Greece and the revival times of the modern Olympic Games have been reviewed; the essence and the order of the art and protocol part of the program have been revealed; the analysis of the scenario of the opening ceremony of the XXII Olympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi have been given: the performance plot; the officials in attendance, who claim the Games open; the oaths of athletes, referees and coaches; the participants of the «Parade of nations» and the flag bearer of the national team of the Russian Federation; the entry of the Olympic flag to the stadium; the torch relay and lighting of the Olympic flame at the stadium «Fisht», as well as the statistics, figures and facts regarding the preparation and conduction of the opening ceremony of the XXII Olympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi have been shown.

There is no conflict of interests.
Sociological analysis of the idea of the goals and quality of education of students of a non-state university
Authors: Netrebko E. N.
Published: May 2020

The article deals with the problem of leveling the reputational damage caused to private universities by negative public stereotypes. According to the author, the work of an educational institution to create a positive image of the organization should be based on monitoring customer satisfaction with the services provided by the University. The method of identifying student’s satisfaction with the learning process at a commercial university was tested. It is revealed that the motivation for learning of the majority of respondents is based on the desire for personal and professional development. The main difficulties faced by students in the learning process are highlighted. The level of satisfaction of respondents with various components of the educational process is analyzed.

There is no conflict of interests.
Analysis of emotional intellect of students-managers
Authors: Subbotina T. N. , Sadovnikova A. S. , Yeskova E. S.
Published: May 2020

The article reflects the results of a study of the emotional intellect of students– managers at FSBEI HE KSU K.E. named after Tsiolkovsky. The concepts of intellectual competence and emotional intellect are considered. Based on the theory of D. McClelland that the effectiveness of decision-making and commercial success, all things being equal, depends mainly on emotional intelligence, the authors conclude that the problem of the formation and development of emotional intellect is relevant for students studying in the direction of Management , since their future professional activities are associated with the adoption and implementation of effective management decisions. Based on N. Hall’s methodology, the results of a study of the level of formation of emotional intellect in students studying in the direction of Management are presented. The formation of the five components of emotional intellect was diagnosed: emotional awareness, control of one’s emotions, self-motivation, empathy, recognition of other people’s emotions. The results of the forming experiment make a conclusion about the levels of emotional intellect of students-managers of KSU named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky.

Based on the results of the study, a conclusion is drawn about the need for a wider use of active teaching methods that imitate real circumstances in a conditional environment.

There is no conflict of interests.
Gender component of sports discourse
Authors: Yarmolinets L. G. , Terpelets Zh. A.
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the gender problem in sports discourse, which many researchers are concerned about, namely, the inequality in the representation of men and women in sports. The focus is on the aesthetic rather than athletic perception of a woman, as evidenced by language examples. To make sport more fair, it is necessary to change the gender language and rhetoric associated with sports.

There is no conflict of interests.
Indicators of competitiveness of a region in the global sustainable development context
Authors: Gutman S. S. , Zhdanova A. S.
Published: May 2020

The development and improvement of the level of competitiveness of any country is based on a surefooted understanding and use of national advantages that any state possesses in one way or another. Competitive advantages, in turn, are based on national and regional determinants of development and can be ensured by the activities of economic entities in various industries and regions. Thus, economic entities play a major role in increasing the competitiveness of a country and a region. At the same time, the results of their activities should contribute not only to increasing competitiveness, but to achieving sustainable development of both the country and the region. At present, the integration of the principles of sustainable development in the system of assessing the competitiveness of a region is a rather urgent problem.

The article proposes a system of indicators for assessing the competitiveness of the region in the framework of the concept of sustainable development in each of the three areas that are available and can be used to monitor and control the sustainable development of the Russian regions. A conceptual framework for the sustainable development of the amber industry in the Russian Federation and the Kaliningrad region has been developed.

The comparison of indicators of socio-economic development of the region and leading indicators in the extractive industry is carried out. The minimum general set of indicators of the region’s competitiveness was determined, which would be possible to track and compare across all regions implementing the concept of sustainable development.

There is no conflict of interests.
Modernization of the innovative model of economic development of the region
Authors: Ivanova N. E. , Kuznetsov S. V. , Udodova V. I.
Published: May 2020

The article considers the process of modernization of the innovative model of economic development of the region as a key tool for sustainable development of the national innovation system. The conditions for the activation of globalization processes allow us to determine the main directions of development of the Russian economy, ensuring sustainable rates of socially oriented economic growth and integration into the world space. This implies the need to realize the innovative potential of individual economic entities, territorial entities, and the state as a whole, which are focused on the generation, development and introduction of new technologies, goods and services. The analysis of the innovation process shows that in the economy, in society as a whole, innovations often meet forces of inertia and resistance, which either strongly inhibit the processes of renewal, or stop them, leaving the idea unclaimed for a long time, while the main factor in the stagnation of innovation processes in the economy can be identified as the established system of socio-economic relations in the state.

There is no conflict of interests.
Assessment of the implementation of the youth policy of Novotitarovsky rural settlement
Authors: Novikov V. S. , Nevshupa Yu. V.
Published: May 2020

In the materials of the publication, the authors evaluated the implementation of the youth policy of Novotitarovsky rural settlement. Determined the outcome of the contribution of youth in socio-economic, sociopolitical and cultural development of the area, the directions of the youth policy, implemented by the youth Council in the rural settlement Novotitarovskoy MO Dinskoy district; the analysis of financial resources allocated for the implementation of the Program “Youth” for youth policy development; the proposed activities in the framework of the “Youth” the following actions are assumed. The authors, after analyzing the implementation of youth policy I propose the following: to consider youth policy as a contribution to the future generation; municipal authorities suggested that the structure of the Administration, “Department of youth”, and to implement a set of measures for implementation of the directions of formation and development of youth policy, improving the efficiency of existing activities aimed at youth development in the municipality.

There is no conflict of interests.
Socio-econmic system stability researches in the MathCad enviroment
Authors: Kokhanova V. S. , Maharramov I. M. o.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of the stability of the socio-economic system in the environment of MathCad on the example of a specific company. Issues of making strategic decisions in the face of uncertainty have always been relevant at all levels of the national economy. So, for business entities, strategic issues are the development of a project, product, or functional (business) unit. Here are based on the categories of profitability, break-even, turnover, liquidity and other groups of criteria. In addition to traditional planning and forecasting tools, alternative techniques can be applied. For example, if we consider the main goal of the business entity’s activity not to maximize its own profit (economic interpretation), but to satisfy the needs of the population in goods and services with consumer properties that are necessary for the market (marketing interpretation), then when making decisions, the integrated assessment of social efficiency should be used. A set of chain indices is used that determine the level of satisfaction at transformation points created by the company’s products.

There is no conflict of interests.
Banking ecosystem: current trends in the financial sector
Authors: Bychkova I. I.
Published: May 2020

The article considers the stages of the banking industry evolution from the formation of the corporate business service market to the creation of ecosystems for retail customers. The prerequisites for the formation of ecosystems in Russia are identified and the factors hindering their development are identified. As a result of the research, the following conclusions are made: the transition to the stage of ecosystem formation is dictated by current consumer preferences; the consortium in the form of an ecosystem provides a number of undeniable advantages for its participants such as: building up the client base, differentiating investments, entering new industry niches, minimizing operating costs; the negative aspects of ecosystems from the point of view of the consortium’s functioning include: a high level of dependence on a related player, combining client bases and the risk of their leakage, low adaptability to the environment. The conclusion is also formed about the negative impact of ecosystems on the market of small and medium-sized businesses by monopolizing industries and washing the latter out of them.

There is no conflict of interests.
Financial system in the context of digital transformation of the economy
Authors: Demidova S. Ye.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the consideration of the features of the financial system development in the conditions of technological change, total digitalization of economic activity and social relations. The study presents current Russian and foreign practices and trends in the development of digital technologies in the financial system. The author critically examines the formation of institutions, the use of new tools and mechanisms in the decentralized sphere and the sphere of public Finance. The risks of digitalization that pose threats to certain elements of the financial system are identified.

There is no conflict of interests.
The place of project management in the implementation of the strategy of a municipality
Authors: Bazaev N. D.
Published: May 2020

The author conducted a review of research on the subject of implementation of project management in the activities of the Executive authorities, both at Federal and regional levels. The question of compatibility and its impact on traditional process and software management is raised. The opinion is expressed that one of the most important priorities for the implementation of the development directions set for our state in the near future should be the establishment of interdepartmental and intersectoral cooperation, which will minimize possible duplication of activities in the framework of state policy implementation. The importance of implementing project management not only at the Federal and regional levels, but also at the municipal level as part of the creation of municipal project offices was noted. It is revealed that at the moment, most municipalities do not have their own structural divisions for implementing project activities and corresponding documentation for creating and managing these activities independently. The experience of municipalities where project offices have been established is reviewed and two options for implementing such structures are identified. It is proposed to focus primarily on the development of organizational support for relevant activities in municipalities, taking into account the recommendations developed by the Ministry of economic development of the Russian Federation.

There is no conflict of interests.
Internal audit and Process mining: effects of synergy
Authors: Roshchektaev S. A. , Roshchektaeva U. Yu.
Published: May 2020

The article discusses the methodological basis and practice of using Process mining technology to improve the efficiency of business processes of Russian companies. The challenges of the digital economy and prerequisites for the development of Process mining methods are identified. The directions of transformation of approaches to process management in the conditions of application of Process mining methods are established. The main synergy effects of internal audit and Process mining are identified. The stages of implementation of the Process mining project and quality criteria for corporate data logs are considered. An algorithm of actions is proposed to prepare for the introduction of Process mining technology in Russian companies; to obtain the identified synergy effects by internal audit.

There is no conflict of interests.
Theoretical aspects of liquidity management in a commercial bank
Authors: Solonina S. V.
Published: May 2020

The study presents various approaches to the interpretation of the concept of liquidity of a credit institution and its essence. Differences are highlighted that reflect the priority aspects in assessing the liquidity of a commercial Bank from the authors ‘ point of view. The Bank of Russia’s liquidity ratios and ratios are also presented. The research resulted in a change in the Bank’s structure, since the most important element of the formation of a commercial Bank’s liquidity management system is the improvement of the organizational structure responsible for forecasting liquidity and selecting management tools. When improving such a structure, it should be ensured that the structure is integrated into the unified management system of a commercial Bank, that it is linked to other structural divisions of the Bank, and that it has a comprehensive approach to managing liquidity risk, along with other risks. It is concluded that the most effective model is the creation of a single risk management Department, which includes a liquidity management Committee. At the same time, all structural divisions of the Bank should be included in the General system. The recommendation to evaluate the obligations taking into account the possibility of their early repayment is justified.

There is no conflict of interests.
Image risks on transition to digital education: opinion receivers of educational services
Authors: Rozhkova A. Yu. , Vasilyeva M. V.
Published: May 2020

The article reflects the aspects of digital education as a complex unstable system in the conditions of the transformation of educational processes. The image risks of a business model for the implementation of educational services based on online monitoring and analysis of the opinions of recipients of educational services in relation to the willingness to acquire educational services, the formation of adaptive and technological skills are disclosed. Identified systemic problems and risks in the activities of educational institutions associated with the lack of a clear procedure for the introduction of digital technologies, with a decrease in the academic and financial stability of the university, a narrowing of the target audience due to the loss of previous traditional and feedback. Priorities and improving factors for the technological positioning of the university during the transition to digital education are outlined. An attempt is made to reveal the elements of a business model, which includes: monitoring and expanding image perception, synchronization of IT and Edu-technologies, ensuring “transparency” of various schemes for the provision of educational services for the personalization of educational paths, targeting and adaptability to meet educational needs.

There is no conflict of interests.
The market of educational services: engaging students as the main consumers
Authors: Khlabystova N. V.
Published: May 2020

Today, almost all educational institutions provide paid educational services. The University’s budget depends on the number of paid educational services provided, so the University managers are faced with the task of attracting the maximum number of applicants. Today, the scientists of the socio-economic Sciences and the Humanities, we study the issues associated with attracting students.

In the article, the author analyzes and summarizes the theoretical material on the topic under study, as well as the secondary analysis of sociological research.

The author of the article comes to the conclusion that increasing the attractiveness of educational institutions and training areas in the representation of applicants is possible only through constant monitoring of the needs of young people.

There is no conflict of interest.
Review of development of the european tourism incentive market
Authors: Shpyrnya O. V.
Published: May 2020

Incentive tourism is an integral part of business tourism or business tourism. The article discusses the main features of the development of incentive tourism in the European tourism market. The range of incentive programs in Europe is very wide both in destinations and in content. The main countries of Europe where business tourism in general and incentive tourism in particular are developing are considered. It is noted that one of the most popular countries in Europe for incentive events is Austria. Great tourist attractiveness in general and in the field of incentive tourism have the United Kingdom, Germany, Hungary, Malta, Italy, Spain, Finland, Switzerland. In these countries, a combination of high development of tourism and transport infrastructure, the presence of a modern hotel base and congress centers is noted. A direct correlation was noted between the level of development of the hospitality industry infrastructure and the position of the country in terms of incentive travel.

There is no conflict of interests.
Narrative sources on the events of the Great patriotic war in the Kuban
Authors: Bich Ju. G. , Samsonenko T. A. , Mishustina E. L.
Published: May 2020

This article presents the results of studies on the daily history of the Soviet period of our state during the difficult times of World War II. The work considers the southern region of the USSR, the territory of the Krasnodar Territory (the city of Krasnodar and the village of Pavlovskaya.) Some local families left the Kuban at the beginning of the war and left, for example, to evacuate. Others were forced to stay, during the occupation of the region and its capital by the Nazi troops in 1942-1943 they were in the Kuban, in Krasnodar. This article is based on both previously unpublished memoirs of city residents collected by the authors (memoirs by Razinskaya S.A., Zhigir E.G., Morozova E.V., Yesayan M.A.) and published as personal memoirs and diaries (Khudoley I.I., Chalenko K.N.). For the first time, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Victory of our country in World War II, an attempt was made to put into scientific circulation these materials, telling about the pre-occupation period of the Territory and the city of Krasnodar, as well as directly the time of the occupation of the southern region by fascist invaders. It is concluded that the stories of ordinary people – eyewitnesses to important historical events, the so-called narrative sources (oral and recorded memoirs, letters, diaries and school essays) provide historians with invaluable material to restore the picture of everyday life of the military historical era.

There is no conflict of interests.
«...You should always write for the past month – that there was a chronicle» (letters of I.D. Popko V.F. Zolotarenko in the GASK funds)
Authors: Ivantsov I. G. , Dubinin I. V.
Published: May 2020

One of the most famous historians of chernomoria is Ivan diomidovich Popko, author of books and a number of articles on the history of the Cossacks, who spent the Mature part of his adult life in Stavropol. Therefore, the main part of its archive is stored there. A significant part of it consists of personal letters from Ekaterinodar, Tiflis, Vladikavkaz, St. Petersburg, and other cities. In the State archive of the Stavropol territory, the Fund 377, the authors were able to discover documents of great interest to historians who study the everyday life of the city of Ekaterinodar the mid-nineteenth century – it notes (4 sheets) exchanged between young Ivan and Diomidovich Vasily Fedorovich to the last departure in Stavropol, and 39 letters I.D. Popko, V.F., Zolotarenko, in the period from 1847 to 1855 A review of the identified notes and letters is offered to the reader.

There is no conflict of interest.
Molecular structure, frontier molecular orbitals, NBO, MESP and thermodynamic properties of 5,12-dibromo perylene with DFT calculation methods
Authors: AKMAN Murat , ATA Ahmet Çağrı , YİLDİKO Ümit , CAKMAK İsmail
Published: May 2020

Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) has been used as industrial pigments for many years. This perspective makes it important to determine the synthesis and physical properties of PTCDA derivatives and their functional properties for application as electron acceptors in organic transistors. In the gas phase, the quantum chemical study of the 5,12-dibromoperylene compound was performed using the basic set of LanL2DZ and 6-311G of the density function theory (DFT)-B3LYP method. Because basic set of LanL2DZ and 6-311G of the density function theory (DFT)-B3LYP method are predicted to yield more efficient and verifiable results than others. 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HOMO-LUMO analysis, dipole moment, molecular electrostatic surface potential (MESP) and natural orbital bond (NBO) analysis of the molecule were carried out. The results were shown with graphs, tables and figures. In the comparison of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR results with the experimental values, B3LYP 6-311G gave more successful results. The nonlinear optical properties of the compound were determined.
WACANA ESKATOLOGIS DALAM PUTRU PASAJI
Authors: Mayuni Anak Agung Inten , Yasa I Wayan Suka , Utama I Wayan Budi
Published: May 2020

Putru Pasaji merupakan salah satu teks kesusastraan Hindu yang diwarisi di Bali dan selalu dibacakan dalam ritual kematian ‘mamukur’. Kedudukan dan fungsinya sebagai wacana mantra menjadikan wacana di dalam teks tersebut tidak dipahami sepenuhnya oleh umat Hindu. Melalui analisis wacana kritis van Dijk yang memfokuskan kajiannya pada dimensi teks, kognisi sosial, dan konteks sosial ditemukan bahwa wacana yang dominan dalam teks Putru Pasaji adalah eskatologi Hindu. Teks ini menyampaikan wacana keutamaan sesaji dalam konteks ekatologis, yakni perjalanan roh setelah kematian. Konsep svarga, naraka, karmaphala, punarbhawa, serta moksa yang dihubungkan dengan sesaji membangun wacana eskatologis dalam Putru Pasaji secara holistik dan komprehensif.
KREATIVITAS IDA WAYAN OKA GRANOKA DALAM SENI PERTUNJUKAN BALI
Authors: Semadi Gusti Ngurah Yoga
Published: May 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan membedah kreativitas Ida Wayan Oka Granoka dalam seni pertunjukan Bali di desa kelahirannya (Desa Budakeling) dan bersama sanggar Maha Bajra Sandhi di Banjar Batu Kandik, Denpasar yang tentu saja ditopang oleh motivasi berkesenian yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini difokuskan menganalisis motivasi, proses kreatif dan pesan karya seni pertunjukan yang ditampilkan oleh Granoka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang motif yang melatarbelakangi kreativitas Ida Wayan Oka Granoka dalam Seni Pertunjukan Bali meliputibeberapa aspek (a) genetik, (b) kompotensi, (c) sarana dan prasarana, (d) dukungan keluarga, (e) anugrah, (f) pendidikan yaitu dari pendidikan keluarga, didikan dang guru, menyikapi penomena pendidikan sekarang (g) ekonomi, (h) agama, dan (i) idialisme terdiri dari niskama karma, pantang menyerah, seni sebagai solusi hidup, idiologi kebangsaan, dan perputaran yadnya cakra.Kemudian, proses kreatif Granoka di bidang seni pertunjukan Bali melalui beberapa tahapan proses awal, pertengahan dan akhir. Hasil yang telah dicapai meliputi karya seni pertunjukan, seni sastra daerah, seni lukis, seni suara atau vokal. Pesan-pesan yang disampaikan dalam kreativitasnya di bidang seni pertunjukan Bali adalah pesan kebenaran religius (satyam), pesan kesucian religius (siwam),dan pesan estetika religius (sundaram).
DISIPLIN KEILMUAN HINDU: TELAAH FILSAFAT ILMU
Authors: Sukarma I Wayan
Published: May 2020

Agama tampil dengan beragam wajah dalam masyarakat manusia, karena itu muncullah berbagai pandangan tentang agama. Paradoks pandangan antara teolog dan ilmuwan, bahkan menimbulkan persaingan antara agama dan sains. Bersyukur Friedrich Max Muller mempromosikan The Science of Religion (ilmu agama), memandang agama secara objektif. Tujuannya, menemukan elemen dan prinsip yang seragam dalam agama berdasarkan fakta, pola, kebiasaan, ritual, dan kepercayaan. Realitas objektif ini, juga ditampilkan agama Hindu, baik sebagai gejala, fenomena, teks, maupun relasi sosial lainnya yang dapat ditelaah secara ontologi, epistemologi, dan aksiologi. Dengan harapan, studi ilmiah tentang Hindu dapat memberikan konstribusi, baik pada keilmuan maupun keagamaan Hindu.
AKTUALISASI VARNᾹSRAMA DHARMA DALAM KESADARAN SOSIAL UMAT HINDU BALI
Authors: Sutana I Gede
Published: May 2020

Masyarakat Bali yang mayoritas beragama Hindu di kehidupan sosial memiliki struktur kelas yang umum disebut oleh kalangan awam adalah kasta ataupun wangsa. Tetapi pada era kontemporer ini justru dari perkembangan rasional masyarakat mempertanyakan kebenaran dari perspektif Tri Wangsa dan Jaba Wangsa dengan Varnāsrama Dharma, yang mana menjadi dominan dalam keadaan sosial kolektif dewasa ini. Dengan berpijak pada pustaka Weda sebagai kebenaran tertinggi umat Hindu, maka dengan demikian kesadaran sosial masyarakat Hindu untuk lebih penting mengaktualisasikan konsep Varnāsrama Dharma. Dalam tulisan ini, untuk mengamati struktur dan sistem yang membentuk teraktualisasinya konsep Varnāsrama Dharma dalam kesadaran kelas masyarakat umat Hindu Bali, dianalisis menggunakan strukturalisme genetik Pierre Bourdieu sebagai alat untuk mengamati sistem-sistem yang membentuk atau membangun teraktualisasinya Varnāsrama Dharma. Dengan memperhatikan habitus, kapital, dan arena yang merupakan komponen strukturalisme genetik sehingga membentuk sistem dari aktualisasi Varnāsrama Dharma dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat Hindu Bali.
JAMALI : IDENTITAS HINDU DI DUSUN BONGSO WETAN DAN KULON DESA PENGALANGAN GRESIK JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Gunawan Ida Bagus Made Sadu , Paramita I Gusti Agung , Saputra I Gusti Ngurah Teguh Arya
Published: May 2020

Artikel ini membahas tentang pembentukan identitas Hindu di dua dusun di Desa Pengalangan, Menganti yakni Dusun Bongso Wetan dan Kulon. Umat Hindu di Dusun Bongso adalah etnis Madura. Mereka menganut agama Hindu sejak pergulatan politik tahun 1965. Meskipun mereka memilih menganut Hindu, namun hubungan atau relasi sosial dengan umat lain di dusunnya sangat baik. Mereka masih menjunjung tinggi tradisi dan nilai-nilai budaya Jawa. Di sinilah menarik umat Hindu di Bongso, mereka mengidentifikasi identitas diri sebagai Jawa, Madura dan Bali. Identitas mereka adalah perpaduan tiga budaya tersebut. Pembentukan identitas tersebut berlangsung sangat panjang, melalui adaptasi yang cukup lentur, sehingga terbentuknya identitas yang mereka sebut JAMALI: Jawa, Madura dan Bali
PERLINDUNGAN DAN PELESTARIAN BENDEGA SEBAGAI ORGANISASI TRADISIONAL NELAYAN DI BALI
Authors: Wibawa I Putu Sastra
Published: May 2020

Pengaturan tentang perlindungan dan pelestarian bendega sebagai organisasi tradisional nelayan telah di atur dalam Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Bendega. Kemudian berdasarkan ketentuan pasal 4 peraturan tersebut telah dijabarkan dalam Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Denpasar Nomor 6 Tahun 2019 tentang Perlindungan dan Pelestarian Bendega dan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Badung Nomor 6 Tahun 2019 tentang Perlindungan dan Pelestarian Bendega sebagai aturan tindak lanjutnya. Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Bendega mengandung prinsip pluralisme hukum. Terdapat beberapa unsur yang menggambarkan sebuah segitiga. Pertama, sudut bagian atas mengandung unsur nilai etika, moral dan ajaran agama (dalam hal ini dalam Perda Bendega di wakili unsur ajaran tri hita karana dan ajaran agama Hindu sebagai landasan perlindungan dan pelestarian bendega di Bali). Kedua, sudut segitiga bagian kiri mengandung unsur hukum negara (dalam hal ini dalam Perda Bendega di wakili unsur Pemerintah Daerah dan Gubernur sebagai bagian struktur hukum negara, sedangkan substansi hukum diwakili oleh Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali tentang Bendega dan dilanjutkan pengaturannya dalam Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten/ Kota yang mengatur tentang Perlindungan dan Pelestarian Bendega). Ketiga, sudut segitiga bagian kanan mengandung unsur hukum adat atau unsur masyarakat adat (dalam hal ini dalam Perda Bendega di wakili unsur krama bendega, prajuru bendega, dan awig-awig organisasi bendesa). Tergolong dalam pluralisme hukum kuat.
AJARAN CATUR GURU DALAM PENGUATAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Suardana I Made
Published: May 2020

Artikel ini membahas tentang dunia pendidikan di Kabupaten Karangasem, khususnya di Tianyar Tengah. Ada beberapa sikap dan perilaku menyimpang seperti tidak mematuhi norma sekolah, berani melawan guru, menghina guru, perkelahian, merusak fasilitas pemerintah, ketidakjujuran dan sebagainya. Melihat persoalan ini maka SMP Negeri Satu Atap Tianyar Tengah menggencarkan pembelajaran yang berbasis pada nilai agama dan karakter. Salah satu ajaran agama yang digunakan dalam proses pembentukan karakter adalah Catur Guru. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji tentang pembelajaran Catur Guru dalam penguatan karakter peserta didik.
EKOKRITIK SASTRA: SEBUAH KEARIFAN LINGKUNGAN DALAM NOVEL ‘PING! A MESSAGE FROM BORNEO’
Authors: Yudari A. A. Kade Sri
Published: May 2020

Krisis lingkungan terjadi karena ulah manusia. Manusia sering kurang memahami alam dan memiliki kesulitan untuk menciptakan sebuah relasi yang baik dengan lingkungan hidupnya. Artikel ini membahas relasi antara manusia dan lingkungan hidup yang terdapat dalam novel ‘Ping! A Message from Borneo’ karya Riawani Elyta dan Shabrina W.S. Dalam artikel ini, yang dianalisis adalah unsur-unsur struktur naratif pada novel dengan pendekatan ekokritik. Hasil analisis dan kesimpulan yang ditemukan dari novel tersebut mengandung sebuah gagasan utama bahwa hakikat manusia dan alam adalah satu. Adanya pesan yang utuh dan kuat disampaikan oleh pengarang kepada para remaja Indonesia untuk peduli terhadap pembalakan hutan dan satwa langka, khususnya orang utan di Kalimantan.
FORMATION OF MATHEMATICAL APPARATU FOR THE METHODOLOGY OF EMERGENCY PREVENTION ON SOLID WASTE LANDFILL WITH TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT
Authors: Rashkevich N.
Published: May 2020

The landfill with technological equipment becomes a clear danger of emergencies. The dangerous factors of emergencies there is landslides of waste mass, explosion of biogas on technological equipment. Modern scientific research aimed at establishing the laws of soil mechanics, obtaining the maximum amount of methane in the biogas composition, an unresolved part of the problem of ensuring civil security is the lack of an adequate method of emergency prevention. In the course of research, by the author was developed a mathematical model of emergency prevention on solid waste landfill with technological equipment. The mathematical model consists of an equation that describes the number of casualties due to an emergency and an equation that describes the existence of solutions to separate problems of estimating the conditions for determining the density, humidity, temperature of the waste mass. The desired solution of a separate problem is an analytical dependence that describes the relationship of the density of the waste mass in accordance with the variation of the physical parameters of the load force, porosity, height of waste storage. The desired solution of a separate problem is an analytical dependence that describes the relationship of the humidity of the waste mass in accordance with the variation of the input and visible fluid flows, density. The desired solution of a separate problem is an analytical dependence that describes the relationship of the temperature of the waste mass in accordance with the variation of the amount of heat supplied, generated, discharged. The number of people affected by an emergency is less than the objective level of the effects of the hazard, and the number of people with impaired living conditions is less than or equal to the objective level. Emergency prevention involves a set of measures aimed at preventing an increase in the number of victims, casualties, and persons with impaired living conditions from an object level to a higher level.
Keywords: solid waste landfill, emergency, temperature, humidity, density.