bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Flipped Classroom Curriculum on Inpatient Cardiology Resident Education
Authors: Allenbaugh Jill , Spagnoletti Carla , Berlacher Kathryn
Published: March 2019

Background 

The flipped classroom is designed to reinvigorate education and utilizes “at-home” time to learn concepts and “in-class” time for clinical application. While some studies have shown positive effects of the flipped classroom in undergraduate medical education, there is a paucity of data on its use in graduate medical education.

Objective 

We hypothesized that a flipped classroom curriculum of Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program (MKSAP) content with group case discussions could improve resident knowledge and preparedness in cardiology.

Methods 

Ninety-eight internal medicine residents who rotated on the inpatient cardiology service from March to October 2017 were quasi-randomized into control and intervention groups, with the intervention group assigned MKSAP readings and cases to review on their own, accompanied by weekly case discussion. Pre-post surveys evaluated for change in knowledge and preparedness, quantity of teaching received, and use of MKSAP.

Results 

A total of 93 of 98 residents (95%) participated in the curriculum. There were 37 of 51 residents (73%) in the control group and 37 of 47 residents (79%) in the intervention group who responded to pre-post assessments. In paired analysis, knowledge score did not improve significantly between the groups, nor did self-reported preparedness, number of teaching sessions per week, or reported MKSAP use. However, all participants had positive perceptions of the curriculum, and the majority felt it should be continued.

Conclusions 

This flipped classroom curriculum did not affect knowledge, preparedness, or number of teaching sessions for internal medicine residents on a cardiology rotation when compared to usual teaching, although residents experiencing the new model expressed high satisfaction.
Bruce Onobrakpeya: Categorization of Mythical Realism Period: 1959 to 1966
Authors: Ubogu Nics O.
Published: March 2019

Bruce Onobrakpeya is a renowned Nigerian master printmaker, whose work has been categorized into various periods, one of which is the mythical realism period. This period (1959-1966) witnessed the creation af artwork inspired by ideas he acquired in college, as well as in workshops he attended. It is also a period which highlighted the growth of his style and techniques which manifested in the creation of artistic narratives of myth and folklore expressed in semi-reality, naturalistic and abstract forms. Most of the themes of these works were also influenced by his environment, particular that of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and his people the Urhobos. This article focused on various aspects of Onobrakpeya’s work of the mythical realism period, their impact on his growth as an artist and on the development of contemporary art in Nigeria and Africa.Key Words: Onobrakpeya, mythical realism, art, development
The “RAQAF” Concept of Ruach Yahweh (GEN 1:2) in the Old Testament and its Implications on Contemporary Christianity
Authors: Allison Charles S. , Opuowei Joseph
Published: March 2019

The idea of three persons in one God (Trinity) appear to have been taken /accepted with mixed feelings because it seems illogical to the rational mind. However, the inferences of more than a single personality in the Godhead is acutely obvious in the Old Testament. The study, therefore, is aimed at unravelling the visible fluttering role of Ruach Yahweh throughout the length and breadth of the Old Testament. An etymological Exegesis, and thematic trace of the concept in the Old Testament within the milieu of Historical and diachronic approaches amongst others, cannot be side-lined in a study of this nature. Without any gainsay, the complementary role of the Old Testament to the New could be further strengthened in a complex study of this nature. The active creative and integral place of Ruach Yahweh in the Old Testament is observed to be more pronounced, as it were, than is that of pneumatos in the New Testament. The clarity of the New Testament Doctrine of Trinity can only be rational and logical by an understanding of the Hovering concept of Ruach Yahweh in the Old Testament. A far reaching and long-term effect is the end result of the study of this magnitude. Contemporary Christianity cannot feign ignorance of the little or no place given to this important member of the Godhead. The three usages of Raqaf (Rachaph) during the creation, life and times of the patriarchs and the prophets of Israel were unique. The implications are enormous and outstanding both for Israel and contemporary Christianity.Key words: Fluttering concept, Benefits and Adverse effects to Israel of Old Testament and contemporary Christianity
The Politics of Home and Identity in V.S. Naipaul's The Mimic Men
Authors: Asangaeneng Joseph , Udoette Monica
Published: March 2019

The motive of "home" and "identity" seems to be a recurrent one in African-Diasporan literature, especially the literature of the Caribbeans. This study presents V. S. Naipaul's The Mimic Men as a postcolonial novel that depicts the effects of colonialism on colonized people. The article clarifies the influence of colonialism on identity and how it affects the social, political, and psychological aspects of the people of a small Caribbean Island. The study highlights the manifestations related to the impact of colonization on self-identity and psychological confusion. The paper concludes that characters are emblematic of home and identity crisis and attest to the mimicry of displaced men.
Characterization of ozone production in San Antonio, Texas, using measurements of total peroxy radicals
Authors: Anderson Daniel C. , Pavelec Jessica , Daube Conner , Herndon Scott C. , Knighton Walter B. , Lerner Brian M. , Roscioli J. Robert , Yacovitch Tara I. , Wood Ezra C.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Observations of total peroxy radical concentrations
([XO2] ≡ [RO2] + [HO2]) made
by the Ethane CHemical AMPlifier (ECHAMP) and concomitant observations of
additional trace gases made on board the Aerodyne Mobile Laboratory (AML)
during May 2017 were used to characterize ozone production at three sites in
the San Antonio, Texas, region. Median daytime [O3] was 48 ppbv at
the site downwind of central San Antonio. Higher concentrations of NO and
XO2 at the downwind site also led to median daytime ozone
production rates (P(O3)) of 4.2 ppbv h−1, a factor
of 2 higher than at the two upwind sites. The 95th percentile of
P(O3) at the upwind site was 15.1 ppbv h−1,
significantly lower than values observed in Houston. In situ observations,
as well as satellite retrievals of HCHO and NO2, suggest that the
region was predominantly NOx-limited. Only approximately
20 % of observations were in the VOC-limited regime, predominantly before
11:00 EST, when ozone production was low. Biogenic volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) comprised 55 % of total OH reactivity at the downwind
site, with alkanes and non-biogenic alkenes responsible for less than
10 % of total OH reactivity in the afternoon, when ozone production was
highest. To control ozone formation rates at the three study sites
effectively, policy efforts should be directed at reducing
NOx emissions. Observations in the urban center of San
Antonio are needed to determine whether this policy is true for the entire
region.
Long-term aerosol optical hygroscopicity study at the ACTRIS SIRTA observatory: synergy between ceilometer and in-situ measurements
Authors: Bedoya-Velásquez Andrés Esteban , Titos Gloria , Bravo-Aranda Juan Antonio , Haeffelin Martial , Favez Olivier , Petit Jean-Eudes , Casquero-Vera Juan Andrés , Olmo-Reyes Francisco José , Montilla-Rosero Elena , Hoyos Carlos D. , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis
Published: March 2019

Abstract. An experimental setup to study aerosol hygroscopicity is proposed based on the time evolution of attenuated backscatter coefficients from a ceilometer co-located to an instrumented-tower equipped with meteorological sensors at different heights. This setup is used to analyse a 4.5-year database at the ACTRIS SIRTA observatory in Palaiseau (Paris, France, 2.208º E, 48.713º N, 160 m above sea level). A strict criterion has been established to identify hygroscopic growth cases using ancillary information such as on-line chemical composition, resulting in eight hygroscopic growth cases from a total of 120 potential cases. For the eight cases, the hygroscopic growth-related properties such as the attenuated backscatter enhancement factor fβ (RH) and the hygroscopic growth coefficient γ are evaluated. This study evidence that the hygroscopicity parameter γ increases as the contribution of organic aerosols decreases. In this sense, organic mass fraction is anti-correlated with γ while it shows a positive correlation with the inorganic mass fraction. Among inorganic species, the higher correlation was found for NO3−. This is the first time that hygroscopic enhancement factors retrieved directly for ambient aerosols using remote sensing techniques are combined with on-line chemical composition in-situ measurements to evaluate the role of the different aerosol species on aerosol hygroscopicity.
Concept for an electrostatic focusing device for continuous ambient pressure aerosol concentration
Authors: Woo Joseph L. , Sareen Neha , Schwier Allison N. , McNeill V. Faye
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We present a concept for enhancing the concentration of charged submicron aerosol particles in a continuous flow stream using in situ electrostatic focusing. It is proposed that electrostatic focusing can enable the continuous, isothermal concentration of aerosol particles at ambient pressure, without altering their chemical composition. We model this approach theoretically and demonstrate proof-of-concept via laboratory measurements using a prototype. The prototype design consists of a nozzle-probe flow system analogous to a virtual impactor. The device was tested in the laboratory using submicron, monodisperse stearic acid particles. Particles were charged using a unipolar charger, then concentrated using a cylindrical electrostatic immersion lens to direct the charged submicron particles into the sample probe. Under applied lens voltages ranging from 0 V to 30 kV, aerosol concentration increased up to 15 %. Observed particle enrichment varied as a function of voltage and particle diameter. These results suggest that an imposed electric field can be used to increase aerosol concentration in a continuous flow. This approach shows promise in increasing the effective enriched size range of virtual impactors or other continuous-flow methods of collection.
The application of mean averaging kernels to mean trace gas
distributions
Authors: von Clarmann Thomas , Glatthor Norbert
Published: March 2019

Abstract. To avoid unnecessary data traffic it is sometimes desirable to apply mean averaging kernels to mean profiles of atmospheric state variables. Unfortunately, application of averaging kernels and averaging are not commutative in cases when averaging kernels and state variables are correlated. That is to say, the application of individual averaging kernels to individual profiles and subsequent averaging will, in general, lead to different results than averaging of the original profiles prior to the application of the mean averaging kernels unless profiles and averaging kernels are fully independent. The resulting error, however, can be corrected by subtraction of the covariance between the averaging kernel and the vertical profile. Thus it is recommended to calculate the covariance profile along with the mean profile and the mean averaging kernel.
Evaluating model outputs using integrated global speleothem records of climate change since the last glacial
Authors: Comas-Bru Laia , Harrison Sandy P. , Werner Martin , Rehfeld Kira , Scroxton Nick , Veiga-Pires Cristina ,   SISAL working group members
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Although quantitative isotopic data from speleothems has been used to evaluate isotope-enabled model simulations, currently no consensus exists regarding the most appropriate methodology through which achieve this. A number of modelling groups will be running isotope-enabled palaeoclimate simulations in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, so it is timely to evaluate different approaches to use the speleothem data for data-model comparisons. Here, we accomplish this using 456 globally-distributed speleothem δ18O records from an updated version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and Analysis (SISAL) database and palaeoclimate simulations generated using the ECHAM5-wiso isotope-enabled atmospheric circulation model. We show that the SISAL records reproduce the first-order spatial patterns of isotopic variability in the modern day, strongly supporting the application of this dataset for evaluating model-derived isotope variability into the past. However, the discontinuous nature of many speleothem records complicates procuring large numbers of records if data-model comparisons are made using the traditional approach of comparing anomalies between a control period and a given palaeoclimate experiment. To circumvent this issue, we illustrate techniques through which the absolute isotopic values during any time period could be used for model evaluation. Specifically, we show that speleothem isotope records allow an assessment of a model’s ability to simulate spatial isotopic trends and the degree to which the model reproduces the observed environmental controls of isotopic spatial variability. Our analyses provide a protocol for using speleothem isotopic data for model evaluation, including screening the observations, the optimum period for the modern observational baseline, and the selection of an appropriate time-window for creating means of the isotope data for palaeo time slices.
Use of a hydrodynamic model for the management of water renovation in a coastal system
Authors: Cerralbo Pablo , F.-Pedrera Balsells Marta , Mestres Marc , Fernandez Margarita , Espino Manuel , Grifoll Manel , Sanchez-Arcilla Agustin
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this contribution we investigate the hydrodynamic response in Alfacs Bay
(Ebro Delta, NW Mediterranean Sea) to different anthropogenic modifications
in freshwater flows and inner bay–open sea connections. The fresh water
coming from rice field irrigation contains nutrients and pesticides and
therefore affects in multiple ways the productivity and water quality of the
bay. The application of a nested oceanographic circulation modelling suite
within the bay provides objective information to solve water quality problems
that are becoming more acute due to temperature and phytoplankton
concentration peaks during the summer period when seawater may exceed
28 ∘C, leading to high rates of mussel mortality and therefore a
significant impact on the local economy. The effects of different management
“solutions” (like a connection channel between the inner bay and open sea)
are hydrodynamically modelled in order to diminish residence times
(e-flushing time) and water temperatures. The modelling system, based on the
Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), consists of a set of nested domains
using data from CMEMS-IBI for the initial and open boundary conditions
(coarser domain). One full year (2014) of simulation is used to validate the
results, showing low errors with sea surface temperature (SST) and good agreement with surface currents.
Finally, a set of twin numerical experiments during the summer period (when
the water temperature reaches 28 ∘C) is used to analyse the effects of
proposed nature-based interventions. Although these actions modify water
temperature in the water column, the decrease in SST is not enough to
avoid high temperatures during some days and prevent eventual mussel mortality
during summer in the shallowest regions. However, the proposed management
actions reveal their effectiveness in diminishing water residence times along
the entire bay, thus preventing the inner areas from having poor water renewal
and the corresponding ecological problems.
A hydrodynamic model for Galveston Bay and the shelf in the northwestern Gulf of
Mexico
Authors: Du Jiabi , Park Kyeong , Shen Jian , Zhang Yinglong J. , Yu Xin , Ye Fei , Wang Zhengui , Rabalais Nancy N.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We present a 3D unstructured-grid hydrodynamic model for the northwestern Gulf of Mexico that utilizes a high-resolution grid for the main estuarine systems along the Texas-Louisiana coast. This model, based on the Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model (SCHISM) with hybrid horizontal and vertical grids, is driven by the observed river discharge, reanalysis atmospheric forcing, and open boundary conditions from the global models. The model reproduces well the temporal and spatial variation of observed water level, salinity, temperature, and current velocity both in Galveston Bay and on the shelf. We apply the validated model to examine the remote influence from large rivers, specifically the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers, on the salinity regime along the Texas coast. Numerical experiments reveal that the Mississippi-Atchafalaya discharge could significantly decrease the salinity on the inner shelf along the Texas coast and its influence highly depends on the wind field and the resulting shelf current. Winter wind tends to constrain the Mississippi-Atchafalaya water against the shore, forming a narrow lower-salinity band all the way to the southwestern Texas coast. Under summer wind, the influence of the discharge on salinity is limited to the upper Texas coast while extended offshore. The decrease in salinity at the mouth of Galveston Bay due to the Mississippi-Atchafalaya discharge leads to a decrease in horizontal density gradient, a weakened estuarine circulation inside the bay, a decrease in the salt flux, and a smaller estuarine-ocean exchange. We highlight the flexibility of the model that simulates not only estuarine dynamics and shelf-wide transport but also the interaction between them.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HYPERELASTIC MODELS FOR CARBON-BLACK–FILLED SBR VULCANIZATES
Authors: Fujikawa M. , Maeda N. , Yamabe J. , Koishi M.
Published: March 2019

The performance of four recently developed hyperelastic material models (HM models) was evaluated by using stress–stretch relationships of filled styrene butadiene rubber vulcanizates with different contents of carbon black (CB) tested under uniaxial tension (UT), pure shear (PS), and equi-biaxial tensile (BT) conditions. The stress–stretch relationships for the PS and BT tests were obtained with a specially designed specimen having higher accuracy than those obtained with an ordinary specimen. The performances of the HM models were compared via the following three evaluations: (1) ability to reproduce the UT, PS, and BT tests; (2) ability to predict the PS and BT test results with material constants identified from the UT test; and (3) correlation between the identified material constants and CB contents. The evaluations based on a combination of the stress–stretch relationships with high accuracy and four recently developed HM models revealed that the HM model activates only the I1 term, which is the first invariant of the right Cauchy–Green tensor, exhibiting good reproducibility and predictability.
Technical Efficiency Analysis of Terubok Fisheries in Malaysia
Authors: M. Ashraf-Roszopor, , M. Dayang-Affizzah, A. , M. Abdullah, A. , L. Latif, I. , B. Nor Afiza, A.
Published: March 2019

Terubok fish is an estuarine fish that is significant among local fishermen because of high commercial value and it also constitutes to source of income for Terubok fishermen during its catching season. Therefore, due to high commercial value, Terubok fish has been subject to overfished and the population has been declining throughout the years. This study is carried out to analyse the efficiency performance of Terubok fisheries in Malaysia. A sample of actively Terubok fishermen was selected through stratified random sampling and the field survey has conducted at three different places in Sarawak. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit Analysis were employed to determine the technical efficiency level and factors influencing technical efficiency among Terubok fishermen. The results of the study show that, most fishing units exhibit a low level of technical efficiency. This implies that either fishing inputs were used inefficiently, or insufficient inputs were used in fishing operations. The mean technical efficiency of the sample was estimated to be 0.304 using CRS Model, 0.406 using VRS Model and Scale Efficiency is 0.805. The determinant factors of efficiency among Terubok fishermen was among all, hours in a day, days spent in fishing per month, engine horsepower and fisherman association show positive sign towards efficiency contradictorily other determinant such as age, education, distance and length of vessels possess negative sign towards efficiency. These findings suggest that there’s urgent need to the efficiency level of the fishermen as this will indicate the impact of their living standard. With appropriate training and using more advanced technologies by the fishermen, the level of technical efficiency can be raised, segmented for inshore fisheries.
Torymus sinensis Kamijo, a biocontrol agent against the invasive chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu in Spain: its natural dispersal from France and the first data on establishment after experimental releases
Authors: Nieves-Aldrey Jose Luis , Gil-Tapetado Diego , Gavira Oscar , Boyero Juan R. , Polidori Carlo , Lombardero Maria J. , Blanco Diana , Rey del castillo Carmen , Rodriguez Rojo Pilar , Vela Jose M. , Wong Eva
Published: March 2019

Aim of study: The globally invasive gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 (Cynipidae: Cynipini), reached Spain seven years ago and is already regarded as an important pest of chestnuts (Castanea spp.) in this country as well as worldwide. In this paper, we present comprehensive data on the establishment in Spain of Torymus sinensis Kamijo, 1982 (Chalcidoidea: Torymidae), an effective non-native natural enemy of this pest, as a result of both natural dispersal and settlement after controlled releases since 2015.Area of study: Sites of the Spanish autonomous communities of Galicia, Asturias, Basque Country, Catalonia, Andalusia and Madrid where D. kuriphilus is present.Material and methods: To study the natural dispersal of T. sinensis from France, we selected two sampling sites in Catalonia, six in the Basque Country and two in Navarra known for their heavy Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) infestation; to study T. sinensis establishment after authorized controlled releases by the concerned authorities, the field samplings were done mainly in Galicia (35 sites) and Andalusia (8 sites). Additionally an experimental release study was made in Madrid.Main Results: Our results showed that T. sinensis has spread throughout Spain by natural dispersal across the French border and now occurs in Catalonia (two sites), the Basque Country (three sites) and Navarra (one site) but not in the neighbouring region of Cantabria. The percentage of parasitism by T. sinensis on D. kuriphilus is higher in the Basque Country sites, which are close to the French border, thus indicating that its establishment in these localities is not recent. After controlled releases, T. sinensis has been successfully established in five release sites in Andalusia (Valle del Genal and Sierra Blanca, Málaga Province) and one release site in Madrid. However, in the region of Galicia (NW Spain), where the number of authorized releases has been higher, the establishment of T. sinensis still appears to be very low.Research highlights: Established populations of T. sinensis may exert a positive buffer against D. kuriphilus-driven chestnut infestation in Spain, similar to what is observed in other invaded European countries.Additional Keywords: Controlled releases, Torymidae, invasive species, Cynipidae, natural spread, biological control.Abbreviations used: Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW); Torymus sinensis parasitism rate (TsPR); mean of ACGW larval chambers per gall (MACGW).
Functional properties of fermented soymilk by Lactobacillus fermentum BM-325
Authors: Myagmardorj Batmunkh , Purev Munkh-Erdene , Batdorj Batjargal
Published: March 2019

Soy products have attracted much attention recently as carriers for probiotics. Fermentation of soymilk with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was found to improve the nutritional and bioactivity values of consumed foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate functional properties of fermented soymilk with probiotic LAB strain Lactobacillus fermentum BM-325, based on their growth behavior, enzymes and antioxidant activities. Growth behavior such as viable cell number, pH, total acidity and enzyme activities were determined during fermentation period. Maximum number of viable cell was Log10 CFU·ml-1 12.6±0.9, maximum β-glucosidase activity was 78.9±3.9 U·mg-1 and maximum α-galactosidase activity was 97.7±4.8 U·mg-1, as well as antioxidant activity was IC50 0.04±0.002 mg·mL-1. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) activity was determined in fermented soymilk and in partially purified peptide fraction. The ACEI activity was reached 60% after 20 h fermentation in soymilk. Our results suggested that fermentation of Lactobacillus fermentum BM-325 in soymilk for 4 h could be used to increase bioactivity of soymilk and suitable for the development of functional food.
El conocimiento didáctico del contenido (CDC) de una profesora de ciencias: reflexión y acción como facilitadores del aprendizaje
Authors: Vázquez Bernal Bartolomé , Jiménez Pérez Roque , Mellado Jiménez Vicente
Published: March 2019

Se aborda un estudio de caso de una profesora de Enseñanza Secundaria de ciencias experimentales a lo largo del tiempo en diferentes periodos. El ámbito de estudio se centra en el aprendizaje escolar y los obstáculos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se desarrolla en tres fases diferentes y parte de una visión compleja del conocimiento profesional, relacionada con la innovación escolar y el tipo de contenido que se implementa: disoluciones y formación del suelo. Los resultados muestran un desarrollo de la profesora asociado a la fortaleza de los conocimientos previos del tópico, pero limitada por la dificultad de asumir plenas posiciones constructivistas respecto al aprendizaje del alumnado y la forma de indagar colectivamente en el aula las dificultades de aprendizaje. Se establecen algunas implicaciones en relación con la formación inicial del profesorado.
Enseñanza acerca de los sentidos químicos. Indagación sobre una experiencia motivadora
Authors: Edelsztein Valeria Carolina , Galagovsky Lydia
Published: March 2019

En este trabajo se muestra un modelo de enseñanza vivencial, no tradicional, sobre el tema sentidos químicos. Se trata de una experiencia didáctica que promueve la reflexión sobre ideas o conocimientos previos total o parcialmente erróneos para transformarlos en conceptos sostén apropiados. El diseño didáctico de las actividades fue planificado en función del modelo de aprendizaje cognitivo consciente sustentable. La experiencia relata los resultados que provienen de la implementación de cuatro talleres presenciales de tres horas cada uno, con una participación total de 87 profesores en servicio y en formación, pertenecientes a las áreas de biología, química, física y matemáticas de escuela media.
Endothelial Dysfunction in Children with Clinically Stable and Exacerbated Asthma
Authors: Makieieva Nataliia , Butov Dmytro , Vasylchenko Yuliia , Biriukova Maryna , Serhiienko Kateryna , Morozov Oleksandr
Published: March 2019

Introduction: In children with asthma, endothelial dysfunction signs are observed, and their extent depends on the severity of the disease. These changes are also present in remission. High level of soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) expression causes active adhesion of inflammatory cells and can indicate direct endothelium participation in development and supporting of chronic inflammation. Bronchial asthma (BA) is characterised by airways chronic inflammation. A special role in this inflammatory process formation is played by development of endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate endothelial state in children with clinically stable and exacerbated asthma. Material and methods: 91 children with persistent asthma were examined. Among them there were 40 patients with mild persistent (group I), 34 subjects with moderate persistent (group II) and 17 individuals with severe persistent (group III) asthma. 20 healthy children were selected as controls. The serum levels of sVCAM-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ultrasound assessment of endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery (FMD%) has been made. Ultrasonography has been used for investigation of the intima-media thickness (I-M) complex. Data analysis was performed with the Statsoft Statistica Version 8 (Tulsa, OK). Results: The serum levels of sVCAM-1 were significantly increased in the patients with asthma exacerbation (p < 0.001) and remission (p < 0.001), compared with the controls. The index of FMD% was significantly diminished in the patients of I, II, III group with exacerbation (p < 0.001) and stayed lower in the subjects with asthma in remission (p < 0.001), compared with the controls. The thickness of I-M complex was significantly increased in the patients of I, II, III group, compared with the controls (p < 0.001). The endothelium parameter levels: sVCAM-1 (H = 56.11, p = 0.0001), FMD% (H = 43.20, p = 0.0000), the thickness of I-M complex (H = 49.37, p = 0.0000) depend on the severity of the disease. Correlations between the endothelium and pulmonary function parameters were proved (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Endothelial dysfunction in children with asthma was determined. Dependence of severity of the disease on functional state of the vascular endothelium was proved.
Giant Hiatal Hernias
Authors: Lesinski Jan , Zielonka Tadeusz , Wajtryt Olga , Peplinska Krystyna , Kaszynska Aleksandra
Published: March 2019

Dyspnoea is most often caused by disorders of the respiratory and/or cardiovascular systems. Much less often it is brought about by the displacement of abdominal organs into the thoracic cage. Hiatal hernias may give rise to diagnostic difficulties, as both clinical and radiological symptoms suggest different disorders. Computed tomography is the method of choice when making a diagnosis. We have presented a series of 7 cases of giant hiatal hernias, each with a varying course of the disease, clinical symptoms, radiological features and prognoses. In two of the cases, the hernias were of a post-traumatic nature. Four cases of large diaphragmatic hernias were found in elderly patients (over 90 years old). An advanced age and numerous coexisting chronic diseases disqualified most of the patients from surgical treatment despite the hernias’ large sizes. In only one case was fundoplication performed with a good end result. Two patients died, and an extensive hernia was the cause of one of the deaths. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were present only in a few of the patients. An early diagnosis of giant hiatal hernia is crucial for the patients to undergo prompt corrective surgeries.
Where We Come From and Are We Aware of Where We Are Going To?
Authors: Vanaclocha Vicente , Saiz-Sapena Nieves , María Ortiz-Criado José , Vanaclocha Leyre
Published: March 2019

Chronic pain is a pathological condition that requests specific medical attention. Its treatment has been imperative since the origin of our species, taking advantage of herbs and natural remedies available in the primitive environment. Morphine has stood the test of time as has been continuously used for the past 8 millennia. The anatomical knowledge of the nociceptive sensation pathways led to the introduction of some surgical techniques directed to stop this pain transmission. Due to their aggressiveness and to the fact that they are irreversible, these techniques were soon replaced by neurostimulation procedures. Being reversible and allowing a change in stimulation parameters soon became the preferred treatment strategy. Over the years a small subset of patients continues to suffer from chronic pain refractory to the usual neurostimulation and pain-controlling medications. These patients can perhaps benefit from one of the surgical ablative procedures. Some of these techniques have been proven particularly effective throughout the years. For some limited income patients in underdeveloped countries, these techniques may be their only accessible option. Doctors have to keep in mind these surgical techniques to put them at the service of our patients in the very few cases in which they are needed. Letting these ablative techniques to die in oblivion would be a disservice to our patients.
Catalyzing Change for Elementary School
Authors: Huinker DeAnn
Published: March 2019

A shared responsibility for teachers of all grades can empower every student as a capable lifelong learner and confident doer of mathematics.
Hipertermična intraperitonealna kemoterapija
Authors: Skok Kristijan , Skornšek Nina , Hočevar Marko , Skok Pavel
Published: March 2019

V preteklosti so bolnike z zasevki po peritoneju obravnavali kot neozdravljivo bolne s terminalnim stanjem raka, ki se zdravi samo paliativno. Ob takšnem pristopu je bilo povprečno preživetje bolnikov le dva meseca. Zdravljenje teh bolnikov se je v devetdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja pomembno spremenilo. Nekateri raziskovalci so bili namreč mnenja, da so peritonealni zasevki v določenih primerih samo vrsta loko-regionalne bolezni in se bolnik lahko (p)ozdravi. Eden glavnih zagovornikov te teorije in novega načina zdravljenja je bil Paul Sugarbaker. V sklopu zdravljenja se je začela uporabljati citoreduktivna kirurgija v kombinaciji z intraperitonealno kemoterapijo. Namen kirurškega posega je bila makroskopska odstranitev tumorja, nato pa z intraperitonealno kemoterapijo odstranitev še morebitnih mikroskopskih “preostankov” bolezni. Postopek, pri katerem citostatik med operacijo uvedemo in segrevamo, se imenuje hipertermična intraperitonealna kemoterapija. Hipertermija ima že sama po sebi protitumorski učinek na maligne celice, saj povzroči razgradnjo proteinov, aktivranje lizosomov in apoptozo. Ob segrevanju raztopine citostatika potečejo zapletene kemijske reakcije, ki dodatno povečajo njegovo učinkovitost in povečajo globino prodiranja zdravila v tumorsko tkivo. O najboljših rezultatih te oblike zdravljenja so poročali v primerih psevdomiksoma peritoneja, raka debelega črevesa in danke, karcinoma slepiča, karcinoma jajčnikov in peritonealnega mezotelioma. V prispevku avtorji predstavijo to zahtevno metodo zdravljenja, indikacije in vključitvena merila bolnikov ter sodobna spoznanja o učinkovitosti te metode za določene vrste raka.
Uporabnost novejših metod deformacije miokarda pri vsakdanji ultrazvočni preiskavi srca
Authors: Cvijič Marta , Ambrozic Jana , Čerček Černe Andreja , Bervar Mojca , Toplišek Janez
Published: March 2019

Slikovna preiskava deformacije miokarda s sledenjem ultrazvočnega vzorca (ang. speckle tracking imaging-STI) je novejša metoda v ehokardiografiji, ki omogoča vpogled v mehaniko delovanja srčne mišice in se vse pogosteje uporablja pri vsakdanjem kliničnem delu. S to metodo se je uveljavil tudi nov globalni kazalec deformacije levega prekata v longitudinalni smeri (angl. global longitudinal strain-GLS), ki se je izkazal kot bolj občutljiv kazalec za odkrivanje zgodnje okvare miokarda kot klasični ehokardiografski kazalci sistolične funkcije. Kazalci deformacije imajo tako diagnostično kot prognostično vrednost pri številnih bolezenskih stanjih. Značilne spremembe, ki jih lahko zaznamo s STI pri ishemični bolezni srca so znižanje deformacije v sistoli, raztezanje miokarda v zgodnji sistoli in skrajšanje miokarda po koncu sistole. Metoda STI nam je v pomoč pri odkrivanju zgodnje okvare sistolične funkcije pri bolnikih s hipertrofijo miokarda in pri razlikovanju vzrokov hipertrofij. S STI lahko prepoznamo subklinično okvaro miokarda po kemoterapiji, zato ji dajejo evropska priporočila prednost pred klasičnimi ehokardiografskimi kazalci pri nadaljnjem kliničnem odločanju. Pri asimptomatičnih bolnikih z zmerno do hudo boleznijo srčnih zaklopk znižane vrednosti GLS kažejo na prikrito okvaro miokarda in napovedujejo večje tveganje za po-operativne zaplete. Pri bolnikih z miokarditisom s STI zaznamo znižane vrednosti segmentne deformacije in odražajo fokalno prizadetost levega prekata. Prav tako pa kazalniki deformacije miokarda tudi dobro napovedujejo uspešnost zdravljenja pri bolnikih z resinhronizacijskim spodbujevalnikom.

V prispevku želimo predstaviti osnove analizo GLS po posameznih korakih, ki veljajo ne glede na vrsto ultrazvočnega aparata ali programske opreme, ter predstaviti primere uporabe STI pri posameznih bolezenskih stanjih, za katere obstaja največ dokazov klinične uporabnosti.
Antibiotična terapija ob porodu – priporočila
Authors: Fabjan Vodušek Vesna , Kornhauser Cerar Lilijana , Mole Helena , Šajina Stritar Barbara , Pokorn Marko , Lučovnik Miha , Tul Mandič Nataša
Published: March 2019

Antibiotike v času poroda uporabljamo za preprečevanje in zdravljenje okužb pri materi ter za preprečevanje okužb pri novorojenčkih. Kratkotrajna terapija med porodom se uporablja za preprečevanje okužb s streptokokom skupine B (SSB) pri novorojenčkih, poporodnega endometritisa in za zdravljenje horioamnionitisa. Številne raziskave so dokazale, da z uporabo profilaktičnih odmerkov antibiotikov lahko podaljšamo nosečnost (in nato izboljšamo rezultate obolevnosti in umrljivosti novorojenčkov) po predčasnem prezgodnjem razpoku plodovih jajčnih ovojev (PPROM).  

Pri nosečnicah z aktivnim prezgodnjim porodom priporočamo: penicilin G 3g (ali 5mE) intravensko nato 1,5 g (ali 2,5 mE) intravensko v 4-urnih intervalih do poroda. 

Pri nosečnicah, ki so alergične na penicillin, priporočamo:

Pri ženski, ki je imela blago obliko alergije s kožnim izpuščajem, svetujemouporabo cefalosporina. V primeru zabeležene hujše oblike alergije na penicillin, svetujemo uporabo vankomicina. Terapija s klindamicinom, zaradi visoke rezistence SSB na klindamicin, ni več priporočljiva.                                                                                                                

V primeru dolgotrajnega PPROM je potrebno v primeru aktivnega poroda predpisati široko spektalni intravenski antibiotiki, ki preprečuje tudi SSB okužbo novorojenca (priporočamo Cefazolin 2g i. v in nato 1g v 8-urnih intervalih do poroda).                                                                                                                                           V primeru PPROM priporočamo čim prej po PPROM pričeti s terapijo s: ampicilinom (2 g i.v. vsake 6 ur) za 48 ur hkrati z azitromicinom (1g p.o. v enkratnem odmirku), nadaljujemo s amoksicilinom (500 mg p.o. vsakih 8 ur) za 5 dni ali do poroda novorojenca.
Una ciudad propia: la representación del espacio urbano en las obras surrealistas de Remedios Varo y Emmy Haesele.
Authors: Sola Jiménez Rocío
Published: March 2019

La sombra del Surrealismo es alargada, tanto, que se extiende más allá de la época de los manifiestos y más allá del Atlántico, donde evoluciona hacia lo que se ha venido denominando “Realismo mágico”. No obstante, en esta evolución tanto temporal como de contenidos, los principios del automatismo y de las imágenes procedentes del mundo de lo mágico, de los sueños y de los estratos más profundos de la conciencia se encuentran en un marco del que poco se ha hablado hasta ahora: la ciudad. Más precisamente, la ciudad como espacio femenino. Otro de los aspectos que parecen haber quedado en el tintero en los estudios sobre Surrealismo es lo que ocurre fuera de este México mágico. Aquí se muestra, a partir de la comparación de la bien conocida artista española Remedios Varo y de la total desconocida artista austriaca Emmy Haesele, una reflexión sobre hasta qué punto su arte estuvo influenciado por el círculo de artistas que las impulsaron así como por las ideas de “exilio” y “persecución”, dándole a raíz de esto un mayor sentido a la percepción del espacio urbano que las rodeó y a la confección de una ciudad que le es totalmente propia.
ИСТРАЖИВАЊЕ О ПОВЕЗАНОСТИ ИНТЕРАКТИВНОГ УЧЕЊА И КВАЛИТЕТА ЗНАЊА У НАСТАВИ МАТЕМАТИКЕ
Authors: Зубац Марина
Published: March 2019

Ово истраживање је спроведено на 161 ученику изГимназије у Читлуку и Гимназије у Љубушком. Ученици су били подијељени удвије групе, експерименталну (Гимназија у Читлуку) и контролну (Гимназијау Љубушком). Ученици Гимназије у Читлуку радили су по интерактивнимметодама, а ученици Гимназије у Љубушком по традиционалној настави.Спроведена су два испитивања, иницијално и финално. Контролна група нијенапредовала између иницијалног и финалног тестирања, што показује и χ2 =0,911. Експериментална група је знатно напредовала између та два мјерења,χ2 =31,603. Видљива је и значајна разлика у резултатима теста измеђуексперименталне и контролне групе, што показује и χ2 = 30,78 .Значи да овајрезултат није случајан, него је резултат интерактивног рада ученикаГимназије Читлук.
ВРСТЕ И ЗАСТУПЉЕНОСТ НУМЕРИЧКИХ ХРОМОЗОМСКИХ АБЕРАЦИЈА У НАЛАЗИМА КАРИОТИПА ПЛОДА НА ПОДРУЧЈУ РЕПУБЛИКЕ СРПСКЕ
Authors: Томић Вања
Published: March 2019

Хромозомске аберације представљају одступање од нормалногброја или нормалне структуре хромозома и могу се подијелити на нумеричке иструктурне, којима могу бити захваћени аутозомни и полни хромозоми. Најчешћиаутозомни нумерички поремећај код живорођене дјеце је Даунов синдром (ДС) који јепо својим фенотипским карактеристикма препознатљив већ при рођењу. Осталетризомије које су компатибилне са преживљавањем јесу Патау синдром иЕдвардсов синдром. Хромозомском анализом обично се открива класична тризомија,код Патау синдрома тризомија 13, а код Едвардсовог, тризомија 18. Када је ријеч охромозомским болестима полних хромозома, најчешће се јављају Клинефелтеровсиндром (КС) са хромозомском конституцијом 47,XXY , те Тарнеров синдром где јеу кариотипу присутан само један X хромозом (45,X), који је, углавном, поријекломод мајке. Пренаталним узорковањем којим је обухваћено 3113 анализа нађено је1,16% свих нумеричких аберација, од којих 0,98% аберација везано за аутозомнехромозоме, те 0,015% аберација везаних за болести полних хромозома.
ДОПРИНОСИ ЛИ УНИВЕРЗИТЕТСКА НАСТАВА АКТУАЛИЗАЦИЈИ СЕЛФА СТУДЕНАТА?
Authors: Миљеновић Слађана
Published: March 2019

Савремена настава заснована је на идеји да се образовни процесусредсреди на сваког појединца као индивидуу и помогне му да на најбољи могућиначин открије и развија сопствене квалитете. Рад је посвећен истраживањуактуализације селфа код студената прве и завршне године на Педагошкомфакултету у Бијељини и полази од претпоставке да се код ових група студенатауочавају разлике у актуализованом селфу. Утврдђивањем разлика хтјели смо уочитиколико су студенти кроз високошколско образовање успјели актуализовати селф,односно изградити себе као личности, а самим тим и остварити услове за развијањекомпетенција које су потребне за позив учитеља и васпитача. Инструмент који секористи у истраживању посебно је конструисан баш за њега, и инспирисан јеМасловљевом теоријом о актуализацији селфа.
ПРАВОПИС У НИЖИМ РАЗРЕДИМА ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ
Authors: Васиљевић Драгана
Published: March 2019

У овом раду је извршена анализа правописног знања ученикапетог разреда основне школе. Акценат је стављен на познавање правописа. С тим увези,било је потребно истражити колико су наставни садржаји из правописазаступљени у програмима за основну школу, које методе и облици рада се користе унастави правописа, како се вреднују правописна знања ученика и колико сунаставници и ученици мотивисани за тумачење и усвајање правописних садржаја.
ПРАВОПИСНЕ ВЈЕЖБЕ У МЛАЂИМ РАЗРЕДИМА ОСНОВНЕ ШКОЛЕ
Authors: Митрашевић Маја
Published: March 2019

Приликом израде рада анализиран је наставни план и програм,конкретно садржаји из правописа, писање правописних вјежби и садржаји који сузаступљени у уџбеницима и приручницима за млађе разреде основне школе. У овом радуће бити анализирани наставни програми од другог до петог разреда основне школе,везани за наставно подручје језик, односно правопис. Такође је истражено како севреднују правописна знања ученика.
СИМУЛАЦИЈА ЛИНИЈСКИХ И ЦИКЛИЧНИХ ПРОГРАМСКИХ СТРУКТУРА У ПРОГРАМСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ VEE PRO
Authors: Дамјановић Срђан
Published: March 2019

У овом раду су представљени примјери симулације линијскихи цикличних програмских структура на рачунару из предмета Принципипрограмирања. Симулација је урађена у програмском језику VEE Pro. VEE Pro јелинијски програмски језик првенствено намијењен за програмско повезивањерачунара са Hewlett Packard (односно данас Agilent) мјерним инструментима, алии програмабилним мјерним инструментима осталих најпознатијих свјетскихпроизвођача. У раду су представљене основе програмског језика VEE Pro.Због своје једноставности у писању програма и лаком праћењу токаизвршења програма, овај програмски језик може да послужи почетницима засавладавање првих корака у програмирању.У овом раду је представљена симулација неколико основнихпрограмских структура, које се изучавају на првим часовима упознавања саосновама програмирања. Представљене су симулације просте линијске,разгранате и цикличне програмске структуре. Поменуте симулације се могууз мале дораде користити у настави и у основним и средњим школама начасовима Информатике. Програмски језик VEE Pro би се могао искористити иза симулацију лабораторијских вјежби из предмета Основи електротехникена Педагошком факултету у Бијељини.
ЈЕДАН ПРИМЈЕР ДИЗАЈНА ЗАДАТАКА У УВРЂИВАЊУ МАТЕМАТИЧКИХ УМИЈЕЋА
Authors: Романо Даниел
Published: March 2019

У овом тексту описани су принципи дизајна задатакa напримјеру класификационог испита из математике одржаном на Машинскомфакултету Универзитета у Бањој Луци 1.9.2014. гoдине. Kроз анализу тихзадатака идентификују се нека осјетљива мјеста дизајнирања испитнихзадатака. У тексту се износи хипотеза да се наставничко разумијевањемпроцеса дизајнирања испитних задатака отвара могућност установљавањастудентских размишљања при рјешавању тако дизајнираних задатака.
СИСТЕМСКИ РАЗВОЈ ДАРОВИТОСТИ ПУТЕМ ЈАСНОГ ДЕФИНИСАЊА ИСХОДА У НАСТАВИ
Authors: Милић Сања , Симеуновић Владо , Лаловић Сузана
Published: March 2019

Ученичка постигнућа или васпитно- образовни исходипредстављају јасно исказане компетенције, тј. очекивана знања, вјештине испособности, те вриједности и ставове које ученици треба да стекну и дамогу показати послије успјешно реализоване нaставне јединице, теме,наставног програма, степена образовања или васпитно-образовног циклуса.Рад се бави упоређивањем исхода из старог НПП и НПП из 2014. године уРепублици Српској који су усмјерени на развој и подршку даровитим ученицимау разредној настави. У оквиру свих пет разреда, по предметима, урађена једетаљна анализа исхода и дати су одговори на сљедећа питања: Који прогам јеефикаснији за развој даровитости? У којој теми (цјелини) је највише исходавишег нивоа? Какве су укупне могућности остваривања наведених исхода?Да ли Дидактичко-методичка упутства представљају основу за адекватанприступ даровитим ученицима? Основни критеријуми који се користе уодабиру дефинисаних исхода који доприносе развоју даровитости усклађенису са Ревидираном Блумовом таксономијом знања и когнитивних процеса.