bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of the Technical University Graduate Communicative Competency: Analysis of the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Professional Education of the Third Generation
Authors: Клеменцова  , Klementsova N.
Published: October 2016

Communicative competency is considered to be an indispensible part of general cultural training of a graduate of the higher professional education system. The author undertakes the analysis of the definitions of the cultural competences as results of mastering the main syllabi stipulated by the federal state educational standards of the third generation, the aim being to determine the definitions correspondence to the notion of a specialist of a new type and to establish the interpretation of the cultural competency concept by the educational standards. The hopes of getting over the shortcomings of the federal state educational standards of the 3 and 3+ generations regarding the definitions of the expected results of the educational activity are pinned to maximum realization of the potential of language education having cultural competency as a true object of the pedagogical process.
Building Competence Portrait of Modern Literature Teacher
Authors: Фарисенкова  , Farisenkova L. , Леонов  , Leonov I.
Published: October 2016

The article reveals the very relevant problem of the modern pedagogy of

higher school. It is a question: on which competences are based the training

of a modern teacher of literature and how it is regulated. The authors focus

on the personal qualities of students and the dynamics of their professional

training. The article shows the mechanism of formation and control of key

competences of students through system of specially organized training

and production, educational and pedagogical practices.
Do Sympathy Biases Induce Charitable Giving? The Effects of Advertising Content
Authors: Sudhir K. , Roy Subroto , Cherian Mathew
Published: October 2016

We randomize advertising content motivated by the psychology literature on sympathy generation and framing effects in mailings to about 185,000 prospective new donors in India. We find a significant impact on the number of donors and amounts donated consistent with sympathy biases such as the “identifiable victim,” “in-group,” and “reference dependence.” A monthly reframing of the ask amount increases donors and the amount donated relative to daily reframing. A second field experiment targeted to past donors, finds that the effect of sympathy bias on giving is smaller in percentage terms but statistically and economically highly significant in terms of the magnitude of additional dollars raised. Methodologically, the paper complements the work of behavioral scholars by adopting an empirical researchers’ lens of measuring relative effect sizes and economic relevance of multiple behavioral theoretical constructs in the sympathy bias and charity domain within one field setting. Beyond the benefit of conceptual replications, the effect sizes provide guidance to managers on which behavioral theories are most managerially and economically relevant when developing advertising content.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0989 .
Service Marketing and Adoption of Promotional Technology: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bridges Eileen , Hofacker Charles F.
Published: October 2016

This qualitative research used a grounded theory approach to better understand how adoption of technologies that are new to the service organization can impact the nature of interactions between individuals in information technology (IT) and other functional areas; this study focuses on the interface between marketing and IT. Literature-based conceptual development informed in-depth interviews with executives from both functional areas at five growth-oriented service firms, in regard to periods of change related to adopting new marketing technologies. A total of 14 in-depth interviews were completed, with individuals representing dyads comprised of one manager from marketing and one from IT, who experienced the relationship changes that resulted. Findings suggest that, because of the demands of engaging in more intensive collaboration, there is a realized need to develop new workflow processes to assist in decision making and to reduce the likelihood of internal conflict. The enhanced flexibility and range required by individuals involved in the adoption of new promotional technologies were not always a good fit with their personal styles or goals. For instance, there was a decrease in felt power and independence of individuals in the marketing functional area, owing to the need for greater reliance on skills and capabilities of IT personnel. Individuals in each dyad described how they adapted to their new realities, including how they felt, what changes they had to make to adapt, and the resulting modifications in work processes. Perhaps the most interesting outcome of the research is the characterization of the revised internal interaction processes that were developed to allow for improved communication and understanding. The integration of future technology-based marketing tools into managerial decision making will most likely require similar adaptations of workflow processes. It is anticipated that adoption of new technologies at other internal boundaries may also result in similar need for change. Therefore, future research might empirically test the propositions and conceptual model, examining their applicability to technology adoption and workflow change at other internal boundaries as well as in other industries and other locations.
Real-Time Decision Support for Crew Assignment in Double-Ended Districts for U.S. Freight Railways
Authors: Balakrishnan Anantaram , Kuo April , Si Xiaoyan
Published: October 2016

Crew costs are a significant portion of rail operating expenses, and so effective deployment of train crews is an important priority for freight railroads. This paper proposes an optimization model and develops an effective solution approach to assign crews to trains and decide when to deadhead crew members in double-ended crew districts in U.S. freight railways. To solve this model quickly, we develop several modeling and methodological enhancements including methods to reduce the problem size, strengthen the model, and generate good heuristic solutions. Computational testing and validation using 140 real-life problem instances demonstrate that our algorithm can find optimal and implementable solutions very quickly (typically within one minute), making it well-suited for practical use to provide real-time decision support to crew planners.
The value of secondary forest patches for bird conservation in palm oil landscapes of Riau, Sumatra
Authors: ERNIWATI ERNIWATI , ZUHUD ERVIZAL AMIR MUHAMMAD , SANTOSA YANTO , ANAS ISWANDI
Published: October 2016

Erniwati, Zuhud E, Santosa Y, Anas I. 2016. The value of secondary forest patches for bird conservation in palm oil landscapes of Riau, Sumatra. Biodiversitas 17: 791-798. Land use change due to palm oil expansion is considered to be one of the key drivers of biodiversity loss in the tropics, particularly in Indonesia, which is the biggest producer of palm oil in the world. In the last three decades, large scale plantations and smallholdings of palm oil have come to dominate the agricultural landscape, leaving small secondary forest patches surrounded by plantations. We currently have only limited current knowledge about the value of secondary forest patches for bird conservation in the palm oil landscape. The aim of this study was to contribute to our understanding of the value of remnant forest patches, smallholdings, and large scale plantations for bird conservation in the palm oil plantation landscape. We also examined the influence of the age of the palm oil plantations on bird diversity. We conducted the survey from March to April 2016. We surveyed 40 line transects in palm oil landscape in Riau Province, eight transects in secondary forest patches, 16 transects in smallholdings and 16 in a large scale plantation. Seventy three bird species, 41families and 1579 individuals were recorded; 16 species being protected in all sites. Our result showed that secondary forest has higher bird diversity than the palm oil plantations; large scale plantation support higher bird species abundance than smallholdings, while old age stands (>19 year) have higher species abundance within large scalepalm oil plantation. An important management implication arising out of our results is that preserving natural forest patches in a landscape dominated by palm oil plantations is one of the strategies to conserve avifauna diversity.
Effects of water table level on soil CO2 respiration in West Kalimantan forested and bare peatland: An experimental stage
Authors: ASTIANI DWI , BURHANUDDIN BURHANUDDIN , TAHERDJADEH MUHAMMAD , CURRAN LISA M.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Astiani D, Burhanuddin, Taherdjadeh M, Curran LM. 2016. Effects of water table level on soil CO2 respiration in West Kalimantan forested and bare peatland: An experimental stage. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 201-206. Peatland forest is one of ecosystems that are susceptible to the alterations of water regimes. Our previous study demonstrated that hydrologic conditions are predominant variables in determining carbon respiration rates from peat soils. However, we have limited empirical measures of how hydrologic conditions (i.e., soil water table) affect the carbon respirations. A study had been conducted to ascertain the effects of water table levels on soil CO2 respirations of West Kalimantan coastal forested and bare peatland. We simulated natural intact peat core condition by designing 25 of "a double bucket" water level experiment using 5 levels of water tables (0-40cm) and measure soil CO2 respiration at soil surfaces. Results showed that water table levels significantly affected soil CO2 respiration, as well as peat microclimate conditions. Results also demonstrated that forest canopy had significant effects on reducing peat CO2 respiration through its function in maintaining site-environment conditions compared to bare peatland site. This study reveals that it is important to maintain peatland water level close to peat surface and to maintain forest/vegetation covered on peatlands to reduce soil CO2 emissions.
Influence of preharvest nano calcium applications on postharvest of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum)
Authors: AMINI FARIBA , BAYAT LADAN , HOSSEINKHANI SHIMA
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Amini F, Bayat L, Hosseinkhani S. 2016. Influence of preharvest nano calcium applications on postharvest of sweet pepper (Capsicum annum). Nusantara Bioscience 8: 215-220. The effect of preharvest nano calcium treatment on the quality, physicochemical parameters and antioxidative enzyme activities of sweet pepper fruits were evaluated. For this purpose, sweet pepper plants treated with three concentrations (0, 4 and 8 g/L) of nano calcium in five steps (50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after pepper planting). 100 days after pepper planting, fruits were harvested and packaged in plastic bags and stored at 20±3 0C, then total soluble solids, pH, weight loss, carotenoids, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, calcium, protein and the activities of total antioxidant enzymes, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase were evaluated at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days of storage period. Nano calcium treated fruits had lower levels of total soluble solids, pH, weight loss, carotenoids, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and higher levels of titrable acidity, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, calcium and protein compared to the control plants. The increase percentage of titrable acidity, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls, calcium and protein contents in plants treated with 4 g/L nano calcium and 21 days storage period were calculated 68.86%, 41.89%, 81.17%, 78.57%, 80.81%, 21.46% and 83.30% respectively. The maximum activities of total antioxidant enzymes, catalase and guailcol peroxidase were observed in 21 days control plants that application of nano calcium decreased these antioxidant activities. In most parameters 4 g/L concentration was more effective. Therefore, commercial application of preharvest nano calcium (4 g/L) can be considered for the maintenance of quality of sweet peppers during storage and marketing.
Early Rule-Out and Rule-In Strategies for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cullen Louise A , Mills Nicholas L , Mahler Simon , Body Richard
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

Patients with chest pain comprise a large proportion of emergency presentations and place a major burden on healthcare resources. Therefore, efforts to safely and rapidly identify those with and without acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are needed. The challenge for clinicians is to accurately identify patients with acute coronary syndromes, while balancing the need to safely and rapidly reassure and discharge those without serious conditions.

CONTENT

This review summarizes the evidence to date on optimum accelerated strategies for the rule-in and rule-out of AMI, using strategies focused on optimum use of troponin results. Evidence based on both sensitive and highly sensitive troponin assay results is presented. The use of novel biomarkers is also addressed and the combination of biomarkers with other clinical information in accelerated diagnostic strategies is discussed.

The majority of patients, who are not at risk of myocardial infarction or other serious harm, may be suitable for discharge directly from the emergency setting using approaches focused on troponin algorithms and accelerated diagnostic protocols. Evidence about the clinical and health economic impact of use of such strategies is needed, as they may have major benefits for both patients and healthcare providers.
Myocardial Infarction Type 2 and Myocardial Injury
Authors: Sandoval Yader , Thygesen Kristian
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

The development and implementation of sensitive and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays has not only expedited the early ruling in and ruling out of acute myocardial infarction, but has also contributed to the identification of patients at risk for myocardial injury with necrosis, as confirmed by the presence of cardiac troponin concentrations above the 99th percentile. Myocardial injury with necrosis may occur either in the presence of overt ischemia from myocardial infarction, or in the absence of overt ischemia from myocardial injury accompanying other conditions. Myocardial infarction type 2 (T2MI) has been a focus of attention; conceptually T2MI occurs in a clinical setting with overt myocardial ischemia where a condition other than an acute atherothrombotic event is the major contributor to a significant imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and/or demand. Much debate has surrounded T2MI and its interrelationship with myocardial injury.

CONTENT

We provide a detailed overview of the current concepts and challenges regarding the definition, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of T2MI, as well as the interrelationship to myocardial injury, and emphasize several critical clinical concepts for both clinicians and researchers moving forward.

T2MI and myocardial injury are frequently encountered in clinical practice and are associated with poor outcomes in both the short term and long term. Diagnostic strategies to facilitate the clinical distinction between ischemic myocardial injury with or without an acute atheroma-thrombotic event vs non–ischemic-mediated myocardial injury conditions are urgently needed, as well as evidence-based therapies tailored toward improving outcomes for patients with T2MI.
Application of Cardiac Troponin in Cardiovascular Diseases Other Than Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Eggers Kai M , Lindahl Bertil
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND

Increased cardiac troponin concentrations in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) identify patients with ongoing cardiomyocyte necrosis who are at increased risk. However, with the use of more precise assays, cardiac troponin increases are commonly noted in other cardiovascular conditions as well. This has generated interest in the use of cardiac troponin for prognostic assessment and clinical management of these patients. In this review, we have summarized the data from studies investigating the implications of cardiac troponin concentrations in various acute and chronic conditions beyond ACS, i.e., heart failure, myocarditis, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection, supraventricular arrhythmias, valve disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, stroke, and in the perioperative setting.

CONTENT

Cardiac troponin concentrations are often detectable and frankly increased in non-ACS conditions, in particular when measured with high-sensitivity (hs) assays. With the exception of myocarditis and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, cardiac troponin concentrations carry strong prognostic information, mainly with respect to mortality, or incipient and/or worsening heart failure. Studies investigating the prognostic benefit associated with cardiac troponin–guided treatments however, are almost lacking and the potential role of cardiac troponin in the management of non-ACS conditions is not defined.

Increased cardiac troponin indicates increased risk for adverse outcome in patients with various cardiovascular conditions beyond ACS. Routine measurement of cardiac troponin concentrations can however, not be generally recommended unless there is a suspicion of ACS. Nonetheless, any finding of an increased cardiac troponin concentration in a patient without ACS should at least prompt the search for possible underlying conditions and these should be managed meticulously according to current guidelines to improve outcome.
开放获取及出版的标准
Authors: Olijhoek Tom , Shen Cenyu , Mitchell Dominic , Bjørnshauge Lars , Bi Xin , Zhai Yanhong
Published: October 2016

本文介绍 Directory of Open Access Journals（DOAJ）的历史和现状。简要回顾 DOAJ 的历史后，本文详细阐述了 DOAJ对开放获取、知识产权和问题出版商所采取的政策。本文的大部分篇幅用来介绍 DOAJ 如何使用新的收录标准来评估开放获取期刊，为何选取 7 个附加条件作为 DOAJ 印章的收录标准。本文的最后一部分阐述了 DOAJ 将来可能为研究人员和出版商提供的服务，包括数据库搜索和元数据的上传。现今的 DOAJ 平台更强大，数据库更稳定，服务进一步提升，已允许用户上传并整合元数据。
Vulnerabilidade dos Aquíferos Cársticos Sapucari e Maruim, bacia sedimentar de Sergipe-Alagoas
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela Dantas de Menezes , Nascimento Sergio Augusto de Morais , Garcia Antonio Jorge Vasconcellos
Published: October 2016

Os aquíferos cársticos Sapucari e Maruim são importantes reservas hídricas, responsáveis pelo abastecimento dos municípios de sua abrangência e da grande Aracaju/SE. Os aquíferos cársticos possuem interesse notável, uma vez que as rochas carbonáticas ocupam extensas áreas, com características hidrológicas distintas de grande importância por suas reservas, vazões e qualidade da água. O trabalho teve como objetivo gerar o mapa de vulnerabilidade à contaminação dos aquíferos cársticos com aplicação do método EPIK e identificar áreas suscetíveis à contaminação das suas águas. Este método considera 4 parâmetros: Desenvolvimento de Epicarste (E); Importância da Cobertura de Proteção (P); Condições de Infiltração (I); e Desenvolvimento de rede Cárstica (C). As classes de vulnerabilidade apresentadas com a aplicação do método EPIK foram: muito alta, alta e moderada. As áreas com ocorrências de cavernas e feições cársticas como karrens e dolinas apresentaram os maiores valores de vulnerabilidade. As principais atividades potencialmente contaminantes identificadas na área foram: cultivos agrícolas, exploração mineral do calcário, indústria petroquímica, aglomerados urbanos, postos de gasolina e presença dos campos petrolíferos. Dados qualitativos de águas subterrâneas indicaram a presença de contaminação por óleos e graxas em dois poços nos municípios de Laranjeiras e Nossa Senhora do Socorro oriunda de postos de combustíveis, entre outros.
Bentham, Rights and Humanity: A Fight in Three Rounds
Authors: Alexander Amanda
Published: October 2016

Utilitarianism, especially in the classical form advocated by Jeremy Bentham, is frequently and fiercely attacked for its inability to acknowledge and guarantee rights. Whether the example proffered is the punishment of the innocent, torture, murder or any other repugnant act, the accusation remains the same: Jeremy Bentham does not respect rights. Bentham himself would have assented to this statement – and with enthusiasm.
Nonsense Upon Stilts, his response to the 1789 French
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen(the
Declaration), is a devastating philosophical and political critique of the concept of natural rights. Indeed, Bentham’s destruction of the natural foundations of rights was so thorough that no one has managed to restore them.
GREEN DENSITY: A Transdisciplinary Research and Teaching Project for the Design of Sustainable Neighbourhoods
Authors: Rey Emmanuel , Lufkin Sophie
Published: October 2016

The GREEN DENSITY transdisciplinary research and teaching project focuses on the Waldstadt sector, a strip of forest bordering the city of Bern. This strategic site, likely to host new inhabitants and jobs close to public transport, is particularly adapted to explore urban
densification issues. The objective is to experiment, compare and evaluate diverse possible urban forms for the development of such a site. The process includes the elaboration of six urban and architectural visions from students’ projects developed within Rey's studio at Ecole
polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and their transdisciplinary multi-criteria assessment.
A Transdisciplinary Approach to Research on Early Childhood Education
Authors: Burger Kaspar
Published: October 2016

There is much debate on early childhood education in research, politics, and society at large. Furthermore, early childhood education research and policy have become increasingly complex and multidimensional. Nonetheless, transdisciplinary research frameworks are still scarce. This
report gives insights into a project that used a transdisciplinary approach, outlining its conceptualization and its potential for the definition and analysis of issues that transcend traditional boundaries between academic disciplines, academic and nonacademic knowledge production, and different
domains of society.
A Harmonic Way to Transdisciplinarity: Experience from Global Health Development
Authors: Tanner Marcel
Published: October 2016

Aiming at generating innovative solutions to mitigate global health challenges through working along the continuum from innovation to application harmonically leads to a transdisciplinary understanding of, and practice for, health and social development. The One Health approach
is presented as a case study where a transdisciplinary concept and approach is validated in different social, cultural and ecological settings, and is subsequently put into public health practice leading to a measurable impact for human and animal health and well-being of the communities
concerned.
Die Energienachfrage steuern: Handlungsempfehlungen zur Nutzung von Smart-Meter-Daten
Authors: Carabias Vicente , Eschenauer Ursula , Kuehn Tobias , Lobsiger-Kögi Evelyn , Mildenberger Thoralf
Published: October 2016

Mit digitalen Stromzählern - smart meter - können Strom-kund(inn)en zu energieeffizientem Verhalten motiviert werden. Mit Expert(inn)en aus Forschung und Praxis hat die saguf-Arbeitsgruppe Energiezukunft Handlungsempfehlungen zur Nutzung von Smart-Meter-Daten
sowie zum optimierten Stromverbrauch erarbeitet.
Beyond Planned Obsolescence: Product Lifespans and the Challenges to a Circular Economy
Authors: Wieser Harald
Published: October 2016

Shrinking product lifespans, whose side-effects include increased natural resource use and greenhouse gas emissions, are negatively impacting the environment. The circular economy and bans on built-in obsolescence are widely embraced as solutions to today's “throwaway society”.
The serious limitations of both strategies, however, can be illustrated by analysing a marketing campaign of the Austrian mobile phone provider T-Mobile. A successful policy to encourage longer product lifespans requires measures beyond bans on built-in obsolescence together with a circular
economy model accounting for both efficiency and sufficiency.
Forschen für nachhaltige Entwicklung: Kriterien für gesellschaftlich verantwortliche Forschungsprozesse
Authors: Helming Katharina , Ferretti Johanna , Daedlow Katrin , Podhora Aranka , Kopfmüller Jürgen , Winkelmann Markus , Bertling Jürgen , Walz Rainer
Published: October 2016

Forschung spielt eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Gestaltung nachhaltiger Entwicklung. Diese gesellschaftliche Verantwortung spiegelt sich nicht nur in Forschungsinhalten, sondern auch in der Durchführung von Forschung. Wir haben einen Reflexionsrahmen entwickelt, der acht Kriterien
für gesellschaftlich verantwortliche Forschungsprozesse umfasst und damit dieses “Wie” der Forschung systematisiert. Er adressiert Anforderungen bezüglich gesellschaftlicher Verantwortung in Forschungsprozessen aller Forschungsfelder und erfordert eine Auseinandersetzung
mit möglichen Zielkonflikten.
The marks of the public choice theory in the modern classical writings
Kamu tercihi teorisinin modern klasiklerdeki izleri
Authors: Kalkan Buğra , Özkan Devrim
Published: October 2016

Public choice, emerged as an economic theory with regard its methodology but focused on political decision making processes and political institutions, has increased its influence on political science in the last twenty years. It is claimed that public choice is a radical disengagement from conventional political studies due to its neo-classical tools applied to politics. But it could also be claimed that public choice has done nothing new but just revived the old topics with a new theoretical tool set, considering the subjects that were examined by the classical political theorists. In this paper, the roots of the subjects examined by public choice theory in the classical writings of the political philosophers are analysed,concerning the problem of social coordination role of the state. These classical thinkers are specified as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke and Hume.  ÖzetYöntem bakımından ekonomi disiplininden çıkmış olmakla birlikte, konusu itibariyle politik karar süreçlerini ve politik kurumları inceleyen kamu tercihi teorisi, özellikle son yirmi yıldır politika bilimindeki etkinliğini artırmıştır. Kamu tercihinin, neo-klasik iktisadın pek çok aracını politikaya uyarladığı gerekçesi ile geleneksel politika araştırmalarından radikal bir kopuşu temsil ettiği ileri sürülür. Ancak modern politik teorinin bazı klasik filozoflarının ele aldıkları temel konular incelendiğinde, kamu tercihi teorisinin, bu geleneksel sorunsalları yeni teorik kavram setleri ile yeniden canlandırmaktan öte bir iş yapmadıkları da iddia edilebilir. Bu çalışmada devletin ortaya çıkışı ve devletin sosyal işbirliğini sağlamada oynadığı rol üzerinden kamu tercihinin ele aldığı konuların klasik politika yazarlarındaki kökleri incelenmektedir. Bu klasik yazarlar, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke ve Hume olarak belirlenmiştir.
The Charity Beauty Premium: Satisfying Donors’ “Want” versus “Should” Desires
Authors: Cryder Cynthia , Botti Simona , Simonyan Yvetta
Published: October 2016

Despite widespread conviction that neediness should be a top priority for charitable giving, this research documents a “charity beauty premium” in which donors often choose beautiful, but less needy, charity recipients instead. The authors propose that donors hold simultaneous yet incongruent preferences of wanting to support beautiful recipients (who tend to be judged as less needy), but believing they should support needy recipients. The authors also posit that preferences for beautiful recipients are most likely to emerge when decisions are intuitive, whereas preferences for needy recipients are most likely to emerge when decisions are deliberative. These propositions are tested in several ways. First, when a beautiful recipient is included in basic choice sets, this recipient becomes the most popular option and increases donor satisfaction. Second, heightening deliberation steers choices away from beautiful recipients and toward needier ones. Third, donors explicitly state that they “want” to give to beautiful recipients but “should” give to less beautiful, needier ones. Taken together, these findings reconcile and extend previous and sometimes conflicting results about beauty and generosity.
TV Channel Search and Commercial Breaks
Authors: Yao Song , Wang Wenbo , Chen Yuxin
Published: October 2016

This study investigates time lapses that interrupt product consumption. Preeminent examples are commercial breaks during television or radio programming. The authors suggest that breaks facilitate consumers’ search for alternatives. Specifically, when there is so much uncertainty that consumers are unclear about utility levels of different products, they engage in costly search to resolve the uncertainty. For TV programming, breaks lower the opportunity cost of search, allowing the consumer to sample alternative channels without further interrupting the viewing experience on the current channel. Using data from the Chinese TV market, the authors estimate a sequential search model to study consumer TV channel choice behavior. The data contain a quasi-natural experiment due to a Chinese government policy change on commercial breaks. The natural experiment creates exogenous variations in the data that enable the empirical identification of heterogeneous consumer preference and search cost. The data patterns support the idea that viewers search for alternatives during commercial breaks. Drawing on the estimates, the authors investigate how the timing of breaks affects TV channels’ viewership, offering insights about how to strategically adjust the timing of breaks.
Uniform continuity and Brézis–Lieb-type splitting for superposition operators in Sobolev space
Authors: Ackermann Nils
Published: October 2016

Using concentration-compactness arguments, we prove a variant of the Brézis–Lieb-Lemma under weaker assumptions on the nonlinearity than known before. An intermediate result on the uniform continuity of superposition operators in Sobolev space is of independent interest.
On a Biharmonic Equation with Steep Potential Well and Indefinite Potential
Authors: Huang Yisheng , Liu Zeng , Wu Yuanze
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we study the following biharmonic equations:

{

Δ
2

⁢
u

-

a
0

⁢
Δ
⁢
u

+

(

λ
⁢
b
⁢

(
x
)

+

b
0

)

⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

in

⁢

ℝ
N

,

u
∈

H
2

⁢

(

ℝ
N

)

,

$\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle\Delta^{2}u-a_{0}\Delta u+(\lambda b(x)+b% _{0})u=f(u)&\hskip 10.0pt\text{in }\mathbb{R}^{N},\\ &\displaystyle u\in H^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{N}),\end{aligned}\right.$

where

N
≥
3

${N\geq 3}$

,

a
0

,

b
0

∈
ℝ

${a_{0},b_{0}\in\mathbb{R}}$

are two constants,

λ
>
0

${\lambda>0}$

is a parameter,

b
⁢

(
x
)

≥
0

${b(x)\geq 0}$

is a potential well and

f
⁢

(
t
)

∈

C
⁢

(
ℝ
)

${f(t)\in C(\mathbb{R})}$

is subcritical and superlinear or asymptotically linear at infinity. By the Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality, we make some observations on the operator

Δ
2

-

a
0

⁢
Δ

+

λ
⁢
b
⁢

(
x
)

+

b
0

${\Delta^{2}-a_{0}\Delta+\lambda b(x)+b_{0}}$

in

H
2

⁢

(

ℝ
N

)

${H^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{N})}$

. Based on these observations, we give a new variational setting to the above problem for

a
0

<
0

${a_{0}<0}$

. With this new variational setting in hands, we establish some new existence results of the nontrivial solutions for all

a
0

<
0

${a_{0}<0}$

with λ sufficiently large by the variational method. The concentration behavior of the nontrivial solution for

λ
→

+
∞

${\lambda\to+\infty}$

is also obtained. It is worth pointing out that it seems to be the first time that the nontrivial solution of the above problem is obtained for all

a
0

<
0

${a_{0}<0}$

.
Concentration Phenomena for Fractional Elliptic Equations Involving Exponential Critical Growth
Authors: Alves Claudianor O. , do Ó João Marcos , Miyagaki Olímpio H.
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we deal with the singular perturbed fractional elliptic problem

ε
⁢

(

-
Δ

)

1
/
2

⁢
u

+

V
⁢

(
z
)

⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
u
)

$\varepsilon(-\Delta)^{1/2}{u}+V(z)u=f(u)$

in

ℝ

$\mathbb{R}$

, where

(

-
Δ

)

1
/
2

⁢
u

${(-\Delta)^{1/2}u}$

is the square root of the Laplacian and

f
⁢

(
s
)

${f(s)}$

has exponential critical growth. Under suitable conditions on

f
⁢

(
s
)

${f(s)}$

, we construct a localized bound state solution concentrating at an isolated component of the positive local minimum points of the potential of V as ε goes to 0.
Besicovitch Covering Property on graded groups and applications to measure differentiation
Authors: Le Donne Enrico , Rigot Séverine
Published: October 2016

We give a complete answer to which homogeneous groups admit homogeneous distances for which the Besicovitch Covering Property (BCP) holds. In particular, we prove that a stratified group admits homogeneous distances for which BCP holds if and only if the group has step 1 or 2. These results are obtained as consequences of a more general study of homogeneous quasi-distances on graded groups. Namely, we prove that a positively graded group admits continuous homogeneous quasi-distances satisfying BCP if and only if any two different layers of the associated positive grading of its Lie algebra commute. The validity of BCP has several consequences. Its connections with the theory of differentiation of measures is one of the main motivations of the present paper. As a consequence of our results, we get for instance that a stratified group can be equipped with some homogeneous distance so that the differentiation theorem holds for each locally finite Borel measure if and only if the group has step 1 or 2. The techniques developed in this paper allow also us to prove that sub-Riemannian distances on stratified groups of step 2 or higher never satisfy BCP. Using blow-up techniques this is shown to imply that on a sub-Riemannian manifold the differentiation theorem does not hold for some locally finite Borel measure.
Sharply 2-transitive groups of characteristic 0
Authors: Rips Eliyahu , Tent Katrin
Published: October 2016

We construct sharply 2-transitive groups of characteristic 0 without regular
normal subgroups. These groups act sharply 2-transitively by conjugation on their involutions. This answers a long-standing open question.
Pathogenicity of Phytophthora isolates originating from several woody hosts in Bulgaria and Poland
Authors: Lyubenova Aneta B. , Nowakowska Justyna A. , Sikora Katarzyna , Kostov Kaloyan , Borys Małgorzata , Slavov Slavtcho B. , Oszako Tomasz
Published: October 2016

Our aim was to examine the virulence of eight Phytophthora isolates belonging to three species (Phytophthora cryptogea, Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora quercina) obtained from diverse European ecosystems (in Bulgaria, Poland and Germany) towards three forest tree hosts – English oak (Quercus robur L.), Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).

All plants grown from seeds in a greenhouse conditions were artificially inoculated under the stem bark with Phytophthora cultures. The tested isolates turned to be more aggressive to Turkey oaks than to English oak trees. In case of European beech, the isolates of P. cryptogea and P. plurivora exposed various virulence. The potential hazard of the introduced foreign isolates for the oak and beech forests in Poland and Bulgaria is discussed. Amongst the tested isolates, P. quercina P290 from German highly infected Bulgarian Turkey oaks; therefore, its negative potential impact on Bulgarian oak forests could be considered as high (if unintentionally introduced). Also, two Bulgarian isolates belonging to P. cryptogea and P. plurivora are risky for Polish beech forests, if exposed to the pathogen. The observed pathogenicity of the tested Phytophthora species proved their potential as important contributors to decline of valuable forest ecosystems dominated by oaks (Q. robur and Q. cerris) or beech (F. sylvatica), in both Poland and Bulgaria. We found that investigated Phytophthora pathogens could develop in the living plant stem tissues without causing any disease symptoms, which is another demonstration that phytosanitary control by simple observation of plant material is not effective.
Phytophthora quercina infections in elevated CO2 concentrations
Authors: Oszako Tomasz , Sikora Katarzyna , Borys Małgorzata , Kubiak Katarzyna A. , Tkaczyk Miłosz
Published: October 2016

In the last decades, a new wave of oak decline has been observed in Poland. The most important pathogenic organisms involved in this phenomenon are probably soil-borne pathogens Phytophthoragenus, especially P. quercina. In this work, we sought to test the influence of elevated CO2 concentration on the susceptibility of oaks (Quercus robur L.) to infection by P. quercina. In order to test the susceptibility of oak fine roots to infection, we applied phosphite-based fertiliser Actifos in 0.6% concentration. One-year-old oak seedlings were grown for one year in greenhouse with either an ambient atmosphere (400 ppm CO2) or an elevated (800 ppm) concentration of CO2. Oaks grown at the elevated CO2 concentration developed longer shoots as proved by statistically significant differences. However, there was no difference in the development of root systems. The application of Actifos had a positive significant effect on the development of shoots and the surface area of fine roots under the elevated CO2 concentration.
Symptoms of the naturalisation of the Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) in Polish forests
Authors: Danielewicz Władysław , Kiciński Piotr , Wiatrowska Blanka
Published: October 2016

The Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.), the natural range of which embraces southern Europe and Asia Minor, belongs to trees rarely introduced into Polish forests. Tree stands where it appears, established before the Second World War, can be found in some 20 localities, mostly in the western part of the country. Because this species is capable of a natural renewal in a woodland environment, a research was made to find in what conditions and how far it undergoes spontaneous naturalisation. Three study sites were chosen in the forests of central Wielkopolska. An inventory was made of mature stands of the Turkey oak and its generative renewal. Plant communities in which the young generation of Q. cerris usually appears were characterised. It was found that self-sown seedlings of this species grew at a distance of up to 2,500 m from parent trees. The highest number and the greatest density of specimens of the secondary generation of the Turkey oak were found at ‘Racot’, which is a 100-hectare, mid-field woodland island where mesotrophic habitats predominate and where about 50% of the area is occupied by communities with manmade pine tree stands. At all sites, Q. cerris penetrates primarily this type of deformed phytocoenoses, developing mostly on former farmland. It has become a permanent component of the underbrush and undergrowth in them, and in some places, it also makes up the tree layer. It was observed that in the study area, it penetrated the woodland environment much more effectively than Quercus rubra, considered an invasive species. The expansion of the Turkey oak in several of the examined localities can be regarded as a basic manifestation of its naturalisation in places where there are phytocoenoses with pine stands in broad-leaf forest habitats in the neighbourhood of parent trees.
Ozone phytotoxicity in the Western Carpathian Mountains in Slovakia
Authors: Bičárová Svetlana , Sitková Zuzana , Pavlendová Hana
Published: October 2016

In this work, the response of temperate coniferous forests to ozone air pollution (O3) in the mountain environment of the High Tatra Mts. (Western Carpathians) was analyzed. The modelling of stomatal O3 flux is a complex method for the estimation of phytotoxicity of O3 pollution to forest vegetation. Stomatal flux-based critical levels (CLef) for effects of O3 on radial growth take into account the varying influences of O3 concentration, meteorological variables, soil properties, and phenology. The application of the model DO3SE (Deposition of Ozone for Stomatal Exchange) at five experimental plots with altitudes varying from 810 to 1,778 m a.s.l. along vertical and spatial profile in the High Tatra Mts. revealed the high phytotoxic potential of O3 on spruce forests during the growing season 2014. The accumulated stomatal O3 flux above a threshold of Y (1 nmol m−2 s−1), i.e. POD1 (Phytotoxic Ozone Dose) ranged from 13.6 mmol m−2 at the Kolové pleso site (1,570 m a.s.l.) to 16.2 mmol m−2 at Skalnaté Pleso site (1,778 m a.s.l.). CLef for POD1 (8 mmol m−2) recommended for the protection of spruce forests were exceeded at all experimental plots from early July. Similarly, AOT40 index suggests vulnerability of mountain forests to O3 pollution. AOT40 values increased with altitude and reached values varying from 6.2 ppm h in Stará Lesná (810 m a.s.l.) to 10.7 ppm h at Skalnaté Pleso close to the timber line (1,778 m a.s.l.). Concentration-based critical level (CLec) of 5,000 ppb h was exceeded from June to August and was different for each experimental site.
Forest management economics based on forest typology
Authors: Kupčák Václav , Pulkrab Karel , Sloup Roman , Beníčková Anna
Published: October 2016

In forest management, natural conditions have long been systemized by groups of forest habitat types (GFHT). Based on them, appropriate economic measures can be taken and economic efficiency of silviculture calculated. Management intensity, the term related only to timber production in the past, has recently been defined more broadly within the sustainable, close-to-nature forest management concept. It includes economic-ecological and efficient management, and reflects potential production as well as ecological effects of forest stands. Nature and natural development are preferred where artificial interventions are unnecessary (Plíva 2000). This concept uses a specific GFHT as the elementary unit as it allows to exactly identify ecological and economic potential, management measures, quantification and monetary expression of elementary components of economic efficiency. Such optimization of management measures and their economic projections analysis can be considered a comprehensive biological-ecological-economic analysis.
Subgroups of direct products closely approximated by direct sums
Authors: Ferrer Maria , Hernández Salvador , Shakhmatov Dmitri
Published: October 2016

Let I be an infinite set, let

{

G
i

:

i
∈
I

}

{\{G_{i}:i\in I\}}

be a family of (topological) groups and let

G
=

∏

i
∈
I

G
i

{G=\prod_{i\in I}G_{i}}

be its direct product.
For

J
⊆
I

{J\subseteq I}

,

p
J

:

G
→

∏

j
∈
J

G
j

{p_{J}:G\to\prod_{j\in J}G_{j}}

denotes the projection.
We say that a subgroup H of
G
is

(i)

uniformly controllable
in G
provided that
for every finite set

J
⊆
I

{J\subseteq I}

there exists a finite set

K
⊆
I

{K\subseteq I}

such that

p
J

⁢

(
H
)

=

p
J

⁢

(

H
∩

⊕

i
∈
K

G
i

)

{p_{J}(H)=p_{J}(H\cap\bigoplus_{i\in K}G_{i})}

,

(ii)

controllable
in G provided that

p
J

⁢

(
H
)

=

p
J

⁢

(

H
∩

⊕

i
∈
I

G
i

)

{p_{J}(H)=p_{J}(H\cap\bigoplus_{i\in I}G_{i})}

for every finite set

J
⊆
I

{J\subseteq I}

,

(iii)

weakly controllable in G
if

H
∩

⊕

i
∈
I

G
i

{H\cap\bigoplus_{i\in I}G_{i}}

is dense in H, when G is equipped with the Tychonoff product topology.

One easily proves that (i) 

⇒

{\Rightarrow}

 (ii) 

⇒

{\Rightarrow}

 (iii).
We thoroughly investigate the question as to when these two arrows can be
reversed. We prove that the first arrow can be reversed when H is compact,
but the second arrow cannot be reversed even when H is compact.
Both arrows can be reversed if all groups

G
i

{G_{i}}

are finite.
When

G
i

=
A

{G_{i}=A}

for all

i
∈
I

{i\in I}

, where A is an abelian group, we show that the first arrow can be reversed for all subgroups H of G if and only if
A is finitely generated.
We also describe compact groups topologically isomorphic to a direct product of countably many cyclic groups.
Connections with coding theory are highlighted.
Endpoint estimates for multilinear singular integral operators
Authors: Lin Yan
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we establish
three kinds of endpoint estimates for a class of multilinear singular integral operators and obtain the boundedness of this kind of multilinear singular integral operators on the product of BMO spaces, product of LMO spaces, and product of λ-central BMO spaces, respectively.
Moreover, as special cases, the corresponding results of multilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators
can be deduced.
On nonlinear boundary value problems for higher order functional differential equations
Authors: Kiguradze Ivan , Sokhadze Zaza
Published: October 2016

For higher order nonlinear functional differential equations, sufficient conditions for the solvability and unique solvability of some nonlinear nonlocal boundary value problems are established.
Mineral Phases in Carbonate Rocks of the Górażdże Beds from the Area of Opole Silesia
Authors: Stanienda Katarzyna
Published: October 2016

This article presents the results of studies of carbonate rock samples that came from all members of the Górażdże Beds (Lower Muschelkalk – Middle Triassic), taken from the area of the Opole Silesia. Researches allowed the types of mineral phases which built the analyzed rocks to be determined. The limestone samples were collected in the Ligota Dolna Quarry, Strzelce Opolskie Quarry, Wysoka Quarry and the area of Saint Anne Mountain. Thirteen samples were taken from the Ligota Dolna Deposit, 4 samples – in the Strzelce Opolskie Quarry and 5 samples – in the area of St. Anne Mountain. Selected rock samples were examined using a microscope with polarized, transmitted light, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and microprobe measurements E PMA.

The results of the study show that the limestone of the Górażdże Beds from the area of Opole Silesia do not exhibit diversified types according to the Ca and Mg content of. They are characterized by the Ca and Mg high purity of geochemical composition, as well as the domination of the low magnesium calcite. There are lower contents of carbonate phases rich in magnesium – high magnesium calcite (high-Mg calcite, which is also known as magnesio-calcite) and dolomite. The majority of the data was obtained through the results of the FTIR spectroscopy and microprobe measurements. Some information gave the results of microscopic analysis. The results of X-ray diffraction indicate the occurrence only low magnesium calcite in the studied samples. Dolomite was identified in some samples of Górażdże Beds and high magnesium calcite – in sample of the Wysoka Micrite Member. Smaller amounts of non-carbonate phases occurred in the analyzed rocks. Quartz, chalcedony, feldspars, micas and clay minerals were identified among the non-carbonate phases.

The small diversification of the geochemical composition of the Górażdże limestones could be connected with their sedimentation environment conditions. These rocks represent the type of barrier sediments, which were formed during the sea transgression.