bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dr.Emb Appyter: A web platform for drug discovery using embedding vectors
Authors: Kim Songhyeon , Bong Hyunsu , Jeon Minji
Published: July 2024

Using embedding methods, compounds with similar properties will be closely located in latent space, and these embedding vectors can be used to find other compounds with similar properties based on the distance between compounds. However, they often require computational resources and programming skills. Here we develop Dr.Emb Appyter, a user‐friendly web‐based chemical compound search platform for drug discovery without any technical barriers. It uses embedding vectors to identify compounds similar to a given query in the embedding space. Dr.Emb Appyter provides various types of embedding methods, such as fingerprinting, SMILES, and transcriptional response‐based methods, and embeds numerous compounds using them. The Faiss‐based search system efficiently finds the closest compounds of query in the library. Additionally, Dr.Emb Appyter offers information on the top compounds; visualizes the results with 3D scatter plots, heatmaps, and UpSet plots; and analyses the results using a drug‐set enrichment analysis. Dr.Emb Appyter is freely available at https://dremb.korea.ac.kr.
Shifting the focus? From individual to collective‐level effects of cash transfers: A systematic review of the impacts on social capital
Authors: Grisolia Filippo , Dewachter Sara , Holvoet Nathalie
Published: July 2024

Contrary to the individual and household levels, analysis on the collective‐level effects of cash transfers (CTs) is largely lacking. To fill such gap, this paper conducted a systematic review of the evidence around CT impacts on social capital. Available studies suggest that CTs can stimulate bonding social capital (social participation, membership of organizations), while often generate issues like rising inter‐group tensions and social exclusion (bridging social capital). Overall, however, the existing evidence is scarce. The article invites CT‐implementing agencies to design interventions in accordance with the envisaged impacts—not only at the individual but also at the collective level.
Coconut: Expanding avenues in processing and an exposition on non‐conventional value‐added products
Authors: Kumar Sarangapany Ashwin , Negi Aditi , Santhoshkumar Paramasivam , Moses Jeyan Arthur , Sinija Vadakkepulppara Ramachandran Nair
Published: July 2024

Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) is a treasured tree of the tropics, with every part put to use. The edible portions are loaded with diverse nutrients and nutraceutical ingredients. While the unique mineral profile of the liquid endosperm, the low‐glycemic inflorescence sap (neera) and the medium‐chain triglyceride fraction of coconut oil are better recognized, other fractions such as the haustorium remain underexplored. Overall, it is evident that, globally, the present status of coconut value addition is conventional, limited to a handful of products, and novel products hold a promising scope. A massive fraction of global coconut production goes for culinary and religious purposes. In the article, value‐added products from coconut are classified into conventional and non‐conventional products, with the latter in focus. Based on the part from which it is collected, all products have been categorized as haustorium‐based, inflorescence‐based, kernel‐based and water‐based products. For each non‐conventional product introduced, its production approach and unique application range are highlighted. Given its health‐promoting capabilities, characteristic sensorial attributes, wide application range and technological advancements, coconuts are increasingly being recognized around the world, even in regions that do not cultivate them; this applies to non‐food products as well. In the context of value‐added products from coconuts, this decade has witnessed a surge in research and commercial interest considering the inclusion of coconut as an ingredient in several food and nutraceutical products. The future will certainly consider regulatory protocols and standards, better documentation of the health impact of coconut‐based diets, and the sustainability of coconut production, processing and consumption. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Myasthenia gravis Lambert–Eaton overlap syndrome: Recommended modification for the diagnostic criteria
Authors: Oh Shin J.
Published: July 2024

In 2016, MLOS (myasthenia gravis Lambert–Eaton overlap syndrome) was coined to represent an entity of overlap syndrome of myasthenia gravis and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Fifty‐five MLOS patients have been identified. Modification of the diagnostic criteria for MG by adding MuSK positive antibody testing is recommended. Two MuSK positive MLOS patients were identified by the new diagnostic criteria.
Outdoor adventure education as a platform for developing environmental leadership
Authors: Hutson Garrett , Baird Julia , Ives Christopher D. , Dale Gillian , Holzer Jennifer M. , Plummer Ryan
Published: July 2024

Notwithstanding actions taken to date through policy, programmes and practices, the planet remains on an unsustainable pathway. System level and individual actions are needed to address the challenges that confront us. Finding approaches to encourage individual pro‐environmental behaviours are important for shifting an individual's actions, and these changes can have systemic implications. Outdoor adventure education programmes represent an ideal context to research the development of pro‐environmental behaviours. For outdoor adventure education to effect both individual and system‐level change, it is necessary for participants to connect learning from programmes to wider contexts where they can leverage influence. One of the prominent transferable outcomes of outdoor adventure education is the ability to serve in a leadership role.

This article addresses the following primary research question: What aspects of outdoor adventure education programmes promote pro‐environmental behaviour intentions among participants? It explores this by examining various learning mechanisms and design features of NOLS, a global expeditionary outdoor adventure education programme formerly known as the National Outdoor Leadership School. Data were collected and analysed from 202 NOLS programme participants from around the world through open‐ended responses completed as part of a questionnaire at the end of the programme.

Results showed that the most prominent aspects of the outdoor adventure education programme that helped to promote pro‐environmental behaviour intentions were the building of conservation and environmental issue awareness, the practice of minimum impact techniques, and engagement in waste and food management. These programme aspects were produced through the learning mechanism domains of structure‐oriented learning, instructor‐oriented learning, environment‐oriented learning, instructor‐and‐student oriented learning and independent student‐oriented learning to varying degrees.

Our results illuminate design features of outdoor adventure education that have potential to generate and support environmental commitment and show how pro‐environmental learning is mediated through broad exposure to an array of activities and learning mechanism domains. In combination with the leadership development components, our results suggest that outdoor adventure education programmes show promise for developing and supporting environmental commitment in individuals necessary for solving global environmental crises now and in the future.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Conservative management of gynecomastia in Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Skafida Myrto , Duvall Melani M , Zelley Kristin , Baldino Sarah E. , Brodeur Garrett M , Kolon Thomas , Mostoufi‐Moab Sogol , MacFarland Suzanne P.
Published: July 2024

Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a childhood‐onset cancer predisposition syndrome that is associated with oral freckling and gastrointestinal polyposis. Male patients with PJS are at risk for large‐cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors in childhood. These tumors are estrogen‐producing and can cause symptoms of precocious puberty, gynecomastia, and growth acceleration. Here we discuss our experience with spontaneous resolution or stabilization of breast enlargement without medical intervention in three patients with PJS and gynecomastia. These cases indicate that a watchful waiting approach can be considered in the management of gynecomastia in male children with PJS.
Digital identification of Aucklandiae radix, Vladimiriae radix, and Inulae radix based on multivariate algorithms and UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS analysis
Authors: Wang Xian rui , Zhang Jia ting , Guo Xiao han , Li Ming hua , Jing Wen guang , Cheng Xian long , Wei Feng
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The identification of Aucklandiae Radix (AR), Vladimiriae Radix (VR), and Inulae Radix (IR) based on traits and microscopic features is susceptible to the state of samples and the subjective awareness of personnel, and the identification based on a few or single chemical compositions is a cumbersome and time‐consuming procedure and fails to rationally and effectively utilize the information of unknown components and is not specificity enough.

Objectives

This study aimed to improve the identification efficiency, strengthen supervision, and realize digital identification of three Chinese medicines. Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS) combined with multivariate algorithms was used to explore the digital identification of AR, VR, and IR.

Materials and methods

UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS was used to analyze AR, VR, and IR. The MS data combined with multivariate algorithms such as partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS‐DA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) was used to filter important variables and data modeling. Finally, the optimal model was selected for the digital identification of three herbs.

Results

The results showed that three herbs can be distinguished on the whole level, and through feature screening, 591 characteristic variables combined with multivariate algorithms to construct data models. The ANN model was the best with accuracy = 0.983, precision = 0.984, and external verification showed the reliability and practicability of ANN model.

Conclusion

ANN model combined with MS data is of great significance for tdigital identification of AR, VR, and IR. It is an important reference for developing the digital identification of traditional Chinese medicines at the individual level based on UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS and multivariate algorithms.
Integrating pyriproxyfen into the incompatible insect technique enhances mosquito population suppression efficiency and eliminates the risk of population replacement
Authors: Li Yongjun , Peng Jiameng , Li Haiying , Zhang Ruiqi , Chen Jiexia , Hou Xiuying , Yang Guang
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The incompatible insect technique (IIT) has been used for Aedes mosquito population suppression to curb the transmission of dengue. However, its wide application is limited owing to the low output of male mosquitoes and the risk of population replacement from the release of fertile Wolbachia‐infected females. This study aims to improve IIT efficiency for broader adoption.

RESULTS

We assessed the impact of 10% pyriproxyfen (PPF) sticky powder exposure on Wolbachia (from Culex molestus)‐transinfected Aedes albopictus Guangzhou line (GUA line) (GC) mosquitoes. We found that the exposure caused chronic toxicity in adult mosquitoes without affecting the cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI)‐inducing capability of males. The PPF‐contaminated GC females exhibited significant sterilization and the ability to disseminate lethal doses of PPF to breeding sites. Subsequently, we conducted a field trial combining PPF with IIT aiming to suppress the Ae. albopictus population. This combined approach, termed boosted IIT (BIIT), showed a notable enhancement in population suppression efficiency. The improved efficacy of BIIT was attributed to the dispersion of PPF particles in the field via the released PPF‐contaminated male mosquitoes. During the BIIT field trial, no Wolbachia wPip‐positive Ae. albopictus larvae were detected, indicating the effective elimination of the risk of Wolbachia‐induced population replacement. Additionally, the field trial of BIIT against Ae. albopictus resulted in the suppression of the nontarget mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus.

CONCLUSION

Our results highlight the remarkable efficiency and feasibility of combining IIT with PPF in suppressing mosquito populations, facilitating the widespread implementation of IIT‐based management of mosquito‐borne diseases. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Diving into the wicked discourse of lead ammunition for big game hunting
Authors: Eleftheriou Andreas , Schuler Krysten
Published: July 2024

As evidence regarding the toxicity of lead (Pb) amassed, the heavy metal became banned from several products, such as automotive gasoline and paint. However, Pb bullets are still used for hunting big game animals in most of the world. Although regulatory bans of Pb bullets may appear optimal solutions, stakeholders have reasons to oppose them, favor them, or lie somewhere in between. As the problem has transformed from biophysical to socioecological, we employed a wicked problem lens to dissect the discourse and help inspire targeted solutions. Herein, we identified and critically analyzed 4 relevant traits of a wicked problem: multiple stakeholders are involved, disagreement on a definition, unique nature, and being a symptom of a larger problem. To minimize the impact of these traits, our analysis suggests that voluntary Pb free ammunition programs are more likely to soothe conflict among stakeholders, enable collaborative action upon agreeing on common values, and promote programs tailored to the local landscape of sociopolitical power and values.
Swiss Cooperative Law: Driver or Obstacle to Cooperative Growth?
Authors: Fabrizio Nadja
Published: July 2024

Today’s cooperative law is still characterized by the typical self-help cooperative. The most distinctive feature compared to other forms of companies is the purpose of the cooperative, which also determines other characteristic features, such as financing. Well-known, large companies have developed in Switzerland on the basis of cooperative law. However, there are hardly any new companies founded in the legal form of a cooperative today. This chapter examines the question of whether cooperative law is designed in such a way that it tends to promote or inhibit cooperative growth. It concludes that—on the one hand—today's cooperative law offers potential for (slowly, but rather sustainable) specifically cooperative growth: in terms of members, assets, market shares and profit. On the other hand, with a view to areas that are classically considered essential for growth (especially purpose and financing), Swiss cooperative law is more of an obstacle. Concrete proposals on how cooperative law could be made more growth-friendly are critically examined. The chapter concludes that the challenge here is to remove obstacles to growth without sacrificing essential characteristics of the cooperative, for this could eventually lead to the cooperative's raison d'être as a separate legal form being called into question.
Safe and Reliable AI for Autonomous Systems
Authors: Plinge Axel , Kontes Georgios , Rietsch Sebastian , Mutschler Christopher
Published: July 2024

A big challenge in implementing autonomous systems using reinforcement learning in a way to be used in the real world is to make them dependable, i.e., explainable and reliable. Automated and autonomous driving poses one of the biggest challenges to the development of artificial intelligence (AI), as it is technically demanding to solve the tasks involved in order to make a car act autonomously in real-world situations. However, unless autonomous systems become truly safe and dependable, they cannot be deployed in a real-world setup. Operating autonomous vehicles not only efficiently but also safely and reliably is even more challenging. This chapter explains several unique and innovative methods to illustrate dependable reinforcement learning in autonomous vehicles.
Optimization of Underground Train Systems
Authors: Hager Lukas , Kuen Tobias
Published: July 2024

This chapter presents two approaches for enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of underground train systems. The first approach focuses on the optimization of DC railway power systems, employing a novel Mixed-Integer Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Program (MIQCQP) to control substation feed-in voltages effectively. By minimizing energy losses, this optimization approach demonstrates substantial potential for cost and emission reduction, contributing to a more energy-efficient underground train network. Validation results confirm the accuracy of the proposed model, and realistic instances reveal significant energy savings. The second approach deals with energy-efficient timetabling, a critical aspect in reducing the environmental impact of railway operations. The presented approach seeks to minimize energy consumption through the implementation of two key strategies: promoting energy-efficient driving patterns and optimizing recuperated energy from braking. Leveraging operational data, including power consumption profiles and travel time distributions, the optimization methods demonstrate remarkable potential in reducing energy consumption, subsequently leading to lower electricity costs and environmental benefits. This chapter is largely based on previous work of Hager and Koop on optimization of DC railway power systems and of Bärmann et al. [1] on energy-efficient timetabling.
Coherence in Initial Class Teacher Education in Croatia – Student Teachers’ Perspective
Authors: Domović Vlatka , Knežević Željka , Cvikić Lidija
Published: July 2024

Since 2005/2006, class teachers in Croatia have been educated in five-year integrated university study programmes (300 ECTS, MA level). The rationale behind this was the growing complexity of the class teacher's role. A more coherent curriculum was aimed for in order to avoid fragmentation between subject-matter content knowledge, pedagogical-content knowledge, and general pedagogical knowledge. Considering that the perspectives of students and of experts developing the programme can differ significantly, this paper analyses the student teacher perspective on the coherence of different parts of the study programme. The participants (N = 75) were students in their final semester of the programme for class teachers at the University of Zagreb. The questionnaire used in the research was previously developed within the Erasmus+ project ConnecTEd. From the observed components of coherence, students perceived the connections between content taught within particular courses as highest, and teacher educators’ knowledge of the programme contents in its entirety as lowest. Further, students did not recognise university-based courses and school-based teaching practice as being sufficiently coherent. The results indicate the need for improvement of the existing programme, starting with the inclusion of all stakeholders in the development of a common vision on learning, teaching, and aims of teacher education.
Study on Seismic Response Mechanism of Continuous Rigid Frame Composite Girder Bridge of High-Speed Rail
Authors: Liang Gangyi , Liu Zunwen , Li Xingjing , Song Hong
Published: July 2024

In order to explore the earthquake response mechanism of continuous rigid frame composite girder bridge of high-speed railway, based on a rigid frame bridge of high-speed railway in northwest China and combined with the characteristics of CRTS type I double block non-ballast track structure, three continuous rigid frame composite girder bridge models were established, which considered the constraints of track and subsequent structure, only considering the constraints of track and no considering the constraints of track. The seismic response of structural systems is studied by using response spectrum method. The results show that the track constraint effect reduces the natural vibration period of the structure, and the subsequent structure has a inhibition effect on the seismic response of the track system, which is 4.18%. At the top beam joint of the transition pier, the change of pier height has a significant effect on the seismic response of the track. With the increase of pier height, the maximum rail stress of model 1 and model 2 increases by 50% and 65%, respectively. Under the constraint of track, when the height of rigid frame pier is 28% different from that of simple beam pier, the seismic internal forces of the two piers are equal. When the height of rigid frame pier is greater than 28%, the transition pier is the main energy-consuming rod, and when the height of rigid frame pier is less than 28%, the rigid frame pier is the main energy-consuming rod. Therefore, for bridge types with different pier heights, corresponding design reinforcement measures should be taken at the bottom of the transition pier and rigid frame pier respectively.
Solid Analysis of Torsional Effects on Small Radius Steel Plate Composite Beams Based on ABAQUS
Authors: Liu Xin , Tang Guoxi
Published: July 2024

In recent years, steel-mixed composite structures have been widely adopted in China, especially in projects such as urban overpasses and viaducts where steel plate composite girder bridges are widely used. However, the research on small radius steel plate composite curved girder bridges is relatively limited, and the theory of structural stress characteristics and computational analysis is lagging behind. It is found that the radius of curvature has a small effect on the torsional stress of the bridge top plate, but the torsional stress of the steel main girder is higher; the torsional stress of the steel main girder rises with the increase of the computed span diameter, and the concrete slab has a smaller effect; the number of steel girders has a small effect on the torsional stress of the bridge top plate but a significant effect on the steel main girder torsional stress. The results of the study can provide a reliable reference for future projects.
Research on the Accuracy of Lateral Force Coefficient of Pavement Anti-skid
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Da , Jiang Jile , Liu Lu
Published: July 2024

In order to improve the accuracy of road surface anti slip detection, the six component force testing method is applied to optimize the measurement method of the single wheel lateral force coefficient tester used for road surface anti slip detection, and to eliminate the interference of static factor uncertainty, the comparison of experimental data has proven the rationality and feasibility of the method, providing a basis for further improving the accuracy of pavement anti slip detection.
Analysis of Parking Lots Site Selection for the 2024 Chengdu World Horticultural Exposition
Authors: Zhan Guangjun , Liu Qin
Published: July 2024

2024 Chengdu World Horticultural Exposition will hold from April 26th to October 28th, lasting for 184 days, estimated tourist volume reaching 5.5 million. It predicts that average daily tourists of weekdays will be approximately 29,000 and on the peak days will be expected to 97,000. The aim of this study is to plan and lay out the parking lots of the 2024 Chengdu World Horticultural Exposition in advance, in order to promote the construction of parking lot infrastructure. By analyzing the proportion of travel modes, parking lot demand, and land use around the Expo Park, a total of 7 parking lots, including a total of 8457 private parking spaces and 570 tourist/dedicated buses, are planned and arranged to meet the rigid parking demand on weekdays and weekends. The surrounding buildings and the surrounding roads would be reasonably used to set about 7500 flexible parking spaces to meet the parking demand during extreme peak days. The results of this study will provide useful information for the traffic organization in the later stage of the 2024 Chengdu World Horticultural Exposition and will greatly facilitate the smooth development of traffic organization in the later stage.
Thermal Analysis Simulation of High-Speed Train Brake Disc Based on Fluid-Solid-Thermal Coupling
Authors: Zheng Shize , Zuo Jianyong
Published: July 2024

With the improvement of the high-speed trains, brake discs are facing a series of dangers caused by temperature. This article uses fluid-solid-thermal coupling simulation to simulate the changes in the thermal temperature of the brake disc itself under high-speed braking conditions, and studies the changes in the temperature of the surrounding environment. The surface temperature of the brake disc is mainly affected by heat conduction and heat convection. Under emergency braking conditions with an initial speed of 400 km/h, the temperature of the brake disc reaches a maximum of 829.93 ℃.
Research and Application of Dam Safety Monitoring Information Management System Based on GIS Platform
Authors: Li Yanan , Zhang Han , Yang Zhiyong , Cao Yuxin , Su Yongqi
Published: July 2024

Hydropower stations, as a green energy source, have grown rapidly in China, and dam safety is critical to ensuring power generation efficiency. There is currently no safety monitoring and management platform that combines dam structure, geology, hydrology and other data. To this end, a dam safety monitoring information management system is built based on a GIS platform, with ArcGIS Engine serving as the GIS class library and the NET Framework serving as the programming model for program implementation. The system connects the GIS spatial database to the monitoring database, combines spatial analysis and data mining technology, and realizes functions such as 3D visual structures display, spatial analysis and evaluation of monitoring data, providing a more scientific and intelligent method for dam safety management. After verification in actual projects, the system can reasonably assess dam safety using measured data and projects, as well as make decision support recommendations.
Research on Gyratory Compaction Characteristics of Low Void Modified Asphalt Concrete Materials
Authors: Chen Qiang , Xu Wei , Li Yongjian , Liang Jingxian , Du Zizhan , Zhang Runan , Liu Jinhai
Published: July 2024

The compaction characteristics of asphalt concrete materials have a decisive impact on the degree of field compaction. Therefore, the study of the compacting law of composite modified asphalt mixture has important guiding significance for the field construction of pavement. This study used a gyratory compactor (SGC) to analyze the compaction characteristics of composite modified asphalt concrete materials from the two dimensions of asphalt-aggregate ratio and gradation. The test added 10% PE modifier by mass of asphalt and 0.2% polymer fiber. The compaction characteristics of LA-10 (low-void asphalt concrete materials), SMA-10, and AC-10 gradations under asphalt-aggregate ratio of 7.5%, 8.0%, and 8.5% were studied and compared with the compaction situation of the commonly used EA-10 for steel bridge deck pavement. The results showed that with changes in the asphalt-aggregate ratio, the trend of the mixture voidage and compaction curve was consistent. The LA-10 mixture reached the target voidage range at an asphalt-aggregate ratio of 7.5%, with good workability, while the AC-10 and SMA-10 mixtures reached the target voidage range at an asphalt-aggregate ratio of 8.0%, and were easier to compact. The compaction density energy index was SMA-10 > AC-10 > LA-10 > EA-10, and the compaction ease of LA-10 was relatively close to that of epoxy asphalt mixture EA-10. According to the above compaction characteristics, LA-10 is suitable for the lower layer of pavement, and SMA-10 and AC-10 are suitable for the upper layer of pavement.
Schwartz correspondence for real motion groups in low dimensions
Authors: Astengo Francesca , Di Blasio Bianca , Ricci Fulvio
Published: July 2024

For a Gelfand pair (G, K) with G a Lie group of polynomial growth and K a compact subgroup, the Schwartz correspondence states that the spherical transform maps the bi-K-invariant Schwartz space $${{\mathcal {S}}}(K\backslash G/K)$$

S
(
K
\
G
/
K
)

isomorphically onto the space $${{\mathcal {S}}}(\Sigma _{{\mathcal {D}}})$$

S
(

Σ
D

)

, where $$\Sigma _{{\mathcal {D}}}$$

Σ
D

is an embedded copy of the Gelfand spectrum in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^\ell $$

R

ℓ

, canonically associated to a generating system $${{\mathcal {D}}}$$
D
of G-invariant differential operators on G/K, and $${{\mathcal {S}}}(\Sigma _{{\mathcal {D}}})$$

S
(

Σ
D

)

consists of restrictions to $$\Sigma _{{\mathcal {D}}}$$

Σ
D

of Schwartz functions on $${{\mathbb {R}}}^\ell $$

R

ℓ

. Schwartz correspondence is known to hold for a large variety of Gelfand pairs of polynomial growth. In this paper we prove that it holds for the strong Gelfand pair $$(M_n,SO_n)$$

(

M
n

,
S

O
n

)

with $$n=3,4$$

n
=
3
,
4

. The rather trivial case $$n=2$$

n
=
2

is included in previous work by the same authors.
Comprehensive analysis of artificial intelligence techniques for gynaecological cancer: symptoms identification, prognosis and prediction
Authors: Gandotra Sonam , Kumar Yogesh , Modi Nandini , Choi Jaeyoung , Shafi Jana , Ijaz Muhammad Fazal
Published: July 2024

Gynaecological cancers encompass a spectrum of malignancies affecting the female reproductive system, comprising the cervix, uterus, ovaries, vulva, vagina, and fallopian tubes. The significant health threat posed by these cancers worldwide highlight the crucial need for techniques for early detection and prediction of gynaecological cancers. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines are used to select the articles published from 2013 up to 2023 on the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Excerpta Medical Database, and encompass AI technique for the early detection and prediction of gynaecological cancers. Based on the study of different articles on gynaecological cancer, the results are also compared using various quality parameters such as prediction rate, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, the area under curve precision, recall, and F1-score. This work highlights the impact of gynaecological cancer on women belonging to different age groups and regions of the world. A detailed categorization of the traditional techniques like physical-radiological, bio-physical and bio-chemical used to detect gynaecological cancer by health organizations is also presented in the study. Besides, this work also explores the methodology used by different researchers in which AI plays a crucial role in identifying cancer symptoms at earlier stages. The paper also investigates the pivotal study years, highlighting the periods when the highest number of research articles on gynaecological cancer are published. The challenges faced by researchers while performing AI-based research on gynaecological cancers are also highlighted in this work. The features and representations such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), ultrasound, pap smear, pathological, etc., which proficient the AI algorithms in early detection of gynaecological cancer are also explored. This comprehensive review contributes to the understanding of the role of AI in improving the detection and prognosis of gynaecological cancers, and provides insights for future research directions and clinical applications. AI has the potential to substantially reduce mortality rates linked to gynaecological cancer in the future by enabling earlier identification, individualised risk assessment, and improved treatment techniques. This would ultimately improve patient outcomes and raise the standard of healthcare for all individuals.
Population-based detection of children ASD/ADHD comorbidity from atypical sensory processing
Authors: Fernández-Delgado Manuel , Cruz Sara , Cernadas Eva , Alateyat Heba , Tubío-Fungueiriño María , Sampaio Adriana , Carracedo Angel , Fernández-Prieto Montse
Published: July 2024

Comorbidity between neurodevelopmental disorders is common, especially between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to detect overlapped sensory processing alterations in a sample of children and adolescents diagnosed with both ASD and ADHD. A collection of 42 standard and 8 proposed machine learning classifiers, 22 feature selection methods and 19 unbalanced classification strategies were applied on the 6 standard question groups of the Sensory Profile-2 questionnaire. The relatively low performance achieved by state-of-the-art classifiers led us to propose the feature population sum classifier, a probabilistic method based on class and feature value populations, designed for datasets where features are discrete numeric answers to questions in a questionnaire. The proposed method achieves the best kappa and accuracy, 60% and 82.5%, respectively, reaching 68% and 86.5% combined with backward sequential feature selection, with false positive and negative rates below 15%. Since the SP2 questionnaire can be filled by parents for children from three years, our prediction can alert the clinicians with an early diagnosis in order to apply early interventions.
Long-term warming in a temperate forest accelerates soil organic matter decomposition despite increased plant-derived inputs
Authors: San Román Atzín X. , Srikanthan Nivetha , Hamid Andreia A. , Muratore Thomas J. , Knorr Melissa A. , Frey Serita D. , Simpson Myrna J.
Published: July 2024

Climate change may alter soil microbial communities and soil organic matter (SOM) composition. Soil carbon (C) cycling takes place over multiple time scales; therefore, long-term studies are essential to better understand the factors influencing C storage and help predict responses to climate change. To investigate this further, soils that were heated by 5 °C above ambient soil temperatures for 18 years were collected from the Barre Woods Soil Warming Study at the Harvard Forest Long-term Ecological Research site. This site consists of large 30 × 30 m plots (control or heated) where entire root systems are exposed to sustained warming conditions. Measurements included soil C and nitrogen concentrations, microbial biomass, and SOM chemistry using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These complementary techniques provide a holistic overview of all SOM components and a comprehensive understanding of SOM composition at the molecular-level. Our results showed that soil C concentrations were not significantly altered with warming; however, various molecular-level alterations to SOM chemistry were observed. We found evidence for both enhanced SOM decomposition and increased above-ground plant inputs with long-term warming. We also noted shifts in microbial community composition while microbial biomass remained largely unchanged. These findings suggest that prolonged warming induced increased availability of preferred substrates, leading to shifts in the microbial community and SOM biogeochemistry. The observed increase in gram-positive bacteria indicated changes in substrate availability as gram-positive bacteria are often associated with the decomposition of complex organic matter, while gram-negative bacteria preferentially break down simpler organic compounds altering SOM composition over time. Our results also highlight that additional plant inputs do not effectively offset chronic warming-induced SOM decomposition in temperate forests.
The classifications of o-monomials and of 2-to-1 binomials are equivalent
Authors: Kölsch Lukas , Kyureghyan Gohar
Published: July 2024

We observe that on the binary finite fields the classification of 2-to-1 binomials is equivalent to the classification of o-monomials, which is a well-studied and elusive problem in finite geometry. This connection implies a complete classification of 2-to-1 binomials $$b=x^d+ux^e$$

b
=

x
d

+
u

x
e

for a large set of values of (d, e). Further, we show that a number of the known infinite families of 2-to-1 maps can be traced back to o-polynomials or to difference maps of APN maps. We also provide some connections between 2-to-1 maps and hyperovals in non-desarguesian planes.
Evaluation of PWV products derived from satellite-based and radiosonde retrievals for the eastern anatolia observatory (DAG)
Authors: Balbay Recep , Kaba Kazım , Fişek Süleyman , Yeşilyaprak Cahit
Published: July 2024

In this study, we have presented the results of the precipitable water vapor (PWV) for the Eastern Anatolia Observatory (in Turkish: Doğu Anadolu Gözlemevi, the acronym is DAG) site in Erzurum, Türkiye. The DAG has Türkiye’s largest and the first near infrared (NIR) telescope with a mirror diameter of 4 meters at the altitude of 3170 m. The DAG telescope is going to take the first light in the end of summer 2024. This study is focused on the examining of the precipitable water vapor data for the NIR observations at the DAG. In this context, the NWC SAF Total Precipitable Water (TPW) data obtained by both the satellite based and the radiosonde balloon validated with six radiosonde stations were examined by temporal, vertical and horizontal analyses for the DAG site between June 2019 to December 2020. The results obtained from these analyzes indicate that the mean and median TPW values at the DAG site were approximately 7 mm and the minimum and maximum values were 0.59 mm and 24.12 mm, respectively. The monthly median TPW values at the DAG site varied between approximately 3-10 mm, with a decreasing trend from June to January and an increase in the first seven months of 2020. These results also indicate that the TPW data obtained by its 15 minutes temporal resolution, aligns closely with the radiosonde measurements. Furthermore, the values of PWV at both lower and upper levels of the atmosphere are minimal while the values increase slightly in the middle layer of the atmosphere. As a result, the effective monitoring of the PWV in a site would result in the generation of higher quality astronomical IR observations and be important in terms of the optimum operating cost for an observatory.
Identification of key genes involved in collagen hydrogel-induced chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through transcriptome analysis: the role of m6A modification
Authors: Chen Chaotao , Xiong Kai , Li Kanglu , Zhou Bo , Cheng Jianwen , Zhu Bo , Zheng Li , Zhao Jinmin
Published: July 2024

Collagen hydrogel has been shown promise as an inducer for chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), contributing to the repair of cartilage defects. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains poorly elucidated. Here, we induced chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs using collagen hydrogel and identified 4451 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through transcriptomic sequencing. Our analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched in the focal adhesion pathway, with a notable decrease in expression levels in the collagen hydrogel group compared to the control group. Protein-protein interaction network analysis suggested that actinin alpha 1 (ACTN1) and actinin alpha 4 (ACTN4), two proteins also involved in cytoskeletal recombination, may be crucial in collagen hydrogel-induced chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Additionally, we found that N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation (m6A) modification was involved in collagen hydrogel-mediated chondrogenic differentiation, with fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) implicated in regulating the expression of ACTN1 and ACTN4. These findings suggest that collagen hydrogel might regulate focal adhesion and actin cytoskeletal signaling pathways through down-regulation of ACTN1 and ACTN4 mRNA via FTO-mediated m6A modification, ultimately driving chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of collagen hydrogel-induced chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, which may aid in developing more effective strategies for cartilage regeneration.

Graphical Abstract
Adverse effects of sterilization processes on the fundamental topographic properties of modified dental implant surfaces
Authors: Kunrath Marcel F. , Hubler Roberto , Dahlin Christer
Published: July 2024

The employ of sterilization processes are essential to investigate biomaterials aiming for experimental, preclinical, or clinical applications with biological tissues. However, responsive surface properties of biomaterials may be susceptible to sterilization processes, compromising important physio-chemical characteristics. For that reason, this in vitro study aimed to investigate the effects of three different processes for sterilization (humid heat under pressure, UVC-light exposure, and Gamma irradiation) on the major topographical properties of implant surfaces applied to dental bone-anchored implants and/or implant-abutments. Three groups of implant surfaces were developed: a smooth machined surface, a micro-texturized surface, and a hydrophilic micro-texturized surface. The implants were sterilized with three methodologies and characterized regarding surface morphology, elemental surface composition, roughness parameters, wettability characteristics, and compared to the samples as-developed. Surface morphology and roughness parameters were not modified by any of the sterilization processes applied. On the other hand, hydrophilic implants were negatively affected by autoclaving. After package opening, hydrophilic features showed to be sensible to atmospheric air exposition independently of the sterilization process performed. Our findings revealed significant chemical changes on the implant surfaces caused by autoclaving and UVC exposure; additionally, the results showed the importance of selecting an appropriate sterilization method when investigating hydrophilic implants so as not to generate imprecise outcomes.

Graphical Abstract
Divide-and-conquer-based approach for the reaction uniqueness analysis in overconstrained multibody systems
Authors: Pękal Marcin , Malczyk Paweł , Wojtyra Marek , Frączek Janusz
Published: July 2024

For rigid multibody systems with redundant constraints, mathematical modeling and physical interpretation of the obtained results are impeded due to the nonuniqueness of the calculated reactions, which—in the case of load-dependent joint friction—may additionally lead to unrealistic simulated motion. It makes the uniqueness analysis crucial for assessing the fidelity of the results. The developed methods so far for the uniqueness examination—based on the modified mobility equation, the constraint matrix, or the free-body diagram—are not well suited for multibody systems described by relative coordinates. The novel method discussed in this paper breaks this limitation. The proposed approach is based on the divide-and-conquer algorithm (DCA)—a low-order recursive method for dynamic simulations of complex multibody systems. The devised method may be used for checking the joint-reaction uniqueness of holonomic systems with ideal constraints that fulfill some additional assumptions. The reaction-uniqueness analysis is performed when the main pass of the DCA is completed. An eight-step algorithm is proposed. In the case of the single-joint connections, it is sufficient to study the appropriate equations of motion. However, if the multijoint connection is present, then one of the numerical methods—known from the constraint-matrix-based or the free-body-diagram-based approach—has to be used, namely the rank-comparison, QR-decomposition, SVD, or nullspace methods; all of these approaches are discussed. To illustrate the devised method, a spatial parallelogram mechanism with a triple pendulum is analyzed.
Monotone-Cevian and Finitely Separable Lattices
Authors: Ploščica Miroslav , Wehrung Friedrich
Published: July 2024

A distributive lattice with zero is completely normal if its prime ideals form a root system under set inclusion. Every such lattice admits a binary operation $$(x,y)\mapsto x\mathbin {\smallsetminus }y$$

(
x
,
y
)
↦
x
\
y

satisfying the rules $$x\le y\vee (x\mathbin {\smallsetminus }y)$$

x
≤
y
∨
(
x
\
y
)

and $$(x\mathbin {\smallsetminus }y)\wedge (y\mathbin {\smallsetminus }x)=0$$

(
x
\
y
)
∧
(
y
\
x
)
=
0

— in short a deviation. In this paper we study the following additional properties of deviations: monotone (i.e., isotone in x and antitone in y) and Cevian (i.e., $$x\mathbin {\smallsetminus }z\le (x\mathbin {\smallsetminus }y)\vee (y\mathbin {\smallsetminus }z)$$

x
\
z
≤
(
x
\
y
)
∨
(
y
\
z
)

). We relate those matters to finite separability as defined by Freese and Nation. We prove that every finitely separable completely normal lattice has a monotone deviation. We pay special attention to lattices of principal $$\ell $$
ℓ
-ideals of Abelian $$\ell $$
ℓ
-groups (which are always completely normal). We prove that for free Abelian $$\ell $$
ℓ
-groups (and also free $$\Bbbk $$
k
-vector lattices) those lattices admit monotone Cevian deviations. On the other hand, we construct an Archimedean $$\ell $$
ℓ
-group with strong unit, of cardinality $$\aleph _1$$

ℵ
1

, whose principal $$\ell $$
ℓ
-ideal lattice does not have a monotone deviation.
Electric vehicle adoption intentions among UK residents parking in shared and public spaces
Authors: Budnitz Hannah , Meelen Toon , Schwanen Tim
Published: July 2024

A lack of charging opportunities is cited as one of the main barriers to the adoption of plug-in battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Charging opportunities are even more limited for the millions of households across Europe without the space to charge a vehicle at home, but research has not previously targeted these households. This study aims to fill this gap by assessing whether and how such residential parking constraints shape norms, attitudes and perceived behavioural control over charging, and thus intentions to adopt a BEV. Data from a nationally representative survey of car drivers in the UK without a private driveway or garage captures the perspective of these individuals who have different characteristics from early adopters of BEVs. The results show that personal norms around the environmental benefits of BEVs and positive attitudes towards BEV technology have the greatest influence on intentions to adopt, whilst social norms and perceived behavioural control over charging are less influential. The results also show that high income men are most likely to hold positive social norms that boost their intentions to adopt BEVs, whilst geographical context affects both social norms and perceived behavioural control over charging. In summary, the psychological approach applied shows that a more inclusive transition to BEVs is best supported by policies that first focus on emphasising their environmental benefits and that they are fun and economical to drive, and then look to increase social expectations and awareness of BEVs and charging infrastructure.