bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Innovative Management of “Made By” and “Made In” as a Factors in Brand Image and Competitiveness in the Fashion Industry
Authors: Olivares-Delgado Fernando , Benlloch-Osuna María Teresa , Blay-Arráez Rocío
Published: July 2020

This chapter addresses how fashion brands innovatively manage the “country of origin” (“made by” and “made in”) variable, as well as the consequences in terms of brand image, reputation, and competitiveness. This empirical work gives an account of the fashion brands Spanish millennials wear. Then, the authors assess their degree of brand literacy through their knowledge of the country of origin of the said brands (“made by”) and of the manufacturing country (“made in”). Last, they evaluate how their awareness of “made by” and “made in” affects the millennials' image and feelings.
Monsanto GeoHotel Escola
Authors: Garcia Ana Rita Baptista , Filipe Sara Brito
Published: July 2020

This research analyses the design process in the creation of Monsanto GeoHotel Escola (MGHE). The problem that underlies the study is the definition of the concept; identification of the actors who participated in the construction; the role of the academy, local government, and other partners; and the design strategy adopted. Methodologically, the authors triangulated documentary data with direct observation and interviewing the various team members as well as the heads of the partner institutions. They conclude that design thinking has proven to be an effective process to meet new needs. MGHE has adopted this method or process through multidisciplinary teams and focused on the needs of consumers: tourists, students of the Hospitality course. The active participation of consumers, from the partners involved in the process, from the inspiration phase to the ideation phase, including the implementation phase, ensured/ensures the necessary dynamics for the competitiveness of hotel equipment.
Experimental Study on Compressive Property of Steel Fiber Recycled Mortar Porous Brick Masonry
Authors: Gu Xin , Sun Shu Chang , Xu Mao Xing , Peng Yi Liang
Published: July 2020

From the compression test of steel fiber recycled mortar porous brick masonry, it was researched the effects of different amounts of steel fiber and recycled fine aggregate on compressive strength, failure morphology, elastic modulus, stress-strain law and Poisson's ratio performance. The test value is compared with the calculation formula of ordinary mortar porous brick given in GB 50003-2011.The test showed that the steel fiber recycled mortar porous brick masonry had better compressive strength and deformability.
Study of Coconut Charcoal Powder and Egg Shell Powder as Partial Replacement to Fine Aggregates and Cement in Load Bearing Concrete Bricks
Authors: Palacio Airvin John C. , Furiscal Nioro G. , Abalos Katrina Mae L. , Alferez Dioven Angelo A. , Bade Edmer A. , Carumba Jasper Jay C. , Rodolfo Christopher E. , Santos Franz D.
Published: July 2020

Waste disposal is one of the issues that plague the society. Philippines is an agricultural country due to its strategic location in the tropics. Because of this nature, the agriculture sector tends to produce a huge amount of waste that if not disposed properly could pose a threat to the society and to the environment. With the advancement of technology, it has been a challenge for researchers to improve the quality of construction materials that is used in the industry. Studies have been performed on the possibilities of incorporating agricultural wastes to various construction materials as a form of waste diversion. In order to address the problem with agricultural wastes as well as to improve the property of construction materials, a study on coconut waste and eggshell waste was conducted as a constituent in concrete brick production. In this study, the density, compressive strength as well as the water absorption of concrete bricks with coconut charcoal powder (CCP) and eggshell powder (ESP) as replacement for fine aggregates and cement was conducted. Different mix ratios (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% CCP with a constant value of 5% ESP in each mix ratio) were carried out and the results were compared to a control sample. From the results of the density test, the concrete bricks with 5% CCP and 5% ESP was the lightest at a density of 1678.184 kg/m3, it also showed the least water absorption at 8.58% and exhibited the highest compressive strength at 17.5 MPa.
Characterization of Alkali-Treated Banana Fiber and its Effects as Web Reinforcement on the Axial Load Capacity of Concrete
Authors: Kamal Aiman A. , Taguba Manny Anthony M. , Marasigan Anne Mica G. , Samonte Rhobin M. , Bata Aldrin N. , Manhic Ahron G. , Alzona Allan R. , Santos Franz D.
Published: July 2020

The Philippines is an agricultural country due to its location in the tropics. Because of this nature, the agriculture sector tends to produce a huge amount of waste that if not disposed properly could pose a threat to the society and to the environment. Studies have been performed on the possibilities of incorporating agricultural wastes to various construction materials as a form of waste diversion. In order to address the problem with agricultural wastes as well as to improve the property of construction materials, a study on alkali-treated banana fiber as web reinforcement in concrete was done. In this study, a characterization of alkali-treated banana fiber was done in order to assess the characteristics of a possible reinforcement for concrete by tensile strength test on the fiber. The applicability of the treated fiber was then examined as a web reinforcement in concrete in terms of its load capacity. The parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect on the compressive strength of varying bundle diameter (4 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm) while holding the spacing of mesh at 20 mm and also the effect of varying mesh spacing (10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm and 25 mm) while holding the diameter at 16 mm. Test results show that the 4 mm diameter of treated banana fiber yielded the highest tensile strength at 314 N compared to only 197 N of the untreated banana fiber. The parametric study results the diameter of banana fiber indicate that the increase in diameter also results in the increase in load capacity. With respect to spacing, the smaller the value of spacing results in higher load capacity.
Optimization of Sustainable Concrete Mixes Containing Binary and Ternary Blends
Authors: Sabouni Reem , Abdulhameed Hassan Raad
Published: July 2020

In this research 26 mixes in six different group were studied with three groups for each of the water cementitious material ratios (w/b) of 0.3 and 0.4 and a control mix. The first and fourth groups contained five percentages of silica fume (SF) as partial replacement of cement (5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5, 15%) for w/b ratios of 0.3 and 0.4, respectively. The second and fifth groups contained four percentages of Class F fly (FA) ash as partial replacement of cement (10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) for the w/b ratios of 0.3 and 0.4, respectively. The third and sixth groups contained three different percentages of both Class F fly ash and silica fume as partial replacement of cement with SF 5%+ FA 10%, SF 10%+ FA 15% and SF 15%+ FA 20% for w/b ratios of 0.3 and 0.4, respectively. For all of these mixes the compressive strength was first studied then the benefit greenhouse gases (GHG) ratio and Benefit cost ratio were found for all the studied mixes. Two optimization processes were performed during the course of this research, the first optimization process results can be used when the concrete durability is not a concern (concrete durability results are not accounted for). Whereas, the results of the second optimization process can be used when the concrete durability is a concern (concrete durability results are accounted for). The details of the results and the optimization processes are presented in this paper.
Effect of Stress Fields on Acoustic Emission during Delayed Fracture of Glass
Authors: Akematsu Yoshiaki , Tani Takayuki , Gotho Hiromitsu
Published: July 2020

We investigated the effects of the stress field on acoustic emission (AE) during delayed fracture of glass. Delay fracture occurrence was controlled by the Vickers indentation load and kind of glass. Delayed fractures of glass were monitored by an AE method. After the Vickers hardness test, the glass surface was observed and its condition was compared with the AE signals. Characteristic AE signals were identified, and it was shown that the AE method is effective in measurements on the delayed fracture of glass.
Evaluation of the Modulus of Elasticity for Dry Press Lightweight EPS Concrete
Authors: Ali Siti Nurul Ain , Juri Amirah Mohamad , Kamaruddin Kartini , Mohd Hashim Mohd Hisbany , Saman Hamidah Mohd
Published: July 2020

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) concrete is a promising material as lightweight features, environment-friendly materials and potentially used in lightweight building construction. However, EPS concrete has substantially affected the transition zone of elastic behavior of the element. This paper aims to evaluate the modulus of elasticity (MOE) from the compression test method for the EPS concrete. The MOE also was predicted through existing models in codes of practice using actual data from compressive strength and density of EPS concrete. To verify the proposal of a new empirical model from EPS concrete, the actual and prediction of MOE were compared. The EPS concrete specimens were based on EPS replacements and design mixtures. From the outcome of the study, it demonstrated significant improvements in strength and in the elasticity modulus were observed in the implementation of the dry press moulding for concrete mixtures.
Durability Performances of Aramid Fiber Reinforced Polymer as Reinforcement Material for Concrete Structures in Cold Regions
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Liu Chun Lin , Zhu Wen , Tang Meng Xiong , Hu He Song , Chen Hang , Hou Zhen Kun
Published: July 2020

A series of tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical performances of aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) and its epoxy resin matrix after 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 freeze-thaw cycles in the dry air, respectively. After a given number of freeze-thaw cycles, the residual tensile strength and elastic modulus of AFRP specimens were measured, and the lap-shear strength of epoxy resin adhesive specimens was gained. Test results show that: (1) Variation of the elastic modulus of AFRP with the increasing of the freeze-thaw cycles exhibits the same tendency as the tensile strength did. They increase in the first 20 to 40 cycles and then decrease till the end of 80 cycles; (2) The tensile strength and elastic modulus of AFRP decreases by 5.1% and 8.2%, respectively, after 80 cycles as compared with that kept in the laboratory environments. However, the effect of the freeze-thaw cycling in the dry air on the tensile properties of CFRP is very limited within 80 cycles; (3) The freeze-thaw cycling in the dry air of this study has an adverse effect on the adhesive property of the epoxy resin, which could be regarded as the evidence for the degradation of the interface between aramid/carbon fiber and matrix.
Analytical Computational Models for Relationship between Ultimate Bending Moment of Concrete Segments and Axial Force
Authors: Wang Zhi Yun , Li Shou Ju
Published: July 2020

Concrete segments are widely used to support soil and water loadings in shield-excavated tunnels. Concrete segments burden simultaneously to the loadings of bending moments and axial forces. Based on plane deformation assumption of material mechanics, in which plane section before bending remains plane after bending, ultimate bending moment model is proposed to compute ultimate bearing capacity of concrete segments. Ultimate bending moments of concrete segments computed by analytical models agree well with numerical simulation results by FEM. The accuracy of proposed analytical computational model for ultimate bending moment of concrete segments is numerically verified. The analytical computational model and numerical simulation for a practical engineering case indicate that the ultimate bending moment of concrete segments increases with increase of axial force on concrete segment in the case of large eccentricity compressive state.
Effects of Cutting Fluids on Surface Roughness in Single-Point Diamond Turning of Rapidly Solidified Aluminium (RSA 431)
Authors: Oyekunle F.A , Abou-El-Hossein Khaled
Published: July 2020

Single-point diamond turning is a technique of ultra-high precision machining that provides excellent quality of surface for mirrors, spherical and aspherical components. In SPDT just like other machining processes, cutting fluid plays an important role in metal removal and tool condition which largely influence the surface of diamond turned surface. In this paper, the surface roughness of diamond turned RSA 431 was studied by investigating the effect of kerosene mist and water as cutting fluids. Higher order response surface of Box-Behnken design was generated using fewer runs than a normal factorial technique. The cutting parameters that were varied for both experiments were depth of cut, feed and, speed. Taylor Hobson PGI Dimension XL surface Profilometer was used to measure the surface roughness after each experimental run. The results show that water when used as cutting fluid during machining, produces better surface roughness than kerosene mist. Predictive models for surface roughness were developed for each experiment. Values from the Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) was used to evaluate and compare the two models to determine the accuracy. RSM also proved to be a better methodology of predicting surface roughness.
Influence of Process Parameters on Electrode Wear in Electrical Discharge Machining Cylindrical Shaped Parts
Authors: Cuong Nguyen Van , Ky Le Hong , Hong Tran Thi , Hoang Tran Thanh , Cuong Nguyen Manh , Tung Luu Anh , Tu Nguyen Thanh , Pi Vu Ngoc
Published: July 2020

This paper introduces an optimization study on electrode wear when electrical discharge machining (EDM) cylindrical shaped parts made from 90CrSi. In the study, the experiments were performed and analyzed by using Taguchi method. The input parameters of the experiments were the pulse on time, the pulse off time, the current, and the server voltage. The effect of input parameters on the electrode wear were evaluated by analyzing variance. Also, the optimum values of the input parameter were proposed for getting the minimum electrode wear.
Biofilm Formation of Cariogenic Bacteria on Vanillin-Incorporated Orthodontic Retainer PMMA Resin
Authors: Thaweboon Sroisiri , Fujita Mari , Nagano Keiji , Thaweboon Boonyanit
Published: July 2020

Orthodontic retainers made of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin are generally used after finished orthodontic treatment to hold teeth in the right position and avoid the shift out from the alignment. The use of these devices can place patients at greater risk of dental caries through the biofilm accumulation of caries-associated bacteria and food debris on the rough surfaces or inherent porosities of PMMA surfaces of appliances themselves. Vanillin, the major component of flavoring agent vanilla, has been demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity against many types of microorganisms. This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial property of vanillin-incorporated orthodontic retainer PMMA resin on the biofilm formation of cariogenic bacteria. The self-curing orthodontic retainer PMMA resin samples were produced according to the percentage of vanillin adding (0%, 0.1% and 0.5% vanillin) (SCG Chemicals, Thailand). All samples were coated with sterile unstimulated saliva. Then the cariogenic bacterial suspensions of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25715, Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33478, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 314 were added and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 atmosphere for 48 h to allow the biofilm formation. The amount of vital biofilm was determined by WST Microbial Cell Counting Kit (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA) at 460 nm. One-way ANOVA and Turkey’s test were employed for the statistical analysis. A significant inhibitory effect against all tested bacteria was observed in 0.5% vanillin incorporated samples compared with 0% vanillin. The percentage of biofilm reduction was 23-45%. The adding of 0.1% vanillin showed suppressive effect only on Lactobacillus spp. In conclusion, the incorporation of 0.5% vanillin to self-curing orthodontic retainer PMMA resin could significantly inhibit biofilm formation of cariogenic bacteria (S. mutans, S. sobrinus, L. casei and L. acidophilus). Using this PMMA resin, removable orthodontic appliances with antimicrobial property can be applied to prevent dental caries or tooth demineralization in orthodontic patients.
Physical Properties of Vanillin Incorporated Self-Curing Orthodontic Polymethylmethacrylate Resin
Authors: Poonpiriya Thongchai , Sawaengkit Pornrachanee , Thaweboon Sroisiri , Churnjitapirom Pornkiat
Published: July 2020

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin is the main polymeric material used in removable orthodontic appliances. However, it can promote the adhesion of microbes due to its surface porosity and from long-term use. While vanillin incorporated PMMA resin has been reported to have antimicrobial effects against Candida albicans, the influence of vanillin incorporation on the physical properties of self-curing orthodontic PMMA resin has not been studied. Objective: To determine the flexural strength and flexural modulus of self-curing orthodontic PMMA resin incorporated with vanillin in different concentrations. Materials and methods: Three groups of self-curing orthodontic PMMA with incorporated vanillin concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% as well as PMMA without vanillin as a control were prepared with ten specimens per group. Flexural strength and flexural modulus were tested by a 3-point bending machine according to ISO 20795-2:2013 specifications. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a p<0.05 significance level were used to analyse the data. Results: The 0.1% vanillin incorporated group met ISO standard requirements (flexural strength = 60.48 MPa, flexural modulus = 1756.60 MPa), while the 0.5% vanillin incorporated group failed to pass this standard (flexural strength = 46.94 MPa, flexural modulus = 1423.49 MPa). The means of both flexural strength and flexural modulus showed significant differences among the three groups. Increasing the concentration of vanillin would decrease the flexural strength and flexural modulus of PMMA resin. Conclusion: The incorporation of vanillin into self-curing orthodontic PMMA resin can affect its physical properties, namely flexural strength and flexural modulus. At a concentration of 0.1% vanillin incorporation, PMMA resin displayed physical properties within the ISO standards.
Study on Detection of Carbaryl Pesticides by Using Surface-Enhance Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Chakaja Chaiwat , Limwichean Saksorn , Nuntawong Noppadon , Eiamchai Pitak , Kalasung Sukon , Nimittrakoolchai On-Uma , Houngkamhang Nongluck
Published: July 2020

In this research, the Ag nanorod structure was used as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) chip which provides a sensitive detection signal for trace analysis of carbaryl pesticide. Carbaryl in solid form was measured by using the standard Raman spectroscopy to investigate the spectrum. Carbaryl at various concentrations was prepared in acetonitrile and dropped on the SERS chip for measuring Raman spectrum by a portable Raman spectrometer. The measurement condition including laser power and exposure time were studied to test the performance of SERS chip for carbaryl detection. From the results, the SERS chip useful for enhancing the Raman scattering signal which was increased depending on the laser power and exposure time. Carbaryl can be detected on SERS chip couple with the portable Raman spectrometer with the limit of detection of 10-5 M.
Some existence results for a quasilinear problem with source term in Zygmund-space
Authors: Hamour Boussad
Published: July 2020

In this paper we study the existence of solution to the problem

\left\{\begin{array}{l} u\in H_{0}^{1}(\Omega), \\ -\textrm{div}\,(A(x)Du)=H(x,u,Du)+f(x)+a_{0}(x)\, u\quad \text{in} \quad\mathcal{D}'(\Omega), \end{array} \right.

where

\Omega

is an open bounded set of

\mathbb{R}^{2}

,

A(x)

a coercive matrix with coefficients in

L^\infty(\Omega)

,

H(x,s,\xi)

a Carathéodory function satisfying, for some

\gamma > 0

,

-c_{0}\, A(x)\, \xi\xi\leq H(x,s,\xi)\,{\rm sign}(s)\leq \gamma\,A(x)\,\xi\xi \;\;\; {\rm a.e. }\; x\in \Omega,\;\;\;\forall s\in\mathbb{R},\;\;\; \forall\xi \in \mathbb{R}^{2}.

Here

f

belongs to

L^1(\log L^1)(\Omega)

and

a_{0} \geq 0

to

L^{q}(\Omega )

,

q > 1

. For

f

and

a_{0}

sufficiently small, we prove the existence of at least one solution

u

of this problem which is such that

e^{\delta_0 |u|} -1

belongs to

H_{0}^{1}(\Omega)

for some

\delta_0\geq\gamma

and satisfies an
a priori
estimate.
Amphibian toxins from the skin of Bufo regularis have inhibitory effect on electrically invoked contractile response and bimodal effects on tone of longitudinal muscle of guinea pig ileum
Authors: Tolessa Tesfaye
Published: July 2020

The skins of some amphibians contain potentially bioactive principles that may have pharmaceutical, medicinal, toxicological or chemical importance. In addition, such active principles can be used as tools in biomedical research. The present study aims at isolating and purifying bioactive principles from the skin of Bufo regularis and studying their effect on isolated longitudinal smooth muscle strip of guinea pig ileum. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to isolate toad toxins. The effects of crude, semi-purified and purified extracts were tested on longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum using organ bath method. Effect of the toxins was studied on electrically-induced contractile response and the basal tone of the longitudinal muscle strip. HPLC purification resulted in four different bioactive components with a λmax UV absorbance pattern of around 295 nm. When tested on guinea pig ileum they had persistent inhibitory effect on the electrically-induced contractile responses. The pattern of effect was initial excitatory followed by long lasting inhibitory effect on tone of longitudinal muscle. The HPLC eluate at 79th min in methanol preparative run corresponding to the eluate at 40th min in the acetonitrile run had the maximum bioactivity. Hence, it was concluded that the skin of B. regularis contains four different components which vary in their potency on isolated smooth muscle strip of guinea pig ileum.Keywords: Bufo regularis, organ bath, longitudinal muscle of ileum, toad toxin, electrical field stimulation
Social-cognitive factors influencing household decisions to grow orange-fleshed sweet potato in Uganda
Authors: Sulaiman Ndaula , Haroon Sseguya , Frank Matsiko
Published: July 2020

This study examined the role of social-cognitive factors in farmers’ decisions to cultivate orange-fleshed sweetpotato as a food-based approach to alleviating vitamin A deficiency among rural households in Uganda. Cross-sectional survey data collected from 341 randomly selected household level decision-makers drawn from two rural districts in Uganda were analysed using hierarchical regression. Perceived capability and perceived social approval significantly predicted household decisions to grow orange-fleshed sweet potato (p≤0.001). Overall, decision-makers’ subjective norms and control beliefs were found to be significant mediators (p≤0.01) of the orange-fleshed sweet potato acceptance process. These results point to a cardinal role for processes that create supportive social and cognitive environments in promoting the cultivation of bio-fortified technologies such as orange-fleshed sweet potato.Keywords: Orange-fleshed sweet potato, social approval, Uganda
Contributions of non-wood forest products to household livelihood and poverty reduction among farmers in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Chiebonam Onyia Chukwuemeka , Achike Anthonia Ifeyinwa , Onah Ogochukwu Gabriella
Published: July 2020

The study analysed the contributions of species of NWFPs to farm household’s livelihood and poverty reduction. One hundred and twenty respondents were selected through multistage sampling procedure. Frequency, mean and likert scale and probit model were used for the analysis. The results indicated that the majority were male (63.33 %) and had mean age of 56 years. The most commonly collected plant species of NWFPs were bitter kola (Garcina kola), breadfruit (Treculia africana), bush mango (I.gabonenesis and wombulu), kola nut (Cola nitida), cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale), Icheku (Dalium guinese), African star apple (Chrysophylum albidium), Avocado pear (Persea americana), African bush mango (Dacryodes edulis) and Oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) while the most commonly collected animal species of NWFPs were bee products (Apis mellifera linneaeus 1758), flying termites (Reticulitermes flavipes) and fish (Ictalurus punctatus). Wealth category and occupation positively and significantly increased the contributions of NWFPs to household food security. Educational level had negative and significant effect on the contributions of NWFPs to household food security. Household size and occupation positively and significantly increased the contributions of NWFPs to household income. Household size and occupation positively and significantly increased the contributions of NWFPs to household income. The result of the proportion of household income from NWFPs shows that 54.43% indicated that species of NWFPs constituted over 50% of their household income.Keywords: Non wood forest products, household income
Community participation and sustainability of the community and social development projects in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Olayinka Jelili , Adekunmi Adesoji Oyeniyi , Ayanda Ibrahim Folorunsho
Published: July 2020

The study identified development projects instituted under the CSDP, ascertained extent of community participation at every critical stage of the project and determined whether perceived sustainability of CSDPs was significantly related to community participation in Kwara State. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Structured interview schedule was used for data collection while percentages, mean scores and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) were used for data analysis. Community participation in organization of and attendance at meeting and financial contribution was high with weighted mean scores of 1.62 and 1.50, respectively, but low in most other project components. There was significant but positive relationship between age (r = 0.25), estimated monthly income (r = 0.26) and perceived sustainability (r = 0.31) and community participation at p ≤ 0.01. In contrast, there was significant but inverse relationship between community participation and number of project executed (r = -0.25). In conclusion, extent of community participation was low in most project components and community participation tended to increase with higher monthly income, fewer number of projects individual participated in, and higher perceived sustainability of the projects. Stakeholders of the CSDPs at government’s and grassroots’ levels should allow for more engagement of the people at all components of the CSDPs and the local communities should take on fewer projects at a time so as to enhance community participation.Keywords: Community participation, CSDP, participatory development, perceived sustainability, gender balance
Socio-economic determinants of agripreneurship choice among youths in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Umeh Nwabueze Gibson , Nwibo Simon Uguru , Nwofoke Christian , Igboji Chidi , Ezeh Ann Nnenna , Mbam Nwangele Boniface
Published: July 2020

The study determined effects of socio-economic characteristics of the youths on agripreneurship choice. The study adopted a multistage sampling technique in eliciting data from one hundred and eighty youth agripreneurs using structured questionnaires. The study also employed percentage, mean and probit regression analysis statistics to realize the objectives. The result showed that about 60% of the youth agripreneurs in Ebonyi State, Nigeria  were male who are within the mean active age of 27 years and earn a mean annual income of N77, 333 and average household size of five 5 persons. The agripreneurial choices made by most youths were; farm production (crop and livestock production), farm input supply, agro-processing, and marketing/distribution. Age, marital status, household size, education, annual income, source of capital and family agripreneurial history have strong significant effect on the agripreneurial choice among the youth. Agripreneurship education and training should be introduced at tri-aggregates levels of agribusiness to ensure capacity building among the youth for diverse agro-enterprises.Keywords: Farm production, agripreneurship choice
Effect of information sources on farmers’ adoption of Sawah eco-technology in Nigeria
Authors: Idowu Alarima Cornelius , Kazeem Aromolaran Adetayo , Enitan Fapojuwo Oluwakemi , Olawunmi Ayinde Adefunke Fadilat , Tsugiyuki Masunaga , Toshiyuki Wakatsuki
Published: July 2020

This study examined the effect of information sources on farmers’ adoption of Sawah eco-technology in Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 166 sawah farmers from Delta, Ebonyi, Kebbi, Kwara, Niger and Ondo states. Interview guide was used to elicit information on the farmers’ personal and production characteristics, sources of information and the sawah eco-technologies. Frequency counts, percentages, means, and chi-square were used to analyse the data. The results of the study revealed that average years of rice production and sawah rice production of the respondents were 34.0 years and 6.9 years respectively. The average farm size and yield of sawah rice of the respondents were 0.46 ha and 3.25 tonnes/ha, respectively. Commonly adopted sawah eco-technologies by the farmers were nursery bed preparations (100.0%), bund construction (92.9%), canal construction (84.9%), flooding (78.3%), puddling (73.4%) and use of power tiller (65.2%). The main sources of information on sawah by the respondents were contact farmers (92.4%), farmers’ association (87.3%), extension agents (87.3%), researchers (79.3%) and friends/relations (77.9%). There was significant (p<0.05) association between respondents’ use of contact farmers (χ2 = 31.28), extension agents (χ2 = 22.19), farmers association (χ2 = 23.06), researchers (χ2 = 19.62) and friends / relations (χ2 = 31.09) and adoption of sawah eco-technology. This study concluded that information sources are important in dissemination of sawah technologies in Nigeria. Therefore, improving the use of information sources that significantly affect adoption of sawah technology should be encouraged among farmers.Keywords: Information sources, Sawah eco-technology, technology adoption
Essential Trace Element Status of Pregnant Women with Pregnancy Complication History in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Otebhi G.E. , Osadolor H.B.
Published: July 2020

Essential trace elements are catalytic substances needed by the human body in small amount. The objective of this study was to determine the serum levels of selected essential trace elements (copper, zinc, iron and selenium) in pregnant women with history of pregnancy complications in Benin City, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods for blood. Sample collection and analysed by EAAS. Result showed that pregnant women with complications history had blood mean (mean ± SEM) levels of Copper (µg/l) =107.47± 0.18, Zinc (µg/l) = 86.19 ± 0.41, Iron (µg/l) = 108.50 ± 0.18 and Selenium (µg/l)=42.13± 0.39; while those without complications history had blood mean levels of Copper=125.65 ± 1.60, Zinc =91.91± 0.84, Iron=112.26± 0.33 and Selenium=46.47± 0.32.The non-pregnant women who never had complications in their previous pregnancies had blood mean levels of Copper =129.91± 1.49, Zinc=108.08± 0.52, Iron=136.58± 0.80 and Selenium=51.32 ± 0.10. Pregnant women with complications history recorded very high significant reduction (P<0.001) in the essential trace elements mean values compared to pregnant and non-pregnant women without complications. Reduction in the essential trace elements has negative impact on the development of pregnancy complications among pregnant women in Benin City, Nigeria.Keywords: Essential, Elements, Pregnancy, Complications
Occurrence of a Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Congener in Surface Water, Sediments and Blackchin Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) from Ologe Lagoon, Nigeria
Authors: Obanya H.E. , Ntor C. , Okoroafor C.U. , Nwanze R.
Published: July 2020

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organochlorine chemicals that are toxic to aquatic organisms and humans. PCBs levels were assessed in surface water, sediments and fish from Ologe Lagoon, a major water body receiving treated effluents from Agbara Industrial Estate, using Gas Chromatograph-Electron Capture Detector (GCECD). 2,4,4’-Trichlorobiphenyl (2,4,4’-TCB) was the only PCB congener detected in the assessed matrices. Sediment 2,4,4’-TCB levels ranged from 0.0033±0.00333 to 0.0430 ± 0.00351ng/g. There was a significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variation in the levels in sediments and surface water. The level in surface water from Zone 3 was above USEPA’s safe limit (0.0005 mg/L) in the rainy season. There was no significant (p > 0.05) seasonal difference in the mean concentrations of 2,4,4’-TCB in fish, and the levels were lower than WHO’s safe limit (0.2 mg/kg). Based on the negligible to low levels of 2,4,4’-TCB in S. melanotheron inhabiting the lagoon, the fish was considered safe for consumption. Levels of 2,4,4’- TCB found in the sediments and surface water in this study indicate that levels may change with season, therefore, we recommend that the concentrations of the compound are regularly monitored in order to timely avert toxic levels of bioavailable 2,4,4’-TCB in the water body.Keywords: Polychlorinated biphenyls, Sarotherodon melanotheron, Sediments, Surface water.
A holistic framework for addressing ‘safe’ sexting challenges in Kenya
Authors: Chege Simon Kihiu , Lumala Masibo
Published: July 2020

This paper is based on analysis data arising from a study of sexting perspectives and experiences of college students in Kenya. The study reveals that young people harbour misconceptions about this form of sexual communication, and how to address its associated challenges and negative experiences. The authors use the empirical findings to suggest a framework that identifies seven constructs that critically analyse and describe how agents of socialization processes need to collaboratively work together in order to address the misconceptions, negative perceptions, and behaviors thereof. The proposed framework is conceptualized as a holistic approach with two interacting zones; information and knowledge, and actions, and sustainability. Further, the paper describes the extent to which suggested elements ought to work together to provide the youth with the right information, skills, and competencies required to address issues and challenges associated with sexting. In conclusion, the paper recommends strong guild responsibility and linkages of teachers, parents, and professional associations in the development of educational programmes, policies, and initiatives required to mold youth into responsible people regardless of the new communication technologies.

Keywords: sexting, youth, framework, communication, socialization
Engaging the disengaged: Examining the domestication of mobile telephony among older adults in Trans-Nzoia and Bungoma Counties in Western Kenya
Authors: Komen Leah Jerop
Published: July 2020

The world is growing older. Considering the increasing number of older adults, it is imperative to consider how technology design can meet the needs and wants of these important user groups. Mobile phones offer great potential in improving quality of life for older adults in areas of, healthcare, independent living, communication and reduced isolation. There have been numerous studies on technology design for older adults (Fisk, Rogers, Charness, Czaja, & Sharit, 2004), but much of the work has focused on indoor and stationary applications such as desktop computers (Zajicek & Brewster, 2004). Although older people need support beyond stationary situations inside and outside their homes (Goodman, Brewster, & Gray, 2004), limited number of mobile functions are used by older adults due to high cost associated with mobile phones (Lee: 2007). Conversely, Nimrod (2015), argues older people use mobile phones extensively but little is known about relevant domestication processes involved and the extent to which older adults adopt and use mobile phones. This study interviewed 40 older retired civil servants aged 60 years and above in Western Kenya. Using domestication theory, this study examined the appropriation (Possession and ownership), Objectification (meaning and symbols), incorporation of mobile phones in older people’s everyday life and conversion (unintended uses) process of the domestication of mobile technology by the said group. Findings showed that mobile phones both enhanced closeness with their children and isolated them from them too. Majority felt mobile phones had become their ‘extended family members’ bringing the news of the world to them via mobile phone calls and texts. However, the small font size of texts and the fact that phones were getting smaller in size made it difficult to use. Their favourite mobile phone application was the mobile money locally dubbed Mpesa as they could now receive cash transfers from the government.

Key words: older adults, mpesa, isolation, connection, e-inclusion, domestication, Kenya
Perception of HIV/AIDS infection and its effect on condom use among the youth of Kenya’s Kibera Slum
Authors: Nganda Jeremiah M. , Komen Leah Jerop , Mbogoh Beatrice
Published: July 2020

While studies have shown that the total number of new HIV / AIDS infections globally is on the decrease, many Sub Saharan countries continue to record high HIV prevalence. This is the case especially among the youth living in informal settlements such as Kibera slums in Kenya. Proper and consistent condom use has been presented as one of the best ways of preventing the transmission of HIV among the youth whereas abstinence has been found to be a challenge for the youth who are seen as sexually active. Though several behaviour change campaigns have been done in Kenya to promote the use of condoms among the youth, their uptake is still low (Coma, 2014). Consequently, this study sought to find out the factors were influencing condom use decisions among the youth. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour that links behaviour change to intention to perform behaviour greatly influenced by attitude, social norms and perceived behavioural control. Data for this quantitative study was collected through a questionnaire administered to 400 youths in Kibera and 356 were completed. Data collected were keyed into SPSS for analysis and presented in tables and graphs. Findings of the study revealed that many of the youth were sexually active (51 per cent) but were not using condoms. Their perception was that they were at no risk of infection (53.2 per cent). This perception of not being at risk impedes condom use among the youth hence the high HIV prevalence while another group felt that the free distributed condoms were of low quality. The study recommends that communicators, especially in this era of new media should tailor campaigns to address the perception of youth towards condoms. In addition, condom communication campaigns should link condom use to perception of risk of infection.

Key words: Condoms, HIV/AIDS, youth, perception, Kenya, Kibera
In vitro and in vivo anti-trypanosomal potentials of Afrormosia laxiflora and Khaya senegalensis against Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Authors: Chechet G.D. , Yahaya J , Nok A.J.
Published: July 2020

Animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) also known as Nagana is a resurgent disease in Africa. Medicinal plants are being used in less developed countries for the treatment of various diseases including trypanosomiasis, due to the high cost of currently available drugs. Most of these plants have been useful sources of treatment of various diseases based on information obtained from folk medicine but have not been scientifically certified. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-trypanosomal potentials of the methanol extract of Aformorsia laxiflora and Khaya senegalensis against T. b. brucei. Phytochemical screening as well as LD50 of the plant extracts was carried out following standard procedures. Parasitemia was monitored daily while Packed Cell Volume was determined at three time points (days 1, 4 and 7) during the course of the infection. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, antraquinones, resins and tanins. However, steriods/terpenoids were absent in K. senegalensis but present in A. laxiflora. The toxicity of methanol extract of both A. laxiflora and K. senegalensis was above 5000mg/kg body weight. Methanol extracts of A. laxiflora (leaves) and K. senegalensis (stem bark) showed promising trypanocidal potential in vitro against T. b. brucei at concentrations of 10, 15, 25mg/ml and 40 and 20mg/ml respectively. At these concentrations, both extracts immobilized the parasites within 55mins post-incubation. In general, A. laxiflora leaf extract demonstrated prophylactic activity against T. b. brucei in vivo at a dose of 500mg/Kg body weight particularly in group C animals where a delayed pre-patent period (6 days post-infection), extended survival (14 days post-infection) and significant (P<0.05) reduction in the parasite burden confirmed by an absence of anemia (PCV 47.00±0.8 %) was observed when compared to the infected untreated control group. K. senegalensis extract on the other hand did not show anti-trypanosomal activity in the treated groups (1, 2, and 3). Based on these observations, it was therefore deduced that the methanol extract of leaves of A. laxiflora possessed the ability to ameliorate the burden of the disease and could be a plausible candidate for drug development against the disease.Keywords: Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Afromosia laxiflora, Khaya senegalensis, anti-trypanosomal, in vitro, in vivo
An evaluation of intestinal parasites in edible frogs (Hoplobatracus spp) sold for consumption in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Kia G.S.N. , Tijjani F.Y. , Otolorin R.G.
Published: July 2020

To determine the presence of eggs, oocysts and larvae of intestinal parasites in edible frogs (Hoplobatrachus species) sold for human consumption in Hanwa Zaria, Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) samples of edible frogs (n = 225) were collected from the frog market (FM) at Hanwa, Zaria. The samples were analysed for parasites eggs, oocysts and larvae using zinc sulphate-sucrose floatation method of specific gravity 1.21, sedimentation tests followed by microscopy. Parasitic eggs, larvae, and oocyst were found in 54.7% of the total gastrointestinal tract samples using floatation technique while, eggs were found in 40 (17.8%) of the samples using sedimentation technique. The overall prevalence of the parasitic oocyst, eggs or larva using the simple floatation and sedimentation techniques techniques in the examination of the frog was 63.1% (142/225). The presence of parasites in both the male and female frogs were 92 (75.4%) and 50 (48.5%), respectively, there was statistically significant association between gender and parasite prevalence, P = 0.0001. There was no significant association between original location of frogs and prevalence of parasites, but there was statistically significant association between gender and parasite prevalence, p = 0.525. Coccidia oocysts mean counts were highest (8.11 ± 0.423). People should be educated on how to prevent possible zoonotic transmission to humans during capture, slaughter, processing and/or consumption of raw or improperly cooked frogs.Keywords: Frog, Hoplobatrachus spp, eggs, oocysts, larvae, Zaria
Strength, sustainability and affordability of bamboo and mud bricks as materials used in local construction
Authors: Mbereyaho Leopold , Mutabaruka Jean de Dieu , Gershome Abaho G. , Ineza Armel , Ngirabatware Ezra
Published: July 2020

The construction industry is one of the rapidly growing and the cost analysis suggests that the materials cost is constantly increasing. The continuous extraction of aggregates intensively used in the field is negatively acting to the environment. Therefore research in construction materials should focus not only on discovering new alternative materials but also in appreciating the quality of those locally available for their better application. This research aimed at evaluating the performance of bamboo and mud bricks as two available local building materials, especially with regards not only to their strength but also to new performance concepts which are affordability, energy efficiency and environment friendly aspects. The study comprised mainly of laboratory tests of used materials and cost estimation analysis. Study results established that the considered bamboo and mud bricks, made in ordinary soils and reinforced by sisal fibers were reusable, environment friendly materials and energy efficient, with the bamboo showing the thermal conductivity equal to 0.1496 W/mK. Regarding the compressive strength, reinforced mud bricks with sisal fibers showed an increased value from 1.75 MPA to 4.29MPA, what was in line with related previous studies. The average compressive strength of the studied Arundinaria Alpine bamboo was established at 133,7MPA, while its tensile strength was 88.16MPA and these values were reasonable with comparison to other conventional materials. It is recommended that further research in checking the performance of other types of bamboo as well as about new construction technologies be undertaken in order to enhance the service life of both bamboo and mud bricks.Keywords: Affordability, Bamboo, Conventional concrete, Materials strength, Mud reinforced bricks, Sustainability
Principal components of variables hypothesised to cause project delays and cost overruns in Ghana
Authors: Aboagye Anthony Q.Q.
Published: July 2020

Many construction projects in developing countries suffer delays because timely completion, within budget, and being of desired quality is dependent on many variables, many of which are not properly managed in these environments. Attempts to get a good grip on reduced (or major) variables or factors to pay attention to have been varied and have yielded varied results. This paper argues that approaches to identifying the number of important variables that affect project delays can be improved further. It uses principal components analysis to identify components of 13 variables hypothesized to affect construction delays and quality in Ghana. A questionnaire was administered to industry stakeholders. The principal axis method was used to extract components which were then subjected to oblique rotation. Five components that explained two-thirds of the variance in the original 13 variables were retained. The study finds that the State of Industry, Infrastructure Availability, and Legal Issues, which proxy industrywide state of affairs in delivering projects load onto Component 1. Consultant Related and Labour Related issues, which speak to the state of human capital load onto Component 2. Project Preparation and Construction Methods load onto Component 3. These variables speak to preparations for specific projects and the methods by which they are undertaken. Change in Government Regulation and Force Majeure, which are exogenous to the industry, load onto Component 4. Finally, Construction Material issues and Equipment Related issues load onto Component 5. We see these variables as inputs to projects.Keywords: construction projects, principal components; Ghana; project delays; eigenvalues; cost overruns