bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity in chronic kidney disease: a large cross-sectional study of prevalence in Scottish primary care
Authors: MacRae Clare , Mercer Stewart W , Guthrie Bruce , Henderson David
Published: December 2020

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly comorbid with hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the extent of comorbidity in CKD across a range of concordant (shared pathophysiology and/or treatment) conditions and discordant (unrelated pathophysiology and/or different or contradictory treatment) conditions is not well documented.

Aim

To ascertain the prevalence of comorbidity, across 39 physical and mental health comorbidities, in adults with CKD in a large, nationally representative primary care population.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional analysis of a primary care dataset representing 1 274 374 adults in Scotland.

Method

This study was a secondary analysis of general practice electronic medical record data using binary logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Data of adults aged ≥25 years and 40 long-term conditions were used.

Results

A total of 98.2% of adults with CKD had at least one comorbidity, versus 51.8% in controls. After adjustment for age, sex, and deprivation, people with CKD were more likely to have 1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.0 to 7.1), 2–3 (aOR 15.2, 95% CI = 14.0 to 16.5), 4–6 (odds ratio [OR] 26.6, 95% CI = 24.4 to 28.9), and ≥7 other conditions (OR 41.9, 95% CI = 38.3 to 45.8). Furthermore, all concordant (seven out of seven), the majority of discordant physical health conditions (17 out of 24), and mental health conditions (six out of eight) had statistically significant positive associations with CKD after adjustment.

Conclusion

Chronic kidney disease is associated with extreme comorbidity across a wide range of mental and physical conditions. Routine care for people with CKD should include recognition and management of comorbidities, and clinical guidelines should support clinicians to do this.
National Guidelines for Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation of Iranian Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Authors: Ghawami Heshmatollah , Jazayeri Seyed Behnam , Sabeti Nowsud Azad , Sharif-Alhoseini Mahdi , Shirvani Armin , Kheyri Maryam , Abdollah Zadegan Shayan , Noorian Nahid , Mohammadian Fatemeh , Karimi Yarandi Kourosh , Azad Akram , Rezaeitalab Fariborz , Barekatain Majid , Bakhtiyari Jalal , Moradi Alireza , Khatoonabadi Ahmad Reza , Haghgoo Hojjat Allah , Gheini Mohammad Reza , Khadivi Masoud , Faghih Jouibari Morteza , Khayat Kashani Hamid Reza , Mirzaasgari Zahra , Meshkini Ali , Haghshenas Hassan , Samini Fariborz , Mohit Parviz , Akbarfahimi Malahat , Alimohammadi Yadollah , Payandemehr Pooya , Abbaszadeh Ahranjani Jalal , Arabkheradmand Jalil , Vahabi Zahra , Arbabi Mohammad , Kermanpour Hossein , Ghandehari Kavian , Bakhshani Nour-Mohammad , Motlagh Pirooz Farhad , Ghaedi Gholamhossein , Dolatshahi Behrooz , Tavakoli Seyed Fakhredin , Vosough Iraj , Amirjamshidi Abbas , Hatami Javad , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
Published: December 2020

Background: Individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have prolonged cognitive impairments, resulting in long-term problems with their real-life activities. Given the urgent need for evidence-based recommendations for neuropsychological management of Iranian TBI patients, the current work aimed to adapt eligible international guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of the TBI patients in Iran. Methods: The project was led by an executive committee, under the supervision of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). Following a systematic literature search and selection process, four guidelines were included for adaptation. Clinical recommendations of the source guidelines were tabulated as possible clinical scenarios for 90 PICO clinical questions covering all relevant phases of care. After summing up the scenarios, our initial list of recommendations was drafted according to the Iranian patients’ conditions. The final decision-making, with the contribution of a national interdisciplinary panel of 37 experts from across the country, was conducted in two rounds using online and offline survey forms (Round 1), and face-to-face and telephone meetings (Round 2). Results: A total of 63 recommendations in six sections were included in the final list of recommendations, among which 24 were considered as key recommendations. In addition, some of the recommendations were identified as fundamental, meaning that proper implementation of the other recommendations is largely dependent on their implementation. Conclusion: Iranian health policy makers and rehabilitation program managers are recommended to address some fundamental issues to provide the necessary infrastructure to set up an efficient cognitive rehabilitation service system.
Five-Year Efficacy of Transobturator Tape Treatment and Quality of Life in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Sahin Mehmet Oguz , Sen Volkan , Irer Bora , Yildiz Guner
Published: December 2020

Background: We aimed to assess the results of first- and fifth-year outcomes and the effect on quality of life (QoL) of transobturator tape (TOT) treatment in patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: The patients who underwent TOT surgery between January 2008 and June 2013 were screened retrospectively. The QoL was evaluated with Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) and Urogenital Distress Inventory-Short Form (UDI-6). The subjective evaluation of patients in terms of incontinence outcome was classified as worsened (UDI-6 and IIQ-7 if pre-operative < postoperative), improved (UDI-6 and IIQ-7 if pre-operative > postoperative), or cured (UDI-6 and IIQ-7 postoperative <10). The first-year and fifth-year success rates were compared between the IIQ-7 and UDI-6 results. Results: A total of 109 patients were included in the study. There was a significant improvement (P<0.001) in the patients’ UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores when the preoperative and postoperative first-year results were compared. Comparing the postoperative first-year and fifth-year total UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores, a significant improvement was observed and the patients’ complaints were significantly reduced (P<0.001). The results of the IIQ-7 and UDI-6 questionnaire revealed that the TOT surgery success rate was 93.3% at the end of the first year and 88.7% at the end of the fifth year. Conclusion: The postoperative first-year and fifth-year data reveal that TOT surgery has a high success rate and positive effects on QoL. Low complication rates and the ease of application make TOT a good alternative to other treatment modalities in surgical treatment of SUI.
Hepatitis B Virus Screening and Real Life Data in Patients with Solid Tumor Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Fidan Sami , Fidan Evren , Alandağ Celal , Erkut Murat , Cosar Arif Mansur
Published: December 2020

Background: Reactivation of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) either during or after chemotherapy may cause serious and sometimes fatal hepatitis. All patients undergoing chemotherapy should therefore be screened in terms of HBV before chemotherapy. The purpose of this research was to identify HBV screening rates in patients with solid cancer undergoing parenteral chemotherapy and to determine the outcomes of patients undergoing HBV screening. Methods: Data for patients undergoing parenteral chemotherapy for solid cancer from January 1, 2012 to December 30, 2018 were retrieved from our electronic health record patient files in this retrospective study. Screening was defined as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and/or hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) tests carried out within six months prior the first chemotherapy session. Results: Four thousand fifty-eight (63%) of the 6440 patients who underwent parenteral chemotherapy were screened for HBsAg and/or HBcAb. The proportions of patients screened for HBsAg and HBcAb improved from 38.8% (2012) to 76.3% (2018), and from 0.2% (2012) to 43% (2018), respectively (P<0.001). The HBsAg and HBcAb positivity rates were 2.9% and 36.5%, respectively. Antiviral prophylaxis was started in 11.8% of HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-positive patients and 40.5% of HBsAg-positive patients. HBV reactivation did not occur in patients receiving antiviral prophylaxis, but was identified in 7.2% of HBsAg-positive patients and 0.6% of HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-positive patients without antiviral prophylaxis. Conclusion: Although HBV screening rates before chemotherapy are increasing among solid cancer patients, the rate of initiation of antiviral prophylaxis is still low. It is therefore important to raise awareness regarding HBV reactivation during/after chemotherapy.
Las relaciones de Colombia con Estados Unidos en tiempos de pos-acuerdo de paz y Donald Trump ¿Del ‘socio ejemplar’ al ‘país problema’?
Authors: Bodemer Klaus
Published: December 2020

Históricamente, las relaciones entre Colombia y Estados Unidos fueron discutidas repetidas veces en términos de la existencia de dos doctrinas, respice polum y respice similia, las cuales han orientado las relaciones exteriores del país andino en términos de subordinación y alineación, o diversificación y búsqueda de autonomía. Objeto de nuestro trabajo es el desarrollo de estas relaciones durante las dos últimas décadas bajo la estrategia del Plan Colombia y su sucesor, el Plan Paz Colombia. Focalizado al comienzo en primer lugar en la lucha anti-droga, el margen de cooperación entre ambos países fue paulatinamente ampliado e incluyó más áreas, reflejo de cambios tanto en los ámbitos internos de ambos países, como el contexto regional e internacional. Partiendo de algunas hipótesis básicas sobre el rumbo de las relaciones bilaterales y un resumen de su desarrollo histórico hasta la presidencia de Juan Manuel Santos, el texto analiza en su parte principal la cooperación bilateral en las diferentes áreas políticas desde el comienzo del año 2017, caracterizado por la entrada en vigor del acuerdo de paz con las FARC y la asunción de Donald Trump como nuevo presidente en Estados Unidos. Desde el punto de vista analítico, utilizamos planteamientos del neorrealismo, del social constructivismo y del concepto intermestic policy. Al final nos preguntamos, si el desarrollo de las relaciones bilaterales desde 2017 hasta nuestros días está confirmando las doct333rinas e hipótesis formuladas en la introducción.
Aportes teóricos para el estudio de la cooperación transfronteriza de unidades subestatales de doble periferia
Authors: Juste Stella , Oddone Nahuel
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo propone un acercamiento teórico al estudio de la cooperación transfronteriza de unidades subestatales de doble periferia. Es decir, las acciones de cooperación transfronteriza de unidades subestatales de la periferia de un Estado que, a su vez, se inserta en la periferia del sistema internacional. El estudio de la cooperación transfronteriza resulta un campo de acción internacional clave para las unidades subestatales en esta condición. El artículo se compone de tres partes. La primera parte aborda, desde el punto de vista teórico, la conceptualización de doble periferia. El análisis se enfoca en las variables que determinan la doble dependencia: el aislamiento geográfico, la cohesión y movilidad social, la calidad de los liderazgos, la inestabilidad institucional, la capacidad de pensar en un modelo de desarrollo propio, y la articulación productiva y las cadenas de valor. El segundo apartado se dedica a la cooperación transfronteriza de las unidades de doble periferia, como herramienta de superación de esa condición y estrategia de desarrollo subestatal. Por último, se presentan algunas reflexiones finales.
Dinámicas identitarias y políticas públicas para la transición hacia la agroecología de los pequeños agricultores del Chaco argentino
Authors: Serpe Paula C. , Hernández Valeria A.
Published: December 2020

Las críticas a la agricultura industrial abrieron el debate sobre las “agriculturas alternativas” para la transición hacia nuevos sistemas sustentables. Una de las respuestas generadas se plasmó en la idea de agroecología. En este artículo analizamos desde un enfoque etnográfico el proceso de construcción de “identidad agroecológica” de un grupo de productores del Departamento Bermejo (provincia de Chaco) y el rol de las políticas públicas en dicho proceso.
A prospective study of the monitoring of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia upon withdrawal of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy
Authors: Turkina A. G. , Petrova A. N. , Chelysheva E. Yu. , Shukhov O. A. , Tsyba O. N. , Golenkov A. K. , Vysotskaia L. L. , Bykova A. V. , Nemchenko I. S. , Gusarova G. A. , Pospelova O. M. , Gurianova M. A. , Martynkevich I. S. , Abdullaev A. O. , Sudarikov A. B. , Kulikov S. M. , Savchenko V. G.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in clinical practice drastically improved prognosis in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Adverse events of the TKI therapy and its high ﬁnancial burden warrant the trend to gradually abandon this treatment.

Aim. To assess the results of CML patient monitoring after the withdrawal of TKI therapy.

Patients and methods. This prospective study included 98 chronic phase CML patients satisfying the criteria: any receiving of TKI therapy for ≥3 years; deep molecular response (DMR, BCR-ABL ≤ 0.01 % IS) during ≥ 2 years. The withdrawal was followed by quantitative BCR-ABL estimation performed monthly for the ﬁrst 6 months of the survey, bimonthly for 1 year and every 3 months from the second year onwards. Therapy was resumed at a loss of major molecular response (MMR, BCR-ABL ≥ 0.1 % IS).

Results. The MMR loss upon the TKI withdrawal was observed in 48 (49 %) patients. Survival without MMR loss was 52 % past 24 months since withdrawal, with a median of 35 months (23–52). The duration of therapy, MR and the MR depth at the time of withdrawal signiﬁcantly correlated with a conserved post-therapy MMR. Gender, age, a Sokal risk group, type and line of TKI therapy at withdrawal, and imatinib resistance in history were not observed to signiﬁcantly impact molecular relapse-free remission. MMR was recovered in all 48 patients with TKI therapy resumed in molecular relapse. In 65 % of the patients, adverse therapy events observed during treatment completely resolved by 6 months of post-therapy monitoring. Musculoskeletal pain (withdrawal syndrome, WS) was reported in 42 % patients in the post-therapeutic period, which did not lead to TKI resumption. The WS development correlated with an elder age and longer therapy prior to withdrawal.

Conclusion. Molecular relapse-free survival in CML patients with treatment-free remission (TFR) is comparable to other published evidence. Monitoring safety during TFR is attested by the lack of disease progression and MMR recovery upon TKI resumption in all patients.
Oligoclonality and subpopulation structure of bone marrow T-cells in patients with aplastic anaemia
Authors: Abramova A. V. , Galtseva I. V. , Mikhailova E. A. , Kapranov N. M. , Davydova Yu. O. , Fidarova Z. T. , Troitskaya V. V. , Parovichnikova E. N. , Savchenko V. G.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The main pathogenetic mechanism of the development of aplastic anemia (AA) is a violation of the immune regulation of hematopoiesis.

Aim: to study of the subpopulation composition of T-cells and the repertoire of the T-cell receptor in AA patients.

Patients and Methods. The study included AA patients (n = 40) without prior immunosuppressive therapy in 2018–2020. The T-cell subpopulation structure and T-cell receptor Vβ-family (TCR-Vβ) oligoclonality were studied in samples of bone marrow using ﬂow cytometry.

Results. We report characteristic properties of T-cell subpopulations of bone marrow in all AA patients: elevated counts of cytotoxic T-cells, effector CD4+ and CD8+ cells, CD4+ memory cells, which may suggest a long-term antigenic stimulation with subsequent activation of these cell subpopulations resulting in hyperexpression of pro-inﬂammatory cytokines. Diminishing of naive CD4+ and CD8+ cells, regulatory and double negative T-cells may indicate a relaxing control of cytokine-producing T-cells. A relationship has been established between the AA severity and counts of effector, regulatory, double negative and PD-1 positive T-cells. A highest count of potentially cytokine-producing T-cells and lowest count of cells involved in T-cell activity regulation were observed in very severe AA patients. Studies of the TCR-Vβ repertoire revealed oligoclonal expansion in the cytotoxic T-cell subpopulation.

Conclusion. Enrichment in selected Vβ families suggests autoreactive T-cell clonality and attests to the immune nature of AA. A dynamic TCR-Vβ repertoire assay may be recommended in the disease monitoring. Flow cytometry helps identify valuable biomarkers for T-cell clone monitoring in AA and a better assessment of the disease progression.
Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in multiple myeloma
Authors: Lutsik N. S. , Mendeleeva L. P. , Solovev M. V. , Kulikov S. M. , Chabaeva Yu. A. , Yatsyk G. A.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Whole-body diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an informative method for bone marrow inﬁltration diagnosis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and post-monitoring in autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT).

Aim: to study bone marrow lesions in MM patients using whole-body MRI prior to and after chemotherapy with subsequent auto-HSCT.

Materials and methods. Forty patients with MM were included in a prospective study of whole-body MRI before and after high-dose chemotherapy with auto-HSCT. All patients had whole-body MRI prior to and at +100 day of auto-HSCT. Antitumour response was assessed after induction and at +100 day. The number and volume of bone marrow lesions prior to and at +100 day of auto-HSCT were determined, along with apparent diffusion coefﬁcient (ADC) in the lesions.

Results. We observed a signiﬁcant reduction of 29 % in the number of lesions, 40 % — in their volume and 33 % — in ADC. A signiﬁcant correlation was revealed between relative reduction in the number and volume of foci (r = 0.52, p = 0.0017). A correlation was found between relative reduction in the foci number and ADC (r = 0.47, p = 0.016). Patients with lesions > 7 cm3 in MRI data exhibited a lesser reduction in the foci number and volume and ADC values after auto-HSCT compared to patients with lesions < 7 cm3.

Conclusion. Whole-body MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging and subsequent estimation of the number and volume of lesions and their ADC values prior to and after auto-HSCT add power to assessing antitumour response in MM patients with auto-HSCT.
Étude de la croissance de l’Oreochromis niloticus en élevage semi-intensif à la ferme Naviundu de l’Université de Lubumbashi.
Authors: Makila Kayuma , Kiayima Ngoy , Mwine-Nsenge Maloba , Kabamba Ngoie , Kasongo Kiteta , Nkum Nzel Labe , Mukuende Katambi , Lushimba Ipungu
Published: December 2020

1 RÉSUMÉ Les auteurs ont étudié la croissance de l’Oreochromis niloticus élevé dans un système semiintensif en fonction du poids et de la taille des alevins à la ferme Naviundu de l’université de Lubumbashi, à Lubumbashi. Il était question d’évaluer la croissance d’Oreochromis niloticus. Cette étude a portée sur la croissance de 142 alevins d’Oreochromis niloticus dont le poids moyen initial était de 0,75g et 2,05cm de longueur corporelle. Faisant recours à la méthode d’échantillonnage, aux paramètres physico-chimiques de l’eau, aux paramètres de mesures et au nourrissage en fonction de la biomasse avec un aliment composé à base des ingrédients locaux, à 45% de protéines ; la température moyenne observée durant cette période était de 24,3o C. Au bout de 3 mois d’étude, soit de février à avril, les moyennes évaluées étaient de 17,25g et 7,28cm de longueur. L’étang expérimental avait une superficie de 50m2 et un volume d’eau de 29,75m3
Ladislav Borecky. Veda v nás a około nás. Úvahy o vede, človeku a spoločnosti [Nauka w nas i wokół nas]
Authors: Słomski Wojciech
Published: December 2020

Nie ulega wątpliwości, ze jak na książkę filozoficzną praca L. Boreckiego jest pozycją nietypowy i zarazem wyjątkową. Jej nietypowość wynika przede wszystkim z faktu, że autor nie jest zawodowym filozofem, a jego filozoficzne zainteresowania wynikają z problemów, na które natknął się w dziedzinach nie związanych z filozofią. Mamy tutaj do czynienia z książką „filozofującego lekarza", tak osoby autora określa się we Wstępie. Tego rodzaju prac pojawia się dość sporo. Wiele z nich - właśnie dzięki swemu potocznemu, pozbawionemu specjalistycznych wyrażeń językowi - zdobywa popularność, jednakże stosunkowo nieliczne mają rzeczywisty wartość poznawczy, która nie polega wyłącznie na dostarczeniu czytelnikowi porcji przyciągających uwagę ciekawostek i kontrowersyjnych interpretacji, lecz jest odkrywcza z punktu widzenia filozofii.
Pengaruh Pemberian Asiklovir dalam Menurunkan Progresifitas dan Transmisi HIV
Authors: Asshiddiq M Rafli Febri
Published: December 2020

Latar belakang : Epidemi HIV/AIDS memberikan tantangan berat bagi pembangunan dan kemajuan sosial. HIV merupakan virus yang ditularkan terutama melalui hubungan seksual, jalur intravena yang digunakan secara bersamaan, dan transmisi ibu ke anak yang dapat terjadi saat proses kelahiran ataupun menyusui. HIV terutama disebabkan karena infeksi HIV-1 atau HIV-2, retrovirus yang tergolong dalam famili retroviridae, genus Lentivirus. Pengobatan dengan terapi anti-retroviral memberikan hasil efektif dan telah membantu menjaga kesehatan bagi mereka dengan infeksi HIV namun angka mortalitas terkait HIV tetap tinggi. Upaya pencegahan dilakukan untuk menurunkan angka mortalitas maupun morbiditas terkait HIV. Salah satu upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah pemberian asiklovir namun hal ini masih kontroversial. Asiklovir adalah agen yang digunakan untuk mengobati infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus herpes simpleks (HSV). Tujuan : Mengetahui peran dari asiklovir dalam menurunkan transmisi penularan HIV. Metode : Menggunakan studi letarute dari junal baik nasional maupun internasional dengan meringkas topik pembahasan dan membandingkan hasil yang disajikan dalam artikel. Hasil : Koinfeksi HIV dengan HSV dapat meningkatkan laju transmisi dan progresifitas penyakit. Pengobatan utama untuk herpes simpleks adalah dengan asiklovir. Asiklovir dengan dosis 2x400 mg dan valasiklovir dengan dosis 2 x 500 mg berperan dalam mengurangi progresifitas penyakit. Asiklovir mempunyai efek anti-HIV secara langsung. Namun asiklovir tidak menurunkan laju transmisi dari HIV itu sendiri. Kesimpulan : Asiklovir berperan dalam menurunkan angka kematian dan progresifitas HIV menjadi AIDS dengan adanya efek anti-HIV secara langsung.
Pengetahuan Pasien Tentang Penyakit TB Paru Di Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat Makassar
Authors: Nurhaedah Nurhaedah , Herman Herman
Published: December 2020

Latar belakang: TB paru merupakan penyakit yang sederhana serta mudah diobati dan pengelolaan utamanya adalah mengobati gejalanya saja. Pengetahuan yang terbatas tentang TB paru ini membuat penyakit ini sering kali tidak tertangani dengan baik. Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik deskriptif, dimana metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data dengan penyebaran kuisioner kepada responden. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien yang datang berobat. Pengolahan data penelitian dilakukan dengan melalui tahap-tahap sebagai berikut: seleksi, editing, koding, tabulasi. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil: menunjukan berpengetahuan baik tentang cara penularan, keteraturan minum obat dan komplikasi penyakit TB Paru sebanyak 10 orang (33%) dan yang berpengetahuan kurang tentang cara penularan, keteraturan minum obat dan komplikasi penyakit TB Paru sebanyak 20 orang (67%).Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar memiliki berpengetahuan kurang tentang cara penularan, keteraturan minum obat dan komplikasi penyakit TB Paru. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh pasien TB Paru belum begitu luas tentang komplikas penyakit TB Paru. Memberikan motivasi dan dorongan yang membangun pada pasien TB Paru serta memberikan penyuluhan kesehatan secara efektif pada pasien TB Paru saat berobat
Identifikasi Escherichia coli Penyebab Waterborne Disease pada Air Mimun Kemasan dan Air Mimunm Isi Ulang
Authors: Khairunnida Gusti Rizka , Rusmini Hetti , Maharyuni Esteria , Warganegara Efrida
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Latar Belakang : Depot air minum isi ulang dan air minum kemasan banyak didapati pada daerah perkotaan yang didorong oleh tingginya kebutuhan masyarakat akan air, baik untuk minum maupun dalam kebutuhan sehari-hari lainnya. Air yang terkontaminasi jika dikonsumsi akan menimbulkan suatu penyakit. Tujuan : Mengetahui cemaran bakteri Escherichia coli penyebab waterborne disease pada air minum isi ulang dan air minum kemasan di Kelurahan Kemiling Raya dengan cara peyaringan kemudian mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi pada media selektif diferensial. Metode : Desain penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kulitatif eksperimetal. Sampel air minum isi ulang dan air minum kemasan disaring dengan penyarig membran kemudia diinkubasi pada media selektif deferensial Chromogenic Coliform Agar untuk mengetahui adanya cemaran bakteri Escherichia coli penyebab waterborne disease. Hasil : Terdapat koloni bakteri Escherichia coli penyebab waterborne disease pada air minum isi ulang pada sampel X, Y, dan Z dengan masing-masing memiliki jumlah 2,4 x 102 cfu/100ml, 6,8 x102 cfu/100ml dan sampel Z memiliki jumlah koloni yang sangat banyak sehingga dikategorikan TBUD, sedangkan untuk sampel W tidak terdapat koloni bakteri. Pada sampel air minum kemasan A dan B memiliki jumlah koloni bakteri Escherichia coli yang sama yaitu sebanyak 2,0 x 100 cfu/250ml. Kesimpulan : Jumlah koloni bakteri Escherichia coli pada sampel air minum isi ulang lebih besar dari pada air minum kemasan. Tidak terdapat bakteri Escherichia coli penyebab waterborne disease pada air minum isi ulang yang menggunakan teknologi reserved osmosis.
Artikel Penelitian Perbandingan Air Perasan Daucus Carota L. Dengan Povidone Iodine Topikal Dalam Penyembuhan Luka Insisi Mencit
Authors: Nurmalasari Yesi , Nofita Nofita , Warganegara Efrida , Sijabat Aprilia Indah
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: Luka adalah rusak atau hilangnya jaringan tubuh yang terjadi karena adanya suatu faktor yang mengganggu sistem perlindungan tubuh. Faktor tersebut seperti trauma, perubahan suhu, zat kimia, ledakan, sengatan listrik, atau gigitan hewan. Pengobatan luka sebagai penanganan pertama agar tidak terjadi infeksi antara lain menggunakan antiseptik seperti povidone iodine. salah satu agen yang dapat menyembuhkan luka dan mudah dicari oleh masyarakat karena ketersediannya yang demikian banyak seperti umbi wortel. Umbi wortel (Daucus carota L.) berkhasiat sebagai antiseptik, memperkuat fungsi hati, melancarkan kencing, membuang zat tak berguna melalui ginjal, laksatif, dan melindungi tubuh dari bahan kimia beracun. Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk membandingkan efek air perasan umbi wortel dengan povidone iodine 10% secara topikal dalam penyembuhan luka sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu obat alternatif untuk mempercepat penyembuhan luka. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian yang akan dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorik dengan metode post test only group design. Pengambilan sampel dihitung menggunakan rumus Federer. Analisis data bivariat dengan Shapiro-Wilk. Hasil Penelitian: Dari total sampel penelitian berjumlah 24 mencit. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Shapiro-Wilk menunjukkan p=0,001. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara masing-masing kelompok perlakuan.
Pengaruh Radiasi Gelombang Elektromagnetik Telepon Genggam Terhadap Perkembangan Sperma
Authors: Sudirman Asep Wahyudi
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: Peningkatan penggunaan telepon genggam membuat para pengguna harus lebih mencermati efek samping penggunaan telepon genggam terhadap kesehatan manusia. kaum pria yang membawa telepon genggam di saku celana dapat menurunkan 70% produktivitas sperma dan lebih parah lagi sperma yang dihasilkan tidak akan dapat membuahi sama sekali alias mandul karena telah rusak akibat radiasi gelombang elektromagnetik yang dipancarkan oleh telepon genggam. Tujuan: mengetahui pengaruh radiasi gelombang elektromagnetik telepon genggam terhadap perkembangan sperma Metode: Menggunakan studi literatur dari jurnal baik nasional maupun internasional dengan cara meringkas topik pembahasan dan membandingkan hasil yang disajikan dalam setiap artikel. Hasil:Paparan gelombang elektromagnetik handphone dapat menyebabkan peningkatan produksi Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) seperti Malondialdehyde (MDA) dan penurunan aktivitas antioksidan seperti katalase, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) dan Gluthatione Peroxidase (GSH). Jumlah ROS yang melebihi antioksidan protektif dalam tubuh dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif, kerusakan sel, dan jaringan. Stres oksidatif dapat meningkatkan peroksidasi lipid asam lemak tak jenuh pada membran sel spermatozoa. Degenerasi tubulus seminiferus juga dapat terjadi akibat ROS akan meningkat dapat menyebabkan penurunan motilitas spermatozoa, disfungsi sel Leydig dan sel Sertoli. Kesimpulan: penggunaan telepon genggam terbukti memberikan efek negative pada sistem reproduksi pria.
Manfaat Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) sebagai Antiinflamasi dan Pereda Nyeri pada Osteoartritis (OA)
Authors: Widjaja Chanief Hassan
Published: December 2020

Osteoartritis (OA) adalah salah satu penyakit yang sering dijumpai di berbagai penjuru dunia. OA sering mengenai wanita atau pria terutama pada mereka yang sudah berusia lanjut. Tidak jarang penderita OA sering mengeluhkan rasa nyeri yang hebat akibat penyakit tersebut. OA adalah penyakit tulang degeneratif yang sering dihubungkan dengan adanya kerusakan kartilago sendi pada penderita. Walaupun OA pada awalnya disebut sebagai penyakit sendi non inflamasi, beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa OA dapat terjadi akibat adanya inflamasi kronis yang mendasari penyakit tersebut. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa sitokin inflamasi IL-1β dan TNF-α berperan penting pada pathogenesis OA. OA yang tidak ditangani akan berujung pada disabilitas penderitanya. Nigella sativa atau jintan hitam adalah salah satu tanaman herbal yang sering digunakan sebagai obat antiinflamasi untuk berbagai penyakit, salah satunya adalah osteoarthritis. Nigella sativa memproduksi senyawa thymoquinine yang dapat berperan sebagai senyawa antiinflamasi dan antiproliferative pada OA. Metode penelitian  yang digunakan untuk adalah studi literatur dari buku, jurnal nasional dan internasional yang diterbitkan pada rentang tahun 2010 hingga tahun 2020. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa Nigella sativa berperan sebagai antiinflamasi dan pereda nyeri pada pasien OA.
Whatsapp Sebagai Pendidikan Kesehatan Dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Mp-Asi
Authors: Ariestantia Dwi , Utami Purwaningtias Budi
Published: December 2020

Berbagai cara dalam menyampaikan informasi tentang MP ASI, diantaranya melalui penyampaian pendidikan kesehatan dengan penyuluhan. Penyuluhan dengan metode ceramah adalah cara yang paling sering dilakukan dan terbatas oleh waktu, namun media whatsapp adalah media komunikasi yang digunakan sehari-hari oleh banyak orang di hampir semua Negara. Pesan yang dikirimkanpun dapat berupa pesan tertulis, gambar maupun suara sehingga media ini sangat cocok untuk dijadikan sebagai media pendidikan kesehatan guna meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat pada umumnya dan khususnya pada ibu tentang MP ASI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan keefektifan penyuluhan tentang MP-ASI menggunakan metode ceramah dan whatsapp di UPTD Puskesmas Sempaja Samarinda. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Quasi eksperimen dengan rencana pretest-posttest control group design. Penelitian ini dilakukan tanggal 03 - 16 April 2020. Populasi Penelitian adalah ibu yang memiliki anak usia 6 bulan sampai dengan 2 tahun. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 66 responden yang terdiri dari 33 kelompok intervensi dan 33 kelompok kontrol. Hasil uji statistic menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian intervensi melalui whatsapp dengan nilai p-value 0,000. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan respnden setelah dilakukan penyuluhan, akan tetapi pada kelompok intervensi terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan yang lebih signifikan.
Komplikasi Muskuloskeletal pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus
Authors: Prakasa Dirga Yudha
Published: December 2020

Latar belakang. Selain komplikasi makrovaskular dan mikrovaskuler, pasien diabetes mungkin mengalami beberapa komplikasi muskuloskeletal. Dampak komplikasi muskuloskeletal terhadap kualitas hidup penderita diabetes sangat besar. Terdapat banyak data epidemiologi yang mengaitkan komplikasi ini dengan diabetes, tetapi patogenesis dan faktor penyebab belum dijelaskan lebih lanjut. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari studi literatur ini adalah untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut komplikasi muskuloskeletal pada pasien diabetes melitus. Metode. Studi ini merupakan literature review, dengan sumber pustaka yang digunakan sebanyak 22 pustaka, berasal dari 1 jurnal nasional dan 21 jurnal internasional. Hasil. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan  komplikasi muskuloskeletal yang sering dijumpai pada penderita diabetes melitus antara lain kapsulitis bahu, sindrom mobilitas sendi terbatas (LJM), kontraktur Dupuytren, carpal tunnel syndrome dan trigger finger. Kerusakan pembuluh dan saraf, glikosilasi protein, dan peningkatan kolagen di kulit dan jaringan ikat muskuloskeletal adalah beberapa faktor yang diduga berkontribusi dalam perkembangan gangguan muskuloskeletal pada penderita diabetes. Kesimpulan. Manifestasi muskuloskeletal dari diabetes sering ditemui, dan meskipun tidak mengancam nyawa, ia merupakan penyebab penting dari morbiditas, nyeri dan kecacatan.

 

Kata Kunci: diabetes melitus, komplikasi, muskuloskeletal
Penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan Demam Berdarah Dengue dalam Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Termoregulasi
Authors: Mahmud Ratna
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dengan manifestasi klinis demam sakit kepala, nyeri Sendi yang Hemoragik. Penderita demam berdarah dengue biasanya mengalami peningkatan suhu tubuh yang melebihi batas normal yang biasanya menyebabkan kejang. Metode: yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang diambil di ruangan dahlia rumah sakit Swasta di kota Makassar pada bulan juli 2019. Data diperoleh dari ibu pasien, perawat, tim kesehatan, catatan perkembangan, dan catatan kesehatan. Hasil: setelah dilakukan tindakan keperawatan suhu tubuh Kembali dalam batas normal. Kesimpulan: dari penanganan hipertermi yang dilakukan pada anak dengan demam berdarah dengue didapatkan hasil bahwa hipertermi pasien dapat teratasi. pengaruh pemberian manajemen cairan terhadap penurunan thermoregulasi di dikembangkan.
Characteristic Nest Angelwing Clam (Pholas orientalis Gmelin, 1791) in the Area of Kelang Beach
Authors: Khairul Khairul , Machrizal Rusdi , Dimenta Rivo Hasper
Published: December 2020

A clam angelwing is one kind of razor clam. His life Habitat is found in the Kelang Beach district of Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatera Province. The purpose of this research is to know the characteristics of tembarang shell nests. This research is an exploratory, discrete study. The findings Data are narrated and discussed based on the relevant literature review. Based on the findings in the field, the characteristics of the nest angelwing clam are listed as follows: Distance from the shoreline between 30-70 meters, The diameter of the nest length is 0.5-1.5 cm and the width is 0.3-1 cm, the holes are round and round oval, usually holes consist of 1-5 pieces. Hole depth 10-40 cm, on the surface of the hole there are shavings or piles of sand, and 1 hole filled 1 individual. Average water quality observation during research: water temperature (29-30 °C), Water brightness (25-40 cm), water pH (7,5-7,9), dissolved oxygen (5,6-5,9 ppm), and salinity (29-30 ppt).
KARATERISTIK FESES AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER YANG DIBERI KUNYIT
Authors: Wahyudi Ferdi , Datau Fahria , Dako Safriyanto
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunan kunyit dalam pakan ayam kampung super terhadap karateristik Feses yang dihasilkan. Sebanyak 120 ekor Ayam Kampung Super digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Periode perlakuan dilakukan pada hari ke-17 sampai hari ke-60. Kandang yang digunakan adalah personal cage, ukuran kandang 100 cm x 100 cm, sebanyak 20 unit dan masing masing cage. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Pemberian tepung kunyit pada pakan ayam kampung super tanpa kunyit (P0) menunjukan feses yang dihasilkan dominan bertekstur padat-cair, dengan warna feses putih kecoklatan dan bau yang sangat menyengat. Sedangkan  pemberian pakan dan tepung kuyit hingga 6%, tekstur feses dominan bertekstur padat, warna feses coklat sedikit putih, hitam, dengan bau yang tidak menyengat. Terjadi penurunan pH feses berkisar 6.60 ( tanpa kunyit) menjadi 5.61 (diberi kunyit). Bobot feses setiap perlakuan adalah sama.   Pemberian tepung kunyit hingga 6 % dalam bahan pakan mampu menurunkan pH feses, dan memperbaiki karateristik visual feses ayam Kampung Super
O "Canto do Sertão" na "Bachiana nº 4": uma perspectiva sociomusicológica
Authors: Oliveira Medeiros Ana Judite , Bastos Alves Maria Lúcia , Tavares Lopes Eduardo José
Published: December 2020

O artigo traz um estudo da peça Coral Canto do Sertão, da Bachiana Brasileira nº 4, de Heitor Villa-Lobos. Trata-se de uma análise intramusical (ritmos e melodias) e também extramusical, considerando os fatores externos, como características físicas do sertão nordestino, como essas são internalizadas e ressignificadas na música. O estudo desenvolveu-se a partir do exame da partitura a fim de explorá-la sob uma perspectiva crítica, indo além da própria música, sem, portanto, sair dela. Sob uma abordagem musicológica (KERMAN, 2010; LOPES, 2014), foram identificados trechos (tropos) e frases (tópicas) que conduziram o tema (AGAWU; RATTEN, 1980), sendo observados como se moviam na música a fim de conferir-lhe o título sugerido: Canto do Sertão. Considerando a episteme musicológica e o exame documental, levantamos a discussão sobre até que ponto a música, em sua linguagem, pode trazer ou estabelecer pontos de identificação com a realidade da região abordada, o sertão nordestino.
Sobre posesión y uso de la tierra entre la nobleza indígena de la Nueva España
Authors: De Rojas José Luis
Published: December 2020

The paper presents sources about the land ownership and land use among the indigenous nobles in Nueva España. The historical documents indicate that indigenous elites have been aware of economic activities related with Spanish elite status and wealth and engaged in such. The author tries to estimate how numerous those indigenous elites were and how rich they could have been.
RESEARCH OF MEDIAN FILTERING OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL SIGNALS
Authors: Vydmysh Andriy , Voznyak Oleksandr , Kupchuk Igor , Boyko Dmitry
Published: December 2020

This paper considers the principles of digital signal processing, the general provisions of digital filtering, existing methods of noise filtering in electrical signals, the median filters of one-dimensional signals are studied in detail.
To solve this problem, the classification of digital signal processing tools is presented. Since the most effective for filtering noise in electrical signals are digital filters, they are given the most attention. The main purpose of signal filtering is the need to extract the information contained in them. This information, which is usually present in the amplitude of the signal (absolute or relative), in frequency or spectral composition, in phase or in the relative time dependences of several signals. The classification of existing digital filters is carried out. For further development, a median filter was selected, which belongs to the class of heuristics and is one of the most effective in filtering signals from impulse noise and white noise. Highlighting the advantages and disadvantages, a review of existing software that implements the median filter. It is established that the urgent task is to increase the processing speed and reduce resource costs in the implementation of such filters, developed an algorithm for fast median filtering, conducted an experimental test of software-implemented median filters with different apertures at different levels of fluctuation noise. This program meets all the requirements of modern norms and standards, allows its practical use to solve real problems of signal processing.
In order to increase the speed of information processing, a median filtering algorithm based on difference matrices using the threshold saturation function has been developed. Developed software that implements the proposed algorithm. Schemes of the main program, reading of values of a signal from a file, filtering, sorting of data on amplitude, a choice of a window of elements, a choice of the registered values are presented. The conditions of data registration and ADC parameters to ensure efficient operation of filters are also defined
Cyclic Loading of Piles Using the P-Y Method
Authors: Bristow Matt
Published: December 2020

A new analytical method is presented to determine the effects of cyclic loading on laterally loaded piles. The method uses a new numerical procedure to quantify the effects of the cyclic loading at each soil depth and convert that to a set of cyclic p-y modifiers. The reduced foundation stiffness associated with the cyclic loading can be determined, including the residual static capacity and an estimate of the accumulated displacement. The new method introduces the concept of cyclic degradation damage, which is defined as sum of the cyclic degradation that is occurring at each soil depth. Cyclic degradation calculations are based on the shear stresses in the soil. Consequently, anything that causes the shear stresses to change (e.g. pile length, pile diameter, applied loading, etc.) will automatically be included in the calculation of cyclic p-y modifiers. The method has been validated by comparing the cyclic p-y curves produced using the new method with established cyclic p-y curves derived from fielding testing. The new method has also been used to investigate what happens to the cyclic p-y modifiers as one moves away from the reference conditions used to determine the established cyclic p-y curves in API RP2A (2000). The new method shows that every application (e.g. combination of cyclic loading, pile properties, and soil characteristics) has its own unique set of cyclic p-y curves, though most p-y curves fit within an upper and lower bound range. Examples are provided for large diameter monopiles.
Behaviour of Hollow Bar Micropiles Under Uplift and Lateral Loading
Authors: El Hadi Drbe Osama F.
Published: December 2020

In many applications, micropiles are subjected to uplift and lateral loads due to wind and or earthquakes. Hollow bar micropiles (HBMP) have become popular because of their fast installation and small equipment required for their construction, which allow installation in difficult access and remote areas. As part of HBMP installation, grout is applied under pressure, which results in improving the soil in their vicinity. Most of HBMP applications are limited to drilling bit/hollow bar diameter (dbit/dbar) ratio of 2.5 or less. This study evaluates the uplift and lateral performances of HBMP constructed with two different bit/hollow bar diameter ratios. Load tests were conducted on full-scale instrumented HBMPs constructed with dbit/dbar = 3, and dbit/dbar = 2.35. Four HMPs were subject to uplift loading and eight were tested under lateral loads. In addition, a laboratory test program was conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of grout reinforced using micro steel fibers for application in HBMP construction. The effect of reinforced grout on HBMP lateral performance was then evaluated numerically. The results showed that the performance of HBMP is sensitive to the construction technique and to the drill bit specifications. The grout/ground strength values proposed by FHWA (2005) for type B micropiles were found to underestimate the ultimate uplift capacity for hollow bar micropiles. As expected, the larger drilling bit resulted in enhanced lateral performance and increased the capacity due to the larger diameter. In addition, using fiber-reinforced grout can increase the micropile lateral capacity and enhance its ductility. Finally, fixing the micropile head into the pile cap can increase its lateral capacity significantly.
AGREEEMENT BETWEEN MEASUREMENT OF JUMP HEIGHT IN DIFFERENT VERTICAL JUMP TESTS EXECUTED BY YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Gadev Marin , Peev Petar , Hristov Oleg
Published: December 2020

Football is an intermittent sport with a great number of short and explosive actions. These characteristics of the game require a good level of anaerobic power. The main field tests used as indicators of the development of the anaerobic energy system were the jumps in the vertical plane. The same tests also measured the strength of the lower limbs. We presume that the explosive power of the lower limbs characterizes the development of the alactic anaerobic energy system and strength capacity at the same time. In that case the explosive power of the lower limbs was an important component of the conditioning and strength training of football players. There was a great variety of methods and devices which registered vertical jump height. From this point of view, we wanted to add our study to the research work in the specialized literature. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of the jump height measured via two devices. We used the following methods of research: accelerometry, chronometry and statistical analysis. We studied the vertical jump height of 32 football players of the Youth Academy of PFC “Levski”– Sofia at the age of 13,4. In the research the participants performed three jump tests (squat jump [SJ], counter movement jump [CMJ] and counter movement jump with arm swing [CMJA]) as the jump height was measured via accelerometer and Infrared platform. The results from these two devices were compared via Bland Altman plot and calculation of Intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC]. The results of ICC between the two devices showed very strong correlation of the results for the three tests (SJ (R= .91), CMJ (R= .92) and CMJA (R= .87)). The results of the ANOVA showed statistical difference between the measured jump heights (p< .05 for all test, systematic bias was equal to: SJ=15.6; CMJ=15.2; CMJA= 19.5 and effect size (η2 ) was large SJ= .65; CMJ= .69; CMJA= .65) for the three different types of jump. Conclusions:1) Both of the devices showed good consistency of the collected results; 2) The data collected from the two devices showed significant difference of the jump heights.