bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Measurement of Bone Loss at Implants in Patients With Periodontal Disease
Authors: Kehl Marcus , Swierkot Katrin , Mengel Reiner
Published: November 2010

Background: The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the three‐dimensional marginal bone level around implants 5 to 15 years after loading in partially edentulous patients treated for generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP).

Methods: Seventeen patients with GCP and 17 patients with GAgP were treated with a total of 119 implants. Patients were examined clinically on a 3‐month recall schedule after insertion of the superstructure, and radiographs were taken at fixed intervals. At the end of the observation period, cone‐beam computed tomography was used for the analysis of the circumferential three‐dimensional bone level (mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual/palatal) and determination of keratinized mucosa thickness (KMT).

Results: In both groups, a significant bone loss at implants was observed buccally (GAgP group: 4.49 ± 2.93 mm; GCP group: 3.57 ± 2.94 mm) with significantly more average bone loss in patients with GAgP (3.00 ± 1.67 mm) compared to in patients with GCP (2.45 ± 1.08 mm). The lowest values for KMT in both groups were found in the anterior mandible (GAgP group: 0.99 ± 1.13 mm; GCP group: 0.82 ± 0.91 mm). There were significant correlations between clinical parameters and bone loss in mandibles of patients with GAgP.

Conclusions: The lowest value for KMT in both groups was found in the mandible. Bone loss was observed buccally and was more pronounced in patients with GAgP, with a significant correlation with keratinized mucosa and increased inflammation.
Refractory Periodontitis Population Characterized by a Hyperactive Oral Neutrophil Phenotype
Authors: Aboodi Guy M. , Goldberg Michael B. , Glogauer Michael
Published: November 2010

Background: Neutrophils, in addition to being the primary protective component of the innate immune system, also contribute to periodontal destruction through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause damage to connective tissues and extracellular matrix after neutrophil activation. We have previously shown that hyperactive neutrophils are present in peripheral blood samples of patients diagnosed with refractory periodontitis. To test the hypothesis that oral neutrophil hyperactivity is related to periodontal disease severity, we used a flow cytometric approach to isolate and analyze oral neutrophil ROS (oROS) production in a refractory periodontal disease patient population.

Methods: Oral rinse samples and venous blood were obtained from 13 patients diagnosed with refractory periodontitis. After isolation of neutrophils from both samples, dihydrorhodamine 123 was used as a fluorescent probe for phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate–mediated ROS production as assessed through flow cytometry. For each patient, oROS production levels were expressed as a percentage of their baseline to maximal peripheral blood neutrophil ROS production range.

Results: Two distinct groups of refractory patients were identified based on levels of phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate–stimulated oROS production. The patient group with high oROS production had significantly more clinical attachment loss (AL) compared to the patient group with low oROS production.

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that a group of refractory patients with increased clinical AL present a hyperactive oral neutrophil phenotype characterized by increased potential for ROS production. Identification of this exaggerated oral neutrophil phenotype could allow clinicians to identify which patients are more susceptible to rapid disease progression.
Levels of Pentraxin‐3 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma in Periodontal Health and Disease
Authors: Pradeep A.R. , Kathariya Rahul , Raghavendra N.M. , Sharma Anuj
Published: November 2010

Background: Pentraxins are classic mediators of inflammation and markers of acute‐phase reactions. Pentraxin‐3 (PTX3) is the first‐identified long pentraxin and is believed to be a true independent indicator of disease activity. Although a classic pentraxin, C‐reactive protein, and its association with various systemic diseases is well documented in the periodontal literature, there is no data on PTX3 to our knowledge.

Methods: Forty participants (20 males and 20 females; age range: 23 to 50 years) were involved in the study. Participants were divided into three groups based on gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level: the healthy group (group 1; n = 10), gingivitis group (group 2; n = 15), and periodontitis group (group 3; n = 15). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma samples collected from each subject were quantified for PTX3 levels using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: In tandem with the disease progression from healthy to gingivitis to periodontitis, the mean PTX3 concentrations increased in GCF and plasma. However, GCF values were higher than plasma values. It was found that PTX3 concentration was highest in group 3 and lowest in group 1. PTX3 concentrations also correlated positively with periodontal parameters.

Conclusions: GCF and plasma PTX3 concentrations correlated positively in all groups. However, within the limits of the present study, the differences in plasma PTX3 levels were not found to be statistically significant. Hence, GCF PTX3 values were considered a marker of inflammatory activity in periodontal disease. However, PTX3 deserves further consideration as a therapeutic target. Additional large‐scale studies should be carried out to confirm positive correlations.
Biologic Interaction of Three‐Dimensional Periodontal Fibroblast Spheroids With Collagen‐Based and Synthetic Membranes
Authors: Berahim Zurairah , Moharamzadeh Keyvan , Rawlinson Andrew , Jowett Adrian K.
Published: November 2010

Background: Cell‐based therapy using autologous cells has been suggested as a potential approach for periodontal tissue regeneration. Spheroid systems are a form of three‐dimensional cell culture that promotes cell matrix interaction, which could recapitulate the aspect of cell homeostasis in vivo. The aim of this study is to assess the interaction of periodontal fibroblast spheroids with synthetic and collagen‐based membranes that have been used in guided tissue regeneration.

Methods: Commercially available normal human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were grown in spheroid forms using a liquid overlay technique and then transplanted onto a collagen‐based and a polyglycolic acid–based membrane. The biologic interaction of the spheroids with the membranes was assessed using basic histology, Alamar blue tissue viability assay, scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical analysis.

Results: Periodontal fibroblast spheroids adhered to both membranes, and the cells were able to proliferate and migrate from the spheroids both horizontally and vertically into the membrane scaffolds. Immunohistochemical analysis showed expression of collagen type I, periostin, and Runx2 by the periodontal fibroblasts.

Conclusion: Periodontal fibroblast spheroids were able to grow three‐dimensionally on the biologic membranes and may have the potential to be used together with guided tissue regeneration approaches as an adjunct for periodontal regeneration.
Effect of Accelerated Aging on the Color and Opacity of Resin Cements
Authors: Ghavam M. , Amani-Tehran M. , Saffarpour M.
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance

While the studied cements behaved acceptably according to the color change index (ΔE), they functioned differently in regards to opacity, especially the self-cure ones.
Effect of Oxalate Desensitizer on the Durability of Resin-Bonded Interfaces
Authors: Silva S. M. A. , Malcarne-Zanon J. , Carvalho R. M. , Alves M. C. , De Goes M. F. , Anido-Anido A. , Carrilho M. R.
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance

Despite oxalate desensitizer showing a decrease in the rate of resin-dentin bond degradation over time, it compromised the baseline bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesives to dentin. Further investigation regarding reliability of the combination of oxalate desensitizers and etch-and-rinse adhesives is required prior to implementation of this approach in the clinical routine.
Effect of Chlorhexidine Application Methods on Microtensile Bond Strength to Dentin in Class I Cavities
Authors: Chang Y-E. , Shin D-H.
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance

In order to secure high bond strength in clinical practice, 2% chlorhexidine application after etching with 37% phosphoric acid is the recommended procedure.
Degree of Conversion of Etch-and-Rinse and Self-etch Adhesives Light-cured Using QTH or LED
Authors: Faria-e-Silva A. L. , Lima A. F. , Moraes R. R. , Piva E. , Martins L. R.
Published: November 2010

Clinical Relevance

The effect of QTH and LED curing lights on the degree of conversion of bonding agents is material dependent.
Phylogeny of Sphaerium solidum (Bivalvia) based on karyotype and sequences of 16S and ITS1 rDNA
Authors: Stunžėnas Virmantas , Petkevičiūtė Romualda , Stanevičiūtė Gražina
Published: November 2010

The present work represents the first karyological and molecular characterisation of Sphaerium solidum, a rare European clam. Specimens of S. solidum were collected in Lithuania and Hungary. The modal diploid chromosome number found in both populations was 2n=30. Small, biarmed B chromosomes were found in 42.3% of cells studied in clams from Lithuania and in 11.8% of cells in clams from Hungary. Comparative analysis revealed no significant (P<0.05) interspecific differences in chromosome morphology of S. solidum and that of previously studied S. corneum. DNA sequence analyses of S. solidum showed no interpopulation differences in ITS1; moreover, only one site was different from ITS1 of S. corneum. However, differences in mitochondrial 16S sequence of S. solidum were revealed: two haplotypes in Lithuania and three in Hungary were identified. The genetic characteristics revealed in this study do not support ascription of S. solidum and S. corneum to different subgenus, Cyrenastrum and Sphaerium s. str., respectively. Comparative cytogenetic analysis disclosed that the chromosome morphology could be conserved in some sphaeriid species during speciation despite the fact that most other species in this family undergo radical karyotypic differentiation.
In vitro regeneration performance of Corchorus olitorius
Authors: Hoque M , Nasiruddin KM , Haque GKMN , Biswas GC
Published: November 2010

The experiment was conducted during May to December 2008 in the Biotechnology Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to observe the callus induction, regeneration potentiality and to establish a suitable in vitro plantlet regeneration protocol of Corchorus olitorius. MS medium supplemented with different phytohormone concentrations and combinations were used to observe the callus induction, shoot regeneration and root formation ability of the cotyledon with attached petiole derived explant of three genotypes viz. O-9897, O-72 and OM-1. The highest callus induction (92.85%) was observed in O-9897 followed by O-72 (82.14%) in the MS media supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IAA. Genotype O-9897 in MS media supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IAA produced the highest percentage of shoot regenerants (83.33%) followed by O-72 (75.00%) in the media supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IAA. The root formation from regenerants was the best on halfstrength of MS media supplemented with 0.6 mg/L IBA in genotype O-9897 (45.00%). The in vitro regenerated plantlets from the genotypes O-9897 could be established in the field. Therefore, the genotypes O-9897 of C. olitorius in MS media supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IAA could be used for callus induction and shoot regeneration. Keywords: Regeneration; Phytohormone; Corchorus olitorius DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6390J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 1-6, 2010
The effect of salinity on seed quality of wheat
Authors: Begum F , Ahmed IM , Nessa A , Sultana W
Published: November 2010

Effect of salinity on sprouting water uptake, ion uptake and metabolic efficiency of wheat seeds in the variety kanchan were studied in Jaydebpur. The treatments were 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16dS-m salinity level. The experiment was set in CRD with four replications. There were 50 seeds per petridish. Seeds were moistened with saline solution. Germination was recorded up to 72 hours with an interval of 12 hours. Water absorption rate was recorded up to 42 hours with an interval of 6 hours. Accumulation of Na+ and CI- ions were measured at 36 hours. Germination percentage decreased in high salinity level. Water uptake also decreased with an increase of salinity level but it was not so much drastic upto 8dS-m. Accumulation of Na+ and CI- increased when the seeds were treated with 4dS-m to 16dS-m saline solution. The result indicated that salinity induced delay and decrease in sprouting percentage through lower water uptake and higher accumulation of Na+ and CI- . Keywords: Salinity; Wheat; Water uptake; Seed metabolic efficiency; Ion uptake DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6392J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 19-22, 2010
Flowering pattern, floral abscission and yield attributes in soybean influenced by GABA
Authors: Islam MO , Rahim MA , Prodhan AKMA
Published: November 2010

An experiment was carried out in the field laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, to investigate the flowering pattern, floral and pod abscission under untreated and GABA (mixture of GA3 and Abscissic acid) treated soybean and their trends concern to yield. The variety of soybean PB-1 (Shohag) was used in the investigation. GABA at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1 of water with a control (only water) were used for foliar spray. Flower and pod initiation started from 54 and 60 DAS in all plants irrespective to GABA treatment. Flower production trend showed a deltoid pattern where pod production was gradually increased and slowed down at 74 DAS but not in GABA treated plant. The 4th node produced the highest number of flowers, then decreased and got zigzag pattern in upper nodes. GABA treated plants produced more nodes per plant and followed lower trend in flower and pod abscission indicated the efficacy of higher yield. Keywords: Flowering pattern; Floral abscission; Yield; Soybean; GABA DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6394J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 29-33, 2010
Efficacy of dodder vine extract as seed protectant against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Authors: Rahman MH , Ali MA , Ahmed KS
Published: November 2010

The experiment was conducted to find out the efficacy of dodder vine extract as seed protectant against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis on gram seed in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period of February to May, 2009. The concentrations of dodder vine extract were 5, 2 and 1% respectively. Efficacies of these treatments were evaluated by considering oviposition, adult emergence, intensity of damage and seed weight loss done by pulse beetle. Dodder vine extract was found effective in checking oviposition, adult progeny development and severity of seed damage. Seeds treated with 5% concentration of dodder vine extract were less preferred for oviposition, adult emergence and seed weight loss by C. chinensis and this conc. might be useful in protection of pulse seed. Keywords: Dodder vine extract; Fecundity; Developmental performance; Seed weight loss; C. chinensis. DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6395J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 35-38, 2010
Vitamin C and electrolyte supplementation to support growth and meat yield of broilers in a hot humid environment
Authors: Ali MT , Howlider MAR , Azad AK , Rahman MS
Published: November 2010

The study was aimed at determining the effects of Vitamin C and electrolyte on growth and meat yield of broilers in a hot humid environment. A total of 60 straight run day old Cobb 500 broilers were reared up to 35 days of age and fed ad libitum on a starter diet up to 12 days and thereafter, on a grower diet. The broilers were divided into 4 treatment groups. One group (15 broilers) without Vitamin C and electrolyte supplementation was considered as control. In other three groups were provided 135ppm Vitamin C, 1250ppm electrolyte and 135ppm Vitamin C + 1250ppm electrolyte in drinking water respectively as supplement. Feed intake, body weight, feed conversion and survivability were similar in broilers that received different levels of Vitamin C and electrolyte supplementation in drinking water. Feed cost per broiler and per kg broiler increased due to the addition of Vitamin C and electrolyte. Dressing yield, breast meat, total meat and wing meat were (P<0.05) higher in broilers that received Vitamin C in drinking water than those of control, electrolyte and Vitamin C + electrolyte supplemented groups. No differences (P>0.05) were found in breast: dark meat, thigh meat, drumstick meat and abdominal fat which could be attributed to either Vitamin C or electrolyte supplementation. It implies that deficiency of Vitamin C may be related to reduce meat yield of broilers in a hot humid environment. However, further experiment using several doses of Vitamin C with large number of broilers may be conducted to confirm the appropriate doses of supplementation. Keywords: Vitamin C; Electrolyte; Broiler growth; Meat yield DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6399J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 57-60, 2010
Performance and genetic parameters of economically important traits of Black Bengal goat
Authors: Faruque S , Chowdhury SA , Siddiquee NU , Afroz MA
Published: November 2010

A nucleus-breeding flock of selected Black Bengal goat was established in the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) with the objective of conservation and improvement of the breed. A total of 120 does of different generations (70=foundation stock, 45=First generation and 5=Second generation) and 20 bucks (15=Foundation stock and 5=First generation) were used to study the genetic parameters of Black Bengal goat on productive and reproductive traits. Animals were bred naturally. Goats were reared under intensive and semi-intensive management to compare performance. Birth weights of kids were 1.49±0.13 and 1.28±0.11 kg, respectively for intensive and semiintensive rearing system. Number of services required for each successful conception was 1.16±0.019 with an average gestation length of 143.33±0.68 days. Litter size increased (P<0.001) linearly with parity. Average litter size of Black Bengal goat was 1.94±0.06. Rearing system, season, parity, generation and generation × parity interaction did not affect (P>0.05) the post partum estrous interval. Young females attained puberty at an age and weight of 186.02±10.52 days and 9.4±0.52 kg, respectively. In case of intensive rearing system it took 139 days to show 1st heat compared to 198 days in semi-intensive rearing system. Intensive system reduced the age at 1st kidding to 284±31.2 days from 370±25.5 days in semi-intensive system. The effects of parity, generation, and generation × parity interaction on kidding interval were not significant (P>0.05). The average daily milk yield and lactation length was 1.088 kg (750g suckled milk + 338g from hand milking) and 68.07±2.83 days respectively. The effect of parity and generation on doe weight after kidding was significant (P<0.01) but the effect of generation × parity interaction was not significant (P>0.05). Heritability estimates from sire and dam component for birth weight, weight at 3, 6, 9, 12 months of age and litter size were 0.92, 0.48, 0.34, 0.45, 0.88 and 0.17, respectively. Heritability estimates only from sire component for birth weight, weight at 3, 6, 9, 12 months of age and litter size were 0.05, 0.28, 0.77, 0.29, 0.18 and 0.15, respectively. Repeatability estimates for birth weight, litter size, kidding interval and daily milk yield were 0.47, 0.15, 0.02 and 0.49, respectively. Keywords: Black Bengal goat; Performance traits; Heritability; Repeatability DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6401J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 67-78, 2010
Phenotypic characterization of Native Chicken reared under intensive management system
Authors: Faruque S , Siddiquee NU , Afroz MA , Islam MS
Published: November 2010

The Phenotypic characteristics of three genotypes of native chicken comprising of Non-descript Desi (ND), Hilly (H) and Naked Neck (NN) were studied. A total of 180 individual chickens (Male: ND= 20; H= 20 and NN=20; Female: ND= 40, H=40 and NN = 40) were characterized under intensive management system for qualitative and quantitative traits. The results indicated that the predominant plumage color of three types of native chickens was black brownish (33.33%) followed by white with black tips (28.33 %) and red brownish (18.33%). Values indicate that 35% of native chickens had whitish shank color followed by yellowish 31.68%; black 11.66 % and others 21.67 %. All hens of ND, H and NN laid light brown (62.42%) to cream or off white (30.28%) colored eggs. Variations were also found on quantitative traits such as shank length, body weight and reproductive traits on intensive management system. number of eggs/ hen from starting to ten months of laying were 108, 104 and 112, respectively in ND, H and NN genotypes. Three native chicken genotypes showed distinct physical variations for both qualitative and quantitative traits under intensive management system. Keywords: Native chicken; Quantitative traits; Qualitative traitsDOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6402J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 79-82, 2010
Household demand for dairy products in Bangladesh: An Application of AIDS Model
Authors: Hannan MM , Dutta A , Kabir H , Hannan MM
Published: November 2010

A variation of the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model of Deaton and Muellbauer (1980) has been employed to determine the impacts of per capita total expenditure, food prices and demographic variables on household demand for dairy products in Bangladesh. The budget shares are generally more responsive to per capita total expenditure than to prices. With respect to demographic effects, it is found that family size and occupation of the household head have a statistically significant impact on household demand behavior. Key words: Household, Demand; Dairy Products; AIDS; ElasticityDOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6408J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 121-126, 2010
Changing marriage system of Adivasi Garo Community and its impact on their socioeconomic development
Authors: Ahmed K , Ali RN , Begum F
Published: November 2010

The purpose of the study was to analyze the changing pattern of marriage system of Adivasi Garo community. For the study, Modhupur upazila of Tangail district for Plain Garos and Haluaghat upazila of Mymensingh district for Hill Garos were chosen as the research areas. From these two upazila, six villages were selected randomly for collecting sample population. The sample consisted of 100, taking 50 Hilly Garo respondents from three villages of Haluaghat upazila and 50 Plain Garo respondents from three villages of Modhupur upazila. Primary data were collected from the respondents through a sample survey with the help of a interview schedule. It was found that in both upazila, the essential rules for their marriage were maintained but due to conversion of Christianity, these rules are changing. A rule followed by the respondents is highest in case of a Garo should always marry a Garo (95%). Christian marriage rituals are now increasing in both upazila. Very few traditional rituals were followed by Garos for establishing their marriage. Before conversion to Christian, Garos were used to the traditional forms of marriage such as ‘Marriage by Capture’ and Thunapp’ a marriage (marriage through food offering) which has stopped now but still today it has some influences upon their marriage system. The study also revealed that most of the Garos are interested in love marriage and arranged marriage. In love marriage, Garos select their life partners themselves. After marriage, today the male Garos are not interested in moving to his wife’s parents house; rather they are living in a independent house. Moreover, while the Garo society is changing from a matrilineal to patriarchal one, this change invites many changes in their social and cultural life, such as inheritance, gender roles, post marital residence etc. The finding also showed that despite many similarities, there are very few customs and ritualistic differences between two upazilas, but comparatively Hilly Garo villages culture and tradition were changing less than the plain Garo villages. Keywords: Garo community; Hilly Garo; Plain Garo; Marriage system; Changing rules DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6410J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 133-139, 2010
Development of portable traditional triple mouth chula
Authors: Hoque MN , Rahman MS , Nahar N
Published: November 2010

In rural areas of Bangladesh almost in every house earthen Chula is used for cooking purpose. Mostly single mouth Chula is used in this purpose. The Heat Use Efficiency (HUE) of this Chula is needed to be increased by proper design for better utilization of fire wood to reduce the cost of cooking especially in the rural areas of Bangladesh. In this regard the effect of dimensions such as hearth height and diameter of the traditional single-mouth Chula on HUE were tested. The effects of dimensions of triple mouth Chula on HUE were also tested. Thus varieties of single mouth and triple mouth Chula both series and triangular were constructed. The variations of triple mouth Chula were made on size and shape, fuel inlet and exit, providing stone and without stone, providing lid and without lid etc. The HUE of single mouth Chula was found varied from 17.02% to 22.3%.The maximum HUE of triple mouth Chula was found varied from 31.52% to 39.74%. The highest HUE of this Chula was found to be 39.74% in earthen Chula encased with iron drum. This most efficient Chula has identity of separate air entry with stone, fuel inlet and smoke and ash exit at bottom. It is portable and its cost is with in the afford of rural people. It can be made even cheaper by making with only soil. Thus it can be produced commercially which can save fire wood, money as well as time of the user. Keywords: Heat use efficiency; Portable; Triple mouth Chula DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6411J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 141-145, 2010
Reproductive characteristics of Liza parsia (Ham.) inhabiting southwest coast of Bangladesh
Authors: Begum M , Islam MA , Pal HK , Alam MJ
Published: November 2010

In order to determine the reproductive characteristics of Liza parsia, a fish of commercial importance, the GSI, egg diameter, sex ratio and fecundity were examined in 331 specimens caught monthly for a period of ten months from September 2006 to June 2007. According to the GSI and egg diameter, the reproduction period of Liza parsia was determined to be in November to March with two peaks in the months of December and February. The maximum GSI values obtained for male and female were 1.49 and 14.71 respectively in the month of February. In December, the gonadosomatic index decreased in female (13.5) and in male (1.4). The average egg diameter of Liza parsia ranged from 0.35 to 0.50 mm. The sex ratio (Male:Female) of the investigated fish was1:1.21. Fecundity of the fish ranged from 18,950 to 1,71,210 during the period of study. Linear relationships between fecundity and total-length, bodyweight, gonad-length and gonad-weight were found and fecundity was more related to the ovary length (r=0.8172) and ovary weight (r=0.8552) than the fish length (r=0.7538) and fish weight (r=0.7592). Keywords: Reproductive characteristics; Liza parsia; GSI; Fecundity DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i1.6415J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(1): 173-178, 2010
Neuroprotective Properties of Picroside II in a Rat Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Li Qin , Li Zhen , Xu Xin-ying , Guo Yun-liang , Du Fang
Published: November 2010

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of picroside II on neuronal apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) following middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion in male Wistar rats. Picroside II (10 mg/kg) was administered intravenously into the tail vein of the animals. The neurological function deficits were evaluated with the Bederson’s test and the cerebral infarction volume was visualized with tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The apoptotic cells were counted by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The immunohistochemistry stain and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the expressions of caspase-3 and PARP in brain tissue. The results indicated that rats in the control group showed neurological function deficit and cerebral infarction in ischemic hemisphere after two hours ischemia followed by 22 hours reperfusion. Caspase-3 and PARP expressions were also profound in the cortex, the striatum and the hippocampus, along with increased apoptotic cells in this group. Bederson's score, infarction volume, and expressions of caspase-3 and PARP, as well as apoptosis in the treatment group were, however, significantly decreased compared to those in the control group indicating that intravenous treatment with picroside II might be beneficial to inhibit neuronal apoptosis and, thus, to improve the neurological function of rats upon cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.
Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition by C-Glycosidic Flavones Isolated from Eremochloa ophiuroides
Authors: Lee Eun Mi , Lee Seung Sik , Chung Byung Yeoup , Cho Jae-Young , Lee In Chul , Ahn So Ra , Jang Soo Jeung , Kim Tae Hoon
Published: November 2010

Activity-guided fractionation of a methanolic extract of the leaves of Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipede grass) using a pancreatic lipase inhibitory assay led to the isolation and identification of a new C-glycosidic flavone, luteolin 6-C-b-D-boivinopyranoside (1), as well as eight known compounds. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of interpretation of their spectroscopic data. Among these isolates, the C-glycosidic flavones 1–5 showed potent inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase, with IC50 values ranging from 18.5 ± 2.6 to 50.5 ± 3.9 mM.
Anti-Neoplastic Effects of Gallic Acid, a Major Component of Toona sinensis Leaf Extract, on Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Chia Yi-Chen , Rajbanshi Ranjan , Calhoun Colonya , Chiu Robert H.
Published: November 2010

Extract of Toona sinensis (TS) has been reported to have various effects on cultured cell lines, including anti-proliferative activity in cancer cells. We have studied the effects of TS on various human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines (HOSCC), including UM1, UM2, SCC-4, and SCC-9. These cell lines were treated with TS leaf extract and screened for viability, apoptosis, necrosis, and apoptotic gene expression. Normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK) served as a control for cytotoxic assays. Viability of TS-treated HOSCC was reduced, whereas that of NHOK was not affected. FACScan analysis revealed that the leaf extract induced apoptosis or a combination of apoptosis and necrosis, depending on cell type. Microarray and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis for apoptotic-related gene expression revealed that 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid, one of the major bioactive compounds purified from TS extract) up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes such TNF-α, TP53BP2, and GADD45A, and down-regulated the anti-apoptotic genes Survivin and cIAP1, resulting in cell death. This study suggests that gallic acid, the major bioactive compound present, is responsible for the anti-neoplastic effect of Toona sinensis leaf extract.
Comparative Analysis of Headspace Volatiles of Chinese Rosa rugosa
Authors: Feng Li-Guo , Chen Chen , Sheng Li-Xia , Liu Ping , Tao Jun , Su Jia-Le , Zhao Lan-Yong
Published: November 2010

The floral headspace compounds of Chinese Rosa rugosa germplasms that were isolated by an automated headspace sampler with built-in trap, and followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for identification and quantification. Up to 33 volatile compounds were identified from the 23 rose germplasms, including nine alcohols, five esters, three alkanes, 10 terpenes, three aldehydes, two ketones, and one ether. The main floral components identified were 2-phenylethanol, β-citronellol, ethanol, and n-hexane. ‘xizi’, ‘miaofengshan’, ‘xiangciguo’, and ‘tangbai’ contained the highest amounts of 2-phenylethanol at 84.66 μg·g-1, β-citronellol at 70.98 μg·g-1, ethanol at 83.87 μg·g-1, and n-hexane at 18.23 μg·g-1, respectively. ‘Rongchengyesheng’, ‘tanghong’, ‘xizi’, ‘miaofengshan’, and ‘baizizhi’ could be considered good materials for extracting rose oil and breeding new cultivars.
Combining the Benefits of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis with Tunable Solvents and Nearcritical Water
Authors: Fadhel Ali Z. , Pollet Pamela , Liotta Charles L. , Eckert Charles A.
Published: November 2010

The greatest advantage of heterogeneous catalysis is the ease of separation, while the disadvantages are often limited activity and selectivity. We report solvents that use tunable phase behavior to achieve homogeneous catalysis with ease of separation. Tunable solvents are homogeneous mixtures of water or polyethylene glycol with organics such as acetonitrile, dioxane, and THF that can be used for homogeneously catalyzed reactions. Modest pressures of a soluble gas, generally CO2, achieve facile post-reaction heterogeneous separation of products from the catalyst. Examples shown here are rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-octene and p-methylstyrene and palladium catalyzed C-O coupling to produce o-tolyl-3,5-xylyl ether and 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol. Both were successfully carried out in homogeneous tunable solvents followed by separation efficiencies of up to 99% with CO2 pressures of 3 MPa. Further examples in tunable solvents are enzyme catalyzed reactions such as kinetic resolution of rac-1-phenylethyl acetate and hydrolysis of 2-phenylethyl acetate (2PEA) to 2-phenylethanol (2PE). Another tunable solvent is nearcritical water (NCW), whose unique properties offer advantages for developing sustainable alternatives to traditional processes. Some examples discussed are Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, hydrolysis of benzoate esters, and water-catalyzed deprotection of N-Boc-protected amine compounds.
Satellite Global and Hemispheric Lower Tropospheric Temperature Annual Temperature Cycle
Authors: Herman Benjamin M. , Brunke Michael A. , Pielke Roger A. , Christy John R. , McNider Richard T.
Published: November 2010

Previous analyses of the Earth’s annual cycle and its trends have utilized surface temperature data sets. Here we introduce a new analysis of the global and hemispheric annual cycle using a satellite remote sensing derived data set during the period 1979–2009, as determined from the lower tropospheric (LT) channel of the MSU satellite. While the surface annual cycle is tied directly to the heating and cooling of the land areas, the tropospheric annual cycle involves additionally the gain or loss of heat between the surface and atmosphere. The peak in the global tropospheric temperature in the 30 year period occurs on 10 July and the minimum on 9 February in response to the larger land mass in the Northern Hemisphere. The actual dates of the hemispheric maxima and minima are a complex function of many variables which can change from year to year thereby altering these dates.Here we examine the time of occurrence of the global and hemispheric maxima and minima lower tropospheric temperatures, the values of the annual maxima and minima, and the slopes and significance of the changes in these metrics. The statistically significant trends are all relatively small. The values of the global annual maximum and minimum showed a small, but significant trend. Northern and Southern Hemisphere maxima and minima show a slight trend toward occurring later in the year. Most recent analyses of trends in the global annual cycle using observed surface data have indicated a trend toward earlier maxima and minima.
Fabrication and Performance of All-Solid-State Chloride Sensors in Synthetic Concrete Pore Solutions
Authors: Gao Xiaojian , Zhang Jian , Yang Yingzi , Deng Hongwei
Published: November 2010

One type of all-solid-state chloride sensor was fabricated using a MnO2 electrode and a Ag/AgCl electrode. The potentiometric response of the sensor to chloride in synthetic concrete pore solutions was systematically studied, and the polarization performance was also evaluated. The results show a good linear relationship between the potential reading of the sensor and the logarithm of chloride activity (concentration ranges from 0.05 to 5.0 M), and the potential value remains stable with increasing immersion time. The existence of K+, Ca2+, Na+ and SO42− ions have little influence on the potentiometric response of the sensor to chloride, but the pH has a significant influence on the potential value of the sensor at low chloride concentration. The potential reading of the sensor increases linearly with the solution temperature over the range from 5 to 45 °C. Meanwhile, an excellent polarization behavior is proven by galvanostatic and potentiodynamic tests. All of the results reveal that the developed sensor has a great potential for monitoring chloride ions in concrete environments.
A Wearable Ground Reaction Force Sensor System and Its Application to the Measurement of Extrinsic Gait Variability
Authors: Liu Tao , Inoue Yoshio , Shibata Kyoko
Published: November 2010

Wearable sensors for gait analysis are attracting wide interest. In this paper, a wearable ground reaction force (GRF) sensor system and its application to measure extrinsic gait variability are presented. To validate the GRF and centre of pressure (CoP) measurements of the sensor system and examine the effectiveness of the proposed method for gait analysis, we conducted an experimental study on seven volunteer subjects. Based on the assessment of the influence of the sensor system on natural gait, we found that no significant differences were found for almost all measured gait parameters (p-values < 0.05). As for measurement accuracy, the root mean square (RMS) differences for the two transverse components and the vertical component of the GRF were 7.2% ± 0.8% and 9.0% ± 1% of the maximum of each transverse component and 1.5% ± 0.9% of the maximum vertical component of GRF, respectively. The RMS distance between both CoP measurements was 1.4% ± 0.2% of the length of the shoe. The area of CoP distribution on the foot-plate and the average coefficient of variation of the triaxial GRF, are the introduced parameters for analysing extrinsic gait variability. Based on a statistical analysis of the results of the tests with subjects wearing the sensor system, we found that the proposed parameters changed according to walking speed and turning (p-values < 0.05).
An Overview of Kinematic and Calibration Models Using Internal/External Sensors or Constraints to Improve the Behavior of Spatial Parallel Mechanisms
Authors: Majarena Ana C. , Santolaria Jorge , Samper David , Aguilar Juan J.
Published: November 2010

This paper presents an overview of the literature on kinematic and calibration models of parallel mechanisms, the influence of sensors in the mechanism accuracy and parallel mechanisms used as sensors. The most relevant classifications to obtain and solve kinematic models and to identify geometric and non-geometric parameters in the calibration of parallel robots are discussed, examining the advantages and disadvantages of each method, presenting new trends and identifying unsolved problems. This overview tries to answer and show the solutions developed by the most up-to-date research to some of the most frequent questions that appear in the modelling of a parallel mechanism, such as how to measure, the number of sensors and necessary configurations, the type and influence of errors or the number of necessary parameters.
Species‐specific SSR alleles for studies of hybrid cattails (Typha latifolia×T. angustifolia; Typhaceae) in North America
Authors: Snow Allison A. , Travis Steven E. , Wildová Radka , Fér Tomáš , Sweeney Patricia M. , Marburger Joy E. , Windels Steven , Kubátová Barbora , Goldberg Deborah E. , Mutegi Evans
Published: November 2010

•Premise: Studies of hybridizing species are facilitated by the availability of species‐specific molecular markers for identifying early‐ and later‐generation hybrids. Cattails are a dominant feature of wetland communities, and a better understanding of the prevalence of hybrids is needed to assess the ecological and evolutionary effects of hybridization. Hybridization betweenTypha angustifoliaandT. latifoliaproduce long‐lived clones, known asTypha×glauca, which are considered to be invasive. Although morphological variation in cattails makes it difficult to recognize early‐ and later‐generation hybrids, several dominant, species‐specific RAPD markers are available. Our goal was to find codominant, species‐specific markers with greater polymorphism than RAPDs, to identify later‐generation hybrids more efficiently.

•Methods: We screened nine SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci that were described from populations in Ukraine, and we surveyed 31 cattail populations from the upper Midwest and eastern USA.

•Key results: Seven SSR loci distinguished the parent taxa and were consistent with known species‐specific RAPD markers, allowing easier detection of backcrossing. We used linear discriminant analysis to show that F1hybrid phenotypes were intermediate between the parent taxa, while those of backcrossed plants overlapped with the hybrids and their parents. Log(leaf length/leaf width), spike gap length, spike length, and stem diameter explained much of the variation among groups.

•Conclusions: We provide the first documentation of backcrossed plants in hybridizing cattail populations in Michigan. The diagnostic SSR loci we identified should be extremely useful for examining the evolutionary and ecology interactions of hybridizing cattails in North America.
Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers in Michelia maudiae (Magnoliaceae)
Authors: Sun Ye , Liu Yi‐Fei , Wang Jing , Guo Yong , Huang Hong‐Wen
Published: November 2010

• Premise of the study: Michelia maudiae is a threatened species in the Magnoliaceae. Microsatellite markers were developed and characterized in M. maudiae for further investigation of its conservation genetics.

• Methods and Results: Microsatellite markers were developed in M. maudiae using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing Repeats protocol. Ten polymorphic microsatellites were assessed in two populations of M. maudiae. The number of alleles detected per locus varied from 1 to 8. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.792 and from 0.000 to 0.826, respectively. Six primer pairs showed transferability in the two related species Michelia foveolata and Michelia chapensis.

• Conclusions: This set of microsatellite markers provides a useful tool for future studies of the conservation genetics of M. maudiae and other congeneric species.
NEW CRITERIA FOR SELF‐IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Konickis Andrius
Published: November 2010

At a very close examination, traditional self‐identification by the nationality or the religious confession appears deprived from the common sense and even seems to be a kind of mauvais ton. Here a question arises: are the nationality and the religion the essential properties of a man or a woman? The most serious charges are following: national and religious conflicts are the reason of the greatest sufferings of mankind. If it is really necessary to rank a person with any class or category (but only if it is), historical memory can prompt more essential criteria.

Nauji savęs identifikavimo kriterijai

Santrauka

Glaustame tyrime tradicinis savęs identifikavimas pagal tautybę ar konfesiją traktuojamas kaip nepriklausantis nuo sveiko proto ir net atrodo esąs kaip mauvais ton (blogas tonas). Kyla klausimas – ar tautybė ir religija yra esminės vyro ar moters savybės? Svarbiausia problema – nacionaliniai ir religiniai konfliktai yra didžiausių žmonijos kančių priežastis. Jei tikrai būtina paskirti tam tikros klasės ar kategorijos asmenį (bet tik to reikia), tai istorinė atmintis gali iškelti kur kas svarbesnius kriterijus.
THE FEATURES OF THE RESUMPTION AND SET OF LITHUANIAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE FIRST DECADE OF THE RE‐ESTABLISHMENT OF INDEPENDENCE
Authors: Pruskus Valdas
Published: November 2010

In the article the singularity chances of Catholic Church as the institute after the re‐establishment of Independence are analyzed. Two influences of the Church, inside and outside growing, conditioned by the present economic, social and cultural transformations are researched. The topics of public globalization processes, born out of religious pluralism, to which we have to react, considering having concrete Churchy heritage of acting that was formed by historical experience and concrete circumstances are also analyzed. It is also spoken about the Catholic Church in terms of government and political life.

Katalikų bažnyčios atnaujinimo ypatumai ir būklė pirmuoju nepriklausomybės dešimtmečiu Lietuvoje (atkūrus Lietuvos nepriklausomybę)

Santrauka

Straipsnyje analizuojami Kataliku Bažnyčios atnaujinimo ypatumai ir augimo itampos šaltiniai (atkūrus Lietuvos nepriklausomybe) pirmuoju nepriklausomybes dešimtmečiu Lietuvoje (1990–2001). Nagrinejamos Bažnyčios vidaus ir išores permainos, nulemtos visuomenes ekonominiu, socialiniu ir kultūriniu pokyčiu, visuotines globalizacijos procesu pagimdyto religinio pliuralizmo, i kuri tenka reaguoti atsižvelgiant i turima bažnytines veiklos pavelda, suformuota istorines patirties ir konkrečiu aplinkybiu. Aptariama Kataliku Bažnyčios būkle valstybes ir politinio gyvenimo atžvilgiu. Parodoma, kad šia padeti ženklino trys esmines nuostatos. Pirma, Kataliku Bažnyčia išreiške principine pozicija už demokratine politine tvarka, nors tai toli gražu neturi reikšti, kad šis kone deklaratyvus demokratijos priemimas nusako tikinčiuju suvokiamus demokratijos principus, ypač laisves ir tolerancijos. Antra, Bažnyčia ieškojo būdu ir priemoniu atskleisti savo santykius su politinemis partijomis, pirmiausia LKDP, turinčia šimtamete tradicija (ikurta 1904 m.). Tačiau nesutarimai tarp ivairiu interesu grupiu partijos viduje ir galiausiai skaidymasis ‐ “moderniuju krikdemu” (gerokai nutolusiu nuo Bažnyčios) sparno atsiskyrimas nuo LKDP ‐priverte Bažnyčia užimti nuosaikesne pozicija ir atsargiau vertinti krikščioniška demokratine orientacija deklaruojančias partijas, tuo labiau išskirti vienintele, prioritetine. Trečia, Bažnyčia Lietuvoje nebuvo linkusi sieti saves su nacionaline ideja ir nacionalizmu. Tokia pozicija prisidejo mažinant itampa tarp lietuviu ir šalyje gyvenančiu tautiniu mažumu, stiprinant ryšius su protestantu, ortodoksu ir sentikiu bendruomenemis. Nors, atrodo, Kataliku Bažnyčios santykiai su valstybe gereja, tačiau tebelieka ir sprestinu dalyku.