bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pensamiento ID_EGA21. Del soporte de la acción en la Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica en el cambio de paradigma gráfico contemporáneo como configuración de la IDentidad Disciplinar
Authors: Solana Suárez Enrique
Published: November 2018

La rápida transformación y desarrollo de las tecnologías, dispositivos y aplicaciones de apoyo a los trabajos realizados en EGA, introduce un factor de aceleración en la producción docente e investigadora que implican importantes incrementos  de velocidad, en una acción irrenunciable. Si bien está generando una abundantes resultados cuantificables, hace difícil establecer el marco coherente de actuación. 

Pensamiento ID_EGA21 significa encontrar lo subyacente del mismo en EGA hoy, la segunda década del siglo  (21), y la identidad (ID) que la hace diferenciada de otras confluyentes en la formación del arquitecto. Pareciera no existir soporte ideológico, o de identidad en las acciones gráficas actuales; o se encuentran diluidas ante la potencia presencial de las tecnologías.
El viaje crepuscular de Hendrik Petrus Berlage a las Indias holandesas: Mijn Indische Reis
Authors: Franco Taboada José Antonio
Published: November 2018

En 1923 H. P. Berlage realizó un viaje a las Indias Orientales Neerlandesas. Cuando publica su libro sobre el viaje, Mijn Indische Reis (Berlage 1931), incluye solo 36 de los 60 dibujos realizados –casi todos a color–, pero impresos en blanco y negro. Los dibujos originales que se conservan en el Nederlands Architectuurinstituut, Instituto Holandés de Arquitectura, fueron publicados en parte por esta institución con el título De indische reis van H.P. Berlage (Berlage & Molenaar 1993) en un cofre con 46 reproducciones en color y en papel verjurado. Los dibujos del viaje recogidos en este artículo corresponden a esta última obra. Se trata de dibujos aparentemente muy sencillos, casi todos realizados con tizas de colores, con una libertad y soltura de trazo que contrastan considerablemente con sus dibujos “canónicos” que, a pesar de su extraordinaria calidad, no dejan de ser convencionales.
O que crianças pensam sobre família e relações de gênero?
Authors: Gibim Ana Paula Pereira Gomes , Müller Fernanda
Published: November 2018

O artigo explora representações de crianças sobre família e relações de gênero. Trata-se de um novo tratamento de dados elaborados por Gibim (2017) com crianças usuárias de Educação Infantil. A partir de desenhos e narrativas de crianças, foi possível captar estereótipos de gênero oriundos de uma sociedade erguida em bases patriarcais, o que é refletido em práticas intrafamiliares que envolvem as crianças. Trata das transformações na unidade doméstica decorrentes, principalmente, da emergência de diferentes dinâmicas familiares e de um reposicionamento feminino decorrente do esgotamento do modelo tradicional conjugal. A Educação Infantil surge, neste contexto, no compartilhamento da educação e cuidado com as famílias, promovendo a redefinição dos papéis parentais na construção de contextos sociais livres de preconceitos.
Barreiras e facilitadores na gestão de processos de trabalho em instituição federal de ensino superior
Authors: Matos Paiva Marlon Bruno , Barbosa Feitosa Pedro Paulo , De Aquino Cabral Augusto Cézar , Dos Santos Sandra Maria
Published: November 2018

O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi analisar os fatores que interferem na gestão de processos de trabalho em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior. A pesquisa, quantitativa, analisou dados coletados por meio de survey aplicada a servidores técnico-administrativos da Universidade Federal do Ceará, com uma amostra composta por 78 indivíduos. Os resultados confirmaram as hipóteses relativas aos benefícios e facilitadores à gestão de processos. Foi rejeitada a hipótese relativa às barreiras, tendo em vista que os servidores aparentam ser indiferentes quando às dificuldades apresentadas na pesquisa. Verifica-se que a gestão de processos é vista como uma intervenção positiva na administração pública e que há receptividade dos servidores a fim de que a desburocratização possa tornar-se rotina de gestão, atendendo de forma satisfatória os clientes das instituições.
Os fatores de engajamento do estudante na modalidade de ensino a distância
Authors: Martins de Martins Letícia , Duarte Ribeiro José Luis
Published: November 2018

O engajamento dos estudantes é uma medida de qualidade institucional. Quanto mais engajados os estudantes estiverem em atividades educacionais, melhor é a instituição (KUH; HU, 2001). Excelência em educação superior ocorre em universidades que maximizem boas práticas que incentivam engajamento acadêmico e social (PASCARELLA, 2001). Para Chen, Gonyea e Kuh (2008), um tema ainda não estudado diz respeito à qualidade das experiências de aprendizagem em cursos a distância e o nível de envolvimento nas atividades dos cursos. Neste sentido, este artigo apresenta e discute os fatores de engajamento dos estudantes do EAD. O estudo foi realizado através de uma pesquisa qualitativa, apoiada na condução de grupos focados. Para tanto, foi inicialmente realizada uma revisão da literatura existente buscando levantar os fatores de engajamento dos estudantes da modalidade a distância. Após a realização deste levantamento foram conduzidos quatro grupos focados a fim de realizar uma análise do conjunto de fatores e identificar aqueles que geram engajamento acadêmico especificamente no ensino à distância. A análise permitiu o levantamento de 60 fatores geradores do engajamento de estudantes da modalidade de ensino a distância, subdivididos em 11 dimensões.
Estudo dos fatores associativos dos estilos de aprendizagem dos acadêmicos do curso de ciências contábeis
Authors: Santos Cleston Alexandre dos , Panucci Filho Laurindo , Hein Nelson
Published: November 2018

Os estilos de aprendizagem detém abordagens inerentes às características de cada pessoa, o que torna necessário que cada docente desenvolva um planejamento de ensino que o possibilite trabalhar e interagir de forma dinâmica com os diferentes estilos de aprendizagem de seus acadêmicos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo evidenciar os fatores associativos dos estilos de aprendizagem dos acadêmicos do curso de ciências contábeis da FURB. No tratamento metodológico, classifica-se como estudo descritivo, formal, ex post facto, em condições de campo, transversal, de rotina real, estatístico, utilizando-se de coleta de dados por meio de questionário. O estudo foi desenvolvido nos meses de maio e junho de 2015 e constituiu-se de 151 acadêmicos dos 271 matriculados e com frequência no curso. Os resultados revelam que predominou o estilo de aprendizagem convergente entre os alunos pesquisados. Por meio da análise de correspondência (ANACOR), com a utilização do software LHStat®, o mapa perceptual revelou a associação dos estilos de aprendizagem acomodador e divergente com os acadêmicos da fase inicial do curso, com o gênero feminino, com acadêmicos de idade até 20 anos e com os acadêmicos que tem uma alta dedicação de horas aos estudos por semana. O estudo apontou também a associação dos estilos assimilador e convergente com os acadêmicos da fase final do curso, do gênero masculino, com idade entre 21 a 25 anos e que também tem uma carga horária relevante de horas de dedicação aos estudos por semana.
Restaurante Universitário da UFPE: uma abordagem sistêmica
Authors: Cardoso Carla Ionara Xavier da Silveira , Menezes Danubia Paula da Silva , Souza André Melo de , Baudel Roberta Macedo , Calazans Dinara Leslye Macedo e Silva
Published: November 2018

Este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar uma situação-problema do restaurante universitário da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco quanto à capacidade limitada do atendimento, à luz da teoria dos sistemas. As situações foram representadas através de arquétipos numa tentativa de maior e melhor compreensão da utilização do pensamento sistêmico diante dos cenários dinâmicos e complexos existentes. Para isso, utilizou-se de pesquisas de opinião realizadas na unidade entre os anos 2011 e 2014, além de documentos da instituição e informações obtidas pelos próprios pesquisadores. Constatou-se que a gestão da unidade não atua de forma sistêmica, apresentando ações paliativas que, em curto prazo, aliviam o sintoma, mas que em seguida, tornam-se precárias. O estudo mostrou que a análise sistêmica a partir da confecção dos arquétipos é uma importante ferramenta que pode ser utilizada no processo decisório. Nesse caso, a atividade de fornecimento de refeição, como atividade-meio de gestão da instituição, é passível de descentralização do fornecimento por meio da ampliação da terceirização dos serviços, como já é a própria unidade; e/ou a realização de convênios com a rede privada já existente no campus mediante contratos com a instituição.
Lições aprendidas em projetos como estratégia de sistematização do conhecimento organizacional: um estudo de caso de uma universidade pública federal
Authors: Figueiredo Fábio Silva , Ramos Filho Américo Costa
Published: November 2018

Gerenciar o Conhecimento organizacional ainda é desafiador para as organizações públicas atuais: gerenciá-lo em projetos de Consultoria Interna pode ser ainda mais trabalhoso. A organização estudada é uma Universidade Pública Federal, que enfrentou um grande crescimento organizacional nos últimos anos. Para acompanhar esse desenvolvimento, esta organização adotou uma estratégia de gestão baseada em Consultoria Interna. Esse modelo trouxe consigo, além dos benefícios próprios da Consultoria Interna, um expressivo aumento do conhecimento organizacional que passou a ser rotineiramente criado por essa equipe. Assim, percebeu-se uma lacuna estratégica na determinação de uma ferramenta que fosse capaz de sistematizar este conhecimento. Tendo como base o modelo de conversão do conhecimento de Nonaka e Takeuchi (1997), buscou-se investigar como os projetos de consultoria podem se valer da prática de lições aprendidas para a efetiva Gestão do Conhecimento no âmbito desses projetos. A pesquisa é um estudo de caso único, aplicada, descritiva e qualitativa. Identificou-se que a aplicação das lições aprendidas à Gestão do Conhecimento está intrinsecamente ligada à dinâmica de interação entre o conhecimento tácito e explícito que esta prática pode proporcionar. A conclusão do estudo é que as lições aprendidas sistematizam o conhecimento em equipes de consultoria no momento em que esta é uma ferramenta capaz de criar uma dinâmica de interações entre os indivíduos que perpassa toda a espiral de criação do conhecimento em um movimento ascendente e contínuo.
O processo de aquisição da lateral alveolar por gêmeos dizigóticos
Authors: Marques Tayse Feliciano , Lazzarotto-Volcão Cristiane
Published: November 2018

Diversos estudos verificaram que a aquisição da linguagem por gêmeos ocorre de forma mais lenta do que por crianças não gêmeas (LURIA; YUDOVITCH, 1985; ZAZZO, 1978; RUTTER et al., 2003; RICE et al., 2014).  Considerando-se tal constatação, este estudo descreve e analisa a aquisição da lateral alveolar por gêmeos dizigóticos, falantes monolíngues do português brasileiro (PB), a fim de verificar se ocorre atraso ou desvio nesse processo. Assim sendo, as tentativas de produções de /l/ em onset simples, realizadas pelos irmãos nas idades de 1:4 (um ano e quatro meses) a 4:0 (quatro anos), foram analisadas, atentando para os trajetos percorridos pelos sujeitos, sobretudo no que se refere às estratégias de reparo empregadas e à faixa etária em que adquiriram a lateral alveolar. De posse do percurso dos irmãos rumo à aquisição de /l/, os seus desempenhos foram comparados com os verificados na literatura e observou-se que os infantes apresentaram menos produções adequadas e, portanto, mais estratégias de reparo, principalmente no período entre 1:8 e 2:7. A partir de 2:8, no entanto, os irmãos manifestaram desempenhos semelhantes aos demonstrados na literatura, adquirindo a lateral alveolar dentro do que os estudos previram. Em linhas gerais, este estudo concluiu que os gêmeos não apresentaram atraso na aquisição da lateral alveolar. Observaram-se mais empregos de estratégias de reparo do que a adequada produção de /l/ nas faixas etárias iniciais. Apesar disso, as crianças equipararam-se com os dados da literatura, adquirindo /l/ entre 2:8 e 2:11.
A construção do Direito Internacional como disciplina jurídica no Japão sob a influência eurocêntrica: da era Edo (1603-1868) à era Showa (1926-1989)
Authors: Bastos Calazans Erika Louise
Published: November 2018

O presente ensaio tem por escopo apresentar um estudo panorâmico acerca dos matizes teóricos que construíram a ciência do direito internacional ao longo do processo de formação do Estado do Japão. O recorte temporal da pesquisa vai de Edo a Showa e divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, esboça em linhas gerais a introdução da disciplina no país, ainda no período feudal (Era Edo), com seu rápido crescimento no período seguinte. Na Era Meiji, o Japão sustentou ter alcançado o status de “nação civilizada” alegando ter realizado o estrito cumprimento do direito internacional em suas relações estrangeiras, tendo incorporado fortemente a cultura europeia no seu contexto jurídico- político. Na segunda parte, busca apresentar e discutir a consolidação do direito internacional como disciplina jurídica nas Eras Taisho e Showa. Por meio dos métodos dedutivo e qualitativo, concluiu-se que a principal influência no direito internacional no Japão foi a do positivismo jurídico europeu, seguido da introdução do método histórico de análise do direito.
Gaetano Morelli
Authors: Gaja Giorgio
Published: November 2018

Tradução do artigo "Gaetano Morelli" de Giorgio Gaja
Historias de la tercera edad: entre la continuidad y la alteridad
Authors: Klein Alejandro , Carcaño Erika
Published: November 2018

Este artículo busca replantear algunas cuestiones de cómo nos acercamos a la vejez hoy, señalando que pasamos de términos relativamente claros (vejez y el envejecimiento) a una polisemia conceptos que entran dentro de lo que se denomina paradigmas anacrónicos o ambiguos. Se insiste en que el tema del envejecimiento es reemplazado probablemente por dos grandes polos: una estética no decrépitos y una actitud de memoria resiliente, los que son ejemplificados en dos estudios de caso. En ambos casos se plantea una etapa de alta experimentación subjetiva, tratando de localizar la situación del envejecimiento desde parámetros sociales y culturales más amplios.
Monopólio revisado: a violência nos conflitos contra o Estado
Authors: Borel Marcelo , Freitas Fernando Vieira de
Published: November 2018

O livro escrito por Peter Gelderloos em 2007 e publicado no Brasil pela editora Deriva em 2011, tem como principal objetivo discutir as deficiências políticas e a insustentabilidade prática do projeto da não violência como instrumento de ação política. Essa empreitada se estende ao longo de seis capítulos nos quais o autor discute os motivos pelos quais a não violência é um método ineficaz, racista, estatista, patriarcal, estrategicamente inferior, e ilusório. Os pontos levantados e discutidos por Peter Gelderloos ao longo do livro podem ser condensados em dois grandes eixos argumentativos: um que trata a violência como um instrumento monopolizado pelo Estado e pelo homem branco; e outro que declara que ações não violentas não geram frutos capazes de alterar significativamente dinâmicas sociais.
Satellite evidence of substantial rain-induced soil emissions of ammonia across the Sahel
Authors: Hickman Jonathan E. , Dammers Enrico , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , van der Werf Guido R.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) is a precursor to fine particulate matter
formation and contributes to nitrogen (N) deposition, with potential
implications for the health of humans and ecosystems. Agricultural soils and
animal excreta are the primary source of atmospheric NH3, but natural
soils can also be an important emitter. In regions with distinct dry and wet
seasons such as the Sahel, the start of the rainy season triggers a pulse of
biogeochemical activity in surface soils known as the Birch effect, which is
often accompanied by emissions of microbially produced gases such as carbon
dioxide and nitric oxide. Field and lab studies have sometimes, but not
always, observed pulses of NH3 after the wetting of dry soils;
however, the potential regional importance of these emissions remains poorly
constrained. Here we use satellite retrievals of atmospheric NH3
using the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)
regridded at 0.25∘ resolution, in combination with satellite-based
observations of precipitation, surface soil moisture, and nitrogen dioxide
concentrations, to reveal substantial precipitation-induced pulses of
NH3 across the Sahel at the onset of the rainy season in 2008. The
highest concentrations of NH3 occur in pulses during March and April
when NH3 biomass burning emissions estimated for the region are low.
For the region of the Sahel spanning 10 to 16∘ N and 0 to
30∘ E, changes in NH3 concentrations are weakly but
significantly correlated with changes in soil moisture during the period from
mid-March through April when the peak NH3 concentrations occur
(r=0.28, p=0.02). The correlation is also present when evaluated on an
individual pixel basis during April (r=0.16, p<0.001). Average emissions
for the entire Sahel from a simple box model are estimated to be between 2
and 6 mg NH3 m−2 d−1 during peaks of the observed
pulses, depending on the assumed effective NH3 lifetime. These early
season pulses are consistent with surface observations of monthly
concentrations, which show an uptick in
NH3 concentration at the start
of the rainy season for sites in the Sahel. The NH3 concentrations in
April are also correlated with increasing tropospheric NO2
concentrations observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (r=0.78, p<0.0001), which have previously been attributed to the Birch effect. Box
model results suggest that pulses occurring over a 35-day period in March and
April are responsible for roughly one-fifth of annual emissions of
NH3-N from the Sahel. We conclude that precipitation early in the
rainy season is responsible for substantial NH3 emissions in the
Sahel, likely representing the largest instantaneous fluxes of gas-phase N
from the region during the year.
Photochemistry on the under side of the mesospheric Na layer
Authors: Yuan Tao , Feng Wuhu , Plane John M. C. , Marsh Daniel R.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Lidar observations of the mesospheric Na layer have revealed considerable diurnal variations particularly on the underside of the main layer where more than an order-of-magnitude increase of Na density has been observed below 80 km after sunrise. In this paper, multi-year Na lidar observations over a full diurnal cycle at Utah State University (USU) (41.8°N, 111.8°W) and a global atmospheric model of Na with 0.5 km vertical resolution in the mesosphere lower thermosphere (WACCM-Na) are utilized to explore the dramatic changes of Na density on the layer underside. Photolysis of the principal reservoir NaHCO3 is shown to be primarily responsible for the increase in Na after sunrise, amplified by the increased rate of reaction of NaHCO3 with atomic H, which is mainly produced from the photolysis of H2O and the reaction of OH with O3. This finding is further supported by Na lidar observation at USU during the solar eclipse (> 96 % totality) event on August 21st, 2017, when a decrease and recovery of the Na density on the underside of the layer were observed. Lastly, the model simulation shows that the Fe density underside around 80 km increases larger and earlier than observed Na changes during sunrise because of the considerably faster photolysis rate of its major reservoir FeOH.
Analysis of New Particle Formation (NPF) Events at Nearby Rural, Urban Background and Urban Roadside Sites
Authors: Bousiotis Dimitrios , Dall’Osto Manuel , Beddows David C. S. , Pope Francis D. , Harrison Roy M.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. NPF events have different patterns of development depending on the conditions of the area in which they occur. In this study, NPF events occurring at three sites of differing characteristics (rural Harwell (HAR), urban background North Kensington (NK), urban roadside Marylebone Road (MR), London, UK) were studied (seven years of data). The different atmospheric conditions in each study area not only have an effect on the frequency of the events, but also affect their development. The frequency of NPF events is similar at the rural and urban background locations (about 7 % of days), with a high proportion of events occurring at both sites on the same day (45 %). The frequency of NPF events at the urban roadside site is slightly less (6 % of days), and higher particle growth rates (average 5.5 nm h−1 at MR compared to 3.4 nm h−1 and 4.2 nm h−1 at HAR and NK respectively) must result from rapid gas to particle conversion of traffic-generated pollutants. A general pattern is found in which the condensation sink increases with the degree of pollution of the site, but this is counteracted by increased particle growth rates at the more polluted location. A key finding of this study is that the role of the urban environment leads to an increment of 20 % in N16–20 nm in the urban background compared to that of the rural area in NPF events occurring at both sites. The relationship of the origin of incoming air masses is also considered and an association of regional events with cleaner air masses is found. Due to lower availability of condensable species, NPF events that are associated with cleaner atmospheric conditions have lower growth rates of the newly formed particles. The decisive effect of the condensation sink in the development of NPF events and the survivability of the newly formed particles is underlined, and influences the overall contribution of NPF events to the number of ultrafine particles in an area. The other key factor identified by this study is the important role that urban pollution plays in new particle formation events.
Integration of Airborne and Ground Observations of Nitryl
Chloride in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and the Implications on
Regional Oxidation Capacity During KORUS-AQ 2016
Authors: Jeong Daun , Seco Roger , Gu Dasa , Lee Youngro , Nault Benjamin A. , Knote Christoph J. , Mcgee Tom , Sullivan John T. , Jimenez Jose L. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Blake Donald R. , Sanchez Dianne , Guenther Alex B. , Tanner David , Huey L. Gregory , Long Russell , Anderson Bruce E. , Hall Samuel R. , Ullmann Kirk , Shin Hye-Jung , Herndon Scott C. , Lee Youngjae , Kim Danbi , Ahn Joonyoung , Kim Saewung
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) is a radical reservoir species that releases chlorine radicals upon photolysis. An integrated analysis of the impact of ClNO2 on regional photochemistry in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) during the Korean-United States-Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) 2016 field campaign is presented. Comprehensive multiplatform observations were conducted aboard the NASA DC-8 and at two ground sites (Olympic Park, OP; Taehwa Research Forest, TRF), representing an urbanized area and a forested region downwind, respectively. The overall diurnal variations of ClNO2 in both sites appeared similar but the night time variation were systematically different. For about half of the observation days at the OP site the level of ClNO2 increased at sunset but rapidly decreased at around midnight. On the other hand, high levels were sustained throughout the night at the TRF site. Significant levels of ClNO2 were sustained at both sites for 4–5 hours after sunrise. Airborne observations, box model calculations, and back trajectory analysis consistently show that this high levels of ClNO2 in the morning is likely due to the transport of air masses within the boundary layer. Box model results show that chlorine radical initiated chemistry can impact the regional photochemistry by elevating net ozone production rate up to ~ 25 % in the morning.
Contributions to local and regional-scale formaldehyde concentrations
Authors: Bastien Lucas , Brown Nancy , Harley Robert
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Reducing ambient formaldehyde concentrations is a complex task because formaldehyde is both a primary and a secondary air pollutant, with significant anthropogenic and biogenic sources of volatile organic compounds (VOC) precursor emissions. This work uses adjoint sensitivity analysis in a chemical transport model to identify emission sources and chemical reactions that influence formaldehyde mixing ratios in the San Francisco Bay Area, and within three urbanized sub-areas. For each of these receptors, the use of the adjoint technique allows for efficient calculation of the sensitivity of formaldehyde to emissions of NOx, formaldehyde, and VOC precursors occurring at any location and time. Formaldehyde mixing ratios are found to be generally higher in summer than in winter. The opposite seasonal trend is observed for the sensitivities of these mixing ratios to formaldehyde emissions. In other words, even though formaldehyde is higher in summer, reducing formaldehyde emissions has a greater impact in winter. In winter, 85–90 % of the sensitivity to emissions is attributed to direct formaldehyde emissions. In summer, this contribution is smaller and more variable, ranging from 26 to 72 % among the receptor areas investigated in this study. Higher relative contributions of secondary formation versus direct emissions are associated with receptors located farther away from heavily urbanized and emission-rich areas. In particular, the relative contribution of biogenic VOC emissions (15–41 % in summer) is largest for these receptors. Ethene and other alkenes are the most influential anthropogenic precursors to secondary formaldehyde. Isoprene is the most influential biogenic precursor. Sensitivities of formaldehyde to NOx emissions are generally negative, but small in magnitude compared to sensitivities to VOC emissions. The magnitude of anthropogenic emissions of organic compounds other than formaldehyde is found to correlate reasonably well with their influence on population-weighted formaldehyde mixing ratios at the air basin scale. This correlation does not hold for ambient formaldehyde in smaller urbanized sub-areas. The magnitude of biogenic emissions does not correlate with their influence in either case.
Polarization lidar: An extended three-signal calibration approach
Authors: Jimenez Cristofer , Ansmann Albert , Haarig Moritz , Engelmann Ronny , Schmidt Jörg , Wandinger Ulla
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We present a new formalism to calibrate a three-signal polarization lidar and to measure highly accurate height profiles of the volume linear depolarization ratios under realistic experimental conditions. The methodology considers elliptically polarized laser light, angular misalignment of the receiver unit with respect to the main polarization plane of the laser pulses, and cross-talk between the receiver channels. A case study of a liquid-water cloud observation demonstrates the potential of the new technique. Long-term observations of the calibration parameters corroborate the robustness of the method and the long-term stability of the three-signal polarization lidar. A comparison with another polarization lidar shows excellent agreement regarding the derived volume linear polarization ratio of biomass burning smoke throughout the troposphere and the lower stratosphere up to 16 km height.
Method to measure the size-resolved real part of aerosol refractive index
Authors: Zhao Gang , Zhao Chunsheng , Zhao Weilun
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Knowledge on the refractive index of ambient aerosol can help reduce the uncertainties in estimating aerosol radiative forcing. A new method is proposed to retrieve the size-resolved real part of RI (RRI). Main principle of deriving the RRI is measuring the scattering intensity by single particle soot photometer of size-selected aerosol. This method is validated by a series of calibration experiments using the components of known RI. The retrieved size-resolved RRI cover a wide range from 200nm to 450nm with uncertainty less than 0.02. Measurements of the size resolved real part of the aerosol refractive index can improve the understanding of the aerosol radiative effects.
Review of key causes and sources for N2O emissions and NO3-leaching from organic arable crop rotations
Authors: Hansen Sissel , Berland Frøseth Randi , Stenberg Maria , Stalenga Jarosław , Olesen Jørgen E. , Krauss Maike , Radzikowski Paweł , Doltra Jordi , Nadeem Shahid , Torp Torfinn , Pappa Valentini , Watson Christine A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and leaching of nitrate (NO3) have considerable negative impacts on climate and the environment. Although these environmental burdens are on average less per unit area in organic than in non-organic production, they are not smaller per unit of product. If organic farming is to maintain its goal of being an environmentally friendly production system, these emissions should be mitigated. We discuss the impact of possible triggers within organic arable farming practice for the risk of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching under European climatic conditions, and possible strategies to reduce these. Organic arable crop rotations can be characterised as diverse with frequent use of legumes, intercropping and organic fertilizers. The soil organic matter content and share of active organic matter, microbial and faunal activity are higher, soil structure better and yields lower, than in non-organic, arable crop rotations. Soil mineral nitrogen (SMN), N2O emissions and NO3 leaching are low under growing crops, but there is high potential for SMN accumulation and losses after crop termination or crop harvest. The risk for high N2O fluxes is increased when large amounts of herbage or organic fertilizers with readily available nitrogen (N) and carbon are incorporated into the soil or left on the surface. Freezing/thawing, drying/rewetting, compacted and/or wet soil and mixing with rotary harrow further enhance the risk for high N2O fluxes. These complex soil N dynamics mask the correlation between total N-input and N2O emissions from organic arable crop rotations. Incorporation of N rich plant residues or mechanical weeding followed by bare fallow increases the risk of nitrate leaching. In contrast, strategic use of deep-rooted crops with long growing seasons in the rotation reduces nitrate leaching risk. Reduced tillage can reduce N leaching if yields are maintained. Targeted treatment and use of herbage from green manures, crop residues and catch crops will increase N efficiency and reduce N2O emissions and NO3 leaching. Continued regular use of catch crops has the potential to reduce NO3 leaching but may enhance N2O emissions. A mixture of legumes and non-legumes (for instance grasses or cereals) are as efficient a catch crop as monocultures of non-legume species.
Directional dependency and coastal framework geology: implications for barrier island resilience
Authors: Wernette Phillipe A. , Houser Chris , Weymer Bradley A. , Everett Mark E. , Bishop Michael P. , Reece Bobby
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Barrier island transgression is influenced by the alongshore variation in
beach and dune morphology, which determines the amount of sediment moved
landward through wash-over. While several studies have demonstrated how
variations in dune morphology affect island response to storms, the reasons
for that variation and the implications for island management remain unclear.
This paper builds on previous research by demonstrating that paleo-channels
in the irregular framework geology can have a directional influence on
alongshore beach and dune morphology. The influence of relict paleo-channels
on beach and dune morphology on Padre Island National Seashore, Texas, was
quantified by isolating the long-range dependence (LRD) parameter in
autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) models,
originally developed for stock market economic forecasting. ARFIMA models
were fit across ∼250 unique spatial scales and a moving window
approach was used to examine how LRD varied with computational scale and
location along the island. The resulting LRD matrices were plotted by
latitude to place the results in the context of previously identified variations
in the framework geology. Results indicate that the LRD is not constant
alongshore for all surface morphometrics. Many flares in the LRD plots
correlate to relict infilled paleo-channels, indicating that the framework
geology has a significant influence on the morphology of Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS). Barrier island
surface morphology LRD is strongest at large paleo-channels and decreases to
the north. The spatial patterns in LRD surface morphometrics and framework
geology variations demonstrate that the influence of paleo-channels can be
asymmetric (i.e., affecting beach–dune morphology preferentially in one
direction alongshore) where the alongshore sediment transport gradient was
unidirectional during island development. The asymmetric influence of
framework geology on coastal morphology has long-term implications for
coastal management activities because it dictates the long-term behavior of a
barrier island. Coastal management projects should first seek to assess the
framework geology and understand how it influences coastal processes in order to
more effectively balance long-term natural variability with short-term
societal pressure.
The Indian summer monsoon in MetUM-GOML2.0: effects of air–sea coupling and resolution
Authors: Peatman Simon C. , Klingaman Nicholas P.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The fidelity of the simulated Indian summer monsoon is analysed in
the UK Met Office Unified Model Global Ocean Mixed Layer configuration
(MetUM-GOML2.0) in terms of its boreal summer mean state and propagation of
the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO). The model produces
substantial biases in mean June–September precipitation, especially over
India, in common with other MetUM configurations. Using a correction
technique to constrain the mean seasonal cycle of ocean temperature and
salinity, the effects of regional air–sea coupling and atmospheric horizontal
resolution are investigated. Introducing coupling in the Indian Ocean
degrades the atmospheric basic state compared with prescribing the observed
seasonal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST). This degradation of the mean
state is attributable to small errors (±0.5 ∘C) in mean SST.
Coupling slightly improves some aspects of the simulation of northward BSISO
propagation over the Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, and India, but degrades
others. Increasing resolution from 200 to 90 km grid spacing (approximate
value at the Equator) improves the atmospheric mean state, but increasing
resolution again to 40 km offers no substantial improvement. The improvement
to intraseasonal propagation at finer resolution is similar to that due to
coupling.
GROWTH OF INVASIVE AQUATIC MACROPHYTES OVER TAPI RIVER
Authors: Chander S. , Pompapathi V. , Gujrati A. , Singh R. P. , Chaplot N. , Patel U. D.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Aquatic macrophytes are important elements of freshwater ecosystems, fulfilling a pivotal role in the ecological functions of these environments and biogeochemical cycles. Although aquatic macrophytes are beneficial, some species can hinder human activity. They can clog reservoirs and reduce water availability for human needs. Surveys of macrophytes are hindered by logistic problems, and remote sensing represents a powerful alternative, allowing comprehensive assessment and monitoring. The objectives of this study was to map temporal changes in the macrophytes using time series multispectral dataset over Tapi River, Surat. The field trip was conducted over the Tapi River on 22nd June 2018, where in-situ spectral response dataset were acquired using ASD Spectroradiometer. Water samples were also collected over three locations, one before entering the city (Kamrej), second at the Sarthana water treatment plant and third at the outer end (causeway). The nutrient concentration was less before entering the city (Ammonical Nitrogen 0.056 mg/L and phosphate 0.0145 mg/l), while higher concentration (Ammonical Nitrogen 0.448 mg/l and phosphate 0.05 mg/l) was observed within the city. Maps of aquatic macrophytes fractional cover were produced using Resourcesat-2/2A (LISS-III) dataset covering a period of 2012–2018. Maximum extent was observed in February-March of every year. Although during monsoon, lot of agriculture run-off and nutrients will come into the river, but main flow of water will dilute its concentration. During summer, the same nutrient concentration will boost these macrophytes due to less availability of stream water. Within the area of 16 km2 between Kamrej and causeway, 3.35 % was covered by macrophytes during March 2013. This area coverage increase to 36.41 % in March 2018. Based on these maps, we discuss how remote sensing could support monitoring strategies and provide insight into spatial variability, and by identifying hotspot areas where invasive species could become a threat to ecosystem functioning.
SENSITIVITY OF UPPER OCEAN DYNAMICS IN HIGH-RESOLUTION TROPICAL INDIAN OCEAN MODEL TO DIFFERENT FLUX PARAMETERIZATION: CASE STUDY FOR THE BAY OF BENGAL (BOB)
Authors: Mallick S. K. , Agarwal N. , Sharma R. , Prasad K. V. S. R.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Simulation experiments using a high-resolution ocean general circulation model (OGCM) of the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) were carried out to assess the model’s sensitivity to different flux parameterization. The flux formulation proposed by Kara et al. (2000) is used in the control run (CR). One more experiment differing in the bulk fluxes formulation for the computation of momentum, freshwater and heat is carried out. In the first experiment (CR), actual wind is used for the computation of the exchange coefficient in air-sea bulk flux formulation. In the second experiment (E1), model surface current is used in the wind stress formulation to compute the turbulent air-sea fluxes for TIO region. The formulation used in E1 is the same as it is used in CR, instead of actual wind, relative wind component is used in flux formulas. Both experiments are carried out for the period 2014–2016. The OGCM is forced using the daily fields of winds, radiation and freshwater fluxes obtained from ERA-Interim Reanalysis. In this study, we examine and quantify the performance of the above-mentioned experiments with respect to observations from ARGO, satellite-based sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) for the year 2015. We observe that the upper ocean dynamics is significantly modulated by different flux algorithms. The errors in simulated SST is reduced by ∼8% to 10% in E1 compared to CR, respectively. The temperature errors in the top 20 m depth are reduced by 8% in E1. It is found that this flux formulation using relative winds is effective in accurately simulating the upper ocean dynamics in strong wind regimes of the Bay of Bengal.
NOWCASTING EARTHQUAKES IN THE NORTHWEST HIMALAYA AND SURROUNDING REGIONS
Authors: Pasari S. , Mehta A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. With the rapid increase and availability of seismic data, an automatic, transparent and regular way of earthquake hazard estimation strategy is highly desirable in many seismically active large geographical regions. In this paper, we implement a novel method of nowcasting (Rundle et al., 2016) that can indirectly assess the current progression of a region through its earthquake cycle of large events. Nowcasting differs from the method of forecasting in which future earthquake probabilities are calculated. Using statistics of natural times, counts of small earthquakes between large earthquakes in a defined region, nowcasting provides an earthquake potential score (EPS) to enable scientists and city planners a snapshot of the current level of earthquake hazard in the region. Applied to a number of selected major cities in the northwest Himalaya and surrounding regions, we found that the EPS values corresponding to M ≥ 6 events in New Delhi, Chandigarh, Dehradun and Shimla reach about 0.56, 0.87, 0.85 and 0.88, respectively. These estimated scores thus indicate that New Delhi is about half-way through its cycle for magnitude 6.0 or higher earthquakes, while Dehradun is about 85 percent of the way through its cycle. Towards the end, we discuss some implications and applications of these nowcast values to improve the present earthquake hazard assessment practice in the study region.
How awareness and confidence affect flood-risk precautionary behavior of Greek citizens: the role of perceptual and emotional mechanisms
Authors: Papagiannaki Katerina , Kotroni Vassiliki , Lagouvardos Kostas , Papagiannakis Giorgos
Published: November 2018

Abstract. This study examines the mechanisms of flood-risk precautionary behavior among Greek citizens. To that end, it specifies a comprehensive model in which risk perception and worry mediate the effects of awareness-raising factors and confidence attitudes on individuals' flood preparedness. Both the current preparedness and preparedness intention are assessed. Raw data were obtained via an online survey that received 1855 responses. Findings from SEM (structural equation modeling) analysis indicate that worry mediates the effects of awareness and confidence on preparedness; risk perception is limited to the activation of preparedness intention. The results also suggest that past risk perceptions might have affected prior preparedness motivations associated with current preparedness. Interestingly, citizens who had already undertaken preparedness measures in the past appear to be more willing to invest in new measures. Implications for improving flood risk management are discussed.
A high-resolution spatial ass essment of the impacts of drought variability on
vegetation activity in Spain from 1981 to 2015
Authors: Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. , Azorin-Molina Cesar , Peña-Gallardo Marina , Tomas-Burguera Miquel , Domínguez-Castro Fernando , Martin-Hernández Natalia , Beguería Santiago , El Kenawy Ahmed , Noguera Iván , García Mónica
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Drought is a major driver of vegetation activity in Spain, with significant impacts on crop yield, forest growth, and the occurrence of forest fires. Nonetheless, the sensitivity of vegetation to drought conditions differs largely amongst vegetation types and climates. We used a high-resolution (1.1 km) spatial dataset of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the whole Spain spanning the period from 1981 to 2015, combined with a another newly developed dataset of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to assess the sensitivity of vegetation types to drought across Spain. In specific, this study explores the drought time scales at which vegetation activity shows its highest response to drought severity at different moments of the year. Results demonstrate that − over large areas of Spain − vegetation activity is controlled largely by the interannual variability of drought. More than 90 % of the land areas exhibited statistically significant positive correlations between the NDVI and the SPEI during dry summers (JJA). Nevertheless, there are some considerable spatio-temporal variations, which can be linked to differences in land cover and aridity conditions. In comparison to other climatic regions across Spain, results indicate that vegetation types located in arid regions showed the strongest response to drought. Importantly, this study stresses that the time scale at which drought is assessed is a dominant factor in understanding the different responses of vegetation activity to drought.
Qualitative yaw stability analysis of free-yawing downwind turbines
Authors: Wanke Gesine , Hansen Morten H. , Larsen Torben J.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. This article shows qualitatively the yaw stability of a free yawing downwind turbine and the ability of the turbine to align passively with the wind direction, using a two degree of freedom model. An existing model of a Suzlon S111 upwind 2.1 MW turbine is converted into a downwind conﬁguration with a 5° tilt and a 3.5° downwind cone angle. The analysis shows that the static tilt angle causes a wind speed dependent yaw misalignment of up to −19° due to the projection of the torque onto the yaw bearing and the skewed aerodynamic forces caused by wind speed projection. With increased cone angles, the yaw stiffness can be increased for better yaw alignment and the stabilization of the free yaw motion. The shaft length inﬂuences the yaw alignment only for high wind speeds and cannot signiﬁcantly contribute to the damping of the free yaw mode within the investigated range. Asymmetric ﬂapwise blade ﬂexibility is seen to signiﬁcantly decrease the damping of the free yaw mode, leading to instability at wind speeds higher than 19 ms−1. It is shown that this additional degree of freedom is needed to predict the qualitative yaw behaviour of a free yawing downwind wind turbine.
Los Servicios Avanzados de Internet: Nuevas oportunidades para el desarrollo de los territorios rurales
Authors: Armas Quintá Francisco Xosé , Lois González Rubén Camilo , Macía Arce Xosé Carlos
Published: November 2018

Pese a la diversidad que existe en las áreas rurales europeas, es evidente que, en las dos últimas décadas, han tenido lugar cambios significativos en las mismas tanto desde el punto de vista social como económico. Aunque aún hay posturas en la literatura científica sobre la generalización de los problemas más comunes que afectan al medio rural, hoy día debe tenerse muy en cuenta que este ya no es visto como una simple superficie de producción. Las áreas rurales son espacios pluriactivos y multifuncionales que aportan valores de un elevado interés para la sociedad. Las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación contribuyen a la instalación de nuevas actividades económicas en estos espacios, si bien se necesita tanto capital humano como iniciativas políticas para que esta realidad se propague a todo el medio rural europeo, especialmente a las áreas más periféricas en riesgo de abandono.
El concepto de profecía de Maimónides en la "Visión Deleytable" de Alfonso de la Torre y sus fuentes árabes
Authors: Guerrero Rafael Ramón
Published: November 2018

Muchas de las doctrinas expuestas por Alfonso de la Torre han encontrado su inspiración en la Guía de perplejos de Maimónides e, indirectamente, en algunos autores árabes. Se recuerda aquí la doctrina de la profecía de Maimónides y la de su precursor el filósofo árabe al-Fârâbî y se indica que tanto Maimónides como Alfonso de la Torre pudieron tener también como fuente algunas obras de Avicena.
La verdad en las opiniones sobre la providencia, en "Visión Deleytable"
Authors: Beltrán Miquel
Published: November 2018

En Visión Deleytable, tras dar cuenta de los absurdos y contradicciones que comportan diversas opiniones acerca de la providencia, declara Sabieza que explicará la que considera verdadera, pero entonces solo arguye que todas, finalmente, tienen una parte de verdad. En el artículo tratamos de probar que tanto en el examen de las contradicciones que se hallan en el prólogo de la Guía de Perplejos de Maimónides, como en las diversas concepciones de Dios que conviven en la obra, e incluso en la literatura rabínica, se halla in nuce una doctrina cabalística que pudo prefigurar la concepción de la providencia de Alfonso de la Torre, que la verdad que se despliega en la multiplicidad lo es solo ‘de parte de quienes la reciben’.