bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The coalescence effect: Understanding the impact of customer value proposition, perceived benefits and climate change sensitivities on electric vehicle adoption in India
Authors: Chaudhary Prashant , Kate Nilesh
Published: August 2023

The overarching objective of this study is to understand factors that influence the customer attitude and eventually purchase intention towards electrical vehicles (EVs). Market survey was done in major cities of 3 states of India to examine the customer attitude and purchase intention towards (EVs). The collected data was analyzed by using partial least squares‐structural equation modeling techniques. It has been found that the factors like overall customer value (performance and cost), awareness and sensitivities towards the climate change, and perceived benefits are the major factors that influence the attitude and subsequently the adoption of EVs by millennials. The factors like perceived price and social acceptance are relatively less significant in terms of their influence on the attitude and purchase intention towards EVs. Hence, it has been concluded that the environmental concern, performance features, infrastructure facility positively influence the attitude and purchase intention towards EVs. This study essentially underscores the importance and role of coordinated impact of performance, features, and infrastructure and climate change sensitivities in influencing and enhancing the adoption of EVs in India, in the context of current market scenario. Hence, this study contributes by providing actionable insights to manufactures and government for developing and communicating pragmatic value proposition to promote EVs. This study brings fresh perspectives on creating positive attitude and purchase intention towards the EVs by providing a model that could be leveraged for devising a long term and sustainable strategy.
Diagnostic accuracy of risk assessment and fecal immunochemical test in colorectal cancer screening: Results from a population‐based program and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Ziyang , Teng Jiaoyue , Wu Weimiao , Dou Jianming , Wong Martin C. S. , Gong Yangming , Huang Junjie , Gu Kai , Xu Wanghong
Published: August 2023

Background

Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a commonly used initial test for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Parallel use of FIT with risk assessment (RA) could improve the detection of non‐bleeding lesions, but at the expense of compromising sensitivity. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of FIT and/or RA in the Shanghai CRC screening program, and systematically reviewed the relevant evaluations worldwide.

Methods

RA and 2‐specimen FIT were used in parallel in the Shanghai screening program, followed by a colonoscopy among those with positive results. Sensitivity, specificity, detection rate of CRC, positive predictive value (PPV), and other measures with their 95% confident intervals were calculated for each type of tests and several assumed combined tests. We further searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for relevant studies published in English up to January 5, 2022.

Results

By the end of 2019, a total of 1,901,360 participants of the screening program completed 3,045,108 tests, with 1,901,360 first‐time tests and 1,143,748 subsequent tests. Parallel use of RA and 2‐specimen FIT achieved a sensitivity of 0.78 (0.77–0.80), a specificity of 0.78 (0.78–0.78), PPV of 0.89% (0.86–0.92), and a detection rate of 1.99 (1.93–2.05) for CRC per 1000 among participants enrolled in the first screening round, and performed similarly among those who participated for several times. A meta‐analysis of 103 published observational studies demonstrated a higher sensitivity [0.76 (0.36, 0.94)] but a much lower specificity [0.59 (0.28, 0.85)] of parallel use of RA and FIT for detecting CRC in average‐risk populations than in our subjects. One‐specimen FIT, the most commonly used initial test, had a pooled specificity comparable to the Shanghai screening program (0.92 vs. 0.91), but a much higher pooled sensitivity (0.76 vs. 0.57).

Conclusion

Our results indicate the limitation of FIT only as an initial screening test for CRC in Chinese populations, and highlight the higher sensitivity of parallel use of RA and FIT. Attempts should be made to optimize RA to improve effectiveness of screening in the populations.
Antifungal Properties of Essential Oils Derived from the Genus Cymbopogon: A Systematic Review
Authors: Butzge Juliana Caroline , Pivotto Christiane , Mezzomo Leticia , Ferrão Simone Krause , Picanço João Marcelo Astolfi , Mezzari Adelina , Calil Luciane Noal , Limberger Renata Pereira , Apel Miriam A.
Published: August 2023

Essential oils (EOs) are products of secondary metabolism with recognized organoleptic characteristics and biological properties. Recently, there has been a growing demand for EOs in the national and international market, mainly due to the recognition of their use as complementary medicine practices, and the increased use in the industries of pharmaceutics, cosmetics, well‐being, veterinary and agroecology, boosting the productive sector. In this context, EOs from grasses of the Cymbopogon (Poaceae) are promising sources of bioactive compounds, due to their recognized biological properties, such as anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, repellent, and larvicide. Thus, the present study aims to carry out a review of the scientific literature of the main works related to the evaluation of the antifungal action of essential oils extracted from plants of the Cymbopogon genus, compiling the species that showed the best results and relating them to their main chemical constituents. This review covers the following species: C. citratus, C. flexuosus, C. winterianus, C. martinii, C. nardus, C. giganteus, C. schoenanthus, C. khasans, and C. proximus. Among them, C. citratus was the most assessed, being associated with the vast majority of studies (61.9 %), and it was also the species that showed the best results in terms of MIC.
Two Pairs of New Bisabolane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from Aspergillus sydowii
Authors: Jiang Yaqin , Cui Chenyang , Chen Chunmei , Wang Nina , Liao Hong , Li Qin , Mao Lina , Ding Nanjin , Kang Jinbing , Zhou Jiajun , Zhu Hucheng , Lai Yongji , Wang Zhiping , Zhou Qun , Zhang Yonghui
Published: August 2023

Two pairs of new bisabolane‐type sesquiterpenoids, (+)‐aspersydowin A (7S) [(+)‐1], (−)‐aspersydowin A (7R) [(−)‐1], (+)‐aspersydowin B (7S,11S) [(+)‐2], (−)‐aspersydowin B (7R,11R) [(−)‐2], along with six known compounds (1–8) were isolated from the fungus Aspergillus sydowii. Compounds 1 and 2 are enantiomers resolved by the Chiralpak IC, using a hexane‐ propan‐2‐ol mobile phase. The structure of 1 and 2 with absolute configuration were assigned tentatively by 1D (1H, 13C, and DEPT) & 2D (HSQC, 1H–1H COSY, HMBC, and NOESY) NMR data analyses and ECD calculations. Compounds 1–8 were screened for the biological activities in vitro. The results showed that compounds 3, 4 and 8 exhibited immunosuppressive activities with IC50 values of 10.9, 17.6 and 13.4 μM, respectively.
A Cell‐Free Multi‐enzyme Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of CDP‐Glycerol
Authors: Alberto Alcalá‐Orozco E. , Grote Valerian , Fiebig Timm , Klamt Steffen , Reichl Udo , Rexer Thomas
Published: August 2023

CDP‐glycerol is a nucleotide‐diphosphate‐activated version of glycerol. In nature, it is required for the biosynthesis of teichoic acid in Gram‐positive bacteria, which is an appealing target epitope for the development of new vaccines. Here, a cell‐free multi‐enzyme cascade was developed to synthetize nucleotide‐activated glycerol from the inexpensive and readily available substrates cytidine and glycerol. The cascade comprises five recombinant enzymes expressed in Escherichia coli that were purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. As part of the cascade, ATP is regenerated in situ from polyphosphate to reduce synthesis costs. The enzymatic cascade was characterized at the laboratory scale, and the products were analyzed by high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography (HPAEC)‐UV and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). After the successful synthesis had been confirmed, a design‐of‐experiments approach was used to screen for optimal operation conditions (temperature, pH value and MgCl2 concentration). Overall, a substrate conversion of 89 % was achieved with respect to the substrate cytidine.
Single Crystals of Insoluble Porous Salicylimine Cages
Authors: Holsten Mattes , Elbert Sven M. , Rominger Frank , Zhang Wen‐Shan , Schröder Rasmus R. , Mastalerz Michael
Published: August 2023

Porous organic cages (POCs) are meanwhile an established class of porous materials. Most of them are soluble to a certain extend and thus processable in or from solution. However, a few of larger salicylimine cages were reported to be insoluble in any organic solvents and thus characterized as amorphous materials. These cages were now synthesized as single‐crystalline materials to get insight into packing motifs and preferred intermolecular interactions. Furthermore, the pairs of crystalline and amorphous materials for each cage allowed to compare their gas‐sorption properties in both morphological states.
Massively Parallel Sequencing of the Mitogenome from Human Hair Shafts in Forensic Investigations
Authors: Korber Jade T. , Canale Lauren C. , Holland Mitchell M.
Published: August 2023

This article highlights methods used to perform DNA extraction, mitochondrial DNA quantification, multiplex PCR amplification, amplicon‐based massively parallel sequencing, and data analysis of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) from human hair shafts. The focus is on applications to forensic casework, but this set of protocols can be used for any purpose involving small cuttings (as small as 1 to 5 mm) of human hair shafts up to 40 years from the time of collection. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Extraction of mitochondrial DNA from human hair shafts

Basic Protocol 2: Quantification of mitochondrial DNA (copies/μl)

Basic Protocol 3: Multiplex amplification of the mitogenome

Basic Protocol 4: Library preparation and sequencing of mitogenome amplicons

Basic Protocol 5: Data analysis of mitogenome haplotypes
Corporate governance, policies, and outcomes: The appointment of military connected boards and sustainability
Authors: Jaroenjitrkam Anutchanat , Maneenop Sakkakom , Treepongkaruna Sirimon
Published: August 2023

This paper explores whether a military connected board is an effective corporate governance mechanism, leading to sustainable corporate policies and outcomes. Appointing military‐experienced directors could be a firm's good and ethical business strategy if it positively influences firms' decision making process and eventually outcomes. Relying on over 6800 firm‐year observations over the period of 2000–2018 in the Thai stock market, we find military connected boards mis‐utilize firms' resources, representing a weakening governance mechanism―in line with agency cost theory. Specifically, firms with military officials on their boards are highly levered, keep low cash reserves, pay low dividends, but underinvest, and historically underperformed. However, we find a positive relationship between military connected boards and firm value, measured by Tobin's Q, representing potential future growth and supporting resource dependency hypothesis. Although backward‐looking analyses point toward irresponsible and unsustainable corporate policies which ultimately destroy corporate outcomes, forward‐looking evidence sees a good use of military connected board members in bidding on the government's projects.
The genetic communication and interaction between chronic kidney diseases and frailty
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Gu Xuchao , Zhang Yuxin , Bao Zhijun
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing due to the global ageing trend. Despite significant advancements in understanding the mechanisms of CKD, little research has focused on the prevention and treatment of associated complications such as frailty. In this review, we provide a summary of the current Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of kidney diseases based on the unique genetic characteristics of kidneys and a review of the impact of metabolites associated with inflammageing on frailty and CKD. Additionally, the role of circadian rhythm in the intrinsic relationship between kidney and skeletal muscle has also been explored. This article offers insights into the potential communications and interactions between CKD and frailty to facilitate the current clinical treatments and improve the life quality for frail elderly individuals in coexistence of CKD.
The effect of plasma cortisol on hippocampal atrophy and clinical progression in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: White Silke , Mauer René , Lange Catharina , Klimecki Olga , Huijbers Willem , Wirth Miranka ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Both elevated cortisol and hippocampal volume have been linked to an increased risk for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This longitudinal study assessed the effects of plasma cortisol on hippocampal atrophy and clinical progression rates in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods

Patients with amnestic MCI (n = 304) were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) based on availability of baseline plasma cortisol and hippocampal volume measures, assessed at baseline and during follow‐ups. We investigated associations between plasma cortisol, hippocampal volume, and risk of clinical progression to AD over a study period of up to 100 months (mean follow‐up time 36.8 months) using linear mixed models, Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan‐Meier estimators.

Results

Plasma cortisol predicted greater hippocampal atrophy, such that participants with higher cortisol showed faster decline in hippocampal volume over time (interaction: β = ‐0.15, p = 0.004). Small hippocampal volume predicted a higher risk of clinical progression to AD (haard ratio [HR] = 2.15; confidence in terval [CI], 1.64–2.80; p < 0.001). A similar effect was not found for cortisol (HR = 1.206; CI, 0.82–1.37; p = 0.670) and there was no statistical evidence for an interaction between hippocampal volume and cortisol on clinical progression (HR = 0.81; CI, 0.57–0.17; p = 0.260).

Discussion

Our findings suggest that higher cortisol predicts higher hippocampal atrophy, which in turn is a risk factor for progression to AD. Regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis through stress‐reducing lifestyle interventions might be a protective factor against hippocampal degeneration at the prodromal stage of AD.
Shift from older‐ to newer‐generation antiseizure medications in people with acute ischemic stroke in Australia: A population‐based study
Authors: Kim Stella Jung‐Hyun , Wood Stephen , Marquina Clara , Foster Emma , Bell J. Simon , Ilomäki Jenni
Published: August 2023

Objective

To investigate the trends in antiseizure medications (ASMs) use following ischemic stroke and to examine factors associated with use of newer‐ and older‐generation ASMs.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using state‐wide linked health datasets. Patients who were hospitalized with a first‐ever ischemic stroke between 2013 and 2017 and were dispensed ASM within 12 months from discharge were included. Logistic regression was used to examine the predictors of receiving newer‐generation ASMs. Generalized linear modeling was used to identify factors associated with ASM use after ischemic stroke.

Results

Of 19 601 people hospitalized with a first‐ever ischemic stroke, 989 were dispensed an ASM within 12 months from discharge. The most prevalent first ASMs were levetiracetam (38.0%), valproate (25.8%), and carbamazepine (10.3%). Most people were dispensed ASM monotherapy (86.9%). There was a shift toward the use of newer‐generation ASMs between 2013 and 2017 (odds ratio [OR] 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.92–4.16). Metropolitan residents were more likely to be dispensed newer‐generation ASMs as a first‐line treatment (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.31–2.45). People over 85 years (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.23–0.64), with dementia (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19–0.63) and psychotic comorbidities (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.96) were less likely to be dispensed newer‐generation ASMs. Older age (coefficient [β] 0.23, P = 0.030), history of beta blocker use (β 0.17, P = 0.029), multiple ASMs (β 0.78, P < 0.001), and newer‐generation ASM (β 0.23, P = 0.001) were associated with higher defined daily dose (DDD) of ASM whereas female sex and being married were associated with lower DDD.

Significance

There has been a shift toward newer‐generation ASMs for poststroke seizures and epilepsy. Concerningly, vulnerable patient groups were more likely to be dispensed older‐generation ASMs. This may lead to unnecessary exposure to adverse events and drug–drug interactions. Further research is needed to evaluate comparative effectiveness and safety of newer‐ and older‐generation ASMs in poststroke populations.
A comprehensive review of the therapeutic potential of cyanobacterial marine bioactives: Unveiling the hidden treasures of the sea
Authors: Nawaz Taufiq , Gu Liping , Fahad Shah , Saud Shah , Jiang Zhaoyu , Hassan Shah , Harrison Matthew Tom , Liu Ke , Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Liu Haitao , El‐Kahtany Khaled , Wu Chao , Zhu Mo , Zhou Ruanbao
Published: August 2023

Marine cyanobacterial bioactives, due to their diverse chemistry and promising pharmacological properties, hold significant potential as therapeutic agents. Here, we comprehensively review the scientific state‐of‐the‐art relating to marine cyanobacterial bioactives, including bioprospecting, preclinical and clinical studies, mechanisms of action, safety and toxicity considerations, sustainability, and conservation. We discuss challenges in and opportunities for developing marine cyanobacterial bioactives as therapeutics; we underscore their potential in treating life‐threatening health ailments, such as cancer and neurodegenerative, inflammatory and viral diseases. We further articulate the significant potential of marine cyanobacterial bioactives for improving human health, and identify future research directions underpinning their development as therapeutics.
Toward Sustainable Composites: Graphene‐Modified Jute Fiber Composites with Bio‐Based Epoxy Resin
Authors: Islam Mohammad Hamidul , Afroj Shaila , Karim Nazmul
Published: August 2023

Sustainable natural fiber reinforced composites have attracted significant interest due to the growing environmental concerns with conventional synthetic fiber as well as petroleum‐based resins. One promising approach to reducing the large carbon footprint of petroleum‐based resins is the use of bio‐based thermoset resins. However, current fiber‐reinforced bio‐based epoxy composites exhibit relatively lower mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural strength, and modulus, which limits their wider application. Here the fabrication of high‐performance composites using jute fibers is reported, modified with graphene nanoplates (GNP) and graphene oxide (GO), and reinforced with bio‐based epoxy resin. It is demonstrated that physical and chemical treatments of jute fibers significantly improve their fiber volume fraction (Vf) and matrix adhesion, leading to enhanced mechanical properties of the resulting Jute/Bio‐epoxy (J/BE) composites. Furthermore, the incorporation of GNP and GO further increases the tensile and flexural strength of the J/BE composites. The study reveals the potential of graphene‐based jute fiber‐reinforced composites with bio‐based epoxy resin as a sustainable and high‐performance material for a wide range of applications. This work contributes to the development of sustainable composites that have the potential to reduce the negative environmental impact of conventional materials while also offering improved mechanical properties.
Single‐subject cortical morphological brain networks across the adult lifespan
Authors: Ruan Jingxuan , Wang Ningkai , Li Junle , Wang Jing , Zou Qihong , Lv Yating , Zhang Han , Wang Jinhui
Published: August 2023

Age‐related changes in focal cortical morphology have been well documented in previous literature; however, how interregional coordination patterns of the focal cortical morphology reorganize with advancing age is not well established. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the topological changes in single‐subject morphological brain networks across the adult lifespan. Specifically, we constructed four types of single‐subject morphological brain networks for 650 participants (aged from 18 to 88 years old), and characterized their topological organization using graph‐based network measures. Age‐related changes in the network measures were examined via linear, quadratic, and cubic models. We found profound age‐related changes in global small‐world attributes and efficiency, local nodal centralities, and interregional similarities of the single‐subject morphological brain networks. The age‐related changes were mainly embodied in cortical thickness networks, involved in frontal regions and highly connected hubs, concentrated on short‐range connections, characterized by linear changes, and susceptible to connections between limbic, frontoparietal, and ventral attention networks. Intriguingly, nonlinear (i.e., quadratic or cubic) age‐related changes were frequently found in the insula and limbic regions, and age‐related cubic changes preferred long‐range morphological connections. Finally, we demonstrated that the morphological similarity in cortical thickness between two frontal regions mediated the relationship between age and cognition measured by Cattell scores. Taken together, these findings deepen our understanding of adaptive changes of the human brain with advancing age, which may account for interindividual variations in behaviors and cognition.
Graded diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection using hyperspectral images of gastric juice
Authors: Tian Chongxuan , Hao Di , Ma Mingjun , Zhuang Ji , Mu Yijun , Zhang Zhanhao , Zhao Xin , Lu Yushan , Zuo Xiuli , Li Wei
Published: August 2023

Helicobacter pylori is a potential underlying cause of many diseases. Although the Carbon 13 breath test is considered the gold standard for detection, it is high cost and low public accessibility in certain areas limit its widespread use. In this study, we sought to use machine learning and deep learning algorithm models to classify and diagnose H. pylori infection status. We used hyperspectral imaging system to gather gastric juice images and then retrieved spectral feature information between 400 and 1000 nm. Two different data processing methods were employed, resulting in the establishment of one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) datasets. In the binary classification task, the random forest model achieved a prediction accuracy of 83.27% when learning features from 1D data, with a specificity of 84.56% and a sensitivity of 92.31%. In the ternary classification task, the ResNet model learned from 2D data and achieved a classification accuracy of 91.48%.
Burosumab Improves Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adults With Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: Jan de Beur Suzanne M , Cimms Tricia , Nixon Annabel , Theodore-Oklota Christina , Luca Diana , Roberts Mary Scott , Egan Shayna , Graham Christina A , Hribal Elizabeth , Evans Christopher J , Wood Sue , Williams Angela
Published: August 2023

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an ultra-rare disease caused by tumors that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23, leading to chronic hypophosphatemia, poor skeletal health, and impaired physical function. In a phase 2 trial (UX023T-CL201; NCT02304367; n = 14), 48 weeks of burosumab treatment restored phosphate homeostasis, with improvements in skeletal health, functional mobility, and patient-reported pain, fatigue, and health-related quality of life (HRQL) (SF-36 v2). Here, we report an exploratory mixed-methods analysis of change from baseline after 144 weeks of burosumab treatment alongside qualitative data from exit interviews with 8 of 14 trial participants to evaluate meaningful treatment effects from a patient perspective. The interview subset (n = 8) reported pain and fatigue and compromised HRQL at baseline. In the interviews, participants reported that compromised HRQL and pain were the most important aspects of the disease to treat; both were considered more bothersome than fatigue and compromised physical function and activities of daily living. Improvements in pain and fatigue after treatment were reported, some of which achieved statistically and/or clinically meaningful thresholds. Furthermore, improvements in SF-36 v2 scores were most pronounced in the Physical Component Score and its Physical Function and Bodily Pain domains. Overall, the interview subset provided descriptions of symptomatic improvement and its clinical meaningfulness, including physical function, participation in activities of daily living, and mental well-being. Thus, this exploratory mixed-methods analysis provides deeper understanding of patients' perception of clinical meaningfulness beyond that articulated in validated patient-reported outcome instruments. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Fracture Risk in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa Over a 40-Year Period
Authors: Søeby Mette , Gribsholt Sigrid Bjerge , Clausen Loa , Richelsen Bjørn
Published: August 2023

Researchers have reported increased fracture risk in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), but more knowledge on the long-term risk and the effects of age, male sex, and time-related changes is still needed. We examined the long-term (up to 40 years) fracture risk among patients with AN compared to a matched comparison cohort from the general population. We utilized data from the Danish Health Care Registers to identify 14,414 patients with AN (13,474 females and 940 males) diagnosed between 1977 and 2018, with a median age of 18.6 years and median follow-up time of 9.65 years. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression analysis for overall and site-specific fracture risks. The overall aHR of any fracture was 1.46 [95% CI: 1.36 to 1.48], with an aHR of 1.50 [95% CI: 1.43 to 1.57] for females and 0.95 [95% CI: 0.82 to 1.1] for males. For specific fractures we found an association with femur fractures both in females 4.06 [95% CI: 3.39 to 4.46] and in males 2.79 [95% CI: 1.45 to 2.37] and for fractures of the spine (females 2.38 [95% CI: 2.00 to 2.84], males 2.31 [95% CI: 1.20 to 4.42]). The aHR of any fracture decreased from 1.66 [95% CI: 1.52 to 1.81] in the period from 1977 to 1997 to 1.40 [95% CI: 1.33 to 1.40] from 1998 to 2018. In conclusion, we found that AN was associated with a 46% increased risk of any fracture up to 40 years after diagnosis. We found no overall increased risk in males, but in both sexes we found a particularly high site-specific fracture risk in the spine and femur. Fracture risk decreased in recent decades, indicating that more patients with AN have been diagnosed with presumably less severe disease and that the earlier detection and intervention of AN in recent years may translate into a lower facture risk. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Assessment of Hidden Blood Loss in Spinal Metastasis Surgery: A Comprehensive Approach with MRI‐Based Radiomics Models
Authors: Zhao Weili , Qin Siyuan , Wang Qizheng , Chen Yongye , Liu Ke , Xin Peijin , Lang Ning
Published: August 2023

Background

Patients undergoing surgery for spinal metastasis are predisposed to hidden blood loss (HBL), which is associated with poor surgical outcomes but unpredictable.

Purpose

To evaluate the role of MRI‐based radiomics models for assess the risk of HBL in patients undergoing spinal metastasis surgery.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Subjects

202 patients (42.6% female) operated on for spinal metastasis with a mean age of 58 ± 11 years were divided into a training (n = 162) and a validation cohort (n = 40).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T or 3.0T scanners. Sagittal T1‐weighted and fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted imaging sequences.

Assessment

HBL was calculated using the Gross formula. Patients were classified as low and high HBL group, with 1000 mL as the threshold. Radiomics models were constructed with radiomics features. The radiomics score (Radscore) was obtained from the optimal radiomics model. Clinical variables were accessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Independent risk variables were used to build a clinical model. Clinical variables combined with Radscore were used to establish a combined model.

Statistical Tests

Predictive performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score. Calibration curves and decision curves analyses were produced to evaluate the accuracy and clinical utility.

Results

Among the radiomics models, the fusion (T1WI + FS‐T2WI) model demonstrated the highest predictive efficacy (AUC: 0.744, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.576–0.914). The Radscore model (AUC: 0.809, 95% CI: 0.664–0.954) performs slightly better than the clinical model (AUC: 0.721, 95% CI: 0.524–0.918; P = 0.418) and the combined model (AUC: 0.752, 95% CI: 0.593–0.911; P = 0.178).

Data Conclusion

A radiomics model may serve as a promising assessment tool for the risk of HBL in patients undergoing spinal metastasis surgery, and guide perioperative planning to improve surgical outcomes.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Creative Achievement of Eminent Scientists in Tang and Song Dynasties of China: A Historiometric Study
Authors: Yi Xinfa , Hong Peiling , Chen Pengfei , Bai Xinyang , Li Sijia , Qi Senqing , Runco Mark A.
Published: August 2023

The creative achievements of eminent genius in Chinese history are of enormous interest. There is, however, uncertainty about the accurate measurement of eminence and creativity. The most tenable measurement approach is historiometric. Nearly all historiometric research on eminence and creative achievement has involved Western samples. The present investigation used historiometry to test two hypotheses about creative achievement with Eastern samples. These point to developmental adversity (DA) and the “madness‐to‐genius link” thought to facilitate unusual cognitive patterns and thus a creative capacity. Here, historiometric methods were applied to a sample of 55 eminent scientists in the Chinese Tang and Song dynasties. DA and mental illness did not significantly predict Chinese scientists' creative outcomes. Other diversifying experiences, such as religious beliefs, migration, and role model mentors, had a positive relationship with eminence and creative achievement. The Tang and Song dynasties had different religious structures, so religion had a different impact on the creative achievements of scientists. In the Tang Dynasty, religion could positively predict the creative achievements of scientists, while in the Song Dynasty it could not. These findings warrant further research using other eminent creators in Chinese history.
Mitigating the negative emotions of employees in times of crisis: The role of workplace spirituality and employees' creative adaptability
Authors: Quy Hoang Thi Kim , Tran Mai Dong , Dinh Tien Minh
Published: August 2023

An employee's negative emotions may have negative effects on organizational outcomes, especially in times of crisis events such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our research aims to examine how workplace spirituality and creative adaptability reduce employees' negative emotions in the aviation industry in times of crisis. This study conducted a cross‐sectional survey among participants from aviation companies and analyzed the data through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). The results revealed that workplace spirituality was negatively associated with negative emotions among employees in the aviation industry. The finding further demonstrated the positive nexus between workplace spirituality and creative adaptability. Interestingly, in contrast to our expectations, creative adaptability was found to be positively linked to the negative emotions of employees.
Ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus plantarumCCFM8661 on oleic acid‐induced acne: integrated gut microbiota link to acne pathogenesis
Authors: Ai Jian , Ma Weiwei , Pan Zhenghao , Mao Bingyong , Tang Xin , Zhang Qiuxiang , Zhao Jianxin , Chen Wei , Cui Shumao
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit of the skin that has serious adverse effects on the physical and mental health of patients. Probiotics are extensively employed in dermatology and could be an alternative option for acne therapy. Here, we evaluated the effect of oral ingestion of live and inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661 on oleic acid‐induced acne using a mouse model.

RESULTS

Results indicated that live L. plantarum CCFM8661 suppressed skin inflammation and serum hormone (insulin and testosterone) production in acne mice. Parallelly, live L. plantarum CCFM8661 effectively reduced the formation of skin lipids (triglycerides and non‐esterified free fatty acids), and normalized the expression of skin lipid metabolism‐related genes (PPAR‐γ, SREBP‐1c, ACCα, FASN, PPAR‐α, ACOX1, HSL and ATGL). In comparison, inactivated L. plantarum CCFM8661 had no effect on skin inflammation or serum hormone secretion, but decreased skin triglycerides and normalized the expression of skin lipid metabolism‐related genes (PPAR‐γ, SREBP‐1c, FASN and ATGL) in acne mice. Both live and inactivated L. plantarum CCFM8661 raised the richness of gut microbiota, reduced the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes and decreased the relative abundance of Staphylococcus in the feces of acne mice.

CONCLUSION

Oral ingestion of L. plantarum CCFM8661, particularly live cells, could alleviate acne by suppressing skin inflammation, normalizing the metabolism of hormones and skin lipids, which may be achieved by improving the gut microbial ecosystem. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Application of combined Box–Behnken design with response surface methodology and desirability function in optimizing pectin extraction from fruit peels
Authors: Haque SK Manirul
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to extract pectin from various fruit peels, namely apple, orange, green citron, and pomegranate, and to evaluate the effects of various experimental conditions. The extraction was conducted at temperatures of 50–90 °C, with a solid‐liquid ratio of 0.03–0.08 g/mL, for 120–180 min. The Box–Behnken design was applied in a three‐level and four‐factor factorial approach, including 29 experiments for each extraction, with varying conditions. The interaction effects were investigated. Each experiment's conditions were optimized.

RESULTS

The percentage yield varied (11.70–37.37%). The maximum yield was found in apples, whereas the lowest was in pomegranates.

CONCLUSION

Under optimized experimental conditions,high‐quality pectin was extracted from pomegranate, orange, green citron, and apple peel waste. The extract was considered to be high methyl ester pectin with a degree of esterification greater than 50% and with an Anhydrouronic acid (AUA) content greater than 65%. The peel pectin that was studied could therefore be a food additive with numerous uses. The procedure developed here reuses waste resources effectively and contributes to a novel concept for exploring natural assets for use in food and pharmaceutical applications. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploring Asymmetric Fine Motor Impairment Trends in Early Parkinson's Disease via Keystroke Typing
Authors: Holmes Ashley A. , Matarazzo Michele , Mondesire‐Crump Ijah , Katz Emily , Mahajan Rahul , Arroyo‐Gallego Teresa
Published: August 2023

Background

The nQiMechPD algorithm transforms natural typing data into a numerical index that characterizes motor impairment in people with Parkinson's Disease (PwPD).

Objectives

Use nQiMechPD to compare asymmetrical progression of PD‐related impairment in dominant (D‐PD) versus non‐dominant side onset (ND‐PD) de‐novo patients.

Methods

Keystroke data were collected from 53 right‐handed participants (15 D‐PD, 13 ND‐PD, 25 controls). We apply linear mixed effects modeling to evaluate participants’ right, left, and both hands nQiMechPD relative change by group.

Results

The 6‐month nQiMechPD trajectories of right (**P = 0.002) and both (*P = 0.043) hands showed a significant difference in nQiMechPD trends between D‐PD and ND‐PD participants. Left side trends were not significantly different between these two groups (P = 0.328).

Conclusions

Significant differences between D‐PD and ND‐PD groups were observed, likely driven by contrasting dominant hand trends. Our findings suggest disease onset side may influence motor impairment progression, medication response, and functional outcomes in PwPD.
Educational quality of YouTube content on brachial plexus injury and treatment
Authors: Mendiratta Dhruv , Liggio Daniel F. , Levidy Michael F. , Mahajan Jasmine , Chu Alice , McGrath Aleksandra
Published: August 2023

Introduction

While surgical literature exists on birth‐related brachial plexus injury (BPI), there are not validated sources of information on BPI for patients, which can impact patient autonomy and decision‐making. With YouTube as a popular source for patients to research diagnoses, this study aims to evaluate the quality of information regarding BPI and its treatment available on the platform.

Materials and Methods

BPI YouTube videos were screened independently by two reviewers. Videos were categorized by source: (1) academic, government, and non‐profit organizations; (2) private practices, companies, and for‐profit organizations; (3) independent users. Each video was evaluated for reliability, credibility, and quality using the modified DISCERN criteria (scale, 0–5), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) criteria (scale, 0–4), and Global Quality Scale (GQS; scale, 1–5). Surgical treatment videos were analyzed by the senior author using a modified “treatment” DISCERN criteria (scale, 8–40). Non‐English videos were excluded from this study. Analysis of variance tests were used to compare means.

Results

One hundred and fifteen videos were selected for final analysis. The mean modified DISCERN score was 3.26; JAMA was 2.31; GQS was 3.48. Videos were subdivided according to source. Group 1, 2, and 3 had 45, 24, and 46 videos, respectively. Modified DISCERN score was greater for Group 1 than Group 2 (3.58 vs. 3.04, p < .001) and Group 3 (3.58 vs. 3.07, p < .001). JAMA score was greater for Group 1 than Group 2 (2.63 vs 2.15, p = .041) and Group 3 (2.63 vs. 2.08, p = .002). GQS score was greater for Group 1 than Group 2 (3.93 vs. 3.31, p = .031) and Group 3 (3.93 vs. 3.13, p < .001). Of the 34 videos (44.7%) that mentioned treatment, the DISCERN score was 14.32.

Conclusion

The videos analyzed were found to have moderate reliability, credibility, and quality. The reliability of information regarding treatments for BPI was poor. Healthcare providers should supply additional information on treatment of BPI.
Long‐term safety and functional outcomes of delandistrogene moxeparvovec gene therapy in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A phase 1/2a nonrandomized trial
Authors: Mendell Jerry R. , Sahenk Zarife , Lehman Kelly J. , Lowes Linda P. , Reash Natalie F. , Iammarino Megan A. , Alfano Lindsay N. , Lewis Sarah , Church Kathleen , Shell Richard , Potter Rachael A. , Griffin Danielle A. , Hogan Mark , Wang Shufang , Mason Stefanie , Darton Eddie , Rodino‐Klapac Louise R.
Published: August 2023

Introduction/Aims

Delandistrogene moxeparvovec is indicated in the United States for the treatment of ambulatory pediatric patients aged 4 through 5 years with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with a confirmed mutation in the DMD gene. Long‐term delandistrogene moxeparvovec microdystrophin protein (a shortened dystrophin that retains key functional domains of the wild‐type protein) expression may positively alter disease progression in patients with DMD. We evaluated long‐term safety and functional outcomes of delandistrogene moxeparvovec in patients with DMD.

Methods

An open‐label, phase 1/2a, nonrandomized controlled trial (Study 101; NCT03375164) enrolled ambulatory males, ≥4 to <8 years old, with DMD. Patients received a single intravenous infusion (2.0 × 1014 vg/kg by supercoiled quantitative polymerase chain reaction) of delandistrogene moxeparvovec and prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) 1 day before to 30 days after treatment. The primary endpoint was safety. Functional outcomes were change from baseline in North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) and timed function tests.

Results

Four patients (mean age, 5.1 years) were enrolled. There were 18 treatment‐related adverse events; all occurred within 70 days posttreatment and resolved. Mean NSAA total score increased from 20.5 to 27.5, baseline to year 4, with a mean (standard deviation) change of +7.0 (2.9). Post hoc analysis demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful 9‐point difference in NSAA score, relative to a propensity‐score–weighted external control cohort (least‐squares mean [standard error] = 9.4 [3.4]; P = .0125).

Discussion

Gene transfer therapy with delandistrogene moxeparvovec treatment is well tolerated, with a favorable safety profile. Functional improvements are sustained through 4 years, suggesting delandistrogene moxeparvovec may positively alter disease progression.
Using otolith microchemistry to determine natal origin of Black Sea Bass off the coast of Maine
Authors: Koob Elise R. , Kerr Lisa A. , Mandelman John W. , Armstrong Michael P.
Published: August 2023

Objective

A recent expansion of the northern stock of Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata into the northern Gulf of Maine raises questions about this species’ movement and population dynamics in this region. Determining the origin of these fish is essential, as dramatic changes in migration patterns or current population boundaries could have profound effects on stock assessment estimates and subsequent management regulations.

Methods

In this study, we measured otolith core concentrations of stable isotopes (δ18O, δ13C) and trace element:calcium ratios (Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Cu:Ca, Zn:Ca, Ba:Ca, Sr:Ca) to assess the natal origin of Black Sea Bass that were caught off the coast of Maine. Spawning condition adults from southern New England (SNE) and the mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) were used to characterize the chemical fingerprint of these known spawning regions.

Result

Unique chemical fingerprints were identified for fish from SNE and the MAB, with high reclassification success using random forest analysis (16% error rate). The classification of Black Sea Bass of unknown origin that were caught in Maine waters indicated that 85% of the samples matched to SNE and 13% to the MAB, whereas one sample remained unclassified.

Conclusion

Results from this study support the current management population separation of the northern stock of Black Sea Bass between SNE and the MAB and lends additional information to the understanding of this species’ movement into the northern Gulf of Maine. As fish stocks around the world continue to shift into new regions due to climate change, knowledge of their natal origin will be critical to long-term sustainable management of this species.
Five‐year trend of antipsychotic prescription practices in a district Hospital in Ghana: A retrospective study
Authors: Daliri Dennis Bomansang , Afaya Agani , Laari Timothy Tienbia , Fredrick Adiak , Ankamah Ama Gaynor , Annan Susana , Abagye Nancy
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Antipsychotics are the mainstay treatment for psychotic conditions. Their prescription, however, should come with some caution since the consequences of their side effects can be dire for the patient receiving the prescription. Because of inadequate experts in low‐middle‐income countries, non‐experts are trained through the Mental Health Gap Action Program (MHGAP) to reduce the treatment gap. This retrospective study analyzed the trend of antipsychotic prescriptions in a district hospital where mental health services are delivered by non‐experts.

Methodology

This was a retrospective descriptive study that gathered data between 2015 and 2019 from the electronic database of the hospital. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20. We reported the descriptive statistics of our findings in the form of frequencies and percentages.

Results

There was a year‐on‐year increase in antipsychotic prescriptions over the study period. Starting with 48.1% in 2015 to 56.4% in 2019. The main condition for which antipsychotics were prescribed was psychosis (58.6%), followed by substance use disorder (SUD) (26%). Patients with age ≥ 50 received the most prescription of antipsychotics. Starting from 2015, there was a high percentage of typical antipsychotic prescriptions (90.14%) with atypical antipsychotics being 9.86% and by 2019 atypical antipsychotic prescriptions had shot up to 74.8%. Polypharmacy prescription rate was 8.1% over the study period.

Conclusion

Antipsychotics are essential in the treatment of psychosis and other mental health conditions. Prescribers need to know more about these drugs to prescribe them appropriately and to minimize the likelihood of side effects among patients who use these drugs.
Geophysical surveys and satellite imaging for the evaluation of near‐surface terrain dynamic – A case study on Grand Portage, MN, USA
Authors: Lee Jeongki , Fratta Dante
Published: August 2023

Flooding, erosion and increases in the water level in Lake Superior have contributed to changes in the stem location and width of the Grand Portage Creek. Those events threaten parts of the Grand Portage National Monument, a historically significant site on the North Shore of Lake Superior, Minnesota. We performed geophysical surveys to investigate these dynamic effects. We studied the near‐surface geological deposits, the mechanisms associated with creek stem dynamics and sediment transport, as well as deposition along the lakeshore in Grand Portage Bay. We deployed ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), sub‐bottom profiler, side scan sonar, Geoprobe coring and Van Veen grab samplers and evaluated time‐lapse satellite images to assess the interaction of the Grand Portage Creek with the Grand Portage Bay. The onshore GPR surveys next to the national monument, the creek and the shoreline showed the presence of a complex deposition with eroded ground surfaces and sediment layers across the creek valley. Results from the offshore geophysical campaigns and the interpretations of satellite images also document a heterogeneous deposition sequence environment with fine‐grained sediment deposits present south and southwest of the creek mouth. In addition, we documented an exposed boulder bed towards the east of the creek mouth that was exposed by the current and wave‐driven erosion process in the Grand Portage Bay. Time‐lapse satellite images and hydraulic current velocity simulations validate these observations and provide insight into how anthropogenic activities and natural events interact and might contribute to the long‐term stability of a site of historical and cultural importance.