bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educational Predictors for the Retention of Physicians in Remote and Unassisted Areas: a Narrative Review
Authors: Rocha Erika Maria Sampaio , Boiteux Pablo de Almeida , Azevedo George Dantas de , Siqueira Carlos Eduardo Gomes , Andrade Maria Angélica Carvalho
Published: March 2020

Abstract: This is an international narrative review study, which had the objectives of identifying and understanding the determining educational aspects for the retention of physicians in remote and unassisted areas. Through search on databases, we selected ten articles about medical education institutions and programs that increased the recruitment and retention levels for their alumni in areas where there was shortage of professionals, which clarified the educational aspects associated to such results, and which were considered as predictors for the retention of physicians. The main predictors found were: selection processes that prioritized the admission of students who were previously linked to places where there was a shortage of physicians; the creation of curricular frameworks based on problem-based methodologies focused on local health issues, with an emphasis in primary care and Family and Community Medicine approaches; and the quality of the educational experiences, especially in the primary care environment in rural or remote areas, which, in turn, involve the educational trajectory and experience of professors, as well as the infrastructure and localization of the medical schools in strategic areas. The placement of school is such areas allow close proximity between the professors to the reality of the vulnerable communities. The results of the review still point out that the retention of physicians in unassisted areas demands the confrontation of social, cultural, economic and political factors, which frequently transcend the governability of educational institutions. They also reiterate the need for a wider conceptual uniformity among research studies in order to ensure more solid scientific evidence about the subject, and the importance of conducting studies that contemplate the Latin-American context, specifically Brazil, where the literature on the topic is still scarce.
Chemical stress reduces the lateral shoot growth in vernalized garlic
Authors: Gabriel André , Resende Juliano TV , Marodin Josué C , Matos Rafael de , Zeist André R , Maciel Cleber Daniel G
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Brazil’s low garlic productivity is attributed, mainly to the lateral shoot growth, a physiological anomaly characterized by early lateral shoot growth of cloves in noble group garlic cultivars. Considering the aforementioned information, the aim was to evaluate the occurrence of lateral shoot growth and productivity characteristics in garlic plants, cv. Chonan, subject to herbicide chemical stress. In order to do so, an experiment was conducted in outlining randomized blocks in a 3x5 factorial scheme, constituted by three herbicides (paraquat 500 g ha-1; ammonium gluphosinate 400 g ha-1 and glyphosate 720 g ha-1) and five subdoses (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of the minimum recommended dose of each herbicide). The electron transport rates (ETR) were evaluated after herbicide application, as well as the culture’s morphological and productive characteristics. The chemical stress caused by herbicides paraquat, ammonium gluphosinate and glyphosate in underdoses of 25, 40 and 36 i.a. ha-1, respectively, was efficient in reducing the electron transport rate and the lateral shoot growth of the Chonan garlic cultivar, and also technically viable in increasing the productivity of commercial bulbs.
Water and fertilizers use efficiency in two hydroponic systems for tomato production
Authors: Rosa-Rodríguez Rodolfo De la , Lara-Herrera Alfredo , Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris , Padilla-Bernal Luz Evelia , Solis-Sánchez Luis Octavio , Ortiz-Rodríguez José Manuel
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT The amount of water and fertilizers used in the production of vegetables, specifically tomatoes, is high. This study was carried out to determine water and fertilizers use efficiency in closed and open hydroponic systems for tomato production under greenhouse conditions. Two treatments with eight replications were assessed; each replication consisted of 67 pots with two plants each. One treatment was a closed hydroponic system (with nutrient solution recirculation), and the other was an open hydroponic system (with non-recirculating nutrient solution). We quantified the amounts of water and fertilizers applied, as well as the losses (drained nutrient solution), in the two treatments during the entire cycle of tomato. In the nutrient solution (NS) we also measured electric conductivity (EC), pH, volume applied, and volume drained, and total weight of fruits (25 pickings). There were no significant differences between the two treatments on fruit production. Water use efficiency was 59.53 kg/fruit/m3 for the closed system and 46.03 kg/fruit/m3 in the open system. In comparison to the open system, the closed system produced 13.50 kg more fruit per cubic meter of water, while 10.31 grams less fertilizers per kilogram of fruit produced were only applied. Water and fertilizers use efficiency were higher in the closed system, by 22.68% and 22.69%, respectively. More efficiency was obtained in the closed system, regarding the open system. We concluded that the closed system is a good alternative to produce tomato and preserve the resources involved in the process (like water and fertilizers), thus reducing pollution.
Performance of advanced potato genotypes in organic and conventional production systems
Authors: Ragassi Carlos Francisco , Carvalho Agnaldo DF de , Silva Giovani Olegário da , Pereira Gabriel Emiliano , Pereira Arione da S
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Potato is responsive to intensive agricultural input use; however, it can be produced in less intensive production systems (such as the organic system) by using appropriate production techniques and genotypes adapted to this system. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of advanced potato genotypes for tuber yield under conventional and organic production systems, in order to select potential genotypes to become new cultivars adapted to these systems. Fifteen advanced potato clones and two controls were evaluated under organic and conventional production systems, in 2016 and 2017, in Brasília-DF, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and plots composed of two rows with 10 plants each, spaced 0.35 m between plants and 0.80 m between rows. Total (mass) and marketable (mass and number of tubers) productivities were evaluated. Variance analysis showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Despite the lower average tuber yield in the organic system, selecting genotypes with high potential productivity was possible in this system, such as F158-08-01 and F158-08-02, showing high marketable tuber yield, with values equivalent to the conventional system. Clones F102-08-04, F13-09-07, F-18-09-03, F-183-08-01, F-21-09-07, F31-08-05, F63-10-07 and F97-07-03 also outperformed the control cultivars in organic system. For conventional system, F158-08-01, F158-08-02 and F183-08-01 were superior, and F18-09-03, F21-09-07, F63-10-07, F97-07-03, PCDINV10 and PCDSE090 showed performance similar or superior to the most productive control (cultivar Asterix). Genotypes F158-08-01 and F158-08-02 were superior in both conventional and organic systems, with potential to become new cultivars recommended for both production systems.
Yacon planting density in intercropping with corn under banana orchard
Authors: Teixeira Ariany das Graças , Oliveira Fábio Luiz de , Parajara Magno do C , Zucoloto Moises , Dalvi Leandro P
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Yacon is a crop which requires development of strategies for its cultivation. One of the possibilities is to introduce yacon in perennial crops using intercropping system. The aim of this study was to evaluate different planting densities of yacon grown in intercropping with corn under banana orchard, verifying its development and production. At 90 days after planting, morphological and physiological evaluations were done, at 210 days yacon was harvested, and its productivity calculated using the fresh tuberous root production. The Area Equivalence Index (IEA), and the Relative Contribution of Crops (CRC) to IEA were calculated. Yacon development and production were hampered by the corn intercropping (under the banana orchard), regardless of the yacon density used. IEA increased with yacon and corn intercropping in relation to greater CRC of corn to the intercropping and its market value, the system presented higher gross income. Planting yacon under banana orchard optimizes the use of the area and it is profitable for the farmer, especially when yacon is planted in double rows, alternating between banana rows, spacing 0.3 and 0.4 m.
Análise das diretrizes brasileiras de obesidade: patologização do corpo gordo, abordagem focada na perda de peso e gordofobia
Authors: Paim Marina Bastos , Kovaleski Douglas Francisco
Published: March 2020

Resumo Atualmente a obesidade é considerada um dos maiores desafios da saúde pública. Ela vem sendo enfrentada a partir do incentivo de mudanças comportamentais individuais, exaltando a perda de peso como forma inquestionável de garantir saúde. Tendo em vista este contexto e a importância das Diretrizes brasileiras de obesidade sobre o campo da obesidade, sua influência sobre a prática profissional, o tipo de tratamento incentivado e o processo decisório em relação aos corpos gordos, foi realizada uma análise deste documento, associada à emergente discussão de como o discurso da saúde justifica e reproduz a gordofobia da sociedade. A análise se deu primeiramente em relação à patologização do corpo gordo e como isto é acompanhado de uma valorização do corpo magro. Em seguida, discute-se a abordagem normativa do peso, que propõe intervenções individuais sempre focadas na perda de peso. Pode-se notar que o discurso presente nas Diretrizes reforça a saúde inerente dos corpos magros, reproduz estereótipos relacionados ao corpo gordo e relaciona diretamente quilos perdidos com melhor nível de saúde.
Diálogo aberto: pontos críticos da implementação no cuidado à crise psicótica
Authors: Kantorski Luciane Prado , Cardano Mario , Salamina Giuseppe , Alonzi Claudia , Tarantino Chiara , Wünsch Carla Gabriela
Published: March 2020

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os pontos críticos para a implementação da abordagem do diálogo aberto na atenção à crise psicótica. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, utilizando os formulários preenchidos por profissionais de saúde mental que participaram de um seminário sobre a temática, realizado por Jaakko Seikkula em 2015, na Itália. Foram analisados 83 formulários com questões abertas autoaplicadas para detectar o perfil sociodemográfico dos participantes, convidando-os a indicar os pontos críticos da implementação do diálogo aberto. Os resultados foram organizados a partir dos sete princípios da abordagem e analisados segundo o conceito weberiano de tipo ideal de criticidade, sendo dispostos em dois tipos ideais: o organizacional e o cultural. Na percepção dos participantes a transferência dessa modalidade terapêutica para a Itália não parece livre de obstáculos. Os princípios de maior preocupação entre os profissionais enfermeiros e médicos foram: ajuda imediata, rede social, flexibilidade e mobilidade. Diante disso, reflete-se sobre os impasses perante a necessidade de mudar concepções, organizações, saberes e práticas de cuidado em saúde mental comunitária no contexto da desinstitucionalização.
Qual é o grau de incerteza do Ideb e por que isso importa?
Authors: Travitzki Rodrigo
Published: March 2020

Resumo Propõe-se um método para calcular a “margem de erro” (intervalo de confiança) do Indicador de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb), com base nas leis de propagação da incerteza. O método foi aplicado aos microdados de 2015, incluindo 29.313 escolas e 2.381.722 alunos das séries finais do Ensino Fundamental. Comparou-se, também, o Ideb 2015 com a série histórica, levando em conta o intervalo de confiança. Os resultados dependem do nível: no nível dos estados, a incerteza é pequena e pouco relevante; no nível das escolas, a incerteza é alta, mais de 80% das escolas não apresentou mudança significativa de uma edição do Ideb para outra. Os resultados sugerem que o Ideb apresenta confiabilidade estatística nas metas de longo prazo (para 2022) de escolas e estados, e também para monitorar estados mesmo em curto prazo (2 anos). Contudo, o Ideb não se mostrou suficientemente confiável para monitorar escolas nem em médio prazo (6 anos). Nesse sentido, é importante que o Ideb por escola seja acompanhado de um intervalo de confiança.
Mobile applications in surgical patient health education: an integrative review
Authors: Machado Rafaela Cristina Gomes , Turrini Ruth Natalia Teresa , Sousa Cristina Silva
Published: March 2020

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the scientific literature produced on health education through mobile applications for surgical patients. METHOD An integrative literature review performed through consultation in the following portals and/or databases: VHL; PubMed; Web of Science; Scopus; LILACS and CINAHL. The search was guided by the question: “What is the evidence on the use of mobile applications in the health education of surgical patients?” conducted from July to September 2017, including articles published from the year 2000 to 2017. RESULTS Five articles published in international journals in English with varied methodological designs were selected. Among the studies found, 60% used an educational intervention through smartphone applications in the pre and postoperative periods, and 40% of the studies had an evidence level of 2B. CONCLUSION The studies showed that the use of smartphone applications in educating and guiding surgical patients was effective. However, there is still a gap in studies which demonstrate surgical patient education through smartphone applications.
Cancer Research Ethics and COVID-19
Authors: Shuman Andrew G. , Pentz Rebecca D.
Published: March 2020

This editorial highlights the ethical challenges facing oncologists and clinical investigators during the global COVID-19 pandemic.
When is the Fiscal Multiplier High? A Comparison of Four Business Cycle Phases
Authors: Berge Travis , De Ridder Maarten , Pfajfar Damjan
Published: March 2020

We synthesize the recent, at times conflicting, empirical literature regarding whether fiscal policy is more effective during certain points in the business cycle. Evidence of state dependence in the multiplier depends critically on how the business cycle is defined. Estimates of the fiscal multiplier do not change when the unemployment rate is above or below its trend. However, we find that the multiplier is higher when the unemployment rate is increasing relative to when it is decreasing. This result holds using both a long time-series at the U.S. national level and for a panel of U.S. states.
THE ORIGINAL INSTITUTIONALISM AS A SCHOOL OF POLITICAL ECONOMICS
Authors: AKAN Taner
Published: March 2020

With the Great Recession of 2008-09, a
regulation-theoretic agenda, albeit ambigious, has come to the fore. In the
field of political economy, it is principally the original institutionalism
that bases its premises upon a constraint-theoretic regulation of economic
institutions. This paper, in this context, aims first to examine the
methodological and theoretical space of original institutionalism in the wider
discipline of political economy with particular reference to its points of
divergence from the new and rational choice institutionalism, and then to
investigate its rudiments in terms of the systemic interactions between the
building blocks of a politico-economic regime ranging from norm-contingent
economic development to business cycles and innovation.
NURSE SCHEDULING AND RESCHEDULING UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Authors: BATUN Sakine , KARPUZ Ece
Published: March 2020

Nurse planning decisions play a critical role on hospital budgeting, quality of nursing services and job satisfaction of nurses. Nurse planning in a hospital is composed of four main phases: nurse budgeting, nurse scheduling (rostering), nurse rescheduling (staffing) and nurse assignment. In this study, the integrated problem of nurse scheduling and rescheduling under demand uncertainty is considered. The problem is formulated and solved as a two-stage stochastic integer program. The value of the stochastic solution is estimated using realistic problem instances over a monthly planning horizon generated based on the data provided by a private healthcare provider in Ankara, Turkey. The computational results show that the value of the stochastic solution can be more than 9% in some problem instances, and hence healthcare providers can benefit from using models that capture uncertainty rather than deterministic models.
Buen gobierno local y rendición de cuentas en España
Authors: Fernández Llera Roberto
Published: March 2020

La rendición de cuentas es una de las exigencias fundamentales dentro de los parámetros generales del buen gobierno y de la transparencia. El sector público local en España ofrece un  caso de estudio especialmente interesante, por la amplitud de la muestra a analizar y por los cambios normativos de los últimos años. Para ello, se examina el buen gobierno en la normativa española, con especial atención al sector público local y al grado efectivo de cumplimiento del deber de rendición de cuentas ante las instituciones de control externo. La metodología empleada combina la técnica jurídica y politológica con el análisis de los principales indicadores del ciclo presupuestario. La principal conclusión señala el bajo grado de cumplimiento de las obligaciones legales en los municipios españoles. Las causas son múltiples y variadas, algunas de las cuales está tratando de combatir la reciente legislación de transparencia y buen gobierno, tanto estatal como autonómica. En el sector público local se precisa una mayor claridad en las normas y procedimientos internos que permitan cumplir con mayor eficacia las exigencias legales, adaptándose en particular al tamaño de cada administración concernida, dada la atomización municipal. La difusión y la comunicación de los resultados es otra variable fundamental para impulsar el cumplimiento de estas obligaciones. En última instancia, antes graves y reiterados incumplimientos, podrían ser eficaces las medidas coercitivas y las sanciones.
Identificación de la percepción del turista hacia el destino Cuenca-Ecuador, mediante la “Netnografía”
Authors: Morales Vásquez Nicolás E. , Gómez Ceballos Gliceria P.
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación analiza la necesidad y conveniencia de demostrar que la Netnografía es un método que aporta al desarrollo del turismo,  ya que contribuye a determinar los gustos y preferencias con relación a los recursos/atractivos existentes en la localidad  y el nivel de satisfacción de las necesidades en los consumidores; el objetivo general, es identificar atributos del perfil de los turistas para el destino Cuenca, Ecuador y la metodología seleccionada para el estudio, fue la propuesta por Vargas (2011), quien establece como pasos del procedimiento: la definición del tópico a investigar, las comunidades virtuales donde se extraerán los datos y por último, la interpretación de la información. El universo de la investigación integró la totalidad de comentarios extraídos de la página de Facebook de Visit Cuenca Ecuador y el foro de turismo de la ciudad de Cuenca en Trip Advisor. El análisis arrojó como resultado la percepción de los turistas con relación a los atributos que oferta la ciudad, la existencia de una mayor afluencia de turismo nacional y segmentación de turistas  extranjeros por su procedencia, destacándose América Latina y Caribe;  se observa que el atractivo más importante en orden de preferencia es el área arquitectónica y los atractivos naturales del entorno; hallazgos que podrán ser tomados  en  cuenta para el diseño de futuras estrategias de comercialización del destino.
Perspectivas del financiamiento corporativo y el mercado de valores del Perú
Authors: Horna Zegarra Indalecio Enrique
Published: March 2020

El grado de desarrollo de los mercados financieros son un indicativo del crecimiento económico de los países. Una alternativa para el financiamiento de las empresas es la colocación de bonos corporativos a través del mercado de valores, así, este estudio pretende revisar el comportamiento en el mercado de valores peruano relativo a las emisiones de bonos corporativos comparativamente durante los periodos 2005-2010 y 2015-2019, como reflejo de la situación del mercado actual peruano. Es una investigación de tipo documental y descriptiva, recopilando datos relativos a las colocaciones de bonos corporativos (montos, plazos de vencimiento y tasas de interés), mediante la revisión de notas de prensa de la Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores (SMV) y los respectivos informes acumulados, de las diferentes compañías clasificadoras de riesgo aprobadas por SMV, para cada una de las empresas en estudio. Se observó en promedio un aumento en las emisiones, así como la disminución de las tasas de interés y ambas tendencias, fueron estadísticamente significativas. Por otra parte, dos de las empresas revisadas, emitieron bonos verdes tanto en el mercado nacional como en el internacional. Estos, son indicadores favorables para la economía del Perú, los cuales validan que viene en crecimiento y más aún, predispuestas al cambio global en donde se busca más que el financiamiento empresarial, un impacto positivo en el ámbito social y en el medio ambiente, con la emisión de bonos verdes.
Espiritualidade e Religiosidade como práticas de enfrentamento ao uso abusivo de drogas
Authors: Diniz Adriane Pinto , Minucci Gabriel Silvestre , Roama-Alves Rauni Jandé , Souza e Souza Luís Paulo
Published: March 2020

Objetivou-se conhecer a relação entre a espiritualidade e a religiosidade com o uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas, por meio da análise de publicações em revistas científicas. Foi realizada revisão integrativa da literatura de acordo com publicações encontradas nas bases de dados eletrônicas PePSIC, Index Psi, BDENF e LILACS. Utilizaram-se os seguintes descritores: “Espiritualidade”; “Religiosidade”; “Usuários de drogas”; “Abuso de álcool”; “Fatores de proteção”. Para seleção das publicações, foram aplicados os seguintes critérios de inclusão: pertencer à faixa temporal de 2007 a 2017; estar disponível na íntegra, eletrônica e gratuitamente; estar em português; ser identificada a temática foco de análise no título e/ou resumo e/ou na leitura integral do artigo. O único critério de exclusão adotado foi a repetição entre as bases de dados. Selecionaram-se 13 artigos. Como resultado, verificou-se efeitos protetores da espiritualidade e da religiosidade na maioria dos estudos, como: aspecto preventivo entre adolescentes; promoção de hábitos saudáveis entre gestantes; promoção de hábitos saudáveis via comunidades religiosas; prevenção de recaídas durante o processo de desintoxicação do uso abusivo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. Porém, houve neutralidade da mediação dessas crenças e práticas em grupos de universitários e hapatopatas. Tais dados favorecem o fortalecimento da discussão científica da espiritualidade e da religiosidade, tanto em seus aspectos positivos, negativos e neutros, no cotidiano e na singularidade dos usuários, dentro da lógica da integralidade e humanização na promoção da saúde.
Processo de transição para uma posição de liderança: um estudo com mulheres
Authors: Brandão Catarina do Vale , Santos Fábio , Peres Sara
Published: March 2020

Parecem ser vários os desafios, emoções e constrangimentos com os quais as mulheres se deparam para alcançarem posições de liderança nas organizações. Nesse seguimento, este estudo tem como objetivos descrever o processo de transição de mulheres para uma posição de liderança em contexto organizacional e as representações de jovens mulheres sobre o mesmo. De forma a concretizar os objetivos definidos foram realizados dois estudos. O estudo 1 recorreu a entrevistas semiestruturadas a mulheres que viveram recentemente o processo de transição. No estudo 2 aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas abertas a 30 jovens mulheres universitárias. Os dados foram sujeitos a análise de conteúdo categorial. Os resultados permitiram identificar três fases no processo de transição para uma posição de liderança - Aprendizagem, Autonomização e Consolidação. Permitiu ainda identificar que ao longo do processo de transição as mulheres experienciam dificuldades a nível do assumir as novas funções, obter reconhecimento do papel de líder e mudanças nas relações. As representações das jovens mulheres vão ao encontro das vivências das mulheres, revelando-se conscientes do papel dos estereótipos de género na liderança feminina.
Diagnóstico tardio de HIV na terceira idade: uma análise de reportagens veiculadas na mídia
Authors: Fonseca Amanda Bahia , Souza Batista Maria Aline , Coni Santana Ramiro Rodrigues
Published: March 2020

Esse artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, que buscou analisar a visão das mídias em relação ao sexo na terceira idade. Foram utilizadas cinco reportagens sobre a forma que as mídias auxiliam como ferramenta informativa sobre HIV na terceira idade. Os motivos dos idosos serem vulneráveis às IST (infecções sexualmente transmissíveis) a partir de dados midiáticos são diagnóstico tardio da doença pelos profissionais de saúde, que ao terem acesso as demandas dos pacientes, a priori, atribuem qualquer outro diagnóstico ao idoso, não considerando a possibilidade de ser um quadro clínico de HIV positivo; preconceitos, estereótipos e discriminações sociais perante a atividade sexual na terceira idade, pela crença social de vida sexual inativa da pessoa idosa. Diante destas problemáticas, se faz necessário trabalhar nas políticas públicas questões sobre soropositividade das pessoas na terceira idade, intervenções através da criação de campanhas, cartilhas e outras sobre a importância do uso do preservativo, importância do olhar humanizado do profissional de saúde voltado para a população idosa, e olhar mais minucioso e sensível aos sinais e sintomas da doença para que o tratamento possa ser praticado na fase inicial da infecção.
Избы-читальни Восточного Забайкалья в 1920-е гг.
Authors: Мороз Антонина Иннокентьевна
Published: March 2020

Статья посвящена изучению становления и деятельности советских политико-просветительных учреждений, создаваемых для обслуживания взрослого крестьянства – изб-читален в Восточном Забайкалье. Автором привлечены ранее не введённые в научный оборот документы из фондов Государственного архива Забайкальского края и Государственного архива Хабаровского края, а также материалы периодической печати 1920-х гг. Уточнено, что создание сети изб-читален в Восточном Забайкалье началось позднее, чем в центральных регионах страны. В годы Гражданской войны местная сеть образовательных и просветительных учреждений была разрушена и её восстановление стало возможным только в условиях Дальневосточной республики. В 1920–1922 гг. в регионе создавались и действовали учреждения разных типов – библиотеки, народные дома, клубы, культурно-просветительные кружки. Однако изученные исторические источники не содержат сведений о избах-читальнях. Основной причиной была децентрализация управления народным образованием и просвещением в республике, а также высокая степень участия населения региона в создании просветительных учреждений. Это обусловило самостоятельность и автономность забайкальских просветительных учреждений для взрослых – они вели свою деятельность без каких-либо планов, программ, инструкций, не были ограничены в определении содержания своей работы. После установления советской власти в Восточном Забайкалье создаются сети изб-читален, которые задумывались как центры политико-просветительной работы региона. Однако их практическая деятельность столкнулась с рядом проблем: недостаток материальных ресурсов и инвентаря, низкая квалификация работников. Кроме того, сложность представляло настороженное, и даже враждебное, отношение местного населения к избам-читальням. Автором изучены мероприятия советской власти, местных ячеек коммунистической партии и комсомола, членов профессиональных союзов, направленные на укрепление забайкальских изб-читален и способы привлечения населения к их работе.
Интервенция викторианских феминисток в сферу коммерческого секса в середине XIX – начале ХХ веков
Authors: Жайворонок Даниил Владимирович
Published: March 2020

Статья предлагает обзор современных исследований политической и дискурсивной интервенции британских феминисток «первой волны» в сферу регулирования коммерческого секса. Показано, что у современных исследовательниц и исследователей есть основания считать, что борьба с государственной регуляцией коммерческого секса оказала значительное влияние на развитие феминистского проекта. В частности, проблематизация коммерческого секса помогала мобилизации новых сторонниц и сторонников, а также предоставила возможность для выражения и легитимации некоторых целей феминистского движения, напрямую несвязанных с «проституцией» (право голоса, переоценка роли женщин в публичной сфере, борьба с двойным «половым» стандартом). В то же время викторианские феминистские дискурсы о коммерческом сексе имели ряд негативных для движения эффектов. Коммерческий секс продолжал рассматриваться как греховный и ненормальный (в противопоставление браку), а занимающиеся им женщины оставались исключенными из процесса дискурсивного производства и принятия политических решений. Соответственно, вместо легализации в Британии (а затем и в других странах) были приняты законы, криминализирующие коммерческий секс, что только усилило контроль над сексуальностью женщин из рабочего класса. Таким образом, анализ современных исследований позволяет рассматривать феминистскую политику в отношении коммерческого секса как историко-политический ассамбляж, возникающий и развивающийся на пересечении разных сил, желаний и дискурсов, взаимодействие с которыми делает возможным создание новых форм высказываний и действий как по поводу коммерческого секса, так и по другим феминистским проб­лемам. Вместе с тем видны ограничения раннего феминистского проекта, в частности воспроизводство классовых иерархий и стигматизации женщин, занимающихся коммерческим сексом. В результате получается более сложная и многосторонняя картина «первой волны», в которой сопротивление властным отношениям и их воспроизводство переплетаются, создавая одновременно новые возможности для свободы и новые формы исключения.
Социальный туризм в России: потенциальные туристы и доступные возможности
Authors: Назарбаева Елена Алексеевна
Published: March 2020

Туризм стал предметом изучения исследователей как один из объектов потребления. Возможность поехать в отпуск воспринимается как одна из базовых потребностей, а доступ к туристическим услугам – одновременно как индикатор и как источник неравенства. Одним из способов снижения диспропорций в доступе к путешествиям является развитие социального туризма, трактуемого как поездки для незащищенных групп населения при поддержке государства или негосударственных организаций. Потребителями таких услуг, как правило, являются люди с ограниченными возможностями здоровья, пожилые, дети и малообеспеченные семьи с детьми. Степень их вовлеченности в процессы социального туризма варьируется от страны к стране. В статье описывается состояние сферы социального туризма в России и определяются группы населения, нуждающиеся в получении подобной социальной поддержки. Анализ документов и результатов «Выборочного наблюдения доходов населения и участия в социальных программах» дал возможность показать, кто может претендовать на помощь со стороны государства при организации поездок, какие домохозяйства чаще сталкиваются с невозможностью провести отпуск вне дома и какие еще лишения они испытывают. Нормативные акты зачастую не оперируют понятием «социальный туризм», однако предполагают помощь нуждающимся в форме предоставления путевок, организации экскурсий и оплаты стоимости проезда. Большинство мер затрагивают лиц с ограниченными возможностями здоровья, однако на помощь могут претендовать практически все социально неза­щищенные группы населения. Рискам исключённости из туристической сферы подвержены социально незащищенные люди. А среди тех, кто сталкивается с невозможностью поехать в отпуск, преобладают семьи, в составе которых есть пожилые. Проблемы с организацией отпуска сопровождаются и другими лишениями, чаще всего это невозможность заменить пришедшую в негодность мебель, купить две пары подходящей по сезону удобной обуви и приглашать гостей. В то же время недоступность туристических поездок не является особенностью бедного населения: даже среди более обеспеченных семей процент испытывающих трудности достаточно велик, что свидетельствует об актуальности изу­чения и развития сферы социального туризма.
Okçularda Tutuş ve Çekme Kollarının Omuz Eklemi Kas Kuvveti, Esneklik ve Propriosepsiyon Duyusunun Karşılaştırılması
Authors: KABAK Banu , KOCAHAN Tuğba , AKINOĞLU Bihter , HASANOĞLU Adnan
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı okçularda çekiş kolu ile tutuş kolunun omuz eklemi izometrik kas kuvveti, esneklik ve propriyosepsiyon duyusunun incelenmesidir. Çalışmamıza milli takım düzeyinde 21 okçu (9 kadın, 12 erkek) katıldı. Sporcuların omuz abdüktör ve addüktör kaslarının izometrik kas kuvveti 90º abdüksiyon açısında IsoMed 2000 cihazı ile değerlendirildi. Esneklik ölçümleri C7-T5 referans noktaları kullanılarak yapıldı. Propriyosepsiyon duyusu dijital inklinometre ile aktif repozisyon testi ile değerlendirildi ve ölçümler 60º-90º-120º hedef omuz abdüksiyon açısında yapıldı. Verilerin analizi gruplar arası ve grup içi olmasına göre Mann Whitney-U testi ve Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test kullanılarak yapıldı. Çalışmamız sonucunda tutuş kolu omuz abdüktör kaslarının kuvvetinin çekiş koluna göre, çekiş kolu omuz addüktör kaslarının kuvvetinin tutuş koluna göre daha fazla olduğu, çekiş kolu omuz eksternal rotatör kaslarının esnekliğinin daha fazla olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Çekiş kolu ve tutuş kolunun omuz propriosepsiyon duyusu ve internal rotatör kaslarının esnekliğinin birbirine benzer olduğu belirlendi (p>0,05). Kadın ve erkek sporcuların çekiş kolu ve tutuş kolu izometrik kas kuvvetinin erkekler lehine farklı olduğu (p<0,05), eksternal rotatör kaslarının esnekliğinin kadınlar lehine farklı olduğu (p<0,05), internal rotatör kaslarının esnekliği ve propriosepsiyon duyusunun ise cinsiyetler arasında birbirine benzer olduğu belirlendi (p>0,05). Okçularda tutuş kolu omuz abdüktör ve çekiş kolu omuz addüktör kaslarının izometrik kas kuvveti ile çekiş kolu omuz eksternal rotatör kaslarının esnekliğinin diğer tarafa göre daha fazla olduğu belirlendi. Erkek sporcuların omuz abdüktör ve addüktör kaslarının izometrik kas kuvvetinin kadın sporculara göre, kadın sporcuların omuz eksternal rotatör kaslarının esnekliğinin erkek sporculara göre daha fazla olduğu belirlendi.
Inhibin B in stromal-cell ovarian tumors
Authors: Lyubimova N. V. , Beishembaev A. M. , Timofeev Yu. S. , Kushlinskii N. E.
Published: March 2020

Background. Tumors of stroma of the sex cord include a family of tumors that are diverse in structure and biological characteristics, including hormone-active ovarian tumors, such as granulosa cell tumor (GCT) of the ovary and a tumor from Sertoli–Leydig cells. For these types of tumors, of particular importance is the analysis of biochemical markers, among which the most promising is inhibin B.

The objective of the study. Comparative analysis of inhibin B levels in the blood serum of patients with stromal cell tumors and other types malignancies.

Materials and methods. 64 patients with primary ovarian tumors were examined: 31 – GCT of the ovary, 16 – tumors from Sertoli–Leydig cells, 17 – adenocarcinomas. Comparison group – 20 patients with malignant tumors of other localizations, control – 74 healthy women and 37 patients with benign ovarian tumors. Inhibin B was determined in blood serum using the standardized Inhibin B Gen II ELISA (Beckman Coulter, USA) immunoassay.

Results. The analysis of inhibin B levels in last days of the luteal phase, show an increase of marker level in patients with GCT and tumors from Sertoli–Leydig cells, while in ovarian adenocarcinomas and malignant tumors of other locations inhibin B secretion doesn’t differ from the control. The sensitivity of inhibin B in diagnostics of GCT was 93.5 %, in tumor from Sertoli–Leydig cells – 81.3 % with specificity – 100 %.

Conclusion. Inhibin B is an effective biomarker of GCT and ovarian tumors from Sertoli–Leydig cells, which results must be interpreted according the functional state of the ovaries.
Analysis of systemic immunity and inflammation in the prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Khakimova G. G. , Zabotina T. N. , Tryakin A. A. , Borunova A. A. , Davidova T. V. , Kalinin A. E. , Vakhabova Yu. V. , Zakharova E. N. , Tabakov D. V.
Published: March 2020

Objective: to study the state of cellular immunity in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.

Materials and methods. From 2017 to 2018, 45 previously untreated patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (25 with stage I–III, 20 with stage IV) received surgical / combined treatment or independent chemotherapy, respectively, at the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research

Center of Oncology. Peripheral blood sampling was carried out before starting treatment. We studied the cellular composition of peripheral blood, as well as systemic immunity parameters determined by flow cytometry (CD3+CD4+; CD3+CD8+; CD4+CD8+; CD4+/CD8+; CD3–CD16+CD56+; CD3–CD19+), and their prognostic significance in relation to overall survival and progression-free survival.

Results. The prognostic value of the relative indicator of platelet lymphocytic index was determined: progression-free survival in patients with a high level of platelet-lymphocytic index (>208.7) was higher: 8.1 months versus 4.5 months (p = 0.0027). A favorable prognosis for overall survival was an increase in the number of CD3–CD19+ lymphocytes (hazard ratio (HR) 0.91; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.85–0.97; p = 0.007), and an unfavorable prognosis was an increase in the number of neutrophils (HR 1.26; 95 % CI 1.05–1.50; p = 0.012), platelet count (HR 1.01; 95 % CI 1.0–1.01; p = 0.043), as well as an increase in the number of NK cells (HR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.0–1.09; p = 0.029).

Conclusion. Indicators of the cellular composition of peripheral blood, characterizing a systemic inflammatory reaction, as well as indicators of systemic immunity, can serve as additional prognostic factors for gastric cancer.
The therapeutic potential of curcumin for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Kushnir T. I. , Arnotskaya N. E. , Kudryavtsev I. A. , Shevchenko V. E.
Published: March 2020

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and deadly type of primary malignant brain tumor, with a patien’s median survival rate ranging from 12 to 15 months. Over the last fifteen years, the treatment for GBM has included maximal safe surgical resection with combination radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. The low efficacy of mentioned therapies has forced researchers to explore an appropriate alternative or complementary treatment for GBM. It has been shown that curcumin has therapeutic potentials to fight against GBM via affecting on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion and angiogenesis pathways. In addition, curcumin possess a synergistic impact with chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we summarized the current findings on curcumin as potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM.
Psychological conditions for the prevention of recidivism
Authors: Sechko A.V.
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the results of a study of recidivism conducted in England, Denmark, Canada, Nigeria, Portugal, New Zealand, the USA, and Scotland. Objective and subjective determinants have been identified that make it possible to predict with a high degree of probability the subsequent criminal prosecution violation, its time parameters. The psychological portrait of the recidivist is described, stress factors of delinquent behavior are revealed. The driving forces of decriminalization of former criminals are revealed. This is an intensive probationary period under the auspices of mentors who are able to build trusting relationships with parole through consistent, non-judgmental actions with the simultaneous possibility of playing the role of guardians of young people in difficult social and criminal settings in solving their economic problems.
Removal of the Governor by the President of the Russian Federation due to the Loss of Trust for Corruption and Improper Performance of Duties : Problems of Theory and Implementation
Authors: Kondrashev A. A.
Published: March 2020

The paper has examined the federal legislation, as well as law enforcement related to such a measure of constitutional and legal responsibility of the head of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation as removal from the position of the governor by the President of the Russian Federation due to loss of trust. The paper analyzes the evolution of legal consolidation and application of this constitutional and legal sanction for the period from 2005, the bases and mechanism of its implementation, as well as a number of problems related to the practice of its application in Russia. The author has identified gaps and conflicts (contradiction of the grounds of this constitutional sanction to the main and basic legal principles of direct democracy and presumption of innocence), has analyzed “uncertainty” (revealed the legal fictiousness of the grounds for the loss of trust) and “amorphousness” of its application (inconsistency of the procedure of prosecution with the principles of federalism, norms of criminal procedure legislation and internal conflict of norms of law, i.e. “corruptional” grounds of the loss of trust). The author suggests a different model of application of such a sanction as removal from the position of the head of the constituent entity. Thus, he suggests that deprivation of the President of the right to remove the governor of the constituent entity due to the loss of trust for corruption contradicts the foundations of the federal system and the legal nature of the institute of higher official of a constituent entity. It is proposed to assign the right to apply this sanction to the highest representative (legislative) body of the constituent entity of the Federation, permitting the President of Russia to remove the senior officer for promulgation of legal acts that do not comply with the Constitution and federal laws (confirmed by a court decision) and failure to comply with the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
Functional Aspect of a Protocol on Administrative Offense as a Jurisdictional Act
Authors: Tymoshenko I. V.
Published: March 2020

In June 2019, the official website of the Government of the Russian Federation published the Concept of the New Code of Administrative Offences, the enactment of which is planned for 1 January 2021. This Concept indicates that the factors that reduce the effectiveness of the existing Administrative Code of the Russian Federation include, among other things, problems in law enforcement at the stages of initiation and consideration of cases of administrative offenses, contains general guidelines for reforming the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and highlights certain challenging issues that need to be resolved in its forthcoming modernization. At the same time, it does not seem to address all the issues that need to be addressed. Thus, the analysis of administrative-jurisdictional practice of the first instance shows that the protocol on administrative offense is considered by subjects of administrative jurisdiction ( extrajudicial, quasi-judicial, and judicial) as one of the types of evidence in the case of an administrative offence. Moreover, it is not uncommon that such a record is the only evidence on the basis of which an administrative penalty is imposed. And the analysis of administrative and jurisdictional practice of the second and subsequent instances (up to the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation) allows us to conclude that this approach is justified and quite legitimate. But is it really true? And to what extent is it lawful and legitimate to consider the protocol on an administrative offense as evidence in the case of an administrative offense? This paper is devoted to searching for answers to these questions through the prism of understanding of the functional purpose and juridical (lawful) nature of this type of administrativejurisdictional acts.
Forms of Interaction between an Investigator and Bodies of Inquiry at the Initial Stage of Pre-Trial Proceedings
Authors: Torbin Yu. G. , Usachev A. A. , Plesneva L. P.
Published: March 2020

Despite the prolonged use of certain forms of interaction between the investigator and investigative agencies at the initial stage of pre-trial proceedings, the criminal procedure legislation still lacks some aspects of their implementation. This makes it necessary to study the current situation and substantiate the theoretical and practical provisions concerning interaction between an investigator and investigative agencies in the context of verification of the report of the crime in the light of the planned digitalization of domestic criminal proceedings. The author suggests that the forms of interaction, the application of which is expedient at the initial stage of pre-trial proceedings, include two procedural forms (giving written instructions to an investigative agency about carrying out operational search activities, obtaining explanations, obtaining assistance in carrying out investigative and other procedural actions) and two organizational forms (joint planning and formation of an investigative and task force). In order to increase the efficiency of criminal procedure at the initial stage of pre-trial proceedings, to ensure clarity of the language of criminal procedure law and its compliance with law enforcement, the auther proposes to amend Part 1 of Article 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure by supplementing it with the right of authorized officials and bodies to give to investigative agencies mandatory written instructions for obtaining explanations, and to receive assistance from the investigative agency in carrying out verification actions. At the same time, the paper demonstrates the author’s approch to excluding obtaining explanations from the general list of procedural actions specified in Part 1 of Article 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation and conducted by authorized subjects of verification of the report of the crime. Also, the paper analyzes the importance of introduction of electronic document circulation into criminal proceedings from the point of view of efficiency of interaction between the investigator and investigative authorities at the initial stage of pre-trial investigation.
Anomaly Detection of Pedestrian Flow: A Machine Learning Method for Monitoring-Data of Visitors to a Building
Authors: Kumagai Kentaro
Published: March 2020

Many public facilities such as community halls and gymnasiums are supposed to be evacuation sites when disasters occur. From the viewpoint of managing such facilities, it is necessary to monitor the usage and to respond immediately when an anomaly occurs. In this study, an integrated system of IoT sensors and machine learning for anomaly detection of pedestrian flow was proposed for buildings that are expected to be used as emergency evacuation sites in the event of a disaster. For trial practice of the system, infrared sensors were installed in a research building of a university, and data of visitors to the fourth floor of the building was collected as a time series data of pedestrian flow. As a result, it was shown that anomalies of pedestrian flow at an arbitrary time of a day with an occurrence probability of 5 % or less can be detected properly using the data collected.