bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores de riesgo para la incidencia de mastitis clínica en ganado lechero de Costa Rica
Authors: Mora María Gabriela , Vargas Bernardo , Romero Juan José , Camacho Jorge
Published: October 2020

Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo para evaluar posibles factores de riesgo, relacionados con la vaca y su entorno, sobre la ocurrencia de primeros eventos de mastitis clínica en ganado lechero de Costa Rica. Se contó con información de 313 406 lactancias, 101 125 vacas y 288 hatos. La frecuencia relativa de mastitis a nivel poblacional fue de 11,6%, con variaciones desde 0,3% hasta 70,7% entre los hatos. La tasa de incidencia poblacional fue de 4,65 casos por cada 10 000 días a riesgo en la lactancia, con oscilaciones entre 0,092 y 5,7 para los diferentes hatos. Mediante regresión logística se evaluaron posibles factores de riesgo que afectan la incidencia de mastitis. Se exploraron 2 modelos mixtos lineales generalizados (GLMM), sin (modelo base) y con (modelo alternativo) efectos de lactancia previa. Los factores fijos con efecto significativo fueron: zona agroecológica, grupo racial, año, número y mes de parto, periodo de lactancia, duración y producción de leche en lactancia previa e historial previo de mastitis. Las categorías de mayor vs. menor propensión a contraer mastitis fueron, respectivamente: zona bosque seco tropical (OR Odds ratio:11,03) vs. bosque húmedo tropical (OR:0,97), grupo racial Jersey×Pardo Suizo (OR:1,67) vs. Pardo Suizo (OR: 1), partos en años previos a 1995 (OR:2,19) vs. posteriores a 2010 (OR:1), número de parto 4 (OR:1,19) vs. primer parto (OR:0,54), mes de parto Marzo (OR:1,25) vs. Octubre (OR:0,95), periodo de lactancia 1-30 días (OR:104) vs. 391- 420 días (OR:0,94). En covariables, un incremento de 30 d en longitud de la lactancia anterior se asoció con OR de 1,04 y un incremento de 1000 kg en producción en la lactancia previa se asoció con un OR de 1,17. Estos hallazgos pueden ser útiles para el desarrollo de protocolos preventivos enfocados a reducir la incidencia de mastitis en los grupos de mayor riesgo.
Inoculación al suelo con Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum oryzae, Bacillus subtilis y microorganismos de montaña (mm) y su efecto sobre un sistema de rotación soya-tomate bajo condiciones de invernadero
Authors: Castro Barquero Leida , Murillo Roos Mariana , Uribe Lorío Lidieth , Mata Chinchilla Rafael
Published: October 2020

Se evaluó un sistema de rotación soyatomate, con incorporación de biomasa verde y aplicación de inóculos microbianos individuales y en mezcla sobre el crecimiento de las plantas y propiedades edáficas; para ello se evaluaron en invernadero por 24 meses los siguientes 9 tratamientos: solo tomate (T); rotación tomate-soya (TS); rotación tomate-soya con inoculaciones individuales de Azospirillum oryzae (A); de Pseudomonas fluorescens (P); de Bacillus subtilis (B); de microorganismos de montaña (MM); y las inoculaciones en mezcla de B. subtilis y P. fluorescens (BP); de B. subtilis, P. fluorescens y A. oryzae (BPA); de B. subtilis, P. fluorescens, Azospirillum sp. y MM (BPAMM). Se evaluaron las variables físicas: densidad aparente y de partículas; conductividad hidráulica; poros totales; estabilidad de agregados; resistencia a la penetración (RP); las variables químicas: pH; conductividad eléctrica; contenido de N y C; relación C/N; contenido de nutrientes en suelos y foliares; las variables biológicas: respiración de suelos, unidades formadoras de colonias de hongos, bacterias y actinomicetos y el peso fresco y seco foliar. Las variables físicas no fueron afectadas por los tratamientos, con excepción de RP, que fue mayor en el tratamiento T. Las variables biológicas y químicas fueron sensibles a los tratamientos, con valores significativamente más altos en presencia de MM. Destaca el incremento del P en solución de suelo en tratamientos a los que se adicionó MM: pasó de 6 a 20 mg.l-1; esta condición se reflejó además en la cantidad de P en el tejido foliar al final del ensayo. Se determinó que el pH, CE y la respiración del suelo fueron afectados por la interacción entre los tratamientos aplicados y el tiempo transcurrido; los mayores valores se obtuvieron al final del ensayo y en los tratamientos con MM.
Utilización del nematodo entomopatógeno Heterorhabditis atacamensis CIA-NE07 en el control del picudo del banano cosmopolites sordidus en condiciones in vitro
Authors: Amador Marianela , Molina Diego , Guillen Cesar , Parajeles Elena , Jiménez Katherine , Uribe Lidieth
Published: October 2020

Entre las especies de barrenadores del banano, el picudo negro (Cosmopolites sordidus) es la plaga de mayor importancia económica en Costa Rica y a nivel mundial. El control de C. sordidus en sistemas intensivos de producción se basa principalmente en la aplicación de insecticidas, por lo que se necesita buscar alternativas biológicas, como el uso de nematodos entomopatógenos (NEP). Se evaluó la susceptibilidad de Cosmopolites sordidus a Heterorhabditis atacamensis CIA-NE07. Se midió el efecto de inocular juveniles infectivos (JI) de H. atacamensis sobre larvas y adultos de C. sordidus, in vitro y en cormos artificialmente infectados. Las larvas inoculadas con NEP presentaron mortalidad de 88% al segundo día y 100% al tercer día; no se observó mortalidad de adultos. Los tratamientos de 100, 500 y 1000 JI.larva-1 presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con respecto al control y la DL50 fue de 52 JI.larva-1. Cuando las larvas se colocaron dentro de los cormos, la DL50 aumentó a 375 JI.larva-1. Los resultados indican que la cepa H. atacamensis CIA-NE07 es capaz de localizar e infectar larvas de picudo dentro del cormo de banano y alcanzar porcentajes de infección superiores al 80%, a 10 días de la inoculación en dosis de 1000 y 2000 JI.larva-1. Los nematodos entomopatógenos constituyen una alternativa viable a considerar dentro de los programas de manejo integrado del picudo negro, en cultivos como banano y plátano.
Experimental approaches to creating a tissue-specific matrix for a bioartificial liver
Authors: Grigoriev A. M. , Basok Yu. B. , Kirillova A. D. , Kirsanova L. A. , Shmerko N. P. , Subbot A. M. , Nemets E. A. , Miloserdov I. A. , Shagidulin M. Yu. , Sevastyanov V. I.
Published: October 2020

Shortage of donor organs for liver transplantation in the treatment of end-stage liver disease dictates the need to develop alternative methods that include technologies on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Objective: to study the ability of a tissue-specific matrix from decellularized human liver fragments (DHLF) to maintain adhesion and proliferation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSCs) and HepG2 under static conditions and in a flow-through bioreactor. Materials and methods. Treatment with surfactants (SAS) – sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100 – followed by exposure to DNase was used for decellularization of human liver fragments (no more than 8 mm3). Biochemical screening included the determination of DNA quantity in the test samples. Efficiency of surfactant washing was assessed by the cytotoxicity of the matrix in the NIH 3T3 fibroblast culture. Viability and metabolic activity of cells were assessed via vital staining with a complex of fluorescent dyes LIVE/DEAD ® and PrestoBlue™ (Invitrogen, USA). Morphological examination of the liver cell-engineered constructs was carried out through histological staining and scanning electron microscopy with lanthanide contrast. Results. It was shown that the liver decellularization method used allows to obtain a biocompatible matrix with a residual DNA quantity <1%, which is capable of maintaining adhesion and proliferation of hAT-MSCs and HepG2. On day 7 of cultivation in the bioreactor, there was formation of a single conglomerate of the DHLF matrix with numerous groups of viable cells with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The urea content in the culture medium is 1.5 ± 0.1 mmol/L, exceeding that of samples obtained under static conditions. This indicates the metabolic activity of HepG2 in the composition of the obtained culture systems. It was shown that constant flow of the culture medium in the perfusion bioreactor increased the proliferative activity of HepG2 and allowed to provide a more uniform colonization by matrix cells in comparison with static cultivation conditions. Conclusion. The conditions for uniform colonization of DHLFs in a flow-through bioreactor with cell cultures were established. The ability of the matrix to maintain adhesion and proliferation of hADSCs and HepG2 for 11 days indicates that it could be used in liver tissue engineering.
Effect of intramyocardial allogenic biomaterial injection on angiogenesis and postischemic scar remodeling in rats
Authors: Lebedeva A. I. , Muslimov S. A. , Musina L. A. , Gareev E. M. , Kadyrov R. Z. , Condratyeva D. S. , Afanasiev S. A. , Popov S. V.
Published: October 2020

Scar smoothing out, angiogenesis stimulation and cardiomyogenesis in myocardial infarction still remain pressing issues despite the variety of existing methods. One of the ways to correct them is intramyocardial implantation of an alloplant biomaterial (ABM) suspension. ABM serves as an inhibitor of fibroneogenesis in various tissues with chronic inflammatory processes. No studies have been carried out with regards to acute myocardial infarction. Objective: to assess the dynamics of the number of bFGF-1 + cells and CD68 macrophages, the degree of angiogenesis amidst the use of ABM in the formation of postinfarction scar in the experiment. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on 100 male Wistar rats weighing 0.18–0.25 kg. Coronary artery ligation was performed on all animals. In the experimental group, the ABM suspension (12 mg) was injected intramyocardially. We used histological, electron microscopic, immunohistochemical (CD68, bFGF-1), morphometric and statistical research methods. Hearts were procured at day 3, 7, 14, 30, and 45. Results. The use of an allogeneic biomaterial immediately after coronary artery stenosis could reduce the area of cicatricial myocardial degeneration by two fold by accelerating inflammatory response and the onset of early proliferative phase. In the reactive zone after ABM implantation, macrophage myocardial infiltration significantly decreased in comparison to the control group. The use of ABM ensures significant predominance of bFGF-1+ cells in the initial period of inflammation (3–14 days). Subsequently (14–45 days), inflammatory cytokine expression became several times less, which corresponded to biodegradation and resorption of the biomaterial. In the control group, during the acute phase of inflammation (3–14 days), bFGF-1+ cells were low in number. Subsequently (14–45 days), cytokine expression increased significantly, causing rapid accumulation of collagen fibers and scarring. In myocardial regeneration after a heart attack in the experiment, ABM stimulated angiogenesis, whose level was three times higher than in the control group. It was noted that ABM serves as a regulator of the neofibrillogenesis-fibroclasia balance in tissue. Conclusion. Macrophage migration inhibition and suppression of pro-inflammatory orientation of macrophages should be indicated as one of the directions of therapeutic correction strategy for ischemic myocardial injuries. Alloplant biomaterial used in the acute phase of myocardial inflammation can serve as such alternative.
Functional state of the cardiorespiratory system after orthotopic heart transplantation with prolonged cold ischemia time
Authors: Loginova I. Yu. , Kamenskaya O. V. , Fomichev A. V. , Doronin D. V. , Chernyavskiy A. M. , Lomivorotov V. V.
Published: October 2020

Objective: to assess the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system in the long term after orthotopic heart transplantation (HT) with prolonged cold ischemia time. Materials and methods. The results of 60 orthotopic HTs performed at Meshalkin National Medical Research Center were analyzed. A comparison was made of the immediate and long-term outcomes of HTs in the group with cold ischemia time lasting for less than 240 minutes and in those with farther distance between donor and recipient sites with cold ischemia time of 240 minutes or more. In the long-term follow-up after HT, all patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, body plethysmography, assessment of the diffusing capacity of the lungs, and quality of life assessment. Results. Prolonged cold ischemia showed a negative effect on the early postoperative period – decreased myocardial contractility on postoperative day 1 and longer duration of inotropic support. At the same time, the survival rate and incidence of graft rejection reactions in the early and late post-HT periods in the studied groups did not differ significantly. Peak oxygen consumption in the general group in the long term after HT was 17 (14.7–21.0) mL/kg/min, VE/ VCO2 slope was 30 (29–36) at 100 (90–120) W threshold load power. All the parameters of pulmonary function tests did not differ significantly depending on cold ischemia duration. Quality of life also did not show significant differences depending on the duration of graft ischemia in terms of both physical and psycho-emotional health components of the SF-36 questionnaire. Conclusion. Long-term cold ischemia of the graft did not show any negative impact on the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system and quality of life in the long term after HT. The studied group of recipients was characterized by high efficiency of pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange, as well as high tolerance to physical activity in the long-term post-HT period.
Políticas de apoio aos idosos em situação de dependência: Europa e Brasil
Authors: Minayo Maria Cecília de Souza , Barros Mendonça Jurilza Maria , Silva de Sousa Girliani , Freitas da Silva Pereira Telma , Do Nascimento Mangas Raimunda Matilde
Published: October 2020

Neste ensaio teórico discutem-se políticas sobre cuidados de longa duração para pessoas idosas dependentes. O objetivo é analisar o conteúdo e as estratégias que guiaram a formulação das chamadas “políticas de dependência” em alguns estados europeus, buscando orientações para a formulação de ações relativas à mesma questão no caso brasileiro. As bases de conhecimento são documentos oficiais e artigos científicos que descrevem e analisam a institucionalização das propostas. O estudo mostra que os países europeus aqui analisados incluíram as políticas sobre a dependência nos marcos de seu sistema de seguridade social; alguns oferecem proteção total, outros, apenas parcial ao idoso e ao cuidador familiar. Em nenhum deles, a pessoa idosa dependente deixa de receber os cuidados de que precisa. No Brasil, há algumas experiências locais que atendem aos requisitos de atenção integral. São narradas uma de Belo Horizonte e uma de São Paulo. Embora sejam importantes, tais iniciativas não constituem uma política, são casos exitosos que podem evoluir para o aumento da consciência social ou se esvaírem como experiências não institucionalizadas. A questão tratada neste artigo é de grande relevância, pelo fato inexorável do crescimento acelerado da população longeva, a que mais depende do cuidado de terceiros.
Does the right to dignity extend equally to refugees in South Africa?
Authors: Khan Fatima
Published: October 2020

Refugee law scholars have lauded the human rights approach as the most appropriate for addressing issues faced by refugees. The inclusion of human rights in both the 1951 Refugee Convention and the Global Compact for Refugees is evidence thereof. However, even though many countries have enacted domestic refugee legislation, refugee experiences still suggest a gap between this human rights legislation in theory and in practice. For many refugees the human rights approach does not provide effective protection, as it neither ensures physical security nor protects refugees' dignity. In South Africa this is further exacerbated by the lack ofadministrative and judicial consistency. This article explores the connection between refugeehood and dignity by considering dignity principles established by four key philosophers - Hannah Arendt, Immanuel Kant, Jeremy Waldron and Henk Botha. Although all three philosophers emphasise the importance of human dignity and warn of the lack of dignity associated with statelessness, refugees often are still denied this right. The article explores the ways in which dignity is denied to refugees by considering a human rights approach, the lived experiences of refugees in South Africa, and the approach of the South African courts. By analysing refugeehood through these lenses, it becomes clear that current approaches are inadequate to fully support refugees. Despite ample legislation and an urban policy, refugees in South Africa remain outsiders and as such, their dignity often is denied.
The subject-matter jurisdiction and interpretive competence of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights in relation to international humanitarian law
Authors: Waschefort Gus
Published: October 2020

The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights has a uniquely broad subject-matter jurisdiction that includes any 'relevant human rights instrument ratified by the states concerned' (article 3 of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights). This article considers the extent to which the Court's subject-matter jurisdiction includes international humanitarian law, and the related issue of the Court's interpretive competence. It is argued that the Court indeed is competent to directly apply norms of international humanitarian law. However, the circumstances under which it can do so are limited to two instances, namely, (i) where international humanitarian law norms are incorporated by reference into applicable human rights treaties; and (ii) in the likely scenario that the Court regards some international humanitarian law conventions as having a human rights character, the primary rules of the applicable international humanitarian law obligations must entail an individual right. Whether a given international humanitarian law obligation entails an individual right is to be determined on a case-by-case basis and, in any event, such instances will be rare. As a consequence of the limited circumstances under which the Court can directly apply international humanitarian law, determining the extent to which the Court can rely on the interpretation of international humanitarian law in applying human rights norms remains pertinent. In this regard it is argued that the Court can rely on international humanitarian law in the application of human rights norms on two bases. First, considering the complementary relationship the Court has with the African Commission, the Court can rely on the African Charter's interpretation clause (articles 60 and 61). Second, the Court has an implied power to interpret international humanitarian law in applying human rights treaties, as this power is necessary for the Court to discharge its mandate.
Geographical patterns of population aging in Russia
Authors: Petrosian Artur , Shevchuk Egor , Kirillov Pavel , Mozgunov Nikita
Published: October 2020

The paper investigates the geographical features of demographic ageing using the age of retirement as the main definition for the old age boundary. The study is based on demographic statistics of Rosstat and the UN Population Division. The possible interdependence between population ageing and the implementation of social policies in the field of pension regulation is studied. The hypothesis about the relationship between low levels and a high pace of population ageing for countries of the world and regions of the Russian Federation was tested.

A cartographic and statistical analysis of spatial data at the level of regions and municipalities made it possible to identify and describe the main geographical factors of population ageing differentiation. The ‘ethnic’ subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as the Northern regions of new development (autonomous okrugs), where a minimum proportion of the elderly of retirement age is observed, are growing older the most rapidly. At the same time, the echo of social сrises that took place during the 20th century still plays a significant part in the pace of ageing. However, over the course of this century its influence will increasingly weaken.

At the local level, ethnic and rural-urban differentiation is becoming a less significant factor of population ageing in comparison with migration: the working-age population continues to concentrate in the largest urbanised areas. The main territories of the “young” population concentration are the administrative centres of Russia’s regions and areas with a high proportion of non-Russian ethnic groups with a high total fertility rate (TFR), as well as some other ‘azonic’ municipalities.
Adubação nitrogenada associada à inoculação de Bradyrhizobium japonicum pode aumentar a produtividade e o teor de proteínas de grãos de soja?
Authors: Zuffo Alan Mario , Ratke Rafael Felippe , Aguilera Jorge González , Santos Filho Fábio Nogueirol dos , Yokota Lidiane Arissa , Morais Denise Batista de
Published: October 2020

A suplementação com nitrogênio (N) mineral com diferentes fontes pode incrementar a produtividade e o teor de proteínas dos grãos de soja. Objetivando-se determinar a resposta da soja a fontes e doses de N, associada à inoculação de Bradyrhizobium japonicum, dois experimentos foram conduzidos em Latossolo Vermelho no Cerrado brasileiro, durante a safra 2018/2019. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, disposto em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 × 5, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois ambientes (UFMS 1 e UFMS 2), duas fontes de nitrogênio (ureia: 45% de N e sulfato de amônio: 21% de N) e cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha–1 de N) aplicados no pleno florescimento (estádio R2). Na formação do legume (estádio R3) foram avaliadas a altura das plantas, teor de clorofila, área foliar e matéria seca aérea. Na colheita foram determinados a inserção do primeiro legume, número de legume, número de grãos por legume, massa de mil grãos, produtividade e o teor de proteínas dos grãos. A adubação não incrementou os componentes de produção, produtividade e o teor de proteína dos grãos, independentemente das fontes e doses de N na aplicação. Por isso, conclui-se que as estirpes de B. japonicum são eficientes para a nutrição de soja cultivada em solo de média a alta fertilidade, não havendo necessidade de se aplicar nitrogênio durante o pleno florescimento.
A case of amenorrhea due to postpartum uterine superinvolution in double didelfus uterus .— (Annali di ost. E. Ginec., October, 1894) .— Uterus didelphys, superinv. postpartum uteri, amenorrhea
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: October 2020

Dr Schiavoni reported one case of abnormal uterine development. In May 1894, in the obstetric-gynecological institute prof. La Torre was admitted to Teresa # 21, complaining about the lack of regulation for 6 months after a miscarriage at the 6th month of pregnancy. She began to menstruate 14 liters. and the type of regulation was not correct.
V S 30 and Dominant Site Frequency (fd) as Provisional Station ML Corrections (dML) in California
Authors: Yong Alan , Cochran Elizabeth , Andrews Jennifer , Hudson Kenneth , Martin Antony , Yu Ellen , Herrick Julie , Dozal Jessica
Published: October 2020

New seismic stations added to a regional seismic network cannot be used to calculate local magnitude (ML) until a revised regionwide amplitude decay function is developed. Each station must record a minimum number of local and regional earthquakes that meet specific amplitude requirements prior to recalibration of the amplitude decay function. Station component adjustments (dML; Uhrhammer et al., 2011) are then calculated after inverting for a new regional amplitude decay function, constrained by the sum of dML for long-running stations. Therefore, there can be significant delay between when a new station starts contributing real-time waveform packets and when data can be included in magnitude determinations. We propose the use of known estimates of seismic site conditions such as the time-averaged shear-wave velocity (VS) of the upper 30 m (VS30) and the site dominant frequency (fd) to calculate dML. Previously established dML, measured VS30, and fd data are available for between 126 and 458 horizontal components (east–west and north–south) at 81 seismic stations in the California Integrated Seismic Network; dML data range from −1.10 to 0.39, VS30 values range from 202 to 1464  m/s, and 440 fd values are compiled from earthquake and microseismic records that range from 0.13 to 21 Hz. We find VS30 and dML exhibit a positive coefficient of determination (R=0.59), indicating that as VS30 increases, dML increases. This implies that greater site amplification (lower VS30) results in smaller dML. fd and dML also generally exhibit a positive correlation (R2<0.56), which implies lower dML values are related to site resonance at depth-dependent frequencies. Using the developed relationships, VS30 or fd measurements can be used to establish a provisional dML for newly established stations. This procedure allows new stations to contribute to regional network ML determinations immediately without the need to wait until a minimum set of earthquake data has been recorded.
Ética e Integridade Corporativa: Análise em uma Empresa Multinacional
Authors: Baier Ernani , Alievi Rejane Maria , Bortolaso Ingridi Vargas
Published: October 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa foi de analisar o entendimento de empresa do segmento de pequenas e médias empresas sobre a importância da integridade corporativa no ambiente organizacional e verificar a geração de valor. A metodologia constituiu-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa e caráter exploratório, empregando-se análise documental e entrevistas em profundidade com a direção, gerência, supervisores e colaboradores da indústria do tabaco, abrangendo áreas de gestão da empresa do estudo de caso. O questionário semiestruturado utilizado nas entrevistas foi dividido em quatro blocos. Buscou-se investigar a gestão estratégica e vantagens competitivas; aspectos relacionados à ética, integridade e governança corporativa, capital reputacional e geração de valor. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram identificar que a utilização de boas práticas gerenciais, bem como um direcionamento estratégico voltado para a condução de negócios com ética e integridade, contribui para a geração de valor e a permanência no mercado de atuação da organização.
La independencia de una versión débil de laconjetura del espacio normal de Moore
Authors: Parra-Londoño Carlos Mario , Uribe-Zapata Andrés Felipe
Published: October 2020

Nuestro propósito es presentar una exposición elemental deunresultado clásico en topología general, que es una versión débil de un proble-ma conocido como la conjetura del espacio normal de Moore. Con este fin,se definen y estudian algunas propiedades básicas de los espacios de Moorey se caracterizan aquellos que a su vez son segundo contablesy de Lindelöf.Además, se enuncia la hipótesis del continuo y el Axioma de Martin, y seaplican para establecer la independencia del problema en cuestión.
Истина и история в «феноменологии духа» Гегеля
Authors: Викторович Павлов Павел
Published: October 2020

Прослежен драматический путь истории духа (от «прекрасной нравственной жизни» античности до отчужденного мира буржуазного общества, утвержденного Французской революцией) и его возвращение к «себе», своей истине – «абсолютному знанию», в котором осуществляется понимание исторических форм, раскрывается их подлинный смысл. При этом подчеркивается методологическая значимость опосредования истины и истории, благодаря которому истина и абсолютное не редуцируются к историческим формам и вместе с тем сохраняют их богатство и многообразие, драматизм их становления. В контексте гегелевского понимания истины как «раскрытой реальности» особое внимание уделено обсуждению проблемы соотношения методов «Феноменологии духа» и феноменологии как направления современной мысли.
Marketing Strategy Analysis for Developing a Small-Scale Business in Tourism, in Island Atauro Tourism Object, Dili Timor Leste
Authors: Xaiver Juviano , Candra Dewi Luh Komang , Conçeicão Soares Augusto da
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine "How is the marketing strategy for Small Medium Enterprises in the tourism sector, in Atauro tourism object, Dili, Timor-Leste based on SWOT analysis" with indicators of this marketing strategy using the marketing mix or 7P, including: Product (The Services) /, Price, Place / Business Location, Promotion / Promotion Strategy, People / Human Resources (HR), Process / Process or Business Activities, Physical Evidence / Company Physical Evidence. The population in the research or key informants are business actors in the field of tourism, tourists and local officials, with a total of 34 informants with saturated sample determination to take all small and medium-scale business activities in the tourism sector from 4 predetermined villages and the accidental sampling method for tourists. or visitors and probability sampling methods for local officials. The type of data used in this research is qualitative data and data sources will be obtained through interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observation at the place of the research object, with the analysis tool used in this research is SWOT analysis. The results of the analysis, through the evaluation of internal and external matrices, show that the average value is 1.00, the total score for external evaluation is 2.52, the Matrix and EFE results, can be found through the total IFE score with a value of 2.77 as well as the total EFE score of 2.52. Based on the internal and external matrix, the results show that the achievements of the Small and Medium Enterprises group in the tourism sector of Atauro Island, Dili, Timor-Leste are in the quadrant position of column V which means “stability” with a stable position. Strategies that are suitable for this position are market penetration and product development.
Strengthening the Unity the Republic of Indonesia by Utilizing the Forum of Religious Records
Authors: Misnati Misnati , Sunarso Sunarso
Published: October 2020

The unitary state of the republic of Indonesia often experiences conflicts in the name of religion and even takes the streets to voice what the state decides to carry out by its citizens. It is felt that what the state has decided deviates from religious regulations, so that religious groups have staged demonstrations to express the aspirations of these religious beliefs. The unitary state of the republic of Indonesia can be shaken when it finds such a case, even if we read in the Middle East countries where wars can occur. If this cannot be strengthened, then Indonesia is also a country with great potential in this direction. The author wants to strengthen the position of the unitary republic of Indonesia with state facilities in the form of a container that has a very important role, namely the forum for inter-religious harmony. The interfaith community harmony forum must be at the forefront in maintaining the potential for conflicts that threaten the solidity of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia, not a vessel that is just a formality. This journal uses a qualitative method by using literature review from books and journals, of course, contains proven research results that show that the forum for religious harmony takes part in building regional development participation to strengthen the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia. The results show that 4 research evidence has shown that community harmony forums have an important role in building regional participation, namely by solving problems faced by the community from various kinds of problems which are then discussed in the religious context. This journal uses a qualitative method by using literature review from books and journals, of course, contains proven research results that show that the forum for religious harmony takes part in building regional development participation to strengthen the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia. The results show that 4 research evidence has shown that community harmony forums have an important role in building regional participation, namely by solving problems faced by the community from various kinds of problems which are then discussed in the religious context.
Planting Scheduling of Organic Water Spinach (IpomoeaereptansPoir) Vegetables with Dynamic Simulationin CV. Tani Organik Merapi
Authors: Aldila Livianinda Elza , Khuriyati Nafis , Suwondo Endy
Published: October 2020

One of vegetable commodity that has a high level of demand in Indonesia is water spinach (Ipomoeae reptans poir). Water spinach commodities are very important in improving people's welfare and improving farmers' income if done through good cultivation and techniques. One of the farming techniques in Indonesia that has good prospects is by organic cultivation. Organic water spinach producer in Yogyakarta is CV. Merapi Organic Farm. TOM must be able to maintain the availability of its products in order to be able to meet the demands of its customers. Therefore, this study is forecasting to find out how consumers demand organic water spinach and how to plan scheduling of organic water spinach. Forecasting is done by obtaining the most optimal ARIMA method for predicting organic kale is ARIMA (0,1,1). Based on the forecasting, it can be seen that the total demand for organic water spinach is 1128 kg. Planning for planting organic water spinach is done with a dynamic simulation, results for total amount of organic water spinach is 27297.6 plants and total land area is 225.6 m2.
Comparative Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Emotion Regulation, Positive and Negative Affection, Aggressive and Self-Harm Behaviors of 13-16-Year-Old Female Students
Authors: Ghorbani Sara , Salemi Kameneh Alireza , Motahedy Alireza , Alipour Zahra
Published: October 2020

This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy with dialectical behavior therapy on emotion regulation, positive and negative affection, aggressive and self-harm behaviors of 13 to 16-year-old female students. The results showed that both CBT and DBT have a significant effect on increasing emotional regulation and positive affect, and decreasing negative affect, reducing aggressive behavior and self-harm. Also there was no significant difference between two treatments in increasing the positive affection and decreasing negative affection, but the effect of DBT on increasing emotional regulation and reducing self-harm and aggressive behaviors was significantly more than CBT.
Student Development Zone: Higher Order Thinking Skills (Hots) in Critical Thinking Orientation
Authors: Jaenudin Riswan , Chotimah Umi , Farida Farida , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: October 2020

Education is an important thing for humans to need because it functions to prepare human resources in the nation's development process. There are several characteristics in formal education, namely: having a clear curriculum, applying certain conditions for students and teaching staff must meet certain classifications. A person's ability to achieve success in life is determined by how much his ability to think in facing and solving life's problems. Someone who has the ability to think critically will always evaluate an activity to conclude everything that is factual. This research uses qualitative methods and literature study approaches. The results of the study describe: 1. Educational Zones: Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS); 2. Student Zone: Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in the Orientation of Increasing Critical Thinking; 3. Higher Education Zone: Reflections on Critical Thinking. The conclusion obtained is that HOTS is said to be good because it can find problems, solve problems and in the process of problem solving involves thinking processes of analyzing, evaluating, creating. This is because in the learning process students are actively involved to search for and find various concepts of knowledge so that it will increase creativity, innovation ability and critical thinking processes of students in solving a problem. If this continues to be honed, we will be able to compete in the 4.0 industrial revolution era.
Legal Risk Mitigations on Trademark Rights as Bank Guarantee Credit
Authors: Usanti Trisadini Prasastinah
Published: October 2020

Credit problem and even bad credit are a problem for banks, because the existence of credit problem is not only decrease the bank incomes but decrease the profit. This research has a purpose to examine the risk mitigation on object guarantee in form of trademark rights which conducted by bank. The method used here is normative method by statutory and conceptual approach. This research used Burgerlijk Wetboek (BW), the Constitutions Number 20/2016 about Brands and Geographic indication, the Constitution of Banks, The Constitution Number 42/1999 about the Fiduciary Guarantee and Implementing the Regulation as legal material, and books, journal, research report, and article as secondary material. The result of this analysis showed that guarantee as bank effort to ward off legal risk such as weakness of the alliance until not fulfilled the contractual terms or not perfect of collateral binding even the cancellation of the brand certificate. Based on the result, this research concluded that bank have to anticipate legal risk which possible appeared from a brand, such as binding of principal agreement that which does not fulfill the conditions of the validity of the agreement or the collateral agreement which is not perfect the binding, even on the brand certificates is possibly to be cancelled.
Simulated deforestation versus satellite data in Roraima, Northern Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: Barni Paulo , Barbosa Reinaldo Imbrozio , Manzi Antônio Ocimar , Fearnside Philip Martin
Published: October 2020

Cenários de mudança de uso e cobertura da terra na Amazônia são necessários para subsidiar decisões que podem evitar a emissão de milhões de toneladas de CO2 para a atmosfera. Portanto, é importante avaliar modelos que visam a geração de cenários futuros. O atual estudo avaliou cenários gerados para o período 2011-2017 em Roraima, norte da Amazônia. Comparou-se o desmatamento simulado com os dados de satélite do PRODES. O mapeamento compreendeu (i) uma Área de Uso Silvo-pastoril – AUS (excluindo terras indígenas, unidades de conservação e não-floresta) intersectada com (ii) uma grade de nove (9) células de 10.000 km2 (100 × 100 km) para avaliações. O cenário de 2013 apresentou a maior similaridade (55,2%) com o mapa correspondente do PRODES. Apesar das divergências entre o desmatamento simulado nos cenários e o desmatamento oficial, no geral, as avaliações demonstraram a validade do modelo e a sua habilidade para gerar cenários que representam, de forma realística, o desmatamento ocorrido em Roraima no período analisado.
Effects of digital transformation of the economy and quality of life in Russia
Authors: Litvintseva Galina P. , Karelin Ilya N.
Published: October 2020

This paper deals with the process of digital transformation, its effects and their distribution in the regional aspect. The research is an attempt to define the influence of digital factors on the main indicator of people’s wealth (gross domestic product per capita) considering regional and temporal differences during the period from 2015 to 2018 in the regions of the Russian Federation. The digital component of people’s quality of life is defined based on the Russian regional index (digital index). To estimate the effects, panel data models were used to show the relationships between the parameters in space and time simultaneously for the period from 2015 to 2018. The econometric models surved as a tool for evaluating: 1) influence of the digital index on the real GRP per capita; 2) its influence on the real GRP per capita considering temporal and regional differences. To specify regional differences, digital inequality in the districts and subjects of the Russian Federation was considered. The research findings showed that the Russian regional index of digital component of people’s quality of life grew by 0.051 during the years 2015–2018. Regional factors strongly affect the impact of this index on real GRP per capita. The number of regions with negative corrected elasticity ratios (adjusted appropriately for differences in regions and period) decreased by 5. Variation ratio of the digital index decreased by 10.2%. Compared to the rest of the Russian federal districts, Ural and Northern Caucasus ones demonstrate higher digital inequality. In general, the positive impact of digitalization is identified for economically developed and rich regions of Russia, while for less developed regions, this impact could entail digital risks.
Lekcje płynące z historii gospodarczej — kryzys azjatycki z 1997 roku a aktualna potrzeba rozwoju źródeł finansowania w walucie krajowej od rezydentów
Authors: Pisany Paweł
Published: October 2020

Kryzys azjatycki z 1997 roku stanowi cenne źródło doświadczeń dla gospodarek wschodzących jeśli chodzi o rolę systemu finansowego w fazie szybkiego rozwoju gospodarczego. W niniejszym opracowaniu analizie poddano wydarzenia kryzysowe z 1997 roku w kontekście pożądanego kierunku rozwoju systemu finansowego. Podjęte badania wskazują, że cechą charakterystyczną finansowania dłużnego w gospodarkach azjatyckich przed 1997 rokiem było rosnące podwójne niedopasowanie bilansowe (double mismatch dillema), to jest dotyczące terminów wymagalności oraz waluty pozyskiwanego finansowania. Błędem było oparcie wzrostu gospodarczego na zagranicznym krótkoterminowym finansowaniu nominowanym w walutach obcych. Studia nad kryzysem azjatyckim wskazują, że odpowiednio rozwinięte krajowe rynki finansowe powinny stanowić konkurencję wobec zagranicznych, zwłaszcza w gospodarkach wschodzących, a dywersyfikacja finansowania gospodarki, jeśli chodzi o pochodzenie środków (krajowe lub zagraniczne), może stanowić narzędzie wydłużenia terminów wymagalności pożyczek oraz redukcji niedopasowania walutowego oraz w konsekwencji zwiększać odporność gospodarki na szoki zewnętrzne.
Improving Mathematics Content Mastery and Enhancing Flexible Problem Solving through Team-Based Inquiry Learning
Authors: Lewis Drew , Estis Julie
Published: October 2020

This article examines how student learning is affected by the use of team-based inquiry learning, a novel pedagogy in mathematics that uses team-based learning to implement inquiry-based learning. We conducted quasi-experimental and observational studies in intermediate level mathematics courses, finding that team-based inquiry learning led to increased content mastery and that students took a more flexible approach to solving problems. We also found that in the courses using this pedagogy, women (but not men) had a reduction in communication apprehension over the course of a semester. We conclude that team-based inquiry learning effectively enhances student learning and problem solving, preparing students for future academic success and fostering career readiness.
A Three-Party Case Study: Exploring the Value of Student Work in Co-creation in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Cho Sunah , Werker Gregory R. , Liu Arkie Yaxi , Moghtader Bruce , Huh Woonghee Tim
Published: October 2020

In the context of a large first-year business course, we explore the value of student contributors, the former students from this course, working with faculty to improve the learning experience of the students enrolled in the course. By describing our study of the roles, impacts, benefits, and challenges of the student contributors’ involvement in creating supplemental resources, such as videos and practice problems, intended to augment the teaching process of the faculty and the learning process of the student learners, we contribute to the understanding of this three-party experience. Our study included interviews, survey questions, and resource-engagement analytics. We found that because student contributors can provide unique perspectives, greater inclusivity, and diverse approaches to teaching, there are benefits to the instructors, the student contributors, and the student learners.
Who Are We Citing and How? A SoTL Citation Analysis
Authors: Cappello Alicia , Miller-Young Janice
Published: October 2020

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) is continuing to develop as a multidisciplinary, international field of practice and a topic of study itself. As the field matures, one area of interest has been the SoTL literature review. However, there has not been an evidence-based study of SoTL citation practices. The purpose of this study was to analyze one year’s worth of articles from this journal to see how references and in-text citations are used. Overall, 514 references and 954 in-text citations were found across 18 articles. A diverse range of multidisciplinary and specialized academic journals were cited; 8 percent of in-text citations cited a source other than an academic journal. Each reference and in-text citation was coded as either substantive (Applied, Contrastive, or Supportive) or non-substantive (Reviewed or Perfunctory). A high rate of in-text citations (74 percent) were found to be non-substantive, with the majority of non-substantive in-text citations (71 percent) found in either the Introduction or Literature Review sections of the articles. Conversely, of the 26 percent of in-text citations considered substantive, 50 percent were found in either the Results & Discussion or Conclusion sections. We demonstrate the use of the coding scheme as a self-assessment tool and conclude by suggesting that SoTL authors and reviewers could use it to assess the depth and breadth of their literature reviews.
Embracing Difficulty across the Disciplines: The Difficulty Paper as a Tool for Building Disciplinary Literacy
Authors: Cisco Jonathan
Published: October 2020

Students face challenging texts and concepts across the disciplines in higher education, and many students lack the reading skills and strategies to make sense of them. The aim of the small study described in this article was to explore the benefits, if any, of the difficulty paper, a written formative assessment that asks students to explore their difficulties with challenging texts. An inductive analysis of student difficulty papers in a multidisciplinary “Great Works” course suggests that the paper encouraged students to address their confusion without dismissing it and helped students to model the processes of good reading. Findings also suggest that the assignment may be a useful tool to develop disciplinary habits of mind. The article concludes with an example of how educators might use the difficulty paper in science and mathematics courses.
Describing Students’ Intercultural Competence after Completing a Cultural Diversity Course Online or Face-to-Face
Authors: Iseminger Shalyse I. , Diatta-Holgate Horane A. , Morris Pamala V.
Published: October 2020

This study describes students’ development of components of intercultural competence after completing a cultural diversity course and compared degrees of intercultural competence between a face-to-face course and an equivalent online section of the same course. Analysis of final written reflections from students demonstrated that students gained a deeper awareness of their lack of knowledge related to culture. The analysis also revealed that students in the online version of the course demonstrated higher degrees of intercultural openness and cultural self-awareness than did those in the face-to-face context. Findings from this study contribute significantly to the research on intercultural competence and the teaching of cultural diversity courses.