bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reexamining the influence of large clients on office-level auditor reporting decisions
Authors: Lim Lucy
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– This paper revisits the Reynolds and Francis’ (2001) study via the use of a more current dataset, incorporation of improvements into the accrual model and the use of actual fee data vs estimates. Using the improved analyses, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether more conservative auditors’ reports on larger clients are still evident.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper follows Reynolds and Francis (2001) in using a regression model with White-adjusted t-statistics for the discretionary accrual model and a logistic model for going concern analysis. The most current discretionary accrual model is used to improve the original model, use actual fee data (not available previously), and add analyses using the two components of total fees (i.e. audit and non-audit fees).

Findings

– As opposed to Reynolds and Francis (2001), the results show that the Big Five auditors are less conservative with higher-paying clients as they allow their clients to have more discretionary accruals. While Reynolds and Francis (2001) found that auditors are more likely to report going concern opinions for higher-paying clients, the results in this paper does not show any difference in the propensity of auditors to issue going concern opinions.

Originality/value

– This study replicates Reynolds and Francis (2001) using more recent US data, applying the most recent discretionary accrual model, using the actual fee data, and adding analyses using total fees decomposition.
How co-creation uplift suggestion systems’ performance
Authors: Gohary Ali , Alizadeh Hamid , Heidarzadeh Hanzaee Kambiz
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– Suggestion systems have always been used as the means of continuous development and co-creating values among the employees of organizations. On the other hand, the co-creation has been introduced as a solution to co-create values between companies and customers. Since a simultaneous study on setting up suggestion systems and co-creation among employees and customers have been ignored so far, the purpose of this paper, focussing on the combination of two strategies of suggestion systems (generally more effective among the employees of organizations) and co-creation (studied so far merely the scope of customers), is to evaluate variables leading to intention to use, improvement in understanding the concept of justice, and positive word-of-mouth.

Design/methodology/approach

– Two between-subjects experiments were carried out to explore the interactional role of co-creation, reward, and time in efficiency of suggestion systems. The first study which was carried out among customers analyzed the effect of setting up suggestion systems along with co-creation on the amount of their intention to use this system in the future and positive word-of-mouth. The second study discussed the effect of setting up suggestion systems along with co-creation on the level of understanding organizational justice and commitment.

Findings

– The results indicate that the effectiveness of co-creation and tangible factors, such as offered reward, on improving the evaluation of suggestion system. In the other word, when firm’s encourage customers to participate in value co-creation program in suggestion system, they perceive more justice and intend to participate more in such program in future.

Originality/value

– Most of the previous studies carried out on co-creation considered its effectiveness on occasions when a service failure occurs to consumers and the service provider urgently needs service recovery, but this paper aimed to provide a collaborative perspective toward co-creation through suggestion system that puts emphasis on service experience, innovation, and intention to future participation in such programs.
The Western Australian Art and Crafts Superintendents’ advocacy for years k-12 Visual Arts in education
Authors: Lummis Geoffrey William , Morris Julia Elizabeth , Lock Graeme
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to record Visual Arts education in Western Australia (WA) as it underwent significant change between 1967 and 1987, in administration, policy, curriculum and professional development.

Design/methodology/approach

– A narrative inquiry approach was utilized to produce a collective recount of primary Visual Arts teacher education, based on 17 interviews with significant advocates and contributors to WA Visual Arts education during the aforementioned period.

Findings

– This paper underscores the history of the role of Western Australian Superintendents of Art and Crafts and the emergence of Visual Arts specialist teachers in primary schools, from the successful establishment of a specialist secondary Visual Arts program at Applecross Senior High School, to the mentoring of generalist primary teachers into a specialist role, as well as the development and implementation of a new Kindergarten through to Year 7 Art and Crafts Syllabus. It also discusses the disestablishment of the WA Education Department’s Art and Crafts Branch (1987).

Originality/value

– The history of primary Visual Arts specialists and advocacy for Visual Arts in WA has not been previously recorded. This history demonstrates the high quality of past Visual Arts education in WA, and questions current trends in pre-service teacher education and Visual Arts education in primary schools.
“Among the Boer Children”
Authors: Anae Nicole
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– There exists no detailed account of the 40 Australian women teachers employed within the “concentration camps” established by British forces in the Orange River and Transvaal colonies during the Boer War. The purpose of this paper is to critically respond to this dearth in historiography.

Design/methodology/approach

– A large corpus of newspaper accounts represents the richest, most accessible and relatively idiosyncratic source of data concerning this contingent of women. The research paper therefore interprets concomitant print-based media reports of the period as a resource for educational and historiographical data.

Findings

– Towards the end of the Boer War in South Africa (1899-1902) a total of 40 Australian female teachers – four from Queensland, six from South Australia, 14 from Victoria and 16 from New South Wales – successfully answered the imperial call conscripting educators for schools within “concentration camps” established by British forces in the Orange River and Transvaal colonies. Women’s exclusive participation in this initiative, while ostensibly to teach the Boer children detained within these camps, also exerted an influential effect on the popular consciousness in reimagining cultural ideals about female teachers’ professionalism in ideological terms.

Research limitations/implications

– One limitation of the study relates to the dearth in official records about Australian women teachers in concentration camps given that; not only are Boer War-related records generally difficult to source; but also that even the existent data is incomplete with many chapters missing completely from record. Therefore, while the data about these women is far from complete, the account in terms of newspaper reports relies on the existent accounts of them typically in cases where their school and community observe their contributions to this military campaign and thus credit them with media publicity.

Originality/value

– The paper’s originality lies in recovering the involvement of a previously underrepresented contingent of Australian women teachers while simultaneously offering a primary reading of the ideological work this involvement played in influencing the political narrative of Australia’s educational involvement in the Boer War.
Reducing the intention-to-behaviour gap for locally produced foods purchasing
Authors: Campbell Jeffrey M. , Fairhurst Ann E.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The study regarding retail grocery considers the mediating effect of store atmospheric responsiveness (SAR) on the relationship of purchase intentions (PI) and extent of purchase (EP) for locally produced foods as well as potential moderators of trust and price consciousness (PC). The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study used survey methodology of 755 grocery store shoppers for locally produced foods and structural equations modelling to test proposed relationships.

Findings

– A significant positive relationship between PI and EP for locally produced foods exists and that SAR mediated the relationship. Trust was found to moderate the relationship of PI and EP, while PC moderated the SAR to EP.

Research limitations/implications

– The use of a survey methodology which may lack generalizability. Customers may report desired vs actual intentions or behaviours, and the sample included a large majority of female and Caucasian shoppers. The framework can serve as a guide for future research on store atmospherics in retail grocery.

Practical implications

– In-store atmospheric factors are important to customer PI and their EP behaviours for locally produced foods. Trust of store and PC are also important. Results may aid managers in determining appropriate in-store “atmospheric” variables to help support customer decision making as they grocery shop.

Originality/value

– This paper adds value to the literature by considering the role of the store environment on behavioural outcomes like EP of locally produced foods and adds a unique perspective by creating a combined assessment of store atmospherics and individual consumer traits in the grocery shopping domain.
Advance selling strategies for oligopolists by considering product diffusion effect
Authors: Li Xuemei , Xu Xiaoyan , Sun Yanhong
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to study the advance selling strategies for oligopolists when considering the product diffusion effect.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors consider a market that composes of two competitive sellers who are different in their reputation. The two firms sell the same product in the market over two periods (i.e. the advance selling season and the regular selling season). Due to the effect of product diffusion, the demand of each firm in the regular selling season is dependent on the two firms’ advance demands.

Findings

– For the firm with lower reputation, it is beneficial to decrease the advance selling price with the diffusion effect caused by its advance demand. For the firm with higher reputation, it is also beneficial to decrease the advance selling price with the diffusion effect caused by its advance demand if the consumers’ enthusiasm for the product in regular selling season is high enough; otherwise it should not decrease his advance selling price since this practice cannot greatly increase his demand.

Practical implications

– The obtained results can provide operational managers in reality with valuable suggestions in making advance selling decisions.

Originality/value

– The paper is among the first to investigate the impact of product diffusion effect on a firm’s advance selling strategy in a competitive setting.
Authentic leadership and employee knowledge sharing behavior
Authors: Edú-Valsania Sergio , Moriano Juan Antonio , Molero Fernando
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relations of authentic leadership (AL) with employee knowledge sharing behavior and intervening processes.

Design/methodology/approach

– A correlational study is presented with a sample of 562 workers belonging to diverse Spanish organizations.

Findings

– The results obtained by means of multiple regression analysis showed positive associations of AL on employees’ knowledge sharing behavior. Specifically, the effect on these employee behaviors was fully mediated by the group innovation climate, and partially by their identification with the workgroup.

Research limitations/implications

– Future works should study this association in depth and examine possible differential relationships of AL on diverse types employee knowledge, explicit, and implicit, proposed by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995).

Practical implications

– The study indicates the type of leadership that should be developed in organizations, and the type of processes and environments to foster in the work units to stimulate acts of sharing knowledge among the members.

Originality/value

– This is the first study examining innovation group climate and workgroup identification as mediators between AL with employee knowledge sharing behavior.
A question of identity: understanding managers’ receptivity to learning
Authors: Warhurst Russell
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop understanding of the theory of identity-work and to then deploy this understanding in examining managers’ identity-work. These understandings provide a basis for appreciating managers’ receptivity to learning and, in turn, for considering the likely efficacy of management development.

Design/methodology/approach

– A qualitative, photo-elicitation interview research study is detailed in which managers’ accounts of being a manager were generated.

Findings

– The accounts of a sample of managers are analysed through the lens of identity-work using a range of narrative analysis techniques. The findings of the study reveal the use of six distinct types of identity-work that have potential for explicating managers’ receptivity for learning.

Research limitations/implications

– The strengths of the qualitative research approach are expounded but certain limitations are acknowledged and therefore opportunities for extending the research trajectory are proposed. Specific implications for training and development practice are developed.

Originality/value

– The study contributes to the literature of workplace learning and HRD by showing the potential of understanding identity for appreciating managers’ receptivity to learning and, thereby, the efficacy of management development activity.
Probing the interactive effects of career commitment and emotional intelligence on perceived objective/subjective career success
Authors: Sultana Razia , Yousaf Amna , Khan Iram , Saeed Abubakr
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to find out the moderating role of emotional intelligence (EI) in the relationship between career commitment and career success of the bank employees working in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study used ex post facto method where 200 middle-level managerial bank employees were surveyed by means of a close-ended questionnaire. Moderated multiple regression was run to test the hypotheses.

Findings

– As expected, the research findings confirmed the expectation of significant relationship between career commitment and objective/subjective career success. Further, the research findings bolstered one of the research postulates that EI will moderate career commitment-objective career success relationship. However the argument of EI’s moderation between career commitment-subjective career success relationship was not supported by the findings.

Originality/value

– This paper adds value to the existing body of knowledge by augmenting the need of understanding the distinctiveness of objective and subjective career success. The study unveils the importance of devising separate mechanisms to cater both the objective and subjective career success needs of the employees and enhances the scope of career literature in South Asian settings.
Host‐adapted aphid populations differ in their migratory patterns and capacity to colonize crops
Authors: Eigenbrode Sanford D. , Davis Thomas S. , Adams Jennifer R. , Husebye Damon S. , Waits Lisette P. , Hawthorne David
Published: May 2016

Although phytophagous insects can vary genetically in host use and exhibit long‐range movements, the combined implications of these phenomena for pest management have received limited attention.

To address this, we surveyed the genetic diversity of pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum using twelve microsatellite loci and assessed host association patterns and annual movement from a putative source region (Columbia River Basin) to the Palouse region of northern Idaho and western Washington, where the aphid is a pest of pea Pisum sativum.

A total of 320 identified unique genotypes clustered into four genetic groups, with two host plant associations: alfalfa Medicago sativa (three genetic groups), and pea Pisum sativum and vetch Vicia villosa (one genetic group). All four genetic groups occurred in the Columbia River Basin and in migrant aphids collected in pan traps during spring colonization in the Palouse during 2 years of this study. Patterns of group arrival on the Palouse were spatially structured early in the season, consistent with differing migration patterns. Despite genetic diversity of migrants, a single genetic group became predominant in pea crops each year.

Clonal laboratory colonies of pea aphids established from field‐collected specimens and representing two predominant genetic groups exhibited reciprocal performance trade‐offs, with alfalfa being a poor host for a pea‐associated aphid genotype and vice versa.

Synthesis and applications. Annual spring migrants of pea aphids in the pea production region of the Palouse are genetically diverse, with different host plant affinities consistent with origination from source populations in the Columbia River Basin. As the season progresses, a single genetic group adapted to pea becomes predominant in the crop. Management of pea aphid in the Palouse will be improved by monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of specific genetic groups of the aphid arriving as immigrants during each crop season, providing this information to producers and adjusting estimates of risk of crop damage accordingly. The principle could apply to other pest species with host‐adapted populations that colonize crops on an annual basis.
Methane production from thermophilic co‐digestion of dairy manure and waste milk obtained from therapeutically treated cows
Authors: Beneragama Nilmini , Iwasaki Masahiro , Umetsu Kazutaka
Published: May 2016

Methane production from co‐digestion of dairy manure and waste milk, milk from cows treated with antibiotics for mastitis, was tested in a 2 × 4 factorial design. Four different waste milk percentages (w/w): 0% (SM), 10% (SMWM10), 20% (SMWM20) and 30% (SMWM30), were tested with two slurry percentages (w/w): 50% (A) and 25% (B) and the rest being manure at 55°C for 12 days in batch digesters. The results analyzed using a Gompertz model showed SMWM10 produced the highest methane production potential (Pm)/g volatile solids added followed by SM in both A and B. This Pm of SMWM10 in A and B was statistically non‐significant (P > 0.05). More than 96% of cefazolin‐resistant bacteria and 100% of multi‐drug‐resistant bacteria reductions were observed in all the treatments. Inclusion of waste milk at 10% in single stage digester enhances the methane production from dairy manure and could offer added benefit of waste milk treatment and disposal.
ENTRY AND IMPORT QUOTA
Authors: Tsai Ming‐Fang , Chiou Jiunn‐Rong
Published: May 2016

An import quota set stricter than the free trade level is quite common for the domestic entry protection. However, this paper shows that as the products are vertically differentiated, an import quota that is simply set at the original free trade level could be effective on entrant protection. This quota policy also improves both consumer surplus and total domestic welfare, which is in sharp contrast to the implications of existing literature. Our result suggests that an import quota has a stronger protection effect on domestic production if the domestic and foreign products are vertically differentiated.
Ischemic fasciitis: enhanced diagnostic resolution through clinical, histopathologic and radiologic correlation in 17 cases
Authors: Lehmer Larisa M. , Moore Johanna B. , Ragsdale Bruce D.
Published: May 2016

Ischemic fasciitis is a pseudosarcomatous nodule or mass resulting from sustained or repeated pressure and consequent ischemia of soft tissue. Fibrin and hemorrhage expand its hypocellular epicenter bordered by enlarged (atypical, ischemic) fibroblasts and reactive vascular prominence resulting in diagnostically important histologic zonation. Although classically in bedridden patients, ischemic fasciitis owing to posture‐related intermittent pressure in ambulatory adults is not well characterized; there has not been a thorough review of its presentation in ambulatory patients in the dermatology/dermatopathology literature. This article reviews the clinical, pathologic and radiologic presentation of 17 cases of ischemic fasciitis diagnosed over a 14‐year period. Eighty‐six percent of the six cases submitted by non‐dermatologists were limb girdle/trunk lesions averaging 6.7 cm in greatest diameter while 90% of the eleven lesions submitted by dermatologists were elbow and forearm lesions averaging 2.3 cm. In no case was the diagnosis anticipated pre‐biopsy by clinician or radiologist. Dermatologists submitted the majority of cases. Because ischemic fasciitis may simulate soft tissue sarcoma clinically and histologically, diagnosis helps prevent overtreatment. Zonal histopathologic structure may be shown by any form of biopsy and should motivate correlation with available radiologic studies. Importantly, determining a history of postural pressure at the site confirms the histopathologic diagnosis and avoids unnecessary excision.
Reflections on the Functional Communication Classification System for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Hustad Katherine C
Published: May 2016

This commentary is on the original article by Barty et al. on pages 1036–1041 of this issue.
Rates and predictors of hypoglycaemia in 27 585 people from 24 countries with insulin‐treated type 1 and type 2 diabetes: the global HAT study
Authors: Khunti K. , Alsifri S. , Aronson R. , Cigrovski Berković M. , Enters‐Weijnen C. , Forsén T. , Galstyan G. , Geelhoed‐Duijvestijn P. , Goldfracht M. , Gydesen H. , Kapur R. , Lalic N. , Ludvik B. , Moberg E. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard U. , Ramachandran A. ,   on behalf of the HAT Investigator Group
Published: May 2016

Aims

To determine the global extent of hypoglycaemia experienced by patients with diabetes using insulin, as there is a lack of data on the prevalence of hypoglycaemia in developed and developing countries.

Methods

This non‐interventional, multicentre, 6‐month retrospective and 4‐week prospective study using self‐assessment questionnaire and patient diaries included 27 585 patients, aged ≥18 years, with type 1 diabetes (T1D; n = 8022) or type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 19 563) treated with insulin for >12 months, at 2004 sites in 24 countries worldwide. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients experiencing at least one hypoglycaemic event during the observational period.

Results

During the prospective period, 83.0% of patients with T1D and 46.5% of patients with T2D reported hypoglycaemia. Rates of any, nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia were 73.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 72.6–74.0], 11.3 (95% CI 11.0–11.6) and 4.9 (95% CI 4.7–5.1) events/patient‐year for T1D and 19.3 (95% CI 19.1–19.6), 3.7 (95% CI 3.6–3.8) and 2.5 events/patient‐year (95% CI 2.4–2.5) for T2D, respectively. The highest rates of any hypoglycaemia were observed in Latin America for T1D and Russia for T2D. Glycated haemoglobin level was not a significant predictor of hypoglycaemia.

Conclusions

We report hypoglycaemia rates in a global population, including those in countries without previous data. Overall hypoglycaemia rates were high, with large variations between geographical regions. Further investigation into these differences may help to optimize therapy and reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia.
School mobility during childhood predicts psychotic symptoms in late adolescence
Authors: Winsper Catherine , Wolke Dieter , Bryson Alex , Thompson Andrew , Singh Swaran P.
Published: May 2016

Background

Recently, school mobility was identified as a risk factor for psychotic symptoms in early adolescence. The extent to which this risk continues into late adolescence and the trajectories via which this risk manifests remain unexplored.

Methods

Psychotic symptoms in 4,720 adolescents aged 18 were ascertained by trained psychologists using the Psychosis‐Like Symptoms Interview. Mothers reported on sociodemographic factors (i.e., family adversity, ethnicity and urbanicity) from pregnancy to 4 years; child's involvement in bullying at age 6–7 years; residential mobility at 11 years and school mobility at 11–12 years. Young people reported on their friendships at 8 years, and antisocial behaviour and cannabis use at 15 years.

Results

School mobility across childhood significantly predicted psychotic symptoms at 18 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.15; 95% confidence intervals = 1.06, 4.40). Within path analysis, school mobility (β = .183, p = .035), involvement in bullying (β = .133, p = .013), antisocial behaviour (β = .052, p = .004), cannabis use (β = .254, p = .020) and female sex (β = .420, p < .001) significantly predicted psychotic symptoms. Residential mobility (β = .375, p < .001), involvement in bullying (β = .120, p = .022) and poor friendships (β = .038, p = .014) significantly predicted school mobility. Residential mobility indirectly increased the risk of psychotic symptoms via school mobility (β = .069, p = .041).

Conclusions

Children who move schools often are more likely to have experienced peer problems. School mobility, in turn, appears to be a robust marker for psychotic symptoms in late adolescence. Clinicians and teachers should consider school mobility as an important risk indicator for both peer problems and psychopathology.
Individual reactions to viewing preferred video representations of the natural environment: A comparison of mental and physical reactions
Authors: Tsutsumi Masae , Nogaki Hiroshi , Shimizu Yoshihisa , Stone Teresa Elizabeth , Kobayashi Toshio
Published: May 2016

Aim

Globally, awareness of the vital link between health and the natural environment is growing. This pilot study, based on the idea of “forest bathing,” or shinrin‐yoku, the mindful use of all five senses to engage with nature in a natural environment, was initiated in order to determine whether stimulation by viewing an individual's preferred video of sea or forest had an effect on relaxation.

Methods

The participants were 12 healthy men in their twenties and they were divided into two groups based on their preference for sea or forest scenery by using the Visual Analogue Scale. The participants watched 90 min DVDs of sea with natural sounds and forest with natural sounds while their heart rate variability and Bispectral Index System value were measured by using MemCalc/Tawara and a Bispectral Index System monitor.

Results

The participants were divided into two groups of six based on their preference for sea or forest scenery and each indicator was compared between them. Significant differences in a decrease in heart rate, increase in high frequency, and sustained arousal level were observed while viewing the preferred video. These results indicated that the viewing individual's preferred video of sea or forest had a relaxation effect.

Conclusion

This study suggests that individual preferences should be taken into consideration for video relaxation therapy.
Stepfather Involvement and Stepfather–Child Relationship Quality: Race and Parental Marital Status as Moderators
Authors: Jensen Todd M. , Pace Garrett T.
Published: May 2016

Stepparent–child relationship quality is linked to stepfamily stability and children's well‐being. Yet, the literature offers an incomplete understanding of factors that promote high‐quality stepparent–child relationships, especially among socio‐demographically diverse stepfamilies. In this study, we explore the association between stepfather involvement and stepfather–child relationship quality among a racially diverse and predominately low‐income sample of stepfamilies with preadolescent children. Using a subsample of 467 mother–stepfather families from year 9 of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, results indicate that stepfather involvement is positively associated with stepfather–child relationship quality. This association is statistically indistinguishable across racial groups, although the association is stronger among children in cohabiting stepfamilies compared to children in married stepfamilies.
Detection of tubule boundaries based on circular shortest path and polar‐transformation of arbitrary shapes
Authors: SU R. , ZHANG C. , PHAM T.D. , DAVEY R. , BISCHOF L. , VALLOTTON P. , LOVELL D. , HOPE S. , SCHMOELZL S. , SUN C.
Published: May 2016

In studies of germ cell transplantation, counting cells and measuring tubule diameters from different populations using labelled antibodies are important measurement processes. However, it is slow and sanity grinding to do these tasks manually. This paper proposes a way to accelerate these processes using a new image analysis framework based on several novel algorithms: centre points detection of tubules, tubule shape classification, skeleton‐based polar‐transformation, boundary weighting of polar‐transformed image, and circular shortest path smoothing. The framework has been tested on a dataset consisting of 27 images which contain a total of 989 tubules. Experiments show that the detection results of our algorithm are very close to the results obtained manually and the novel approach can achieve a better performance than two existing methods.
Individual and Network Correlates of Antisocial Personality Disorder Among Rural Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Users
Authors: Smith Rachel V. , Young April M. , Mullins Ursula L. , Havens Jennifer R.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Examination of the association of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with substance use and HIV risk behaviors within the social networks of rural people who use drugs.

Methods

Interviewer‐administered questionnaires were used to assess substance use, HIV risk behavior, and social network characteristics of drug users (n = 503) living in rural Appalachia. The MINI International Psychiatric Interview was used to determine whether participants met DSM‐IV criteria for ASPD and Axis‐I psychological comorbidities (eg, major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder). Participants were also tested for herpes simplex 2, hepatitis C, and HIV. Multivariate generalized linear mixed modeling was used to determine the association between ASPD and risk behaviors, substance use, and social network characteristics.

Results

Approximately one‐third (31%) of participants met DSM‐IV criteria for ASPD. In multivariate analysis, distrust and conflict within an individual's social networks, as well as past 30‐day use of heroin and crack, male gender, younger age, lesser education, heterosexual orientation, and comorbid MDD were associated with meeting diagnostic criteria for ASPD.

Conclusions

Participants meeting criteria for ASPD were more likely to report recent heroin and crack use, which are far less common drugs of abuse in this population in which the predominant drug of abuse is prescription opioids. Greater discord within relationships was also identified among those with ASPD symptomatology. Given the elevated risk for blood‐borne infection (eg, HIV) and other negative social and health consequences conferred by this high‐risk subgroup, exploration of tailored network‐based interventions with mental health assessment is recommended.
Risk Factors Associated with Development of Histiocytic Sarcoma in Bernese Mountain Dogs
Authors: Ruple A. , Morley P.S.
Published: May 2016

Background

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare but aggressive malignancy in humans that is poorly responsive to existing treatments. Although rare in most breeds of dogs, HS is common in Bernese mountain dogs (BMDs).

Objective

Determine risk factors associated with development of HS in BMD.

Animals

A total of 216 BMD were registered with the Berner‐Garde Foundation.

Methods

An internet‐based cross‐sectional survey was used to collect information from owners of BMD diagnosed with HS and owners of disease‐free littermates of dogs with HS. Mixed‐effects logistic regression (MELR) and conditional logistic regression (CLR) were used in parallel to examine associations between potential risk factors and the occurrence of HS.

Results

When controlling for litter as a marker of relatedness, dogs diagnosed with orthopedic conditions were found to be more likely to develop HS (MELR, OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.5, 5.2; CLR, OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.1, 7.3), whereas dogs receiving prescription anti‐inflammatory medications were found to be at considerably lower risk of developing HS (MELR, OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8; CLR, OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

These results suggest inflammation may be a modifiable risk factor for the development of HS in BMD.
Reimagining Coolie Trajectories: The Triumphant Return as Political Statement in Late Qing “Coolie Fiction”
Authors: Weber Elizabeth E.
Published: May 2016

The trade in indentured Chinese labor (the “coolie trade”) to the Americas was an exploitative labor‐recruitment regime that resulted in the transportation of over 300,000 Chinese men to various work sites in the mid‐to‐late 19th century. As Chinese impacted either directly or indirectly by the trade attempted to process and comprehend the multiple violences they were witnessing and experiencing, there emerged what I have previously called “conceptual vocabularies” related to the trade – new terminologies, worldviews, and sense of geopolitical/racial position – as evidenced in contemporary media and official reportage. The following discussion will identify how the traumatic translocation of coolie laborers, having already given rise to these vocabularies, could go on in later years to inspire a small burst of “coolie fiction.” With origins in Shanghai's Anti‐American Boycott of 1905, two such pieces of fiction —Bitter Society (1905) and Golden World (1907) (Ku shehui/Huangjin shijie 1985)— make use not just of the powerful latent vocabularies of the historic coolie trade but use the vari‐directional travels of the coolie protagonists as spatial metaphors for the characters' awakening activist subjectivity. The outward journey under the oppressive management of foreign recruiters symbolized China's loss of autonomy and humiliating descent into semicoloniality; while the triumphant depiction of erstwhile laborers returning from abroad to lead activist efforts as depicted in each novel can be read as a plea to readers to stand together and reclaim whatever power they could – whether from Euro‐American colonizers or from the “corrupt” Manchu ruling apparatus – in order to effect China's own “return” from its perilous state of semicoloniality. In making use of the coolie trade vocabularies and the coolie trajectories specifically, the novels simultaneously nod to a shared sense of past victimization and to the potential that such powerful public memory has to inspire social or political change.
Bangkok, Creole City: War Slaves, Refugees, and the Transformation of Culture in Urban Southeast Asia
Authors: Beemer Bryce
Published: May 2016

Slave‐gathering warfare was an endemic feature of Southeast Asian statecraft in the pre‐colonial era. In this lightly populated region, capturing people was more important than seizing new lands. Armies laid siege to rival urban centers and carried thousands of people into captivity, among them artisans, performers, and musicians. This is a well‐understood feature of Southeast Asian statecraft, but the histories of captive people have gone largely unstudied. My project is to examine slave‐gathering warfare as a vector for cultural exchange. The forced relocation of skilled people laid the groundwork for processes of transculturation and cultural reinvention, but the evidence of these exchanges lays mostly outside the archive in the artistic, musical, and theatrical practices of the captive communities themselves. In this article, I examine a cluster of neighborhoods in Thonburi, one of the oldest areas in metropolitan Bangkok. Descendants of non‐Thai war captives and refugees populate this area, most brought to Bangkok in the late‐18th and 19th centuries from Laos, coastal Burma, and the Malay border region. I examine the cultural practices that originated in these communities through the lens of creolization theory, which allows us to better examine and comprehend the cultural contribution of foreign captives to Bangkok's urban culture.
Option generation in the treatment of unstable patients: An experienced‐novice comparison study
Authors: Whyte James , Pickett‐Hauber Roxanne , Whyte Maria D.
Published: May 2016

There are a dearth of studies that quantitatively measure nurses' appreciation of stimuli and the subsequent generation of options in practice environments. The purpose of this paper was to provide an examination of nurses' ability to solve problems while quantifying the stimuli upon which they focus during patient care activities. The study used a quantitative descriptive method that gathered performance data from a simulated task environment using multi‐angle video and audio. These videos were coded and transcripts of all of the actions that occurred in the scenario and the verbal reports of the participants were compiled. The results revealed a pattern of superiority of the experienced exemplar group. Novice actions were characterized by difficulty in following common protocols, inconsistencies in their evaluative approaches, and a pattern of omissions of key actions. The study provides support for the deliberate practice‐based programs designed to facilitate higher‐level performance in novices.
Zingiber pseudosquarrosum sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Singh Lal Ji , Singh Paramjit
Published: May 2016

Zingiber pseudosquarrosum L. J. Singh & P. Singh sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India is described and illustrated and its conservation status is evaluated. This new species seems related to Z. squarrosum Roxb. but can be distinguished by the presence of a small pseudostem, long ligule and petiole, broadly lanceolate leaves with cuneate base, caudate apex and paxillate venation, urceolate or prolate inflorescences, very long underground peduncle, long calyx, very long corolla tube, labellum deep purple red (claret) at centre, orange red (vermillion) at lateral sides with ivory (off white) spots, tip truncate and slightly notched, margin folded back, stamen with short filament, yellow orange anther, light brown ovary, blood red (cinnabar) seeds covered by a white aromatic aril. A key to the species of Zingiber Mill. from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands is also provided.
Recircumscription and two new species of Pachystachys (Tetramerium lineage: Justicieae: Acanthaceae)
Authors: Côrtes A. L. A. , Daniel T. F. , Rapini A.
Published: May 2016

Phylogenetic studies in Acanthaceae revealed that Schaueria azaleiflora and three species of Streblacanthus are closely related to the genus Pachystachys. In the present study, we propose the enlargement of Pachystachys to reflect these relationships. Two new species are described and illustrated, P. gracilis from Brazil and P. linearibracteata from Peru, and four new combinations are proposed in the genus. A key to identify the 18 species of Pachystachys s.l. is also provided.
Spiradiclis jingxiensis sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) from Guangxi, China
Authors: Wang Rui‐Jiang
Published: May 2016

The new species Spiradiclis jingxiensis R. J. Wang is described here. It is similar to S. danxiashanensis with respect to its prostrate habit, small leaves, and terminal inflorescence with 1–3 salverform flowers, but is readily distinguished by pinkish flowers, and included stamens and stigmas in long‐ and short‐styled flowers. The conservation status of the new species was preliminarily assessed as ‘EN’ according to IUCN categories and criteria.
Spiradiclis glabra sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) from limestone areas in Guangdong, China
Authors: Wu Lei , Tong Yi , Pan Bo , Liu Quan‐Ru
Published: May 2016

A new species of Rubiaceae, Spiradiclis glabra, is described and illustrated from China. The species is most similar to S. fusca, but differs by having 5–7 pairs of adaxially unconspicuous secondary veins in the leaves, stipules 2–5 mm long, calyx lobes ovate‐triangular, corollas slightly purple–reddish, tubes 13–15 mm long, inside with a pubescent ring of long hairs at the throat, and stamens near the base in long‐styled form. The conservation status of this new species was assessed as ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) according to IUCN.
Pre‐ and post‐pollination interaction between six co‐floweringPedicularisspecies via heterospecific pollen transfer
Authors: Tong Ze‐Yu , Huang Shuang‐Quan
Published: May 2016

It remains unclear how related co‐flowering species with shared pollinators minimize reproductive interference, given that the degree of interspecific pollen flow and its consequences are little known in natural communities.

Differences in pollen size in sixPedicularisspecies with different style lengths permit us to measure heterospecific pollen transfer (HPT) between species pairs in sympatry. The role of pollen–pistil interactions in mitigating the effects ofHPTwas examined.

Field observations over 2 yr showed that bumblebee pollinators visiting one species rarely moved to another. Heterospecific pollen (HP) comprised < 10% of total stigmatic pollen loads for each species over 2 yr, and was not related to conspecific pollen deposition. Species with longer styles generally received moreHPper stigma. The pollen tube study showed that pollen from short‐styled species could not grow the full length of the style of long‐styled species. Pollen from long‐styled species could grow through the short style ofP. densispica, butP. densispicararely receivedHPin nature.

Flower constancy is a key pre‐pollination barrier toHPTbetween co‐floweringPedicularisspecies. Post‐pollination pollen–pistil interactions may further mitigate the effects ofHPTbecauseHPtransferred to long styles could generally be effectively filtered.
The subtle body: an interoceptive map of central nervous system function and meditative mind–brain–body integration
Authors: Loizzo Joseph J.
Published: May 2016

Meditation research has begun to clarify the brain effects and mechanisms of contemplative practices while generating a range of typologies and explanatory models to guide further study. This comparative review explores a neglected area relevant to current research: the validity of a traditional central nervous system (CNS) model that coevolved with the practices most studied today and that provides the first comprehensive neural‐based typology and mechanistic framework of contemplative practices. The subtle body model, popularly known as the chakra system from Indian yoga, was and is used as a map of CNS function in traditional Indian and Tibetan medicine, neuropsychiatry, and neuropsychology. The study presented here, based on the Nalanda tradition, shows that the subtle body model can be cross‐referenced with modern CNS maps and challenges modern brain maps with its embodied network model of CNS function. It also challenges meditation research by: (1) presenting a more rigorous, neural‐based typology of contemplative practices; (2) offering a more refined and complete network model of the mechanisms of contemplative practices; and (3) serving as an embodied, interoceptive neurofeedback aid that is more user friendly and complete than current teaching aids for clinical and practical applications of contemplative practice.
IL‐33 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of hay fever and reduced regulatory T cells in a birth cohort
Authors: Schröder Paul C. , Casaca Vera I. , Illi Sabina , Schieck Maximilian , Michel Sven , Böck Andreas , Roduit Caroline , Frei Remo , Lluis Anna , Genuneit Jon , Pfefferle Petra , Roponen Marjut , Weber Juliane , Braun‐Fahrländer Charlotte , Riedler Josef , Lauener Roger , Vuitton Dominique Angèle , Dalphin Jean‐Charles , Pekkanen Juha , von Mutius Erika , Kabesch Michael , Schaub Bianca ,   PASTURE Study group
Published: May 2016

Background

IL‐33 polymorphisms influence the susceptibility to asthma. IL‐33 indirectly induces Th2‐immune responses via dendritic cell activation, being important for development of atopic diseases. Furthermore, IL‐33 upregulates regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are critical for healthy immune homeostasis. This study investigates associations between IL‐33 polymorphisms during the development of childhood atopic diseases and underlying mechanisms including immune regulation of Tregs.

Methods

Genotyping of IL‐33‐polymorphisms (rs928413, rs1342326) was performed by MALDI‐TOF‐MS in 880 of 1133 PASTURE/EFRAIM children. In 4.5‐year‐old German PASTURE/EFRAIM children (n = 99), CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs were assessed by flow cytometry following 24‐h incubation of PBMCs with PMA/ionomycin, LPS or without stimuli (U). SOCS3, IL1RL1, TLR4 mRNA expression and sST2 protein levels ex vivo were measured in PASTURE/EFRAIM children by real‐time PCR or ELISA, respectively. Health outcomes (hay fever, asthma) were assessed by questionnaires at the age of 6 years.

Results

rs928413 and rs1342326 were positively associated with hay fever (OR = 1.77, 95%CI = 1.02–3.08; OR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.04–3.11) and CD4+CD25highFOXP3+ Tregs (%) decreased in minor allele homozygotes/heterozygotes compared to major allele homozygotes (p(U) = 0.004; p(LPS) = 0.005; p(U) = 0.001; p(LPS) = 0.012). SOCS3 mRNA expression increased in minor allele homozygotes and heterozygotes compared with major allele homozygotes for both IL‐33‐polymorphisms (p(rs928413) = 0.032, p(rs1342326) = 0.019) and negatively correlated to Tregs.

Conclusions

IL‐33‐polymorphisms rs928413 and rs1342326 may account for an increased risk of hay fever with the age of 6 years. Lower Tregs and increased SOCS3 in combined heterozygotes and minor allele homozygotes may be relevant for hay fever development, pointing towards dysbalanced immune regulation and insufficient control of allergic inflammation.
Human eosinophils modulate peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to Schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen in vitro
Authors: Tweyongyere R. , Namanya H. , Naniima P. , Cose S. , Tukahebwa E. M. , Elliott A. M. , Dunne D. W. , Wilson S.
Published: May 2016

High numbers of eosinophils are observed in parasitic infections and allergic diseases, where they are proposed to be terminally differentiated effector cells that play beneficial role in host defence, or cause harmful inflammatory response. Eosinophils have been associated with killing of schistosomulae in vitro, but there is growing evidence that eosinophils can play additional immuno‐regulatory role. Here, we report results of a study that examines peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cytokine responses to Schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigen (SWA) when stimulated alone or enriched with autologous eosinophils. Production of the Th‐2 type cytokines interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13 was lower (P = 0·017, 0·018 and <0·001, respectively) in PBMC + eosinophil cultures than in PBMC‐only cultures stimulated with SWA. Substantial levels of IL‐13, IL‐10, interferon gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha were recorded in cultures of eosinophils, but none of these cytokines showed significant association with the observed eosinophil‐induced drop in cytokine responses of PBMC. Transwell experiments suggested that the observed effect is due to soluble mediators that downmodulate production of Th‐2 type cytokines. This study shows that eosinophils may down‐modulate schistosome‐specific Th‐2 type cytokine responses in S. mansoni‐infected individuals. The mechanism of this immune modulation remains to be elucidated.