bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Food Delivery pada Gojek terhadap Kepua-san Pelanggan Studi pada Mahasiswa Institut Stiami
Authors: Vikaliana Resista , Astusti Widya Hastri , Nurhasanah Siti , Irwansyah Irwansyah
Published: November 2022

Fitur GoFood yang disediakan oleh Go-jek adalah layanan pesan-antar (delivery) yang disediakan Go-jek untuk membelikan dan mengantarkan makanan kepada penggunanya. Go-jek dengan persaiangan yang ketat terutama dengan pesaing terkuatnya yaitu Grab-food memiliki kelebihan seperti kelengkapan jenis restoran yang tersedia dibanding applikasi lainnya atau serupa. Keberhasilan GoJek dalam memberikan layanan pesan antar makanan terbilang sukses dengan jumlah konsumen dan patner pemilik usaha yang terbilang banyak. Kualitas pelayanan menjadi salah satu unsur terpenting untuk memperoleh kepuasan konsumen.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan populasi adalah mahasiswa pengguna aplikasi Go-food pada Go-jek di Institut Stiami Kampus Bekasi B yang menggunakan aplikasi Go-food pada Go-jek. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 orang, kemudian data diolah dengan menggunakan alat uji analisis statistik SPSS 21.

Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pengaruh kualitas pelayanan food delivery pada Gojek terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dari Mahasiswa Institut Stiami Kampus Bekasi B.  Besarnya pengaruh kualitas pelayanan food delivery pada Gojek terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dari Mahasiswa Institut Stiami Kampus Bekasi B sebesar 70,0%.
Analysis of Internal Control on Cash Receiving (Case Study at the Pratama Tiara Bunda Clinic)
Authors: Ningrum Endah Prawesti , Dewi Nita Komala , Siahaan Matdio , Dea
Published: November 2022

This study aims to make Tiara Bunda Clinic able to understand and evaluate internal control in the purchasing system that has been implemented. This type of research is a case study at the Pratama Tiara Bunda Clinic, with data collection techniques used are interviews and documentation. The results of this study can be concluded that the internal control system for cash receipts at Tiara Bunda Clinic Pratama for the risk assessment component and control activities are not adequate with COSO 2013 this is evident from the practice implemented by Tiara Bunda Clinic Pratama. This difference is because there have not been any changes at all related to regulations or the operating environment relating to cash receipts and physical control of cash receipts assets at the clinic every time a deposit is made to the clinic owner, it is always recalculated, for computer programs related to cash receipts assets there data in non-computerized cash receipts, only patient data is computerized. Meanwhile, the components of internal control, information, and communication, as well as monitoring are by the 2013 COSO theory, This can be proven from the practice that has been carried out by Tiara Bunda Clinic.
Backlash to Climate Policy
Authors: Patterson James J.
Published: November 2022

Hard climate policy (e.g., regulation, taxes/pricing, phaseouts) is needed to meet ambitious climate targets, but when such policy is introduced, it can sometimes trigger backlash. Backlash involves an abrupt and forceful negative reaction by a significant number of actors seeking to reverse a policy, often through extraordinary means that transgress established procedures and norms. Yet, explanations of policy backlash remain nascent and fragmented. I synthesize insights from within and beyond climate politics to argue that contested legitimacy is central to climate policy backlash, which provokes attempts toward delegitimation. I develop a conceptual pathway to explain the occurrence of climate policy backlash and generate hypotheses about how practices of delegitimation occur, and their effects. This contributes to explaining why backlash occurs, highlighting ideational factors alongside interests and institutions. Overall, I suggest the need for a contextually embedded approach to understanding the volatile dynamics of backlash, bringing political sociology into conversation with political economy.
“Who Knows?”: A Bakhtinian Reading of Carnivalesque Motifs in Jonah
Authors: McNinch Timothy C.
Published: November 2022

This brief study dialogues with Mikhail Bakhtin’s insights to evaluate the rhetoric of Jonah’s humor. The “carnivalesque” lens invites the reader to revel in the dialogic dissonances of the book, for in carnival fashion, the humor of Jonah counters the seriousness of a seemingly determined world with the liberating laughter of open-ended ambiguity. In Jonah, social hierarchies are collapsed, the hero is debased, and the world is depicted in grotesque and hyperbolic form. By embodying a “carnival sense of the world,” the humor in Jonah wonders aloud: What if the world is not as simple, ordered, and predictable as the prophetic voice often assumes? That idea is provoked and prodded by embodying the idea of “the prophet” in the character of Jonah and dropping him into unusual circumstances, as an authentically open-ended, literary, thought experiment. In that experiment, “Who knows?” Anything could happen.
An observation of attempted infanticide and female–female cooperation in wild plains zebras (Equus quagga)
Authors: Hex Severine B.S.W. , Mwangi Margaret , Warungu Rosemary , Rubenstein Daniel I.
Published: November 2022

Male infanticide has been reported in a wide range of taxa as a strategy for redirecting maternal investment and increasing a male’s chance of siring future offspring. Plains zebras (Equus quagga) possess many of the social organization and life history traits found to favour infanticide. However, most documented cases are from captive animals, while it has not been detected in studies of free-ranging populations. Here, we report an apparent infanticide attempt in which the historical associations of all participants were known. In addition, we report the first instance of non-kin female–female cooperative defence against male aggression in this species. We discuss why this behaviour may not have been observed by other longitudinal studies. We then explore how intraspecific and inter-individual variation may factor into its relative rarity, how the reproductive biology of plains zebras relates to this behaviour, and how female–female cooperation between non-kin can operate as an effective counterstrategy.
More opportunities to peck for identical food availability increases foraging efficiency in pigeons
Authors: Wittek Neslihan , Oeksuez Fatma , Güntürkün Onur , Anselme Patrick
Published: November 2022

The opportunity and the information available to secure food resources drives foraging behaviour. We tested how inconsistent hole-food pairings and coverings could alter foraging performance, even when food availability is held constant. In our first experiment, we exposed pigeons (Columba livia) to a board in which each of the 60 covered holes contained one food item and to another board in which only one third of the 180 covered holes randomly contained one food item. In a second experiment, only the 60-hole board was used and the holes were not covered. The pigeons increased their body weight, gave fewer pecks per hole, revisited holes less often, and inspected fewer adjacent holes with 180 rather than 60 covered holes while eating similar amounts. However, their pecks were disproportionately higher near the edges of the board with 60 covered holes. This behaviour was not evident in the second experiment, when the food items were visible and individuals could know where food was available. Thus, the information about food location may drive foraging behaviour more directly than the information about food availability.
Two new species of Cryptanthus (Bromelioideae, Bromeliaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Ferreira DÉBORA MARIA CAVALCANTI , LOUZADA RAFAEL BATISTA
Published: November 2022

Two new species of Cryptanthus from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil are described and illustrated. Cryptanthus pirambuensis occurs in Sergipe State and is compared to C. alagoanus, C. pickelii and C. ruthiae, from which it differs mainly by the number of flowers in the apical cluster of the inflorescence and the number of flowers in the lateral clusters of the inflorescence. Cryptanthus vinosibracteatus was discovered in Bahia State and is morphologically similar to C. arelli, but it can be differentiated by the absence of trichomes on the adaxial surface of the leaf blades, length and color of the floral bracts and sepals, and length and connation of the petals. Geographic distribution data, including a map, photographs and comments are also provided for the new species.
Thismia cordata (Thismiaceae), a new fairy lantern species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: FERREIRA DA SILVA DIEGO , RÍOS ROMÁN CARLOS , MORDASKI VISINI DA CRUZ VINICYUS JORGE , SOUZA INTI DE , MARCELO ALVARENGA BRAGA JOÃO
Published: November 2022

A new species of Thismia (Thismiaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is described and illustrated. Thismia cordata belongs to T. subg. Ophiomeris sect. Ophiomeris, and is mainly characterized by its flowers zygomorphic with gibbous perianth tube which is densely pilose on the inner surface, annulus surrounded by a prominent star-shaped ornamentation of 6-lobes with apex acute, densely pilose, outer perianth lobes ovate with base cordate, stamens with connective falcate, ovary glabrous, and stigma sharply trilobed, densely pilose. Detailed description, illustrations, notes on distribution, and preliminary conservation assessment are provided below.
A world catalogue of Xyleutes Hübner, 1820 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae: Zeuzerinae) with description of a new species from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: YAKOVLEV ROMAN V. , SANKARARAMAN HARIHARAKRISHNAN , BALAJI RAJASEKARAN KRISHNA , BALAKRISHNAN VALAPPIL
Published: November 2022

A new species of carpenter moth Xyleutes ramamurthyi Yakovlev & Sankararaman, sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Cossidae, Zeuzerinae) is described as new to science from the Western Ghats of south India. The identification key and species catalog of the genus is provided. In this study, we illustrated with images of all the species of the genus and morphological structures of the new species. The photos of biotopes and the map of new species distribution are provided.
Stability of virtual reality haptic feedback incorporating fuzzy-passivity control
Authors: Chen Yung-Te , Hsiu Hsin , Chen Ruei-Jia , Chen Ping-Nan
Published: November 2022

This study investigated the stability of virtual reality (VR) haptic feedback from the perspective of energy. A fuzzy controller was designed on the basis of passivity theory to mitigate the shock and divergence in a virtual component caused by the negative damping coefficient and the high spring coefficient. Compared with a standard passivity controller, a fuzzy-passivity controller is more effective in shortening the time required to stabilize a system with high initial energy and devices that consume energy slowly. First, MATLAB/Simulink was employed for stability simulation and analysis. The fuzzy-passivity controller provided more favorable stability convergence than did the standard passivity controller. The simulation results align with expectations. Second, the completed VR system was applied as an experiment platform for verifying the feasibility of the fuzzy-passivity controller. To achieve one degree of freedom in the experiments, a robotic arm was exclusively designed to replace manual force. Finally, compared with standard passivity control systems, the results indicated that the fuzzy-passivity controller enables improved control over the stability of VR haptic feedback.
Predictors of response to anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies: a 24-week, multicenter, prospective study on 864 migraine patients
Authors: Barbanti Piero , Egeo Gabriella , Aurilia Cinzia , Altamura Claudia , d’Onofrio Florindo , Finocchi Cinzia , Albanese Maria , Aguggia Marco , Rao Renata , Zucco Maurizio , Frediani Fabio , Filippi Massimo , Messina Roberta , Cevoli Sabina , Carnevale Antonio , Fiorentini Giulia , Messina Stefano , Bono Francesco , Torelli Paola , Proietti Stefania , Bonassi Stefano , Vernieri Fabrizio ,   for the Italian Migraine Registry study group
Published: November 2022

Background and objectives

The identification of predictors of response to antiCGRP mAbs could favor tailored therapies and personalized treatment plans. This study is aimed at investigating predictors of ≥ 50%, ≥ 75% and 100% response at 24 weeks in patients with high-frequency episodic (HFEM: 8–14 days/month) or chronic migraine (CM).

Methods

This is a large, multicenter, cohort, real-life study. We considered all consecutive adult patients affected by HFEM or CM who were prescribed antiCGRP mAbs for ≥ 24 weeks in 20 headache centers. Patients were interviewed face-to-face using a shared semi-structured questionnaire carefully exploring socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Patients received subcutaneous erenumab (70 mg or140 mg, monthly), galcanezumab (120 mg monthly, following a 240 mg loading dose), or fremanezumab (225 mg, monthly or 675 mg, quarterly) according to drug market availability, physician’s choice, or patient’s preference. The primary endpoint of the study was the assessment of ≥ 50% response predictors at 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints included ≥ 75% and 100% response predictors at 24 weeks.

Results

Eight hundred sixty-four migraine patients had been treated with antiCGRP mAbs for ≥ 24 weeks (erenumab: 639 pts; galcanezumab: 173 pts; fremanezumab: 55 pts). The ≥50% response (primary endpoint) in HFEM was positively associated with unilateral pain (UP) + unilateral cranial autonomic symptoms (UAs) (OR:4.23, 95%CI:1.57–11.4; p = 0.004), while in CM was positively associated with UAs (OR:1.49, 95%CI:1.05–2.11; p = 0.026), UP + UAs (OR:1.90, 95%CI:1.15–3.16; p = 0.012), UP + allodynia (OR:1.71, 95%CI:1.04–2.83; p = 0.034), and negatively associated with obesity (OR:0.21, 95%CI:0.07–0.64; p = 0.006). The 75% response (secondary endpoint) was positively associated with UP + UAs in HFEM (OR:3.44, 95%CI:1.42–8.31; p = 0.006) and with UP + UAs (OR:1.78, 95%CI:1.14–2.80; p = 0.012) and UP + allodynia (OR:1.92, 95%CI:1.22–3.06; p = 0.005) in CM. No predictor of 100% response emerged in patients with HFEM or CM.

Conclusions

A critical evaluation of headache characteristics indicating peripheral or central sensitization may help in predicting responsiveness to antiCGRP mAbs in HFEM and CM. A more precise pain profiling may represent a steppingstone for a mechanism-based approach and personalized treatment of migraine with compounds targeting specific molecular mechanisms.
MLAGO: machine learning-aided global optimization for Michaelis constant estimation of kinetic modeling
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiro , Hatae Aoi , Sakai Yukie , Boogerd Fred C. , Kurata Hiroyuki
Published: November 2022

Background

Kinetic modeling is a powerful tool for understanding the dynamic behavior of biochemical systems. For kinetic modeling, determination of a number of kinetic parameters, such as the Michaelis constant (Km), is necessary, and global optimization algorithms have long been used for parameter estimation. However, the conventional global optimization approach has three problems: (i) It is computationally demanding. (ii) It often yields unrealistic parameter values because it simply seeks a better model fitting to experimentally observed behaviors. (iii) It has difficulty in identifying a unique solution because multiple parameter sets can allow a kinetic model to fit experimental data equally well (the non-identifiability problem).

Results

To solve these problems, we propose the Machine Learning-Aided Global Optimization (MLAGO) method for Km estimation of kinetic modeling. First, we use a machine learning-based Km predictor based only on three factors: EC number, KEGG Compound ID, and Organism ID, then conduct a constrained global optimization-based parameter estimation by using the machine learning-predicted Km values as the reference values. The machine learning model achieved relatively good prediction scores: RMSE = 0.795 and R2 = 0.536, making the subsequent global optimization easy and practical. The MLAGO approach reduced the error between simulation and experimental data while keeping Km values close to the machine learning-predicted values. As a result, the MLAGO approach successfully estimated Km values with less computational cost than the conventional method. Moreover, the MLAGO approach uniquely estimated Km values, which were close to the measured values.

Conclusions

MLAGO overcomes the major problems in parameter estimation, accelerates kinetic modeling, and thus ultimately leads to better understanding of complex cellular systems. The web application for our machine learning-based Km predictor is accessible at https://sites.google.com/view/kazuhiro-maeda/software-tools-web-apps, which helps modelers perform MLAGO on their own parameter estimation tasks.
Identification of quantitative trait loci for related traits of stalk lodging resistance using genome-wide association studies in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Wu Lifen , Zheng Yunxiao , Jiao Fuchao , Wang Ming , Zhang Jing , Zhang Zhongqin , Huang Yaqun , Jia Xiaoyan , Zhu Liying , Zhao Yongfeng , Guo Jinjie , Chen Jingtang
Published: November 2022

Background

Stalk lodging is one of the main factors affecting maize (Zea mays L.) yield and limiting mechanized harvesting. Developing maize varieties with high stalk lodging resistance requires exploring the genetic basis of lodging resistance-associated agronomic traits. Stalk strength is an important indicator to evaluate maize lodging and can be evaluated by measuring stalk rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) and stalk buckling strength (SBS). Along with morphological traits of the stalk for the third internodes length (TIL), fourth internode length (FIL), third internode diameter (TID), and the fourth internode diameter (FID) traits are associated with stalk lodging resistance.

Results

In this study, a natural population containing 248 diverse maize inbred lines genotyped with 83,057 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers was used for genome-wide association study (GWAS) for six stalk lodging resistance-related traits. The heritability of all traits ranged from 0.59 to 0.72 in the association mapping panel. A total of 85 significant SNPs were identified for the association mapping panel using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) values of all traits. Additionally, five candidate genes were associated with stalk strength traits, which were either directly or indirectly associated with cell wall components.

Conclusions

These findings contribute to our understanding of the genetic basis of maize stalk lodging and provide valuable theoretical guidance for lodging resistance in maize breeding in the future.
Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15 of producing KPC-2, SHV-106 and CTX-M-15 in Anhui, China
Authors: Zhao Hang , He Zhien , Li Yujie , Sun Baolin
Published: November 2022

Background:

It is well known that carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has become a more problematic public health issue due to its widespread spread worldwide. In China, ST11-type CRKP is the most prevalent CRKP, but ST15-type CRKP, a recently prevalent high-risk clone, has emerged widely throughout China, posing a serious public health risk. Therefore, we conducted an epidemiological of an outbreak of ST15 CRKP of producing CTX-M-15, KPC-2 and SHV-106 in a tertiary hospital in Anhui, China, to Understanding the potential risks of the current STT15 CRKP outbreak.

Results:

From July 2021 to December 2021, 13 ST15 CRKP isolates were identified by collecting non-repeated clinical multidrug-resistant isolates, with all capsular typing of serotype KL19. All ST15 CRKP isolates were resistant to cephalosporins, carbapenems and quinolones, but were sensitive to amikacin, tigecycline and polymyxin B. In addition, isolates carried blaSHV−106 (100%), blaKPC−2 (69%), blaCTX−M−15 (69%), blaTEM−1B (69%), blaOXA−1 (62%) and blaLAP−2 (8%), as well as iron chelators (iutA, ybt, fyuA, ent, fepA, irp1, irp2, 100%) were detected. In phenotyping experiments, all ST15 CRKP exhibited lower growth rates than NTUH-K2044, and all ST15 CRKP did not exhibit mucoviscositty characteristics. However, in the Galleria mellonella infection model, isolates 21081212, 21081241 and 21091216 were more lethal than the hypervirulent isolates NTUH-K2044. Sequencing results showed that the genetic environment surrounding the genes blaSHV−106, blaKPC−2, blaCTX−M−15, blaOXA−1 and blaTEM−1B were all identical in the ST15 CRKP isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 13 ST15 CRKP isolates were divided into three subgroups, and when placed in global analysis, 10 of them were highly homologous to isolates from Jiangsu, two were highly homologous to isolates from Zhejiang, and one was homologous to an isolate from an unlabelled region.

Conclusion:

Our research shows that ST15 CRKP, which carries multiple β-lactamases genes and siderophores-encoding genes, may be evolving to hypervirulence and may have spread widely in localised areas. Therefore, environmental surveillance and clinical infection control in hospitals should be strengthened to prevent further spread of ST15 CRKP.
Developmentally regulated mitochondrial biogenesis and cell death competence in maize pollen
Authors: Chamusco Karen C. , Milazzo May N. , Bhan Kanchan S. , Kamps Terry L. , Smith Prestina , Durojaiye Modupeoluwa , Moreira Cristina D. , Gallo Maria , Chase Christine D.
Published: November 2022

Background

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited failure to produce functional pollen that most commonly results from expression of novel, chimeric mitochondrial genes. InZea mays, cytoplasmic male sterility type S (CMS-S) is characterized by the collapse of immature, bi-cellular pollen. Molecular and cellular features of developing CMS-S and normal (N) cytoplasm pollen were compared to determine the role of mitochondria in these differing developmental fates.

Results

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling revealed both chromatin and nuclear fragmentation in the collapsed CMS-S pollen, demonstrating a programmed cell death (PCD) event sharing morphological features with mitochondria-signaled apoptosis in animals. Maize plants expressing mitochondria-targeted green fluorescent protein (GFP) demonstrated dynamic changes in mitochondrial morphology and association with actin filaments through the course of N-cytoplasm pollen development, whereas mitochondrial targeting of GFP was lost and actin filaments were disorganized in developing CMS-S pollen. Immunoblotting revealed significant developmental regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in both CMS-S and N mito-types. Nuclear and mitochondrial genome encoded components of the cytochrome respiratory pathway and ATP synthase were of low abundance at the microspore stage, but microspores accumulated abundant nuclear-encoded alternative oxidase (AOX). Cytochrome pathway and ATP synthase components accumulated whereas AOX levels declined during the maturation of N bi-cellular pollen. Increased abundance of cytochrome pathway components and declining AOX also characterized collapsed CMS-S pollen. The accumulation and robust RNA editing of mitochondrial transcripts implicated translational or post-translational control for the developmentally regulated accumulation of mitochondria-encoded proteins in both mito-types.

Conclusions

CMS-S pollen collapse is a PCD event coincident with developmentally programmed mitochondrial events including the accumulation of mitochondrial respiratory proteins and declining protection against mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species.
Nasopharyngeal aspirates in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia collected within 3 days before bronchoscopy can partially reflect the pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids
Authors: Zhu Qiguo , Zhou Junli , Li Fei , Shi Peng , Lu Yi , Lin Xiaoliang , Yuan Lin , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Shen Jun
Published: November 2022

Background

There is little evidence about consistency between nasopharyngeal and pulmonary pathogens in children with severe pneumonia. This study aims to compare the difference of pathogens between nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) collected before bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP).

Methods

NPAs and BALFs were collected form pediatric SCAP cases hospitalized from January 2018 to March 2019. NPAs were colleced within 3 days before bronchoscopy. Samples were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) for seven respiratory viruses and by routine bacterial culture in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Adenovirus (ADV), Influenza virus types A, B (IV-A and IV-B), Parainfluenza virus 1–3 (PIV1-3) were detected with a commercial assay. The virological and bacteriological detention results of NPAs were compared with the results of BALFs.

Results

In total 204 cases with mean age of 3.4 ± 2.8 years (IQR, 1 month-14 years) were included in the study. Both NPA and BALF were collected from those cases. The positive rates of pathogen in NPAs and BALFs were 25.0% (51/204) and 36.7% (75/204), respectively (x2 = 6.614, P = 0.010). Respiratory viruses were found in 16.1% (33/204) from NPAs and 32.3% (66/204) from BALFs (x2 = 14.524, P < 0.001). RSV and ADV were the two most frequent detected viruses in NPAs and BALFs. High consistentcy of pathogens between NPAs and BALFs was observed, and 96.9% (32/33) viruses detected in NPAs were also found in BALFs. While bacteria were isolated from 12.7% (26/204) and 10.7% (22/204) of the two kinds of samples, respectively (x2 = 0.378, P = 0.539). In addition, Haemophilus influenzae (HI) was the dominant germ in both samples.

Conclusion

The DFA method used to detect seven respiratory viruses from NPAs collected within 3 days before bronchoscopy can partially reflect the pathogens in the lungs in children with SCAP.
Prognostic value of combined MTV and ADC derived from baseline FDG PET/MRI in aggressive non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Authors: Husby Trine , Johansen Håkon , Bogsrud Trond Velde , Hustad Kari Vekseth , Evensen Birte Veslemøy , Boellaard Ronald , Giskeødegård Guro F. , Fagerli Unn-Merete , Eikenes Live
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from baseline FDG PET/MRI compared to established clinical risk factors in terms of progression free survival (PFS) at 2 years in a cohort of diffuse large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) and high-grade-B-cell lymphoma (HGBCL).

Methods

Thirty-three patients and their baseline PET/MRI examinations were included. Images were read by two pairs of nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists for defining lymphoma lesions. MTV was computed on PET, and up to six lymphoma target lesions with restricted diffusion was defined for each PET/MRI examination. Minimum ADC (ADCmin) and the corresponding mean ADC (ADCmean) from the target lesion with the lowest ADCmin were included in the analyses. For the combined PET/MRI parameters, the ratio between MTV and the target lesion with the lowest ADCmin (MTV/ADCmin) and the corresponding ADCmean (MTV/ADCmean) was calculated for each patient. Clinical, histological, and PET/MRI parameters were compared between the treatment failure and treatment response group, while survival analyses for each variable was performed by using univariate Cox regression. In case of significant variables in the Cox regression analyses, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses with log-rank test was used to study the effect of the variables on PFS.

Results

ECOC PS scale ≥2 (p = 0.05) and ADCmean (p = 0.05) were significantly different between the treatment failure group (n = 6) and those with treatment response (n = 27). Survival analyses showed that ADCmean was associated with PFS (p = 0.02, [HR 2.3 for 1 SD increase]), while combining MTV and ADC did not predict outcome. In addition, ECOG PS ≥2 (p = 0.01, [HR 13.3]) and histology of HGBCL (p = 0.02 [HR 7.6]) was significantly associated with PFS.

Conclusions

ADCmean derived from baseline MRI could be a prognostic imaging biomarker for DLBCL and HGBCL. Baseline staging with PET/MRI could therefore give supplementary prognostic information compared to today’s standard PET/CT.
The diagnostic and prognostic value of radiomics and deep learning technologies for patients with solid pulmonary nodules in chest CT images
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wei Ying , Shi Feng , Ren Jing , Zhou Qing , Li Weimin , Chen Bojiang
Published: November 2022

Background

Solid pulmonary nodules are different from subsolid nodules and the diagnosis is much more challenging. We intended to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of radiomics and deep learning technologies for solid pulmonary nodules.

Methods

Retrospectively enroll patients with pathologically-confirmed solid pulmonary nodules and collect clinical data. Obtain pre-treatment high-resolution thoracic CT and manually delineate the nodule in 3D. Then, all patients were randomly divided into training and testing sets at a ratio of 7:3, and convolutional neural networks (CNN) models and random forest (RF) models were established. Survival analyses were performed for patients with solid adenocarcinomas.

Results

Totally 720 solid pulmonary nodules were enrolled, 348 benign and 372 malignant. The CNN model with clinical features achieved the highest AUC [0.819, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.760–0.877] with a sensitivity of 0.778, specificity of 0.788 and accuracy of 0.783. No significant differences were observed between the CNN and radiomics models. There were 295 solid adenocarcinomas in survival analysis. Different disease-free survival was observed between the low-risk and high-risk groups divided according to the radiomics Rad-score. However, the groups based on deep learning signatures showed similar survival. Cox regression analysis indicated that the radiomics Rad-score (hazard ratio: 5.08, 95% CI: 2.61–9.90) was an independent predictor of recurrence.

Conclusions

The radiomics and deep learning models can well predict the malignancy of solid pulmonary nodules. Radiomics signatures also demonstrate prognostic value in solid adenocarcinomas.
Occupation- and industry-specific cancer mortality among Japanese women from 1980 to 2015
Authors: Dhungel Bibha , Murakami Tomoe , Gilmour Stuart , Ikeda Shunya , Wada Koji
Published: November 2022

Background

The number of women in Japan who continue working after childbirth is on the rise. Over the past few years, Japan’s cancer mortality rate has increased. About 50% of all cancer deaths among Japanese women aged 25–64 are caused by lung, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. This study aims to examine the difference in mortality risk for key cancers among women and explore the effect of the economic crisis in the mid-1990s separately for occupational and industrial categories.

Methods

Data from 1980 to 2015 were gathered from the Japanese Population Census and National Vital Statistics conducted in the same year. A Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate mortality risk and mortality trends for lung, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancer among Japanese working women aged 25–64 years.

Results

Across most industrial and occupational groups, the trends in age-standardised cancer mortality rate for women have declined. Workers in management, security and transportation have a higher cancer mortality risk than sales workers. The risk of death from all four cancers is higher for workers in the mining and electricity industries than for wholesale and retail workers.

Conclusion

To improve the health and well-being of employed Japanese women, it is crucial to monitor cancer mortality trends. Using these population-level quantitative risk estimates, industry- and occupation-specific prevention programmes can be developed to target women at higher cancer risk and enable the early detection and treatment of cancer.
Spatiotemporal analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Shandong Province, China, 2014–2018
Authors: Wang Yao , Pang Bo , Ma Wei , Kou Zengqiang , Wen Hongling
Published: November 2022

Background

Due to recent emergence, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is becoming one of the major public health problems in Shandong Province, China. The numbers of reported SFTS cases in general and the area with reported SFTS cases are both continuously increasing in recent years. However, spatiotemporal patterns and clusters of SFTS in Shandong Province have not been investigated yet.

Methods

The surveillance data of SFTS in Shandong Province, China, during 2014–2018 were extracted from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP). Geoda software was used to explore spatial autocorrelation analysis, and Satscan software was used to identify spatio-temporal clustering of cases. The results were presented in ArcMap.

Results

The annual average incidence was 0.567/100,000 in Shandong Province during 2014–2018. Results showed that the distribution of SFTS was not random but clustered in space and time. A most likely cluster including 15 counties was observed in the northeastern region of Shandong Province from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 (Relative risk = 5.13, Log likelihood ratio = 361.266,P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The number of SFTS cases in Shandong Province increased overall. Geographic information system analysis coupled with spatial analysis illustrated regions with SFTS clusters. Our results provide a sound evidence base for future prevention and control programs of SFTS such as allocation of the health resources, surveillance in high-risk regions, health education, improvement of diagnosis and so on.
Sleep disturbance is associated with mild cognitive impairment: a community population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gao Fan , Wei Shan , Dang Liangjun , Gao Yao , Gao Ling , Shang Suhang , Chen Chen , Huo Kang , Wang Jingyi , Wang Jin , Qu Qiumin
Published: November 2022

Background

Sleep is conducive to the elimination of brain metabolites and the recovery of brain function. However, the relationship between sleep disturbance and Mild Cognitive Impairment is not fully been determined.

Methods

This was a community population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 1,443 participants from a village in the suburbs of Xi’an, China were enrolled in 2017. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and sleep disturbance was defined as a PSQI score > 5. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function and Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) was defined as the MMSE score less than cutoff values and meets the diagnostic criteria. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the relationships between sleep disturbance and MCI.

Results

Among 1,443 subjects, 69(4.78%) had MCI, and 830 (57.52%) had sleep disturbance. In bivariate analysis, MCI was associated with sleep disturbance (ρ = 0.094, P<0.001). In the binary logistic regression, MCI was positively associated with the sleep disturbance (OR = 2.027, 95%CI = 1.112–3.698, P = 0.021). In the internal constitution of PSQI, MCI was negatively associated with the habitual sleep efficiency (OR = 0.447, 95%CI = 0.299–0.669, P < 0.001). Compared with waking up before or at 7 am, waking up after 7 am (OR = 0.555, 95%CI = 0.309–0.995, P = 0.048), or 8 am (OR = 0.296, 95%CI = 0.097–0.902, P = 0.032) was probably more likely to have normal cognition. However, people who slept more than 8 h a day might be more likely to suffer from MCI (OR = 5.560, 95%CI = 1.419–21.789, P = 0.014).

Conclusion

Sleep disturbance is associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment. However, the causal relationship between them is not clear. It needs to be further studied.
General and paediatric dentists’ knowledge, attitude and practises regarding the use of Silver Diammine Fluoride for the management of dental caries: a national survey in the Netherlands
Authors: Schroë Sofie C.H. , Bonifacio Clarissa C. , Bruers Josef J. , Innes Nicola P. T. , Hesse Daniela
Published: November 2022

Background

Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a topical medication used to arrest cavitated carious lesions non-invasively. The primary aim was to investigate, and analyse the relationships between; knowledge, attitudes and practises (including barriers and facilitators) for SDF use in the management of dental caries by general dental practitioners (GDPs) and paediatric dentists (PDs) in the Netherlands. A secondary aim was to explore any differences in these, between these groups.

Methods

A randomly selected sample of 600 Dutch GDPs (out of 9,502 respectively) and all 57 registered Dutch PDs were invited to participate in this cross-sectional survey, consisting of four sections: (1) participant characteristics, (2) knowledge (through responses to summative questions), (3) attitudes (through statement agreement using 5-point Likert scale), and (4) practises, use, barriers and facilitators (through multiple choice questions).

Results

The response rates were: GDPs 23% (n = 140) and PDs 47% (n = 27). Knowledge: out of 15 questions to test understanding of SDF, the mean number of correct answers were GDPs 6.7; standard deviation (SD) 2.6 and PDs 7.4, SD 2.2 with no significant difference. The mean overall attitude score showed positive attitudes towards SDF use for both groups. Compared to GDPs, PDs were more likely to use SDF (p < 0.001) and expected to increase their use (p = 0.037). The main barrier for users was parental acceptance (47%) and for non-users it was lack of knowledge (60%). The main facilitator for both users and non-users was gaining knowledge through courses and workshops, followed by written information leaflets about SDF for parents.

Conclusion

Less than half of the knowledge questions about SDF were answered correctly. Despite low knowledge, attitude towards SDF use was positive. Practitioners believed that its use would be facilitated by professionals having more accessible information and training and by the availability of parent information leaflets. Furthermore, SDF is used more frequently by PDs than GDPs.
The influence of artificial saliva on the cleaning force of interdental rubber picks: an in-vitro comparison
Authors: Graetz Christian , Härdter Ann-Kristin , Schorr Susanne , Cyris Miriam , Geiken Antje , Rinder Thomas , Dörfer Christof E. , Sälzer Sonja
Published: November 2022

Background

The familiar aids for interdental cleaning such as dental floss or interdental brushes (IDB) are often associated with difficult handling or an increased potential for trauma. Interdental picks (IRP), which have no metal core and silicone flaps instead of nylon brushes, offer the alternative. However, in-vitro studies found a lower cleaning effectiveness combined with higher forces for cleaning compared with conventional IDBs. The aim of this in-vitro study was to measure the experimental cleaning forces (ECF) using IRP with versus without an artificial saliva (AS; GUM Hydral, Sunstar Suisse SA, Etoy, Switzerland).

Methods

The test set-up was developed to investigate the cleaning of 3D-printed interdental area (IDR) mimicking human teeth (Form 2, Formlabs Sommerville, MA, USA) under standardized conditions. Three different morphologies (isosceles triangle, convex, concave) and three different sizes (1.0 mm,1.1 mm,1.3 mm) were used. Two different IRPs (GUM Soft-picks Advanced: SPA versus GUM Soft-picks Advanced Plus: SPA+, Sunstar Suisse SA, Etoy, Switzerland) in three sizes (small, regular, large), were used with versus without AS. ECF during ten cleaning cycles were recorded by a load cell [N].

Results

Using AS leaded to significant lower values for ECF than without (1.04 ± 0.66 N versus 1.97 ± 1.01 N, p < 0.001). In general, a lower ECF was recorded for convex IDR compared to isosceles triangle and concave morphologies (p < 0.001) as well as for gap sizes of 1.3 mm compared to the smaller sizes (p < 0.001). For SPA+ we found significantly higher force values than for SPA (1.67 ± 0.93 N versus 1.31 ± 0.97 N, p < 0.001) independent of the use of AS.

Conclusion

Within the study´s in-vitro limitations, we found AS reduced ECF of IRPs by half and allowed using larger diameters interdentally, which could be associated with (1) a higher cleaning effectiveness and (2) a higher acceptance e.g. of patients with dry mouth. This has to be confirmed by further clinical investigations.
Added flavors: potential contributors to body weight gain and obesity?
Authors: Neumann Nathalie Judith , Fasshauer Mathias
Published: November 2022

Background

Added flavors are a marker for ultra-processing of food and a strong link exists between the intake of ultra-processed food and the development of obesity. The objective of the present article is to assess animal and human data elucidating the impact of added flavors on the regulation of food intake and body weight gain, as well as to define areas for future research.

Main text

Mechanistic studies suggest that added flavors induce overeating and body weight gain by two independent mechanisms: Added flavors promote hedonic eating and override homeostatic control of food intake, as well as disrupt flavor-nutrient learning and impair the ability to predict nutrients in food items. Supporting these potential mechanisms, added flavors increase feed intake and body weight as compared to non-flavored control diets in a broad range of animal studies. They are actively promoted by feed additive manufacturers as useful tools to improve palatability, feed intake, and performance parameters. In humans, added flavors are extensively tested concerning toxicity; however, no data exist concerning their impact on food intake and body weight.

Conclusions

Added flavors are potential contributors to the obesity epidemic and further studies focusing on their role in humans are urgently required. These studies include obesity interventions specifically targeting food items with added flavors and cohort studies on independent associations between added flavor intake and metabolic, as well as cardiovascular, morbidity, and mortality.
The presence and impact of multimorbidity clusters on adverse outcomes across the spectrum of kidney function
Authors: Sullivan Michael K. , Carrero Juan-Jesus , Jani Bhautesh Dinesh , Anderson Craig , McConnachie Alex , Hanlon Peter , Nitsch Dorothea , McAllister David A. , Mair Frances S. , Mark Patrick B. , Gasparini Alessandro
Published: November 2022

Background

Multimorbidity (the presence of two or more chronic conditions) is common amongst people with chronic kidney disease, but it is unclear which conditions cluster together and if this changes as kidney function declines. We explored which clusters of conditions are associated with different estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) and studied associations between these clusters and adverse outcomes.

Methods

Two population-based cohort studies were used: the Stockholm Creatinine Measurements project (SCREAM, Sweden, 2006–2018) and the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank (SAIL, Wales, 2006–2021). We studied participants in SCREAM (404,681 adults) and SAIL (533,362) whose eGFR declined lower than thresholds (90, 75, 60, 45, 30 and 15 mL/min/1.73m2). Clusters based on 27 chronic conditions were identified. We described the most common chronic condition(s) in each cluster and studied their association with adverse outcomes using Cox proportional hazards models (all-cause mortality (ACM) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)).

Results

Chronic conditions became more common and clustered differently across lower eGFR categories. At eGFR 90, 75, and 60 mL/min/1.73m2, most participants were in large clusters with no prominent conditions. At eGFR 15 and 30 mL/min/1.73m2, clusters involving cardiovascular conditions were larger and were at the highest risk of adverse outcomes. At eGFR 30 mL/min/1.73m2, in the heart failure, peripheral vascular disease and diabetes cluster in SCREAM, ACM hazard ratio (HR) is 2.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.31–3.07) and MACE HR is 4.18 (CI 3.65–4.78); in the heart failure and atrial fibrillation cluster in SAIL, ACM HR is 2.23 (CI 2.04 to 2.44) and MACE HR is 3.43 (CI 3.22–3.64). Chronic pain and depression were common and associated with adverse outcomes when combined with physical conditions. At eGFR 30 mL/min/1.73m2, in the chronic pain, heart failure and myocardial infarction cluster in SCREAM, ACM HR is 2.00 (CI 1.62–2.46) and MACE HR is 4.09 (CI 3.39–4.93); in the depression, chronic pain and stroke cluster in SAIL, ACM HR is 1.38 (CI 1.18–1.61) and MACE HR is 1.58 (CI 1.42–1.76).

Conclusions

Patterns of multimorbidity and corresponding risk of adverse outcomes varied with declining eGFR. While diabetes and cardiovascular disease are known high-risk conditions, chronic pain and depression emerged as important conditions and associated with adverse outcomes when combined with physical conditions.
Variations in the use of malaria preventive measures among pregnant women in Guinea: a secondary analysis of the 2012 and 2018 demographic and health surveys
Authors: Barry Ibrahima , Toure Almamy Amara , Sangho Oumar , Beavogui Abdoul Habib , Cisse Diao , Diallo Abdourahamane , Magassouba Aboubacar Sidiki , Sylla Younoussa , Doumbia Lancina , Cherif Mahamoud Sama , Camara Alseny Yarie , Diawara Fatou , Tounkara Moctar , Delamou Alexandre , Doumbia Seydou
Published: November 2022

Background

Despite its effectiveness, the optimal use of the combination of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) and intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) remains low in malaria-endemic areas. Therefore, this study analyzed its variations and predictors in Guinea.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of the 2012 and 2018 Guinea Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). It included women who had given birth 3 years before each DHS, slept on ITN and took at least one dose of SP. Use was complete if a pregnant woman slept on ITNs and took SP (at least two doses in 2012; at least three doses in 2018). Moran indices were used to determine spatial autocorrelation and classification methods to identify malaria preventive measures (MPM) predictors.

Results

In 2012, 60.88% of pregnant women had incomplete use of MPMs compared with 79.11% in 2018. Associated factors with incomplete MPMs in 2012 were as follows: having an indirect link with the head of household (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.08–4.61) and performing at least 4 ANC visits (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.99). In 2018: Living in households of 2 to 5 people (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.36–0.80), have a man as the head of the household (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.35–0.89), perform the first ANC in the second trimester of pregnancy (AOR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.54–0.99), perform at least 4 ANC visits (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.36–0.62), have a job (AOR = 0. 67, 95% CI 0.50–0.88), give birth in a public health facility (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.39–0.72) and the middle wealth quintile (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.07–2.26). Analyses revealed a global autocorrelation (Moran index = 0.0009, p = 0.2349) and high–high clusters in Mamou in 2012. In 2018, autocorrelation was found (I Moran = 0.0169, p ≤ 0.05), with spatial clusters in 4 regions.

Conclusion

The link with the head of household and the number of ANC visits were the main factors in MPMs. It is essential to implement strategies at the household level and health system level and monitor them to reduce inequality across regions.