bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring young women’s self-efficacy for healthy eating: Initial development and validation of a new questionnaire
Authors: Simmonds Gregory , Tinati Tannaze , Barker Mary , Bishop Felicity L
Published: April 2015

Healthy eating in women of childbearing age is critical to the health of future generations. Interventions that increase women’s dietary self-efficacy may be particularly effective at improving healthy eating. However, no validated tool exists to measure self-efficacy for healthy eating in this specific population. We therefore designed a new questionnaire (the 8-Item Self-Efficacy for Healthy Diet Scale) using a think-aloud study and expert panel consultation. We then pilot-tested the 8-Item Self-Efficacy for Healthy Diet Scale in an interviewer-administered survey of 94 women recruited primarily from community settings. The 8-Item Self-Efficacy for Healthy Diet Scale is an 8-item measure of self-efficacy for healthy eating with promising psychometric properties including internal consistency, convergent, criterion and divergent validity.
Problem-solving skills training for mothers of children recently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot feasibility study
Authors: Nguyen Cathina T , Fairclough Diane L , Noll Robert B
Published: April 2015

Problem-solving skills training is an intervention designed to teach coping skills that has shown to decrease negative affectivity (depressive symptoms, negative mood, and post-traumatic stress symptoms) in mothers of children with cancer. The objective of this study was to see whether mothers of children recently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder would be receptive to receiving problem-solving skills training (feasibility trial). Participants were recruited from a local outpatient developmental clinic that is part of a university department of pediatrics. Participants were to receive eight 1-h sessions of problem-solving skills training and were asked to complete assessments prior to beginning problem-solving skills training (T1), immediately after intervention (T2), and 3 months after T2 (T3). Outcome measures assessed problem-solving skills and negative affectivity (i.e. distress). In total, 30 mothers were approached and 24 agreed to participate (80.0%). Of them, 17 mothers completed problem-solving skills training (retention rate: 70.8%). Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder who completed problem-solving skills training had significant decreases in negative affectivity and increases in problem-solving skills. A comparison to mothers of children with cancer shows that mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder displayed similar levels of depressive symptoms but less negative mood and fewer symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Data suggest that problem-solving skills training may be an effective way to alleviate distress in mothers of children recently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Data also suggest that mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder were moderately receptive to receiving problem-solving skills training. Implications are that problem-solving skills training may be beneficial to parents of children with autism spectrum disorder; modifications to improve retention rates are suggested.
Process guidelines for establishing Intercoder Reliability in qualitative studies
Authors: MacPhail Catherine , Khoza Nomhle , Abler Laurie , Ranganathan Meghna
Published: April 2015

Qualitative interviews are increasingly being utilized within the context of intervention trials. While there is emerging assistance for conducting and reporting qualitative analysis, there are limited practical resources available for researchers engaging in a group coding process and interested in ensuring adequate Intercoder Reliability (ICR); the amount of agreement between two or more coders for the codes applied to qualitative text. Assessing the reliability of the coding helps establish the credibility of qualitative findings. We discuss our experience calculating ICR in the context of a behavioural HIV prevention trial for young women in South Africa which involves multiple rounds of longitudinal qualitative data collection. We document the steps that we took to improve ICR in this study, the challenges to improving ICR, and the value of the process to qualitative data analysis. As a result, we provide guidelines for other researchers to consider as they embark on large qualitative projects.
Dynamic hyperinflation during activities of daily living in COPD patients
Authors: Silva Cláudia S , Nogueira Fabiana R , Porto Elias F , Gazzotti Mariana R , Nascimento Oliver A , Camelier Aquiles , Jardim José R
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate whether some activities of daily living (ADLs) usually related to dyspnea sensation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with dynamic lung hyperinflation (DH) and whether the use of simple energy conservation techniques (ECTs) might reduce this possible hyperinflation. Eighteen patients (mean age: 65.8 ± 9.8 years) with moderate-to-severe COPD performed six ADLs (walking on a treadmill, storing pots, walking 56 meters carrying a 5-kilogram weight, climbing stairs, simulating taking a shower, and putting on shoes) and had their inspiratory capacity (IC) measured before and after each task. The patients were moderately obstructed with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1): 1.4 ± 0.4 L (50% ± 12.4); FEV1/forced vital capacity: 0.4 ± 8.1; residual volume/total lung capacity: 52.7 ± 10.2, and a reduction in IC was seen after all six activities ( p < 0.05): (1) going upstairs, 170 mL; (2) walking 56 meters carrying 5 kilogram weight, 150 mL; (3) walking on a treadmill without and with ECT, respectively, 230 mL and 235 mL; (4) storing pots without and with ECT, respectively, 170 mL and 128 mL; (5) taking a shower without and with ECT, respectively, 172 mL and 118 mL; and (6) putting on shoes without and with ECT, respectively, 210 mL and 78 mL). Patients with moderate to severe COPD develop DH after performing common ADLs involving the upper and lower limbs. Simple ECTs may avoid DH in some of these ADLs.
The Problem of Transgender Marginalization and Exclusion
Authors: Collins Joshua C. , McFadden Ciarán , Rocco Tonette S. , Mathis Mary Katherine
Published: April 2015

Dialogue about lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people remains undervalued in Human Resource Development (HRD). Most of HRD’s LGBT-related research has focused on sexual orientation, giving little attention to what differentiates transgender people—gender identity and/or expression that differs from assigned sex at birth. Transgender issues are particularly important to HRD practice, as practitioners increasingly aim to create diverse and inclusive organizations, but there is a lack of understanding about what it means or is like to be transgender. The purpose of this article was to situate transgender experiences as relevant and important issues for HRD, providing critical actions HRD scholars and practitioners might take to shape a more inclusive reality for transgender people in the workplace.
Animal-Assisted Therapy and Counseling Support for Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: White Jennifer H. , Quinn Martina , Garland Sheila , Dirkse Dale , Wiebe Patricia , Hermann Madeline , Carlson Linda E.
Published: April 2015

Background. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) interventions have been shown to assist in coping and improve patient responses to symptoms. Specifically, the presence of an animal has been found to lower anxiety and motivate participation in therapy. We aimed to explore the acceptability of and experience of AAT during individual breast cancer counseling sessions. Methods. Patients undertaking counseling with a therapy dog present were invited to participate in the study. Patients were individually interviewed and asked to reflect on their experiences of AAT. Data generation and analysis were concurrent. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using a process of constant comparison. Results. Our sample included 8 female participants, 39 to 61 years old, at an average of 3 years post–breast cancer diagnosis. The majority of patients reported a positive experience with AAT. Themes that emerged around their counseling experience included benefits in the process of initiating counseling and benefits for greater engagement and personal disclosure. Conclusions. Incorporating AAT into the delivery of counseling for breast cancer patients appears to be feasible and acceptable at a patient level. From a clinical perspective, AAT promoted increased communication with health professionals. This is of clinical importance as a means to improve participation and engagement in therapy—important elements in therapeutic outcomes. However, further evaluation of the impact of AAT on specific patient outcomes and psychological morbidity is required.
Why Patients Do Not Participate in Sports Activities After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Chang Moon Jong , Kang Yeon Gwi , Chung Byung June , Chang Chong Bum , Kim Tae Kyun
Published: April 2015

Background

It is important to identify the reasons or factors preventing patients from participating in sports activities after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to improve patient satisfaction and general health that can be gained from regular sports activities.

Purpose

To determine the reasons for lack of participation in regular sports activities after TKA as perceived by patients and to identify specific factors involved.

Study Design

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods

A total of 369 patients with a follow-up longer than 1 year after TKA were included in this retrospective study. A postal survey regarding sports activities was conducted using a questionnaire gathering information such as sociodemographic data, activity levels, and sports activities after TKA. The reasons perceived by patients for not participating in sports activities were determined. Patients unable to participate in sports activities were compared with patients able to do so in terms of sociodemographic data and pre- and postoperative outcomes.

Results

Of the 369 patients, 88 (24%) replied that they could not participate in a sports activity. Among the perceived reasons, reasons not related to the replaced knee were more frequent than those related to the replaced knee (76% vs 24%). Symptoms related to the spine or other joints composed 25% of the total perceived reasons. The presence of medical comorbidities accounted for 16%, while symptoms in the nonreplaced knee represented 8% of the reasons. In terms of patient factors, multivariate logistic regression revealed that male sex, a floor-based (ie, non-Western) lifestyle with greater demands on knee flexion, and worse postoperative University of California at Los Angeles activity scale were associated with nonregular sports activity levels.

Conclusion

The perceived reasons and patient factors hindering regular sports activities after TKA were not restricted to problems with the replaced knee. Nonetheless, orthopaedic surgeons may have a substantial role in encouraging patients to participate in sports by resolving joint-related problems. Furthermore, this study supports the notion that a multidisciplinary approach is needed to improve sports participation after surgery.
Joining of galvannealed steel and aluminium alloy using controlled short circuiting gas metal arc welding process
Authors: Das A. , Shome M. , Das C. R. , Goecke Sven-F , De A.
Published: April 2015

Controlling the Fe–Al intermetallic layer thickness along the joint interface has remained a critical challenge in gas metal arc welding of galvanised steel and aluminium alloys. An attempt is presented here to join galvannealed steel and aluminium alloy sheets using a novel gas metal arc welding process that allows controlled short circuiting to reduce the rate of heat input significantly. The real time current and voltage transients during the process are monitored to estimate the rate of heat input and its influence on the formation of intermetallic phases and layer thickness. The results show that the intermetallic layer thickness can be controlled and good joint strengths can be achieved when the rate of heat input remains lesser than 130 J mm− 1 for the typical lap joint configuration considered here.
Wetting behaviour of Cu based alloys on spinel substrates in pyrometallurgical context
Authors: De Wilde E. , Bellemans I. , Campforts M. , Khaliq A. , Vanmeensel K. , Seveno D. , Guo M. , Rhamdhani A. , Brooks G. , Blanpain B. , Moelans N. , Verbeken K.
Published: April 2015

Metal droplet losses in slags are an important issue in copper industry. One significant aspect that promotes the entrainment of metal droplets in the slag is their attachment to spinel solids. In the present study, the wetting behaviour of copper alloys on spinel substrates has been investigated in the presence and absence of a slag phase. At first, the attachment was investigated using a synthetic slag containing spinel particles. Microstructural analysis of quenched slag reveals the presence of microdroplets sticking onto a surface of the spinel particles. Second, the metal–spinel interaction was investigated using the sessile drop technique. Wetting angle measurements were performed between Cu–Ag alloys and MgAl2O4 substrates. A non-wetting behaviour between the alloys and substrates was observed. The results suggest that the oxygen partial pressure and the amount of Ag in the alloy both influence the wetting behaviour.
Platelets and platelet-derived factor Va confer hemostatic competence in complete factor V deficiency
Authors: Bouchard Beth A. , Chapin John , Brummel-Ziedins Kathleen E. , Durda Peter , Key Nigel S. , Tracy Paula B.
Published: April 2015

Key Points

Administration of plasma to a factor V–deficient individual yields a stable platelet factor V/Va pool derived from megakaryocyte endocytosis. Platelets and platelet-derived factor V/Va promote and extend hemostasis well after depletion of the plasma-derived factor V pool.
Experimental Evidence for Alleviating Nociceptive Hypersensitivity by Single Application of Capsaicin
Authors: Ma Xiao-Li , Zhang Fang-Xiong , Dong Fei , Bao Lan , Zhang Xu
Published: April 2015

The single application of high-concentration of capsaicin has been used as an analgesic therapy of persistent pain. However, its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms remain to be further evaluated with experimental approaches. The present study provided evidence showing that the single application of capsaicin dose-dependently alleviated nociceptive hypersensitivity, and reduced the action potential firing in small-diameter neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in rats and mice. Pre-treatment with capsaicin reduced formalin-induced acute nocifensive behavior after a brief hyperalgesia in rats and mice. The inhibitory effects of capsaicin were calcium-dependent, and mediated by the capsaicin receptor (transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1). We further found that capsaicin exerted inhibitory effects on the persistent nociceptive hypersensitivity induced by peripheral inflammation and nerve injury. Thus, these results support the long-lasting and inhibitory effects of topical capsaicin on persistent pain, and the clinic use of capsaicin as a pain therapy.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor confers resistance to senescence through CD74-dependent AMPK-FOXO3a signaling in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Xia Wenzheng , Zhang Fengyun , Xie Congying , Jiang Miaomiao , Hou Meng
Published: April 2015

Introduction

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies have had positive outcomes in animal models of cardiovascular diseases. However, the number and function of MSCs decline with age, reducing their ability to contribute to endogenous injury repair. The potential of stem cells to restore damaged tissue in older individuals can be improved by specific pretreatment aimed at delaying senescence and improving their regenerative properties. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that modulates age-related signaling pathways, and hence is a good candidate for rejuvenative function.

Methods

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were isolated from young (6-month-old) or aged (24-month-old) male donor rats. Cell proliferation was measured using the CCK8 cell proliferation assay; secretion of VEGF, bFGF, HGF, and IGF was assessed by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Apoptosis was induced by hypoxia and serum deprivation (hypoxia/SD) for up to 6 hr, and examined by flow cytometry. Expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a) were detected by Western blotting. CD74 expression was assayed using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence.

Results

In this study, we found that MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of aged rats displayed reduced proliferative capacity, impaired ability to mediate paracrine signaling, and lower resistance to hypoxia/serum deprivation-induced apoptosis, when compared to younger MSCs. Interestingly, pretreatment of aged MSCs with MIF enhanced their growth, paracrine function and survival. We detected enhanced secretion of VEGF, bFGF, HGF, and IGF from MIF-treated MSCs using ELISA. Finally, we show that hypoxia/serum deprivation-induced apoptosis is inhibited in aged MSCs following MIF exposure. Next, we found that the mechanism underlying the rejuvenating function of MIF involves increased CD74-dependent phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3a. Furthermore, this effect was abolished when CD74, AMPK, or FOXO3a expression was silenced using small-interfering RNAs(siRNA).

Conclusions

MIF can rejuvenate MSCs from a state of age-induced senescence by interacting with CD74 and subsequently activating AMPK-FOXO3a signaling pathways. Pretreatment of MSCs with MIF may have important therapeutic implications in restoration or rejuvenation of endogenous bone marrow-MSCs in aged individuals.
A new iterative process for a hybrid pair of generalized asymptotically nonexpansive single-valued and generalized nonexpansive multi-valued mappings in Banach spaces
Authors: Suantai Suthep , Phuengrattana Withun
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we construct an iterative process involving a hybrid pair of a finite family of generalized asymptotically nonexpansive single-valued mappings and a finite family of generalized nonexpansive multi-valued mappings and prove weak and strong convergence theorems of the proposed iterative process in Banach spaces. Our main results extend and generalize many results in the literature.
Fixed point sets of set-valued mappings
Authors: Chanthorn Parunyou , Chaoha Phichet
Published: April 2015

We present new results regarding fixed point sets of various set-valued mappings using the concept of fixed point iteration schemes and the newly defined concept of fixed point resolutions. In particular, we prove that the fixed point sets of certain nonexpansive set-valued mappings are contractible.
Reich type weak contractions on metric spaces endowed with a graph
Authors: Phon-on Aniruth , Sama-Ae Areeyuth , Makaje Nifatamah , Riyapan Pakwan
Published: April 2015

In this paper, we define a new class of Reich type multi-valued contractions on a complete metric space satisfying the g-graph preserving condition and we study the fixed point theorem for such mappings. In addition, we present the existence and uniqueness of the fixed point for at least one of two multi-valued mappings. The results of this paper extend and generalize several well-known results. Some examples illustrate the usability of our results.
How effective are on-farm conservation land management strategies for preserving ecosystem services in developing countries? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Thorn Jessica , Snaddon Jake , Waldron Anthony , Kok Kasper , Zhou Wen , Bhagwat Shonil , Willis Kathy , Petrokofsky Gillian
Published: April 2015

Background

An extensive body of literature in the field of agro-ecology claims to show the positive effects that maintenance of ecosystem services can have on sustainably meeting future food demand, by making farms more productive and resilient, and contributing to better nutrition and livelihoods of farmers. In Africa alone, some research has estimated a two-fold yield increase if food producers capitalize on new and existing knowledge from science and technology. Site-specific strategies adopted with the aim of improving ecosystem services may incorporate principles of multifunctional agriculture, sustainable intensification and conservation agriculture. However, a coherent synthesis and review of the evidence of these claims is largely absent, and the quality of much of this literature is questionable. Moreover, inconsistent effects have commonly been reported, while empirical evidence to support assumed improvements is largely lacking.

Objectives

This systematic map is stimulated by an interest to (1) collate evidence on the effectiveness of on-farm conservation land management for preserving and enhancing ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, by drawing together the currently fragmented and multidisciplinary literature base, and (2) geographically map what indicators have been used to assess on-farm conservation land management. For both questions, we will focus on 74 low-income and developing countries, where much of the world’s agricultural expansion is occurring, yet 80% of arable land is already used and croplands are yielding well below their potential.

Methods/Design

To this end, reviewers will systematically search bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research from Web of Science, SCOPUS, AGRICOLA, AGRIS databases and CAB abstracts, and grey literature from Google Scholar, and 22 subject-specific or institutional websites. Boolean search operators will be used to create search strings where applicable. Ecosystem services included in the study are pollination services; pest-, carbon-, soil-, and water-regulation; nutrient cycling; medicinal and aromatic plants; fuel wood and cultural services. Outputs of the systematic map will include a database, technical report and an online interactive map, searchable by topic. The results of this map are expected to provide clarity about synergistic outcomes of conservation land management, which will help support local decision-making.
Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing ABVD Plus Radiotherapy With the Stanford V Regimen in Patients With Stages I or II Locally Extensive, Bulky Mediastinal Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Subset Analysis of the North American Intergroup E2496 Trial
Authors: Advani Ranjana H. , Hong Fangxin , Fisher Richard I. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Robinson K. Sue , Gascoyne Randy D. , Wagner Henry , Stiff Patrick J. , Cheson Bruce D. , Stewart Douglas A. , Gordon Leo I. , Kahl Brad S. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Blum Kristie A. , Habermann Thomas M. , Tuscano Joseph M. , Hoppe Richard T. , Horning Sandra J.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

The phase III North American Intergroup E2496 Trial (Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Hodgkin's Lymphoma) compared doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) with mechlorethamine, doxorubicin, vincristine, bleomycin, vinblastine, etoposide, and prednisone (Stanford V). We report results of a planned subgroup analysis in patients with stage I or II bulky mediastinal Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).

Patients and Methods

Patients were randomly assigned to six to eight cycles of ABVD every 28 days or Stanford V once per week for 12 weeks. Two to 3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy, all patients received 36 Gy of modified involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) to the mediastinum, hila, and supraclavicular regions. Patients on the Stanford V arm received IFRT to additional sites ≥ 5 cm at diagnosis. Primary end points were failure-free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Of 794 eligible patients, 264 had stage I or II bulky disease, 135 received ABVD, and 129 received Stanford V. Patient characteristics were matched. The overall response rate was 83% with ABVD and 88% with Stanford V. At a median follow-up of 6.5 years, the study excluded a difference of more than 21% in 5-year FFS and more than 16% in 5-year OS between ABVD and Stanford V (5-year FFS: 85% v 79%; HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.37 to 1.25; P = .22; 5-year OS: 96% v 92%; HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.47; P = .19). In-field relapses occurred in < 10% of the patients in each arm.

Conclusion

For patients with stage I or II bulky mediastinal HL, no substantial statistically significant differences were detected between the two regimens, although power was limited. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first prospective trial reporting outcomes specific to this subgroup, and it sets a benchmark for comparison of ongoing and future studies.
Donepezil for Irradiated Brain Tumor Survivors: A Phase III Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Rapp Stephen R. , Case L. Doug , Peiffer Ann , Naughton Michelle M. , Chan Michael D. , Stieber Volker W. , Moore Dennis F. , Falchuk Steven C. , Piephoff James V. , Edenfield William J. , Giguere Jeffrey K. , Loghin Monica E. , Shaw Edward G.
Published: April 2015

Purpose

Neurotoxic effects of brain irradiation include cognitive impairment in 50% to 90% of patients. Prior studies have suggested that donepezil, a neurotransmitter modulator, may improve cognitive function.

Patients and Methods

A total of 198 adult brain tumor survivors ≥ 6 months after partial- or whole-brain irradiation were randomly assigned to receive a single daily dose (5 mg for 6 weeks, 10 mg for 18 weeks) of donepezil or placebo. A cognitive test battery assessing memory, attention, language, visuomotor, verbal fluency, and executive functions was administered before random assignment and at 12 and 24 weeks. A cognitive composite score (primary outcome) and individual cognitive domains were evaluated.

Results

Of this mostly middle-age, married, non-Hispanic white sample, 66% had primary brain tumors, 27% had brain metastases, and 8% underwent prophylactic cranial irradiation. After 24 weeks of treatment, the composite scores did not differ significantly between groups (P = .48); however, significant differences favoring donepezil were observed for memory (recognition, P = .027; discrimination, P = .007) and motor speed and dexterity (P = .016). Significant interactions between pretreatment cognitive function and treatment were found for cognitive composite (P = .01), immediate recall (P = .05), delayed recall (P = .004), attention (P = .01), visuomotor skills (P = .02), and motor speed and dexterity (P < .001), with the benefits of donepezil greater for those who were more cognitively impaired before study treatment.

Conclusion

Treatment with donepezil did not significantly improve the overall composite score, but it did result in modest improvements in several cognitive functions, especially among patients with greater pretreatment impairments.
Sub-strains of Drosophila Canton-S differ markedly in their locomotor behavior
Authors: Colomb Julien , Brembs Björn
Published: April 2015

We collected five sub-strains of the standard laboratory wild-type Drosophila melanogaster Canton Special (CS) and analyzed their walking behavior in Buridan's paradigm using the CeTrAn software. According to twelve different aspects of their behavior, the sub-strains fit into three groups. The group separation appeared not to be correlated with the origin of the stocks. We conclude that founder effects but not laboratory selection likely influenced the gene pool of the sub-strains. The flies’ stripe fixation was the parameter that varied most. Our results suggest that differences in the genome of laboratory stocks can render comparisons between nominally identical wild-type stocks meaningless. A single source for control strains may settle this problem.
Personality traits of drivers serving a custodial sentence for drink driving
Authors: Pawłowska Beata , Rzeszutko Ewa
Published: April 2015

Cel

Celem pracy była analiza cech osobowości mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawiania wolności za prowadzenie pojazdu w stanie nietrzeźwości.

Metoda

Badaniami objęto 44 mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności za prowadzenie samochodu w stanie nietrzeźwości, 45 mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności za rozboje i pobicia oraz 32 mężczyzn niekaranych, którzy nigdy nie prowadzili samochodu pod wpływem alkoholu.
W pracy zastosowano następujące metody badawcze: Ankietę socjodemograficzną własnej konstrukcji, Kwestionariusz Radzenia Sobie ze Stresem Janke, Erdmanna, Boucsein, Arkusz Samooceny Cattella, Kwestionariusz Narcyzmu Deneke, Hilgenstock, Müller, Test Przymiotnikowy ACL Gougha i Heilbruna, w polskim opracowaniu Płużek oraz Kwestionariusz Trzebińskiej Styl Życia.

Wyniki

Otrzymane wyniki wskazują na istotne różnice między mężczyznami odbywającymi karę pozbawiania wolności za prowadzenie samochodu w stanie nietrzeźwości a mężczyznami z grupy kontrolnej w zakresie sposobów radzenia sobie ze stresem, poziomu niepokoju i cech osobowości antyspołecznej.

Wnioski

1. Mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności za prowadzenie pojazdu w stanie nietrzeźwości charakteryzują istotnie bardziej nasilone cechy osobowości antyspołecznej, wyższy poziom niepokoju, nasilona impulsywność, drażliwość, nieufność, agresja, egocentryzm, ekscentryczność, nasilona potrzeba uzyskania uznania, łamania norm społecznych, doświadczania różnorodności bodźców, nowych wrażeń, większe trudności przystosowawcze, mniejsza samodyscyplina, mniejsze poczucie własnej wartości oraz częściej stosowane destrukcyjne, ucieczkowe i emocjonalne sposoby radzenia sobie ze stresem w porównaniu od osób niekaranych, które nigdy nie prowadziły pojazdu pod wpływem alkoholu.
2. W zakresie nasilenia cech zaburzeń osobowości, sposobów radzenia sobie ze stresem oraz obrazu siebie nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic między mężczyznami odbywającymi karę pozbawienia wolności za prowadzenie pojazdu mechanicznego w stanie nietrzeźwości a mężczyznami odbywającymi karę pozbawienia wolności za rozboje z pobiciem.
Cognitive dysfunctions caused by excessive exposure to manganese compounds. Cognitive disturbances in intravenous users of ephedrone (methcathinone) with manganese compounds.
Authors: Kałwa Agnieszka , Habrat Bogusław
Published: April 2015

Dożylne przyjmowanie samodzielnie wyrobionego efedronu (metkatynonu) z użyciem nadmanganianu potasu jako utleniacza może prowadzić do ciężkich, utrwalonych encefalopatii. Problemy te dotykają z reguły młodych ludzi eksperymentujących z „domowej produkcji” narkotykami, wpływając na nieodwracalne pogorszenie ich funkcjonowania. Oprócz licznych objawów neurologicznych i zaburzeń ruchowych u osób tych stwierdza się zaburzenia funkcji poznawczych. Dotychczas nie przeprowadzono systematycznych badań na ten temat. Z prac opisujących przypadki pojedynczych pacjentów i małe grupy osób wynika, że ocena za pomocą samych tzw. narzędzi przesiewowych takich jak Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) jest mało użyteczna. Oprócz wyraźnych zaburzeń dyzartrycznych mowy, badania neuropsychologiczne przeprowadzane za pomocą innych testów wykazują zaburzenia funkcji psychomotorycznych, różnego stopnia zaburzenia uwagi, oraz dysfunkcje procesów związanych z pamięcią i uczeniem się. W niektórych pracach, w tej grupie chorych rozpoznawane są również zaburzenia pamięci operacyjnej oraz funkcji wykonawczych. Stwierdzane dysfunkcje wydają się utrwalone i nie ulegają poprawie nawet przy zaprzestaniu przyjmowania preparatów z manganem i poprawie obrazu neuroradiologicznego w badaniu MRI. Wskazuje się na potrzebę opracowania propozycji standardowych baterii testów neuropsychologicznych, które uwzględniałyby występowanie zarówno dysfunkcji poznawczych jak i neurologicznych utrudniających praktyczne wykonanie części badań za pomocą niektórych testów.
The role of a psychiatrist in treatment and recovery process of persons suffering from schizophrenia.
Authors: Sawicka Maryla , Charzyńska Katarzyna
Published: April 2015

Cel

Wyniki badań wskazują, że możliwość zbudowania związku terapeutycznego w leczeniu schizofrenii sprzyja lepszemu funkcjonowaniu, skuteczniejszemu obniżeniu objawów psychotycznych oraz realizacji celów osobistych pacjentów. Celem obecnej pracy było sprawdzenie, czy pacjenci systematycznie współpracujący z psychiatrami są bardziej skrupulatni w przestrzeganiu zaleceń lekarskich oraz czy lepiej funkcjonują społecznie i klinicznie w porównaniu z pacjentami niewspółpracującymi.

Metoda

Do badania włączono 300 pacjentów ze schizofrenią. Pacjenci zostali podzieleni na 2 grupy: grupa właściwa – pacjenci systematycznie współpracujący z lekarzem, oraz grupa kontrolna – pacjenci niewspółpracujący. Dane zostały zebrane w trakcie jednorazowego wywiadu przy wykorzystaniu Kwestionariusza Oceny Leczenia Farmakologicznego, Skali Satysfakcji z Życia, Skali Kontroli Emocji, Testu Orientacji Życiowej, Skali Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności, Skali Pozytywnych i Negatywnych Objawów Schizofrenii oraz kwestionariusza danych społeczno- demograficznych.

Wyniki

Pacjenci systematycznie współpracujący z psychiatrami w porównaniu z pacjentami niewspółpracującymi, byli bardziej skrupulatni w przestrzeganiu zaleceń lekarskich, dysponowali większą wiedzą na temat swojego leczenia oraz byli bardziej zadowoleni z jego efektów, lepiej funkcjonowali społecznie i byli bardziej aktywni zawodowo, lepiej oceniali siebie i swoje życie pod względem: poczucia sprawstwa, optymizmu, satysfakcji z życia.

Wnioski

Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że systematyczna współpraca z lekarzem sprzyja lepszemu funkcjonowaniu pacjentów ze schizofrenią.
Internet Addiction Disorder in a Sample of 402 High School Students
Authors: Taranto Francesco , Goracci Arianna , Bolognesi Simone , Borghini Elisa , Fagiolini Andrea
Published: April 2015

Cel

W niniejszej pracy miały na celu ocenę występowania IAD w włoskiej próbie uczniów szkół średnich. Mamy również zbadać związek między fobią społeczną i diagnozy IAD; wreszcie, zbadaliśmy związek między IAD i nadużywania substancji.

Metoda

Badania przeprowadzono zgodnie z Deklaracją Helsińską. Oceny podawane w tym badaniu składał się z trzech części: 1) gromadzenie informacji o ogólnych i osobistych danych przedmiotów, 2) kwestionariusz Uzależnienie od Internetu zaproponowana przez KO, składa się 9 różnych obszarach; 3) lęk społeczny Spectrum Self-Report (Nieśmiałych -SR) Lifetime kwestionariusz.

Wyniki

19 z 402 badanych (tj. 4,7% próby) spełnia kryteria diagnostyczne dla IAD, pokazując niewielką przewagę mężczyzn. 10,9% pacjentów spełniało kryteria diagnostyczne dla zaburzenia fobii społecznej Spectrum. Sześć podmiotów IAD (31,8%) były również zdiagnozowano stan spektrum fobii społecznej. W grupie uczniów ze zdiagnozowanym IAD, 4 (21,05%), badani obecnie lub w przeszłości stosowanie leków.

Wnioski

Nasze wyniki sugerują, że istnieje spora populacja młodzieży już pokazano i na ryzyko wystąpienia jakiś problemów w stosunkach z sieci. Zaburzenie lękowe społecznej wydaje się być zarówno czynnikiem ryzyka i często współwystępują zaburzenia Internetu nadużycia. Dalsze badania wraz z wspólnych kryteriów diagnostycznych i narzędzi ułatwi badania nad sposobami leczenia tych szybko rozwijających się i wyłączanie warunków.
Towards better non-selectivity: the role of 5-HT7 receptors in therapeutic efficacy of a second-generation antipsychotic, lurasidone
Authors: Bieńkowski Przemysław , Dudek Dominika , Samochowiec Jerzy
Published: April 2015

Efektywność stosowanych obecnie leków przeciwpsychotycznych jest daleka od ideału. Wielu pacjentów wykazuje niezadowalającą odpowiedź na leczenie przeciwpsychotyczne mimo prób stosowania różnych leków. Wobec powyższego nie słabnie zainteresowanie poszukiwaniem mechanizmów farmakologicznych, które mogłyby wzmocnić efekty terapeutyczne leków przeciwpsychotycznych i/lub ograniczyć typowe dla tych leków działania niepożądane. Podstawowym celem niniejszej pracy przeglądowej jest podsumowanie podstawowych danych dotyczących roli receptorów serotoninowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem receptorów 5-HT7, w działaniu leku przeciwpsychotycznego II generacji, lurazydonu. Ma on unikalny profil farmakologiczny obejmujący blokowanie receptorów dopaminowych D2, serotoninowych 5-HT2A i 5-HT7 oraz właściwości częściowego agonisty wobec receptorów serotoninowych 5-HT1A - przy braku wyraźnego powinowactwa do receptorów histaminowych H1 i cholinergicznych receptorów muskarynowych. Lek ten jest pochodną azapironu wykazującą właściwości przeciwpsychotyczne i przeciwdepresyjne potwierdzone w modelach przedklinicznych oraz w randomizowanych badaniach klinicznych. Dodatkowo, w związku z wysokim powinowactwem do receptorów 5-HT7, oprócz wykazywania podstawowych właściwości przeciwdepresyjnych lub przeciwpsychotycznych, lurazydon może odwracać niedoczynność kory przedczołowej i jej poznawcze korelaty.
Founder or Joiner? The Role of Preferences and Context in Shaping Different Entrepreneurial Interests
Authors: Roach Michael , Sauermann Henry
Published: April 2015

Entrepreneurial ventures rely not only on founders but also on “joiners”—start-up employees who are attracted to entrepreneurship, but who do not want to be founders themselves. Drawing on both preference and contextual theories of entrepreneurship, we examine how individuals’ interest in being a founder, a joiner, or neither forms prior to the first career transition. We find that although individuals with founder and joiner interests share similar preferences for entrepreneurial job attributes such as autonomy and risk, their preferences for these attributes also differ in significantly meaningful ways. Contextual factors such as norms, role models, and opportunities exhibit very different relationships with founder and joiner interests. Most interestingly, our results suggest that preferences and context interrelate in unique ways to shape different entrepreneurial interests. In particular, an interest in being a founder is most strongly associated with individuals’ preferences for entrepreneurial job attributes, whereas contextual factors do little to shape a founder interest in individuals who lack these preferences. An interest in being a joiner, on the other hand, is associated with both preferences and context, and this relationship is most pronounced for individuals with preferences that predispose them toward entrepreneurship. This study highlights joiners as a distinct type of entrepreneurial actor and demonstrates the importance of considering the interplay between preferences and context in the study of entrepreneurship.

This paper was accepted by David Hsu, entrepreneurship and innovation.
What Is a “Fair” Price? Ethics as Sensemaking
Authors: Reinecke Juliane , Ansari Shaz
Published: April 2015

Whereas the deliberative democracy approach to ethics seeks to bridge universalist reason and contextual judgment to explain the emergence of intersubjective agreements, it remains unclear how these two are reconciled in practice. We argue that a sensemaking approach is useful for examining how ethical truces emerge in equivocal situations. To understand how actors navigate through ethical complexity, we conducted an ethnographic inquiry into the multistakeholder practices of setting Fairtrade Minimum Prices. We offer three contributions. First, we develop a process model of ethics as sensemaking that explains how actors come to collectively agree on what is ethical in complex situations, even if no complete consensus arises. Second, our findings suggest that moral intuition and affect also motivate ethical judgment alongside moral reasoning. Third, an ethical sensemaking perspective explains some of the pitfalls actors confront in coping with ethical complexities in practice and how they attend to the challenges arising from stark inequalities in extreme contexts.
[Technical Note] Thermal Insulation System Made of Wood and Paper for Use in Residential Construction
Authors: Pásztory Zoltán , Horváth Tibor , Glass Samuel V. , Zelinka Samuel L.
Published: April 2015

This article introduces an insulation system that takes advantage of the low thermal conductivity of still air and is made of wood and paper. The insulation, called the Mirrorpanel, is constructed as a panel of closely spaced layers of coated paper and held together in a frame of wood or fiberboard. Panels have been fabricated and tested at the laboratory scale, whole wall scale, and the building scale. A 1.2-m by 2-m by 0.185-m-thick wall section had an apparent thermal conductance of only 0.204 W m−2 K−1 including the structural wood frame, which is equivalent to a US R-value of 27.9 h ft2 °F Btu−1 (3.8 h ft2 °F Btu−1 in.−1 for the 7.3-in.-thick wall section). The Mirrorpanel could be used as an environmentally friendly alternative to foam insulation in high-performance residential buildings and would fulfill the continuous insulation requirements in the 2012 version of the International Energy Conservation Code.
Mining The Motherload: Mastodon’s #twerkgate and sexual objectification in metal
Authors: Sollee Kristen
Published: April 2015

This article analyses the metal community’s responses to Mastodon’s controversial video for ‘The Motherload’. Fans and music journalists responded critically to its premiere in September of 2014, largely condemning the highly sexualized images of women of colour onscreen, which sparked debate about objectification, racism, and sexism in metal as a whole. Using a sex positive feminist framework, I unpack the various arguments put forth by dancers in the video, the band itself, and the aforementioned critics and fans. I conclude that there is no easy answer to the question of how women should be represented in metal, and that while women and, specifically, women of colour deserve more diverse, humanizing representations, summarily condemning depictions of female sexuality is no antidote to prejudice.
Martí y el Caribe
Authors: Fernández Retamar Roberto
Published: April 2015

El artículo pone de manifiesto la relevancia del pensamiento de José Martí para comprender los procesos socio-culturales e históricos del Caribe en el contexto finisecular de la Revolución de Independencia Cubana (1895-1898). Retamar evalúa además la sagaz crítica que Martí ejerce ante los crecientes intereses de Estados Unidos por regir los destinos del Caribe. En el corazón del Caribe, comienza y termina la vida de Martí, y en su sinergia vital con las islas se le revelan los grandes desafíos culturales de su existencia: la esclavitud social y política del ser humano, la opresión colonial de la metrópoli española y su reemplazo por un poder neocolonial, Estados Unidos, un nuevo poder hemisférico que él es el primero en identificar en toda su magnitud.
El Mar Caribe en la vida y la obra de Alejo Carpentier
Authors: Márquez Rodríguez Alexis
Published: April 2015

La presencia del Mar Caribe en la vida y la obra de Alejo Carpentier es determinante en muchos sentidos. De hecho, el Caribe está presente en toda su obra narrativa, unas veces de modo directo, otras a través de referencias muy concretas e importantes. Puede decirse, en general, que el Mar Caribe o de las Antillas es un referente fundamental de todos sus cuentos y novelas. Por otra parte, también desde un punto de vista teórico ese mar tuvo mucha importancia en el pensamiento de Carpentier. El solo hecho de ser un insular tuvo en él, desde muy joven, un significado muy especial. Tanto dentro del ámbito geográfico, como del histórico y cultural, su Cuba nativa se perfiló en su conciencia como una realidad que no puede ser entendida ni valorada, si no se la considera en relación inmediata con el Caribe. Así, el artículo analiza la representación del Mar Caribe en algunos pasajes de sus obras principales, como Ecue-Yamba-O o El siglo de las luces.
La batalla contra el racismo en la Cuba de hoy
Authors: Fernández Robaina Tomás
Published: April 2015

En el artículo se reflexiona en torno a la problemática del racismo en Cuba en las últimas décadas y se presenta cuestiones capitales en el debate sobre la integración de las identidades raciales en Cuba. Desde un punto de vista antropológico, Fernández Robaina repasa las cuestiones sociales que ejemplifican la compleja integración racial en la historia de la Isla para relacionarla con las actuaciones políticas que se llevan a término en los últimos años, no solo en Cuba, sino también en otros países latinoamericanos, en referencia a los desafíos de la multiculturalidad.
Haití Apocalypse Now
Authors: Munro Martin
Published: April 2015

De las tradiciones literarias y culturales del Caribe, ninguna ha producido un corpus tan rico, diverso y desafiante como el de las islas francófonas. Inspirado por las grandes tradiciones francesas de la búsqueda intelectual y la innovación artística, la tradición del Caribe francófono ha visto el surgimiento de artistas, activistas, y teóricos como Aimé Césaire, Léon-Gontran Damas, René Ménil, Suzanne Césaire, Frantz Fanon, Édouard Glissant, Patrick Chamoiseau, Jean Bernabé, Rápale Confiant, Maryse Condé, Jean-Price Mars, Jacques Roumain, Jacques-Stephen Alexis, René Depestre, Frankétienne, Émile Ollivier, Marie Chauvet, Dany Lafèrriere, y Edwidge Danticat por solo nombrar a unos pocos. Las islas francófonas y la Guayana Francesa tienen por tanto una larga y bien establecida tradición de producción intelectual y artística prolífica e incisiva, y han tenido una influencia considerable a través de todo el entorno literario y cultural caribeño. Hasta hace diez o quince años, los départements d’outre mer eran en gran parte el foco principal de cualquier análisis de la cultura francófona caribeña. Desde entonces, sin embargo, la otra nación de habla francófona y créole, Haití, ha sido objeto de una atención sin precedentes, por parte de investigadores así como del público en general. Independiente desde 1804, la «primera república negra» del Nuevo Mundo es un símbolo tanto de resistencia anticolonial como de declive postcolonial, así como de problemas económicos, políticos y sociales. A la vez avanzada y rezagada en el tiempo respecto al resto del Caribe, Haití merece la atención de la crítica. En este artículo haré un recuento de los principales movimientos de la cultura literaria en Haití, para luego centrarme en el período de Duvalier y en las estrategias que los artistas contemporáneos han utilizado para indagar sobre la memoria de ese periodo tan traumático.
Applicability of portable tools in assessing the bearing capacity of forest roads
Authors: Kaakkurivaara Tomi , Vuorimies Nuutti , Kolisoja Pauli , Uusitalo Jori
Published: April 2015

Forest roads provide access to logging sites and enable transportation of timber from forest to mills. Efficient forest management and forest industry are impossible without a proper forest road network. The bearing capacity of forest roads varies significantly by weather conditions and seasons since they are generally made of poor materials and the constructed layers may be mixed with subgrade. A bearing capacity assessment is valuable information when trafficability is uncertain and rutting is obvious. In this study, bearing capacity measurements were carried out using the light falling weight deflectometer (LFWD), the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) and the conventional falling weight deflectometer (FWD). The aim was to compare their measurement results in relation to road characteristics and moisture conditions. Data were collected from 35 test road sections in four consecutive springs and during one summer. The test road sections had measurement points both on the wheel path and the centre line. The data show logical correlations between measured quantities, and the study presents reliable regression models between measuring devices. The results indicate that light portable tools, the DCP and the LFWD, can in most cases be used instead of the expensive falling weight deflectometer on forest roads.
Analysis of the long-time asymptotic behaviour of the solution of a two-dimensional reaction-diffusion equation
Authors: Ndam Joel
Published: April 2015

A reaction-diffusion equation in two dimensions is considered. The long-time asymptotic behaviour of the solution of this equation is examined in terms of uniform diffusion as well as density-dependent diffusion. The results show that in both cases, the solution attains a steady state, but does so more slowly with the variable diffusion coefficient when its magnitude d<1.