bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid and sensitive detection of Aspergillus niger using permeabilization based on tris buffer containing hydrazine
Authors: Kwon Jungwook , Jeon Jun Hui , Yang Sung Ik , Yang Haesik
Published: October 2021

It is challenging to convert redox metabolites present inside fungi into measurable signals via permeabilization because of the fungi's thick and rigid cell walls. We report that Aspergillus niger (A. niger) can be detected via the electrochemical measurement of redox metabolites excreted by a low level of permeabilization of the cell wall of A. niger, when incubated in tris buffer containing hydrazine. Electrochemical signals of redox metabolites are amplified by electrochemical–chemical redox cycling, in which hydrazine acts as a reductant for rapid redox cycling. The detection method is specific to A. niger among the major three fungi causing aspergillosis. The calculated detection limit for A. niger is ~2 × 102 CFU/ml despite the incubation period being only 5 min, indicating that the detection method is highly sensitive and rapid. The detection method does not require a wash step, specific affinity binding, or pretreatment step, indicating that it is a simple method.
Circular business model implementation: A capability development case study from the manufacturing industry
Authors: Reim Wiebke , Sjödin David , Parida Vinit
Published: October 2021

Circular business models (CBMs) have huge potential to deliver economic, social, and environmental benefits, but CBMs have yet to be implemented widely in industrial settings. One reason is that they are often presented as one‐size‐fits‐all solutions, but this is misplaced because product‐specific criteria and company capabilities determine the correct choice and implementation of CBMs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how CBM selection and capability development facilitates the implementation of CBMs. For this purpose, we have adopted a qualitative research approach and undertaken 25 explorative interviews in three large Swedish manufacturing companies. In this paper, a CBM implementation framework consisting of two parts has been developed. The first part addresses the choice of the appropriate CBM based on tactical configurations. The second part provides a capability development path by explicating underlying routines that need to be progressively developed in order to move smoothly to more advanced CBMs.
Consumer adoption of access‐based product‐service systems: The influence of duration of use and type of product
Authors: Tunn Vivian S. C. , Van den Hende Ellis A. , Bocken Nancy M. P. , Schoormans Jan P. L.
Published: October 2021

Access‐based product‐service systems (AB‐PSS) are business models that can potentially decouple the satisfaction of consumer needs from environmental impacts. Hence, they have been promoted for the circular economy. Their sustainability potential has not yet been realised because consumer adoption is lagging. Although this challenge has been studied for two decades, knowledge to identify and address AB‐PSS adoption barriers that matter to consumers is lacking. We hypothesise that the duration of use, the time a consumer obtains exclusive access to a specific product (short‐term vs. long‐term) and the type of product (bicycles vs. clothing) moderate the importance of AB‐PSS adoption barriers to consumers. We compared several adoption barriers across four AB‐PSS and found that the duration of use and the type of product significantly moderated the importance of some AB‐PSS adoption barriers. More specifically, the Effort to access has a higher influence on consumer preference for short‐term AB‐PSS, whereas Product quality has a higher influence on consumer preference for long‐term AB‐PSS. We also found that Effort to access and Product characteristics were more important for bicycle AB‐PSS, whereas Contamination and Product quality were more important for clothing AB‐PSS. These insights help companies to identify and design out key AB‐PSS consumer adoption barriers.
Fulfilling expectations or overachieving: The role of market values in the linkage between environmental and financial performance
Authors: Rintala Oskari , Laari Sini , Solakivi Tomi , Töyli Juuso
Published: October 2021

This article adds the influence of institutional settings in the relationship between companies' environmental and financial performance by arguing that firms can leverage their financial performance by conforming to individual values prevalent in (inter)national markets. The values and environmental beliefs of individuals, as available in European Social Survey 2016, were studied together with the environmental and financial performance data of European companies from the Eikon database (n = 920). Countries were grouped based on acquired individual‐level behavioural profiles through multilevel latent profile analysis. Moderation analysis was then utilised to determine the effect of country group on the relationship between the companies' environmental and financial performance. Results indicated that the relationship is negative in countries where disregarding environmentalism‐related values is relatively more common. Moreover, businesses should be aware of and comply with market values to avoid costs and capitalise on environmental performance.
Imperfectly perfect: Examining psychosocial safety climate's influence on the physical and psychological impact of perfectionism in the practice of law
Authors: Gazica Michele W. , Powers Samantha Rae , Kessler Stacey R.
Published: October 2021

Existing evidence suggests that perfectionism is related to depressive symptoms, burnout, and clinical disorders and that socially prescribed, rather than self‐oriented, perfectionism is the most maladaptive. Thus, social expectations of perfection can have detrimental effects on workers that may result in negative organizational outcomes. Using a sample of 176 Arizona attorneys, this two‐wave longitudinal study examined whether psychosocial safety climate (PSC) may reduce perfectionist ideals and, in turn, improve employee well‐being. Expectedly, PSC negatively influenced physical and psychological distress 2 months later directly and indirectly via socially prescribed perfectionism, suggesting that the beneficial impacts of positive PSCs may manifest over a relatively short period of time. Contrarily, self‐oriented perfectionism was not related to PSC, suggesting a demand‐resource mismatch, and positively related to physical symptoms only. These results suggest a more complex relationship between self‐oriented perfectionism and employee well‐being, perhaps depending on other variables.
Using the power threat meaning framework to explore birth parents' experiences of compulsory child removal
Authors: Enlander Abi , Simonds Laura , Hanna Paul
Published: October 2021

In 2019–2020, 80,000 children in England were looked after by the state or adopted. Whilst extensive research has explored the experiences and outcomes of children in the care system, much less research has focused on the experiences of their parents. This paper uses the Power Threat Meaning Framework to provide a qualitative synthesis of literature exploring the experiences of birth parents in England who have had a child removed from their care by the state in order to understand how early interpersonal adversity interacts with social disadvantage to bring these families to the attention of child protection services. This paper aims to problematise the individualistic discourse blaming parents who cannot look after their children and offer an alternative perspective by examining the impact of developmental trauma and systemic adversity on birth parents prior to, during and following care proceedings. This paper argues that significant policy changes are needed to support vulnerable families, with an emphasis on trauma‐informed care and tackling levels of deprivation. This approach challenges psychology and psychiatry (Psy) professionals to use their privileged position to call for broader societal change to address the root causes of distress within this group. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Tetrametallic Copper Complex to Nanoscale Copper: Selective and Switchable Dehydrogenation‐Hydrogenation under Light
Authors: Shelte Amishwar Raysing , Sarmah Kasturi , Guha Ankur K. , Pratihar Sanjay
Published: October 2021

A discrete, photoactive, ultrafine copper nanocluster of fewer than hundreds of atoms with stimuli‐responsive switchable redox‐active states is highly desired to control two different antagonistic reactions. Herein, a mixed‐valent tetrametallic copper complex (C‐1) of N−O‐N Schiff base ligand is disclosed, in which the five different Cu−Cu interactions were used to generate photoactive nanoscale copper [LCu0n, S‐1] through the reduction of coordinated imine to the amine of C‐1. The presence of a ligand provides stability and helps to homogenize the material (S‐1) in the organic solvent. The cluster showed stimuli (O2/light)‐responsive switching between its reduced (S‐1) and oxidized [LCu0n−mCuOm, S‐2] states that allows it to serve as a highly and poorly active (bistate, relative rate >5–12 fold) catalyst for the dehydrogenation of alcohols to aldehydes and hydrogenation of nitroaromatics to amino aromatics under the light.
The impact of Oncotype DX testing on adjuvant chemotherapy decision making in 1–3 node positive breast cancer
Authors: Malam Yogeshkumar , Rabie Mohamed , Geropantas Konstantinos , Alexander Susanna , Pain Simon , Youssef Mina
Published: October 2021

Background

Oncotype DX testing has reduced the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in node‐negative early breast cancer but less is known about its impact in node positive patients.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the impact of Oncotype DX gene assay testing on the decision to offer adjuvant chemotherapy in oestrogen positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, 1–3 lymph node positive patients.

Methods

Retrospective review of all node positive patients who underwent Oncotype DX testing at a single centre. Clinicopathological data, as well as estimated survival benefit data (from the PREDICT tool), was evaluated by a multidisciplinary group of surgeons and oncologists. Treatment decisions based on clinicopathological data were compared to recurrence scores (RS). A cut off RS > 30 was used to offer adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results

The 69 patients were identified, of which 9 (13%) had an RS > 30 and assigned a high‐genomic risk of recurrence. The 32 patients (46.4%) were offered adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall based on the use of the RS, the decision to offer adjuvant chemotherapy changed in 36% of patients, and ultimately 24 patients (34.7%) would have been spared chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Using clinicopathological data alone to make decisions regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in node positive breast cancer leads to overtreatment. Additional information on tumour biology as assessed by the Oncotype DX RS helps to select those patients who will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy and spare patients from unnecessary chemotherapy.
Parallel network simplex algorithm for the minimum cost flow problem
Authors: Kara Gökçehan , Özturan Can
Published: October 2021

In this work, we contribute a parallel implementation of the network simplex algorithm that is used for the solution of minimum cost flow problem. In the network simplex algorithm, finding an entering arc requires searching through many arcs to decide which one should be included in the spanning tree solution on the next iteration. We propose finding the entering arc in parallel as it often takes the majority of the execution time. A usual strategy is to pick the arc violating the optimality the most out of all possible candidates. Scanning all arcs can take quite some time, so it is common to consider only a fixed number of arcs which is referred as the block search pivoting rule. Arc scans can easily be done in parallel to find the best candidate as the calculations are independent of each other. We used shared memory parallelism using OpenMP along with vectorization using AVX instructions. We also tried adjusting block sizes to increase the parallel portion of the algorithm. Our dataset consists of various natural and synthetic graphs with sizes up to a billion arc. Our experiments show speedups up to four are possible, though they are typically lower.
Songs and singing songs in early childhood education: A review of Spanish curriculum policy
Authors: Casal de la Fuente Lucía , Gillanders Carol
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to explore Spanish curriculum policy related to song in early childhood education. By means of a document analysis, the different state governments' guidelines were reviewed. Song and singing songs are included in the official documents as curriculum content, as a pedagogical tool to approach curriculum content, and as an activity that helps promote personal and social development. In the first case, song is associated with the interpretative, aesthetic or artistic values to be enhanced in the early childhood; in the second case, singing songs is identified as a means to approach foreign language learning and as a way to gain a better understanding of culture; and lastly, as an activity that can help strengthen group cohesion, interpersonal relationships and the sense of belonging to a community. The present study findings suggest that song is taken into account as a valuable educational means in early childhood curriculum. Further study is needed to analyse how singing is approached in teacher education and how it is integrated into teachers' daily practices.
Teachers' sources of information about climate change: A scoping review
Authors: Puttick Steven , Talks Isobel
Published: October 2021

This paper sheds light on an important and under‐researched issue: The sources of information about climate change that teachers use. Utilising a ‘scoping review’ methodological approach, we analysed over 600 papers to address two main questions: What sources of information about climate change are teachers using? In what ways are teachers using these sources of information? Through our use of inclusive search terms and detailed analysis of papers, we found only 13 studies of relevance, none of which primarily focus on the sources of information teachers use. The 13 studies are all located in the Global North, and within this nearly half are in the USA. Methodologically, all apart from two rely on teachers' reports rather than observation or other methods. Four types of sources of information were frequently mentioned: The Internet; government sources; mass media and professional development courses. The ‘superabundance’ of information now available to teachers (particularly online), the importance of high‐quality information for students' understandings of climate change, and the limited research on the sources of information about climate change that teachers use makes this is a significant blind spot for research to address.
Micronutrient imbalance and common phenotypes in neural tube defects
Authors: Kakebeen Anneke Dixie , Niswander Lee
Published: October 2021

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common birth defects, with a prevalence of close to 19 per 10,000 births worldwide. The etiology of NTDs is complex involving the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Since nutrient deficiency is a risk factor and dietary changes are the major preventative measure to reduce the risk of NTDs, a more detailed understanding of how common micronutrient imbalances contribute to NTDs is crucial. While folic acid has been the most discussed environmental factor due to the success that population‐wide fortification has had on prevention of NTDs, folic acid supplementation does not prevent all NTDs. The imbalance of several other micronutrients has been implicated as risks for NTDs by epidemiological studies and in vivo studies in animal models. In this review, we highlight recent literature deciphering the multifactorial mechanisms underlying NTDs with an emphasis on mouse and human data. Specifically, we focus on advances in our understanding of how too much or too little retinoic acid, zinc, and iron alter gene expression and cellular processes contributing to the pathobiology of NTDs. Synthesis of the discussed literature reveals common cellular phenotypes found in embryos with NTDs resulting from several micronutrient imbalances. The goal is to combine knowledge of these common cellular phenotypes with mechanisms underlying micronutrient imbalances to provide insights into possible new targets for preventative measures against NTDs.
Patterning of vertebrate cardiac progenitor fields by retinoic acid signaling
Authors: Duong Tiffany B. , Waxman Joshua S.
Published: October 2021

The influence of retinoic acid (RA) signaling on vertebrate development has a well‐studied history. Cumulatively, we now understand that RA signaling has a conserved requirement early in development restricting cardiac progenitors within the anterior lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrate embryos. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological manipulations of RA signaling in vertebrate models have shown that proper heart development is achieved through the deployment of positive and negative feedback mechanisms, which maintain appropriate RA levels. In this brief review, we present a chronological overview of key work that has led to a current model of the critical role for early RA signaling in limiting the generation of cardiac progenitors within vertebrate embryos. Furthermore, we integrate the previous work in mice and our recent findings using zebrafish, which together show that RA signaling has remarkably conserved influences on the later‐differentiating progenitor populations at the arterial and venous poles. We discuss how recognizing the significant conservation of RA signaling on the differentiation of these progenitor populations offers new perspectives and may impact future work dedicated to examining vertebrate heart development.
Nature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis)
Authors: Sudnick Madeline , Brodie Bekka S. , Williams Kelly A.
Published: October 2021

How organisms respond to variation in environmental conditions and whether behavioral responses can mitigate negative consequences on growth, condition, and other fitness measures are critical to our ability to conserve populations in changing environments. Offspring development is affected by environmental conditions and parental care behavior. When adverse environmental conditions are present, parents may alter behaviors to mitigate the impacts of poor environmental conditions on offspring. We determined whether parental behavior (provisioning rates, attentiveness, and nest temperature) varied in relation to environmental conditions (e.g., food availability and ectoparasites) and whether parental behavior mitigated negative consequences of the environment on their offspring in Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis). We found that offspring on territories with lower food availability had higher hematocrit, and when bird blow flies (Protocalliphora spp.) were present, growth rates were reduced. Parents increased provisioning and nest attendance in response to increased food availability but did not alter behavior in response to parasitism by blow flies. While parents altered behavior in response to resource availability, parents were unable to override the direct effects of negative environmental conditions on offspring growth and hematocrit. Our work highlights the importance of the environment on offspring development and suggests that parents may not be able to sufficiently alter behavior to ameliorate challenging environmental conditions.
Pleistocene origin and colonization history ofLobelia columnarisHook. f. (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) across sky islands of West Central Africa
Authors: Pérez‐Pérez Miguel A. , Yu Wen‐Bin
Published: October 2021

We aimed to infer ancestral area and historical colonization ofLobelia columnarisin the sky islands of Bioko and Cameroon through dated phylogeny using chloroplast genomes. Specifically, we aim to answer the following questions: (1) What are the phylogenetic relationships among Bioko Island and Cameroon populations? (2) Are the older populations found in the older sky islands? We assembled novel plastomes from 20 individuals ofL. columnarisfrom 5 mountain systems. The plastome data were explored with phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference. The populations ofL. columnarishave a monophyletic origin, subdivided into three plastomes‐geographic clades. The plastid phylogenomic results and age of the sky islands indicate thatL. columnariscolonized first along with the Cameroon Volcanic Line's young sky islands of Bioko. The crown group (1.54 Ma) split the population in Bioko and mainland Cameroon. It is possible that Bioko was the ancestral area and likely isolated during cold and dry conditions in forest refugia. Presumably, the colonization history occurred during the middle‐late Pleistocene from South Bioko's young sky island to North Bioko and the northern old sky islands in Cameroon. Furthermore, the central depression with lowland forest between North and South Bioko is a current geographic barrier that keeps separating the populations of Bioko from each other. Also, the shallow sea channel keeps isolated the populations of Bioko and the mainland populations. The Pleistocene climatic oscillations led to the divergence of the Cameroon and Bioko populations into three clades.L. columnariscolonized the older sky islands in mainland Cameroon after establishment in Bioko's younger sky islands. Contrary to expectations, the biogeography history was an inverse progression with respect to the age of the Afromontane sky islands.
Antithrombotic and anticoagulation therapies in cardiogenic shock: a critical review of the published literature
Authors: Radu Razvan I. , Ben Gal Tuvia , Abdelhamid Magdy , Antohi Elena‐Laura , Adamo Marianna , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Geavlete Oliviana , Lopatin Yuri , Lyon Alexander , Miro Oscar , Metra Marco , Parissis John , Collins Sean P. , Anker Stefan D. , Chioncel Ovidiu
Published: October 2021

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a complex multifactorial clinical syndrome, developing as a continuum, and progressing from the initial insult (underlying cause) to the subsequent occurrence of organ failure and death. There is a large phenotypic variability in CS, as a result of the diverse aetiologies, pathogenetic mechanisms, haemodynamics, and stages of severity. Although early revascularization remains the most important intervention for CS in settings of acute myocardial infarction, the administration of timely and effective antithrombotic therapy is critical to improving outcomes in these patients. In addition, other clinical settings or non‐acute myocardial infarction aetiologies, associated with high thrombotic risk, may require specific regimens of short‐term or long‐term antithrombotic therapy. In CS, altered tissue perfusion, inflammation, and multi‐organ dysfunction induce unpredictable alterations to antithrombotic drugs' pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Other interventions used in the management of CS, such as mechanical circulatory support, renal replacement therapies, or targeted temperature management, influence both thrombotic and bleeding risks and may require specific antithrombotic strategies. In order to optimize safety and efficacy of these therapies in CS, antithrombotic management should be more adapted to CS clinical scenario or specific device, with individualized antithrombotic regimens in terms of type of treatment, dose, and duration. In addition, patients with CS require a close and appropriate monitoring of antithrombotic therapies to safely balance the increased risk of bleeding and thrombosis.
Prognostic impact of systolic blood pressure in acute heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in older patients
Authors: Putot Sophie , Hacquin Arthur , Manckoundia Patrick , Putot Alain
Published: October 2021

Aims

Recent guidelines recommend a systolic blood pressure (SBP) target below 130 mmHg in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), whatever their age. We investigated whether this intensive SBP control was associated with better survival in very old adults hospitalized for acute HFpEF.

Methods and results

We conducted an observational study in an acute geriatric unit: all consecutive patients discharged from hospital for acute heart failure from 1 March 2019 to 29 February 2020 with a diagnosis of HFpEF were included. Re‐hospitalization and all‐cause mortality at 1 year were compared according to the mean SBP at discharge (patients with a mean SBP < 130 mmHg vs. those with SBP ≥ 130 mmHg). We included 81 patients with a mean age of 89 years. Among them, 47 (58%) were re‐hospitalized and 37 (46%) died at 1 year. All‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval]: 1.50 [0.75–2.98], P = 0.2) and re‐hospitalization rate (HR: 1.04 [0.58–1.86], P = 0.90) at 1 year did not significantly differ between patients with SBP ≥ 130 mmHg and those with SBP < 130 mmHg at discharge. However, a prescription for antihypertensive drugs at discharge was associated with a better long‐term prognosis (all‐cause mortality: HR: 0.42 [0.20–0.88], P = 0.02; re‐hospitalization rate: HR: 0.56 [0.28–1.10], P = 0.09).

Conclusions

Although SBP < 130 mmHg at discharge was not associated with a better prognosis among very old patients hospitalized for acute HFpEF, the prescription of antihypertensive drugs was associated with mortality and re‐hospitalization rates that were reduced by half. Future prospective studies are needed to assess target blood pressure in very elderly patients with HFpEF.
Two‐layered Au@Ag Bimetallic Nanocomposites‐poly (L‐Met) Platform for Highly Sensitive Chlorpheniramine Maleate Detection
Authors: Bayraktepe Dilek Eskiköy , Yazan Zehra
Published: October 2021

The two‐layered bimetallic Au@Ag and poly(L‐methionine) (Au@Ag/p‐L‐met) sensor was newly developed for the electrochemical determination of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM). After electropolymerization of L‐met, bimetallic surfaces were prepared by electrodeposition of Au@Ag nanoparticles on the p‐L‐met/PGE. The surface characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensor shows good electrocatalytic activity, high sensitivity, wide linear range (0.87–600.0 μM) and a low detection limit (0.26 μM) by using Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The sensor was used to determine CPM in pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory results.
Penalized mediation models for multivariate data
Authors: Schaid Daniel J. , Dikilitas Ozan , Sinnwell Jason P. , Kullo Iftikhar J.
Published: October 2021

Statistical methods to integrate multiple layers of data, from exposures to intermediate traits to outcome variables, are needed to guide interpretation of complex data sets for which variables are likely contributing in a causal pathway from exposure to outcome. Statistical mediation analysis based on structural equation models provide a general modeling framework, yet they can be difficult to apply to high‐dimensional data and they are not automated to select the best fitting model. To overcome these limitations, we developed novel algorithms and software to simultaneously evaluate multiple exposure variables, multiple intermediate traits, and multiple outcome variables. Our penalized mediation models are computationally efficient and simulations demonstrate that they produce reliable results for large data sets. Application of our methods to a study of vascular disease demonstrates their utility to identify novel direct effects of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on coronary heart disease and peripheral artery disease, while disentangling the effects of SNPs on the intermediate risk factors including lipids, cigarette smoking, systolic blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes.
Novel loop neurorrhaphy technique to preserve lower lip sensate in mandibular reconstruction using an innervated vascularized iliac bone flap
Authors: Abdelrehem Ahmed , Shi Jingcun , Wang Xudong , Wu Ziqian , Mashrah Mubarak Ahmed , Zhang Chengyao , Li Siyi , Zhang Chenping , Wang Lei
Published: October 2021

Background

This study aimed to introduce a novel loop neurorrhaphy technique using an innervated vascularized iliac bone flap (VIBF) with vascularized ilioinguinal nerve (IIN) to reconstruct the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and preserve lower lip sensation simultaneously with mandibular reconstruction.

Methods

This study prospectively included patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction using VIBF from May 2018 to April 2020. Subjects were allocated into two groups: (1) Group I; innervated VIBF with loop neurorrhaphy (IIN doubly anastomosed with IAN and mental nerve), (2) Group II (control); conventional VIBF. Evaluation was done with operative time, intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG), lower lip sensory assessment (two‐point discrimination [TPD] test and current perception threshold [CPT]), and drooling.

Results

Twelve patients were included; 6 in each group, (7 males and 5 females), age ranging from 18 to 57 years (average: 36.75 years). In all cases, intraoperative perfusion of IIN was confirmed by ICG. Group I showed a statistically significant more flap harvesting time compared with group II (mean difference, 5.67 min; P = 0.0091). There was a significant difference in sensory recovery favoring group I (P < 0.05). The TPD results in group I showed an average of 9.8 ± 6.9 mm and 6.2 ± 5.7 mm on operated and non‐operated sides, while Group II showed a poor sensory recovery, and the TPD showed an average of 24.6 ± 6.7 mm and 8.4 ± 2.3 mm on operated and non‐operated sides. The CPT results showed a significant difference between both groups. In Group I, the extent of drooling was 3.16 ± 0.75, while in Group II, the score was 1.6 ± 0.81, revealing a significant difference favoring Group I.

Conclusions

Concurrent mandibular reconstruction using VIBF and loop neurorrhaphy with vascularized IIN to reconstruct IAN successfully restore lower jaw form and preserve lip sensation.
What just happened? Student perspectives on health promotion placements during COVID‐19
Authors: McIver Shane , Murphy Berni
Published: October 2021

Issue addressed

The emergence of COVID‐19 forced the health industry to re‐imagine its role and drove Work Integrated Learning (WIL) practicums into virtual spaces, adding complexity for students in these programs. Studies documenting the impact of these outcomes as well as the student experience during these tumultuous times are few, and therefore this study investigated students’ lived experience using data sourced from personal observations and insights and subsequent analysis of their own narratives.

Methods

This qualitative study involved researchers applying a thematic analysis to online student blogs which documented their experiences as posted in the discussion forums. Recruitment resulted in a final dataset of 27 providing informed consent, representing a total 36% response rate.

Results

Several themes were identified, including: (a) a need for guidance regarding the shift from group work as assignments to teamwork as a workplace practice, (b) to further develop effective communication and technology skills, (c) learn more about productive time management and (d) further understand transitioning from student to practitioner.

Conclusions

This study affirmed that working virtually has a comparable capacity to foster positive, pre‐professional identity and thinking more as a practitioner, despite the absence of a face‐to‐face setting.

So what?

Findings revealed (a) what educators can expect now that approaches to WIL have expanded, (b) how to prepare students for more diverse experiences in circumstances requiring sudden change and (c) how to reconfigure the curriculum and procedures to provide more supportive resources for students and agencies alike.
Influence of nonlinear radiation on MHD micropolar fluid flow with viscous dissipation
Authors: Kataria Hari R. , Mistry Mital , Mittal Akhil
Published: October 2021

This study takes account of the impact of the convective boundary conditions. The energy equation consists of Joule heating and thermal nonlinear radiation impacts. Contact between the solid and the fluid is also susceptible to a velocity slip. The resultant differential equations system is solved using homotopy analysis method. To find all numerical computations, Mathematica is utilized. The behavior, with graphical results, of pertinent parameters in micropolar fluid flow characteristics is studied. We look at the impact of the material parameter, magnetic parameter, slip parameter, and electrical parameter to grasp the physics of the problem better. Different values of skin friction, wall couple stress, and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed.
Analysis of pressure and heat distribution in a dilating or contracting filter chamber with two outlets using multivariate spectral quasilinearization method
Authors: Lekoko Modisawatsona L. , Oloniiju Shina D. , Magalakwe Gabriel
Published: October 2021

The development of efficient filters is an essential part of industrial machinery design, specifically to increase the lifespan of a machine. In the filter chamber design considered in this study, the magnetic material is placed along the horizontal surface of the filter chamber. The inside of the filter chamber is layered with a porous material to restrict the outflow of unwanted particles. This study aims to investigate the flow, pressure, and heat distribution in a dilating or contracting filter chamber with two outlets driven by injection through a permeable surface. The proposed model of the fluid dynamics within the filter chamber follows the conservation equations in the form of partial differential equations. The model equations are further reduced to a steady case through Lie's symmetry group of transformation. They are then solved using a multivariate spectral‐based quasilinearization method on the Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto nodes. Insights and analyses of the thermophysical parameters that drive optimal outflow during the filtration process are provided through the graphs of the numerical solutions of the differential equations. We find, among other results, that expansion of the filter chamber leads to an overall decrease in internal pressure and an increase in heat distribution inside the filter chamber. The results also show that shrinking the filter chamber increases the internal momentum inside the filter, which leads to more outflow of filtrates.
Nut consumption in association with overall mortality and recurrence/disease‐specific mortality among long‐term breast cancer survivors
Authors: Wang Cong , Gu Kai , Wang Fei , Cai Hui , Zheng Wei , Bao Pingping , Shu Xiao‐Ou
Published: October 2021

High nut consumption is associated with reduced total and certain cause‐specific mortality in general populations. However, its association with cancer outcomes among long‐term breast cancer survivors remains unknown. We examined the associations of nut consumption (including peanuts and tree nuts), assessed at 5‐year postdiagnosis, with overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) among 3449 long‐term breast cancer survivors from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, applying Cox regression analysis. During a median follow‐up of 8.27 years post dietary assessment, there were 374 deaths, including 252 breast cancer deaths. Among 3274 survivors without previous recurrence at the dietary assessment, 209 developed breast cancer‐specific events, that is, recurrence, metastasis or breast cancer mortality. At 5‐year post dietary assessment (ie, 10‐year postdiagnosis), regular nut consumers had higher OS (93.7% vs 89.0%) and DFS (94.1% vs 86.2%) rates. After multivariable adjustment, nut consumption was positively associated with OS (Ptrend = .022) and DFS (Ptrend = .003) following a dose‐response pattern, with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.72 (0.52‐1.05) for OS and 0.48 (0.31‐0.73) for DFS, for participants with greater than median nut intake compared with nonconsumers. The associations did not vary by nut type. Stratified analyses showed that the associations were more evident among participants with a higher total energy intake for OS (Pinteraction = .02) and among participants with early stage (I‐II) breast cancers for DFS (Pinteraction = .04). The nut‐DFS associations were not modified by estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status or other known prognostic factors. In conclusion, nut consumption was associated with better survival, particularly DFS, among long‐term breast cancer survivors.
In‐depth molecular analysis of combined and co‐primary pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hermans Bregtje C. M. , Derks Jules L. , Hillen Lisa M. , van der Baan Irene , van den Broek Esther C. , von der Thüsen Jan H. , van Suylen Robert‐Jan , Atmodimedjo Peggy N. , den Toom T. Dorine , Coumans‐Stallinga Cecile , Timens Wim , Dinjens Winand N. M. , Dubbink Hendrikus J. , Speel Ernst‐Jan M. , Dingemans Anne‐Marie C. ,   PALGA‐group
Published: October 2021

Up to 14% of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) are diagnosed in continuity with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. In addition to these combined lesions, 1% to 7% of lung tumors present as co‐primary tumors with multiple synchronous lesions. We evaluated molecular and clinicopathological characteristics of combined and co‐primary LCNEC‐adenocarcinoma (ADC) tumors. Ten patients with LCNEC‐ADC (combined) and five patients with multiple synchronous ipsilateral LCNEC and ADC tumors (co‐primary) were included. DNA was isolated from distinct tumor parts, and 65 cancer genes were analyzed by next generation sequencing. Immunohistochemistry was performed including neuroendocrine markers, pRb, Ascl1 and Rest. Pure ADC (N = 37) and LCNEC (N = 17) cases were used for reference. At least 1 shared mutation, indicating tumor clonality, was found in LCNEC‐ and ADC‐parts of 10/10 combined tumors but only in 1/5 co‐primary tumors. A range of identical mutations was observed in both parts of combined tumors: 8/10 contained ADC‐related (EGFR/KRAS/STK11 and/or KEAP1), 4/10 RB1 and 9/10 TP53 mutations. Loss of pRb IHC was observed in 6/10 LCNEC‐ and 4/10 ADC‐parts. The number and intensity of expression of Ascl1 and neuroendocrine markers increased from pure ADC (low) to combined ADC (intermediate) and combined and pure LCNEC (high). The opposite was true for Rest expression. In conclusion, all combined LCNEC‐ADC tumors were clonally related indicating a common origin. A relatively high frequency of pRb inactivation was observed in both LCNEC‐ and ADC‐parts, suggesting an underlying role in LCNEC‐ADC development. Furthermore, neuroendocrine differentiation might be modulated by Ascl1(+) and Rest(−) expression.
Nanoscale hybrid implant surfaces and Osterix‐mediated osseointegration
Authors: Morandini Rodrigues Laís , Lima Zutin Elis A. , Sartori Elisa M. , Rizzante Fabio A. P. , Mendonça Daniela B. S. , Krebsbach Paul H. , Jepsen Karl J. , Cooper Lyndon F. , Vasconcellos Luana M. R. , Mendonça Gustavo
Published: October 2021

Endosseous implant surface topography directly affects adherent cell responses following implantation. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of nanoscale topographic modification of titanium implants on Osterix gene expression since this gene has been reported as key factor for bone formation. Titanium implants with smooth and nanoscale topographies were implanted in the femurs of Osterix‐Cherry mice for 1–21 days. Implant integration was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate cell adhesion on implant surfaces, histology, and nanotomography (NanoCT) to observe and quantify the formed bone‐to‐implant interface, flow cytometry to quantify of Osterix expressing cells in adjacent tissues, and real‐time PCR (qPCR) to quantify the osteoinductive and osteogenic gene expression of the implant‐adherent cells. SEM revealed topography‐dependent adhesion of cells at early timepoints. NanoCT demonstrated greater bone formation at nanoscale implants and interfacial osteogenesis was confirmed histologically at 7 and 14 days for both smooth and nanosurface implants. Flow cytometry revealed greater numbers of Osterix positive cells in femurs implanted with nanoscale versus smooth implants. Compared to smooth surface implants, nanoscale surface adherent cells expressed higher levels of Osterix (Osx), Alkaline phosphatase (Alp), Paired related homeobox (Prx1), Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), Bone sialoprotein (Bsp), and Osteocalcin (Ocn). In conclusion, nanoscale surface implants demonstrated greater bone formation associated with higher levels of Osterix expression over the 21‐day healing period with direct evidence of surface‐associated gene regulation involving a nanoscale‐mediated osteoinductive pathway that utilizes Osterix to direct adherent cell osteoinduction.
Trimetazedine with hyperinsulinimea–euoglycemia, N‐acetyl cysteine, and vitamin C: A new approach concept for management of aluminum phosphide poisoning
Authors: El Shehaby Doaa M. , Sayed Sally A. , Abd El‐Kareem Doaa M. , Elsherif Raghda , Almaz Doaa
Published: October 2021

Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is commonly used as a powerful suicidal tool. The exact mechanism of acute toxicity has not been well defined despite high mortality rates as well as its supportive treatment including rapid decontamination and institution of resuscitative measures. The current study aimed to investigate a new combination therapy using trimetazidine, N‐acetyl cysteine, vitamin C, and hyperinsulinemia–euglycemia to manage acute AlP poisoning. Acute AlP‐induced cardiotoxicity, hemodynamic changes, and hepatotoxicity were evaluated using electrocardiogram, creatinine kinase MB iso‐enzyme, troponin‐1, blood pressure, random blood glucose level, liver function tests, and histopathological changes in both the heart and liver in a rabbit model of AlP poisoning. The results showed that the new regimen therapy ameliorates the toxic effect of AlP with significant improvement in survival, cardiovascular and hemodynamic parameters in addition to histopathological changes. These results highlight the strong cardioprotective, antioxidant, hepatoprotective effects of the new combined therapy along with correction of hemodynamic changes and hyperglycemia as a potential target in the management of acute AlP poisoning.
Natural organic matter under human‐influenced environments: Implications for future environmental quality research
Authors: Chow Alex T.
Published: October 2021

Considerable recent research has confirmed that anthropogenic materials including microplastics and nanomaterials have been integrated into soil and dissolved organic matter in the environment. These pools of organic matter could be geochemically processed through different pathways and have different chemical and physical characteristics than the pools of natural organic matter (NOM). However, environmental scientists and engineers currently refer to any organic matter collected in soil, water, and sediments as NOM. Since “real” NOM pools are rapidly dissipated due to losses in natural landscapes, the shift from NOM to human influenced‐organic matter (Hi‐OM) pools could have huge ecological impacts on the environment. Future environmental quality research should highlight the differences between Hi‐OM from NOM.
Awareness of genetic counseling and genetic testing for hereditary gynecologic cancers among Korean healthcare providers: A survey
Authors: Kim Miseon , Cheol Lim Myong , Ji Nam Eun , Huang Dan , Kim Sue , Jong Yoo Heon , Lee Yoo‐Young , Chang Yoon‐Jung ,   on the behalf of the sub‐committee of Hereditary Gynecologic Cancers in the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO)
Published: October 2021

We conducted a survey to evaluate the awareness of genetic counseling and testing for hereditary gynecologic cancers among Korean healthcare providers. We performed an on‐the‐spot survey using 29 questions on respondents’ basic information, awareness of pre/post‐test genetic counseling, genetic information management, and related social issues. We surveyed healthcare providers who attended the 2019 Hereditary Gynecologic Cancer Symposium organized by the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology. Of the 108 attendees, 85 (78.7%) participated in the survey. Among them, 45% (37/83) and 40% (33/83) did not have a separate clinic and had a dedicated team for genetic counseling in their institutions, respectively. Most respondents (60/76, 79%) recommended genetic testing for all women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. Many respondents simultaneously (20/85, 24%) or sequentially (45/85, 53%) tested for both pathogenic somatic and germline variants, whereas a few respondents (2/85, 2%) checked for only pathogenic somatic variants using tissue samples. Only 20% (17/85) of the respondents recommended genetic testing for all women with endometrial cancer; meanwhile, 68% (58/86) offered the test based on the results of the screening test or family history. Risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy was recommended to unaffected women with pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants by 69.4% of the respondents (59/85). Most respondents (73/85, 85.9%) needed a manual on bioethics law; a few required a clinical update of hereditary cancer (73/85, 85.9%). The awareness of genetic counseling and testing and the pattern of clinical practice for hereditary gynecologic cancers differ among institutions and regions in Korea. A discussion on these issues and the development of an integrated manual for healthcare providers are required.
A New Reporting System for Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B With Clinical and Gadoxetic Acid‐Enhanced MRI Features
Authors: Hwang Shin Hye , Hong Seung Baek , Han Kyunghwa , Seo Nieun , Choi Jin‐Young , Lee Jei Hee , Park Sumi , Lim Young‐Suk , Kim Do Young , Kim So Yeon , Park Mi‐Suk
Published: October 2021

Background

Current major guidelines for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on imaging findings are different from each other and do not include clinical risk factors as a diagnostic criteria.

Purpose

To developed and validated a new diagnostic score system using MRI and clinical features as applied in chronic hepatitis B patients.

Study Type

Retrospective observational study.

Subject

A total of 418 treatment‐naïve patients (out of 902 patients) with chronic hepatitis B having 556 lesions suspected for HCC which were eligible for curative treatment.

Field Strength/sequence

T1W GRE in‐ and opposed‐phase, T2W FSE, DWI, and T1W 3D‐GRE dynamic contrast‐enhanced sequences at 1.5  T and 3  T.

Assessment

Six radiologists with 7–22 years of experience independently evaluated MR images based on Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) version 2018.

Statistical Tests

Based on logistic regression analysis of MRI features and clinical factors, a risk score system was devised in derivation cohorts (268 patients, 352 lesions) and externally validated (150 patients, 204 lesions). The performance of the new score system was assessed by Harell's c‐index. Using cutoff value of 12, maintaining positive predictive value ≥95%, the diagnostic performances of the score system were compared with those of LR‐5.

Results

The 15‐point diagnostic scoring system used MRI features (lesion size, nonrim arterial phase hyperenhancement, portal venous phase hypointensity, hepatobiliary phase hypointensity, and diffusion restriction) and clinical factors (alpha‐fetoprotein and platelet). It showed good discrimination in the derivation (c‐index, 0.946) and validation cohorts (c‐index, 0.907). Using a risk score of 12 as a cut‐off, this system yielded higher sensitivity than LR‐5 (derivation cohort, 76.8% vs. 52.1%; validation cohort, 73.4% vs. 49.5%) without significant decrease in specificity (derivation cohort, 93.1% vs. 97.2%, P = 0.074; validation cohort, 91.7% vs. 96.1%, P = 0.299).

Data Conclusion

A new score system showed improved sensitivity in chronic hepatitis B patients compared to LI‐RADS without significant compromise in specificity.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.