bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BLENDED LEARNING INSTRUCTION IN HOSPITALITY EDUCATION AT NORTHERN ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY FOR CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Authors: NAVARRO JOHN D.
Published: June 2023

This study, titled "Exploring the Effectiveness of Blended Learning Instruction in Hospitality Education at Northern Iloilo State University for Curriculum Development," aimed to determine the effectiveness of blended learning instruction in hospitality management courses at NISU from the perspective of student perception. To achieve this aim, a descriptive research design was employed, and data were collected using a researcher-made structured questionnaire from 129 college students. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analyses.

The results of the study showed that male students dominate the BS Hospitality Management program at NISU, and most of them reside in the barangay. The study also found that quizzes and assignments were the most utilized tools in blended learning instruction in hospitality management courses at NISU. The students had a highly favorable perception of the course, while the blended learning strategies used received favorable opinions. Furthermore, all blended learning instruction tools used in the hospitality management course were significant in students' learning.

Based on the results, it is recommended that NISU should continue to utilize blended learning instruction tools in hospitality management courses to provide a more effective and flexible approach to learning. The findings of this study can also serve as a basis for curriculum development in the hospitality management program at NISU, as it highlights the effectiveness of blended learning instruction tools in promoting student learning and engagement. Overall, this study contributes to the ongoing development and improvement of hospitality education at NISU.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF COASTAL RECLAMATION REGULATIONS IN ACQUISITION OF LAND RIGHTS
Authors: SYAHRUDDIN NAWI ILHAM ABBAS, SYAMSUL RIJAL, SUFIRMAN RAHMAN,
Published: June 2023

The essence of coastal reclamation in obtaining land rights is the benefit of a just environment by turning the beach (sea water) into the land. Second, the registration of ownership to the Beach Reclamation land carried out by the reclamation executor to the atr/bin office is carried out in accordance with PP provisions No. 24 of 1997. Furthermore, the atr/bin office, in this case, is the relevant official authorized to determine the rights to the Beach Reclamation Land. Carried out by PP Number 18 of 2021, which produces documents as land rights certificates. Third, in acquiring rights to coastal reclamation land, there are influencing factors, namely legal substance, legal structure, legal culture, facilities, and infrastructure. Recommendations in this study, First, the government, as a policy maker in granting coastal reclamation permits and land rights for coastal reclamation, needs to carry out land law reforms consistently so that they are in line with the mandate of Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. There must be policy harmonization rustic as a whole. Second, granting land rights to applicants can achieve its objectives as stated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The three governments involve the community, traditional institutions, community organizations, and non-governmental organizations to support the policy of granting land rights to coastal reclamation, in Indonesia.
A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HALAL TOURISM: REVIEW PROTOCOL GUIDED BY ROSES
Authors: NOR ASHIKIN MOHD. NOR NOOR SYAHIRAH ZAKARIA, AZIZAH OTHMAN,
Published: June 2023

Muslims are growing more and more interested in halal tourism, a comparatively recent area of the travel and tourism sector in which all the products and services are Islamic Shariah law-compliant. The purpose of this research was to perform a comprehensive literature review and thematic analysis of stakeholder initiatives to promote halal tourism. This systematic literature review followed the “Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses” guidelines with primary data sourced from Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The review process consisted of five methodological steps, particularly: (1) developing a review protocol using ROSES guidelines; (2) formulation of a research question; (3) conducting a systematic search strategy based on three systematic steps (dentification, screening, and eligibility); and (4) quality appraisal and data extraction and analysis. The study is to clarify the formulation by stakeholders on the development of halal tourism. The systematic literature review (SLR) method was used to achieve the goals and aims of this research paper. The study also discovered four main themes according to thematic analysis: (1) marketing development; (2) products and services; (3) customer behavior; and industry support services. These four themes were divided into 10 sub-themes.
THE REAL TRUTH BEHIND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN PAKISTAN
Authors: NAZAKAT HUSSAIN, RAANA KHAN
Published: June 2023

This study examined the prevalence, impact, and challenges of implementing legislation intended at preventing domestic violence in Pakistan. The study employed a hybrid methodology, including a survey of 140 women and an examination of legal case studies. The findings indicated a high prevalence of physical, psychological, financial, and sexual violence, with significant health consequences. Fear factors, such as retaliation, social stigma, divorce, and future instability, were identified as significant deterrents for victims to report abuse. The research also reveals a disconnection between the enactment and enforcement of domestic violence laws. While some cases of domestic violence were acknowledged and addressed, a significant number were dismissed as private matters or were not pursued after registration. The study recommended comprehensive interventions to increase public awareness, strengthen legal enforcement, enhance victim support services, and advance gender equality. Future research should investigate unreported cases and assess the efficacy of interventions. The findings highlight the urgent need for concerted efforts to reduce domestic violence and guarantee the safety and justice of all Pakistani women.
IS DEMUTUALIZATION A PANACEA TO SPUR INVESTORS’ PERCEPTION?
Authors: RUBEENA TASHFEEN SAADAT ULLAH KIRMANI,
Published: June 2023

This study considers demutualization of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)and how it has influenced investors perception. The investors perception and response to demutualization is assessed under two heads namely: volume of trade as proxy for liquidity, andmarket priceas proxy for volatility. The study is layered into: country level and firm level. Pakistan used to have three stock exchanges namely: Karachi Stock Exchange, Lahore Stock Exchange and Islamabad Stock Exchange. Following passing of the Demutualization Act in the year 2012, these three stock exchanges merged to form a single stock exchange named as Pakistan Stock Exchange abbreviated as PSX. The investors perception as reflected in the number of trades is assessed against country’s gross domestic product to measure demutualization impact on investment climate that prevailed in the country during the period 2014 to 2018 which is two years before and two years after demutualization. The year 2016 is the year when the process of demutualization was given final shape and being transitory period is ignored for the study. The explanatory variables used for the study include: turnover ratio, market capitalization, value of trades as percentage of GDP, and the control variables include size and age of firms included in the study. The study has revealed thatDemutualization of PSX has had statistically significant impact on liquidity and volatility.
ROLE OF ADR IN RESOLVING DISPUTES OF INDIAN INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
Authors: VISHNU VARDHAN, HEMALATHA G
Published: June 2023

In this decade, Government of India has taken up infrastructure developments of huge magnitude under Public-Private Participation (PPP) in the areas like irrigation, roads, ports, and power projects, which need abundant private sector investments. Development of infrastructure in a country like India involves large number of projects being carried out across the country amidst various economic, political, social & climatic conditions, and challenges. Many of these projects have often suffered cost and time delays due to disputes over land acquisition, grants for environmental and forest clearance, and other approval. Disputes arising in the Infrastructure Sector been a toll on the overall growth and development of Indian infrastructure projects resulting in either delayed completion or abandoning the project itself. Many foreign companies are willing to invest and set up joint venture projects in India but they apprehend that in case of any dispute the Indian courts would take long to decide the claim which in turn will lead to increase in overall cost of the project. Thus, it can be said that slow dispute resolution process prevailing in the country is keeping the foreign investment at bay. The shortcomings of civil or commercial litigation have come to the forefront in the developing nations in the contemporary period which has necessitated the rise of alternate dispute resolution mechanisms all over the world. It is necessary to cut down the demand for adjudication, through arbitration and other ADR mechanisms. DR provisions in the ‘Project Concession Agreement’ may not be sufficient to manage the evolving dispute that is expected to be encountered at different stages of the project. This paper explores the various dimensions of disputes arising out of infrastructure construction industry and their possibility of being resolved amicably by alternate modes of dispute resolution. This paper tries to clarified the critical issues affecting current infrastructure PPP practice, thereby enhancing infrastructure PPP practitioners understanding of potential barriers to successful infrastructure PPP in Dispute Resolution.
COMPATIBILITY OF REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS THROUGH THE REGIONAL PEOPLE'S REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL (DPRD) ON PANCASILA: AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW OF REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: AMIRUDIN UMASANGAJI
Published: June 2023

as the state's fundamental norm, Pancasila requires that all forms of legislation, including the regional head election mechanism, align with or imbued with Pancasila values, especially its 4th Precept. The debate over the election of regional heads through the DPRD or directly through the people is a classic debate. It is often understood that direct elections by the people are more democratic compared with indirect regional head elections. This study aimed to answer the indirect regional head election's compatibility with the values of the Fourth Precepts of Pancasila. This study argues that the indirect regional head election model is more suitable or compatible with Pancasila values. Therefore, reformulation of the regional head election model through the DPRD should be considered for its implementation by the Government and the House of Representatives.
THE USE OF ADR IN RESOLVING DISPUTES RELATED TO SOCIAL MEDIA AND ONLINE PLATFORMS
Authors: S. SUBHASHINI
Published: June 2023

The number of conflicts that needs to be resolved has grown due to the increasing role played by Social media and online platform. Thanks to the benefits such as reduced costs, more flexible ways of dealing with disputes, ADR has become an important tool to deal with social media and online platform issues. A number of possibilities are available through ADR, such as mediation, arbitration and negotiation. There are still issues, though, such a murky legal framework and trouble discovering and identifying parties. Despite these challenges, ADR provides a more collaborative, cost-effective, and adaptable process than traditional litigation. It offers a higher success rate and a greater likelihood of achieving a mutually satisfactory outcome. Therefore, ADR offers a useful tool for resolving conflicts related to social media and online platforms.
STRATEGIES FOR DEFENDING ARGUMENTS BY SPEAKERS IN THE DUA SISI PROGRAM ON TV ONE THROUGH ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS
Authors: IKHWAN M. SAID WARITS KRAMADANU, LUKMAN,
Published: June 2023

This study aims to present the types of illocutionary speech and describe the illocutionary functions in the program "Dua Sisi" on TV One. This research is a descriptive qualitative study with a pragmatic approach. The data source for this research consists of oral data taken from video conversations in the "Dua Sisi" program on TV One within the time frame of 2021-2022. The oral data, which includes speech, was downloaded from YouTube using the methods of observation, documentation, and note-taking. The research findings indicate that in the "Dua Sisi" program on TV One, there are three types of illocutionary speech, namely assertive, directive, and expressive speech. Moreover, there are ten illocutionary functions used by the speakers in the "Dua Sisi" program on TV One, which include sarcasm, insults, provocation, praise, suggestion, clarification, blame, invitation, criticism, and command.
THE EFFECT OF INTENTION IN CRIMINAL CASES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN THE CONTEXT OF BROOM’S LEGAL MAXIMS AND JURISPRUDENCE RULES
Authors: AMMARAKHANAM ZAINAB AMIN, RASHIDA PARVEEN, SAMINA BEGUM, SIDRA BEGUM,
Published: June 2023

The rules of jurisprudence and Broom legal maxims clarify the importance of intention in life. Since the action of intention is involved in all spheres of life, therefore, the jurists and Muhadithin of the Prophet ﷺ begin their books of jurisprudence and hadith with the words "Intentions and Deeds". Accordingly, in this article, the beginning of the maxim, the effect of the maxim of intent was chosen in criminal cases. There is no field of life which is not affected by intention, when any action is started or when any action is done, there is a good or bad intention behind it. And the intention affects the legal consequences of this action.In both Islamic jurisprudence and legal maxims, intention is important and most of the issues are guided by intention. In both the laws, any act has a legal effect when the intention behind the act is proved. And by changing the intention, the legal results also change.

Islamic jurisprudence and  the Broom's Legal Maxims in general and in the criminal law in particular, there is a special arrangement for the prevention of all those sources that pave the way for the violation of personal or collective rights. The criminal law has formulated some rules of a special nature that play a key role in the protection of these rights. Among these basic legal principles and rules, one of the rules is related to "intent to affect", which is considered in both Islamic jurisprudence and Western laws, there is an important achievement. In this article, an attempt has been made to briefly but comprehensively discuss Broom’s legal maxims and jurisprudential rules on intent in criminal law.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING IN MAURITIUS
Authors: VIRAJ FULENA, D. GAËL HENRIETTE-BOLLI
Published: June 2023

The fight against money laundering has been a central issue for governments worldwide, with initiatives aimed at preventing the flow of dirty money. The value of money laundering is estimated to range from 2% to 5% of the global gross domestic product, thus, creating a compelling and urgent need to combat money laundering operations at both national and international levels.To effectively combat this issue, this paper seeks to analyse the various aspects of the Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Laws in Mauritius. It aims to identify the loopholes in the system and recommends ways to improve AML regulations in the country. The study uses the doctrinal methodology to analyse the laws and regulations of Mauritius on money laundering and terrorism financing.Additionally, the article uses a comparative approach to analyse the efficiency of the Mauritian AML Laws by comparing and contrasting the laws and regulations of Mauritius with those of the United Kingdom (UK). This will help the study identify areas where the country can improve its regulatory and legal framework to prevent money laundering and terrorism financing.
PREDICTION OF COMPETENCIES DURING SELECTION PROCESS: CORRELATION AND MEDIATION ANALYSIS
Authors: VAISHNAVI S, RAJINI.G
Published: June 2023

The selection committee of the organization is responsible for the selection techniques and tests to identify the competencies required for the specific job role. It interprets that a firm's selection techniques should be effective in selecting the right candidate to work for. This study is conducted to find the mediation role of reliability and predictive ability of selection tests between the selection procedure and the identification of requisite competencies. This paper aims to identify the significant contribution of selection tests and methods in identifying employee competencies. The sample was chosen from the research and development institutions with a stratified random sampling method, and the data was collected from 413 samples through a questionnaire survey. The significant finding in this analysis is that the prediction ability of selection tests and interview methods is substantial between the selection procedure and the identification of competencies.
COMPARISON OF THE USE PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS CONTINUITY IN BANKRUPTCY LAW AND THE JUDGE'S CONSIDERATION DECIDES THE BANKRUPTCY CASE BETWEEN INDONESIA AND WITH UNITED STATES
Authors: KUKUHPRIBADIJANTO, ADI SULISTIYONO, PUJIYONO SUWADI
Published: June 2023

This study aims to compare the use of the principles of business continuity in bankruptcy law and judge's considerations in deciding bankruptcy cases between Indonesia and countries that use the common law system, especially in the United States.This research method is normative juridical using secondary data obtained from literature studies and supported by analysis of solutions through conceptual approaches, comparisons, and case studies of bankruptcy decisions at the first-level commercial court in Central Jakarta.The results of this study indicate that the United States has applied the principles of business continuity to companies that are healthy with the insolvency test, while Indonesia has not, so it is necessary to use it as the judge's main consideration. Based on data, the panel of judges used the principles of business continuity at the Central Jakarta Commercial Court in deciding bankruptcy cases as the main consideration for only 1.9% of the 416 total decisions from 2015 to 2022. There are several articles in Law 37/2004 that do not reflect the principles of continuity of business, especially the articles that are often used by judges to decide on bankruptcy cases, namely article 1 paragraph (1) regarding "the definition of bankruptcy" and article 2 paragraph (1) concerning "the terms of bankruptcy" including the article related to article 8 paragraph (4).Recommended that lawmakers carry out a reconstruction of the articles that are often used by judges in deciding bankruptcy cases.
DISCRETION BY THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA
Authors: MUHAMMAD ZULFAN HAKIM, RISMAYANTI, A. PANGERANG MOENTA
Published: June 2023

The pandemi Covid-19 has spread trough the world with a staggering speed. It makes all the government in the world have to take an immediate action to overcome the effect. Not every country in the world are ready for it. Indonesia as one of the most counted victim also need a special act from the government to control the situation. Health management, economy management, security, and many other aspect. Discretion as a legal tool for a government to face any emergency situation has become very impoirtant nowdays. It is undebatable, when the government need to take an immediate act but stuck on a legal boundary, discretion will be a save passage to deviate from the law to save the people. This is a normative legal research with statutory approach, in order to determine wheter the government discretion was taken according to the law, and has it fulfill the legal boundary on the use of discretion. After the Perppu No. 1 / 2020, and presidential decree 7/2020, Indonesian government had moved faster to overcome the pandemi, even though it has altered the state budget, all are withing the legal boundary of a discretion.
MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE AND THE NEED FOR AN INFORMED PUBLIC DOMAIN
Authors: LAKSHMI CHAUHAN et al.
Published: June 2023

Most of the time, a patient chooses a doctor or hospital based on their reputation. Patients have two main anticipations of medical individuals and organizations: first, that they'll treat them with utmost skill and knowledge, and second, that they won't hurt them through inattention, recklessness, or recklessness. Even if a doctor can't save a persons life, he still has a duty to do what's best for the person who put their trust in him by going to the doctor. Because of this, a doctor has to do the right research or ask the patient for a report. Also, he doesn't do any major therapy, surgery, or invasive study on a patient without getting their permission first, unless it's an emergency. If a physician or healthcare facility doesn't do this, they could be charged with negligence. Tort law says that a civil wrong (right in rem) is a violation of a duty that leads to a court stepping in and awarding damages. This is different from a signed contract (right in personam). So, being able to get medical care from professionals is a basic human right. Knowingly giving permission, paying a fee, and getting surgery, treatment, etc. gives the relationship the look of a contract, but important parts of tort are still there.
CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY RELATED TO THE BUSINESS JUDGMENT RULE DOCTRINE
Authors: ILHAM, SYAMSUL BACHRI, MARTHEN ARIE, NUR AZISA
Published: June 2023

This article will explain Corporate Criminal Liability related to the Business Judgment Rule doctrine. There are 2 (two) fundamental questions that are the object of research, first: to what extent is Corporate Criminal Liability related to the Business Judgment Rule doctrine, second: to what extent is the Business Judgment Rule doctrine applied in Indonesia? This article uses normative research in the form of regulations, conceptual, comparative approaches, cases, and interviews. This study emphasizes the interpretation and construction of law to obtain several legal norms, conceptions, lists of regulations, and their implementation in real situations. This research shows that Corporate Criminal Liability is related to the Business Judgment Rule doctrine and the application of the Business Judgment Rule doctrine in Indonesia as in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, Article 97 paragraph (5) reads: Members of the Board of Directors cannot be held accountable for losses as referred to in paragraph (3) if it can prove: a. the loss is not due to his fault or negligence; b. has conducted management in good faith and prudence for the benefit and by the aims and objectives of the Company; c. does not have a conflict of interest, either directly or indirectly, for management actions that result in losses; and d. have taken action to prevent the loss from arising or continuing. Of the 4 (four) conditions outlined in the Law above, this is a requirement that must be met if the Business Judgment Rule doctrine is to be applied in Indonesia.
TRAVERSING THE LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF THE LOCAL GOVERNEMENT EXECUTIVES AND OFFICIALS
Authors: GILBERT EUTAQUIO
Published: June 2023

The focus of the article points on the three pillars that support good governance are an unshakeable moral basis, a commitment to openness in all dealings, and a code of conduct that emphasizes effectiveness in all actions. In this study, the descriptive approach was utilized to describe the socio-economic profiles of the executives of the Local Government Units as well as the leadership styles they employed. Interviews guided by a standardized survey questionnaire served as the medium for gathering the necessary information and data for analysis. According to the findings of the survey, these qualities include command responsibility, being easy to work with, being honest, having commitment and determination, and being able to make independent decisions. These are the characteristics that set an effective and efficient leader apart from other possible candidates for leadership positions. The characteristic of leadership that has the most impact on the choices voters make about candidates for public office. This suggests that the respondents are against graft and corruption being used in the process of providing the services to the customers.
BUDGET EXECUTION IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PROCESSES OF GOODS AND SERVICES OF A HIGHER POLYTECHNICAL SCHOOL. CHIMBORAZO, 2023
Authors: RAQUEL VIRGINIA COLCHA ORTIZ et al.
Published: June 2023

The development of the research focused on the design of a proposed plan for budget execution with a predictive impact that allows improving the processes of public procurement of goods and services in a Higher Polytechnic School of Chimborazo for the year 2023. Type of basic study and projective with a cross- sectional, non-experimental design, predictive and prospective scope, attending levels of knowledge of less descriptive and explanatory complexity, population of 80 surveyed employees. Budget Execution, Budget Certification and Applicable Regulations with scope at High level, while Obligations and Establishment of commitments with Medium or low levels. The risk factors for the Precontractual phase are the Budget item, Responsibility for execution and the Commitments for payments and, for the Contractual phase, the Budget Directive, Responsibility for execution and the Budget Reform. Global, are risk s of public procurement processes, Responsibility for execution and Budget reform. In this regard, a guide plan for the correct management of internal technical procedures at the Polytechnic School of Chimborazo was presented to ensure public procurement associated with goods and services.
INTERNATIONAL WATER LAWS AND THEIR POTENTIAL TO ACHIEVE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF THE INDUS BASIN
Authors: BUSHRA BIBI, KE JIAN, ABID HUSSAIN, AAMIR SOHAIL
Published: June 2023

This article examines the legal framework governing water management in the Indus basin and identifies its gaps and limitations. The author suggests that adopting international water laws, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, could provide a more comprehensive and impartial legal structure for managing water resources in the region. Additionally, the author argues that implementing an integrated management approach involving India and Pakistan could create a favourable opportunity for sustainable development based on limited territorial sovereignty, consultation, notification, and information exchange principles. Overall, the article proposes solutions to the legal challenges of managing water resources in the Indus Basin, intending to achieve sustainable development and equitable utilization of water resources while minimizing conflicts between the two riparian states.
THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE STRATEGY AND ORGANIZATIONAL SLACK ON CORPORATE PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
Authors: MUHAMMAD SIDDIQUE, ABDUL RASHEED, WALEED KHALID
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the impact of organizational slack on the relationship between firm performance and Miles and Snow's (1978) typology. We examine a sample of 274 non-financial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange between 2006 and 2021 using panel data. In order to control auto correlation and endogeneity issues, the generalized method of moments estimation (GMM) is used to get the results. Our findings demonstrate that available or potential organizational slack strengthens the already-existing positive association between prospector, analyzer, and defender strategies and a firm's financial performance, whereas recoverable slack weakens the relationship. After taking into account endogeneity, and serial correlation, the results are robust. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge on existential dilemmas relating to the use of slack resources in the company and outline the theoretical and empirical implications of Miles and Snow's typologies.
THE UN GLOBAL WATER CONVENTIONS AND RIVERINE PLASTIC REGULATION: THE ROLE OF ASIAN STATES
Authors: ABID HUSSAIN et al.
Published: June 2023

Research shows that ten major river systems transport a significant percentage of plastics into the oceans and seas, most of which have their source in Asia. Interestingly, none except one of the States from which these river systems originate or traverse are Party to the UN global water conventions. This paper, therefore, explores reasons why these States have been slow to join or are not Party to these Conventions, and the potential impacts they could have if they were. The paper concludes that the role of Asian States is critical to implementing the UN global water conventions, as well as, to any future multilateral environmental agreements, such as the soon-to-be-negotiated global plastic treaty. It also argues that the proposed plastic treaty will have a crucial relationship with the UN global water conventions because of the number of plastics churned out into the marine environment by key river systems in Asia.
REPORTING OF INDO-PAK CONFLICTS IN ELITE PRESS: A PEACE JOURNALISM APPROACH
Authors: HASEEBUR REHMAN WARRICH, MAHBOOB ALI, SHABIR HUSSAIN
Published: June 2023

In this study, the researchers have contently analyzed the prevalence of war and peace journalism in the elite press of India, Pakistan and UK on the reporting on three war and three peace events in the past twenty years between India and Pakistan. The data was obtained through lexis-nexus database. The total number of stories in the final sample was 3889. The researchers found that selected press mainly reported the six events through war journalism approach. Interestingly, the three warring events got more war journalism stories as compared to the peace events. Unlike the existing literature, the researchers found the peace events were also reported in war journalism approach. The economic CBMs on the other hand got equal distribution of war and peace journalism. The researcher found that those peace events that occur in highly politicized and elitist environments are also reported in war journalism approach. The study concludes that the nature of war and peace journalism approach is linked with the nature of an event. If an event involves a direct confrontation between rival groups, the national media is bound to produce more war journalism. If the level of intensity of a conflict decreases, opportunity for peace journalism increases.
THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL SKILLS ON ACADEMIC COMPETENCIES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: RANI GUL, SADIA BATOOL, SHAISTA IRSHAD KHAN, FAKHRA JABEEN
Published: June 2023

The purpose of the study was to find out the level of students’ social skills and academic competencies among undergraduate studentsat the department of Law and Journalism at BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan. Using two different questionnaires, data on the questionnaires were collected from a sample of 100 students. t-test and correlation tests results found that the perceptions of the students in terms of their social skills and academic competencies were the same, and the correlation values also predicted that social skills havea positive and significant effect on students’ academic competencies. The study suggested providing faculty and staff professional development to ensure comprehensive training of undergraduate students with educational quality, which allow the student to be a successful person in every aspect. The study also suggested that educational institutions should provide timely and adequate attention to give necessary importance to the social skills of students, provide them lectures, seminars,suitable environments and facilities for indoor and outdoor physical activities, andincrease field trips.
IMPACTS OF INCARCERATION ON WOMEN PRISONERS IN PREVIEW OF STATUTORY AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY IN PAKISTAN
Authors: TABINDA RANI, HAMIDA BIBI, ZARMINA BALOCH
Published: June 2023

The present study is an endeavor to assess living conditions of women inmates within the uncolored walls of prisons generally and to explore various impacts of incarceration on them. The impacts of incarceration, in accordance with thematic analysis of this study mainly classified into physical, psychological, economics and social. There, however explored few more impacts in general as well. The study is proceeded using a qualitative approach, applying interview protocol to such official, who are serving in different institutions of criminal justice system of Pakistan e.g., session judges, magistrates, Prosecutors, Lady  superintendent jails, Commandant Prison Staff Training Academy, criminal psychologists serving in prisons and other professionals from universities having experience and interest in the area criminology. study ascertain the possible impacts of incarceration through analysis of data and at the same  concluded with considerable recommendations that may be implemented as step to overcome such  tenacious and crucial impacts of incarceration.
SOLUTION TO THE CONGESTION OF URBAN PUBLIC PARKING IN ECUADOR
Authors: GUSTAVO JAVIER AGUILAR MIRANDA et al.
Published: June 2023

An administrative approach is designed to solve the congestion of urban rotating public parking in Ecuadorian cities, mediating a case study that demonstrates its feasibility of implementation from the administrative, organizational, and financial aspects. The absence of designs, projects and proposals related to the problem of vehicular growth and congestion in Ecuadorian cities, together with the obsolescence of current ordinances at the national level, implies a critical problem. The current situation of the case study is described and detailed, proposing to incorporate computer tools associated with the geographic information system, as well as the adoption of information and communication technologies. The new approach to guidelines for a new ordinance and application that improves the interaction between users and workers is added. The research, of a non-experimental nature, declares exploratory, explanatory, documentary, case study and projective types. It is declared as a feasible project and scientific methods of analysis of information sources, experts, and deductive, inductive, empirical, mathematical statistics are appealed to. It is concluded that the proposal enjoys the relevance and feasibility to be applied in Ecuadorian cities that use the urban public parking system.
TRIPLE IMPACT MANAGEMENT: DECRYPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CHILEAN REALITY
Authors: PAULINA CEBALLOS-GARRIDO, ÁLVARO ACUÑA-HORMAZABAL
Published: June 2023

society recognizes the relevance of companies and demands them increasingly commitment beyond the achievement of economic benefits, also the generation of positive environmental and social impacts. From these demands, the so-called B companies are born, aninternational movement that is gaining more and more strength worldwide. This study reviews the characteristics of the 205 Chilean companies certified as B, to serve as input for further research and taking public and private decisionsin this regard. Generally speaking, there are economic sectors of the country that are notoriously lagging behind in terms of the number of certifications.
WAQF IN MEDIEVAL ISLAM: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: MOHD ZAKHIRI MD NOR, ANI MUNIRAH MOHAMAD
Published: June 2023

Waqf terminology was not found indirectly in the Al-Quran. However, sadaqah is often associated with waqf, which refers to religious endowments, since Prophet Muhammad emphasised that Muslim deeds can be contributed continuously to receive reward from Allah. The key reason for the idea of waqf was to restore the roots to nature for the sake of Allah, which in this sense meant to support the poor and vulnerable people in society. The aim of this paper is to look at the practise of waqf in mediaeval Islam and the position of cash waqf. In this article adopted the qualitative and content analysis method. This paper was successful in describing waqf, which is a structure distinct from Islamic states and other states in medieval Islam, and cash waqf was permitted during the Ottoman era. This paper is noteworthy because it demonstrated the popularity of the waqf paradigm in medieval Islam. Waqf clearly benefited the whole community.
THE MEANING AND FUNCTION OF KLITIKAN SINTOK MOTIFS IN CYNTOK BHATIK
Authors: JATI WIDAGDO, ADZROOL IDZWAN ISMAIL, ASMIDAH ALWI
Published: June 2023

Batik is a work of art of the Indonesian people whereby its beauty is known to the world. Regarded as traditional craftmanship, the design and manufacturing process requires high creativity. Realizing its potential, attention has been given into the establishment of batik as an artistic product as well as to signify the embellishment of its motifs towards commercialization. This paper discusses about Cyntok Batik, a newly established batik designs inspired by a place named Sintok within the state of Kedah. Cyntok batik reflects the creativity of the designers that blends together the socio-cultural and natural identity to create a typical regional batik. The batik design with the name "Klitikan Sintok" is one of the works of batik art developed based on typical fauna found in Sintok, Kedah particularly. The motif was inspired by native crops within Sintok vicinity, namely Sintok staples and bougainvillea flowers. the investigation of the significance and purpose of the batik design work "Klitikan Sintok" aims to determine the meaning and function content of the work. "Klitikan sintok" batik design contains the functional values with embedded meaning in the composition of the motifs and conformity with the characteristics of Kedah, as well as the content of its philosophical meaning.
REGULATING ONLINE NEWS PORTALS IN THE ERA OF IR 4.0 – SHOULD MALAYSIA CONSIDER SELF-REGULATION?
Authors: N. ISMAIL NAWANG, A. MUSTAFFA, A. M. T. MOHAMED
Published: June 2023

Globally, all activities and industries have been affected by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0), which is ascribed to the fusion of the physical, digital, and biological worlds. Whether they are in printed or digital form, the media business must embrace the new revolution and is not an exception. Since they were already well-established in the electronic environment before the introduction of I.R. 4.0, online news portals are presently leading the way compared to print media. In addition, their operators are not currently required to hold a license authorization (individuals or class) under the Communications and Multimedia Act of 1998 or a publishing permit under the Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984, which both govern the operation of printing presses and publications. In order to ascertain why the current legal frameworks do not apply to online news websites, the study will employ qualitative research by analyzing the extant statutory laws governing the print media, the new convergent communications and multimedia, as well as secondary sources. Additionally, it will examine the self-regulatory framework established by the Multimedia and Communications Content Forum as well as the possibility of employing self-regulation to control print media and perhaps even online news portals. In conclusion, it is proposed that the self-regulatory style could be used to best cover the gap in the country's regulation of online news portals and other websites. With the creation of the proposed media council, which employs the same self-regulatory style to oversee all media industries in Malaysia, the same regulatory framework might be broadened as well to conventional coverage.
THE CONSTRUCTIVE ROLE OF MALAYSIA AS A NON-PERMANENT MEMBER OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL (UNSC) IN THE QUESTION OF PALESTINE (QOP)
Authors: MAS JULIANA MUKHTARUDDIN, MISRINAH MISBAN
Published: June 2023

Malaysia as a small country and member of the United Nations (UN) has contributed a great deal of assistance and expertise to the international community. Even more serious when Malaysia has been elected as a non-permanent member of UNSC in four interval terms (1965, 1989-1990, 1999-2000 and 2015-16). Many peacekeeping activities that Malaysia involved under the UN umbrella such as in Kosovo War, East Timor Crisis, and also in African conflicting countries. However, the Question of Palestine (QOP) is close to Malaysia, since Independence Day. Moreover, Malaysia has consistently voiced the Palestinian issues on the UN General Assembly (UNGA) and UNSC platforms. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Malaysia’s role as a non-permanent member of the UNSC in resolving the QOP. Undoubtedly, Malaysia as a non-permanent member of the UNSC has demonstrated its effort and capability to alarm the international community in response to the QOP.
MODERN TRENDS TO COMBAT AGAINST CYBERCRIME
Authors: MUS’AB TURKI IBRAHIM NASSAR
Published: June 2023

Cybercrime is an important challenge faced by specialists in international and criminal law, because of the difficulty in determining their nature and elements, and the consequent criminal, civil, or international responsibility, as some states resort to them to have dominance over the armed conflict issue, or to pose political or military threats. The researcher indicated the difficulty to include cyber crimes in the current international legal framework due to their nature and the absence of a formal and final legal declaration agreed on. The researcher recommends the establishment of public-private sectors partnerships, at multi levels to fight cybercrime, as they are transnational crimes.
LEGAL ASPECTS AND EFFECT WORK FAMILY CONFLICT, JOB INSECURITY, AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON TURNOVER INTENTION
Authors: AHMAD SYARIEF ISKANDAR, RAHMAT
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between legal aspects, work-family conflict, job insecurity, transformational leadership style, and turnover intention..

Theoretical framework: The role theory proposed by Khan et al. (1964) emphasizes the individual's social role and how it effects his conduct in the workplace and society.

Design/methodology/approach: This investigation is quantitative in nature. The subjects of this study were 200 SME employees in Palopo City who were selected using a procedure of random sampling. Through social media, online questionnaires with a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 were distributed to collect data. The study employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), whereas SmartPLS 3.0 was used for data processing.

Findings:  Legal aspects play a crucial role in determining the level of work-family conflict, job insecurity, transformational leadership style, and turnover intention in an organization. For instance, laws and regulations pertaining to employment contracts, compensation, benefits, and job security can directly impact an employee's level of job satisfaction and intention to leave their job. Additionally, legal requirements such as mandatory leave and flexible working arrangements can reduce work-family conflict and enhance employee well-being. Moreover, legal frameworks for leadership development and training can foster transformational leadership styles that have been shown to decrease turnover intention among employees. Therefore, understanding the legal aspects that impact the workforce can help organizations develop effective policies and practices that address work-family conflict, job insecurity, and leadership style, and ultimately reduce turnover intention among their employees.

Research,  Practical  &  Social  implications: Legal aspects are crucial for the development and success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. Compliance with employment laws and regulations, such as those related to labor rights, employee benefits, and job security, can help SMEs to attract and retain skilled and talented employees. Moreover, transformational leadership styles, which have been shown to enhance employee engagement and job satisfaction, can be developed and nurtured through legal frameworks such as leadership training programs. By understanding and complying with legal aspects and providing effective leadership training, SMEs in Indonesia can improve their employee productivity, foster innovation and growth, and ultimately contribute to the economic development of both the organization and the country as a whole.

Originality/value: This study explores the relationship between family conflict, Job Insecurity, and Transformational Leadership Style on turnover intention, and psychological attachment that has not been explored theoretically and tested empirically in the Indonesian context.
LEGISLATIVE GUARDIANSHIP OVER THE CONTRACT (COMPARATIVE STUDY)
Authors: ABDULMAHDI KADHIM NASER, HAIDER SALAH GATEA
Published: June 2023

LEGISLATIVE GUARDIANSHIP OVER THE CONTRACT (COMPARATIVE STUDY)
JUDICIAL GUARDIANSHIP OVER THE CONTRACT (COMPARATIVE STUDY)
Authors: ABDULMAHDI KADHIM NASER, HAIDER SALAH GATEA
Published: June 2023

JUDICIAL GUARDIANSHIP OVER THE CONTRACT (COMPARATIVE STUDY)
SUPPLY CHAIN DISPUTE RESOLUTION THROUGH ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR) MECHANISM (VIZ, ARBITRATION, MEDIATION, CONCILIATION, AND NEGOTIATION) IN INDIA.
Authors: VIKASH KUMAR
Published: June 2023

Generally, encountering conflicts/disputes in Supply Chain (value chain/network) Management (SCM) are unavoidable/inevitable owing to the contractual complexities and empirical eventualities (including incidental contingencies) and their efficient resolution through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanism (viz, Arbitration, Mediation, Conciliation, and Negotiation) in India is ubiquitous across all the Industries/Sectors. The alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods and mechanism (viz, Arbitration, Mediation, Conciliation, and Negotiation) are always preferred to conventional Court-Litigation in business world owing to the impregnated propitious proposition with the ADR techniques. However, arbitration and mediation are the most preferred ADR techniques for supply chain dispute resolution not only in India but also in the World. In India, the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (including amendments in 2015, 2019, and 2021) has been enacted to entrust necessary governing framework for dispute resolution through Arbitration and Conciliation mechanism or techniques of ADR across the business landscape including Supply Chain.

This study primarily endeavours to elucidate the fundamental framework of ADR methods and mechanism efficacy vis-à-vis the empirical framework of Supply Chain (value chain/network) dispute resolution in India.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTENTION TO USE CRYPTOCURRENCY AS A MEDIUM OF EXCHANGE
Authors: K. R. RAMPRAKASH, KISHORE KUNAL, C. JOE ARUN,  M. J. XAVIER
Published: June 2023

This study explores the factors affecting the adoption of cryptocurrency for digital payments. The data were collected from 711 respondents who are cryptocurrency investors, using a well-structured questionnaire. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique and SPSS is used to analyze the data. The findings of the study showed, the intention to use cryptocurrency as money is currently lower even among people who are invested in cryptocurrency. The main reason for this lower level of adoption is the perceived threat that cryptocurrency may become illegal in the near future. This study offers ways in which we can increase the social acceptance of cryptocurrency for digital payments.