bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible-light-mediated synthesis of oxime esters via multicomponent reactions of aldehydes, aryl amines, and N-hydroxyphthalimide esters
Authors: Nguyen Anh Thu , Kim Hee-Kwon
Published: October 2023

Practical and efficient visible-light-induced synthesis of oxime esters has been achieved via multicomponent reactions in the presence of catalytic eosin Y.
Cylindrical brushes with ionized side chains: Scaling theory revisited
Authors: Zhulina Ekaterina B. , Borisov Oleg V.
Published: October 2023

We revisit the classic scaling model of a cylindrical polyelectrolyte (PE) brush focusing on molecular brushes with stiff backbones and dispersions of polymer-decorated nanorods.
Injectable spontaneously formed asymmetric adhesive hydrogel with controllable removal for wound healing
Authors: Liang Lei , Li Xi , Tan Zhouying , Liu Min , Qiu Yuwei , Yu Qingyu , Yu Chaojie , Yao Mengmeng , Guo Bingyan , Yao Fanglian , Che Pengcheng , Zhang Hong , Li Junjie
Published: October 2023

The mechanism and characteristics of injectable asymmetric hydrogel for large-scale skin trauma repair.
Diagnostic significance of alanine aminotransferase isoenzymes in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver cancers
Authors: Zhou Dandan , Yuan Zuowei , Shu Xiaoqin , Tang Hejun , Li Jie , Ye Yangmin , Tao Nana , Zhou Fangzhu , Zhang Jun , Zheng Jian , Wu Qian , Zhang Juan
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) expression is highly elevated in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of ALT isoenzymes in the total ALT activity remains unclear. In the present study, we systematically investigated the role of ALT isoenzymes in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver cancer. Materials and methods: The expression of ALT1 and ALT2 at the mRNA and protein levels in 25 paired primary liver cancer tissues was detected by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Serum ALT activity was determined using an automated biochemical analyzer. Results: The mRNA and protein expression levels of ALT1 and ALT2 were lower in the tissues of alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver cancers than in the paracancerous tissues. Notably, ALT2 was highly expressed in non-alcoholic fatty liver cancer tissues compared with alcoholic fatty liver cancer tissues. Total serum ALT activity was mainly contributed by ALT1 in alcoholic fatty liver cancer, whereas ALT1 contributed only marginally more to the total ALT activity than ALT2 in non-alcoholic fatty liver cancer. ALT2/ALT1 ratio can well discriminate normal control group, alcoholic liver cancer and non-alcoholic liver cancer. Conclusion: ALT1 contributed more to the total ALT activity than ALT2 in both alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver cancer. Serum ALT2 to ALT activity was higher in non-alcoholic fatty liver cancer than that in alcoholic fatty liver cancer. ALT2/ALT1 ratio has some diagnostic significance for alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver cancer.
Characterisation and functionalisation of chitosan nanoparticles as carriers for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules towards sustainable crop protection
Authors: Scarpin Dora , Nerva Luca , Chitarra Walter , Moffa Loredana , D'Este Francesca , Vuerich Marco , Filippi Antonio , Braidot Enrico , Petrussa Elisa
Published: October 2023

The need to minimise the impact of phytosanitary treatments for disease control boosted researchers to implement techniques with less environmental impact. The development of technologies using molecular mechanisms based on the modulation of metabolism by short dsRNA sequences appears promising. The intrinsic fragility of polynucleotides and the high cost of these techniques can be circumvented by nanocarriers that protect the bioactive molecule enabling high efficiency delivery to the leaf surface and extending its half-life.

In this work, a specific protocol was developed aiming to assess the best methodological conditions for the synthesis of low-size chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to be loaded with nucleotides. In particular, NPs have been functionalised with partially purified Green Fluorescent Protein dsRNAs (GFP dsRNA) and their size, surface charge and nucleotide retention capacity were analysed. Final NPs were also stained with FITC and sprayed on Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to assess, by confocal microscopy, both a distribution protocol and the fate of NPs up to 6 days after application.

Finally, to confirm the ability of NPs to increase the efficacy of dsRNA interference, specific tests were performed: by means of GFP dsRNA-functionalised NPs, the nucleotide permanence during time was assessed both in vitro on detached wild-type N. benthamiana leaves and in planta; lastly, the inhibition of Botrytis cinerea on single leaves was also evaluated, using a specific fungal sequence (Bc dsRNA) as the NPs’ functionalising agent.

The encouraging results obtained are promising in the perspective of long-lasting application of innovative treatments based on gene silencing.
Phylogenetic relationship among cockroach families inferred from mitochondrial12S rRNA gene sequence
Authors: KAMBHAMPATI SRINIVAS
Published: October 2023

A number of phylogenies exist for cockroaches that differ in the postulated relationships among families and genera. The relationship of the wood‐feeding genus, Cryptocercus, to other cockroach families and to termites, has generated considerable debate. Grandcolas (1994), based on morphological analysis, synonymized the family Cryptocercidae with Polyphagidae and placed the genus Cryptocercus in the subfamily Polyphaginae. To determine if an independent set of characters supports the placement of Cryptocercus in Polyphaginae, a phylogenetic analysis of relationships among representative genera of the five cockroach families was undertaken. DNA sequence of a ‐430 base pair portion of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit gene from representatives of Blattidae, Blattellidae, Blaberidae and Cryptocercus, previously published by Kambhampati (1995) and Kambhampati et al. (1996), and the homologous sequence from representatives of Polyphagidae were used in the analysis. A total of twenty cockroach taxa and three termite genera were included in the study. Because a recent study showed that Cryptocercus punctulatus consists of a species complex, DNA sequence from four individuals collected in different parts of the U.S.A. was included in the study. The trees estimated from parsimony and neighbour‐joining analyses indicated that Cryptocercus is a monophyletic clade which is most closely related to members of Blattidae. Polyphagidae is indicated as a sister group to the Blattidae + Cryptocercus complex, suggesting that Polyphagidae may belong to the superfamily Blattoidea rather than to Blaberoidea as proposed by McKittrick (1964). Blaberidae and Blattellidae were sister groups as previously proposed. Based on the present analysis, I propose that the genus Cryptocercus be retained in the family Cryptocercidae. Cockroaches
Petrogenesis of sapphirine‐bearing metatroctolites from the Buck Creek ultramafic body, southern Appalachians
Authors: TENTHOREY E. A. , RYAN J. G. , SNOW E. A.
Published: October 2023

The Buck Creek ultramafic body, North Carolina, includes aluminous lenses that have been described as troctolites. These lenses preserve mineral assemblages which record several different stages of metamorphism. The first stage is characterized by anhydrous reactions between olivine and plagioclase to produce coronas of orthopyroxene+ clinopyroxene/spinel symplectite. Thermo barometric results indicate minimum pressures of c. 6 kbar and c. 800 oC. Sapphirine replaces spinel in some clinopyroxene symplectites, and occurs as anhedral grains within amphibole, observations which in combination suggest peak
metamorphic conditions of c. 9‐10 kbar and c. 850 oC. Sapphirine‐bearing hydrous assemblages formed at the expense of the coronas, indicating a second metamorphic episode involving deeper burial,
deformation and hydration. Schistose rocks from the margins of the lenses are composed of anorthite+amphibole+margarite+corundum, and probably record a later, lower P‐T event.
Whole rock analyses for the Buck Creek lenses suggest an accumulate protolith of magnesian olivine and calcic plagioclase. Trace element data for the troctolites are consistent with data for adjacent amphibolites
in suggesting that the Buck Creek mafic and ultramafic cumulates crystallized from magmas derived from a mantle source similar to that which produces modern intraplate or rift‐related basalts. We propose
that the Buck Creek ultramafics represent basal cumulates(± uppermost mantle) from ocean crust formed in a marginal basin in the latest Precambrian. Subduction‐induced burial to at least 18 km under dry
conditions induced corona formation. Collisional events of the Taconic orogeny thrust the Buck Creek rocks into the orogenic pile to at least 30 km depth and hydrated them along zones of weakness, locally
producing P‐T ‐PH2O conditions appropriate for formation of sapphirine and hydrated assemblages, but still preserving some dry symplectites.
AC losses calculation of parallel multi‐strand flat wire windings for automotive drive motor
Authors: Yang Peipei , Liang Yanping , Liu Jia , Zhang Ke
Published: October 2023

Automobile drive motor with flat wire winding has improved the slot fill factor and efficiency. However, under the current environment of drive motors development to high frequency and voltage, the increase in winding AC loss has weakened those advantages. Accurate analysis of AC loss and the design of high‐performance windings have become the key issues and difficulties in the design process of drive motors. Based on the winding AC loss generation mechanism, the authors propose a winding AC loss analysis method, which can effectively separate DC loss, eddy current loss, and circulating current loss. The method is used to analyse winding AC loss of 60 kW flat wire winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In addition, parallel multi‐strand flat wire windings are proposed to reduce the winding AC loss and eliminate the limitation of the magnetic load of the motor on the selection of winding layers. The AC loss of the parallel multi‐strand flat wire windings at different frequencies is calculated, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed winding topology in reducing the winding AC loss. In addition, the correctness of the simulation model was verified through experiments, and the loss calculation method was verified through finite element analysis.
Enhanced flexibility utilization and coordinated dispatch method of energy‐intensive enterprises in power systems under time of use prices
Authors: Niu Tao , Li Fan , Fang Sidun
Published: October 2023

Power system can utilize the flexibility provided by energy‐intensive enterprises (EIEs) for large‐scale renewable energy penetration. However, system operators cannot obtain the manufacture scheme of EIEs due to business privacy protection. Furthermore, highly regulated electricity prices further restrict the flexible utilization of EIEs. To overcome these issues, a coordinated dispatch framework between power system and EIEs under the intrinsic time of use (TOU) prices is designed in this paper, which requires only several boundary information for interaction. Firstly, the mathematical formulation of EIEs is given based on the inherent features analysis of typical production equipment and the optimal operation scheme of EIEs can be obtained. Then, considering uncertainties of both source and loads, the purchasing energy of EIEs from the network can be adjusted through the designed framework to track renewable energy dynamics and the clear equivalence class method is used to solve fuzzy chance constrained programming. Next, the improved Asymmetric Nash Bargaining (ANB) method is adopted to carry out the distribution of benefits. Finally, a modified IEEE‐30 test system is given to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, which can effectively improve the regional consumption level of renewable energy and ensure interests of all sides.
Secondary control with reduced communication requirements for accurate reactive power sharing in AC microgrids
Authors: Baharizadeh Mehdi , Golsorkhi Mohammad Sadegh , Savaghebi Mehdi
Published: October 2023

A secondary control method is proposed for accurate reactive power sharing as well as frequency and voltage restoration in islanded AC microgrids (MGs). The proposed method consists of an MG secondary controller, local secondary controllers for distributed energy resources (DERs), and a low‐bandwidth communication link for broadcasting common data from the MG secondary controller to DERs. The broadcasted data includes the MG point of common coupling voltage magnitude and a common vertical shift for frequency and voltage restoration. Local secondary controllers calculate specific shifts for the Q‐V droop characteristic of each dispatchable DER and the V‐Q reverse droop characteristic of each photovoltaic (PV) system, aligning their operating points with the Q‐VPCC and VPCC‐Q droop characteristics, respectively. By employing VPCC as a common global variable, coordination of reactive power generation of all dispatchable DERs and PV systems is achieved, enabling accurate reactive power sharing. Importantly, in the proposed scheme, the required communication bandwidth and the communication burden are minor and are not increased with the number of DERs. Additionally, the DERs are relieved of the need for data transmission capability. The small signal stability of the proposed method is examined and its effectiveness is validated through Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop (HIL) experimental results.
A review on the identification methods of flash drought and its spatial dynamic propagation
Authors: Pang Yizhe
Published: October 2023

Flash drought is a type of drought that develops rapidly, lasting for a short period of time, and is highly destructive. During its rapid intensification stage, it is usually accompanied by high temperature, high evapotranspiration, soil moisture decline, and precipitation deficit, thus causing significant damage to ecosystems and human society. Many attempts have been made to distinguish the phenomenon of flash drought from drought and to better understand the mechanisms of its generation. Since 2013, researchers have continued to refine and clarify the definition of flash drought in response to its characteristics, and have made many efforts to propose appropriate identification methods, classify the phenomenon of flash drought, identify the mechanism of flash drought generation, and improve the early warning capability of flash drought disasters. Despite this, researchers still do not have a clear and consistent system for identifying and classifying flash drought emergencies. In addition, some researchers have explored the spatial dynamics of flash drought propagation, hoping to better understand the spatial and temporal characteristics of flash drought.
Review of energy saving technologies research in HVAC systems
Authors: Pan Yonghao
Published: October 2023

Energy consumption in the building industry occupies a significant portion of the world’s total energy consumption, and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are one of the largest energy consumers in buildings. Therefore, research on energy-saving technologies and measures for HVAC systems is essential. This paper first analyzes the workflow of HVAC systems and the causes of energy consumption, followed by combing and summarizing the existing research on energy-saving technologies for HVAC systems, namely passive energy-saving technologies, active energy-saving technologies and intelligent energy-saving technologies. In order to better understand and apply aforementioned energy-saving technologies, this paper takes a science and technology building built 30 years ago in southwest China as an example and applies the relevant energy-saving technologies to upgrade the HVAC system in a targeted manner.
Structural design and kinetic analysis of precise seed planter for tray seedling
Authors: Zou Hantao , Shen Yunde , Chen Zhenmu , Zhang Chenghao , Wang Minliang , Wu Mingge
Published: October 2023

As the most advanced vegetable cultivation technology adopted all over the world, tray seedling is the key link of vegetables to increase crop yield and economic benefit. As the key to the whole production process, the precision of tray seedlings is directly related to the survival rate of seeds. Combining the small scale of the domestic vegetable tray seedling industry, low level of mechanization, and low profit of sowing equipment, a tray seedling precision seeder is proposed in this paper and ADAMS software is used to carry out dynamic analysis on the main stressed parts. The results showed possible problems in the design of this type of mechanism, and possible causes were analyzed, the structure of the precision planter was optimized based on the results, and the motion performance of the seeder was improved, which is of great significance for the realization of precision seeding in an automated assembly line.
Research on Headway of Ventilation Shaft Design under Different Control Modes
Authors: Li Mingfeng
Published: October 2023

Tracking headway time is an important target the Metro capacity. In order to meet the 150 second design capacity in the Shanghai Chongming Line long tunnel section, this article firstly analyzes the train tracking headway time under different ventilation shaft control modes. Then, it develops a simulation tool for optimizing the location of ventilation shafts in long tunnel sections. And it develops different tracking control model algorithms for train in the ventilation shaft sections. Finally, it takes the long tunnel section between Changxingdao Station and Chenjiazhen Station in the Shanghai Chongming Line as an example to demonstrate the usability of this simulation system and the reference value of simulation results.
La « cowboy ecology » revisitée. L’évolution des pratiques de pâturage et de conservation de la nature dans le sud de l’Arizona
Authors: Lacuisse Marie-Esther , Poupeau Franck
Published: October 2023

Cet article analyse, à partir du cas de l’engagement de ranchers dans le sud de l’Arizona dans des programmes de protection de l’environnement, l’évolution des pratiques de conservation des « rangelands » et plus largement de la nature dans les zones semi-arides de l’Ouest étasunien. Loin de l’image du cowboy conquérant et destructeur que certains environnementalistes continuent de véhiculer, il donne à voir des ranchers qui s’investissent dans des pratiques destinées à protéger les écosystèmes et qui se transforment ainsi en entrepreneurs de conservation susceptibles de participer à la production de savoirs écologiques. L’article rend compte dans ce cadre (1) de politiques de protection de la nature qui ne valorisent plus seulement la planification d’espaces sauvages (wilderness) mais un travail collaboratif à partir des « working landscapes » et (2) des conditions de la valorisation d’une cowboy ecology qui participe au renouvellement de la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles et des terres.
Tracheobronchiale Verletzungen
Authors: Herrmann Dominik , Hecker Erich
Published: October 2023

Tracheobronchiale Verletzungen sind selten, gehen aber mit einer hohen Morbidität und Letalität einher. Dies liegt vor allem in Nebenerkrankungen und Begleitverletzungen der Patienten begründet. Eine grundsätzliche Klassifikation differenziert tracheobronchiale Verletzungen nach iatrogener Ursache sowie stumpfen wie auch penetrierenden Traumata.

Die genaue Inzidenz der Verletzungen ist unklar, da viele iatrogene Verletzungen inapparent verlaufen und ein Großteil der Patienten nach einer traumatischen Verletzung vor einer Behandlung im Krankenhaus verstirbt.

Patienten mit Verdacht auf eine tracheobronchiale Verletzung verlangen daher nach besonderer Aufmerksamkeit, einer schnellen Diagnostik und zügigem therapeutischem Vorgehen.

Die häufigsten Symptome sind Dyspnoe, Hämoptysen, Hautemphysem und Stridor. Die Bronchoskopie stellt die wichtigste diagnostische Maßnahme zur Beurteilung des Ausmaßes der Verletzung dar.

In Abhängigkeit der diagnostischen Befunde und dem klinischen Erscheinungsbild der Patienten gibt es verschiedene therapeutische Optionen, wobei das konservative Management an Bedeutung gewinnt. Gerade bei schwerstkranken Patienten kann im Rahmen eines risikostratifizierten Vorgehens neben einem operativen Eingriff oder einer bronchoskopischen Stentimplantation auch ein rein konservatives Vorgehen gewählt werden. Zur Planung des therapeutischen Managements ist bei jedem Patienten die jeweilige Symptomatik wegweisend.
Instrumentation and Devices Specific to Follicular Unit Excision
Authors: Josephitis David S.
Published: October 2023

The volume of hair transplantation procedures done via the follicular unit excision (FUE) harvesting technique has increased tremendously over the last few years. With this growth, new advances in technology have come along. The wide variety of instrumentation and devices can be overwhelming, especially for a novice surgeon. This chapter aims to discuss the relevant aspects of FUE and its relationship to the devices that are used to harvest grafts. The development and overview of all the major types of instrumentation will be reviewed.
What is newsworthy about Covid-19? A corpus linguistic analysis of news values in reports by China Daily and The New York Times
Authors: Liu Siyang , Yu Hailing
Published: October 2023

Integrating corpus linguistic analysis with news values, this article investigates how the Covid-19 pandemic in different countries is represented as newsworthy byChina Daily(CD) andThe New York Times(NYT), two news outlets with different cultural and political backgrounds. A distinction is made between reports on the pandemic in the newspaper’s home country and reports on the pandemic in other countries. Three corpus linguistic techniques, i.e., keywords list, collocation, and concordance, are used to analyze the headlines and leads of 2572 news reports published in 2020 and 2021. Analysis results show that when presenting the pandemic in domestic news, CD tends to highlight Proximity, Positivity, and Personalization, whereas NYT gives more prominence to Eliteness and Personalization. When the pandemic in other countries is presented, CD foregrounds Negativity, Impact, Superlativeness, and Eliteness, whereas NYT focuses on Negativity, Impact, and Proximity. Compared with NYT, CD shows a stronger tendency to adopt positive self-representation and negative other-representation in its coverage of the Covid-19 pandemic. Apart from the analysis results, the significance of the study also lies in its demonstration of the applicability of a corpus linguistic approach to news values analysis.
A flexible pressure sensor based on electrospun fiber for gait monitoring in football training
Authors: Yan Xiaoyan
Published: October 2023

After football players receive high-intensity training, they often have muscle injuries. The development of a stretchable wearable sport sensor with high sensing performance will effectively solve this problem. In this work, we develop a flexible and stretchable pressure sensor based on graphene/ESTANE TPU nanofiber electrodes and the [C2OHMIM]Cl/ESTANE TPU nanofiber electrolyte. Owing to the microporous structure of electrospun film, the pressure sensor has the advantages of good air permeability and skin compatibility. The working mechanism of the pressure sensor is based on the supercapacitance sensing mechanism, which brings a wide detection range, high repeatability, high sensitivity, and fast response. Besides, the sensor installed at the knee can perform gait analysis, such as walking and running with the ball, in football. Furthermore, the sensor array developed can monitor the pressure distribution at the knee in football in real time. This research will promote the application of intelligent sports equipment in football training.
Effects of capacitating media and incubation time on collared peccary sperm quality, acrosome reaction, and binding ability
Authors: Santos Maria Valéria de Oliveira , da Silva Andréia Maria , Aquino Leonardo Vitorino Costa de , de Oliveira Lhara Ricarliany Medeiros , Souza-Junior João Batista Freire de , Oliveira Moacir Franco de , Silva Alexandre Rodrigues , Pereira Alexsandra Fernandes
Published: October 2023

Context Several assisted reproduction techniques have been proposed for collared peccaries due to the interest in its conservation. However, there is little information about the requirements for sperm capacitation, an initial step in in vitro fertilisation. Aims We aimed to determine the optimal conditions for collared peccary sperm capacitation by comparing Tyrode’s albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) or the same media plus heparin, caffeine, or their combination at different exposure times (1, 3, and 6 h). Methods The samples were evaluated for kinetic parameters, membrane functionality and integrity, mitochondrial activity, morphology, DNA integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression levels, capacitation, and sperm binding ability using swine oocytes. Key results Samples incubated with caffeine or heparin had a higher percentage of capacitated spermatozoa. The maximum percentage of capacitation was achieved after 3 h of incubation with either agent. Moreover, spermatozoa subjected to heparin capacitation showed better motility than when subjected to caffeine, and lower ROS expression levels after 1 h. No differences were observed among incubation times for the binding ability. Conclusions In summary, collared peccary spermatozoa can be capacitated with caffeine or heparin; however, heparin better maintains sperm motility and ROS expression levels. The co-incubation of gametes in a medium with heparin for 3 h could be efficient for in vitro fertilisation in collared peccaries. Implications This result will contribute to the development of assisted reproduction techniques for conservation and productivity of collared peccaries.
Intracellular
Plasmodium
aquaporin 2 is important for sporozoite production in the mosquito vector and malaria transmission
Authors: Bailey Alexander J. , Ukegbu Chiamaka Valerie , Giorgalli Maria , Besson Tanguy Rene Balthazar , Christophides George K. , Vlachou Dina
Published: October 2023

Malaria remains a devastating disease and, with current measures failing to control its transmission, there is a need for novel interventions. A family of proteins that have long been pursued as potential intervention targets are aquaporins, which are channels facilitating the movement of water and other solutes across membranes. We identify an aquaporin in malaria parasites and demonstrate that it is important for completion of
Plasmodium
development in the mosquito vector. Disruption of AQP2 in the human parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
and the rodent parasite
Plasmodium berghei
blocks sporozoite production inside oocysts established on mosquito midguts, greatly limiting parasite infection of salivary glands and transmission to a new host. In vivo epitope tagging of AQP2 in
P. berghei
, combined with immunofluorescence assays, reveals that the protein is localized in vesicle-like organelles found in the cytoplasm of gametocytes, ookinetes, and sporozoites. The number of these organelles varies between individual parasites and lifecycle stages suggesting that they are likely part of a dynamic endomembrane system. Phylogenetic analysis confirms that AQP2 is unique to malaria and closely related parasites and most closely resembles intracellular aquaporins. Structure prediction analyses identify several unusual features, including a large accessory extracellular loop and an arginine-to-phenylalanine substitution in the selectivity filter principally determining pore function, a unique feature among known aquaporins. This in conjunction with the importance of AQP2 for malaria transmission suggests that AQP2 may be a fruitful target of antimalarial interventions.
Large language models show human-like content biases in transmission chain experiments
Authors: Acerbi Alberto , Stubbersfield Joseph M.
Published: October 2023

As the use of large language models (LLMs) grows, it is important to examine whether they exhibit biases in their output. Research in cultural evolution, using transmission chain experiments, demonstrates that humans have biases to attend to, remember, and transmit some types of content over others. Here, in five preregistered experiments using material from previous studies with human participants, we use the same, transmission chain-like methodology, and find that the LLM ChatGPT-3 shows biases analogous to humans for content that is gender-stereotype-consistent, social, negative, threat-related, and biologically counterintuitive, over other content. The presence of these biases in LLM output suggests that such content is widespread in its training data and could have consequential downstream effects, by magnifying preexisting human tendencies for cognitively appealing and not necessarily informative, or valuable, content.
Corpus-driven conceptual analysis of epidemic and coronavirus for the Humanitarian Encyclopedia
Authors: Chambó Santiago , León Araúz Pilar
Published: October 2023

Terminological conceptual analysis can be applied to purposes beyond terminology work. This article presents a Frame-based Terminology approach adapted to analyse concepts and inform the content of entries in the Humanitarian Encyclopedia. It proposes a method for conceptual analysis by systematising the extraction of knowledge rich contexts (KRCs) around corpus querying tasks through semantic sketch grammars (SSGs) and macros with knowledge patterns (KPs). KRCs are curated manually, modelled into conceptual propositions, and combined with corpus metadata into unified datasets. The method was tested on epidemic and coronavirus and their results are presented. This study provides a preliminary model to operationalise the study of conceptual variation. It also identifies the areas of terminological conceptual analysis with the potential to be informed by other research methods towards creating a standalone methodology.
Application of the Dbar-method to a nonlocal coupled modified NLS equation and nonlocal reduction
Authors: Liu Yahan , Huang Yehui , Yao Yuqin
Published: October 2023

A nonlocal modified NLS (mNLS) equation is studied by using Dbar method and nonlocal reduction. The nonlocal coupled modified NLS (cmNLS) equation and its Lax representation are derived by introducing bi-Dbar problem and parity condition. The special spectral transform matrices are defined to get the solutions of nonlocal cmNLS equation. The general reduction conditions from the nonlocal cmNLS equation to the nonlocal mNLS equation are presented. As applications, some soliton solutions, breather solutions, periodic solutions and mixed solutions of the nonlocal mNLS equation are given.
Unraveling cosmological anisotropies within stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds
Authors: Cui Yanou , Kumar Soubhik , Sundrum Raman , Tsai Yuhsin
Published: October 2023

Identifying the anisotropies in a cosmologically sourced stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) would be of significance in shedding light on the nature of primordial inhomogeneities.
For example, if SGWB carries isocurvature fluctuations, it would provide evidence for a multi-field inflationary origin of these inhomogeneities.
However, this is challenging in practice due to finite detector sensitivity and also the presence of the astrophysical foregrounds that can compete with the cosmological signal.
In this work, we explore the prospects for measuring cosmological SGWB anisotropies in the presence of an astrophysical counterpart and detector noise.
To illustrate the main idea, we perform a Fisher analysis using a well-motivated cosmological SGWB template corresponding to a first order phase transition,
and an astrophysical SGWB template corresponding to extra-galactic binary mergers, and compute the uncertainty with which various parameters characterizing the isotropic and anisotropic components can be extracted.
We also discuss some subtleties and caveats involving shot noise in the astrophysical foreground.
Overall, we show that upcoming experiments, e.g., LISA, Taiji, Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, and BBO, can all be effective in discovering plausible anisotropic cosmological SGWBs.
Ab initio calculations of mirror energy difference in sd-shell nuclei*
Authors: Li 李 Hong-Hui 红蕙 , Li 李 Jian-Guo 健国 , Xie 谢 Meng-Ran 萌冉 , Zuo 左 Wei 维
Published: October 2023

Mirror energy difference is a key observable in isospin symmetry breaking, containing rich information about nuclear structure. Understanding the mechanisms underlying mirror energy difference is important in nuclear physics. In the present work, we extensively investigated mirror energy difference using ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group approach, focusing specifically on

-shell nuclei. The low-lying spectra of Al isotopes and

isotones, together with their mirror nuclei, were calculated, followed by a systematic analysis of the evolution of the mirror energy difference. The results suggest that the large mirror energy difference is mainly caused by the weakly-bound effects and large average occupations of the

orbit. Lastly, we compare the results of our ab initio calculations with shell model results, elucidating the relationship and coherence between these two models.
Discussion on Well Control Technique During Post-fracturing Tool Interval
Authors: Song Xing-liang , Zhang Yi , Zhang Chun-hui , Zhou Xin-rong , Kong LI-hong
Published: October 2023

In the oil and gas exploration and development safety work, well control is the top priority, which goes deep into every field of oil exploration and development production. How to improve the well control consciousness of drilling engineering in the normal production process of actual drilling engineering has become an important subject faced by petroleum exploration and development. This paper focuses on the research and analysis of fracturing string internal well control problems, and puts forward a series of solutions and suggestions according to the practical experience.
Study On Fine Injection and Production in the Infill Well Area of A Transition Belt
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhu Zhen-kun , Wang Jing-qi , Wang Li-li , Guo Ying , Zhou Yu-peng
Published: October 2023

A transition belt of Daqing oilfield was put into operation in July 2019. The injection and production perfection degree of some well groups is low, the injection-production ratio is unbalanced, the formation energy is insufficient, the yield declines greatly, and the water cut rises quickly.In order to slow down the decline of the block and control the rising speed of water cut, the actual problems existing in the block are discussed. By drawing on the successful adjustment practice of the infill well area of the transitional belt in the B transition belt, the injection and production status and adjustment methods of the infill well area in the transitional belt in A transition belt were studied, two aspects of injection-production system and injection-production structure in block are considered. Different adjustment countermeasures were formulated for oil and water Wells in different strips, and the direction of fine injection and production adjustment was clarified. By using the well focus, structure adjustment and water injection production structure adjustment and so on, effectively reduce the block production decline, control water cut increase speed, and reduce the contradiction between the layers. To realize the purpose of further increase the level of reservoir utilization and improve the development level of A transition belt. At the same time, it provides experience for the injection and production adjustment of the infill well area for the future transition zone.
Research on Fracturing Technology for Low Production and Low Efficiency Casing Damaged Wells
Authors: Zhang Kun , Mao Qing-bo , MA Zi-han , Huang Su , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2023

With the further development of Daqing Oilfield, the proportion of casing damaged wells is increasing day by day, because the casing damage location is mostly located in the upper part of the reservoir, the conventional technology can not carry out targeted fracturing construction,the low-yield and low-efficiency wells which limits the efficient development of the oil field. In order to satisfy the needs of subdivision and large-scale fracturing construction of low-yield and low-efficiency wells with casing damage, this paper studied the fracturing design principles, determined the optimal design theory of different types of wells, and can make effective fracturing schemes for different reservoirs and well conditions. At the same time, a kind of small diameter segmented fracturing tools have been developed, which can meet the fracturing operation of wells with diameter above 104mm, so that the number of fracturing segments and the scale of reconstruction are greatly higher than those of conventional technology. 30 wells have been tested in the field, and the effect of increasing oil and injection is obvious. The results show that this process can effectively improve the production status of casing damage, low production and low efficiency wells and increase the productivity of single wells.
Wygd Study on prediction method of drilling pressure in low permeability oilfield
Authors: Liu Ce
Published: October 2023

During the high water cut development stage of low permeability in M block, the overall recovery degree is low, there has 100 infilling wells been drilled since 2020 to improve the development effect. Before drilling, in order to avoid the risk of pressure safety, it is necessary to shut down the peripheral water injection wells to relieve the pressure, at the same time.Since the M Block reservoir is a low permeability reservoir, the pressure relief time after drilling off is long, which increases the impact on the production of developing wells and increases the fluid transportation and the related production costs, while there is no uniform standard for the time, pressure and distance of drilling off. In order to control the production loss of developing wells and save the shut-in cost. This paper applies numerical simulation and reservoir engineering method, by establishing fine geological model, optimizing simulation technology, considering the influence of start-up pressure gradient, establishing theoretical formula and mathematical model of drilling pressure, clarifying the law of drilling-off pressure relief and pressure drop, calculating the formation pressure of single well in the whole area, forming the drilling-off limit and rapid pressure prediction method, through comparison and verification, the overall deviation is 3.8%, and the method is accurate and reliable.
Electrodeposition of Double Chromium Plating to Improve Corrosion Performance of Screw Drilling in Chloride Environment
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Liu Chang , Gao Jian , Bao Ming-yu , Wang Jing-bo , Gao Yue , Tang Li , Tang Qiu-ping
Published: October 2023

To adapt to and satisfy rising energy demand, oil and gas exploration and production are gradually spreading to locations with poor underground conditions, and the demand for screw drilling instruments is rising as well. When underground drilling tool materials are subjected to these harsh operating circumstances, they corrode severely and may even cause drill pipe breakage and blowout incidents. Failure due to corrosion is still the most common type of failure, with drilling fluid being the leading cause of downhole drilling tool corrosion and equipment damage, particularly in high-temperature and high-pressure working conditions with higher corrosiveness, which must be avoided and controlled. Double chromium was successfully plated on the surface of the screw rotor using the electrodeposition method to extend the service life of screw drilling instruments. Electrochemical methods such as scanning electron microscopy, open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarization curve were used to analyze the plating’s morphology and corrosion resistance. The research results show that at high chloride concentrations (50g/L∼100g/L), when the chloride ion concentration is 60g/L, corrosion resistance is the lowest, and that double chromium plating enhances threaded drilling tool corrosion resistance. The dual chromium plating’s polarization resistance has been enhanced by 18 times. The double chrome plated milky white chrome plating functions as a physical barrier to prevent corrosive substances from diffusing to the substrate interface, corrosive ions from reaching the substrate, and considerably improving the screw rotor’s anti pitting performance.
The cambrian gog quartzite and deadwood formations of alberta: lessons for subsurface carbon sequestration
Authors: Noad Jon J
Published: October 2023

Injecting carbon dioxide into reservoirs has been undertaken since the 1940s, mostly as a method to enhance oil recovery. With the recognition of the impact of climate change, interest in carbon sequestration has increased exponentially, with hundreds of projects in progress around the globe. Many of these projects focus on Cambrian quartzites, which meet the requirements for carbon dioxide injection (CCS). Several CCS projects in Alberta, Canada, currently focus on using these reservoirs, including the Basal Cambrian Sandstone and Deadwood Formations, for injection and storage.

A series of spectacular outcrops of the Cambrian Gog Quartzite are available for study in the area around Lake Louise in the Canadian Rockies of Alberta. These outcrops provide compelling analogues to other clastic Cambrian formations in the province that have been utilized for CCS. As an example, the Gog Quartzite was used by Shell as a direct reservoir analogue when modeling CO2 injection into the Basal Cambrian Sandstone in the QUEST Project. The Gog Quartzite also has potential to act as a CCS reservoir in its own right and may reach 2 kilometres in thickness.

Outcrops of the Gog Quartzite were studied at Sink Lake, Spiral Tunnels and in the vicinity of Lake Louise in Alberta. They include fluvial and shallow marine, high net:gross sandstone beds with stacked trough cross-bedded sandstones. These are commonly interbedded with thin mudstone beds. Sedimentary structures include planar and trough cross-beds, wave ripples and contorted horizons interpreted as seismites with associated dewatering. Some units of the Gog Quartzite are heavily bioturbated with burrows including Arenicolites and Skolithos as well as other marine traces such as trilobite related ichnofacies.

The Cambrian Deadwood Formation is also a target for carbon dioxide sequestration and provides the main reservoir for the Aquistore Project in Saskatchewan. It has been targeted by exploration wells in eastern Alberta and a new core study has demonstrated its suitability as a CO2 reservoir. Facies ranging from regolith overlying igneous basement, through alluvial fan and tidal deposits, and out into shallow marine settings with well developed parasequences, are all seen in the cores.

The outcrop and core studies provide new data on Cambrian reservoirs which can be applied directly to potential Cambrian CCS targets in the subsurface of Alberta. The data can also be used to identify other potential Cambrian CO2 sinks around the world.
Application of Novel Differential Injection-production Optimization Strategy in Tight Pioclastic Limestone Reservoir
Authors: Hu Dandan , Wang Shu , Zhao Limin , He Bing , Ma Ruicheng , Wu Yuanbing , Hu Songhao
Published: October 2023

The permeability of the ultra-low permeability bioclastic limestone reservoir in Middel East A Oilfield is about 5md. The pore structure of the reservoir is in multimodal mode and has strong micro heterogeneity. The single well productivity was low and it was difficult to sustain production after the vertical well development was adopted in the early stage, and it has been gradually transformed into horizontal well pattern at the flank area. However, the reservoir pressure and production declined rapidly, and the development effect became worse. Through the combination of reservoir micro-characteristics and macro-production performance characteristics, this paper clarifies the ultra-low permeability bioclastic limestone oil displacement mechanism and remaining oil distribution law under the micro-macroscopic dual scale, and clarifies the reasonable well spacing of vertical well pattern and horizontal injection-production well pattern. Based on the differential single well performance characteristics and water injection development mechanism, the injection-production connectivity evaluation model based on rapid numerical simulation is established, the regional differential injection-production strategy is formulated, the injection-production optimization adjustment criteria are established, the establishment of effective displacement system for the reservoir is supported, and the adjustment of more than 280 producers have been carried out in 2020-2022. The daily oil production of a single well has been restored from 307 barrels/day in 2019 to 483 barrels/day in 2022, and the water cut is reduced from 27.1% to 22.1%, the reservoir pressure recovery of 496psi provides important experience guidance for the scale benefit production of such tight bioclastic limestone reservoir.
The effect of hydraulic fracturing length to the well production
Authors: Eyvazov Jabrayil , Hamidov Natig
Published: October 2023

The lowering of the original or natural permeability of the reservoir rock close to the well bore is referred to as “formation damage.” Additionally, it can be described as any kind of procedure that lowers the productivity of an oil, water, or gas bearing formation. Production, drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and work over operations are just a few of the steps of recovering oil and gas from reservoirs that can result in formation damage, an unfavorable operational and financial issue. A well stimulation method used to raise well productivity is hydraulic fracturing. This method helps to transfer the crude oil and natural gas through the pores and artificially develops channels to the production well because they are stuck at specific locations in the rocks. The oil and gas are extracted from the well and delivered to the surface for further utilization. Fracturing fluid, also known as pumping fluid, typically created by mixing water and sand and injecting it under high pressure into the formation when using the hydraulic fracturing process. There are certain activities that cause damage near the wellbore which lead to reduction in productivity. The drilling operation itself causes damage to the formation as the solids and fluids of the drilling fluids, as well as the fines produced due to the drilling operation, invade the formation and reduce the formation permeability and the ability of the oil and gas to flow to the wellbore. Hydraulic fracturing improves the productivity by creating a conductive path into the reservoir. The length of hydraulic fracturing influences to the production of well. As well as length of hydraulic fracturing increases, oil and gas production from well is increasing. After some point of length, it does not influence to the production of well.