bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Ex Vivo Observation of Homologous Recombination Defect Reversal After DNA-Damaging Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Meijer Titia G. , Verkaik Nicole S. , van Deurzen Carolien H.M. , Dubbink Hendrikus-Jan , den Toom T. Dorine , Sleddens Hein F.B.M. , De Hoop Esther Oomen , Dinjens Winand N.M. , Kanaar Roland , van Gent Dik C. , Jager Agnes
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE

Biomarkers that predict response to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are required to detect PARPi sensitivity beyond germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) cancers and PARPi resistance among reverted gBRCAm cancers. Therefore, we previously developed the Repair Capacity (RECAP) test, a functional homologous recombination (HR) assay that exploits the formation of RAD51 foci in proliferating cells after ex vivo irradiation of fresh primary breast cancer tissue. The aim of the current study was to validate the feasibility of this test on histologic biopsy specimens from metastatic breast cancer and to explore the utility of the RECAP test as a predictive tool for treatment with DNA-damaging agents, such as PARPis.

METHODS

Fresh tissue biopsies from easily accessible metastatic lesions from patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer were irradiated with 5 Gy and cultured for 2 hours followed by detection of RAD51 foci presence (HR proficient) or absence (HR deficient [HRD]). HRD biopsy specimens as well as platinum/PARP-resistant specimens were subjected to BRCA1/2 sequencing.

RESULTS

RECAP had a success rate of 93% on biopsy specimens from metastatic breast cancer lesions (n = 44). Although HRD was detected in 13 (32%) of 41 specimens, only five showed a gBRCAm. In three patients with gBRCAm, post-treatment RECAP tests showed HR phenotype reversion after in vivo progressive disease on platinum and PARPi treatment, which was explained in one patient by a secondary BRCA1 mutation.

CONCLUSION

The RECAP test, which reflects real-time HR status regardless of BRCA mutations, is feasible in metastatic breast cancer biopsy specimens. Compared with gBRCA analysis, it may identify twice as many candidates for PARPi treatment.
Correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin level of patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Wei Fengyun
Published: March 2019

Objective: To explore the clinical influence of the changes of glycosylated hemoglobin level of patients with diabetes on hypertension and coronary heart disease.

Methods: One hundred and ninety-six patients between February 2015 and December 2016 were divided into a control group (96 non-diabetic patients) and an observation group (100 patients with diabetes) with or without diabetes. The biochemical indexes of patients in the two groups were compared. Moreover patients in the observation groups were divided into subgroups according to the presence of hypertension and coronary heart disease, and the level of HbA1c was compared between different subgroups.

Results: The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of patients in the two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). However, the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of patients in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS) and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and HbA1c of patients in the observation group were apparently higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The level of HbA1c of patients with hypertension was significantly higher than that without hypertension (P<0.05). The level of HbA1c of patients with coronary heart disease was apparently higher than that without coronary heart disease (P<0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis results demonstrated that the level of HbA1c of patients in the diabetes group was in a positive correlation with SBP, DBP and level of hs-CRP (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The level of HbA1c of patients with diabetes was in a positive correlation with blood pressure and level of hs-CRP. The level of HbA1c can effectively predict the occurrence of hypertension and coronary heart disease. Detecting level of glycosylated hemoglobin is of important significance in screening patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease.

How to cite this:Wei F. Correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin level of patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):454-458. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.589

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of inulin-type fructans in patients undergoing cancer treatments: A systematic review
Authors: Mazraeh Reihaneh , Azizi-Soleiman Fatemeh , Jazayeri Seyed Mohammad Hosein Mousavi , Noori Seyyed Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2019

Background and Objective: Current studies give us inconsistent results regarding the inulin consumption in cancer patients. The results of to-date studies are summarized in this systematic review.

Methods: Web of Science (Science citation index expanded), PubMed (Medline), Embase and CENTRAL Science direct, Google scholar, Scopus and Cochrane were searched. Cochrane Collaboration’s ‘Risk of Bias’ tool was used to assess the quality of included articles.

Results: Our search yielded 2652 studies after the elimination of duplicates. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), reporting results from 197 patients, were eligible for inclusion in the present systematic review. Risk of bias in these studies was assessed as high and moderate.

Conclusion: The available evidence is inconclusive regarding the effect of inulin and oligofructose on cancer outcomes. Nonetheless, possible inulin positive effects including improved stool consistency after abdomen radiotherapy and increased stool butyrate content which is involved in controlling tumor cells proliferation and apoptosis should not be denied. Further research is needed in this area before strong conclusions can be drawn.

How to cite this:Mazraeh R, Azizi-Soleiman F, Jazayeri SMHM, Noori SMA. Effect of inulin-type fructans in patients undergoing cancer treatments: A systematic review. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):575-580. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.701

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Analysis of transgenic zebrafish expressing the Lenz-Majewski syndrome gene PTDSS1 in skeletal cell lineages
Authors: Seda Marian , Peskett Emma , Demetriou Charalambos , Bryant Dale , Moore Gudrun E. , Stanier Philip , Jenkins Dagan
Published: March 2019

Background:Lenz-Majewski syndrome (LMS) is characterized by osteosclerosis and hyperostosis of skull, vertebrae and tubular bones as well as craniofacial, dental, cutaneous, and digit abnormalities. We previously found that LMS is caused byde novodominant missense mutations in the PTDSS1 gene, which encodes phosphatidylserine synthase 1 (PSS1), an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylserine. The mutations causing LMS result in a gain-of-function, leading to increased enzyme activity and blocking end-product inhibition of PSS1.

Methods:Here, we have used transpose-mediated transgenesis to attempt to stably express wild-type and mutant forms of humanPTDSS1ubiquitously or specifically in chondrocytes, osteoblasts or osteoclasts in zebrafish.

Results:We report multiple genomic integration sites for each of 8 different transgenes. While we confirmed that the ubiquitously driven transgene constructs were functional in terms of driving gene expression following transient transfection in HeLa cells, and that all lines exhibited expression of a heart-specific cistron within the transgene, we failed to detectPTDSS1gene expression at either the RNA or protein levels in zebrafish. All wild-type and mutant transgenic lines of zebrafish exhibited mild scoliosis with variable incomplete penetrance which was never observed in non-transgenic animals.

Conclusions:Collectively the data suggest that the transgenes are silenced, that animals with integrations that escape silencing are not viable, or that other technical factors prevent transgene expression. In conclusion, the incomplete penetrance of the phenotype and the lack of a matched transgenic control model precludes further meaningful investigations of these transgenic lines.
Recent advances in our understanding of the primate corticospinal system
Authors: Lemon Roger
Published: March 2019

The last few years have seen major advances in our understanding of the organisation and function of the corticospinal tract (CST). These have included studies highlighting important species-specific variations in the different functions mediated by the CST. In the primate, the most characteristic feature is direct cortico-motoneuronal (CM) control of muscles, particularly of hand and finger muscles. This system, which is unique to dexterous primates, is probably at its most advanced level in humans. We now know much more about the origin of the CM system within the cortical motor network, and its connectivity within the spinal cord has been quantified. We have learnt much more about how the CM system works in parallel with other spinal circuits receiving input from the CST and how the CST functions alongside other brainstem motor pathways. New work in the mouse has provided fascinating insights into the contribution of the CM system to dexterity. Finally, accumulating evidence for the involvement of CM projections in motor neuron disease has highlighted the importance of advances in basic neuroscience for our understanding and possible treatment of a devastating neurological disease.
Toward a paradigm shift from deficit-based to proactive speech and language treatment: Randomized pilot trial of the Babble Boot Camp in infants with classic galactosemia
Authors: Peter Beate , Potter Nancy , Davis Jennifer , Donenfeld-Peled Inbal , Finestack Lizbeth , Stoel-Gammon Carol , Lien Kari , Bruce Laurel , Vose Caitlin , Eng Linda , Yokoyama Hanako , Olds Daniel , VanDam Mark
Published: March 2019

Background: Speech or language therapy is typically initiated reactively after a child starts showing delays. Infants with classic galactosemia (CG), an inborn error of metabolism with a known high risk for both speech and language disorders, hold the keys towards evaluating whether preventive treatment is effective when the risks are known at birth.  We present pilot data from a randomized parallel trial of an innovative proactive speech and language intervention program, the Babble Boot Camp (BBC). 

Method: Five children with CG, otherwise healthy, participated in the BBC from approximately 2 to 24 months of age. One of these was randomly selected as control receiving conventional management. A pediatric speech-language pathologist met weekly via telepractice with the parents in the treatment cohort. Parents implemented the prespeech, speech, and language stimulation and expansion activities according to the protocol. The control child was still too young for conventional treatment. Primary outcome measures were speech sound production complexity in babble and speech and expressive vocabulary size. Secondary outcome measures were developmental milestones in communication, motor, and cognition. Outcomes in the treatment cohort were compared to typical children and the control child. The trial is ongoing.

Results:  All four treated children had higher speech sound skills in babble, three had higher speech sound skills in meaningful speech, two had higher expressive vocabularies, and three had higher communication and personal-social skills, compared to the control child with CG.

Discussion: Given the high risk for speech and language delays in children with CG, finding on-schedule abilities in two or more of the treated children but not the untreated child is unexpected under random conditions. The trends toward beneficial effects of the BBC on speech sound production, expressive language, and communication milestones warrant appropriately powered larger clinical trials with full randomization.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03838016 (12th February 2019).
Zone-based Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sharma Rajan , Sohi Balwinder Singh , Mittal Nitin
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes a novel zone or grid-based network deployment framework for energy efficient selection and reselection process of Zone-Head (ZH) in the WSNs. The proposed zone head reselection process ensures energy efficiency, load balancing, and stability which further prolongs the network lifetime. Instead of carrying out periodic reselection of Zone-Head (ZH) that leads to extra energy consumption and network overhead, the protocol dynamically initiates the process of reselection based on residual energy level of ZH. In the proposed approach the process is segregated into four phases; deployment phase, the zone formation phase, zone head selection phase, data transmission phase and reselection phase. We implemented the proposed algorithm in MATLAB and its result outcomes reveal that the proposed method outperforms the competitive algorithms for parameters such as load balancing, total energy consumption and network lifetime.
Analysis of Delay-Tolerant Routing Protocols using the Impact of Mobility Models
Authors: Hossen Md. Sharif , Rahim Muhammad Sajjadur
Published: March 2019

Intermittently connected mobile networks are sparsely connected wireless ad-hoc networks where there is no end-to-end path from a source device to a destination. Generally, these paths do not exist. Hence, these devices use intermittent path using the concept of the store-and-forward mechanism to successfully do the communication. These networks are featured by long delay, dissimilar data rates, and larger error rates. Hence, we see the analysis of several delay-tolerant routing protocols, e.g., epidemic, spray-and-wait, prophet, maxprop, rapid, and spray-and-focus using opportunistic network environment simulator. At first, the investigations of the above considered routing protocols are done across three mobility models namely random direction, random walk, and shortest path map based movement mobility model for node impact only. Then, we evaluate these routing protocols against the impact of message copy, buffer, and time-to-live using shortest path map considering the result of node impact. We use three metrics and the result shows that spray-and-focus deserves good performance for showing higher delivery, lower latency, and lower overhead among all routing techniques while epidemic the poor.
A Detailed Description on Unsupervised Heterogeneous Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection Framework
Authors: Hajamydeen Asif Iqbal , Udzir Nur Izura
Published: March 2019

Observing network traffic flow for anomalies is a common method in Intrusion Detection. More effort has been taken in utilizing the data mining and machine learning algorithms to construct anomaly based intrusion detection systems, but the dependency on the learned models that were built based on earlier network behaviour still exists, which restricts those methods in detecting new or unknown intrusions. Consequently, this investigation proposes a structure to identify an extensive variety of abnormalities by analysing heterogeneous logs, without utilizing either a prepared model of system transactions or the attributes of anomalies. To accomplish this, a current segment (clustering) has been used and a few new parts (filtering, aggregating and feature analysis) have been presented. Several logs from multiple sources are used as input and this data are processed by all the modules of the framework. As each segment is instrumented for a particular undertaking towards a definitive objective, the commitment of each segment towards abnormality recognition is estimated with various execution measurements. Ultimately, the framework is able to detect a broad range of intrusions exist in the logs without using either the attack knowledge or the traffic behavioural models. The result achieved shows the direction or pathway to design anomaly detectors that can utilize raw traffic logs collected from heterogeneous sources on the network monitored and correlate the events across the logs to detect intrusions.
Variation between hospitals in outcomes following cardiac surgery in the UK
Authors: Soppa G , Theodoropoulos P , Bilkhu R , Harrison DA , Alam R , Beattie R , Bleetman D , Hussain A , Jones S , Kenny L , Khorsandi M , Lea A , Mensah Ka , Hici TN , Pinho-Gomes AC , Rogers L , Sepehripour A , Singh S , Steele D , Weaver H , Klein A , Fletcher N , Jahangiri M
Published: March 2019

Introduction

We examine the influence of variations in provision of cardiac surgery in the UK at hospital level on patient outcomes and also to assess whether there is an inequality of access and delivery of healthcare. Cardiothoracic surgery has pioneered the reporting of surgeon-specific outcomes, which other specialties have followed. We set out to identify factors other than the individual surgeon, which can affect outcomes and enable other surgical specialties to adopt a similar model.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patient and hospital level factors between 2013 and 2016 from 16 cardiac surgical units in the UK were analysed through the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery of Great Britain and Ireland and the Royal College of Surgeons Research Collaborative. Patient demographic data, risks factors, postoperative complications and in-hospital mortality, as well as hospital-level factors such as number of beds and operating theatres, were collected. Correlation between outcome measures was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Associations between hospital-level factors and outcomes were assessed using univariable and multivariable regression models.

Results

Of 50,871 patients (60.5% of UK caseload), 25% were older than 75 years and 29% were female. There was considerable variation between units in patient comorbidities, bed distribution and staffing. All hospitals had dedicated cardiothoracic intensive care beds and consultants. Median survival was 97.9% (range 96.3–98.6%). Postoperative complications included re-sternotomy for bleeding (median 4.8%; range 3.5–6.9%) and mediastinitis (0.4%; 0.1–1.0%), transient ischaemic attack/cerebrovascular accident (1.7%; range 0.3–3.0%), haemofiltration (3.7%; range 0.8–6.8%), intra-aortic balloon pump use (3.3%; range 0.4–7.4%), tracheostomy (1.6%; range 1.3–2.6%) and laparotomy (0.3%; range 0.2–0.6%). There was variation in outcomes between hospitals. Univariable analysis showed a small number of positive associations between hospital-level factors and outcomes but none remained significant in multivariable models.

Conclusions

Variations among hospital level factors exists in both delivery of, and outcomes, following cardiac surgery in the UK. However, there was no clear association between these factors and patient outcomes. This negative finding could be explained by differences in outcome definition, differences in risk factors between centres that are not captured by standard risk stratification scores or individual surgeon/team performance.
Barbed affect: Bangladeshi child brides in India negotiate borders and citizenship
Authors: Mehta Rimple
Published: March 2019

This paper is based on 14 interviews with young Bangladeshi women, who in their early or late teenage years got married to Indian men. It traces their journey from their natal home in Bangladesh to their marital home in India. It focuses on the ways in which young Bangladeshi girls who ‘illegally’ cross the Indo-Bangladesh border for multiple reasons end up marrying Indian men in border villages in West Bengal. The paper explores the role of affect in the lives of these young women who negotiate, subvert and resist various norms and laws imposed on them by the family and state respectively. It brings to light the ways in which love, longing, desires of various sorts are caught in the web of securitisation of borders and criminalisation of border crossings.
EDITORIAL
Authors: De Paula Eduardo Carlos , Nunez Silvia Cristina , Eduardo Fernanda de Paula , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio
Published: March 2019

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Er-Yag Laser Root Preparation During Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft Procedures.
Authors: Kina José Ricardo , Kina Eunice Fumico Umeda , Kina Juliana , Kina Mônica
Published: March 2019

Areas of gingival recession cause either an esthetic problem and or root sensitivity. Obtaining predictable root coverage has become an important part of periodontal therapy. A deep, long – standing recession promoted by ANUG was treated using subepithelial connective tissue graft technique combined with decontamination of root surface by using Er:YAG laser. Our clinical findigs suggest that this technique is a predictable procedure to treat gingival recession and promote root decontamination.
Cognitive Mechanism of Emotional Validity Influencing Conflict Control
Authors: Zhu Zhi , Zhu Zhi , Zhu Zhi , Xu Wei , Xue Song
Published: March 2019

Conflict control is the ability to choose relevant information and ignore disturbing information in task processing. Previous studies have found that emotions have a certain influence on conflict control, and the research results of positive emotions and negative emotions affect conflict control are inconsistent. This study attempted to explore the effects of different emotional valorization on conflict control, using images of happy, fearful and sad emotional faces to investigate the effects of different emotional valorization and different emotional types on conflict control. The experiment selected 40 participants and used the variable-face Stroop paradigm. The study found that no matter what emotional task, there is a significant conflict effect. The effects of different valency on conflict control are different. All three emotions have a significant effect on conflict control, and positive emotions play a role in promoting conflict control.
Die Tour de France und die Medien - Annäherung an den Sportjournalismus im Zeitalter der Medialisierung
Authors: Ihle Holger , Nieland Jörg-Uwe
Published: March 2019

In diesem Beitrag wird das Verhältnis des Sportjournalismus zum medialisierten Sportevent »Tour de France« definiert. Die Tour ist hierfür ein geeigneter Anwendungsfall, da sie historisch als genuines Medienereignis ihren Anfang nahm - veranstaltet von einer Sportzeitung. Die öffentliche Wahrnehmung der Tour ist auch durch zahlreiche Skandale, insbesondere Dopingvergehen und deren Vertuschung, geprägt. Nicht nur die Tour, auch der Sportjournalismus hat ein angekratztes Image. Denn ihm werden häufig mangelnde Distanz zum Gegenstand, zu unterhaltsame und vor allem zu unkritische Berichterstattung vorgeworfen. Da auch andere Sportevents zunehmend medialisiert werden, sind sowohl der Journalismus als auch die Sportkommunikationsforschung zur Standortbestimmung herausgefordert. Differenzierungstheoretisch lässt sich Sportjournalismus als Teil der Sportkommunikation bestimmen. Daraus folgt, dass eine Reihe von Vorwürfen, die den Sportredaktionen in der öffentlichen Debatte gemacht werden, ins Leere laufen. Die eigentliche Funktion des Sportjournalismus bezieht sich auf die Kommunikation von fair erbrachter Leistung. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass es einerseits sehr wohl Aufgabe des Sportjournalismus ist, mögliche Dopingvergehen zu thematisieren. Es wird aber auch deutlich, warum der Sportjournalismus für die politische Debatte um die hohen Kosten für das Ausrichten des Grand Départ 2017 in Düsseldorf blind ist.
Der Sport-Medien-Komplex und die Tour de France
Authors: Tagsold Christian
Published: March 2019

Christian Tagsold analysiert in seinem Beitrag die Tour de France als eines der großen Sportereignisse mit weltweiter medialer Ausstrahlung. Die Medien berichten jedoch nicht nur über das Radrennen, sie haben vielmehr dessen Charakter über die Jahrzehnte hinweg mitbestimmt. Damit ist die Tour ein Beispiel für den Sport-Medien-Komplex, eine Theorie, die zeigt, wie sich die beiden Sphären gegenseitig bedingen und wie sie aufeinander verwiesen sind. Ein Blick hinter die Kulissen zeigt, wie dieser Sport-Medien-Komplex als Arbeitsumfeld sowohl für Sportler, Funktionäre als auch Journalisten strukturiert ist.
Europera. Zeitgenössisches Musiktheater in Deutschland und Frankreich
Authors: Lübbe Dorothea
Published: March 2019

Was ist der »State of the Art« des zeitgenössischen Musiktheaters in Deutschland und Frankreich? Dorothea Lübbes Studie fokussiert gegenwärtige Transformationen durch das künstlerische Schaffen der »neuen Macher« in beiden Ländern und die daraus entstehenden kulturpolitischen Notwendigkeiten. Die Auswahl an Fallbeispielen berücksichtigt Stadttheater sowie freie Kollektivstrukturen und zeigt deutlich, dass für ein experimentelles Arbeiten im zeitgenössischen Musiktheater und für die Zukunftsfähigkeit des Genres eine kulturpolitische Reform unumgänglich ist.
The other side of self-monitoring: Inhibition control in and out a social context
Authors: Figueira Pedro , Garcia-Marques Teresa
Published: March 2019

Sendo claro que o efeito Stroop ocorre devido a falhas nos processos de monitorização cognitivo, até ao momento desconhece-se se o traço de personalidade Automonitorização interfere com o desempenho dessa monitorização. Neste estudo opomos duas hipóteses prováveis. Se assumirmos que as funções do controlo executivo são mais ativadas pelos indivíduos com tendências de personalidade para monitorizar o seu próprio comportamento, é expectável então que indivíduos com alto nível de automonitorização tenham um desempenho onde os níveis de interferência Stroop sejam reduzidos. No entanto se assumirmos a Automonitorização como traço de personalidade que apenas monitora características socias do contexto, então pode ser que indivíduos com altos níveis de automonitorização demonstrem uma falta de recursos executivos para desempenharem a tarefa Stroop em contextos sociais que requeriam essa monitorização. Em dois estudos testamos estas hipóteses. O contexto social é manipulado quer através de uma tarefa de primação (estudo 1) quer através da manipulação da presença física de indivíduos (estudo 2). Em ambos os estudos participantes com altos e baixos níveis de automonitorização desempenharam uma tarefa de Stroop. Resultados de ambos os estudos demonstram que os indivíduos com baixos níveis de automonitorização desempenham melhor em contextos sociais do que não-sociais, enquanto os indivíduos com altos níveis de automonitorização desempenham pior em contextos sociais. Este padrão de resultados sugere que a atividade de monitorização dos indivíduos com altos níveis de automonitorização na presença de outros, interfere com a sua capacidade de controlar a interferência Stroop.
Aggregation with non-convex labor supply, unobservable effort, and efficiency wages of the no-shirking type
Authors: Vasilev Aleksandar
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this note is to explore the problem of non-convex labor supply decision in an economy with imperfect observability of work effort, and the need to use effciency wages to prevent shirking as in Shapiro and Stiglitz 1984. In addition, the paper and explicitly performs the aggregation presented in Vasilev 2017 without a formal proof, and thus provide - starting from micto-foundations - the derivation of the expected utility functions used for the aggregate household. We show how lotteries as in Rogerson 1988 can be used to convexify consumption sets, and aggregate over individual preferences. With a discrete labor supply decisions, the elasticity of aggregate labor supply increases from unity to infinity.
Karol Poznański, Wybrane zagadnienia z historii wychowania. Cz. 2, Warszawa 2006, Wydawnictwo Akademii Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej w Warszawie, ss. 247
Authors: Wałęga Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

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Geneza i początki działalności Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk. W 150 rocznicę powstania
Authors: Głowacka-Sobiech Edyta
Published: March 2019

The article presented recalls the 150th anniversary of foundation of Poznan Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences (Pol. abbr. PTPN). In the time of national enslavement, it was the most important cultural and scholarly institution for the residents of the Prussian partition. It was also a substitute of a university, which the inhabitants of Poznan demanded so much. PTPN was a carrier of university ideas advocated by the most prominent people of Great Poland of that period: count Tytus Dzialynski, archbishop Leon Przyluski, the social activists: August Cieszkowski and Karol Libelt.
Chinese Geopolitics in Southeast Asia: A New Pattern of Economic Power within ASEAN?
Authors: Wrobel Ralph Michael
Published: March 2019

Southeast Asia is of highest geostrategic interest for China as a rising Great Power as well as for the U.S. and its ally Japan. Since the “Pivot to East Asia” of the Obama administration in Washington in 2011 observers are discussing a “New Great Game” in the region. But has China already established a “backyard” by its economic activities in Southeast Asia and in particular in ASEAN countries? What is the spatial pattern of China’s activities? As an analysis of FDI stocks as well as trade related data show ASEAN countries can be divided into several groups. (1) China’s small neighbour Laos dominated by Chinese FDI. (2) Countries like Cambodia and Myanmar partly dominated by Chinese FDI. (3) Countries with different trade ties to China but mostly strong military or diplomatic ties to the U.S. like Singapore, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and (4) the independent Brunei Darussalam. Therefore, Southeast Asia and in particular ASEAN cannot be called a Chinese “backyard” yet. But if U.S. president Trump withdraws the U.S. attention from the region China could be able to achieve a hegemonic position in the region soon.
Neo-Liberal Economic Reform, Social Change, and Inequality in the Post-Crisis Period in South Korea
Authors: Shin Kwang-Yeong
Published: March 2019

This paper attempts to explore the dynamics of inequality in the post-financial crisis period, which has been reshaping the lifeworld in South Korea. The neo-liberal economic reform in the post-crisis period has drastically affected income distribution, generating working poor and large marginalized social groups. The sharp rise of income inequality has been conducive to an unprecedented social crisis associated with the lowest birth rate and the highest poverty rate of the elderly in the world. Under the poor South Korean welfare system, the increase in precarious employment and rising inequality and poverty have undermined the social fabric, generating a drastic increase in suicide, family dissolution, and social distrust.
Unfertige Studien 5: Angeberei und Sufikleidung
Authors: van Ess Josef
Published: March 2019

The article is concerned with the Masāʾil fī aʿmāl al-qulūb wa-l-jawāriḥ (“Questions concerning the acts of the heart and the limbs”) by al-Muḥāsibī (d. 247 AH/853 CE). It contains a translation and a commentary of a part of the work that deals with the meaning of the term shuhra. The word is used in the sense of “to attract attention”. A repeated example is the woolen dress of the ṣūfīs, by which they distinguish themselves from the common people. Other examples are men dressed like women or women dressed like men. As in his other works, al-Muḥāsibī concentrates on the intention of an action, rather than on the action itself. To attract attention is not sinful as such, but when it is driven by a histrionic disorder, it begins to be. The text introduces the reader into a virtual discussion in which different traditional views of the matter are brought forward. According to a liberal attitude, everything which is not explicitly forbidden by Qurʾān and Sunna should be regarded as allowed. But by distinguishing between the customs of different epochs – pre-Islamic times, early Islamic times, the author’s present day – the same action could be considered correct or sinful depending upon when it happened. However, according to another view, the customs of the first Islamic community can never become wrong. With this, the direction of argumentation shifts towards fundamentalism. This view was held by al-Muḥāsibī himself, for whom the ideal of the early Islamic community stands above all.
The Philosophical Proof for God’s Existence between Europe and the Islamic World: Reflections on an Entangled History of Philosophy and Its Contemporary Relevance
Authors: Rudolph Ulrich , Seidel Roman
Published: March 2019

The Argument for God’s Existence is one of the major issues in the history of philosophy. It also constitutes an illuminating example of a shared philosophical problem in the entangled intellectual histories of Europe and the Islamic World. Drawing on Aristotle, various forms of the argument were appropriated by both rational Islamic Theology (kalām) and Islamic philosophers such as Avicenna. Whereas the argument, reshaped, refined and modified, has been intensively discussed throughout the entire post-classical era, particularly in the Islamic East, it has likewise been adopted in the West by thinkers such as the Hebrew Polymath Maimonides and the Medieval Latin Philosopher and Theologian Thomas Aquinas. However, these mutual reception-processes did not end in the middle ages. They can be witnessed in the twentieth century and even up until today: On the one hand, we see a Middle Eastern thinker like the Iranian philosopher Mahdī Ḥāʾirī Yazdī re-evaluating Kant’s fundamental critique of the classical philosophical arguments for God’s existence, in particular of the ontological proof, and refuting the critique. On the other hand, an argument from creation brought forward by the Islamic Theologian and critic of the peripatetic tradition al-Ghazāli has been adopted by a strand of Western philosophers who label their own version “The Kalām-cosmological Argument”. By discussing important cornerstones in the history of the philosophical proof for God’s existence we argue for a re-consideration of current Eurocentric narratives in the history of philosophy and suggest that such a transcultural perspective may also provide inspiration for current philosophical discourses between Europe, the Middle East and beyond.
Gender Discrimination in Exam Grading? Double Evidence from a Natural Experiment and a Field Experiment
Authors: Rangvid Beatrice Schindler
Published: March 2019

Grading bias against boys may be one of the reasons why boys underperform in school compared to girls. This study assesses the causal effect of blind grading of boys relative to girls using difference-in-differences methods and exploiting two separate identification strategies: a unique full cohort natural experiment providing exogenous variation in blind grading, and a field experiment where the exact same exam papers are scored twice (blind and non-blind). Even though the two strategies hinge on different assumptions, the results persistently suggest against the existence of systematic gender biases in non-blind evaluation. The results are robust to different model specifications.
Diagnostic uncertainty: from education to communication
Authors: Santhosh Lekshmi , Chou Calvin L. , Connor Denise M.
Published: March 2019

Diagnostic uncertainty is common in clinical practice and affects both providers and patients on a daily basis. Yet, a unifying model describing uncertainty and identifying the best practices for how to teach about and discuss this issue with trainees and patients is lacking. In this paper, we explore the intersection of uncertainty and expertise. We propose a 2 × 2 model of diagnostic accuracy and certainty that can be used in discussions with trainees, outline an approach to communicating diagnostic uncertainty with patients, and advocate for teaching trainees how to hold such conversations with patients.
Methods of habitat reports’ evaluation
Authors: Harasymiuk Jolanta , Hanna Szafranko Elżbieta , Tyburski Jan
Published: March 2019

A building investment, especially in nature valuable areas, is almost always inseparable with a bigger or smaller environmental interference. For a few years there are legal regulations created to protect these areas. One of them is the requirement to conduct a habitat evaluation and to prepare a habitat report if there is a indication of significant impact on the Natura 200 site. The quality of such a report is crucial for completion an investment in a chosen localisation as well as for shortening a preparation stage with respect to environmental requirements. A defective report can result in a agreement refusal of investment completion conditions of an investment by an authorised body, and can be a reason for protests of a community which is affected by the planned investment. A well-made report, on the other hand, results in a smooth acceptance of the project without the need for consultation of the investor with the proceeding body and saving the cost of correction of a defective documentation. An review of the literature done by the authors and the talks carried out with the staff making an assessment of reports of an impact on Natura 2000 sites showed the lack of common use in practise of a formalised set of criteria of evaluation of such documents. The aim of the study was to prepare a set of evaluation criteria for reports on environmental impact on Natura 2000 sites. The set was tested on already made reports and it showed their basic omissions and disparities. The set prepared can be used by an investor in the course of making a report. It can be also a useful tool for a verifying clerk while evaluating a report for its completeness and adequacy. On the basis of the prepared set of evaluation criteria, a procedure was proposed allowing an impartial verification of reports. As a result of analyses made, a procedure was worked out which is presented in the diagram concluding this paper.
On a Stochastic Regularization Technique for Ill-Conditioned Linear Systems
Authors: Moura Henrique Gomes , Junior Edson Costa , Lenzi Arcanjo , Rispoli Vinicius Carvalho
Published: March 2019

Knowledge about the input–output relations of a system can be very important in many practical situations in engineering. Linear systems theory comes from applied mathematics as an efficient and simple modeling technique for input–output systems relations. Many identification problems arise from a set of linear equations, using known outputs only. It is a type of inverse problems, whenever systems inputs are sought by its output only. This work presents a regularization method, called random matrix method, which is able to reduce errors on the solution of ill-conditioned inverse problems by introducing modifications into the matrix operator that rules the problem. The main advantage of this approach is the possibility of reducing the condition number of the matrix using the probability density function that models the noise in the measurements, leading to better regularization performance. The method described was applied in the context of a force identification problem and the results were compared quantitatively and qualitatively with the classical Tikhonov regularization method. Results show the presented technique provides better results than Tikhonov method when dealing with high-level ill-conditioned inverse problems.
A Framework for Exploring Heterogeneity in University Business Incubators
Authors: Nicholls-Nixon Charlene L. , Valliere Dave
Published: March 2019

Globally, business incubators and accelerators have been embraced as important mechanisms to support the growth and development of new ventures. Several typologies have been proposed as a means of classifying their alternate forms. Within these typologies university business incubators (UBIs) are often recognized as a separate, but homogeneous class. Yet taking an isomorphic approach fails to acknowledge that differences among UBIs have implications for how they function and how their performance should be evaluated. Performance evaluation is an important issue as universities come under increasing pressure to demonstrate that the public funding they receive in support of their incubation activities is being put to good use. This paper offers a new perspective for the study of UBIs that focuses on their heterogeneity. We develop a framework that posits two competing narratives for UBIs, commercial and educational, that represent extremes on a continuum where hybrid configurations are also possible. Our framework demonstrates that these narratives offer a systematic explanation of differences in UBIs, have implications for performance evaluation, and suggest directions for future research aimed at advancing our understanding of variation in the way UBIs are configured and managed.
The impact of arthritis on the educational and early work experiences of young people: a qualitative secondary analysis
Authors: Farre Albert , Ryan Sara , McNiven Abigail , McDonagh Janet E.
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Young people’s transition into adulthood is intertwined with the worlds of education and work. Poor health in adolescence has been associated with poorer education and employment outcomes in adulthood. This paper explores the impact of arthritis on the educational and early work experiences of young people with arthritis.

Methods

We undertook a supplementary secondary analysis of a qualitative dataset comprising narrative and semi-structured interviews of 39 young people who had been diagnosed with arthritis in childhood, adolescence or young adulthood.

Results

Our findings illustrate how young people living with arthritis are faced with a range of added disruptions and challenges in their educational/vocational lives. There is an important element of resilience associated with the process of making a career choice and acting upon personal aspirations. Appropriate support and flexibility in the workplace/educational setting can enable successful outcomes, but disclosure is not a straightforward process for young people living with arthritis.

Conclusions

It is paramount that health providers consistently and effectively address self-advocacy skills with the young person, particularly during educational and vocational transitions. Alongside this, there is the need to further strengthen the health-school/work interface to ensure that young people living with chronic illness can meet their full potential in adulthood.
Fractional Navier–Stokes Equation from Fractional Velocity Arguments and Its Implications in Fluid Flows and Microfilaments
Authors: El-Nabulsi Rami Ahmad
Published: March 2019

A new fractional Navier–Stokes equation is constructed based on the notion of fractional velocity recently introduced in the literature. Its implications in fluid mechanics were discussed. In particular, the Couette and the Poiseuille flows and some insights of fluid flow in microfilaments were addressed accordingly.
Ultrasound-guided lymphangiography and interventional embolization of chylous leaks following esophagectomy
Authors: Lambertz Rolf , Chang De-hua , Hickethier Tilman , Bagheri Mahsa , Leers Jessica M. , Bruns Christiane J. , Schröder Wolfgang
Published: March 2019

Objectives

Postoperative chylothorax is a serious complication after transthoracic esophagectomy, and is associated with major morbidity due to dehydration and malnutrition. For patients with high-output fistula, re-thoracotomy with ligation of the thoracic duct is the treatment of choice. Radiologic interventional management is an innovative procedure that has the potential to replace surgery in the treatment algorithm.

Methods

Four patients with high-output chylous leaks following esophagectomy are presented. Ultrasound-guided lymphangiography with embolization of the thoracic duct and/or disruption of the cisterna chyli was performed to occlude the leakage site. Radiologic interventions and procedure-related outcomes are described in detail.

Results

In all four patients, ultrasound-guided lymphangiography of the groin with injection of Lipiodol was able to detect and visualize the leakage site in the lower mediastinum. In three patients, the leak could be successfully occluded by Lipiodol embolization. In one patient, embolization failed and the disruption technique was successfully performed. No procedure-related complications were observed.

Conclusions

In case of a postoperative chylothorax, radiologic intervention is feasible and safe. The procedure is indicated for high-output chylous fistulas after esophagectomy, and should be applied early after the diagnosis of this postoperative complication.
METTL3 promotes the proliferation and mobility of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Lin Sen , Liu Jianing , Jiang Wen , Wang Peng , Sun Chao , Wang Xuexiang , Chen Yuan , Wang Hongbo
Published: March 2019

Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) was originally known to be responsible for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA. Recent studies have found that METTL3 plays important roles in a variety of tumors by regulating the translation of oncogenes. However, the functional and regulating mechanisms of METTL3 in human gastric cancer have not yet been understood. Here we knocked down METTL3 in human gastric cancer cell lines, AGS and MKN45, by using shRNA transfection. RT-qPCR assay and western blotting verified the effectiveness of RNA interference on mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Then we found that METTL3 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in AGS and MKN45 cells. Moreover, METTL3 knockdown decreased Bcl2 and increased Bax and active Caspase-3 in gastric cancer cells, which suggested the apoptotic pathway was activated. Mechanistic investigation suggested that METTL3 led to inactivation of the AKT signaling pathway in human gastric cancer cells, including decreased phosphorylation levels of AKT and expression of down-stream effectors p70S6K and Cyclin D1. In conclusion, our study reveals that down-regulation of METTL3 inhibits the proliferation and mobility of human gastric cancer cells and leads to inactivation of the AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that METTL3 may be a potential target for the treatment of human gastric cancer.
Mass transfer around a slender drop in a nonlinear extensional flow
Authors: Favelukis Moshe
Published: March 2019

Mass transfer around a slender drop in a nonlinear extensional and creeping flow is theoretically studied. The fluid mechanics problem is governed by three dimensionless parameters: The capillary number (Ca≫ 1), the viscosity ratio (λ≪ 1), and the nonlinear intensity of the flow (|E| ≪ 1). The transfer of mass around such a drop is studied for the two asymptotic cases of large and zero Peclet numbers (Pe). The results show that as the capillary number increases, the drop becomes longer, thinner, its surface area increases, leading to larger mass transfer rates, especially at large Peclet numbers, since then convection contributes to the overall mass transfer as well. Taking a slender inviscid drop (λ= 0) in a linear extensional flow (E= 0) as our reference case, we find that the addition of nonlinear effects to the flow sometimes increases (Eλ−1Ca−2< 64/9) and sometimes decreases (Eλ−1Ca−2> 64/9) the rate of mass transfer.