bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical examination of concentration-dependent wastewater sludge ejected into a drinking water source
Authors: Adesanya S. O. , Adeosun T. A. , Yusuf T. A. , Adeyemi A. A. , Bamigboye J. S. , Ogunlaja A. , Lebelo R. S. , Unuabonah E. I.
Published: September 2023

One of the significant water-related health challenges globally is due to pollutant fate. Contaminants endanger the lives of humans, animals, and even plants. The present mathematical analysis explains reactive wastewater sludge ejected into a drinking water source from wastewater treatment plants. The assumption that wastewater sludge follows a power-law constitutive relation leads to nonlinear momentum and concentration equations. The contaminants are assumed to follow a nonlinear irreversible first-order sorption model. The numerical solution of the coupled problem is solved using the Bivariate Spectral Local Linearization Method and validated with the spectral Chebyshev weighted residual method. Profiles are presented for dimensionless flow velocity and concentration. Comprehensive explanations for the obtained results are provided with relevant applications.
CRP, but not fibrinogen, is associated with gait speed as early as middle age, in females but not males
Authors: Ahmed-Yousef Noha Shekh , Dilian Omer , Iktilat Khalil , Agmon Maayan
Published: September 2023

Low grade systemic inflammation and age-related gait speed decline are known to be related in older adults, but their relations in the early stages of the aging process are yet to be fully described. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between gait speed and two inflammation markers—c-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen—in a cohort of middle-aged adults in Israel. 326 healthy, middle-aged, Muslim-Arabs from three villages in northern Israel participated in this cross-sectional study. Serum CRP and fibrinogen were measured via blood tests, and gait speed was assessed with the 6-min walk test (6MWT). After adjusting for sex, age, height, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and triglycerides, executive function, smoking status and aerobic physical activity, gait speed was negatively and significantly associated with CRP (b = − 0.01, p = 0.029). When stratifying by gender, this link remained significant only among females (b = − 0.012, p = 0.041), such as that an increase of one SD unit of CRP was associated with a 0.047 m/s decrease in gait speed. No significant link was found between fibrinogen levels and gait speed. Blood CRP levels are associated with a slower walking speed already in middle age, independent of age, executive function and cardio-metabolic factors, among female Arab-Muslims in Israel. Future studies should examine this relationship longitudinally and investigate a broader array of inflammation markers. Systemic inflammation may serve as an early marker for people at risk of decreased walking or accelerated aging; Early identification and intervention among at-risk individuals may help prevent or slow gait speed decline, and promote healthier aging.
A prospective cohort study on post COVID syndrome from a tertiary care centre in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasekera M. M. P. T. , De Silva N. L. , Edirisinghe E. M. D. T. , Samarawickrama T. , Sirimanna S. W. D. R. C. , Govindapala B. G. D. S. , Senanayake G. , Wickramaratne D. L. N. , Hettigoda K. , Gunawaradana U. D. I. B. , Wijayananda K. D. P. B. , Wijesinghe R. A. N. K.
Published: September 2023

There is a scarcity of follow-up data on post-COVID syndrome and its physical, psychological, and quality of life attributes, particularly from South Asian populations. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, associations, and impact of the post-COVID syndrome among patients treated at a dedicated COVID-19 treatment unit. A prospective cohort study was conducted to follow-up patients with moderate to severe disease or mild disease with co-morbidities at 2 and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months and 1 year from discharge. Clinical notes, an interviewer-administered questionnaire and six-item cognitive impairment, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Fatigue (11-item Chalder) and EQ5D5L questionnaires were used for data collection. All patients had follow-up echocardiograms and symptomatic patients had biochemical and haematological investigations, chest x-rays, high-resolution computed tomography of chest and lung function tests. Among 153 patients {mean age 57.2 ± 16.3 years (83 (54.2% males)}, 92 (60.1%) got the severe disease. At least a single post-COVID symptom was reported by 119 (77.3%), 92 (60.1%), 54 (35.3%) and 25 (16.3%) at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year respectively. Post-COVID symptoms were significantly associated with disease severity (p = 0.004). Fatigue was found in 139 (90.3%), 97 (63.4%) and 66 (43.1%) patients at 2, 6 and 12 weeks respectively. Dyspnoea {OR 1.136 (CI 95% 0.525–2.455)}, arthralgia {OR 1.83(CI 95% 0.96–3.503)} and unsteadiness {OR 1.34 (CI 95% 0.607–2.957)}were strongly associated with age above 60 years. Both genders were equally affected. In multivariable logistic regression, fatigue and anxiety/depression were associated with poor quality of life (QoL) (p = 0.014, p ≤ 0.001) in 6 weeks. In cardiac assessments, diastolic dysfunction (DD) was detected in 110 (72%) patients at 2 weeks and this number reduced to 64 (41.8%) at 12 weeks. The decline in diastolic dysfunction in elderly patients was significantly higher compared to young patients (p = 0.012). Most post-COVID symptoms, QoL and cognition improve during the first few months. The severity of the disease and older age are associated with post-COVID symptoms. Transient DD may contribute to cardiac symptoms of post-COVID syndrome, especially in elderly patients.
Using pupae as appetitive reinforcement to study visual and tactile associative learning in the Ponerine ant Diacamma indicum
Authors: Chandak Parth , Chakraborti Udipta , Annagiri Sumana
Published: September 2023

Associative learning is of great importance to animals, as it enhances their ability to navigate, forage, evade predation and improve fitness. Even though associative learning abilities of Hymenopterans have been explored, many of these studies offered food as appetitive reinforcement. In the current study, we focus on tactile and visual cue learning in an ant Diacamma indicum using a Y-maze setup with pupa as a positive reinforcement. Using pupa as a reward resulted in a significantly higher proportion of ants completing the training in a shorter time as compared to using food as reinforcement. Ants spent significantly more time in the conditioned arm for both visual cues (white dots or black dots) and tactile cues (rough or smooth surfaces) presented on the floor when associated with pupa, thus showing that they were capable of associative learning. On encountering a conflict between visual and tactile cues during the test, ants chose to spend significantly more time on the arm with the tactile cues indicating that they had made a stronger association between pupa and the tactile cue as compared to the visual cue during training. Using pupa as an ecologically relevant reward, we show that these solitary foraging ants living in small colonies are capable of visual and tactile associative learning and are likely to learn tactile cues over visual cues in association with pupa.
Numerical simulations of heat generation, thermal radiation and thermal transport in water-based nanoparticles: OHAM study
Authors: Waseem Farwa , Sohail Muhammad , Lone Showkat Ahmad , Chambashi Gilbert
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the 3D flow properties and heat transfer of copper, titanium/ water nanofluids across a bidirectional surface under the impact of MHD. The thermophysical features of nanofluid are employed using the Tiwari and Das model. Boundary layer theory has simplified the resulting physical principles. By using the proper transformations, the complicated sets of connected PDEs have evolved into ODEs. Equations that have been modify by using OHAM. For various dimensionless component ranges between $$2\le M\le 10$$

2
≤
M
≤
10

.$$0\le a\le 3$$

0
≤
a
≤
3

, $$0.05\le \varphi \le 0.08$$

0.05
≤
φ
≤
0.08

, $$3\le \mathrm{Pr}\le 8$$

3
≤
Pr
≤
8

, $$0\le Rd\le 6$$

0
≤
R
d
≤
6

, and $$2\le \lambda \le 4$$

2
≤
λ
≤
4

the results are investigated computationally and graphically. It is observed that fluid parameters improve; they react differently from temperature and velocity profile. Additionally, thermal profiles decrease in comparison to greater Eckert and Prandtl numbers.
Motor imagery classification using sparse representations: an exploratory study
Authors: de Menezes José Antonio Alves , Gomes Juliana Carneiro , de Carvalho Hazin Vitor , Dantas Júlio César Sousa , Rodrigues Marcelo Cairrão Araújo , dos Santos Wellington Pinheiro
Published: September 2023

The non-stationary nature of the EEG signal poses challenges for the classification of motor imagery. sparse representation classification (SRC) appears as an alternative for classification of untrained conditions and, therefore, useful in motor imagery. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) deals with signals of this nature and appears at the rear of the classification, supporting the generation of features. In this work we evaluate the combination of these methods in a multiclass classification problem, comparing them with a conventional method in order to determine if their performance is regular. For comparison with SRC we use multilayer perceptron (MLP). We also evaluated a hybrid approach for classification of sparse representations with MLP (RSMLP). For comparison with EMD we used filtering by frequency bands. Feature selection methods were used to select the most significant ones, specifically Random Forest and Particle Swarm Optimization. Finally, we used data augmentation to get a more voluminous base. Regarding the first dataset, we observed that the classifiers that use sparse representation have results equivalent to each other, but they outperform the conventional MLP model. SRC and SRMLP achieve an average accuracy of$$75.95\%$$75.95%and$$82.51\%$$82.51%respectively while the MLP is$$72.38\%$$72.38%, representing a gain between$$4.93\%$$4.93%and$$14\%$$14%. The use of EMD in relation to other feature processing techniques is not superior. However, EMD does not influence negatively, there is an opportunity for improvement. Finally, the use of data augmentation proved to be important to obtain relevant results. In the second dataset, we did not observe the same results. Models based on sparse representation (SRC, SRMLP, etc.) have on average a performance close to other conventional models, but without surpassing them. The best sparse models achieve an average accuracy of$$95.43\%$$95.43%among the subjects in the base, while other model reach$$98.33\%$$98.33%. The improvement of self-adaptive mechanisms that respond efficiently to the user’s context is a good way to achieve improvements in motor imagery applications. However, other scenarios should be investigated, since the advantage of these methods was not proven in all datasets studied. There is still room for improvement, such as optimizing the dictionary of sparse representation in the context of motor imagery. Investing efforts in synthetically increasing the training base has also proved important to reduce the costs of this group of applications.
Analysis of the static and dynamic characteristics of the electro-hydraulic pressure servo valve of robot
Authors: Zhang Jianrui , Pan Xiaonan , Guo Jinchang , Bian Jianxiao , Kang Jian
Published: September 2023

In this study, we comprehensively investigate the structure and operational principles of the Rotary Direct Drive Electro-Hydraulic Pressure Servo Valve (RDDPV). Our objective is to establish the dynamics equations governing the motor, slide valve, and bias mechanism of the valve. Additionally, we construct a mathematical model for the servo valve controller, while ensuring the linearization of the controller model. Furthermore, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the static characteristics of the valve, including linearity, dead zone, hysteresis loop, and zero drift. Regarding the dynamic characteristics, we establish a dynamic mathematical model for the RDDPV valve. Subsequently, we subject the servo valve to analysis with a focus on frequency response and dynamic response, using the control current as the input and the pressure as the output. To perform these analyses, we employ the software package SIMULINK of MATLAB, facilitating dynamic simulations. Remarkably, the simulation results exhibit the valve's conformity to design requirements, underscoring its suitability for subsequent research and development endeavors. Through our rigorous investigation, we offer essential technical support for the forthcoming stages of the valve's research and development, thereby laying a robust foundation for its further advancement.
Optimization pilot scale study on ammonia nitrogen removal by bio filter
Authors: Meng Junlong , Shen Songtao , Zhou Chuanhui , Zhang Tuodi , Xu Yingyi
Published: September 2023

In order to obtain the optimal conditions for ammonia nitrogen (AN) wastewater treatment by bio filter (BF), the effects of ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N), pH, and hydraulic load (HL) on the AN degradation were studied by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Central Composite Design (CCD) experiments were conducted, and the response of the AN removal rates were fitted to a second-order polynomial model. The analysis of variance showed that the model was accurate and reliable. Through model fitting, the optimal condition for AN removal was: C/N of 18.95, pH of 7.78, and HL of 1.04 d−1. The maximum AN removal rate predicted by the model was 91.90%, accorded with the experimental verification value of 91.37% under the optimal condition. The research provided valuable demonstration for optimizing process parameters on AN removal in BF.
Preoperative identification of low-risk medullary thyroid carcinoma: potential application to reduce total thyroidectomy
Authors: Park Hyunju , Ryu Hyun Jin , Heo Jung , Chung Man Ki , Son Young Ik , Kim Jung-Han , Hahn Soo Yeon , Shin Jung Hee , Oh Young Lyun , Kim Sun Wook , Chung Jae Hoon , Kim Jee Soo , Kim Tae Hyuk
Published: September 2023

Current guidelines recommend total thyroidectomy with central lymph node dissection (CND) for patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). This study aimed to identify low-risk MTC patients who may be candidates for lobectomy. We retrospectively reviewed MTC patients who underwent primary surgery at a tertiary referral center from 1998 to 2019. Eighty-five MTC patients were enrolled, excluding patients with primary tumor size > 2.0 cm. Among them, one (1.2%) patient had bilateral tumors. During a median follow-up of 84 months, 12 of the 85 patients experienced structural recurrence. 13 patients had occult lymph node metastasis, and structural recurrence occurred in 2 patients. Factors that significantly affected disease-free survival were clinical N stage (cN0 vs. cN1, log-rank P < 0.001), pathological N stage (pN0 vs. pN1, P < 0.001), and preoperative calcitonin levels (≤ 250 vs. > 250 pg/mL, P = 0.017). After categorizing patients into four groups, patients with preoperative calcitonin levels > 250 pg/mL and cN1 or pN1 had a significantly worse prognosis. Patients with a primary tumor size of 2 cm or less, cN0, and preoperative calcitonin of 250 pg/mL or less can be classified as low-risk MTC patients. We used preoperative clinical information to identify low-risk MTC patients. Lobectomy with prophylactic CND may be a potential therapeutic approach.
Optimizing effector functions of monoclonal antibodies via tailored N-glycan engineering using a dual landing pad CHO targeted integration platform
Authors: Nguyen Ngan T. B. , Leung Hau Wan , Pang Kuin Tian , Tay Shi Jie , Walsh Ian , Choo Andre B. H. , Yang Yuansheng
Published: September 2023

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) eliminate cancer cells via various effector mechanisms including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which are influenced by the N-glycan structures on the Fc region of mAbs. Manipulating these glycan structures on mAbs allows for optimization of therapeutic benefits associated with effector functions. Traditional approaches such as gene deletion or overexpression often lead to only all-or-nothing changes in gene expression and fail to modulate the expression of multiple genes at defined ratios and levels. In this work, we have developed a CHO cell engineering platform enabling modulation of multiple gene expression to tailor the N-glycan profiles of mAbs for enhanced effector functions. Our platform involves a CHO targeted integration platform with two independent landing pads, allowing expression of multiple genes at two pre-determined genomic sites. By combining with internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-based polycistronic vectors, we simultaneously modulated the expression of α-mannosidase II (MANII) and chimeric β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase III (cGNTIII) genes in CHO cells. This strategy enabled the production of mAbs carrying N-glycans with various levels of bisecting and non-fucosylated structures. Importantly, these engineered mAbs exhibited different degrees of effector cell activation and CDC, facilitating the identification of mAbs with optimal effector functions. This platform was demonstrated as a powerful tool for producing antibody therapeutics with tailored effector functions via precise engineering of N-glycan profiles. It holds promise for advancing the field of metabolic engineering in mammalian cells.
Inferring China’s excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic using online mourning and funeral search volume
Authors: Huang Li , Li Oliver Zhen , Yin Ximing
Published: September 2023

We construct a mourning and funeral index, using online search volume for “wreath and elegiac couplet”, “obituary”, “mortuary house”, “cinerary casket”, “cremation” and “pass away”, to infer excess cases of mortality in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the 3-month period (December 2022–February 2023) after China ended its Zero-COVID policy, there were around 712 thousand excess cases of mortality. These excess cases of mortality, bench marked against the 2-year period preceding the pandemic, could be directly or indirectly related to COVID-19. During the 35-month Zero-COVID regime (January 2020–November 2022), the excess death toll was a negative 1480 thousand. Overall, by delaying the surge in infections, China might have saved 767 thousand lives. While these estimates are based on various assumptions and can be imprecise, China’s COVID-19 experience could reasonably be characterized by a sharp surge in deaths after its departure from Zero-COVID and a steady pattern of lives saved during the Zero-COVID regime.
Sequential genomic analysis using a multisample/multiplatform approach to better define rhabdomyosarcoma progression and relapse
Authors: de Traux de Wardin Henry , Dermawan Josephine K. , Merlin Marie-Sophie , Wexler Leonard H. , Orbach Daniel , Vanoli Fabio , Schleiermacher Gudrun , Geoerger Birgit , Ballet Stelly , Guillemot Delphine , Frouin Eléonore , Cyrille Stacy , Delattre Olivier , Pierron Gaelle , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: September 2023

The genomic spectrum of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) progression from primary to relapse is not fully understood. In this pilot study, we explore the sensitivity of various targeted and whole-genome NGS platforms in order to assess the best genomic approach of using liquid biopsy in future prospective clinical trials. Moreover, we investigate 35 paired primary/relapsed RMS from two contributing institutions, 18 fusion-positive (FP-RMS) and 17 fusion-negative RMS (FN-RMS) by either targeted DNA or whole exome sequencing (WES). In 10 cases, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from multiple timepoints through clinical care and progression was analyzed for feasibility of liquid biopsy in monitoring treatment response/relapse. ctDNA alterations were evaluated using a targeted 36-gene custom RMS panel at high coverage for single-nucleotide variation and fusion detection, and a shallow whole-genome sequencing for copy number variation. FP-RMS have a stable genome with relapse, with common secondary alterations CDKN2A/B, MYCN, and CDK4 present at diagnosis and impacting survival. FP-RMS lacking major secondary events at baseline acquire recurrent MYCN and AKT1 alterations. FN-RMS acquire a higher number of new alterations, most commonly SMARCA2 missense mutations. ctDNA analyses detect pathognomonic variants in all RMS patients within our collection at diagnosis, regardless of type of alterations, and confirmed at relapse in 86% of FP-RMS and 100% FN-RMS. Moreover, a higher number of fusion reads is detected with increased disease burden and at relapse in patients following a fatal outcome. These results underscore patterns of tumor progression and provide rationale for using liquid biopsy to monitor treatment response.
Epidemic dynamics with non-Markovian travel in multilayer networks
Authors: Chen Yushu , Liu Ying , Tang Ming , Lai Ying-Cheng
Published: September 2023

In our modern time, travel has become one of the most significant factors contributing to global epidemic spreading. A deficiency in the literature is that travel has largely been treated as a Markovian process: it occurs instantaneously without any memory effect. To provide informed policies such as determining the mandatory quarantine time, the non-Markovian nature of real-world traveling must be taken into account. We address this fundamental problem by constructing a network model in which travel takes a finite time and infections can occur during the travel. We find that the epidemic threshold can be maximized by a proper level of travel, implying that travel infections do not necessarily promote spreading. More importantly, the epidemic threshold can exhibit a two-threshold phenomenon in that it can increase abruptly and significantly as the travel time exceeds a critical value. This may provide a quantitative estimation of the minimally required quarantine time in a pandemic.
Nonlocal bonding of a soliton and a blue-detuned state in a microcomb laser
Authors: Cutrona Antonio , Cecconi Vittorio , Hanzard Pierre H. , Rowley Maxwell , Das Debayan , Cooper Andrew , Peters Luke , Olivieri Luana , Wetzel Benjamin , Morandotti Roberto , Chu Sai T. , Little Brent E. , Moss David J. , Totero Gongora Juan S. , Peccianti Marco , Pasquazi Alessia
Published: September 2023

Laser cavity-solitons can appear in a microresonator-filtered laser when judiciously balancing the slow nonlinearities of the system. Under certain conditions, such optical states can be made to self-emerge and recover spontaneously, and the understanding of their robustness is critical for practical applications. Here, we study the formation of a bonded state comprising a soliton and a blue-detuned continuous wave, whose coexistence is mediated by dispersion in the nonlinear refractive index. Our real-time dispersive Fourier transform measurements, supported by comprehensive theoretical analysis, reveal the presence of an elastic bonding between the two states, resulting in an enhancement of the soliton’s robustness.
From attribution maps to human-understandable explanations through Concept Relevance Propagation
Authors: Achtibat Reduan , Dreyer Maximilian , Eisenbraun Ilona , Bosse Sebastian , Wiegand Thomas , Samek Wojciech , Lapuschkin Sebastian
Published: September 2023

The field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to bring transparency to today’s powerful but opaque deep learning models. While local XAI methods explain individual predictions in the form of attribution maps, thereby identifying ‘where’ important features occur (but not providing information about ‘what’ they represent), global explanation techniques visualize what concepts a model has generally learned to encode. Both types of method thus provide only partial insights and leave the burden of interpreting the model’s reasoning to the user. Here we introduce the Concept Relevance Propagation (CRP) approach, which combines the local and global perspectives and thus allows answering both the ‘where’ and ‘what’ questions for individual predictions. We demonstrate the capability of our method in various settings, showcasing that CRP leads to more human interpretable explanations and provides deep insights into the model’s representation and reasoning through concept atlases, concept-composition analyses, and quantitative investigations of concept subspaces and their role in fine-grained decision-making.
Epidermal growth factor receptor targeted doxorubicin and vitexin loaded niosomes for enhanced breast cancer therapy
Authors: Malathi S. , Sisila Valappil , Singaravel V. , Venkatesan Nandakumar , Pakrudheen Iqbal , Dhanaraj R. , Ayyadurai Niraikulam , Bhuvarahamurthy V. , Kalkura S. Narayana
Published: September 2023

NIODVC (cetuximab-conjugated doxorubicin and vitexin loaded niosome) proves effective for targeted breast cancer therapy. Enhanced cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and gene downregulation show promise.
Tackling current production of HAp and HAp-driven biomaterials
Authors: Veiga Anabela , Madureira Sara , Costa João B. , Castro Filipa , Rocha Fernando , Oliveira Ana L.
Published: September 2023

This review highlights the reproducibility challenges related with HAp-based biomaterials production processes for 3D printing, with a focus on continuous production as an alternative to bridge the gap between research and industrial/clinical use.
NIR-light-triggered delivery of doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for synergistic cancer therapy on DMBA/TPA induced tumor-bearing mice
Authors: Khan Tunazzina Zaman , Newaj Shekh Md , Rahman Ashikur , Tabassum Rahnuma , Tasnim Khandaker Nujhat , Reza Hasan Mahmud , Reza Md. Selim , Hong Seonki , Sharker Shazid Md.
Published: September 2023

In this study, we developed NIR-light responsive poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) by incorporating the ICG dye for the local delivery of small-molecule drugs and therapeutics.
ValCitGlyPro-dexamethasone antibody conjugates selectively suppress the activation of human monocytes
Authors: Howe Justin M. , Fang Siteng , Watts Kelsey A. , Xu Fanny , Benjamin Samantha R. , Tumey L. Nathan
Published: September 2023

A series of immune-suppressing antibody-drug-conjugates were prepared using a novel tetrapeptide self-immolative linker, ValCitGlyPro, that is rapidly cleaved by lysosomal proteases to release dexamethasone.
Anion-induced electronic localization and polarized cobalt clusters for highly efficient water splitting
Authors: Wu Yucheng , Yu Yanli , Shen Wei , Jiang Yimin , He Rongxing , Li Ming
Published: September 2023

An anion-regulated Co cluster confined in carbon nanotubes was constructed. Anion induced electronic localization and polarized Co clusters resulted in an ultra-low overpotential of 178 mV for the OER.
Novel preparation of metal-free carbon xerogels under acidic conditions and their performance as high-energy density supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Abbas Karim Ahmed , Abdelwahab Abdalla , Abdel-Samad Hesham S. , Abd-El Rehim Sayed Sabet , Hassan Hamdy H.
Published: September 2023

The development of metal-free supercapacitor electrodes with a high energy density is a crucial requirement in the global shift towards sustainable energy sources and industrial pursuit of an optimal supercapacitor.
A tumor microenvironment-responsive microneedle patch for chemodynamic therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Siyu , Li Yue , Cheng Bo
Published: September 2023

A PVA-based soluble microneedle patch (Fe3O4 + VC-MNs) is constructed to consume excessive GSH in the tumor microenvironment and supply H2O2 for Fe3O4-induced Fenton reaction, thus promoting the production of lethal ˙OH for OSCC treatment.
Ionic liquids in the scope of lithium-ion batteries: from current separator membranes to next generation sustainable solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Barbosa J. C. , Correia D. M. , Gonçalves R. , de Zea Bermudez V. , Lanceros-Mendez S. , Costa C. M.
Published: September 2023

We present a review on the current state-of-the-art of ionic liquids for the development of electrolytes, both conventional and solid-state. This review article provides a thorough summary of the developments achieved in this field.
Surface modification of aramid fiber meshes – the key to chemically recyclable epoxy composites
Authors: Garfias Karla , Odnevall Inger , Odelius Karin , Hakkarainen Minna
Published: September 2023

Fiber surface functionalization can play a dual role in the development of fiber reinforced polymer composites; improving the overall performance and enabling recovery of high-quality fibers.
A novel method for simultaneous triggering and in situ sensing of internal short circuit in lithium-ion cells
Authors: Long Mary K. , Liu Siyi , Zhang Guangsheng
Published: September 2023

A new method is reported for triggering on demand internal short circuit (ISC) in Li-ion cells while measuring ISC current, resistance, temperature and heat generation rate. The method has minimal effects on cell performance and good repeatability.
Time-dependent photoionization spectroscopy of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3783
Authors: Gu Liyi , Kaastra Jelle , Rogantini Daniele , Mehdipour Missagh , Juráňová Anna , Costantini Elisa , Li Chen
Published: September 2023

We present an investigation into the spectroscopic properties of non-equilibrium photoionization processes operating in a time-evolving mode. Through a quantitative comparison between equilibrium and time-evolving models, we find that the time-evolving model exhibits a broader distribution of charge states, accompanied by a slight shift in the peak ionization state depending on the source variability and gas density. The time-evolving code tpho in SPEX was successfully employed to analyze the spectral properties of warm absorbers in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 3783. The incorporation of variability in the tpho model improves the fits of the time-integrated spectra, providing more accurate descriptions of the average charge states of several elements, in particular Fe, which is peaked around Fe XIX. The inferred densities and distances of the relevant X-ray absorber components are estimated to be approximately a few times 1011 m−3 and ≤1 pc, respectively. Furthermore, the updated fit suggests a potential scenario in which the observed absorbers are being expelled from the central active galactic nucleus at the escape velocities. This implies that these absorbers might not play a significant role in the active galactic nucleus feedback mechanism.
A theoretical mapping of green roofs on building for sustainable constructions
Authors: Dule Milania M. , Kaming Peter
Published: September 2023

In 2019, the results of the national GHG inventory calculation showed a GHG emission level of 1,866,552 Gg CO2e in each industrial sector. This poses a significant challenge in the era of globalization. If construction continues with high carbon usage, climate change conditions in the coming years will likely lead to global warming of more than 1.5°C. One of the proposed agendas in the Indonesia Construction 2030 document is the promotion of sustainable development through the application of environmentally friendly building concepts. This paper aims to map the studies conducted on Green Roofs within the past 10 years and study their application in Sustainable Construction in Indonesia. The mixed method approach was used in this research. A total of 864 articles were gathered from the Scopus database, and a bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer® application. The results indicate that the number of publications between 2012 and 2023, indexed by Scopus, was highest in 2020, with 110 publications. China emerged as the largest contributor in terms of publications. The most productive authors were Cabeza L. F. and Shushunova N., who produced 12 articles. The development of publications based on co-words resulted in three clusters. The application of green roofs in Sustainable Construction in Indonesia has already commenced, with notable examples such as the PT Dahana Campus and the University of Indonesia Library. These projects have demonstrated numerous benefits.
A review on safety knowledge and skills for reducing human error and accidents in construction
Authors: Sidiq Misbahul Fajar , Rohman Mohammad Arif
Published: September 2023

Human error remains a significant contributor to construction accidents, highlighting the importance of human factors in construction safety management. Possessing appropriate knowledge and skills is critical for workers in this regard. Safety knowledge enables workers to identify hazard, prevent, reduce, and eliminate potential accidents. On the other hand, safety skills are necessary for worker to carry out their task and responsibilities safely. The absence of either knowledge or skills can result in human error and construction accidents. This literature review aims to identify the various types of safety knowledge and skills that can help reduce construction human error and accidents. Through the analysis of several articles, the review found that safety regulation and accident record are essential safety knowledge, while hazard identification, communication, and leadership are crucial safety skills that can reduce construction human error and accidents.
Comparison of change order risk identification road construction projects
Authors: Sulistio Hendrik , Waty Mega
Published: September 2023

Almost all existing projects always have change orders, both government projects and private projects. During the implementation of a construction project, changes can occur either from the contractor or from the owner. The object of research regarding change order risk identification was carried out in West Java Province and risk identification in the provinces of DKI Jakarta and Banten. Collecting data on real data on road construction projects from 2013-2018. Data analysis was carried out by looking at the similarities and differences between the two change order risk identification. The number of change order identification for DKI Jakarta and Banten Provinces was 732 construction changes, while for West Java change order risk identification there were 322 construction changes. The number of construction works that experienced risk identification in the Provinces of DKI Jakarta and Banten was 31 construction works, while there were 21 construction works in the province of West Java. Identification of the average risk of changing jobs in DKI Jakarta and Banten was 45.75 changes in work, while the province of West Java experienced a change of 32.2 changes in construction work. Comparison of DKI Jakarta's risk identification is 53% greater than West Java's risk identification.
Artificial viscosity technique for direct runoff calculation
Authors: Ginting Bobby Minola
Published: September 2023

In this study, an Artificial Viscosity (AV) technique was developed for direct runoff calculation, instead of using the conventional Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) methods. We solved the Shallow Water Equations (SWE) with second-order accurate Godunov finite volume model and fourth-order Runge-Kutta explicit scheme. The AV technique was devised with a Laplacian and a biharmonic operator, and employed to solve the convective terms of the SWE. This technique was applied to rainfall-runoff laboratory cases with the measured rainfall and observed direct runoff values. For comparison purpose, several SUH methods commonly used such as SCS, Snyder, GAMA-1, ITB-1, ITB-2, and Nakayasu, were also used to compute the direct runoff values. The results showed that the AV technique could predict three parameters (i.e., peak discharge, time-to-peak, and shape of the direct runoff hydrograph) accurately. Meanwhile, significant discrepancies were shown by the SUH methods in estimating such parameters, thus indicating that the SWE modeling with an AV technique is significantly more accurate than the SUH methods in predicting the direct runoff hydrograph. This study shows an interesting example of how modern numerical computations can improve the runoff prediction and may be included as a standard technique for runoff computation in the future.
Model development of road performance indicator-related travel time using international roughness index: A case study national road network of Sulawesi
Authors: Aden Thomas Setiabudi , Widyastuti Hera , Kartika Anak Agung Gde
Published: September 2023

The International Roughness Index (IRI) is widespread in measuring road performance. However, travel time is a more critical benchmark in measuring road performance and the transportation system's performance. Therefore, new studies and models are needed to determine the relationship between IRI and travel time to obtain a segment performance function model influenced by road conditions. The study begins with a traffic condition survey to obtain vehicle travel time data on various road conditions. Assessment of road conditions uses the value of road surface flatness obtained from the results of Hawkeye measurements by carrying out actual travel throughout the national road network of Sulawesi Island. The study results show that the IRI value greatly influences the achievement of travel time as a road performance indicator in Indonesia. The equation of the relationship function of the vehicle travel time in free flow with the value of the flatness of the road surface is y=−6,062x2 +1,068x−1,0873 with R2 0,9314. At the same time, the equation of travel time as a function of road performance is ta = α1 (v/c)β + α1 (v/c) - 6,062x2 + 1,068x - 1,0873.
Analysis of liquefaction potential in Opak Fault nearby area (case study: Solo-Yogyakarta-NYIA Kulon Progo Toll Road construction section I.2)
Authors: Wicaksono Aryo , Hardiyatmo Hary Christady , Satyarno Iman
Published: September 2023

Construction of the Solo – Yogyakarta – NYIA Kulon Progo Toll Road Section I.2 is a part of Java's toll road network system that connects Solo and Yogyakarta. The presence of this opak fault allegedly cut the toll road alignment. Based on Indonesia's Liquefaction Vulnerability Zone Map, the alignment location is in a medium liquefaction vulnerability zone. This study aims to determine the potential of liquefaction in the construction of Solo – Yogyakarta – NYIA Kulon Progo Toll Road Section I.2 (stationing 29+000 - 36+000). The maximum peak ground acceleration on the surface was calculated using the Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis calculation. Calculating liquefaction potential analysis uses the simplified procedure method developed by Idriss and Boulanger. The research shows that ten borehole points with sandy soil types 2 m – 18 m below the surface have liquefaction potential. The depth of the groundwater table is between 0.2 m – 10 m below the ground surface. Based on the Liquefaction Potential Index analysis, the research location is in a low - high level of liquefaction vulnerability.
Scale effects on viscosity determination using flume channel based on Vallejo and Scovazzo Method
Authors: Widjaja Budijanto , Pratama Ignatius Tommy , Hartono Ian
Published: September 2023

Mudflow is a type of ground movement that has a high speed and can occur suddenly. To learn more about mudflow movement, the need for analysis to obtain parameters of undrained shear strength and viscosity is important, especially viscosity, due to the limited available instruments. One approach to analysing mudflow is the rheological approach, which consists of two essential parameters: yield stress and viscosity. Research conducted by Vallejo and Scovazzo used a flume channel to determine the viscosity value of mudflow viscosity based on displacement and time of flow displacement. This study used the methods and formulas developed by Vallejo and Scovazzo with samples of kaolin and bentonite soils. The flume channels used are half-sized and quarter-sized from the original. The experimental results show that the viscosity value obtained from the Vallejo and Scovazzo Methods was relatively high because of the initial flow viscosity value. Further analysis using the Bingham plastic model shows that the viscosity obtained from the quarter-sized model was nearly 2 times smaller than the half-sized model. Meanwhile, the shear stress value of the half-sized model was about 2.3 times greater than the quarter-sized model.
Dynamic pore water pressure in saturated soil due to turbine engine’s vibration
Authors: Prihatiningsih Aniek , Iskandar Ali , Veronica
Published: September 2023

The turbine engine that is operating will generate vibrations that are transmitted by the foundation into the soil layer. This causes the pore water pressure in the soil to increase, which causes the shear strength of the soil to decrease and can reduce the carrying capacity of the soil as a foundation resting place, which results in a reduced bearing capacity of the foundation as well. The pore water pressure in the soil consists of static pore water pressure and excess pore water pressure. Static pore water pressure is hydrostatic pressure that depend on Ground Water Level (GWL), while excess pore water pressure is the pore water pressure that occurs due to changes in undrained soil stress. Therefore, a study was conducted on the effect of gas turbine engine vibration on pore water pressure in sand and clay soils with a depth of 8,5 m (fine to coarse sand), 10,5 m (silty clay), and 12,5 m (medium to coarse sand). From the research results, the value of the pore water pressure ratio for each layer of soil was 0,32, 0,02, and 0,49, which can reduce the bearing capacity of the pile, especially in sandy soils and if the value is greater than one, it can be concluded that the soil has the potential for liquefaction.
Road settlement analysis on improved peat soil in Pekanbaru
Authors: Prihatiningsih Aniek , Khohara Jonathan Wansons
Published: September 2023

Indonesia is one of the countries that has the largest area of peat soil. Construction on peat soil may cause problems to the structure due to poor physical properties of peat soil such as having low bearing capacity. There have been several cases where roads built on peat experience damages, like uneven road due to settlement. This research presents a study in peat soil with soil improvement where the peatland was used as a location for road construction, which the bearing capacity, settlement and time required for settlement to take place is predicted. The analysis was conducted in a condition where the pavement is placed from the elevation of 0,0 m to -0,88 m, and the pavement is considered as a reinforcement layer. This research presents the bearing capacity, amount of settlement occurred, and the time needed for consolidation of roads on improved peat soil.
Analysis of peat soil testing errors based on its characteristics and appropriate recommendation of peat soil testing
Authors: Khoerani Annisa , Amalia Dewi , Alexsander Stephanus
Published: September 2023

Peat soils are organic soils formed from decomposed plant parts that spread throughout the world, reaching 423 million hectares. It is well known that peat soils have adverse characteristics for infrastructure development due to their low shear strength and durability. Therefore, a lot of research has been done regarding the improvement of peat soils so that infrastructure development in dominant peat soil locations. However, in conducting the research, many tests were found to be inappropriate based on the characteristics of peat soils, causing doubts about the results of the research. In this paper, a literature study conducted based on books, journals, papers, or previous research to determine the characteristics of peat soils and the types of tests that are suitable for these characteristics. Based on the discussion, the physical properties of peat soil can be tested for ash content, fibre content, organic content, and acidity, while the Atterberg limits cannot be tested. In addition, for testing the mechanical properties of peat soil, the tests that can be carried out are the direct shear test, Rowe cell, and CBR test with notes.
Shear strength characteristic of geopolymer fly ash and egg shell powder stabilized clay soil
Authors: Diana Willis , Hartono Edi , Pratama Wahyu Eka , Wardani Weny Irma
Published: September 2023

The clay soil can present various issues as a construction and infrastructure material. Clay soil is susceptible to shrinkage and swelling, limited bearing capacity, poor drainage, and erosion. Several techniques, including soil stabilization, drainage systems, and excavation techniques, may alleviate these issues and control the risks associated with clay soil. There is a growing interest in soil stabilization and developing environmentally friendly alternatives to Portland cement. Alternative utilization of waste with pozzolanic properties as a stabilizing material to replace cement and lime is increasing. In this field, the use of waste materials such as fly ash and eggshell powder is increasing. This study examines the properties of clay soil shear strength treated with a mixture of fly ash and eggshell powder geopolymer. The unconsolidated, undrained triaxial test was performed to determine the shear strength of the treated soil. In addition, the effects of sample variation, such as NaOH molarity, curing duration, and the ratio of eggshell powder to replaced fly ash, were studied. The results demonstrated that 5% eggshell powder might boost the shear strength of treated soil. In addition, increasing the NaOH molarity resulted in higher shear strength values, showing that the geopolymer has a more substantial binding effect. However, extending the curing period impacts the shear strength of stabilized soil. This study established the viability of eggshell powder geopolymer as a stabilizing agent for clay soil. Including 5% eggshell powder in the fly ash geopolymer mixture can enhance the shear strength of the soil.
Seismic evaluation of existing building structure using United States (ASCE 41-17) and Japanese (JBDPA) standard: Case study office building in Indonesia
Authors: Sulthan Faiz , Gumilang S Angga Arief , Rusli Muhammad , Seki Matsutaro
Published: September 2023

In this study, the target evaluation building is a reinforced concrete structure with 4 stories in Surabaya City Indonesia that was over 35 years old. The method used is the U.S standard; ASCE 41:17 and the Japanese standard; JBDPA. The results using the ASCE 41-17 Tier 1 checklist with a 975 years earthquake return period (BSE-2E) and collapse prevention performance target obtained several evaluation items that received noncompliant (NC) status. Out of the 21 checklist items, 5 items were compliant (C), 7 items were noncompliant (NC), 2 items not applicable (N/A), and 7 items are unknown (U). The results of the nonlinear static procedure (NSP) also produce performance object building is still below the target performance level. The evaluation results using JBDPA show that the seismic index of structure (IS) at first and second-level screening procedures is less than the seismic demand index of structure (ISO). The results evaluation of these two methods shows the same results, that the building has a deficiency of strength and ductility, to improve building performance against earthquake loads needs to retrofit.