bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Unwanted Weed, Paragis Leaves (Eleusine indica Linn.) in Cookie Production
Authors:   Department of Food Science and Technology, Visayas State University, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Makinano Dolie , Cimafranca Lynette
Published: October 2021

Paragis is a common grass which is abundant and can be seen everywhere but is regarded as having no economic value. To add value to this grass, the study generally aimed to formulate cookies with powdered paragis leaves and mashed bananas; and specifically, it aimed to evaluate the sensory quality of the product. A 3 x 3 factorial design was used, with three levels for both powdered paragis leaves (0, 5, 10 % w/w) and mashed bananas (0, 15, 20 % w/w). Sensory evaluation was done to determine the product’s acceptability in terms of color, taste, aroma, texture, and flavor using a sensory panel. Acceptability ratings were subjected to response surface regression analysis using STATISTICA software. Results revealed that the combination of powdered paragis leaves and mashed bananas showed a significant effect on the color, aroma, texture, taste, flavor, and general acceptability of the product. The optimum combination was 8.8 % and 1.3 to 1.8% of mashed bananas and powdered paragis leaves, respectively, based on the volume of flour. It can be concluded that paragis leaves could be utilized in cookie production, providing potential value to this unwanted commodity using the optimum combination.
The role of complementary and alternative medicines in general health and immunity
Authors:   School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai Johor 81310, Malaysia, Nilashi Mehrbakhsh , Ghabban Fahad ,   College of Computer Science and Engineering, Information System Department, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia, Samad Sarminah ,   Department of Business Administration, College of Business and Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Mohd Yusuf Salma Yasmin ,   Primary Care Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, 47000, Selangor, Malaysia, Supriyanto Eko ,   School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai Johor 81310, Malaysia
Published: October 2021

The immune system is a host protection system that includes numerous biological structures and processes in an organism which protects from diseases. It has been showed that there is significant relationship between immune system function and infectious diseases both in animal models and in humans. The aim of this research is to investigate whether Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAMs) can be useful in boosting immune system to prevent and/or treat the infectious diseases in the early stage of infection. Accordingly, the previous research on this issue is investigated and the results re provided. This study also performs an analysis on the consumers’ reviews on turmeric to find the effectiveness of turmeric intake in improving general health status of patient through WebMD data. The results of this study demonstrated that the majority of consumers are highly satisfied with the use of turmeric in improving their health conditions. It is also found that the majority of patients have used turmeric as the alternative therapies and got positive results in their treatments. In general, the results of this research provided several recommendations on the use of CAMs for infectious diseases and revealed that immune system may be boosted by CAMs and accordingly help in prevention and/or treatment of infectious diseases. However, further evaluations for the use of CAMs through consumers’ experience analysis are needed to come to robust conclusions regarding the benefits of CAM as an alternative medicine for infectious disease such as COVID-19.
Image in medicine: Cement pulmonary embolism
Authors:   Cardiology Department, Pasteur University Hospital, Nice, France, F Asarisi , N Heme ,   Cardiology Department, Pasteur University Hospital, Nice, France, E Fourrier ,   Cardiology Department, Pasteur University Hospital, Nice, France, E Ferrari ,   Cardiology Department, Pasteur University Hospital, Nice, France
Published: October 2021

A 65-year-old woman was treated for vertebroplasty (cement injection). 24 hours after the procedure, she complains chest pain. A CT scan was performed which revealed on the same image section the presence of highly radiopaque material in a right basal segmental artery the density of which is strictly identical to that of the cement of the treated vertebra (yellow arrows). This cement pulmonary embolism canot be disolved by an anticoagulant treatment.
Usage of The Field Index in Machine Translation
Authors: Grishkyan Yenok
Published: October 2021

The current article discusses the main problems of human and machine translations, as well as introduces a new lexical description in machine translation for faster and more accurate translation. The new method uses so-called field indicators or the Field Indices to facilitate the MT search engine for words by marking these words with special components creating a semantic field, and allowing the MT devices to search for the word according to its usage in the text.
The Field Index system covers the semantic description of the following main spheres: scientific field, public or social field and humanitarian field. These three spheres contain subfields that usually mingle with the parent index through a dash, with the parent index being with the first one.
The scientific field includes such aspects as geography, mathematics, chemistry, physics, economy, medicine, etc., with related subfields like diseases and biological terms (for medicine), names of drugs (as a separate filed), finance and accounting (as part of economy), etc. Applied Sciences Index contains miscellaneous words used by other subfields of the same scientific sphere: e.g., computer, telephone, function and many others, and plays a crucial part in distinguishing polysemantic words such as mouse (hardware), root (in mathematics), etc.
The public or social field contains subfields that narrow the meaning of words to a specific one and includes aspects as art, agriculture, law, education, religion, housing utilities, time, transportation, people, etc.i+iT Ss the widest semantic field containing a lot of subfields specifying words that belong to such groups as colours, architecture, games, music, sport, etc. (for art index), clothing, beverages, food and production (for agriculture index). Notions of time, people, professions and terms for religion and items used in household are present in this group due to its wide usage within the society.
The humanitarian sphere deals mostly with terms used in languages, literature, manuscripts and libraries. These subfields help identify polysemantic words between nations and languages, book titles and ordinary words and phrases, and literary styles (documentaries, fairy tales, dramas, etc.). In turn, these can be further defined as prose or a poem.
All formulae proposed in the project consider the presence of the Field Indices and its position at the end of the description of the word. Depending on the target language, the translated version should be identical with the source following this very principle.
Forecast of Economic Growth in Armenia
Authors: Mkrtchyan Anahit , Petrosyan Gevorg
Published: October 2021

The article presents the development of methods for forecasting economic growth. Since the 1950s, researchers have paid more attention to economic growth research. Many analysts and economists have focused on methods of forecasting economic growth and have tried to find the principal methods that influenced it.
In the 2000s, economists found out that more than 500 exogenous or indigenous factors affect economic growth. Every national economy has its specifications which makes the forecast of its economic growth uncorrelated with the others. Some of them are heavily affected by oil and gas production, the others – by financial or customer service and a dozen of national economies are affected by the production in agriculture [3]. The economy of Armenia is not an exception. The author showed dynamics of Armenian economic growth, by which factors it has been affected, brought some comparisons with the region's countries. The authors used various econometric models to predict economic growth. The tiniest model, which the author constructed based on the ordinary least squares method, showed that Armenia's economic growth is mainly affected by four factors: Foreign Direct Investments, exports, national savings, and the amount of provided loans in Armenia. The quality of the model was 98% which is very high. The most considerable affection have foreign direct investments (FDI). If the FDI increases by 1 billion dollars, gross domestic product (GDP) will rise by 4.52 billion dollars, 36% of Armenia's GDP in 2019. The affection of Exports is not low either. If the amount of Exports increases by 1 billion dollars, that would raise gross domestic product (GDP) by 1.58 billion dollars which is 13.6% of Armenia's GDP in 2019. The author also tried to predict the economic growth of Armenia for ten years, from 2020-2029. The author used both ARIMA and SARIMA models to forecast economic growth. The results were interesting because they showed the economic crisis of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for change in fiscal and monetary policies. It can be a warning sign to the ministry of Finances, Central Bank of Armenia, to consider critical changes in these policies.
Studying the Quality of Education in the General Educational System During Covid-19
Authors: Poghosyan Gayane
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to history's most significant educational disruption, affecting nearly 1.6 billion students in more than 190 countries and all continents. Closures of schools and other learning spaces have impacted 94 per cent of the world's student population, up to 99 per cent in low and lower-middle-income countries (UESCO CONCEPT, 2020).
Like all countries in the world, Armenia has not escaped the damage caused by the pandemia.
The impetus for the implementation of such a program has come from the initiative of the UNESCO's Associated Schools Network (ASPnet), which aims to raise awareness in the current COVID_19 epidemic and to study the education processes and conditions, quality of education, as well as advantages and disadvantages of distance learning in the general education system.
This study aimed to contribute to achieving the 4th goal of sustainable development in the general education system in pandemic conditions. During the program, students were introduced to the difficulties and benefits of hybrid and distance learning, the importance of participation, the opportunity to self-learn, and the need for empathy and mutual assistance during COVID-19.
UNESCO Associated and UNESCO Partner schools have been selected for participation in the research. These schools have actively participated in the previous projects implemented by UNESCO and have had involvement in different national and international projects.
The project results showed that learning is more effective with the parallel introduction of distance and face-to-face (the traditional style) learning. Hybrid learning has ensured high student performance by solving modern organizational problems and using modern information technologies.
Comparative Investigation of Five Cobras’ Venoms Analgesic Capacity
Authors: Parseghyan Lilya
Published: October 2021

Every day, a lot of people suffer from different types and intensity pain. Pain is probably the most common symptomatic reason to seek medical consultation. Unfortunately, despite improved knowledge of underlying mechanisms and better treatments, many people who have any type of pain receive inadequate care and non-effective drugs. Although the pain transmission channels are intensively studied, and the drug market is constantly replenished with new analgesics, it is well known that existing medications for the treatment of pain are often associated with serious side effects and rapid development of tolerance (moderate efficiency, physical dependence, respiratory arrest, suffocation, cardiac arrest, etc.). Thus, there is a need for new, more effective remedies. For this reason, despite the presence of a large number of anti-pain drugs, research and development of more effective and safe means for anaesthesia continue.
Natural resources, particularly venoms, are a perspective supplier of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory medicines. Venoms are complex mixtures of bioactive substances with high selectivity for physiological processes, including modulation of different ion channels, receptors function, and metabolic pathways. Thus, venoms represent an extensive source of molecules for the development of therapeutic agents.
The goal of this study was the comparison of antinociceptive effects of five different cobras' venom antinociceptive action of cobras’ venoms was carried out under the same experimental conditions, at the same doses, during acute and inflammatory pain in mice in “formalin test”. To avoid toxic effects, the sublethal dose of each cobra venom (approximately 1/10 LD 50 ) was selected.
The behavioural study showed that all tested venoms had a slight sensitizing effect in the acute phase during the first 5 min. In the second, inflammatory phase (16*25min), all tested cobra’s venoms (3μg/0.1ml, intraperitoneal) showed significant antinociceptive action, particularly the Naja naja oxiana venom decreased pain sensitivity by 48.4%, the Naja naja pallida venom by 75.4%, the Naja naja nigricincta venom by 38.5%, the Naja naja kaouthia venom by 33.2%, and the Ophiophagus Hannah venom by 78.3%, (p<0.05). The analgesic capacity of Analgin and Diclofenac under the same conditions were 77.9% and 88.7%, respectively. Thus, the Naja n. pallida and Ophiophagus Hannah venoms have shown the most expressed antinociceptive action, and they have competitive effectiveness compared to classic analgesics. They may be chosen as the most effective from tested venoms for further development of pain relief remedies.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Undergraduate Dental Students regarding rubber dam use at Qassim University
Authors: Alawwad Yazeed Ahmed , Zaman Hira , Javed Muhammad Qasim
Published: October 2021

Background: Improving our clinical skill and training through the scientific evidence is essential so that one can provide the highest quality of care to the patients. In both, endodontic and restorative procedures, proper isolation is very essential prerequisite for its long term success. Rubber dam is considered as a gold standard for isolation in dentistry hence its preclinical training to dental students is of uttermost importance. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dental students in regard to placement and usage of rubber dam Methodology: This is a questionnaire based descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted on the third, fourth and fifth year undergraduate dental students at Qassim University College of Dentistry. The questions were based on knowledge and attitude of participants regarding the practicality of rubber dam use. Data was organized and analyzed by utilizing Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Overall response rate was 59.5%. Around 97.7% of the students agreed upon the importance of using rubber dam. 92% gave positive response regarding use of rubber dam in future restorative and operative cases while 72.7% were willing to gain knowledge about rubber dam through workshops and seminars. Conclusion: This study reaffirms the need for educational methods to be formulated to improve the attitude of dental students towards the used of rubber dam during undergraduate training and after graduation KEYWORDS: Attitude, Knowledge, Dental Students, Rubber dam
Establishing Football Vocational Schools: Perspective from Turkey
Authors: Samur Serdar
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to understand what principles should be used in the future when establishing Football Vocational Schools in Turkey in order to ensure that future Turkish football players are better trained, and that this occurs in economically viable ways. The study was conducted as a case study. The data were collected using the interview technique and then subject to content analysis. Converting the football academy units currently found in Turkish sports clubs into Football Vocational Schools will fill the current deficiencies in the Turkish education system and will provide the well-trained and elite football players increasingly required by professional clubs. These schools should focus on providing education and training in football, which should be complemented by the subjects in the national education curriculum. This will make it easier for talented young footballers to choose football as a profession from an early age. Such a training model will help create a new service area with high added value in a market in which there is strong international competition. Keywords: Vocational School, Syllabus, Football Training, Turkish Education, Football Economy
Management of sports-related and recreational knee Injuries in children: surgical aspects
Authors: Mahmood Talat , Khan Waqas Ali , Iqbal Javaid , Mehdi Syed Kashif , Talat Hafsa , O’grady Paul
Published: October 2021

Sports -related knee injuries are common in children and the management of these injuries continues to evolve. Sports injuries in children affect both growing bone and soft tissues and can result in damage of growth mechanisms with subsequent lifelong, growth disturbance. With an increasing number of paediatric and adolescent athletes presenting with knee injuries. due to sports, a greater demand is put on clinicians and radiologists to assess the specific type of knee injury. Traumatic forces applied to the immature skeleton cause a different type of injury than those seen in adults due to the differences in vulnerability of the musculoskeletal system, especially at the site of the growth cartilage. An overview of several sport-related knee injuries of young athletes are presented, based on anatomical location and their management. The training programmes should be considered an important training tool that growing athletes can adjust to the changes in their bodies and could prevent knee injuries. Keywords: Sports-Related, paediatric, Children, Knee Injuries, Adolescent Sports Players, immature skeleton, growth cartilage.
Prevalence and Predictors of Dysmenorrhea, its Effects and Coping Mechanism among Adolescent
Authors: Jawad Nadia Khan , Ali Zulfiqar , Khail Shumaila Khawaja , Fozia Aasia , Pervaiz Nadia , Rehman Fatima
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological disorders in the world. The current study aims to know the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its management practices among adolescent girls. The study also aim to assess predictors of dysmenorrhea treatment options. Materials and Methods: This institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Mardan Women Hospital, Sheikh Maltoon Town Mardan and Jinnah International Hospital, Abbottabad from June 2020 to November 2020. Pretested self-administrated and a semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection from volunteer adolescent girls to take part in this study. The outcome and exposure variables association was evaluated through a multi regression model and chi-square test. Dysmenorrhea risk was reported by taking the odds ratio at a confidence interval of 95%. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis and statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: Of the total 680 questionnaires, 601 (88.4%) were completed. The response rate and dysmenorrhea prevalence were 88.4% and 53.3% respectively. The mean age of the adolescents was 16.3 ± 1.92. While mean age for Menarche was 12.41 ± 1.62. A significant difference (t= 5.78, p< 0.001) between dysmenorrhea and non-dysmenorrhea age girls was (16.81 ±1.98) and (12.56 ± 1.65) respectively. The common symptom of waist pain among participants was (345, 57.4%). The prevalence of participants taking Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for menstrual symptoms was 191 (31.8%). Dysmenorrhea’s severity and age were the two significant predictors for the prospect of taking a dysmenorrhea pharmacological agent. Conclusion: Our study concluded that a higher prevalence of dysmenorrhea was observed among adolescents compared to Menarche which adversely affects the routine major activities. A significant association between self-reported dysmenorrhea and the abnormal menstrual cycle was found. Adolescents must be educated early on about the safety and efficacy of various dysmenorrhea management options. Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, Adolescence, Menarche
Compare the Outcome of Percutaneous Aspiration with Incision Drainage for Management of Breast Abscess
Authors: Lalley Gul , Rehman Haseena , Sharif Gul , Mehmood Asif , Shoaib Khan Mohammad , Shafi Asim
Published: October 2021

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of percutaneous aspiration with incision drainage for management of breast abscess. Study Design: Comparative Study Place and Duration: The study was conducted at Surgery departments of Lady Reading hospital, Peshawar during the period of six months from August 2020 to January 2021. Methods: Total 110 women were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 20-45 years. Patients’ detailed demographics including age, weight, height and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. Women had breast abscess were included. Patients were equally divided into two groups, I and II. Group I had 55 patients and received percutaneous aspiration while in group II 55 patients were underwent for incision drainage. Outcomes among both groups were compared in terms of early restoration of breast feeding, pain score by using VAS and time of healing. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0 version. Results: Mean age of the patients in group I was 30.11±8.56 years with mean BMI 26.9±3.77 kg/m2 while mean age in group II was 29.17±9.44 years with mean BMI 26.08±3.27 kg/m2. Mean weight of patients in group I was 72.19±17.44 kg and in group II mean weight was 74.35±19.78 kg. Mean height in group I was 154.12±9.55 cm and in group II was 156.08±8.71 cm. Restoration of breast feeding among group I was 47 (85.45%) and in group II 32 (58.2%) patients restored breast feeding. Satisfaction among patients in group I was higher than that of 45 (81.82%) as compared to group II 31 (56.4%). Conclusion: We concluded in this study that percutaneous aspiration in breast abscess was successful and affective as compared to incision drainage with less complications and high satisfaction rate among the women. Keywords: Breast abscess, Percutaneous aspiration, Incision drainage,
Prevalence and risk factors of Appendicitis at Surgery Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Laraib , Maqbool Kiran , Javed Gul Maj Uzma , Ahmad Khan Ishfaq , Mahmood Arshid
Published: October 2021

Background: Appendicitis needs immediate surgical intervention based on indication in the pediatric age group. Among high-risk young children, the prevalence of pre-existing perforation ranges from 30% to 75%. Aim: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for appendicitis in the inpatient surgical department. Place and Duration: Study was conducted at surgical department of Combined Military Hospital, Rawalakot for the period of six months from October 2020 to March 2021. Materials and Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 patients with acute appendicitis diagnosed and confirmed by Ultrasonography among the patients admitted to the surgical department during October 2020 to March 2021. Pretested questionnaire were used to collect and record the necessary information. Results: The sample size of 102 patients had 61 (60%) males and 41 (40%) were females. Appendicitis patients were divided into four age groups: 10-19 years 16 (15.7%), 20-29 years 19 (32.35%), 30-39 years 15 (14.7%), 40-49 years 14 (13.7%), and 50-59 years 7 (.6.8 %). The male-to-female ratio was 3:2. (60 %, 40 %). The most common complaints are abdominal pain (100%), vomiting (55.12%), and fever (87.21%). Based on histopathological diagnosis, the categorical distributions of appendicitis were Acute Appendicitis (48.10%), Lymphoid Hyperplasia (25.50%), and Resolving Appendicitis (47.05%). Conclusion: The prevalence of acute appendicitis is more common in males especially in the age group of 20-29 years based on histological diagnosis. Keywords: Appendicitis, Cross-sectional Study
Challenges Faced in Teaching and Learning during Clinical Years of Dentistry amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liaquat Ahmad , Atta Komal , Khan Rehan Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Background: COVID-19 has had unprecedented effects in all disciplines of life, across the world. Nationwide shutdowns and uncertainty of reopening educational institutes have raised concerns about the smooth continuity of the education system. Sudden and abrupt shifts to online learning poses significant challenges for dental and medical schools everywhere. Aim: This cross-sectional study explores the challenges faces by students and faculty of Undergraduate Dentistry in clinical years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 6th April to 5th May 2020. Two structured questionnaires (for faculty and third, final year BDS students respectively) were designed and validated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21, descriptive statistics were applied and frequencies were calculated for various responses Results : Thirty-three (94.3%) faculty members and 161 (95.3%) students expressed that COVID-19 was disrupting the teaching and learning of the clinical years of dentistry, while 16 (45.7%) said clinical teaching had been disturbed more than knowledge-based teaching. According to the students and faculty members, applications like WhatsApp and Zoom were inadequate for developing clinical skills. Conclusion: Clinical teaching and learning of Dentistry have been considerably disrupted by the Corona Virus. Social media applications such as WhatsApp and Zoom are the most commonly used mode for knowledge transfer but are not adequate platforms for clinical skills needed to gain competence in clinical dentistry. The ability of teaching and accessing mandatory clinical skills using online forums is a major concern and needs to be addressed as soon as possible. Keywords: E-learning, COVID-19 and dental teaching, social media teaching
Outcome of Closure of Wide Based Defects by Various Rotational Flaps
Authors: Anwer Muhammad Sohaib , Waheed Faisal , Khan Atta Ur Rehman , Ullah Sana , Haq Naeem Ul , Sarwar M.Haroon
Published: October 2021

Aim: To observe the outcome of closure of wide based defects by various rotational flaps for meningomyelocele defects. Study setting: Neurosurgery Department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim yar khan Duration: From Oct 2018 to Oct 2020, Methodology: We included 15 patients with wide based myelomeningocele anomalies in the neurosurgery department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim yar khan. Age ranged from four days to eight years. The flaw had a diameter of between 8x5cm and 12x8cm. Rotational flaps were used to restore soft tissue defects in all cases. Result: In this study, we did posterior intercostal artery perforator flap(superiorly based) in 40% patients, double rotation flap (yin yang) in 26.7% patients, superior gluteal artery perforator flap in 20 % patients and z plasty in 13.3 % patients. Regarding complications, 2 (13.3%) individuals had a superficial wound dehiscence. One individual (6.7%) developed necrosis of the distal portion of the flap, which was conventionally handled. Postoperatively, no neurosurgical problem occurred. After an average of 6 months, no patient experienced reappearance or dural sac herniation. Conclusion: Restoration of large meningomyelocele defects using local rotational flaps is a secure and reliable approach for abnormalities in the lumbosacral region. Keywords: Meningomyelocele, rotational flaps
Awareness of Oral Hygiene Practices and Periodontal Health In The Rural Area of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Hoti Kamal Khan , Amin Noor Ul , Qureshi Imran Saleem , Hussain Sajid , Naeem Sana NaeemSana , Khan Ali Hamad , Khan Riaz
Published: October 2021

Aim: To evaluate the oral hygiene-related knowledge, oral hygiene practices, self-efficacy and motivation towards periodontal Health of the rural population of Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Methodology: Comprehensive structural questionnaire was distributed among 138 people. The questionnaire was based on their oral hygiene related knowledge, practices, and behavior pattern. Results: The results of this study show an acute lack of oral hygiene awareness and limited knowledge of oral hygiene practices in Peshawar Conclusion: There is an immediate need for comprehensive educational programme and health activity to promote oral health. Key words: Oral health, Behavior pattern, motivation
Bile Duct Injury in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Fatima Mariam , Ghaffar Naeem , Hussain Muhammad Shahid
Published: October 2021

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is commonly performed surgical procedure for symptomatic gall stone disease due to its better cosmetic results and shorter hospital stay; however, its safety in some cases is still questionable5. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was done in surgical unit 1, Sir Ganga Ram hospital, Lahore, from January 2017 to December 2019. Results: There were 209 cases whose surgical notes, hospital record and follow up notes were studied. Among these, 21 cases were converted to open. There was no injury of bile duct in any case. Conclusion: Experience of surgeon, careful dissection at calot’s triangle, use of critical view of safety and timely decision for conversion to open were factors participating insafe surgery. Keywords: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Bile duct injury, critical view of safety
Correlation between Heavy School Bags and Upper Limb Disabilities among School Going Children
Authors: Ilyas Umer , Waqas Shoaib , Mehmood Bhatti Zahid , Perveen Wajida , Amanat Ali Misbah
Published: October 2021

Aim: To find out correlation between heavy school bags and upper limb disabilities among school going children. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey, using non-probability convenience sampling, was conducted on 396 students of 11 to 15 years after ethical approval in 6 months. Height (in cm) and weight (in Kg) were noted and BMI was calculated. Students with the normal BMI were included in the study. Weigh of the students were recorded with their shoes off while the weight of the bags was calculated with all the stationary included. Quick DASH scale score was calculated and correlated with the weight of the bag by applying Chi-Square test. Results: The mean age of the participants was13.49±1.12 years. The mean weight of the school bag was 6.10±2.1Kgs while the students were carrying more than one-quarter of their body weight. The disability calculated from the quick DASH scale was as high as 40%. Chi-square showed a significant correlation between the upper limb disabilities and the weight of the bag. Conclusion: The study showed that there is a significant correlation that the use of heavy school bags can cause upper limb disabilities in children. Keywords: Heavy School Bags, Upper Limb Disabilities, Children, Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand
ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY FOR DACRYOCYSTITIS FOR NEWBORNS
Authors: ТИЛЕКЕЕВА У.М. , УСКЕНБАЕВ Т.Б.
Published: October 2021

В работе изучена антимикробная терапии дакриоцистита новорожденных, на основе анализа микробного пейзажа возбудителей, их чувствительности к антимикробным препаратам. По степени поражения и по возрастные группам, наиболее часто - 44% эта патология поражала 3-6 месячных младенцев, на втором месте пациенты от 0 до 3х месяцев - 33%, на третьем 6-9 месячные - 19%, на четвертом 9-12 месячные дети 4%. Бактериологический посев 46 образцов выявил отсутствие роста микрофлоры в 8 результатах. Микробный пейзаж в 38 мазках включал 10 возбудителей дакриоцистита новорожденных, наиболее часто высевались St. Еpidermidis и St. Aureus, моноинфекция обнаружена в биоматериале 30 глаз, микстифекция в 8. Наибольшую чувствительность по 84% пораженных глаз актуальные возбудители проявили к фторхинолонам последнего поколения: левофлоксацину и моксифлоксацину, к гентамицину 76,5%, фузидоевой кислоте, ципрофлаксацину по 68,5% глаз к каждому, к тобрамицину 58% глаз. Наименьшую, менее 50% чувствительность в отношении вышеуказанных возбудителей ДН показали офлоксацин и левомицетин.

Antimicrobial therapy for dacryocystitis for newborns, was studied in the work, based on the analysis of the microbial landscape of pathogens, their sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs. By the degree of damage and by age groups, most often - 44% this pathology affected 3-6 month old babies, in second place are patients from 0 to 3 months - 33%, in the third 6-9 months - 19%, in the fourth - 9-12 monthly children 4%. Bacteriological inoculation of 46 samples showed no growth of microflora in 8 results. The microbial landscape in 38 smears included 10 pathogens of neonatal dacryocystitis, most often St. Epidermidis and St. Aureus, monoinfection was found in the biomaterial of 30 eyes, mixed infection in 8. Topical pathogens showed the greatest sensitivity in 84% of the affected eyes to the latest generation of fluoroquinolones: levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, to gentamicin 76.5%, fusidoic acid, ciproflaxacin in 68.5% of each eye, and to tobramycin in 58% of the eyes. Ofloxacin and chloramphenicol showed the smallest, less than 50% sensitivity to the above mentioned DN pathogens.
Novel delivery systems of active substances for intraocular administration
Authors: Herrero Vanrell Rocío
Published: October 2021

Neurodegenerative pathologies affecting the posterior segment of the eye such as diabetic retinopathy, age related macular degeneration and glaucoma are among the main causes of blindness in the world. They have in common that are cronic, multifactorial and in some cases related with the elderly. The treatment of these pathologies require to maintain therapeutic concentrations in the posterior segment thanks to the use of successive intraocular injections which are associated to secondary effects being poor tolerated by patients.
Intraocular drug delivery systems emerged as an alternative to frequent injections as they are able to deliver the therapeutic agent in a controlled fashion into the eye after a single administration. Depending on the biomaterial these delivery systems are biodegradable or non biodegradable. Attending to their sizes, drug delivery systems are classified in implants (>1mm), microsystems (1-1000μm) y nanosystems (1-1000nm).
Biodegradable microspheres emerge as therapeutic tools of great interest for the treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies as they can encapsulate active substances of distinct nature and provide release profiles tailoring with clinical needs. Furthermore, it is possible to administer different amounts of microspheres which correspond to the most adequated doses of the medicine in a personalized therapy. The simultaneous encapsulation of several active substances in the microspheres are of great interest in the treatment of multifactorial diseases covering different therapeutic targets.
O trabalho na economia de plataforma: oportunidade ou problema?
Authors: Sant'Anna Eduardo Paulo Almeida , Barreto Lais Karla da Silva , Gomes Maria Antunizia
Published: October 2021

Este estudo apresenta uma revisão sistemática sobre o trabalho na economia de plataforma. O método revela o contexto em que a economia de plataforma se desenvolve, cria oportunidades, atrai participantes, cresce e se consolida. Este novo ambiente de negócios que exibe capacidade de permitir a inclusão de grande número de trabalhadores no mercado; revela-se incapaz de garantir direitos e prerrogativas mínimas típicas dos empregos tradicionais. A economia compartilhada e sua realidade se revela uma opção que rompe modelos e cria oportunidades. Nossos achados revelam que é necessário regular a relação de trabalho na economia de plataforma, além de buscar obter um novo contrato social mais amplo
The private life and character of physicist John Hyacinth de Magellan (1722-1790)
Authors: Fernandes Thomaz Manuel
Published: October 2021

John Hyacinth de Magellan, a Portuguese physicist who lived in London in the last 26 years of his life until his death in 1790, has his religious life and personal views analyzed in the light of new and previous research. His personal religious evolution is followed throughout his life as well as his views about personal, social and ethical matters. The influence of the religious practice in Portugal during the first half of the 18th century and of the reactionary ideas prevalent in the country at that time was certainly decisive to his emigration to England, since he was a cultivated man that had a strong will to devote himself to scientific matters. Through his correspondence and other sources, it is confirmed that he never gave up Catholicism, though his religious practice was not always strict and orthodox, and sometimes it seemed to be somewhat similar to Protestantism.
Please keep it simple: citations, links and references
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

In my last post I wrote about the importance of keeping things simple in scholarly publishing, today I want to go into more detail with one example: citations in scholarly documents. Citations are an essential part of scholarly documents, and they are summarized in the references section at the end of the article or book chapter. The problem is that not everything that is cited in a scholarly document ends up in the references list.
Using Microsoft Word with git
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

One of the major challenges of writing a journal article is to keep track of versions - both the different versions you create as the document progresses, and to merge in the changes made by your collaborators. For most academics Microsoft Word is the default writing tool, and it is both very good and very bad in this.
Visualizing Scholarly Content
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

One topic I will cover this Sunday in a presentation on Open Scholarship Tools at

Wikimania 2014

together with Ian Mulvany is visualization. Data visualization is all about

telling stories with data

, something that is of course not only important for scholarly content, but for example increasingly common in journalism.
One Ring to Rule them All
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them. Yesterday 60 years ago the first volume of the Lord of the Rings trilogy by J.R.R. Tolkien was published.
Six Misunderstandings about Scholarly Markdown
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

In this post I want to talk about some of the misunderstandings I frequently encounter when discussing markdown as a format for authoring scholarly documents.Scholars will always use Microsoft Word Microsoft Word is of course what almost all authors use in the life sciences and many other disciplines. One big reason for this is the file formats accepted my manuscript submission systems.
The Complete Article
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Open access to research data is becoming increasingly important, as manifested by memos or press releases from the Wellcome Trust, the European Commission, and the the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) from the White House.
Creating charts with Datawrapper
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Figures are an important part of any scientific document. While the kind of figure commonly used obviously varies between disciplines, charts are an important part of many publications.
My Paper Writing Dream Machine 1.0
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

I’ve written a similar post

before

, put I would like to talk about some of the features that I would like to see in an ideal paper writing application.

Intelligent Formatting

Content and formatting should be separated from each other.
You should be able to install my software in less than one hour – or why DevOps is important
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Cameron Neylon yesterday wrote a great blog post about appropriate business models for shared scholarly communications infrastructure. This is an area I have also been thinking about a lot recently, and in this post I want to add a technical perspective (and an announcement) to the discussion. DevOps is an important trend that brings software development and administration of IT infrastructure closer together.
Baby steps toward better metrics
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Article-Level Metrics provide new ways to look at the impact of scholarly research. Two important concepts are a) to track metrics for individual scholarly articles instead of using numbers aggregated by journal, and b) to go beyond citations and also include usage stats and altmetrics. Article-Level Metrics is also doing something else: instead of tracking impact by year, it looks at usage, altmetrics and citations in real-time.
ORCID has launched. What’s next?
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Last week has been busy. I went to Berlin for the launch of the Open Researcher & Contributor ID (ORCID) service. ORCID allows researchers to obtain a persistent identifier that can be used to claim publications and other scholarly works.
What Users do with PLOS ONE Papers
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Inspired by four recent blog posts and their comments (Comments at journal websites: just turn them off, Open Access and The Dramatic Growth of PLoS ONE, No Comment?, If you email it, they will comment), I created a graphic to show what users do with PLoS ONE papers. As always, the data behind the graphic are openly available.
More fun with Visualizations
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

This has been another week working on visualizations. I have summarised some of the results in a blog post over at the PLoS API website. One of my current favorites is the dot chart. PLoS Computational Biology publishes a collection of Ten Simple Rules. The dot chart below summarizes the HTML pageviews, PDF downloads and Mendeley readers for this collection.
Figshare: Interview with Mark Hahnel
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

figshare allows researchers to publish all of their research outputs in seconds in an easily citable, sharable and discoverable manner. The service was started by Mark Hahnel last year while still a PhD student. Mark joined Digital Science to work on figshare in September and last month relaunched a much improved version of the service. I asked Mark a few questions about figshare below.
The Personalized Journal
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Earlier this week I wrote a guest post for the

Impact of Social Sciences

blog.
Recipe: Receiving Journal Table of Contents Automatically
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Problem You want to regularly go through the papers published in the most important journals in your research field.Solution Subscribe to the journal table of contents (TOC) RSS feed. Almost all journals now provide their TOC as RSS feed that is updated with every new issue. RSS is a standard web format used to publish frequently updated works.
OAI-PMH: Interview with Tony Hammond
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Most of us find, store and sometimes read scientific papers electronically. Although abstracts and full-text papers are usually available as web pages in HTML format, PDF is clearly the preferred format for storing and printing papers. But publishing scientific papers in electronic form obviously requires more than providing the content in HTML or PDF format.
eXtyles: Interview with Elizabeth Blake and Bruce Rosenblum
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Scientific papers are submitted to a journal as word processor files, usually in Microsoft Word format. After the paper is accepted for publication, the journal takes the manuscript and translates the text into a format that is better suited for publication online and/or in print. XML and the NLM DTD – a set of XML schema modules – have evolved as the standard data format for this purpose.
BibApp: Mashups for Universities
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Friday afternoon discussions can be dangerous.
Yet another look at blogging networks
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

The last few days we have seen a number of blog posts reflecting on the pros and cons of science blogging networks. Bora Zivkovic last week announced his departure from scienceblogs.com, and in his must-read post reflected on the history of science blogging (A Farewell to Scienceblogs: the Changing Science Blogging Ecosystem). Richard Grant on Saturday wrote down his thoughts On Nature Network.
Unmeasurable Science
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

On Wednesday PLoS BLOGs launched with a splash. We (both PLoS BLOGs as a whole and me individually) got a lot of positive feedback and words of encouragement – so we are off to a good start. As both our community manager Brian Mossop and myself are currently in London for the Science Online London Conference, we could celebrate the launch in person. With a good pint of British ale Thursday evening.
Flipboard: PLoS BLOGs on the iPad
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

The iPad owners among the PLoS BLOGs readers can use the free Flipboard application to read all the great content that is written by my fellow ploggers PLoGsters (as suggested by David Kroll). In Flipboard simply create a new section and then add content to it by following the @plosblogs Twitter account. There are of course many other ways Flipboard can be used to follow science blogs, e.g. by following the @researchblogs Twitter account.
Book Review: Visualize This by Nathan Yau
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

In July Wiley published the book

Visualize This – The Flowing Data Guide to Design, Visualization and Statistics

. The book is written by

Nathan Yau

, and he is of course also behind the popular FlowingData blog about the same topic. This is a short review of the book. Please keep in mind that I’m no expert in data visualization.
How to use Citation Typing Ontology (CiTO) in your blog posts
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

One of the annoyances with bibliographies as we use them for scholarly papers is that is usually unclear why a particular paper was cited. It is often possible for readers to gather this information by looking at the citation in the context of the surrounding text, but this is very difficult to automate.
Some thoughts on principles for scientific attribution
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Today I posted a document that should help define a set of principles for scientific attribution. These principles will be presented and discussed at the National Science Foundation workshop

Changing the Conduct of Science in the Information Age

on November 12. Many people helped me with this document (Cameron Neylon in particular), and I welcome comments and suggestions.
Books about scientific writing
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Last weekend I visited my brother-in-law in Cambridge (UK). In the Cambridge University Press bookstore I found the wonderful little book

How to Write and Illustrate a Scientific Paper

by Björn Gustavii (Cambridge University Press 2003). On less than 150 pages B. Gustavii gives a good summary of the typical problems and their solutions.
Could you write your next paper within the manuscript submission system?
Authors: Fenner Martin
Published: October 2021

Last week I wrote about web-based writing tools. I believe that these tools are

almost

there and someone has to put the pieces together to make them work for writing a scientific paper. EJ Press System by EJournal Press, Manuscript Central by ScholarOne and Editiorial Manager by Aries Systems are among the most popular web-based online submission systems.