bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production, reproduction, and some adaptation characteristics of Romanov sheep raised under humid temperate climate
Authors: Akat Orhan , Cam Mehmet Akif
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to determine the fertility and growth traits, viability, and body measurements of the Romanov sheep under breeder conditions in the humid region of Turkey. The animal material of the research consisted of sheep imported from Ukraine in 2019. In the study, there are two farms with 31 and 44 ewes in the first year and three farms with 45, 34, and 32 ewes in the second year. The reproductive performances of 186 sheep and lambs in three different farms were examined, and nine rams, one ram per 20 sheep, were used for mating. Two‐year (2020 and 2021) data on the reproductive performance of pure Romanov ewes, survivability in ewes and lambs, and development characteristics in lambs were used in the present study. The conceived rate (88.17%), fecundity at birth (1.42) and at weaning (1.29), litter size at birth (1.76) and weaning (1.56), single (50.98%), twin (41.83%), and triplet birth rate (6.54%), and abortion rate (6.71%) were determined for 2 years average. Birth and weaning weights of lambs were affected by sex and birth type (p < 0.01). The Romanov sheep and their lambs did not satisfy the breeder regarding reproductive performance and lamb development.
The associations of supervised consumption services with the rates of opioid‐related mortality and morbidity outcomes at the public health unit level in Ontario (Canada): A controlled interrupted time‐series analysis
Authors: Robinson Tessa , Farrokhyar Forough , Fischer Benedikt
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to assess the impact of the implementation of legally sanctioned supervised consumption sites (SCS) in the Canadian province of Ontario on opioid‐related deaths, emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalisations at the public health unit (PHU) level.

Methods

Monthly rates per 100,000 population of opioid‐related deaths, ED visits and hospitalisations for PHUs in Ontario between December 2013 and March 2022 were collected. Aggregated and individual analyses of PHUs with one or more SCS were conducted, with PHUs that instituted an SCS being matched to control units that did not. Autoregressive integrated moving average models were used to estimate the impact of SCS implementation on opioid‐related deaths, ED visits and hospitalisations.

Results

Twenty‐one legally sanctioned SCS were implemented across nine PHUs in Ontario during the study period. Interrupted time series analyses showed no statistically significant changes in opioid‐related death rates in aggregated analyses of intervention PHUs (increase of 0.02 deaths/100,000 population/month; p = 0.27). Control PHUs saw a significant increase of 0.38 deaths/100,000 population/month; p < 0.001. No statistically significant changes were observed in the rates of opioid‐related ED visits in intervention PHUs (decrease of 0.61 visits/100,000 population/month; p = 0.39) or controls (increase of 0.403 visits; p = 0.76). No statistically significant changes to the rates of opioid‐related hospitalisations were observed in intervention PHUs (0 hospitalisations/100,000 population/month; p = 0.98) or controls (decrease of 0.05 hospitalisations; p = 0.95).

Discussion and Conclusions

This study did not find significant mortality or morbidity effects associated with SCS availability at the population level in Ontario. In the context of a highly toxic drug supply, additional interventions will be required to reduce opioid‐related harms.
Synovial expression of glucocorticoid receptor parallels fibroblast activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Vlachogiannis Nikolaos I. , Verrou Kleio‐Maria , Yavropoulou Maria P. , Tektonidou Maria , Chrousos George P. , Sfikakis Petros P.
Published: August 2024

Background

Hypocortisolemia is associated with increased expression of NR3C1 (glucocorticoid receptor, GR) in blood cells. As endogenous cortisol production is decreased in some RA patients, we tested the hypothesis that GR may be aberrantly expressed in rheumatoid synovium.

Methods

We defined the cellular pattern of NR3C1 synovial expression using human and mouse single‐cell RNA‐sequencing data. Bulk synovial RNA‐sequencing data from early (n = 57) or established (n = 94) RA were compared to osteoarthritis (n = 22) and healthy synovium (n = 28).

Results

GR was expressed in all synovial cell types in both human and experimental arthritis. GR synovial expression, as well as 11β‐HSD1/11β‐HSD2 enzyme ratio, were higher in RA than healthy and osteoarthritic tissue, regardless of disease duration or treatment. Given that GR expression varied across samples, we searched for differences between RA patients with higher versus lower GR expression. Indeed, the synovial transcriptome of RA patients with high versus low GR expression (1st quartile, 30,517 ± 4876 vs. 4th quartile, 19,382 ± 2523 normalized counts) was enriched for proinflammatory gene‐sets, including ‘inflammatory response’, ‘IFN‐γ response’ and ‘IL6/JAK/STAT3 signalling’. High synovial GR expression was also associated with increased JAK2 and PTPRK expression, denoting activation of the proinflammatory sublining fibroblasts. In contrast, low GR expression was associated with increased COMP and COL6A2 expression, denoting a resting synovial state.

Conclusions

GR is overexpressed in the synovium of some RA patients in association with proinflammatory gene expression and activated sublining fibroblast status. Further studies should examine whether GR overexpression may act as a compensatory mechanism sensitizing synovial tissue to glucocorticoid action in RA.
Ad hoc bank taxation and credit supply
Authors: Volk Matjaž
Published: August 2024

This paper studies the introduction of new temporary taxation on banks and its effects on banks' lending decisions. Focusing on a unique policy experiment in Slovenia in 2011, where the government imposed a 0.1% tax on banks' total assets, I find that the introduction of the tax resulted in a lower credit supply of loans to corporates. In particular, for each percentage point increase in the share of tax in the capital, banks charge, on average, 8 basis points higher lending rates and decrease their lending amount by 0.5%. The findings of this research carry strong policy implications for countries contemplating or having already implemented windfall or other temporary taxes on banks. The introduction of the tax might lead to a reduction in lending beyond what would be warranted from the standpoint of monetary or other policies.
Review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae as venereal pathogens in horses
Authors: Scholtz Melanie , Guthrie Alan John , Newton Richard , Schulman Martin Lance
Published: August 2024

Three bacteria extensively acknowledged as venereal pathogens with the potential to induce endometritis include Taylorella equigenitalis, the causative agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM), specific strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and certain capsule types of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The United Kingdom's Horserace Betting Levy Board recommends pre‐breeding screening for these bacteria in their International Codes of Practice and >20 000 samples are tested per annum in the United Kingdom alone. While the pathogenesis and regulatory importance of CEM are well established, an evaluation of the literature pertaining to venereal transmission of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae was lacking. The aim of this review was to evaluate published literature and determine the significance of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae as venereal pathogens in horses. Literature definitively demonstrating venereal transmission was not available. Instead, application of molecular typing methods suggested that common environmental sources of contamination, such as water, or fomites be considered as modes of transmission. The presence of organisms with pathogenic potential on a horse's external genitalia did not predict venereal transmission with resultant endometritis and reduced fertility. These findings may prompt further investigation using molecular technologies to confirm or exclude venereal spread and investigation of alternative mechanisms of transmission are indicated.
Predicting fatigue failure in five‐axis machined ball‐end milled components through FKM local stress approach
Authors: Fazili Zayeem , Barrans Simon , Walton Karl
Published: August 2024

Components created with five‐axis machining show a multi‐scale surface character due to cusps created on the surface and feed and tool marks within the cusps. Therefore, it becomes difficult to incorporate the effects of surface character on fatigue life for such components. In this work, an Forschungskuratorium Maschinenbau (FKM) guideline is adapted to develop a fatigue prediction model which considers cusps as notches and marks within the cusps as surface roughness (characterized by parameter R10z). The assessment uses stresses obtained from an finite element analysis model to predict the fatigue life of components whilst considering stress concentration, stress gradient, mean stress, and surface roughness effects. When cusps are regarded as surface roughness within the conventional FKM approach, fatigue life is considerably underestimated. In comparison, fatigue life predictions that take into consideration the roughness within cusps and treat cusps as stress‐raising notches are closer to experimental life.
Study on precursory recognition and integrated warning modeling to fracture in flawed sandstone under uniaxial compression
Authors: Zhang Liang , Meng Xiangyu , Lei Ruide , Zhou Linsen , Zhou Jiankun
Published: August 2024

To explore the precursory information and instability fracture of rocks, we conducted a series of uniaxial compression tests on flawed sandstone. An integrated warning modeling is developed to predict the fracture in flawed sandstone. The results show that both the peak strength and elastic modulus of flawed sandstone demonstrate an “inverted” Gaussian distribution relative to the ligament angle, reaching the minimum values at 60°. The elastic strain energy proportion shows a sharp drop‐off, whereas the proportion of dissipative energy increases in steps. The coalescence modes of flawed sandstone change from a mixed tensile‐shear failure approximately aligned with the axis to an oblique shear failure. An integrated warning model is developed by integrating a Multi‐Output Classifier (MOC) and Grid optimization (GO). The integrated warning model has an accuracy of 97.95%. Additionally, the sensitivity of the model is recorded at 99.26%, confirming its effectiveness in predicting the likelihood of fracturing.
Quantifying predation on benthos and its overlap with bottom fishing in the NW Atlantic
Authors: Smith Brian E. , Ragnarsson Stefán , Collie Jeremy S.
Published: August 2024

Continental shelves experience many human pressures with demersal fisheries central to disturbing the ocean floor. However, ecological processes such as predation rates of benthos and their relationship with bottom fishing are often unknown for large marine ecosystems. We examined the amount of benthos consumed by 14 benthivorous fishes, the overlap between benthos predation and bottom fishing (dredge and trawl gear), and temporal trends in benthivorous fish abundance and the number of fishing trips on the northeast US continental shelf. Mean annual predation (biomass of prey removed) and 95% confidence intervals ranged from .0002 (.0001–.0003) to 3967 (1761–7112) t per 10‐min area squared grid cell and prey taxa for these benthivorous fishes. Predation and bottom fishing had overlapping footprints of activity, which were slightly stronger for dredge gear. Trophic success (ratio of prey biomass eaten to the biomass of the benthivore community per grid cell) revealed more Bivalvia, Gammaridea, and Polychaeta eaten in areas targeted by trawling with more fish biomass. In contrast, dredging did not target fish biomass, but these areas had increased (Echinoidea, Gammaridea, and other benthos) or decreased (Ophiuroidea) trophic success relative to dredging footprint, suggesting habitat preferences for benthic prey and demersal fisheries have converged rather than diverged. Despite declines in bottom fishing, recent increases in benthivorous fish abundance and growing interest in ocean floor use suggest that fisheries managers should ensure benthivores have sufficient prey resources relative to their community size and human pressures to promote long‐term sustainability of demersal fisheries and healthy ecosystems.
Intraspecific trait variation of carrion beetle species and communities across elevations
Authors: Ji Qiao‐Qiao , Xie Zhijing , Wu Yunga , Wan Zhuoma , Xu Caiyi , Wu Donghui , Chen Ting‐Wen , Ordonez Alejandro
Published: August 2024

Filtering processes across environmental gradients can structure patterns of trait variation within communities. The community‐weighted mean (CWM) is a metric that is commonly used to indicate the directionality of such filtering processes and the optimal adaptive strategy of taxa within community. Proximity to the CWM indicates higher fitness, and deviations from this optimal value result in changes in the relative abundances of coexisting species.

We investigated patterns of intraspecific trait variation in four coexisting carrion beetle species (Coleoptera: Silphidae) across elevational gradients. The study was conducted in temperate forest ecosystems with distinct natural vegetation zones ranging from 950 m to 1700 m above sea level.

Of the 12 traits measured, we found that intraspecific variation ranged from 34% (body length) to 100% (ratio of elytra length, head length and head width to body length) and accounted for a larger proportion of variation than interspecific variation in 7 traits. For most traits, trait range, which indicates the niche breadth of species at a given elevation, was positively correlated with relative abundance. The CWMs of traits associated with long‐distance dispersal decreased with elevation, whereas those associated with microhabitat use showed the opposite trend. Soil temperature influenced tibia length after controlling for the effects of species identity, but soil water content had no effect on trait variation. Patterns of variation in body width and thorax width of two beetle species supported the CWM‐optimality hypothesis; however, patterns of trait variation in body width and thorax length of another species showed an opposite trend.

Our study identifies several traits that can be highly variable within carrion beetle species. Such high levels of intraspecific trait variation may enable populations to adapt across a wide range of elevations and vegetation types.
Brazing mechanism and shear strength of SiAlON/WC‐Co joint using Ag–Cu–Ti active filler
Authors: Zhou Yi , Liu Yuan , Chen Jia‐Pei , Guo Wei‐Ming , Luo Si‐Chun , Lin Hua‐Tay
Published: August 2024

This work investigated the formation mechanism and the effects of temperature on the microstructure and shear strength of vacuum‐brazed SiAlON ceramic/WC‐Co cemented carbide joints using an Ag–Cu–Ti active filler as the interlayer. The diffusion of Ti elements toward substrates and their subsequent reaction during the brazing process led to the formation of TiN, TiC, and Ti5Si3 phases, where the featured reaction layers were established. A continuous reaction layer of TiN in the SiAlON substrate side and TiC in the WC substrate side were formed. The ceramic phases (Ti5Si3 TiN, and TiC) were distributed in a brazed intermediate layer. The highest shear strength of the brazed joints obtained at 850°C was 325.28 ± 20.27 MPa, demonstrating the feasibility of the Ag–Cu–Ti active filler in producing robust joints.
Patterns of contingency and non‐contingency in teacher–student scaffolding interactions: A case of novice and experienced language teachers
Authors: Kardoust Amir
Published: August 2024

Teacher contingency, in which teachers adapt their support to the learner's level of understanding is assumed to be the distinguishing characteristic of scaffolding. Yet, classroom studies on the topic scarcely exist. The current study examined the process of contingency in classroom settings. Three novice and three experienced English language teachers were video‐recorded to compile a 9‐h corpus. The model of contingent teaching was used to code the different stages of scaffolding. Conversation analysis was applied to provide an emic perspective of each stage. The results indicated different contingent and non‐contingent teaching patterns for novice and experienced teachers. The non‐contingent teaching of novice teachers was characterized by skipping the diagnosis stage, failing to adapt the support to the learners' level of understanding by using high‐support moves, and failing to check learners' understanding. The experienced teachers mainly diagnosed their learners' understanding, checked their diagnosis, and used a wider array of strategies to provide interventions. Their non‐contingent teaching stemmed from maladjustment of support to their learners' level of understanding. The implications for theory and practice are then discussed.
Marketization and corporate cash holdings: Role of financial constraint alleviation
Authors: Lei Lin , Zhou Han , Wang Dingding
Published: August 2024

This study examines the relationship between marketization and corporate cash holdings. Using a sample of the Chinese stock market spanning from 2007 to 2020, our empirical results show that marketization negatively affects corporate cash holdings. This effect is more pronounced for firms in the eastern and central regions of China and Chinese Growth Enterprise Market (GEM). Additionally, our study finds that investment opportunities and state‐owned features of firms play moderating roles in the effect of marketization on firms' cash holdings. State‐owned enterprises (SOEs) are less affected by marketization; however, the more investment opportunities a firm has, the greater is the negative impact of marketization on its cash holdings. Finally, we find that marketization can affect corporate cash holdings through firms' financing constraints. These results are robust to various tests and alternative explanations.
Structural characterization of gallium fluoride phosphate glasses by advanced solid‐state NMR methods and correlation with photophysical properties
Authors: Gaddam Anuraag , Galleani Gustavo , de Lima Reis Vitor , de Camargo Andrea S. S. , Eckert Hellmut
Published: August 2024

Gallium fluoride phosphate glasses feature low refractive index, high energy radiation resistance, wide transmission range, and favorable emission characteristics of rare‐earth dopants. For the development of optimized glass compositions, a fundamental understanding of these properties in terms of glass structure is sought. We report nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural studies of glasses in the system xGa(PO3)3–(40 − x)GaF3–20BaF2–20ZnF2–20SrF2 (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol%). 31P NMR results with 71Ga recoupling show that the network structure is dominated by P–O–Ga linkages, and no P–O–P linkages exist. 71Ga NMR results show that Ga is mainly six‐coordinated featuring a mixed fluoride/phosphate coordination. Quantitative estimates of this ligand distribution around gallium were obtained by 71Ga{31P} spin echo double resonance (REDOR) measurements. Photophysical properties suggest changes in the Eu(III) ligand distribution toward a fluoride‐dominated environment at low P/F ratio while the glass network is largely sustained by bridging oxygen atoms via P–O–Ga linkages.
Essential competencies of nurses for climate change response in Saudi Arabia: A rapid literature review
Authors: Mani Zakaria A. , Naylor Katarzyna , Goniewicz Krzysztof
Published: August 2024

Aim

Amidst the mounting challenges posed by climate change, the healthcare sector emerges as a vital frontliner, with nurses standing as its linchpins. This review delves into the pivotal role of nurses in combatting the health consequences of climatic alterations, particularly within the nuanced environment of Saudi Arabia.

Design

A rapid literature review.

Method

Drawing from a rigorous analysis of 53 studies, our exploration revolves around the preparedness strategies formulated in response to Saudi Arabia's changing climate. The variables analysed included study design, sample size, focus area, geographical coverage and key findings related to nurse competencies. Data were collected using a structured data extraction form and analysed using thematic content analysis. Employing content analysis, we discerned essential domains: from grasping the health impacts of climate change to customizing care for the most susceptible populations and championing advocacy initiatives.

Findings

Salient findings highlight nurses' profound understanding of both direct and secondary health implications of climate shifts. Additionally, the results emphasize the tailored interventions needed for vulnerable groups, capacity building and disaster readiness. Crucially, our findings spotlight the significance of weaving cultural, ethical and regional threads into nursing strategies. By painting a comprehensive picture, we showcase the delicate balance of environmental evolution, healthcare dynamics and the unique socio‐cultural tapestry of Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion

The results of our analysis revealed key competencies required for nurses, including the ability to address immediate health impacts, provide tailored care for vulnerable populations and engage in advocacy and policy formulation. In summation, nurses' multifaceted roles—from immediate medical care to research, advocacy and strategizing—underscore their invaluable contribution to confronting the health adversities sparked by climate change. Our review accentuates the essential contributions of nurses in tackling climate‐related health hurdles and calls for more nuanced research, policy adjustments and proactive measures attuned to Saudi Arabia's distinct backdrop.
Rapid counting of coliforms and Escherichia coli by deep learning‐based classifier
Authors: Wakabayashi Rina , Aoyanagi Atsuko , Tominaga Tatsuya
Published: August 2024

To ensure that food has been handled hygienically, manufacturers routinely examine the numbers of indicator bacteria, such as coliforms and Escherichia coli. Using the deep‐learning algorithm YOLO, we developed a classifier that automatically counts the number of coliforms (red colonies) and E. coli (blue colonies) on a chromogenic agar plate. Using Citrobacter freundii IAM 12471T and E. coli NBRC 3301, we trained our YOLO‐based classifier with images of Petri dishes grown with each strain alone (10 images) and/or with a mixture of both strains (5 images). When the performance of the classifier was evaluated using 83 images, the accuracy rates for coliforms and E. coli reached 99.4% and 99.5%, respectively. We then investigated whether this classifier could detect other, non‐trained coliform species (22 species) and E. coli strains (13 strains). The accuracy rates for coliforms and E. coli were 98.7% (90 Petri dishes) and 94.1% (46 Petri dishes), respectively. Furthermore, we verified the practical feasibility of the developed classifier using 38 meats (chicken, pork, and beef). The accuracy rates for coliforms and E. coli in meat isolates were 98.8% (80 Petri dishes) and 93.8% (35 Petri dishes), respectively. The time required to count coliforms/E. coli on a single plate was ~70 ms. This novel method should enable users to rapidly quantify coliforms/E. coli without relying on a human inspector's color vision, leading to improved assurance of food safety.
Use of a large language model with instruction‐tuning for reliable clinical frailty scoring
Authors: Kee Xiang Lee Jamie , Sng Gerald Gui Ren , Lim Daniel Yan Zheng , Tung Joshua Yi Min , Abdullah Hairil Rizal , Chowdury Anupama Roy
Published: August 2024

Background

Frailty is an important predictor of health outcomes, characterized by increased vulnerability due to physiological decline. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is commonly used for frailty assessment but may be influenced by rater bias. Use of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) offers a promising method for efficient and reliable frailty scoring.

Methods

The study utilized seven standardized patient scenarios to evaluate the consistency and reliability of CFS scoring by OpenAI's GPT‐3.5‐turbo model. Two methods were tested: a basic prompt and an instruction‐tuned prompt incorporating CFS definition, a directive for accurate responses, and temperature control. The outputs were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and Fleiss' Kappa for inter‐rater reliability. The outputs were compared with historic human scores of the same scenarios.

Results

The LLM's median scores were similar to human raters, with differences of no more than one point. Significant differences in score distributions were observed between the basic and instruction‐tuned prompts in five out of seven scenarios. The instruction‐tuned prompt showed high inter‐rater reliability (Fleiss' Kappa of 0.887) and produced consistent responses in all scenarios. Difficulty in scoring was noted in scenarios with less explicit information on activities of daily living (ADLs).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the potential of LLMs in consistently scoring clinical frailty with high reliability. It demonstrates that prompt engineering via instruction‐tuning can be a simple but effective approach for optimizing LLMs in healthcare applications. The LLM may overestimate frailty scores when less information about ADLs is provided, possibly as it is less subject to implicit assumptions and extrapolation than humans. Future research could explore the integration of LLMs in clinical research and frailty‐related outcome prediction.
Effect of reinforcement particle size on the corrosion and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered aluminium matrix composites
Authors: Sadeghi Behzad , Cavaliere Pasquale , Sanayei Mohsen
Published: August 2024

In this study, the effects of different sizes of reinforcing particles on the corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties of aluminium (Al)‐based composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) are analysed. In the study, the effects of SPS parameters, including electrical power, applied pressure and sintering temperature, on the consolidation process and microstructure evolution of the composite are closely investigated. The results reveal a nuanced relationship between the sintering conditions and the properties of the particles, which in turn determine the sintering dynamics and the formation of the microstructural features. The evaluation of mechanical properties indicates a remarkable influence of particle size distribution on the hardness of the composites, showing an initial improvement with the introduction of nanoparticles, followed by a slight decrease as the balance between nano‐ and micron‐sized Al2O3 particles shifts. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study demonstrates the influence of particle dimensions on the change of grain boundaries and the spatial arrangement of the composite matrix. Electrochemical experiments in a 0.1 M NaCl solution show a consistent corrosion potential (Ecorr) across all samples, while the current densities associated with corrosion (icorr) show considerable variation. The presence of nano‐sized Al2O3 particles was found to increase corrosion resistance, in contrast to the detrimental effects observed with larger microparticles. In particular, composites with a bimodal distribution of particle sizes showed a 3.5‐fold increase in corrosion resistance compared to pure Al. The specific Al‐2n8mAl2O3 composite that exhibited active electrochemical properties at elevated potentials without a defined passivation range emphasises the significant role of particle size. This study draws attention to bimodal microstructures as a promising route to achieving uniformity and improved corrosion resistance in Al matrix composites, while pointing to the need for further research to fully elucidate the operative mechanisms.
The effect of topical tranexamic acid with micro‐needling and micro‐needling alone in treatment of macular amyloidosis
Authors: Gheisari Mehdi , Ghalamkarpour Fariba , Moslemi Haghighi Shima , Zaresharifi Shirin , Dadkhahfar Sahar , Al‐Zubaidi Nabaa , Ghadirzade Arani Leila , Mollaabasi Faeghe , Robati Reza M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Macular amyloidosis is a form of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis presented by pruritic pigmented macules in rippled or reticulate pattern. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of using topical tranexamic acid with micro‐needling comparing to micro‐needling alone in patients with macular amyloidosis.

Materials and Methods

Patients with bilaterally located macular amyloidosis on trunk or upper extremities were recruited in this trial. The skin lesions in all patients were divided into two parts which were randomly assigned to the group of treatment with micro‐needling plus tranexamic acid and the group of micro‐needling alone. There were four sessions of treatment with 2 weeks interval. The percentage of improvement in pigmentation (based on photographs and dermoscopy) and rippling of each group was determined by three blinded dermatologists. The level of patient satisfaction and reduction of pruritus was measured by a questionnaire and defined as a percentage.

Results

Twenty females were enrolled in this study. The mean (SD) patients' age was 39.7 (±10.13) years. Both groups showed improvement in pigmentation based on images, dermoscopy, and rippling pattern. Patients' satisfaction was 46.5% in tranexamic acid group and 47.5% in micro‐needling alone. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between both groups (p value >0.05). Interestingly, the pruritus improved 61.66% after four sessions of treatment in both groups.

Conclusion

Micro‐needling is a suitable modality for decreasing pruritus and pigmentation in macular amyloidosis. However, topical application of tranexamic acid does not lead to additional improvement.
Nanoindentation creep: The impact of water and artificial saliva storage on milled and 3D‐printed resin composites
Authors: Sasany Rafat , Jamjoom Faris Z. , Uçar Sultan Merve , Yilmaz Burak
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study evaluated the effects of artificial saliva and distilled water on the nanoindentation creep of different 3D‐printed and milled CAD‐CAM resin composites.

Material and Methods

Disk‐shaped specimens were subtractively fabricated from polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network (EN) and reinforced resin composite (B) and additively from resin composite (C) and hybrid resin composite (VS) using digital light processing (DLP). Specimens from each material were divided into two groups according to their storage conditions (artificial saliva or distilled water for 3 months). Creep was analyzed by nanoindentation testing. Statistical analysis was done using two‐way ANOVA, one‐way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc tests, and independent t‐test (α = 0.05).

Results

The main effects of material and storage conditions, and their interaction were statistically significant on nanoindentation (p < 0.001). Storage condition had the greatest influence (partial eta squared ηP2 = 0.370), followed by the material (ηP2 = 0.359), and the interaction (ηP2 = 0.329). The nanoindentation creep depths after artificial saliva storage ranged from 0.34 to 0.51 µm and from 0.50 to 0.87 µm after distilled water storage. One of the additively manufactured groups had higher nanoindentation creep depths in both storage conditions.

Conclusions

All specimens showed comparable performance after artificial saliva storage, but increased nanoindentation creep after distilled water storage for 3 months. The subtractive CAD‐CAM blocks showed superior dimensional stability in terms of nanoindentation creep depths in both storage conditions. Additively manufactured composite resins had lower dimensional stability than one of the subtractively manufactured composites, which was demonstrated as having higher creep deformation and maximum recovery. However, after artificial saliva storage, one of the additively manufactured resins had dimensional stability similar to that of subtractively manufactured.
Good intentions gone awry: Rail lines and inner‐city development
Authors: Sun Tianshi , Xu Zhicheng , Wang Mingyue , Liu Xiuyan
Published: August 2024

This study explored the impact of transportation systems in urban areas on economic activity. We examined the effect of traditional Chinese railway construction fencing on urban spatial development using nighttime luminance and railway data from prefecture‐level cities. The study found that the fencing effect exacerbated uneven development on either side of the railway, especially in economically underdeveloped areas. These results were supported by different measures of development and a placebo test. The fencing effect was also found to affect the location of newly registered firms and the total factor productivity of industrial firms, leading to unbalanced growth on either side of the railway.
Parent‐Reported Academic Outcomes After a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Kramer Andrew , Foley Justin , Hansen Colby , Teramoto Masaru
Published: August 2024

Background

Millions of children are diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, most being mild TBI (mTBI). The effect of mTBIs on academic performance is of significant importance. We investigate mTBI's impact on parent‐reported academic outcomes in school‐aged pediatric participants.

Methods

This cross‐sectional survey study queried parents (N = 285) regarding letter grade performance and the presence or absence of academic accommodations before and after an mTBI, including complicated mTBI (c‐mTBI, or mTBI with radiographic abnormality).

Results

We found a parent‐reported decline in letter grades following c‐mTBI (p < .001), with no significant change following uncomplicated mTBIs. Degree and length of recovery were also associated with grade changes (p < .05). Those with no academic accommodations prior to the injury showed significant decreases in grades after injury regardless of post‐injury accommodation status (p < .05).

Implications of School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

This study underscores the need for an improved framework of support to maximize academic performance of children following mTBI, especially in those with a c‐mTBI and still recovering from their injury.

Conclusion

Our study identifies children who are at risk for adverse academic outcomes following mTBI. We encourage efforts to better support school nurses in this effort, including improved communication between health care teams and school teams.
Cinnamic acid derivatives played a major role in the resistance of peach leaves to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni infection
Authors: Lu Tailiang , Zhu Pengxiang , Li Haiyan , Liang Ruizheng , Li Yijie , Liang Xin , Wan Baoxiong
Published: August 2024

Peach bacterial shot hole is a common global disease of peach trees caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (Xap). To preliminarily explore the resistance mechanism of peach bacterial shot hole, leaves of the resistant variety ‘Yanbao’ and the susceptible variety ‘Frederic’ were used as test materials. The contents of total phenols, total flavonoids and lignin were analysed after 1 day of inoculation treatment, and the activities of defence enzymes and cell wall degradation enzymes in the leaves were determined. Furthermore, the resistant substances were screened by combining broad‐target metabolomics technology and in vitro antibacterial activity. The results showed that the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids and lignin in peach leaves were related to resistance. The resistant varieties resisted infection by inhibiting the activities of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methyl trans‐eliminase (PMTE) produced by Xap in peach leaves and increasing the activities of 4‐coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL), cinnamic acid‐4‐hydroxylase (C4H), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD). A total of six resistant compounds were screened from 85 differential metabolites. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of methyl ferulate (MF), p‐coumaric acid (p‐CA) and methyl caffeate (MC) on Xap were 0.0625, 00625 and 0.125 mg/mL, respectively, while that of the positive control drug oxytetracycline (OTC) was 0.125 mg/mL. The antibacterial activities of MF and p‐CA were better than that of OTC, and MF was equivalent to OTC. In addition, homoeriodictyol, hesperetin and fraxin have certain antibacterial effects. Before inoculation treatment, the contents of MF, p‐CA and MC in ‘Yanbao’ were 1.13, 1.24 and 1.96 times higher than those in ‘Frederic’, respectively, while they were 1.29, 1.80 and 1.94 times after inoculation treatment, respectively. During the process of pathogen infection, MF and p‐CA in the leaves of resistant peach varieties played a role in inducing resistance, while MC was a component of resistance. The above three cinnamic acid derivatives play an important roles in the resistance of peach bacterial shot hole and are potential control drugs.
Diversity of causal agents of Pseudostellaria heterophylla leaf spot from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: Yao Qiuyu , Zhao Qingfa , Jiang Kaiyun , Li Cheng , Liao Mingwu , Chen Xiangsheng , Li Zhong
Published: August 2024

Pseudostellaria heterophylla, a valuable Chinese herbal medicine, is widely cultivated in China, with a planted area of 5402.7 hm2 in Shibing County, Guizhou Province. The occurrence of leaf spot disease represents a significant challenge in the production area. In this study, 30 samples of P. heterophylla exhibiting symptoms of leaf spot were collected from three primary production areas in Guizhou Province. Following isolation and purification, 51 isolates were classified into two genera based on both cultural and conidial characteristics, along with ITS sequence data. Fourteen representative strains were selected for morphological and multigene molecular identification, which revealed that these representative strains were affiliated with Alternaria arborescens species complex (SC), Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria gaisen, and Sclerotiophoma versabilis. The isolation rates of Alternaria and Sclerotiophoma were 84.3% and 15.7%, respectively. Pathogenicity tests confirmed the identity of the causal agents and demonstrated varying levels of aggressiveness among the different genera and species of pathogens towards P. heterophylla leaves. This study marks the first identification of A. arborescens SC, A. gaisen, and S. versabilis as pathogens causing leaf spot in P. heterophylla in China.
Service robots and innovation: An ecosystem approach
Authors: Mahr Dominik , Odekerken‐Schröder Gaby , Steins Mark
Published: August 2024

The proliferation of service robots has stimulated innovation across industries. These autonomous, physically embodied, and adaptable robots engage in diverse interactions, from patient care to goods delivery and hospitality services. However, the deployment of increasingly capable service robots demands not only designing user–robot interactions, but also holistic innovation management that transcends organizational boundaries and involves various societal stakeholders. Our research draws on the emerging Public Value Theory to examine the types of service robots and the innovation ecosystems that harness the expertise of public and private stakeholders and produce Public Value. Based on literature and an illustrative case study, we conceptualize service robots along characteristics such as autonomy, aesthetics, assistive roles, and user interfaces, and introduce Service Robot‐based Innovation as the ecosystem‐enabled development and employment of such robots. The service robot's autonomy and ecosystem integration are key dimensions determining innovation management practices and Public Value creation. The illustrative case, centered on long‐term care, dissects the integration of service robots across the micro (user), meso (organizational), and macro (societal) levels of the ecosystem. An ecosystem‐as‐structure approach identifies the roles and activities of stakeholders aligning around a shared value proposition of Public Value. A research agenda presents future opportunities within and across various ecosystem levels to advance scholarly understanding of Service Robot‐based Innovation.
Novel high‐throughput oxygen saturation measurements for quantifying the physiological performance of macroalgal early life stages
Authors: Veenhof R. J. , Coleman M. A. , Champion C. , Dworjanyn S. A. , Venhuizen R. , Kearns L. , Marzinelli E. M. , Pettersen A. K.
Published: August 2024

Understanding how macroalgal forests will respond to environmental change is critical for predicting future impacts on coastal ecosystems. Although measures of adult macroalgae physiological responses to environmental stress are advancing, measures of early life‐stage physiology are rare, in part due to the methodological difficulties associated with their small size. Here we tested a novel, high‐throughput method (rate of oxygen consumption and production; ) via a sensor dish reader microplate system to rapidly measure physiological rates of the early life stages of three habitat‐forming macroalgae, the kelp Ecklonia radiata and the fucoids Hormosira banksii and Phyllospora comosa. We measured the rate of O2 consumption (respiration) and O2 production (net primary production) to then calculate gross primary production (GPP) under temperatures representing their natural thermal range. The microplate system was suitable for rapidly measuring physiological rates over a temperature gradient to establish thermal performance curves for all species. The microplate system proved efficient for measures of early life stages of macroalgae ranging in size from approximately 50 μm up to 150 mm. This method has the potential for measuring responses of early life stages across a range of environmental factors, species, populations, and developmental stages, vastly increasing the speed, precision, and efficacy of macroalgal physiological measures under future ocean change scenarios.
Intraindividual comparison of prognostic imaging features of HCCs between MRIs with extracellular and hepatobiliary contrast agents
Authors: Yoon Ja Kyung , Han Dai Hoon , Lee Sunyoung , Choi Jin‐Young , Choi Gi Hong , Kim Do Young , Kim Myeong‐Jin
Published: August 2024

Background & Aims

Accumulating evidence suggests that certain imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may have prognostic implications. This study aimed to intraindividually compare MRIs with extracellular contrast agent (ECA‐MRI) and hepatobiliary agent (HBA‐MRI) for prognostic imaging features of HCC and to compare the prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) and early recurrence between the two MRIs.

Methods

The present study included 102 prospectively enrolled at‐risk patients (median age, 61.0 years; 83 men) with surgically resected single HCC with both preoperative ECA‐MRI and HBA‐MRI between July 2019 and June 2023. The McNemar test was used to compare each prognostic imaging feature between the two MRIs. Significant imaging features associated with MVI were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis, and early recurrence rates (<2 years) were compared between the two MRIs.

Results

The frequencies of prognostic imaging features were not significantly different between the two MRIs (p = .07 to >.99). Non‐smooth tumour margin (ECA‐MRI, odds ratio [OR] = 5.30; HBA‐MRI, OR = 7.07) and peritumoral arterial phase hyperenhancement (ECA‐MRI, OR = 4.26; HBA‐MRI, OR = 4.43) were independent factors significantly associated with MVI on both MRIs. Two‐trait predictor of venous invasion (presence of internal arteries and absence of hypoattenuating halo) on ECA‐MRI (OR = 11.24) and peritumoral HBP hypointensity on HBA‐MRI (OR = 20.42) were other predictors of MVI. Early recurrence rates of any two or more significant imaging features (49.8% on ECA‐MRI vs 51.3% on HBA‐MRI, p = .75) were not significantly different between the two MRIs.

Conclusion

Prognostic imaging features of HCC may be comparable between ECA‐MRI and HBA‐MRI.
Petrographic and geochemical analysis of lunar meteorite NWA 11788: Parallels with Luna 20 and the Apollo magnesian granulites
Authors: Hulsey Craig R. , O'Sullivan Katie M.
Published: August 2024

The first in‐depth geochemical and petrological analyses of new lunar meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11788 were conducted with the aim of better understanding the diversity of lunar rock types. Petrography, microcomputed tomography, electron probe microanalysis, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were employed to analyze mineralogic/elemental makeup, petrologic profile, melt history, and inferred composition of the lunar mantle from which the crystals in this sample originated from. Geochemical maps of the lunar surface were generated to constrain potential lunar launch locations for NWA 11788. Potential launch locations are concentrated in the outer rims of impact basins on the lunar Eastern nearside limb (e.g., Crisium, Fecunditatis, Marginis, Smythii) and around the South Pole–Aitken Basin. Similarities in the major, minor, and trace element chemistry of NWA 11788 along with its potential launch locations suggest a petrogenetic relationship with regolith samples returned from the Luna 20 mission and the Apollo 16 and 17 magnesian granulites. Additionally, the results of this study add to the growing body of evidence that KREEP (potassium, rare earth elements, phosphorous)‐poor, Mg‐suite‐“like” lithologies are common in non‐Apollo‐type locales, that KREEP may not be required to generate lithologies like the Mg‐suite, and that KREEP is not globally distributed at present.
Retinal Vessel Functional Responses in South Africans Living With and Without HIV: The EndoAfrica‐NWU Study
Authors: Myburgh‐Jacobsz Catharina Elizabeth , Botha‐Le Roux Shani , Kotliar Konstantin , Wentzel Annemarie , Jacobs Adriaan , De Boever Patrick , Goswami Nandu , Strijdom Hans , Smith Wayne
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) on microvascular function are poorly explored. We compared retinal vessel functional responses to flicker light‐induced provocation (FLIP) in people living with HIV (PLWH) and people living without HIV (PLWoutH).

Methods

We included 115 PLWH and 51 PLWoutH with a median age of 41 years. Treated PLWH received similar first‐line fixed‐dose combination ART. Clinical characteristics and retinal vessels functional responses to FLIP were compared in (a) PLWH and PLWoutH; and (b) PLWH groups stratified by the median of (i) CD4‐count (511 cells/mm3), (ii) viral load (50 copies/mL), and (iii) ART duration (57.6 months).

Results

PLWH were older, smoked more, and had a lower prevalence of hypertension than PLWoutH (p < 0.05). Almost 64% of PLWH were infected for more than 5 years. Retinal vessel responses to FLIP were similar between PLWH and PLWoutH after taking confounders into account. In addition, PLWH subgroups stratified according to immuno‐virological status by CD4‐count, viral load, and ART duration showed no differences in retinal vessel responses to FLIP.

Conclusion

Living with HIV and receiving ART were not associated with altered microvascular function as assessed with dynamic retinal vessel analysis in a South African case–control study.