bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alert System for Epileptic Seizure
Authors: Elma K.Johny , P Nithiyashree , A Savitha , S Sneha
Published: August 2022

Covid 19 has given way to a disruptive and transformative digital automation in health sector worldwide with multi fold investments for upgradation. Benefits could extend across health management with more innovations. Epilepsy, the fourth most common chronic neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent involuntary seizures affects everyone. Worldwide, 70 million people are affected, including 12 million in India, about one-sixth of the global burden. Epilepsy is unpredictable with violent seizures leading to sudden fluctuations in heart rate and involuntary muscle movements leading to death. Therefore, prompt medical attention is essential. Collectively, epilepsy has an effect on the quality of life, career development, and social behaviour, due to an imbalance of the patient’s nervous system. Pre-Covid epilepsy management is largely traditional with little advancement in smartwatches, apps like Apple smartwatches, Android apps, and more. expensive. Covid's new normal has led many to develop cost-effective digital health technology using existing smartphones with smartwatches built in. Epilepsy management systems can also be made affordable. We propose to take advantage of current advancements in smartwatches and smartphone apps by integrating them and adding new features such as video camera activation, photos and automation in sending alerts to, friends and care takers.
Optical Fiber Link Parameter Estimation: A Cascaded Neural Network Approach
Authors: Dhelawat Yuvi , Shukla Abhishek Mani , Gupta Sumanta
Published: August 2022

A multi-parameter estimation scheme for optical fiber link is proposed using deep learning (DL) technique. Instead of using a single model for multi-parameter estimation, a cascaded neural network architecture comprised of convolutional neural networks (CNN) is proposed, where the predicted value for each stage becomes an input parameter for the next stage. The proposed cascaded structure is employed for modulation format identification (MFI), optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) estimation, and fibre link length estimation, in the same order. The input dataset used in this work consists of in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) currents as obtained from coherent detection. The proposed scheme needs no prior pre-processing steps, and the model can be deployed directly in the optical fiber transmission system. The OSNR and fibre link length estimation are treated as regression tasks, whereas MFI is treated as a classification task in our proposed cascaded model. The model attains 100% accuracy for MFI. Moreover, the mean absolute error (MAE) stands at 0.3246 dB for OSNR and 0.1140 km for fibre link length estimation. The model is also tested against intermediate values for fibre link lengths, which were not used during training. The MFI accuracy obtained for this case is 99.95% for QPSK and 100% for all other modulation schemes under consideration. The OSNR estimation has an MAE of 0.8945 dB, and the fibre link length estimation has an MAE of 0.854 km for the unseen values.
Mixed Culture Biocatalytic Production of the High-Value Biochemical 7-Methylxanthine
Authors: Mock Meredith B. , Summers Ryan M.
Published: August 2022

Background
7-Methylxanthine, a derivative of caffeine noted for its lack of toxicity and ability to treat and even prevent myopia progression, is a high-value biochemical with limited natural availability. Attempts to produce 7-methylxanthine through purely chemical methods of synthesis are faced with complicated chemical processes and/or the requirement of a variety of hazardous chemicals, resulting in low yields and racemic mixtures of products. In recent years, we have developed engineered microbial cells to produce several methylxanthines, including 3-methylxanthine, theobromine, and paraxanthine. The purpose of this study is to establish a more efficient biosynthetic process for the production of 7-methylxanthine from caffeine.
Results
Here, we describe the use of a mixed-culture system composed of Escherichia coli strains engineered as caffeine and theobromine “specialist” cells. Optimal reaction conditions for the maximal conversion of caffeine to 7-methylxanthine were determined to be equal concentrations of caffeine and theobromine specialist cells at an optical density (600 nm) of 50 reacted with 2.5 mM caffeine for 5 hours. When scaled-up to 560 mL, the simple biocatalytic reaction produced 183.81 mg 7-methylxanthine from 238.38 mg caffeine under ambient conditions, an 85.6% molar conversion. Following HPLC purification and solvent evaporation, 153.3 mg of dried 7-methylxanthine powder was collected, resulting in an 83.4% product recovery.
Conclusions
We present the first report of a biocatalytic process designed specifically for the production and purification of the high-value biochemical 7-methylxanthine from caffeine using a mixed culture of E. coli strains. This process constitutes the most efficient method for the production of 7-methylxanthine from caffeine to date.
A Road Network Simplification Algorithm that Preserves Topological Properties
Authors: Pung Jinyoung , D'Souza Raissa , Ghosal Dipak , Zhang Michael
Published: August 2022

A road network can be represented as a weighted directed graph with the nodes being the traffic intersections, the edges being the road segments, and the weights being some attribute of a road segment. Such a representation enables researchers to analyze road networks in consistent and automatable ways from the perspectives of graph theory. For example, analysis of the graph along with the traffic demand pattern can identify critical road segments based on centrality measures. However, due to the complexity of real-world road networks and the computationally expensive algorithms, it is challenging to extend the such methods to a large-scale road network. In this paper, we present a simple yet efficient network simplification framework based on graph theory that sub-samples and simplifies the graph while preserving key topological characteristics in the original network. Our method iteratively identifies and removes network elements that do not contribute to transportation functionality, such as self-loops, dead-ends, and interstitial nodes that lies on the same road line. We applied this method to three small cities with distinct street patterns and one large city, and showed that topological characteristics in the original networks are preserved by comparing two distinct kinds of centrality distributions in the original and simplified networks.
The prognostic value of arachidonic acid metabolism in breast cancer by integrated bioinformatics
Authors: Li Wenge , Guo Xiaoyu , Chen Changzheng , Li Juanjuan
Published: August 2022

Background
As the second cause of cancer death in women, breast cancer has become a worldwide priority. Previous studies based on tumour cell lines demonstrated that arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites promote cancer development. However, recent studies based on the tumour microenvironment revealed the antitumour effect of AA metabolism. Therefore, it is essential to reevaluate and elucidate the effect of AA metabolism on breast cancer.
Methods
Raw data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The AA metabolic score of each sample, enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune infiltration were analysed by bioinformatics. Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were performed to establish an AA metabolism prognostic signature. An AA metabolism-related nomogram for predicting the survival probability of patients was built.
Result
AA metabolism was related to good prognosis in the TCGA-BRCA and METABRIC cohort. DEGs enrichment suggested that the upregulated DEGs of the high AA metabolism group were significantly enriched in immune-related pathways. The high AA metabolism group was infiltrated with more CD8+ T cells and activated NK cells. An AA metabolic signature (SPINK8, KLRB1, APOD and PIGR) was constructed for breast cancer prognosis.
Conclusion
The study indicated that a high level of AA metabolism may be a biomarker for good prognosis in breast cancer, providing a possible explanation for the discouraging effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in cancer therapy. Moreover, a novel AA metabolic prognostic signature was constructed in the study, providing a novel strategy for breast cancer.
Synoptic and local meteorology influence on pollen concentration in a mountain valley in Central Italy: hints for localization of main sources
Authors: Pace Loretta , Incerto Angela , Curci Gabriele
Published: August 2022

Anemophilous pollen is one of the main causes of allergy by sensitive subjects. Due to the early and prolonged pollen season due to climate change, there is a potentially increasing risk for the European population (Lake et al., 2017). In this work, pollen and meteorological data have been associated in order to identify the favourable conditions for increasing pollen concentration. We use of the classification software from the COST733 action to classify each day of the studied period (2016-2018) among nine weather regimes. The use of a Performance Index (PI) made it possible to relate the pollen concentration to the synoptic classes and thus to associate a higher pollen concentration to a high-pressure condition. In addition, by combining wind roses and a detailed land cover thematic map, we identify the location of main potential pollen sources. The results encourage further analysis of pollen dispersal in response to climate change.
Wild type rice OsCERK1DY-mediated arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis boosts yield and nutrient use efficiency in rice breeding
Authors: Han Ruicai , Yang Zhou , Wang Chunquan , Zhu Shan , Tang Guoping , Shen Xianhua , Duanmu Deqiang , Cao Yangrong , Huang Renliang
Published: August 2022

Meeting the food demands of an ever-increasing population on the basis of resource and environmental sustainability poses major challenges to agriculture worldwide. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) can increase the surface area of a plant’s root system, promote the absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen nutrients as well as water. Thus, it has long been theorized that rice varieties with more efficient AM symbiosis could have enhanced yield and reduced input costs, it is a new direction for the development of Green Super Rice (GSR). Our previous study identified that a variant OsCERK1DY from Dongxiang wild type rice, significanly increased the efficiency AMS in rice cultivar "ZZ35", making it an ideal gene to improve yield and nutrient use effeciency in rice breeding. In this study, we compared and examined the biomass, crop growth characteristics, yield attributes, and nutrient absorption at different soil nitrogen levels in rice cultivar "ZZ35" and its chromosome single-segment substitution line "GJDN1". The AM colonization level in GJDN1 roots was higher than that of ZZ35 in the field. Compared with ZZ35, the effective panicle number and seed-setting rate in GJDN1 were significantly higher, and the yield of GJDN1 at 75% nitrogen was 14.27% higher than the maximum yield achieved by ZZ35. When grown at the same nitrogen level, GJDN1 values were significantly higher than those of ZZ35 for the chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation at the mature stage, population growth rate from full heading stage to mature stage, accumulation of major nutrient elements, nitrogen absorption rate from sowing stage to full heading stage, N agronomic efficiency (NAE), N recovery efficiency (NRE), and N partial factor productivity (NPFP). These results support a model in which the high level of AM symbiosis mediated by OsCERK1DY promotes the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, dry matter accumulation, and yield of rice. Thus, the OsCERK1DY gene is a strong candidate for improving yield, reducing fertilizer use, and transitioning towards greener, lower carbon agriculture.
A case report on prenatal diagnosis of Non Janiceps type of cephalopagus conjoined twins
Authors: Srin Neela , Rajgarhia Nipun , Regmi Pratik , Bajpai Amit
Published: August 2022

Background
Conjoined twin pregnancy is a rare occurrence resulting from the failure of a zygote to separate completely after 13 days. Cephalopagus type is the rarest type of conjoined twins. There are two types of cephalopagus twins: Janiceps (two faces are on the either side of the head) and non-janiceps (with one head and a single face). Non-janiceps type of cephalopagus are extremely rare variety of conjoined twins.
Case presentation:
A 19Y old female, primigravida, presented at 12 weeks of gestation for antenatal ultrasound. USG showed evidence of a conjoined twin with a single head with single face, fused thoraces with single heart, two lungs, fused upper abdomen with shared stomach and liver, separate pelvises with two different bladders and two pairs of upper and lower limbs. Fetal MRI corroborated these findings. The pregnancy was terminated and cephalopagus fetus was delivered vaginally. The parents were appropriately counselled for future pregnancies.
Conclusion
An extremely rare case of non-Janiceps type of cephalopagus conjoined twin gestation which was detected at 12 weeks of geatation by antenatal ultrasound and confirmed on fetal MRI. Early antenatal diagnosis is extremely important for appropriate and timely management as the prognosis is very poor in such twins. Antenatal ultrasound and fetal MRI prove very beneficial in this aspect as well as fordiagnosis of other associated fetal abnormalities.
Could the twinkling artifact be a parameter in predicting the success of SWL? A prospective study Predicting the success of SWL with the TA
Authors: SEVİM Mehmet , ALKIŞ Okan , Kartal Ibrahim Güven , Kazan Huseyin Ozgur , Sonmez Oguzhan Yusuf , Korkmaz Mehmet , ARAS Bekir
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
It is important to determine the factors to predict success before the treatment decision in urolithiasis. In this study, we aimed to predict the success of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) by comparing the twinkling artifact (TA) revealed through color doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) with the stone density in non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT).
Material and method:
Eighty patients who underwent SWL between January 2021 and January 2022 were included in the study. Patients with stones of 5–20 mm in the renal pelvis and proximal ureter at NCCT were included the study. Age, gender, stone size, hydronephrosis grade, body mass index (BMI), Hounsfield unit (HU) in NCCT, and TA grades in CDUS of the patients were recorded. The stone-free rate after SWL, additional treatments, overall success rates, and the association between TA and success rates were evaluated.
Results
The mean age was 47.41 ± 15.08 years. The mean BMI was 24.49 ± 3.67 kg/m2. Twenty three (28.8%) patients were TA grade 0, 33 (41.2%) patients were grade 1, and 24 (30%) patients were grade 2. The mean HU of TA grades 0, 1, and 2 of stones were 628 ± 107, 864 ± 123, and 1166 ± 292, respectively. HU increased along with the increase in the TA grade of the stone (p < 0.01). The mean number of SWL sessions was 2.26 ± 0.75 in patients with TA grade 0, and 2.92 ± 0.40 in patients with TA grade 2. The mean number of SWL sessions increased along with the increase in TA grade (p < 0.01). Stone-free rate following SWL decreased as TA grade increased. Stone diameter and TA were the only predictors of SWL success.
Conclusion
SWL is an important treatment option in the treatment of urolithiasis. We think that TA may be useful in predicting SWL success.
Methodological review of NMA bias concepts provides groundwork for the development of a list of concepts for potential inclusion in a new risk of bias tool for network meta-analysis (RoB NMA Tool)
Authors: Lunny Carole , Veroniki Areti-Angeliki , Higgins Julian PT , Dias Sofia , Hutton Brian , Wright James M , White Ian R. , Whiting Penny , Tricco Andrea C
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Network meta-analyses (NMAs) have gained popularity and grown in number due to their ability to provide estimates of comparative effectiveness of multiple treatments for the same condition. The aim of this study is to conduct a methodological review to compile a preliminary list of concepts related to bias in NMAs. Methods and Analysis: We included papers that present items related to bias, reporting, or methodological quality, papers assessing the quality of NMAs, or methods papers. We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane library, and unpublished literature. We extracted items related to bias in NMAs. An item was excluded if it was an item related to general systematic review quality or bias, and included in currently available tools such as ROBIS or AMSTAR 2. We reworded items, typically structured as questions, into concepts (i.e. general notions). Results: 181 articles were assessed at full text and 57 were included. Of these articles, 12 were tools, checklists or journal standards, 12 were guidance documents for NMAs, 26 were articles related to bias or methods, and 7 were papers that assessed the quality of NMAs. These studies yielded 99 items of which the majority related to general systematic review quality and biases and were therefore excluded. The items we included were reworded into 22 concepts specific to bias in NMAs. Conclusions: A list of 22 concepts were included. This list is not intended to be used to assess biases in NMAs, but to inform the development of items to be included in our tool.
ANALISA KEMITRAAN PERBANKAN PADA PELAKU USAHA MIKRO DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Soenjoto Wening Purbatin Palupi
Published: August 2022

Banking in the current digital era has various impacts, from facilitating the use of demand deposits to financial transactions that require digital skills in the use of banking products. Not all customers have digital skills in banking product transactions and this is an obstacle that must be a concern for bankers. The banking sector is even now starting to approach business actors in terms of financing that can be done by business actors while continuing to carry out the procedures and policies carried out by each bank. micro and small business actors. Micro business actors still use a lot of currency in transactions and even to enter into partnerships with banks is still constrained by the conditions imposed by the bank. Business actors in Indonesia are classified into UMKM’s, namely Micro, Small and MSMEs. enengah.In Indonesia, in fact, there are more micro business actors than medium and large businesses that are more involved in partnerships with banks. There are still many micro business actors who have not entered into partnerships and transactions are still simple and the use of digital technology in production is still minimal. , transactions and marketing. The implementation of banking partnerships is still constrained by several policies implemented by banks and the government so that there has not been an optimal partnership that has occurred in business actors in Indonesia. primary and secondary library sources to analyze and examine banking partnerships in entrepreneurship in the digital era.
Leadership management of village heads based on soft skill development of coastal communities in Indonesia
Authors: Djafri Novianty , Nurilawati Botutihe Sukma , A. J. Pauweni Apriyanto , Bin Smith Mardia , Qamar Badu Syamsu
Published: August 2022

This study aims to map the soft skills of the coastal area community’s potentials through leadership management of the village heads to be innovative to develop the village growth in the coastal area of northern Indonesia. The study relied on a survey with a mixed method. It involved villagers in Bilato District, Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia, as the population and 33 villagers (village heads, village officials, prominent figures, and villagers) as the sample. It was found that village heads’ leadership management in soft skill development of community potentials based on the village innovation system in the coastal area arrives at a good category. Further, this study found that the village heads’ leadership management in managing potential soft skills and characteristics of village communities in coastal areas based on village innovation systems in Bilato District, Gorontalo Regency, Indonesia, was in the good category with a percentage of 71.4%. This percentage is obtained through several indicators, i.e., (1) leadership management with 76.3% (good category); (2) village head strategy with 75.4%; and (3) innovation system with 66.2% (good category). It is expected that it can be further improved through other indicators apart from the grand design and the analysis of village heads’ leadership management model in managing soft skills of potentials and characteristics of the village community in the coastal area based on village innovation systems.
Acknowledgment We would like to express our gratitude to the Head of the Faculty, the Dean of the Faculty of Education, Village Head, and District Head, Local and Provincial Government for the implementation of this study.
Light Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Biodiesel Derived from the Gueiroba (Syagrus oleracea) Kernel Oil to Blend with Jet-A1 Kerosene for Aviation Fuel
Authors: Chagas Samuel , Santos Douglas , Fabris José , Harter Luiz Vitor , da Silva Juliana
Published: August 2022

The approach proposed here is focused on the separation of light fractions (corresponding to fatty acids with molecular chains between 8 to 14 carbons) from the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMES) of the biodiesel obtained by the reaction of transesterification of triacylglycerol’s in the kernel gueiroba oil (Syagrus oleracea) with methanol. The whole biodiesel was fractionated through atmospheric distillation in a single glass column with thermal insulation. Such a separation produced 59.79% in volume of light biodiesel (LB), which was mixed with the standard mineral Jet-A1 kerosene (cf. ASTM, corresponding to the QAV-1, cf. the Brazilian standard of the ANP) for aviation, in the volumetric ratios LB:Jet-A1 2:98; 5:95; 10:90 and 20:80. The values of density, water content, distillation analysis, flash point, calorific value and freezing point were carefully checked for their compliance with the official recommendations for a jet fuel. It was found that the mixtures richest in the Jet-A1 mineral kerosene, that is, those containing no more than 5% LB by volume, well meet the recommended standards and are technologically viable to replace pure Jet-A1 kerosene for the propulsion of turbine aircraft.
Koncepcja egzegezy biblijnej Jana Szkota Eriugeny
Authors: Grzegorzyca Adam
Published: August 2022

Ustanowienie w zrodzonym z Boga Ojca Synu-Logosie idealnych wzorów jest pierwotnym aktem stwórczym Boga, ujętego przez Jana Szkota Eriugenę jako Niestworzona Natura Stwarzająca, która powołuje do istnienia Stworzoną Naturę Stwarzającą. Bóg dokonał całości stworzenia jednym aktem. Stworzenie zaistniało jako proste i doskonałe według woli Boga. Eriugena uważa, że stworzenie w Logosie przyczyn prymordialnych zostało w Księdze Rodzaju opisane w formie procesu. Ten alegoryczny zapis stanowi źródło informacji o stworzonej rzeczywistości. Dla Eriugeny całe Pismo Święte jest pełnoprawnym źródłem informacji, ponieważ autorem Pisma jest zawsze prawdomówny Bóg. Stwórca pragnie, aby człowiek, który dokonał błędnego wyboru i utracił doskonałość, mógł powrócić do tego stanu, więc otwiera przed człowiekiem Księgę Natury, którą jest stworzony wszechświat oraz Księgę Pisma, którą jest Pismo Święte. Biblia, zawierająca symbole, nauki i opisy, została dana również współczesnej ludzkości, aby rozumna natura człowieka mogła nakierować go na drogę powrotu do Boga i stanu doskonałości. Analiza stworzenia oraz analiza Pisma Świętego powinny zbliżać człowieka do Boga. Wypowiedź egzegetyczna stanowi ważny aspekt interpretacji Pisma, więc Eriugena stawia warunki, które są konieczne lub stanowią wsparcie dla poprawnego wnioskowania. Warunki te dotyczą niesprzeczności pomiędzy wspomnianymi Księgami, roli ludzkiego intelektu w prowadzonych badaniach oraz znaczenia ludzkich autorytetów. Autor artykułu omawia wymagania, określone przez Eriugenę i dokonuje ich interpretacji uwzględniając fakt rozwoju różnych dziedzin współczesnej nauki.

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Zgłoszono: 29/03/2022. Zrecenzowano: 12/05/2022. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 31/05/2022.
‘Passive-active’ As a Functional Distinction in Husserl’s Theory of Consciousness
Authors: Maciejczak Marek
Published: August 2022

This article discusses passive and active aspects of consciousness as two equally justified roots of life experiencing the world (Weltbewusstseinsleben). The passive domain involves the synthesis of internal time, association, habituality, bodily aspects, etc. The active domain includes strictly cognitive competences of consciousness: thinking, judging, etc. What has been actively constituted becomes passive as the basic level for higher form of understanding. The two domains interweave, influence each other, complement each other, and also remain in a certain tension and discrepancy. In the broader perspective of the system of consciousness and its various layers, the passive-active differentiation must be treated functionally, and not as hierarchically arranged or constituted by separable concepts. It reflects the dynamics of the consciousness system at all its levels, and its meaning oscillates between the opposite and the overlapping.

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Received: 26/01/2022. Reviewed: 28/03/2022. Accepted: 12/05/2022.
Człowieczeństwo w ujęciu Jerzego Chmurzyńskiego
Authors: Perz Tomasz
Published: August 2022

Człowieczeństwo to pojęcie, które oznacza cechy wspólne dla wszystkich ludzi, w tym ogół takich, które stanowią o różnicy gatunkowej pomiędzy człowiekiem a zwierzętami. Problem ten podejmował Jerzy Chmurzyński, entomolog, etolog i filozof, „ojciec polskiej etologii”, zadając pytanie: ile człowieka jest w zwierzęciu? Perspektywa badawcza etologii, przyjmując paradygmat ewolucyjny, obejmuje wszelkie organizmy żywe, zdolne do zachowania się. Artykuł przedstawia etologiczne ujęcie natury ludzkiej przez Chmurzyńskiego i formułowane na tej podstawie wnioski antropologiczne, etyczne i estetyczne. To ujęcie ukazuje z jednej strony zakorzenienie człowieka w świecie przyrody, a z drugiej takie cechy jego natury, nabyte w procesie ewolucji, które sprawiają, że człowiek przerasta poziom biologiczny. Wśród tych cech można wyróżnić: myślenie abstrakcyjne, język, etykę, estetykę i kulturę. Jerzy Chmurzyński, ukazując biologiczne korzenie człowieczeństwa, pomaga lepiej zrozumieć, co to znaczy: „być sobą w swojej ludzkiej naturze”. Wnioski w ten sposób formułowane stanowią formę „biologicznych drogowskazów”, które, mając uniwersalny charakter, mogą wzmocnić tradycyjny system etyczny, przeciwstawiając się zagrożeniu w postaci dewiacji zachowań Homo sapiens.

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Zgłoszono: 17/12/2021. Zrecenzowano: 04/02/2022. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 11/04/2022.
Totalitaryzmy, ponowoczesność i wychowanie człowieka w świetle rozważań filozoficznych Chantal Delsol
Authors: Janas Adam
Published: August 2022

Celem artykułu jest wykazanie związku pomiędzy ponowoczesnością i totalitaryzmami oraz wychowaniem człowieka. Przyjętym założeniem jest istnienie zróżnicowanej ontycznie rzeczywistości, której integralną częścią jest życie człowieka, pomiędzy różnymi porządkami istnienia: immanentnym (biopsychospołecznym) i transcendentnym (egzystencjalnym, metafizycznym i religijnym), w obliczu którego człowiek staje się tym, kim może i być powinien. Na podstawie analizy rozważań francuskiej myślicielki Chantal Delsol (ur. 1947) można sądzić, że wobec przesłoniętej transcendencji – zarówno w minionych totalitaryzmach, jak i współcześnie – człowiek wskutek absolutyzacji inherentnych kryteriów prawomocności tego, co immanentne, zostaje zredukowany do swoich uwarunkowań biopsychospołecznych. W konsekwencji świat staje się polem do eksperymentów społecznych, dokonywanych za pomocą terroru, bądź bardziej subtelnych środków inżynierii społecznej. Wychowanie jawi się wówczas jako ochrona człowieka przed totalitarnym potencjałem ludzkiego zbiorowego istnienia, a zatem także przed nim samym.

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Zgłoszono: 04/03/2022. Zrecenzowano: 08/04/2022. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 12/05/2022.
Piotr Duchliński, Grzegorz Hołub (red.), "Ulepszanie poznawcze człowieka. Perspektywa filozoficzna", Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Ignatianum w Krakowie, Kraków 2021, ss. 412 (rec.)
Authors: Filipek Waldemar
Published: August 2022

Książka składa się z wprowadzenia do debaty zarówno w języku polskim jak i angielskim oraz 12 rozdziałów (referatów). Praca zawiera także noty o autorach oraz indeks. Autorami referatów są znawcy problematyki transhumanizmu, wywodzący się zarówno z renomowanych uczelni akademickich, jak i rozmaitych ośrodków badawczych. Publikacja jest nie tylko interesująca oraz inspirująca, ale też zmusza do pogłębionej refleksji nad naturą człowieka, jego istotą oraz wpływem technologii na jego życie, a także oceną etyczną tego wpływu.

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Zgłoszono: 12/12/2021. Zrecenzowano: 09/01/2022. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 26/04/2022.
Błąd panpsychistycznego redukcjonizmu. Fundamenty nienowej ideologii. Philip Goff, "Błąd Galileusza. Fundamenty nowej nauki o świadomości", tłum. Jacek Jarocki, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN , Warszawa 2022, ss. 238 (rec.)
Authors: Łagosz Marek
Published: August 2022

Książka Philipa Goffa jest pozycją z zakresu szeroko rozumianej filozofii umysłu z wątkami filozofii i metodologii nauk przyrodniczych. Łączy w sobie dość umiejętnie styl popularnonaukowy z fragmentami o charakterze bardziej systematycznej analizy naukowej oraz filozoficznej. Poza centralnym tematem rozważań, jakim jest kwestia panpsychizmu, znajdujemy w niej m.in. odniesienia do znanych w filozofii świadomości eksperymentów myślowych, jak: „jak to jest być nietoperzem?”, „pokój Marii”, „chiński pokój” czy problem „filozoficznych zombie”. Mimo licznych uwag krytycznych książkę należy uznać za względnie wartościową. Poszerza ona horyzont ontologicznych sporów o panpsychizm – m.in. w kontekście przyrodoznawstwa (fizjologia wyższej czynności nerwowej, neuronauki, mechanika kwantowa).

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Zgłoszono: 27/02/2022. Zrecenzowano: 10/03/2022. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 11/04/2022.
Prevalence of Amiodarone Induced Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
in Patients with Heart Diseases: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rahimi-Bashar Farshid , Vahedian-Azimi Amir , Dalvand Sahar , Karimi Leila , Moshkani Maryam , Alimohamadi Yousef , Johnston Thomas P. , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: August 2022

Background:

Due to the importance of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism in patients with heart failure, the purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism) in patients with heart disease who received amiodarone.

Methods:

Electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of science, and Science Direct were searched by two investigators. To assess the heterogeneity between the included studies, the chi-square χ2 test (α=0.05) and I2 index were used. Additionally, a random-effects model with 95% CI was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of thyroid dysfunction due to heterogeneity of the studies. To identify the cause of heterogeneity, a meta-regression analysis was employed. All analyses were performed using Stata ver13 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA).

Results:

The pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism was 23.43% (95% CI: 11.54-35.33) and hyperthyroidism was 11.61% (95% CI: 7.20-16.02). There was no significant association between the prevalence of hypothyroidism and the year of the study (P=0.152), sample size (P=0.805), and mean age of subjects in the sample groups (P=0.623). However, there was a significant association between the prevalence of hyperthyroidism and the year of the study (p=0.037), but no statistically significant association between either the prevalence of hyperthyroidism and sample size (P=0.425), or the prevalence of hyperthyroidism and the mean age of subjects in the sample groups (P=0.447).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with cardiac arrhythmias receiving amiodarone was considerable. Extreme care should be exercised to improve monitoring of any thyroid abnormalities that may arise in patients receiving amiodarone.
RNA Hypomethylation and Unchanged DNA Methylation Levels in the
Cortex of ApoE4 Carriers and Alzheimer’s Disease Subjects
Authors: Shen Wei-Bin , Yang James Jiao , Yang Peixin
Published: August 2022

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and ApoE4 variants are significant risk factors for AD. Epigenetic modifications are involved in AD pathology. However, it is unclear whether DNA/RNA methylation plays a role in AD pathology, and dysregulation of DNA/RNA methylation occurs in ApoE4 carriers.

Objectives:

The present study is to determine whether dysregulation of DNA/RNA methylation is present in the brains of ApoE4 carriers and AD patients.

Methods:

In this study, postmortem brain tissues from carriers of ApoE4 and ApoE3, from AD and non-AD controls were used in the analysis of DNA/RNA methylation, methyltransferases, and their demethylases.

Results:

Immunofluorescence staining indicates that RNA methylation is suppressed in ApoE4 carriers. Further analysis shows that the expression of RNA methyltransferases and an RNA methylation reader is suppressed in ApoE4 carriers, whereas RNA demethylase expression is increased. RNA hypomethylation occurs in NeuN+ neurons in ApoE4 carriers and AD patients. Furthermore, in ApoE4 carriers, both DNA methyltransferases and demethylases are downregulated, and overall DNA methylation levels are unchanged.

Conclusion:

Our finding indicates that RNA methylation decreased in ApoE4 carriers before AD pathology and AD individuals. The expression of RNA methyltransferases and RNA methylation reader is inhibited and RNA demethylase is upregulated in ApoE4 carriers, which leads to suppression of RNA methylation and the suppression precedes the AD pathogenesis and persists through AD pathology.
Promising Marine Natural Products for Tackling Viral Outbreaks: A Focus on Possible Targets and Structure-activity Relationship
Authors: Salampe Mirnawati , Mamada Sukamto Salang , Evary Yayu Mulsiani , Mitra Saikat , Bin Emran Talha , Harapan Harapan , Nainu Firzan , Simal-Gandara Jesus
Published: August 2022

Recently, people worldwide have experienced several outbreaks caused by viruses that have attracted much interest globally, such as HIV, Zika, Ebola, and the one being faced, SARSCoV- 2 viruses. Unfortunately, the availability of drugs giving satisfying outcomes in curing those diseases is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to dig deeper to provide compounds that can tackle the causative viruses. Meanwhile, the efforts to explore marine natural products have been gaining great interest as the products have consistently shown several promising biological activities, including antiviral activity. This review summarizes some products extracted from marine organisms, such as seaweeds, seagrasses, sponges, and marine bacteria, reported in recent years to have potential antiviral activities tested through several methods. The mechanisms by which those compounds exert their antiviral effects are also described here, with several main mechanisms closely associated with the ability of the products to block the entry of the viruses into the host cells, inhibiting replication or transcription of the viral genetic material, and disturbing the assembly of viral components. In addition, the structure-activity relationship of the compounds is also highlighted by focusing on six groups of marine compounds, namely sulfated polysaccharides, phlorotannins, terpenoids, lectins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. In conclusion, due to their uniqueness compared to substances extracted from terrestrial sources, marine organisms provide abundant products having promising activities as antiviral agents that can be explored to tackle virus-caused outbreaks.
Imbalance of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines Induced Different
Types of Recurrent Atrial Arrhythmias after Drug Eluting Coronary Stent
Implantation
Authors: Li Xia , Hu Haibo , Guo Dianxuan , Hu Youdong , Zhou Hualan , Chen Ying , Fang Xiang
Published: August 2022

Background:

Atrial arrhythmias are associated with increased risk of stroke and death in the elderly. The risk and predictive factors of recurrent atrial arrhythmias in elderly patients after coronary stenting are not well known.

Objective:

This research sought to investigate the roles of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine imbalances in different types of recurrent atrial arrhythmias in elderly patients defined as individuals aged 65 years or older after sirolimus eluting stent (Cordis, Warren, New Jersey) implantation.

Methods:

We measured interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interleukin-37 (IL-37) in elderly patients with recurrent atrial arrhythmias and assessed the impact of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine imbalances on recurrent atrial arrhythmias in elderly patients after coronary stenting.

Results:

Levels of IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α were remarkably increased (p<0.001) and IL-10, IL-17, IL-13, and IL-37 were remarkably lowered (p<0.001) in elderly patients with recurrent atrial arrhythmias after coronary stent implantation. Imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines induced recurrent atrial arrhythmias after coronary stenting. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine imbalances may be used to identify elderly patients who have an increased risk of developing recurrent atrial arrhythmias after coronary stenting.

Conclusion:

Imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was associated with recurrent atrial arrhythmias in elderly patients after coronary stenting. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be clinically useful biomarkers for predicting recurrent atrial arrhythmias in elderly patients after coronary stent implantation.
Synthesis of Misoprostol, and Intramolecular Isomerization of A-Type
Misoprostol into B-Type Misoprostol using 1, 8-Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-
7-ene (DBU)
Authors: Venkatanarayana Muvvala , Cheedarala Ravi Kumar , Guttikonda Nagarjuna Reddy , Jaggavarapu Rama Mohana Reddy , Kamatham Raja Reddy , Nagarjuna Akula , Surepally Ravikumar
Published: August 2022

Objective:

Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin that is related structurally to naturally
occurring prostaglandin (PG), and it has been acknowledged as an effective inhibitor of gastric
acid secretion when administered intravenously.

Methods:

In the present study, the novel application of 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, a cyclic
unsaturated amine [DBU] for the conversion of A-type Misoprostol (A-MP) to B-type Misoprostol
(B-MP) via intramolecular isomerization.

Results:

The chemical structures of A-MP and B-MP were confirmed using spectral analyses
of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy.

Conclusion:

The chemical structures of A-MP and B-MP were confirmed using spectral analyses
of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectroscopy.
A Series of Trifluoromethylisoxazolyl- and Trifluoromethylpyrazolyl-
Substituted (Hetero)aromatic Sulfonamide Carbonic Anhydrase
Inhibitors: Synthesis, and Convenient Prioritization Workflow for Further
In Vivo Studies
Authors: Krasavin Mikhail , Sibinčić Nikolina , Kalinin Stanislav , Sharoyko Vladimir , Efimova Julia , Gasilina Olga A. , Korsakov Mikhail , Gureev Maxim
Published: August 2022

Aims:

To synthesize novel sulfonamide inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase and develop in
vitro prioritization workflow to select compounds for in vivo evaluation

Background:

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors gain significant attention in the context of drug
discovery research for glaucoma, hypoxic malignancies, and bacterial infections. In previous works,
we have successfully used direct sulfochlorination approach to develop diverse heterocyclic primary
sulfonamides with remarkable activity and selectivity against therapeutically relevant CA isoforms.

Objective:

Synthesis and investigation of the CA inhibitory properties of novel trifluoromethylisoxazolyl- and trifluoromethylpyrazolyl-substituted (hetero)aromatic sulfonamides.

Methods:

Thirteen trifluoromethylisoxazolyl- and thirteen trifluoromethylpyrazolyl-substituted (hetero)aromatic sulfonamides were synthesized by direct sulfochlorination of hydroxyisoxazolines and
pyrazoles followed by reaction with ammonia. The compound structures were confirmed by 1
H and 13C NMR as well as element analysis. The obtained compounds were evaluated, using the CA esterase activity assay, for their potential to block the catalytic activity of bovine CA (bCA).

Results:

Eight most potent compounds selected based on the esterase activity assay data were tested
for direct affinity to the enzyme using the thermal shift assay (TSA). These compounds displayed Kd
values (measured by TSA) in the double-digit nanomolar range, thus showing comparable activity to
the reference drug acetazolamide.

Conclusion:

Coupling the bCA esterase activity assay with thermal shift assay represents a streamlined and economical strategy for the prioritization of sulfonamide CA inhibitors for subsequent
evaluation in vivo.
COVID-19 and Hematological Manifestations
Authors: Khaire Niranjan Shiwaji , Jindal Nishant , Malhotra Pankaj
Published: August 2022

COVID-19,
the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by significant abnormalities
of the hematopoietic as well as the hemostatic system. These abnormalities have
important prognostic as well as therapeutic implications in the management of
these patients. Lymphopenia has emerged as a cardinal manifestation of
COVID-19, which correlates with the severity of the cytokine storm and confers
an adverse prognosis. Although not associated with direct cytopathic effects of
SARSCoV- 2, anemia and thrombocytopenia are commonly present, with increased
incidence in critically ill patients. It has been suggested that an ineffective
adoptive immune response may be responsible for the hyper-inflammatory state
and cytokine response in patients with severe COVID-19. Dysregulation of the
macrophage phenotype may be associated with secondary HLH like physiology with
hyperferritinemia and multi-organ dysfunction. The coagulation abnormalities
are characterized by normal or elevated fibrinogen levels and are distinct from
DIC. This distinct coagulopathy is labelled as COVID coagulopathy. It is
predominant due to local microangiopathy and endothelial dysfunction in
involved organs, such as the pulmonary vasculature. The hypercoagulable state
is associated with a higher risk of arterial and venous thrombosis and a trend
towards an increase in vaso-occlusive events, such as myocardial infarction and
stroke. The D-Dimer elevation is seen in approximately 50% of patients, and increasing
value during hospitalization indicates a poor prognosis. Finally, a comprehensive
understanding of these pathophysiological states may help us in devising
treatment protocols with a combination of antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulation
strategies for best treatment outcomes.
SARS-COV-2 Ingress - Triggering COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Sriram Anitha , Bhor Yojana , Mahajan Srushti , Kumar Rahul , Srivastava Saurabh , Kumar Khatri Dharmendra , Bala Singh Shashi , Kumar Singh Pankaj
Published: August 2022

An important keynote that should be kept in mind is that to curb the
spreading of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, one should understand how it enters host cells.
This review provides deep insights into mechanistic intervention approaches of 2019-
nCoV that target its host cell entry mechanisms. Majorly, there are three entryways for
2019-nCoV to target and infect the host cell, which is highly expressed with ACE2.
The ‘S’- priming of TMPRSS2 associated cleavage is the primary entryway for a virus
to access the targeted host cell via mediating the fusion process. The second way for
virus entry is through the endocytosis phenomenon. The third way for virus entry is S
pre-priming or S pre-cleaving of furin mediated fusion. Recent studies have proved that
S1/S2' is a proteolytic cleavage site responsible for mediating viral entry. Hence,
several protease inhibitors could be the potential targets to block proteolytic cleavage
of the spike protein. This review describes the different entryways of 2019-nCoV and
the impactful role of TMPRSS2 and furin host enzymes for a virus to get access into
the targeted host cell; pre-fusion and post-fusion conformational states of 2019-nCoV
spike protein; the role of viral suppressors of RNA in host immune evasion and the role
of SPs, NSPs, and Orfs of 2019-nCoV in host immune evasion (host IFN response).
Mutations of 2019-nCoVand its variants are reviewed in this article.
Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Combat COVID-19
Authors: Sriram Anitha , Pardhi Ekta , Maji Indrani , Kumar Rahul , Kumar Khatri Dharmendra , Bala Singh Shashi , Srivastava Saurabh , Kumar Singh Pankaj
Published: August 2022

COVID-19 disease is still affecting millions of people due to its high
infectivity rate and attack rate. The host body's immune response to 2019-nCoV is one
of the major factors to cause disease more severe, leading to cytokine storm syndrome
(CSS). In fatal cases of COVID-19, pathological testing has confirmed the presence of
immune hyper-activation, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and
collateral tissue damage. Furthermore, rational control of 2019-nCoV immune
responses, including boosting antiviral immunity while reducing systemic
inflammation, may be crucial for effective and successful treatment. Hence, immune
therapy is one of the best choices to combat immunopathogenesis-derived COVID-19
disease. We present possible immunotherapies based upon the immune response to
2019-nCoV and dysfunction of the immune response of CSS. Correct
immunomodulation may be useful for severe or critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Moreover, immunomodulators usage, either immunosuppressants or immune
enhancers, will depend on the progressive course point of COVID-19 disease and the
immune status of that patient. In this entry, we reviewed the various
immunotherapeutic strategies, including current investigational candidates of natural
immune modulators, convalescent plasma therapy, monoclonal antibodies therapy, IFN
therapy, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy. The main aim of this review
article is to address the current findings and experience in immunotherapy against
COVID-19.
Nanotechnology Impact and It’s Future Perspectives on COVID-19 Therapy
Authors: Sriram Anitha , Kumar Rahul , Maji Indrani , Kumar Khatri Dharmendra , Bala Singh Shashi , Srivastava Saurabh , Kumar Singh Pankaj
Published: August 2022

Nanoscience deals with the study of materials at nanoscale dimensions. It
has been shown that modernizing drugs to a nanosized delivery system will afford
fruitful outcomes with enhanced efficacy against the virus, reduction of the drug dose
and improved targetability with enhanced/sustained bioavailability, If the drug dose is
reduced, the dose-related side effects are reduced. Dose reduction through
nanotechnology also limits non-target tissue toxicity. Hence, nanotechnology has
remarkable potential in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to their small molecular level
of tunable size, nanopharmaceuticals (in the form of nanoparticles) will easily enter the
cells or tissues. The case of COVID-19, they interact with the virus and act accordingly
and might inhibit the viral processes of 2019nCoV in COVID-19.