bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lung tissue biomechanics imaged with synchrotron phase contrast microtomography in live rats
Authors: Cercos-Pita Jose-Luis , Fardin Luca , Leclerc Hugo , Maury Bertrand , Perchiazzi Gaetano , Bravin Alberto , Bayat Sam
Published: March 2022

The magnitude and distribution of strain imposed on the peripheral airspaces by mechanical ventilation at the microscopic level and the consequent deformations are unknown despite their importance for understanding the mechanisms occurring at the onset of ventilator-induced lung injury. Here a 4-Dimensional (3D + time) image acquisition and processing technique is developed to assess pulmonary acinar biomechanics at microscopic resolution. Synchrotron radiation phase contrast CT with an isotropic voxel size of 6 µm3is applied in live anesthetized rats under controlled mechanical ventilation. Video animations of regional acinar and vascular strain are acquired in vivo. Maps of strain distribution due to positive-pressure breaths and cardiovascular activity in lung acini and blood vessels are derived based on CT images. Regional strain within the lung peripheral airspaces takes average values of 0.09 ± 0.02. Fitting the expressionS = kVn, to the changes in peripheral airspace area (S) and volume (V) during a positive pressure breath yields an exponent n = 0.82 ± 0.03, suggesting predominant alveolar expansion rather than ductal expansion or alveolar recruitment. We conclude that this methodology can be used to assess acinar conformational changes during positive pressure breaths in intact peripheral lung airspaces.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low birthweight infants with retinopathy of prematurity in a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ahn Ja-Hye , Lee Kyeong Mi , Kim Mi Jung , Park Hyun-Kyung , Kim Yu Jeong , Ahn Seong Joon , Lee Hyun Ju
Published: March 2022

In a nationwide prospective cohort of Korean infants with very low birthweights (VLBW, birth weight < 1500 g) from 70 neonatal intensive care units of the Korean Neonatal Network, we investigated neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) from 2132 infants with VLBW who had undergone developmental assessments at 18–24 months of corrected age. Motor, cognitive, or language delay was determined using developmental scores that were less than 1 standard deviation from the average. Comparative analyses and multivariate regression analyses were performed to validate the association between ROP or its treatment and developmental delay. Motor (52.8% vs. 36.3%), cognitive (46.8% vs. 31.6%), and language delays (42.5% vs. 28.4%) were noted more frequently in infants with ROP than in those without ROP; this was statistically significant (all P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that motor and cognitive delays were significantly associated with ROP. There were no remarkable differences between the neurodevelopmental outcomes and the treatment modalities (laser photocoagulation, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection, or both) for ROP, and both stratification and multivariate regression analyses confirmed no significant association between anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and neurodevelopmental delay. As ROP is significantly associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes independent of extreme prematurity, neurodevelopmental functions should be given attention in infants with ROP.
Emerging precision diagnostics in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Geidel Glenn , Heidrich Isabel , Kött Julian , Schneider Stefan W. , Pantel Klaus , Gebhardt Christoffer
Published: March 2022

Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) encompasses unresectable and metastatic disease. Although immune checkpoint inhibition has been approved for this entity recently, a considerable proportion of cases is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Clinical, histopathological, and radiological criteria are used for current diagnostics, classification, and therapeutic decision-making. The identification of complex molecular biomarkers to accurately stratify patients is a not yet accomplished requirement to further shift current diagnostics and care to a personalized precision medicine. This article highlights new insights into the mutational profile of cSCC, summarizes current diagnostic and therapeutic standards, and discusses emerging diagnostic approaches with emphasis on liquid biopsy and tumor tissue-based analyses.
In-vitro engineered human cerebral tissues mimic pathological circuit disturbances in 3D
Authors: Saberi Aref , Aldenkamp Albert P. , Kurniawan Nicholas A. , Bouten Carlijn V. C.
Published: March 2022

In-vitro modeling of brain network disorders such as epilepsy remains a major challenge. A critical step is to develop an experimental approach that enables recapitulation of in-vivo-like three-dimensional functional complexity while allowing local modulation of the neuronal networks. Here, by promoting matrix-supported active cell reaggregation, we engineered multiregional cerebral tissues with intact 3D neuronal networks and functional interconnectivity characteristic of brain networks. Furthermore, using a multi-chambered tissue-culture chip, we show that our separated but interconnected cerebral tissues can mimic neuropathological signatures such as the propagation of epileptiform discharges.
Adjoint tomography of the Italian lithosphere
Authors: Magnoni Federica , Casarotti Emanuele , Komatitsch Dimitri , Di Stefano Raffaele , Ciaccio Maria Grazia , Tape Carl , Melini Daniele , Michelini Alberto , Piersanti Antonio , Tromp Jeroen
Published: March 2022

The evolution and state of geological structure at Earth’s surface is best understood with an accurate characterization of the subsurface. Here we present seismic tomographic images of the Italian lithosphere based on ground motion recordings and characterized by compressional and shear wavespeed structure at remarkable resolution, corresponding to a minimum period of ~10 s. Enhanced accuracy is enabled by state-of-the-art three-dimensional wavefield simulations in combination with an adjoint-state method. We focus on three primary findings of our model Im25. It highlights the distribution of fluids and gas (CO2) within the Italian subsurface and their correlation with seismicity. It illuminates Mt. Etna volcano and supports the hypothesis of a deep reservoir (~30 km) feeding a shallower magma-filled intrusive body. Offshore of the eastern Italian coast, it reveals that the Adriatic plate is made of two distinct microplates, separated by the Gargano deformation zone, indicating a complex lithosphere and tectonic evolution.
Frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes at Etna volcano unravels critical stress changes along magma pathways
Authors: Firetto Carlino Marco , Scarfì Luciano , Cannavò Flavio , Barberi Graziella , Patanè Domenico , Coltelli Mauro
Published: March 2022

The high seismic productivity of volcanic areas provides the chance to investigate the local stress conditions with great resolution, by analysing the slope of the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes, namely theb-value. Here we investigated the seismicity of Mt. Etna between 2005 and 2019, focusing on one of the largest known episodes of unrest in December 2018, when most of the intruding magma aborted, rather oddly, its ascent inside the volcano. We found a possible stress concentration zone along magma pathways, which may have inhibited the occurrence of a larger eruption. If the origin of such hypothetical loaded region is related to tectonic forces, one must consider the possibility that geodynamic processes can locally result in such rapid crustal strain as to perturb the release of magma. Strongb-value time-variations occurred a few days before the unrest event, suggesting new possibilities for investigating the volcano state and impending eruptions.
SAXS data modelling for the characterisation of ion tracks in polymers
Authors: Wang Xue , Dutt Shankar , Notthoff Christian , Kiy Alexander , Mota-Santiago Pablo , Mudie Stephen T. , Toimil-Molares Maria E. , Liu Feng , Wang Yugang , Kluth Patrick
Published: March 2022

New SAXS fitting models reveal the detailed morphology of cylindrical ion tracks in polymers composed of a highly damaged core with a gradual transition to the undamaged material.
Catalytic selective ring opening of polyaromatics for cleaner transportation fuels
Authors: Jampaiah Deshetti , Murzin Dmitry Y. , Lee Adam F. , Schaller David , Bhargava Suresh K. , Tabulo Ben , Wilson Karen
Published: March 2022

Selective ring opening (SRO) catalysts transform polycyclic molecules in low grade oil to produce cleaner burning diesel fuel. Mechanistic insight, structure-reactivity relationships, catalyst design, and future opportunities for pyrolysis oil refining from municipal solid waste are discussed.
Should residual biomass be used for fuels, power and heat, or materials? Assessing costs and environmental impacts for China in 2035
Authors: Shapiro-Bengtsen Sara , Hamelin Lorie , Bregnbæk Lars , Zou Lele , Münster Marie
Published: March 2022

Results show decisive impact on prioritization of residual biomass use when environmental impacts are included in energy system analysis. Marginal emissions and dynamic energy prices inform and improve energy representation in life cycle analysis.
Selective esterification of glycerol over ionic liquid functionalized cellulose (IMD-Si/HSO4@Cellulose) under energy-efficient microwave irradiation
Authors: Khan Nida , Khan Mohd Umar , Siddiqui Zeba N.
Published: March 2022

A green and sustainable route for selective esterification of glycerol has been developed. The high selectivity of tri-acetin (99%), recyclability of catalyst and overall green methodology were the advantageous features.
Green-synthesized gold nanoparticles from black tea extract enhance the chemosensitivity of doxorubicin in HCT116 cells via a ROS-dependent pathway
Authors: Das Tanushree , Mishra Snehasis , Nag Sayoni , Saha Krishna Das
Published: March 2022

Green gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were prepared from black tea extract (BTE) and used to examine the chemosensitivity of doxorubicin in colon cancer cell line HCT116.
Oligomeric chain extender-derived anion conducting membrane materials with poly(p-phenylene)-based architecture for fuel cells and water electrolyzers
Authors: Cha Min Suc , Park Ji Eun , Kim Sungjun , Shin Sang-Hun , Yang Seok Hwan , Lee Seung Jae , Kim Tae-Ho , Yu Duk Man , So Soonyong , Oh Kang Min , Sung Yung-Eun , Cho Yong-Hun , Lee Jang Yong
Published: March 2022

A series of oligomeric chain extender-derived AEMs (QPP-b-PSK-w-TMA) are reported for AEMFC and AEMWE. Especially, the QPP-b-PSK-3.5-TMA-based AEMFC showed the highest specific power among the state-of-the-art AEMFCs with noble metal catalysts.
An antioxidant nanodrug protects against hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Cao Yue , Xu Bo , Zhang Hao , Zhang Songtao , Sun Jian , Tang Ying , Wang Yinghui
Published: March 2022

CeO2 and MnO2 nanocomposites, with advantages of high biocompatibility, passive liver-targeting and short-term metabolic excretion, have the capacity to scavenge ROS and regulate the inflammation to alleviate hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury.
Preparation of 4D printed peripheral vascular stent and its degradation behavior under fluid shear stress after deployment
Authors: Wang Xianli , Zhang Yue , Shen Peiqi , Cheng Zhaojun , Chu Chenglin , Xue Feng , Bai Jing
Published: March 2022

Shape memory stents are mild intervention devices for vascular diseases as compared to balloon-dilated ones; however, their degradation behavior under blood shear stress after deployment also deserves further attention.
Probing aqueous ions with non-local Auger relaxation
Authors: Gopakumar Geethanjali , Muchová Eva , Unger Isaak , Malerz Sebastian , Trinter Florian , Öhrwall Gunnar , Lipparini Filippo , Mennucci Benedetta , Céolin Denis , Caleman Carl , Wilkinson Iain , Winter Bernd , Slavíček Petr , Hergenhahn Uwe , Björneholm Olle
Published: March 2022

Non-local analogues of Auger decay, such as Intermolecular Coulombic Decay, are increasingly recognized as important relaxation processes in aqueous electrolytes.
Thermal tuning of terahertz metamaterial absorber properties based on VO2
Authors: Zheng Zhipeng , Luo Yao , Yang Hua , Yi Zao , Zhang Jianguo , Song Qianjv , Yang Wenxing , Liu Chao , Wu Xianwen , Wu Pinghui
Published: March 2022

A novel, structurally simple, multifunctional broadband absorber is presented. The temperature control allows flexible adjustment of the absorption intensity from 0 to 0.999. When the vanadium dioxide is in its metallic state, the absorber achieves near-perfect absorption (>97%) in the ultra-broadband range of 3.7 THz–9.7 THz.
Electrolyte pH-dependent hydrogen binding energies and coverages on platinum, iridium, rhodium, and ruthenium surfaces
Authors: Zhu Shangqian , Shao Minhua
Published: March 2022

The weakened Hatop binding strength and increased Hatop coverage are universal phenomena on Pt, Ir, Rh, and Ru surfaces from acidic to alkaline media, which are important factors in the pH-dependent hydrogen reaction kinetics.
Covalency in AnCl2 (An = Th–No)
Authors: Cooper Sophie , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas
Published: March 2022

A range of DFT-based electron density topology and orbital based metrics is used to assess covalency in the actinide dichlorides, and extensive comparison is made with their trichloride analogues.
Construction of cluster-based supramolecular wire and rectangle
Authors: Tan Yi , Wang Zhi-Kang , Lang Fei-Fan , Yu Hui-Min , Cao Chen , Ni Chun-Yan , Wang Meng-Yi , Song Ying-Lin , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: March 2022

A set of W/Cu/S cluster-supported supramolecular wire and rectangle compounds were assembled and exhibited enhanced third-order nonlinear optical responses.
Ni-Directed biphase N-doped Mo2C as an efficient hydrogen evolution catalyst in both acidic and alkaline conditions
Authors: Du Cheng-Feng , Wang Yaxin , Zhao Xiangyuan , Wang Jinjin , Wang Xiaomei , Wang Weigang , Yu Hong
Published: March 2022

In this work, Ni is found to direct the formation of a biphase N-doped Mo2C composite. With a Ni,N-codoped biphase structure, the material delivers enhanced hydrogen evolution activity under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
Chemistry and biology of the aminosulfonate cysteinolic acid: discovery, distribution, synthesis and metabolism
Authors: Burchill Laura , Williams Spencer J.
Published: March 2022

This review provides an historical account of the poorly understood aminosulfonic acid d-cysteinolic acid. Its discovery, occurrence within marine organisms, routes for chemical synthesis, and speculation surrounding its metabolism are discussed.
Assembly of tetracyclic tetrahydrocarbazoles via a visible-light promoted cascade process
Authors: Mei Haibo , Yu Yingjie , Wang Chengting , Liu Aiyao , Han Jianlin
Published: March 2022

A photocatalytic cascade reaction of alkene tethered indoles and bromodifluoroacetate esters has been developed, which provides a novel access to tetracyclic tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives.
Copper(ii) complexes with terpene derivatives of ethylenediamine: synthesis, and antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity
Authors: Gur'eva Yana A. , Zalevskaya Olga A. , Shevchenko Oksana G. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Makarov Vadim A. , Kuchin Aleksandr V.
Published: March 2022

The synthesis of new chiral copper(ii) complexes with terpene derivatives of ethylenediamine and the results of studying their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity in vitro are discussed.
Molecularly imprinted polymersviareversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer synthesis in sensing and environmental applications
Authors: Veloz Martínez Irvin , Ek Jackeline Iturbe , Ahn Ethan C. , Sustaita Alan O.
Published: March 2022

Environmental contaminants constitute an ecological and health hazard, which requires green sensing. The RAFT-MIP approach for tailor-made selective receptors enhances themviabinding affinities for use in environmental contaminant sensors.
An open source computational workflow for the discovery of autocatalytic networks in abiotic reactions
Authors: Arya Aayush , Ray Jessica , Sharma Siddhant , Cruz Simbron Romulo , Lozano Alejandro , Smith Harrison B. , Andersen Jakob Lykke , Chen Huan , Meringer Markus , Cleaves Henderson James
Published: March 2022

We present an open-source chemoinformatic workflow to generate and analyze complex abiological chemical networks to discover novel compounds and autocatalytic processes. We demonstrate this pipeline's capabilities against a well-studied model system.
A “Trojan horse” strategy towards robust Co–N4 active sites accommodated in micropore defect-rich carbon nanosheets for boosting selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes
Authors: Zhao Qingshan , Ni Wanxin , Tan Xiaojie , Cao Fengliang , Liu Tengfei , Huang Hao , Cheng Zhinian , Li Yiwen , He Shuwei , Ning Hui , Wu Mingbo
Published: March 2022

Through a novel “Trojan horse” strategy, a reinforced single-atom Co catalyst with robust Co–N4 active sites accommodated in micropore defect-rich carbon nanosheets was rationally fabricated for boosting selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes.
Side-chain engineering improves molecular stacking and miscibility for efficient fullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Wu Yuanwei , Kang Xiao , Zhang Shuai , Liang Xin , Zhu Dangqiang , Yang Chunming , Qu Xiaofei , Wen Shuguang , Bao Xichang
Published: March 2022

Side-chain engineering has been acknowledged as an ingenious method to regulate material crystallinity, miscibility and microstructure to achieve favorable photovoltaic performance.
High electron mobility and tuneable glass transition temperature in fullerene-functionalized polynorbornenes
Authors: Erhardt Andreas , Hochgesang Adrian , Meichsner Florian , Thelakkat Mukundan
Published: March 2022

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization is employed to copolymerize a C60-functionalized norbornene monomer and its alkyl substituted analog, yielding a range of fullerene-grafted polynorbornene copolymers with varying fullerene-contents.
A Combined Spoken Language Intervention for a Minimally Verbal Child With Autism: A Clinical Case Study
Authors: Biller Maysoon F. , Johnson Cynthia J. , Blue Kennedy B.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of a combined intervention program, incorporating both communication and speech production strategies, on the spoken language of a minimally verbal child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method:

This in-depth, clinical case study focused on a 4-year-old boy who was diagnosed with ASD. The study examined the spoken production of preselected words by the participant, using a combined intervention approach, consisting of three communication strategies and three speech production strategies during structured play. The target words were chosen based on aspects of neurotypical word learning during the first 50-word phase of language development. The combined intervention approach consisted of three communication strategies and three speech production strategies delivered during structured play activities.

Results:

The participant demonstrated improved spontaneous and imitative production of the target words during treatment and maintained production of the target words 1 month after treatment ended. Additionally, the boy demonstrated production of seven out of the eight target words on the posttreatment MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI): Words and Gestures, as well as an increase in the number of spoken words on the CDI that were more than what would be expected for a neurotypical child in a comparable developmental period. The communication strategy used most often was modeling (which required the child to respond), and the speech production strategy used most often was verbal modeling (which did not require the child to respond).

Conclusions:

There appeared to be a quantitative and qualitative difference in production of the target words before and after treatment. Clinical implications for using communication and speech production strategies in combination for minimally verbal children with ASD are discussed.
EPR 2 : pour une « ingénierie de terrain »
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: March 2022

La qualité de l’ingénierie sera décisive dans la réussite du programme EPR 2. Quels retours d’expérience des chantiers de Flamanville 3 et d’Hinkley Point C ? Comment mettre en place la transition de la continuité numérique ? Quelle place pour les nouvelles générations d’ingénieurs ? Thierry Schall, présidentdirecteur général d’Edvance fait état des progrès réalisés.
Les Français, de plus en plus favorables au nucléaire
Authors: Fabre Pierre
Published: March 2022

Le lancement du grand programme EPR 2 pour le renouvellement du parc nucléaire va passer par une phase de consultation et d’enquête publique tandis que les Français apparaissent de plus en plus favorables à l’atome. Ces derniers sont en effet sensibles aux questions d’indépendance énergétique, de sécurité d’approvisionnement et de protection du climat.
„Belästigen Sie mich nicht!“ – Seelsorge und pflegerische Begleitung wohnungsloser Menschen am Flughafen Düsseldorf
Authors: Clevers Ute , Westerdick Johannes , Matzek Daniel , Weber Ronny
Published: March 2022

An Flughäfen begegnen sich tagtäglich die unterschiedlichsten Menschen – darunter auch wohnungslose Personen mit zum Teil schwerwiegenden psychischen und physischen Erkrankungen. Um sie zu unterstützen und zu begleiten, ist am Flughafen Düsseldorf ein multiprofessionelles Team im Einsatz. Mit niedrigschwelligen Angeboten ebnet es den Weg, damit Betroffene Hilfe annehmen und gesunden können.
Achtsamkeit: Begleitung von Patienten in acht Schritten
Authors: Bowie Muriel , Saenger Ulrich
Published: March 2022

Im Interventionskoffer erfahren Sie, wie Sie mit Recovery und Achtsamkeit Menschen auf ihrem Genesungsweg unterstützen können – und warum Selbstmitgefühl dabei essenziell ist.
Antidissoziative Technik: Pacing
Authors: Schüllermann-Epmann Thomas
Published: March 2022

Um Patienten aus dissoziativen Zuständen zu holen, gibt es unterschiedlichste Techniken – eine davon ist das sogenannte Pacing. Unser Autor schildert anhand seiner langjährigen Erfahrung als Pflegekraft, wie Patienten von dieser Intervention profitieren können.
LeiP#netz – Leipziger Psychiatrie Netzwerk
Authors: Schwedhelm Justus , Frank Magdalena , Conrad Ines , Seyde Thomas , Steinhart Ingmar , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Koschig Maria , Stengler Katarina
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund Das Funktionale Basismodell (Steinhart, Wienberg) ist die theoretische Basis des hier vorgestellten pilotartigen Modellprojekts für eine konsequent ambulant gedachte Konzeption psychiatrischer Versorgung.

Methodik Teilziele (a) Netzwerkbildung mit in der Studienregion verorteten Anbietern/Einrichtungen/Akteur*innen und (b) Evaluation der vorgehaltenen Angebote und Maßnahmen i. S. eines Versorgungsmappings wurden verfolgt. Ein projektspezifisches Erhebungsinstrument für die Befragung aller Versorgungsakteur*innen wurde entwickelt und eingesetzt.

Ergebnis Der Prozess der intensivierten Vernetzung der in der Studienregion adressierten Akteur*innen konnte mit LeiP#netz erfolgreich begonnen werden. Alle für die Versorgung schwer psychisch erkrankter Menschen notwendigen Angebote sind in der Studienregion vorhanden. Während Beratung und Prävention eher gut vorgehaltene Strukturen und Angebote darstellen, mangelt es an niedrigschwelligen Zugängen wie Krisenmanagement, krankenhausalternativen Rückzugsorten und multiprofessioneller komplexer Behandlung im häuslichen Milieu.
Adäquate Behandlung für Mutter und Kind
Authors: Matei Iona , Curio Noreen , Eiselt Stephanie
Published: March 2022

Wenn Mütter während der Schwangerschaft oder nach der Entbindung psychisch erkranken, kann das schwerwiegende Folgen für sie und ihr Kind haben. Um den Betroffenen zu helfen, gibt es in der Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Klinikums Magdeburg eine Mutter-Kind-Einheit. Das umfangreiche Therapiekonzept hilft den Patientinnen, ihre Erkrankung anzunehmen, Auslöser zu erkennen, die eigene Compliance zu erhöhen und eine positive Bindung zu ihrem Kind aufzubauen.
Das Phytotherapeutikum Cimicifuga racemosa
(Traubensilberkerze)
Authors: Klose Petra
Published: March 2022

Frauen mit Brustkrebs leben oft mit erheblichen Nebenwirkungen
einschließlich der Einleitung einer frühen Menopause, die
u. a. zu vasomotorischen Symptomen, Stimmungsschwankungen und
muskuloskelettalen Schmerzen führt. Präparate aus der
Traubensilberkerze (Cimicifuga racemosa) können hier eine
Therapieoption darstellen, da in zahlreichen Studien das geringe
Nebenwirkungspotenzial nachgewiesen werden konnte. Traubensilberkerze wirkt auch
nicht als Phytoöstrogen, was bei den meisten Brustkrebsarten
kontraindiziert wäre. Es gibt zudem Hinweise, dass die Einnahme von
Traubensilberkerze die Wirkung von Tamoxifen unterstützt. Studien zur
Linderung von Hitzewallungen bei menopausalen Frauen durch Traubensilberkerze
sind zwar nicht einheitlich, die Europäische Arzneimittelagentur EMA
kommt jedoch zu dem Schluss, dass die Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung für
die Einnahme von Traubensilberkerze spricht. Zur Behandlung von
Brustkrebspatientinnen gibt es wenige Studien, und nur eine Studie, die
über einen längeren Zeitraum dauerte, zeigte signifikante
Linderung im Vergleich zur Kontrolle. Doch auch für
Brustkrebspatientinnen spricht die Datenlage zur Sicherheit nicht gegen die
Einnahme, sodass die EMA die Begleitung durch den behandelnden Arzt
empfiehlt.
Ten-Year Outcome of Topography-Guided Transepithelial Surface Ablation for Refractive Myopia Treatment
Authors: Branger Giacomo Alessandro , Le Minh Tu , Inauen Lars Oliver , Reichmuth Valentina , Kaufmann Claude , Baenninger Philipp
Published: March 2022

Background To evaluate 10-year long-term refractive visual stability and participantsʼ satisfaction in the refractive treatment of myopic eyes undergoing topography-guided
transepithelial surface ablation using a 1KHz excimer laser.

Patients and Methods This single-center prospective survey assessed participantsʼ satisfaction 10 years after the treatment using a non-validated questionnaire with regards to visual
outcome, dry eye, and visual disturbance symptoms. Pre- and postoperative visual and refractive data were evaluated.

Results Of 106 participants (54% females) with a mean patient age of 36 (± 8.6) years, 166 eyes were included. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was − 4.23 (± 2.48)
diopters (D). Uncorrected distant visual acuity (UCVA) after 10 years was ≥ 1.0 (Snellen) in 92% of the eyes. Manifest SE was within ± 1.0 D of the desired refraction in 86% of the eyes
after 10 years. Mean quality of life (QOL) improvement was high (9.15 out of 10 points). Dry eye symptoms were reported by 35 out of 104 (34%) patients. Visual symptoms like halos or
starbursts were reported by 24 out of 101 (24%) and 12 out of 100 (12%) patients, respectively.

Conclusions Topography-guided transepithelial surface ablation for myopia provided stable long-term results in terms of UCVA and SE. Participant satisfaction was high, with only low
rates of dry eye or visual symptoms.
Efficacy of Diclofenac in Pain Reduction after Topography-Guided Transepithelial Surface Ablation
Authors: Jost Moritz , Pfaeffli Oliver , Kaufmann Claude , Reichmuth Valentina , Thiel Michael , Baenninger Philipp
Published: March 2022

Purpose To report the efficacy of postoperative diclofenac eye drops for pain reduction in patients undergoing topography-guided transepithelial surface ablation.

Methods Retrospective consecutive case series of patients undergoing topography-guided transepithelial surface ablation for refractive myopia treatment using a 1 KHz excimer laser.
Patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 did not receive any diclofenac drops, group 2 received one diclofenac drop postoperatively (day 1), and group 3 received one drop of
diclofenac postoperatively (day 1) and on the day after treatment (day 2). Postoperative pain was self-assessed by patients per eye daily for the first 4 consecutive days (days 1 to 4) after
the treatment using the visual analogue scale (VAS). We compared VAS with respect to the use of additional oral or topical treatment as well as VAS with regards to the total amount of
ablated tissue (< 50 µm, 50 – 100 µm, ≥ 100 µm) among the groups.

Results We enrolled 163 eyes of 163 patients (55.0% female), with a mean age of 31.3 years (SD ± 6.6; range 21 – 68). We excluded 16 patients who applied other additional analgesics.
Group 1 comprised 35 eyes (21%), group 2 had 21 eyes (13%), and group 3 consisted of 107 eyes (66%). Median pain score (VAS) was 5 (range 0, 10) in group 1, which was higher than in groups 2
(median 1, range 0 to 7) and 3 (median 1.5, range 0 to 7) on the day of surgery (p < 0.0001). Percentage of patients using an additional oral NSAID on days 1 and 2 was significantly
higher in group 1 (69/83%) when compared to groups 2 (24/43%) or 3 (31/49%) (p < 0.001 day 1, p = 0.001 day 2). No correlation was found between pain sensation and maximum ablation depth
(Spearman correlation p > 0.05).

Conclusion The instillation of one drop of diclofenac after topography-guided transepithelial surface ablation reduced subjective pain sensation according to VAS and decreased the
need for additional topical anesthetic drops or oral NSAID.
Öffentlich-rechtliche Unterbringung und Fahreignung –
Eine orientierende Untersuchung von verkehrsmedizinischer Relevanz für
den Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst und andere Akteure
Authors: Koch Johannes , Weigl Lorenz , Stich Heribert
Published: March 2022

Ziel der Studie Zielsetzung dieser Analyse war die Erfassung
sozialepidemiologischer Merkmale einer spezifischen Probandenpopulation nebst
der Identifizierung von Abhängigkeiten zwischen vormaligen
öffentlich-rechtlichen Unterbringungen und nachfolgenden Beurteilungen
der individuellen Fahreignung durch den ÖGD.

Methodik Für die retrospektive Datenanalyse wurden Dokumente von
87 Personen ausgewertet, die in den Jahren 2015 bis 2019 in psychiatrischen
Facheinrichtungen öffentlich-rechtlich untergebracht wurden. Unter
Verwendung des Software Pakets SAS wurden Häufigkeitsverteilungen und
mittels Chi-Quadrat-Test statistische Abhängigkeiten zwischen
spezifischen Merkmalen der Unterbringung und der Beurteilung der Fahreignung
identifiziert.

Ergebnisse Innerhalb der Studienkohorte lag das Durchschnittsalter bei
43,5 Jahren (Spannbreite von 16 bis 82 Jahren), wobei 59%
männlichen Geschlechtes (versus 41% weiblich) waren.
Häufigster Unterbringungsanlass waren Suizidankündigungen durch
die Betroffenen. In einem Drittel der Fälle waren diese Personen zum
Zeitpunkt der Unterbringung alkoholisiert und in 3 von 87 Fällen war ein
Drogenkonsum dokumentiert. Bei 74% erfolgte die Unterbringung
ausschließlich aufgrund einer Eigengefährdung, bei 26%
wurde (zusätzlich) eine Fremdgefährdung festgestellt und bei
20% der Betroffenen kam es zu einem verbalen und/oder
körperlichen Widerstand gegen die Vollstreckung der Unterbringung. Die
verkehrsmedizinische Begutachtung erbrachte bei 57% der Fälle
Zweifel an der Fahreignung, sodass dieser Sachverhalt an die
Fahrerlaubnisbehörde weitergeleitet wurde. Statistisch signifikante
Abhängigkeiten zeigten sich zwischen dem Unterbringungsanlass, der
Gefährdungsart und einem Widerstand gegen die
Unterbringungsvollstreckung zum Ergebnis der Fahreignungsbeurteilung durch den
ÖGD.

Schlussfolgerung Die Datengrundlagen über
öffentlich-rechtlich untergebrachte Personen in Verbindung mit
verkehrsmedizinischen Fragestellungen sollten qualitativ optimiert werden, wozu
das auf der Grundlage des Bayerischen Psychisch-Kranken-Hilfe-Gesetz
(BayPsychKHG) eingeführte anonyme Melderegister einen Beitrag leisten
kann. Ergänzend sind weitergehende Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen
aller involvierten Akteure im Sinne eines effektiven
Qualitätsmanagements notwendig.
Two-Year Outcome of Surgery in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Hüppi Roger , Wagels Barbara , Todorova Margarita
Published: March 2022

Purpose To evaluate the 2-year surgical treatment outcome in glaucoma patients.

Methods A retrospective, single-center, interventional study was performed on 160 eyes of 125 patients suffering glaucoma, including POAG (82 eyes), pseudoexfoliation (PEX)
(59 eyes), pigment dispersion (8 eyes), and secondary glaucoma (2 eyes). Eyes with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) or signs of glaucoma progression despite medical treatment were
included to undergo either trabeculectomy (TE), XEN implantation, combined TE with phacoemulsification (TE + IOL), or XEN implantation with phacoemulsification surgery (XEN + IOL). Primary
efficacy outcome was the mean IOP reduction. Secondary outcome was the mean reduction in the number of medications. The data were compared at baseline vs.1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, 12, and
24 months following surgery. For statistical evaluation, ANOVA-based linear mixed-effects models were performed with SPSS.

Results The mean IOP reduction in a 2-year follow-up was 30.31% (22.17 vs. 15.45 mmHg, p < 0.001). The mean number of antiglaucoma medications was reduced from 2.87 to 0.58
(p = 0.001), where TE alone or combined surgeries seemed to be more effective than isolated XEN surgery. Transient IOP hypotony on the first postoperative day occurred in PEX patients
following TE surgery (p = 0.024). At 6 months, PEX patients with isolated XEN surgery showed a transient IOP increase, whereas those after combined TE + IOL surgery showed the lowest IOP
within the PEX group compared to other glaucoma patients (p < 0.026).

Conclusions After 2 years, all performed glaucoma surgeries achieved a significant reduction in IOP and the number of antiglaucoma medications.
Diagnostik der Alzheimer-Demenz bei Menschen mit einem Down-Syndrom
nach ICD, DSM-V und A/T/N-Klassifikation
Authors: Nübling Georg , Wagemann Olivia , Loosli Sandra V. , Wlasich Elisabeth , Danek Adrian , Levin Johannes
Published: March 2022

Viele Menschen mit einem Down-Syndrom (DS) haben aufgrund der Lokalisation des
Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)-Gens auf Chromosom 21 eine Triplikation des
APP-Gens und daher ein sehr hohes Risiko, an einer DS-assoziierten
Alzheimer-Demenz (DS-AD) zu erkranken. Die Diagnosestellung der DS-AD stellt
eine besondere Herausforderung dar, zum einen aufgrund vielfältiger
Manifestationsformen von Gedächtnisstörungen bis hin zu
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten wie Rückzug und Aggression, zum
anderen aufgrund zahlreicher Differentialdiagnosen. Zur systematischen Erfassung
stehen aktuell die Diagnosesysteme ICD-10, DSM-V sowie das bei Menschen mit
einer intellektuellen Beeinträchtigung noch wenig etablierte
A(Amyloid)/T(Tau)/N(Neurodegeneration) System zur
Verfügung. In diesem Diskussionsbeitrag sollen verschiedene Aspekte der
Diagnostik unter spezieller Berücksichtigung der etablierten
Klassifikationssysteme einschließlich eines Ausblicks auf ICD-11
diskutiert und ein Algorithmus zur standardisierten Diagnosefindung
vorgeschlagen werden.
A New Intranasal Influenza Vector-Based Vaccine TB/FLU-04L
Against Tuberculosis: Preclinical Safety Studies
Authors: Buzitskaya Zhanna , Stosman Kira , Khairullin Berik , Kassenov Marhabat , Nurpeisova Ainur , Abylai Sansyzbay A. , Shurygina Anna-Polina , Aleksandrov Andrey , Sivak Konstantin , Stukova Marina
Published: March 2022

A recombinant vector vaccine TB/FLU-04L for the prevention of
tuberculosis was developed in RIBSP CS MES RK and SRII. The vaccine is based on
the attenuated influenza strain Flu NS106/ESAT-6_Ag85A
expressing mycobacterial antigens Esat-6 and Ag85A. This research aimed to
conduct pre-clinical safety studies of the vaccine as one of the basic and
mandatory stages in the development and introduction of immunobiological
preparations. The studies were performed at the research centers of the Republic
of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation.

The experiment was conducted on ferrets, monkeys, and rabbits. The
TB/FLU-04L vaccine was administered intranasally (7.5 lg
TCID50/animal). The clinical signs, body weight,
temperature, hematological parameters, and local irritant effects were monitored
throughout the study. The results of the study demonstrated the safety of the
TB/FLU-04L intranasal vector vaccine against tuberculosis since its
administration in laboratory animals led to no adverse effects in any of the
monitored parameters. No influenza A virus particles were isolated from samples
of nasal washes.
Retinoblastoma Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Luzon, The Philippines: A 15-Year Experience
Authors: Tan Roland Joseph D. , Ballesteros Kathleen Faye B.
Published: March 2022

Objective To describe the demographics, clinical profile, and outcomes of retinoblastoma patients seen in a tertiary hospital in northern Luzon.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of retinoblastoma patients at the departments of ophthalmology and pediatrics of a tertiary hospital in northern Luzon from 2005 to 2020.

Results A total of 47 patients involving 53 eyes were included. Twenty nine (62%) are male and forty one (87%) had unilateral retinoblastoma. Mean age at consult was 24 ± 17 months, and mean interval from onset of symptoms to consult was 10 ± 11 months. Two (4%) had family history of retinoblastoma. Twenty-two (47%) patients had intraocular involvement. Leukocoria was the most common presenting symptoms at 62%. Overall survival was 53% with mean follow-up period of 24 ± 24 months. Difference in survival rates based on the extent of involvement was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion This is the first study that provided data on demographics, clinical profile, and outcomes of retinoblastoma patients in northern Luzon and the only study with data on clinical outcomes of retinoblastoma patients in The Philippines. Extraocular involvement is a significant factor in the low survival of retinoblastoma patients despite improvement in its management.
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Metastasis in Gallbladder Cancer: As Bad as Distant Metastasis
Authors: Ghosh Nalini Kanta , Rahul Rahul , Singh Ashish , Sharma Supriya , Kumar Ashok , Singh Rajneesh Kumar , Behari Anu , Kumar Ashok , Kapoor Vinay Kumar , Saxena Rajan
Published: March 2022

Background Regarding gallbladder cancer (GBC) there is conflicting evidence in the literature whether retroperitoneal lymph nodal metastases (RLNM) should be considered as regional nodal metastasis or as distant metastasis (DM) and the jury is out on radical curative surgery in presence of RLNM. This is an analysis of GBC patients, to see the effect of RLNM on survival and to compare with that of patients with DMs.

Methods A retrospective analysis of a prospective database of patients of GBC with RLNM (interaortocaval and paraaortic) or DM on frozen section biopsy at surgery, between January 2013 and December 2018. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (version 22.0). Survival in these two groups (RLNM and DM) was compared with log-rank test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results A total of 235 patients with ostensibly resectable GBC underwent surgical exploration. The planned curative resection was abandoned in 91 (39%) patients because of RLNM (n = 20, 9%) or DM (n = 71, 30%) on frozen section biopsy. Demographic profile and blood parameters were similar. The median survival for RLNM and DM groups were 5 (range 2–26) and 6 (range 2–24) months, respectively, with no significant difference on log-rank test (p = 0.64). There was no 3-year or longer survivor in either group.

Conclusion Due to similar poor survival in presence of RLNM or DM, RLNM should be considered as the equivalent of DM. This study strengthens evidence to avoid curative surgery in patients with RLNM. These lymph nodes should be sampled preoperatively, if suspicious on imaging, for fine-needle aspiration cytology and at surgery, as a routine for frozen section histological examination before initiating curative resection to avert a futile exercise.
A Case of Severe Aeromonas Bacteremia with Necrotizing Fasciitis of Lower Limb and Fournier's Gangrene in a Post-Allogenic Unrelated Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipient
Authors: Das Bikram , Ghafur Abdul , S. Jeyasankar , Easow Jose M.
Published: March 2022

Background Aeromonas is a water-dwelling Gram-negative bacillus primarily associated with gastrointestinal tract diseases. Aeromonas sobria causing gastroenteritis has been reported in India. In immunocompromised host, Aeromonas sobria can also present with severe necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection with a high mortality rate. We report a case of Aeromonas sobria sepsis with skin and soft tissue infection in the background of immunosuppression.

Case Presentation Fifty-year-old male who underwent an unrelated donor peripheral stem cell transplant for relapsed pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in complete clinical remission on graft versus host disease prophylaxis, post-white blood cell engraftment presented with acute onset lethargy, lower limb pain without fever, or any skin changes initially. He rapidly worsened clinically over few days and developed sepsis, multiorgan dysfunction with the appearance of erythema and blister over the lower limb, and Fournier's gangrene of scrotum. He was found to have Aeromonas sobria bacteremia with isolated resistance to carbapenems while sensitive to all other classes of antibiotics. Despite appropriate antibiotic therapy and supportive measures, he succumbed to death for this invasive bacterial disease.

Conclusion Aeromonas should be considered a cause of sepsis in immunosuppressed hosts, especially those with hematological malignancy presenting with necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection. Considering the virulence of this pathogen, despite the very susceptible antibiogram, such patients must be managed aggressively. Early recognition of the disease with a combination of medical and surgical management might help to improve the outcome.
Profile and Clinical Outcome of Children with Wilms' Tumor treated at a Tertiary Care Centre, India
Authors: Singh Pritanjali , Singh Dharmendra , Kumar Bindey , Kumar Prem , Bhadani Punam Prasad
Published: March 2022

Background Wilms' tumor (WT) is the most common kidney tumor of the pediatric age group. The outcome of WT has improved due to the evolution of the treatment approach. A prospective observational study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, to analyze the clinical profile along with the response and outcome to neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) protocol.

Materials and Methods In total, 28 patients of WT visited the radiotherapy department from January 2015 to December 2019.

Results Gender distribution showed male preponderance with a median age at diagnosis was 31 months. The abdominal lump was the dominant clinical presentation. The median volume of tumor at diagnosis was 359.48 mL (52.67–1805.76). Radiological staging workup shows that stage I, II, III, IV, and V were 7.1%, 39.3%, 39.3%, 10.7%, and 3.6% respectively. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) was received by all patients. Also, 71.4% of patients showed > 50% of tumor volume reduction, while 28.6% of patients showed < 50% of tumor mass reduction. There was a statistically significant decrease in the tumor volume reduction following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant stage down (p = 0.018) of the disease. Bivariate correlation studies showed recurrence was correlating statistically significantly with age < 24 months (p = 0.049), locoregional lymph nodes (p = 0.008), histopathological subtypes (p < 0.001), stage of the disease (p = 0.003), and risk groups (p < 0.001). In addition, 25% of patients developed recurrence during the median follow-up of 25 months. The median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were not reached. The mean DFS and OS were 48 and 59.13 months, respectively. One- and 3-year DFS were 100% and 64.1%, respectively. One- and 3-year OS were 100% and 75% respectively.

Conclusion Our study suggests that most of the patients presented at an advanced stage, thus rendering most of the cases difficult to undergo surgery at presentation. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery may be considered a well-balanced approach with a comparable response and survival outcomes.
Exploring the determinants of global vaccination campaigns to combat COVID-19
Authors: Yin Fulian , Ji Meiqi , Yang Zhongliang , Wu Zhaoliang , Xia Xinyu , Xing Tongtong , She Yuwei , Hu Zhiwen
Published: March 2022

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, global vaccine campaigns are a mass vaccination intervention conducted through routine service provision for individuals who have reached a specified age. However, obtaining a high uptake rate to reach herd immunity may be undermined by various social motivations. To scrutinize the practical and dynamic strategies for a successful vaccination campaign, we map out the determinants that exacerbate vaccine hesitancy by leveraging the capacity of rich metadata from Twitter. Here, we uncover the collective propensities underlying dynamic social motivations and the uneven distribution of vaccines across the globe. Our findings suggest that profiling the status quo of public perceptions and engaging in introspection about vaccine-promoting policies in due course are integral components of preparedness against the ongoing pandemic. Simultaneously, we propose several recommendations to remind governments of the importance of building confidence in vaccination in a targeted way, and we assert that national barriers should be abandoned and that international responsibility should be assumed.
Co-producing the science–policy interface: towards common but differentiated responsibilities
Authors: Maas Timo Y. , Pauwelussen Annet , Turnhout Esther
Published: March 2022

Formulating adequate responses to pressing socio-ecological challenges requires effective and legitimate knowledge production and use. The academic debate has gradually shifted from a linear model of science–policy relations towards co-productive alternatives. Yet, in practice, the linear model remains lingering. This paper uses a case study of a collaboration between a Dutch research institute and a ministerial department to examine how and why this linear model is so persistent. Our analysis shows the dominance of the linear model in this collaboration, while openings for a more co-productive relationship remain largely unexplored. Our findings illustrate that an important reason for this persistence of the linear model is the lack of a convincing and attractive alternative imaginary of science–policy practices, which defines clear roles and competencies for researchers as well as policy actors involved. We argue this is symptomatic of a wider tendency among both researchers and policy actors to construct science as an obligatory passage point towards policy. However, this tendency not only enables policy actors to offload their responsibility but also fails to capitalise on the opportunities offered by these practices to explicate the politics embedded in and foregrounded by knowledge production. Such an engagement with the politics of knowledge by experts as well as policymakers can encourage more effective and legitimate knowledge production and use.