bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Article 12: Prospective Feminist Lessons against the “Will and Preferences” Paradigm
Authors: Kong Camillia
Published: November 2015

Human rights have recently impacted on current conceptualisations of the rights and obligations owed to individuals with impairments, culminating in the UN Convention for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Particularly significant is Article 12, where interpretations have heralded a “will and preferences” paradigm which rejects substituted decision-making mechanisms, even in situations where an individual should make personally harmful or unwise decisions about their treatment, care, or relationships. This paper explores problems with “strict” and “flexible” interpretations of Article 12, focusing specifically on safeguarding issues in cases of relational abuse, exploitation, and coercion. Drawing analogies with feminist arguments opposing violence against women in the domestic sphere, I challenge the private/public and individualistic account of autonomy which is implicit in interpretations of the “will and preferences” paradigm, and suggest that proponents of Article 12 should consider the possible justifiability of expanded protectionist measures in cases of abuse involving individuals with impairments.
Hydrogen Sulfide in Physiology and Diseases of the Digestive Tract
Authors: Singh Sudha , Lin Henry
Published: November 2015

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a Janus-faced molecule. On one hand, several toxic functions have been attributed to H2S and exposure to high levels of this gas is extremely hazardous to health. On the other hand, H2S delivery based clinical therapies are being developed to combat inflammation, visceral pain, oxidative stress related tissue injury, thrombosis and cancer. Since its discovery, H2S has been found to have pleiotropic effects on physiology and health. H2S is a gasotransmitter that exerts its effect on different systems, such as gastrointestinal, neuronal, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and hepatic systems. In the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to H2S production by mammalian cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE), H2S is also generated by the metabolic activity of resident gut microbes, mainly by colonic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) via a dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR) pathway. In the gut, H2S regulates functions such as inflammation, ischemia/ reperfusion injury and motility. H2S derived from gut microbes has been found to be associated with gastrointestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and irritable bowel syndrome. This underscores the importance of gut microbes and their production of H2S on host physiology and pathophysiology.
Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Shin Dayeon , Lee Kyung , Song Won
Published: November 2015

Maternal dietary patterns before and during pregnancy play important roles in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to identify dietary patterns during pregnancy that are associated with GDM risk in pregnant U.S. women. From a 24 h dietary recall of 253 pregnant women (16–41 years) included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2012, food items were aggregated into 28 food groups based on Food Patterns Equivalents Database. Three dietary patterns were identified by reduced rank regression with responses including prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), dietary fiber, and ratio of poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acid: “high refined grains, fats, oils and fruit juice”, “high nuts, seeds, fat and soybean; low milk and cheese”, and “high added sugar and organ meats; low fruits, vegetables and seafood”. GDM was diagnosed using fasting plasma glucose levels ≥5.1 mmol/L for gestation <24 weeks. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for GDM, after controlling for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, family poverty income ratio, marital status, prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, energy intake, physical activity, and log-transformed C-reactive protein (CRP). All statistical analyses accounted for the appropriate survey design and sample weights of the NHANES. Of 249 pregnant women, 34 pregnant women (14%) had GDM. Multivariable AOR (95% CIs) of GDM for comparisons between the highest vs. lowest tertiles were 4.9 (1.4–17.0) for “high refined grains, fats, oils and fruit juice” pattern, 7.5 (1.8–32.3) for “high nuts, seeds, fat and soybean; low milk and cheese” pattern, and 22.3 (3.9–127.4) for “high added sugar and organ meats; low fruits, vegetables and seafood” pattern after controlling for maternal sociodemographic variables, prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain, energy intake and log-transformed CRP. These findings suggest that dietary patterns during pregnancy are associated with risk of GDM after controlling for potential confounders. The observed connection between a high consumption of refined grains, fat, added sugars and low intake of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy with higher odds for GDM, are consistent with general health benefits of healthy diets, but warrants further research to understand underlying pathophysiology of GDM associated with dietary behaviors during pregnancy.
Association between Dietary Patterns and Atopic Dermatitis in Relation to GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms in Young Children
Authors: Chung Jayong , Kwon Sung-Ok , Ahn Hyogin , Hwang Hyojung , Hong Soo-Jong , Oh Se-Young
Published: November 2015

Previous research suggests the association of glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms or diet, but no interactions between these factors in atopic dermatitis (AD). We conducted a community-based case-control study including 194 AD and 244 matched non-AD preschoolers. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) present/null genotypes were evaluated uisng a multiplex PCR method. We measured dietary intakes by a validated food frequency questionnaire and constructed three dietary patterns such as “traditional healthy”, “animal foods”, and “sweets” diets. In stratified analyses by GST genotypes, the “traditional healthy” diet and reduced AD showed association only in the GSTM1-present group (odd ratio (OR) 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.75). A similar pattern of the association existed in the combined GSTM1/T1 genotype that indicated the inverse association between the “traditional healthy” diet and AD in the double GSTM1/T1-present genotype group (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.06–0.93). Results from the multiplicative test analyses showed that the “traditional healthy” diet on reduced AD was significant or borderline significant in the GSTM1-present group (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.92 vs. GSTM1-null group) or the GSTM1/T1 double present group (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–1.03 vs. GSTM1/T1 double null group). These findings demonstrate that the present type of GSTM1 may increase susceptibility to the potential effect of the “traditional healthy” diet on AD.
A Priori and a Posteriori Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy and Gestational Weight Gain: The Generation R Study
Authors: Tielemans Myrte , Erler Nicole , Leermakers Elisabeth , Van den Broek Marion , Jaddoe Vincent , Steegers Eric , Kiefte-de Jong Jessica , Franco Oscar
Published: November 2015

Abnormal gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We examined whether dietary patterns are associated with GWG. Participants included 3374 pregnant women from a population-based cohort in the Netherlands. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed with food-frequency questionnaires. Three a posteriori-derived dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis: a “Vegetable, oil and fish”, a “Nuts, high-fiber cereals and soy”, and a “Margarine, sugar and snacks” pattern. The a priori-defined dietary pattern was based on national dietary recommendations. Weight was repeatedly measured around 13, 20 and 30 weeks of pregnancy; pre-pregnancy and maximum weight were self-reported. Normal weight women with high adherence to the “Vegetable, oil and fish” pattern had higher early-pregnancy GWG than those with low adherence (43 g/week (95% CI 16; 69) for highest vs. lowest quartile (Q)). Adherence to the “Margarine, sugar and snacks” pattern was associated with a higher prevalence of excessive GWG (OR 1.45 (95% CI 1.06; 1.99) Q4 vs. Q1). Normal weight women with higher scores on the “Nuts, high-fiber cereals and soy” pattern had more moderate GWG than women with lower scores (−0.01 (95% CI −0.02; −0.00) per SD). The a priori-defined pattern was not associated with GWG. To conclude, specific dietary patterns may play a role in early pregnancy but are not consistently associated with GWG.
Ameliorating Effect of Akebia quinata Fruit Extracts on Skin Aging Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products
Authors: Shin Seoungwoo , Son Dahee , Kim Minkyung , Lee Seungjun , Roh Kyung-Baeg , Ryu Dehun , Lee Jongsung , Jung Eunsun , Park Deokhoon
Published: November 2015

The accumulation of free radicals and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the skin plays a very important role in skin aging. Both are known to interact with each other. Therefore, natural compounds or extracts that possess both antioxidant and antiglycation activities might have great antiageing potential. Akebia quinata fruit extract (AQFE) has been used to treat urinary tract inflammatory disease in traditional Korean and Chinese medicines. In the present study, AQFE was demonstrated to possess antioxidant and antiglycation activity. AQFE protects human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from oxidative stress and inhibits cellular senescence induced by oxidative stress. We also found that AQFE inhibits glycation reaction between BSA and glucose. The antiglycation activity of AQFE was dose-dependent. In addition, the antiglycation activity of AQFE was confirmed in a human skin explant model. AQFE reduced CML expression and stimulated fibrillin-1 expression in comparison to the methyglyoxal treatment. In addition, the possibility of the extract as an anti-skin aging agent has also been clinically validated. Our analysis of the crow’s feet wrinkle showed that there was a decrease in the depth of deep furrows in RI treated with AQFE cream over an eight-week period. The overall results suggest that AQFE may work as an anti-skin aging agent by preventing oxidative stress and other complications associated with AGEs formation.
A Proteomic Study of Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp. Michiganensis Culture Supernatants
Authors: Hiery Eva , Poetsch Ansgar , Moosbauer Tanja , Amin Bushra , Hofmann Jörg , Burkovski Andreas
Published: November 2015

Clavibacter michiganensis, subsp. michiganensis is a Gram-positive plant pathogen infecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Despite a considerable economic importance due to significant losses of infected plants and fruits, knowledge about virulence factors of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and host-pathogen interactions on a molecular level are rather limited. In the study presented here, the proteome of culture supernatants from C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis NCPPB382 was analyzed. In total, 1872 proteins were identified in M9 and 1766 proteins in xylem mimicking medium. Filtration of supernatants before protein precipitation reduced these to 1276 proteins in M9 and 976 proteins in the xylem mimicking medium culture filtrate. The results obtained indicate that C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis reacts to a sucrose- and glucose-depleted medium similar to the xylem sap by utilizing amino acids and host cell polymers as well as their degradation products, mainly peptides, amino acids and various C5 and C6 sugars. Interestingly, the bacterium expresses the previously described virulence factors Pat-1 and CelA not exclusively after host cell contact in planta but already in M9 minimal and xylem mimicking medium.
Religion and Politics: What Does God Have To Do with It?
Authors: Cesari Jocelyne
Published: November 2015

Since 9/11, and even more so with the atrocities committed by ISIS in Iraq and Syria, violence in the name of God is predominantly perceived as a “different” kind of violence, which triggers more “absolute” and radical manifestations than its secular counter parts. In its first part, this article will challenge this so called exceptionalism of religious violence by questioning the neat divide between politics and religion that makes any forms of interactions between the two illegitimate or dangerous. It will look specifically at state actions vis-à-vis religions since the inception of the nation-state and show that the most extreme cases of violence in the name of religion are actually closely associated with specific forms of politicization of religion initiated by “secular” state actors and/or institutions. It argues that the “hegemonic” status granted to a religion by the state is often associated with greater political violence, building on research conducted in Egypt, Turkey, Iraq, and Pakistan.
Recent Developments of Magnetoresistive Sensors for Industrial Applications
Authors: Jogschies Lisa , Klaas Daniel , Kruppe Rahel , Rittinger Johannes , Taptimthong Piriya , Wienecke Anja , Rissing Lutz , Wurz Marc
Published: November 2015

The research and development in the field of magnetoresistive sensors has played an important role in the last few decades. Here, the authors give an introduction to the fundamentals of the anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) and the giant magnetoresistive (GMR) effect as well as an overview of various types of sensors in industrial applications. In addition, the authors present their recent work in this field, ranging from sensor systems fabricated on traditional substrate materials like silicon (Si), over new fabrication techniques for magnetoresistive sensors on flexible substrates for special applications, e.g., a flexible write head for component integrated data storage, micro-stamping of sensors on arbitrary surfaces or three dimensional sensing under extreme conditions (restricted mounting space in motor air gap, high temperatures during geothermal drilling).
Drought Adaptation in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China: Actions, Planning, Pathways and Barriers
Authors: Yang Jianping , Tan Chunping , Wang Shijin , Wang Shengxia , Yang Yuan , Chen Hongju
Published: November 2015

The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NX region) of Northwestern China is threatened by increased meteorological drought induced by climate change (CC) and constraints on water supply from the Yellow River. Thus, the NX region is representative of attempts to adapt to CC and variability in China’s arid regions. Field visits, a questionnaire and in situ inspections were conducted in 2012–2014 to understand people’s perception and awareness of drought and its impact, particularly with respect to adaptation strategies. We mainly focused on drought adaptation actions and planning implemented at the government level under the double pressures of drought and allocation. We described a suitable adaptation pathway for socio-economic sustainable development and discussed existing adaptation barriers. Construction of modern efficient water-saving agriculture lies at the core of drought adaptation, with socio-economic sustainable development being the ultimate goal. To achieve this, policies and institutional, engineering, technological, structural and social initiatives and measures—classified into macro adaptation strategies and specific coping measures—are implemented. Adaptation often encounters obstacles, e.g., policy issues from household contract responsibility systems, funding difficulties of low-income farmers, traditional behavioral habits and low education and literacy levels among farmers. The adaptation pathway involves the construction of modern efficient water-saving agriculture. Agricultural water savings are then transferred to developed industries, which back-feed socio-economic sustainable development in the NX region.
Metabolism of Deoxynivalenol and Deepoxy-Deoxynivalenol in Broiler Chickens, Pullets, Roosters and Turkeys
Authors: Schwartz-Zimmermann Heidi , Fruhmann Philipp , Dänicke Sven , Wiesenberger Gerlinde , Caha Sylvia , Weber Julia , Berthiller Franz
Published: November 2015

Recently, deoxynivalenol-3-sulfate (DON-3-sulfate) was proposed as a major DON metabolite in poultry. In the present work, the first LC-MS/MS based method for determination of DON-3-sulfate, deepoxy-DON-3-sulfate (DOM-3-sulfate), DON, DOM, DON sulfonates 1, 2, 3, and DOM sulfonate 2 in excreta samples of chickens and turkeys was developed and validated. To this end, DOM-3-sulfate was chemically synthesized and characterized by NMR and LC-HR-MS/MS measurements. Application of the method to excreta and chyme samples of four feeding trials with turkeys, chickens, pullets, and roosters confirmed DON-3-sulfate as the major DON metabolite in all poultry species studied. Analogously to DON-3-sulfate, DOM-3-sulfate was formed after oral administration of DOM both in turkeys and in chickens. In addition, pullets and roosters metabolized DON into DOM-3-sulfate. In vitro transcription/translation assays revealed DOM-3-sulfate to be 2000 times less toxic on the ribosome than DON. Biological recoveries of DON and DOM orally administered to broiler chickens, turkeys, and pullets were 74%–106% (chickens), 51%–72% (roosters), and 131%–151% (pullets). In pullets, DON-3-sulfate concentrations increased from jejunum chyme samples to excreta samples by a factor of 60. This result, put into context with earlier studies, indicates fast and efficient absorption of DON between crop and jejunum, conversion to DON-3-sulfate in intestinal mucosa, liver, and possibly kidney, and rapid elimination into excreta via bile and urine.
Two strategies for the synthesis of the biologically important ATP analogue ApppI, at a multi-milligram scale
Authors: Weisell Janne , Vepsäläinen Jouko , Turhanen Petri A
Published: November 2015

Two strategies for the synthesis of the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) analogue ApppI [1-adenosin-5’-yl 3-(3-methylbut-3-enyl)triphosphoric acid diester] (1) are described. ApppI is an active metabolite of the mevalonate pathway and thus is of major biological significance. Chemically synthezised ApppI was purified by using triethylammonium bicarbonate as the counter ion in ion-pair chromatography and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and MS spectroscopical methods.
PREDICTED PERFORMANCE OF THE INVERTED JOINED WING SCALED DEMONSTRATOR
Authors: Lis Mateusz , Galinski Cezary
Published: November 2015

The aim of this paper is to present the performance analysis for an inverted joined wing aircraft demonstrator. Its configuration is said to offer lower drag in comparison to conventional aircraft, resulting in L/D ratio improvement and better performance in general. Moreover, the solution with wings inverted, i.e. with the front wing located above the aft wing, seems to give an even better L/D ratio for a wider range of angles of attack. This paper aims at presenting an aeroplane‘s performance analysis, beginning from the determination of fundamental aircraft aerodynamic characteristics on the basis of wind tunnel tests, to the assessment of powered aircraft characteristics. Such an analysis will answer the question whether the proposed propulsion unit is suitable in this specific case, which means that it will determine if the climb ratio and maximum endurance are adequate. It is crucial to assess these factors before flight tests are initiated as they have a direct influence on the safety of the aeroplane. If the results of the analysis show that the current propulsion unit is not adequate, another one would be proposed taking into account that the maximum take-off weight cannot exceed 25 kg, as defined by civil regulations. Finally, several types of mission profiles are to be planned with great attention to maximum flight endurance and the energy required in batteries that needs to be reserved for emergency situations.
TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND QUALITY CONTROL IN AIRCRAFT ENGINE MAINTENANCE
Authors: Dmitriev Sergiy , Burlakov Vadym , Popov Oleksandr , Popov Dmytro
Published: November 2015

The paper analyzes some issues which refer to the quality assessment of operations performed by aviation specialists when maintaining aircraft. Technological processes and quality control in aircraft engine maintenance are considered.
Urbanistinio miesto audinio atkūrimas reintegruojant ekstensyviai užstatytas teritorijas
Authors: Mačiulis Algimantas
Published: November 2015

Dvidešimtajame amžiuje miesto gyventojai susidūrė su įvairiomis problemomis, kurias lėmė miestų plėtra. Teritorinė miestų ekspansija sukėlė rimtų aplinkos apsaugos problemų, suintensyvėjo eismas, padidėjo nusikalstamumas. Pastarąjį šimtmetį miestai apibūdinami kaip užteršti, pavojingi ir netgi žalingi sveikatai. Miestų plėtra pradėta organizuoti pagal įvairius urbanistinio planavimo modelius, kuriuos veikė vyravusios architektūrinės tendencijos, ekonominė situacija bei gyventojų papročiai. Technologinis progresas, karai darė didelę įtaką susiklosčiusioms urbanistinėms struktūroms. Tam tikrais atvejais kai kurios teritorijos tapo apleistos ar nepakankamai išnaudojamos. Tokios „urbanistinės dykros“ neigiamai veikia aplinkines teritorijas, miesto struktūra praranda vientisumą. Visavertiškai atkurti pažeistas miesto užstatymo struktūras įmanoma tik kuriant urbanistines plėtros ir tankinimo strategijas.
Lietuvos sodų ir parkų struktūros raida nuo XVI iki XX a.
Authors: Mocevičius Albinas
Published: November 2015

Nagrinėjama Lietuvos parkų istorinė raida neatsiejama nuo mūsų miestų ir miestelių istorinės evoliucijos ir jų urbanistinės struktūros formavimosi. XVII a., gerėjant LDK ekonominei ir geopolitinei situacijai, didikai ėmė statytis savo rezidencijas miestų periferijoje. XVII a. pabaigoje galima apčiuopti tam tikrų „laisvėjimo“ tendencijų, kai sodo teritorija plečiasi už gynybinių miesto sienų, bandant sukurti naujus urbanistinius darinius, pasitelkiant menines ir technines galimybes. Per XVII–XVIII a. prie LDK miestų buvo pastatyta nemažai rezidencijų ir dvarų, kurie formavo šalies urbanizaciją ir atliko svarbų vaidmenį urbanizuojant šalį. Barokiniai parkų ansambliai dažniausiai būdavo traktuojami kaip nauji urbanistiniai vienetai su rūmų ansambliais. Prie tokių vienetų atsiradimo prisidėjo žemėnaudos kaita, geopolitinė situacija bei išpuoselėtas estetikos suvokimas. XIX–XX a. pradžioje ne tik kuriami nauji peizažiniai parkai šalia miestų ar miestelių nuostabiose vaizdingose gamtos vietovėse, bet ir pertvarkomi, rekonstruojami renesansiniai bei barokiniai parkai. Augant miestams, didėjant jų urbanizuotoms teritorijoms ir stiprėjant visuomeniškam požiūriui į supančią aplinką, parkų meno ribos prasiplėtė į visuomenines miestų erdves. XIX–XX a. pr. sparti miestų plėtra Europoje ir Lietuvoje įtraukė parkų teritorijas į savo urbanistinę erdvę ir esant tam tikram „dialogui“ kūrė naują gamtinę ir urbanizuotą struktūrą su trečiuoju dalyviu – visuomene.
Globalios architektūros pavidalai Vilniaus kontekste
Authors: Kučinskas Romualdas
Published: November 2015

Analizuojamos globalios architektūros apraiškos Vilniaus mieste Gugenheimo Ermitažo muziejaus pavyzdžiu. Aptariami architektūros atsiradimo ypatumai. Globali architektūra skiriasi nuo lokalios architektūros savo atsiradimo prielaidomis, realizavimo galimybėmis ir savo architektūrine išraiška. Tačiau, nepaisant šių aplinkybių, Lietuvos kūrybinės sąjungos ir pavieniai kūrėjai vertina globalią architektūrą iš lokalių pozicijų. Jie naudoja sampratas ir metaforas, susiformavusias lokalioje aplinkoje. Todėl vertinimai įgauna neigiamą konotaciją.
Nepanaudotos neįgyvendintų projektų galimybės
Authors: Linartas Darius
Published: November 2015

Pagrįstai manoma, kad architektūros projektas turi būti įkūnytas statiniu. Šiuo atveju kūrybiniai ir intelektualiniai sprendiniai atneša realią naudą, pasiteisina projektui kurti panaudoti ištekliai. Tačiau turime pripažinti, kad neatsiejama architektūros konkursų, o kartu ir viso architektūrinio kūrybos proceso dalis – neįgyvendinti projektai. Straipsnyje siūloma į šią probleminę sritį pažvelgti visiškai nauju, architektūros teorijoje ir praktikoje menkai nagrinėtu – informaciniu – aspektu. Neįgyvendintas projektas vertintinas ne kaip nereikalinga ar konkrečiame objekte neįkūnyta „popierinė architektūra“, bet kaip nepanaudotas profesionaliai suformuluotų idėjų ir sprendimų kompleksas, kuriame slypi naudingos informacijos potencialas. Aptariami efektyvesni šios informacijos panaudojimo būdai ir prielaidos, pritaikymo lygmenys, aktualumas, struktūrizavimas pagal galimų vartotojų grupes, kaupimo bei saugojimo formos.
Efficacy and Safety of a Switch to Rilpivirine-Based Regimens in Treatment-Experienced HIV-1-Infected Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Gazaignes Sandrine , Resche-Rigon Matthieu , Gatey Caroline , Yang Chloe , Denis Blandine , Fonsart Julien , Desseaux Kristell , Guionie Michel , Rozenbaum Willy , Delaugerre Constance , Molina Jean-Michel
Published: November 2015

Background

Rilpivirine (RPV) is a second-generation once-daily non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) which has shown non-inferior antiviral activity to efavirenz in treatment-naive patients. Data in treatment-experienced patients are more limited. We wished to assess the efficacy and safety of a switch to RPV-based regimens in well-suppressed treatment-experienced patients.

Methods

Between September 2012 and June 2013, all antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced HIV-1-infected patients with a plasma HIV RNA level <50 copies/ml, and switching to an RPV-based regimen, were analysed in this retrospective observational monocentric cohort study. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with virological success defined as a plasma HIV RNA level <50 copies/ml at 12 months using the FDA snapshot algorithm.

Results

A total of 281 participants were studied and 97% received a combination of RPV/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine. At month 12, the rate of virological success was 59% and increased to 72% using available data beyond month 12. Sixteen (6%) patients experienced virological failure, which was associated with the presence of the M184V/I resistance mutation in prior genotypes ( P=0.02) and the use of a non-NNRTI as third agent before the switch ( P=0.03). RPV-based regimens were overall well tolerated and only 23 (8%) patients discontinued ART because of adverse events, mostly neuropsychiatric adverse events. Switching to RPV was associated with significant but modest improvement of the lipid profile.

Conclusions

In patients fully suppressed on ART, a switch to an RPV-based regimen should only be considered in the absence of prior virological failure or resistance mutations to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and NNRTIs to avoid virological failures.
Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest Region of Brazil
Authors: Araújo Walter , Porfírio Júnior Eder , Ribeiro Bárbara , Silva Taiza , Silva Elienai , Guilherme Frederico , Scareli-Santos Claudia , Santos Benedito
Published: November 2015

Surveys of host plants of insect galls have been performed in different regions of Brazil. The knowledge of species of host plants of insect galls is fundamental to further studies of plant-galling insect interactions. However, a list of host plant species of gall-inducing insects has not yet been compiled for the flora of the Midwest Region of Brazil.

We provide a compilation of the plant species reported to host insect galls in the Cerrado of the state of Goiás in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Altogether we found records for 181 species of 47 families of host plants, which hosted 365 distinct gall morphotypes.
Le paradoxe extraterritorial au cœur des territoires mondialisés. Le cas de la zone économique spéciale d'Aqaba, Jordanie
Authors: Alaime Matthieu
Published: November 2015

La dimension extraterritoriale semble constituer aujourd'hui un élément incontournable dans l'analyse des modalités de construction de certains territoires perçus comme des espaces hautement stratégiques de la mondialisation économique. Phénomène au cœur de représentations sociales de l'espace, il met surtout en lumière des processus de construction territoriale ex-nihilo se trouvant en rupture des configurations socio-spatiales préexistantes. L'extraterritorialité est souvent évoquée dans l'appréhension de certaines modalités de « fabrique de la ville » (politique des grands projets dans les grandes métropoles arabes) comme dans l'étude de hauts lieux de la mondialisation économique à l'image des zones franches. Cet article tente, à travers l'exemple de la zone économique spéciale d'Aqaba en Jordanie, de rendre compte de l'existence de différentes dimensions extraterritoriales et s'attache à en révéler leurs manifestations, les modalités d'ancrage ainsi que leur articulation sur le territoire hôte.
Choix de localisation résidentielle, entre contraintes du marché et préférences individuelles : application à l'aire urbaine de Lyon (1999)
Authors: Aissaoui Hind , Bouzouina Louafi , Bonnel Patrick
Published: November 2015

Dans un contexte marqué par la montée des préoccupations sociales et environnementales liées à la périurbanisation, la croissance de la mobilité et la ségrégation urbaine, cet article vise à contribuer à la compréhension des mécanismes à l'œuvre dans les choix de localisation résidentielle. L'objectif consiste, d'abord, à fournir une synthèse de la littérature sur les déterminants du choix de localisation des ménages en milieu urbain. Il s'agit, ensuite, d'estimer un modèle logit multinomial avec échantillon d'alternatives pour mesurer les effets liés aux arbitrages de marché et des préférences des ménages pour les aménités sur l'aire urbaine de Lyon. Les données proviennent essentiellement du recensement et du fichier Sirene . Si l'accessibilité à l'emploi reste fortement déterminante dans le choix de localisation, les ménages semblent encore plus sensibles à la qualité de l'environnement social.
Patrimoines ecclésiastiques urbains au Moyen Âge et à l’Époque moderne
Authors: Riche Denyse
Published: November 2015

Si les institutions ecclésiastiques, qu’elles soient monastiques, épiscopales ou canoniales, suscitent, depuis quelques années, un intérêt accru de la part des historiens, elles bénéficient aussi d’une approche renouvelée. À leur fonction religieuse, traditionnellement privilégiée, sont venus s’adjoindre d’autres thèmes de recherche, parmi lesquels leur dimension économique et leur puissance temporelle, leurs relations avec les autorités qu’elles soient religieuses ou politiques ou, plus récemment, celles avec les communautés rurales et ici urbaines. Il convient donc d’apprécier les contributions qui sont présentées dans ce volume comme autant de jalons dans une histoire qui reste encore largement à écrire. Trois volets principaux s’en dégagent : l’ampleur des possessions ecclésiastiques et leur inscription dans l’espace urbain, le rôle des ecclésiastiques comme opérateurs urbains, la mise en place de rouages administratifs complexes.
Un changement de braquet dans l’action municipale des années 1970 ?
Authors: Passalacqua Arnaud , Huré Maxime
Published: November 2015

Au cours des années 1970, La Rochelle se positionna comme ville pionnière en matière environnementale. L’action la plus importante de ce point de vue reste la mise en place de systèmes de vélos en libre-service en 1976, dans le cadre de ce qui était alors qualifié de banalisation des bicyclettes dans le cœur historique de la ville. Inspiré non sans ambiguïté à la fois par l’esprit libertaire de la fin des années 1960 et le développement de la société de consommation, ce nouveau système de mobilité visait d’abord à désengorger le centre-ville de la congestion automobile. Mais il croisait des enjeux multiples (identité politique du maire, Michel Crépeau, regain d’intérêt de l’État pour les villes moyennes, test d’une innovation de transport...). Le pilotage original de l’opération, par le biais d’une commission extra-municipale, dut ainsi concilier ces différentes tensions, avant que la solution d’une normalisation du service, par le biais d’acteurs privés, ne s’impose.
L’immobilier parisien au XVIII e siècle
Authors: Lyon-Caen Nicolas
Published: November 2015

Les marchés immobiliers urbains sont généralement analysés à partir des prix de vente. L’extraordinaire concentration de la propriété dans les grandes villes de l’Époque moderne, à commencer par Paris, incite pourtant à penser que ce sont les transactions autour des loyers qui informent, dans une large mesure, la dynamique des échanges. Les Parisiens étant très majoritairement des locataires, l’immeuble est une source de revenus bien plus qu’un investissement en capital. À telle enseigne que la majorité des évaluations immobilières s’effectuent au moyen du principe du denier, c’est à dire en multipliant la valeur locative par un coefficient prédéterminé. Une convention utilisable par tous sert donc à déterminer les prix de vente. Reporter sur les loyers l’explication principale des variations du marché immobilier permet de distinguer des logiques moins évidentes que la rencontre d’une demande et d’une offre sur fond de ségrégation résidentielle. La hausse des loyers qui marque le XVIII e siècle renvoie ainsi à la multiplication des boutiques, à l’enracinement de la fiscalité sur les revenus ainsi qu’au rôle central du principal locataire, véritable entrepreneur foncier qui concurrence le propriétaire dans l’accaparement de la rente foncière.
Chantiers et matériaux de construction à Paris à la fin de l’Ancien Régime : un espace urbain sous tension
Authors: Le Roux Thomas
Published: November 2015

La régulation des chantiers de construction à Paris dans les dernières années de l’Ancien Régime montre un espace urbain sous tension. L’accroissement du secteur du bâtiment croise en effet des volontés réformatrices de la police de plus en plus affirmées. Sur l’espace public, les chantiers posent des problèmes de circulation, de sécurité et de salubrité que les autorités ont du mal à contenir. Indéniablement, la ville doit s’adapter à de nouvelles configurations techniques et économiques. Toutefois, si de multiples projets urbains achoppent, les autorités parisiennes, en premier lieu la Lieutenance générale de police, parviennent, au prix d’un accommodement avec ce secteur économique primordial à la vie de la cité, à réguler au jour le jour les divers embarras qu’il provoque. L’exemple de la production et de l’utilisation du plâtre montre que leur rôle reste essentiel – l’inertie des toutes dernières années révélant combien l’absence d’une politique ambitieuse désorganise la vie urbaine.
Fluctuación altitudinal de la línea de equilibrio glaciar en la vertiente Suroeste del Nevado Coropuna desde el Último Máximo Glaciar (Cordillera Ampato, Perú)
Authors: Campos Néstor
Published: November 2015

El principal objetivo de esta investigación es reconstruir las fases glaciares del Último Máximo Glaciar Local (LLGM), 1955 y 2007 en la vertiente Suroeste del Nevado Coropuna para obtener información sobre los cambios ocurridos y analizar la evolución glaciar. Para este propósito el indicador de la altitud de la línea de equilibrio glaciar (ELA) ha sido utilizado como referencia, calculado con el método AABR (Area x Altitude Balance Ratio), basado en el principio de ponderación del balance de masa en función de la distancia por encima o debajo de la ELA de esa área. Se obtuvo una ELA de 4762 m para el LLGM, 5779 m para 1955 y 5850 m para 2007, lo que implica una variación de 1088 m desde el LLGM hasta el 2007 y 71 m desde 1955 hasta 2007. La superficie total glaciada se redujo un 21,5% entre 1955 y 2007 y la variación de temperatura desde el LLGM hasta 2007 fue de 9,13 ºC (0,0091ºC/m). El hielo de los glaciares los convierte en un elemento importante para estudios climáticos, este método ofrece información cuantitativa y el análisis de los datos puede contribuir a investigaciones sobre el cambio climático y tendencias climáticas para predicciones futuras.
A Cluster-based Personalized Item Recommended Approach on the Educational Assessment System
Authors: Su Chien-Yuan , Chang Jiawei , Chiu Tikai , Hsieh Tungcheng
Published: November 2015

Personalized item recommendation enables the educational assessment system to make deliberate efforts to perform appropriate assessment strategies that ﬁt the needs, purposes, preferences, and interests of individual teachers. This study presents a dynamically personalized item-recommendation approach that is based on clustering in-serve teachers with assessment compiling interest and preference characteristics to recommend available, best-fit candidate items to support teachers to construct their classroom assessment. A two-round assessment constructing activity was being adopted to collect and extract these teacher’ assessment knowledge (item selected preference behaviors), and through the designed item-recommendation mechanism to facilitate IKMAAS [1] to recommend proper items to meet different individual in-serve teachers. To evaluate the effectiveness and usability for the cluster-based personalized item-recommendation, the assessment system log analysis and the questionnaire collected from participating teachers’ perceptions were being used. The results showed the proposed item-recommendation approach based on clustered teachers’ assessment knowledge can effectively improve their educational assessment construction.
Ubi tu Gaius, ibi ego Gaia. Enjeux historiographiques du mariage romain
Authors: Armani Sabine
Published: November 2015

L’auteur balaie cent cinquante années d’études relatives au mariage romain. Pendant longtemps, l’intérêt porté aux «  grands textes  » explique que les premiers travaux aient fait la part belle aux aspects religieux et juridiques de l’union dans la Rome ancienne. Avec la seconde moitié du xxe siècle marquée par le développement des sciences sociales, les analyses s’enrichissent de nouveaux questionnements et problématiques en adoptant notamment les grilles de lecture lévi-straussiennes. C’est à cette époque que les théories duméziliennes sur la trifonctionnalité du mariage romain connaissent leurs premières critiques. Au milieu des années 1980, sous l’influence de l’épigraphie qui s’impose progressivement comme une science à part entière, les techniques de mise en série consacrent provisoirement la prédominance des études quantitatives importées du monde anglo-saxon. Appliquées à l’analyse de l’union dans le monde romain, elles contribuèrent à explorer de nouvelles pistes tant sur le plan démographique (âge au mariage des conjoints), que social (la question de l’alliance dans les couches inférieures à l’aristocratie impériale) ou encore géographique avec la prise en considération de plus en plus fréquente des sociétés provinciales. Ce n’est que récemment que les études de genre ont investi le champ du mariage romain. Devant le foisonnement des travaux, l’auteur propose, pour finir, de décloisonner les approches pour tenter une lecture globale du dossier.
«  Et la Grèce le scella de son empreinte  » Pierre Paris, des lettres à l’archéologie, du Normalien à l’Athénien
Authors: Reimond Grégory
Published: November 2015

Connu pour ses études sur la culture ibérique, fondateur de la Casa de Velázquez (Madrid), Pierre Paris est un brillant archéologue hispaniste. Formé à la fin du xixe siècle dans les plus prestigieuses institutions scientifiques françaises de l’époque, l’École normale puis l’École française d’Athènes, ses premiers pas en tant que chercheur et enseignant sont restés longtemps méconnus. Le présent essai se penche sur son parcours athénien. Il s’agira de voir comment un jeune érudit formé à la philologie classique s’est peu à peu orienté vers les études archéologiques.
The Idea of Human Rights in Conditions of Hospital Treatment
Authors: Sygit Bogusław , Wąsik Damian
Published: November 2015

The aim of this chapter is describing of the influence of universal human rights and civil liberties on the formation of standards for hospital care. The authors present definition of the right to life and the right to health. Moreover in the section it is discussed modern standards of hospital treatment under the provisions of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality. The authors discuss in detail about selected examples realization of human rights in the treatment of hospital and forms of their violation. During the presentation of these issues, the authors analyze a provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and use a number of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights issued in matters concerning human rights abuses in the course of treatment and hospitalization.
Patients' Rights and Medical Personnel Duties in the Field of Hospital Care
Authors: Sygit Bogusław , Wąsik Damian
Published: November 2015

The aim of this chapter is to describe selected universal rights of the patient. The authors specify the seven types of patient rights: the right to appropriate organization of treatment on equal terms, the right to respect patient's dignity and privacy, the right to full and comprehensible information on the state of health, the right of access to medical documentation, the right to self-determination - to agree to provide health care services, the right to respect for private and family life and religion and the right to seek compensation and other benefits in the event of damage to the result of medical malpractice. This classification is the basis to discuss the specifics of each of them with reference to specific examples of their implementation or violations. The chapter specifically addresses the issues such as the obligation to inform the patient of the medical procedure, the legal conditions for the effectiveness of consent to treatment and the principle of access to medical documentation. Presentation of patients' rights is made from the perspective of fulfilling the duties of medical personnel working in hospitals. The authors make extensive use of current case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The undeniable advantage of the publication is to present selected theses of Polish court rulings issued in cases of violation of patient rights.
A Managerial Approach in the Study of Public Reporting in Healthcare
Authors: Comite Ubaldo
Published: November 2015

Public reporting, intended as the public disclosure of information on healthcare performance, is linked to the improvement of the quality of care through the incentives of selection and change, which are in turn determined by the availability of comparative information that is used by those outside the system (citizens) and those from within (organizations and professionals). In the last few decades, the healthcare sector, have undergone considerable change. This change is inevitably destined to modify the way in which citizens turn to healthcare services, and the way in which hospitals are called upon to be transparent and accountable in how they provide services. It is within this context that public reporting became widespread, as a strategy geared towards promoting informed choices to consumers and stimulating the improvement of quality of care. The aim of this paper is to highlight how public reporting systems have the potential to not only support healthcare users in making informed choices, but to also foster healthcare structures in the improvement of their services.
The Role of Average Health Status - Health Inequalities Matrix for Assessing Impacts on Population Health in Health in All Policies
Authors: Panayotov Jordan
Published: November 2015

Economic, social and environmental policies, programs and projects have impact on health. Health in All Policies (HiAP) aims to improve population health by taking into account these impacts. HiAP needs appropriate tools for assessing impacts on population health. When making choices between policy options, decision-makers rely on predictions from Health Impact Assessment. Currently there is no gold standard for establishing and assessing validity of predictions. This paper distinguishes between two levels of causal pathways regarding health impacts – specific and conditional, and proposes the Average Health Status – Health Inequalities Matrix as gold standard. The Matrix facilitates making the right choices at any level and local context, thus is useful for researchers, policy-makers and practitioners for designing, analysing and evaluating all kinds of policies. By allowing quick, reliable and inexpensive appraisal of different policy options the matrix makes feasible taking into account the impacts on population health and paves the way for institutionalizing of HiAP.
Medical Ethics and Undergraduate Training
Authors: Ahmad Ayesha , Rabbani Pareesa , Kanwar Shipra , Shinde Ranoji Vijaysingh , Khan Tamkin
Published: November 2015

The study of Medical Ethics [ME] is mandatory for health practitioners because there is hardly an area in medicine that doesn't pose an ethical dilemma. There is lack of awareness among physicians. Training of medical students should equip them to provide the best care to patients in an ethical manner without harm. The aim of this paper was to assess the awareness of undergraduate students to ME and take inputs about curricular changes as they are important stake holders. A prospective, cross sectional, observational study through a confidential questionnaire was utilized. 86 proformas were fit for analysis. Majority [68.6%] failed to define ME. Most had been exposed to ME in the college or through the print or visual media. Majority could not recall any incident of professional misconduct witnessed by them, while others recounted incidents such as taking gifts from pharmaceutical companies, rudeness to poor patients, mis-diagnosis due to casual approach towards patients, becoming personal with female patients, organ trafficking, conducting sex determination tests etc. Most were unaware about the existence or purpose of an institutional ethics committee. Regarding the need for studying ME 86.04% said they thought it is important. Majority suggested be interactive case presentations as a method of teaching ME. There is gross unawareness among medical students about the definition, scope and purpose of teaching ME. A drastic change in the medical curriculum is required and new and interesting teaching learning methods need to be evolved in order to train our students in ME.
Toward an Informed-Patient Approach to E-Health Services
Authors: Mazuz Keren , Biswas Seema , Mendes Rui Amaral
Published: November 2015

With the expanding utilization of digital and technological media by public health providers and healthcare consumers, there is a need to evaluate the patients' role. There is good evidence of the growing acceptability of the Internet in seeking health information. This paper aims to evaluate the patients' role as an informed-patient. This role, albeit, with its limitations, affects the ways by which people consume health, consult their doctors and also influence health policy. This paper is a sociological and anthropological analysis of the effect of e-health services on the informed-patients' role and their ability to bring about social change through the Internet and their use of e-healthcare services. Through analyzing current literature and examples of health-related websites, this analysis focuses on informed-patients and how they are able to demand better health services for themselves and for their communities.