bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilingual Experience in the Hungarian and German Immigrant Communities of the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Tóth Gergely
Published: January 2015

Studies on the interaction of languages are gaining importance in today’s world, characterized by accelerated migration and increasing cultural exchange. Unlike most research in this field, which concentrate on one embedded language against a matrix language, this fieldwork-based study examines the linguistic life in two immigrant populations, Hungarian and German, against the background of English. The primary focus of this article is the description of the bilingual and bicultural experience of the two groups. The discussion of language and identity will take a central place in the paper, and diglossia, bilingualism, loyalty, and language as social behavior will also be touched upon (section 4). This is complemented by a socio-historical portrayal of these speech communities of San Francisco, set forth in the preceding section 3. Section 5 provides an outline of the informant sets, spanning three generations in each linguistic cohort, and illustrates the subjects’ attitude towards maintenance. The final, sixth section offers qualitative and quantitative comparative statements about the results of linguistic interference and the ongoing attrition process, thus contributing to our understanding of contact linguistic mechanisms, and shedding light on specific grammatical and lexical features that are most prone to attritional forces.
Review Article: Souls, Hearts and Heritage: Passing from the Danube to the Hudson. Szegedy-Maszák, Marianne. 2013. I Kiss Your Hands Many Times – Hearts, Souls and Wars in Hungary. New York: Spiegel & Grau, Random House. 345 pp; and Griesz, Katherine. 2012. From the Danube to the Hudson. Seattle, WA: CreateSpace Independent Publishing. 482 pp.
Authors: Blaikie Evi
Published: January 2015

How did the rich and the super-rich Hungarian Jews in Budapest fare during the 1930s, World War II and the Holocaust, and beyond? Two new books deal with their stories: Marianne Szegedy-Maszák's "I Kiss Your Hands Many Times" and Katherine Griesz's "From the Danube to the Hudson". Szegedy-Maszák was able to use her journalist's profession and skills to explore and vividly present her family's story in a work that can likewise satisfy the historians, the romantics and all those who like a “good read.” Griesz’s epic family memoir encompasses the same time period and topic as Szegedy-Maszák's book in its portrayal of a multi-generational Hungarian Jewish family's fate in the crisis -full mid-twentieth century, as seen and interpreted by its female descendant decades later.
Kirkham, Pat, ed. 2013. Eva Zeisel: Life, Design, and Beauty. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. 255 pp. Illus.
Authors: Szapor Judith
Published: January 2015

Kirkham, Pat, ed. 2013. Eva Zeisel: Life, Design, and Beauty. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. 255 pp. Illus.Reviewed by Judith Szapor, McGill University
Fischer, Wladimir, Waltraud Heindl, Alexandra Millner, Wolfgang Müller-Funk, eds. 2010. Grenzen und Räume in Österreich-Ungarn 1867–1918. (Borders and Spaces in Austria-Hungary 1867-1918)
Authors: Fenyves Katalin
Published: January 2015

Fischer, Wladimir, Waltraud Heindl, Alexandra Millner & Wolfgang Müller-Funk, eds. 2010. Grenzen und Räume in Österreich-Ungarn 1867–1918. Kulturwissenschaftliche Annäherungen (Borders and Spaces in Austria-Hungary 1867-1918: Cultural Investigations and Evaluations). Tübingen: Francke Verlag. 409 pp.Reviewed by Katalin Fenyves, Budapest College of Communication and Business
Glant, Tibor. 2013. "Amerika, a csodák és csalódások földje." (America, the Land of Wonders and Disappointments.)
Authors: Glanz Susan
Published: January 2015

Glant, Tibor. 2013. Amerika, a csodák és csalódások földje. Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok képe a hosszú XIX. század magyar utazási irodalmában (America, the Land of Wonders and Disappointments - the Picture of the United States of America in the Hungarian Travel Literature of the Long Nineteenth Century). Debrecen: University of Debrecen Press. 259 pp. Reviewed by Susan Glanz, St. John's University
Molecular annotation of type specimens of Russula species described by W.A. Murrill from the southeast United States
Authors: Looney Brian P.
Published: January 2015

Twenty-five historical type collections of North American Russula species described by W.A. Murrill were sequenced and analyzed for placement in a phylogenetic and taxonomic framework. Molecular data was successfully obtained from sixteen type specimens (66%), of which eight
species have never before been placed in an infrageneric classification system. Classifications and synonymization of taxa proposed by Rolf Singer and others are evaluated. Russula albimarginata and R. emeticiformis are suggested as synonyms of R. vinacea, a widespread
and common species in the eastern United States. Four taxa of unknown classification (R. albimarginata, R. pinophila, R. subcremeiceps, R. subrubescens) have been classified to subsection level, and an alternative classification is proposed for R. westii. A morphological comparison
of a collection from British Columbia (Canada) with 99% sequence similarity to R. levyana in the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) region indicates that this region alone may be inadequate for species barcoding in Russula.
Entoloma species from New South Wales and northeastern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Largent David L. , Bergemann Sarah E. , Abell-Davis Sandra E.
Published: January 2015

Seven new species in the Prunuloides clade of the Entolomataceae are described here: Entoloma hymenidermum is diagnosed by blackish blue basidiomata, isodiametric basidiospores and moderately broad pileocystidia; E. violaceotinctum has a violet-tinged pileus, violaceous-tinged
stipe, and broad inflated pileocystidia; E. discoloratum possesses a subviscid yellow-tinged white pileus; E. kewarra is distinguished by its yellow pileus and stipe, both with a white and then eventually greenish yellow context; E. pamelae has a smooth, bright yellow,
dry pileus; E. rugosiviscosum has a yellow-brown, rugose viscid pileus; and E. guttulatum is distinguished by lamellae with droplets that become reddish brown on drying.
A new species of Podosphaera sect. Sphaerotheca from China
Authors: Bai Lu-Chao , Cao Zhi-Min
Published: January 2015

Podosphaera girardiniae (Erysiphaceae, Podosphaera sect. Sphaerotheca), identified in China on Girardinia suborbiculata, is described, illustrated, and compared with allied species. The phylogeny of this new species has been inferred from internal
transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rDNA sequence analyses.
First report of the pantropical species Diploschistes rampoddensis from Europe
Authors: Fernández-Brime Samantha , Llimona Xavier , Hladun Néstor , Gaya Ester
Published: January 2015

The lichen species Diploschistes rampoddensis, previously known only from a few localities in tropical and subtropical Asia and Oceania, is reported here for the first time in Europe. A detailed description, including macro- and microscopic characters, and comparisons with closely
related taxa are also provided. Molecular analyses based on the nrITS were used to confirm this new record for the European lichen biota.
Dictydiaethalium dictyosporangium sp. nov. from China
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Yu
Published: January 2015

Dictydiaethalium dictyosporangium, described as new, is characterized by a branched pseudocapillitium and spores, which are 10–12 μm in diam. and ornamented with long ridges that sometimes form an incomplete banded reticulum. The new species, which was collected on the
bark of a dead log in Henan Province, is described and illustrated by light and scanning electron micrographs. A key to three known Dictydiaethalium species is also provided. The holotype is deposited in the Herbarium of Mycological Institute of Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU)
in Changchun, China.
Lactarius vesterholtii, a new species from India
Authors: Das Kanad , Chakraborty Dyutiparna
Published: January 2015

Lactarius vesterholtii is proposed as new to science. It is characterized by a greyish brown dry subvelutinous pileus, very crowded light yellow lamellae turning orange when bruised, white copious latex becoming reddish orange in contact with the lamellae, a light yellow spore
print, amyloid basidiospores ornamented with high ridges that forms an incomplete reticulum, the absence of pleuro- and cheilomacrocystidia, a trichopalisade to lamprotrichopalisade-type pileipellis, and a palisade to lampropalisade-type stipitipellis. The new species is compared with allied
Asian and extralimital taxa. A key to the Indian taxa of L. subg. Plinthogali is also provided.
Gene Expression Patterns in Functionally Different Cochlear Compartments of the Newborn Rat
Authors: Gross Johann , Olze Heidi , Mazurek Birgit
Published: January 2015

In an experimental model of organotypic cultures of the stria vascularis (SV), the organ of Corti (OC) and the modiolus (MOD), we compared the expression levels and injury/hypoxia induced response of 36 genes associated with the cells´ energy-producing and energy-consuming processes, using the microarray technique. A decrease of expression was observed for most of the voltage-dependent K+- and Ca++- channels as an effective mechanism to lower energetic demands. We identified two gene networks of transcripts that are differentially expressed across the three regions. One cluster is associated with the transcription factor hypoxia-inducing factor (Hif-1a) and the second one with the caspase and calpain cell death genes Casp3, Capn1, Capn2 and Capns1. The Hif-1a gene subset consists of genes belonging to the glucose metabolism (glucose transporter Slc2a1, glycolytic enzymes Gapdh, Hk1 and Eno2), the Na+/K+ homeostasis (ATPase Atp1a1) and the glutamate pathway (NMDA receptor associated protein 1 Grina, glutamate transporter Slc1a1, Slc1a3). The Slc2a1, Gapdh, Hk1, Slc1a3, Grina and Atp1a1 transcripts are also members of the cell death subset indicating a role they have to play in the differential regional cell death rates. The newly identified genes Grina and calnexin (Canx) may play specific and yet unknown roles in regulating cell death induced by injury and hypoxia in the inner ear. We assume that the differential regional response occurs on the basis of endogenous gene regulatory mechanisms and may be important to maintaining the cochlea’s function following damage from trauma and hypoxia.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i geoambiental per la comarca de l’Anoia: des de Sant Genís a Igualada, Clariana, Argençola, Carbassí i a la Panadella
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: January 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 12 de gener de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, es realitzarà un recorregut geològic a través de diferents indrets de la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre; i més concretament pels sectors corresponents a la seva Depressió Central. Així, tot el recorregut transitarà entre afloraments dels materials terciaris (de l´Eocè i de l´Oligocè) i quaternaris que reblen aquesta depressió.Per altra banda, la totalitat del recorregut transitarà per la comarca de l’Anoia, integrant de la Catalunya Central, de principi a fi, des de Sant Genís (del terme de Jorba) fins arribar a la Panadella (que forma part del municipi de Montmaneu).
Concise Review: Tailoring Bioengineered Scaffolds for Stem Cell Applications in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Cosson Steffen , Otte Ellen A. , Hezaveh Hadi , Cooper-White Justin J.
Published: January 2015

The potential for the clinical application of stem cells in tissue regeneration is clearly significant. However, this potential has remained largely unrealized owing to the persistent challenges in reproducibly, with tight quality criteria, and expanding and controlling the fate of stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Tissue engineering approaches that rely on reformatting traditional Food and Drug Administration-approved biomedical polymers from fixation devices to porous scaffolds have been shown to lack the complexity required for in vitro stem cell culture models or translation to in vivo applications with high efficacy. This realization has spurred the development of advanced mimetic biomaterials and scaffolds to increasingly enhance our ability to control the cellular microenvironment and, consequently, stem cell fate. New insights into the biology of stem cells are expected to eventuate from these advances in material science, in particular, from synthetic hydrogels that display physicochemical properties reminiscent of the natural cell microenvironment and that can be engineered to display or encode essential biological cues. Merging these advanced biomaterials with high-throughput methods to systematically, and in an unbiased manner, probe the role of scaffold biophysical and biochemical elements on stem cell fate will permit the identification of novel key stem cell behavioral effectors, allow improved in vitro replication of requisite in vivo niche functions, and, ultimately, have a profound impact on our understanding of stem cell biology and unlock their clinical potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Manufacturing Road Map for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Technologies
Authors: Hunsberger Joshua , Harrysson Ola , Shirwaiker Rohan , Starly Binil , Wysk Richard , Cohen Paul , Allickson Julie , Yoo James , Atala Anthony
Published: January 2015

The Regenerative Medicine Foundation Annual Conference held on May 6 and 7, 2014, had a vision of assisting with translating tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM)-based technologies closer to the clinic. This vision was achieved by assembling leaders in the field to cover critical areas. Some of these critical areas included regulatory pathways for regenerative medicine therapies, strategic partnerships, coordination of resources, developing standards for the field, government support, priorities for industry, biobanking, and new technologies. The final day of this conference featured focused sessions on manufacturing, during which expert speakers were invited from industry, government, and academia. The speakers identified and accessed roadblocks plaguing the field where improvements in advanced manufacturing offered many solutions. The manufacturing sessions included (a) product development toward commercialization in regenerative medicine, (b) process challenges to scale up manufacturing in regenerative medicine, and (c) infrastructure needs for manufacturing in regenerative medicine. Subsequent to this, industry was invited to participate in a survey to further elucidate the challenges to translation and scale-up. This perspective article will cover the lessons learned from these manufacturing sessions and early results from the survey. We also outline a road map for developing the manufacturing infrastructure, resources, standards, capabilities, education, training, and workforce development to realize the promise of TERM.
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN BEACH CLEANUP TECHNIQUES
Authors: Pasquet Richard , Denis Jacques
Published: January 2015

French coasts have been polluted several times by oil, and intensive cleanup was necessary to restore the hundreds of kilometers of contaminated shore. The spills provided a wide field of experiences for beach cleanup techniques. Only human labor or usual public works and agricultural equipment were available, and all of them were limited either in the quantity or selectivity of wastes collected.

The Centre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions accidentelles des eaux (CEDRE) started working in 1979 to develop equipment with better performance. First, it investigated existing equipment, and particularly agricultural technology, for its versatility and ability to work on smooth soils. Then it compared the performances of several beach cleaners used to pick up litter and seaweed during the summer. CEDRE finally decided to improve one of these beach cleaners by adding a “kit” for use on agglomerated oil. This kit now is available and has been tested successfully in the field.

But no existing equipment was found to be really effective on fresh oil stranded on shore. Therefore, three years of hard work were devoted to the development of another new piece of equipment which has been tested in the field and now is available. It is a specific type of drum, lined with a collecting material which can recover a layer of oil on sand, with the oil reaching 50 percent in volume. The wastes are transferred immediately to an agricultural vehicle or a dump truck.

Several units of each of these two types of equipment will be bought by French authorities.
Prolapsing Gastric Polyp Causing Intermittent Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Kosai Nik Ritza , Gendeh Hardip Singh , Norfaezan Abdul Rashid , Razman Jamin , Sutton Paul Anthony , Das Srijit
Published: January 2015

Gastric polyps are often an incidental finding on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, with an incidence up to 5%. The majority of gastric polyps are asymptomatic, occurring secondary to inflammation. Prior reviews discussed Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)–associated singular gastric polyposis; however, we present a rare and unusual case of recurrent multiple benign gastric polyposis post H pylori eradication resulting in intermittent gastric outlet obstruction. A 70-year-old independent male, Chinese in ethnicity, with a background of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and a simple renal cyst presented with a combination of melena, anemia, and intermittent vomiting of partially digested food after meals. Initial gastroscopy was positive for H pylori; thus he was treated with H pylori eradication and proton pump inhibitors. Serial gastroscopy demonstrated multiple sessile gastric antral polyps, the largest measuring 4 cm. Histopathologic examination confirmed a benign hyperplastic lesion. Computed tomography identified a pyloric mass with absent surrounding infiltration or metastasis. A distal gastrectomy was performed, whereby multiple small pyloric polyps were found, the largest prolapsing into the pyloric opening, thus explaining the intermittent nature of gastric outlet obstruction. Such polyps often develop from gastric ulcers and, if left untreated, may undergo neoplasia to form malignant cells. A distal gastrectomy was an effective choice of treatment, taking into account the polyp size, quantity, and potential for malignancy as opposed to an endoscopic approach, which may not guarantee a complete removal of safer margins and depth. Therefore, surgical excision is favorable for multiple large gastric polyps with risk of malignancy.
Polarization observations of 4fce auroral roar emissions
Authors: Sato Yuka , Kadokura Akira , Ogawa Yasunobu , Kumamoto Atsushi , Katoh Yuto
Published: January 2015

We report on the first polarization measurement of auroral roar emissions near 4 times the ionospheric electron cyclotron frequency (4fce). A ground‐based passive receiver that uses orthogonal loop antennas, installed in Iceland, revealed the sense of polarization of 11 events of 4fce roar emissions. In 9 of 11 cases, 4fce roar was left‐handed elliptically polarized, namely, O‐mode waves. The O‐mode 4fce roar was observed under both sunlit and dark ionospheric conditions during geomagnetic storms. For O‐mode 4fce roar generation, satisfaction of the matching condition where upper hybrid frequency (fUH) equals 4fce requires a high‐density, F region ionosphere, even during darkness, which might be attributed to auroral precipitation or tongue of ionization. In two cases, right‐handed elliptically polarized 4fce roar was observed during darkness hours and the main phase of a geomagnetic storm. This polarization indicates that nonlinear coupling of two upper hybrid waves may also work to generate X‐mode 4fce roar.
Lower hybrid drift instability at a dipolarization front
Authors: Divin A. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Vaivads A. , André M.
Published: January 2015

We present observations of a reconnection jet front detected by the Cluster satellites in the magnetotail of Earth, which are commonly referred to as dipolarization fronts. We investigate in detail electric field structures observed at the front which have frequency in the lower hybrid range and amplitudes reaching 40 mV/m. We determine the frequency and phase velocity of these structures in the reference frame of the front and identify them as a manifestation of the lower hybrid drift instability (LHDI) excited at the sharp density gradient at the front. The LHDI is observed in the nonlinear stage of its evolution as the electrostatic potential of the structures is comparable to ∼ 10% of the electron temperature. The front appears to be a coherent structure on ion and MHD scales, suggesting existence of a dynamic equilibrium between excitation of the LHDI and recovery of the steep density gradient at the front.
Effect of water phase transition on dynamic ruptures with thermal pressurization: Numerical simulations with changes in physical properties of water
Authors: Urata Yumi , Kuge Keiko , Kase Yuko
Published: January 2015

Phase transitions of pore water have never been considered in dynamic rupture simulations with thermal pressurization (TP), although they may control TP. From numerical simulations of dynamic rupture propagation including TP, in the absence of any water phase transition process, we predict that frictional heating and TP are likely to change liquid pore water into supercritical water for a strike‐slip fault under depth‐dependent stress. This phase transition causes changes of a few orders of magnitude in viscosity, compressibility, and thermal expansion among physical properties of water, thus affecting the diffusion of pore pressure. Accordingly, we perform numerical simulations of dynamic ruptures with TP, considering physical properties that vary with the pressure and temperature of pore water on a fault. To observe the effects of the phase transition, we assume uniform initial stress and no fault‐normal variations in fluid density and viscosity. The results suggest that the varying physical properties decrease the total slip in cases with high stress at depth and small shear zone thickness. When fault‐normal variations in fluid density and viscosity are included in the diffusion equation, they activate TP much earlier than the phase transition. As a consequence, the total slip becomes greater than that in the case with constant physical properties, eradicating the phase transition effect. Varying physical properties do not affect the rupture velocity, irrespective of the fault‐normal variations. Thus, the phase transition of pore water has little effect on dynamic ruptures. Fault‐normal variations in fluid density and viscosity may play a more significant role.
Preparation of Mesoporous Sb‐, F‐, and In‐Doped SnO2 Bulk Powder with High Surface Area for Use as Catalyst Supports in Electrolytic Cells
Authors: Oh Hyung‐Suk , Nong Hong Nhan , Strasser Peter
Published: January 2015

The M‐doped tin oxides (M = Sb, F, and In) to be used as catalyst support are synthesized by using templating process with tetradecylamine (TDA) as the template, combined with a hydrothermal (HT) method to improve its thermal stability. The obtained materials are characterized by XRD, SAXS, TEM, EDX, SEM, and BET to study microstructure and physical properties, which have a mesoporous structure, small particle size, and high surface area (125–263 m2 g–1). The materials show an overall conductivity of 0.102–0.295 S cm–1. Repetitive potential cycling is employed to characterize the electrochemical properties and stability. The M‐doped tin oxides are highly electrochemical stable compared to carbon black. From the observed results, it can be concluded that the combination of TDA and HT treatment are an effective synthetic method for designing mesoporous M‐doped tin oxide as catalyst supports.
γ‐PGA‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Covalently Attached Prodrugs for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Intracellular GSH‐Responsive Release
Authors: Du Xin , Xiong Lin , Dai Sheng , Qiao Shi Zhang
Published: January 2015

Poor cellular uptake of drug delivery carriers and uncontrolled drug release remain to be the major obstacles in cancer therapy due to their low delivery efficiency. In this study, a multifunctional intracellular GSH (glutathione)‐responsive silica‐based drug delivery system with enhanced cellular uptake capability is developed. Uniform 50 nm colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with mercaptopropyl‐functionalized core and silanol‐contained silica surface (MSNs‐SHin) are designed and fabricated as a platform for drug covalent attachment and particle surface modification. Doxorubicin (DOX) with primary amine group as an anticancer model drug is covalently conjugated to the mesopores of MSNs‐SHin via disulfide bonds in the presence of a heterobifunctional linker (N‐Succinimidyl 3‐(2‐pyridyldithio) propionate). Poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA) can be coated onto the particle surface by sequential electrostatic adsorption of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and γ‐PGA. The constructed delivery system exhibits enhanced cellular uptake via a speculated γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)‐mediated endocytosis pathway and controlled drug release capacity via intracellular GSH‐responsive disulfide‐bond cleavage, and thus significantly inhibits the growth of cancer cells. The multifunctional delivery system paves a new way for developing high‐efficient particle‐based nanotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment.
Incidence and survival of cancers among 1,054 hemophilia patients: A nationwide and 14‐year cohort study
Authors: Huang Yung‐Chieh , Tsan Yu‐Tse , Chan Wei‐Cheng , Wang Jiaan‐Der , Chu Wei‐Min , Fu Yun‐Ching , Tong Kwok‐Man , Lin Ching‐Heng , Chang Shin‐Tsu , Hwang Wen‐Li
Published: January 2015

As life expectancy increases in persons with hemophilia (PWH), more age‐related diseases such as cancer emerge among this patient group. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence and survival of cancers among PWH in Taiwan. We analyzed data of 1,054 PWH retrieved from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2010, by comparing variables to 10540 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy individuals from the general population. There were 43 PWH and 178 individuals of general population with newly diagnosed cancer (RR 2.42, 95% CI 1.74–3.35). The cumulative incidences of cancer in PWH and the general population were 4.7 and 1.9%, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the major type of cancer (17 cases) in PWH; cancer rate was still increased when HCC and HIV‐related cancers were excluded (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.06–2.59). There was no significant difference observed in lung, colorectal, or prostate cancer occurrence. Compared to the general population, PWH were younger at the time of cancer diagnosis (45.1 vs. 57.2 years old, P value < 0.001), and had fewer co‐morbidities. Nineteen PWH with cancers died during the study period, and no bleeding‐related death was recorded among these patients. The survival rate was not different between PWH and the general population, P = 0.86. In conclusion, the cumulative incidence of cancer among PWH was higher than the general population. PWH with cancer were younger and had fewer comorbidities, but the survival rates were similar in the two groups.Am. J. Hematol. 90:E55–E59, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental stage‐dependent influence of environmental factors on growth of rural Sundanese children in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sekiyama Makiko , Roosita Katrin , Ohtsuka Ryutaro
Published: January 2015

This study investigated the growth trajectories and the relative relevance levels of nutrition, disease, and hormonal status at various developmental stages among children in adverse environments to provide population‐based empirical evidence for the life history theory. Three years of longitudinal anthropometric data in 1‐year intervals were obtained from 418 boys and girls aged 0 to 12 years at recruitment. Following the final measurement, the main survey, which included blood and feces sampling, 3‐h interval food consumption recall surveys for energy and nutrient intakes and anthropometry, was performed. Blood and feces were used for detecting, respectively, anemia and hormonal (IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3) levels as well as intestinal helminthiasis (Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm). The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1) the growth velocity of the subject children lagged behind international standards during childhood and juvenility but caught up during early adolescence; 2) diseases, both intestinal helminths and anemia, had significant effects on growth in childhood but not at older ages; and 3) hormonal status significantly affected growth in the children, with its highest significance in early adolescence. A larger growth than international standards in early adolescence likely follows programmed hormonal mechanisms after the onset of puberty. The onset of puberty might be associated with adequate amounts of nutrient intake and be mediated by hormonal function, because the IGF‐IZ score was significantly correlated with energy and protein intakes at the transitional period from juvenility to adolescence, when puberty occurs. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:94–106, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Food Security in India: The Imperative and Its Challenges
Authors: Narayanan Sudha
Published: January 2015

This article addresses the imperative of food security in India in the context of persistent prevalence of malnutrition despite several years of rapid growth. In particular, the article posits that the recent promulgation of the National Food Security Act in September 2014 to meet this challenge also offers an opportunity to reconfigure its food distribution system and agricultural trade policy. These two issues pose the greatest and most immediate challenges for India. The more enduring challenge for India would be to sustain food production to ensure not only adequate quantities, but also to support dietary quality and diversity.
Super‐resolution imaging for cell biologists
Authors: Fornasiero Eugenio F. , Opazo Felipe
Published: January 2015

The recent 2014 Nobel Prize in chemistry honored an era of discoveries and technical advancements in the field of super‐resolution microscopy. However, the applications of diffraction‐unlimited imaging in biology have a long road ahead and persistently engage scientists with new challenges. Some of the bottlenecks that restrain the dissemination of super‐resolution techniques are tangible, and include the limited performance of affinity probes and the yet not capillary diffusion of imaging setups. Likewise, super‐resolution microscopy has introduced new paradigms in the design of projects that require imaging with nanometer‐resolution and in the interpretation of biological images. Besides structural or morphological characterization, super‐resolution imaging is quickly expanding towards interaction mapping, multiple target detection and live imaging. Here we review the recent progress of biologists employing super‐resolution imaging, some pitfalls, implications and new trends, with the purpose of animating the field and spurring future developments.
Managing the quality of e‐learning resources in repositories
Authors: Pons Daniel , Hilera Jose Ramon , Fernandez Luis , Pages Carmen
Published: January 2015

Virtual learning in engineering education uses e‐learning resources in many different ways. These resources are normally stored in learning object repositories (LOR) where they are catalogued with metadata facilitating retrieval by end users. As ranking e‐learning resources according to quality criteria is considered helpful for end users, quality measures play a prominent role. This article presents a study for estimating the quality of learning objects (LO) by using the available data in MERLOT, a large LOR. The main result of this study is the identification, definition, and evaluation of quality metrics applicable to engineering e‐learning resources which can be adapted to other types of repositories for facilitating the search of e‐resources in general. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:477–488, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21619
Follow tips for hosting national championships, conference events
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2015

Hosting a national championship or conference event on your campus can bring widespread, positive exposure and recognition to your athletics department and institution. But if something goes wrong, it could result in a lot of negative attention, too.
Monitor, regulate coaches' conduct by taking an active role
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: January 2015

From the national headlines of the abusive tactics used in Rutgers University's men's basketball program to the less sensational — but also problematic — allegations of the emotional abuse of student‐athletes on various women's teams, the issue of coaches' conduct has never been more at the forefront of collegiate sports than it is today.
Learn how to turn challenges into opportunities for your athletics department
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2015

DAVE SCOTT, ATH LETIC DIRECTOR, UNIVERSITY OF WEST FLORIDA
Hospital Volume and Cardiac Complications of Endomyocardial Biopsy: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 9508 Adult Patients Using a Nationwide Inpatient Database in Japan
Authors: Isogai Toshiaki , Yasunaga Hideo , Matsui Hiroki , Ueda Tetsuro , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Fushimi Kiyohide
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Background

Recent research on complications with endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) has been based on single‐center or 2‐center studies in high‐volume cardiovascular centers. No study has examined the association between hospital volume and the complication rate after EMB.

Hypothesis

Hospital volume is inversely associated with cardiac complication rate after EMB.

Methods

Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan, we identified inpatients aged ≥20 years who underwent EMB under fluoroscopic guidance. We assessed cardiac complications requiring the following urgent procedures on the day of EMB or the day after: pericardiocentesis, surgical repair, and temporary pacing.

Results

Among 9508 eligible patients in 491 hospitals (male, 68%; mean age, 57.0 years), dilated cardiomyopathy was the most frequently diagnosed condition (35.4%). Twenty‐four patients (0.25%) required pericardiocentesis on the day of EMB. Three patients (0.03%) underwent surgical repair on the day of EMB or the day after. Sixty‐three patients (0.70%) required temporary pacing on the day of EMB. Higher hospital volume was associated with lower rates of pericardiocentesis (low volume, 0.4%; medium volume, 0.2%; high volume, 0.1%; P for the trend test, 0.019) and temporary pacing (low volume, 1.0%; medium volume, 0.7%; high volume, 0.2%; P for the trend test, < 0.001). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, high hospital volume was significantly associated with a lower rate of the composite outcome of the procedures (reference, low volume; adjusted odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.08–0.62, P = 0.004).

Conclusions

Serious cardiac complications of EMB were rare, but higher hospital volume was associated with lower complication rate.
A review of optimization and quantification techniques for chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI toward sensitive in vivo imaging
Authors: Kim Jinsuh , Wu Yin , Guo Yingkun , Zheng Hairong , Sun Phillip Zhe
Published: January 2015

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is a versatile imaging method that probes the chemical exchange between bulk water and exchangeable protons. CEST imaging indirectly detects dilute labile protons via bulk water signal changes following selective saturation of exchangeable protons, which offers substantial sensitivity enhancement and has sparked numerous biomedical applications. Over the past decade, CEST imaging techniques have rapidly evolved owing to contributions from multiple domains, including the development of CEST mathematical models, innovative contrast agent designs, sensitive data acquisition schemes, efficient field inhomogeneity correction algorithms, and quantitative CEST (qCEST) analysis. The CEST system that underlies the apparent CEST‐weighted effect, however, is complex. The experimentally measurable CEST effect depends not only on parameters such as CEST agent concentration, pH and temperature, but also on relaxation rate, magnetic field strength and more importantly, experimental parameters including repetition time, RF irradiation amplitude and scheme, and image readout. Thorough understanding of the underlying CEST system using qCEST analysis may augment the diagnostic capability of conventional imaging. In this review, we provide a concise explanation of CEST acquisition methods and processing algorithms, including their advantages and limitations, for optimization and quantification of CEST MRI experiments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current unmet needs of cancer survivors: Analysis of open‐ended responses to the American Cancer Society Study of Cancer Survivors II
Authors: Burg Mary Ann , Adorno Gail , Lopez Ellen D. S. , Loerzel Victoria , Stein Kevin , Wallace Cara , Sharma Dinghy Kristine B.
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Cancer survivors may continue to experience psychosocial and physical needs related to their cancer experience for many years after treatment. The specification of these needs across cancer types and by survivor characteristics may lead to better prevention approaches and clinical responses. Mixed methods were used to examine responses to an open‐ended question about current unmet needs from a survey of 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year cancer survivors.

METHODS

Qualitative techniques were used to code themes of unmet needs from open‐ended responses. These themes were then examined with quantitative techniques to describe the frequency of unmet needs across disease subgroups and demographic subgroups of survivors.

RESULTS

There were 1514 responses to the open‐ended question on unmet needs. Respondents ranged in age from 24 to 97 years and included proportionately more women, and 18% were minorities (black and Hispanic). Sixteen themes of unmet needs were identified. The number and type of unmet needs were not associated with the time since cancer treatment. Breast cancer survivors identified more unmet needs than other survivors. Male survivors and especially prostate cancer survivors identified personal control problems as current needs. Older cancer survivors identified fewer unmet needs on average than younger survivors.

CONCLUSIONS

This analysis of an open‐ended question on unmet needs extends our understanding of how cancer survivors perceive problems related to cancer. How cancer‐related needs change over time and differ by sex, race, and ethnicity and how problems with personal control become manifest are areas of inquiry requiring further research. Cancer 2015;121:623–630. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Multiple criteria decision making method based on normal interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy generalized aggregation operator
Authors: Liu Peide , Teng Fei
Published: January 2015

On the basis of the normal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (NIFNs), we proposed the normal interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (NIVIFNs) in which the values of the membership and nonmembership were extended to interval numbers. First, the definition, the properties, the score function and accuracy function of the NIVIFNs are briefly introduced, and the operational laws are defined. Second, some aggregation operators based on the NIVIFNs are proposed, such as normal interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy weighted arithmetic averaging operator, normal interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted arithmetic averaging operator, normal interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid weighted arithmetic averaging operator, normal interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy weighted geometric averaging operator, normal interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted geometric averaging operator, normal interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid weighted geometric averaging operator, and normal interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy generalized weighted averaging operator, normal interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy generalized ordered weighted averaging operator, normal interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy generalized hybrid weighted averaging operator, and some properties of these operators, such as idempotency, monotonicity, boundedness, commutativity, are studied. Further, an approach to the decision making problems with the NIVIFNs is established. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 277–290, 2016
Hydrostannylation–Cross‐Coupling Strategy for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Alkylidenemalonates and Related α,β‐Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Fujiwara Shinichi , Cadou Romain , Yamaoka Yousuke , Takasu Kiyosei , Yamada Ken‐ichi
Published: January 2015

A method for the stereoselective synthesis of alkylidenemalonates and related α,β‐unsaturated esters by a hydrostannylation–cross‐coupling process has been developed. Pd‐catalyzed and radical hydrostannylation of propiolate derivatives stereoselectively provided α‐alkoxycarbonyl (E)‐ and (Z)‐vinylstannanes, respectively, which were then converted into alkylidenemalonates by the Stille coupling reaction. A one‐pot process was also realizable for the Pd‐catalyzed reactions.
Lysozyme‐responsive polymer systems for detection of infection
Authors: Schiffer Doris , Verient Vanessa , Luschnig Daniel , Blokhuis‐Arkes Miriam H. E. , Palen J. V. D. , Gamerith Clemens , Burnet Michael , Sigl Eva , Heinzle Andrea , Guebitz Georg M.
Published: January 2015

There is a strong need for new point‐of‐care systems for the detection of wound infection. Overseen infections in chronic wounds induce severe complications, such as delayed healing and high risks for the patients, while time‐consuming common gold and silver standard methods for infection assessment cannot be implemented in home care units. This study demonstrates for the first time the between correlation of lysozyme activity and silver‐standard microbiological evaluation of wounds. Significantly higher (eightfold increase; p < 0.001) lysozyme activity in infected wounds was in accordance with increasing bacterial burden of infected wound fluids. Moreover, a two‐layer membrane‐based test system was developed providing visible results on infection in a short time (30 min) while avoiding any intermediate steps such as centrifugation. In the first layer of the system, a size exclusion membrane (1.2–8 μm cut‐off) retained labeled peptidoglycane while allowing only smaller fragments resulting from lysozyme hydrolysis to pass through. These fragments were then captured in a second layer, an anion‐exchanging diethylaminoethyl cellulose membrane, resulting in clearly visible color changes. Colorimetric measurements demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.001) and sixfold higher delta E values between infected and noninfected wound fluids. This system allows a quick and straightforward determination of the status of a wound. The colorimetric readout indicates the increased lysozyme activity in infected wound fluid.
Accuracy of nonlinear static procedures for the seismic assessment of shear critical structures
Authors: Del Vecchio Ciro , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Di Sarno Luigi , Prota Andrea
Published: January 2015

The nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) members represents a key issue in the seismic performance assessment of structures. Many structures constructed in the 1980s or earlier were designed based on force limits; thus they often exhibit brittle failure modes, strength and stiffness degradation, and severe pinching effects. Field surveys and experimental evidence have demonstrated that such inelastic responses affect the global behavior of RC structural systems. Efforts have been made to consider the degrading stiffness and strength in the simplified nonlinear static procedures commonly adopted by practitioners. This paper investigates the accuracy of such procedures for the seismic performance assessment of RC structural systems. Refined finite element models of a shear critical bridge bent and a flexure‐critical bridge pier are used as reference models. The numerical models are validated against experimental results and used to evaluate the inelastic dynamic response of the structures subjected to earthquake ground motions with increasing amplitude. The maximum response from the refined numerical models is compared against the results from the simplified static procedures, namely modified capacity spectrum method and coefficient method in FEMA‐440. The accuracy of the static procedures in estimating the displacement demand of a flexure‐critical system and shear‐critical system is discussed in detail. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zugfest, leitend, defektfrei
Authors: Hüttel Andreas K.
Published: January 2015

Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren sind ein faszinierendes Material. In Experimenten bei ultratiefen Temperaturen versuchen Physiker, ihre verschiedenen Eigenschaften miteinander in Wechselwirkung zu bringen — und so Antworten auf grundlegende Fragen zu finden.
Das Gute zum Schluss
Authors: Strohschneider Peter
Published: January 2015

Rückblick auf ein Jahr, in dem politische Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Bund, Ländern und Parteien die konzeptionelle Weiterentwicklung des Wissenschaftssystems erst lange verzögerten, bevor es am Ende dann doch noch zu zukunftsweisenden Beschlüssen kam. Diese auszugestalten, ist Aufgabe für das kommende Jahr — in dem es auch Grund zum Feiern gibt.
Patterns of failure in patients with head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary treated with radiation therapy
Authors: Cuaron John , Rao Shyam , Wolden Suzanne , Zelefsky Michael , Schupak Karen , Mychalczak Borys , Lee Nancy
Published: January 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of failure and the relationship to radiation doses in patients with head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary (HNCUP).

Methods

We reviewed 85 patients with HNCUP treated with curative‐intent radiation therapy (RT) during 1995 to 2012.

Results

There have been no failures in the pharyngeal axis. Relapse at initial neck sites of disease developed in 7 patients (8.2%). The median dose to these sites was 70 Gy (range, 63–70 Gy). Failure at neck sites without initial disease occurred in 4 patients (4.7%). The median dose was 54 Gy (range, 50–58.8 Gy). There were no contralateral failures in a small cohort of patients receiving unilateral treatment (n = 6). Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube dependence at 12 months was 7.4%, and 2.5% at 3 years. Esophageal stricture developed in 5 patients (5.9%).

Conclusion

RT for HNCUP produces excellent locoregional control rates with acceptably low levels of late toxicity. Doses prescribed to sites of eventual failure did not vary significantly from those sites that were treated and remain in control. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E426–E431, 2016