bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification of functional recovery in a larval zebrafish model of spinal cord injury
Authors: Hossainian Darius , Shao Enhua , Jiao Binxuan , Ilin Vladimir A. , Parris Ritika S. , Zhou Yangzhong , Bai Qing , Burton Edward A.
Published: August 2022

Human spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by permanent loss of damaged axons, resulting in chronic disability. In contrast, zebrafish can regenerate axonal projections following central nervous system injury and re‐establish synaptic contacts with distant targets; elucidation of the underlying molecular events is an important goal with translational potential for improving outcomes in SCI patients. We generated transgenic zebrafish with GFP‐labeled axons and transected their spinal cords at 10 days post‐fertilization. Intravital confocal microscopy revealed robust axonal regeneration following the procedure, with abundant axons bridging the transection site by 48 h post‐injury. In order to analyze neurological function in this model, we developed and validated new open‐source software to measure zebrafish lateral trunk curvature during propulsive and turning movements at high temporal resolution. Immediately following spinal cord transection, axial movements were dramatically decreased caudal to the lesion site, but preserved rostral to the injury, suggesting the induction of motor paralysis below the transection level. Over the subsequent 96 h, the magnitude of movements caudal to the lesion recovered to baseline, but the rate of change of truncal curvature did not fully recover, suggesting incomplete restoration of caudal strength over this time course. Quantification of both morphological and functional recovery following SCI will be important for the analysis of axonal regeneration and downstream events necessary for restoration of motor function. An extensive array of genetic and pharmacological interventions can be deployed in the larval zebrafish model to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Syringe‐dispensed omega‐3 lipid injectable emulsions should be stored under airtight refrigeration: A proposal for the efficient supply of unapproved precious lipid resources
Authors: Setoguchi Makoto , Muto Mitsuru , Ohata Tomonori , Fukuoka Ryuichi , Ikeda Hirohito , Aki Hatsumi , Haraguchi Masaomi , Hanjo Shota , Arima Junko , Ibara Satoshi
Published: August 2022

Background

Both fish‐oil lipid injectable emulsion (FO‐ILE) and mixed‐oil lipid injectable emulsion (MO‐ILE) are key components of parenteral nutrition and require importation into Japan, and they are easily oxidized after opening. Given the small daily volumes of these lipids dispensed in infants and children with intestinal failure (IF), the purpose of the study was to identify the optimal storage method.

Methods

Lipids were prepared in polypropylene syringes in the following manner: air‐sealing and photoprotection, air‐sealing only, photoprotection only, and uncovered. Samples were stored for 14 days at 4°C or 26°C. The degree of oxidative degradation was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and pH and comparing them to the values measured immediately after opening.

Results

For FO‐ILE, the increase in MDA concentration for 14 days was insignificant in air‐sealed samples, regardless of photoprotection (+0.45 μM, P = 1.0) or no photoprotection (+0.52 μM, P = 1.0). This trend was more pronounced at 4°C than at 26°C (P < 0.01). The maximum pH decrease was 0.08 at 4°C. MO‐ILE exhibited an insignificant increase in MDA concentration for 14 days with air‐sealed samples, regardless of photoprotection (+0.36 μM, P = 0.11) or no photoprotection (+0.33 μM, P = 0.76). This trend was more pronounced at 4°C than at 26°C (P < 0.01). The maximum pH decrease was 0.12 at 4°C. For soybean‐oil lipid injectable emulsion, the trend was similar with no considerable deterioration.

Conclusion

Syringe‐dispensed FO‐ILE and MO‐ILE stored under airtight refrigeration remained undeteriorated for 14 days. Our results are considered clinically valuable when supplying these expensive resources for infants with IF.
Successful operational integration of healthcare analytics at Seattle Children's
Authors: Frisbee Kathleen L. , Sousa Ryan
Published: August 2022

Introduction

As the quantity and complexity of health data grows, it is critical for healthcare organizations to devise analytic strategies that power data innovation so they can take advantage of new opportunities and improve outcomes. Seattle Children's Healthcare System (Seattle Children's) is an example of an organization that has built an operating model that integrates analytics into their business and daily operations. We present a roadmap for how Seattle Children's consolidated its fragmented analytics operations into a unified cohesive ecosystem capable of supporting advanced analytics capabilities and operational integration to transform care and accelerate research.

Methods

In‐depth interviews were conducted with ten leaders at Seattle Children's who have been instrumental in developing their enterprise analytics program. Interviews included the following leadership roles: Chief Data & Analytics Officer, Director of Research Informatics, Principal Systems Architect, Manager of Bioinformatics and High Throughput Analytics, Director of Neurocritical Care, Strategic Program Manager & Neuron Product Development Lead, Director of Dev Ops,Director of Clinical Analytics, Data Science Manager, and Advance Analytics Product Engineer. The interviews were unstructured and consisted of conversations intended to gather information from leadership about their experiences in building out Enterprise Analytics at Seattle Children's.

Results

Seattle Children's has built an advanced enterprise analytics ecosystem that is integrated into its daily operations by applying an entrepreneurial mindset and agile development practices that are common in a startup environment. Analytics efforts were approached iteratively by selecting high‐value projects that were delivered through Multidisciplinary Delivery Teams that were integrated into service lines. Service line leadership, in partnership with the Delivery Team leads, were responsible for the success of the team by setting project priorities, determining project budgets, and maintaining overall governance of their analytics endeavors. This organizational structure has led to the development of a wide range of analytic products that have been used to improve both operations and clinical care at Seattle Children's.

Conclusions

Seattle Children's has demonstrated how a leading healthcare system can successfully create a robust, scalable, near real‐time analytics ecosystem‐ one that delivers significant value to the organization from the ever‐expanding volume of health data we see today.
Diagnostic yield of candidate genes in an Australian corneal dystrophy cohort
Authors: Souzeau Emmanuelle , Siggs Owen M. , Mullany Sean , Schmidt Joshua M. , Hassall Mark M. , Dubowsky Andrew , Chappell Angela , Breen James , Bae Haae , Nicholl Jillian , Hadler Johanna , Kearns Lisa S. , Staffieri Sandra E. , Hewitt Alex W. , Mackey David A. , Gupta Aanchal , Burdon Kathryn P. , Klebe Sonja , Craig Jamie E. , Mills Richard A.
Published: August 2022

Corneal dystrophies describe a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders. The International Classification of Corneal Dystrophies (IC3D) lists 22 types of corneal dystrophy, 17 of which have been demonstrated to result from pathogenic variants in 19 identified genes. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic yield of genetic testing in a well‐characterised cohort of 58 individuals from 44 families with different types of corneal dystrophy. Individuals diagnosed solely with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy were excluded. Clinical details were obtained from the treating ophthalmologist. Participants and their family members were tested using a gene candidate and exome sequencing approach. We identified a likely molecular diagnosis in 70.5% families (31/44). The detection rate was significantly higher among probands with a family history of corneal dystrophy (15/16, 93.8%) than those without (16/28, 57.1%, p = .015), and among those who had undergone corneal graft surgery (9/9, 100.0%) compared to those who had not (22/35, 62.9%, p = .041). We identified eight novel variants in five genes and identified five families with syndromes associated with corneal dystrophies. Our findings highlight the genetic heterogeneity of corneal dystrophies and the clinical utility of genetic testing in reaching an accurate clinical diagnosis.
HPDL mutations identified by exome sequencing are associated with infant neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Wang Yanhong , Zheng Xuan , Feng Chao , Fan Xiaoge , Liu Lei , Guo Pengbo , Lei Zhi , Mei Shiyue
Published: August 2022

Background

Recent research found that biallelic HPDL variants can cause neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive spasticity and brain white matter abnormalities (NEDSWMA), with only a few reports. Clinical phenotypic information on individuals with damaging HPDL variants may also be incomplete. The phenotype of NEDSWMA is characterized by severe neurodevelopmental delay, brain atrophy, and spasticity in infancy.

Methods

Exome sequencing was used in the proband and his parents to identify the underlying genetic cause. Candidate mutations were validated by classic Sanger sequencing. The clinical presentation of the infant who carried HPDL variants was summarized.

Results

We identified a novel compound heterozygous variants in HPDL, c.995delC (p.T332Mfs) and c.1051C>T (p.Q351*) in the patient a 6‐month‐old boy presenting with global developmental delay, seizures, hypertonia, and limb spasticity. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed thin corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, white matter volume reduction, bilateral frontotemporal subarachnoid widening, and sulcus deeping.

Conclusion

Our results provided important information for the associations of variants in HPDL with the neurodevelopmental disorder in infants, and broaden the genetic spectrum of HPDL‐related disease. This is the second report of the HPDL mutation causing infant neurodevelopmental disorders in a Chinese population.
New Massachusetts law to reform BH, address barriers to care
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: August 2022

Massachusetts legislation that was signed into law this month to remove barriers to timely quality care and provide the state with more effective tools to enforce existing mental health parity laws is being hailed by advocates as a landmark bill that will also provide timely resources to schools and communities to support behavioral health service access.
Public health workers responding to COVID have higher PTSD
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: August 2022

Public health workers who spent more time on COVID‐19 response activities were more likely to report mental health symptoms, including post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Patterns in the predator–prey system with network connection and harvesting policy
Authors: Chen Mengxin , Wu Ranchao
Published: August 2022

A diffusive predator–prey system with the network connection and harvesting policy is investigated in the present paper. The global existence and boundedness of the positive solutions to the parabolic equations are analyzed. Hereafter, a priori estimates and non‐existence of the non‐constant steady states are investigated for the corresponding elliptic equation. Next, we focus on the network connect model. The stability of the positive equilibrium, the Hopf bifurcation, and the Turing instability of networked system are explored. By using the multiple time scale (MTS), the direction of the Hopf bifurcation is determined. It is found that the networked system may admit a supercritical or subcritical Hopf bifurcation. For the Turing instability, the positive equilibrium will change its stability from an unstable state to a stable one with the change of the connecting probability. That is not the case in the model without network structure. Theoretical results also show that the model can create rich dynamical behaviors and numerical simulations well verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.
On the stable difference scheme for source identification nonlocal elliptic problem
Authors: Ashyralyyev Charyyar
Published: August 2022

Approximation of source identification problem for elliptic equation with integral‐type nonlocal condition is discussed. The first order of accuracy difference scheme for elliptic nonlocal identification problem is studied. By using spectral resolution of a self‐adjoint operator, we establish stability inequalities for solution of constructed scheme. Subsequently, the difference scheme for approximate solution of multidimensional boundary value problem with integral‐type nonlocal and first kind boundary conditions is investigated on stability. Numerical test examples are presented.
A fast GPU‐accelerated Monte Carlo engine for calculation of MLC‐collimated electron fields
Authors: Brost Eric E. , Wan Chan Tseung H. , Antolak John A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Although intensity‐modulated radiation therapy and volumetric arc therapy have revolutionized photon external beam therapies, the technological advances associated with electron beam therapy have fallen behind. Modern linear accelerators contain technologies that would allow for more advanced forms of electron treatments, such as beam collimation, using the conventional photon multi‐leaf collimator (MLC); however, no commercial solutions exist that calculate dose from such beam delivery modes. Additionally, for clinical adoption to occur, dose calculation times would need to be on par with that of modern dose calculation algorithms.

Purpose

This work developed a graphics processing unit (GPU)‐accelerated Monte Carlo (MC) engine incorporating the Varian TrueBeam linac head geometry for a rapid calculation of electron beams collimated using the conventional photon MLC.

Methods

A compute unified device architecture framework was created for the following: (1) transport of electrons and photons through the linac head geometry, considering multiple scattering, Bremsstrahlung, Møller, Compton, and pair production interactions; (2) electron and photon propagation through the CT geometry, considering all interactions plus the photoelectric effect; and (3) secondary particle cascades through the linac head and within the CT geometry. The linac head collimating geometry was modeled according to the specifications provided by the vendor, who also provided phase‐space files. The MC was benchmarked against EGSnrc/DOSXYZnrc/GEANT by simulating individual interactions with simple geometries, pencil, and square beam dose calculations in various phantoms. MC‐calculated dose distributions for MLC and jaw‐collimated electron fields were compared to measurements in a water phantom and with radiochromic film.

Results

Pencil and square beam dose distributions are in good agreement with DOSXYZnrc. Angular and spatial distributions for multiple scattering and secondary particle production in thin slab geometries are in good agreement with EGSnrc and GEANT. Dose profiles for MLC and jaw‐collimated 6–20‐MeV electron beams showed an average absolute difference of 1.1 and 1.9 mm for the FWHM and 80%–20% penumbra from measured profiles. Percent depth doses showed differences of <5% for as compared to measurement. The computation time on an NVIDIA Tesla V100 card was 2.5 min to achieve a dose uncertainty of <1%, which is ∼300 times faster than published results in a similar geometry using a single‐CPU core.

Conclusions

The GPU‐based MC can quickly calculate dose for electron fields collimated using the conventional photon MLC. The fast calculation times will allow for a rapid calculation of electron fields for mixed photon and electron particle therapy.
The role of mtDNA in oocyte quality and embryo development
Authors: St John Justin C. , Okada Takashi , Andreas Eryk , Penn Alexander
Published: August 2022

The mitochondrial genome resides in the mitochondria present in nearly all cell types. The porcine (Sus scrofa) mitochondrial genome is circa 16.7 kb in size and exists in the multimeric format in cells. Individual cell types have different numbers of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number based on their requirements for ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation. The oocyte has the largest number of mtDNA of any cell type. During oogenesis, the oocyte sets mtDNA copy number in order that sufficient copies are available to support subsequent developmental events. It also initiates a program of epigenetic patterning that regulates, for example, DNA methylation levels of the nuclear genome. Once fertilized, the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes establish synchrony to ensure that the embryo and fetus can complete each developmental milestone. However, altering the oocyte's mtDNA copy number by mitochondrial supplementation can affect the programming and gene expression profiles of the developing embryo and, in oocytes deficient of mtDNA, it appears to have a positive impact on the embryo development rates and gene expression profiles. Furthermore, mtDNA haplotypes, which define common maternal origins, appear to affect developmental outcomes and certain reproductive traits. Nevertheless, the manipulation of the mitochondrial content of an oocyte might have a developmental advantage.
Long‐term retention of golimumab treatment in clinical practice in a large cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Pombo‐Suárez Manuel , Seoane‐Mato Daniel , Díaz‐González Federico , Cea‐Calvo Luis , Sánchez‐Alonso Fernando , Sánchez‐Jareño Marta , Jovani Vega , García‐Magallón Blanca , Martínez‐González Olga , Campos‐Fernández Cristina , Manero Javier , Díaz‐Torne Cesar , Bohórquez Cristina , Ros‐Vilamajó Inmaculada , Pérez‐Vera Yanira , Castrejón Isabel
Published: August 2022

Aim

To assess the golimumab retention rate during up to 8 years of follow up, and any associated factors.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of the BIOBADASER (Spanish registry of biological drugs) database, assessing all adults who had ever started golimumab >6 months before the analysis for an approved indication (rheumatoid arthritis [RA], axial spondyloarthritis [SpA] or psoriatic arthritis [PsA]).

Results

Among 885 patients (RA 267, axial SpA 370, PsA 248) receiving 944 cycles of golimumab, the retention rate of golimumab was 71.1% (95% confidence interval: 68.0–73.9) at year 1% and 37.7% (95% CI: 33.3–42.1) at year 7 and at year 8. Retention was higher when golimumab was used as the first biological drug (81.7% at year 1, 49.9% at year 7, p < 0.001). In Cox regression analysis, factors associated with golimumab retention included use as first‐line therapy (hazard ratio [HR] for discontinuation 1.52 for second‐ and 1.79 for third/later‐line vs. first‐line), use in axial SpA or PsA rather than RA (HR for axial SpA vs. RA 0.59, for PsA vs. Rheumatoid arthritis 0.67), and treatment with concomitant methotrexate (HR 0.67). Factors associated with golimumab discontinuation were corticosteroid use (HR 1.46) and disease activity above median (HR 1.29) at golimumab initiation.

Conclusion

Based on this retrospective analysis of the BIOBADASER registry, nearly two‐fifths (37.7%) of adult rheumatology patients initiating golimumab will remain on treatment for 8 years, with a higher probability of retention in axial SpA or PsA indications and when golimumab is used as first biologic.
Safety and effectiveness of the nasal bridle securement device to retain feeding tubes in adult patients in the intensive care unit: An observational study
Authors: Aeberhardt Laurel E. , Bains Vininder K. , Desai Sameer
Published: August 2022

Background

Nasal bridle securement devices were introduced to our adult intensive care unit (ICU) in October 2016 as an alternative for securing small‐bore feeding tubes in patients at higher risk of inadvertent tube dislodgement.

Method

We assessed high‐risk ICU patients from October 2014 to March 2019 to address three objectives. First, we prospectively monitored ICU patients with a nasal bridle for all types of adverse events. Second, we used propensity score methods to create a (1:1) matched historical comparison group (ie, tape group). We then compared the number of inadvertent tube dislodgements and the caloric intake between the tape and nasal bridle groups.

Results

In the prospective group (n = 64), there were 20 adverse events, 12 of which were inadvertent tube dislodgements. Forty‐eight participants in the nasal bridle group were matched with participants in the historical group. Thirty‐five percent (17/48) of patients in the tape group had at least one inadvertent tube dislodgement; in the nasal bridle group, 48% (23/48) had at least one inadvertent tube dislodgement, although this only occurred in 7 of 48 (15%) patients after the nasal bridle had been inserted. The tape group achieved a lower median percentage of total caloric intake received (66.0%) compared with that of the nasal bridle group (86.1%; P = 0.017).

Conclusions

In the subpopulation of ICU patients with a small‐bore feeding tube who demonstrate a higher risk of inadvertent tube dislodgement, use of the nasal bridle may be associated with a higher caloric intake, even though it does not completely prevent tube dislodgement.
Kernel‐based active subspaces with application to computational fluid dynamics parametric problems using the discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Romor Francesco , Tezzele Marco , Lario Andrea , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: August 2022

Nonlinear extensions to the active subspaces method have brought remarkable results for dimension reduction in the parameter space and response surface design. We further develop a kernel‐based nonlinear method. In particular, we introduce it in a broader mathematical framework that contemplates also the reduction in parameter space of multivariate objective functions. The implementation is thoroughly discussed and tested on more challenging benchmarks than the ones already present in the literature, for which dimension reduction with active subspaces produces already good results. Finally, we show a whole pipeline for the design of response surfaces with the new methodology in the context of a parametric computational fluid dynamics application solved with the discontinuous Galerkin method.
Sleep disruption and delirium in critically ill children: Study protocol feasibility
Authors: Kalvas Laura Beth , Harrison Tondi M. , Solove Sandra , Happ Mary Beth
Published: August 2022

Delirium is a serious complication of pediatric critical illness. Sleep disruption is frequently observed in children with delirium, and circadian rhythm dysregulation is one proposed cause of delirium. Children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) experience multiple environmental exposures with the potential to disrupt sleep. Although researchers have measured PICU light and sound exposure, sleep, and delirium, these variables have not yet been fully explored in a single study. Furthermore, caregiving patterns have not often been included as a component of the PICU environment. Measuring the light and sound exposure, caregiving patterns, and sleep of critically ill children requires continuous PICU bedside data collection. This presents multiple methodological challenges. In this paper, we describe the protocol for an observational pilot study of the PICU environment, sleep, and delirium experienced by a sample of 10 critically ill children 1–4 years of age. We also evaluate and discuss the feasibility (i.e., acceptability, implementation, practicality) of the study protocol. Light and sound exposure were measured with bedside sensors. Caregiving was quantified through video recording. Sleep was measured via actigraphy and confirmed by video recording. Delirium screening with the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium was conducted twice daily, either in person or via video review. This study provides a refined measurement framework to inform future, large‐scale studies and the development of nurse‐driven sleep promotion interventions.
Enhanced mechanical properties of bridged graphene oxide/bismaleimide nanocomposites
Authors: Li Jixiang , Zhang Han , Zhang Xueqin , Sun Tong , Heng Zhengguang , Zou Huawei
Published: August 2022

As the primary matrix resin for advanced composites, bismaleimide (BMI) is highly demand in the aerospace field, but its development is limited due to the brittleness of the cured resin. Graphene oxide (GO) is often used as a toughening filler for thermosetting resins due to the special structure, but the dispersion and interface interaction with the matrix have been puzzling. To improve toughening effect of GO in BMI, we proposed a strategy to selectively functionalize the surface of GO. In our work, GO was functionalized by maleic anhydride (MAH) and BMI resin (QY8911‐IV) was selected as the matrix of the nanocomposite. A series of characterizations demonstrated that MAH has been bonded to the surface of GO and modified GO still maintained a nanoscale dimension. Moreover, the short‐chain of MAH can provide a bridging effect. The impact strength of MAH‐GO/QY8911‐IV nanocomposite was 29.06 kJ/m2 at 0.05 wt% loading of MAH‐GO, which was 93.2% higher than that of neat QY8911‐IV. Morphology analysis revealed that the fracture behavior of MAH‐GO modified nanocomposites changed from brittle to ductile. Meanwhile, the nanocomposite showed great heat resistance and thermal stability, so it could be expected to be popularized in high‐load and high‐temperature working environments.
CREATE Childhood Cancer Rehabilitation Program development: Increase access through interprofessional collaboration
Authors: Tanner Lynn R. , Sencer Susan , Gossai Nathan , Watson David , Hooke Mary C.
Published: August 2022

Background

Cancer and its treatment can lead to functional limitations affecting ongoing development in children and adolescents. We developed a pediatric cancer rehabilitation program that integrates evidence‐based rehabilitative care into cancer treatment. The program utilizes the CREATE (collaboration, rehabilitation/research, education, assessment, treatment, evaluation) Childhood Cancer Rehabilitation model. We aim to describe the structural and process components of our rehabilitation program and provide an access and utilization analysis.

Procedures

To evaluate the rehabilitation program, we identified new patients with oncologic diagnoses from 2002 to 2019 using our database. To evaluate rehabilitative care, descriptive data, including the timing and type of rehabilitation services utilized within 5 years of a child's diagnosis, were collected and reviewed. Statistical analysis focused on change over time.

Results

Among 1974 children assessed, 1580 (80.0%) received care from at least one rehabilitation service. Between 2002 and 2018, the percentage of children receiving rehabilitation services grew significantly throughout all disciplines, except for outpatient speech‐language pathology. Utilization differed by age and diagnosis. Integrating therapists in the clinic improved patient access, reduced the time to access outpatient services, and increased the number of attended visits. Additional factors supporting program growth included: identifying leaders, using a prospective surveillance model, education, and program evaluation.

Conclusion

A multimodal interprofessional approach, such as the CREATE model, improves access to and the efficiency of evidence‐based rehabilitation services promoting recovery, ongoing development, and quality of life.
Common bone marrow signature in COVID‐19‐associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A first‐wave small case series experience
Authors: De Ioris Maria Antonietta , Scarselli Alessia , Bracaglia Claudia , Perrotta Daniela , Bernardi Stefania , Santilli Veronica , Ceglie Giulia , Fabozzi Francesco , Agrati Chiara , Prencipe Giusi , Alaggio Rita , Mastronuzzi Angela , De Vito Rita
Published: August 2022

The hyper‐inflammatory response, also known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C), represents a major concern in children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We report bone marrow features of three patients with MIS‐C who were diagnosed during the first wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. A bone marrow evaluation was performed at onset of the inflammatory condition in order to exclude secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). The bone marrows of the patients presented common features: the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages were prominently affected and hemophagocytosis was moderately increased, differently than observed in sHLH. Megakaryocytopoiesis was increased, representing a peculiar feature of MIS‐C differing from sHLH. SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR and viral panel were studied in bone marrow aspiration samples. MIS‐C is a rare complication of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in children. An immuno‐dysregulation considering both innate and adaptive immunity together with vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction play a major role. Our observations, although limited due to the small sample size, suggest that there are unique features in the bone marrow of patients with MIS‐C that are likely secondary to immuno‐dysregulation, and there are notable differences in bone marrow features compared to those reported in sHLH.
Preparation of intercalating halloysite by in situ synthesized polymethyl methacrylate and its effects on the crystallization behaviors and mechanical properties of polylactic acid composites
Authors: Ding Yu , Tian Xiujuan , Guo Xudong , Zhao Lifen , Chang Yuanzhi
Published: August 2022

Polylactic acid/halloysites (PLA/HNTs) composites with different nanotube contents were prepared by solution blending. Using unmodified HNTs and polymethyl methacrylate intercalated halloysites (PMMA‐HNTs), their structures and properties were comparatively investigated. It is found that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites is lower than that of pure PLA. In addition, both HNTs and PMMA‐HNTs promoted the crystallization of PLA. However, due to the good dispersion of PMMA‐HNTs in the matrix, the crystallinity of PMMA‐HNTs‐modified PLA is higher than that of HNTs‐modified PLA loaded with the same nanoparticles. The study on the mechanical properties of PMMA‐HNTs and HNTs‐modified PLA composites suggested that when the content of PMMA‐HNTs was not higher than 4 wt%, it could simultaneously improve the elongation at break and tensile strength. Thermal stability studies showed that the T5% and Tmax of the two composites did not improve significantly, but the amount of carbon residues increased. This study provides a new strategy for modifying HNTs and preparing PLA composites with good comprehensive properties.
Design of the composite hydraulic cylinder with geodesic dome trajectory: A numerical study
Authors: Coskun Taner , Sahin Omer Sinan
Published: August 2022

Hydraulic cylinders are used in many different areas from aviation to construction machinery and are generally manufactured using conventional steels that stand out with their low strength to weight ratio. In this study, it was aimed to design a hydraulic cylinder using composite materials to reduce cylinder weight. In this context, a novel composite hydraulic cylinder was designed, and numerical analyses for the composite portions of the hydraulic cylinder were carried out. For the numerical model, an aluminium liner and cylinder heads with the geodesic dome profiles were used, and composite layers were formed on their surfaces by using the Ansys ACP module. In the numerical analyses, the design parameters such as fabric materials and liner thickness were optimized using response surface optimization, and thus the optimum design parameters were determined. The results were verified by comparing the statistical‐based optimization and numerical analysis results. On the other hand, the wall thickness for the steel hydraulic cylinder, which has the same strength as the composite cylinder, was determined and the structure weights have been compared. As a result of the current study, it has been revealed that composite hydraulic cylinders with the same strength as steel hydraulic cylinders can be designed. With the utilization of the composite materials, it has been observed that composite hydraulic cylinder is 53.78% lighter than conventional hydraulic cylinders. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the novel composite hydraulic cylinder were discussed, and it was found to be feasible for industrial applications in which system weights are the major problem.
Physical aging of PC:PS blends: Dynamic mechanical analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance studies
Authors: Charif Imane , Doulache Naima , Gourari Azeddine , Rodrigue Denis , Giroux Yann , Cherfi Rabah
Published: August 2022

The effect of physical aging of the partially miscible blend of polycarbonate:polystyrene (PC:PS) at temperatures near the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PS was studied as a function of time. For this purpose, blends of PC and PS with different ratios were elaborated and characterized using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and DMA techniques. The results indicated the presence of weak interaction upon blending with a maximum of interaction for the 50:50 blend. The effect of physical aging on the latter was then investigated via DMA, DSC, and NMR analyses. The DMA results showed that both phases were sensitive to aging. The effect was found to be strongly dependent on both the temperature and time. The aging of PC:PS blend was also found to trap stress during the process which induced an instability in the viscoelastic behavior. The latter was found to be associated with a phase‐separation morphology of the blend and influenced by its composition. The NMR analysis also showed a pronounced distortion of the conformation combined with increasing molecular motion. These effects were found to be important for aging below the PS's Tg.
Propensity for resistance development in the invasive berry pest, spotted‐wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii), under laboratory selection
Authors: Deans Carrie , Hutchison William D
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Over the past 14 years, the invasive vinegar fly, spotted‐wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii), has become one of the most damaging fruit pests in the United States. With regional economic losses estimated as high as $500 million for moderate infestations, D. suzukii control represents an often‐untenable cost to growers. Management relies heavily on chemical control, which may be applied up to nine times in one season. The widespread use of chemical controls has led to concerns about insecticide resistance, and resistant field populations have already been documented in California and Michigan.

RESULTS

We cultured sub‐populations of three different Minnesota field populations of D. suzukii in the laboratory and exposed them to increasing concentrations of two commonly‐used insecticides, zeta‐cypermethrin (pyrethroid) and spinetoram (spinosyn). Over the exposure period, the sub‐populations experienced an 8‐ to 45‐fold increase in insecticide concentration. We saw significant increases in the median lethal concentration (LC50) values of one sub‐population exposed to zeta‐cypermethrin and one exposed to spinetoram. Across the spinetoram exposures, we also observed significant reductions in the top mortality values for three different sub‐populations.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that field populations of D. suzukii can develop resistance to zeta‐cypermethrin and spinetoram in short periods of time under laboratory selection but that resistance to spinosyns occurs more readily than to pyrethroids. These results support other studies that have documented spinosyn resistance in field populations and in laboratory selections. Resistance evolution to spinosyns is a particularly important issue, as they represent one of few organic insecticide options for D. suzukii. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Community‐based health insurance service utilization and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Aderajew Mekonnen , Reta Mulumebet Tadesse
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Community‐based health insurance (CBHI) scheme is a powerful tool to achieve universal health service coverage by providing financial protection against healthcare costs. Ethiopia introduced CBHI, although its utilization is suspected to be poor. Consequently, this study aimed to assess CBHI service usage and related factors.

Methods

Six hundred fifty‐two participants were enrolled in this study. Data was collected through a face‐to‐face interview.

Results

This study indicated that 60% of respondents utilized the CBHI service. In this study, male participants were 44% less likely to use the CBHI service (AOR = 0.44 with 95%CI: 0.28–0.70) than female participants. Besides, participants from small households were 54% less likely to utilize the CBHI service (AOR = 0.54 with 95%CI: 0.36–0. 82) than those from large families. However, using the CBHI service was 4.97 times higher among illiterate participants (AOR = 4.97 with 95%CI: 1.46–16.91) than those with literacy skills. Moreover, participants with low income were 5.14 times more likely to use the CBHI service (AOR = 5.14 with 95%CI: 2.27–11.64) than those with high monthly income. Additionally, participants who had not a private home were 6.31 times higher to use the CBHI service (AOR = 6.31 with a 95%CI: 2.76–14.46) than those who had. Furthermore, participants having adequate information on the CBHI were 8.99 times more likely to use the CBHI service (AOR = 8.99 with 95%CI: 5.66–14.27) than those who had not.

Conclusion

The study provides essential information regarding CBHI service utilization and associated factors. Although the majority of the participants used the CBHI service, still a large number of users did not receive the services properly. Availability of laboratory services and delivery of essential drugs were low. Therefore, government and other relevant agencies should develop effective regulatory systems to promote the CBHI service and improve public health facilities' capacity to provide CHHI services properly.
Job insecurity, employability, and mental health in the new era: A test of plausible influence mechanisms and temporal effects
Authors: Sheng Zitong , Griffin Mark A.
Published: August 2022

Although job insecurity and employability have drawn much research attention, the plausible relationships between them and how they jointly influence mental health remain unclear in the literature. We draw upon JD‐R and COR theories to test and contrast three plausible relationships between job insecurity and employability, using a longitudinal sample of 1216 employees over 18 years. We further expand tests of these theoretical positions by considering temporal dynamics, using dynamic structural equation models (DSEMs) for stronger mediation evidence and latent growth models (LGMs) to compare the effects of job insecurity and employability trends in predicting the trend of mental health. In general, findings showed that job insecurity mediated the relationship between employability and mental health, supporting the mediation hypothesis. We also found that employability moderated the relationship between job insecurity and mental health, supporting the moderation hypothesis, although the effect was weak. Results further suggested that the effect magnitudes of job insecurity and employability predicting mental health were significantly different. Specifically, job insecurity was a stronger predictor of mental health than employability across all 18 years; the trend of job insecurity also predicted the trend of mental health more strongly than the trend of employability. Taken together, this study not only advances theory precision but also methodological soundness of research on job insecurity, employability, and mental health, supporting the value of considering temporal factors in examining mental health effects of job insecurity and employability.
Continuous Single‐Crystalline GaN Film Grown on WS2‐Glass Wafer
Authors: Yin Yue , Liu Bingyao , Chen Qi , Chen Zhaolong , Ren Fang , Zhang Shuo , Liu Zhetong , Wang Rong , Liang Meng , Yan Jianchang , Sun Jingyu , Yi Xiaoyan , Wei Tongbo , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Liu Zhongfan , Gao Peng , Liu Zhiqiang
Published: August 2022

Use of 2D materials as buffer layers has prospects in nitride epitaxy on symmetry mismatched substrates. However, the control of lattice arrangement via 2D materials at the heterointerface presents certain challenges. In this study, the epitaxy of single‐crystalline GaN film on WS2‐glass wafer is successfully performed by using the strong polarity of WS2 buffer layer and its perfectly matching lattice geometry with GaN. Furthermore, this study reveals that the first interfacial nitrogen layer plays a crucial role in the well‐constructed interface by sharing electrons with both Ga and S atoms, enabling the single‐crystalline stress‐free GaN, as well as a violet light‐emitting diode. This study paves a way for the heterogeneous integration of semiconductors and creates opportunities to break through the design and performance limitations, which are induced by substrate restriction, of the devices.
Regulation of Macrophage Polarization Through Periodic Photo‐Thermal Treatment to Facilitate Osteogenesis
Authors: Li Bo , Liu Fuli , Ye Jing , Cai Xinmei , Qian Runliu , Zhang Kaiwang , Zheng Yufeng , Wu Shuilin , Han Yong
Published: August 2022

The richened reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their derived excessive inflammation at bone injured sites hinder osteogenesis of endosseous Ti‐based implants. Herein, anti‐oxidized polydopamine (PDA) is deposited on hydrothermal growth formed hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods on Ti to form a core‐shell structural nanorod‐like array with HA as a core and PDA as an amorphous shell (PDA@HA), showing not only ROS scavenging ability but also near‐infrared (NIR) light derived photo‐thermal effects. PDA@HA suppresses inflammation based on its ROS scavenging ability to a certain extent, while periodic photo‐thermal treatment (PTT) at a mild temperature (41 ± 1 °C) further accelerates the transition of the macrophages (MΦs) adhered to PDA@HA from the pro‐inflammatory (M1) phenotype to the anti‐inflammatory (M2) phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that the activation of the PI3K‐Akt1 signaling pathway is responsible for the periodic PTT induced acceleration of the M1‐to‐M2 transition of MΦs. Acting on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with paracrine cytokines of M2 macrophages, PDA@HA with mild PTT greatly promote the osteogenetic functions of MSCs and thus osteogenesis. This work paves a way of employing mildly periodic PTT to induce a favorable immunomodulatory microenvironment for osteogenesis and provides insights into its underlying immunomodulation mechanism.
Progress in Hybridization of Covalent Organic Frameworks and Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Deng Yang , Wang Yue , Xiao Xiao , Saucedo Brett Jacob , Zhu Zhijun , Xie Mingsen , Xu Xinru , Yao Kun , Zhai Yanling , Zhang Zhen , Chen Jun
Published: August 2022

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hybrid materials are a class of porous crystalline materials that integrate MOFs and COFs with hierarchical pore structures. As an emerging porous frame material platform, MOF/COF hybrid materials have attracted tremendous attention, and the field is advancing rapidly and extending into more diverse fields. Extensive studies have shown that a broad variety of MOF/COF hybrid materials with different structures and specific properties can be synthesized from diverse building blocks via different chemical reactions, driving the rapid growth of the field. The allowed complementary utilization of π‐conjugated skeletons and nanopores for functional exploration has endowed these hybrid materials with great potential in challenging energy and environmental issues. It is necessary to prepare a “family tree” to accurately trace the developments in the study of MOF/COF hybrid materials. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest achievements and advancements in the design and synthesis of MOF/COF hybrid materials, including COFs covalently bonded to the surface functional groups of MOFs (MOF@COF), MOFs grown on the surface of COFs (COF@MOF), bridge reaction between COF and MOF (MOF+COF), and their various applications in catalysis, energy storage, pollutant adsorption, gas separation, chemical sensing, and biomedicine. It concludes with remarks concerning the trend from the structural design to functional exploration and potential applications of MOF/COF hybrid materials.
Single‐Atomic Iron Doped Carbon Dots with Both Photoluminescence and Oxidase‐Like Activity
Authors: Li Xin , Ding Shichao , Lyu Zhaoyuan , Tieu Peter , Wang Maoyu , Feng Zhenxing , Pan Xiaoqing , Zhou Yang , Niu Xiangheng , Du Dan , Zhu Wenlei , Lin Yuehe
Published: August 2022

Multifunctional nanozymes can benefit biochemical analysis via expanding sensing modes and enhancing analytical performance, but designing multifunctional nanozymes to realize the desired sensing of targets is challenging. In this work, single‐atomic iron doped carbon dots (SA Fe‐CDs) are designed and synthesized via a facile in situ pyrolysis process. The small‐sized CDs not only maintain their tunable fluorescence, but also serve as a support for loading dispersed active sites. Monoatomic Fe offers SA Fe‐CDs exceptional oxidase‐mimetic activity to catalyze 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation with fast response (Vmax = 10.4 nM s‐1) and strong affinity (Km = 168 µM). Meanwhile, their photoluminescence is quenched by the oxidation product of TMB due to inner filter effect. Phosphate ions (Pi) can suppress the oxidase‐mimicking activity and restore the photoluminescence of SA Fe‐CDs by interacting with Fe active sites. Based on this principle, a dual‐mode colorimetric and fluorescence assay of Pi with high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response is established. This work paves a path to develop multifunctional enzyme‐like catalysts, and offers a simple but efficient dual‐mode method for phosphate monitoring, which will inspire the exploration of multi‐mode sensing strategies based on nanozyme catalysis.
Fifty Years of a Dispute. A Triptych: Why Woodward?**
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I.
Published: August 2022

This publication discusses R. B. Woodward's motivations, personality qualities, and chemical experiences that placed him in a perfect position to discover, along with Roald Hoffmann, the solution to the pericyclic no‐mechanism problem, that is, to discover the Woodward‐Hoffmann rules or, as Woodward preferred, the Principle of Conservation of Orbital Symmetry.
Introduction: On the Meanings of ‘American Reality’
Authors: Resano Dolores
Published: August 2022

This chapter begins by considering the dominant affective state that came into being after the election of Trump in 2016, namely shock and disbelief, and contextualizes it through two opposed yet complementary impulses. First, it illustrates how political and cultural derealization was actively promoted by Trump himself and his administration, to then consider the liberal biases that were already implicit in the widespread perception that reality was collapsing. In the context of the emergence of two and seemingly irreconcilable American realities, ever more polarized along partisan lines, the literary world felt compelled to respond and did so publicly. This chapter considers various initiatives but focuses in particular on the insights provided by writers Aleksandar Hemon, Jan Clausen, and Viet Thanh Nguyen, who denounced the exceptionalist rhetoric that was often employed and called for a more engaged and less self-deluded American literature. It then proceeds to map the emerging corpus of ‘Trump fiction’ and existing scholarly studies, and argues that the analyses offered inAmerican Literature in the Era of Trumpismcontribute not only to the continued understanding of the landscape of American literature after 2016, but also to the long-standing scholarly tradition of decentering the notion of ‘America.’