bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different causes of prolonged unconjugated Jaundice in the newborns
Authors: Agrawal Vijay , Goyal Alok Kumar , Sharma J. N. , Yadav Murli D.
Published: April 2017

Background: Prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is a type of neonatal jaundice, which occurs in infants with high bilirubin levels (>10 mg/dl) persisting beyond 14-21 days. Prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem among newborns, and the prevalence rate has been estimated at 2-15%. According to the literature, breastfeeding is a major cause of prolonged jaundice, and about 40% of infants who are exclusively breastfed are diagnosed with this disorder. Among other pathological causes associated with prolonged hyperbilirubinemia are urinary tract infection (UTI), congenital hypothyroidism and hemolysis. So, this study was done to know the different causes of unconjugated jaundice in newborn.Methods: This Hospital based prospective descriptive study was carried out at outpatients and inpatients in the Department of pediatrics, SMS medical college Jaipur. Total 100 cases were taken and these neonates were evaluated to know different causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubenemia.Results: Most common cause of persistent jaundice in both term and preterm babies is breast milk jaundice (66%), other causes include isoimmunization (10%), cephalhematoma (7%), hypothyroidism (7%), sepsis (4%) and ABO incompatibility (3%). Etiology of persistent jaundice was not significantly different in term and preterm babies.Conclusions: Although breast milk jaundice is considered as a major cause of prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates, identification of other etiological factors, such as UTI, congenital hypothyroidism and hemolysis is also of paramount importance. Early diagnosis and treatment of these disorder could effectively prevent further complication in neonates.
To assess the impact of various modes of postnatal breastfeeding education in promoting breastfeeding practices
Authors: Periasami Venkatesh , Muthu Vinodh , Sakkarai Ezhil Vaanija , Ayyavoo Aravind Malayappan , Jayachandan Ganesh
Published: April 2017

Background: Breast milk is the best nutrient a mother can provide her baby. WHO recommends exclusively breastfeeding up to 6 months of life.The objective of the study was to study the impact of postnatal breastfeeding education in promoting breastfeeding practices and to identify the effective mode of education.Methods: This is a RCT study conducted in Government RSRM lying-in hospital between Dec 2015 and May 2016.300 women who delivered live, term, healthy, AGA babies were divided randomly in to 3 study groups. Participants in group A were counselled about breastfeeding orally. Those in group B received written information and oral counselling. Group C members were shown an educational video apart from oral and written information. They were assessed on 15th day, 45th day, 3.5 months and 6 months using a simple questionnaire.Results: Analysis showed that during the 1st visit, there was no statistical difference between groups. However, during the last visit there was significant statistical difference between groups with a p value of 0.004.Conclusions: Audio-visual aid helps in better breastfeeding practices. Literacy status has no role in promoting breastfeeding practices.
Effect of gender and gestational age on short term morbidities and mortality in extremely low birth neonates
Authors: Stuti Gagrani Stuti Gagrani , Mehrotra Gunjan , Mulye Swati , Shrivastav Aniket
Published: April 2017

Background: The Aim of this study was to see the effect of gender and gestational age on early morbidities and mortalities of extremely low birth weight neonates.Methods: It was cross section retrospective. This retrospective study over a period of 5 years from June 2009 to May 2014 in a tertiary level teaching hospital. All the ELBW neonates admitted during the study period were recruited. Moving in a retrospective manner we collected previous case records relevant to our study from the institute and then categorized our data on the basis of gestational age and gender, then we compared and analysed our data on the basis of incidence of mortalities and morbidities and the effect of gender and gestational age on it.Results: Out of 115 ELBW neonates 61(53%) were born at ≤ 28 weeks, 26 (22%) were born between 29 to 31 weeks and 28(24%) babies were born at 32 to 37 weeks. The most common maternal risk factors responsible for ELBW deliveries were Pregnancy induced hypertension 27 (23%) followed by premature rupture of membranes 20 (17%). Out of short term outcomes HMD (66%), Apnea (71%), hyperbilirubinemia (53%) and sepsis (54.7%) were most common comorbidities. There was no effect of gender on any short-term morbidity and mortality of ELBW newborns. There was a significant higher incidence of hyaline membrane disease, hypoglycemia and neonatal sepsis in ELBW neonates born before 28 weeks of gestational age as compared to born after 28 weeks. 50% of the neonates survived below 28 weeks of gestation.Conclusions: Our study shows the high incidence of short-term neonatal morbidities. ELBW neonates born before 28 weeks of gestation had higher morbidity.
Effectiveness of supplementary suckling technique in underweight infants
Authors: Mande Radnyi U. , Jadhav Alka R. , Karnik Prachi S. , T. Lakshmi , Sawant Vishal
Published: April 2017

Background: The period from birth to 6 months is part of a larger critical ‘window of opportunity’ within which the impact of undernutrition has both immediate and long term adverse consequences. Protocols for older children are often extended to this age group owing to the absence of evidence-based treatment protocols. The following study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of supplementary suckling technique and lactation counselling over counselling alone in management of malnourished infants in the age group of 1- 6 months.Methods: After IRB clearance, all underweight infants with weight for age <-2SD by WHO charts were enrolled in the study. Once identified as lactation failure, the infants were randomly allocated into two groups using SAS 9.2 package. Both, cases and controls were counselled regarding breast feeding practices as per WHO module. Cases were additionally started on supplementary feeds by Supplementary Suckling Technique (SST) for the 1st week. Weight gain was monitored at enrolment, on day 7 and day 14. Weight gain >20gm/day in the 2nd week was considered successful re-lactation. Data was analysed using student unpaired t test and chi square test.Results: Mean weight gain per day in 1st and 2nd week in the cases was significantly higher than that in the controls (p= <0.001). In 2nd week, maximum weight gain i.e. 20-30 g/day was found in 93.3% cases as against 13.3% controls (p=0.01) depicting successful re-lactation.Conclusions: Lactation counselling along with supplementary suckling technique should be the standard of care in management of malnourished infants.
Clinical and laboratory profile and outcome of dengue cases among children attending a tertiary care hospital of South India
Authors: Nagaram Punith Patak , Piduru Prathima , Munagala Venkata Krishna , Matli Vishnu Vandana
Published: April 2017

Background: Dengue fever is an arboviral disease which is endemic in tropical countries and is of major concern with its morbidity and mortality. WHO classified dengue into three categories: undifferentiated fever, dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Severe dengue is also regularly observed during primary infection of infants born to dengue-immune mothers. The objective of present study was to assess the clinical profile, laboratory profile and associated risk factors related to outcome of children less than 15 years of age. The outcome of the children and their management protocols were also assessed in the study.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study with 174 confirmed cases of dengue in children <15 years were enrolled and classified as per WHO guidelines. The demographic data, clinical history, laboratory parameters were noted in a separate questionnaire form. Hematological parameters were noted, chest x-ray, ultra-sonogram in required cases was done and observations noted. Cases were managed as per WHO protocol and risk factors were observed. The outcomes of the cases were noted as discharge or death of the case.Results: A total of 174 children with 149 non-severe dengue and 25 severe dengue cases with 95 males and 79 females were enrolled in the study. 6-10 years was the most common age group. The mean age of children admitted with severe dengue fever was 5.81yrs.and without severe dengue fever was 7yrs.The mean duration of hospitalization was 5.21 days in severe dengue and 3.4 days in non-severe dengue cases. Fever was the most common presenting symptom and hepatomegaly was the common clinical finding in the study.  Bleeding manifestations were seen in cases of severe dengue with raised haematocrit levels, raised SGOT levels and severe thrombocytopenia. Pleural effusion and gall bladder wall thickening with ascites was seen in severe dengue cases. Management was by administration of colloids and crystalloids.Conclusions: Dengue is a dreadful fever among pediatric age group which needs to be considered with great caution in management.  Understanding the risk factors helps in predicting the mortality which helps in management and better outcome of the fever.
Joubert syndrome related disorder (JSRD): a case report and review of literature
Authors: Sharma Seema , Sharma Ajay , Sharma Vipin , Guleria Sandesh
Published: April 2017

Joubert syndrome and related disorder (JSRD) is a rare disorder of midline structure of brain having characteristic clinical and neuro-radiological findings. The hallmark of diagnosis is molar tooth sign (MTS). Early accurate diagnosis can help in planning early intervention measures to reduce the morbidity. We are hereby presenting a case of eight months old female infant with abnormal eye movements since birth along with developmental delay. Clinical and radiological evidence proved that child is having Joubert syndrome related disorder.
Assessment of air quality in bus terminal stations in Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Salama Khaled F. , Alhajri Rashed F. , Al-Anazi Abdulrahman A.
Published: April 2017

Background: Bus terminal represent a significant air pollution problem. The use of diesel engines by public transport vehicles results in several air pollutants inside the bus termini. The major source of poor air quality includes industrial activities and traffic pollution that might have great deterioration impact upon the public health and surrounding environment. The main pollutant resulting from bus exhaust emissions are, by mass, carbon dioxide (CO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and BETEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and the three isomers of xylene). Bus fleets represent a significant part of inner city traffic. The present study aimed to assess air quality of bus terminal stations in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was conducted at different bus terminal stations in Eastern Province. The location was chosen randomly. Air quality monitors were used for analyzing VOCs, CO, CO2, NO2, SO2 and O3 concentrations. BETEX and PM fractions were measured by applying infrared spectroscopy techniques and dust collection calibrated devices respectively. Results: Data of indoor and outdoor air pollution revealed that levels of NO2, SO2, CO, VOCs, PM10, PM4, PM2.5 and PM1.0 are higher than the permissible exposure limits and Saudi air quality guidelines in bus stations terminal in Dammam, Alhassa and Hafr Albatin bus stations garage, parking and waiting area in morning and noon time respectively. Conclusions: Ambient concentrations of gaseous and particulate air pollutants are above international guidelines at the different bus terminal sites in eastern provinces and these represent environmental and health risk for public and surrounding environment.
Quality of life in gynaecologic cancer subjects attending a tertiary care centre
Authors: Nanjaiah Ranjini , V. Roopadevi , Khan Mudassir A.
Published: April 2017

Background: As newer treatment modalities improve survival; quality of life issues takes on increasing importance for survivors. An adequate knowledge is required for psychosocial interventions and designing programs aimed at improving the quality of life of the cancer patients. The purpose of the study is to assess quality of life among gynaecological cancer subjects and its association with duration since diagnosis, type of cancer, mode of treatment and socio-demographic variables.Methods: This is an interview based cross sectional study involving 131 patients diagnosed to have gynaecological cancer who were evaluated using WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire. The gynaecological and socio-demographic data was analysed for any significant difference in QOL scores using one-way ANOVA.Results: Social domain scored high with median score 50 ± 22.82. Environmental domain scored least with median score 28 ± 24.91. Based on domain scores it was found that only 2.3% subjects had better quality of life. Physical (55.7 ± 7.43) and psychological (57.95 ± 22.85) domain mean score was statistically significantly higher among subjects with cancer for more than 12 months. Subjects who had radiotherapy and chemotherapy scored least (44.52 ± 9.8) and subjects who had surgery and chemotherapy scored highest (59.43 ± 8.8) in physical domain.Conclusions: As cancer incidence is increasing and post treatment survival is improving among cancer patients, two factors are gaining importance. One is early detection and prevention of cancer and the other is improving quality of life of survivors. In clinical practice the QOL instruments may be used with other forms of assessment, giving valuable information that can indicate areas in which a person is most affected and help the practitioner in making the best choices in patient care.
A study on notifiable diseases reported in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Asaithambi Anupriya , Alagappan Uma , Ragavendran Susethira , Ganesan Vazhavandal , . Saraswathi , . Lalithambigai , Edwin Diego
Published: April 2017

Background: This study was undertaken to analyse the various diseases reported in a teritary care hospital. To find out the most common disease notified. Methods: This is hospital record based retrospective study. The data was collected from notifiable disease register maintained in the Department of Microbiology and also from medical records section of this hospital from August 2013 to December 2016. Results: The total number of cases reported was 1613. Of the 22 diseases listed by the government only seven were more common. Tuberculosis ranks the top followed by HIV-AIDS, malaria, dengue respectively. The disease group commonly affected is 13-59 years (61.5%) with male (63.5%) predominance. Conclusions: To prevent the spread of epidemic, the health care personnel must be adequately trained to identify the disease and notify the higher authorities.
Prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in an urbanized village of East Delhi
Authors: H. Raghavendra A. , Singh Monika , Chabra Pragti , Sharma Arun Kumar
Published: April 2017

Background: Hypertension is the major public health problem both in developing and developed nations. There is disparity in prevalence of hypertension in rural and urban areas. Data is available on the prevalence of hypertension in both urban and rural areas but studies on migratory population are limited. Methods: A community based cross sectional study conducted in urbanized village of east Delhi.  WHO STEPS questionnaire was used collect the data. Total of 451 persons were interviewed by stratified random sampling method.  Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 16.4%, high age group, high income, body mass index more than 23 and duration of stay in urban area were significantly associated with prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions: Older age group, higher BMI and longer duration of stay in urban area have significant associations with the higher prevalence of hypertension.
Study on risk factors of road traffic accident victims attending a tertiary care hospital at Tirupati
Authors: P. Shakeer Kahn , N. Bayapa Reddy , K. Ashok Kumar Reddy , G. Ravi Prabhu
Published: April 2017

Background: Road traffic accidents stand as one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity across the globe. Increase in the number of motor vehicles, poor enforcement of traffic safety regulations, inadequacy of health infrastructure, and poor transport facilities makes the situation still worse. The objective of the study is to know the role of victims and various risk factors related to RTA. To determine the association of risk factors with type of injury and to know the pre-existing medical disorders in RTA victims.Methods: A hospital based, cross sectional study with victims of road traffic accidents admitted in S.V.R.R. Government General Hospital, Tirupati, as study subjects was done during June 2013 to May 2014 for one year where 820 victims of road traffic accidents were interviewed after taking prior consent using a predesigned questionnaire.Results: Most of the victims were drivers (48.5%) followed by passengers (31.7%) and pedestrian (19.8%). No two wheeler driver was wearing helmet. 74% of the four wheeler occupants were not using seat belts. Among drivers and pedestrians, 29.2% were under the influence of alcohol and 12.7% were listening to music. 55.8% of the passengers felt that their vehicle was going with over speed. 17.1% & 11.0% of the participants had history of hypertension and diabetes.Conclusions: There is a need to develop integrated surveillance system to identify the road traffic injury burden and the causal/risk factors. Enforcement of stringent road traffic laws to bring down the burden of road traffic accidents.
Study of overweight and obesity and its risk factors among adults in an adopted urban slum area of Government Medical College, Miraj
Authors: Sharma Sachin K. , Sangrulkar Tejaswini V. , Brahmankar Tanuja R. , G.R. Vishwanath
Published: April 2017

Background: Obesity and overweight are creating a global epidemic. In 2008, more than 1.4 billion adults were overweight worldwide. Rapidly changing diets & lifestyles are fueling the global epidemic. Once being considered as a problem related to affluence, obesity is now growing fast in many developing countries. The burden of slum population & magnitude of their health problems are on the rise. Thus, the present study was planned to determine the prevalence of overweight & obesity and its risk factors in the urban slum area. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among adults aged 20 – 60 years. Persons willing to participate and who were residing more than 6 months in the study area were included. The sample of 320 was calculated with absolute error of 5%. Duration of study was from Feb 2014 to Dec 2014. Pretested Predesigned Proforma was constructed and Systematic random sampling method was used for data collection. Results: In this study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.7% and 16.6% respectively. The study shows significant association between age, gender, occupation, family history of obesity, intake of calories and physical activity with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity was more in females. Obesity can occur at any age and generally increases with age. The prevalence was more in adults who had family history of obesity. Low levels of physical activity are associated with higher prevalence. Thus, participation in household activities and regular physical exercise could help in lowering the prevalence.
Assessment of clinical and functional outcomes following uncemented total hip arthroplasty in failed primary hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Patil Pavankumar H. , Pamarathi Srinivas
Published: April 2017

Background: Modern hip replacement has resulted in huge benefit for patients with arthritic hip disease, providing them with reduction of pain, return of function and consequently an improved quality of life. Evaluation of long term outcomes of an operative procedure is important to determine the durability of the procedures like uncemented total revision hip arthroplasty. In the present study, clinical and functional outcome and complications of uncemented total hip arthroplasty in failed primary hemiarthroplasty was assessed.

Methods: Patients with failed primary hemiarthroplasty with Unipolar or Bipolar prosthesis (cemented and uncemented) due to aseptic loosening, protrusio causing groin pain, dislocation, breakage of implant leading to loss of function, periprosthetic fracture and acetabular osteolysis were included. During each visit, medical history was taken and physical examination was done. Range of movements (ROM) was recorded. The clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated by Harris Hip Score evaluation. Statistical analysis: Student’s paired t-test was used to find out the significance of difference between pre-operative and post-operative Harris Hip scores.

Results: In 7 cases modular series was used for uncemented total hip arthroplasty, of which calcar replacement was done in 4 cases, and in one case constrained liner was placed. The maximum stem size used was 15mm and the minimum stem size 11mm. Stem size 11 was most frequently used. About 30% of the cases presented with pain postoperatively till the last follow-up, of which two cases reported mild pain with no effect on average activities and one case reported with moderate pain with some limitation of ordinary activity or work. The difference between the average pre-operative Harris Hip Score post-operative score was found to be highly significant (p=0.0001).

Conclusions: This study has shown excellent results following the uncemented modular total hip arthroplasty in failed primary hemiarthroplasty in terms of pain relief, increased walking distance, and functional capabilities of the patients.
Intra articular distal radius fractures and volar plate fixation: a prospective study
Authors: Kundu Atin Kumar , Wale Nitin , Phuljhele Satyendra , Ghritlahre Deepak , Gurudatta Harjot Singh
Published: April 2017

Background: Despite being one of the most common fractures encountered in patients, intra-articular distal radius fractures still pose therapeutic challenge to Orthopaedic surgeons. With the advent of locking plates, the fixation of these fractures has been made better, specifically by fixed angle volar locking plate. This study investigates the efficacy of these plates using volar approach, functional and clinical outcome, in addition to the radiological alignment.

Methods: Thirty patients with closed distal radius fractures, with AO TYPE B3, B4, AND C fracture pattern, operated with distal radius plate fixation using volar approach, were included in the study during the period of August 2014 to August 2016. With a minimum follow up of six months, radiological outcome was analysed and functional outcome recorded (Gartland and Werley’s demerit scoring system).

Results: With a mean age of 42 years and follow up of six months, the range of movement of the wrist was very satisfactory, and the mean grip strength was 80% of the opposite wrist. Radiological parameters were well‑maintained, and functional parameters by Gartland and Werley showed a significant improvement in most of the patients during the follow‑up period. The complication rate was less and insignificant.

Conclusions: Primary volar plate fixation of intraarticular distal radius fracture provides a stable construct that helps in early mobilization, thereby better functional outcomes and minimizes chances of delayed/malunion.
A prospective study on operative management of displaced fracture of midshaft of clavicle
Authors: Hathiwale Mohammed Ismail , Sasnur Prakash A. , Islam Tapadar Md. Johorul
Published: April 2017

Background: Clavicle fractures had been traditionally treated non-operatively which resulted in high rates of non-union. The present study has been undertaken to study the role of precontoured locking compression plate in the fixation of mid-third clavicle fractures.

Methods: We reviewed the results of 25 cases of displaced middle third clavicle fractures (Robinson type 2B) which were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with pre-contoured locking compression plate at Al-Ameen Medical College and Hospital.

Results: Out of 25 patients operated with precontoured LCP, 21 were male and 4 were female patients. One patient had hypertrophic scar, one patient had plate prominence, two patients had delayed union and one patient had implant failure, none of them developed non-union. Constant Murley score was excellent in 19, good in 4 and fair in 1 patient and poor in 1 patient.

Conclusions: Precontoured locking compression plate fixation has better functional outcome, immediate pain relief, early return to function and avoids complications of conservative methods.
Stabilisation of diaphyseal fractures of both bones forearm with limited contact dynamic compression or locked compression plate: comparison of clinical outcomes
Authors: Gill S. P. S. , Mittal Ankit , Raj Manish , Singh Pulkesh , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Dinesh
Published: April 2017

Background: The inception of Locking Compression Plate (LCP) has revolutionized fracture management. With their dramatic success for articular fractures, there is a speculation that they might be more appropriate for diaphyseal fractures as well.

Methods: In this randomized prospective cohort study, 56 patients with diaphyseal fractures involving both bones of forearm were segregated into two groups based on internal fixation with Limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP)(n=28) or with Locking compression plate (LCP)(n=26). Clinical and radiological parameters were studied and functional evaluation was done with Disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score.

Results: Andersons’ criteria was employed to categorize the functional results. The mean duration of surgery and time to union were discovered to be less in favor of LCP group although statistically insignificant. No significant differences in two groups with respect to the functional evaluation (range of movement, Andersons’ criteria and DASH score) and complications could be discerned. No incidence of refracture or synostosis was encountered in any of the group.

Conclusions: Although LCP is an effective treatment alternative and may have a subtle edge over LC-DCP in the management of these fractures, their supremacy could not be certified. We deduce that surgical planning and expertise rather than the choice of implant are more pivotal for outstanding results.
Tubercular dactylitis in a 65 year old female: a rare case report
Authors: Kushwaha Sudhir Shyam , Maurya Garima , Shantanu Kumar , Kumar Deepak
Published: April 2017

Tubercular dactylitis is defined as tubercular infection of the metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges. It is a rare form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Bones of the hand are more commonly affected than the bones of the feet. Tubercular dactylitis is common in children and children below 6 year of age accounts for 85% of cases. The diagnosis is usually by a combination of clinical suspicion coupled with radiological investigation and confirmation by biopsy. We hereby present a case report of tubercular dactylitis in a 65 year old female which was treated by antitubercular therapy.
Clinical profile of a case of lumbar sacralisation- a naturopathy and physiotherapy management: case report
Authors: N. Vijayaraghavan , P. Niveditha , Priya Mohana , K. R. Renya
Published: April 2017

Lumbar sacralisation is a congenital anamoly, in which the transverse process of the last lumbar vertebrae (L5) fuses to the sacrum on one side (or) both (or) to ilium (or) both. They occur during the period of growth, grow away from spinal column and rarely responsible for mechanical symptoms and varies postural defect. This paper reports a rare presentation of deeper radiological structures of spine with mechanical instability, postural defect, mild to moderate pain in back and radiating towards left leg. Patient was 23 years old female and misdiagnosed as mechanical back pain and disc prolapsed. We assessed her clinically and radiologically and diagnosis was established based on X-rays and MRI of Spine. She was treated with integrated approach [naturopathy& physiotherapy] and patients recover uneventfully.
As multiplas facetas da sociedade de consumo e o papel da igreja frente à desigualdade social
Authors: Kolling Fábio
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo destacar as principais compreensões sobre a sociedade de consumo e evidenciar o papel da Igreja enquanto povo de Deus frente os problemas que tal sociedade acarreta para população menos favorecida, os pobres. A fim de desenvolvermos esse tema realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica.  Dentre as primeiras conclusões, está a de que a sociedade de consumo com suas múltiplas facetas acaba tornando as pessoas cada vez mais individualistas e despreocupadas com o bem estar do próximo e da nossa casa comum. Embora muita coisa já tenha sido feita para transformar a nossa realidade, ainda precisamos refletir e caminhar bastante.
A fronteira final: Guerra Fria e movimentos pacifistas refletidos em Jornada nas Estrelas
Authors: Pereira Yuan Veiga
Published: April 2017

Ao analisar a série original de Jornada nas Estrelas, buscamos notar quão representativa foi para a sociedade ao fim da década de 60. Usando como métodos de pesquisa estudos sobre representações de mundo, sensibilidades e o uso de imagens, a análise se apresenta como de cunho histórico e social. O recorte do estudo foca-se na questão de guerra e paz, no contexto histórico da guerra fria e movimentos ativistas pelos direitos humanos.
Juventude, movimentos sociais e redes digitais de protesto em época de crise
Authors: Simões José Alberto , Campos Ricardo
Published: April 2017

Temos assistido, nos últimos anos, em diversos contextos, ao aparecimento de novas formas de contestação que envolvem a utilização de mídias digitais como recursos para a mobilização cívica. Partindo dos resultados de um projeto de pesquisa qualitativa sobre participação da juventude na esfera pública em Portugal, com especial ênfase na utilização de tecnologias e mídias digitais, o presente artigo pretende dar resposta a um conjunto de questões. Que papel têm os meios digitais nos repertórios de ação dos atores coletivos presentes no recente ciclo de protestos? Qual o papel das chamadas redes sociais e de outras ferramentas digitais nesses protestos? Como são utilizadas por determinados coletivos ativistas e que representações suscita o seu uso em diferentes circunstâncias do “trabalho ativista”?
Envelhecimento, idadismo e a invisibilidade dos idosos na mídia: entrevista com Laura Hurd Clarke
Authors: Collier de Mendonça Maria , Castro Gisela
Published: April 2017

Doutora em Sociologia da Universidade de British Columbia, Laura Hurd Clark pesquisa as experiências de homens e mulheres durante o processo de envelhecimento. Autora de Facing Age: women growing older in an anti-ageing culture e artigos em periódicos de gerontologia social, sociologia do envelhecimento, estudos femininos e outros campos.Esta entrevista foi conduzida em Vancouver, como parte das atividades GRUSCCO (Grupo CNPq de Pesquisa em Subjetividade, Comunicação e Consumo), liderado pela Profa. Dra. Gisela Castro no PPGCOM ESPM, São Paulo.Palestrante convidada do Simpósio Internacional Comunicação, Consumo e Modos de Envelhecimento, evento que compõe a programação do COMUNICON, a Dra. Clark estará em São Paulo em outubro de 2016.
Las principales celebrities en Twitter: análisis de su comunicación e influencia en la red social
Authors: Muñoz Cristóbal Fernandez , García-Guardia Maria Luisa
Published: April 2017

El cambio de paradigma en la capacidad de comunicar que han hecho posible los medios digitales produce una transformación en la forma en que las estrellas del deporte, el cine o la música se relacionan con sus audiencias en cuestión de segundos. ¿Cómo se comunican realmente estas personalidades con sus seguidores en Internet, usando como medio la tecnología de las redes sociales y en concreto la plataforma Twitter? Este estudio seleccionó a las personas que tenían en 2015 el mayor número de seguidores en redes sociales a nivel mundial. Las formas de comunicación de cada una de las personalidades tienen aspectos diferentes y complementarios. Se analizó la temática y el tipo de contenido empleado: texto, imagen, y/o vídeo, utilizado con mayor frecuencia, así como el grado de diálogo alcanzado con los seguidores.
Do Belo: a estética augustiniana vista à luz das Enéadas
Authors: Araújo Francisco Ferreira Ana Rita De Almeida
Published: April 2017

Este artigo aborda ainfluência e a relevância que Plotino teve na estética augustiniana. Na primeira parte, examinamos de que modo esse legado é descrito pelo Bispo de Hipona nas suas obras e afloramos o debate sobre a identificação dos platonicorum libri que Santo Agostinho afirma ter lido. Após uma introdução sumária à estética de Plotino, com base nas Enéadas I, 6 [1] e V, 8 [31], descrevemos, na última parte do artigo, as diferenças fundamentais e as semelhanças mais significativas entre o pensamento estético do filósofo egípcio e o do padre africano. Apesar de ser possível encontrar passagens ambivalentes nas obras de ambos os autores, Santo Agostinho faz uma avaliação mais positiva da beleza criada e tem uma atitude mais complacente em relação ao corpo e ao seu papel na beleza concertada do universo.
História e Arte Retórica em Santo Agostinho
Authors: Eyler Flávia Maria Schlee , De Souza Suele Maria Mariano
Published: April 2017

Este artigo pretende analisar as relações entre linguagem e mundo a partir das condições históricas que determinaram o surgimento da palavra política no mundo grego e seu controle através da sistematização da arte retórica por Aristóteles. Neste caso, a sobrevivência e a utilização do mesmo modelo retórico pelos romanos foram capazes de servir também ao nascente cristianismo e fundamentar sua teologia. Apesar de todas as críticas à tradição antiga, os padres da Igreja e, sobretudo, Santo Agostinho neste trabalho, evidenciam a importância da retórica como instrumento de organização e compreensão do mundo.
MONGELLI, Lênia Márcia (Org.). Fremosos Cantares. Antologia da Lírica Medieval Galego-Portuguesa. São Paulo: Editora WMF Martins Fontes, 2009, 522p.
Authors: Fernandes Geraldo Augusto
Published: April 2017

Resenha
Dispositifs numériques en éducation: discours d’enseignants et d’étudiants français et brésiliens
Authors: Annocque François , Lemoine Véronique , Lago Ana Cristina Castro do
Published: April 2017

Cet article vise à rendre compte de plusieurs formes de discours d’étudiants et d’enseignants engagés dans des dispositifs numériques de formation, à partir d’une analyse comparée des méthodologies mobilisées dans trois recherches situées dans des contextes géographiques différents (études française, franco-allemande et brésilienne). À partir des appareillages méthodologiques propres à chaque recherche (entretiens réalisés avec des enseignants, questionnaire en ligne adressé des étudiants, traces de l’activité étudiante sur un forum) et des cadres conceptuels singuliers empruntant aux didactiques, à la didactique professionnelle, à la pédagogie et aux théories de l’énonciation, nous donnons à voir des discours qui témoignent, d’une part, de l’évolution de la professionnalisation des enseignants ou futurs enseignants et du métier de formateur devenu un concepteur de parcours; et, d’autre part, des rapports dialectiques entre pratiques instrumentées numériques et représentations des contenus d’enseignements/apprentissages chez des étudiants.
Reflexões sobre a função social do professor na universidade
Authors: Boveto Lais , Oliveira Terezinha
Published: April 2017

Neste artigo, abordamos questões consideradas cruciais para a formação docente, partindo de ideias e condutas naturalizadas na educação. O cotejo dos aspectos que fundamentam a função social do professor é estabelecido com base na história, especificamente na origem medieval da universidade. A finalidade principal é ressaltar a noção de que disciplina abrange o esforço e a responsabilidade, que são características essenciais para a formação, fazem parte do conjunto de conhecimentos que o professor necessita para sua atuação. Para tanto, seguiremos os princípios teórico-metodológicos da História Social, particularmente em relação ao conceito de fundamentum de Marc Bloch e de longa duração de Fernand Braudel. Desse modo, entendemos que um dos resultados da divisão (ou hierarquização) entre teoria e prática é a fragilidade do conhecimento, prejudicial à educação em todos os níveis, pois atuamos por meio do conhecimento que possuímos.
Adwokat - cooperator veritatis w procesie o orzeczenie nieważności małżeństwa
Authors: MIZIŃSKI ARTUR GRZEGORZ
Published: April 2017

Adwokat to osoba posiadająca odpowiednie kwalifikacje, spełniająca wymogi określone w kan. 1483 KPK/83, uznana przez kompetentną władzę, poproszona przez stronę procesową o osobistą pomoc, polegającą na obronie interesów klienta w procesie lub działaniu w sądzie. Zadanie adwokata w przepisach Kościoła łacińskiego zostało określone łacińskim terminem munus oraz officium o charakterze kościelnym. Adwokat zawsze działa z uwzględnieniem ducha i celów własnych kanonicznego porządku prawnego i dlatego, podobnie jak pozostałe podmioty procesu, zobowiązany jest do współpracy z sędzią w realizacji fundamentalnego celu postępowania kanonicznego, jakim jest poszukiwanie prawdy obiektywnej.Jedną z naczelnych zasad w procesie o stwierdzenie nieważności małżeństwa, zawartą w motu proprio „Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus”, przepisach kodeksowych oraz w Instrukcji Dignitas connubii jest zasada poszukiwania prawdy obiektywnej. Aby zrealizować tę zasadę, konieczna jest współpraca wszystkich uczestników procesu, a więc sędziego (biskupa diecezjalnego w procesie skróconym), stron, obrońcy węzła małżeńskiego, adwokata oraz rzecznika sprawiedliwości – jeśli bierze w nim udział.Szczególną rolę w tej współpracy pełni adwokat, który, jako osoba kompetentna i biegła w prawie, pomoże sędziemu w osiągnięciu pewności moralnej co do rozstrzygnięcia danej sprawy, przedstawiając mu usystematyzowane już fakty i dowody pozwalające na wydanie sprawiedliwego wyroku. Przez cały czas trwania sprawy, począwszy od pomocy stronie jeszcze przed procesem (zwykłym lub skróconym), poprzez wniesienie skargi powodowej, działania w trakcie samego procesu, a także już po ogłoszeniu wyroku, adwokat jest – nawet jeśli nie zawsze koniecznym – bardzo pomocnym gwarantem przysługującego wiernym prawa do obrony. W realizacji swojego zadania adwokat powinien działać przede wszystkim w interesie strony, której jest obrońcą, jednakże nigdy nie może stracić z pola widzenia prawdy, którą należy odkrywać w postępowaniu procesowym kierując się zawsze zasadą sprawiedliwości.
Uprawnienia fakultatywne sędziego w procedurze wymiaru kar kościelnych
Authors: MARCZYK SYLWIA
Published: April 2017

Zagadnienie dyskrecjonalnej władzy sędziego ściśle związane jest z teorią prawa oraz z posługiwaniem się nim w praktyce, aczkolwiek relacja ta nie jest zupełnie oczywista. Teoria prawa bowiem skupia się na normach prawnych, na ramach w jakich prawo ma i powinno oddziaływać, odnosi się do szeroko pojętych reguł, gdyż norma prawna stanowi, nakazuje konkretny model zachowania jaki wywołać ma norma prawna. Z drugiej zaś strony mamy do czynienia ze stwierdzeniami zawartymi w owych normach, które wskazują na możność sędziego w dokonaniu konkretnej czynności, w szczególności zastosowania dyspozycji normy prawnej.Ustawodawca w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. w kilku przypadkach daje wyraz dyskrecjonalnej władzy sędziego. Uznać należy, że władza ta jest sferą działania w której organ może działać, rozstrzygać według swojego przekonania w granicach tzw. swobodnego uznania.W większości przypadków swoboda przy wymierzaniu kar jest uregulowana ustawowo, aczkolwiek prawodawca daje też margines władzy sędziego i pozostawia mu całkowitą swobodę przy wymierzaniu, zaostrzeniu jak i zaniechaniu nakładania sankcji karnych. W każdym z tych przypadków sędzia musi zachować się zgodnie ze swoim sumieniem i roztropnością, brać pod uwagę zasadę słuszności, ale także okoliczności wewnętrzne. Ustawodawca kodeksowy poprzez nadanie tak dużej autonomii w działaniu osobie sędziego ukazuje jego istotną rolę i sytuuje go bardzo wysoko w hierarchii podmiotów władzy.Wyrok wydawany przez sędziego jest złożonym procesem myślowym. Składa się na niego podporządkowanie stanu faktycznego pod obowiązujące przepisy prawa, ewentualnie na wydaniu wyroku w granicach prawa w ramach przysługujących sędziemu uprawnień dyskrecjonalnych.W niniejszym artykule przedstawione zostaną instytucje, które przyznają sędziemu uprawnienia do zastosowania jego dyskrecjonalnej władzy, takie jak: nadzwyczajne złagodzenie i obostrzenie kary, sędziowskie prawo łaski, warunkowe zawieszenie wykonania kary, zaniechanie wymiaru kary oraz odłożenie wymiaru kary. Artykuł porusza również zagadnienie sposobu wymierzenia kary w przypadku zbiegu przestępstw.Podsumowując należy dojść do wniosku, iż prawodawca kodeksowy nadając szereg uprawnień osobie sędziego obdarza go niezwykłym stopniem zaufania w zakresie podejmowanych przez niego działań. Możliwości jakimi został obdarzony sędzia należy pojmować jako wyjście przez Kościół naprzeciw potrzebom Wspólnoty.
L’individuazione del superiore competente in ordine all’attuazione del can. 698 CIC/83
Authors: MICHOWICZ PRZEMYSŁAW
Published: April 2017

Głównym zamierzeniem niniejszego elaboratu było poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytanie o doktrynalne i praktyczne zastosowanie prawa zakonnika (ius cum supremo Mderatore comunicandi), względem którego właściwy przełożony rozpoczął postępowanie wydające. W celu właściwego określenia prawnego charakteru postępowania, autor odwołał się do narzędzi procesowych jak apelacja czy przejęcie przez władzę wyższą kompetencji instancji niższej (avocare), jak również przywołał normę ogólną wyrażoną przez kan. 139 KPK/1983. Przytoczone rozwiązania, w świetle rozważanej ustawy nie przyniosły jednak wystarczającej i pełnej odpowiedzi na postawiony problem. W zakończeniu autor proponuje, by najwyższy przełożony określił dekretem brak kompetencji przełożonego wyższego in loco, ustanawiając – jeśli to konieczne – inny podmiot do uzupełnienia dochodzenia.
Udzielanie Komunii Św. osobom rozwiedzionym? Analiza Adhortacji Amoris Laetitia papieża Franciszka
Authors: JANCZEWSKI ZBIGNIEW
Published: April 2017

Niniejsze opracowanie stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy osoby rozwiedzione, żyjące w nowych, niesakramentalnych związkach, całkowicie utraciły prawo do przyjęcia sakramentalnego Ciała Chrystusa, w świetle obowiązujących dokumentów Stolicy Apostolskiej, a szczególnie wydanej ostatnio adhortacji papieża Franciszka Amoris laetitia.Posynodalna adhortacja Amoris laetitia stanowi zwieńczenie i zarazem posumowanie wcześniejszych obrad Synodu Biskupów poświęconego małżeństwie i rodzinie. W obliczu skomplikowanej sytuacji rodzin poranionych, duszpasterze dla miłości i prawdy, mają obowiązek właściwego jej rozeznania. Stopień odpowiedzialności małżonków za rozpad ich małżeństwa nie jest równy w każdym przypadku i mogą wystąpić czynniki ograniczające zdolność podejmowania przez nich decyzji. Papież Franciszek zaznacza, że „nie można już mówić, że wszyscy, którzy znajdują się w sytuacji tak zwanej nieregularnej, żyją w stanie grzechu śmiertelnego, pozbawieni łaski uświęcającej”. Ponadto osoba znająca dobrze normę moralną może mieć duże trudności w zrozumieniu zawartych w niej wartości, albo też znaleźć się w określonych warunkach niepozwalających działać inaczej i podejmować inne decyzje bez zaciągania nowej winy. Tak więc mogą zaistnieć czynniki ograniczające zdolność podejmowania decyzji przez interesujące nas osoby. Skoro w takich przypadkach nie występuje przesłanka dobrowolności popełnianego grzechu konieczna, aby uznać go za ciężki, spowiednik, zgodnie z wielowiekową praktyką i nauczaniem doktrynalnym Kościoła, ma prawo, jak się wydaje, udzielić rozgrzeszenia, a przez to dopuścić do przyjęcia Eucharystii. Jednak przed rozgrzeszeniem proszący o sakrament powinni przejść dłuższy okres rozeznania swojej sytuacji duchowej pod kierownictwem swojego duszpasterza.
Nieskuteczność aktu administracyjnego (kan. 38 KPK)
Authors: DZIERŻON GINTER
Published: April 2017

W zaprezentowanym opracowaniu Autor dokonał szczegółowej interpretacji kan. 38 KPK. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, iż w kan. 38 KPK określono zasady dotyczące nieskuteczności poszczególnego aktu administracyjnego tylko z jednej perspektywy, jaką jest zawartość aktu. Przyjęte w tej regulacji rozwiązania pozostają w ścisłym związku z zasadą legalności. Według Autora, ustawodawca kościelny jest daleki od pozytywistycznego legalizmu. Stwarza on bowiem możliwość dołączenia klauzuli derogacyjnej odnoszącej się do konkretnego przypadku. Stoi on na stanowisku, że takie rozwiązania jest konieczne, gdyż ustawa nie może stać się jedynym punktem odniesienia w wykonywaniu władzy. Sytuacje bowiem mające miejsce w przypadku sprawowania władzy administracyjnej niejednokrotnie charakteryzują się szczególnością. Wprowadzenie zatem tego typu klauzul należy uznać za „normae singulares”.
Evaluation of B. cereus MTCC 25641 for the Treatment of Dairy Waste Effluent
Authors: Gawai Kunal , Mogha Kanchan , Prajapati Jashbhai
Published: April 2017

Dairy is one of the industries producing wastewater rich in organic matter and thus leading to creation of odorous and high COD containing effluent. Biotreatment leading to bioconversion of the waste materials is probably the most cost‐effective technique for managing and utilizing waste. A pilot‐scale aerobic treatment plant showing air pressure of 6 kg/cm3 was designed keeping all the conditions similar to the main aerobic plant of any dairy plant. The COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) of the control effluent i.e., without aeration, decreased from 588.5 mg/L on the first day to 147.75 mg/L on the seventh day while the effluent inoculated with B. cereus MTCC 25641 decreased the COD load from 588.5 mg/L on the first day to 38.75 mg/L on the seventh day, which shows that a pilot plant B. cereus MTCC 25641 showed excellent results as 50.68% COD and 44.07% BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) reduction, while pH increased from 6.7 to 8.54 along with 44.06% increase in TDS (Total Dissolved solids) was seen after 24h of aeration.