bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast Power and Energy Management for Future Many-Core Systems
Authors: Liu Yanpei , Cox Guilherme , Deng Qingyuan , Draper Stark C. , Bianchini Ricardo
Published: September 2017

Future servers will incorporate many active low-power modes for each core and for the main memory subsystem. Though these modes provide flexibility for power and/or energy management via Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS), prior work has shown that they must be managed in a coordinated manner. This requirement creates a combinatorial space of possible power mode configurations. As a result, it becomes increasingly challenging to quickly select the configuration that optimizes for both performance and power/energy efficiency.

In this article, we propose a novel queuing model for working with the abundant active low-power modes in many-core systems. Based on the queuing model, we derive two fast algorithms that optimize for performance and efficiency using both CPU and memory DVFS. Our first algorithm, called FastCap, maximizes the performance of applications under a full-system power cap, while promoting fairness across applications. Our second algorithm, called FastEnergy, maximizes the full-system energy savings under predefined application performance loss bounds. Both FastCap and FastEnergy operate online and efficiently, using a small set of performance counters as input. To evaluate them, we simulate both algorithms for a many-core server running different types of workloads. Our results show that FastCap achieves better application performance and fairness than prior power capping techniques for the same power budget, whereas FastEnergy conserves more energy than prior energy management techniques for the same performance constraint. FastCap and FastEnergy together demonstrate the applicability of the queuing model for managing the abundant active low-power modes in many-core systems.
Separations in Query Complexity Based on Pointer Functions
Authors: Ambainis Andris , Balodis Kaspars , Belovs Aleksandrs , Lee Troy , Santha Miklos , Smotrovs Juris
Published: September 2017

In 1986, Saks and Wigderson conjectured that the largest separation between deterministic and zero-error randomized query complexity for a total Boolean function is given by the function
f
on
n
= 2

k

bits defined by a complete binary tree of NAND gates of depth
k
, which achieves
R
0
(
f
) =
O
(
D
(
f
)
0.7537…
). We show that this is false by giving an example of a total Boolean function
f
on
n
bits whose deterministic query complexity is Ω(
n
) while its zero-error randomized query complexity is Õ(√
n
). We further show that the quantum query complexity of the same function is Õ(
n
1/4
), giving the first example of a total function with a super-quadratic gap between its quantum and deterministic query complexities.

We also construct a total Boolean function
g
on
n
variables that has zero-error randomized query complexity Ω(
n
/ log (
n
)) and bounded-error randomized query complexity
R
(
g
) = Õ(√
n
). This is the first super-linear separation between these two complexity measures. The exact quantum query complexity of the same function is
Q
E
(
g
) = Õ(√
n
).

These functions show that the relations
D
(
f
) =
O
(
R
1
(
f
)
2
) and
R
0
(
f
) = Õ(
R
(
f
)
2
) are optimal, up to polylogarithmic factors. Further variations of these functions give additional separations between other query complexity measures: a cubic separation between
Q
and
R
0
, a 3/2-power separation between
Q
E
and
R
, and a 4th-power separation between approximate degree and bounded-error randomized query complexity.

All of these examples are variants of a function recently introduced by Göös, Pitassi, and Watson, which they used to separate the unambiguous 1-certificate complexity from deterministic query complexity and to resolve the famous Clique versus Independent Set problem in communication complexity.
Intelligent Disaster Response via Social Media Analysis A Survey
Authors: Nazer Tahora H. , Xue Guoliang , Ji Yusheng , Liu Huan
Published: September 2017

The success of a disaster relief and response process is largely dependent on timely and accurate information regarding the status of the disaster, the surrounding environment, and the a ected people. This information is primarily provided by rst responders on-site and can be enhanced by the firsthand reports posted in real-time on social media. Many tools and methods have been developed to automate disaster relief by extracting, analyzing, and visualizing actionable information from social media. However, these methods are not well integrated in the relief and response processes and the relation between the two requires exposition for further advancement. In this survey, we review the new frontier of intelligent disaster relief and response using social media, show stages of disasters which are reflected on social media, establish a connection between proposed methods based on social media and relief efforts by rst responders, and outline pressing challenges and future research directions.
A Model of Surface Residual Stress Distribution of Cold Rolling Spline
Authors: Ding Z. H. , Cui F. K. , Liu Y. B. , Li Y. , Xie K. G.
Published: September 2017

Residual stress is an important parameter in the evaluation of the performance of a cold rolling spline surface. However, research on cold rolling spline is rare. To improve the surface property of a spline, an involute spline is selected as the object of this study. The contour method for determining cold roll‐beating residual stress involves measuring the force spatial distribution, performing a statistical analysis of the experimental results, establishing the parameters for the tooth profile for different positions (dedendum, pitch, and addendum) of residual stress, and determining the effect of pressure on the relationship between stress and the depth of the cold roll‐beating. A response surface method is used to establish the spline tooth profile of the dedendum, pitch, and addendum of the residual stress and different depths of the stress layer to obtain the parameters of a multiple regression model and perform a comparative analysis of the experimental and prediction results. Research indicates that the prediction results have high reliability. The establishment of this model has important guiding significance to control the residual stress in the cold roll‐beating forming process, optimize the cold roll‐beating processing parameters, and improve the surface properties of cold rolling spline.
Reverse Fosbury Flop Tear of the Rotator Cuff
Authors: Tirefort Jérôme , Cunningham Gregory , Lädermann Alexandre
Published: September 2017

Introduction. “Fosbury flop” tear is an avulsion of the posterosuperior rotator cuff from the bone with reversal healing on its medial bursal-side. This case report describes a unique variant of Fosbury flop tear with a lesion of the musculotendinous junction that healed, for its tendon part, on the anterior humerus and coracoid process. Case Presentation. A 62-year-old man developed a posttraumatic painful shoulder with active loss of range of motion. Magnetic resonance arthrography demonstrated a lesion of the musculotendinous junction of the supraspinatus with healing of the tendon on the above-mentioned structures (reverse Fosbury flop). During arthroscopic evaluation, tendon repair was not possible and a debridement to avoid subacromial and anterior impingement associated with a tenotomy of the long head of the biceps were carried out. One year postoperatively, the patient had complete range of motion and was satisfied with the clinical results. Discussion and Conclusion. Different Fosbury flop tears exist. Radiologists and orthopedic surgeons should be aware of these tear patterns as failure to recognize them may lead to inadequate treatment.
DNA Methylation as a Noninvasive Epigenetic Biomarker for the Detection of Cancer
Authors: Leygo Catherine , Williams Marissa , Jin Hong Chuan , Chan Michael W. Y. , Chu Wai Kit , Grusch Michael , Cheng Yuen Yee
Published: September 2017

In light of the high incidence and mortality rates of cancer, early and accurate diagnosis is an important priority for assigning optimal treatment for each individual with suspected illness. Biomarkers are crucial in the screening of patients with a high risk of developing cancer, diagnosing patients with suspicious tumours at the earliest possible stage, establishing an accurate prognosis, and predicting and monitoring the response to specific therapies. Epigenetic alterations are innovative biomarkers for cancer, due to their stability, frequency, and noninvasive accessibility in bodily fluids. Epigenetic modifications are also reversible and potentially useful as therapeutic targets. Despite this, there is still a lack of accurate biomarkers for the conclusive diagnosis of most cancer types; thus, there is a strong need for continued investigation to expand this area of research. In this review, we summarise current knowledge on methylated DNA and its implications in cancer to explore its potential as an epigenetic biomarker to be translated for clinical application. We propose that the identification of biomarkers with higher accuracy and more effective detection methods will enable improved clinical management of patients and the intervention at early-stage disease.
Nasal Cytology as a Marker of Atopy in Children
Authors: Mierzejewska Anna , Jung Anna , Kalicki Bolesław
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytological picture of nasal mucosa in children with atopic diseases and to determine the diagnostic value of the test for the diagnosis of atopic diseases. The study included 140 children from 4 months to 17 years old. Among children with a history of atopy, there were 30 children with atopic dermatitis, 30 children with asthma, and 46 children with allergic rhinitis. The control group consisted of 34 healthy children. The nasal scraping technique has been used to collect samples from the nasal cavity. The samples were evaluated under light microscope. Epithelial cells as well as infiltrating cells were assessed. The only statistically significant group of cells differentiating children with atopic disease and without atopy were eosinophils, which in children with atopy were significantly more common. Assuming a significant eosinophilia value of at least 5% of all cells in cytogram, the sensitivity of nasal cytology in allergic rhinitis was 52.2%, in asthma 33.3%, and in atopic dermatitis 13.3%. The specificity of the test in atopic diseases was 94.1%. It can be concluded that nasal cytology with eosinophilia assessment can be a useful tool for an early diagnosis of atopic disease in children.
Stabilization of a Network of the FitzHugh–Nagumo Oscillators by Means of a Single Capacitor Based RC Filter Feedback Technique
Authors: Adomaitienė Elena , Bumelienė Skaidra , Mykolaitis Gytis , Tamaševičius Arūnas
Published: September 2017

We suggest employing the first-order stable RC filters, based on a single capacitor, for control of unstable fixed points in an array of oscillators. A single capacitor is sufficient to stabilize an entire array, if the oscillators are coupled strongly enough. An array, composed of 24 to 30 mean-field coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) type asymmetric oscillators, is considered as a case study. The investigation has been performed using analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. The analytical study is based on the mean-field approach, characteristic equation for finding the eigenvalue spectrum, and the Routh–Hurwitz stability criteria using low-rank Hurwitz matrix to calculate the threshold value of the coupling coefficient. Experiments have been performed with a hardware electronic analog, imitating dynamical behavior of an array of the FHN oscillators.
Interactions between Neighbourhood Urban Form and Socioeconomic Status and Their Associations with Anthropometric Measurements in Canadian Adults
Authors: McCormack Gavin R. , Friedenreich Christine , McLaren Lindsay , Potestio Melissa , Sandalack Beverly , Csizmadi Ilona
Published: September 2017

Neighbourhood-level socioeconomic composition and built context are correlates of weight-related behaviours. We investigated the relations between objective measures of neighbourhood design and socioeconomic status (SES) and their interaction, in relation to self-reported waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of Canadian adults (n=851from 12 Calgary neighbourhoods). WC and BMI were higher among residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods, independent of neighbourhood design (grid, warped grid, and curvilinear street patterns) and individual-level characteristics (sex, age, education, income, dog ownership, marital status, number of dependents, motor vehicle access, smoking, sleep, mental health, physical health, and past attempts to modify bodyweight). The association between neighbourhood-level SES and WC was modified by neighbourhood design; WC was higher in disadvantaged-curvilinear neighbourhoods and lower in advantaged-grid neighbourhoods. Policies making less obesogenic neighbourhoods affordable to low socioeconomic households and that improve the supportiveness for behaviours leading to healthy weight in low socioeconomic neighbourhoods are necessary.
Low Circulating TRAIL Levels Are Associated with Increase of Resistin and Lipocalin-2/ngal Adipokines in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Tisato Veronica , Secchiero Paola , Bonaccorsi Gloria , Bergamini Carlo , Greco Pantaleo , Zauli Giorgio , Cervellati Carlo
Published: September 2017

Objective. Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is attracting attention for its role in the physiopathology of metabolic disease/diabetes. Evidence suggests that it might protect against metabolic abnormalities driven by obesity-induced dysregulated secretion of adipokines, but this role of TRAIL has not yet been fully established. On this basis, we aimed to investigate the potential association between TRAIL and adipokine levels in a cohort of subjects in which age/gender/hormonal interferences were excluded. Methods. Serum levels of TRAIL and a panel of adipokines were measured in postmenopausal women (n=147) stratified according to waist circumference measures as normal, overweight, or obese. The panel of adipokines included interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, IL-1β, adipsin, lipocalin-2/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ngal), TNF-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, hepatocyte growth factor, resistin, leptin, adiponectin, and nerve growth factor. Results. Low serum TRAIL concentration (deciles I–IV) was significantly and inversely correlated with resistin and lipocalin 2/ngal levels (r=−0.502 and p<0.001 and r=−0.360 and p<0.01, resp.). Both associations retained their statistical significance after adjustment for confounding factors, such as waist circumference and age. Conclusions. Our data indicate a link between low circulating levels of TRAIL and markers of obesity-induced diseases (resistin and lipocalin-2/ngal), highlighting a new potential axis of TRAIL functions.
Dengue Virus Induces NK Cell Activation through TRAIL Expression during Infection
Authors: Gandini Mariana , Petitinga-Paiva Fabienne , Marinho Cíntia Ferreira , Correa Gladys , De Oliveira-Pinto Luzia Maria , Souza Luiz José de , Cunha Rivaldo Venâncio , Kubelka Claire Fernandes , Azeredo Elzinandes Leal de
Published: September 2017

Dengue is an acute febrile illness with a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms ranging from mild to severe forms characterized by plasma leakage that can be fatal. NK cells are one of the main effectors in early infection and may play an important role in dengue pathogenesis. We investigated NK cell involvement during dengue infection. A higher frequency of NK cell subsets and TRAIL+NK cells was found in mild DF cases when compared to that in severe cases or healthy donors. NK activation markers such as CD107a and TLR3 were upregulated in patients’ cells compared to those in healthy donors. In addition, IL12 related to NK cell activation were upregulated in mild DF cases.In vitroPBMC culture models show that DENV-stimulated and IFNα-stimulated NK cells were able to express TRAIL, suggesting an indirect activation of cells, regarding TRAIL expression. Type I IFN receptor blockage on DENV-stimulated PBMCs showed TRAIL expression on NK cells is partially IFNαdependent. In addition, during PBMC stimulation, TRAIL expression on NK cells was inversely correlated with DENV-positive monocytes. Therefore, we observed DENV-induced activation of NK cell populations. A higher activation of NK cells would promote limited viral spread, resulting in decreased inflammatory response, contributing to protection against dengue severity.
Serum and Liver Tissue Metabonomic Study on Fatty Liver in Rats Induced by High‐Fat Diet and Intervention Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Qushi Huayu Decoction
Authors: Gou Xiao-jun , Feng Qin , Fan Lin-lin , Zhu Jian , Hu Yi-yang
Published: September 2017

Qushi Huayu Decoction (QSHY), clinically derived, consists of five crude drugs, commonly used in treating fatty liver in a clinical setting. However, little is known about its metabolomics study. Herein, the serum and liver tissue metabolomics approach, based on gas chromatography coupled to spectrometry (GC/MS), was employed to evaluate the efficacy and the mechanism underlying QSHY in a rat model of high‐fat diet‐induced fatty liver. With pattern recognition analysis of serum and liver tissue metabolite profile, a clear separation of model group and control group was acquired for serum and liver tissue samples, respectively. The QSHY group showed a predisposition towards recovery mimicking the control group, which was in agreement with the biochemical alterations and histological results. 23 candidate biomarkers were identified in the serum and liver tissue samples that were utilized for exploring the underlying mechanism. The present study suggests that QSHY has significant anti‐fatty liver effects on high‐fat diet‐induced fatty liver in rats, which might be attributed to regulating the dysfunction of beta‐alanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and citrate cycle. Thus, metabolomics is a useful tool in the evaluation of the efficacy and elucidation of the mechanism underlying the complex traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Paulownia fortunei Response to Phytoplasma Infection with Dimethyl Sulfate Treatment
Authors: Wei Zhen , Wang Zhe , Li Xiaoyu , Zhao Zhenli , Deng Minjie , Dong Yanpeng , Cao Xibing , Fan Guoqiang
Published: September 2017

Paulownia fortunei is a widely cultivated economic forest tree species that is susceptible to infection with phytoplasma, resulting in Paulownia witches’ broom (PaWB) disease. Diseased P. fortunei is characterized by stunted growth, witches’ broom, shortened internodes, and etiolated and smaller leaves. To understand the molecular mechanism of its pathogenesis, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry approaches to study changes in the proteomes of healthy P. fortunei, PaWB-infected P. fortunei, and PaWB-infected P. fortunei treated with 15 mg·L−1 or 75 mg·L−1 dimethyl sulfate. We identified 2969 proteins and 104 and 32 differentially abundant proteins that were phytoplasma infection responsive and dimethyl sulfate responsive, respectively. Based on our analysis of the different proteomes, 27 PaWB-related proteins were identified. The protein-protein interactions of these 27 proteins were analyzed and classified into four groups (photosynthesis-related, energy-related, ribosome-related, and individual proteins). These PaWB-related proteins may help in developing a deeper understanding of how PaWB affects the morphological characteristics of P. fortunei and further establish the mechanisms involved in the response of P. fortunei to phytoplasma.
Quality of Ceftriaxone Sodium in Lyophilized Powder for Injection Evaluated by Clean, Fast, and Efficient Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: de Aléssio Patrícia Vidal , Kogawa Ana Carolina , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes
Published: September 2017

Ceftriaxone sodium, an antimicrobial agent that plays an important role in clinical practice, is successfully used to treat infections caused by most Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Since there are few rapid analytical methods for ceftriaxone analysis to use in the pharmaceutical routine, the aim of this research was to develop a new method able to quantify this cephalosporin. Therefore, a sensitive, rapid, simple UV spectrophotometric method for the determination and quantification of ceftriaxone sodium was proposed. The UV detector was set at 241 nm. Beer’s law obeyed the concentration range of 10–20 µg mL−1. Statistical comparison of the results with a well-established reported method showed excellent agreement and proved that there is no significant difference in the accuracy and precision. Intra- and interday variability for the method were less than 2% relative standard deviation. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the examined drugs in pharmaceutical formulations and the results demonstrated that the method is equally accurate, precise, and reproducible as the official methods.
Down but Not Out: The Consequences of Pretangle Tau in the Locus Coeruleus
Authors: Chalermpalanupap Termpanit , Weinshenker David , Rorabaugh Jacki M.
Published: September 2017

Degeneration of locus coeruleus (LC) is an underappreciated hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The LC is the main source of norepinephrine (NE) in the forebrain, and its degeneration is highly correlated with cognitive impairment and amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tangle pathology. Hyperphosphorylated tau in the LC is among the first detectable AD-like neuropathology in the brain, and while the LC/NE system impacts multiple aspects of AD (e.g., cognition, neuropathology, and neuroinflammation), the functional consequences of hyperphosphorylated tau accrual on LC neurons are not known. Recent evidence suggests that LC neurons accumulate aberrant tau species for decades before frank LC cell body degeneration occurs in AD, suggesting that a therapeutic window exists. In this review, we combine the literature on how pathogenic tau affects forebrain neurons with the known properties and degeneration patterns of LC neurons to synthesize hypotheses on hyperphosphorylated tau-induced dysfunction of LC neurons and the prion-like spread of pretangle tau from the LC to the forebrain. We also propose novel experiments using bothin vitroandin vivomodels to address the many questions surrounding the impact of hyperphosphorylated tau on LC neurons in AD and its role in disease progression.
Intraoral Scanner Technologies: A Review to Make a Successful Impression
Authors: Richert Raphaël , Goujat Alexis , Venet Laurent , Viguie Gilbert , Viennot Stéphane , Robinson Philip , Farges Jean-Christophe , Fages Michel , Ducret Maxime
Published: September 2017

To overcome difficulties associated with conventional techniques, impressions with IOS (intraoral scanner) and CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and manufacturing) technologies were developed for dental practice. The last decade has seen an increasing number of optical IOS devices, and these are based on different technologies; the choice of which may impact on clinical use. To allow informed choice before purchasing or renewing an IOS, this article summarizes first the technologies currently used (light projection, distance object determination, and reconstruction). In the second section, the clinical considerations of each strategy such as handling, learning curve, powdering, scanning paths, tracking, and mesh quality are discussed. The last section is dedicated to the accuracy of files and of the intermaxillary relationship registered with IOS as the rendering of files in the graphical user interface is often misleading. This overview leads to the conclusion that the current IOS is adapted for a common practice, although differences exist between the technologies employed. An important aspect highlighted in this review is the reduction in the volume of hardware which has led to an increase in the importance of software-based technologies.
Neural Network-Based State Estimation for a Closed-Loop Control Strategy Applied to a Fed-Batch Bioreactor
Authors: Rómoli Santiago , Serrano Mario , Rossomando Francisco , Vega Jorge , Ortiz Oscar , Scaglia Gustavo
Published: September 2017

The lack of online information on some bioprocess variables and the presence of model and parametric uncertainties pose significant challenges to the design of efficient closed-loop control strategies. To address this issue, this work proposes an online state estimator based on a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network that operates in closed loop together with a control law derived on a linear algebra-based design strategy. The proposed methodology is applied to a class of nonlinear systems with three types of uncertainties: (i) time-varying parameters, (ii) uncertain nonlinearities, and (iii) unmodeled dynamics. To reduce the effect of uncertainties on the bioreactor, some integrators of the tracking error are introduced, which in turn allow the derivation of the proper control actions. This new control scheme guarantees that all signals are uniformly and ultimately bounded, and the tracking error converges to small values. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated on the basis of simulated experiments on a fed-batch bioreactor, and its performance is compared with two controllers available in the literature.
Combination of Deep Recurrent Neural Networks and Conditional Random Fields for Extracting Adverse Drug Reactions from User Reviews
Authors: Tutubalina Elena , Nikolenko Sergey
Published: September 2017

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an essential part of the analysis of drug use, measuring drug use benefits, and making policy decisions. Traditional channels for identifying ADRs are reliable but very slow and only produce a small amount of data. Text reviews, either on specialized web sites or in general-purpose social networks, may lead to a data source of unprecedented size, but identifying ADRs in free-form text is a challenging natural language processing problem. In this work, we propose a novel model for this problem, uniting recurrent neural architectures and conditional random fields. We evaluate our model with a comprehensive experimental study, showing improvements over state-of-the-art methods of ADR extraction.
A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Effect of Paclitaxel on Cardiac Ejection Fraction
Authors: Osman Mohammed , Elkady Mohammad
Published: September 2017

Background: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term changes in ejection fraction (EF) associated with paclitaxel infusion. Methods: 50 patients were enrolled in this prospective study between 2011 and 2015. The study design included frequent follow-up visits to the clinic, EF evaluation at baseline, and regular EF assessment by echocardiography for 30 months after treatment. Results: The median baseline EF was 60% (95% confidence interval (CI) 50-80%). At 30 months, the median EF was 48% (95% CI 40-60%; p = 0.03). During the 30-month follow-up, 10 (20%) patients developed grade 1 and 2 cardiotoxicities; none developed grade 3 or 4 cardiotoxicities. Furthermore, paclitaxel cardiotoxicity increased among patients with high-risk features including associated diabetes mellitus, hypertension, prior radiotherapy to the chest wall, performance status of 2, and age > 60 years. Conclusion: Paclitaxel has cardiotoxic effects. Careful monitoring of cardiac function during and after paclitaxel infusion is required in patients with high-risk features.
Results of Short-Term Follow-Up in BI-RADS 3 and 4a Breast Lesions with a Histological Diagnosis of Fibroadenoma at Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
Authors: Clauser Paola , Bazzocchi Massimo , Marcon Magda , Londero Viviana , Zuiani Chiara
Published: September 2017

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of short-term (6 months) follow-up in patients with Breast Imaging Report and Data System (BI-RADS) 3 and 4a lesions, after a diagnosis of fibroadenoma at an image-guided biopsy. Patients and Methods: The data of 318 women with 349 biopsy-proven fibroadenomas, a 6-month follow-up, and a follow-up of ≥ 24 months were retrospectively reviewed. Information on clinical history, lesion characteristics on ultrasound (US), mammography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), BI-RADS classification, and follow-up was collected. The false-negative (FN) rate and the negative predictive value (NPV) for the biopsy were calculated. Results: 43 patients (13.5%) presented with a palpable nodule; 18 (5.7%) had a history of breast cancer. There were 334 lesions visible on US (95.7%), 57 on US and mammography (16.3%), and 15 on mammography only (4.3%); 37 lesions were first detected on MRI. All lesions were stable at 6 months. After an at least 1-year follow-up, 4 lesions changed their features and were excised. Histology showed 1 invasive lobular cancer, 1 ductal carcinoma in situ, 1 phyllodes tumor, and 1 papilloma. The FN rate of the needle biopsy was 1.1% and the NPV was 98.9%. Conclusion: For lesions initially described as BI-RADS 3 and 4a with a histological diagnosis of fibroadenoma after biopsy, short-term follow-up can be avoided.
Characteristics and Prognosis of Oldest Old Subjects with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Dandaba Meira , Couratier Philippe , Labrunie Anaïs , Nicol Marie , Hamidou Bello , Raymondeau Marie , Logroscino Giancarlo , Preux Pierre Marie , Marin Benoît ,   FRALIM Consortium
Published: September 2017

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with unclear characteristics and prognosis in the oldest old (80 years and over). The aim of this study was to compare the oldest old and younger ALS patients in terms of clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, and prognosis. Methods: ALS incident cases from the register of ALS in Limousin (FRALim), diagnosed between January 2000 and July 2013, were included. Descriptive and comparative analyses by age group were carried out. For time to event univariate analysis, Kaplan-Meier estimator and log rank test were used. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were carried out with Cox's proportional hazard model. Results: Out of 322 patients, 50 (15.5%) were aged 80 or over (“oldest old” ALS) at the time of diagnosis. Among them, the male:female gender-ratio was 1.27, and 32.6% had a bulbar onset (not different from subjects aged less than 80 years). With increasing age, there was a worsening of the clinical state of the patients at time of diagnosis in terms of weight loss, forced vital capacity, ALSFRS-R and manual muscular testing. Access to ALS referral centres decreased with age, and the use of riluzole tended to be lower in the oldest old group. The median survival of oldest old patients appeared to be 10 months shorter than that of subjects aged less than 80 years (7.4 vs. 17.4 months). Conclusion: The survival of oldest old ALS patients is particularly short. It relates to prognostic features at baseline and to an independent effect of advanced age.
Krüppel-Like Factor 2 Regulates Degradation of Type II Collagen by Suppressing the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-13
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Tan Honglue , Dai Pengyi
Published: September 2017

Background/Aims: Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) plays an essential role in the inhibition of endothelial cell and macrophage activation during the inflammatory process. However, the roles of KLF2 in chondrocytes and the pathological progression of osteoarthritis (OA) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of KLF2 in the inhibition of cartilage matrix destruction in chondrocytes. Methods: RT-PCR and western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of KLF2 in human chondrocytes. Luciferase assay, ELISA assay and MMP-13 enzymatic activity assays were used to investigate the effects of KLF2 in regulating MMP-13 expression. Western blot analysis was used to examine the effects of KLF2 in suppressing degradation of type Ⅱ collagen. Results: KLF2 is expressed in primary chondrocytes and is downregulated in OA chondrocytes. Expression of KLF2 in primary chondrocytes was reduced in response to IL-1β. Overexpression of KLF2 robustly inhibited IL-1β-induced MMP-13 expression. Conversely, knockdown of KLF2 markedly exacerbated MMP-13 expression. Mechanistically, KLF2 could suppress the activation of MMP-13 promoter. However, knockdown of KLF2 could promote the activation of MMP-13 promoter. Importantly, overexpression of KLF2 ameliorated the degradation of type Ⅱ collagen while silencing of KLF2 exacerbated the degradation of type Ⅱ collagen induced by IL-1β. Conclusions: KLF2 may be a potential therapeutic target for OA treatment.
Automated Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Breast MRI: Potential Imaging Biomarker for the Prediction of Tissue Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Dietzel Matthias , Kaiser Clemens , Pinker Katja , Wenkel Evelyn , Hammon Matthias , Uder Michael , Bennani Baiti Barbara , Clauser Paola , Schulz-Wendtland Rüdiger , Baltzer Pascal
Published: September 2017

Background: We aimed to investigate an automated semi-quantitative software as an imaging biomarker for the prediction of tissue response (TR) after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1.5T, protocol according to international recommendations) of 67 patients with biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer were examined before and after NAC. After completion of NAC, histopathologic assessments of TR were classified according to the Chevallier grading system (CG1/4: full/non-responder; CG2/C3: partial responder). A commercially available fully automatic software (CADstream) extracted MRI parameters of tumor extension (tumor diameter/volume: TD/TV). Pre- versus post-NAC values were compared (ΔTV and ΔTD). Additionally, the software performed volumetric analyses of vascularization (VAV) after NAC. Accuracy of MRI parameters to predict TR were identified (cross-tabs, ROC, AUC, Kruskal-Wallis). Results: There were 37 (34.3%) CG1, 7 (6.5%) CG2, 53 (49.1%) CG3, and 11 (10.2%) CG4 lesions. The software reached area under the curve levels of 79.5% (CG1/complete response: ΔTD), 68.6% (CG2, CG3/partial response: VAV), and 88.8% to predict TR (CG4/non-response: ΔTV). Conclusion: Semi-quantitative automated analysis of breast MRI data enabled the prediction of tissue response to NAC.
The Evolution of the Use of β-Blockers to Treat Heart Failure
Authors: Waagstein Finn , Rutherford John D.
Published: September 2017

Finn Waagstein was born in Copenhagen in 1938. He graduated from Aarhus University Medical School in 1964. He received his cardiology training in the Sahlgrenska University Hospital at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. He was appointed Associate Professor in 1980, and he assisted in establishing and directing the first Swedish heart transplant program. From 1990 he directed the heart failure and cardiomyopathy research programs. He is currently Professor of Cardiology and senior physician at Wallenberg Laboratory. In 2002, he was awarded the King Faisal International Prize for Medicine.
Tracing the Historical and Legal Development of the Levée en Masse in the Law of Armed Conflict
Authors: Crawford Emily
Published: September 2017

Levée en masse – the spontaneous uprising of the civilian population against an invading force – has long been a part of the modern law of armed conflict with regard to determining who may legitimately participate in armed conflict. The concept originated during the revolutionary wars in America and France, and was incorporated into the first codified rules of armed conflict. However, despite the prevalence of the category of levée en masse in the modern laws of armed conflict, there have been few, if any, instances of levée en masse taking place in modern armed conflicts. This article examines how and why the category of levée en masse developed. In doing so, this article situates the concept and evolution of levée en masse within the history of international humanitarian law more generally.
Review of the species of the Cirolana ‘parva-group’ (Cirolanidae: Isopoda: Crustacea) in Indonesian and Singaporean waters
Authors: SIDABALOK CONNI M. , BRUCE NIEL L.
Published: September 2017

Ten species of the Cirolana ‘parva-group’ are recorded from shallow water in-shore habitats in the Indo-Malaya region, with five species from both Indonesia (Lombok, North Sulawesi, Maluku and West Papua) and Singapore, four species are from Indonesia only; with only one species locally endemic in Singapore. Three new species are described and Cirolana arafurae Bruce, 1986, Cirolana improceros Bruce, 1986 and Cirolana stenoura Bruce, 1986 are redescribed. A key to Cirolana ‘parva-group’ species found in Indonesia and Singapore is given.
A new species of Cycreon d’Orchymont, 1919 from Singapore (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Megasternini)
Authors: SHATROVSKIY ALEXANDER
Published: September 2017

The monotypic genus Cycreon Orchymont, 1919 was established for the species Cycreon sculpturatus Orchymont, 1919, based on a single female specimen from Palembang, Sumatra (Orchymont 1919). At some later point, d’Orchymont studied a specimen from Singapore and labelled it with a note indicating it may be either a male of C. sculpturatus or a new species (Fig. 27). Examination of the holotype of C. sculpturatus revealed the Singapore specimen does indeed represent a new species. It was additionally labeled by d’Orchymont: “Cycreon emarginatus n. sp. voir cependantsi ce n’esl pas le ♂ de sculpturatus” [Cycreon emarginatus n. sp. however, whether is it not the male of C. sculpturatus] but it has never been described.
A new species of the genus Bregmatothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from the Andaman Islands of India
Authors: RACHANA R.R. , VARATHARAJAN R.
Published: September 2017

Bregmatothrips ramani sp.n. is described from the Andaman Islands, India. This is the third member of the genus Bregmatothrips with forked sense cones on antennal segments III and IV, and a key is presented to distinguish these species.
Formation and Development of Orographic Mixed-Phase Clouds
Authors: Henneberg Olga , Henneberger Jan , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: September 2017

Orographic forcing can stabilize mixed-phase clouds (MPCs), which are thermodynamically unstable owing to the different saturation vapor pressure over liquid water and ice. This study presents simulations of MPCs in orographically complex terrain over the Alpine ridge with the regional model COSMO using a horizontal resolution of 1 km. Two case studies provide insights into the formation of Alpine MPCs. Trajectory studies show that the majority of the air parcels lifted by more than 600 m are predominantly in the liquid phase even if they originate from glaciated clouds. The interplay between lifted and advected air parcels is crucial for the occurrence of MPCs. Within a sensitivity study, the orography is reduced to 80%, which changed both the total barrier height and steepness. The changes in total water path (TWP), liquid water path (LWP), and ice water path (IWP) vary in sign and strength as the affected precipitation does. LWP can experience changes up to 500% resulting in a transformation from an ice-dominated MPC to a liquid-dominated MPC. In further simulations with increased steepness and maintained surface height at Jungfraujoch, TWP experiences a reduction between 25% and 40% during different time periods, which results in reduced precipitation by around 30%. An accurate representation of the steepness and the height of mountains in models is crucial for the formation and development of MPCs.
Synoptic Analysis of Cold Air Outbreaks over the California Central Valley
Authors: Grotjahn Richard , Zhang Rui
Published: September 2017

How does extreme cold air reach the California Central Valley (CCV) and most of the U.S. west coast? This question is answered using composite patterns for the 10 coldest cold air outbreaks (CAOs) to reach the CCV during 1979–2013. While unusually cold air over California occurs in all events by design, how it arrives there is complicated and varies. The only other feature present in all events for several days prior to CAO onset is unusually strong surface high pressure in and south of the Gulf of Alaska. This high has low-level cold air on its west side and a deep layer of cold air moving southward on its east side. Cold air aloft flows parallel to the North American west coast and sinks as it approaches the CCV. Farther west, warm advection builds a ridge aloft. The large-scale meteorological pattern (LSMP) is equivalent barotropic. The LSMP’s ridge over Alaska, trough near California, and ridge over the southeastern United States appear in all cases by onset and resemble the Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern. Cross sections show cold air flowing from the continental interior consistent with a strong pressure gradient created by extreme cold in the continental interior. Where and when the interior cold and surface flow occurs varies between events. A geopotential height trough associated with that cold air aloft passes over the CCV before onset fostering sinking behind that is reinforced by the cold air advection below. Although sinking, as a locally defined anomaly, the cold intensifies as it migrates from the polar region to the climatologically warmer CCV.
Who’s Really Doing the Work? The Impact of Group Size on Over-Claiming of Responsibility
Authors: Schroeder Juliana
Published: September 2017

People often believe that they do more than their fair share of work. This tendency plays out across daily life, from married couples to workplace collaborations. While the inclination to “over-claim” credit is pervasive and has potentially serious consequences, little is known about the factors that make it more or less likely to occur. This article considers two predictors—group size and the role of indirect participants, such as supervisors, teachers, coaches, and office assistants—on the phenomenon known as over-claiming. It offers practical steps for individuals, managers, and organizations to take to moderate the damaging effects of over-claiming.
Changing the Narrative: Women as Negotiators—and Leaders
Authors: Kray Laura J. , Kennedy Jessica A.
Published: September 2017

The reasons for women’s relatively slow ascension in the workplace have been a matter of considerable debate. This article explores why so much remains misunderstood about the challenges women face and why negative stereotypes—specifically, the view that women are innately poor advocates for themselves—persist. In fact, women possess unique advantages as negotiators, including greater cooperativeness and stronger ethics. But often those strengths are overlooked or severely undervalued. This article presents practical strategies for managers and negotiators of both genders to close the performance gaps and calls for changing the narrative on what it means to be a successful negotiator.
Using Household Fit Indices to Examine the Psychometric Quality of Food Insecurity Measures
Authors: Engelhard George , Rabbitt Matthew P. , Engelhard Emily M.
Published: September 2017

This study focuses on model–data fit with a particular emphasis on household-level fit within the context of measuring household food insecurity. Household fit indices are used to examine the psychometric quality of household-level measures of food insecurity. In the United States, measures of food insecurity are commonly obtained from the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM, 18 items) of the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement (CPS-FSS). These measures, in various forms, are used to inform national programs and policies related to food insecurity. Data for low-income households with children from recent administrations of the HFSSM (2012-2014) are used in this study ( N = 7,324). The results suggest that there are detectable levels of misfit with Infit mean square error (MSE) statistics ranging from 6.73 % to 21.33% and Outfit MSE statistics ranging from 5.31% to 9.68%. The data suggest for Outfit MSE statistics that (a) male respondents, (b) respondents with lower levels of education, and (c) respondents who did not report participating in SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, formerly the Food Stamp Program) tend to have more misfit. For Infit MSE statistics, lack of homeownership appears to be a predictor of misfit. The implications of this research for future research, theory, and policy related to the measurement of household food insecurity are discussed.
Teaching Improvisation through Melody and Blues-Based Harmony: A Comprehensive and Sequential Approach
Authors: Heil Leila
Published: September 2017

This article describes a sequential approach to improvisation teaching that can be used with students at various age and ability levels by any educator, regardless of improvisation experience. The 2014 National Core Music Standards include improvisation as a central component in musical learning and promote instructional approaches that are contextual, integrate musical concepts, and facilitate group interaction. The described approach focuses on the how and the why of improvisation instruction, offering a pedagogical guide through the teaching process using concepts of melody, harmony, rhythm, texture, and formal structure. Rather than a collection of isolated activities, the sequence builds on skills and concepts that are applied in authentic and meaningful group interactions. Examples are based on the blues and teaching techniques commonly used by jazz educators that can be adapted to any musical genre.
Cultural Differences in Shame and Guilt as Understandable Reasons for Suicide
Authors: Crowder Marisa K. , Kemmelmeier Markus
Published: September 2017

According to the World Health Organization, a major barrier to suicide prevention work is the social stigma surrounding suicide. Since clinical research has long shown that shame and guilt are often involved in suicide and suicide ideation, the present two studies explore the extent to which individuals associate shame and guilt with suicide ideation and behavior according to their cultural background. Using a scenario approach, 1,147 Americans in two separate studies read about a traumatic situation in which the target person experienced intense shame or intense guilt. A mini meta-analysis of these studies showed that all participants were more likely to link the experience of shame to suicidality than guilt. Additionally, participants from U.S. dignity states were more likely to report suicide ideation when the target experienced guilt as opposed to shame. Our findings support the notion that the centrality of the emotions of shame and guilt varies relative to the social context, which has implications on how others perceive suicide.
The Association Between Cognitive Impairment and Patterns of Activity Engagement Among Older Adults
Authors: Amano Takashi , Park Sojung , Morrow-Howell Nancy
Published: September 2017

This study aims to assess the association between cognitive impairment and activity engagement patterns. Data from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study were used. A total of 3,943 participants aged 65 or older were included in analyses. Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used. Four activity engagement profiles were identified: high activity (31.2%), active leisure (18.9%), passive leisure (28.2%), and low activity (21.7%). People in the high activity group engaged in all activities more than people in any other group, whereas people in the low activity group did not actively engage in most activities. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that cognitive impairment had an independent effect on the probability of being assigned to the low activity group compared to other groups. Cognitive impairment was associated with inactivity in a variety of activities. Future studies should examine supportive factors, which facilitate active patterns among people with cognitive impairment.