bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kastamonu ilinin merkez köylerinde üretilen tereyağlarının bazı mikrobiyolojik ve fizikokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Tahmas Kahyaoğlu Deren , Musaoğlu Gizem
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırmada Kastamonu ilinin merkez köylerinde üretilip piyasaya sunulan tereyağlarının bazı mikrobiyolojik ve fizikokimyasal özellikleri incelenmiştir.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Araştırmada kullanılan 13 adet tereyağı örneği 2021 yılının Nisan-Mayıs aylarında üretim yapan köylülerden temin edilmiştir. Tereyağı örneklerinde toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri, MRS agarda gelişen laktik asit bakterileri, M17 agarda gelişen laktik asit bakterileri, koliform grubu bakteri, maya ve küf sayıları sırasıyla 5.34-7.07; 3.47-5.71; 3.60-6.62; <2-3.88; 2.30-4.07; <2-4.74 log kob/g arasında, kurumadde, yağ, yağsız kurumadde, titrasyon asitliği, asit değeri, peroksit değeri, sabunlaşma sayısı, Reichert-Meissl sayısı, polenske sayısı, kırılma indisi, erime noktası, L, a, b değerleri sırasıyla %78.14-87.98; %77.50-86.40; %0.69-1.97; %0.241-0.292; 0.63-1.24 mg KOH/g yağ; 0.00-1.60 meqO2/kg yağ; 212.74-234.69; 20.34-28.13; 0.88-1.45; 1.4565-1.4580; 34.00-37.00°C; 80.59-85.72; (-2.48)-(-3.50); (+18.45)-(+23.73) arasında tespit edilmiştir.Genel Yorum: Tereyağı örnekleri ortalama değerler gözönüne alındığında fizikokimyasal özellikler açısından uygun bulunurken mikrobiyolojik analizler sonucunda özellikle maya ve küf sayıları bakımından yetersiz kalitede tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumun üretim esnasında hijyen kurallarına uyulmadığından ve/veya örneklerin uygun şartlarda depolanmadığından ileri geldiği düşünülmektedir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu çalışmada Kastamonu ilinin merkez köylerinde üretilen tereyağları incelenmiş ve elde edilen sonuçlar genel olarak tereyağlarının fizikokimyasal özellikler açısından Türk Gıda Kodeksi Tereyağı, Diğer Süt Yağı Esaslı Sürülebilir Ürünler ve Sadeyağ Tebliği’yle, TS 1331-Tereyağı Standardı’yla ve araştırmacılar tarafından yapılan diğer çalışma sonuçlarıyla uyumlu bulunmuştur. Ancak özellikle maya ve küf sayıları bakımından tereyağı örneklerinin hiçbirinin yeterli kalitede olmadığı görülmüştür. Özellikle günümüzde köylerde üretilen ürünlere daha sağlıklı olduğu düşüncesiyle talebin artması halk sağlığı açısından üreticilerin tereyağı üretimi ve hijyen konularında bilgilendirilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır.
Bazı yabancı badem çeşitlerinin Gaziantep ekolojisindeki verim ve meyve özellikleri
Authors: Bayazit Safder , Alaz Mustafa
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Gaziantep ili ekolojik koşullarında dikimi 2008 yılında gerçekleştirilmiş ve çöğür anacı üzerine aşılı Texas, Nonpareil, Mandalay, Marta, Ruby, Padre, Primorski, Picantili, D. Larguetta ve Sonora badem çeşitlerinin verim ve meyve özellikleri 2 yıl süreyle belirlenmiştir. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamında ağaç vaşına verim (kg/ağaç), kabuklu meyve ağırlığı (g), kabuklu meyve boyutları (en, boy, yükseklik) (mm), kabuk kalınlığı (mm), iç badem ağırlığı (g), iç badem boyutları (en, boy, yükseklik) (mm) ve iç badem oranı (%) belirlenmiştir. Ağaç başına verim 2018 yılı ölçümlerinde 4.18 kg (Primorski) ile 7.83 kg (Marta) ve 2020 yılında ise 3.67 kg (Primorski) ile 8.67 kg (Padre) arasında değişmiştir. Ortalama kabuklu badem ağırlığı araştırmanın iki yılında da Sonora çeşidinde (1.43 g ve 1.52 g) düşük olurken, Desmayo Largueta çeşidinde (3.17 g ve 3.44 g) yüksek olmuştur. İç badem ağırlığı Primorski ve Texas çeşitlerinde düşük olurken, Mandalay, Ruby ve Sonora çeşitlerinde 1 g’ın üzerinde gerçekleşmiştir. 2018 yılında gerçekleştirilen analizlerde yağ içeriği %39.20 (Ruby) ile %50.82 (Primorski) arasında, protein oranı ise %17.60 (Nonpareil) ile %26.00 (Mandalay) arasında değişmiştir. Genel Yorum: Gaziantep ili ekolojik koşullarında 2 yıl süreyle gerçekleştirilen bu araştırma neticesinde denemede yer alan 10 adet badem çeşidinden çeşit özeliklerine yakın değerler elde edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen araştırma sonucunda Primorski çeşidinin düşük verimli olmasının yanında iç badem ağırlığının da düşük olması nedeniyle bölge için uygun olmadığı düşünülmektedir. İç badem oranının düşük olması nedeniyle Gaziantep ili koşullarında D. Larguetta çeşidinin de önerilmemesi gerektiği de araştırma sonucu ile ortaya konulmuştur.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Diğer sert kabuklu meyve türlerinde olduğu şekilde bademin besin içeriğinin anlaşılması ve öteki meyve türlerine kıyasla dünya genelinde üretiminin az olmasına bağlı olarak market satış fiyatlarının çok yüksek olması badem üretimini teşvik etmiştir. Bu amaçla çeşit geliştirme çalışmalarının yetersiz kalması nedeniyle yabancı badem çeşitleri ülkemize getirilmiş ve farklı bölgelerdeki performansları saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bitkisel üretimde ekolojiye göre yetiştirilecek meyve tür ve çeşitlerinin seçimi önem taşımaktadır. Bir bölge için çeşit seçiminde dikkat edilmesi gereken önemli faktörler ekolojik koşulların uygunluğu olup sıcaklık ve sulama koşulları meyve yetiştiriciliğini en fazla sınırlandıran faktörlerdendir. Bu nedenle farklı ekolojik koşullarda, ekonomik anlamda yetiştiriciliği yapılabilecek meyve türlerine ait çeşitlerin performansına yönelik çalışmalar önem kazanmaktadır.
Evaluation of population density of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on different canola varieties in Hatay province
Authors: Demirel Nihat
Published: July 2022

Aims: Evaluation of population density of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), on different canola varieties in Hatay province.Methods and Results: The study was conducted in 2007-2009 to evaluate population density of diamondback moth on different canola varieties in Hatay province. The study was carried out in six different canola 'Hydromel', 'Elvis', 'Sarı', 'Lycosmos', 'Hunter' and 'Sory' varieties. Samplings were done by using a 45-cm diameter sweep-net, taking 25 (back-forth) sweep samples per site. The DBM larvae were sorted out from plant materials, counted and recorded for each of the sampling locality and canola variety in order to evaluate population density of P. xylostella. After three years of the study, the population density of pest varied in each of the sampling year and variety of canola. In 2007, a total of 348 DBM larvae were caught by sweep-net on five different canola varieties and canola fields. The largest mean of DBM larvae catches by sweep-net were recorded on 15 May on variety of ‘Lycosmos’. In 2008, A total of 1009 DBM larvae were caught by sweep-net on four different canola varieties and eleven canola fields. The largest mean of catches by sweep-net were recorded on 10 April on variety of ‘Elvis’ (Atçana III), followed by variety of ‘Hunter’ (Demirköprü I), ‘Sarı’ (Demirköprü I), ‘Lycosmos’ (Demirköprü II). In 2009, a total of 75 DBM larvae were caught by sweep-net on canola variety. The largest number of DBM larvae catches by sweep-net were recorded on 22 April, followed by 20 May. Conclusions: The highest number of the DBM larvae were caught by sweep-net in May, following in April in three years. In addition, the highest number of the DBM larvae were caught by sweep-net on variety of ‘Lycosmos’, following by ‘Elvis’, and ‘Sarı’ cultivars.Significance and Impact of the Study: The diamondback moth is important pest of brassica vegetable and oilseed crops in Turkey. The highest number of the DBM larvae were caught by sweep-net in May, following in April during the sampling periods. In addition, the highest number of the DBM larvae were caught by sweep-net on variety of ‘Lycosmos’, following by ‘Elvis’, and ‘Sarı’ cultivars.
Edukasi Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan Covid 19 Varian Terbaru Omicron Kepada Masyarakat Desa Renon
Authors: Lay Hero , Gorda A.A.Ngr. Eddy Supriyadinata , Gorda Anak Agung Ngurah Oka Suryadinatha
Published: July 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 telah banyak memberikan dampak kepada seluruh masyarakat di berbagai lapisan dan sektor kehidupan selama dua tahun pandemi dan virus corona Covid-19 masih terus mengalami mutasi. Berdasarkan survei mandiri dan wawancara yang dilakukan di desa renon banjar klod denpasar selatan menemukan bahwa masih kurangnya disiplin warga dalam mematuhi protokol kesehatan dalam menghadapi covid 19 ini sehingga menimbulkan kecemasan kepada warga sekitar. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada warga desa renon dalam bentuk edukasi protokol kesehatan secara langsung dari rumah ke rumah dan membagikan selebaran tentang gejala dan bahaya dari covid 19 varian terbaru omicron. Sasaran dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah warga desa renon banjar klod yang dilaksanakan pada Tahun 2022. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah terdapat peningkatan pemahaman warga Desa Renon tentang virus ini.
PERKEMBANGAN PENELITIAN PENGELOLAAN WAKAF: SEBUAH ANALISIS BIBLIOMETRIK
Authors: Mahbubi Luthfi Anwar , Muhafidin Didin , Karlina Nina
Published: July 2022

This study aims to understand the global publication’s trend on waqf management around the world until April 2022. This descriptive bibliometric study was conducted by utilizing a literature review from Scopus database. VOSviewer software is used to visualize the results. The analysis carried out includes publication trend, contributions based on country of origin, journals distribution, the most cited articles, bibliographic coupling analysis, and keyword analysis. The results showed that the number of publications on waqf management had increased since its inception in 2007 to April 2022. Malaysia is the country with the most researchers to produce 29 articles. The article entitled “Waqf Accounting and Management in Indonesian Waqf Institutions: The Cases of Two Waqf Foundations” from the journal Humanomics is the most cited with a total of 27 citations. Waqf, waqf management, and cash waqf are the top three most discussed keywords. The keywords "sustainable development", "muslim community", and "history" are not widely discussed. Thus, research on waqf management in the future can raise further issues related to sustainable development, Muslim communities, and history.Keywords: Bibliometrics, Scopus Database, VOSviewer, Waqf Management Kata Kunci: bibliometric; database scopus; pengelolaan wakaf; VOSviewer
Powerful Flare Phenomena in Water Vapor Maser Lines in the Emerging Protostellar System with Protoplanetary Disks IRAS 16293-2422
Authors: Volvach A. E. , Volvach L. N. , Larionov M. G.
Published: July 2022

According to the detailed monitoring of the water maser at a frequency of 22.2 GHz from 2019 to 2021 in IRAS 16293-2422, two powerful phenomena that occurred at radial velocities of about 6 and 8 km s−1 were detected. Each flare phenomenon consisted of several separate flares lasting no more than a month. The existence of the several emitting maser spot configurations with very close radial velocities, located in the line of sight of the observer, were confirmed for the first time. This made possible to demonstrate the plausibility of the water maser activation hypothesis based on an increase in the amplification length of the maser due to several maser condensations. In both cases, powerful short flares were located on the top of less powerful, but more prolonged ones. Their radiation initiated the release of more powerful flares. The broad Doppler spectral lines of less powerful flares indicate that their masers are probably in a saturated state, while more powerful masers are in unsaturated state. New important parameters of water masers have been obtained, including flare amplitudes, maser line widths, H2O kinetic temperatures during flares, data on the relaxation time of the maser medium, and the fact of existence of a cascade amplification of the water maser in cases of powerful short flares. The possible localization of water masers at features near 6 and 8 km s−1 within the young gas and dust complex IRAS 16293-2422 is also discussed in this work.
Recent Updates to the Gas-phase Chemical Reactions and Molecular Lines in CLOUDY: Their Effects on Millimeter and Submillimeter Molecular Line Predictions
Authors: Shaw Gargi , Ferland G. J. , Chatzikos M.
Published: July 2022

Here, we present our current updates to the gas-phase chemical reaction rates and molecular lines in the spectral synthesis code cloudy, and its implications in spectroscopic modeling of various astrophysical environments. We include energy levels, and radiative and collisional rates for HF, CF+, HC3N, ArH+, HCl, HCN, CN, CH, and CH2. Simultaneously, we expand our molecular network involving these molecules. For this purpose, we have added 561 new reactions and have updated the existing 165 molecular reaction rates involving these molecules. As a result, cloudy now predicts all the lines arising from these nine molecules. In addition, we also update H2–H2 collisional data up to rotational levels J = 31 for v = 0. We demonstrate spectroscopic simulations of these molecules for a few astrophysical environments. Our existing model for globules in the Crab Nebula successfully predicts the observed column density of ArH+. Our model predicts a detectable amount of HeH+, OH+, and CH+ for the Crab Nebula. We also model the interstellar medium toward HD185418, W31C, and NGC 253, and our predictions match with most of the observed column densities within the observed error bars. Very often molecular lines trace various physical conditions. Hence, this update will be very supportive for spectroscopic modeling of various astrophysical environments, particularly involving submillimeter and mid-infrared observations using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the James Webb Space Telescope, respectively.
Taxonomic review of Gallardoneris nonatoi (Ramos, 1976) comb. nov. (Annelida, Lumbrineridae), and description of a new species of Lumbrineris from the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Martin Daniel , Estefa Jordi , Gil João
Published: July 2022

The small LumbrineridaeGallardoneris iberica Martins, Carrera-Parra, Quintino & Rodrigues, 2012 was first described as new to science based on specimens from Portuguese waters. Then, it was successively reported from several south European areas, including Spain, Italy, Greece, and Cyprus. Here evidence is presented that G. iberica should be placed in synonymy with Lumbrineris nonatoi Ramos, 1976, originally described from NW Mediterranean waters, a species that fits with the diagnosis of Gallardoneris. Based on specimens from the French coasts of the NW Mediterranean, this paper (1) redescribes the species using the new combination Gallardoneris nonatoi (Ramos, 1976) and (2) provides a morphometric analysis of its main morphological characters. The lack of recent reports of G. nonatoicomb. nov. in Mediterranean waters is presumably due to the recent redescription of the species as L. nonatoi based on specimens from the Gulf of Mexico. However, these specimens belong to Lumbrineris, as currently defined. By assessing their morphological differences, it is concluded that the specimens from the Gulf of Mexico represent a different and new species, namely Lumbrineris jansp. nov. Also discussed is the possible assignation of Lumbrineris longipodiata Cantone, 1990, a poorly known species seldom recorded since its original description from the Gulf of Catania (Mediterranean Sea) to Gallardoneris, as well as on whether it is a valid species or may be an additional junior synonym of G. nonatoicomb. nov.
Scrobipalpulopsis aguilaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), the first representative of the genus discovered in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile
Authors: Vargas Héctor A.
Published: July 2022

Genitalia morphology of a new gnorimoschemine micromoth (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae, Gelechiinae, Gnorimoschemini) discovered in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, fits the original description of Scrobipalpulopsis Povolný, 1987, a genus previously synonymized with Scrobipalpula Povolný, 1964. The generic assignment of the new species was assessed using a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. The new species, the type species of Scrobipalpulopsis and another species recently transferred from this genus to Scrobipalpula were grouped in a monophyletic cluster distantly related to that of Scrobipalpula. Furthermore, an ancestral state reconstruction analysis suggested that the presence of two pairs of processes on the vinculum in the male genitalia represents a synapomorphy for the cluster of three species. Accordingly, the revalidation of Scrobipalpulopsisgen. rev. (type species Phthorimaea stirodes Meyrick, 1931) and the reinstated combination Scrobipalpulopsis lutescella (Clarke, 1934) comb. rev. are proposed. The micromoth Scrobipalpulopsis aguilaensissp. nov., whose larvae feed on inflorescences of the Chilean endemic Glandularia gynobasis (Verbenaceae), is described and illustrated. Genetic divergence with congenerics was found to be 2.5–4.4% (K2P). This discovery represents the first record of Scrobipalpulopsis from the Atacama Desert.
Alternative Uses of O-Arm and Stealth Navigation Technology Over 10 Years: The University of Colorado Experience
Authors: Delcont Mellissa R. , Ou-Yang David C. , Burger Evalina L. , Patel Vikas V. , Wessell Nolan M. , Kleck Christopher J.
Published: July 2022

Intraoperative computed tomography scanning with O-arm and use of Stealth navigation can improve surgical outcomes in a variety of orthopedic subspecialties. In spine surgery, the accuracy, precision, and safety of pedicle screw and interbody implant placement has improved. This technology is now routinely used in percutaneous pedicle screw placement and minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion. Other applications include, but are not limited to, isthmic pars defect repair, lumbosacral pseudoarticulation resection in Bertolotti's syndrome, radiofrequency ablation, and en bloc tumor resection. Intraoperative navigation has numerous applications, and use of this technology should continue to evolve as the technology advances. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(2):e89–e97.]
Pleomorphic Liposarcoma Revisited
Authors: Hadjimichael Argyris C. , Bekos Achilles , Tsukamoto Shinji , Nitta Yuji , Righi Alberto , Errani Costantino , Mavrogenis Andreas F.
Published: July 2022

Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is the rarest and more aggressive subtype of liposarcomas, accounting for 10% of all liposarcomas. The diagnosis should be considered after the detection of multivacuolated pleomorphic lipoblasts in biopsy specimens. Wide-margin resection is the treatment of choice. Complementary treatment options, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, are debatable in terms of their contribution to curing patients with PLPS. This article reviews the clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics of PLPS and discusses the latest trends in the management, therapeutic strategies, and novel investigations of the subject. [
Orthopedics
. 2023;46(2):e72–e80.]
Asset price bubbles in markets with transaction costs
Authors: Biagini Francesca , Reitsam Thomas
Published: July 2022

We study asset price bubbles in market models with proportional transaction costs \begin{document}$ \lambda\in (0, 1) $\end{document} and finite time horizon \begin{document}$ T $\end{document} in the setting of [49]. By following [29], we define the fundamental value \begin{document}$ F $\end{document} of a risky asset \begin{document}$ S $\end{document} as the price of a super-replicating portfolio for a position terminating in one unit of the asset and zero cash. We then obtain a dual representation for the fundamental value by using the super-replication theorem of [50]. We say that an asset price has a bubble if its fundamental value differs from the ask-price \begin{document}$ (1+\lambda)S $\end{document}. We investigate the impact of transaction costs on asset price bubbles and show that our model intrinsically includes the birth of a bubble.
Variational approach to non-instantaneous impulsive differential equations with $ p $-Laplacian operator
Authors: Yao Wangjin
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we consider the existence, multiplicity and nonexistence of solutions for a class of $ p $-Laplacian differential equations with non-instantaneous impulses. By using variational methods and critical point theory, we obtain that the impulsive problem has at least one nontrivial solution, at least two nontrivial solutions and no nontrivial solution.
Preferential Expansion of Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells in CTLA-4–Deficient and CTLA-4–Haploinsufficient C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Stohl William , Yu Ning , Wu Ying
Published: July 2022

Foxp3+ cells and CTLA-4 have been ascribed major roles in downregulating immune responses. To address the relationship between CTLA-4 expression and Foxp3+ cells, we generated littermate CTLA-4–sufficient (Ctla4+/+), CTLA-4–haploinsufficient (Ctla4+/−), and CTLA-4–deficient (Ctla4−/−) Foxp3-gfp knock-in C57BL/6 mice, permitting us to characterize the phenotype of Foxp3+ cells and to test their ex vivo T regulatory (Treg) suppressor activity. CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells, but not CD19+ cells, were markedly expanded in Ctla4−/− mice compared with Ctla4+/+ or Ctla4+/− mice. In Ctla4−/− mice, the relative expansion of the Foxp3+ population was greater than that of the CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ populations because of increased survival of Foxp3+ cells. Foxp3+ Treg cells from Ctla4−/− mice and Foxp3+ Treg cells from Ctla4+/+ mice exerted identical ex vivo suppressor function. This may be related to differential expression of GITR, CD73, and CD39 on Foxp3+ Treg cells from Ctla4−/− mice versus that on corresponding cells from littermate Ctla4+/+ or Ctla4+/− mice, with GITR and CD39 being upregulated and CD73 being downregulated on Foxp3+ Treg cells from Ctla4−/− mice. Moreover, CTLA-4 expression in Ctla4+/+, Ctla4+/−, and Ctla4−/− mice correlated with their percentages of Foxp3+ cells, suggesting an important role for CTLA-4 expression in Treg cell homeostasis. This may have vital ramifications for the treatment of patients for whom augmentation of suppressor function would be beneficial (e.g., patients with autoimmune diseases) and for whom diminution of suppressor function would be beneficial (e.g., patients with cancer).
Inflammation Controls Susceptibility of Immune-Experienced Mice to Sepsis
Authors: Berton Roger R , Jensen Isaac J , Harty John T , Griffith Thomas S , Badovinac Vladimir P
Published: July 2022

Sepsis, an amplified immune response to systemic infection that leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction, affects >125,000 people/day worldwide with 20% mortality. Modest therapeutic progress for sepsis has been made, in part because of the lack of therapeutic translatability between mouse-based experimental models and humans. One potential reason for this difference stems from the extensive use of immunologically naive specific pathogen-free mice in preclinical research. To address this issue, we used sequential infections with well-defined BSL-2 pathogens to establish a novel immune-experienced mouse model (specific pathogen experienced [SPexp]) to determine the extent to which immunological experience and/or inflammation influences the host capacity to respond to subsequent infections, including sepsis. Consistent with their immunological experience, SPexp inbred or outbred mice had significant changes in the composition and activation status of multiple leukocyte populations known to influence the severity of cecal ligation and puncture–induced sepsis. Importantly, by varying the timing of sepsis induction, we found the level of basal inflammation controls sepsis-induced morbidity and mortality in SPexp mice. In addition, although a beneficial role of NK cells in sepsis was recently demonstrated in specific pathogen-free mice, NK cell depletion before cecal ligation and puncture induction in SPexp mice lead to diminished mortality, suggesting NK cells may have beneficial or detrimental roles in the response to septic insult dependent on host immune status. Thus, data highlight the importance of utilizing immune-experienced models for preclinical studies to interrogate the cellular/molecular mechanism(s) that could be therapeutically exploited during severe and dysregulated infection-induced inflammatory responses, such as sepsis.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Renal Diets among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kanagarajah Saumiya , Velraja Supriya , Arambakkam Hemamalini Janardhanan
Published: July 2022

Background:

Malnutrition and mineral disparities has become increasingly common in patients with the end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis (HD). Lack of nutritional knowledge is one of the most significant reasons for nutritional problems leading to improper practice and causing several complications. The objectives of the study were to asses the nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice of HD patients regarding renal diet, to counsel the patients on HD dietary guidelines and to determine the association of factors such as income and education level on nutrition management of HD Patients. To assess the nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice of HD patients regarding renal diet. To counsel the patients on HD dietary guidelines. To determine the association of factors such as income and education level on nutrition management of HD patients.

Methods:

A total of 120 patients undergoing HD were assessed for the level of nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice, regarding HD dietary guidelines, using a validated questionnaire.

Results:

About 60.3% of HD patients had excellent knowledge, 60% had excellent attitude, and 40% had excellent practices. There is a significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude, as well as knowledge and practice (r < 0.01) of the patients undergoing HD regarding renal diet. There is also a significant association between the knowledge, attitude, and practice scores with the selected demographical variables (education level and income) of patients at the significance level of P < 0.001.

Conclusion:

Although majority of the patients have excellent knowledge, attitude, and practice, a notable number of patients are unaware about their dietary guidelines and do not adhere to the dietary regime that needs to be followed. Diet counseling by a renal dietitian using a nutrition education module can effectively upgrade the nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice of HD dietary guidelines by the patients.
Research Advances of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Shengqi , Wang Neng , Wang Zhiyu
Published: July 2022

Tumorigenesis are closely associated with the immune function of the human body. Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel and promising treatment strategy in multiple malignancies in the 21st century. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been extensively used for cancer treatment in China and surrounding countries for it exerts efficient therapeutic effects with few side effects. In recent years, studies have demonstrated that TCM plays a unique and reliable role in regulating tumor immunity. TCM can enhance the antitumor immune response function by regulating the secretion of cytokines, reshaping the balance of immune cells, and regulating immune checkpoints to relieve the immunosuppression. In addition, TCM can reduce the side effects (e.g., cytokine storm) of cancer immunotherapy. Based on the current research of active immunotherapy and passive immunotherapy, this review summarizes the potential applications and existing problems of TCM in tumor immunotherapy. This review may be helpful in illuminating the scientific basis of TCM in tumor immunotherapy, promoting its internationalization, as well as shedding innovating new strategies for the development of tumor immunotherapy.
A note on Lagrangian submanifolds in symplectic -manifolds
Authors: Zhang Yuguang
Published: July 2022

This short paper shows a topological obstruction of the existence of certain Lagrangian submanifolds in symplectic
$4m$
-manifolds.
Seroprevalence of Zika Virus among Forest Fringe Communities in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah: General Population-Based Study
Authors: Khoo Hooi-Yuen , Lee Hai-Yen , Khor Chee-Sieng , Tan Kim-Kee , bin Hassan Mohd Rohaizat , Wong Chin Mun , Agustar Hani Kartini , Samsusah Nadia Aqilla , Rahim Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul , bin Jeffree Mohd Saffree , Yusof Nur Athirah , Haron Noor Ain , binti Amin Zarina , Hod Rozita , AbuBakar Sazaly
Published: July 2022

Zika virus (ZIKV) has had a history in Malaysia since its first isolation in 1966. However, it is believed that the immunity status among forest fringe communities has been underreported. We conducted cross-sectional surveillance of forest fringe communities from 10 Orang Asli villages and their peripheral communities in Perak, Pahang, and Sabah in Malaysia. A total of 706 samples were collected from 2019 to 2020 and screened for ZIKV exposure using an anti-ZIKV IgG ELISA kit. A neutralization assay against ZIKV was used to confirm the reactive samples. The seroprevalence results reported from the study of this population in Malaysia were 21.0% (n = 148, 95% CI, 0.183–0.273) after confirmation with a foci reduction neutralization test. The presence of neutralizing antibodies provides evidence that the studied forest fringe communities in Malaysia have been exposed to ZIKV. Multivariate analysis showed that those older than 44 years and those with an education below the university level had been exposed significantly to ZIKV. In addition, higher seropositivity rates to ZIKV were also reported among secondary school students from Bentong (Pahang) and residents from Segaliud (Sabah). No associations were identified between Zika seropositivity and gender, household size, house radius to the jungle, and income level. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV among the study population might indicate that the causative pathogen had already circulated widely in forest fringe regions. Intervention for vector control, protection from mosquito bites, and awareness improvement should be encouraged in this population.
Clinical Utility of Combined Whole-cell Antigen and Recombinant Hemolysis Co-regulated Protein 1-Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays Reveals Underdiagnosed Cases of Melioidosis in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Quyen T. L. , Nguyen Ha V. , Pham Huyen T. , Mai Tuan V. , Nguyen Quyen H. M. , Le Dzung V. , Bui Linh N. H. , Hoang Lan T. H. , Hoang Trung Q. , Trinh Trung T.
Published: July 2022

Melioidosis is a fatal infectious disease in the tropics and subtropics. Currently, bacterial culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of the disease, but its sensitivity is relatively low. In this study, we evaluated four ELISAs using sera collected from culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis (n = 63), cases with other bacterial infections (n = 62), and healthy donors (n = 60). Antigens used for ELISAs were the whole-cell (WC) antigens and recombinant proteins of hemolysis co-regulated protein 1 (Hcp1), chaperonin GroEL1, and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (AhpC). Using the cutoff values for optical density at 490 nm defined at a specificity of > 95%, the sensitivity of the WC, Hcp1, GroEL1, and AhpC ELISAs was 93.7%, 87.3%, 61.9%, and 57.1%, respectively. The combined WC/Hcp1 ELISA showed the greatest sensitivity and specificity of 98.4% and 95.1%, respectively. Of 511 and 500 sera collected from clinically suspected febrile patients admitted to the General Hospital of Ha Tinh Province and the Hue Central Hospital, respectively, combined WC/Hcp1 ELISAs showed 52 (10.2%) and 41 (8.2%) patients positive for melioidosis, respectively. The assay detected 14 of 14 (100%) and 21 of 23 (91.3%) culture-confirmed cases of melioidosis at Ha Tinh and Hue, respectively. A follow-up study of 38 patients positive for melioidosis by combined WC/Hcp1 ELISAs but negative for Burkholderia pseudomallei by culture method or not assigned to examine for bacterial culture resulted in 2 (5.3%) culture-reconfirmed patients with melioidosis, 9 (23.7%) deaths, 17 (44.7%) unhealthy patients, and 10 (26.3%) healthy persons. Combined WC/Hcp1 ELISA was a reliable serological method to detect underdiagnosed cases of melioidosis. Further investigations are needed to estimate the true sensitivity and specificity of the assay and the true number of cases of melioidosis.
A Low-Resource Oxygen Blender Prototype for Use in Modified Bubble CPAP Circuits: Results from Design Feasibility Workshops
Authors: Wu Andrew G. , Luch Sreyleak , Floersch Jared R. , Keester Adam , Slusher Tina M. , Fischer Gwenyth A. , Hale Joseph E. , Bjorklund Ashley R.
Published: July 2022

Bubble CPAP is used in low-resource settings to support children with pneumonia. Low-cost modifications of bubble CPAP using 100% oxygen introduces the risk of hyperoxia. Our team developed a low-cost, readily constructible oxygen blender to lower the oxygen concentration. The next step in development was to test its construction among new users and ascertain three outcomes: construction time, outflow oxygen concentration, and an assessment of the user experience. Workshops were conducted in two countries. Instructions were delivered using a live demonstration, a video, and written instructions in the respective native language. Twelve volunteers participated. Average construction times were 24 minutes for the first attempt and 15 minutes for the second. The oxygen concentrations were 53–63% and 41–51% for the 5 and 10 mm entrainment ports, respectively. This novel, low-cost oxygen blender for bubble CPAP can be constructed among new users with reliable performance across devices.
Development, Calibration and Validation of a Tribological Simulation Model for the Piston Ring Pack of a Large Gas Engine
Authors: Weiß Desirée , Posch Stefan , Engelmayer Michael , Wimmer Andreas
Published: July 2022

Increasing demands regarding the efficiency and emissions of internal combustion engines will require higher peak firing pressures and increased indicated mean effective pressures in the future. Adaptation of these parameters will result in higher thermal and mechanical loads that act on core engine components. To meet the future requirements, it is essential to make changes to the design of the tribological system, which is composed of the piston, piston rings, liner and lube oil, while maintaining the robustness and reliability of the engine and its components. Modification of the tribological system requires in-depth knowledge of wear and friction.

This paper presents the setup of a model of the tribological system (piston, piston rings, liner and lube oil) of a large gas engine in the commercial software AVL EXCITE™ Piston&Rings as well as its calibration and validation with data obtained from a test bed. Initial analysis of necessary input data has revealed a high number (>300) of different parameters, some of which are known and others that have to be determined. Strategies are identified for how missing input data can be specified or generated with appropriate tools. The model is calibrated with respect to blow-by and lube oil consumption data measured on the test bed at two different load points. Subsequent validation shows satisfactory agreement between simulation and measurements. A final summary proposes how the extensive and time-consuming process of setting up, calibrating and validating the presented model could be complemented by the integration of data-driven models and sensitivity analysis approaches.
Ultra Flow, High Stiffness Polypropylene Material for Light Weight Exterior Trim Panels
Authors: Govindaraj Karthik , Vimalathithan Murukesan , Yanamandra Bharadwaja , D. Venkatesan
Published: July 2022

Light weighting is an effective strategy in increasing energy efficiency in the automotive industry. In this paper, mass reduction with cost benefit was targeted in an exterior trim panel. Polypropylene copolymer (PPCP) compound was developed for a large exterior trim panel (1400 X 700mm) having an integrated grill mesh. The part had challenging requirements in terms of slow speed impact, structural durability, dimensional stability, aesthetics, thermal ageing resistance, cold impact resistance, scratch resistance and weathering resistance. By having ultra-high flow behavior, optimum tensile strength, modulus, impact strength and thermal properties, the PPCP compound met the requirements for a thin wall exterior trim panel with a thickness of 2.6mm.

Structural durability of the design was validated by virtual engineering. Part design and material combinations with better tooling design iterations were analyzed by using mold flow analysis. Complete product performances were being validated for predefined key test metrics such as structural durability, thermal aging, cold impact, scratch resistance and weathering criteria. This part met the required specification. The combination of material, optimized part and tool design led to weight savings, good surface quality, dimensional stability under sun load, grill integration and considerable cost reduction.
Polyetherimide for Magnet Wire Applications
Authors: Kim Sang Hoon , Lee Dae Ho
Published: July 2022

Magnet wire is composed of a conducting core and thin layer of electrical insulation. Copper (Cu) is typically used as conducting core, and various polymers such as polyamideimide, polyimide, and polyesterimide are used for electrical insulation. The role of the magnet wire is related to the interchange between electrical and mechanical energy for energy transformation application such as transformers, motors, generators etc. Currently, the electric vehicles (EV) industry is growing rapidly and demands on related components are therefore increasing. Compared to the combustion engine, EV needs more electrical power with higher voltages or higher currents, which can increase probability of electrical discharge. The degradation of the insulation layer can occur by polymer bond breakage due to electrical stresses under partial discharge. To keep high performance under higher voltage, insulating polymers should have high heat and chemical resistance as well as low water absorption. In addition, the adhesion between the insulating polymer and Cu should be sufficient to prevent crack issues. As an incumbent solution, polyamideimide (PAI) and polyimide (PI) is being used for this application in a varnish form. However, PAI absorbs moisture in humid environments or when immersed in water (up to 5% weight), which can cause reliability issues [1]. PI shows very poor adhesion strength with the conducting core due to its stiffness and low surface energy [2, 3], which can cause reliability problems for magnet wires [4]. Therefore, there are strong demands to solve such issues like improvements in dielectric strength, water resistance, and high heat resistance. In this report, we will share the results of excellent flexibility, adhesion, and electrical performance of polyetherimide (PEI, ULTEM™ resin) based varnish as a high voltage insulation material.
LES-Predicted Flow Patterning in a Newly-Designed Reference Test Sample with Relevance to IC Engine-Related Cooling Channels
Authors: Wegt Sebastian , Klink Artur , Reitz Rüdiger , Hussong Jeanette , Oechsner Matthias , Jakirlic Suad
Published: July 2022

A test sample configuration with a circular cross-section has been conceptualized to reproduce all geometrically relevant flow-guided elements - straight segments, deflections, bifurcations, impingement regions, confluence - as they can also be found in the cooling systems of realistic Internal Combustion (IC) engines. This newly-designed reference test sample is termed as Water Spider Geometry (WSG), with the shape inspired by the flow guidance around an IC engine cylinder head. Computational investigations are carried out within the framework of a BMWi (German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy) project by applying a well-resolved, highly comprehensive Large Eddy Simulation aiming at providing a meaningful assessment of the isothermal flow topology within the WSG. The basis forms a fully-hexahedral, block-structured grid arrangement comprising 290 million cells with the results considered to be a reference solution for further investigations.
Experimental Investigation and Comparison of a Decalin/Butylcyclohexane Based Naphthenic Bio-Blendstock Surrogate Fuel in a Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Ristow Hadlich Rodrigo , Ran Zhongnan , Yang Ruinan , Assanis Dimitris , Mante Ofei , Dayton David
Published: July 2022

Many efforts have been made in recent years to find renewable replacements for fossil fuels that can reduce the carbon footprint without compromising combustion performance. Bio-blendstock oil developed from woody biomass using a reliable thermochemical conversion method known as catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP), along with hydrotreating upgrading has the potential to deliver on this renewable promise. To further our understanding of naphthenic-rich bio-blendstock oils, an improved formulation surrogate fuel (SF), SF1.01, featuring decalin and butylcyclohexane naphthenic content was devised and blended with research-grade No.2 diesel (DF2) at various volume percentages. The blends were experimentally evaluated in a single-cylinder Ricardo Hydra compression ignition engine to quantify engine and emissions performance of SF1.01/DF2 blends. Injection timing events were varied from knock limit to misfire limit at the same operating conditions for all blends. A decrease in the engine power output was observed as the SF content was increased due to lower combustion efficiency, yielding slightly higher CO and THC emissions. Higher SF content also correlated with a significant decrease in the PM emissions. NOx emissions were minimal as they fell below detectable limits. A comparison is also presented between DF2 and previously published SF1/DF2 blends that featured only decalin as the naphthenic content. It was found that butylcyclohexane is more desirable from a combustion performance and emissions characteristic than decalin for the composition of the naphthenic content. A bio-blendstock oil of similar composition to the evaluated SF would be a good candidate for displacing fossil-derived heavy petroleum distillate fuels in engine applications.
Low-Temperature NO
x
Reduction by H
2
in Diesel Engine Exhaust
Authors: Esser Enno , Kureti Sven , Heckemüller Lukas , Todt Arne , Eilts Peter , Morawietz Tobias , Friedrich Andreas , Waiblinger Wendelin , Hosseiny Schwan , Bunar Frank
Published: July 2022

For the NOx removal from diesel exhaust, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and lean NOx traps are established technologies. However, these procedures lack efficiency below 200 °C, which is of importance for city driving and cold start phases. Thus, the present paper deals with the development of a novel low-temperature deNOx strategy implying the catalytic NOx reduction by hydrogen. For the investigations, a highly active H2-deNOx catalyst, originally engineered for lean H2 combustion engines, was employed. This Pt-based catalyst reached peak NOx conversion of 95 % in synthetic diesel exhaust with N2 selectivities up to 80 %. Additionally, driving cycle tests on a diesel engine test bench were also performed to evaluate the H2-deNOx performance under practical conditions. For this purpose, a diesel oxidation catalyst, a diesel particulate filter and a H2 injection nozzle with mixing unit were placed upstream to the full size H2-deNOx catalyst. As a result, the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC), urban cycle segment of the Common Artemis Driving Cycle (CADC UC) and Transport for London Urban Inter Peak (TfL UIP) driving cycle revealed NOx conversions up to 90 % at temperatures as low as 80 °C. However, outside the low-temperature region, H2-deNOx activity dropped significantly evidencing the need for an additional underfloor SCR system. Moreover, slight N2O formation was observed in the engine tests making further catalyst development necessary, since N2O is considered a critical component due to its global warming potential. Additionally, the H2 demand for low-temperature deNOx in diesel passenger cars was estimated and a novel on-board H2 production strategy based on DEF electrolysis was developed. This method provided both H2 as well as gaseous NH3. Subsequent simulations of H2 production demonstrate small size factors (≤ 525 cm3) and rather low energy consumption of the H2 supply unit, e.g. 0.25 kWh for the TfL UIP driving cycle.
Achieving Diesel Powertrain Ownership Parity in Battery Electric Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicles Using a Rapid Recurrent Recharging Architecture
Authors: Sujan Vivek Anand , Xie Fei , Smith David
Published: July 2022

Battery electric vehicles (BEV) in heavy duty (HD) commercial freight transport face challenging technoeconomic barriers to adoption. Specifically, beyond safety and compliance, fleet and operational logistics require both high up-time and parity with diesel system productivity/Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) to enable strong adoption of electrified powertrains. At present, relatively high energy storage prices coupled with the increased weight of BEV systems limit the practicality of HD commercial freight transport to shorter range applications, where smaller batteries will suffice for the mission energy requirements (single operational shift). This paper presents an approach to extend the feasibility of BEV HD trucking for a broad range of applications. The concept is based on the leveraging rapid and recurrent recharging of a BEV HD truck that may either already make frequent stops due to shipment drop-offs/reloading or be required to make frequent stops along with longer missions for recharging. While the challenges of the latter are well appreciated, the concept proposed explores making minimal impact to overall mission time by targeting high C-rate charging while optimizing the frequency (miles) through which these events must occur. The concept optimizes battery size and chemistry, such that the expected life (years and total energy throughput) is balanced with the depth of discharge between recharging events, thus making complete use of the energy available through the life of the battery system. The solution is constrained to minimize the impact on payload capacity. The paper analyzes critical levers in achieving diesel price parity (based on a simplified vehicle TCO), achieved through different purchase options (including lease versus buy) and operational models (half-life swap out). Finally, the paper identifies the application design domain where these solutions are viable with limited impact on fleet operations.
Koordynacja jako element nowoczesnej opieki nad pacjentem onkologicznym. Praca koordynatorów onkologicznych na przykładzie Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego w Krakowie
Authors: Domanik Beata
Published: July 2022

Coordination as an Element of Modern Oncological Patient Care – the Example of the Oncological Coordinators Work at the University Hospital in Krakow

The aim of this article is to look at coordination as a new approach to working with cancer patients. Knowledge about the physical, social, emotional, existential and spiritual consequences of the disease is the basis for the ability to assess to what extent disruptions in these spheres affect the well-being of the patient and his family. I present an example of the work of coordinators at the university hospital in Krakow in the context of knowledge on this subject from more advanced centers. Moreover, I confront the coordination approach with the work of oncology social workers. It is the oncology social workers who undertake effective interventions to deal with the consequences of the crisis caused by the disease and to strengthen the resources inherent in interpersonal relationships and in the patient’s environment. Professional social work, focused on strengthening the families of people with oncological diseases, is a special area that may extend the professional identity of a social worker to be active in the field, which although it is a statutory task of social work, its use in practice is not a common phenomenon. It seems an important combination of the work of oncology coordinators working in hospitals with the work of social workers working in patients’ living environments.