bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization on the Injection Molding Propypopylene Parameters Using Central Composite Design for Minimizing Defects
Authors: Hartono Moh. , Pratikto  , Santoso Purnomo B. , Sugiono
Published: March 2021

This study aims to simultaneously forecast and investigate the optimization process characterization of the design of controlled parameters in the injection process of polypropylene molding including injection pressure combination, clamping force, injection temperature, injection speed, and holding time, and their interaction to produce qualified plastic by minimizing defects. The experimental methods used the central composite design of response surface method with five factors and a variety of levels. This method is more effective because it is an improvement on and a development from previous studies—especially those related to the plastic molding process. Additionally, it can simultaneously predict and optimize the obtaining of the highest quality plastic products as well as minimizing defects. The results are in the form of a combination of control level factors and interactions among the factors that generate the robust output of plastic products with minimum defects. Moreover, the optimum settings of the parameters provides a global solution at an injection temperature of 275°C, injection pressure of 75 bar, injection speed of 98%, clamping force of 88 tons, and a holding time of 8 seconds to generate a response to product probability defects by 0.0062. The benefit is that it can reveal the behavior and characteristics of parameter design and their interactions in the plastic injection molding process to produce qualified plastics and minimize product defects.
Patterns and Determinants of Vietnamese Seafood Exports
Authors: Nguyen Huy Quang , Tran Huong Thi Lan , Truong Hoan Quang , Van Dong Chung
Published: March 2021

By employing the gravity model using the Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood estimator, the air of this study was to investigate the determinants of Vietnam’s world seafood exports from 2000-2018 at both the aggregate and sub-sectoral level. In recent decades, Vietnam has rapidly increased its seafood exports to the global market, with a concentration on its exports to the United States, Japan, China, and South Korea. Its seafood export subsectors have been diversified among fish products (fresh, chilled, or frozen), crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic invertebrate products, aquatic fish, and invertebrates (prepared or persevered) products. The estimations show that Vietnam’s seafood exports (at both aggregate and subsector level) are determined by the size of the importing partners’ economies and income levels. At the aggregate level, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the European Union, and North America were found to promote Vietnam’s seafood exports. At the subsector level, we found that North America had a positive link with Vietnam’s export of fish (fresh, chilled, or frozen), while there was a negative nexus between many regions with respect to the export of crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates, as well as aquatic fish and invertebrates (prepared or persevered). To promote Vietnam’s seafood exports to the world market at the aggregate level, the country should enhance its establishment of preferential trade agreements with certain target markets, while at the subsector level, Vietnam should have a dynamic approach regarding the selection of its export destinations.
Determination of the Sensitivity and Thixotropic Effects of Clay Soil for Selected Sites in Diwaniya City - Iraq
Authors: Al-Rubaiee Abdul-Kareem H. , Al Salami Rand S.
Published: March 2021

This paper is conducted to determine the sensitivity and thixotropic effects of clay soil for selected sites in Diwaniya city which are: (Dawr Aldubbat, Al-Zawra square, 14 Ramadan square, Al'iiskan Alaqadim and Military square). The main aim of this investigation is to study the sensitivity and thixotropy of clay soil, and determination and classification of soils to (Insensitive), (slightly to very sensitive) and (slightly to extra quick)) relying on special test methods in sensitivity and thixotropic phenomena. The experimental tests that were done including geotechnical, chemical and mineralogical tests to natural soils and special tests were for the identification and classification of sensitivity of soils. The results of sensitivity of soils test displayed low to medium for all the types of the soils in the study area. The results of the thixotropic strength ratio test showed a small increase in thixotropic strength ratio values with time. The results of Atterberg limits test indicated that increasing the proportion of the clay causes an increase in the plasticity index of the soil. While the results of the liquidity index varied from 0.24 to 0.70, which reflects the low sensitivity of the clay soil in the study area.
Effect of Friction Stir Welding Process on Crystallinity and Degradation of Polypropylene
Authors: Kusharjanta Bambang , Soenoko Rudy , Purnowidodo Anindito , Irawan Yudy Surya
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the crystallinity changes and degradation of polypropylene due to heat generated by friction stir welding, i.e., heat generated by friction between the rotation tool and the welded materials. The tool pin was rotated at 620 rpm in the welding process. The travelling speed was varied between 7.3 mm/minute and 13 mm/minute. A cylindrical tool pin, 4.5 mm in diameter and 5.7 mm in length, was used in this experiment. The shoulder dimension was 18 mm in diameter and 90 mm in length. A conventional milling machine was used in the friction stir welding process. The crystallinity test was carried out with X-ray diffraction, hardness was observed using a Shore Type-D durometer, and polymer degradation data was obtained by thermogravimetry analysis. The areas compared were base material, weld nugget area, and thermomechanical affected zone. The results showed that there was a change in the percentage of crystallinity in areas that had undergone friction stir welding, and that the change was inversely proportional to the traveling rate of the friction stir welding process. The friction stir welding process was affected by the initial degradation temperature and hardness property of the polypropylene. This result shows that it is possible to choose specific parameters of friction stir welding in order to obtain good weld joint properties.
Integrating Data Envelopment Analysis and Grey System Theory to Access Ho Chi Minh City Power Corporation Performance Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Nhu-Ty
Published: March 2021

Any study of the development of the economy must take into account the role of the electricity sector. This is the sector promoting production, improving competitiveness, and attracting investment. With the motto "electricity goes one step ahead," the power sector has contributed to the restructuring of the industry, economic recovery and growth, security and defense. Specifically, agriculture, forestry and fishery production activities of rural and mountainous areas have been oriented toward commodity and export markets. Improved services and quality of electricity have encouraged domestic and foreign businesses to be comfortable and expand their production. This study will provide some insights after combining the results of Data Envelopment Analysis and Grey System Theory – GM(1,1). Using Data Envelopment Analysis, the researcher input some performance attributes, classify them as inputs and outputs, and then use them for Data Envelopment Analysis researches. For evaluating this industry, the researcher used Malmquist Productivity Index from 2012 to 2016 and used GM (1,1) for forecasting, which provides better “Past – Present – Future” insights for decision makers.
An Empirical Study on Factors Affecting Employee Loyalty in the Wood Processing Industry
Authors: Nguyen Nhu-Ty
Published: March 2021

In general, human resources are important aspects of any organization. In order to gain the loyalty of employees and stabilize the human resources department, management must always consider employee loyalty. In this study, the author seeks to determine which reward structure best promotes affects job satisfaction among employees, including the influence level of incentives, the support of superiors and promotions among hierarchical positions, and thereby most impacts their loyalty to the company. Using a theoretical foundation and practical studies on job satisfaction and employee loyalty, the author built a five-point Likert scale to determine the reward structure as well as the influencing level of each factor on employee loyalty. Additionally, this study determines the level of influence of three factors—Rewards, Empowerment, and Hierarchical Position—on the job satisfaction of employees, The interaction of job satisfaction and employee loyalty is a statistically significant indication of employee loyalty. In practical terms, this study illustrates the factors that affect the satisfaction of employees working at GiaVinh Co., Ltd.
Individual Priority Weights of Indoor Environmental Performance to Sanction a Safe and Healthy Work Environment
Authors: Khalil N. , Kamaruzzaman S.N. , Bohari A.A.M. , Husin H.N. , Othman I.
Published: March 2021

This article presents a new idea to improve crucial ecological issues that arise due to the poor performance of indoor environments during the occupancy phase to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for building residents. Using the Delphi technique via a focus group discussion, the authors identified seven attributes that are associated with occupants’ health and safety, namely, cooling (thermal comfort), artificial lighting (visual comfort), natural lighting (visual comfort), acoustic comfort, waste reduction, ventilation, and cleanliness. We illustrate the use of Delphi in ensuring a safe and healthy working environment via two-round stages involving 22 respondents, which include building energy experts from green and environmental organizations in Malaysia. The first round confirms the suitability of the attributes while the second determines the individual priority weights of the attributes. Our method allows improving building residents’ safety and health by focusing on improving their indoor environment, where the top attributes are ventilation (30.3%), cleanliness (17.1%), and cooling (7.4%). This new method of effectiveness evaluation is based on the calculation of the individual priority weight, which is derived from the analytical hierarchy process. In this method, respondents are made to rate the importance of each attribute in pair-wise comparison during the second round. The results of this study aid in improving the indoor environment during the occupancy phase; these results can also be used for prioritizing elements that should perform well in the performance evaluation.
Human Resource Management Role in Improving Employees’ Performance in the United Arab Emirates' Health Sector
Authors: Almaskari Majed Sulaiman Naser Slayem , Marni Nurazmallail Bin
Published: March 2021

Healthcare systems play an important role in maintaining good health and reducing unnecessary disability among people. However, the increasing need to provide quality services at lower costs is putting extreme pressure on healthcare staff. Therefore, the role of human resource management needs to be clearly defined to help employees to become more efficient so that companies can achieve their objectives. Because of this, it is important for people who are directly involved in human resource management and working in associated areas to adopt measures to enhance employee motivation and satisfaction through offering rewards, providing quality leadership styles, and enhancing knowledge. The study uses Alderfer's existence, relatedness, and growth model for motivation, system model training, the expectancy-instrumentality-valence theory, and leadership theory: the participative leadership style. The study also takes into account the preferences of the United Arab Emirates' cultural leaders to follow a centralized organizational structure and make decisions on their own. However, in spite of this, the leaders need to adopt participative and collaborative styles so that employees can learn to make decisions that are based on the situations they are addressing. In addition, employees' problem-solving skills need to be improved. The government of the United Arab Emirates strongly supports the sector and will, therefore, help in implementing the required changes based on the requirements of staff members.
The Application of Sheet Steel Piles Combined with Soil-Cement Piles to Stabilize a Deep Excavation Pit’s Wall
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Anh , Dat Nguyen Thanh , Anh Nguyen Duc
Published: March 2021

In recent years, owing to advances in technology, excavation pits have shown increased improvements. Taking advantage of advanced solutions combined with traditional ones has brought about considerable advantages for construction contractors and saves on expenses to carry out construction projects. Owing to their ability to analyze geotechnical problems, several calculation and simulation software, such as Plaxis, Bentley, along with many others, have grown in popularity. Among them, Midas is one such software, which is a set of solutions developed by the MIDAS IT company and is widely applied in many constructions. The authors evaluated the ability to use Midas software to calculate the stability of a wall in a deep excavation pit for the Ho Chi Minh City Water Environment Improvement Project. The results of these researches reveal that combining soil-cement piles and sheet steel piles decreases the internal forces in sheet steel pile walls. At the same time, this solution not only reduces horizontal displacement but also keeps the settlement of the soil around the excavation pit within the permissible range, which helps to ensure that the adjacent pavements are stable and will not crack. The results of this study can be applied to similar geological constructions.
Voice Conversion for Dubbing Using Linear Predictive Coding and Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Mukhneri Firra M. , Wijayanto Inung , Hadiyoso Sugondo
Published: March 2021

Dubbing is a term used to describe filling in the sound on film or video. Voice conversion can be done to support dubbing, for purposes such as obtaining a child’s voice for dubbing on children’s films. However, problems frequently occur with this process, including difficulty finding children’s voice resources and difficulty getting children to express the desired tone and mood while recording. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method for creating a cross-gender and age voice conversion from adult voices to children’s voices. The feature extraction method that is used is Linear Predictive Coding, and the modeling method is the Hidden Markov Model. The parts synthesized are fundamental frequency (F0) and spectral content. From the simulation test, the best results for the voice conversion are achieved by Linear Predictive Coding order 19. The best state of Hidden Markov Model modeling is the 5th state. F0 Root Mean Square Error of adult men to children after the conversion increased by 57.7%, while the F0 Root Mean Square Error of adult women to children after the conversion increased by 15.29%. Root Mean Square Error Cepstral after conversion increased by 43.69%. A subjective test was also performed in terms of the mean opinion score. In terms of similarities, mean opinion score testing for Hidden Markov Model has an average value of 2.64, and in terms of quality, testing mean opinion score for Hidden Markov Model has an average value of 3.23. It is hoped that this proposed method can be used in real terms for dubbing in the film industry, especially for Indonesian dialogue.
Design of Ultra-Wideband Tapered Slot Patch Antenna with Reconfigurable Dual Band-Notches
Authors: Al-Behadili Amer Abbood , Azeez Adham R. , Ahmed Sadiq , Hassain Zaid A. Abdul
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an ultra-wideband tapered slot patch antenna with bi-directional radiation, reconfigurable for dual band-notched capability and fed by coplanar waveguide. The proposed antenna showed excellent ultra-wideband characteristics with bandwidth of (1.9–12 GHz). In order to reduce the interference of the narrow band communications represented by Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access radiation in the range (3.4–3.9) GHz and standard IEEE 802.11a. application (from 5.1 GHz to 6.1 GHz), the antenna was accompanied with adjustable dual-stop band capability in these bands. The dual-band notches are achieved with aid of inserting a parasitic single split ring resonator and etching a single circular complementary circle split ring resonator. The proposed antenna used epoxy (FR4) substrate material with ????r= 4.4 and dimensions of .
A Double Nozzle Cross Flow Turbine Fluid Flow Dynamics
Authors: Rantererung Corvis L. , Soeparman Sudjito , Soenoko Rudy , Wahyudi Slamet
Published: March 2021

The dynamics of fluid flow are very important to the process of converting water energy into mechanical energy at the nozzle double runner cross flow turbine blade. Fluid dynamics of a jet of water from a nozzle release energy as the water crosses the cross flow turbine runner. This research aims to improve turbine performance and the effectiveness of fluid flow dynamics that drive cross flow turbine runner blades using double nozzles. The method of research using a cross flow turbine with double nozzle is a combination of vertical and horizontal nozzles. The turbine runner casing and blade are made of transparent acrylic material so that the flow dynamics can be observed directly. The laboratory scale double nozzle cross flow turbine is comprised of 24 blades, 3 mm thick, 40 mm long and 200 mm runner blade diameter. Test the performance of the turbine by measuring rotation, torque, and power, and by photographing the dynamics of the fluid flow that drives the turbine runner blade. The results of the study found that the visualization of the dynamics of fluid flow in turbines with double nozzles is more regular, evenly distributed, focused, and directed, moving the turbine runner blade cross flow so as to be able to increase turbine performance higher. The highest double nozzle cross flow turbine performance is 6.04 Watt power and 81.68% efficiency, at a water discharge of 0.22 liters /s.
Detection of Iris Localization in Facial Images Using Haar Cascade Circular Hough Transform
Authors: Shamil Haider , Al Kindy Bassam , Abbas Amel H.
Published: March 2021

In numerous science applications, face detection and iris extraction have been recognized as crucial stages by getting more consideration among researchers as it has an important job. This paper presents an automatic detection method of the iris and its center detection by applying the Haar Cascade Classifier and the Circular Hough Transform algorithm. The suggested method is divided into two primary methodologies: face recognition utilizes the Haar Cascade Classifier and iris extraction using the Hough Transform. The system detects the face from a set of facial images using an Impa-faced dataset. The improved AdaBoost algorithm constructs a cascaded classifier for face detection. Then, by applying the Haar Cascade to obtain an eye pair region and a Hough transform for iris detection by extracting Haar features. Finally, the improved circular Hough transform algorithm locates the iris center. The experimental results of the suggested method show a high-speed, robust ability to acquire the coordinates of the iris center accurately under various illumination changes on different states of human images. The overall accuracy for locating the iris center was 98.75%.
Zakah (Islamic Tax) and Banks’ Performance: Mediating Effect of Third-Party Funds
Authors: Hermuningsih Sri , Kusuma Hadri
Published: March 2021

Studies on the allocation of Zakah (Islamic tax) in banking are important components in improving the performance of banks. Financial performance represents the financial condition of a company in a certain period that comprises fundraising and distribution. This research aimed to examine the effect of Zakah allocation on financial performance, with third-party funds as a mediating variable in Indonesian Islamic banking. This new variable has never been analyzed by previous studies. By applying the purposive sampling method, almost all of the general Islamic banks were selected as the samples in the period from 2013 to 2016. The data were obtained from the annual financial statements of those banks and analyzed with the help of partial least squares software. The results demonstrate that the allocation of Zakah and third-party funds positively influence financial performance. More important, third-party funds mediated this relationship. The results have several implications for policy making to improve performance in Islamic banking industries.
The Meaning Changes in the Tolotang Community Architecture Based on Syncretism
Authors: Alimuddin Aris , Wunas Shirly , Arifin Mimi , Wikantar Ria
Published: March 2021

Architectural syncretism is the process of achieving balance in every human being, which comprises the amalgamation, mixture or integration of religious activities, traditions, cultural practices and adaption to the environment, as in buildings that display syncretic values through architectural concepts that are realized on a macro and micro scale. This study aims to analyze changes in the meaning of architecture based on syncretism in the traditional homes of the Hindu Towani and Islam Benteng Tolotang communities based on cosmology through symbols and messages. The type of the research method used in this study is qualitative, his research model is ethnography or ethnomethodology and the sampling technique used is purposive sampling with direct observation, in-depth interviews, sketches and documentation. The objects of the research are Towani To-Lotang traditional house units located in Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi. The results show that there is a change in the meaning of Bugis architecture, which is influenced by syncretism in the homes of the Towani Hindu and Islam Benteng To-Lotang communities. Research reveals that having a unifying philosophy that reflects unity and the message behind the form and function of the traditional house of the Tolotang community symbolizes social solidarity.
Endogeneity Test: Investment Opportunity Set and Ownership Structure on Funding Policies
Authors: Hikmah Khoirul , Haryono Tulus , Djuminah
Published: March 2021

A company’s funding policy is an important part of determining a company’s capital structure. The policy must consider and analyze a combination of economical funding sources for the company’s routine financing and corporate investment. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between investment opportunity set on funding policy and the ownership structure as a moderating variable (a variable that moderates the relationship between two other variables. With moderating variable, the relationship can be better or worse, depending on the effect). The population used in this research includes all companies that were publicly listed and traded on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2008 to 2018. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method. There are several steps to answering the hypotheses in this research, which include (1) confirmatory factor analysis, (2) endogeneity tests, and (3) hypothesis testing through the use of multiple linear regression and moderation regression with panel data. The results indicated that investment opportunity set (TOBIN'Q) had a positive and significant effect on the company funding policy (Debt to Equity Ratio), while institutional and family ownership was found to weaken the influence of investment opportunity set (TOBIN'Q) on the company funding policies (Debt to Equity Ratio).
Pojęcie prawdy w Adventures of Ideas Alfreda Northa Whiteheada
Authors: Lisiak Bogdan
Published: March 2021

Zagadnienie prawdy jest jednym z podstawowych problemów filozoficznych, poruszanych przez A. N . Whiteheada w Adventures of Ideas. Zanim w niniejszym artykule skoncentrujemy się na problemie prawdy w tym dziele, omówimy kilka podstawowych terminów filozofii Whiteheada niezbędnych do zrozumienia jego koncepcji prawdy. Podstawowym pojęciem w whiteheadowskiej wizji świata jest aktualne zdarzenia (actual occasion). Aktualne zdarzenia autor Przygód idei nazywa także aktualnymi bytami (actual entities). Aktualne zdarzenie stanowi najmniejsze jednostki rzeczywistości. Ich statut jest zbliżony do zdarzeń czasowoprzestrzennych. Zdarzenia tworzą ciągi (nexus). Powiązane ze sobą ciągi zdarzeń mogą tworzyć zjawiska w sensie fizycznym. Aktualne zdarzenia są jakby elementami struktury rzeczywistości, której konstytutywna cech jest proces stawania się (becoming). Proces ten jest twórczym rozwojem dziki zasadzie kreatywności (creativity), która umożliwia pojawienie się w rzeczywistości nowych zdarzeń, albo ciągów aktualnych zdarzeń. Proces kreatywnego rozwoju rzeczywistości, według Whiteheada, nie powinien być utożsamiany z wariabilizmem Heraklita. Albowiem jego racjonalność jest zapewniona przez tzw. obiekty ponadczasowe (eternal objects), które gwarantują racjonalność procesu powstającej struktury otaczającego nas świata. Obiekty ponadczasowe determinują zakres możliwości ewolucji ciągów zdarzeń (occasions) i są one potencjalnościami odpowiedzialnymi za determinowanie kierunków rozwoju rzeczywistości. Według Whiteheada zdarzenia i zjawiska zmiennego świata partycypują w obiektach ponadczasowych. Powiazania zachodzące pomiędzy aktualnymi zdarzeniami, obiektami ponadczasowymi i podmiotem poznającym są określone za pomocą pojecia odczucia (feeling) i ujęcia (prehension). Ujęcie (prehension) polega na powiazaniu konkretnego, aktualnego zdarzenia ze zdarzeniami, które wystąpiły w przeszłości. Ukazuje ono także powiazanie danego zdarzenia z  wariantami ewolucji rzeczywistości w przyszłości, która jest określana przez obiekty ponadczasowe. Innymi słowy ujęcia są jakby wektorami ukazującymi kierunki procesu kształtowania się struktury rzeczywistości. Pojęcie odczucia (feeling) odzwierciedla możliwość włączenia nowych danych do struktury bytu aktualnego lub podmiotu.
La dignità dell'uomo nel pensiero di San Tommaso d'Aquino
Authors: Majkrzak Henryk
Published: March 2021

L'uomo si rivela in varie dimensioni, ma la sua dignità è un aspetto che ai nostri tempi viene sottolineato in modo del tutto particolare. L'uomo è consapevole di avere una dignità per il semplice fatto di essere uomo. La nostra cultura è molto sensibile a questa dimensione che si svela come una conquista nei diversi campi. Dove entra il senso del dover essere all’altezza della propria natura, cioe nel comportamento, nella conquista e nel raggiungimento dei fini, li si rivolge alla dimensione etica della dignità dell'uomo. La dignità umana deve esser riconosciuta dagli altri, rispettata e promossa nella vita sociale. In questo caso si accede cosi alla radice dei diritti deiruomo. Quest'articolo tratta invece della dimensione metafisica della dignità dell’uomo in San Tommaso d'Aquino.
Stanisław Kowalczyk. Filozofia kultury. Próba personalistycznego ujęcia problematyki [A Philosophy of Culture. The Inspirations of Personalism]
Authors: Rybowicz Artur
Published: March 2021

As the title suggests, the book is an attempt to analyse and interpret the phenomenon of culture from the perspective of personalism. The tools chosen by the author for an interpretation of culture are the principles of the Christian anthropology and ontology. The main thesis of the book is that culture is an essentially personal phenomenon, to the point that it well may define what it means to be human person. The ability to create, to transform a basic elements, a row matter into an expression of our inner personal existence, our feelings, reason and most of all of our personal intentions and values is an exclusively human characteristic, and there is no other similar in the world of living beings. Culture, art and civilization are an important expressions of our human existence, and of our freedom as the only creatures, which transcend determinism of Nature and natural processes. As the author writes, culture is a faithful companion of our human history. It appeared with us, and is the inseparable attribute of our life. We are ontologically joined with the phenomenon of culture, so that a mystery of our existence is in some sense a mystery of our internal and external culture, and our value, as a concrete human individuals or as a society is a consequence of the quality of our culture.
Ignacy Dec. Dwie antropologie. Tomaszowa i Marcelowa teoria człowieka [Deux anthropologies. La théorie de Thomme de Thomas d'Aquin et de Marcel]
Authors: Darowski Roman
Published: March 2021

L'auteur se propose de comparer la theorie de I'homme de saint Thomas d'Aquin et de Gabriel Marcel. II est interessant de faire une comparaison entre ces deux penseurs, car la philosophie de Gabriel Marcel est souvent pergue comme un nouveau type de philosophie chretienne. On dit parfois que la philosophie de ce dernier est beaucoup plus proche de I'homme contemporain que ne l'est celle de Thomas d'Aquin.
Stanisław Głaz. Intensywność doświadczenia religijnego a koncepcja siebie [Intensity of Religious Experience and Self-Concept]
Authors: Grzywacz Robert
Published: March 2021

The attempts of the psychological interpretation of religious experience have started at the end of the 19th century. They were undertaken by F. Schleiermacher, E. Starbuck and W. James, followers of the subjective conception of religion and religious experience. They reduced religion only to subject-empiristic sphere, but for them religion
is still a kind of experience of contact with something that could be called „Divine".
Państwo prawa
Authors: Zoll Andrzej
Published: March 2021

Zmiany spowodowane w Polsce i w Europie upadkiem komunizmu obudziły nadzieję na budowę systemu politycznego innego od tego, który był losem tych krajów. W miejsce totalitaryzmu ma powstać system
polityczny oparty o zasady demokratycznego państwa prawa. Przejście od totalitaryzmu do demokracji jest procesem, który w Polsce nie został jeszcze zakończony i który do osiągnięcia celu potrzebuje jeszcze wielu nakładów. Mozna też wskazać wiele zagrożeń dla tego procesu występujących także obecnie. Nie da się uniknąć niebezpieczeństwa bez rozpoznania jego zródeł i jego natury. Trzeba pamiętać, że zwyrodnieniu prawa i zwyrodnieniu systemu politycznego mozna zapobiegać środkami prawnymi, dopóki system bezprawia nie odniesie sukcesu. Opór środkami prawnymi ma realne szanse, gdy jest skierowany przeciwko próbom budowy władzy totalitarnej. Taki opór skazany jest na niepowodzenie, gdy siły przeciwne państwu prawa opanują juz organy państwa.
Stanisław Obirek. Wizja państwa w nauczaniu jezuitów polskich w latach 1564-1668 [The Vision of the State in the Teaching of the Polish Jesuits in 1564-1668]
Authors: Pyszka Stanisław
Published: March 2021

There have been many papers on the Jesuit relationship with the State and with the civil powers in the Western Countries. But there are no such elaborations concerning Poland. However, it was not a central aim, the Jesuits had to engage in the political situation of the country where they did His apostolic work though they did not commit themselves personally in the policy. The Jesuits had their own concept of the State and the state policy. And they showed great caution in preparing the policy treaties in order to save impartiality.
Encyklopedia wiedzy o jezuitach na ziemiach Polski i Litwy, 1564-1995 [Encyclopaedia of Information on the Jesuits on the Territories of Poland and Lithuania, 1564-1995. Ed. L. Grzebień SJ]
Authors: Grzebień Ludwik
Published: March 2021

The Jesuits have played a significant part in the history of Poland from the religious, social and cultural aspects. Little wonder, then, that over 5,000 books and articles have been devoted to the Order and its individual members in Poland. However, the Jesuit Order does not as yet have a full synthesis of its own on the subject of its history in Poland. The only work of a synthetic nature, by S. Załęski, Jezuici w Polsce [The Jesuits in Poland], (Lwów-Krakow, 1900-1906), notwithstanding the usefulness of its content still today, is no longer up to the modem expectations and standards required by historians. The compilation of a new comprehensive synthesis will call for the accumulation and presentation of the vast volume of material concerning the various aspects of the Order's history.
Indywidualizm i elita w epoce informacji
Authors: Nyíri Kristóf
Published: March 2021

Wolność to idea, w imię której toczy się dzisiaj proces wyzwalania się Europy Wschodniej. Jest to potężna idea, która jednak w obecnych warunkach kryje w sobie również pewne niebezpieczeństwo, ponieważ podczas wyzwalania się spod dyktatury, uniezależniania się od wpływów Rosji i przebijania się ku klasycznym wartościom wolnosci obywatelskiej, można łatwo osiągnąć pozorne zwycięstwo; bezużyteczne zwycięstwo na peryferiach historii. Trzeba sobie obecnie zdac sprawę z tego, że Europa Wschodnia nie jest wcale widownią wydarzeń, mających zasadnicze znaczenie dla świata jako całości. Trzeba uświadomić sobie, że dzisiaj inna, nowa rewolucja odciska swe piętno na historii swiata. Jest to rewolucja technologiczna, która rozgrywa się na calkiem innej płaszczyźnie; rewolucja, która przemienia nowoczesne przemysłowe
społeczeństwo w post-nowoczesne społeczenstwo informacji. Przekształca się ono w społeczenstwo, w którym źródłem bogactwa nie jest już surowiec i kapitał, lecz wiedza - dostęp do informacji i umiejętność
obchodzenia się z nią. „Nowa cywilizacja wkracza w nasze życie" - tak brzmią znane słowa Alvina Tofflera.
Some Remarks on the Criticism of the Proofs for the Existence of God Presented in 'Religion. If There Is no God' by L. Kołakowski
Authors: Ziemiański Stanisław
Published: March 2021

Leszek Kołakowski, who was brought up in the climate of Marxist philosophy, has moved away very considerably from the Marxist position of extreme atheism, but he may not be called a convert. Of the two contrasting attitudes which may be assumed in respect of the existential problems, the attitude of the priest and the attitude of the jester, Kołakowski is closer to the latter. The priest, if he is to perform his role well, should take his duties seriously; he should be convinced of the truth of the deity that he serves. In carrying out his office he is expected to be ceremonious, formal and serious. The jester's position is more comfortable. His task is not to conduct a systematic and serious search for the truth: it is more the role of the critic. He is to observe the faults, the nonsenses, and the blunders, unconcerned for the persons at the butt-end of his critique and how they are to extricate themselves from it. The jester need not be a merry clown at all. Perhaps that is why alongside God, the sub-title of Kołakowski's book mentions things that are sad. Kołakowski is fascinated by the figure of Satan, who wants to be taken seriously but in culture, especially in the folk culture is attributed grotesque forms. Only the devil of the jasełka traditional Polish Christmas play makes audiences laugh hilariously, the real devil is deadly serious, since he is eternally thirsting for the truth and for love. Kołakowski is not pleased with his role of jester. But neither would he be any use as a priest. He has no gospel of his own which he could pass on to other people. He is trapped between two absurdities, which he briefly formulates after Pascal as: „The basic tenets of faith... are absurd, and yet the world image which excludes those tenets is even more absurd".
II problema dell'amicizia nel pensiero di Aristotele
Authors: Majkrzak Henryk
Published: March 2021

Nel pensiero umano il problema dell’amicizia - cioe il problema del affetto mutuo fra due persone o sentimento che trasporta verso l’altro, originate da uma adequata conformita di cui i caratteri tipici sono il disinteresse e la reciprocita - occupa un posto significante, perche ogni uomo e fatto per rapportarsi a un cuore che ha bisogno di complementarieta, di comimione, di discemere e di camminare insieme. Grazie all’amicizia l'uomo puo  diventare un paradise per l’uomo. La comprensione del problema dell’amicizia esprime il livello della civilta attuale. La nostra societa e purtroppo piu una societa di mercato, di utile economico, di competizione, di potere, dell’uomo lupo all’altro uomo, che ima societa di rapporti veramente umani. Inoltre l’amicizia sembra trasferita nel campo dell’utile particolare per aveme vantaggi, al di fuori del merito.
Pedro Viana SJ (1549-1609) et son activité de philosophe en Lituanie
Authors: Darowski Roman
Published: March 2021

En 1570, les jesuites fonderent un college à Vilna (Wilno, Vilnious), en Lituanie, qui a ete transforme en Academie en 1579. Un cours special de Philosophie qui durait trois ans y a ete introduit en 1572. Le present article est consacre au jesuite espagnol Pedro Viana, professeur de Philosophie à Vilna de 1575 à 1578. Des sources inconnues jusqu'à maintenant nous permettront d'eclairer d'un nouveau jour la personnalite de cet Espagnol qui sur ses soixante annees de vie en passa cinq dans la Republique de Deux Nations, etat compose alors des terres dites de la Couronne (la Pologne) et du Grand Duche de Lituanie, et contribua au developpement de la philosophie de ces deux nations. En meme temps, ce texte montre comment on enseignait la philosophie à Vilna dans les annees 70 du XVIe siecle.
Antonio Perez SJ (1599-1649) i jego związki z polską scholastyką jezuicką
Authors: Knebel Sven
Published: March 2021

Dzięki badaniom R. Darowskiego wiemy, jak bezpośrednio Hiszpanie w XVI wieku byli zaangażowani w rozwój studium filozofii w polskich kolegiach jezuickich. Ich zaś pośredni wpływ na historię filozofii polskiej nie ogranicza się bynajmniej do recepcji myśli Suareza. Wydana niedawno monografia, poświęcona Antoniemu Perezowi SJ, kieruje uwagę na postać, która także w tym względzie jest interesująca.
The Jesuits and the Polish Sarmatianism
Authors: Obirek Stanisław
Published: March 2021

The road into Poland was not easy for the Society of Jesus. Although there were some Polish bishops, such as Stanisław Hozjusz [Stanislaus Hosius] and the successor to his See of Varmia, Marcin Kromer [Martinus Cromerus], who took steps to induce the authorities at Rome to allow the Jesuits to come and establish themselves in Poland-Lithuania, seeing the Order as an effective auxiliary agency for the practical implementation of the reforms passed at the Council of Trent, their efforts were isolated attempts which failed to find sympathy with even the rest of the bishops of Poland, not to speak of other social groups.
L'attività pratica dei gesuiti polacchi e lituani in favore dei contadini durante il primo secolo della presenza dell'ordine in Polonia (dal 1564)
Authors: Pyszka Stanisław
Published: March 2021

L'attivita dei gesuiti polacchi e lituani durante il primo secolo della loro presenza in Polonia (dal 1564) non si limitava, naturalmente, ad uno stretto cerchio dell’ambiente universitario di Vilna (dal 1579), anche se l’operato di questo centre educative, dal quale uscivano i futuri quadri politici e amministrativi dello Stato polacco-lituano, sarebbe gia di per se sufficientemente rappresentativo. Infatti, l’accrescere dell’interesse accademico per la questione sociale, registrato a Vilna, era di data posteriore rispetto all'attivita pratica, svolta su questo campo ormai da piu di 70 anni ad opera dei gesuiti non impegnati direttamente airinsegnamento universitario o medio. Furono proprio loro a creare im clima che consent! ed ispirö sia la pubblicazione del trattato di MARCIN ŚMIGLECKI SJ, che gli scritti degli altri. Vi furono anche diversi documenti, emanati appositamente sia dai rispettivi Generali della Compagnia di Gesu a Roma, sia dai Provinciali locali, sia infine da Visitatori delle Province Polacca e Lituana della Compagnia. Detti documenti, insieme alle opere non filosofiche (benche trattanti numerosi punti propri della philosophia practica) meritano d'esser presentati in questo articolo.
Kształtowanie postawy obywatelskiej, Zbiór tekstów pod redakcją Piotra Lenartowicza SJ. [The Formation of the Civic Responsability. Texts edited by Piotr Lenartowicz, S.J.]
Authors: Tieplakoff Arkadiusz
Published: March 2021

This book contains five lectures which had been delivered at the Jesuit Faculty of Philosophy in Cracow. Each of them is different in subject-matter, but what makes them one book is the common concern for the social affairs. It is addressed to the general reader. Those readers who are uninitiated in the field of broadly-understood politology could find there a short dictionary of political-ethical terms. It would not just facilitate the reports' comprehension, but also widens an outlook by introducing the semantic aspects of terminology that sometimes is left out of account.
Wprowadzenie do personalistycznej koncepcji wszechświata według Johna Macmurray (1891–1976)
Authors: Rybowicz Artur
Published: March 2021

Zdaniem Johna Macmurray, teoretyczny i egocentryczny charakter tradycyjnej filozofii byl źródłem subiektywizmu i dualistycznego postrzegania rzeczywistości, co w konsekwencji prowadziło do zafałszowania obrazu świata, człowieka i Boga. W swej filozoficznej karierze Macmurray bardzo wcześnie, bo już w latach trzydziestych zdał sobie sprawę z niebezpieczeństwa, jakie dualistyczne myślenie niosło ze sobą dla osobowego życia ludzkości, a w konsekwencji i dla wiary religijnej. Kulturowym i społecznym skutkiem dualistycznych sposobów myślenia w filozofii, teologii, sztuce i nauce było bowiem zaznaczające się na coraz
większą skalę w międzywojennej Europie osłabienie integralności życia osobowego, a tym samym zarzucenie wiary religijnej i przyjęcie światopoglądu ateistycznego. Dlatego też już od początku swojej filozoficznej refleksji postawił on sobie za cel rozpoznanie filozoficznych żródeł i nurtów myślenia, które charakteryzowały współczesny okres historii i zniekształcały rozumienie osoby i życia osobowego. Jego poszukiwania doprowadziły go do przekonania, że głównym źródłem myślenia subiektywistycznego we współczesnej filozofii jest filozofia kartezjanska oraz jej kontynuacja w kantyzmie i nurtach filozoficznych
z niego się wywodzących.
H. H. Dahm, A. Ignatow. Geschichte der philosophischen Traditionen Osteuropas
Authors: Bremer Józef
Published: March 2021

Tematem książki jest historia tradycyjnych filozofii Europy wschodniej i południowo-wschodniej (omawiana tu pozycja nie uwzględnia  rozwoju filozofii marksistowskiej w tym regionie). Ponieważ jest ona pierwszym w języku niemieckim całościowym przedstawieniem filozofii tej części naszego kontynentu, należy ją rozumieć - co zresztą podkreślają Wydawcy w Słowie wstępnym - jako korelat do książki S. H. Noacka Die Philosophie Westeuropas, której czwarte wydanie ukazało się w tymn samym wydawnictwie w 1976 roku.
Roman Darowski. Poglądy filozoficzne Antoniego Skorulskiego SJ (1715-1777) [Les conceptions philosophiques d'Antoine Skorulski, S.J. (1715-1777)]
Authors: Rachański Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

Skorulski fut un des plus eminents professeurs de philosophie a l'Academie de Vihia au XVIIIe siecle et auteur de deux ouvrages philosophiques. Plus tard, il fut recteur de trois colleges des jesuites, provincial des jesuites en Lituanie et ensuite recteur de l'Academie de Viina. Cette dissertation constitue une breve monographie de Skorulski en tant que philosophe. Elle contient sa biographie, la description de ses ouvrages et la caracteristique de sa philosophie. La brochure contient en particuher: Conceptions philosophiques: Logique. Metaphysique. Physique generale. Physique particulifere. Psychologie. Rapport au cartesianisme. Rapport a l'heliocentrisme. Conclusion. Supplements: 1. Lettre d'Antoine Skorulski au roi Stanislas Auguste Poniatowski, 1773. 2. Reponse du roi Stanislas Auguste Poniatowski. 3. Fragments du livre Commentariolum philosophiae, traduits en polonais.
Sprawiedliwość w świetle etyki
Authors: Ślipko Tadeusz
Published: March 2021

Sprawiedliwość jako kategoria etyczno-prawna pozostaje w ścisłym związku z prawem tak  naturalnym, jak też pozytywnym. Powiązania te są wszakże tego rodzaju, że umożliwiają traktowanie sprawiedliwości jako odrębnej struktury w ramach ogólnego ładu moralno-prawnego. Dzięki temu również w obrębie etyki chrześcijańskiej istnieje pokaźna literatura poświęcona problematyce oplecionej około tego pojęcia. W czasie, kiedy łacina była w powszechnym użyciu, często pojawiały się traktaty pod tytułem De iustitia bądź De iure et iustitia. Z chwilą, kiedy w filozofii i etyce górę wzięły języki narodowe, sprawiedliwość nadal przyciąga ku sobie uwagę autorów. Owszem krąg zainteresowania się tą problematyki rozszerzył się na teoretyków innych także, poza chrześcijańskich filozofów. Panujący w tym świecie pluralizm doktryn etycznoprawnych spowodował, ze zamiast coraz klarowniejszego pojecia sprawiedliwości mamy coraz więcej znaków zapytania, niekiedy wręcz zasadniczych trudności odnośnie do właściwego rozumienia tego pojecia. W tym stanie poglądów narzuca się konieczność skonfrontowania stanowiska etyki chrześcijańskiej z głoszonymi dziś koncepcjami. Dobrą po temu okazję stwarza praca znanego w Polsce i zagranicą filozofa i teoretyka prawa Ch. Perelmana. Nie jest to autor tak w świecie naukowym populamy, jak np. J. Rawls, ale właśnie jego prace dostarczają najlepszego materiału dla realizacji postawionego sobie przed chwilą celu.
Filozoficzne implikacje ortodoksyjnej interpretacji teorii kwantów
Authors: Ziemiański Stanisław
Published: March 2021

Do czasu sformułowania teorii kwantów (TK) istniało przekonanie, że rzeczywistość jest otwarta dla naszego poznania i ze poznanie polega tylko na biernym przyjmowaniu obrazów przedmiotów. Sądzono, że  uogólniające działanie umysłu nie wnosi niczego nowego do treści przyjmowanej i że inny jest tylko sposób istnienia tej treści w umyśle. Niektóre jednak fakty z mikroświata wydają się domagać zmodyfikowania owego poglądu. Istnieje pewna naturalna granica naszego poznania indywidualnych przedmiotów, której w żaden sposób przekroczyć nie możemy. Stwierdzenie tego ograniczenia przybrało postać zasady nieoznaczoności. Wiąże się ją z nazwiskiem Heisenberga, który sformułował ją w 1927 r. Słuszności samej zasady nieoznaczoności nikt nie kwestionuje, trudności pojawiają się w jej zrozumieniu. John Polkinghorn pisze: „Największym paradoksem teorii kwantów jest to, że po ponad 50 latach pomyślnego wykorzystywania jej technik, jej wyjaśnienie jest ciągle przedmiotem dyskusji. Wszyscy się zgadzamy co do tego, jak przeprowadzać rachunki, a nasze odpowiedzi pasują do doświadczeń jak rękawiczka, a jednak nie możemy się zgodzić wszyscy co do tego, o co właściwie tu chodzi". Istnieją więc przynajmniej dwie interpretacje TK: ontologiczna i teoriopoznawcza.
Mowa i rzeczywistość w trzecim tysiącleciu: dziedzictwo Eugena Rosenstocka-Huessy, Michaiła Bachtina, Martina Bubera i Franza Rosenzweiga
Authors: Stahmer Harold
Published: March 2021

Perhaps the burning issue facing us today is how people from different cultural backgrounds can live together or in close proximity with one another and preserve their identities without destroying one another. This topic is important to me because I believe that new understandings about what we mean by the terms “speech” and “reality”' may contribute towards an improvement in our ability to work together with peoples of diverse backgrounds in order to create a more caring an humane planet. As I approach my three score and ten years of life and think about the importance for future generations of the legacies of my teacher Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, of Mikhail Bakhtin, Martin Buber and Franz Rosenzweig, two Christians and two Jews, whose lives and writings have also influenced my own life and thinking. I would single out their insights into speech and language as worthy of serious attention by future generations. When asked by students and colleagues if there is a single unifying theme that we should focus our energies on, without hesitation, I say: speech and reality.