bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los sistemas de impuesto a la renta de América Latina y los convenios de doble imposición vigentes
Authors: Espinosa Sepúlveda Jorge
Published: December 2020

Los sistemas tributarios en América Latina han jugado un rol muy importante como los principales, y en algunos casos los únicos, medios de obtención de ingresos públicos para financiar los ingentes gastos públicos necesarios para el quehacer de los estados a través de los tiempos. A continuación se presenta una pequeña reseña de los principales aspectos delos sistemas tributarios en la región, con énfasis en el impacto de los impuestos a la renta vigentes en los principales países de América Latina. Asimismo, se incluye una breve explicación de la red de convenios para evitar la doble imposición, vigentes en cada uno de dichos países.
Consideraciones climáticas sobre los convenios internacionales de relevancia ambiental
Authors: Foy Valencia Pierre
Published: December 2020

En la primera parte se elabora una caracterización de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMCC) y su contexto en términos de consideraciones prejurídicas acerca de la diplomacia climática y de consideraciones generales sobre dicha convención. En la segunda parte se abordan, a modo de muestra, referencias sobre las sinergias entre compromisos internacionales y la CMCC y algunas derivaciones jurídicas más específicas.
La dictadura en la República romana clásica como referente paradigmático del régimen de excepción constitucional
Authors: Siles Vallejos Abraham
Published: December 2020

El artículo toma como punto de partida la idea de que es en la República romana clásica donde ha de encontrarse el modelo original del gobierno de excepción instaurado para salvar la Constitución. A partir de ello, se analizan las características de esta institución, que ha fundado una«tradición» intelectual en el pensamiento político y jurídico de Occidente. El estudio también comenta los rasgos que distinguen a la «dictadura romana» como concepción que ilumina las opciones teóricas de quienes se preocupan por las emergencias constitucionales y los poderes para hacerles frente.
Criterios para obtener la concesión de una patente de invención en el Perú
Authors: Arana Courrejolles María del Carmen
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo es una revisión casuística de informes técnicos de diferentes expedientes de solicitudes de patentes de invención en los campos tecnológicos de la biotecnología, farmacia, química e ingeniería, donde se identifican y extraen los criterios generales y específicos sobre los requisitos de claridad y nivel inventivos que se evalúan en el examen técnico para la obtención de una patente de invención en el Perú.Es importante señalar que previo a la revisión de los informes técnicos investigados, se brindan algunas definiciones para la compresión de los requisitos del examen técnico, tales como concisión, claridad, suficiencia, novedad y nivel inventivo.
El nombre comercial y su uso por parte de la persona jurídica
Authors: Pazos Hayashida Javier Mihail
Published: December 2020

Este artículo analiza la función del nombre comercial como signo distintivo del agente económico y su uso, teniendo en cuenta el marco regulatorio actual y los problemas generados por la confusión con el nombre de la persona jurídica, el rótulo de establecimiento o la marca de servicio. Además, se analiza el surgimiento del derecho sobre el referido signo, la acreditación del uso y los efectos de la falta del mismo.
En torno al derecho moral del autor a la integridad de su obra: reflexiones a propósito del daño efectuado a los murales en el Centro de Lima
Authors: Solórzano Solórzano Raúl
Published: December 2020

Sobre la base del reciente daño efectuado a los murales en el Centro de Lima, a través del presente artículo se analiza el conflicto que puede producirse entre el derecho moral de los autores a la integridad de sus obras y el derecho de propiedad de los titulares del soporte que contiene la creación intelectual. Se brinda criterios a tomarse en cuenta en los conflictos donde estén involucrados murales. Finalmente, se examina las posibles infracciones al derecho moral de integridad.
El rompecabezas incompleto. La omisión normativa y jurisprudencial sobre la protección por el derecho de autor de personajes y objetos de la obra
Authors: Murillo Chávez Javier André
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo analiza la omisión normativa y jurisprudencial sobre la protección de los personajes y objetos de ficción que son parte de las obras protegidas por el régimen de derecho de autor. El autor sistematiza los criterios utilizados en los casos de jurisprudencia administrativa en conflictos existentes entre la propiedad intelectual y la propiedad industrial para extraer las reglas específicas existentes en casos que involucran objetos de ficción y personajes, estableciendo y proponiendo criterios para encontrar la originalidad de estos elementos.
Cómo afrontar lo inesperado. La fuerza mayor en la contratación internacional: ¿principio o cláusula?
Authors: Castro Ruiz Marcela
Published: December 2020

La fuerza mayor es una eximente de responsabilidad de aceptación universal, en desarrollo del principio según el cual nadie está obligado a lo imposible. En los sistemas de derecho continental este concepto se ha consagrado generalmente a través de una enunciación legal que puede ser más o menos amplia, dejando a los jueces su valoración caso por caso. En el common law, el contrato termina y la parte incumplida se exonera de la obligación de pagar perjuicios cuando surge una circunstancia que frustra la finalidad perseguida por los contratantes o si la prestación es «comercialmente impracticable». La aplicación de la eximente «fuerza mayor» en este sistema proviene de cláusulas expresas en que las partes la consagran y regulan sus efectos jurídicos. En el presente escrito se examina la interacción de los dos sistemas, la cual ocurre de manera muy significativa en la contratación internacional.
Justiciabilidad de las medidas regresivas de los derechos sociales. Algunas reflexiones acerca de su protección en América Latina
Authors: Torres Zuñiga Natalia
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo tiene por propósito plantear una reflexión sobre la protección jurisdiccional que reciben los derechos sociales frente a la adopción de medidas regresivas en Latinoamérica por parte de los Estados, así como de los diversos grados de tutela jurisdiccional que aquellos reciben. El artículo desarrolla la noción de regresividad y los alcances del principio de prohibición de regresividad, así como la experiencia  de las Cortes Constitucionales de Perú y Colombia y de los órganos el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos en torno a la protección de los derechos sociales.
Democracia directa: ¿voluntad del pueblo versus los derechos fundamentales? Análisis comparativo entre Suiza y California
Authors: Josi Claudia
Published: December 2020

En muchos países, los ciudadanos tienen la facultad de proponer nuevas leyes o modificaciones a la Constitución mediante iniciativas populares. Dado que las mismas gozan de una legitimación especial muchas veces se regulan por procedimientos diferentes a la legislación promulgada por la legislatura y pueden ser usados por sus proponentes para esquivar las restricciones a las que la legislación «ordinaria» está sujeta. Eso ha llevado a que, recientemente, se han presentado varias iniciativas populares que han entrado en conflicto con los derechos de las minorías, derechos fundamentales de otros grupos afectados, y otras garantías constitucionales. Desde una perspectiva de análisis comparativo, este artículo explora si las legislaciones en Suiza y California establecen restricciones procedimentales y sustantivas a este mecanismo de democracia directa y en qué medida. En este contexto, cuestiona si el alcance y el disfrute de los derechos fundamentales pueden estar sujetos a iniciativas populares. Finalmente, este artículo hace ciertas recomendaciones destinadas a mejorar los límites legales de las iniciativas populares y de sus mecanismos de control para garantizar que el alcance y el disfrute de los derechos fundamentales no estén sujetos al contenido de iniciativas populares.
Regímenes complementarios de jubilación en el Perú: ¿una opción paralela?
Authors: Abanto Revilla César
Published: December 2020

En el Perú, existe, desde finales de 1992, un modelo mixto de pensiones que está formado, a su vez, por un régimen público —dentro del cual tenemos a los miembros de las fuerzas armadas y policiales (decreto ley 19846), a los servidores públicos (decreto ley 20530), a los servidores diplomáticos (decreto supremo 065-2009-RE) y al Sistema Nacional de Pensiones (decreto ley 19990)— y, en paralelo, un régimen privado, a saber, el Sistema Privado de Pensiones (SPP) de las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (AFP) (decreto ley 25897). En la medida en que diversos factores han afectado el normal desarrollo de los sistemas estatales de pensiones, se ha pretendido sustituirlos por el modelo privado chileno de 1980. Sin embargo, las crisis financieras han demostrado que este mecanismo también presenta debilidades, en especial, por su íntima vinculación a la volatilidad de los mercados financiero y bursátil, lo cual ha llevado a que se ensayen fórmulas alternas. En algunos casos, estas se han dirigido hacia los regímenes de pensiones complementarias, es decir, a la creación de fondos previsionales que tienen por finalidad otorgar prestaciones adicionales a las reconocidas por los sistemas obligatorios existentes.
Efficacy of Bacterial Isolates against Causal Agent of Late Blight of Potato, Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Rani Anju , Upadhyay Sushil Kumar , Shukla Gyanika , Singh Chhaya , Singh Raj
Published: December 2020

Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is main crop in subtropical and temperate regions as vegetable crop. It is affected by Phytophthora infestans causing a devasting disease late blight. The chemical pesticides used against this disease in this present scenario cause pollution (soil as well as water) and adversely affect beneficial soil micro-flora, grazing animals and human beings. Methods: An experiment was designed at the Department of Botany, K.V. Subharti College of Science, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut (UP), India during 2017-2018. Three bacterial bioagents, Pseudomonas isolate 1 and 2 and Bacillus species was isolated from infected phylloplane and used against late blight pathogen, P. infestans. The efficacy of antagonistic bio-agents tested against mycelial growth, zoospore and zoosporangial germination of P. infestans by dual culture method and detached leaf method. Result: The present study focused on use of bio-agents or antagonistic bacteria to control late blight pathogen showed concentration biased potential inhibitory activity against mycelial growth, zoospore and zoosporangial germination. It means higher the concentration of bacterial isolate, greater the inhibitory effect on various tested parameters. Among the three tested antagonistic bioagents, Bacillus showed maximum zone of inhibition to late blight pathogen. The proved that the Pseudomaonas and Bacillus as potential antagonistic agent for ecofriendly sustainable management of pathogenic mycoflora, P. infestans.
The relationship between moral, supportive and oppressive leadership styles, with the psychological capital
Authors: Rahiminejad P. , Golshani Gh. , Arshi Maliheh
Published: December 2020

This study to aim Investigate the relationship between moral, supportive and oppressive leadership styles, with the psychological capital. The current research is correlative and descriptive due to its nature. For this study, 400 samples were considered. After distributing and collecting questionnaires, 20 valid questionnaires for analysis were diagnosed, so research sample group was reduced to 380 persons. The sample randomly sampled based on a list of employees. The sample randomly sampled based on a list of employees. To collect log data, organizational effectiveness, leadership oppressive questionnaire, a questionnaire ethical leadership, supportive leadership questionnaire was used. Data analysis in two levels of descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, multiple regression and ANOVA (analysis of variance, a statistical method in which the variation in a set of observations is divided into distinct components.)) was performed using SPSS software. According to the result of the relationship between leadership styles (ethics and fairness, clarity of roles, division of power, oppressive leadership and leadership support) with dimensions of psychological capital (self-efficacy, the ability resourcefulness, optimism and resilience) there is a significant relationship

Key words: leadership styles, moral leadership, supportive leadership, oppressive leadership, psychological capital
Implementation of bioethic principles in the evaluation of the patient’s status and role in written medical interaction
Authors: Zhura V. V , Semenova E. G
Published: December 2020

The article explored the fact that various bioethical principles underlie the evaluation of the patient’s status and role in therapeutic interactions in written medical documents. We have found that characterization of biomedical, social and behavioural aspects of the patient’s existence relies on such bioethical principles as obligation, truthfulness, respect for human rights and dignity, the patient’s good. A few facts of the violation of the principle of respect for human rights and dignity consisting in verbal stigmatization have been provided. Bioethical perspective is also taken to evaluate the mode and extent of the patient’s involvement in a medical interaction, which are either negatively or positively assessed based on the patient’s compliance and good.
Ethics of dental tourism as a subject of scientific interest
Authors: Shchekin G. Yu , Osyko A. N , Bakhtin V. A , Kozhevnikov L. L
Published: December 2020

The theme of the paper is defined by the relevance and insufficient scientific elaboration of the concept of dental tourism in Russia on the basis of deep, comprehensive and conceptually oriented research. The article presents the analytical review of foreign literature in the field of dental tourism. The authors consider various approaches to the definition of the concept of dental tourism. Scientific developments which are devoted to the dental tourism have not been conducted in our country yet. Mainly, the scientific developments in the sphere of dental tourism are conducted for advertising purposes. The authors points to the possibility and necessity of this study within the framework of sociology of medicine which has the methodological and operational basis for achieving the planned result.
Clinical Legal Education: A Virtual Mode of Access to Justice
Authors: Gigimon V.S. , Nandwana Shruti
Published: December 2020

Legal education, all over the world uses a mix of practical and theoretical means to train students. For purposes of practical training, specialized legal clinics are established by legal education institutions to train the students to apply the classroom learnt law in live cases. These legal clinics serve dual purposes, first, of training students in the practical aspects of the law and second, providing access to justice to people in areas where it is difficult to get legal help and where reaching institutions of justice delivery is difficult. The pandemic situation prevailing world over now has had deep impacts in imparting legal education. The physical classrooms have turned into virtual classrooms, delivering only theoretical education and leaving doubts in the mind of students due to lack of practical training resulting from non-functioning of legal aid clinics in this situation. In order to ensure access to justice in India during the time of pandemic, the judiciary has taken recourse of virtual courts, whereby the listing and hearing of cases which require urgent hearing are done online. The same methodology has also been adopted by the National Legal Aid Service Authority by conducting virtual Lok Adalats where cases are entrusted to them . By studying the same mode of virtual courts and virtual Lok Adalats, the present paper aims to devise a working model to ensure that clinical legal education is continued in India during these times of pandemic, and that legal aid clinics work efficiently to ensure that people are not deprived of their right to legal assistance. The working model proposes a collaboration between the legal aid clinics of the universities and colleges and the justice delivery institutions to ensure dual purpose of legal aid clinics is met. The model will also be tested in the institution, and a pan India plan of action for implementing this model would be devised.
Postrzeganie reklamy telewizyjnej produktów farmaceutycznych w świetle wyników badań bezpośrednich
Authors: Kraszkiewicz Daria , Waniowski Paweł
Published: December 2020

There are numerous reasons for the very rapid increase in the consumption of medicines and other pharmaceuticals that has occurred in Poland in recent years. According to experts, these include easier access to these products, the ageing of Polish society, the development of lifestyle diseases requiring pharmacological treatment, the growing popularity of dietary supplements, as well as marketing activities of pharmaceutical companies. This last aspect is important, as the pharmaceutical industry is at the forefront of the most profitable and fastest growing sectors of the economies of highly-developed countries. It is probably the reason why currently extremely intense advertising campaigns conducted by large pharmaceutical companies can be observed on the Polish market. This paper attempts to define the perception of various aspects of television commercials of OTC drugs and dietary supplements and present various conditions of this process with particular emphasis on the psychological aspects. The results of our own study on the perception of OTC drugs and dietary supplement advertising and its impact on purchasing decisions are presented. On their basis, conclusions were drawn from the analysis of empirical material, indicating the impact of television advertising campaigns for medicines and other pharmaceuticals on the level and structure of their consumption.
Con la tercera España. Luigi Sturzo, la Iglesia y la Guerra Civil Española
Authors: Fullana Puigserver Pere
Published: December 2020

Alfonso Botti, Con la tercera España. Luigi Sturzo, la Iglesia y la Guerra Civil Española. Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2020, 306 384 págs., ISBN 978-84-9181-856-4 [Reseña]
Celebrating chaos: the power of untidy realities in ethnographic research
Authors: Karim Khan Saba
Published: December 2020

Ethnographic work is underpinned by fluid and often ambiguous methodological demands as well as dataset chaos [...] By ‘embracing the chaos’ of its subject matter and controlling for methodological messiness, ethnographers can turn the ambiguity, fluidity and fragmentation of the human condition and its cultural webs into a weapon that yields unique empirical purchase.
Planning moves around the pandemic: conducting bridge research during the chaos of Covid-19
Authors: Judge Kevin
Published: December 2020

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Early Universe Plasma Separation and the Creation of a Dual Universe
Authors: Al-Fadhli Mohammed B.
Published: December 2020

The Planck Legacy recent release revealed a closed and positively curved early universe with a confidence level greater than 99%. In this study, the Friedmann–Lemaîtree–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric is enhanced to model early universe plasma, incorporating its reference curvature radius upon the emission of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the reference scale factor of the energy flux. The universe evolution from early plasma is modelled utilising quantised spacetime worldlines, where they revealed both positive and negative solutions implying that matter and antimatter in the plasma could be separated by electromagnetic fields and evolved in opposite directions as distinct sides of the universe, corroborating the CMB dipole anisotropy. The model indicates a nascent hyperbolic expansion is followed by a first phase of decelerating expansion during the first 10 Gyr, and then, a second phase of accelerating expansion. The model theoretically resolves the tension in Hubble parameter measurements, with a predicted density at the phase transition of 1.16. Further, it predicts a final time-reversal phase of rapid spatial contraction leading to a Big Crunch, signalling a cyclic universe. Simulations of the quantised spacetime continuum flux through its travel along the predicted worldlines demonstrated the fast-orbital speed of stars resulting from an external momentum exerted on galaxies via the spatial curvature through imaginary time dimension. These findings indicate that early universe plasma could be separated and evolved into distinct sides, collectively and geometrically influencing the universe evolution.
An Efficient Deep Learning-Based Detection and Classification System for Cyber-Attacks in IoT Communication Networks
Authors: Abu Al-Haija Qasem , Zein-Sabatto Saleh
Published: December 2020

With the rapid expansion of intelligent resource-constrained devices and high-speed communication technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) has earned a wide recognition as the primary standard for low-power lossy networks (LLNs). Nevertheless, IoT infrastructures are vulnerable to cyber-attacks due to the constraints in computation, storage, and communication capacity of the endpoint devices. From one side, the majority of newly developed cyber-attacks are formed by slightly mutating formerly established cyber-attacks to produce a new attack tending to be treated as a normal traffic through the IoT network. From the other side, the influence of coupling the deep learning techniques with cybersecurity field has become a recent inclination of many security applications due to their impressive performance. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive development of a new intelligent and autonomous deep learning-based detection and classification system for cyber-attacks in IoT communication networks leveraging the power of convolutional neural networks, abbreviated as (IoT-IDCS-CNN). The proposed IoT-IDCS-CNN makes use of the high-performance computing employing the robust CUDA based Nvidia GPUs and the parallel processing employing the high-speed I9-Cores based Intel CPUs. In particular, the proposed system is composed of three subsystems: Feature Engineering subsystem, Feature Learning subsystem and Traffic classification subsystem. All subsystems are developed, verified, integrated, and validated in this research. To evaluate the developed system, we employed the NSL-KDD dataset which includes all the key attacks in the IoT computing. The simulation results demonstrated more than 99.3% and 98.2% of cyber-attacks’ classification accuracy for the binary-class classifier (normal vs anomaly) and the multi-class classifier (five categories) respectively. The proposed system was validated using k-fold cross validation method and was evaluated using the confusion matrix parameters (i.e., TN, TP, FN, FP) along with other classification performance metrics including precision, recall, F1-score, and false alarm rate. The test and evaluation results of the IoT-IDCS-CNN system outperformed many recent machine-learning based IDCS systems in the same area of study.
Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer using Nickel-laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Longos Alberto Jr , Tigue April Anne , Dollente Ithan Jessemar , Malenab Roy Alvin , Bernardo-Arugay Ivyleen , Hinode Hirofumi , Kurniawan Winarto , Promentilla Michael Angelo
Published: December 2020

Geopolymer cement has been popularly studied nowadays compared to ordinary Portland cement because it demonstrated superior environmental advantages due to its lower carbon emissions and waste material utilization. This paper focuses on the formulation of geopolymer cement from nickel-laterite mine waste (NMW) and coal fly ash (CFA) as geopolymer precursors, and sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium silicate (SS) as alkali activators. Different mix formulations of raw materials are synthesized to produce a geopolymer based from an I-optimal design and obtained different compressive strengths. A mixed formulation of 50% NMW and 50% CFA, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.5, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.429 yielded the highest 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 22.10 ± 5.40 MPa. Furthermore, using an optimized formulation of 50.12% NMW, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.516, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.428, a UCS value of 36.30 ± 3.60 MPa was obtained. The result implies that the synthesized geopolymer material can be potentially used for concrete structures and pavers, pedestrian pavers, light traffic pavers, and plain concrete.
A Guide to Setting Up and Managing a Lab at a Research-Intensive Institution
Authors: Goldstein Bob , Avasthi Prachee
Published: December 2020

Postdocs who land faculty jobs at research-intensive institutions need to juggle several new large-scale tasks: identifying space and equipment needs for their lab, negotiating the hiring package, outfitting the lab with supplies, building a team, and learning to manage time in ways that can promote productivity and happiness. Here we share tips to help new hires think clearly about each of these tasks.
Effect of Feeding a Pellet Diet Containing High Sulfur With Fresh Cassava Root Supplementation on Feed Use Efficiency, Ruminal Characteristics, and Blood Metabolites in Thai Native Beef Cattle
Authors: Prachumchai Rittikeard , Cherdthong Anusorn , Wanapat Metha , Supapong Chanadol , Khonkhaeng Benjamad , Suntara Chanon , Foiklang Suban
Published: December 2020

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of feeding pellet containing high sulfur (PELFUR) diet and fresh cassava root (FCR) to Thai native beef cattle on feed use efficiency, ruminal characteristics, and blood metabolites. Four male Thai native beef cattle (150 ± 15.0 kg of body weight (BW)) were allocated with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A was FCR supplementation at 15 and 20 g/kg of BW. Factor B was the sulfur level in the PELFUR ration at 15 and 30 g/kg of dry matter (DM). No interaction effect was found among FCR supplementation and PELFUR in terms of feed intake and nutrient intake (p > 0.05). Cyanide intake was significantly increased based on FCR supplementation (p < 0.05), whereas sulfur intake was increased by level addition of PELFUR levels (p < 0.05). There were interaction effects among FCR supplementation and PELFUR on digestibility coeﬃcients of DM and organic matter (OM) (p < 0.05). FCR supplementation at 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR 30 g/kg demonstrated the highest digestibility of DM and OM. Moreover, interactions were observed between FCR and PELFUR for bacterial populations (p < 0.01). The populations of bacteria were highest in FCR supplementation at 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR 30 g/kg at various feeding times. An interaction effects from among feeding FCR with PELFUR was found on blood thiocyanate concentrations at various feeding times (p < 0.01). The highest mean values of blood thiocyanate were observed when feeding FCR at 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR at 30 g/kg. No interaction effect was found between FCR and PELFUR on total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and their profiles (p >0.05). However, the proportions of the total VFA at 0 and 4 h post-feeding were increased when FCR at 20 g/kg BW was supplemented (p < 0.01). FCR at 20 g/kg BW could enhance propionate (C3) at 4 h post-feeding when compared with FCR at 15 g/kg BW (p < 0.01). Moreover, supplementation of PELFUR at 30 g/kg increased the total VFA at 0 and 4 h post-feeding, whereas the concentration of C3 at 4 h post-feeding was enhanced (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were found for any parameters among treatments and between the main effect of FCR and PELFUR supplementation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, feeding of two combinations (FCR 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR 30 g/kg) could promote the nutrient digestibility, the bacterial populations, and the rate of disappearance of cyanide without having any adverse effect on rumen fermentation.
Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor Based on Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Polymer Deposited on Silicon Nano-Cylinders Metasurface
Authors: Butt Muhammad Ali , Kazanskiy Nikolay Lvovich , Khonina Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we have numerically investigated a metasurface based perfect absorber design established on the impedance matching phenomena. The paper comprises of two parts. In the first part, the device performance of the perfect absorber is studied which is composed of a silicon Nano-cylindrical meta-atoms periodically arranged on the thin gold layer. The device design is unique which works for both x-oriented and y-oriented polarized light, besides independent of the angle of incidence. In the second part of the paper, CO2 gas sensing application is explored by depositing a thin layer of functional host material polyhexamethylene biguanide polymer on the metasurface. The refractive index of the host material decreases due to the absorption of the CO2 gas. As a result, the resonance wavelength of the perfect absorber performs a prominent blueshift. With the help of the proposed sensor design based on metasurface, the CO2 gas concentration range of 0-524 ppm is detected. The maximum sensitivity of ~17.3 pm/ppm is acquired for the gas concentration of 434 ppm. The study presented in this work explores the opportunity of utilizing metasurface perfect absorber for gas sensing applications by employing the functional host materials.
The Role of Non-Canonical Hsp70s (Hsp110/Grp170) in Cancer
Authors: Chakafana Graham , Shonhai Addmore
Published: December 2020

Although cancers account for over 16% of all global deaths annually, at present, no reliable therapies exist for most types of the disease. As protein folding facilitators, heat shock proteins (Hsps) play an important role in cancer development. Not surprisingly, Hsps are among leading anticancer drug targets. Generally, Hsp70s are divided into two main subtypes: canonical Hsp70 (E. coli Hsp70/DnaK homologues) and the non-canonical (Hsp110 and Grp170) members. These two main Hsp70 groups are delineated from each other by distinct structural and functional specifications. Non-canonical Hsp70s are considered as holdase chaperones, while canonical Hsp70s are refoldases. This distinct characteristic feature is mirrored by the distinct structural features of these two groups of chaperones. Hsp110/Grp170 members are larger as they possess an extended acidic insertion in their substrate binding domains. While the role of canonical Hsp70s in cancer has received a fair share of attention, the roles of non-canonical Hsp70s in cancer development has received less attention in comparison. In the current review, we discuss the structure-function features of non-canonical Hsp70s members and how these features impact on their role in cancer development. We further mapped out their interactome and discussed the prospects of targeting these proteins in cancer therapy.
Feeding of Humpback Whales at Low Latitudes of the Southeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: García-Cegarra Ana-M. , Castro Cristina , Van Waerebeek Koen
Published: December 2020

Humpback whales perform long migrations from their breeding and nursing areas at low latitudes to feeding grounds at high latitudes. Nonetheless this strictly dichotomous paradigm of migration is challenged by accumulating examples of occasional or regular feeding in tropical or subtropical areas for several stocks worldwide. Here we report multiple lines of evidence of IWC ‘Stock G’ humpback whales feeding in coastal waters at low latitudes of the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Lunge-feeding behavior was observed in Ecuador, while both lunge- and trap-feeding in pursuit of Peruvian anchovy was documented in northern Chile. Five records of substantial defecation in a key breeding ground in Ecuador also demonstrates local foraging. In addition mark-recapture analysis of one individual feeding at high and mid latitudes of Chile suggested potential site fidelity to two foraging areas. Whether these behaviors are novel due to changes in prey distribution, intensifying competition for food from a growing humpback whale population, or rather reflect vastly increased research effort in a poorly studied region, remains unknown. Further research into the feeding ecology of 'Stock G' should help reveal historic and potentially novel feeding grounds, prey composition and precise migration paths.
Autonomous Vision-Based Primary Distribution Systems Porcelain Insulators Inspection Using UAVs
Authors: Rahman Ehab Ur , Zhang Yihong , Ahmad Sohail , Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq , Jobaer Sayed
Published: December 2020

The primary distribution systems are comprised of power lines delivering power to utility feeders from substations. The inspection and maintenance of damaged and broken power system insulators are of paramount importance for continuous power supply and public safety. hence, to identify any faults and defects in advance a periodic inspection of power line insulators and other components be ensured beforehand. To automate the process and reduce operational cost and risk Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are being extensively utilized. As they present a safer and efficient way to examine the power system insulators and their components without closing the power distribution system ensuring continuous supply to the end-users. To achieve these objectives in this work a novel dataset is designed by capturing real images using UAVs and manually generated images collected to overcome the data insufficiency problem. Deep Laplacian pyramids based super-resolution network is implemented to reconstruct high-resolution training images. To improve the visibility of low light images a low light image enhancement technique is used for the robust exposure correction of the training images. Using computer vision-based object detection techniques to identify faults and classify them according to classes they belong. A different fine-tuning strategy is implemented for fine-tuning the object detection model to increase detection accuracy for the specific faulty insulators. To improve the faults detection several flight path strategies are proposed for efficient inspection. Such strategies overcome the shuttering effect of insulators along with providing a less complex, time, and energy-efficient approach for capturing video stream of the power system components. Performance of different object detection models is presented for selecting the suitable one for fine-tuning on the specific faulty insulator dataset. Our proposed approach gives a less complex and more efficient flight strategy along with better results. For defect detection, our proposed method achieved an F1-score of 0.81 and 0.77 on two different datasets. Our approach is based on real aerial inspection of in-service porcelain insulators by extensive evaluation of several video sequences showing robust faults recognition and diagnostic capabilities. Our approach is demonstrated on data acquired by a drone in Swat Pakistan.
Offshore Wind Energy Potential for Bahrain via Multi-criteria Evaluation
Authors: Palmer Diane , Elgabiri Mohamed , Al Buflasa Hanan , Thomson Murray
Published: December 2020

Current global commitments to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases encourage national targets for renewable generation. Due to its small land mass, offshore wind could help Bahrain to fulfill its obligations. However, no scoping study has yet been carried out. The methodology presented here addresses this research need. It employs Analytical Hierarchy Process and pairwise comparison methods in a Geographical Information Systems environment. Publicly available land use, infrastructure and transport data are used to exclude areas unsuitable for development due to physical and safety constraints. Meteorological and oceanic opportunities are ranked, then competing uses are analyzed to deliver optimal sites for wind farms. The potential annual wind energy yield is calculated by dividing the sum of optimal areas by a suitable turbine footprint, to deliver maximum turbine number. Ten favourable wind farm areas were identified in Bahrain’s territorial waters, representing about 4% of the total maritime area, and capable of supplying 2.68 TWh/yr of wind energy or almost 10% of the Kingdom’s annual electricity consumption. Detailed maps of potential sites for offshore wind construction are provided in the paper, giving an initial plan for installation in these locations.
Old Parameters/New Tricks: The place of celebrity journalism in persona construction (and what we might do about it).
Authors: Usher Bethany
Published: December 2020

Celebrity journalism is a founding discourse for the construction of persona. As the first mass-circulated media, journalism made celebrity a “very public form of discourse about the dimensions of what is public and what is private, and ultimately what is intimate” (Marshall 2014, p. xii). It created parameters for the construction and visibility of different facets of self-identity in public spheres (Connell 1992; Hartley 1996), which often perpetuate inequalities of social structures through offering narrow versions of self, for example against the priorities of capital (Littler 2004; Couldry 2000, 2002). This created an incessant focus on self-fulfilment through consumerism and display of consumption as if this was an accurate public reflection of who we are (Marshall 1997, 2010; deCordova 1990). As journalism naturalised and rationalised celebrity, together they created tools through which public personas became powerful cultural signifiers and props of the socio-economic and political systems in which we live. Celebrity journalism is a principal and founding characteristic of these systems, our collective understandings of self-identity within them, how we perform this to others, and the mediation of these things. As a genre, celebrity journalism ties together the contradictions of public and private dichotomies of capitalist democracies and humanises our place in it all. Journalism and celebrity helped develop the fabric of persona, establishing threads of politics and commerce, ordinary people made extraordinary through media rituals, interwoven public and private spheres, the constructions of reality and the celebration and contestation of new ideologies.
O ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA E O APRENDIZADO SOBRE O CONCEITO DE ESPAÇO GEOGRÁFICO: NOTAS SOBRE PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS
Authors: Manfio Vanessa
Published: December 2020

O estudo do espaço na disciplina escolar de Geografia é muito importante para o desenvolvimento de uma interpretação clara sobre as várias nuances espaciais. Pensando nisso, este artigo teve como iniciativa de investigação abordar o conceito de espaço geográfico na educação geográfica, perpassando da realidade cotidiana do aluno e ultrapassando para outras análises espaciais, e, ainda, demonstrar práticas didáticas para o ensino deste conceito com os alunos. Este estudo parte de uma revisão de literatura, abordagem qualitativa e diálogo de intervenções práticas aplicadas no contexto escolar. Nessa expectativa, o trabalho pretende contribuir com um pensar, ensinar e aprender mais rico e geográfico. Já que o ensino do espaço geográfico trás a dimensão de outras temáticas e conceitos, a expressão com exatidão a relação sociedade e natureza e estabelece uma visão do vivido, concebido e representado, permitindo a visão georreferenciada do educando.
CONSIDERAÇÕES ACERCA DO PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE FORTALECIMENTO DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR (PRONAF) NO PROJETO DE ASSENTAMENTO SANTA ROSA EM ITAQUIRAÍ – MS
Authors: Santos Vania Olmedo Moura dos , Camacho Rodrigo Simão , Conceição Cristiano Almeida da
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os efeitos do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Pronaf) na produção agrícola, na geração de emprego e renda no assentamento Santa Rosa, localizado no Município de Itaquiraí/MS. Após uma fundamentação teórica sobre o Pronaf e agricultura camponesa sob a ótica da sustentabilidade, apresenta-se os resultados da pesquisa, a qual fora construída a partir de uma abordagem quali/quantitativa baseada em um estudo de caso, com entrevistas e questionários semiestruturados realizadas com os beneficiários do Programa. A partir desta foi possível concluir que o Pronaf contribuiu para o desenvolvimento territorial com sustentabilidade ao elevar a renda, fortalecer a capacidade produtiva da agricultura camponesa e estimular a manutenção local da atividade agrícola de pequena escala, ainda que conte com diversas limitações em relação à sua operação e manutenção.
VULNERABILIDADE AMBIENTAL NA SUB-BACIA DO MÉDIO TAPAJÓS (AM-PA)
Authors: Gomes Dênis , Pereira da Silva Letícia , Maria Meiguins de Lima Aline
Published: December 2020

O estudo da erosão hídrica do solo na região hidrográfica do Tapajós destaca-se pela expansão das atividades antrópicas na integridade da bacia hidrográfica. Para atender este objetivo foram utilizados dados pluviométricos estimados (GPCC) e topográficos (Imagens SRTM), além da rede hidrográfica (ANA) e indicadores socioambientais (EMBRAPA, IBGE e MMA). No processamento do risco ambiental foi empregado o interpolador Kernel para a densidade de drenagem e de ocupação do território. Como resultado obteve-se que as áreas mais susceptíveis a erosão, correspondem as regiões mais a noroeste, além da borda leste da bacia, indicando uma vulnerabilidade crescente e que responde principalmente ao potencial de antropismo da região.
ANÁLISE GEOAMBIENTAL DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO ACARAÚ, CEARÁ, NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Claudino-Sales Vanda , Lima Ernane Cortez , Simone Ferreira Diniz
Published: December 2020

Os rios e suas bacias hidrográficas são elementos fundamentais para as atividades socioeconômicas. Nesse artigo, analisa-se a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Acaraú, situada no Nordeste setentrional brasileiro, a partir dos seus aspectos geoambientais, pautados na perspectiva do geossistema. Nessa perspectiva, apresenta-se um quadro geoambiental da bacia hidrográfica em questão, bem como dos problemas ambientais que a caracterizam, postulando-se a necessidade de realização desse tipo de análise para definir a bacia como unidade de planejamento ambiental fundamental. A bacia do Rio Acaraú tem características particulares, por se situar em uma região semiárida pobre e extremamente populosa, o que resulta em estresse socioambiental, cujo principal consequência é a degradação ambiental do curso fluvial. Torna-se necessário que as autoridades regionais tomem conhecimento dos elementos geoambientais levantados, para reverter esse quadro de degradação socioambiental do recurso hídrico e permitir o crescimento territorial com base no desenvolvimento sustentável.
Perception to COVID-19 epidemic and acceptance of vaccination among healthcare workers in Beijing: a survey before the completion of COVID-19 vaccine phase III clinical trials
Authors: Luodan Suo , Rui Ma , Zhongzhan Wang , Tian Tang , Haihong Wang , Fang Liu , Jinfeng Tang , Xinghui Peng , Xue Guo , Li Lu , Xinghuo Pang
Published: December 2020

Background: Covid-19 vaccine research and development is progressing and expected to be put into use in a predictable time, we aimed to learn the awareness and acceptance of the new vaccine by healthcare workers (HCWs) in Beijing, China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate HCWs including doctors, nurses and technicians from sixty hospitals in Beijing to obtain the perception of COVID-19 epidemic and the attitudes towards vaccination before before the completion of vaccine phase III clinical trials. Multivariate analysis was applied to evaluate the associated factors with intention to get vaccination.Results: A total of 8040 HCWs was recruited. 67.1% reported they would get vaccination, others said unsure or would not. Half of the HCWs were unsure whether the outbreak in China would come back and the global epidemic would last for a long time. 67.6% agreed the epidemic can be prevented by vaccination. Positive associated factors with willingness to get vaccination were mainly included epidemic situation prognosis, perception of disease severity, self infection risk and disease can be prevented by vaccine, etc. Two positive factors of “wanted the vaccine free of charge” (OR:5.807, 95%CI:5.083-6.635, P<0.001) and “believed vaccine approved for license have been fully evaluated in clinical trials” (OR:4.485, 95%CI:3.849-5.227, P<0.001) were strongly associated with willingness to get vaccination, while two factors of “highest academic degree” (OR:0.840, 95%CI:0.772-0.914, P<0.001) and “professional ranks and titles” (OR:0.930, 95%CI:0.865-1.000, P=0.049) were negative associated .Conclusions: A little above moderate willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination was found among HCWs in Beijing before the vaccine being licensed. Free vaccination strategy should be considered to implement, effective measures should be taken to remove barriers and convey correct information through appropriate ways to enhance the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among HCWs in China.
Prognostic Value of Muscle Mass Measured via Brain Computed Tomography in Neurocritically Ill Patients
Authors: Lee Yun Im , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Ahn Joonghyun , Carriere Keumhee , Ryu Jeong-Am
Published: December 2020

We investigated whether skeletal muscle mass estimated via brain computed tomography (CT) can be used to predict neurological outcomes in neurocritically ill patients. Adult patients who were admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) from January 2010 to September 2019 were eligible. We included patients who were hospitalized in the neurosurgical ICU for more than 7 days. Cross-sectional areas of paravertebral muscle at the first cervical vertebra level (C1-CSA) and temporalis muscle thickness (TMT) on brain CT were measured to evaluate skeletal muscle mass. Primary outcome was Glasgow Outcome Scale score at 3 months. Change of C1-CSA (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054–1.761) and change of TMT (adjusted OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.028–1.576) were significantly associated with poor neurological outcome (Hosmer–Lemeshow test, Chi-square = 11.4, df = 8, p = 0.178) with areas under the curve of 0.803 (95% CI 0.740–0.866) using 10-fold cross validation method. Especially, risk of poor neurologic outcome was proportional to changes of C1-CSA and TMT. In this study, the follow-up skeletal muscle mass at first week from ICU admission, based on changes in C1-CSA and TMT, was associated with neurological prognosis in neurocritically ill patients.