bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mulheres, arquivos e processos de criação
Authors: Borges Rosa , Mota Mabel Meira , Troitiño Sonia
Published: January 2023

Editorial do dossiê 47 - "Mulheres, arquivos e processos de criação".
Platelet-Mimicking Nanosponges for Functional Reversal of Antiplatelet Agents
Authors: Xu Junchao , Yan Na , Wang Chunling , Gao Chao , Han Xuexiang , Yang Chengzhi , Xu Jiaqi , Wang Kun , Mitchell Michael J. , Zhang Yinlong , Nie Guangjun
Published: January 2023

Background:

During long-term antiplatelet agents (APAs) administration, patients with thrombotic diseases take a fairly high risk of life-threatening bleeding, especially when in need of urgent surgery. Rapid functional reversal of APAs remains an issue yet to be efficiently resolved by far due to the lack of any specific reversal agent in the clinic, which greatly restricts the use of APAs.

Methods:

Flow cytometry analysis was first applied to assess the dose-dependent reversal activity of platelet-mimicking perfluorocarbon-based nanosponges (PLT-PFCs) toward ticagrelor. The tail bleeding time of mice treated with APAs followed by PLT-PFCs was recorded at different time points, along with corresponding pharmacokinetic analysis of ticagrelor and tirofiban. A hemorrhagic transformation model was established in experimental stroke mice with thrombolytic/antiplatelet therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging was subsequently applied to observe hemorrhage and thrombosis in vivo. Further evaluation of the spontaneous clot formation activity of PLT-PFCs was achieved by clot retraction assay in vitro.

Results:

PLT-PFCs potently reversed the antiplatelet effect of APAs by competitively binding with APAs. PLT-PFCs showed high binding affinity comparable to fresh platelets in vitro with first-line APAs, ticagrelor and tirofiban, and efficiently reversed their function in both tail bleeding and postischemic-reperfusion models. Moreover, the deficiency of platelet intrinsic thrombotic activity diminished the risk of thrombogenesis.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of platelet-mimicking nanosponges in ameliorating the bleeding risk of different APAs, which offers a promising strategy for the management of bleeding complications induced by antiplatelet therapy.
Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health: A Longitudinal Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in US Counties From 2009 to 2018
Authors: Son Heejung , Zhang Donglan , Shen Ye , Jaysing Anna , Zhang Jielu , Chen Zhuo , Mu Lan , Liu Junxiu , Rajbhandari‐Thapa Janani , Li Yan , Pagán José A.
Published: January 2023

Background

Disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes persist across the United States. Social determinants of health play an important role in driving these disparities. The current study aims to identify the most important social determinants associated with CVD mortality over time in US counties.

Methods and Results

The authors used the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's database on social determinants of health and linked it with CVD mortality data at the county level from 2009 to 2018. The age‐standardized CVD mortality rate was measured as the number of deaths per 100 000 people. Penalized generalized estimating equations were used to select social determinants associated with county‐level CVD mortality. The analytic sample included 3142 counties. The penalized generalized estimating equation identified 17 key social determinants of health including rural–urban status, county's racial composition, income, food, and housing status. Over the 10‐year period, CVD mortality declined at an annual rate of 1.08 (95% CI, 0.74–1.42) deaths per 100 000 people. Rural counties and counties with a higher percentage of Black residents had a consistently higher CVD mortality rate than urban counties and counties with a lower percentage of Black residents. The rural–urban CVD mortality gap did not change significantly over the past decade, whereas the association between the percentage of Black residents and CVD mortality showed a significant diminishing trend over time.

Conclusions

County‐level CVD mortality declined from 2009 through 2018. However, rural counties and counties with a higher percentage of Black residents continued to experience higher CVD mortality. Median income, food, and housing status consistently predicted higher CVD mortality.
On the identity of the Teyde dog-rose (Rosaceae): evidence for a new endemic taxon from Tenerife, Spain
Authors: WELLER ANDRÉ-ALEXANDER , REICHERT HANS
Published: January 2023

In view of the high diversity found in many groups of vascular plants on the Canary Islands, Spain, the genus Rosa (Rosaceae) is poorly represented comprising only two native taxa (R. canina, R. rubiginosa). For the first time, this study provides detailed data on distribution, morphology, chorology and status of the so-called ‘Teyde dog-rose’, a representative of the Section Caninae, which occurs exclusively in the subalpine zone of the Cañadas del Teide, Tenerife. A survey of both native stock and herbarium material yielded that this population, currently classified as common dog-rose (Rosa canina L.), is phenotypically close to continental representatives of the glaucous dog-rose (Rosa dumalis Bechst.), from which, however, it differs in several traits such as floral characters and leaf morphology. Consequently, the population is formally recognized as a distinct taxon, Rosa dumalis ssp. nov. teydensis Weller & H. Reichert. The new subspecies appears to be extremely rare in the wild, with a low number of individuals growing at scattered localities mainly at shady rocky walls and adjacent habitats in a restricted area of the southern Cañadas. Consequently, according to IUCN criteria the taxon must be regarded as Critically Endangered.
Rehabilitation Counselors and Technology, Social Media, and Distance Counseling: Contemporary Considerations
Authors: Froehlich Robert J. , Henry Jessica S. , Tichy Nichole , Hill Julie C. , Thompson Kelsey
Published: January 2023

The use of technology in rehabilitation counseling including the delivery of rehabilitation services via virtual counseling is occurring at greater rates than ever before. At the same time, views about the utility of social media have evolved, necessitating increased consideration of social media benefits while at the same time highlighting a need for more detailed guidance regarding its usage and risks. As a standard of ethical practice, certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs) are required to be aware of guidelines that govern the ethical use of technology in the provision of rehabilitation services, including revisions to the Code of Professional Ethics for CRCs. The 2023 revisions to the Technology, Social Media, and Virtual Counseling section of the Code of Professional Ethics for CRCs specify expanded guidance for CRCs integrating apps, relevant social media, and the provision of virtual counseling. To assist CRCs to meet their standard of ethical practice, this article reviews the historical evolution of technology within the Code, the changes and expansions to Section K of the Code and discusses ethical consideration and revised guidance in the critical technology areas of virtual counseling and social media.
Learning From a Regional Approach: Integration to Scale, Spread, and Sustain Virtual Urgent Care
Authors: Hall Justin N. , Chartier Lucas B.
Published: January 2023

While new offerings of virtual urgent care services from peer hospitals faltered after initial provincial pilot funding lapsed, our 3 regional academic health sciences centers decided to partner to enhance patient access, achieve efficiencies, and support long-term sustainability. Utilizing the Development Model for Integrated Care framework, we progressed through the 4 phases to ensure joint success and high-quality care: (1) initiative and design phase—individual parallel projects but with strong collaborations and broad stakeholder engagement; (2) experimental and execution phase—continuous quality improvement approach for governance, policies, and processes; (3) expansion and monitoring phase—weekly leadership touchpoints on key performance indicators; and (4) consolidation and transformation phase—sustainability through ongoing funding.
Recruitment and Selection in the Public Sector: Do Rules Shape Managers’ Practices?
Authors: Løkke Ann-Kristina , Villadsen Anders Ryom , Bach Anne Skipper
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the effects of optimal rule control on recruitment and selection practices in public organizations. Although rules are argued to constrain organizational practices and organizational performance, there is limited knowledge about the relationship of optimal rule control to recruitment and selection practices from a managerial perspective. By conducting a study with survey responses from 1,000 public frontline managers, combined with administrative data, this article investigates how optimal rule control is associated with the formation of recruitment objectives and selections based on values and cultural fit. Findings indicate a positive relationship between optimal rule control and the formation of recruitment objectives and selections based on fit. Unexpectedly, managerial tenure does not seem to moderate the association between optimal rule control and recruitment and selection practices. The study contributes to the public human resource management literature by focusing on the influence of organizational rules on human resource practices.
The Role of Moral Anger in Social Change Efforts
Authors: Kulkarni Mukta
Published: January 2023

Drawing upon the functional account of emotions—the view that emotions can facilitate adaptive responses—I analyze how Javed Abidi harnessed moral anger to promote inclusion of persons with disabilities in India. The data comprise articles obtained from digital archives covering the period from 1993, when Abidi began his work, to 2018, when he passed away. Findings suggest that harnessing moral anger can facilitate social change through two mechanisms: disciplined collectivization wherein aggregated stakeholders can appraise injustice; and enabling collective enactment wherein they can redress injustice by choosing if, when, and how to effect change. Despite ongoing propriety breaches, moral anger can remain functional when stakeholders can balance their immersion across initiatives and can perceive change as a beneficial proxy for or an expansion of existing values. As such, the study contributes by drawing attention to the theoretical significance that a functional account has for expanding the literature on moral anger as it applies within the context of social change.
Mind the Setback! Enacted sensemaking in young workers’ early career transitions
Authors: Kutscher Gloria , Mayrhofer Wolfgang
Published: January 2023

Setbacks at career transitions can have an enduring impact on how people enact their subsequent careers. Drawing on an enacted sensemaking perspective, we examine the micro-mechanisms of career choice and navigation with and without a setback experience. Empirically, we conducted 42 interviews with Austrian apprentices and compared their career transitions and subsequent navigation through abductive analysis. We found that the apprentices overcoming setbacks at the outset of their careers engaged in more deliberate sensemaking, leading them to aspirations and expectations associated with thriving and career growth. Conceptually, we present a model of enacted sensemaking during career transitions, showing how the expectations and aspirations people enact lead to different kinds of possibilities within their career space. Contributing to career setback and sensemaking literature, we further show how deliberate sensemaking continues to shape individuals’ awareness of possibility beyond the setback experience.
The Myth of Low-Income Black Fathers’ Absence From the Lives of Adolescents
Authors: Fagan Jay
Published: January 2023

Low-income Black fathers have been portrayed in the media and in research as uninvolved and disengaged from their children. The current study uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study ( N = 2578) to examine adolescents’ reports of relationships and interaction with their biological fathers. The results showed there were no significant differences among Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and Other fathers for adolescents’ perceptions of closeness or interaction with fathers. After accounting for statistical controls, the association between race/ethnicity and father involvement was not significantly moderated by mother-father residential status. The results substantiate what other researchers have concluded: low-income, nonresident, and coresident Black fathers are no less involved with their children than fathers in other racial/ethnic groups.
The Impact of a Tier 1 Intervention on Fifth and Sixth Graders’ Reading Comprehension, Reading Strategy Use, and Reading Motivation
Authors: Bogaert Rielke , Merchie Emmelien , Van Ammel Kim , Van Keer Hilde
Published: January 2023

Because reading comprehension is an important skill that many students struggle with, there is an urgent need to foster it. Few studies have investigated effective comprehension practices within a response-to-intervention design. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of a Tier 1 intervention implemented for 10 weeks on 491 fifth and sixth graders’ reading comprehension, strategy use, and motivation by means of multilevel analyses. The Tier 1 intervention included four effective comprehension practices: strategy instruction, peer-mediated instruction, reading motivation promotion, and differentiated instruction. Results revealed no significant effects on reading comprehension, but experimental condition students increased significantly more on recreational autonomous and controlled motivation and on monitoring strategies than students in the control condition. Furthermore, struggling experimental condition students reported using significantly more monitoring and evaluating strategies than their counterparts in the control condition.
Investigation of the effects of reinforcement particles in polymers on their grindability in single grit scratch test
Authors: Khoran Mohammad , Azarhoushang Bahman , Daneshi Amir
Published: January 2023

Recently, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and its particle-reinforced composites have found a special place in various industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, anti-allergic properties, high resistance to buckling, and other superior properties. These materials have widely been used in the aerospace and medical industries and are commonly finished in the final step through the grinding process. In this work, the single grain scratch test was performed to fundamentally study the grinding process and material removal mechanism of PEEK and its particle-reinforced composites. In this method, the material removal is realized by a single grit penetrating the workpiece. It was found that the amount of flowed or piled-up (side flow) materials around the scratch in the pure polymer is higher than the other two composites. Pure polymer with 2.5 J/mm3 and glass fiber-reinforced composite with 1.1 J/mm3 resulted in the highest and lowest specific energies, respectively. The specific energy of all three materials is reduced significantly by increasing the grit penetration depth, showing the significant role of the size effect in grinding these materials. The main reasons for the different results are the high heat transfer coefficient and higher strength of CFRP composite compared to PEEK and PEEK GF 30.
Calculation and testing approaches of the kinematic envelope for suspended monorail vehicles
Authors: Shen Wenlin , Dai Huanyun , Zeng Jing , Wei Lai , Luo Ren
Published: January 2023

The line-side clearance gauge has a significant influence on the economy and operational safety of suspended monorail transit systems, for which there are currently no relevant specific standards or specifications. The important basis for determining the line-side clearance gauge is the kinematic envelope of the vehicle, while few studies have been conducted on its calculation or testing approaches currently. In this paper, the kinematic envelope calculation formulas are derived for a typical suspended monorail vehicle based on geometry and force analyses, then according to the proposed formulas, the special motion posture of suspended monorail vehicle is revealed and its occurring mechanism is analyzed in detail. Furthermore, a full-scale field test is conducted to verify the derived formulas, which shows the tested motion posture is in good agreement with that analyzed by the formulas. Finally, the effect of key parameters on the kinematic envelope is studied based on the formulas, indicating that appropriately reducing the rotation angle of the bolster can effectively decrease the kinematic envelope without sacrificing ride comfort. These results can be directly used to determine the kinematic envelope, or even as a reference for establishing standards for the line-side clearance gauge of suspended monorail in the future.
The IL-6/HO-1/STAT3 signaling pathway is implicated in the amelioration of acetaminophen-induced hepatic toxicity: A neonatal rat model
Authors: Rofaeil Remon Roshdy , Welson Nermeen N , Fawzy Michael A , Ahmed Amira F , Atta Medhat , Bahaa El-deen Mohamed Ahmed , Abdelzaher Walaa Yehia
Published: January 2023

The widespread use of acetaminophen (APAP) in children as an over-the-counter treatment can cause acute liver failure through accidental overdose or ingestion. Therefore, the current research sought to investigate the function of hemin in mitigating the acute hepatotoxic effect of APAP in rat offspring. Thirty-two rats were assigned into four groups: control, hemin, APAP, and hemin/APAP groups. Liver enzymes were measured in serum along with oxidative stress indicators, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), total nitrites (NOx), and caspase 3 in liver. Immunoblotting of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Janus kinase 2 (Jak2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was carried out. The Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression ratio was determined. A histological study and an immunohistochemical study of phosphorylated STAT3 were also done. Hemin reduced liver enzymes, MDA, TNF-α, NOx, caspase 3, IL-1β, p-STAT3 expression, p-Jak2 expression, IL-6 expression, and Bax/Bcl2 mRNA expression ratio. In contrast, hemin increased GSH, TAC, and the expression of HO-1, improving the histopathological picture of liver tissue. Thus, hemin could ameliorate APAP-induced hepatic toxicity in rat offspring through anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory actions with a possible role for the IL-6/HO-1/Jak2/STAT3 pathway.
Transcarpal Motor Conduction Velocity: Repeatability and Application in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Das Pinaki , Ghosh Parasar , Halder Subhankar , Kumar Subhankar
Published: January 2023

Background

Conduction velocity of the short segment of the median motor nerve, across wrist (transcarpal motor conduction velocity (TCMCV)), has been used to increase diagnostic yield in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, repeatability of this parameter has not been studied till date. It has not been used as an indicator of response to treatment. Using surface stimulation techniques, it is difficult to localize the sites of stimulation of transcarpal segment of median nerve in palm. As a result, small errors in measurements of TCMCV can be magnified and variability of TCMCV may occur on successive measurements. Despite this possible variation, TCMCV can be a useful tool for assessing response to therapy, if its repeatability is assessed and a cut-off value determined for a significant change in nerve conduction velocity.

Purpose

In this study, it was determined whether TCMCV is repeatable. If found to be repeatable, we show a method to determine the cut-off value of the change in this parameter for it to be considered significant.

Methods

Difference between values of TCMCV on successive measurements was obtained in hands of 26 controls. Repeatability of this parameter was determined in this control population following criteria of British Standards Institution. In 19 patients of CTS, treated with intracarpal steroid injection, pre-treatment and post-treatment values of TCMCV, and of symptom severity scale (SSS) and functional status scale (FSS), were obtained at 1, 2, and 3 months after treatment.

Results

Repeat measurements of TCMCV were made in each hand of all controls. After applying criteria of British Standards Institution, to such recordings, TCMCV was found to be repeatable and the cut-off value for significant change determined. According to this cut-off value, 4 patients of CTS showed improvement in TCMCV, with consistent improvement in SSS and FSS. Change in TCMCV corroborated qualitatively with changes in SSS and FSS.

Conclusion

Repeatability of TCMCV can be assessed by criteria of British Standards Institution and a cut-off value determined to use it as an indicator of response to treatment in CTS.
The Scott Johnson Case: Prosecuting anti-homosexual violence in New South Wales
Authors: Tomsen Stephen , Kirchengast Tyrone
Published: January 2023

Much interest about the failure of New South Wales criminal justice in relation to anti-gay/anti-homosexual violence has centred on recent developments regarding the 1988 death of Scott Johnson, including the unexpected arrest and charging of an accused killer, Scott White. This article considers White’s 2022 conviction after a failed attempt to reverse a guilty plea, since successfully appealed, and judicial reflection on the nature of ‘hate’ as criminal motive under the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW). The authors argue that while the likely new trial of White may alleviate community concern, the procedural history of the case indicates the emergence of troubling judicial discourse as to anti-homosexual violence, with mixed implications for the public understanding of victimisation in this and similar cases.
COVID-19 presenting as a non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Romozzi Marina , Amorelli Giulia , Savastano Maria Cristina , Fedele Anna Laura , Amorelli Fabio , Rizzo Stanislao , Lucchini Matteo , Mirabella Massimiliano , Nociti Viviana
Published: January 2023

We present a case of a 61-year-old woman with an atypical non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) as a unique manifestation of COVID-19. Furthermore, the patient worsened after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine administration. Our findings suggest that NA-AION could result from microangiopathic/thrombotic events that may occur during SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination against COVID-19. This report sheds light on possible ophthalmologic complications of COVID-19.
Dressing the part: The influence of police attire on outcomes in a simulated traffic violation case
Authors: Crough Quintan , Bennell Craig
Published: January 2023

Consistently outlined in juror decision-making research is that seemingly irrelevant variables (e.g., the appearance of defendants or plaintiffs) can impact judicial proceedings. Although police officers frequently appear in courtrooms, limited literature exists that assesses the impact of officer attire in this setting. The current study exposed participants to a mock-trial transcript outlining a traffic violation case in which officer gender and attire were manipulated. Participants then rendered a verdict, before providing ratings of officer credibility and police legitimacy, using the Police Legitimacy Scale (PLS). The female officer was viewed as significantly more credible than the male officer and participants’ PLS scores predicted their verdicts. Although no attire differences were found, findings might have implications for uniform policies.
Qualitative examination of homecoming experiences among active-duty military fathers during reintegration
Authors: Blankenship Abby E , Drew Alison L , Jacoby Vanessa M , Zolinski Sophie K , Ojeda Alyssa R , Dondanville Katherine A , Sharrieff Allah-Fard M , Yarvis Jeffrey , Acker Michelle , Blount Tabatha H , McGeary Cindy A , Young-McCaughan Stacey , Peterson Alan L , Kritikos Tessa K , DeVoe Ellen R
Published: January 2023

Active-duty military fathers are frequently away from their families throughout their military career and are faced with readjusting to family and garrison life after each separation. For fathers of very young children, reintegration can have unique challenges due to the tremendous developmental progression occurring in early childhood and the impact of lengthy deployment separations. While much of the research on military families focuses on extreme negative experiences (e.g., reactions to war injuries and posttraumatic stress disorder), little is known about the common experiences of military families. This qualitative study explores the reintegration experiences of 15 active-duty U.S. Army fathers with a child under six in their home during the deployment. Homecoming experiences were coded and analyzed to distinguish four adjustment factors and five adaptation challenges. Most fathers described having mixed experiences during reintegration, with 93% referencing at least one factor making adjustment easier (e.g., communication with their spouse during deployment), and 80% referencing at least one factor making adjustment difficult (e.g., child’s initial hesitation or perceived rejection). Adjustment facilitators included: spending quality time with family, individual and family growth, quality communication during deployment, and the service member’s parental perspective taking. Challenges to adjustment included negative postdeployment reactions of children, difficulty readjusting to family and civilian life, and service member psychological changes. These findings expand our understanding of the reintegration experience of active-duty fathers with young children and identify common challenges and facilitators that can be addressed through culturally informed supportive services across the deployment cycle.
Computed tomography improves the diagnostic accuracy but not the interobserver reliability of the Boileau classification of proximal humerus fracture sequelae
Authors: Cozzolino Andrea , Malfi Paolofrancesco , de Giovanni Roberto , Fedele Alfonso , Rusconi Giovanni , Guarino Amedeo , Di Pietto Francesco , Russo Raffaele
Published: January 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of computed tomography on the reliability of Boileau classification for proximal humerus fracture sequelae.

Methods

A prospective study was designed using STARD guidelines. We included all patients diagnosed with proximal humerus fracture sequelae who underwent surgery at our institution between 2017 and 2021. Preoperative radiographs and computed tomography scans were reviewed by three independent observers. Intra- and inter-observer reliability and the diagnostic accuracy of radiographs and computed tomography scans in detecting chronic dislocation, nonunion, and severe greater tuberosity dislocation were assessed.

Results

Fifty-two patients were included in the study. The overall interobserver agreement was low on both radiographs and computed tomography scans. On radiographic images, we found a sensitivity of 97%, 88.9%, and 84.1%, and a specificity of 58.3%, 40%, and 53.3% to detect chronic dislocation, nonunion, and greater tuberosity dislocation, respectively. On computed tomography scans we reported a sensitivity of 100%, 96.8%, and 93.7%, and a specificity of 91.7%, 86.7%, and 93.3% to detect chronic dislocation, nonunion, and greater tuberosity dislocation, respectively.

Discussion

Computed tomography scan was more specific than radiographs in the assessment of proximal humerus fracture sequelae. However, even using a three-dimensional evaluation of the deformity, the Boileau classification had a poor interobserver reliability.

Level of Evidence

I. Testing previously developed diagnostic criteria in a consecutive series of patients and a universally applied “gold standard.”
A Patient-Reported Outcome-Based Comparison of Cheilectomy With and Without Proximal Phalangeal Dorsiflexion Osteotomy for Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Kim Jaeyoung , Rajan Lavan , Fuller Robert M. , Mizher Rami , Cororaton Agnes D. , Kumar Prashanth , An Tonya W. , Deland Jonathan T. , Ellis Scott J.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

This study provides the first comparison of patient-reported outcomes between isolated cheilectomy (C) and cheilectomy with Moberg (CM) osteotomy for hallux rigidus.

Methods

A single-center, retrospective registry search identified all patients with preoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores who underwent cheilectomy, with and without concomitant proximal phalangeal dorsiflexion osteotomy, for hallux rigidus between January 2016 and December 2020. Because there were far fewer isolated cheilectomies (62), all C patients were compared with a commensurate number of consecutive CM cases (67) using preoperative, 1-year, and 2-year PROMIS scores for physical function, pain interference, pain intensity, global physical health, global mental health, and depression, as well as complication and revision data from a chart review. A multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to compare adjusted postoperative PROMIS scores between the 2 cohorts.

Results

There were no differences between groups among the demographic and preoperative variables compared. The CM cohort reported worse pain interference scores preoperatively (P < .001) and at 1 year postoperatively (P = .01). However, the C cohort reported worse pain intensity scores preoperatively (P < .001) and at 1 year postoperatively (P < .001). Adjusted postoperative PROMIS score comparison demonstrated that the CM cohort had better 1-year postoperative pain intensity scores (P < .05). However, there were no differences between cohorts for additional PROMIS scores or complications data.

Conclusion

The addition of a Moberg osteotomy does not appear to significantly change short- to medium-term outcomes of cheilectomy for hallux rigidus treatment.

Levels of Evidence:

Level III: Retrospective comparative study
Safety assessment for a ballast railway induced by underground subway tunnel blasting: A case study
Authors: Zhao Bowen , Jiang Nan , Zhou Chuanbo , Yao Yingkang , Zhou Wenbin , Cai Zhongwei
Published: January 2023

Modern railroad infrastructure is subject to blast vibrations. The dynamic safety of an operating railroad under the influence of tunnel blasting is a primary problem for metro development in urban areas. In this paper, the blasting excavation of Wuhan Metro Line 5 was selected as a case. The ballast rail- sleeper- ballast bed composite structure numerical model was developed and validated in order to evaluate the ballast railway’s safety. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics element was chosen to replicate the ballast bed due to the instability and unpredictability of the ballast bed constructed from crushed stone. Further analysis was conducted on the dynamic response characteristics of the ballast rail-sleeper-ballast bed composite structure. On the basis of the parameter calculation and analysis, a prediction model of the blast vibration velocity of the ballast rail under blasting conditions was developed. Next, the rail was simulated as a semi-infinite Euler beam and placed on the Kelvin foundation to calculate the rail displacement at the train’s limited operation speed. By substituting the maximum rail displacement when the train is running at maximum speed into the rail velocity prediction model, it is possible to determine the maximum blast velocity that the rail can withstand in this instance. In this case, the ballast bed, sleeper, and ballast rail were also deemed safe.
The relationship between playing video games on mobile devices and well-being in a sample of Japanese adolescents and adults
Authors: Yamaguchi Shinichi
Published: January 2023

Objectives:

In this study, I have tested the following hypothesis: Playing a mobile game for an appropriate length of time results in a stronger sense of happiness (well-being) than not playing at all.

Methods:

I used the questionnaires data from 5000 participants. Well-being was measured using the three following indicators: the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, satisfaction with life scale, and four-dimensional happiness indicator. I constructed a mathematical model for determining individual well-being. The variable of game playtime was split into two parts, and the split points were selected as the most applicable using Akaike Information Criterion to search for the appropriate length of time spent playing the mobile game.

Results:

The results showed that mobile games were significantly and positively correlated with both positive and negative emotions. Playing a mobile game for 2 h or less each day was associated with a significantly higher satisfaction with life than not playing one at all. Further, well-being was significantly higher when there were no time limitations with regard to “relationship and gratitude” and when playing a mobile game for no more than 1.5 h each day with regard to “independence and my own pace” as compared to not playing one at all. Playing a mobile game for more than 2 h each day, however, resulted in lower well-being with regard to “self-realization and growth” and “positive frame of mind and optimism” as compared to not playing one at all.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate that playing a mobile game for no longer than 1.5 h each day results in higher well-being than not playing one at all. Conversely, playing a mobile game for more than 2 h each day significantly lowers some aspects of happiness but does not significantly affect the overall satisfaction with life.
Ground truth tracings (GTT): On the epistemic limits of machine learning
Authors: Kang Edward B
Published: January 2023

There is a gap in existing critical scholarship that engages with the ways in which current “machine listening” or voice analytics/biometric systems intersect with the technical specificities of machine learning. This article examines the sociotechnical assemblage of machine learning techniques, practices, and cultures that underlie these technologies. After engaging with various practitioners working in companies that develop machine listening systems, ranging from CEOs, machine learning engineers, data scientists, and business analysts, among others, I bring attention to the centrality of “learnability” as a malleable conceptual framework that bends according to various “ground-truthing” practices in formalizing certain listening-based prediction tasks for machine learning. In response, I introduce a process I call Ground Truth Tracings to examine the various ontological translations that occur in training a machine to “learn to listen.” Ultimately, by further examining this notion of learnability through the aperture of power, I take insights acquired through my fieldwork in the machine listening industry and propose a strategically reductive heuristic through which the epistemological and ethical soundness of machine learning, writ large, can be contemplated.
Developing and testing an integrated patient mHealth and provider dashboard application system for type 2 diabetes management among Medicaid-enrolled pregnant individuals based on a user-centered approach: Mixed-methods study
Authors: Fareed Naleef , Swoboda Christine , Singh Priti , Boettcher Emma , Wang Yiting , Venkatesh Kartik , Strouse Robert
Published: January 2023

Background

A tailored and integrated technology solution (patient mHealth application and provider dashboard) can provide a 360° view of Medicaid-enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) during pregnancy that could improve health outcomes and address health inequities.

Objectives

To develop a set of user specifications for the mHealth and dashboard applications, develop prototypes based on user needs, and collect initial impressions of the prototypes to subsequently develop refined tools that are ready for deployment.

Methods

Study activities followed a double-diamond framework with a participatory design mindset. Activities were divided into two phases focused on a qualitative inquiry about participant needs and values (phase 1) and design, development, and usability testing of low and high-fidelity prototypes (phase 2).

Results

We identified themes that exemplified pregnancy experience among Medicaid-enrolled individuals with T2D. Patients ( n  =  7) and providers ( n  =  7) expressed a core set of expectations for the mHealth and dashboard applications. Participants provided feedback to improve the mHealth and dashboard. For both applications, participants reported scores for the NASA Task load Survey (TLX) that were in the 20th percentile of national TLX scores.

Conclusions

Digital health tools have the ability to transform health care among Medicaid-enrolled patients with T2D during pregnancy, with the goal of managing their blood glucose levels, which is a precursor to experiencing a successful pregnancy and birth. Distilling patient and provider needs and preferences—then using them, along with prior studies and theory, to develop applications—holds great potential in tackling complicated health care issues.
Internet of medical things-based real-time digital health service for precision medicine: Empirical studies using MEDBIZ platform
Authors: Lee Hee Young , Lee Kang Hyun , Lee Kyu Hee , Erdenbayar Urtnasan , Hwang Sangwon , Lee Eun Young , Lee Jung Hun , Kim Hee Jin , Park Sung Bin , Park Joon Wook , Chung Tae Yun , Kim Tae Hyoung , Youk Hyun
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to introduce the implemented MEDBIZ platform based on the internet of medical things (IoMT) supporting real-time digital health services for precision medicine. In addition, we demonstrated four empirical studies of the digital health ecosystem that could provide real-time healthcare services based on IoMT using real-world data from in-hospital and out-hospital patients. Implemented MEDBIZ platform based on the IoMT devices and big data to provide digital healthcare services to the enterprise and users. The big data platform is consisting of four main components: IoMT, core, analytics, and services. Among the implemented MEDBIZ platform, we performed four clinical trials that designed monitoring services related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, metabolic syndrome, arrhythmia, and diabetes mellitus. Of the four empirical studies on monitoring services, two had been completed and the rest were still in progress. In the metabolic syndrome monitoring service, two studies were reported. One was reported that intervention components, especially wearable devices and mobile apps, made systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and glycosylated hemoglobin decrease after 6 months. Another one was presented that increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were prevented in participants with the pre-metabolic syndrome. Also, self-care using healthcare devices might help prevent and manage metabolic syndrome. In the arrhythmia monitoring service, during the real-time monitoring of vital signs remotely at the monitoring center, 318 (15.9%) general hikers found abnormal signals, and 296 (93.1%) people were recommended for treatment. We demonstrated the implemented MEDBIZ platform based on IoMT supporting digital healthcare services by acquiring real-world data for getting real-world evidence. And then through this platform, we were developing software as a medical device, digital therapeutics, and digital healthcare services, and contributing to the development of the digital health ecosystem.
Adapting Group CBT-I for Telehealth-to-Home With Military Veterans in Primary Care
Authors: Arizmendi Brian J. , Gress-Smith Jenna L. , Krieg Christina , Waddell Jack
Published: January 2023

Utilization of telehealth modalities to provide cognitive and behavioral therapies is rapidly increasing. Limitations to access to care can prohibit individuals from getting the care they need, especially evidence-based treatments. In the U.S., Veterans are a population in great need of accessible and high-quality evidence-based psychotherapy for insomnia, as it often co-occurs with other common syndromes such as depression and PTSD. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) offers effective treatment for insomnia and can be delivered via telehealth and in a group format to greatly increase availability and accessibility. To date, however, few programs exist offering telehealth-to-home CBT-I, fewer still are offered in a primary care setting, and none to our knowledge are offered in group format. We examine the feasibility and efficacy of a fully telehealth-to-home (TTH) group CBT-I pilot program in primary care and compare primary outcomes to those seen in a face-to-face (F2F) format as well as meta-analytic studies of group CBT-I. Primary endpoints, as typically defined such as sleep efficiency (SE) and scores on the insomnia severity index (ISI) appear comparable to those seen in F2F groups in our clinic, and to outcomes seen in the literature. We discuss challenges and strategies for successful implementation of such a program in integrated primary care to increase access and availability of this evidence-based treatment.
An Investigation of the Impact of COVID-19 on Food Access and Security in Bexar County: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Chen Olivia , Badillo Corina , Wristers Dirk , Ali Fozia
Published: January 2023

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of COVID-19 on food access and security in Bexar County, located within San Antonio, TX.

Methods:

To assess food insecurity levels and severity, we distributed a 10-min Qualtrics survey to San Antonio Food Bank (SAFB) clients. The survey was distributed between 19 October 2020 and 24 May 2021. Twenty-four survey respondents also participated in virtual focus group sessions over Zoom. Seven virtual focus group interviews were held between 15 January 2021 and 5 March 2021.

Results:

Survey results revealed that following COVID-19, 20.2% of SAFB clients were newly food insecure. 31.3% of survey respondents reported reduced wages and 28.8% reported job loss. Households experiencing job disruption from COVID-19 were 7 times at greater odds of being food insecure (OR 7.05; 95% CI, 1.61-30.88), as compared to those with stable employment. Major subthemes across focus group interviews included “excessive amounts of a single food item distributed,” “long wait times for food,” and “not receiving the type of food needed.”

Conclusions:

Our study found evidence to support early studies’ findings that COVID-19 has negatively impacted food security for many Americans. 70% of all unique Bexar County zip codes appeared in our survey analysis. Even beyond COVID-19′s effect on food security, many other major societal changes were identified such as the increased reliance on technology, decreased in-person social gatherings, and greater mental health needs.
Identification of an Operative Time Threshold for Substantially Increased Postoperative Complications Among Elderly Spine Surgery Patients
Authors: Findlay Matthew C. , Kim Robert B. , Warner Wesley S. , Sherrod Brandon A. , Park Seojin , Mazur Marcus D. , Mahan Mark A.
Published: January 2023

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives

To identify whether thresholds exist beyond which operative duration or age increases risks for complications among patients ≥65 years undergoing elective spine surgery.

Methods

Elective inpatient spine procedures unrelated to infection/trauma/tumor diagnoses in patients <65 years recorded in the 2006-2019 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database were identified. Univariate analyses was used to compare 30 day complication rates among 5 operative duration and age-stratified groups. To quantify the risk of prolonged operative duration on complications, multivariate analyses were performed controlling for confounders. A generalized linear model was used to assess the individual and combined effect strength of age and operative duration on complication rates.

Results

Among 87,705 patients stratified by operative duration, 30 day complication rates rose nonlinearly as operative duration increased, with a sharp rise after 4.0-4.9 hours (28.3% at 4.0-4.9 hours, 51.7% at ≥5 hours, P < .001). Multivariate analysis found operative duration was independently associated with increased risk of overall complications (odds ratio 1.10→1.69, P < .001) and medical complications (odds ratio 1.19→1.98, P < .001). Although complication rates rose by age (all P < .001), age was not independently predictive of overall complications within any operative duration group on multivariate analysis. Operative duration had a greater effect (η2 P = .067) than age (η2 P = .003) on overall complication rates.

Conclusions

Increased operative duration was strongly associated with 30 day complication rates, particularly beyond a threshold of 5 hours. Furthermore, operative duration had a notably larger effect on overall complication rates than age.
Accuracy of Realigned K-line for Predicting Surgical Outcomes After Laminoplasty in Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Duan Qifei , Liang Guoyan , Chen Chong , Ye Yongyu , Zheng Xiaoqing , Liang Changxiang , Chang Yunbing
Published: January 2023

Study Design

A prospective cohort study.

Objectives

To report a new index, the realigned K-line, for predicting surgical outcomes after laminoplasty in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

Methods

One hundred twenty-eight patients with DCM undergoing laminoplasty were enrolled from January 2018 to April 2021 in our department. A realigned K-line was defined as the line connecting the midpoints of the spinal cord between C2 and C7 on realigned T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The minimum interval between the anterior compression factors of the spinal cord and the realigned K-line (INTrea), and the modified K-line (INTmod) were measured. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with unsatisfactory surgical outcomes. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) was applied to evaluate the reliability of the multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that the score for the bladder function section of the Japanese Orthopedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire, numeric rating scale scores for arm pain, and INTrea might be related to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) recovery rate (RR) not achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) (P < .05). Only INTrea (odds ratio = .744, P < .05) was an independent preoperative factor related to the JOA RR not achieving the MCID (area under the curve, .743). A cutoff of 5.0 mm for INTrea had an accuracy of 71.9% and specificity of 80.3% for predicting the JOA RR not achieving the MCID.

Conclusions

INTrea is an independent preoperative risk factor related to the JOA RR not achieving the MCID in patients with DCM. A cutoff point of 5.0 mm is most appropriate for alerting spine surgeons to a high likelihood of the JOA RR not achieving the MCID.