bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La transformation du jeu social entre les services publics et leurs agents
Authors: Charles-Le Bihan Danielle
Published: January 2024

The Transformation of the Social Interplay Between Public Services and their Staff

Danielle Charles-Le Bihan

The opening up in France of the major public services to competition has been accompanied by a sensitive social agenda, which has generated real confusion between public services and the State. Changes in the status of companies charged with carrying out public services and in that of their personnel, are linked to the destiny of the concept of public service. From the point of view of personnel status, this period of transition calls into question the traditional criteria establishing civil servant status and basic concepts such as the "mission" and the "organisation" of public services. Socio-professional relations are tom between the logic of the general interest (which civil servants are charged with pursuing) and the logic of the market place (which strongly imbues the developing contract culture). This change in social relations as the heart of businesses charged with the task of carrying out public services leads us to rethink the notion of public service in order to construct a new social legitimacy.
Les conditions de la réussite de la réforme de l'État et de la modernisation de l'administration
Authors: Gualezzi Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2024

The Conditions for the Success of State Reform and the Modernisation of the Administration

Jean-Pierre Gualezzi

Confronting a question which is eminently political, but the handling of which will rebound upon the future of millions of employées, public sector trade unions must, more so than in other areas, take their full measure of responsibility. But this is subject to two conditions. Reform should put into question neither the very essence of the notions of State and public service, nor the fondamental guarantees from which public sector employees benefit. Reform must be undertaken for, and with, employees and should not represent a form of entrapment for them. Hence the necessity to accompany reform with intense and appropriate social dialogue.
Des codes à la codification
Authors: Cassese Sabino
Published: January 2024

From Codes to Codification

The idea of codes, as they were conceived of in the 18th and 19th centuries, is currently being called into question by a series of factors which render the law much more obscure and complex. In order to address this situation various solutions are utilised in western democracies, amongst which features the codification of existing legal measures to retain law’s ‘constancy’, leading to the introduction of codes which are extremely different from those of the 18th and 19th centuries. They are, in effect, much more specialised and lay no claim to permanency, the aim of codification being in future to reduce the intermediaries between law and citizens.
L’utilisation de l’outil informatique : l'exemple du code général des collectivités territoriales
Authors: Catta Élisabeth , Tauziac Véronique
Published: January 2024

Making use of Information Technology The Example of the General Code for Local Government.

The Codification forms part of the public policy of rationalisation under the aegis of an institution (the Superior Commission on Codification). The use made of information technology to this end reduces the potential of traditional written forms of law. The creation of the general code for local government, the construction of which reflects an empirical approach, has enabled a method and a set of tools to be fashioned which pave the way for a new conception of the management and understanding of texts.
La codification et la reconstruction d’un système juridique en Roumanie
Authors: Popescu Sorin
Published: January 2024

Codification and Reconstruction of a Legal System in Romania.

Romania is a country which has a long tradition of codification, using it as a means to address the disorder of legal norms brought about by the period of transition. The legislative council has been charged with this task. Since 1991 it has identified the norms which constitute positive law and has proposed that parliament repeal more than 2,000 texts. Equally it plays an active part in the process of enacting new legislation.
L’accélération de l’action administrative
Authors: Chevallier Jacques
Published: January 2024

Speeding up the Pace of Administrative Action.

During the 1980s, France, following a trend set by other Western countries, developed amongst its policies of modernisation a programme for speeding up administrative action. This policy of acceleration, which calls into question a model of administration which is bureaucratic in nature, is being pursued via numerous reforms, ranging from a reduction in the time taken by the administration to respond to requests, to consideration of the means for bringing about changes in the structure of the administration. However, the bureaucratic model is resistant, even to the point of deviating from the objectives of the reforms. Furthermore, other aspects of the policies of modernising the administration require actions which may themselves contribute to a slowing down in the process of change. The protection of the rights of citizens, citizen participation in the running of the administration, the quest for improvement in efficiency ail appear to be imperatives of a higher order which eclipse the requirement for a quickening pace of administrative action.
La politique culturelle en France : les réformes envisageables
Authors: Rigaud Jacques
Published: January 2024

Cultural Policies in France : Imaginable Reforms.

Despite alternating political powers and the diversity of ministerial styles, there is a unity and a continuity of cultural policy under the Fifth Republic. But these days this cultural policy has its limits and the time has arrived to give it a new momentum. Thus, the creation of an inter-ministerial committee would allow the attention of all departments to be drawn to their cultural responsibilities. But especially it is via the reinforcement of links between national education and the world of culture that access by the greatest number to cultural practices may be developed.
Le gouvernement du Québec et l'autoroute de l'information : premières orientations politiques
Authors: Thivierge Robert
Published: January 2024

The Quebec Government and the Information Super-highway : Initial Political Trends.

The Secretariat for the information super-highway which was created by the government of Quebec in 1995 has been given the task of determining Quebec’s strategy for setting up the information super-highway and co-ordinating the execution of this strategy. The spheres for government action in this respect have been grouped into seven areas (education, culture, language ...) ; in each sphere objectives have been identified allowing the construction of action plans which will be put forward to the various ministries and bodies concerned. Numerous consultation exercises operating on this basis should lead to the introduction of a government-approved text which will constitute the strategy-plan for the development of the information super-highway.
L'apport des nouvelles technologies de traitement et de transfert de données pour les simplifications des formalités administratives
Authors: Prada Jean
Published: January 2024

The Assistance of Data Processing New Technologies and Data Transfer in Simplifying Administrative Formalities.

The administration, in its use of new technologies, is looking to improve the reliability of data and the simplification of its own methods of data processing. The simplification of the management of its ‘partners’ is too often relegated to second place. In the last few years progress has been made in this respect, which has led to account being taken of the constraints under which users operate. This new way of working has been the object of a close between actors in the economic sector and citizens.
L’implantation des technologies de l'information au Québec
Authors: Lemay Martial
Published: January 2024

The Instalment of Information Technologies in Quebec.

Technological changes are occurring at a time when international competition leaves little margin for manoeuvre open to governments and private companies. Hence it is an opportune moment to reflect upon the necessary conditions for success. Past experience shows that those with responsibility for the provision of services to the administration’s clientele have been charged with the management of administrative changes, that a certain number of technological choices have been made by governments and that every organisation has been decentralised. Changes in context and the evolution of new challenges mean an evaluation and substantiation of the conditions of success which operated in the past.
Comment les hauts fonctionnaires pourront-ils s'approprier les nouvelles technologies de l'information ?
Authors: Richard Jacky
Published: January 2024

How Might Civil Servants Make Use of New Information Technologies ?

The use of new information technologies encompasses three requirements : the need to distinguish between control over the operation and control over the output, the need to develop tools for piloting and for forward-looking management, and the need to construct frameworks for strategic coherence. What is at stake with regard to the new information technologies relates to their usage and not to their functioning.
La codification réformatrice. L'exemple du code civil québécois
Authors: Jutras Daniel
Published: January 2024

The Reformist Codification — the Example of the Civil Code of Quebec

As a result of much hard work Quebec has succeeded in totally revising its civil code. The 1994 attempt at codification is premised upon modernisation and appears more of a political than technical exercise. It is a truly reformist measure whose success logically depends upon its effectiveness. Any judgement of the code must take into account the pluralist nature of enacting legal norms.
Le saut de l’ange
Authors: Dreyfus Françoise
Published: January 2024

The Swallow Dive

Within the context of the advent of a democratic regime, the transformation of the administration is crucial for the success of public policies and, particularly for the credibility of the government, which is not judged on its intentions but on their realisation. This radical transformation must touch as much upon the organisation and management of the administration as upon the rules governing administrative personnel. Such a policy, entered into on a voluntary basis, and which is a strict condition for financial aid from the IMF and the World Bank, has to succeed quickly because it risks coming up against a multitude of obstacles which may put into doubt the electorate’s support for the government.
Lire la Constitution à travers le prisme de la philosophie morale
Authors: Meyerson Denise
Published: January 2024

Reading the Constitution Through the Lens of Moral Philosophy.

According to the Constitution, limitations to constitutional rights should not infringe the values of dignity, equality and freedom. This requires that the objectives of the state be submitted to a form of control which guarantees all citizens a significant degree of protection against state coercion. The state is obliged to justify any limit imposed upon a right which is protected by the Constitution in neutral terms, or in terms to which any reasonable citizen would attach a certain weight. Analysis of the implications of this test in the areas of freedom of religion and freedom of expression must not obscure the fact that control is of a general nature and may apply in numerous other areas as well. Finally, the obligation for the state to observe a certain neutrality has nothing to do with moral neutrality, neither with respect to the state’s position in the face of social and economic inequalities, nor with regard to the consequences of these inequalities on political life.
Le citoyen, le pouvoir et le droit administratif
Authors: Davis Dennis
Published: January 2024

Citizen, Power and Administrative Law.

The traditional distinction between public and private spheres is now less certain and more debatable than ever before. Globalisation and the development of private bodies with greater resources than many national governments require that we undertake the search for a better balance. This development is being taken into account in the new Constitutional era which has dawned in South Africa following the 1994 elections. The courts will, therefore, act as mediators in assessing the exercise of public and private powers and the aspirations of citizens.
Autriche : une fonction publique politisée en perte d’influence
Authors: Liegl Barbara
Published: January 2024

Austria : a Politicised Civil Service Losing its Influence.

The Austrian civil service presents several distinctive features which are rarely found in other countries. Austrian history demonstrates that, for a long time, a close relationship has been maintained between the civil service and politics. Study of this relationship reveals to what extent civil servants' membership of a political party could influence their career. It leads in particular to the question of whether or not political affiliation limits civil servants' freedom of action.
L’échec, mode d’emploi
Authors: Timsit Gérard
Published: January 2024

Failure, User’s Guide.

Failure might be for an institution just a type of apprenticeship. However, to reflect on reforms sends one back to quite a few myths that can be explained by the refutations of reality. A real critical and thought out session about reforms is needed and, in this regard, a few precautions must be taken. Administrative reform suffers, in fact, of an over rationalization of the object to which is applied and of an under rationalization of the strategies that are used. To evolve, one must use in the most rigorous manner possible a System of evaluation ex-post and ex-ante.
Les agences exécutives au Royaume-Uni et les questions de responsabilité
Authors: Harlow Carol
Published: January 2024

Next Steps Agencies and Problems of Accountability.

The term ‘accountability’ is a relatively modern interloper into the vocabulary of constitutional law, and its successful diffusion should almost certainly be regarded as significant. The word possesses no exact meaning and appears to embrace aspects of more traditional terminology of ‘responsibility’ and ‘control’. Next Steps Agencies are a technique of managerial administration designed specifically to increase accountability. But the examples given clearly illustrate the insufficiency of the present arrangements for accountability. This reform failure has caused problems at a political level concerning ministerial responsibility. Select Committees thereby continue to challenge the government and demand powers to question and discipline the real authors of administration.
Gouvernance et décentralisation. Leçons de l’expérience
Authors: Rosenbaum Allan
Published: January 2024

Governance and Decentralisation. Learning from Experience.

The decentralisation movement has thrived on the disillusionment surrounding the capacity of centralised systems to realise necessary reforms effectively. Amongst the advantages of decentralisation, the influence that it may have on civil society should be stressed. The existence of active local authorities brings with it a proliferation of opportunities for citizens to act. The fact that this opening may also have negative consequences should not be overlooked. Democratisation must be accompanied by a fair allocation of responsibilities. With there being no a priori applicable model, adjustments are inevitably necessary.
La protection des données personnelles en Espagne
Authors: Mestre Delgado Juan Francisco
Published: January 2024

Data Protection in Spain

Conform with the Spanish tradition, the organic law of 1992 concerning electronic data processing is situated within a perspective of protecting fundamental human rights. This law seems to be in conformity with both the Council of Europe's Convention of 20 January 1981, the direct applicability of which has been explicitly recognised by the Constitutional Court, and the European directive.
L’autorité de contrôle : «vues» de Bruxelles
Authors: Poullet Yves
Published: January 2024

The Supervisory Authority : 'Views' From Brussels

An examination of the situation in several countries (Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and the UK) with regard to the provisions of the European directive concerning the supervisory authorities reveals the stakes involved in the directive's transposition into domestic legal orders. The decisions of these supervisory bodies will in future be obligatory and therefore susceptible to judicial review. Their independence, which has been reinforced, leads to prioritisation of functional as opposed to organic criteria. New challenges emerge when putting into operation these provisions : such as co-operation, technical expertise and the risk of sectorisation.
La protection des données personnelles en dehors de l’Europe communautaire
Authors: Cadoux Louise
Published: January 2024

Data Protection Outside of the European Community

Most states remain unaffected by the movement towards data protection driving Europe, either because they have no regulation governing protection or because any such regulation is not binding. In requiring that the transfer of data outside of the Community be subject to the presence of an effective system of data protection in third countries, the European directive is spreading the message and working towards harmonisation in this area. This Community action is taking place within the context of the European Economic Area, among states which are seeking admission to the Community, but also is operating beyond this through international agreements.
La protection des données personnelles aux États-Unis : la réaction à la directive européenne
Authors: Rule James B.
Published: January 2024

Data Protection in the United States : the Reaction to the European Directive

The tensions which exist between American law and Community law on data protection reveal less a difference in starting position as in operation and institutional context. The conflict lies in the prohibition upon exporting personal data to countries which do not have an adequate level of protection. It is indisputable that the United States does not yet satisfy this criteria. While no legislative reform programme is envisaged, a solution may be found in the application of familiar principles such as self-regulation, thus allowing businesses or the commercial sector to fulfil the Community requirement. However, to this day self-regulation has yet to really prove itself in this area.
De l’indépendance à la liberté
Authors: Carcassonne Guy
Published: January 2024

From Independence to Freedom.

The ultimate goal of supreme audit institutions ought not to be independence, but freedom. Independence requires working autonomously beyond all influences. Freedom, on the other hand, implies close but honest collaboration between the supreme audit institutions and their interlocutors ; close collaboration with the media too, who are an effective means for giving weight to the exercise of controlling public finances. The development of a more managerial and less economic or legal perspective is desirable.
La sécurité : une nouvelle politique
Authors: Gleizal Jean-Jacques
Published: January 2024

Security : a New Policy.

Measures taken in 1997 mark a turning point in the history of security policies in France. They highlight the implications of security measures and seek to globalise problems while defining a multitude of specific strategies from police reforms to measures taken to reduce violence in schools. Current pertinent choices include co-ordinating and zoning actions in order to reduce social inequalities and working at both national and European levels. Yet there remain questions of political orientation which merit close scrutiny and sociological analysis. The gamble of new public policies cannot be won unless there is a change in institutional culture so that institutions recognise the power of negotiation of ail social partners.
L'état du syndicalisme policier
Authors: Loubet Del Bayle Jean-Louis
Published: January 2024

The State of Trade-Unionism in the Police.

The level of trade-union membership is exceptionally high in the police force. Trade-unionism in the police is therefore strong ; it is equally autonomous but also divided, due notably to its categorised nature. Following on from the 1980s, when a union, the FASP, occupied centre stage pursuing a policy of co-management with governing authorities, unionism in the police has entered a complex phase of recomposition and regrouping, marked by internal crises and demands for the pursuit of corporate interests.
Les politiques de prévention en Europe
Authors: Marcus Michel
Published: January 2024

Prevention Policies in Europe.

In Europe policies for fighting crime have traditionally respected two traditions, with a divide operating between northern and southern countries. The spectacular rise in crime, and in comparable forms, is leading to a coming together of European policies. These policies are primarily centred around prevention at Community level.
Le nouveau cadre de la politique monétaire britannique
Authors: Jackson Brian
Published: January 2024

The New Framework of British Monetary Policy ; The high inflation which has hit the United Kingdom during the last thirty years can be attributed largely to strategie errors resulting from numerous failings in the conception and carrying-out of monetary policy. The platform of monetary policy has been specifically designed in order to résolve these problems. It is founded upon a better understanding of the real rôle of monetary policy and starts from the premise that it is necessary to fix precisely both objectives and procedures and to ensure greater transparency. This programme has until now brought about positive results. Since it was put into effect inflation has been moderated, has stablised and neared its objective, the economy is growing solidly and there is an improvement in the employment market.
Questions d’un jacobin anglais aux régionalistes français [Pouvoirs, 1981]
Authors: Wright Vincent
Published: January 2024

Questions from an English Jacobin to French Regionalists ; Regionalisation does not seem to be the System best able to respond to the needs identified by regionalists themselves. According to regionalists, decentralisation should increase administrative efficiency, create a more rational and more just framework for economie action and be more democratie. Analyses show, however, that a centralised State is often more apt at responding to these requirements.
Genèse et évolution de l’administration fédérale mexicaine
Authors: Carrillo Castro Alejandro
Published: January 2024

The Genesis and Evolution of Mexican Federal Administration.

From its independence in 1821 until today there has been a considerable increase in the size of the executive in Mexico. While initially there were only four ministries, there are now nineteen supported by numerous secretaries of state. Today the federal administration in Mexico is organised according to central structures which are adjuncts to the state. These central structures are orientated around the President of the Republic, head of the executive, who carries out his activities with the assistance of a number of organs designed exclusively to help facilitate decision-making and with the aid of ail the ministries and secretaries of state.
De nouvelles stratégies pour la gestion des ressources humaines dans le secteur public
Authors: Vázquez Cano Luis
Published: January 2024

New Strategies for Human Resources Management in the Public Sector.

The Mexican government has placed civil servants at the centre of its reform of the administration. The primary objective is to revalue the work of the civil service, taking into account the aspirations and the personal competences of each civil servant. This reevaluation will encourage professionalisation, including an improvement in recruitment procedures, the introduction of a career structure, and continuing education which is personalised thanks to new information technologies and new forms of communication. Professionalisation, which is an irreversible phenomenon, must depend upon the involvement of civil servants themselves, but also upon those in positions of management and upon each and every citizen.
Les partis politiques face au devenir du système hydraulique de la zone métropolitaine de la ville de Mexico
Authors: Janetti María Emilia
Published: January 2024

Political Parties and the Future of the Hydraulic System of Mexico City’s Metropolitan Zone.

Management of Mexico City’s hydraulic system implies taking into account simultaneously both short-term needs and the necessity of sustainable development. These two objectives are, however, contradictory. Significant areas of the federal district of Mexico are only partially, or not at all, connected to the water and sanitation networks. Yet, at the same time, overuse of water resources has extremely serious consequences. Political parties have traditionally privileged short-term considerations, especially at election time. They do, however, have an important role to play through the education of their supporters and personnel and through the reflections they may bring to bear upon debates concerning urban development in the decades to come.
La réforme politique de l’État
Authors: Gonzales Paras José Natividad
Published: January 2024

Political Reform of the State.

Political reform of the state is framed within a dialectic relationship between continuity and change. The objective of political reform is to continue to improve the quality of life of our fellow citizens through the improvement of democratic processes. The foundations of the Mexican state cannot be, nor ought they to be, called into question, especially its republican tradition and its federalist structure. Democratic processes must, however, be adapted in order to ensure a better balance of powers, a modernised federalism, greater pluralism through the neutrality of, and equality of access to, the media, integration of indigenous communities and greater citizen participation.
Le gouverneur civil en Espagne : « un préfet pas comme les autres » — origine, développement et disparition
Authors: Alba Carlos R.
Published: January 2024

The Civil Governor in Spain : ‘a Prefect who is Not Like the Rest’ Origins, Development and Disappearance

The office of civil govemor in Spain had a number of precedents. Created in 1849 as the unique high civil authority in each province, the govemor had administrative and political functions. However, from the end of the 19th century, the corporate interests of each ministry progressively reduced the area of competences of civil govemors which became limited to matters of public order. The regime which succeeded the Spanish civil war reaffirmed the end of the govemors’ competence in administrative matters and reinforced their political role. While a representative of central power, the civil governor was also head of local administration. The Constitution of 1978, however, introduced a government delegate who was hierarchically superior, and then the 1997 statute on the organisation and functioning of State general administration dealt a fatal blow by replacing the civil govemor with a sub-delegate of the government, who is subordinate to the government delegate.
Le modèle français du sport
Authors: Barreau Gérard
Published: January 2024

The French Sport Model.

France constitutes an original model of sport, which is mixed system with state interventionism and private initiative.
Les conditions politiques de la réforme de l’État au Japon. Le fonctionnement du «marché politique» et la légitimité à l’épreuve de la crise
Authors: Bouissou Jean-Marie
Published: January 2024

The Political Conditions for Reform of the State in Japan. The functioning of the «Political Market » and Legitimacy Put to the Test by Crisis

Contrary to what is suggested by a reductionist view, reform of Japan’s central administration since 1993 has proceeded less from a confrontation between senior civil servants and those in electoral office, as from the development of relations between political, managerial and administrative elites. This particularly complex game, influenced by globalisation and the internal logic of the Japanese political System, has enabled, in particular, the legitimacy of the political sphere to be restored. In fact, the process of State reform reveals a redefinition of the rules of the political game, marked by a renewal of discourses and the emergence of new actors. However, will this evolution, which has tended to increase the power of the new political elites to the detriment of senior civil servants, bring about institutional modifications likely to perpetuate similar developments.
L’administration pénitentiaire française : l’évolution de ses publics et de ses missions
Authors: Gorce Isabelle
Published: January 2024

French Prison Administration : Evolution of its Audience and Missions

Often regarded as an essentially orderly administration, grappling with social conflicts, prisoners’ riots and dramatic escapes, the french prison administration is also seen as backward-looking. Nevertheless, it is one of the most secure penitentiary Systems of administration in Europe and one which has undergone sweeping changes over the last twenty years in its methods of handling prisoners as well as in its organisation and tasks. It is this reform which is traced in this article.
N’enfermons pas la peine ! La place du milieu ouvert dans les politiques pénitentiaires
Authors: Faucher Pascal , Lavielle Bruno , Mesnil du Buisson Godefroy du , Vigier Philippe
Published: January 2024

Liberating Sentencing Policy !

The Place of Open Prisons in Penitentiary Policies

Penitentiary policies have undergone a certain number of changes influenced in particular by the quest for alternatives to incarceration and the desire on the part of society for a ‘zero’ risk guarantee. These transformations may be the object of various critiques which suggest the need to underline the necessity to reorganise the two functions of open prisons -surveillance and social rehabilitation.
La politique pénitentiaire, un défi pour l’administration
Authors: Viallet Martine
Published: January 2024

Detention Policy — a Challenge for the Administration

The specificity of detention policy has led the legislature and the administration to experiment and be creative in adopting original solutions. Thus, french detention policy is marked by both its precursory aspects and its occasional archaic remnants.
La réforme de la carte pénitentiaire : vers une rationalisation et une modernisation du système pénitentiaire français
Authors: Bluet Sandrine , Lallement Éric
Published: January 2024

Reform of the Penitentiary Map : Towards a Rationalisation and Modernisation of the French Penitentiary System

The historic development of the french penitentiary System has brought about a number of geographical disparities. Consequently, reform of the penitentiary map has not so much aimed to increase the capacity to accept inmates as to harmonize of the geographical spread of places according to a general indicator. Moreover, this reform has tended to the reaffirmation of a number of principles regarding the functioning of the public penitentiary service, such as detention in individual cells, a progressive approach to the period of incarceration, and localness as a factor in placing detainees.
Le contrôle des établissements pénitentiaires
Authors: Buisson Jacques
Published: January 2024

Control Over Prisons

The Canivet Commission on improving extemal control over penal establishments underlined the present deficiencies : a System of multiple and imperfect internal checks and a System of supranational control which, while real, is too distant. Thus, in its report, the Commission traces the key guidelines for reforming control over prisons which should be an extemal activity and should take into account the specificity of prison administration.
La réforme pénitentiaire en Belgique : administration et statut juridique des détenus
Authors: Mary Philippe
Published: January 2024

Prison Reform in Belgium : Administration and Legal Status of Prisoners

In 1996, for the first time, an ambitious process of legislative prison reform was launched in Belgium. Nevertheless, and despite real political will to achieve a successful solution, the proposed reform reserves a role for the administration which inevitably brings with it the seeds of substantial difficulties as regards its application. In fact, the prison policy which has been introduced does not take into account the overall functioning of the criminal justice System in Belgium.
Témoignages d’anciens auditeurs de l’IIAP
Authors: Romulo Acurio , Bantchev Stoyan , Yadav Surendra Singh , Becerril-Maillefert Carolina , Ould Bah Mohameden , Hanna Simon
Published: January 2024

Interviews with Former IIAP Auditors

Former IIPA auditors Carolina Becerril, Hanna Simon, Ould Bah, Stoyan Bantchev, Hervé N’Kom, Acurio Romulo, Surendra Yadav speak about the material and psychological aspects of their experience at the Institute, the ways in which they benefited from their training, and how their careers have evolved since.
L’évolution de la demande et des enjeux de la coopération administrative
Authors: Delaye Bruno
Published: January 2024

New Needs and Priorities in Administrative Cooperation

If the ultimate goal of administrative cooperation is to enforce the rule of law and respect for the basic principles of good govemance — transparency, responsibility, accountability and ethics, its most immediate tasks are the improvement of administrative efficiency, the enhancement of user services, the implementation and evaluation of public policies. However, merely promoting the French administrative model no longer fulfills the requirements of the country’s policy of influence and solidarity. It has become necessary for France to modemize what it has to offer in the field of administration and adapt this offer to the needs of its various partners. In a rapidly changing national and international context, top priority has been given to the renewal of French administrative cooperation.
La Commission européenne et la coopération administrative
Authors: Zahra Bernard
Published: January 2024

The European Commission and Administrative Cooperation

Although the European Community was initially created without the support of administrative cooperation, the European Commission soon realized the importance of setting up such frameworks. Different forms of cooperation thus emerged, enabling the Commission not only to exercise its own authority but also, as in the changeover to the euro, to include national policy-making within the construction process of the European Union. More recently, still other forms of cooperation have been set up by the Commission in numerous areas extending beyond the scope of European competence, and a number of these projects involve countries outside the European Union.
Le rôle des fondations politiques en République fédérale d’Allemagne
Authors: Speer Benedikt
Published: January 2024

The Role of Political Foundations in Germany

Due to their close ties with political parties, German foundations play a significant role in the foreign and development policies of Germany. Although their role is not easy to determine from a scientific standpoint, they nevertheless have a considerable and constant influence on Germany’s foreign and cooperation policies, as shown, for example, by their support to democratie opposition in several countries, particularly in Central America. Thus, despite financial restrictions which may affect their activities, the role of these political foundations will probably increase in the coming years.
Food Consumption Behavior in Bandung Post COVID-19 Pandemic Emergence
Authors: Nugraha Yosephine Carolina , Wissen Sabrina , Kurniawan Shafira Putri
Published: January 2024

This research was done to discern changes in food consumption behavior in Indonesia two years after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary data for this research was gathered through questionnaires distributed from 26 June 2022 until 26 July 2022 to 258 respondents living in Bandung, Indonesia, using a simple random sampling method, which was then processed with SPSS. Results showed that people’s food consumption levels increased. Furthermore, changes in food consumption behavior are also identified, such as increased grocery and food purchases through online applications and increased cooking time. People also eat with their family more often, rather than eating out. The relatively more controlled COVID-19 situation also made people calmer and felt no need to stock up on foods with longer storage lives. This research faces a limitation regarding its respondents’ diversity. Follow-up research can be conducted to address the decrease in personal employees’ work level identified in this research
THE INFLUENCE OF SALES GROWTH, COMPANY SIZE AND FIXED ASSET INTENSITY ON TAX AVOIDANCE
Authors: Handayani Puspita , Ratnasari Fina , Nursita Meta
Published: January 2024

In Indonesia, inconsistencies frequently arise between the planned tax revenue and budgeting and the actual realization, with tax avoidance being a notable contributing factor. Tax avoidance refers to a company's lawful attempts to decrease tax payments by exploiting legal loopholes. While it is within legal bounds, widespread utilization of this practice by numerous companies can adversely impact government tax revenues, leading to substantial losses for the country. The objective of this research is to examine and assess the impact of sales growth, company size, and fixed asset intensity on tax avoidance. The research employs a causal approach, utilizing secondary data. Documentation method was employed for data collection, sourced from the Indonesian Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id). The study population consists of Property and Real Estate companies listed on the IDX from 2017 to 2022, totaling 97 companies. Purposive sampling was employed, resulting in a sample size of 66. Descriptive statistical analysis, panel data regression model estimation, classical assumption tests, and goodness of fit model tests were employed for data analysis using the Eviews 12 program. The findings reveal no significant influence of sales growth on tax avoidance, while company size and fixed asset intensity exhibit a noteworthy impact. Simultaneously, all tested independent variables exhibit a positive effect on tax avoidance. The coefficient of determination for the research model is 38.55%. Suggestions for future research include incorporating additional independent variables and, if feasible, intervening and moderating variables related to tax avoidance.
Economic Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment in South Asia
Authors: Shah Mumtaz Hussain
Published: January 2024

Two fundamental questions about multinationals global investment behaviour are: Why do some nations receive more Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) than others? and How do multinational companies select which countries to invest in? This paper will try to answer both of them by analysing the significance of the presence of rigorous economic institutions in five SAARC member nations, that are, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Pakistan for multinational investors from the five major OECD outward FDI makers, that are, United States of America, United Kingdom, France, Japan and Germany. The long-term characteristic of FDI vis-à-vis the host economy makes the existence of resilient economic institutions a desirable pre requisite. Specifically for the ones like a SAARC member that lacks abundant natural resources to lure overseas investors. The provision of such assistance reduces their scepticism of the host nation.
Dyadic data from 1997-2021 for FDI from the source into the host nations is used for regression analyses. Results from random effect panel estimation technique shows that among the institutional indicators the ones’ regulating labour disputes, business and credit issues and favourable business conditions related to freedom of international trading, from Economic Freedom of the World Index provided by the Fraser Institute significantly influences overseas investors from the major OECD economies in SAARC. Germany is the leading investor and India proves to be the most sought after FDI destination.
The Nexus of Green HRM and Organizational Performance with a Moderation of Sustainable Leadership: From the Perspective of HR Managers
Authors: Zafar Imran , Ejaz Khurram , Gul Saliha
Published: January 2024

The study intends to examine the effect of green HRM on organization performance with moderating role sustainable leadership. The population of the study consists of HR managers working in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. The sample was calculated using the GPower sample size formula for unknown population. The Self-administered questionnaires were used for collection of data from HR managers working in SMEs. For the analysis, SPSS Hayes Process was applied for the direct and indirect paths. The findings showed that green T&D, green employee relations, green recruitment and selection, green performance management, and sustainable leadership have a positive impact on organizational performance. The moderating results showed that sustainable leadership moderates the relationship in green training and development, green performance management, green recruitment and selection, green employee relations, and organizational performance. The results further reported that sustainable leadership moderates the above relationships except for the moderating role of sustainable leadership in the association between green compensation and organizational performance. The study has theoretical, methodological, and applied implications for a variety of stakeholders such as regulatory bodies, top management of the SMEs, industry experts and academia to implement green practices specifically in developing countries.
The Determinants of the Social Performance in the Microfinance Institutions (A case study of India and Pakistan)
Authors: Hassan Wisal , Khan Muhammad , Zainullah
Published: January 2024

There are two main goals of the microfinance institutions, the financial stability and the social performance. The welfare’s model of the microfinance institutions states that microfinance institute should increase the social performance by increasing the number of active borrowers as well as should increase the average loan per borrowers to the needy people of the society. There are numerous determinants that are related with the social performance. The study's objective was to look at the aforementioned factors and how they affect social performance in Pakistan and India. The secondary sources for the data collection were used and the sources for the data collection were the annual reports of the microfinance institution.  On the basis of Hausman test fixed effect model was suggested and according to the results age and firm size remain positive and significant with the social performance in both India and Pakistan. The credit remain negative but insignificant in India and Pakistan. It is the return on assets that has negative and significant relationship with the social performance in Pakistan which indicates that in Pakistan increase in the social performance will reduce the social performance but in the case of India it has no impact on the social performance. The research recommended that MFIs should increase the social performance in order to target more and more poor people in the country.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RANDOM BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS WITH MAP (MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE) IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: Priya Utama Julvainda Eka , Wulan Sapta Ridha Monika , Zulis Windyarti Mei Lia Nindya
Published: January 2024

Diabetes  Melitus  (DM)  tipe  2  muncul  pada  usia  dewasa  dan  memiliki  proporsi  80% pada  diabetes  mellitus  secara keseluruhan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui kadar gula darah sewaktu terhadap MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure). Metode menggunakan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Instrument kuesioner dan lembar observasi, untuk penilaian kadar gula darah sewaktu menggunakan alat glukotest dan untuk pengukuran Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) menggunakan tensimeter digital. Hasil menunjukkan kadar gula darah sewaktu pada penderita diabetes tipe 2 di Kelurahan Tegalsari Kecamatan Candisari Kota Semarang sebanyak 63 responden, memiliki kadar gula darah sewaktu yang normal sebanyak 31 responden (49,3%). Sedangkan Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 mayoritas memiliki nilai MAP >100 mmHg sebanyak 33 orang (52,4%). Hasil uji Sperman Rank menunjukkan nilai p=0.012, maka nilai p=0.012 < 0.05, adanya korelasi yang signifikan antara kadar gula darah sewaktu dengan MAP pada penderita diabetes tipe2 dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r=0,398. Kata Kunci: diabetes meliitus; kadar gula darah sewaktu; mean arterial pressure Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type II is diabetes that appears in adulthood and has a proportion of 80% of diabetes mellitus overall. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between random blood glucose levels during the MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure). Method: This study used analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The research instrument used questionnaires and observation sheets, for the assessment of random blood glucose levels when using a glucose test and for measuring Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) using a digital tensimeter. Result: The results of this study found that from 63 respondents who had random blood glucose levels in type II diabetes sufferers in Tegalsari, Candisari District, Semarang City 31 respondents (49.3%) had normal random blood glucose levels. Meanwhile, the majority of the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) of type II diabetes mellitus patients had MAP values >100 mmHg as many as 33 people (52.4%). The results of the Spearman Rank test showed a value of p = 0.012, then a value of p = 0.012 <0.05, so between variables there was a significant correlation between random blood glucose levels and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in type II diabetics. Conclusion: There is a relationship between random blood glucose levels and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in the Tegalsari, Candisari District, Semarang City with a value of p = 0.012 and a correlation coefficient value of r = 0.398. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus type II; Random Blood glucose Levels; Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
Problemática de la cadena perpetua como respuesta punitiva al delito de violación sexual de menores
Authors: Bustillos Cuba Rolando
Published: January 2024

El autor analiza el problema de la aplicación de la pena de cadena perpetua en el delito de violación sexual de menores, prevista en el artículo 173 del Código Penal peruano. Considera que si bien la Corte Suprema y el Tribunal Constitucional peruano han reafirmado su constitucionalidad, frente a situaciones excepcionales que se presentan en cada caso en particular (causales de disminución de punibilidad, bonificaciones procesales y circunstancias personales tanto de la víctima como del agresor), la ley penal no ha previsto la posibilidad de reducción de la pena a límites inferiores al mínimo legal, lo cual en muchos casos ha dado lugar a que el operador jurídico de instancias inferiores, a pesar de dichos supuestos, imponga penas desproporcionadas, alejadas del principio de culpabilidad. Ello tuvo que ser corregido por la Corte Suprema, y se manifestó un contexto de inseguridad jurídica que desnaturaliza los fines del derecho penal como medio de control social, que no puede admitir irracionalidad o arbitrariedad al definir las penas. Frente a esto, se propone modificar dicha ley penal para que permita la reducción selectiva de la penalidad a límites inferiores al mínimo legal ante situaciones excepcionales, de manera que el juzgador tenga un margen de flexibilidad e imponga una pena temporal en su justa medida.