bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic and Clinicoradiological Presentation of Tuberculosis in Patients with Sickle Cell Haemoglobinopathy: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Patel Ranjan Kumar , Mamatha S , Manjhi Rekha , Dutta Pravati , Pothal Sudarshan , Haran Alamelu
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Infectious disease is an important contributor to disability and death in Sickle Cell Haemoglobinopathy (SCH). India has a high burden of Tuberculosis (TB) and SCH is widespread among residents in and around Burla, Odisha. This was the first attempt to find the prevalence of SCH in active cases of TB in Indian adults. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of SCH in TB and to evaluate the demographic and clinicoradiological presentation of TB in patients with SCH in a subset of Indian population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from October 2010 to September 2012 in Department of Pulmonary Medicine of V.S.S.M.C, Burla, Odisha, India. The primary inclusion criterion was patients with TB and SCH. Demographic characteristics, clinical, radiological, microbiological and histopathology data were collected. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18.0. Association between categorical data was calculated using Chi-square test and Fischer’s exact test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Out of 1243 TB patients who were screened, 64 TB patients had SCH. The mean age of the patients was 30 (±13) years with female predominance 33 (51.56%). The prevalence of SCH in TB was 51.49/1000, Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) was 13.68/1000 and Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) was 37.81/1000. 47 (73.43%) patients had SCT and 17 (26.56%) patients had SCA. Majority of patients with SCA 15 (88.23%) and SCT 35 (74.46%) belonged to the age of ≤40 years. 38 (59.37%) patients had Pulmonary TB (PTB) and 26 (40.62%) had Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). EPTB 11 (64.70%) was common in patients with SCA than PTB 6 (35.29%) and vice-versa in SCT 15 (31.91% vs 32 (68.08%) (p=0.018). Among PTB patients, cough was the most common symptom seen in 7(10.93%) patients of SCA and in 26 (40.62%) patients of SCT. The mean (±SD) haemoglobin in patients with SCA was 7.270 (±2.007) gm% and SCT was 9.021 (±1.578) gm% (p=0.002). The most common chest radiographic finding was nodules in patients with SCA 9 (52.94%), reticular opacities and pleural effusion 11 (23.40%) each in SCT. Conclusion: In the present study, 5.14% of TB patients had SCH. PTB was more common than EPTB in patients with SCH.
An Analysis of the Knowledge of Improved Cultivation Practices of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) of Khasi tribes in East Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, India
Authors: Nongrum Wanteikupar , Jahanara .
Published: July 2022

The main purpose of the study was to determine the extent of knowledge of Khasi tribe on improved cultivation practices of tomato. The study was conducted purposively in Mawryngkneng Block in East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya in the year 2022. A descriptive research design was applied for the study. The primary data was collected from 120 respondents by personal interview  method using pre - structure interview schedule Knowledge of the farmers was measured by asking 13 questions in respect to tomato cultivation practices. Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (r) was employed to determine the relationship between independent variables and knowledge of the respondents. Finding showed that (78.33%) of the respondents had medium level of knowledge, (10%) of the respondents had high level of  knowledge and only (3.33%) of the respondents had low level of knowledge about improved cultivation practices of tomato. Co-efficient of correlation (r) analysis indicated that land holding, farming experience, extension contact and sources of information are significantly associated with knowledge of farmers whereas variables like: age, education, annual income, family type, size of family, and occupation was found to be non-significant with the knowledge of farmers towards improved cultivation practices of tomato. Extension Workers should frequently contact with the farmers for disseminating of proper information which in turn lead to better implementation of improved practices.
A Context Dependent Nature Effects on Choices of Corporate Social Responsibilities and Consumer Behaviors
Authors: Lii Yuan-Shuh , Ding May-Ching , Chiang Ting Hua
Published: July 2022

Given that how consumers perceive a corporate social responsibility (CSR) marketing strategy will influence their responses, this study hence enriches the knowledge about CSR marketing strategy by proposing the relative effectiveness of philanthropic marketing, sponsorship-linked marketing, and purchase-triggered donation on consumer attitudes and behavioral responses. This research also proposes the highly context-dependent nature of CSR marketing strategy that may help explain such relative influences, including perceived severity and vulnerability of the CSR issue, contribution type, and type of CSR issue. Literature reviews linked with theories lead to propositions. In doing so not only is such research important in terms of filling literature gaps to the existing literature of CSR, but also for providing directions to practitioners when considering CSR as a marketing strategy, when a chosen CSR marketing strategy may ultimately shape images of the company.
Development of Operating Model for the Design of Stirrer Arms of Slurries: Empirical Evaluation of Stirrer Arms
Authors: Okpighe Sunday Okerekehe , Shadrack M. U. , Nwosu H. U.
Published: July 2022

The “Development of Operating Model for the Design of Stirrer Arms of Slurries: Empirical Evaluation of Stirrer Arms” is reported. Previous work reviewed the “Operating Model for the Design of Stirrer Arms of Slurries” and identified the Two Z and TETE stirrer arms as the most effective. Furthermore, subsequent work “Development of Operating Model for the Design of Stirrer Arms of Slurries: Design and Fabrication of Stirrer Arms” designed and fabricated the Two Z and TETE stirrer arms, evaluated the theoretical (expected) Slurry Mixing Power and Order of Merit Analysis.  The current work did the empirical evaluation of the Two Z and TETE stirrer arms and also the hybrid Two Z - TETE stirrer arms. The Objectives of this research were: to do the mixing performance tests in terms of mixing time, power and energy consumed by the Two Z blade, TETE blade and Two Z – TETE hybrid blade using the constituted slurry; to validate the theoretical (predicted or expected) mixing power for the Two Z blade, TETE blade and Two Z – TETE hybrid blade by comparison with the empirical power using the Chi Square; to do the Power, Time and Energy order of merit analysis for the Two Z blade, TETE blade and the Two Z – TETE hybrid blade. Using the Philips HR 1565 mixer with the Akamu (pap) (Viscosity calibrated) slurries, the time and current drawn for complete and consistent slurry mixing by each type of stirrer arm (namely: Two Z, TETE and Two Z – TETE) was recorded. Results obtained were analyzed using the Chi Square and the Order of Merit. There was excellent agreement between the adjusted predicted (expected) slurry mixing power (E’) and Observed slurry mixing power (O) at 5% confidence level. Empirical model was developed to predict expected slurry mixing power. The Order of Merit analysis revealed the TETE stirrer arm as the most energy efficient.
Influence of Electric, Magnetic and Bio Film on the Growth, Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: Reddy Ramireddy Paul Manjrekar , Bara Bineeta M. , Rai Prashant Kumar , Pal Abhishek Kumar
Published: July 2022

The present study was carried out for Influence on electric, magnetic and Bio - film in the growth, yield, and yield attributing traits of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was made to identify the effect of seed priming of different kinds on seed quality characters of radish and to find out suitable seed priming method for radish. For this purpose, 13 priming treatments were taken in Randomized Block Design including control on radish seed was studied under field conditions during Rabi, 2020-21. Analysis of variance for the data revealed that significance mean sum of squares due to seed priming treatments were observed for all the characters under study viz., Field emergence percentage, Plant height (20, 40 DAS and at harvest), Days to maturity, total number of leaves, dry weight of leaves, fresh weight of leaves, seed yield per plot, seed yield per plant and seed yield per hectare which were highly significant at 5% level of significance indicating presence of good amount of variability among the treatments for these characters. Seed priming with T3 – Magnetic (600 gauss) significantly affected characters studied in field experiment. Thus, application of T3 – Magnetic (600 gauss) may be useful for improving growth, yield, and yield attributing traits of radish. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (RBD).
An Unusual Appearance of Cystic Gastro Intestinal Stromal Tumor of Small Intestine - A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Bhadani P. P. , Singh A. , Gupta G. K. , Parasar K.
Published: July 2022

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), is considered as most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the GI tract. They can arise anywhere in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with the gastric GIST accounting for 50% to 60% of cases, the small intestinal GIST for 20% to 30%. It arises from the interstitial cells of Cajal, which are part of the muscle plexes of the intestine.Radiologically, they are best identified by Computed Tomography (CT) scan. Grossly, GIST is a solid tumorbut infrequently shows cystic degeneration. Immunohistochemistry( IHC) shows positivity for CD117 (C-Kit), CD34, and/or DOG-1. Radical resection is currently the preferred treatment for small intestinal GISTs.During the past decade, GISTs have presented as an important model in the emerging field of molecularly targeted therapies for solid tumors. Here we report a case mutifocal GIST with unusual gross appearance of cystic degeneration.
Rare Case of Misdiagnosed Rathke Pouch Cleft Leading to Severe Visual Loss
Authors: Tekade Pradeep , Bulchandani Prashant , Wairagade Nikhilesh
Published: July 2022

A rare case of symptomatic Rathke cleft cyst resulting in severe visual compromise in a young 45 yr/f who presented with gradual progressive painless diminution of vision in both eyes. Patient noticed diminution of vision in the Left eye an year ago and later on in the Right eye for which she consulted ophthalmologists. She was diagnosed as optic neuritis and underwent treatment for the same, but vision didn’t improve. At presentation,vision in Both eyes was same, counting fingers at 2 meters. Pupillary reactions were normal, however there was bilateral disc pallor and rest fundus was normal. On systemic evaluation patient gave history of irregular menstrual periods since 3-4 months. on further investigation her S. Prolactin levels were markedly raised(59.99ng/ml). Radiology showed well defined hyperintense suprasellar lesion. Patient was operated for right frontotemporal craniotomy with decompression of RCCs by a neurosurgeon. 2 months post surgery visual acuity in RE 4/60 and LE is counting finger close to face.
Porous Microstructure‐Assisted Flexible and Highly Sensitive Polymer Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Singh Lakhvir , Tripathy Kamalesh , Bhattacharjee Mitradip
Published: July 2022

Flexible and wearable pressure sensors are gaining attention due to their widespread applications in biomedical, intelligent, and smart systems. However, developing highly sensitive sensors for low pressures and wide ranges is still a challenge. In this direction, a flexible PDMS‐based pressure sensor is presented, having hemispherical microstructures to achieve high sensitivity and operation range. Several experiments with various dimensions have demonstrated that the sensor with microstructures of radii 100 μm on a 0.5 mm‐thick substrate shows optimum performance for a low‐pressure range of less than 6 kPa. Further, a finite‐element method‐based simulation has illustrated improvement in the sensor response with the decrease in substrate thickness. In practice, a very thin film of the substrate is not suitable for detecting a wide range of pressure. The presence of microstructures, however, improves the performance. Adding porosity to the substrate further elevates the sensitivity to 9.51 kPa−1 for a low‐pressure range of less than 10 kPa. Even for medium (30–70 kPa) and high‐pressure ranges (40–120 kPa), the sensitivities of the sensor proposed are as high as 0.045 and 0.17 kPa−1, respectively. The proposed sensors show at least an order improvement of sensitivities compared with the prior arts.
Understanding the Relation between Pulse Duration and Topography Evolution of Polyether Ether Ketones Textures by Ultrashort Infrared Laser Interference Patterning
Authors: Mulko Lucinda , Wang Wei , Baumann Robert , Kress Joshua , Voisiat Bogdan , Jaeger Erwin , Leupolt Beate , Vaynzof Yana , Soldera Marcos , Lasagni Andrés Fabián
Published: July 2022

Advanced polymeric materials, such as polyether ether ketones (PEEK), have been placed as direct substitutes for metals and ceramics in diverse applications, such as the machinery industry and biomedical engineering. Moreover, surface treatments allow the emergence of brand‐new properties or the improvement of preexisting ones, such as friction, lubrication, wettability, cellular infiltration, or osseointegration. A paramount approach to achieving topographical modifications is by using laser micro/nanoprocessing techniques such as direct laser interference patterning (DLIP). Herein, PEEK foils are structured with DLIP method using ultrashort pulses. The influence of the pulse duration between 266 fs and 15 ps and the pulse‐to‐pulse overlap on the resulting surface topography and chemistry is assessed. As a result, well‐defined line‐like textures with a period of 5.8 μm and aspect ratios up to 0.88 are achieved. Furthermore, it is possible to explore and understand the behavior of surface phenomena such as swelling, increase/decrease of laser–material interaction onset, and laser‐induced periodic surface structures formation. A comprehensive topographical and chemical characterization study demonstrates that these distinctive topographical features occur because of multiphoton absorption, incubation effects, and heat accumulation. These phenomena allow structuring polymeric substrates that are low‐absorbing and challenging to pattern with conventional nanosecond infrared (IR) laser sources.
Flexible and Ultra‐Sensitive Planar Supercapacitive Pressure Sensor Based on Porous Ionic Foam
Authors: Tang Yu-Dong , Wang Peng , Li Guo-Xian , Wang Guo-Yuan , Yu Wei , Meng Chui-Zhou , Guo Shi-Jie
Published: July 2022

Flexible pressure sensors have broad applications in the fields of electronic skin, human–computer interaction, and health monitoring. It remains a great challenge to develop advanced sensors with mechanical flexibility while gaining high sensitivity, fast response time, and wide detection range. Herein, the design and fabrication of a new type of flexible supercapacitive pressure sensor with a device configuration of planar electrodes incorporated with porous ionic gel is reported. Taking advantage of both the electric double layer capacitance and the micro‐structured organogel electrolyte, the developed sensor exhibits ultra‐high sensitivity (1126.96 kPa−1), wide detection range (300 kPa), fast response time (25 ms), and excellent stability over 6000 compression‐release cycles. With consistent and stable performance, the proposed pressure sensor can be used in many applications such as finger pressing, carotid pulse measurement, and finger bending. This work provides a facile and economical approach for fabricating flexible and ultra‐sensitive pressure sensors that are promising in wearable electronics.
Regioselective Synthesis of 1‐Cyano‐3‐arylindolizines: Construction of Pyrroles via DDQ‐Mediated Ring Closure of Cyclopropyl Pyridines
Authors: Joshi Dirgha Raj , Kim Ikyon
Published: July 2022

A modular approach to a wide range of 1‐cyano‐3‐(hetero)arylindolizines through aldol‐cyclopropanation‐oxidative cycloisomerization is described where DDQ was utilized for the regioselective synthesis of the pyrrole units from cyclopropyl pyridines for the first time. A key to success is regioselective oxidation of benzylic position by DDQ, which enabled us to access to one regioisomer out of two possible ones. Homo‐dimerization at the C2, C5, or C7 sites of indolizines in the presence of DDQ has been discovered for the first time as well.

magnified image
Tau Mediates Synergistic Influence of Vascular Risk and Aβ on Cognitive Decline
Authors: Yau Wai‐Ying Wendy , Shirzadi Zahra , Yang Hyun‐Sik , Ikoba Akpevweoghene P. , Rabin Jennifer S. , Properzi Michael J. , Kirn Dylan R. , Schultz Aaron P. , Rentz Dorene M. , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Elevated vascular risk and beta‐amyloid (Aβ) burden have been synergistically associated with cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examined whether accelerated longitudinal tau accumulation mediates the vascular risk‐Aβ interaction on cognitive decline.

Methods

We included 175 cognitively unimpaired older adults (age 70.5 ± 8.0 years). Baseline vascular risk was quantified using the office‐based Framingham Heart Study general cardiovascular disease risk score (FHS‐CVD). Baseline Aβ burden was measured with Pittsburgh Compound‐B positron emission tomography (PET). Tau burden was measured longitudinally (3.6 ± 1.5 years) with Flortaucipir PET, focusing on inferior temporal cortex (ITC). Cognition was assessed longitudinally (7.0 ± 2.0 years) using the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite. Linear mixed effects models examined the interactive effects of baseline vascular risk and Aβ on longitudinal ITC tau. Additionally, moderated mediation was used to determine whether tau accumulation mediated the FHS‐CVD*Aβ effect on cognitive decline.

Results

We observed a significant interaction between elevated baseline FHS‐CVD and Aβ on greater ITC tau accumulation (p = 0.004), even in individuals with Aβ burden below the conventional threshold for amyloid positivity. Examining individual vascular risk factors, we found elevated systolic blood pressure and body mass index showed independent interactions with Aβ on longitudinal tau (both p < 0.0001). ITC tau accumulation mediated 33% of the interactive association of FHS‐CVD and Aβ on cognitive decline.

Interpretation

Vascular risks interact with subthreshold levels of Aβ to promote cognitive decline, partially by accelerating early neocortical tau accumulation. Our findings support vascular risk reduction, especially treating hypertension and obesity, to attenuate Aβ‐related tau pathology and reduce late‐life cognitive decline. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:745–755
The Bifunctional Silyl Reagent Me2(CH2Cl)SiCF3 Enables Highly Enantioselective Ketone Trifluoromethylation and Related Tandem Processes
Authors: Mu Bo‐Shuai , Gao Yang , Yang Fu‐Ming , Wu Wen‐Biao , Zhang Ying , Wang Xin , Yu Jin‐Sheng , Zhou Jian
Published: July 2022

We report the development of bifunctional trifluoromethylsilyl reagents for selective trifluoromethylation. The newly developed reagent, Me2(CH2Cl)SiCF3, allows highly enantioselective trifluoromethylations of ketones with broad scope. Notably, by taking advantage of the chloromethyl group, a tandem synthesis of chiral trifluoromethylated oxasilacyclopentanes is developed, paving way to α‐CF3 tertiary alcohols with vicinal tertiary or quaternary stereocenters. Theoretical studies revealed the important role of nonclassical C−H⋅⋅⋅F−C interactions in stabilizing the transition state, and that the presence of the chlorine atom enhances such interactions for better enantiofacial control.
Stability and degradation of four agricultural wastes liquefied polyols based polyurethane foams
Authors: Zhang Jingmiao , Hori Naruhito , Takemura Akio
Published: July 2022

Bio‐based polyurethane foam has attracted growing attention worldwide due to its advantages of environmental friendliness and wide range of raw materials. However, the stability and degradation ability of the newly prepared foams need to be further explored for their practical application. Four agricultural wastes (XS: oilseed rape straw/OS, rice straw/RS, wheat straw/WS, and corn stover/CS) liquefied polyols were used to replace petroleum polyol for preparing polyurethane foams (XSPU). These bio‐based foams were investigated by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), two dimensional correlate infrared spectroscopy (2D‐COS IR), water immersion test, soil burying test, and compression test to confirm their stability and degradation properties for applications. XSPU foams displayed excellent thermal stability with heating till to 240°C, appeared to change less than 0.3% in dry weight and contain more hydrogen bonds after immersing in water at 20°C for 14 days. The degradability of XSPU foams was significantly higher than that of petroleum polyol‐based PU foam as their soft segments were easier to be decomposed, where the weight loss of XSPU was up to 46.7% after burying in the soil at 23°C and 50% relative humidity for 250 days. The compression recovery ability of these bio‐based foams could reach approximately 98.2% after 1 ~ 3 times of compression test. Generally, XSPU foams displayed excellent thermal stability, stability in water, degradability in soil, and elastic ability, which showed potential application in fields of insulation, degradable plastic, and elastomer.
Polyvinyl alcohol based functional coating incorporated with Sonneratia ovata extract: Preparation, characterization, and banana preservation
Authors: Pham Bao‐Tran Tran , Le Thuy‐Kieu Thi , Nguyen Thuong Thi , Van Tran Thuan , Van Nguyen Dai , Bui Quynh Thi Phuong , Phung Thanh Khoa
Published: July 2022

The present work aims to develop active and biodegradable coating from polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), agarose, and D‐glucose combined with Sonneratia ovata leaf extract (SO) for prolonging the shelf life of Grande Naine banana. In addition, the PVOH/agarose/D‐glucose/SO coating films were prepared through solvent evaporation method before applying it to banana for the purpose of characterizing vital properties required for food packaging materials. Our findings showed that the addition of SO in the polymer blend based on PVOH/agarose/D‐glucose (PAD) imparts outstanding flexibility, UV‐barrier, antioxidant, and bactericidal properties of the resultant film. It was also found that the modified coatings with SO could prolong the shelf life of bananas up to day 6th storage at 25°C. The visual appearance, development of peel color, weight loss, total soluble sugar content, and pH of banana samples confirmed that PAD‐SO coating could prevent ripening of bananas during the storage period as compared to uncoated and PAD‐coated fruits. These results suggest that PAD‐SO active coatings are a promisingly potential material for extending the shelf life of fruits.
Enhanced dielectric properties, thermal stability and ammonia sensing performance of poly(diphenylamine)/zinc oxide nanocomposites via one step polymerization
Authors: Furhan  , Ramesan Manammel Thankappan
Published: July 2022

The structural, morphological, thermal, dielectric and electrical conductivity properties of poly(diphenylamine) (PDPA)/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites, synthesized by in‐situ chemical polymerization technique, were systematically evaluated and characterized. The ammonia (NH3) gas sensing characteristics of composites were evaluated as a function of ZnO nanoparticle concentration. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of composites showed the characteristic band of ZnO nanoparticles at 418 cm−1indicating an effective interaction between the polymer matrix and filler. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirm the increased crystallinity in the PDPA structure when ZnO is incorporated. The uniform distribution of nanoparticles within the polymer matrix is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies emphasize the shift in glass transition temperatures and enhanced thermal stability of composites relative to bare PDPA, which is further confirmed by the Coat‐Redfern method. Conductivity studies show a significant increase in magnitudes of real part of dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss tangent concerning filler content. The addition of 7 wt% ZnO nanoparticles to PDPA increases the room temperature AC conductivity from 1.058 × 10−5to 7.8 × 10−4 S/cm. Moreover, the room‐temperature NH3gas sensing property of PDPA/ZnO nanocomposites was accelerated by the addition of ZnO nanoparticles.
Facile fabrication of flame‐retardant and conductive cotton fabric via layer‐by‐layer assembly for human motion detection
Authors: Guan Hang , Li Hongqiang , Lai Xuejun , Zeng Xingrong
Published: July 2022

Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors have great application potential in many emerging fields such as electronic skin, artificial intelligence and human healthcare. However, most of the sensors are flammable, which will easily initiate fire hazard in case of short circuit. Herein, a flame‐retardant and conductive cotton fabric (CF) was fabricated for piezoresistive pressure sensor by layer‐by‐layer (LBL) assembly of branched polyethyleneimine (b‐PEI) modified halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), phytic acid (PA) and graphene oxide (GO) and the subsequent thermal reduction of GO. The composite coating layer endowed the obtained CF with excellent flame retardancy. The limiting oxygen index of the CF reached 32.72% and the char length after vertical burning test was only 3.8 cm, attributing to the physical barrier role of the HNTs and graphene nanosheets as well as the phosphorus‐nitrogen synergism between PA and b‐PEI. The CF‐based piezoresistive pressure sensor exhibited fast and accurate response, good signal stability and fatigue resistance (3000 loading‐unloading cycles) and was able to be applied for detecting human motions including pulse beat, pronunciation and various physical activities. The preparation method in this work is simple, and the piezoresistive pressure sensor shows great application prospect in the field of flexible electronics with high safety.
Strong, transparent composites based on glass‐fiber textile and a polycarbonate–polycaprolactone blend with matching refractive indices
Authors: Hirai Takayuki , Muraoka Yoshimi , Okamoto Hirotaka
Published: July 2022

Composites are being researched as lightweight, thermal‐insulating alternatives to glass; however, composite materials are generally opaque. In this study, a transparent composite is developed based on E‐glass fiber and a polymer blend by matching their refractive indices. To avoid the opacity caused by phase separation, a polymer blend featuring highly miscible polycarbonate (PC) and polycaprolactone (PCL) is used as the matrix of the composite. The refractive indices of PC and PCL are higher and lower, respectively, than that of E‐glass fiber; thus, the refractive index of a PC–PCL blend can be matched with that of E‐glass fiber by optimizing its composition (PC:PCL weight ratio). Moreover, the crystallization of PCL in a PC–PCL blend is inhibited by the incorporation of sufficient PC, eliminating the light scattering associated with crystalline PCL. The transparency of the proposed composite based on E‐glass fiber and a PC–PCL blend is optimal at a PC:PCL weight ratio of 65:35. Furthermore, the impregnation of a glass‐fiber textile with a PC–PCL blend with a PC:PCL weight ratio of 65:35 under evacuated conditions produces a strong, transparent composite with tensile and impact strengths that exceed those of PC and a corresponding short glass fiber–reinforced composite.
Recruitment of migratory fish in free‐flowing rivers with limited floodplain development
Authors: Pachla Lucas Adriano , Hartmann Paula Betina , Massaro Marthoni Vinicius , Pelicice Fernando Mayer , Reynalte‐Tataje David Augusto
Published: July 2022

Hydrological connectivity is a basic feature of river ecosystems, responsible for important ecological processes. Human activities, however, have progressively modified natural connectivity, threatening the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity.

Neotropical potamodromous fish depend heavily on fluvial connectivity to complete their life cycles. However, important ecological aspects remain poorly understood, especially in river systems with limited floodplain development (i.e. channelized rivers and drylands), where the environment poses constraints to fish recruitment. The Uruguay River Basin is such a system, with several migratory fish, small floodplain areas, and limited information about recruitment dynamics and nursery grounds.

The lack of information on critical habitats limits conservation and management actions, especially in scenarios of increasing environmental degradation and river regulation. This study investigated recruitment dynamics of migratory fishes in the Middle Uruguay River, a long fluvial segment targeted for hydropower development. The study investigated spatial variations in the abundance, composition and size structure of juvenile fish among different sites along an extensive fluvial gradient (ca. 650 km), comparing the main channel with tributaries.

Juveniles of migratory fish were widely distributed in the region, totalling nine species, with a predominance of Characiformes. Spatial distribution was variable among species and size classes, with a differential use of tributaries, wetlands and the main channel. Juvenile composition differed between sampling sites and environments, and was correlated with different limnological and spatial variables. Greater abundances occurred in the mouth of a tributary where a small floodplain develops during the wet season.

The results emphasize the importance of fluvial connectivity for fish migration, dispersal and recruitment, providing valuable information about migratory fishes in river systems with limited wetland development. These findings have significance for the management and conservation of migratory fish under scenarios of hydropower expansion, as comprehensive studies on recruitment are rare in free‐flowing rivers.
Marine protected areas ineffectively protect seagrass and coral reef fish communities in the Phu Quoc and An Thoi archipelago, Vietnam
Authors: Van Tran Huong , Carve Megan , Dong Dung Thi , Dinh Khuong V. , Nguyen Khac Bat
Published: July 2022

The Phu Quoc marine protected area (MPA) is a multiple‐use MPA that was established in 2007 and is a component of Vietnam’s National MPA System. The MPA is divided into two spatially separated zones based on habitat type: a seagrass zone and a coral reef zone.

In this study, visual census data were collected in 2018–2019 and were used to derive fish biomass and community diversity metrics as proxies for ecosystem condition and function (trophic and mobility). The effectiveness of the MPA in protecting fish communities in the seagrass and coral reef zones was evaluated. An updated characterization of the Phu Quoc fish communities, and an assessment of fish community variation among regions and between habitat types, is provided.

In total, 125 species representing 74 genera of 40 families were recorded. Omnivores were the most abundant (38%), followed by planktivores (24%), whereas piscivores (2%) were scarce. There was an especially low density of high‐value fishery target species such as Haemulidae (<0.01%), Carangidae (<0.2%), Lethrinidae (<0.3%), Lutjanidae (<0.4%), Serranidae (<2%), and Chaetodontidae (<3%). Alarmingly, fishes with a total length of >20 cm only accounted for 1% of the total individuals. Species and functional composition were similar between protected and unprotected areas but differed among regions and between habitats.

These results suggest that the protection of fishes provided by Phu Quoc MPA at the time of this study was ineffective. The taxonomic composition of fish communities has remained relatively unchanged over the last approximately 25 years, with the density of large fishes and commercial species remaining low. There is capacity to improve MPA performance by providing adequate resources for threat management and using evidence‐based decision‐making in management. The 2020 rezoning and expansion of the Phu Quoc MPA is discussed with regards to prioritizing biodiversity and coverage targets.
Accessing and preserving information: CombiningICT4Dand archival science to empower marginalized communities
Authors: Frings‐Hessami Viviane , Oliver Gillian
Published: July 2022

Information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) is a field of research concerned with studying how information and communication technologies (ICTs) can be used to improve the socio‐economic situation of marginalized communities in developing countries. The authors identify the preservation of the information provided or accessed during ICT4D projects as a critical gap in ICT4D research. They argue that archival science, an information discipline concerned with the preservation of recorded information, provides theories and models that can help make ICT4D projects more sustainable. They discuss the creation of analog backups by participants in an ICT4D project in Bangladesh as an example of communities taking the initiative to remedy the limitations of an ICT4D project with simple pen and paper technology to preserve the information they wanted to keep. Conversely, they argue that insights on how marginalized communities interact with and preserve information gained through ICT4D projects can enrich archival science and foster the development of more inclusive theories and practices. Finally, they suggest areas for interdisciplinary research between ICT4D and archival science.
Consumer lifestyles and ecological behavior: A study of car buyers in India
Authors: Adnan Arham , Ahmad Asad , Khan Mohammed Naved
Published: July 2022

Environmental issues have gauged the attention of marketers and researchers all around the world. Automobile industry has a major environmental impact due to fuel consumption and emissions. A threadbare understanding of the automobile buyer is necessary to better connect with consumers with changing lifestyles, attitudes, and personalities, basically to cater to their sensibilities and psyche, gradually accommodating contemporary environmental viewpoints. Marketers have religiously focused upon studying the car buying behavior and its links with lifestyles. The present study aims to offer a preview of the relationship between lifestyles and ecological behavior among urban car consumers in an emerging economy like India. The findings of the study suggest factors like need for achievement, need for uniqueness, price consciousness, and need for status affect the ecological behavior of the Indian car buyers.
Recent progress in the manipulation of biochemical and biophysical cues for engineering functional tissues
Authors: Bakhshandeh Behnaz , Ranjbar Nika , Abbasi Ardeshir , Amiri Elahe , Abedi Ali , Mehrabi Mohammad‐Reza , Dehghani Zahra , Pennisi Cristian Pablo
Published: July 2022

Tissue engineering (TE) is currently considered a cutting‐edge discipline that offers the potential for developing treatments for health conditions that negatively affect the quality of life. This interdisciplinary field typically involves the combination of cells, scaffolds, and appropriate induction factors for the regeneration and repair of damaged tissue. Cell fate decisions, such as survival, proliferation, or differentiation, critically depend on various biochemical and biophysical factors provided by the extracellular environment during developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action of these factors is critical to accurately mimic the complex architecture of the extracellular environment of living tissues and improve the efficiency of TE approaches. In this review, we recapitulate the effects that biochemical and biophysical induction factors have on various aspects of cell fate. While the role of biochemical factors, such as growth factors, small molecules, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and cytokines, has been extensively studied in the context of TE applications, it is only recently that we have begun to understand the effects of biophysical signals such as surface topography, mechanical, and electrical signals. These biophysical cues could provide a more robust set of stimuli to manipulate cell signaling pathways during the formation of the engineered tissue. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of different types of signals appears to elicit synergistic responses that are likely to improve functional outcomes, which could help translate results into successful clinical therapies in the future.
Mussel‐inspired biomaterials: From chemistry to clinic
Authors: Taghizadeh Ali , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Yazdi Mohsen Khodadadi , Zarrintaj Payam , Ramsey Joshua D. , Seidi Farzad , Stadler Florian J. , Lee Haeshin , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Mozafari Masoud
Published: July 2022

After several billions of years, nature still makes decisions on its own to identify, develop, and direct the most effective material for phenomena/challenges faced. Likewise, and inspired by the nature, we learned how to take steps in developing new technologies and materials innovations. Wet and strong adhesion by Mytilidae mussels (among which Mytilus edulis—blue mussel and Mytilus californianus—California mussel are the most well‐known species) has been an inspiration in developing advanced adhesives for the moist condition. The wet adhesion phenomenon is significant in designing tissue adhesives and surgical sealants. However, a deep understanding of engaged chemical moieties, microenvironmental conditions of secreted proteins, and other contributing mechanisms for outstanding wet adhesion mussels are essential for the optimal design of wet glues. In this review, all aspects of wet adhesion of Mytilidae mussels, as well as different strategies needed for designing and fabricating wet adhesives are discussed from a chemistry point of view. Developed muscle‐inspired chemistry is a versatile technique when designing not only wet adhesive, but also, in several more applications, especially in the bioengineering area. The applications of muscle‐inspired biomaterials in various medical applications are summarized for future developments in the field.
Cell loaded hydrogel containing Ag‐doped bioactive glass–ceramic nanoparticles as skin substitute: Antibacterial properties, immune response, and scarless cutaneous wound regeneration
Authors: Sharifi Esmaeel , Sadati Seyede Athar , Yousefiasl Satar , Sartorius Rossella , Zafari Mahdi , Rezakhani Leila , Alizadeh Morteza , Nazarzadeh Zare Ehsan , Omidghaemi Shadi , Ghanavatinejad Fatemeh , Jami Mohammad‐Saeid , Salahinejad Erfan , Samadian Hadi , Paiva‐Santos Ana Cláudia , De Berardinis Piergiuseppe , Shafiee Abbas , Tay Franklin R. , Pourmotabed Samiramis , Makvandi Pooyan
Published: July 2022

An ideal tissue‐engineered dermal substitute should possess angiogenesis potential to promote wound healing, antibacterial activity to relieve the bacterial burden on skin, as well as sufficient porosity for air and moisture exchange. In light of this, a glass–ceramic (GC) has been incorporated into chitosan and gelatin electrospun nanofibers (240–360 nm), which MEFs were loaded on it for healing acceleration. The GC was doped with silver to improve the antibacterial activity. The bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds demonstrated antibacterial and superior antibiofilm activities against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. The nanofibrous scaffolds were biocompatible, hemocompatible, and promoted cell attachment and proliferation. Nanofibrous skin substitutes with or without Ag‐doped GC nanoparticles did not induce an inflammatory response and attenuated LPS‐induced interleukin‐6 release by dendritic cells. The rate of biodegradation of the nanocomposite was similar to the rate of skin regeneration under in vivo conditions. Histopathological evaluation of full‐thickness excisional wounds in BALB/c mice treated with mouse embryonic fibroblasts‐loaded nanofibrous scaffolds showed enhanced angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis as well as regeneration of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles in vivo.
Positional deformation of the parotid gland: Application to minimally invasive procedures
Authors: Park Hyun Jin , Hong Sung Ok , Kim Hyoung‐Moon , Oh Wook , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: July 2022

Anatomical studies of the parotid gland are important for mid‐ and lower face filler, botulinum toxin, and thread lifting procedures. The purpose of this study was to observe the topographic anatomy of the parotid gland using cadaveric dissections. The superficial lobe of the parotid gland was studied in 30 hemisected heads. Reference lines were made on the lateral aspect of the face. A reference line (the line connecting the mandibular angle to the upper margin of the zygomatic arch, along the posterior border of the ramus) was divided into four sections (P1, P2, P3, and P4). The superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior borders of the parotid gland were measured using the reference lines and sections. Using these measurements, we categorized the superficial lobe of the parotid gland into two types: type Ia, pistol‐shaped; Ib, pistol‐shaped with an accessory lobe; and type II, oval‐shaped. The superior border of the parotid gland started just below the inferior margin of the zygomatic arch. The parotid gland covered the posterior part of the masseter muscle near P1 and P2, but at P3 and below P3, the tail of the parotid gland was located posterior to the ramus and covered the anterior part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The topographic anatomy of the parotid gland serves as a reliable reference for esthetic procedures in the lower face and neck region.
AYAs' online information and eHealth needs: A comparison with healthcare professionals' perceptions
Authors: van de Graaf Daniëlle L. , Vlooswijk Carla , Bol Nadine , Krahmer Emiel J. , Bijlsma Rhodé , Kaal Suzanne , Sleeman Sophia H. E. , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Husson Olga , van Eenbergen Mies C.
Published: July 2022

Background

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with cancer fulfill their cancer‐related information needs often via the Internet. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) have a crucial role in guiding patients in finding appropriate online information and eHealth sources, a role that is often overlooked. Misperceptions of AYAs' needs by HCPs may lead to suboptimal guidance. We aimed to examine the extent to which AYAs' online information and eHealth needs corresponded with HCPs' perceptions of these needs.

Methods

Two cross‐sectional online surveys (AYAs, n = 299; HCP, n = 80) on online information and eHealth needs were conducted. HCPs provided indications of their perceptions of AYA's needs.

Results

AYAs reported significantly more online information needs compared with HCPs' perceptions regarding: survival rates (AYA = 69%, HCP = 35%, p < 0.001), treatment guidelines (AYA = 65%, HCP = 41%, p < 0.001), return of cancer (AYA = 76%, HCP = 59%, p = 0.004), “what can I do myself” (AYA = 68%, HCP = 54%, p = 0.029), and metastases (AYA = 64%, HCP = 50%, p = 0.040). Significantly more unmet eHealth needs were reported by AYAs compared with HCPs relating to access to own test results (AYA = 25, HCP = 0%, p < 0.001), request tests (AYA = 30%, HCP = 7%, p < 0.001), medical information (AYA = 22%, HCP = 0%, p = 0.001), e‐consult with nurses (AYA = 30%, HCP = 10%, p < 0.001), e‐consult with physicians (AYA = 38%, HCP = 13%, p = 0.001), and request prescriptions (AYA = 33%, HCP = 21%, p = 0.009).

Conclusion

AYAs' online information and eHealth needs are partially discrepant with the impression HCPs have, which could result in insufficient guidance related to AYAs' needs. AYAs and HCPs should get guidance regarding where to find optimal information in a language they understand. This may contribute to AYAs' access, understanding, and satisfaction regarding online information and eHealth.
Real‐World nivolumab dosing patterns and safety outcomes in patients receiving adjuvant therapy for melanoma
Authors: Samlowski Wolfram , Robert Nicholas J. , Chen Liwei , Schenkel Brad , Davis Catherine , Moshyk Andriy , Kotapati Srividya , Poretta Tayla , Weber Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2022

Background

Nivolumab at a dose of 480 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) is approved for the adjuvant treatment of melanoma. However, real‐world data on this regimen are limited in this setting.

Methods

This retrospective observational study utilized data from the US Oncology Network iKnowMed electronic health record database and patient medical charts. Eligible patients were diagnosed with melanoma and received adjuvant nivolumab monotherapy from March to August 2018. Patients were grouped by dosing regimen: cohort 1 (C1), de novo nivolumab 480 mg Q4W; cohort 2 (C2), switched to nivolumab 480 mg Q4W after nivolumab 240 mg or 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W); cohort 3 (C3), de novo nivolumab 3 mg/kg Q2W; or cohort 4 (C4), de novo nivolumab 240 mg Q2W. Patients were followed for up to 12 months. Duration of therapy and safety/tolerability were assessed.

Results

One hundred ninety‐one patients were included (C1, n = 40; C2, n = 74; C3, n = 22; C4, n = 55). Duration of therapy was relatively consistent across cohorts (median, 10.3 months; range, 8.3–10.7). Likewise, proportions of patients experiencing treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) were similar (range, 54.5%–60.1%), as were the most common events (fatigue, rash, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, nausea, and pruritus). However, proportions experiencing ‘significant’ TRAEs varied between cohorts. Proportions discontinuing treatment were relatively consistent across cohorts. Propensity score matching and sensitivity analyses generally supported the unadjusted findings.

Conclusions

Real‐world safety profiles of nivolumab 240 mg Q2W and 480 mg Q4W were similar, and both were comparable to the well‐documented safety of weight‐based dosing (3 mg/kg Q2W), further supporting their approval and use in the adjuvant setting for melanoma.
Recontextualising moral injury among military veterans: An integrative theoretical review
Authors: Hollis Jake , Hanna Paul , Perman Gemma
Published: July 2022

Moral injury was originally conceived as a socially‐inflicted wound of betrayal experienced by military veterans (Shay, 1994). However, moral injury has since been redefined by psychological researchers as an individualised, predominantly perpetration‐driven, and psychopathological phenomenon (e.g., Currier et al., 2015; Jinkerson, 2016). However, social scientific researchers (e.g., Hodgson & Carey, 2017; Molendijk, 2019; Wiinikka‐Lydon, 2017) have contested mainstream psychology's medicalisation and decontextualisation of moral injury. This theoretical review integrates insights from across these discourses, and brings them into dialogue with ideas from moral psychology, evolutionary science, and community psychology. The aim of this cross‐disciplinary review is to promote a more holistic understanding of moral injury that does justice to its individualandsocial dimensions. Drawing on these different theoretical strands, this paper proposes that moral injury can be best understood as a psychological wound to basic human needs for social belonging and cohesion. The implications of this integrative understanding of moral injury for applied psychologists and other societal actors are explored. While the relevance of moral injury to civilian populations such as health and social care professionals is clear (e.g., Dombo et al., 2013; French et al., 2021), this paper focuses on military veterans, whose experiences originally prompted the coinage of the term. Please refer to theSupplementary Materialsection to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.