bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alcohol, Frustration, and Aggression: An Experiment Using the Balanced Placebo Design
Authors: Gustafson Roland
Published: September 2011

In a balanced placebo experiment it was hypothesized that pharmacological effects of alcohol would override expectancy effects and that alcohol would increase aggression only under frustrative conditions by a process of an exaggerated subjective experience of frustration. In a modified “aggression-machine” frustration was defined as arbitrary and manipulated in a within-subjects fashion. Manipulation checks indicated difficulties in deceiving subjects as to the content of the drink, and it was not possible to evaluate pure pharmacological effects. Ratings of subjective frustration did not differentiate experimental groups. Only during frustrative conditions did intoxicated subjects increase their aggression regardless of information about drink's content. Frustration per se and expectancy factors did not lead to increased aggression. This was explained in terms of a more narrow focusing on outstanding available response alternatives and as opposed to the 1983 Taylor and Leonard explanation of alcohol-increased aggression.
Effects of Type of Postage and Covering Envelope on Response Rates in a Mail Survey
Authors: Elkind Melissa , Tryon Georgiana Shick , De Vito Anthony J.
Published: September 2011

Two variables thought to influence return rates for mail surveys, type of covering envelope (plain or university printed) and type of return envelope (postage stamp or business reply) produced no statistically significant differences in return rates. Therefore, anticipated response rates and cost-effectiveness become important considerations when choosing methods for mail survey.
Bargaining for a New Car: The Knowledgeable versus the Naive Consumer
Authors: Taylor Christina J. , Dawid Sharon M.
Published: September 2011

A field experiment was conducted on the use of bargaining strategies for a new car. Confederates (3 men, 5 women) behaved as either knowledgeable or naive consumers in obtaining an initial price offer on a new Ford Mustang. In the knowledgeable consumer condition, confederates carried a price guide and asked the salesperson for a price offer on a Mustang with a specific set of options. In the naive consumer condition, the confederates did not carry a price guide and they asked the salesperson to review the available options. Each confederate obtained three price offers in each condition. As predicted, the prices obtained in the knowledgeable consumer condition were significantly lower than in the naive consumer condition.
Comparison among Four Measures of Depression in Younger and Older Alcoholics
Authors: Tamkin Arthur S. , Hyer Leon A. , Carson Mary F.
Published: September 2011

Two hypotheses were tested: (1) The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) would be less affected by age in an older alcoholic group than in a younger one. (2) In comparison with other depression scales—Beck Depression Inventory, Depression Scale of MMPI, and Dysthymic Scale of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—the Geriatric Depression Scale would be the one least affected by age in the older group. To test these hypotheses two groups were formed, containing 36 and 37 subjects, whose mean ages were 32.50 and 53.98 yr. All subjects were administered the four depression scales and tests of cognitive function. The results confirmed the first hypothesis as r was .32 between age and the Geriatric Depression Scale for the younger group and .03 for the older group. The second hypothesis was not confirmed. All four depression scales correlated nonsignificantly with age in the older group. The use of the depression scales for all ages was supported and discussed.
Confidence-Weighting and the Validity of Achievement Tests
Authors: Bokhorst Frank D.
Published: September 2011

Investigated was the criterion validity of confidence-testing as applied to a multiple-choice test in introductory psychology. Examinees made confidence judgements in addition to choosing the correct alternative. The test was scored conventionally with a penalty for guessing and again using confidence-weightings. Over-all achievement for the academic year in psychology was the criterion for validity. There was greater reliability but no improvement in validity. High test anxiety was associated with low confidence and poor achievement.
On the Theoretical Derivation of the Normal Distribution for Psychological Phenomena
Authors: Snyder Douglas M.
Published: September 2011

Though research has indicated that distributions of certain psychological phenomena such as intelligence (as it is assessed on various intelligence tests) are approximately normal as a rule, insufficient attention has been paid to the importance of theoretically deriving the normal distribution for psychological phenomena from first principles. If one accomplishes this task in a manner similar to that found in statistical mechanics and thermal physics (and I am not aware of another plausible theoretical derivation), the premise is made that randomness lies at the foundation of the psychological phenomena so described. These phenomena are in their very nature indisputably characterized by some degree of order.
Reliability Note on the Social Support Scale
Authors: Schneider Lawrence J. , Polk Nancy
Published: September 2011

This study investigated the internal reliability of Pollack and Harris's (1983) Social Support Scale and reports norms for 352 college males and 443 females. While the scale appears sufficiently reliable for research purposes, additional considerations of reliability and validity need to be addressed before clinical applications are appropriate.
Transkeian Students' Locus of Control and Academic Achievement
Authors: Mwamwenda Tuntufye S. , Mwamwenda Bernadette B.
Published: September 2011

Whether the locus of control of Transkeian students enrolled in a teachers' programme is related to their academic performance and whether there is a sex difference in locus of control were explored. There were 148 subjects (72 women and 76 men), with mean ages of 21.6 yr. for women and 23.3 yr. for men. Rotter's Locus of Control scale was given and scores students obtained on tests and a final examination in an educational psychology course were recorded. Transkeian students' performance on the Locus of Control scale is comparable to that observed in the USA. Also, internally oriented subjects outperformed the externally controlled ones on the examination. Men were mote internally oriented than women.
Alienation of Monolingual Hispanics in a Federal Correctional Institution
Authors: Bohn Martin J. , Traub Gary S.
Published: September 2011

The MMPI was administered in Spanish to 30 male monolingual Hispanic federal prisoners and readministered after an average of 115 days in confinement. Mean scores on the second administrations were higher on four clinical scales ( D, Pd, Pt, Ma), suggesting deterioration rather than improvement, in adjustment to incarceration.
Social Support and Coping Style Differences in Subjects High and Low in Interpersonal Trust
Authors: Grace Glenn D. , Schill Thomas
Published: September 2011

Subjects high in trust have been shown to cope more effectively with stress than subjects low in trust. To provide possible explanations of the process by which trust moderates the effects of stress, subjects high and low in trust were compared on a number of variables of social support and coping behavior. Although both groups were similar in the number of supportive transactions experienced in the last month, subjects high in trust viewed both friends and family as more supportive and engaged in more social support-seeking and less dysfunctional coping behavior than subjects low in trust. Apparently, an inability to benefit from and effectively utilize social support combined with a dysfunctional coping style make subjects low in trust more vulnerable to stressful negative life events than subjects high in trust.
Sex and Age Differences of Factor Pattern and Reliability of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in a Finnish Elderly Population
Authors: Kivelä Sirkka-Liisa , Pahkala Kimmo
Published: September 2011

Sex and age differences on the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale and the reliability of the scale among an elderly population of 1358 were investigated. A principal-components factor analysis was performed, and the remaining factors were rotated using the orthogonal varimax rotation algorithm. Four factors emerged for young-old (60–74 yr.) men, three for old-old (75+ yr.) men, three for young-old (60–74 yr.) women, and four for old-old (75+ yr.) women. The first factor was similar for young-old men, old-old men, and young-old women, and dealt with “loss of self-esteem”. The first factor for old-old women dealt with “agitated mood with somatic symptoms”. The second factor was also similar for young-old men, old-old men, and young-old women, and it described “agitated mood with somatic symptoms”, being similar to the first factor for old-old women. The second factor for old-old women was similar to that of the first factor (“loss of self-esteem”) for the other three groups. The third factor for young-old men and old-old women described psychomotor retardation. For young-old women the theme of the third factor was “depressed mood”, and for old-old men the predominant theme was “somatic symptoms”. Somatic symptoms were the main theme of the fourth factor for young-old men and old-old women. These results showed that there are sex and age differences in the factor structure of the scale among the elderly population. Cronbach alpha coefficients were relatively high: 0.73 for young-old men, 0.75 for old-old men, 0.72 for young-old women and 0.77 for old-old women.
Contributions to Psychohistory: X. Fetish Symbols in Playboy Centerfolds
Authors: Rosegrant John
Published: September 2011

Playboy centerfolds were assumed to represent cultural images of women. Greater numbers of fetish symbols were strongly associated with greater anatomical femaleness in centerfolds, supporting the psychoanalytic hypothesis that fetishes devalue women to alleviate the anxiety aroused by anatomical femaleness. A learning theory explanation of fetishes was not supported. Anatomical femaleness of models, measured by bust, hip, and waist size, decreased, in that from 1959 to 1970 models became decreasingly voluptuous, then using a second measure of anatomical femaleness, increased, in that from 1971 to 1985 models became increasingly genitally explicit. Fetish symbols decreased and then increased in corresponding fashion. Footwear most unambiguously symbolized fetishes.
Exploration of Effects of Divorce on the Preschool Home Inventory
Authors: Karr Sharon K. , Easley Betty
Published: September 2011

The home environments of 20 3- and 4-yr.-old, middle-class children were assessed with the preschool version of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). The two groups of 10 children were equal on maternal education, hours mother was employed outside the home, and the ages of the children. Scores on the total HOME and the Toys, Games, and Reading Materials subscale were significantly higher for the children in intact families than for the children in divorced families. The HOME scale may be useful in determining the specific environmental deficiencies in homes of divorced families.
An Attempt to Obtain Configural Correlates for the California Psychological Inventory
Authors: Shaw Dante S. , Gynther Malcolm D.
Published: September 2011

The study was designed to obtain empirical correlates of previously defined California Psychological Inventory profiles. Undergraduate females took the inventory and a biographical questionnaire. Those 54 whose profiles could be classified into groups of 10 or more were each rated by two female friends using Wiggins' Interpersonal Adjective Scales. Type 1 (“anti-social”) profiles were significantly associated with having been in trouble with the law. Subjects with Type 3 (“neurotic”) profiles obtained higher scores on the aloof-introverted scale. Few other findings were noted. Problems with the types and the study were discussed. Future work might more profitably focus on potential correlates of code-types for the inventory.
Indirect Assessment of Concern about Nuclear War
Authors: Mayton Daniel M. , Delamater Mary C.
Published: September 2011

Of 127 lower division college students who expressed concern about their future indirectly using incomplete sentences 18% mentioned nuclear war directly. Statistically significant differences were noted between this study and a similar study completed in the early 1960s. Concern about nuclear war among American college students has increased over the past 20 years.
Discriminant Function Analysis of the MC Gill Pain Questionnaire
Authors: Hand David J. , Reading Anthony E.
Published: September 2011

The performance on the McGill Pain Questionnaire was compared with an alternate version of 16 subcategories of adjectives in distinguishing among three groups of patients with pain. Both versions were administered to (a) primiparae experiencing postepisiotomy pain ( n = 60); (b) outpatients attending a rheumatology clinic ( n = 60); (c) inpatients having undergone wisdom tooth extraction ( n = 60). The order of administration was balanced, so that within each group all 60 patients received both forms of the questionnaire. A number of forms of discriminant function analysis were executed to examine the external validity of the two questionnaire formats in distinguishing among the three patient groups. There were few differences between the two versions, with sensory subcategories loading higher on discriminant functions than affective and evaluative subcategories.
Item-Difficulty Sequence in Achievement Examinations: Examinees' Preferences and Test-Taking Strategies
Authors: Allison Donald E. , Thomas David C.
Published: September 2011

Elementary, secondary school, and university students were asked for the test-taking strategy usually used in taking an achievement test and for the sequence of difficulty preferred for achievement test items. The majority preferred an easy-to-hard strategy with items in order-presented as second choice, and the hard-to-easy strategy chosen least often. No conclusions were drawn as to the effect of students' usual test-taking strategies on research with various item-difficulty sequences. The data on students' preferences for item sequences support the use of the easy-to-hard or random arrangement over the hard-to-easy.
Effects of Inter- and Intratrial Similarity in Short-Term Memory
Authors: Allen Charles K. , Fisk Roger G.
Published: September 2011

Item similarity was investigated in a short-term memory experiment using a 2 × 2 factorial design in which similarity was varied either within a trial (intratrial) or between trials (intertrial). For the intratrial conditions, items were taken from the same taxonomic category or from different categories. Likewise, for the intertrial similarity conditions, items were taken from the same category between trials or from different categories. The results indicated an interaction between conditions of inter- and intratrial similarity. For the intratrial conditions, items from the same category were recalled better than items from different categories, but for the conditions of intertrial similarity items from different categories resulted in better recall than items from the same categories.
Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectations as Determinants of Exercise Adherence
Authors: Desharnais Raymond , Bouillon Jacques , Godin Gaston
Published: September 2011

Based upon Bandura's (1977) theory of self-efficacy, this prospective research concerned the prediction of adherence to exercise in a physical fitness program. Adherence was predicted from expectations of both outcome and self-efficacy measured at the first meeting of a 22-session exercise program (two sessions per week). 98 adults of both sexes participated. After completion of the program, participants were classified as “adherers” or “dropouts” from attendance records. Analysis showed that, self-efficacy was a more central determinant of adherence than expectation of outcome, although both variables were significant cognitive mediators of adherence to exercise. At the outset of the program, potential dropouts displayed less certainty than adherers about their capacity to attend the program regularly until its completion. They also expected mote benefits from participation in the program. This suggests that the likelihood of adhering to or dropping out of a fitness program may partly reside in the individual at the outset of involvement. Based on this finding, strategies to improve adherence to exercise are proposed.
Reliability, Standard Error, and Minimum Detectable Change of Clinical Pressure Pain Threshold Testing in People With and Without Acute Neck Pain
Authors: Walton David , MacDermid Joy , Nielson Warren , Teasell Robert , Chiasson Marco , Brown Lauren
Published: September 2011

Study Design

Clinical measurement.

Objectives

To evaluate the intrarater, interrater, and test-retest reliability of an accessible digital algometer, and to determine the minimum detectable change in normal healthy individuals and a clinical population with neck pain.

Background

Pressure pain threshold testing may be a valuable assessment and prognostic indicator for people with neck pain. To date, most of this research has been completed using algometers that are too resource intensive for routine clinical use.

Methods

Novice raters (physiotherapy students or clinical physiotherapists) were trained to perform algometry testing over 2 clinically relevant sites: the angle of the upper trapezius and the belly of the tibialis anterior. A convenience sample of normal healthy individuals and a clinical sample of people with neck pain were tested by 2 different raters (all participants) and on 2 different days (healthy participants only). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement, and minimum detectable change were calculated.

Results

A total of 60 healthy volunteers and 40 people with neck pain were recruited. Intrarater reliability was almost perfect (ICC = 0.94–0.97), interrater reliability was substantial to near perfect (ICC = 0.79–0.90), and test-retest reliability was substantial (ICC = 0.76–0.79). Smaller change was detectable in the trapezius compared to the tibialis anterior.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence that novice raters can perform digital algometry with adequate reliability for research and clinical use in people with and without neck pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(9):644–650. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3666
Hydrocephalus status in spina bifida: an evaluation of variations in neuropsychological outcomes
Authors: Hampton Lyla E. , Fletcher Jack M. , Cirino Paul T. , Blaser Susan , Kramer Larry A. , Drake James , Dennis Maureen
Published: September 2011

Object

The effect of hydrocephalus status on neuropsychological outcomes in children with spina bifida (SB) has not been carefully evaluated. The authors hypothesized a stepwise progression of outcomes related to hydrocephalus status (shunt-treated, arrested, or no hydrocephalus) and that motor, spatial, and executive function tasks would be more sensitive to hydrocephalus status than vocabulary and reading tasks.

Methods

Two hundred eight children (mean age 11.2 years) with SB were grouped according to hydrocephalus status: shunt-treated hydrocephalus (166 children), arrested hydrocephalus (18 children), and no hydrocephalus (24 children). Sixty-one typically developing children were included as a control group (mean age 12.05 years). All children were tested across neuropsychological content domains, including verbal and nonverbal IQ, reading and mathematical achievement, explicit memory, visuospatial function, executive function, and motor skills.

Results

There was a stepwise progression of outcomes. Averaging across tasks, performance scores of children with SB and no hydrocephalus (mean standard score 92.60) were higher than those of children with SB and arrested hydrocephalus (mean standard score 86.86), and scores of children in the latter group were higher than those of children with SB and shunt-treated hydrocephalus (mean standard score 82.30). All 3 groups scored lower than the control group (mean standard score 105.94). Fine motor tasks best differentiated the arrested-hydrocephalus and shunt-treated groups. Verbal and executive function tasks, often associated with socioeconomic status, best differentiated the group of children with SB and no hydrocephalus from the control group.

Conclusions

With the exception of fine motor skills and small differences in memory and spatial domains, children with SB and arrested or shunt-treated hydrocephalus have similar neuropsychological profiles. Performance of all 3 groups of children with SB was below that of the control group, which also reflects the lower socioeconomic status of the children with SB.
Developmental anatomy of the atlas and axis in childhood by computed tomography
Authors: Piatt Joseph H. , Grissom Leslie E.
Published: September 2011

Object

The CT modality plays a central role in the diagnosis of cervical spine fractures. In childhood, radiolucent synchondroses between ossification centers can resemble fractures, and they can be the sites of fractures as well. Recognition of cervical spine fractures in children requires familiarity with normal developmental anatomy and common variants as they appear on CT scans.

Methods

A convenience sample of 932 CT scans of the cervical spine accessible on the picture archiving and communications system (known as PACS) at a single children's hospital was examined. Scans were excluded from further analysis if they did not include the atlantoaxial region or were otherwise technically unsatisfactory; if the patient carried the diagnosis of a skeletal dysplasia; or if there were developmental lesions noted at other levels of the spine. No more than 1 scan per patient was analyzed. Synchondroses were graded as radiolucent, not totally radiolucent but still visible, or no longer visible. Their locations and symmetries were noted. The presence or absence of the tubercles of the transverse ligament was noted as well.

Results

After exclusions, 841 studies of the atlas and 835 studies of the axis were analyzed. The 3 common ossification centers of the atlas arose in the paired neural arches and the anterior arch, but in as many as 20% of cases the anterior arch developed from paired symmetrical ossification centers. The 5 common ossification centers of the axis arose in the paired neural arches, in the basal center, in the dentate center (from which most of the dentate process develops), and in the very apex of the dentate process. The appearance of each synchondrosis was noted at sequential ages. The tubercles for the transverse ligament generally did not appear until the ossification of the synchondroses of the atlas was far advanced. Anomalies of the atlas included anterior and posterior spina bifida, absence of sectors of the posterior arch, and anomalous ossification centers and synchondroses. Anomalies of the axis were much less common. What appeared possibly to be chronic, incompletely healed fractures of the atlas were discovered on review for this analysis in 6 cases. No fractures of the axis were discovered.

Conclusions

There is substantial variation in the time course and pattern of development of the atlas, and anomalies are common. Some fractures of the atlas may escape recognition without manifest sequelae. Variation in the time course of the development of the axis is notable as well, but anomalies seem much less common.
Effect of Vitamin E on Biochemical Parameters in Albino Rats Treated with Gasoline
Authors: George M. I. , Adegoke O. A.
Published: September 2011

The study was carried out to assess the effect of antioxidant vitamin E on the toxicity caused by gasoline in albino rats. The study was carried out by monitoring the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (Alkphos), urea and creatinine in albino rats fed diet containing vitamin E to saturation and injecting gasoline intraperitoneally. It was observed that the LD100 and LD50 increased significantly in vitamin E fed rats compared to the gasoline fed rats. Also the enzymes monitored were reduced in vitamin fed rats compared with the gasoline fed rats while the kidney function improved with the vitamin E rats by the lowering of the urea and creatinine elevated by gasoline. This suggests that the vitamin E conferred some protection on the rats by its antioxidant nature. Therefore this study showed that gasoline as a free radical caused hepatotoxicity and renal damage while vitamin E can confer protection against toxicity caused by gasoline by donating an electron to stabilize the free radical and terminating the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged. Hence feeding on diet containing vitamin E should be encouraged.Keywords: Hepatotoxicity; Gasoline; Antioxidant; Enzymes.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7671                J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 651-659 (2011)
Âge, temps et normes : une analyse de la prescription pharmaceutique
Authors: Lancry Pierre-Jean , Paris Valérie
Published: September 2011

Âge, temps et normes : une analyse de la prescription pharmaceutique par Pierre- Jean Lancry et Valérie Paris

La mise en place de politiques cohérentes de régulation des dépenses de santé nécessite la définition de variables de commande susceptibles de modifier les comportements des différents acteurs (patients, producteurs de biens et services médicaux, assurance maladie et tutelle). Au sein de la consommation médicale ambulatoire, le médicament joue un rôle très important. Premier poste de dépenses, associé essentiellement à l'activité des médecins généralistes, il a été, depuis très longtemps, l'objet de mesures spécifiques. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons aux principaux déterminants de la prescription pharmaceutique. Nous présentons une analyse économétrique à partir de données sur l'offre et la pratique professionnelle (âge, sexe, activité, lieu de formation, lieu d'exercice, etc.), sur la demande (âge, sexe, taux de mortalité, etc.) et sur les conditions de marché (densité médicale, activité moyenne dans la commune, secteur conventionnel, etc.).
Enchères et externalités
Authors: Jehiel Philippe
Published: September 2011

Auctions and Externalities by Philippe Jehiel

We consider the sales of a good that produces external effects between the buyers in that an individual buyer is not indifferent as to whether or not the good is sold or whether it comes to be owned by a competitor. This paper reviews several articles dealing with this topic and shows how externalities can explain such phenomena as buyers' strategic behaviour at auctions, the seller's ability to get money from agents who will not buy the good and stalling in negotiations. We also deal briefly with cases where the good being acquired may be resold.
Théorie des jeux et économie empirique : le cas des données issues d'enchères
Authors: Laffont Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2011

Game Theory and Empirical Economics: The Case of Auction Data by Jean- Jacques Laffont

The paper is a survey of applied work with auction data. We review the main distribution free predictions of the three major game theoretic models, the identification of their stochastic structure, and their confrontation with data. We study successively, the symmetric common value model, the independent private values model, and the asymmetric value model. Conditional upon being in one of these models, game theoretic restrictions can be tested.

A major conclusion is that predictions are highly dependent on the unobservable restrictions on the distributions of charactristics. The paper concludes with a suggestion to develop structural econometrics of auction data with only a few restrictions on these distributions.
L'évolution de la structure des prix et les inégalités de niveau de vie en France de 1974 à 1995
Authors: Bodier Marceline , Cogneau Denis
Published: September 2011

L'évolution de la structure des prix et les inégalités de niveau de vie en france de 1974 à 1995

par Marceline Bodier et Denis Cogneau

Entre 1 974 et 1 995 , l' économie française a connu de forts mouvements dans les prix relatifs des biens de consommation. Pourtant ces mouvements n'ont eu qu'un impact modeste sur la redistribution du niveau de vie entre les ménages, en comparaison de la redistribution des revenus. Quoique faible, cet impact redistributif des prix relatifs peut néanmoins être jugé positif depuis 1984, surtout entre 1984 et 1989, période pendant laquelle les inégalités de revenu et la pauvreté ont beaucoup augmenté. Des études avaient montré que les changements dans la structure des taux de TVA provoqués par l'harmonisation européenne auraient un impact anti-distributif important. Celui-ci semble moindre que prévu, et il a été compensé par d'autres évolutions de prix relatifs pro-distributives. Enfin l'évolution récente des prix relatifs a également favorisé les classes d'âge les plus anciennes.
The OMERACT Psoriatic Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (PsAMRIS) Is Reliable and Sensitive to Change: Results from an OMERACT Workshop
Authors: BØYESEN PERNILLE , McQUEEN FIONA M. , GANDJBAKHCH FRÉDÉRIQUE , LILLEGRAVEN SIRI , COATES LAURA , WIELL CHARLOTTE , HAAVARDSHOLM ESPEN A. , CONAGHAN PHILIP G. , PETERFY CHARLES G. , BIRD PAUL , ØSTERGAARD MIKKEL
Published: September 2011

Objective.

The aim of this multireader exercise was to assess the reliability and sensitivity to change of the psoriatic arthritis magnetic resonance imaging score (PsAMRIS) in PsA patients followed for 1 year.

Methods.

MRI was acquired from 12 patients with PsA before initiation of treatment and after 12 months. MR images were scored according to PsAMRIS (for synovitis, tenosynovitis, periarticular inflammation, bone marrow edema, bone erosion, and bone proliferation) under standardized conditions, in unknown chronological order. Intraobserver/interobserver reliability was examined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and sensitivity to change by standardized response means (SRM).

Results.

The interobserver reliability of PsAMRIS was high for synovitis, tenosynovitis, periarticular inflammation, and bone edema status and change scores (interobserver ICC 0.87–0.97). The intraobserver reliability was moderate to high (ICC 0.60–0.98) for status and change scores, except for change in periarticular inflammation (ICC 0.33). PsAMRIS sensitivity to change was moderate for synovitis, tenosynovitis, and periarticular inflammation (SRM 0.5–0.8), while poor (SRM 0.1–0.3) for bone marrow edema, erosion, and bone proliferation. Rare occurrence and minimal change contributed to poor SRM and change-score ICC for bone parameters.

Conclusion.

This multireader exercise, performed under standardized conditions, confirmed PsAMRIS to have high interobserver and intraobserver reliability for hand PsA. Measures of inflammation were sensitive to change, implying that PsAMRIS may be a valuable tool for monitoring change in inflammation during PsA clinical trials.
Sommeil et créativité
Authors: Adant Guy
Published: September 2011

Nous passons un tiers de notre vie à dormir et chacun sait que cette expérience est capitale pour notre santé. Les liens entre créativité et sommeil sont subtils. Même si le sommeil n’a pas encore livré tous ses secrets, il est fort probable que le sommeil profond et le sommeil paradoxal nous apportent à la fois la récupération physique et un meilleur fonctionnement psychique. La créativité se nourrit des deux. Un sommeil nocturne de qualité et une sieste offrent les meilleures conditions pour favoriser l’émergence d’idées créatives. Mais une interruption de sommeil comme l’insomnie est, pour certains, une autre source pour l’imaginaire. Les états de conscience qui précèdent le sommeil ou l’éveil peuvent être aussi des moments privilégiés pour la créativité, tout comme les rêves.
Créer, s'épanouir et, pourquoi-pas, écrire à 80 ans ?
Authors: Ploton Louis
Published: September 2011

Ecrire est difficile, mais il est désormais possible de le faire par personne interposée. Ecrire dans la grande vieillesse, sous quelque forme que ce soit, est une des meilleures façons de témoigner et de laisser une trace. C’est aussi une excellente façon de faire un bilan de vie ayant des effets bénéfiques au plan psychologique.
Entre créativité, groupe et soin psychique du sujet âgé en mal de vieillir
Authors: Donaz Monique
Published: September 2011

Le temps du vieillir convoque le sujet à un travail de remaniement identitaire. Les jeux et les enjeux de la vie s’appauvrissent au-dedans de soi et s’effacent au devant de soi. Entre jeu et créativité, des espaces de soin psychique s’inaugurent. Le sujet âgé en mal de vieillir est invité à se dire autrement, au-delà des mots qui viennent à manquer. Le groupe et les objets médiateurs, argile, peinture, écritures, photos, etc., sont proposés pour qu’un processus de subjectivation puisse se déployer. L’animateur-présentateur de l’objet médiateur sera garant de l’instauration d’un processus de symbolisation au sein d’un cadre-dispositif. Un portage et un accordage institutionnel seront nécessaires pour relancer des potentialités créatrices jamais totalement détruites. De l’objet médiateur de symbolisation à l’objet de relation, ces espaces tentent de suppléer au manque à exister de ces sujets en mal d’advenir.
La créativité tout au long de la vie, l'œuvre de Simone Marye (1890-1961)
Authors: Goutain Pauline
Published: September 2011

Sculpteur animalière dans les années 1920-30 puis oubliée du monde de l’art, Simone Marye (1890-1961) se remit à la création à plus de 60 ans alors qu’elle était internée à Maison Blanche (hôpital psychiatrique parisien). À partir de 1958 et jusqu’à sa mort en 1961, elle réalisa de nombreux dessins de style enfantin qui suscitèrent l’intérêt de Jean Dubuffet et trouvèrent leur place en 1965 dans sa collection d’Art Brut ; art faisant appel « à l’invention la plus spontanée et personnelle » (Dubuffet) et non à l’habileté manuelle.
Créations picturales ou graphiques dans la maladie d'alzheimer et dans la schizophrenie
Authors: Péruchon Marion
Published: September 2011

En comparant des peintures et des dessins de sujets schizophrènes et de personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer, l’auteur dégage les points communs et les éléments de différenciation qu’il resitue dans le fonctionnement psychique propre à chaque population. L’analyse métapsychologique qui en résulte met en évidence et confirme le cheminement bien différent de la pulsion de mort dans ces deux configurations cliniques.
Heterogeneous and Tissue-Specific Regulation of Effector T Cell Responses by IFN-γ during Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection
Authors: Villegas-Mendez Ana , de Souza J. Brian , Murungi Linda , Hafalla Julius C. R. , Shaw Tovah N. , Greig Rachel , Riley Eleanor M. , Couper Kevin N.
Published: September 2011

IFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ−/− mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ−/− mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ−/− mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ–dependent environmental signals—leading to T cell apoptosis—rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells.
Epitope-Specific Human Influenza Antibody Repertoires Diversify by B Cell Intraclonal Sequence Divergence and Interclonal Convergence
Authors: Krause Jens C. , Tsibane Tshidi , Tumpey Terrence M. , Huffman Chelsey J. , Briney Bryan S. , Smith Scott A. , Basler Christopher F. , Crowe James E.
Published: September 2011

We generated from a single blood sample five independent human mAbs that recognized the Sa antigenic site on the head of influenza hemagglutinin and exhibited inhibitory activity against a broad panel of H1N1 strains. All five Abs used the VH3-7 and JH6 gene segments, but at least four independent clones were identified by junctional analysis. High-throughput sequence analysis of circulating B cells revealed that each of the independent clones were members of complex phylogenetic lineages that had diversified widely using a pattern of progressive diversification through somatic mutation. Unexpectedly, B cells encoding multiple diverging lineages of these clones, including many containing very few mutations in the Ab genes, persisted in the circulation. Conversely, we noted frequent instances of amino acid sequence convergence in the Ag combining sites exhibited by members of independent clones, suggesting a strong selection for optimal binding sites. We suggest that maintenance in circulation of a wide diversity of somatic variants of dominant clones may facilitate recognition of drift variant virus epitopes that occur in rapidly mutating virus Ags, such as influenza hemagglutinin. In fact, these Ab clones recognize an epitope that acquired three glycosylation sites mediating escape from previously isolated human Abs.
Ziegler's Indecomposability Criterion
Authors: Herzog Ivo
Published: September 2011

Ziegler’s Indecomposability Criterion is used to prove that a totally transcendental, i.e., ∑-pure injective, indecomposable left module over a left noetherian ring is a directed union of finitely generated indecomposable modules. The same criterion is also used to give a sufficient condition for a pure injective indecomposable module RU to have an indecomposable local dual
The Role of Worksite and Home Smoking Bans in Smoking Cessation among U.S. Employed Adult Female Smokers
Authors: Rose Allison , Fagan Pebbles , Lawrence Deirdre , Hart Alton , Shavers Vickie L. , Gibson James Todd
Published: September 2011

Purpose.

Examine the association of work and home smoking bans with quitting behaviors among employed female smokers in the United States.

Design.

Secondary analyses using cross-sectional data from the 2006/2007 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey.

Subjects.

Nationally representative sample of 7610 U.S. employed female smokers, aged 18 to 64 years, who reported working indoors.

Setting.

N/A.

Methods.

Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of smoking ban policies (complete work and home bans, complete work ban only, complete home ban only, and no complete work or home ban) with intention to quit in the next 30 days, at least one quit attempt in the past year, and sustained abstinence of at least 3 months in the past year.

Results.

Twenty-nine percent of women reported complete work and home smoking bans. Smoking bans were not associated with intention to quit and were marginally associated with sustained abstinence. Regardless of intention to quit, women with complete work and home bans were significantly more likely than those without complete work and home bans to report quit attempts. Among women with no intention to quit, the odds of having a quit attempt were significantly higher among women who had a complete home ban only compared with women without complete work and home bans.

Conclusions.

Efforts to promote quitting behaviors among employed female smokers may be facilitated by increasing rates of complete smoking bans at both work and home settings.
Networks Versus ICT Use: The Case of Sme From Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentine
Authors: Conicet Maria Verónica Alderete
Published: September 2011

Cooperative networks are main tools to improve the competitiveness of Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SME). This study contributes to extend the literature review about the factors that foster firms’ cooperative conduct. Apart from that, the paper examines through a LOGIT model, the firm’s characteristics, especially ICT (information and communication technologies) use, and the environment’s and partners’ characteristics that influence the probability of building alliances with other firms from the same economic activity. In particular, we find that ICT use reduces the probability of networking.
The Dimensions of IT Portfolio Management (ITPM): An Analysis Involving IT Managers in Brazilian Companies
Authors: Dolci Pietro Cunha , Maçada Antônio Carlos Gastaud
Published: September 2011

The aim of this study is to explore and validate the dimensions of IT Portfolio Management (ITPM) in Brazilian companies, based on three different models. Five case studies were carried out in Brazilian companies that invest more than nine million reals per year in IT. Eight top IT executives from those organizations who had knowledge of the dimensions of ITPM were interviewed. Items were modified and new items included within the dimensions, while examples of equipment or systems applicable to each of the four dimensions were also identified. Research that helps managers to better understand and structure their IT investments by using the dimensions of ITPM is important to assist in the management of such resources.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. The authors wish to thank CNPq and CAPES for their financial support during the development of this research.
Aplicación de las Metodologías Ágiles en el Proceso de Producción de Piezas de Arte de Nuevos Medios: Bio-Lencia como Caso de Estudio
Authors: Martínez María Teresa Gutiérrez , Herrero Concepción Pérez de Celis , Aguilar Gustavo Cossío
Published: September 2011

Inspirado en la idea original del artista plástico Alfredo Salomón y bajo el título de Bio-lencia, se creó un sistema en tiempo real que integra dos áreas del conocimiento: Arte y Computación. En este artículo analizamos, las características de la pieza como un producto de software y los retos que este tipo de productos presentan desde el punto de vista de la ingeniería de software. Presentamos una clasificación para el arte de medios inestables destacando sus características como productos de software y se realiza un ejercicio de producción de una pieza de este tipo utilizando metodologías ágiles de desarrollo. En particular discutimos la utilización de la Programación Extrema, la cual en el caso que aquí se presenta, permitió interactuar correctamente con el artista, quien es también el desarrollador principal. Se menciona también como las características de confiabilidad, robustez y tiempo de respuesta fueron de particular importancia para la correcta evaluación y funcionamiento del software que da vida a Bio-lencia. Finalmente como parte de las conclusiones se discuten los problemas y las lecciones que aprendimos durante el desarrollo de Bio-lencia.
A Theoretical Analysis of Key Points When Choosing Open Source ERP Systems
Authors: Gripe Fernando Gustavo Dos Santos , Rodello Ildeberto Aparecido
Published: September 2011

The present work is aimed at presenting a theoretical analysis of the main features of Open Source ERP systems, herein identified as success technical factors, in order to contribute to the establishment of parameters to be used in decision-making processes when choosing a system which fulfills the organization´s needs. Initially, the life cycle of ERP systems is contextualized, highlighting the features of Open Source ERP systems. As a result, it was verified that, when carefully analyzed, these systems need further attention regarding issues of project continuity and maturity, structure, transparency, updating frequency, and support, all of which are inherent to the reality of this type of software. Nevertheless, advantages were observed in what concerns flexibility, costs, and non-discontinuity as benefits. The main goal is to broaden the discussion about the adoption of Open Source ERP systems.
Resultados do 8º. CONTECSI - International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management
Authors: Riccio Edson Luiz , Sakata Marici Cristine Gramacho , Valente Nelma Terezinha Zubek
Published: September 2011

Procuramos relatar neste documento as estatísticas, os dados e a importância do 8º CONTECSI – International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management - Congresso Internacional de Gestão da Tecnologia e Sistemas de Informação, realizado nos dias 01, 02 e 03 de junho de 2011 pelo TECSI/EAC/FEA/USP na Universidade de São Paulo. Este relatório apresenta: Estatísticas do 8º CONTECSI, Justificativas e Objetivos, Programa, Sessões Plenárias, Consórcio Doutoral, Sessões paralelas de apresentação de trabalhos, Menção Honrosa e Comitês. Salientamos a grande importância do auxílio financeiro recebido da CAPES, CNPq e FAPESP e o apoio da FEA USP, ANPAD, AIS, ISACA, Université Paris Quest Nanterre La Defense, Universidade do Porto, Rutgers School/USA, São Paulo Convention Bureau, e CCINTFEA- USP.
Phospholipid inhibitors
Authors: Galli M.
Published: September 2011

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is defined by the association of arterial and/or venous thrombosis and/or pregnancy complications with the presence of at least one among the main antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) (i. e., Lupus anticoagulants, LA, IgG and/ or IgM anticardiolipin antibodies, aCL, IgG and/or IgM antiβ2-glycoprotein I antibodies, aβ2-GPI). Several clinical studies have consistently reported that LA is a stronger risk factor for both arterial and venous thrombosis compared to aCL and aβ2-GPI. In particular, LA activity dependent on the first domain of β2-GPI and triple aPL positivity are associated with the risk of thrombosis and obstetrical complications.

Asymptomatic aPL-positive subjects do not require primary thromboprophylaxis. Venous thromboembolism is the most common initial clinical manifestation of APS. To prevent its recurrence indefinite anticoagulation is recommended. Long duration treatment with warfarin or aspirin is used after a first cerebral arterial thrombosis. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) with or without aspirin is recommended to reduce the rate of obstetrical complications of APS pregnant women.
Why Should the FDA Focus on Pragmatic Clinical Research?
Authors: Abbasi Ali B. , Curtis Lesley H. , Califf Robert M.
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint from the FDA discusses how pragmatic clinical research—assessment that uses real-world data, often in combination with research data, after initial marketing approval—can help in evaluation of new technologies, benefit research sites in underresourced settings, and better inform regulatory decisions and clinical practice.