bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance to diseases of sour, sweet and wild passion fruit genotypes
Authors: Da Silva Nóbrega Daiane , Ricardo Peixoto José , Souza Vilela Michelle , Santos de Mendonça Renata , De Deus de Sousa Rosa Maria , Pereira de Oliveira Assussena , Alves de Oliveira Júnior Antônio , Dias Ramos Samara
Published: May 2022

The cultivation of passion fruit is important for Brazil, since the country is currently the largest producer and consumer of fruit in the world. However, the fields of passion fruit still face important problems due to the incidence and severity of diseases in the field. Thus, the present study aimed to assess resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases in 13 genotypes of sour, sweet and wild passion fruit, in field conditions in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. For this, a field experiment was installed in a randomized block design, with four replications and 13 treatments (genotypes). The characteristics of incidence, severity and degree of resistance for bacteriosis, septoriosis, scab and anthracnose diseases were evaluated in 5 fruits per plot of each genotype. Genetic parameters of the evaluated traits were also estimated. High heritability values and CVg/Cve ratio were observed for most of the evaluated characteristics. The genotypes presented mean values of incidence and severity of bacteriosis, septoriosis, scab and anthracnose different among them, and the one that presented the best results in the degree of resistance for all diseases was F1 (MAR20 # 24 x ECL7 P1 R4).
Physical and hydrological characteristics and modelling of the soil water retention curve in the brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: Renato Américo de Araújo Neto  , Douardo Magalhães Ivomberg , Guilherme Bastos Lyra  , Stoecio Malta Ferreira Maia  , Gustavo Bastos Lyra
Published: May 2022

Semiarid regions are characterised by water scarcity, a limiting factor on plant growth and development. The Sertão Canal was built in the semiarid region of Brazil, more specifically in the state of Alagoas, with the aim of making year-round irrigation possible. However, for the best water management, a physical and hydrological knowledge of the soils is necessary. As such, the aim of this study was to determine the physical and hydrological characteristics of three different types of soil (Argisol, Quartzarenic Neossol and Regolithic Neossol) under native vegetation (Caatinga) and agricultural systems in the semiarid region of Alagoas, as well as to adjust the soil water retention characteristic curves. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm in the municipalities of Inhapi, Delmiro Gouveia and Pariconha, in the state of Alagoas. The points of the moisture characteristic curve were determined by the Richards method, at pressures of 33, 100, 500, 1000 and 1500 kPa. Retention curves were modelled using the exponential decay equation and compared using the van Genuchten equation, modelled with the help of the RETC computer software. Particle size varied according to the textural classification of the different soils, from Sand to a Sandy Clay Loam. The retention curve fluctuated due to the particle size of the soil, with the Red-Yellow Argisol (Inhapi) having a greater capacity for water retention. Extremely sandy soils, such as those in the Delmiro Gouveia region, had a low capacity for retaining water. For each soil sample, the exponential decay equation gave the best fit, with values for R2adjust of greater than 0.93. When the measured soil moisture levels were compared with the levels estimated by the RETC model, some of the treatments were unable to estimate accurately the moisture levels obtained with the soil water retention curves.
Nos degraus do cadafalso
Authors: Pires Arthur Freire Simões
Published: May 2022

Esta resenha discute criticamente a obra Reflexões sobre a guilhotina, de Albert Camus (2022). Imerso em seu próprio cosmos de referência, o literato se ampara tanto em sua própria filosofia quanto em memórias pessoais para arquitetar a integridade de seus argumentos, os quais também são nutridos por uma plural literatura que aborda diretamente a temática da punição capital. Na tentativa de preencher uma lacuna, diagnosticada pelo próprio escritor argelino, na sociedade francesa, ele empreende neste ensaio uma demarcação argumentativa contrária à pena de morte e sua aplicação, refutando os argumentos de seus defensores e oferecendo um novo horizonte à condição humana que era duplamente assassinada na escuridão das prisões francesas.
Palavras-chave: Albert Camus; pena de morte; guilhotina; revolta; ressentimento.
 
On the steps of the scaffold: a review of Reflections on the guillotine, by Albert Camus
Abstract: This review critically discusses the work Reflections on the guillotine, by Albert Camus (2022). Immersed in his own cosmos of reference, the literate draws on both his own philosophy and personal memories to architect the integrity of his arguments, which are also nourished by a plural literature that directly addresses the issue of capital punishment. In an attempt to fill a gap, diagnosed by the Algerian writer himself, in French society, he undertakes in this essay an argumentative demarcation against the death penalty and its application, refuting the arguments of its defenders and offering a new horizon to the human condition which had been doubly murdered in the darkness of French prisons.
Keywords: Albert Camus; death penalty; guillotine; revolt; resentment. 
 
Sobre los escalones del cadalso: una reseña de Reflexiones sobre la guillotina, de Albert Camus
Resumen: Esta reseña analiza críticamente la obra Reflexiones sobre la guillotina, de Albert Camus (2022). Inmerso en su propio cosmos de referencia, el literato se sirve tanto de su propia filosofía como de sus recuerdos personales para construir la integridad de sus argumentos, que además se nutren de una literatura plural que aborda directamente el tema de la pena capital. En un intento por llenar un hueco, diagnosticado por el propio escritor argelino, en la sociedad francesa, emprende en este ensayo un deslinde argumentativo frente a la pena de muerte y su aplicación, refutando los argumentos de sus defensores y ofreciendo una nueva horizonte a la condición humana que fue doblemente asesinada en la oscuridad de las prisiones francesas.
Palavras-clave: pena de muerte; guillotina; revuelta; resentimiento.
 
Data de registro: 31/03/2022
Data de aceite: 17/05/2022
Mehr als smarte Technik: ein konzeptioneller Rahmen zu „Smart Countryside“
Authors: Weith Thomas , Prossek Achim , Weddige Ulf , Gütte Annelie , Zscheischler Jana
Published: May 2022

Up to now, there is no equivalent to the smart city concept for rural areas. Such a concept can draw on the findings and experiences from the urban context, but must adequately take into account the characteristics and structures of rural areas. This is where the enrolment of a concept for smart countryside in this paper starts as an action-oriented framework. Through an integrative consideration of current trends and tendencies, normative debates about equality and justice as well as possibilities in various fields of action, it includes development options that become possible through digitalisation and ‘smart’ implementation. Their realisation should be strongly demanddriven. The concept includes also governance processes and knowledge management, and the application of co-design approaches. Development potentials of digitalisation are seen beyond simple technology orientation. The concept of digitalisation presented here can contribute to a more comprehensive transformation of rural areas towards sustainability. It formulates a joint design mandate for politics, society and science.
An Improvement on a Class of Fixed Point Iterative Methods for Solving Absolute Value Equations
Authors: Shams Nafiseh Nasseri , Beik Fatemeh Panjeh Ali
Published: May 2022

We consider a class of iterative methods based on block splitting (BBS) to solve absolute value equations

A
⁢
x

-

|
x
|

=
b

Ax-\lvert x\rvert=b

.
Recently, several works were devoted to deriving sufficient conditions for the convergence of iterative methods of this type under certain assumptions including

ν
:=

∥

A

-
1

∥

<
1

\nu:=\lVert A^{-1}\rVert<1

.
However, the BBS-type iterative methods tend to converge slowly when 𝜈 is very close to one (i.e.,

ν
≈
1

\nu\approx 1

).
In this paper, using an auxiliary matrix, we develop a new approach by first rewriting the main problem into a new equivalent block system having shifted

(
1
,
1
)

(1,1)

-block and then constructing a fixed point iteration.
The exploited strategy can significantly improve the convergence speed of the BBS-type iterative methods when

ν
≈
1

\nu\approx 1

.
Numerical experiments are reported to demonstrate the superiority of the new modified iterative scheme over the existing original form of BBS-type methods in the literature.
A low-cost photonic band gap (PBG) microstrip line resonator for dielectric characterization of liquids
Authors: Grine Farouk , Ammari Halima , Benhabiles Mohamed Taoufik , Riabi Mohamed Lahdi , Djerafi Tarek
Published: May 2022

In this paper, hybrid integration of planar microstrip line and Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structure is proposed for the dielectric characterization of liquids. To implement the PBG structure of the microstrip line, a microfluidic channel with periodic form is introduced into the substrate and filled with different liquids. Based on this configuration, the operation principle of the sensor is based on a frequency shift due to the variation in the center of the bandgap, which in turn changes with the variation of the permittivity of LUT filled in the microfluidic channel. The proposed sensor exploits the behavior of the bandgap as a reflector to construct a resonant structure sensitive to the variation in LUT permittivity. The dimensions of the planar structure are optimized to achieve high precision and discrimination capability. The different empirical expressions describing the complex permittivity with the measured parameters were carried out. To validate the proposed concept, the sensor prototype is designed, fabricated, and tested. The frequency shift related to a change of 3.2 in LUT permittivity corresponds to 180 MHz around 6 GHz. The resonant-mode sensor spans a permittivity range from 1 to 80 with a precision better than 7.2%. The proposed sensor is simple in design and low cost, which may be applied in different applications at the industrial.
Laccase-catalyzed grafting of vanillin on wood and its effect on wood decay resistance
Authors: Bi Zhenju , Yan Li , Chen Zhangjing , Lei Yafang , Li Guangbin
Published: May 2022

The improvement of wood decay resistance is more inclined to eco-friendly methods such as the application of natural products, but the low durability of some natural products as wood preservatives limits their applications. In this study, vanillin catalyzed by laccase was grafted into poplar wood to increase wood decay resistance and can remain in wood for longer period. The reaction system of vanillin, ABTS, laccase and phosphate buffer solution was impregnated into poplar wood using vacuum-pressure method, and reacted at 40 °C for 6 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to confirm the grafting reaction actually occurring during the process. The decay resistance, leaching resistance and mechanical strength of grafted wood were evaluated. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping was used to characterize the vanillin distribution. The results indicated that vanillin grafted poplar wood had good decay resistance, leaching resistance and higher strength. The mass loss of grafted poplar wood exposed to white-rot fungi [Trametes versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Quél.] and brown-rot fungi [Gloeophyllum trabeum (Pers.: Fr.) Murr.] decreased from original 46 and 13% to 9 and 4%, respectively, even after leaching. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the grafted poplar were 11 and 26% stronger than original poplar wood. Vanillin was found in wood cell wall. It was actually esterified onto wood catalyzed by the laccase.
Contesting Deaths’ Despair: Local Public Religion, Radical Welcome and Community Health in the Overdose Crisis, Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Campbell Emily B.
Published: May 2022

In the United States, the first decades of the twenty-first century have been marked by a worsening fatal drug overdose epidemic leading life expectancy to decline for the first time in a century. Often termed deaths of despair, this development is attributed to declines in civic life, including lessening religious participation, wrought by long-term deindustrialization. Despite this, civil society has responded by contesting despair and the conditions hastening fatal overdose trends. This article examines faith-based community responses to the American overdose crisis through an extended case study of a church-led campaign in Massachusetts. In the summer of 2017, the state of Massachusetts released its fatal overdose numbers to the public: 2,069 people died of fatal overdose in 2016. In response, Trinity Church of Wrentham, Massachusetts, launched the #2069 campaign resulting in over 2,000 billboards and lawn signs emblazoned with #2069 displayed across the state. The memorial project fostered conversation, but also forged new community active in its work of social support, public health outreach and nonpartisan political engagement. The article considers the role of faith-based public health efforts and the potential for further interfaith and interracial collaboration on public health issues and the role of public religion in contesting conditions of despair.
An efficient method for the removal of Pb prior to the ultra-trace Am measurement by ICP-MS
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Fan Jinlong , Zhai Xiufang , Li Zhiming , Yu Qingjiang , Zhang Weichao , Liu Zhichao
Published: May 2022

The existence of Pb which formed polyatomic ions such as PbCl+, PbAr+ would interfere the determination of ultra-trace Am by ICP-MS. An extraction chromatography method for the removal of Pb interference was provided in this work to improve the determination accuracy of ultra-trace Am by ICP-MS. In this study, Sr resin was applied to separate Am and Pb because of the great difference between Am and Pb on adsorption ability. The variable parameters including nitric acid concentration, loading volume, column height and loading amount were investigated to optimize the separation conditions for high recovery of Am (R(Am)) as well as high decontamination factor of Pb (DF(Pb)). The optimal separation method was recommended in the study with the recovery of Am over 99% and the decontamination factor of Pb over 2 × 105. Moreover, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of 241Am in the simulated samples.
Beyond Walls: Reassessing Iron Age and Roman Encounters in Northern Britain
Authors: Fernández-Götz Manuel , Cowley Dave , Hamilton Derek , Hardwick Ian J. , McDonald Sophie
Published: May 2022

Northern Britain is one of a few areas in Western Europe over which the Roman Empire did not establish full control. In order to reassess the impact of Rome in this northernmost frontier, the new Leverhulme-funded project Beyond Walls is analysing the long-term transformation of settlement patterns in an area extending from south of Hadrian's Wall to north of the Antonine Wall. The results of a pilot study around Burnswark hillfort demonstrate the potential of such a landscape-based approach.
Articulating Urban Culture with Coach Horns in the Long Nineteenth Century
Authors: Vilkner Nicole
Published: May 2022

Postal horns have been associated traditionally with bucolic topics in music. From Mozart to Mahler, the instrument appears in orchestral textures and songs to signify nostalgia for preindustrial rural life. The history of the coach horn, originally the standard postal instrument used on the British Royal Mail fleets, branched unexpectedly away from this paradigm when it was adopted for recreational use by socialites in urban areas in England, France, and other metropolitan hubs during the second half of the nineteenth century. In addition to performing the traditional road signals, driving enthusiasts expanded the musical vocabulary of the coach horn to include elaborate fanfares and stylized ensemble music. Tracing the undocumented recreational history of the coach horn, this article interrogates coach horn manuals, compositions, and essays on coaching that overturn traditional assumptions about the instrument. These sources illustrate how coach horn signals helped reframe driving from a service activity to a healthful sport. Examining the rhetoric surrounding the coach horn during the period of its revival, this study shows how the new signals reflected promenade and salon culture by mimicking polite dialogue. The ensemble repertory written for coach horns also catered to urban popular taste and was cultivated to enhance metropolitan social events. Analysis further illustrates how revivalist fanfares aurally articulated social status in the outdoor urban arena. This case study ultimately traces the cultural evolution of an instrument, a complex process through which old and new musical expectations were negotiated through composition and practice.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and endocrine resistance in hormone-dependent breast cancer
Authors: Alataki Anastasia , Dowsett Mitch
Published: May 2022

Endocrine therapies are the main treatment strategies for the clinical management of hormone-dependent breast cancer. Despite prolonged time to recurrence in the adjuvant setting and the initial clinical responses in the metastatic setting, many patients eventually encounter tumour relapse due to acquired resistance to these agents. Other patients experience a lack of tumour regression at the beginning of treatment indicating de novo resistance that significantly limits its efficacy in the clinic. There is compelling evidence that human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) overexpression contributes to resistance to endocrine therapies in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. ER+/HER2+ tumours comprise about 10% of all breast cancer cases and about 60% of the whole set of HER2+ tumours. Most patients with primary ER+/HER2+ disease will receive antibody-based HER2-targeted therapy, but this is generally for no more than one year while endocrine treatment is usually for at least 5 years. A number of HER2-kinase inhibitors are also now in clinical use or in clinical trials, and the interaction of these with endocrine treatment may differ from that of antibody treatment. In this review article, we aim to summarise knowledge on molecular mechanisms of breast cancer resistance to endocrine therapies attributable to the impact of HER2 signalling on endocrine sensitivity, to discuss data from clinical trials addressing the role of HER2 in the development of endocrine resistance in the metastatic, neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings and to explore rational new therapeutic strategies.
Is there a role for diagnostic scans in the management of intermediate-risk thyroid cancer?
Authors: Danilovic Debora L S , Coura-Filho George B , Recchia Giulianna M , Castroneves Luciana A , Marui Suemi , Buchpiguel Carlos A , Hoff Ana O , Kopp Peter
Published: May 2022

Radioiodine (RAI) is selectively recommended for intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC). The information gleaned from pretherapy stimulated thyroglobulin levels (sTg) and diagnostic 131I whole-body scans (DxWBS) to guide therapy remains controversial. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of preablation sTg and DxWBS in the management of intermediate-risk DTC. A retrospective analysis of 301 intermediate-risk DTC patients submitted to total thyroidectomy and RAI therapy was performed. Pretherapy sTg and DxWBS and post-therapy WBS (RxWBS) findings were analyzed and compared to outcomes. Fifty-two patients (17.3%) had metastases diagnosed by DxWBS and/or RxWBS. The DxWBS identified 10.6% of patients with functioning metastases, including unexpected distant metastases. If combined with SPECT-CT, DxWBS detected RAI-avid metastases more frequently, particularly lymph node metastases (13.1% vs 4.2% planar WBS, P = 0.015). The DxWBS findings modified patient management in 8.3%. A pretherapy sTg <1 ng/mL was associated with a low false-negative rate for the presence of metastases (5.2%), and its performance in excluding metastasis was improved by a negative DxWBS (2.7% of patients with both negative exams had metastases in RxWBS). A sTg <1 ng/mL predicted statistically significant lower rates of recurrent/persistent disease and biochemical/structural incomplete responses. In conclusion, preablation sTg and DxWBS contribute to the detection of unknown or persistent metastatic disease in intermediate-risk DTC patients. A sTg <1 ng/mL in combination with a negative DxWBS is highly suggestive of the absence of remaining malignant disease, and one may consider deferring RAI ablation if both exams are negative. A stunning effect is rarely observed and it does not impair proper treatment of metastases.
Empirical Mode Decomposition and a Bidirectional LSTM Architecture Used to Decode Individual Finger MI-EEG Signals
Authors: Mwata-Velu Tat'y , Ruiz-Pinales Jose , Avina-Cervantes Juan Gabriel , Gonzalez-Barbosa Jose Joel , Contreras-Hernandez Jose Luis
Published: May 2022

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) paradigms based on Motor Imagery Electroencephalogram (MI-EEG) signals have been developed because the related signals can be generated voluntarily to control further applications. Researches using strong and stout limbs MI-EEG signals reported performing significant classification rates for BCI applied systems. However, MI-EEG signals produced by imagined movements of small limbs present a real classification challenge to be effectively used in BCI systems. It is due to a reduced signal level and increased noisy distorted effects. This study aims to decode individual right-hand fingers’ imagined movements for BCI applications, using MI-EEG signals from C3, Cz, P3, and Pz channels. For this purpose, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) preprocesses the non-stationary and non-linear EEG signals to finally use a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) to classify corresponding feature sequences. An average accuracy of 98.8 % was achieved for ring-finger movements decoding using k-fold cross-validation on a public dataset (Scientific-Data). The obtained results support that the proposed framework can be used for BCI control applications.
Evidence Theory based Uncertainty Design Optimization for Planetary Gearbox in Wind Turbine
Authors: Yang Shiyuan , Wang Jiapeng , Yang Hengfei
Published: May 2022

The planetary gearbox is an important part of the wind turbine. There are many random uncertain factors in the process of design, production, installation, and use, and these uncertain factors greatly influence the service life and reliability of the planetary gearbox. Therefore, the influence of uncertain factors needs to be considered in the design process to reduce the risk of failure. In this paper, an uncertainty design optimization method based on evidence theory is proposed, which can consider both interval variables and random variables in the optimization process. Then the megawatt wind turbine planetary gearbox is taken as the research object to analyze its uncertainty sources. Finally, the planetary gearbox is optimized by the proposed method. By comparing the results, the design scheme obtained by the method proposed in this paper is more reliable.
The Current and Future State of Pediatric Sepsis Definitions: An International Survey
Authors: Morin Luc , Hall Mark , de Souza Daniela , Guoping Lu , Jabornisky Roberto , Shime Nobuaki , Ranjit Suchitra , Gilholm Patricia , Nakagawa Satoshi , Zimmerman Jerry J. , Sorce Lauren R. , Argent Andrew , Kissoon Niranjan , Tissières Pierre , Watson R. Scott , Schlapbach Luregn J ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Definitions for pediatric sepsis were established in 2005 without data-driven criteria. It is unknown whether the more recent adult Sepsis-3 definitions meet the needs of providers caring for children. We aimed to explore the use and applicability of criteria to diagnose sepsis and septic shock in children across the world.

METHODS

This is an international electronic survey of clinicians distributed across international and national societies representing pediatric intensive care, emergency medicine, pediatrics, and pediatric infectious diseases. Respondents stated their preferences on a 5-point Likert scale.

RESULTS

There were 2835 survey responses analyzed, of which 48% originated from upper-middle income countries, followed by high income countries (38%) and low or lower-middle income countries (14%). Abnormal vital signs, laboratory evidence of inflammation, and microbiologic diagnoses were the criteria most used for the diagnosis of “sepsis.” The 2005 consensus definitions were perceived to be the most useful for sepsis recognition, while Sepsis-3 definitions were stated as more useful for benchmarking, disease classification, enrollment into trials, and prognostication. The World Health Organization definitions were perceived as least useful across all domains. Seventy one percent of respondents agreed that the term sepsis should be restricted to children with infection-associated organ dysfunction.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinicians around the world apply a myriad of signs, symptoms, laboratory studies, and treatment factors when diagnosing sepsis. The concept of sepsis as infection with associated organ dysfunction is broadly supported. Currently available sepsis definitions fall short of the perceived needs. Future diagnostic algorithms should be pragmatic and sensitive to the clinical settings.
Transtornos mentais comuns e adaptação ao ensino remoto em acadêmicos de saúde na pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Dantas Pereira Mara , Dantas Pereira Míria , Rodrigues Marques Dourado Marianna , Gonçalves Lopes Gabriel Pedro , Soares Britto Neto Horley , Tavares Costa Cleberson Franclin , Martin Dantas Estélio Henrique
Published: May 2022

A pandemia da doença de coronavírus (COVID-19) ocasionou a obrigatoriedade de virtualização da ação das instituições de ensino superior, o que ocasionou a instauração do ensino remoto. Em decorrência deste cenário atípico, as repentinas alterações exigiram adaptação imediata e compulsória por parte dos estudantes universitários, podendo predispor os futuros profissionais da área da saúde ao adoecimento mental. O presente artigo objetivou avaliar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns em acadêmicos da área da saúde e os indicadores de adaptação ao ensino remoto durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Como parte do método, realizou-se uma pesquisa transversal, com caráter exploratório e descritivo, com 211 acadêmicos (X ̅ = 24,4±6,8 anos) da área de saúde. Os achados revelam que os estudantes de Psicologia (45,9%) e Medicina (15,8%) apresentaram maiores níveis de transtornos mentais comuns em comparativo com os alunos das outras áreas, sendo ainda significativamente maior no sexo feminino (78,1%). Os resultados demostram que é necessário implementar projetos e ações voltadas para promoção de saúde mental nesses acadêmicos.
Comparison of the publicly available digital terrain model provided by the head office of geodesy and cartography with GNSS satellite measurement
Authors: Zygmunt Mariusz , Boduszek Wojciech
Published: May 2022

Due to the ever-better accessibility of the digital terrain model (DTM), it is enjoying growing popularity as a source of information about the surrounding world. It became even more approachable when DTM data covering the whole of Poland was made available free of charge on the Geoportal website. The GRID with a resolution of 1 meter per 1 meter covers virtually the entire country. The data on the Geoportal does not only refer to the measurements processed into a grid of squares, but also includes measurement data. They can be accessed through a systematic division into section sheets in the 1992 system. The paper presents research on assessing the accuracy of these publicly available data, compared to measurements obtained with the GNSS observations. The analysis involved data directly from the measurement device, not yet processed into a grid of squares. As part of the research, the height of 3 objects was compared. It was decided to measure the terrain profiles. To get as close as possible to the source data provided at the Geoportal website, the selected points of profiles previously identified in the point cloud were measured. This approach freed the final results from the need for height interpolation for the data selected for analysis. As result, the potential source of errors in such an approach was eliminated. Although during a classical profile measurement with this technology the selection of points would certainly be different, for research purposes this approach seems optimal. For this reason, in addition to the expected deviations resulting from the height differences of the tested points, deviations from the data from the point cloud of the XY coordinates, related to the adopted technology, are also presented.
Determination the silting rate of reservoirs in Thuringia on the example of Dachwig and Ohra reservoirs
Authors: Michalec Bogusław
Published: May 2022

The silting process of reservoirs limits their use. Predicting this process is important for economic reasons. The paper assesses the possibility of using the methods of forecasting the silting process developed in studies of small Polish reservoirs to determine this process in reservoirs in other geographical regions. This analysis covers the Dachwig and Ohra reservoirs, located in Thuringia, Germany. The forecast of silting was developed using the Gončarov formula according to the guidelines in force in Poland and following the empirical formula used to calculate the average annual silting. It allowed determining the rate of silting. Based on the results of calculations using the Gončarov formula, it was found that the degree of silting after 100 years of operation of the Dachwig and Ohra reservoirs will be 2.45% and 0.001%, respectively. The average annual silting rate calculated from these data was found to be lower than that calculated using the empirical formula. The limitation of the empirical formula is also the reason for obtaining higher values of the average annual silting degree, which was developed in studies of reservoirs with capacities smaller than 3.86 million m3. Thus, for the 2.1 million m3 Dachwig reservoir, a difference of 43% in results was obtained, while for the much larger 17.5 million m3 Ohra reservoir, results differing by as much as three times were obtained.
Analysis of the level of prices and number of transactions, and their dynamics on the housing real estate market – a case study in Katowice
Authors: Siejka Monika Maria , Słomiany, graduate student Konrad , Górak, PhD student Mariusz
Published: May 2022

The development of the real estate market necessitates a continuous need for analyses regarding the distribution of the number of transactions and level of transaction prices of real estate. This information is important for many market participants, such as investors, property owners, creditors, developers, as well as state and local government administration (for fiscal reasons). Transaction price data are systematically collected by administration units and are generally available to citizens. However, prices themselves do not provide sufficient information for the average user. Only when combined with geospatial data, they constitute complete and user-expected information. This publication analyses the distribution of unit transaction prices and the number of housing real estate transactions in the city of Katowice. A publicly available QGIS programme was used for the analysis. The results of the research proved the usefulness of the methodology used. Using the Voronoi diagram, the spatial distribution of the number of transactions in the studied area was presented. Using the methods of graphical data visualisation, the distribution of transaction prices in individual plats and the change in the distribution of transaction prices depending on the distance from the city centre were presented. In the case of the number of concluded transactions, plat 2 dominates, both on the primary and secondary market. In addition, in both cases, 2019 was the year with the most activity. Whereas, the highest transaction prices were recorded in 2020. In secondary trading, it was plat 14, and in primary trading – plat 3. The last year of the analysis is the period in which there was a large jump in prices, with a decrease in the number of transactions.
Characterisation of land unsuitable for agriculture and possibilities of its development in rural areas
Authors: Wójcik-Leń Justyna
Published: May 2022

Rural areas are influenced by many natural, social and economic factors. The historical conditions of social development, such as the rate of population growth, low yields and chronic food shortages, leading to the development of less useful areas with low production potential for agricultural purposes, have had an impact on the current state of rural areas. In addition, there is considerable fragmentation of agricultural land in these areas and a focus on production to meet farmers’ own needs. Scientific literature comprises many proposals to define agriculturally unsuitable land in relation to the marginal, problem or abandoned land. This depends mainly on the research discipline, the authors and the approach to the issue under discussion. This paper aims to review the terminology and characterisation of land unsuitable for agriculture in Poland and selected European and Asian countries. Moreover, studies have been conducted into the reasons for the expansion of these areas and the ways of their development (e.g., performing forestry functions, growing crops for energy purposes, promoting tourism and recreation as well as pedestrian or hippie bicycle routes, creating ecological areas, terracing the slopes), which in the result is the main priority of agricultural development and improvement of the spatial structure of farms. Realising the specific functions the presented land is intended for should determine the direction of changes in their alternative development. All solutions for the development of these areas should be managed with a necessary consideration of social, economic and environmental aspects.
Methods of revalorization of former geodetic measurement networks
Authors: Ślusarski Marek
Published: May 2022

Geodetic field measurements carried out in the past when establishing and updating the land registers were based directly on geodetic measurement networks. The accuracy parameters of these networks are lower compared to modern geodetic measurement networks. Currently, archival materials of the National Geodetic and Cartographic Resources are used in surveying works on real estate. The following paper presents and evaluates three methods of improving the accuracy parameters of former registry and measurement networks. The first method (I) involves transforming the coordinates of former network points into a current coordinate system based on the coordinates of the adjustment points. The second method (II) is based on a strict alignment of a geodetic network together with additional measurement of selected points to strengthen the network. The third method (III) consists of an inventory and measurement of all existing points of former geodetic networks and a strict alignment of the network to determine the coordinates of destroyed points. The effectiveness of the revaluation methods of former networks was assessed on the basis of experimental studies using data from test objects. Satisfactory results of the improvement of accuracy parameters of the network were achieved by the method (I) in those cases in which the ratio of the number of adjustment points to the total number of tested points was approx. 1/3. Similarly, for the method (III), satisfactory results can be achieved if approx. 30% of network points are used as additional control points. However, in the method (II), good results can be achieved if the percentage of searched-out points used as control points is only about 10% of all network points. Examining the complex surveying works (fieldwork and inhouse studies) has shown that both the method (I) and the method (II) of revaluation of geodetic networks have similar efficiency.
Analysis of the implementation of land consolidation and exchange in the villages of the Leżajsk district
Authors: Wójcik-Leń Justyna , Maciąg Klaudia , Maciąg Michał , Moskal Adrian , Moskal Kornelia , Leń Przemysław
Published: May 2022

Rural areas in Poland have a diversified spatial structure. The spatial structure of rural areas is improved by the procedures of land consolidation and exchange, aimed at creating more favourable management conditions in agriculture and forestry by developing the area structure of agricultural holdings, forests and forest lands, as well as rational shaping of land layouts and adjusting real estate boundaries to a system of land reclamation devices, roads and terrain. The Leżajsk district covers an area of 58,372 ha, including 40 cadastral precincts. So far, land consolidation has been performed in 29 villages, covering 46 113 ha, which is 79.0% of the total area of the district. Land consolidation in the Leżajsk district was carried out at various periods due to the changing legal regulations. The paper aims to present a chronological analysis of the land consolidation works conducted in the villages of the Leżajsk district, located in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in 1945–2013, along with anticipated and implemented land consolidation works in the years 2014–2020.
Effects of Different Heat Processing on Molecular Weight and Allergenicity Profile of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and Mud Crab (Scylla serrata) from Indonesian Waters
Authors: Arwani Afif , Palupi Nurheni Sri , Giriwono Puspo Edi
Published: May 2022

Shrimp and crab are fishery products with high nutritional value, especially as protein sources. However, they belong to the crustacean group known to cause many allergies in Southeast Asian countries. Not only affecting the nutritional composition, processing also has the potential in reducing the allergenicity of a food ingredient. This study aims to analyze the effects of various heat processing on nutrient composition, soluble protein content, protein molecular weight profile, and allergenicity of white shrimp and mud crab. The processing was carried out by boiling, frying, and autoclaving. Changes in macronutrient content were determined using proximate analysis. Soluble protein content was analyzed using the Bradford method, while molecular weight and allergenicity profiles were analyzed using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and ELISA techniques. Results showed that processing treatment could significantly reduce protein solubility. SDS-PAGE profile showed that heating shrimp and crab using autoclave at 121.1 oC and pressure of 0.2 MPa for 10 min was able to remove protein bands of 35-38 kDa, which were suspected as the allergen bands. However, boiling (100 oC for 10 min) and deep frying in palm oil (160 oC for 10 min) treatments of the samples gave stronger 35-38 kDa bands intensity than the unprocessed sample. Autoclaving was able to significantly reduce IgE reactivity to shrimp extract better than the boiling and frying process. In contrast, IgE reactivity of crab extract was increased by heat processing especially frying. Thus, autoclaving can be used in the white shrimp processing to produce hypoallergenic food.
A Comparative Study on Quality of Fermented Shrimp Paste (Terasi) of Pelagic Shrimp from Different Locations in Indonesia
Authors: Helmi Henny , Astuti Dea Indriani , Dungani Rudi , Aditiawati Pingkan
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine and compare the quality of Indonesian fermented shrimp paste (terasi) produced from pelagic marine shrimp using a traditional preservation method (fermentation, drying, and salting). The quality of fermented shrimp pastes from different locations in Indonesia (Sungsang district, South Sumatra; Toboali district, Bangka Belitung Islands; Indramayu, West Java; Tegal, Central Java; Madura, East Java; Bontang, East Kalimantan and Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara) was determined by evaluating its parameters (i.e., physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory). This study found that the fermented shrimp pastes quality differed among locations due to the processing method used (i.e., fermentation, salting, and drying), not the raw material characteristics, as indicated by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The first group (Sumatra and Sumbawa terasi samples) with a similar added salt percentage and length of fermentation resulted in similar pH, salinity, salty taste, and more preferred taste. The second group (Java and Kalimantan terasi samples) with similar lengths of first and second sun-drying resulted in similar chemical compositions such as higher protein content, lipid content, moisture content, total amino acid, and bitter taste. Terasi from Toboali  prepared using Acetes japonicus with 48 h of fermentation produced the most nutritious and preferred taste by the panelists.
Visualizing a Teaching: Sermon Scenes in Kucha
Authors: Zin Monika
Published: May 2022

Moving from text to art, this chapter seeks to explore the role of images and imagery through a study of one of the most interesting early Buddhist artistic sites. Nowhere else in the Buddhist world are so many narratives illustrated as in the cave temples in Kucha. Jātakas, conversion stories, venerations of the Buddha(s), praṇidhis, scenes from the Buddha’s life, particularly from the parinirvāṇa cycle, and Maitreya preaching in Tuṣita heaven – we find as many as 100 narrative representations in a single cave. The settings of depictions located indoors are preset, and they reoccur in the settled iconography. The jātakas are usually reduced to the single most dramatic moment of action. This is often also the case for scenes including the Buddha, but not for all. The sophisticated pictorial conventions make it possible to represent complex contents, even when the manner of depiction is very minimalistic. One pictorial unit can incorporate portrayals of the same person in different rebirths, or an illustration of the very narrative about which the Buddha, depicted in the same scene, is preaching. These considerations shed light on how images of narratives were being used at this key site, with wider implications for our study of Buddhist narrative art.
The Buddha as Spiritual Sovereign: Narrative Figurations of Knowledge and Power
Authors: Fiordalis David
Published: May 2022

Do narratives make arguments? We may respond intuitively that they do. What else do we call the moral of the story? Yet, scholars have also pointed out some basic differences between narratives and arguments. Narratives create storyworlds complete with characters performing actions and experiencing events in worlds of spatial and temporal extension; arguments give series of inter-related propositions. The differences suggest that, while narratives may make arguments, they do so differently from systematic forms of discourse. How then do narratives make arguments? This chapter will explore this broader question by looking more specifically at how certain Buddhist narratives enact the Buddha as a “spiritual sovereign,” a figure of extraordinary knowledge and power. It will argue that narrative figuration and metaphor – the way narratives create figurative representations and use visual imagery – play active roles in this process. In this way, not only can we understand better how narratives make arguments, particularly in this case by giving concrete shape to abstract conceptions of ideal beings and states of flourishing; we can also propose a stronger (and potentially more comprehensive) interpretation of certain historical developments in the Buddhist tradition, especially in regard to the relationship therein between the so-called “spiritual” and “temporal” domains.
Process, tools and agendas in LADO
Authors: Matras Yaron
Published: May 2022

After recapitulating my arguments about methodological flaws in the practices of the company Verified AB in language analysis for the determination of origin (LADO) in asylum procedures, I respond to criticisms of my proposals for an alternative protocol and review the relevance of qualifications, control samples, language variation and scales. I then discuss the interplay of professional competence, ideological bias and understandings of the task and demonstrate the pitfalls of the pre-set framing of the question of the applicants’ background.
Resolution of the XIX Convention of pediatricians of Russia with international participation “Actual problems of pediatrics”, March 5–7, 2022, Moscow
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2022

XIX Съезд педиатров России, в котором приняли участие более 12 300 делегатов (свыше 2200 очных и более 10 100 онлайн-участников), среди которых педиатры, детские специалисты, организаторы детского здравоохранения, а также ученые, обсудил актуальные проблемы охраны здоровья детей и принял следующую резолюцию.
Nutritional aspects of child health programming
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2022

В рамках XIX Съезда педиатров России активно обсуждаемыми темами стали нутритивные аспекты анатомо-физиологических особенностей (АФО) младенцев первого года жизни, правильный подбор лечебных смесей для младенцев, переносящих инфекции, а также фортификаторов грудного молока для недоношенных детей.
Pneumococcal vaccination for children and adults: advances and achievements
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: May 2022

Внедрение вакцинации от пневмококковой инфекции (ПИ) во всем мире позволило достичь значительного прогресса в профилактике пневмоний и отитов и внесло колоссальный вклад в снижение инвазивных форм ПИ.
Vaikų savarankiško gyvenimo įgūdžių ugdymasis bendruomeniniuose vaikų globos namuose: vaikų patirčių analizė
Authors: Raudeliūnaitė Rita , Gudžinskienė Vida
Published: May 2022

Straipsnyje pateikiami kokybinio tyrimo rezultatai, atskleidžiantys vaikų savarankiško gyvenimo įgūdžių ugdymąsi bendruomeniniuose vaikų globos namuose. Aptariamos savarankiško gyvenimo įgūdžių ugdymosi galimybės, susijusios su pasikeitusia fizine, socialine ir emocine globos namų aplinka, pasikeitusiu kasdienės veiklos organizavimu. Bendruomeniniuose globos namuose vaikai ugdosi buitinius, bendravimo ir bendradarbiavimo, asmeninius, sveikatai palankius, finansinio raštingumo, mokymosi ir profesinės karjeros įgūdžius.
Physalis ixocarpa: new species of genus physalis to the flora of Pakistan from mountainous region of district Shangla, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors: Khan W. , Gul B. , Uddin M. N. , Khan B. M. , Attacha S. , Zaman N.
Published: May 2022

Abstract In the western mountainous region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan at the Shangla district, we found Physalis ixocarpa for the first time, not yet reported from Pakistan. Physalis ixocarpa was unidentified and has no ethnobotanical record in the flora of Pakistan. It is a member of family Solanaceae and having a close relation with Solanum tuberosum and Lycopersicon esculentum. The stem is prostrate with a dichotomous pattern of branches having leaves flower and fruits. Leaves are smooth, ovate and the margins of leaf blade dentation are poorly developed. The average length and width of the leaves are 6.50 and 3.61 cm respectively. P. ixocarpa grows to the length of 4-5 feet and an annual herb. The flowers of the plants are yellow in color and having purple color spots on the petals which are star-shaped. The round berry fruits are surrounded by persistent calyx and purple in color. The fruits are the 3-6cm in diameter. The plants are found in the different localities of district Shangla especially in Bar and Koz Kana. The life cycle of reporting plant is started in May and completed in November.