bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Health and Yoga in Prisons
Authors: Shen Anqi
Published: September 2024

Prison environments pose substantial health risks and may adversely affect the health and wellbeing of both prisoners and staff. Drawing extensively from international literature across several disciplines and supported by empirical data, this article presents a multidisciplinary study that focuses on mental health in prison settings and examines unconventional healthcare interventions, using yoga and meditation as a case study. Despite compelling research suggesting overall positive outcomes, the idea of yoga in prisons is not fully integrated into criminal justice policy and practice, and there are gaps in prison yoga research. Recognising the multifaceted roles of yoga within correctional institutions, this article specifically explores the impact of yoga on improving the mental health of incarcerated individuals and prison personnel. The primary aim is to raise awareness about mental health challenges in prisons and underscore the healthcare benefits of implementing prison yoga programmes. Accordingly, the article provides an overview of mental health issues in prisons, assesses the potential benefits and mechanisms of yoga and meditation as alternative mental healthcare methods and explores the barriers to integrating these practices into prison healthcare. It advocates for yoga and similar practices as viable mental healthcare alternatives for both prisoners and prison staff. The article's analysis contributes to a preliminary framework for policymakers, prison managers, staff, and scholars seeking to enhance mental health outcomes in penal facilities.
A Mentoring Network for Diversity in Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research
Authors: Herren S.S. , Ioannidou E. , Drake D. , Bernstein E. , Mickel N. , Fox C.H.
Published: September 2024

The American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research (AADOCR) has developed a national and sustainable mentoring and mentor training network titled AADOCR Mentoring an Inclusive Network for a Diverse Workforce of the Future (AADOCR MIND the Future). This program is instrumental in fostering a diverse group of early-career investigators in dental, oral, and craniofacial (DOC) research. The network’s principal purpose has been to establish a robust and enduring national mentoring program centrally managed by AADOCR. The overarching goal is to develop a sustainable, nationally recognized mentoring network that enhances the career development of early-career DOC researchers from diverse backgrounds. The program aligns with the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Strategic Plan and aims to cultivate a robust pipeline of future DOC researchers who can address critical scientific challenges. AADOCR MIND the Future guides mentors and mentees in individual career development as well as improving the quality of mentoring at the home institution through dissemination of lessons learned by mentors and mentees in the program. As science practices have evolved, investigators have moved from isolated individual projects to interactive multidisciplinary teams. Within this research framework, AADOCR MIND the Future offers the global infrastructure and the variety of scientists/AADOCR members. While most institutional mentoring efforts have been developed using conventional single mentor-mentee pairs, the AADOCR MIND the Future program supplements this model with additional group mentoring (mentors-mentees) and peer mentoring (interactions between just the mentees). Mentees commit to 12 mo of programming devoted to enhancing research career development through intensive hands-on work, distance-learning components, and engagement in a mentored grant-writing experience. Mentees are strongly encouraged to remain engaged with the program beyond the initial 12-mo period. Years 1 to 3 alumni (cohorts 1 to 3) mentees continue to participate in a meaningful way, and after the completion of the program, it is envisioned these alumni will become mentors for another generation.
Neuropsychological and Health Literacy Correlates of Science Knowledge Among Older and Younger Healthy Adults
Authors: Woods Steven Paul , Matchanova Anastasia , Thompson Kamar Jennifer L. , Beltran-Najera Ilex , Alex Christina , Medina Luis D. , Neighbors Clayton , Podell Kenneth , Babicz Boston Michelle A.
Published: September 2024

Science knowledge refers to the depth and breadth of facts acquired within the life, social, and earth sciences, and it has implications for both public and personal health. Drawing from cognitive aging theory, we examine whether levels of science knowledge are associated with age, neuropsychological functioning, and personal health literacy. Fifty-two younger and fifty older healthy adults completed our telephone-based study that included a commonly used test of science knowledge, as well as measures of neuropsychological functioning, health literacy, and relevant descriptives (e.g., mood). Adjusting for other demographics and neuropsychological functioning, older adults had significantly lower science knowledge test scores than younger adults. In the full sample, lower science knowledge showed medium-to-large associations with episodic memory, executive functions, and health literacy, independent of years of education. These results suggest that older adults’ science knowledge falls slightly below that of their younger counterparts and is independently associated with higher order neuropsychological functions and aspects of personal health, which may have implications for accessing, understanding, and using relevant public health information across the lifespan.
The Relationship Between Time Perception and Academic Performance in Primary School Students and the Apparent Mediating Effect of Academic Procrastination
Authors: Xu Yihan , Fu Hongyao , Li Wenhui
Published: September 2024

In this study, we explored (i) the relationship between time perception and primary school students’ academic performance and (ii) the mediating effect of their academic procrastination. We measured time perception in 321 students in primary grades 2, 4, and 6 in Shenyang, China. Students also completed the General Procrastination Acale, and we obtained measures of their academic performance during the semester from their teacher. Results indicated that time perception was significantly and positively correlated with academic performance ( β = 0.16, t = 3.18, p < .001), and time perception and academic procrastination were significantly negatively correlated ( β = −0.16, t = −2.92, p < .01); academic procrastination and academic performance were also significantly negatively correlated ( β = −0.27, t = −5.38, p < .001). Academic procrastination played a mediating role in the relationship between time perception and academic performance, with an indirect effect of 0.04 that accounted for 25.96% of the total academic performance effect. The bootstrap 95% CI was 0.01–0.08. These results may help teachers improve primary school students’ academic performance and inspire parents and schools to cultivate students’ accurate time perception and prevent academic procrastination in young learners.
‘They lived happily ever after’? Practices of sustaining the durability of Roman Catholic marriage in the context of transformations in intimacy in late modernity
Authors: SZWED Anna , REJOWSKA Agata , LESZCZYŃSKA Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

Although in late-modern societies the idea of a ‘forever’ relationship has lost its dominant status, it is consistently upheld by the Roman Catholic Church. The aim of the article is to analyse the practices of sustaining the durability of Catholic marriage, which we treat as ways of adapting to the tensions between late-modern models of intimacy and the rule of indissolubility of marriage. We refer to data collected in qualitative research among educated Roman Catholic women in Poland. Using the lived religion approach, we demonstrate how these women sacralise actions within marriage that have been secularised in the late-modern world, while also using late modernity as a reservoir of meanings, leading to hybridisation of religious practices. We argue that sustaining conservative religious rules is often based on actions in which religious aspects are negotiated and transformed. Religion operates ‘non-autonomously’ in these processes, entering a relationship with elements that are originally not religious.
Value(s) in Community Food Work: The Dynamics of the Field, Funding and the Limits of Metrics
Authors: Traill Helen
Published: September 2024

Despite talks of increasing data-saturation and the metric society, there are still many ordinary situations that are neither ‘smart’ nor digitised. Nevertheless, a logic of evidence and measurement can be demonstrated in the mundane spaces of community organisations, raising questions about how such logics travel and are engaged with in the everyday. Taking three everyday spaces, this article uncovers the dynamics of valuation in community organisations. This article argues that field dynamics of evaluation and measurement warp community organisations through creating a funding game (a competition) that values evidenced outcomes over long-term goals, undervaluing and making invisible the community-value of such organisations. It addresses the capacity at a local level to play the game and argues that only limited spaces exist to work against the logics of measurement. Thus, this article highlights what is at stake in the measurement of community organisations.
Social Determinants Influencing the Non-Adoption of Norms Favorable to the Prevention and Control of Type 2 Diabetes: Qualitative Research
Authors: Ntanda Gisèle Mandiangu , Sia Drissa , Tchouaket Eric Nguemeleu , Philibert Léonel
Published: September 2024

Diet, physical activity, and body shape play an essential role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and are the social dimensions most targeted by health professionals in their practices or intervention aimed at preventing and controlling T2D. However, several interventions focus more on individual factors and less on social determinants likely to influence the adoption of dietary, body, and physical activity standards favorable to the prevention and control of T2D. This study aims to explore the social determinants influencing the rejection or adoption of dietary, bodily, and physical activity norms favorable to the prevention and control of T2D among migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. A qualitative exploratory design guided data collection and analysis. Semi-structured qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted between October 2022 and March 2023 in Montreal and Quebec Cities. The cost of food, the difficulty of accessing certain foods, a reliable level of income, work schedules, the gazes of relatives or communities, migration policies, disappointment and stressful situations linked to migratory status, racial microaggressions, and the lack of food guides adapted to the realities of MASS were the main determinants identified by the participants. These determinants can influence the adoption of public health recommendations on diet for the prevention and control of T2D. People living with T2D obviously have an important role to play, but much of the work lies outside their control. Therefore, Preventive, clinical, or awareness-raising interventions should more consider the life and structural contexts in which these people navigate without ignoring their pre-migratory rules of dietary, body, and physical activity norms.
Primary Ewing Sarcoma in the Sphenoidal Sinus: A Case Report
Authors: Chaabouni Mohamed Amin , Ayadi Sirine , Sghaier Yasmine , Sellami Nesrine , Charfi Slim , Mnejja Malek , Charfeddine Ilhem
Published: September 2024

Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS) is a rare malignant bone tumor that primarily affects children and young adults. While it typically affects long bones, it can occur in the head and neck region, including the paranasal sinuses in rare cases. We present a challenging case of a 45-year-old female diagnosed with an EWS of the sphenoidal and the right nasal fossa. A subtotal removal of the mass was performed on the patient followed by combined adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Due to its rarity, the diagnosis and management of EWS in the paranasal sinuses are challenging.
Solving the Puzzle? An Innovation Mode Perspective on Lagging Regions
Authors: Hädrich Tobias , Reher Leonie , Thomä Jörg
Published: September 2024

The promotion of innovation-driven development in lagging regions is currently on the regional policy agenda, so a sound understanding of how learning and innovation can be successful under the conditions there is crucial. In this context, this paper demonstrates the potential of an innovation mode approach at the micro level of regional innovation systems. Based on a conceptual framework on the relationship between knowledge bases and innovation modes in the field of regional development, a systematic literature review is used to analyze whether this potential has already been exploited in previous innovation studies on lagging regions. The results show that some important steps have already been taken in this direction. However, the potential gains in terms of a better understanding of innovation in lagging regions have so far been limited. Against this background, the authors identify several avenues for future research.
What's in the Blood? Temporalities at Play in Diet-Related Risk Management Testing Practices
Authors: Durocher Myriam
Published: September 2024

In this paper, I look at two different sets of practices that are part of the risk management apparatus in place in Québec & Canada to apprehend and control risks associated with food consumption. More specifically, I contrast diabetes and chemical contaminants risk management testing practices, so as to compare how both frame and approach risks, in a context where recent research in social sciences, epigenetics and environmental sciences increasingly points to “environmental” pathways of disease causation while many chronic conditions remain highly individualized in public and health discourses. The analysis pays close attention to the different temporalities discursively created, considered, and neglected in these practices in order to understand how risk is approached and worked on. This highlights the power relations that inform how we care (or not) for (certain) bodies, inflecting in particular ways their—uneven—becomings. I argue that the Canadian biotechnological apparatus of testing practices meant to apprehend and control diet-related risks contributes to foreclosing the temporalities of health and illness considered and acted upon. As such, the apparatus contributes to (re)producing inequalities, here mostly health related ones, as well as creating differentiated biological materialities.
A Sustainable City Made By Resident-Experts - How Designerly Intervention Enacted Rights of the Public and Urban Infrastructure
Authors: Koo Donghyun
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes an investigation of how enacting infrastructure is intertwined with historically specific processes of constructing the public, which necessitates a focus on the co-production of public problems and the public, and the establishment of infrastructural connections. Intervening in the context where reflexive planning and design methodologies are deployed to implement urban regeneration through public engagement (what I call “designerly intervention”), this paper investigates what type of collectivity is constituted as infrastructural publics by designerly interventions and what forms of rights they can have. Drawing on ethnographic accounts of urban regeneration in Seoul, it shows how designerly interventions mobilize residents as possessing a novel form of expertise, as “resident-experts” who can design a sustainable city, problematizing the renewal of the worn-out infrastructure as how to stimulate the resilience of a city. This results in an infrastructural connection that focuses on immediate results and the ordinary scale of urban regeneration, which enacts the rights of the public as city-users’ rights, namely not as rights protected by law but as a practical capacity that infrastructural devices in everyday life provide. This paper explores how designerly interventions invoke an experimental approach that opens up the normative questions of public engagement with planning.
Marcusean resources to think coloniality
Authors: Lavallée Marie-Josée
Published: September 2024

The article aims to take a stand in the debates surrounding the potential contribution of the theoreticians of the first generation of the Frankfurt School to postcolonial/decolonial theory, by showing that Herbert Marcuse, in his work, has outlined coloniality as later authors have defined it. Marcuse denounced the neocolonialism and neoimperialism of which the Global South populations were prey at the time of decolonizations. He showed that the welfare state and the affluent society in contemporary Western societies largely fed themselves on the continued economic exploitation of the Global South. Marcuse decried the uneven development bred by the capitalist system and criticized the ideology and mechanisms of development imposed on the newly independent countries, which also violated the subjectivity of their peoples, ignoring their values and aspirations. He condemned the racial-based violence and war imposed on the ‘underprivileged’ in the Global South and the Global North alike. These trains of thought describe different aspects of coloniality. This article will analyze these insights through a close reading of Marcuse’s work and comparisons with the writings of Frantz Fanon, Kwame Nkrumah and Samir Amin.
Resistance as desubjectivation in Foucault
Authors: Zaharijević Adriana , Urošević Milan
Published: September 2024

The article scrutinizes Foucault’s articulations of resistance, arguing against the entrenched understanding that resistance in Foucault is necessarily negative, or impossible. We concentrate on a specific period of his work, situated between the disciplinary phase and the beginning of the 1980s when Foucault began to develop the idea of the aesthetic of existence. We argue that in this period Foucault developed the notion of resistance as agentic, lived and possible, through three interrelated concepts. These are reverse discourse, counter-conduct and the critical attitude, elaborated in The History of Sexuality Vol. 1, the course Security, Territory, Population and the lecture ‘What is Critique?’. The link between these concepts is provided by the effect they produce, captured by Foucault’s understanding of desubjectivation. Our claim is that Foucault reorients his work towards studying subjectivity through articulating resistance as desubjectivation. The main claim of the article is that Foucault not only allows for the possibility of resistance, but that his attempts to calibrate what it may mean to resist led him to fine-tune his understanding of power. Foucault arrived at power as subjection through the gradual development of resistance as desubjectivation.
Zhuangzi and ideological state apparatuses
Authors: Hemmingsen Michael
Published: September 2024

Louis Althusser is perhaps most well-known for his concept of ‘Ideological State Apparatuses’ (ISAs). However, Althusser is not clear about what role, if any, ISAs play in a post-capitalist society. At times, Althusser talks about ISAs (and the state) withering; at other times, they are merely reformed. Sometimes, ISAs are described as having an inescapable repressive dimension; on other occasions, they are a perfectly acceptable tool for the reproduction of socialism. In this paper, I offer a way of thinking through this confusion that draws on the thought of the Daoist philosopher, Zhuangzi. I argue that Zhuangzian friendship represents a kind of radical equality that is reproducible without the traditional kind of ideological interpellation of ISAs, thereby allowing Althusser explain post-capitalist ideological reproduction. It is worth noting that in this paper, I am not engaging in a textual exegesis of the Zhuangzi. My primary interest is in using the contemporary literature on the Zhuangzi to think through a problem in Althusser’s philosophical system.
Protected, Yet Undocumented: The U.S. Case of Growing Liminal Immigration Status and the Theoretical, Advocacy, and Policy Implications for the U.S. and Beyond
Authors: Connor Phillip
Published: September 2024

Often, undocumented immigrants are considered a population living in the shadows. But living below the radar of U.S. governmental authorities is no longer as accurate. As of the end of 2023, estimates indicate nearly six million, or nearly half, of the undocumented population has some level of liminal or protected status. At the same time, these protections are more temporary than before as most immigration policy now occurs in the executive, and not the legislative, branch, and is subject to dramatic shifts with a change in administration. Also, the diversity of protection types has grown. Using data for the U.S. case, this paper examines the broader implications of this trend on how the term “undocumented” is defined, as well as the advocacy and policy implications such new statuses portend. Having the world's largest undocumented population, the U.S. case can also shed light on our broader understanding of the undocumented label as a globally-referenced category.
Oboe educators’ perspectives on playing-related injury, Part I: Lived experience and perceptions surrounding injury
Authors: Macdonald Heather M , Guptill Christine
Published: September 2024

Music students experiencing the potentially debilitating effects of playing-related injury (PRI) often first turn to their music teachers for help. This paper aims to document music instructors’ lived experience and perceptions surrounding PRI and better understand how teachers currently support students’ musculoskeletal health. Using a qualitative description approach, in-depth interviews with 10 oboe teachers (7 male, 3 female) documented their lived experience with or without injury and perceptions of PRI. Self-identified uninjured participants ( n = 5) described PRI-adjacent and non-PRI problems which elicited empathy for injured musicians, and self-reflective practices that contributed to better health. Injured participants described varied relationships to their pain, including pain as a source of guilt, distress, learning, and growth, and described diverse coping mechanisms including physical therapy, medication, mindfulness, and self-experimentation. Participants’ observations and experiences of PRI influenced their teaching, and several described seeking greater efficiency in students’ instrument set-up and body use. Resources for injured musicians were perceived to be difficult to access due to financial constraints, unawareness, jargon-filled language, and misinformation. These results suggest a need for more outreach from performing arts health professionals connecting music teachers, often the first point of contact for injured students, with high-quality resources which support student wellbeing.
Music performance anxiety: A study of anxiety predictors in higher education music students in Portugal
Authors: Barros Samuel , Marinho Helena , França Alex Bacadini , Pereira Anabela
Published: September 2024

Music performance anxiety (MPA) affects young musicians, and especially those in higher music education, due to the evaluation and performance demands of this context and their professional and personal expectations, with implications for health and wellbeing. This study investigates the following predictors of anxiety: gender, age, performance experience, health problems, coping strategies and medication use, among Portuguese higher education music students. The Portuguese Music Performance Anxiety Scale (PoMPAS) was used to collect data ( N = 414). A Student’s t-test for independent samples was used to assess the extent to which MPA levels differ according to gender, and multiple linear regression was conducted to evaluate how age, performance experience, health problems, coping strategies and medication use influence the MPA levels of the sample. The results show that female participants display higher MPA scores than males. To varying degrees, all the factors above significantly impact participants’ MPA levels, as evaluated by the scale’s Behavioural/Emotional, Contextual/Physiological and Cognitive elements. The results of this study suggest that preventive orientation and health programmes could promote the wellbeing, and, consequently, decrease the MPA levels, of this group.
The obese population’s views on the symptoms and risks of chronic venous insufficiency - 2 (OBVIOUS-2) cross-sectional survey
Authors: Popplewell Matthew A , Mahesh Sindoora , Nandra Sandip , Juszczak Maciej , Ashby Helen , Wall Michael L
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Individuals with high body mass index (BMI) are more likely to have symptomatic LLVD than age matched populations with normal BMI. National priorities in venous disease set by the James Lind Alliance focus on improving access to healthcare and patient education. The aims of this study are to determine patient knowledge and potential burden of LLVD in a population of patients attending a UK, regional weight management service.

Methods

A postal questionnaire containing 12 questions relating to LLVD and obesity was distributed to the active list of patients under the weight management medical service at Dudley Group of Hospitals between May 2022-23. Respondents were provided with a stamped, addressed envelope to return the questionnaire. Ethical approval was granted by the Hampshire Research & Ethics Committee.

Results

Some 367 questionnaires were distributed to patients currently enrolled in specialist weight management services. 103 complete responses were received (28%), Most patients were between 50 and 70 years of age. 25% of patients already had a formal diagnosis of LLVD, with a further 84 (82%) reported signs or symptoms which may be related to LLVD. Almost half (49/103, 48%) had concerns over their skin quality with a similar proportion (25/103, 51%) having sought medical help. The majority (71/103, 69%) were unaware of the association between obesity and LLVD. Twelve participants had education regarding simple adjuncts designed to improve symptoms and/or prevent ulceration (emollients, dressings, stockings, or leg elevation). Four participants had previously undergone treatment for varicose veins.

Conclusion

In a population of patients accessing weight management services, we have demonstrated that a quarter of patients have already received a diagnosis of LLVD, however there is for a greater undiagnosed burden of LLVD in part due to lack of patient and possibly clinician awareness.
A kinetic comparison between in situ hybrid microwave and conventional magnetising roasting of low-grade iron ore composite pellet
Authors: Mohanty Soumya Ranjan , Shukla Ajay Kumar
Published: September 2024

This article aims to comprehensively summarise the essential aspects of reduction kinetics in magnetising roasting of low-grade iron ore–coal composite pellets in the hybrid microwave and conventional furnace. The influence of crucial process parameters like temperature, time, and heating methods, including traditional and hybrid microwave heating, is explored. Investigating the impact of low-grade iron ore and coal quality on reduction kinetics is conducted to identify optimal heating methods for upgrading low-grade iron ore to blast furnace grade through magnetising roasting. The study uses diverse gas–solid reaction models to assess the reduction mechanism (Fe2O3 to Fe3O4). Results indicate the success of the contracting volume model for microwave heating, while conventional heating transitions from phase-boundary chemical control to diffusion control. XRD confirms magnetite dominance post-reduction, while scanning electron microscopy analysis establishes microwave crack-assisted efficiency over conventional heating for ease of reduction. A comparative study of apparent activation energy reveals the hybrid microwave method's four-fold lower (36.71 kJ/mol) than conventional resistance heating (156.19 kJ/mol). This underscores the potential of microwave heating for enhanced reduction kinetics and low-grade iron ore material processing applications.
A city so cold: parking on the streets of public–private predation
Authors: Henricks Kasey , Taboada Diego
Published: September 2024

Four out of every five vehicles towed in Chicago for snow-related parking violations were seized on days without accumulation of snow. Either unwilling or unable to satisfy the debts required to recover their cars, hundreds were never recovered. Synthesising multiple sources of public data over a five-year span (2013–2017), the authors show how these towing practices disparately devastate segregated communities of colour through impositions of debt and dispossession. Who profits from these impositions? The same politically connected company that represents one of Chicago’s first attempts at privatisation. United Road Towing landed the exclusive city contract in 1989, only nine days after the company’s creation, and its ascendance to Chicago’s political scene stood upon a white racial imaginary that linked parking violations to threats of urban decay. Through a euphemistically named public–private partnership, United Road Towing has since become one of the largest towing companies in the world. This article is an inquiry that parses out a concept the authors label as ‘public–private predation’ by historicising Chicago’s commodification of the streetscape, theorising how racialised hardship results from the draining of neighbourhood resources and quantifying which segregated communities are subject to these new sites of extraction – all within a world of winter parking regulations.
Gaseous politics: contradictions and moral frontiers of the energy transition in Ghana
Authors: Destrée Pauline
Published: September 2024

In Ghana, new oil and gas discoveries at a time of global decarbonization and energy transition have put into question the viability of the country’s hydrocarbon reserves and their promises of prosperity and development. As the country anticipates stranded assets, a discourse of carbon justice has emerged around new oil and gas extraction that emphasizes differentiated responsibilities for carbon emissions and colonial legacies of energy underdevelopment. In this paper, I explore the assemblage of what I call the “moral frontiers” of the energy transition through the case of natural gas expansion. I focus on the Atuabo gas processing plant in Ghana’s Western region, built in 2016 during an acute energy crisis to provide indigenous gas from the oilfields to the grid. Amidst growing opposition to and declining investment in oil, natural gas at Atuabo is presented as a “bridging fuel” that reconciles, physically and ethically, the contradictions of global decarbonization imperatives with local demands for industrialization, energy access, security and sovereignty. Through the materiality of gas infrastructure at Atuabo – including the land acquisition process, the take-or-pay contracts of its IPPs, the operations of the plant and its applications, and the contested environmental impact of the plant – I argue that gas’ liminality as a transition or bridge fuel reshapes the moral and political possibilities of fossil fuels in a global but unequal energy transition.
Afterword: Kill the petrostate
Authors: Boyer Dominic , Howe Cymene
Published: September 2024

Afterword to “Contesting Transitions” special issue, eds. Mark Goodale and Zeynep Oguz.
We, the receptors: Planning and the politicization of local opposition to fracking in Britain
Authors: Szolucha Anna
Published: September 2024

The British government used to herald shale gas as a bridge fuel to a zero-carbon economy, trying (and ultimately, failing) to incorporate this hydrocarbon into a punctuated energy transition that is still under way in the country. On the one hand, planning translated central political decisions into local priorities, but on the other hand, it politicized public opposition to fracking. Although, there have been considerable criticisms of the planning process for fracking in Great Britain, we still lack a grounded understanding of how planning influenced the wider dynamics of public engagement with shale gas development. Drawing on ethnographic and participatory research across three locations in northern England, I explore how the planning process was experienced by the public and how its local participants were impacted by it. The ways in which planning dealt with evidence, public perception and democratic legitimacy suggested that planning was reinforcing the governmental pro-fracking policies while simultaneously undermining its own legitimacy, as questions about validity, impartiality and democracy were being raised. Rather than merely a technocratic arena for adjudicating between private and public interests, planning had a transformative effect on local participants and served as an important moment for mobilizing more politicized forms of public opposition against fracking, which undermined the energy-transition narratives touted by the government. I use anthropological theorizations of ritual to explain the concrete local dynamics that led to this unintended effect. This case study suggests that centrally orchestrated energy transitions may fail when they are enacted through local processes that foster experiences of injustice and lack of local control among the opposing publics.
Introduction: Contesting the moral worlds, scales, and epistemics of energy transitions
Authors: Oguz Zeynep , Goodale Mark
Published: September 2024

The introduction to this special issue, Contesting Transitions: New Directions in the Anthropology of Energy, Climate Justice, and Resource Imaginaries, takes stock of the current state of debate within anthropology and allied fields over the contradictions, slippages, and inequalities at the centre of the global energy transition. Across a wide range of critical case studies, the contributions underscore the importance of attending to what is being elided by dominant discourses and forms of production, such as alternatives to socio-material understandings of energy and resistance to the inevitability of extractivism as the basis for new ways of living. Even more, the collection takes up and problematizes the concept of ‘transition’ itself on historical, ethnographic, and epistemological grounds. After describing the themes that emerge from the special issue, and explaining how these themes point toward new configurations of research, theory-building, and critical intervention, the introduction concludes with a broader argument about the indispensable place of a critical anthropology in debates over energy and Anthropocenic harm.
Investigating the Interrelationships among Factors Associated with Automated Vehicle Crashes Using Additive Bayesian Network
Authors: Huang Chunxi , Wang Ange , Yan Song , He Dengbo
Published: September 2024

Although automated vehicles (AVs) were considered a promising solution to enhance traffic safety by eliminating human errors, AV crashes still happen in mixed traffic consisting of human-driven vehicles and AVs. Thus, to reduce AV-involved crashes, it is necessary to understand the factors leading to AV crashes. However, traditional regression-based methods may not reveal a structured relationship among leading factors of AV crashes, which hinders the exploration of countermeasures to AV crashes. Based on the 246 AV crash records collected by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, this study investigated the factors associated with AV crashes. An additive Bayesian network (ABN) approach was utilized to construct the topological relationship among potential influential factors of AV crashes, followed by post-ABN regression analyses. Results show that, though AV technologies have developed rapidly in the past few years, rear-end crashes are still dominant among AV-involved crashes, potentially because of the discrepancy in the driving behaviors between AV and human-driven vehicles. The crash type of AV-involved crashes is more related to the pre-crash movements of crash partners than it is to the pre-crash movements of AVs, while crash outcomes (e.g., injury severity) are associated with the environmental factors (e.g., operating entities) and crash-procedure-related factors (e.g., crash type). Findings from this study aid in understanding AV crash patterns, which can inform targeted interventions and technology advancements to improve safety outcomes for all road users.
Swapping Level of Service for Vehicle Miles Traveled in Project-Level Environmental Impact Analysis: Trends and Challenges in California
Authors: Hosseinzade Reyhane , Volker Jamey M. B. , Evans Mira
Published: September 2024

Automobile level of service (LOS) is the longest-standing and most commonly used performance metric in transportation impact analysis in the U.S. However, Senate Bill (SB) 743 upended that status quo for environmental impact review of land development projects in California, requiring that local governments analyze vehicle miles traveled (VMT) rather than LOS. In this study, we investigated how California’s local governments have responded to the mandated LOS-to-VMT switch. We obtained and analyzed information for 274 of the state’s 539 cities and counties, using expert interviews, documentary reviews, website searches, and communications with local government staff. We found that most jurisdictions had either adopted or were in the process of adopting their own VMT impact standards, though difficulties in implementing VMT-based standards were common and were more pronounced for smaller and more rural jurisdictions. In their standards, most jurisdictions hewed closely to the recommendations of the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research. Despite switching to VMT analysis for environmental review purposes, all respondent jurisdictions continued to use LOS outside the environmental review process. Overall, we found a consensus amongst our interviewees that swapping LOS for VMT could streamline development in urban areas but not in more suburban or rural jurisdictions. Our findings are specific to California, but they can provide useful guidance to other states or local governments outside of California that are considering adopting a VMT-based metric for transportation impact analyses.
Prevalence of Abnormalities and Normal Variants in the Adolescent Knee on MRI in a Population-Based Cohort of 3800 Knees
Authors: Kemmeren Laura A.M. , Oei Edwin H.G. , van Middelkoop Marienke , Eygendaal Denise , Piscaer Tom M.
Published: September 2024

Background:

Many adolescents experience knee pain, and only some undergo detailed imaging. In this population, the prevalence of abnormalities and normal variants on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is unknown.

Purpose:

To investigate the prevalence of abnormalities and normal variants of the knee on MRI scans and their relationship with participant characteristics in the general young adolescent population.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This study was part of an open population-based cohort study that focuses on health, growth, and development from fetal life until adulthood. Between 2017 and 2020, adolescents aged 12 to 15 years underwent MRI of both knees. These MRI scans were assessed in a standardized way for abnormalities and normal variants to determine their prevalence. Logistic regression was used to analyze the presence of abnormalities and normal variants in relation to sex, height, weight, body mass index–standard deviation (BMI-SD), and ethnicity.

Results:

A total of 1910 participants (median age, 13.5 years; interquartile range, 13.4-13.7 years; 52% girls) were included in this study. Of them, 370 (19.4%) participants had at least 1 abnormality or normal variant. Bone marrow edema around the knee was the most prevalent finding, affecting 140 (7.3%) participants. In 107 (5.6%) participants, nonossifying fibromas were found. A total of 43 (2.3%) participants had characteristics of Osgood-Schlatter disease, 16 (0.8%) showed characteristics of Sinding-Larsen-Johansson syndrome, and osteochondritis dissecans was found in 13 (0.7%) participants. Variants such as discoid menisci were found in 40 (2.1%) participants and a bipartite patella in 21 (1.1%) participants. There were multiple associations between abnormalities or variants and participant characteristics, including bone marrow edema being more often present in boys (odds ratio [OR], 2.44; 95% CI, 1.69-3.52) and those with a lower BMI-SD (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.98). Osgood-Schlatter and osteochondritis dissecans were more often present in boys (OR, 4.21 [95% CI, 2.01-8.85] and OR, 13.18 [95% CI, 1.71-101.58], respectively). Discoid menisci were associated with a non-Western ethnicity (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.07-3.96) and higher BMI-SD (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.76-3.11).

Conclusion:

Abnormalities and normal variants on MRI scans of the knees are common in adolescents. Physicians who are involved in the treatment of adolescents with knee pain need to be aware of this prevalence so that these children will not be overtreated or misdiagnosed.
Use of carbon-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticles from waste biomass to hydrogen sulphide wet removal
Authors: Passalacqua Elena , Correcher Rubén , Mantovani Marco , Collina Elena , Fullana Andrés
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates the use of carbon-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticles for biogas upgrading in wet systems. The nanoparticles were produced by hydrothermal carbonization, using olive mill waste (OMW) or microalgae as carbon sources. The solids were characterized to investigate the specific surface area, total and zero-valent iron content, pHPZC and chemical and crystalline composition. Their adsorption performance towards hydrogen sulphide (H2S) was tested by treating two types of synthetic biogas with and without CO2. In both cases, the starting H2S concentration was approximately 60 ppm and the experiments lasted until the complete saturation of the nanoparticles. Optimal Fe/C ratios of 0.05 for OMW nanoparticles and 0.2 for microalgae nanoparticles demonstrated H2S-specific adsorption capacities of 9.66 and 9.55 [Formula: see text], respectively, in a synthetic biogas without CO2. The addition of CO2 in biogas reduced adsorption, possibly due to system acidification. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed surface compounds on the surface of the spent nanoparticles, including disulphides, polysulphides and sulphate. The saturated adsorbents were effectively regenerated with air, leading to the oxidation of sulphur species and desorption. The regeneration allowed a total adsorption capacity of 53.25 and 34.14 [Formula: see text], after 10 consecutive cycles of adsorption/regeneration with a single batch of olive mill and microalgae nanoparticles, respectively.
Telelactation Within the Landscape of Breastfeeding Support: Experiences of Latina Parents
Authors: Alvarado Gabriela , Howell Khadesia , Waymouth Molly , Demirci Jill , Rogers Rhianna , Ray Kristin , Uscher-Pines Lori
Published: September 2024

Background:

Despite increasing breastfeeding initiation rates in the United States, disparities in breastfeeding continuation and exclusivity by race and ethnicity persist.

Research Aim:

We aimed to understand the perceptions and experiences of Latina parents who received access to telelactation, and assessed the implications of integrating telelactation into pediatric settings.

Methods:

This cross-sectional qualitative study drew from participants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial about breastfeeding support. We recruited 20 participants from among those participating in a randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of telelactation on breastfeeding outcomes. The study design was informed by an Equity-Centered Model and authentic entry. We conducted a thematic content analysis through an iterative approach, where we systematically generated themes to describe code application patterns.

Results:

We identified three themes: (1) telelactation within the broader landscape of breastfeeding support; (2) perceptions of telelactation support; and (3) recommendations on the use of telelactation in the context of pediatric care. We found that participants had an escalation approach for seeking breastfeeding support and propose a new model: Breastfeeding Support Escalation Protocol, which can be applied to lactation support in pediatric care. Parents’ perceptions and recommendations highlighted their desire for care coordination, expanded options for telelactation engagement, and care continuity, which are important reflections for pediatric offices considering integrating telelactation services into their practice.

Conclusions:

Latina parents found telehealth to be helpful and an acceptable alternative to in-person services. Pediatric offices can take steps toward becoming Breastfeeding-Friendly by partnering with telelactation services. More research is needed on the logistical implications and cost-effectiveness of telelactation services as part of the pediatric practice.
Why and How Do Family Firms Go Public? A Socioemotional Wealth Perspective of IPO
Authors: Carbone Emmadonata , Campopiano Giovanna , Cirillo Alessandro , Mussolino Donata
Published: September 2024

This study investigates why and how family firms go public via initial public offering (IPO) and explores how family firms’ distinctive traits contribute to specific IPO behavior. The results show that family firms face IPO following three paths— shine, continue, and challenge. Family IPO firms emphasize control, identification, and succession ( shine); focus on family social capital, responsibility toward stakeholders, and family business identity ( continue); and highlight control, identification, new leaders’ self-affirmation, and generational transfers ( challenge). We uncover the complexities of emotional endowment—a reference point for making IPO decisions and a resource or constraint to engage in the IPO process.
Oil and gas pipeline robot localization techniques: A review
Authors: Li Yujia , Huang Xiao
Published: September 2024

Globally, pipelines are the primary means for transporting resources. To ensure the safety and reliability of pipeline transportation, it is essential to regularly use pipeline robots for inspections. Localization techniques for these robots are critical as they determine the real-time position and status of the robot inside the pipeline, playing an extremely important role in pipeline operations. Understanding the latest research trends in pipeline robot localization techniques can help advance the overall development of the pipeline field and reduce the potential for research duplication. This paper reviews the global developments in pipeline robot localization techniques over the past decade, categorizing them into three major methods: in-pipe localization, out-of-pipe localization and multi-source information fusion localization. It analyzes the fundamentals, strengths and weaknesses of eight major localization techniques for pipeline robots, identifies the current limitations and solutions in these technologies, discusses the field test analysis and practical design factors, and anticipates the open research challenges and future prospects of this field.