bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Agencyment Bicycling Latinamerican Open Streets
Authors: Troncoso LD Manfiolete
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this Letter to Editor the Journal of Psychological Science and Research presenting our particular interpretation recreational open streets programs as political technologies in the agencyment Latin American bicycling. We intend to understand organization public-private management experiences contextualized Red de Ciclovías Recreativas de las Américas (Red-CRA) and analyze the discursive convergences and divergences in this form of cultural agency related work of promoting sustainable active mobility. The ongoing research interviewed 26 promoters of recreational cycle paths from the countries of Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Mexico, based on the inclusion criteria.
Effectiveness of the Prison-Based Duluth Programme for Perpetrators of Domestic Violence in Light if Return to Crime – Polish Experience
Authors: Durańska A Więcek
Published: October 2021

Domestic violence is a phenomenon on which, for many years, there have been turbulent discussions in Poland – not only in the media and political forums, but also in the scientific community. The article presents analyses on the effectiveness of one of the key programmes addressed to perpetrators of domestic violence who are serving their sentences in prison. The Duluth programme, also known as the Duluth model, is essentially aimed at perpetrators of violence against female partners, however, it has seen many modifications and is widely used in the case of both custodial and non-custodial sentences. The results obtained indicate statistically significant differences in return to crime depending on whether the convicted person participated in the programme for perpetrators of violence or not. Among the convicts in the experimental group, i.e. those who had completed the program, the return-to-crime rate was 37%, whereas in the control group it was 55% – that is, it was significantly higher among those who had not completed the programme. As already mentioned, these differences were statistically significant.
The Diabetic Foot: New Challenges in Management and Care
Authors: Papanas Nikolaos
Published: October 2021

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain difficult to heal and notoriously tend to relapse, approximately 40% at 1 year and 65% at 5 years.1 In this context, progress is needed in 6 areas:
Cardiac Tamponade after an Anterior Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Ribeiro Carolina Romano
Published: October 2021

Cardiac tamponadeis a medical emergency which requires a fast diagnosis and treatment. We report the successful management of 51-year-old women who presented with cardiac tamponade due to ventricular rupture. Once this condition was suspected and confirmed by echocardiography, an emergent pericardiotomy was made. This case highlights the importance of a prompt diagnosis and how this could change the prognosis.
Malignancy in a Family with Carney’s Complex
Authors: Beh Sean Roy
Published: October 2021

Carney Complex is a genetic disease characterized by skin lentigenes and freckling and the growth of benign tumors in endocrine glands as well as cardiac myxoma. Malignant tumors in Carney’s Complex are extremely rare with few other case reports. We report the rare occurrence of ovarian malignancy and thyroid carcinoma separately in 2 out of 3 family members diagnosed with Carney Complex.
Diabetic Emergencies: Experience of a Tertiary Endocrine Center
Authors: Pekkolay Zafer
Published: October 2021

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate the demographic data, clinical features, laboratory data, precipitating causes of diabetic emergencies, complications in the follow-up of adult patients who applied to our hospital due to diabetic emergencies. Methods: The study included patients aged 18 years and older referred to a tertiary endocrine center with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) hypoglycemia between January 2010 and May 2018. Results: The study was carried out with 165patients, 69(41.8%) males, and 96(58.2%) females. The mean age of the patients was 43.8±20.4(18- 88). Of these patients, 77% (n=127) had DKA, 17% (n=28) had HHS and 6% (n=10) had hypoglycemia. Of the patients 55.2% (n=91) were type 1 DM, 44.8% (n=74) were type 2DM. When the precipitating causes of diabetic emergencies were examined, 32.7%(n=54) poor adherence to treatment and 32.1%(n=53) infection of the patients were involved. The new diagnosis was DM in 10.9% of the patients (n=18). The most common complication after treatment was hypopotassemia with 38.7% (n=60), but no complication was observed in the majority of patients (54.8%). In our study, total mortality was 1.8% and 11.1% in HHS patients. No mortality was found in DKA and hypoglycemia patients. Conclusion: Diabetic ketoacidosis is more common in DM patients than in other diabetic emergencies. Approximately 11% of patients do not have a known diagnosis of diabetes. Poor adherence to treatment and infection are the most important precipitating causes of the diabetic emergency. The mortality rate is very low with early diagnosis and correct treatment.
Effect of Adrenergic Drugs on the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Damage in the Rat
Authors: Salam Omar ME Abdel
Published: October 2021

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effect of the adrenergic system on oxidative stress and liver damage during mild systemic inflammation in rats. Methods: For this purpose, Eschrechia coli lipopolysacchride (LPS; 300μg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected either alone or along with the α-2 adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine, the non-selective β adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, the and β-adrenoceptor agonist adrenaline and rats euthanized 4h later. The effects of these drugs in saline-treated rats were also studied. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured. Liver tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined and liver histology evaluated. Results: In saline-treated rats (i) yohimbine caused significantly increased ALT, AST and ALP in serum. In addition, yohimbine increased MDA, NO and decreased GSH in liver tissue and caused cytoplasmic vacuolations and cellular infiltration: (ii) adrenaline treatment increased serum ALT, AST, liver MDA, decreased liver GSH and caused minute vacuolar degeneration and foci of necrosis; (iii) in contrast, there were no biochemical or histologic alterations after propranolol treatment. In endotoxaemic rats; (i) serum aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased by yohimbine together with increased liver MDA, NO and decreased GSH content; (ii) serum ALT decreased by propranolol and adrenaline while serum ALP increased by adrenaline; (iii) liver GSH increased by propranolol; (iv) LPS administration caused acute liver damage in the form of foci of necrosis, vacuolar degeneration and aggregates of inflammatory cellular infiltration. Compared with the LPS only group, treatment with yohimbine increased while propranolol or adrenaline produced less liver damage. Conclusions: Thus, blockade of α-2 adrenoceptors increased while β adrenoceptor antagonism decreased oxidative stress and liver damage following LPS administration in rats. Collectively, these results indicate a benefit from blockade of beta-adrenoceptors in protecting the liver during mild systemic inflammation in part by decreasing oxidative stress.
The Role of Technology and Investment in the Business Sector in Driving Net Exports and Economic Growth
Authors:   STIE Jaya Negara Tamansiswa Malang, Arifin Yazid , Hadi Prabowo Bambang
Published: October 2021

This study examines the role of technology and investment in the business sector in driving net exports and economic growth. This study uses secondary data from world banks to process regression using the moving average autoregression method. When the government focuses on directing the export-oriented Indonesian economy by increasing investment in the business sector and investment in the development of supporting technology for an export-oriented economy will result in integration between the business, technology and international trade sectors that will encourage net exports and export-based economic growth with a fluctuating economic growth trend following global economic conditions. However, despite this economic growth is positive.
De pandemie als criminologisch experiment
Authors: Kruisbergen Edwin , Haas Marco , van Es Lisa , Snijders Joanieke
Published: October 2021

The pandemic as a criminological experiment. The development of crime during one year of corona measures

The social abstinence imposed by governments in many countries in response to the corona pandemic raises interesting questions and research opportunities. One of those questions is how crime develops in times of forced stay at home and reduced social interaction. That question is the focus of this article. In their analysis, the authors use police data from the Corona Crime Change Monitor for twelve ‘corona months’ (mid-March 2020-mid-March 2021) and compare the development of crime in that period with the development in the same period a year earlier.
Stay home, stay safe?
Authors: Coomans Anne , van Deuren Sjoukje , van Dijk Meintje , van de Weijer Steve , Blokland Arjan , van Baak Carlijn , Kühling David , Bombeld Rosanne , Eichelsheim Veroni
Published: October 2021

Stay home, stay safe? The consequences of Covid-19 measures on domestic violence in the Netherlands

Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus in March 2020, there have been concerns worldwide about an increase in domestic violence and child abuse as a result of the measures taken to combat the pandemic. This article is based on a systematic study of the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the magnitude, nature and severity of domestic violence. A brief overview of the literature is presented as a basis for the assumptions made about a possible increase in domestic violence. The design of the study is discussed as well as the first descriptive results and trends. The authors come to the preliminary conclusion that there is no deviating trend compared to domestic violence reports in 2019, the year prior to the outbreak of the pandemic. The future direction of the research project is also discussed.
Naleving van gedragsmaatregelen tijdens de COVID-19-pandemie
Authors: Appelman Joska , Bijleveld Kiki , Ejbye-Ernst Peter , Hoeben Evelien , Liebst Lasse , Snoek Cees , Koelma Dennis , Rosenkrantz Lindegaard Marie
Published: October 2021

Compliance with COVID-19 mitigating measures in the Netherlands

To mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus, the Dutch government has implemented several rules and regulations during the pandemic. Compliance with these rules and regulations is crucial for its effectiveness. In the current article, the authors give an overview of research findings from three different studies looking at compliance with the COVID-19 mitigating measures in the Netherlands. In these studies, both manual and computer-based video-analysis is used to give insight in the behavior of people on the streets of Amsterdam. Study 1 monitors compliance with the social distancing directive and stay-at-home advice, showing that people keep less distance when it is crowded on the street. Study 2 focusses on compliance with mandatory mask-wearing and shows that mask-wearing increases with the implementation of the mandatory mask areas, but crowding does not decrease. Finally, Study 3 looks at compliance of citizens during the curfew and shows that streets became far less crowded after 9 p.m. during curfew nights.
Rechtspleging in jeugdbeschermingszaken tijdens de coronacrisis
Authors: Bauw Eddy , Glasgow Yasemin , Janssen Anne , Simon Thomas Marc
Published: October 2021

Administration of justice in youth protection cases during the COVID pandemic. A report of ongoing research

This contribution reports on an ongoing study into the impact of the COVID pandemic on the rights of vulnerable litigants in the handling of court cases concerning supervision orders and custodial placements of juveniles. The research is based on interviews with judges, lawyers and other professionals in the youth protection chain and a survey among litigants. The central question is whether the handling of these cases should be considered acceptable from the perspective of procedural and fundamental rights. In addition, the procedural justice experienced by litigants is examined. The preliminary results, based on desk research and interviews, is that of varyingly successful improvisations with telephone and digital hearings, in which procedural and fundamental rights could not be fully realized. This is mainly due to technical problems and the complexity of judicial case management under these circumstances. The interviewees differed about whether the bottom of what is acceptable was reached and how often this was the case. The final report will take stock of this and draw lessons for the future.
Machtenscheiding en rechtsstaat (of rechtersstaat?) na Urgenda
Authors: Bovend’Eert P.P.T.
Published: October 2021

Machtenscheiding en rechtsstaat (of rechtersstaat?) na Urgenda

In het Urgenda-arrest heeft de Hoge Raad vooral oog voor zijn eigen rol in de rechtsstaat, maar miskent de belangen die ten aanzien van de andere staatsmachten in het geding zijn. Het wetgevingsbevel is niet verenigbaar met grondwettelijke waarborgen voor de zelfstandigheid van de (leden van de) Staten-Generaal in het kader van de machtenscheiding. Bovendien ontspoort het arrest op het punt van het legaliteitsbeginsel in de rechtsstaat, in die zin dat het pad verlaten wordt waarbij de rechter volgens (het stelsel van) de wet en het recht rechtspreekt. De Hoge Raad past niet de wet en het recht toe, maar stelt daarvoor in de plaats de toepassing van politieke en wetenschappelijke inzichten. Daarmee begeeft de Hoge Raad zich in het politieke domein.
ON SUBCLASSES OF STARLIKE FUNCTIONS OF ORDER $\alpha$ AND TYPE $\beta$
Authors: AOUF M. K.
Published: October 2021

Let $S^*(\alpha, \beta, A, B) (0\le \alpha<1, 0<\beta\le 1, -1\le A <S\le 1, 0<B\le 1)$, denote the class of functions $f(z) = z+ \sum_{n=2}^\infty a_nz^n$ analytic in $U = \{z : |z|< 1\}$ which satisfy for $z=re^{i\theta}\in U$,
\[ \left|\frac{z\frac{f'(z)}{f(z)}-1}{(B-A)\beta\left(z\frac{f'(z)}{f(z)}-\alpha\right)+A\left(z\frac{f'(z)}{f(z)}-1\right)}\right|<1.\]

It is the purpose of this paper to show a representation formula, a distortion theo- rem, a sufficient condition for this class $S^*(\alpha, \beta, A, B)$. Furthermore, we maximize $|a_3-\mu a_2^2|$ over the class $S^*(\alpha, \beta, A, B)$ and we give the radii of convexity for functions in the class $S^*(\alpha, \beta, A, B)$.
TWO RESULTS ON $C$-CONGRUENCE NUMERICAL RADII
Authors: CHENG CHE-MAN
Published: October 2021

Let $M_n$ denote the set of $n\times n$ complex matrices. For $A$ and $C$ in $M_n$, define the $C$-congruence numerical radius of $A$ by
\[ \rho_c (A) = \max\{|tr(CUAUt)|: U \text{ is unitary}\}. \]

First, we show that $\rho_c$ is a norm on $M_n$ if and only if $C$ is neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric. Secondly, we use $\rho_c$ to characterize two matrices $A$ and $B$ in $M_n$ to be unitarily congruent (i.e. $A= UBU^t$ for some unitary $U$).
EXPONENTIAL SUBSET SELECTIONS BASED ON CENSORED DATA
Authors: Huang Wen-Tao , Wu Chin-Chuan
Published: October 2021

We propose two selection rules for selecting the largest sea.le parameter among $k (\ge 2)$ exponential populations based on type II censored data. Monotonicity properties of these rules have been shown and the respective infunum of probability of correct selection are computed. Expected size of subset selected are also computed. Some numerical studies of these two rules have also been made.
r-Stablity Index of r-Maximal Closed Hypersurfaces in de Sitter Spaces
Authors: Esmaeili B. , Haghighatdoost Gh. , Pashaie Firooz
Published: October 2021

It is well-known that some of minimal (or maximal) hypersurfaces are stable. However, there is growing recognition on unstable hypersurfaces by introducing the concept of index of stability for minimal ones. For instance, the index of stability for minimal hypersurefces in Euclidean n-sphere has been defined by J. Simons  and followed by many people. Also, Barros and Sousa have studied a high order extention of index as the concept of r-index (i.e. index of r-stability) on r-minimal hypersurfaces of n-sphere. They gave low bonds for r-stability index of r-minimal hypersurfaces in Euclidean sphere. In this paper, we low bounds for the r-stability index of r-maximal closed spacelike hypersurfaces in the de Sitter space.
Umsonst und freiwillig?
Authors: Dyk Silke van
Published: October 2021

Der Beitrag nimmt die wachsende Bedeutung von Freiwilligenarbeit in zentralen Bereichen der sozialen Daseinsvorsorge und Infrastruktur in den Blick – eine Entwicklung, die als Sachverhalt weitgehend unstrittig ist, während ihre analytische Einordnung und Bewertung divergieren. Konkret wird diese Entwicklung als Neuverhandlung des Sozialen im Spannungsfeld von Staat, Markt und Zivilgesellschaft analysiert, die eine Re-Justierung des Verhältnisses von Staat und Bürger*in bedingt. Im Zentrum des Beitrags stehen die Folgen dieser Re-Justierung für die Organisation von (Freiwilligen-)Arbeit, die als Informalisierung gefasst und analysiert wird. Derzeit entstehen, so die These, arbeitsrechtliche Graubereiche im Spannungsfeld von Freiwilligen- und Erwerbsarbeit, die empirisch kaum untersucht sind und durch die Heroisierung der Engagierten als Alltagshelden entproblematisiert werden. Die Autorin untersucht zentrale (arbeitsmarkt- und sozialpolitische) Motoren der Informalisierung und legt dar, dass und inwiefern das verbreitete Lob des Engagements und die aktuelle Engagementpolitik dazu beitragen, dass die entstehenden informalisierten Tätigkeitsfelder aus dem Blickfeld kritischer Arbeitsforschung verschwinden.
„Da könnte es ja auch ein weniger Ausgebildeter machen“
Authors: Haubner Tine
Published: October 2021

Die Sozialberufe sind Prozessen einer zunehmenden Ökonomisierung unterworfen. Zugleich lässt sich hier ein auch staatlich beförderter Bedeutungszuwachs von Freiwilligenarbeit beobachten. Beide Entwicklungen stellen die Sozialberufe, die noch immer als semiprofessionelle „Frauenberufe“ gelten, vor große Herausforderungen. Der Beitrag widmet sich dem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen der wachsenden Bedeutung von Freiwilligenarbeit und einer unvollständigen Professionalisierung in Pflege und Sozialer Arbeit. Dabei werden auf der Grundlage empirischer Befunde zwei Thesen vorgestellt: Erstens stellt der Einsatz Freiwilliger in den Sozialberufen eine Antwort auf Versorgungs- und Leistungsdefizite dar, die durch Rationalisierungs- und Ökonomisierungsprozesse verursacht werden. Dabei spielt das Engagement, so die zweite These, eine ambivalente Rolle: Einerseits entlastet es Fachkräfte. Andererseits trägt es nicht zur Aufwertung der Sozialberufe bei, sondern droht vielmehr, ihre Deprofessionalisierung zu befördern und zum Ausfallbürgen von Ökonomisierungsprozessen zu werden.
Freiwilligenarbeit als Ressource
Authors: Boemke Laura , Dyk Silke van , Haubner Tine
Published: October 2021

Der Beitrag untersucht das Zusammenspiel von strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen freiwilligen Engagements und den subjektiven Deutungsmustern und Handlungsressourcen der Engagierten. Konkret geht es darum, in diesem Spannungsfeld die Bedingungen zu untersuchen, unter denen soziale und kulturelle Dienstleistungen in die Sphäre von Engagement und freiwilliger Arbeit verlagert werden können. Dazu legen die Autorinnen zunächst empirische Beispiele für die Indienstnahme von Engagement in der sozialen Daseinsvorsorge, Infrastruktur und Bildung dar, um sodann die Perspektiven der Engagierten auf diese Praxis sowie ihre Handlungsmuster zu analysieren. Dabei wird erkennbar, dass und warum sich viele Engagierte – auch solche, die eine politische Indienstnahme von Freiwilligenarbeit problematisieren – persönlich nicht instrumentalisiert fühlen. Insgesamt offenbart die Untersuchung ein Spannungsverhältnis zwischen subjektiven Erfahrungen im alltäglichen Engagements und den arbeitsmarkt- und sozialpolitischen Implikationen des Engagements auf der gesellschaftlichen Ebene ; ein Spannungsverhältnis, das – so die These – wesentlich zur Instrumentalisierbarkeit von Freiwilligenarbeit als Ressource beiträgt.
Wandel der Familie und Wohl des Kindes
Authors: Eggen Bernd
Published: October 2021

Die Vielfalt der Familie und das Wohl des Kindes mit seiner möglichen Gefährdung stehen oft gemeinsam im Mittelpunkt politischer und rechtlicher Entscheidungen. Dabei bleibt in der Regel dieses Wohl aufgrund seiner inhärenten Normativität unbestimmt oder auf eine nahezu arbiträre Aufzählung dessen, was es ausmachen soll, reduziert. Es geht auch im Folgenden weniger darum, was das Wohl des Kindes ist, nämlich ein sozialer Sachverhalt, sondern vielmehr wie dieser soziale und zugleich als gut bewertete Sachverhalt in Familie, Politik, Recht und schließlich vom Kind selbst benannt wird. Zu beobachten sind Probleme der Grenzziehung und Zurechnung in den Selbstbeschreibungen der Sozialsysteme. Familien orientieren sich an Personen, Politik und Recht an Programmen, wenn sie ein Wohl des Kindes benennen. Hier begründen Normen, dass Kontingenz erschwert und erleichtert wird. Dort steigert „ein rekursives Netzwerk der Beobachtung von Beobachtungen“, das keinen Mittelpunkt kennt, Kontingenz. Die Probleme nehmen zu, wenn das Wohl des Kindes und sein Wohlbefinden, als psychischer Sachverhalt, thematisiert werden, also wie beides in einer modernen Gesellschaft möglich ist, also variiert und doch nicht beliebig ist. Um das angemessen zu begreifen, ist es bedeutsam, den sozialen Wandel der Familie zu verstehen, ihre extensionale und intensionalen Bedeutung zu unterscheiden.
Rechtsprechungsübersicht Strafrecht
Authors: Babucke Lea
Published: October 2021

Für diese Rechtsprechungsübersicht wurden die vom 01.04.2021 bis zum 14.07.2021 veröffentlichten, rechtspsychologisch relevanten Entscheidungen der Gerichte in Strafsachen gesichtet. Zur Konkretisierung der Leitsätze werden ggfs. ausgewählte Auszüge aus den Gründen der Entscheidungen aufgeführt. Falls erforderlich werden auch kurze Angaben zum betreffenden Sachverhalt gemacht. Anmerkungen, die der Verständlichkeit dienen, wurden in [...] gesetzt. Für jede Entscheidung wird eine Quelle angegeben, über die der Volltext recherchierbar ist. Leitsätze, die von der Autorin der Rechtsprechungsübersicht selbst aus den Entscheidungen abgeleitet wurden, sind mit (Leits. d. Red.) gekennzeichnet.
Bücher- und Testtipps mit einigen Hinweisen von Rainer Balloff
Authors: Balloff Rainer
Published: October 2021

Unter der Rubrik „Büchertipps“ werden Hinweise auf neuere Fachliteratur (Monographien, Herausgeberbände, Kommentare und gelegentlich auch Ratgeberliteratur) gegeben, die vor allem für psychologische Sachverständige und in der Rechtspsychologie tätige Leserinnen und Leser nützlich erscheinen. Die Werke werden an dieser Stelle knapp umrissen und kommentiert, ohne den Umfang einer vollständigen Rezension zu erreichen. Gelegentlich werden im Anhang an die Büchertipps auch neue Testverfahren angeführt.
Using Montelukast as an Add-on Treatment in Nephrotic Syndrome of Pediatrics: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Javidi Fatemeh , Yousefichaijan Parsa , Dorreh Fatemeh , Arjmand Ali , Rezagholizamenjany Masoud
Published: October 2021

Background: Montelukast, as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, could reduce inflammation in nephrotic syndrome (NS). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of montelukast as adjunctive agent in pediatric NS. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on patients with NS. The patients were assigned into two equal groups (N = 25 in each) of intervention (steroid + montelukast) and control and treated for one month. One month later, in the follow-up stage, their proteinuria was measured. The results before and after treatment were statistically analyzed by SPSS software version 21, and the final report of the project was presented. Results: The age of participants in the intervention and control groups was 7.26 ± 4.23 and 6.79 ± 3.91 years, respectively (P = 0.68), and there were 10 female participants in both groups (P = 1.0). Albumin levels in 96% of the control group and 76% of the intervention group were 1.5 - 2.5 μg/dL (P = 0.037). Also, 48% of participants in the control group were corticosteroid dependent, and 60% of participants in the intervention group responded to corticosteroids (P = 0.194). The severity of nephrotic syndrome was moderate in 60% of participants in the control group and mild in 60% of participants in the intervention group (P = 0.138). Conclusions: The results of present study showed that recovery rate was higher in the intervention group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Knowledge and Perception of Teenage Pregnancy in a Semi-Urban Setting in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ijoma Belema Brenda , Adetomi Bademosi
Published: October 2021

Background: The case of sexual behavior in adolescents is increasingly worrisome because teenage sexual behavior is now exceeding the limits and quite alarming. This is supported by research an increasing pattern in adolescent pregnancy in sub-Sahara Africa.

Methods: An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of knowledge and perception of 200 adolescent females was carried out in a semi-urban area in Rivers state, Nigeria.

Results: About 61% of the respondents are reportedly sexually active and 39% are not sexually active while 70.0% of the respondents had poor knowledge of teenage pregnancy and 30.0% had good knowledge of teenage pregnancy. About 33.3% of respondents with good knowledge of teenage pregnancy was between 13 – 16 years old and 56.67% of individuals with good knowledge had tertiary education. It was observed that 76% of the sexually active respondents had poor knowledge of teenage pregnancy and only 60.3% of the non-sexually active persons had poor knowledge. The analysis shows that most of the sexually active persons had poor knowledge of teenage pregnancy (chi-square = 5.78 p =0.016) and the likelihood of poor knowledge was 1.2 times (95% C.I: 1.0 – 1.5) more among the sexually active adolescents. The findings also showed that 52% think peer pressure leads to teenage pregnancy, 78% indicated that poor sexual education at school lead to teenage pregnancy, 71.5% indicated that substance abuse led to teenage pregnancy. Other factors and consequences as indicated by the respondents include: Unsupervised teenagers (83.5%), rape (86.5%), social media (81.5%), Poverty (72.0%), Unsafe abortion (87.5%), stigma and isolation (93.5%).

Conclusion: The study showed a relatively poor knowledge of teenage pregnancy especially among sexually active female adolescents. Sexual education and increased awareness are recommended to curb the spread of teen pregnancy in this region.
Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Flavonoids from Basella alba L.
Authors: Jagarwal Pushpa , Vijayvergia Rekha , Kumar Dileep
Published: October 2021

Basella alba is a perennial plant of the Basellaceae and is known by various common names including Malabar spinach. Various parts of the plant are used for treatment of the diseases as well as for different healing activities of human beings as well as animals across the globe especially in India and China. There are several phytochemical present in plants, viz. flavonoids,tannins phytosterols, alkaloids and triterpenes, etc. Flavonoids are an unusually large group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds ubiquitously distributed in plant kingdom.Basella alba L. used as medicinal herbs for rubefacient and catarrhal infections. In the present study, focus has been made to identify the flavonoid in different samples of Basella alba L.by TLC and IR. Further, the isolation of the same compound was confirmed by GC- MS analysis.Total amount of flavonoids were found in Basella alba (0.45 mg/gdw in stem and 0.36 mg/gdw in seeds ). Forty nine compounds found in GC-MS analysis .1–Methyl-4 – isopropylcyclohexyl 2- hydroperfluoro butanoate (Area of % 24.50) was found in highest amount.
Genetic Performance of Some Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Mastum and Nakai] Genotypes in Humid Tropical Agro-ecology
Authors: Agah Linus Joseph , Ankrumah Emmanuel Sariel , Ukatu Patrick Odey , Ittah Macauley Asim , David Grace Sunshine
Published: October 2021

Six varieties of watermelon (Sugar baby, Sugar dragon, Kaolack, Crimson sweet, Koloss and baby doll) were evaluated in the field to assess the genetic parameters associated with morphological traits in the watermelon genotypes. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications. There were variations in number of branches per plant, vine length, number of days to 50% flowering, number of male flowers, number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant.  Low response to selection and genetic variation was observed in most traits.  The number of days to 50% flowering had the highest heritability estimates (97%), genetic gain of 15.84% and genetic advance of 5.33. Fruit weight per plant had high heritability estimates of 89%, moderate genetic gain of 46.20% and genetic advance of 2.31. Moderate broad sense heritability estimates ranging from 55% for number of male flowers per plant to 63% for number of fruits per plant. Mean branch number had the highest genetic gain of 49.33% but moderate heritability estimates of 58.91% signifying moderate response of selection. Koloss and Kaolack had the highest genetic performance for fruits yield than Baby doll and other varieties plant in the humid environment. Therefore, Koloss and Kaolack is recommended in the humid ecology and should be cultivated in the ecological zone.
Dermatophytosis in a Suburban Hospital-A Study on Distribution and Clinical Types According to Age and Sex
Authors: Shankar Aishwarya , Thomas Jayakar
Published: October 2021

Aim and Objectives: Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection of the outermost layer of skin and its appendages such as hair, nails and scalp. The present study was undertaken with a view to find out the clinical pattern of dermatophytic infections in our hospital.

Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. History was taken, general and physical examination was done. Multiple sites were involved in some cases, but were categorised prioritising the most predominant site involved. Patient was diagnosed and classified based on clinical types, age and sex.

Results and Conclusion: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study in which 56 males and 44 females were affected. The most commonly affected age group was 19 to 59 years (63%). The most common clinical type of infection was T. cruris affecting 41% of the study population.
An 89 year old goes to hospital (with thanks to John Bowlby, 1969)
Authors: Worthington Carol
Published: October 2021

In this reflection on living, dying and ageing, the author explores her encounter with different aspects of herself and others, evoked by a recent visit to hospital.
Stigmatizing comments about medication can derail treatment
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: October 2021

Stigmatizing comments from a loved one about methadone or buprenorphine treatment, based on prevalent misinformation, can deeply sting for a person with opioid use disorder (OUD) who is relying on one of the medications as a component of recovery. As a new study featuring data from interviews with 52 treatment patients suggests, these comments often have harmful consequences for treatment, derailing disclosers' progress and placing them at serious risk.
NAATP launches nonprofit to study treatment effectiveness
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2021

Last month, the National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers (NAATP) announced the creation of a new nonprofit to measure the effectiveness of treatment for substance use disorder (SUD). Long committed to studying treatment outcomes, NAATP is now using a centralized clinical data repository to conduct its Addiction Treatment Outcomes Program, through the NAATP Foundation for Recovery Science and Education (FoRSE).
Addiction treatment needed in hospitals and EDs: Study
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2021

Emergency departments (EDs) are being faced with a 30% increase in the number of visits by patients for alcohol and substance use disorders, and hospitalizations of patients with those disorders increased by 57%, from 2014 to 2018, a recent study has found. However, the study, published Sept. 13 in the Journal of General Internal Medicine, suggests that neither EDs nor hospitals are prepared for these patients, most of whom are complex.
A Stiff yet Rapidly Self‐Healable Elastomer in Harsh Aqueous Environments
Authors: Chen Lili , Feng Wenwen , Li Mengxue , Jin Zhekai , Zhang Yucheng , Cheng Zhe , Liu Yuncong , Wang Chao
Published: October 2021

Rapid underwater self‐healing elastomers with high mechanical strength at ambient temperature are highly desirable for dangerous underwater operations. However, current room temperature self‐healing materials have shortcomings, such as low healing strength (below megapascal), long healing time (hours), and decay of healing functions in harsh environments (salty, acidic, and basic solutions), limiting their practical applications. Herein, it is introduced water‐stable Debye forces and high‐density nano‐sized physical crosslinking into one network to achieve a stiff yet rapid self‐healing elastomer that can work in harsh aqueous environments. The obtained elastomer possesses a high Young's modulus of 48 MPa (24 times than that of natural elastomer), and it can achieve 90% of maximum mechanical strength healing for 10 s at ambient temperature in all types of harsh aqueous conditions, outperforming three orders of magnitudes in healing speed of reported room‐temperature self‐healing elastomers with Young's modulus over 10 MPa. The new stiff yet rapidly healable elastomers have great potential in emergent repair in urgent and dangerous cases.
Mass Production of 2D Manifolds of Graphene Oxide by Shear Flow
Authors: Choi Gyeong Min , Park Minji , Shim Yul Hui , Kim So Youn , Lee Heon Sang
Published: October 2021

Self‐organizing 2D sheets into a 3D structure with a well‐defined arrangement and tuned bandgap has garnered significant interest. However, there exist challenges such as scalable and feasible synthetic methods and preservation of 2D properties while preventing re‐stacking. Herein, a facile method for the mass production of 2D manifolds of graphene oxide (GO), which are 3D microtubes, while maintaining their 2D properties by applying shear to roll up GO sheets, is reported. The GO mesotubes are formed by shear flow in aluminum–glass parallel plates. Redox reaction plays a vital role during the formation of GO mesotubes by the vorticity alignment during slow shear flow. A high yield of 94% is achieved at an initial pH of 2.2. The maximum d‐spacing of the GO sheet in the tube wall is 21 nm, indicating no re‐stacking of the graphitic structure. It is demonstrated that the GO mesotubes behaves like a soft gel, rendering them a candidate material for soft robotics, e‐skins, and a visible light sensor owing to their reduced optical bandgap.
Antiquenching Macromolecular NIR‐II Probes with High‐Contrast Brightness for Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Therapy under 1064 nm Irradiation
Authors: Cheng Quan , Tian Youliang , Dang Huiping , Teng Changchang , Xie Kai , Yin Dalong , Yan Lifeng
Published: October 2021

Most NIR‐II fluorescent dyes, especially polymethine cyanine, face the inevitable self‐quenching phenomenon in an aqueous solution. This unacceptable property has severely limited their application in high‐resolution biological imaging. Here, a NIR‐II macromolecular probe (MPAE) is synthesized through the structure modification of molecule probe and the covalent coupling of an amphiphilic polypeptide, which presents considerable biocompatibility and negligible systemic side effect. The molecule probe's stereo structure and the polymer's conjugation could effectively prevent the π‐π stacking, thereby exhibiting excellent quenching resistance in aqueous solutions (absolute QY = 0.178%). This remarkable feature endows it with deeper tissue penetration than the clinically used indocyanine green (ICG) and high contrast brightness at the tumor site for the NIR‐II fluorescence imaging. Based on the effective accumulation of tumor sites and considerable photothermal conversion efficiency (40.07%), the MPAE‐NPS presents superior antitumor efficiency on breast tumor‐bearing mice under the 1064 nm irradiation without rebound or recurrence. All these outstanding performances reveal the great promise of MPAE‐NPS in Nano‐drug delivery and imaging‐assisted photothermal therapy in the NIR‐II window.
Emerging Technologies in Multi‐Material Bioprinting
Authors: Ravanbakhsh Hossein , Karamzadeh Vahid , Bao Guangyu , Mongeau Luc , Juncker David , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: October 2021

Bioprinting, within the emerging field of biofabrication, aims at the fabrication of functional biomimetic constructs. Different 3D bioprinting techniques have been adapted to bioprint cell‐laden bioinks. However, single‐material bioprinting techniques oftentimes fail to reproduce the complex compositions and diversity of native tissues. Multi‐material bioprinting as an emerging approach enables the fabrication of heterogeneous multi‐cellular constructs that replicate their host microenvironments better than single‐material approaches. Here, bioprinting modalities are reviewed, their being adapted to multi‐material bioprinting is discussed, and their advantages and challenges, encompassing both custom‐designed and commercially available technologies are analyzed. A perspective of how multi‐material bioprinting opens up new opportunities for tissue engineering, tissue model engineering, therapeutics development, and personalized medicine is offered.
Photo‐Thermal Switching of Individual Plasmonically Activated Spin Crossover Nanoparticle Imaged by Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hu Yaowei , Picher Matthieu , Tran Ngoc Minh , Palluel Marlène , Stoleriu Laurentiu , Daro Nathalie , Mornet Stephane , Enachescu Cristian , Freysz Eric , Banhart Florian , Chastanet Guillaume
Published: October 2021

Spin crossover (SCO) is a promising switching phenomenon when implemented in electronic devices as molecules, thin films or nanoparticles. Among the properties modulated along this phenomenon, optically induced mechanical changes are of tremendous importance as they can work as fast light‐induced mechanical switches or allow to investigate and control microstructural strains and fatigability. The development of characterization techniques probing nanoscopic behavior with high spatio‐temporal resolution allows to trigger and visualize such mechanical changes of individual nanoscopic objects. Here, ultrafast transmission electron microscopy (UTEM) is used to precisely probe the length changes of individual switchable nanoparticles induced thermally by nanosecond laser pulses. This allows revealing of the mechanisms of spin switching, leading to the macroscopic expansion of SCO materials. This study is conducted on individual pure SCO nanoparticles and SCO nanoparticles encapsulating gold nanorods that serve for plasmonic heating under laser pulses. Length changes are compared with time‐resolved optical measurements performed on an assembly of these particles.
Exploring the Pb1−xSrxHfO3 System and Potential for High Capacitive Energy Storage Density and Efficiency
Authors: Acharya Megha , Banyas Ella , Ramesh Maya , Jiang Yizhe , Fernandez Abel , Dasgupta Arvind , Ling Handong , Hanrahan Brendan , Persson Kristin , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Martin Lane W.
Published: October 2021

The hafnate perovskites PbHfO3 (antiferroelectric) and SrHfO3 (“potential” ferroelectric) are studied as epitaxial thin films on SrTiO3 (001) substrates with the added opportunity of observing a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in the Pb1−xSrxHfO3 system. The resulting (240)‐oriented PbHfO3 (Pba2) films exhibited antiferroelectric switching with a saturation polarization ≈53 µC cm−2 at 1.6 MV cm−1, weak‐field dielectric constant ≈186 at 298 K, and an antiferroelectric‐to‐paraelectric phase transition at ≈518 K. (002)‐oriented SrHfO3 films exhibited neither ferroelectric behavior nor evidence of a polar P4mm phase . Instead, the SrHfO3 films exhibited a weak‐field dielectric constant ≈25 at 298 K and no signs of a structural transition to a polar phase as a function of temperature (77–623 K) and electric field (–3 to 3 MV cm−1). While the lack of ferroelectric order in SrHfO3 removes the potential for MPB, structural and property evolution of the Pb1−xSrxHfO3 (0 ≤ x < 1) system is explored. Strontium alloying increased the electric‐breakdown strength (EB) and decreased hysteresis loss, thus enhancing the capacitive energy storage density (Ur) and efficiency (η). The composition, Pb0.5Sr0.5HfO3 produced the best combination of EB = 5.12 ± 0.5 MV cm−1, Ur = 77 ± 5 J cm−3, and η = 97 ± 2%, well out‐performing PbHfO3 and other antiferroelectric oxides.
Encapsulation of Metallic Zn in a Hybrid MXene/Graphene Aerogel as a Stable Zn Anode for Foldable Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Xie Man , Wu Feng , Mei Yang , Hao Yutong , Li Li , Chen Renjie
Published: October 2021

A 3D host can effectively mitigate the dendritic growth of a zinc (Zn)‐metal anode. However, the increased electrode/electrolyte reaction area using the 3D substrate accelerates the passivation and corrosion at the anode interface, ultimately degrading the electrochemical performance. Here, an oriented freezing process is used to create a flexible MXene/graphene scaffold. Based on the abundant zincophilic traits and micropores in the structure, Zn is densely encapsulated inside the host by the electrodeposition process. During cycling, the composite anode endows an in situ solid electrolyte interface with zinc fluoride at the electrode/electrolyte interface due to inherent fluorine terminations in MXene, efficiently inhibiting the dendritic growth. Furthermore, the design wherein bulk Zn is distributed in a 3D microscale manner suppresses hydrogen evolution reactions (3.8 mmol h−1 cm−2) and passivation, through in/ex situ tests. As a result, in a symmetrical cell test, the electrode has a long‐cycling life of over 1000 h at 10 mA cm−2. After continuous single folding followed by double folding, a quasi‐solid‐state foldable cell with the composite anode and a LiMn2O4 cathode (60% depth of discharge) maintains high‐capacity retention of over 91%. This research presents a revolutionary encapsulating idea for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries, as well as foldable investigation.
Omnidirectional Tactile Profiling Using a Deformable Pressure Sensor Array Based on Localized Piezoresistivity
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Park Doowon , Moon Sungmin , Park Chaeyong , Thiyagarajan Kaliannan , Choi Seungmoon , Hwang Heeseon , Jeong Unyong
Published: October 2021

With the recent progress of stretchable electronics, artificial tactile sensors pursue to imitate the human tactile system that is deformable and omnidirectional without signal interference. Although deformable tactile sensors without signal interference are demonstrated previously by using stretchable transistors or diodes, achieving omnidirectional tactility is very limited. It is because covering the 3D surfaces of fingers and hands with a sensor requests the structural simplicity and the customized shape design of the sensor. Here, a simple piezoresistive sensor without using the transistors or diodes is developed. The sensor is based on the localized piezoresistivity realized by creating the elastic resistive pixels that are laterally insulating with neighboring pixels. It can be wrapped on a finger and provide the pressure profiles and the spatial deformation of the substrate when multiple mechanical stimuli are applied from arbitrary directions. Based on this omnidirectional tactility, the blind contact recognition of objects that are piled up in a box is demonstrated.
Vitrification and Rewarming of Magnetic Nanoparticle‐Loaded Rat Hearts
Authors: Gao Zhe , Namsrai Baterdene , Han Zonghu , Joshi Purva , Rao Joseph Sushil , Ravikumar Vasanth , Sharma Anirudh , Ring Hattie L. , Idiyatullin Djaudat , Magnuson Elliott C. , Iaizzo Paul A. , Tolkacheva Elena G. , Garwood Michael , Rabin Yoed , Etheridge Michael , Finger Erik B. , Bischof John C.
Published: October 2021

To extend the preservation of donor hearts beyond the current 4–6 h, this paper explores heart cryopreservation by vitrification—cryogenic storage in a glass‐like state. While organ vitrification is made possible by using cryoprotective agents (CPA) that inhibit ice during cooling, failure occurs during convective rewarming due to slow and non‐uniform rewarming which causes ice crystallization and/or cracking. Here an alternative, “nanowarming”, which uses silica‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles (sIONPs) perfusion loaded through the vasculature is explored, that allows a radiofrequency coil to rewarm the organ quickly and uniformly to avoid convective failures. Nanowarming has been applied to cells and tissues, and a proof of principle study suggests it is possible in the heart, but proper physical and biological characterization especially in organs is still lacking. Here, using a rat heart model, controlled machine perfusion loading and unloading of CPA and sIONPs, cooling to a vitrified state, and fast and uniform nanowarming without crystallization or cracking is demonstrated. Further, nanowarmed hearts maintain histologic appearance and endothelial integrity superior to convective rewarming and indistinguishable from CPA load/unload control hearts while showing some promising organ‐level (electrical) functional activity. This work demonstrates physically successful heart vitrification and nanowarming and that biological outcomes can be expected to improve by reducing or eliminating CPA toxicity during loading and unloading.
Water‐Induced Blue‐Green Variable Nonconventional Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Cross‐Linked Copolymers via Click Chemistry
Authors: Gao Liang , Zhang Yongfeng , Chen Xiaohong , Zheng Yan , Zheng Xian , Wang Chang , Wang Zhonghao , Hao Jinqiu , Tian Quanchi , Yu Xingyu , Yang Chaolong , Li Youbing , Zhao Yanli
Published: October 2021

Ultralong room temperature phosphorescence is employed in information encryption, chemical sensing, lighting, and imaging on account of its long lifetime and high signal‐to‐noise ratio. As the triplet excitons can be easily quenched and interfered by nonradiative transition process, it is difficult to obtain long‐lived phosphorescence through conventional methods. Herein, a general design strategy to form cross‐linked networks by click chemistry is presented for efficiently promoting the phosphorescence performance. Using the hydrogen bonding interactions formed between CO···HN units and covalently cross‐linked network by the BO bond, the rigidity of the entire system is greatly enhanced, so the radiative transition process is well strengthened. Interestingly, under the influence of water molecule, the afterglow colors of the system change from blue (488 nm) to green (510 nm). Because of the presence of cross‐linked network, the emission is not directly quenched when the system is intervened by water. Having long phosphorescence lifetime (841.06 ms) and high quantum yield (10.48%), the obtained system is utilized for anti‐counterfeiting demonstration. This strategy paves a new way for the design of amorphous ultralong room temperature phosphorescence materials by efficient and user‐friendly click chemistry.