bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitostatic action of vinblastine sulphate on oral epithelia of hamsters
Authors: Thilagaratnam C. N. , Main J. H. P.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Vinblastine sulphate at doses of 1 mg. 2 mg and 4 mg/kg body weight were administered intraperitoneally to 30 golden hamsters that were sacrificed after 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours. The percentage of basal cells in each phase of mitosis was computed from epithelium of the cheek pouch, palate and tongue at the various time intervals. It was found that vinblastine at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight produced total metaphase block in these epithelia from 1 hour after administration for at least 8 hours. The drug did not affect the rate of entry of basal cells into mitosis.
Changes in cell cycle characteristics in hamster cheek pouch epithelium during treatment with DMBA
Authors: Thilagaratnam C. N. , Main J. H. P.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Cell cycle characteristics were studied in hamster cheek pouch epithelium under normal conditions, in hyperplasia induced by topical DMBA treatment for 5 weeks, in pre‐neoplastic epithelium after 12 weeks of DMBA, and in DMBA induced squamous cell carcinoma. Vinblastine sulphate was used to measure mitotic rate, and the other cell cycle parameters were obtained from tritiated thymidine autoradiography, using the pulse chase method. Te was found to be reduced from the normal value of 163.9 hours to 90.8 hours in hyperplastic epithelium, 22.7 hours in pre‐neoplastic epithelium and 15.4 hours in carcinoma. All phases of the cell cycle were reduced in duration progressively during the stages of carcinoma induction, but the great reduction in Te, was due chiefly to shortening of Tg1 by about 95 %.
Primate pulp response to an ultraviolet light cured restorative material
Authors: Stanley H. R. , Myers C. L. , Heyde J. B. , Chambfrlain J.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The present toxicity study investigated the pulpal response of an experimental u.v. light cured composite product as a Class V restorative material. Seventy‐eight Class V cavities were prepared on the buccofacial surfaces of cynomolgus monkeys using a high‐speed, air‐water spray cutting technique. The experimental product was compared to a self‐curing composite resin and a zinc oxide and eugenol formula. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 14 and 60 days.

All categories exhibited about the same minimal degree of pulpal response at the three‐day post‐operative interval. However, focal hemorrhage occurred in 80% of the u.v. light cured resin category. After 60 post‐operative days, the u.v. cured resin specimens presented persistent or increasing responses as compared to the specimens treated with either a self‐curing composite resin or zinc oxide and eugenol.

Should this u.v. light cured resin be used as a restorative material such as employed in this study, a calcium hydroxide liner is suggested in order to minimize the pulpal responses observed 60 days post‐operatively.
A histological study of tooth grafts in an inbred strain of mice
Authors: Atkinson M. E.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Male adult mice of the C57B1 strain were grafted subcutaneously with two maxillary molar teeth extracted from 10‐day‐old mice of the same strain. The grafts were removed at intervals of 2 to 50 days after transplantation and examined histologically. The cellular components of the grafts degenerated rapidly until by four days only a narrow strip of viable tissue remained at the cervix. Blood vessels entered the cervix at five days and spread throughout the pulp during the following week. At the same time, the pulp was repopulated. Cellular dentin was deposited at the cervix at five days, and condensations of cells were visible adjacent to these deposits. These cells differentiated into odontoblasts which gradually formed a continuous layer in the transplants and secreted varying amounts of secondary dentin. The derivatives of the dental papilla thus recovered their function after a time, whereas the enamel organ derivatives formed epithelial cysts around the crowns of the transplanted teeth. No root growth occurred in any of the grafts. It is thought that the initial loss of blood supply and subsequent establishment of vascular connections between host and graft influenced the pattern and type of degeneration and repair.
An autopsy case of leiomyosarcoma of the maxilla
Authors: Takagi Minoru , Ishikawa Goro
Published: April 2006

Abstract. An autopsy case of leiomyosarcoma originating in the maxilla is presented. Although repeated light microscopic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of fibrosarcoma, electron microscopic examination revealed myofilaments with dense patches in the spindle‐shaped cytoplasm of the tumor cells. It is suggested that “fibrosarcomas” of the oral cavity diagnosed by light microscopy could be leiomyosarcomas.
Peripheral giant cell granulomas: an ultrastructural study of three lesions
Authors: Soskolne W. A.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The ultrastructure of three peripheral giant cell granulomas has been described. The structure of multinucleated giant cells has been shown to be compatible with that of cells actively engaged in synthesis and secretion, while features of phagocytosis did not appear prominent. Some cells of the stroma resembled fibroblasts while others appeared phagocytic. The vast majority of stromal cells seemed to be undifferentiated. The structure of the dilated vascular channels, with which these lesions are so richly endowed, was shown to be compatible with the structure of lymphatic vessels.
Total body irradiation effects on the bone resorption mechanism in rats subjected to orthodontic movements
Authors: Praodi R. J. , Ubios A. M. , Mayo J. , Cabrini R. L.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The effect of total body irradiation on bone resorption is studied. Resorption is induced by applying an orthodontic device. A greater increase in bone resorption is observed in animals submitted to total body irradiation plus orthodontic force application, than in those submitted to orthodontic force alone. The increase in erosive areas began before an increase in the number of osteoclasts was noted. Irradiation resulted in an increased number of osteoclasts.
Experimental allergic sialoadenitis
Authors: Sela J. , Dishon T. , Rosenmann E. , Ulmansky M. , Boss J. H.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The parotid gland and knee joint of immunized rats were challenged with the sensitizing antigen. Sialoadenitis developed in over half of these rats after one and three challenges via the parotid duct. On the other hand, most glands were normal after five, seven and eight intraductal challenges in spite of the presence of precipitating antibodies in the scrum and hemagglutinating antibodies in the parotid saliva; in only a few animals did chronic destructive adenitis ensue. This contrasted with the incidence and severity of synovitis, which increased with the number of intra‐articular injections of antigen. The non‐reactivity of the gland is antigen specific in as much as acute adenitis resulted from intraductal instillation of a second antigen following multiple challenges with another one in rats sensitized with two antigens. The results evince a difference in the local reactivity between the salivary gland and synovial membrane.
Replacement of functional parenchymal cells by fat and connective tissue in human submandibular salivary glands: An age‐related change
Authors: Waterhouse J. V. , Chisholm D. M. , Winter R. B. , Patel M. , Yale R. S.
Published: April 2006

Abstract.The ratio of functional parenchymal (acinar and duct) cells to intracapsular fat and connective tissue in human submandibular salivary glands is seen microscopically to differ from subject to subject. In the present analysis of an apparently age‐related change, a modification of the random‐point counting method of Chalkley (1943) of determining the relative volumes of tissue constituents from histological sections was applied to the submandibular glands of a randomly chosen sample of 36 subjects (six from each decade of age from 25–84 years) from a series of 211 consecutive autopsies. Reproducibility tests of the method of measurement and also observations on a further group of 19 healthy control subjects who had died “sudden” deaths, were made. When the values for the volume, of functional mass of acinar and duct cells relative lo that of fat and connective tissue were analyzed in relation to age, a gradual significant reduction through adult life was found (regression coefficient b =–0.28, p < 0.01). Moreover, the values for a further group 5–14 years of age fell close to the extrapolated regression line of the groups aged from 25 to 84 years old. The trend for reduction may therefore begin in childhood. Analysis did not indicate that either fat or connective tissue alone predominated in the replacement of secretory cells. The values were not related to the adiposity of (he subject, and no trend for change with age was found in the fresh wet weights of 60 glands from subjects aged 25–74 years. The evidence indicates an average loss of a quarter of the relative secretory cell volume between childhood and old age, by which time the more extremely affected glands may have lost one half.
A comparative assay of the in‐vitro and in‐vivo behavior of three chemically induced neoplasms of rat submandibular glands
Authors: Brown Ashley M.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. A new method has been developed for the reproducible induction of rat salivary adenocarcinomas. Conventional means were used to induce fibrosarcoma and squamous cell carcinomas. The three tumors were compared for their ability to grow in tissue culture and syngeneic irradiated hosts. Based on the evidence of this system, squamous cell carcinoma appears to show the least biologic activity of the three tumors, a fact which may be tentatively explained by a predominance of keratinizing rather than replicating cells in this tumor.
Observations on the ultrastructure of the epithelium in oral lichen planus
Authors: Tyldesley W. R. , Appleton J.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Ultrastructural studies have been carried out on epithelium taken from seven cases of non‐erosive oral lichen planus. Structural abnormalities observed have been consistent with light microscopic findings but no cellular changes specific to lichen planus have been noted. In particular the intranuclear structures seen have been similar to those described in a number of other epithelial disorders. Discontinuities of the basement membrane have been observed, without thickening or duplication of the lamina densa. No evidence of a viral etiology for the condition has been detected.
The experimental production of odontogenic keratocysts
Authors: Baktlett P. F. , Radden B. G. , Reade P. C.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. In the course of transplantation studies using tooth germs from isologous mice, it was shown that as the tooth germs developed to form teeth, cysts also formed in the epithelium of the enamel organs. It was found that, these cysts were producing keratin. Cysts developed in association with all the developing tooth germs, and by 120 days post‐transplantation many of the cysts had completely enveloped the crowns of the developing teeth. It has been clearly demonstrated that in addition to enamel production, tooth germ epithelium is capable of cystic change and keratin formation. As many histological similarities exist between the experimentally induced keratin producing cysts and human odontogenic keratocysts, it is suggested that the development of the experimentally induced cysts from enamel organs actively involved in amelogenesis may be of direct significance to the etiology of human odontogenic keratocysts.
The acquired pellicle: Immunofluorescent demonstration of specific proteins
Authors: ØRstavik Dag , Kraus Frederick W.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Sterile polished slabs of bovine enamel, mounted in small acrylic cylinders, were held in the mouth for 2 hours. The acquired pellicles deposited on the enamel surfaces were examined in situ on the slabs or after transfer to microscope slides. Indirect immunofluorescent staining in situ afforded positive identification of IgA and lysozyme in pellicles. The preferred technique required acid separation of the pellicle from the enamel, transfer to a microscope slide, and fixation in cold ethanol. Histochemically, this pellicle appeared to he predominantly basic. Results of indirect immunofluorescent tracing indicated that IgA and lysozyme were regular constituents of the pellicle, amylase and IgG were less consistently detected, and albumin and fibrinogen were rarely encountered.
Metabolic pathways and control mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis and turnover of collagen in normal and pathological connective tissues
Authors: Nimni Marcel E.
Published: April 2006

Abstract.The biosynthesis of collagen molecules and their subsequent assembly into fibers involves a complex series of post‐ribosomal modifications which occur intracellularly and extracellularly. Some of these subtle alterations lead to the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular cross‐links, whereas others seem to dictate the 3‐dimensional organization of the collagen fibers. For their normal function, tissues require an optimum amount of collagen and proteoglycans. Such a balance coupled with specificity built into collagen seems to assure adequate function. Changes in the rates of synthesis, turnover or transcription of genetic information which affect the type of collagen deposited at a particular site may lead lo a stale of disease.

It is hoped that our current understanding of such mechanisms, coupled with our ability to inhibit or accelerate some of these processes, will allow us lo effectively control the metabolism of connective tissues.
Pulpal response to a new composite dental restorative material
Authors: Retief D. H. , Cleaton‐Jones P. E. , Austin J. C.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. A new composite restorative material, Enamelite, has recently been introduced for the conservative treatment of cervical erosion and hypoplastic enamel surfaces. The pulpal response elided by the restorative material was investigated in teeth of the vervet monkey and compared to a modified zinc oxide‐eugenol cement.

Buccal or labial Class V cavities were prepared in 128 teeth in six vervet monkeys. The teeth in contralateral segments were restored with the restorative and control materials, respectively. The experimental animals were killed at 4, 14 and 42 days.

The restorative and control materials exhibited about the same minimal degree of cellular displacement and inflammatory response at each of the three postoperative time intervals.

The percentage of specimens with reparative dentin increased progressively with time. At all three intervals the restorative material elicited a greater response than the control zinc oxide‐eugenol cement.

The results suggest that the clinical application of the restorative material on cervical eroded or hypoplastic enamel surfaces without a protective lining is a safe procedure.
Collagen metabolism in pericoronitis
Authors: Golub L. M. , Curran J. B. , Kennett S.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Collagen metabolism of the operculum overlying the crown of the mandibular third molar was studied in patients with and without pericoronitis. The tissues were classified as (J) overlying unerupted lower 3rd molars, (II) the operculum overlying partially erupted lower 3rd molars, (III) same as (II) except in patients having a positive past history of pericoronitis, and (IV) same as (II) except in patients exhibiting signs and symptoms of active infection. All classes of tissue were found to contain 81–82 % water. The total protein recovered in these tissues increased progressively from class I to class IV due to an effect on the acid‐soluble fraction. The total collagen levels, on the other hand, decreased. This decrease was similar for class II and III tissues, while the greatest loss of collagen was demonstrated in class IV tissues. All four classes of tissue contained essentially the same concentration of acid‐soluble collagen. The loss of collagen appeared to parallel an increased collagenolytic activity of these tissues in culture. Collagenolytic activity of class II and HI tissues was increased and class IV tissues exhibited the greatest increase. The overall changes in protein and collagen metabolism in these tissues due to partial tooth eruption and subsequent infection appeared similar to those observed by others in extra‐oral connective tissues subjected lo injury and inflammation. Changes in collagen metabolism could not be correlated with the reported increased susceptibility to pericoronitis of previously infected tissues. The only change observed in these tissues was a higher proportion of acid‐soluble protein.
Oxytalan fibers: Identification of the same fiber by light and electron microscopy
Authors: Sheetz James H. , Fullmer Harold M. , Narrates Annie J.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The same oxytalan fibers in periodontal membranes of rats were demonstrated by both light and electron microscopy. These observations confirm that structures previously identified as oxytalan fibers are, in fact, oxytalan fibers. The structure of oxytalan fibers as revealed by electron microscopy differs from elastic, collagen, and reticular fibers.
Electron microscopic studies of organ cultures of tooth germs infected with polyoma virus
Authors: Radden B. G. , Main J. H. P. , Ten Cate A. R.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Electron microscope studies were made of polyoma virus infected and uninfected organ cultures of tooth germs taken from 13‐ or 14‐day C3H mouse embryos. Cultures were examined at 18 days and at 38 or more days of in vitro age to include both morphologically transformed and untransformed odontogenic epithelium. Epithelial and mesenchymal cells were readily identified. Virus was seen in all infected cultures and in no controls. In nuclei the virus was found in both spherical and filamentous forms, while intracytoplasmic virus was only spherical in type. No virus was seen in nuclei of cells in mitosis. No difference was detected in the pattern of virus distribution between transformed and untransformed epithelial cells.
Proteins in fluid from non‐keratinizing jaw cysts.
Authors: Skauo Nils
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Fluid from 39 non‐keratinizing jaw cysts was examined for protein and nitrogen by chemical methods. Follicular cyst fluid showed significantly lower concentrations of protein than did autologous serum. No statistically significant differences were found between fluid from apical periodontal and residual cysts on the one hand and autologous serum on the other, or between the different types of cyst fluids. Three non‐odontogenic cyst fluids showed relatively lower quantities of protein than did most fluids from odontogenic cysts. Often cyst fluid exhibited higher ratios of nitrogen:total protein than did autologous serum. Scanning of cyst fluid cellulose acetate membrane electrophoretograms and the calculation of the protein content of the separated fractions revealed significantly higher amounts of γ‐globulins, but lower levels of albumin, α1 and α2‐globulins in cyst fluid than in autologous serum. The β‐globulin fraction approximated that of autologous serum. No statistically significant differences between electrophoretically separated protein fractions in fluid from apical periodontal, follicular and residual cysts could be established. A statistically significant negative correlation between γ‐globulins and other protein fractions in apical periodontal and in follicular cyst fluid was found. With the exception of the contents of the solitary bone cyst which may have been caused by diffusion of plasma proteins, the results indicate that fluid from non‐keratinizing jaw cysts was primarily an exudate, with subsequent admixture of nitrogenous substances other than proteins. Locally produced immuno‐globulins may contribute to the high γ‐globulin content of many cyst fluids.
Retention mucoceles of the oral mucosa
Authors: Southam J. C.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Some of the clinical and histological features of 12 retention and 224 extravasation mucoceles of minor oral salivary glands are compared. Retention mucoceles occurred in a much older age group than extravasation mucoceles, and were very uncommon in the lower lip which was by far the most frequent site for extravasation mucoceles. All the retention mucoceles were lined by eosinophilic, oncocyte‐like epithelium as either a double or a single layer of columnar, cuboidal or compressed flat cells. There is no evidence to support the generally accepted suggestion that retention mucoceles are due to duct blockage, and it is postulated that either they may arise as spontaneous cystic change in an oncocyte‐lined duct, or they represent a cystic type of papillary cystadenoma.
Ultrastructural aspects of chronic oral candidosis
Authors: Mohamed Abdel‐M. H.
Published: April 2006

Human biopsy specimens from white patches on the mucosae of tongue and lips which had previously given positive cultures for Candida albicans were examined. The specimens were processed for electron microscopy by conventional techniques.

The fine structure of the superficial layer of the epithelium revealed Candida albicans in extra‐ and intracellular sites. Penetration into the deeper layers was not observed. The fungus had a thick cell wall surrounded by an outer floccular layer. The cytoplasm of the superficial epithelial cells showed degenerative changes and fragmentation of tonofilaments in the immediate vicinity of the fungus. Microabscesses, formed by pools of neutrophils, were common in the upper spinous layer. In places, fungi and bacteria appear to have been phagocytosed by neutrophils and macrophages. The cells of the lower spinous and basal layers showed detachment of desmosomes, marked increase in intracellular glycogen, prominent lysosome‐like dense bodies and abundant mitochondria of differing shapes. At the epithelial‐connective tissue junction, fine filaments and collagen fibrils were intermingled throughout the basal lamina, forming multiple, highly electron‐dense layers. A noticeable change in the connective tissue was the accumulation of numerous mast cells containing differently shaped granules filled with scrolls and dense strands of granular material. The terminal blood vessel exhibited leakage and numerous, concentric duplications of the basal lamina.
A qualitative and quantitative electronmicroscopic study of the structure of the adenoid cystic carcinoma of human minor salivary glands
Authors: Chisholm Derrick M. , Waterhouse John P. , Kraucunas Eugenia , Sciubba James J.
Published: April 2006

Abstract.The fine structural characteristics of five adenoid cystic carcinomas of human minor salivary glands and a quantitative assessment of the relative volumes occupied by morphologically defined cell types in these tumors are reported. We observed that the cyst‐like spaces which give the characteristic cribriform pattern to the adenoid cystic carcinoma contain replicated basement membrane‐like material. Material comprising aggregates of fine tubules having a median diameter of 270 A, and rounded, electron dense bodies were noted within duct‐like lumena of one tumor. In addition, dilatation of the intercellular spaces and squamous metaplasia were noted. From 500 electronmicrographs obtained by standardized techniques and used for the morphological part of the study, 175 were selected by a random sampling method and analyzed by the stereological technique of point counting. This method demonstrated that duct type cells occupied 75 % by volume of the tumor in these glands; myoepithelial cells occupied 3 %, acinar cells occupied 2 %, and other tissues occupied 22 % of the tumors. These proportions differ significantly (P< 0.001) from our previously published figures for normal specimens of these glands.
An ultrastructural study of the effects of x‐irradiation on the oral epithelium of the rat: Qualitative aspects
Authors: Liu H. M. , Meyer J. , Waterhouse J. P.
Published: April 2006

Adult male rats of Simonsen strain were given a dose of 5000 r at 50 peak KV of x‐irradiation directed at the lower lip, which was everted through a hole in a lead rubber cylinder shielding the head and body of the animal. Light and electron microscopic observations were made on specimens of lip oral mucosa from animals killed at 2, 6, 26 and 50 h and at 12 days after irradiation. The experimental model met the aim of permitting the study of the sequential effects of a high dose of irradiation without causing ulceration of the mucosa.

Widespread degenerative changes were noted in the basal cells as early as 2 h after x‐irradiation, increasing in degree up to 50 h. They included inflation of the outer nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with loss of ribosomes, swelling of mitochondria and disarrangement of cristae evident at 2 h, followed at 6 h by swelling of nucleus and cytoplasm and 26 h by frank membrane breaks. Irreversible degrees of damage were noted in a small though growing minority of cells. Immediate mobilization of the Golgi‐lysosomal system was evident as an increase in size of the zone, maximal at 2 h, and subsequent autophagic activity. Signs of recovery, beginning at 26 h, were noted in nuclear envelope, RER, intercellular space, and in mitotic activity by 50 h. Virtually complete recovery was seen at 12 days.

It is held that the successful confinement of irradiation to a small tissue volume, the effective activity of the lysosomal system and the short epithelial turnover time were important factors in limiting the damage and in permitting recovery.
Experimentally induced cleft palates and prophylactic studies in Swiss mice
Authors: Metah Date , Reznik Gerd , Schilegel Dieter
Published: April 2006

In order to examine its prophylaetic eflect, Aetihaemyl® (Solcoseryl®) was administered to pregnant Swiss mice at various intervals before and after i. p. treatment with 30 mg/kg b. w. Endovan®: the optimal time for administration of the latter was found to be the 11.5.th day of pregnancy. A significant reduction (P≤0.01) of the rate of experimentally induced cleft malformations, as well as other types of abnormalities of the head area, was demonstrated in comparison to the control groups. These results were even more pronounced when the mother animals were treated in the following manner: 1/10 LD50 (19.7 ml kg b. w.) of Actihaemy® 1 day. 10 and 5 min before Endoxan, followed by similar closes 5, 10 min and 2 days afterwards. Three prophylactic groups, from a total of 20, demonstrated a significant (P≤0.01) reduction in the cleft palate rate. Three additional groups showed reductions of more than 60(illegible) of enophthalmuses and over 25 (illegible) of encephaloceles.
Tongue muscle regeneration
Authors: Yarom R. , Helino I. , Dorman A.
Published: April 2006

Rat's tongues were injured by cold and the reactive processes were observed by light and electron microscopy. Injured animals and untreated controls were injected with aurothiomalate and the cells in tongue muscles which contained gold were observed after increasing injection‐sacrifice time intervals.

In the very rapid regeneration, gold‐containing macrophage‐like cells fused with each other and with well preserved parts of myofibers. The selectivity of gold localization suggested, at least morphologically, a macrophage to myoblast development. The possible factors affecting the rate of muscle regeneration have been discussed with special reference to the nature of the injurious stimulus and the type of cellular response.
The carbonate and fluoride in surfaces of remineralized enamel
Authors: Feagin F. , Thiradilok S. , Aponte‐Merced L.
Published: April 2006

Analyses were made of samples of surface enamel collected before and after acid demineralization and after subsequent remineralization in solutions containing calcium and phosphate and various levels of bicarbonate and fluoride ions. Demineralization caused a preferential loss of carbonates. Remineralization was increased by both fluoride and bicarbonate ions. With no bicarbonate in the calcifying solution, 0.25 to 4.0 mM NaF increased mineral formation and thereby caused a relative reduction of its carbonate content. With 0.5 mM NaF (10 ppm F−) and 5, J5, and 25 mM HCO−3, in remineralizing solutions more carbonate was deposited than in the absence of NaF. Five and 15 mM HCO−3 increased, but 25 mM HCO−3 decreased, deposit of fluoride in enamel.
The relation of lipids to the mineral components in salivary calculi
Authors: Anneroth G. , Eneroth C‐M. , Isacsson G.
Published: April 2006

Using lipid histochemical and microradiographic methods, the distribution of lipids and the inorganic component in different areas of salivary calculi was investigated. Two main groups of lipids were found, i.e. hydrophilic phospholipids and hydrophobic lipids. The hydrophilic phospholipids were shown to be composed mainly of phosphosphingosides and of the hydrophobic lipids cholesterol was demonstrated.

Phosphosphingosides were localized in more or less lamellar zones as also in large homogeneous areas. In some cases the calculi were surrounded by a structureless non‐mineralized zone exhibiting a strongly positive reaction for phosphosphingosides. Cholesterol was found in isolated band‐formed areas. Phosphosphingosides and cholesterol were especially prevalent in areas showing a low or slight degree of mineralization.

In areas showing a high degree of mineralization the corresponding lipids gave a weak or absent histochemical reaction. After EDTA‐decalcification, however, an increase in the concentration of lipid was noticed in high mineralized areas, indicating a masking process.

The influence of various factors on the presence and distribution of different lipids was discussed.
Atrophic lesions of the tongue among diabetic outpatients: their incidence and regression
Authors: Farman Allan G.
Published: April 2006

A review of 121 diabetic outpatients over periods of 3 months to 1 year revealed that, while some cases of glossal central papillary atrophy persist, others regress. The incidence of new cases maintained the prevalence at a relatively constant level.
Arterial Blood Pressure in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Christensen E. , Holmstrup P. , Wiberg‐Jørgensen F. , Neumann‐Jensen B. , Pindborg J. J.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The arterial blood pressure of 121 patients with oral lichen planus was determined using the auscultatory method. These values were then compared with those previously found in a general adult population. No significant difference was found between the values of the lichen planus patients and those of the general population. The present investigation does not support the hypothesis of a relationship between lichen planus and hypertension.
Glucose Tolerance in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Christensen E. , Holmstrup P. , Wiberg‐Jørgensen F. , Neumann‐Jensen B. , Pindborg J. J.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Of 123 patients with oral lichen planus two were known diabetics. The remainder were tested for fasting glucosuria, 113 for fasting blood glucose and 103 also with an oral glucose tolerance test. According to the criteria of WHO, 18 of the 123 patients were diabetics. In most of these patients the oral glucose tolerance test was only slightly abnormal. No decrease of the glucose tolerance with increasing duration of lichen planus was demonstrable. Comparison with two general population studies did not reveal any significant difference between the glucose tolerance of the lichen planus patients and that of the general population samples.
The effects of length of surgery on healing of full and partial thickness flaps
Authors: Levin Marvin P. , Grower Marvin F. , Cutright Duane E. , Getter Lee
Published: April 2006

Partial and full thickness flaps which were made in the facial gingiva of 10 dogs were reflected for 15 or 90 min. Specimens were examined histologically and biochemically from 3 to 28 days after initial surgery, The results indicate that flaps reflected for 15 min exhibited faster epithelial closure than those reflected for 90 min. Partial thickness flaps reflected for both 15 and 90 min showed less inflammation than full thickness flaps at 3 and 7 days post surgery and healed faster in respect to epithelial closure, mesenchymal healing, and bone regeneration. Biochemical analysis of the collagen concentration of the tissue flaps revealed similar collagen content in full and partial thickness flaps reflected for 15 min; however, the collagen concentration of partial thickness flaps opened for 90 min was higher than that in full thickness flaps.
Autoimmune disease antigens1
Authors: Hiramoto Raymond N. , Ghanta Vithal K.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. The first step towards understanding the cellular interaction which results in autoimmune disease is to determine what triggers the recognition between a specific autoimmune antigen determinant and the cellular receptor. In this review, we have focused on the antigen inducing experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) because the antigen has been characterized and a relatively large body of information on its biological activities has been accumulated. Clearly, a specific allergic encephalitis‐producing determinant is present and is represented on a relatively small portion of the molecule. The determinant induces a wide variety of biological reactivities, some of which are classed as cellular mediated. An attempt is made to dissect activities such as blast transformation (BT), migration inhibitory factor (MIF), in vivo delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) and EAE and to relate them to the structural requirements which the determinants possess. The complexities which arise indicate that subpopulations of cells with different receptor activities may respond selectively and that recognition of the receptor is produced by an EAE determinant consisting of three amino acids in a specific linear sequence. Furthermore, under experimental circumstances the EAE activity can be dissociated from the other activities (BT, MIF, DTH), indicating that while these tests are used generally to follow various human autoimmune disease activities, they may represent the reaction of a broad spectrum of cells.
Mixed tumor of skin
Authors: Stene Torbjørn , Koppang Hanna Strømme
Published: April 2006

Abstract A 40‐year‐old white male consulted his dentist because of a mass in the upper lip to the right of the midline. The patient stated that the lesion had been present and slowly enlarging for at least the past 10 years. A mass that appeared to be about the size of a hazel nut was apparent to direct visualization and it produced an elevation of the lip surface. On palpation, the mass was found to have a firm rubbery texture and to be freely movable. The history of slow growth of an apparently well delineated mass over a lengthy period of time, together with a lack of fixation to the surrounding tissues of the lip was considered indicative of a benign lesion. The mass was extirpated using an intraoral approach under local anesthesia.
Ultrastructural study of tumor cell differentiation in osteosarcoma of jaw bones*
Authors: Schulz A. , Maerker R. , Delling G.
Published: April 2006

Abstract Two ostcosarcomas of jaw bones have been studied by electron microscopy. The objectives were to examine the specific cell types in relation to functions and ultrastructural features, and to examine matrices produced by tumor cells.

The osteosarcoma cells were subdivided into four cell types: anaplastic, chondroblastic, osteoblastic, and ostcocytic–giant cells were not considered in the present investigation.

Compared to normal bone cells, no specific sign of malignancy was found. However, tumor cells seem to lose functional abilities, i.e. a modification of matrix. Consequently, tumor matrix has altered organic and inorganic components with impairment of collagen maturation and matrix mineralization. The alteration in both processes may be related to a diminished production of proteoglycans.

The cytogenic hypothesis of a tumor stem cell may be supported by the identification of anaplastic osteosarcoma cells resembling immature reticulum cells. One may speculate on transformation of this cell type as a genetically predetermined osteoprogenitor cell of malignant potential.
Vitamin A deficiency and new bone growth: histologic changes
Authors: Harris S. S. , Hunt C. E. , Alvarez C. J. , Navia J. M.
Published: April 2006

Abstract Using a standardized guinea pig model system, the histologic appearance of newly formed bone from vitamin A deficient, vitamin A adequate and retinoic acid treated animals was compared. Microscopic examination of the histologic sections of bone collected from vitamin A deficient guinea pigs indicated the presence of highly cellular and loosely woven bone spicules. This model system is an osteoblastic model, since osteoclasts are essentially absent in tissue formed in 14‐day implants. Thus, new bone formation in the vitamin A deficient guinea pig reveals morphologic changes which are principally mediated through the osteoblastic process.
Changes in lactoferrin and other proteins in a case of chronic recurrent parotitis
Authors: Tabak L. , Mandel I. D. , Herrera M. , Baurmash H.
Published: April 2006

Abstract Parotid fluid samples from an individual with chronic recurring parotitis were collected during acute exacerbation and then at various stages of recovery. The samples were serially examined for: (a) lactoferrin (Lf) and lysozyme concentration, (b) concentration of IgA, IgG, IgM, albumin and transferrin, (c) amylase activity and protein pattern on acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, (d) myeloperoxidase (MPO). The most dramatic protein changes occurred during the initial exacerbation with a more than 20‐fold increase in total protein, because of an influx of serum proteins, Lf, lysozyme and MPO. By 5 days following the exacerbation the protein concentration was only two times normal; serum proteins were still evident but intrinsic salivary proteins were the major components; Lf, and to a lesser extent lysozyme, were still elevated; MPO was no longer detected. By day 11, total protein concentration was nearly normal; only albumin and Lf were modestly elevated. The elevation in Lf concentration during this period was accompanied by a shift in its apparent molecular weight. A polymeric form of Lf, observed during the acute stage, changed to what appeared to be a dimeric and then a monomeric form as the inflammatory process subsided. At day 79, parotid fluid chemistry was normal in almost all respects; only a slight elevation in albumin suggested any residual pathology.
Polyanomalodontia
Authors: Reichart Peter A. , Triadan Hugo , Lenz Hans
Published: April 2006

Abstract Reported is a case of multiple anomalies in dental morphology. The morphological anomalies comprised macrodontia, multituberculism, invaginations, and single conical molar roots. The gross morphological, radiological, histological and ultrastructural findings are presented and compared to similar forms of multiple anomalies in dental morphology.
Advances in epithelial kinetics—An oral view
Authors: Hume W. J. , Potten C. S.
Published: April 2006

AbstractThere is growing evidence that the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelia consists of cells of differing proliferative capacities and behaviour. These can be classified as stem cells transient amplifying cells and post‐mitotic maturing cells, the most important of which appear to be the stem cells which may be present throughout life and are responsible for all cell production under steady‐state conditions. Recent stem cell concepts are reviewed for epidermis, intestinal crypt and oral mucosa and are compared with tissues such as bone marrow and testes which have for some time been thought to operate in a similar manner. These concepts are applied to several pathological conditions of oral epithelia in an attempt to explain some of the changes observed.
Effects of magnesium and fluoride on ion exchange and acid resistance of enamel
Authors: Feagin F. , Thiradilok S.
Published: April 2006

Abstract Labial surfaces of bovine incisor enamel, after weak acid demineralization, were exposed for 24 h in solutions that contained trace levels of calcium as 45Ca, 0.4 mM NaF, and 1.0 mM MgCl2 at pH 7.0. The solutions approached saturation with apatites in the absence of NaF, and saturation with fluorapatites in the presence of NaF. NaF greatly increased the exchange of 45Ca. MgCl2 decreased 45Ca exchange, but had no effect on F− exchange in the surface minerals. MgCl2 decreased, while NaF increased the acid resistance of the exchanged surface minerals on later exposure to 10 mM acetic acid at pH 4.5. These results indicated that magnesium in oral fluids and tooth minerals may promote caries.
A classification of dysplastic forms of dentin
Authors: Gardner David G. , Farquhar Donald A.
Published: April 2006

Abstract Considerable effort has been made in the past to describe the morphologic changes in dentin which characterize various developmental disturbances of teeth. However, there appears to be no previous attempt to describe the spectrum of changes which may be exhibited by abnormal dentin. This paper presents a classification of dysplastic forms of dentin with definitions and illustrations of each abnormality. The classification was derived from reviewing the literature and from a study of 82 odontomas, examples of specific developmental disorders of dentin, regional odontodysplasia, and systemic conditions affecting dentin.
An oral lesion in tobacco‐lime users in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Bhonsle R. B. , Murti P. R. , Daftary D. K. , Mehta Fali S.
Published: April 2006

Abstract The habit of chewing tobacco along with lime in the canine‐premolar region of the mandibular groove is widespread (28%) in the rural population of Maharashtra, India. Among individuals with this habit, a thick yellowish‐white‐to‐brown lesion was observed at the site of placement of the mixture. Unlike leukoplakia, this lesion could be scraped off. The prevalence of this lesion among 101,761 Maharashtrian villagers was 2.9% which is four times more common than leukoplakia (0.67%). It is surmised that this particular lesion among the tabacco‐lime users is a specific entity with consistent histological features. The diagnosis should be made on the basis of history, clinical features, and consistent histological picture.
The immunopathogenesis of progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease
Authors: Seymour Gregory J. , Powell R. N. , Davies W. I. R.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Natural, humoral and cellular immune mechanisms have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. However, confusion still exists as to the role played by each of these immunological mechanisms. Recently, characterization of the cell types within the progressive lesion has been established, in which four recognizable zones were described.

Immediately subjacent to the epithelium lining the periodontal pocket both polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) and macrophages were seen, while cells deeper in the tissues had the morphological appearance of lymphocytes. The majority of these lymphocytes had a B‐cell phenotype although a few T‐cells and macrophages were found. On the advancing front of the lesion the cells had the morphological appearance of plasma cells, the majority of which contained IgG. Other cells found in this region had the morphology of plasma cells yet contained no cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, but they did contain substantial amounts of lysosomal enzymes. Similar cells have previously been described in periodontal disease; their frequent association with fibroblasts may suggest that they are important in the pathogenesis. Deposits of IgG and fibrin were found in the fibrous tissue band surrounding the lesion. These results are reviewed and, although the zones described were not anatomically distinct, by describing the lesion in this way it was possible to establish a convenient model to explain the immunopathogenesis of progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. In this respect, progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in man should be considered as a B‐cell lesion.
An exophytic soft tissue mass of the buccal mucosa
Authors: Sist Thomas C.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. A case is presented in which electron microscopy proved invaluable in determining the nature of a clinically innocuous lesion of the buccal mucosa. The clinical, histologic and ultrastructural features of the neoplasm identified are reviewed in the light of previous literature.
Expansile lesion of the posterior maxilla in an adult male
Authors: Russell E. A. , Nelson J. F. , Ballinger M. E.
Published: April 2006

Abstract. A case of odontogenic fibromyxoma of over 5 years’ duration which was evident roentgenographically (but not diagnosed) at the time of treatment for a fractured zygoma of the ipsilateral side is presented. The rate of growth did not appear to be significantly altered by trauma. The tumor was successfully treated by enucleation and curettage with removal of the associated teeth. No evidence of recurrence was noted 6 months postoperatively.
The leukocytic response in ligated rat submandibular glands
Authors: Tamarin Arnold
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Within 1 h after ligation of the main excretory duct of the rat submandibular salivary gland neutrophils begin to migrate into the parenchymal epithelium and by 18 h they accumulate, unchanged, within the lumina of acini and intralobular ducts. By 24 h, monocytes become the predominant in‐traepithelial migrating cell type. These selectively migrate into lumina of convoluted ducts where they phagocytize intraluminal material consisting of secretion products, egested cell debris and neutrophils. By 4 days monocytes laden with phagosomes begin to migrate into the stroma and by. 17 days relatively few leukocytes remain within the parenchyma. Changes in ligated gland weight reflect the cytological changes. It is concluded that in experimental obstructive adenitis monocytes play a most important role while neutrophils are adventitious.
Effects of isoproterenol on chemical carcinogenesis with DMBA in mouse salivary glands
Authors: Okada Yukio
Published: April 2006

Abstract. Histopathological studies were conducted on experimental carcinogenesis in mouse salivary glands using D L‐isoproterenol hydochloride (isoproterenol) and 9 10‐dimethyl‐1 2‐benzantliracene (DMBA). DM BA was admisistered once at 1 mg/0.02 ml in olive oil to the salivary glands, and isoproterenol was injected intraperitoneally at 1 mg/0.05 ml saline solution three times a week for 2 weeks al different periods during the oncogenic process. Salivary glands treated with carcinogen showed a relatively constant sequence of changes and developed epithelial and mesenchymal tumors irrespective of isoproterenol administration. Isoproterenol did not influence the development of another type of tumor; however, it did retard the oncogenic processes.
Dystrophic calcification in calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor: an X‐ray diffraction and electron spin resonance study
Authors: Aoba Takaaki , Doi Yutaka , Koseki Takakazu
Published: April 2006

Abstract. X‐ray diffraction and electron spin resonance (ESR) analyses were conducted on calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) associated with abundant calcification in order to compare its mineral structure with that of surrounding cortical bone. The material under investigation was removed from the canine‐premolar region of the left maxilla of a 39‐year‐old woman. The principal findings were that the mineral phase of CEOT consists of apatite crystals and that the crystallinity of the crystals is higher than that of bone apatite. ESR spectra of CEOT are similar to those of bone sample. Quantitative ESR analysis indicates that CEOT shows a higher crystallinity coefficient – defined by Ostrowski et al. (1972, 1974) as the ratio of spin concentration to the ash content of the sample – than bone. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the calcification in CEOT has a higher crystalline structure than the cortical bone.