bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shame and Care: Masculinities in the Goroka Marketplace
Authors: Barnett‐Naghshineh Olivia
Published: July 2019

For those women living in villages within accessible range of Goroka town, it is the norm to sell fresh produce in the Goroka market. Fresh produce trading, ormaketin Tok Pisin, is common for women throughout the country. To see men selling food in the Goroka market is significantly less common, and those who do, usually sell foods brought from outside of Goroka. The gender divisions that exist in and around the marketplace today in Goroka are maintained through discourses of emotions and practice, specifically the notion ofsem(Tok Pisin: shame, embarrassment). As part of a 12‐month ethnographic research project on gender relations in and around the Goroka market, I spoke with market vendors, amongst others living in and around Goroka, about why men do not market. I also interviewed some of the few men who do sell fresh produce in the market. Based on these men's explanations and those of others with whom I spoke, I suggest that these sellers exhibit aspects of masculinity that are caring for their families, putting shame second, and justifying this by their aspirations to transform their and their loved ones’ lives through education and business. These men demonstrate an emergent form of masculinity that both includes and contests aspects of hegemonic masculinity in the Highlands. Whilst selling fresh produce in the marketplace is deemed embarrassing and shameful for the majority of men, those who sell regardless justify doing so by pointing to the importance of providing for their families and loved ones.
After the storm comes the sun: A rhetorical analysis of Melbourne Storm's advertising campaigns after the 2010 salary cap scandal
Authors: Nairn Angelique , Nelson Frances , Johnson Rosser
Published: July 2019

One of the most common motifs surrounding sports, sports teams, and sports stars is “the scandal.” One typifying feature of mediated scandals is the ease with which they can be presented as, or massaged into, an unfolding narrative. Although some research has been conducted into the initial stages of these narratives, there is significantly less that focusses on the ways in which the “transgressor” can be rehabilitated in a separate but linked part of that overarching story. This article addresses that gap by analysing two television commercials that significantly assisted the Melbourne Storm rugby league franchise in encouraging and maintaining identification and, coterminously, overcoming disidentification with its membership. Furthermore, we contend that the Melbourne Storm purposively used rhetorical strategies to emphasise the socially desirable aspects of its identity to repair damage done to its organisational image. Using rhetorical analysis, the article explicates the various techniques through which this was accomplished.
Are home sleep studies useful in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea in children with down syndrome?
Authors: Ikizoglu Nilay Bas , Kiyan Esen , Polat Beldan , Ay Pinar , Karadag Bulent , Ersu Refika
Published: July 2019

Introduction and Aim

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is frequent in children with Down syndrome (DS) and polysomnography (PSG) is recommended for all children with DS. However PSG is not always available and alternative diagnostic methods are needed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and validity of home polygraphy (HPG) in children with DS.

Methods

A national DS association was contacted and children aged 6 to 18 years who accepted to participate were recruited. Otorhinolaryngologic evaluation, in‐lab PSG and HPG were performed. OSAS was diagnosed by PSG with an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) more than or equal to  1. OSAS severity was classified as moderate‐to‐severe if AHI was more than or equal to  5. Receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated for HPG using PSG as the gold standard.

Results

Nineteen children (12 girls) completed the study. Median age was 11.3 years. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in children with and without OSAS. Eighty‐nine percent of HPG studies were technically acceptable at the initial night and the success rate was 100% when two failed studies were repeated. PSG revealed OSAS in six (32%) children, two had mild and four had moderate‐to‐severe OSAS. All four patients with moderate‐to‐severe OSAS diagnosed with PSG have been diagnosed with the same severity on HPG. HPG had 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity when AHI ≥  3 was set as diagnostic criteria.

Conclusion

HPG is a feasible and reliable test of OSAS in children with DS and may be useful in diagnosis and treatment of patients with moderate‐to‐severe OSAS in this patient group.
Hypopharyngeal oxygen concentration and pressures delivered by low flow nasal cannula in preterm infants: Relationship with flow, gas mixture, and infant's weight
Authors: González Alvaro J. , Quinteros Alvaro , Luco Matías , Salinas Jose A. , Martínez Alejandra , Tapia Jose L.
Published: July 2019

Background

Low flow nasal cannula (LFNC) are frequently used in preterm infants. However, the delivered inspired oxygen concentration and airway pressures are not well established.

Objective

To determine the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and hypopharyngeal pressures generated by LFNC at different gas flows, gas mixture concentrations and infant's weight.

Design/Methods

Serial samples of hypopharyngeal gas were obtained in 33 very low birth weight infants who were receiving oxygen with LFNC. Measurements were obtained with different gas flows and oxygen concentrations. FiO2 was measured using an electrochemical cell analyzer and hypopharyngeal pressures with a pressure transducer.

Results

33 infants with a mean BW of 910 ± 284 g and 27 ± 1.7 weeks gestational age were studied at 36 ± 22 days after birth. FiO2 increased proportionally to gas flow, but with large variability: median (range) FiO
2 were 0.33 (0.23‐0.54), 0.44 (0.29‐0.67), 0.57 (0.33‐0.81), and 0.69 (0.51‐0.92) at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 L/minute, respectively. Significantly higher mean FiO
2 were observed despite low flows in infants ≤ 1000 g compared to those > 1000 g (0.5 ± 0.1 vs 0.4 ± 0.07 at 0.3 L/minute; 0.66 ± 0.09 vs 0.5 ± 0.08 with 0.5 L/minute, respectively, P < .05). Hypopharyngeal pressures increased proportionally to gas flow with high variability: mean ± standard deviation pressures were 1.5 ± 0.8; 2.8 ± 1.2; 4.6 ± 1.3; 6.1 ± 1.6 cm H
2O at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 L/minute of gas flow. Peak pressures > 15 cm H
2O were frequently observed with gas flows ≥ 2 L/min.

Conclusions

Large variability in FiO2 and hypopharyngeal pressures were observed with oxygen administration through LFNC. Very high FiO
2 were observed despite low flows in infants < 1000 g. Excessive peak pressures can be generated with flows ≥ 2 L/minute especially among infants < 1000 g.
Conversational reflections about tinkering experiences in a children's museum
Authors: Pagano Lauren C. , Haden Catherine A. , Uttal David H. , Cohen Tsivia
Published: July 2019

We examined the conversational reflections of 248 families with 6–11‐year‐old children shortly after they visited a tinkering exhibit. Our aim was to understand the conditions of tinkering and conversational reflection that can enhance STEM learning opportunities for young children. Some families visited the exhibit when there was a design challenge and others when there was not. Some families chose to leave the exhibit with their creations, and, therefore, had them with them during the conversational reflection, and others did not. Children who participated in the design challenge, and had their tinkering creation present during the reminiscing, answered a greater percentage of adults’ elaborative open‐ended questions. Children also elaborated more if they visited the exhibit when there was a design challenge compared with those who did not. Children and adults made more elaborative statements if they had their tinkering creation with them than if they did not. Families with their tinkering creations talked most about engineering and the value of tinkering, and those who participated in the design challenge talked the most about engineering practices, and least about tools. We discuss implications for the design of tinkering and reflection activities that can both reveal and advance STEM learning.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Corneal Fibrosis and Inflammation via Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Delivery of miRNA
Authors: Shojaati Golnar , Khandaker Irona , Funderburgh Martha L. , Mann Mary M. , Basu Rohan , Stolz Donna B. , Geary Moira L. , Dos Santos Aurélie , Deng Sophie X. , Funderburgh James L.
Published: July 2019

Mesenchymal stem cells from corneal stromal stem cells (CSSC) prevent fibrotic scarring and stimulate regeneration of transparent stromal tissue after corneal wounding in mice. These effects rely on the ability of CSSC to block neutrophil infiltration into the damaged cornea. The current study investigated the hypothesis that tissue regeneration by CSSC is mediated by secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). CSSC produced EVs 130–150 nm in diameter with surface proteins that include CD63, CD81, and CD9. EVs from CSSC reduced visual scarring in murine corneal wounds as effectively as did live cells, but EVs from human embryonic kidney (HEK)293T cells had no regenerative properties. CSSC EV treatment of wounds decreased expression of fibrotic genes Col3a1 and Acta2, blocked neutrophil infiltration, and restored normal tissue morphology. CSSC EVs labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester dye, rapidly fused with corneal epithelial and stromal cells in culture, transferring microRNA (miRNA) to the target cells. Knockdown of mRNA for Alix, a component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport, using siRNA, resulted in an 85% reduction of miRNA in the secreted EVs. The EVs with reduced miRNA were ineffective at blocking corneal scarring. Furthermore, CSSC with reduced Alix expression also lost their regenerative function, suggesting EVs as an obligate component in the delivery of miRNA. The results of these studies support an essential role for extracellular vesicles in the process by which CSSC cells block scarring and initiate regeneration of transparent corneal tissue after wounding. EVs appear to serve as a delivery vehicle for miRNA, which affects the regenerative action. Stem Cells Translational Medicine  2019;8:1192–1201
Targeted Drug Delivery to Stroke via Chemotactic Recruitment of Nanoparticles Coated with Membrane of Engineered Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Ma Junning , Zhang Shenqi , Liu Jun , Liu Fuyao , Du Fenyi , Li Miao , Chen Ann T. , Bao Youmei , Suh Hee Won , Avery Jonathan , Deng Gang , Zhou Yu , Wu Peng , Sheth Kevin , Wang Haijun , Zhou Jiangbing
Published: July 2019

Cell membrane coating has recently emerged as a promising biomimetic approach to engineering nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted drug delivery. However, simple cell membrane coating may not meet the need for efficient drug delivery to the brain. Here, a novel molecular engineering strategy to modify the surface of NPs with a cell membrane coating for enhanced brain penetration is reported. By using poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid NPs as a model, it is shown that delivery of NPs to the ischemic brain is enhanced through surface coating with the membrane of neural stem cells (NSCs), and the delivery efficiency can be further increased using membrane isolated from NSCs engineered for overexpression of CXCR4. It is found that this enhancement is mediated by the chemotactic interaction of CXCR4 with SDF‐1, which is enriched in the ischemic microenvironment. It is demonstrated that the resulting CXCR4‐overexpressing membrane‐coated NPs, termed CMNPs, significantly augment the efficacy of glyburide, an anti‐edema agent, for stroke treatment. The study suggests a new approach to improving drug delivery to the ischemic brain and establishes a novel formulation of glyburide that can be potentially translated into clinical applications to improve management of human patients with stroke.
Chain Length Distribution of β‐amylase Treated Potato Starch and Its Effect on Properties of Starch Nanoparticles Obtained by Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Chang Yanjiao , Yang Jingde , Jiang Longwei , Ren Lili , Zhou Jiang
Published: July 2019

Potato starch solution is treated by using β‐amylase to shorten length of starch molecular chains. Chain length distribution of the β‐amylase treated potato starch is characterized by size exclusion chromatography and fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Results show that the content of long chains with degree of polymerization >100 decreases from 22% to 6.5% after 360 min β‐amylolysis, and the amount of short chains considerably increased. Properties of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) fabricated via nanoprecipitation using the β‐amylase treated potato starch are characterized. It is found that the β‐amylolysis gave rise to smaller SNPs with narrower size distribution due to reduction of chain entanglements during precipitation. V‐type crystalline structure exists in the precipitated SNPs and the β‐amylase treatment does not influence crystalline structure and crystallinity of the obtained SNPs.
A simplified method for instability and second‐order load effects of framed structures: Story‐based approach
Authors: Gunaydin Ayten , Aydin Ruhi
Published: July 2019

Several building codes such as ANSI/AISC 360‐16 and EC3 EN 1993‐1‐1 require the use of a proper design method to consider instability and second‐order load effect problems for individual system elements and the entire structural system. Various methods are available to assess stability. All of these methods should considerP‐Δ andP‐δ effects (second‐order effects). The following calculation procedures are presented in this study: (a) a simplified method is developed forP‐Δ andP‐δanalysis in regular frames under the effect of constant axial loads to obtainstory driftsandend moments; (b) this method can be applied to an entire building or any individual story, that is, story‐based design is possible; and (c) column effective length factors are obtained for individual columns. In addition, design tables are presented.
Integration of multiple climate models to predict range shifts and identify management priorities of the endangered Taxus wallichiana in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountain region
Authors: Li Peixian , Zhu Wenquan , Xie Zhiying , Qiao Kun
Published: July 2019

Taxus wallichianaZucc. (Himalayan yew) is subject to international and national conservation measures because of its over-exploitation and decline over the last 30 years. Predicting the impact of climate change onT. wallichiana’s distribution might help protect the wild populations and plan effective ex situ measures or cultivate successfully. Considering the complexity of climates and the uncertainty inherent in climate modeling for mountainous regions, we integrated three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) (i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) based on datasets from 14 Global Climate Models of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 to: (1) predict the potential distribution ofT. wallichianaunder recent past (1960–1990, hereafter “current”) and future (2050s and 2070s) scenarios with the species distribution model MaxEnt.; and (2) quantify the climatic factors influencing the distribution. In respond to the future warming climate scenarios, (1) highly suitable areas forT. wallichianawould decrease by 31–55% at a rate of 3–7%/10a; (2) moderately suitable areas would decrease by 20–30% at a rate of 2–4%/10a; (3) the average elevation of potential suitable sites forT. wallichianawould shift up-slope by 390 m (15%) to 948 m (36%) at a rate of 42–100 m/10a. Average annual temperature (contribution rate ca. 61%), isothermality and temperature seasonality (20%), and annual precipitation (17%) were the main climatic variables affectingT. wallichianahabitats. Prior protected areas and suitable planting areas must be delimited from the future potential distributions, especially the intersection areas at different suitability levels. It is helpful to promote the sustainable utilization of this precious resource by prohibiting exploitation and ex situ restoring wild resources, as well as artificially planting considering climate suitability.
The Evolution of Party Policy and Cleavage Voting under Power-Sharing in Northern Ireland
Authors: Tilley James , Garry John , Matthews Neil
Published: July 2019

This article argues that post-conflict consociational arrangements in ethnically divided societies incentivize moderation by political parties, but not policy differentiation outside the main conflict. This results in little policy-driven voting. Analysing party manifestos and voter survey data, we examine the evolution of party policy and cleavage voting under power-sharing in Northern Ireland 1998–2016. We find a reduction in ethno-national policy differences between parties and that ethno-nationalism has become less important in predicting vote choice for Protestants, but not Catholics. We also find little party differentiation in other policy areas and show that vote choices are largely independent of people's policy stances on economic or social issues. Our findings are thus largely consistent with a ‘top-down’ interpretation of political dynamics.
Effect of morphology on the large-amplitude flapping dynamics of an inverted flag in a uniform flow
Authors: Fan Boyu , Huertas-Cerdeira Cecilia , Cossé Julia , Sader John E. , Gharib Morteza
Published: July 2019

The stability of a cantilevered elastic sheet in a uniform flow has been studied extensively due to its importance in engineering and its prevalence in natural structures. Varying the flow speed can give rise to a range of dynamics including limit cycle behaviour and chaotic motion of the cantilevered sheet. Recently, the ‘inverted flag’ configuration – a cantilevered elastic sheet aligned with the flow impinging on its free edge – has been observed to produce large-amplitude flapping over a finite band of flow speeds. This flapping phenomenon has been found to be a vortex-induced vibration, and only occurs at sufficiently large Reynolds numbers. In all cases studied, the inverted flag has been formed from a cantilevered sheet of rectangular morphology, i.e. the planform of its elastic sheet is a rectangle. Here, we investigate the effect of the inverted flag’s morphology on its resulting stability and dynamics. We choose a trapezoidal planform which is explored using experiment and an analytical theory for the divergence instability of an inverted flag of arbitrary morphology. Strikingly, for this planform we observe that the flow speed range over which flapping occurs scales approximately with the flow speed at which the divergence instability occurs. This provides a means by which to predict and control flapping. In a biological setting, leaves in a wind can also align themselves in an inverted flag configuration. Motivated by this natural occurrence we also study the effect of adding an artificial ‘petiole’ (a thin elastic stalk that connects the sheet to the clamp) on the inverted flag’s dynamics. We find that the petiole serves to partially decouple fluid forces from elastic forces, for which an analytical theory is also derived, in addition to increasing the freedom by which the flapping dynamics can be tuned. These results highlight the intricacies of the flapping instability and account for some of the varied dynamics of leaves in nature.
A NEW PROOF OF THE CARLITZ–LUTZ THEOREM
Authors: BOUMAHDI RACHID , KIHEL OMAR , LARONE JESSE , YADJEL MAKHLOUF
Published: July 2019

A polynomial $f$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ can be classified as a permutation polynomial by the Hermite–Dickson criterion, which consists of conditions on the powers $f^{e}$ for each $e$ from $1$ to $q-2$, as well as the existence of a unique solution to $f(x)=0$ in $\mathbb{F}_{q}$. Carlitz and Lutz gave a variant of the criterion. In this paper, we provide an alternate proof to the theorem of Carlitz and Lutz.
ON A LATTICE CHARACTERISATION OF FINITE SOLUBLE PST-GROUPS
Authors: CHI ZHANG , SKIBA ALEXANDER N.
Published: July 2019

Let $\mathfrak{F}$ be a class of finite groups and $G$ a finite group. Let ${\mathcal{L}}_{\mathfrak{F}}(G)$ be the set of all subgroups $A$ of $G$ with $A^{G}/A_{G}\in \mathfrak{F}$. A chief factor $H/K$ of $G$ is $\mathfrak{F}$-central in $G$ if $(H/K)\rtimes (G/C_{G}(H/K))\in \mathfrak{F}$. We study the structure of $G$ under the hypothesis that every chief factor of $G$ between $A_{G}$ and $A^{G}$ is $\mathfrak{F}$-central in $G$ for every subgroup $A\in {\mathcal{L}}_{\mathfrak{F}}(G)$. As an application, we prove that a finite soluble group $G$ is a PST-group if and only if $A^{G}/A_{G}\leq Z_{\infty }(G/A_{G})$ for every subgroup $A\in {\mathcal{L}}_{\mathfrak{N}}(G)$, where $\mathfrak{N}$ is the class of all nilpotent groups.
Dietary choline is positively related to overall and cause-specific mortality: results from individuals of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and pooling prospective data
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Katsiki Niki , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Banach Maciej
Published: July 2019

Little is known about the association between dietary choline intake and mortality. We evaluated the link between choline consumption and overall as well as cause-specific mortality by using both individual data and pooling prospective studies by meta-analysis and systematic review. Furthermore, adjusted means of cardiometabolic risk factors across choline intake quartiles were calculated. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2010) were collected. Adjusted Cox regression was performed to determine the risk ratio (RR) and 95 % CI, as well as random-effects models and generic inverse variance methods to synthesise quantitative and pooling data, followed by a leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis. After adjustments, we found that individuals consuming more choline had worse lipid profile and glucose homeostasis, but lower C-reactive protein levels (P < 0·001 for all comparisons) with no significant differences in anthropometric parameters and blood pressure. Multivariable Cox regression models revealed that individuals in the highest quartile (Q4) of choline consumption had a greater risk of total (23 %), CVD (33 %) and stroke (30 %) mortality compared with the first quartile (Q1) (P < 0·001 for all comparison). These results were confirmed in a meta-analysis, showing that choline intake was positively and significantly associated with overall (RR 1·12, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·17, I2 = 2·9) and CVD (RR 1·28, 95 % CI 1·17, 1·39, I2 = 9·6) mortality risk. In contrast, the positive association between choline consumption and stroke mortality became non-significant (RR 1·18, 95 % CI 0·97, 1·43, P = 0·092, I2 = 1·1). Our findings shed light on the potential adverse effects of choline intake on selected cardiometabolic risk factors and mortality risk.
Report on the To.Sca.Lat.-1.0 Summer School, total scattering analysis for nanoscience in Latin America
Authors: Campos C. E. M. , Ulbrich K. F. , Leoni M. , Masciocchi N. , Bertolotti F. , Guagliardi A.
Published: July 2019

Advanced courses in Applied Crystallography for Nanosciences are not often delivered in Academia and, consequently, require the organization of events specifically tailored to PhD students, postdocs, and young researchers at the very beginning of their scientific careers.
Materials for learning use of GSAS-II
Authors: Ginell K. M. , Horn C. , Von Dreele R. B. , Toby B. H.
Published: July 2019

The General Structure Analysis System (GSAS-II) package provides materials and crystallographic analysis for all types of diffraction data. It was initially made available with very limited capabilities, but over much of the last decade the features have been expanded, so that GSAS-II is now a comprehensive tool for nearly all types of structural and materials characterization studies. The need to provide materials to teach use of GSAS-II, while the software has been undergoing constant revision and expansion, has required new approaches for documentation. This has included providing tutorials, as each major new capability has been added, and context-sensitive help for each section of the program. Comments in the code are also expanded into a software reference guide. Most recently, video versions of more than half of the tutorials were created and others were provided with animated graphics. All GSAS-II documentation is web-based.
A case of right aortic arch with isolated left innominate artery and global cerebral white matter atrophy
Authors: Binka Edem , Sun Lisa R. , Gailloud Philippe , Chiu Joanne S.
Published: July 2019

A right aortic arch with an isolated left innominate artery is a rare form of aortic arch anomaly. We present a case of neonatal diagnosis of this anomaly with concerning findings of global cerebral white matter atrophy at 13 months of age.
Rheumatologie von A bis Z – ein webbasiertes Informationsangebot
Authors: Villiger Elias , Grandinetti Tanja , Tamborrini Giorgio
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung. Informationen zu Gesundheitsthemen im Internet werden rege genutzt. Ein angemessenes Prüfen dieser Daten auf ihre Qualität, Vertrauenswürdigkeit und klinische Relevanz stellt aber selbst für viele Fachkräfte eine Herausforderung dar. Das hier vorgestellte Projekt bietet von Fachpersonen zusammengestellte und geprüfte Inhalte im Bereich des Bewegungsapparates an. Insgesamt sind 222 Begriffe definiert, beschrieben und mit klinisch relevanten Details versehen, um interessierten Fachpersonen einen schnellen und umfassenden Zugang zu hochwertigen, themenspezifischen Informationen zu gewährleisten. Ausserdem sind die Begriffe mit insgesamt 2150 Links auf geprüfte weiterführende Webseiten ergänzt. Alle Inhalte sind auf Deutsch und Englisch verfügbar und können entweder über eine Webseite oder per App abgerufen werden.
Characterization of Crustal and Uppermost‐Mantle Seismic Discontinuities in the Ontong Java Plateau
Authors: Tonegawa T. , Miura S. , Ishikawa A. , Sano T. , Suetsugu D. , Isse T. , Shiobara H. , Sugioka H. , Ito A. , Ishihara Y. , Tanaka S. , Obayashi M. , Yoshimitsu J. , Kobayashi T.
Published: July 2019

The Early Cretaceous Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) in the southwestern Pacific Ocean is the largest oceanic plateau by volume on Earth, and a broad range of observations has been conducted to reveal its formation and evolution. However, because seafloor seismic observations of the OJP and surrounding areas have been insufficient so far, such experiments are capable of generating additional information regarding the crustal and mantle structure of the OJP. To image seismic velocity discontinuities from the crust to the uppermost mantle, we applied receiver function analysis to seismic records acquired by 17 broadband ocean bottom seismometers deployed across the region in and around the OJP and 3 broadband stations located on ocean islands in Micronesia (one: permanent, two: temporary). The results revealed midcrustal discontinuities and the Moho at depths of 10–20 and 30–40 km (from the top of the basement), respectively, in the central OJP. Moreover, a mantle discontinuity was also imaged at the depth of 55–60 km (from the top of the basement) in the central OJP. These boundaries were not imaged outside the OJP, implying that they are characteristic features of the OJP. In addition, receiver function images showed Moho signals at the depth of 20 km in the eastern OJP, where few previous seismic exploration surveys have been conducted. This depth is comparable with that found in the Manihiki and Hikurangi Plateaus that were potentially separated from the OJP.
Impacts of Groundwater Drainage on Peatland Subsidence and Its Ecological Implications on an Atlantic Raised Bog
Authors: Regan S. , Flynn R. , Gill L. , Naughton O. , Johnston P.
Published: July 2019

Field data of topography, water levels, and peat hydraulic conductivity collected over a 28‐year period have revealed the impacts of marginal drainage on uncut raised bog ecohydrology and its peat properties. Drainage of the regional groundwater body has induced changes in the hydraulic properties of deep peat, with peat compression decreasing hydraulic conductivity and storativity while simultaneously introducing localized secondary porosity and effective storage. Where peat has increased in hydraulic conductivity, there is a corresponding decline in vertical hydraulic gradients and significant localized increases in recharge to the underlying substrate. Repeated topographic surveys show intense localized areas of peat consolidation (>5%) where it is underlain by highly permeable (>10 m/day) glacial till deposits. More widely, continued subsidence (4–6 mm/year) of the bog surface has been measured over 900 m from the bog margin, resulting in the progressive loss of approximately 40% of actively growing raised bog since 1991. This loss has thus been shown to be attributable to changes in the underlying groundwater head due to deep‐cut drainage, rather than near‐surface peatland drainage. However, although reinstating regional hydrostatic pressures in order to restore this ombrotrophic peatland may control the rapid drainage through preferential flow pathways, this may not eliminate the ecological impacts resulting from changed surface morphology arising from subsidence. Hence, this longitudinal study provides new insights into the role that aquifer systems and groundwater bodies play in maintaining hydrogeological processes in ombrotrophic peatland systems, while highlighting the difficulty in ecological restoration where regional groundwater dependencies are significant.
Inhibition of acetylation of histones 3 and 4 attenuates aortic valve calcification
Authors: Gu Jia , Lu Yan , Deng Menqing , Qiu Ming , Tian Yunfan , Ji Yue , Zong Pengyu , Shao Yongfeng , Zheng Rui , Zhou Bin , Kong Xiangqing , Sun Wei
Published: July 2019

Aortic valve calcification develops in patients with chronic kidney disease who have calcium and phosphate metabolic disorders and poor prognoses. There is no effective treatment except valve replacement. However, metabolic disorders put patients at high risk for surgery. Increased acetylation of histones 3 and 4 is present in interstitial cells from human calcific aortic valves, but whether it is involved in aortic valve calcification has not been studied. In this study, we found that treating cultured porcine aortic valve interstitial cells with a high-calcium/high-phosphate medium induced calcium deposition, apoptosis, and expression of osteogenic marker genes, producing a phenotype resembling valve calcification in vivo. These phenotypic changes were attenuated by the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor C646. C646 treatment increased the levels of class I histone deacetylase members and decreased the acetylation of histones 3 and 4 induced by the high-calcium/high-phosphate treatment. Conversely, the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid promoted valve interstitial cell calcification. In a mouse model of aortic valve calcification induced by adenine and vitamin D treatment, the levels of acetylated histones 3 and 4 were increased in the calcified aortic valves. Treatment of the models with C646 attenuated aortic valve calcification by restoring the levels of acetylated histones 3 and 4. These observations suggest that increased acetylation of histones 3 and 4 is part of the pathogenesis of aortic valve calcification associated with calcium and phosphate metabolic disorders. Targeting acetylated histones 3 and 4 may be a potential therapy for inoperable aortic valve calcification in chronic kidney disease patients.
Decreased maternal serum acetate and impaired fetal thymic and regulatory T cell development in preeclampsia
Authors: Hu Mingjing , Eviston David , Hsu Peter , Mariño Eliana , Chidgey Ann , Santner-Nanan Brigitte , Wong Kahlia , Richards James L. , Yap Yu Anne , Collier Fiona , Quinton Ann , Joung Steven , Peek Michael , Benzie Ron , Macia Laurence , Wilson David , Ponsonby Ann-Louise , Tang Mimi L. K. , O’Hely Martin , Daly Norelle L. , Mackay Charles R. , Dahlstrom Jane E. ,   The BIS Investigator Group, Saffery Richard , Allen Katrina J. , Ranganathan Sarath , Burgner David , Harrison Leonard C. , Sly Peter , Dwyer Terry , Vuillermin Peter , Nanan Ralph
Published: July 2019

Maternal immune dysregulation seems to affect fetal or postnatal immune development. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-associated disorder with an immune basis and is linked to atopic disorders in offspring. Here we show reduction of fetal thymic size, altered thymic architecture and reduced fetal thymic regulatory T (Treg) cell output in preeclamptic pregnancies, which persists up to 4 years of age in human offspring. In germ-free mice, fetal thymic CD4+ T cell and Treg cell development are compromised, but rescued by maternal supplementation with the intestinal bacterial metabolite short chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, which induces upregulation of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE), known to contribute to Treg cell generation. In our human cohorts, low maternal serum acetate is associated with subsequent preeclampsia, and correlates with serum acetate in the fetus. These findings suggest a potential role of acetate in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and immune development in offspring.
Ion buffering and interface charge enable high performance electronics with organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Romele Paolo , Ghittorelli Matteo , Kovács-Vajna Zsolt Miklós , Torricelli Fabrizio
Published: July 2019

Organic electrochemical transistors rely on ionic-electronic volumetric interaction to provide a seamless interface between biology and electronics with outstanding signal amplification. Despite their huge potential, further progress is limited owing to the lack of understanding of the device fundamentals. Here, we investigate organic electrochemical transistors in a wide range of experimental conditions by combining electrical analyses and device modeling. We show that the measurements can be quantitatively explained by nanoscale ionic-electronic charge interaction, giving rise to ion buffering and interface charge compensation. The investigation systematically explains and unifies a wide range of experiments, providing the rationale for the development of high-performance electronics. Unipolar inverters — universal building blocks for electronics — with gain larger than 100 are demonstrated. This is the highest gain ever reported, enabling the design of devices and circuits with enhanced performance and opening opportunities for the next-generation integrated bioelectronics and neuromorphic computing.
Publisher Correction: Sub-stoichiometric 2D covalent organic frameworks from tri- and tetratopic linkers
Authors: Banerjee Tanmay , Haase Frederik , Trenker Stefan , Biswal Bishnu P. , Savasci Gökcen , Duppel Viola , Moudrakovski Igor , Ochsenfeld Christian , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: July 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Using Nanoimprint Lithography to Create Robust, Buoyant, Superhydrophobic PVB/SiO2 Coatings on wood Surfaces Inspired by Red roses petal
Authors: Yang Yushan , He Haishan , Li Yougui , Qiu Jian
Published: July 2019

Robust, buoyant, superhydrophobic PVB/SiO2 coatings were successfully formed on wood surface through a one-step solvothermal method and a nanoimprint lithography method. The as-prepared PVB/SiO2/wood specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric (TG–DTG) analyses. The superhydrophobic property and abrasion resistance of rose-petal-like wood were measured and assessed by water contact angle (WCA) and sand abrasion tests. The results show that PVB/SiO2/wood not only exhibited a robust superhydrophobic performance with a WCA of 160° but also had excellent durability and thermostability during the sand abrasion tests and against corrosive liquids. Additionally, the as-prepared PVB/SiO2/wood specimens show high buoyancy.
Evaluation of the Structure of Myodural Bridges in an Equine Model of Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes
Authors: McElroy Abigail , Rashmir Ann , Manfredi Jane , Sledge Dodd , Carr Elizabeth , Stopa Edward , Klinge Petra
Published: July 2019

Myodural bridges have been described in various species as connective tissue structures “bridging” small cranio-cervical muscles to the dura. Myodural bridges are thought to stabilize the dural sac during head and neck movements and promote cerebrospinal fluid motion; however, their role in neurological diseases has not yet been established. We report ultrasonographic visualization, necropsy, histopathologic and ultrastructural findings of myodural bridges in horses with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA), an equine model of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Five HERDA and 5 control horses were studied. Post-mortem examination and ultrasonographic studies (3 HERDA and 4 controls) demonstrated that the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial myodural bridges are dynamic structures “moving” the dura. En block resection of the myodural bridges (4 HERDA and 5 controls) was accomplished and histopathology showed myofiber degeneration in 3 HERDA horses and 1 control. Ultrastructural examination revealed loosely packed collagen fibrils with abnormal orientation in all HERDA horses compared to mild abnormalities in 2 controls. Our study provides necropsy and ultrasonographic evidence of the dynamic aspect of the myodural bridges as dural sac stabilizers. Myodural bridges may be pathologically altered in connective tissue disease as evidenced by the ultrastructural morphology in the HERDA myodural bridge.
Epidemiological and clinical differences between sexes and pathogens in a three-year surveillance of acute infectious gastroenteritis in Shanghai
Authors: Luo Lingfei , Gu Yiqin , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhang Yinghua , Zhan Longwen , Liu Jiqian , Yan Hongjing , Liu Yun , Zhen Shanshan , Chen Xiuhua , Tong Rui , Song Chiping , He Yingying
Published: July 2019

Acute infectious gastroenteritis cases in Shanghai, reported over three years, were analyzed. Pathogens were identified in 1031 patients; of these, 725 and 306 were bacterial and viral cases, respectively.Vibrio parahemolyticusandSalmonellawere the dominant bacteria, andCaliciviridaeandReoviridaewere the dominant viral families in the local area. The acute gastroenteritis epidemic peaks appeared in August and January, which represented the active peak periods of bacteria and viruses, respectively. Logistic regression analyses with sex stratification showed that abdominal pain, fever and ingestion of unsafe food at restaurants were independent factors more frequently associated with bacterial gastroenteritis irrespective of sex; red cell-positive fecal matter was associated with bacterial gastroenteritis with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.28 only in males; and white blood cell count was associated with bacterial gastroenteritis with an OR of 1.02 only in females. Pathogen stratification showed that age, vomiting and red cell-positive fecal matter were associated with males with ORs of 0.99, 0.61 and 1.71, respectively, in bacterial gastroenteritis; and the migrant ratio was higher in males with an OR of 2.29 only in viral gastroenteritis. In conclusion, although bacterial and viral gastroenteritis shared many features, epidemiological and clinical factors differed between sexes and pathogens.
Outbreak strain characterisation and pharyngeal carriage detection following a protracted group B meningococcal outbreak in adolescents in South-West England
Authors: Clark Stephen A. , Lucidarme Jay , Angel Georgina , Lekshmi Aiswarya , Morales-Aza Begonia , Willerton Laura , Campbell Helen , Gray Steve J. , Ladhani Shamez N. , Wade Mike , Ramsay Mary , Yates Julie , Finn Adam , Borrow Ray
Published: July 2019

Between April 2016 and September 2017, four cases of group B meningococcal disease were reported among sixth-form college students in Bristol, UK. Culture and non-culture whole genome sequencing was utilised and demonstrated that the four genomes of the responsible ST-41 strains clustered closely on a sub-lineage of ST-41/44 clonal complex. The outbreak resulted in two fatalities. A distinct social group associated with one of the cases was selected for vaccination with 4CMenB and pharyngeal swabbing. In vitro culturing, multiple real-time PCR assays (sodC, ctrA and siaDB) and a PorA PCR-sequencing assay were used to detect meningococcal colonisation and a carriage rate of 32.6% was observed. Furthermore, a high proportion of the pharyngeal swabs (78.3%) yielded a Factor H-Binding Protein (fHbp) nucleotide allele suggesting that the antigenic gene is prevalent among non-meningococcal flora, most likely Neisseria commensals. This may have implications for fHbp as a vaccine antigen should it be shown to influence bacterial colonisation.
Precision identification of high-risk phenotypes and progression pathways in severe malaria without requiring longitudinal data
Authors: Johnston Iain G. , Hoffmann Till , Greenbury Sam F. , Cominetti Ornella , Jallow Muminatou , Kwiatkowski Dominic , Barahona Mauricio , Jones Nick S. , Casals-Pascual Climent
Published: July 2019

More than 400,000 deaths from severe malaria (SM) are reported every year, mainly in African children. The diversity of clinical presentations associated with SM indicates important differences in disease pathogenesis that require specific treatment, and this clinical heterogeneity of SM remains poorly understood. Here, we apply tools from machine learning and model-based inference to harness large-scale data and dissect the heterogeneity in patterns of clinical features associated with SM in 2904 Gambian children admitted to hospital with malaria. This quantitative analysis reveals features predicting the severity of individual patient outcomes, and the dynamic pathways of SM progression, notably inferred without requiring longitudinal observations. Bayesian inference of these pathways allows us assign quantitative mortality risks to individual patients. By independently surveying expert practitioners, we show that this data-driven approach agrees with and expands the current state of knowledge on malaria progression, while simultaneously providing a data-supported framework for predicting clinical risk.
The mimetic wing pattern of Papilio polytes butterflies is regulated by a doublesex-orchestrated gene network
Authors: Iijima Takuro , Yoda Shinichi , Fujiwara Haruhiko
Published: July 2019

The swallowtail butterfly Papilio polytes is sexually dimorphic and exhibits female-limited Batesian mimicry. This species also has two female forms, a non-mimetic form with male-like wing patterns, and a mimetic form resembling an unpalatable model, Pachliopta aristolochiae. The mimicry locus H constitutes a dimorphic Mendelian ‘supergene’, including a transcription factor gene doublesex (dsx). However, how the mimetic-type dsx (dsx-H) orchestrates the downstream gene network and causes the mimetic traits remains unclear. Here we performed RNA-seq-based gene screening and found that Wnt1 and Wnt6 are up-regulated by dsx-H during the early pupal stage and are involved in the red/white pigmentation and patterning of mimetic female wings. In contrast, a homeobox gene abdominal-A is repressed by dsx-H and involved in the non-mimetic colouration pattern. These findings suggest that dual regulation by dsx-H, induction of mimetic gene networks and repression of non-mimetic gene networks, is essential for the switch from non-mimetic to mimetic pattern in mimetic female wings.
Porous organic polymers based on cobalt corroles for carbon monoxide binding
Authors: Brandès Stéphane , Quesneau Valentin , Fonquernie Osian , Desbois Nicolas , Blondeau-Patissier Virginie , Gros Claude P.
Published: July 2019

Porous organic polymers (POPs) functionalized by cobalt corroles are designed for selective carbon monoxide capture applications.
Exceptionally stable quantum dot/siloxane hybrid encapsulation material for white light-emitting diodes with a wide color gamut
Authors: Jang Junho , Yoon Da-Eun , Kang Seung-Mo , Kim Yong Ho , Lee Ilsong , Lee Hyunhwan , Kim Yun Hyeok , Lee Doh C. , Bae Byeong-Soo
Published: July 2019

The greatly improved thermal stability of QDs is achieved by introducing a linear-structured siloxane matrix for on-chip type applications.
Metal phthalocyanine organic thin-film transistors: changes in electrical performance and stability in response to temperature and environment
Authors: Boileau Nicholas T. , Cranston Rosemary , Mirka Brendan , Melville Owen A. , Lessard Benoît H.
Published: July 2019

A series of metal phthalocyanine based organic thin film transistors were evaluated and their responses to changes in temperature and environmental was determined: the choice of central atom makes a difference.
Robust design of fuzzy‐based power system stabiliser considering uncertainties of loading conditions and transmission line parameters
Authors: Shokouhandeh Hassan , Jazaeri Mostafa
Published: July 2019

Ensuring the efficiency and robustness of a power system stabiliser is indebted to provide a comprehensive scheme that considers significant uncertainties in variables and parameters of the model. This study proposes a robust type‐II fuzzy logic‐based power system stabiliser scheme that can handle the uncertainties in both loading condition and line parameters. Unlike loading condition, there are many lines in a typical power system and it is necessary to introduce an indicator that can mark lines with significant uncertainty in the parameters. Hence, a criterion based on Oscillatory Stability Index is presented in the study. On the other hand, random samples from line parameters and loading conditions are generated by the roulette‐wheel using probability density functions (PDF) to form the elements of the weighting matrix. Two objective functions including weighted eigenvalue deviations and damping ratios are defined and then optimised to find the parameters of the proposed stabiliser in the uncertain environment. Simulations are carried out in different scenarios and in terms of both load condition and line parameters changes. Finally, the performance of the proposed stabiliser is assessed through comparisons with an optimised lead–lag power system stabiliser and a robust lead–lag power system stabiliser.
Synchrophasor measurement‐based approach for online available transfer capability evaluation
Authors: Kesherwani Saurabh , Srivastava Suresh Chandra , Mohapatra Abheejeet
Published: July 2019

This study proposes a synchrophasor measurement‐based approach for online available transfer capability (ATC) evaluation. It utilises an expression which correlates the nodal power injections to the line flows. A new set of measurement‐dependent injection distribution factors (MDIDFs) has been computed using this expression. The measurements, obtained from optimally placed phasor measurement units, are used to carry out linear state estimation (LSE). The voltage phasors of all system buses, obtained by LSE, are required to compute the MDIDFs. ATCs for bilateral and multilateral transactions are directly evaluated using these MDIDFs for system intact and contingency cases. If required, the MDIDFs can also be used to directly compute AC power transfer distribution factors and line outage distribution factors without factorising the Jacobian of AC power flow (ACPF). The proposed approach has been validated in real‐time digital simulator at different system operating points of WSCC 9‐bus and IEEE 14‐bus systems. Simulations are also performed on an Indian 246‐bus Northern Regional Power Grid system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results thus obtained, when compared with those evaluated through repeated ACPF‐based approach, prove the efficacy of the proposed approach.