bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing obesity in the dental setting: What can be learned from oral health care professionals' efforts to screen for medical conditions
Authors: Greenberg Barbara L. , Glick Michael , Tavares Mary
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This scoping review focused on what can be learned from oral health professionals' (OHCPs) efforts to provide screenings for medical conditions in the dental setting that could guide strategies for addressing childhood obesity.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Grey Literature, and CINAHL were searched (limitation English language). Search terms covered OHCPs and various oral systemic conditions of interest (details provided in the paper. Nineteen unduplicated, relevant articles were categorized based on relationship to question.

Results

Screening for diabetes and heart disease risk in the dental setting has been shown to be effective and patients and providers are willing to participate, although not yet routinely implemented. Screening/counseling for tobacco‐cessation has been shown to be effective, but few (<10 percent) OHCPs provided this activity or received tobacco cessation training. For obesity screening/counseling, the majority of dentists (82 percent) reported they would be more willing to offer this service if obesity were directly related to oral disease. The one healthy weight intervention pilot study was well received by caregivers/patients and resulted in improved food choices. Successful implementation included a dedicated staff member, the dental hygienist. Lack of adequate training was a commonly reported barrier for all of these conditions; in addition, for obesity screening/counseling fear of appearing judgmental, and fear of patient rejection were also commonly reported.

Conclusions

Systematic studies are needed building on existing literature and exploring best implementation practices. Enhanced training is needed on relationship of oral health and systemic health and OHCPs' role.
Sedimentological and petrographic analysis of drill core FC77‐1 from the flank of the central uplift, Flynn Creek impact structure, Tennessee
Authors: Adrian David R. , King David T. , Jaret Steven J. , Ormö Jens , Petruny Lucille W. , Hagerty Justin J. , Gaither Tenielle A.
Published: May 2017

Drill core FC77‐1 on the flank of the central uplift, Flynn Creek impact structure, Tennessee, contains 175 m of impact breccia lying upon uplifted Lower Paleozoic carbonate target stratigraphy. Sedimentological analysis of this 175‐m interval carbonate breccia shows that there are three distinct sedimentological units. In stratigraphic order, unit 1 (175–109 m) is an overall coarsening‐upward section, whereas the overlying unit 2 (109–32 m) is overall fining‐upward. Unit 3 (32–0 m) is a coarsening‐upward sequence that is truncated at the top by postimpact erosion. Units 1 and 3 are interpreted as debris or rock avalanches into finer sedimentary deposits within intracrater marine waters, thus producing progressively coarser, coarsening‐upward sequences. Unit 2 is interpreted to have formed by debris or rock avalanches into standing marine waters, thus forming sequential fining‐upward deposits. Line‐logging of clasts ranging from 5 mm to 1.6 m, and thin‐section analysis of selected drill core samples (including clasts < 5 mm), both show that the Flynn Creek impact breccia consists almost entirely of dolostone clasts (90%), with minor components of cryptocrystalline melt clasts, chert and shale fragments, and clastic grains. Cryptocrystalline melt clasts, which appear isotropic in thin section, are in fact made of exceedingly fine quartz crystals that exhibit micro‐Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and micro‐Raman spectra consistent with crystalline quartz. These cryptocrystalline melt clasts are the first melt clasts of any kind to be reported from Flynn Creek impact structure.
Efficiency, effectiveness and treatment stability of clear aligners: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng M. , Liu R. , Ni Z. , Yu Z.
Published: May 2017

Structured Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the orthodontic literature with regard to efficiency, effectiveness and stability of treatment outcome with clear aligners compared with treatment with conventional brackets.

Methods

An electronic search without time or language restrictions was undertaken in October 2014 in the following electronic databases: Google Scholar, the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, Scopus, CENTRAL, MEDLINE via OVID, EMBASE via OVID and Web of Science. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles. Quality assessment of the included articles was performed. Two authors were responsible for study selection, validity assessment and data extraction.

Results

Four controlled clinical trials including a total of 252 participants satisfied the inclusion criteria. We grouped the trials into four main comparisons. One randomized controlled trial was classified as level 1B evidence, and three cohort studies were classified as level 2B evidence. Clear aligners appear to have a significant advantage with regard to chair time and treatment duration in mild‐to‐moderate cases based on several cross‐sectional studies. No other differences in stability and occlusal characteristics after treatment were found between the two systems.

Conclusions

Despite claims about the effectiveness of clear aligners, evidence is generally lacking. Shortened treatment duration and chair time in mild‐to‐moderate cases appear to be the only significant effectiveness of clear aligners over conventional systems that are supported by the current evidence.
Internal Fixation of Complicated Acetabular Fractures Directed by Preoperative Surgery with 3D Printing Models
Authors: Liu Zhao‐jie , Jia Jian , Zhang Yin‐guang , Tian Wei , Jin Xin , Hu Yong‐cheng
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of preoperative surgery with 3D printing‐assisted internal fixation of complicated acetabular fractures. A retrospective case review was performed for the above surgical procedure. A 23‐year‐old man was confirmed by radiological examination to have fractures of multiple ribs, with hemopneumothorax and communicated fractures of the left acetabulum. According to the Letounel and Judet classification, T‐shaped fracture involving posterior wall was diagnosed. A 3D printing pelvic model was established using CT digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data preoperatively, with which surgical procedures were simulated in preoperative surgery to confirm the sequence of the reduction and fixation as well as the position and length of the implants. Open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) of the acetabular fracture using modified ilioinguinal and Kocher–Langenbeck approaches was performed 25 days after injury. Plates that had been pre‐bent in the preoperative surgery were positioned and screws were tightened in the directions determined in the preoperative planning following satisfactory reduction. The duration of the operation was 170 min and blood loss was 900 mL. Postoperative X‐rays showed that anatomical reduction of the acetabulum was achieved and the hip joint was congruous. The position and length of the implants were not different when compared with those in preoperative surgery on 3D printing models. We believe that preoperative surgery using 3D printing models is beneficial for confirming the reduction and fixation sequence, determining the reduction quality, shortening the operative time, minimizing preoperative difficulties, and predicting the prognosis for complicated fractures of acetabulam.
Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis by Microscopic Unilateral Laminectomy for Bilateral Decompression: A Technical Note
Authors: Phan Kevin , Teng Ian , Schultz Konrad , Mobbs Ralph J
Published: May 2017

Lumbar spinal stenosis is typically a degenerative condition that leads to compression of the spinal canal and lateral recess, resulting in leg pain and walking disability. Surgical management is indicated after failure of non‐surgical management or rapidly worsening neurological impairment. The traditional approach is a laminectomy with foraminotomy and partial facetectomy but a newer minimally invasive option, unilateral laminectomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD), seems to demonstrate the better postoperative outcomes due to its unilateral exposure. ULBD involves a midline incision, opening the thoracolumbar fascia, retracting the paravertebral muscles unilaterally, then a hemilaminectomy, flavectomy, and decompression of the spinal canal with foraminotomy or partial facetectomy. The clinical decision on which side to approach spinal stenosis with ULBD has not been discussed in the literature. We have come up with an algorithm to decide which side to approach for ULBD based on position of spinous process and angulation, side of maximal compression, and surgeon handedness.
Catheter ablation of atrial flutter: A survey focusing on post ablation oral anticoagulation management and ECG monitoring
Authors: Attanasio Philipp , Budde Tabea , Lacour Philipp , Parwani Abdul Shokor , Pieske Burkert , Blaschke Florian , Haverkamp Wilhelm , Boldt Leif‐Hendrik , Huemer Martin
Published: May 2017

Background

A considerable amount of patients with typical atrial flutter develop atrial fibrillation after cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation. No uniform recommendations are available to guide anticoagulation regimes or electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring strategies after this procedure.

Methods

We conducted a web‐based survey in electrophysiology (EP) centers in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Responses were received from 47 centers. The survey was designed to investigate variations in management of the following: ablation strategy, oral anticoagulation (OAC) management, and ECG monitoring after successful CTI ablation.

Results

More than 55% of the participating centers assume that at least every third patient will develop atrial fibrillation during follow‐up. Despite this assumption, most EP experts (81%) would still stop OAC after CTI ablation even in patients with higher CHADS2‐VA2SC‐score, or even perform CTI in asymptomatic patients with the purpose to stop OAC (52%). Most experts agree that ECG monitoring is necessary during follow‐up. A majority still rely on short‐term monitoring tools like resting ECGs (7%) or Holter ECGs (43%), while continuous monitoring by implantable loop recorders (10%) are rarely used for postablation OAC management.

Conclusion

A majority of the centers stop OAC in patients with higher CHADS2‐VA2SC‐score after CTI ablation. There is evidence that this practice might not be safe and lead to an increased number of ischemic strokes during follow‐up. This reflects the need for prospective studies to allow for clear guidelines regarding these issues.
Enhanced root growth in phosphate‐starved Arabidopsis by stimulating de novo phospholipid biosynthesis through the overexpression of LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID ACYLTRANSFERASE 2 (LPAT2)
Authors: Angkawijaya Artik Elisa , Nguyen Van Cam , Nakamura Yuki
Published: May 2017

Upon phosphate starvation, plants retard shoot growth but promote root development presumably to enhance phosphate assimilation from the ground. Membrane lipid remodelling is a metabolic adaptation that replaces membrane phospholipids by non‐phosphorous galactolipids, thereby allowing plants to obtain scarce phosphate yet maintain the membrane structure. However, stoichiometry of this phospholipid‐to‐galactolipid conversion may not account for the massive demand of membrane lipids that enables active growth of roots under phosphate starvation, thereby suggesting the involvement of de novo phospholipid biosynthesis, which is not represented in the current model. We overexpressed an endoplasmic reticulum‐localized lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, LPAT2, a key enzyme that catalyses the last step of de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. Two independent LPAT2 overexpression lines showed no visible phenotype under normal conditions but showed increased root length under phosphate starvation, with no effect on phosphate starvation response including marker gene expression, root hair development and anthocyanin accumulation. Accompanying membrane glycerolipid profiling of LPAT2‐overexpressing plants revealed an increased content of major phospholipid classes and distinct responses to phosphate starvation between shoot and root. The findings propose a revised model of membrane lipid remodelling, in which de novo phospholipid biosynthesis mediated by LPAT2 contributes significantly to root development under phosphate starvation.
Nitric oxide induces monosaccharide accumulation through enzyme S‐nitrosylation
Authors: Zhang Zhong‐Wei , Luo Sha , Zhang Gong‐Chang , Feng Ling‐Yang , Zheng Chong , Zhou Yang‐Hong , Du Jun‐Bo , Yuan Ming , Chen Yang‐Er , Wang Chang‐Quan , Liu Wen‐Juan , Xu Xiao‐Chao , Hu Yong , Bai Su‐Lan , Kong Dong‐Dong , Yuan Shu , He Yi‐Kun
Published: May 2017

Nitric oxide (NO) is extensively involved in various growth processes and stress responses in plants; however, the regulatory mechanism of NO‐modulated cellular sugar metabolism is still largely unknown. Here, we report that NO significantly inhibited monosaccharide catabolism by modulating sugar metabolic enzymes through S‐nitrosylation (mainly by oxidizing dihydrolipoamide, a cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase). These S‐nitrosylation modifications led to a decrease in cellular glycolysis enzymes and ATP synthase activities as well as declines in the content of acetyl coenzyme A, ATP, ADP‐glucose and UDP‐glucose, which eventually caused polysaccharide‐biosynthesis inhibition and monosaccharide accumulation. Plant developmental defects that were caused by high levels of NO included delayed flowering time, retarded root growth and reduced starch granule formation. These phenotypic defects could be mediated by sucrose supplementation, suggesting an essential role of NO‐sugar cross‐talks in plant growth and development. Our findings suggest that molecular manipulations could be used to improve fruit and vegetable sweetness.
Primary Cutaneous B‐Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Arising from a Long‐Standing Lesion in a Child and Review of the Literature
Authors: Song Hannah , Todd Patricia , Chiarle Roberto , Billett Amy L. , Gellis Stephen
Published: May 2017

Precursor B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (B‐LBL) is a rare entity and primary cutaneous B‐LBL is an even more uncommon diagnosis that typically affects children. A 4‐year‐old boy presented with a persistent rash on his left cheek for almost 2 years and was found to have primary cutaneous B‐LBL. We report this case to emphasize that B‐LBL should be in the differential diagnosis for an otherwise unimpressive persistent lesion in the head and neck region and review all reported pediatric cases of primary cutaneous B‐LBL without extracutaneous involvement.
Corema album: unbiased dioecy in a competitive environment
Authors: Martins A. , Freitas H. , Costa S.
Published: May 2017

Corema albumis a dioecious coastal shrub. Dioecious plants growing in these resource‐limited habitats may present spatial segregation of the sexes (SSS) or demographic biases because of the different reproductive effort between sexes. In these environments facilitation is a more common interaction between plants than competition. To assess factors determining the distribution ofC. albummale and female plants, we investigated the influence of habitat type (sand dunes and coastal woodlands), assessed the occurrence ofSSSor demographic biases and also a possible role of these shrubs as nurse plants.

We selected threeC. albumpopulations with the two habitat types. AllC. albumindividuals were sexed, mapped and measured in three plots (20 m × 20 m) per population/habitat type. Presence and abundance of all plant species were recorded under five female and five maleC. albumplants as well as in equivalent open ground area in each of 15 plots.

According to Ripley's K function result,C. albumdid not displaySSS. Generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) show that differences in plant size were not related to plant sex. Plant inventory correspondence analysis showed that species composition and abundance were influenced by habitat type, population and the presence of aC. albumindividual, but not by its sex.GLMMindicated a detrimental effect ofC. albumon the co‐occurring plants.

Our results show that sexual dimorphism has allowedC. albumto adapt to the environment avoidingSSSor significant demographic bias, suggesting a positive outlook for its conservation.
Environmental and socioeconomic drivers of woody vegetation recovery in a human‐modified landscape in the Rio Grande basin (Colombian Andes)
Authors: Camelo Omar J. , Urrego Ligia E. , Orrego Sergio A.
Published: May 2017

In the tropics, some agricultural lands are abandoned for economic or technical reasons, leading to the recovery of woody vegetation. Our research aimed to identify the main drivers of spontaneous recovery of vegetation in a basin located in the Colombian Andes. This was done by combining spatially explicit environmental and socioeconomic variables at landscape (e.g. distances to human settlements, to roads, and to forests and mean annual precipitation) and local scales (e.g. depth of the organic layer, soil bulk density, and canopy openness). These variables were measured in 28 temporal plots of 500 m2 each, established in land cover transitions that showed the recovery of woody vegetation. The recovered woody vegetation between 1986 and 2012 exhibited a gregarious spatial pattern at the landscape scale. Ordination analysis showed distinct floristic composition among transitions and remnant forests, and species associated to each one through an indicator species analysis. Multivariate analyses revealed the relationship between the transitions and variables at both scales. Woody vegetation recovery occurred near remnant forests and far from human settlements at the landscape scale. The soil conditions (content and depth of the organic horizon and bulk density) were the main drivers at the local scale. Our findings also highlight the necessity to define different restoration approaches such as incorporation of sites where socioeconomic and environmental conditions favor the spontaneous recovery of vegetation into the existing network of protected areas in the region, and to implement active restoration projects in perturbed sites to accelerate the recovery process of Andean forests.
Beyond hectares: four principles to guide reforestation in the context of tropical forest and landscape restoration
Authors: Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Chazdon Robin L.
Published: May 2017

New climate change agreements emerging from the 21st Conference of the Parties and ambitious international commitments to implement forest and landscape restoration (FLR) are generating unprecedented political awareness and financial mobilization to restore forests at large scales on deforested or degraded land. Restoration interventions aim to increase functionality and resilience of landscapes, conserve biodiversity, store carbon, and mitigate effects of global climate change. We propose four principles to guide tree planting schemes focused on carbon storage and commercial forestry in the tropics in the context of FLR. These principles support activities and land uses that increase tree cover in human‐modified landscapes, while also achieving positive socioecological outcomes at local scales, in an appropriate contextualization: (1) restoration interventions should enhance and diversify local livelihoods; (2) afforestation should not replace native tropical grasslands or savanna ecosystems; (3) reforestation approaches should promote landscape heterogeneity and biological diversity; and (4) residual carbon stocks should be quantitatively and qualitatively distinguished from newly established carbon stocks. The emerging global restoration movement and its growing international support provide strong momentum for increasing tree and forest cover in mosaic landscapes. The proposed principles help to establish a platform for FLR implementation and monitoring based on a broad set of socioenvironmental benefits including, but not solely restricted, to carbon mitigation and wood production.
Gay men and fatherhood: Doing gender, queering gender, and the package deal
Authors: McKee Adam
Published: May 2017

The gay fatherhood literature offers a unique opportunity to analyze, apply, and explore the nuances of gender and family theories. To do this, this review will implement three theoretical models: doing gender, queer theory, and the package deal. Gay men can be viewed as both doing gender when parenting and undoing or queering traditional ideas about gender and family. It appears gay fathers are readily aware of these gendered parenting roles, but do not want their parenting to be constrained by them. Townsend's () package deal, present in his sample of heterosexual fathers, is relevant to research on gay fathers. An explanation of the importance of research on gay fathers and suggestions of future research on this demographic are made.
Three‐period, two‐treatment crossover design under long‐term carryover effect
Authors: Chatterjee Suryasish , Bandyopadhyay Uttam
Published: May 2017

The paper describes non‐parametric approach for analysis of a three‐period, two‐treatment, four‐sequence crossover design in which test procedure for interchangeability of the treatment effects is obtained. The proposed procedure is based on a non‐parametric model, which incorporates, along with the direct treatment effects and the usual carryover effects, the long‐term carryover effects. Relevant competitors are obtained. Related asymptotic results are given. By performing simulation study, we compared the procedures with respect to type I error rate and power. Furthermore, confidence intervals for treatment differences are studied. The procedures are illustrated with a data study.
Enhancement of synchronized activity between hippocampal CA1 neurons during initial storage of associative fear memory
Authors: Liu Yu‐Zhang , Wang Yao , Shen Weida , Wang Zhiru
Published: May 2017

Key points

Learning and memory storage requires neuronal plasticity induced in the hippocampus and other related brain areas, and this process is thought to rely on synchronized activity in neural networks.

We used paired whole‐cell recording in vivo to examine the synchronized activity that was induced in hippocampal CA1 neurons by associative fear learning.

We found that both membrane potential synchronization and spike synchronization of CA1 neurons could be transiently enhanced after task learning, as observed on day 1 but not day 5.

On day 1 after learning, CA1 neurons showed a decrease in firing threshold and rise times of suprathreshold membrane potential changes as well as an increase in spontaneous firing rates, possibly contributing to the enhancement of spike synchronization.

The transient enhancement of CA1 neuronal synchronization may play important roles in the induction of neuronal plasticity for initial storage and consolidation of associative memory.

The hippocampus is critical for memory acquisition and consolidation. This function requires activity‐ and experience‐induced neuronal plasticity. It is known that neuronal plasticity is largely dependent on synchronized activity. As has been well characterized, repetitive correlated activity of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons can lead to long‐term modifications at their synapses. Studies on network activity have also suggested that memory processing in the hippocampus may involve learning‐induced changes of neuronal synchronization, as observed in vivo between hippocampal CA3 and CA1 networks as well as between the rhinal cortex and the hippocampus. However, further investigation of learning‐induced synchronized activity in the hippocampus is needed for a full understanding of hippocampal memory processing. In this study, by performing paired whole‐cell recording in vivo on CA1 pyramidal cells (PCs) in anaesthetized adult rats, we examined CA1 neuronal synchronization before and after associative fear learning. We first found in naive animals that there was a low level of membrane potential (MP) synchronization and spike synchronization of CA1 PCs. In conditioned animals, we found a significant enhancement of both MP synchronization and spike synchronization, as observed on day 1 after learning, and this enhancement was transient and not observed on day 5. Accompanying learning‐induced synchronized activity was a decreased firing threshold and rise time of suprathreshold MP changes as well as an increased spontaneous firing rate, possibly contributing to the enhanced spike synchronization. The transiently enhanced CA1 neuronal synchronization may have important roles in generating neuronal plasticity for hippocampal storage and consolidation of associative memory traces.
Harvesting Energy From Time-Limited Harmonic Vibrations: Mechanical Considerations
Authors: Brennan M. J. , Gatti G.
Published: May 2017

Single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) mechanical oscillators have been the most common type of generators used to harvest energy from mechanical vibrations. When the excitation is harmonic, optimal performance is achieved when the device is tuned so that its natural frequency coincides with the excitation frequency. In such a situation, the harvested energy is inversely proportional to the damping in the system, which is sought to be very low. However, very low damping means that there is a relatively long transient in the harvester response, both at the beginning and at the end of the excitation, which can have a considerable effect on the harvesting performance. This paper presents an investigation into the mechanical design of a linear resonant harvester to scavenge energy from time-limited harmonic excitations to determine an upper bound on the energy that can be harvested. It is shown that when the product of the number of excitation cycles and the harvester damping ratio is greater (less) than about 0.19, then more (less) energy can be harvested from the forced phase of vibration than from the free phase of vibration at the end of the period of excitation. The analytical expressions developed are validated numerically on a simple example and on a more practical example involving the harvesting of energy from trackside vibrations due to the passage of a train.
Experimental Analysis of the Vibroacoustic Response of an Electric Window-Lift Gear Motor Generated by the Contact Between Carbon Brushes and Commutator
Authors: Diop S. , Rigaud E. , Cornuault P.-H. , Grandais-Menant E. , Bazin B.
Published: May 2017

This paper deals with the vibroacoustic behavior of an electric window-lift gear motor for automotive vehicle which consists of a direct current (DC) motor and a worm gear. After describing the overall vibroacoustic behavior of this system and identifying the various excitation sources involved, this study focuses on the excitation sources associated to the contacts between brushes and commutator. To that end, a specific test bench is designed. It makes use of a modified gear motor for which various specific rotors are driven with an external brushless motor. It allows the discrimination of some excitation sources associated to the contact between brushes and commutator by removing them one after the other. The respective weight of friction, mechanical shocks, electrical current flow, and commutation arcs occurring jointly at the brush/commutator interface are dissociated and evaluated. The friction and the mechanical shocks between brushes and commutator blades increase the vibroacoustic response of the window-lift gear motor. The flowing of electrical current in brushes/commutator contacts tends to moderate the frictional component of excitation sources, while commutation arcs induce their rising, leading to a global additive contribution to the dynamic response.
Free Vibration Characteristics of a Finite Ring-Stiffened Elliptic Cylindrical Shell
Authors: Fang Min , Zhu Xiang , Li Tianyun , Zhang Guanjun
Published: May 2017

A theoretical method is employed to study the free vibration characteristics of a finite ring-stiffened elliptic cylindrical shell. Vibration equations of the elliptic cylindrical shell are derived based on Flügge shell theory, and the effects of the ring stiffeners are evaluated via “smeared” stiffener theory whereby the properties of the stiffeners are averaged over the shell surface. The displacements of the shell are expanded in double Fourier series in the axial and circumferential directions, and the circumferential curvature is expanded in single Fourier series in the circumferential direction. The partial differential characteristic equations with variable coefficients are converted into a set of linear equations with constant coefficients which couple with each other about the circumferential modal parameters. Then, the natural frequencies of the finite ring-stiffened cylindrical shell are obtained. To verify the accuracy of the present method, the finite ring-stiffened elliptic cylindrical shell is degenerated into two models: one of which is a ring-stiffened circular cylindrical shell and the other of which is an elliptic cylindrical shell without ring stiffeners. The present results of the two degenerated shells show good agreements with available results from the literature. The effects of main parameters, including the ellipticity, the shell length ratio, the stiffener's interval, the stiffener's depth, and the stiffener's eccentricity, on the free vibration of the ring-stiffened elliptic cylindrical shell are examined in detail. The ellipticity makes the difference between the symmetric and antisymmetric modal frequencies of the shell. The stiffeners have a greater influence on the free vibration at relatively higher order circumferential modal parameters. The circumferential modal parameters corresponding to the fundamental frequency are affected by the ellipticity, shell length, stiffeners' interval, and depth. The eccentricity of the ring stiffeners has a weak effect on the vibration of the structure.
Influence of Ambient Airflow on Free Surface Deformation and Flow Pattern Inside Liquid Bridge With Large Prandtl Number Fluid (Pr > 100) Under Gravity
Authors: Yang Shuo , Liang Ruquan , Xiao Song , He Jicheng , Zhang Shuo
Published: May 2017

The influence of airflow shear on the free surface deformation and the flow structure for large Prandtl number fluid (Pr = 111.67) has been analyzed numerically as the parallel airflow shear is induced into the surrounding of liquid bridge from the lower disk or the upper disk. Contrasted with former studies, an improved level set method is adopted to track any tiny deformation of free surface, where the area compensation is carried out to compensate the nonconservation of mass. Present results indicate that the airflow shear can excite flow cells in the isothermal liquid bridge. The airflow shear induced from the upper disk impulses the convex region of free interface as the airflow shear intensity is increased, which may exceed the breaking limit of liquid bridge. The free surface is transformed from the “S”-shape into the “M”-shape as the airflow shear is induced from the lower disk. For the nonisothermal liquid bridge, the flow cell is dominated by the thermocapillary convection at the hot corner if the airflow shear comes from the hot disk, and another reversed flow cell near the cold disk appears. While the shape of free surface depends on the competition between the thermocapillary force and the shear force when the airflow is induced from the cold disk.
Thermocapillarity Effects on Power-Law Liquids Thin Film Over an Unsteady Stretching Sheet
Authors: Liu Tingting , Zheng Liancun , Ding Yiming , Liu Lin
Published: May 2017

This paper investigates the effects of thermocapillarity on the flow and heat transfer in power-law liquid film over an unsteady stretching sheet. The surface tension is assumed to vary linearly with temperature, and the thermal conductivity of the fluid is assumed power-law-dependent on the velocity gradient with modified Fourier's law. The local similarity solutions are obtained numerically, and some interesting new phenomena are found. Results indicate that the thermally induced surface tension provides an opposite force in the direction of the stretching sheet which may cause the fluid adjacent to the free surface to flow in the opposite directions. The effect of thermocapillarity tends to decrease the thin film thickness and results in a smaller temperature distribution. With the increasing unsteadiness parameter, the thin film thickness has a local maximum, and thermal boundary layer is confined to the lower part of the thin film for bigger Prandtl number, while the temperature in the thin film remains equal to the slit temperature with Prandtl number close to 0.
Characterizing the Spatially Dependent Sensitivity of Resonant Mass Sensors Using Inkjet Deposition
Authors: Bajaj Nikhil , Rhoads Jeffrey F. , Chiu George T.-C.
Published: May 2017

Micro- and millimeter-scale resonant mass sensors have received widespread attention due to their robust and sensitive performance in a wide range of detection applications. A key performance metric for such systems is the sensitivity of the resonant frequency of a device to changes in mass, which needs to be calibrated. This calibration is complicated by the fact that the position of the added mass on a sensor can have an effect on the measured sensitivity—therefore, a spatial sensitivity mapping is needed. To date, most approaches for experimental sensitivity characterization are based upon the controlled addition of small masses, e.g., the direct attachment of microbeads via atomic force microscopy or the selective microelectrodeposition of material, both of which are time consuming and require specialized equipment. This work proposes a method of experimental spatial sensitivity measurement that uses an inkjet system and standard sensor readout methodology to map the spatially dependent sensitivity of a resonant mass sensor—a significantly easier experimental approach. The methodology is described and demonstrated on a quartz resonator. In the specific case of a Kyocera CX3225 thickness-shear mode resonator, the location of the region of maximum mass sensitivity is experimentally identified.
Directional etch of magnetic and noble metals. I. Role of surface oxidation states
Authors: Chen Jack Kun-Chieh , Altieri Nicholas D. , Kim Taeseung , Lill Thorsten , Shen Meihua , Chang Jane P.
Published: May 2017

An organic chemical etch process based on tailoring the surface oxidation state was found to be effective in realizing directional etch of magnetic and noble metals for their integration and application in magnetoresistive random access memory devices. Using Pt, a noble metal, as a test case, plasma treatments with sulfur- and oxygen-based chemistries were able to oxidize Pt0+ to Pt2+ and Pt4+, which can be effectively removed by selected organic chemistries. The most effective control of the surface oxidation states of Pt was achieved with an O2 plasma, which was then applied with similar effectiveness to other transition and noble metals. By quantifying the reaction rate, the oxidation of transition metals (Fe and Co) was shown to follow an inverse log rate law, while that of noble metals (Pd and Pt) follows a parabolic rate law. This work highlights the importance of the surface oxidation states of magnetic and noble metals in enabling directional etch by organic chemistry.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Rhodococcus
sp. Strain 66b
Authors: Thatcher Louise F. , Myers Cindy A. , O’Sullivan Cathryn A. , Roper Margaret M.
Published: May 2017

We report here the draft genome sequence and annotation of
Rhodococcus
sp. strain 66b isolated from the soil of southwest Western Australia. This strain exhibits a range of bioactivities, including plant growth promotion, biosurfactant production, and wax degradation. Whole-genome sequencing was conducted to uncover the underlying mechanisms.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Mycoparasitic Oomycete
Pythium oligandrum
Strain CBS 530.74
Authors: Kushwaha Sandeep K. , Vetukuri Ramesh R. , Grenville-Briggs Laura J.
Published: May 2017

The oomycete
Pythium oligandrum
is a mycoparasite and licenced biological control agent. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
P. oligandrum
strain CBS 530.74, which is 36.80 Mb. It contains 341 scaffolds and 11,647 predicted protein-coding genes. As reported for plant-pathogenic
Pythium
species, RXLR-type effector sequences are absent.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian H1N1 Influenza Virus Strain Isolated from Migratory Birds in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Koo Bon-Sang , Kim Hye Kwon , Na Woonsung , Song Daesub , Kim Doo-Jin , Yoon Sun-Woo , Jeong Dae Gwin
Published: May 2017

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an H1N1 avian influenza virus (AIV), which was isolated from the feces of migratory birds in the Republic of Korea during the winters of 2014 and 2015. Full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all genome segments belonged to the Eurasian lineage.
Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes of Activated Sludge from a Sewage Plant, with or without Aerobic Granule Enrichment
Authors: Crovadore Julien , Soljan Vice , Calmin Gautier , Chablais Romain , Cochard Bastien , Lefort François
Published: May 2017

We report here the metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of activated sludge bioreactors, enriched or not enriched with aerobic granules, at an initial state and after 1 month of incubation. Data showed that the added granular biomass expressed higher levels of expression of genes involved in ammonia elimination.
Finished Whole-Genome Sequence of Clostridium argentinense Producing Botulinum Neurotoxin Type G
Authors: Halpin Jessica L. , Hill Karen , Johnson Shannon L. , Bruce David Carlton , Shirey T. Brian , Dykes Janet K. , Lúquez Carolina
Published: May 2017

Here, we present a closed genome sequence for
Clostridium argentinense
strain 89G, the first strain identified to produce botulinum neurotoxin type G (BoNT/G). Although discovered in 1970, to date, there have been no reference quality sequences publicly available for this species.
Genomovirus Genomes Recovered from
Echinothrips americanus
Sampled in Florida, USA
Authors: Kraberger Simona , Polston Jane E. , Capobianco Heather M. , Alcalá-Briseño Ricardo I. , Fontenele Rafaela S. , Varsani Arvind
Published: May 2017

Four genomovirus genomes were recovered from thrips (
Echinothrips americanus
) collected in Florida, USA. These represent four new species which are members of the
Gemycircularvirus
(
n
= 2),
Gemyduguivirus
(
n
= 1), and
Gemykibivirus
(
n
= 1) genera. This is the first record, to our knowledge, of genomoviruses associated with a phytophagous insect.
Regulation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Neuroprotective Effects of Acupuncture on Brain Injury Caused by Heroin Addiction
Authors: Gao Yong-Long , Zhang Yang , Cao Jiang-Peng , Wu Sheng-Bing , Cai Xing-Hui , Zhang Yan-Chun , Zhang Rong-Jun , Song Xiao-Ge , Zhang Li-Da
Published: May 2017

Objectives

To evaluate regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response by acupuncture and to investigate its neuroprotective effect on brain injury caused by heroin addiction.

Methods

A total of 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a healthy control group (Control), an untreated heroin exposed group (Heroin) and a heroin exposed group receiving electroacupuncture (EA) treatment at GV14 and GV20 (Heroin+acupuncture) with n=16 rats per group. A rat model of heroin addiction was established by intramuscular injection of incremental doses of heroin for 8 consecutive days. A rat model of heroin relapse was established according to the exposure (addiction) → detoxification method. Apoptotic changes in nerve cells in the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) were evaluated in each group of rats using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. PERK, eIF2a, CHOP, IRE1 and JNK gene expression and protein expression were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay and immunohistochemical assay, respectively.

Results

The total number of positive nerve cells in the hippocampus and VTA was significantly lower in the Heroin+acupuncture group than in the Heroin group (p<0.01). Compared with the Heroin group, mRNA and protein expression of PERK, eIF2a, CHOP, IRE1 and JNK in the hippocampus and VTA were significantly downregulated in the Heroin+acupuncture group (p<0.05).

Conclusion

The acupuncture-regulated ERS response appears to mediate the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture in heroin-addicted rats with brain injury. Inhibition of CHOP and JNK upregulation and reduction of nerve cell apoptosis may be the main mechanisms underlying the effects of acupuncture on heroin addiction-induced brain injury.
Towards high-reliability organising in healthcare: a strategy for building organisational capacity
Authors: Aboumatar Hanan J , Weaver Sallie J , Rees Dianne , Rosen Michael A , Sawyer Melinda D , Pronovost Peter J
Published: May 2017

In a high-reliability organisation (HRO), safety and quality (SQ) is an organisational priority, and all workforce members are engaged, continuously learning and improving their work. To build organisational capacity for SQ work, we have developed a role-tailored capacity-building framework that we are currently employing at the Johns Hopkins Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality as part of an organisational strategy towards HRO. This framework considers organisation-wide competencies for SQ that includes all staff and faculty and is integrated into a broader organisation-wide operating management system for improving quality. In this framework, achieving safe, high-quality care is connected to healthcare workforce preparedness. Capacity-building efforts are tailored to the needs of distinct groups within the workforce that fall within three categories: (1) front-line providers and staff, (2) managers and local improvement personnel and (3) SQ leaders and experts. In this paper we describe this framework, our implementation efforts to date, challenges met and lessons learnt.
Hydration Stickers - Improving oral hydration in vulnerable patients
Authors: Bhatti Alysha , Ash Javier , Gokani Shyam , Singh Suveer
Published: May 2017

Dehydration is a growing problem among elderly patients in hospital wards. Incidents such as those raised in the Francis Report highlight a problem that may not have been sufficiently addressed by current schemes. This improvement project aimed to identify the barriers faced by staff in improving oral hydration and to design and implement an effective solution. A 33 patient pilot study carried out at Chelsea & Westminster Hospital NHS Trust, United Kingdom, revealed that a significant proportion of patients were reported to be dehydrated on admission, with few having their hydration needs addressed. Staff cited time pressures and unclear task responsibility as the major barriers. The intervention was a Hydration Sticker education scheme. These stickers were placed on patient cups, notes and beside areas as a visual prompt for staff and family members to encourage the patient to drink. The intervention was implemented on the Acute Assessment Unit and Stroke ward through a poster campaign. The Hydration Stickers scheme resulted in a 6.5-fold increase in patients’ hydration needs being assessed and addressed. Coupled with the low implementation cost and ease of use, Hydration Stickers may be a simple, effective, transferable and sustainable solution to the problem of dehydration among elderly inpatients.
A late Campanian euselachian assemblage from the Bearpaw Formation of Alberta, Canada: some notable range extensions
Authors: Cook Todd D. , Brown Eric , Ralrick Patricia E. , Konishi Takuya
Published: May 2017

Herein, we report an euselachian assemblage from the late Campanian Bearpaw Formation recovered from southern Alberta, Canada. This small yet uniquely diverse fauna includes the northernmost occurrences of Paraorthacodus andersoni, Squalus worlandensis, Odontaspis aculeatus, and Archaeotriakis ornatus within the Western Interior Seaway. It also constitutes the first record of P. andersoni, S. worlandensis, and A. ornatus from Canadian deposits. Moreover, we report the stratigraphically youngest record of Cretoxyrhina mantelli. This assemblage is unique in that all the identifiable euselachian species are either pelagic or benthopelagic but not benthic. This is in stark contrast to the batoid-rich euselachian assemblage of the Lethbridge Coal Zone that immediately underlies the Bearpaw Formation in southern Alberta. We attribute this difference to dysoxic bottom waters during the deposition of the formation, rather than to sampling bias.
Preparation and thermophysical properties of erbium disilicate
Authors: Maqsood Asghari
Published: May 2017

Erbium disilicate compound was prepared by the solid state reaction technique. The structural analysis of this compound by X-ray diffraction showed that Er2Si2O7 compound exists in three polymorphs: triclinic (type B), monoclinic (type C), and the high-temperature monoclinic phase (type D). Fabrication of single crystals of this material by a flux method showed that only the C- and D-types were formed. Structural analysis, along with the thermal properties of D-Er2Si2O7, are reported. Both the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of this material are measured by the transient plane source technique simultaneously. Heat capacity per unit volume was also calculated, using the measured density of D-Er2 Si2O7.
A relook at radiation by a point charge. I
Authors: Gadre Nitin Ramchandra
Published: May 2017

Efforts to suggest a classical model for the hydrogen atom are discouraged by a conclusion, based on the principles of electrodynamics, that an accelerating charged particle necessarily radiates. In this paper, we re-examine the steps leading to this conclusion. We start with the relativistic expressions for energy and momentum of a particle and establish the relationship between special relativity and electrodynamics. The standard field expression and its relativistic transformations are then studied for a point charge source, represented by a delta function. In conventional Poynting’s theorem analysis, the rate of change of work done on a system of charges is written as addition of two terms, rate of change of stored energy, and surface integral of Poynting vector. For a delta function source, the first two terms of this equation are either non-integrable or difficult to evaluate. Only the third surface integration term can be evaluated, which is said to give radiation by the point charge. Thus, the statement that an accelerated charge radiates is a conclusion based on this Poynting vector analysis. We examine it and realize that this statement, namely, that a point charge radiates continuously just because it is accelerating, does not have adequate theoretical justification.
Flavon VEV scales in U(3)×U(3)′ model
Authors: Koide Yoshio , Nishiura Hiroyuki
Published: May 2017

We have recently proposed a quark and lepton mass matrix model based on U(3)[Formula: see text]×[Formula: see text]U(3)[Formula: see text] family symmetry as the so-called Yukawaon model, in which the U(3) symmetry is broken by VEVs of flavons [Formula: see text] which are [Formula: see text] of U(3)[Formula: see text]×[Formula: see text]U(3)[Formula: see text]. The model has successfully provided the unified description of quark and lepton masses and mixings by using the observed charged lepton masses as only family-number dependent input parameters. However, our final goal is not only to give well-satisfied fitting of quark and lepton masses and mixings, but also to investigate physics behind such a successful parameter fitting. Therefore, our next concern is scales of VEVs of the flavons because we have not paid attention to scales of flavons in the previous study. In order to give consistency among the scales, the previous flavon model is drastically changed together with economizing number of the flavons, but with keeping previous phenomenological success. We estimate that VEVs of flavons with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are of the orders of 10 TeV, 104 TeV and 107 TeV, respectively.