bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH JARAK ANTAR ELEKTRODA PLAT STAINLESS STEEL TERHADAP PRODUKTIFITAS DAN EFISIENSI GENERATOR HHO MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEKTROLISIS AIR SUMUR DENGAN KATALIS NaHCO3
Authors: Sahwan Khairul , Tamjidillah Mastiadi
Published: September 2020

Gas HHO merupakan energi alternatif yang dapat menggantikan sumber energi fosil. Gas HHO dapat diproduksi dengan beberapa cara termasuk elektrolisis air. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode elektrolisis air sumur menggunakan katalis NaHCO3 dalam penelitian ini. Peneliti menggunakan variasi jarak antar roda yaitu 2mm, 4mm, dan 6mm. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memproduksi gas HHO pada 50 pertama adalah yang tercepat pada jarak 2 mm yaitu 95 detik. Sedangkan paling lambat di jarak 6 mm, 123 detik. Laju aliran gas HHO pada jarak 2 mm lebih besar dari pada laju alir pada jarak 4 mm dan jarak 6 mm. Semakin kecil jarak antar pelat maka semakin cepat pula gas HHO yang dihasilkan. Pada saat proses elektrolisis, didapatkan tegangan yang lebih rendah dengan jarak 6 mm yaitu 3,4 volt sedangkan arus terendah diperoleh pada jarak 2 mm yaitu 4,25 ampere. Energi listrik terendah diperoleh pada jarak 2 mm yaitu 50 ml start menggunakan energi 1266,35 joule. Dari beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi generator HHO didapatkan efisiensi tertinggi pada jarak 2 mm yaitu rata-rata 37,90% dan efisiensi terendah pada jarak 6 mm yaitu 20,58%, sehingga diperoleh efisiensi pelat 2 mm. HHO gas is an alternative energy that can replace fossil energy sources. HHO gas can be produced in several ways including water electrolysis. In this study the researchers used the electrolysis method of well water using NaHCO3 catalyst in this study. The researchers used variations in the distance between the wheels, namely 2mm, 4mm, and 6mm. From the research, it was concluded that the time needed to produce HHO gas in the first 50 was the fastest at a distance of 2 mm, which is 95 seconds. While at the latest at a distance of 6 mm, 123 seconds. HHO gas flow rate at a distance of 2 mm is greater than the flow rate at a distance of 4 mm and a distance of 6 mm. The smaller the distance between plates, the faster the HHO gas will be generated. Which is used during the electrolysis process, where the lower voltage is obtained with a distance of 6 mm which is 3.4 volts while the lowest current is obtained at a distance of 2 mm which is 4.25 amperes. The lowest electrical energy is obtained at a distance of 2 mm ie 50 ml starting using energy of 1266.35 joules From several factors that affect the efficiency of the HHO generator, the highest efficiency is found at a distance of 2 mm, which is an average of 37.90% and the lowest efficiency at a distance of 6 mm, which is 20.58%, so that the efficiency is obtained plate 2 mm.
Editorial – Global Politics, the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
Authors: Gehre Galvão Thiago , Zeferino de Menezes Henrique
Published: September 2020

A publicação de uma edição especial do Meridiano 47 - Revista de Política Global sobre a Agenda 2030 e os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável coloca o Brasil e o Sul Global no centro dos debates sobre um dos assuntos mais relevantes e que têm animado periódicos, artigos e conferências internacionais no mundo todo. De fato, esse dossiê é uma genuína contribuição intelectual para as discussões sobre os impactos da Agenda 2030, debatendo os desafios à política global em relação à Agenda 2030 e aos ODS, como territorialização e níveis de implementação, orquestração e prestação de contas, potencial transformador dos ODS, conciliação entre pesquisa e atividades de aprendizagem e extensão, bem como problematizando o tema dos indicadores. Além disso, busca fornecer recorte claro da perspectiva brasileira sobre a política global dos ODS.
Rancang Bangun Kompor (Burner) Berbahan Bakar Oli Bekas
Authors: Pratama Annasruddin , Basyirun Basyirun , Atmojo Yohan Widhi , Ramadhan Gilang Wahyu , Hidayat Alif Rivan
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rancang bangun kompor (burner) berbahan bakar oli bekas, beserta spesifikasinya dan mengetahui hasil pengujian menggunakan kompor (burner) pembakaran oli bekas. Berangkat dari kurangnya pemanfaatan limbah oli bekas dan belum adanya alat yang baik untuk memanfaatkan oli bekas tersebut. Disisi lain apabila digunakan sebagai bahan bakar, oli bekas tidak menghasilkan pembakaran sempurna. Penelitian ini menggunakan model perancangan French. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa kompor (burner) yang dirancang memiliki bentuk yang besar dibandingkan pada burner pada umumnya. Kompor (burner) mencapai tekanan 3.5 bar dengan suhu mencapai 1127 °C. Api yang dihasilkan oli bekas berwarna jingga. Perbandingan bahan bakar menghasilkan data bahwa elpiji lebih cepat 16 menit dibandingkan oli bekas dalam peleburan alumunium. Panjang nyala api paling tinggi ialah 1.57 m pada variasi tekanan udara 3 bar dan paling rendah ialah 0.83 m pada tekanan 1 bar. Adanya pengaruh variasi tekanan terhadap temperatur pembakaran dengan temperatur minimal dan maksimal mencapai titik tertinggi  dengan tekanan sebesar 2.5 bar dengan temperatur sebesar 118 °C dan 994 °C sedangkan untuk titik terendah pada temperatur minimal dan maksimal pada tekanan 1 bar dengan temperatur sebesar 80,4 °C dan 662 °C dengan tekanan 0,5 bar. Waktu konsumsi bahan bakar dengan variasi jarak sebesar 2200 km menghasilkan waktu yang cukup singkat yaitu sebesar 12 menit 25 detik. Sedangkan waktu konsumsi yang diperoleh dari variasi jarak 1800 km sebesar 17 menit 11 detik.
Perancangan Kapal Tanpa Awak Penebar Pakan Ikan di Wilayah Pesisir Pantai Berbasis Microcontroller Arduino
Authors: Dabit Aknaf Sam , Lianto Abdillah Ebriel , Branta Satrya Ady , Laksono Fajar Budi , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Muhayat Nurul
Published: September 2020

Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) banyak digunakan di daerah maritim. Di Indonesia ada banyak petani tambak ikan yang masih melakukan proses pemberian pakan ikan secara manual menggunakan tenaga manusia. Untuk pembudidaya ikan yang memiliki kolam 10 m × 4 m atau lebih, hanya bisa menabur pakan ikan di pinggir kolam, sehingga pakan ikan tidak bisa merata hingga ke tengah kolam. Kapal tanpa awak penebar pakan ikan berbasis microcontroller Arduino ini dibuat sebagai solusi untuk masalah petani ikan yang memiliki ukuran kolam besar dalam distribusi pakan ikan lebih merata. Dengan menggunakan kapal tanpa awak penebar pakan ikan berbasis microcontroller Arduino pemberian pakan ikan akan lebih mudah, efisien, dan merata. Tiga sensor ultrasonic yang terpasang dibagian depan kapal terhubung dengan Arduino Due, yang dilanjutkan dengan melakukan paralel dengan Arduino Uno yang mengatur pergerakan servo MG-995 untuk menggerakkan daun kemudi kapal. Kapal dirancang mampu membawa beban pakan ikan sebesar 5 kg dan mampu dioperasikan secara manual maupun otomatis. Pengoperasian otomasi kapal dibantu dengan Arduino Uno dan Arduino Due sebagai pusat pengaturan, dan tiga sensor ultrasonic memberi sinyal dengan menangkap pengahalang didepan kapal, sehingga kapal mampu berbelok sebelum terjadi tabrakan.
THE EFECTIVENESS OF RHETORIC-BASED ESSAY WRITING TEACHING MODEL WITH CONTEXTUAL APPROACH
Authors: Akbar Akbar , HP Achmad
Published: September 2020

This study aims to develop a rhetoricâ€“based essay writing teaching model with contextual approach in order to improve essay writing skills of students in the English Department of the Education and Teaching Faculty of Lakidende University of Konawe. This instructional model was developed by using research and development. The results show that the model can improve studentsâ€™ essay writing skills effectively.. It was done in experimental class of the Education and Teaching Faculty of Lakidende University of Konawe Southeast Sulawesi province of Indonesia with the score of 69,80. Thus, it can be concluded that the rhetoricâ€“based essay writing teaching model with contextual approach that has been developed can improve the essay writing skills of students of English Department. It was proper
THE STRUCTURE OF POEM IN TALE KERINCI FOLKLORE
Authors: Nazurty Nazurty , Rafli Zainal
Published: September 2020

Tale is the folklore in the form of poem that is sung. This study aims to gain in-depth understanding of the structure of Tale poem in the release of the Kerinci pilgrims. This qualitative study employed content analysis as the method with a structural approach. This study discussed the structure of the Tale poem. The results of the study are Tale poem consists of sampiran phrase, the rhyme/ sound phrase, and content. It composed by ten lines to twenty lines. It has ab ab rhyme according to the sound phrase flanking each line. The sound expression serves as rhyme and rhythm former.
THE LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATION OF STUDENTSâ€™ PRESENTATION IN ACCELERATION PROGRAM OF SMA LABSCHOOL JAKARTA
Authors: Sulistyaningrum Siti Drivoka , Rasyid Yumna
Published: September 2020

This study aims at investigating the kinds of taxis and logico-semantic relation of studentsâ€™ presentation in Acceleration Program of SMA Labschool Jakarta. The meanings represented in clause complexes are analyzed based on the concept of relationship between clauses suggested by Halliday (1994: 373). The analysis of taxis and logico-semantic relation is necessary in order to present a pattern of the complexity of the acceleration students. The observation video was recorded in class K-12 then transcribed and analyzed by means of analysis of clause complexes proposed by Gerot and Wignell (1994: 21). The finding in the study shows that the clause complexity in the acceleration studentsâ€™ presentation is varied. In the first group consisting 4 female students, almost all kinds of taxis and logico-semantic are relation found in their presentation, except hypotactic extension. In correspondence with the first group, the second group consisting 4 male students, has produced all kinds of relation except locution. From all groups the type of taxis and logico-semantic relation mostly arises is paratactic elaboration. The analysis of meaning reveals that the dominant meaning is addition which appears from extension
POLITENESS OF SPEAKING IN WATAMPONE COMMUNITY (Ethnographic Research Communications In Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan)
Authors: Safar Muh. , Akhadiah Sabarti
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to describe in detail about politeness of speaking in Watampone community. The focus of this research is politeness of speaking in Watampone community. The subfocus is politeness in terms of the principles of cooperative and cultural aspects of Watampone community. This study was a qualitative research by using ethnographyof communication method. The technigues and procedures of data collection were used such as observation, recordings and transcrips, and interviews. Based on data analysis, the politeness of speaking in Watampone community used in formal in situation the first Watampone community apply the principles of cooperative and second, cultural aspects can be seen verbal and nonverbally.
Semiotic Review of Verbal Literature of Riwok Kerinci
Authors: Suhaimi Nazurty
Published: September 2020

Riwok verbal literature is a customary speech text delivered at the ceremonial feast of Sko. This study aims to interpret the expressions contained in the Riwok text through Semiotic Review. This study is a qualitative study using semiotic approach. Semiotic approach used to assess the meaning of the phrase in the text of verbal literature Riwok is based on semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce, namely the triangular theory of meaning or meaning triangle which consists of three main elements, namely the sign, object, and interpretant. Signs, according to Peirce, consists of symbol (signs created from agreement), Icon (sign created from physical representation) and Index (sign created from cause-effect relationships). The results of the study found that in in the expression of Riwok text there are icon, index, and symbol signs. The signs were found in all Riwok texts. Based on the analysis of Riwok text, semiotic signs most commonly found is a sign of symbol. Symbols are found in the phrase which states the requirements for being an indigenous leader, a phrase which states the behavior of leaders, the phrase which states the roles, duties, and functions of traditional leaders, as well as the phrase stating customary sanctions.
The Maintenance of Gorontalo Language through Teaching The Local Content at Elementary Schools
Authors: H. Otoluwa Moon , Tanipu Zulkifli , Usu Novi Rusnarty , Talib Rasuna
Published: September 2020

The current condition exposes the degradation of number of speakers even the use of Gorontalo language. It is proved by the data which show that almost 40% of respondents cannot speak Gorontalo language actively. As a consequence, the maintenance of Gorontalo language is a must to prevent this phenomenon to be worse. One of the effective ways to maintain Gorontalo language is teaching the Gorontalo language through the local content at elementary schools. Moreover, the teaching process should involve cultural and linguistic aspects of the language.
VALUES OF DAKWAH IN HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY NOVEL (Genetic Stucturalism Study)
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Emzir Emzir , Lustyantie Ninuk
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to know the values â€‹â€‹of dakwah in novel Habiburrahman El Shirazy. This research is done by using qualitative approach with descriptive method. Data are collected through reading as critically, deeply and thorough, record-keeping, coding, and identification. Data analyzed were interpreted in terms of theme, plot, character and characterization, and background. The corner of the social background of society in the novel, the viewpoint of the author's world. The results of this study find the forms of dakwah values â€‹â€‹in this novel structure include Muamalah which includes law, education, politics, economy, family, social, and culture; Worship which includes syahdat, sholat, puas, zakat, and haji; Aqidah which includes believing in God, believing in angels, believing in the book, believing in apostles, believing in the last day, and believing in qodo and qodar. The findings of this research should be recommended to be a study of literature appreciation in schools and universities and need to be disseminated to the community to support the implementation of the formation of Islamic character and apply dakwah values.
EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING MATERIAL READING CONTEMPORY CHINESE LITERATURE AND CULTURE-BASED CULTURE WORKS
Authors: Biduri Febi Nur , Rasyid Yumna
Published: September 2020

A research and development of teaching materials will focus on the development of textbook products in accordance with the needs of students, lecturers and also majors. Culture and literature knowledge that has been studied in Mandarin Darma Persada University program is not maximal and in accordance with the needs of students. So to adjust to the needs of these students making these teaching materials using the theme of contextual Chinese and cultural literature-based. To test the effectiveness of the model researchers have conducted experimental teaching materials to read the works of literature and culture-based Mandarin contextual, research conducted using the theory of experimental pre so that only implemented in one class reading 5 faculty of Chinese language and culture of Darma Persada University in academic year 2016/2017 in Jakarta. Respondents of the study were 18 students who had mastered Mandarin well, the results of this study indicate that T count (4.060) is greater than T table (2.101), thus it can be concluded that this significant mean difference means Ho is rejected and H1 be accepted. Thus the teaching material model of reading the literature and culture culture of Mandarin based on contextual is more effective in improving students' reading skill in semester 5.
PERILAKU SOSIAL WANITA RAWAN SOSIAL TERKAIT DENGAN NORMA, ETIKA DAN ESTETIKA LINGKUNGAN DI PRUMPUNG
Authors: FITRIA FITRIA PITRI
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This study aims to describe the views of the public towards Social Vulnerable Women (SVW) related to norms, ethics, and environmental aesthetics, orientation and patterns of education dissemination in the SVW family, as well as the impact of implementing education on reproductive prostitution for SVW children. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The subjects used in this study were four SVW families consisting of children who went to school and did not attend school as well as mothers who worked as SVW, residents living in the Prumpung area. The results of this study show that as migrants who worked as SVW in Prumpung, they were maintaining their behavior with local residents. Although the work they do is contrary to norms, ethics, and environmental aesthetics. As SVW all their lives, they want to get out of that dark life. Second, people's views on SVW's social behavior in Prumpung are related to the norms, ethics and environmental aesthetics of Prumpung. The community around the beginning did not like the presence of the SVW, but over time the people or natives finally accepted their existence. This is evidenced by the establishment of rented houses, restaurants and taxibike services to service SVW. Third, the factors that support SVW's social behavior related to norms, ethics and environmental aesthetics include increasing economic needs and the lack of education they have.
TANGGUNG JAWAB LINGKUNGAN DAN PERSEPSI ANCAMAN EKOLOGI TERHADAP PERILAKU PRO-LINGKUNGAN KARYAWAN PERUSAHAAN DI DAS CITARUM KECAMATAN BABAKANCIKAO KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Istiana Rita
Published: September 2020

This study aims to measure the relationship between corporate environmental responsibilityand the perception of ecological threats to the pro-environmental behavior of company employees. Itwas found that the environmental responsibility of the company had an effect on the pro-environmentbehavior of employees by 20.1%, which means that the role of the company to make rules or norms ofpro-environment behavior was still very low. The perception of ecological threats has an effect on thepro-environment behavior of employees by 33.7%, this explains that employees' knowledge ofecological threats is low and has not been able to provide awareness of the company's environmentalsustainability. The corporate environmental responsibility and the perception of ecological threatsaffect the pro-environment behavior of the company's employees by 34.3%. These results can explainthat the role of companies to educate their employees and the application of environmentalpreservation rules and norms needs to be further improved.
PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DAN KESULITAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA: STUDI LINTAS SEMESTER PADA MATERI USAHA ENERGI
Authors: Asnawi Nizami , Indika Seprapti Anggreni , Haqqo Arinal , Lailaul Fitriyah Ana , Kusairi Sentot , Parno Parno
Published: September 2020

Understanding concepts is one of the goals of learning physics, however there are manyindications that students have learning difficulties. This study aims to determine theunderstanding of the concepts and difficulties of students in work and energy materials and tocompare the results across semesters. This quantitative study involved 152 students majoringin physics at one of the universities in Bengkulu Province. The research instrument consistedof 4 well-reasoned multiple choice questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.The reason is used for categorizing the level of understanding of student concepts. The resultsshowed that the level of understanding of student concepts was in the category of IU(Incorrect Understanding). Students are also indicated to experience difficulties in the sub-concept of energy, effort due to gravitational force, effort due to non-conservative force, andmechanical energy.
Revisión sistemática de artículos calificados con base en JCR y SJR: coproducción de servicios públicos entre 1970-2018
Authors: Oliveira-Militão Luciana , Celis-León Andrea Juliet , Silva-Farias Josivania , Demo Gisela
Published: September 2020

La coproducción es una estrategia que los gobiernos pueden utilizar para lograr una mayor eficiencia y eficacia en la prestación de los servicios públicos con la contribución de la sociedad. Esta revisión sistemática se propone analizar la literatura empírica sobre la coproducción de los servicios públicos, calificada internacionalmente con base en JCR y SJR. Sus objetivos específicos son: identificar las características bibliométricas de estos estudios empíricos; describir sus aspectos metodológicos; verificar cómo se ha discutido en estos trabajos la participación ciudadana y las iniciativas gubernamentales orientadas a promover la coproducción; y proponer una agenda de investigaciones. Los resultados demuestran que América Latina es el locus del 19 % de las investigaciones sobre el tema. Por otra parte, fue identificada una pequeña incidencia de revistas latinoamericanas de alto impacto con base en JCR y SJR, hecho que posiblemente puede explicarse por la publicación predominante en los idiomas español y portugués, pese a que el inglés parece ser el idioma más accesible para los investigadores internacionales. También se evidenció que la producción científica ha crecido en la última década, en especial entre el 2016 y el 2018. Los principales métodos empleados fueron el estudio de casos y el experimental. Se identificaron cinco categorías relacionadas con iniciativas gubernamentales y tres con participación ciudadana. Este artículo ofrece como contribución propuestas de investigación basadas en artículos altamente calificados que pueden guiar nuevos estudios empíricos que aún son escasos en la literatura latinoamericana. Además, la adopción de procedimientos transparentes de selección de artículos permite su replicabilidad en las revisiones futuras.
2021 SPE President: Thomas A. Blasingame
Authors: Boschee Pam
Published: September 2020

Thomas A. (Tom) Blasingame will take office as 2021 SPE President during the virtual SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition in October.

He is a professor of Petroleum Engineering at Texas A&M University, where he began teaching as an undergraduate teaching assistant in 1982 after becoming a student in 1980. He joined the full-time staff as an assistant professor in 1991. He has graduated 72 MS and 16 PhD students since 1991 and has prepared approximately 170 technical articles.

He is the second SPE President to come from academia, both from Texas A&M; the first was John Calhoun in 1964.

Blasingame has been active in SPE since the early 1990s, serving in a wide variety of roles. He has chaired 20 conferences, 11 ATWs, three forums, and two SPE summits. He served on the SPE International Board of Directors as the Technical Director for Reservoir from 2015 to 2018.

He also served as a Distinguished Lecturer, was named a Distinguished Member, and received SPE’s highest honor, SPE Honorary Member. Other SPE honors include the Distinguished Service Award, Lester C. Uren Award, Distinguished Achievement Award for Petroleum Engineering Faculty, Anthony

F. Lucas Gold Medal, DeGolyer Distinguished Service Medal, and the SPE Gulf Coast Distinguished Achievement Award for Petroleum Engineering Faculty.

Blasingame holds BS, MS, and PhD degrees in petroleum engineering from Texas A&M University.

What key issues will you emphasize as 2021 SPE President?

My goal as the 2021 SPE President is to symbolize encouragement and engagement, while also challenging every member to “increase their contribution” to SPE. I am not naïve, but I am sentimental; I know the power of encouragement and the value of character-driven leadership. My goal is to provide both.

Everyone has been asking me, what is your “theme?” My theme is “overall strategy” - survive/revive/thrive.

I have broken down the key issues as

2020-2021 Survive. Focus on what we have to do to survive.

2021-2022 Revive. Work to get back to normal.

2021-2022 Thrive. Do what we do best, and even better than before.
New Fracture Diagnostic Test Delivers Tight Reservoir Data in 2 Hours or Less, Bolsters Future of Engineered Completions
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: September 2020

One of the grand challenges facing the oil and gas industry’s global quest to improve the potential of tight reservoirs involves designing horizontal-well completions that match the often-complex heterogeneity of the target formations.

This sums up the general concept most call the “engineered completion.”

In theory, tailoring a stimulation job to the varying rock properties found along the lateral section of a horizontal wellbore should result in better production for less capital. In practice, the industry has never attempted to do this on a meaningful scale.

Among other reasons, the detailed subsurface data required to shake the bonds of geometric, or “cookie cutter,” designs have long been considered too costly to gather or too time-consuming to analyze.

A shift is underway though.

This is thanks in part to a number of innovations that have hit the market in recent years to meet rising demand for real-time completions-monitoring services. By interpreting pressure signals and other reservoir responses, the new tools aim to give operators the competency they need to adjust fracture designs as the stimulation progresses.

But there is another route to the engineered completion.

It begins before the well is hydraulically fractured. This effort to predetermine different fracture-stage designs has established its own distinct arena of innovation.

Behnam Zanganeh, a former research student at the University of Calgary, was part of a team that developed one of the latest approaches. It is notable in part because it requires no new technology - just new ways of thinking about some old ideas.

In a paper published last month during the virtual Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Zanganeh and his fellow petrotechnical researchers showed how multiple points in a wellbore can be tested for different reservoir-quality parameters quickly and simply relative to traditional methods (URTeC 2838). This is done by combining and fundamentally altering a test known for being slow: the diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT). The biggest change it calls for is to start flowback after the injection cycle for flowback analysis (FBA), thus eliminating the lengthy falloff cycle associated with the DFIT.

The paper outlines a validation study done with Sydney-based Origin Energy which used the blended DFIT-FBA method in a vertical open hole to test two previously untested horizons in the Beetaloo Basin, a frontier unconventional gas play in the center of Australia’s Northern Territory. The results were integrated into the models Origin ultimately used to select its landing target for its subsequent horizontal program.
The Spar Platform: A Design That Transformed Deepwater Development
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: September 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30709, “The Spar Platform: Transforming Deepwater Development,” by Anil Kumar Sablok and Tim Otis Weaver, TechnipFMC/Genesis, and John Edwin Halkyard, Deep Reach Technology, prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Houston, 4-7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

The spar is the only successful dry-tree solution for deepwater production that can operate successfully in the deepest fields and the most severe environments. Its deep draft results in natural periods outside the range of waves, which has led to its wide acceptance for different field scenarios. The complete paper is an extensive review of the evolution of spar designs, focusing on the progression of work that ultimately led to the application of a transformative concept to the oil industry.

Introduction

The spar can support a drilling rig as well as top-tensioned production risers in water depths thousands of feet greater than the water depth limit for a tension-leg platform (TLP). It is especially well equipped to support steel catenary risers (SCRs) using the pull-tube option, which allows the SCR to serve as a continuous welded steel containment for hydrocarbons from the seafloor to the topsides and protects the riser from vortex-induced vibration in the fastest part of the current profile. Broadly speaking, there are three configurations of spars: classic, truss, and cell, with the common feature being that the center of buoyancy is higher than center of gravity. Table 1 of the complete paper lists all oil and gas spar production platforms that have been installed at the time of writing, in chronological order of installation.

The complete paper devotes several pages to the spar’s initial development, including the crucial role of Edward Horton, the inventor and designer behind the spar production and storage concept and the TLP, and some of his colleagues. Years of development and navigation of various design challenges culminated in the installation of the Neptune spar in 1996 on time and budget. After the installation and success of Neptune, several other classic-design spars were implemented.

The riser system on the Neptune spar had two unique features: buoyancy cans provided the tension, and the riser passed through a point of high bending and potential wear at the keel. The keel joint was a straightforward design; a sleeve around the main riser pipe pro-vided wear protection and distributed the bending in the riser to two endpoints rather than at a single contact point.
Highly multiplexed quantifications of 299 somatic mutations in colorectal cancer patients by automated MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Chang , Peng Danli , Li Jialu , Chen Meihua , Hu Yujie , Hou Mingliang , Shang Qingjuan , Liang Qi , Li Jie , Li Wenfeng , Wu Xiaoli , Liu Changbao , Hu Wanle , Cai Mao , Zhang Huxiang , Chen Guorong , Yu Lingling , Zheng Xiaoqun , Jiang Feizhao , Luan Ju , Jin Shengnan , Ding Chunming
Published: September 2020

Background: Detection of somatic mutations in tumor tissues helps to understand tumor biology and guide treatment selection. Methods such as quantitative PCR can analyze a few mutations with high efficiency, while next generation sequencing (NGS) based methods can analyze hundreds to thousands of mutations. However, there is a lack of cost-effective method for quantitatively analyzing tens to a few hundred mutations of potential biological and clinical significance. Methods: Through a comprehensive database and literature review we selected 299 mutations associated with colorectal cancer. We then designed a highly multiplexed assay panel (8-wells covering 299 mutations in 109 genes) based on an automated MADLI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) platform. The multiplex panel was tested with a total of 319 freshly frozen tissues and 92 FFPE samples from 229 colorectal cancer patients, with 13 samples also analyzed by a targeted NGS method covering 532 genes. Results: Multiplex somatic mutation panel based on MALDI-TOF MS detected and quantified at least one somatic mutation in 142 patients, with KRAS, TP53 and APC being the most frequently mutated genes. Extensive validation by both capillary sequencing and targeted NGS demonstrated high accuracy of the multiplex MS assay. Out of 35 mutations tested with plasmid constructs, sensitivities of 5% and 10% mutant allele frequency were achieved for 19 and 16 mutations, respectively. Conclusions: Automated MALDI-TOF MS offers an efficient and cost-effective platform for highly multiplexed quantitation of 299 somatic mutations, which may be useful in studying the biological and clinical significance of somatic mutations with large numbers of cancer tissues.
Why is misdiagnosis more likely among some people with rare diseases than others? Insights from a population-based cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Dong Dong , Chung Roger Yat-Nork , Chan Rufina H.W. , Gong Shiwei , Xu Richard Huan
Published: September 2020

BackgroundFor patients with rare diseases (RD), misdiagnosis (or erroneous diagnosis) is one of the key issues that hinder RD patients’ accessibility to timely treatment. Yet, little is known about the main factors that are associated with RD patients’ misdiagnosis. The objective of this study is to analyze data from a national survey among 2,040 RD patients from China to explore the association between misdiagnosis and various factors, including patients’ demographics, socio-economic status, medical history, and their accessibility to RD information.ResultsThree binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between misdiagnosis and level of rarity of the RDs (mild, moderate, and severe), demographics, health insurance levels, and accessibility to disease-related information by using the total sample, and the adult and non-adult sub-samples. We found that accessibility to RD information is the most critical factor influencing the patients’ chances of being misdiagnosed (odds ratio [OR] =4.459, p<0.001). In other words, the greater the difficulty in accessing the information on RD management, the higher the possibility of experiencing misdiagnosis.Such influences of information accessibility on misdiagnosis were repeatedly discovered when examining the adult (OR=3.732, p<0.001) and the non-adult (OR=5.174, p<0.001) sub-samples. The association between perceived economic status and misdiagnosis was only significant in the total sample. The only other factor significantly associated with misdiagnosis was disease multimorbidity: participants who reported no multimorbidity are less likely to experience misdiagnosis (OR=0.42, p<0.001).ConclusionsOur study indicated that patients with RDs who have difficulty in accessing disease-related information are two to five times more likely to have experienced misdiagnosis. Even after adjusting for the patients’ age, gender, economic levels, and education levels, the impact of information accessibility was still significant. Our finding highlights the importance of access to information in reducing misdiagnosis among RD patients.
Identification of a quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with ammonia tolerance in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Zeng Digang , Yang Chunling , Li Qiangyong , Zhu Weilin , Chen Xiuli , Peng Min , Chen Xiaohan , Lin Yong , Wang Huanling , Liu Hong , Liang Jingzhen , Liu Qingyun , Zhao Yongzhen
Published: September 2020

Background: Ammonia is one of the most common toxicological environment factors affecting shrimp health. Although ammonia tolerance in shrimp is closely related to successful industrial production, few genetic studies of this trait are available. Results: In this study, we constructed a high-density genetic map of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). The constructed genetic map contained 17,338 polymorphic markers spanning 44 linkage groups, with a total distance of 6,360.12 centimorgans (cM) and an average distance of 0.37 cM. Using this genetic map, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that explained 7.41–8.46% of the phenotypic variance in L. vannamei survival time under acute ammonia stress. We then sequenced the transcriptomes of the most ammonia-tolerant and the most ammonia-sensitive individuals from each of four genetically distinct L. vannamei families. We found that 7546 genes were differentially expressed between the ammonia-tolerant and ammonia-sensitive individuals. Using QTL analysis and the transcriptomes, we identified one candidate gene (annotated as an ATP synthase g subunit) associated with ammonia tolerance. Conclusions: In this study, we constructed a high-density genetic map of L. vannamei and identified a QTL for ammonia tolerance. By combining QTL and transcriptome analyses, we identified a candidate gene associated with ammonia tolerance. Our work provides the basis for future genetic studies focused on molecular marker-assisted selective breeding.
Comparing Multiple Statistical Software for Multiple-Indicator, Multiple-Cause Modeling: An Application of Gender Disparity in Adult Cognitive Functioning Using MIDUS II Dataset
Authors: Chang Chi , Gardiner Joseph , Houang Richard T , Yu Yan-Liang
Published: September 2020

Background The Multiple-indicator, multiple-cause model (MIMIC) incorporates covariates of interest in the factor analysis using latent variable framework, of which classical structural equation model is a special case. The MIMIC model provides rigorous results and becomes broadly available in multiple statistical software. The current study introduces the MIMIC model and how it can be implemented using statistical software packages SAS CALIS procedure, R lavaan package, and Mplus version 8.0. Methods In this paper, we first discussed the formulation of the MIMIC model with regard to model specification and identification. We then demonstrated the empirical application of the MIMIC model with the Midlife in the United States II (MIDUS II) Study (N=4,109) using SAS CALIS procedure, R lavaan package and Mplus version 8.0 to examine gender disparities in cognitive functioning. The input, output, and diagram syntaxes of the three statistical software packages were also presented.Results In terms of data structure, all three statistical programs can be conducted using both raw data and empirical covariance matrix. SAS and R are comprehensive statistical analytic packages and encompass numerous data manipulation capacities. Mplus is designed primarily for latent variable modeling and has far more modeling flexibility compared to SAS and R, but limited in data manipulation. Differences in model results from the three statistical programs are trivial. Overall, the results show that while men show better performance in executive function than women, women demonstrate better episodic memory than men.Conclusions Our study demonstrates the utility of the MIMIC model in its empirical application, fitted with three popular statistical software packages. Results from our models align with empirical findings from previous research. We provide coding procedures and examples with detailed explanations in the hopes of providing a concise tutorial for researchers and methodologists interested in incorporating latent constructs with multiple indicators and multiple covariates in their research projects. Future researchers are encouraged to adopt this flexible and rigorous modeling approach.
Process evaluation of the implementation of a parenting programme for Somali-born parents living in Sweden
Authors: Osman Fatumo , Schön Ulla-Karin , Klingberg-Allvin Marie , Flacking Renée , Tistad Malin
Published: September 2020

Background: Forced migration has been shown to have a negative impact on family dynamics, parenting and the parent-child relationship. Parental support programmes aim to strengthen family functioning and the parent-child relationship and to promote the mental health of children and parents. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how parenting support programmes can be implemented for newly arrived immigrant parents. This process evaluation, therefore, describes the implementation of a successful parenting programme for immigrant parents from Somalia and identifies key components in the implementation process.Method: This process evaluation considered context, implementation and mechanism of impact, in accordance with the Medical Research Councils guidance. Data were collected through focus group discussions, a questionnaire, attendance lists, field and reflection notes, and observations of the sessions. The data were then analysed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results: The findings showed that of the 60 parents who were invited to the parenting programme, 58 participated in the sessions. The study showed that involving key individuals in the early stage of the implementation facilitated reaching the Somali-born parents in the parenting programme. To retain the participants in the programme, parents were offered free transportation. The programme was implemented and delivered as intended. A majority of the parents were satisfied with the programme, and they reported increased knowledge about children’s rights and the support they might seek from social services. Conclusions: This study illustrates how a parenting support programme can be implemented for Somali-born parents and provides guidance on how to engage and attract immigrant parents to participate in parenting support programmes.
Methylome and transcriptome profiles in three yak tissues revealed that DNA methylation and the transcription factor ZGPAT co-regulate milk production
Authors: Xin Jinwei , Chai Zhixin , Zhang Chengfu , Zhang Qiang , Zhu Yong , Cao Hanwen , Cidan Yangji , Chen Xiaoying , Jiang Hui , Zhong Jincheng , Ji Qiumei
Published: September 2020

BackgroundDomestic yaks play an indispensable role in sustaining the livelihood of Tibetans and other ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), by providing milk and meat. They have evolved numerous physiological adaptations to high-altitude environment, including strong blood oxygen transportation capabilities and high metabolism. The roles of DNA methylation and gene expression in milk production and high-altitudes adaptation need further exploration. Results We performed genome-wide DNA methylome and transcriptome analyses of breast, lung, and biceps brachii muscle tissues from yaks of different ages. We identified 432,350 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) across the age groups within each tissue. The post-mature breast tissue had considerably more differentially methylated regions (155,957) than that from the three younger age groups. Hypomethylated genes with high expression levels might regulate milk production by influencing protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. According to weighted gene correlation network analysis, the “hub” gene ZGPAT was highly expressed in the post-mature breast tissue, indicating that it potentially regulates the transcription of 280 genes that influence protein synthesis, processing, and secretion. The tissue network analysis indicated that high expression of HIF1A regulates energy metabolism in the lung. ConclusionsThis study provides a basis for understanding the epigenetic mechanisms underlying milk production in yaks, and the results offer insight to breeding programs aimed at improving milk production.
A newfangled coordinated ruthenium phloretin complex reprogramming breast cancer microenvironment interceded by modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/VEGF pathway and modifying the antioxidant status correlated with intensified apoptotic events.
Authors: He Chenyang , Yu Guo , Mondru Anil Kumar , Chakraborty Tania , Roy Souvik
Published: September 2020

Background: Our recent investigation directed to synthesize and characterize a novel ruthenium– phloretin complex accompanied by the study of antioxidant in addition to DNA binding capabilities, and to determine the chemotherapeutic activity against breast carcinoma in vitro and in vivo approach.Methods: Ruthenium–phloretin complex was synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic methods. The complex was further investigated to determine its efficacy in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cell lines and finally in an in vivo model of DMBA induced mammary carcinogenesis in ratsResults: Our studies confirm that the chelation of the metal and ligand was materialize by the 3-OH and 9-OH functional groups of the ligand and the complex is found crystalline and was capable of intercalating with CT-DNA. The complex was capable of reducing cellular propagation and initiate apoptotic events in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell lines. Additionally, ruthenium-phloretin complex could modulate p53 intervene apoptosis in the breast carcinoma, initiated by the intrinsic apoptotic trail facilitated by the Bcl2 and Bax and at the same time down regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway coupled with MMP9 regulated tumor invasive pathways.Conclusions: Ruthenium-phloretin chemotherapy could interrupt, revoke or suspend the succession of breast carcinoma by altering intrinsic apoptosis along with the antiangiogenic pathway, hence fulfilling the role of a prospective candidate in cancer chemotherapeutics in the in the near future.
WITHDRAWN: Comparison Of Different Anesthetic Techniques Used For Geriatric Patients Who Underwent TUR-P Operation: Single Center Experience
Authors: Gozcu Ozge , Sen Elzem , Sen Haluk , Bayrak Omer
Published: September 2020

Objectives
To investigate impacts that effect entrance to intensive care unit, mortality, and cost; according to demographical and clinical parameters of patients, and different anesthetic techniques performed on patients who underwent TUR-P operation.
Methods
Data of 234 patients aged 60 years and older who underwent TUR-P operations was evaluated retrospectively. The patients were examined in two groups as neuroaxial and general anesthesia groups. Charlson Comorbidity Index, preoperative laboratory parameters, presence of comorbidity, preoperative intensive care requirement, operation duration were obtained from hospital records. The cost calculation was based on the length of the patient's stay in hospital and intensive care unit.
Results
According to ASA score, no significant difference was observed among operation duration, length of hospital stay and intensive care unit stay. According to the CCI score, there was no significant difference among the operation time; however, when the patient's CCI was 3 and above 3, the duration of intensive care stay and hospital stay were significantly longer. The cost was increased significantly when CCI was 3 and above 3, but did not change according to the ASA score.
Conclusions
In our study, it was observed that the type of anesthesia did not affect the duration of surgery, rate of entrance to intensive care unit, length of intensive care stay, length of hospital stay, mortality and the cost. However, it was observed that the duration of hospitalization and rate of intensive care unit entrance increased in patients with CCI 3 and above, therefore the cost was increased.
Metabolic Shifts in Marine Phytoplankton From Viral Infection and Diel Cycles Uncovered Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks
Authors: Liu Xiang , Hurwitz Bonnie L.
Published: September 2020

Viruses play a fundamental role in the ecological dynamics of marine microbes by influencing host metabolic flux and altering population size via viral lysis. Despite recent advances in understanding the temporal and environmental factors that drive community-level microbial interactions, viral activity is currently unaccounted for in biogeochemical models. Moreover, the host’s metabolic response to viral infection in natural systems remains elusive. Here, we examine changes in metabolism in marine microbial communities related to virus activity and diel cycles in the surface oceans in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). We use a time-varying dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) to untangle gene co-expression networks in dominant microbes associated with the environment. The resulting data suggest that viruses play a significant role in driving microbial metabolic flux on par with diel cycles. Most notably, viruses play an opportunistic role by synchronizing viral lysis with diel cycles in their photoautotrophic hosts; and continually infecting heterotrophic hosts by co-opting their alternative energy production strategies to drive replication throughout the day. This work provides a unified model that accounts for both viral activity and diel cycles to predict the distribution, variability, and trajectory of dominant microbes and their key metabolic pathways in global ocean processes.