bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liberation Theology According to Abdurrahman Wahid and Gustavo Gutierrez
Authors: Sirait Sangkot
Published: November 2020

This paper tells the thoughts of two religious figures who are concerned with talking about religion and humanity. These two figures are Abdurrahman Wahid and Gustavo Gutiérrez. The question that will be answered here is how the concept of the liberation of the two figures and where the difference lies and their implications for real life. The issues discussed here are related to theology, more popularly called liberation theology. The method used in this research is to read and examine the work of each of the two figures, both works that are called primary or secondary. After that, the concepts are compared according to their respective contexts. From the results of research on their works, an understanding is obtained that the theology of liberation is inspired by the real conditions of society that are of concern, both in terms of poverty and opportunity. Therefore, according to the two figures, religion must be able to solve the problem, it means that religion practised not only as a doctrine but also humanity. Action work of people who profess religion is needed to solve community problems. There are differences in the approaches of the two figures, namely Gutiérrez is more focused directly involved, while Wahid besides being directly involved, but also with a cultural approach and changing the way people think. The difference between the two approaches has implications for the process of change, namely Gutiérrez is more revolutionary mechanistic, while Wahid is more cultural and evolutionary
Film Islami Sebagai Model Interpretasi atas Al-Qur'an dan Hadis: Kasus Film Ayat Tentang Cinta
Authors: Aulia Mila , Miski Miski
Published: November 2020

This paper analyzes the movie Ayat tentang Cinta, which still has not received much attention from the researchers, namely from the aspect of the existence of the Qur'anic verses and traditions in it. Two core questions want to be the focus of the study, first, how does the movie Ayat tentang Cinta position the Qur'an [and hadith] as a representation of an interpretation of the Qur'an and hadith? Secondly, how is the existence of the values of the Qur'an [and hadith] in the film being one of the concourses of righteousness? This paper is a qualitative study, using content analysis and a semiotic approach. The results of this study show that in the movie Ayat tentang Cinta, it appears how the scenes displayed by the actors can show the relevant point of a movie as an interpretation of the Qur'an and Hadith, for example, the cafeteria in marriage is allegedly based on the QS. Al-Nur: 26. Secondly, in the movie Ayat tentang Cinta, many of the values of the Qur'an and Hadith in its diverse form, such as how each central figure in the movie describes the things that are relevant to the values of the Qur'an and hadith, at least through the distinctive scenes. All of this, as well as being one of the interesting facts about the construction efforts of righteousness by actors into the minds of audiences. Of course, in typical terminology.
Localización de emuladores de carcinomas en modelos experimentales de mama mediante tomografía de impedancia eléctrica basada en linear back projection
Authors: Gutiérrez-López Marcos , Díaz-Carmona Javier , Prado-Olivarez Juan , Gutiérrez-Gnecchi José Antonio , Rodríguez-Frías Marco Antonio , Francisco-Martínez Celia
Published: November 2020

Introducción: La medición y caracterización de la impedancia eléctrica de los tejidos biológicos permite distinguir entre tejidos sanos y patológicos. El uso de técnicas como la tomografía de impedancia eléctrica es muy utilizada en pruebas clínicas a través de diversas aplicaciones. En este trabajo se emplea el método Linear Back Proyection (LBP) para reconstruir imágenes a partir de la medición de impedancia eléctrica con el objetivo de localizar emuladores de carcinoma insertados en modelos de agar-agar con forma de mama femenina.Método: Un arreglo anillar de ocho electrodos fue empleado para realizar mediciones de impedancia en siete modelos de agar-agar con forma de mama femenina. Se diseñó y simuló en el software COMSOL un corte transversal de una mama femenina sana (sin emuladores) que representa el plano de medición del arreglo anillar de electrodos. Se calcularon los mapas de sensibilidad de cada par de electrodos a lo largo de la medición de impedancia utilizando los datos de la distribución de conductividad del modelo simulado. Finalmente, la reconstrucción de la imagen de tomografía eléctrica para cada modelo se obtuvo aplicando el algoritmo LBP a los valores de impedancia eléctrica medidos en el arreglo anillar de electrodos.Resultados: Se calcularon los mapas de sensibilidad a partir de las mediciones de impedancia obtenidas de cada modelo experimental considerado. Como resultado se generó una matriz de sensibilidad que caracteriza la distribución de los potenciales eléctricos dentro del plano de medición simulado en COMSOL. La zona de localización obtenida fue correcta para todos los modelos experimentales con emuladores de carcinomas insertados fuera del centro del arreglo anillar de electrodos.Discusión o Conclusión: De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos del proyecto descrito, la metodología propuesta permite la generación de imágenes para localizar emuladores de carcinoma con diámetros aproximados de 1 cm, ello a través de un enfoque no iterativo. Por lo anterior, la localización no requiere una alta complejidad computacional. La localización de un emulador de carcinoma insertado en la zona central del modelo de mama femenina no se obtuvo correctamente debido a la baja sensibilidad de la configuración anillar de los electrodos en dicha zona.
Daño estructural en Cryptococcus neoformans producido por un propóleo mexicano
Authors: Mateo Aldama José Alberto , Rodríguez Pérez Betsabé , González Gallardo Sofía , Cruz Sánchez Tonatiuh Alejandro
Published: November 2020

El propóleo es un producto de las abejas que recolectan de la vegetación y que muestra acción antifúngica por la presencia de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides. Cryptococcus neoformans es una levadura encapsulada que produce una infección micótica oportunista en hospederos inmunocompetentes como inmunocomprometidos. Debido a la resistencia que C. neoformans ha presentado a los antimicóticos comerciales, es necesario estudiar otras sustancias de origen natural con acción fungicida.En este estudio se evaluó el daño a la estructura de C. neoformans, proveniente de un aislamiento clínico, producido por un extracto etanólico de propóleo mexicano mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB). Se cuantificaron los compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides de la resina; la evaluación de la actividad antifúngica se realizó mediante la prueba de inhibición del crecimiento radial y para determinar la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria y Fungicida (CMI y CMF) se utilizó el método de macrodilución.El extracto de propóleo mexicano demostró tener un contenido óptimo de fenoles y flavonoides; una concentración de 2.5 mg/mL del extracto de propóleo provoca la formación de invaginaciones e irregularidades en la superficie del hongo produciendo una disminución del tamaño.Se demuestra la actividad anticriptococica de un extracto de propóleo al evidenciar el daño en la estructura celular, lo cual puede proporcionar la perspectiva de alternativa terapéutica para pacientes con diversas enfermedades producidas por este hongo, considerando ampliar la investigación del mecanismo de acción del propóleo como antifúngico.
Runoff sensitivity to climate and land-use changes: A case study in the Longtan basin, Southwestern China
Authors: Mo Guiyan , Huang Ya , Yang Qing , Wang Dayang , Mo Chongxun
Published: November 2020

Based on the scenario hypothesis method, this paper applied a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to analyze the sensitivity of runoff to climate and land-use changes in the Longtan basin, China. Results indicated that (1) for every 1 °C increase in temperature, the average annual runoff decreased by 9.9 mm, and the average annual evaporation increased by 9.3 mm. However, for every 10% increase in rainfall, the average annual runoff and evapotranspiration increased by 96.3 mm and 11.53 mm, respectively. Obviously, runoff was more sensitive to the change in rainfall than temperature in the Longtan basin. Meanwhile, (2) forestland could conserve water resources, but its water consumption was larger. Although grassland played a relatively small role in water conservation, it consumed less water. At the same time, increasing the area of forestland and grassland could weaken peak floods, and the water retention function of vegetation could prevent runoff from increasing and decreasing steeply. Therefore, it is worth improving vegetation coverage.
Kinetic and residence time distribution modeling of tubular electrochemical reactor: analysis of results using Taguchi method
Authors: Mythilishri R. , Kamalakannan V. P. , Saravanathamizhan R. , Balasubramanian N.
Published: November 2020

Decolorization of dye waste water is performed using a tubular electrochemical reactor. Stainless steel and oxide coated on titanium mesh acts as the cathode and anode respectively. Experiments were conducted in batch with recirculation mode. The effect of operating parameters such as current density, initial dye concentration, flow rate and supporting electrolyte concentration on decolorization of Acid red dye has been studied and the results were analysed using Taguchi method. A residence time distribution (RTD) study has been conducted in a tubular electrochemical reactor and an axial dispersion model has been developed to determine percentage decolorization. The model results are compared with experimental results and it was found that the model satisfactorily matches with the experimental results with high correlation coefficient.
An Efficient Synthesis of 2-Substituted Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones by Using Recyclable Wang Resin Supported Sulfonic Acid Catalyst
Authors: Kalyani K. , Kallam Srinivasa Reddy
Published: November 2020

An efficient synthesis of 2-substituted Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones has been developed from
isatoic anhydride with various amidoximes by using a recyclable polymer-supported sulphonic
acid catalyst. Excellent functional group compatibility and high yields are the important features of
this protocol.
Safety and Efficacy of Mavrilimumab For Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shamseldin Laila Salah , Shawqi Mohamed Mohamed , Al Hashem Noor Adel , Alhyari Majd Aleslam Hussein , Abd Elazeem Hossam Aldein Samir , Elghazaly Shrouk M. , Hamdallah Aboalmagd , Ragab Khaled Mohamed , Nourelden Anas Zakarya
Published: November 2020

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease
characterized by progressive swelling and stiffness in the joints. Mavrilimumab is a human monoclonal
antibody that may block the autoimmune mechanism of the antibodies causing RA.

Objective:

We aim to assess the safety and efficacy of Mavrilimumab in treating rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods:

We conducted an online search using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane
CENTRAL till June 2019, and updated the search in May 2020, using relevant keywords. We
screened studies for eligibility. Data were extracted from eligible studies and pooled as Risk ratio
(RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), using Review Manager software (ver.3.5).

Results:

Five studies (with 1145 patients) were eligible to our criteria. Pooled result from three
trials showed a significant reduction in Disease Activity Score 28 based on C-reactive protein
(DAS28-CRP) remission < 2.6 after 12 weeks (RR = 3.31, 95% CI [1.53, 7.18], P = 0.002), American
College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20, after 12 weeks (RR = 2.38, 95% CI [1.80, 3.16], P <
0.00001), ACR 50, after 12 weeks (RR = 2.93, 95% CI [1.67, 5.15], P = 0.0002), ACR 70, after 12
weeks (RR = 4.90, 95% CI [1.60, 15.00], P = 0.005). Mavrilimumab not associated with a significant
adverse event (RR = 1.22, 95% CI [0.89, 1.68], P = 0.22).

Conclusion:

We found that subcutaneous Mavrilimumab was effective and well-tolerating in treating
RA patients, with no significant adverse events.
Nutraceuticals and their Novel Drug Delivery System: A Boon to Human Health
Authors: Karn Abhishek K. , Giri Sabeena , Bhatia Sonam , Singh Shaminder , Singh Akanksha
Published: November 2020

Nutraceuticals are the combination of Nutrition and Pharmaceuticals and refer to the
‘food’ possessing pharmaceutical properties. They are classified into traditional (herbals, phytochemicals,
probiotic, prebiotic) and non-traditional (fortified and recombinant) categories; nutraceuticals
are mainly intended for preventing and treating diseases. Nutraceuticals possess several therapeutic
activities, which can be exploited to treat disorders like cardiovascular, diabetes, cancer, inflammations,
Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Nutraceuticals are mainly obtained
from natural sources, hence they are comparatively safer and cheaper alternatives than pharmaceuticals,
which leads to tremendous growth and flourishing markets for these kind of products. The
main objective of this review is to determine the advancement made in the field of nutraceuticals
and their potential as pharmaceutical alternatives. This article focuses on the present and past market
scenario of nutraceuticals, their therapeutic effects and advantages over pharmaceuticals products.
Secondly, with the advancement of novel drug delivery systems, the drawbacks of nutraceuticals
have been resolved, and efficacy has been improved, which resulted in gaining the interests of
scientists and researchers in this field for further improvement. Thus, we can expect the lucrative
market of nutraceuticals in the upcoming days. It is clear that nutraceuticals have great potential to
replace pharmaceuticals and serve the wellbeing of mankind.
GMP-Automated Purification of Copper-61 Produced in Cyclotron Liquid Targets: Methodological Aspects
Authors: Fonseca Alexandra I. , Alves Vítor H. , do Carmo Sérgio J. C. , Falcão Amílcar , Abrunhosa Antero J. , Alves Francisco
Published: November 2020

Background:

Expanding the range of metal-based PET radiopharmaceuticals that can
be produced by the widely available network of biomedical cyclotrons is a major priority. Copper-
61 is a positron emitter with very favourable physical (61.5% β+, 1.22 MeV max.) and chemical
properties, which emerged as a promising PET imaging agent.

Objectives:

This work aimed to develop and optimise a GMP-automated purification method for
copper-61 produced in a cyclotron using a natural zinc liquid target.

Methods:

The automated purification process was performed using a commercially available Synthera
® Extension module (IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) using a three-column method: two extraction
chromatographic resins and a strong anion exchange resin. The final product was evaluated
using HPGe and ICP-MS analysis, to assess the radionuclidic and chemical purity of the final copper-
61 solution.

Results:

The automated purification process was completed within 1 h of processing time, with an
average yield of 63.0 ± 15.0%, in a maximum volume of 5 mL. The radionuclidic purity of copper-
61 in the final solution was over 95% for 7 h after EOB. ICP-MS analysis revealed 4.8 ± 2.4
μg of natural zinc in the final purified sample, and the copper-61 molar activity was 230.5 ± 139.3
GBq/μmol.

Conclusion:

The described purification process allows for the production of a highly radionuclidically
and chemically pure, GMP compliant copper-61 solution, ready to be used for the development
of copper-61 based radiopharmaceuticals for routine clinical use.
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation for the Management of Chronic Neuropathic Pain: A Retrospective Case Series during Four Years follow-up in a Single Center
Authors: Papa Alfonso , Saracco Elisabetta , Di Dato Maria Teresa , Buonavolontà Pietro , Salzano Anna Maria , Tammaro Dario , Casale Beniamino
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is involved in the transduction of pain signals to the central nervous system (CNS) and undergoes a number of physiopathological changes during chronic pain. The purpose of this data collection was to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of DRG stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain and its impact on functional aspects.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-four subjects with non-reactive chronic neuropathic pain syndrome were implanted with DRG stimulation.

Patients were evaluated at baseline as well as at 15, and 30 days, and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after medical intervention/surgery using the Visual Analogic Scale (VAS), which measures pain intensity, and the Oswestry Scale, for the estimation of disability (ODI).

Results:

After four years of simulation, VAS and ODI showed a statistically significant reduction throughout the follow-up period. The average pain relief obtained after 48 months of treatment was 74.1% ± 3.4.

Conclusion:

The results of this data collection demonstrate the feasibility of DRG stimulation, the correspondence between the clinical indications at the DRG implant and what is commonly found in the literature on this technique.(18,20) Patients defined as clinical responders to DRG stimulation and so implanted with definitive IPG showed a sustained and long term efficacy. Eight patients had previously been implanted with a traditional SCS without any clinically relevant efficacy; they were then explained for unsatisfactory results. Six of them (75%) were later implanted with DRG, with long-term effectiveness. Another advantage of this therapy is the absence of positional effects and lead migration. The adverse events proved to be independent of the anatomical level of insertion; moreover, this series of cases show a lower incidence of lead migration than reported in the literature. In summary, DRGs have been ignored for too long, probably due to the technical difficulty of reaching their deep, almost extra-spinal anatomical position.
A Design of Multi-element Anti-jamming GPS Antenna
Authors: Luo Xianquan , Lv Juwei
Published: November 2020

Background:

With the development of the application of GPS satellite, the requirement
of anti-jamming and integration for navigation receiving terminal is gradually raised. In terms of
anti-jamming performance, because the satellite signal arrives at the ground with weak intensity and
is vulnerable to electromagnetic interference, the positioning results are not available.

Objective:

Therefore, in complex electromagnetic environment, the anti-jamming navigation receiving
terminal is needed, and the interference nulling or beam pointing can be achieved by using multi-
element antenna array with anti-jamming algorithm.

Methods:

Accordingly to requirements, the development trend of navigation receiving terminal is
from single mode to multi-mode and miniaturization. A miniaturized 7-element anti-jamming antenna
array is proposed. It mainly aims at GPS L1 and L2 frequency points. All elements adopt ceramic
substrate microstrip antenna. The array elements adopt laminated design to effectively reduce
the antenna aperture. The spacing between elements at two frequency points is not greater than half
wavelength, which can ensure the back-end anti-jamming algorithm performance, and its performance
and characteristics are verified through related experiments and simulations.

Results:

Anti-jamming algorithm performance, and its performance and characteristics are verified
through related experiments and simulations.

Conclusion:

The designed multi-element antenna can be used in the anti-jamming application.
A Comparative Study on the Activation Energy for Hot Deformation of 5CrNiMoV and S34MnV Steel
Authors: Hu Zhiqiang , Wang Kaikun , Yang Yan
Published: November 2020

Background:

The value of the activation energy is dependent on deformation conditions and sensitive to the difference in
the alloying element. The research on the evolution of the activation energy with strain and alloying elements plays an
important role in analyzing the mechanism of hot deformation.

Objective:

The purpose was to clarify the activation energy evolution with strain, to analyze strengthening or softening
mechanism of each element and acquire an empirical equation for medium carbon steels to quantitatively describe the
effect of each element on activation energy.

Methods:

Hot compression tests of the two medium carbon steel were conducted. The value of activation energy at
different strain was obtained by fitting the experiment results. Through the analysis of medium carbon steels with
different composition in published papers, the empirical relationship between thermal activation energy and chemical
composition can be fitted.

Results:

It was found that the activation energy showed significant dependence on the strain and chemical composition.
The activation energy’s evolution with strain was revealed. An empirical expression for medium carbon steels was
proposed to characterize the influence of the chemical composition on the activation energy. It was found that the
microalloying elements Nb, Ti, V and Mo, as the main solution strengthener and precipitation strengthener, have a
positive effect on the activation energy.

Conclusion:

The evolution of the activation energy with strain was revealed and the corresponding hot deformation
mechanism was analyzed through the activation energy. An empirical expression was acquied to characterize the
influence of the chemical composition on the activation energy for medium carbon steels, which would be used for the
research on new materials.
Translatorial self-censorship under the Portuguese Estado Novo: Sérgio Guimarães' 1959 translation of Cat on a hot tin roof
Authors: Lopes Hélder Nascimento
Published: November 2020

Taking as a starting point Chesterman’s (2009) proposal for an interdiscipline of Translator Studies within a sociological scope, this article discusses the concept of translatorial selfcensorship in light of the 20th-century Portuguese dictatorship. The play Gata em telhado de zinco quente, a translation of Tennessee Williams’ Cat on a hot tin roof, commissioned to Sérgio Guimarães in 1959 by impresario Vasco Morgado, provides sufficient archival material for a debate on the multiple layers of censorship in the target (con)text, with implications for translator agency.
Evasão no setor público: estudo de caso da carreira de especialistas em políticas públicas e gestão governamental no estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Cruz Rutila Maria Soares Gazzinelli , Wanderley Claudio Burian
Published: November 2020

Este artigo aborda a evasão na carreira de Especialista em Políticas Públicas e Gestão Governamental (EPPGG) no Governo do Estado de Minas Gerais. Seu objetivo principal é investigar as causas da evasão, conhecer em que condições ela ocorre e para onde se direcionam os recursos humanos que dela se desligaram. Apoia-se em pesquisa empírica realizada junto aos ex-integrantes da carreira, explorando os aspectos relacionados ao momento do desligamento, aos condicionantes para sua ocorrência, à relação com a experiência profissional e à direção tomada após a evasão. Foram obtidas 94 respostas de ex-servidores evadidos. A evasão tende a ocorrer logo nos primeiros anos da vida profissional, após o estágio probatório. Caso a saída ocorra antes desse prazo, o ex-servidor deve ressarcir o Estado o custo de seu treinamento. Os evadidos tendem a ganhar mais fora da carreira, a buscar também uma segunda graduação, em sua maioria em Direito, e a realocar-se no próprio serviço público. Apenas uma pequena parte se realoca no setor privado ou no terceiro setor. Como em outros estudos, a insatisfação salarial, e não com o próprio trabalho, parece ser a principal razão para a evasão.
Исследование с помощью молекулярной динамики образования димеров на поверхности (001) GaAs при низких температурах
Authors: Прасолов Н.Д. , Гуткин А.А. , Брунков П.Н.
Published: November 2020

The simulation of dimers formation during the low-temperature reconstruction of GaAs (001) surface terminated with Ga or As atoms was performed by the molecular dynamics method using the analytical Bond-Order Potential based on quantum mechanical theory incorporating both σ- and π- bonds between atoms.
A decrease in values of potential energy of the atoms during formation of isolated surface dimer have been determined. It has been found that potential energy of an atom in As-dimer is several tenths of an eV lower than in Ga-dimer. Kinetics of the initial stages of Ga-dimers formation in the temperature range of 25 - 40 K was studied. It was found that the characteristic thermal activation energy of single isolated Ga-dimers formation is ~ 29 meV, which is lower than the same value for As-dimers (~ 38 meV). Time constants characterizing the average rate of transformation of one dimer into a chain of two dimers at temperature range of 28 - 37 K were estimated. Inverse values of these parameters for paired Ga- and As-dimers are in the ranges of 10^11 – 10^12 s^-1 and 10^9 – 10^10 s^-1, respectively, while corresponding parameters for the formation of single dimers are in the ranges of 4·10^6 – 10^8 s^-1 and 1.4·10^6 – 7.4·10^7 s^-1.
Высоковольтные 4H-SiC диоды Шоттки с полевой обкладкой
Authors: Иванов П.А. , Лебедева Н.М. , Ильинская Н.Д. , Кудояров М.Ф. , Самсонова Т.П. , Коньков О.И. , Задиранов Ю.М.
Published: November 2020

Изготовлены высоковольтные (2000 В) 4H-SiC диоды с барьером Шоттки. Для подавления преждевременного краевого пробоя на периферии активной области диодов формировалась полевая обкладка, диэлектрическим слоем в которой служит полуизолирующий 4H-SiC, созданный с помощью облучения высокоэнергетичными (53 МэВ) ионами аргона. Для маскирования активных областей диодных структур от облучения на шоттки-контактах локальным гальваническим осаждением выращивались никелевые столбики с вертикальными стенками высотой 10-12 мкм. Сравнение вольт-амперных характеристик диодов с обкладкой и контрольных диодов без обкладки показало, что после облучения прямые вольт-амперные характеристики практически не изменяются, в то время как обратные вольт-амперные характеристики кардинально улучшаются. При этом вольт-амперные характеристики облученных диодов как в прямом, так и в обратном направлении хорошо описываются по классической теории термоэмиссии, если дополнительно учитывается понижение высоты барьера с ростом изгиба энергетических зон в полупроводнике. Ключевые слова: карбид кремния, диод Шоттки, полевая обкладка, имплантация аргона.
Association Rule Mining and Prognostic Stratification of 2-Year Longevity in Octogenarians Undergoing Endovascular Therapy for Lower Extremity Arterial Disease: Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Jhang Jing-Yi , Tzeng I-Shiang , Chou Hsin-Hua , Jang Shih-Jung , Hsieh Chien-An , Ko Yu-Lin , Huang Hsuan-Li
Published: November 2020

Background

Two-year longevity is a crucial consideration in revascularization strategies for patients with symptomatic lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). However, factors associated with 2-year longevity and risk stratification in octogenarians or nonagenarians have been underreported.

Objective

This paper aims to investigate the associated variables and stratify the 2-year prognosis in older patients with LEAD.

Methods

We performed logistic regression and association rule mining based on the Apriori algorithm to discover independent variables and validate their associations with 2-year longevity. Malnutrition, inflammation, and stroke factors were identified. C statistics and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to assess the impact of different numbers of malnutrition, inflammation, and stroke factors on 2-year longevity.

Results

We recruited a total of 232 octogenarians or nonagenarians (mean age 85 years, SD 4.2 years) treated with endovascular therapy. During the study period, 81 patients died, and 27 of those (33%) died from a cardiac origin within 2 years. Association rules analysis showed the interrelationships between 2-year longevity and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and nutritional status as determined by the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score or Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI). The cut-off values of NLR, GNRI, and CONUT were ≥3.89, ≤90.3, and >3, respectively. The C statistics for the predictive power for 2-year longevity were similar between the CONUT score and the GNRI-based models (0.773 vs 0.760; P=.57). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that 2-year longevity was worse as the number of malnutrition, inflammation, and stroke factors increased from 0 to 3 in both the GNRI-based model (92% vs 68% vs 46% vs 12%, respectively; P<.001) and the CONUT score model (87% vs 75% vs 49% vs 10%, respectively; P<.001). The hazard ratio between those with 3 factors and those without was 18.2 (95% CI 7.0-47.2; P<.001) in the GNRI and 13.6 (95% CI 5.9-31.5; P<.001) in the CONUT score model.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the association and crucial role of malnutrition, inflammation, and stroke factors in assessing 2-year longevity in older patients with LEAD. Using this simple risk score might assist clinicians in selecting the appropriate treatment.
Patient Challenges and Needs in Comprehending Laboratory Test Results: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Zhang Zhan , Citardi Daniel , Xing Aiwen , Luo Xiao , Lu Yu , He Zhe
Published: November 2020

Background

Patients are increasingly able to access their laboratory test results via patient portals. However, merely providing access does not guarantee comprehension. Patients could experience confusion when reviewing their test results.

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine the challenges and needs of patients when comprehending laboratory test results.

Methods

We conducted a web-based survey with 203 participants and a set of semistructured interviews with 13 participants. We assessed patients’ perceived challenges and needs (both informational and technological needs) when they attempted to comprehend test results, factors associated with patients’ perceptions, and strategies for improving the design of patient portals to communicate laboratory test results more effectively. Descriptive and correlation analysis and thematic analysis were used to analyze the survey and interview data, respectively.

Results

Patients face a variety of challenges and confusion when reviewing laboratory test results. To better comprehend laboratory results, patients need different types of information, which are grouped into 2 categories—generic information (eg, reference range) and personalized or contextual information (eg, treatment options, prognosis, what to do or ask next). We also found that several intrinsic factors (eg, laboratory result normality, health literacy, and technology proficiency) significantly impact people’s perceptions of using portals to view and interpret laboratory results. The desired enhancements of patient portals include providing timely explanations and educational resources (eg, a health encyclopedia), increasing usability and accessibility, and incorporating artificial intelligence–based technology to provide personalized recommendations.

Conclusions

Patients face significant challenges in interpreting the meaning of laboratory test results. Designers and developers of patient portals should employ user-centered approaches to improve the design of patient portals to present information in a more meaningful way.
Prognostic Assessment of COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit by Machine Learning Methods: Model Development and Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Pan Pan , Li Yichao , Xiao Yongjiu , Han Bingchao , Su Longxiang , Su Mingliang , Li Yansheng , Zhang Siqi , Jiang Dapeng , Chen Xia , Zhou Fuquan , Ma Ling , Bao Pengtao , Xie Lixin
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) have a high mortality rate, and methods to assess patients’ prognosis early and administer precise treatment are of great significance.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to use machine learning to construct a model for the analysis of risk factors and prediction of mortality among ICU patients with COVID-19.

METHODS

In this study, 123 patients with COVID-19 in the ICU of Vulcan Hill Hospital were retrospectively selected from the database, and the data were randomly divided into a training data set (n=98) and test data set (n=25) with a 4:1 ratio. Significance tests, correlation analysis, and factor analysis were used to screen 100 potential risk factors individually. Conventional logistic regression methods and four machine learning algorithms were used to construct the risk prediction model for the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 in the ICU. The performance of these machine learning models was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Interpretation and evaluation of the risk prediction model were performed using calibration curves, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME), etc, to ensure its stability and reliability. The outcome was based on the ICU deaths recorded from the database.

RESULTS

Layer-by-layer screening of 100 potential risk factors finally revealed 8 important risk factors that were included in the risk prediction model: lymphocyte percentage, prothrombin time, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, eosinophil percentage, creatinine, neutrophil percentage, and albumin level. Finally, an eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model established with the 8 important risk factors showed the best recognition ability in the training set of 5-fold cross validation (AUC=0.86) and the verification queue (AUC=0.92). The calibration curve showed that the risk predicted by the model was in good agreement with the actual risk. In addition, using the SHAP and LIME algorithms, feature interpretation and sample prediction interpretation algorithms of the XGBoost black box model were implemented. Additionally, the model was translated into a web-based risk calculator that is freely available for public usage.

CONCLUSIONS

The 8-factor XGBoost model predicts risk of death in ICU patients with COVID-19 well; it initially demonstrates stability and can be used effectively to predict COVID-19 prognosis in ICU patients.
Using a Convolutional Neural Network to Predict Remission of Diabetes After Gastric Bypass Surgery: Machine Learning Study From the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Register (Preprint)
Authors: Cao Yang , Näslund Ingmar , Näslund Erik , Ottosson Johan , Montgomery Scott , Stenberg Erik
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Prediction of diabetes remission is an important topic in the evaluation of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) before bariatric surgery. Several high-quality predictive indices are available, but artificial intelligence algorithms offer the potential for higher predictive capability.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to construct and validate an artificial intelligence prediction model for diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

METHODS

Patients who underwent surgery from 2007 to 2017 were included in the study, with collection of individual data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg), the Swedish National Patients Register, the Swedish Prescribed Drugs Register, and Statistics Sweden. A 7-layer convolution neural network (CNN) model was developed using 80% (6446/8057) of patients randomly selected from SOReg and 20% (1611/8057) of patients for external testing. The predictive capability of the CNN model and currently used scores (DiaRem, Ad-DiaRem, DiaBetter, and individualized metabolic surgery) were compared.

RESULTS

In total, 8057 patients with T2D were included in the study. At 2 years after surgery, 77.09% achieved pharmacological remission (n=6211), while 63.07% (4004/6348) achieved complete remission. The CNN model showed high accuracy for cessation of antidiabetic drugs and complete remission of T2D after gastric bypass surgery. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the CNN model for pharmacological remission was 0.85 (95% CI 0.83-0.86) during validation and 0.83 for the final test, which was 9%-12% better than the traditional predictive indices. The AUC for complete remission was 0.83 (95% CI 0.81-0.85) during validation and 0.82 for the final test, which was 9%-11% better than the traditional predictive indices.

CONCLUSIONS

The CNN method had better predictive capability compared to traditional indices for diabetes remission. However, further validation is needed in other countries to evaluate its external generalizability.
Digital Health Tools for Managing Noncommunicable Diseases During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Patients and Caregivers (Preprint)
Authors: Monaco Alessandro , Palmer Katie , Holm Ravn Faber Nicolaj , Kohler Irene , Silva Mitchell , Vatland Anita , van Griensven Joop , Votta Mariano , Walsh Donna , Clay Vincent , Yazicioglu Mehmet Cuneyt , Ducinskiene Danute , Donde Shaantanu
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

A reduction in the number of face-to-face medical examinations conducted for patients with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to health care professionals quickly adopting different strategies to communicate with and monitor their patients. Such strategies include the increased use of digital health tools. However, patient preferences, privacy concerns, a lack of regulations, overregulation, and insufficient evidence on the efficacy of digital health tools may have hampered the potential positive benefits of using such tools to manage NCDs.

OBJECTIVE

This viewpoint aims to discuss the views of an advisory board of patient and caregiver association members. Specifically, we aim to present this advisory board’s view on the role of digital health tools in managing patients with NCDs during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify future directions based on patients’ perspectives.

METHODS

As an initiative under the NCD Partnership (PARTners in Ncds Engage foR building Strategies to improve Healthy ageing In Patients) model of Upjohn, a web-based advisory board of patient and caregiver advocates was held on July 28, 2020, to bring together key stakeholders from public and private sectors.

RESULTS

The following key themes emerged: (1) technology developers should understand that the goals of patients may differ from those of health care professionals and other stakeholders; (2) patients, health care professionals, caregivers, and other end users need to be involved in the development of digital health tools at the earliest phase possible, to guarantee usability, efficacy, and adoption; (3) digital health tools must be better tailored to people with complex conditions, such as multimorbidity, older age, and cognitive or sensory impairment; and (4) some patients do not want or are unable to use digital health care tools, so adequate alternatives should always be available.

CONCLUSIONS

There was consensus that public-private partnership models, such as the Upjohn NCD Partnership, can be effective models that foster innovation by integrating multiple perspectives (eg, patients’ perspectives) into the design, development, and implementation of digital and nondigital health tools, with the main overall objective of improving the life of patients with NCDs.
Latin America and the Caribbean SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance: Longitudinal Trend Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Post Lori , Ohiomoba Ramael O , Maras Ashley , Watts Sean J , Moss Charles B , Murphy Robert Leo , Ison Michael G , Achenbach Chad J , Resnick Danielle , Singh Lauren Nadya , White Janine , Chaudhury Azraa S , Boctor Michael J , Welch Sarah B , Oehmke James Francis
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented stress on economies, food systems, and health care resources in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Existing surveillance provides a proxy of the COVID-19 caseload and mortalities; however, these measures make it difficult to identify the dynamics of the pandemic and places where outbreaks are likely to occur. Moreover, existing surveillance techniques have failed to measure the dynamics of the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to provide additional surveillance metrics for COVID-19 transmission to track changes in the speed, acceleration, jerk, and persistence in the transmission of the pandemic more accurately than existing metrics.

METHODS

Through a longitudinal trend analysis, we extracted COVID-19 data over 45 days from public health registries. We used an empirical difference equation to monitor the daily number of cases in the LAC as a function of the prior number of cases, the level of testing, and weekly shift variables based on a dynamic panel model that was estimated using the generalized method of moments approach by implementing the Arellano–Bond estimator in R. COVID-19 transmission rates were tracked for the LAC between September 30 and October 6, 2020, and between October 7 and 13, 2020.

RESULTS

The LAC saw a reduction in the speed, acceleration, and jerk for the week of October 13, 2020, compared to the week of October 6, 2020, accompanied by reductions in new cases and the 7-day moving average. For the week of October 6, 2020, Belize reported the highest acceleration and jerk, at 1.7 and 1.8, respectively, which is particularly concerning, given its high mortality rate. The Bahamas also had a high acceleration at 1.5. In total, 11 countries had a positive acceleration during the week of October 6, 2020, whereas only 6 countries had a positive acceleration for the week of October 13, 2020. The TAC displayed an overall positive trend, with a speed of 10.40, acceleration of 0.27, and jerk of –0.31, all of which decreased in the subsequent week to 9.04, –0.81, and –0.03, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Metrics such as new cases, cumulative cases, deaths, and 7-day moving averages provide a static view of the pandemic but fail to identify where and the speed at which SARS-CoV-2 infects new individuals, the rate of acceleration or deceleration of the pandemic, and weekly comparison of the rate of acceleration of the pandemic indicate impending explosive growth or control of the pandemic. Enhanced surveillance will inform policymakers and leaders in the LAC about COVID-19 outbreaks.
«Corazón de piedra»: escultura y poesía en el madrigal «Retrato de Lisi en mármol» de Quevedo
Authors: Sáez Adrián J.
Published: November 2020

Dentro del corpus escultórico-poético de Quevedo, el “Retrato de Lisi en mármol” es un ejemplo excelente de la estrategia de composición y reescritura de modelos de Quevedo: de hecho, el poema es una nueva versión de un texto de Groto, y cuenta con dos versiones, que muestran la progresiva intensifi cación en el uso de ideas artísticas.
Un homme-orchestre dissonant
Authors: Maggetti Daniel , Lüthi Dave
Published: November 2020

William Ritter (1867-1955) est un artiste aux multiples facettes : à la fois romancier, critique littéraire, critique musical, photographe, dessinateur, auteur de récits de voyage, il a produit une oeuvre quantitativement imposante, que l’histoire littéraire de Suisse romande n’a pourtant que très partiellement prise en compte. Les articles réunis dans ce dossier entendent lever un coin du voile qui recouvre une figure dont les écrits, le parcours et les échanges intellectuels sont à même de nourrir une réflexion en profondeur sur les tendances de la culture de son temps.

Keywords: Suisse romande, Europe centrale, roman fin-de-siècle, wagnérisme, critique musicale, critique artistique
Critiques paratopiques. Ritter, Lambert et Jeanneret, des Neuchâtelois déracinés et leur rapport à la tradition
Authors: Lüthi Dave
Published: November 2020

William Ritter, un homme exceptionnel ? Souvent isolé par l’historiographie en raison de son profil jugé atypique, Ritter n’est pas souvent remis dans son contexte historique et culturel. Cette contribution cherche à remédier à cette lacune en le comparant à deux acteurs contemporains de la critique artistique, deux autres Neuchâtelois, les architectes André Lambert et Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris (bientôt plus connu sous le pseudonyme de Le Corbusier). Pratiquant comme Ritter une lecture paratopique de la scène artistique de leur temps, ils permettent de juger du degré d’originalité de leur confrère dilettante.

Keywords: critique d’art, voyage, paratopie, exotisme, patriotisme, Europe, Suisse
Nota
Authors: López Guil Itzíar
Published: November 2020

En esta Nota se presenta el contenido de las dos secciones del número 66:3 de Versants: la primera de ellas, de carácter monográfico, reúne seis trabajos acerca del título de los poemas en la poesía española contemporánea; la segunda, de tema vario, comprende cuatro artículos a cargo de tres generaciones diferentes de investigadores de la Universidad de Zúrich.

Keywords: Versants, titulogía, Josep Besa Camprubí, título de poema
La autorreflexión en "Los buenos propósitos" de Ana Merino
Authors: Mejías Roberto Carlos , Henriques Yoselin
Published: November 2020

En esta contribución se realiza un análisis discursivo de los poemas «Tal vez tengamos suerte» y «Disección de los desvelos» del poemario Los buenos propósitos (2015) de Ana Merino, con la finalidad de demostrar la condición autorreflexiva de ambos textos. Queda confirmado así, para el último libro de Merino, el carácter metaliterario que críticos como Luis Beltrán Almería o Itzíar López Guil han sabido ver en su poesía anterior.

Keywords: Ana Merino, Los buenos propósitos, poesía española contemporánea, poesía española del siglo XXI, poesía autorreflexiva, «Tal vez tengamos suerte», «Disección de los desvelos»
La compleja trama discursiva del "Libro de Fernán Gonçález"
Authors: López Guil Itzíar
Published: November 2020

En este trabajo se estudian la compleja trama discursiva del Libro de Fernán Gonçález y, entre otros aspectos, su vinculación al Monasterio de Arlanza mediante la figura del conde don Fernando y también a través de la presentación de Castilla como el único reino cristiano heredero de monarquía goda (y, por tanto, obligado a mantener, sobre todo con el clero, la lealtad interestamental, propia de sus supuestos antecesores, según se relata en la llamada «Introducción histórica»).

Keywords: Libro de Fernán Gonçález, Poema de Fernán Gonçález, análisis del discurso literario, Monasterio de San Pedro de Arlanza
Poemas con título o sin él. Acerca de algunas opciones estéticas de Juan Ramón Jiménez
Authors: Güntert Georges
Published: November 2020

El análisis de las opciones a favor o contra el título nos permite enfocar la trayectoria poética de JRJ desde otra perspectiva. Se observan, en efecto, cambios de actitud sorprendentes. Si la renuncia al título individual es constante en la fase melancólico-musical, que va desde Arias tristes hasta Pastorales, ocurre lo contrario en algunas obras de madurez y, sobre todo, en Diario de un poeta recién casado, donde el poema aspira a ser pensamiento-palabra capaz de conferir eternidad al instante.

Keywords: modernismo, técnicas impresionistas, simbolismo, poética de la madurez, titulogía
Sobre "García" (2015), de Pablo García Casado, y los títulos de sus poemas
Authors: López Guil Itzíar
Published: November 2020

En este artículo, tras exponer algunas conclusiones de un trabajo anterior sobre los títulos en Las afueras (1997), se realiza un estudio discursivo de García (2015), el último poemario de Pablo García Casado. Se analizan algunos textos significativos, clasificando sus títulos con la tipología de Besa Camprubí y comparando los dos libros de poemas, con vistas a detectar e interpretar una posible evolución en la forma de titular de García Casado.

Keywords: Las afueras, García, Pablo García Casado, Titulogía, Títulos de poemas, análisis del discurso, poesía española del siglo XXI