bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM PELATIHAN DAN PENERAPAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN K3 TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA ANGGOTA PADA DINAS PEMADAM KEBAKARAN KOTA BEKASI
Authors: Sari Meta Luvita , Sari Rycha Kuwara
Published: January 2022

This research was conducted to determine whether there is an effect of the implementation of training programs and the application of occupational safety and health management systems on the work productivity of members of the Bekasi city fire department. Based on the results of the research on the Implementation of the Training Program and the Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (K3) on the Work Productivity of Employees at the Bekasi City Fire Department, there is an effect either partially or simultaneously. The conclusion of this study is that the Implementation of the Training Program and Implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (K3) explains the effect on the Work Productivity of Members at the Bekasi City FireService by 53.8%, while the rest is influenced by other independent variables that are not researched.
Fenómenos y percepciones acerca de la pandemia: un estudio con estudiantes universitarios en Brasil
Authors: Marques Duarte José Lucas , Fossatti Paulo , Jung Hildegard Susana , dos Santos Joanah Dal Mas
Published: January 2022

El estudio aborda las percepciones de estudiantes universitarios brasileños sobre la pandemia COVID-19. El objetivo es investigar los efectos de la pandemia en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y en la salud mental de estudiantes de psicología y pedagogía de una Universidad del sur de Brasil. La metodología es cualitativa, en un estudio de caso con un cuestionario aplicado a estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: de los 57 estudiantes que respondieron, el 75,4% eran del curso de psicología y el 24,6% de pedagogía. Cuando se le preguntó cuánto afecta la pandemia al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la universidad, el 54,38% respondió que interfiere mucho, el 21,05% interfiere muchísimo y el 12,5% interfiere un poco. Se justifican, principalmente, por las respuestas: falta de concentración, falta de intercambio presencial en clase, sobrecarga de actividades en clases online. Para la pregunta relacionada con la salud mental, cuánto afecta la pandemia al desempeño de los estudiantes en el aula, el 50% respondió que interfiere mucho, el 28,33% interfiere muchísimo y el 19,33% interfiere muy poco. Finalmente, se señala que el primer paso para cambiar y transformar los efectos colaterales de la pandemia en la vida de estudiantes universitarios radica en pensar sobre los fenómenos producidos, para abordarlos.
KULA KAZASINDA EĞİTİM (1880-1914)
Authors: Çakmak Biray , Alacücük Serap
Published: January 2022

Çalışmada 19. yüzyıl sonunda-20. yüzyıl başında Kula Kazası’nda geleneksel ve modern eğitim kurumları ana hatlarıyla ele alınmıştır. Birinci el arşiv ve matbu kaynaklara dayalı olarak yapılan çalışmada Kula Kazası’nda başlıca eğitim kurumlarını sıbyan/ibtidâî mektepleri, erkek rüşdiye mektebi ve çırak mektebinin oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Kula Kasabası’nda Rumlara ait ibtidâî ve rüşdî derecelerde mekteplerin faaliyet gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Kula Kasabası’nda Fransız Katolik misyonerlerin de eğitim kurumları açtıkları görülmüştür. İlaveten geleneksel eğitim kurumları olan medreselerin faaliyetlerine devam ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma daha ziyade Kula Kazası’ndaki eğitimi kurumsal olarak ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
إرشاد الألبّاء بما ورد في السنة في التعامل مع الوباء دراسة استقرائية
Authors: Musawnaq Fares Yaslam
Published: January 2022

إن الأمراض تختلف طبيعتها في الكثرة والقلة؛ فمنها ما يصيب القليل من الناس، ومنها ما يَعم فئة كثيرة، وهو ما يُسمى بـ: "الوباء"، فجاءت الشريعة الإسلامية في كيفية التعامل معه، وأفضل ما يجب الرجوع إليه السنة النبوية، فجاءت أحاديث في طرق التعامل مع الأوبئة، فالبحث في جمع الأحاديث الواردة في التعامل مع الوباء قبل حدوثته أو عند وقوعه، وجمع كل الأحاديث التي وردت بلفظ الوباء وما يشتق منه.
DETERMINANTS OF LABOUR DEMAND, A CASE OF MOGADISHU CITY, SOMALIA
Authors: Mohamed Mahad
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of labour demand, a case of Mogadishu City, Somalia.Methodology: The paper employed desktop methodology, which involved review of existing literature relating to the study topic. The design involves a review of existing studies relating to the research topic.Results: Based on the findings the study identified cost as a key determinant of labour demand, especially, in the formal sector. Previous studies indicate that most firms demand for cheap labour. The study also identified education as an important determinant of demand for labour in the World. Owing to the increasing global competitiveness, firms demand for highly skilled and competent workforce. Unfortunately, majority of workforce in developing countries such as Somalia do not have the right skills and competence.  Further,  the study concluded that a country with a stable economic growth enjoys high demand for labour. This is because the available workforce is skilled and competent enough.  However, in developing countries such as Somalia, the demand for labour is very low. Somalia has experienced long period of economic slowdown, and this has affected the quality of workforce.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the study findings the study recommends that the federal government of Somalia should adopt measures to regulate labour cost. The study also recommends that the government should adopt more measures to promote education. The study further recommends for international interventions to ensure that Somalia’s economy gets back on its fit. Stable economic growth will lead to increased demand for labour.
A MONETARY ANALYSIS OF GHANA: EXAMINING THE IMPACT AND THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MONETARY POLICY AND INFLATION IN GHANA
Authors: Amaning Edmund Obeng , Seidu Ali Napari
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to examine the impact and the causal relationship between monetary policy and inflation in Ghana.Methodology: Annual time series data spanning from 1985 to 2017 with Auto Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) model were employed for the analysis.Findings: The outcome from the study shows that, monetary policy rate had insignificant negative relationship with inflation in both the short and the long run. Again, interest rate, domestic investment and money supply were found to have significant positive impact on inflation in both the long and the short run for a specific period chosen for the study.The causal relationship shows that monetary policy rate granger causes money supply within the period understudyUnique contribution to theory and practice: The study recommends that policy makers need to keenly consider the levels of money supply in Ghana so as to ensure a stable retail price levels. The Government of Ghana needs to evaluate the prevailing levels of retail prices and set the interest rates on the 91-day Treasury bills because they are majorly treated as risk free rate hence determines other interest rates and inflation levels in Ghana.
Empresas familiares: una mirada a su funcionamiento
Authors: Encinas Orozco Francisca Cecilia , Anzola Morales Olga Lucía , Vargas Caicedo José , Coronado García Manuel Arturo , Rojas Rodríguez Isaac Shamir , Martínez Verdugo Juan Carlos , Cruz Chávez Plácido Roberto , Verdugo Tapia María Leticia , Rossetti López Sergio Ramón , Leyva Carreras Alma Brenda , López Maldonado Norma Esther , Ibáñez Pérez Reyna María , Galindo Domínguez Laura Estela , Torres Figueroa María Guadalupe , Mendoza Olea Laura Delia , Campos Contreras Erendira , Lara Soto Yessica
Published: January 2022

La comprensión del comportamiento del consumidor es fundamental en una economía de mercado para cubrir sus expectativas. Tras décadas de investigación con el fin de entender la lógica del consumo, queda en evidencia la necesidad de considerar los comportamientos disfuncionales de los clientes, aquellos que son contrarios a lo socialmente aceptable, a las reglas de la empresa y que perturban el orden. Producto de una minuciosa revisión teórica, este libro ofrece al lector un acercamiento conceptual al consumidor, su tipología y sus conductas disfuncionales. En la primera parte, se contextualizan las características del sector servicios y se introduce al tema de los comportamientos negativos de los clientes. En la segunda, se exponen y clasifican estas conductas en tres niveles de acuerdo a su gravedad. Y en el último apartado, se ofrecen estrategias para gestionar este tipo de conflictos en empresas de servicios, lo cual coadyuva en la rentabilidad y perdurabilidad de las mismas.
Sodium Chloride Injury on Buds of Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, and Viburnum lantana
Authors: Zimmerman E.M. , Jull L.G.
Published: January 2022

Dormant lateral buds of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata Mill.), and wayfaringtree viburnum (Viburnum lantana L.) were collected and exposed to nine NaCl concentrations: 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, 16,000, 32,000, and 64,000 mg/L (0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, 16,000, 32,000, and 64,000 ppm) in December 2001 and January and March 2002. Electrolyte leakage and visual observations of inner and outer tissue discoloration were used to assess injury. Bud injury generally increased as NaCl concentration increased. Bud morphologies of each species were related to tissue discoloration patterns; naked buds were more susceptible to NaCl than those with bud scales. Buds also exhibited seasonal NaCl resistance; the greatest resistance occurred in December. Norway maple, wayfaringtree viburnum, and littleleaf linden buds experienced 50% electrolyte leakage at calculated NaCl values of 12,941, 16,901, and 42,594 mg/L (12,941, 16,901, and 42,594 ppm) NaCl, respectively, but no severe inner tissue discoloration occurred at any level of NaCl treatment. In January, 50% electrolyte leakage occurred at lower NaCl concentrations in Norway maple [7,165 mg/L (7,165 ppm)] and littleleaf linden buds [27,118 mg/L (27,118 ppm)]. Moderate to severe inner tissue injury was detected for all species at 1,000 mg/L (1,000 ppm) NaCl. Buds were most susceptible to NaCl injury in March, with moderate to severe inner tissue discoloration occurring in wayfaringtree viburnum and littleleaf linden buds at 500 mg/L (500 ppm) NaCl.
Response of Oaks and Elm to Soil Inoculations With Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobacteria in a Nursery
Authors: Rao Balakrishna , Marx Donald , Jeffers Brian
Published: January 2022

Live oak (Quercus virginiana), laurel oak (Q. laurifolia), and Drake elm (Ulmus parvifolia) seedlings were grown for 1 year in 4 L (1 gal) containers and then transplanted on 3 m (10 ft) centers at a nursery in Florida, U.S. Two years later, in April 2002, ten seedlings per tree species were treated by (1) soil injection with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria; (2) drenching with rhizobacteria and soil fungi applied monthly for 5 months; (3) a combination of (1) and (2); (4) drenching with Subdue® fungicide; or (5) nontreated controls. Root growth and mycorrhizal development were measured with root ingrowth cores. After 1 year (1 April, 2003), mycorrhizal development and root growth as well as stem calipers were greater in treatments containing the mycorrhizal fungi for all three species. The rhizobacteria treatment also increased root and stem growth on Drake elm. The fungicide, Subdue, did not significantly affect mycorrhizal development or root or stem growth. There were few naturally occurring mycorrhizae on roots of trees in this nursery.
Managing Calico Scale (Hemiptera: Coccidae) Infestations on Landscape Trees
Authors: Hubbard Jamee , Potter Daniel
Published: January 2022

Calico scale, Eulecanium cerasorum (Cockerell), an invasive pest of shade trees, has reached outbreak levels in landscapes and on horse farms in Kentucky, U.S. We evaluated efficacy and timing of conventional and reduced-risk foliar insecticides as well as trunk-injected or soil-applied systemics for managing E. cerasorum. Acephate, bifenthrin, carbaryl, cyfluthrin, and pyriproxyfen killed young settled crawlers on individually sprayed shoots. Whole-canopy pyrethroid sprays, however, gave <66% control, underscoring the difficulty of reaching settled crawlers within large shade trees. Horticultural oil and insecticidal soap were relatively ineffective even with full spray coverage. Preventive sprays with bifenthrin or pyriproxyfen in mid-May, at first egg hatch, intercepted crawlers before they settled on leaves. Dormant oil failed to control overwintered nymphs or reduce subsequent numbers of adults or crawlers. A plant antitranspirant applied in late March provided 33% suppression. Trunk-injected imidacloprid was ineffective, whereas dicrotophos (bidrin) gave at best <50% control. Soil injection with imidacloprid in November, December, or March failed to reduce subsequent densities of adults on branches or crawlers on leaves. Reasons why it is difficult to eliminate calico scale in mature landscape trees are discussed in the context of the pest’s feeding sites and behavior.
An Econometric Model to Predict Participation in Urban and Community Forestry Programs in South Carolina, U.S.
Authors: Fleming J. Jess , Straka Thomas , Miller Stephen
Published: January 2022

A regression-based econometric model was generated from a statewide survey of South Carolina, U.S., residents concerning participation in urban and community forestry programs. The econometric model attempts to estimate the probability of an individual’s participation. Results are intended to increase effectiveness of program planning and organization within state forestry commissions. Model 1 was created as follows: participation = F (gender, age, education, marital status, region, area raised, area reside, household, duties, and income). Because these responses represented qualitative values, a number of dummy variables (0 or 1, for example, for yes or no) were generated to more accurately reflect the values for participation and a logit model was used. Logit regression analysis produces a value between 0 and 1 that can be interpreted as a probability. Model 2, with fewer variables, was later created to reduce possible multicollinearity problems. Model 1 had a pseudo-R 2value of 0.2955 or a 29.55% probability of having a correct prediction for participation. Model 2 had a pseudo-R 2value of 0.2407. The models produced reasonable predictions of participation.
An Integrated Pest Management Success Story: Orangestriped Oakworm Control in Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.
Authors: Schultz Peter , Sivyer David
Published: January 2022

Pesticide applications directed against the orangestriped oakworm declined by over 80% the first year after implementation of an aesthetic injury threshold into an Integrated Pest Management program. After a moderate resurgence 2 years later, pesticide use further declined with no pesticides applied against this pest in the past 7 years. Cost and pesticide use decreased from $6,795 and 55,000 L (14,300 gal) in 1986 to $877 and 7,800 L (2,028 gal) in 1988 and no cost since 1999.
Investigation of Screen Time Inclination and the Accompanying Visual and Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Young Smartphone Users
Authors: Chen Ai-Hong , Rosli Saiful Azlan , Basri Ramlah , Hoe Cosette Yoon Wey
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the screen time inclination and its accompanying visual and musculoskeletal discomfort in young smartphone users. Thirty-one smartphone users aged between 20 - 30 years old were recruited through convenient sampling. The screen time patterns were recorded daily for a week and documented using Action Dash on Google Play Store according to the times of the day (morning, afternoon evening and night). Accompanying visual and musculoskeletal symptoms were examined through a self-reporting questionnaire survey. The questions used in the questionnaire were adapted and modified from the Asthenopia Questionnaire and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Results showed that young smartphone users spent approximately 30 % of their time on screen and were relatively similar for different times of the day. Daily screen time was approximately 7.36 ± 1.74 h. Most users engaged in WhatsApp (74 %), followed by YouTube (68 %), Instagram (65 %) and Twitter (39 %). Tired eyes were reported by all smartphone users. A positive correlation was only found between weekly screen time and eye strain (p < 0.05). All musculoskeletal symptoms were self-reported by young smartphone users in our study but anatomical locations varied in percentages. Neck pain was the most significant musculoskeletal symptom associated with screen time (OR = 4.80, 95 % CI: 0.95 - 24.14, p < 0.05). Every smartphone user reported at least 1 type of visual symptom. All smartphone users reported tired eyes. In conclusion, our results showed that smartphone users spent one third of their time daily on-screen and mostly on social media. Tired eyes and neck pain were the most common accompanying symptoms. Visuo-skeletal symptoms are common among young and healthy smartphone users. Our findings advocate that future strategic plans to address digital related health problems from the perspective of health education, promotion and protection should be inclusive of youth. 

HIGHLIGHTS

Excessive screen time is a public health concern

Adverse health implications have been linked to excessive electronic usage

Smartphone users spend one-third of their time daily on-screen and mostly on social media

Visuo-skeletal symptoms are common among young and healthy smartphone users

Tired eyes and neck pain are the most common accompanying symptoms

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Dar a otro modo y orden: estrategia institucional de formación docente para los planes de estudio Manresa
Authors: Ramírez Robledo Juan Carlos
Published: January 2022

En este artículo se describen las características, los fundamentos conceptuales y los procedimientos para el diseño y la implementación de la estrategia institucional de formación docente de la Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México para acompañar la operación de los nuevos Planes de Estudio Manresa de licenciatura. La pedagogía ignaciana fue la base para establecer sus propósitos y contenidos, especialmente en la constitución de un modo de proceder pedagógico que valora las interrelaciones entre los agentes educativos de la universidad.
The Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm and its Relevance for the Jesuit University
Authors: Garanzini SJ Michael J. , Baur Michael
Published: January 2022

The article describes the seven characteristics that should identify a Jesuit university nowadays: 1) Pedagogical practices at Jesuit universities should promote authentic dialog and reconciliation; 2) Pedagogical practices at Jesuit universities should promote human excellence in every aspect of human life; 3) Pedagogical practices at Jesuit universities should promote exploration and discovery focused on and among disciplines; 4) Programs and practices at Jesuit universities should promote exploration and intercultural appreciation; 5) Jesuit universities should contribute both in theory and in practice to the promotion of justice in society as a whole and within society’s various institutions; 6) A Jesuit classroom should promote the construction of a global vision in students and professors; and 7) Internships and programs at Jesuit universities should promote authentic spiritual growth and faith development.Based on the key approaches of the Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm (IPP) and having in view that this is not a prefabricated model ready to be applied, its particularities in higher education are contextualized in light of the reflections of the Society General Superiors.The characteristics or identifiers presented motivate educational institutions to build an identitythat responds to a long tradition of Jesuit education and constant renewal of their commitment toform leaders to heal a broken world.
Ciudadanía mundial y humanismo jesuita
Authors: Bermeo Vega José Luis
Published: January 2022

Este artículo presenta un cotejo entre las grandes líneas que han caracterizado el humanismo promovido por los jesuitas en la Universidad Iberoamericana (Ibero) y los principales planteamientos del paradigma educativo de la ciudadanía mundial. Después de hacer un recuento de las convergencias sustanciales de las distintas maneras de entender y concretar el humanismo jesuita en la Ibero, el texto expone esquemáticamente las líneas primordiales de la ciudadanía mundial. Los evidentes paralelismos entre ambas perspectivas permiten mostrar, por una parte, la vigencia y actualidad de la centenaria tradición educativa de los jesuitas y, al mismo tiempo, invitan a profundizar el análisis comparativo, en vistas a ensayar una traducción del núcleo de dicha tradición humanista a esta lingua franca, animada propuesta por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (Unesco, por sus siglas en inglés).
PROPUESTA DE LA MEJOR POLÍTICA EN LA ENCÍCLICA FRATELLI TUTTI
Authors: Cuda Emilce
Published: January 2022

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PRESENTACIÓN
Authors: Sols Lucia José
Published: January 2022

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THE PARABLE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN, CLERICALISM, AND THE SEXUAL ABUSE CRISIS IN THE AUSTRALIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Ormerod Neil
Published: January 2022

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CONFLICTOS Y ARMONÍA: ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LA ENCÍCLICA FRATELLI TUTTI Y DE LAS POLÍTICAS SOCIALES EN CHINA
Authors: Meynard, S.J. Thierry
Published: January 2022

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PENINGKATAN EKONOMI KELUARGA MELALUI PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KESEHATAN IBU PADA KELOMPOK DASAWISMA
Authors: Nurlaela EMI , Rahmawati Ferida
Published: January 2022

Kondisi ekonomi keluarga dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan ibu. Masalah kesehatan ibu masih menjadi perhatian semua pihak. Berbagai upaya harus dilakukan diantaranya dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu. Peningkatan pengetahuan ibu mengenai kondisi patologis yang dapat terjadi pada kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas mencegah secara dini kegawatdaruratan yang dapat berakibat fatal, baik kesakitan maupun kematian ibu dan bayinya. Pengenalan kondisi patologis tersebut dilakukan pada semua lapisan masyarakat agar masyarakat dapat turut peduli, mengidentifikasi kondisi patologis yang ada disekitar tempat tinggalnya, melakukan upaya rujukan yang tepat dan cepat agar keterlambatan dapat dicegah. Berdasarkan paparan tersebut maka kami merasa perlu untuk menyebarluaskan informasi mengenai kondisi patologis pada kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas dimasyarakat melalui kelompok-kelompok masyarakat seperti kelompok dasawisma (DAWIS). Dasawisma merupakan kelompok masyarakat yang terdiri dari 10-20 keluarga dengan tempat tinggal berdekatan, melakukan berbagai kegiatan dalam rangka meningatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, meningkatkan kerukunan antar tetangga, mengatasi permasalahan termasuk kesehatan ibu. Kegiatan pertemuan dasawisma yang dilakukan setiap bulan sekali yang semula hanya diisi dengan arisan, pengumpulan dana kebersihan dan dana-dana rukun warga maupun rukun tetangga, dapat lebih lebih bermanfaat bila diisi dengan kegiatan pendidikan kesehatan sehingga perluasan informasi dan pengetahuan mengenai kesehatan ibu dapat lebih efektif dan efisien.
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJERIAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KEPALA MADRASAH DI MTs SWASTA DARUL HIKMAH TELUK MEKU PKL. BERANDAN
Authors: Muhammad Habib Fachrul Rozi, Novita Sari,
Published: January 2022

The aims of this study are as follows: 1) To find out how managerial is at Private Mts Darul Hikmah Teluk Meku Pkl Berandan; 2) To find out how the performance of Madrasah Principals at Mts Swasta Darul Hikmah Teluk Meku Pkl Berandan; 3) To find out whether managerial implementation can improve the performance of Madrasah Principals at Private MTs Darul Hikmah Teluk Meku Pkl Berandan. The performance of the Madrasah Principal can be said to be an illustration of the good and bad results achieved by education managers in the process of implementing the education process in schools. This type of research is qualitative research. There are two kinds of data sources in this study, namely primary data sources and secondary data sources. Primary data sources include the subject, namely the principal and teacher of MTs Darul Hikmah Teluk Meku Pkl. Laman, while the secondary data sources are in the form of documents, written notes related to the research focus. Data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The data obtained during the study were analyzed by data reduction steps, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Meanwhile, the data validity test was carried out with persistence and triangulation observations. The triangulation used in this research is source triangulation. The results of this study indicate that regarding the managerial skills of the madrasah principal in improving the quality of learning, there are several indicators, namely, technical skills, conceptual skills, human relations skills, learning planning, implementation of the learning process and assessment of learning outcomes. In the technical mastery of madrasah principals to improve the quality of learning, madrasah principals are armed with their experiences while being principals and madrasah principals utilize school facilities and infrastructure such as using LCDs when learning For human relations skills, the principal always communicates with the teachers by greeting them every day. And for conceptual skills, to solve problems faced by the head of the madrasah, he always invites teachers to meet so that problems can be resolved.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Metode Field Trip Dalam Pembelajaran IPS Di SD Negeri 56 Aek Batu Kecamatan Torgamba
Authors: Simamora Rusmawati
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan metode field trip materi Sisitem Perekonomian Indonesia dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 56 Aek Batu Kecamatan Torgamba. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas  dengan 2 siklus,  setiap siklus terdiri 4 kegiatan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi  yang diikuti oleh perencanaan pada siklus berikutnya dengan memanfaatkan hasil refleksi sebelumnya Subjek penelitian adalah  siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 56 Aek Batu Kecamatan Torgamba Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022 sebanyak 40 orang. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan pembelajaran IPS dengan penerapan  metode pembelajaran field trip  dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya hasil belajar setiap siklus yaitu dari rata-rata 67,67 menjadi rata-rata 83,19.
Extracorporeal Reconstruction of the Radial Head
Authors: Kow Ren Yi  , Zaharul Azri Mustapha Zakaria  , Ruben Jaya Kumar  , Low Chooi Leng  , Khairul Nizam Siron Baharom
Published: January 2022

Radial head fractures are common in adults. The radial head acts as an important stabilizer of the radius, especially during the forearm pronation and supination. Surgical treatment of Mason type III fracture of the radial head includes radial head excision, radial head replacement and open reduction and internal fixation. For patients treated with radial head excision, the radius might migrate proximally, causing complications such as chronic pain at the wrist, forearm, and elbow. On the other hand, radial head arthroplasty is associated with a high revision and removal rate. Hence, openreduction and internal fixation are preferred when feasible. This is technically demanding due to the severe displacement of the radial head fragments and limited surgical space. Mr K, a 30-year-old manual worker sustained a closed right radial head fracture Mason type III after an alleged fall. The radial head was displaced anteriorly. Intra-operatively, the radial headpieces were retrieved and were reconstructed extracorporeal and fixed with a miniplate. The patient subsequently recovered with good function. The new technique of extracorporeal reconstruction of the radial head offers a viable option to the surgeon with similar, or even better, outcomes in terms of elbow function.
Gallstone Ileus with Resolution of Bile Leak Post-Subtotal Cholecystectomy and Spontaneous Closure of Cholecystoduodenal Fistula: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jessy Ng Suk Ning  , Satkunan Mark  , Yan Yang Wai
Published: January 2022

Gallstone ileus (GSI) is a mechanical intraluminal bowel obstruction caused by biliary calculi through the biliary-enteric fistula. This is a rare sequela of cholelithiasis occurring in 0.3 – 1.5% of patients with worrying mortality of 11.7 – 20%. This is a case of GSI in a 67-year-old woman who presented with small bowel obstruction secondary to impaction of biliary calculi at terminal ileum with underlying cholecystoduodenal fistula (CDF). Enterolithotomy with stone extraction (ES) was performed, followed by subtotal reconstituting cholecystectomy due to iatrogenic gallbladder perforation. The diagnosis of GSI is ascertained by the presence of the Rigler’s triad on abdominal X-ray, while CDF was demonstrated by post-surgery CT images. Bile leak post-operation was managed conservatively based on the SNAP (Sepsis, Nutrition, Anatomy, Plan) approach, and spontaneous closure of CDF was observed. In a nutshell, GSI should always be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of mechanical bowel obstruction, especially among elderly female patients. Radiological findings of Rigler’s triad aid clinical diagnosis of GSI. Despite its rare incidence, early diagnosis is crucial as it is readily treatable with surgery. ES alone is the gold standard in the management of GSI.
Acne Vulgaris: More Than Skin Deep
Authors: Tan Jia Yi
Published: January 2022

Acne vulgaris is one of the recognized skin issues among adolescents, though occasionally it may persist through adulthood. Though being popularly known to the communities, its impact on the patients is often less recognized, minimized or worse neglected. Acne vulgaris can cause an ample amount of psychological stress among the affected individuals which may increase the likelihood of psychiatric comorbidity. Depression is one of the psychiatric burdens associated with acne vulgaris. Therefore, it is considered more than a skin disorder. Instead of perceiving it as normal, it should be recognized as one of the most prevalent skin disorders which need early treatment to prevent exacerbation and also avoid permanent scarring.
Larval Ecology of Anopheles Mosquitoes in Kudat, Sabah
Authors: Wilfredo Escalante Aure  , Nelia Palaria Salazar  , Tock Hing Chua
Published: January 2022

The emergence of human Plasmodium knowlesi malaria appeared to have been precipitated by the displacement of the natural environment of macaques and Anopheles mosquitoes resulting from deforestation and land-use changes in Malaysia. A longitudinal survey of larval habitats was conducted from May 2015 to April 2016 in the District of Kudat, Sabah to better understand how these changes have affected mosquitoes across six land use categories. Larvae were collected by dipping and reared in the laboratory for the identification of adults. Five anopheline and three culicine species were present: Anopheles balabacensis, An. barbirostris, An. lesteri, An. borneensis, An. umbrosus, Aedes albopictus, Culex gelidus, and Toxorhynchites sp. An. balabacensis was found in all six land-use types. Biodiversity by genera was high in all land-use types. The relative importance of land use types and larval habitats as sources of potential vectors was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis H test by ranks. In decreasing order Anopheles larvae were found in rubber tree plantation > coconut plantation > clearing site > palm oil plantation > forest > settlement area. Important larval habitats were intermittent stream > ditch > pond > artificial container > puddle > river > slow-flowing stream. Eighteen breeding sites of An. balabacensis were within (500 m) the average maximum flight range of the species and houses at risk for malaria. Knowledge gained from the study can be used to assess the need for vector control in preventing the spread of P. knowlesi in vulnerable areas.
THE TRANSNASAL APPROACH TO SELLAR LESIONS. A NEUROSURGICAL EXPERIENCE AND PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Bukhari Syed Sarmad , Kalsoom Anisa , Junaid Muhammad , Raza Maqbool
Published: January 2022

The transnasal approach for pituitary lesions has been adopted increasingly by neurosurgeons for removing sellar lesions. It has made surgery in this region safer with fewer complications in experienced hands. However, the approach requires good knowledge of nasal anatomy and formal training to achieve good results since the territory is unfamiliar to most neurosurgeons. The approach has a somewhat steep learning curve. In our experience of 41 cases, we have presented here. We have discussed the history of this approach, technique and relevant complications and their avoidance.
ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH TINNITUS
Authors: Khan Sikandar Ali , Raza Maqbool , Farooq Shahid , Tariq Muhammad , Chandio Muzafar , Rafique Atif
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the presence and severity of depression and anxiety in patients with tinnitus.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at department of Psychiatry, Combined Military Hospital Multan in collaboration with ENT department, Combined Military Hospital Multan, from Sep 2019 to Mar 2020.

Methodology: All diagnosed cases of tinnitus in ENT out-patient department Tinnitus Handicap inventory (THI) was applied to assess the severity of tinnitus. Diagnosis of depression and Anxiety was done based on diagnostic criteria of ICD10 of WHO and symptom severity was assessed using Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI) for depression and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) for Anxiety.

Results: A total of 88 participants were included in this study. Fifty-three (60.2%) were male, 35 (39.7%) were females. Twentythree (20.2%) ranged between 18-40 years of age, 65 (57.2%) participants ranged between 41-60 years of age. Seven (12.5%) participants scored less than 38 on tinnitus handicap inventory showing mild severity of tinnitus, 3 (5.3%) individuals scored moderate while 19 (33.9%) had severe level of tinnitus. Thirty-three (37%) participants had depression 55 (62%) out of total 88 participants had anxiety.

Conclusion: Studies show presence of anxiety and depression in patients with tinnitus so it seems prudent to screen all patients of tinnitus for psychiatric co morbidity. A multidisciplinary approach is required for the treatment of patients with tinnitus so that physical as well as psychiatric/psychological management of these patients is provided well in time.
MEDICAL VS SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR SYMPTOMATIC ENLARGED INFERIOR TURBINATE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Rehman Habib -Ur- , Wahid Fazal -I- , Zada Bakht , Javaid Muhammad , Haq Naseem Ul
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the nasal patency after reducing the size of hypertrophied inferior turbinate with medication and surgery.

Study Design: Prospective comparative study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Teaching Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2019.

Methodology: This study was conducted at the After-sample size calculation using an online sample size calculator (OpenEpi) and after obtaining informed consent patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group A were put on medicine only and in group B surgery was conducted to reduce the size of hypertrophied inferior turbinate. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: This study comprised of total 86 patients, in the age range 15-55 years with mean ± SD age 33.47 ± 9.57 years. Males were 47 (54.7%) and females were 39 (45.3%) with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. In group A, males were 22 (25.25%), females were 21 (24.41%), while in group B males were 25 (29.1%) and females were 18 (20.3%). There was no statistically significant difference in nasal patency between the two groups before treatment (p=0.59) and after 10 days of treatment (p=0.69). However, at the end of one month, there was a statistically significant difference in nasal patency between the medically treated and surgically treated groups of patients (p=0.023).Conclusion: Surgical treatment is significantly effective than medical treatment alone.
CURATIVE BENEFIT OF SUBMUCOPERICHONDRIAL RESECTION OPERATION ON PULMONARY AR
Authors: Sheikh Nadeem Ahmed , Choudhary Azhar Ali , Nadeem Kanwal , Khursheed Areeba , Fatima Rida , Shah Syed Ausaf Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Objective: We aimed at establishing a correlation between deviated nasal septum and pulmonary artery hypertension in patients reporting in Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) clinic at Combined Military Hospital Quetta, and evaluating the beneficial impact of sub mucoperichondrial resection (SMR) operation on right heart myocardial function, primarily related to Pulmonary Arterial Pressures of these patients of longstanding nasal septal deviation.

Study Design: Descriptive; hospital-based cross-sectional survey.

Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Otorhinolaryngology & Cardiology, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta, from Sep 2019 to Apr 2021.

Methodology: Electrocardiographic and 2-Dimensional Echocardiographic parameters of 87 randomized patients suffering from symptomatic longstanding deviated nasal septum (DNS) who had consented to undergo sub mucoperichondrial resection (SMR) operation were compared and studied for any change in status of probability of pulmonary arterial hypertension before and two months after their surgery. Probability of pulmonary hypertension was estimated using probability criteria from updated European Society of Cardiology Pulmonary Hypertension Guidelines 2019. Patients were classified into low, intermediate and high probability depending upon the number of criteria fulfilled by echocardiographic parameters.

Results: Two (2.3%) patients suffering from deviated nasal septum presented with p-pulmonale. Twelve (13.8%) reported with right bundle branch block, and 7 (8%) patients demonstrated right axis deviation on electrocardiography. Overall high probability to develop pulmonary hypertension was discovered in 2 (2.3%) patients. We observed a significant improvement in pulmonary artery pressures in patients suffering from long term upper airway obstruction, two months following sub mucoperichondrial resection operation, in terms of maximum velocity and peak tricuspid regurgitation, right ventricle/left..........
ENDOSCOPIC CARTILAGE TYMPANOPLASTY. OUR TECHNIQUE AND EXPERIENCE OF 157 CASES
Authors: Najam Muhammad Atif , Sarwar Urwa , Raza Maqbool , Khan Khalid Azam , Saleem Humaira , Niazi Najm u Saqib , Rashid Muhammad , Riaz Naeem
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the graft take rate and hearing gain in trans-canal endoscopic tympanoplasty Study

Design: Descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Ship Hafeez, Islamabad Pakistan, form Dec 2015 to Jun 2018

Methodology: All patients with dry central perforations of >3 months history were included in the study. All Patients with perforations of pars tensa were booked for endoscopic cartilage tympanoplasty. All perforations were divided into four types small, medium, large and subtotal or total based on size of the tympanic membrane perforations. Small perforations involving <25% area of Pars Tensa. Medium perforation are Perforations involving 25-50% of Tympanic membrane. Large perforations include Perforations involving 50-75% of pars tensa. Subtotal or total perforations are defined as perforations with >75% perforation of the tympanic membranes. Wet Ears and perforations involving the Pars Flacida were excluded from the study. Preoperative Audiogram was carried out for all patients and A-B Gap were noted for all groups separately so as the demographic data including age and gender. Success was defined as complete closure of Tympanic membrane perforation at 3 months. All patients were operated with 0 Degree 3mm, 14cm rigid endoscope under general anesthesia.

Results: Mean age of patients was. 37 years and standard deviation was 12.34 (range 12-58 years). Out of total 157 cases 81 patients male were males (51%) and 76 patients were females (49). Out of 157 ears operated 146 Perforations healed completely an overall success rate of 92%. Patients with small perforations had 100 percent success.....
CUSTOM MADE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL NASAL SPLINTS : A COST EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE
Authors: Waleem Sheikh Saadat Ullah , Ayub Muhammad Waqas , Ahmad Manzoor , Maqbool Shahzad , Raza Maqbool , Rahim Ejaz
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the usability and effectiveness of tailor made internal and external nasal splints after nasal surgery.

Study Design: An observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Kohat, from Nov 2015 to Aug 2017.

Methodology: the study was carried out on 523 patients who underwent nasal surgery by the same team of surgeons. Custom made free of cost internal and external nasal splints were used as required. Complications pertaining to the use of nasal splints were recorded.

Results: The custom made splints were found to be an excellent and cost effective alternative of commercially available expensive splints. The benefits and pitfalls were comparable.

Conclusion: Where these free of cost splints does the job they as well save a lot of money and can be used as an effective alternative to commercially available splints.
CHOLESTEATOMA PRESENTATION TRENDS IN KOHAT DIVISION
Authors: Ayub Muhammad Waqas , Waleem Sheikh Saadat Ullah , Afzal Mahrukh , Maqbool Shahzad , Raza Maqbool , Abbas Asim
Published: January 2022

Objective: To discuss the presentation stages of Cholesteatoma in patients of various areas of Kohat division.

Study Design: Case series study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Kohat, from Nov 2015 to Nov 2017.

Methodology: A total of 60 patients having Chronic Suppurative otitis media with Cholesteatoma were selected from outpatient department. Disease process was evaluated by otomicroscopy as well as radiologically. Perioperative disease spread pattern was also assessed and documented.

Results: Out of 28 patients with pars tensa cholesteatoma 28.5% were in stage II and 53.5% were in stage III disease. Out of 32 patients with pars flaccid cholesteatoma, 3.1% presented with stage 1 disease, 37.5% with stage II disease, 50% with stage III disease and 9.3% with stage IV disease.

Conclusion: Appropriate measures should be taken for training of general physicians as well as otologists at National level to help early diagnosis and better outcome.
COMPARISON OF ISOCONAZOLE NITRATE VERSUS NYSTATIN FOR TREATMENT OF OTOMYCOSIS
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ahmed , Anwar Bushra , Akram Sumera , Ahmed Attique , Akhtar Sunarays , Raza Maqbool
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare isoconazole nitrate versus nystatin for treatment of otomycosis.

Study Design: Quasi experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Bahawalpur and Combined Military Hospital Mardan, from Jan to Dec 2018.

Methodology: Total 204 cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected from outpatient department of Combined Military Hospital Bahawalpur and Mardan. They were divided into 2 groups of 102 each using random number tables. Group A cases were given Isocona-zole nitrate for application in external auditory meatus and group B cases were given Nystatin. All the cases were examined two weeks later and outcome was compared in terms of clinical improvement and symptoms resolution.

Results: Out of 204, 125 patients were females and rest 79 were males. Age range was from 12-87 years with mean age 31 ± 2.4. Both groups were identical in terms of gender. In group A patients, 74 (72.5%) showed marked improvement after two week, 15 (14.7%) showed moderate improvement and 13 (12.7%) showed minor improvement. However, in group B, 55 (53.9%) showed marked improvement after two week, 23 (22.5%) showed moderate improvement and 24 (23.5%) showed minor improvement. Group A treatment was found significantly better than group B treatment (p=0.021).

Conclusion: Isoconazole nitrate ointment was found significantly more effective for treating otomycosis than nystatin.
OCULAR SURFACE DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS WITH OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA USING TOPICAL ANTI-GLAUCOMA MEDICATIONS
Authors: Javaid Hassaan , Zafar Omar , Akram Seemal , Abbas Sana , Khan Ikram Ullah , Javaid Haroon
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of ocular surface disease among patients with open angle glaucoma using topical antiglaucoma medications presenting at a tertiary care eye hospital.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from May 2019 to Jan 2020.

Methodology: One hundred and eighty patients aged 18 or more, with open angle glaucoma using any of the topical antiglaucoma medications including preparations of dorzolamide, brimonidine, timolol, levobunolol, betaxolol, latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost or a combination of these for more than six months took part in the study. Ocular surface disease index was used to assess the presence and severity of ocular surface disease.

Results: Out of 180 patients of glaucoma managed with topical anti-glaucoma medications, 83 (46.1%) did not show presence of ocular surface disease when ocular surface disease index was administered. Twenty-nine (16.1%) patients had mild symptoms, 17 (9.4%) had moderate symptoms while 51 (28.3%) patients reported severe symptoms of ocular surface disease. Advancing age and longer duration of treatment with topical anti-glaucoma medications had statistically significant association with the presence of ocular surface disease (p-value <0.05).

Conclusion: Presence of ocular surface disease was a common finding among patients using topical agents for the management of glaucoma. Advancing age and prolonged use of anti-glaucoma medication emerged as risk factors statistically related to the presence of ocular surface disease.
DETERMINANTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG UPPER LIMB PROSTHESIS USERS PAKISTAN: A MULTICENTER STUDY
Authors: Sethi Faiza , Mumtaz Nazia , Saqulain Ghulam
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the quality of life among users of upper extremity prosthesis.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Day’s Medical Engineering and Artificial Limbs Center Multan and Pakistan Institute of Prosthetic and Orthotic Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, from Jul to Dec 2018.

Methodology: A sample population of 276 users of upper extremity prosthesis was recruited employing convenience sampling including both genders aged 20-50 years. Demographic sheet, 36- Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (Quick-DASH) were used to collect data followed by analysis using SPSS-22.

Results: Mean score on Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire was 49.2+25.4. The mean scores of 36- Item Short Form Health Survey revealed highest values in the domains of emotional wellbeing (55.8 ± 17.7) and energy/ fatigue (54.0 ± 14.3) while lowest values were noted in the role limitation due to emotional problems (38.9 ± 33.5) and General Health (43.8 ± 19.6) domains.

Conclusion: The study findings concluded that the overall quality of life of upper limb prosthetic user was low along with significant association of demographic features with SF-36 and Quick DASH.