bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innate Control of Tissue-Reparative Human Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Lam Avery J. , MacDonald Katherine N. , Pesenacker Anne M. , Juvet Stephen C. , Morishita Kimberly A. , Bressler Brian ,   iGenoMed Consortium, Pan James G. , Sidhu Sachdev S. , Rioux John D. , Levings Megan K.
Published: March 2019

Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is a potential curative approach for a variety of immune-mediated conditions, including autoimmunity and transplantation, in which there is pathological tissue damage. In mice, IL-33R (ST2)–expressing Tregs mediate tissue repair by producing the growth factor amphiregulin, but whether similar tissue-reparative Tregs exist in humans remains unclear. We show that human Tregs in blood and multiple tissue types produced amphiregulin, but this was neither a unique feature of Tregs nor selectively upregulated in tissues. Human Tregs in blood, tonsil, synovial fluid, colon, and lung tissues did not express ST2, so ST2+ Tregs were engineered via lentiviral-mediated overexpression, and their therapeutic potential for cell therapy was examined. Engineered ST2+ Tregs exhibited TCR-independent, IL-33–stimulated amphiregulin expression and a heightened ability to induce M2-like macrophages. The finding that amphiregulin-producing Tregs have a noneffector phenotype and are progressively lost upon TCR-induced proliferation and differentiation suggests that the tissue repair capacity of human Tregs may be an innate function that operates independently from their classical suppressive function.
Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri Infection Decreases Smad7 Expression in Intestinal CD4+ T Cells, Which Allows TGF-β to Induce IL-10–Producing Regulatory T Cells That Block Colitis
Authors: Hang Long , Kumar Sangeeta , Blum Arthur M. , Urban Joseph F. , Fantini Massimo C. , Weinstock Joel V.
Published: March 2019

Helminthic infections modulate host immunity and may protect their hosts from developing immunological diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. Induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) may be an important part of this protective process. Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection also promotes the production of the regulatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 in the gut. In the intestines, TGF-β helps induce regulatory T cells. This study used Foxp3/IL-10 double reporter mice to investigate the effect of TGF-β on the differentiation of colon and mesenteric lymph node–derived murine Foxp3− IL-10− CD4+ T cells into their regulatory phenotypes. Foxp3− IL-10− CD4+ T cells from H. polygyrus bakeri–infected mice, as opposed to T cells from uninfected animals, cultured in vitro with TGF-β and anti-CD3/CD28 mAb differentiated into Foxp3+ and/or IL-10+ T cells. The IL-10–producing T cells nearly all displayed CD25. Smad7 is a natural inhibitor of TGF-β signaling. In contrast to gut T cells from uninfected mice, Foxp3− IL10− CD4+ T cells from H. polygyrus bakeri–infected mice displayed reduced Smad7 expression and responded to TGF-β with Smad2/3 phosphorylation. The TGF-β–induced Tregs that express IL-10 blocked colitis when transferred into the Rag/CD25− CD4+ T cell transfer model of inflammatory bowel disease. TGF-β had a greatly diminished capacity to induce Tregs in H. polygyrus bakeri–infected transgenic mice with constitutively high T cell–specific Smad7 expression. Thus, infection with H. polygyrus bakeri causes down-modulation in Smad7 expression in intestinal CD4+ T cells, which allows the TGF-β produced in response to the infection to induce the Tregs that prevent colitis.
Intraoperative partial pressure of oxygen measurement to predict flap survival
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Kumar Akhil , Gupta Shyam , Bhattacharaya Sameek , Jha Manoj Kumar , Tiwari Vinay Kumar , Kulal R. Pradeep , Gupta Shobhit , Niyazi Sahil
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Flap monitoring using partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) is a proven modality. Instruments needed are expensive and are not readily available to a clinician. Here, pO2 of flap has been determined using readily available and cheap methods, and a cut-off value is calculated which helps in predicting flap outcome. Methods and Results: Total 235 points on 84 skin flaps were studied. Capillary blood was collected from flap and fingertip using 1-ml syringes after at least 30 min of flap inset, and pO2 analysed using blood gas analyser. Fall/change of pO2 (difference of mean of pO2 [diff-pO2]) was also calculated by subtracting the flap pO2 from the finger pO2. Flap was monitored clinically in post-operative period and divided into two groups depending on its survival with Group 1 – dead points and Group 2 – alive points. pO2 and diff-pO2 amongst both the groups were compared and found to be statistically different (P = 0.0001). Cut-off value calculated for pO2 was found to be <86.3 mmHg with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 89.05%. The difference of >68.503 mmHg of flap pO2 compared from finger pO2 was calculated as a cut-off with sensitivity of 94.12 and specificity of 79.60%. Conclusions: Flap areas having intra-operative pO2 value <86.3 mmHG have higher chances (60.71%) of getting necrosis later. Similarly, if diff-pO2 compared to fingertip is >68.5 mmHg, chances of those points getting necrosed in post-operative period are high.
“Interpretação conforme a constituição" e " Declaração parcial de inconstitucionalidade sem redução de texto
Authors: Santos Morais Dalton
Published: March 2019

Undoubtedly, 1988’s Brazilian’s Constitution gave greater priority to abstract law control. Thus, the Constitutional Text attributed to the constitutional jurisdiction, in this case Brazil’s Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal Federal), the important function to exert its guard through the actions of unconstitutionality and, consequently, the diverse legal ways that elapses from it. Considering the adequacy capacity of such legal resources to the diverse politic systems, the fact is that the Brazilian’s constitutionality control has been very influenced by concepts created and practiced in other countries, especially in Germany, that, many times, generates the inadequate utilization of such concepts by the Brazilian’s Supreme Court. In this context, this article intends to investigate the techniques of decision of “interpretation in accordance with Constitution” and the “declaration of unconstitutionality without reduction of the text” witch, decurrent of the Germanic praxis, has entered in our legal system and has been used, by the looks of, in a misunderstood way by Brazilian Supreme Court.
Estudo para aproveitamento de águas de chuva para fins não potáveis no Centro de Educação Ambiental da ArcelorMittal Tubarão
Authors: Vieira Moreira Fabrícia , Justi Izak Francisco , Carvalho Bernardo Milton
Published: March 2019

Due to the disordered occupation of the soil and its waterproofing, population growth, misuse and waste of natural resources and the pollution of rivers, we are living in a critical shortage water scenario, which requires urgent strategies to address it. An alternative for improving this situation is use the rain water. This work aims to the main study for utilization of rain water for sanitary basins of the Centro de Educação Ambiental da Arcelor Mittal Tubarão. From calculations, it was realized that most of the water consumption of the Center is aimed to sanitary basins. Therefore, the system is scaled to that end, following the recommendations of existing standards. Rainfall data was used, amount of visitors, daily consumption of water for sanitary basins and architectural and topographical surveys present the final proposal.
Daedalus: A Low-Flying Spacecraft for the Exploration of the Lower Thermosphere - Ionosphere
Authors: Sarris Theodoros E. , Talaat Elsayed R. , Palmroth Minna , Dandouras Iannis , Armandillo Errico , Kervalishvili Guram , Buchert Stephan , Malaspina David , Jaynes Allison , Paschalidis Nikolaos , Sample John , Halekas Jasper , Tourgaidis Stylianos , Lappas Vaios , Clilverd Mark , Wu Qian , Sandberg Ingmar , Aikio Anita , Pirnaris Panagiotis
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Daedalus mission has been proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) in response to the call for ideas for the Earth Observation programme's 10th Earth Explorer. It was selected in 2018 as one of three candidates for a Phase-0 feasibility study. The goal of the mission is to quantify the key electrodynamic processes that determine the structure and composition of the upper atmosphere, the gateway between the Earth’s atmosphere and space. An innovative preliminary mission design allows Daedalus to access electrodynamics processes down to altitudes of 150 km and below. Daedalus will perform in-situ measurements of plasma density and temperature, ion drift, neutral density and wind, ion and neutral composition, electric and magnetic fields and precipitating particles. These measurements will unambiguously quantify the amount of energy deposited in the upper atmosphere during active and quiet geomagnetic times via Joule heating and energetic particle precipitation, estimates of which currently vary by orders of magnitude between models. An innovation of the Daedalus preliminary mission concept is that it includes the release of sub-satellites at low altitudes: combined with the main spacecraft, these sub-satellites will provide multi-point measurements throughout the Lower Thermosphere-Ionosphere region, down to altitudes below 120 km, in the heart of the most under-explored region in the Earth's atmosphere. This paper describes Daedalus as originally proposed to ESA.
A Comprehensive Quasi-3D Model for Regional-Scale Unsaturated-Saturated Water Flow
Authors: Mao Wei , Zhu Yan , Dai Heng , Ye Ming , Yang Jinzhong , Wu Jingwei
Published: March 2019

Abstract. For computationally efficient modeling of unsaturated-saturated flow systems of regional scale, it is necessary to use Quasi three-dimensional (3-D) schemes that consider one-dimensional (1-D) soil water flow and 3-D groundwater flow. However, it is still practically challenging for regional-scale problems due to the high non-linear and intensive input data needed for soil water modeling, the reliability of the coupling scheme, and the complicated modeling operation. This study developed a new Quasi-3D model coupled the soil water balance model UBMOD with MODFLOW. A new iterative scheme was developed, in which the vertical net recharge and unsaturated zone depth were used as the exchange information. A modeling framework was developed by Python script to wrap the coupled model, the pre- and the post-process modules, which gave a comprehensive modeling tool from data preparation to results displaying. The strength and weakness of the coupled model are evaluated by using two published studies. The comparison results show that the coupled model is satisfactory in terms of computational accuracy, mass balance error and cost. Additionally, the coupled model is used to evaluate groundwater recharge in a real-world study. The measured groundwater table and soil water content are used to calibrate the model parameters, and the groundwater recharge data from a two years’ tracer experiment is used to evaluate the recharge estimation. The field application further shows the practicability of the model. The developed model and the modeling framework provide a convenient and flexible tool for evaluating unsaturated-saturated flow system at the regional scale.
La traducción de los títulos de películas del español al chino: una aproximación descriptiva y cuantitativa
Authors: Cao Wei
Published: March 2019

Este artículo analiza un corpus de 312 títulos de películas del ámbito hispánico. Por unaparte, pretende describir los factores implicados y las distintas estrategias empleadas en latraducción de los títulos de películas entre el español y chino. Por otra parte, se centra en unanálisis cuantitativo mediante el modelo estadístico de ANOVA Multifactorial, cuyos resultadosmuestran que la traducción literal es la estrategia más empleada y que una parte del público chinoque tiene nociones del español prefiere los títulos traducidos de manera expresiva y creativa.
El concepto de la Semana Santa: análisis cognitivo, lingüístico y cultural
Authors: Byba María
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo representa los logros de la lingüística cognitiva eslava y muestra lametodología usada en una de sus ramas, la teoría de la conceptología lingüística. Se identifica y seanaliza la estructura cognitiva del concepto SEMANA SANTA y su representación en el español.Se revelan las particularidades de la representación del concepto SEMANA SANTA en el españolmediante la identificación de las características cognitivas y los patrones en su estructura. Como lafuente del material para el análisis sirven los contextos diagnósticos del Corpus del Español delSiglo XXI de la Real Academia Española. Los resultados indican que el concepto SEMANASANTA constituye la imagen de la fiesta de la Pascua de Resurrección e incluye en su estructuracognitiva una serie de los indicios cognitivos basados en los patrones cognitivos posesivos,atributivos, comparativos, objetivos, subjetivos, el de la interioridad y el del proceso. La capavalorativa del concepto analizado está representada en los contextos por las combinaciones con laspalabras con la connotación como positiva, tanto negativa que confirma la valoración ambivalentede la formación mental estudiada.
Listening to lies and legitimacy online: A proposal for digital rhetorical listening
Authors: Jones L. Corinne
Published: March 2019

As people scream past each other in an increasingly polarized public sphere, fake news emerges as problem for reception on the Internet. While scholars have posited rhetorical listening as a strategy to bridge these differences in off-line spaces, it has not been fully explored online. Online spaces are becoming increasingly salient and important to theorize though, since polarized groups often communicate and miscommunicate on the Internet. Using the fake news that circulated in the wake of the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida as a case study, I demonstrate some of the complications for rhetorical listening that arise through algorithms, interfaces, and performances that perpetuate the spread of fake news. As such, I call for more robust digital listening practices and theories that account for complications of the Internet. I conclude that individuals, platforms, and institutions can all actively promote rhetorical digital listening practices. However, we also need to think about other motivations besides ignorance for spreading fake news.
Por trás da vitrine de um megaevento: remoções, despejos e reassentamento de comunidades
Authors: Vasconcelos de Lima Ernandy Luis
Published: March 2019

A capital catalã se tornou amplamente conhecida, seja através do modelo Barcelona sob os auspícios do planejamento estratégico adotado, seja pelo fascínio evidenciado pelos Jogos Olímpicos de 1992. Ao sediar o megaevento esportivo Barcelona’92, a cidade espanhola expôs o poder argumentativo e o panorama factível da consecução de megaprojetos de regeneração urbana em curto período de tempo. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa procura mapear e analisar as possíveis implicações socioespaciais resultantes do processo de planejamento para a estruturação e apropriação do espaço urbano. Objetiva-se, portanto, desvendar as contradições socioespaciais encobertas pelo imaginário e aparato ideológico pautados em Barcelona’92. Explora-se, assim, a relação entre megaeventos esportivos e o desalojamento de comunidades, bem como a histórica implicação desse fenômeno sobre a estrutura socioespacial de Barcelona. Para tanto, pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental foram contempladas por meio de diversas fontes, tendo em vista explicitar a emblemática questão das remoções pari passu com as transformações urbanas na cidade de Barcelona. Além disso, entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas foram conduzidas entre os anos de 2011 e 2016. Dado o êxito de planejamento estratégico catalão, as preparações para o Barcelona’92 atingiram diversas famílias, por meio da construção de empreendimentos desportivos e de transformação urbana. Em se tratando de remoções, 624 famílias foram impactadas, ou seja, desalojadas das áreas designadas.

Palavras-chave: Barcelona; Megaeventos; Remoções; Planejamento urbano estratégico; Comunidades.
Análise integrada para conservação ambiental: estudo aplicado ao Parque Estadual de Paraúna - Goiás
Authors: Amaral Neto Delerman Teixeira do , Lima Cláudia Valéria de
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo pretende fazer uma revisão de referenciais teóricos que elucidam a temática da conservação dos ambientes naturais em contrapartida ao avanço da sociedade contemporânea progressista do século XXI. Para isto, a utilização de estudos correspondentes ao planejamento ambiental, geoconservação, geodiversidade e patrimônio geológico, além da simplificação do arcabouço legislativo relativos ao meio ambiente, darão suporte necessário à composição deste artigo. Como exemplo de recorte espacial a fim de compreender as efetivas políticas de ordenamento, gestão e preservação ambiental no território brasileiro e, em especial no Estado de Goiás, buscou-se contemplar à pesquisa um estudo territorial aplicado ao Parque Estadual de Paraúna, localizado no município de Paraúna. Foram diagnosticadas, a priori, ineficiências político-institucionais dos órgãos representativos na elaboração/execução de projetos que visam à conservação dos ambientes naturais conforme previsto na legislação ambiental brasileira. O baixo indicativo da terminologia voltada à geoconservação e patrimônio geológico na legislação, inexistência em plano de manejo, acesso rodoviário com alto índice de periculosidade e degradação do patrimônio público são as principais análises contempladas nesta pesquisa.

Palavras-chave: Parque Estadual de Paraúna; geodiversidade; geoconservação; SNUC.
DIVISÃO SOCIOESPACIAL DO TRABALHO E SEGMENTAÇÃO ESPACIAL DO MERCADO DE TRABALHO NO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO – 2000 A 2010
Authors: Ribeiro Marcelo Gomes , Drumond Vitor Vilar
Published: March 2019

O Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ), após a crise na década de 1980, recebeu uma nova rodada de investimentos, principalmente no setor industrial. O aumento da exploração de petróleo na Bacia de Campos e a instalação da indústria automobilística no Vale do Paraíba indicam mudanças na estrutura espacial produtiva do ERJ, fato que geraria influência direta na divisão socioespacial do trabalho e, também, na segmentação espacial de seu mercado de trabalho. Porém, não deixou ocorrer investimento na metrópole fluminense, como foi o caso do investimento no COMPERJ. Essa rodada de investimentos merece um estudo aprofundado, buscando analisar se houve, de fato, um movimento de interiorização da economia. Para essa análise, utilizaremos os dados do PIB municipal e do Censo Demográfico, ambos produzidos pelo IBGE, para 2000 e 2010.
The Emergence of Emergence: G. H. Lewes, Middlemarch, and Social Order
Authors: Bivona Daniel Edward
Published: March 2019

The judgment that George Eliot's lover, G. H. Lewes, was the first to formulate and name the scientific concept of emergence is now widely accepted. When she edited the final volume of his last work, Problems of Life and Mind, which was published shortly after his death in 1877 and before hers in 1880, she both helped ensure a place in scientific history for Lewes as the first theorist of “emergence” in the nineteenth century, and provided the world with a philosophical introduction to the rich array of emergent themes that helped to make her novel Middlemarch one of the finest works of Victorian realism.
O “Custo da Administração” em Contratos Administrativos: uma análise da repercussão econômica das cláusulas exorbitantes e o abuso da posição da administração pública enquanto contratante
Authors: Niebuhr Pedro De Menezes , De Oliveira Cláudio Ladeira
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os principais fatores capazes de encarecer o custo dos contratos administrativos em relação às contratações privadas similares. A investigação analisa a premissa estabelecida por parte relevante da doutrina, de que as cláusulas exorbitantes que atribuem à Administração Pública uma posição privilegiada na relação contratual produzem a elevação dos custos de transação dos contratos administrativos. Referida abordagem é colocada em perspectiva, na medida em que a grande maioria das cláusulas exorbitantes, em situação de normalidade, não justificariam o incremento dos custos do contratado privado, notadamente ainda na fase de elaboração de suas propostas em licitação pública. Conclui-se, diante desse cenário, que o abuso da posição de contratante pela Administração Pública, que recorrentemente atrasa o cumprimento de suas obrigações contratuais, notadamente o dever de pagar pontualmente a contraprestação devida, é um fator mais decisivo e determinante de risco do negócio com a Administração Pública. Esse risco é, de forma mais palpável, precificado pelo contratado privado e transferido à sua proposta. Convém, portanto, conceber mecanismos para exigir o cumprimento pontualdas obrigações da Administração Pública, em preferência à mera extinção das cláusulas exorbitantes.
Foraging behaviour and performance of steers from two local breeds (Asturian Valley and Asturian Mountain) grazing in Cantabrian (N Spain) summer pastures
Authors: Román-Trufero Alicia , Martínez Antonio , Ferreira Luis M. M. , García-Prieto Valentín , Rosa-García Rocío , Osoro Koldo , Celaya Rafael
Published: March 2019

Steer meat production in northern Spain is deficient to attend market demand. This research aimed to compare the foraging behaviour and production of yearling steers from two local breeds differing in body weight (BW), Asturian Valley (AV, 372 kg) and Asturian Mountain (AM, 307 kg), grazing in summer pastures consisting of 70% grassland and 30% heathland. Bodyweight gains from a total of 42 steers were recorded during four grazing seasons (from June to October). In two years, in July and September, plant community selection and diet composition were estimated by direct observation and using faecal markers, respectively. Grazing time increased from July to September (488 vs. 557 min/day; p<0.001) as sward height in the grassland decreased. Although AV steers grazed proportionally for longer on herbaceous pastures than AM steers (81.3 vs. 73.3%; p<0.05), no differences between breeds were found in diet composition. AM steers showed greater mean daily BW gains than AV steers (252 vs. 133 g/day; p<0.01). From June to August, steers from both breeds gained BW (487 vs. 360 g/day for AM and AV, respectively; p<0.01), but thereafter BW gains decreased (120 vs. –12 g/day for AM and AV, respectively; p<0.05), because of reduced availability of grassland herbage. Yearling steers from AM breed seem to be better suited to mountain conditions than those from AV breed, probably because of their smaller body size and lower total nutrient requirements for maintenance.
Ser Professor de História em tempos difíceis – início de um processo formativo.
Authors: Gago Marilia
Published: March 2019

A realidade presente partilha uma narrativa histórica que parece estar muito centrada no que nos distingue. A humanidade parece ser definida mais pelo que a separa do que pelo que a une, pelo que existe em comum. Partilhando-se a necessidade de um novo olhar acerca do ser humano e da concepção que a História é transformativa e permite a complexificação da compreensão do mundo considerou-se relevante compreender como um processo de formação pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento profissional e pensamento histórico de futuros professores de História, alunos de mestrado de formação profissionalizante. Propõem-se a análise das ideias que emergiram de uma tarefa inicial proposta e realizada por vinte alunos, futuros professores de História, tendo-se em vista o desafio destas ideias ao longo do processo de formação, e numa lógica longitudinal acompanhar o desenvolvimento profissional e do pensamento histórico destes alunos. Emergiram ideias que se pautam por uma lógica de profissionalismo gerencialista e de perspetivar a História como o campo que forma cidadãos. Estas ideias sugerem estar em rota com demandas externas veiculadas por entidades e agendas políticas.
O Passado e a História Difícil para o Ensino e Aprendizagem da História
Authors: Gonçalves Rita De Cassia
Published: March 2019

Apresenta discussões relacionadas à forma como os conceitos sobre a ditadura civil militar brasileira são apresentados tanto em documentos oficiais, como nas DCN´s e livro didático e como são abordados nas aulas de História da Educação Básica tendo, como objeto de análise o modo como o passado tem sido resgatado para a construção da aprendizagem. Apresenta um breve histórico do ensino de História do período entre as décadas de 1960 e 1980. Também discorre sobre os estudos recentes, sobre História Difícil dentro da perspectiva da Educação Histórica, indagando como este período está apresentado em alguns documentos oficiais que regem a estrutura curricular. Por fim, tece considerações sobre o ensino da História e como a aprendizagem histórica pode superar um tipo de pensamento maniqueísta, implantado durante os governos militares, que ainda se encontra presente, e necessita de espaço para que seja completamente superado no ambiente escolar e abra espaço para a discussão e debates que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de argumentações sobre temas controversos. Fundamenta teoricamente suas análises em estudos de pesquisadores como Bodo von Borries (2011, 2016), Jörn Rüsen (2001, 2010, 2012) e Maria Auxiliadora Moreira dos Santos Schmidt (2006, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015).
Doses and Application Seasons of Potassium in the Soybean-Corn Succession in Soil With Improved Fertility in the Southwest of Goiás
Authors: Xavier Warlles Domingos , Carneiro Leandro Flávio , Guimarães Claudinei Martins , Silva João Vitor de Souza , Pinto Flávio Araújo , Ribeiro Diego Oliveira , Sousa Vinicius Silva , Resende Álvaro Vilela de
Published: March 2019

Soils with improved fertility indicate opportunities for more rational use of fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the management of potassium fertilization in the succession of soybean-corn in soil with improved fertility, in the southwestern region of the state, Goiás. The experiment was set in 5×3 factorial scheme, arranged in randomized blocks with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of the combination of potassium doses (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O) and seasons of application (100% of the dose in pre-planting, 100% of the dose in coverage and in installments with 50% of the dose in pre-planting + 50% in coverage). The best performance of soybean, considering grain yield, was obtained with the parceled application of 80 kg ha-1 of K2O, with production of 3.6 Mg ha-1. The highest corn production was obtained with the anticipated application of 160 kg ha-1 of K2O in soybean. In the management of potassium fertilization in improved fertility soil in the soybean-corn succession, the parceled application of 120 kg ha-1 of K2O kept the available K reserve in the soil constant when compared to its initial content.
Oil Yield of Sunflower Cultivated With Different Water Depths and Nitrogen Doses
Authors: Freire Jonas de O. , Gurgel Marcelo T. , Medeiros José F. de , Travassos Kaline D. , Miranda Neyton de O. , Batista Rafael O.
Published: March 2019

Sunflower is adapted to different soil and climate conditions, but its water and nitrogen requirements are not well defined. This study was carried out in Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, to evaluate the oil yield of sunflower in response to irrigation depth and nitrogen dose. A randomized block experimental design was used with a factorial scheme with four replications. The factors tested were irrigation depths corresponding to 58, 80, 100 and 120% of crop evapotranspiration (water-use efficiency variable), and nitrogen doses corresponding to 40, 100, 200 and 370% of the standard dose. Data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F-test, followed by the Tukey test of means and regression analysis. The increase in the water depth until 100% ETc and in the nitrogen dose until 260 kg ha-1 promoted increase in the values of all variables, but at higher nitrogen doses the variables decreased. The response surfaces showed stronger response to nitrogen dose for the water depths around 100% ETc and for the lower nitrogen doses, and greater water use efficiency for the production of oil for the water depths around 100% ETc, independently of nitrogen dose.
Growth Rate of Eggplant Under Nitrogen and Phosphate Fertilization and Irrigated With Wastewater
Authors: Júnior Sebastião de Oliveira Maia , Medeiros Aldair de Souza , Santos Thiago Cândido dos , Pereira Mariana de Oliveira , Neto Renato Américo de Araújo , Gonzaga Giordano Bruno Medeiros , Queiroz Manoel Moisés Ferreira de , Nobre Reginaldo Gomes , Ferraz Rener Luciano de Souza , Magalhães Ivomberg Dourado , Costa Patrícia da Silva
Published: March 2019

Wastewater use has become an alternative for agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas due to water scarcity besides providing nutrient for plants. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of the interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus doses associated with wastewater on the growth rate of eggplants in the stages of vegetative growth and beginning of fruiting in the semi-arid of Brazil. The wastewater was previously treated using sand filter with intermittent flow. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The factors consisted of four nitrogen doses (N1 = 0.22, N2 = 0.39, N3 = 0.56 and N4 = 0.72 g dm-3 of soil), four doses of phosphorus (P1 = 0, P2 = 1.68, P3 = 2.40 and P4 = 3.12 g dm-3 of soil), both using wastewater, and a control treatment (100% nitrogen and phosphorus using drinking water). The interaction of wastewater with nitrogen and phosphorus doses influenced all growth rates at the vegetative stage, except for the relative number of leaves. We found interaction for the relative rates of stem diameter and number and area of leaves at the beginning of the fruiting stage. Nitrogen and phosphorus doses associated with wastewater were excessive even below the recommendation for eggplant cultivation, however, in the absence of wastewater the plants reduce the growth rates of stem diameter and leaf area in the initial period of the fruiting.
Investigation of the Effect of Vertimax V8 Elastic Resistance Platform and Classic Strength Training on Dynamic Balance in Basketball Players
Authors: Yuksel Oguzhan , Erzeybek Mustafa S. , Kaya Fatih , Kirazci Sadettin
Published: March 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effects on the dynamic balance of two different resistance training in male basketball players. 25 male basketball players who were over 18 participated in the study voluntarily. Participants were divided into two groups by using random sampling method as VertiMax strength training group and traditional strength training group (VertiMax, n=13; classic, n=12). Both training programs were administered 3 times a day for 6 weeks. In standing position, the dynamic balance values recorded on the right and left foot for 60 seconds were assessed by using EasyTech Libra Oscillating balance board. The scores used in the assessments were IBP (index of balance precision), recovery time right (return time of the visual helix balance from right side), and recovery time left (return time of the visual helix balance from left side). All tests were performed with visual feedback. Statistical analysis used three-factor mixed ANOVA. At the end of the training period, IBP (index of balance precision), recovery time right (return time of the visual helix balance from right side), recovery time left (return time of the visual helix balance from left side) showed that dynamic balance scores were similar in the VertiMax and classic training groups for right and left feet. VertiMax group in dynamic balance, the changes in IBP and recovery time right scores were found to be better. In both training groups, when the recovery time right values of the right and left feet were compared at the end of the process, it was seen that the rotation time from the right side of the visual helix motion area of the left leg was shorter (p<0.05). The results show that the VertiMax strength training included in the pre-season exercises positively affects participants’ balance performance.
First Observation of an X-Ray Beam Following a New Geodesic When Gravitational Waves Deform Space-Time
Authors: Jiménez Edward , Recalde Nicolás , Álvarez-Samaniego Wilson P. , Álvarez-Samaniego Borys , Moya-Álvarez Douglas , Jiménez Esteban
Published: March 2019

By using X-rays of a linear accelerator (LINAC Siemens X rays, 6 MeV) for medical use, we were able to measure gravitational waves, GW, (amplitude = 56:385mm, frequency =1 = 3Hz, velocity = c and polarization) and its threedimensional effect on X-ray trajectories. The collimated X-ray beam, which is in the plane (X; Y); travels on the Z axis at the speed of light in air and passing through the machine isocenter, until it reaches the target and, ultimate, is recorded in a radiographic film. Apparently, there is an exceptional coincidence in the operation of LINAC and the presence of GW. This coincidence occurred in VIRGINIA, GPS (38.634 351 1, -77.282 523 9), UTC (12/06/2011: 12: 56: 01). This important event, but not sui generis, was recorded in the LINAC computer system, on a film for radiography, in the log file of the cancer treatment center and it was reported to SIEMENS in order to try to find an explanation of a possible hardware failure, some abnormality or any software issue. The physicist and Siemens service engineer on site concluded that such event should never happened because LINAC was not malfunctioning. Consequently, for the X-rays, there was a deviation of the isocenter of the LINAC (△X = (11:5 ± 0:5)mm, △Y = (48 ± 0:5)mm), by the action of the amplitude of GW. The tolerance of a LINAC is lower than these measurements, and the equipment will stop working if they are greater than ±1:0mm for isocenter (zero position) and ±2:0mm for other collimator leaf positions. Therefore, this constitutes a register of space-time alteration with a consequent variation of the path of the X-ray beam. Finally, the registered gravitational waves leave invariant the angle between the axes (X; Y), of the X-ray beam, indicating a constant polarization.
Swarm intelligence, política y verdad
Authors: Moya Eugenio
Published: March 2019

Este artículo critica el deferencialismo científico. Este está basado en una errónea comprensión de la ciencia, pero ha fundamentado las críticas actuales a la democracia como proceso de toma de decisiones colectivas. Platón, uno de los primeros en ver la democracia como problema, pensó que la ignorancia e irracionalidad de la mayoría justificaba el gobierno de los sabios. Brennan, en Against Democracy (2016), ha defendido lo mismo. El autor ofrece, por el contrario, una alternativa innovadora basada en una concepción falibilista del conocimiento y la democracia, según la cual la autoridad y legitimidad de la democracia no dependen de su tendencia a tomar soluciones acertadas, sino de la tendencia de las multitudes inteligentes en la era de la información a evitar decisiones equivocadas.
Proteotoxicity from aberrant ribosome biogenesis compromises cell fitness
Authors: Tye Blake W , Commins Nicoletta , Ryazanova Lillia V , Wühr Martin , Springer Michael , Pincus David , Churchman L Stirling
Published: March 2019

To achieve maximal growth, cells must manage a massive economy of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and RNAs (rRNAs) to produce thousands of ribosomes every minute. Although ribosomes are essential in all cells, natural disruptions to ribosome biogenesis lead to heterogeneous phenotypes. Here, we model these perturbations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and show that challenges to ribosome biogenesis result in acute loss of proteostasis. Imbalances in the synthesis of r-proteins and rRNAs lead to the rapid aggregation of newly synthesized orphan r-proteins and compromise essential cellular processes, which cells alleviate by activating proteostasis genes. Exogenously bolstering the proteostasis network increases cellular fitness in the face of challenges to ribosome assembly, demonstrating the direct contribution of orphan r-proteins to cellular phenotypes. We propose that ribosome assembly is a key vulnerability of proteostasis maintenance in proliferating cells that may be compromised by diverse genetic, environmental, and xenobiotic perturbations that generate orphan r-proteins.
Punktnedslag i det historiske kinopublikummets opplevelser 1900-1930
Authors: Pedersen Mona
Published: March 2019

Denne artikkelen er basert på publikums egne minner og opplevelser fra fortidige kinobesøk. Siktemålet er å belyse hvilken viktighet kinoinstitusjonen hadde, sosialt og kulturelt, ved å la publikum selv sette ord på sine erfaringer. Artikkelen fokuserer på stumfilmperioden, og det empiriske materialet som presenteres er utdrag fra nasjonale minneinnsamlinger fra hverdagslivet i Norge samlet inn i 1964 og 1981. Minnene er forfattet av «vanlige folk» født i årene rundt 1900. Artikkelen diskuterer ulike filmhistoriske perspektiver på kinopublikum, så vel som minner som historisk kildekategori. Om lag 15 prosent av det innsamlede minnematerialet inneholder omtaler av film og kino; de beskriver ulike holdninger til det å gå på kino, bestemte minner om kinobesøk og filmer, filmscener og skuespillere, samt ulike visnings- og programpraksiser. Artikkelen studerer særlig minner fra to regioner, Oslo og Hedmark. Det konkluderes med at minnesamlingene er en rik kilde som tilbyr unik innsikt i en avansert kinokultur i filmens første årtier. Materialet åpenbarer «kinogjengeren» ikke som en abstrakt størrelse, men som faktiske personer, individer som til sammen danner det vi betegner som «kinopublikum». This article is based on the audience's own memories and experiences from past cinema-going practices. The aim is to illuminate the importance of the cinema institution, socially and culturally, by allowing audiences to put into words their own experiences. The article focuses on the silent film era, and the empirical material consists of extracts from nationwide collections of memories from everyday life in Norway collected in 1964 and 1981. Common people born in the years around 1900 author these memories. The article discusses different perspectives on the audience, as well as memories as a historical source. About 15 percent of the total nationwide memory collection contains mentions of different attitudes towards the cinema, as well as memories of cinema-going in general, exhibition practices, specific films, scenes and actors. The article further explores the empirical material from two regions, Oslo and Hedmark, finding that these memories are a rich source that offers unique insight into an advanced cinema culture in the early years of cinema history. In this material, we meet «the cinema goers» not as abstract constructions, but as actual people and individuals who constitute what we denote as the «cinema audience».
Chronic Distress and Regional Economic Resilience
Authors: Wolman Harold , Wial Howard , Clair Travis St. , Hill Edward
Published: March 2019

Chapter two turns to a similar set of questions with regard to chronic economic distress: why do some regions face chronic economic distress while others do not, and why are some chronically-distressed regions resilient in that they are able to emerge from chronic distress? We define chronic economic distress and resilience in terms of regeneration and recovery. For the period 1978 to 2007, we provide quantitative descriptions and analyses of chronic regional economic distress and its determinants, causes, and consequences.
Regions That Lacked Resilience
Authors: Wolman Harold , Wial Howard , Clair Travis St. , Hill Edward
Published: March 2019

In chapters 3 and 4 we move from quantitative analysis to our case studies. We undertook the case studies to provide a richer understanding of economic shocks, chronic economic distress, and resilience, focusing particularly on the processes that occurred, the nature of interventions made by regional actors, and on their effects. Chapter 3 profiles the three less resilient case study regions (Cleveland, Detroit, and Hartford) In each case we describe their experiences with economic shocks and chronic distress and set forth the strategies, policies, and responses to shocks and chronic distress in which they engaged during our study period.
Evolution or Revolution?
Authors: Coverdill James E. , Finlay William
Published: March 2019

This chapter considers how information technology and social media have shaped headhunting. It develops in three sections, the first focusing on how social media such as LinkedIn have made it easier to source candidates, the second showing that these sites are far more valuable for extensive search (finding prospects) than for intensive search (turning prospects into candidates), and third discussing new technologies, such as electronic portals and online marketplaces, that seek to centralize and rationalize contacts between headhunters and clients. The chapter argues that portals and marketplaces distance headhunters from hiring managers and discourage thorough candidate searches; it suggests that practices designed to promote efficiency in recruiting may actually undermine effective recruiting
Booms, Busts, and Changing Labor Markets
Authors: Coverdill James E. , Finlay William
Published: March 2019

This chapter explores three issues. First, it shows why the Great Recession affected headhunting so severely: both the hiring rate and the quitting rate declined sharply. Second, it shows how this recession changed the relationship between headhunters and their clients, as the latter became increasingly difficult to please when presented with candidates, because they wanted “perfect” candidates only due to there being a supposed “buyer’s market.” Third, it explains why the recession made employees so reluctant to become candidates and why employee wounds became less effective in turning them into job-changers; candidates, especially those with secure jobs, were now far more risk averse. The Great Recession, notwithstanding the claims that it had created a buyer's market for employers, was not a bonanza for them or for headhunters.
A Mass Sporting Industry
Authors: Cohen Kenneth
Published: March 2019

The political and financial potential of a commercialized sporting culture led to an explosion of sporting businesses in the antebellum period. Competition, along with a contraction caused by the Panic of 1837, led investors and professionals to reorganize the sporting industry yet again in the 1840s and 1850s. By re-establishing distinctively genteel, middling, and rough sporting spaces (after they had gotten muddled by the democratic accessibility introduced in the early national period), the backers and managers of sporting events specialized their enterprises and transformed sporting culture into the country’s earliest version of mass culture – a set of specialized, standardized, accessible, anonymous, commercial experiences intended to sell democracy to white men irrespective of their wealth or ethnicity.
The Integration Imperative
Authors: Goetz Edward G.
Published: March 2019

This chapter lays out the argument in favour of public policies to achieve racial integration. It summarizes the individual and societal level costs of segregation and it presents the affirmative argument for integration. Residential integration is seen as the best way to address questions of segregation, spatial inequities, and unequal life chances across racial groups in the U.S. Further, the pro-integration argument suggests that only through residential integration can we achieve goals related to truly democratic governance and inclusiveness in social, economic, and political relationships.
Monks’ Mindfulness
Authors: Cassaniti J. L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter examines the ways that monks in Thailand make sense of and make use of mindfulness in the course of their everyday lives at Thai monasteries. It focuses on two monks in particular as representative case studies: a rural wandering thudong monk in a remote monastery in “Mae Jaeng” outside of Chiang Mai, and an urban monk at the busy university monastery of Wat Suan Dok in the city. In relating the experiences of these two monks it explains some of the most common definitions of mindfulness in Thailand, as raluk dai (‘recollecting the mind’), along with some of the most common affective uses and some of the most common meditative practices to cultivate mindfulness. It also introduces some of the most well-known textual renderings of mindfulness in the region, as drawing from Thai iterations of Pali-language texts.
The Feeling of Mindfulness in Meditation
Authors: Cassaniti J. L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter investigates some of the main meditative techniques practiced in Thailand, as well as what it feels like to practice them and improve over time. It begins with an ethnographic encounter with a man who has just spent a month in meditation at Wat Rampoeng in Chiang Mai, and then follows the author’s personal experience at five different meditation retreats to learn about mindfulness in meditation. These meditative retreats include the training in mindfulness of sensations and saṅkhāras at S.N. Goenka’s vipassana-based courses in India and Phitsanulok, the mindfulness of breathing (ānāpānasati) at Buddhadhasa Bhikkhu’s monastery of Wat Suan Mokkh in Southern Thailand, and the mindfulness of walking (yup naw phong naw) at the rural cave monastery of Wat Tham Thong near Chiang Mai. Together these close descriptive examples of the phenomenological experience of meditation show how mindfulness is trained in the body and mind in Thailand.
Power and the Ghosts of Insanity in Lay Thai Life
Authors: Cassaniti J. L.
Published: March 2019

Mental powers are thought to arise through mindfulness practice in Thailand. This chapter explores these powers, and how they are understood to be developed in practice. It begins with a story of a man who has gotten into a minor car accident in Chiang Mai because, he says, he had lost his mindfulness. It then turns to an examination of the popular media, elementary school education, and governmental influences that people learn from in their understandings of the powerful efficacy of mindfulness. The second part of the chapter focuses on the ‘ghostly powers’ of the self in Northern Thai articulations of non-self (anatta) and khwan, a kind of ‘spirits of the person’, and the third section examines how power works in and through the global, transnational flows of authoritative biomedical technologies in the hospital. Together the chapter argues for some of the ways that mindfulness has become a marker of psychological strength and well-being.
Burma: A Fine Mist, or a Cave in the Woods
Authors: Cassaniti J. L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter moves the narrative to Myanmar (Burma) where, through the popularization efforts of Mahasi Sayadaw, Ledi Sayadaw and others, many of the international mindfulness movements have especially drawn from. After a visit to the ancient capital of Bagan, the author continues interviews with monks, students, psychiatrists and villagers in the areas around Mandalay, including at Maha Gandayon Monastery, Mandalay University, and the Government Psychiatric Hospital. Here we learn that mindfulness (called thati in Burmese) takes on many similar and some particular qualities relative to those in Thailand. These particular understandings of meaning and practice, including a greater emphasis on the Abhidhamma and the role of memory, are examined in light of the TAPES of temporality, affect, power, ethics, and selfhood.