bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemical signatures of recent bar deposits in the Tista river, Bangladesh: Implications to provenance, paleoweathering and tectonics
Authors: Biswas Pradip Kumar , Alam M. Shafiqul , Hasan A.S.M. Mehedi , Ahmed Syed Samsuddin , Zaman Mohammad Nazim
Published: January 2021

Petrography and geochemical composition of sediments is a sensitive indicator which archives the signature of a previous record of a source rock and depositional environments in a basin.  This study deals with the elemental geochemistry of recent bar deposits of the Tista river in the north western part of Bangladesh to evaluate their provenance, paleoweathering and tectonic setting. Petrographically, the sediments are rich in quartz (70%), whereas feldspar and lithic fragments are found about 8% and 3%, respectively. The geochemical composition of the samples exhibits dominantly quartzose litharenites with low grade sedimentary and metasedimentary lithics, low feldspar indicates tectonic provenance field of recycled orogeny. Discrimination functions revels that the sediments of the Tista river are the derivation of active continental margin. The analyses also reflect that the sediments are dominantly a mixture of felsic (e.g., granitic/Gneiss, quartzite, amphibolite, granulite facies rock types) and some of mafic source (e.g., alkali-basalt/greenschist facies). It may occur, since 60% of the sedimentary flux carried out by the river from low-grade metamorphic rock and the rest from high-grade rock (in the west and north Sikkim Himalaya respectively). The weathering indices highlight that the source rocks have not undergone significant chemical weathering. The immature sorting status and petrographic evidences indicate that the sediments deposited in the Tista river basin are simply the product of mechanically weathered rocks.
Quality assessment and status of spring water in Helambu area, Sindhupalchok district, central Nepal
Authors: Tiwari Sabin , Chamlagain Deepak , Atwood Abra , Sayami Mamata
Published: January 2021

The quality of spring water in the Higher Himalaya of Helambu area, Sindhupalchok district, Central Nepal was carried out. A total of fifty seven springs were surveyed to study different physical and chemical parameters, i.e. electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), potential of hydrogen (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature. Among them, six springs were tested for chemical parameters. The results show that the distribution of EC and TDS is greater towards the lower elevation i.e. southern part near the settlement and agricultural land with the value ranging from 13 – 219 µS/cm and 7.08 – 161 mg/l respectively. The distribution of pH is inconsistent with the elevation and ranges from 2.27 – 6.66 throughout the area.

The distribution of DO is greater at the central region and towards the lower elevation with the value ranging from 2.77 – 6.33 mg/l. The temperature ranges from 12.4 – 22.8 oC and increases with a decrease in the elevation. All the physiochemical parameters, except for pH, lies within the permissible range given by National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS, 2005) and World Health Organization (WHO) (2004) standards. The Water Quality Index (WQI) shows that overall area has excellent to good water quality in terms of drinkability, agricultural and industrial purposes. However, increasing urbanization might degrade the quality in future so proper and sustainable management strategies must be adopted to protect and preserve these groundwater resources.
Sprache und Gewalt in Heinz Strunks Der goldene Handschuh
Authors: Fuhrbach Clemens
Published: January 2021

Dieser Beitrag untersucht Heinz Strunks Roman Der goldene Handschuh auf Grundlage von Judith Butlers Ausführungen zur Excitable Speech. Neben der Darstellung von Gewalt durch Sprache wird die Sprache als Form der Gewalt in den Fokus gerückt. Die erste Ebene der Analyse bilden die wörtliche Rede und die interne Fokalisierung der Figur ›Fritz Honka‹. Auf der zweiten Ebene wird die intersubjektive Beziehungsstruktur als dialogische Wechselwirkung zwischen verschiedenen Figuren betrachtet. Abschließend wird das Erzählen selbst als vorgetragene Rede kritisch hinterfragt. Folgende These wird untersucht: Die asynchrone Sprache der Figuren bleibt auf der Textebene unvermittelt und verstärkt dadurch das beschriebene Prinzip des verletzenden Sprechens. Die Darstellung der Gewalt durch die Sprache auf der Ebene der Figuren wird durch den Erzähltext selbst als Sprache der Gewalt reproduziert. Ziel des Beitrags ist es deshalb, die Erzählung kritisch zu erschließen, um dadurch eine grundsätzliche Sensibilisierung für die Reflexion der Zusammenhänge von Sprache und Gewalt zu erreichen.
Lenka Vaňková (Hg.): Fachlichkeit und Fachsprachlichkeit in varianten Kontexten. (= Forum für Fachsprachen-Forschung, Bd. 147). Berlin: Frank & Timme, 2018: 266 S.
Authors: Kałasznik Marcelina
Published: January 2021

Lenka Vaňková (Hg.): Fachlichkeit und Fachsprachlichkeit in varianten Kontexten. (= Forum für Fachsprachen-Forschung, Bd. 147). Berlin: Frank & Timme, 2018: 266 S.
Bericht über die internationale wissenschaftliche Tagung Arnold Zweig – Schriftsteller, Zeitkritiker, Humanist (1887-1968) (Katowice, 29.-30.11.2018)
Authors: Kłosowicz Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

Bericht über die internationale wissenschaftliche Tagung Arnold Zweig – Schriftsteller, Zeitkritiker, Humanist (1887-1968) (Katowice, 29.-30.11.2018)
ENERGY: DEVELOPMENT FORECASTS, BIFURCATION POINTS (OVERVIEW)
Authors: Basok B.I. , Baseyev Ye.T.
Published: January 2021

The forecast of the development of energy balances of the world, Europe and Ukraine is presented. It is emphasized that in its development, the energy industry passes through bifurcation points, the exit from which can change the development scenarios up to the termination of work in a number of scientific areas and technologies. The behavior of systems passing along the path of their development of the bifurcation point, detailed research by the Nobel Prize laureate, physicist and chemist I.R. Prigogine.

In its dynamics of development, the energy sector of Ukraine has already passed bifurcation points. Global political changes in the USSR and in the world (the era of "perestroika", the collapse of the USSR and the entire socialist camp) made it impossible to fulfill the main provisions of the USSR Energy Program for the long term and the republican target complex scientific and technical program "Energocomplex", as well as the creation of a new production technology electric power (thermal power plant with combined cycle - MHD generator as a superstructure above the steam power unit).

2020 may also be a bifurcation point in the development of energy in the world and in the regions. Already now, global changes in real GDP and CO2 emissions clearly correspond to global geopolitical, economic and environmental shocks in the world, including the impending Covid-19 pandom.

The energy policy of Ukraine (energy strategy) depends on the energy circuits of the new world - on the challenges and risks of a global and local nature. Geopolitical and economic turbulence in the world makes it necessary to promptly monitor and, if necessary, make adjustments to the forecasts for the development of the economies of countries and the world as a whole, including the basic component of the economy - energy.

Suggestions are made for the need to support the energy strategy, including the energy strategy adopted in Ukraine in 2017 for the period up to 2035, by working documents - operational sliding forecast plans (roadmaps) to manage and monitor its implementation at intermediate time intervals, creating perhaps a specialized structure for these purposes.
Progressive Duchenne — Becker Muscular Dystrophy.Challenges with Diagnosis
Authors:   Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tsarkova S.A. ,   Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Ushakova R.A. ,   Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Gromada N.E. ,   Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Kosenkova M.I. ,   Ural State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Musalova O.R.
Published: January 2021

Objective of the Paper: To present a case study of progressive Duchenne – Becker muscular dystrophy (PMD) and demonstrate challenges and features of diagnosis of this pathology. Key Points. The article discusses a case of Duchenne – Becker PMD diagnosis in a 2-year old boy. We have described stages of diagnostic investigation and analysed the results of clinical observation and molecular genetic examination. We have proposed an examination algorithm for unexplained increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Conclusion. This case of PMD demonstrates challenges faced by health care providers in diagnosis of this condition. Early clinical symptoms, increased blood AAT and ALT, creatine phosphokinase are a reason for a molecular genetic examination. This algorithm can be used to diagnose PMD in order to save efforts searching for a non-existent neurological pathology and infection, promptly prescribe an adequate therapy and improve the quality of patient’s life. Keywords: progressive Duchenne – Becker muscular dystrophy, molecular genetic examination, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase.
Disorders of the Cervix and Characteristics of Colposcopy in Pregnant Women
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Bebneva T.N. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation,   National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology (a Federal Government-funded Institution), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation, Dikke G.B. ,   F.I. Inozemtsev Academy of Medical Education (a Private Educational Institution of Advanced Professional Education); St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Study Objective: To determine the frequency of disorders of the cervix and identify characteristics of colposcopy specific to pregnant women infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Study Design: This was an open-label, non-interventional, comparative, cohort clinical study. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and thirty pregnant women participated in the study. They were divided into four groups: Group I (n = 73) was made up of women without any disorders of the cervix and with a negative test for human papillomavirus (HPV); Group II (n = 75) consisted of women with disorders of the cervix who did not have HPV; Group III (n = 96) comprised those who did not have disorders of the cervix, but had HPV; and Group IV (n = 86) consisted of patients with disorders of the cervix and HPV. Examinations performed included HPV testing with serotyping, cervical cytology (Pap smear), and colposcopy. Study Results: HPV was detected in 55.2% of the patients (182/330), 44.5% of whom (81/182) had types 16/18 HPV. The prevalence of grades I and II disorders of the cervix (mild and moderate) in women who had HPV as well as disorders of the cervix was 17.5% (15/86) according to colposcopy data and 9.3% (8/86) detected by cytology (р = 0.06). The total frequency of these disorders, irrespective of HPV status, was 9.3% (15/161) and 5.6% (9/161), respectively (р = 0.29). Interpretation of the colposcopy data in pregnant women was difficult in some cases due to changes in the cervix, which explains the 3.7% discrepancy between colposcopy and cytology in detecting disorders of the cervix. Conclusion: HPV screening may be done first in pregnant women, followed by cytology in HPV-positive patients. Colposcopy may be reserved for women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions to exclude invasive cancer. Keywords: pregnancy, human papillomavirus, disorders of the cervix, risk factors, colposcopy.
Key Aspects of Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors:   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (a Federal Government-funded Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Tikhomirov A.L. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Sarsaniya S.I. ,   OOO ANV Aeterna Clinic; Moscow, Russian Federation, Kazenashev V.V. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (a Federal Government-funded Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Objective of the Paper: To describe options for effective treatment, with high compliance rates, of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Key Points: Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age. The paper describes some options for effective treatment, with high compliance rates, of BV and includes clinical cases of the use of clindamycin in obstetric/gynecological practice. Conclusion: High rates of compliance with the treatment, low rates of recurrence, a short duration of treatment, and a low incidence of side effects support the use of clindamycin in the treatment of BV. Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, abnormal vaginal discharge, biofilms, clindamycin, Dalacin.
One Health approach to companion carnivores with special regard to raw-feeding
Authors: Mouhanna Aziz , Csivincsik Ágnes
Published: January 2021

Keeping and feeding of companion carnivores (dogs and cats) appear to be a simple activity for a shallow observer. By a multidimensional approach, all three domains of health can be analysed in the course of pet-feeding. The interest of animal health requires healthy, nutritious, and non-infectious pet food. At the same time, public health necessitates safety for pet owners and their families. By going much deeper, the environmental impacts of pets and pet foods can be identified. This review gathers the animal and human health and environmental aspects of domestic carnivore feeding. Based on the literature, it can be claimed that for the present, few data are available to determine the right way of feeding to reach the balance between all three domains of health.
Rabies control in wildlife: the golden jackal (Canis aureus) requests for attention – a case study
Authors: Kemenszky Péter , Jánoska Ferenc , Nagy Gábor , Csivincsik Ágnes
Published: January 2021

In Hungary, the rabies control programme with oral bait immunisation of wild carnivores dates back to 1992. Since than, the rules of vaccine placement on bait density has not changed, in spite of drastic expansion of both the carnivore community and the wild boar population in Europe. Though, all these elements of the concerned ecosystem compete for the baits. This case study was based on the accidental finding of vaccine blisters in jackal stomachs during a large-scale investigation on jackals’ feeding ecology. The results showed 3.17% (0.57-10.87%) frequency of bait occurrence in jackal specimens harvested during the vaccination term. This finding contradicted previous reports on high bait uptake rate and rabies seroconversion in golden jackals. These results called the attention the need for paradigm shift in management of diseases maintained in a natural reservoir. In the authors’ opinion, for reassuring result, multidisciplinary research groups should re-evaluate disease control strategies time and again.
Különböző sertéstípusok az orvostudományi kardiovaszkuláris kutatásokban (Irodalmi áttekintés)
Authors: Kőrösi Dénes , Garamvölgyi Rita , Vorobcsuk András , Szabó András , Petrási Zsolt
Published: January 2021

A sertések régóta használt modellállatok a különböző kutatási tevékenységekben. Kifejezetten jól használhatók a kardiovaszkuláris betegségek vizsgálatában. A hagyományos húshibridek használatának azonban gátat szab nagy növekedési erélyük, amely miatt nem alkalmasak hosszú utánkövetési idejű vagy felnőtt szervezetben, krónikus betegségek modellezésére kialakított kutatási feladatokra. Ezekben az esetekben a törpe sertésfajták alkalmazása jelent megoldást a kutatók számára. A kisméretű fajták alkalmazásával nyert kutatási eredmények jól adaptálhatók, illetve extrapolálhatók a humán populáció hasonló betegségeinek megismerése és kezelése vonatkozásában azzal, hogy a kutatóknak törekedni kell ezen fajták biológiai sajátosságainak minél mélyebb megismerésére.
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Authors: Sosiodialektika Cover
Published: January 2021

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PATH DEPENDENCE REPETITION DINAMIKA PERKEMBANGAN PARTAI PROTO ISLAM INDONESIA, SAREKAT ISLAM (1911-1940)
Authors: Riyanto Agus
Published: January 2021

This article aims to describe the trajectory of the development of Sarekat Islam (SI) in the pre-independence era by using path dependence analysis and critical junctures. In this context, important political decisions made by the proto-Islamic party agents will identify various alternatives determined by their antecedent conditions, as well as a series of follow-up causal events after critical junctures as path dependence patterns that lead to an outcome or outcome of the development of the SI organization. explained that there were three stages of the development of the Sarekat Islam organization, which transformed into the Sarekat Islam Party (PSI) and the Indonesian Sarekat Islam Party (PSII) which were produced by three agent decisions in moments of critical juntures, namely the stages of growth, division and decline.

Key word : Critical junctures, Path dependence, the proto- Islamic
TRAFİK KAZALARININ ZAMANSAL VE MEKÂNSAL İNCELENMESİ: ESKİŞEHİR ŞEHİR ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖZLÜ Tamer , HAYBAT Himmet , ZERENOĞLU Hüseyin
Published: January 2021

Türkiye’de şehir nüfusu her geçen yıl artmaktadır. Nüfusu her yıl artan şehirlerden biri de Eskişehir’dir. Şehirdeki nüfusun artması aynı zamanda araç kullanımını arttırmaktadır. Araç ve sürücü sayısındaki artış trafikte problemlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan bu problemlerden bir tanesi de trafik kazalarıdır. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile birlikte Eskişehir’in iki merkez ilçesinde meydana gelen trafik kazaları zamansal ve mekânsal olarak incelenmiştir. Bu merkez ilçelerin seçilmesindeki sebepler ise nüfusun ve trafik akışının bu alan içerisinde yoğunluk göstermesidir. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler; 2016- 2017 yılına ait trafik kaza ve 2012 yılına ait arazi kullanım verileridir. Analizlerin ve bulguların tespit edilmesi için ArcGIS 10.6 versiyonunda iki araç kullanılmıştır. Bu araçlar; nokta yoğunluk ve toplam vaka araçlarıdır. Bu araçların kullanılmasındaki amaç trafik kazalarının zamansal ve mekânsal bağlantılarını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Zamansal bağlantılar içerisinde trafik kazaları; iki yıl, mevsim, ay, haftanın günleri ve saat olarak incelenmiştir. Mekânsal bağlantılar içerisinde ise ilçe, mahalle ve karayolları üzerinde gerçekleşen trafik kazaları incelenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda trafik kazalarının; yıl bakımından hangi alanlarda yoğunlaştığı, hangi mevsimlerde artış gösterdiği, hangi aylarda arttığı, haftanın hangi günlerinde artış gösterdiği, saatlere göre dağılımı, ilçelere göre dağılımı, mahallelere göre dağılımı, karayollarına göre dağılımı incelenmiş ve kara noktalar tespit edilmiştir. Zaman bakımından trafik kazaları; ay bazında en fazla temmuz, gün bazında pazartesi ve cuma günleri, saat bazında 12.00 – 18.00 saatleri arasında gerçekleştiği çalışma sonucunda ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Mekân bakımından trafik kazaları; Odunpazarı ilçesindeki kazalar Tepebaşı ilçesine göre daha fazla gerçekleşmiştir. Mahalle bazındaki incelemelerde ise trafik kazaları en fazla Merkez Mahallesi’nde meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir.
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KÜRESEL İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİNE YÖNELİK FARKINDALIK ÖLÇEĞİ
Authors: DENİZ Mehmet , İNEL Yusuf , SEZER Adem
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin küresel iklim değişikliğine yönelik farkındalık düzeylerini belirlemek için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma nicel araştırma yöntemlerine uygun olarak kesitsel tarama deseninde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın araştırma evrenini Uşak Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencileri, örneklemini ise 2020- 2021 eğitim öğretim yılında aynı üniversitede öğrenimine devam etmekte olan tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş 953 gönüllü öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde yapı geçerliğini görmek için temel bileşenler analizi yapılmıştır. Ulaşılan yapıdan hareketle model oluşturulmuş ve varsayılan modelin verilerle uyumunu görebilmek için de doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde, 21 maddeden ve dört boyuttan oluşan küresel iklim değişikliği farkındalık ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin boyutları sırasıyla "Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin Doğal ve Beşerî Ortama Etkilerine Yönelik Farkındalık", "Küresel Organizasyonlar ve Anlaşmalara Yönelik Farkındalık"; "Küresel İklim Değişikliğini Ortaya Çıkaran Sebeplerine Yönelik Farkındalık" ve "Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin Enerji Tüketimine Yönelik Farkındalık" olarak adlandırılmıştır. Geliştirilen ölçeğin toplam varyansın %57,72'sini açıkladığı ve güvenirliğine ilişkin Cronbach's alpha değeri 0,826 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda üniversite öğrencilerinin küresel iklim değişikliği farkındalığını belirlemek için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
ÖZEL YETENEKLİ ÖĞRENCİLER İÇİN ÇEVRE EĞİTİMİ
Authors: TANIK ÖNAL Nagihan
Published: January 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin nasıl bir çevre eğitimi almak istediklerinden yola çıkarak özel yeteneklilerin çevre eğitimi için bir çerçeve belirlemektir. Bu amaçla gerçekleştirilen araştırma durum desenine dayalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaya 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılı birinci döneminde İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde bir Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi’ne (BİLSEM) devam eden sekiz özel yetenekli öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşmelerle toplanan veriler içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular; özel yetenekli öğrencilere göre çevre eğitiminin amaçlarının bireylerde çevre farkındalığı oluşturmak ve bireylere çevre dostu davranış kazandırmak olduğunu, bu süreçte öğretmenlerin öğrencilere rol model ve sürecin lideri olması gerektiğini düşündüklerini ve öğrencilerin de sürece aktif katılımını önemsediklerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca katılımcıların teorik bir çevre eğitimi değil okul dışı ortamlarda uygulamaya dayalı yaparak yaşayarak, keşfederek öğrenecekleri bir çevre eğitimi arzuladıkları tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara dayanarak; öğrencilerin doğa ile temaslarını sağlayacak ve yaparak yaşayarak öğrenmelerine imkân tanıyacak okul dışı öğrenme ortamlarının kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması, gerek okul ortamında gerekse okul dışı ortamlarda gerçekleştirilecek öğretimde uygulama ve araştırma eksenli öğretim yöntemlerinin tercih edilmesi gibi önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Al-Magrizi Inflation Theory Of Islamic Monetary Policy Implementation In Indonesia
Authors: Muhtadi Ridan , Imani Safarinda
Published: January 2021

During the time of Imam al-Magrizi (766-845 H), inflation had occurred in Egypt. Al-Magrizi shows about the theory of inflation. Inflation becomes a discourse that studied heavily in the subject of the economy. Al-Magrizi is an Islamic economic thought who did a particular study of money and inflation. The paper focused on al-Magrizi inflation theory caused by two factors, namely natural factors and human error factors. To solve these factors, a nation could apply Islamic monetary policy to Umar Chapra's thought, namely a credit-oriented (financing) location as a solution of natural factor theory. Also, moral suasion or moral appeals as a solution to the human factor inflation theory.
An effective method of protection of oil field pipes inner surface
Authors: Kvashnin V. D. , Derbenev D. I. , Suleimanova I. I. , Yakovlev D. S. , Ivanov M. A. , Danilkin P. A.
Published: January 2021

Corrosion is a key factor, effecting service life of field pipelines. A review of methods of protection of circle welding seam internal surfaces and adjacent end pipe areas presented in the paper, as well as their imperfections, a technology proposed to protect them by arc building-up corrosion-resistant coating. With the elaborated technology the pipe metal does not get considerable overheating, retaining correspondent level of mechanical properties. The properly selected parameters of building-up mode provide a minimal stirring in the process of building-up and the decrease of concentration of main alloying elements (Cr and Ni) in the protective layer does not exceed 20%. To determine the minimal length of protective layer, manual arc welding and welding in protective gases atmosphere by consumable electrode were considered as possible welding methods. Simulation in the program complex SYS-WELD enabled to determine the areas subjected to critical heating, what was confirmed by the data, obtained during imitation of a circle seam in laboratory conditions at 159×8 mm short pipe. The proposed technology excludes the porosity of the built-up layer and other defects, decreasing the efficiency of pipe metal protection. Content of alloying elements was selected, for the built-up coating to be inclined to passivation and to have high resistivity against corrosion processes. Total corrosion rate at the tests in an acid solution, having hydrogen sulfide, was less than 0.1 mm/year thanks to austenite structure. The efficiency of the proposed technology was confirmed by positive results of pilot-field tests at a by-pass line under conditions of Sutorminskoje oil, gas and condensate deposit.
Detailing and perfection of calculation of productivity of drawing lines for rebars of A500C and B500C class production based on analysis of procurement contracts
Authors: Kharitonov V. A. , Savrasov I. P. , Shinin I. V.
Published: January 2021

When foreign companies supply equipment for production of class A500 and B500 cold rebars to the Russian market, the manufacturer as a rule estimate its production indices by generally accepted parameters: machine utilization index (MUI), drawing speed and bars diameter (sometimes with specific differentiation). Usually, MUI and drawing speed are presented as the highest reached parameters without accounting particular conditions of operation at a customer, and sometimes – without configuration of the equipment. With a high price of equipment, a customer often gets low efficiency coefficient of correspondence between the high production parameters announced by the manufacturer and those being realized in practice. It was shown that drawing lines for production rebars of the class mentioned above, are typical by equipment content, for example unreeling and power segments. The difference can be only in coiling equipment segment. Such an equipment refers to equipment of cycling products discharge, which is done only at a coil change (a full coil for an empty one). Accumulation of tonnage is provided by a number of coils, which as a result (of a shift, day, month and a year) makes a production program of such drawing lines. If the change of coils at any coiler configuration (automatic, semi-automatic or manual) requires halt of the drawing line, then such halts must be accounted in the time balance of line operation and down times. Accounting of them can considerably change the announced production indices. Per se the production program of such drawing lines should be made taking into consideration actual MUI, but not the advertising one. Results of monitoring of contractual data of some foreign companies presented, to evaluate actuality of the announced by them indices of the equipment production program, supplied at the Russian market. The calculations of down times accounting change time and coils tonnage, as a relative index of drawing lines productivity and their analysis showed that the advertising data presented in the analyzed contracts, cannot be considered as representing and reference ones for making commercial production program of a customer. A method of calculation proposed and recommendations presented, which any customer can use when making inquiry for purchasing drawing equipment from any manufacturer. Also, the method can be used for internal monitoring of in-house production under conditions of particular state of engineer infrastructure and level of automation and mechanization of basic technological operations.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ УЯВИ У НАВЧАЛЬНІЙ РОБОТІ ЗІ СТУДЕНТАМИ-ПСИХОЛОГАМИ
Authors: ВІНТЮК Юрій
Published: January 2021

У статті висвітлені особливості та хід застосування дослідницького підходу до вивчення уяви у навчальній роботі зі студентами-психологами. Здійснений огляд наукових публікацій за обраною темою; в результаті з’ясовані наявні підходи до дослідження уяви. Розглянуті особливості вивчення уяви з позицій різних підходів; висвітлено специфіку залучення студентів до дослідження уяви. Дослідження полягало у реалізації спроби виробити та апробувати оптимальний підхід до ознайомлення студентів із дослідженням уяви, який би дозволив поєднати наявні знання з даної теми на певній доцільній основі, подати їх доступно й у чіткій логічній послідовності, виходячи з наявного у студентів рівня знань і вимог професійної підготовки. При цьому максимально використано накопичений досвід викладання, при реалізації використаного підходу ставилося завдання наблизити наукові теорії до повсякденного життя, запитів сьогодення і вимог професійної діяльності психолога. З самого початку передбачалося відмовитися від традиційного способу трансляції знань, як такого, що не відповідає сучасним вимогам через низьку результативність. Натомість передбачалося попереднє ознайомлення студентів з матеріалом, що дозволило під час занять вносити в процес навчання елементи дослідження. В дослідженні передбачено як аналітичну, так і практичну складову; воно організовується та проводиться викладачем, проте з максимально можливим залученням студентів. Зміст і вироблену процедуру проведення занять наведено. В аналітичній частині передбачено здійснити огляд наявних знань на дану тему, по кожному з питань, що вивчаються. При цьому до викладу і обговорення залучаються студенти: їм необхідно задавати питання, що спонукають висловлювати власну думку, залучати до обговорення. Після логічного опрацювання теоретичного матеріалу передбачено його практичне опрацювання, що реалізується в основному під час практичних занять, проте передбачено також творчі завдання для поза аудиторної роботи. Зроблені висновки з проведеної роботи і намічені перспективи подальших досліджень у даному напрямку.
ПРИНЦИПИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ МАГІСТРІВ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ З ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ
Authors: ДУТЧАК Юрій , ДМИТРИШИН Нікіта
Published: January 2021

Стаття присвячена теоретичному дослідженню основних принципів, що гарантують якість професійної підготовки майбутніх магістрів середньої освіти з фізичної культури. Зазначено, що педагогічні принципи є одними з основних чинників, що забезпечують досягнення запланованих результатів освітнього процесу. Встановлено, що педагогічні принципи можуть поділятися на групи у залежності від певної ознаки. Відзначено, що забезпечення якості професійної підготовки майбутніх магістрів середньої освіти з фізичної культури – це сукупність процедур та діяльності, що відповідають вимогам держави і суспільства та мають за мету гарантування й покращення ефективності надання магістрантам освітніх послуг, які передбачають формування їх професійно орієнтованих знань, вмінь та навичок, навчання фізичних вправ, розвиток фізичних здібностей та виховання морально-вольових якостей. Забезпечення якості професійна підготовка майбутніх магістрів середньої освіти з фізичної культури ґрунтується на групах принципів: загальнодидактичних, організаційних і фізичного виховання. У групі загальнодидактичних принципів виокремлено: принципи актуальності, відкритості, гуманізації, демократизації, доступності, єдності теорії і практики, інформатизації, інтегрованості, креативності, модульності, неперервності, послідовності, фундаментальності. Принципи варіативності, мотивації, проблемності, поєднання колективних та індивідуальних форм навчання, самонавчання входять до групи організаційних принципів. До групи принципів фізичного виховання включено: принципи безперервності, гармонійного розвитку особистості, зв’язку з життєдіяльністю та/або з трудовою діяльністю, доступності та індивідуалізації, оздоровчої спрямованості, систематичності. Охарактеризовані означені принципи, що забезпечують якість професійної підготовки майбутніх магістрів середньої освіти з фізичної культури.
ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ІНФОРМАТИКИ ДО ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ УЧНІВ
Authors: СУХОВІРСЬКИЙ Олег
Published: January 2021

У статті розглянуто підходи до підготовки майбутніх учителів інформатики до економічного виховання учнів. Визначено, що для ефективної підготовки майбутніх учителів інформатики в цьому контексті у закладі вищої освіти необхідна інтеграція змісту навчальних дисциплін. Зокрема, до цього переліку включено «Основи економіки», «Методику навчання інформатики», психологію, окремі технічні дисципліни, пов’язані з вивченням програмування, систем управління базами даних, створення сайтів тощо. В сучасних умовах учителі інформатики можуть проводити уроки у початковій школі. Але вони повинні мати знання щодо вікових та психологічних особливостей учнів молодшої школи. Тому у статті рекомендовано у навчальні плани підготовки учителів інформатики ввести навчальну дисципліну «Методика навчання інформатики у початковій школі» або ж додати відповідний розділ у навчальну програму предмету «Методика навчання інформатики». Запропоновано такі напрями, в межах яких на уроках інформатики може відбуватися економічне виховання учнів: забезпечення приватності інформації, використання інтернет-крамниць, вплив інтернет-реклами, ігри з економічним змістом, фінансові розрахунки, електронні платежі та гроші, азартні ігри. Здійснено аналіз навчальної програми з інформатики для учнів 5-9 класів щодо можливості реалізації визначених напрямів для здійснення економічного виховання. Встановлено теми, під час вивчення яких доцільно здійснювати економічне виховання: «Безпечне користування Інтернетом», «Інформаційна безпека», «Пошук інформації в Інтернеті», «Критичне оцінювання інформації, отриманої з Інтернету», «Планування представлення презентації та виступ перед аудиторією», «Використання мережі Інтернет для навчання», «Правила безпечного користування електронною скринькою», «Основні ознаки спаму й фішингу», «Алгоритми та програми», «Моделі. Етапи побудови моделей. Реалізація математичних моделей», «Опрацювання табличних даних», «Технічні характеристики та призначення основних складових персонального комп’ютера». Описано методичні підходи до вивчення цих тем на уроках інформатики у середній школі та вказано шляхи здійснення економічного виховання у початковій школі.
MODEL FOR DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF RAILWAY TRAIN REGIME MAPS
Authors: Falendysh A. , Gatchenko A. , Kletska O. , Kiritseva E. , Barybin M.
Published: January 2021

The article considers the issues of determining rational approaches to the creation of train maps, the rational use of diesel modes and the use of automated computer simulation system. Based on the obtained results, an energy-efficient mode of train driving is proposed and a mathematical model of the locomotive operation character is created. There is a need to review obsolete regime and train locomotive crews in the latest methods of operation. The basic values and methods of calculation for specific operating conditions on the basis of the law of conservation of mechanical energy are established. It is proposed to create a passport of each locomotive to determine the rational weight norms on the existing service shoulders. After all, overloading or underutilization of the locomotive's resource is associated with loss of profit or the emergence of emergencies. The necessity of the offered methods within the limits of ecological requirements to traction rolling stock is proved. The possibility of forming a rational system of mileage between technical inspections and repairs for each locomotive as a whole on the basis of forecasting and statistics is determined. It is recommended to further implement mathematical modeling and digital means of monitoring the technical condition after repairs to achieve economic efficiency of railway transport.
RESEARCH OF THE DEPENDENCE OF OPERATION OF CARRYING ELEMENTS OF PASSENGER CARS
Authors: Martynov I. , Trufanova A. , Petukhov V. , Serhiienko M.
Published: January 2021

The article considers the issues of analysis of the patterns of operation of the bearing elements of the bodies of carriage. The fleet of carriage mainly consists of models developed and manufactured in the 70-90s of the last century at car plants in Germany and Russia. They are obsolete both morally and physically. A comparative analysis of the size and nature of the operation of structural elements of both compartment cars and open cars. The results of the study made it possible to consider the issue of further use of carriage, which are most affected by corrosion. Key words: carriage ,operation, rolling stock; corrosion, inventory, technical condition. The results of the study made it possible to consider the issue of further use of passenger cars, which are most affected by corrosion.
The female element, primary identification, and creation in environment in contemporary China—relating and isolating
Authors: Qian Wang
Published: January 2021

The author reviews the historical context for women in recent Chinese history, and applies ideas of several contemporary psychoanalysts to examine the female element in development, as well as the implications for the clinical situation. She particularly examines the mother–daughter element and aspects of primary identification in the female element of development.
Cultural, historical and psychoanalytic contributions to female identity in China: a discussion of articles by Tong Jun and Wang Qian
Authors: Ellman Paula L.
Published: January 2021

This article offers a discussion of two articles that are both considerations of the intersection of culture and the psyche. The development and conflicts within the Chinese woman's psyche are examined within the context of the history, values, and culture of China. This article considers the place of the powerful maternal imago in understanding the denigration of the feminine position. The presence of unconscious fantasy along with intergenerational trauma is examined, particularly in instances of misogyny. The contributions to the psychoanalytic theory of femininity and female development is reviewed with a discussion of clinical application.
Active imagination, extraversion, cross-culture: Guan Yin and Chinese divination
Authors: Tibaldi Marta
Published: January 2021

In the Far East, Guan Yin, the Goddess of Mercy, is the one who "listens to the cries of the world". Depicted by gigantic white statues, she is the feminine personification of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara and represents an archetypal figure dear to Chinese women and men. In Hong Kong and in Taipei, Taiwan, she is consulted by throwing two moon blocks or ritual sticks according to the rules of Chinese divination. The goddess is a real presence who acts in a real way: when questioned, she answers, defying a synchronistic and extraverted field of knowledge and meaning. The author highlights the importance of approaching in a cross-cultural, sensitive way, such a slippery cultural phenomenon as the use of divination in that part of China, investigating a possible parallelism between this form of dialogue with the goddess Guan Yin and the Jungian method of active imagination. Developing a cross-cultural sensibility towards Chinese divinatory practices as Chinese clients do in their country, without either prejudicially declaring them superstition or considering them as a form of magic, can have transformative effects both on Eastern and Western imagery. In the case of Chinese people, this sensibility develops the ability to examine, psychologically, a phenomenon whose deeper meaning often remains unconscious. In the case of Westerners, this sensibility creates an experience of active imagination in extraverted form. In both cases, when approached from a Jungian perspective, the Chinese divinatory practice leads to experiencing the transformative reality of the extraverted and synchronistic imaginal action.
Subtle forms of developmental trauma in the young child: attachment, the unconscious, and trauma
Authors: Kalish Beth I.
Published: January 2021

This article begins by discussing parenthood as a developmental phase that is crucial to the development of babies and of the mother-as-a-mother. Then the author describes the Watch, Wait and Wonder (WWW) method of intervention when the infant–mother dyad is faltering, and ends with a clinical example that illustrates the WWW method and the benefits it can provide.
Association of Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) Grading on the Basis of Cycle Threshold Value with Conventional Microbiological Diagnosis in Pediatric Tuberculosis
Authors: Kashyap Bineeta , Gupta Neha , Dewan Pooja , Singh NP , Khanna Ashwani
Published: January 2021

Background: Microbiological confirmation of tuberculosis disease in children remains difficult due to paucibacillary disease and inability to obtain optimal samples. Recently introduced Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) has improved microbiological diagnosis in pediatric tuberculosis.

Objectives: We aimed to study association of CBNAAT grading based on cycle threshold value with conventional microbiological diagnosis.

Methodology: This prospective study was conducted over a period from November 2016 to October 2017 in the Departments of Microbiology and Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi. CBNAAT positive pediatric TB cases ≤12 years were recruited and subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid fast bacilli (AFB) & culture on Lowenstein Jensen medium. CBNAAT positivity was graded based on cycle threshold value: very low, low, medium and high.

Results: Smear and culture positivity was highest (100%) among specimens with high positive CBNAAT result based on CT value. Time to culture positivity was inversely related to CBNAAT grading (p=0.000).

Conclusion: CBNAAT grading has significant positive association with smear and culture positivity.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(2):72-77
Ivermectin the Promising Drug to Stave off the COVID-19 Crisis: A Review
Authors: Jahan Zakia , Hassan Masudul
Published: January 2021

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, forcing us to face unprecedented moments in the world. The huge devastating impact of the world due to the covid-19 attack causes the brink of no return. However, there is no proven and specific treatment for Covid -19. Very few medications have received Emergency Use of Authorization. A recent in vitro study was the first time to find out and to assess the antiviral effect of Ivermectin on COVID-19. The study showed that Ivermectin was active against COVID- 19-infected cells, was able to kill effectively almost all viral particles within 48 h. In these moments of crisis, FDA-approved ivermectin is a ray of hope.

Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(2):95-98
Antimicrobial Resistanceamong Intensive Care Unit Patients in A Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Jesmin Humayra , Ahasan HAM Nazmul , Md Asaduzzaman - , Islam AKM Monwarul
Published: January 2021

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern specially among the critically ill patients who are often treated by multiple antibiotics. But, the data regarding the pattern of antimicrobial resistance in this population are often insufficient.

Objective: To observe the pattern of antimicrobial resistance among the patients admitted into the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methodology: This prospective observational study was carried out in the ICU of a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh over 6 months. Samples of blood, urine, tracheal aspirate, wound swab and pus were obtained from the patients, cultured and analyzed.

Results: Among 100 subjects, the most common primary diagnoses were aspiration pneumonia (29%) and urinary tract infection (UTI) (24%). Out of 315 samples, microorganisms were isolated from 125 samples (39.68%). The most common sample yielding positive culture was tracheal aspirate (67.2%), and the most frequently isolated microorganisms were Pseudomonas spp. (35%), Escherichia coli (28%), Acinetobacterspp. (24%) andKlebsiellaspp. (18%). Acinetobacterspp., Pseudomonasspp. and Klebsiellaspp.were the commonest resistant organisms. Overall prevalence of resistance to antibiotics were: ceftriaxone 72%, ceftazidime 78.4%, ciprofloxacin 81.6%, gentamicin 84%, meropenem 49.6% andnetilmicin 39.2%. Meropenem was the most sensitive antibiotic against Klebsiellaspp.(66.67%) but Acinetobacterspp.was still resistant to meropenem and amikacin but sensitive to cotrimoxazole (66.67%). Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and, Klebsiella species were found; piperacillin-tazobactam combination showed <40% resistance against them. No single antibiotic showed good efficacy against Acinetobacterspp.

Conclusion: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance is high among the ICU patients, and the majority of the isolated organisms are resistant to conventional antibiotics.

Bangladesh J Medicine January 2021; 32(1) : 5-11
Immunological aspects of COVID-19: what we know so far
Authors: Mamun Kazi Zulfiquer , Mahboob Nabeela , Mamun Kazi Taib , Iqbal Hasina , S Afrin
Published: January 2021

The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease that it causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) have changed the world. Many virulence factors and immune mechanisms contribute to the deteriorating effects during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both humoral and cellular immune responses are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. The clinical picture of COVID-19, immune memory and reinfection remains unclear and unpredictable. An electronic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google scholar was performed, and citation relevance was determined according to the aim of the review.Other relevant literature was manually searched as compliment. More than 60 relevant scientific articles and reports were considered. We have reviewed the literature describing immunological aspects of COVID-19.Through this review, we tried to explain theimmune pathogenesis of SARS CoV 2infection providing high-quality evidence to understand SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, its interaction with target cells and the immune response to the virus, including the contribution of dysfunctional immune responses to disease progression in patients with COVID-19, based on the recent research progress of SARS CoV 2 and the knowledge from researches on SARS CoV and MERS CoV. Different therapeutic options have been implemented to find effective, even though not specific, treatment to the disease, many hopes are put in developing an effective vaccine against the virus. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 may provide important clues for effective vaccine and treatments of this disease.

Bangladesh J Medicine January 2021; 32(1) : 43-52