bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
試論護法《觀所緣論釋》之不成因與「法稱」議題：站在呂澂的肩上
Authors: 胡志強 胡志強
Published: February 2025

本文主要處理護法《觀所緣論釋》中的二個相關議題：（1）如何理解護法所指出的不成因之過失；（2）如何解讀文中出現「法稱」二字的難解段落，該焦點段落與其後出現之不成因密切相關。筆者借助呂澂之增字句讀、因明論式之重構分析，闡述《觀所緣論釋》開頭之文本脈絡、完整解讀焦點段落、就前後文提出因明分析，亦即提出一個可能的詮釋版本或工作用假說。本文指出，（1）護法所言的不成因是針對論敵一（主張極微是所緣）、論敵二（主張總聚是所緣）都提出之「彼相應斯理故」（與所緣相道理相應故），不同於護法所言的不定因，乃針對論敵一之「彼因性故」、論敵二之「相識生故」（或者，識有彼相故）；（2）所謂「法稱」並非指法稱論師，「法」意謂「宗法」。本文也檢視了其他可能解讀版本，分析其可能問題與缺失。相較而言，本文所提出的版本目前似乎還是相對合理可行，儘管並非毫無疑義待解。無論如何，本文未盡之處乃筆者之能力有限所致，如有任何貢獻，應當歸之於呂澂。呂澂之佛學成就，值得學界更多尊敬與重視。

 

This paper addresses two interrelated issues in Dharmapāla’s Commentary on the Ālambanaparīkṣā: (1) how to understand the fallacy of unestablished reason (asiddha-hetu) pointed out by Dharmapāla; (2) how to interpret the difficult key paragraph in which the term “fa-cheng” is mentioned, and which is closely related to the former issue. On the basis of Lü Cheng’s punctuation with the addition of words and reconstruction of Buddhist syllogisms, this paper elaborates on the preliminary context, interprets the whole key paragraph, and presents the Buddhist logical argument, adding up to a tentative version of interpretation or a working hypothesis. According to the working hypothesis, (1) the fallacy of unestablished reason pointed out by Dharmapāla is in response to the reason “because of being consistent with the characteristic of the cognitive object (ālambana)” put forward by both the first adversary, whose thesis is that atoms are cognitive objects, and the second adversary, whose thesis is that agglomerates of atoms are cognitive objects. However, the fallacy of inconclusive reason (anaikāntika-hetu) pointed out by Dharmapāla is in response to either the first adversary’s reason “because of being the cause of the [cognitions]” or the second adversary’s reason “because a cognition arises with its appearance;” (2) the term “fa-cheng” does not refer to Dharmakīrti, but “fa” (dharma) means pakṣadharma, i.e., a property of the subject. This paper also examines alternative readings and points out their problems or defects. In comparison with the alternatives, the working hypothesis has explanatory advantages, although it might not have resolved all the doubts. In any case, any unsolved problem or errors are due to the author alone; if there is any positive contribution, it should be attributed to Lü Cheng, whose achievements deserve more respect and attention.

 
Edukasi Literasi Digital dan Keterampilan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah bagi Mahasiswa
Authors: Tarigan Fatin Nadifa , Nasution Alwi Fahruzy , Elanda Yochi , Rizki Ainur , Ismayani  , Lestari Dewi Ayu
Published: February 2025

Era digital telah membawa kemudahan dalam mengakses informasi, namun tantangan baru muncul dalam memastikan kualitas literasi akademik di kalangan mahasiswa. Banyak mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami, mengelola, dan menulis karya ilmiah secara efektif, terutama di tengah tingginya jumlah informasi yang tersedia secara daring. Program pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan literasi informasi dan keterampilan penulisan karya ilmiah bagi mahasiswa melalui edukasi berbasis lokakarya dan pendampingan intensif. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui pelatihan teknik pencarian literatur, evaluasi sumber, penulisan akademik, serta etika publikasi secara digital. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman mahasiswa terkait literasi digital dan kemampuan menulis akademik yang lebih terstruktur. Program ini diharapkan dapat memperkuat keterampilan akademik mahasiswa serta meningkatkan kontribusi mereka dalam dunia ilmiah.
Sosialisasi Dan Pengembangan Potensi Pariwisata Melalui Edukasi Dan Promosi Berbasis Teknologi Digital di Pantai Gaseng Tanjungpinang
Authors: SLAM Berta Erwin , Magfira Fortia , Irawan Feri , Efranda Nolan
Published: February 2025

Sektor pariwisata memiliki peran strategis dalam perekonomian, pelestarian budaya, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat, terutama di Indonesia yang kaya akan destinasi wisata. Meskipun demikian, tantangan seperti kesenjangan literasi digital dan kurangnya koordinasi antar pihak terkait sering menghambat pengembangan sektor ini. Oleh karena itu, sosialisasi dan pengembangan potensi pariwisata melalui edukasi dan promosi berbasis teknologi digital menjadi solusi penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang nilai pariwisata lokal dan memperkuat daya tarik destinasi wisata melalui pelatihan yang melibatkan teknologi digital. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PKM) di Pantai Gaseng Dompak, Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau, menyasar warga sekitar dengan menyelenggarakan sosialisasi mengenai penggunaan media sosial untuk promosi pariwisata dan pembuatan konten yang menarik. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa peserta memiliki minat tinggi dan aktif berpartisipasi dalam diskusi serta pembuatan konten digital. Kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta tentang potensi pariwisata dan teknologi digital, serta mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif yang berkelanjutan. Namun, untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal, diperlukan sinergi antara pemerintah, pelaku usaha, dan masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan teknologi digital secara maksimal.
Temporal Assessment of Land Surface Temperature and Urban Heat Island Effect in Guwahati City: A Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Borah Shyamal , Sarma Karishma
Published: February 2025

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is a type of heat buildup in urban areas due to urban building and human activity. It is regarded as the most obvious feature of metropolitan climate. The increase in land surface temperature caused by the UHI effect will undoubtedly influence material flow and energy flow in urban ecological systems, as well as alter their structure and functions, resulting in a variety of ecological and environmental effects on urban climates, urban hydrologic situations, soil properties, atmospheric environment, biological habits, material cycles, energy metabolism, and residents’ health. UHI impacts might be considerably reduced by improving energy efficiency, optimizing urban landscapes, building green roofs, using high-reflectivity materials, and cultivating green land. Guwahati, which has been shaped into a thriving metropolis, is now actually feeling the heat. According to environmental specialists, Guwahati has become an Urban Heat Island (UHI) due to unplanned concrete expansion, reduced green cover, wetlands filling up, and large-scale population concentration. In this work, we will use geospatial approaches to analyze the temporal fluctuation of land surface temperature and urban heat island in Guwahati City between 1994 and 2024, with an interval of 10 years.
Creation of Landuse/Land Cover and Geomorphology Information System Using Geospatial Technology
Authors: Devarakonda Sujatha , Rao P. Bramaji , Raj A.A. Jaya , Prasad T. Lakshmi , S.S. Asadi
Published: February 2025

Land use/Land cover and geomorphology study is very important for any developmental activates and sustainable Resources management purposes. The study area under investigation lies between the 830 30’ 22’’ to 840 50’26’’ East Longitude and 180 20’12’’ to 190 30’21’’ North Latitude. Srikakulam is the second-most backward district in Andhra Pradesh. The district has Pharmaceutical industrial area, located at Pydibhimavaram. Remote sensing technology has been used to carry out through digital and visual interpretation to prepare the land use/land cover and geomorphology maps. These thematic maps are ditalized and analyzed using ArcGIS software. in land use/land cover map Cropland, Agriculture Plantation, Barren rocky, Canal, Coastal line, Fallow land, Gullied /Ravinous land, Industrial, Reservoir /Tank, Scrub land, Rural and Urban settlement areas classes has been identified in these classes Cropland, Agriculture Plantation are covering more than 50% in the total study area. in geomorphology map Alluvial Plain Deep, Bazada Shallow(BJS), Beach(BH), Buried Pediplain Moderate (BPM), Channel bar (CB), Coastal Plain Deep(CDP), Coastal Plain Moderate(CPM), Flood Plain Moderate (FPM), Flood Plain Shallow(FPS), Inselberg (I), Linear Ridge (LR), Mud Flat(MF), Pediment (PD), Pediment Inselberg Complex (PIC), Pediplain Shallow Weathered (PPS), Pediplain Under Canal Command(PPC), Pediplain Weathered Deep(PPD), Pediplan Moderate weathered (PPM), Piedmont Slope(PS), Residual Hill (RH), Salt Flat(SF), Striped Plain Shallow Basement(SPS), Structural Hill (SH), Valley Fill - Moderate(VFM), in these classes Alluvial Plain Deep, Pediplain Shallow Weathered (PPS), Pediplan Moderate weathered (PPM) classes has been occupied major portion of study area this type of digital data can useful for sustainable management of resources keeping this in view this study has been attempted.
Genetic diversity and screening of rice genotypes against yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) under coastal saline ecosystem of Tamil Nadu
Authors: E. Punitha  , T. Sabesan
Published: February 2025

The present study was carried out to assess the extent of divergence and evaluate the stem borer resistance in 120 rice genotypes under natural condition during Samba season. Mahala nobis D2 values and nonhierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis categorized the genotypes in eight clusters. The maximum intra cluster D2 was obtained in cluster VII (1973.205) and farthest inter cluster distance was observed between clusters IV and VII (4285.173). The clusters IV, VI and VII exerted that superior cluster mean performance. The characters viz., grain yield per plant, grain breadth and days to fifty per cent flowering were the major contributors towards genetic divergence. For stem borer resistance, data on dead heart symptoms and white ear symptom were observed under natural field conditions. Based on genetic diversity and screening for stem borer resistance studies, the genotypes AU1 GSR, ADT 44, ADT 47, BA-132, BA-147, GSR IR-2-11- R9-Y1-L2, Dayala modina, Thooyamalli and Kalanamak showed promising results. These genotypes could be exploited in the future crop breeding programme to develop resistant varieties against the rice yellow stem borer.
Socio-Economic Status of Native Goat Farmers in Bundi and Tonk Districts of Rajasthan
Authors: Shankar Lal  , Gupta Lokesh , Mishra Sidartha , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Dheeraj , Chopra Gotam
Published: February 2025

The study was conducted on the socio-economic status of Native goat farmers in the Bundi and Tonk districts of Rajasthan. A total of 240 Native goat farmers were randomly selected to assess their socioeconomic status. The study revealed that most of the goat farmers (60.42%) belonged to the 36-59 age group. Most of the farmers (48.33%) were from the MBC category. The overall education status indicated that 58.75% of the respondents were illiterate. The primary occupation of the respondents was agriculture and animal husbandry (71.25%), with 36.25% being marginal farmers. A significant majority (70.42%) of the farmers lived in nuclear families. The annual income of the respondents ranged between 43,277 and 1,32,710, with 65.41% falling within this range, and their annual income from goat rearing was between 28,812 and 1,07,774 for 70% of the respondents. Additionally, the majority of the respondents (59.16%) had medium-sized flocks consisting of 12 to 40 goats.
DEFENSE MECHANISM DUE TO MIA’S ANXIETY IN PRINCESS DIARIES USING FREUDIAN PSYCHOANALISIS
Authors: Milenti Renanda Paratu  , Anna Sriastuti
Published: February 2025

This study explores the psychological struggles of Mia Thermopolis in The Princess Diaries using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. The analysis focuses on Mia’s anxiety as she transitions from an ordinary teenager to the heir of the Genovian throne. Freud’s model of the id, ego, and superego is used to understand the conflict between Mia’s personal desires and societal expectations. Her id craves a normal teenage life, while her superego demands that she fulfill her royal duties. The ego attempts to balance these opposing forces, leading to intense anxiety and self-doubt. Furthermore, the study examines Mia’s use of defense mechanisms such as repression and sublimation to cope with her psychological distress. Through a qualitative approach, this research highlights how unresolved inner conflicts shape Mia’s character development, offering a deeper understanding of anxiety in young adult literature
Efektivitas Sosialisasi Pemilihan Kepala Daerah tahun 2024 di Kabupaten Sidoarjo: Pemenuhan Hak Politik Masyarakat Disabilitas
Authors: Putri Aura Juliza , Muljanto M. Agus
Published: February 2025

Studi ini menilai partisipasi pemilih disabilitas dalam sosialisasi dan pelaksanaan Pemilu 2024 di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasilnya menunjukkan hanya 100 dari 5.855 penyandang disabilitas yang menghadiri sosialisasi, sementara 1.075 orang (18,36%) menggunakan hak pilihnya. Hambatan utama meliputi keterbatasan aksesibilitas, lokasi yang kurang strategis, dan minimnya pemahaman tentang pentingnya pemilu. Upaya peningkatan partisipasi dilakukan melalui penyediaan alat bantu (Braille), pendampingan KPPS, dan pengantaran surat suara. Meski ada adaptasi, kendala akses fisik dan distribusi informasi masih menjadi tantangan. Menggunakan indikator efektivitas Richard M. Steers (pencapaian tujuan, integrasi, adaptasi), studi ini menyoroti perlunya strategi pemilu yang lebih inklusif.
Analysis of water quality and cadmium content around Awarange beach, Barru Regency, Indonesia in relation cultivation of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal)
Authors: Andi Puspa Sari Idris  , Fauziah Nurdin  , Bustamin  , Patang  , Subariyanto  , Marhayati  , Hamzah Nur  , Nurmila
Published: February 2025

Objective: The study aims to determine the condition of the water quality parameters and cadmium content around Awarange Beach, Barru Regency, Indonesia, in relation cultivation of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal).
Material and method: This research was conducted from July to August 2024 at Awarange Beach, Barru Regency, Indonesia. The research location is divided into 3 stations, namely Station 1 (ST.1), namely the beach near the La Sonrai recreation area/mangrove forest; Station 2 (ST.2), namely around Awarange Port, Barru Regency; and Station 3 (ST.3), namely around the Awarange Shipyard. The parameters measured were temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, and cadmium content of seawater. The research data obtained were then processed and analyzed using descriptive analysis.
Results: Based on the research results, it shows that the water quality at the research location, consisting of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, and cadmium content, only salinity has a fairly high value. Kualitas perairan yang lain masih sesuai dengan kebutuhan hidup dan pertumbuhan ikan bandeng, termasuk kandungan cadmium dengan nilai <0.003 ppm.
Conclusion:Overall, the water quality and cadmium heavy metal content at the research location are still suitable and feasible for the development of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) cultivation.
A importância da suplementação nutricional na prevenção do TDAH em crianças: revisão integrativa
Authors: Queiroz Roger Antonio Morais , Lima Pedro Lucas Enomoto , Silva Kenia Dorneles , Barbosa Júnior Osvaldo Gonçalves , Barbosa Edna Cláudia Mendes , Silva Thaylane Araújo e , Rezende Ana Carolina Aguiar , Barbosa Kayra Merones , Tadeu Maria Eduarda Franco Godoy , Lacerda Ludmila Melo , Toledo Eduardo de Paula Costa , Castro Sophia Souza Campos Nascente de , Barros Junior Ronan Pinheiro , Aguiar Gustavo Daniel dos Santos Sousa , Brito Sthefany Soares , Souza Guilherme Silva de , Paiva Maykon Jhuly Martins de
Published: February 2025

INTRODUÇÃO: O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é um distúrbio neuropsiquiátrico que afeta entre 5% e 7% das crianças em idade escolar, caracterizando-se por sintomas de desatenção, hiperatividade e impulsividade, os quais impactam negativamente o desenvolvimento social, emocional e acadêmico. A nutrição durante a gestação desempenha um papel crucial no desenvolvimento fetal, sendo que deficiências de nutrientes essenciais como ácido fólico, ferro, iodo e ômega-3 estão associadas a um maior risco de desenvolvimento de TDAH. METODOLOGIA: Esta revisão integrativa foi conduzida utilizando as bases de dados PUBMED e BVS, considerando artigos publicados entre 2014 e 2024. Foram selecionados 17 artigos após uma triagem rigorosa, dos quais 13 foram incluídos na síntese qualitativa por seguirem metodologias robustas, como revisões sistemáticas, meta-análises e ensaios clínicos randomizados. RESULTADOS: A revisão identificou que deficiências nutricionais durante a gestação, como ácido fólico, ferro, iodo e ômega-3, estão relacionadas ao aumento do risco de TDAH em crianças. Além disso, a interação entre essas deficiências e fatores ambientais adversos, como estresse materno e condições socioeconômicas, pode intensificar ainda mais os riscos. A deficiência combinada de diferentes nutrientes pode ter efeitos sinérgicos, comprometendo o desenvolvimento neurológico de maneira mais significativa. DISCUSSÃO: Foram identificadas lacunas na literatura atual, incluindo a necessidade de explorar melhor os impactos de fatores socioeconômicos, o acesso desigual à suplementação e as variações regionais no consumo de nutrientes. A pesquisa futura deve se concentrar em como esses fatores influenciam o desenvolvimento do TDAH e na eficácia de intervenções integradas que incluem suplementação nutricional e suporte socioeconômico. CONCLUSÃO: A nutrição adequada durante a gestação é fundamental para prevenir o desenvolvimento de TDAH em crianças. As políticas públicas de saúde devem focar na promoção da suplementação nutricional e na implementação de intervenções integradas como estratégias preventivas, garantindo suporte às gestantes, especialmente as de maior vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, para reduzir os riscos de TDAH e promover o desenvolvimento saudável.
Contribuições dos fundamentos pedagógicos da BNCC Brasileira para o desenvolvimento de Produtos Educacionais
Authors: Nunes Marjorie Klich , Nóbile Márcia Finimundi
Published: February 2025

A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) trouxe uma nova perspectiva para a educação brasileira, impulsionando a necessidade de reformular os Produtos Educacionais para atender aos novos paradigmas. Na perspectiva pedagógica, Produtos Educacionais são recursos e materiais desenvolvidos para apoiar e enriquecer o ensino e a aprendizagem, oferecendo oportunidades para a inovação pedagógica, mas também apresentam desafios para sua real eficácia e implementação no contexto educacional. Este estudo analisou os fundamentos teóricos e práticos que sustentam a BNCC, e como podem ser aplicados para o desenvolvimento de Produtos Educacionais. O estudo está ancorado nos documentos oficiais normativos da educação brasileira, que inspiram e regem os currículos das escolas de todo o país na educação básica, com o objetivo de contribuir para a produção de produtos educacionais. A pesquisa é qualitativa e baseou-se em uma revisão sistemática da literatura e documentos oficiais, apresentando fundamentos coletados nas áreas de Educação, Design Instrucional e Design de Produtos. Os resultados desta pesquisa destacam a importância da compreensão da BNCC como um marco teórico e sólido para o desenvolvimento de produtos educacionais, que possam contribuir para a formação de cidadãos críticos, criativos e engajados com o mundo em que vivem.
Do Prospective Parents Have a Duty to Adopt Rather Than Procreate?
Authors: Magnusson Erik
Published: February 2025

Several philosophers have defended the view that prospective parents have a pro tanto duty to adopt rather than procreate as a means of fulfilling their interest in parenting. The most prominent argument for this view is the rescue-based argument, which derives an individual duty to adopt rather than procreate from a more general duty to rescue or assist those in need. In this paper, I critically examine this argument and explain why it fails. First, I argue we do not necessarily have a duty to rescue in cases that resemble the global orphan crisis, where one's intervention is merely sufficient to prevent serious harm to a potential victim. Second, I argue that even if we had such a duty, it would not necessarily generate a duty to adopt rather than procreate given the significant financial, emotional, and agency-related costs of adoption, particularly in current, non-ideal conditions.
Hungarian Prisoners in the Romanian Gateway to the Soviet Camp Empire. Additions to the History of Prison Camp No. 176 in Focșani in the Light of Archival and Oral History Sources
Authors:   Facultatea de Teologie Reformată, Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Benkő Levente , Papp Annamária ,   Szabadság, Cluj-Napoca
Published: February 2025

The prison camp No. 176, in Focșani was one of the largest Soviet camps in Eastern Europe, from 1944 to 1948. From the fall of 1944 until the summer of 1946 this camp functioned as a sorting and transit camp for Hungarian, German and even Romanian prisoners, both military and civilian, who were brought in freight trains from Romania and Hungary, occupied by Red Army troops, and after sorting were loaded into cattle railway cars and transported to labor camps in the USSR. In the period after the summer of 1946, the camp also functioned for the sorting and repatriation of prisoners returned from the USSR. In this study, using Romanian and Soviet archival sources, translated into Romanian and published in Romania, as well as interviews with survivors, the authors deal with some aspects related to this camp, such as the location of the camp, the approximate number of prisoners, in the order of hundreds of thousands, the conditions of accommodation, hygiene and food, the use of prisoners by the Soviet authorities for various labor, liberation and escape attempts of some prisoners, relations between the local Romanian and Soviet authorities, on the functioning of the camp. In this study, the authors present previously unknown details and publish, for the first time, a sketch of the camp.
THE ROMAN TRANSALPINA
Authors:   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei, Marcu Felix , Muntean Teodor ,   Muzeul Național de Istorie a Transilvaniei
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the Roman Transalpina route and its relation to the modern
Transalpina road (DN67C) in the Parâng and Șureanu Mountains. By analyzing newly identified
marching camps at Rânca and Poiana Muierii alongside previously known sites like Crac-Găuri and
Vârful lui Pătru, the paper reconstructs the Roman military advance towards the Dacian fortresses.
Using digital tools such as Airborne Laser Scan (ALS) and Least Cost Path (LCP) analysis, the
research clarifies the trajectory of Roman routes, highlighting the strategic planning behind their
construction. The inclusion of these camps in the UNESCO World Heritage List underlines their
historical significance, offering insights into Roman logistics and mountain warfare.
A ROMAN FACE POT DISCOVERED AT THE AUXILIARY FORT
FROM GHERLA
Authors:   Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Comiati Andra-Cezara
Published: February 2025

During the 1980s, extensive rescue excavations have been carried out at the Roman
auxiliary fort from Gherla, leading to the discovery of large quantities of pottery sherds. Among
them, one certainly stands out due to its intriguing decorative element: an anthropomorphic face.
Whose representation is it, what was it used for, and how did it become part of a soldier’s belongings,
are just some of the questions this paper aims to answer.
ON THE DEATH OF THE HUN KING RUGA
Authors:   Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Piliscsaba, Kovács Péter
Published: February 2025

This paper refers to the history of the Huns in the period 420–440, with a special
regard to the circumstances of King Ruga’s death. Based on the reports of the ecclesiastical historians
Socrates, Theodoret and John of Nikiou, Ruga’s death was due to Emperor Theodosius’ prayer and
to divine aid. The common source was the lost speech of Patriarch Proclus, in which he linked
Ruga’s name to the people of Rhos, in Ezechiel’s prophecy. The Hun King suddenly died in 434, most
probably before the start of his campaign against eastern Rome.
Tuning of FOPID parameters combined with swarm intelligent algorithm
Authors: Lou Minghao
Published: February 2025

This paper delves into the parameter tuning of fractional-order PID (FOPID) controllers. FOPID controllers, with additional integral and derivative orders compared to traditional PID controllers, possess enhanced capabilities in handling complex systems. However, effective tuning of its five parameters is challenging. To address this, multiple intelligent algorithms are investigated. The improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) utilizes Chebyshev chaotic mapping initialization, adaptive t-distribution, and the firefly algorithm to overcome the limitations of the basic algorithm, showing high accuracy, speed, and robustness in multi-modal problems. The grey wolf optimizer (GWO), inspired by the hunting behavior of grey wolves, has procedures for encircling, hunting, and attacking but may encounter local optima, and several improvement methods have been proposed. The genetic algorithm, based on the survival of the fittest principle, involves encoding, decoding, and other operations. Taking vehicle ABS control as an example, the genetic algorithm-based FOPID controller outperforms the traditional PID controller. In conclusion, different algorithms have their own advantages in FOPID parameter tuning, and the selection depends on system characteristics and control requirements. Future research can focus on further algorithm improvement and hybrid methods to achieve better control performance, providing a valuable reference for FOPID applications in industry.
TRENDOVI RAZVOJA TRGOVINE POČETKOM XXI VEKA
Authors: Petković Goran
Published: February 2025

Velike promene u privredi početkom XXI veka imaju svoj odraz na redizajn
kanala marketinga i trgovine kao ključne institucije u njima. Samo tržište na kojem
trgovina posluje, kupujući i prodajući robu, transformiše se iz poligona konkurencije u
platformu za razvoj dugoročnih poslovnih odnosa. Trgovina se digitalizuje, postaje
društveno i ekološki odgovorna a sam način prodaje se transformiše iz prodaje vodjene
dizajnom u sistemima samousluživanja u prodaju vodjenu veštačkom inteligencijom u
elektronskoj trgovini. Radno intenzivna trgovina XX veka u novim uslovima nestašice
radne snage postaje tehnološki vodjena trgovina za koju se regrutuju i u kojoj se
razvijaju vrhunski talenti i profesionalizam
EKOLOGIJA I MEĐUNARODNA TRGOVINA — INSTRUMENTI SPOLJNOTRGOVINSKE POLITIKE U ZAŠTITI ŽIVOTNE SREDINE
Authors: Popović Petrović Ivana
Published: February 2025

Savremeni pristup međunarodnoj trgovini, uglavnom stavlja akcenat na obim
i vrednost razmene, instrumente spoljnotrgovinske politike, na izvore finansiranja međunarodnog poslovanja, globalne lance vrednosti. Međutim, međunarodna trgovina
ostvaruje i značajnu povezanost sa zaštitom životne sredine. Najčešće je ova povezanost
određena činjenicom da optimalna kombinacija spoljnotrgovinske politike i zaštite
životne sredine može da omogući povećanje koristi učesnika u međunarodnoj trgovini.
Usled pojave brojnih novih tendencija u međunarodnoj trgovini, dolazi i do seljenja
procesa proizvodnje u zemlje nižeg stepena ekoloških zahteva. Očekuje se da će brojni
instrumenti spoljnotrgovinske politike omogućiti uravnoteženje kako ovih kriterijuma,
tako i opšteg blagostanja. U pitanju je izazov ekonomske nauke, s obzirom da primena
instrumenata izaziva i brojne troškove i neravnoteže. Među njima se izdvajaju porezi na
emisiju ugljen-dioksida prilikom uvoza proizvoda koji se smatraju zagađujućim.
Predmet ovog rada jeste upravo analiza uloge međunarodne trgovine u zaštiti životne
sredine, raspoloživih instrumenata, troškova koji njihovom primenom nastaju, ali i
uticaj klimatskih promena na realizaciju spoljnotrgovinskih poslova. U radu se posebna
pažnja posvećuje novijoj kategoriji proizvoda, poput ekoloških proizvoda, nastalih
upravo jačanjem ekološke svesti, ali i izazovima koje oni donose u primeni instrumenata
spoljnotrgovinske politike.
Identification of Plasma Proteins Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Using Feature Selection Techniques and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Mokadem Zakaria , Djerioui Mohamed , Attallah Bilal , Brik Youcef
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that typically affects elderly individuals. Detecting Alzheimer’s using plasma proteins is a critical step toward improving treatment results for this disease. This study aims to use computational algorithms to explore the relationship between plasma proteins and AD progression by identifying a panel of plasma proteins that can serve as biomarkers for tracking and diagnosing AD. We applied two feature selection methods, Sequential Backward Feature Selection (SBFS) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to extract significant proteins from a dataset of 146  proteins. The data was collected from the plasma of 566 individuals, comprising both Alzheimer’s patients and healthy controls. The SBFS technique generated all possible combinations of protein groups from the 146 proteins, which were then trained and tested using five machine learning models: Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extremely Randomized Trees, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Adaptive Boosting. Subsequently, ANOVA was applied to refine and reduce the selected panel size. Finally, we used XGBoost and AdaBoost models to validate the final panel. The findings introduce a plasma protein panel consisting of A2Macro, BNP, BTC, PPP, and PYY proteins for diagnosing AD. This panel achieved a sensitivity of 88.88%, a specificity of 66.66%, and an AUC of 0.85. These results demonstrate that plasma protein biomarkers can facilitate timely interventions, potentially slowing disease progression and improving patient outcomes. This non-invasive and affordable diagnostic method has the potential to make Alzheimer’s screening accessible to a broader population.
Inovasi Layanan Inklusif di Pondok Pesantren Khusus Islam untuk Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus sebagai Model Pendidikan Berbasis Kebutuhan
Authors: Sari Rahma , Setyo Bono , Marhayati Nelly
Published: February 2025

Keberhasilan layanan pendidikan inklusif di pesantren khususnya untuk anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus terletak pada berbagai inovasi yang telah diterapkan, termasuk kurikulum yang disesuaikan, pendekatan pembelajaran holistik, dan dukungan komprehensif untuk anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana pesantren Islam telah berhasil menerapkan model pendidikan inklusif berbasis kebutuhan, serta dampaknya terhadap perkembangan anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus deskriptif, menggunakan wawancara mendalam sebagai teknik pengumpulan data utama. Informan dipilih berdasarkan kriteria yang relevan dengan penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahap reduksi, tampilan, dan verifikasi data. Model pendidikan inklusif yang diterapkan di pesantren Islam berfokus pada penyediaan layanan pendidikan yang dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan semua anak penyandang disabilitas, baik dalam hal kebutuhan belajar maupun perkembangan setiap individu, tanpa diskriminasi. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi penting untuk memperkaya pemahaman tentang inovasi layanan pendidikan inklusif dalam konteks pendidikan agama berbasis kebutuhan khusus, khususnya di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini memiliki implikasi luas untuk pengembangan kebijakan pendidikan inklusif, praktik pembelajaran, dan pengembangan profesional guru, terutama dalam konteks pesantren.
The Impact of Education on Knowledge and Use of Contraceptive Methods: A Comparative Analysis of Educated and Under educated Populations
Authors: Suhail Zarish , Hussain Mudassar , Hasan Sajjad Ul , Huda Amtul , Raza Tahira , Javaid Aqsa
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Contraception is a critical aspect of public health, significantly influenced by education, which enhances individuals' knowledge and decision-making regarding contraceptive methods. Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of education on the knowledge and use of contraceptive methods by comparing educated and undereducated populations. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 participants in Lahore, using convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, with frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation applied. Results: The results show that higher education levels are associated with significantly greater knowledge of contraceptive methods, with 35.2% of college/university-educated participants being aware of condoms, compared to only 15.2% of uneducated participants. Moreover, the use of modern contraceptive methods, such as condoms and oral contraceptives, was notably higher among the educated group (18.8% and 28.7%, respectively) than among the uneducated group. Discussion: The study also highlights significant disparities in contraceptive use and knowledge between educated and undereducated populations, emphasizing the socio-economic and cultural barriers faced by the latter. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings reinforce the critical role of education in enhancing contraceptive knowledge and use, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions to address the unmet contraceptive needs of undereducated populations.
The Impact of Parental Involvement on Their Children’s Academic Success
Authors: Hyder Huma , Anbar Nashwa Ghazi
Published: February 2025

The most significant influencers are parents, who help their kids achieve academically through positive support and encouragement. The performance of their children in school activities and the parents’ involvement in them are consistently correlated; this makes children flourish in education. Parenting style and strategies at home furnish growth and development in every facet of kids’ lives. Hence, analyzing the effects of parental participation (PI) on their kids’ academic development is the goal of this study. This study utilizes a mixed-method research design for collecting data. The answers to the questionnaire were collected from 425 parents and 110 teachers. The interview data was obtained from 37 parents, 32 teachers, and 130 students. NVivo software was used to evaluate the qualitative data, while SPSS software was used to examine the quantitative data that had been obtained. The study findings reveal that PI expands children’s academic performance and motivation, joining in educational activities, intensifying the school attendance rate, decreasing dropout rates, accelerating positive attitudes towards learning, and regulating behaviour and discipline among children. The study result indicates the positive effects of PI on kids’ academic achievement (AS). The novelty of the study resides in its overarching, complete studies on how PI affects parents’ kids’ academic performance. The study contributes to the field of child education by laying out and focusing on the influence of PI over the child’s academic achievement and suggesting making certain of the PI in education for the benefit of the child. The study suggests putting forward the design of the implementing programs to draw the attention of parents in education by demonstrating the PI’s constructive outcomes on a child’s AS.
EndSARS to EFCC: Trading One Nightmare for Another
Authors: Okibe Summer , Essien Essien Oku
Published: February 2025

The transition from the EndSARS movement to increased harassment by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) in Nigeria signifies a troubling swift shift in governmental repression. Although the EndSARS protests seemed to have successfully led to the dissolution of the notorious Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS), they inadvertently led to a new form of persecution – EFCC. This study employs Discourse Analysis (DA) and this approach is particularly suited for analyzing the discourses around EndSARS and the EFCC, given the power struggles, ideological conflicts, and societal impacts involved. Drawing from sources which include news articles and editorials from major Nigerian newspapers and online news platforms, social media posts, comments, and hashtags related to EndSARS and the EFCC on platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, the study shows that the EFCC, initially established to curb financial crimes, has begun targeting the youths, employing similar tactics of arbitrary arrests, detentions without trial, and abuse of power. This transition from police brutality to financial harassment shows the rising wave of abuse of authority within Nigeria’s law enforcement agencies, undermining public trust and violating both national and international legal rights. Consequently, the frequent detention of individuals, seizure of property, and public shaming of arrested individuals by Nigeria’s EFCC can impede business operations, leading to financial losses and, in some cases, the demise of fledgling enterprises This article explores the consequences of this transition, emphasizing the urgent need for comprehensive reforms to safeguard individual freedoms and uphold the rule of law in Nigeria.
Investigation of Overcurrent Relay Tripping Time Protection Using PSCAD Software
Authors: Hairi Mohd Hendra , Mansor Aina’a Syahirah , Mohd Isira Ahmad  Sadhiqin , Kamarudin M. N.
Published: February 2025

This paper studied the modelling of 132/33/11kV overcurrent protection by using PSCAD software. The objective of this project is to compare between IEC 60255 Standard and IEEE C37.112 Standard overcurrent relay response time in the event of fault current. The parameters of Plug Setting (PS) and Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) were set in each of relays to observe the relay response time. The results show both standards produce very similar time responses of the relay operation.
Analysis and Experiments of Insulation Loss of Transformer Kraft Paper Based on Hotspot Variations
Authors: Duanaputri Rohmanita , Prasojo Rahman Azis , Wiranti Dwi , Wiwaha Sigit Setya , Akbar Divac Nabil , Citra Handani Galuh Prawestri
Published: February 2025

The transformer is one of the important components in the electric power system which is used to transmit power from high voltage to low voltage or vice versa. When the transformer is working, there is an increase in temperature in the transformer which has an impact on the degradation of transformer paper and oil. If proper maintenance is not carried out, aging factors such as oxygen, heat, and humidity will produce acids and other substances that can affect transformer insulation. Insulating oil and transformer paper will experience electrical, mechanical and thermal stress which causes a decrease in performance. The remaining service life of the transformer is an important aspect that must be known. The most commonly used method for estimating the life of a transformer is by accelerated aging experiments. Experiments were carried out by soaking kraft paper insulation in diala B shell mineral oil for 30 days with temperature variations of 120℃ and 160℃ . After the experiment, the transformer paper insulation was tested using the tensile strength testing method. Here the indicator of the end of the paper insulation life is the reduced tensile strength to 50% of the initial conditions. The test results show that temperature variations have an impact on the characteristics of paper insulation. Higher temperatures and longer heating durations result in a darker color of paper insulation. This causes depolymerization or a decrease in the mechanical strength of paper insulation with smaller tensile strength value. A decrease in the insulation strength of a transformer can cause damage to the transformer as well as reducing the lifetime of the transformer.
Stability Evaluation of Non-ideal Grid-tied Photovoltaic on IEEE-9 Bus System
Authors: Lumina Sampi Denis , Mnguni Mkhululi Elvis Siyanda , Mfoumboulou Yohan Darcy
Published: February 2025

The integration of photovoltaic in power systems has proved its capability of being a viable source of power to be considered in grid-tied power systems. However, in some cases various electrical challenges may arise when high photovoltaic power is integrated into power systems at the time the voltage collapse caused by an increase in the load consumption. In case of non-ideal grid-tied photovoltaic due to inappropriate or absence of control strategies to regulate the power dispatch between the microgrid and the grid, the photovoltaic power may negatively further affect the grid voltage stability instead of restoring it to the stability level of the electrical grid. This paper investigates the challenge of solar power integration in the grid by demonstrating that due to its randomness and intermittent nature, the photovoltaic power is likely to be associated with voltage disturbance and low power quality that occurs on the electrical grid. Data from simulation of a non-ideal grid-tied photovoltaic are collected to demonstrate the characteristics and negative effects of high photovoltaic integration on the IEEE-9 bus system.
⁠Bridging Data and Decision-Making: AI-Enabled Analytics for Project Management in Oil and Gas Infrastructure
Authors: Ajayi Ajibola Joshua , Akhigbe Experience Efeosa , Egbuhuzor Nnaemeka Stanley , Agbede Oluwole Oluwadamilola
Published: February 2025

The oil and gas industry is increasingly complex, requiring robust project management approaches to handle challenges such as cost overruns, delays, regulatory compliance, and risk management. Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled analytics has emerged as a transformative solution, offering real-time data-driven insights to enhance decision-making and improve project outcomes. This paper explores the integration of AI in project management for oil and gas infrastructure, emphasizing how predictive analytics, machine learning, and optimization algorithms bridge the gap between raw data and actionable decisions. Key challenges in oil and gas infrastructure projects include managing vast amounts of unstructured data, mitigating risks in dynamic operational environments, and aligning projects with sustainability goals. AI-enabled analytics addresses these challenges by automating data processing, identifying patterns, and generating actionable insights. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for implementing AI-driven analytics in project management, focusing on resource allocation, scheduling, and risk mitigation. The framework also incorporates predictive models to forecast potential delays, cost escalations, and equipment failures, enabling proactive interventions. Case studies highlight the successful application of AI-enabled analytics in major oil and gas projects, demonstrating significant improvements in operational efficiency, cost control, and safety compliance. The use of AI tools such as digital twins, natural language processing (NLP) for document management, and computer vision for site monitoring is discussed, showcasing tangible benefits in reducing downtime and optimizing resource utilization. This paper concludes by addressing future trends, including the integration of AI with the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time project monitoring, the role of generative AI in designing project workflows, and advancements in autonomous decision-making systems. These developments have the potential to redefine project management in the oil and gas industry, enabling organizations to navigate challenges with greater agility and precision.
Reviewing the Future Role of 6G Technology in Supporting IoT and Smart Cities Infrastructure
Authors: Alozie Chisom Elizabeth , Collins Anuoluwapo , Abieba Olumese Anthony , Akerele Joshua Idowu , Ajayi Olanrewaju Oluwaseun
Published: February 2025

As the world progresses towards a more connected and technologically advanced future, the evolution of wireless communication technologies plays a pivotal role in shaping the landscape of smart cities and the Internet of Things (IoT). This paper provides a comprehensive review of the anticipated impact and potential contributions of 6G technology in supporting and enhancing the infrastructure of IoT and smart cities. The introductory section outlines the historical context of wireless communication, highlighting the transformative journey from 1G to the upcoming 6G. Emphasis is placed on the escalating significance of IoT across various sectors and the need for advanced communication technologies to meet the growing demands of a connected world. The paper explores the defining characteristics and advancements offered by 6G, distinguishing it from its predecessors, particularly 5G. Attention is given to its capabilities in terms of low-latency communication, high data transfer rates, and efficient spectrum utilization. Special focus is directed towards the integration of IoT with 6G technology, elucidating how the enhanced connectivity and massive device handling capabilities of 6G can revolutionize the functioning of IoT devices. The implications of 6G on smart cities infrastructure are discussed, highlighting its role in improving communication between smart devices, enabling real-time data exchange, and supporting resource-intensive applications through edge computing. However, challenges and considerations are not overlooked, as the paper delves into the security and privacy concerns associated with a highly connected environment. Additionally, the discussion extends to the practical challenges of upgrading existing infrastructure and the financial implications of widespread 6G implementation. The paper concludes by envisioning the future implications and opportunities that 6G technology presents. It explores potential applications across diverse sectors and emphasizes the economic and social impacts, including job creation, economic growth, and improvements in the quality of life within smart cities. This paper aims to provide a holistic overview of the future role of 6G technology, offering insights into its potential to reshape the landscape of IoT and smart cities infrastructure. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of advanced communication technologies, IoT, and urban development in the ever-evolving technological landscape.
Analisis Faktor Penyebab Keterlambatan Menggunakan Metode ‎Fault Tree Analysis (Studi Kasus Pembangunan Office Headquarter Surabaya)‎
Authors: Suryaningrum Anis , Rudianto Heru , Mahmudi Agus , Prasetyo Eko
Published: February 2025

Proyek konstruksi pada umumnya mempunyai rencana pelaksanaan dan jadwal pelaksanaan tertentu.  Faktor keterlambatan menjadi hal yang sering terjadi dalam penyelesaian  suatu proyek konstruksi  Dalam proyek pembangunan Office Headquarter Surabaya milik PT. Dermaga yang berletak dijalan Rajawali no.42 Surabaya, mengalami keterlambatan dalam pengerjaanya. Metode analisa yang digunakan untuk mengetahui mekanisme faktor-faktor penyebab keterlambatan adalah metode Fault Tree Analysis, sedangkan metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan percepatan penyelesaian proyek adalah metode Critical Path Method (CPM) dengan bantuan Microsoft Project sebagai analisa datanya. Hasil analisa dari Fault Tree Analysis pada 3 Top event didapatkan bahwa keterlambatan terjadi yaitu, adanya perubahan gambar, material yang terlambat, tenaga yang kurang kompeten, kurangnya koordinasi dengan pihak kontraktor dan pihak konsultan, sedangkan untuk hasil percepatan penyelesaian proyek dengan menggunakan metode Critical Path Method (CPM) dengan bantuan Microsoft Project adalah adanya penambahan waktu selama 74 hari dan pemberlakuan jam kerja lembur 4 jam pada pekerjaan yang berada pada jalur kritis.