bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Using ORS and Zinc among Mothers of Acute Watery Diarrhea Patients in Pediatric Outpatients Department of 250 Bed General Hospital, Jamalpur
Authors: Khaleque Md. Abdul , Islam Md. Tazul , Begum Shahanaz , Parvin Rukshana , Chowdhury Utpal
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Diarrhea is a loose-waterly stool and is the second leading cause of death among children under five years. Oral rehydration solution and Zinc supplementation are cost-effective, easy to get, and are used to prevent dehydration among acute watery diarrhea (AWD) patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Using ORS and Zinc among Mothers of Acute Watery Diarrhea Patients in the Paediatric Outpatients Department of 250 Bed General Hospital, Jamalpur. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Paediatric Outpatients Department of 250 Bed General Hospital, Jamalpur from 01-01-2021 to 30-06- 2021 on 188 mothers (N=188) who brought their babies suffering from AWD. Questions were based on knowledge about diarrhea, ORS use, and Zinc supplementation. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0 and the level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Result: All the mothers were mainly between the ages of twenty-five to thirty-four years. The majority of mothers belonged to the lower socio- economic class. Around four-fifths of the mothers (148, 78.7%) strongly knew about preparing ORS and most of the mothers (83, 44.1%) used ORS every time. Around two-fifths of the mothers (75, 39.9%) strongly believed that ORS can prevent dehydration &twenty-four mothers (24, 12.8%) strongly agreed that Zinc supplementation help in the treatment of diarrhea. The majority of the mothers (119, 67.2%) did not wash their hands every time while preparing ORS during AWD. Conclusion: This study reveals that there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the management of diarrheal disease among mothers. Approaches should be necessary to implement the acceleration of Govt. programs and to educate mothers about the importance of using ORS and Zinc supplementation.
Integrating Indigenous Language to Promote Unity in Diversity among Broadcast Media in Nigeria
Authors: Msughter Aondover Eric , Liman Alhaji Musa , Ahmed Mercy Ojochenemi
Published: August 2022

Abstract: This paper interrogates the status of indigenous language in promoting unity in diversity among broadcast media in Nigeria. The paper is exploratory in nature, as it utilises the descriptive research method whereby relevant literature, documents and records were consulted and analysed based on the existing literature. The paper is predominantly based on information derived from the qualitative data using secondary sources, such as relevant texts, journals, official publications, historical documents and the Internet, which served as tangible sources of insight into the analysis. The method help findings in the works available, check the consistency of such findings, evaluates such findings with other findings. Based on the findings, English is the dominant language of use followed by the major national languages of Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. English is nationally dominant, but the three major languages are regionally applied with Hausa commanding higher airtime across majority of the states in Northern part of Nigeria; Igbo in the Southeast and Yoruba ranks next to English in the Southwest. In the South-south, Pidgin and some indigenous languages rank next to English. Instead of a rise in indigenous language use in broadcasting in the country, the situation appears to be worsening because most broadcasters find it economically unattractive and financially costly to run news and programs in the indigenous languages. The study concludes that there is a weakness in the use of indigenous language among broadcast media in Nigeria. The use of indigenous language among broadcast media has been ignored in the communication industry. The study concludes that there is a need for language policy, because in the domain of mass communication today, the use of indigenous language is not properly addressed.
Unmasking the Tape of Electoral Fraud in Grassroots Nigeria: Evidence from the Management of the Local Council Elections by the State Independent Electoral Commissions (SIECs)
Authors: Deribe Abacha Umar , Sambo Usman , Sule Babayo , Salihu Ibrahim
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Electoral fraud is identified as an albatross on genuine democratisation in Nigerian politics. The Nigerian political culture demonstrates a zero-sum game where a winner takes all and where a winner employs all amoral ineptitude to secure victory. The situation is escalated at the grassroots level in the country where the constitutional three-tier of the federal, state and local system was bastardised by the states who succeeded in emasculating the local governments under their absolute personal control. The local council polls usually turned into a charade that is perpetuated by charlatans in the name of elections where in reality, forceful imposition, selection and subversion of the process became the order of the day. The study examined how the use of SIECs aided the phenomenon of electoral fraud at the grassroots level where the local council elections are designed and arrested by state governors based on their selfish desire. The study utilised both primary and secondary sources of data. The data obtained were analysed and interpreted using mixed method of statistical tools and content analysis. The study discovered that the SIECs became tools in the pawn of the state governors that they leveraged in manipulating the local government elections against the will of the electorates at the grassroots and that has tremendously affects the democratisation process in the country where authentic institutional building remains a mirage even after more than 20 years of democratic experiment. The study recommends that the SIECs should be abrogated and the INEC should conduct the local council elections together with the national elections at the same time.
‘Tears in Verses’: Leadership and Social Disillusionment in Tanure Ojaide’s Poetry
Authors: Akpan Kufre A. , Okon Naomi
Published: August 2022

Abstract: This paper examines leadership, nationhood and social disillusionment in Tanure Ojaide’s poetry. The paper notes that one phenomenal trait characterising Nigerian writers, especially the one christened as second generation, is their innate susceptibility and strong resolve in confronting leadership and other socio-political ruptures in the society. Right from the dawn of independence, Nigerian writers have always been on the defensive and, in varying degrees, have depicted poignantly, corruption, injustices, oppression, exploitation and other forms of malfeasances perpetrated against the people by the leadership class. This orientation, to a large extent, informs the writings of Tanure Ojaide. Against this backdrop, this paper examines not only the creative depth of his poetry, but also the potency of his works in addressing socio-political foibles in the Nigerian society. Through an analysis of select poems in The Endless Song and Delta Blues and Home Songs, this research establishes that leadership is simply the cog in the wheels of the nation’s path to greatness and has, consequently, rendered the nation and her people miserably dispossessed, traumatised and disillusioned. The paper adopts New Historicism as theoretical framework and concludes that Nigeria may plunge into a precipice, if visionless leaders continue to parade the country’s leadership space.
Revisiting what is termed as Anomalous Formulaic Expressions in the Qur'anic Discourse: A Cognitive Study from a Pragma-Stylistic Perspective
Authors: Al-Heeh Dr. Sami
Published: August 2022

Abstract: This cognitive, small-scale study reviews the formulaic expressions used in the Quranic discourse. From a pragma-stylistic view, it examines the extent to which the Quranic expressions identified by Arab linguists as ‘odd’ words are used as discourse markers. Based on more recent denotational theories, the paper claims that these expressions are unlikely to be anomalous. It theorizes that these phrases are verbal clues that work on the discourse level. The study utilizes corpus linguistics for data collection. Theoretically, it builds on discourse analysis (DA) as a main approach to data categorization and analysis. Thus, it models on Fairclough (2013) and Van Dijk's (1998) analytical framework to describe, interpret and explain the senses of these expressions in the various processes of meaning production, consumption and realization. A systematic, linguistic analysis is carried out on the syntactic, semantic and schematic levels. It has been found that these expressions fit into some formulaic sequences in which the components refer either directly to the discourse or indirectly to the context in which the embolic term is used. The contexts in which the formulaic patterns are selected and used are mainly characterized by hypersensitivity to sex and abstractedness of comprehension. The linguistic features of the expressions suggest that the Quranic discourse uses them for language politeness to keep face, for more linguistic interactions to clarify meaning and for hedging to sustain other potential senses. Finally, the study implicates for research on pragmatic and translation studies.
Antibiotics Resistance in Poultry and its Solution
Authors: Samad Abdul
Published: August 2022

The poultry sector has grown quickly over the past three decades. This has led to increased use of antibiotics as both medicinal and growth-promoting drugs. Concerns about the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations, the presence of antibiotic residues in poultry products, and the increasing consumer demand for products free of antibiotic residues have accelerated the search for alternatives that could replace antibiotics without causing a loss in productivity or product quality. These alternatives to antibiotics in chicken include the use of organic acids, probiotic microorganisms, prebiotic substrates that encourage the establishment of beneficial bacterial populations, or symbiotic (combinations of prebiotics and probiotics), which boost production and maintain bird health. Phytobiotics, antimicrobial peptides, herbal medications, vitamins and minerals, and plant extracts are more examples. Probiotic organisms compete with pathogenic organisms for colonization sites in the gastrointestinal tract, redirect fewer nutrients to harmful microorganisms and the toxins they produce, and stimulate the immune system. Prebiotics also present an option since they change the immune system and intestinal microorganisms to prevent pathogens from colonizing the gut and to promote the growth of healthy microflora. However, further research is required to select probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotics either alone or in combination that can result in the selection of strains capable of functioning well in the gastrointestinal system. Using synbiotics is still a preferable method for improving poultry production. Researchers can utilize the information in this review to further their understanding of antibiotic alternatives for poultry birds without sacrificing the welfare or performance of the birds.
Literature Review: Pola Makan, Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Tingkat Stres Penderita Diabetes Melitus Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ayu Nurfin Pratama Enggy , Nurmalya Kardina Rizki
Published: August 2022

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi penderita diabetes melitus meningkat seiring tingginya angka Covid-19. Pola makan buruk, aktivitas fisik rendah dan tingkat stres berat dapat meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes melitus. Pada masa pandemi Covid-19 ditemukan perubahan pola makan, aktivitas fisik, dan tingkat stress.
Tujuan: Mengkaji pola makan, aktivitas fisik, dan tingkat stres penderita diabetes melitus di masa pandemi Covid-19.
Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literature review. Sumber data yang digunakan berasal dari database Google Scholar dan Science Direct dari rentang waktu 2018-2022 dengan kata kunci pola makan, aktivitas fisik, dan tingkat stres penderita diabetes melitus di masa pandemi Covid-19. Hasil keseluruhan artikel yang telah melalui proses screening berjumlah 21 artikel.
Hasil:. 6 dari 21 artikel menyatakan ada perubahan pola makan, aktivitas fisik, dan tingkat stres penderita diabetes melitus sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19. 5 dari 21 artikel menyatakan ada hubungan pola makan dengan kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes melitus. 4 dari 21 artikel menyatakan ada hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kadar glukosa darah sedangkan 1 dari 21 menyatakan tidak ada hubungan aktivitas dengan kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes melitus. 5 dari 21 artikel menyatakan ada hubungan tingkat stres dengan kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes melitus.
Kesimpulan: Ada perubahan pola makan, aktivitas fisik dan tingkat stres penderita diabetes melitus sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19. Ada hubungan pola makan, aktivitas fisik, dan tingkat stres dengan kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes melitus. Penderita diabetes melitus disarankan untuk mengatur pola makan, melakukan aktivitas fisik secara teratur, dan melakukan manajemen stres
Analisis Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pelaksanaan Keselamatan Pasien
Authors: Oktavian Artha Ferninda , Setianto Budhi
Published: August 2022

Latar Belakang: Keselamatan pasien merupakan suatu sistem yang membuat asuhan pasien lebih aman. Perawat memiliki peranan penting dalam memberikan asuhan kepada pasien. Rumah Sakit X merupakan Rumah Sakit yang sudah menerapkan sistem keselamatan pasien, namun pada tahun 2021 masih terdapat insiden keselamatan pasien. Insiden keselamatan pasien terbanyak terdapat pada poli jantung dikarenakan poli jantung memiliki total kunjungan terbanyak yaitu sebanyak 16.831 total kunjungan pada tahun 2021
Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi pelaksanaan keselamatan pasien di Rumah Sakit X
Metode : Kuantitatif dengan menggunakan studi survei analitik dan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah keseluruhan populasi Perawat yang pernah melakukan perawatan pasien di Instalasi Poli Jantung Rumah Sakit X yang berjumlah 17 orang. Metode yang digunakan sampling total. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar kuesioner. Analisis data dengan uji statistik regresi logistic biner
Hasil:. Variabel pengetahuan (pr=7.000), sikap (pr=7.000), beban kerja (pr=6.500), dan supervisi (pr=6.500) keseluruhan sudah baik.
Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh dari pengetahuan, sikap, beban kerja, dan supervisi terhadap pelaksanaan keselamatan pasien
Representasi Perempuan Dalam Pemilihan Umum Legislatif di Kabupaten Belu Tahun 2019
Authors: Wada Luise Richardo
Published: August 2022

Latar Belakang: Mengeksplorasi keterwakilan perempuan dalam politik khususnya di lembaga legislatif di Kabupaten Belu.
Tujuan: Mengeksplorasi faktor individu perempuan dan sekaligus faktor di luar perempuan (seperti lingkungan, struktur, hubungan interaksi, relasi, budaya, tatanan/ regulasi) yang terjadi dalam proses rekrutmen legislatif di Kabupaten Belu selama ini.
Metode : Metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Dimana peneliti melakukan eksplorasi secara mendalam terhadap program, kejadian, proses, aktivitas terhadap satu atau lebih orang.
Hasil:. Ketewakilan perempuan dalam pemilu legislatif sangat bergantung pada tiga modalitas calon legislatif perempuan yakni modal politik, modal sosial, dan modal ekonomi, bagaimana hubungan kekerabatan yang di bangun calon legislatif perempuan dan masyarakat. Faktor utama terpilihnya caleg perempuan ini karena memiliki masyarakat yang setia dan punya rasa percaya penuh terhadap calon perempuan itu sendiri. Selain itu sosok perempuan anggota legislatif di anggap mampu menyuarakan apa yang menjadi aspirasi masyarakat itu sendiri. Kuota keterwakilan perempuan diberikan untuk memberikan ruang bagi perempuan agar bisa menyuarakan apa yang menjadi masalah krusial terhadap perempuan. Untuk itu, kualitas perempuan itu sendiri sangat penting dan menjadi faktor modal utama. Pendidikan karakter perempuan yang ingin berkontestasi dalam pemilihan umum legislatif untuk menduduki jabatan anggota dewan harus di bangun dan di dorong sejak dini sebelum masuk ke dalam ranah legislatif.
Kesimpulan: Calon legislatif perempuan di kabupaten belu mampu mengkapitalisasi partai politik yang menjadikan itu sebagai modal politik pada saat berkontestasi dalam pemilu legislatif. Kuota keterwakilan perempuan 30 % dirasa sudah cukup untuk mengikutsertakan perempuan dalam lembaga legislative
PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM DAKWAH KONTEMPORER
Authors: Harahap Lia Wati
Published: August 2022

This article aims to find out the role of women in contemporary da'wah, where women in Islam have the same rights in preaching but that distinguishes the level or dose. Islam positions women in this very respectable position because women have tasks that cannot be done by men such azs conceiving, giving birth and breastfeeding all of which risk their lives in their application. In this article discussed there are three roles of women the first role of women in the Islamic view of women occupying a respectable and also noble position. Islam does not distinguish men from women for da'wah affairs such as ber amar ma'ruf nahi mungkar. Both related to the role of women in the household has a complex role that broadly the role is as a mother, as a wife and as a society. The three roles of women in da'wah are in accordance with the level of their ability in preaching ma'ruf nahi mungkar, can preach at home with their families, can preach on the road, in the market or also through social media which is all done to preach ma'ruf nahi mungkar
The Eigenfunction Method to Calculate the Klein-Gordon Propagator in an Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field
Authors: Emerson B.S. Corrêa  , M. G. Lima  , S. C. Q. Arruda
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we use the Eigenfunction method (Ritus'method) to calculate the Klein-Gordon propagator under an external magnetic field with an exponential damping factor b, in a four-dimensional Euclidean space. We write the propagator of scalar field in terms of plane waves and Laguerre polynomials. Also the eigenvalues associated to differential operator show the quantization in the xy-plane through the Landau levels. We apply the calculated propagator to the mass parameter of an interacting boson system under an exponentially decaying magnetic field.
Immune network operations in COVID-19
Authors: Burgos-Salcedo Javier
Published: August 2022

The immune system, whose nature lies in being a complex network of interactions, lends itself well to being represented and studied using graph theory. However, it should be noted that although the formalization of models of the immune system is relatively recent, the medical use of its signaling network structure has been carried out empirically for centuries in vaccinology, immunopathology, and clinical immunology, as evidenced by the development of effective vaccines, the management of transplant rejection, the management of allergies, and the treatment of certain types of cancer and autoimmune diseases. A network optimization analogy is proposed through the employment of the system dynamic formalism of causal loop diagrams (CLDs), where current network operations (also known as NetOps) in information technology (IT), are interpreted as immune NetOps in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. Traffic shaping corresponds to signaling pathway modulation by immunosuppressors. Data caching corresponds to the activation of innate immunity by application of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and other vaccines. Data compression corresponds with the activation of adaptative immune response by vaccination with the actual approved COVID-19 vaccines. Buffer tuning corresponds with concurrent activation of innate and adaptative or specialized immune cells and antibodies that attack and destroy foreign invaders by trained immunity-based vaccines to develop. The present study delineates some experimental extensions and future developments. Given the complex communication architecture of signal transduction in the immune system, it is apparent that multiple parallel pathways influencing and regulating each other are not the exception but the norm. Thus, the transition from empirical immune NetOps to analytical immune NetOps is a goal for the near future in biomedicine.
Cesta de Bens e Serviços Territoriais face à transição
Authors: Hirczak Maud , Janin Claude , Lapostolle Dany
Published: August 2022

Em estreita ligação, por um lado, aos imperativos de transição ligados às mudanças globais e, por outro, aos jogos de atores que se recompõem nos territórios, a construção da qualidade territorial encontra-se hoje num ponto de viragem. A “cesta de bens” deve agora ser analisada à luz de dinâmicas relacionais complexas, em apoio à invenção e mobilização de várias formas de inteligência coletiva que revelam diferentes relações com os recursos. Partimos da hipótese de que a inteligência coletiva desempenha um papel fundamental nas trajetórias das cestas de bens, ao possibilitar compreender e orientar o processo de emergência e valorização dos recursos, não mais somente em uma lógica econômica, mas em uma lógica de especificação via solidariedades sociais e ecológicas. A análise qualitativa e comparativa de dois coletivos na França demonstra que a inteligência coletiva influencia a emergência e sustentabilidade da cesta de bens em três níveis: na construção de novas formas de qualidades territoriais e rendas associadas, na redefinição das relações com os seres vivos e na capacidade de agir nos territórios. A este respeito, as dinâmicas relacionais, cognitivas e territoriais são fortes alavancas para a necessária transformação dos sistemas alimentares no sentido da sustentabilidade.
Uma comunidade nutridora em Saint Camille (Quebec, Canadá)
Authors: Doyon Mélanie , Blanchette Louis-Philippe , Prud’homme Isabelle , Klein Juan-Luis
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma experiência de pesquisa desenvolvida em parceria e que visa contribuir para aconcepção e implementação de uma comunidade nutridora na municipalidade rural de Saint Camille, Quebec (Canadá). Primeiramente, apresenta-se as circunstâncias que levaram à emergência desse projeto. Por um lado, é feito um retorno às Oficinas de Saberes Compartilhados, um projeto de pesquisa que tem por objetivo promover um “processo de reflexão sobre a ação, de co-aprendizagem e de sistematização das experiências” para dinamizar comunidades rurais confrontadas aos desafios de desvitalização. Por outro lado, discute-se o contexto de renovação das preocupações com os alimentosproduzidos localmente. Esses dois elementos se demonstraram necessários para a co-construção de um projeto de pesquisa que visa a elaboração de um planejamento para a comunidade nutridora em Saint-Camille, cujo objetivo principal é promover a produção local de alimentos. Em seguida, apresenta-se as etapas de ideação desse projeto, ou seja, a definição dos objetivos, o financiamento e a realização da pesquisa. São discutidas a ancoragem territorial da pesquisa e suas primeiras contribuições para a implementação de uma comunidade nutridora. Além disso, discute-se as interfaces que podem ser estabelecidas entre a noção de comunidade nutridora e a de cesta de bens e serviços territoriais. No plano metodológico, a co-criação do projeto, que levou à implementação dessa comunidade, se inscreve nas premissas da pesquisa performativa, que pressupõe um contexto de interação entre os pesquisadores e atores, em uma perspectiva de transição societal e ecológica.
enfoque da cesta de bens e serviços territoriais aplicado à análise das agroindústrias familiares e suas especificidades alimentares no extremo Oeste Catarinense
Authors: Lauermann Daniela , Capellesso Adinor José , Gazolla Marcio
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo articular o referencial teórico da Cesta de Bens e Serviços Territoriais (CBST) com as especificidades das agroindústrias familiares e os seus diferenciais de qualidade dos alimentos elaborados e comercializados nos mercados alimentares. A pesquisa foi realizada na Região do Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina (AMOESC). Os dados quantitativos provêm de uma pesquisa realizada pela EPAGRI em 2017, e atualizada em 2021 por este estudo. Além disso, utiliza-se dados secundários do Censo Agropecuário de 2017, retirados do Sistema Automático de Recuperação de Dados (SIDRA/IBGE). Os resultados da pesquisa revelam que as agroindústrias familiares estão situadas ao longo de todo o território da AMOESC, o que favorece a articulação de ações coletivas que visam promover o desenvolvimento territorial. A diversidade de alimentos agroindustrializados, o processo artesanal, suas qualidades específicas e a vinculação ao saber-fazer, cultura e história regional são predominantes e potenciais componentes de uma CBST.
Mundo vegetal y enfermedad renal crónica: ¿riesgo o beneficio?
Authors: Pérez-Torres Almudena
Published: August 2022

La alimentación a lo largo de la enfermedad renal se encuentra unida a un gran número de restricciones. Actualmente las recomendaciones nutricionales en los pacientes con enfermedad renal están cambiando, presentando elementos comunes con la población general. Se recomienda disminuir el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, al considerarse fuente de sal, grasas y aditivos, de los que muchos de ellos son aditivos fosfóricos y potásicos; estos aditivos presentan una biodisponiblidad del 100%, en comparación con el fósforo y el potasio dietético que se encuentra en los alimentos de origen natural, y cuya absorción se encuentra entre el 50-80%, dependiendo del tipo de alimento.El manejo del potasio dietético es uno de los grandes problemas en la población renal. En la actualidad, se está demostrando que el aumento de sus niveles en sangre, presenta más agentes causales y no sólo la ingesta dietética de potasio, como: la presencia de ayunos prolongados, estreñimiento, mal control metabólico de la glucosa y el consumo de ciertos fármacos, entre otros factores.Estos datos ponen de manifiesto que antes de recurrir a la restricción alimentaria de fuentes de potasio dietético es conveniente considerar nuevos métodos de actuación.
A Streptomyces P450 enzyme dimerizes isoflavones from plants
Authors: Liu Run-Zhou , Chen Shanchong , Zhang Lihan
Published: August 2022

Dimerization is a widespread natural strategy that enables rapid structural diversification of natural products. However, our understanding of the dimerization enzymes involved in this biotransformation is still limited compared to the numerous reported dimeric natural products. Here, we report the characterization of three new isoflavone dimers from Streptomyces cattleya cultured on an isoflavone-containing agar plate. We further identified a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP158C1, which is able to catalyze the dimerization of isoflavones. CYP158C1 can also dimerize plant-derived polyketides, such as flavonoids and stilbenes. Our work represents a unique bacterial P450 that can dimerize plant polyphenols, which extends the insights into P450-mediated biaryl coupling reactions in biosynthesis.
Calculated the Tectonic Activity of Catchments in the SAQEZ Geomorphology Unit (Iran and Kurdistan) Using Morphometric Indices
Authors: Arefpanah Semko , Sharafi Alireza
Published: August 2022

Landslides are tectonic and morphological indicators. The Morphotectonics Index is a suitable tool for probability estimation and earthquake planning in the region. Landslides are the most common natural threat in Iran. A sustainable management plan requires landslide hazard zoning planning. Therefore, the estimation of landslide risk in selected areas using the morphological index is the purpose of this study. Rivers are very sensitive to tectonic movements, and river landforms are closely radiated to tectonic movements. The Deformation Tectonic Index was used as a tool to identify new and active structures for these movements. The SAQEZ River Basin is located in the northwest of the country according to its characteristics. Its landform has a high flood capacity and a moderate slope of about 33.01%, resulting in severe erosion and flooding in the area. The purpose of this study was to analyze tectonic activity in the SAQEZ River Basin using remote sensing software and topographic maps and digital elevation models in a GIS environment. In this study, four morphological and structural indices, including river length gradient index (SL), basin shape index (BS), river tortuosity index (Sr), and basin asymmetry factor (Af), were used, and their results were analyzed. An analysis is expressed as the Active Tectonic Index (IAT). According to the survey results, the values of the SL, BS, Sr, and Af indices were 207, 1.09, 1.27, and 66, respectively. The Active Tectonic Index (IAT) shows moderate tectonic activity in the area.
Anisotropic Electron Heating in Turbulence-driven Magnetic Reconnection in the Near-Sun Solar Wind
Authors: Franci Luca , Papini Emanuele , Micera Alfredo , Lapenta Giovanni , Hellinger Petr , Sarto Daniele Del , Burgess David , Landi Simone
Published: August 2022

We perform a high-resolution, 2D, fully kinetic numerical simulation of a turbulent plasma system with observation-driven conditions, in order to investigate the interplay between turbulence, magnetic reconnection, and particle heating from ion to subelectron scales in the near-Sun solar wind. We find that the power spectra of the turbulent plasma and electromagnetic fluctuations show multiple power-law intervals down to scales smaller than the electron gyroradius. Magnetic reconnection is observed to occur in correspondence of current sheets with a thickness of the order of the electron inertial length, which form and shrink owing to interacting ion-scale vortices. In some cases, both ion and electron outflows are observed (the classic reconnection scenario), while in others—typically for the shortest current sheets—only electron jets are present (“electron-only reconnection”). At the onset of reconnection, the electron temperature starts to increase and a strong parallel temperature anisotropy develops. This suggests that in strong turbulence electron-scale coherent structures may play a significant role for electron heating, as impulsive and localized phenomena such as magnetic reconnection can efficiently transfer energy from the electromagnetic fields to particles.
Long-term Evolution of Nonthermal Emission from Type Ia and Core-collapse Supernova Remnants in a Diversified Circumstellar Medium
Authors: Kobashi Ryosuke , Yasuda Haruo , Lee Shiu-Hang
Published: August 2022

The contribution of galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) to the origin of cosmic rays (CRs) is an important open question in modern astrophysics. Broadband nonthermal emission is a useful proxy for probing the energy budget and production history of CRs in SNRs. We conduct hydrodynamic simulations to model the long-term SNR evolution from explosion all the way to the radiative phase (or 3 × 105 yr at maximum) and compute the time evolution of the broadband nonthermal spectrum to explore its potential applications on constraining the surrounding environments, as well as the natures and mass-loss histories, of the SNR progenitors. A parametric survey is performed on the ambient environments separated into two main groups, namely, a homogeneous medium with a uniform gas density and one with the presence of a circumstellar structure created by the stellar wind of a massive red supergiant progenitor star. Our results reveal a highly diverse evolution history of the nonthermal emission closely correlated to the environmental characteristics of an SNR. Up to the radiative phase, the roles of CR reacceleration and ion−neutral wave damping on the spectral evolution are investigated. Finally, we make an assessment of the future prospect of SNR observations by the next-generation hard X-ray space observatory FORCE and predict what we can learn from their comparison with our evolution models.
Polarized Synchrotron Foreground Assessment for CMB Experiments
Authors: Weiland Janet L. , Addison Graeme E. , Bennett Charles L. , Halpern Mark , Hinshaw Gary
Published: August 2022

Polarized Galactic synchrotron emission is an undesirable foreground for cosmic microwave background experiments observing at frequencies <150 GHz. We perform a combined analysis of observational data at 1.4, 2.3, 23, 30, and 33 GHz to quantify the spatial variation of the polarized synchrotron spectral index, β
pol, on ∼3.°5 scales. We compare results from different data combinations to address limitations and inconsistencies present in these public data, and form a composite map of β
pol. Data quality masking leaves 44% sky coverage (73% for ∣b∣ > 45°). Generally −3.2 < β
pol ≲ −3 in the inner Galactic plane and spurs, but the Fan Region in the outer galaxy has a flatter index. We find a clear spectral index steepening with increasing latitude south of the Galactic plane with Δβ
pol = 0.4, and a smaller steepening of 0.25 in the north. Near the south Galactic pole the polarized synchrotron spectral index is β
pol ≈ −3.4. Longitudinal spectral index variations of Δβ
pol ∼ 0.1 about the latitudinal mean are also detected. Within the BICEP2/Keck survey footprint, we find consistency with a constant value, β
pol = −3.25 ± 0.04 (statistical) ±0.02 (systematic). We compute a map of the frequency at which synchrotron and thermal dust emission contribute equally to the total polarized foreground. The limitations and inconsistencies among data sets encountered in this work make clear the value of additional independent surveys at multiple frequencies, especially between 10 and 20 GHz, provided these surveys have sufficient sensitivity and control of instrumental systematic errors.
The Fundamental Plane Is Not a Plane: Warped Nature of the Fundamental Plane of Early-type Galaxies and Its Implication for Galaxy Formation
Authors: Yoon Yongmin , Park Changbom
Published: August 2022

Based on 16,283 early-type galaxies (ETGs) in 0.025 ≤ z
spec < 0.055 from Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, we show that the fundamental plane (FP) of ETGs is not a plane in the strict sense but is a curved surface with a twisted shape whose orthogonal direction to the surface is shifted as the central velocity dispersion (σ
0) or mean surface brightness within the half-light radius (μ

e
) changes. When ETGs are divided into subsamples according to σ
0, the coefficient of μ

e
of the FP increases, whereas the zero-point of the FP decreases at higher σ
0. Taking the z band as an example, the coefficient of μ

e
rises from 0.28 to 0.36 as σ
0 increases from ∼100 to ∼300 km s−1. At the same time, the zero-point of the FP falls from −7.5 to −9.0 in the same σ
0 range. The consistent picture on the curved nature of the FP is also reached by inspecting changes in the FP coefficients for ETG subsamples with different μ

e
. By examining scaling relations that are projections of the FP, we suggest that the warped nature of the FP may originate from dry merger effects that are imprinted more prominently in ETGs with higher masses.
Mass and Age Determination of the LAMOST Data with Different Machine-learning Methods
Authors: Li Qi-Da , Wang Hai-Feng , Luo Yang-Ping , Li Qing , Deng Li-Cai , Ting Yuan-Sen
Published: August 2022

We present a catalog of 948,216 stars with mass labels and a catalog of 163,105 red clump (RC) stars with mass and age labels simultaneously. The training data set is crossmatched from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope DR5, and high-resolution asteroseismology data, mass, and age are predicted by the random forest (RF) method or a convex-hull algorithm. The stellar parameters with a high correlation with mass and age are extracted and the test data set shows that the median relative error of the prediction model for the mass of the large sample is 3%, and for the mass and age of RC stars is 4% and 7%. We also compare the predicted age of RC stars with recent works and find that the final uncertainty of the RC sample could reach 18% for age and 9% for mass; meanwhile, the final precision of the mass for the large sample with different types of stars could reach 13% without considering systematics. All of this implies that this method could be widely used in the future. Moreover, we explore the performance of different machine-learning methods for our sample, including Bayesian linear regression and the gradient-boosting decision tree (GBDT), multilayer perceptron, multiple linear regression, RF, and support vector regression methods. Finally, we find that the performance of a nonlinear model is generally better than that of a linear model, and the GBDT and RF methods are relatively better.
Determination of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations with damping
Authors: Shi Wei , Yang Xinguang , Yan Xingjie
Published: August 2022

This paper is concerned the determination of trajectories for the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping subject to periodic boundary condition. By using the energy estimate of Galerkin approximated equation, the finite number of determining modes and asymptotic determined functionals have been shown via the Grashof numbers for the non-autonomous and autonomous damped Navier-Stokes fluid flow respectively.
National shipbuilding, international technology: technological exchange in 18th century European shipyards
Authors: Jorgensen Ida Christine
Published: August 2022

As England and France were engaged in regular naval battles throughout the 18th century, the situation was rather quiet in Denmark, while Sweden experienced sporadic wars. Nevertheless, the overall political situation was nothing but unstable, so while the motivation for keeping the navy on its toes was high within all four nations, the methods of gaining advanced technology for shipbuilding were very different. Technological exchange carried out between European shipyards took the form of prizes of war, industrial espionage and migration. It resulted in a network of relations that rendered national shipbuilding a technologically international matter.
An overview of three decades of dendrochronology applied to ancient Mediterranean shipwrecks in southeastern France
Authors: Guibal Frédéric , Domínguez Alba Ferreira , Boetto Giulia , Shindo Lisa , Greck Sandra , Pomey Patrice
Published: August 2022

Three decades of dendrochronology applied to ancient Mediterranean shipwrecks in southeastern France have resulted in a considerable improvement in knowledge about the wood resources used in ancient shipbuilding. However, in terms of dating, the success rate of dendrochronological analyses is still very low. The possible causes of this low rate are discussed through two case studies: the first pertaining to the shipwrecks from the ancient harbour of Toulon (1st-3rd centuries AD); the second to a couple of fluvial barges discovered in the Rhône River (mid 1st-beginning of the 2nd centuries AD).
Preliminary results of the wood analyses of the Roman vessels of Caska, island of Pag, Croatia
Authors: Domínguez Alba Ferreira , Guibal Frédéric , Boetto Giulia , Rossi Irena Radić
Published: August 2022

Two assemblages compose the scuttled Roman vessels discovered in Caska inlet (Pag Island, Croatia): three sewn boats (Caska 1, 3 and 4) and one mortise-and-tenon constructed ship (Caska 2). While the wood species used for the construction of the sewn boats are quite similar (beech trunks split radially for planking), the construction of Caska 2 shows greater heterogeneity and more common use of conifer species for planking. The systematic identification of the wood species, the analysis of the morphological characteristics and the tree-ring dating of a large number of ship’s components provide new insight into ancient Adriatic shipbuilding traditions.
The Bremen-Cog: environmental issues
Authors: Belasus Mike , Daly Aoife , Martins Adolfo Miguel
Published: August 2022

The Bremen-Cog was dated by dendrochronology in the 1960s when the discipline was in its infancy. The felling date of winter 1378/79 in the Weser Uplands was established and confirmed in 2007. In 2016 a new comprehensive analysis of the ship was made possible. All analysed samples are from trees likely felled in the last quarter of the 14th century in the direct hinterlands of Bremen. Furthermore, an attempt at tree morphology reconstruction and a detailed investigation into the trees’ growing features were carried out, revealing a poor timber quality, which was originally not necessarily intended for the purpose of shipbuilding.
Timber supply for Vasa: new discoveries
Authors: Daly Aoife
Published: August 2022

Purchase records tell us that timber for building the Vasa, ­comple­ted in Stockholm in 1628, was bought from southeastern Sweden, Königsberg and Amsterdam (Cederlund 1966). An extensive tree-ring analysis of the timbers used to build Vasa is revealing details of the use of timbers in the hull from different sources. As part of the project entitled “Northern Europe’s timber resource – chronology, origin and exploitation (TIMBER),” the study of the timber for Vasa can be directly compared to the historical record of timber purchases, so that details of the volumes of timber that were supplied from the different sources can be outlined.
The Cossack boat of 1737 as an example of shipbuilding in the first half of the 18th century
Authors: Kobaliia Dimitri , Yermolaieva Ksenia
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to a ‘new style’ Cossack boat. It was investigated and raised near Khortytsia Island, Ukraine, in 1999. Such vessels were part of the Dnieper rowing flotilla in 1737–1739. The Cossack boats were armed with four falconets and could both be rowed and sailed. The interior space consisted of five zones: a foredeck, two rowing sections, a cargo section and a poop deck. The boat is carvel planked with oak framing of futtocks and floor timbers, a mast step, four swivel-gun stands, a keelson and a number of partitions. The planking and the knees were made of pine.
The Penglai 3 Shipwreck in Context: Korean Shipbuilding in the Late 14th and Early 15th Centuries
Authors: Peladan Damien
Published: August 2022

The latest developments in Korean nautical archaeology have provided a clearer picture of what medieval shipbuilding in Korea looked like. However, the Penglai 3 shipwreck, excavated in China and dated to the late 14th or early 15th century, though unequivocally Korean in its basic structure, shows features which have never been seen before or since on other Korean ship-wrecks. The present paper aims to explain the uniqueness of this ship by examining the speciﬁc historical context in which it was built, at a time when the Korean court was conducting experiments with various techniques.
Sailing Ma‘agan Mikhael II
Authors: Palzur Yochai , Cvikel Deborah
Published: August 2022

The Ma‘agan Mikhael ship, dated to 400 BC, was built shell-first. Due to its significance, the archaeological find was completely excavated, retrieved from the seabed, conserved, and is now displayed in the Hecht Museum at the University of Haifa. The construction of a sailing replica of the ship took two years (2014–2016), using the techniques of the ancient shipwrights. The replica was launched in December 2016, and since then has made more than 50 sailings along the Israeli coast, which have provided essential information on ancient sailing techniques.
Reconstruction of the Byzantine shipwreck Yenikapı 12
Authors: Özsait-Kocabaş Işıl
Published: August 2022

Yenikapı 12 was discovered at the Yenikapı site in Istanbul, Turkey. The shipwreck has been dated to the 9th century AD. According to the reconstruction, Yenikapı 12 was a small merchantman, approximately 9.24 m long and 2.64 m wide. It was propelled by a single-mast lateen sail and controlled by two quarter rudders. The full-scale sailing replica of the Yenikapı 12 was built based on the archaeological remains. The objective of the reconstruction was to conceive a 9th century AD trading vessel in its original form and dimensions, to identify its functionality, performance and capacity.
The Skuldelev 3 reconstruction, Roar Ege: from reconstruction to retirement
Authors: Dael Martin Rodevad , Sørensen Tríona
Published: August 2022

In 1982, the Viking Ship Museum embarked upon its first full-scale reconstruction of a Viking ship. The vessel in question was based on the remains of Skuldelev 3, an 11th-century coastal transport and trading vessel, which had been excavated 20 years previously. The reconstruction, Roar Ege, was launched in 1984 and retired from service in 2016, providing a complete data set over the lifespan of a reconstructed Viking ship. This article will present an object biography of Roar Ege, from the perspective of both the boatbuilder and archaeologist, detailing the manner in which the hull has deteriorated, and the components involved in its decline.
Computational fluid dynamics: floating a digital Barcode 02
Authors: Fawsitt Sarah , Hobberstad Lin Cecilie
Published: August 2022

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a mathematically based method of simulating fluid. Tank testing and full-scale reconstructions of archaeological boat finds are generally prohibitively expensive for archaeological projects. The aim of this study is to run a hypothetical model of Barcode 02 through a CFD simulation and to find out how useful and usable it could be for maritime archaeologists. CFD is time consuming and requires many iterations to draw concrete conclusions on the sailing ability of a boat model. Experience with nautical engineering, applied mathematics or physics would be an advantage in interpreting the results.
The 16th-century pump from Gagliana Grossa: preliminary results of recording and analysis
Authors: Batur Katarina , Radić Rossi Irena
Published: August 2022

During excavations on the 16th-century Gnalić shipwreck, elements of the ship’s pump were located. Surviving artefacts associated with the pump consist of the pump well and lower pump tube. This paper discusses the pump assemblage and findings noted during fieldwork. These discoveries are particularly valuable as it is the only example providing construction characteristics of a ship’s pump from a late 16th-century Venetian round ship.
The medieval shipwreck from Kalverev Syd, Denmark
Authors: H. Thomsen Mikkel
Published: August 2022

Prior to the building of a new bridge across the Storstrømmen sound the Viking Ship Museum excavated a section of a clinker-built vessel with external waterproofing laths and sintels, dendro­chronologically dated to circa AD 1250‑1255. The find was documented in situ using 3D photogrammetry and subsequently salvaged for further 3D laser scan documentation and conservation. This paper presents the sparse vessel remains and places them in the context of medieval shipbuilding traditions as they are currently understood. A comprehensive programme of scientific analyses provides insight into the working life and perhaps even the internal arrangement of the vessel.
Ship shapes: digitising historic ship models
Authors: McCarthy John K. , Duivenvoorde Wendy van
Published: August 2022

This ongoing PhD project involves the gathering of data on large Dutch merchant ships of the 17th and 18th centuries and the conver­sion of that data into a common spatial format. It is hoped that this will give new insights into shipbuilding during this period. As part of this project a large proportion of the known models of this type and period have been digitised in partnership with museums across Europe. Using this data the project also looks at how 3D data of this type can facilitate the dissemination of accurate mari­time archaeological data and museum collections to the public.