bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Espérance de vie : les deux Allemagne ont-elles convergé depuis la réunification ?
Authors: Pechholdová Markéta , Grigoriev Pavel , Meslé France , Vallin Jacques
Published: November 2019

Après avoir divergé au temps de la division, les espérances de vie est- et ouest-allemandes ont convergé depuis la réunification. Même si le rattrapage n’est pas tout à fait complet pour les hommes, amélioration du système de santé et changements de comportements individuels ont permis à l’Allemagne de l’est de combler l’essentiel de son retard.
Les immigrés en Australie : une population croissante et de plus en plus diverse
Authors: Wilson Tom , Raymer James
Published: November 2019

En Australie, le nombre d’immigrés et leur proportion dans l’ensemble de la population ont augmenté de façon notable entre 1981 et 2011. Alors qu’en début de période ils étaient majoritairement nés en Europe, leurs origines se sont diversifiées en faveur des autres régions du monde. La population immigrée a aussi vieilli, et elle se modifie sous l’effet non seulement des flux d’entrées mais aussi des flux de sorties. Certains immigrés retournent dans leur pays d’origine ou partent ailleurs. Depuis les années 1990, les immigrés temporaires (étudiants, détenteurs de visa d’affaires, vacanciers-travailleurs) représentent une part croissante de l’ensemble des immigrés.
Pourquoi la fécondité augmente-t-elle à nouveau en Égypte ?
Authors: Goujon Anne , Al Zalak Zakarya
Published: November 2019

En Égypte, la fécondité, après avoir lentement diminué jusqu’à 3 enfants par femme en moyenne au milieu des années 2000, a réaugmenté récemment jusqu’à 3,5 enfants. Les femmes se marient plus tôt et plus souvent. Elles deviennent aussi mères plus jeunes. Selon certains, la cause en serait une remontée de la religiosité. Une explication plus convaincante est que les Égyptiennes rencontrent des difficultés pour trouver un emploi, notamment les plus instruites. Face à un manque d’opportunités et à des conditions difficiles d’accès à l’emploi, elles ont probablement décidé de se marier et d’être mères plus tôt que les générations précédentes, mais sans souhaiter avoir plus d’enfants au total. Si tel est le cas, on devrait observer une baisse des naissances lorsqu’elles auront atteint le nombre souhaité.
Sida et écarts d’espérance de vie entre hommes et femmes en Afrique
Authors: Masquelier Bruno , Reniers Georges
Published: November 2019

Les femmes représentent 59 % des personnes infectées par le virus du sida en Afrique subsaharienne, mais 47 % des décès adultes liés au VIH. Pour bien comprendre leur surreprésentation dans la population séropositive, il faut considérer les différences entre hommes et femmes dans trois domaines : l’exposition au risque d’infection, la susceptibilité à l’infection, et la survie après l’infection. L’avantage féminin en matière d’espérance de vie, qui s’était réduit jusqu’au début des années 2000 suite à l’épidémie de sida, se creuse à nouveau depuis la généralisation des traitements.
L’Europe et le spectre des migrations subsahariennes
Authors: Héran François
Published: November 2019

L’Europe doit-elle se préparer à une « ruée » prochaine de migrants subsahariens ? Cette prophétie repose sur un modèle de vases communicants qui méconnaît trois données de base : 1/ comparée aux autres régions, l’Afrique subsaharienne émigre peu, en raison même de sa pauvreté ; 2/ lorsqu’elle émigre, c’est à 70 % dans un autre pays subsaharien ; 3/ si l’on intègre les projections démographiques de l’ONU, les migrants subsahariens occuperont une place grandissante dans les sociétés du Nord mais resteront très minoritaires : environ 4 % de la population vers 2050 – très loin des 25 % annoncés par certains.
Le nombre et la part des immigrés dans la population : comparaisons internationales
Authors: Pison Gilles
Published: November 2019

Les États-Unis sont le pays du monde ayant sur son sol le plus grand nombre d’immigrés (personnes nées à l’étranger) : 48 millions. C’est près de cinq fois plus que l’Arabie saoudite (11 millions) et six fois plus que le Canada (7,6 millions). Mais proportionnellement à leur taille, ces deux derniers pays ont nettement plus d’immigrés : 34 % et 21 %, contre 15 % aux États-Unis.
Quels prénoms les immigrés donnent-ils à leurs enfants en France ?
Authors: Coulmont Baptiste , Simon Patrick
Published: November 2019

La convergence entre population majoritaire et descendants d’immigrés ne se fait pas autour de prénoms typiquement « français », mais de prénoms internationaux auxquels tous et toutes peuvent s’identifier. Pour les enfants ou petits-enfants d’immigrés d’origine maghrébine, des prénoms arabo-musulmans continuent en partie à être donnés ainsi que de nouveaux prénoms (Yanis, Rayane ou Lina) perçus comme d’origine maghrébine par la population majoritaire.
Diminution de la population dans les pays anciennement communistes de l’Union européenne
Authors: Fihel Agnieszka , Okólski Marek
Published: November 2019

L’Union européenne compte onze pays anciennement communistes (Bulgarie, Croatie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lettonie, Lituanie, Pologne, République tchèque, Roumanie, Slovaquie et Slovénie). La population de cet ensemble de pays a baissé de 7 % depuis 1989, alors que celle du reste de l’UE a augmenté de 13 %. Ils étaient démographiquement plus jeunes que le reste de l’Union avant la chute du Mur en 1989, mais leurs populations sont maintenant devenues plus âgées. Ces évolutions tiennent à un faible niveau de fécondité et à une émigration importante des jeunes.
La France a la plus forte fécondité d’Europe. Est-ce dû aux immigrées ?
Authors: Volant Sabrina , Pison Gilles , Héran François
Published: November 2019

Les immigrées contribuent aux naissances en France dans une proportion de 19 %. L’indicateur conjoncturel de fécondité des immigrées est plus élevé que celui des natives (2,6 enfants contre 1,8 en 2017), mais comme ce surcroît ne concerne qu’une minorité au sein de la population, il relève seulement de 0,1 enfant le taux de fécondité national, qui passe ainsi de 1,8 à 1,9 enfant par femme en 2017. Immigration ou pas, la fécondité de la France reste l’une des plus élevées d’Europe.
Face à l’évolution des publics et pour répondre à l’objectif de déségrégation : les pratiques des ESAT de transition
Authors: Jaffrès Fanny
Published: November 2019

Depuis les années 1970, le champ du handicap a fait l’objet de réflexions actives : le modèle social a pris de plus en plus d’importance face au modèle médical et l’objectif est aujourd’hui d’intégrer les personnes handicapées en milieu ordinaire. En matière d’emploi, il est attendu que tous puissent trouver une place en milieu ordinaire. Pourtant, le milieu ordinaire semble fermé. L’intégration des personnes les plus handicapées se fait plutôt en institutions spécialisées. Les ESAT de transition se sont alors créés pour tisser des liens entre le milieu médico-social et le monde du travail. Basé sur une enquête sociologique de terrain, cet article vise à interroger la place des ESAT de transition dans la politique française du handicap.
Différent et Compétent Réseau
Authors: Grison Magdeleine , Bertineaud Véronique
Published: November 2019

Le dispositif Différent et Compétent œuvre et milite à faire reconnaitre les compétences des personnes en situation de fragilité, à partir des acquis de leur expérience professionnelle, notamment en ESAT. Fort de 16 ans d’expérience, ce réseau interrégional a permis à près de 20 000 candidats de faire reconnaître leurs compétences et d’obtenir une attestation descriptive de leurs acquis professionnels. En développement constant, il s’est rapidement ouvert vers d’autres catégories de publics pour lesquels les enjeux de la reconnaissance sont primordiaux pour relever la tête : jeunes gens d’IME, salariés en insertion, … Puisque le parti pris est d’évaluer ce que « la personne réussit dans ce qu’elle ne maîtrise pas (encore) complètement, il n’y a pas d’échec mais surtout des mises en perspectives pour progresser ! Pari gagné pour toutes les personnes qui se voient reconnues dans leur métier, qui peuvent relever la tête, reprendre leur vie en main en devenant auteur de leur parcours. En perspective, il s’agira de convaincre les politiques de rendre accessible la démarche à tous les sans-diplôme de France, qui ont pourtant appris de leur expérience professionnelle sans néanmoins pouvoir répondre aux exigences d’une qualification. Comment ? En acceptant une nouvelle forme d’évaluation qui ne laisse personne sur le bord du chemin. On pourra alors parler d’accès à la qualification par un système d’évaluation positive, voire inclusive ! C’est bien ce type de dispositif qui contribuera à donner un autre statut à la personne et à la considérer avant tout comme une personne avec sa potentialité, ses compétences, son savoir-faire et son savoir-être.
L’ESAT promotionnel du Pommeret : par et vers l’emploi
Authors: Breillot Gérard , Natail Danièle
Published: November 2019

L’Etablissement ou Service d’Aide par le Travail (ESAT) promotionnel du Pommeret correspond à ce que la circulaire du 2 mai 2017 appelle ESAT de transition. Peu d’exemples existent actuellement en France. Cette expérience, mise en œuvre depuis 1983, invite à réfléchir sur les fondamentaux pour développer ces dispositifs d’ESAT de transition, par et vers l’emploi. Ils sont complémentaires d’autres dispositifs tels que l’emploi accompagné, les ESAT « hors les murs », ou le dispositif « Différent et Compétent ». Autant d’éléments qui plaident pour le décloisonnement des secteurs sanitaire, social et médico-social, mais aussi de l’insertion, et du milieu dit « ordinaire ».
La franchise au service de l’inclusion
Authors: Bouchard-le Grevellec Pierrette
Published: November 2019

La franchise sociale Messidor a pour but d’accélérer la réponse aux besoins de solution de travail comme facteur de rétablissement pour les personnes handicapées psychiques. Elle soutient une démarche humaniste, encadrée par un contrat qui engage les deux parties et prévoit un tutorat solide des équipes. La fondation Delta Plus, première structure franchisée, qui oriente son projet stratégique vers l’inclusion et l’émancipation des personnes, a adopté le modèle Messidor pour son expertise, sa vision de la personne, le tutorat des équipes et le concret de la boîte à outils fournie. Deux personnes accompagnées par l’ESAT de transition franchisé témoignent. Transparaissent les effets positifs de l’accompagnement - identité sociale de salarié, meilleure image de soi, confiance en soi. Dotée d’un objectif de couvrir la France, Messidor apprend le métier de franchiseur et sa posture singulière, dans une relation de conseil et de recommandation auprès des franchisés. Le modèle est reconnu à l’échelle nationale par trois ministères, et a reçu le label « French impact » au titre des pionniers de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Puissent ces leviers puissants permettre aux gestionnaires d’ESAT, soutenus par les ARS, de s’appuyer sur l’expertise du modèle pour démultiplier l’impact social auprès des bénéficiaires.
Le bien-être au travail comme déterminant de l’orientation client : test d’un modèle exploratoire
Authors: Bensemmane Sonia , Briançon Adeline , Ohana Marc , Bompar Laurent
Published: November 2019

Cet article propose une étude empirique de la relation entre le bien-être au travail et l’orientation client. En se basant sur la littérature de l’échange social, nous proposons que le lien positif entre bien-être et orientation client est médié par la satisfaction au travail et l’implication affective envers l’organisation. Deux études quantitatives ont été menées sur deux échantillons de commerciaux (n=161 et n=91) pour tester ces relations. Les résultats de ces deux études confirment la relation en série entre le bien-être, la satisfaction au travail, l’implication affective et l’orientation client. Les implications conceptuelles et managériales de ces résultats sont développées.
L’articulation entre stratégie et ressources humaines en PME-PMI : de l’alignement à la convergence de vision. L’exemple de « PANIBOIS »
Authors: Phanuel Dominique
Published: November 2019

La question de l’articulation entre la stratégie et la gestion des ressources humaines, notamment en PME, est essentiellement abordée en termes d’alignement. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’aborder les liens entre stratégie et GRH en PME sous le prisme subjectiviste de la vision, stratégique et RH, du dirigeant de PME. L’objectif central de cet article, à visée exploratoire, est d’identifier et de comprendre l’articulation entre stratégie et gestion des ressources humaines en PME. A cette fin, nous mobiliserons la définition et la méthodologie proposées par Phanuel (2008, 2011). Nous exploiterons deux entretiens menés auprès du dirigeant d’une PME (PANIBOIS).
L’influence des comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle sur la performance adaptative des salariés
Authors: Khachlouf Nada , Soparnot Richard , Renard Laurent
Published: November 2019

L’objet de cette recherche est d’explorer l’influence de la citoyenneté organisationnelle, en particulier l’entraide, l’esprit d’équipe et les vertus civiques, sur la performance adaptative des salariés. Pour ce faire, une étude quantitative a été menée auprès d’un échantillon de 149 employés d’une grande entreprise. Elle révèle que la performance adaptative est influencée par l’entraide et l’esprit d’équipe dans une large mesure et par les vertus civiques dans une moindre mesure.
Pioneer Female Orthopedic Surgeons as Role Models
Authors: Savvidou Olga D. , Zampeli Frantzeska , Antoniadou Thekla , Van Beeck Annelies , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J.
Published: November 2019

Maud Forrester-Brown in the United Kingdom (1921), Marika Daniilidou in Greece (1932), Ruth Jackson in the United States (1932), Loris Figgins in Australia (1957), and Evalina Burger in South Africa (1993) all chose to specialize in orthopedics. Although there are dynamic female leaders in orthopedic surgery, the field continues to present obstacles to women. Role models, mentors, and exposure to the field have been lacking for women. Although improvements have occurred in the past few decades, further changes are necessary to attract, develop, and retain qualified female candidates. [
Orthopedics
. 2020; 43(1):e8–e14.]
Conflict Management and Resolution in Context of Educational Institutes
Authors: Agnihotri Madhu Agarwal , Bhattacharjee Arup Kumar , Mukherjee Soumen
Published: November 2019

Conflict has been an integral part of collaborative ventures. Educational institutes comprise multiple integrated key activities such as teaching, learning, student management, examination, result declaration along with several administrative tasks. It has also been observed that generally stakeholders do not have formal training to deal with such issues and sometimes lack of knowledge and skills to address the disagreements efficiently adversely affects the overall productivity. Conflicts can occur in various forms starting from verbal dialogue and escalated up to physical confrontations resulting in spoiled relationships. An institutional framework should be designed and must be made transparent, so that all stakeholders understand their roles and responsibilities at the institutions. The obligation and constraint defined clearly can act as an essential tool in de-escalation of conflict. This chapter aims at understanding the modes of conflict, reasons behind conflict, and then designing a framework for conflict management in educational institutes.
Mitigation of Conflicts in Academic Institutions
Authors: Kalathil Raveendranathan Chellappan
Published: November 2019

Conflicts arise in academic institutions due to many reasons, which are counterproductive and have to be resolved. Conflicts arise due to lack of communication, missing authority, and not properly assigning responsibilities. Hence, the tools and techniques to resolve conflicts are evident. Conflict resolution is a daunting task. One of the important reasons for conflicts is the lack of proper communication between the members in the hierarchy, which has to be addressed. Conflict management can be done effectively by enhancing communication between all stakeholders and by training all those who are involved. Mitigation and resolving conflicts should always be the major focus activities. In academia, conflicts often take place between the faculty, students, and the administration. Differences in goals, misinterpretation of institutional rules, breaches of contracts, power struggles, and personal antagonisms are all possible sources of conflict. In this chapter, the authors examine how conflicts can arise in academic institutions and how they can be effectively managed and resolved.
Structural and Functional Basis for LILRB Immune Checkpoint Receptor Recognition of HLA-G Isoforms
Authors: Kuroki Kimiko , Matsubara Haruki , Kanda Ryo , Miyashita Naoyuki , Shiroishi Mitsunori , Fukunaga Yuko , Kamishikiryo Jun , Fukunaga Atsushi , Fukuhara Hideo , Hirose Kaoru , Hunt Joan S. , Sugita Yuji , Kita Shunsuke , Ose Toyoyuki , Maenaka Katsumi
Published: November 2019

Human leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILR) LILRB1 and LILRB2 are immune checkpoint receptors that regulate a wide range of physiological responses by binding to diverse ligands, including HLA-G. HLA-G is exclusively expressed in the placenta, some immunoregulatory cells, and tumors and has several unique isoforms. However, the recognition of HLA-G isoforms by LILRs is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized LILR binding to the β2-microglobulin (β2m)-free HLA-G1 isoform, which is synthesized by placental trophoblast cells and tends to dimerize and multimerize. The multimerized β2m-free HLA-G1 dimer lacked detectable affinity for LILRB1, but bound strongly to LILRB2. We also determined the crystal structure of the LILRB1 and HLA-G1 complex, which adopted the typical structure of a classical HLA class I complex. LILRB1 exhibits flexible binding modes with the α3 domain, but maintains tight contacts with β2m, thus accounting for β2m-dependent binding. Notably, both LILRB1 and B2 are oriented at suitable angles to permit efficient signaling upon complex formation with HLA-G1 dimers. These structural and functional features of ligand recognition by LILRs provide novel insights into their important roles in the biological regulations.
A TCR β-Chain Motif Biases toward Recognition of Human CD1 Proteins
Authors: Reinink Peter , Shahine Adam , Gras Stephanie , Cheng Tan-Yun , Farquhar Rachel , Lopez Kattya , Suliman Sara A. , Reijneveld Josephine F. , Le Nours Jérôme , Tan Li Lynn , León Segundo R. , Jimenez Judith , Calderon Roger , Lecca Leonid , Murray Megan B. , Rossjohn Jamie , Moody D. Branch , Van Rhijn Ildiko
Published: November 2019

High-throughput TCR sequencing allows interrogation of the human TCR repertoire, potentially connecting TCR sequences to antigenic targets. Unlike the highly polymorphic MHC proteins, monomorphic Ag-presenting molecules such as MR1, CD1d, and CD1b present Ags to T cells with species-wide TCR motifs. CD1b tetramer studies and a survey of the 27 published CD1b-restricted TCRs demonstrated a TCR motif in humans defined by the TCR β-chain variable gene 4-1 (TRBV4-1) region. Unexpectedly, TRBV4-1 was involved in recognition of CD1b regardless of the chemical class of the carried lipid. Crystal structures of two CD1b-specific TRBV4-1+ TCRs show that germline-encoded residues in CDR1 and CDR3 regions of TRBV4-1–encoded sequences interact with each other and consolidate the surface of the TCR. Mutational studies identified a key positively charged residue in TRBV4-1 and a key negatively charged residue in CD1b that is shared with CD1c, which is also recognized by TRBV4-1 TCRs. These data show that one TCR V region can mediate a mechanism of recognition of two related monomorphic Ag-presenting molecules that does not rely on a defined lipid Ag.
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children: Clinical characteristics and long-term follow-up
Authors: Tamam Muge , Uyanik Ercan , Edís Nurcan , Mulazimoglu Mehmet , Ozpacaci Tevfik
Published: November 2019

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is rare in children, but it still remains the most common endocrine malignancy in children. The aim of this study was to analyze treatment response to radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, clinical outcomes, recurrences, survival analysis, and long-term follow-up. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 43 pediatric patients (≤17 years of age) with DTC diagnosis after thyroidectomy who were treated with RAI. The follow-up protocol consisted of detailed clinical examination, testing of thyroid function, determination of serum thyroglobulin (Tg), and anti-Tg antibodies, and neck ultrasonography application. Forty-three pediatric patients (34 females and 9 males) treated with RAI for DTC in our institute. The median follow-up period was 54 months. The histologic classification was papillary thyroid cancer in 41 patients and the remaining 2 patients had follicular thyroid cancer. After the long-term follow-up, complete remission, partial remission, and recurrent-persistent disease were observed in 37 patients, 3 patients, and 3 patients, respectively. Among the series, 1 death occurred due to multiple metastases. The mortality rate is 2.56%. Total thyroidectomy followed by RAI appears to be the most effective treatment for patients with pediatric DTC in terms of reducing the rate of relapse and improving surveillance for recurrent disease.
Vertebral uptake of 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin during lung perfusion scanning
Authors: D´Abadie Philippe , Ghaye Benoit , Jamar François
Published: November 2019

A 53-year-old female underwent a lung ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy (V/Q scan) in the workup of extensive thrombosis of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins. The perfusion lung scan visualized an atypical uptake in the thoracic vertebrae. A chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan demonstrated unusual tortuous and opacified thoracic superficial veins, collaterals of the lateral thoracic vein. Many venous collateral pathways can be developed in the case of superior vena cava syndrome.99mTc-macroaggregated albumin particles may pass through the lateral thoracic vein and eventually through the vertebral venous plexus before being finally trapped by the vertebral capillaries. Besides right-to-left shunting, extrapulmonary uptake in the lung perfusion scintigraphy is very rare and may be used by collateral venous pathways.
The control of anthropogenic emissions contributed to 80 % of the decrease in PM2.5 concentrations in Beijing from 2013 to 2017
Authors: Chen Ziyue , Chen Danlu , Kwan Mei-Po , Chen Bin , Gao Bingbo , Zhuang Yan , Li Ruiyuan , Xu Bing
Published: November 2019

Abstract. With the completion of the Beijing Five-year Clean Air Action Plan by the
end of 2017, the annual mean PM2.5 concentration in Beijing dropped
dramatically to 58.0 µg m−3 in 2017 from 89.5 µg m−3 in 2013. However, controversies exist to argue that favourable
meteorological conditions in 2017 were the major driver for such a rapid
decrease in PM2.5 concentrations. To comprehensively evaluate this
5-year plan, we employed a Kolmogorov–Zurbenko (KZ) filter and WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting and the Community Multi-scale Air Quality) to quantify the relative contribution of meteorological conditions and the
control of anthropogenic emissions to PM2.5 reduction in Beijing from
2013 to 2017. For these 5 years, the relative contribution of
emission reduction to the decrease in PM2.5 concentrations calculated
by KZ filtering and WRF-CMAQ was 80.6 % and 78.6 % respectively.
KZ filtering suggested that short-term variations in meteorological and
emission conditions contributed majorly to rapid changes in PM2.5
concentrations in Beijing. WRF-CMAQ revealed that the relative contribution
of local and regional emission reduction to the PM2.5 decrease in Beijing
was 53.7 % and 24.9 % respectively. For local emission-reduction
measures, the regulation of coal boilers, increasing use of clean fuels for
residential use and industrial restructuring contributed 20.1 %,
17.4 % and 10.8 % to PM2.5 reduction respectively. Both models
suggested that the control of anthropogenic emissions accounted for around
80 % of the PM2.5 reduction in Beijing, indicating that
emission reduction was crucial for air quality enhancement in Beijing from
2013 to 2017. Consequently, such a long-term air quality clean plan should be
continued in the following years to further reduce PM2.5 concentrations
in Beijing.
Regional hydraulic model of the Upper Rhine Graben
Authors: Koltzer Nora , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena , Cacace Mauro , Frick Maximilian , Bott Judith
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In this study we make use of 3-D hydraulic simulations to investigate the
regional groundwater flow in the Upper Rhine Graben. The modeling is based
on an existing detailed 3-D structural model covering the whole Upper Rhine
Graben from the surface down to 14 km of depth. The overall goal of this study
is to provide some quantitative analysis on the role of the hydraulic head
topology in shaping the underground hydrodynamics by taking into account
interactions with the heterogeneous subsurface sedimentary configuration of
the basin system. Therefore, the main question addressed by this study can
be summarized as follows: does the deep graben flow follow the topographic
gradient and the flow direction of the river Rhine from the Alps northward
to the northernmost area of the Upper Rhine Graben? Our results demonstrate the presence of a regional subsurface flow in the
sedimentary rocks aligning from the graben flanks towards its center and in
the southern half of the graben from south to north. The graben-parallel
flow velocity is found to be about 1 order of magnitude lower than the velocity
predicted perpendicular to the main graben axis. Besides these general
trends, the modeling highlights local heterogeneities in the shallow 3-D
flow field. Those arise from the interaction between regional groundwater
flow and the heterogeneous sedimentary configuration. Within the Cenozoic
sediments forming the uppermost aquifer in the model, groundwater flows
are driven by imposed hydraulic gradients from recharge areas located at higher elevations in the Black Forest and Vosges Mountains to the discharge region at a lower elevation in the Rhine valley. The presence of a regional aquitard (Keuper) separating the shallow
and the deeper aquifer system (Muschelkalk, Buntsandstein, and Rotliegend) hinders hydraulic connection among the two aquifer systems. This
is exemplified by the development of a flow system in the deeper aquifers,
which shows a more continuous graben-parallel south–north direction.
Based on these results we can conclude that both the hydraulic head topology
and the level of structuration of the sedimentary sequence exert a 1st-order
role in shaping the regional flow system at depth. The regional model
predicts a heterogeneous flow system within the upper 4 km of the Upper
Rhine Valley, where flow velocities in the graben valley can reach up to 45 mm yr−1 in the upper and lower aquifers. Back to the current conceptual
hydrogeological model, the results question the presence of a graben through
northward flow, being limited to the southern half of the graben. In the
north, the groundwater dynamics turn out to be more complex, being
structurally linked to the local geology. This calls for additional studies
with a higher level of both structural and stratigraphic attributes in
order to arrive at a better quantification of the local to the regional
groundwater dynamics in the area.
Outer radiation belt and inner magnetospheric response to sheath regions of coronal mass ejections: A statistical analysis
Authors: Kalliokoski Milla M. H. , Kilpua Emilia K. J. , Osmane Adnane , Turner Drew L. , Jaynes Allison N. , Turc Lucile , George Harriet , Palmroth Minna
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The energetic electron content in the Van Allen radiation belts surrounding the Earth can vary dramatically on several timescales, and these strong electron fluxes present a hazard for spacecraft traversing the belts. The belt response to solar wind driving is yet largely unpredictable and especially the direct response to specific large-scale heliospheric structures has not been considered previously. We investigate the immediate response of electron fluxes in the outer belt to driving by sheath regions preceding interplanetary coronal mass ejections and the associated wave activity in the inner magnetosphere. We consider events from 2012 to 2018 in the Van Allen Probes era to employ the energy and radial distance resolved electron flux observations of the twin spacecraft mission. We perform a statistical study of the events using superposed epoch analysis, where the sheaths are superposed separately from the ejecta and resampled to the same average duration. Our results show that wave power of ultra-low frequency Pc5 and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, as measured by a geostationary GOES satellite, is higher during the sheaths than during the ejecta. However, the level of chorus wave power remains approximately the same, despite on average stronger ring current enhancements during the ejecta. Electron flux enhancements are common at low energies ( 4). Distinctively, depletion extends to lower energies at larger distances. We suggest that this L-shell and energy dependent depletion results from magnetopause shadowing dominating the losses at large distances, while wave-particle interactions dominate closer to the Earth. We also show that non-geoeffective sheaths cause significant changes in the outer belt electron fluxes.
Modelling impacts of spatially variable erosion drivers on suspended sediment dynamics
Authors: Battista Giulia , Molnar Peter , Burlando Paolo
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The estimate of suspended sediment load in rivers is often highly problematic because of the strong variability in suspended sediment concentrations with discharge. Previous studies that investigated the sources of this variability highlight the need to explicitly account for the main hydrological processes controlling sediment erosion and transport at the catchment scale, their spatio-temporal variability and interactions with the topography and surface characteristics of the basin. In this paper we propose a novel physically explicit spatially distributed hillslope erosion and sediment transport model including these erosion drivers, based on the computationally efficient hydrological model TOPKAPI-ETH. We investigate its suitability to reproduce the variability of sediment concentrations at the outlet of a pre-alpine river basin in Switzerland and quantify the impacts of key spatially variable erosion drivers – rainfall and surface erodibility – on sediment dynamics. Our analysis shows that deterministic modelling can capture a significant part of the variability in suspended sediment concentrations. Spatial variability of erosion drivers affects sediment yield by (i) increasing sediment production due to a spatially variable precipitation, while decreasing it due to a spatially variable surface erodibility, (ii) favoring the clustering of sediment source areas, and (iii) decreasing their connectivity to the river network by magnifying sediment buffers. Finally, we discuss the results in the context of the geomorphology and landscape characteristics of our study area and compare our findings with other modelling and empirical studies on sources of sediment concentration variability.
Book review: Klimawandel zeigen, Klimawandel sehen – Zu Eva Nöthens Entwurf einer
systematischen Analyse fotografischer Illustrationen des Klimawandels in den
Massenmedien
Authors: Miggelbrink Judith
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The article discusses Spiegelbilder des Klimawandel – Die Fotografie als Medium der Umweltbildung, written by Eva Nöthen and published by
Transcript. It starts with the methodological concept that is developed by
the author as an approach to dissect a corpus of photografic images and
their embedding into the respective journal article. This is followed by an
attempt to locate Nöthen's contribution into a broader discussion on how
individual perception and the will to act with regard to climate change are
intertwined. I especially address emotional-affective moments of image
perception and the aesthetics of photography.
Multimodel simulations of a springtime dust storm over northeastern China: implications of an evaluation of four commonly used air quality models (CMAQ v5.2.1, CAMx v6.50, CHIMERE v2017r4, and WRF-Chem v3.9.1)
Authors: Ma Siqi , Zhang Xuelei , Gao Chao , Tong Daniel Q. , Xiu Aijun , Wu Guangjian , Cao Xinyuan , Huang Ling , Zhao Hongmei , Zhang Shichun , Ibarra-Espinosa Sergio , Wang Xin , Li Xiaolan , Dan Mo
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Mineral dust particles play an important role in the Earth system,
imposing a variety of effects on air quality, climate, human health, and
economy. Accurate forecasts of dust events are highly desirable to provide
an early warning and inform the decision-making process. East Asia is one of the largest
dust sources in the world. This study applies and evaluates four widely used
regional air quality models to simulate dust storms in northeastern China.
Three dust schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry
(WRF-Chem) (version 3.9.1), two schemes in both CHIMERE (version 2017r4) and CMAQ
(version 5.2.1), and one scheme in CAMx (version 6.50) were applied to a
dust event during 4–6 May 2015 in northeastern
China. Most of these models were able to capture this dust event with the exception of
CAMx, which has no dust source map covering the study area; hence, another
dust source mask map was introduced to replace the default one for the
subsequent simulation. Although these models reproduced the spatial pattern
of the dust plume, there were large discrepancies between predicted and
observed PM10 concentrations in each model. In general, CHIMERE had
relatively better performance among all simulations with default
configurations. After parameter tuning, WRF-Chem with the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) scheme using
a seasonal dust source map from Ginoux et al. (2012) showed the best
performance, followed by WRF-Chem with the UOC_Shao2004 scheme,
CHIMERE, and CMAQ. The performance of CAMx had significantly improved by
substituting the default dust map and removing the friction velocity
limitation. This study suggested that the dust source maps should be
carefully selected on a regional scale or replaced with a new one constructed
with local data. Moreover, further study and measurement of sandblasting
efficiency of different soil types and locations should be conducted to
improve the accuracy of estimated vertical dust fluxes in air quality models.
User Behaviour in the Wild: Analysing Naturalistic Log Data of a Pedestrian Navigation App
Authors: Jackermeier Robert , Ludwig Bernd
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Knowledge about real-life user behaviour is an important factor for the design of navigation systems. Prompted by the observation that users tend to use our campus navigation app in unexpected ways, we present a naturalistic study of navigation logs. The data set consists of sensor and interaction data from over 4600 sessions, collected over a span of several months from hundreds of users. In our analysis, we demonstrate how the core concepts from navigation literature, i. e. wayfinding and locomotion, can be observed, but also point out differences to previous studies and assumptions. One of our main findings is that the application is mostly used to plan routes in advance, and not to navigate along them. Furthermore, detailed case-studies of actual navigation sessions provide a unique insight into user behaviour and show that persons are often not focused on their navigation task but engaged otherwise. Based on these results, we formulate design implications that do not only apply to future iterations of our application, but can be seen as best practices for pedestrian navigation apps in general.
Spatial Analysis of Moments of Stress Derived from Wearable Sensor Data
Authors: Kyriakou Kalliopi , Resch Bernd
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Over the last years, we have witnessed an increasing interest in urban health research using physiological sensors. There is a rich repertoire of methods for stress detection using various physiological signals and algorithms. However, most of the studies focus mainly on the analysis of the physiological signals and disregard the spatial analysis of the extracted geo-located emotions. Methodologically, the use of hotspot maps created through point density analysis dominates in previous studies, but this method may lead to inaccurate or misleading detection of high-intensity stress clusters. This paper proposes a methodology for the spatial analysis of moments of stress (MOS). In a first step, MOS are identified through a rule-based algorithm analysing galvanic skin response and skin temperature measured by low-cost wearable physiological sensors. For the spatial analysis, we introduce a MOS ratio for the geo-located detected MOS. This ratio normalises the detected MOS in nearby areas over all the available records for the area. Then, the MOS ratio is fed into a hot spot analysis to identify hot and cold spots. To validate our methodology, we carried out two real-world field studies to evaluate the accuracy of our approach. We show that the proposed approach is able to identify spatial patterns in urban areas that correspond to self-reported stress.
Erratum to: Miramontes Olivas, A., & Garcilazo, G. (2019). From Axayácatl to El Chapo: Rethinking Migration and Mexico’s War on Drugs in Gabriel Garcilazo’s Dystopic Magical Codex. Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture, 8, 98-118. https://doi.org/10.5195/contemp.2019.284
Authors: Lombard Jacqueline M.
Published: November 2019

Erratum to: Miramontes Olivas, A., & Garcilazo, G. (2019). From Axayácatl to El Chapo: Rethinking Migration and Mexico’s War on Drugs in Gabriel Garcilazo’s Dystopic Magical Codex. Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture, 8, 98-118. https://doi.org/10.5195/contemp.2019.284

 

The original publication of this article included a misspelling of Gabriel Garcilazo's name in its title, incorrectly spelling Garcilazo's last name. The original article has been updated to reflect this change.
La expansión del derecho a la integridad: el caso de los transgéneros
Authors: Canosa Usera Raúl
Published: November 2019

Se analizan las implicaciones jurídicas derivadas de la situación de los denominados «transgénero» como categoría sexual específica a los efectos de medir su inserción jurídica y constitucional, teniendo en cuenta tanto el plano normativo como el jurisprudencial europeo y americano.
La familia como derecho humano
Authors: García Martínez María Asunción
Published: November 2019

Se aborda el proceso de configuración de la familia, a partir de su concepción como institución social, como titular y objeto de derechos humanos, lo que le dota de una dimensión y unos contenidos concretos garantizados por una protección constitucional y jurisprudencial específicos.
Aportaciones fragmentarias a la representación política del Tribunal Constitucional español y del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos: una teoría liberal-democrática
Authors: García Roca Javier
Published: November 2019

¿Cuáles son las diferencias entre los distintos tipos de globalización? La globalización a través de derechos fundamentales tiene rasgos propios. ¿Cuál es la diversa relevancia del Derecho en la lógica de los mercados, en el Consejo de Europa y el sistema del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos y el sistema interamericano, y en la Unión Europea? Solo en el tercer espacio existe realmente una representación política directa en el Parlamento Europeo y una representación de los Estados en la Comisión y el Consejo Europeo siguiendo una legitimidad dual. Pero es mucho lo que queda por hacer en la Unión en la representación política y aún más en los Estados miembros. Son precisos cambios en las normas y en la cultura política. Por si el tiempo llegara, he singularizado algunos ingredientes básicos de la teoría liberal y democrática de la representación política que se desprende de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional y del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos.
La adopción de acuerdos por las Cámaras
Authors: García-Escudero Márquez Piedad
Published: November 2019

El artículo estudia la regulación constitucional y la práctica sobre la adopción de acuerdos por las Cámaras que componen las Cortes Generales, los diferentes tipos de quorum y de votación, así como la problemática que plantea la indelegabilidad del voto establecida por el art. 79.3 CE y las soluciones dadas en la normativa y realidad parlamentaria a las necesidades de sustitución temporal de parlamentarios.
La intervención de los Parlamentos nacionales de los Estados miembros de la UE en el control de subsidiariedad y en el de proporcionalidad. Antecedentes e implementación: de la década de los noventa a la primera década del siglo XXI
Authors: Ripollés Serrano Maria Rosa
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo es una síntesis del texto de unas conferencias impartidas en la Facultad de Ciencas Políticas de la UCM (Campus Somosaguas) en el Seminario sobre Unión Europea, a lo largo de diferentes cursos académicos. Se ha realizado sobre documentos COM, información de la COSAC e informes de los letrados de la CMUE. En él se aborda el significado de la intervención de los Parlamentos nacionales de los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea en la legislación europea a través de los principios de subsidiariedad y proporcionalidad y su primera practica en España durante los años noventa del siglo xx, con mención específica del papel y procedimiento de la CMUE de las Cortes Generales.
Estado de Derecho y pluralidad territorial: el valor intangible de la democracia
Authors: Sanz Moreno José Antonio
Published: November 2019

La angustia territorial del Estado de Derecho español —como unidad plural de la Nación con derecho a la autonomía de sus nacionalidades y regiones— se resuelve desde la defensa intangible de su Constitución: el autogobierno interno de las Comunidades Autónomas no conlleva ningún derecho de autodeterminación externa, y, sin embargo, debemos afrontar el órdago de la sinrazón nacional-populista, subrayando la cláusula de intangibilidad material del texto constitucional en una ya imprescindible revisión federal de nuestro Estado social y democrático.
Family Control and Earnings Management: An Empirical Analysis of the Lebanese Banking Sector
Authors: Mokhtar Ekramy S. , Elharidy Ali M.
Published: November 2019

This study aims to examine the relationship between board of directors’ characteristics, family control and earnings management practices in Lebanese commercial banks during 2008 to 2016. The characteristics of the board of directors are board size and role duality. Also, the study aims to identify earnings management practices during and after the global financial crisis. Earnings management was measured using discretionary accruals estimated by loan losses provision. The population for the study consists of Lebanese commercial banks registered with the Banque du Liban, which provided 182 bank/year observations during the study period. The results of the study indicate that Lebanese commercial banks with a relatively larger family control are more involved in earnings management practices. The study demonstrates that self-interest overrides common interests, leading the controlling family to maximize its own benefits at the expense of minority owners, resulting in more earnings management practices. In addition, capital adequacy and board size have significant positive influence on earnings management. Earnings management practices were not affected by role duality and bank size. Further, maintaining profitability was found to have a significant impact on earnings management practices. Finally, the results of the study indicate that Lebanese commercial banks became involved in earnings management practices after the global financial crisis compared to the period during the crisis.
Pursuing Opportunities Available to Support Your Own Learning: A Case Study: University of Guyana Library
Authors: Lowe Debra , Rose Simmone La , Bhagwandin Nalisa
Published: November 2019

This article provides an assessment of the pathways Librarians at the University of Guyana Library (UGL) explored to achieve continual learning for professional growth and self-development.The writers adopted a survey method to capture data from sixteen senior professionals from the University of Guyana Library. The findings revealed that while the University of Guyana Administration provided some avenues for professional growth and development for all professionals, there were some areas that required a more structured and equitable approach.  The findings indicated that much more can be done to facilitate growth and development for senior Library professionals, particularly in the field of Librarianship. From the discussions, the researchers concluded that in spite of the limited access to available resources, Library senior professionals actively pursued alternative avenues to enhance and advance learning. This was intended to acquire current knowledge and practice so that they may provide a higher quality of service to their clientele; further, their experience (in the process) will assist in enhancing their professional development and personal growth.
Proceso productivo de empresas queseras artesanales de la región Ríos de Tabasco
Authors: Blanco Gómez Liliana Cristel , Luna Jiménez Ana Laura , Cortés Nicolás González , Hernández Mateo Ortíz , Vera Román Jiménez
Published: November 2019

Los Ríos es una de las cinco regiones productivas de Tabasco, México, donde la ganadería es la principal actividad económica; y la quesería, la mayor actividad de transformación. El objetivo fue conocer el proceso productivo de las empresas queseras artesanales ubicadas en esta región. Se recabó información mediante un cuestionario relacionado con el diseño del proceso, producción y distribución de productos. Las queserías de la región Ríos son microempresas familiares con inversión de capital privado. Su producción se enfoca a la elaboración de productos de consumo local, principalmente el queso de poro. Aunque se cuenta con una asociación, las empresas laboran de manera individual y no cuentan con procesos documentados ni estandarizados. La producción se distribuye a mercados locales; muy pocas a nivel nacional y ninguna en el ámbito internacional. El gobierno mexicano ha apoyado el desarrollo mediante leyes y eventos. No obstante, las empresas deben delimitar las características de sus productos, desde la materia prima hasta su distribución. De igual manera, esindispensable mejorar los procesos que involucren la inocuidad, el empaque, condiciones de conservación, estandarización y documentación de procesos.