bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the kinetics of tomato storage quality under water and fertilizer coupling
Authors: Yang Yanchao , Tan Zhanming , Cheng Yunxia , Yang Liyu , He Tao , Liang Shuang , Wang Yongming , Ma Xing , Song Yinqiang
Published: October 2024

In order to make full use of the yellow sand resources in Xinjiang, China, under the mixed substrate cultivation mode with the volume ratio of yellow sand to slag of 5:3, in order to improve the yield and storage quality of tomato, provide optimized water and fertilizer management scheme, and explore the dynamic changes of water and fertilizer coupling on the quality of Tomato during storage, a dynamic model of tomato fruit quality under 4 ℃ storage was established.The tomato variety 'Qinshulingyue' was used as the experimental material. Irrigation amount, nitrogen application amount, phosphorus application amount, and potassium application amount were considered as factors, and a half of the four-element quadratic general rotary combination design (20 treatments) was employed. The tomato fruits were stored at 4°C for 28 days, with samples collected every 7 days to assess the quality of the fruits and analyze the effect of water and fertilizer coupling on tomato storage quality. Pearson correlation analysis and a combined evaluation method were used to comprehensively evaluate the indicators, and a response model was constructed to establish the relationship between the comprehensive score of tomatoes and the four factor levels.The results indicated that the reasonable ratio of water and fertilizer could enhance the quality of tomatoes, while excessive or inadequate water and fertilizer parameters could reduce the fruit quality. The changes in tomato hardness, soluble sugar, lycopene, and vitamin C content during storage were consistent with the first-order kinetic equation. Through a comprehensive analysis of tomato quality index (TQI), an irrigation amount of 602 mm/hm2, nitrogen application rate of 570 kg/hm2, phosphorus application rate of 70 kg/hm2, and potassium application rate of 738 kg/hm2 under water and fertilizer coupling could effectively improve the fruit quality of stored tomatoes, and the equation fitting degree and storage resistance were also satisfactory.
Causal effects of lung function on brain cortical structure and subcortical structure: a two-sample univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Shao Naiyuan , You Hongtao , Huang Chaojuan , Feng Xingliang , Fan Ligang , Zhang Yuyang
Published: October 2024

Background
Lung function has been increasingly linked to overall health, including brain health, prompting the investigation into the causal relationships between lung function and brain structures. This study employs Mendelian Randomization (MR) to explore these causal relationships, leveraging genetic variants as proxies to predict the effects of lung function on brain cortical and subcortical structures.
Methods
We conducted univariate and multivariable MR analyses using GWAS summary statistics for lung function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC) and brain structures from the UK Biobank and ENIGMA consortium. Our analyses included five MR methods—IVW, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode—to ensure robust causal inference. Multivariable MR (MVMR) analyses were performed to adjust for potential confounders like smoking and education. Sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the stability of our results, and we applied FDR correction for multiple comparisons.
Results
The univariate MR analysis revealed significant associations between lung function and brain structures. Higher FEV1 was associated with increased global cortical volume (β = 4428.037, SE = 610.453, p < 0.0001) and supramarginal thickness (β = 43.613, SE = 13.218, p = 0.001). FVC was similarly associated with increased global cortical volume (β = 3650.674, SE = 576.736, p < 0.0001) and parsopercularis thickness (β = 0.013, SE = 0.003, p < 0.0001). Multivariable MR confirmed these associations, even after adjusting for smoking and education. Significant associations persisted in subcortical regions, with higher FEV1 and FVC linked to increased brainstem volume (FEV1: β = 0.226, SE = 0.049, p < 0.0001; FVC: β = 0.203, SE = 0.044, p < 0.0001) and amygdala volume for FEV1/FVC (β = 0.075, SE = 0.025, p = 0.003). Sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses indicated no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, confirming the robustness of the results.
Conclusion
Our study provides robust evidence of a causal relationship between lung function and brain structure, emphasizing the protective effects of better respiratory health on brain integrity. However, the reliance on European GWAS data limits generalizability, and some associations did not survive stringent correction. Future research should incorporate diverse populations and explore underlying mechanisms to validate and extend these findings.
Morphological and metabolic changes in Changshan Huyou (Citrus aurantium) following natural tetraploidization
Authors: Huang Peiru , Xu Tianyu , Wang Gang , Zhang Lin , Yao Ying , Zhang Min , Zhang Chi
Published: October 2024

Background
Polyploids in citrus are generally used to improve crop varieties. Changshan Huyou (Citrus aurantium) is a native citrus species in China that is highly adaptable and has pharmaceutical value. However, the influence in Changshan Huyou following polyploidization remains unclear. Here we evaluated the phenotypic variations and metabolic alterations following autotetraploidization of Changshan Huyou seedlings and fruits and analyzed the associated transcriptomic changes.
Result
The tetraploid seedlings had rounder and thicker leaves, larger floral organs and fruits, and satisfactory viability of pollen grains and ovules. The tetraploid fruits accumulated lower levels of soluble solids but similar levels of organic acids. Metabolic profiling of three tissues of fruits revealed that most of 2064 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including flavonoids, lignans, and coumarins, were downregulated. In contrast, the upregulated DAMs mainly included alkaloids (clausine K and 2-(1-pentenyl)quinoline), amino acids (L-asparagine and L-ornithine), and terpenoids (deacetylnomilin and evodol) in tetraploid peels, as well as, flavonoids (neohesperidin and quercetin-5-O-β-D-glucoside) and organic acids (2-methylsuccinic acid and dimethylmalonic acid) in juice sacs. The upregulated genes were associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and the biosynthesis of various alkaloid pathways. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the upregulated genes that encoded peroxidase and cytochrome P450 were closely related to a higher accumulation of amino acids and alkaloids in tetraploid peels, and neohesperidin and quercetin glucoside were increased by ferulate-5-hydroxylase, CYP450 81Q32, flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase, 4-coumarate–CoA ligase 1, and UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase, as well as, some transcription factors in tetraploid juice sacs.
Conclusion
The tetraploid Changshan Huyou investigated here may be used in breeding triploid citrus, especially to produce seedless varieties, and for pharmaceutical purposes in fruit processing, as they influence metabolites following polyploidization.
Nanomolar inhibitor of the galectin-8 N-terminal domain binds via a non-canonical cation-π interaction
Authors: Anderluh Marko , Purić Edvin , Hassan Mujtaba , Sjövall Fredrik , Tomasic Tihomir , Pevec Mojca , Lah Jurij , Forteza Jaume , Leffler Hakon , Nilsson Ulf , Logan Derek T
Published: October 2024

We have developed a library of galectin-8N inhibitors that exhibit high nanomolar Kd values as determined by a competitive fluorescence polarization assay. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of the binding of d-galactosides to galectin-8N by isothermal titration calorimetry reveals important differences in enthalpic and/or entropic contributions to binding. Contrary to expectations, the binding of 2-O-propargyl-d-galactoside was found to strongly increase the binding enthalpy, whereas the binding of 2-O-carboxymethylene-d-galactoside was surprisingly less enthalpy-driven. The results of our work suggest that the ethynyl group can successfully replace the carboxylate group when targeting the water-exposed guanidine moiety of a critical arginine residue, with a minor loss of affinity and an adjusted enthalpic contribution to the overall binding due to non-canonical cation-π interactions, as evidenced by the obtained crystal structure of 2-O-propargyl-d-galactoside in complex with the N-terminal domain of galectin-8. To the best of our knowledge, such an interaction has neither been identified nor discussed to date.
Prevalence of online food delivery platforms, meal kit delivery, and online grocery
use in five countries: an analysis of the 2022 International Food Policy Study
Authors: Bennett Rebecca , Donso Clara Gomez , Zorbas Christina , Sacks Gary , White Christine , Hammond David , Gupta Adyya , Cameron Adrian , Vanderlee Lana , Contreras-Manzano Alejandra , Backholer Kathryn
Published: October 2024

Background: Online food retail is increasing in popularity, with user-friendly apps, new delivery models, and the influence of COVID-19 lockdowns changing consumer expectations. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of online food retail platform use (defined as online food delivery platforms, online grocery retailers, and online meal kit delivery services) across Australia, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom and the United States. We also assessed the associations between sociodemographic and behavioural factors and use of online food retail.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey with adults as part of the 2022 International Food Policy Survey (n=19 877). We described the frequency of use and number of meals ordered using different online food retail and delivery platforms. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess associations between the use of online food retail and delivery platforms, and sociodemographic and behavioural factors (including age, sex, household composition, BMI, income adequacy, ethnicity, cooking skills, nutrition knowledge, and frequency of food preparation). All estimates were weighted to age and sex-specific national populations.
Results: Overall, 58% of participants used online retail and delivery platforms. Of these, 36% of participants used online restaurants and 28% used online supermarkets, in the previous 30 days. The odds of using online restaurants was significantly higher for men (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14 -1.33) and participants aged 18-29 (compared to those 60 years or older)(OR: 6.10, 95% CI: 5.34 – 7.00). Participants aged 18-29 also had the highest odds of using online convenience stores (OR: 7.51, 95% CI: 5.71 – 9.88). Participants living with primary school aged children had higher odds of using online supermarkets compared to those without children (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 2.22 – 2.94).
​Conclusions: A substantial proportion of people are buying food online. Efforts to improve population diets need to ensure that online food retail platforms support good health and nutrition.
The Effect of Production Systems on Performance and Yield of Selected Plantation Crops in Homestead Agroforestry Practices
Authors: Bogale Daba , Getachew Goremsu , Gebretsadik Wondwossen
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the impact of production systems on the growth, yield, and soil characteristics of avocado and citrus trees within homestead agroforestry practices in Dikicha, Habro woreda, Ethiopia. Conducted from June 2019, the research employed a replicated block design with control plots (pure stands of avocado and citrus) and treatment plots (Plantation Crop Combination Agroforestry Practice). Each plot contained nine fruit tree seedlings, replicated across three homesteads. Plantation Crop Combination Agroforestry Practice plots integrated coffee alongside the fruit trees. Tree growth was monitored by measuring height and diameter at breast height every six months. Soil samples were collected at three depths (0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm) and analyzed for pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity. Agronomic data, including yields of other crops, were recorded annually. Results showed that tree growth in Plantation Crop Combination Agroforestry Practice plots significantly exceeded pure stands after 42 months for avocado and 36 months for citrus, likely due to competition for sunlight. While pure stands had higher yields for avocado and citrus, Plantation Crop Combination Agroforestry Practice plots demonstrated more diverse and higher overall farm outputs, including coffee, maize, potato, and papaya. Soil analyses revealed no significant differences in most soil parameters between the two systems. The study implies that Plantation Crop Combination Agroforestry Practice despite lower individual fruit yields, enhances overall farm productivity and diversity, making it a viable option for sustainable agricultural practices in the region.
Local investigation into the role of Culicoides species diversity (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in recurrent horse dermatitis cases in southwest France
Authors: Prudhomme Jorian , Bardet Clara , Rakotoarivony Ignace , Garros Claire , Bouhsira Émilie , Lienard Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Background. Insect bite hypersensitivity in horses (“sweet itch”) is the most common pruritic, chronic, seasonal, and recurrent dermatitis resulting from an allergic reaction in horses to the saliva of Diptera: Nematocera, primarily from the Culicoides genus. This dermatitis affects 10% of horses in France and is a major concern for the horse industry and private owners. Given the frequent occurrence of this health problem and the limited investigation in France, we conducted a field survey in the vicinity of a riding stable in south-western France with a reported chronic case of recurrent horse dermatitis to (i) characterize the Culicoides species associated with horse populations (hippophilic species) and (ii) estimate the relative abundance of the different species identified based on the trapping site location.
Methods. For this purpose, three OVI traps were set up for one night once a week, from mid-June to the end of July 2022, the known peak activity period. Traps were placed either indoors or outdoors at horse facilities.
Results. Twelve species were morphologically identified. Culicoides obsoletus and C. scoticus were predominant at all trapping sites. Culicoides circumscriptusand C. nubeculosus were the second most common species found, followed by C. punctatus, C. festivipennis, and C. pulicaris. Importantly, certain species (C. obsoletus / C. scoticus and C. circumscriptus) were found in significant quantities indoors.
Conclusions. The presence of these insects indoors in substantial numbers raises questions about the main prevention recommendation, which advises stabling horses from the end of the afternoon until the next morning.
The extracytoplasmic sigma factor SigX supports biofilm formation and increases biocontrol efficacy in Bacillus velezensis 118
Authors: Cai Yanfei , Tao Huan , Pi Hualiang , Helmann John
Published: October 2024

Utilizing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to combat pathogens and enhance crop production is an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach. The biocontrol activity of PGPR depends on their ability to colonize plant roots and synthesize antimicrobial compounds that inhibit pathogens. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. In this study, we isolated and characterized Bacillus velezensis isolate 118, a soil isolate that exhibits potent biocontrol activity against Fusarium wilt of banana. Deletion of sigX, an extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor previously implicated in controlling biofilm architecture in B. subtilis, reduced biocontrol efficacy. The B. velezensis 118 sigXmutant displayed reduced biofilm formation but had only a minor defect in swarming motility and a negligible impact on lipopeptide production. These findings highlight the importance of regulatory processes important for root colonization in the effectiveness of Bacillus spp. as biocontrol agents against phytopathogens.
Predictors of smartphone addiction in adolescents with depression: combing the machine learning and moderated mediation model approach
Authors: Zhou Yongjie , Pei Chenran , Yin Hailong , Zhu Rongting , Yan Nan , Wang Lan , Zhang Xuankun , Lan Tian , Li Junchang , Zeng Lingyun , Huo Lijuan
Published: October 2024

Smartphone addiction (SA) significantly impacts the physical and mental health of adolescents, and can further exacerbate existing mental health issues in those with depression. However, fewer studies have focused on the predictors of SA in adolescents with depression. This study employs machine learning methods to identify key risk factors for SA and utilizes the Interpretable SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to enhance model interpretability and assess the importance of each risk factor. Additionally, by constructing a mediation moderation model, the interactions between significant risk factors is analyzed. The study included 2,203 adolescents with depression. Machine learning results from three models (random forest, logistic regression, and decision tree) consistently identified emotion-focused coping, rumination, and school bullying as the strongest predictors of SA. Further mediation moderation analyses based on the Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model revealed that rumination significantly mediated the relationship between school bullying and SA, and emotion-focused coping significantly moderated the relationships between school bullying and both rumination and SA. This is the first study to use machine learning to explore the predictors of SA in depressive adolescents and further analyze the interactions among these predictors. Future interventions for SA in adolescents with depression may benefit from psychotherapy that addresses emotion-focused coping and rumination.
The Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Ptosis Surgery: A Report of 260 Cases
Authors: Arazi Mattan , Kaplan Eitan , Simon Guy Ben , Rosner Mordechai , Sagiv Oded , Priel Ayelet , Landau-Prat Daphna , Zloto Ofira
Published: October 2024

Background
Blepharoptosis can be cosmetically distressing and obstruct upper visual fields. We aimed to examine the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative characteristics of various ptosis repair surgeries at a major referral center
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients > 18 years of age who underwent ptosis repair surgery between February 2009 and December 2021 at a tertiary center. Congenital cases were excluded. Sub-analysis by ptosis type, surgical technique, and anterior vs. posterior approach surgery was performed. Main outcome measures included residual ptosis defined as Margin-to-Reflex Distance 1 < 2.5 mm at last follow-up, as well as clinically significant residual ptosis requiring re-do surgery.
Results
A total of 260 patients were included, with mean follow up of 259 ± 30 days (28–3771 days). Main indication for ptosis surgery was aponeurotic (222 patients). 164 (63.1%) patients underwent Müller's Muscle-Conjunctival Resection, 51 (19.6%) Fasanella-Servant, 35 underwent External Levator Advancement (13.5%), and 10 (3.8%) Frontalis-Sling suspension. Post-op residual ptosis and need for correction was seen in 66 eyes (25.4%) and 48 eyes (18.5%), respectively; however, differences were not significant between groups when analyzing by ptosis type (p ≥ 0.116), surgery type (p ≥ 0.444) and anatomical approach (p = 0.835).
Conclusions
No significant differences in residual ptosis, as well as referral for re-do surgery were shown between groups when analyzed by ptosis type, surgical choice, as well as anterior vs. posterior approach surgery. Ptosis corrective surgery can be completed using a variety of techniques with good success given that the correct surgical candidate and surgery are chosen.
Associations between exposure to digital food marketing and food consumption in adolescence: A cross-sectional study in an emerging country
Authors: Ares Gastón , Antúnez Lucía , Alcaire Florencia , Natero Virginia , Gugliucci Vanessa , Machín Leandro , León Carolina , Otterbring Tobias
Published: October 2024

Background
Evidence regarding the link between digital food marketing and eating habits is lacking in the majority world, i.e., the world regions where most people live. This study sought to investigate i) self-reported exposure to digital food marketing, ii) associations between such exposure and socio-demographic characteristics, and iii) associations between said exposure and food consumption frequency among adolescents in a Latin American country (Uruguay).
Methods
A sample of adolescents in grades 1–6 attending 29 public and 10 private high schools (n = 1542) was obtained through a cross-sectional survey using a stratified, two-stage cluster probability-based sampling approach. Participants filled out closed and open-ended questions about exposure to digital food marketing, food consumption frequency, social media usage, and socio-demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regressions.
Results
Almost 90% of participants reported having seen a food and beverage advertisement on digital media in the week prior to the survey, with more than 70% of participants recalling advertisements of fast food, soft drinks, and savory snacks. Age, socio-economic status, or total social media use did not predict exposure frequency of digital food marketing but females (vs. males) reported higher exposure. Exposure to advertisements of fast food or ultra-processed products on social media or websites and total social media use typically predicted higher reported consumption frequency of such categories. However, exposure to digital food marketing did not predict consumption frequency of fruits, vegetables, meats, or fish, although total social media use predicted lower consumption frequency of fruits and vegetables.
Conclusions
Mere exposure to digital food marketing and total social media use were associated with higher consumption frequency of ultra-processed products. These findings underscore the need to reduce adolescent exposure to digital food marketing featuring unhealthy foods, possibly through mandatory policies including total bans of certain foods in such marketing.
Attribute risk burden and prediction analysis of cervical cancer under different sociodemographic transitions worldwide from 1990 to 2034
Authors: Hu Jie , Wang Yajie , Cai Zhengrong
Published: October 2024

Background
Cervical cancer is one of the four most prevalent cancers in women, posing a serious threat to women's health worldwide. In view of this, we aimed to investigate epidemiologic changes in the global burden of cervical cancer attributed to unsafe sex and smoking, respectively, and the relationship with social demographic index (SDI).
Methods
The data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Quantile regression and restricted cubic spline were employed to explore the relationship between age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) or age-standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Years rate (ASDR) of cervical cancer and SDI under different risk factors. Additionally, we used the Nordpred model to predict the ASMR trends in five countries with different SDIs from 2020 to 2034.
Results
The global disease burden of cervical cancer was gradually decreasing. People aged 55–59 years and 95 + years had the highest age- specific incidence and mortality, respectively. The burden attributed to smoking showed an upward and then downward trend with increasing SDI, peaking at the SDI of 0.6, whereas the burden attributable to unsafe sex decreased as the SDI increased. The ASMR of cervical cancer around the world attributed to smoking and unsafe sex is projected to decrease to 0.58 and 6.39 per 100,000 by 2034, respectively. It is also predicted that the ASMR of cervical cancer attributed to smoking in China, and that attributed to unsafe sex in India and Argentina will increase in the future.
Conclusion
Unsafe sex is the main risk factor for cervical cancer, followed by smoking. People aged 55–59 years and over 95 years are the key protection groups for cervical cancer. Low SDI and middle-low SDI areas are the key prevention and control areas for cervical cancer. The projection suggests that China needs to strengthen rational control of smoking, and India and Argentina need to improve scientific prevention of unsafe sex.
Correlates of the number of children ever born to women in rural Ethiopia: Application of truncated generalized Poisson model with exposure
Authors: Gabreyohannes Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Background
Rapid population growth and high fertility rates in low-income countries adversely affect the provision of maternal and child healthcare services and are roadblocks to the achievement of sustainable development goals. A high fertility rate has serious health implications for both the mother and the children she bears, and thus, investigating the factors behind this phenomenon is of paramount importance.
Method
The data for this study were extracted from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS 2016). The response variable was the number of children ever born (NCEB) per woman in rural Ethiopia. This responsible variable was zero-truncated since only women who had at least one live birth at the time of the survey were considered. Data from a total of 6256 women were analyzed using a zero-truncated generalized Poisson model, which takes into account any type of dispersion and the truncated nature of the response variable simultaneously.
Results
The mean NCEB for reproductive-age women residing in rural areas of Ethiopia was found to be about 4.5. Factors that are associated with bearing more children include early age at first birth, number of deceased children in the family, low economic status of the household and land ownership. On the other hand, contraceptive use, women’s education and media exposure had a negative impact on the NCEB per woman. The results also revealed significant regional variation, with women in the Somali region registering the highest number of child births.
Conclusion
To curb high maternal fertility, interventions that selectively target regions with high child births (e.g., Somali), uneducated women and poorest women; awareness creation campaigns to combat early initiation of childbearing, particularly teenage pregnancies; unreserved efforts aimed at reducing child mortality; and promoting the use of birth control measures are recommended.
Mental Health Monitoring And Intervention Using Unsupervised Deep Learning On EEG Data
Authors: Yadulla Akhila Reddy , Sajja Guna Sekhar , Addula Santosh Reddy , Maturi Mohan Harish , Nadella Geeta Sandeep , Cruz Elyson De La , Meduri Karthik , Gonaygunta Hari
Published: October 2024

This study explores the analysis of EEG signal data for real-time mental health monitoring using advanced unsupervised deep learning models. Employing algorithms such as autoencoders, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), K-means clustering, and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM), this research aims to uncover patterns and biomarkers indicative of various mental health conditions. The study utilizes a comprehensive dataset comprising EEG signals from different brain regions, focusing on the extraction of significant features and the training of models to detect subtle yet crucial changes in brain activity. Our findings demonstrate enhanced capability for early detection of mental health issues, with improved predictive accuracy and potential for personalized therapy, underscoring a promising future for mental health care. Furthermore, the study rigorously addresses the ethical implications of using algorithmic approaches in healthcare, such as potential biases, patient privacy, and the welfare of individuals. By implementing these unsupervised deep learning models, our research offers compelling opportunities for the prevention, tailored intervention, and improved treatment outcomes in mental health care while also emphasizing the importance of navigating the ethical complexities to ensure responsible technology deployment for enhancing patient well-being and safety.
Commensal dysbiosis promotes the development of colorectal cancer liver metastasis via the CCL6/CCR1 axis
Authors: Li Zhongchao , Li Mingming , Yang Yue , Sun Zhicheng , Chang Zhibin , Chen Yunsong , Zhao Lei
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Gut microorganisms are involved in the occurrence and progression of various cancer types, including colorectal cancer. Several studies have indicated that the destruction of commensal homeostasis can promote tumor metastasis. The purpose of our study was to clarify the effect of gut commensal dysbiosis on the risk of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRLM) and its mechanisms.
Methods: We established a mouse model of CRLM with a background of commensal dysbiosis. Using this model, we studied the impact of commensal dysbiosis on CRLM.
Results: Commensal dysbiosis promotes the development of CRLM via the C-C chemokine ligand 6 (CCL6) and the C-C chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) axis. It was found that commensal dysbiosis altered the tumor microenvironment (TME) of the liver by recruiting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), notably M-2-like TAMs and promoted the growth of liver metastasis. The effect of promoting liver metastasis was achieved by upregulating the expression levels of CCL6 to drive CCR1+TAMs infiltration into the TME. It is important to note that inhibition of CCR1 expression can reduce CRLM.
Conclusion: Commensal dysbiosis could promotes the development of CRLM via CCL6/CCR1 signaling and represent an approach to prevent CRLM. The results of the current research study suggested that targeting this axis could be an effective method to inhibit the CRLM by regulating the TME.
FlareNet: A Feature Fusion Based Method for Fire Detection under Diverse Conditions
Authors: Yousaf Balal , Mirza Adeel Feroz , Irfan Muhammad , Mansoor Majad , Yang Zaiyue
Published: October 2024

Fire detection is crucial for safeguarding lives and property. In recent years, advancements in deep learning and Internet of Things (IoT) architectures have significantly enhanced the accuracy of fire and smoke detection systems. In this study, we introduce FlareNet, a feature fusion based deep learning model that leverages a DenseNet architecture combined with Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) and a Contextual Feature Pyramid Network (CFPN). FlareNet is further augmented with dual attention mechanisms and a Feature Enhancement Attention (FEA) mechanism to selectively emphasize critical features for distinguishing between fire and non-fire scenes. Our proposed model is rigorously evaluated across five diverse datasets: Sharma, Deep Quest, BoWFire, FD dataset, and our novel MixFire dataset, achieving an impressive average accuracy of 99.2%. A comparative evaluation against state-of-the-art (SOTA) algorithms reveals that FlareNet outperforms existing methods with a notable improvement in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, thereby setting a new benchmark in the domain of fire detection. Furthermore, A comprehensive analysis with baseline models such as VGG16, VGG19, ResNet18, MobileNetV2, and DenseNet is also presented. These advancements underscore FlareNet’s capability to enhance fire detection systems for a more sustainable environment. FlareNet code and MixFire dataset can be accessed by https://github.com/adeelferozmirza/FlareNet.
A data-driven approach to refine the partially stirred reactor closure for turbulent premixed flames
Authors: Piu Lorenzo , Péquin Arthur , Freitas Rodolfo S. M. , Iavarone Salvatore , Pitsch Heinz , Parente Alessandro
Published: October 2024

Accurately predicting turbulent combustion processes is fundamental for optimizing efficiency, reducing pollutant emissions, and ensuring operational safety in combustion systems. To this purpose, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are widely employed. In particular, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) balance prediction accuracy with computational efficiency by resolving only the most energy-containing scales of turbulence and rely on modeling the Turbulence-Chemistry Interactions (TCI) occurring at the smallest scales. Among the existing closures, the Partially Stirred Reactor (PaSR) model incorporates finite-rate chemistry and estimates a cell reacting fraction based on the local Damköhler number to account for the subfilter-scale TCI. Although widely validated in CFD computations, the PaSR model was found limited by the way it computes the cell reacting fraction. To tackle this point, our study proposes a Machine Learning (ML) enhanced Partially Stirred Reactor model for LES. A fully connected neural network is trained on Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data of turbulent premixed jet flames to compute a correction coefficient for the cell reacting fraction. Maintaining the original model shape, this ML-enhanced closure aims at bridging the gap between physics-based models and advanced data-driven techniques. The proposed formulation not only improves the prediction accuracy of quantities of interest such as the heat release rate but also features computational feasibility and generalisation capabilities over a large range of LES grid refinement. This demonstrates the significant potential of ML-aided TCI closures in future applications of combustion engineering.
The Mediating Role of Oxidative Stress in the Association Between Phthalate Exposure and Body Mass Index Among Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Using NHANES Data
Authors: Ripon Rezaul Karim
Published: October 2024

Background
The study investigates the mediating role of oxidative stress in the relationship between phthalate exposure, measured via urinary Bisphenol A (BPA) levels, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in adults. Given the global prevalence of obesity and the widespread exposure to phthalates, understanding this relationship is critical. Methods: Data were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), focusing on adult participants. Key variables included urinary BPA levels (independent variable), BMI (dependent variable), oxidative stress indicators (mediator), and covariates such as age, serum creatinine, poverty index, and race/ethnicity. Descriptive statistics summarized baseline characteristics, and mediation analysis quantified the direct, indirect, and total effects of phthalate exposure on BMI. Results: The study sample comprised 19,022 adults, with a nearly equal distribution of males and females. The median BMI and urinary BPA levels differed significantly by gender. Mediation analysis revealed that oxidative stress mediated approximately 19% of the total effect of phthalate exposure on BMI. The Average Causal Mediation Effect (ACME) was − 0.000976 (95% CI: -0.001147 to 0.001, p < 0.001), and the Average Direct Effect (ADE) was − 0.004155 (95% CI: -0.008239 to 0.001, p = 0.016). The total effect was − 0.005132 (95% CI: -0.008997 to 0.001, p = 0.004). Conclusions: This study highlights the significant role of oxidative stress in mediating the relationship between phthalate exposure and BMI. The findings suggest that strategies to reduce oxidative stress could mitigate the obesogenic effects of phthalates, underscoring the need for regulatory policies to limit phthalate exposure and public health interventions targeting oxidative stress. Future research should explore longitudinal data and a broader range of phthalate exposures to further elucidate these relationships.
Persistently primed microglia restrict the reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus at the expense of neuronal synaptic connectivity
Authors: Brizić Ilija , Mihalić Andrea , Kveštak Daria , Lisnić Berislav , Krstanović Fran , Hosseini Shirin , Sitnik Katarzyna , Golemac Mijo , Lisnić Vanda Juranić , Rashidi Ahmad , Bochow Isabell , Arossa Alessia , Furione Milena , Britt William , Verjans Georges , Korte Martin , Čičin-Šain Luka , Jonjić Stipan
Published: October 2024

Microglia are myeloid cells that reside within the central nervous system (CNS), where they maintain homeostasis under normal, non-pathological conditions. In addition, microglia also perform numerous immune functions upon different pathogenic stimuli, including CNS infections with various neurotropic viruses. Herpesviruses establish a lifelong latent infection from which they reactivate intermittently upon waning of immune control. The role of microglia in preventing reactivation of latent herpesviruses remains unclear. In this work, we used congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection as a model to investigate the impact of a persistent virus infection of the brain on microglia. We show that mouse CMV (MCMV) latency in the CNS is associated with permanent microglial priming. The changes induced by persistent infection include continuous, interferon-gamma-dependent microglia activation and extensive transcriptional reprogramming at the single-cell level, leading to the expansion of a microglia subset associated with latent infection. Notably, the maintenance of microglia in a primed state provides enhanced control of latent infection and superior recall response but is associated with excessive loss of synaptic dendritic spines mediated by primed microglia. Altogether, our results indicate that latent CMV infection in the brain causes perturbation of microglial homeostasis, which leads to chronic neuroinflammation that successfully restricts virus reactivation but simultaneously compromises neuronal synaptic connectivity in the brain.
Navigating Human Resource Diversity Management in Higher Education: A Case Study of University of Botswana
Authors: Nyamutswa Tapiwa Oliver , Lilian Mutseura
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the challenges and benefits of human resource diversity management at the University of Botswana, addressing a significant gap in existing literature concerning human resource practices in Botswana's state universities. Utilizing a descriptive research design, data were collected through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveys and interviews with 98 administrative staff members. Findings reveal a diverse workforce characterized by variations in gender, age, race, and religion, which offers opportunities for enhanced innovation and problem-solving. However, challenges such as language barriers, religious differences, and social groupings hinder effective diversity management. The study recommends the implementation of a comprehensive diversity policy prioritizing qualifications and experience, alongside continuous diversity training to foster inclusivity. Additionally, it advocates for policy reforms to attract international talent. The insights gained contribute to the broader understanding of diversity management within higher education contexts in Botswana and beyond.
Exploring the role of human brands in developing the sharing economy: A futures research study
Authors: Asiabar Mojtaba Ghorbani , Asiabar Morteza Ghorbani , Asiabar Alireza Ghorbani
Published: October 2024

The sharing economy, as an emerging economic model, has profoundly transformed the way goods and services are consumed and exchanged. This futures research study investigates the role of human brands in developing the sharing economy. Utilizing scenario analysis and Delphi methods, data were collected from 150 experts in marketing, economics, and technology fields. Results indicate that human brands can act as catalysts in expanding sharing platforms and enhancing consumer trust. Multiple regression analysis revealed that human brand credibility (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and online engagement (β = 0.38, p < 0.01) are significant predictors of sharing platform success. Furthermore, an independent t-test showed a significant difference in the adoption rate of sharing economy platforms with and without human brand presence (t(148) = 3.76, p < 0.001). This study provides a conceptual framework for better understanding the interaction between human brands and the sharing economy, offering important implications for managers and policymakers in shaping the future of this domain. The findings suggest that strategic integration of human brands could potentially accelerate the growth and acceptance of sharing economy platforms, particularly in emerging markets where trust is a critical factor. Additionally, the study highlights the need for a balanced approach in leveraging human brands while maintaining the decentralized ethos of the sharing economy.
The impact of financial literacy on financial well-being: a systematic literature review
Authors: Antwi Prince Kwabena Agyemang , Addai Bismark , Duah Evans , Kubi Maxwell Tetteh
Published: October 2024

Background: The harsh reality of financial difficulty can be concerning, requiring that an opportunity to break free from these limitations be seized at the earliest opportunity. This systematic literature review was therefore necessary to enhance understanding of financial literacy as a means of achieving financial well-being, and to carefully examine the extant literature in order to unravel the key themes and future research agenda of the impact of financial literacy on financial well-being.
Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched the Scopus database from inception to August 16, 2024 and included articles that had the key words: financial literacy, financial education, financial outcome, financial well-being, economic outcome, economic well-being in their titles, abstracts, or keywords. After applying various inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 articles were included in the final review. The synthesis was performed in a narrative way. Descriptive and thematic analysis were conducted to answer the research questions.
Findings: The study showed that numerous studies have consistently found financial literacy to significantly influence financial well-being. Other variables such as financial behavior, pronounced behavioral elements such as non-impulsive future-oriented behavior and impulsiveness, and financial socialization were discovered as having significant influence on financial well-being. The following themes were developed in answer to the research questions: financial literacy and its determinants; the influence of financial literacy on financial well-being; the impact of financial socialization on financial well-being; the interplay of financial literacy, psychology, and behavioral economics; digital financial literacy in contemporary contexts, and emerging trends. The study made some future research recommendations.
Implications: Future research can build on this work to improve our understanding of financial literacy’s impact on financial well-being and help create effective strategies to support individuals and families.
Role of Sales and Marketing Information Systems in Companies’ Sales Rate Increase
Authors: Parvin Mohammad , Ramyar Fatemeh
Published: October 2024

The modern condition of business environments has made use of some processes and systems to control effects of such environments and continuity of activity through the organizations “inevitable”. From among these processes and systems, it can be referred to the most important one i.e. sales and marketing information system. This research was carried out with the aim of studying role of sales and marketing information systems in increase of companies’ sales rate through the use of descriptive-survey research method. The present study includes seven (7) hypotheses. Senior managers and marketing managers of five vegetable oil production companies are considered subject of this study, in which, its sample size was calculated 93 persons through the use of Cochran Formula. Simple random sampling method was used for selecting sample.
Questionnaire was used for collecting data. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained 0.96 through Cronbach’s Alpha Method. The results of statistical tests showed that sales and marketing information systems are effective in increase of companies’ sales rate.
Instagram sebagai Sarana Menulis dalam Pembelajaran Teks Anekdot bagi Siswa Kelas X di MAN 3 Tulungagung
Authors: Wulandari Nisha Agustina , Sa'diyah Lailiyatus
Published: October 2024

Dalam pembelajaran banyak menggunakan beberapa media yang haruslah menarik bagi siswa. Salah satunya memanfaatkan media sosial Instagram. Dimana media sosial Instagram ini berguna untuk mengunggah cerita maupun ide-ide yang dikembangkan siswa. Dalam hal itu, Instagram sesuai digunakan dalam pembelajaran teks anekdot yang menceritakan mengenai cerita lucu dan kritik terhadap suatu fenomena yang dikembangkan secara menarik oleh siswa. Beberapa cerita yang berhasil diunggah oleh siswa dijadikan sebagai bahan analisis terkait unsur kritikan didalamnya. Seperti adanya Kritikan pendidikan, percintaan dan kebijakan. Salah satu kritikan yang menarik bagi penulis yaitu kritik kebijakan yang menceritakan tentang ayah temanya yang santai walaupun ada masalah yang kerja di gedung DPR yang bisa tiduran sambal main candy crush. Arjuna juga bercerita mengenai kinerja pemerintah yang banyak ngomongin janji dengan bersikap baik membagikan uang maupun barang. Tapi bagi Arjuna sikap baik itu hanya terjadi saat masa pemilu saja. Dari, beberapa hasil analisis tersebut. Penelitian ini cocok menggunakan penelitian dengan metode kualitatif dengan menganalisis hasil karya siswa yang di cara menafsirkan dan pendeskripsiannya dalam bentuk kalimat untuk menemukan masalah yang ingin diketahui.