bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obtenção, rendimento e caracterização de CMS produzida com resíduos da filetagem de Tilápia do Nilo
Authors: Bernadino Filho Raimundo , Almeida Xavier Layra Catarina
Published: January 2020

As indústrias de processamento de peixes geram grandes quantidades de resíduos, que quando não aproveitados ou descartados de forma adequada representam um potencial perigo para o meio ambiente. A utilização dos resíduos da filetagem de peixes para obtenção de Carne Mecanicamente Separada – CMS pode ser uma alternativa de matéria-prima na elaboração de alimentos. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa a obtenção de CMS de tilápia do Nilo e determinar a sua composição físico-química, cálculo de rendimento e qualidade microbiológica. A matéria-prima utilizada para obtenção foram carcaças de tilápia provenientes do processo de filetagem manual, doadas por uma indústria de beneficiamento de pescado, localizada em Natal/RN. Nas análises microbiológicas determinou-se Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Salmonella sp. e Coliformes a 45°C. Nas características físico-químicas determinou-se a umidade, cinzas, lipídeos e proteínas. O cálculo do rendimento de extração foi realizado em relação ao peso das carcaças limpas e da CMS obtida. Todas as análises microbiológicas e determinações físico-químicas estavam de acordo com a legislação vigente no Brasil. A CMS obtida teve um rendimento satisfatório de 76,25% quando comparado ao rendimento em filé que fica em torno de 32 a 35%. A obtenção de CMS pode ser uma alternativa para agregar valor aos resíduos do processamento da filetagem de tilápia, podendo ser empregada na elaboração de produtos derivados do pescado com características mais saudáveis e nutritivas, além de ser uma opção para incentivar o consumo de peixe pela população e reduzir a contaminação do meio ambiente ao evitar o descarte desses resíduos de forma inadequada.
The effect of Vitamin B6 on chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer
Authors: Mousavi-Hasanzadeh Morteza , Adelnia Arefeh , Farokhmehr Golrokh , Mehrabi Sarvenaz , Zahedi Sima , Eghbali Aygin , Eghbali Aziz.
Published: January 2020

Background: Nausea and vomiting are the common side-effects of chemotherapy in children with malignancy. In this study, the effectiveness of vitamin B6 in reducing the chemo-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in children was tested.
Material and methods: A triple-blind clinical trials was performed on 100 children with malignancy referring to the pediatric clinic of Amir Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran. Besides the infusion of granisetron (3mg/3ml) half an hour before each chemotherapy cycle, an intravenous dose of vitamin B6 (100 mg for children from 2 to 5 years old, 200 mg for children from 5 to 10 years old, and 300 mg for children older than 10) was given 6 hours before the first chemotherapy cycle and placebo was injected (2-5 years old: 100 mg, 5-10 years old: 200 mg, age≥ 10 years old: 300mg) 6 hours before the second cycle. Then the severity of nausea and the frequency of vomiting episodes in each cycle were recorded to be compared.
 Results: The mean age of children was 7.98 ± 3.133 years old. The most common and rare malignancy were acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (46%) and ependymoma (0.5%), respectively. Vincristin was the most commonly used chemotherapy agent (28%). A positive correlation between the severity of nausea(R=0.313, P-value=0.0016) and frequency of vomiting with age was found (R=0.319, P-value=0.0012). However, no noticeable association was observed between N/V and gender (P-value.0.05). There was a considerable correlation between the frequency of vomiting and different tumor types in this study (P-value=0.0006).In comparison with placebo, Vitamin B6 significantly reduced the severity of nausea (P = 0.0001) as well as the frequency of vomiting (P-value = 0.0005). It was also more effective in ALL compared to rhabdomyosarcoma (P-value=0.001).
Conclusion: This study suggested that vitamin B6 can be considered as an appropriate alternative to treat CINV in children with malignancy.
Assessment of procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker of infection in pediatrics with cancer complicated by fever and neutropenia
Authors: Zareifar Soheila , Sanaei Dashti Anahita , Masoomzade Tayebe , Anvarinejad Mojtaba , Zekavat Omid Reza , Bordbar , Mohammad Reza , Cohan Nader , Haghpanah Sezaneh
Published: January 2020

Background: Febrile neutropenia is still one of the most important complications of treatment in cancer patients. These patients become prone to infection and consequently higher mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of serum procalcitonin (PCT) level in the detection of infection in pediatric cancer patients complicated with febrile neutropenia.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all pediatric patients affected by cancer and febrile neutropenia following chemotherapy (n=107) were investigated from August 2014 to August 2015. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum levels of PCT, as well as blood and urine culture, were evaluated in all patients.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 78 ± 55 months (3 - 214 months), and in terms of gender, 53 patients (49.5%) were male. Overall, 25 patients (23.4%) and 13 patients (12%) showed positive blood and urine culture, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was illustrated to determine how much PCT can couldpredict infection.(AUC =0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.87, P<0.001). Considering the cut-off of serum PCT levels as 0.70ng/mL, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive valueof PCT were 0.76, 0.744, 0.475, and 0.91, respectively. In addition, PCT showed significant correlations with CRP (rs=0.415, P<0.001) and ESR (rs =0.262, P=0.009).
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, serum PCT levels can be used as a diagnostic test with acceptable sensitivity and specificity and high negative predictive value, but the low positive predictive value in the evaluation of infections in patients affected by cancer and complicated with fever and neutropenia.
The Effect of 6-Thioguanine on Proliferation, Viability and Expression of the Genes DNMT 3A, DNMT 3B and HDAC3 in Lymphoid Cancer Cell Line Nalm6
Authors: Rostamian Tohid , Pourrajab Fatemeh , Hekmatimoghaddam Seyedhossein
Published: January 2020

Background: 6-thioguanine (6-TG) is one of the thiopurine drugs with successful use in oncology, especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). 6-TG is proposed to act as an epigenetic drug affecting DNA methylation. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of 6-TG on the proliferation, viability and expression of genes coding for the enzymes DNA methyltransferase 3A and DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMTs) as well as histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in the human B cell-ALL cell line Nalm6.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Nalm6 cells and also normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were grown in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. They were then treated with 6-TG at their exponential growth phase. Cell viability was monitored using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader. The expressions of the above-mentioned 3 genes were quantified using real-time PCR.
Results: 6-TG could inhibit the proliferation of Nalm6 cells and decrease their viability. In Nalm6 cells, as compared to normal PBMCs, 6-TG significantly decreased HDAC3 (p = 0.008) as well as DNMT3B (p = 0.003) gene expressions, but increased the expression of DNMT3A gene (p = 0.02) after normalization to GAPDH, as the housekeeping gene.
Conclusion: These findings suggested that the altered expression of DNMT3A, DNMT3B and HDAC3 genes was responsible for at least part of the antitumoral properties of 6-TG, providing an insight into mechanism of its action as an epigenetic drug.
Effect of Estradiol on miR-21& miR-155 Expression in promyelocytic leukemia-derived cell line NB4
Authors: Naghibzadeh Robab , Obeidi Narges , Farsinejd Alireza , Khamisipour Gholamreza , TohidFar Masoud
Published: January 2020

Background: Due to the estrogen participation in modulating the proliferation and commitment of stem cells and the effects of miR-21 and miR-155 expression on reduced proliferation and colony formation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of estradiol on expression of miR-21 and miR-155 in the NB4 cell line, as an acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).
Materials and Methods: In the present experiment, NB4 cells were treated with different quantities of estradiol (5, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250 μg/ml) and vehicle control for 24 and 48 hours. Viability, apoptosis, and cellular proliferation were estimated by trypan blue exclusion, flow cytometry, and MTT assays, respectively. The level of miR-155 and miR-21 expression was studied using absolute quantitative real-time PCR.
Results: Results showed that estradiol in the effective dose (200 μg/ml) led to decreased cellular viability (in a dose dependent manner, P = 0.004) and apoptosis of NB4 cells. In addition, the expressions of miR-155 and miR-21 were significantly and dose-dependently decreased (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Estradiol at the effective dose caused apoptosis in NB4 cell line. This substance can be used as a drug for the treatment of APL. However, further assessments are needed to support the effectiveness of estradiol in the treatment of APL.
KRITIK ILMU-ILMU KEISLAMAN: KONTRIBUSI JARINGAN ISLAM LIBERAL
Authors: MUKHLIS FEBRI HIJROH
Published: January 2020

The Liberal Islam Network is a social-intellectual movement and policy reform group for Islamic sciences. A party that brings the discourse of emancipation and freedom of thought with concepts of pluralism, democracy, and secularism to give birth to ideas about inclusive Islam, progressive Islam, and humanist Islam. By reinterpreting the practices of the Islamic sciences, such as the study of the Qu'ran, the Kalam, the Fiqh, the Sufism, and the Philosophy, it has received much criticism as well as support for contributing to the Islamic sciences. Liberal Islamic networks want a religious definition that is humanistic, broad-based monotheism, not authoritarian, and they tend to be more transparent, inclusive and egalitarian, not simply dishonest or disbelieving to other communities. This paper will focus on two studies, first, about the movement of the Liberal Islamic Network methodology. ; Secondly, explore the contribution of the Liberal Islamic Network to the renewal of the tradition of Islamic sciences. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis with an intellectual history approach. The paper is then discussed using the theory of social movements and the scientific revolution of Thomas Kuhn. Nowadays, the Liberal Islamic Network has contributed to the development of Islamic thought, especially in the renewal of Islamic sciences.
Aflatoxins: Production, Structure, Health Issues and Incidence in Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Benkerroum Noreddine
Published: January 2020

This review aimed to update the main aspects of aflatoxin production, occurrence and incidence in selected countries, and associated aflatoxicosis outbreaks. Means to reduce aflatoxin incidence in crops were also presented with an emphasis on the environment-friendly technology using atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus. Aflatoxins are unavoidable widespread natural contaminants of foods and feeds with serious impact on health, agricultural and livestock productivity, and food safety. They are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species distributed on three main sections of the genus (section Flavi, section Ochraceorosei, and section Nidulantes). Poor economic status of a country exacerbates the risk and the extent of crop contamination due to faulty storage conditions that are usually suitable for mold growth and mycotoxin production: temperature of 22 to 29°C and water activity of 0.90 to 0.99. This situation paralleled the prevalence of high liver cancer and the occasional acute aflatoxicosis episodes that have been associated with these regions. Risk assessment studies revealed that Southeast Asian and Sub-Saharan African countries remain at high risk and that, apart from the regulatory standards revision to be more restrictive, other actions to prevent or decontaminate crops are to be taken for adequate public health protection. Indeed, a review of publications on the incidence of aflatoxins in selected foods and feeds from countries whose crops are classically known for their highest contamination with aflatoxins, reveals that despite the intensive efforts made to reduce such an incidence, there has been no clear tendency, with the possible exception of South Africa, towards sustained improvements. Nonetheless, a global risk assessment of the new situation regarding crop contamination with aflatoxins by international organizations with the required expertise is suggested to appraise where we stand presently.
Self-Propulsion Promotes Polymerization
Authors: Aldana Maximino , Fuentes-Cabrera Miguel , Zumaya Martín
Published: January 2020

Self-assembly is a spontaneous process through which macroscopic structures are formed from basic microscopic constituents (e.g. molecules or colloids). By contrast, the formation of large biological molecules inside the cell (such as proteins or nucleic acids) is a process more akin to self-organization than to self-assembly, as it requires a constant supply of external energy. Recent studies have tried to merge self-assembly with self-organization by analyzing the assembly of self-propelled (or active) colloid-like particles whose motion is driven by a permanent source of energy. Here we present evidence that points to the fact that self-propulsion considerably enhances the assembly of polymers: self-propelled molecules are found to assemble into polymer-like structures, the average length of which increases towards a maximum as the self-propulsion force increases. Beyond this maximum, the average polymer length decreases due to the competition between bonding energy and disruptive forces that result from collisions. The assembly of active molecules might have promoted the formation of large pre-biotic polymers that could be the precursors of the informational polymers we observe nowadays.
Effect of Domestic and Global Environmental Events on Environmental Concern and Environmental Responsibility among University Students
Authors: Janmaimool Piyapong , Chudech Surapong
Published: January 2020

Recently, both global and domestic environmental events have been occurring more frequently, bringing catastrophic consequences to humans and the environment. These adverse events have caused widespread concern among the general public. In positive terms, these devastating events could potentially enhance people’s environmental awareness, which, in turn, could instill a greater sense of environmental responsibility. This study aims to investigate how university students concern themselves with global and domestic catastrophic environmental events and to examine how global and domestic environmental concerns mediate the effect of environmental knowledge and attitudes on university students’ environmental responsibility. Students of King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi in Bangkok, Thailand were selected as the participants. A simple random technique was applied to select the research participants. Questionnaire surveys with 863 students were carried out during September–October 2019. A path analysis was performed to test how global and local environmental concerns mediate the effect of environmental knowledge and attitudes on university students’ environmental responsibility. The results demonstrated that domestic environmental concerns, taken alone, contributed less to the students’ sense of environmental responsibility. Domestic environmental concerns had a stronger effect on environmental responsibility when taken together with global environmental concerns. In addition, both domestic and global environmental concerns could help transform environmental knowledge and attitudes into environmental responsibility. Only environmental attitudes had no direct effect on responsibility. These results show that domestic and global catastrophic environmental events could raise students’ levels of concern for the environment, and, ultimately, enhance their sense of responsibility to protect the environment.
Diethyl Carbonate Synthesis from CO2, Ethanol and Propylene Oxide in the presence of Dehydrating Agent of Ethylene over the novel catalysts of Supported Ni-Cu@Na3PW12O40 and Mixed Ni-Cu@Na3PW12O40
Authors: Zhang Meng
Published: January 2020

Excessive CO2 emissions and alternative energy fuels are two major difficult issues. The utilization of CO2 into fine chemicals is an optimal route. Diethyl carbonate (DEC) is an extremely versatile chemical intermediate. DEC is used in gasoline, pharmaceutical, chemical and other fields. DEC synthesis from CO2 and ethanol is a typical green synthetic route. Ni-Cu@Na3PW12O40 catalysts were synthesized by two novel methods of supported and mixed. The catalyst prepared by mixed method showed nice catalytic performance. It was confirmed that water removal was the key to improving conversion efficiency. In the presence of dehydrating agent of ethylene, ethanol conversion increased from ca. 3% to ca. 40%. Propylene oxide (PO) was participated in the reaction and ethanol conversion continued to reach to ca.90% while DEC selectivity dropped by half. Under optimal conditions, our Ni-Cu@Na3PW12O40 catalyst effectively solved the two major issues above.
Tree Canopy and Black Plastic Cover on Flowering, Growth, and Yield of Some Peas
Authors: Lestari Novika Ayu , Supriyono Supriyono , Triharyanto Eddy , Nyoto Sri
Published: January 2020

Field bean (Dolichos lablab), adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) are a group of peas or legumes which used as an alternative food beside groundnut, soybean or mung bean. The day length or planting season is one factor that affects plants to flower. Long day or bean offseason can inhibit plants to flower, especially for short-day plants. covering the plant from sunlight may trigger a quick flowering of plants. The purpose of this research was to find out how to prompt plants to flower, growth, and yield during the off-season period in a very short time. This research was conducted by using a Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors. The first factor was shortening the day length (control, black plastic cover for 2 hours day-1, plant under trees canopy covered) and the second factor was some kind of peas (field bean, adzuki bean, pigeon pea, and winged bean). Black plastic cover was used 2 hours a day-1 during 30 days after 14 days of plantation. The research was replicated 3 times. The results showed that field bean combinations with control and plastic closure gave a higher number of pods. For all field bean treatments, plastic-closure on pigeon pea and also winged bean provided higher straw fresh weight than control and plastic closure on adzuki bean and winged bean under the tree. Covering plants using plastic for 2 hours day-1 tends to increase e the total flowering number and seed yield at each plant. The growth component showed that field bean was higher than adzuki bean, winged bean, and pigeon pea. The effort to shorten a long day plantation had no significant effect on many variables due to climate anomaly in the 2017 rain show on start to finish this year. However, pigeon pea did not have flowers when planted on a long day or offseason period.
Bioremediation Using Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Reduce Chromium in Electroplating Liquid Waste
Authors: Mardiyono Mardiyono , Sajidan Sajidan , Masykuri Mohammad , Setyono Prabang
Published: January 2020

The electroplating industry produces liquid waste containing a small number of heavy metals but is toxic. Wastewater containing chromium (Cr) absorbed into the soil will affect soil fertility. Waste management is needed so that the abiotic and biotic environment is not poisoned by Cr. Bioremediation using bacterial and fungal microbes are applicable to reduce Cr levels in electroplating liquid waste. The purpose of this research was to investigate the reduction level of Cr in electroplating liquid waste through bioremediation using Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Laboratory experiments were conducted using variations in microbial concentrations (102.5 cells ml-1 and 105 cells ml-1), variations in microbial types (Bacillus subtilis bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi, and mixtures of both microbes), and variations in incubation time (6, 12, and 24 hours). The initial Cr concentration and the results of the bioremediation process were determined by measuring the absorbance and the Cr levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Based on experiments, the use of Bacillus subtilis 102.5 cells ml-1 with a 24-hour incubation time reach the highest percentage reduction in Cr (88.96%), followed by 12-hours incubation time (84.73%), and 6-hours incubation time (79.21%). Furthermore, the use of a microbial mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 102.5 cells ml-1 with 6-hours, 12-hours and 24-hours incubation time was able to reduce the levels of Cr respectively by 77.46%; 80.18% and 83.04%. Next, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 105 cells ml-1 with 6-hours, 12-hours, and 24-hours incubation time was able to reduce levels of Cr in a row by 50.17%; 52.35% and 55.63%. The results of this study indicate that the bioremediation process using the microbial Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is proven to reduce the levels of Cr in the electroplating industry wastewater. The highest reduction results were achieved on the use of 24-hour incubation time and the use of Bacillus subtilis with a concentration of 102.5 cells ml-1 at 88.96%.
Potential Use of Alkaline-Activated Indonesian Pumice Powder as Lead Adsorbent in Solution System
Authors: Hasanah Faridlotul , Anwar Syaiful , Hartono Arief , Sudadi Untung
Published: January 2020

Pumice is a volcanic material that found abundant in Indonesia. Owing to its physicochemical characteristics it can be utilized as a low-cost natural adsorbent for cationic contaminants. This study aimed to assess the performances of adsorbents prepared from NaOH-activated powder of Lombok and Kediri pumices for lead removal in solution systems based on their maximum adsorption capacity and removal efficiency parameters. The adsorption tests were done in batch experimentation using pumice powder of 74 μm particle size activated with 0.5, 1, and 2 M NaOH and lead solutions with initial concentrations of 0-260 mg.L-1. The most favorable NaOH activation concentration for both pumices was 0.5 M which resulted from Lombok pumice prepared-adsorbent with Pb maximum adsorption capacity based on linearized conventional and rearranged Langmuir isothermal adsorption models of 236.4 and 186.3 mg.g-1, while those of Kediri pumice were of 218.4 and 210.8 mg.g-1, respectively. The removal efficiency of both adsorbents were >80% at the initial Pb concentration of <100 mg.L-1 and around 50-80% at 100-260 mg.L-1. Both pumices are therefore considered potential to be utilized as an adsorbent for cationic contaminants in solution systems with reliable performances.
Pengembangan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Mahasiswa Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Pada Pembuatan Model Molekul dari Limbah Anorganik
Authors: Apipah Siti Nurlelah , Farida Ida , Sari
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan aktivitas mahasiswa, dan menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa melalui lembar kerja berbasis proyek pada pembuatan model molekul dari limbah. Metode yang digunakan adalah one-shot case study dengan subyek mahasiswa semester VI Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung yang berjumlah 26 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  aktivitas mahasiswa mencapai kategori sangat baik dengan persentase rata-rata 100%; tahap mengidentifikasi masalah, membuat desain, melaksanakan penelitian, dan menyusun draf/prototype mencapai kategori sangat baik dengan persentase 87%; tahap mengukur, menilai dan memperbaiki produk mencapai kategori cukup dengan persentase 83%. tahap finalisasi dan publikasi produk mencapai kategori baik dengan persentase 89%; Kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan lembar kerja berbasis proyek mencapai nilai rata-rata 85 yang berada dalam level 4 termasuk kedalam kategori sangat kreatif.

Kata kunci

Model molekul, limbah, berpikir kreatif, lembar kerja berbasis proyek
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Kimia Berbasis Permasalahan Lingkungan dengan Pendekatan Problem Based Learning pad Materi Kelarutan dan Hasil Kali Kelarutan
Authors: Rahmawati Dian , Purwanto Agung , Rahman Arif
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran kimia berupa modul pembelajaran berbasis permasalahan lingkungan dengan pendekatan problem-based learning pada materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan yang layak guna. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Ada 4 tahapan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini, yaitu analisis pendahuluan, perencanaan dan pengembangan produk, uji validasi produk oleh ahli, serta uji coba produk pada peserta didik dan guru. Modul pembelajaran disusun dengan menerapkan pendekatan problem-based learning. Penyajian masalah dan kegiatan belajar dirancang secara sistematis dengan tampilan yang menarik untuk meningkatkan minat peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil validasi ahli materi, ahli bahasa dan ahli media masing-masing menunjukan hasil sangat baik dengan persentase penilaian 93,98%, 86,03% dan 88,39%. Hasil uji coba modul oleh peserta didik mendapatkan penilaian kelayakan sangat baik dengan persentasi 78,89% dan hasi uji coba guru juga mendapatkan penialaian sangat baik dengan persentase 96,83%. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul pembelajaran kimia berbasis permasalahan lingkungan dengan pendekatan problem-based learning pada materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan yang dikembangkan sangat baik dan sudah layak untuk digunakan dalam poses pembelajaran kimia di sekolah.

Kata kunci: Modul Pembelajaran, Pendekatan Problem Based Learning, Pembelajaran Kimia Berbasis Lingkungan, Kelarutan dan Hasil Kali Kelarutan
La promoción social de los titulados universitarios en la corte de los Reyes Católicos: el caso del doctor Angulo
Authors: Martín Barba José Julio
Published: January 2020

Martín Fernández de Angulo –el doctor Angulo–, fue uno de los más íntimos colaboradores de los Reyes Católicos, que protagonizó un vertiginoso encumbramiento político y eclesiástico. Nos proponemos con el presente trabajo ofrecer una semblanza de sus primeros años, desde sus orígenes en Córdoba hasta su entrada en el círculo cortesano, analizando los elementos que le facilitaron la promoción.
Husbands’ experience and perception of supporting their wives during childbirth in Tanzania
Authors: Kashaija Denis Kampayana , Mselle Lilian Teddy , Mkoka Dickson Ally
Published: January 2020

Background : In order improve the quality of birth care and women satisfaction with birthing process it is recommended that every woman should be offered the option to experience labour and childbirth with a companion of her choice. Involving husbands as decision makers in the household may a play role in reducing maternal mortality which is unacceptably high despite the targeted goal to reduce these mortality as targeted in the MDGs by 2015. This is still addressed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 2015/30. This study aimed to explore the experiences and perceptions of husbands’ support of their wives during pregnancy, labour and deliveries in Tanzania.
Methods: Qualitative descriptive study design was employed; involving men aged between 24 and 63 years. Participants were selected purposefully at the clinic and in labour ward of SekouToure Regional Referral Hospital (SRRH). The in-depth interview, guided by semi structured interview guide was used to collect the audio recorded and hand written information. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis
Results; Nine (9) semi-structured interviews were conducted with husbands of women attended for antenatal care and those came for deliveries. Four themes emerged; Demonstrating care, love and affection, adopting modern life style, observing women’s right and meeting social economic difficulties. Husbands’ support to their partners is a good behaviour practiced during matrimonial lives. Husbands who support their partners during pregnancy and delivery consider themselves as being modern men as they at home take duties beside their usual tasks to let their wives have adequate time to rest during pregnancy. Poor road infrastructure makes difficult to get transport to the healthcare facility especially when labour is imminent. Also ward infrastructure is not supportive to accommodate husbands when they accompany their wives to the healthcare facility.
Conclusion s; The healthcare settings in low income countries need to accommodate men during the routine antenatal and intranatal care for the positive outcome of labour and delivery. Exploratory research should be conducted to understand how education and urbanisation affects men involvement in maternal and child health specifically in the low income countries.
Relationship between bodyweight and spinopelvic alignment in Chinese adult people: A pilot study
Authors: Zhang QingXi , Gao FuQiang , Wang YunTing , Li ZiRong , Koji Ozaki , Sun Wei
Published: January 2020

Background: With the increase of people in obesity, which may affect the alignment of spinopelvic, we designed this study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between spinal alignment and the bodyweight parameters in healthy Chinese adult volunteers. That has not been systematically studied yet.
Methods: This pilot study included 100 Chinese healthy adult volunteers (36 males and 64 females) who were grouped according to gender. The obesity parameters measured were body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) , sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), transverse abdominal diameter (TAD) and RR (the ratio of SAD to TAD). The sagittal spinopelvic parameters included Anchorpelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic angulation (PA), sacral slope (SS), sacral inclination (SI), lumbar lordosis (LL) and the disc angle of L5/S1. The coronal spinopelvic parameters included the Cobb angel of the major curve of the spine, lumbar scoliosis (LS) and pelvic obliquity (PO). Pearson’s correlation analysis was used.
Results: The mean BMI of the males and females was 28.7 ± 3.7 kg/m2 and 26.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2 respectively; mean WC, 88.39 ± 9 cm and 82.6 ± 2.7 cm respectively. In the females, strong correlation was found between BMI and PI, WC and PT, and WC and PI. In the males, no strong correlation was found between the obesity and spinopelvic alignment parameters. RR showed a positive linear correlation with PA and PT in both groups. None of the coronal spinopelvic parameters showed a correlation with the obesity parameters in either group.
Conclusions: BMI and WC had a strong influence on some spinopelvic parameters, especially in females. In individuals with abdominal obesity, the sagittal spinopelvic alignment is likely to change, but there is little effect on the coronal spinopelvic alignment.
Central line bundle including split-septum device and single-use prefilled flushing syringes for prevention of port associated bloodstream infections:A cost and resource utilization analysis
Authors: Devrim Ilker , Ozkul Mustafa T , Çağlar İlknur , Oruç Yeliz , Demiray Nevbahar , Tahta Neryal , Vergin Canan
Published: January 2020

Background: Central line bundle programs were found to be effective in decreasing central line-associated bloodstream infection rates in pediatric cancer patients with ports. However, cost-effectiveness studies of central line bundle programs in pediatric cancer patients are limited, and most available data are from intensive care unit or adult studies. Methods: In this six years cross-sectional study, comprehensive assessment of total health care costs attributable to CLABSI's associated with ports between two periods. Results: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the pediatric hematology-oncology ward of Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital from 1 August November 2011 to 31 July 2017. The CLABSI rates decreased significantly from 8.31 CLABSIs to 3.04 per 1000 central line days (p<0.001). In the prebundle period, total attributable costs spent for of patients with CLABSI were $130661, and in the bundle period, total attributable costs spent for patients with CLABSI were $116579. Within bundle implantation, 71 potential CLABSI were prevented, which saved an additional $208977. Conclusion: Our study shows that central line bundles decreases not only the CLABSI rate but also decreases attributable costs due to CLABSI. Expenses spent for bundle elements, were covered by savings by preventing CLABSI with higher costs
Analytical Strategies for Failure Time Data with a Cured Fraction
Authors: An Sheng-li , Huang Fuqiang , Kang Pei , Liu Yingxin , Huang Fu-qiang , Liu Ying-xin
Published: January 2020

Background: Some failure time data comes from a population that consists of some subjects that are susceptible to and others that are non-susceptible to the event of interest. The data typically have heavy censoring at the end of the follow-up period, and a traditional survival analysis would not always be appropriate. Yet it is commonly seen in literatures.
Methods: We carry out simulation studies to compare the performances of Cox’s PH model with proportional hazards mixture cure (PHMC) model and accelerated failure model (AFT model) with AFT mixture cure (AFTMC) model respectively. Then we apply the models to the datasets of Lung Cancer and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) phase III clinical trial E1684.
Results: When the cured rate is 0, the estimated bias, confidence interval capture rate, and K index of PHMC and AFTMC model are close to Cox’s PH and AFT model respectively. The MSE of PHMC model is slightly larger than Cox’s PH model and of AFTMC model are similar to AFT model. When survival data has a substantial proportion of subjects being cured, the absolute value of Bias and MSE in PHMC and AFTMC model are always smaller than Cox’s PH and AFT model respectively. The confidence interval capture rate of PHMC and AFTMC model are always closer to the acceptable range than Cox’s PH and AFT model. The K index of PHMC and AFTMC model are always greater than Cox’s PH and AFT model.
Conclusions: The PHMC and AFTMC model do not have obvious advantages for time-to-event data without a cured fraction. In this case, it is recommended to utilize Cox’s PH or AFT model for analysis. If some subjects are non-susceptible to the event of interest in the data, it is recommended to utilize PHMC or AFTMC model for analysis, however, which may need a sufficient sample size.
Keywords: Cox’s PH model, PHMC model, AFT model, AFTMC model, cure model
Referrals to a pediatric emergency room of a tertiary care teaching hospital before and after introduction of a referral education module- a qualitative study 
Authors: Ezhumalai Gopalakrishnan , Muralidharan Jayashree , Bansal Arun , Nallasamy Karthi , Bharti Bhavneet
Published: January 2020

Background: Provision of timely care to critically ill children is essential for good outcome. With development of specialized pediatric critical care units, referral from community and smaller peripheral hospitals has received greater impetus. Our tertiary care hospital caters to referrals from a wide geographical area. Since there is no standard referral and feedback system in India, we decided to evaluate the quality of referrals coming to our Emergency Room (ER) with respect to their demography, association with severity of illness and mortality. We plan to use this data to establish a standard referral and feedback process to streamline our ER referrals. Methods: Our study was completed in three phases in Pediatric ER;Pre-intervention, Intervention and Post intervention phases. Quality of referrals was graded by granting one score to presence of each item when matched with a quality checklist performa. A referral was graded ‘good’, ‘fair’ and ‘poor’ if it scored >7, 5 –7 and < 5 points respectively. Case studies, expert opinions, and lacunae observed in first phase were taken into consideration while preparing the referral education module, that was administered to health care providers of referring hospitals. Quality of referrals was compared between pre and post intervention phases. Results: Majority of inpatient admissions were ‘referred’ patients (99.3%). Most referrals belonged to the neighboring states of Punjab (48.2%) and Haryana (22.4%). Major referrals were from public sector hospitals (80.9%) of which the teaching hospitals topped the list (53.6%). Most common mode of transport was government run ambulance services(85.5%) and the common reason for referral was need for PICU bed and/or mechanical ventilation (50.4%). The post intervention phase saw a significant decline in the proportion of poor referrals (93.2 vs.78.2%;p=0.001) and a significant increase in the proportion of fair(6.1 vs 18%; p=0.001)and good referrals (0.7 vs 18%;p=0.001) Proportion of children presenting to triage with physiological decompensation with respect to poor referrals had significantly decreased in post intervention phase [580(79.8%) vs 1025(93.7%); p=0.0001]. Conclusion:Referral education had significantly improved the quality of referrals coming to our ER. Continuing education will be required for sustained and increased benefits. Key words: Quality of referral, Pediatric emergency, Triage
Pathogenic study on catechol-O-methyltransferase gene and catecholaminergic neurotransmitters with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese children
Authors: Zhonggui Xiong , Jiong Yan , Shuhua Shi
Published: January 2020

Background: This study analyzed a correlation between the Val158Met polymorphisms of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and catecholaminergic neurotransmitters in ADHD children. Methods: All subjects were genotyped for the Val158Met polymorphisms of COMT gene and determined in the difference of dopamine and noradrenalin by a 1:1 paired case-control study. Results: The frequencies of A/A, G/A and G/G were 51.67%, 41.11% and 7.22% in the case group, 62.22%, 31.11% and 6.67% in the control group. There was a significant difference in the distribution of all genotypes of COMT gene between the two groups (OR=1.85, χ2=7.80, P<0.05). The serum concentrations of dopamine and noradrenalin were 1.42±0.34 ng/ml and 177.70±37.92 pg/ml in the case group, 1.94±0.42 ng/ml and 206.20±42.45 pg/ml in the control group. There were the significant differences in the levels of dopamine and noradrenalin between the two groups (dopamine: t=4.30, P<0.01. noradrenalin: t=2.24, P<0.05). Conclusions: Our study suggested that there was the positive association between the Val158Met polymorphisms of COMT gene and catecholaminergic neurotransmitters in ADHD children.
Household pesticide exposure and depression syndromes: evidence from NHANES, 2005-2014
Authors: Chen Haiyan , Hao Guang
Published: January 2020

Background The effect of household pesticide exposure on depression symptoms in general population is underexplored, and the role of exercise in the association between pesticide exposure and depression symptoms is unclear. The goals of this study are to examine whether the association of household pesticide exposure and depression symptoms exist in general population, and, if so, whether exercise can attenuate the effect of household pesticide on depression symptoms.Methods We used data from the 2005-2014 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys), including a total of 14 708 US adult participants ≥ 20 years old. Depression symptoms was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).Results The prevalence of depression symptoms was significantly higher in participants who exposed to household pesticide compared to those not (28.9% vs. 21.1%, P <0.001). Household pesticide exposure was significantly associated with risk of depression symptoms. A significant interaction between exercise and pesticide exposure on depression symptoms was observed ( P =0.038). The prevalence of depression symptoms was significantly higher in pesticide exposure group compared to the control group (35.0% vs. 24.9%, P <0.001) in the population with light physical activity. However, we did not find a significant association in the group with moderate + vigorous physical activity.Conclusion This study further confirmed that household pesticide exposure is associated with a high risk of depression symptoms in the general population. More importantly, we for the first time reported that exercise tends to attenuate the effect of household pesticide exposure on depression symptoms.
Gender differences in the association between body mass index and self-rated health among patients with hypertension: evidence from Rizhao City, China
Authors: Feng Zhiqiang , Zhou Longde , Zhao Zixuan , Tang Changhai , Chen Xingmin , Chen Zhongming , Dai Mengna , Yin Wenqiang
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study is designed to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and self-related health (SRH), and to explore gender differences in BMI-SRH association among hypertensive patients further.

Methods: The status of SRH in 1219 hypertensive patients over 18 years old was analyzed by the multi-item self-rated health measurement scale (SRHMS). Chi-square test and t-test were used to analyze BMI and SRHMS status of hypertensive patients, the logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between BMI and SRHMS of male and female separately after controlling for potential confounders, and to assess gender differences on the relationship between BMI and SRHMS.

Results: The prevalence of underweight in hypertensive patients was 1.6%, normal weight was 33.0%, overweight was 45.9%, and obese was 19.5%. And the SRHMS of very good, good, fair, bad, and very bad were 20.2, 15.4, 29.1, 12.5, and 22.8%, respectively. After controlling potential confounders, we found that underweight, overweight and obese had a negative impact on female's SRHMS. Underweight had a negative impact on male, but obesity had a positive impact on male's SRHMS. Besides, this study did not find that overweight had a statistically significant effect on male SRHMS.

Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, we found a gender differences on association between BMI and SRHMS among hypertensive patients. Overweight and obesity had a negative impact on female's SRHMS after adjusting for other influential factors, but not for male. Gender differences should be considered when developing weight and hypertension management programs, especially in women.
Saturation of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps haplotypes in general population increasingly threatens the benefits of using sulfadoxine‑pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnant women in Tanzania
Authors: Bwire George , Mikomangwa Wigilya P. , Kilonzi Manase
Published: January 2020

Background : High levels of Plasmodium falciparum resistance prompted withdrawal of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Tanzania. However, SP was limited for intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) especially where there is moderate to high malaria transmission. This study reports the patterns of P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase ( Pfdhfr ) and dihydropteroate synthetase ( Pfdhps ) mutations. Methods: Parasite genomic DNA was extracted from dried blood spots prepared by finger prick. Batched samples (384) were sequenced in a single MiSeq lane combining all PCR products. Samples were de-plexed using the multiplexing adapters and individual CRAM files were aligned to a modified amplicon reference genome. Genotyping of Pfdhfr and Pfdhps mutations were done using bcftools as well as custom scripts to filter and translate genotypes into drug resistance haplotypes. Results: The Pfdhfr was analyzed from 445 samples, the wild type (WT) Pfdhfr haplotype NCSI was detected in only six (1.3%) samples. Triple Pfdhfr IRN I haplotype was dominant, contributing to 84% (n=374) of haplotypes. The total of 446 samples were studied for Pfdhps . WT for Pfdhps was found in 6.7% (n=30) of all samples detected. Double Pfdhps haplotype (S GE AA) accounted for 83% of mutations of the Pfdhps gene. The overall prevalence of K540E was 90.4% (n=396) while A581G was 1.1% (n=5). Additionally, 91.4% (n=447) genotypes where detected from 489 sequenced samples. Of 447 genotypes detected only 0.9% (n=4) of samples were WT (SAKAA-NCSI). Quintuple mutation, S GE AA- IRN I accounted 71.4% of concomitant Pfdhfr/Pfdhps mutations where 0.2% (n=1) had septuple mutation, AG K GS - IRN I. Conclusions : Despite the high prevalence of mutations in Pfdhfr and Pfdhps gene but the current mutations at Pfdhfr K540E and Pfdhps A581G are within the recommended WHO range, stopping IPTp-SP is recommended in areas where the Pfdhfr K540E prevalence is >95 % and Pfdhps A581G is >10 % as SP is likely to be ineffective). Nevertheless, saturation in Pfdhfr and Pfdhps haplotypes is alarming, therefore screening for alternative antimalarial drug for IPTp-SP is recommended.
Inequity under Equality: Research on the Benefits Equity of Chinese Basic Medical Insurance
Authors: Diao Li , Liu Yiwei
Published: January 2020

Background: Insisting on equity is one of the basic principles behind deepening health care reform. China's new rural cooperative medical insurance (NRCMI) and urban residents' basic medical insurance (URBMI) are both “equalized” in fundraising and reimbursement. This paper studies the benefits of equity under such "equalized" system designation. Methods: The data analysed in this paper are from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2016, implemented by the Institute of Social Science Survey at Peking University. A two-part model and a binary choice model are used in the empirical test. Results: An empirical test found that high-income people benefit more from basic medical insurance than low-income people. Mechanism analysis found that high-income people have higher medical insurance applicability and can utilize better health care. Since low-income people are unhealthier, an inequity in benefits will exacerbate health inequity. We also found that the benefits equity of URBMI is better than that of NRCMI. Conclusions: The government needs to pay more attention to the issue of medical insurance inequity. We can consider allowing for different income groups to pay different premiums according to their medical expenses or allowing for different income groups to apply different reimbursement policies.