bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amplitude-integrated EEG in infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome
Authors: Rana Divya , Pollard Leann , Rowland Jonathan , Dhanireddy Ramasubbareddy , Pourcyrous Massroor
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND:

To describe amplitude-integrated encephalogram (aEEG) characteristics of neonates with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

METHODS:

This is a prospective observational study. Newborns exposed to prenatal opioids and their gestational matched controls were included. A single-channel aEEG was obtained using Olympic 6000 CFM monitor. The background activity (continuous/discontinuous), the amplitudes ( μV) and the presence of sleep-wake cycle (SWC) were documented.

RESULTS:

A total of 59 infants, 23 with NAS and 36 controls were enrolled. All aEEG were completed within 48 hours of life prior to initiation of treatment. Birth weight and gestational age were similar in both groups. An aEEG was abnormal (discontinuous pattern and/or absent SWC) in 78 % (18/23) of infants with NAS versus only 25% in control group (9/36), [OR 10.8, CI (2.7–46.5) P < 0.001]. 61% of infants with NAS had discontinuous pattern [OR 7.8, CI (2–32) P = 0.001] and 39% had absence of sleep-wake cycle [OR 7.1, CI (1.4–39.4) P = 0.007].

CONCLUSIONS:

A majority of infants with NAS have abnormal aEEG activity.
Does an Interactive Health Promotion Website Facilitate Workplace Peer-to-Peer Substance Abuse Prevention?
Authors: Galvin Deborah M. , Spicer Rebecca S. , Becker Les R. , Miller Ted R. , Taylor Dexter M. , Sabol Julie A.
Published: July 2019

Operation RedBlock, a substance abuse prevention and early intervention program at Amtrak, implemented an interactive health promotion website (On The Right Track, OTRT) for its volunteers, other employees and their families. OTRT was customized from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) -sponsored GetFit@SAMHSA.GOV website and implemented with the purpose of facilitating the peer-to-peer substance abuse prevention efforts of Operation RedBlock volunteers. SAMHSA’s GetFit website combines broad health and wellness messages with current substance abuse prevention resources. The OTRT customization adds Amtrak relevant and specific content concerning substance abuse prevention resources and treatment options, drug and alcohol use policies, health care coverage, support group meeting locations and dates, and local Operation RedBlock and Employee Assistance Program contact information. Using a retrospective pretest-posttest design this study evaluates whether and how OTRT facilitated peer-to-peer efforts in substance abuse prevention and early intervention. The evaluation revealed that the website significantly improved access to information and resources that helped Operation RedBlock volunteers’ in their peer-to-peer efforts. Volunteers valued the ready availability of reliable information, the confidential nature, and the ease of use of OTRT. Facilitated access to information and resources may help reduce substance abuse among employees at high risk.
Male Veterans Coping with the Pendulum Swing of Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain
Authors: Beaton Cleopatra , Hodge Felicia , Nyamathi Adeline , Weinred Ari , Mays Vickie , Maliski Sally
Published: July 2019

This study describes the physical, psychological and social context of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pain from the male veterans. A qualitative, descriptive design was employed using a purposive sampling to ensure representation of male veterans. Interviews were conducted with 12 male veterans of the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System. Socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profiles and descriptors of rheumatoid pain experienced by male veterans’ since their diagnoses were gathered. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Grounded Theory analysis techniques were used to identify concepts related to living with RA Pain. Six concepts related to RA pain adaptation emerged. Three concepts were associated with movement (keep moving, consequences of not moving, staying physically active) and three were related to emotion (thinking positive thoughts, doing jobs, focusing on male identity). The “keep moving” concept explained coping with chronic RA pain through three activity types: physical, cognitive and socio-economic activities. These activities fluctuated in intensity depending upon the disease stage and RA symptoms. The forward and backward pendulum swing described the unpredictable course and pain coping strategy of the veterans. Further studies are recommended to determine the transferability of our findings to other populations and to confirm the impact of continuous motion as an effective pain management strategy for RA.
Attraction to Physical Activity for Youth Who are BVI/DHH at a Residential School
Authors: Ward Stefan , Farnsworth Charles , Babkes-Stellino Megan , Perrett Jamis
Published: July 2019

Youth who are blind or visually impaired (BVI) and youth who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) often have low participation in sport and regular physical activity. Minimal research has sought to explore the variables associated with relatively low involvement in sport and physical activity among youth with BVI and/or DHH at residential schools. Financial situations and budget cuts have forced many states to combine residential schools for low incidence disabilities such as BVI & DHH. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the nature of attraction to physical activity for those attending a residential school for DHH and BVI. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 school residents (n = 5 blind; 3 male, 2 female and n = 6 deaf; 4 male, 2 female) who ranged in age from 10-18 years. Deductive content analyses revealed a number of meaningful themes in each category for both disability groups. Findings suggest that both hearing and visually impaired youth enjoyed physical activity and valued health benefits. However, this desire did not translate into being physically active. Youth suggested barriers for this including low parental encouragement for sport and physical activity and some social exclusion from non-disabled peers in game settings.
Teachers’ Perceptions Indicate Success for Harvest of the Month Nutrition Education Program
Authors: Evans Kristen , Goto Keiko , Wolff Cindy , Frigaard Martin , Bianco-Simeral Stephanie
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to examine teachers’ attitudes, beliefs, classroom practices and perceptions of students’ nutrition-related behaviors. The study involved 419 K-6th grade teachers participating in the Harvest of the Month (HOTM) program in fifty low-income schools from 19 school districts in the Sierra Cascade region of northern California. The independent variables were the teachers’ implementation level of the HOTM program and encouragement level of vegetable and fruit consumption. The dependent variables were teachers’ attitudes and beliefs about their ability to provide nutrition education, classroom practices and their perceptions of students’ nutrition-related behaviors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple ordinal logistic regression models. The analysis accounted for number of years teaching, county location of school, and grade. Implementation level of the HOTM program was significantly related to teachers’ perception of student nutrition-related behaviors. Additionally, teachers’ perceptions of improvements in their students’ behaviors were positively associated the level of encouragement they report to give their students to consume fruits and vegetables. Therefore, levels of both HOTM program implementation and fruit and vegetable consumption encouragement were associated with positive outcomes. Study results support the effectiveness of the HOTM program and identify a need for teacher trainings to increase the levels of nutrition education and encouragement for students to make healthier food choices.
Reducing Maternal and Child Health Disparities among Latino Immigrants in South Carolina Through a Tailored, Culturally Appropriate and Participant-Driven Initiative
Authors: Torres Myriam E. , Smithwick Julie , Luchok Kathryn J. , Rodman-Rice Gwyn
Published: July 2019

Newly arrived Latino immigrants in South Carolina (SC), especially Latina mothers, experience many health related barriers including a general lack of health services information. The PASOs program, which means “steps” in Spanish, uses education, outreach, partnerships and advocacy to empower Latino families to utilize available health care services throughout SC. PASOs is a community-based program conducted by college trained bilingual/bicultural facilitators with the support from community health care workers (promotores de salud). Participants (n=523) were expectant mothers with an average age of 27 (SD=6) years, mostly from Mexico (69%), with an average of 9 (SD=4) years of education and 7 (SD=5) years living in the US. Repeated measures analyses from pre-test to post-test indicated significant knowledge improvement (p
Faith and Masculinity
Authors: Rovito Michael J. , Leone James E.
Published: July 2019

Males may experience several barriers to seeking health care, including unfamiliarity with procedures (e.g. colonoscopy), stigma and fear of a given health issue, perceived breach of masculinity (machismo), and fear of feeling vulnerable. Evidence suggests church-based interventions are an effective way to strengthen the connection between promotional message content and participant conceptualization of the risks and benefits of health screenings. However, there is a lack of evidence demonstrating such effectiveness in men’s health, and there is even more of a dearth of research focusing on Latinos. This discussion presents trends from a series of 4 community-based seminars during the 2010-2011 academic year conducted with Latino faith-based groups on men’s health issues. Approximately 70 Latino men attended a series of seminars on health and wellness as it pertains to cancer screening procedures offered after church services. A particular emphasis was placed on perceived masculinity (machismo) and gender roles within the social environment, and how they influence health screenings among men, particularly for colorectal, prostate, and testicular cancer. The seminar series were a first step in laying the foundations for future formal effectiveness testing of faith-based facilities serving as a conduit for health promotion efforts among Latinos. This paper presents lessons learned from this new approach in community health outreach efforts. We advocate that faith-based groups can be an efficient and effective way to raise awareness and promote wellness among Latino men.
Sexo y la Ciudad
Authors: Vega Miriam Y. , Spieldenner Andrew R. , Tang Jennifer
Published: July 2019

While Latino gay men have been the focus of HIV prevention efforts for decades, there remains a dearth of Latino gay male-specific HIV interventions. As part of a formative assessment to adapt an HIV prevention intervention, this study explored the process in which urban immigrant Latino gay men negotiate their ethnic, sexual and social identity. The assessment consisted of four focus groups of 28 adult immigrant Latino gay men in New York City. Two major themes emerged: 1) the need for identity formation and integration (including sexuality and ethnic identity); and 2) the need for venues for expression and defining community (including places that accepted the participants as Latino and gay). Based on the emerging themes, we recommend HIV prevention services for Latino gay men be comprehensive and holistic, fostering identity development and integration, as well as skill development. Intervention adaptations need to enhance linguistic translation with deeper knowledge and inclusion of key cultural and community values. In addition, the data indicated few spaces in New York City where Latino gay men felt comfortable articulating a whole self.
Effect of a Garden-Based Nutrition Education Program on the Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables by Hispanic Children
Authors: Somerville Megan , Kessler Lisa A. , Wallace Sharonda P. , Burns-Whitmore Bonny
Published: July 2019

Objective: A garden-based nutrition education program was developed to increase the fruit and vegetable intake among 6-to-12-year old children in an after-school setting in southern California. It was hypothesized that the intervention would increase intake and preference for fruits and vegetables. Methods: A 4-month curriculum using social cognitive theory was developed for participants at a Boys and Girls Club. A pre and post-test validated survey assessed measured fruit and vegetable intake and participants’ height and weight were measured to calculate BMI. We pilot tested an observational method of assessing snack preference. Results: Forty participants completed the study, 83% of which were Hispanic. Significant results were found in fruit and vegetable servings consumed daily (p
Educational Telenovela (Soap Opera) Approach to Promote Breastfeeding among U.S. Latinas
Authors: Prado Belinda , McMahan Shari , Mouttapa Michele , Salazar Irene , Love Gail , Norwood Sherry
Published: July 2019

Breastfeeding provides infants with more nutritional value, higher immune resistance, and lower rates of obesity later in life relative to infant formula. In order to promote breastfeeding a “telenovela” (soap opera) approach was used to educate pregnant recipients of the Women Infants and Children (WIC) program about the benefits of breastfeeding. Participants were assigned to either a control group, who received standard education from WIC, or the intervention group, who received standard WIC education plus viewing the telenovela. Our analyses did not demonstrate any significant differences between the control group and intervention group on changes in attitudes towards breastfeeding immediately before and after the intervention. However, important lessons were learned about conducting community research; using the telenovela engaged participants in conversations about breastfeeding with their health educator and can be used for additional support in creating and delivering effective breastfeeding messages.
Academic-Community Partnership to Explore High-Smoking Prevalence in Filipina Girls
Authors: Sy Angela U. , Cuaresma Charlene , Braun Kathryn L. , Duquez Eduardo , Young Danielle M.
Published: July 2019

Smoking prevalence for Asian-Americans (AA) is low compared to non-AAs; however in Hawai`, the prevalence of smoking among Filipina high school girls is more than double that of Japanese high school girls. This study explored socio-cultural factors facilitating or serving as barriers against tobacco use among Filipina girls. Representatives from four community organizations, recognized for their work with Filipinos, were engaged throughout the research to facilitate the project and to ensure cultural relevance. Eleven focus groups (n=88), led by peer facilitators, discussed smoking. Twelve cultural key informants interpreted results presented from the transcripts. Results: Self-reported reasons why Filipina girls may smoke included the need to cope and to fit in. School and family responsibilities were commonly stated as barriers to smoking among Filipina girls. Nonetheless, many girls said they were given cigarettes from family members who smoked. Cultural key informants recommended conducting research on a larger sample of Filipina girls and offering family and school-based tobacco prevention programs. Conclusion: Collaboration with a variety of community partners helped provide rich qualitative data and findings regarding socio-cultural factors associated with smoking and recommendations to prevent smoking among Filipina girls. The role of family in preventing and promoting tobacco use needs further exploration. Family appears to be a promising area to explore future interventions to prevent smoking among Filipina girls.
Health and Functional Limitations Predict Depression Scores in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Kennison Robert , Cox John
Published: July 2019

Objective: To examine the effects of chronic health conditions and functional status limitations on depression scores in a large representative sample of Americans. Method: The data included 27,461 respondents ages 50 to 90 who completed up to eight test occasions from the Health and Retirement Study. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) modeling was applied. Possible covariates of depression included arthritis, lung disease, back pain, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, cancer, 28 pairwise combinations of the aforementioned conditions, ADL functional limitations, age, education and being female, being white, and being Hispanic. Results: The best fitting model had a GRSq of 0.18 (comparable to R2 ) and included 12 of 42 covariates. Depression score was predicted by: 1) ADL limitations, 2) education, 3) back pain, 4) lung disease, 5) being female, 6) being Hispanic, 7) heart disease, 8) being white, 9) high blood pressure plus stroke, 10) age, 11) back pain plus arthritis, and 12) back pain plus diabetes. Conclusions: Functional limitations was the strongest predictor of depression; reporting one limitation increased depression scores by nearly double the increase associated with two or more limitations. Back pain and lung disease were the strongest chronic disease predictors of depression; both are associated with considerable discomfort.
Pacific Islander Organization’s Approach towards Increasing Community Colorectal Cancer Knowledge and Beliefs
Authors: Sur Roger , Peters Ruth , Beck Leah Leilani , Fifita Melevesi , Gonzalez Maria , Guevara Linda , Palmer Paula Healani , Tanjasiri Sora Park
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Evaluate the educational intervention and determine if changes in knowledge and beliefs are associated with positive intentions to screen among Pacific Islanders (PIs). Design: Pre- and post-test surveys were utilized to evaluate the intervention. Educational materials included an in-language presentation, educational videos, and bookmarks with screening re-enforcement messages for communitybased PI groups. Methods: One hundred and ninety-six PIs aged 50 years and older residing in Orange County completed the educational workshop. The dependent variable is intention and the independent variables are demographic, enabling, and predisposing characteristics. Statistical analyses included paired samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and two logistic regression models. Results: Knowledge and belief scores increased pre- to post-test. A majority intended to (1) talk to a doctor about colorectal cancer (CRC) screening (74.5%), and (2) participate in CRC screening (73.5%). Positive change in knowledge score was a significant predictor for intending to talk to a doctor about CRC screening; female gender and positive change in knowledge score were significant predictors for intending to participate in screening. Conclusion: The study highlighted the effectiveness of tailored education in addressing cultural and linguistic needs of the community. Moreover, it demonstrated the education’s potential for moving participants with limited CRC screening knowledge to intend to screen.
Effective Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Education Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kalembo Fatch W. , Zgambo Maggie , Yukai Du
Published: July 2019

Background: The objective of this review was to explore and identify feasible, socially acceptable and effective adolescent sexual and reproductive health education (ASRHE) programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Four databases were searched to identify studies conducted within the past 15 years which evaluate the effectiveness of ASRHE programs in sub-Saharan Africa. The databases searched were Embase, Medline, CINAHL, PyscINFO. A further search for relevant articles was made in the Google scholar website. The title and abstract of each article were analyzed for relevance by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Further scrutiny and extraction of the studies was completed by selecting only those studies which met the criteria for inclusion. Results: Fifteen studies were identified. School, peer, mass media, health facility and community based ASRHE programs showed positive impact in one or more of the following outcomes in adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: ( i) knowledge of HIV transmission; (ii) perceived personal risk of contracting HIV/ AIDS; (iii) self-efficacy to negotiate condom use; (iv) discussion with others about HIV/AIDS or condom use; (v) abstinence from sexual relations; (vi) reduction in high-risk sexual behavior; (vii) condom use (vii) testing for sexually transmitted infection (STI) and (viii) treatment seeking behavior. Conclusion: ASRHE programs of diverse forms can produce positive change in adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH). There is need for rigorous research to assess long term behavioral effects of culturally tailored comprehensive ASRHE programs in sub-Saharan Africa.
Impacting Dietary Behaviors of Children from Low Income Communities
Authors: Branscum Paul , Kaye Gail , Warner Julie
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an expanded version of the Food Fit program, a Social Cognitive Theory based (SCT) nutrition intervention, among children in a low-income community. Eighty-five children ages 8 to 13 (mean=9.15 years; SD=1.05) were enrolled in this study. Impact and outcome measures included BMI percentile and dietary behaviors, which were evaluated before and after the program, and after a three-month follow up period. In addition, constructs of social cognitive theory, including behavioral capabilities (BC), self efficacy (SE), and outcome expectancies (OE), were evaluated before and after each lesson. Results indicated statistically significant improvements for BC’s in 11 of the 14 lessons (p=0.001), but changes in SE’s and OE’s did not reach levels of significance. There was also a significant improvement in overall dietary behaviors (p=0.036), and an increase in BMI percentile for normal weight children only (p=0.001). Compared with the previous implementation of Food Fit with children from middle-income families, this group had a similar level of changes for knowledge and skills, but fewer self-reported changes in confidence and desire to use the knowledge and skills discussed during the program. Reasons for these differences necessitate further investigation.
Food, Health and Values
Authors: Gerson Amanda , Goto Keiko , Wolff Cindy , Giovanni Maria
Published: July 2019

Objective: This study examined the associations between overall diet quality and attitudes and behaviors regarding sustainable food practices among college students. Additionally, the roles of gender and race in attitudes and behaviors regarding sustainable food practices were examined. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a total of 97 college students. Surveys were completed to assess the relationships between self-reported dietary intake and attitudes toward local and genetically modified foods, along with farmers’ market attendance. The roles of gender and race in attitudes and behaviors regarding sustainable food practices were also examined. Independent t-tests and chi square analyses were used for statistical analysis. Results: The overall diet quality mean score (ODQMS) was higher for students who attended farmers’ markets, for those who had positive attitudes toward local food, and for those who had negative attitudes toward genetically modified food. There was a significant difference between males and females in their farmers’ market attendance, attitudes toward genetically modified food, and ODQMS. Conclusions: Diet quality of college students was associated with attitudes toward local and genetically modified foods, farmers’ market attendance, and gender. Future research should focus on further understanding of relationships between consumer understanding of sustainable food practices and healthy food choices.
Qualitative Interviews of Romanian Key Informants Guiding a Preliminary Health Needs Assessment of Romanian Immigrants in Southern California
Authors: Dutciuc Tabitha D. , Gorman Nicholas , Tanjasiri Sora Park , Brown Brandon
Published: July 2019

Background: Current literature suggests that immigrant populations face greater challenges in regards to health and healthcare which are caused by a variety of factors, including language, socioeconomic status, acculturation, and health beliefs. The scope of this research was to conduct a preliminary health needs assessment of the Romanian-American population as a first step towards creating culturally tailored health programs to meet their needs. Methods and Results: Qualitative data was acquired through semistructured interviews with key stakeholders (n= 5) in the Romanian health care system, in Romania, revealing a total of 5 themes. The data was compiled and analyzed to discover the main health beliefs that contribute to the health behaviors present in this population. Conclusion: These data begin to identify important health beliefs and risk factors unique to this population and clarify priorities for future research in the U.S.
Cultural and Dietary Factors Influencing Traditional Latino Meal Patterns
Authors: Kerber Charlotte , Kessler Lisa A. , Wallace Sharonda P. , Burns-Whitmore Bonny
Published: July 2019

Background: Despite a high prevalence of nutrition-related health disparities experienced by Latinos in the United States, there is limited recent information that can be used by health professionals to develop effective nutrition interventions for this diverse population. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain qualitative information regarding usual dietary patterns of Latinos from Pomona, California, and utilize this data in the development of a tailored nutrition intervention. Methods: Latina women ages 30- 70, from a low socio-economic community sample, participated in one of three focus groups, and discussed eating patterns, recipes, and dietary concerns. Participants self-identified as the primary household food purchaser and preparer. Demographics and acculturation were assessed using validated surveys. Results: All participants (n=17) were considered less acculturated to the United States. Participants reported that traditional recipes and family preferences have the greatest influence on foods prepared, however they tend to be less healthy items. Motivators for eating healthy included maintaining family health and preventing weight gain. Barriers included conflicting meal schedules among family members and individual food preferences. Conclusion: To reduce health disparities for Latinos, cultural and dietary factors of communities, along with perceived motivators and barriers to making healthy choices, should be considered when developing tailored nutrition interventions.
Sun Tanning Behaviors, Health Beliefs, Attitudes and Intentions among College Students
Authors: Dunn Michael S.
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Even though it is well known that sun tanning can cause cancer, the behavior is practiced by a significant proportion of the US population, with about 50% of white adolescents and adults engaging in the behavior. This study assessed the sun tanning behaviors and sun tanning health beliefs, attitudes, and intentions among college students at a university in a beach resort town. Methods: Students (n=632) were recruited by email and participated in an electronic survey. All students at the university were invited to participate. Results: Females and those who had higher perceived benefits of tanning, and those who had friends who sun tanned spent more time intentionally sun tanning. Also, an association existed between having a positive attitude toward tan skin and using tanning beds (OR=2.51). Those with intentions to decrease sun tanning were more often female, had higher perceived severity of tanning, and higher selfefficacy of avoiding tanning (OR=2.30). Conclusions: Females may be a prime target population for preventive interventions since they sun tan more often, but also have higher intentions to avoid the behavior. Additionally, the results of this study seem to indicate that females’ behaviors are more predictable according to the Health Belief Model (HBM). Because of this, interventions that seek to address HBM constructs might be more effective for females compared to males.
Communication Pathways
Authors: Hodge Felicia Schanche , Line-Itty Tracy , Ellenwood Cheryl
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: American Indians (AI) are reported to have high human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates. This study explores communication pathways among AI college students reporting sources and influences of HPV information. Methods: Eight focus groups with 53 AI students were conducted at four Southwest universities. Questions probed HPV knowledge and attitudes, health beliefs, cultural influences, message barriers, and communication pathways. Data was analyzed using Grounded Theory methods. Results: Schools and television commercials were common information sources; less frequently mentioned were parents and the tribal community. Preferred communication pathways were siblings, relatives and physicians. Barriers to communication included lack of information sources, stigma, traditional viewpoints limiting discussions related to sexuality, and under-representation of AIs in health media. Sources of HPV information and preferences for communication pathways influences and perceived receptiveness of various channels were identified. Conclusion: Education and health messages must take into account AI cultural perspectives, as well as informational and communication preferences. Strategies to reduce information/ communication gaps include improving inter-family communication and facilitating school-based, clinic-based and tribal community health events about protecting sexual and reproductive health. Message barriers must be addressed to reduce HPV-related morbidity and mortality.
Health Care Advocacy
Authors: Santoro Maya S , Kothari Dhwani J , Van Liew Charles , Cronan Terry A
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: The U.S. population is living longer; therefore, a relatively large proportion of the population is likely to experience chronic illnesses within their lifetime. An experimental study was conducted to examine factors influencing the likelihood of hiring a Health Care Advocate (HCA). Methods: Survey data were collected from a randomly selected community sample of participants (N = 470) over the age of 18 who were provided with a description of an HCA and a written vignette describing a medical scenario. Participants read one of eight vignettes in which they were asked to imagine they were in a car accident and required medical care. Age, injury (chronic vs. acute), and presence of comorbid chronic condition were manipulated. Results: A significant interaction indicated that when there was no pre-existing chronic health condition, sustaining a chronic injury increased the likelihood of hiring an HCA. In addition, younger adults with comorbid conditions were perceived as having greater need for an HCA than younger adults without comorbid conditions. Older adults were perceived as benefiting from HCAs regardless of comorbid conditions. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the need for patient-centered support for older adults following an injury, and for younger adults when a pre-existing chronic condition exists. Efforts should be made to target services to these populations of interest.
Social, Cultural and Behavioral Determinants of Health among Hawaii Filipinos
Authors: Pobutsky Ann , Cuaresma Charlene , Kishaba Gregg , Noble Cecilia , Leung Ellen , Castillo Edmar , Villafuerte Arnold
Published: July 2019

Background/Purpose: Filipinos are Hawaii’s largest immigrant group and second largest ethnic group. The Hawaii Filipino Health Communities Project was initiated by the Hawaii State Department of Health, because of the high rates of heart disease and stroke mortality, and other behavioral risks seen among Hawaii’s Filipino population (i.e. high smoking rates among Filipino men). The project sought to gather Filipino community members’ perspectives on why such chronic disease health disparities exist for Filipinos, and identify solutions to address them. Methods: The project gathered information from both immigrant and local Filipinos throughout the state, using community engagement methods of interviews with community leaders (n=20) and community-based focus groups (n=20 groups with 130 participants), Results: Filipino community members were aware of, and community leaders well-versed in, the behavioral, cultural, and social determinants of health in their communities. However, being aware of such determinants of health has yet not resulted in changed behavior in the overall Filipino community (i.e. improved diet, increased physical activity, or better access to healthcare). Conclusion: More outreach is needed with Filipinos, along with interventions to combat health disparities in chronic disease, such as increased smoking cessation and creative ways to eat healthier and increase physical activity
Exploring Demographic and Substance Use Correlates of Hookah Use in a Sample of Southern California Community College Students
Authors: Montgomery Susanne B. , Borba-Silva Maria De , Singh Pramil , Dos Santos Hildemar , Job Jayakaran S. , Brink T.L.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Hookah smoking is a growing young adult phenomenon, particularly among college students. Many users feel that it is safer than other tobacco products, although its health threats are well documented. Little is known about hookah use rates in community colleges that are attended by nearly half of all US college students. This study examined hookah use in a diverse convenience sample of students attending two southern California community colleges. Methods: In fall 2011, a crosssectional, in-classroom survey was administered to 1,207 students. A series of fully adjusted multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to explore demographic, other substance use, and attitudinal correlates of lifetime and current hookah use. Results: Lifetime hookah use (56%) was higher than lifetime cigarette use (49%). Gender and personal socioeconomic status were not related to hookah use. Current use (10.8%) was associated with current use of alcohol, cigars, and cigarettes. Compared to African-Americans, Whites were 2.9 times more likely to be current users, and students who perceive hookah to be more socially acceptable were 21 times more likely to currently use. Conclusion: Since hookah use rates are high, colleges should offer health education programs to inform incoming students about the health risks of hookah and cessation programs.
College Students’ Utilization of Protective Alcohol-Use Behaviors
Authors: Zografos Kara , Krenz Vickie , Yarmo Kathy , Alcala Emanuel
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: College drinking is a major public health concern with four out of every five college students reporting alcohol use. The authors examined the frequency with which students utilized 11 protective alcohol use behaviors from the 2011 American College Health Association – National College Health Assessment (ACHA – NCHA – II). The effects of age, gender, and year in school on each of these behaviors were also examined. Methods: A total of 1,082 randomly selected students attending a California State University institution completed a web-based version of the NCHA-II. Descriptive statistics were conducted to describe the sample and the protective behaviors. Logistic regression analysis were conducted to assess the associations between each behavior with age, gender, and year in school. Results: The most frequently utilized behavior was staying with the same friends. Compared to undergraduate students, graduate students were more likely to utilize protective behaviors, and males were more likely than females to utilize the majority of these behaviors. Conclusions: This study provides support for the implementation of alcohol-related interventions in different sectors of the university, such as dormitories and fraternities.
Preliminary Evidence for Infusing Mindfulness, Yoga and Parenting Education Training on the Resilience-building Capacity for Incarcerated Fathers
Authors: Crawford Jennifer K. , Shrestha Gitanjali , Hill Laura G.
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Research has shown correlations between mindfulness, yoga and reduced risky behaviors among incarcerated and high-risk populations. Research has also shown that yoga can increase positive mental and physical health. Purpose: The present study extends current knowledge by combining a parenting program with yoga instruction in a 12-session series delivered to incarcerated fathers. We hypothesized that participants' resilience and parenting knowledge would increase from beginning to end of program. Methods: Using three measures for parental resiliency and one program scale for parenting, we assessed pretest to posttest changes in 65 of 112 criminal justice-involved fathers who completed a parenting curriculum that includes yoga and mindfulness instruction. Results: Participants significantly improved on two of three measures of resilience: overall Self Compassion Scale (SCS), and overall Whole Person Scale (WPS), which includes a total of three of six SCS subscales and three of four WPS subscales, from pretest to posttest; and on a parenting scale (Fit2bFathers Program Scale). Conclusion: The study provides preliminary evidence that a parenting program with yoga instruction may be an effective intervention for high-risk populations where parenting skills may be limited or stressed.
Neighborhood Poverty Characteristics of Pertussis Cases among Young Children in San Bernadino County, CA, in 2010-2011
Authors: Napoli James , Mouttapa Michele , Davis Stacey
Published: July 2019

Background: The burden of most infectious diseases falls heavily on persons living in neighborhoods of lower socioeconomic status. This study examined the distribution of pertussis among children ages 0-5 years by neighborhood poverty categories and ethnicity in San Bernardino County, California, during an epidemic in 2010-2011. Methods: One hundred twenty-seven cases were identified and their residences were geocoded to determine the poverty rate of the census tract the residence was in. All residences were categorized as belonging to one of four poverty categories: 0-4.9% of residents (low poverty, reference group), 5-9.9% (medium low poverty), 10-19.9% (medium high poverty), and 20-100% (high poverty). Pertussis incidence rates were calculated for the four categories. Results: Pertussis incidence rates did not significantly vary among the poverty categories. Furthermore the ethnic distribution of pertussis cases did not significantly vary among the poverty categories. Conclusions: The usual socioeconomic disparity found for childhood infectious diseases was not found for pertussis incidence. This may be due to the fact that childhood pertussis vaccinations are state-mandated and publicly-funded, therefore more accessible to children of all neighborhoods. To further reduce pertussis incidence, health education efforts might include the elimination of personal belief exemptions from vaccinations, as was done in California.
Prospective Changes in Energy Intake, Physical Activity, and Resting Energy Expenditure during Pregnancy
Authors: Hagobian Todd , D’Amico Alyssa , Vranna Camille , Brannen Anna , Phelan Suzanne
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Prenatal changes in energy intake (EI), physical activity (PA), and resting energy expenditure (REE) are important determinants of future health and obesity outcomes. This study examined changes in EI, PA and REE in 16 adult, pregnant women (75% Normal-weight, 15% overweight/obese) early in pregnancy (
Addressing the Medical and Support Service Needs of People Living with HIV (PLWH) through Program Collaboration and Service Integration (PCSI)
Authors: Bernard Stephanie , Tailor Amrita , Jones Patricia , Alexander Donna E.
Published: July 2019

Background: Approximately 1.2 million Americans are living with HIV, and about 50,000 new infections occur each year. People living with HIV (PLWH) have numerous medical and psychosocial needs that impact HIV disease progression and challenge treatment outcomes. Purpose: Using CDC’s Program Collaboration and Service Integration (PCSI) framework, we examined strategies, challenges, and lessons learned from a local health department’s efforts to institute PCSI to address the diverse needs of their patients with HIV. Methods: We captured case study data through: 1) semi-structured interviews with key program administrators, 2) analysis of program documents, and 3) site observations and review of clinic procedures. Results: Findings highlight the importance of co-locating services, partnering to leverage resources, and conducting cross-training of staff. Providing co-located services reduced wait times and enhanced coordination of care. Partnering to leverage resources increased patient referrals and enhanced access to comprehensive services. Staff cross-training resulted in more coordinated care and efficient service delivery. Conclusion: The results show that PCSI is essential for optimal care for PLWH. Incorporating PCSI was a vital component of the health department’s comprehensive approach to addressing the multiple medical and support service needs of its HIV-infected clients.
Native American Diabetes Prevention Intervention Programs
Authors: Dong Yue , Collado Maria , Branscum Paul
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose: Diabetes is one of the biggest health problems for the American Indian and Alaska Native communities. The purpose of this study was to review lifestyle based diabetes interventions from January 1995 to January 2015. Methods: The target population within this systematic review was adult American Indians and Alaska Natives. Four databases (Medline, Google Scholar, PsychINFO, and JSTOR) were used to find articles, of which nine articles met the inclusion criteria of being either an intervention or prevention program that reported at least one physiological or biological indicator of diabetes. Results: Among the nine articles reviewed, six articles showed significant changes of physiological indicators. Three of the studies only targeted the female population. Most of the programs lasted between 6 to 12 months. A major limitation among intervention or prevention programs was an inadequate use of a theoretical behavior change model. Conclusion: Overall, it was found that physical activities and diet -based methods have the potential for diabetes prevention and intervention programs among American Indian and Alaska Native populations. Recommendations for future research include using randomized controlled trial research design, and using theory to guide program development.
Qualitative Survey Assessment of Bike Share Programs on College Campuses
Authors: Ferrara Cynthia M. , Bennett Lauren , Bracci Michelle , Bromberg Rachel , Fahey Allison , Muise Katherine
Published: July 2019

Background: Many college campuses have implemented bike share programs. These programs may be important to reduce vehicle traffic and increase physical activity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify issues and possible solutions for a successful campus bike share program. Methods: Study design: Qualitative. An online survey link was sent to 111 campus bike share coordinators in the Spring 2014. Twenty-five (22.5%) completed the survey. Answers to multiple choice questions were summarized using descriptive statistics. Answers to open-ended questions were reviewed and a list of themes was developed. Results: The majority of respondents represented large universities (56%) in urban areas (76%) with high vehicle traffic (72%). Although 84% considered their campus safe for biking, only 40% reported designated bike lanes. Most programs allowed people to sign out a bike for 24 hours or less (56%). The main problems were damage to bikes and on-time returns. Recommendations included designated mechanics for quick repairs, high quality bikes, user accountability, and user and staff training. Conclusion: Major issues and solutions were identified for campus bike share programs. Additional research needs to examine how these can be used to create successful bike share programs and how these programs might increase physical activity.
Potential Economic Impact of a Coordinated Home Visitation Program
Authors: Guo Yuqing , Lee Jung-Ah , Rousseau Julie , Pimentel Pamela , Bojorquez Yvette , Cabasag Citadel , Silva Michele , Olshansky Ellen
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose Evidence about the efficacy of healthy pregnancy home visitation programs is needed in California’s underserved Hispanic population, where preterm birth rates are higher than nonHispanic Whites. This study describes birth outcome data in a sample of families participating in the MOMS Orange County home visitation program. Methods: A descriptive comparative design was used. Birth outcome data for 1,102 women who participated in MOMS Orange County and had a live birth in 2010 were compared with data from the county of Orange (N = 38, 237) and the state of California (N = 509, 979) for the same time period, derived from county and state birth and death reports. Measures included social background, birth outcomes, and potential cost savings. Results: Although MOMS program mothers were less educated and had a higher level of poverty compared to both county and state samples, they had significantly fewer preterm births compared with the countywide and statewide samples. It was estimated that the provision of a home visitation program both countywide and statewide would result in a potential cost saving that $1.1 and $ 2.1 million, respectively. Conclusion: This coordinated prenatal program may improve birth outcomes among communities of impoverished women at potentially reduced costs.
Improving Children’s Vegetable Taste Preferences
Authors: Lederer Alyssa M. , King Mindy H. , Seo Dong-Chul , Kim Nayoung
Published: July 2019

Background: Despite the high nutritional content of vegetables, children do not eat them at optimal levels. Research has recommended that interventions aimed at increasing vegetable preferences among children be developed and evaluated. Purpose: This study describes an evidence- and theory-informed school-based vegetable taste testing pilot program for fourth and fifth grade students and reports evaluative findings. Methods: Pre and post structured interviews with N=36 students were conducted at a public school in southern Indiana in 2013-2014. Paired samples t-tests were performed for most outcome analyses. Process evaluation was conducted using multiple methods including feedback from school personnel, observation, and student taste testing tracking. Results: The program improved children’s familiarity with, perceptions of, and peer norms for most vegetables. It also improved children’s taste preference for one of the four vegetables. The program was feasible to implement with high levels of student participation. Conclusion: Results justify further research on taste testing programs as a promising intervention to improve children’s vegetable taste preferences and other determinants of vegetable consumption. Recommendations are provided to improve the utility of these programs.