bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Second-generation antipsychotics activate platelets in antipsychotic-naive and antipsychotic-free patients with schizophrenia: A retrospective study
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ah , Lee Jong Wook , Kim Seung Jun , Oh Hong-Seok , Im Woo Young , Kim Ji-Woong
Published: September 2019

Objective

Among the risk factors for cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease or thromboembolic events caused by the administration of second-generation antipsychotics, clinicians have mainly focused on metabolic side effects, with little interest in the effects on platelet activity. Because excessive platelet activity can increase the risk for cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of second-generation antipsychotics on platelet activity in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods

The medical records of patients with schizophrenia who were treated with second-generation antipsychotics were retrospectively reviewed. The degree of platelet activation was assessed by measuring the mean platelet component.

Results

Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that mean platelet component levels were significantly decreased by the administration of second-generation antipsychotics (V = 20; p < 0.05), suggesting that the administration of second-generation antipsychotics may increase platelet activation.

Conclusion

Because platelet activation is an additional risk factor for the occurrence of cerebrovascular/cardiovascular disease, results of this study suggest that clinicians should carefully monitor the degree of platelet activation after the administration of second-generation antipsychotics.
An analytical study to evaluate the impact of distributed zone fans on the air flow rate in a mechanical ventilation system
Authors: Ju Fa-Li , Liu Liying , Yu Xiaoping
Published: September 2019

Based on air flow rate testing of each branch fan in a distributed fan ventilation system under different branch air duct inlet static pressures, the conclusion can be drawn that there is a branch fan air flow rate deviation phenomenon. The air flow rate of the branch fan increases with the branch air duct inlet static pressure at the same branch fan speed, and the branch fan hinders the air flow rate in some cases. In this study, a theoretical expression of the deviation of the branch air duct design air flow rate was established, and the influencing factors of the deviation were determined to include the branch air duct resistance characteristics, branch fan performance, and branch air duct inlet pressure ratio. A graphic analytical method for determining the deviation of the branch fan design air flow rate was also proposed. Both methods can provide a theoretical basis for calculating and analysing the deviation of the branch fan design air flow rate in a distributed fan ventilation system.

Practical application: This paper provides new data on the performance of a distributed fan ventilation system. Our results could be used to evaluate the impact of distributed zone fans on the air flow rate in a mechanical ventilation system. Crucially, we not only propose two types of methods that can be applied to predict deviations of the air flow rate in a distributed fan ventilation system caused by the branch air duct inlet static pressures but also obtain the factors that are important for understanding the true impact of the deviation of the branch fan air flow rate. This study lays an important foundation for the design and operation of building mechanical ventilation systems.
Diabetes Risk Perception Among Immigrant and Racial/Ethnic Minority Adults in the United States
Authors: Hsueh Loretta , Peña Juan M. , Hirsh Adam T. , de Groot Mary , Stewart Jesse C.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to examine associations of immigrant and racial/ethnic status with diabetes risk perception among a population-based sample of US adults without diabetes. Racial/ethnic minorities are at increased risk of developing diabetes. Emerging research shows that immigrant (foreign born) individuals are also at increased risk, but less is understood about risk perception in this group.

Methods

Respondents were 11,569 adults from the NHANES (2011-2016; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) reporting no diabetes or prediabetes. Immigrant status was coded as foreign born or US born and analyses used NHANES racial/ethnic categories: white, black, Mexican American, other Hispanic, Asian, and other/multiracial. Immigrant status and variables comparing each minority group with whites were simultaneously entered into models predicting risk perception (yes/no), adjusting for demographic and diabetes risk factors.

Results

Being foreign born was associated with decreased odds of perceived risk, while being Mexican American, Asian, and other/multiracial were associated with increased odds of perceived risk.

Discussion

Foreign-born adults are less likely than US-born adults to report perceived risk for diabetes. Lower diabetes risk perception among immigrants could result in poorer preventative behaviors and later diabetes detection.
The clinical evaluation of the wish to hasten death is not upsetting for advanced cancer patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Porta-Sales Josep , Crespo Iris , Monforte-Royo Cristina , Marín Mar , Abenia-Chavarria Sonia , Balaguer Albert
Published: September 2019

Background:

An important concern of healthcare professionals when exploring the wish to hasten death with patients is the risk of causing them some type of distress.

Aim:

To assess the opinion of hospitalized patients with advanced cancer about the proactive assessment of the wish to hasten death.

Design:

Descriptive, cross-sectional study.

Setting/participants:

We assessed 193 advanced cancer patients admitted to an oncology ward for the wish to hasten death using a semi-structured clinical interview. After the assessment the participants were surveyed to determine whether they found the interview upsetting and, if so to what extent, and also their opinion regarding the assessment’s importance.

Results:

The wish to hasten death was reported by 46 (23.8%) patients. The majority of patients (94.8%) did not find talking about the wish to hasten death to be upsetting, regardless of whether they presented it or not. The majority of patients (79.3%) considered that it was either quite or extremely important for the clinician to proactively assess the wish to hasten death and discuss this topic, regardless of whether they experienced it.

Conclusions:

In this study, most of the advanced cancer patients did not find the assessment of wish to hasten death to be upsetting, and a substantial proportion of patients in this study believe that it is important to routinely evaluate it in this setting. These findings suggest that healthcare professionals can explore the wish to hasten death proactively in routine clinical practice without fear of upsetting patients.
Positivity and prevalence of human papillomavirus among a large population of women in southeastern China
Authors: Liu Sudong , Gu Xiaodong , Weng Ruiqiang , Liu Jing , Zhong Zhixiong
Published: September 2019

Objective

To formulate strategies for prevention of cervical cancer, we investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the age-specific distribution among female participants in southeastern China.

Methods

From January 2016 to July 2018, 36,871 women from Meizhou People’s Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled in this prospective study. HPV genotypes were detected using Luminex technology.

Results

HPV infection was observed in 18.34% of the participants, and 79.98% were infected with high-risk HPVs. The five most prevalent genotypes were HPV52 (18.18%), HPV16 (16.06%), HPV58 (11.37%), HPV53 (8.82%), and HPV39 (6.42%). The 9-valent HPV vaccine efficiently reduced the HPV infection rate by more than 10%, which is twofold the rate of other vaccines. Most HPV infections were observed in women age 40 to 49 years, and those age 30 to 59 years accounted for 79.62% of positive patients.

Conclusion

Our findings regarding HPV genotypes and the age-specific distribution of HPV infection in the study area will contribute to the development of cervical cancer screening programs and vaccine strategies.
Determinants of Patterns of Need for Home and Community-Based Care Services Among Community-Dwelling Older People in Urban China: The Role of Living Arrangement and Filial Piety
Authors: Fu Yuan Yuan , Chui Ernest Wing Tak
Published: September 2019

This study aims to identify older people’s home- and community-based care (HCBC) service need patterns and explore the role of living arrangement and filial piety in affecting such patterns. A total of 556 older people were selected in Beijing, China. Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression were adopted to identify the service need patterns and the influencing factors. A three-class model of service need patterns was explored (high-needs group, moderate-needs group, and low-needs group). Living arrangement was related to HCBC service need patterns. Compared with the high-needs group, those living with at least two family members were more likely to express low needs or moderate needs. Living arrangement was a moderator for the effect of filial piety on HCBC needs. Greater recognition of the effects of living arrangement and filial piety should enrich the Andersen model and provide a robust stimulus for long-term care policy development and for service delivery and social work.
Optimizing the Early Resuscitation After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Reardon Peter M. , Hickey Michael , English Shane W. , Hibbert Benjamin , Simard Trevor , Hendin Ariel , Yadav Krishan
Published: September 2019

Resuscitation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest can be one of the most challenging scenarios in acute-care medicine. The devastating effects of postcardiac arrest syndrome carry a substantial morbidity and mortality that persist long after return of spontaneous circulation. Management of these patients requires the clinician to simultaneously address multiple emergent priorities including the resuscitation of the patient and the efficient diagnosis and management of the underlying etiology. This review provides a concise evidence-based overview of the core concepts involved in the early postcardiac arrest resuscitation. It will highlight the components of an effective management strategy including addressing hemodynamic, oxygenation, and ventilation goals as well as carefully considering cardiac catheterization and targeted temperature management. An organized approach is paramount to providing effective care to patients in this vulnerable time period.
Use of the Bedside-Placed Angel Catheter IVC Filter for Venous Thromboembolic Disease in Critically Ill Medical Patients
Authors: Matusov Yuri , Weinberg Aaron S. , Liang Richard , Meza Joseph , Friedman Oren , Tapson Victor F.
Published: September 2019

Venous thromboembolic disease is a major problem among critically ill patients, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Many critically ill patients have contraindications to systemic anticoagulation, and inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are an important alternative in preventing pulmonary emboli (PE) in this population. The Angel Catheter (Mermaid, Stenlose, Denmark) is a novel percutaneous and removable IVC filter attached to the end of a triple lumen central venous catheter which has been demonstrated to reduce PE in surgical and trauma patients. This case series describes 18 critically ill medical patients who had an Angel catheter placed either for diagnosed PE or due to high risk for PE; over half had at least submassive PE at the time of Angel catheter placement. None of the patients had a recurrence of PE during Angel catheter use, 29.4% had clot found in the filter via cavogram upon removal, and only one had a minor complication which had no clinical consequence. In 2 patients, the placement of the Angel Catheter resulted in the prevention of PE during catheter-directed thrombolysis of extensive deep vein thrombosis. This case series demonstrates that in a population of critically ill, elderly, and obese medical patients the bedside placement of the Angel IVC filter is feasible, safe, and may be effective for preventing PE.
Recommendations for Preventing Child Sexual Abuse in Youth-Serving Organizations: Implications From an Australian Royal Commission Review of the Literature
Authors: Kaufman Keith L. , Erooga Marcus , Mathews Benjamin , McConnell Erin
Published: September 2019

Evidence suggests that tens of millions of children and adolescents are involved in youth-serving organizations (YSOs) outside of their homes on a daily basis. Children’s involvement with YSOs clearly offers a broad array of emotional, social, and personal development benefits. This involvement can, however, also be associated with a variety of safety risks, including the potential for child sexual abuse (CSA) victimization and the myriad short- and long-term consequences to its victims and their families. Recognizing the significance of CSA within YSOs, the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse funded a comprehensive review of the literature on risk and protective factors related to CSA in institutions. This yielded more than 400 primarily research articles from the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia, examining institutional CSA victims, perpetrators, and settings. Findings were provided regarding six specific types of institutional settings, including faith-based, early childhood education, childcare and schools, health care, out-of-home/foster care, and sport. This article is based on the findings of Kaufman and Erooga’s comprehensive literature review and Royal Commission findings. It provides a brief review of critical risks associated with CSA victims, perpetrators, and organizational settings, as well as highlights risks particular to specific types of YSOs and risks that are present across these organizations. Optimal prevention directions and strategies are outlined in response to identified patterns of organizational risk. Recommendations for YSO policy enhancements are also provided to complement the article’s prevention focus. Finally, suggestions are offered for future research directions to foster the development of an evidence-based foundation for work in this area.
Development and Evaluation of a Pharmacist-Driven Screening Tool to Identify Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department Who Are Eligible for Outpatient Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Musco Shaina E. , Smallwood Shannon M. , Gossard Jill
Published: September 2019

Background:

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a critical and costly health issue. Treatment in the outpatient setting is preferred compared to the inpatient setting. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding how best to identify patients who are ideal for outpatient DVT treatment.

Objective:

To design and evaluate a pharmacist-driven screening tool for the identification of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) at a community hospital with DVT who are appropriate for outpatient treatment.

Methods:

This study was conducted in sequential phases: compilation and vetting of screening criteria, descriptive evaluation of criteria through retrospective chart review, and quantification of potential cost savings by avoiding admissions. Criteria were collected via literature search and assembled into a screening tool, which was applied retroactively to a cohort of ED patients admitted with DVT diagnosis.

Results:

A screening tool was developed with multidisciplinary input and consisted of 5 categories with individual patient and disease state criteria. The majority (91%) of patients reviewed would not have qualified for outpatient DVT treatment based on the retrospective application of the screening tool. The most common disqualification criteria category was high risk of bleeding/clotting (n = 81), and the most frequently represented parameter within that category was antithrombotic therapy prior to admission (n = 53).

Conclusion:

A screening tool may not be the most efficient method for health-care practitioners such as pharmacists to identify ED patients appropriate for outpatient management of DVT. Other avenues should be explored for improving the cost-effective management of these patients.
It’s Not All about the Economy Stupid! Immigration and Subjective Well-Being in England
Authors: Howley Peter , Waqas Muhammad , Moro Mirko , Delaney Liam , Heron Tony
Published: September 2019

While much is known regarding the effects of immigration for objective outcomes, relatively little is known regarding the effects for perceived well-being. By exploiting spatial and temporal variation in the net-inflows of foreign-born individuals across local areas in England, we examine the relationship between immigration and natives’ subjective well-being as captured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). We find small negative effects overall but that an analysis of the main effects masks significant differences across subgroups, with relatively older individuals, those with below-average household incomes, the unemployed and finally those without any formal educational qualifications experiencing much more substantive well-being losses than others. These observed well-being differentials are congruent with voting patterns evident in the recent UK referendum on EU membership. We put forward perceived as opposed to actual labour market competition and social identity as two potential explanations for the negative well-being impacts of immigration for natives.
Breaking Fragmentation through Mobilization: The Development of a Collective Identity during Movistar’s Contractors’ and Technicians’ Strike in Spain
Authors: López-Andreu Martí
Published: September 2019

This article contributes to the debates over the development of solidarity among a fragmented workforce by discussing the case of a strike in which the technicians and contractors at Movistar in Spain were involved. The strike involved employees and self-employed workers working for different contractors. The results highlight that ‘spontaneous’ mobilizations can help to develop a collective identity in fragmented employment systems. More concretely, they show that the lack of involvement of unions at the beginning of the strike helped to generate an identity involving all workers that was not based on occupational or contractual status. However, the findings also highlight that the later involvement of independent unions, which respected the assembling of workers as a space of decision, was key to the sustainment of the collective identity. Furthermore, the results show that mobilizing can be a strong organizing tool in contexts characterized by weak institutional regulation, fragmentation and precarious working conditions.
Ethics of security: A genealogical introduction
Authors: Rossi Andrea
Published: September 2019

This article analyses the set of ethical questions underlying the emergence of the modern politics of security, as articulated, in particular, in the work of Thomas Hobbes. An ethic is here understood – in line with its ancient philosophical use and the interpretation advanced by authors such as Michel Foucault and Pierre Hadot – as a domain of reflections and practices related to the cultivation and conversion of the self ( askēsis, metanoia). The article aims to demonstrate that, besides attending to the physical safety of the state and its citizens, modern apparatuses of security are also crucially implicated in the formation of their subjects as ethical and autonomous individuals. To substantiate this thesis, the article first illustrates how, since the first appearance of the term in the vocabulary of Western thought – and in Seneca’s work in particular – theories of security have been intimately tied to the cultivation of the self. It thus interprets Hobbes’s reflections on the subject as the upshot of a substantive, if implicit, re-articulation of Seneca’s ethic of security, by focusing on the two authors’ respective understandings of (a) autonomy, (b) the world, (c) ascesis, and (d) politics. Overall, it is suggested that the differences between the two authors testify to a wider political-historical shift: in modern regimes of governmentality, the ethical dimension of security no longer defines the rightful exercise of political power, but rather appears as an object of social and economic governance.
Soluble copolyimides containing 4,4′-isopropylidenedicyclohexanol (HBPA) isomer units: Synthesis, characterization, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties
Authors: Hou Ziwen , Jin Sizhuo , Wang Xiaowen , Wang Shuai , Zhao Junyu , Mi Zhiming , Ma Shengqi , Wang Daming , Zhao Xiaogang , Zhou Hongwei , Chen Chunhai
Published: September 2019

In this work, 4,4′-isopropylidenedicyclohexanol (HBPA)-based dinitro isomers mixture (H″BPBN and H′BPBN) was synthesized and separated, and the structures of dinitro isomers were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A series of copolyimides were prepared from diamino monomers with different percentages of novel diamine H″BPDA and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride via a conventional two-step procedure. All the copolyimides could afford flexible, tough, and transparent films with transmittance no less than 73% at 450 nm, which was attributed to the fact that nonplanar alicyclic diamine and the bulky and weakly polarizable trifluoromethyl hampered the formation of charge-transfer complex. Moreover, all the copolyimides were soluble not only in polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide but also in low-boiling-point solvents such as dichloromethane, which was related to the fact that the existence of alicyclic diamine and bulky trifluoromethyl decreased the intermolecular force. In addition, the conformation effects of H″BPDA and H′BPDA on the aspects of thermal, mechanical, optical, and soluble performance of copolyimides were investigated and their structure–property relationships were discussed in detail.
Fostering public trust in science: The role of social media
Authors: Huber Brigitte , Barnidge Matthew , Gil de Zúñiga Homero , Liu James
Published: September 2019

The growing importance of social media for getting science news has raised questions about whether these online platforms foster or hinder public trust in science. Employing multilevel modeling, this study leverages a 20-country survey to examine the relationship between social media news use and trust in science. Results show a positive relationship between these variables across countries. Moreover, the between-country variation in this relationship is related to two cultural characteristics of a country, individualism/collectivism and power distance.
Health and social care educators' ethical competence
Authors: Koskinen Camilla , Koskinen Monika , Koivula Meeri , Korpi Hilkka , Koskimäki Minna , Lähteenmäki Marja-Leena , Mikkonen Kristina , Saaranen Terhi , Salminen Leena , Sjögren Tuulikki , Sormunen Marjorita , Wallin Outi , Kääriäinen Maria
Published: September 2019

Background and purpose

Educators’ ethical competence is of crucial importance for developing students’ ethical thinking. Previous studies describe educators’ ethical codes and principles. This article aims to widen the understanding of health- and social care educators’ ethical competence in relation to core values and ethos.

Theoretical background and key concepts

The study is based on the didactics of caring science and theoretically links the concepts ethos and competence.

Methods

Data material was collected from nine educational units for healthcare and social service in Finland. In total 16 semi-structured focus group interviews with 48 participants were conducted. The interviews were analysed with a thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke.

Ethical considerations

The study is approved by the Declaration of Helsinki, the legislation regarding personal data and the General Data Protection Regulation. The study received ethical permission from the University of Jyväskylä. Informed consent was obtained from all the educational units and participants in the study.

Findings

The findings are presented based on three general patterns, an ethical basic motive, an ethical bearing and ethical actions. Subthemes are Humane view of students as unique individuals with individual learning, Bearing of tactfulness and firmness, Bearing of perceptiveness and accessibility, Bearing of satisfaction and joy over student learning, Valuing bearing towards each oneself and colleagues, Ability to interact and flexibility, Collegiality and a supportive work community and Educators as role models and inspirators.

Conclusion

Educators’ personal and professional ethos is crucial to student learning, personal growth and ethical reasoning. Therefore, it is important to further develop educators’ training regarding ethical competence.
Be(com)ing a Woman: Body, Authority and Society
Authors: Chakraborty Rituparna , De Sonali
Published: September 2019

The contemporary Indian society apparently seems to be at a juncture where it claims more number of women to be educated and independent but, on the other hand, the incidents of vicious mental, social and corporeal violations of women are at peak. Amidst all the ongoing blazing talks and movements, this study is a small attempt of delving into the tale of being women, which may help in cognising the discourse which might be at the core of this double-bind social picture. For this purpose, 30 Bengali (Indian) married women were selected through purposive sampling technique for interview, all of whom were within the age range of 18–40 years. Participants had minimum school-level education and belonged to lower middle to upper middle socio-economic status. They were reportedly free from any mental or physical handicap. The data gathered through open-ended semi-structured in-depth interviews were analysed using thematic analysis procedure. Analytical readings of findings explored a socially structured world of women; the becoming rather than being of women. The findings indicated how every sphere of their lives—mental, social or corporeal—seems to be under several mediums of authoritative forces; how their lived life, myths about womanhood and socialisation construct their present life, and how the historicised power-politics of gender craft their conceptualisations of body, rights, independence and subjectivity. This study aspires to contribute to the knowledge of women’s subjective positioning in an attempt to depict the backdrop which makes their lives accessible for violation.
An Examination of the Shadow of Sexual Assault Hypothesis Among Men and Women in South Korea
Authors: Choi Jaeyong , Yim Haneul , Lee Daniel R.
Published: September 2019

Using a South Korean sample from 2010 National Crime Victim Survey, the current research examined the gender differences of fear of four different types of crime testing the shadow of sexual assault thesis, which asserts that sexual assault operates as a master offense for females. The current study provides insight into the robustness of the shadow hypothesis by controlling for various covariates (e.g., perceptions of the neighborhood and crime-related media consumption) that have been often omitted in this line of literature. Results show that the largest difference in fear between males and females was the fear of sexual assault, and based on coefficient comparison tests, fear of sexual assault was a stronger predictor of fear of other crimes among males than among females. The current study calls for future research to disentangle the shadow of sexual hypothesis in different settings and to conduct more studies specifically on men’s fear of crime.
Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: Prostate Carcinoma Metastatic to Soft Tissue Sarcoma, a Previously Unreported Event
Authors: Miller Virginia , Hoellwarth Jason Shih , Hankins Margaret Lydia , McGough Richard , Schoedel Karen
Published: September 2019

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is an unusual phenomenon wherein one distinct malignancy is present within the substance of another independent tumor. This event is rare, difficult to detect with imaging, and, due to conflicting terminology in the literature, can be challenging to classify. This article reports the first documented case of tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving prostatic adenocarcinoma and myxoid liposarcoma, reviews the available literature for carcinoma metastatic to sarcoma, and discusses the current situation within the context of the established criteria for the classification of combination tumors.
Assessing Teacher Beliefs Regarding Research-Based Practices to Improve Services for GT Students
Authors: Johnsen Susan K. , Kaul Corina R.
Published: September 2019

This study examined teacher beliefs regarding research-based practices in gifted education and how these beliefs or other barriers influenced the implementation of practices in their classroom. An online survey was sent to gifted education teachers in a large suburban district. The teacher belief statements were developed based on the National Association for Gifted Children (NAGC) Pre-K-Grade 12 Gifted Programming Standards. Although a majority of the teachers agreed with the research-based belief statements, fewer implemented the practice in their classrooms frequently. If they did implement the practice, they perceived positive student outcomes. Teachers did identify these obstacles related to implementation: limited resources, training, skill level, and the school system curriculum.
Evaluations in the English-Speaking Commonwealth Caribbean Region: Lessons From the Field
Authors: Persaud Nadini , Dagher Ruby
Published: September 2019

This article shares lessons from the field with program evaluations in the English-Speaking Commonwealth Caribbean (ESCC) region. The research highlighted that the challenges faced by evaluators working in the ESCC are quite similar to those experienced by evaluators elsewhere. However, the findings note the impact of the region’s colonial past and the developing–developed nexus on the ESCC people’s sense of pride and their desire to demonstrate the level of their expertise and its equivalence to the expertise associated with people in North America and Europe. These factors seem to contribute to an important undertone for evaluations in the region and for the challenges that evaluators face, including the limited culture of evaluation as well as the availability and quality of data.
Environmental factors and risk of multiple sclerosis: Findings from meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies
Authors: Belbasis Lazaros , Bellou Vanesa , Evangelou Evangelos , Tzoulaki Ioanna
Published: September 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease that is associated with permanent disability and low quality of life. Development of MS is attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies revealed more than 200 variants that are associated with risk of MS. An umbrella review showed that smoking, history of infectious mononucleosis, and anti-Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen (anti-EBNA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositivity are credible risk factors of MS. In the present narrative review, we updated our published umbrella review, showing that body mass index in childhood and adolescence and anti-viral capsid antigen (anti-VCA) IgG seropositivity are additional credible risk factors of MS. In addition, we discuss the findings from Mendelian randomization studies, which present evidence for a potential causal role of serum vitamin D and adulthood body mass index on risk of MS. Finally, we discuss the potential limitations of meta-analyses, umbrella reviews, and Mendelian randomization studies in the search for risk factors of MS.
Corruption and outbound business travels
Authors: Gholipour Hassan F. , Foroughi Behzad
Published: September 2019

This article investigates the effect of corruption on growth of outbound business travels (OBT), after controlling other relevant determinants of demands for OBT. The model is empirically tested for 62 countries from 2007 to 2016. Using a panel fixed effects estimation method, the results show that higher levels of corruption lead to the growth of OBT. We also find that the impact of corruption on OBT is more apparent in emerging economies than developed countries.
Does inward FDI affect outward FDI in tourism in China?
Authors: Song Changyao , Shi Shanshan , Chen Jamie M , Li Xinjian
Published: September 2019

Outward foreign direct investment (FDI) from emerging economies has dramatically increased in the tourism industry. Based on the assumption of spillover effects of FDI, this article examines the impact of inward FDI on tourism-based outward FDI. This study applies the negative binomial model to panel data from 2001 to 2015 in China and reveals that FDI inflows and tourism-based FDI inflows are important drivers of China’s tourism-based outward FDI. Furthermore, it is found that the level of regional development has a moderating effect on these flows.
‘We’re Worth What We Are Paid’: Unravelling the ‘Paradox of the Contented Female Worker’
Authors: Smith Maria
Published: September 2019

Pay satisfaction research has suggested that women are more satisfied with their pay than men, even though, in general, women earn less. This article argues that this body of research has misconceptualised this phenomenon as an issue of women only. It also argues that previous explanations for this gender pay paradox have not adequately explained these patterns of satisfaction. A social constructionist approach to pay satisfaction is proposed which situates satisfaction within the context of structural inequality. This draws upon the scholarly work of feminist scholars and the conceptual ideas of Pierre Bourdieu. This theoretical approach is explored with data from qualitative interviews with support staff at universities in the United Kingdom. This evidence suggests that their pay satisfaction is influenced by beliefs about the ‘value’ of different occupations.
Ordinary ethics and its temporalities: The Christian God and the 2016 Ghanaian elections
Authors: Daswani Girish
Published: September 2019

In this paper I provide an analysis of how the then-imminent event of the Ghanaian 2016 elections operated within and interrupted a born-again Christian understanding of social and political change. I argue that much can be gained from understanding Pentecostal Christianity in Ghana by paying close attention to how born-again Christians anticipate and participate in shaping the near future. My analysis of this period, just before (and after) the 2016 elections—from the perspective of born-again Christians in Ghana—contributes to an engagement with the immanent and imminent qualities of ethical life. In accounting for the ways in which the Christian “God” and the “nation” overlap or collide in born-again Pentecostal discourse and practice in Ghana, I propose that the precise configuration of how these forces come together and come apart has a force that complicates how we imagine ethics as something explicit in discourse or about the ability to step back in reflection.
Ethical immanence
Authors: Sidnell Jack , Meudec Marie , Lambek Michael
Published: September 2019

Ethical judgement suffuses everyday life: it is not only objectified in rules or codes, experienced as duty, or realised as reason distinct from action. Nor in its primary manifestations is the ethical realised as a separate domain of thought, activity or expertise. The possibility that we explore in this collection is that ethics is immanent to action and to social life more generally, within it rather than at arm’s length from it. Our intention is not to reach unanimity, claim an exclusive truth or build a consistent model, but to follow the diverse paths along which thinking about the ethical in this way leads us.
Active environments: Relational ontologies of landscape at the ancient Maya city of Aventura, Belize
Authors: Grauer Kacey C
Published: September 2019

A holistic and relational approach to landscape amplifies understandings of the complexities of human–environment relationships. This article examines ecological and social aspects of landscape at the ancient Maya city of Aventura, Belize, in the context of relational ontologies. The city of Aventura is enmeshed with microenvironments known as pocket bajos, and I argue that pocket bajos defy categorization as natural or cultural. By exploring their spatial context, material content, and associated activities that create cosmological connections, I demonstrate that the pocket bajos were active social agents in the construction of the city and the maintenance of community. The relations that people living at Aventura established with pocket bajos highlight the interconnectedness of humans with the environment, and this approach avoids projecting current-day Western categories of nature and culture onto the past.
The minimal important difference for the endurance shuttle walk test in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following a course of pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Zatloukal Jakub , Ward Sarah , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Harvey-Dunstan Theresa , Singh Sally
Published: September 2019

The endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) is frequently used as an outcome measure for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). The minimal important difference (MID) for the ESWT after a course of rehabilitation has not been conclusively confirmed in the literature. The aim was to establish the MID for the ESWT following the 6-week PR programme in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Following the completion of the 6-week PR programme, data from 531 participants were included in the analysis to estimate the MID for the ESWT using both anchor-based and distribution-based methods. Mean age (standard deviation (SD)) was 69.4 (9.1) years, 303 male, FEV1/FVC 0.51 (0.16). The baseline incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) was 217.7 (SD 139.8) metres and ESWT 195.8 (SD 118.8) seconds, which increased to 279.6 (SD 149.5) metres and 537.4 (SD 378.3) seconds, respectively, following PR. The mean change was 61.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 56.0–67.5) metres for the ISWT and 342.0 (95% CI 312.4–371.6) seconds for the ESWT. The distribution method (0.5 × SD) yielded an MID of 173.7 seconds, the global rating of change scale method yielded a value of 279.2 (95% CI 244.9–313.5) seconds for those rating themselves as ‘slightly improved’ and the ROC method 207 seconds. There was no agreement between the approaches employed. However, we propose that the MID for the ESWT in COPD following a 6-week PR programme is between 174 and 279 seconds.
Making of a Mangaka: Industrial Reflexivity and Shueisha’s Weekly Shônen Jump
Authors: Hartzheim Bryan Hikari
Published: September 2019

Behind-the-scenes disclosures, a staple of film and television production, have extended to the visible documentation of manga (comics) and anime (animation) production in Japanese media. This article examines manga “industrial reflexivity,” using as a case study publisher Shueisha’s most popular periodical, the best-selling shônen (boys) manga magazine, Shûkan Shônen Jump ( Weekly Shônen Jump). Jump’s documentary-like portrayals of the manga production process have bled out from the magazine in “exclusive” footage that takes viewers on behind-the-scenes tours exploring Shueisha offices or mangaka ateliers to spill insider knowledge and industry secrets. This article argues that such disclosures are borne out of industrial survival as much as education and promotion. Jump’s professional self-reflexivity is an example of an old media brand attempting to fight for relevance in a shifting media environment through appeals to the legacy and ecosystem of the manga magazine format itself.
Curcumin Regulates the Progression of Colorectal Cancer via LncRNA NBR2/AMPK Pathway
Authors: Yu Hua , Xie Yangyang , Zhou Zhendong , Wu Zhou , Dai Xiaoyu , Xu Binbin
Published: September 2019

Objective:

To identify the effect of curcumin on tumor suppression and the possible molecular pathways involved.

Methods:

The expression of long noncoding RNA neighbor of BRCA1 lncRNA 2 (NBR2) was quantified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on cultured colorectal cancer cells. Next, we used Western blot to measure the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling molecules. Both cell proliferation and viability were measured via MTT assay, and the cell ratio and S phase were detected by BrdU assay. Colorectal cancer cells were pretreated with curcumin or transfected with shNBR2 or adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor Compound C to examine the molecular pathway involved.

Results:

Current data showed that glucose deficiency increased the expression of NBR2 in colorectal cancer cells, and NBR2 knockdown affected the progression of colorectal cancer cells under glucose starvation conditions. When NBR2 was silenced in the treated colorectal cancer cells, the proliferation, the clone formation, and the percentage of S-phase cells suppressed by glucose deprivation were compromised. Furthermore, NBR2 knockdown could suppress glucose deprivation-induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation plus mTOR inactivation. Similarly, when colorectal cancer cells were treated with curcumin, the expression of NBR2 was significantly increased. NBR2 knockdown reversed curcumin-suppressed proliferation, clone formation, and the percentage of S-phase colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, NBR2 knockdown abolished curcumin-induced activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway.

Conclusion:

This study revealed a novel mechanism by which long noncoding RNA NBR2 mediates curcumin suppression of colorectal cancer proliferation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inactivating the mTOR signaling pathway.
Sex Differences in QEEG in Psychopath Offenders
Authors: Calzada-Reyes Ana , Alvarez-Amador Alfredo , Galán-García Lídice , Valdés-Sosa Mitchell
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Functional brain differences related to sex in psychopathic behavior represent an important field of neuroscience research; there are few studies on this area, mainly in offender samples. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of electrophysiological differences between male and female psychopath offenders; specifically, we wanted to assess whether the results in quantitative EEG, low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA), and changes in synchronous brain activity could be related to sex influence. Sample and Methods. The study included 31 male and 12 female psychopath offenders, according to the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised criteria from 2 prisons located in Havana City. The EEG visual inspection characteristics and the use of frequency domain quantitative analysis techniques are described. Results. The resting EEG visual analyses revealed a high percentage of EEG abnormalities in both studied groups. Significant statistical differences between the mean parameters of cross spectral measures between psychopathic offender groups were found in the beta band at bilateral frontal derivation and centroparietal areas. LORETA showed differences especially in the paralimbic and parieto-occipital areas Synchronization likelihood revealed a significant group effect in the 26 to 30 Hz band. These results indicate that combining quantitative EEG, LORETA analysis, and synchronization likelihood may improve the neurofunctional differentiation between psychopath offenders of both sexes.
Semi-supervised machine learning for primary user emulation attack detection and prevention through core-based analytics for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Srinivasan Sundar , Shivakumar KB , Mohammad Muazzam
Published: September 2019

Cognitive radio networks are software controlled radios with the ability to allocate and reallocate spectrum depending upon the demand. Although they promise an extremely optimal use of the spectrum, they also bring in the challenges of misuse and attacks. Selfish attacks among other attacks are the most challenging, in which a secondary user or an unauthorized user with unlicensed spectrum pretends to be a primary user by altering the signal characteristics. Proposed methods leverage advancement to efficiently detect and prevent primary user emulation future attack in cognitive radio using machine language techniques. In this paper novel method is proposed to leverage unique methodology which can efficiently handle during various dynamic changes includes varying bandwidth, signature changes etc… performing learning and classification at edge nodes followed by core nodes using deep learning convolution network. The proposed method is compared with that of two other state-of-art machine learning-based attack detection protocols and has found to significantly reduce the false alarm to secondary network, at the same time improve the overall detection accuracy at the primary network.
Thermo-hydraulic performance improvement, heat transfer, and pressure loss in a channel with sinusoidal-wavy surface
Authors: Boonloi Amnart , Jedsadaratanachai Withada
Published: September 2019

Thermal efficiency development in a square channel heat exchanger attached with sinusoidal wavy surface is presented numerically. The affectation of flow attack angles ( α = 30°, 45°, and 60°), flow directions or sinusoidal wavy surface arrangements (V-apex directing downstream named “V-Downstream” and V-apex indicating upstream named “V-Upstream”), and amplitude ratios (blockage ratios = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25) for heat transfer and flow structure are examined for laminar flow regime ( Re = 100–1000). The physical model for the present investigation is validated with the correlation data. The current problem is resolved with the finite volume approach (semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations algorithm). The computational information is illustrated in forms of flow topology and heat transfer mechanism in the square channel heat exchanger. The understanding of flow topology and heat transfer mechanism in the square channel heat exchanger is important knowledge to develop the heat transfer coefficient in the heat exchanger. The present of the sinusoidal wavy surface in the square channel heat exchanger can expand the heat transfer coefficient greater than the plain channel in all examples ( Nu/ Nu0 > 1). The maximal heat transfer rate is around 5.58 times above the plain square unit with the optimal performance around 1.98.
Intelligent crack extraction and analysis for tunnel structures with terrestrial laser scanning measurement
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Yang Hao
Published: September 2019

An automatic and intelligent method for crack detection is significantly important, considering the popularity of large constructions. How to identify the cracks intelligently from massive point cloud data has become increasingly crucial. Terrestrial laser scanning is a measurement technique for three-dimensional information acquisition which can obtain coordinates and intensity values of the laser reflectivity of a dense point cloud quickly and accurately. In this article, we focus on the optimal parameter of Gaussian filtering to balance the efficiency of crack identification and the accuracy of crack analysis. The innovation of this article is that we propose a novel view of the signal-to-noise ratio gradient for Gaussian filtering to identify and extract the cracks automatically from the point cloud data of the terrestrial laser scanning measurement.