bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Transfer Learning and Hierarchical Classifier to Diagnose Melanoma From Dermoscopic Images
Authors: Bansal Priti , Kumar Sumit , Srivastava Ritesh , Agarwal Saksham
Published: December 2020

The deadliest form of skin cancer is melanoma, and if detected in time, it is curable. Detection of melanoma using biopsy is a painful and time-consuming task. Alternate means are being used by medical experts to diagnose melanoma by extracting features from skin lesion images. Medical image diagnosis requires intelligent systems. Many intelligent systems based on image processing and machine learning have been proposed by researchers in the past to detect different kinds of diseases that are successfully used by healthcare organisations worldwide. Intelligent systems to detect melanoma from skin lesion images are also evolving with the aim of improving the accuracy of melanoma detection. Feature extraction plays a critical role. In this paper, a model is proposed in which features are extracted using convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning and a hierarchical classifier consisting of random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and adaboost is used to detect melanoma using the extracted features. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Fully Automatic Detection and Segmentation Approach for Juxta-Pleural Nodules From CT Images
Authors: Mekali Vijayalaxmi , Girijamma H. A.
Published: December 2020

Early detection of all types of lung nodules with different characters in medical modality images using computer-aided detection is the best acceptable remedy to save the lives of lung cancer sufferers. But accuracy of different types of nodule detection rates is based on chosen segmented procedures for parenchyma and nodules. Separation of pleural from juxta-pleural nodules (JPNs) is difficult as intensity of pleural and attached nodule is similar. This research paper proposes a fully automated method to detect and segment JPNs. In the proposed method, lung parenchyma is segmented using iterative thresholding algorithm. To improve the nodules detection rate separation of connected lung lobes, an algorithm is proposed to separate connected left and right lung lobes. The new method segments JPNs based on lung boundary pixels extraction, concave points extraction, and separation of attached pleural from nodule. Validation of the proposed method was performed on LIDC-CT images. The experimental result confirms that the developed method segments the JPNs with less computational time and high accuracy.
The Nature and Role of Perceived Threats in User Resistance to Healthcare Information Technology
Authors: Ngafeeson Madison N. , Manga Joseph A.
Published: December 2020

The efforts of the United States government in the past 15 years have included harnessing the power of health information technology (HIT) to improve legibility, lessen medical errors, keep costs low, and elevate the quality of healthcare. However, user resistance is still a barrier to overcome in order to achieve desired outcomes. Understanding the nature of resistance is key to successfully increasing the adoption of HIT systems. Previous research has showed that perceived threats are a significant antecedent of user resistance; however, its nature and role have remained vastly unexplored. This study uses the psychological reactance theory to explain both the nature and role of perceived threats in HIT-user resistance. The study shows that perceived helplessness over process and perceived dissatisfaction over outcomes are two unique instances of perceived threats. Additionally, the results reveal that resistance to healthcare information systems can manifest as reactance, distrust, scrutiny, or inertia. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Towards a Micro-Enterprise–Focused Digital Maturity Framework
Authors: Kuusisto Olli , Kääriäinen Jukka , Hänninen Kai , Saarela Martti
Published: December 2020

Digitalisation has been identified as one of the major trends changing society and business. However, companies are not making the most of all the opportunities that digitalisation has to offer. In the digital transformation process, it is important to start with assessing the current state. Digital maturity assessment can be used to analyse the current level of digital readiness and performance of an organisation. Micro-enterprises are the smallest group of enterprises and numerically the dominant enterprise type in economies. They differ from larger enterprises in terms of organisational characteristics, such as their unique attitude towards digital tools and application deployment. Furthermore, micro-enterprises are lagging behind in exploring the possibilities that come with digitalisation. This article describes the design process, usage possibilities, and initial experiences of a digital maturity model, especially from the viewpoint of micro-enterprises. As result, this article presents a micro-enterprise-focused self-evaluation framework providing holistic digital maturity status.
Keep IT Together
Authors: Meltzer Mor Brokman , Perez Dikla , Gelbard Roy
Published: December 2020

Prior research shows that project managers tend to avoid following the optimal work plan, and that this tendency is negatively influenced by the perceived complexity of the Gantt chart. This research introduces a central factor moderating this effect: the level of communication effort required by PMs (project managers) when managing IT (information technology) team members. To test this prediction, the researchers followed an experimental approach and manipulated the level of communication effort by defining two group types, which differed in the number of team members and the geographical distance between them (together or not). Research results show that the complexity level of the Gantt chart negatively affects PMs' motivation to adopt an optimal work plan, and importantly, findings suggest that the group type (together or not) attenuates this effect. Research findings also offer practical implications for managers seeking to influence PM's behavior and attenuate the negative impact of Gantt chart complexity without changing other aspects of the work plan.
How Does Fiction Inform Working Lives?
Authors: Bal P. Matthijs , Brokerhof Inge , Dóci Edina
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the relationships between fiction and working lives by exploring the roles of empathy and sustainability in how people read and perceive fiction in relation to their own private and working lives. The paper problematizes some notions manifesting within these relationships by discussing how ideology infiltrates both the understanding of concepts themselves as well as how they relate to each other. Hence, it thereby discusses how the individual experience of fiction has an effect on behavior but is influenced by ideological beliefs about society which are largely implicit to the reader herself. It thereby explains why fiction does not always enhance empathy. Using the distinction between aesthetic and ethical good, the paper elucidates how fiction may sustain an ideological version of empathy, and thus sustaining contemporary practices in the workplace and the economic system. The paper finishes with an exploration of how fiction may enable a reader to become aware of ideology, thereby opening possibilities to achieve more viable forms of social sustainability.
A Study of Opinion Leaders in Green Consumption in Taiwan Using the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)
Authors: Chen Chih-Ping , Tu Yanbin , Tung Y. Alex
Published: December 2020

Environmental and health concerns have prompted consumers to more carefully plan their food consumption. This can be evidenced by the increasing number of organic grocery stores in the past two decades. To date, consumer awareness in Western countries about environmentally friendly and healthy products is considerably high. However, in emerging economies, the concept of green/organic products and healthy lifestyles is still at early stages. Prior studies show that opinion leadership in many markets is the single strongest factor leading to the final purchase decision. In this research, the authors propose a conceptual framework using the well-known theory of reasoned action (TRA) to study consumers' green consumption attitude and behavior in Taiwan. The findings reveal that opinion leaders (OLs) play an important role in product awareness and information diffusion of green products in emerging markets. This paper contributes to the literature by applying the TRA using opinion leaders and validating the theory in the area of green consumption. We also discuss managerial implications of our findings.
COVID-19
Authors: Kanungo Sonal , Sharma Dolly , Aggarwal Alankrita
Published: December 2020

The novel corona or COVID-19 disease spread from Wuhan city of China. The virus spread rapidly around the different countries, and now there are 6,040,609 confirmed cases across the globe. People inflected with virus are suffering from respiratory problems, blood clotting, etc. It is evident to be more dangerous for older persons and those who are already facing other serious illnesses. The virus spreads mainly through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose of infected person when he coughs or sneezes. The purpose of this review is to focus on social and economic impact of COVID-19 in India and how the world will change because of this pandemic and what will be the ‘new normal' with and after this pandemic. This deadly virus has put the globe on alert because of its the high mortality rate and expansion of new number of cases rapidly. Until now, four lockdown phases had helped India to prevent the spike in the curve of new cases, but currently the authors are witnessing steeper rise in new corona cases every day.
Alcedoffula alcyonae Carriker (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) infesting belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) (Aves: Coraciiformes, Alcedinidae), in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Galloway Terry D.
Published: December 2020

Forty-one belted kingfishers, Megaceryle alcyon (Linnaeus) (Aves: Coraciiformes: Alcedinidae), from Manitoba, Canada were examined for ectoparasites in 1995–2020. One species of chewing louse, Alcedoffula alcyonae Carriker (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae), infested 48.8% of hosts. The mean intensity of infestation was 17.1, and mean abundance was 8.5 lice per bird. Distribution of infestation was highly aggregated. Although female lice outnumbered males, the sex ratio was not significantly different from 1.0. The ratio of nymphs to females was 2.6. An unidentified species of feather mite of the genus Proterothrix Gaud (Acari: Astigmatina: Proctophyllodidae) infested three of 35 hosts (8.6%). No mites were found in the quills of primary feathers from 19 birds, and no nasal mites were collected from 32.
Real-time assessment of plant photosynthetic pigment contents with an artificial intelligence approach in a mobile application
Authors: Prilianti Kestrilia Rega , Anam Syaiful , Brotosudarmo Tatas Hardo Panintingjati , Suryanto Agus
Published: December 2020

The assessment of the photosynthetic pigment contents in plants is a common procedure in agricultural studies and can describe plant conditions, such as their nutritional status, response to environmental changes, senescence, disease status and so forth. In this report, we show how the photosynthetic pigment contents in plant leaves can be predicted non-destructively and in real-time with an artificial intelligence approach. Using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model that was embedded in an Androidbased mobile application, a digital image of a leaf was processed to predict the three main photosynthetic pigment contents: chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin. The data representation, low sample size handling and developmental strategies of the best CNN model are discussed in this report. Our CNN model, photosynthetic pigment prediction network (P3Net), could accurately predict the chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin contents simultaneously. The prediction error for anthocyanin was ±2.93 mg/g (in the range of 0-345.45 mg/g), that for carotenoid was ±2.14 mg/g (in the range of 0-211.30 mg/g) and that for chlorophyll was ±5.75 mg/g (in the range of 0-892.25 mg/g). This is a promising result as a baseline for the future development of IoT smart devices in precision agriculture.
Surgical management of abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Barot Mithun , Yagnik Vipul D. , Patel Kirankumar , Dawka Sushil
Published: December 2020

Objective:

Tuberculosis (TB) can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is estimated that in 2018, 10 million people were affected with TB worldwide and there were 1.2 million TB deaths among human immunodeficiency virus-negative people. India has the highest TB burden in the world (27%), a significant proportion of which are of intestinal TB. The aims of this study were to assess clinical features and investigations for the diagnosis of abdominal TB and to analyze its various surgical manifestations and its management.

Materials and Methods:

From October 1, 2014, to October 30, 2016, a total of 50 patients meeting the inclusion criteria for the study, age between 15 and 65 years and diagnosis of symptomatic intestinal TB requiring surgery, were enrolled in the study. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the data.

Results:

Abdominal TB was most commonly seen in young adults. Intestinal obstruction was the most frequent presentation. The most common site of involvement in the present study was the ileum. Ultrasonography (USG) and X-ray were an integral part of the diagnosis, with computed tomography (CT) scan being rarely required. Although both anemia and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are nonspecific, they may help in supporting the clinical and pathological findings. Most operations were elective, with intestinal obstruction being the most common indication and resection and end-to-end anastomosis performed most often. Histopathological examination was performed in all patients and showed caseating granuloma in 90% of cases, while 10% of cases had chronic noncaseating granulomas with ill-defined aggregates of epithelioid histiocytes.

Conclusion:

Abdominal TB causes a significant problem in diagnosis due to nonspecific symptomatology and lack of specific laboratory tests. USG and X-ray were an integral part of the diagnosis. CT scan is rarely required. Although anemia and ESR are both nonspecific features, they may help in supporting the clinical and pathological findings. The most common site of involvement in the present study was the ileum. Intestinal obstruction was the most common indication for operation, with resection and end-to-end anastomosis being the most common operation. The mainstay of treatment is medical therapy and timely surgical intervention is required in a sizable number of patients.
Optimal Multi-Reservoir Operation for Hydropower Production in the Nam Ngum River Basin
Authors: Kimmany Bounhome , Ruangrassamee Piyatida , Visessri Supattra
Published: December 2020

This research aims to investigate optimal hydropower production of multi-reservoirs in Lao PDR and develop optimal reservoir rule curves. The Nam Ngum 1 and 2 (NN1 and NN2, respectively) reservoirs in the Nam Ngum River basin (NNRB), which is located in the middle of Laos, are selected as study areas. Mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) is developed as an optimization model to maximize the hydropower production of joint reservoir operation of NN1 and NN2. The optimal operation rule curves are established by using the storage level estimated by the optimization model. Given the limited sideflow data, an integrated flood analysis system (IFAS) and water balance equation are used to simulate the sideflow into NN1 reservoir. A good fit is observed between the monthly streamflow simulated by IFAS and that calculated by the water balance equation. Compared with the observed data, the MINLP model can increase the annual and monthly hydropower production by 20.22% (6.01% and 14.21% for NN1 and NN2, respectively). The water storage level estimated by the MINLP model is used to build the operation rule curves. Results show that the MINLP model of multi-reservoir is a useful and effective approach for multi-reservoir operations and is expected to hold high application value for similar reservoirs in NNRB.
Performance Comparison of Two-phase LP-based Heuristic Methods for Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Three Objectives
Authors: Horng Sophea , Yenradee Pisal
Published: December 2020

This paper develops a two-phase LP-based heuristic for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). It considers three objectives: (1) minimizing the total costs of fuel consumption and overtime, (2) maximizing the total personal relationships between customers and drivers, and (3) balancing the delivery weights of vehicles. The two-phase LP-based heuristic (cluster-first route-second) is proposed. First, in the clustering stage, three LP-based clustering models (denoted by C1, C2, and C3) are developed. Customers are grouped into clusters based on real distances between the customers for C1, personal relationships between the customers and drivers for C2, and the delivery weights of vehicles for C3. Second, in the routing stage, an LP-based traveling salesman problem model is used to form a route for each cluster, to minimize the total costs of fuel consumption and overtime labor. The experimental results from a case study of Thai SMEs show that when the C2 clustering model is applied, the performances are the best. Significant contributions of this paper include: (1) it is an original paper that proposes the C2 clustering model, and it has the best performances based on the experimental results, and (2) the proposed two-phase LP-based heuristic methods are suitable for practical use by SMEs since the required computational time is short, and it has multiple models with different objectives that can be selected to match a user's requirements.
Detection of Distorted Meat Image for Pork Grading System
Authors: Sarma Daisy , Ubolkosold Pakorn , Patchoo Wisarn
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes a method that detects optical distorted areas (aka bubble) in pork images. By correctly identifying and discarding the images containing the unwanted bubbles, a significant improvement of pork image classification (or pork grading) in terms of accuracy has been achieved. The proposed bubble detection method relies on a particular set of image pre-processing techniques followed by morphological and region segmentation operations and is designed to attain the highest bubble detection accuracy for the detection of distorted images. Combining the proposed method with a typical pork image classification technique, the overall classification accuracy has been obtained as high as 96%.
Socio-Political Tension in the Russian Society: Case Study of Youths of the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Efimova Sabina Rafailevna , Khramova Evgeniya Valerevna
Published: December 2020

This article explores the level of socio-political tension in Tatarstan. The object of the study is the youth social group as a bearer of social activism. The investigation methodology is based on conflict audit technology. Technology involves the use of markers to assess sociopolitical tensions. The main evaluation marker identified a request for social justice. The distinctive characteristics of youth groups are the discretion of group affiliation, the lack of formed ideological attitudes and the latent nature of the formation of the general ideology of various youth communities. The political activism of the Russian youth does not have a pronounced ideological character and is not a decisive factor in the formation of socio-political tensions. It is concluded that the interest in the study of young people who as a group lack common ideological positions is scientifically relevant, even within radicalized communities and with comparative political identities. Consequently, the presence of stable ideological positions will contribute, in principle, to the launching of internal integration processes in these communities and to a stable organization of their discourses and struggles.
Unity of law and legal act as a key principle of the rule of law
Authors: Gilmullin Ainur Razifovich , Krasnov Eduard Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

This article discusses one of the key principles of the rule of law, such as the principle of unity of law. Consequently, the opinions of scholars who define this principle were a naturalized and their main characteristics stand out. In addition, the article provides an attempt to compare the principle of unity of law with the principles of the rule of law and highlight its general characteristics and differences. In methodological terms, the technique of documentary research and comparative hermeneutics was used. It is concluded that the categories of "rule of law" are understood by several authors very differently, there is no consolidation in the definition of this concept; often the above principles contradict each other: they express the static or dynamics of the rule of law, so they require additional doctrinal legal awareness and study. Under modern socio-political conditions, it would be better to use unity of law as the principle of the rule of law; because, it is the principle of unity of law that can provide effective and rational protection and realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, societies and states.
Taxonomy of compulsory and incentive legal consequences (legal measures) of committing illegal acts
Authors: Kazachenko Oleksandr V. , Vasyliaka Olesia K. , Chornozub Larysa V. , Musychenko Olha M.
Published: December 2020

The article is prepared for the purpose of publishing the results of scientific research obtained in the process of applying the taxonomic methodology for systematization of measures of legal influence. The methodology used the approaches of philosophical and legal theorization, a dog and systemic functional. One way of conclusion is proposed for the first time to use the taxonomies of legal measures. The study highlighted three aspects of legal measures: relational, predicate and functional. The relational manifestation of taxonomy allowed to identify the substrate of the external form of legal influence, which is the measure. It has been established that the form and method of legal influence is the dominant element of each legal measure. The predicative dimension of taxonomy allowed to form a taxonomic system of information in which the following taxonomic categories and taxa are distinguished: type - social events; subtype - legal measures; class - public and private legal measures; gender - separation of legal measures according to their sectoral affiliation; subgenre: the allocation of incentives and coercive measures; supervision - legal measures in their various forms and other measures that have no signs of legal liability.
Environmental crime: dialectical and criminological vision
Authors: Golubev Stanislav Igorevich , Gracheva Julia Viktorovna , Malikov Sergey Vladimirovich , Chuchaev Alexander Ivanovich
Published: December 2020

Traditionally, environmental crimes have been difficult to penalize both in Russia and abroad. Russian environmental legislation is not codified, it is a complex conglomerate of a wide variety of legal acts that are condemned to take into account the classification of environmental crimes and their delimitation of related crimes. Accordingly, the article examines the status, causes and some measures to prevent environmental crimes. The general methodological basis of the research was formed by the basic provisions of the dialectical method of the study of the phenomenon of legal in its text-context relationship. All the evidence can be concluded that the reasons for the production of environmental crimes include the ineffectiveness of the activities of law enforcement agencies, economic determinants and reasons in the field of legal awareness. In addition, the analysis of the statistical table of environmental crimes recorded a clear disproportion between the real situation in the field of ecology and the fight against such crimes. At the same time, the most significant factor that distorts the real image of environmental crimes is there and recursion latency in the concrete.
The investigator as an independent subject of criminal prosecution in cases of terrorist crimes
Authors: Epihin Alexander Yurevich , Zaitsev Oleg Aleksandrovich , Gataullin Zyufyar Shakirovich , Tatyanina Larisa Gennadyevna , Mishin Andrey Viktorovich
Published: December 2020

This article aims to study the theory and practice of criminal prosecution of terrorist crimes in the Russian Federation. Most of the scientific work is mainly devoted to the study of criminal law and the criminological aspects of the fight against such criminal activities. It is therefore of particular importance to identify the problems of legal regulation of the investigator's activities in order to prosecute criminal offences and develop proposals for their optimal resolution. Cognitionic methods include: an anthropological, synthesis, statistics, partner, particular, systemic structural, legal modeling. In the Russian federation the prosecutor has judicial supervision in the criminal proceedings. Everything concludes that Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 87-87-05.06.2007 redistributed control of the criminal proceedings by the investigator of the corporation a series of substantive rights of the chief prosecutor of the investigating body. In this sense, the optimal proportion of departmental control and tax supervision of the investigator, such as the establishment of a reasonable balance of these powers of control and supervision, increases the effectiveness of criminal prosecution of terrorism offences.
Tendencies for the Development of Marriage Conflict Legal Regulation with the Participation of Foreigners and Persons without Citizenship in the Post-Soviet Space
Authors: Bodurova Gulshan Gurezovna , Tagaeva Sanavbar Nazirkulovna
Published: December 2020

The article describes trends in the development of legal regulation linked to collisions that regulate marriage matters under the laws of post-Soviet countries. At the methodological level it is a comparative research of documentary basis. It is noted that, despite the general historical development of legal institutions and ongoing harmonization, the regulation of the principles of marriage collision has its own peculiarities in the countries of the former Soviet Union. This trend is explained by the specific and heterogeneous regulation of marriage and family relations in the legislation of different countries. But in the context of integration processes, the displacement of people from one country to another, marriage and family relationships also tend to develop. The article provides comparative analysis of the vast material, especially regulatory legal acts of post-Soviet countries, which regulate marriage and family relations in order to identify common and special characteristics. They revealed trends in the regulation of marriage conflicts in post-Soviet countries, as well as the regulation of marriage disputes in a consular office or diplomatic mission.
State regulation efficiency of food companies of Russia in sanction period
Authors: Baleevskikh Alexander Sergeevich , Katlishin Oleg Ilyasovich
Published: December 2020

The article is dedicated to the new political course of the Russian Federation, aimed at overcoming the economic blockade of the countries of Europe, as well as the United States. Effective management of food enterprises should take into account the new economic con-ditions for the functioning of the food economic subsector. In view of the crisis associated with the spread of coronavirus, falling oil prices, the ruble situation, the development of an economic course to adapt the Russian food industry becomes paramount. Therefore, the purpose of this article is a set of government measures to regulate the dairy food complex of the Russian Federation, both federally and regionally for the period 2008-2018. An analysis of the dynamics of milk industry indicators showed that the level of self-sufficiency for the period 2008-2018 was below the standard: 0.90. The study correlated the economics "im-port" and "self-sufficiency". Based on the data, it is concluded that the Russian Federation needs global innovation in the food industry mainly to the effective management of the agricultural dairy subsector.
Dynamics of the implementation of the protective role in the conduct of crimes: the practice of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
Authors: Balobanova Dariia , Gorbachova Iryna , Otsyatsya Anastasiia , Dmytruk Mykhailo , Khylchenko Anastasiia
Published: December 2020

Criminal law offers the possibility of interfering with human life. To avoid such unjustified interference, society and the state must guarantee that human and civil rights are protected and that the standards established in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms are observed. Therefore, it is important to analyze the dynamics of the implementation of the protective function in the conviction of crimes in the interpretation of the European Court of Human Rights ECHR. In the methodological, he made of dialectics and documentary observation. The work aims to analyze the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, which tracks the dynamics of the protection function in sentencing for crimes. As a result of the study, the dynamics of the protection function in sentencing for criminal offenses were clarified through the practice of the ECHR, the problematic issues of the implementation of the protection function were analyzed in the example of Ukraine and foreign countries, and proposals were made, to use the practice of the ECHR as a “living tool” for the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms.
Jurisprudence of the European court of human rights in the choice of precautionary measures in criminal proceedings: legal realities and perspectives
Authors: Romantsova Svitlana , Zinkovskyy Igor , Komisarchuk Ruslan , Balatska Olha , Strelbitska Lesia
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the problems of application of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in the selection of precautionary measures in criminal cases in accordance with Ukrainian law. Since the procedural legislation of Ukraine is currently not perfect in the framework of the establishment and regulation of the application of precautionary measures, the decisions of the ECHR serve as an indispensable regulator of this issue. The objective of the work is to study the peculiarities of the application of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in the selection of precautionary measures in criminal proceedings. The subject of the investigation is the jurisprudence of the ECHR in the context of the choice of precautionary measures in the criminal process. The research methodology included and combined the dialectical method, logical and legal method, analysis, synthesis. By way of conclusion, the study shows that the practice of the ECHR is mandatory to take into account not only the courts but also the investigators and prosecutors, who legally have the right to request the court to apply such precautionary measures.
Öz Liderlik ve Mutluluk Arasındaki İlişkinin Öğretmen Algılarına Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: FİDAN Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmada öğretmen görüşlerine göre öz liderlik ile mutluluk arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya Ankara ilinde yer alan okullarda görev yapan 173 öğretmen katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla “Yenilenmiş Öz Liderlik Ölçeği-YÖLÖ” ile “Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu-OMÖ-KF” kullanılmıştır. Veriler aritmetik ortalama, Pearson korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların öz liderlik ve mutluluklarının yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. Yapılan korelasyon analizi, öz liderlik alt boyutları ile mutluluk arasında orta ve yüksek düzeyde ilişkiler olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Regresyon analizi sonuçları ise öğretmenlerin mutluluklarında öz liderliğin önemli bir etmen olduğunu göstermiştir.
Interpreting Service: Educating Child Language Brokers through Service-Learning
Authors: Sandler Julia
Published: December 2020

How might a service-learning course help child language brokers (Tse, 1996) minimize negative effects and maximize the cognitive and academic benefits of language brokering? This question is answered with data from an ethnographic case study of a high school service-learning course in translation and interpreting. Heritage speakers of Spanish and less commonly taught languages serve as volunteer interpreters at local schools while learning the skills, habits and ethics of professional interpreting in this course. The theoretical lens of self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977; 2006) is used to analyze how this curriculum affects students. This article also contributes to evolving definitions of service-learning for heritage language speakers, arguing that language brokering that students do for their families and communities should be seen as a pre-existing “service” that can be utilized in the prepare-act-reflect cycle of service-learning. Analysis of the data shows that this cycle is key to supporting students in building the confidence and skills to pursue careers in professional interpreting and helping them manage their family interpreting experiences. Students demonstrated increased self-efficacy perceptions in terms of interpreting, academic achievement and general life events, although the role that service-learning played in the latter two outcomes is still unclear.
Blending virtual reality with traditional approaches to encourage engagement with core chemistry concepts relevant to an undergraduate pharmacy curriculum
Authors: Hall James Pearce , Allman Sarah Ann
Published: December 2020

Students studying pharmacy often lack motivation to engage with chemical principles. In particular, they often find fundamental chemical concepts such as the visualisation of three-dimensional structures challenging. This programme description reports the design and implementation of a teaching session where stand-alone virtual reality (VR) technology was offered alongside traditional methods of instruction in an attempt to encourage students to engage with fundamental chemistry concepts relating to the three-dimensional structures of drug molecules. By using VR technology in combination with paper-based in-class exercises and supporting material delivered via a virtual learning environment, the authors demonstrate that virtual reality could be used to both reinforce learning and enhance engagement with a topic which students often find challenging. A blended approach employing different methods of delivery presents the advantage that it allows the user control over the level of interaction with each individual element. As such, VR becomes a valuable instructional tool rather then the focus of the session or a distraction. To evaluate the sessions, student feedback was collected using a ‘ballot-box’ system where students could provide anonymous free response comments. Feedback from the session was overwhelmingly positive and it was noted that the optional use of VR technology kept students engaged in tackling paper-based exercises in an area of curriculum which learners often find difficult. It is noted that a blended approach can help to overcome several of the barriers in the use of VR in a classroom setting. In addition, it highlights that effective deployment of such technology is both viable and beneficial on a classroom scale. In the future, the authors hope to apply these methods to other parts of the curriculum
Clinical practice guidelines appraisal and utilisation by Pharm.D. students
Authors: Thomas Dixon , Zachariah Seeba , Akers Julie
Published: December 2020

Objective: To assess the appraisal and utilisation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) by pharmacy final-year students.
Methods: Four CPGs of 2017 were appraised by pharmacy students using the AGREE-II instrument. The utilisation of CPGs by pharmacy students was assessed using a cross-sectional survey and results were analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test.
Results: Of the six AGREE-II domains for CPGs, two domains were mid to high (>90%), two domains 76% each, and the last two domains <60%. The utilisation of CPGs by pharmacy students as a reference in reports/presentations were high. Students felt that they are relatively better able in lower Bloom's cognitive levels (knowledge and comprehension) than the higher abilities of application, evaluation, and creation of clinical guidelines, (p-value 0.006).
Conclusions: Among AGREE-II domains, lower scores for CPGs were in editorial independence and applicability. Evaluation of CPGs by students is a useful tool to comprehend differences in their quality. More CPGs-related training in higher Bloom's cognitive levels is required for the Pharm.D. students.
Upgrading pharmacy education to produce practice-ready pharmacists in Lebanon
Authors: Sacre Hala , Hallit Souheil , Hajj Aline , Zeenny Rony M , Raad Elie , Akel Marwan , Sili Georges , Salameh Pascale
Published: December 2020

Background: Pharmacy is a steadily evolving profession that brings about changes in practice, where the pharmacist should fulfil novel expanded roles. As such, pharmacy education has to adapt to these local and international changes and follow scientific progress to graduate practice-ready pharmacists. The authors’ objective is to suggest a roadmap with practical solutions to scale-up pharmacy education in Lebanon and produce practice-ready pharmacists with specialised competencies while curbing the number of non-specialised graduates.
Methods: To reach this objective, the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon (OPL) has considered adopting the post-graduate training system to meet the needs of the country, based on scientific and social development.
Results: The Board of the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon agreed on the concept of the post-graduate training system for all pharmacists registering with the OPL. Consequently, the scientific committee at the OPL, in collaboration with relevant stakeholders, developed post-graduate competencies and related activities in two parts (general core competencies and advanced specific competencies), to be applied by academia and pharmaceutical institutions. This project would raise the level of the profession, improve readiness to practice in different fields, and indirectly reduce the number of non- specialised pharmacy graduates.
Conclusion: This paper suggests a road map with practical solutions, including core and specialised competencies acquired in post-graduate training and assessed through a licensure examination, to scale-up pharmacy education in Lebanon and produce practice-ready pharmacists. Further work is necessary to explore the applicability of these documents and confirm their validity in different fields of practice.
Does the Death Penalty Deter Homicide in Japan?
Authors: Johnson David T.
Published: December 2020

Unlike the United States, where death penalty and deterrence studies are legion, there has been little research about the death penalty and deterrence in Japan, though the paucity of studies has not discouraged citizens and officials from making confident claims about this issue. Indeed, deterrence has been called “the core of argumentation for and against” the death penalty in Japan. Serious research on this subject has been all but impossible because of difficulties obtaining decent crime data from the Japanese government. This paper uses monthly homicide and robbery-homicide statistics that were previously unavailable to examine whether death sentences and executions in Japan deterred these crimes from 1990 to 2010. The main finding is that the death penalty did not deter homicide or robbery-homicide during this period. More research is needed on this subject, but at present the Japanese government has no sound basis for continuing to claim that the country needs to retain the death penalty because it deters heinous crime.
Normalising Intolerance: Elections, Religion and Everyday Life in Indonesia
Authors: Hamid Sandra
Published: December 2020

Indonesia was built on the premise of pluralism, as enshrined in the state ideology, Pancasila but tension over the relationship between religion and the state has always been present. Recently, ‘othering’ along primordial lines became a prominent part of political and social discourse. During the 2017 Jakarta elections, the country saw divisive public debates and mobilisation, anchored in the intersection of politics and faith, driven by intolerance and primordialism. Having ignored the issue for decades, most Indonesians were caught off-guard. Why did this happen, and what does it mean for Indonesian democracy? In this paper, Dr Hamid looks at the every-day lives of Indonesians and asks what has allowed religious intolerance to take centre stage?
Islamic Preaching and State Regulation in Indonesia
Authors: Millie Julian , Syarif Dede , Fakhruroji Moch
Published: December 2020

Indonesia’s Muslim preachers carry out their mission in a regulatory environment that is liberal when compared with the demanding regulations negotiated by preachers in Brunei and Malaysia. In recent times, however, the Indonesian government has given signs that it might favour a stricter regime of supervision and control. The authors – all of them social scientists with experience in studying Islamic communication in Indonesia – evaluate the pros and cons of such a move. Throughout this working paper, the authors approach preaching as a variety of public communication, but do not assume that preaching messages should faithfully replicate national norms of ethical citizenship. After all, preaching is communication oriented to Indonesians in a specific context, namely the context created in their routines of Islamic worship and learning. The authors provide an overview of social and political contexts for Islamic preaching, and examine the norms and rules that currently constrain preaching, referring both to Islamic norms as well as Indonesia’s positive law. The paper’s recommendations confirm the appropriateness of the low level of regulation traditionally applied to Islamic preachers, and encourage the government to be more sensitive to the ways in which the policies of Indonesian governments provide models for preachers about how the nation’s diversity should be treated in public communication.
Presentación de Dossier
Authors: Dávila Figueroa Ruth Alejandra , García Cornejo Héctor
Published: December 2020

Presentación de Dossier:

Pensamiento crítico y Teoría crítica: El discurso crítico hoy, diversas figuras y fetichizaciones
Postmodern Edebiyat Bağlamında Paul Auster’ın Romanlarına Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: ÖZBAY Emrah
Published: December 2020

Günümüzde yazılan birçok roman postmodern edebiyat örnekleri olarak görülmektedir. Çağdaş Amerikalı yazar Paul Auster günümüzün en önemli ve popüler postmodern edebiyat temsilcileri arasında gösterilmektedir. Auster, birçok romanında New York şehrini mekanı olarak seçer ve karakterleri daima bir arayış içindeki postmodern göçebelerdir. Auster, okuyucularını ele aldığı postmodern bireylerin iç dünyalarında bir yolculuğa çıkartmaktadır. Auster’ın romanları gerek kullanılan teknikler gerekse seçilen temalar ile postmodernist edebiyat örneği olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle bir akım olarak postmodernizm ve postmodern edebiyat hakkında genel hatlarıyla bilgi verilecek ve bu iki terime ilişkin tanımlamalar sunulacaktır. Sonrasında, Auster’ın çeşitli romanlarından örnekler sunularak yazarın postmodern kimliğinin gözler önüne serilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Erzincan’daki Yurttaşların Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu Hakkındaki Farkındalık Düzeyi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: EFE Haydar , ARSLAN Hatice Nur
Published: December 2020

Geniş ölçekli bir anket çalışmasını içeren bu çalışma, Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu’na düşük başvuru oranına sahip olan Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki Erzincan merkez ilçede bulunan yurttaşların Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu hakkındaki farkındalık düzeyini saptamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, 15.04.2019 – 15.05.2019 tarihleri arasında Erzincan merkez ilçesinde yaşayan 18 yaş üzeri erkek ve kadın vatandaşlardan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada kullanılan anket soruları, araştırmacı tarafından tasarlanmıştır. Ombudsmanlık kavramına ve bilinirliğine ilişkin olarak geliştirilen 18 soruya verilen yanıtlar, SPSS 20 programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Anketten elde edilen bulgulara göre SPSS programında istatistiksel analizler ve testler uygulanarak Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu’na ilişkin farkındalık analiz edilmiş, analizler sonucunda Erzincan’da yaşayan yurttaşların büyük bölümünün Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumunu yeterince tanımadıkları ve buna bağlı olarak şikayet ya da hak aramada başvurulacak etkili bir mercii olarak görmedikleri anlaşılmıştır. Bu noktada, kurumun tüm ülkede tanıtılması ve toplumun güveninin kazanılması temel önemdedir. Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu’na başvurunun en düşük olduğu bölgeler ve bu bölgelerdeki gençler ve kadınlar başta olmak üzere tüm ülkede kurumun tanıtım faaliyetlerine özel önem vermesine dair önerilerde bulunulmaktadır.
Discrimination of Person Odor by Owned Domestic Dogs
Authors: Horowitz Alexandra
Published: December 2020

In the field of dog cognition research, many studies assume that their subjects have multimodal recognition of their owner: Experiments using the face or voice of the person have proliferated. An outstanding question is whether owned domestic dogs represent the people with whom they live via smell. Olfaction is a principle sensory modality for dogs, and there is evidence that it is integral to recognition of conspecifics. In the current study, we investigated whether owned dogs spontaneously (without training) distinguished their owner's odor from a stranger's odor. Using natural body odor captured on a t-shirt, we found that dogs habituated to a familiar odor and dishabituated to an unfamiliar odor. This finding begins to answer the question of how dogs recognize and represent humans, including their owners.
Laterality of Eye Use by Bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) and Rough-Toothed (Steno bredanensis) Dolphins While Viewing Predictable and Unpredictable Stimuli
Authors: Lilley Malin K. , de Vere Amber J. , Yeater Deirdre B.
Published: December 2020

Laterality of eye use has been increasingly studied in cetaceans. Research supports that many cetacean species keep prey on the right side while feeding and preferentially view unfamiliar objects with the right eye. In contrast, the left eye has been used more by calves while in close proximity to their mothers. Despite some discrepancies across and within species, laterality of eye use generally indicates functional specialization of brain hemispheres in cetaceans. The present study aimed to examine laterality of eye use in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) under managed care. Subjects were video-recorded through an underwater window while viewing two different stimuli, one predictable and static and the other unpredictable and moving. Bottlenose dolphins displayed an overall right-eye preference, especially while viewing the unpredictable, moving stimulus. Rough-toothed dolphins did not display eye preference while viewing stimuli. No significant correlations between degree of laterality and behavioral interest in the stimuli were found. Only for bottlenose dolphins were the degree of laterality and curiosity ratings correlated. This study extends research on cetacean lateralization to a species not extensively examined and to stimuli that varied in movement and degree of predictability. Further research is needed to make conclusions regarding lateralization in cetaceans.