bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Técnicas en las artes gráficas
Authors: García Fernández Pilar
Published: November 2013

La aparición de la fotografía y los procesos fotomecánicos han sido los responsables de uno de los mayores cambios en los hábitos y el conocimiento visual que jamás se hayan producido. Con la aparición de estos procedimientos, el concepto de grabado como medio de reproducción queda totalmente aniquilado, permitiendo una nueva visión y la posibilidad de establecer un eje de separación en la historia de la estampa entre lo que es el grabado de reproducción y el grabado original.
The Museum of the History of Science, Oxford
Authors: Bennett Jim
Published: November 2013

No disponible.
El Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Madrid: una realidad con un gran futuro
Authors: Sebastián Amparo
Published: November 2013

El Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Madrid), creado en 1980, fue fruto de la ilusión de muchas personalidades de la época especializadas en distintas materias vinculadas con la ciencia y la tecnología, quienes a su vez recogían la de las que habían comprendido desde finales de los años sesenta la enorme ausencia en este campo en nuestro país, siendo muy conscientes del enorme potencial didáctico y cultural, así como científico y tecnológico que ofrecían este tipo de centros.
El artículo describe el difícil desarrollo de este centro, afortunadamente hoy abierto al público tras una generación compleja y dificultosa que afortunadamente va tomando forma.
Neurological findings in early syphilis: a comparison between HIV positive and negative patients
Authors: González-Duarte Alejandra , López Zaira Medina
Published: November 2013

After a decade of steady decline, syphilis has reemerged within the past few years and it is seeping back into the HIV negative population. We describe herein 16 consecutive cases of neurosyphilis and compare its clinical characteristics. Of the 16 patients, 14 (87%) were men. Mean age at onset was 43 years old (range: 23-82). Twelve patients (75%) were HIV positive; stage was B2 in 2 patients, B3 and C2 in one patient each, and C3 in 8 patients. The clinical presentation was meningitis in 6 (40%), stroke in 3 (18%), ocular manifestations in 4 (27%), and psychiatric manifestations in 2 (13%) cases. Five additional patients had ocular involvement after a formal ophthalmologic examination. High venereal disease research laboratory test (VDRL) titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were found. Patients in C3 stage of HIV had less CSF pleocytosis (<5 cells/mm3) than patients in earlier stages (P=0.018). Disease onset was earlier in patients older than 50 years old with HIV (P=0.049). We found that meningitis, ocular manifestations and stroke were the most common clinical findings in early syphilis. Moreover, stroke included the carotid and cerebrobasilar vascular territories. CSF VDRL continues to be a crucial test in all idiopathic cases of meningitis, stroke and uveitis, regardless of the HIV status or CSF pleocytosis. Except for less pleocytosis, there were no important differences between HIV positive and HIV negative patients.
Association of the APOE, MTHFR and ACE genes polymorphisms and stroke in Zambian patients
Authors: Atadzhanov Masharip , Mwaba Mwila H. , Mukomena Patrice N. , Lakhi Shabir , Rayaprolu Sruti , Ross Owen A. , Meschia James F.
Published: November 2013

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of APOE, MTHFR and ACE polymorphisms with stroke in the Zambian population. We analyzed 41 stroke patients and 116 control subjects all of Zambian origin for associations between the genotype of the APOE, MTHFR and ACE polymorphisms and stroke. The APOE ε2ε4 genotype showed increased risk for hemorrhagic stroke (P<0.05) and also a high risk for ischemic stroke (P=0.05). There was complete absence of the APOE ε2ε2 and the MTHFR TT genotypes in the Zambian population. The difference between cases and controls was not significant for the other genetic variants when analyzed for relationship between stroke, stroke subtype and genotype. We show that genetic variation at the APOE locus affects susceptibility to stroke. No detectable association were observed for the MTHFR and ACE genotypes and stroke in the Zambian population.
Urinary dysfunction in women with multiple sclerosis: analysis of 61 patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: De Almeida Camila Rodrigues , Carneiro Kennedy , Fiorelli Rossano , Orsini Marco , Alvarenga Regina Maria Papais
Published: November 2013

The aim of the present study is to describe the type and frequency of bladder dysfunction in a series of female patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) from Rio de Janeiro, and analyze the role of the urologist in the multidisciplinary team. A team of urologists and a neurologist from the Hospital da Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, interviewed female patients with MS about illness onset, urologic follow-up since diagnosis, current stage of the disease and current urological symptoms. The interview was followed by an urodynamic testing, ultrasound of the urinary tract and urinalysis. Data resulting from the interviews and exam results were gathered and submitted to statistical evaluation. Sixty one patients were evaluated, with average age of 41.4 years. Urinary symptoms such as urinary incontinence, urinary hesitancy, urinary retention, urinary urgency and incomplete bladder emptying were reported in 44% of patients as initial signs of MS disease. Mean disease duration was 8 years and all patients (100%) with the primary progressive form of the disease and 63.5% with the relapsing-remitting presentation had urological symptoms. Analysis of complementary exams showed that 37.7% of urinalysis, 8.2% of the urinary tract ultrasound exams and 66.7% of the urodynamic evaluations were abnormal and the most frequent abnormality were overactive neurogenic bladder. Only 4 patients (6.6%) had seen an urologist during the course of their disease and only 1.6% had performed an urodynamic evaluation. This study shows a high prevalence (68%) of urinary dysfunction in a female population with MS. Urologic care should be part of the multidisciplinary team since the beginning of the disease. An urodynamic evaluation and simple urinalysis should be included in the routine testing during disease follow-up due to the high incidence of neurogenic bladder and other urologic complications.
IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA AMONG PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA: STILL A RARE DIAGNOSIS?
Authors: Akodu Olufemi Samuel , Kehinde Omolara Adeolu , Diaku-Akinwumi Ijeoma Nnena , Njokanma Olisamedua Fidelis
Published: November 2013

Background: The frequent need for blood transfusion in children with SCA creates the impression that IDA is rare in this class of children. Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of IDA in a population of under-five children with SCA in Lagos, Nigeria. Methodology: Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin were assayed in 97 under-five children with SCA and 97 age/sex matched controls. The diagnosis of IDA was established based on the following criteria: haemoglobin <11.0 g/dl plus two or more of the following: MCV <70fl, transferrin saturation (Ts) <16% or serum ferritin (SF) <25ng/dL Results: Overall prevalence of IDA was significantly higher among AA controls. In the younger age group, the prevalence of IDA was significantly higher among HbAA controls while in the older age group the odds of having IDA was three times higher among HbSS subjects but the difference was not statistically significant. Two of the three SCA children with IDA have history of previous blood transfusion. Conclusion: IDA is uncommon in pre-school aged children with SCA. A multi-centre study is necessary to yield large number of transfused subjects to examine the effects of blood transfusion on prevalence of IDA.
A new myth regarding the Great Trek: Reinvention of identity in Die pad na skuilhoek [The path toSkuilhoek] by Hans du Plessis.
Authors: Taljard Marlies
Published: November 2013

This article aims to illustrate how Hans du Plessis, in his novel Die pad na Skuilhoek [The path to Skuilhoek] (a place of shelter), subverts the way in which history had been presented in historical novels in the past by addressing social issues that contemporary readers find relevant. The first part of the article deals with the social codes that shape the identities of the main characters and how these identities are relevant in terms of the social framework within which the novel is received. In the second place the focus will shift towards Du Plessis’s representation of cultural and national identities. The question: ‘Who were the Afrikaners at the time of the Great Trek?’ will be answered with reference to these identities. In conclusion it will be pointed out how Du Plessis avoids dated practices of historical interpretation by choosing ecocrticism as the ideological framework for his novel and is, in this way, constructing a new social myth about the Great Trek.
Stability of solutions of evolution equations
Authors: Cialdea Alberto , Lanzara Flavia
Published: November 2013

While the choice of a norm in the space where an evolution problem is posed is ineffective as far as the smoothness properties of the solution with respect to the space variables are concerned, the asymptotic behavior of this solution when

t \to + \infty

is greatly effected by a change of the norm in the space. We illustrate this consideration by studying existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behavior for the solution of a simple but very significant evolution problem.
On the regularity theory of bi-Sobolev mappings
Authors: Capone Claudia , Formica Maria Rosaria , Giova Raffaella , Schiattarella Roberta
Published: November 2013

Let

\Omega, \Omega' \subset \mathbb R^2

be bounded domains and let

f :\Omega \to \Omega'

be a bi-Sobolev mapping. We provide regularity properties for the inverse map

f^{–1}

under suitable assumptions on

q

-distortion function of

f

.
Focal mechanism and depth of the 1956 Amorgos twin earthquakes from waveform matching of analogue seismograms
Authors: Brüstle A. , Friederich W. , Meier T. , Gross C.
Published: November 2013

Abstract. Historic analogue seismograms of the large 1956 Amorgos twin earthquakes which occurred in the volcanic arc of the Hellenic Subduction Zone (HSZ) were collected, digitized and reanalyzed to obtain refined estimates of their depth and focal mechanism. In total, 80 records of the events from 29 European stations were collected and, if possible, digitized. In addition, bulletins were searched for instrument parameters required to calculate transfer functions for instrument correction. A grid search based on matching the digitized historic waveforms to complete synthetic seismograms was then carried out to infer optimal estimates for depth and focal mechanism. Owing to incomplete or unreliable information on instrument parameters and frequently occurring technical problems during recording such as writing needles jumping off mechanical recording systems, much less seismograms than collected proved suitable for waveform matching. For the first earthquake, only 7 seismograms from three different stations (STU, GTT, COP) could be used. Nevertheless, the grid search produces stable optimal values for both source depth and focal mechanism. Our results indicate a shallow hypocenter at about 25 km depth. The best-fitting focal mechanism is a SW–NE-trending normal fault dipping either by 30° towards SE or 60° towards NW. This finding is consistent with the local structure of the Santorini–Amorgos graben. For the second earthquake, 4 seismograms from three different stations (JEN, GTT, COP) proved suitable for waveform matching. Whereas it was impossible to obtain meaningful results for the focal mechanism owing to surface wave coda of the first event overlapping body wave phases of the second event, waveform matching and time-frequency analysis point to a considerably deeper hypocenter located within the Wadati–Benioff-zone of the subducting African plate at about 120–160 km depth.
The changes of the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) due to nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Musilová Janette , Lachman Jaromí­r , Bystrická Judita , Poláková Zuzana , Kováčik Peter , Hrabovská Diana
Published: November 2013

Cultivar is one of the most important internal factors affecting polyphenol concentration in the plants. However, influence of the grown locality, climate conditions and way of cultivation belong to important external factors. In our experiment the influence of different nitrogen doses (0 - 40 - 80 - 120 - 160 - 240 kg N.ha-1) applied in the form of Vermikompost on the total polyphenol content and derived total antioxidant activity in cv. Sorento were investigated. While in the 1st - 5th variants the determined polyphenol content in dry mater of potato tubers decreased from 399.2 to 70.40 mg.kg-1, in the 6th variant that was twice higher in comparison to the 5th variants (135.6 mg.kg-1). The statistically significant differences in values of total polyphenol content between variants (polynomial function of 2nd degree) were confirmed. The study also confirmed a strong statistical correlation between the content of polyphenols and the content of antioxidant activity has been confirmed(sign. F: 3.24E-10). The highest value of antioxidant activity was observed in the first variant. From the first to the fifth variant (7.62 - 4.84%), the value of antioxidant activity was decreasing and in the sixth variant this value increased to 6.31%.
Quality and availability of organic foods by Slovak consumers
Authors: Kozelová Dagmar , Vietoris Vladimí­r , Fikselová Martina
Published: November 2013

The increasing consumer demand for organic products caused that the organic food market has expanded in all continents of the world. Organic foods represent a specific segment of the food market. Currently land area farmed organically in Slovakia represents 9% of the total agricultural land. In this work we identified organic foods purchase by Slovak consumers, the availability, reasons of purchase and quality assortment of organic foods at the Slovak market. Questionnaire survey involved 271 respondents. The Hierarchical multiple factor analysis was used for the segregation and classification of consumers into representative groups. The group of respondents was based on algorithms divided into three groups. In the first group of respondents, prevalent are responses that assortment is not sufficient and no answer, in the second group think that organic food assortment is not sufficient, and in the third group of respondents also dominates opinion that is not sufficient. At the question of organic food quality in all three groups is prevalent opinion that it is rather high, in the first group nearly the third of respondents considered the quality of organic foods as rather low, in the second group of respondents is rate: „rather low“ response and „rather high“ almost equal. In the third group of respondents strongly dominated response that the quality of organic food is rather high. Regarding the availability of organic products at the Slovak market, 16% of respondents considered it to be sufficient, 54% of consumers considered assortment as not enough available for all. We also analyzed the reasons of buying organic food. 42% of respondents reported that the main reason for buying organic food is a concern for the environment and landscape, 33% of respondents state it is a pleasure and the opportunity to try something unusual, 11% reported confidence in the quality of organic food and 7% their health care. Environmental education in the family since childhood and the opinions of friends significantly influence consumers when buying food and organic food. We assume that, organic food will be processed minimally in the future. Consumer demand for organic food we recommend to increase by increased support of the direct sales, informing about quality of organic foods and their beneficial effects on the human body at basic and secondary schools, organizing of excursions to organic farms and processing companies.
Alpha-fetoprotein and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 producing advanced adenocarcinoma of renal pelvis and ureter
Authors: Yang Kai , Zheng Xiang-Yi , Wang Yan-Li , Zhao Kui
Published: November 2013

Tumour markers producing primary adenocarcinoma of upper urinary tract is extremely rare. We report a case of advanced adenocarcinoma of renal pelvis and ureter with highly elevated serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). This 66-year-old man was diagnosed with left renal pelvic and ureteral tumours with para-aortic lymph node swelling, with no evidence of abnormality in his digestive or reproductive system. He was successfully treated with left nephroureterectomy and lymph node dissection followed by gemcitabine/carboplatin chemotherapy and the serum levels of AFP and CA19-9 decreased to normal. Pathological examination revealed a moderately or poorly differentiated intestinal-type adenocarcinoma with para-aortic lymph node metastasis. The patient was followed up for 11 months after surgery without recurrence.
Regional differences in practice patterns and outcomes in patients treated with radical cystectomy in a universal health care system
Authors: Bachir Bassel G. , Aprikian Armen G. , Fradet Yves , Chin Joseph L. , Izawa Jonathan , Rendon Ricardo , Estey Eric , Fairey Adrian , Cagiannos Ilias , Lacombe Louis , Lattouf Jean-Baptiste , Bell David , Saad Fred , Drachenberg Darrel , Kassouf Wassim
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Our objective is to assess differences in practice patterns and outcomes across 3 regions in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy under a universal healthcare system.Methods: In total, we included 2287 patients treated with radical cystectomy at 8 Canadian centres from 1998 to 2008. Variables included various clinico-pathologic parameters, recurrence, and death stratified into different regions.Results: In total, 1105 patients were from the east region (group1), 601 from the centre region (group 2), and 581 from the west region of Canada (group 3). The median follow-up of groups 1, 2, and 3 was 22.1, 17.1, and 28.6 months, respectively. Although the overall rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was low (3.1%), rates were higher in group 2 compared with groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.07). Continent diversions and extended lymphadenectomy were performed in 23.5%, 8.5%, 23.9% and 39.7%, 27.7%, 12.6% across groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in gender distribution, performance of lymphadenectomy, presence of concomitant carcinoma in situ and lymphovascular invasion across the 3 groups. There were no differences among the 3 geographical locations in terms of stage, surgical margin status, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy. The mean number of days from the transurethral resection of the bladder tumour to cystectomy was 50, 79, 69 days for groups 1, 2, 3, respectively (p = 0.0006). The 5-year overall survival was 53.6%, 66.8%, and 52.4% for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p < 0.0001).Conclusions: Significant variations in practice patterns were noted across different geographic regions in a universal healthcare system. Use of continent diversions, extended lymphadenectomy, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains low across all 3 regions. Treatment delays are significant.
Can 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging accurately detect prostate cancer extracapsular extension?
Authors: Cerantola Yannick , Valerio Massimo , Kawkabani Marchini Aida , Meuwly Jean-Yves , Jichlinski Patrice
Published: November 2013

Background: Accurate staging is essential to determine the correct management of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. We assess the accuracy of 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with endorectal coil (3TemMRI) in detecting prostate cancer local extension.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts from January 2008 to July 2012 from all patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Patients were only included if 3TemMRI and radical prostatectomywere performed at our institution. Based on the presence of extracapsular extension (ECE) at 3TemMRI, prostate cancer was dichotomized into locally advanced or organ-confined disease. The accuracy of 3TemMRI local staging was then evaluated using definitive pathology as a reference.Results: Overall, 177 radical prostatectomies were performed within the timeframe. After applying exclusion criteria, 60 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean patient age was 67 ± 7 (standard deviation) years. Mean prostate-specific antigen value was 12.7 ± 12.7 ng/L. Based on preoperative characteristics, we considered 38 of the 60 patients (63%) patients high risk. 3TemMRI identified an organ-confined tumour in 46 patients and locally advanced disease in 14 patients. When correlated to final pathology, 3TemMRI specificity, sensitivity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy in detecting locally advanced prostate cancer were 90%, 35%, 57%, 79% and 62%, respectively.Interpretation: This study shows that the use of preoperative 3TemMRI can be used to identify organ-confined prostate cancer when locally advanced disease is suspected.
The comparison of laparoscopy, shock wave lithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal surgery for large proximal ureteral stones
Authors: Ozturk Ufuk , Şener Nevzat Can , Goktug H.N. Goksel , Gucuk Adnan , Nalbant Ismail , İmamoglu M. Abdurrahim
Published: November 2013

Introduction: In this study we compare the success rates and complication rates of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), laparoscopic, and ureteroscopic approaches for large (between 1 and 2 cm) proximal ureteral stones.Methods: In total, 151 patients with ureteral stones between 1 and 2 cm in diameter were randomized into 3 groups (52 SWL, 51 laparoscopy and 48 retrograde intrarenal surgery [RIRS]). The groups were compared for stone size, success rates, and complication rates using the modified Clavien grading system.Results: Stone burden of the groups were similar (p = 0.36). The success rates were 96%, 81% and 79%, respectively in the laparoscopy, SWL, and ureteroscopy groups. The success rate in laparoscopy group was significantly higher (p < 0.05). When these groups were compared for complication rates, RIRS seemed to bethe group with the lowest complication rates (4.11%) (p < 0.05). SWL and laparoscopy seem to have similar rates of complication (7.06% and 7.86%, respectively, p = 0.12).Interpretation: To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the results of laparoscopy, SWL and RIRS in ureteral stones. Our results showed that in management of patients with upper ureteral stones between 1 and 2 cm, laparoscopy is the most successful method based on its stone-free rates and acceptable complication rates. However, the limitations of our study are lack of hospital stay and cost-effectiveness data. Also, studies conducted on larger populations should support our findings. When a less invasive method is the only choice, SWL and flexible ureterorenoscopy methods have similar success rates. RIRS, however, has a lower complication rate than the other approaches.
Can the Hounsfield unit predict the success of medically expulsive therapy
Authors: Erturhan Sakip , Bayrak Omer , Mete Ahmet , Seckiner Ilker , Urgun Gokhan , Sarica Kemal
Published: November 2013

Background: We investigate the predictability of medical expulsive therapy (MET) success with alpha blockers based on Hounsfield unit (HU) values and Hounsfield density (HD) values measured by computed tomography (CT) for distal ureteral stones.Methods: Between July 2011 and May 2012, 44 patients (19 female and 25 male) with 5- to 10-mm stones in the distal ureters were included in this randomized prospective study. Non-contrast CT examinations were performed in these patients. HU and HD values of stones were calculated. Doxazosine, 4 mg/day orally, was administered as a single dose to all patients for MET.Results: Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 18 patients (43.9%) with dropped stones with MET. Group 2 included 23 patients (56.1%) with no stone passage with MET. In Group 1,the mean stone size was 7.7 mm, the mean HU was 507, and the HD was 53.04/mm. In Group 2, the mean stone size was 8.25 mm, the mean HU was 625, and the mean HD was 61.54/mm. The HU and HD values in Group 2 were higher than in Group 1. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.85 and 0.93 for HU and HD, respectively).Interpretation: We found that HU and HD values cannot be used to predict the chances of success for MET. Although the sample size is appropriate for the study, further comparative studies involving more patients are warranted.
Effects of low-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles on benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Yang Shao-ling , Tang Ke-qiang , Bai Wen-kun , Shen E. , Zhao Yi-wen , Lin Yan-duan , Nan Shu-liang , Bing Hu
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Our objective is to assess the effects of low-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles on benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Methods: Sixteen Beagle dogs with BPH were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 4): control group (without treatment), G1 group (injection with 2 mL of microbubble contrast agent); G2 group (21 kHz ultrasound); and G3 group (injection with 2 mL of microbubble contrast agent +21 kHz ultrasound). The histopathological damage to prostate cells was assessed via transmission electronmicroscopy and optical microscopy. The protein expressions of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) of vessels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Histopathologically, the prostate cells exhibited nuclear chromatin contraction, mitochondrial swelling, degranulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, basement membrane rupture and cell apoptosis in the G2 and G3 groups; it was especially obvious in the G3 group, while no changes were observed in the control and G1 groups. Although prostate volume using imaging was not significantly changed in all groups after treatment, PSA was significantly reduced in the G2 and G3 groups, and especially obvious in the G3 group (p < 0.05). The iNOS and SOD, which are important oxidative stress factors, significantly increased after treatment in the G2 and G3 groups, but not in the control and G1 groups (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Low-frequency ultrasound is effective in treating BPH; low-frequency ultrasound combined with microbubbles improves the treatment efficacy.
Achieving proficiency with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Laparoscopic-trained versus robotics-trained surgeons
Authors: Chang Allen , Derboghossians Armen , Kaswick Jennifer , Kim Brian , Jung Howard , Slezak Jeff , Wuerstle Melanie , Williams Stephen G. , Chien Gary W.
Published: November 2013

Background: Initiating a robotics program is complex, in regards to achieving favourable outcomes, effectively utilizing an expensive surgical tool, and granting console privileges to surgeons. We report the implementation of a community-based robotics program among minimally-invasive surgery (MIS) urologists with and without formal robotics training.Methods: From August 2008 to December 2010 at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 2 groups of urologists performing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) were followed since the time of robot acquisition at a single institution. The robotics group included 4 surgeons with formal robotics training and the laparoscopic group with another 4 surgeons who were robot-naïve, but skilled in laparoscopy. The laparoscopic group underwent an initial 7-day mentorship period. Surgical proficiency was measured by various operative and pathological outcome variables. Data were evaluated using comparative statistics and multivariate analysis.Results: A total of 420 and 549 RARPs were performed by the robotics and laparoscopic groups, respectively. Operative times were longer in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.002), but estimated blood loss was similar. The robotics group had a significantly better overall positive surgical margin rate of 19.9% compared to the laparoscopic group (27.8%) (p = 0.005). Both groups showed improvements in operative and pathological parameters as they accrued experience, and achieved similar results towards the end of the study.Conclusions: Robot-naïve laparoscopic surgeons may achieve similar outcomes to robotic surgeons relatively early after a graduated mentorship period. This study may apply to a community-based practice in which multiple urologists with varied training backgrounds are granted robot privileges.
The role of PSA density to predict a pathological tumour upgrade between needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy for low risk clinical prostate cancer in the modified Gleason system era
Authors: Sfoungaristos Stavros , Katafigiotis Ioannis , Perimenis Petros
Published: November 2013

Objectives: We evaluate the role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density to predict Gleason score upgrade between prostate biopsy material and radical prostatectomy specimen examination in patients with low-risk prostate cancer.Methods: Between January 2007 and November 2011, 133 low-risk patients underwent a radical prostatectomy. Using the modified Gleason criteria, tumour grade of the surgical specimens was examined and compared to the biopsy results.Results: A tumour upgrade was noticed in 57 (42.9%) patients. Organ-confined disease was found in 110 (82.7%) patients, while extracapsular disease and seminal vesicles invasion was found in 19 (14.3%) and 4 (3.0%) patients, respectively. Positive surgical margins were reported in 23 (17.3%) patients. A statistical significant correlation between the preoperative PSA density value and postoperative upgrade was found (p = 0.001) and this observation had a predictive value (p = 0.002); this is in contrast to the other studied parameters which failed to reach significance, including PSA, percentage of cancer in biopsy and number of biopsy cores. Tumour upgrade was also highly associated with extracapsularcancer extension (p = 0.017) and the presence of positive surgical margins (p = 0.017).Conclusions: PSA density represents a strong predictor for Gleason score upgrade after radical prostatectomy in patients with clinical low-risk disease. Since tumour upgrade increases the potential for postoperative pathological adverse findings and prognosis, PSA density should be considered when treating and consulting patients with low-risk prostate cancer.
Localized amyloidosis of the ureter: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ding Xiaobo , Wang Yanbo , Yan Xu , Wang Chunxi , Wang Yan
Published: November 2013

Localized amyloidosis of the ureter is a rare disease and can easily be confused with a neoplasm. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman who presented with loin pain and painless gross hematuria. We also reviewed the English literature about localized ureteral amyloidosis. Middle-aged women were likely to suffer from this disorder. Loin pain and hematuria were the main clinical features. There were no specific performance on radiologic imaging and ureteral calcification was not widespread. Compared to upper ureter and middle ureter, the lower ureter was the easiest involved part. Nephroureterectomy was the predominant treatment. Biopsies via a ureteroscope prior to surgery or intraoperative frozen section examination, which yielded the diagnosis of amyloidosis, could help to avoid unnecessary surgery. The use of dimethyl sulfoxide or follow-up with serial imaging may become a promising treatment.
Hydrogen sulfide is involved in the chilling stress response in Vitis vinifera L.
Authors: Fu Peining , Wang Wenjie , Hou Lixia , Liu Xin
Published: November 2013

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signaling molecule involved in several stress-resistance processes in plants, such as drought and heavy metal stresses. However, little is known about the roles of H2S in responses to chilling stress. In this paper, we demonstrated that chilling stress enhance the H2S levels, the H2S synthetase (L-/D-cysteine desulfhydrase, L/DCD) activities, and the expression of L/DCD gene in Vitis vinifera L. ‘F-242’. Furthermore, the seedlings were treated with sodium hydrosulﬁde (NaHS, a H2S donor) and hypotaurine (HT, a H2S scavenger) at 4°C to examine the effects of exogenous H2S on grape. The results revealed that the high activity of superoxide dismutase and enhanced expression of VvICE1 and VvCBF3 genes, but low level of super oxide anion radical, malondialdehyde content and cell membrane permeability were detected after addition of NaHS. In contrast, HT treatment displayed contrary effect under the chilling temperature. Taken together, these data suggested that H2S might be directly involved in the cold signal transduction pathway of grape.
C-Terminal-PEDF Reduces IC50 Doses and Chemoresistant Population of CD133 and BCRP1-Positve Cancer Stem Like Cells
Authors: Paola   Castro-Garcia  , Carmen   Gil-Gas  , Paloma   Honrubia-Gómez  , Carmen   Belen      Alvarez-Simón  , Jesús-José  Ferré-Fernández  , Francisco  Sánchez-Sánchez  , Jose  Luis  Sánchez-Sánchez  , Jose  Mª  Garcia-Bueno  , Sebastiá  Sabater  , Guadalupe  Aparicio  , Luis Miguel Antón-Aparicio  , Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo
Published: November 2013

We report on two patients, successfully treated by the combination therapy of gemcitabine and 24-h intravenous infusion of cisplatin, who were initially diagnosed with node-positive advanced urothelial cancer. Each patient had a very good clinical response and underwent curative radical surgery after gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy. A microscopically detailed examination of surgically obtained specimens showed the complete disappearance of malignant cells in the two cases. As a pilot study, we have used the regimen of gemcitabine plus 24-h continuous infusion of cisplatin, instead of bolus injection, for the treatment of 20 patients with node-positive or metastatic urothelial cancer. The clinical response rate in this regimen was 75% (complete response 7/20; 35%, partial response 8/20; 40%). The median overall survival was 665 days. As for the adverse effects, the incidences of severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia (grade 3-4) were 20% and 15%, which might be less toxic than conventional gemcitabine plus cisplatin therapy. The 24-h infusion of cisplatin combined with gemcitabine can be highly recommended as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced urothelial cancer.
EPISTEMOLOGIA DA NEUROPSICOLOGIA: FUNDAMENTOS CIENTÍFICOS DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE CÉREBRO E COMPORTAMENTO
Authors: De Lima Davi Sidnei , Jaworski de Sá Riechi Tatiana Izabele
Published: November 2013

O advento das neurociências possibilitou a criação de modelos de interpretação das atividades mentais, e os conhecimentos alcançados com o auxílio das novas tecnologias têm redefinido conceitos e concepções sobre o ser humano. Nesse contexto, o estudo das relações entre o substrato neurológico e as funções psicológicas superiores é objeto da neuropsicologia. O desenvolvimento teórico e prático da neuropsicologia é ensejo para uma abordagem epistemológica, tendo em vista os diferentes modelos científicos construídos. Na apresentação dos fundamentos científicos da neuropsicologia será definida a noção de ciência, a reflexão epistemológica em torno do desenvolvimento das ciências e, a partir da perspectiva histórica, a constituição da neuropsicologia como área cientifica e as demandas contemporâneas dos novos aparatos tecnológicos. A reflexão epistemológica promove o aprofundamento do pensamento neuropsicológico, despertando para a necessidade de precisão conceitual e de medidas, formação de plataformas de dados neuropsicológicos e adoção das novas tecnologias.
A revisão das antinomias na psicologia: Do racionalismo cientificista ao estruturalismo
Authors: Saretta Verissimo Danilo
Published: November 2013

Neste ensaio, sustentamos a ideia de que o pensamento estruturalista faz parte da crítica espontânea aos reducionismos que cercam a psicologia. Partimos da cisão radical entre o ponto de vista cientificista e o da metafísica que se expressa nos projetos de psicologia científica do fim do século XIX. Em seguida, destacamos a importância da perspectiva estruturalista na revisão das relações antinômicas do subjetivo e do objetivo operada no seio da Psicologia ao longo do século XX. Mostramos que a rejeição da causalidade unilinear em prol da causalidade em rede freou o avanço das teorias unilaterais, ou reducionistas, na psicologia. Consideramos, ademais, a ideia de estrutura como ponto de convergência entre a psicologia e a filosofia. Acima de seu caráter explicativo, a noção de estrutura revela um registro epistemológico capaz de reaproximar a psicologia da relativização do ideal de neutralidade cientificista. A importância do pensamento estruturalista na psicologia conduz-nos à consideração da história do conhecimento psicológico enquanto tipo de investigação pertencente à história da cultura.
COMPARTILHAMENTOS E SINGULARIZAÇÕES: A CONSTITUIÇÃO SOCIAL DA SUBJETIVIDADE
Authors: Lima dos Santos Gilberto , Chaves Antônio Marcos
Published: November 2013

Neste estudo, propõe-se o conceito de singularização como mais uma possibilidade de aproximação à compreensão de como a subjetividade é constituída socialmente, de acordo com a abordagem da psicologia histórico-cultural. Inicia-se com uma retrospectiva histórica da introdução do sentido e do significado na psicologia, ao longo da Modernidade, marcada por resistências à consideração da cultura na constituição dos fenômenos psicológicos. A partir daí, discutem-se os aportes teóricos trazidos pelos conceitos de internalização, apropriação e conversão. Essa discussão aponta a falta de uma explicação para a transformação do conhecimento coletivo em conhecimento individual sem viés dualista. Conclui-se, por fim, que o conceito de singularização ressalta o caráter ativo do sujeito e sua ação interpretativa, ao criar versões singulares para os significados, ao mesmo tempo em que os reproduz nos intercâmbios sociais. Esclarece-se, ainda, que essas versões são baseadas nos sentidos, os quais, por sua vez, são articulados com a história, as motivações e as intenções do sujeito, bem como com o contexto de sua ação.
Algumas considerações sobre os homens no contexto da violência contra a mulher
Authors: Chaves Lima Maria Lúcia , Pimentel Méllo Ricardo
Published: November 2013

Este trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar os lugares geralmente destinados aos homens no contexto da violência contra a mulher. Como metodologia, fez-se uso de entrevistas com os profissionais que atuam na Delegacia da Mulher de Belém (PA), bem como observação atenta no cotidiano desse espaço. Como resultados da pesquisa, pode-se dizer que o ponto-chave da discussão foi uma nova naturalização: a “essência” violenta do homem abre espaço à socialização em uma cultura machista. Porém, mesmo considerando esses homens mais como “pais de família” do que “criminosos”, a prisão ainda é o encaminhamento mais indicado. No máximo, adiciona- se ao encarceramento algum atendimento psicológico que funcionaria como uma forma de reeducação, um instrumento para adestrar e corrigir esses homens considerados “anormais”. Conclui-se que, mais do que aprisionar os homens autores de violência ou oferecer um “tratamento psicológico” que sirva como mais uma tecnologia de controle, seria interessante proporcionar um espaço de escuta para homens e mulheres envolvidos em relacionamentos violentos; um espaço no qual seja possível instaurar a dúvida nos convictos padrões de gênero que produzem as situações de violência conjugal.
Stress distribution on maxillary central incisorunder similar traumatic situations with different loading forces: a 3-D finite element analysis.
Authors: Silva Bruno Rocha da , Ferreira Nayane Cavalcante , Neto José Jeová Siebra Moreira- , Jr Francisco Ilson da Silva , Teixeira Edson Holanda , Aguiar Andréa Silvia Walter de
Published: November 2013

Aim: The present study aimed to analyze the stress distribution in the dentoalveolar structures of a maxillary central incisor submitted to two situations of impact loading. Materials and Methods: The following loading forces were applied using a three-dimensional finite element model: a force of 500 N at an angle of 45° on the buccal surface of the crown and a 2000 N force acting in the same direction and surface of the tooth. Results: Harmful stress was observed in the second situation, suggesting damage to both the tooth and adjacent tissue. However, the damage found in soft tissues such as dental pulp, was negligible. Conclusion: Injuries resulting from the traumatic situations were more damaging to the integrity of the tooth and its associated hard-tissue structures. Uniterms: Tooth injuries. Finite element analysis. Biomechanics. Computing methodologies. Threedimensional imaging.
Microbial susceptibility of bacteria and fungi against extracts of Psidium guajava L.: in vitro evaluation
Authors: Silva Rafael Menezes , Dourado Maurício da Rocha , Penha Marcela Quintão , Campos Luana Gischewski , Carvalho Monize Ferreira Figueiredo de , Júnior Donaldo Rosa Pires
Published: November 2013

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts from leaves of P. guajava on four bacterial and two fungal samples to determine the range of minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts. Material and Methods: The antimicrobial activity of extracts of different polarities was compared using the agar dilution method. Differences in susceptibility to the active ingredient could be observed. Results: The results showed that the hydroalcoholic extract was active against Escherichia coli (1024 μg/ml) and Bacillus cereus (900 μg/ml). The aqueous extract showed no antimicrobial activity. Conclusions: Despite demonstrating antimicrobial efficiency, the P. guajava extract may be insufficient or may require a higher concentration to be fully effective.Uniterms: Psidium. Products with antimicrobial action. Traditional medicine.
Potencialidades e fragilidades da agenda: organização do atendimento clínico nas equipes de saúde da família
Authors: Costa Simone de Melo , Medeiros Alice Batista , Dias André Costa Alencar , Silva José Rodrigo da , Rodrigues Carlos Alberto Quintão , Leite Maísa Tavares de Souza
Published: November 2013

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as potencialidades e fragilidades na construção da agenda, no âmbito da saúde da família, a partir da percepção do profissional acerca da organização do atendimento clínico. Materiais e métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal e censitário, realizado no PETSaúde. Utilizou-se questionário semiestruturado e autoaplicado. Resultados: Participaram 95 profissionais de nível superior, enfermeiros, médicos e cirurgiões-dentistas do município de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais,Brasil. Os profissionais atendem ao dia uma média de 15,49(±6,87) pessoas, apesar de considerarem ideal 13,13(±5,13) atendimentos. A organização da agenda clínica foi classificada em “moderadamente ou pouco organizada” para 48,4% dos profissionais. O atendimento domiciliar é realizado (91,6%). Critérios de risco foram incorporados para priorizar a assistência (78,9%), com maior reserva para a demanda programada (70,5%). Conclusão: Apesar de potencialidades na agenda, existem desafios a enfrentar. O gerenciamentodo sistema de saúde na atenção primária sugere valorizar o aspecto quantitativo como essencial para uma prática produtivista, o que estrangula o bom funcionamento e organização da agenda clínica na saúde dafamília.Descritores: Agendamento de consultas. Saúde pública. Atenção primária à saúde. Saúde da família.
Condição gengival de adolescentes residentes no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais.
Authors: Leite Lorena Olegário , Fonseca Emílio Prado , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e , Vargas Andréa Maria Duarte , Palmier Andréa Clemente , Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães de
Published: November 2013

Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever a condição gengival de adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo foi realizado com amostra calculadade 450 indivíduos em treze municípios selecionados de forma aleatória simples, após estratificação dos mesmos de acordo com porte populacional e o desempenho do serviço de saúde bucal municipal. A avaliaçãoda condição gengival foi analisada por um único examinador calibrado (Kappa≥0,85). O instrumento da análise utilizado foi um questionário com variáveis sociodemográficas e hábitos, respondido individualmente por cadaadolescente. Para os dados clínicos, utilizou-se-se a codificação 0, 1 e 2 do Índice Periodontal Comunitário (CPI) realizado no local de residência do adolescente, com utilização de sonda periodontal tipo OMS. Aavaliação foi obtida classificando: ausência de alteração gengival; apresentação de sangramento gengival à sondagem; presença de cálculo dentário; e presença de cálculo dentário e sangramento gengival. Resultados:Dos 450 adolescentes examinados, 16 (3,55%) apresentaram-se sem alterações gengivais, 235 (52,22%) com sangramento, 36 (8,00%) com cálculo dentário e 163 (36,22%) com sangramento e cálculo. De um total de2699 sextantes, 791 (29,30%) estavam hígidos, 1392 (51,56%) com sangramento, 94 (3,48%) com cálculo e 422 (15,63%) com sangramento e cálculo e um sextante estava perdido (0,03%). Conclusão: Uma importanteproporção de adolescentes apresenta-se com sangramento e cálculo.Descritores: Adolescente. Gengivite. Epidemiologia. Saúde bucal.
Prática da promoção e educação em saúde bucal nos hospitais de grande porte da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
Authors: Miclos Paula Vitali , Junior Manoelito Ferreira Silva , Oliveira Cecília Maria Soares Carvalho , Oliveira Maria Aparecida de
Published: November 2013

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o estágio atual das práticas de promoção e educação em saúde bucal no contexto da Odontologia Hospitalar em hospitais de grande porte da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte-MG (RMBH). Materiais e Métodos: Este é um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. Para a determinação do grupo amostral foi utilizado os critérios de inclusão: hospitais localizados na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, ser categorizado como de grande porte, oferecer algum tipo de especialidadeodontológica, independente do vínculo empregatício do cirurgião-dentista. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado, realizado por apenas uma pesquisadora, dirigido ao cirurgião-dentista responsáveldo setor odontológico. Após utilização dos critérios, dos 21 hospitais de grande porte da RMBH, apenas 14 possuem cirurgião-dentista em seu corpo clínico. Os dados coletados foram tabulados no em banco de dadosExcel 2003 (Microsoft) em frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: Verificou-se em 2008 que 71,4% dos hospitais com cirurgiões-dentistas realizavam procedimentos educativos. Sobre os métodos de educaçãoem saúde encontraram-se as ações individuais como as mais utilizadas (80,0%), as palestras e as técnicas de escovação ocorrem na maioria deles (60,0%) e, em menor proporção, mas não menos importante, em20,0% dos hospitais aplica-se a técnica de escovação supervisionada. Os temas mais abordados em atividades educativas foram: uso da escova e fio dental em 100,0% dos casos, dieta cariogênica, uso de antissépticosbucais e interferência das condições bucais sobre a saúde geral do paciente em 90,0%. Conclusão: Verificouse que a maioria dos hospitais da RMGV realizam educação e promoção de saúde bucal. Estas práticasindependentes do tipo de procedimento educativo executado devem estar consolidadas no contexto hospitalar, afim de, fortalecer e justificar a necessidade deste profissional nos hospitais.Descritores: Promoção da saúde. Educação em saúde bucal. Equipe hospitalar de odontologia.