bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambientes de montaña: experiencia de desarrollo endógeno y agricultura en la Región Serrana de Distrito de Río de Janeiro (Brasil)
Authors: Linhares de Assis Renato , Yunes Antônio Gerson José , De Aquino Adriana Maria
Published: July 2020

Los ambientes de montaña son importantes espacios de socialización y desarrollo de actividades agrícolas que impactan el ambiente. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar estrategias de una agricultura de montaña sostenible, experimentada en el municipio de Nova Friburgo, Río de Janeiro, Brasil. La referencia metodológica es el trabajo desarrollado, especialmente en los últimos 10 años, por la investigación y extensión rural, junto a las familias de agricultores familiares. El artículo muestra que con la participación social activa es posible convivir en armonía con la naturaleza, promoviendo la conservación de los recursos naturales, especialmente en ambientes frágiles, como los de montaña.
Especies de alternaria asociadas a cultivos de manzana y pera en la Región del Alto Valle del Río Negro, Argentina
Authors: Benavides Rozo Martha Elizabeth , Fernandez Pinto Virginia , Pose Graciela
Published: July 2020

El género fúngico Alternaria contienez especies tanto saprofitas como patógenas. Como patógenos de las plantas, causan serios problemas en la agricultura, reduciendo el rendimiento del cultivo y deteriorando frutos en el almacenamiento. Las especies de este género también pueden ser micotoxicogénicas, capaces de colonizar los cultivos y acumular en los productos infectados, metabolitos secundarios que pueden afectar la salud humana y/o animal. En el presente trabajo, se muestrearon frutos de manzano (Malus domestica) y pera (Pyrus comunnis) en tres localidades del Alto Valle del río Negro (Cipolletti, General Roca y Villa Regina), a fin de determinar la presencia de especies del género Alternaria asociadas a estos cultivos en la región. Se obtuvieron un total de 267 aislamientos pertenecientes al género Alternaria. Los mismos fueron identificados por sus características morfológicas (Simmons, 2007) como iguales o similares a Alternaria tenuissima, en mayor proporción (85 %). También, fueron identificadas A. mali y A. gaisen, especies hospedador-específicas de manzana y pera, respectivamente. La importancia del presente estudio radica en que permite considerar el riesgo a la sanidad de los cultivos locales a causa de este pátogeno, y evaluar la posibilidad de la presencia de micotoxinas en frutos infectados, que pudiendo alcanzar la cadena de producción, sería un riesgo a la salud del consumidor.
An Interview with The Fashion Studies Journal
Authors: Marcus Jaclyn
Published: July 2020

The following article is built on an interview with two of the co-founders of The Fashion Studies Journal (FSJ), Lauren Downing Peters, Editor-in-Chief, and Laura Snelgrove, Editor-at Large. The interview was conducted and article was written by the editorial assistant at Fashion Studies, and is the first step towards creating a collaborative partnership between the two publications. FSJ began in 2012 as a traditional academic outlet and was relaunched in 2016 as an online journal, with a focus on taking a thoughtful approach to fashion from a range of perspectives while representing diverse voices. Meanwhile, in 2017 Fashion Studies launched as the first open-access journal in the transdisciplinary field of fashion studies, celebrating work that is focused on refashioning the world into a more equitable, just, and inclusive place. Connected through their similar journal names, the two publications soon realized that there were endless ways they could work together to further the field of fashion studies. In particular, the journals are united through their shared values of taking a critical approach to fashion, making fashion studies accessible, and building a fashion studies community. What follows are excerpts from the interview conducted between Fashion Studies and FSJ. Topics include how FSJ began, why the study of fashion is important, and advice for others hoping to establish themselves within the field.
Reintegráció egy megyei házban
Authors: Hafenscher Csaba Zoltán
Published: July 2020

The author provides an overview of recent developments in Hungarian criminal justice reintegration law and policies.
Imaging and Spectral Study on the Null Point of a Fan-spine Structure During a Solar Flare
Authors: Yang Shuhong , Zhang Qingmin , Xu Zhi , Zhang Jun , Zhong Ze , Guo Yang
Published: July 2020

Using the multi-instrument observations, we make the first simultaneous imaging and spectral study on the null point of a fan-spine magnetic topology during a solar flare. When magnetic reconnection occurs at the null point, the fan-spine configuration brightens in the (extreme-)ultraviolet channels. In the Hα images, the fan-spine structure is partly filled and outlined by the bidirectional material flows ejected from the reconnection site. The extrapolated coronal magnetic field confirms the existence of the fan-spine topology. Before and after the flare peak, the total velocity of the outflows is estimated to be about 60 km s−1. During the flare, the Si iv line profile at the reconnection region is enhanced both in the blue-wing and red-wing. At the flare peak time, the total velocity of the outflows is found to be 144 km s−1. Superposed on the Si iv profile, there are several deep absorption lines with the blueshift of several tens of km s−1. The reason is inferred to be that the bright reconnection region observed in Si iv channel is located under the cooler material appearing as dark features in the Hα line. The blueshifted absorption lines indicate the movement of the cooler material toward the observer. The depth of the absorption lines also depends on the amount of cooler material. These results imply that these kinds of spectral profiles can be used as a tool to diagnose the properties of cooler material above the reconnection site.
Catalog of Solar Failed Eruptions and Other Dynamic Features Registered by SDO/AIA
Authors: Mrozek Tomasz , Kołomański Sylwester , Stęślicki Marek , Gronkiewicz Dominik
Published: July 2020

In this paper we present our attempt to constrain the first catalog of solar failed eruptions. We used our automatic algorithm that is able to search for dynamic features in the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) database. We ran the algorithm on the entire SDO/AIA 171 Å data set. For the time interval from 2010 May 20 to 2019 May 20 we found 12,192 dynamic events. The dynamic events were classified in three groups. Apart from failed eruptions (1214) we obtained a large group of successful eruptions (2064) and other dynamic events (8914). The automatic algorithm enabled us to collect several observational characteristics, which are provided in files that may be downloaded from the catalog web page. In this paper we present the methodology of catalog preparation and preliminary results of the statistical analysis of observational characteristics obtained by the automatic algorithm.
Detectability of Molecular Signatures on TRAPPIST-1e through Transmission Spectroscopy Simulated for Future Space-based Observatories
Authors: Pidhorodetska Daria , Fauchez Thomas J. , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Domagal-Goldman Shawn D. , Kopparapu Ravi K.
Published: July 2020

Discoveries of terrestrial, Earth-sized exoplanets that lie within the habitable zone (HZ) of their host stars continue to occur at increasing rates. Transit spectroscopy can potentially enable the detection of molecular signatures from such worlds, providing an indication of the presence of an atmosphere and its chemical composition, including gases potentially indicative of a biosphere. Such planets around nearby M-dwarf stars—such as TRAPPIST-1—provide a relatively good signal, high signal-to-noise ratio, and frequent transits for follow-up spectroscopy. However, even with these advantages, transit spectroscopy of terrestrial planets in the HZ of nearby M-stars will still be a challenge. Herein, we examine the potential for future space observatories to conduct such observations, using a global climate model, a photochemical model, and a radiative transfer suite to simulate modern-Earth-like atmospheric boundary conditions on TRAPPIST-1e. The detectability of biosignatures on such an atmosphere via transmission spectroscopy is modeled for various instruments of the James Webb Space Telescope, Large UV/Optical/Infrared Surveyor, Habitable Exoplanet Observatory, and Origins. We show that only CO2 at 4.3 μm would be detectable at the >5σ level in transmission spectroscopy, when clouds are included in our simulations. This is because the impact of clouds on scale height strongly limits the detectability of molecules in the atmosphere. Synergies between space- and ground-based spectroscopy may be essential in order to overcome these difficulties.
When “Boring” Stars Flare: The Ultraviolet Activity of GJ 887, a Bright M Star Hosting Newly Discovered Planets*
Authors: Loyd R. O. Parke , Shkolnik Evgenya L. , France Kevin , Wood Brian E. , Youngblood Allison
Published: July 2020

GJ 887 has been spotlighted for the apparently gentle space environment it provides to its recently discovered planets. In 27 days of optical monitoring by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), the star exhibited no detectable flares. Ultraviolet observations reveal a different story. Two high-contrast flares occurred in just 2.8 hr of far-ultraviolet monitoring by the Hubble Space Telescope. Solar scalings indicate these flares were X-class or larger events, generally associated with coronal mass ejections on the Sun. Hundreds of events of equal or greater energy likely occurred during the TESS monitoring, but produced optical contrasts too small to be detected. Strong yet optically undetectable ultraviolet flares like these could dominate the high energy emission of all M stars throughout their lives, impacting the photochemistry and erosion of atmospheres on orbiting planets.
Historical Perspectives on the Concept of Galaxy Size
Authors: Chamba Nushkia
Published: July 2020

A brief narrative on how the effective radius and isophotal diameters were accepted as galaxy size measures is presented. Evidence suggests that these parameters were defined only based on observational premises, independent of any astrophysical theories. An alternative, new physically motivated size definition based on the expected gas density threshold required for star formation in galaxies is proposed. The intrinsic scatter of the size–stellar mass relation using the new size measure is 0.06 dex, three times smaller than that of the relation with the effective radius as size. The new physically motivated size measure can be adopted in upcoming deep, wide imaging surveys.
Spatio-temporal Variation of Bright Ephemeral Features on Titan’s North Pole
Authors: Dhingra Rajani D. , Barnes Jason W. , Heslar Michael F. , Brown Robert H. , Buratti Bonnie J. , Sotin Christophe , Soderblom Jason M. , Rodriguez Sebastien , Mouélic Stéphane Le , Nicholson Philip D. , Baines Kevin H. , Clark Roger N. , Jaumann Ralf
Published: July 2020

We identify and document the instances of bright ephemeral features (BEF)—bright areas that appear, disappear, and shift from flyby to flyby on Titan’s north pole, using the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer data set, thereby developing a sense of their spatial distribution and temporal frequency. We find that BEFs have differing geographic location and spatial extents. However, they have similar observation geometries and orders of surface area coverage and are mostly accompanied by specular reflections. We find the BEFs to represent either broad specular reflection off of a recently wetted surface on the north pole of Titan or a near-surface fog—both owing to probable recent rainfalls. Our surface model constrains the surface roughness to be of 9°–15° indicating the approximate vertical relief of the region to be that of cobbles. We also find that within less than two Titan days the BEF (if on the surface) might infiltrate into the subsurface. We hypothesize the parts of BEFs that extend into the maria to be precipitation fog.
Regional Employment and Occupational Morbidity Indicators in Western Kazakhstan
Authors: Shaimbetov Zhangeldy , Satybaldieva Umit , Mamyrbayev Arstan
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: The article deals with regional employment and occupational morbidity indicators in Western Kazakhstan.
AIM: The purpose is to study the employment indicators in hazardous working conditions and the dynamics of occupational morbidity in the West Kazakhstan region for the period 2013–2017.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Materials obtained from the Public Health Departments of the Aktobe, Atyrau, West Kazakhstan, and Mangystau regions were studied based on the results of periodic medical examinations of workers employed in hazardous working conditions for the period 2013–2017. The indicators of the dynamics of occupational morbidity in the region are derived from the annual reports of the West Kazakhstan branch of the RSE at the National Hygiene Center for Occupation and Occupational Diseases of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 2013–2017.
RESULTS: The Atyrau, West Kazakhstan, and Mangystau regions saw an annual increase in the number of workers employed in hazardous production. In the Aktobe region, the number of people employed in hazardous working conditions decreased due to the decline in industrial production. There is a positive trend in this region to identify occupational diseases. In the Atyrau, West Kazakhstan, and Mangystau regions, the occupational morbidity rate is close to zero.
CONCLUSION: It is necessary to revise the existing orders of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan concerning the improvement of the occupational health service.
Description of a new genus and three new species of the family Palpimanidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Kenya
Authors: Oketch Ambata D. , Zonstein Sergei , Kioko Esther N. , Li Shuqiang
Published: July 2020

A new genus and three new species of the spider family Palpimanidae Thorell, 1870 from Kenya are described. Sceliscelis Oketch & Li, gen. nov. is close to Sarascelis Simon, 1887 and Scelidocteus Simon, 1907 but differs in the structure of the male palp. The new species reported are Sceliscelis marshi Oketch & Li, sp. nov., Scelidocteus taitave Oketch & Li, sp. nov., and Hybosida machondogo Oketch & Li, sp. nov.Sceliscelis marshisp. nov. is described from males and females collected from Tsavo in south Kenya. Scelidocteus taitavesp. nov. can be distinguished from other congeners, as well as from the morphologically similar Scelidomachus socotranus Pocock, 1899, by the shape of the palpal “conductor”. Hybosida machondogosp. nov. differs from other six-eyed Hybosida spp. by possessing rudimentary posterior median eyes.
The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: contribution to the knowledge on DNA barcodes of Iberian Plecoptera
Authors: Ferreira Sonia , Tierno de Figueroa José Manuel , Martins Filipa , Verissimo Joana , Quaglietta Lorenzo , Grosso-Silva José Manuel , Lopes Pedro , Sousa Pedro , Paupério Joana , Fonseca Nuno , Beja Pedro
Published: July 2020

The use of DNA barcoding allows unprecedented advances in biodiversity assessments and monitoring schemes of freshwater ecosystems; nevertheless, it requires the construction of comprehensive reference collections of DNA sequences that represent the existing biodiversity. Plecoptera are considered particularly good ecological indicators and one of the most endangered groups of insects, but very limited information on their DNA barcodes is available in public databases. Currently, less than 50% of the Iberian species are represented in BOLD.

The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: contribution to the knowledge on DNA barcodes of Iberian Plecoptera dataset contains records of 71 specimens of Plecoptera. All specimens have been morphologically identified to species level and belong to 29 species in total. This dataset contributes to the knowledge on the DNA barcodes and distribution of Plecoptera from the Iberian Peninsula and it is one of the IBI database public releases that makes available genetic and distribution data for a series of taxa.

The species represented in this dataset correspond to an addition to public databases of 17 species and 21 BINs. Fifty-eight specimens were collected in Portugal and 18 in Spain during the period of 2004 to 2018. All specimens are deposited in the IBI collection at CIBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources and their DNA barcodes are publicly available in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) online database. The distribution dataset can be freely accessed through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
Snakes and ladders: A review of ball python production in West Africa for the global pet market
Authors: Harrington Lauren A. , Green Jennah , Muinde Patrick , Macdonald David W. , Auliya Mark , D'Cruze Neil
Published: July 2020

The ball python (Python regius) is the most traded, CITES listed, live animal exported from Africa. Recent studies have raised concerns as to whether production methods in Africa are sustainable, humane and compliant with legislation. To aid future management we explored export patterns, using the CITES and U.S. LEMIS database, for live ball pythons from across their range in West Africa to identify the main exporters and the main markets supplied, and to assess associated trends, and compliance with nationally-established export quotas. We found that export to supply the global pet trade remains almost exclusively carried out by three range countries – Benin, Ghana, and Togo. The USA was the largest importer from all three countries, although Ghana appeared to be less dependent on the USA market than either Togo or Benin, exporting to a more diverse range of countries, particularly in Asia. Between 2003 and 2017 there was a decline in annual importer-reported exports from Benin and from Ghana, but not from Togo. Ghana appears to operate as a regional trade hub, re-exporting ball pythons imported from Benin and Togo, and exports more ball pythons reported as captive-bred. Trade records from all three countries exhibited a switch from predominantly wild-sourced to predominantly ranched individuals. However, at a range-wide level, differences in the use of source codes among exporting range states, and inconsistencies in reporting of trade among range states, as well as inconsistencies in the use of source codes between exporting and importing countries, represent areas of potential concern. We recommend a regional-level policy approach for this highly sought-after species, to safeguard ball pythons and local livelihoods.
Predicting the invasion range for a highly polyphagous and widespread forest herbivore
Authors: Blackburn Laura M. , Elkinton Joseph S. , Havill Nathan P. , Broadley Hannah J. , Andersen Jeremy C. , Liebhold Andrew M.
Published: July 2020

Here we compare the environmental niche of a highly polyphagous forest Lepidoptera species, the winter moth (Operophtera brumata), in its native and invaded range. During the last 90 years, this European tree folivore has invaded North America in at least three regions and exhibited eruptive population behavior in both its native and invaded range. Despite its importance as both a forest and agricultural pest, neither the potential extent of this species’ invaded range nor the geographic source of invading populations from its native range are known. Here we fit a climatic niche model, based on the MaxEnt algorithm, to historical records of winter moth occurrence in its native range and compare predictions of suitable distributions to records from the invaded range. We modeled this distribution using three spatial bins to overcome sampling bias for data obtained from public databases and averaged the multi-continental suitable habitat prediction. Results indicate that this species is distributed across a wide range of climates in its native range but occupies a narrower range in its invaded habitat. Furthermore, the lack of a close fit between climatic conditions in parts of its invaded range and its known native range suggests the possibility that this species has adapted to new climatic conditions during the invasion process. These models can be used to predict suitable habitats for winter moth invasions worldwide and to gain insight into possible origins of North American populations.
Magnetite nanoparticles−based hydroxyl radical scavenging activity assay of antioxidants using N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine probe
Authors: CAN Ziya , KESKİN Büşra , ARDA Ayşem , ERÇAĞ Erol , APAK Mustafa Reşat
Published: July 2020

Excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), unless counterbalanced by antioxidants, can cause cellular damage under oxidative stress conditions; therefore, antioxidative defenses against ROS must be measured. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have found numerous applications in science, health, and industries. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4:MNPs) have attracted attention because of their peroxidase-like activity. In this study, hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated by MNPs-catalyzed degradation of H2O2 converted the N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) probe into its colored DMPD•+ radical cation, which gave an absorbance maximum at λ = 553 nm. In the presence of antioxidants, •OH was partly scavenged by antioxidants and produced less DMPD•+, causing a decrease in the 553 nm-absorbance. Antioxidant concentrations were calculated with the aid of absorbance differences between the reference and sample solutions. The linear working ranges and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity coefficients of different classes of antioxidants were determined by applying the developed method. In addition, binary and ternary mixtures of antioxidants were tested to observe the additivity of absorbances of mixture constituents. The method was applied to real samples such as orange juice and green tea. Student t-test, F tests, and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical comparisons.
Investigation of the most common clinical and imaging findings and the role of tubulin genes in the etiology of malformations of cortical development
Authors: AKSEL KILIÇARSLAN Özge , ATAMAN Esra , GÜRSOY Semra , GÜRBÜZ Gürkan , ÜNALP Aycan , GENÇPINAR Pınar , OLGAÇ DÜNDAR Nihal , EDİZER Selvinaz , ÜLGENALP Ayfer , GİRAY BOZKAYA Özlem
Published: July 2020

Background and aim: The number of reports on the role of tubulin gene mutations (TUBA1A, TUBB2B, and TUBB3) in etiology of malformations of cortical development has peaked in recent years. We aimed to determine tubulin gene defects on a patient population with simple and complex malformations of cortical development, and investigate the relationship between tubulin gene mutations and disease phenotype.Materials and methods: We evaluated 47 patients with simple or complex malformations of cortical development, as determined by radiological examination, for demographic features, clinical findings and mutations on TUBA1A, TUBB2B, and TUBB3 genes. Results: According to the magnetic resonance imaging findings, 19 patients (40.5%) had simple malformations of cortical development and 28 (59.5%) patients had complex malformations of cortical development. Focal cortical dysplasia was the most common simple malformation, lissencephaly was the most common coexisting cortical malformation, and corpus callosum anomalies were the most common coexisting extracortical neurodevelopmental abnormalities. None of the patients had genetic alterations on TUBA1A, TUBB2B, and TUBB3 genes causing protein dysfunction. On the other hand, the frequencies of some polymorphisms were higher when compared to the literature.Conclusion: It is crucial to identify the etiology in patients with malformations of cortical development in order to provide appropriate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. We consider that multicenter studies with higher patient numbers and also including other malformations of cortical development-related genes are required to determine underlying etiological factors of malformations of cortical development patients.
La démotorisation des ménages comme analyseur de la diversité des expériences de socialisation à la « norme automobile »
Authors: Cacciari Joseph , Belton Chevallier Leslie
Published: July 2020

Renoncer à posséder une voiture est un choix potentiellement fort au regard de son importance dans les pratiques de déplacement des Français. L’absence d’une automobile ou sa moindre présence ne matérialise pas forcément un écart dévalorisant à la norme, un stigmate, dès lors qu’on examine l’ensemble de la trajectoire de la socialisation des individus à l’automobile. En nous basant sur les résultats d’une enquête qualitative par entretiens biographiques auprès de personnes démotorisées, nous examinerons les ressorts pluriels de la démotorisation en nous interrogeant sur l’effectivité d’un potentiel stigmate. In fine , il s’agira de comprendre la diversité des socialisations automobiles et leurs impacts en termes de renoncement à ce mode.
La motivación de las mujeres en el desarrollo de emprendimientos rurales y toma de decisiones y la relación con su satisfacción
Authors: González Colunga Oscar Adán , Zorrilla del Castillo Ana Luz , García Mata Osvaldo
Published: July 2020

La présente étude décrit une analyse de corrélation qui mesure la relation entre deux variables, en étudiant d’une part les raisons qui permettent à une femme rurale d’être entrepreneur et la façon dont elle le perçoit dans sa satisfaction, et d’autre part, il s’agit de déterminer l’influence du pouvoir de prendre des décisions indépendamment sur sa satisfaction. Les femmes rurales entrepreneurs ne sont pas obsédées par l’idée de faire de leur entreprise une source d’admiration, puisqu’elles le font essentiellement pour un besoin économique et l’amélioration de leur vie personnelle et familiale. Cette amélioration résulte du pouvoir qui lui est conféré de prendre des décisions qui lui ont permis de s’auto-générer une autonomie, vitale pour le développement harmonieux de ses activités.
Une histoire de famille dans l’empire colonial français
Authors: Blum Françoise , Rillon Ophélie
Published: July 2020

Cet article explore la trajectoire des membres d’une famille franco-africaine qui s’est construite entre la métropole française et les colonies d’Afrique subsaharienne tout au long du 20 e  siècle. À travers cette histoire familiale singulière, il s’agit de comprendre comment s’est opérée la fabrique des différenciations sociales et des subjectivités individuelles (de genre, de race, de classe, de génération) en lien avec les dynamiques historiques de transformation de l’empire colonial. L’histoire de la famille d’Arboussier est ainsi celle d’un espace social où l’on négocie en permanence la race, le genre et la classe, jouant de multi-appartenance pour essayer de se tailler, non sans souffrance, une place au « soleil des indépendances ».
Bacteroides fragilis prevents Salmonella Heidelberg translocation in co-culture model mimicking intestinal epithelium
Authors: Vernay T. , Cannie I. , Gaboriau F. , Gall S. David-Le , Tamanai-Shacoori Z. , Burel A. , Jolivet-Gougeon A. , Loréal O. , Bousarghin L.
Published: July 2020

Salmonella Heidelberg is one of the most common serovar causing foodborne illnesses. To limit the development of digestive bacterial infection, food supplements containing probiotic bacteria can be proposed. Commensal non-toxigenic Bacteroides fragilis has recently been suggested as a next-generation probiotic candidate. By using an original triple co-culture model including Caco-2 cells (representing human enterocytes), HT29-MTX (representing mucus-secreting goblet cells), and M cells differentiated from Caco-2 by addition of Raji B lymphocytes, bacterial translocation was evaluated. The data showed that S. Heidelberg could translocate in the triple co-culture model with high efficiency, whereas for B. fragilis a weak translocation was obtained. When cells were exposed to both bacteria, S. Heidelberg translocation was inhibited. The cell-free supernatant of B. fragilis also inhibited S. Heidelberg translocation without impacting epithelial barrier integrity. This supernatant did not affect the growth of S. Heidelberg. The non-toxigenic B. fragilis confers health benefits to the host by reducting bacterial translocation. These results suggested that the multicellular model provides an efficient in vitro model to evaluate the translocation of pathogens and to screen for probiotics that have a potential inhibitory effect on this translocation.
New Old Forms: Djuna Barnes’s and Virginia Woolf’s Return to the Archaic as Experimental Modernist Form
Authors: Chou Elaine Hsieh
Published: July 2020

Cet article cherche à montrer que le « high modernism » a toujours perçu la littérature expérimentale seulement d’un point de vue formel, sans tenir compte du contenu ; mais cette approche est intrinsèquement sexiste, opposant le masculin « expérimental » au féminin « traditionnel ». Par ailleurs, l’œuvre moderniste est enracinée dans l’exclusion de l’autre, notamment les textes qui défient les perspectives conservatrices sur le genre et la sexualité. Cette contribution montre qu’au contraire Ladies Almanack de Djuna Barnes et Orlando de Virginia Woolf sont des textes expérimentaux par leur langage, soi-disant « archaïque », mais aussi par leur traitement de la sexualité. Cela oblige le Modernisme à réexaminer ses pratiques d’exclusion et, partant, sa définition de l’expérimentalisme.
Contemporary British Art and its Contested Publicness: The Case of the Artangel Trust Experimenting with Site in Britain Today
Authors: Gould Charlotte
Published: July 2020

The Artangel Trust, an independent art commissioning agency founded in London in 1985, is used as a case study to demonstrate how the experimental has come to be found in environmental explorations in Britain today, rather than in more strictly formal ones. Indeed, the curating and the siting of art, especially in a country whose artistic tradition has been defined by its insularity, has become the main locus of experimentations which touch upon creation, but also contextualisation and funding. The way art has recently escaped its institutional inscription has coincided, politically, with a post-Welfare encouragement of a new, specifically British funding model, combining a Continental form of State funding and money coming from philanthropic giving and corporate sponsorship, inspired by the cultural policy of the United States. This new economic context, coupled with a redefinition of the unusual public spaces these works occupy, point to the new conditions of artistic experimentation in Britain.
“A particularly desirable exercise for girls and women”: Swimming and Modern Female Bodies in the United States, 1900s–1930s
Authors: Stieglitz Olaf
Published: July 2020

Swimming in the USA was booming during the early 20th century. It held an important part in ongoing health and fitness debates, it was popular as a spare time activity, and many considered it as a particularly democratic sport. Moreover, and this marks the key argument of this essay, was swimming at that point charged with marking human bodies as explicitly ‘modern,’ as a practice that made normative notions and ideals of ability, competence and beauty especially visible. These attributions were closely linked to both gendered and racialized codes. Swimming, this essay argues, was supposed to create idealized male and female bodies. The development of the new crawl style stood at the center of that process. The article offers a close reading of the style’s genealogy within the American context. Next to photographs, it analyses swimming textbooks but also letters and reports written by young women swimmers that allow for a closer look at the actual practice of swimming and how it was part of negotiating modernity in the US.
The Sea as Metaphor in Alec Derwent Hope’s “Man Friday” and Christopher Brennan’s “Each Day I See the Long Ships Coming into Port”
Authors: Mathur Malati
Published: July 2020

In both Alec Derwent Hope's and Christopher Brennan's poems, the sea is fraught with multiple meanings. Both poets play with the ideas of journey by sea, exile, isolation and home in vastly different ways. A. D. Hope infuses it with the resonances of exile, barriers, division, and finally, home. The poem begins from where Daniel Defoe leaves off his tale, taking up the story of Man Friday after he is brought by Robinson Crusoe to live in ‘England’s Desert Island’. The completely alien culture that Friday now encounters requires a massive readjustment of his mental and spiritual compass and the sea runs like an undercurrent through the entire poem even when it is not mentioned in so many words. The gradual acceptance of the way of life that is thrust upon him, his transformation (and quiet resignation) into an upper class servant and subsequent marriage and children take him farther and farther away from his memories and encase him within an artificial persona — until the day he accompanies his master to a sea port and hears the ocean’s beckoning roar after many years. The song of the ocean, the rush of memory and Friday’s response to the call of the sea crystallize in the ending of the poem. The poem not only raises issues of choice, ‘savagery’ versus ‘civilization’ and the arrogation of power over lives, it also envisions the sea as both a dividing barrier leading to exile and a welcoming bosom into the embrace of which to return is to go ‘home’. Brennan’s poem can be interpreted as addressing the very core of the Australian experience — the waves of migration from the farthest points of the earth which have shaped the culture and ethos of this continent in myriad ways. It is the sea that has conveyed the hopeful migrants hence and is invoked in terms of a cleansing — something that has ‘charmed away the old rancours’ and allowed them to see the new land with a ‘freshen’d gaze’. The poet wishes to set sail too, not to see many lands and peoples but to find a place of rest perhaps, such as what the people arriving in the long ships aspire to and will find in this new country. For them, in stark contrast to Friday’s voyage to England, the voyage does not signify exile but a coming home, a land full of promise with the potential for great happiness and peace.
Early Tourism in New Mexico: A Primitivist Pastime or a Tool of Integration?
Authors: Berthier-Foglar Susanne
Published: July 2020

In the late 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century the culture of leisure came to New Mexico and Indian Detours were organized for the “Anglo” tourists eager to witness the exotic (and so-called primitive) cultures within the United States. The authentic setting, the historic villages (i.e. Pueblos1), and the pre-industrial lifestyle of their inhabitants contributed to the tourists’ experience of Otherness. The primitive way of life was not perceived by the tourists as being negative but as an escape from the pervasiveness of industry and urbanization. However, the wishes of the tourists clashed with the federal assimilation policies. Indian Commissioner Charles Burke issued numerous circulars to the Superintendents with strict rules concerning the exhibition of Indianness. He lamented the fact that Indians catering to the tourist industry postponed their assimilation as productive members of the American society. This paper also questions the intrusiveness and long-term impact of the “tourist gaze” upon Indians viewed at the train stations or in “Indian villages” set up in hotels or tourist destinations. New Mexican architecture and more particularly the Santa Fe Style have largely copied Pueblo vernacular. Under such extreme circumstances of colonial appropriation, coupled with the advent of the market economy, it is astounding that the Indians survived the onslaught of cultural tourism. Despite the marketing of tours targeting their villages and history as well as their arts and crafts production, the Pueblo have never given in to selling their ceremonies. They have set up barriers of secrecy limiting the primitivist experience of the tourists to what they wanted them to see. They have accepted the advice of traders in matters of styles of objects produced. But they have gradually taken over the management of the “tourist gaze” and have profited from the fetishization of all things Indian. With a lively market for tourist goods, it seems tourism has become a tool of integration while elements of what was formerly called “primitive” survive (non-Christian ceremonials for instance). Moreover, tourism has not destroyed those who were formerly the seemingly passive object of the “tourist gaze.” (363)
The Relation Between Production, Labor Regimes and Leisure Forms: From slavery to digital capitalism
Authors: Frayssé Olivier
Published: July 2020

article uses the notions of stages of capitalism, labor regimes and production regimes to explore the relationship between the way people work and their leisure. It starts with a clarification of what is meant by the capitalist modes of production, proceeds to define labor and work regimes, and analyzes the specific demands made by various labor regimes and production regimes on the leisure time of workers, which it illustrates by examples taken from the history of leisure in the US. The advent of digital capitalism, rooted in the US, has profoundly transformed the work and leisure environments of a growing number of people all over the world, and in many ways blurred the frontier between these two human activities, so that a reappraisal of the relationship between work and leisure is in order, especially from the angle of prosumer capitalism, which is the subject of the last part.
Intertwined Languages and Broken Flows: Reading Ontological Polyphonies in Lower Murray Country (South Australia)
Authors: Roulière Camille
Published: July 2020

In the context of severe environmental degradation, this article analyses governmental and Ngarrindjeri discourses surrounding the understanding and management of water in Lower Murray Country (South Australia). It shows that mutated colonial practices around water management in the Murray-Darling Basin have placed the Lower Murray region under unprecedented environmental threat. Future-oriented, paternalistic and linguistically intransigent poetics of elsewhere are used to justify the implementation of these monolingual practices, which gag alternative epistemologies. In response to this imperialistic water management (labelled as a second wave of dispossession), and strengthened by the growing recognition of Indigenous rights worldwide, Traditional Owners from the Basin have developed the concept of Cultural Flows to subtly subvert these silencing discourses and reclaim their right to a voice within governmental agencies involved in developing water management policies. This article argues that this reappropriated and re-rooted concept of Cultural Flows is merely the tip of a larger poetic shift in language, and can serve as a pivot around which to understand the mechanisms through which Aboriginal Nations, and in particular the Ngarrindjeri, weave their cultural practices, both figuratively and literally, within mainstream artistic and ecological discourses. Current manifestations of this shift, as expressed through visual arts (Riverland: Yvonne Koolmatrie, Art Gallery of South Australia), music (travelling performance project Ringbalin) and environmental politics (National Cultural Flows Research Project), are examined to demonstrate that this shift creates a new language which can be understood as a mode of highly localised Baroque speech (following Édouard Glissant’s definition of the term).
The Aesthetics of Mutability in The Village in the Jungle (1913)
Authors: Haghshenas Leila
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on the representation of change and mutability in Leonard Woolf’s The Village in the Jungle (1913) and the creation of an aesthetics of mutability. It suggests that the novel’s unstable state emerges out of Woolf’s understanding of the East and its people and from his perspective on the question of the nature of humanity. Woolf seems to refuse the Conradian perception of the East as immutable and to propose instead a new and realistic vision of the orient and its people, that of a constantly moving and evolving East. The inherent instability of the jungle, it is argued here, extends to the village and its inhabitants and expresses itself through the blurring of boundaries between humans and animals, social classes and even genders. Multiple transformations and reversals in The Village in the Jungle point to the novel’s affinity for unstable states and mutable conditions.
Victorian Rainbow Makers: Variations on Colour Poetics
Authors: Ribeyrol Charlotte
Published: July 2020

In his 1993 book retracing the history of synthetic dyestuffs, Anthony S. Travis describes the 19th century chemists who devised new aniline dyes for the expanding textile industry as “rainbow makers”. By conflating the materiality of coloured textiles and the prismatic hues of the sacred bow, Travis may have been trying to vindicate a scientific entreprise which many late 19th century artists and writers had shunned, echoing John Keats’s denunciation of the “unweaving” of the rainbow by modern science. This article explores the poetic instability generated by the 19th century colour revolution in the works of John Ruskin, William Morris, Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde so as to shed light on the complex reception of modern artificial colouring practices as opposed to the Homeric colour-sense.
Andrew Wyeth and the Wyeth Tradition, or “the Anxiety of Influence”
Authors: Lamouliatte Helena
Published: July 2020

This article aims at assessing the true impact of the Wyeth tradition on the art of the American painter, Andrew Wyeth. Indeed, from an early age, the art prodigy was tutored by his father, the famous illustrator and painter N. C. Wyeth. Parallels were also drawn later between the younger figurative painter and his father’s teacher, the renowned illustrator Howard Pyle. However, we contend that the fabrication of this dynasty of American realists has done more harm than good to the critical reception of Andrew Wyeth’s art. Since the mid-1960s, Wyeth’s images have been vilified by most critics and art historians who focus on their supposedly illustrative and theatrical tricks. Nevertheless, some of them hint at a dark and less congruent dimension in Wyeth’s art, while being unable to pinpoint it precisely. By examining more closely Wyeth’s compositional strategy and pictorial technique in the light of his predecessors, this paper suggests that the artist has created a very personal and original synthesis of European and American influences, with a deep Gothic undercurrent. Wyeth’s problematic relationship with his father has also generated a range of obsessive visual tropes betraying his struggle, as a man and as an artist, with what Harold Bloom called “the anxiety of influence”. Lastly, a thorough analysis of some of his occasional self-portraits will attempt to shed light on Wyeth’s complex and morbid depiction of the figure of the artist as a troubled soul.
Racism and Violence in Gar Anthony Haywood’s P. I. Fiction
Authors: Décuré Nicole
Published: July 2020

Gar Anthony Haywood is the first African American writer, forty years after Chester Himes, to write a crime fiction series with a black hero. The main character is a rather conventional P. I. but the novels stand out because of the running commentary on issues of race, violence, sexism, and homophobia.
“In Difficulty is Ecstasy”: Physical Experience at the Limits in Colum McCann’s Dancer and Let the Great World Spin
Authors: Delage-Toriel Lara
Published: July 2020

This article focuses on two novels by Colum McCann, Dancer (2003) and Let the Great World Spin (2009) that place the body in extreme conditions, be it the dancing body of Rudolf Nureyev, the tightrope-walking body of Philippe Petit or the bodies of other characters when pushed out of their comfort zones. By reflecting upon the function and impact of transgressive physical feats along with the heightened somæsthetic experience that is undergone by the novels’ characters and readers, this study aims to show how Colum McCann’s writing engages the human body in the literary process, both as sensitive and sense-making entity. To this end, it brings into play different scientific approaches: Peter Brooks on the correlation between semiotization of body and somatization of story, Henri Bergson on the relationship between the body’s position and its varying perceptions, David Le Breton on the social meaning of risk-taking, as well as various cognitive scientists on the mechanisms at work in kinaesthetic experience.
When Bodies Go Digital
Authors: Larsonneur Claire
Published: July 2020

This article intends to investigate contemporary works of art (“Rain Room”, “On Air”), fiction (David Mitchell, Jeannette Winterson, Thomas Pynchon, Kazuo Ishiguro) and films (The Congress, Black Mirror) together with emerging social practices to charter the impact of digital technologies on our relation to the body. Devices such as Google Glasses or Go-Pro cameras prompt a reframing of our perceptions through borrowed and enriched sensory experiences. Digital practices, tailored to blend in seamlessly with our daily activities, contribute to implement further the logic of immersion and compositing described by Lev Manovich in his analysis of new media. Beyond the field of media, digital technologies are also playing a role in the re-engineering of the human body itself. Bodies are being produced, tailored and marketed in a society that thrives on continuous body-display and monitoring, raising political and economic issues. Those digital body-chimeras could be described as unstable entities that threaten our sense of order and of ourselves, echoing Kristeva’s analysis of abjection.
The Actors’ Bodies in TV series LOST
Authors: Bataille Sylvaine , Hatchuel Sarah
Published: July 2020

This video essay explores the way TV series LOST (ABC, 2004-2010) dramatized its relation to the actors’ bodies and included a reflection on the actors’ performances within the story itself.
Broke House by the Big Art Group: Queer Transgressions on the Contemporary New York Stage
Authors: Lemoine Xavier
Published: July 2020

The Big Art Group has joined the New York performance scene since 1999, exploring primarily with the effects of multimedia on stage. They developed acting techniques combined with video, called Real Time Film, offering fresh questions about performing in the 21st century. In Broke House (2012), Jemma Nelson, Caden Manson and their actors continue the exploration on the meaning of the body by mixing two plots and modes of representation. The show, based on improvisations around Chekhov’s Three Sisters and a documentary film, among other things, derails normative codes of reception and helps us question the instability of the meaning of the body, which is criss-crossed by shifting epistemologies. The result is a performance that stages fluxes of non-normative desires constantly oscillating between embodied subjectivities and evanescent illusions of the body. The powerful visual quality of the play, enhanced by huge screens, clashes with the makeshift scenery and hyperreal acting in order to reveal the violence that underpins the redefinition of the body on stage in our neoliberal, digital age. By looking closely at the structure of the piece and its scenography, I chart how the flesh and the digital interact through cinematic and theatrical tricks. Further, I highlight how the Group delineates a corporeality embroiled in social, esthetic, and phantasmatic structures and patterns by arguing that they deploy new forms of queer representations. Ultimately, I want to suggest how a phenomenology of the technological body helps grasp how the theatrical corporeality becomes illusory and elusive through queer technology and queer camp practices.