bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photolytic Activation of Ni(II)X2(dtbbpy) Explains How Ni-Mediated Cross Coupling Begins
Authors: Kudisch Max , Hooper Reagan , Valloli Lakshmy , Earley Justin , Zieleniewska Anna , Yu Jin , DiLuzio Stephen , Sayre Hannah , Zhang Xiaoyi , Bird Matthew , Cordones-Hahn Amy , Rumbles Garry , Reid Obadiah
Published: September 2024

We show that Ni-mediated carbon-carbon cross coupling can be initiated by trans- formation of Ni(II)X2(dtbbpy) to Ni(I)X(dtbbpy) by light. Photolysis of the Ni(II)- X bond (X= Cl, Br) either via direct excitation or triplet energy transfer produces Ni(I)X(dtbbpy) and a halogen radical, X•. Hydrogen atom abstraction, often from the solvent, subsequently produces a C(sp3) radical, R•, that recombines with Ni(I) to form novel organonickel(II) complexes, Ni(II)XR(dtbbpy). These solvent-derived organonickel(II) species can be subsequently photolyzed back to Ni(I), thereby serving as a reservoir state that protects the system from Ni dimer formation and deactivation. A combination of x-ray absorption (XAS), nuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR), elec- tronic absorption (UV-Vis), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies confirm the identity of the final photo-products, whilst the R• addition to Ni(I) was in- dependently observed via pulse radiolysis and found to form the same NiXR(dtbbpy) complex on the μs timescale. Finally, subsequent irradiation of the NiXR(dtbbpy) reservoir state converts it to known NiX(Caryl)(dtbbpy) compounds in the presence of an aryl bromide. These results explain how Ni(II) pre-catalysts convert to Ni(I) and ultimately drive oxidative addition of aryl halides in many pivotal methodologies for C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond formation, for example in cross electrophile couplings and C-H activations.
Virtual Electrode plating XPS Investigation of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase formed between Li Metal Anode and LGPS and LAGP Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Liang Yi , Burton Matthew , Jagger Ben , Guo Hua , Ihli Johannes , Pasta Mauro
Published: September 2024

In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques have proven to be powerful tools for the characterisation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed between the anode and solid electrolyte (SE) in solid-state batteries. XPS offers access to time and operational condition-resolved information on the SEI’s chemical composition in the absence of destructive sample preparation. Here we present a Virtual Electrode Plating XPS (VEP-XPS) investigation of the composition and stability of the SEI formed between lithium metal and two different solid electrolytes: Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS)andLi1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP). LAGP shows slower SEI formation kinetics, as proven by the emergence of a metallic lithium signal, while LGPS exhibits rapid SEI growth that prevents metallic lithium from plating. We attribute these observations to the SEI composition, distribution and physical properties of secondary de- composition products and in particular to the mixed ion-electron conductive Li3P which can be observed in LGPS and not in LAGP
Thermodynamics of Polyethylene Glycol Intrusion in Microporous Water
Authors: Calvin Jason , DelRe Christopher , Erdosy Daniel , Cho Joy , Hong Hyukhun , Mason Jarad
Published: September 2024

Polymers can be used to augment the properties of microporous materials, affording enhanced processability, stability, and compatibility. Manipulating polymers to target specific properties requires detailed knowledge of how different polymer and microporous materials interact, including the factors that determine whether a given polymer intrudes into framework micropores or remains on the external particle surface in different environments. Here, we report a study of the thermodynamics of polyethylene glycol (PEG) intrusion into a representative hydrophobic zeolite (silicalite-1) and metal–organic framework [ZIF-67; Co(2-methylimidazolate)2] in water, both of which can be formed into colloidally stable aqueous dispersions—termed "microporous water"—with dry, guest-accessible pore networks. Through a combination of O2 carrying capacity measurements and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we establish relationships between PEG intrusion behavior, polymer length, polymer end groups, and the structure of the microporous framework. In particular, we find that PEG intrusion is exothermic for silicalite-1 but endothermic for ZIF-67. Our results provide fundamental insights into polymer intrusion in microporous materials that should inform efforts to design composite solids and fluids with enhanced functionality.
Nano Trees: Nanopore signal processing and sublevel fitting using Decision Trees
Authors: Wadhwa Deekshant , Mensing Philipp , Harden James , Branco Paula , Tabard-Cossa Vincent , Briggs Kyle
Published: September 2024

As the complexity of solid-state nanopore experiments increases, analysis of the resulting electrical signals to determine biomolecular details becomes a challenge. State of the art techniques for this task perform poorly when transient signal characteristics approach the bandwidth limitations of the measurement electronics. In this work, we address this challenge through an algorithm, called Nano Trees, for fitting piecewise constant functions. Nano Trees leverages machine learning algorithms to provide accurate fits to the noisy piecewise constant data that is characteristic of nanopore ionic current signals, producing accurate fits on transients as short as twice the rise time of the measurement system. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithm on several real and synthetic datasets. These findings underscore the generalizability and accuracy of this approach in the regime of fast molecular translocations.
Direct coordination of phenol reductants to copper enables the Cu(II) reduction in Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases
Authors: Liao Langxing , Kuang Jian , Peng Wei , Wu Peng , Sang Xianhang , Yin Heng , Tian Changlin , Yu Lu , Wang Binju
Published: September 2024

Copper-dependent lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are key enzymes involved in the breakdown of recalcitrant polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. LPMOs require external electrons for the activations of either O2 or H2O2, which can be supplied by enzymatic electron donors or small molecule reductants. As quite abundant reductants in nature, phenolic compounds can serve as efficient reducing agents for reactions of LPMOs. Despite extensive studies, how phenolic compounds fuel the reactions of LPMOs is enigmatic. In this study, we report a novel mechanism for the reduction of LPMO-Cu(II) by the phenol reductants. Among various mechanisms investigated, we found the most favorable one involves the coordination re-placement of water by the phenol reductant. The coordination of pyrogallol (Pyr) to LPMO-Cu(II) can remarkably facilitate both the electron transfer from Pyr to Cu(II) and the proton transfer from the ligated OH group to the adjacent Glu148, thereby enhancing proton-coupled electron transfer process for the reduction of LPMO-Cu(II). Detailed comparisons and analysis have shown that the different ligand effects between LPMOs and the copper-dependent pMMO can result in the divergent mecha-nisms for Cu(II) reduction in two enzymes. These insights have greatly expanded our understanding on the interaction machin-ery of copper-dependent enzymes with phenol compounds in nature.
Nanostructured and recyclable palladium catalysts for hydrogenation of nitroarenes
Authors: Min Xiaopeng , Wang Yin
Published: September 2024

This work reported the preparation of nanostructured palladium (Pd)-based catalysts that consisted of a magnetic core covered by a layer of functionalized mesoporous silica with Pd nanoparticles grown in situ within the porous channels (Fe3O4@mSiO2-Pd). The optimum Fe3O4@mSiO2-Pd with fine size and uniformly dispersed Pd nanoparticles was obtained on the amino (-NH2) functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica support with Na2PdCl4 as the Pd source. The performance of the synthesized Fe3O4@mSiO2-Pd was evaluated in the catalytic reduction of nitroarenes in aqueous solution with H2(g) as a reducing agent under ambient pressure and temperature. Compared with commercial Pd/SiO2, Fe3O4@mSiO2-Pd exhibited significantly improved reactivity in the reduction of various nitroarenes, which were completely reduced to the corresponding aminoarenes. The enhanced performance of Fe3O4@mSiO2-Pd may be attributed to the formation of small and well dispersed Pd nanoparticles within the confined support and the enhanced accessibility of reactive Pd sites within the mesoporous structure. Furthermore, the Fe3O4@mSiO2-Pd catalyst also showed excellent reusability and could be easily collected by an external magnetic field. Results suggested that the synthesized Fe3O4@mSiO2-Pd can be an effective and sustainable catalyst for hydrogenation of nitro-containing compounds.
A Practical, Large Scale Preparation of Ni(tmeda)(o-tol)Cl
Authors: Stewart Scott , John Morgan , Foster Daven , Moggach Stephen , Koutsantonis George , Dorta Reto
Published: September 2024

A convenient, inexpensive synthesis of the previously reported and well-defined complex Ni(tmeda)(o-tol)Cl is described. This protocol enables rapid and safe access to Ni(tmeda)(o-tol)Cl, obviating the use of the hazardous reagent AlMe3 or the air-sensitive Ni(COD)2. Ni(tmeda)(o-tol) is prepared, from the commercially available and easily synthesized precursor, Ni(acac)2 at room temperature and the product can be isolated at gram scale in air via simple filtration. We expect this simple method to be attractive to chemical industry and academia given the types of solvents, reaction temperature and reagents used.
Insights into the synthesis of a semiconducting nickel bis(dithiolene) coordination polymer
Authors: Kaiyasuan Chokchai , Sathiyan Govindasamy , Harding David J. , Crespy Daniel , Pattanasattayavong Pichaya
Published: September 2024

Nickel bis(dithiolene) complexes are promising candidates for developing coordination polymer n-type semiconductors with a 1D ladder-type structure which are air-stable and highly conductive. A key issue related to these materials is that their synthesis often yields undesired products that greatly limit the degree of polymerization and purity, which then have detrimental effects on their electronic properties. Furthermore, there is still a lack of in-depth identification of these species and understanding of the reaction mechanism. This study explores the mechanism of a reaction forming the coordination polymer nickel-thieno[3,2-b]thiophenetetrathiolate (Ni-TT). We find that the Unoxidized Ni-TT intermediate contains negatively charged polymer chains with Ni2+ counter cations. Oxidation in the final synthetic step occurs primarily at the ligand, resulting in a more neutral Ni-TT. Our study also reveals that the ligand can form dimeric and trimeric species via disulfide bonds as byproducts. These insights provide pivotal knowledge to improve and optimize the synthesis of nickel bis(dithiolene)-based coordination polymers to achieve purity and quality required for electronic applications.
Small Molecule Delivery in Living Cells by Gated Hydrolysis of Phosphinate Ester Dyes: Application to Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Fang Yuan , Zhou Xinqi , Lesiak Lauren , He Yuchen , Brøndsted Frederik , Stains Cliff
Published: September 2024

Theranostic fluorescent platforms are capable of selective delivery of small molecules to target cells with simultaneous optical monitoring. Such technologies promise to significantly reduce off-target effects compared to cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, small molecule approaches are often hindered by relatively complex designs that are required to incorporate a fluorescent reporter, reactive linker, targeting ligand, and cargo into a single molecule. Herein, we provide the first direct evidence for the ability to gate the delivery of small molecule cargos from phosphinate ester-containing Nebraska Red (NR) dyes in vitro and in living cells. This simplified system integrates the fluorescent reporter, reactive linker, and targeting ligand into one species – a phosphinate ester dye. As a proof-of-principle for delivery of drug-like molecules to cells, we develop NR-HOCl-TFMU, which responds to hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a marker of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). NR-HOCl-TFMU is stable for days prior to reaction with HOCl, leading to phosphinate ester hydrolysis and production of a NIR (near-infrared, NR dye) and blue (cargo) fluorescent signal. NR dye fluorescence produced upon reaction with HOCl is directly proportional to cargo release, and NR-HOCl-TFMU is capable of selectively delivering its drug-like, small molecule cargo to AML cells in an HOCl-gated manner. In the long term, we envision the use of this technology to develop HOCl-gated cytotoxin delivery systems targeted towards AML cells. More broadly, this approach provides a potentially generalizable strategy for the development of simplified theranostic agents targeted towards small molecule analytes and enzymatic activities associated with disease.
El régimen de responsabilidad civil por hechos del mayor de edad sin discernimiento
Authors: Salazar Romero Carlos Roberto
Published: September 2024

La reforma del Decreto Legislativo 1384 conllevó la admisión de la posibilidad de que una persona sin discernimiento responda civilmente por el daño que podría ocasionar, sin que ello implique un análisis subjetivo del juez sobre la base del nivel de falta de discernimiento de la persona y el impacto de dicha conducta en su vida diaria. El presente artículo se enfoca en analizar los daños causados por los mayores de edad sin discernimiento, así como en la eventual necesidad de establecer la obligatoriedad de la designación de apoyos en favor de ellos para evitar la generación de daños a terceros. Al respecto, teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de respetar la voluntad y preferencias del mayor de edad sin discernimiento y el respeto a su plena capacidad de ejercicio, se concluye que no es necesario establecer la obligatoriedad del apoyo en favor del mayor de edad sin discernimiento.
Reflexiones sobre la manifestación de la voluntad electrónica en el Código Civil peruano
Authors: Sotelo Dal Pont Raúl Junior
Published: September 2024

El presente artículo desarrolla un sucinto análisis sobre la manifestación de la voluntad como elemento esencial del acto jurídico y la forma en que se pueda expresar a través de medios electrónicos y telemáticos dentro del ordenamiento jurídico peruano. En tal sentido, la investigación inicia con una breve disertación sobre el rol de la manifestación de la voluntad en la creación de actos jurídicos patrimoniales. Por ese motivo, se introducen las modificaciones precisadas por la Ley 27291 a los artículos 141 y 1374 del Código Civil peruano. Ello permite la manifestación de la voluntad con medios electrónicos e inserta al acuse de recibo como forma de recepción, así como incorpora el artículo 141-A respecto de las formalidades prescritas legalmente materializadas mediante sistemas electrónicos de seguridad. El autor reflexiona sobre los argumentos planteados al momento de debatir dicha modificación al Código Civil y la importancia de su aprobación para el desarrollo de la contratación electrónica en el Perú.
Effectiveness of Ice massage on hoku point in labour pain management during the first stage of labour among primiparturients
Authors: K Logambal
Published: September 2024

None
The study of Thai herbal plant extract as a potential therapeutic food ingredient
for preventing the effects of airborne pollutants via in vitro model
Authors: Issara U. , Teerapattarakan N. , Chansiw N. , Siraratruengsuk W.
Published: September 2024

Thai herbal plant is known as medicinal plant material for several treatments of diseases
particularly non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This work aimed to investigate the
potentiality of three plant extracts, including Bat flower (TCE), Vietnamese Coriander
(POE), and Indian Pennywort (Centell), which can be a therapeutic food ingredient, in the
protection of blood vessels caused by the effect of airborne through the in vitro model.
The vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), A7r5 rat aortic cell, was used for cell culture
and determined their activity after being treated with dust and plant extracts at different
concentrations. The dust was prepared at 0-400 μg/mL, and the plant extracts were
prepared as powder by freeze dryer before further use. The toxicity test, antioxidant
activity, and cell apoptosis as well as wound healing properties were examined. The
results showed the POE was highest the antioxidant activity (TPC: 1156.02±35.78 mg
gallic acid/g sample and DPPH: 949.45±31.97 μmol Trolox/g sample) when compared to
TCE and Centell (p<0.05). The maximum concentration of plant extracts treated cells was
not over 500 μg/mL for cell toxicity. The VSMC cell apoptosis depended on increasing
the dust concentration manner. There was a positive effect of plant extracts on wound
repair in the blood vessels after being treated with TCE at a concentration of 100 μg/mL.
According to the results, it could be suggested that plant extracts, especially TCE can be a
food ingredient that plays a vital role in preventing the blood vessel from the airborne
effects caused by PM10 receiving. Also, these data help and be useful for healthy food or
therapeutic food development for reducing the risk factor of arteriosclerotic effects.
NOVEL ADAPTIVE AI-POWER INSULIN NAVIGATOR FOR DIABETES USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Deekshith Alladi
Published: September 2024

Adaptive AI-powered insulin delivery systems represent a significant advancement in diabetes management, offering enhanced precision and safety for patients with diabetes. This paper examines the development and implementation of AI-driven insulin delivery systems that dynamically adjust insulin dosages based on real-time glucose monitoring and predictive analytics. The system integrates continuous glucose sensors with adaptive AI algorithms to analyze blood glucose trends, activity levels, and dietary inputs, enabling the automatic adjustment of insulin delivery to meet individual patient needs. The study evaluates the performance of these systems in optimizing glycemic control, reducing the incidence of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and improving overall patient outcomes. Key features include the ability to learn from historical data to refine dosing algorithms and the incorporation of safety mechanisms to prevent adverse events. Additionally, the paper explores user experiences and feedback, highlighting the system’s potential to improve quality of life and provide more personalized diabetes management. The integration of adaptive AI in insulin delivery systems promises to revolutionize diabetes care by offering a more responsive, accurate, and user-centric approach to insulin therapy.
Under Pressure - Voxel Materiality of 3D Printed Auxetics
Authors:   , Sasse Julia
Published: September 2024

3D printing offers new opportunities in the design and manufacture of auxetic materials, which behave the opposite to conventional materials by expanding under tension and contracting under compression. Through this, auxetics demonstrate unique properties like enhanced indentation resistance, energy absorption, vibration resistance, and shape conformability.

While 3D printing acts as an enabling technology for the manufacture of auxetics and their complex microstructures, single material mechanisms are limited by their design, compromising the auxetic performance. Through multi material 3D printing, the simultaneous deposition of rigid and flexible material is possible. This makes a cellular design that utilises flexible material in the hinge area and rigid material for struts possible. The resulting multi material auxetic not only avoids buckling problems but offers new possibilities in tailorability by increasing the ability to control the mechanical behaviours of the designed material.

This work explores volumetric material 3D modelling at voxel level, enabling control of material choice at droplet level through material jetting 3D printing. This microscale control of multi materiality increases the design freedoms and enables digitally tailored material gradients, which relate to controllable and gradual changes in material performance.

By refining material design to the smallest definable unit, and utilising the print resolution of the Stratasys J850 3D printer, this research harnesses the control gained through the capabilities of volumetric material design. A procedural workflow is developed and used to enhance auxetic materials for customised sporting products. A bicycle saddle and handlebar grips with auxetic properties are developed, sporting personalised stiffness zones achieved through pressure mapping and a procedural modelling design process.
Study on Fracture Delay of High-Strength Bolts in Road Bridge Maintenance
Authors: Xu Rongpeng
Published: September 2024

In the maintenance work of highway and bridge engineering structures, the fracture delay of high-strength bolts is a content that needs to be focused on and researched. Based on this, the paper analyzes the fracture delay of high-strength bolts in highway bridge maintenance, including an overview of the fundamental research on fracture delay and related specific studies. It is hoped that this study can provide scientific reference for the reasonable maintenance of high-strength bolts, so as to ensure the overall maintenance effect of highway bridge projects.
EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT SOLAR IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND THEIR EFFECT ON BEAN YIELD (Vicia Faba… L)
Authors:   1 Researcher, Department of Agriculture Machines and Equipment, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. ali.qaed2103m@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Jassim1 Ali Q. , Zeinaldeen Laith A. ,   2 A. Professor, PhD. Department of Agricultural Machines and Equipment, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq. laith.a@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Published: September 2024

An experiment was carried out at Al-Raed Research Station, which is located on the Baghdad-Anbar Road. It was conducted during the winter season of 2022-2023, in order to evaluate the performance of different solar irrigation systems and their effect on bean yield (Vicia faba… L). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replications. The experiment consists of three factors. first factor was the solar panel type with two levels: mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline. Second factor was the irrigation system with two levels: drip and sprinkler irrigation system. The third factor was the distances between the sub-lines with three levels (40, 60, 80 cm). The results show that the monocrystalline achieved the best result by achieving the highest irrigation system efficiency (76.31%), and highest seeds yield total (6618 Kg/ha) with minimum operational costs (0.0252 $/KWh). The drip irrigation had the highest irrigation system efficiency (84.40%), and highest total seeds yield (6077 Kg/ha) with minimum operational costs (0.0340 $/ KWh). The distance (40cm) between the sublines had the highest irrigation system efficiency (76.83 %), with less operational costs (0.0398 $ / KWh).
Strategic priorities of regional economic development in the context of regulating non-monetary factors of inflation
Authors: Dvoryadkina Elena , Kuklinova Polina
Published: September 2024

A vast array of research works concentrates on such aspects of inflation processes as their essence, development factors, anti-inflationary regulation, etc., but precious few of them attempt to identify the factors of inflation in the strategic priorities of regional development. At the same time, economics and state policy at both national and regional levels recognise the significant effect of inflation on economic development. The paper deals with non-monetary factors of inflation in regions and develops a path for formulating regional policy on their regulation. The theories of regional economic development and inflation constitute the methodological framework of the study. The research methods include systematization, functional and comparative analysis, deduction. We identify the provisions of the socio-economic development strategies of the Ural macroregion’s member territories relating to the regulation of non-monetary factors in the development of inflationary processes. The identified aspects of inflation reflect the impact of its non-monetary factors on regional economic development and require anti-inflationary policy to be coupled with the areas of activity of regional authorities. We present a conceptual-logical model for framing regional policy on regulating non-monetary factors of inflation in an RF subject specifying the strategic priorities of economic development that influence regional factors of inflation. The model demonstrates that it is the state programmes of Russia’s constituent entities that are the main tool for regulating non-monetary factors of inflation in the regional government system. It coordinates price regulation measures in the regions with the goals and objectives of policy aimed at developing their economies. The findings contribute to the understanding of regional inflation factors and can be used by regional authorities when executing socio-economic development strategies.
Developing a library strategic response to Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Cox Andrew
Published: September 2024

AI is ‘the defining technology of our generation’ according to a recent joint statement by the UK and US governments. We all understand that it is likely to impact library and information work profoundly, so it is important to try and be more than reactive and think strategically about the opportunities and problems it is creating. The article poses nine key questions for consideration, and reflects on some answers that might support a more strategic library approach to AI.
The level of Emotional Value and Customer Trust Assessment of State-Owned Enterprise Bank Customer of Kebayoran Baru South Jakarta
Authors: Rusdian Budi , Yunus Riza Mahmud
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The rapid development of economy in Indonesia has given a positive influence to the services sectors including State-Owned Enterprise banking, everyone will need banks as their business partners. Customers’ trust is a great asset for banks. The long-term relationship of customer-banks depends on the presence of customers’ trust on the banks. The significance of this phenomenon in banking industry becomes more critical where banks have to know their individual customers as well as contextual factors that influence on customers’ emotional value and customers trust.Design/methodology: This study aims to measure the level of customers emotional value and customers’ trust. 400 customers from any state-owned enterprise bank in Kebayoran Baru - South Jakarta were selected to form the sampling frame.Findings: The results show that both emotional value and customer trust is at a good level. All products, services and product features are able to create the emotional value expected by customers. All employees, products and facilities provided by bank are able to create consumers trust in the bank.Practical implications: The empirical implication of this research is to determine the conditions and the level of emotional value and customer trust in state-owned enterprise bank.Originality/Value: All companies in the banking industry must increase their awareness of the importance of providing value related to the emotional side of customers and also the importance of maintaining customer trust. The contribution of this research focuses on efforts to attract customer through their emotional value and trust.Keywors: Emotional Value, Customer Trust, State-Owned Enterprise Bank.
Quantificação de Bilirrubina total por Metodologia de Cromatografia de Fluxo lateral
Authors: Benedetti Rafael , Barros Frieda Saicla , Nicollete Diego Rinaldi Pavesi , Figueredo Marcus
Published: September 2024

Bilirubin is a pigment metabolite that serves as a liver marker. Could be used to evaluate liver function. This metabolite is coming from Red blood cell degradation, associated with direct liver damag
CIRURGIA SEGURA E TECNOLOGIA: A SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE NA ATUALIDADE
Authors: Silva Raissa Carmem Sousa
Published: September 2024

O mês de abril é caracterizado como o mês da Segurança do Paciente, que em associação com a Portaria N° 529 do Ministério da Saúde realça o programa da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) que desde 201
Comparison of Trigger Point Lidocaine Injection and Stabilization Splint Use in Myofascial Orofacial Pain Treatment
Authors: Ayşegül Pulatkan , Müge Çına
Published: September 2024

Objective: This study aims to compare the short-, medium-, and long-term efficacy of trigger point local anesthetic injection and stabilization splint use for myofascial orofacial pain. Materials and methods: Group 1 comprised 15 patients who received trigger point local anesthetic injections (LAI), while Group 2 comprised 15 patients who were treated with a stabilization splint (SS). Analysis of pain-free maximum mouth opening (MMO) measurements, jaw disability checklists (JDC), short-form McGill pain questionnaires (SF-MPQ), and Visual analog scales (VAS) were used for comparison between the groups. Results: The LAI group showed a significantly greater increase in pain-free MMO in all terms (p < 0.001) and had significantly lower values on the JDC in both the medium (p = 0.026) and the long term (p = 0.006). The SF-MPQ was significantly lower in the medium term (p = 0.001) in the LAI group; the VAS showed a significantly greater decrease in the short (p = 0.016) and medium terms (p < 0.001) in the LAI group. Conclusion: The results indicate that a treatment choice can be made between TN lidocaine injection and occlusal splint based on patient tolerance.
Anatomo-clinical and Etiological Profile of Nephropathies Biopsied in the Nephrology Department of the Thies Regional Hospital (Senegal)
Authors: Ameth Dieng , Modou Ndongo , Rokhaya Fall , Mame Selly Diawara , Mouhamadou Moustapha Cissé
Published: September 2024

Introduction: In many developing countries, particularly in Africa, the use of renal biopsy (RB) in clinical nephrology is severely lacking. The objectives were to describe the anatomoclinical and etiological profile of these biopsied nephropathies, as well as the factors associated with the etiology of the nephropathies. Patients and method: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study from 1 April 2020 to 30 October 2022. The patients were selected from the renal biopsy register of the nephrology department of the Thiès Regional Hospital. Sociodemographic, clinical, biological, and histological parameters were studied. Results: 75 renal biopsies were included. The mean age was 33.3 ± 14.8 years, with a male predominance (65.3%). The main indications were nephrotic syndrome in 50.67% of cases. RB was adequate in 82.7%, inadequate in 13.3%, and borderline in 4%. Glomerular nephropathies predominated, with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 34.7%, membranous nephropathy (MN) in 17.3%, minimal change disease (MCD) in 10.67%, extracapillary glomerulonephritis (ECGN) in 5.3% and lupus nephritis (LN) in 3.9%. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was found in 9.3%. Chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy (CTIN) accounted for 5.3% of all RB and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) for 4%. The etiologies were primary in 48%, secondary in 28%, and undetermined in 24%. In the bivariate analysis, the etiology was correlated with the mean SBP (p = 0.023), the mean level of hemoglobin (p = 0.028), the levels of GFR (p = 0.017), and the type of kidney disease (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Glomerular nephropathy was more frequent and FSGS was the most common histological lesion found. Primary causes predominated. Associated factors were identified to improve patient management.
Neuroprotective Effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone in a Mouse Model of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)
Authors: Tapas K Makar , Joseph Bryant , Bosung Shim , Kaspar Keledjian , Harry Davis , Manik Ghosh , Ajay Koirala , Ishani Ghosh , Shreya Makar , Alonso Heredia , Malcolm Lane , J Marc Simard , Robert C Gallo , Volodymyr Gerzanich , Istvan Merchenthaler
Published: September 2024

Treatment for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains elusive. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), an analog of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a high-affinity TrkB agonist, has been proposed as a viable therapeutic alternative to BDNF in crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and promoting growth, differentiation, maintenance, and survival of neurons. Here, we expand on our previous study investigating the therapeutic role of DHF on the cortical and hippocampal brain regions of the Tg26 mice, an animal model of HAND. We detected increased immunoreactivity for ion channels (SUR1, TRPM4) and the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4), suggesting an ionic and osmotic imbalance in the brains of Tg26 mice. Tg26 mice also exhibited loss of synaptic stability (SYN, SYP) and nicotinamide metabolism (NAMPT, SIRT1) that were associated with astrogliosis. Furthermore, Tg26 mice demonstrated increased iNOS and reduced HO-1/NRF2 expressions, implicating increased ER and oxidative stress. DHF treatment in Tg26 mice reversed these pathological changes. These data suggest crosstalk among TrkB, Akt, and related transcription factors (NF-κB, STAT3, and NRF2) as an underlying mechanism of Tg26-associated pathology in the brain. Finally, taken together with our prior study, these results further highlight a therapeutic role of DHF in promoting neuroprotection in HAND that may be applied in conjunction with current antiviral therapies.
Colonialism and Mimicry: A Literary Lens into Governance in Africa
Authors: Nyongesa Andrew
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: In the recent past, scholars have delved into the challenges African countries face in establishing Western-style democracy, often overlooking the insights provided by literary works. Most political and social science writers attribute these challenges to corruption, ethnic mobilization, and illiteracy (Forson et al. 2016). However, little attention has been given to the similarities between colonial structures and post-independent African autocracies as delineated in literary works. The pioneer modern states in Africa emerged during colonialism and were inherently authoritarian, with aims inconsistent with democratic principles. While early Black thinkers highlight colonial violence as a key aspect to mimic for Africa’s liberation, contemporary scholarship has paid little attention to imitation of other colonial elements such as negative ethnicity, autocracy, corruption, political assassinations, and murders in literary works. This study examines the nexus between poor governance and colonial heritage as represented in Ayi Kwei Armah’s The Beautiful One Are Not Yet Born (1968), Brian Chikwava’s Harare North (2009), and David Mulwa’s Inheritance (2005). This analytical study was carried out on the three African works of fiction and drama to interrogate the impact of colonial heritage on the sparse democratic gains and poor governance in sub-Saharan Africa today. The primary texts were purposively sampled because of the prevalence of the subject. Using qualitative inquiry, I deploy narrative research to analyze data from primary and secondary texts. The study was anchored in Homi Bhabha’s postcolonial concept of mimicry as a theoretical base for interpretation.
Persisting Challenges of International Relations Analysis: Big Men Politics, State Fragmentation, and Local Power in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Ylönen Aleksi
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: The Horn of Africa comprises some of the most fragile and fragmented states in the world. This poses a persistent challenge to the dominant realist international relations discourse that is used to explain the dynamics of foreign relations in the Horn of Africa mainly from the perspective of extra-African powers. Discussing Big Man politics and state fragmentation as key characteristics of political dynamics in the Horn of Africa, the article points out the epistemological inapplicability of the mainstream realist international relations discourse to understand power in African politics and international affairs. The paper asserts that the role and dynamics of domestic power contestation among Big Men and how it relates to state fragmentation should be understood to improve international relations discourse and its ability to make sense of politics in the Horn of Africa. Explaining the contrasting realities of Big Man political competition in Djibouti and Eritrea, and Ethiopia and Somalia, the article emphasizes the need to improve our understanding of the local power of the Big Men and their international connections in the context of fragmentation of state power as a way to improve the analysis of politics and international relations in the Horn of Africa.
THE ECONOMIC AND LEGAL NATURE OF THE MINIMUM TAX LIABILITY
Authors: Hafurova Olena , Yermolenko Volodymyr , Novak Tamara
Published: September 2024

The relevance of the study of the economic and legal nature of the minimum tax liability is due to several factors. Firstly, being relatively new for Ukraine, this type of tax has not yet been sufficiently studied by scholars. Secondly, due to the specifics of the object of taxation, the introduction of the minimum tax liability significantly affects the taxation of farmers – owners of agricultural land and land users, producers of agricultural products, who are among the most vulnerable segments of the population. Thirdly, such a reform of the tax burden on business entities in agriculture, as one of the sectors most affected by Russia's armed aggression, requires a thorough analysis of its timeliness and appropriateness. This necessitates a study of theoretical and practical aspects, potential risks of introducing the minimum tax liability, as well as the formulation of proposals for solving problematic issues in this area, which is the purpose of the study. The research methodology includes a number of methods of scientific knowledge: the philosophical (dialectical) method, general scientific methods (the method of analysis and the formal logical method), as well as methods related to special scientific methods (formal legal and comparative legal). Results. The study of the economic and legal nature of the minimum tax liability concluded that there is a tendency to expand the range of taxpayers. In particular, at the expense of individuals – members of private farms. The article proves that such innovations lead to the loss of existing tax privileges for farms and increase the tax burden for these entities. The authors identify the risks of introducing a minimum tax liability, including incentives for farmers to alienate agricultural land or transfer it to other persons, alienation of farmers from the main means of production, and increased unemployment. It is established that the introduction of the minimum tax liability under the existing conditions is a violation of the fundamental principles of tax legislation of Ukraine. The generalisations obtained can be used to amend the tax legislation and will be useful in conducting scientific research on tax and agricultural legal relations.
ANTI-CORRUPTION COMPLIANCE AND MANAGEMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF RECOVERY
Authors: Dubynskyy Oleg , Lomakina Olena , Lomzhets Yuliia
Published: September 2024

The subject of the study is management and public relations in the field of anti-corruption compliance in the context of recovery. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the methods of induction and deduction, the dialectical-materialist method, the method of analysis and synthesis, and the historical method, which allowed for an objective understanding of the content and essence of the issues under study. The aim of the article is to analyse the theoretical aspects of the peculiarities of anti-corruption compliance and management in the context of recovery and to propose effective ways to improve the mechanism of these procedures. The results of the study showed that anti-corruption compliance in the context of restoration means not only a methodology for fighting corruption, but also the formation of principles and conditions related to conducting transparent and honest business. Conclusion. The successful operation of any company depends entirely on its attitude to corruption, which it must be aimed at combating. Violation of the anti-corruption policy can lead to irreparable consequences. The issue of establishing an effective anti-corruption system in commercial organisations is quite relevant. The main task of such a system is to identify and minimise corruption risks in advance, as well as to eliminate the causes and conditions of their occurrence in a timely manner. The need to develop and use compliance is based on the complexity of regulation and, therefore, the high probability of violating certain legal norms or internal rules. Anti-corruption compliance reduces the risks associated with corruption offences committed by employees, as well as the risks of damage to the company (not only material but also reputational). The study and synthesis of local acts adopted by organisations aimed at combating corruption allowed to summarise and critically evaluate an approximate list of principles that they most often adhere to when building an anti-corruption compliance system in the context of recovery. Adherence to the list of principles, taking into account their content and identified implementation problems, will allow to improve the typical model of anti-corruption management in the context of recovery. There are key management elements that can be identified, the presence of which in the corporate anti-corruption compliance control system allows to judge the success of such a system in the recovery environment. These key elements require a more detailed study, taking into account the specifics of the company's activities, but with their help, management can make anti-corruption compliance more effective in the recovery environment.
REVENUE FORECASTING SCENARIOS FOR INTERNATIONAL HOTEL CHAINS
Authors: Mazaraki Anatolii , Kulyk Mariia , Zubko Tetiana
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the study is to develop a system of balanced scorecards for forecasting the income of hotels belonging to international chains. The subject of the study is the system processes of evaluating the effectiveness of the management analysis system, which are determined on the basis of calculating key performance indicators, and as a result of the integral indicator through the analysis and aggregation of individual functional criteria based on comparison with the reference values of the revenue management model for pricing, load planning and its redistribution between revenue centres. Methodology. The study uses the methods of theoretical and logical generalisation. The article describes a set of strategies and tactics used by international hotel chains to manage the demand for hotel services. The results of the article are to form a model for conducting a detailed operational and financial analysis of the hotel enterprise by revenue centres, which contributes to the development of a strategy. The authors have selected a set of indicators that are used to ensure a balanced approach to measuring performance through the indicator method and visual representation in a graphical representation. The paper analyses the performance of international hotel chains over twelve years in order to assess the impact of key factors on their revenues and develop forecasts; the estimated indicators were classified into seven groups: assessment of the average daily revenue per room, room cost, occupancy rate, market share, staff productivity, resource intensity and digitalisation costs. The publication uses the example of international hotel chains to clarify the content and importance of revenue forecasting in the revenue management system.
A SYNTHESIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESSFUL INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN ORGANISATIONS
Authors: Tocar Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Organisations exist, function and develop through communication. Intercultural communication is a specific communication activity in which the parties involved represent different cultures. The current context, dominated by globalisation, multiculturalism, internationalisation and digitalisation, underlines the importance of studying intercultural communication in an organisational context. The aim of this paper is to develop a comprehensive synthesis of the factors that influence the effectiveness of intercultural communication in organisations and to propose research hypotheses for future studies in this area. The methodology used to conduct this study includes the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction (for logical connections), deduction (for identifying theories from the literature), abduction (for identifying causes and factors and building hypotheses) and hierarchical classification (for grouping factors in the three-level taxonomy). The analysis of the factors mentioned in the literature on the effectiveness of intercultural communication in organisations has led to the development of a three-level taxonomy that groups them into five categories: management-related factors, group factors, individual factors, cultural factors and communication factors. This systematic and clarifying approach suggests linkages and directions for research as well as lines of action for practitioners to ensure sustainable development of multicultural organisations and increase the chances of success of intercultural communication in different organisational contexts. The novelty of the paper lies in the fact that the existing literature does not propose a systemic view of the factors that influence intercultural communication outcomes. Most of the identified research presents comparative, descriptive approaches to the characteristics of intercultural communication in specific cultural contexts.
The relationship between Hearing Handicap Inventory for The Elderly – Screening Version (HHIE-S) Questionnaire Scores and Hearing Loss in The Elderly in Sukawati Village, Gianyar Regency
Authors: Ni Luh Putu Yustina Dewi  , Komang Andi Dwi Saputra
Published: September 2024

Background: Age-related hearing loss, or presbycusis, significantly impacts communication, social interaction, and cognitive function. This study examined the relationship between Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly – Screening Version (HHIE-S) scores and hearing loss severity among the elderly in Sukawati Village, Gianyar. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 50 elderly participants aged 60 years and older was conducted. Data were collected using the HHIE-S questionnaire and pure-tone audiometry, and analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Results: A strong positive correlation was found between HHIE-S scores and hearing loss severity (r = 0.896, p < 0.001), indicating that higher scores correspond to more severe hearing impairment. Conclusion: The HHIE-S questionnaire is an effective tool for early detection of hearing loss in the elderly and is recommended for use in primary healthcare settings to enhance timely management and improve quality of life.
Unlocking muscle health: The synergistic impact of robusta coffee and exercise on myostatin regulation
Authors: Karim Habibi  , Hayuris Kinandita Setiawan  , Ema Qurnianingsih  , Abdul Khairul Rizki Purba  , Lilik Herawati
Published: September 2024

Myostatin is a protein in the human body that inhibits muscle growth and is implicated in age-related muscle-wasting disorders like sarcopenia. Recent studies suggest that Robusta coffee, known for its high antioxidant content, and exercise may influence myostatin levels, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for muscle health. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the effects of Robusta coffee consumption and exercise on myostatin levels and assess their potential as strategies for enhancing muscle health and managing muscle-wasting conditions. A total of 46 research papers published between the years 2019 to 2024 were accessed and used for this review that met the criteria. This review highlights that coffee consumption and exercise may show promise in lowering myostatin levels and improving muscle health.