bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing the Hypothesis about the Dependence of the Mass of Electric Machines on the Power and Speed
Authors:   DriveConstructor, Norway, MATVEEV Aleksey V.
Published: July 2021

The hypothesis stating that the mass of any rotating electric machine is proportional to its power capacity taken to a power of 0.75 and is inversely proportional to the square root of its rotation frequency is tested. The testing is carried out on the material of permanent magnet synchronous machines. The inﬂ uence of such factors as voltage, shape of active parts, cooling, eﬃ ciency level, overloads, presence of supporting structures, power supply frequency, and number of poles is studied. The hypothesis is tested by predicting the mass of machines in the widest possible range of power capacities (from 0.03 W to 36 MW) and rotation frequencies (from 2 to 500 000 rpm). The accuracy of the preliminary estimate of the machine mass within about 50% can be considered acceptable, given that the masses of the machines being estimated range from less than a gram to more than 100 t. Based on the study results, the formulation of a new law of electromechanics is proposed, which describes how the machine mass is predetermined in terms of its power capacity and rotation frequency. The ratio of machine power capacity taken to a power of 0.75 to the square root of its rotation frequency is to some extent similar to the “gravity” which the designers try to overcome working on weakening the eﬀ ect of the above-mentioned inﬂ uencing factors.
Application of Asynchronized Generators in Electric Networks with Degraded Electric Power Quality
Authors:   Bratsk State University, Bratsk, BULATOV Yury N. , KRYUKOV Andrey V. ,   Irkutsk State University of Railways, Irkutsk, SHUMANSKY Edward K. ,   Bratsk State University, Bratsk
Published: July 2021

For decentralized power generation, small-capacity asynchronized generators (AGs) can be used, which are able to yield a number of positive effects in comparison with conventional synchronous machines: higher stability limits, wider reactive power adjustment ranges, simpler synchronization with the grid due to the ability to control the EMF phase, and the possibility to maintain synchronous operation in case of failure in one of the field windings. The article describes the model of a grid equipped with asynchronized generators with automatic excitation and rotor speed control systems, which is developed in the MATLAB software package environment. Normal and emergency operation modes of a 35 kV grid with distributed generation plants based on asynchronized machines under the conditions of degraded electric power quality due to the presence of electric traction loads are simulated. The influence of AGs on emergency and post-emergency modes are determined, and the harmonic distortion levels are estimated. For comparison, the grid operation modes are simulated for the case of using synchronous machines as generation sources. The influence of higher harmonic components on the performance of the proposed automatic control system is analyzed. The obtained study results have shown that with using asynchronized generators, better control processes and better quality of electric power are obtained in comparison with those in a grid equipped with synchronous machines; in addition, the stability limits are increased, and the synchronization processes are simplified.
Multichannel Magnetometric System for Increasing the Search Capabilities of Autonomous Uninhabited Underwater Vehicles
Authors:   Central Research and Testing Institute of Engineering Troops of the Russian Ministry of Defense, Nakhabino, SOKOLOV Nikolay A. , RYCHKOV Andrey V. ,   Military Training and Research Center of the Land Forces "Combined Arms Order of Zhukov Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", SHCHERBAKOV Grigori N. ,   Military Training and Research Center of the Land Forces "Combined Arms Order of Zhukov Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", EFREMOV Igor A. ,   Research and Production Association "Special Equipment and Communications" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Published: July 2021

The advantages of using autonomous underwater vehicles in searching for ferromagnetic objects based on recording of spatially distributed magnetic anomalies are considered. The development lines of multichannel magnetometric search tools are shown. The potential capabilities of multichannel magnetometric systems for identifying search objects are revealed. Processing the survey results and drawing up a map of magnetic anomalies will make it possible to identify structures the geomagnetic properties of which differ essentially from the natural magnetic background. The use of such technique opens the possibility to achieve a significantly fuller information content and better reliability of the water area survey results and reveal visually undistinguished objects that have their own magnetic field. Based on the electromagnetic field and magnetostatics theory, a method for calculating the parameters and performance efficiency of the multichannel magnetometric system for autonomous underwater vehicles has been developed. The method is designed to evaluate the parameters of and capabilities for detecting ferromagnetic objects and to make a preliminary assessment of the search efficiency. The results obtained from computer simulation of the multichannel magnetometric system signals have confirmed the possibility of drawing up a map of magnetic anomalies to assess the occurrence depth and location of the search object in the ground. The shape of the search object magnetograms depends not only on the object type, but also on its orientation relative to the surface. By applying this dependence, it is possible to recognize search objects, determine their orientation and occurrence depth.
Pictogramas y adultos mayores: señalética de un sistema de transporte masivo en Colombia
Authors: Romo Gwendy , Marulanda Jorge
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo presenta los resultados del trabajo de grado titulado “Interpretación de los pictogramas de la señalética del MIO por parte de los ciudadanos de la tercera edad en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali” para optar por el título de diseñadora de la comunicación gráfica. La investigación tiene como objetivo investigar la comprensión de 38 pictogramas de la señalética para un sistema de transporte masivo del suroccidente de Colombia. Se exploró la comprensión de pictogramas siguiendo la siguiente metodología: i) realización de tres entrevistas a funcionarios-administrativos del sistema de transporte, con conocimiento sobre las políticas institucionales asociadas con el desarrollo de señalética (dos funcionarios del programa para adultos mayores, y un funcionario de la dirección comercial y servicio al cliente); ii) desarrollo y aplicación de un cuestionario para 72 personas mayores de 60 años, distribuidas en dos grupos equitativos (usuarios y no usuarios del sistema), para explorar la comprensión de 38 pictogramas (ilustrados) de buses, estaciones y terminales; iii) desarrollo y aplicación de un nuevo cuestionario para ocho adultos mayores usuarios del sistema, a quienes se les presentaron 13 pictogramas (fotografiados in situ) que fueron de difícil comprensión en el cuestionario anterior. Los resultados muestran que dichos pictogramas pueden ser de mejor acceso y comprensión cuando se ponen en contexto (fotografiados in situ). Este estudio confirma la importancia de evaluar la comprensión de la señalética en contextos situados (condiciones físicas) que incluyan características de las audiencias usuarias (nivel educativo, grupos etarios, saberes culturales y género).
Declaraciones circundantes: ideas de salva & guarda, intervención artística colectiva
Authors: Quiroga Nancy
Published: July 2021

Declaraciones Circundantes: Ideas de salva & guarda, es un ejercicio que hace parte del ciclo de reflexiones que anualmente se desarrollan en la Universidad de Boyacá a través del Departamento de Expresión de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo; este acto colectivo tuvo como objetivo compartir con la comunidad académica la reflexión sobre todo lo que esta en peligro de desaparecer y requieren medidas de protección.

El objeto intervenido en esta ocasión fue un aro en barro, donde a través de la intervención plástica de este objeto se promovió el espíritu artístico y reflexivo para proponer desde la estética y la gráfica un mensaje que trascienda la forma, donde el objeto ofrece innumerables opciones de asociar los conceptos de proteger, recuperar, salvar, guardar y perpetuar. En consonancia con lo anterior, se generó este espacio dialógico que posibilitó la comprensión y apropiación de salvaguardar todo aquello que se disipa frente a nosotros.
Revaloración del patrimonio edificado a través del color. El caso de Jala, Nayarit (México)
Authors: Escobedo Hernández Jorge
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación documenta, desde un enfoque cualitativo, el proceso que se siguió para la elaboración de una propuesta cromática para la localidad de Jala, México; estos trabajos fueron coordinados por el CentroINAH Nayarit.

El objetivo principal fue contribuir en la conservación del patrimonio edificado con que cuenta esta población, a través de la recuperación de la gama de colores que tuvieron sus fachadas entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, además de involucrar a los habitantes en un proceso de revaloración de este patrimonio.

La metodología y herramientas empleadas tuvieron cuatro pilares: la elaboración de calas estratigráficas, la búsqueda de información historiográfica, la conformación de un equipo multidisciplinario e interdisciplinario y, finalmente, incluir a la ciudadanía, tanto para la toma de decisiones como en la ejecución de los trabajos; estos pilares se pueden ver a través de los ocho pasos que conforman dicha metodología, los cuales se detallarán en los párrafos subsecuentes.

Los resultados de llevar a cabo lo anterior demuestran que la forma más efectiva que se tiene para que la gente se involucre de manera activa en la conservación de su patrimonio es valorándolo, y en este caso, la valoración parte de reconocer su arquitectura como patrimonial y la cromática como parte fundamental de esa arquitectura.
diseño como herramienta de análisis e intervención de la realidad de las mujeres en una localidad pequeña
Authors: Taibo Jonathan Alexis
Published: July 2021

Este artículo se presenta como una reflexión sobre el planteamiento de una propuesta de diseño estratégico, surgida a partir de una investigación en el territorio llevada a cabo en el año 2016, y propone una discusión sobre sus resultados. Se toma como objeto de estudio a la organización Proyecto Esperanza Milani, mujeres autoconvocadas de la localidad de Manfredi, Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. En primer lugar, se analiza y contextualiza tanto a la agrupación como al marco conceptual para el abordaje disciplinar. Luego, se amplía el estudio con búsqueda de datos (a través de entrevistas guiadas o “pautadas” y sondeo de opinión) para la comprensión situada del pueblo. Por último, se retorna a la organización con el desarrollo de una estrategia de diseño para la intervención local: desde un enfoque en perspectiva de género sobre el emprendedurismo y el empoderamiento, la comunicación de la marca personal y la inserción de la mujer en el entramado socio-productivo.
Informalidad como modo generalizado de urbanización: autoetnografía
Authors: Escalante Mauricio Muñoz
Published: July 2021

Artículo de reflexión sobre lo que se considera informalidad urbana en la academia colombiana. Se usa la autoetnografía como método de investigación cualitativa. Se cuestiona la idea aceptada de que en la ciudad colombiana coexisten varios tipos de ciudad, siendo la mayoría de ellos diferentes versiones de informalidad. Se arguye que esta atomización de la ciudad, encasillando la informalidad como característica de la pobreza, le permite al teórico urbano deshacerse de la responsabilidad. Esto se manifiesta en la creación de una persona, Nosotros, que está por fuera de Ellos, los pares académicos de los países desarrollados, y Ustedes, los habitantes de esas ciudades fuera de todo orden. Se propone que la informalidad es una manera de hacer la ciudad, aun por Nosotros, quienes pretendemos vivir fuera de ella.
Utilidad de los índices de oxigenación en pacientes adultos y pediátricos con insuficiencia respiratoria. Revisión narrativa
Authors: Valero-Ortiz Adriana Sofía , Corredor Gamba Sandra Patricia , Palencia Mojica Clara Lizeth , Castro Chaparro Nubia Yalile
Published: July 2021

Introducción: los índices de oxigenación son indispensables para evaluar el estado de oxigenación, así como para diagnosticar y clasificar la insuficiencia respiratoria. Objetivo: analizar la literatura relacionada con la utilidad de los índices de oxigenación Kirby y de saturación en pacientes adultos y pediátricos en unidades de cuidado intensivo con insuficiencia respiratoria. Método: revisión bibliográfica disponible en las bases de datos Science Direct, Scopus, OVID, Medline y Proquest. Revisión de 20 tesis alineadas con literatura gris, con la ventana de observación 2010-2020. Para seleccionar la información se aplicó la guía Critical Appraisal Skills Programme en español. Se incluyeron 47 artículos originales y 9 tesis, que superaron el 75 % de los criterios evaluados. Se excluyeron 30 estudios correspondientes a revisiones de tema y de caso, así como 10 tesis de pregrado en licenciaturas relacionadas con el cuidado de la salud. Resultados: la utilidad de los índices de oxigenación en insuficiencia respiratoria en pacientes adultos y pediátricos en cuidado intensivo corresponde a la correlación entre el índice de Kirby y la relación entre saturación parcial de oxígeno y la fracción inspirada de oxígeno como marcador de oxigenación, seguido de la utilización de estos para predicción de mortalidad. En menor proporción, establecen el fracaso de la ventilación mecánica y un diagnóstico temprano del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria. Conclusiones: según los estudios, el índice de saturación se usa como sustituto en la evaluación de la oxigenación, gravedad de la patología y marcador pronóstico de mortalidad en insuficiencia respiratoria tanto en pacientes adultos como en pediátricos.
Factores sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados al control de la tensión arterial en pacientes hipertensos de un programa de crónicos en Boyacá, 2017
Authors: Quemba Mesa Monica Paola , Hernández-Franco Ibeth Vanessa , González–Jiménez Nubia Mercedes
Published: July 2021

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial es una enfermedad cardiovascular que afecta a millones de personas, y que deriva en complicaciones como infartos de miocardio y accidentes cerebrovasculares, por lo cual se ha visto necesario realizar actividades dirigidas a reducir en esta población la mortalidad y la discapacidad relacionadas con las complicaciones de esta enfermedad. 

Objetivo: Describir los factores sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados al control de la tensión arterial en pacientes hipertensos de un programa de crónicos en Boyacá en el año 2017

Metodología: Estudio observacional de tipo transversal con fase analítica, en el cual participaron 238 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Se indagaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas identificando relaciones iniciales con el control de las cifras tensionales.    

Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes son de sexo femenino (n:195; 81.9%), siendo 68 años la mediana de su edad, teniendo la mayoría un perímetro abdominal mayor a los valores normales (n:146; 61.3%) además de reportar la oportuna asistencia a sus controles con médico internista (n:157; 66.0%) y teniendo cifras controladas de tensión arterial (n:177; 74.4%). El control inadecuado de la tensión arterial mostró asociación estadísticamente significativa con las variables perímetro abdominal (p=0,021), peso (p=0,045) y glicemia (p=0,021).

Conclusión: En el control de la tensión arterial de los participantes influyen factores relacionados con el estilo de vida, la alimentación y la toma de medicamentos. Por lo anterior, es necesario fortalecer los procesos de educación en salud y hacer seguimientos efectivos a esta población frente al manejo de estos factores.
Una mirada desde la percepción del cuerpo de la persona mayor
Authors: Monsalve-Jaramillo Eliana , Bohórquez-Olaya Claudia Inés , Cobo-Mejía Elisa Andrea
Published: July 2021

Introducción: el concepto de cuerpo envejecido proviene de la representación social y el estereotipo preconcebido de cada persona acerca de la vejez, la cual a pesar de ser un proceso natural del ciclo vital es vista generalmente como negativa. Objetivo: Comprender la percepción del cuerpo envejecido que tienen las personas mayores de la ciudad de Tunja, y de qué forma contribuyen a construir la estética en la vejez. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, con enfoque hermenéutico, se llevaron a cabo 5 grupos focales con la participación de 18 personas mayores, para el análisis se empleó el programa Atlas ti con el reconocimiento de códigos, categorías y familias. Resultados: Se reconoció como la percepción del cuerpo, se relaciona con los cambios en lo físico y psicológico, donde la aceptación de la vejez se asume desde la resignación, adicionalmente, el adulto emplea prácticas de autocuidado y embellecimiento con la finalidad de mitigar los cambios y propender por la estética que se acompaña de la funcionalidad e independencia. Conclusiones: Se logró evidenciar que la percepción que tienen las personas mayores a cerca de su cuerpo envejecido y la estética del mismo, están dadas desde la reelaboración y reconfiguración del concepto proporcionado por el paso de los años.
Atención, memoria y funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes en prueba académica de ingeniería ambiental y mecatrónica
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Diana Camila , Álvarez Vargas Nubia Yanneth , Valero Otálora Maritza Margarita
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación describe los procesos cognitivos atención, memoria y funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes en prueba académica de los programas de ingeniería ambiental e ingeniería mecatrónica de la Universidad de Boyacá. Metodológicamente es de tipo cuantitativo, con un corte descriptivo. La muestra está constituida por 23 universitarios con bajo rendimiento académico, escogidos a través de un muestreo estratificado con afijación proporcional, con edad promedio entre18 y 25 años, con una ubicación semestral de primero a octavo semestre, de los cuales el 74% fueron hombres y un 26% mujeres. Los resultados encontrados permiten establecer que en el proceso atencional el 60% de los estudiantes de Ingeniería Ambiental (IA) y el 75% de los estudiantes del programa de Ingeniería Mecatrónica (IM) presentan niveles altos en atención sostenida, pero para el caso de atención selectiva un 47% (IA) y un 12% (IM) de los estudiantes tienen un desempeño bajo; en memoria se registró que el 93% (IA) al parecer tiene dificultades para recordar detalles de los eventos y conceptos. En funciones ejecutivas el 33% (IA) y un 25% (IM) presentaron bajos niveles en la monitorización, manipulación y la actualización de información.
Analysis of Corylus pollen season in Poland in 2021
Authors: Piotrowska-Weryszko Krystyna , Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Dąbrowska-Zapart Katarzyna , Ziemianin Monika , Puc Małgorzata , Siergiejko Grzegorz , Malkiewicz Małgorzata , Jurkiewicz Dariusz , Bant Przemysław , Rapiejko Piotr
Published: July 2021

Corylus produces allergenic pollen grains that appear in the air in early spring and cause pollen allergy in sensitive people. The aim of this study was to compare the Corylus pollen seasons in 2021 in the following 11 cities in Poland: Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Cracow, Sosnowiec, Lublin, Olsztyn, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Szczecin, Warsaw, Wroclaw, and Zielona Gora. This research was conducted using the volumetric method and Burkard or Lanzoni pollen samplers. Pollen season duration was determined by the 95% method. The hazel pollen season in 2021 began relatively late, between February 20 and March 1. The season start was recorded earliest in Zielona Gora, while latest in Olsztyn. The highest values of maximum Corylus pollen concentration were recorded in Sosnowiec (230 P/m3) and Zielona Gora (213 P/m3), whereas the lowest ones in Bialystok (27 P/m3) and Bydgoszcz (54 P/m3). In most of these cities, the maximum daily concentration of Corylus pollen grains was recorded in the third 10 days of February or at the beginning of March and only in Lublin and Bialystok the peak value occurred later, on March 16 and March 26, respectively. The highest risk of allergy in people sensitive to the pollen of this taxon was found in Lublin, Olsztyn, and Zielona Gora. The highest values of the annual pollen integral were determined in Lublin, similarly to the previous years.
CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL EM UMA REDE DE FRANQUIAS: UMA ANÁLISE DA FORMA DE DISSEMINAÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DA CULTURA
Authors: Redis Cristina Gonçalves Nogueira , Picchiai Djair
Published: July 2021

A formação e o fortalecimento de uma cultura são resultado da atuação do líder, que influencia a equipe gerando uma coesão. Este processo se torna mais desafiador quando se fala de um sistema de franchising, por envolver empresas distintas. Deste desafio surgiu o objetivo desta pesquisa em avaliar como uma franqueadora dissemina e mantém a cultura organizacional em sua rede de franquias, e o resultado contribui para se criar uma maior sinergia entre franqueador e franqueados, favorecendo o atingimento de objetivos. Foi realizado um estudo de caso com análise documental, entrevistas presenciais e aplicação de questionários e os resultados apontam uma cultura muito forte em temas que envolvem relacionamentos interpessoais, integração com os clientes, planejamento e gestão, e maior dispersão em temas que analisam aspectos mais internos como o bem-estar e satisfação dos empregados e práticas de recompensa e treinamento.

Palavras-Chave: Cultura Organizacional; Franchising; Padronização de processos.
OS IMPACTOS DA COVID-19 NO TRIPÉ SOCIAL, ECONÔMICO E AMBIENTAL
Authors: Mendes Flavio Henrique , Lino Carolina Matteussi
Published: July 2021

Cada vez mais há mais preocupações com a sustentabilidade global, para que as ações sejam socialmente justas, economicamente viáveis ​​e ambientalmente corretas. No entanto, desde março de 2020, a pandemia do Coronavírus (COVID-19) afetou esse tripé, gerando dúvidas nos governos e na sociedade sobre o potencial do vírus e quais ações devem ser tomadas. Assim, muitos países colocaram suas populações em quarentena: (i) socialmente, o número de infectados e mortes em um nível exponencial tem gerado pânico nas pessoas; (ii) economicamente, a escassez de giro de capital no mercado e as incertezas futuras promoveram grandes quedas nas principais Bolsas de Valores; (iii) ambientalmente, único pilar positivo, apresentou melhorias na qualidade do ar em praticamente todo o mundo, ao reduzir poluentes como o NO2, exceto em Teerã (Irã), que teve seus índices ainda maiores, classificando-a como a região mais poluída do período analisado. A análise foi baseada em dados oficiais da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), Johns Hopkins University (saúde pública), Morningstar Inc. (aspectos econômicos) e Ventusky (questões ambientais). Como o tripé da sustentabilidade se comportará nos próximos dias, meses ou anos?
Subtraktionsstrategien verschachtelt oder geblockt lernen?
Authors: Nemeth Lea , Lipowsky Frank
Published: July 2021

Ein Ziel des Mathematikunterrichts der Primarschule ist die flexible Anwendung von Strategien beim Lösen von Subtraktionsaufgaben. In dieser Studie wird deshalb die Strategiekompetenz anhand von Strategiewahl- und Fehlerprofilen untersucht. 236 Lernende dritter Klassen wurden verschachtelt oder geblockt in der Anwendung von Subtraktionsstrategien unterrichtet. Mit einer latenten Transitionsanalyse konnten fünf Strategiewahl- und Fehlerprofile identifiziert werden. Während vor der Intervention das Profil der schrittweise Rechnenden mit wenigen Fehlern dominierte, überwog nach der Intervention das Profil der flexibel Rechnenden mit wenigen Fehlern, gefolgt von den schriftlich Rechnenden mit wenigen Fehlern. Das Vorwissen und das verschachtelte Lernen begünstigten den Übergang zu den flexibel Rechnenden.
Förderung ab Geburt mit dem Programm «PAT – Mit Eltern Lernen»: Effekte im ersten Kindergartenjahr
Authors: Schaub Simone , Eberli Ramona , Ramseier Erich , Neuhauser Alex , Lanfranchi Andrea
Published: July 2021

Die RCT-Studie ZEPPELIN untersucht die Wirksamkeit des Programms «PAT – Mit Eltern lernen» rund um Zürich. 132 Familien mit psychosozialen Belastungen (z.B. Armut und Migration) wurden während der ersten drei Lebensjahre ihrer Kinder zu Hause unterstützt. Die 116 Familien der Kontrollgruppe erhielten neben den allgemeinen Angeboten der Gemeinden keine Intervention. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass die frühe Förderung auch zwei Jahre nach Programmende weiterwirkt. Im ersten Kindergartenjahr zeigten die Kinder mit PAT bessere Deutschkompetenzen, höhere Selbstregulation und weniger Verhaltensprobleme. Keine Effekte fanden sich dagegen hinsichtlich Intelligenz und Mathematikkompetenzen. Diese Ergebnisse sind angesichts des langfristigen Ziels, die Bildungschancen durch Massnahmen der frühen Bildung zu erhöhen, bedeutsam.
Impact of Augmented Reality on Vocabulary Acquisition and Retention
Authors: Tyson Megan
Published: July 2021

The present study investigated the impact teaching academic vocabulary through an augmented reality (AR) approach had on acquisition and retention as compared to using a more traditional flash card based approach. 29 high school students ranging from 9th to 11th grade followed the pattern of a 10 word vocabulary pre-test, being taught those words through respective alternating AR and traditional vocabulary methods, and post-tested one week from the date of teaching. At the end of the testing and teaching process, the unit scores were compared to find if any differences occurred. Analysis revealed that there is a significant difference between the two teaching methods. Participants scored better in the AR unit as compared to the traditional unit. Furthermore, participants also reported greater satisfaction with the AR method because it held their attention, gave them something to focus on, and was overall more engaging. Comparatively, participants found the traditional method not engaging, however, they were comfortable with the traditional method because it is what they are comfortable with in the classroom. Given the curiosity of using AR in the classroom, more research could be conducted to find patterns in participant performance across all academic content areas as well as other uses for AR in the classroom. 
Legal regulation of medical waste disposal in foreign law
Authors: Khamitova G. M. , Khabirov A. I.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The article considers international and national experience in legal regulation of medical waste disposal. The special attention is given to foreign experience and possibility of application and perfection of the legislation on medical waste recycling in the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. Realization of research tasks has been reached on the basis of studying theoretical and practical experience of foreign countries concerning regulation of medical waste utilization. The study is based on the method of analysis of the current regulatory and legal framework in the Russian Federation, the practice of applying the legislation by judicial and other competent authorities and existing European (world) standards for the purposes of legal unification. Study results. In the article experience of the foreign countries concerning legal regulation of medical waste recycling, presented in the works of foreign and domestic researchers, the legislation of foreign countries is considered; the analysis of the sources regulating recycling of medical waste is conducted; various concepts of classifications of medical waste are revealed.

Discussion and conclusions. The study showed that polymorphism of medical waste is both an epidemiological and environmental hazard. The problem is compounded by the potential hazards that arise from contact with these wastes, such as toxicity, radioactivity and infection. This is why environmental and environmental legislation is of particular importance, along with health and sanitary legislation. These legal norms should be taken into account by medical institutions when developing procedures for handling hospital waste. On the basis of the above-stated it seems expedient to study the experience of developed countries, in particular of the USA and the European states, concerning legal regulation of utilization of medical wastes as the problem of safe handling of medical wastes is important for each subject of the Russian Federation.
«Poverty» trilemma through victimization concept
Authors: Sergeeva M. V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The concept of poverty is multifaceted. It develops along with the idea of growing importance of the individual in economic relations. Considering approaches to poverty in the context of various vectors of understanding, we can identify three main scientific directions of thought development: economic-sociological, psychological and political vectors. The paper considers the main features of the above-mentioned approaches with their contradictions and with special focus on the role of victimization within the vectors.

Materials and methods: The methodology of the work is based on the general theoretical views of Russian and foreign authors pertaining to the concept of "poverty" and its significance in economic and political science. Psychological view is also studied.

The results of the study: The presented vectors (economic-sociological, psychological, and political) are found to have some contradictions between them, either explicit or implicit. However comparing the approaches from the victimization point of view it is possible to say that the vectors in question complement each other, offering to the analysis new facets of victimization of the poor population which in turn go into the basis of poverty definitions. Therefore, it brings forward the question of the relationship between the identified types of victimization through the interdisciplinary approach’s perspective and/or in terms of their assessment.

The studied vectors were also differentiated by the criterion of victimization. Thus, within the framework of the analysis of the political vector, the following understanding of poverty was introduced: poverty is a victimization state of a person, which determines their inability to use their civil rights. It can be assumed that the contradictions found will be solved by developing a general structure of interaction of the considered vectors that explains the mechanisms of mutual influence of the considered vectors, covers all aspects of "poverty" and reflects the ways of interaction of different victimization types with respect to different vectors and/or in general.

Discussion and conclusion: The study of poverty in economic-sociological, political or psychological perspective requires not only scientific differentiation, but also a terminological differentiation with respect to legal definitions, in particular, pertaining to the poor, very poor (almspersons) and indigent population.
Bilateral Orbital Extension of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Masquerading as Burkitt Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors:   Yaounde Central Hospital, Department Of Ophthalmology, Faculty Of Medicine And Biomedical Sciences, University Of Yaoundé, PO Box 1364, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Mvilongo Caroline
Published: July 2021

We report the case of a three-year-old girl with left sided facial swelling and proptosis as the initial presentation of bilateral orbit involving Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Cameroon. Despite being less typical in childhood, AML is the most common leukemia to cause orbital leukemic tumors. Solid extramedullary AML involves the orbit in 30% of cases and is bilateral in one third patients
Personalized Glaucoma Medication Compounding Reduces Intraocular Pressure and May Increase Adherence and Affordability
Authors:   Advanced Eye Care Of New York, 49 West 127th Street, NY, NY 10027, United States, Laroche Daniel
Published: July 2021

We report results from four glaucoma patients on multiple topical medications who refused or failed interventional surgery and opted for in-office medication compounding (n=4). Topical medications with preservatives were compounded into one 10ml-bottle under sterile conditions. Patients used one drop of the compounded solution twice daily. Patients demonstrated significantly reduced IOP and self-reported better compliance after 3 months of use
The Role of Trauma CT in Sus- pected Intra - Abdominal Injury - A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK, Mullen Emma
Published: July 2021

Despite Computerised Tomography (CT) becoming the standard primary investigation when managing severe trauma, most clinical guidelines do not recommend it in haemodynamically unstable patients. The inherent time delay and clinical setting associated with the investigation has warranted it the nickname of “tunnel of death”.
Oral Mucosa Lichen Planus: Case Presentation
Authors:   Specialist in General Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Rob Ferreira Hospital, Nelspruit Mpumalanga, South Africa, Varona Leroy Olaechea
Published: July 2021

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory and immune disease that affects the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes. It is characterized by polygonal, flat-topped, violaceous papules and plaques with overlying, reticulated, fine white scale (Wickham’s striae), commonly affecting dorsal hands, flexural wrists and forearms, trunk, anterior lower legs and mucosa membranes
Diagnóstico de necesidades de formación de profesores noveles de educación primaria en Baja California
Authors: Cordero Arroyo Graciela , García-Poyato Falcón Jihan , Rivera Ceseña Karen Patricia , Figueroa Carranza Karla , Gastelum Gutiérrez Guadalupe , Almaraz Núñez Silvia
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de un diagnóstico de necesidades de formación de profesores noveles de primaria realizado por dos Escuelas Normales de Baja California. La investigación se desarrolló con un enfoque mixto secuencial en tres etapas: 1) definición de las dimensiones del constructo; 2) obtención de evidencias de validez del instrumento y 3) aplicación del cuestionario. El cuestionario se aplicó a 1,010 docentes con hasta cinco años de experiencia laboral. Los profesores solicitan formación en tres temáticas principalmente: Inclusión educativa, Responsabilidad legal y actuación ética, y Convivencia escolar. Se concluye que el artículo aporta un instrumento válido y confiable para el diagnóstico de necesidades de formación y contribuye al conocimiento del perfil del profesorado novel en nuestro país. Asimismo, sus resultados retroalimentan los planes de estudio de la Licenciatura en Educación y pueden contribuir en el diseño e implantación de políticas para la formación continua de docentes a nivel estatal, basadas en los resulta-dos de la investigación.
Supervisores escolares. Trayectorias, sensibilidades y disposiciones al acompañamiento pedagógico
Authors: Ruvalcaba Valdés Tania C.
Published: July 2021

Supervisores escolares. Trayectorias, sensibilidades y disposiciones al acompañamiento pedagógico. México: Colofón, 225 p. ISBN: 978-607-8622-86-3.
Educational robotics and STEAM in early childhood education
Authors:   Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patra, Greece, Chaldi Dimitra , Mantzanidou Garyfalia ,   Kindergarten of Drepano, Koimiseos Theotokou, Drepano, Greece
Published: July 2021

The interest in the future configuration, focusing on the innovative technologies and more specifically on STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Math), is remarkably increased. The value of STEAM education is undeniable as a means of developing basic skills and competencies of young students improving the learning process, developing communication skills, and solving real-life difficulties. The current research study was completed in the context of an actual learning process, with the view to study educational robotics in kindergarten students to engage them with STEAM education, using the programmable robot Bee-Bot® initially. The didactic intervention was held, which was developed in two phases. More specifically, a sample of 12 children (age range: 5–6 years old) took part in an intensive educational robotics lab for 16 sessions (4 weeks) by using a bee-shaped robot called Bee-Bot®. The results of our current research study revealed that STEAM education could also take place in a speech therapy clinic using the appropriate educational robots. Our young students developed and mastered knowledge in programming and computerizing, and algorithmic thinking with playful mod using educational robots, and they also built their vocabulary and develop communication skills.
Management of lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy: Results of an Iberian-Latin American survey
Authors: Quinteros Guisela , Yurac Ratko , Zamorano Juan José , Díez-Ulloa Máximo-Alberto , Pudles Edson , Marré Bartolomé A.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH)/radiculopathy is the most frequent cause of lost workdays in people under 50 years of age. Although there is consensus about how to assess these patients, the optimal management strategy is still debated.

Methods:

An online survey was sent to spine surgeons who are members of the Iberian-Latin American Spine Society to assess how they treat LDH with radiculopathy.

Results:

There were 718 surgeons who answered the survey; 66% reported that 76–100% of their monthly clinic work was due to spine issues. The most frequently used conservative treatment modalities included non-opioid analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (90.5%), followed by physical therapy (55.2%) and pregabalin (41.4%). Notably, 40% of surgeons in the public sector believed that conservative treatment failed if symptoms persisted beyond 6–12 weeks, while 39% of private surgeons deemed conservative management insufficient if it had failed to provide symptomatic relief with 3–6 weeks. Of interest, 78% utilized epidural steroid injections (ESI); 51.7% preferred the transforaminal, 27.2% the interlaminar, and 7.5% the caudal approaches. The most frequent indications for surgery included: cauda equina syndrome, progressive neurological deficits, and intractable pain. Traditional microdiscectomy was the most common technique (68.5%) utilized, followed by 7.5% advocating endoscopic disc resection, and just 6.4% favoring the tubular discectomy.

Conclusion:

There is considerable heterogeneity among Iberian and Latin American spine surgeons in the treatment of LDH/radiculopathy. Although most begin with the utilization of NSAIDs and non-opioid analgesics, followed by ESI (88%), surgery was recommended for persistent symptoms/signs for those failing between 3 and 6 weeks (private sector) versus 6–12 weeks (public sector) of conservative therapy.
Achondroplasia with seronegative spondyloarthropathy resulting in recurrent spinal stenosis : A case report
Authors: Sakhrekar Rajendra , Hadgaonkar Shailesh , Hadgaonkar Manisha , Sancheti Parag , Shyam Ashok
Published: July 2021

Background:

Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant condition caused by the G380 mutation of the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 on chromosome 4P. The classical findings include rhizomelic extremities, short stature, and spinal stenosis involving the upper cervical and distal lumbar spine. Rarely, achondroplasia coexisting with seronegative spondyloarthropathy can result in recurrent canal stenosis. Here, we report a 36-year-old male with symptomatic recurrent L3-L4 spinal stenosis 9 years following an original L2-S1 lumbar decompression for stenosis.

Case Description:

A 36-year-old male with achondroplasia (height of 113 cm and weight 43 kg [BMI-33.7]) presented with low back and right lower extremity sciatica (ODI 39). He had achondroplasia with a short stature. Nine years ago, he had an L2-S1 laminectomy for decompression of stenosis. When the new MRI revealed recurrent severe L3-4 stenosis, he underwent a repeated L3-L4 decompression with fusion. One year later, the patient was neurologically intact with radiographic confirmation of adequate L3-L4 arthrodesis.

Conclusion:

A 36-year-old male with achondroplasia and a history 9 years ago of an L2-S1 laminectomy for stenosis, presented with symptoms and signs of recurrent L3-L4 stenosis that responded to repeated decompression and fusion.
Cerebral vasospasm and hypoperfusion after traumatic brain injury: Combined CT angiography and CT perfusion imaging study
Authors: Maegawa Tatsuya , Sasahara Atsushi , Ohbuchi Hidenori , Chernov Mikhail , Kasuya Hidetoshi
Published: July 2021

Background:

Timely identification of the cerebral perfusion abnormalities after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly important. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the post traumatic vasospasm and cerebral hypoperfusion with the serial combined CT angiography (CTA) and CT perfusion (CTP) imaging examinations.

Methods:

The case series comprised 25 adult patients with closed TBI accompanied by various types of intracranial hematoma. Emergency surgery was done in 15 cases (60%). Combined CTA and CTP were performed on days 0 (D0) and 7 ± 1 (D7) after trauma.

Results:

CTA on D0 did not demonstrate vasospasm in any case but revealed it on D7 in 9 patients (36%). In the multivariate analysis, only the presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on D7 had confirmed a significant association with the development of vasospasm (P= 0.0201). Cerebral hypoperfusion at least in one evaluated brain region was noted on D0 and D7 in 76% and 60% of patients, respectively, and showed highly variable spatial distribution and temporal development. Treatment results were not associated with the presence of vasospasm (P= 0.7337) or the number of brain regions affected by hypoperfusion on D0 (P= 0.2285), but the number of brain regions affected by hypoperfusion on D7 was significantly greater in cases of unfavorable outcome (P= 0.0187).

Conclusion:

Vasospasm is merely related to SAH sustained at the subacute stage of TBI, but its spatial and temporary interrelationships with the post traumatic cerebral hypoperfusion are complex. Serial combined CTA and CTP examinations may facilitate monitoring of perfusion abnormalities and treatment guidance.
Model of development, prevention and treatment of oral lichen planus. Part II
Authors: Orekhova L. Yu. , Osipova M. V. , Ladyko А. А.
Published: July 2021

Relevance.Currently, system-wide patterns of development, progression of oral lichen planus have not been studied enough. The questions of substantiation of expedient therapeutic and prophylactic measures for this disease with characteristic risk factors have not been worked out in many respects.

Purpose.Identifcation of new system-wide regularities of oral lichen planus based on the development of a model for its development, prevention and treatment.

Materials and methods.The study design included: the development of a model for the development, progression, prevention and treatment of oral lichen planus; clinical dental examination of 350 patients with oral lichen planus (the diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical data and the results of ﬂuorescent diagnostics); evaluation of the effectiveness of a set of measures, including the prescription of drugs (Imudon, Kudesan, Tenoten).

Results.New system-wide regularities of lichen planus are revealed. For the frst time, the relative frequencies and intensities of transitions of various forms of lichen planus from one to another are estimated. A method is proposed for estimating the moment of saturation of the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of a complex of measures on the oral mucosa with lichen planus using ﬂuorescent diagnostics. The temporal characteristics of this moment were determined during the performance of the therapeutic and prophylactic complex.

Summary.The developed model will allow, without signifcant time and material costs, justify therapeutic and prophylactic measures that are expedient for various groups of the population in case of oral lichen planus of the oral mucosa.
The use of fiberotomy patients before and after orthodontic treatment tight regulations incisors
Authors: Kulakov S. A. , Bayrikov I. M. , Postnikov M. A. , Pankratova N. V. , Ustina M. V.
Published: July 2021

Relevance of the research topic. The frequency of the spread of the crowded position of the teeth in the frontal parts of the jaws among other dental anomalies, according to R. Ferro (2016) is 48% of the number of all examined by him. Due to the wide prevalence of anomalies in the optimization of orthodontic treatment of patients with a crowded position of the teeth continue to attract researchers. Studies of a number of authors have shown, the prevalence of malocclusion is an average of 33.7 per cent. The frequency of anomalies of occlusion, combined with the close position of the teeth in the anterior region is increased to 59-73%. The role of the third molars in the formation of the crowded position of the teeth continues to be clarifed. The goal is to increase the effciency of orthodontic treatment of patients with kuchennym the position of the teeth in the frontal parts of the jaws due to ulzibat and vibropneumotables.

Materials and methods. In the study, analysis of histological preparations 35 patients aged 16-25 with kuchennym position of the cutters who underwent orthodontic treatment by the conventional method with the use of permanent equipment. Three groups were identifed: 1st-control, 2nd-before applying non – removable equipment performed fbrotomy and 3rd-after removal of non – removable equipment performed fbrotomy according to the standard procedure in the Department of maxillofacial surgery and dentistry Sammu. Results. In the examined three groups of patients, the revealed structural changes in the gingival mucosa indicate its damage and the presence of chronic productive inﬂammation as a response to physiological response to hardware orthodontic treatment. The results of comparison of microphotographs of multilayer ﬂat epithelium of the mucous membrane of the alveolar process of the jaws in three groups of patients were the answer to the task of the study.

Summary. The histological structure of the attached mucous-periosteal cover of the alveolar process of the upper and lower jaw in the area of the crowded position of the teeth before orthodontic treatment was studied for the frst time with the help of morphological methods of research this allowed to reveal distinctive morphological features in this group of patients. In the comparative aspect, the morphological structure of the mucous-periosteal cover of the alveolar process of the upper and lower jaw after orthodontic treatment and in the retention period in the main and control groups of patients was studied, which deepened the knowledge of the processes of ligamentous apparatus restructuring depending on the method of treatment.