bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Fidelity of NS-3 Simulations of Wireless Multipath TCP Connections
Authors: Prakash Monika , Abdrabou Atef
Published: December 2020

The multipath transmission control protocol (MPTCP) is considered a promising wireless multihoming solution, and the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) includes it as a standard feature in the fifth-generation (5G) networks. Currently, ns-3 (Network Simulator-3) is widely used to evaluate the performance of wireless networks and protocols, including the emerging MPTCP protocol. This paper investigates the fidelity of the Linux kernel implementation of MPTCP in the ns-3 direct code execution module. The fidelity of MPTCP simulation is tested by comparing its performance with a real Linux stack implementation of MPTCP using a hardware testbed for two different setups. One setup emulates the existence of a bottleneck link between the sending and receiving networks, whereas the other setup does not have such a bottleneck. The fidelity of ns-3’s simulation is tested for four congestion control algorithms, namely Cubic, linked-increases algorithm (LIA), opportunistic LIA (OLIA) and wVegas for relatively short and long data flows. It is found that the uplink MPTCP throughput performance exhibited by the ns-3 simulator matches the hardware testbed results only if the flows are long-lived and share no common bottleneck link. Likewise, the MPTCP throughput achieved during a downlink scenario using the ns-3 simulator and the hardware testbed are close to each other across all algorithms except wVegas regardless of the flow size if there is no bottleneck link. Moreover, it is observed that the impact of LTE handover on MPTCP throughput is less significant in the simulator than the real hardware testbed, and it is setup-dependent.
Verification and Comparison of Nine Exhaust Gas Recirculation Mass Flow Rate Estimation Methods
Authors: Nyerges Ádám , Zöldy Máté
Published: December 2020

Modern Diesel engines have complex exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. Due to the high temperatures, it is a typical issue to measure EGR mass flow rates in these complex control systems. Therefore, it is expedient to estimate it. Several sensed values can help the estimation: the fresh air mass flow rate, the fuel consumption, pressures, temperatures and mass fractions in the air path system. In most of the articles, the EGR mass flow rate estimation is done by the pressures. However, gas composition based models usually would be better for control aims. In this paper, nine EGR estimation methods will be presented: an important outcome is to present the required sensor architectures and estimation challenges. The comparison will be made by measurement results both in stationary operation points and transient cycles. The estimated EGR mass flow rates will be evaluated by verification conditions. The results will prove that the intake and exhaust side oxygen sensors can give verifiable signals for EGR mass flow rate estimation. In contrast, the applied fresh air mass flow rate and the nitrogen-oxide signals are not accurate enough to provide verifiable EGR mass flow rates in every operating condition. The effects of sensor inaccuracies will also be considered.
Recent Trends on Applications of Electronics Pervading the Industry, Environment and Society
Authors: Saponara Sergio , De Gloria Alessandro , Bellotti Francesco
Published: December 2020

This Editorial analyzes the manuscripts accepted, after a careful peer-reviewed process, for the Special Issue “Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Sensing Systems and Pervasive Intelligence” of the Sensors MDPI journal [...]
Robust Acoustic Imaging Based on Bregman Iteration and Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm
Authors: Huang Linsen , Song Shaoyu , Xu Zhongming , Zhang Zhifei , He Yansong
Published: December 2020

The acoustic imaging (AI) technique could map the position and the strength of the sound source via the signal processing of the microphone array. Conventional methods, including far-field beamforming (BF) and near-field acoustic holography (NAH), are limited to the frequency range of measured objects. A method called Bregman iteration based acoustic imaging (BI-AI) is proposed to enhance the performance of the two-dimensional acoustic imaging in the far-field and near-field measurements. For the large-scale ℓ1 norm problem, Bregman iteration (BI) acquires the sparse solution; the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) solves each sub-problem. The interpolating wavelet method extracts the information about sources and refines the computational grid to underpin BI-AI in the low-frequency range. The capabilities of the proposed method were validated by the comparison between some tried-and-tested methods processing simulated and experimental data. The results showed that BI-AI separates the coherent sources well in the low-frequency range compared with wideband acoustical holography (WBH); BI-AI estimates better strength and reduces the width of main lobe compared with ℓ1 generalized inverse beamforming (ℓ1-GIB).
Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid Detection Using Molecularly Imprinted Polyaniline on a Paper Substrate
Authors: Chi Ting-Yen , Chen Zheyuan , Kameoka Jun
Published: December 2020

Perfluorinated compounds like perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are synthetic water pollutants and have accumulated in environments for decades, causing a serious global health issue. Conventional assays rely on liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy that are very expensive and complicated and thus limit the large-scale monitoring of PFOS in wastewater. To achieve low-cost and accurate detection of PFOS, we designed a paper-based sensor with molecularly imprinted polyaniline electrodes that have recognition sites specific to PFOS. The calibration curve of resistivity ratios as a function of PFOS concentrations has a linear range from 1 to 100 ppt with a coefficient of determination of 0.995. The estimated limit of detection is 1.02 ppt. We also investigated attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the surface of the polyaniline (PANI) electrodes to propose the potential recognition sites in polyaniline matrix and the detection mechanism. This electrical paper sensor with low cost and excellent sensitivity and selectivity provides the potential for large-scale monitoring of wastewater.
Developing a Motor Imagery-Based Real-Time Asynchronous Hybrid BCI Controller for a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton
Authors: Choi Junhyuk , Kim Keun Tae , Jeong Ji Hyeok , Kim Laehyun , Lee Song Joo , Kim Hyungmin
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to develop an intuitive gait-related motor imagery (MI)-based hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) controller for a lower-limb exoskeleton and investigate the feasibility of the controller under a practical scenario including stand-up, gait-forward, and sit-down. A filter bank common spatial pattern (FBCSP) and mutual information-based best individual feature (MIBIF) selection were used in the study to decode MI electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and extract a feature matrix as an input to the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. A successive eye-blink switch was sequentially combined with the EEG decoder in operating the lower-limb exoskeleton. Ten subjects demonstrated more than 80% accuracy in both offline (training) and online. All subjects successfully completed a gait task by wearing the lower-limb exoskeleton through the developed real-time BCI controller. The BCI controller achieved a time ratio of 1.45 compared with a manual smartwatch controller. The developed system can potentially be benefit people with neurological disorders who may have difficulties operating manual control.
A Cross-Regional Analysis of the COVID-19 Spread during the 2020 Italian Vacation Period: Results from Three Computational Models Are Compared
Authors: Casini Luca , Roccetti Marco
Published: December 2020

On 21 February 2020, a violent COVID-19 outbreak, which was initially concentrated in Lombardy before infecting some surrounding regions exploded in Italy. Shortly after, on 9 March, the Italian Government imposed severe restrictions on its citizens, including a ban on traveling to other parts of the country. No travel, no virus spread. Many regions, such as those in southern Italy, were spared. Then, in June 2020, under pressure for the economy to reopen, many lockdown measures were relaxed, including the ban on interregional travel. As a result, the virus traveled for hundreds of kilometers, from north to south, with the effect that areas without infections, receiving visitors from infected areas, became infected. This resulted in a sharp increase in the number of infected people; i.e., the daily count of new positive cases, when comparing measurements from the beginning of July to those from at the middle of September, rose significantly in almost all the Italian regions. Upon confirmation of the effect of Italian domestic tourism on the virus spread, three computational models of increasing complexity (linear, negative binomial regression, and cognitive) have been compared in this study, with the aim of identifying the one that better correlates the relationship between Italian tourist flows during the summer of 2020 and the resurgence of COVID-19 cases across the country. Results show that the cognitive model has more potential than the others, yet has relevant limitations. The models should be considered as a relevant starting point for the study of this phenomenon, even if there is still room to further develop them up to a point where they become able to capture all the various and complex spread patterns of this disease.
Evaluation and Application of a Customizable Wireless Platform: A Body Sensor Network for Unobtrusive Gait Analysis in Everyday Life
Authors: Lueken Markus , Mueller Leo , Decker Michel G. , Bollheimer Cornelius , Leonhardt Steffen , Ngo Chuong
Published: December 2020

Body sensor networks (BSNs) represent an important research tool for exploring novel diagnostic or therapeutic approaches. They allow for integrating different measurement techniques into body-worn sensors organized in a network structure. In 2011, the first Integrated Posture and Activity Network by MedIT Aachen (IPANEMA) was introduced. In this work, we present a recently developed platform for a wireless body sensor network with customizable applications based on a proprietary 868MHz communication interface. In particular, we present a sensor setup for gait analysis during everyday life monitoring. The arrangement consists of three identical inertial measurement sensors attached at the wrist, thigh, and chest. We additionally introduce a force-sensitive resistor integrated insole for measurement of ground reaction forces (GRFs), to enhance the assessment possibilities and generate ground truth data for inertial measurement sensors. Since the 868MHz is not strongly represented in existing BSN implementations, we validate the proposed system concerning an application in gait analysis and use this as a representative demonstration of realizability. Hence, there are three key aspects of this project. The system is evaluated with respect to (I) accurate timing, (II) received signal quality, and (III) measurement capabilities of the insole pressure nodes. In addition to the demonstration of feasibility, we achieved promising results regarding the extractions of gait parameters (stride detection accuracy: 99.6±0.8%, Root-Mean-Square Deviation (RMSE) of mean stride time: 5ms, RMSE of percentage stance time: 2.3%). Conclusion: With the satisfactory technical performance in laboratory and application environment and the convincing accuracy of the gait parameter extraction, the presented system offers a solid basis for a gait monitoring system in everyday life.
Efficacy of Inertial Measurement Units in the Evaluation of Trunk and Hand Kinematics in Baseball Hitting
Authors: Punchihewa Niroshan G. , Miyazaki Shigeaki , Chosa Etsuo , Yamako Go
Published: December 2020

Baseball hitting is a highly dynamic activity, and advanced methods are required to accurately obtain biomechanical data. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) can capture the motion of body segments at high sampling rates both indoor and outdoor. The bat rotates around the longitudinal axis of the body; thus, trunk motion plays a key role in baseball hitting. Segmental coordination is important in transferring power to a moving ball and, therefore, useful in evaluating swing kinematics. The current study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of IMUs with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz attached on the pelvis, thorax, and hand in assessing trunk and hand motion during baseball hitting. Results obtained using the IMU and optical motion capture system (OMCS) were compared. Angular displacements of the trunk segments and spine joint had a root mean square error of <5°. The mean absolute error of the angular velocities was ≤5%. The intra-class correlation coefficient (>0.950) had excellent reliability for trunk kinematics along the longitudinal-axis. Hand velocities at peak and impact corresponded to the values determined using the OMCS. In conclusion, IMUs with high sampling rates are effective in evaluating trunk and hand movement coordination during hitting motion.
Development and Field Tests of a Deep-Sea Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) System for Solid Sample Analysis in Seawater
Authors: Liu Chunhao , Guo Jinjia , Tian Ye , Zhang Chao , Cheng Kai , Ye Wangquan , Zheng Ronger
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the investigation and exploitation of hydrothermal region and polymetallic mineral areas has become a hot topic. The emergence of underwater vehicle platforms has made it possible for new chemical sensors to be applied in marine in-situ detection. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), with its advantages of rapid real-time analysis, sampling without pretreatment, simultaneous multi-element detection and stand-off detection, has great potential in marine applications. In this paper, a newly more compact and lighter underwater LIBS system based on the LIBSea system named LIBSea II was developed and tested both in the laboratory and sea trials. The system consists of a Nd:YAG single-pulse laser at 1064 nm, a fiber spectrometer, optical layout, a power supply module and an internal environment sensor. The system is encapsulated in a pressure vessel (Φ 190 mm × L 588 mm) with an optical window on the end cap. Experimental parameters of the system including laser energy and delay time were firstly optimized in the laboratory. Then, field test of the system in nearshore was performed with various samples, including pure metal and alloy samples as well as a manganese nodule sample from deep sea, to verify the detection performance of the LIBSea II system. In 2019, the system was deployed on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) of Haima for deep sea trial, and atomic lines of K, Na, Ca and strong molecular bands of CaOH from a carbonate rock sample were obtained for the first time at depths of 1400 m. These results show that the LIBSea II system has great potential to be used in deep-sea geological exploration.
On the Way of Policy Making to Reduce the Reliance of Fossil Fuels: Case Study of Iran
Authors: Aien Morteza , Mahdavi Omid
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, fossil fuels are well known as a predominant source of energy in the planet. Located in the Middle East region, Iran holds one of the largest fossil fuel reservoirs in the world. The country has abundant oil and natural gas fields in various regions; some of them are shared between other countries and have not reached their operational capacity yet. Meanwhile, during recent years and due to global warming followed by environmental global contracts such as Kyoto protocol, using fossil fuels is being criticized to a large extent around the world. Therefore, the global interest has been focused toward clean energy resources. Furthermore, endowed with sundry geographical pattern throughout its land, Iran has adequate renewable energy potentials. So, there will be a serious paradox affecting its whole energy policy: more exploration and extraction of conventional fossil fuels or take advantage of renewable and sustainable energy resources? In this paper, energy structure of Iran is generally overviewed, followed by study of renewable energy potentials in various parts of the country. Afterwards, policy making in renewable energy market, systems, and applicable strategies are elaborated. Furthermore, a number of barriers obstructing the development path of renewable energy schemes and initiatives are presented and discussed in detail.
Land-Use Efficiency in Shandong (China): Empirical Analysis Based on a Super-SBM Model
Authors: Pang Yayuan , Wang Xinjun
Published: December 2020

A reasonable evaluation of land-use efficiency is an important issue in land use and development. By using a super-SBM model, the construction and cultivated land-use efficiency of 17 cities in Shandong from 2006 to 2018 were estimated and the spatial-temporal variation was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The land use efficiency levels were quite different, and low-efficiency cities impacted the overall development process. (2) The efficiency values of construction land generally fluctuated and rose, meaning that room remains for future efficiency improvements. Cultivated land generally showed a high utilization efficiency, but it fluctuated and decreased. (3) The construction land-use efficiency was highest in the midland region, especially in Laiwu city, followed by the eastern region and Qingdao city, and the western region. The spatial variation in cultivated land presented a trend of “high in the middle, low in the periphery,” centered on Jinan and Yantai city. (4) Pure technical efficiency was the main restriction driving inefficient utilization in the western region, while scale efficiency played that role in the east. Based on the findings, policy suggestions were proposed to improve the land-use efficiency in Shandong and promote urban sustainable development.
Intergenerational Bubbles of Beliefs for Sustainability
Authors: Kobayashi Keiichiro , Chiba Asako
Published: December 2020

We constructed a simple model of a dynamic economy in which the current generation chooses to excessively consume, thereby rendering society unsustainable. In such an economy, we assumed that a notional bubbly asset emerges, and its value grows if the current generation conserves adequate resources for future generations. Provided that the bubbly asset is considered valuable, the current generation chooses to conserve resources, rendering the economy sustainable. The condition for sustainability is that the value of this asset grows intergenerationally and indefinitely. The asset represents a belief system, such as a religious doctrine or a political ideology. Results imply that, to restore sustainability, a new intergenerational belief system must be identified, and its value grows indefinitely.
Effects of Modification of Light Parameters on the Production of Cryptophycin, Cyanotoxin with Potent Anticancer Activity, in Nostoc sp.
Authors: Polyzois Alexandros , Kirilovsky Diana , Dufat Thi-hanh , Michel Sylvie
Published: December 2020

Cryptophycin-1 is a cyanotoxin produced by filamentous cyanobacteria. It has been evaluated as an anticancer agent with great potential. However, its synthesis provides insufficient yield for industrial use. An alternative solution for metabolite efficient production is to stress cyanobacteria by modifying the environmental conditions of the culture (Nostoc sp. ATCC 53789). Here, we examined the effects of light photoperiod, wavelength, and intensity. In light photoperiod, photoperiods 24:0 and 16:8 (light:dark) were tested while in wavelength, orange-red light was compared with blue. Medium, high, and very high light intensity experiments were performed to test the effect of light stress. For a 10-day period, growth was measured, metabolite concentration was calculated through HPLC, and the related curves were drawn. The differentiation of light wavelength had a major effect on the culture, as orange-red filter contributed to noticeable increase in both growth and doubled the cyanotoxin concentration in comparison to blue light. Remarkably, constant light provides higher cryptophycin yield, but slightly lower growth rate. Lastly, the microorganism prefers medium light intensities for both growth and metabolite expression. The combination of these optimal conditions would contribute to the further exploitation of cryptophycin.
Integrated Reduction of the Self–Reducing Pellets on the Blast Furnace
Authors: A Vaniukov , D Kovalyov , N Vaniukova , I Khodyko , O Bezshkurenko
Published: December 2020

The objective of the present work is to research a quantitate ratio of degree direct reduction inside of SRP and degree of indirect reduction outside of SRP on the top of the blast furnace.The reactions of direct and indirect reduction occurring during the heat treatment of self reducing pellets (SRP) have been studied. In this investigation Blast furnace (BF) sludge which contains particles of coke, has been included in the SRP blend as a source of solid reductant and iron bearing oxides. In the SRP as a part ot the blast furnace burden occur the reactions simultaneously: inside of SRP-direct reduction by Csolid; gasification of carbon and indirect reduction by CO; and outside of SRP-indirect reduction of iron bearing oxides by reducing gas coming from the hearth of blast furnace through the column of charged materials. The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. It con-sists of a electrical heating furnace, which can be moved up and down. The quartz tube passes through the furnace. The reaction zone is in the middle of the furnace. Neutral argon atmosphere is created and for indirect reduction argon changed - on hydrogen. Gases of argon, hydrogen are introduced into the furnace separately. Wire of nickel alloy chromosome joins the scales test. A thermocouple is located in the tube.The crucible of wire chrome-nickel was permeable.Metohd. The experiments was performed continuously from the start temperature (~200 ˚C) to the experimental temperature (500 ˚C; 700 ˚C; 900 ˚C; 1100 ˚C) in argon free environment. Upon reaching the desired temperature argon was replaced by hydrogen during 30 minutes. After that the reduced probe of SRP was cooled in argon. Results. The integrated degree of reduction is equal 100%, which includes 98,6 % direct reduction by solid carbon under temperatures 1100°C. The chemical analysis of the reduced SRP showed the degree of integrated reduction change from 85,79 % (900 °C) to 92,50 % (1000 °C) and 84,6% (1100°C) and metallization 83,30 % (900 °C), 89,90 % (1000 °C), 80,75 % (1100 °C).These data correspond to results of degree of reduction SRP depends on temperature
Transparency in extractive industry commodities trading
Authors: Östensson Olle
Published: December 2020

The paper reviews the debate about transparency in extractive industry commodities trade. It examines the obstacles to improved transparency. A critical review of the experience with estimating losses from a lack of transparency concludes that many of the published estimates of losses from transfer mispricing and misinvoicing suffer from methodological deficiencies and appear to be exaggerations. The role of finance in extractive commodities trade is briefly discussed and it is noted that lending to companies owned by the state may affect the government’s standing with donors and investors. The most important transparency and responsible sourcing initiatives are reviewed. The initiatives appear to have had some positive effect on public financial management, investment climate, and economic growth. The experience of government-initiated responsible sourcing, including for conflict minerals, concludes that initiatives must include all or almost all market participants and that the cost of due diligence be equitably shared. Finally, a number of recommendations are made.
Informality and firm performance in Myanmar
Authors: Berkel Hanna , Tarp Finn
Published: December 2020

Using a novel panel survey of enterprises in Myanmar, we compare the performance of manufacturing firms by three different informality definitions. The first is binary, based on whether firms pay taxes. The second captures five categories of registration with the authorities, and the third definition relates to three groupings of the informality status of a firm’s workers. Depending on the informality concept used, formalization has positive, insignificant, and negative performance outcomes. However, our analysis shows that independent of the informality definition, differences between formalizers and non-formalizers are mostly because of disparities in the number of employees, capital, and use of power-driven machinery. Education, business practices, gender, location, and sector only play a role for some of the definitions and performance variables.
TINGKAT KESADARAN DIRI TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL UNTUK ATLET MUAY THAI (UKM) UNIVERSITAS SURYAKANCANA
Authors: Fitri Amalia Eneng
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesadaran diri terhadap kesehatan mental pada atlet Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa (UKM) Muay Thai UNSUR. Kesadaran diri (self awareness) merupakan ”modal dasar” konselor dalam menjalankan  tugas  (Flurentin,  2001).  Pemahaman  diri  sendiri  merupakan  suatu kondisi yang diperlukan sebelum memulai proses pemahaman terhadap orang lain. Dinamika intrapersonal dan interpersonal harus dianggap sebagai komponen yang penting  dalam  proyeksi  keyakinan-keyakinan,  sikap,  pendapat,  dan  nilai-nilai. Pengujian    tentang    pemikiran-pemikiran    dan    perasaan-perasaan    seseorang memungkinkan  konselor  untuk  memahami  lebih  baik  tentang  ”muatan”  budaya yang dibawa (Brown et al, 1988). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket atau kuesioner. Subjek penelitian ini merupakan atlet Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa (UKM) Muay Thai Universitas Surya kancana, yang berjumlah 10 orang. Penelitian ini di laksanakan di Kampus Universitas Suryakancana. Untuk mengukur kesadaran diri terhadap kesehatan mental, para atlet di beri angket yang sudah di sediakan dan mengisi sesuai dengan yang terjadi dan yang mereka rasakan. Dari setiap poin dalam angket tersebut memiliki nilai untuk nantinya akan di akumulasi dan di analisis hasil data penelitiannya.
Assessment of toxic and essential metals in fish feed ingredients available in different areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Biraj , Mottalib Md. Abdul , Al-razee A. N. M.
Published: December 2020

Contamination of heavy metals in fish feed ingredients is regarded as a major crisis globally especially in developing countries because it may be the source of toxicity in the food chain. Fish farming in Bangladesh is growing very rapidly and fish available in the markets are mostly coming from fish farms where fish farmers mostly use commercial fish feeds manufacturing with different ingredients. In this study, several types of ingredients based on different origins were collected from several areas and after measuring dry weight these were digested by a mixture of acids. This study is concerned to access the toxic and essential metals in different fish feed ingredients which are frequently used to produce commercial fish feed in Bangladesh. The concentration (mg kg-1 dry weight) range of toxic metals such as; Pb (0.56- 1.73), Cd (0.12-0.97), Cr (0.15-0.88), As (BDL), Hg (BDL), Ni (1.10-2.50) and essential metals such as; Fe (13.57-48.96), Cu (10.11-28.09), Zn (10.60-26.25), Na (12.07-35.00), K (13.06-28.97), Ca (10.00-47.96) in selected fish feed ingredients were recorded by Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Optima 7000DV) with significant variation (P<0.05). The analyzed toxic and essential metal concentrations in most of the ingredients were within the safe limit proposed by World Health Organization, Food and Agricultural Organization and European Union indicating no health risk.
KEBAHAGIAAN DALAM RUANG KESEHARIAN MANUSIA
Authors: Banusu Yakobus Ori , Firmanto Antonius Denny
Published: December 2020

Secara ingstingtif manusia adalah makhluk yang mencari kesenangan. Sehingga tidak ada orang yang menolak kebahagiaan dalam hidupnya. Kebahagiaan adalah tujuan peziarahan hidup manusia. Tulisan ini berfokus pada tema kebahagiaan dengan sesamanya. Metodologi tulisan ini terinspirasi dari konsep kebahagiaan menurut Aristoteles dan aktivitas berfilsafat fenomenologis, yang berorientasi pada aktivitas berfilsafat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tulisan ini memberi analisis kritis dan tinjauan filosofis terhadap makna kebahagiaan manusia dalam relasinya dengan sesama. Melalui analisis dan tujuan yang dilakukan, maka diketahui bahwa manusia adalah makhluk sosial. Manusia tidak bisa hidup dan mencapai kebahagiaannya tanpa orang lain. Sebagai makhluk sosial, manusia tidak bisa memisahkan kebahagiaan dari konteks hidup dengan sesamanya. Hidup Bahagia adalah identik dengan aktivitas mengejar kebahagiaan itu sendiri. kebahagiaan itu dinikmati pada aktivitas baik yang dilakukan terhadap sesama dalam hidup sehari-hari. Dalam aktivitas baik itu manusia mengalami kebahagiaan yang aktual, bukan kebahagiaan yang diletakkan nanti dan dimotivasi oleh keegoisan dan nafsu pribadi manausia dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari.
Transforming into Digital Organization by Orchestrating Culture, Leadership, and Competence in Digital Context
Authors: Saputra Nopriadi , Saputra Aldy Maulana
Published: December 2020

Objective - For transforming into digital organization; competence of employees, corporate culture and leadership in the digital context become important antecedents. This study attempts to examine the impact of leadership and corporate culture on digital competence
Methodology/Technique –Cross sectional approach is used by involving 280 employees of PT Angkasa Pura I (AP-1) – a stated-owned company who manages the operation of 15 airports in Indonesia as the respondents. The data was structured by PLS SEM and computed by SmartPLS version 3
Finding – Corporate culture and leadership in digital context influenced digital competence significantly and simultaneously. Corporate culture also influences leadership in digital context.
Novelty - For becoming digital organizational, digital competence development can be leveraged by orchestrating digital culture in organizational perspective and digital leadership in group perspective.
Type of Paper: Empirical.
JEL Classification: L16, M12, M14

Keywords: Corporate Culture, Leadership, Digital Competence

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Saputra, N.; Saputra, A.M. (2020). Transforming into Digital Organization by Orchestrating Culture, Leadership and Competence in Digital Context, GATR Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 8(4): 208 – 216. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.4(2)
Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM) on Trait Anxiety among Malaysian Chinese Children
Authors: Cheong Chen Chen , Ashari Asmidawati , Ibrahim Rahimah , Sulaiman Wan Aliaa W. , Yong Koo Kian
Published: December 2020

Objective - Woefully, the early onset of anxiety disorders had affected children in different aspects throughout their developmental stages. In order to get rid of the increased prevalence rate among children, the biological attributed risk factors for anxiety should be given more concern. Particularly, this research intended to study the biological brain mechanism for trait anxiety among children. With brain electrical activity mapping, this research was aimed to study the relationship between the brain locations situated at the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe with trait anxiety. Subsequently, this research aimed to predict the associated brain locations for trait anxiety among anxious children.
Methodology/Technique – A total of 212 Chinese children from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia with high trait anxiety was recruited after the first phase of the screening phase through the administration of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children-Trait Scale (STAIC-T). Recruited children then proceeded to the second phase of brain electrical activity brain mapping with a Quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG) brain mapping machine.
Finding – Results showed that brain locations Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8, F3, F4, T3, and T4 are significantly correlated with trait anxiety while F8, Fp2, F4, and Fp1 are the significant predictors for trait anxiety among children during on task state. In short, the biological brain mechanism of brain locations played a role in forming the anxious trait the personality of children which resulted in reducing their resilience towards stress.
Type of Paper: Empirical
JEL Classification: D83, I19

Keywords: Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM); Children; Chinese; Malaysia; Trait anxiety; Quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG)

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Cheong, C.C; Ashari, A; Ibrahim, R; Sulaiman, W.A.W; Yong, K.K. (2020). Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM) on Trait Anxiety among Malaysian Chinese Children, GATR Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review, 8(4): 246 – 259. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.4(6)
Testing and improving a non-conventional unconditionally positive finite difference method
Authors: Saleh Mahmoud , Kovács Endre , Pszota Gábor
Published: December 2020

In this article, we applied the Unconditionally Positive Finite Difference (UPFD) method of Chen-Charpentier and Kojouharov to a diffusion-type partial differential equation (PDE), the so-called heat equation. Stability and convergence properties have been verified numerically for specific initial and boundary conditions. We also elaborated and tested the UPFD method with adaptive step size control. We have demonstrated that this version can be more efficient by reducing the time needed for solving the heat equation in one dimension.
Integrált termelésütemezési és műszakbeosztási feladatok megoldása
Authors: Kulcsár Gyula , Kulcsárné Forrai Mónika
Published: December 2020

A cikk bemutatja egy integrált termelésütemezési és műszakbeosztási feladat megoldását. A feladat jellegzetessége, hogy összeszerelő gépsorok és alkatrészgyártó gépek működését kell összehangolni megfelelő ütemtervek készítésével. Ezen túlmenően az ütemezés és a műszakbeosztás egy integrált feladatát kell megoldani. A cikk összefoglalja a vizsgált feladat legfontosabb jellemzőit és a kifejlesztett megoldási módszer koncepcióját.
OCCURRENCE OF HEPATITIS B AND HEPATITIS C AND THEIR DUAL INFECTIONS: A GREAT PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN
Authors: Vandana Sardana , R Verma Sameer
Published: December 2020

Introduction-Viral hepatitis is one of the major public health concern worldwide. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are of great concern due to their association with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Aims & Objectives-i)To determine the frequency of Hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV antibodies in patients coming to a tertiary care teaching hospital ii)To estimate the occurrence of co-infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus iii) To analyse the risk factors associated with hepatitis B, hepatitis C and their co-infections. Method- This prospective study included serum samples which were subjected to detection of HBs antigen and anti-HCV antibodies using rapid immunochromatographic card tests, which were further confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results- Out of total of 12,502 cases, the seropositivity of HBs antigen and anti-HCV antibodies was found to be 3.6% (452 /12,502) and 6.1% (758 /12,502) respectively. The frequency of co-infection (HBs antigen and anti-HCV antibodies) was found to be 0.8% (99 /12,502). Male to female ratio for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and co-infection was 2.1:1, 1.6:1and 2.3:1, respectively. The commonest risk factor associated with seropositivity of HBV was intravenous drug use, followed by blood / blood components transfusion. Hepatitis C infection was most commonly seen with blood / blood components transfusion, followed by intravenous drug use. Conclusions: Counseling and health education regarding the safe injection practices, safe sexual practices , screening of blood / blood products and vaccination against HBV are the essential steps to combat viral hepatitis.
SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) IN PATIENTS WITH SARS COV-2 IN KAMRUP (ASSAM)
Authors: Barman Malavika , Deka Sumi , Jahir Elteza T.
Published: December 2020

Background: The ongoing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is shaping the world on an unprecedented scale affecting more than 10.3 million individuals across the globe . Various studies have found that C- reactive protein (CRP ) levels could reflect disease severity and should be used as a key indicator for disease monitoring . Objective: To assess the level of C reactive protein(CRP) in initial stage of COVID-19 cases and its correla-tion with clinical presentation of disease. Materials and method:This retrospective case-control study includes 60 RT- PCR (reverse tran-scriptase-polymerase chain reaction) confirmed positive cases above the age of 18 years who were subsequently admitted between May- June, 2020, at Mahendra Mohan Choudhury Hospi-tal(MMCH) –an annexe hospital of Gauhati Medical College and Hospital(GMCH), Kamrup, As-sam. Result:The mean CRP value in the case group was 6 ± 2.36 mg/L while in control group it was 3.03 ± 1.20 which was found to be significantly raised (p<0.005) Conclusion: CRP may be an important index for prognosis and assessment of early stage of COVID-19. CRP levels can also be used in the treatment and management of positive cases.
INTEGUMENTARY REHABILITATION- AN IGNORED AREA IN PHYSICAL THERAPY
Authors: Khan Dr. Muhammad Usman
Published: December 2020

Besides many other health related fields, Physical therapy is expected to grow with an average rate of 40% in 20171. New generation entering in the field of physiotherapy are experiencing revolutionary changes. Integumentary rehabilitation is one of undergoing radical changes as the research work is revealing the anonymities of complex manners of the wound healing, tissue reparation, deprivation and revival of tissues.Evidence-based practices bring innovation and new technologies helping in the wound healing, but it is an ignored field in Pakistan, where physiotherapists lack in knowledge of Integumentary rehabilitation. Rehabilitationteams are working for about five decades on the dynamic changes occurring in wound careconcept2.
Unresolved issues of antibiotic therapy of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Popov Dmitry A.
Published: December 2020

Staphylococcal infections are widespread among outpatients and hospitalized patients. Despite the apparent diversity of the “menu” of anti-staphylococcal drugs, treatment results in several patients are not good as expected. This is due to the properties of pathogens exhibiting various mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, including biofilm formation, limited penetration of the drug into the focus of infection, which is largely dependent on its location, as well as basic characteristics of antimicrobial agent (activity, ability to achieve bactericidal concentrations in infectious foci, and toxicity). This review provides up-to-date information on the ways to improve treatment of patients with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Public administration in territorial communities: organizational and financial aspects
Authors: Klyuchnyk Liliya
Published: December 2020

Prospects for the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine and their financial support have been identified and investigated. Attention is drawn to the success of the process of budget decentralization, which largely depends on the financial capacity of local governments, which determines the performance of the functions entrusted to them. The general dynamics of the expenditures of the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine for the maintenance of public administration is analyzed. The efficiency of public administration and control over corruption in Ukraine is calculated. The expenditures per a unit of management of the united territorial communities of the Carpathian region and the united territorial communities of Central Ukraine (per capita and the share of expenditures on public administration in their own revenues) are examined. The analysis shows that the lowest share of public administration expenditures in own revenues (excluding transfers) is peculiar to communities with high financial capacity. United territorial communities with small territory and little population tend to have low financial capacity, and therefore high levels of share of public administration expenditures in their own revenues (excluding transfers). The exception is some small communities where the budget-forming companies are located. The paper proves that the united territorial communities of the Carpathian region in comparison with the united territorial communities of Central Ukraine are characterized by a high share of management expenditures compared to the average Ukrainian value. It is determined that the share of public administration expenditures in own revenues (excluding transfers) is lower with higher financial capacity of the budget, since such expenditures are relatively constant. The author suggests one of the best options for further development for communities, namely joining them with other territorial communities and creating a territorial community of larger size and population, optimizing the number of employees in public administration and the expenses for their maintenance.
Powrót krajobrazu
Authors: Zaremba Łukasz
Published: December 2020

Wstęp do numeru 8 "Powrót krajobrazu".
The Bolotnaya Square: Urban Design in Moscow between social activities and political protests
Authors: Abramova Evgenia
Published: December 2020

The article is aimed to explore the so-called Turn to the City in Moscow, as a part of which the city has experienced a growth of interest in the redevelopment of the post-Soviet urban structure; and urban design is considered one of the tools of this redevelopment. On the one hand, the turn to urban design is based on the attention to public, green, and pedestrian places and social activities within these places; on the other hand, it is able to undermine the power of oppositional movements in the city, which also take place on the redeveloped sites. These contradictions between social activities and political protest are analyzed in the case study of the Bolotnaya Square, which became widely famous as a public place during the political actions of 2011- 2012.
Морально-духовне виховання особистості молодшого підлітка
Authors: Кіян Ольга
Published: December 2020

У статті окреслено тенденції діяльності закладу освіти, що спрямовані на формування базових морально-духовних цінностей молодших підлітків.Одним із пріоритетних завдань, пов’язаних із вихованням молодого покоління, постає морально-духовне виховання зростаючої особистості, яка, соціалізуючись у сучасних умовах, набувала б відповідних рис і морально-духовних цінностей, що характеризують її як громадянина.
Workplace violence
Authors: Scaramuzzino Gabriella
Published: December 2020

Although many theories have been developed and a great amount of research has been conducted on autonomy and professional discretion, knowledge on the extent to which fear of being subjected to workplace violence might restrict such autonomy and professional discretion being used is limited. This article draws on a survey study (N=1,236) and compares the experiences of workplace violence of Swedish social workers, teachers and journalists. The aim of the article is to determine how digitalisation could be linked to workplace violence and also determine the extent to which workplace violence could affect the autonomy and professional discretion of these professional groups and prevent them from carrying out their democratic role. The results show the differences regarding where and how these professionals received threats and provides an alarming picture of the implications of such threats. 40% of the respondents had considered stopping working on a specific social problem, topic, target group, or task due to their fear of being subjected to hate, threats and harassment.
The 2020 Foreign Investment Law of China. Confucianism and New Challenges for Social Development
Authors: Czarnecki Łukasz
Published: December 2020

On January 1, 2020 the new Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国外商投资法) entered into force to promote investments in China. The aim of the law is to foster cross border investments. This law was passed on March 15, 2019 by the National People’s Congress. The Chinese FDI legal framework is composed of a set of laws and regulations that are dynamically shaping the economic reality. What are the possible tensions between the new law and the complex system of values in China? Is the new law an agent of implementing de facto social development? In summary, the results show that there is a complex relationship between FDI and social development in China. The new Chinese law might be an inspirational source of non-European legal tradition for Central Europeans.
Merchandising visual e interiorismo comercial en boutiques familiares
Authors: López Chiriboga María Alexandra , Solórzano Costales Ángel Xavier , Correa Valeria Alexandra
Published: December 2020

El objeto de este estudio fue analizar la presencia del merchandising visual dentro del interiorismo comercial en boutiques familiares. La experiencia de compra del cliente y su percepción respecto a los medios de acción empleados. Se tomó punto de referencia la tienda colombiana GEF, a partir de lo cual se establecieron criterios de evaluación en un caso específico la boutique ecuatoriana Con detalles y colores. La investigación descriptiva aplicada permitió obtener como resultado un diagnóstico de marca y gestión, y plantear un modelo conceptual para ser usado en locales tipo. El vínculo planificado merchandising – ambientación genera fidelización y rentabilidad.
Investigate Flow Characteristics of Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) Disposable Inhaler Spacer (AeroCup) for COVID-19 Patient by using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)
Authors: Abd Rahman Muhammad Faqhrurrazi , Asmuin Nor Zelawati , Taib Ishkrizat , Nazar Juwaidi , Khairulfuaad Riyadhthusollehan
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) were first reported by officials in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. COVID-19 patients have a symptom of respiratory pneumonia diseases which have difficulties in breathing normally. Previously, the nebulizer machine commonly used to treat respiratory pneumonia diseases. However, the usage for this machine was not suggested during this COVID-19 period because the virus will be spread off easily. To overcome these shortcomings, the uses of Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI) with MDI disposable inhaler spacer is preferable. Besides, it had been known that the used of MDI disposable inhaler spacer helps to increase the uptaking of the drug into the lung. Besides that, the high demand for the MDI Disposable Inhaler Spacer in the hospital, causing a shortage of supply in Malaysia. Thus, this study aims to produce a new design of this spacer to full fill the market need. This new design of MDI Disposable Inhaler Spacer (AeroCup) was designed by using Solid Work 2018. Then, the parameters for flow characteristic such as particle velocity magnitude, velocity, Eddy viscosity, turbulence Eddy dissipation and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) was successfully characterized and compared with commercial design A using ANSYS Fluent Version 19.2. The result showed that new design (AeroCup) had the desired characteristic, which was almost similar to commercial design A. This study can provide a piece of information to produce the low-cost metered-dose inhaler (MDI) disposable inhaler spacer to enlighten the burden shouldered by front liners, especially during the pandemic and also can scale-up the economic viability.