bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Madzhabu Ar-Rumantikiyyah Fiil Adab Al-Arabi Al-Hadist ma’a al-Istimror wa At-Taghyir
Authors: Yasin Agus , Lathiifah Annisa Fithri , Saputra Zamzam Dwi
Published: April 2023

PurposeThis study aims to explain the flow of romanticism along with the continuity and changes to con-temporary Arabic literature, and to be able to reveal dialogues about the flow of romanticism in modern Arabic literature, which is growing rapidly in the Arab world. Knowing the characteris-tics of Arabic literary Romanticism. Knowing the figures of Arabic Literary Romanticism. MethodThis study used a library research design and note-taking techniques. This research method uses aspects of library research with data sourcesof books and literacy related to romanticism in mod-ern Arabic literature: continuity and change. Results/FindingsThis study reveals the continuity and change as well as its influence on contemporary Arabic lit-erature, namely: 1) History of Arabic Literature in the modern era, 2) History of the Emergence of Western Romanticism in Arabic and its characteristics, 3) Development of Romanticism and its influence on Arabic Literature, 4) Figures of the Romanticism of Arabic Literature and their works. ConclusionRomanticism has had a major influence on Arabic literature, with the establishment of groups of Arabic literary, such as the Mahjar group, the Diwan school, the Apollo school and Usbah al-Asyrah. In addition, there is also a renewal of magazines and newspapers in the Arab world which call for renewal, and criticism of the previous flow (classicism).
Urban Size and Labor Market Premium: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Sari Msy Nourma Yunita , Yudhistira Muhammad Halley
Published: April 2023

The study of economic agglomeration is again a concern in the urban economic literature, especially in describing urban areas and better econometric approaches. This study improves the size of cities to become urban and suburban, reflecting the flow of commuting, using the 2010 and 2015 Landscan data to measure economic density better and reduce bias due to measurement errors. Empirically, using this density and using the 2SLS estimation technique with instrument variables in the form of earthquake risk and ruggedness measures, the result of a city twice as large can increase wages 61 percent. This result is higher than most other literature because the sample only covers urban areas. This study also shows that workers with characteristics such as higher education, the formal sector, the service sector, and white collar jobs get more enormous benefits in urban areas.JEL Classification: J24, J31, O18How to Cite:Sari, M. N. Y., & Yudhistira, M. H. (2023). Urban Size and Labor Market Premium: Evidence from Indonesia. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(1), 27-44. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i1.27999.
Unemployment in Indonesia: An Analysis of Economic Determinants from 2012-2021
Authors: Agustina Mei , Astuti Hartiningsih , Susilo Joko Hadi
Published: April 2023

The economic problem is one of the things that the Indonesian government must consider. One of them is unemployment because it impacts the socioeconomic conditions of society. This condition is necessary to suppress or reduce the unemployment rate. This research was conducted to determine the conditions and variables affecting Indonesia's unemployment rate. The data analysis used is an econometric model on dynamic panel data using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) developed by Arellano Bond. The study results show that the Human Development Index, inflation, minimum wages, and worker numbers significantly influence Indonesia's unemployment. In addition, the unemployment lag also has a significantly positive effect on unemployment. The findings of this study provide information on strategies for increasing the demand and supply of labor, wage regulation, search, match effectiveness in the labor market, and realistic short- and long-term policies. JEL Classification: C33, E24, J64 How to Cite:Agustina, M., Astuti, H., & Susilo, J. H. (2023). Unemployment in Indonesia: An Analysis of Economic Determinants from 2012-2021. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(1), 69-82. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i1.29247.
Determinant of Capital Efficiency and Its Impact on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence in East Java
Authors: Santoso Dwi Budi , Suman Agus
Published: April 2023

East Java is the engine of Indonesia’s economic growth. Nevertheless, this region is still faced with the performance of industrial development, which has yet to increase consistently, thereby worsening efficiency and economic growth. As a result, this paper aims to investigate the causes and consequences of capital efficiency in the context of East Java. This paper produces three results by employing the 3SLS simultaneous equation estimation method. First, this paper demonstrates that industrial development in East Java improves efficiency. Second, improving the education level has a positive effect on capital efficiency. Lastly, an increase in capital inefficiency leads to a negative effect on economic growth in East Java. This study suggests three key policies for accelerating economic growth in East Java: providing incentives to industries that can increase capital efficiency, developing innovations to increase capital efficiency, and improving education quality to encourage increased human resource productivity.JEL Classification: D24, O14, O4How to Cite:Santoso, D. B., & Suman, A. (2023). Determinant of Capital Efficiency and Its Impact on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence in East Java. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i1.29965.
Determinant of Efficiency in the Indonesian Islamic Banks
Authors: Aliyah Hikmatul , Hamid Abdul , Al Arif Mohammad Nur Rianto
Published: April 2023

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the level of efficiency of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia. The research employs a panel data analysis and a non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the level of efficiency. The panel data analysis showed that company size, profitability, liquidity, and management significantly affect the level of efficiency of Islamic banks in Indonesia, while capital and financing risk have no significant impact. The efficiency of Islamic banks in Indonesia should be maintained by balancing the distribution of assets, ensuring portfolio diversification, maintaining sufficient liquidity, and paying attention to management quality. The originality of this study, to the best of the author's knowledge, is that it is the first study to examine the determinants of efficiency in Indonesian Islamic commercial banks using quarterly data from the period of 2015-2020. As a result, the data analyzed has a sufficient amount.JEL Classification: C02, C14, C23, G01How to Cite:Aliyah, H., Hamid, A., & Al Arif, M. N. R. (2023). Determinants of Efficiency in the Indonesian Islamic Banks. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(1), 161-174. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i1.30376.
Migrant Labor Determinants: Do Socio-Economic Factors Affect?
Authors: Haer Jamhul , Yuniarti Dini
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the social and economic variables that influence workers to become migrant workers. This research was conducted in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. As a sample in this study, we surveyed 100 people, consisting of 50 ex-migrant workers and 50 local workers. The analytical tool used was logit analysis. The estimation results show that the influential social variables are gender, age, marital status, and education. Economic variables that affect former migrant workers include ownership of savings, ownership of loans, ownership of agricultural land, and ownership of livestock, all of which have a negative effect. The policy implications of this research are the need for new regulations or revisions to previous regulations to improve human resources at the time of pre-placement. This regulation should involve training in language skills and the abilities required for the relevant field of work to increase competitiveness. Furthermore, policies to empower migrant workers post-placement should be implemented to provide more significant opportunities and support for working or starting businesses in their home countries.JEL Classification: J61, O15How to Cite:Haer, J., & Yuniarti, D. (2023). The Migrant Labor Determinants: Do Socio-Economic Factors Affect?. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(1), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v12i1.31274.
Diseño del espacio sonoro y la representación de los centros clandestinos de detención en el cine argentino según los paradigmas de producción
Authors: Seba Alejandro
Published: April 2023

Este escrito pone el foco en la representación del espacio acústico en los espacios virtuales audiovisuales que pertenecieron a lo real, como son los centros clandestinos de detención mostrados en tres filmes pertenecientes a tres épocas diferentes del cine ficcional argentino y que son atravesadas por diferentes modos de producción. Por esto, exponen tratamientos y soluciones diferentes, más efectistas en algunos casos y más complejos en otros, produciendo diferentes grados de identificación e inmersión del espectador y niveles más profundos de investigación por parte de los realizadores. Esta investigación y recuperación de la memoria es evidente en el corpus seleccionado. Los testimonios y recuerdos sonoros pueden ser una herramienta sumamente importante a la hora de transportar al espectador de un film a un espacio y tiempo determinado y lograr esa identificación con los personajes.

Analizaremos los filmes La noche de los lápices (1986), de Héctor Olivera, Garage Olimpo (1999) de Marco Bechis y Crónica de una fuga (2006) de Adrián Caetano, y el uso que han hecho del sonido para representar el horror vivido por los detenidos.
Mid-level specialists in the Finno-Ugric Republics of the RSFSR in the second half of the 1950s – early 1960s
Authors: Matsuk Alexander M.
Published: April 2023

Introduction. The majority of mid-level specialists for various sectors of the national economy of the Finno-Ugric Republics of the RSFSR were trained by local specialized vocational institutions. The article studies of the dynamics of the number of mid-level specialists in the sectors of the national economy of the Finno-Ugric Republics in the second half of the 1950s – early 1960s, as well as the share of these specialists in the national economy of these territories.
Materials and Methods. The study is based on statistical materials containing the data on the number of middle-level specialists in various sectors of the national economy in the relevant area. The study was carried out on the basis of comparative, historical, systematic and statistical approaches, which made it possible to trace the dynamics of changes in the number of middle-level specialists and highlight the changes in the share of specialists of certain categories in their total numbers.
Results and Discussion. Based on the data contained in the statistical materials, it was possible to trace the dynamics of the number of mid-level specialists employed in various sectors of the national economy of the Finno-Ugric Republics of the RSFSR. There were changes in the share of certain categories of specialists in relation to their total numbers. In addition, a comparison was made of the dynamics of changes in the share of certain categories of these specialists in the Finno-Ugric Republics with similar dynamics in the RSFSR as a whole for the period under study.
Conclusion. During the period under study, several trends were noted in the dynamics of changes in the number of mid-level specialists employed in the national economy of the Finno-Ugric Republics, and the share of their individual categories. In the second half of the 1950s, the general increase in the number of the personnel was noted, in the early 1960s, the intensity of their growth stopped. In general, over the entire period, the total number of these specialists increased by an average of 2 times, the largest increase was observed in the category of technicians. An increase in the number of specialists classified as technicians caused a noticeable decrease in the share of other categories, which was especially noticeable in the second half of the 1950s.
PENINGKATAN KERJASAMA SEBAGAI UPAYA MENGOPTIMALKAN PROGRAM KERJA ORGANISASI IKATAN MAHASISWA SOLOK SELATAN
Authors: Ardias Widia Sri , Lenggogeni Putri
Published: April 2023

Organisasi pada dasarnya digunakan sebagai tempat atau wadah dimana orang-orang berkumpul, bekerjasama secara rasional dan sistematis, terencana, terorganisasi, terpimpin dan terkendali dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya, sarana prasarana, data, dan lain sebagainya yang digunakan secara efisien dan efektif untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi. Dalam mencapai tujuan bersama untuk mewujudkan visi dan misi sebuah organisasi, tentunya kerjasama sangat dibutuhkan. Hilmawan (2020) menjelaskan bahwa organisasi yang baik ialah organisasi yang berusaha meningkatkan kemampuan sumber daya manusianya. Oleh karena itu, dapat dikatakan kerjasama tim yang baik sangat dibutuhkan untuk mewujudkan organisasi yang baik. Tujuan dari pelatihan ini ialah untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pada organisasi Ikatan Mahasiswa Solok Selatan (IMASOLSEL) mengenai kerjasama sebagai upaya mengoptimalkan program kerja. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah kuantitatif eksperimen dengan desain One Grup Pretest Posttest Desain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah diadakan pelatihan dengan persentase peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 10,8% dan 3,5 % peningkatan perilaku kerjasama. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan/training yang telah dilakukan berjalan efektif bagi peserta organisasi Ikatan Mahasiswa Solok Selatan.Kata Kunci: Kerjasama, Optimalisasi Program Kerja, IMASOLSEL
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KOSAKATA BAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI KEGIATAN PROGRAM BELAJAR BERSAMA PADA ANAK DESA KHEPONG JAYA
Authors: Ambarwati Riyama , Romlah Listiyani Siti , Budi Firgiawan Setia
Published: April 2023

Era globalisasi memudahkan manusia untuk bisa mendapat informasi yang kita inginkan dari berbagai sumber. Tidak sedikit informasi yang didapat berasal dari bahasa yang kurang kita pahami yang pada kenyataannya digunakan oleh masyarakat dunia saat ini yaitu bahasa inggris.  Pada program pengabdian kepada masyarakat, peneliti membentuk program bimbingan belajar bersama Bahasa Inggris di desa Khepong Jaya Kecamatan Padang Cermin Kabupaten Pesawaran ini dilaksanakan atas dasar kerjasama khususnya oleh Dosen dan Mahasiswa UIN Raden Intan Lampung dengan masyarakat serta pejabat desa setempat. Pengabdian ini ditujukan untuk anak-anak pada tingkat sekolah dasar yang ada di desa Khepong Jaya, dalam upaya lebih mengenalkan Bahasa Inggris pada anak-anak desa khususnya dalam meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata Bahasa Inggris. Pada penelitian kali ini peneliti akan melakukan eksperimen yang berpusat pada peningkatan penguasaan kosakata anak-anak desa melalui program kegiatan belajar bersama. Hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui program kegiatan belajar bersama ini ditemukan adanya peningkatan dalam penguasaan kosakata anak-anak di desa Khepong Jaya.Kata Kunci: Improvisasi, Bahasa Inggris, Penguasaan Kosa Kata
Sosialisasi Perkembangan Pola Pikir Remaja Di Era Globalisasi Dan Teknologi
Authors: Deswita Deswita , Rahmawati Nurina Kurniasari , Kusuma Arie Purwa , Atiyah Rifa , Risnawati Yun , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Published: April 2023

Masa remaja awal merupakan masa ketika seorang anak tumbuh ke tahap menjadi seseorang yang dewasa yang tidak dapat ditetapkan secara pasti. Remaja mulai mempunyai kapasitas untuk memperoleh dan menggunakan pengetahuan secara efisien mencapai puncaknya dikarenakan pertumbuhan otak mencapai kesempurnaan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada para siswa terkait perkembangan pola pikir remaja di era globalisasi dan teknologi. Era revolusi industri 4.0 merupakan era informasi dan teknologi, dengan perubahan yang cepat, pertambahan yang signifikan dalam lingkungan masyarakat sebagai akibat dari perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi serta pengetahuan yang membeludak. Remaja yang memiliki pola pikir yang baik, dapat menjadi pribadi yang berpikir secara sistematis dan lebih bisa berinteraksi dengan orang lain baik secara akademik maupun non akademik.

Kata Kunci: Remaja, Pola Berpikir, Era globalisasi dan teknologi
Aceh sebagai Wilayah Terkuat yang Sulit Dijajah Belanda
Authors: Sari Windi Sekar
Published: April 2023

This article describes the greatness of Aceh as the strongest region that is difficult to colonize by the Dutch. The Dutch colonization itself only emerged in Aceh around the end of the 19th century AD. Aceh is the capital of the Indonesian nation's struggle. The method used in this article is a historical method that uses a variety of literature on the problems presented, relating to the history of Aceh and the Dutch colonialists. The contents of the article provide an explanation of the Dutch journey which was not easy to just colonize the Aceh region. Likewise, the people of Aceh are not easily influenced by the cunning Dutch way. So in this article, we will discuss the strength and form of Aceh's defense, starting with the political steps of the Acehnese government against the Dutch, the Acehnese people's struggle to defend their beloved homeland because the Acehnese people considered the Dutch colonials to be infidels who had to be fought, they named the war. with the war fii sabilillah (jihad in the way of Allah). Which then made Aceh the last area to be colonized by the Dutch, which was about ± 30 years. Keywords: Dutch Colonial, Aceh War, Aceh People.
Akulturasi Budaya pada Makam Syekh Syamsuddin Al-Wasil Setono Gedong Kediri Abad 16
Authors: Rohmah Nurul Baiti
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the condition of Kediri during the transition from Hindu-Buddhist to Islam which is the background of cultural acculturation at the tomb of Sheikh Syamsuddin Al-Wasil Setono Gedong. In this study, the authors used historical research methods with four stages, namely, heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The result of this research is that the transition period is the situation behind the acculturation of culture and the expansion of Demak to Majapahit which at that time in Daha was one of the causes of the shift from the Hindu-Buddhist era to Islam. One form of acculturation discussed in this study is the acculturation that occurred at the tomb of Sheikh Syamsuddin Al-Wasil Setono Gedong. The acculturation is contained in the cupola/wall around the tomb, gate, lotus and sunflower motifs, grave first, and inscriptions on the walls around the tomb.
Prediction of the mechanical properties of concrete using developed hybrid neural networks
Authors: Rashno Alireza , Adlparvar Mohamadreza , Izadinia Mohsen
Published: April 2023

This study focuses on the production of durable and high-quality concrete that aligns with the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs). Specifically, it aims to fulfil SDG 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure) and SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities). However, producing fibre-reinforced ultra-high-performance self-compacting concrete (FRUHPSCC) presents a challenge in achieving the desired mechanical properties. As a result, constructing numerous trial samples increases cost and time. To address this issue, an artificial neural network (ANN) can accurately predict the FRUHPSCC's mechanical properties. The study utilised garnet and basalt aggregates, nanosilica, steel fibre and other components to make FRUHPSCC and tested its compressive and tensile strengths and microstructure. By utilising a data set of experimental results, five types of ANN were developed with different training algorithms, as were five hybridised types of ANN employing the grasshopper optimisation algorithm (GOA), that predicted the compressive strength of this type of concrete. The results indicated that their predictions were highly accurate, and the hybridisation of ANNs with GOA increased prediction accuracy further. Notably, the network that combined the training function trainlm and GOA produced the highest prediction accuracy, showing that ANNs can predict FRUHPSCC's compressive strength accurately while reducing production cost and time.
Different number, different gender: Comparing Romanian and Guébie
Authors: Kramer Ruth , Sande Hannah
Published: April 2023

Many languages contain nouns that seem to have different genders in the singular and in the plural. In this paper, we investigate two languages with this kind of “ambigeneric” noun: Romanian (Romance; Romania) and Guébie (Kru; Côte d’Ivoire). Romanian is well-known for its ambigeneric nouns, traditionally referred to as neuter, but ambigeneric nouns in Guébie have not been previously studied. While Guébie is unrelated to Romanian, and its gender system is based on different features, the ambigeneric nouns in the two languages are strikingly similar. Building on the analysis of Romanian in Kramer 2015ab, we argue for a unified Distributed Morphology analysis of ambigeneric nouns in Romanian and Guébie. Specifically, we claim that (i) ambigeneric nouns lack gender features, and (ii) the ambigeneric pattern is generated through a handful of Impoverishment operations. We show how alternative approaches to ambigeneric nouns face empirical and conceptual challenges in accounting for Romanian and Guébie. Overall, the analysis supports the cross-linguistic approach to gender features developed in Kramer 2015a, where “neuter” nouns lack gender features, and it provides evidence in favor of a Distributed Morphology approach to ambigeneric nouns in general.
Contagion in Debt and Collateral Markets
Authors: Chang Jin-Wook , Chuan Grace
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates contagion in financial networks through both debt and collateral markets. We find that the role of collateral is mitigating counterparty exposures and reducing contagion but has a phase transition property. Contagion can change dramatically depending on the amount of collateral relative to the debt exposures. When there is an abundance of collateral (leverage is low), then collateral can fully cover debt exposures, and the network structure does not matter. When there is an adequate amount of collateral (leverage is moderate), then collateral can mitigate counterparty contagion, and having more links in the network reduces contagion, as interlinkages act as a diversifying mechanism. When collateral is not enough (leverage is high) and agents in the network are too interconnected, then the collateral price can plummet to zero and the whole network can collapse. Therefore, we show the importance of the interaction between the level of collateral and interconnectedness across agents. The model also provides the minimum collateral-to-debt ratio (haircut) to attain a robust macroprudential state for a given network structure and aggregate state.
THE FISCAL AUTONOMY OF SOUTH AFRICAN MUNICIPALITIES TO LEVY RATES: AN APPRAISAL OF City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality v Zibi [2021] ZASCA 97
Authors: Fuo Oliver
Published: April 2023

The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 protects the fiscal autonomy of local government. Integral to this autonomy, is the original power given to municipalities to impose rates on property. This power is regulated by the Local Government: Municipal Property Rates Act 6 of 2004 (MPRA). In City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality v Zibi (234/2020) [2021] ZASCA 97 (9 July 2021), the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) had to decide on whether the City of Johannesburg was entitled to levy a rate in the form of a penalty on residential property for illegal or unauthorised use, without first changing the category of the property on its valuation roll or supplementary roll, from “residential” to “illegal or unauthorised” use and publishing this in the provincial gazette. The majority judgment held that the City’s decision to levy a penalty in respect of the use of the property within its jurisdiction was not ultra vires its constitutional and legislative powers because it had done so as part of a validly adopted property rates policy. On the contrary, the minority judgment came to the conclusion that the City was not empowered under section 8 of the MPRA to determine “illegal use” as a category of rateable property, nor to include such category in its rates policies. The minority judgment held that the action of the City of Johannesburg was illegal. This article appraises the judgments of the SCA in City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality v Zibi. It argues, inter alia, that although the reasoning of the majority judgment was correct, it overlooked the transitional arrangements in section 93B of the MPRA that was introduced by section 35 of the Local Government: Municipal Property Rates Amendment Act 29 of 2014. In addition, it is argued that the position adopted in the minority decision is wrong because it reflects the closed list of ratable properties that municipalities must comply with after 1 July 2022. This overlooked the wide discretionary powers municipalities enjoyed in relation to differentiation and categories of rateable properties as a result of transitional legislative arrangements.
MANDATORY COVID-19 VACCINATIONS AT UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA: GUIDANCE FROM THE UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Franaaz Khan  , Kirstin Hagglund
Published: April 2023

During the past two decades, immunisation has saved millions of lives and prevented countless illnesses and disabilities in South Africa. Vaccination is the most important thing we can do to protect ourselves and our children against ill health. Vaccinations prevent up to three million deaths worldwide every year. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) has listed vaccine hesitancy as one of the biggest threats to global health. Vaccine hesitancy entails people with access to vaccines delaying or refusing vaccination. In addition to vaccine hesitancy, many people are of the view that it infringes on their fundamental human right to bodily integrity. However, this article presents findings that suggest that this right can be limited because everyone has a fundamental right to be protected from the spread of the disease. Tensions have increased as more vaccine mandates are implemented. Businesses continue to review and revise their Covid-19 vaccination policies as new mutations emerge and employers may be asking what they can do if workers refuse to get the jab. Some employers have dismissed employees or put them on unpaid leave. Others have required unvaccinated employees to submit to weekly testing and take other safety precautions. In terms of the Code of Practice: Managing Exposure to SARS-COV-2 in the Workplace, 2022, the identifiable hazard relating to Covid-19 that workers face is the transmission of virus by an infectious person to others in the workplace. The Regulations for Hazardous Biological Agents, 2022 lists SARS-COV-2 as a hazardous biological agent that places legal responsibilities on employers to mitigate the associated risks. Each situation requires special measures to be implemented by employers in order to prevent the transmission of the virus. Universities in South Africa are also faced with this conundrum regarding the mandating of vaccines. This article examines and discusses mandating vaccines in South Africa, especially at universities, with guidance received from international instruments such as the European Union and countries such as United States. Various legislative and policy frameworks are also analysed.
SIR WILLIAM BLACKSTONE AND THE DOCTRINE OF SUBJECTIVE RIGHTS
Authors: PJ Badenhorst
Published: April 2023

The doctrine of subjective rights forms part of South African jurisprudence. This is not the case in English law, which, for instance, does not clearly distinguish between property, as a legal object, and property rights. However, if one considers Sir William Blackstone’s famous definition of property in his Commentaries on the Laws of England, it does contain some features of the doctrine: the definition is about the “right of property” and its features. Property as object, and right of property as a right, are distinguished. A right of property has entitlements and operates against third parties. A property right involves a legal relationship between a person and a thing, as well as a legal relationship between a person and third parties. In conclusion, the Blackstonian definition contains features of the doctrine of subjective rights that are useful when analysing property rights in English common law systems.
Características de médicos egressos de curso de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Homeopatia
Authors: Machado Marcia Sacramento Cunha , Oliveira Monica da Cunha , Silva Mary Gomes
Published: April 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: A incorporação das práticas médicas complementares junto aos serviços de saúde atua de forma adjuvante, ampliando a efetividade e eficácia do ato médico nas diversas áreas de atuação e especialidades. O método homeopático oferece possibilidade de emprego de medicamento baseado na totalidade de sintomas do caso. Em doses potencializadas e diminuídas, estes medicamentos são capazes de remover radical e permanentemente todos os sintomas mórbidos da doença, transformando-a em saúde. OBJETIVO: Descrever as características da população e conhecer os principais motivos para a escolha do curso pelos médicos egressos de um Curso de Especialização em Homeopatia no Estado da Bahia. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, tipo exploratório e descritivo. Foram realizadas entrevistas telepresenciais com médicos participantes, cujos dados foram tratados segundo a técnica de análise temática de Bardin. RESULTADOS: Os resultados demonstraram médicos egressos com 49,3 anos, em média, sexo feminino, com até 29 anos de formado e religião Espírita. Os principais motivos para a escolha do curso foram experiência pessoal, formação complementar, inquietude e limitações da alopatia. Foram identificadas mudanças na anamnese médica com a utilização das Leis de Cura e Biopatográfico. CONCLUSÃO: Afirmou-se a necessidade de mudança de estilo de vida e autocrítica para saber lidar com preconceitos inerentes à especialidade. Existem poucos cursos de ensino da homeopatia no Brasil, e a formação completa do médico, o que inclui a formação homeopática em práticas integrativas, pode significar um atendimento médico mais completo e também mais humanizado, com menor sofrimento ao doente.
Forage and Range Research Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Protocols v2
Authors: L Waldron Blair
Published: April 2023

The United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Laboratory conducts basic and applied research aimed at improving plant materials and management alternatives for sustainable stewardship of rangelands, pasture, and turf in the western U.S. This research is a multi-disciplinary effort combining expertise from plant breeding and quantitative genetics, molecular biology and genomics, plant physiology, and ecology. This research also relies on standard protocols and procedures to ensure experimental rigor, repeatability, and confidence. This document contains the standard operating procedures and protocols included in the 215 Waldron 2080-21000-018-000D project plan.
The Evolution of the Tahitian Lexicon v1
Authors: Arzbaecher Ellinor
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research proposal is to analyze the changes to the Tahitian lexicon over time and connect these changes to the biocultural evolution of Polynesian communities on the island of Mo'orea in French Polynesia. Tahitian has an inherently dynamic and ever-changing lexicon, particularly as it pertains to language for flora and fauna, which are identified based on utility. Shifting socio-cultural and ecological realities have influenced and continue to influence human-environment relationships on Mo'orea, impacting the Tahitian vocabulary, as well. The aim of this research is to identify such points of evolution within the language via a data curation process from historical and contemporary sources, reviewed and supplemented by academic and local community experts.
The impact of globalization on oral health in the Pacific v2
Authors: Elvis Obiorah Kenechi
Published: April 2023

A literature and art review of oral health at the time of European contact and throughout written history and a survey on the oral health quality of native Pacific Islanders today to examine the effects of globalization more specifically the introduction of highly processed carbohydrates and sugars have influenced the oral health of Indigenous Pacific Islanders.
Semi-Structured Interview Protocol, Community Perceptions and Expectations of the Gump Station in Mo'orea, French Polynesia v1
Authors: Sandel Grace
Published: April 2023

This project aims to understand community perceptions and expectations of the Gump Station in Mo’orea, French Polynesia and how the Gump Station can promote the co-creation of knowledge. The project will rely on qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews and workshops with community members across a variety of ages and backgrounds. This protocol is for conducting semi-structured interviews with participants.
Onicomicosis por hongos saprofitos: informe de 49 casos
Authors: Vélez Herta
Published: April 2023

Entre enero de 1983 y junio de 1988 se estudiaron en nuestro laboratorio 1560 muestras provenientes de pacientes con lesiones ungueales en pies o manos; entre ellas se detectaron 49 debidas a hongos saprofitos que pudieron ser demostrados repetidamente por exámenes directos y cultivos; en 11 de las 49 el hongo saprofito estuvo asociado a una cándida o a un dermatofito y estos últimos fueron considerados el patógeno primario; agentes del género Fusarium fueron los más frecuentemente demostrados (32 casos; 65.3%); en cuatro pacientes se Identificaron agentes nunca antes hallados en nuestro medio como responsables de estas lesiones, a saber: Trichotecíum roseum, Aspergíllus terreus, Aspergíllus níger, Dendrophoma spp.  La enfermedad fue más frecuente en mujeres (33 casos; 67.3%) y en las unas de los artejos: 46 casos (93.9%). Concluimos que los hongos saprofitos deben ser tenidos en cuenta, tanto por el laboratorista como por el médico, cuando se están estudiando y tratando lesiones ungueales.
El factor de necrosis de los tumores o caquectina
Authors: Ossa Londoño Jorge Eliécer
Published: April 2023

Se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre el Factor de Necrosis de los Tumores o Caquectina, con base en artículos publicados durante los años 1986-1987, haciendo hincapié en las diferencias funcionales y moleculares entre el FNT Alfa, la Linfotoxina o FNT Beta y la Caquectina. Se enfatizan los mecanismos del shock, de la necrosis tumoral y de la caquexia; se Indican las propiedades antitumorales del FNT in vivo e in vitro y se esbozan esquemas terapéuticos experimentales que permiten colegir que el FNT tendrá un papel Importante en la Inmunoterapia del cáncer en el hombre.
El medio de Kaminski adicionado con nistatina para el aislamiento de dermatofitos y otros hongos patógenos
Authors: Vélez Herta , Santamaría de Uribe Lucía , Montoya Fernando
Published: April 2023

Se evaluaron 3 medios de cultivo de composición diferente (Mycobiotic agar, agar de Kaminski y agar de Kaminski adicionado con nistatina) para el aislamiento de dermatofitos y el reaislamiento de S. schenckii y hongos negros, agentes de cromomicosis. Con el objeto de puntualizar diferencias entre dichos medios se determinaron, para cada uno, la frecuencia de aislamiento de los hongos, sus características morfológicas y su tiempo de crecimiento, así como la rapidez e Intensidad de la contaminación bacteriana y/o micótica. Se estudiaron 150 muestras de pacientes con sospecha clínica de dermatofitosis y se hicieron 30 reaislamientos de S. schenckiiy 10 de agentes de cromomicosis. Se demostró la utilidad del agar de Kaminski modificado, tanto para el aislamiento como para el reaislamiento de los agentes señalados, a pesar de su mayor índice de contaminación microbiana. Fue, además, útil para el aislamiento de levaduras del género Candida.
Dr. Antonio Roldan Betancur
Authors: Roldan Betancur Antonio
Published: April 2023

Nació en Briceño, Antioquia, el 17 de febrero de 1946; fueron sus padres Ángel e Inés, su esposa Gloria y sus hijas Natalia y Daniela. Bachiller del Liceo Antioqueño: 1964. Médico y Cirujano de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia: 1971. Medicatura rural en Betulia, Antioquia: 1971-1972. Médico de planta del Hospital Regional de Urabá: 1972. Alcalde y Concejal de Apartadó. Dirigente deportivo. Gerente de Corpurabá. Director de Coldeportes, Antioquia. Gerente de la Fábrica de Licores de Antioquia. Jefe del Servicio Seccional de Salud de Antioquia. Gobernador del Departamento de Antioquia. Falleció el4 de Julio de 1989.
El complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad humano: sistema HLA
Authors: París Ángel Sara Claudia , García Luis Fernando
Published: April 2023

El complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad humano, o sistema HLA, está localizado en el brazo corto del cromosoma 6. Sus genes codifican tres tipos de moléculas. Los antígenos clase I (HLA-A, B, C y E) están formados por una cadena pesada unida no covalentemente a la β2-microglobulina y se expresan en la superficie de la mayoría de las células nucleadas del organismo. Estos antígenos actúan como elementos de restricción en la activación de los linfocitos T CD8+. Los antígenos clase II son dímeros compuestos por cadenas α y β y su distribución tisular está limitada sólo a algunos tipos de células. Estas moléculas actúan restringiendo la presentación de antígenos a los linfocitos CD4+. Los antígenos de clase III son proteínas plasmáticas del sistema del complemento. Los diferentes loci del sistema HLA son muy polimórficos y sus productos se heredan en bloques conocidos como haplotipos. Debido a que los diferentes grupos étnicos presentan variaciones en la frecuencia de ale ios y haplotipos, el HLA ha sido muy útil en los estudios antropogenéticos. Algunos antígenos HLA están presentes en pacientes con determinadas enfermedades con una frecuencia significativamente diferente a la encontrada en la población general. Estos hallazgos han sido de gran importancia para comprender la patogénesis y los mecanismos genéticos de resistencia o susceptibilidad a dichas enfermedades. En el campo de los transplantes de órganos, la compatibilidad HLA donante-receptor correlaciona con la sobrevida del injerto. El sistema HLA también parece tener mucha importancia en los fenómenos inmunológicos que ocurren durante el embarazo.  Debido a la gran importancia teórica y práctica del sistema HLA en genética, inmunología y medicina en general, su estudio continuará siendo un campo muy activo de investigación básica y clínica.
Dolor y sufrimiento en el paciente con SIDA
Authors: Álvarez Echeverri Tiberio , Arroyave Martha Lucía
Published: April 2023

Se analizan algunos aspectos relacionados con el dolor y el sufrimiento de los pacientes con SIDA, así como su manejo médico y ético; se explican, además, los componentes del cuidado paliativo, a saber: control de la sintomatología, manejo administrativo, atención domiciliaria, atención hospitalaria, acción del voluntariado, ayuda espiritual, manejo de la aflicción y aspectos educativos y evaluativos.
Síndrome hemofagocítico y salmonelosis en un paciente con hemoglobinopatía SC
Authors: Karduss Amado , Cuellar Francisco , Molina Javier , Pinto Luis Fernando
Published: April 2023

Se informa el caso de un joven de 14 años con hemoglobinopatía SC que tuvo un síndrome hemofagocítico (SH) secundario a salmonelosis. Se discuten las características de este síndrome y su diagnóstico diferencial. Se hace énfasis en la importancia de considerarlo entre las posibilidades diagnósticas dada la frecuencia en Colombia de las infecciones que pueden desencadenarlo, a saber: tuberculosis, salmonelosis y leishmaniasis.
Repercusión perinatal del consumo de basuco durante la gestación
Authors: Manotas Cabarcas Rafael J. , Caicedo R. José E. , Cuesta González Fanny , Benavides Carlos , Mejía Amanda , Gómez Luz E. , Atehortúa Olga , Miranda Ofelia
Published: April 2023

Con la metodología de cohortes se estudiaron 23 parejas madre-hijo consumidoras de basuco, (cohorte expuesta), y 20 parejas no consumidoras que sirvieron como controles. Se comparó en los niños la frecuencia de retardo ponderal, alteraciones neurológicas, alteraciones fisiológicas en el hígado, los riñones y la sangre y signos clínicos, hematológicos y óseos de plumbismo; se determinaron los niveles de plomo en la sangre materna y en la del cordón umbilical. Se encontró que los niños expuestos presentaban retardo generalizado del crecimiento, Incluyendo el tamaño del cerebro, y un cuadro neurológico caracterizado por: llanto deprimido, Irritabilidad, náuseas y disminución de los reflejos de succión, marcha automática, enderezamiento y del alpinista. Con respecto a los tres últimos, aunque su frecuencia absoluta no fue significativamente superior, sí lo fue la duración promedio de la depresión. Las concentraciones sanguíneas de plomo en las parejas expuestas fueron: 15.2 ± 7.6 ug/dl en los niños y 14.2 ± 5.8 ug/dl en las madres. En los controles se encontraron 6.8 ± 5.0 y 8.4 ± 4.5 ug/dl respectivamente. Se detectaron alteraciones óseas en 15 niños expuestos (75%), a saber: en 14 retardo de la maduración relacionado, posiblemente, con el bajo peso y en 6 (30%), lesiones radiodensas metafisiarias longitudinales o transversales atribuibles al depósito de plomo. No se detectaron signos clínicos de plumbismo ni alteraciones fisiológicas en los riñones, el hígado o la sangre durante el tiempo del estudio. Los anteriores hallazgos permiten concluir que la exposición del feto al basuco consumido por la madre, se asocia con retardo del crecimiento general y cerebral, así como con manifestaciones neurológicas definidas. Entre las alteraciones qulmicas se destaca la elevada concentración de plomo en la sangre de las madres e hijos expuestos y su posible relación con las alteraciones óseas encontradas en los niños.
Hidratación parenteral rápida en pacientes deshidratados por enfermedad diarreica aguda
Authors: Bernal Parra Carlos A. , Gómez Gustavo , Valencia Marta L. , Bastidas Myriam
Published: April 2023

Entre mayo y julio de 1987 se estudiaron 36 niños que ingresaron al Hospital Infantil de Medellín con deshidratación de segundo o tercer grado, secundaria a enfermedad diarreica de evolución menor de una semana y sin enfermedad grave asociada. La hidratación se llevó a cabo parenteralmente empleando una mezcla de composición similar a la que recomienda la Organización Mundial de la Salud para la Terapia de Rehidratación Oral (TRO).  Se logró la hidratación en un lapso de 6 horas en 30 de los 36 pacientes y en 3 más en las siguientes 6 horas; no se produjeron casos de hipernatremia ni de hiperkalemia. Se concluye que la hidratación parenteral, con una solución de composición similar a la de la TRO, es una alternativa adecuada cuando no está indicada la hidratación oral del niño con enfermedad diarreica.
Sensibilidad a los antibióticos de bacterias aisladas de neonatos hospitalizados
Authors: Manotas Cabarcas Rafael J. , Uribe Alvaro
Published: April 2023

Se estudiaron 89 cepas bacterianas aisladas de neonatos hospitalizados en la sala de cuidados especiales de la Fundación Hospitalaria San Vicente de Paúl, de Medellín; a cada una se le determinó la sensibilidad frente a 21 antibióticos por el método de la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM); se halló una alta frecuencia de resistencia hacia la gentamicina, la netilmicina, la oxacilina y la ampicilina que se usan a menudo en esta institución como terapia inicial en las infecciones del recién nacido; por otra parte se demostraron altos porcentajes de sensibilidad hacia las quinolonas tanto de las bacterias gram positivas como de las gram negativas; contra estas últimas también fueron muy efectivos el aztreonam y las cefalosporinas de tercera generación. A la luz de esta nueva información se llama la atención hacia la necesidad de revaluar las normas de la antibioterapia en las infecciones graves del recién nacido.
Nariz traumática en personas mayores de 15 años
Authors: Álvarez Gaviria William , Bowie Wardel , Vélez Gabriel J.
Published: April 2023

Entre septiembre de 1986 y agosto de 1987 se estudiaron en forma prospectiva 40 pacientes mayores de 15 años, con diagnóstico de NARIZ TRAUMATICA. El objetivo principal del estudio era comparar la frecuencia de las alteraciones anatómicas, fisiológicas y clínicas en el preoperatorio y el posoperatorio. Se encontró un número similar de pacientes de ambos sexos; hubo predominio de personas entre 15 y 29 años; la forma más frecuente de la nariz fue la mesorrina (57.5%). La alteración anatómica más común fue la desviación septal (100%). En 13 pacientes (32.5%) estaba atrofiado el tercio medio de la cara. Solamente 11 (27.5%) reportaron antecedentes de traumatismo nasal. En el posoperatorio se presentó mejoría subjetiva de la obstrucción nasal en 36 pacientes (90.0%), a pesar de que la rinomanometría sólo evidenció mejoría en 20 (50.0%) y de que la desviación septal persistió en 12 (30.0%). Se concluye que el diagnóstico de nariz traumática y los resultados de su tratamiento son difíciles de evaluar objetivamente, aún con el uso del rinomanómetro. Se postula que toda desviación septal y/o laterorrinia obedece a un traumatismo nasal, muchas veces inadvertido, excepto los casos que corresponden a enfermedades congénitas claramente definidas, neoformaciones o infecciones.
Los trastornos del sueño en el niño
Authors: Borrego Abello Camilo José
Published: April 2023

Con el fin de mejorar el entendimiento y la atención médica de los niños con problemas del sueño se discuten en esta revisión el sueño normal en los niños y sus principales alteraciones, a saber: Insomnio, trastornos de los ritmos circadianos y de los esquemas de sueño, síndrome de hipersomnolencia diurna, apneas del sueño y parasomnias. Se describe el uso del laboratorio para el estudio de los trastornos del sueño y se discuten someramente algunos conceptos modernos sobre la participación de fenómenos bioquímicos, hormonales e Inmunológicos en la génesis del sueño.
Parasitosis intestinales, cisticercosis e hidatidosis
Authors: Botero David
Published: April 2023

Se presenta una revisión actualizada sobre las parasitosis intestinales, la cisticercosis y la hidatidosis en Colombia, con una breve descripción de la prevalencia, las características epidemiológicas, los efectos sobre la salud y algunos aspectos de control y tratamiento. Con esta revisión se busca tener información resumida sobre las parasitosis que se encuentran en Colombia y su mayor o menor Importancia en salud pública. También se pretende ofrecer una Idea del nivel de gravedad de estas entidades como causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en este país.
Tratamiento funcional de las fracturas de colles
Authors: Marquez William H.
Published: April 2023

Entre abril de 1985 y junio de 1987, en el Servicio de Ortopedia del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, de Medellín, se estudiaron 34 mujeres y 8 hombres que habían sufrido fracturas de Colles de tipo extraarticular del radio distal; todos los pacientes presentaban fracturas esplazadas, que en tres casos eran bilaterales por lo que el total incluido fue 45. En 34 casos la lesión afectó el lado derecho.
Sistemas expertos y su aplicación en medicina
Authors: Fox Javier E.
Published: April 2023

El presente artículo es una revisión de los Sistemas Expertos Médicos como aplicación concreta de la inteligencia Artificial. Se hace un recuento histórico de los mismos desde la década de los setenta; se dan nociones generales sobre lo que son los Sistemas Expertos, su arquitectura interna y las personas que Interactúan con ellos para hacer posibles su desarrollo y aplicación; se destacan sus ventajas y desventajas y se integran los conocimientos básicos sobre Sistemas Expertos con el prototipo PULMONOLOGIST que hace diagnóstico diferencial de quince enfermedades pulmonares y muestra al usuario el diagnóstico más probable, los síntomas que dejó de exhibir el paciente, las pruebas confirmatorias realizadas y el tratamiento recomendado.