bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Multiple Acromion Morphological Parameters on Radiographs in a Chinese Population
Authors: Yu Mingyang , Zhu Xiaoming , Zhao Shilong , De Ailing , Zhang Yao , Guo Lin , Li Dongyi , Tian Fengde , An Ning , Hao Ruihu , Wang Changcheng
Published: February 2020

Background

Previous clinical studies have reported associations between the acromion index (AI), lateral acromion angle (LAA), and critical shoulder angle (CSA) and the occurrence of rotator cuff tears. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlations of these different anatomic parameters.

Materials and Methods

Healthy Chinese participants ( n = 66) and Chinese patients with rotator cuff tears ( n = 70) identified between January 2014 and October 2015 were included in this study. Standardized true anteroposterior radiographs were used to measure the AI, LAA, and CSA in each study participant.

Results

The mean AI was significantly larger (0.71 standard deviation [SD], 0.05; range 0.58–0.89 vs. 0.64 SD, 0.06; range 0.55–0.78; P < 0.001), the mean LAA was significantly smaller (77.0° SD, 5.73; range 61.0°–94.5° vs. 82.0° SD, 7.33; range 67.6°–98.3°; P < 0.001), and the mean CSA was significantly larger (36.1° SD, 5.29; range 21.3°–42.4° vs. 31.6° SD, 5.29; range 21.4°–45.8°; P < 0.001) in patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears compared with healthy participants.

Conclusions

There were a negative linear relationship between the AI and LAA (rotator cuff tears: R = −0.759, P < 0.01; healthy participants: R = −0.813, P < 0.01) and a positive linear relationship between the AI and CSA (rotator cuff tears: R = 0.854, P < 0.01; healthy participants: R = 0.912, P < 0.01) in patients with rotator cuff tear and healthy participants; we termed this phenomenon “The Acromion Rule.” The AI, LAA, and CSA are independent predictors of rotator cuff tears in a Chinese population.
Falls efficacy instruments for community-dwelling older adults: A COSMIN-based systematic review
Authors: Soh Shawn Leng-Hsien , Lane Judith , Xu Tim Tianma , Gleeson Nigel , Tan Chee-Wee
Published: February 2020

Background Falls efficacy is a widely-studied latent construct in community-dwelling older adults. Various self-reported instruments have been used to measure falls efficacy. Empirical evidence is needed to justify the selection of a specific instrument to measure the intended construct. Methods To summarize evidence on the development, content validity and structural validity of instruments measuring falls efficacy in community-dwelling older adults using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL were searched (May 2019). Records on the development of instruments and studies assessing content validity or structural validity of falls efficacy related scales were included. COSMIN methodology was used to guide the review of eligible studies and assessed their methodological quality. Evidence of content validity: relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility and unidimensionality for structural validity were synthesized. A modified GRADE approach was applied to evidence synthesis. Results 35 studies, which had 18 instruments identified, were included in the review. High-quality evidence showed that the modified Falls Efficacy Scale (FES)–13 items (mFES-13) has sufficient relevance but insufficient comprehensiveness for measuring falls efficacy. Moderate quality evidence supported the FES-10 has sufficient relevance and mFES-14 has sufficient comprehensibility. Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale–Simplified (ABC-15) has sufficient relevance to measuring balance confidence supported by moderate-quality evidence. Low to very low quality evidence underpinned the content validity of other instruments. High-quality evidence supported sufficient unidimensionality for eight instruments (FES-10, mFES-14, ABC-6, ABC-15, ABC-16, Iconographical FES (Icon-FES), FES–International (FES-I) and Perceived Ability to Prevent and Manage Fall Risks (PAPMFR)). Conclusion Content validity of instruments to measure falls efficacy is understudied. Structural validity is sufficient for a number of widely-used instruments. Measuring balance confidence is a subset of falls efficacy. Further work is needed to investigate a broader construct of falls efficacy.
Quality of Life in Patients With Psoriasis Seen in the Department of Dermatology, Antananarivo Madagascar.
Authors: Sendrasoa Fandresena Arilala , Volatantely Ratovonjanahary , Harinjara Razanakoto Naina , Onivola Raharolahy , Fifaliana Rakotoarisaona Mendrika , Avotriniaina Rakotonaivo Niriantsoa , Malalaniaina Andrianarison , Moril Sata , Mamisoa Ranaivo Irina , Soavina Ramarozatovo Lala , Fahafahantsoa Rapelanoro Rabenja
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory and multifactorial dermatosis that impairs quality of life (QoL). Health-related QoL has become an important element in medical decision making along with the effectiveness and the harmlessness of the treatments.OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of psoriasis in the QoL of patients with psoriasis by using the DLQI scales.METHODS: A cross-sectional study, during ten months, was conducted in the Department of Dermatology of the University Hospital Joseph Raseta Befelatanana Antananarivo Madagascar including patients more than 15 years-old with moderate to severe psoriasis. The severity of psoriasis was assessed using the “Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)”. QoL of patients with psoriasis was evaluated by using the DLQI scales.RESULTS: 80 patients were included, their mean age was 36,52 years and the male to female was 1,5:1. The mean DLQI score was 13,85. Symptoms, feelings and psychic were the most altered dimensions. QoL was impaired in young patients, single, having medium level education. Even though patients with disease duration more than 5 years had higher DLQI score than other patients, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0,36). Furthermore, clinical presentation of psoriasis didn’t influence patient’s QoL (p=0,73). Patients with nail involvement had QoL impaired but the difference with another localization was not statistically significant (p=0,2).The quality of life was influenced by body area involved. The higher the body surface area involved, the more QoL is impaired (p=0,002). Furthermore, the higher the PASI, the more QoL is altered (p=0,002).CONCLUSION: Psoriasis has a negative impact in the quality of life in Malagasy patients with psoriasis, especially in younger and single patients. Worse quality of life is correlated to severity of psoriasis.
Distinctive nursing practices in working with mothers to care for hospitalised children at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a descriptive observational study
Authors: North Natasha , Leonard Angela , Bonaconsa Candice , Duma Thobeka , Coetzee Minette
Published: February 2020

Background: The presence of family members and their active involvement in caring for hospitalised children is an established practice in many African paediatric settings, with family members often regarded as a resource. This aspect of African paediatric nursing practice lacks formal expression or a clear conceptual basis, and difficulties arise when applying concepts of family involvement originating from the higher-resourced and culturally distinct practice environments of the global North. The aim of this study was to articulate a nurse-led practice innovation intended to facilitate family involvement in the care of hospitalised children, observed in a paediatric inpatient ward in a district hospital in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Methods: A qualitative case study design was used. Data collection included visual research methods (graphic facilitation, sociograms and photo-elicitation) as well as a focus group, interviews and practice observation. Activities associated with 20 nurses and 22 mother-child dyads were observed. Data were subjected to content analysis, with Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) applied. Results: Findings relate to six aspects of practice, categorised thematically as: preserving the mother-child pair; enabling continuous presence; psychological support and empathy; sharing knowledge; mothers as a resource; and belief and trust. Conclusion: The nursing practices and organisational policies observed in this setting relating to the facilitation of continuous maternal presence represent a distinctive nursing practice innovation. This deliberate practice contrasts with models of care provision which originate in the global North, such as Family Centred Care, and contrasts with informal practices in local African settings which tolerate the presence of mothers in other settings, as well as local institutional policies which limit mothers’ presence to varying extents.
EBV Viral Load in Tumor Cells Did Not Predict Tumor Extensiveness in Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Gondhowiardjo Soehartati A , Handoko Handoko , Adham Marlinda , Rachmadi Lisnawati , Kodrat Henry , Tobing Demak Lumban , Haryoga I Made , Dwiyono Agustinus Gatot , Kristian Yoseph Adi , Permata Tiara Bunga Mayang , Oike Takahiro
Published: February 2020

Background:Nasopharyngeal cancer is commonly associated with EBV infection, especially the undifferentiated non keratinized histology. EBV DNA quantification through nasopharyngeal brushing was previously reported not related with disease stages. This study aimed to reinvestigate relationship of EBV viral load in tumor tissue with tumor extensiveness by more accurate EBV DNA quantification through microscopically confirmed tumor cells from nasopharyngeal biopsy. Method:The specimens for EBV DNA quantification was derived from histopathology slides which was pre-treated following QIAsymphony® SP Protocol for tissue DNA extraction. Then the extracted DNA underwent real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using artus® EBV RG PCR Kit for EBV DNA quantification. The tumor volume was determined by delineating gross tumor based on 3D imaging of the patient’s nasopharynx.Result:Twenty-four subjects were included in this study. All subjects were stage III and above with more males (75%) than females. EBV viral load in tumor cells were found to have no correlation with tumor volume both in local and nodal. The median local tumor volume was 81.3 cm3 ± 80 cm3. The median EBV viral load in tumor cells was 95,644.8 copies/100ng of DNA ± 224,758.4 copies/100ng of DNA. The median nodal or regional tumor volume was 35.7 cm3 ± 73.63 cm3.Conclusion:EBV viral load from tumor cells from nasopharyngeal biopsy has no relationship with tumor extensiveness in nasopharyngeal cancer. The presence and number of EBV in tumor cells did not translate into larger or smaller tumor. The EBV viral proteins and RNAs were perhaps more likely to confer some prognostic information due to the facts that those molecules were related with carcinogenesis.
Association between estradiol and idiopathic macular hole in postmenopausal women
Authors: Xiao Kang , Xue Rong , Wan Guang-Ming
Published: February 2020

Background Estradiol, a predominant female sex hormone, is not only related to reproductive function but also to the ocular disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between estradiol and idiopathic macular hole (IMH) in postmenopausal women. Method This study included 30 postmenopausal patients with IMH for the study group and 32 postmenopausal patients with uncomplicated primary retinal detachment for the control group. The two groups were compared of serum and vitreous estradiol levels, and clinical variables. Results There was no statistically significant difference in age between the two groups (P = 0.071). Estradiol in the serum was lower in subjects with idiopathic macular hole than that in control participants (18.9 ± 4.5 vs. 43.7 ± 6.1 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Estradiol in the vitreous body was higher in the study group than in the controls (121.2 ± 41.6 vs. 79.8 ± 10.1 pg/mL, P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between serum estradiol and vitreous estradiol (r = - 0.440, P < 0.001). Conclusion Lower estradiol levels in the serum and higher estradiol levels in the vitreous body after menopause are associated with the occurrence of idiopathic macular hole in postmenopausal women.
The fiscal value of human lives lost from Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China
Authors: Kirigia Joses M. , Muthuri Rosenabi Deborah Karimi
Published: February 2020

Objective: According to the WHO novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report 16, as at 5 th February 2020, there was a total of 24363 confirmed 2019-nCoV cases in China. That consisted of the world 491. The specific objective of this study was to estimate, using human capital approach, the fiscal value of human lives lost due to 2019-nCoV in China as at 5 th February 2020. Results: The deaths from 2019-nCoV had a discounted (at 3%) total fiscal value of Int$174,895,675. Out of which, 63.2% was borne by people aged 25-49 years, 27.8% by people aged 50-64 years, and 9.0% by people aged 65 years and above. Average fiscal value per death was Int$ 356,203. Re-estimation of the economic model alternately with 5% and 10 discount rates led to a reduction in the expected total fiscal value by 21.3% and 50.4%, respectively. Furthermore, re-estimation of the economic model using the Japanese female life expectancy of 87.1 years (highest in the world), instead of the national life expectancy of 76.4 years, increased the total fiscal value by Int$ 43,415,455 (24.8%).
Unknown Documents of 1734 About Swedish Citizens Taken Into Serfdom
Authors: Degtyarev Serhii I. , Molchanova Violetta S.
Published: February 2020

This work is devoted to the publication and analysis of two previously unknown handwritten documents of 1734. These documents contain information on several persons of Swedish nationality, which were illegally taken out by the Russian nobleman I. Popov during the Northern War from the territory of Sweden. Materials are stored in the State Archives of the Sumy region. They are part of the archival case of Okhtyrka District Court, but they are not thematically connected with it. These documents were once part of a much larger complex of materials. They refer to the request of former Swedish nationals to release them from serfdom from the Belgorod and Kursk landlords Popov and Dolgintsev. The further fate of these people remained unknown. But it is known that they were mistreated by their masters. Russian legislation at the time prohibited such treatment of persons of Swedish nationality. This was discussed in terms of the peace agreement Nishtadskoyi 1721. The two documents revealed illustrate the episodes of the lives of several foreigners who were captured. The analyzed materials give an opportunity to look at a historical phenomenon like a serfdom in the territory of the Russian Empire under a new angle. They allow us to study one of the ways to replenish the serfs. Documents can also be used as a source for the study of some aspects of social history, in biographical studies. The authors noted that the conversion to the property of the enslaved people of other nationalities was a very common practice in the XVII-XIX centuries. This source of replenishment of the dependent population groups were popular in many nations in Europe, Asia and Africa since ancient times. For example, in the Crimean Khanate, Turkey, Italy, Egypt, the nations of the Caucasus and many others.
Кeywords: Sweden, Russian Empire, historical source, documents, Russo-Swedish War, Nistadt Treaty, Viborg, Swedish citizens, enslavement, serfdom.
Assessment of government debt security of emerging markets: theory and practice
Authors: Koilo Viktoriia , Ryabushka Lyudmila , Kubakh Tatiana , Halik Jaroslav
Published: February 2020

This study came to inspect a new approach to the government debt security assessment based on the systematization of indicators in terms of four directions: solvency, liquidity, domestic indebtedness, and external indebtedness. The proposed methodology considers the weaknesses, which negatively affect the level of government debt security. It was established that in 2014−2016 the level of security at emerging markets was the worst. The main reason was insufficient solvency. Also, the obtained results showed that the general assessment of domestic indebtedness in recent years had a more dangerous level than the external one. In addition, it was revealed that similar problems with the level of debt burden are also presented in the EU countries since the value of the analyzed indicator – general government debt to GDP – exceeds 60%. It is recommended to consider the experience of debt management reform of new members of the EU and, at the same time, post-socialist countries by other emerging economies.
Influence of public relations’ media public enlightenment campaign and community participation strategies on waste management
Authors: N. Nmere Obasi , O. Okolo Victor , O. Abugu James , Chukwubuzo Alio Felix , C. Anetoh John
Published: February 2020

Waste management has posed a lot of threats to both humanity and the stability of the natural environment. This study specifically investigated whether public relations’ media enlightenment campaign has any significant influence on waste management and also studied whether public relations’ community participation has any significant influence on waste management. The population of the study consists of residents of Enugu metropolis. Survey method was adopted for the study, and the sample size of 384 residents were determined using Cochran’s method. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to determine the reliability of 0.980. Using the convenience sampling technique, the questionnaires were distributed to 384 residents, and 295 of them were duly filled and validated. Using simple linear regression for data analysis, the findings revealed that public relations’ media public enlightenment campaign strategy has a significant influence on waste management (r = 0.933; t = 76.736; F = 5888.365; p < 0.05). Similarly, it was revealed that public relations’ community participation strategy has a significant influence on waste management (r = 0.930; t = 76.280; F = 5667.029; p < 0.05). Ergo, there is a need to improve on media public enlightenment campaign strategy towards educating and encouraging waste management behavior among residents through an adequate traditional and social media awareness campaign. Also, residents should be encouraged to participate actively and meaningfully in environmental waste management issues in Enugu metropolis. The implication is that residents will be more conscious of managing their wastes effectively as a result of adequate information gathering from the media and participation in waste management activities.
AcknowledgmentIn the course of this study, a few research assistants contributed immensely in gathering primary data from the districts where the study was conducted. They include Ayogu Victor, Ayogu Boniface, Okolo Valentine, and Agu O. Agu.
Batch studies of phosphonate adsorption on granular ferric hydroxides
Authors: Reinhardt T. , Gómez Elordi M. , Minke R. , Schönberger H. , Rott E.
Published: February 2020

Phosphonates are widely used in various industries. It is desirable to remove them before discharging phosphonate-containing wastewater. This study describes a large number of batch experiments with adsorbents that are likely suitable for the removal of phosphonates. For this, adsorption isotherms for four different granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) adsorbents were determined at different pH values in order to identify the best performing material. Additionally, the influence of temperature was studied for this GFH. A maximum loading for nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid (NTMP) was found to be ∼12 mg P/g with an initial concentration of 1 mg/L NTMP-P and a contact time of 7 days at room temperature. Then, the adsorption of six different phosphonates was investigated as a function of pH. It was shown that GFH could be used to remove all investigated phosphonates from water and, with an increasing pH, the adsorption capacity decreased for all six phosphonates. Finally, five adsorption–desorption cycles were carried out to check the suitability of the material for multiple re-use. Even after five cycles, the adsorption process still performed well.
ARCTIC AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUT IN THE INSTITUTIONAL MODERNIZATION OF RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Stepanov N. S.
Published: February 2020

Interest to the territory of the Arctic can be explained due to its great natural resources — water, energy, mineral and the prospects for the mastering of these resources and the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), the transformation of this infrastructure project into a convenient global transport artery with a competitive potential. Although the division of the Arctic into sectors was accepted by the world community in 1926, the latest discoveries of the largest oil and gas fields radically changed the situation — a fierce struggle began for the recognition of the legal rights of certain individual circumpolar states, including Russia, over these stocks. Environmental problems are particularly acute, since the natural environment is the basis of life for the indigenous peoples of the North. A number of specialized international organizations were created with the aim to protect the unique natural landscape of the arctic northern polar zone. Special attention is paid to the origins and the present situation with the icebreaker fleet, organizational and legal problems, constraining transits and regional transportation along the Northern Sea Route and its subsequent fate. As a positive example of international cooperation, the paper indicates to the commissioning of the «Yamal SPG» liquefied gas production plant and to the construction of the Sabetta seaport. Now the bottleneck of the infrastructure of the NSR is the shortage of ports, capable of accept high-capacity vessels and equipped with large container terminals.
NORTHEAST ASIA STRATEGIC PLANNING PRACTICES
Authors: Mikheev V. V. , Ignatev S. V.
Published: February 2020

Currently, the topic of strategic planning is very relevant for Russia. This applies not only foreign policy, but also certain economic, social, and humanitarian areas, which are all crucial for the development of the country. In this regard, it is interesting to study the world experience, in particular the experience of the Asian region countries. The article is devoted to analysis of the main components of the strategic planning of socio-economic and political development in China, Japan, and South Korea. This study is carried out with the help of a comprehensive study of the fundamental foreign policy documents of the above countries. The authors pay special attention to analyzing the latest Chinese  initiatives of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Maritime Silk Road Initiative of the XXI century, their possible link with similar Japanese, Russian and South Korean initiatives, problems and difficulties in their implementation. The authors express their vision of practical opportunities and risks for Russia in the light of new trends in strategic planning in the countries of the studied region.
THE ARKHANGELSK REGION AS AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH AND THE WESTERN GATE OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUT
Authors: Stepanov N. S.
Published: February 2020

The Arkhangelsk region is one of 11 regions of the Russian Federation within the North-West Federal District (NWFD), which unites two economic regions — the North and North-West. Today it represents the largest region of the whole European part of Russia. The article discusses the changing role of the Archangelsk lands in the historical context and their ability to develop in the modern, sometimes not always simple conditions of globalization of the world economy, where international cooperation comes to the fore, based mainly in this particular case on the export of natural resources, which are rich territory. At this time, the economic activity of the Arkhangelsk region is characterized by the predominant raw material component. Based on this, the most important strategic goal is the reorientation of the regional economy to the production of products of deeper processing and to a certain extent with high added value. This refers to the processing industry. The author pays great attention to the problems of small business in local conditions and focuses on such leading segments of the entire industrial complex as the forest industry and shipbuilding. Due to its geographical position, which is favorable from many points of view, the port city of Arkhangelsk itself is considered as a base for the development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation and the further effective use of the Northern Sea Route (NSR). Sincere concern to the creator of the article is caused by the environmental problems of the Arkhangelsk region and measures taken to protect the environment.
INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN RUSSIAN REGIONS
Authors: Nikonova M. A.
Published: February 2020

The transition to a market economy in the 1990s led to a significant reduction in the number of R&D organizations, especially R&D departments and survey organizations, as well as in the number of R&D personnel and especially researchers. This was largely due to the outflow of competitive personnel, technology and capital from the country. These changes, which led to a decrease in the level of scientific potential of the country, the effectiveness of innovation, the aggravation of the problem of continuity in science have become a factor limiting the transition to innovative development of the Russian economy. An additional factor complicating the transition to a knowledge-based economy today is the low demand of domestic industry for innovations developed in Russia, an unsatisfactory investment climate for attracting private business to R&D. The article on the basis of the analysis of the relevant indicators identified the main problems that reduce the innovative activity of the regions of Russia, and proposed measures to overcome them.
FORMATS, FEATURES AND PROSPECTS OF RUSSIAN PARLIAMENTARY DIPLOMACY IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION
Authors: Voda K. R.
Published: February 2020

The study of the formats of the international activities of the Russian parliament in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) is relevant as Russia is currently looking for ways to increase its international influence and expand the channels of interstate communications. The article evaluates bilateral inter-parliamentary ties between Russia and the leading regional powers — China and Japan. It concludes that Russia’s inter-parliamentary ties with these countries follow the foreign policy implemented by the executive. The article also analyzes Russia’s participation in regional inter-parliamentary institutions — the Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum and the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly. Regular participation of Russian parliamentarians in inter-parliamentary organizations in the Asia-Pacific region expands country’s international political influence. However, organizations whose decisions are not binding, and the structure lacks permanent coordinating bodies, are less effective in addressing problems of global and regional development.
DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMICS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Valentey S. D. , Bakhtizin A. R. , Kolchugina A. V.
Published: February 2020

13  February  2019,  Dmitry  Medvedev,  Chairman  of  the  Government  of  the  Russian Federation, approved the “Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2025”. This document is undoubtedly a significant milestone in the formation of the state regional policy. However, its practical significance caused reasonable doubts among experts. First of all, attention was drawn to the basic term of “spatial development”. How does it differ from the “regional development policy”, the principles main goals and mechanisms of which have not yet defined? May the substitution of the concepts be a way of avoiding this fundamentally important task? They caused questions and uncertainty of the role of regions in the Russian Federation in ensuring the spatial development of the economy. Their place in this process is not specified. The Strategy actually did not take into account the differences of the Russian regions in terms of their socio-economic development and innovative potential. The overall conclusion of a significant part of the expert community was reduced to the need for: substantial refinement of the Strategy; concretization of its basic provisions; developing mechanisms to enhance the role the Russian regions in this process, taking into account differences in their levels of development and socio-economic potential. An attempt to demonstrate the significance of these differences was undertaken in this study, the results of which are summarized in this article.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSIT ON THE NORTHERN SEA WAY
Authors: Eliseev D. O. , Naumova Yu. A.
Published: February 2020

The growth of cargo transportation along the Northern Sea Route is hampered by a complex of technological, organizational and managerial problems, the solution of which requires the full attention of state bodies. In particular, the year-round operation of the NSR is extremely limited and in the winter period requires mandatory icebreaking support (according to climatologists, the navigation period free from ice only by 2040 will exceed 150 days). With an increase in freight traffic in the medium term, there may be a real shortage of icebreaking capacities and vessels of the Arctic class. A solution to the problem can be the creation of a separate Arctic fleet, which will transport between the extreme points of the NSR with subsequent overload. At the same time, there should be a clear understanding of the prospects for loading built ships with cargo and the corresponding reserves of domestic cargo, which potentially replace international volumes if necessary. It is important to emphasize that the existing infrastructure of the NSR is still limited (only one multifunctional deepwater port in Murmansk operates in the Russian Arctic), whereas for the transarctic navigation along the NSR, a system of deep-water ports with modern logistics and service as transport hubs is required. The attractiveness of the NSR is also reduced due to the acute shortage of realtime ice monitoring systems. At the same time, it should be understood that the growth of international transit, the subsequent construction of multifunctional ports with appropriate infrastructure and communications throughout the route will provide, in turn, a multiplier effect for other sectors of the economy, will require the involvement of new labor, which eliminates negative demographic trends in Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
Monodentate Trialkylphosphines: Privileged Ligands in Metal-catalyzed Crosscoupling Reactions
Authors: Shaughnessy Kevin H.
Published: February 2020

Phosphines are widely used ligands in transition metal-catalyzed reactions.
Arylphosphines, such as triphenylphosphine, were among the first phosphines to show
broad utility in catalysis. Beginning in the late 1990s, sterically demanding and electronrich
trialkylphosphines began to receive attention as supporting ligands. These ligands
were found to be particularly effective at promoting oxidative addition in cross-coupling
of aryl halides. With electron-rich, sterically demanding ligands, such as tri-tertbutylphosphine,
coupling of aryl bromides could be achieved at room temperature. More
importantly, the less reactive, but more broadly available, aryl chlorides became accessible
substrates. Tri-tert-butylphosphine has become a privileged ligand that has found application
in a wide range of late transition-metal catalyzed coupling reactions. This success
has led to the use of numerous monodentate trialkylphosphines in cross-coupling reactions. This review
will discuss the general properties and features of monodentate trialkylphosphines and their application in
cross-coupling reactions of C–X and C–H bonds.
The Influence of Heating and Photosensitization on the Stability of Lutein- Loaded Lipid-Core Nanocapsules
Authors: Brum Aelson A.S. , da Silva Médelin M. , dos Santos Priscilla P. , Brasil Allana V.S. , Paese Karina , Guterres Silvia S. , Flôres Simone H. , de O. Rios Alessandro
Published: February 2020

Background:

Despite lutein is unstable in light, heat, and oxygen, it is a good quencher of
singlet oxygen. The present study evaluated the stability of lutein (92% of purity) in Lipid-core Nanocapsules
(Lutein-LNC) prepared through interfacial deposition of preformed polymer, during photosensitization
(5-25°C) and heating (70-90°C).

Methods:

The Lutein-LNC was characterized and presented a polydispersity index of 0.11, an average
diameter of 191 nm (dynamic light scattering), zeta potential of -9.14 mV and entrapment efficiency of
100%.

Results and Discussion:

During photosensitization and heating, Lutein-LNC exhibited activation Energy
(Ea) of 24.67 kcal/mol and 9.96 kcal/mol, respectively, and these values of Lutein-LNC were
higher than free lutein values, reported in other studies for both experiments.

Conclusion:

The results obtained in this study suggested that nanotechnology can improve the stability
of lutein for future applications in the food industry.
Determination of Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid Based on Charge Transfer Complexation with p-Nitrophenlol by Spectrophotometry
Authors: Tian Fang , Li Sheng-Yun
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

Spectrophotometry was investigated for the determination of epsilon aminocaproic
acid (EACA) with p-nitrophenol (PNP). The method was based on Charge Transfer (CT)
complexation of this drug as n-electron donor with π-acceptor PNP.

Methods:

The experiment indicated that CT complexation was carried out at room temperature for 10
minutes in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. The spectrum obtained for EACA/PNP system showed the maximum
absorption band at a wavelength of 425 nm. The stoichiometry of the CT complex was found to
be a 1:1 ratio by Job’s method between the donor and the acceptor. Different variables affecting the
complexation were carefully studied and optimized. At the optimum reaction conditions, Beer’s law
was obeyed in a concentration limit of 1～6 μg mL-1. The relative standard deviation was less than
2.9%. The apparent molar absorptivity was determined to be 1.86×104 L mol-1cm-1 at 425 nm. The CT
complexation was also confirmed by both FTIR and 1H NMR measurements.

Results:

The thermodynamic properties and reaction mechanism of the CT complexation have been
discussed.

Conclusion:

The developed method could be applied successfully for the determination of the studied
compound in its pharmaceutical dosage forms with good precision and accuracy compared to the official
method comprising t- and F-tests.
Implementation of Orthogonal Codes Using MZI
Authors: Samanta Supriti , Maity Goutam K. , Mukhopadhyay Subhadipta
Published: February 2020

Background:

In Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)/Multi-Carrier CDMA (MCCDMA),
Walsh-Hadamard codes are widely used for its orthogonal characteristics, and hence, it leads
to good contextual connection property. These orthogonal codes are important because of their various
significant applications.

Objective:

To use the Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) for all-optical Walsh-Hadamard codes is
implemented in this present paper.

Method:

The Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) is considered for the Tree architecture of Semiconductor
Optical Amplifier (SOA). The second-ordered Hadamard and the inverse Hadamard matrix
are constructed using SOA-MZIs. Higher-order Hadamard matrix (H4) formed by the process of
Kronecker product with lower-order Hadamard matrix (H2) is also analyzed and constructed.

Results:

To experimentally get the result from these schemes, some design issues e,g Time delay, nonlinear
phase modulation, extinction ratio, and synchronization of signals are the important issues. Lasers
of wavelength 1552 nm and 1534 nm can be used as input and control signals, respectively. As
the whole system is digital, intensity losses due to couplers in the interconnecting stage may not create
many problems in producing the desired optical bits at the output. The simulation results were obtained
by Matlab-9. Here, Hadamard H2 (2×2) matrix output beam intensity (I ≈ 108 w.m-2) for different
values of inputs.

Conclusion:

Implementation of Walsh-Hadamard codes using MZI is explored in this paper, and experimental
results show the better performance of the proposed scheme compared to recently reported
methods using electronic circuits regarding the issues of versatility, reconfigurability, and compactness.
The design can be used and extended for diverse applications for which Walsh-Hadamard codes
are required.
Application of Robot in Colonoscopy
Authors: Zhang Yongde , Qin Peiwang , Jiang Jingang , Wu Xinghua , Zhao Qi , Huang Zhiyuan
Published: February 2020

Background:

Currently, there are about twenty percent of the subjects who feel pain and
become uncomfortable while they are in the middle of the process of bowel disease examination by
colonoscopy. Within the examination, the attending physician needs the assistance of nurses to complete
the operation, which is extremely inconvenient. And there is still the chance of being hurt or infected
by corrosive intestinal juice. Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of diagnosis, ensure the
safety of operation, and reduce the pain of patients are the current research hotspots in the field of
colonoscopy.

Objective:

The study aimed to provide an overview of the existing colonoscopy robots and introduce
their classification and characteristics.

Methods:

This paper reviews various productions and patents related to the colonoscopy robot. The
structural characteristics, differences and applications of the typical colonoscopy robot are also introduced.

Results:

The auxiliary colonoscopy robot and the active flexible colonoscopy robot were compared and
analyzed, and the typical characteristics were concluded. The main problems in colonoscopy robot’s
development were analyzed, and the development trend is foreseen. The current and future research
works on the productions and patents on colonoscopy robots are discussed.

Conclusion:

Colonoscopy robot is helpful for reducing the doctor’s efforts while performing labor operation.
It gives a more clear vision and offers an excellent interactive interface to make man-machine
conversation easy. With the continuous improvement of technology, especially in the field of artificial
intelligence and imaging processing technology, colonoscopy robot has been found to be more stable,
comfortable, humanized, intelligent and secure.
Penguasaan kompetensi profesional guru oleh mahasiswa peserta praktik pengalaman pembelajaran
Authors: Jatiningsih Oksiana , Sari Maya Mustika Kartika , Habibah Siti Maizul , Setyowati Rr Nanik , Yani Muhammad Turhan , Adi Agus Satmoko
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini bermaksud untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimanakah penguasaan kompetensi profesional guru PPKn dan faktor apa yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan di Prodi PPKn FISH UNESA ini mengambil sampel 86 mahasiswa yang telah menyelesaikan Praktik Pengalaman Pembelajaran (PPP). Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes dan angket yang dikembangkan peneliti. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa mereka memiliki kompetensi profesional guru yang cukup baik. Temuan ini konsisten dengan gambaran tentang sikap, minat, dan motivasinya serta pengalaman belajar yang juga berada pada kategori cukup. Kompetensi ini masih perlu diperbaiki, salah satunya dengan mengoptimalkan proses belajarnya.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This essay to describe the level of comprehension of professional competency among PPKn teachers and its factors influencing these competencies. The research was conducted at Study Program of PPKn, FIHS UNESA with 86 selected students being taking course). Data was collected through questionnaire, and test developed by the researcher. The result reveals that they have an adequate professional competency. This result is consistent with the levels of attitude, interest, motivation, and learning experience. This level should be up-graded, one of them through learning process.
Using Social Media to Track Geographic Variability in Language About Diabetes: Analysis of Diabetes-Related Tweets Across the United States
Authors: Griffis Heather , Asch David A , Schwartz H Andrew , Ungar Lyle , Buttenheim Alison M , Barg Frances K , Mitra Nandita , Merchant Raina M
Published: February 2020

Background

Social media posts about diabetes could reveal patients’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs as well as approaches for better targeting of public health messages and care management.

Objective

This study aimed to characterize the language of Twitter users’ posts regarding diabetes and describe the correlation of themes with the county-level prevalence of diabetes.

Methods

A retrospective study of diabetes-related tweets identified from a random sample of approximately 37 billion tweets from the United States from 2009 to 2015 was conducted. We extracted diabetes-specific tweets and used machine learning to identify statistically significant topics of related terms. Topics were combined into themes and compared with the prevalence of diabetes by US counties and further compared with geography (US Census Divisions). Pearson correlation coefficients are reported for each topic and relationship with prevalence.

Results

A total of 239,989 tweets from 121,494 unique users included the term diabetes. The themes emerging from the topics included unhealthy food and drink, treatment, symptoms/diagnoses, risk factors, research, recipes, news, health care, management, fundraising, diet, communication, and supplements/remedies. The theme of unhealthy foods most positively correlated with geographic areas with high prevalence of diabetes (r=0.088), whereas tweets related to research most negatively correlated (r=−0.162) with disease prevalence. Themes and topics about diabetes differed in overall frequency across the US geographical divisions, with the East South Central and South Atlantic states having a higher frequency of topics referencing unhealthy food (r range=0.073-0.146; P<.001).

Conclusions

Diabetes-related tweets originating from counties with high prevalence of diabetes have different themes than tweets originating from counties with low prevalence of diabetes. Interventions could be informed from this variation to promote healthy behaviors.
Медикаментозное влияние на диспергирование биопленки. Аминокислоты и их дериваты
Authors: Abaturov А.Е. , Kryuchko Т.А.
Published: February 2020

В научном обзоре представлено значение некоторых аминокислот в процессе диспергирования бактериальных биопленок. Для написания статьи осуществлялся поиск информации с использованием баз данных Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka. Отражено влияние аминокислот как нутриентов на поздние стадии жизни биопленки, представлено влияние D-энантиомеров аминокислот, триптофана и его дериватов на диспергирование биопленки. Подчеркнуто, что D-аминокислоты, а именно D-тирозин, D-метионин, D-лейцин, D-триптофан, препятствуют адгезии амилоидных волокон, которые удерживают в агрегации бактерии биопленок. D-аминокислоты ингибируют экспрессию генов, участвующих в продукции компонентов матрикса биопленки, и таким образом реализуют свое антибиопленочное действие. Раскрыта способность триптофана предупреждать развитие и вызывать диспергирование биопленок, в частности, ассоциированных с бактериями Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Указано, что роль антранилатов заключается в нарушении структуры биопленки и стимулировании отрыва участков от биопленок, сформированных бактериями Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Антранилаты могут способствовать прерыванию хронизации инфекционного процесса. Предположено, что использование аминокислот и их дериватов, создание новых химических соединений, которые имитируют структуры молекул аминокислот или изменяют активность синтеза и деградации определенных аминокислот, позволит целенаправленно управлять циклом жизни биопленок некоторых видов патогенных бактерий, что будет способствовать излечению инфекционных рецидивирующих и хронических заболеваний. Представлена перспектива разработки новых препаратов на основе антраниловой кислоты и галогенерированных индолов, способствующих бактериальной эрадикации при инфекциях респираторного тракта, ассоциированных с развитием биопленок бактерий антибиотикорезистентных бактериальных агентов.
Роль моніторингу показників гемодинаміки й киснево-транспортної функції у пацієнтів із тяжкою політравмою в гострому періоді
Authors: Matolinets N.V.
Published: February 2020

Мета роботи: встановити взаємозв’язок клінічних і лабораторних показників шоку й оцінити роль моніторингу гемодинамічної та киснево-транспортної функції у пацієнтів із тяжкою політравмою в гострому періоді. Матеріали та методи. Обстежені 70 пацієнтів із тяжкою політравмою, які знаходилися на стаціонарному лікуванні у відділенні анестезіології та інтенсивної терапії Комунального некомерційного підприємства «Клінічна лікарня швидкої медичної допомоги м. Львова» за період з 2014 по 2019 р. Оцінку киснево-транспортної функції проводили розрахунковими методами за рівняннями Фіка, визначаючи індекс доставки кисню, індекс споживання кисню та коефіцієнт екстракції O2. За допомогою методики неінвазивного розрахункового безперервного вимірювання серцевого викиду (Estimated Continuous Cardiac Output — esCCO) проводили моніторинг показників центральної гемодинаміки. Результати. При госпіталізації у хворих відмічалось зниження середнього артеріального тиску і зростання частоти серцевих скорочень в середньому до 53,2 ± 2,0 мм рт.ст. і 113,9 ± 3,2 уд/хв відповідно, зменшення рівня гемоглобіну в крові — 86,8 ± 5,6 г/л (р < 0,001), зменшення індексу доставки кисню до 381,0 ± 7,8 мл/хв/м2, індексу споживання кисню до 118,7 ± 1,1 мл/хв/м2, компенсаторне зростання коефіцієнту екстракції кисню вище 0,3, суттєве зниження порівняно з нормою серцевого викиду — 3,46 ± 0,10 л/хв та серцевого індексу — 2,18 ± 0,08 л/хв/м2. Нормалізація центральної та периферичної гемодинаміки, показників киснево-транспортної функції на фоні інтенсивної терапії відбувалася протягом перших 12 годин з моменту травмування. Висновки. При тяжкій політравмі в перші години відмічаються церебральні (8,0 ± 1,0 бала за шкалою коми Глазго), циркуляторні та респіраторні шокові порушення, що зумовлює потребу в якісному моніторингу клінічних параметрів та відповідній інфузійній інтенсивній терапії. Тяжкість перебігу політравми вірогідно асоціюється протягом 1-ї та 2-ї доби з рівнем систолічного артеріального тиску нижче 115–120 мм рт.ст. (площа під кривою (AUC) = 0,766, AUC = 0,862, AUC = 0,711; р < 0,001) і кількістю балів за шкалою коми Глазго при госпіталізації ≤ 12 балів (AUC = 0,758; р < 0,001) з високим показником чутливості — 82,4 % (р < 0,001). Проведення індивідуалізованої цілеспрямованої моніторинг-керованої інфузійної терапії із застосуванням методики неінвазивного esCCO дозволяє забезпечити нормалізацію гемодинаміки, перфузії та кисневого статусу у пацієнтів з тяжкою політравмою протягом перших 12 годин інтенсивної терапії.