bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Gravitational Wave Memory
Authors: Aggarwal K. , Arzoumanian Z. , Baker P. T. , Brazier A. , Brook P. R. , Burke-Spolaor S. , Chatterjee S. , Cordes J. M. , Cornish N. J. , Crawford F. , Cromartie H. T. , Crowter K. , DeCesar M. , Demorest P. B. , Dolch T. , Ellis J. A. , Ferdman R. D. , Ferrara E. C. , Fonseca E. , Garver-Daniels N. , Gentile P. , Good D. , Hazboun J. S. , Holgado A. M. , Huerta E. A. , Islo K. , Jennings R. , Jones G. , Jones M. L. , Kaplan D. L. , Kelley L. Z. , Key J. S. , Lam M. T. , Lazio T. J. W. , Levin L. , Lorimer D. R. , Luo J. , Lynch R. S. , Madison D. R. , McLaughlin M. A. , McWilliams S. T. , Mingarelli C. M. F. , Ng C. , Nice D. J. , Pennucci T. T. , Pol N. S. , Ransom S. M. , Ray P. S. , Siemens X. , Simon J. , Spiewak R. , Stairs I. H. , Stinebring D. R. , Stovall K. , Swiggum J. K. , Taylor S. R. , Vallisneri M. , van Haasteren R. , Vigeland S. J. , Witt C. A. , Zhu W. W. ,   (The NANOGrav Collaboration)
Published: January 2020

The mergers of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) promise to be incredible sources of gravitational waves (GWs). While the oscillatory part of the merger gravitational waveform will be outside the frequency sensitivity range of pulsar timing arrays, the nonoscillatory GW memory effect is detectable. Further, any burst of GWs will produce GW memory, making memory a useful probe of unmodeled exotic sources and new physics. We searched the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) 11 yr data set for GW memory. This data set is sensitive to very low-frequency GWs of ∼3 to 400 nHz (periods of ∼11 yr–1 month). Finding no evidence for GWs, we placed limits on the strain amplitude of GW memory events during the observation period. We then used the strain upper limits to place limits on the rate of GW memory causing events. At a strain of 2.5 × 10−14, corresponding to the median upper limit as a function of source sky position, we set a limit on the rate of GW memory events at <0.4 yr−1. That strain corresponds to an SMBHB merger with reduced mass of ηM ∼ 2 × 1010

 and inclination of ι = π/3 at a distance of 1 Gpc. As a test of our analysis, we analyzed the NANOGrav 9 yr data set as well. This analysis found an anomolous signal, which does not appear in the 11 yr data set. This signal is not a GW, and its origin remains unknown.
An Optimized Radio Follow-up Strategy for Stripped-envelope Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Carbone Dario , Corsi Alessandra
Published: January 2020

Several ongoing or planned synoptic optical surveys are offering, or will soon be offering, an unprecedented opportunity for discovering larger samples of the rarest types of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae, such as those associated with relativistic jets, mildly relativistic ejecta, or strong interaction with the circumstellar medium. Observations at radio wavelengths are a useful tool to probe the fastest moving ejecta, as well as denser circumstellar environments, and can thus help us identify the rarest type of core-collapse explosions. Here, we discuss how to set up an efficient radio follow-up program to detect and correctly identify radio-emitting stripped-envelope core-collapse explosions. We use a method similar to the one described in Carbone & Corsi, and determine the optimal timing of GHz radio observations assuming a sensitivity comparable to that of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. The optimization is done so as to ensure that the collected radio observations can identify the type of explosion powering the radio counterpart by using the smallest possible amount of telescope time. We also present a previously unpublished upper limit on the late-time radio emission from supernova iPTF 17cw. Finally, we conclude by discussing implications for follow-up in the X-rays.
New island record and conservation status of Puerto Rican Bank endemic plant species, Ruehssia woodburyana (Acev.-Rodr.) Goyder, comb. nov., formally transferred from Marsdenia
Authors: Bárrios Sara , Sustache José , Goyder David , Hamilton Martin
Published: January 2020

Thought to be endemic to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Ruehssia woodburyana (Apocynaceae) was recently discovered at a single location on Norman Island in the British Virgin Islands. Despite an increase in the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy, this species meta-population is very limited with a total of 37 individuals known in the wild. The largest subpopulation, on Mona Island, has only 26 individuals. The species suitable habitat is experiencing a continuing decline due to urban development, grazing by feral ungulates and human-induced forest fires. Conservation action is urgently needed and should be directed towards establishing genetically representative ex situ collections, such as seed for long term storage and live material for propagation. This species is evaluated as Critically Endangered (CR), based on Criteria C2a(i)+D, according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (version 3.1) and guidelines (Subcommittee IUCN Standards and Petitions 2016).

Extensive and regular surveys to the region enable the discovery of new plant records for different countries and islands. In this paper, we record a new island record for Ruehssia woodburyana on Norman Island, in the British Virgin Islands and discuss the species conservation status. Marsdenia woodburyana is transferred to the genus Ruehssia to reflect the resurrection of that genus for species of Marsdenia native to the New World.
Impact of seasonal variations of ambient seismic noise level on the number of registered earthquakes in the Arctic regions
Authors: Morozova ER , Turova AP
Published: January 2020

Researchers at the Seismological Laboratory of the Institute of Geodynamics and Geology of the Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIARctic) have been engaged in the seismological monitoring of the European Arctic sector since 2011. In this paper, we present a comparative assessment of the earthquakes spatial distribution in this region based on the data from the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and the FCIARctic’s Arkhangelsk Seismic Network (ASN) obtained in 2012–2016. The paper presents the waveforms of earthquakes occurred at the Gakkel Ridge and the Svalbard archipelago processed with the use of a Russian software package WSG (Windows Seismic Grafer) recommended by the Unified Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A standard 4–8 Hz bandpass filter was used for the processing of regional Arctic earthquakes. The impact of seasonal variations on the quality of earthquakes registration was analysed based on the seismograms recorded by the ASN’s island-based Arctic stations from 2012 to 2014 The same analysis was done for the central broadband sensor SPA0 of the Norwegian NORSAR-owned SPITS group installed at the Svalbard archipelago. A correlation has been established between the number of earthquakes recorded by the ASN’s island Arctic stations and SPA0 station. The number of regional earthquakes, recorded by ASN’s island Arctic stations is is smaller in summer-autumn periods than in winter periods. Forthe SPA0 station, which is part of SPITS group, there is not seasonality in the number of registered earthquakes. Generally, earthquakes are recorded uniformly, exception on January. This might be due to the increased seismic activity in the Svalbard archipelago during that period.
Quand la réforme territoriale questionne le devenir et les ressorts de la marque Territoire : une approche par les proximités
Authors: Rochette Corinne , Zumbo-Lebrument Cédrine , Houllier-Guibert Charles-Edouard
Published: January 2020

Depuis 10 ans, de nombreuses collectivités territoriales françaises ont initié des stratégies de marque pour renforcer l’attractivité de leur territoire et les liens entre les acteurs. La réforme territoriale questionne le devenir de ces marques et l’activation des proximités sur lesquelles ces marques collectives s’appuient. La grille de l’économie de la proximité (Boschma, 2005) est mobilisée pour dégager les liens entre les acteurs engagés dans la stratégie de marque et leurs intensités. Ce travail met à jour les leviers possibles de l’évolution de la marque dans un contexte de changement de périmètre géographique et administratif des régions. L’étude du cas d’une marque régionale permet, parmi six scénarios possibles d’évolution, de dégager celui considéré comme le plus probable.
Les Gourmands du théâtre romantique : bouffons et poètes
Authors: Diassinous Nicolas
Published: January 2020

Lorsqu’elle est présente dans le théâtre romantique, la gourmandise se loge dans des actions et des personnages secondaires qui portent la charge comique de la pièce. Destinée à déclencher le rire du spectateur ou du lecteur, elle apparaît dans des épisodes comiques ou plus comiques que l’intrigue principale. Le gourmand n’est pourtant pas qu’un simple personnage secondaire de bouffon. Bien souvent, l’analogie qu’il entretient avec le héros de la pièce en fait son double parodique, un double qui imite également les envolées lyriques que le théâtre romantique accorde à ses protagonistes. La présence de la gourmandise aurait alors une double fonction dans la dramaturgie romantique : elle serait à la fois vectrice du rire et de l’autodérision.
Autour de la table de George Sand : éthique de la gourmandise sandienne
Authors: Calderone Amélie
Published: January 2020

George Sand n’a jamais écrit de traité spécifiquement consacré à la gourmandise. Néanmoins, ses œuvres et ses textes personnels regorgent de mentions culinaires et de personnages gourmands, au travers desquels se dessine un imaginaire sandien de la gourmandise, non exempt de certains clichés. Le rapport à la nourriture permet dès lors de repenser la question de l’idéalisme sandien, qui doit se concevoir comme alimentation de la matérialité par l’idée. Si elle réprouve, sur le plan individuel, un penchant dont elle fait l’une des causes des déchéances physique et morale et de la perte de la pleine liberté d’esprit, elle accepte cependant une gourmandise, pourvu qu’elle soit rendue éthique. Modérée, de bon goût, non nécessaire et partagée, celle-ci peut même devenir, à l’échelle collective, l’occasion d’une célébration de l’utopie fraternelle républicaine.
Les miroirs chinois de Marguerite. Réécritures, adaptations, hybridations, nouvelles interprétations. La Dame aux camélias en Chine dans la première moitié du XX e siècle
Authors: Guo Sijia
Published: January 2020

Le célèbre roman d’Alexandre Dumas fils La Dame aux camélias (1848) et son adaptation pour la scène (1852), ont joué un rôle capital, bien qu’inattendu, dans la modernisation de la culture chinoise. Tout premier roman étranger traduit en chinois et publié en Chine à la fin du xix e  siècle, il fut largement diffusé, lu et apprécié par le public chinois de l’époque, et grâce à lui, les romanciers chinois modifièrent leur conception de la narration. Parallèlement, la Chine adapta ce roman à la scène pour réécrire l’histoire de Marguerite, au point que l’œuvre en est venue à se fondre dans l’élan du Mouvement pour une nouvelle culture tout entier dédié à la quête d’idées neuves. La Dame aux camélias , qu’elle soit le fruit d’un travail sur le roman lui-même ou d’une adaptation pour le théâtre, a ainsi contribué à transformer et à faire évoluer le théâtre et l’opéra chinois entre la fin de la dynastie Qing et le début de la République de Chine.
Determination of multiple mycotoxins in Qatari population serum samples by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Al-Jaal B.A. , Latiff A. , Salama S. , Barcaru A. , Horvatovich P. , Jaganjac M.
Published: January 2020

Human exposure to mycotoxins is almost inevitable as mycotoxins are naturally occurring contaminants of large portion of food and feed. Depending on the type of mycotoxins, inter-individual mycotoxin adsorption, bioaccumulation, distribution, metabolism and excretion, can cause serious adverse health effects. Therefore, continuous biomonitoring studies of population exposure to mycotoxins are needed. Here we describe a multi-analyte approach for the detection and quantification of 20 mycotoxins in human serum using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray/tandem mass spectrometry operated in targeted multiple reaction monitoring mode. The validated method was used to assess occurrence of mycotoxins in serum samples of 46 residents of Qatar. Mycotoxins that were detected with high incidence were HT-2 toxin (13.0%), sterigmatocystin (10.9%) and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (6.5%). Also, co-exposure to several mycotoxins was noticed in the analysed samples. Our results show that strict food quality control is needed to remove mycotoxin contaminated food from the market in order to minimise human exposure to mycotoxins.
Outcome of Surgical Membranectomy With a Vitrector via Limbal Approach for Posterior Capsular Opacity in Children
Authors: Mohan Amit , Kumar Amit , Sen Pradhnya , Shah Chintan , Jain Elesh , Sen Alok
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of surgical membranectomy with a vitrector via a limbal approach for posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in children.

Methods:

In this retrospective analytical interventional study, medical records of children younger than 17 years who underwent surgical membranectomy with anterior vitrectomy via a limbal approach were analyzed. Time lag for PCO formation after cataract surgery was assessed. Any adverse events during surgery, rate of successful completion of membranectomy, postoperative complications, improvement in visual acuity, and intraocular lens (IOL) centration were recorded.

Results:

A total of 60 eyes of 58 children were included: 26 had traumatic etiology and 34 had developmental cataract. Mean time duration for PCO formation was 27.83 ± 39.83 months for traumatic cases and 53.53 ± 52.20 months for developmental cataract (
P
= .04). A satisfactory opening in the center of the membrane was achieved in 47 cases (n = 47, 78.3%). The complications encountered were uveitis (5 eyes), corneal edema (3 eyes), pigment deposition over IOL (2 eyes), raised intraocular pressure (1 eye), IOL drop (1 eye), and broken haptic (1 eye). Membranectomy with posterior optic buttonholing of the IOL in 9 aphakic eyes resulted in good IOL centration, no anterior chamber reaction, and no iris optic capture in the postoperative period. Mean visual acuity improved from 1.16 ± 0.52 to 0.73 ± 0.55 logMAR (
P
< .001).

Conclusions:

Surgical membranectomy with a vitrector via a limbal approach is a safe and effective method for managing PCO in the pediatric population. Posterior optic buttonholing of the IOL during membranectomy or secondary IOL implantation results in good IOL centration and fewer complications.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2020;57(1):33–38.]
Accuracy of the Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Bag/Balloon Technique in Locating Horizontal Extraocular Muscle Insertions Before and After Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Mezad-Koursh Daphna , Rosenblatt Amir , Cohen Shai , Neudorfer Meira , Keynan Idit , Stolovitch Chaim , Zur Dinah
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

To investigate the accuracy of high frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy using the bag/balloon technique to locate recti muscle insertions before and after strabismus surgery.

Methods:

This was a prospective masked study. The distance from the limbus to horizontal recti muscle insertions was measured by caliper intraoperatively and ultrasound biomicroscopy preoperatively and during follow-up. Accuracy was defined as the difference between ultrasound biomicroscopy and caliper measurements.

Results:

Thirty-nine muscles (19 medial rectus and 20 lateral rectus) of 22 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 34.7 ± 15.5 years (range: 18 to 78 years). Follow-up measurements were available for 25 muscles: 12 muscles were recessed and 13 were resected/advanced. Twelve of the included muscles underwent prior surgery. There was a strong correlation between preoperative mean ultrasound biomicroscopy and caliper measurements (
P
< .001, r
p
= 0.872) without significant difference between the accuracy of identification of medial rectus and lateral rectus muscles (
P
= .116 and .377, respectively). On average, postoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy measurements of recessed muscles were 1.15 mm greater than caliper measurements at the end of surgery (
P
= .003), whereas the mean difference in the resected muscles was not statistically significant (−0.07 mm,
P
> .999). Overall, in 16 of 25 muscles (64%), the differences between the postoperative measurements and the end of surgery measurements were less than 1 mm. There was no correlation between the accuracy and the time of ultrasound biomicroscopy after surgery (
P
= .516).

Conclusions:

The ultrasound biomicroscopy bag/balloon technique is an accurate and reliable method of locating recti muscle insertions before and after strabismus surgery. Ultrasound biomicroscopy may assist strabismologists in planning repeated operations.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2020;57(1):12–20.]
Évolutions conjointes de la situation scolaire et de l’orientation en France : quelques repères pour une histoire des services d’orientation
Authors: Ouvrier-Bonnaz Régis
Published: January 2020

Dans cet article nous nous inscrivons dans la logique des travaux des historiens de l’éducation qui s’attachent à montrer qu’il est difficile de comprendre les particularités et les spécificités de l’orientation telle qu’elle existe en France dans ses rapports avec l’institution scolaire si on en ignore l’histoire. Nous montrerons comment l’orientation naît en France, à l’aube du xxe siècle, d’une volonté des pouvoirs politiques et économiques préoccupés de la dégradation du mode d’accès à l’apprentissage et au travail relayée par les préoccupations scientifiques d’intellectuels qui se veulent au service du progrès social. L’étude des textes législatifs les plus marquants, l’histoire des institutions et de leur création, mettent en lumière comment s’est opéré le passage d’une orientation professionnelle, ponctuelle, limitée au monde du travail à une orientation continue, éducative, ancrée dans l’École.
Commemorazioni – RICORDO DEL m.e. GIAMPIERO LANDENNA
Authors: Dall'Aglio Giorgio
Published: January 2020

Non disponibile.
Arcs in finite projective spaces
Authors: Ball Simeon , Lavrauw Michel
Published: January 2020

This is an expository article detailing results concerning large arcs in finite projective spaces. It is not strictly a survey but attempts to cover the most relevant results on arcs, simplifying and unifying proofs of known old and more recent theorems. The article is mostly self-contained and includes a proof of the most general form of Segre’s lemma of tangents and a short proof of the MDS conjecture over prime fields based on this lemma.
On Kim-independence
Authors: Kaplan Itay , Ramsey Nicholas
Published: January 2020

We study NSOP

_1

theories. We define
Kim-independence
, which generalizes non-forking independence in simple theories and corresponds to non-forking at a generic scale. We show that Kim-independence satisfies a version of Kim’s lemma, local character, symmetry, and an independence theorem, and that moreover these properties individually characterize NSOP

_1

theories. We describe Kim-independence in several concrete theories and observe that it corresponds to previously studied notions of independence in Frobenius fields and vector spaces with a generic bilinear form.
عبدالرزاق بن سعود المانع (1356ـ1438هـ/1937ـ2016م) حيــاته وأدبــه
Authors: عبدالله بن عبدالرحمن الحيدري عبدالله بن عبدالرحمن الحيدري
Published: January 2020

يؤرّخ هذا البحث لحياة الأديب عبدالرزاق بن سعود المانع (1356ــ1438هـ/1937ـ2016م) الذي عاش شطرًا كبيرًا من حياته في مدينة الزبير في العراق حيث ولد ونشأ وتعلم، وعمل مدة طويلة في مجال التعليم في الزبير وفي البصرة حتى تقاعده في عام 1421هـ/2000م، ثم عودته إلى وطنه الأم المملكة العربية السعودية في عام 1423هـ/2002م وحتى وفاته في مدينة الرياض في عام 1438هـ/ 2016م. ويكشف البحث مضامين إنتاجه الأدبي في القصة والشعر والرواية، ويلقي نظرة تحليلية على هذا الإنتاج في أربعة مباحث، وهي: المبحث الأول: حياة عبدالرزاق المانع في الزبير وفي الرياض، والمبحث الثاني: عبدالرزاق المانع قاصًا، والمبحث الثالث: عبدالرزاق المانع روائيًا، والمبحث الرابع: عبدالرزاق المانع شاعرًا.
التنظيم الانفعالي وعلاقته بدافع الإنجاز لدى عينة من طالبات جامعة أم القرى
Authors: د. عبير محمد الصبان د. عبير محمد الصبان
Published: January 2020

. التنظيم الانفعالي وعلاقته بدافع الإنجاز لدى عينة من طالبات جامعة أم القرى. تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن مستوى التنظيم الانفعالي واستراتيجياته لدى عينة من طالبات جامعة أم القرى. كما تهدف إلى التعرف على العلاقة بين التنظيم الانفعالي واستراتيجياته ودافع الإنجاز والكشف عن الفروق في دافع الإنجاز تبعاً لمستويات التنظيم الانفعالي. وتكونت عينة الدراسة من(147) طالبة من طالبات جامعة أم القرى بمختلف التخصصات. طبق عليهم مقياس التنظيم الانفعالي لجروس وجون Gross & John (2003)، ومقياس دافعية الإنجاز للسرحا (2016). وأسفرت النتائج عن وجود مستوى متوسط من التنظيم الانفعالي لدى عينة الدراسة وكانت أكثر الاستراتيجيات شيوعاً استراتيجية إعادة التقييم يليها استراتيجية الكتمان. كما بينت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباطية موجبة دالة احصائياً بين التنظيم الانفعالي واستراتيجياته ودافع الإنجاز. ووجود فروق دالة احصائياً في دافع الإنجاز وأبعاده تبعاً لمستويات التنظيم الانفعالي لصالح المستوى المرتفع. وفي ضوء تلك النتائج أوصت الدراسة بعدد من التوصيات
مدى اعتماد الجمهور السعودي على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في المعرفة بقضايا المجتمع: دراسة مسحية في مدينة الرياض
Authors: عبدالملك عبدالعزيز الشلهوب عبدالملك عبدالعزيز الشلهوب
Published: January 2020

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على الدوافع والأهداف التي تدفع الجمهور السعودي للاعتماد على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في المعرفة بقضايا المجتمع السعودي، وأي هذه المواقع يعتمد عليها الجمهور في الحصول على المعلومات حول قضايا المجتمع السعودي، والأسباب التي تدفع الجمهور للاعتماد على هذه المواقع في المعرفة بقضايا المجتمع، وما إذا كانت هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في دوافع متابعة الجمهور السعودي لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في المعرفة بقضايا المجتمع السعودي تبعاً لسماتهم الديموغرافية، ومدى وجود علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين درجة اعتماد الجمهور السعودي على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في المعرفة بقضايا المجتمع السعودي وبين دوافع متابعة الجمهور السعودي لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، واستخدم الباحث المنهج المسحي والاستبانة أداة للحصول على المعلومات الرئيسية من أفراد العينة البالغ عددهم (893) مفردة من سكان مدينة الرياض من السعوديين، وكشفت نتائج الدراسة تركز اعتماد أفراد العينة على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في المعرفة بقضايا المجتمع بالدرجة الأولى على الدوافع المعرفية، وأن الاعتماد على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في متابعة قضايا المجتمع السعودي تركز على متابعة القضايا الاجتماعية، كما أظهرت النتائج اعتماد الجمهور على موقع التواصل تويتر بدرجة كبيرة في الحصول على المعلومات عن قضايا المجتمع السعودي.
الابتعاث الخارجي للمرأة السعودية ودوره في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية "مبتعثات المنطقة الشرقية نموذجا"
Authors: خلود عطيه الثقفي خلود عطيه الثقفي
Published: January 2020

تسعى هذه الدراسة حول "الابتعاث الخارجي للمرأة السعودية ودوره في تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية "مبتعثات المنطقة الشرقية نموذجا" الى الكشف عن دور الابتعاث في النهوض بواقع المرأة السعودية والارتقاء بها علميا وخبراتيا، وما شكله الابتعاث من نقطة قوة في ترسيخ دور المرأة السعودية في مسيرة التنمية بالمملكة ومشاركتها الفعالة في الدفع قدما بعجلة التنمية والتطور، بفضل القيادة الرشيدة التي نهضت بواقع المرأة وحثها على طلب العلم و المعرفة لصقل خبراتها ومواهبها، ودعمها ماديا وقانونيا وأسريا مما سهل عملية انخراط المرأة في المسار التعليمي والعملي، ومكنها من النجاح والتميز والحصول على وظائف سامية والتموقع في كل المجالات، بل وابدعت في ذلك رغم بعض المعوقات الاجتماعية والثقافية التي كانت تشتغل بقوة ولا تزال تصطدم بها طموحات المرأة السعودية .محاولات جادة لتحقيق الطموح وتجاوز كل المعوقات والعراقيل رافقه ارتفاع متواصل في اعداد المبتعثات الى ارقى الجامعات الأجنبية، وهو ما دفع الباحثة الى محاولة تقصي دور ابتعاث المرأة السعودية الى الخارج في تعزيز التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المملكة، وامتدادات وحدود استثمار ما اكتسبته المبتعثات من قدرات علمية ومعرفية عند العودة الى ارض الوطن ، وقد اعتمدت الباحثة في ذلك على منهج المسح الاجتماعي بأسلوب العينة التي كانت في حدود 50مبتعثة من المنطقة الشرقية، مستخدمة في ذلك اداتي الاستبيان والمقابلات المفتوحة اللتان مكنتاها من الوصول الى نتائج موضوعيه منها الارتفاع التدريجي لإعداد المبتعثات رغم المعوقات الثقافية والاجتماعية ، الا انه وبفضل التشريعات والقوانين والتسهيلات التي منحتها المملكة لبناتها بما يتوافق ومبادئ الإسلام السمحة زاد من اقبال المرأة السعودية على الابتعاث ، وتحفيز الطالبات على إتمام مسيرتهن العلمية في ارقى الجامعات الأجنبية، وتحقيق طموحاتهن المعرفية ككفاءات علمية وعملية يقع ضخها في مرحلة لاحقة في شرايين اقتصاد المملكة للمشاركة في مسارات التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، وهو ما تعزز مع القيادة الرشيدة لخادم الحرمين التي أعطت تعليم المرأة أولوية مطلقة وتشجيعها على الابتعاث والارتقاء العلمي والخبراتي واستقطاب المبتعثات عند عودتهن الى ارض الوطن محملات برأسمال ثقافي، وشهادات علمية، وخبرات، خولت لهن اقتحام سوق الشغل بثقة و نجاح خاصة في اطار تفعيل نظام السعودة واستثمار الكفاءات السعودية ، استثمار للطاقات خاصة في المنطقة الشرقية نظرا لما عرفت به هذه المنطقة من موارد طبيعية وصناعية وثقل اقتصادي وديمغرافي مما سهل عملية الانفتاح الثقافي و تركيز المؤسسات والاستثمارات التي استقطبت نسبة كبيرة من الكفاءات النسائية التي تمتلك من الرساميل الثقافية والعلمية ما مكنها من الانخراط في مسارات التنمية، خاصة وان الابتعاث مثل نقطة قوة في تكوينهن العلمي والخبراتي، وحذق اللغة الإنجليزية التي سهلت توظيفهن في مجالات عديدة رغم بعض المعوقات والعراقيل التي واجهت بعض المبتعثات العائدات الى ارض الوطن و اصطدامهن بمعوقات ثقافية واجتماعية عرقلت اتمامهن لمسيرتهن التعليمية، و عدم قدرتهن على الحصول على فرص وظيفية تتلاءم وظروفهن الاسرية والاجتماعية ، غير ان النسبة الأكبر من المبتعثات عينة الدراسة مثلت لهن تجربة الابتعاث فرصة لتحقيق الطموح والنجاح واثبات الذات، والتموقع اجتماعيا كفاعلات ناشطات في التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية و تحقيق التنمية الشاملة والمستدامة.
تربية الأمة بأوائل مانزل من القران الكريم (صدر سورة العلق) "دراسة استقرائية استنباطية"
Authors: هناء عبد الله سليمان ابوداود هناء عبد الله سليمان ابوداود
Published: January 2020

يهدف البحث إلى بيان ضرورة إعادة النظر في أساليب تربية الأمة؛ فما عادت تُجدي المواعظ والمحاضرات ولا تؤثر الخطب والمقالات؛ وغَدَت تجارة الكلام هي التجارة الرائجة؛ ونحن نريد أفعالاً لا أقوالاً! تأملت في أقوال الصحابة رضوان اللهه عليهم والتي تؤكد في أكثر من رواية: (أوتينا الإيمان قبل القرآن) .. ومنهم الصحابي الجليل جندب بن عبد الله رضي الله عنه حيث قال: " كنا مع النبي ? و نحن فتيان حزاورة؛ فتعلَّمنا الإيمان قبل القرآن، ثم تعلَّمنا القرآن فازددنا إيماناً ". فما هو الإيمان الذي أوتوه ؟ وما هي طريقة غرسه في القلوب ؟ لكن لم يطُل تساؤلي كثيراً ما دام جوابه ... قد ربَّاهم خير الخلق ? هادي الأمة وسيد البشرية .. وذلك بما علمه ربَّه ... فقلت: السِّر أيضاً في أوائل ما نزل من القرآن، وفي نزول القرآن منجماً؛ فاقتضت حكمة الله أن ينزل القرآن شيئاً فشيئاً مفرَّقاً تزكيةً للنفوس وتثبيتاً للإيمان.. وقد اتفق أهل التفسير على أن أوائل ما نزل من القرآن هي: سورة العلق وسورة المدثر وسورة المزمل، وغيرها من السور الكريمة. خطر ببالي فكرة .. أن أتتبع آيات هذه السور الكريمة وأستخرج ما فيها من قِيم قد غرست إيماناً صلباً في القلوب تربى عليه الرعيل الأول (الجيل الفريد ) لنحيي الأمَّة ونعيدها إلى كتاب ربها وهديه؛ وليستضيئ بها العالم أجمع.. ولا يكفي أن أشارك بها في مؤتمر أو أكتب بها بحثاً ولكن ننشر الخير في كل مكان بشتى طرق التواصل والتقنية الالكترونية ليعم النور أرجاء المعمورة.
الخصائص الطبوغرافية وتقدير كمية الحصاد المائي في قاع الجفر
Authors: ميسون الزغول ميسون الزغول
Published: January 2020

يُعد قاع الجفر التكتوني الأكبر في هضبة الأردن الجنوبية، ويحتل الجزء الأوسط من محافظة معان، وتبلغ مساحته 12400 كم²، ليشكل ما نسبته 37.7? من المساحة الكلية لمحافظة معان البالغة 32832 كم². وقد تشكل هذا الحوض نتيجة لسلسلة من الحركات التكتونية. وتُعد ظاهرة القيعان، ومناطق الانتشار المائي من أهم الأشكال الأرضية التي تميزه. والأهداف الأساسية لهذه الدراسة تمثلت في تحليل الخصائص الطبوغرافية، وتأثيرها على أنماط الأشكال الأرضية، وتقدير كمية الحصاد المائي في هذه المنطقة. وتم اشتقاق القيعان اعتماداً على الخريطة الطبوغرافية بمقياس 1: 50000، والصورة الفضائية لعام 2018وجاءت أبرز النتائج كما يلي: (1)- تميز التوزع الجغرافي للقيعان بالتركز في ثلاثة مناطق أساسية، على الرغم من انتشار القيعان على مساحة نسبتها 51% من مساحة منطقة الدراسة.(2)- تم اشتقاق 462 قاع جاف بمساحة قدرها 422.2كم²، والتي تُشّكل ما نسبته 3.4% من المساحة الكلية لمنطقة الدراسة، مع وجود اختلافات ذات دلالة في مساحاتها ما بين المساحة الصغيرة جداً حوالي 988,م² إلى الأكبر مساحة والمتمثلة بقاع الجفر والبالغة مساحتها250.1كم².(3)- أوضحت نتائج التحليل المكاني للقيعان أنها تتركز في المناطق ذات الارتفاعات ما بين 833-1047 م وبمتوسط ارتفاع 868.6م، وانحدار تراوح ما بين 0°-13°. Thiessen polygon method (4) تقدير معدل الأمطار المساحية الموزونة اعتماداً على نموذج معدل الأمطار للعام المطري 2016/2017 حوالي 6097.393 ملم، ومعدل عمق المياه في كافة القيعان حوالي 130.255 ملم خلال تلك السنة.
العوامل المؤثرة في الاختبار المباشر لمتعلمي اللغة الثانية القدرة على الكتابة
Authors: أنور سعد الجدعاني أنور سعد الجدعاني
Published: January 2020

يسلط المقال الضوء على بعض العوامل المؤثرة في اختبار مهارة الكتابة المباشرة لدى متعلمي اللغة الثانية. يعرض أهمية أربعة عوامل يمكن أن يكون لها تأثير في الاختبار المباشر لقدرات الطلاب على الكتابة. العوامل هي الوضوح، و الصلاحية، و الموثوقية، والمتعة والاهتمام. الوضوح ويقصد به أن يعرف المتعلم المطلوب منه بشكل سهل وسريع وواضح. أما الصلاحية فتعني أن يقيس الاختبار المهارات المطلوبة بدقة، والصلاحية لها أربعة أنواع: صلاحية الشكل، وصلاحية المحتوى، وصلاحية المعيار، وصلاحية الإنشاء. العامل الثالث هو الموثوقية، وهي أن تكون النتيجة ثابتة من اختبار إلى اختبار. العامل الأخير هو المتعة والاهتمام وذلك بأن يكون موضوع الاختبار من اهتمامات المعلم والمتعلم. اختتم المقال بأهمية رجوع مصممي الاختبار إلى تقييم جميع العوامل المتنوعة خلال مرحلة بناء الاختبار واختيار العوامل التي ستؤدي إلى اختبار عادل وصحيح يكون واضحًا وموثوقًا به ومثيرة للاهتمام جميع الأطراف المعنية
Линейные формы заданного диофантового типа и экспоненты решеток
Authors: German Oleg Nikolaevich
Published: January 2020

В данной работе мы доказываем теорему существования о линейных формах заданного диофантового типа и применяем ее для изучения структуры спектра экспонент решеток.
Библиография: 14 наименований.
De lo inmaterial a lo tangible. La exposición Poetas del cuerpo. La Danza de la Edad de Plata
Authors: Gómez Cifuentes Blanca
Published: January 2020

Este artículo analiza el proyecto expositivo Poetas del cuerpo. La danza de la Edad de Plata (Residencia de Estudiantes/Acción Cultural Española (AC/E), 2017), uno de los ejemplos de conservación, gestión y difusión de la danza más fructíferos llevado a cabo desde el ámbito museístico en los últimos años. Para ello, se estudian todos los elementos que conforman un proyecto expositivo, como la elaboración de los contenidos científicos, las cuestiones museográficas o su difusión, con las particularidades y complicaciones que implican la gestión del patrimonio cultural inmaterial. El objetivo de este estudio es, por tanto, ofrecer una nueva perspectiva en la gestión en danza más allá del trabajo sobre los escenarios.
Labor Market Dynamics
Authors: Shibata Ippei
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a hidden state Markov model (HMM) that incorporates workers’ unobserved labor market attachment into the analysis of labor market dynamics. Unlike previous literature, which typically assumes that a worker’s observed labor force status follows a first-order Markov process, the proposed HMM allows workers with the same labor force status to have different history-dependent transition probabilities. I show that the estimated HMM generates labor market transition probabilities that match
those observed in the data, while the first-order Markov model (FOM) and its many-state extensions cannot. Even compared with the extended FOM, the HMM improves
the fit of the empirical transition probabilities by a factor of 30. I apply the HMM
to (1) calculate the long-run consequences of separation from stable employment, (2) study evolutions of employment stability across different demographic groups over the past several decades, (3) compare the dynamics of labor market flows during the Great Recession to those during the 1981 recession, and (4) highlight the importance of looking beyond distributions of current labor force status.
Immigration and Wage Dynamics in Germany
Authors: Klinger Sabine , Musayev Anvar , Natal Jean-Marc , Weber Enzo
Published: January 2020

German wages have not increased very rapidly in the last decade despite strong employment growth and a 5 percentage point decline in the unemployment rate. Our analysis shows that a large part of the decline in unemployment was structural. Micro-founded Phillips curves fit the German data rather well and suggest that relatively low
wage growth can be largely attributed to low inflation expectations and low productivity growth. There is no evidence – from either aggregate or micro-level administrative data – that large immigration flows since 2012 have had dampening effects on aggregate wage growth, as complementarity effects offset composition and competition effects.
Post-Crisis Changes in Global Bank Business Models
Authors: Caparusso John , Chen Yingyuan , Dattels Peter , Goel Rohit , Hiebert Paul
Published: January 2020

The Global Financial Crisis unleashed changes in the operating and regulatory environments for large international banks. This paper proposes a novel taxonomy to identify and track business model evolution for the 30 Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs). Drawing from banks’ reporting, it identifies strategies along four dimensions –consolidated lines of business and geographic orientation, and the funding models and legal entity structures of international operations. G-SIBs have adjusted their business models, especially by reducing market intensity. While G-SIBs have maintained international orientation, pressures on funding models and entity structures could affect the efficiency of capital flows through the bank channel.
Suriname
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: January 2020

Selected Issues
People's Republic of China-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: January 2020

Hong Kong SAR economy has been hit hard by both external and domestic shocks and fell into a technical recession in the third quarter. The economy is projected to start recovering next year, but the pace is expected to be gradual and both near- and medium-term risks have increased significantly, including from trade and technology tensions, ongoing social unrest, and structural challenges of insufficient housing supply and high income inequality.
The War for the Common Soldier
Authors: Carmichael Peter S.
Published: January 2020

How did Civil War soldiers endure the brutal and unpredictable existence of army life? This question is at the heart of Peter S. Carmichael’s sweeping study of men at war. Digging deeply into soldier letters, Carmichael focuses not on what soldiers thought, but rather on how they thought. He resists the idea that there was “a common” experience but looks into their own words to find shared threads in soldiers’ experiences.
Shelter in a Time of Storm
Authors: Favors Jelani M.
Published: January 2020

For generations, historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have been essential institutions for the African American community. Their nurturing environments not only provided educational advancement but also catalyzed the Black freedom struggle, forever altering the political destiny of the United States. In this book, Jelani M. Favors offers a history of HBCUs from the 1837 founding of Cheyney State University to the present, told through the lens of how they fostered student activism. Favors chronicles the development and significance of HBCUs through stories from institutions such as Cheyney State University, Tougaloo College, Bennett College, Alabama State University, Jackson State University, Southern University, and North Carolina A&T. He demonstrates how HBCUs became a refuge during the oppression of the Jim Crow era and illustrates the central role their campus communities played during the civil rights and Black Power movements. Throughout this definitive history of how HBCUs became a vital seedbed for politicians, community leaders, reformers, and activists, Favors emphasizes what he calls an unwritten "second curriculum" at HBCUs, one that offered students a grounding in idealism, racial consciousness, and cultural nationalism.
A Seedbed of Activism
Authors: Favors Jelani M.
Published: January 2020

This chapter discusses the history of the first black college established – The Institute for Colored Youth (ICY). The ICY would later be renamed Cheyney State University. Founded in 1837, the ICY became a critical staging ground for both the abolitionist movement and the early civil rights movement. With key players such as Ebenezer Bassett, Octavius Catto, and Fanny Jackson Coppin leading the school, the ICY set the template for how black educational institutions would create a pedagogy and praxis that encouraged and radicalized generations of youth to serve their communities as agents for change. Tragically, the most pivotal event of the school’s early years was the assassination of its beloved teacher and alum Octavius Catto in 1871 who was murdered in the streets of Philadelphia after playing a critical role in organizing support for the 15th amendment.
Illusions of Emancipation
Authors: Reidy Joseph P.
Published: January 2020

As students of the Civil War have long known, emancipation was not merely a product of Lincoln's proclamation or of Confederate defeat in April 1865. It was a process that required more than legal or military action. With enslaved people fully engaged as actors, emancipation necessitated a fundamental reordering of a way of life whose implications stretched well beyond the former slave states. Slavery did not die quietly or quickly, nor did freedom fulfill every dream of the enslaved or their allies. The process unfolded unevenly.
In this sweeping reappraisal of slavery's end during the Civil War era, Joseph P. Reidy employs the lenses of time, space, and individuals' sense of personal and social belonging to understand how participants and witnesses coped with drastic change, its erratic pace, and its unforeseeable consequences. Emancipation disrupted everyday habits, causing sensations of disorientation that sometimes intensified the experience of reality and sometimes muddled it. While these illusions of emancipation often mixed disappointment with hope, through periods of even intense frustration they sustained the promise that the struggle for freedom would result in victory.
Revolutionary Time
Authors: Reidy Joseph P.
Published: January 2020

Northerners and Southerners alike often viewed the Civil War as a revolution. For Confederates, secession promised a return to the era of the Founders when, they presumed, property rights in humans were secure. Unionists found ambiguity, not certainty, in the term revolution, eventually offsetting their fears of unrestrained violence with the belief that destroying slavery might entail unleashing revolutionary social change. Everyone, North and South, grappled with understanding the peculiarities of revolutionary time: its ability to accelerate, to slow down or stop, and even to move backward. As the end of the war drew near, the thought that the centuries-old institution of slavery had collapsed in little more than four years required suspending conventional wisdom about the passage of time. But for enslaved persons, those years seemed an eternity during which unknown thousands had perished before freedom arrived. Both privately and publicly, observers North and South pondered the fearsome toll that slavery and its violent destruction exacted upon the nation.
Casting
Authors: Blee Lisa , O’Brien Jean M.
Published: January 2020

This chapter takes up the cast of characters involved in setting the story of peaceful colonization in motion: the sculptor Cyrus Dallin and his engagement with the Massasoit in fashioning and casting Massasoit; the Improved Order of Red Men and the Massasoit Memorial Association in their imaginings of the Massasoit's role in creating the nation; and the Pilgrim Society, which provided the site for the original installation within a curated memorial landscape in Plymouth. This chapter argues that those who commissioned the original statue in Plymouth believed that men could prove their patriotism by possessing and appropriating Indians. When the statue was copied and took up residence in various locations, it continued to serve a related purpose in these different places over time. The statue filled the need in American popular culture for an innocent and innocuous reframing of the nation's founding principles of taking and profiting from Indigenous people.
The Peculiar Institution and the Making of Modern Psychiatry, 1840-1880
Authors: Gonaver Wendy
Published: January 2020

Though the origins of asylums can be traced to Europe, the systematic segregation of the mentally ill into specialized institutions occurred in the United States only after 1800, just as the struggle to end slavery took hold. This book examines the relationship between these two historical developments, showing how slavery and ideas about race shaped early mental health treatment in the United States, especially in the South. These connections are illuminated through the histories of two asylums in Virginia: the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, the first in the nation; and the Central Lunatic Asylum in Petersburg, the first created specifically for African Americans. Eastern Lunatic Asylum was the only institution to accept both slaves and free blacks as patients and to employ slaves as attendants. Drawing from these institutions' untapped archives, this book reveals how slavery influenced ideas about patients’ rights, about the proper relationship between caregiver and patient, about what constituted healthy religious belief and unhealthy fanaticism, and about gender. This early form of psychiatric care acted as a precursor to public health policy for generations.
Look but Don’t Touch
Authors: Helderman Ira
Published: January 2020

This chapter introduces psychotherapists’ therapizing religion approaches to Buddhist traditions. In these approaches, therapists analyze religious traditions using not only psychological methodologies (as in the discipline of psychology of religion), but psychotherapeutic theories founded on ideas about health and illness. They thus “therapize” religion. It explicates the work of Franz Alexander and Carl Jung in detail as two early representatives of these approaches - though the two arrived at very different conclusions about the pathological or positive content of Buddhist practice. It further explains that clinicians continue to therapize Buddhist traditions today, often to assess the healthfulness of Buddhist elements before “translating” or “integrating” them into their psychotherapies. This reveals the instability that lies within the relational configurations therapists imagine between the religious and the not-religious when they therapize Buddhist traditions. In their repositioning of psychotherapy within classifications like religion and science, even the early treatments of Jung and Alexander ultimately subvert the hard borderlines they mean to reinforce.
Keeping Meditation Religious and Psychotherapy Secular
Authors: Helderman Ira
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines psychotherapists personalizing religion approaches to Buddhist teachings and practices. Here clinicians can be dramatically influenced by Buddhist teachings, but, intent on maintaining a clear differentiation between Buddhist and psychotherapeutic practice, are loath to “mix” the two. Deep believing Buddhist clinicians betray no sign of Buddhist influence in actual therapy sessions eschewing embodied practices or explicit discussion of Buddhist concepts. They instead hold their Buddhist identities silently internal within “the person of the therapist,” thus “personalized.” The work of one of the most famous therapists to investigate Buddhist traditions, Erich Fromm, is detailed. Fromm’s innovative reconstructions of the terms “religion” and “secular” remain highly influential today. The chapter then describes contemporary therapists who keep their therapy offices clear of visible signs of Buddhist practice during their work day while, in the evenings, publicly speak on “Zen psychoanalysis” or even lead Buddhist communities. These therapists view their work to be fundamentally Buddhist in nature and their patients will sometimes seek them out precisely for their Buddhist association. Personalizing religion approaches thus blur boundaries between the religious and not-religious based on distinctions between the private and the public, the personal and the professional.
Integration Now
Authors: Hustwit William P.
Published: January 2020

Recovering the history of an often-ignored landmark Supreme Court case, William P. Hustwit assesses the significant role that Alexander v. Holmes (1969) played in integrating the South’s public schools. Although Brown v. Board of Education has rightly received the lion’s share of historical analysis, its ambiguous language for implementation led to more than a decade of delays and resistance by local and state governments. Alexander v. Holmes required “integration now,” and less than a year later, thousands of children were attending integrated schools.

Hustwit traces the progression of the Alexander case to show how grassroots activists in Mississippi operated hand in glove with lawyers and judges involved in the litigation. By combining a narrative of the larger legal battle surrounding the case and the story of the local activists who pressed for change, Hustwit offers an innovative, well-researched account of a definitive legal decision that reaches from the cotton fields of Holmes County to the chambers of the Supreme Court in Washington.
Introduction
Authors: Rocklin Alexander
Published: January 2020

This chapter examines the ways in which colonialism and imperial expansion have functioned as engines for processes of religion-making. Before the emergence of "Hinduism" in the early twentieth century, Indian and African Trinidadians frequently came together in temporary ritual communities that defied colonial assumptions about religion and race. They had other ways of imagining and performing sociality. It was only through the disciplining effects of colonial institutions that those assumptions became naturalized for colonized populations in Trinidad.
Converting Religion
Authors: Rocklin Alexander
Published: January 2020

This chapter, focusing on the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, looks at the ways in which disciplinary institutions (plantations, schools, orphanages, the police, courts, and jails) helped to insinuate colonial categories, including the category religion, into the lives of Indians. British ideals for religion and labor were intertwined in colonial Trinidad. The ruling classes hoped that Christianization would give Indian indentured laborers greater self-restraint and make them better workers. While most Indians did not convert, Christianity was the unstated norm for religion in the colony, and Indians used that authoritative model to translate their practices for colonial representatives, transforming those practices in the process.
Regulating Religion
Authors: Rocklin Alexander
Published: January 2020

This chapter analyzes a single set of incidents surrounding the killing of Indian laborers by the police during the commemoration of Hosay in 1884. Hosay was the only official "Indian" holiday in Trinidad, and police and administrators had to allow processions of a religious nature in order to maintain religious toleration in the colony, but such processions had to meet colonial norms for religion. When Indians violated newly enforced regulations for the public processions of Hosay in 1884 and the police opened fire on the crowds, there was a scramble after the fact to justify the killings by categorizing the 1884 Hosay as not-religion. This chapter examines the subtle violence of the imposition of a particular definition of religion on colonized peoples, and looks at a specific example of the overt violence the colonial government resorted to when people acted out dissenting models, defying colonial authority and performing religion differently.