bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods of Using Twitter in Marketing the Activities of Public Relations Departments in the Saudi Airline Market: أساليب استخدام تويتر في الأنشطة التسويقية لإدارات العلاقات العامة بسوق الطيران السعودي
Authors: Khalid Hamed Aljabri Khalid Hamed Aljabri
Published: January 2022

The study aimed to identify the most important marketing activities of public relations departments in the Saudi aviation market, and to identify the methods of using Twitter in the marketing activities of public relations departments in the Saudi aviation market. It also aimed to reveal its strengths and weaknesses, and to monitor the content of marketing tweets published by public relations departments in the Saudi aviation market via Twitter. The study sample consists of the twitter accounts of the General Authority of Civil Aviation, Saudi Arabian Airlines, and Flynas. The study concluded that the most important marketing activities of the public relations departments in Saudi Airlines and flynas were to respond to the customer in private, and then allocate a number for the customer to follow up with him. The study concluded by extracting the most prominent methods of using Twitter in the marketing activities of public relations departments in the Saudi aviation market, where these methods consisted of communicating with the customer with the reservation number for his service, then responding to the customer in private, and then welcoming the customer. The study also showed that the most important strengths in the marketing activities of public relations departments in the Saudi aviation market are the immediate response to the customer's inquiry, and then allocating a number to follow up the customer's complaint. On the other hand, the most important weaknesses in the marketing activities of the public relations departments in the Saudi aviation market are that communication takes place only via the ticket number or the reservation reference number, and then the weakness of scheduling new flights. The study showed that the most prominent contents of the marketing tweets published by the public relations departments in the Saudi aviation market consisted of re-tweets and admiration, and then directing customers to their inquiries.
The reasons for the violence of parents towards the teaching staff from the point of view of the directors of public schools in villages west of Ramallah: أسباب عنف أولياء الأمور تجاه الهيئة التدريسية من وجهة نظر مديري/ات المدارس الحكومية في قرى غرب رام الله
Authors: Ramadan Hassan Abu Safiya, Khalil Ibrahim Abdel Razek Ramadan Hassan Abu Safiya, Khalil Ibrahim Abdel Razek
Published: January 2022

This study aims to identify the causes of parent’s violence towards the teaching staff from the point of view of the directors of governmental schools in villages west of Ramallah. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach due to its suitability for the purposes of the study. They used the random sample method, distributed upon (24) retrieved, The study reached several results; the most important is that the causes of parent’s violence towards the teaching staff came in a high degree in the overall field, as the percentage of responses reached (71%). In addition, it was found that the highest areas represented in the family’s causes as its percentage reached (80%), and then the follower are the school’s reasons as their percentage reached (62%). Researchers attribute the rising phenomenon of parent’s violence towards the teaching staff to the absence of effective systems and laws that control the relationship between the two parties. In addition to the political conditions experienced by the Palestinian community, and the lack of awareness of the educational role that the teaching staff play during their dealing with students, which reinforces the phenomenon of violence by parents towards the teaching staff. The study recommends: Strengthening the level partnership relationship between faculty members and parents of students to reduce the problem of violence between the two parties by activating of the role of parent councils. And Enhance teachers' active and constructive communication skills with students' parents on a permanent and continuous basis.
Assessment of spatial suitability of ecotourism sites in Al-Ahsa governorate, Saudi Arabia, by using GIS: تقييم الملاءمة المكانية لمواقع السياحة البيئية في محافظة الأحساء بالمملكة العربية السعودية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية
Authors: Amal Bashir Al-Balawi, Sarra Al-Habib Ouerghi Amal Bashir Al-Balawi, Sarra Al-Habib Ouerghi
Published: January 2022

The study assessed the spatial suitability of the natural ecotourism sites in Al-Ahsa governorate in Saudi Arabia, through this assessment, the study aimed to identify the components of ecotourism sites in the study area at an initial step and, at a second step, produce maps that would determine their spatial suitability for ecotourism using GIS technology. Based on a series of steps and process, the study began with the construction of a geographic database of the region's tourism natural resources that reached the number of 21 sites, which have been extracted from various data sources. After this step criteria of spatial suitability of the natural ecotourism sites have been defined and selected Based on standards of the Ministry of Municipal Rural Affairs and housing, standards of the Saudi commission for Tourism and National Heritage and standards derived from literary references. These criteria consisted of a natural and human standard that have a direct impact on the success of a tourist site. On the basis of this, twelve criteria have been identified and represented in the form of layer, which have been merged, after assigning a weight to each criterion according to its importance, with each other through the overlay mechanism and produce a map identifying suitable sites for natural environment tourism in the study area. Through this map, the study area is characterized by the existence of ecotourism sites, meeting the requirements and standards of environmental tourism sites, according to three levels of suitability (High, medium, low). 10 sites show a high level of suitability for ecotourism from a total of 21 sites which represents 48% of all sites. while the number of sites with a medium suitability level reached the number of 2 sites, representing 9.5% of all sites. Sites that show the low suitability are 7 sites, which represents 33% of all sites. Through those findings, some recommendations have been proposed, the most important which were: taking care of the ecotourism sites identified in the study area; taking greater care to the infrastructure, especially roads, to ensure easy access to these environmental tourism sites; Adoption of an effective strategy for creating and distributing services near these sites; and finally highlight them to tourists through marketing in tourism guides and programs and the web mapping.
Informal logic in Islamic theology: Argumentative study of the inferential structure theological debate: المنطق غير المحكم في علم الكلام: دراسة حجاجية للبنية الاستدلالية في المناظرة الكلامية
Authors: Hind Khabbah Hind Khabbah
Published: January 2022

Informal logic aims to study arguments formulated in natural language, examine their inferential structure, and extrapolate general criteria that enable us to judge the invalidity of an argument or vice versa. It transcends its limit, which is confined to the infallibility of thought from error, and transcends it to work to overthrow false arguments. Therefore, we decided to reveal this kind of logic through the argumentative theory, which gives the possibility to evoke the domicile and contextual dimension of the subject of the argumentative process, and to highlight the role played by the Ethos, Pathos, Logos, enthymeme, and the introspection of implicit forms in the discourse, and taking into account the psychological and sociological dimensions. and the ideological background, and for this reason, one of the endeavors of this study is to analyze the inferential structure of Islamic theological discourse with analogous denominators, in which the pilgrims relied on the creed. To illustrate this, the "Al-Aslah wa Salaah" debate, which took place between "Al-Jabai" and "Al-Ash'ari", was chosen. by adopting a method that combines analysis and conclusion, imposed by the nature of the subject, which was among the reasons for choosing the intellectual and ideological conflict, which in a large part has become subject to purely political orientations, predicting ideological transformations of a significant degree of danger that seek to crush the constants, and to blind the insights through fallacies. Logical and dissemination on a large scale, so one of the most prominent recommendations that this study urges is to be able to use arguments and logical mechanisms to distinguish between right and wrong and protect oneself from being drawn into arguments that are formed in false and fragile logical images.
Urban growth trends in city of Taif Analyzed with geographical information systems: اتجاهات النمو العمراني بمدينة الطائف باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية
Authors: Adnan Ibrahim M Bn Dfran, Mustafa Mohamed Ali Abbakar Adnan Ibrahim M Bn Dfran, Mustafa Mohamed Ali Abbakar
Published: January 2022

This study sought to determine trends in urban growth between (1380 Ah-1440 Ah) of Taif city as one of the main provinces of mecca. The city of Taif is also witnessing rapid urban and population growth, which led to the expansion of the city of Taif significantly in the north-east direction, so this study aimed to determine the direction of this expansion and its proportion through the use of modern technologies GIS and remote sensing in the process of processing, analysis and interpretation of space visuals obtained from King Abdul Aziz City of Science and Technology and digital and paper maps from the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and then to reach the desired results. By highlighting the results, the results showed a 39-kilometer urban extension to the northeast of the city center due to the easy nature of the land and the remoteness of the rugged mountainous areas. One of the most prominent recommendations of the study is to take care of roads and link new neighborhoods to the old in new ways, as the population is increasing and the roads are still the same as they have not kept pace with this expansion. Work to develop neighborhood's and model schemes in the north-east and provide key services in order to create.
The impact of the Covid- 19 crisis on family life in Saudi society: Descriptive study on a sample of families in Jeddah: تأثير أزمة كوفيد- 19 على الحياة الأسرية في المجتمع السعودي (دراسة وصفية على عينة من الأسر في مدينة جدة)
Authors: Sara Ibrahim Al- Nahdi, Roaa Hassan Al- Subhi Sara Ibrahim Al- Nahdi, Roaa Hassan Al- Subhi
Published: January 2022

This study aimed at identify the impact of the Covid- 19 crisis on the interaction between spouses, on the self- development of family members, on recreational activities within the family, and to determine the relationship between the impact of the Covid- 19 crisis and a range of variables (type, social status, age, number of children, monthly income), and this study was applied to a sample of families in Jeddah, where the sample size (600) from couples. The approach used in the study was the social survey of the random sample in question, and the questionnaire was the data collection tool, and through the analysis of the study data the following results emerged: Covid- 19 had a positive impact on married couples at the center of interaction between spouses and the focus of recreational activities, the study also showed that the impact of the Covid- 19 crisis on the self- development of family members was somewhat positive, That there are statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) in recreational activities due to the difference in age variable for age groups under 40 years of age, and it was noted that females had a tendency towards self- development as well as recreational activities more than males during the Covid- 19 pandemic. The study recommends further studies dealing with crisis departments within the family, and their impact on the quality of family life, in the light of epidemic crises, to find more accurate results in order to create the era of crisis and the lack of research that deals with them from a social perspective, and to ensure that the family is educated and educated and activate its role in finding effective means and using all available resources to exploit the leisure time in the family.
The dangers of new media technology and the challenges of family: مخاطر تكنولوجيا الإعلام الجديد وتحديات الأسرة
Authors: BENHAMZA Houria BENHAMZA Houria
Published: January 2022

Modern technology and new media, that are used in the process of communication between individuals and groups, have become widely popular for various purposes including recreational, cultural, and educational, which led to changes in social structures and in the intellectual, behavioral and cultural patterns of individuals, and had negative effects on Family privacy and functions, which weakened the importance of family upbringing and the family's educational role. In this research paper, we will present the most important social problems facing the family within the process of upbringing in light of the widespread users of social networking sites, especially as a result of Internet addiction among children and youth.
DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY ORIENTED TEXTBOOK ON ELECTROLYTE AND NON-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION MATERIALS
Authors: Saputri Silpia Vilda , Dayanti Nelly , Sari Ratna Kumala , Sartika Rody Putra , Hadi Lukman
Published: January 2022

This study aims to produce electrolyte and non-electrolyte textbooks oriented to critical thinking skills through a problem based learning model that will measure the level of feasibility, response to students and their level of effectiveness. This research refers to the research and development model recommended by Borg & Gal. Data on feasibility rate and response of students are obtained in the form of quantitative data which is converted by the percentage scale of product quality according to the Likert scale. The effectiveness of the book is measured using the average value of N-Gain. The conclusions of this study are textbooks for electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions with feasibility rate of 95.11% criteria "very high", the response rate of students in the early field test 86.92% and the main field test 87.11% in "very high" category, level book effectiveness with the N-Gain average of 0.62 in "medium" category.
ANALYSIS OF ERROR IN DETERMINING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS IN THE CARTESIAN PLANE IN THE FIRST SEMESTER STUDENTS
Authors: Setiawan Yayan Eryk
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the error in determining the distance between two points. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were 6 first-semester students of the mathematics education study program at one of the universities in Malang City who experienced errors in determining the distance between two points. The research instrument consisted of the problem of the distance between two points and the interview guide. The data collected in this study were in the form of student worksheets and interviews. Student work data were analyzed based on the types of errors that aim to determine the characteristics of student errors. The results of the interviews were analyzed by coding words or sentences to find out the causes of student errors. The results showed that there were three errors in determining the distance between two points, namely: misconception caused by misunderstanding and intuitive thinking; miscalculation caused by lack of thoroughness, and fact errors caused by lack of thoroughness and lack of attention to the overall information contained in the problem.
IMPLEMENTATION OF VIBRATION AND WAVES MODULE BASED ON STEM EDUCATION TO IMPROVE HIGHER-ORDER THINKING ABILITY VIEWED FROM STUDENT'S SELF CONFIDENCE
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Saputri Dwi Fajar
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine (1) the effect of implementing STEM-based modules on students' higher order thinking skills; and (2) the effect of self confidence on students' higher order thinking skills. This study used an experimental method with a one way ANOVA research design. The research sample was 18 students in one class and attended vibration and wave courses. The instrument used to measure students' high-order thinking skills in the form of HOTS test questions in the form of essays totaling 10 questions that have high valid and reliable criteria and a closed questionnaire with a Likert scale to measure student self-confidence. The research data were analyzed statistically which included the N-Gain test, analysis prerequisite test and hypothesis testing. The results showed that significantly, learning using STEM-based modules had an effect on students' higher order thinking skills. The increase in students' higher order thinking skills is higher for the level of creating when compared to the level of analyzing and evaluating. Meanwhile, there is no significant effect of self-confidence on students' higher order thinking abilities.
TYPE OF ERROR IN COMPLETING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM BASED ON NEWMAN’S ERROR ANALYSIS (NEA) AND POLYA THEORY
Authors: Winarso Widodo , Wahid Sirojudin , Rizkiah Rizkiah
Published: January 2022

This study disscusses student’s errors in completing mathematical problems based on Newman’s Errror Analysis and Polya Theory. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The subject of this study are 78 students of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 2 Cirebon. The study uses tests and interviews as data collection techniques. Students take a test to determine their mathematical ability, and the test uses sequence and series as subjects. There are 3 phases in collecting data: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Outline of Error analysis is created using five types of student mathematical error of Newman's Error Analysis and four types of student mathematical error of Polya Theory. The study results based on Newman's Error Analysis are errors reading by 1%, error understanding by 0%, error transforms by 3%, error processing ability by 5%, and error encoding by 7%. As the result of the study based Polya theory, errors when understanding the problem by 31%, errors when devising a plan by 11%, errors when carrying out the plan by 9%, and errors when Looking back by 33%. The result of the interview shows that the error occurs when students don’t do calculations carefully, don’t learn the formula, and cannot distinguish between sequence and series. Students also have a lack of understanding when completing the problem about compound interest.
ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICS MID TEST QUESTIONS FOR CLASS VII SMP EDUCATION 21 KULIM
Authors: Putri Anisa , Roza Yenita , Maimunah Maimunah
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the items for the mathematics middle exam at SMP Education 21 Kulim grade VII for the 2020/2021 academic year in terms of the level of validity, reliability, level of difficulty, and discriminating power of questions. The research method used is descriptive quantitative. The data is in the form of 20 essay questions which are analyzed using Anates software Version 4.0. The results of the analysis of the level of validity are stated to be not good because overall it has a valid percentage of <70%. From the level of reliability, it is stated that it is not good because it has a reliability of <0.7. From the level, it is stated that the difficulty level is not good because <70% of the total number is classified as moderate. From the power of distinction, it is stated that the overall question has good distinguishing power because <70% of the total questions are classified as good. The solution is that these questions are not used and revisions are made. Thus, based on the test quality indicators, it can be said that the final semester tests are not of high quality.
EFFECT OF LEARNING MODEL APPLICATION OF GUIDED LABORATORY INQUIRY TO LOGICAL THINKING ABILITY OF STUDENTS ON HEAT TO ELECTRICITY CONVERSION MATERIAL
Authors: Fauziah Fitri , Suyanto Eko , Wahyudi Ismu , Herlina Kartini
Published: January 2022

This reseach aims to determine the application effect of guided inquiry laboratory model on students’ logical thinking ability on the material of heat to electricity conversion. The population in this reseach were all students of class XII MIA at SMA Negeri 15 Bandarlampung for the 2019/2020 academic year. The technique used is purposive sampling, so that the sample in class XII MIA 1 is obtained in the form of a one group pretest-posttest design. The process of collecting data using interview techniques as a preliminary study and through pretest-posttest. The test question used is the Logical Thinking Test which measures five indicator’s of logical thinking. Hypothesis testing is done by using Paired Sample T-Test. The results of the analysis showed that the average difference between the posttest and pretest scores was 30.80 for all indicators. Data analysis also obtained an average n-gain of 0.55 which is included in the medium category. The n-gain test was also carried out on each indicator and was in the medium category. The variable controlling indicator shows n-gain of 0.65; probabilistic reasoning of 0.66; correlational reasoning of 0.62; proportional reasoning of 0.51; and combinatorial 0,36. Based on the entire analysis test, the results of the reseach showed that there was a significant effect of applying the guided inquiry laboratory model on the students’ logical thinking ability on the material of heat to electricity conversion.
ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION ABILITY ON ASSEMBLAGE MATERIAL FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Anggaraini Dila , Kartini Kartini
Published: January 2022

This study aims to provide description of mathematical representation ability of Pekanbaru Junior High School students based on the answers to assemblage questions. The research method Decriptive method in the form of a survey was used in this research. The research subject are 25 students of class VII. The object of research is the ability of students' mathematical representation on the assemblage material. The data analysis technique uses deductive methods by collecting data, processing data, presenting data and also analyzing data with the help of experts and theories from a literature review. Data was collected by measuring written tests about mathematical representation abilities. Consists of 6 assemblage of essay questions with moderate criteria. Through the validity test, valid results were obtained with moderate and high criteria and had moderately correlated reliability with good criteria. The results of the data test and analysis concluded that students' mathematical representation abilities applied to assemblage material had 91% visual representation skills using diagrams, 76% representation skills using mathematical expressions, and 51% mathematical representation skills using words.
Acute Retinal Necrosis a Potentially Visual Devastating Affection
Authors:   Hopital Militaire d’instruction Mohamed V de Rabat, Morocco, N Khanaouchi , A Khoyali ,   Hopital Militaire d’instruction Mohamed V de Rabat, Morocco, R Zerrouk ,   Hopital Militaire d’instruction Mohamed V de Rabat, Morocco, Y Mouzarii ,   Hopital Militaire d’instruction Mohamed V de Rabat, Morocco, K Reda ,   Hopital Militaire d’instruction Mohamed V de Rabat, Morocco, A Oubaaz ,   Hopital Militaire d’instruction Mohamed V de Rabat, Morocco
Published: January 2022

Acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN syndrome) is a rare condition, caused by DNA viruses. The diagnosis of this condition is mainly based on the suggestive clinical appearance. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is crucial to prevent visual loss. We report the case of 56-year-old women, diabetic, who presented to the emergency room for rapid decrease of visual function of her left eye, which revealed granulomatous uveitis with retinal necrosis.
Shen-Qi-Di-Huang Decoction Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Kidney and Liver Injury by Inhibiting Apoptosis
Authors:   College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China, L Liang , S Hu ,   Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China, S Li ,   College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China, Q Liu ,   College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
Published: January 2022

Purpose: This research delves into the procedure in the pathogenesis of Cisplatin (CIS)-caused liver and kidney impairment and check the defensive effect of shen-qi-di-huang decoction (SQDH). Methods: It divides adult male Wistar rats into four groups of eight animals each: Regulation; SQDH; CIS and SQDH+CIS group. They performed multiple analysis to dissect the mechanisms constraining the implements of SQDH. Results: The stems display that pretreatment with SQDH protects the rats from CIS-induced experience and kidney trauma, as disclosed by diminished degrees of serum ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine, improved histopathological damage in thriving and courage. SQDH significantly reverses CIS-induced dysregulation of apoptotic proteins in liver and kidney. In supplement, SQDH induces the activations of PI3K/AKT in kidney and p38/MAPK in liver, individually. Conclusion: We confirm that SQDH protects against CIS-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, which is probably correlated with the activation of p38/MAPK in liver and PI3K/AKT in kidney.
Erythropoietin Resistant Anaemia among Haemodialysis Patients with Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania, PK Bramania , PJ Ruggajo ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania, FF Furia ,   Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
Published: January 2022

Background: Erythropoietin-resistant anaemia in hemodialysis patients is accompanied by poor outcomes. Malnutrition and inflammation impair effective erythropoiesis through various mechanisms and may cause erythropoietin resistance. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of malnutrition inflammatory complex on erythropoietin resistance among patients on maintenance hemodialysis at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study involving 85 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Participants’ information was collected and recorded in data collection tools; this information included clinical and physical information (body weight and height) and laboratory tests (complete blood count, serum albumin, C-reactive protein, transferrin, total iron, ferritin, and urea). Bodyweight and height were measured and body mass index calculated. Erythropoietin Resistance Index (ERI) was obtained as the weight-adjusted average weekly erythropoietin dose divided by hemoglobin level, while Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) was used to determine Malnutrition Inflammation Complex Syndrome (MICS). Results: Eighty-five participants were recruited for this study, of which 76.5% were males and the mean age was 54.1 ± 13.2 years. MICS was noted in 50.6% participants. The overall mean weight-adjusted ERI of the study population was 20.6 ± 7.7 units/kg per g/dl. Patients with inflammation, MICS, and on long-term hemodialysis had significantly higher mean ERI. On multivariate analysis, ERI significantly correlated with MIS (p <0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: In hemodialysis patients, anaemia resistant to Erythropoietin therapy is linked to malnutrition inflammation complex syndrome. MICS needs to be appropriately treated to achieve target hemoglobin levels.
Identification of Novel UBE3A Mutation Causing Angelman Syndrome
Authors:   Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA, MA Taghizadeh , SA Anvari ,   Department of Pediatrics, Milad Hospital, Iran, YE Eshaghkhani ,   Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, ZA Golchehreh ,   Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, SR Taheri ,   Watson Genetic Laboratory, Iran, MO Keramatipour ,   Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Published: January 2022

The Angelman Syndrome (AS) is neurodevelopmental disease associated with maternal disruption of the UBE3A gene and is mainly characterized by global developmental delay, sever mental retardation with absence of speech, seizures, dysmorphic facial features, and distinct behavioral profile. In this study a pedigree with one affected member with neurodevelopmental disease who was a result of an unconsanguineous marriage were investigated by Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). DNA was extracted from whole blood and library was prepared using Agilent V6 capturing system. WES was performed on Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform. Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) was used for variant calling. Classification of selected variants was done based on ACMG guideline for variant interpretation 2015. WES revealed that the proband has previously unreported nonsense variant (c.2459T>G) in UBE3A gene that causes the substitution of Leu (TTA) with stop codon (TGA), confirming the diagnosis of Angelman syndrome. The patient had delayed motor development, speech impairment, an attention deficit, and an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG), but no seizures by the age of 2 years. This study emphasis the role of WES in the early diagnosis and better management for AS patient.
Carcinogenic Properties of Aflatoxins in Maize Production and Recent Technologies Involved
Authors:   MS Biochemistry, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan, N Mehmood , F Sohail ,   BS Microbiology, Government College University, Pakistan, S Sohail ,   MS Microbiology, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan, M Aslam ,   MS Biotechnology, Government College University, Pakistan, M Ali ,   MS Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan, N Ijaz ,   MS Microbiology, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan, T Aslam ,   MS Biochemistry, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan, H Rana ,   MBBS, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
Published: January 2022

Aflatoxins are the carcinogenic, mutagenic and highly toxic secondary metabolite, which is produced by two species of fungus such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus mostly. These two types of fungus contaminate the cereals crops such as maize, cotton, rice and spices. These are naturally occurring toxins all over the world. There are 20 different types of aflatoxins but out of six have significance importance for instance, AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1 and AFM2. Most commonly, AFB1 and AFB2 are present in the maize crops and M1 and M2 present in the milk and dairy products. Even the small amounts of aflatoxins, which may cause the harmful effects in human and liver stocks. They cause many acute, subacute and chronic diseases such as hepatic carcinoma in human. Aflatoxins can pose a significant economic burden. It caused up to 25-30 % approximately destroy the crops all over. Aflatoxicosis detection from the humans as well as animals is very tough because variation may occur, or sign and symptoms may be change due to the suppressor of immune system that cause many chronic diseases. These aflatoxins are determined and analyzed by the many techniques such as chromatographic techniques mostly HPLC, immunoassays, fluorescence spectroscopy and many biosensors which are very essential to check the quality, quantity and concentration of aflatoxins present in food and feeds. So that, there are many methods to limit the growth of aflatoxins from the grain in pre-harvest, during harvest and post-harvest conditions or also control the environmental conditions and managed the proper storages of the grains that may diminish the aflatoxins levels. Furthermore, they are many techniques and biological control methods are used to control the growth and activities of fungus species that cause the toxicity in food and feeds and protect the grains for the uses of human and animals.
A Guideline Review on Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Focus on Clozapine and other Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies
Authors:   Associate Professor, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, M Zolezzi , Y Eltorki ,   Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Mental Health Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, M Noorizadeh ,   Clinical Pharmacist, Research Assistant, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, O Abdallah ,   Clinical Pharmacist, Mental Health Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
Published: January 2022

Background: Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS) represents a significant challenge in mental health provision. Although underused in clinical practice, clozapine remains the treatment of first choice for TRS. This review aims at reviewing clozapine and other treatment options for TRS as recommended in the most recent schizophrenia Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). Methods: A literature search for CPGs was undertaken in four electronic databases, using the terms: ‘schizophrenia’, ‘clozapine’ and ‘guidelines’. Results: Seven schizophrenia CPGs published by national or professional institutions were identified from the period of 2010-2020. The CPGs varied in the scope of the information provided about clozapine’s role in the management of schizophrenia. However, they provided strong supporting evidence on its efficacy in the management of TRS. Main differences in recommendations provided in the schizophrenia CPGs were in relation to the definition of TRS, on the management of patients with TRS who do not respond to clozapine treatment, and on the breath of information in relation to clozapine’s safety profile and monitoring recommendations. Conclusions and Recommendations: Future iteration of schizophrenia CPGs should address these important gaps in information, including strategies to support the safe use of clozapine to decrease treatment delays and reluctance in the use of this effective medication.
Kdr Resistance Gene and Spatial Distribution of Anopheles gambiae Complex Members in a Secondary City in Central Africa: Ayos Case (South Cameroon)
Authors:   Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon, NT Nopowo , PN Akono ,   Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon, R Ngaha ,   Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon, LE Offono ,   Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon, R Kojom ,   Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon, PN Mache ,   Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon, OE Ngo Hondt ,   Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon, JA Mbida Mbida ,   Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon, RS Mbongue ,   Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Cameroon
Published: January 2022

The study was conducted in December 2019 and February 2020 in two areas of Ayos city, Akoun (urban site) and Ebabodo (peri-urban site), in order to study the spatial distribution of members of the Anopheles gambiae complex, to determine their resistance status and to investigate the occurrence and distribution of the Kdr mutation. Mosquitoes were collected at the larval stage using the dipping method and then reared to the adult stage. The susceptibility of adult populations of An. gambiae s.l. to DDT and pyrethroids was assessed according to the WHO recommended protocol. Mosquitoes from the tests were identified by SINE PCR. Only test survivors were used for Kdr mutation testing by PCR. In the study sites, the gambiae complex was composed of An. coluzzii and An. gambiae living in sympatry in their oviposition sites with a predominance of An. coluzzii in Akoun (90.83%) and Ebabodo (76.69%). Tests with deltamethrin, permethrin and DDT revealed mortality rates of less than 70% whatever the locality of origin of the anopheles. Diagnostic PCR for the Kdr mutation showed that 100% of the survivors had the mutation in both sites, with frequencies of the resistant allele of 1.0 in both species. The high resistance of An. coluzzii and An. gambiae to insecticides requires the development of new insecticidal molecules.
High Level of miR-18a Promote Radiotherapy Progress in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors:   Department of Respiratory, Ziyang Municipal People’s Hospital, Ziyang 641300, Sichuan, China, H Dachuan , Z Xiaobo ,   Department of Respiratory, Ziyang Municipal People’s Hospital, Ziyang 641300, Sichuan, China, W Pengli ,   Department of Respiratory, Ziyang Municipal People’s Hospital, Ziyang 641300, Sichuan, China, Y Zujun ,   Department of Respiratory, Ziyang Municipal People’s Hospital, Ziyang 641300, Sichuan, China, L Xue ,   Department of Respiratory, Ziyang Municipal People’s Hospital, Ziyang 641300, Sichuan, China
Published: January 2022

Palliative radiotherapy has become an important treatment way for local control of advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Current investigation aims to clarify miR-18a as a predictor of radiotherapy sensitivity, its cutoff value for predicting response. 70 patients with NSCLC were enrolled for radiotherapy during the period of 2018-2020. The level of miR-18a in blood were detected by using Quantitative PCR. Another seven variances including age, sex, smoking history, pathologic stage, radiation therapy days, radiation dosage and radiation type were enrolled to predict radiation therapy response. The level of hasmiR- 18a showed higher in patients with poor effects after radiation therapy (P<0.001). The optimal cut-off value of 18.287 for miR-18a alone with AUC of 0.879 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-0.958) can predict the radiation therapy effectiveness. Hsa-mir-18a is significantly positive (β1=-0.2845, P=0.0001) in logistical regression model AUC of 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.811-0.97). Hsa-mir-18a is the most important factors in random forest model with an AUC of 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.6-0.82) for predicting the radiation therapy effectiveness. High expressed hsa-mir-18a positively correlated with radiation therapy progress in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Evaluating the Effect of Post-Operative Radiotherapy on Long Term Survival of Testicular Seminomas: A Population Based Study
Authors:   Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China, X Li , Q Yi ,   Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China, M Li ,   Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China, C Liang ,   Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China, Y Lei ,   Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China, H Tang ,   Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China, M Mao ,   Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China, H Xiao ,   Department of Urology, The First People’s Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To assess the effect of post-operative radiotherapy (PORT) on long term survival in Testicular Seminoma (TS) patients and factors may effect the prognosis of PORT patients. Results: 12957 patients with a median age of 36.00 (13.00-107.00) years were pathologically diagnosed as primary TS. PORT was performed in 3407 patients. Patients with clinical stages I, II, and III testicular cancer accounted for 70.69% (n=9159), 8.30% (n=1075), and 5.72% (n=741) of all patients, respectively. According to results of multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, lower risk of cancer specific mortality was related with PORT in all patients (HR=0.40 95% CI=0.25-0.63 p<0.0001). However, no benefit in survival (p>0.05) was brought by PORT in either clinical stage. Aging, elevated human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase level were related with higher risk of cancer specific mortality in PORT patients (p>0.05). Furthermore, aging and elevated LDH were inversely related with the prognosis of CSI PORT patients. No significant risk factor was observed in CSII and III PORT patients. Conclusion: PORT can be benefit to the long term survival in TS patients, however, it did not show significant advantage in patients of either clinical stage based on the results of our study. Elevation of human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase levels and elder age related with higher risk of CSM in PORT patients. Utilization of PORT in the management of TS should be considered comprehensively.
Atypical 99mTc-HMDP Distribution in a Patient with Poorly Differentiated Laryngeal Carcinoma: A Case of Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia
Authors:   Nuclear Medicine Unit/Imaging Department, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy, C Altini , A Rizzo ,   Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy, I Bruno ,   Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Nucleare, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
Published: January 2022

A 55 years-old man underwent Whole-Body Computed Tomography (CT) in suspicion of laryngeal carcinoma. The CT highlighted a voluminous neck mass with epicenter in the epiglottic region and latero-cervical lymph-nodal involvement. To assess the presence of bone metastasis and to complete the staging, the patient underwent a whole-body bone scintigraphy with 99mTc- HMDP. At the time of the exam, a significant hypercalcemia was detected. The planar scan showed massive 99mTc-HMDP uptake in liver, lungs, heart and pancreas, compatible with the presence of microcalcifications. The laryngeal biopsy evidenced a squamous poorly differentiated laryngeal carcinoma, justifying the functional findings previously reported.
The Use of CT Head in Diagnosing Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors:   SHO, Lincoln County Hospital, UK, S Bodapati , S Aslam ,   SHO, Lincoln County Hospital, UK, A Saiepour ,   SHO, Hull University Teaching Hospital, UK, A Thatuskar ,   Consultant, Lincoln County Hospital, UK
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The aim of our audit was to assess whether a LP is necessary for a diagnosis of SAH if the CT head is negative within six hours. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 701 CT heads over 15 days was carried out at Lincoln County hospital from 1st to 15th January 2020. Provisional diagnosis of each CT head request was recorded. Radiologists’ reports were analyzed and the positive findings were recorded. Patients who had a provisional diagnosis of SAH and had a negative CT head, were further investigated to check if they had a LP and results were recorded. Timing of the CT heads from the onset of symptoms was recorded. Results: Results showed 7% of CT heads were requested to rule out SAH, 51% to rule out other intracranial bleeds and the reminder of requests were for other pathologies. Out of the 7% requests for SAH, 2% were picked up on the CT scans. The remaining 5% of the patients all had LP. All of the LPs were negative and showed no signs of a SAH. The timing of CT scans showed that only 32% of patients with provisional diagnosis of SAH had a CT head within 6 hours. 100% of patients had the CT head done within 12 hours of presentation. Conclusion: More confidence is needed in using CT heads if done within six hours from symptom onset. Due to high risks associated with LPs, pretest probability should be high before considering LPs.
Managing of defence industry complex enterprises’ diversification by digital platforms
Authors: Golubev S. S. , Podolsky A. G.
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the problems of strategic management of the diversification process of the Russian defence industry complex by digital platforms. The purpose of the study was the formation of nonlinear management systems for industrial enterprises, when using digital platforms to cooperation between the defense industry enterprises with each other, and with civilian industrial enterprises.The authors used methods of retrospective analysis, scientific methods of observing the current situation in the field of diversification of industrial production and the use of digital platforms, data collection, and methods of induction and deduction. This approach made it possible to substantiate the feasibility of using digital platforms to increase in the volume of civilian and dual-use products. The consumers and suppliers can communicate in real time to exchange services, products and information.The platforms help to quickly receive information about the products and services of counterparties, automatically analyse them and make effective management decisions on the selection of suppliers. At the same time, civilian industrial enterprises receive high-tech products in cooperation with defence enterprises. Proposals for the formation and use of digital platforms for organising cooperation can be effectively used by defence and civil industrial enterprises in the production of civilian products and dual-use products.
Main directions of production diversification and restructuring in the Russian Defence Industry Complex
Authors: Mishin Yu. V. , Mishin A. Yu.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article is to specify the proposals of the President of the Russian Federation on diversification and restructuring of production for the financial recovery of enterprises and organisations of the Russian Defence Industry Complex in terms of preparing proposals on procedures and tools for determining the optimal range of high-tech civilian products.The methodological basis of the approach proposed in the article is the specificity of the organisation of the production of defenсe products. The use of production and technological specialisation has been proposed as the main principle for developing a market organisational structure for managing a diversified defenсe enterprise.The comparative analysis of the specifics of military and civilian production's organisation have been carried out, and their fundamental differences have been revealed. The recommendations on the choice of optimal range of civilian products being mastered, have been given. The basic principles of building a market organisational structure for managing a diversified production and economic complex have been proposed. Based on this, a typical version of the structure has been presented.Diversification of modern production in the defence complex is a rather long-term labor-intensive and capital-intensive process. The proposals presented in the research paper will allow, especially at the initial stage of its implementation, to optimise the amount of state support through the correct choice of priority areas and projects for the production of high-tech civilian products, and the transition to a new organisational structure. All this will contribute to saving limited budgetary funds and to carrying out the necessary organisational and structural changes in the industry.