bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bedforms on the submarine flanks of insular volcanoes: New insights gained from high resolution seafloor surveys
Authors: Casalbore Daniele , Clare Michael A. , Pope Ed L. , Quartau Rui , Bosman Alessandro , Chiocci Francesco L. , Romagnoli Claudia , Santos Rùben
Published: March 2020

A comparative analysis of bedform fields along the submarine flanks of insular volcanoes, characterized by different morpho‐structural settings, volcanic and meteo‐marine regimes (Vanuatu, Kermadec, Bismark, Madeira and Aeolian archipelagos), is presented here to provide insights on the size distribution, morpho‐dynamic and genesis of such bedforms. Two main types of bedforms are recognized according to their size, location and preconditioning/triggering processes. Small‐scale bedforms have wavelengths of tens to hundreds of metres and wave heights of metres. Because of their small‐size, they are typically not recognizable at water depths greater than 400 m from vessel‐mounted bathymetric surveys. Few examples of small‐scale bedforms are reported from upper volcanic flanks, where steep gradients commonly hinder their formation. Their recognition is mostly limited to the thalweg of shallow and flat‐bottomed channels that carve the insular shelf on slope gradients <15°. Small‐scale bedforms are mostly related to erosional–depositional processes due to sedimentary gravity flows that are often the result of a cascading effect between volcanic and non‐volcanic processes (for example, flood discharges and retrogressive landslides). Large‐scale bedforms occur at all water depths, having wavelengths of hundreds/thousands of metres and wave heights up to few hundreds of metres. The origin of large bedforms is more difficult to ascertain, especially if only bathymetric data are available. Some diagnostic criteria are presented to distinguish between bedforms associated with landslide deposits and those associated with density currents. In this latter case, relevant sediment sources and slope gradients (<8°) are key factors for bedform development. Erosional–depositional bedforms are typically related to eruption‐fed density flows formed during large caldera collapses or to large turbidity flows. Bedforms generated by turbidity flows are often observed in the lower volcanic flanks, where an abrupt decrease of gradients is present, often matching a change from confined to unconfined settings. In summary, this study provides insights to interpret bedforms in modern and ancient marine volcaniclastic settings elsewhere.
Forecasting National Medal Totals at the Summer Olympic Games Reconsidered
Authors: Scelles Nicolas , Andreff Wladimir , Bonnal Liliane , Andreff Madeleine , Favard Pascal
Published: March 2020

Objective

This article aims at explaining national medal totals at the 1992–2016 Summer Olympic Games (n = 1,289 observations) and forecasting them in 2016 (based on 1992–2012 data) and 2020 with a set of variables similar to previous studies, as well as a regional (subcontinents) variable not tested previously in the literature in English.

Method

Econometric testing not only resorts to a Tobit model as usual but also to a Hurdle model.

Results

Most variables have a significant impact on national team medal totals; it appears to be negative for most regions other than North America except Western Europe and Oceania (not significant). Then, two models (Tobit and Hurdle) are implemented to forecast national medal totals at the 2016 and 2020 Summer Olympics.

Conclusion

Both models are complementary for the 2016 forecast. The 2020 forecast is consistent with Olympic Medals Predictions, although some striking differences are found.
Editors’ Review and Introduction: Lying in Logic, Language, and Cognition
Authors: van Ditmarsch Hans , Hendriks Petra , Verbrugge Rineke
Published: March 2020

We describe some recent trends in research on lying from a multidisciplinary perspective, including logic, philosophy, linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, behavioral economics, and artificial intelligence. Furthermore, we outline the seven contributions to this special issue of topiCS.
Identification of fusidic acid resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs in Korea
Authors: Lim Yun‐Ji , Hyun Jae‐Eun , Hwang Cheol‐Yong
Published: March 2020

Background

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a major bacterial species associated with canine pyoderma and otitis. Fusidic acid is used to treat skin infections caused by Gram‐positive bacteria. The incidence of resistance to fusidic acid in S. pseudintermedius has importance in terms of limiting treatment options for bacterial infections.

Hypothesis/objectives

To evaluate the occurrence and mechanisms of fusidic acid resistance in clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius.

Animals

Fifty‐two S. pseudintermedius isolates were collected from dogs with pyoderma (n = 36) or otitis (n = 16).

Methods and materials

The disk diffusion method determined that isolates <24 mm were resistant to fusidic acid. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured by the E‐test in those with confirmed resistance to fusidic acid by the disk diffusion method. Phenotypically fusidic acid resistant isolates were subjected to PCR to detect the presence of resistance‐related genes (fusA, fusB, fusC and fusD) and fusA was further sequenced to identify point mutations.

Results

Fourteen of 52 (27%) S. pseudintermedius isolates were resistant to fusidic acid and all of these showed low‐level resistance. Among fusidic acid resistant isolates, fusA point mutations were confirmed in 11 isolates and amino acid substitutions were found in five. fusC was detected in seven isolates, but neither fusB nor fusD was detected.

Conclusions and clinical importance

This study demonstrates the occurrence and resistance mechanisms to fusidic acid in clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius. Continuous monitoring for fusidic acid resistance is recommended.
PAX1 is essential for development and function of the human thymus
Authors: Yamazaki Yasuhiro , Urrutia Raul , Franco Luis M. , Giliani Silvia , Zhang Kejian , Alazami Anas M. , Dobbs A. Kerry , Masneri Stefania , Joshi Avni , Otaizo-Carrasquero Francisco , Myers Timothy G. , Ganesan Sundar , Bondioni Maria Pia , Ho Mai Lan , Marks Catherine , Alajlan Huda , Mohammed Reem W. , Zou Fanggeng , Valencia C. Alexander , Filipovich Alexandra H. , Facchetti Fabio , Boisson Bertrand , Azzari Chiara , Al-Saud Bander K. , Al-Mousa Hamoud , Casanova Jean Laurent , Abraham Roshini S. , Notarangelo Luigi D.
Published: February 2020

PAX1deficiency causes a syndromic form of SCID by altering differentiation of thymic epithelial cells and other pharyngeal pouch tissues.
Metagenomics-Guided Discovery of Potential Bacterial Metallothionein Genes from the Soil Microbiome That Confer Cu and/or Cd Resistance
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Islam M. Mominul , Chen Liang , Wang Likun , Zheng Xin
Published: February 2020

The metagenomics-guided procedure developed here bypasses the difficulties encountered in classic PCR-based approaches and led to the discovery of novel MT genes, which may be useful in developing bioremediation tools. The procedure used here expands our knowledge on the diversity of bacterial MTs in the environment and may also be applicable to identify other functional genes from eDNA.
Bottleneck Size-Dependent Changes in the Genetic Diversity and Specific Growth Rate of a Rotavirus A Strain
Authors: Kadoya Syun-suke , Urayama Syun-ichi , Nunoura Takuro , Hirai Miho , Takaki Yoshihiro , Kitajima Masaaki , Nakagomi Toyoko , Nakagomi Osamu , Okabe Satoshi , Nishimura Osamu , Sano Daisuke
Published: February 2020

In this study, we investigated a bottleneck effect on an RRV population that may drastically affect the viral population structure. RRV populations were serially passaged under two levels of a bottleneck effect, which exemplified human-to-human transmission. As a result, the genetic diversity and specific growth rate of RRV populations increased under the stronger bottleneck effect, which implied that a bottleneck created a new space in a population for minor mutants originally existing in a hidden layer, which includes minor mutations that cannot be distinguished from a sequencing error. The results of this study suggest that the genetic drift caused by a bottleneck in human-to-human transmission explains the random appearance of new genetic lineages causing viral outbreaks, which can be expected according to molecular epidemiology using next-generation sequencing in which the viral genetic diversity within a viral population is investigated.
Heterosubtypic Protection Induced by a Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccine Expressing Galactose-α-1,3-Galactose Epitopes in Infected Cells
Authors: Yan Li-Meng , Lau Sylvia P. N. , Poh Chek Meng , Chan Vera S. F. , Chan Michael C. W. , Peiris Malik , Poon Leo L. M.
Published: February 2020

Influenza A viruses have multiple HA subtypes that are antigenically diverse. Classical influenza virus vaccines are subtype specific, and they cannot induce satisfactory heterosubtypic immunity against multiple influenza virus subtypes. Here, we developed a live attenuated H1N1 influenza virus vaccine that allows the expression of α-Gal epitopes by infected cells. Anti-α-Gal antibody is naturally produced by humans. In the presence of this antibody, human cells infected with this experimental vaccine virus can enhance several antibody-mediated immune responses
in vitro
. Importantly, mice expressing anti-α-Gal antibody
in vivo
can be fully protected by this H1N1 vaccine against a lethal H5 or H3 virus challenge. Our work demonstrates a new strategy for using a single influenza virus strain to induce broadly cross-reactive immune responses against different influenza virus subtypes.
Direct Observation of the Dynamics of Single-Cell Metabolic Activity during Microbial Diauxic Growth
Authors: McClelland H. L. O. , Jones C. , Chubiz L. M. , Fike D. A. , Bradley A. S.
Published: February 2020

Understanding how genetic information is realized as the behavior of individual cells is a long-term goal of biology but represents a significant technological challenge. In clonal microbial populations, variation in gene regulation is often interpreted as metabolic heterogeneity. This follows the central dogma of biology, in which information flows from DNA to RNA to protein and ultimately manifests as activity. At present, DNA and RNA can be characterized in single cells, but the abundance and activity of proteins cannot. Inferences about metabolic activity usually therefore rely on the assumption that transcription reflects activity. By tracking the atoms from which they build their biomass, we make direct observations of growth rate and substrate specialization in individual cells throughout a period of growth in a changing environment. This approach allows the flow of information from DNA to be constrained from the distal end of the regulatory cascade and will become an essential tool in the rapidly advancing field of single-cell metabolism.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reactivates HIV-1 via Exosome-Mediated Resetting of Cellular Redox Potential and Bioenergetics
Authors: Tyagi Priyanka , Pal Virender Kumar , Agrawal Ragini , Singh Shalini , Srinivasan Sandhya , Singh Amit
Published: February 2020

Globally, individuals coinfected with the AIDS virus (HIV-1) and withM. tuberculosis(causative agent of tuberculosis [TB]) pose major obstacles in the clinical management of both diseases. At the heart of this issue is the apparent synergy between the two human pathogens. On the one hand, mechanisms induced by HIV-1 for reactivation of TB in AIDS patients are well characterized. On the other hand, while clinical findings clearly identified TB as a risk factor for HIV-1 reactivation and associated mortality, basic mechanisms by whichM. tuberculosisexacerbates HIV-1 replication and infection remain poorly characterized. The significance of our research is in identifying the role of fundamental mechanisms such as redox and energy metabolism in catalyzing HIV-M. tuberculosissynergy. The quantification of redox and respiratory parameters affected byM. tuberculosisin stimulating HIV-1 will greatly enhance our understanding of HIV-M. tuberculosiscoinfection, leading to a wider impact on the biomedical research community and creating new translational opportunities.
Obesity-Related Microenvironment Promotes Emergence of Virulent Influenza Virus Strains
Authors: Honce Rebekah , Karlsson Erik A. , Wohlgemuth Nicholas , Estrada Leonardo D. , Meliopoulos Victoria A. , Yao Jiangwei , Schultz-Cherry Stacey
Published: February 2020

Currently, 50% of the adult population worldwide is overweight or obese. In these studies, we demonstrate that obesity not only enhances the severity of influenza infection but also impacts viral diversity. The altered microenvironment associated with obesity supports a more diverse viral quasispecies and affords the emergence of potentially pathogenic variants capable of inducing greater disease severity in lean hosts. This is likely due to the impaired interferon response, which is seen in both obese mice and obesity-derived human bronchial epithelial cells, suggesting that obesity, aside from its impact on influenza virus pathogenesis, permits the stochastic accumulation of potentially pathogenic viral variants, raising concerns about its public health impact as the prevalence of obesity continues to rise.
Glucose homeostasis is impaired in mice deficient in the neuropeptide 26RFa (QRFP)
Authors: El-Mehdi Mouna , Takhlidjt Saloua , Khiar Fayrouz , Prévost Gaëtan , do Rego Jean-Luc , do Rego Jean-Claude , Benani Alexandre , Nedelec Emmanuelle , Godefroy David , Arabo Aranaud , Lefranc Benjamin , Leprince Jérôme , Anouar Youssef , Chartrel Nicolas , Picot Marie
Published: February 2020

Introduction

26RFa (pyroglutamyl RFamide peptide (QRFP)) is a biologically active peptide that has been found to control feeding behavior by stimulating food intake, and to regulate glucose homeostasis by acting as an incretin. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate the impact of 26RFa gene knockout on the regulation of energy and glucose metabolism.

Research design and methods

26RFa mutant mice were generated by homologous recombination, in which the entire coding region of prepro26RFa was replaced by the iCre sequence. Energy and glucose metabolism was evaluated through measurement of complementary parameters. Morphological and physiological alterations of the pancreatic islets were also investigated.

Results

Our data do not reveal significant alteration of energy metabolism in the 26RFa-deficient mice except the occurrence of an increased basal metabolic rate. By contrast, 26RFa mutant mice exhibited an altered glycemic phenotype with an increased hyperglycemia after a glucose challenge associated with an impaired insulin production, and an elevated hepatic glucose production. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional immunohistochemical experiments indicate that the insulin content of pancreatic β cells is much lower in the 26RFa−/−mice as compared with the wild-type littermates.

Conclusion

Disruption of the 26RFa gene induces substantial alteration in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, with in particular a deficit in insulin production by the pancreatic islets. These findings further support the notion that 26RFa is an important regulator of glucose homeostasis.
Online patient feedback as a measure of quality in primary care: a multimethod study using correlation and qualitative analysis
Authors: Boylan Anne-Marie , Turk Amadea , van Velthoven Michelle Helena , Powell John
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To ascertain the relationship between online patient feedback and the General Practice Patient Survey (GPPS) and the Friends and Family Test (FFT). To consider the potential benefit it may add by describing the content of public reviews found on NHS Choices for all general practices in one Clinical Commissioning Group in England.

Design

Multimethod study using correlation and thematic analysis.

Setting

1396 public online reviews and ratings on NHS Choices for all General Practices (n=70) in Oxfordshire Clinical Commissioning Group in England.

Results

Significant moderate correlations were found between the online patient feedback and the GPPS and the FFT. Three themes were developed through the qualitative analysis: (1) online feedback largely provides positive reinforcement for practice staff; (2) online feedback is used as a platform for suggesting service organisation and delivery improvements; (3) online feedback can be a source of insight into patients’ expectations of care. These themes illustrate the wide range of topics commented on by patients, including their medical care, relationships with various members of staff, practice facilities, amenities and services in primary care settings.

Conclusions

This multimethod study demonstrates that online feedback found on NHS Choices is significantly correlated with established measures of quality in primary care. This suggests it has a potential use in understanding patient experience and satisfaction, and a potential use in quality improvement and patient safety. The qualitative analysis shows that this form of feedback contains helpful information about patients’ experiences of general practice that provide insight into issues of quality and patient safety relevant to primary care. Health providers should offer patients multiple ways of offering feedback, including online, and should have systems in place to respond to and act on this feedback.
Timeliness of signal detection for adverse events following influenza vaccination in young children: a simulation case study
Authors: Jacoby Peter , Glover Catherine , Damon Chloe , Fathima Parveen , Pillsbury Alexis , Durrheim David , Gold Michael S , Leeb Alan , Snelling Tom
Published: March 2020

Objectives

To determine how soon after commencement of the seasonal influenza vaccination programme, the AusVaxSafety active vaccine safety surveillance system, currently in use across Australia, would have detected a safety signal had it been operating in 2010 when there was an unprecedented number of febrile seizures in young children associated with one specific influenza vaccine brand, Fluvax (CSL Biotherapies).

Design

Simulation study.

Setting

Western Australian vaccine influenza coverage and adverse event surveillance data.

Outcome measures

Simulated solicited responses from caregivers who would have received an SMS survey about adverse events experienced following seasonal influenza vaccination of their children aged 6 months to <5 years.

Participants

None.

Results

We estimated a >90% probability of a safety signal being detected by AusVaxSafety based on solicited reports for either fever or medical attendance at or before the week ending 28 March 2010, 3 weeks after the start of vaccine distribution. Suspension of the national paediatric influenza vaccination programme as a result of the passive adverse events surveillance operating at the time did not occur until 23 April 2010.

Conclusions

Active vaccine safety surveillance leading to rapid detection of a safety signal would likely have resulted in earlier suspension of Fluvax from the vaccination programme, prevention of many febrile convulsions and maintenance of public confidence in influenza vaccination for young children.
Burns in Nepal: a participatory, community survey of burn cases and knowledge, attitudes and practices to burn care and prevention in three rural municipalities
Authors: Phuyal Kamal , Ogada Edna Adhiambo , Bendell Richard , Price Patricia E , Potokar Tom
Published: February 2020

Objectives

As part of an ongoing, long-term project to co-create burn prevention strategies in Nepal, we collected baseline data to share and discuss with the local community, use as a basis for a co-created prevention strategy and then monitor changes over time. This paper reports on the method and outcomes of the baseline survey and demonstrates how the data are presented back to the community.

Design

A community-based survey.

Setting

Community based in three rural municipalities in Nepal.

Participants

1305 households were approached: the head of 1279 households participated, giving a response rate of 98%. In 90.3% of cases, the head of the household was male.

Results

We found that 2.7% (CI 1.8 to 3.7) of 1279 households, from three representative municipalities, reported at least one serious burn in the previous 12 months: a serious burn was defined as one requiring medical attention and/or inability to work or do normal activities for 24 hours. While only 4 paediatric and 10 adult cases in the previous 12 months reached hospital care, the impact on the lives of those involved was profound. Only one patient was referred on from primary to secondary/tertiary care; the average length of hospital stay for those presenting directly to secondary/tertiary care was 21 days. A range of first-aid behaviours were used, many of which are appropriate for the local context while a few may be potentially harmful (eg, the use of dung).

Conclusion

The participatory approach used in this study ensured a high response rate. We have demonstrated that infographics can link the pathway for each of the cases observed from initial incident to final location of care.
Care of the patient with invasive meningococcal disease by prehospital emergency medical service clinicians: a scoping review
Authors: Pearce James , Peters Micah , May Nikki , Marshall Helen , Hein Cindy , Grantham Hugh
Published: February 2020

Objective

The objective of this scoping review is to systematically map the literature to identify the scope, depth, key concepts and gaps in the evidence regarding care of the patient with invasive meningococcal disease by emergency medical service (EMS) clinicians.

Design

Scoping review. This review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guideline.

Eligibility criteria

Sources which focused on patients with invasive meningococcal disease (population), where the care of EMS clinicians was the focus (concept), in EMS systems worldwide (context) were eligible for inclusion.

Search strategy

This review utilised a comprehensive search strategy including MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ‘grey’ literature databases from 1992 to January 2019. The search also included a Google search, a hand-search of relevant journals, screening of reference lists, contact with authors of included sources and use of social media in an attempt to locate all sources of evidence which fit the inclusion criteria of the review. Two reviewers independently screened sources for inclusion.

Results

The search yielded 1803 unique records, of which 10 were included in the synthesis. No original research papers were identified, with all sources classed as either clinical audit or text and opinion literature. The dominant concept throughout the literature is that early antibiotic therapy is critical in the treatment of invasive meningococcal disease.

Conclusions

Overall, there is a very narrow scope and shallow depth of literature on the topic of interest. There are gaps in the evidence regarding the care of the patient with invasive meningococcal disease by EMS clinicians. Despite these shortfalls, current consensus-based guidelines should direct clinical practice. Further research is planned to bridge the gaps in knowledge to support best practice.
Effects of medical and non-medical cannabis use in older adults: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Wolfe Dianna , Corace Kimberly , Rice Danielle , Smith Andra , Kanji Salmaan , Conn David , Willows Melanie , Garber Gary E , Puxty John , Moghadam Esther , Skidmore Becky , Garritty Chantelle , Thavorn Kednapa , Moher David , Hutton Brian
Published: February 2020

Introduction

With its legalisation and regulation in Canada in 2018, the proportion of Canadians reporting cannabis use in 2019 increased substantially over the previous year, with half of new users being aged 45+ years. While use in older adults has been low historically, as those born in the 1950s and 1960s continue to age, this demographic will progressively have more liberal attitudes, prior cannabis exposure and higher use rates. However, older adults experience slower metabolism, increased likelihood of polypharmacy, cognitive decline and chronic physical/mental health problems. There is a need to enhance knowledge of the effects of cannabis use in older adults. The following question will be addressed using a scoping review approach: what evidence exists regarding beneficial and harmful effects of medical and non-medical cannabis use in adults >50 years of age? Given that beneficial and harmful effects of cannabis may be mediated by patient-level (eg, age, sex and race) and cannabis-related factors (eg, natural vs synthetic, consumption method), subgroup effects related to these and additional factors will be explored.

Methods and analysis

Methods for scoping reviews outlined by Arksey & O’Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used. A librarian designed a systematic search of the literature from database inception to June 2019. Using the OVID platform, Ovid MEDLINE will be searched, including Epub Ahead of Print and In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase Classic+Embase, and PsycINFO for reviews, randomised trials, non-randomised trials and observational studies of cannabis use. The Cochrane Library on Wiley will also be searched. Eligibility criteria will be older adult participants, currently using cannabis (medical or non-medical), with studies required to report a cannabis-related health outcome to be eligible. Two reviewers will screen citations and full texts, with support from artificial intelligence. Two reviewers will chart data. Tables/graphics will be used to map evidence and identify evidence gaps.

Ethics and dissemination

This research will enhance awareness of existing evidence addressing the health effects of medical and non-medical cannabis use in older adults. Findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and a stakeholder meeting.

Trial registration number

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/5JTAQ.
Comparison of incidence rates and risk factors of heart failure between two male cohorts born 30 years apart
Authors: Ergatoudes Constantinos , Hansson Per-Olof , Svärdsudd Kurt , Rosengren Annika , Östgärd Thunström Erik , Caidahl Kenneth , Pivodic Aldina , Fu Michael
Published: February 2020

Objective

To compare two cohorts of middle-aged men from the general population born 30 years apart for incidence and predictors of heart failure (HF).

Methods

Two population samples of men, born in 1913 (n=855) and in 1943 (n=797), were examined at 50 years of age and followed up for 21 years (1963–1994 and 1993–2014). Cox regression analysis was used to examine the impact of different factors on the risk of developing HF.

Results

Eighty men born in 1913 (9.4%) and 42 men born in 1943 (5.3%) developed HF during follow-up; adjusted HRs comparing the two cohorts (born 1943 vs 1913) were: 0.46 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.74, p=0.002). In both cohorts, higher body mass index, higher diastolic blood pressure, treatment for hypertension, onset of either atrial fibrillation (AF), ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus were associated with higher risk of HF. Higher heart rate was associated with an increased risk only in men born in 1913, whereas higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking, higher glucose, higher cholesterol and physical inactivity were associated with an increased risk in men born in 1943. AF contributed higher risk of incident HF, whereas SBP and physical inactivity contributed lower risk in men born in 1943 compared with men born in 1913.

Conclusions

Men born in 1943 had half the risk of HF after their 50s than those born 30 years earlier. AF, obesity, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and hypertension remain important precursors of HF.
Stenting with Acclino (flex) for symptomatic intracranial stenosis as secondary stroke prevention
Authors: Meyer Lukas , Leischner Hannes , Thomalla Goetz , Krause Lars Udo , Lowens Stephan , Rothaupt Jan , Hanning Uta , Buhk Jan Hendrik , Fiehler Jens , Chapot René , Stracke Christian Paul , Bester Maxim
Published: March 2020

Background and purpose

Stroke recurrence is high in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis despite best medical treatment. Based on evidence from past studies using previous stent generations, elective intracranial stenting (eICS) is considered in a minority of patients. This study aims to report on experience performing eICS with a novel device combination.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data from three high volume stroke centers and analyzed patients that were treated with eICS for symptomatic intracranial stenosis using the Acclino (flex) stent and the NeuroSpeed balloon catheter (Acandis GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany). Study endpoints were periprocedural rates of stroke regardless of territory or death at discharge and at the time of follow-up after eICS. Safety evaluation included asymptomatic and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, serious adverse events related to the intervention, and evaluation of stent patency at the time of follow-up.

Results

The median age of patients that met the inclusion criteria (n=76) was 69 years. Target vessels were located in the anterior circulation in 55.3% (42/76) of patients. The periprocedural stroke rate was 6.5% (fatal stroke 2.6%; non-fatal stroke 3.9%) at discharge after eICS. Asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was observed in 5.2% (4/76) of patients. Follow-up DSA revealed in-stent restenosis of 25% (15/60), and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed again in 11.6% (7/60) of patients.

Conclusion

Stenting for symptomatic intracranial stenosis with the Acclino (flex)/NeuroSpeed balloon catheter seemed to be safe and reinforces eICS as an endovascular therapy option for secondary stroke prevention. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings and investigate antithrombotic strategies and in-stent restenosis to minimize periprocedural complications and guarantee long term stent patency.
Le glissement rocheux du 19 septembre 1889 le long du cap Diamant, Québec : une catastrophe appréhendée par Charles Baillairgé
Authors: Locat Jacques , Turmel Dominique
Published: February 2020

Le glissement rocheux de 1889 le long de la rue Champlain est celui qui a causé le plus de décès dans cette partie de la ville de Québec au cours du 19esiècle. Cet article présente une rétrospective historique des événements qui ont mené à celui de 1889, et cela en commençant par un autre glissement rocheux survenu en 1841 dans le même secteur, événement aussi important que celui de 1889. Des mesures de prévention ont été mises en place après 1880 mais elles n’ont pas été suffisantes pour prévenir la catastrophe de 1889 qui avait été appréhendée par ceux, incluant Baillairgé en 1880, qui avaient étudié le site du cap Diamant. La revue historique du glissement souligne le jugement de la Cour Suprême du Canada en 1894 qui conclut que la Reine ne pouvait être tenue responsable des conséquences du glissement malgré le fait qu’un drain défectueux aurait permis aux eaux de drainage de la Citadelle de s’infiltrer dans les larges fissures présentes dans le talus. Une rétro-analyse du glissement de 1889 a permis d’appuyer le fait que le glissement était un basculement. Cet article souligne la contribution de Charles Baillairgé (1826–1906) à la compréhension des glissements de terrain le long du cap Diamant.
Upregulation of PACE4 in prostate cancer is not dependent on E2F transcription factors
Authors: Bakrania Anita , Aubé Mélanie , Desjardins Roxane , Sabbagh Robert , Day Robert
Published: March 2020

Recent studies in prostate cancer have identified PACE4, a proprotein convertase enzyme, as an emerging therapeutic target. Inhibition of PACE4-altCT, an oncogenic isoform of PACE4, using molecular or pharmacological approaches results in decreased cell proliferation and tumor progression in xenograft models. Although several validations have confirmed PACE4-altCT as a novel therapeutic target, the transcriptional regulation of PACE4 isoforms and mechanism of action remain a challenge. Previously, it has been reported that the human PACE4 promoter possesses potential binding sites for the E2F family of transcription factors, all of which are involved in cell cycle regulation and synthesis of DNA in mammalian cells. Therefore, we attempted to conduct in-depth evaluation of E2Fs on PACE4 and PACE4 isoform expression in prostate cancer. We conducted in vitro molecular silencing studies in various prostate cancer cell lines and determined the change in PACE4 expression levels. The results clearly show that the E2Fs alone do not alter PACE4 expression.
Order parameter dynamics of the non-linear sigma model in the large N limit
Authors: Gemsheim Sebastian , Mandal Ipsita , Sengupta Krishnendu , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: March 2020

We study non-equilibrium order parameter dynamics of the non-linear sigma model in the largeNlimit, using Keldysh formalism. We provide a scheme for obtaining stable numerical solution of the Keldysh saddle point equations and use them to study order parameter dynamics of the model either following a ramp, or in the presence of a periodic drive. We find that the transient dynamics of the order parameter in the presence of a periodic drive is controlled by the drive frequency displaying the phenomenon of synchronization. We also study the approach of the order parameter to its steady state value following a ramp and find out the effective temperature of the steady state. We chart out the steady state temperature of the ordered phase as a function of ramp time and amplitude, and discuss the relation of our results to experimentally realizable spin models.

Graphical abstract
An Area-Power Efficient Denoising Hardware Architecture for Real EOG Signal
Authors: Kumar Gundugonti Kishore , Narayanam Balaji
Published: March 2020

This paper presents an optimized noise reduction hardware architecture for real electrooculogram (EOG) system. The proposed denoise architecture is developed using differential evolution (DE) algorithm. The algorithm design the filter with fewer sign-power-of-two (SPT) terms to optimize the denoise filter hardware with desired frequency response. The proposed denoise filter architecture with a DE coefficient set uses shift and add approach and is implemented in gate-level Verilog HDL. The real EOG denoise filter’s functionality is checked with Altera DSP Builder and synthesized using Cadence RTL compiler. Both FPGA and ASIC synthesis results are compared with the recently published works. The area and power consumption results show that the proposed filter occupies less area and with low power consumption as compared to the existing architectures.
Classification of irreducible modules for Bershadsky–Polyakov algebra at certain levels
Authors: Adamović Dražen , Kontrec Ana
Published: March 2020

We study the representation theory of the Bershadsky–Polyakov algebra [Formula: see text]. In particular, Zhu algebra of [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to a certain quotient of the Smith algebra, after changing the Virasoro vector. We classify all modules in the category [Formula: see text] for the Bershadsky–Polyakov algebra [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. In the case [Formula: see text], we show that the Zhu algebra [Formula: see text] has two-dimensional indecomposable modules.
Lp time asymptotic decay for general hyperbolic–parabolic balance laws with applications
Authors: Zeng Yanni
Published: March 2020

We study the time asymptotic decay of solutions for a general system of hyperbolic–parabolic balance laws in one space dimension. The system has a physical viscosity matrix and a lower-order term for relaxation, damping or chemical reaction. The viscosity matrix and the Jacobian matrix of the lower-order term are rank deficient. For Cauchy problem around a constant equilibrium state, existence of solution global in time has been established recently under a set of reasonable assumptions. In this paper, we obtain optimal [Formula: see text] decay rates for [Formula: see text]. Our result is general and applies to models such as Keller–Segel equations with logarithmic chemotactic sensitivity and logistic growth, and gas flows with translational and vibrational non-equilibrium. Our result also recovers or improves the existing results in literature on the special cases of hyperbolic–parabolic conservation laws and hyperbolic balance laws, respectively.
Capacitor-based Activity Sensing for Kinetic-powered Wearable IoTs
Authors: Lan Guohao , Ma Dong , Xu Weitao , Hassan Mahbub , Hu Wen
Published: March 2020

We propose the use of the conventional energy storage component, i.e., capacitor, in the kinetic-powered wearable IoTs as the sensor to detect human activities. Since activities accumulate energy in the capacitor at different rates, the charging rate of the capacitor can be used to detect the activities. The key advantage of the proposed capacitor-based activity sensing mechanism, called CapSense, is that it obviates the need for sampling the motion signal at a high rate, and thus, significantly reduces power consumption of the wearable device. The challenge we face is that capacitors are inherently non-linear energy accumulators, which leads to significant variations in the charging rates. We solve this problem by jointly configuring the parameters of the capacitor and the associated energy harvesting circuits, which allows us to operate in the charging cycles that are approximately linear. We design and implement a kinetic-powered shoe and conduct experiments with 10 subjects. Our results show that CapSense can classify five different daily activities with 95% accuracy while consuming 57% less system power compared to conventional motion-sensor-based approaches.
A Classification of Memory-Centric Computing
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Anh Du , Yu Jintao , Lebdeh Muath Abu , Taouil Mottaqiallah , Hamdioui Said , Catthoor Francky
Published: March 2020

Technological and architectural improvements have been constantly required to sustain the demand of faster and cheaper computers. However, CMOS down-scaling is suffering from three technology walls: leakage wall, reliability wall, and cost wall. On top of that, a performance increase due to architectural improvements is also gradually saturating due to three well-known architecture walls: memory wall, power wall, and instruction-level parallelism (ILP) wall. Hence, a lot of research is focusing on proposing and developing new technologies and architectures. In this article, we present a comprehensive classification of memory-centric computing architectures; it is based on three metrics: computation location, level of parallelism, and used memory technology. The classification not only provides an overview of existing architectures with their pros and cons but also unifies the terminology that uniquely identifies these architectures and highlights the potential future architectures that can be further explored. Hence, it sets up a direction for future research in the field.
CSMO-DSE
Authors: Wang Lei , Deng Yu , Gong Rui , Shi Wei , Luo Li , Wang Yongwen
Published: March 2020

Determining the optimal microarchitecture configuration of a processor at the early stages of design is undeniably a challenge. Due to many parameters at the microarchitecture level, finding the proper combination of these parameters to arrive at a balanced design is difficult. Application-specific Design Space Exploration (DSE) is even more difficult, since the property of application needs to be considered during the DSE process. Improving the speed and accuracy of the DSE process remains a particular challenge in microprocessor design.

In this article, we propose a novel processor DSE methodology based on criticality and sensitivity analysis, named Criticality and Sensitivity-based Multi-Objective DSE (CSMO-DSE). In our methodology, a dependence-graph is derived from the profile generated by running a program on an instrumented cycle-accurate microprocessor simulator. Then, the criticality of the processor’s performance events is obtained through critical path analysis. The sensitivity of microarchitecture parameters to various performance events is also analyzed. Then, this information is used to optimize performance, power/area, and energy efficiency of the design. Experiments with SPEC 2006 show that CSMO-DSE methodology is 4.73× faster than the baseline DSE methodology and that the quality of result (QoR) is better than the baseline methodology for all the benchmark programs.
Crossover-aware Placement and Routing for Inkjet Printed Circuits
Authors: Rasheed Farhan , Hefenbrock Michael , Bishnoi Rajendra , Beigl Michael , Aghassi-Hagmann Jasmin , Tahoori Mehdi B.
Published: March 2020

Printed Electronics technology is a key-enabler for smart sensors, soft robotics, and wearables. The inkjet printed electrolyte-gated field effect transistor (EGFET) technology is a promising candidate for such applications due to its low-power operation, high field-effect mobility, and on-demand fabrication. Unlike conventional silicon-based technologies, inkjet printed electronics technology is an additive manufacturing process where multiple layers are printed on top of each other to realize functional devices such as transistors and their interconnections. Due to the additive manufacturing process, the technology has limited routing layers. For routing of complex circuits, insulating crossovers are printed at the intersection of routing paths to isolate them. The crossover can alter the electrical properties of a circuit based on specific location on a routing path. In this work, we propose a crossover-aware placement and routing (COPnR) methodology for inkjet-printed circuits by integrating the crossover constraints in our design framework. Our proposed placement methodology is based on a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm while the routing optimization is done using a genetic algorithm. The proposed methodology is compared with the industrial standard placement and routing (PnR) tools. On average, the proposed methodology has 38% fewer crossovers and 94% fewer failing paths compared to the industrial PnR tools applied to printed circuit designs.
Comprehensive accessibility of equations by visually impaired
Authors: Bansal Akashdeep , Balakrishnan M. , Sorge Volker
Published: March 2020

Persons with visual impairments can access digital information through screen reading software. Still, accessing mathematical equations is challenging due to their non-linearity. We propose to improve the accessibility of equations by associating a cognitive complexity metric with each equation and then to use this metric to modify their audio rendering. For example, this will allow audio rendering of complex equations by substituting chunks with variables. This will potentially reduce the cognitive load in comprehending equations by persons with visual impairments. Further, this metric needs to be personalized on the basis of various user characteristics.
Interactive computational tools for assessing and understanding urban accessibility at scale
Authors: Saha Manaswi
Published: March 2020

My dissertation research explores assessing urban accessibility and building interactive tools that support decision making processes (e.g., to influence city policy). Using crowdsourcing, visualization, and data science techniques, I will develop a suite of tools that enables stakeholders to understand and communicate about urban accessibility, with a specific focus on sidewalk accessibility. These interactive tools would allow stakeholders to learn about city (in)accessibility, surface underlying causes behind the current state, and help present that information effectively for political advocacy.
Artificial intelligence fairness in the context of accessibility research on intelligent systems for people who are deaf or hard of hearing
Authors: Kafle Sushant , Glasser Abraham , Al-khazraji Sedeeq , Berke Larwan , Seita Matthew , Huenerfauth Matt
Published: March 2020

We discuss issues of Artificial Intelligence (AI) fairness for people with disabilities, with examples drawn from our research on HCI for AI-based systems for people who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH). In particular, we discuss the need for inclusion of data from people with disabilities in training sets, the lack of interpretability of AI systems, ethical responsibilities of access technology researchers and companies, the need for appropriate evaluation metrics for AI-based access technologies (to determine if they are ready to be deployed and if they can be trusted by users), and the ways in which AI systems influence human behavior and influence the set of abilities needed by users to successfully interact with computing systems.
Designing accessible, explainable AI (XAI) experiences
Authors: Wolf Christine T. , Ringland Kathryn E.
Published: March 2020

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has taken off in recent years, a field that develops techniques to render complex AI and machine learning (ML) models comprehensible to humans. Despite the growth of XAI techniques, we know little about the challenges of leveraging such explainability capabilities in situated settings of use. In this article, we discuss some particular issues around the intersection between accessibility and XAI. We outline two primary concerns: one, accessibility at the interface; and two, tailoring explanations to individuals' diverse and changing explainability needs. We illustrate these issues by discussing two application areas for AI/Ml systems (aging-in-place and mental health support) and discuss how issues arise at the nexus between explainability and accessibility.
Review—Towards Efficient Energy Storage Materials: Lithium Intercalation/Organic Electrodes to Polymer Electrolytes—A Road Map (Tribute to Michel Armand)
Authors: Shanmukaraj Devaraj , Ranque Pierre , Ben Youcef Hicham , Rojo Teofilo , Poizot Philippe , Grugeon Sylvie , Laruelle Stephane , Guyomard Dominique
Published: March 2020

Green energy harvesting (solar and wind) and storage along with electrification of transport sector could bring about a major transformation in the CO2 emission levels that we are currently experiencing. Lithium ion batteries provide an efficient energy storage system to realize this goal. The key developments in Li-ion battery technology starting from solid solution electrodes, intercalation electrodes, conversion electrodes, organic electrodes, and polymer electrolytes with a major focus on the contribution of Michel Armand, an eminent scientist who at a young age saw the future of energy storage, have been elaborated. Moreover, the direction of research that seems interesting to pursue for realizing our goals has also been outlined.
Initial Presentation of Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis with Ocular Lesions
Authors: Quinlan Edward J. , Gill Veenu
Published: March 2020

Ocular involvement with disseminated coccidiodal infection is rare. Even rarer is a patient presenting with symptomatic chorioretinitis first, followed weeks later by systemic symptoms of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. This highlights the need for physicians to have a heightened suspicion for testing for valley fever in patients living in endemic regions who present with ocular inflammation so that rapid and timely initiation of antifungal therapy may prevent loss of vision.