bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specialty preferences of 1st year medical students in a Saudi Medical School – Factors affecting these choices and the influence of gender
Authors: Kaliyadan Feroze , Amin Tarek Tawfik , Qureshi Habib , Wadani Fahad Al
Published: September 2015

Background and Aims: In recent years there has been a growing appreciation of the issues of career preference in medicine as it affects student learning and academic performance. Various factors influence the specialty choices of medical students. Some specialties tend to attract students more than others. One possible consequence of this would be a mismatch between health needs and specialist numbers in the region. This study investigated the career preferences of 1st year medical students in a Saudi medical school and to assess factors affecting these choices.
Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey carried out on the 1st year undergraduate students in the college of medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. A total of 109 students (57 female and 52 males) responded to the questionnaire which was initially administered to all the students of the 1st year – A total of 120 students (response rate was 90.8%). A mixed method approach was used and qualitative data from open-ended questions were analyzed based on thematic analysis.
Results: The top choices were general surgery, internal medicine, and pediatrics. Among female students; the top specialty choices were: General surgery (23%), pediatrics (18%), and dermatology (15%). Among the male students; the top choices were: General surgery (54%) and internal medicine (23%). Of the total, 57% of the students agreed or strongly agreed that primary aptitude was the main factor affecting the choice. Only 31% felt that there was a significant influence of role model, 48% felt that the advice of others – peers and family, would be a factor influencing their choices, and 53% agreed that specialty choice would influence their future learning patterns. Males were more likely to choose a specialty based on actual aptitude for the specialty, financial rewards, and scope for research; and this gender difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Surgery was the top-choice in both genders. Other popular choices included internal medicine, pediatrics, and dermatology. Important factors affecting these choices included – primary aptitude, advice of peers, reputation, financial rewards, and the challenge involved.
Nasal angioma with osseous metaplasia
Authors: Handra-Luca Adriana , Bisseret Damien , Gorphe Philippe , Arsenovic Nebojsa
Published: September 2015

Nasal angiomas are rare. We report a case showing osseous metaplasia and discuss pathogenesis hypotheses. A 41-year-old woman presented with a right lateronasal firm, immobile mass, and interfering with glass wearing. The computed tomography scan imaging was suggestive of chondroma while the magnetic resonance imaging showed on T1-weighted images nodule isosignal, on T2-weighted images hypersignal, and intense enhancement after contrast substance injection. The lesion was surgically resected. Histological examination revealed a 0.8 cm angioma with multifocal osseous metaplasia. The diagnosis of nasal angiomas with extensive osseous metaplasia is difficult requiring microscopic examination. Conservative surgery is the treatment of choice even at an early stage due to the limited effectiveness of embolization or drugs on the osseous component.
Recent advances in the pathology of pituitary adenomas
Authors: Ayodeji S. , Effiong A. , Adefolarin M.
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Pituitary adenomas are the third most common intracranial tumours. The 2004 WHO classification of pituitary adenomas has recommended the use of immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and molecular techniques along with clinical and morphological evaluation in making a diagnosis. This review examines the subtypes of pituitary adenomas seen using the different diagnostic techniques. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of literature as well as an online search of databases was made. Results: The classification and molecular properties of the different subclasses are highlighted in this review. Pituitary adenomas are among the most frequent intracranial tumours and can present with over-expression of the hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland or pressure symptoms from the tumour. Pituitary adenomas are clonal tumours and often show over-expression of tumour suppressor genes which can sometimes be familial. Molecular studies have shown expression of common genes that can be employed to group pituitary adenomas based on their histogenetic origin. These genetic properties can be helpful in delineating those tumours which do not show clear cut lineage. This is particularly useful in the assessment of silent and plurihormonal adenomas. Several subclasses exist and the presentation may be different depending on the particular hormone produced. The prolactinomas are the commonest type followed by the silent adenomas with Gonadotroph and TSH producing adenomas constituting the rare types. Conclusion. Pituitary carcinomas are rare tumours diagnosed only in the presence of metastatic deposits in other tissues.
Accidental injuries in the dissecting room
Authors: Romero-Reveron R.
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Dissection of human cadavers is a core component of human anatomy teaching and learning at many medical schools but it is coupled with the risk of injury. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of accidental injuries in the dissecting room was undertaken at the Human Anatomy Department J.M. Vargas medical school during 2009-2012. Results: A total of 10 accidental injuries, were recorded, all minor. Eight (80%) injuries were from scalpel blade, other two injuries were through formatin fluids splash on the face. Discussion: Results emphasize the importance of scalpel blade safe handling techniques to reduce the risks of accidental injury.
An unusual branching of the axis artery of human upper limb - a morphological case report
Authors: Pai M. , Shenoy V. , Prabhu P. , Murlimanju B. , Prabhu L.
Published: September 2015

Introduction: During the development, 7th cervical intersegmental artery would lead to the axis artery. Axis artery is the major artery from which all other branches of the upper limb arteries arise. Materials and Methods: In the present case, variation in the branching pattern of the axis artery of upper limb was observed in an adult male cadaver. Results: There was an additional branch arising from the brachial artery and it was running in the forearm. As usual, the brachial artery bifurcated into ulnar and radial arteries. Conclusions: The knowledge of variations reported here is important to the operating surgeons and radiologists.
Paramastoid apophysis: case report
Authors: Lins C. , Amorin Júnior A. , Villarouco F. , Gatis M. , Tavares R.
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to report a case of a paramastoid apophysis of a human skull, identified during routine lessons at the Laboratory of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Pernambuco and Recife-PE, Brazil. The skull used in this study showed a morphological variation present only on the right side of the occipital bone, which had a height of 18.10 mm and had a facet joint with the transverse process of the atlas, being identified as paramastoid apophysis. Other anatomical variations in skull were found as: presence of sutural bone along the lambdoidal suture and persistent metopic suture. Thus, this study will be important for the health sciences and those who keep interest in pathologies associated with atlanto-occipital joint, because the description of the structures that deviate from the normal organogenesis resulting from disorders: hereditary basis or not, has a practical interest that prints the modification to the arrangement of the constituent elements of the region and possible functional alterations resulting therefrom.
Morphometric analysis of mice's ventricular myocardium submitted to androgenic anabolizing steroids use
Authors: Alves D. , Silva M. , Zavan B. , Nogueira D. , Fernandes G. , Rossi Junior W. , Esteves A.
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Androgenic anabolizing steroids (AAS) are a group of natural and synthetic compounds deriving from testosterone or one of its sub-products which are more and more used by young people for improving physical performance or for aesthetic reason. Complications, such as arteriosclerosis and acute myocardium infarction (AMI), have been reported in AAS' users, but the records about the ventricular anatomical structure of those users are few. Because of that, this study aimed to verify morphologic and quantitative morphometric possible alterations on mice's left ventricular myocardium submitted to their use. Materials and Methods: Thirty mice were divided into three 10-animals groups (group 1: received Deca-Durabolin®; group 2: received Potenay®; and group 3: received saline solution), each one of them composed by five males and five females, treated once a week and put to swimming thrice a week during one month. Results: Results revealed that there were no significant alterations in the quantity of muscle fibers in the animals treated with AAS but there were significant differences when comparing male-to-female mice and left ventricular area (μm2). It was observed that mice in group 1 (Deca-Durabolin®) presented a lesser left ventricular area when compared to those in group 3 (control) but, when analyzing cardiac muscle ibers morphologically, it was veriied that the myocardium was looser and softer in drug-submitted animals, especially those in group 1 (Deca-Durabolin®). Conclusion: There are effective signiicant differences when a morphologic and quantitative morphometric analysis is done concerning mice's left ventricular myocardium submitted to AAS.
Egalitarian Moments
Authors: Shaw Devin Zane
Published: September 2015

Jacques Rancière’s work has challenged many of the assumptions of contemporary continental philosophy by placing equality at the forefront of emancipatory political thought and aesthetics. Drawing on the claim that egalitarian politics persistently appropriates elements from political philosophy to engage new forms of dissensus, Devin Zane Shaw argues that Rancière’s work also provides an opportunity to reconsider modern philosophy and aesthetics in light of the question of equality. In Part I, Shaw examines Rancière’s philosophical debts to the ‘good sense’ of Cartesian egalitarianism and the existentialist critique of identity. In Part II, he outlines Rancière’s critical analyses of Walter Benjamin and Clement Greenberg and offers a reinterpretation of Rancière’s debate with Alain Badiou in light of the philosophical differences between Schiller and Schelling.

From engaging debates about political subjectivity from Descartes to Sartre, to delineating the egalitarian stakes in aesthetics and the philosophy of art from Schiller to Badiou, this book presents a concise tour through a series of egalitarian moments found within the histories of modern philosophy and aesthetics.
Long-term real-time measurements of aerosol particle composition in Beijing, China: seasonal variations, meteorological effects, and source analysis
Authors: Sun Y. L. , Wang Z. F. , Du W. , Zhang Q. , Wang Q. Q. , Fu P. Q. , Pan X. L. , Li J. , Jayne J. , Worsnop D. R.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. High concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5) are frequently observed during all seasons in Beijing, China, leading to severe air pollution and human health problems in this megacity. In this study, we conducted real-time measurements of non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) species (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride, and organics) in Beijing using an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor for 1 year, from July 2011 to June 2012. This is the first long-term, highly time-resolved (~ 15 min) measurement of fine particle composition in China. The seasonal average (±1σ) mass concentration of NR-PM1 ranged from 52 (±49) μg m−3 in the spring season to 62 (±49) μg m−3 in the summer season, with organics being the major fraction (40–51 %), followed by nitrate (17–25 %) and sulfate (12–17 %). Organics and chloride showed pronounced seasonal variations, with much higher concentrations in winter than in the other seasons, due to enhanced coal combustion emissions. Although the seasonal variations of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA, i.e., sulfate + nitrate + ammonium) concentrations were not significant, higher contributions of SIA were observed in summer (57–61 %) than in winter (43–46 %), indicating that secondary aerosol production is a more important process than primary emissions in summer. Organics presented pronounced diurnal cycles that were similar among all seasons, whereas the diurnal variations of nitrate were mainly due to the competition between photochemical production and gas–particle partitioning. Our data also indicate that high concentrations of NR-PM1 (> 60 μg m−3) are usually associated with high ambient relative humidity (RH) (> 50 %) and that severe particulate pollution is characterized by different aerosol composition in different seasons. All NR-PM1 species showed evident concentration gradients as a function of wind direction, generally with higher values associated with wind from the south, southeast or east. This was consistent with their higher potential as source areas, as determined by potential source contribution function analysis. A common high potential source area, located to the southwest of Beijing along the Taihang Mountains, was observed during all seasons except winter, when smaller source areas were found. These results demonstrate a high potential impact of regional transport from surrounding regions on the formation of severe haze pollution in Beijing.
Sedimentological processes and environmental variability at Lake Ohrid (Macedonia, Albania) between 640 ka and present day
Authors: Francke A. , Wagner B. , Just J. , Leicher N. , Gromig R. , Baumgarten H. , Vogel H. , Lacey J. H. , Sadori L. , Wonik T. , Leng M. J. , Zanchetta G. , Sulpizio R. , Giaccio B.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Lake Ohrid (FYROM, Albania) is thought to be more than 1.2 million years old and hosts more than 200 endemic species. As a target of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), a successful deep drilling campaign was carried out within the scope of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) project in 2013. Here, we present lithological, sedimentological, and (bio-)geochemical data from the upper 247.8 m of the overall 569 m long DEEP site sediment succession from the central part of the lake. According to an age model, which is based on nine tephra layers (1st order tie points), and on tuning of biogeochemical proxy data to orbital parameters (2nd order tie points) and to the global benthic isotope stack LR04 (3rd order tie points), respectively, the analyzed sediment sequence covers the last 640 ka. The DEEP site sediment succession consists of hemipelagic sediments, which are interspersed by several tephra layers and infrequent, thin (< 5 cm) mass wasting deposits. The hemipelagic sediments can be classified into three different lithotypes. Lithotype 1 and 2 deposits comprise calcareous and slightly calcareous silty clay and are predominantly attributed to interglacial periods with high primary productivity in the lake during summer and reduced mixing during winter. The data suggest that high ion and nutrient concentrations in the lake water promoted calcite precipitation and diatom growth in the epilmnion in during MIS15, 13, and 5. Following a strong primary productivity, highest interglacial temperatures can be reported for MIS11 and 5, whereas MIS15, 13, 9, and 7 were comparable cooler. Lithotype 3 deposits consist of clastic, silty clayey material and predominantly represent glacial periods with low primary productivity during summer and longer and intensified mixing during winter. The data imply that most severe glacial conditions at Lake Ohrid persisted during MIS16, 12, 10, and 6 whereas somewhat warmer temperatures can be inferred for MIS14, 8, 4, and 3. Interglacial-like conditions occurred during parts of MIS14, and 8.
Technical Note: The Linked Paleo Data framework – a common tongue for paleoclimatology
Authors: McKay N. P. , Emile-Geay J.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Paleoclimatology is a highly collaborative scientific endeavor, increasingly reliant on online databases for data sharing. Yet, there is currently no universal way to describe, store and share paleoclimate data: in other words, no standard. Data standards are often regarded by scientists as mere technicalities, though they underlie much scientific and technological innovation, as well as facilitating collaborations between research groups. In this article, we propose a preliminary data standard for paleoclimate data, general enough to accommodate all the proxy and measurement types encountered in a large international collaboration (PAGES2K). We also introduce a vehicle for such structured data (Linked Paleo Data, or LiPD), leveraging recent advances in knowledge representations (Linked Open Data). The LiPD framework enables quick querying and extraction, and we expect that it will facilitate the writing of open-source, community codes to access, analyze, model and visualize paleoclimate observations. We welcome community feedback on this standard, and encourage paleoclimatologists to experiment with the format for their own purposes.
Estimating the volume of Alpine glacial lakes
Authors: Cook S. J. , Quincey D. J.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Supraglacial, moraine-dammed and ice-dammed lakes represent a potential glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) threat to downstream communities in many mountain regions. This has motivated the development of empirical relationships to predict lake volume given a measurement of lake surface area obtained from satellite imagery. Such relationships are based on the notion that lake depth, area and volume scale predictably. We critically evaluate the performance of these existing empirical relationships by examining a global database of measured glacial lake depths, areas and volumes. Results show that lake area and depth are not always well correlated (r2 = 0.38), and that although lake volume and area are well correlated (r2 = 0.91), there are distinct outliers in the dataset. These outliers represent situations where it may not be appropriate to apply existing empirical relationships to predict lake volume, and include growing supraglacial lakes, glaciers that recede into basins with complex overdeepened morphologies or that have been deepened by intense erosion, and lakes formed where glaciers advance across and block a main trunk valley. We use the compiled dataset to develop a conceptual model of how the volumes of supraglacial ponds and lakes, moraine-dammed lakes and ice-dammed lakes should be expected to evolve with increasing area. Although a large amount of bathymetric data exist for moraine-dammed and ice-dammed lakes, we suggest that further measurements of growing supraglacial ponds and lakes are needed to better understand their development.
New developments in the representation of Saharan dust sources in the aerosol-climate model ECHAM6-HAM2
Authors: Heinold B. , Tegen I. , Schepanski K. , Banks J. R.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. In the aerosol-climate model ECHAM6-HAM2, dust source activation (DSA) observations from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite are proposed to replace the original source area parameterization over the Sahara Desert. The new setup is tested in nudged simulations for the period 2007 to 2008. The evaluation is based on comparisons to dust emission events inferred from MSG dust index imagery, AERONET sun photometer observations, and satellite retrievals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT). The model results agree well with AERONET measurements. Good correlations between model results and MSG-SEVIRI dust AOT as well as Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) AOT indicate that also the spatial dust distribution is well reproduced. ECHAM6-HAM2 computes a more realistic geographical distribution and up to 20 % higher annual Saharan dust emissions, using the MSG-based source map. The representation of dust AOT is partly improved in the southern Sahara and Sahel. In addition, the spatial variability is increased towards a better agreement with observations depending on the season. Thus, using the MSG DSA map can help to circumvent the issue of uncertain soil input parameters. An important issue remains the need to improve the model representation of moist convection and stable nighttime conditions. Compared to sub-daily DSA information from MSG-SEVIRI and results from a regional model, ECHAM6-HAM2 notably underestimates the important fraction of morning dust events by the breakdown of the nocturnal low-level jet, while a major contribution is from afternoon-to-evening emissions.
GlobWat – a global water balance model to assess water use in irrigated agriculture
Authors: Hoogeveen J. , Faurès J.-M. , Peiser L. , Burke J. , van de Giesen N.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. GlobWat is a freely distributed, global soil water balance model that is used by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to assess water use in irrigated agriculture, the main factor behind scarcity of freshwater in an increasing number of regions. The model is based on spatially distributed high-resolution data sets that are consistent at global level and calibrated against values for internal renewable water resources, as published in AQUASTAT, the FAO's global information system on water and agriculture. Validation of the model is done against mean annual river basin outflows. The water balance is calculated in two steps: first a "vertical" water balance is calculated that includes evaporation from in situ rainfall ("green" water) and incremental evaporation from irrigated crops. In a second stage, a "horizontal" water balance is calculated to determine discharges from river (sub-)basins, taking into account incremental evaporation from irrigation, open water and wetlands ("blue" water). The paper describes the methodology, input and output data, calibration and validation of the model. The model results are finally compared with other global water balance models to assess levels of accuracy and validity.
Taiwan's underwater cultural heritage documentation management
Authors: Tung Y.-Y.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Taiwan is an important trading and maritime channels for many countries since ancient time. Numerous relics lie underwater due to weather, wars, and other factors. In the year of 2006, Bureau of Cultural Heritage (BOCH) entrusted the Underwater Archaeological Team of Academia Sinica to execute the underwater archaeological investigation projects. Currently, we verified 78 underwater targets, with 78 site of those had been recognized as shipwrecks sites. Up to date, there is a collection of 638 underwater objects from different underwater archaeological sites. Those artefacts are distributed to different institutions and museums. As very diverse management methods/systems are applied for every individual institution, underwater cultural heritage data such as survey, excavation report, research, etc. are poorly organized and disseminated for use. For better communication regarding to Taiwan’s underwater cultural heritage in every level, a universal format of documentation should be established. By comparing the existing checklist used in Taiwan with guidelines that are followed in other countries, a more intact and appropriate underwater cultural heritage condition documentation system can be established and adapted in Taiwan.
Constitutional Constructivism: Possibilities and Prospects
Authors: Wright R. George
Published: September 2015

None
WITHDRAWN: ESPACIOS MÓVILES E IDENTIDADES FLUCTUANTES: UN ACERCAMIENTO A LA FRONTERA COLOMBO-VENEZOLANA EN PUNTO Y RAYA
Authors: Simonovis Leonora
Published: September 2015

En la lente: memoria, referencialidad histórica y documentalismo en el cine latinoamericano actual
Cómo abordar la situación de marginación entre pares femeninos. Un estudio de caso en el tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria
Authors: Sánchez Ruiz Raquel , Escribano Lara Teresa
Published: September 2015

Las burlas, el maltrato, el acoso y el bullying escolares se han convertido en un tema, por desgracia, habitual e incluso fomentado por las nuevas tecnologías. Y aunque su prevención y su tratamiento puedan ser dificultosos, es necesario que se aúnen los esfuerzos de padres, profesores, personal educativo y, en definitiva, toda la comunidad educativa para crear una atmósfera de cooperación y solventar cualquier problema de este tipo que pueda surgir. Con estas premisas, los objetivos de este trabajo, que estudia un caso real de aislamiento sufrido por una alumna de tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria por parte de sus compañeras, son dos: por un lado, establecer un protocolo para prevenir casos similares; y por otro lado, engrosar la investigación al respecto y compendiar un protocolo de intervención que sirva como apoyo a la actuación institucional y establecer buenas prácticas para apoyar la praxis docente y la intervención de la comunidad educativa ante este tipo de situaciones.
Preferencias de los y las estudiantes universitarias sobre el empleo desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: Pérez-Carbonell Amparo , Ramos Santana Genoveva
Published: September 2015

Se presenta un estudio de encuesta sobre las preferencias que tiene el alumnado universitario al decidirse por un trabajo, lo que creen que les debe aportar y cómo debe ser la empresa en la que desearían trabajar en función de la variable género. Diferentes investigaciones, señalan que las personas desarrollan valores, expectativas y habilidades profesionales diferentes asociadas a la carrera y a la profesión en función del género. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los factores que llevan a los y las jóvenes a percibir  el trabajo o profesión y determinar si dicha percepción es diferente por ser hombre o mujer. A través de un cuestionario ad hoc compuesto por 52 ítems de escala Likert se recoge la información a 1295 estudiantes universitarios seleccionados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por accesibilidad y que realizan sus estudios en 28 universidades y 53 facultades españolas públicas y privadas durante el curso académico 2010-11. Las respuestas aportadas en  dicho cuestionario son analizadas con la prueba U de Mann-Whitney y el Análisis factorial de componentes principales exploratorio con rotación varimax diferenciado por sexo.  Los resultados obtenidos constatan que el alumnado  universitario, desarrolla sus preferencias laborales sesgadas por estereotipos de género, aunque también se observan pequeños cambios de tendencias en dichas preferencias como, la valoración de la conciliación familiar ante la decisión de un empleo por parte de los universitarios o la búsqueda de trabajos que les lleven a retos constantes en el caso de las universitarias.
Los valores vinculados a la competencia del trabajo en equipo en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. Un estudio en la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (Ecuador)
Authors: Ruíz-Corbella Marta , De Rivas Manzano Rosario
Published: September 2015

Un componente clave de toda competencia genérica es el valor, cuestión mencionada, pero escasamente atendida en el proceso formativo y, menos aún, evaluada. Encontramos estudios y experiencias que abordan la formación en destrezas, conocimientos, etc., pero no es tan habitual las dirigidas a su dimensión axiológica. Por ello es necesario identificar los valores implícitos en estas, para poder incorporarlas en la dinámica formativa en cada asignatura y en su evaluación. Los objetivos de este trabajo se apoyan en un estudio de carácter descriptivo centrado en un caso único con recogida de datos a partir de un cuestionario dirigido a los actores del proceso de enseñanza a distancia en un entorno virtual de aprendizaje. Para ello se diseñaron, validaron y aplicaron dos cuestionarios, uno dirigido a profesores y otro a estudiantes, con preguntas que permitieran evaluar cómo los primeros asumen y transmiten estos valores y cómo los perciben los segundos. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir: 1) Hay una marcada diferencia entre el sentir de los profesores en la asunción y transmisión de estos valores y la percepción de los estudiantes. 2) Los profesores, aunque reconocen falencias en algunos aspectos de la formación axiológica de sus estudiantes, no son suficientemente conscientes de estas diferencias significativas. 3) Es necesario que la institución, identificadas las debilidades de los profesores, establezca líneas de trabajo y nuevas acciones que ayuden a alcanzar los objetivos de una formación de calidad. Este trabajo representa una primera aproximación a un tema que, por su importancia, necesita ser profundizado y continuado a lo largo del tiempo. Gracias a los cuestionarios diseñados y validados podemos contrastar estos resultados en otros entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, para analizar qué formación se está favoreciendo en nuestras instituciones universitarias. Identificar esta realidad es la vía para poder presentar planes de mejora en las titulaciones que se imparten.
Regional Nodal Metastasis of Humeral Chondrosarcoma in a Dog
Authors: Meindel Mandy , Pohlman Lisa , DeBey Brad , Higginbotham Mary Lynn , Moon Rachel
Published: September 2015

A 6 yr old castrated male English springer spaniel was evaluated with a 1 mo history of progressive right forelimb lameness with recent swelling around the elbow joint. Physical examination findings included lameness of the right forelimb, muscle atrophy around the right shoulder, grade 2/6 heart murmur, and moderate dental disease. Results of a complete blood cell count and serum biochemical analysis were unremarkable with the exception of a mildly increased alkaline phosphatase (368 U/L; reference range, 128–328 U/L). Radiographs of the right elbow revealed a mixed lytic and proliferative osseous lesion most consistent with either neoplasia or infection. Thoracic radiographs and the echocardiogram were unremarkable. Fine-needle aspiration of the bone lesion was performed. The cytological diagnosis was chondrosarcoma. The right forelimb was amputated and the axillary lymph nodes were collected. Histopathological examination of the bone lesion and axillary lymph nodes revealed chondrosarcoma with metastasis to the lymph nodes. Lymph node metastasis of chondrosarcoma is rare and needs to be further evaluated as a prognostic indicator.
Urinary Aldosterone/Creatinine Ratio After Fludrocortisone Suppression Consistent with PHA in a Cat
Authors: Koutinas Christos K. , Soubasis Nektarios C. , Djajadiningrat-Laanen Sylvia C. , Kolia Elissavet , Theodorou Konstantina
Published: September 2015

A 9 yr old cat was presented with clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities attributed to arterial hypertension (mean systolic arterial pressure, 290 mm Hg). Plasma aldosterone concentration was increased at the time of admission (651 pmol/L), but serum creatinine and potassium concentrations were within the reference range. A second increased aldosterone (879 pmol/L) and normal plasma renin activity (1.85 ng/mL/hr) resulted in an increased aldosterone/renin ratio, which was suggestive of primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA). To further support the diagnosis of PHA, the urinary aldosterone/creatinine ratio was calculated both before and after oral administration of fludrocortisone acetate (0.05 mg/kg q 12 hr for 4 consecutive days). The urinary aldosterone/creatinine ratio was 92.6 × 10−9 before fludrocortisone administration and 155.8 × 10−9 4 days later. Absence of suppression was typical of PHA. The cat had a limited response to antihypertensive medication and died before treatment for PHA could be instituted. A necropsy was not permitted by the owner.
Removal of an Airway Foreign Body via Flexible Endoscopy Through a Laryngeal Mask Airway
Authors: Martin-Flores Manuel , Cortright Catherine C. , Koba Samantha J.
Published: September 2015

A Silky terrier weighing 4.7 kg was presented with an airway foreign body after having aspirated a fragment of an orotracheal tube that was identified on radiological examination. Due to the small size of the patient, flexible endoscopy could not be performed through the lumen of a tracheal tube. Following IV induction of general anesthesia, the airway was instrumented with a laryngeal mask airway that was attached via a three-way connector to an anesthesia breathing circuit. A flexible endoscope was passed through the free port of the connector. That arrangement allowed for the passage of an endoscope through the lumen of the laryngeal mask airway and into the trachea without interrupting the continuous supply of O2 and sevoflurane.
Mucinous Pleural Effusion in a Dog with a Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma and Carcinomatosis
Authors: Tropf Melissa , Sellon Rance , Paulson Kathleen , Nelson Danielle
Published: September 2015

An 11 yr old castrated male greyhound presented to the Washington State University's Veterinary Teaching Hospital (WSU VTH) for evaluation of a 4 day history of pleural effusion. The pleural effusion had a gelatinous appearance, suggestive of mucus, and was characterized cytologically as a pyogranulomatous exudate with some features suggestive of a carcinoma. Postmortem examination identified a pulmonary mass with evidence of carcinomatosis. Pulmonary papillary adenocarcinoma with carcinomatosis was the histologic diagnosis. Abundant mucin production was present, consistent with a mucinous pulmonary adenocarcinoma. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a mucinous pulmonary adenocarcinoma with mucus pleural effusion in a dog.
Parameter Set Points: An Effective Solution for Real‐Time Data Analysis
Authors: Umberg Katie , Allgeier Steven
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of simple parameter set points as a solution for event detection as part of online water quality monitoring. The results of two significant studies are presented, each of which evaluated both sophisticated event detection systems (EDSs) and set‐point analysis using actual utility data and simulated water quality incidents. In both studies, the performance of set‐point analysis was comparable to, and in some cases better than, that of the specialized EDSs. This suggests that set points are an effective solution for analysis of real‐time water quality data.
Analysis of Land Surface Temperature and NDVI Using Geo-Spatial Technique: A Case Study of Keti Bunder, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Zia Ur Rehman  , Syed Jamil H. Kazmi  , Farheen Khanum  , Zuber Ali Samoon
Published: September 2015

Keti Bunder is a small coastal community situated at about 200 km south east of Karachi. It has four major creeks namely Chann, Hajamro, Kangri (Turchhan) and Khober with an arid subtropical climate and temperature remaining moderate throughout the year. This paper reports the application of an integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for analysis and monitoring of the relationship of land surface temperature (LST) with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the area. LST is one of the critical elements in the natural phenomena of surface energy and water balance at local and global extent. [1-5]. Remote sensing in accord with tradition utilizes the NDVI to provide specific information on vegetation abundance to the LST–vegetation relationship. For mapping purposes, satellite images of Landsat-5 ETM+, Landsat-7 TM and Landsat-8 OLI / TIRS images, acquired on March 08, 2000, April 29, 2010 and April 08, 2014 respectively, were used. The results indicate that the maximum land surface temperature increased gradually from 39°C in 2000, to 42°C in 2010 and 45°C in 2014. Due to global warming and climatic changes. Keti Bunder of the Indus delta has experienced a serious condition over the past few years; the local communities have suffered badly from climate change impacts as heavy rainfalls, floods and cyclones have forced people to migrate to other places for their livelihood and shelter. However, mean NDVI value increased to -0.009 in 2014 as compared to 2010 (-0.165), due to several plantations of mangroves being established by the government. In the past, the mangrove forest was degraded due to lack of freshwater and seawater intrusion. The rate of degradation of mangrove forest in the delta was approximately 6 percent per year between 1980 and 1995 and only a small percentage of mangroves are now considered to be healthy [6-7].
Morality, Rationality and Academic Dishonesty: A Partial Test of Situational Action Theory
Authors: Cochran John K.
Published: September 2015

This study uses self-report survey data from a sample of college students to provide a partial test of Wikstrӧm’s situational action theory (2010a) by examining the extent, if any, to which the effects of perceptual deterrence on academic dishonesty are moderated by personal morality. The findings show that both personal morality and perceived certainty of formal sanctions are inversely associated with cheating; however, the deterrent effect of high perceived certainty of formal sanctions is not greater among those with weak moral prohibitions against cheating as predicted by Wikstrӧm and observed by Svensson (2015) in an earlier test of Wikstrӧm’s situational action theory.
The splicing regulators Esrp1 and Esrp2 direct an epithelial splicing program essential for mammalian development
Authors: Bebee Thomas W , Park Juw Won , Sheridan Katherine I , Warzecha Claude C , Cieply Benjamin W , Rohacek Alex M , Xing Yi , Carstens Russ P
Published: September 2015

Tissue- and cell-type-specific regulators of alternative splicing (AS) are essential components of posttranscriptional gene regulation, necessary for normal cellular function, patterning, and development. Mice with ablation of Epithelial splicing regulatory protein (Esrp1) develop cleft lip and palate. Loss of both Esrp1 and its paralog Esrp2 results in widespread developmental defects with broad implications to human disease. Deletion of the Esrps in the epidermis revealed their requirement for establishing a proper skin barrier, a primary function of epithelial cells comprising the epidermis. We profiled the global Esrp-mediated splicing regulatory program in epidermis, which revealed large-scale programs of epithelial cell-type-specific splicing required for epithelial cell functions. These mice represent a valuable model for evaluating the essential role for AS in development and function of epithelial cells, which play essential roles in tissue homeostasis in numerous organs, and provide a genetic tool to evaluate important functional properties of epithelial-specific splice variants in vivo.
Developments in Genetic and Epigenetic Data Protection in Behavioral and Mental Health Spaces
Authors: Terry Nicolas
Published: September 2015

The legal system has been preparing for an explosion of epigenetic issues in public health, environmental regulation and litigation. So far, this explosion has been muted, and for now epigenetic data protection merely seems to be “enjoying” the same technological and legal challenges experienced by other clinical and research data. However, three areas of development suggest where epigenetic data protection may prove problematic. This article examines these three issues, noting the rapid expansion of research based on EMR‐sourced clinical data, the large number of data protection models that can apply to genetic data (including point‐of‐use prohibitions on discrimination and confidentiality), and the increasing and controversial dangers of deidentified information being reidentified. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LabVIEW based ‘nonlintool’ for analysis and design of nonlinear control system
Authors: Patel Hiral A. , Patel Jignesh
Published: September 2015

This paper presents LabVIEW based Graphical User Interface (GUI) tool called as ‘nonlintool’. The tool provides much needed user friendly computational platform for nonlinear control system as there are very few endeavours found on computer aided tool for analysis and design of nonlinear control system. The tool is useful for analysis and design of nonlinear control system. The tool offers user friendly computational platform for the study of nonlinear control system. It has capability to carry the analysis and design for almost all type of discrete (or discontinuous) and continues nonlinearities. It aims to provide quick and effective means for the understanding of behaviour of nonlinear systems. The different modules integrated in the tool to analyse the discrete type nonlinearity with phase plane trajectory and continuous type nonlinearity with linearization. The tool enables the user to investigate the stability of the system and help to proceed for the design of nonlinear control system. The tool is converted in to executable file to make it open source package. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:195–201, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21697
Coordination Chemistry of Homoleptic Actinide(IV)–Thiocyanate Complexes
Authors: Carter Tyler J. , Wilson Richard E.
Published: September 2015

The synthesis, X‐ray crystal structure, vibrational and optical spectroscopy for the eight‐coordinate thiocyanate compounds, [Et4N]4[PuIV(NCS)8], [Et4N]4[ThIV(NCS)8], and [Et4N]4[CeIII(NCS)7(H2O)] are reported. Thiocyanate was found to rapidly reduce plutonium to PuIII in acidic solutions (pH<1) in the presence of NCS−. The optical spectrum of [Et4N][SCN] containing PuIII solution was indistinguishable from that of aquated PuIII suggesting that inner‐sphere complexation with [Et4N][SCN] does not occur in water. However, upon concentration, the homoleptic thiocyanate complex [Et4N]4[PuIV(NCS)8] was crystallized when a large excess of [Et4N][NCS] was present. This compound, along with its UIV analogue, maintains inner‐sphere thiocyanate coordination in acetonitrile based on the observation of intense ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer bands. Spectroscopic and crystallographic data do not support the interaction of the metal orbitals with the ligand π system, but support an enhanced AnIV–NCS interaction, as the Lewis acidity of the metal ion increases from Th to Pu.
Natural killer cell phenotype modulation and natural killer/T‐cell interplay in nucleos(t)ide analogue‐treated hepatitis e antigen‐negative patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Boni Carolina , Lampertico Pietro , Talamona Lavinia , Giuberti Tiziana , Invernizzi Federica , Barili Valeria , Fisicaro Paola , Rossi Marzia , Cavallo Maria Cristina , Vecchi Andrea , Pedrazzi Giuseppe , Alfieri Arianna , Colombo Massimo , Missale Gabriele , Ferrari Carlo
Published: September 2015

Natural killer (NK) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐specific T cells are functionally impaired in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Understanding to what extent nucleos(t)ide analogue (NUC) therapy can improve T‐ and NK‐cell responses is important in the perspective of immunomonitoring strategies for a safe and earlier NUC withdrawal and of novel combination therapies based on modulation of antiviral immunity. To gain further insights into T/NK‐cell interplay, we studied NK‐cell phenotype and function in hepatitis B e antigen–negative chronic HBV patients either untreated (25) or NUC treated (36 hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]+ and 10 HBsAg–/hepatitis B surface antibody [anti‐HBs]+). Interferon‐gamma, interleukin‐2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) production by HBV‐specific T cells was also analyzed in NUC‐treated patients. NK cells from chronic naïve patients showed an “inflammatory” phenotype defined by increased expression of TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), CD38, and Ki67 that significantly declined upon viremia suppression and alanine aminotransferase normalization induced by NUC therapy. Reversion to a quiescent NK‐cell phenotype was associated with restoration of the HBV‐specific T‐cell function. T‐ and NK‐cell responses showed an inverse correlation, with an opposite behavior in individual NUC‐treated patients. NK‐cell depletion as well as TRAIL and NKG2D pathway blockade induced a significant improvement of the HBV‐specific T‐cell function. Conclusions: NK cells can express regulatory activity on T cells in NUC‐treated patients with prevalent inhibition of CD4 T cells, likely needed to limit persistent T‐cell activation. NK‐cell phenotype is modulated by NUC therapy and its reversion to quiescence mirrors efficient HBV‐specific T‐cell responses. Thus, changes of NK‐cell phenotype may predict acquisition of antiviral control before anti‐HBs seroconversion and represent the groundwork for future studies aimed at assessing whether NK phenotyping can be translated into the clinical practice to guide NUC suspension.(Hepatology 2015;62:1697–1709)
A novel objective method for deceased donor and recipient size matching in liver transplantation
Authors: Croome Kristopher P. , Lee David D. , Saucedo‐Crespo Hector , Burns Justin M. , Nguyen Justin H. , Perry Dana K. , Taner C. Burcin
Published: September 2015

Although the consequences of implantation of a large whole liver graft into a small recipient such as compression and compromise of graft perfusion are well known, no accepted measure to aid in donor‐to‐recipient size matching exists. Donor liver graft and recipient native liver weights as well as donor and recipient size and amount of ascites were investigated in 1953 patients who underwent liver transplantation using deceased donor grafts between January 2002 and July 2013. We used a previously described formula for liver resections (standardized total liver volume [sTLV] = –794.41 + 1267.28 × body surface area [m2]) for calculating sTLV, in the current cohort of deceased liver donors. Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) and graft survival were the primary outcome measures. The formula for calculating sTLV for liver resections was validated as an accurate predictor of liver volume in the current cohort of deceased liver donors (r
2 = 0.45; P < 0.001). A cutoff point of sTLV ratio ≥ 1.25 was determined through receiver operating characteristic curves, and patients were dichotomized into 2 groups. In the sTLV ratio ≥ 1.25 group, 50% of patients developed EAD compared to 25% of patients in the sTLV ratio < 1.25 group (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients developing graft failure within 90 days was 9.6% in the sTLV ratio ≥ 1.25 group and 5.4% in the sTLV ratio < 1.25 group (P = 0.045). This study validates the use of the sTLV for prediction of actual donor liver weight in the transplant setting. Using this formula, donors with a calculated sTLV size ratio ≥ 1.25 have an increased risk of EAD and therefore caution should be used when that value is exceeded. This adjusted size ratio can be used as a decision aid when considering donor and recipient matching with potential liver organ offers. Liver Transpl 21:1471‐1477, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
Fan, Gettelman, Robinson, and Steiner Receive the 2015 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: September 2015

Jiwen Fan, Andrew Gettelman, Allen L. Robinson, and Allison Steiner will receive the 2015 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Award at the 2015 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, to be held 14–18 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes "research contributions by exceptional mid-career scientists in the fields of atmospheric and climate sciences."
Curcumin and its analogues: a potential natural compound against HIV infection and AIDS
Authors: Prasad Sahdeo , Tyagi Amit K.
Published: September 2015

No safe and effective cure currently exists for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).