bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emisiones de gases efecto invernadero (GEI) derivadas de dos tipos de fertilización del cultivo de piña (Ananas comosus) en ultisoles de Sarapiquí, Costa Rica tomando como referencia el bosque secundario
Authors: Coto Brenes Sofía , Herrera Murillo Jorge , Peña Cordero † Wagner
Published: June 2022

La producción del cultivo de la piña ha aumentado significativamente en el país en los últimos años y, por consiguiente, el uso de agroquímicos utilizados, ocasionando cambios físicos, químicos y biológicos en los suelos, además de la generación de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). En el presente trabajo se evaluaron las emisiones de GEI generados por dos tipos diferentes de fertilización del cultivo de piña en plantaciones con suelos ultisoles ubicados en Sarapiquí, Costa Rica. Para el análisis se delimitaron tres sitios (plantaciones con dos tipos de fertilización y un sitio de referencia = bosque secundario) mediante la definición de dos parcelas de 20 × 40 m, subdivididas en subparcelas de 20 × 20 m. Las muestras de gases se recolectaron por medio de dos técnicas: cámara estática y analizador de gases continuo (LGR), durante la época seca y época lluviosa en los años 2018 y 2019. Los flujos de CO2 medidos registraron una correlación positiva con el contenido de materia orgánica y la concentración de carbono en el suelo, la cual varió ligeramente entre las épocas. Los flujos de N2O variaron entre épocas, y resultaron mayores en la parcela con manejo orgánico durante la época lluviosa (11 a 161 mgm-2d-1) y el bosque secundario en época seca (3 a 76 mgm-2d-1). La fertilización convencional se caracterizó por generar suelos con menor cantidad de materia orgánica, carbono y humedad, disminuyendo la actividad microbiana, situación que produce mayores emisiones de GEI.
Impacto de la estrategia “Escuela campesina de líderes gestores comunitarios en soberanía y seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en Sumapaz, Colombia”, sobre algunos indicadores de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional y desarrollo sostenible en la comunidad
Authors: Rodríguez Rondón María del Pilar
Published: June 2022

Según un estudio realizado por La Universidad Nacional de Colombia, la población Sumapaz de Bogotá, Colombia, presentaba deficiencias nutricionales, baja producción de alimentos y falta de trabajo en equipo. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo fue conocer las deficiencias, fortalezas, gestión y dinámica de la estrategia Escuela Campesina de Líderes Gestores Comunitarios (ECLGC) del Observatorio de Soberanía y Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (OBSSAN) de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y el apoyo de la Red Integrada de Servicios de Salud Sur. Otro objetivo consistió en evaluar el  cambio de conocimientos y estrategias, de líderes gestores comunales, así como su rol en el empoderamiento y autonomía. Por último, se trató de determinar las problemáticas prevalentes aún en entorno a la seguridad alimentaria para generar soluciones. Los resultados de las encuestas reflejan las precarias condiciones de infraestructura y servicios públicos, la escasez en posibilidades de subsistencia, a pesar de las adecuadas condiciones y oportunidades de la zona para la producción de alimentos y generación de ingresos. Un gran logro fue la conformación de la asociación Red Campesina Productora de Vida y Paz de Sumapaz; fortalecimiento en el autoconsumo de alimentos y el aumento de ingresos, por la venta de los mismos.
The Eﬃcacy and Safety of Automatic Modes During Respiratory Support After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Yeremenko A. A. , Komnov R. D. , Koshek E. A.
Published: June 2022

Aims. To compare the eﬃcacy and safety of semiautonomous Adaptive Support Ventilation (ASV) and fully automated (closed-loop, Intellivent-ASV) mechanical ventilation and oxygenation versus conventional mechanical ventilation mode during respiratory support in cardiac surgery patients.

Material and methods. In this study, 40 adult patients were ventilated by conventional mechanical ventilation managed by 8 physicians (control group), whereas other two groups patients were ventilated by Intellivent-ASV (n=40) or in a semiautomatic ASV mode (n=40). The groups received standard care, except for the modes of ventilation.

Results. In the Intellivent-ASV group, the number of manual changes in ventilator settings was signiﬁcantly lower: 0 (0–0) versus 2 (2–3) (ASV) and 4 (3–5) in the control group (P<0.0001). There were signiﬁcant diﬀerences in the duration of respiratory support in ICU which was 226±31 min (Intellivent group) vs 259±66 (ASV) and 271±78 min (control) (P=0.0042; P1–2=0.0167; P1–3=0.009). The Intellivent-ASV group patients received more protective ventilation than patients in the semiautomated and physician-controlled groups (lower values of driving pressure (6 (6–7) cm H2O vs. 6 (6–7) and 7 (7–9) cm H2O (P<0.0001)), tidal volume (6 (6–7) vs. 7 (7–7.7) and 7 (7–8) ml/kg/PBW (P<0.0001)), FiO2 (26 (24–30)% vs. 34 (30–35)% and 34 (30–38)%) with no diﬀerences between the groups in paO2/FiO2. There were no signiﬁcant diﬀerences between the groups in frequency of undesirable events and duration of ICU stay.

Conclusion. The use of intelligent technologies makes it possible to interactively individualize respiratory support, signiﬁcantly reducing clinician's involvement in this process without compromising patient safety and the quality of ventilation.
Geological monuments of the Middle Dnipro Region and assessment of their ecological condition
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Derevska Kateryna I. ,   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Kyiv, Ukraine), Rudenko Kseniia V. ,   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Popovska Мariia О. ,   National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Kyiv, Ukraine)
Published: June 2022

The territory of the Middle Dnipro, one of the most developed regions of Ukraine, is characterized by a high geological diversity. There is a significant number of nature reserves of different subordination in this area. The paper describes geological natural monuments, which are identified within Middle Dnipro Ragion. The construction of the Kaniv and Kremenchug reservoirs led to the intensification of gravitational, erosion, abrasion processes along their banks, which has worsened the state of geological natural monuments. An inventory of geological objects of the Middle Dnipro and an analysis of their ecological status are necessary for further selection and study of special areas, and scientific monitoring will provide new knowledge about geological formations, their structure and history of origin. The paper presents geological and geomorphological features of the Middle Dnipro coastal strip. The complicated geological structure and dismemberment of the territory protects natural landscapes from human intervention. It is noted that, in recent years, exogenous processes associated with regional climate change have intensified. A total of nine natural objects of different rank have been identified, which are located in the coastal zone of the Dnipro and reservoirs. The natural and anthropogenic factors that affect the state of these geological natural monuments have been identified. The monitoring revealed vulnerable locations and suggested possible means of preservation for geological monuments within the Middle Dnipro. Natural hazards that cause gravitational movements and can destroy natural objects have been revealed to be the most dangerous processes. It is emphasized that it is impossible to avoid such threats, except for preventive measures of engineering and technical nature. Among the anthropogenic hazards are the extraction of construction minerals, construction and business activities within the objects of the nature reserve fund. Conservation measures for natural geological monuments include strengthening the protection of natural objects; the arrangement of monuments with state signs and demarcation of the boundaries of protected areas; display of information boards.
Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the Pivnichne Podillia National Nature Park (Ukraine). Part I: Cicindelinae, Omophroninae, Nebriinae, Elaphrinae, and Carabinae
Authors:   Institute of Ecology of the Carpathians, NAS of Ukraine (Lviv, Ukraine), Kanarsky Yurii
Published: June 2022

The results of a review of known data on the Carabidae fauna of the Pivnichne Podillia National Nature Park and adjacent areas in the north-west of the Podolian Upland are presented in the paper. Due to its significant physical geographic and biogeographic originality, the region of western Podillia was much attractive for naturalists of the Austria-Hungarian and Polish historical periods since the middle of XIX century. A large contribution to the research on Coleoptera in this region was made by such famous Galician naturalists as M. Nowicki, M. Lomnicki, M. Rybinski, R. Kuntze, V. Lazorko and others However, the area of the modern Pivnichne Podillia National Nature Park was investigated rather insufficiently and fragmentary, because the main attention of these former researchers was focused on more remote and frontier areas of Medobory, the Podolian Dnister region, and of the Eastern Carpathians. Therefore, direct records of Coleoptera and ground beetles in particular were reported only from a few locations. A significant number of finds of Carabidae species within the study area is given in surveys of collections of the State Museum of Natural History (SMNH, Lviv), which were collected before World War II (Rizun 1990). The present work is based on materials of analysis of references and collections, as well as on original investigations of Carabidae in the north-west of the Podolian Upland that have been carried out since 1995. It was revealed that 47 Carabidae species of subfamilia Cicindelinae (5), Omophroninae (1), Nebriinae (11), Elaphrinae (6), and Carabinae (24) occur in the territory of Pivnichne Podillia National Nature Park and adjacent areas. Of them 22 are known by recent finds, 7 are known from old references and collections, and 17 occur in adjacent areas and probably could be found within the national park as well. The record locality of one species (Calosoma sycophanta) is mistaken, but its occurrence here cannot be excluded completely. Contemporary investigations of meadow-steppe habitats of the Pivnichne Podillia National Nature Park show negative changes and a decrease in its insect fauna diversity. It is caused mainly by the decrease in areas and fragmentation of meadow-steppe habitats due to agricultural activities and artificial or spontaneous afforestation, and probably also because of unusual climatic conditions of the last few years.
New data on plant species for the territory of Kharkiv Oblast and Homilshanski Lisy National Nature Park
Authors:   Homilshanski Lisy National Nature Park (Zmiiv, Ukraine), Timoshenkova Valentyna
Published: June 2022

The discovery of a new species for the flora of Kharkiv Oblast — Galium praeboreale Klokov (Rubiaceae) — is reported along with records of eight more species that have not been registered before in the Homilshanski Lisy National Nature Park and its vicinites: Euphorbia subtilis Prokh. (Euphorbiaceae), Carex tomentosa L. (Cyperaceae), Tragopogon podolicus (DC.) Artemcz. (Asteraceae), Arctium nemorosum Lej. (Asteraceae), Galeopsis ladanum L. (Lamiaceae), Centaurea apiculata Ledeb., C. pseudomaculosa Dobrocz. (Asteraceae), and Muscari neglectum Gus. ex Ten. (Hyacinthaceae). Phytocoenotic conditions of the investigated habitats are described. A description of the M. neglectum population is given. Literature data and materials of the herbarium of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (CWU) are analysed in regard to the distribution of the identified species in the flora of Kharkiv Oblast. It is established that since the second half of the 20th century there have been no data on records of E. subtilis, C. tomentosa, T. podolicus, A. nemorosum, C. apiculate, and C. pseudomaculosa confirmed by herbarium collections. The species E. subtilis, T. podolicus, C. tomentosa, and G. praeboreale were found in the territory of Homilshanski Lisy National Nature Park. The first two species occur in phytocoenoses of natural meadows, whereas the other two occur in phytocoenoses of both natural and steppe meadows in the floodplain of the Siverskyi Donets River. In the territory of the national park, A. nemorosum was found on a forest path and on the edge of an oak forest on the right bank of Siverskyi Donets River, whereas G. ladanum occurs in ruderal vegetation of glades and forest roads of the sandy terrace on the left bank of the river. The species C. apiculata, C. pseudomaculosa, and M. neglectum were found only outside the park. Both species of Centaurea occur on grassy slopes, in ruderal vegetation at the bottom of an old clay quarry, on sides of dirt roads in south-western outskirts of the town Zmiiv, as well as on grassy slopes between the town Zmiiv and the village Haidary. A population of M. neglectum was also found in the south-western outskirts of Zmiiv. On a grassy slope planted by a forest strip, 115 generative individuals were found on an area of about 0.25 ha.
Islamic Philantropy Adaptation Towards Financial Social Exclusion Among Independen Oil Palm Smallholder
Authors: Mohd Nor Khairul Anwar , Ismail Mohd Adib , Mohd Shafiai Muhammad Hakimi , Hasbullah Khairunnisa , Mohd Ali Mohd Noor
Published: June 2022

Social exclusion among independent smallholders of the oil palm sector is a socioeconomic problem that is closely linked to the incidence of poverty and economic inequality. Although there are several Islamic banking institutions that provide micro credit to the farmers, but not received much response due to lack of attractiveness and non-competitive features especially to independent smallholder. Therefore, other channels like philanthropy are seen as an alternative for smallholder empowerment in the form of integration between zakat business capital, and business incubators as mechanisms to address these issues. The objective of this study is to examine the role of Islamic philanthropic instruments of zakat and waqf in addressing the problem. The methods used in this study are based on qualitative approach like research interviews, observations, written expert experiences, and research publications. The findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders into Islamic philanthropy role and the importance of exposure in improving ISH performance, which could help them in (re-) align their agricultural practices and formulating strategies for industry player’s guidance.JEL Classification: A13, G21, J24, Q02, Z12
Islamic Fintech Research: Systematic Review using Mainstream Databases
Authors: Firmansyah Egi Arvian , Harsanto Budi
Published: June 2022

The number of Islamic financial technology (fintech) study growsalong with technological advancement and fintech itself. Thisstudy aims to review the studies on Islamic fintech publishedin the journals indexed by Scopus and Web of Science using asystematic literature review approach. As shown in the frameworkproposed in this study, we found five elements of the entireobserved papers. The customer has been the most discussedelement among researchers of Islamic fintech. As Islamic fintech isstill in the early stage of development, no study in our observeddocuments discusses operations. It is one of the essential elementsto be investigated, seeing the dynamic of the business-operatingenvironment. This paper contributes to the literature by providingan up-to-date review. It is among the first reviews on this subjectusing the major academic databases and offering a more holisticframework than previous studies.JEL Classification: F65, Z12
Gill Net Selectivity for Fifteen Fish Species of the Upper San Francisco Estuary
Authors:   US Geological Survey, Wulff Marissa , Feyrer Frederick ,   US Geological Survey, Young Matthew ,   US Geological Survey
Published: June 2022

Gill-net size selectivity for fifteen fish species occurring in the upper San Francisco Estuary was estimated from a data set compiled from multiple studies which together contained 7,096 individual fish observations from 882 gill net sets. The gill nets considered in this study closely resembled the American Fisheries Society’s recommended standardized experimental gill nets for sampling inland waters. Relationships between gill-net mesh sizes and the sizes for each fish species retained in them were estimated indirectly using generalized linear modeling and maximum likelihood. Selectivity curves are provided for each species to inform researchers about population characteristics of fishes sampled with similar gill nets.
The Black Sea Region as a Conflict Space in the Discourse of Foreign Think Tanks of 2018–2021
Authors: Moskalenko Olga A. , Irkhin Aleksandr A. , Kabanova Natalya E.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The strengthening of Russia’s subjectivity in the Black Sea region makes it the center of the Western media and expert-analytical agenda. The authors of the study aim to define the mechanisms of metaphorical construction of the Black Sea region as a space of conflict in the discourse of the Western think tanks.

Materials and Methods. The reports of the leading Western think tanks developing the region concept are used as research materials. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach that combines the methods of political linguistics and geopolitical analysis and synthesis. The authors use the methods of discourse analysis to interpret the materials of foreign think tanks devoted to the study of the region, and based on the definition of dominant metaphorical models in the discourse of the Black Sea region, consider possible scenarios for the leading actors in the region.

Results. The narratives of the leading American, European and British think tanks are considered and the main metaphorical models characterizing the geopolitical processes in the region are highlighted. The American discourse is dominated by the sports metaphor and its subspecies associated with gambling: the region is perceived as a space of competition, but not war, as evidenced by the lack of military metaphor, which, however, appears in the narratives of the European experts. The Black Sea region is a platform, a springboard for the projection of Russian power in the Mediterranean, which is realized through metaphors with the component “aggressive”. For the British, the Black Sea region is metaphorized as a space of information warfare.

Discussion and Conclusion. There are two main types of perception of the Black Sea region as a geopolitical unit by the Western think tanks: the American think tanks see it as a space of global competition of the great powers; the Great Britain has made the Black Sea region a platform for a return to the global arena of Global Britain by drawing on the rhetoric of universal values. The materials of the article and the methodology may be useful for information and analytical support of the foreign policy of the Western countries and for design of response from part of Russia under the condition of intensification of contest of the main Black Sea region actors
Assessment of the Effectiveness of State Support for Insurance in Agriculture in Russia
Authors: Semenova Nadezhda N. , Averin Anton Yu.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Risk insurance is the most important financial instrument that ensures the sustainable development of agriculture. The specifics of the implementation of agricultural risks (the unpredictable nature of the onset and the significant intensity of the impact on the activities of agricultural producers) determines the increased interest in this area of support for agriculture from the state. The purpose of the article is to assess the effectiveness of state support in the field of agricultural risk insurance in Russia.

Materials and Methods. The authors analyzed the reports of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, as well as the National Union of Agricultural Insurers, characterizing the dynamics of development and the effectiveness of state support in the field of insurance of risks in agriculture. To assess the effectiveness of state support for agricultural producers when concluding an insurance contract, the following algorithm was used: first, an analysis of the achievement of planned indicators of agricultural insurance with state support; second, an analysis of the impact of the size of government funding for insurance on the financial results and financial sustainability of agricultural producers; third, the correlation analysis of the closeness of the relationship between the main indicators of insurance with indicators of financial results and financial stability of agricultural producers.

Results. The analysis of the dynamics of the development of agricultural insurance with government support in Russia, as well as the contribution of government subsidies to the financial result of agricultural producers is carried out. On the basis of correlation analysis, there is a tight link between insurance indicators such as insurance coverage and insurance indemnity and indicators of financial results and financial sustainability of agriculture.

Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained indicate a significant impact of government financing of insurance risks in agriculture on the development of the industry. The results of the study could be used by public authorities and Governments in formulating development strategies and agricultural insurance programs, developing appropriate financial instruments for State support for agricultural producers.
Regional Specificity of Tourism Potential Development: Sociological Analysis
Authors: Rogach Olga V. , Frolova Elena V.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. The development of the tourist potential of Russian territories is one of the priority state tasks in modern conditions. The purpose of the article is to study the regional specifics of the development of tourism potential in the Russian Federation, a sociological analysis of its key elements in the assessments of municipal leaders.

Materials and Methods. The key research method was a questionnaire survey of heads of local self-government bodies of the Russian Federation (n = 306). At the first stage, questionnaires were sent out by e-mail with representation from all federal districts of the Russian Federation. At the second stage, the analysis of linear distributions and correlation analysis of empirically significant variables (grouping of answers by regions and federal districts of the Russian Federation) were carried out. The use of a set of analytical procedures has made it possible to identify the regional specifics of the development of the tourism potential of the territories. The results were processed using SPSS.

Results. The results of the study have made it possible to identify problems in the development of the tourist potential of Russian territories, both in terms of basic and additional resources. The hypothesis about the predominance of tourist resources aimed at satisfying the “average” consumer demands of the tourist is confirmed. The results of the study have shown a decrease in ratings for economy class catering facilities (average rating 3.02 out of 5), the presence of hostels (1.87 out of 5), as well as the lack of conditions to meet the interests of high-income tourists (in terms of “luxury class restaurants” the average score is 2.21 out of 5). The study revealed an insufficient level of development of additional tourist resources that ensure the realization of the differentiated needs of various social groups.

Discussion and Conclusion. It is concluded that it is expedient to support entrepreneurial initiatives aimed at creating tourism products and services, both in the “economy” and “luxury” segments, the formation of a recognizable image of the territories as part of the promotion of their social resources. The results obtained can be used in the activities of the authorities in the development of strategies for the development of regional tourism.
Lelucon dan Representasi Masyarakat Indramayu dalam Karakter Joni Rengge, Daslam, dan Bi Sarkem
Authors: Jauhari Akhmad
Published: June 2022

Artikel ini memaparkan tentang representasi masyarakat Indramayu melalui karakter di cerita lelucon. Karakter tersebut adalah Joni Rengge, Daslam, dan Bi Sarkem. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakter masyarakat Indramayu dari berbagai sisi. Obyek kajiannya adalah karakter Joni Rengge dalam pementasan drama ‘sandiwara’, Daslam dalam cerita komedi karya Supali Kasim, dan Bi Sarkem dalam film yang ditayangkan di kanal YouTube Wong Sugih. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kritik sastra mimesis. Hasil kajian dalam artikel ini adalah masing-masing tokoh lelucon menggambarkan representasi masyarakat Indramayu dari sisi politik, budaya, dan sosial. Karakter Joni Rengge menggambarkan sisi politik lewat peran dan dialognya bersama karakter raja, Joni Rengge melontarkan kritik-kritik berupa satir kepada raja tersebut dan kritik itu selaras dengan kondisi politik di Indramayu. Karakter Daslam menggambarkan sisi budaya lewat penggunaan bahasa daerah Jawa Indramayu, aktivitas keseharian Daslam sering kali mengaitkan interaksi bahasa daerah dengan bahasa nasional, bahasa internasional, atau dengan kebudayaan lain. Sedangkan karakter Bi Sarkem menggambarkan kondisi sosial Indramayu terkait fenomena pekerja migran Indonesia (PMI), kehidupan Bi Sarkem menunjukkan masyarakat Indramayu yang hidupnya dikelilingi PMI.
Nowożytny (?) grot oszczepu z Rudnika nad Sanem, pow. niżański, woj. podkarpackie
Authors:   Instytut Archeologii UMCS, Lublin, Polska, Florek Marek , Stępnik Tomasz ,   Pracownia Archeologiczna Uni-Art., Poznań, Polska
Published: June 2022

The information about an iron spearhead accidentally found in Rudnik nad Sanem that was described as a medieval spearhead was published in Acta Militaria Mediaevalia, Vol. 16. In the course of conservation work the remains of wood were restored from the socket and subjected to wood species analysis and C14 dating procedure. The research revealed that the shaft was made of maple tree (Acer sp.) that was cut down between 1515 and 1800, most probably in the 17th century. Due to its properties, maple wood is not suitable to be used for spear shaft production. Studies show that the shafts were usually made of ash, less often of oak, occasionally of other wood species. Maple wood, on the other hand, might have been used to make javelins, i.e. throwing weapon. Taking into consideration the modern chronology of the remains of the shaft found in Rudnik, it seems that this arrowhead was used for hunting rather than for combat. Such a possibility was also suggested in the initial communication on the arrowhead. Ethnographic works confirm that javelins were used for hunting on the Slavic territories until the 19th century. The case of the arrowhead from Rudnik indicates the need of great caution and thoroughness when ascribing the chronology of artefacts found by accident, without any context.
Wyniki badań i nadzorów archeologicznych przeprowadzonych na ulicy Kościuszki w Rzeszowie w 2018 roku
Authors:   Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Polska, Gorazd-Dziuban Paulina , Jabłkowski Michał ,   Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Polska, Kocańda Paweł ,   Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Polska
Published: June 2022

In 2018, the Foundation for Archaeological Centre in Rzeszów conducted archaeological research preceding investment works at Kościuszko Street in Rzeszów. This street, considered one of the oldest, originally connected the market square with the parish church and 3 Maja Street (formerly Pańska). Based on the conducted research, it was possible to determine the original scope of this route and confirm the thesis that the town and the parish church were located on two hills, separated by a small gorge, running roughly at the intersection of Kościuszko Street from Grunwaldzka Street. In addition, the stratigraphic system and the greater number of levels of wooden lining of the street that were found in the archaeological trenches led to the assumption that the area was coming down towards the east. What is more, visible traces of replacing wooden parts in the exploited street, a large number of movable artefacts and animal bones indicate that the street leading to the parish church was an important element in the urban layout of Rzeszów from the Modern Period. Moreover, the conducted research and watching briefs also allowed us to confirm how the discussed street ran, what material was used for its construction and what elements appeared in its course. In addition, it was also possible to confirm partially that the parish cemetery had a wider scope than is visible in the preserved iconographic sources. The conducted research together with the obtained archaeological material have become a valuable source of information about the history of Rzeszów and its inhabitants.
Associação da ansiedade e uso de ansiolíticos entre estudantes universitários da área da saúde
Authors: Pereira Mara Dantas , Pereira Míria Dantas , Santana Michele Fraga de , Silva Joilson Pereira da , Moraes Filho João Alves de , Santos da Rosa Caique Anizio , Antunes Paola Fernanda Santos
Published: June 2022

O estudo objetivou analisar a associação da ansiedade e uso de ansiolíticos entre estudantes universitários da área saúde. Trata-se de um estudo seccional, do tipo web-survey, com amostra de 286 estudantes universitários de alguns cursos da área da saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de formulários eletrônicos no Google forms enviados por e-mail e rede social Instagram. Percebeu-se uma frequência maior de uso de Clonazepam (n= 31; 62%; p= 0,588) associado à ansiedade traço alta. Assim como houve uma preponderância do uso do mesmo medicamento (n= 30; 60%; p= 0,982) relacionado à ansiedade estado moderada. Essas ocorrências foram mais acentuadas em estudantes universitárias do sexo feminino (42,3%) e que frequentavam instituições públicas (55,3%). Diante disso, conclui-se que as instituições de ensino superior devem investir em ações de conscientização sobre o uso de ansiolíticos, e que visem a minimização da ansiedade dessa população.
Learning to Generate Posters of Scientific Papers
Authors: Qiang Yuting , Fu Yanwei , Guo Yanwen , Zhou Zhi-Hua , Sigal Leonid
Published: June 2022

Researchers often summarize their work in the form of posters. Posters provide a coherent and efficient way to convey core ideas from scientific papers. Generating a good scientific poster, however, is a complex and time consuming cognitive task, since such posters need to be readable, informative, and visually aesthetic. In this paper, for the first time, we study the challenging problem of learning to generate posters from scientific papers. To this end, a data-driven framework, that utilizes graphical models, is proposed. Specifically, given content to display, the key elements of a good poster, including panel layout and attributes of each panel, are learned and inferred from data. Then, given inferred layout and attributes, composition of graphical elements within each panel is synthesized. To learn and validate our model, we collect and make public a Poster-Paper dataset, which consists of scientific papers and corresponding posters with exhaustively labelled panels and attributes. Qualitative and quantitative results indicate the effectiveness of our approach.
Inferring Multi-Dimensional Ideal Points for US Supreme Court Justices
Authors: Islam Mohammad , Hossain K. S. M. , Krishnan Siddharth , Ramakrishnan Naren
Published: June 2022

In Supreme Court parlance and the political science literature, an ideal point positions a justice in a continuous space and can be interpreted as a quantification of the justice's policy preferences. We present an automated approach to infer such ideal points for justices of the US Supreme Court. This approach combines topic modeling over case opinions with the voting (and endorsing) behavior of justices. Furthermore, given a topic of interest, say the Fourth Amendment, the topic model can be optionally seeded with supervised information to steer the inference of ideal points. Application of this methodology over five years of cases provides interesting perspectives into the leaning of justices on crucial issues, coalitions underlying specific topics, and the role of swing justices in deciding the outcomes of cases.
Learning the Preferences of Ignorant, Inconsistent Agents
Authors: Evans Owain , Stuhlmueller Andreas , Goodman Noah
Published: June 2022

An important use of machine learning is to learn what people value. What posts or photos should a user be shown? Which jobs or activities would a person find rewarding? In each case, observations of people's past choices can inform our inferences about their likes and preferences. If we assume that choices are approximately optimal according to some utility function, we can treat preference inference as Bayesian inverse planning. That is, given a prior on utility functions and some observed choices, we invert an optimal decision-making process to infer a posterior distribution on utility functions. However, people often deviate from approximate optimality. They have false beliefs, their planning is sub-optimal, and their choices may be temporally inconsistent due to hyperbolic discounting and other biases. We demonstrate how to incorporate these deviations into algorithms for preference inference by constructing generative models of planning for agents who are subject to false beliefs and time inconsistency. We explore the inferences these models make about preferences, beliefs, and biases. We present a behavioral experiment in which human subjects perform preference inference given the same observations of choices as our model. Results show that human subjects (like our model) explain choices in terms of systematic deviations from optimal behavior and suggest that they take such deviations into account when inferring preferences.
Autonomous Electricity Trading Using Time-of-Use Tariffs in a Competitive Market
Authors: Urieli Daniel , Stone Peter
Published: June 2022

This paper studies the impact of Time-Of-Use (TOU) tariffs in a competitive electricity market place. Specifically, it focuses on the question of how should an autonomous broker agent optimize TOU tariffs in a competitive retail market, and what is the impact of such tariffs on the economy. We formalize the problem of TOU tariff optimization and propose an algorithm for approximating its solution. We extensively experiment with our algorithm in a large-scale, detailed electricity retail markets simulation of the Power Trading Agent Competition (Power TAC) and: 1) find that our algorithm results in 15% peak-demand reduction, 2) find that its peak-flattening results in greater profit and/or profit-share for the broker and allows it to win against the 1st and 2nd place brokers from the Power TAC 2014 finals, and 3) analyze several economic implications of using TOU tariffs in competitive retail markets.
Optimizing Trading Assignments in Water Right Markets
Authors: Liu Yicheng , Tang Pingzhong , Xu Tingting , Zheng Hang
Published: June 2022

Over the past two decades, water markets have been successfully fielded in countries such as Australia, the United states, Chile, China, etc. Water users, mainly irrigators, have benefited immensely from water markets. However, the current water market design also faces certain serious barriers. It has been pointed out that transaction costs, which exists in most markets, induce great welfare loss. For example, for water markets in western China discussed in this paper, the influence of transaction costs is significant. Another important barrier is the locality of trades due to geographical constraints. Based on the water market at Xiying Irrigation, one of the most successful water market in western China, we model the water market as a graph with minimum transaction thresholds on edges. Our goal is to maximize the transaction volume or welfare. We prove that the existence of transaction costs results in no polynomial time approximation scheme (PTAS) to maximize social welfare (MAX SNP-hard). The complexities on special graphs are also presented. From a practical point of view, however, optimal social welfare can be obtained via a well-designed mixed integer linear program and can be approximated near optimally at a large scale via a heuristic algorithm. Both algorithms are tested on data sets generated from real historical trading data. Our study also suggests the importance of reducing transaction costs, for example, institutional costs in water market design. Our work opens a potentially important avenue of market design within the agenda of computational sustainability.
Computing Optimal Monitoring Strategy for Detecting Terrorist Plots
Authors: Wang Zhen , Yin Yue , An Bo
Published: June 2022

In recent years, terrorist organizations (e.g., ISIS or al-Qaeda) are increasingly directing terrorists to launch coordinated attacks in their home countries. One example is the Paris shootings on January 7, 2015.By monitoring potential terrorists, security agencies are able to detect and stop terrorist plots at their planning stage.Although security agencies may have knowledge about potential terrorists (e.g., who they are, how they interact), they usually have limited resources and cannot monitor all terrorists.Moreover, a terrorist planner may strategically choose to arouse terrorists considering the security agency's monitoring strategy. This paper makes five key contributions toward the challenging problem of computing optimal monitoring strategies: 1) A new Stackelberg game model for terrorist plot detection;2) A modified double oracle framework for computing the optimal strategy effectively;3) Complexity results for both defender and attacker oracle problems;4) Novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulations for best response problems of both players;and 5) Effective approximation algorithms for generating suboptimal responses for both players.Experimental evaluation shows that our approach can obtain a robust enough solution outperforming widely-used centrality based heuristics significantly and scale up to realistic-sized problems.
False-Name-Proof Locations of Two Facilities: Economic and Algorithmic Approaches
Authors: Sonoda Akihisa , Todo Taiki , Yokoo Makoto
Published: June 2022

This paper considers a mechanism design problem for locating two identical facilities on an interval, in which an agent can pretend to be multiple agents. A mechanism selects a pair of locations on the interval according to the declared single-peaked preferences of agents. An agent's utility is determined by the location of the better one (typically the closer to her ideal point). This model can represent various application domains. For example, assume a company is going to release two models of its product line and performs a questionnaire survey in an online forum to determine their detailed specs. Typically, a customer will buy only one model, but she can answer multiple times by logging onto the forum under several email accounts. We first characterize possible outcomes of mechanisms that satisfy false-name-proofness, as well as some mild conditions. By extending the result, we completely characterize the class of false-name-proof mechanisms when locating two facilities on a circle. We then clarify the approximation ratios of the false-name-proof mechanisms on a line metric for the social and maximum costs.
When Can the Maximin Share Guarantee Be Guaranteed?
Authors: Kurokawa David , Procaccia Ariel , Wang Junxing
Published: June 2022

The fairness notion of maximin share (MMS) guarantee underlies a deployed algorithm for allocating indivisible goods under additive valuations. Our goal is to understand when we can expect to be able to give each player his MMS guarantee. Previous work has shown that such an MMS allocation may not exist, but the counterexample requires a number of goods that is exponential in the number of players; we give a new construction that uses only a linear number of goods. On the positive side, we formalize the intuition that these counterexamples are very delicate by designing an algorithm that provably finds an MMS allocation with high probability when valuations are drawn at random.
Quantitative Extensions of the Condorcet Jury Theorem with Strategic Agents
Authors: Xia Lirong
Published: June 2022

The Condorcet Jury Theorem justifies the wisdom of crowds and lays the foundations of the ideology of the democratic regime. However, the Jury Theorem and most of its extensions focus on two alternatives and none of them quantitatively evaluate the effect of agents’ strategic behavior on the mechanism’s truth-revealing power. We initiate a research agenda of quantitatively extend- ing the Jury Theorem with strategic agents by characterizing the price of anarchy (PoA) and the price of stability (PoS) of the common interest Bayesian voting games for three classes of mechanisms: plurality, MAPs, and the mechanisms that satisfy anonymity, neutrality, and strategy-proofness (w.r.t. a set of natural probabil- ity models). We show that while plurality and MAPs have better best-case truth-revealing power (lower PoS), the third class of mechanisms are more robust against agents’ strategic behavior (lower PoA).
Complexity of Hedonic Games with Dichotomous Preferences
Authors: Peters Dominik
Published: June 2022

Hedonic games provide a model of coalition formation in which a set of agents is partitioned into coalitions and the agents have preferences over which set they belong to. Recently, Aziz et. al. (2014) have initiated the study of hedonic games with dichotomous preferences, where each agent either approves or disapproves of a given coalition. In this work, we study the computational complexity of questions related to finding optimal and stable partitions in dichotomous hedonic games under various ways of restricting and representing the collection of approved coalitions. Encouragingly, many of these problems turn out to be polynomial-time solvable. In particular, we show that an individually stable outcome always exists and can be found in polynomial time. We also provide efficient algorithms for cases in which agents approve only few coalitions, in which they only approve intervals, and in which they only approve sets of size 2 (the roommates case). These algorithms are complemented by NP-hardness results, especially for representations that are very expressive, such as in the case when agents' goals are given by propositional formulas.
Relaxed Majorization-Minimization for Non-Smooth and Non-Convex Optimization
Authors: Xu Chen , Lin Zhouchen , Zhao Zhenyu , Zha Hongbin
Published: June 2022

We propose a new majorization-minimization (MM) method for non-smooth and non-convex programs, which is general enough to include the existing MM methods. Besides the local majorization condition, we only require that the difference between the directional derivatives of the objective function and its surrogate function vanishes when the number of iterations approaches infinity, which is a very weak condition. So our method can use a surrogate function that directly approximates the non-smooth objective function. In comparison, all the existing MM methods construct the surrogate function by approximating the smooth component of the objective function. We apply our relaxed MM methods to the robust matrix factorization (RMF) problem with different regularizations, where our locally majorant algorithm shows advantages over the state-of-the-art approaches for RMF. This is the first algorithm for RMF ensuring, without extra assumptions, that any limit point of the iterates is a stationary point.
Combining Bounding Boxes and JPS to Prune Grid Pathfinding
Authors: Rabin Steve , Sturtevant Nathan
Published: June 2022

Pathfinding is a common task across many domains and platforms, whether in games, robotics, or road maps. Given the breadth of domains, there are also a wide variety of representations used for pathfinding, and there are many techniques which have been shown to improve performance. In the last few years, the state-of-the-art in grid-based pathfinding has been significantly improved with domain-specific techniques such as Jump Point Search (JPS), Subgoal Graphs, and Compressed Path Databases. In this paper we look at a specific implementation of the general idea of Geometric Containers, showing that, while it is effective on grid maps, when combined with JPS+ it provides state-of-the-art performance.
Query Answering with Inconsistent Existential Rules under Stable Model Semantics
Authors: Wan Hai , Zhang Heng , Xiao Peng , Huang Haoran , Zhang Yan
Published: June 2022

Classical inconsistency-tolerant query answering relies on selecting maximal components of an ABox/database which are consistent with the ontology. However, some rules in ontologies might be unreliable if they are extracted from ontology learning or written by unskillful knowledge engineers. In this paper we present a framework of handling inconsistent existential rules under stable model semantics, which is defined by a notion called rule repairs to select maximal components of the existential rules. Surprisingly, for R-acyclic existential rules with R-stratified or guarded existential rules with stratified negations, both the data complexity and combined complexity of query answering under the rule repair semantics remain the same as that under the conventional query answering semantics. This leads us to propose several approaches to handle the rule repair semantics by calling answer set programming solvers. An experimental evaluation shows that these approaches have good scalability of query answering under rule repairs on realistic cases.
Explaining Inconsistency-Tolerant Query Answering over Description Logic Knowledge Bases
Authors: Bienvenu Meghyn , Bourgaux Camille , Goasdoué François
Published: June 2022

Several inconsistency-tolerant semantics have been introduced for querying inconsistent description logic knowledge bases. This paper addresses the problem of explaining why a tuple is a (non-)answer to a query under such semantics. We define explanations for positive and negative answers under the brave, AR and IAR semantics. We then study the computational properties of explanations in the lightweight description logic DL-Lite_R. For each type of explanation, we analyze the data complexity of recognizing (preferred) explanations and deciding if a given assertion is relevant or necessary. We establish tight connections between intractable explanation problems and variants of propositional satisfiability (SAT), enabling us to generate explanations by exploiting solvers for Boolean satisfaction and optimization problems. Finally, we empirically study the efficiency of our explanation framework using the well-established LUBM benchmark.
SDDs Are Exponentially More Succinct than OBDDs
Authors: Bova Simone
Published: June 2022

Introduced by Darwiche (2011), sentential decision diagrams (SDDs) are essentially as tractable as ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDDs), but tend to be more succinct in practice. This makes SDDs a prominent representation language, with many applications in artificial intelligence and knowledge compilation. We prove that SDDs are more succinct than OBDDs also in theory, by constructing a family of boolean functions where each member has polynomial SDD size but exponential OBDD size. This exponential separation improves a quasipolynomial separation recently established by Razgon (2014), and settles an open problem in knowledge compilation (Darwiche, 2011).