bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delamination detection on composite laminates using the modal displacement unevenness coefficient
Authors: Zhang Xu , Yin Xuechuan , Wei Li  , Lv Jianqi , Zhang Hongjie
Published: October 2022

This paper develops a new detection method taking the power function of the modal displacement curvature difference as a damage index to accurately identify the location and degree of the delamination. The 4-layer Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene films of size 0.02 m × 0.11 m are embedded between adjacent carbon fiber prepregs being 0.06 m and 0.115 m away from the left edge, respectively. The force-hammer excitation experiment is carried out on the prepared laminates with fixed supports at both ends, and the frequency response curves of measuring points are processed by the Polylscf algorithm in Dong-Hua Data Analysis System. The finite element model of delaminated laminates is established through adding new layers with film properties, and the modal displacements of nodes are compared with experimental data. The number of measuring points in the experiment is limited, making the precise characterization of surface abrupt characteristics difficult. The numerical results are used to calculate the square of the Gaussian curvature difference between the modal displacements of intact and damaged laminates. Significant improvement of the delamination detection accuracy is achieved in this process, confirming that the developed method constitutes a valuable tool for the Non-Destructive Testing of the laminates.
Gender Analysis of Education Budgets in Pakistan: Case Studies of Punjab and Sindh
Authors: Manzoor Rabia , Tabassum Rabia , Ahmed Vaqar , Rauf Abdul , Zahid Junaid
Published: October 2022

This study provides a gender analysis of public sector budgets in education sector. An in-depth analysis of pre-primary to secondary level education budgetary allocations and spending in Pakistan of 2016-18 has been conducted. The study identifies that 22.8 million children aging between 5-16 years were out of school in 2016-17. In Sindh, a vast portion of girls’ public schools is functioning without basic facilities while the state of basic facilities is relatively better in the Punjab. Furthermore, study finds noticeable gender disparities in budgets for public education sector. The study concluded that in order to ensure sufficient allocations to promote girls’ education budget making process needs to be reconfigured. The gender lens should be introduced at a very early stage where budget call circulars are being sent to the departments concerned.
The Daily Me Versus the Daily Others: How Do Recommendation Algorithms Change User Interests? Evidence from a Knowledge-Sharing Platform
Authors: Liu Jia , Cong Ziwei
Published: October 2022

Recommender systems on online platforms are often accused of polarizing user attention and consumption. The authors examine this phenomenon using a quasi-experiment conducted by Zhihu, the largest online knowledge-sharing platform (or Q&A community) in China. Zhihu originally used a content-based filtering algorithm, which recommends content to users on the basis of the topics to which each user has subscribed. After more than a year, Zhihu moved to a social filtering algorithm, which recommends content with which users’ social connections are already engaged. The authors find that this algorithm change increased the creation of social ties by approximately 15% but decreased question subscriptions by 20% and answer contributions by 23%. The authors show that users’ increased social interests mainly involved following popular users, leading to a greater concentration of social interests on the platform. However, users’ topical interests became less concentrated, as popular topics received significantly fewer subscribers than unpopular topics. The authors explain these findings by exploring the underlying mechanism. They show that compared with content-based filtering algorithms, social filtering algorithms are more likely to expose general users to content consumed by their followees, who are more interested in niche topics than general users are.
New perspectives for teaching Culture of Care and their strengths and challenges
Authors: Tremoleda Jordi L. , Kerton Angela , Mazhary Hibba , Greenhough Beth
Published: October 2022

Nurturing a culture of care remains a key strategy and needs to be well integrated in the education programmes for laboratory animal professionals. Addressing attitudes is a complex task that must ensure reflective learning approaches. Teaching strategies must facilitate a safe space to talk openly about emotions and caring responsibilities. We reflect on two training initiatives focusing on culture of care. Firstly, the ‘Care-full Stories’ tool, which uses fictionalised prompts (storytelling) to encourage participants to share their own stories from working in animal research. Feedback on its impact on establishing a safe space for sharing experiences and the importance of appreciating diverse perspectives between staff is discussed. Secondly, we provide feedback on the development of training approaches on animal research integrity and culture of care with low- middle-income international communities. Strategic targets addressing the multicultural diversity of the communities, recognising their specific needs and their access to resources, must be well defined. It is important to acknowledge the interconnection between people, animals and their shared natural environment when defining the culture of care concept and addressing the teaching approaches. We discuss both the positive outcomes and challenges of these two learning experiences to support innovation when planning tools for teaching culture of care. Accounting for ‘how’ and ‘where’ the training will be delivered remains key to its successful uptake and local sustainability. Supporting improved educational tools to ascertain why caring has an impact on our professional lives will have a direct impact on the wellbeing of laboratory animal professionals worldwide.
A triangulation model for assessment of change in classroom behavior of medical teachers participating in faculty development program on lecturing skills
Authors: Ali Syed Muhammad Hammad , Ahsen Noor Fatima , Zil-E-Ali Ahsan
Published: October 2022

Background & Aims

We utilized a triangulation method of a faculty development program's (FDP) evaluation comprising short-course workshops on classroom behaviors and lecturing skills of basic sciences faculty in a medical school.

Methods & Results

This study utilized data from the pre and post evaluation of classroom lectures by an expert observer. Course participants were observed before the inception of a 4-month FDP and after 6-months of program completion. Findings at 6-month post-FDP interval were supplemented with students’ and participant's self-evaluation. Expert evaluation of 15 participants showed that more participants were summarizing lectures at the end of their class (p = 0.021), utilizing more than one teaching tool (p  =  0.008) and showing a well-structured flow of information (p = 0.013). Among the students, majority (95.5%, n  =  728) agreed on “teachers were well-prepared for the lecture”, however, a low number (66.1%, n  =  504) agreed on “teachers were able to make the lecture interesting”. On self-evaluation (n =  12), majority of the participants (91.7%, n  =  11) thought these FDP workshops had a positive impact on their role as a teacher.

Conclusions

Gathering feedback from multiple sources can provide a more holistic insight into the impact of an FDP and can provide a robust framework for setting up future FDP targets.
Yarn-dyed fabric defect detection based on an improved autoencoder with Fourier convolution
Authors: Xiang Jun , Pan Ruru , Gao Weidong
Published: October 2022

Compared with solid-colored fabrics, the textures in yarn-dyed fabric images are more complex, making the task of defect detection more challenging. To achieve efficient detection, this study proposes an automatic detection framework for dyed fabric defects. The proposed framework consists of a hardware system and a detection algorithm. For efficient and high-quality acquisition of fabric images, an image acquisition assembly equipped with three sets of light sources and a mirror was developed. In addition, a defect detection algorithm based on Fourier convolution and a convolutional autoencoder is proposed. Abandoning the common way of adding noise, this paper proposes to generate image pairs for training using a random masking method in the training phase. In the autoencoder, some traditional convolutional layers are replaced with Fourier convolutional layers. Ablation experiments verify the effectiveness of the mask generation method and Fourier convolution. Compared with other defect detection methods, the proposed method achieves the best performance, which verifies the superiority of the method. The maximum detection speed of the developed system can reach 41 meters per minute, which can meet real-time requirements.
New insights into the pyrolysis of n-tetradecane using ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations: Implications for understanding the thermal cracking of subsurface crude oil
Authors: Li Meijun , Han Qiuya , Liu Xiaoqiang , Xu Jin , Chen Haochen , Ma Yuanyuan
Published: October 2022

The fragmentation of normal alkanes during the cracking of oil under geochemical conditions with high thermal stress is important for the preservation of crude oils in reservoirs and the formation of gaseous hydrocarbons. In this study, the kinetics behavior, cracking mechanisms, and products of n-tetradecane pyrolysis were investigated using reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulations at high temperatures (2000K∼3000 K). The pyrolysis process itself, its main products and intermediates, and kinetic behavior were analyzed at an atomic/molecular level. Low molecular weight (C1–C5) alkanes and olefins, together with H2, were the predominant intermediates and products of the simulations. Three distinct stages—a stable stage, initial decomposition, and secondary pyrolysis—can be distinguished during the decomposition process. The reactant n-tetradecane was exhausted when the simulation temperature reaches ∼2250 K, accompanied by a rapid increase in hydrocarbons with molecular numbers C1–C5. The yield of C2–C5 peaked at ∼2500 K and then decreased. The number of CH4 molecules increased continuously throughout the entire simulation process because of the contribution of secondary pyrolysis. The Arrhenius parameters obtained from ReaxFF MD simulations, on the basis of first-order kinetic analysis of n-tetradecane, were reasonably consistent with experimental data and generally in agreement with results from pyrolysis experiments on crude oils in the laboratory. The pyrolysis process and reaction mechanism of n-tetradecane were also reasonably consistent with laboratory pyrolysis experiments on whole oils and their individual components. ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation is therefore considered to be a valid approach for the study of thermal cracking of subsurface crude oils.
Performance, Spectacle, Affect: The Polygraph’s Sexual Politics
Authors: Lingel Jessica , Jaber Heather
Published: October 2022

Although the technical and psychological accuracy of the polygraph has been contested almost since the device’s inception, it continues to enjoy substantial popularity within law enforcement and federal agencies throughout North America. This paper excavates the sexual politics of the polygraph focused on two key arenas where the polygraph has been a popular and powerful tool: identifying LGBTQ applicants and employees within federal agencies and determining parole for convicted sex offenders. Key questions guiding this analysis include the following: What are the relationships between the polygraph and disciplining sexual deviance? How does the polygraph fit within a larger history of surveilling and controlling sexual alterity? Drawing on theories of affect and spectacle, the paper unravels the polygraph’s role as an accomplice to state-sanctioned projects of heteronormativity. Through analysis of training materials, practitioner memoirs, and policy guidelines, the polygraph is situated as an early precursor to surveillance infrastructure that attempts to identify, manage, and predict deviant sexuality.
Critiquing racist ideology as harmful social norms
Authors: Oh Keunchang
Published: October 2022

In what follows, I will argue that racist ideology should be understood in terms of racist social norms that constitute certain incentive structures. To this end, I will motivate my position by examining two existing accounts of ideology: those of Tommie Shelby and Sally Haslanger. First, I will begin by reconstructing Shelby’s account of racism as ideology. After analysing three dimensions of ideology (epistemic, genetic and functional), I will argue that his view is too cognitivist. In this regard, Shelby’s view is doxastic in viewing that racist ideologies consist in misguided beliefs. Rather, what is essential in ideology is its functional dimension. Here, ideologies persist because they function to stabilize and reinforce the unjust status quo of subordination and oppression. Then, I will turn to Haslanger’s account of ideology as cultural technēs. Her view is more functional than Shelby’s since the former is based on the account of social practice and culture. While Haslanger is right about her critique of Shelby’s cognitivist view of ideology, I argue that what she calls nonideal moral epistemology weakens her overall insight. The problem is that without considering how to intervene in concrete social mechanisms, merely knowing certain moral truths may not practically motivate subjects under ideologies. Taken together, both Shelby and Haslanger narrowly understand ideology in terms of epistemic deficiency. Even though Shelby and Haslanger deal with the discursive superstructure of ideology, both underestimate the functional substructure of ideology such as social and psychological motives, desires and needs. Ultimately, I will argue that ideology is better understood in terms of a racist social norm. This account is explanatorily superior to Shelby and Haslanger’s views in its stress on the nonepistemic, nonmoral and functional aspects of ideology.
The UK, the EU, and COVID-19: Media reporting, the recontextualisation of Eurosceptic discourse, and the fait accompli of Brexit
Authors: Copeland Paul , Maccaferri Marzia
Published: October 2022

This article analyses the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the evolving United Kingdom (UK) Eurosceptic discourse in the context of the UK’s departure from the European Union (EU). It applies a mixed-method approach of content analysis and critical discourse analysis of newspaper reporting of the EU’s handling of the pandemic vis-à-vis the UK during the first lockdown and the rollout of the vaccination programme. During the first lockdown, UK newspapers opted for muted politicisation and polarisation – they downplayed the success of strategies within the EU Member States, but attacked the EU. While during the vaccination rollout they shifted to vocal politicisation and vaccine nationalism which praised the UK, heavily criticised the EU and claimed the EU’s Member States suffered as a result of EU incompetence. Against this backdrop the COVID-19 pandemic has put into motion a self-reinforcing discursive shift in which the UK’s ability to go it alone not only justifies Brexit, but serves to prove that it will be a success.
The influence of semantic bias on triple non-identical cognates during reading: Evidence from trilinguals’ eye movements
Authors: Lijewska Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

The current study investigated how the processing of triple cognates (words sharing form and meaning across three languages) is modulated by the semantic bias of sentence context in a reading task. In the study, Polish–German–English trilinguals read English sentences while their eye movements were monitored. The sentences were either semantically biased (high-context) or neutral (low-context) towards target words. The targets were either Polish–German–English cognates whose cross-language form overlap was incomplete (e.g. DIAMENT–DIAMANT–DIAMOND) or English-only controls (e.g. KURCZAK–HÄHNCHEN–CHICKEN). The results revealed a significant effect of context in gaze durations and in total reading time. Importantly, no cognate facilitation effect was identified in any reading measure. The gaze duration data additionally revealed that English-only controls were read slower in low-context sentences than in high-context sentences but gaze durations for cognates were not affected by the sentence context. Thus, prior bilingual findings were only partially replicated in the current study with trilinguals. This suggests that bilingual models of language processing should be carefully adapted to trilinguals. The current data may also mean that non-identical cognates (even those shared across three languages) induce relatively small effects and large samples of participants and items may be needed to detect such effects across reading measures.
Sevoflurane alleviates lung injury and inflammatory response compared with propofol in a rat model of VV ECMO
Authors: Zhang Rongzhi , Zhai Kerong , Huang Jian , Wei Shilin , Yang Jianbao , Zhang Yanchun , Wu Xiangyang , Li Yongnan , Gao Bingren
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Although venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is a reasonable salvage treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), it requires sedating the patient. Sevoflurane and propofol have pulmonary protective and immunomodulatory properties. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of sevoflurane and propofol on rats with induced ARDS undergoing VV ECMO.

Methods

Fifteen sprague-dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: Con group, sevoflurane (Sevo) group and propofol (Pro) group. Arterial blood gas tests were performed at time pointsT0 (baseline), T1 (the time to ARDS), and T2 (weaning from ECMO). Oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) was calculated, and lung edema assessed by determining the lung wet:dry ratio. The protein concentration in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was determined by using bicinchoninic acid assay. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the lung pathological scores in each group. IL-1β and TNF-α were also measured in the BALF, serum and lung.

Results

Oxygenation index showed improvement in the Sevo group versus Pro group. The wet:dry ratio was reduced in the Sevo group compared with propofol-treated rats. Lung pathological scores were substantially lower in the Sevo group versus the Pro group. Protein concentrations in the BALF and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the Sevo group were substantially lower versus Pro group.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that compared with propofol, sevoflurane was more efficacious in improving oxygenation and decreasing inflammatory response in rat models with ARDS subject to VV ECMO treatment.
The Novelist and the Nationalist: Bankim Chandra in the Life of Subhas Chandra Bose
Authors: Mukerji Sumit
Published: October 2022

This article seeks to explore a hitherto unploughed field of research on Indian freedom movement in general and Subhas Chandra Bose in particular that is the influence of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, the famous novelist of Bengal in the life of Subhas Chandra Bose, the militant nationalist. While Bankim Chandra was never embroiled in politics, yet his influence on Indian nationalist movement was most profound. It was particularly discernible in the firebrand revolutionaries of Bengal whose legacy was inherited by Subhas Chandra Bose. No work on Bankim Chandra’s influence on the inception, germination, evolution, articulation maturation and expression of Bose’s concept of nationalism has been produced so far. The article tries to recapture and reassess the extent of reflection of Bankim Chandra’s outlook on British rule in India and India’s subjection to British imperialism, the contentious issue of Hindu nationalism and also related pertinent issues like communalism and secularism. It is a comparative study which intends to review these issues and questions in critical perspective. The central point is that Bankim Chandra’s influence on Bose was not transitory but everlasting and Bankim was always an abiding source of inspiration behind all his nationalist endeavour.
Revisiting the Early Anti-colonial Rebellions in Bengal and Odisha, 1760–1856
Authors: Sarkar Smritikumar
Published: October 2022

This is an outline of the early rebellions against the East India Company that broke out in the region, comprised of the present-day Bangladesh, and Indian states of West Bengal and Odisha. Organised by a wide range of people, from ascetics, peasants, landlords to discontented nobles; these primordial rebellions summed up some of their responses to the new revenue regime, land-settlements, dispossessions, and fiscal issues, in the first hundred years of the company’s rule. The complex composition pattern of the rebellions, including ideological issues, has been analysed with reference to the Sannyasi and Fakir rebellions, due to wide research attention they received earlier. Important shreds of the history of anti-colonialism at the regional level, these rebellions not only represented elements of continuity linking them to the Great Tumult of 1857, but also contributed to the broader national movements.
Resistance Against the Company Raj: With Special Reference to Bihar and Jharkhand (1757–1856)
Authors: Aounshuman Ashok
Published: October 2022

The British conquest of India was not akin to venividi vici dictum. Rather, it was a slow and gruelling expansion marked by resistance to it from cross-sections of individuals and social groups in Bihar and Jharkhand. The resistance of Fateh Shahi and Tilka Manjhi during early colonial rule were spontaneous in nature and were individual-centric. In contrast, the Kol and Santhal rebellions of mid-nineteenth century were organised group activity and also had an alternative vision regarding the socio-economic and political order to be created in the aftermath of the rebellion. The present article tries to delineate the variations in the nature, organisational structure and vision of the series of the resistance movements prior to 1857.
Struggle Against the Empire: Other Organisations and Cultural Nationalism
Authors: Sharda Ratan
Published: October 2022

Dr B. R. Ambedkar noted that any freedom struggle or political change needs a base of cultural renaissance, reforms—both social and religious. Our retaliation against colonialists began from the very moment they tried to colonise India. Beginning with the Battle of Colachel that took place in 1741, there were uprisings from tribes in North East, Bengal and central India. Kuka Sikhs were the first to promote swadeshi, with the insistence on wearing hand woven clothes.

This freedom struggle had many streams—earlier battles all over Bharat, revolutionary actions, organised arm struggle like Azad Hind Fauj (INA) and many streams of political thought that worked under the larger umbrella of the Indian National Congress while some worked independently. We had Home Rule League, Hindu Mahasabha, Swaraj Party and Congress Socialist Party (CSP). It was a long drawn struggle that was built on dharmic renaissance and cultural nationalism sparked by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

After working with revolutionaries and Congress party and studying history, Dr K. B. Hedgewar identified the problem of Bharat as a fractious Hindu society and the collective amnesia inculcated by the British. He decided to create a non-political organisation by first preparing battle-worthy citizens and founded the RSS. Contrary to critics’ claims, RSS too contributed to freedom struggle. Most important was its role on the eve of Independence in protecting Hindu-Sikh brethren from mindless violence and rehabilitating them when the leaders were busy celebrating the country’s independence on 15 August in 1947.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Transplant Pharmacist Workforce
Authors: Khalil Karen , Lyons John , Teuteberg Jeffrey J. , Henricksen Erik J.
Published: October 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented strain on the US healthcare system, greatly impacting transplant centers. Objective: The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transplant pharmacist workforce. Methods: A survey was disseminated electronically to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transplant pharmacist workforce. Respondents were asked to give background regarding transplant center, patient, population, and departmental staffing. Results: There were 67 total respondents from 56 transplant centers. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, 55% of centers reported stopping non-life saving transplants, and a majority (89%) stopped living donor transplants altogether. The banning of caregivers on-site during education, reduction of bedside education teaching, and cancelling of group teaching classes occurred at 46%, 40%, and 22% of centers, respectively. Consequently, 42% of pharmacists surveyed felt that their confidence in patient and caregiver’s understanding of medications had decreased since these changes have been implemented. Conclusions: Pharmacist perception of patient and caregiver understanding of transplant medications has decreased since before the COVID-19 pandemic. As health systems strategize resource allocation throughout the pandemic, the importance of patient education must be prioritized to sustain and improve transplant outcomes.
The Effect of Holistic Nursing Competence on Work Engagement, Self-Reflection and Insight in Nurses
Authors: Aydin Adeviye , Kaya Yunus , Erbaş Atiye
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to examine the effects of holistic nursing competence on work engagement, self-reflection and insight in nurses. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 309 nurses working in Turkey. Data were collected using the “Descriptive Information Form”, “Holistic Nursing Competence Scale (HNCS)”, “Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES)”, and “Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS)”. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. We found that the HNCS had a moderate positive relationship (r = 0.411, p < 0.05) with the UWES, and a weak positive relationship (r = 0.324, p < 0.05) with the SRIS. In the model established by multiple regression analysis, the effect of the HNCS, age, marital status, position, and performing the profession willingly on work engagement explained 33.7% of the variance. In another established model, the effect of the HNCS, gender, and having children on self-reflection and insight explained 11.5% of the variance. Our findings revealed the effect of holistic competence on nurses’ positive attitudes about their work engagement and self-reflection in practice. We recommended developing awareness-based programs for nurses to increase their holistic nursing competence.
Vice-Chancellor Pay and Performance: The Moderating Effect of Vice-Chancellor Characteristics
Authors: Elmagrhi Mohamed H , Ntim Collins G
Published: October 2022

This article investigates the association between UK higher education institutions (HEIs) long- and short-term performance measures, and the pay of vice-chancellors/principals (VCs) in an era of intense neoliberalism/financialisation of HEIs, and consequently ascertains the extent to which the VC pay–performance nexus is moderated by VC characteristics. Using a longitudinal sample of UK HEIs, our baseline findings suggest that HEIs that prioritise meeting long-term social performance targets tend to pay their VCs low pay packages, whereas HEIs that focus on achieving short-term reputational performance targets pay their VCs high pay packages. We show further that the VC pay–performance relationship is moderated/explained largely by VC characteristics. Our findings are robust to controlling for alternative governance mechanisms, endogeneities, alternative performance measures and different estimation techniques. Our findings offer empirical support for optimal contracting and prestige theories with significant implications for the sector.
A real-time optimal cooperative lane change strategy via V2V communication
Authors: Maleki Mohammadreza , Taghavipour Amir , Azadi Shahram
Published: October 2022

Safety, which is in danger by careless maneuvers, is the most significant aspect of driving due to the health of passengers. The lane-changing procedure (LCP) could result in an accident provided that the driver miscalculates other vehicle positions and velocities. Consequently, automation and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, which is a way of exchanging information between cars, have become increasingly popular owing to improving safety. Besides, real-time implementation of a fast strategy dealing with such an amount of information seems to be essential in a high-speed maneuver. This article presents a novel approach to complete the process considering optimality and safety without a huge volume of computation. This means that a constrained-optimization problem (COP) is examined to find datasets and discover simpler correlations that are effortless to implement in the real world. Ultimately, the dataset is incorporated with a model predictive controller and the effectiveness of the strategy is validated in the Siemens PreScan® platform. Moreover, the results show that the presented method is effective for a simple, safe, comfortable, and efficient lane-changing maneuver.
Safety of belimumab in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Results of a large integrated analysis of controlled clinical trial data
Authors: Wallace Daniel J , Atsumi Tatsuya , Daniels Mark , Hammer Anne , Meizlik Paige , Quasny Holly , Schwarting Andreas , Zhang Fengchun , Roth David A
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. Belimumab, a targeted human monoclonal antibody, binds to and inhibits soluble B-lymphocyte stimulator. The safety and efficacy of belimumab has consistently been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials for the treatment of patients with active SLE. Integration of these data provides an additional opportunity to explore the safety of belimumab in a larger and more diverse population. This post hoc pooled analysis of clinical studies evaluated the safety profile of belimumab versus placebo in adults with SLE.

Methods

This was a pooled post hoc analysis of 52-week safety data from one Phase 2 and five Phase 3 belimumab trials in adult patients with SLE. Patients received ≥1 dose of placebo or belimumab (1, 4, or 10 mg/kg intravenous or 200 mg subcutaneous), plus standard therapy. Outcomes included the incidence of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), severe AEs, AEs of special interest (AESI), and mortality.

Results

Across 4170 patients (placebo: N = 1355; belimumab: N = 2815), baseline demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment exposure were similar for placebo and belimumab. Most patients (placebo: 76.6%; belimumab: 81.0%) completed the protocol Week 52 visit. Overall, incidence of AEs, SAEs, severe AEs, AESI, and mortality were similar between groups. In both groups, the most commonly reported SAEs by system organ class were infections and infestations (placebo: 5.9%; belimumab: 5.4%) and renal and urinary disorders (placebo: 2.2%; belimumab: 1.7%). Additionally, a greater proportion of patients experienced AESI with belimumab versus placebo for post-infusion/injection systemic reactions (placebo: 8.1%; belimumab: 10.2%). Mortality rates were similar between groups (placebo: 0.4%; belimumab: 0.6%).

Conclusions

These results are consistent with those of the individual studies, BASE, BLISS-LN, and long-term extension studies, making belimumab one of the most studied SLE treatments for safety. Collectively, this evidence continues to support a positive benefit–risk profile of belimumab in the treatment of adult patients with SLE.
The effect of silica and copper nanoparticles in polyimide on the friction and wear of polyethersulfone/polyimide mixture
Authors: Zhou Shidong , Niu Xiaoxing , Zhang Xiuli , Zhao Yuanliang
Published: October 2022

The synergistic effect of silica (SiO2) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles in polyimide (PI) on the friction interfacial deformation of polyethersulfone/polyimide (PES/PI) blends was studied. Results indicate that the effect of SiO2 and Cu nanoparticles on the tribological performance of PES/PI nanocomposites is quite different from each other. The addition of SiO2 nanoparticles into PI improves the antifriction of PES/PI nanocomposites by 24.4%, but has little effect on the wear resistance. The incorporation of Cu nanoparticles into PI enhances the wear resistance of PES/PI nanocomposites by 55.5%, but has little effect on the antifriction. PES/PI nanocomposites achieve the better comprehensive tribological performance when the content of SiO2 and Cu is 0.8 wt and 0.2 wt%, respectively. The friction interfacial deformation analysis reveals that SiO2 in PI improve the continuity and uniformity of deformation in friction interface and reduce the severe wear of transfer film. Cu nanoparticles in PI improves the continuity but not the ununiformity of deformation. Thus, the abrasive wear of counterpart ball is severe. The synergistic effect of SiO2 and Cu nanoparticles in PI improves the continuity and uniformity of friction interfacial deformation, which contributes to the improvement of friction and wear of PES/PI nanocomposites.
Board Diversity, Sustainability Report Disclosure and Firm Value
Authors: Agustia Dian , Harymawan Iman , Permatasari Yani
Published: October 2022

Based on inconsistent with previous research, this study aims to prove the effect of the board of directors’ diversity factors on the firm value through the sustainability report disclosure as the mediating variables empirically, this study aims to prove the effect of the board of director’s diversity factors on the firm value through the sustainability report disclosure as the mediating variables empirically. The multiple linear regression is performed on the financial data of 256 non-financial firms on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample was determined using the purposive sampling method. This study found that sustainability report disclosure can mediate the board of directors’ effect on tenure and nationality diversity’s effect on the firm value. This study combines several boards of directors’ diversity factors into one, consisting of gender, age, tenure, educational level, and nationality, and empirically proves the theories used in this study.
Impact of Chronic Conditions, Healthcare Utilization, and Demographics on Advance Care Planning
Authors: Krishnappa Vinod , Ludwick Ruth , Sompalle Saiaravind , Baughman Kristin R.
Published: October 2022

Context: Unraveling the intricacies of what factors influence advance care planning (ACP) is an ongoing research challenge. Research shows much ACP is crisis-based and takes place at the end of life. Complicating this late-stage approach may be demographic differences based on race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Objective: We examined the relationship between demographic factors, chronic health conditions, and healthcare utilization in predicting who was most likely to engage in ACP activities, including designating a durable power of attorney for healthcare (DPOAHC), having a living will, and discussing wishes with family or others. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using 2018 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) exit data provided by a proxy for the deceased participant that matched the 2016 survey participant data (N = 884). Generalized linear mixed models were used for the analysis. Results: The number of chronic health conditions and healthcare utilization were not associated with ACP activities, but several of the demographic variables showed strong associations. Participants who were female, white, older, and from a higher socioeconomic status were more likely to have engaged in ACP. Conclusion: People continue to defer ACP discussions and documentation end of life or when facing medical crises. More needs to be done to reach out to younger adults, racial minorities, and those with lower socioeconomic status to encourage them to engage in ACP.
Living in a Limbo: A Sociological Study of Missing Funerals, Death Rituals, and Complicated Grief in COVID-19
Authors: Mondal Souvik
Published: October 2022

In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in India, due to strict lockdown, the family members of the victims of COVID-19 had to witness the dying and death of their relatives in solitude, improper funerals, and the absence of death rituals. After in-depth interviews with twelve relatives of seven deceased patients conducted more than a year after experiencing those deaths of loved ones, it was found that most of them had been struggling with long-term complicated grief without a sense of resolution. As funerals and death rituals, following the work of Van Gennep in his ‘Rites of Passage’, ensure the transition of grievers from a preliminal state by preparing for the imminent loss to a postliminal renovated stable state by reabsorbing them into the collective social and cultural conditions, the absence of that compels the mourners to get stuck in a liminal state, or limbo.
Clinical Outcomes in Orthognathic Surgery for Craniofacial Microsomia Following Mandibular Distraction Using CBCT Analysis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: DeMitchell-Rodriguez Evellyn M. , Mittermiller Paul A. , Avinoam Shayna P. , Staffenberg David A. , Rodriguez Eduardo D. , Shetye Pradip R. , Flores Roberto L.
Published: October 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of orthognathic surgery (OGS) in patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) who had previously undergone mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO).

Design

A retrospective cohort study was performed including all patients with CFM who were treated with OGS at a single institution between 1996 and 2019. The clinical records, operative reports, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were reviewed. CBCT data before OGS (T1), immediately after OGS (T2), and at long-term follow-up (T3) were analyzed using Dolphin three-dimensional software to measure the occlusal cant and chin point deviation.

Results

The study included 12 patients with CFM who underwent OGS (6 underwent OGS without MDO and 6 underwent OGS after MDO). There was a statistically significant improvement in occlusal cant and chin point deviation in both groups postoperatively. Occlusal cant relapsed by a mean of 0.6° (standard deviation [SD] 1.1°) in the patients who had OGS alone compared with 0.7° (SD 1.2°) in the patients who had OGS after MDO ( P  =  .745) between T2 and T3. There was no statistically significant difference in chin point relapse between patients who had OGS alone compared with those who had OGS after MDO (0.1 mm [SD 2.5mm] vs 0.7mm [SD 2.2mm]; P  =  .808).

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, these findings suggest that OGS after MDO in patients with CFM can produce stable results.
Validity of Healthcare-Related Content on Digital Platforms
Authors: Sahni Vaibhav
Published: October 2022

With a plethora of unverified digital content on healthcare floating around, it is imperative for organizations and stakeholders in healthcare to take effective measures in order to develop credible as well as popular sources of healthcare-related information to counter the threat of medical misinformation and its consequent catastrophic effects on the society at large. This communication brings to light some such initiatives.
Teachers’ Mental Representations of Educational Change in Female Public Schools in the United Arab Emirates: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Almessabi Ameera , Alhosani Mohamed
Published: October 2022

This study explores how teachers visualize educational change at schools in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Teachers’ experiences are crucial in understanding their adherence to educational reform implementation and reducing inconsistent behaviors which might occur during the process. Randomized sampling was used to select and interview 19 teachers. The study validated the obtained data using Colaizzi’s phenomenological data method analysis. Six themes emerged from the analysis of 64 statements. The mental representations included imaging educational change as a maze, transplanted organ, and a roller coaster. Clarifying a teacher's image of educational change may help school principals identify appropriate coping strategies and enhance principal–teacher relationships.
Implementation of an Integrated Lung Cancer Prevention and Screening Program Using a Mobile Computed Tomography (CT) Unit in Brazil
Authors: Chiarantano Rodrigo Sampaio , Vazquez Fabiana Lima , Franco Alexander , Ferreira Larissa Cristina , Cristina da Costa Maraísa , Talarico Thais , Oliveira Ângela Neves , Miziara José Elias , Mauad Edmundo Carvalho , Caetano da Silva Eduardo , Ventura Luis Marcelo , Junior Raphael Haikel , Leal Letícia Ferro , Reis Rui Manuel
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer worldwide and in Brazil. Despite strong evidence, lung cancer screening by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in high-risk individuals is far from a reality in many countries, particularly in Brazil. Brazil has a universal public health system marked with important inequalities. One affordable strategy to increase the coverage of resources is to use mobile units.

Objectives

To describe the implementation and results of an innovative lung cancer prevention program that integrates tobacco cessation and lung cancer screening using a mobile CT unit.

Methodology

From May 2019 to Dec 2020, health professionals from 18 public primary health care units in Barretos, Brazil, were trained to offer smoking cessation counseling and treatment. Eligible high-risk participants of this program were also invited to perform lung cancer screening in a mobile LDCT unit that was specially conceived to be dispatched to the community. A detailed epidemiological questionnaire was administered to the LDCT participants.

Results

Among the 233 screened participants, the majority were women (54.9%), and the average age was 62 years old. A total of 52.8% of participants showed high or very high nicotine dependence. After 1 year, 27.8% of participants who were involved in smoking cessation groups had quit smoking. The first LDCT round revealed that the majority of participants (83.7%) exhibited lung-Rads 1 or 2; 7.3% exhibited lung-Rads 3; 7.7% exhibited lung-Rads 4a; and 3% exhibited lung-Rads 4b or 4x. The three participants with lung-Rads 4b were further confirmed, and their surgery led to the diagnosis of early-stage cancer (1 case of adenocarcinoma and two cases of squamous cell carcinoma), leading to a cancer diagnosis rate of 12.8/1000.

Conclusion

Our results indicate promising outcomes for an onsite integrative program enrolling high-risk individuals in a middle-income country. Evidence barriers and challenges remain to be overcome.
A new approach for analyzing internal load and fatigue life of deep groove ball bearing in high-speed gearbox system
Authors: Kong Xiannian , Tang Jinyuan , Hu Zehua , Chen Siyu , Wang Qibo
Published: October 2022

The study of the bearing fatigue life in high-speed gearboxes is an integral part of high-speed gear transmission research. There is still a lack of research on the analysis and calculating the bearing internal dynamic load and fatigue life considering gear engagement and centrifugal force simultaneously. Therefore, the paper proposes a new approach to acquire the internal load and fatigue life of the deep groove ball bearing in a high-speed gearbox system. Firstly, the modeling method of the gear mesh, flexible shaft, high-speed deep groove ball bearing, and housing is established, constructing the gearbox system dynamic model, which has the ability to calculate the bearing internal load. Then, the calculation method for analyzing the fatigue life of bearings is given based on the linear damage theory. The results show that the gear engagement and centrifugal force have meaningful effects on bearing internal loads and fatigue life, especially at high speeds. Both of them should be considered when evaluating the bearing life. The calculation method and model proposed in this paper provide a new technical approach for service performance evaluation and reliability design of high-speed deep groove ball bearing.
Identifying Children at Risk for Maltreatment Using Emergency Medical Services’ Data: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Bressler Colleen J. , Malthaner Lauren , Pondel Nicholas , Letson Megan M. , Kline David , Leonard Julie C.
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study was to use natural language processing to query Emergency Medical Services (EMS) electronic health records (EHRs) to identify variables associated with child maltreatment. We hypothesized the variables identified would show an association between the Emergency Medical Services encounter and risk of a children maltreatment report. This study is a retrospective cohort study of children with an EMS encounter from 1/1/11–12/31/18. NLP of EMS EHRs was conducted to generate single words, bigrams and trigrams. Clinically plausible risk factors for child maltreatment were established, where presence of the word(s) indicated presence of the hypothesized risk factor. The EMS encounters were probabilistically linked to child maltreatment reports. Univariable associations were assessed, and a multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine a final set of predictors. 11 variables showed an association in the multivariable modeling. Sexual, abuse, chronic condition, developmental delay, unconscious on arrival, criminal activity/police, ingestion/inhalation/exposure, and <2 years old showed positive associations with child maltreatment reports. Refusal and DOA/PEA/asystole held negative associations. This study demonstrated that through EMS EHRs, risk factors for child maltreatment can be identified. A future direction of this work include developing a tool that screens EMS EHRs for households at risk for maltreatment.
Changes in accommodation and convergence function after refractive surgery in myopic patients
Authors: Meng Can , Zhang Yan , Wang Shurong
Published: October 2022

In recent years, with the gradual maturation of myopia correction surgery, the changes in binocular visual function after surgery have attracted widespread attention. The accommodation of facility, the amplitude of accommodation, relative accommodation, and accommodation convergence/accommodation assembly are essential parameters for assessing binocular visual function. The changes in these parameters are significant for guiding patients in the design of the preoperative surgical approach and alleviating postoperative visual fatigue. This paper aims to guide the preoperative assessment, design, and postoperative visual training of refractive surgery in myopic patients from the perspective of changes in binocular visual function before and after myopia and surgery, which can improve accommodation and convergence function in patients after refractive surgery.