bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Estimation of Baricitinib by AQbD-driven UV Spectrophotometry Development and Validation Process
Authors: Rani Laxmi , Mishra Ashwini Kumar , S.L. Neha , Dewangan Hitesh Kumar , Sahoo Pravat Kumar
Published: October 2023

Background:

Baricitinib (BCTB) is a novel Janus Kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 inhibitor used in
the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis, approved by the “Food and Drug Administration” in 2018. It has
significant dose-dependent effectiveness and severe side effects. Thus, it is crucial to figure out its
concentration in developed dosage forms. The literature search revealed that there has only been one
UV spectroscopy technique documented up to this point. Methanol was chosen as the detection medium in this approach, which is not comparable with plasma or serum. As a result, the preliminary
research suggested developing a UV spectroscopic approach that can estimate BCTB concentration
and compare it to its concentration in the plasma or serum. Thus, in the proposed method, 7.4 pH
phosphate buffer was selected as a mobile phase.

Aim:

Using the Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) methodology, a simple, robust spectrophotometric method for the detection of BCTB in API form and Niosomes drug delivery system is designed and assessed.

Methods:

In the AQbD approach, a face-centered CCD design of Design Expert 13 software was
used to evaluate two critical method variables: scanning speed and sampling interval. The design
space suitability was confirmed by standard error and overlay plots. The 2-D contour and 3-D response surface plots were used to forecast the relationship between the response variable and predictor variables.

Results:

Baricitinib displays an absorption maximum at 249.40 nm in saline phosphate buffer pH
7.4. The distinguished linearity of the method was obtained over a concentration of 5–30 µg/ml with
a correlation coefficient (R2
) value of 0.998. BCTB % assay was found to be near 99 %. Intraday and
Interday precision were found to have % RSDs of 0.067–0.488 and 0.146–0.942, respectively.

Conclusion:

The established spectrophotometric technique was observed to be precise as per ICH
revised guidelines ICH Q2 (R1) and Q14 for analytical method validation. Our findings are instructional for the future design and development of safe and reliable therapeutic dosage forms of BCTB
for rheumatoid arthritis.
Code-switching as a marked socio-pragmatic discourse strategy in Nigerian police interrogation
Authors: Adegbite Matthew , May Alison
Published: October 2023

Police-suspect interrogation is a strategically adversarial engagement thatinvolves tactical deployment of a variety of discourse strategies. This situationbecomes more complex in a multilingual context like Nigeria where the interlocutorshave the opportunity of expressing their communicative intents in a multiplicity ofcodes. This paper focuses on the pragmatic ways code-switching (CS) is deployedby interrogators and suspects as a socio-pragmatic discourse strategy to achievetheir institutional and personal goals. We will see that CS is used persuasively, asinterrogators and suspects negotiate from positions of power and inferiority, drawingon socio-cultural norms and expectations. 30 audio-recorded interrogations at theỌ̀̀yọ́and Oǹdó state commands of the Nigeria Police form the primary data. All theinterrogations were conducted primarily in Nigerian English and the subjects were18 years or above. CriticalDiscourse Analysis and CommunicationAccommodationTheory are adopted for analysis and discussion. Findings show that code-switchingis employed with different effects for different participants: for interrogators to warn,threaten, and perform verbally aggressive acts that attack suspects’ self-worth; forsuspects to plead for mercy and to blame-shift; and for both to boost credibilityand authority, and to highlight socio-cultural shared knowledge. Swearing andcursing also take place within CS with suspects using self- and other-cursing toindicate sincerity and to try to persuade interrogators to believe their claims andwith interrogators swearing to express their commitment and determination to followthrough with a course of action. CS is, therefore, seen as a marked and strategiccommunicative alignment that is motivated by institutional and personal goals andused for persuasive purposes
You may now speak to your lawyer- When interpreters mediate judges’ information to the accused
Authors: Karrebaek Martha , Kirilova Marta , Sørensen Solvej Helleshøj
Published: October 2023

This paper concerns interpreter-mediated courtroom hearings inDenmark. Based on audio-recordings, we analyse the contributions of judgeand interpreter, and we focus on if, how and by whom the non-Danish speakingaccused is informed about the possibility to speak with a lawyer in private.Although legally trivial, this information is crucial to the accused as it concernshis/her legal rights and options. We show how the informational sequenceunfolds interactionally; we argue that the work of judge and interpreter iscollaborative; and we discuss the potential of our sociolinguistic / interactionalperspectives to inform the legal professionals. Here we are concerned witha wide-spread understanding of quality in legal interpreting. Rather thanregarding ‘quality’ as equal to ‘correct’ and ‘accurate’ translation and focusingon the work of the interpreter in isolation, we suggest that it is necessary toconsider context, aims, addressees and functions of the interpreting activity. Weargue that the interpreter’s work facilitates better understanding for the accused,and at the same time, a more streamlined courtroom interaction
Vietnam's foreign policy with ASEAN: A national interest approach (1986- 2020)
Authors: Ho Hanh Viet , Tran Mai Trang
Published: October 2023

In 1986, Vietnam initiated the Doi Moi policy, marking the onset of comprehensive reforms in economic, political, diplomatic, and societal dimensions. This reform agenda established a foreign policy framework prioritizing national interests. Amid the ever-evolving global and regional economic and political landscape, Vietnam proactively adapted to these shifts. Crafting foreign policies guided by the Party Congresses and Politburo Resolutions, Vietnam accentuated diplomatic ties with neighboring nations and the ASEAN community as paramount priorities. Notably, Vietnam's foreign strategies emanate from a rigorous consideration of national interests. This article conducts an exhaustive analysis of Vietnam's foreign policy vis-à-vis ASEAN, emphasizing the national interest approach during the years 1986 to 2021. Through rigorous examination and reliance on substantiated evidence, the author discerns that Vietnam's engagements with ASEAN are meticulously designed to safeguard primary, secondary, and shared national interests. Nevertheless, Vietnam encounters formidable challenges and complexities in its pursuit of these national interests within the ASEAN framework.
Repeated Human Exposure to Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Inhalation: Novel Protocol for a Nonrandomized Study
Authors: Reale Elena , Hopf Nancy B , Breider Florian , Grandjean Dominique , Pirard Catherine , Charlier Corinne , Koch Holger M , Berthet Aurélie , Suarez Guillaume , Borgatta Myriam
Published: October 2023

Background

Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) comprise several different chemical families used mainly as additives in many everyday products. SVOCs can be released into the air as aerosols and deposit on particulate matter during use by dispersion, evaporation, or abrasion. Phthalates are SVOCs of growing concern due to their endocrine-disrupting effects. Human data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of these compounds upon inhalation are almost nonexistent.

Objective

The goal of this study is to develop a method for repeated inhalation exposures to SVOCs to characterize their ADME in humans.

Methods

We will use diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a major indoor air pollutant, as a model SVOC in this novel protocol. The Swiss official Commission on Ethics in Human Research, Canton de Vaud, approved the study on October 14, 2020 (project-ID 2020-01095). Participants (n=10) will be repeatedly exposed (2 short daily exposures over 4 days) to isotope-labeled DEHP (DEHP-d4) to distinguish administered exposures from background exposures. DEHP-d4 aerosols will be generated with a small, portable, aerosol-generating device. Participants will inhale DEHP-d4-containing aerosols themselves with this device at home. Air concentrations of the airborne phthalates will be less than or equal to their occupational exposure limit (OEL). DEHP-d4 and its metabolites will be quantified in urine and blood before, during, and after exposure.

Results

Our developed device can generate DEHP-d4 aerosols with diameters of 2.5 μm or smaller and a mean DEHP-d4 mass of 1.4 (SD 0.2) μg per puff (n=6). As of May 2023, we have enrolled 5 participants.

Conclusions

The portable device can be used to generate phthalate aerosols for repeated exposure in human studies.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/51020
A different approach to estimate air moisture
Authors: Almanza Veloz Victor , García Reynoso José Agustín
Published: October 2023

When comparing dry and humid air densities and trying to understand which one is denser, the right answer not necessarily follows our intuition. This happens in the Environmental Engineering lectures when students are asked: Is dry or humid air denser? To understand the role of water vapor in air, a method to compute the mass mixing ratio, specific humidity and average molecular weight is presented. This set of equations is more precise than the traditional method and clarifies how water vapor influences physical properties such as air density and bulk molecular weight.
Laboratorio Creador 3D: una propuesta para enseñar, aprender y disfrutar de ciencias químicas con impresión en tres dimensiones
Authors: Garcia Elizondo Alberto , Ortiz Bautista Angel Tlacaelel , Pompa Mansilla Maura , Gimeno Miquel , Garcia-Arrazola Roeb
Published: October 2023

El presente artículo documenta la instalación, arranque y prueba piloto de un laboratorio de impresión 3D para desarrollar competencias en Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas (en inglés siglas STEM) y fortalecer la autoeficacia en estudiantes de carreras en ciencias químicas. La autoeficacia describe la creencia de una persona en su capacidad para tener éxito en una situación concreta, incluyendo el aprendizaje. Un laboratorio creador 3D es un espacio de fabricación digital de prototipos impresos en tres dimensiones que pueden materializar conceptos químicos intangibles. Consecuentemente, es un espacio que coadyuva al estudiante a construir un aprendizaje significativo y sensorialmente enriquecido al diseñar, crear, ver y manipular impresiones dentro de un ambiente de enseñanza dirigido por un profesor. El impacto de la experiencia por el laboratorio creador 3D se midió cualitativamente a través de un cuestionario validado internacionalmente sobre la confianza en habilidades STEM. La prueba se realizó antes y después de una experiencia vivencial de impresión 3D en estudiantes de tercer semestre de un laboratorio académico y en estudiantes de séptimo semestre de una asignatura teórica. Los resultados indican una mejora en la autoeficacia de competencias STEM del 60±5% y del 10±6% para el laboratorio académico y la asignatura teórica, respectivamente. En conclusión, los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la química en un laboratorio de creación 3D observaron una experiencia significativa que permitió disfrutar y fortalecer la confianza en la autogestión del conocimiento para los estudiantes.
Percepción sobre las actividades de aprendizaje desarrolladas en un curso de química general en pandemia
Authors: Maltés Pérez Oscar Humberto , Müller Parra Stefanny Carmen , Pastén Olivares Margarita de Lourdes , Cortés Osorio Joaquín , Bernal Cárdenas Arturo Amicar , Rojas Milla Erika Jacqueline , Vallejos Araya Arturo Alejandro , Peralta Müller María Alejandra , Pizarro Marín Clotilde Aurora
Published: October 2023

La pandemia de covid-19 generó diversas dificultades en la docencia universitaria e innovaciones en la didáctica de la química. Esta investigación presenta el diseño de material didáctico en base a la percepción del estudiantado en la asignatura de Química General para estudiantes de Ingeniería durante el segundo semestre de 2021. Se empleó un diseño de investigación acción participativa, a través de encuestas de percepción y grupos focales para indagar los antecedentes sociodemográficos, la satisfacción con la asignatura, la participación en clases y percepción sobre las guías de aprendizaje Armagedón. Entre los resultados principales destaca una elevada satisfacción con la asignatura y las guías de aprendizaje diseñadas, una participación baja y aspectos a mejorar en el formato de las guías de aprendizaje. Estos resultados concuerdan con la percepción positiva de otras innovaciones empleadas en asignaturas de química y permitieron la mejora continua de las guías de aprendizaje.
Dificultades en el razonamiento causal y en los conceptos utilizados para explicar el efecto Mpemba
Authors: Torres Merchan Nidia Yaneth , Solbes Jordi , Suarez Ballesteros Camilo Arturo , Casas Hinestroza José Luis
Published: October 2023

Este estudio describe el análisis de las explicaciones de estudiantes de un programa de formación docente sobre el efecto Mpemba. La experiencia se presentó en tres momentos (antes, durante y después), con la participación de  37 estudiantes de 8º semestre de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Naturales de una universidad colombiana. Se observó que los estudiantes responden al por qué y no al cómo ocurre el fenómeno y asocian sus contestaciones a flujo de calor, cinética molecular y cambio de estado del material. Lo anterior, evidencia la necesidad de practicar de razonamiento sobre mecanismos causales en química, aspecto que puede contribuir a que los estudiantes comprendan las interacciones moleculares.
Study of Measles Incidence and its Eradication: A Review
Authors: Sonkamble Mr. Sumedh Narayan , Phad Mr. Prajwal Balaji , Kharosekar Ms. Pooja Prashant , Kotmale Ms. Pooja Murari , Waghmare Ms. Pranita Waghambar , Waghmare Mr. Pradip Uddhav , Waghmare Mr. Prashant Machhindra
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Despite a decrease in global incidence, measles outbreaks continue to occur in developed countries as a result of suboptimal vaccine coverage. Currently, an important mode of measles transmission appears to be nosocomial, especially in countries where measles is largely under control. We therefore conducted a review of the literature by searching PubMed for the term "measles" plus either "nosocomial" or "hospital acquired" between 1997 (the date of the last review in the field) and 2011. The reports indicate that measles is being transmitted from patients to health care workers (HCWs) and from HCWs to patients and colleagues. Here, we explain how outbreaks of measles occurring in healthcare settings differ in some ways from cases of community transmission. We also highlight the need for all HCWs to be immunized against measles.
Fraud Detection using IBMs Differential Privacy Library
Authors: Waykar Mrunmayee
Published: October 2023

Abstract: In the year 2022, a total of 602 billion rupees were lost on bank frauds consisting of over 9103 major fraudulent cases. Due to the increasing number of frauds all around the world, it is vital to safeguard consumers' privacy. There is a prediction of a spike in cyber credit fraud in the future years. There are currently various techniques for credit card fraud detection but all the ML models have lower accuracies and cannot cope with the real-time datasets as the transaction data is extremely confidential. To address this issue we have used differential privacy for fraud detection. Differential privacy helps researchers to gain sensitive information about individuals without compromising their privacy. IBM provides a library: Diffprivlib, for exploring, researching and developing applications in Differential Privacy. In this paper, we have experimented with the impact of differential privacy on a sample dataset using various machine-learning models. With a comparative study of the algorithms, we propose that Isolation Forest has the highest accuracy. It can be added to the diffprivlib library since the library is open source and Isolation Forest does not exist in the library till date. Furthermore, we have built a system to predict fraudulent transactions.
The Role of Forensic Evidence in Criminal Investigations in India
Authors: Chawla Mr. Dharmendra Satyanarayan
Published: October 2023

Forensic evidence, an indispensable facet of modern criminal investigations, stands as a beacon guiding the pursuit of truth and justice within the Indian legal landscape1 . This research seeks to elucidate the critical role of forensic evidence in criminal investigations, underscoring its profound impact on the administration of justice.
Synergetic paradigm of the global world
Authors: Dobrenkov V. I.
Published: October 2023

All sociological paradigms are based on the existing picture of the world, which determines them through cognitive models. Thus, the Darwinian evolutionism and dialectical materialism that developed in the last century were mainly based on four cognitive models: scholastic (nature and society as texts), mechanistic (nature and society as machines), statistical (nature and society as balances of average values) and systemic (nature and society as organisms). Contemporary sociological paradigms - of social facts, social behavior, social definitions and determinism - are also based on these cognitive models; however, today social processes go beyond these cognitive models, and there is a growing interest in an interdisciplinary approach called ‘synergetics’ (1). The synergetic approach uses such concepts as ‘order’, ‘chaos’, ‘nonlinearity’, ‘uncertainty’, ‘instability’, ‘dissipative structures’, ‘bifurcation’, ‘attractor’ and etc. Synergetics studies the general laws of self-organization, stability and destruction of ordered structures in complex systems of various nature; it is a theory of self-organization and development of open systems of any origin [6]. The synergetic style of scientific thinking presupposes a probabilistic vision of the world, which developed in the 19th century. Synergetics contributes to the formation of a new type of scientific thinking - post-non-classical, to the inclusion of humanistic and axiological parameters in scientific research and to the development of non-linear thinking, proving the inadequacy of the model of consistent and gradual cumulative development. The new sociological paradigm should accept the idea of synergetics about the interconnectedness of epistemology and ontology, i.e. the idea that the cognitive activity of the subject changes reality: the very choice of the object, conceptual scheme, methods and the use of the results obtained forms, changes and destroys the ontological basis; therefore, the researcher is responsible for the world that he creates and reforms.
Russians’ ideas of heroes and heroism: Stable and changing components (based on the public opinion polls)
Authors: Trotsuk I. V. , Subbotina M. V.
Published: October 2023

Despite an extensive list of the well-described aspects of heroism, this phenomenon is still understudied in sociology. Most of the projects and publications focus on identifying ‘heroes’ in public opinion or media discourse rather than on explaining why communities/societies ‘appoint’ some people heroes, and what is the conventional meaning of the word ‘hero’. Society has always paid close attention to the so-called ‘outstanding personalities’: there are official and folk heroes in all cultures, and they have always served as a kind of reference group for decision-making and self-identification. Moreover, specific types of heroes serve as one of the cultural system’s means for (self) representation: the most typical hero is often directly related to the society’s ethical complex. The authors systematize the sociologically relevant interpretations of the words ‘hero’ and ‘heroism’ together with the typologies of heroic behavior and identify the contemporary trends in the empirical study of heroism, which are certainly sociological surveys. The second part of the article presents the results of the all-Russian online survey representing four age groups: 14-19-year-olds, 20-29, 30-49 and 50-69 (N=800, 200 respondents per each age group). The survey aimed at identifying and comparing the ideas of different Russian generations about heroes and heroism. Two surveys were conducted - in 2020 and 2022, and the authors focus on the changes in the social representations of the heroic. In general, the older generation names the hero-rescuer and the hero-warrior as the main heroic types, while the younger generation prefers the hero-rescuer and the hero-good-doer. In 2022, respondents were less willing to answer questions about heroes and heroism, especially about manifestations of military heroism, but key social representations of the heroic did not change.
Social functions of mentors for graduates of orphanages (on the example of Novosibirsk)
Authors: Popov E. A.
Published: October 2023

The study of the phenomenon of mentoring is determined by challenges in the social existence of individuals and groups that find themselves in a difficult life situation. The article focuses on the graduates of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care, who face adaptive, social and social-cultural difficulties after leaving the orphanage, and in this situation the role of mentors is crucial. Based on the semi-structured interviews with mentors (N = 17) and graduates (N = 15) of orphanages in Novosibirsk, the author identifies social functions of mentors and the graduates’ attitude to them. Novosibirsk was chosen as the first city in Russia, in which mentoring system for graduates of orphanages was tested. The article focuses on the social functions of mentors based on the idea that the social function is an effective means for achieving goals that are significant for society or its groups. The following social functions of mentors were identified: socializing, social-communicative and social-cultural. These functions allow to define mentoring not only as a pedagogical phenomenon, but also as a social practice that determines the interaction of representatives of different social groups/communities. Such interaction is purposeful, reflects the completeness of the subjects’ life worlds and their value orientations, forms meaningful attitudes and improves the quality of life in general. The study showed that the interaction between mentors and graduates is positive and contributes to the improvement of the graduates’ social life. The author identifies the key markers of the mentors’ attitude to the social practices of the orphanage, their estimates of its role in the formation of personality and value orientations. The approach presented in the article allows to consider mentoring as an important factor of socialization.
The West, Russia and China: Inheritance systems and ways of economic development
Authors: Dorokhina O. V. , Sinelnikov A. B. , Barkov S. A.
Published: October 2023

The current confrontation between Russia-China and the West requires a study of civilizational differences that determine national identities and attitudes towards social-economic values. This confrontation has deep cultural roots; thus, the Russian-Western intense rivalry in the 18th - 19th centuries was based on different perceptions of social reality, different value orientations and priorities in economy, politics and other spheres. Sociologists and social philosophers have studied factors that determined civilizational differences between non-Western and Western societies, namely the Russian world and the Anglo-Saxon world for decades, emphasizing their confessional differences, fundamentally divergent geopolitical interests, opposite political systems and so on. In the social-economic perspective, property rights are a significant basis of civilizational differences. The West has always considered its clear stand on property rights as the only possible. However, this position can be based on either economic considerations or moral criteria. Such differences are reflected in inheritance systems, although sociologists rarely focus on them. The division between heirs in equal parts complies with the moral standards of our society and is known as the path of ‘communal good’. Another way is to transfer the greater part of property to one member of the family in order to avoid its fragmentation, which is reasonable in the economic perspective but not always morally acceptable; this is the path known as ‘rational evil’. Thus, inheritance systems are among the most crucial civilizational differences between Russia and the West. The civilizational analysis is fundamentally important under the current confrontation between the West and Russia- China, and the position on private property and inheritance system determines civilizational differences. In Western Europe, the right of primogeniture was in force for a long time, and its cruel laws dictated that all real estate and most of the other property was inherited by the eldest son. This rule contributed to the earlу development of capitalism based on wage labor. On the contrary, in Russia, China and many other non-Western countries, the inheritance was divided among all children. Although it was disadvantageous for the social-economic development, it did not contradict conventional moral standards and did not destroy family relationships. In post-industrial societies, the institutional context has radically changed and the division of property among relatives does not
GAMBARAN KEJADIAN ABORTUS DI RSUD RADEN MATTAHER JAMBI TAHUN 2020
Authors: Azzahra Chelsa Tama , Andriahta Zul , Enis Rina Nofri
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Abortion is a threat or expulsion of the products of conception before the fetus can live outside the womb for less than 20 weeks or the fetus weighs less than 500 grams. Several risk factors that influence the incidence of abortion include age, parity, occupation, history of abortion, smoking, and alcohol. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of abortion in RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi. This research is descriptive research. The characteristics of aborted patients include pregnant women aged 20-35 years, mothers with multiparity parity status, mothers' occupations as housewives, mothers without a history of previous abortions, mothers who do not smoke, and mothers who do not drink alcohol.

Keywords: Incident, Abortion

 

ABSTRAK

Abortus adalah ancaman atau pengeluaran hasil konsepsi sebelum janin dapat hidup di luar kandungan kurang dari 20 minggu atau berat janin kurang dari 500 gram. Beberapa faktor resiko yang mempengaruhi kejadian abortus antara lain usia, paritas, pekerjaan, riwayat abortus, merokok, dan alkohol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian abortus di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif.  Karakteristik pasien abortus antara lain ibu hamil usia 20-35 tahun, ibu dengan status paritas multipara, pekerjaan ibu sebagai ibu rumah tangga, ibu tanpa riwayat abortus sebelumnya, ibu yang tidak merokok dan ibu yang tidak minum alkohol.

Kata Kunci : Kejadian, Abortus
HUBUNGAN HASIL PEMERIKSAAN NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO (NLR) DENGAN DERAJAT KEPARAHAN COVID-19 DI RSUD H. ABDUL MANAP JAMBI TAHUN 2021
Authors: Fadhila Etina , Kostradi Donny , Istarini Attiya
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was initially found in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Simple hematology laboratory tests such as Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) measurements are used to describe the prognosis of patients in various clinical circumstances. This study aims to describe the correlation between NLR test results with the severity degree of COVID-19 patients without pregnancy and comorbid in RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi from January to December 2021. Methods: The research used a retrospective cross-sectional method. NLR data were collected from medical records and laboratory tests of COVID-19 patients. The Spearman test was used for bivariate analysis. Results: There were 38 samples in this study, with the majority of the patient with NLR <3,13 (58%) and patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 severity (39,5%). Based on the statistical test between NLR and COVID-19, the severity degree gets p-value= = 0,001 with r-correlation= = 0,829. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a strong correlation between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) with Covid-19 severity degree patients without pregnancy and comorbid in RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi from January to December 2021.

Keywords: COVID-19, NLR, Severity Degree, Characteristic

 

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan, provinsi Hubei, China pada Desember 2019. Pemeriksaan laboratorium Hematologi sederhana seperti pengukuran Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) dapat digunakan sebagai faktor untuk menentukan prognosis pasien COVID-19 dalam berbagai kondisi klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan hasil pemeriksaan Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) dengan derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19 tanpa kehamilan dan komorbid di RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi pada bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2021. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode retrospective cross sectional dengan melihat data rekam medis dan pemeriksaan laboratorium pasien COVID-19. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Spearman. Hasil: Dari 38 sampel penelitian, persentase terbanyak sampel adalah pasien dengan hasil perhitungan NLR <3,13 (58%) dan pasien dengan derajat keparahan COVID-19 ringan dan sedang (39,5%). Berdasarkan uji statistik diperoleh p-value <0,001 dan r-korelasi adalah 0,829. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan sangat kuat antara hasil pemeriksaan Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) dengan derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19 tanpa kehamilan dan komorbid di RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi pada bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2021.

Kata Kunci : COVID-19, NLR, Derajat Keparahan, Karakteristik
The Birth of Algorithmic Aspirational Control
Authors:   , Nyman Stig Strandbæk
Published: October 2023

This dissertation coins the term algorithmic aspirational control (AAC) to describe an emergent configuration of algorithmic control. In this class of algorithmic management systems, computer-programmed procedures direct workers toward organizational goals through prompts, personal productivity dashboards, targeted algorithmic recommendations, and other forms of digital nudging. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s analytical strategy of analyzing the process of problematization, the dissertation asks what assumptions and dilemmas emerge as managers attempt to control workers through digital productivity nudges. The dissertation offers a twofold contribution: First, it maps the philosophical and ethical worldviews underpinning the design and use of AAC systems from the archival material of Microsoft’s MyAnalytics application and the evolution of managerial thought. The analytical work shows that while AAC systems are packaged as a means of enhancing the productivity and well-being of workers, AAC systems are also committed to an individualization of the challenges of contemporary work life. Thus, while AAC systems can support workers, they also introduce simultaneous risks of obscuring systematic work arrangement issues and potential conflicts of interest between workers and their employers. Second, this dissertation conceptualizes an analytical strategy for conducting historically oriented problematization research on information systems (IS). The approach offers guidance on how IS researchers can draw upon archival material to map the conditions of possibility for contemporary digital technologies and practices, opening up spaces for renewed curiosity, refusal, and reconfiguration.
Treatment of a Child with Thumb Sucking Habit and Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization: A Case Report
Authors: Iranparvar Parastoo , Sadeghian Ali , Afzali Zeynab , Erfanparast Leyla , Taheri Anita
Published: October 2023

This report discusses the treatment of a nine-year-old thumb-sucker with
severe Molar-incisor hypomineralization. The treatment plan included
restorative and orthodontic treatments. A removable maxillary expansion
appliance including a palatal crib was designed to quit the habit and
expand the palate. Mandibular lip bumper was also used for
anteroposterior expansion.
Assessment and evaluation of prescribing competences: a systematic review and recommendations
Authors: Lou Zhengzhao , Hu Jingyu , Ni Chuanfa , Wang Xiu , Hu Jinbo
Published: October 2023

The electrophilic addition to an alkene with an electrophile has been
widely studied and applied in organic synthesis. The organic chemistry
textbook describes the classical reaction between an alkene and an
iodine electrophile (such as elemental iodine and N-iodosuccinimide
(NIS)) as a typical ionic reaction, in which an iodonium ion is formed
and then attacked by a nucleophile. However, in this article, we report
a new and unusual reaction mode between an alkene and NIS; that is, a
single electron transfer (SET) process occurs between these two
reactants by forming an electron-donor acceptor complex. Not only does
this unusual single electron transfer reaction between an alkene and NIS
add fundamentally important knowledge to organic chemistry, it also
provides a valuable synthetic method as the new SET reaction mode with
opposite regioselectivity as compared with the traditional ionic mode.
COMBINED HEPATOCHOLANGIOCARCINOMA: UNRESOLVED POINTS. Minireview.
Authors: guanqiao sang , qin xulei , cao lei , li qingkun , jiang renjie , wei yanzhao , li junfeng , yao jaixin , zhang meihe , Zhang Qingzhu , Yin Huaxiang
Published: October 2023

In this paper, in order to improve the performance and reduce leakage of
bulk low-temperature multi-layer SiGe/Si superlattice (SL) FinFETs, a
p-type omage-shaped-channel (’Ω’-channel) SL FinFETs is realized by
etching Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 triple-layer stacked structure in replace metal
gate (RMG) module on the SOI substrate. In addition, a self-allied
Ni0.9Pt0.1 silicide process and a low-thermal budget (≤ 400℃)
integration were carried out on the ‘Ω’-channel SL FinFETs. The results
demonstrate that the on-state current (Ion) is increased by 5.5 times
(from 78 μA/μm to 429 μA/μm) and the Ioff decreases by 78.8% (from 5.2
× 10-3 μA/μm to 1.1 × 10-3 μA/μm) compared with those of traditional
bulk SL FinFETs.
Co-designing a model of care for adults living with Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes
Authors: Kumar Shanal , Pallin Michael , Soldatos Georgia
Published: October 2023

Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) related diabetes affects up to
half of all adults with CF and is associated with higher morbidity and
mortality. Our aim is to co-design an ideal model of care that
integrates diabetes technology and better meets the needs of adults
living with the condition to improve attendance, engagement, service
satisfaction and clinical outcomes. Methods Using qualitative
research methods, we evaluated disease perceptions, barriers and
enablers to optimal CF-related diabetes management and service delivery.
Integration of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was also explored. An
initial broad purposive consumer survey was followed by focus groups
with end-users. Grounded theory approach was utilized with major
problem-areas identified then explored, coded and grouped into
requisites for an ‘ideal model of care’ for adults living with
CF-related diabetes. Results Two key themes emerged i) CGM was
acceptable for use in adults with CF-related diabetes with many
perceived benefits and should be integrated into the model of care, ii)
an ideal model of care consisted of a dual-specialty service co-led by
endocrinology and CF physicians and supported by diabetes nurse educator
and CF dietitian with a goal to provide consistent and personalized
diabetes management. Barriers to optimizing glycaemic control included
diet, finger-prick testing, reduced access to CGM and pulmonary
exacerbations. End-user feedback on CGM was overwhelmingly positive with
regards to user operability. CGM was also identified as a tool that
could be used to engage, educate and empower adults living with
CF-related diabetes and facilitate constructive and personalized
clinical decision-making by healthcare providers. Conclusion
For adults living with CF, a diagnosis of diabetes is associated with
increased treatment burden. End-users agreed CGM had many benefits and
should be integrated into an ‘ideal model of care’ for CF-related
diabetes that was co-led by endocrinology services integrated within a
pre-existing CF service.
Increasing Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use for Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic People With Type 1 Diabetes: Results From the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative Equity Study
Authors: Odugbesan Ori , Mungmode Ann , Rioles Nicole , Buckingham Don , Nelson Grace , Agarwal Shivani , Grant Amy , Wright Trevon , Hess Emilie , Ebekozien Osagie
Published: October 2023

Despite the benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), there is lower use of this technology among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic people with type 1 diabetes compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. The T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative recruited five endocrinology centers to pilot an equity-focused quality improvement (QI) study to reduce racial inequities in CGM use. The centers used rapid QI cycles to test and expand interventions such as provider bias training, translation of CGM materials, provision of CGM education in multiple languages, screening for social determinants of health, and shared decision-making. After implementation of these interventions, median CGM use increased by 7% in non-Hispanic White, 12% in non-Hispanic Black, and 15% in Hispanic people with type 1 diabetes. The gap between non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black patients decreased by 5%, and the gap between non-Hispanic White and Hispanic patients decreased by 8%.
The role of the headline in the journalistic portrait materials in the regional press of the late twentieth century (by Arkhangelsk regional newspaper “Pravda Severa”)
Authors: Незговоров С.В.
Published: October 2023

В статье рассматривается роль и функции заголовка в текстах журналистских материалов рубрики «Твои люди, Север» архангельской областной газеты «Правда Севера» в период 70–90 годов ХХ века. Заголовки характеризуются с точки зрения их структуры и семантики, рассматриваются особенности взаимодействия заголовков с текстами.

The article examines the role and functions of the headline in the texts of journalistic materials of the rubric “Your people, the North” of Arkhangelsk regional newspaper “Pravda Severa” in the period of 70–90 years of the twentieth century. The headlines are characterized from the point of view of their structure and semantics; the features of the interaction between headlines and texts are considered.
Metasystem approach to the structural-level analysis of language competence
Authors: Карпов Анатолий Викторович , Чернов Дмитрий Николаевич
Published: October 2023

Рассмотрена структурно-уровневая организация языковой компетентности как психолого-педагогического феномена с точки зрения метасистемного подхода. Выявлены пять несводимых друг к другу уровней системы языковой компетентности. Эмпирическая верификация концептуальной модели проведена на выборке учащихся второго класса общеобразовательной школы. Методический инструментарий составили широко используемые в психолого-педагогической практике тесты речевого развития, а также авторская методика изучения особенностей знания языка при оперировании квазиязыковыми конструкциями. Также применены методы беседы, наблюдения и экспертной оценки. Исследование подтвердило теоретические предположения о динамическом характере перестроек структурно-уровневой организации системы языковой компетентности в зависимости от степени ее сформированности. Полученные результаты имеют значение для уточнения цели, задач и методов обучения языку и психолого-педагогического сопровождения этого процесса в современных условиях.

The paper considers the structural-level organization of language competence as a psychologicalpedagogical phenomenon from the point of view of the metasystem approach. Five levels of the language competence system are not reducible to each other: metasystem, system-wide, subsystem, component and element levels. The content of the meta-system level of the language competence system is determined. It consists of an integral language ability, consisting of subsystems: communicative, lexical-semantic, grammatical and regulatory subsystems. From a psychological point of view the most important is the regulatory subsystem, which is an activity invariant of self-regulatory processes. The structure of the meta-system level gets its concrete implementation in the underlying levels of the system in the form of ways of operating with language knowledge: language reflection, sense of language (language intuition) and language skills. Empirical verification of the conceptual model was carried out on a sample of junior schoolchildren. The methodical tools were made up of tests of language development widely used in psychological and pedagogical practice, as well as the author’s method for studying the peculiarities of language knowledge when operating quasi-linguistic constructions. The methods of conversation, structured observation and expert assessment are also applied. The study confirmed the theoretical assumptions about the dynamic nature of the restructuring of the structural-level organization of the system of language competence, depending on the degree of its formation. The results are important for clarifying the purposes and methods of language teaching and psychological-pedagogical support of this process in modern conditions.
Immediate Surgical Obturator Prosthesis: Case Report
Authors: Rimaoui Sanaa , El Assraoui Khadija , Bellemkhannate Samira
Published: October 2023

Resection of the maxilla often results in severe functional, aesthetic, and psychological sequelae. This loss of substance creates breaches that can extend throughout the palatal vault, affecting the maxillary sinus, the nasal cavities, the floor of the orbit, and even the orbital cavities.
The prosthetic management of these patients is in fact a complex task involving several immediate, secondary, and definitive stages. The transition from one stage to the next depends on a number of factors, including the post-surgical follow-up and the stage of healing.
This article discusses, through a case report, the importance of the immediate obturator in preventing post-operative complications and its role in protecting the surgical site during the initial healing period.
State of Adult Student Re-Entry
Authors: Malhotra Naveen , Apicerno Amy
Published: October 2023

Many smaller colleges and universities are experiencing a drop in traditional-age student enrollments. Higher education costs, as evidenced by enormous student loans, a smaller cohort of 18–22-year-olds, and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to fewer traditional students attending. Smaller institutions tend to have lower endowment funding and rely primarily on tuition revenue. Due to sheer necessity, higher education institutions are interested in recruiting and retaining adult students. On a per capita basis, adult students yield more net revenue than traditional-age students as they do not require all amenities offered to their younger cohort. Colleges find attracting earlier drop-outs cost-effective rather than seeking new adult students. Various factors determine when and where adult student re-entry occurs, including timing, funding, institution reputation, opinion of their network, and intended career outcomes. This qualitative phenomenological study utilized a focus group to explore adult students’ experience returning to complete their diplomas. The research question guiding the study is: What influences adult students to return to complete their bachelor’s degrees at a specific time and institution? Understanding the re-entry phenomenon is pertinent to aid practitioners’ preparation in enrolling and retaining adult learners to benefit the student’s future and institution’s retention rates and fiscal health.
Assessment of Risk Factors for Hypertension amongst the Staff of a Tertiary Institution in Nigeria
Authors: Nwoga Hope Obiageli
Published: October 2023

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors for hypertension amongst the staff of a tertiary institution in Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: All consenting staff of College of basic and clinical medical sciences of the Enugu State University College of Medicine participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the background characteristics and risk factors for hypertension. The weight and height measures were used to calculate the BMI of the participants. A systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg according to the guidelines from American Heart Association were classified as hypertension.
Results: Majority of the staff (62.1%) were not aware of their blood pressure value. About 29.3% have a family history of hypertension, 17.9% are diabetic, 27.9% takes alcohol, 9.3% take tobacco, 20.0% exercises while 20.0% add salt to cooked food. Family history of hypertension, intake of alcohol and exercise were significant risk factors associated with hypertension. On logistic regression exercise [AOR = 0.119; CI = (0.030–0.481)] and family history of hypertension [AOR = 3.932; CI = (1.485–10.413)] positively predicted hypertension among the participants.
Conclusion: The study revealed that both non modifiable (family history of hypertension) and modifiable risk factors (intake of alcohol and exercise) were significant risk factors for hypertension in the studied population. Hence, awareness should be directed to both areas.
Modern Aspects of Suppositories: A Review
Authors: Kumar Aman , Kolay Arindam , Havelikar Ujwal
Published: October 2023

Suppositories are an underutilized dosage form. Suppositories are such types of dosage forms used to provide medication via the vaginal and rectal routes. Vaginal suppositories are commonly referred to as pessaries. It was developed from a formulation called Liquid Enema. Enema has a great disadvantage in that, it used to leak out of the cavity in which they were put. So, this led to the discovery of suppositories as an alternative method of medication. Suppositories can be described as semi-solid dose forms utilized to provide medications for therapeutic action via rectal, vaginal, or urethral routes, where they will melt or dissolve and deliver localized or systemic impact. It is composed of cocoa butter, PEG, and fatty base (and a few others) as main ingredients, and it comes in different shapes and sizes.
Although suppositories were formulated it was not that stable inside the orifices and also used to draw out of it. So, in order to overcome the problem of leaking, researchers added some mucoadhesive substance to improve its stability. From here onward improvement in the suppositories started as an alternative medication other than oral dosage form. The current article aimed to fabricate descriptive information about the advancement of suppositories. These advancements are Bi-layered Suppositories, Homogeneous Plain Suppositories, Hollow Suppositories, Effervescent Suppositories, Gel suppositories, Sustained Release Suppositories, etc.