bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Workplace incivility during organizational socialization: how new managers, varying in moral identity, perceive (mis)fit
Authors: Nguyen Quan Hong , Vu Linh Phuong
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the mediating role of perceived person-organization (P-O) fit in the relationship between workplace incivility and affective organizational commitment (AOC) and the moderating effect of moral identity. The context is set in the organizational socialization process of externally hired managers.

Design/methodology/approach

A theoretical model was developed based on social identity theory. With the help of Alumni offices of 4 Master of Business Administration (MBA) programs in Vietnam, 461 MBA graduates recently hired as managers were invited to participate in the study. A time-lagged survey was conducted and resulted in data from 386 participants. Hypotheses were tested using latent moderated structural equation method (LMS).

Findings

Perceived P–O misfit partially mediated the negative effect of workplace incivility on managers' AOC. The moderating impact of moral identity was also found such that the positive association between workplace incivility and perceived P-O misfit was stronger when moral identity was higher.

Research limitations/implications

This study's limitations are threefold. First, the relatively new appearance of MBA programs in Vietnam made it difficult for us to conduct longitudinal research. Second, this study focused on MBA graduates as externally hired managers, a population that, as mentioned earlier, comes from a polite and respectful environment. Third, the current study mainly used self-evaluation to measure factors which might not be fully objective and reflect externally hired managers' situation. Future research could strengthen this method by equipping it with the evaluations of other organization members.

Practical implications

A clash of identities generated by value incongruence when externally hired managers experience incivility should be recognized and mitigated during socialization. More attention should be paid to managers with moral identities.

Originality/value

The study extends the organizational socialization literature in two ways. The first way is by elucidating how a negative organizational factor – workplace incivility – leads to socialization failures. The second way is by exploring the impacts of relatively new self-identity facets, including MBA graduates as externally hired managers and moral identity.
The politics of distributing blame and credit: Evidence from a survey experiment with Norwegian local politicians
Authors: SCHÖNHAGE NANNA LAURITZ , BÆKGAARD MARTIN , GEYS BENNY
Published: July 2023

How do politicians attribute responsibility for good and poor policy outcomes across multiple stakeholders in a policy field where they themselves can affect service provision? Such ‘diffusion’ decisions are crucial to understand the political calculations underlying the allocation of blame and credit by office‐holders. We study this issue using a between‐subjects survey experiment fielded among local politicians in Norway (N = 1073). We find that local politicians attribute responsibility for outcomes in primary education predominantly to school personnel (regardless of whether performance is good or bad) and do not engage in local party‐political blame games. However, we show that local politicians are keen to attribute responsibility for poor outcomes to higher levels of government, especially when these are unaligned with the party of the respondent. These findings suggest that vertical partisan blame‐shifting prevails over horizontal partisan blame games in settings with a political consensus culture.
Assessing Brazilian reptiles' road‐kill risks using trait‐based models
Authors: Rahhal Natã Dutra Fernandes , Pinto Fernando Antonio Silva , Medrano‐Vizcaíno Pablo , Francisco Cristiane Nunes , Bruno Sávio Freire
Published: July 2023

Reptiles are an understudied group in road ecology, despite evidence of their high vulnerability to road mortality. Recently, trait‐based models have been demonstrated to be valuable tools for explaining and predicting road mortality risks for birds and mammals. The present study aimed to apply such models to reptiles for the first time. We fitted eight random forest regression models, controlling for different survey design variables, to explain 782 empirical road‐kill rates for Brazilian reptiles and selected the best‐performing model to predict road mortality risks for 572 continental species. The results showed that species that are habitat generalists, omnivorous, viviparous, cathemeral, and have intermediate clutch or litter sizes are at a higher risk of being road‐killed. The relationships for other traits included in our models were uncertain, but our findings suggest that population density and species‐specific behavioural responses to roads and traffic may play an important role in road mortality risks. Geographical location and survey design variables (especially sampling speed and sampling time) were more important in explaining the variance of the empirical road‐kill rates than any of the tested ecological and functional traits. Besides adding evidence of the vulnerability of the Amazon region to vertebrate road‐kills, this study highlights some similarities between the relationships identified here and those found for birds and mammals (such as with body mass and habitat breadth). We also corroborate that trait‐based models are useful tools to aid in conservation efforts but indicate that they can be biased by the methodologies used to collect empirical data. Future road‐kill surveys should therefore use methods specifically designed for reptiles and estimate both observer efficiency and carcass removal rates.
Drug hypersensitivity and eosinophilia: The decisive role of p‐i stimulation
Authors: Pichler Werner J. , Thoo Lester , Yerly Daniel
Published: July 2023

Eosinophilia is a common finding in drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR). Its cause is unclear, as neither antigen/allergen‐driven inflammation nor clonal expansion is involved. Most delayed‐DHRs are due to p‐i (pharmacologic interaction of drugs with immune receptors). These are off‐target activities of drugs with immune receptors that result in various types of T‐cell stimulation, some of which involve excessive IL‐5 production. Functional and phenotypic studies of T‐cell clones and their TCR‐transfected hybridoma cell lines revealed that some p‐i‐induced drug stimulations occur without CD4/ CD8 co‐receptor engagement. The CD4/CD8 co‐receptors link Lck (lymphocyte‐specific protein tyrosine kinase) and LAT (linker for activation of T cells) to the TCR. Alteration of Lck or LAT can result in a TCR signalosome with enhanced IL‐5 production. Thus, if a more affine TCR‐[drug/peptide/HLA] interaction allows bypassing the CD4 co‐receptor, a modified Lck/LAT activation may lead to a TCR signalosome with elevated IL‐5 production. This “IL‐5‐TCR‐signalosome” hypothesis could also explain eosinophilia in superantigen or allo‐stimulation (graft‐versus‐host disease), in which evasion of CD4/CD8 co‐receptors has also been described. It may open new therapeutic possibilities in certain eosinophilic diseases by directly targeting the IL‐5‐TCR signalosome.
Partial duodenectomy with seromyotomy by the “lift‐and‐cut” method for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors: A novel technique
Authors: Aoki Hikaru , Kawada Hironori , Fujiwara Yumiko , Tashima Misaki , Hanabata Yusuke , Izumi Ai , Matsui Jun , Nishitai Ryuta
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The therapeutic strategy for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors remains controversial. We developed a novel surgical technique for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors. We report the initial two cases managed with this method.

Materials and surgical technique

We endoscopically confirmed the tumor location and circumferentially incised the seromuscular layer of the duodenum along it. After circumferential seromyotomy, the submucosal layer was expanded by endoscopic insufflation, and the target lesion was sufficiently lifted. The submucosal layer, including the target lesion, was stapled and resected after confirming the absence of problems with endoscopic passage. The seromuscular layer was continuously sutured to bury and reinforce the stapler line. Single‐incision laparoscopic surgery was performed in one case. The resected specimens measured 52 × 32 mm and 50 × 26 mm with negative surgical margins. Both patients were discharged without complications and demonstrated no evidence of stenosis.

Discussion

Compared with previously reported procedures, this method of partial duodenectomy with seromyotomy for superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors is promising, simple, and safe.
First‐line immunotherapy with anti‐PD‐1 antibody for extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiao , Wen Lei , Liao Jing , Feng Yanfen , Li Yuhong , Zhou Zhaoming , Zhou Cheng , Huang Huiqiang
Published: July 2023

Anti‐PD‐1 antibody has shown certain effects in patients with newly diagnosed extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTL). Here, we evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of first‐line anti‐PD‐1 antibody for the treatment of patients with ENKTL and explored biomarkers for treatment response. The clinical data of 107 patients with newly diagnosed ENKTL were retrospectively analysed. Patients received either first‐line anti‐PD‐1 antibody induction treatment or anti‐PD‐1 antibody combined with asparaginase‐based chemotherapy (immunochemotherapy). We found that immunochemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for longer PFS (p < 0.001). The overall response rate and complete remission rate of immunochemotherapy group was higher than immunotherapy induction group (86.11% vs. 62.86% and 72.22% vs. 52.29%, respectively, p = 0.013). We also observed pretreatment CD4/CD8 ratio >0.83 was significant associated with better response and longer PFS in ENKTL patients received first‐line anti‐PD1‐antibody. Plasma copy number of EBV decreased more significantly in patients with CD4/CD8 ratio >0.83 after treatment. PD‐L1 expression was associated with better response and PFS, while elevated plasma IL‐6, IL‐10 and IFN‐γ were associated with poor prognosis. Anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment showed promising results in newly diagnosed ENKTL patients. The assessment of pretreatment CD4/CD8 ratio in ENKTL seems feasible for identifying responders to anti‐PD‐1 antibody treatment.
‘Doing family’ in adversity: Findings from a qualitative study exploring family practices in alternative care settings in Thailand
Authors: Rogers Justin , Karunan Victor , Ketnim Pryn , Saeli Aphisara
Published: July 2023

This paper presents findings from a qualitative study that explored children's and families' experiences of alternative care in Thailand. The study used arts‐based methods to engage 160 children living in a range of care settings. This included government and NGO‐run residential care settings (RCS), children's villages, Buddhist temples, migrant learning centres and foster care homes. Interviews were also conducted with 20 parents/guardians who had placed their children in care. Findings show that despite the alternative care system presenting significant challenges, the participants revealed how they strived to preserve their family connections, and how they are ‘doing family’ in adversity.
Diagnostic performance of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound in diagnosing hepatic artery occlusion after liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Songtanin Busara , Brittan Kevin , Sanchez Sebastian , Le Michelle , Schmidt Cynthia , Ingviya Thammasin , Manatsathit Wuttiporn
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Hepatic artery occlusion (HAO) is a significant complication post‐liver transplantation. Doppler ultrasound (DUS) has been widely used as an initial screening test for detecting HAO; however, its performance is often not sufficient. Although other diagnostic tests such as computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and angiogram are more accurate, they are invasive and have several limitations. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an emerging tool for detecting HAO; however, the results from previous studies were limited due to a small number of patients. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate its performance by performing a meta‐analysis.

Method

We performed a systemic review and meta‐analysis of studies evaluating the performance of CEUS for the detection of HAO in an adult population. A literature search of EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, and Medline was conducted through March 2022. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, log diagnostic odd ratio (LDOR), and area under summary receiver operating curve (AUC) were calculated. Publication bias was assessed by Deeks’ funnel plot.

Result

Eight studies were included, with 434 CEUS performed. Using a combination of CTA, MRA, angiography, clinical follow‐up, and surgery as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and LDOR of CEUS for detection of HAO were .969 (.938, .996), .991 (.981, 1.001), and 5.732 (4.539, 6.926), respectively. AUC was .959. The heterogeneity between studies appeared universally low, and no significant publication bias was found (p = .44).

Conclusion

CEUS appeared to have an excellent performance for the detection of HAO and could be considered as an alternative when DUS is non‐diagnostic or when CTA, MRA, and angiogram are not feasible.
Halogen halos: Report of an early histopathologic finding in iododerma
Authors: Bitterman Avi , Zundell Melissa Peri , Psomadakis Corinna , Kasago Israel , Phelps Robert , Niedt George , Khattri Saakshi
Published: July 2023

Iododerma is a rare cutaneous eruption that manifests after exposure to iodine‐containing compounds, with few cases reported in the literature. Previous reports of this halogenoderma have described acellular halos simulating cryptococcus on histopathological examination but there is a paucity of reports of biopsies taken early in the disease course. We present a case of a 78‐year‐old patient who developed a papular eruption after receiving iodinated contrast. A skin biopsy taken within 24 h of the eruption showed a neutrophilic infiltrate with cryptococcal‐like acellular haloed structures, indicating that the diagnostic finding may be found early in the disease course.
Cheating amongst youth offenders: How peers and their social status influence cheating
Authors: Leong Kaiwen , Li Huailu , Zuo Sharon Xuejing
Published: July 2023

We conducted an experiment with 204 youth inmates to study how the intrinsic psychological cost of cheating that was shaped by peers changed inmates' cheating behavior. We find that innately dishonest inmates who naively revealed their higher willingness to cheat indeed cheated more in the actual game. When given the chance to observe an imperfect signal of whether a peer cheated, only innately dishonest inmates followed this signal and cheated more. This positive treatment effect increases with the saliency of the signal, and becomes more pronounced when the cheating signal is from an influential peer.
Between voluntarism and compulsion: Membership in mutual health insurance societies in Swedish manufacturing, c. 1900
Authors: Stanfors Maria , Karlsson Tobias , Andersson Lars‐Fredrik , Eriksson Liselotte
Published: July 2023

Membership in mutual health insurance societies spread among industrial workers in the late nineteenth century. We study determinants of such membership among male workers in Swedish manufacturing by using matched employer–employee data from three industries covering all workers (i.e. members and non‐members, N > 12 000) and firms around 1900. We find remarkably high rates of membership overall, and especially among married workers. The association between marital status and health insurance suggests that selection into health insurance societies was ‘propitious’ rather than ‘adverse’. Many workers became members well before the age of 40 years, when their health began to deteriorate, and this coincided with the average age of first marriage for men, occurring in their late twenties. Being married and having membership was more marked in firms with voluntary membership and was important for the viability of the mix of voluntary and compulsory health insurance societies emerging in Nordic countries around 1900. Findings support the idea that health insurance can attract high levels of membership under voluntary schemes and suggest why it took so long before statutory health insurance covering sickness absence and workplace accidents was introduced in Sweden.
The self, neuroscience and psychosis study: Testing a neurophenomenological model of the onset of psychosis
Authors: Krcmar Marija , Wannan Cassandra M. J. , Lavoie Suzie , Allott Kelly , Davey Christopher G. , Yuen Hok Pan , Whitford Thomas , Formica Melanie , Youn Sarah , Shetty Jashmina , Beedham Rebecca , Rayner Victoria , Murray Graham , Polari Andrea , Gawęda Łukasz , Koren Dan , Sass Louis , Parnas Josef , Rasmussen Andreas R. , McGorry Patrick , Hartmann Jessica A. , Nelson Barnaby
Published: July 2023

Aim

Basic self disturbance is a putative core vulnerability marker of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The primary aims of the Self, Neuroscience and Psychosis (SNAP) study are to: (1) empirically test a previously described neurophenomenological self‐disturbance model of psychosis by examining the relationship between specific clinical, neurocognitive, and neurophysiological variables in UHR patients, and (2) develop a prediction model using these neurophenomenological disturbances for persistence or deterioration of UHR symptoms at 12‐month follow‐up.

Methods

SNAP is a longitudinal observational study. Participants include 400 UHR individuals, 100 clinical controls with no attenuated psychotic symptoms, and 50 healthy controls. All participants complete baseline clinical and neurocognitive assessments and electroencephalography. The UHR sample are followed up for a total of 24 months, with clinical assessment completed every 6 months.

Results

This paper presents the protocol of the SNAP study, including background rationale, aims and hypotheses, design, and assessment procedures.

Conclusions

The SNAP study will test whether neurophenomenological disturbances associated with basic self‐disturbance predict persistence or intensification of UHR symptomatology over a 2‐year follow up period, and how specific these disturbances are to a clinical population with attenuated psychotic symptoms. This may ultimately inform clinical care and pathoaetiological models of psychosis.
Gut microbiome characteristics in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Guanlin , Zhou Xiaoqi , Zhu Yikang , Shi Wendian , Kong Li
Published: July 2023

Background and purpose

The gut microbiome has been reported to be closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Here, a comprehensive meta‐analysis of gut microbial characteristics in AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) was performed to compare gut microbial alterations at each stage.

Methods

A total of 10 databases (CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed, WOS, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO and Void) were searched and 34 case–control studies were included. α and β diversity and the relative abundance of gut microbiota were analysed as outcome indices. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager (5.4.1) and R.

Results

Chao1 and Shannon index levels in AD were significantly lower compared with healthy controls (HCs), and the Chao1 index was significantly lower in MCI compared with HCs. There was a significant difference in β diversity of gut microbiomes in patients (SCD, MCI, AD) compared with HCs. The relative abundance of Firmicutes at the phylum level was significantly lower in patients with AD and MCI than HCs. However, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level was significantly higher in patients with MCI than HCs. There was an increasing trend for Enterobacteriaceae and a decreasing trend for Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus during AD; Lactobacillus showed a decreasing trend early in SCD.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that there were gut microbiological abnormalities in AD, even as early as the SCD stage. The dynamic, consistent changes in gut microbes with the disease process showed that they might serve as potential biomarkers for early identification and diagnosis of AD.
Persistent effects of historical sea levels on the population structure of a temporary wetland copepod
Authors: Emami‐Khoyi Arsalan , Jooste Candice M. , Wasserman Ryan J. , Dalu Tatenda , Raath‐Krüger Morgan J. , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine , Teske Peter R.
Published: July 2023

Temporary wetland ecosystems are common in arid and semi‐arid environments, and are inhabited by diverse invertebrate communities. Little is known about the dynamics of genetic connectivity in the geographically scattered populations of these wetland specialists.

The current study investigated the spatial genetic structure and dispersal history of a recently described calanoid copepod, Lovenula raynerae, reported from temporary wetlands in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. We tested whether the species represents a single, well‐connected population or comprises different regional genetic groups, some of which may be rare or endangered.

Mitochondrial COI sequences were generated for 365 specimens from 46 temporary wetlands spread across the species' known distribution range. Isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐environment patterns of partitioning genetic variations across the landscape were evaluated. In addition, the presence of historical impediments to gene flow between contemporary populations was investigated using a combination of Monmonier's algorithm and Bayesian reconstruction of phylogeographical diffusion in continuous space.

The wetland populations were highly structured across the landscape and could be assigned to six distinct evolutionary lineages, potentially representing some level of cryptic speciation. Two distinct phases were identified in the dispersal history of these lineages. Initially, dispersal only occurred inland of a postulated barrier, but eventually the barrier disappeared and the species extended its range by spreading into regions close to the coastline. Molecular dating shows that the barrier represents the upper limit of the coastline during the Pliocene, and that its crossing was facilitated by Pliocene sea regression in southern Africa.

Our finding shows that complex demographic histories can be preserved in the mitochondrial DNA of temporary wetland crustaceans because of limited effective gene flow after initial colonisation events. This makes them an interesting study system to explore the long‐term effects of climate change on arid ecosystem communities.
Broken engagement: The role of grit and LMX in enhancing faculty engagement
Authors: Hanley Yvonne Downie , Maykrantz Sherry A. , Houghton Jeffery D.
Published: July 2023

As the roles of faculty members have continued to expand, leaders in higher education need a better understanding of the drivers of faculty engagement. The current paper develops and tests a hypothesized model of faculty engagement in which faculty member grit is positively related to faculty member engagement both directly and indirectly through faculty member–academic chair leader member exchange (LMX). Using a sample of 156 faculty members in a mid‐sized public university in the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States, we tested the hypothesized model using PROCESS Model 4 with 5000 boot‐strapped samples and a 95% confidence interval. Results show significant direct positive relationships between faculty member grit and faculty member engagement and between faculty member–academic chair LMX and faculty member engagement, but no significant indirect relationship of faculty member grit through LMX. Implications for higher education leaders are discussed, along with limitations and directions for future research.
An object's categorizability impacts whether infants encode surface features into their object representations
Authors: Kibbe Melissa M. , Stahl Aimee E.
Published: July 2023

Infants encode the surface features of simple, unfamiliar objects (e.g., red triangle) and the categorical identities of familiar, categorizable objects (e.g., car) into their representations of these objects. We asked whether 16–18‐month‐olds ignore non‐diagnostic surface features (e.g., color) in favor of encoding an object's categorical identity (e.g., car) when objects are from familiar categories. In Experiment 1 (n = 18), we hid a categorizable object inside an opaque box. In No Switch trials, infants retrieved the object that was hidden. In Switch trials, infants retrieved a different object: an object from a different category (Between‐Category‐Switch trials) or a different object from the same category (Within‐Category‐Switch trials). We measured infants' subsequent searching in the box. Infants' pattern of searching suggested that only infants who completed a Within‐Category‐Switch trial as their first Switch trial encoded objects' surface features, and an exploratory analysis suggested that infants who completed a Between‐Category‐Switch trial as their first Switch trial only encoded objects' categories. In Experiment 2 (n = 18), we confirmed that these results were due to objects' categorizability. These results suggest infants may tailor the way they encode categorizable objects depending on which object dimensions are perceived to be task relevant.
Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) ability to pollinate Hass avocado trees within paired tree enclosures
Authors: Cook David F. , Tufail Muhammad S. , Voss Sasha C. , Deyl Robert A. , Howse Elliot T. , Foley Jacinta , Norrish Ben , Delroy Neil , Shivananjappa Sunil L.
Published: July 2023

Avocado pollination remains a major focus for producers as fruit‐set is typically very low (less than 1%). Most avocado producers in Australia utilize honey bees (Apis mellifera) to improve yield; however, there are risks with reliance on one species for future pollination security. Flies regularly visit flowers including avocado flowers. However, their pollination ability is poorly understood. To address this, visual observations of flies foraging in avocado orchards along with releases of two species of blow fly (within replicate enclosures of paired avocado trees; Hass and Type B cultivars) were conducted at a commercial orchard in south‐western Western Australia. Visual observations during flowering identified that most non‐bee flower visits were by hover flies (Melangyna viridiceps and Sphaerophoria macrogaster) and blow flies (Calliphora vicina and C. albifrontalis). Hover flies mostly foraged on flowers in the morning while blow flies were generally more active in the afternoon. Pollination as measured by harvestable fruit was higher by C. dubia (45.6 ± 10.0) than by C. albifrontalis. (26.3 ± 6.6). Compared with open trees pollinated by bees and other insects present, trees pollinated by C. dubia produced nearly two‐thirds the number of fruit. When presented with equal numbers of avocado flowers, C. dubia fed three times more often than C. albifrontalis, which may explain their higher pollination rate. Both C. dubia and C. albifrontalis transferred on average one pollen grain/flower visit. Blow flies improved avocado yield above no insect pollinators (3 fruit/tree) by an average of 31 fruit/tree (across both fly species), but considerably less than trees in the open pollinated by honey bees (128 fruit/tree). Future trials with multi‐tree enclosures will assess avocado pollination by different fly species. This study demonstrated that at least one species of blow fly could pollinate avocado and provide potential as a managed pollinator in Australian horticulture.
Insecticidal, genotoxic and biochemical effects of Shewanella sp. (SS4) and Thauera sp. (M9) on Spodoptera litura
Authors: Sarkhandia Sunaina , Devi Sarita , Sharma Geetika , Kumar Manoj , Koundal Satish , Chadha Pooja , Saini Harvinder Singh , Kaur Sanehdeep
Published: July 2023

Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest causing economic losses to a number of agricultural crops. The present study was conducted to explore the insecticidal potential of some soil bacteria against S. litura. Among the tested bacterial isolates, Shewanella sp. (SS4) and Thauera sp. (M9) caused higher larval mortality. Concentration–response bioassays indicated a dose‐dependent increase in larval mortality with maximum mortality of 80 and 76%, respectively, due to Shewanella sp. and Thauera sp. Both the bacteria negatively affected the growth and development, reduced adult emergence and induced morphological deformities in adults. Nutritional parameters of S. litura i.e. relative growth and consumption rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food as well as approximate digestibility of food decreased with increasing bacterial concentrations. Histopathological studies revealed the disruption of peritrophic membrane and midgut epithelium of larvae. Profiles of digestive enzymes i.e. α‐amylases, α, β‐glucosidases and galactosidases, lipases and proteases were also significantly decreased with bacterial treatment. Comet assay test indicated DNA damage in larval haemocytes due to bacterial infection. These results imply that both these bacterial isolates have the potential as biological control agents and may prove as environmentally friendly alternative for pest management techniques.
A new cryptic species of Imparfinis (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) from the Orinoco River basin, revealed by an iterative approach
Authors: Cortés‐Hernández Miguel Ángel , López‐Castaño Jeisson Alexis , Milani Nadia , DoNascimiento Carlos
Published: July 2023

An iterative analysis of Imparfinis, combining phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome oxidase gene and multivariate morphometrics, revealed a new cryptic species from the Andean tributaries of the Orinoco River basin, which is described here. The new species is sister to a clade constituted by Imparfinis hasemani and Imparfinis pijpersi, both from the river basins of the Guiana Shield, being also the most geographically proximate species. Nonetheless, the new species is most similar in general appearance to Imparfinis guttatus from the Madeira and Paraguay River drainages, being almost undistinguishable by conventional characters of external morphology, differing only by morphometric attributes overall. The new species can be distinguished from the remaining congeners by a unique combination of characters, including lower lobe of caudal fin darker than upper lobe, maxillary barbel reaching or surpassing pelvic‐fin insertion, 12–15 gill rakers on first gill arch, 40–42 total vertebrae and 9–10 ribs. The new species constitutes the only representative from the Orinoco River basin belonging to Imparfinis sensu stricto.
STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK FOR ZECHSTEIN CARBONATES ON THE UTSIRA HIGH, NORWEGIAN NORTH SEA
Authors: Stemmerik Lars , Blinkenberg Kasper H. , Gianotten Ingrid P. , Hodgskiss Malcolm S.W. , Lepland Aivo , Paiste Päärn , Polonio Israel , Roberts Nicholas M.W. , Rameil Niels
Published: July 2023

The preserved Zechstein succession on the Utsira High in the NE part of the Norwegian North Sea is 25‐100 m thick and is dominated by shelf carbonates. Internal subdivision of the succession is based on the recognition of key surfaces in petrophysical logs and cores, and suggests that the carbonates mainly consist of ZS2 and ZS3 deposits and that younger ZS4 and ZS5 deposits are only locally preserved. The carbonates have undergone early, syn‐depositional dolomitization followed by later dolomite recrystallization and calcitization. Calcitization, interpreted as dedolomitization, is restricted to the upper part of the ZS3 carbonate unit and based on U/Pb dating took place during the Triassic, with a later phase of recrystallization linked to mid‐Jurassic uplift. Both dedolomitization and dolomite recrystallization relate to fresh‐water infiltration with the resetting of δO18 values prior to the Late Jurassic drowning of the Utsira High. The reservoir quality of the carbonates is directly linked to post‐depositional meteoric diagenesis, and the best reservoir properties are recorded in intervals dominated by recrystallized dolomites in ZS2 and lower ZS3 carbonates. Dedolomitization significantly reduced porosity in the upper ZS3 carbonates.
ORIGIN OF OIL IN UPPER PERMIAN (ZECHSTEIN) CARBONATE RESERVOIR ROCKS AT THE JARVIS STRUCTURE UNDERLYING THE ETTRICK FIELD, OUTER MORAY FIRTH, UK NORTH SEA
Authors: Słowakiewicz Mirosław , Tucker Maurice E.
Published: July 2023

Oil in the Jarvis structure underlying the main Upper Jurassic reservoir at the Ettrick oilfield (Outer Moray Firth, UK northern North Sea) is present in Upper Permian (Zechstein) carbonates. The origin of this “Jarvis oil” is investigated in this paper using a multidisciplinary approach based on data from well‐logs and cores from wells 20/02‐2 and 20/02‐3. Reservoirs at the Jarvis structure consist of carbonates in the upper part of the Halibut Carbonate Formation (Ca2) and in the Carbonate Member of the Turbot Anhydrite Formation (Ca3). These carbonates are typical Zechstein dolomites composed of a range of facies from mudpackstones with storm beds deposited at moderate water depths to shoreface bioclastic‐oolitic packstones to shallow‐subtidal and intertidal microbial laminites. Interbedded anhydrites replace sabkha and lagoonal selenitic gypsum. Several shallowing‐upward units are recognised. Molecular analysis of the Jarvis oil, and comparisons with biomarker and other geochemical data from extracts of Zechstein cores and published data from different source rocks from the North Sea area, suggest that the oil was generated by marine, OM‐rich shales in the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation. The oil was generated at peak oil window maturity and is characterised by high Pr/Ph, BNH/H and DBT/P ratios, and abundant C28 steranes and C28+29 monoaromatic and C26R + C27S triaromatic steroids. The molecular composition of organic material in extracts of core samples of Zechstein carbonates from wells in the Jarvis structure differs significantly from that of the Jarvis oil. Biomarkers such as BNH are absent in the core extracts, and there are different distributions and abundances of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, likely controlled by thermal maturity.
THE ZECHSTEIN Z2 HAUPTDOLOMIT PLATFORM IN THE SOUTHERN UK MID NORTH SEA HIGH AND ITS ASSOCIATED PETROLEUM PLAYS, POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTIVITY
Authors: Browning‐Stamp Peter , Caldarelli Carlo , Heard Graham , Ryan James , Hendry James
Published: July 2023

The Mid North Sea High (MNSH) region represents one of the least explored areas for the Late Permian Zechstein Hauptdolomit play in the Southern Permian Basin although some of the first offshore wells drilled in the UK were located here. In other parts of the basin such as onshore Poland, the Hauptdolomit Formation (“Hauptdolomit”) is an active and attractive exploration target, with oil and gas production from commercial‐sized fields. In the UK, the play has been overshadowed by drilling campaigns in areas to the south of the MNSH which tested plays in the underlying Rotliegend and Carboniferous successions. However, with these areas now in decline, there is increased exploration interest in the Hauptdolomit in the MNSH region, particularly since 2019 when 3D seismic data were acquired and the first hydrocarbon discovery was made at Ossian (well 42/04‐01/1Z). Geochemical data from the latter discovery have pointed to the presence of a prolific petroleum system with the potential for Hauptdolomit reservoirs to be charged both by Zechstein‐generated oils and Carboniferous condensate/gas. With regard to hydrocarbon migration and preservation in the southern MNSH, a detailed evaluation of the effects of the Mid Miocene Unconformity has allowed for a greater understanding of the main factors controlling hydrocarbon preservation and remigration. Reservoir characterization of the Hauptdolomit play has been achieved by integrating petrographic microfacies analyses, core data and petrophysical interpretations. The most important factors controlling reservoir quality are the presence and extent of anhydrite cementation and the presence of high energy shoal facies. Thicker and coarser grained shoal facies are expected to occur along the yet‐to‐be explored Orchard platform margin where numerous prospects have been mapped and refined using recently acquired 3D seismic data.
SEISMIC AND PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISATION OF THE ZECHSTEIN HAUPTDOLOMIT PLATFORMS AROUND THE ELBOW SPIT HIGH, DUTCH OFFSHORE
Authors: Peeters S. H. J. , Geel C.R. , Garland J. , Bouroullec R.
Published: July 2023

A multidisciplinary approach combining geological mapping based on seismic and well data with petrographic analyses of core and cuttings samples was used to gain a better understanding of the distribution of Upper Permian (Zechstein, Z2) Hauptdolomit platforms and their depositional facies around the Elbow Spit High in the northern Dutch offshore. A detailed understanding of the Hauptdolomit's lateral facies variability is of great importance for assessing its reservoir potential, since both the thickness and reservoir properties of these carbonate platforms greatly depend on local accommodation within different palaeo‐depositional environments. The platforms generally contain the thickest Hauptdolomit sequences and are largely characterised by a mix of oolitic and coated grainstones, as well as by some dolomicrites. Porosities of around 15% are reached at well E02‐02 within the grainstone intervals, and interconnectivity between the pores is generally present. Seismic mapping has indicated a rim of isolated Hauptdolomit platforms, which are up to 10 km wide, around the southern and NW margins of the Elbow Spit High. No Hauptdolomit platforms are present on the NE margin of the High, likely because the palaeo‐ basin margin was too steep and hence lacked accommodation for carbonate growth. Discoveries made in recent years in the UK sector of the southern North Sea have highlighted the importance of the Hauptdolomit hydrocarbon play, and the results of the current study provide a solid base for assessing the reservoir potential of this play in the relatively underexplored northern part of the Dutch offshore.
Decision theory unbound
Authors: Goodsell Zachary
Published: July 2023

Countenancing unbounded utility in ethics gives rise to deep puzzles in formal decision theory. Here, these puzzles are taken as an invitation to assess the most fundamental principles relating probability and value, with the aim of demonstrating that unbounded utility in ethics is compatible with a desirable decision theory. The resulting theory frames further discussion of Expected Utility Theory and of principles concerning symmetries of utility.
Experience, time, objects, and processes
Authors: Shardlow Jack
Published: July 2023

We regularly talk of the experience of time passing. Some theorists have taken the supposed phenomenology of time passing to provide support for metaphysical accounts of the nature of time; opposing theorists typically granted that there is a phenomenology of time passing while seeking to dispute that any metaphysical conclusions about time can be drawn from this. In recent debates theorists have also begun to dispute that there is a phenomenology of time passing – plausibly, if there is not, then there is no relevant experience to be explained away, or for metaphysical conclusions to be drawn from. In the present paper I offer one explanation of why such disputes about the experience of time passing may seem intractable. However, I suggest that there is a distinct and more tractable issue lurking in this area, concerning our experience of how certain phenomena persist over time. Interestingly, articulating how we experience different phenomena as persisting over time doesn't simply provide a challenge to one metaphysical view of persistence rather than another; instead, it generates an explanatory challenge for a variety of competing views of persistence and, by extension, a challenge for popular combinations of views of the metaphysics of persistence and of time.
Pacific Northwest conifer forest stand carrying capacity under future climate scenarios
Authors: Heiderman Ryan R. , Kimsey Mark J.
Published: July 2023

Maximum stand density index (SDIMAX) represents the carrying capacity of a forest stand based on the relationship between the number of trees and their size. Plot‐level inventory data provided through a collaborative network of federal, state, and private forest management groups were utilized to develop SDIMAX models for important Pacific Northwest conifers of western Washington and Oregon, USA. The influence of site‐specific climatic and environmental variables was explored within an ensemble learning model. Future climate projections based on global circulation models under different representative CO2 concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and timeframes (2050s and 2080s) were utilized in a space‐for‐time substitution to understand potential shifts in modeled SDIMAX. A majority of the region showed decreases in carrying capacity under future climate conditions. Modeled mean SDIMAX decreased 5.4% and 11.4% for Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) dominated forests and decreased 6.6% and 8.9% for western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis), dominated forests under the RCP 4.5 in the 2050s and RCP 8.5 in the 2080s, respectively. Projected future conditions often fall outside the range of any contemporary climate profile, resulting in what may be referred to as extramural conditions. Within the study region, 45% and 46% of climate variables included in the final model were extramural for the Douglas‐fir and hemlock models, respectively, under RCP 8.5 in the 2080s. Although extrapolating beyond the range of input data is not appropriate and many unknowns remain regarding future climate projections, these results allow for general interpretations of the direction and magnitude of potential shifts in forest carrying capacity.
Biological and psychological factors affecting the sensory and jaw motor responses to orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Cioffi I.
Published: July 2023

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is associated with an inflammatory response, tooth pain (i.e. orthodontic pain) and changes in dental occlusion. Clinical realms and research evidence suggest that the sensory and jaw motor responses to OTM vary significantly among individuals. While some adjust well to orthodontic procedures, others may not and can experience significant pain or not adjust to occlusal changes. This is of concern, as clinicians cannot anticipate an individual's sensorimotor response to OTM. Converging evidence shows that some psychological states and traits significantly affect the sensorimotor response to OTM and may considerably affect an individual's adaptation to orthodontic or other dental procedures. We performed a topical review to synthesize the available knowledge about the behavioural mechanisms regulating the sensorimotor response to OTM, with the intent of informing orthodontic practitioners and researchers about specific psychological states and traits that should be considered while planning orthodontic treatment. We report on studies focusing on the role of anxiety, pain catastrophising, and somatosensory amplification (i.e. bodily hypervigilance), on sensory and jaw motor responses. Psychological states and traits can significantly affect sensory and jaw motor responses and a patient's adaptation to orthodontic procedures, although large interindividual variability exists. Clinicians can use validated instruments (checklists or questionnaires) to collect information about patients' psychological traits, which can assist in identifying those individuals who may not adjust well to orthodontic procedures. The information included in this manuscript also assists researchers investigating the effect of orthodontic procedures and or/appliances on orthodontic pain.
Efficacy of recurrent transcutaneous magnetic stimulation in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Rao Vishnu P. , Kim Yoon Kook , Ghazi Anahita , Park Jean Y. , Munir Kashif M.
Published: July 2023

Aims

Transcutaneous magnetic stimulation (TCMS) is successful in decreasing pain in several neurologic conditions. This multicenter parallel double‐blind phase II clinical trial is a follow‐up to a pilot study that demonstrated pain relief in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) treated with TCMS.

Methods

Thirty‐four participants with confirmed DPN and baseline pain score ≥ 5 were randomized to treatment at two sites. Participants were treated with either TCMS (n = 18) or sham (n = 16) applied to each foot once a week for four weeks. Pain scores using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale after 10 steps on a hard floor surface and answers to Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pain questions were recorded by participants daily for 28 days.

Results

Thirty‐one participants completed the study and were analyzed. Average pain scores decreased from baseline in both the groups. The difference in pain scores between TCMS and sham treatments was −0.55 for morning, −0.13 for evening, and −0.34 overall, below the pre‐determined clinically relevant difference of −2. Moderate adverse events that resolved spontaneously were experienced in both treatment arms.

Conclusion

In this two‐arm trial, TCMS failed to demonstrate a significant benefit over sham in patient reported pain suggesting a substantial placebo effect in our previous pilot study.

Trial registration

TCMS for the Treatment of Foot Pain Caused By Diabetic Neuropathy, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03596203, ID‐NCT03596203.
Nudging public budget officers: A field‐based survey experiment
Authors: Kuroki Makoto , Sasaki Shusaku
Published: July 2023

Existing research has focused on budget officers' intertemporal decision‐making but has not addressed the problem that budget officers tend to underestimate future outcomes in the budget process. This study experimentally investigates how messages containing behavioral economics “nudges,” addressing the underestimation, influence budget officers' assessments. We conducted a survey experiment with responses from 484 budget officers in local governments throughout Japan. Respondents assessed a hypothetical environmental policy program budget, after having been randomly assigned to one of four groups, each given a different set of information and messaging: (A) baseline information (including future outcome information), (B) additional information with a loss‐framing nudge, (C) additional information with a social comparison nudge, and (D) no baseline information. The results show that budget officers in the two randomly assigned nudge‐based intervention groups gave higher evaluations of future outcomes than those in the baseline group with no nudges, whereas the assessment of the baseline group is statistically not significantly different from the group without any information.