bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussion on structure classification and regulation function of histone deacetylase and their inhibitor
Authors: Han Han , Feng Xue , He Ting , Wu Yingfan , He Tianmei , Yue Ziwen , Zhou Weiqiang
Published: September 2023

Epigenetic regulation of genes through posttranslational regulation of proteins is a well‐explored approach for disease treatment, particularly in cancer chemotherapy. Histone deacetylases have shown significant potential as effective drug targets in therapeutic studies aiming to restore epigenetic normality in oncology. Besides their role in modifying histones, histone deacetylases can also catalyze the deacetylation of various nonhistone proteins and participate in the regulation of multiple biological processes. This paper provides a review of the classification, structure, and functional characteristics of the four classes of human histone deacetylases. The increasing abundance of structural information on HDACs has led to the gradual elucidation of structural differences among subgroups and subtypes. This has provided a reasonable explanation for the selectivity of certain HDAC inhibitors. Currently, the US FDA has approved a total of six HDAC inhibitors for marketing, primarily for the treatment of various hematological tumors and a few solid tumors. These inhibitors all have a common pharmacodynamic moiety consisting of three parts: CAP, ZBG, and Linker. In this paper, the structure–effect relationship of HDAC inhibitors is explored by classifying the six HDAC inhibitors into three main groups: isohydroxamic acids, benzamides, and cyclic peptides, based on the type of inhibitor ZBG. However, there are still many questions that need to be answered in this field. In this paper, the structure‐functional characteristics of HDACs and the structural information of the pharmacophore model and enzyme active region of HDAC is are considered, which can help to understand the inhibition mechanism of the compounds as well as the rational design of HDACs. This paper integrates the structural‐functional characteristics of HDACs as well as the pharmacophore model of HDAC is and the structural information of the enzymatic active region, which not only contributes to the understanding of the inhibition mechanism of the compounds, but also provides a basis for the rational design of HDAC inhibitors.
Impact of donor‐recipient age‐difference in adolescent heart transplantation
Authors: Gill George , Rowe Georgina , Zubair M. Mujeeb , Chen Qiudong , Thomas Jason , Chiu Peter , Osho Asishana , Sood Vikram , Schumacher Kurt R. , Emerson Dominic , Bowdish Michael E. , Chikwe Joanna , Fynn‐Thompson Francis
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The relationship between donor age and adolescent heart transplant outcomes remains incompletely understood. We aimed to explore the effect of donor‐recipient age difference on survival after adolescent heart transplantation.

Methods

The United Network for Organ Sharing database was used to identify 2,855 adolescents aged 10–17 years undergoing isolated primary heart transplantation from 1/1/2000 to 12/31/2022. The primary outcome was 10‐year post‐transplant survival. Multivariable Cox regression identified predictors of mortality after adjusting for donor and recipient characteristics. A restricted cubic spline assessed the non‐linear association between donor‐recipient age‐difference and the adjusted relative mortality hazard.

Results

The median donor‐recipient age‐difference was +3 (range ‐13 to +47) years, and 17.7% (n = 504) of recipients had an age‐ difference > 10 years. Recipients with an age‐difference > 10 years had a less favorable pre‐transplant profile, including a higher incidence of priority status 1A (81.6%, n = 411 vs. 73.6%, n = 1730; p = .01). The 10‐year survival rate was 54.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 48.8– 60.4) among recipients with a donor‐recipient age‐difference > 10 years and 66.9% (95% CI: 64.4–69.4) among those with an age‐difference ≤10 years. An age‐difference > 10 years was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 1.43, 95% CI: 1.18–1.72, p < .001). Spline analysis demonstrated that the adjusted mortality hazard increased with increasingly positive donor‐recipient age‐difference and became significantly higher at an age‐difference of 11 years.

Conclusion

A donor‐recipient age‐difference > 11 years is independently associated with higher long‐term mortality after adolescent heart transplantation. This finding may help inform acceptable donor selection practice for adolescent heart transplant candidates.
Prognostic value of systemic immune‐inflammation index in CAD patients: Systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Zhao Zehao , Zhang Xiaoming , Sun Tienan , Huang Xin , Ma Meishi , Yang Shiwei , Zhou Yujie
Published: September 2023

Background

Systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory marker based on neutrophils, platelets and lymphocytes counts, which has potential prognostic value among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients as described by some observational studies. We aimed to provide higher‐certainty evidence to verify the association of SII with poor outcomes of CAD patients.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Ovid and Scopus were searched to find relevant literature exploring the prognostic value of SII among CAD patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) extracted from the literature included were pooled with the fixed‐effect or random‐effect model. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted to detect the source of heterogeneity and evaluate the stability of results.

Results

A total of nine studies with 15,832 participants were included. The quantitative synthesis including eight studies with 15,657 participants showed that the high SII was related to the major adverse cardiovascular event in CAD patients (HR with 95% CI: 2.36 [1.67, 3.33]). After eliminating heterogeneity and adjusting for publication bias, the above result was still robust (HR with 95% CI: 1.67 [1.32, 2.12]). Additionally, we also demonstrated the prognostic values of SII for all‐cause death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke.

Conclusion

Higher SII has prognostic values for adverse outcomes in CAD patients.
Phytochemical diversity impacts herbivory in a tropical rainforest tree community
Authors: Wang Xuezhao , He Yunyun , Sedio Brian E. , Jin Lu , Ge Xuejun , Glomglieng Suphanee , Cao Min , Yang Jianhong , Swenson Nathan G. , Yang Jie
Published: September 2023

Metabolomics provides an unprecedented window into diverse plant secondary metabolites that represent a potentially critical niche dimension in tropical forests underlying species coexistence. Here, we used untargeted metabolomics to evaluate chemical composition of 358 tree species and its relationship with phylogeny and variation in light environment, soil nutrients, and insect herbivore leaf damage in a tropical rainforest plot. We report no phylogenetic signal in most compound classes, indicating rapid diversification in tree metabolomes. We found that locally co‐occurring species were more chemically dissimilar than random and that local chemical dispersion and metabolite diversity were associated with lower herbivory, especially that of specialist insect herbivores. Our results highlight the role of secondary metabolites in mediating plant–herbivore interactions and their potential to facilitate niche differentiation in a manner that contributes to species coexistence. Furthermore, our findings suggest that specialist herbivore pressure is an important mechanism promoting phytochemical diversity in tropical forests.
Determinants of commodity market liquidity
Authors: Jain Pankaj K. , Kayhan Ayla , Onur Esen
Published: September 2023

Using positions data for 18 commodity futures during 2001–2020, we examine systematic and idiosyncratic determinants of Amihud price impact and microstructure noise proxying for permanent and transitory components of commodity futures liquidity. Idiosyncratic factors have the largest economic impact: while excess hedging demand increases PI and noise, active position‐taking (by market‐makers) in excess of the hedging demand reduces noise. Systematic factors, including the lack of competition among liquidity providers, adversely impact liquidity, but this effect is mitigated if liquidity providers are well‐capitalized. Supplementary leverage ratio (SLR) makes holding inventory costlier and is associated with lower liquidity.
Winter is coming: Interactions of multiple stressors in winter and implications for the natural world
Authors: Dinh Khuong V. , Albini Dania , Orr James A. , Macaulay Samuel J. , Rillig Matthias C. , Borgå Katrine , Jackson Michelle C.
Published: September 2023

Winter is a key driver of ecological processes in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in higher latitudes. Species have evolved various adaptive strategies to cope with food limitations and the cold and dark wintertime. However, human‐induced climate change and other anthropogenic stressors are impacting organisms in winter in unpredictable ways. In this paper, we show that global change experiments investigating multiple stressors have predominantly been conducted during summer months. However, effects of anthropogenic stressors sometimes differ between winter and other seasons, necessitating comprehensive investigations. Here, we outline a framework for understanding the different effects of anthropogenic stressors in winter compared to other seasons and discuss the primary mechanisms that will alter ecological responses of organisms (microbes, animals and plants). For instance, while the magnitude of some anthropogenic stressors can be greater in winter than in other seasons (e.g. some pollutants), others may alleviate natural winter stress (e.g. warmer temperatures). These changes can have immediate, delayed or carry‐over effects on organisms during winter or later seasons. Interactions between stressors may also vary with season. We call for a renewed research direction focusing on multiple stressor effects on winter ecology and evolution to fully understand, and predict, how ecosystems will fare under changing winters. We also argue the importance of incorporating the interactions of anthropogenic stressors with winter into ecological risk assessments, management and conservation efforts.
Youth and climate justice: Representations of young people in action for sustainable futures
Authors: Sloan Morgan Onyx , Melchior Fabiola , Thomas Kimberley , McNab‐Coombs Laura
Published: September 2023

From fossil fuel corporations sponsoring climate change education to youth‐washing international gatherings, young people are bombarded, and simultaneously abandoned, by struggles for climate justice. The root issues fuelling interlocking environmental and social crises are often erased in initiatives involving youth. These crises are a direct result of broader, structural conditions that have become the de facto global order and propel notions of sustainable development. In settler colonial contexts such as Canada, colonialism, capitalism and inequitable forms of violence mutually depend upon one another to perpetuate climate injustice. Youth are increasingly aware of these entanglements, while seemingly discouraged from transformative action. With these tensions in mind, this commentary investigates the obstacles youth face despite making key contributions to justice‐focused climate action, and draws attention to the necessity of strengthening meaningful youth engagement. To explore this issue, we engage with climate and environmental justice literature, youth‐led initiatives, and youth representation on a global stage.
A Low‐Cost Programmable Reversing Flow Column Apparatus for Investigating Mixing Zones
Authors: Buskirk Reid E. , Knappett Peter S. K. , Cardenas M. Bayani , Datta Saugata , Borowski Walter S. , Mendoza‐Sanchez Itza
Published: September 2023

This note describes the development and testing of a novel, programmable reversing flow 1D (R1D) experimental column apparatus designed to investigate reaction, sorption, and transport of solutes in aquifers within dynamic reversing flow zones where waters with different chemistries mix. The motivation for constructing this apparatus was to understand the roles of mixing and reaction on arsenic discharging through a tidally fluctuating riverbank. The apparatus can simulate complex transient flux schedules similar to natural flow regimes The apparatus uses an Arduino microcontroller to control flux magnitude through two peristaltic pumps. Solenoid valves control flow direction from two separate reservoirs. In‐line probes continually measure effluent electrical conductance, pH, oxidation–reduction potential, and temperature. To understand how sensitive physical solute transport is to deviations from the real hydrograph of the tidally fluctuating river, two experiments were performed using: (1) a simpler constant magnitude, reversing flux direction schedule (RCF); and (2) a more environmentally relevant variable magnitude, reversing flux direction schedule (RVF). Wherein, flux magnitude was ramped up and down according to a sine wave. Modeled breakthrough curves of chloride yielded nearly identical dispersivities under both flow regimes. For the RVF experiment, Peclet numbers captured the transition between diffusion and dispersion dominated transport in the intertidal interval. Therefore, the apparatus accurately simulated conservative, environmentally relevant mixing under transient, variable flux flow regimes. Accurately generating variable flux reversing flow regimes is important to simulate the interaction between flow velocity and chemical reactions where Brownian diffusion of solutes to solid‐phase reaction sites is kinetically limited.
Metformin‐associated lactic acidosis (MALA): Is it an underestimated entity? A retrospective, single‐center case series
Authors: Kim Susan , Sarwal Amara , Yee Xin Tan , Fraga Sebastian A. Gandarillas , Campion Vincent , Gnanasekaran Isaiarasi
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Metformin is widely considered a first‐line antiglycemic agent due to its cost‐effectiveness and favorable adverse effect profile. However, its use is prohibited in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, due to the risk of potentially lethal metformin‐associated lactic acidosis (MALA). We sought to evaluate MALA cases and outcomes at our institution.

Methods

In this observational, retrospective case series, we reviewed our EMR for all patients who had a metformin level drawn between January 2013 and May 2022 to identify individuals who met the diagnostic criteria for MALA. We evaluated risk factors for MALA, the relationship between metformin level, blood pH, serum bicarbonate, and lactate level and clinical outcomes of ventilator dependency, renal replacement therapy requirement, renal recovery in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients, and survival.

Findings

A total of 107 patients had metformin levels drawn, of which 19 patients met the diagnostic criteria for MALA. In our case series, MALA was primarily seen in AKI (15 patients) secondary to dehydration and sepsis, followed by end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) (4 patients). Intubation was required in 17 patients, of whom 8 were successfully extubated after a mean duration of 14 days. Sixteen patients received renal replacement therapy (RRT). Intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) was performed in nine, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in four, and sequential therapy of IHD and CRRT in three patients. Seven patients, all in the AKI group (46.7%), died while all ESRD patients survived, accounting for an overall mortality rate of 36.8%. Among the eight surviving AKI patients, four had complete renal recovery with renal function returning to baseline, three had partial renal recovery, and one continued to require IHD at the time of discharge to a rehabilitation facility.

Discussion

MALA may be an underrecognized entity. A high level of clinical suspicion leading to prompt and aggressive treatment with RRT may improve mortality rates. Provider and patient education is of paramount importance for safe use of metformin.
Inactive nurses' willingness to return to active nursing during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Lücker Petra , Henning Esther , Kästner Anika , Hoffmann Wolfgang
Published: September 2023

Aims

To investigate factors that influence the willingness of inactive nurses to return to nursing in a crisis situation and to identify aspects that need to be considered with regard to a possible deployment.

Design

A deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis of semi‐structured focus group interviews.

Methods

Semi‐structured focus group interviews with inactive or marginally employed nurses, nurses who have been inactive for some time and nursing home managers in October and November 2021. The participating inactive nurses had declared their willingness for a deployment during the COVID‐19 pandemic or not. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Communication was seen as essential by the participants for an informed decision for or against a temporary return to nursing and to potential or actual deployments. To make them feel safe, inactive nurses need to know what to expect and what is expected of them, for example, regarding required training and responsibilities. Considering their current employment status, some flexibility in terms of deployment conditions is needed.

A remaining attachment to care can trigger a sense of duty. Knowledge of (regular) working conditions in nursing can lead to both a desire to support former colleagues and a refusal to be exposed to these conditions again.

Conclusion

Past working experiences and the current employment situation play a major role in the willingness of inactive nurses to return to nursing in a crisis situation. Unbureaucratic arrangements must be provided for those who are willing to return.

Summary Statement

What already is known ‐ In crisis situations, not every inactive nurse is willing or able to return to nursing and therefore, the ‘silent reserve’ may not be as large as suspected.

What this paper adds ‐ Inactive nurses need to know what to expect and what is expected of them for their decision regarding a return to active patient care during a crisis situation.

Implications for practice/policy – Inactive nurses need to be informed and should be offered free training and refresher courses to ensure patient safety.

Impact

This research shows that the group of inactive nurses are not a silent workforce which can be activated anytime. Those who are able and willing to return to direct patient care in crisis situations need the best possible support – during and between crises.

Reporting Method

This study adhered to COREQ guidelines.

No Patient or Public Contribution

The involvement of patients or members of the public did not apply for the study, as the aim was to gain insight into the motivations and attitudes of the group of inactive nurses.
The role of perceived organizational support for nurses' ability to handle and resolve ethical value conflicts: A mixed methods study
Authors: Skyvell Nilsson Maria , Gadolin Christian , Larsman Pernilla , Pousette Anders , Törner Marianne
Published: September 2023

Aim

To explore if and how nurses' perceived organizational support affects their ability to handle and resolve ethical value conflicts.

Design

A mixed methods design with a longitudinal questionnaire survey and focus group interviews.

Methods

A questionnaire survey in six hospitals in two Swedish regions provided data from 711 nurses responding twice (November–January 2019/2020 and November–January 2020/2021). A cross‐lagged path model tested the mutual prospective influence between the organizational climate of perceived organizational support, frequency of ethical value conflicts, and resulting moral distress. Four focus group interviews were conducted with 21 strategically selected nurses (April–October 2021). Qualitative data collection and analysis were inspired by Grounded Theory.

Results

A climate of perceived organizational support was empowering, contributing to role security. It prospectively decreased the frequency of ethical value conflicts but not the moral distress when conflicts did occur.

Conclusion

It is important to facilitate the development of perceived organizational support among nurses, but also to reduce the occurrence of ethical value conflicts that the nurses cannot resolve.

Implications for the Profession

By ensuring a shared care ideology, good inter‐professional relations within the entire care organization, providing clear and supportive organizational structures, and utilizing competence adequately, healthcare managers can facilitate and support the development of perceived organizational support among nurses. Nurses who are empowered by perceived organizational support are stimulated by and take pride in their work and experience the work as meaningful and joyful.

Impact

The study addressed the question of whether healthcare organizations could support nurses to resolving ethical value conflicts, and thus reduce moral distress. Perceived organizational support is related to factors such as ideological caring alignment and supportive organizational preconditions. This study contributes specific knowledge about how healthcare organizations can empower nurses to effectively resolve ethical value conflicts and thereby reduce their moral distress.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Evolutionary rescue under demographic and environmental stochasticity
Authors: Xu Kuangyi , Vision Todd J. , Servedio Maria R.
Published: September 2023

Populations suffer two types of stochasticity: demographic stochasticity, from sampling error in offspring number, and environmental stochasticity, from temporal variation in the growth rate. By modelling evolution through phenotypic selection following an abrupt environmental change, we investigate how genetic and demographic dynamics, as well as effects on population survival of the genetic variance and of the strength of stabilizing selection, differ under the two types of stochasticity. We show that population survival probability declines sharply with stronger stabilizing selection under demographic stochasticity, but declines more continuously when environmental stochasticity is strengthened. However, the genetic variance that confers the highest population survival probability differs little under demographic and environmental stochasticity. Since the influence of demographic stochasticity is stronger when population size is smaller, a slow initial decline of genetic variance, which allows quicker evolution, is important for population persistence. In contrast, the influence of environmental stochasticity is population-size-independent, so higher initial fitness becomes important for survival under strong environmental stochasticity. The two types of stochasticity interact in a more than multiplicative way in reducing the population survival probability. Our work suggests the importance of explicitly distinguishing and measuring the forms of stochasticity during evolutionary rescue.

Abstract

Non-linear effects of interactions between demographic and environmental stochasticity on the survival probability during evolutionary rescue. This study shows how the effects of selection intensity and genetic variance on the population survival probability, as well as key factors in determining survival, differ during evolutionary rescue under demographic versus environmental stochasticity.
Morphological, histological and phylogenetic identification of three species ofMyxobolus(Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) infecting different carp lineages in China
Authors: Zhang Bo , Tu Xiao , Gu Zemao
Published: September 2023

The global cultivation of common carpCyprinus carpiois developed primarily for either food or recreational purposes and myxosporean infections causing significant economic losses are regularly troublesome for carp farmers. However, most myxosporean species are poorly characterized, making it difficult to correctly elaborate on their parasitism mode and determine pathogenicity. Here, based on an integrative approach, we supplemented fundamental information on threeMyxobolusspecies infecting different carp lineages in China.Myxobolus elliptoidesWu et Chen, 1987; Nine new species of Myxosporida from freshwater fish of Wuhu lake, Hubei, China.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,11, 161 formed yellowish pseudocysts in the anal fin of common carp and were observed with ellipsoidal myxospores and two polar capsules of distinct dimensions. The dermal tissue within the fin ray was regarded as the type site for growing plasmodia ofM.elliptoides.Myxobolus basilamellarisLom et Molnar, 1983;Myxobolus basilamellarissp. n. (myxozoa, Myxosporea), a parasite of the gills of common carp (Cyprinus carpioL.).Folia Parasitologica,30, 1 aggregated ellipsoidal myxospores at the base of the gill filaments of koi carp juvenile, causing significant tissue damage.Myxobolus artusAchmerov, 1960, enwrapped in diffuse pseudocysts, was observed throughout the trunk muscle of mirror carp. Its oblate myxospores were asymmetrical and contained two unequal‐sized polar capsules. According to the localization of large plasmodia, inter‐ and intramuscular preferences were displayed byM. artus. For precise species identification, we provided the SSU rDNA sequences for each species ofMyxobolus. Among them,M. elliptoideswas molecularly characterized for the first time, showing the highest 94.21% identity toThelohanellus sinensis(KY469292). Phylogenetically, the affinity of bothM. artusandM. basilamellaristo their conspecific species derived from different carp lineages was highly supported. Moreover, the intermixed cluster ofMyxobolusspecies, includingM. elliptoides, with those ofThelohanellusspecies provided evidence for querying the monophyletic evolution history of these taxa. This work updates the appreciation of the concerned species and enhances our understanding of the parasite fauna of common carp.
Tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation is under the control of serine 40
Authors: Stoop Jesse , Douma Erik H. , van der Vlag Marc , Smidt Marten P. , van der Heide Lars P.
Published: September 2023

Tyrosine hydroxylase catalyzes the initial and rate‐limiting step in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine. The phosphorylation state of Ser40 and Ser31 is believed to exert a direct effect on the enzymatic activity of tyrosine hydroxylase. Interestingly, some studies report that Ser31 phosphorylation affects Ser40 phosphorylation, while Ser40 phosphorylation has no effect on Ser31 phosphorylation, a process named hierarchical phosphorylation. Here, we provide a detailed investigation into the signal transduction mechanisms regulating Ser40 and Ser31 phosphorylation in dopaminergic mouse MN9D and Neuro2A cells. We find that cyclic nucleotide signaling drives Ser40 phosphorylation, and that Ser31 phosphorylation is strongly regulated by ERK signaling. Inhibition of ERK1/2 with UO126 or PD98059 reduced Ser31 phosphorylation, but surprisingly had no effect on Ser40 phosphorylation, contradicting a role for Ser31 in the regulation of Ser40. Moreover, to elucidate a possible hierarchical mechanism controlling tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation, we introduced tyrosine hydroxylase variants in Neuro2A mouse neuroblastoma cells that mimic either phosphorylated or unphosphorylated serine residues. When we introduced a Ser40Ala tyrosine hydroxylase variant, Ser31 phosphorylation was completely absent. Additionally, neither the tyrosine hydroxylase variant Ser31Asp, nor the variant Ser31Ala had any significant effect on basal Ser40 phosphorylation levels. These results suggest that tyrosine hydroxylase is not controlled by hierarchical phosphorylation in the sense that first Ser31 has to be phosphorylated and subsequently Ser40, but, conversely, that Ser40 phosphorylation is essential for Ser31 phosphorylation. Overall our study suggests that Ser40 is the crucial residue to target so as to modulate tyrosine hydroxylase activity.

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Low tongue pressure and depression using Kihon Checklist for assessing frailty status among community‐dwelling Japanese older adults: A pilot study
Authors: Yoshikawa Mineka , Nishikawa Yuichi , Kitagawa Masae , Nagao Akiko , Hiraoka Aya , Haruta Azusa , Takeuchi Maho , Yoshida Mitsuyoshi , Tsuga Kazuhiro
Published: September 2023

Background

Evaluation of low tongue pressure is used to diagnose oral hypofunction. The pathophysiology of oral hypofunction is hypothesized to be associated with oral dysfunction related to ageing. Depression in older adults is a major problem and is related to handgrip strength, which is related to tongue pressure. We hypothesized that low tongue pressure could indicate depression mood in community‐dwelling older adults.

Objectives

This study aimed to measure maximum tongue pressure and compare it to the responses to the Kihon Checklist (KCL), which is used to check mental and physical deterioration of community‐dwelling older adults.

Methods

A total of 49 community‐dwelling independent older adults with stable dental condition (23 men, 26 women; median age, 79 years) answered the KCL, which contained questions on frailty status, cognitive function, nutritional and sarcopenia status. Oral function was measured to assess oral hypofunction. The relationship between tongue pressure differences and frailty status, cognitive function, nutritional and sarcopenia status was analysed using logistic regression analyses after adjusting for age and sex.

Results

Nine participants (6 men and 3 women; median age, 81 years) had a tongue pressure <23.0 kPa, which was the lowest limit of the standard value of maximum tongue pressure in patients aged ≥70 years. Logistic regression analyses showed that only Question 21, which is related to a lack of fulfilment in daily life, was significantly associated with low tongue pressure (p = .027).

Conclusion

Low tongue pressure may be associated with sociopsychological factors in older adults.
Current evidence for non‐pharmaceutical, non‐surgical treatments of canine osteoarthritis
Authors: Pye C. , Clark N. , Bruniges N. , Peffers M. , Comerford E.
Published: September 2023

Osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative disease process that affects a significant proportion of the canine population, impacting these animals' quality of life. Currently, there is no cure and treatment consists of managing the clinical signs of pain and reduced mobility. There are many treatments for canine osteoarthritis and in this review we discuss the evidence base behind non‐pharmaceutical, non‐surgical treatments of this disease. These treatments include weight management, nutraceuticals, acupuncture, physiotherapies such as therapeutic exercise, hydrotherapy as well as other therapeutic modalities including photobiomodulation therapy, electromagnetic field therapy and others.
Fast topology optimization of phononic crystal‐based metastructures for vibration isolation by deep learning
Authors: Liu Chen‐Xu , Yu Gui‐Lan , Liu Zhanli
Published: September 2023

A novel deep learning‐based optimization (DLBO) methodology is proposed for rapidly optimizing phononic crystal‐based metastructure topologies. DLBO eliminates the need for pre‐optimized data by leveraging the learned relation from metastructure features to bandgaps. It enables optimization based on qualitative/quantitative descriptions and forms a regular generalization domain to avoid misjudgments. DLBO achieves similar or better results to genetic algorithm (GA) and only requires 0.01% of the time GA costs. Metastructures with different periodic constants and filling fractions are also optimized, offering insights for balancing space, material, and vibration isolation. Based on a newly defined objective function, an economical metastructure is customized for subway‐induced vibrations; and its performance on vibration isolation is verified through a 3D finite element model. Additionally, the datasets and codes in this study are shared.
Evaluation of maxillary sinus volumes and pathologies in children with and without cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Altun Busra Dilara , Dumlu Asim
Published: September 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the maxillary sinus (MS) volume and pathologies, nasal septum (NS) deviation, and MS septa formation in children with and without cleft lip and palate (CLP); also to investigate the possible causes of MS pathologies.

Materials and Methods

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of 200 (100 CLP, 100 control) children (5–18 years old) were evaluated from the computer database of Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry. Children with a history of maxillofacial trauma, diseases that affect bone metabolism, orthognathic surgery, extrinsic pathologies of the MS, and accompanying syndromes were excluded. NS deviation, MS septa formation, volume, and pathologies evaluated using Mimics® software. In statistical evaluations; Student t test, paired sample t test, Chi‐Square test, Fisher's Exact Chi‐Square test, Continuity Correction, Chi‐square analysis in one‐eyed layout, McNemar test, and logistic regression analysis were used.

Results

Total MS volume was smaller in the CLP group (21 232 mm3) than in control children (23 763 mm3) (P:0.026). NS deviation and MS pathology were more frequent in the CLP. In logistic regression analysis, there was no significant relation between the presence of NS deviation and pathology in MS. The presence of CLP increased the risk of MS pathology by 2.6 times.

Conclusion

We found that children with CLP have less MS volume and an increased rate of NS deviation and MS pathology compared to the control group. Further radiological and clinical studies are needed to explain the predisposing factors of MS pathology in children with CLP.
Prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty in community‐dwelling older adults: Results from the Korean longitudinal study of aging
Authors: Lee Taewha , Chung Jane , Song Kijun , Ji Yoonjung
Published: September 2023

Background

Cognitive frailty, a condition characterized by physical frailty with cognitive impairment, is emerging as a determinant of adverse health outcomes in older adults. However, its prevalence and correlation with associated factors are unknown in the aging population of Korea.

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of cognitive frailty and identify factors associated with it among older Korean adults.

Methods

A secondary analysis was performed using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging seventh survey dataset collected in 2018. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between cognitive frailty and demographic, psychosocial, oral health and physical function factors. Individuals aged ≥65 years and without dementia were included (N = 1024). Participants were classified into four groups based on the presence or absence of physical frailty and mild cognitive impairment. This article is executed in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement.

Results

The prevalence of cognitive frailty in the study sample was 11.2%. The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that advanced age, being female, lower education levels, heart disease, arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, underweight, depression, non‐social activity, poor oral health and functional limitation were significantly associated with cognitive frailty.

Conclusions

Cognitive frailty is prevalent among community‐dwelling older adults in Korea. The findings provide primary care providers with insights about effective strategies for identifying at‐risk individuals and will guide the development of population‐level interventions to prevent or delay the onset of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in older adults.

Implications for practice

The findings provide practical information to healthcare providers for identifying cognitive frailty in older adults. The risk factors of cognitive frailty, such as psychosocial, oral health, and physical function factors, should be thoroughly monitored for older adults. Health personnel working in primary care have a critical role in identifying risk and beneficial factors and promoting preventative strategies that enhance health outcomes.
“For just decisions we need you!”: Relational decision‐making and the bureaucratic exclusion of “poor others”
Authors: Achermann Christin , Borrelli Lisa Marie , Pfirter Luca
Published: September 2023

Focusing on the intersections between bureaucracies of welfare and migration control, this article interrogates how decisions about the future stay of non‐citizens receiving social assistance are made in a relational interplay of different offices and actors in Switzerland. We investigate how relational decision‐making is fundamental in crafting legitimate decisions about the exclusion of “poor others.” Based on ethnographic fieldwork with diverse actors involved in migration control enforcement and welfare policy implementation, this article contributes to understanding how legal regulations turn into social reality. We show that a multitude of actors, including social services, inform and affect migration control‐related decisions. This relationality co‐produces the outcome and legitimacy of the final decision taken by the respective migration office. In turn, the actors’ fields of action, values, and procedures are themselves affected by this relational involvement. The relational character of decision‐making therefore involves an expansion of migration control into other bureaucratic and social fields that co‐construct legitimate decisions concerning the deportation of “poor others” and create the illusion of a “coherent state,” invisibilizing structural inequalities.
Aligning top‐down and bottom‐up modes of governance? How EU Fisheries Local Action Groups support small‐scale fisheries and coastal community development in Sweden
Authors: Linke Sebastian , Siegrist Nathan
Published: September 2023

Small‐scale fisheries and coastal communities experienced dramatic downward trends over recent decades impacting rural development on European coastlines. Fisheries governance in the European Union (EU) follows exogenous top‐down regulations steering fishing practices through detailed regulations. In contrast, the EU's structural funding system of Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) involves an endogenous approach consisting of more participatory bottom‐up processes. This article explores these approaches by investigating the capacity of Swedish FLAGs to support small‐scale fisheries and coastal communities. Using document analyses and interviews, we show that, in principle, the FLAG approach has the capacity to support local fisheries developments and to foreground small‐scale fisheries interests in combination with community interests. However, the unique Swedish FLAG experience reveals a diminished scope for including small‐scale fisheries’ and coastal communities’ interests on a structural basis. The Swedish FLAG experience, we conclude, mirrors a path‐dependent trajectory of marginalisation and disempowerment of local fisheries interests hampering the potential of endogenous development.
Enhancing diagnostic accuracy in common human poxvirus infections during mpox outbreak: A dermoscopy review
Authors: Li Xu , Zhao Mutong , Li Yanfei , Zhang Anda , Liu Ying , Li Jiaojiao , Li Dan , Guo Jingxue , Ma Lin , Mu Qiri
Published: September 2023

Poxviruses belong to the Poxviridae family, a group of pathogens known for their high infectivity in humans, posing significant health threats. One of the most well‐known representatives of poxvirus infections is smallpox, which has been successfully eradicated. However, in recent years, there has been a resurgence in cases of mpox, another member of the Poxviridae family, raising concerns about the potential for a global pandemic or a worldwide health crisis. While the typical clinical presentation of mpox and other poxvirus infections often involves cutaneous lesions, there have been reports of various atypical and non‐classic clinical manifestations. Dermoscopy has emerged as a crucial diagnostic tool, aiding dermatologists in clinical practice to make informed decisions. In this summary, we provide an overview of the clinical and dermoscopic features of representative cutaneous lesions associated with human poxvirus infections, including mpox, orf, milker's nodule, and molluscum contagiosum.
Role of concept map format and student interest on introductory electrochemistry learning
Authors: Wong Rachel M. , Alpizar David , Adesope Olusola O. , Nishida Krista R. A.
Published: September 2023

Electrochemistry, a key topic in introductory chemistry, is a topic that many students struggle with conceptually. Visual learning tools like concept maps allow the externalization of key concepts and the relationships between these concepts may aid in students' acquisition and retention of newly learned electrochemistry concepts. Partnering with a general chemistry instructor, this study explored the effectiveness of two concept map formats—fill‐in‐the‐concepts and student‐corrected maps, on electrochemistry outcomes with undergraduate general chemistry students. To examine students' engagement with these maps, we also explored the role of students' interest. Results indicated that prior knowledge and map condition were significant predictors of students' electrochemistry performance. Specifically, the fill‐in‐the‐concepts condition resulted in better learning outcomes than the map correction condition. Furthermore, students with a higher interest in electrochemistry were more likely to perform well on their respective concept mapping activities, thus, scoring higher on the posttest. These findings suggested that concept maps can effectively represent key concepts of a challenging topic, and are beneficial for students' learning and retention of information. Importantly, instructors may further support learning by providing scaffolds in the form of fill‐in‐the‐concept maps to help students better organize their mental structures and identify misconceptions.
On the number of tiles visited by a line segment on a rectangular grid
Authors: Arkhipov Alex , Mendo Luis
Published: September 2023

Consider a line segment placed on a two‐dimensional grid of rectangular tiles. This paper addresses the relationship between the length of the segment and the number of tiles it visits (i.e., has intersection with). The square grid is also considered explicitly, as some of the specific problems studied are more tractable in that particular case. The segment position and orientation can be modeled as either deterministic or random. In the deterministic setting, the maximum possible number of visited tiles is characterized for a given length, and conversely, the infimum segment length needed to visit a desired number of tiles is analyzed. In the random setting, the average number of visited tiles and the probability of visiting the maximum number of tiles on a square grid are studied as a function of segment length. These questions are related to Buffon's needle problem and its extension by Laplace.
An intrinsic approach to relative braid group symmetries on ı$\imath$quantum groups
Authors: Wang Weiqiang , Zhang Weinan
Published: September 2023

We initiate a general approach to the relative braid group symmetries on (universal) quantum groups, arising from quantum symmetric pairs of arbitrary finite types, and their modules. Our approach is built on new intertwining properties of quasi ‐matrices which we develop and braid group symmetries on (Drinfeld double) quantum groups. Explicit formulas for these new symmetries on quantum groups are obtained. We establish a number of fundamental properties for these symmetries on quantum groups, strikingly parallel to their well‐known quantum group counterparts. We apply these symmetries to fully establish rank 1 factorizations of quasi ‐matrices, and this factorization property, in turn, helps to show that the new symmetries satisfy relative braid relations. As a consequence, conjectures of Kolb–Pellegrini and Dobson–Kolb are settled affirmatively. Finally, the above approach allows us to construct compatible relative braid group actions on modules over quantum groups for the first time.
2‐Selmer parity for hyperelliptic curves in quadratic extensions
Authors: Morgan Adam
Published: September 2023

We study the 2‐parity conjecture for Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves over number fields. Under some mild assumptions on their reduction, we prove the conjecture over quadratic extensions of the base field. The proof proceeds via a generalisation of a formula of Kramer and Tunnell relating local invariants of the curve, which may be of independent interest. A new feature of this generalisation is the appearance of terms which govern whether or not the Cassels–Tate pairing on the Jacobian is alternating, which first appeared in work of Poonen–Stoll. We establish the local formula in many instances and show that in remaining cases, it follows from standard global conjectures.
The Hybrid Pathway to Flexible Power Turbines, Part I: Novel Autoencoder Methods for the Automated Optimization of Thermal Probes and Fast Sparse Data Reconstruction, Enabling Real-Time Thermal Analysis
Authors: Baker Mark , Rosic Budimir
Published: September 2023

The global drive toward renewable energy is imposing challenging operating requirements on power turbines. Flexible load-leveling applications must accept more frequent and demanding start-stop cycles. Full transient analyses are too computationally expensive for real-time simulation across all operating regimes so monitoring relies on sparse physical measurements. Alone, these sparse data lack the fidelity for real-time prediction of a complex thermal field. A new hybrid methodology is proposed, coupling data across a range of fidelities to bridge the limitations in the individual analyses. Combining several fidelity methods in parallel, low-order models, corrected by real-time physical measurements, is calibrated with high-fidelity simulations. The multifaceted hybrid approach enables the real-time speed of low-order analysis at high resolution. This paper series develops the critical enabling features of the hybrid method. Real-time cross-fidelity data transition is fundamental to the hybrid methodology. A novel neural network auto-encoder method is presented, facilitating complex thermal profile reconstruction. Uncovering a compressed latent space, auto-encoders leverage underlying data features for fast simulation. Coupled with a dynamic mask and top-k selection, thermal probe placement can be automatically optimized. The auto-encoder method is demonstrated on a turbine casing, reconstructing over 500 h of transient operation in real-time, whilst reducing the required number of measurements by half.