bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intergrated Metagenomics and Metabolomics Analysis Discovers Nematicidal Microbes, Enzymes and Metabolites From the Plant Rhizosphere Microbiota
Authors: Zhao Xiuyun , Lin Changchun , Yuan Wenfang , Ruan Song , Qi Gaofu
Published: February 2021

BackgroundRoot-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infects root systems of many crops resulting in huge decrease of crop production. Nematicidal microorganisms provides a safe and effective strategy to control M. incognita infection. In order to find more microorganisms with high activity and new nematicidal metabolites, we collected the M. incognita infected tobacco rhizosphere soils (RNI) and non-infected tobacco rhizosphere soils (NS), and investigated their microbial community and network via metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. ResultsMicrobial networks of RNI soils were very different from the NS soils. Many nematicidal microorganisms were enriched in the NS soils, including some isolates such as Aspergillus , Achromobacter , Acinetobacter , Bacillus , Burkholderia , Comamonas , Enterobacter , Lysobacter , Microbacterium , Paenibacillus , Pantoea , Pseudomonas , Streptomyces and Variovorax. Enzymes analysis showed these nematicidal microorganisms can produce proteases, chitinase and lipases. The functions genes belonging to pathways of secondary metabolites biosynthesis and carbohydrate transport and metabolism were overrepresented in the rhizophere microbiota of NS soils comparing with the RNI soils. 102 metabolites contents were significantly different between the RNI and NS rhizosphere microbiota. 35 metabolites were overrepresented in the NS soils comparing the RNI samples, including acetophenone. Acetophenone showed high nematicidal (LC 50 = 0.66 μg/ml) and avoidance activity against M. incognita . A isolate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W1 with production of acetophenone can kill 98.8% of M . incognita . ConclusionsIn general, the rhizophere microbiota of NS soils could produce volatile materials, multiple enzymes and secondary metabolites against nematode. Collectively, the microbiota of NS and RNI rhizophere differed significantly in microbial network structure, community composition, function genes and metabolites. Collectively, combination of multi-omics analysis and culture-dependent technology is powerful for finding nematicidal microorganisms and metabolites from soil.
Lymph Node Metastases of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: Does Serum Anti-Tg Antibodies or TSH Level Influence Tg measurement in Fine Needle Aspiration Washouts?
Authors: Donato Sara , Maciel Joana , Font Paula , Simões Helder , Prazeres Susana , Leite Valeriano
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Thyroglobulin evaluation in the washout of fine-needle aspiration (FNA-Tg) is an accurate diagnostic method of lymph node metastases (LNM) of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Serum anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (AATg) may cause falsely low serum Tg values, but their effect on FNA-Tg has not been well established. There are also concerns about the possibility that suppressed TSH results in false-negative FNA-Tg. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of serum AATg and TSH level on FNA-Tg of LNM of DTC and to determine the presence of AATg on the washout of fine needle aspiration (FNA-AATg). Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent FNA-Tg assay in LNM of DTC. The sample was divided in two groups according to the presence of serum AATg at the time of FNA-Tg evaluation (Group 1: positive AATg, n =47; Group 2: negative AATg, n =50). Results: There was no significant difference in the FNA-Tg between the two groups ( p =0.066), although it was lower in Group 1 (1428 ng/mL) than in Group 2 (14842 ng/mL). FNA-Tg was able to identify 10.3% LNM of DTC that would not be diagnosed based solely on cytology. FNA-AATg evaluation was positive in 12.8% of the Group 1 patients and did not seem to interfere with FNA-Tg value ( p =0.732). There were no differences in the median FNA-Tg measurements between those on levothyroxine suppressive therapy and those on substitutive therapy ( p =0.800). Conclusion: FNA-Tg assay appears to be a good diagnostic tool even in patients with positive serum AATg and those under suppressive levothyroxine therapy.
Egg White Protein-Hypophosphorous Acid Based Fire Retardant Single Bilayer Coating Assembly for Cotton Fabric
Authors: Vishwakarma Ajay , Reddy Vennapusa Jagadeeswara , Kandola Baljinder K. , Dasari Aravind , Chattopadhyay Sujay
Published: February 2021

Egg white proteins (W) in combination with hypophosphorous acid (HA) were investigated for making flame retardant coating over cotton fabric adopting layer by layer (LbL) assembly technique. A novel phosphorous-nitrogen based non-inflammatory pathway was produced due to strong electrostatic interactions between egg white protein and HA. The coated cotton fabric was characterized using FESEM, ATR-FTIR, TGA and flame tests. Vertical flame test (VFT) and BS EN ISO 15025 tests were performed to understand the combustion pattern of coated fabric. The cotton fabric coated with egg white protein followed by HA (CTW+HA) showed self-extinguish properties with fragile char structure, whereas uncoated fabric was completely burnt with ash residue. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that initial decomposition temperature of coated fabric got lowered but raised the char residue at 800 ℃. Moreover, surface morphology after VFT of CTW+HA showed swollen char structure that prevented the interaction of combustible products with oxygen and heat. Thus, the developed coating could serve as excellent fire retardant due to the synergistic effect of HA and egg white protein.
Technological Capabilities of a Special Strategy for Processing Cycloidal Helical Surfaces with a Non-Profiled Tool
Authors: Goncharov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Vasiliev Aleksandr Sergeevich
Published: February 2021

The working bodies of screw volumetric machines are complex-profile cycloidal screw surfaces. This article deals with the problem of technological preparation for the production of such surfaces, associated with the uncertainty of the technological capabilities of a special processing strategy. To solve this problem, an analytical expression of the criterion was proposed, which makes it possible to assess the applicability of the processing strategy for the given geometric parameters. The adequacy of the proposed criterion is confirmed by machine and natural experiments.
Finite Element Based Thermal Model For Analyzing The Material Removal of Different Work Material In ECDM Process
Authors: Sharma Vivek
Published: February 2021

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a novel technique for machining non-conductive materials like quartz, soda lime glass, ceramics etc. It combines the machining attributes of the electric discharge machining (EDM) and electrochemical machining (ECM) simultaneously in a single process. Despite numerous experimental studies, few studies are reported covering analytical aspects of the ECDM process. The present study focusses on the development of finite element based thermal model for analyzing the material removal of the different work materials. The model is validated by comparing it with existing literature and a comparison of the different models based on different heat input i.e., uniform distribution and Gaussian distribution is also performed. Results revealed that the material removal rate (MRR) predicted using Gaussian distribution exhibits fair agreement with the earlier reported results. Moreover, the comparative study on MRR is performed using gaussian heat distribution for soda lime glass and quartz material. It is observed that under similar machining conditions, MRR of soda lime glass is higher than the quartz material. The MRR of the both the work materials increases with the increase in electrolyte concentration due to increase in total heat input over the work material.
Comparison of Conventional and Hybrid Ultrasonic Milling in the Processing of Improved Steel
Authors: Savkovic Borislav , Kulundzic Nenad , Kovac Pavel
Published: February 2021

The combination of conventional milling and ultrasonic processing, more precisely ultrasonic vibrations, belongs to the newer types of hybrid processing. The realization of vibration sources as well as parameters that are variable in the realization of this process capture the attention of readers. In this paper, in addition to the application and possibility of installing different types of ultrasonically supported milling, the emphasis is given in the field of the surface quality. Namely, the application of ultrasonic vibrations in the processing of steel for improvement, which are characterized by higher hardness and toughness, and as such are a challenge for finding the most favorable processing. The quality of the processed surface as a function of the mean arithmetic roughness and the mean height of the unevenness measured in 10 points obtained in the classical conventional milling and the new hybrid process are presented.
Changes in Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness of Myopic Children with 0.01% Atropine, Orthokeratology, or their Combination
Authors: Hao Qian , Zhao Qi
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To compare the changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT) treated with 0.01% atropine, orthokeratology (OK), or their combination in myopic children, and to study the connection between increase in SFChT and axial length (AL) elongation.Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled study. A total of 67 children were included; 22 patients were randomly assigned to the SA group (spectacles and 0.01% atropine), 24 patients were randomly assigned to the OK group (OK), and 21 patients were randomly assigned to the OKA group (OK and 0.01% atropine). Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations were performed at baseline, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months.Results: After 1 month, SFChT increased by 5.41 ± 1.65 μm in the SA group, 17.46 ± 2.79 μm in the OK group, and 20.19 ± 2.18 μm in the OKA group (P = 0.00), while AL was not significantly increased. After 12 months, the changes of SFChT were not increased significantly compared with that at 1 month; AL increased by 0.20 ± 0.03 mm in the SA group, 0.28 ± 0.03 mm in the OK group, and 0.14 ± 0.03 mm in the OKA group (P = 0.00). The change in SFChT at 12 month was negatively correlated with the change in AL at 12 months.Conclusion: The control of AL elongation was better with 0.01% atropine than with OK lenses. The increase in SFChT was greater with OK lenses and the changes were significant after only 1 month. In addition, the increase in SFChT may influence AL elongation and myopia progression.
Light-Weight Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Buckypaper/Glass Fiber-Epoxy Composites for Strong Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Efficient Microwave Absorption
Authors: Ribeiro Bruno , Gomes Newton Adriano , Rezende Mirabel Cerqueira
Published: February 2021

Multi-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper (BP) reinforced glass fiber-epoxy (GF/EP) composites were selected to fabricate electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and microwave absorbing composites. Six different composite configurations with 3.0 mm thick have been conceived and tested over the X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz). Flexible and low density (0.29 g/cm3) BP provided a high specific EMI SE of 55 dB with controlled electrical conductivity. GF/EP/BP111 and GF/EP/BP101 composites possess EMI SE as high as of 50-60 dB, which can be attributed to the number of BP inserted and variation in the wave-transmitting layer of the laminates. Furthermore, the shielding mechanism was discussed, and it suggested that the dominant contribution to EMI SE was absorption. GF/EP/BP110 laminate demonstrated suitable EMI performance (~20 dB) and excellent microwave performance, achieving an effective -10 dB bandwidth of 3.04 GHz and minimum reflection loss (RL) value of -21.16 dB at 10.37 GHz. On the basis of these results, GF/EP/BP composites prepared in this work have potential applications as both EMI shielding and microwave absorber materials given their facile preparation and lightweight use.
Prognostic Significance of STC2 and DNA methylation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Study Based on the TCGA and GEO Databases
Authors: Li Guangyao , Wu Daquan , Zhou Lei , You Dan , Huang Xinsheng
Published: February 2021

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is a popular malignancy type that brings about poor prognosis with a low survival rate worldwide. Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) is a glycosylated peptide hormone and shows the potential to become a new biomarker for the evaluation of malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic implications of STC2 and DNA methylation in HNSC and the role of STC2 expression in immune cell infiltration.Methods: STC2 gene expression data were collected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to screen prognostic risk factors. The relationship between STC2 expression and TP53 mutation in HNSC was explored. TCGA data were utilized to analyze how STC2 expression affected immune cell infiltration in HNSC.Results: STC2 was highly expressed in HNSC patients (P < 0.01), especially those with a lower overall survival rate (P < 0.0001). TP53 mutation might be a risk factor of STC2 overexpression in HNSC (P = 0.0015). STC2 expression was negatively correlated with STC2 methylation (Spearman: -0.43, P < 0.001). Hypermethylation or hypomethylation at the eight CpG sites most related to STC2 expression was identified as independent factors for HNSC prognosis. STC2 was positively correlated with cancer-associated fibroblasts infiltration and associated with the infiltration of various immune cells.Conclusion: STC2 can be regarded as a vital prognostic biomarker of HNSC due to its essential roles in immune cell infiltration.
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Correlates with the Presence of Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gao Lu , Zhao Wei , Yang Jin-Kui , Qin Ming-Zhao
Published: February 2021

Background: Atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As most diabetic patients with ASCVD are asymptomatic, it is most neglected in clinical practice. For this reason, identifying high-risk ASCVD population with intensified treatment is very important. In recent years, the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and ASCVD has caused much academic concern, but the results are inconsistent. Moreover, whether all grades of DR increase the risk of ASCVD remains controversial. Most importantly, very few data can be found in China.Objective: Our aim is to discuss whether all grades of DR increase the risk of ASCVD after adjustment for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors and to assess the independent contribution of DR to cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM, hoping to provide more evidence for early identification of ASCVD.Research design and methods: A total of 425 T2DM patients with complete physical and biochemical data were included in the study. The grade of DR was assessed with two 45°color digital retinal images. Based on the presence of history of ASCVD, 425 T2DM patients were divided into 2 groups: ASCVD group and non-ASCVD group.Results: Patients with ASCVD had a significantly higher level of age, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and higher proportion of history of ASCVD, female sex and lower level of alcohol, calculated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) than non-ASCVD patients. Their trend to develop DR with ASCVD was significantly higher than patients with non-ASCVD (χ2 =5.805, P =0.016). DR was an independent statistical indicator of the presence of ASCVD [odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 2.321 (1.152-4.678), P =0.018]. Furthermore, when DR was divided into non-proliferative retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative retinopathy (PDR) according to its severity, only PDR was significantly associated with incident ASCVD [OR (95% CI): 8.333 (1.813-38.304), P =0.006]. After adjusting for traditional ASCVD risk factors, such an association still existed [OR (95% CI): 7.466 (1.355-41.137), P =0.021].Conclusion: DR associates strongly with ASCVD in the Chinese population with T2DM. With the severity of DR increasing, the risk of ASCVD also grows. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, PDR is still an independent risk marker for ASCVD.
Resolution of Inappropriate Sexual Behavior in an Elderly Male with Intellectual Disability with Memantine: Case Report, and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hafeez Zeba Hasan
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMemantine is a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist approved for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, given its involvement of glutamate pathways, monotherapy as well as combination with other medications has been found to be effective in a number of psychiatric conditions (1). Resolution of new onset inappropriate sexual behavior (ISB) with memantine in a 67 year old male with intellectual disability (ID) is presented.Case presentationA 67 year old, white male with ID with a full scale IQ of 68, was treated in psychiatry long term for intermittent agitation and anxiety. At age 65, he manifested ISB which was not controlled with non pharmacologic measures and various medications. ISB resolved when memantine was added to his concurrent psychotropics and gradually increased to 10 mg BID. There was a recurrence of ISB after two years which remitted when memantine was increased to 25 mg. Based on clinical follow ups and serial MOCAs over three years, it was determined that this patient did not have a major neurocognitve disorder.ConclusionISB and its treatment is an understudied subject in individuals with intellectual disability. Resolution of new onset ISB in a 67 year old male with intellectual disability and comorbid mood disorder, is a previously unreported therapeutic effect of memantine. His ISB resolved with the addition of memantine 20 mg daily after multiple failed trials of various classes of psychotropics. Two years later, reemergence of ISB subsided with memantine 25 mg which is a higher than the recommended dose of this medication. Additional studies would be helpful in determining the maximum dose of this medication given its therapeutic efficacy at 25 mg daily which was well tolerated with stable medical tests.
Dynamic Variation and Prognostic Value of Weight Loss During Radiotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Large-Scale Cohort Study
Authors: Jin Ya-Nan , Xia Tian-Liang , Mai Dong-Mei , Yao Ji-Jin , Jiang Chang , He Wen-Zhuo , Xia Liangping
Published: February 2021

Background: We aim to investigate the dynamic variation and prognostic value of weight loss among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: A total of 1149 newly diagnosed NPC patients who received radical radiotherapy (RT) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ weights were measured at initiation of RT and every week during RT. Recursive partitioning analyses (RPAs) were utilized to determine cut-off value for rate of weight loss (RWL). Disease-free survival (DFS) was our primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS).Results: RWLs were 0%, 0%, -1.54%, -2.86%, -4.11%, -5.98%, -6.56% at 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th week of RT, respectively. RWL optimal threshold with respect to DFS was -5.3% based on RPAs. Thus, a consistent threshold of -5% (> -5% versus ≤ -5%) was selected to classify NPC patients into low RWL and high RWL groups for survival analysis. Compared to high RWL (≤-5%), patients with low RWL (> -5%) had significantly better ten-year DFS (78.6% versus 61.2%; P< 0.001), OS (86.6% versus 70.1%; P< 0.001), and DMFS (88.5% versus 80.2%; P = 0.007). However, no difference was observed between LRRFS groups (91.7% versus 94.3%; P= 0.173). In multivariate analysis, high RWL was an independent risk factor for DFS (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.19-2.03; P= 0.001), OS (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.15; P= 0.011) and DMFS (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.03-2.10; P= 0.033) in patients with NPC. Additionally, chemotherapy and old age were attributed to the development of high RWL.Conclusions: Weight loss during RT was significantly associated with decreased survival among NPC patients. Clinicians should continuously inform patients on the health impact of minimizing weight loss under 5%.
Intrapleural Hyperthermic Perfusion for Malignant Pleural Effusion Under Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Kong Min , Jin Jiang , Lin Yulian , Jia Limin , Ye Minhua
Published: February 2021

Background: Patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) have a poor prognosis. Most patients are treated with tube thoracostomy and sclerotherapy but with a not satisfactory control rate of pleural effusion. This study aims to report the effect of intrapleural hyperthermic perfusion for MPE which is a standard practice at our center.Methods: This is a retrospective study of consecutive patients with MPE treated with hyperthermic perfusion from one single Institute. The procedure was done by perfusing the pleural cavity under video-assisted thoracoscope with 43.0°C distilled water using a standard extracorporeal circuit for 60 minutes. The efficacy of treatment was classified as follows: 1. complete response (CR; no re-accumulation of pleural effusion after IPH for at least four weeks); 2. partial response (PR; pleural effusion was reduced by 50% and this situation was sustained for four weeks; 3. no consequence (NC; pleural effusion was not reduced.Results: From January 2014 through December 2018, a total of 31 patients with MPE were treated using this technique. There were no serious reportable clinical complications associated with the procedures. The response rate was 100%, with 67.7% of PR and 32.3% of CR. The survival time ranged from 2 to 46 months, with a median survival of 12 months. The survival time of the patients received TKI treatment after IHP ranged from 13 to 45 months, with a median survival of 28 months. Multivariable analysis showed that TKI treatment (P=0.013) and male gender (P=0.004) were independent prognosis factors.Conclusions: Intrapleural hyperthermic perfusion is a feasible and safe strategy for patients with malignant pleural effusion.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Yuling , Li Hao , Li Shu , Xu Zhou , Tian Shen , Wu Juan , Liang Xin-yu , Li Xin , Liu Zi-li , Xiao Jun , Wei Jia-ying , Ma Chenyu , Wu Kai-nan , Ran Liang , Kong Lingquan
Published: February 2021

BackgroundMetabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new definition for liver disease associated with known metabolic dysfunction. Based on new diagnostic criteria, we aim to investigate its prevalence and risk factors in Chinese.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was implemented on 139170 subjects who participated in health examination.Results Among 139170 subjects, prevalence of MAFLD was 26.1% (males: 35.4%; females: 14.1%), and it was significantly higher before 65-year-old in males than that in females (36.2% vs. 12.2%, P<0.001), however significantly lower after 65 (28.2% vs. 33.0%, P<0.001). The prevalence in different female menopausal status (premenopause, perimenopause, postmenopause) was 6.1%,16.8%, and 30.2%, in BMI groups (underweight, normal, overweight and obese), it was 0.1%, 4.0%, 27.4% and 59.8%. Proportions of abnormal metabolic features in MAFLD group were significantly higher than those in non-MAFLD group, so as the proportion of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (42.5% vs. 11%, P<0.001). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia in MAFLD group (53.2%, 80.0%, and 45.0%) was significantly higher than that in non-MAFLD group (10.1%, 41.7%, and 16.8%). Logistic regression revealed that age, BMI, waist circumference, ALT, triglyceride, fasting glucose, uric acid and platelet count were associated with MAFLD.ConclusionsMAFLD is prevalent in China, its prevalence varies among different groups of age, gender, BMI, and female menopausal status. MAFLD was related to metabolic disorders especially obesity. People with MAFLD suffer high prevalence of MS, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and elevated liver enzymes. Metabolic disorders should be paid attention to improve management of MAFLD.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of caffeoyl-coenzyme A O-methyltransferase genes related to Fusarium head blight response in wheat
Authors: Yang Guang , Pan Wenqiu , Zhang Ruoyu , Pan Yan , Guo Qifan , Song Weining , Zheng Weijun , Nie Xiaojun
Published: February 2021

Background

Lignin is one of the main components of cell wall, which directly associates with the development and defense mechanisms in plants, especially in response to Fusarium head blight (FHB) tolerance. Caffeoyl-coenzyme A Omethyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is the main regulator determining the efficiency of lignin synthesis and composition. Although it has been widely characterized in many plants, the importance of CCoAOMT family in wheat is not well understood up to now.
Results

Here, a total 21 CCoAOMT genes were identified in wheat (TaCCoAOMT) through a in silico genome search method and they were classified into four groups based on phylogenetic analysis with the members in the same group sharing similar gene structures and conserved motif compositions. Furthermore, the expression patterns and co-expression network which these TaCCoAOMT involved in were comprehensively investigated using 48 RNA-seq samples from Fusarium graminearum-infected and control samples of 4 wheat genotypes. Combined with qRT-PCR validation of 11 Fg-responsive TaCCoAOMT genes, the potential candidates involving in FHB response and their regulation modules were preliminarily revealed. Additionally, we also investigated the genetic diversity and main haplotypes of these CCoAOMT genes in bread wheat and its relative populations based on resequencing data.
Conclusion

This study systematically identified and characterized the CCoAOMT gene family in wheat, which not only provided the targets for further functional analysis, but also contribute to the mechanism of lignin biosynthesis and its role in FHB tolerance in wheat and beyond.
Machine Learning-based Microstructure Prediction During Laser Sintering of Alumina: A Conditional Generative Approach
Authors: Tang Jianan , Geng Xiao , Li Dongsheng , Shi Yunfeng , Tong Jianhua , Xiao Hai , Peng Fei
Published: February 2021

Predicting material’s microstructure under new processing conditions is essential in advanced manufacturing and materials science. This is because the material’s microstructure hugely influences the material’s properties. We demonstrate an elegant machine learning (ML) algorithm that faithfully predicts the microstructure under new conditions, without the need of knowing the governing laws. We name this algorithm, RCWGAN-GP, which is regression-based conditional generative adversarial networks (GANs) with Wasserstein loss function and gradient penalty. This algorithm was trained with experimental SEM micrographs from laser-sintered alumina under various laser powers. The RCWGAN-GP realistically regenerates the SEM micrographs under the trained laser powers. Impressively, it also faithfully predicts the alumina’s microstructure under unexplored laser powers. The predicted microstructure features, including the shapes, sizes, and spatial configuration of the grains and the pores, match the experimental SEM micrographs very well. We further examine the statistical features of the micrograph, which were predicted by RCWCAN-GP. We trained the algorithm with computer-created micrograph datasets of secondary-phase growth governed by the well-known Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation. The RCWGAN-GP accurately regenerates the micrographs at the trained time series, in terms of the grains’ shapes, sizes, and spatial distributions. More importantly, the predicted secondary phase fraction accurately follows the JMA curve.
The 30 October 2020 Samos (Eastern Aegean Sea) Earthquake: effects of source rupture, path and local-site conditions on the observed and simulated ground motions
Authors: Akinci Aybige , Cheloni Daniele , DINDAR AHMET ANIL
Published: February 2021

On 30 October 2020 a MW 7.0 earthquake occurred in the eastern Aegean Sea, between the Greek island of Samos and Turkey’s Aegean coast, causing considerable seismic damage and deaths, especially in the Turkish city of Izmir, approximately 70 km from the epicenter. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the Samos earthquake, starting from the fault rupture to the ground motion characteristics. We first use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) data to constrain the source mechanisms. Then, we utilize this information to analyze the ground motion characteristics of the mainshock in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), and spectral pseudo-accelerations. Modelling of geodetic data shows that the Samos earthquake ruptured a NNE-dipping normal fault located offshore north of Samos, with up to 2.5-3 m of slip and an estimated geodetic moment of 3.3 ⨯ 1019 Nm (MW 7.0). Although low PGA were induced by the earthquake, the ground shaking was strongly amplified in Izmir throughout the alluvial sediments. Structural damage observed in Izmir reveals the potential of seismic risk due to the local site effects. To better understand the earthquake characteristics, we generated and compared stochastic strong ground motions with the observed ground motion parameters as well as the ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs), exploring also the efficacy of the region-specific parameters which may be improved to better predict the expected ground shaking from future large earthquakes in the region.
Purification and Characterization of Lipase Enzyme From Endophytic Bacillus Pumilus WSS5 for Application in Detergent Industry
Authors: Khan Sofia Sharief , Verma vijeshwar , Rasool Shafaq
Published: February 2021

Lipolytic enzymes from endophytic microbes have been the focus of intense and growing research in view of the applicability of such enzymes in various industrial applications and endophytic microorganisms may emerge as a potential source of lipases with distinct characteristics. The current work involved purification and characterization of the lipase from an endophytic-bacteria isolated from the stem of Withania somnifera L. Dunal. Based on the analysis of morphology and 16S rDNA sequence, the endophytic bacteria was identified as Bacillus pumilus and designated as B. pumilus WSS5. Purified lipase from the B. pumilus WSS5 was found to be of 28 KDa as revealed by SDS-PAGE with optimum activity at 37°C and pH 8. The enzyme was found to be stable over a broad pH range of 6.0–9.0 and temperature stability was in the range of 10°C to 60°C. The enzyme activity was enhanced in the presence of organic solvents like Ethyl acetate, Methanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and ethanol. The stability of the enzyme in presence of various metal ions, surfactants, inhibitors, and kinetic parameters value suggested that this enzyme could be exploited in leather and detergent industries.In addition, the stain removal potential of the crude and purified lipase was determined on cotton fabric pieces stained with vegetable oil. Lipase added to water along with detergent significantly enhanced the stain removal efficiency of a commercially available detergent. The current findings suggest the potential of B. pumilus WSS5 lipase owing to promising properties such as the alkali-thermostability, organic solvent-tolerance, and broad substrate specificity that makes it a strong candidate for application in detergent formulations, biotransformation, industries, and medicine. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the purification and characterization of lipase from bacterial endophyte isolated from the stem of Withania somnifera L. Dunal.
A Study on the Mechanism and Kinetic of Nitrate Reduction by the nZVI-g-C3N4/TiO2  Composite Under the Simulated Sunlight
Authors: Wei Linyu , Tian Jing , Wang Qing , Liu Yuanyuan , Yu Yi , Yang Chun
Published: February 2021

g-C3N4/TiO2 composite has excellent photoelectric properties and is considered as a good carrier of nanoparticles. A novel composite of nZVI-g-C3N4/TiO2 was successfully synthesized through in-situ growth nZVI on the surface of g-C3N4/TiO2 with liquid phase reduction method. The composite was characterized by TEM, XRD, EDS and evaluated its nitrate removal efficiency. The effects of composite dosage, solution initial pH and HCOOH concentration on nitrate reduction were investigated. The results showed that nitrate was rapidly reduced by nZVI-g-C3N4/TiO2 composite. The dosage of 4 g/L nZVI-g-C3N4/TiO2 composite and 3.0 mM of HCOOH concentration was more suitable for nitrate reduction. Solution initial pH had little impact on the nitrate reduction efficiency, but affected the proportion of the nitrate reduction products. The mechanism of nitrate reduction in the nZVI-gC3N4/TiO2/HCOOH-Xe-lamp system was proposed. The nZVI-gC3N4/TiO2 composite could be considered as a viable and promising technology for water pollution remediation.
Influence of different sheet compositions and commercial adhesives on the performance of multilaminated plywood
Authors: Setter Carine , Zidanes Uasmim Lira , Miranda Eduardo Hélio de Novais , Brito Flávia Maria Silva , Mendes Lourival Marin , Junior José Benedito Guimarães
Published: February 2021

The quality of plywood panels depends on factors such as the forest species and the adhesive used in their production, and understanding the interferences of these factors in the final properties of the plywood is of fundamental importance. The study aimed to develop multilaminate plywood panels with two forest species and two types of adhesive and to evaluate the influences of these factors (forest species and adhesive) on the physical and mechanical properties of the plywood. The panels were produced with sheets of parica and pine with two types of adhesives, urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde, with a weight of 150 g/cm². Then, each set was pressed for 10 minutes under a specific pressure of 0.98 MPa at a temperature of 150 °C. Three panels were produced for each type of blade and adhesive, totaling four treatments. The plywood was evaluated for physical properties (humidity, bulk density, and water absorption) and mechanical properties (parallel and perpendicular static flexion and resistance to mechanical shear). The results showed that the forest species had a greater influence on physical and mechanical properties, with the best results being observed for plywood produced with pine. The panels with sheets of parica and phenol-formaldehyde adhesive showed less moisture. The apparent density of the panels should be considered as it positively influenced the mechanical properties and negatively impacted water absorption. It is concluded that the plywood produced can be used for internal and external applications. However, it is indicated for structural purposes as it did not meet the requirements of the NBR 31.000.001/2:2001.
Novel Concept on the Enhancement of Conventional Solar Still Performance via Constant Heat Rate Supply to the Saline Water 
Authors: El-Maghlany Wael M. , massoud enass , Elhelw mohamed
Published: February 2021

One of most reduction reasons of simple conventional solar still productivity is the coupling between high solar intensity and the high ambient temperature in the same time. The high intensity increases the saline water temperature while the outside temperature increases the glass temperature and consequently reduction in saline water and glass temperature difference leads to reduction in condensation and productivity. The present theoretical study focuses on the completion of the absorbed solar energy in the basin to be constant during the day. The basin water will be in high temperature level all day especially at the time of low outside temperature far away the noon. The absorbed heat in the basin is held constant at αw Imax by extra heat from wind turbine power with battery storage system all day hours. The results show that, the solar still productivity with constant heat supply is more than that with same amount of variable energy during sun rise time only (6 AM to 6 PM) by 69.133 %. So, constant absorbed heat in the water basin (αw Imax) through the 24 hr of the day enhances the performance with productivity up to 248 % with the hybrid solar and electric power consumption of the wind turbine power. The water in the basin is held constant at 2 cm via makeup water to compensate the evaporation rate.
Determinants of Preconception care among Pregnant Women In an Urban and a Rural Health Facility In Kenya: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Okemo Joan Khavugwi , Kamya Dorothy , Mwaniki Abraham Mukaindo , Temmerman Marleen
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUNDPreconception care (PCC) is a form of preventive health care that is offered to women and couples before conception, with the aim of improving their health status and mitigating various risk factors that could contribute to poor maternal and child health outcomes. The levels of PCC utilization are still low globally, especially in developing countries and in the rural areas. Little is known regarding PCC use in Kenya that could help in bridging this gap. This study aimed to assess the determinants of PCC in urban and rural settings in Kenya.METHODSSelected pregnant women seeking antenatal care (ANC) were recruited by purposive sampling at the Mother and Child Health (MCH) clinics in Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUH, N-urban) and Maragua Level Four Hospital (MLFH-rural). A qualitative approach was employed to assess determinants of PCC using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically.RESULTS A total of 26 women were invited, of whom 21 accepted to participate in in-depth interviews (IDIs). Saturation of themes occurred after 13 interviews (7 at AKUH and 6 at MLFH).Transcription, coding and thematic analysis of the IDIs yielded 12 main themes. Eleven of the main themes were identified as determinants of PCC while the twelfth theme contained suggested strategies of increasing PCC awareness and utilization, such as using the media, setting up PCC clinics and integrating PCC into other clinics. The dominant themes were awareness about PCC and attitudes towards PCC and pregnancy.The broad determinants of PCC were similar in urban and rural settings – with a few notable exceptions. For example, in the rural setting, women’s level of education and a pervasive history of poor interactions with healthcare providers were major determinants of PCC.CONCLUSIONFrom this study we conclude that women’s lack of awareness about PCC, in conjunction with attitudes towards PCC and pregnancy impact strongly on its utilization. This lack of awareness could be addressed through health education programs for both the public and for healthcare providers, as well as integrating PCC in the curricula of nurses and doctors.
The Role of FDX1 in Granulosa Cell of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: wang zhi , Dong Hui , Yang Li , Yi Ping , Wang Qing , Huang Dongmei
Published: February 2021

Background: To explore the development mechanism of PCOS and Transcriptomics was applied to seek the key gene.Methods: Transcriptomics marked by UID (unique identifier) technique of granulosa cell in PCOS and control women was measured. RT-PCR was applied to verify the key gene. Two kinds of PCOS models modeling with Letrozole and Testosterone Propionate were applied to verify the key gene of granulosa cell in PCOS. Results: The outcome of GO-enrich of transcriptomics concentrated in steroid metabolism and mitochondria. The different genes were sought from coexisting in both steroid and mitochondria. Finally, five different genes including CYP11A1、CYB5R1、STAR、FDX1 and AMACR were obtained. RT-PCR was administrated to furtherly verify the downregulating FDX1 in PCOS, which showed the consistent outcome with the transcriptomics. FDX1 in granulosa cell of antral follicle in both PCOS model rats was measured and was lower than control rats, which was consistent in two kinds of PCOS models. Conclusion: FDX1 was related with steroid metabolism and mitochondrial and may participate in the development of PCOS.
Two novel biallelic mutations in PSMC3IP in a Chinese patient affected by primary ovarian insufficiency: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mei Libin , Huang Lingling , Huang Yanru , Wu Xiaoling , He Huang , He XueMei , Su Zhiying , Li Ping
Published: February 2021

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous condition occurring when a woman experiences a loss of ovarian activity before the age of 40. It is one of the most common reproductive endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age. Here, we investigated the clinical manifestations and genetic features of a Chinese patient affected by POI.Methods: We applied next-generation whole-exome capture sequencing with Sanger direct sequencing to the proband and her clinically unaffected family members. Results: Two novel compound heterozygous mutations were identified in the PSMC3IP gene. The first is a splicing mutation (c.597+1G>T) that was inherited from her father, while the second mutation (c.268G>C p.D90H) was also discovered in her mother and younger sister. The two mutations were co-segregated with the disease phenotype in the family. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of PSMC3IP mutations causing POI in the Chinese population. Our findings further support the key role of the PSMC3IP gene in the etiology of POI. However, additional studies are required to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.
Patient’s perspective regarding the elective surgical procedure during Covid 19 pandemic.
Authors: Badkur Mayank , Puranik Ashok , Sharma Naveen , Baskaran Suruthi
Published: February 2021

Context: The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent nationwide lockdown, has impacted all aspects of society including the medical profession. In hospitals, the focus has mainly shifted to prevention and treatment of Covid-19 infection. Owing to this, all elective surgeries are being postponed and only emergent surgeries are being performed. This has affected the patients differently depending on the progression of disease and development of complications.Methods and Material: A well-structured telephonic scripted questionnaire was administered to all patients who were given an appointment for any elective surgery. Data was collected regarding the status of disease including complications and the patient’s perspective on the method of treatment. Patients who developed complications or underwent emergency surgery or surgery elsewhere were excluded.Statistical analysis used: Collected data was entered in MS Office Excel spreadsheet and analysis was done using SPSS software.Results: The man to women ratio was 2.3:1. The mean age of patients was 41.16 years. A total of 86 patients were included in the study. Almost all (98.8%) were aware that the lockdown and withholding of elective surgeries were directed to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection. Among 34 patients with progressive disease, 88.2% were willing to undergo the surgical procedure and 73.5% were willing to visit hospital within a week or two. Among 46 patients, who were Willing to continue the treatment on wait and watch policy, 45.7% patients wanted to wait for more than 2 months for their treatment, and 93.5% patients were avoiding hospital visit because of infection.Conclusions: Patient’s attitude towards the choice of treatment (wait and watch Vs surgery) mainly depended on the progression of disease. It is critical, during these tough times of Covid-19 pandemic, that risks are weighed against benefits to decide the line of management for patients waiting for elective surgeries.
Environmental DNA provides greater insight to biodiversity and ecosystem function compared to traditional approaches, via spatio-temporal nestedness and turnover partitioning
Authors: Seymour Mathew , Edwards Francois , Cosby Jack , Scarlet Pete , Bista Iliana , Brailsford Francesca , Glanville Helen , Bruyn Mark de , Carvalho Gary , Creer Simon
Published: February 2021

Rapidly assessing biodiversity is essential for environmental monitoring, however traditional approaches are limited in the scope needed for most ecological systems. Environmental DNA (eDNA) based assessment offers increased scope, while reducing cost and time, compared to traditional methods. Here we investigated the effects of landuse and seasonality on headwater community richness and functional diversity, to assess spatio-temporal dynamics between eDNA and traditional methods. Environmental DNA provided greater biodiversity resolution with both methods resulting in complementary findings. Community richness was seasonally linked, peaking in spring and summer, with temporal turnover having a greater effect on community composition compared to localized nestedness. Our assessment of ecosystem function shows community formation is driven by regional resource availability, implying regional management requirements. Our findings show that eDNA based ecological assessment is a powerful, rapid and effective assessment strategy that enables complex spatio-temporal studies of community diversity and ecosystem function previously unavailable by traditional means.
Intra-mitochondrial disulfide polymerization controls cancer cell necroptosis
Authors: Kim Sangpil , Jana Batakrishna , Go Eun Min , Lee Ji Eun , Jin Seongeon , Sim Youjung , Son Sehee , Kim Dohyun , Kim Chaekyu , Kwak Sang Kyu , Ryu Ja-Hyoung
Published: February 2021

In a biological system, energy-consuming reactions to attain a biological dissipative state are ubiquitous, and mimicking such reactions is a great challenge in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report an intra-mitochondrial polymerization strategy for constructing macroscopic structures using a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dissipative system. This is the first time that the occurrence of disulfide polymerization inside cancer mitochondria owing to the high ROS concentration of cancer mitochondria is reported. This polymerization hardly occurred inside cells owing to the intracellular reductive environment. The polymerization process of a thiol-containing monomer further increases the ROS level inside the mitochondria, thereby enabling the autocatalytic process to accelerate polymerization and induce mitochondrial dysfunction. This in-situ polymerization shows great potential for anticancer treatment against various cancer cell lines, including drug-resistant cancer cells.