bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data Flow Construction and Quality Evaluation of Electronic Source Data in Clinical Trials: Pilot Study Based on Hospital Electronic Medical Records in China
Authors: Yuan Yannan , Mei Yun , Zhao Shuhua , Dai Shenglong , Liu Xiaohong , Sun Xiaojing , Fu Zhiying , Zhou Liheng , Ai Jie , Ma Liheng , Jiang Min
Published: April 2024

Background

The traditional clinical trial data collection process requires a clinical research coordinator who is authorized by the investigators to read from the hospital’s electronic medical record. Using electronic source data opens a new path to extract patients’ data from electronic health records (EHRs) and transfer them directly to an electronic data capture (EDC) system; this method is often referred to as eSource. eSource technology in a clinical trial data flow can improve data quality without compromising timeliness. At the same time, improved data collection efficiency reduces clinical trial costs.

Objective

This study aims to explore how to extract clinical trial–related data from hospital EHR systems, transform the data into a format required by the EDC system, and transfer it into sponsors’ environments, and to evaluate the transferred data sets to validate the availability, completeness, and accuracy of building an eSource dataflow.

Methods

A prospective clinical trial study registered on the Drug Clinical Trial Registration and Information Disclosure Platform was selected, and the following data modules were extracted from the structured data of 4 case report forms: demographics, vital signs, local laboratory data, and concomitant medications. The extracted data was mapped and transformed, deidentified, and transferred to the sponsor’s environment. Data validation was performed based on availability, completeness, and accuracy.

Results

In a secure and controlled data environment, clinical trial data was successfully transferred from a hospital EHR to the sponsor’s environment with 100% transcriptional accuracy, but the availability and completeness of the data could be improved.

Conclusions

Data availability was low due to some required fields in the EDC system not being available directly in the EHR. Some data is also still in an unstructured or paper-based format. The top-level design of the eSource technology and the construction of hospital electronic data standards should help lay a foundation for a full electronic data flow from EHRs to EDC systems in the future.
Time-Varying Network Models for the Temporal Dynamics of Depressive Symptomatology in Patients With Depressive Disorders: Secondary Analysis of Longitudinal Observational Data (Preprint)
Authors: Siepe Björn Sebastian , Sander Christian , Schultze Martin , Kliem Andreas , Ludwig Sascha , Hegerl Ulrich , Reich Hanna
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

As depression is highly heterogenous, an increasing number of studies investigate person-specific associations of depressive symptoms in longitudinal data. However, most studies in this area of research conceptualize symptom interrelations to be static and time invariant, which may lead to important temporal features of the disorder being missed.

OBJECTIVE

To reveal the dynamic nature of depression, we aimed to use a recently developed technique to investigate whether and how associations among depressive symptoms change over time.

METHODS

Using daily data (mean length 274, SD 82 d) of 20 participants with depression, we modeled idiographic associations among depressive symptoms, rumination, sleep, and quantity and quality of social contacts as dynamic networks using time-varying vector autoregressive models.

RESULTS

The resulting models showed marked interindividual and intraindividual differences. For some participants, associations among variables changed in the span of some weeks, whereas they stayed stable over months for others. Our results further indicated nonstationarity in all participants.

CONCLUSIONS

Idiographic symptom networks can provide insights into the temporal course of mental disorders and open new avenues of research for the study of the development and stability of psychopathological processes.
Virtual Reality-based Relaxation Program on Mental Health and Sleep Patterns for Undergraduate Students: A Randomized Controlled Repeated-Measures Design (Preprint)
Authors: Ahn Junggeun , Kim Jiu , Park Youngeun , Kim Riah , Choi Heeseung
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Undergraduate students have vulnerable mental health due to problems related to academics, finances, and interpersonal relationships, and the prevalence of sleep disorders among Korean undergraduate students is higher than other countries. Virtual reality (VR) provides an immersive experience that can reduce negative emotions and induce relaxation and positive emotions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an immersive VR relaxation program (VRelax) that simulates a natural environment on the mental health and sleep patterns of Korean undergraduate students.

METHODS

Participants were recruited from five universities in Korea. They were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) VR relaxation program (VRelax) for intervention, (2) progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) for attention control (AC), and (3) wait-list control (WLC). VRelax and PMR were conducted six times over two weeks. Self-report surveys on depression, anxiety, perceived stress, and sleep patterns were obtained at baseline and twice after the intervention (immediately and four weeks after). Additionally, objective sleep patterns using actigraphy were assessed before and after the intervention. We used analysis of variance and generalized estimating equation model to analyze the data.

RESULTS

In total, 41 undergraduate students (13 in VRelax, 13 in AC, and 15 in WLC) participated in the program, and all completed the 4-week follow-up test. The VRelax group demonstrated significant improvement on perceived stress levels (p=.001) and subjective sleep patterns (p=.046); these effects were maintained for 4 weeks. However, sleep efficiency measured through actigraphy was significantly improved in the AC group compared to the other groups (p=.033).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study suggests that an immersive VR-based relaxation program plays an important role in improving perceived stress and subjective sleep patterns. Based on this, we expect that the immersive VR relaxation programs will be actively used as a self-management intervention to improve mental health and sleep patterns among undergraduate students.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) in Republic of Korea (KCT0009185), which is a member of the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP)
EVALUATION OF pH AND VISCOSITY OF JUICE OF Zingiber officinale var. officinale MOUTHWASH FORMULATION
Authors: Stefani Rosita , Vanessa Gisela Ellenia , Fibryanto Eko
Published: April 2024

Zingiber officinale var. officinale juice has many benefits. It can be used as a mixture of mouthwash. To analyse the difference of Zingiber officinale var. officinale mouthwashes 3,125%, 6,25%, and 12,5% on pH and viscosity values on day 0,14,28,42, and 56. Zingiber officinale var. officinale 3,125%, 6,25%, and 12,5% is mixed with propylene glycol, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, oleum menthae, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, calcium lactate, sorbitol 70% and calcium thiocyanate. The formulation has measured with pHmeter (Jenway, United Kingdom) and viscometer (Brookfield, Massachusetts) for 56 days. The pH data is analyzed using GLM Repeated Measures ANOVA and One-Way ANOVA (p<0,05). Viscosity data is analyzed using GLM Repeated Measured ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis (p<0,05). The pH value of 3,125% formulation shows significant difference for 56 days in range 5,50-5,61. The viscosity value shows no significant difference for 56 days in range 3,03-3,09 cP. The pH and viscosity values of 6,25% formulation shows no significantly different for 56 days with 5,78-5,83 pH value, while the viscosity is 3,12-3,13 cP. The pH and viscosity values of the 12,5% formulation shows no significantly different for 56 days with 4,90-4,97 pH value, while the viscosity is 3,43-3,50 cP. Zingiber officinale var. Officinale mouthwash formulations 3,125% has been unstable, but it has the lowest viscosity value and has been stabled for 56 days. The pH and viscosity values of 6,25% and 12,5% formulations have been stabled for 56 days. The highest pH value is in the formulation of 6,25%.
Effect of force direction and masticatory force towards orthodontic tooth movement in rats
Authors: Farmasyanti Cendrawasih Andusyana , Maulani Adibah
Published: April 2024

The aim of the research is to investigate the influence of coil spring directions and masticatory force on the amount of OTM. Materials and Methods. Thirty-six male Wistar rats (n = 36) were divided proportionally into two groups with (M) or without masticatory force (NM), treated with palatal coil type (PD) or labial coil (LD) using a costumed stainless steel coil spring to deliver 35 cN force for separating the two incisors in 10 days. The examination dates were day 0, day 5, and day 10. The tooth distance values were calculated by subtracting the distance measured at day 0 from examination days and presented in 8 groups: PD5NM, PD10NM, PD5M, PD10M, LD5NM, LD10NM, LD5M, and LD10M. The study’s results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by post hoc analyses. Result: All spring designs induced OTM. The OTM amounts from the lowest to the highest are PD5M, PD10NM, PD10M, LD5M, LD10M, LD5NM, PD5NM, and LD10NM, respectively: 0.26 mm; 0.06 mm; 0.25 mm; 0.44 mm; 0.58 mm; 0.9 mm; 0.97 mm; 1.03 mm, and 1.06 mm. The OTM distance was higher in the labial coil than in the palatal coil groups (p = 0.002). The amount of OTM in the masticatory group was lower than in the group without-masticatory force (p = 0.012), except in the day 10 palatal coil group. Conclusions: Masticatory force and force direction affected the amount of OTM. The labial coil induces more OTM than the palatal coil. Masticatory force decreased the OTM distance.
Assessing Quality Variations in Early Career Researchers’ Data Management Plans
Authors: Rantasaari Jukka
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to better understand early career researchers’ (ECRs’) research data management (RDM) competencies by assessing the contents and quality of  data management plans (DMPs) developed during a multi-stakeholder RDM course. We also aim to identify differences between DMPs in relation to several background variables (e.g., discipline, course track). The Basics of Research Data Management (BRDM) course has been held in two multi-faculty, research-intensive universities in Finland since 2020. In this study, 223 ECRs’ DMPs created in the BRDM of 2020 - 2022 were assessed, using the recommendations and criteria of the Finnish DMP Evaluation Guide + General Finnish DMP Guidance (FDEG). The median quality of DMPs appeared to be satisfactory. The differences in rating according to FDEG’s three-point performance criteria were statistically insignificant between DMPs developed in separate years, course tracks or disciplines. However, using content analysis, differences were found between disciplines or course tracks regarding DMP’s key characteristics such as sharing, storing, and preserving data. DMPs that contained a data table (DtDMPs) also differed highly significantly from prose DMPs. DtDMPs better acknowledged the data handling needs of different data types and improved the overall quality of a DMP. The results illustrated that the ECRs had learned the basic RDM competencies and grasped their significance to the integrity, reliability, and reusability of data. However, more focused, further training to reach the advanced competency is needed, especially in areas of handling and sharing personal data, legal issues, long-term preserving, and funders’ data policies. Equally important to the cultural change when RDM is an organic part of the research practices is to merge research support services, processes, and infrastructure into the research projects’ processes. Additionally, incentives are needed for sharing and reusing data.
Genetic variation in the CYP1A gene caused by laboratory exposure of benzo (a) pyrene to common carp
Authors: Hatem Alaa Hassan , H. Faraj Salah
Published: April 2024

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pervasive environmental contaminants, with benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) standing out as a prototypical example. B(a)P is a known mutagen and carcinogen that, upon metabolic activation stimulated by cytochromes P450 (CYP1A) with microsomal epoxide hydrolase, reacts with DNA. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were subjected to three different doses of B(a)P (1μg/kg and 10μg/kg) to investigate the mutagenic effects on B(a)P-derived DNA in vivo.Blood samples were collected, followed by thorough DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction analysis. The findings revealed a pronounced mutational impact of B(a)P on the amplified segment of the CYP1A gene. Specifically, at a concentration of 1μg/kg, B(a)P induced 8 mutations, 3 amino acid alterations, and the emergence of 5 new haplotype patterns. In contrast, at a concentration of 10μg/kg, B(a)P resulted in 21 mutations, 10 changes in amino acids, and the generation of 7 new haplotype patterns. Additionally, alterations in the three-dimensional protein composition were observed in both dosage groups.This study underscores the significant mutagenic potential of B(a)P, shedding light on its capacity to induce genetic changes and protein structure modifications, thereby emphasizing the importance of monitoring and addressing the environmental presence of PAHs for both ecological and human health considerations
Impact of pesticide use on farmers health condition: case control design
Authors: Qasim Hasan Ahmed , Abdulla Falah Mansour
Published: April 2024

With global populations growing, it is becoming increasingly impossible to ignore food and energy demands. Livestock and agricultural activities produce a large quantity of food. Though the use of agrochemicals has increased agricultural output, they have also been linked to a number of harmful clear adverse effects on human. chemical Pesticides poisonous compounds that negative effect on consumers. the study conducted a case-control was carried out to investigate variations among intact groups on an independent variable of interest. A random sampling approach was employed for 201 farmers. 098Farmers in the research group were exposed to pesticides, whereas farmers in the control group did not apply pesticides. The data were gathered using a survey (PHQ-15)-based on interviews conducted by the investigator. The current study was carried out in five districts (Al-Mashkhab, Al-Abbasiya, Al-hrea, Al-hera, and Al-qadisya). According to the study findings, total farmers' reactions to general physical condition among study group participants are substantially influenced, however, participant of control group show not effected. The negative health effect for farmers spray and exposed to pesticides shows nausea or vomiting, blurred vision, headache, bronchial sensitivity, skin irritation, and shortness of breath eye irritation. the current survey show the Insecticides are the most often used chemicals. The research indicated that pesticide use and exposure have an influence on human health and have a wide range of adverse health effects. According to the findings of the current study, it is critical to use personal protection equipment (PPE) while spraying. Also, undertake a comprehensive exam on farmers on a regular basis.
Study of the Protein Patterns under the Effect of Spraying with Moringa Plant Extract and Potassium Silicate for Banana Obtained from Tissue Culture Musa spp
Authors: M. Al-Muhe Riyadh , Abdul-Wahid Mahmmod S.
Published: April 2024

The field experiment was conducted in one of the greenhouses affiliated with the College of Agriculture and Marshes - University of Thi-Qar during the growing season 2022-2023 on banana seedlings, the Grand Nine variety, to know the effect of Moringa extract and potassium silicate on the protein patterns of seedlings. The study included two factors. The first factor was spraying with an extract. Moringa leaves in four concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15) g L-1, the second factor: spraying with potassium silicate in four concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3) ml L-1, the first spraying appointment was at an interval of ten days between one spray and another, by 6 sprays, the experiment was applied according to the complete random design (C.R.D) with three replications. The results for the protein patterns were as follows. All treatments participated in the presence of two protein bundles that shared the same molecular weight as the first protein bundle, which amounted to 143.724 kDa. It also shared the same molecular weight as the second protein bundle, which recorded a molecular weight of 93.595 kDa. It gave four protein bundles in the comparison treatment and five protein bundles. Only for all treatments of Moringa extract and all potassium silicate treatments with molecular weights ranging between 7.619-15.465 kDa, and when the interaction between Moringa extract at a concentration of 5g L-1 with all concentrations of potassium silicate caused an increase in the number of protein bundles to six bundles whose molecular weights ranged between 7.857-8.862 kDa, as for the interaction between Moringa extract at two concentrations of 10 and 15 g L-1 with all potassium silicate concentrations (except for concentration 3 ml L-1), it caused an increase in the number of protein bundles to seven, with molecular weights ranging between 7.698-8.254 kDa. While the interaction between Moringa extract 15 g L-1 and potassium silicate at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 caused an increase in the number of protein bundles to eight bundles with different molecular weights, the molecular weight of the eighth bundle was 7.619 kDa.
Improving seed palm germination using biomaterials Fenugreek seed extract (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Authors: Hamza Shatha M. , Almansour Nasir A.
Published: April 2024

The Barhee cultivar of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) holds significance due to its nutritional value. This study explores the impact of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) seed extract on the growth of Barhee seedlings. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of Fenugreek seed extract at various concentrations (0.0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) revealed pronounced effects on the vegetative growth and phytochemical composition of Barhee seedlings. Our findings demonstrate a positive correlation between the Fenugreek seed extract treatments and the growth parameters of Barhee seedlings, particularly noteworthy when concentrations were below 2%. Notably, chlorophyll content increased by 58%, while soluble carbohydrates and proteins saw improvements of 55% and 48%, respectively. The antioxidant activity, measured through catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), also exhibited enhancements. Phenolic compounds registered a substantial increase of 47%. Moreover, Fenugreek seed extract contributed to membrane integrity by reducing levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), indicating a positive impact on oxidative stress. These results collectively underscore the beneficial effects of Fenugreek seed extract on the growth and physiological aspects of Barhee date palm seedlings. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of Fenugreek as a growth-enhancing agent for date palm cultivation, specifically the Barhee variety. The positive outcomes observed in various parameters suggest that incorporating Fenugreek seed extract at appropriate concentrations could be a valuable strategy for optimizing the productivity and quality of date palm crops.
Effect of bioremediation or organic treatments of soil contaminated with some heavy metals on the biological and L- glutaminase activity
Authors: Al-Jaberi Meiad M.
Published: April 2024

For the purpose of identify the ability of bioremediation or organic treatments of soil to reduce the harmful effect of heavy metals including Zn, pb and cd on the biological activity such as soil respiration, the total number of fungi and the activity of the L-glutaminase enzyme have been studied. A laboratory incubation experiment was applied in the Soil Microbiology Laboratory in the Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources in the College of Agriculture– Basrah University. The soil of the surface layer (0-30 cm) from Qurna district, north of Basrah province was contaminated with the critical levels of the heavy metals cd, Pb, Zn and were placed in an incubator at 30°C for 14 days. The biological and organic treatments process was applied by inoculating soil contaminated with Aspergillus niger or humic acid (40 L ha-1) or sterilized cow manure (4%), incubated at 25°C for 30 days, then some biological parameters were estimated at the periods of 10, 20 and 30 days. Results have been showed that an inhibitory effect of the studied heavy metals on the biological parameters, and the Cd has been recorded the highest percentage of inhibition of total number of fungi (30.67%), the amount of CO2 released (13.93%) and the activity of the L-glutaminase enzyme (45.33%) compared to the control treatment. The ability of the treatments materials to remove heavy metals were (89.02%) for A. niger compared to humic acid (63.48%) and cow manure (48.71%). It was reflected in an increase in the number of fungi, which recorded 152, 167.75, 174.5 cfu g-1 when treated with A. niger, cow manure and humic acid, respectively compared to the control treatment which was (65.92 cfu g-1). The biological and organic treatments also increased the level of liberated CO2 from the polluted soil to 268.62, 253.86, 303.59 mg CO2 g-1, respectively compared to the control treatment. The activity of the L-glutaminase enzyme has increased due to application of treatments. It was 57.02, 48.97, 70.41 µg NH4+ g-1 2hr.-1 for inoculated with A. niger or treated with cow manure and humic acid, respectively, while the control treatment was 37.19 µg NH4+ g-12hr.-1.
Reduction of some Heavy Elements of Agricultural Drainage Water using the Azolla Plant (Azolla)
Authors: Emad Salih Fatima Al-Zehraa , Mohammed Suadat Mustafa
Published: April 2024

The study was conducted at the Faculty of Science, University of Tikrit and included alaboratory experiments to estimate the proportion of some heavy elements (lead, potassium, cadmium, magnesium, iron) in the biomass ofAzolla pinnata plant to estimate its biocontrol ability to treat agricultural drainage water as samples were taken from the Azolla pinnata cultivated in two different types of agricultural drainage water and Tape water to estimate the percentage of elements before treatment in the water and after it at three periods (21,14,7) days. The results revealed Increasing the concentration of potassium, lead and magnesium elements in the extracted biomass of Azolla pinnata samples after treatmentof agricultural drainage water (1,2) while this increase was slight in tap water, as for cadmium, the results showed a decrease in its concentration in extracted biomass of A. pinnatasamples grown in agricultural drainage water (1,2) and tap water, and that the were non-significant differences (P <0.05) in the concentration ofiron element in extracted plant samples grown in agricultural drainage water1 as it remained at its concentration (2.69 ±0.00) during the three weeks, it also maintained its concentration in the samples of the extracted plant grown in tap water, reaching(2.86 ± 0.00), while the result shows there was a slight decrease in the concentration of Iron inthe extracted plant in treated agricultural drainage water 2, reaching (2.86) in the first week, decreasing to (2.69±0.00) in the second and third week.
New record of Chaetomium bostrychodes Zopf and Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae Pavlic. as wheat seed-borne mycoflora (Triticum aestivum L.) in Iraq
Authors: Abd Oun Ameer Ghani , Abass Mohammed Hamza
Published: April 2024

The present study aimed to identify fungal species, specifically Chaetomium bostrychodes and Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, isolated from seeds of five wheat cultivars: Mahmoudia (MHD), Babil (BBL), Bohooth (BTH), Adena (ADN), and Wefia (WAF). Phenotypic identification of both fungi was conducted based on morphological and microscopic characteristics. Molecular diagnosis, employing internal transcribed spacer primers (ITS1 and ITS4), was utilized to ascertain the species' identity. The morphometric and microscopic results for both fungi demonstrated a consistent agreement with previously published findings related to fungal features. Molecular sequences further confirmed the identity of these species, with a sequence similarity percentage of 90% for C. bostrychodes (KP216865.1 deposited at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) and 98% for N. novaehollandiae (MT397136.1). Notably, this study marks the first documentation of C. bostrychodes and N. novaehollandiae as wheat seed-borne fungi in Iraq. The molecular confirmation adds a robust layer to the identification process, providing a comprehensive understanding of the fungal species present in the examined wheat cultivars. This novel report contributes valuable insights into the fungal diversity associated with wheat seeds in the region.
Effect of Irrigation Water and Spraying with Proline Acid on Growth and Yield Components of Wheat Triticum Aestivum L
Authors: Sabah Hadi Tamara
Published: April 2024

In this greenhouse experiment conducted at one of Baghdad's nurseries during the 2018-2019 growing season, we investigated the impact of varying concentrations of well water (ranging from 0 to 4.3 dS/liter) and proline acid (at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 ppm) on key indicators of vegetative growth and yield components in the Tammuz variety of wheat plants. Employing a completely randomized design with three replicates, we observed a significant decrease in vegetative growth and yield components as irrigation water levels increased from 0 to 4.3 decimen/liter. Interestingly, foliar spraying with proline acid exhibited a noteworthy increase in both growth indicators and yield components. Furthermore, our results highlighted the mitigating effects of proline acid application on the negative impacts associated with high concentrations of irrigation water. This underscores the potential of proline acid as a beneficial intervention to counteract adverse effects on various growth parameters and yield components in wheat plants under high irrigation concentrations.
Effect of inoculating the Awassi rumen fluid with its counterpart from Iraqi buffaloes on in vitro digestibility coefficient of barley straw and some characteristics of the rumen fluid
Authors: Al-Nadawi Mahmoud. F. M. , Al-Samaraae Wafaa. H.
Published: April 2024

The study was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad for the period from 3-30-2022 to 4-10-2022 with the aim of determining the extent of improvement or change in the rumen fluid of Awassi lambs after inoculation with Iraqi buffalo rumen fluid. 5 ratios of Iraqi buffalo rumen fluid were used. Which was collected immediately after slaughter and (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) represented the treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) were added to the rumen fluid of Awassi lambs in in vitro digestion tubes to estimate the in vitro digestibility coefficient of the dry and organic matter of barley straw, pH, and total number of microorganisms in rumen fluid. The results showed a highly significant improvement (P<0.01) for the treatments (T3, T4, and T5) in the in vitro digestibility coefficient of organic matter and dry matter compared to the two treatments (T1 and T2). The results also indicated a highly significant (P<0.01) superiority in the pH value of the two treatments (T2 and T4) with buffalo rumen fluid compared to the other treatments depending on the timing during which the pH was measured. In the same context, the treatments (T3, T4, and T5) outperformed the total number of microorganisms, and the results showed highly significant differences (P<0.01) for the two treatments (T3 and T4) in the total number of microorganisms compared to the treatments (T1, T2, and T5).From the results achieved above, we conclude that the two treatments (T3 and T4) for inoculation with buffalo rumen fluid were significantly superior in improving the in vitro digestibility coefficient of dry and organic matter and improving the characteristics of the rumen fluid in light of the results achieved above. This study is one of the first studies to improve the rumen environment in Awassi lambs through inoculation with different proportions of rumen fluid taken from Iraqi buffaloes after slaughter.
Amino acid composition of proteins and technological indicators of grain quality of genotypes and varieties of spring soft wheat in northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Kradetskaya Oksana
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the paper was to carry out a biochemical and technological evaluation of spring soft wheat grain and to determine the total amino acid composition for the selection of the most valuable genotypes with a high content of essential amino acids. This paper presents the results of biochemical and technological studies of the grain and flour of spring soft wheat plants grown in northern Kazakhstan. The research involved 170 genotypes of spring soft wheat from northern Kazakhstan, 16 of which had the highest grain quality. In the grains of the studied samples, the protein content and the number of essential and nonessential amino acids were determined, and the biological value of the protein was evaluated using the amino acid score method. A strong positive correlation was established between phenylalanine and lysine (r = 0.98), and a weak negative relationship was established between protein content and methionine (r = -0.02) and between methionine and lysine (r = -0.17). Based on the obtained data, the most valuable varieties and lines (256/14 and 53/14) with high-quality information about grain, flour, and bread and the most balanced amino acid composition of proteins were selected because these varieties are important for enhancing the nutritional value and overall utility of these wheat varieties in food production and human consumption. The utilization of such genotypes in breeding programs and agricultural practices holds the promise of yielding crops with improved protein quality and nutritional content, ultimately contributing to enhanced food security and dietary health in the region
Comparison of toxicity of some synthetic insecticides against thrips (Thrips tabaci) on cotton crop under different irrigation regimes
Authors: Ali Qurban , Amin Humair , Akhtar Bushra
Published: April 2024

Cotton is the main cash crop and back bone of agriculture. However, its yield is decreasing due to insect pests attack. Among them, sucking insect pests are serious problem in cotton and various agricultural crops. Hence, present research work was executed to assess the toxicity of some synthetic insecticides against Thrips tabaci in cotton crop. The research trial was executed with varied planting geometry under different irrigation regimes. Sowing of the cotton crop was done with plant to plant distance of 30 and 60 cm while row to row distance was 4 ft. apart. The plants were irrigated under single lateral and double lateral arrangements of drip irrigation while control plot was irrigated through conventional surface irrigation method. Results of relative incidence of thrips population on different irrigation plots showed that highest thrips population (19.43/plant) was noted in case of flood irrigated plot having plant to plant distance of 30 cm followed by in double lateral drip irrigation plot (15/plant) and single lateral plot (13.10 thrips/plant). Comparatively lower mean thrips population values; 16.30, 12.40 and 10.56 thrips/plant, respectively were recorded in experimental plot under 60 cm plant to plant distance. Toxicity bioassays revealed that highest reduction (75.27%) was recorded in spinetoram while lowest thrips population reduction (28.18%) was recorded in case of spinosad. It can be concluded that spinetoram can be effective tool for efficient control of thrips leading to augmentation in cotton crop yield.
Glycemic Index and glycemic load for different types of cooked rice for healthy volunteers
Authors: Al-Atbi Dhuha M. , Alhelfi Nawfal , Mansour Abbas A.
Published: April 2024

The effect of eating different types of rice was studied, including basmati rice, local amber rice, brown rice and diet rice, in addition to bulgur and mung bean on the glycemic response and glycemic Index values. The effect of eating rice cooked by pressing and Boiled methods on the blood sugar response of healthy volunteers was studied, where the results of the study included ten volunteers. The highest increase in blood sugar level response occurred after consuming amber rice cooked by pressing method, which reached 160.3 (mg / 100 ml). After thirty minutes of eating it, while bulgur rice cooked by Boiled method has raised the level of blood sugar response less than rice of all kinds and at a rate of 121.7 (mg / 100 ml) after eating it by thirty, the study determined the glycemic index and blood sugar load for each sample of raw, mixed and cooked rice (pressing and boiled) in addition to bulgur. The results showed a variation in the values of the glycemic index at the level of (p≥0.05) for different types of rice. The results showed that the highest glycemic index was for amber rice cooked by pressing method with a percentage of (88.8) and the lowest glycemic index was for bulgur cooked by Boiled method by (37). While the glycemic index of white basmati rice in the ways of pressing and Boiled was 66.6 and 53 respectively, and the additions that were added to basmati rice, which included mash, cinnamon and turmeric, had a clear role in reducing the blood sugar index, as the values of the glycemic Index for basmati rice pressed and mixed with mash, cinnamon and turmeric are 60, 56 and 57 respectively, while the values of the glycemic Index for basmati rice mixed with mash, cinnamon and turmeric are 49.2. 48 and 46, respectively.
Effects of Brassinosteroid Hormone on Chemical Composition of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under Salt Stress
Authors: A. Saihood Zainab , Gerry Awatef N.
Published: April 2024

Following the scientific management of organic manure (poultry) may contribute to reducing environmental pollution and human health, as the current study was conducted with the aim of recycling poultry manure accumulated in the field of poultry farming at the research station - Faculty of Agriculture - Karma site and the impact of varying fermentation durations on organic manure, specifically animal (poultry manure) fermented by different fermentation methods and its impact on the rest of the factors to produce highly decomposed organic manure free of pathogens. Several traditional fermentation methods (compost and water immersion) were followed. and modern (bioreactor), and for a fermentation period of 90 days with an estimate of most of the qualitative characteristics of the organic manure produced and within periods of 15 - 30 - 45 - 60 - 75 - 90 days. The results of the experiment of incubation of poultry manure showed that all the studied traits have changed with the progress of fermentation time and in the same direction, the results demonstrated that fermentation in the bioreactor unit has given the highest values of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium 32.53, 16.72, 20.86, g.kg-1 for the elements mentioned sequentially, while the lowest values of pH 6.68 and C/N ratio 9.96 compared to other fermentation methods.
Effect of fermentation periods of poultry manure on its characteristics when fermented with different ways
Authors: Alburih Nabaa O. , Hasan Zainab K.
Published: April 2024

Following the scientific management of organic manure (poultry) may contribute to reducing environmental pollution and human health, as the current study was conducted with the aim of recycling poultry manure accumulated in the field of poultry farming at the research station - Faculty of Agriculture - Karma site and the impact of varying fermentation durations on organic manure, specifically animal (poultry manure) fermented by different fermentation methods and its impact on the rest of the factors to produce highly decomposed organic manure free of pathogens. Several traditional fermentation methods (compost and water immersion) were followed. and modern (bioreactor), and for a fermentation period of 90 days with an estimate of most of the qualitative characteristics of the organic manure produced and within periods of 15 - 30 - 45 - 60 - 75 - 90 days. The results of the experiment of incubation of poultry manure showed that all the studied traits have changed with the progress of fermentation time and in the same direction, the results demonstrated that fermentation in the bioreactor unit has given the highest values of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium 32.53, 16.72, 20.86, g.kg-1 for the elements mentioned sequentially, while the lowest values of pH 6.68 and C/N ratio 9.96 compared to other fermentation methods.
Effect of aqueaus and alcoholic of paulownia tomentosa l. Leaves extract on casuarina equisetifola root rot
Authors: Al-Obaidi Muhannad Hamid Younis , Alsawaf Mohammed Sameer Idrees
Published: April 2024

This study, conducted at the Department of Forestry Sciences in the College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, aimed to analyze the seasonal distribution of Casuarina root rot disease. Field surveys across private and public nurseries in Mosul during November 2020, January, March, May, July, and September 2021 facilitated the investigation. The highest disease incidence was recorded in May 2021 at 24%, contrasting with a low of 10% in January 2021. The identification of causal agents revealed the presence of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. Notably, Fusarium solani exhibited a peak isolation rate of 52% in July 2021, while Rhizoctonia solani displayed the lowest rate at 10.33% in January 2021. Furthermore, the assessment of Paulownia tomentosa leaf extract's impact on fungal growth inhibition illustrated the superior performance of the alcoholic extract. The alcoholic extract achieved 100% inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani growth at the fourth concentration, whereas the aqueous extract exhibited a minimal inhibition rate of 2.50% at the first concentration
A Multidimensional Analysis of Food Security, Health and Ecological Situation
Authors: Amin Humera , Sheikh Urwa , Khan Nazar Hussain
Published: April 2024

Demand for food is progressively becoming challenging for ever increasing population worldwide. Majority of the discussion have focused on growing crop yield which has continuously sustained a vital approach to lessen food insecurity. Nevertheless, in spite of the fact that adequate food is presently produced per capita to nourish the population worldwide but yet a reasonable population suffers from food insecurity especially in under-developed republics. Fulfillment of upcoming food request will be more intricate by harmful variations in climate and other ecological influences, global climate change. This current paper presents true picture of a food systems method to investigate the multifaceted food security arena and highlights numerous substitutes to cop up this situation. These encompass (i) giving a outline for organizing discussions intended at increasing food security and recognizing the variety of interested parties who should be intricate; (ii) participating studies of the complete network of food system doings starting from crop harvesting to consumption of the produced food by those of the food security results i.e. continuous supply chain over yearly, consumption and accessibility rather tan merely focusing on crop production (iii) serving to both evaluate the effects of global ecological conservation on food systems and find responses to the earth system from food system activities; (iv) helping to identify intervention points for enhancing food security and examining interactions and trade-offs between bionetwork facilities and food security, and community welfare results of diverse adaptation paths; and motivation of health-care institution for augmentation of human health services (v) pinpointing where innovative study is desired.
Impact of Inoculation of rumen fluid of Awassi lambs with ruminal fluid of Iraqi buffalo on in vitro digestion of Iraqi wild Reeds and some ruminal fluid characteristics
Authors: Al-Nadawi Mahmoud. F. M. , Al-Samaraae Wafaa. H.
Published: April 2024

The study was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad for the period from 3-30-2022 until 4-10-2022 to determine the extent of improvement or change in the rumen fluid of Awassi lambs after inoculation with Iraqi buffalo rumen fluid, and 5 different percentages of Iraqi buffalo rumen fluid were used. Which was collected immediately after slaughter and (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) represented the parameters (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5). It was added to the rumen fluid of Awassi lambs in in vitro digestion tubes to estimate the in vitro digestibility coefficient for the dry and organic matter of the Iraqi wild Reeds, pH, and total number of microorganisms in rumen fluid. The results showed a highly significant increase (P<0.01) for the two treatments (T4 and T5) in the in vitro digestibility coefficient of organic matter and dry matter compared to the treatments (T1, T2, and T3). While the digestibility coefficient of organic matter improved significantly compared to dry matter. The pH values recorded a highly significant increase (P<0.01) after 9 and 12 hours for all treatments compared to their values after 6 hours of in vitro digestion. The results showed a highly significant (P<0.01) superiority of the two treatments (T2 and T4) with buffalo rumen fluid in the pH values compared. With parameters (T1, T3, and T5) with different times during which the pH was measured. The treatments (T3, T4, and T5) were highly significantly (P<0.01) superior in terms of the total number of microorganisms compared to the two inoculation treatments with buffalo rumen fluid (T1 and T2), while the two inoculation treatments (T3 and T5) recorded a highly significant (P<0.01) superiority in The total number of microorganisms in rumen fluid compared to other treatments. From the results achieved above, we conclude that the treatments (T3, T4, and T5) are considered the best rates for inoculation with buffalo rumen fluid, and the T4 treatment is considered the best compared to other inoculation treatments.
Measuring and forecasting the growth of dates exports in Iraq using the box-Jenkins methodology during the period 1990-2025
Authors: Fawzi Ahmed Aida , Abdulhussain Ali J. , Jassim Mohammed Khalil
Published: April 2024

Exporting to any country is an important factor in generating income and providing foreign exchange by increasing those exports. The purpose of the study is to determine the feasibility of production and export of dates to Iraq and to use the Box- Jenkins methodology to predict date exports to Iraq for the years 1990–2025 based on time series. They were represented by the number of dates exported to Iraq in the years 1990-2019. Statistical means and methods were used to study the nature of the time series, where it was noted that there is a clear fluctuation in the quantity of exports. The researchers concluded, through the use of the Box- Jenkins methodology, that the appropriate model for predicting the amount of date exports is the ARIMA model (2,2,1) among a group of models that does not have the best values through the criteria adopted for selection. As well as the model (1,0,0) to predict the production quantities of dates. The study concluded to continue to support the agricultural sector, especially production Dates, because Iraq is characterized by different types, as well as the increase in exports, which is an important part in achieving agricultural economic development, as well as the adoption of economic policies that help encourage exports by supporting producers, which achieves returns on the trade balance and foreign currency
The impact of melatonin and glutathione on the physiological characteristics of the hot pepper Capsicum annuum L. grown under cadmium pollution
Authors: Ibrahim Zahraa Khwam , Ibrahim Nagham Saddon
Published: April 2024

The experiment was conducted in pots within the plastic house of a nursery located in the Al-Muqdadiya district, situated to the north of Baqubah, the central city of Diyala governorate, which lies 90 km northeast of the capital, Baghdad. This study focused on Capsicum annuum L, specifically the Barbarian F1 class of Indian origin, during the autumn season. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effects of melatonin and glutathione treatments on the physiological characteristics of Capsicum annuum L grown under conditions polluted with cadmium. The research followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with three replicates. Three treatments were applied: cadmium, added to the soil at concentrations of 0 and 15 mg.kg soil-1, and melatonin and glutathione, applied to the leaves at concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg.L-1. The results revealed a significant decrease in fruit carbohydrate content and catalase enzyme activity when treated with cadmium at a concentration of 15 mg.kg soil-1. However, applying melatonin at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg.L-1 led to a significant increase in fruit carbohydrate and protein content, along with a notable rise in catalase and peroxidase enzyme activities. The concentration of 100 mg.L-1 demonstrated the highest mean values for these features. Moreover, the study demonstrated a significant increase in fruit carbohydrate and protein content, as well as catalase enzyme activity, when plants were treated with glutathione at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg.L-1. The highest mean values for these features were observed when plants were treated with glutathione at a concentration of 100 mg.L 1.
Impact of Scion Length and Cover Type on the Success of Durian Grafting
Authors: Pembengo Wawan , Adnyana I Made Budi
Published: April 2024

Grafting has become a technique with high potential for increasing the efficiency of modern and intelligent crop cultivation, and shows its adoption of power and robustness under different inspection situations. This study aims to determine impact of interaction between scions length and cover type on the success of durian grafting. It was carried out using a Split Plot Design method, with the main plot being the cover type composed of individual and mass of cover type, while the subplot consists of 10 and 20 cm scions length. The observed variable were time of bud emergence, percentage of bud emergence, bud length, leaves of number and grafting of success. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If there are significantly different treatments then proceed with the Least Significant Difference test at 5% level. The results showed that the interaction between scions of length and cover type treatment did not affect grafting technique. However, the treatment of cover type affected the percentage of bud emergence, bud length, leaves of number, and grafting success. The treatment of scions of length also affected the leaves of number. The mass cover type resulted in 93.5% bud emergence, 1.5 cm bud length, 2.73 increase in the leaves of number, and 93% grafting success. Meanwhile, the treatment of scions of length 20 cm increased the leaves of number by 2.13 strands. Scions of length that is successfully connected to grow and form new shoots has an impact on the development of healthy stems. The cover type in this study was able to protect grafting plants from direct exposure to sunlight, maintain plant moisture, prevent pests and diseases, protect from rain so that grafting can be successful.