bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypertension differentially impacts cognition in men and women in early midlife
Authors: Shields Hannah L. , Konishi Kyoko , Aroner Sarah , Aizley Harlyn , Remington Anne , Lee Hang , Buka Stephen , Goldstein Jill M.
Published: September 2022

The current study aimed to understand how sex differences in the timing of hypertension onset contribute to early midlife risk for cognitive decline that may differ by sex and whether sex‐dependent advantages in normotensive populations are influenced by the presence of hypertension. One hundred and ninety‐five adults aged 45–55 from the New England Family Study underwent neuropsychological testing to assess attention, executive function, and memory. Physician‐diagnosed hypertension status was self‐reported via questionnaire. Mid‐adulthood hypertension was associated with worse performance on measures of attention and memory, but the cognitive domains impacted varied by sex. Hypertension was associated with only attention in men, whereas in women it was associated with attention and associative and working memory. Sex differences in midlife cognitive performance found in normotensive adults were attenuated in those with hypertension. Our results underscore the importance of accounting for sex when assessing the impact of hypertension on midlife cognition that could be indicative of later decline and risk for cognitive impairment and dementia, given hypertension is an independent risk factor.
Patterns and predictors of site‐specific recurrence in cervical cancer after radical hysterectomy
Authors: Kato Tatsuya , Shimada Chisa , Kato Fumi , Okada‐Kanno Hiromi , Takeda Mahito , Endo Daisuke , Ihira Kei , Mitamura Takashi , Konno Yosuke , Sakuragi Noriaki , Watari Hidemichi
Published: September 2022

Aim

This study examines patterns and predictors of site‐specific recurrence to explore the causes of local recurrence of cervical cancer.

Methods

Radical hysterectomy was performed in 121 patients (stage IB–IIB). Nerve‐sparing was performed whenever possible. The first recurrence in local, regional, and distant areas was examined. We investigated the possibility of nerve involvement in local recurrence, focusing on paravaginal tissues containing the pelvic plexus. We provide Supporting Information on local recurrence in the paravaginal area.

Results

Local recurrence was an independent event from regional or distant recurrence. Local recurrence was seen only in high‐risk patients, while regional and distant recurrences were not or less related to the risk category. The independent risk factors by logistic regression for local, regional, and distant recurrence were parametrial invasion, vaginal invasion, and lymph node metastasis, respectively. Local recurrence showed a comparable or more significant negative impact on survival than distant recurrence. Among seven patients with local recurrences, five had a recurrence in the paravagina. The rate of paravaginal recurrence was one in 76 early‐stage and four in 45 locally advanced diseases. Four sites of paravaginal recurrence occurred on the nerve‐sparing side and two on the non‐nerve‐sparing side. Supporting Information demonstrated histological evidence of perineural spread into the pelvic plexus and perineural invasion of the primary tumor.

Conclusions

A high percentage of local recurrences are in paravaginal tissue containing the pelvic plexus. The causal association of nerve‐sparing surgery and perineural invasion with local recurrence needs to be investigated in large prospective studies.
LncRNA LAMTOR5‐AS1 sponges miR‐210‐3p and regulates cervical cancer progression
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Ziyi , Deng Yuping , Xiao Lingzhi , Zhang Keqiang
Published: September 2022

Aim

Cervical cancer has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and the incidence has shown a trend of younger age. Therefore, it is an effective method to regulate the progression of cervical cancer through new prognostic biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of lncRNA LAMTOR5‐AS1 (LAMTOR5‐AS1) as a prognostic biomarker and reveal its regulatory role in cervical cancer.

Methods

A total of 120 patients with cervical cancer were selected as research subjects to verify the prognostic effect of LAMTOR5‐AS1 in a series of experiments. The expression of LAMTOR5‐AS1 in cervical cancer tissues and cells was determined by polymerase chain reaction assay. The proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of cervical cancer cells were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and Transwell assay. Luciferase reporter gene detection was used to determine the mechanism of LAMTOR5‐AS1 targeting miR‐210‐3p, and to reflect the prognostic value of LAMTOR5‐AS1 according to statistical methods.

Results

LAMTOR5‐AS1 decreased in cervical cancer tissues, while miR‐210‐3p expression increased. In the study of cervical cancer cells, it was found that the LAMTOR5‐AS1 sponge miR‐210‐3p was associated with the malignant progression of cervical cancer. Overexpression of LAMTOR5‐AS1 could effectively inhibit the development of cervical cancer cells and might be chosen as a prognostic biomarker of cervical cancer.

Conclusions

LAMTOR5‐AS1 sponges miR‐210‐3p and modulates the progression of cervical cancer, which predict the prognosis of cervical cancer patients.
Safety ofCOVID‐19 vaccines in children with inborn errors of metabolism in terms of developing metabolic decompensation
Authors: Zubarioglu Tanyel , Oral‐Cebeci Sinem , Hopurcuoglu Duhan , Uygur Esma , Ahmadzada Saffa , Uzunyayla‐Inci Gözde , Oge‐Enver Ece , Akca Sedanur , Aghalarov Mirsaid , Yilmaz Gizem , Kiykim Ertugrul , Aktuglu‐Zeybek Cigdem
Published: September 2022

Aim

There are no recommended guidelines or clinical studies on safety of COVID‐19 vaccines in patients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs). Here, we aimed to examine the relationship between COVID‐19 vaccination and metabolic outcome in paediatric IEM patients.

Methods

Patients with IEM between the ages of 12 and 18 were enrolled. Term metabolic decompensation was defined as acute disruption in metabolic homeostasis due to vaccination. Clinical and biochemical markers were compared between pre‐ and post‐vaccination periods.

Results

Data from a total of 36 vaccination episodes in 18 patients were included. Thirteen patients had intoxication‐type metabolic disorders including organic acidemia (OA), urea cycle disorders (UCDs), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) and phenylketonuria (PKU); 4 patients had energy metabolism disorders including fatty acid metabolism disorders and LIPIN 1 deficiency; and 1 patient had glycogen storage disorder (GSD) type 5. Seventeen patients received BNT162b2, and 1 received CoronaVac because of an underlying long QT syndrome. Fatty acid metabolism disorders, LIPIN 1 deficiency and GSD type 5 were included in the same group named ‘metabolic myopathies’. In two PKU patients, plasma phenylalanine level increased significantly within 24 h following the second dose of vaccination. None of the OA, UCD, MSUD and metabolic myopathy patients experienced acute metabolic attack and had emergency department admission due to metabolic decompensation within 1 month after vaccination.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 vaccines did not cause acute metabolic decompensation in a cohort of 18 children with IEM.
Municipal bond sectoral risk and information intermediation in uncertain times: Evidence from the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yang Lang (Kate) , Winecoff Ruth
Published: September 2022

The municipal bond market is not homogeneous but consists of varying credits supporting different governmental activities. In this paper we discuss how sectors form and how they are differentially subject to market risks, using the Covid‐19 pandemic as a case study. The pandemic has disrupted all financial markets, particularly some municipal bond sectors supported by nongeneral obligation credits, such as health care, arts, and transportation. By comparing the sectors that face a greater increase in risk with others, we empirically examine the market uncertainty hypothesis that intermediation provides stronger certification value when sectoral risk increases. We find an increased use of insurance among high‐risk‐elevation bonds. Bond insurance, nevertheless, is not associated with larger reductions in offering yields in the high‐risk‐elevation sectors on average, but only for issuers consistently insuring all issuances. The yield difference between unrated and rated bonds expands more in the high‐risk‐elevation sectors; for an average unrated bond in such sectors, receiving any investment‐grade rating is associated with yield reductions.
Impacts of iron on phosphate starvation‐induced root hair growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xue Caiwen , Li Wenfeng , Shen Renfang , Lan Ping
Published: September 2022

In Arabidopsis, phosphate starvation (‐Pi)‐induced responses of primary root and lateral root growth are documented to be correlated with ambient iron (Fe) status. However, whether and how Fe participates in ‐Pi‐induced root hair growth (RHG) remains unclear. Here, responses of RHG to different Fe concentrations under Pi sufficiency/deficiency were verified. Generally, distinct dosage effects of Fe on RHG appeared at both Pi levels, due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Following analyses using auxin mutants and the phr1 mutant revealed that auxin and the central regulator PHR1 are required for Fe‐triggered RHG under −Pi. A further proteomic study indicated that processes of vesicle trafficking and auxin synthesis and transport were affected by Fe under −Pi, which were subsequently validated by using a vesicle trafficking inhibitor, brefeldin A, and an auxin reporter, R2D2. Moreover, vesicle trafficking‐mediated recycling of PIN2, an auxin efflux transporter, was notably affected by Fe under ‐Pi. Correspondingly, root hairs of pin2 mutant displayed attenuated responses to Fe under ‐Pi. Together, we propose that Fe affects auxin signalling probably by modulating vesicle trafficking, chiefly the PIN2 recycling, which might work jointly with PHR1 on modulating ‐Pi‐induced RHG.
Temporal dynamics of emotional processing: Parsing trial‐wise variance of the late positive potential using Generalizability Theory
Authors: Hill Kaylin E. , Haney Alison M. , Foti Dan , Aslinger Elizabeth , Thomas Katherine M. , Lane Sean P.
Published: September 2022

The reliability of individual trial event‐related potential (ERP) components extracted from electroencephalogram has been consistently questioned since ERP research began. This ambivalence is based on misunderstood assumptions stemming from Cronbach and Classical Test Theory. Contemporary methods allow for the reliability of individual ERP trials to be estimated and for analyses of these trial‐level ERP components to be meaningfully parsed. We illustrate the use of Generalizability Theory procedures in estimating the reliability of trial‐level ERPs using the late positive potential (LPP), a neural measure of motivated attention toward emotionally evocative stimuli. Individuals (N = 88) completed a passive viewing task while continuous EEG was recorded. Variability in trial‐level LPP responses was decomposed into facets corresponding to individual differences, chronological trial within block, stimulus type, their two‐way interactions, and specific stimuli. We estimated various reliability coefficients and found that both overall and category‐specific person‐level LPP estimates have good‐to‐excellent reliability, while the reliability of within‐person differences (i.e., change) between arousal categories was fair for the early LPP. These results were generally consistent across time windows, but were highest early in the LPP time course. We argue that investigating reliability using trial‐level data allows researchers to pursue hypotheses focused on neurophysiological dynamics that unfold over the course of an experiment and not risk false inferences (i.e., ecological fallacy) when using person‐level aggregates to deduce such processes. Moreover, such analyses provide information that allows researchers to optimize their protocols by potentially reducing the number of individual trials, burden on participants, and cost, while retaining sufficient reliability.
A Novel Patient-Specific Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of the Activation of Primary Collateral Pathways in the Circle of Willis During Vasospasm
Authors: Straccia Angela , Chassagne Fanette , Bass David I. , Barros Guilherme , Leotta Daniel F. , Sheehan Florence , Sharma Deepak , Levitt Michael R. , Aliseda Alberto
Published: September 2022

The Circle of Willis (CoW) is a redundant network of blood vessels that perfuses the brain. The ringlike anatomy mitigates the negative effects of stroke by activating collateral pathways that help maintain physiological perfusion. Previous studies have investigated the activation of these pathways during embolic stroke and internal carotid artery occlusion. However, the role of collateral pathways during cerebral vasospasm—an involuntary constriction of blood vessels after subarachnoid hemorrhage—is not well-documented. This study presents a novel technique to create patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the Circle of Willis before and during vasospasm. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) scans are segmented to model the vasculature, and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) measurements of blood flow velocity are applied as boundary conditions. Bayesian analysis leverages information about the uncertainty in the measurements of vessel diameters and velocities to find an optimized parameter set that satisfies mass conservation and that is applied in the final simulation. With this optimized parameter set, the diameters, velocities, and flow rates fall within typical literature values. Virtual angiograms modeled using passive scalar transport agree closely with clinical angiography. A sensitivity analysis quantifies the changes in collateral flow rates with respect to changes in the inlet and outlet flow rates. This analysis can be applied in the future to a cohort of patients to investigate the relationship between the locations and severities of vasospasm, the patient-to-patient anatomical variability in the Circle of Willis, and the activation of collateral pathways.
Stagnation Point Heat Transfer to an Axisymmetric Impinging Jet at Transition to Turbulence
Authors: Antošová Zuzana , Trávníček Zdeněk
Published: September 2022

A round air jet issuing from a long straight pipe and impinging perpendicularly onto a heated flat plate was investigated experimentally. The Reynolds number (Re) covered the fully laminar, transitional, and fully turbulent regimes—Re = 850–15,400. The main focus of this investigation was the transition regime, which occurred at Re = 2250–3010. Various measurements were recorded during the experiments using a hot-wire anemometer, an infrared thermometer, and a thermopile heat flux sensor; the mass transfer was measured using the naphthalene sublimation technique. The stagnation point heat transfer was correlated to the laminar and turbulent regimes in the form of the stagnation point Nusselt number, Nu0 = CRemPr0.4, where the exponent m = 0.50 and 0.55, respectively. The Nu0–Re relationship exhibited nonmonotonic behavior (decrease) in the transition regime. Two counteracting mechanisms occur during transition—jet core shortening and an increase in velocity fluctuation; the former reduces Nu0, whereas the latter increases it.
Design Under Uncertainties of the Thermal Ablation Treatment of Skin Cancer
Authors: Ferreira Luiz Fernando Silva , Bermeo Varon Leonardo Antonio , Orlande Helcio Rangel Barreto , Lamien Bernard
Published: September 2022

This computational work deals with the optimal design of the thermal ablation treatment of skin cancer, by considering uncertainties in the model parameters. The tumor and other tissues were heated by a laser. Nanoparticles were used to improve the effects of the heating procedure and to promote thermal damage localized in the region containing the tumor. Treatment protocols examined in this work involved one single heating session with different prespecified durations, where the design variables were considered as the volume fraction of nanoparticles in the epidermis and tumor, as well as the time variation of the incident laser fluence rate. The optimal design problems were solved with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, by applying a modified version of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm with sampling by blocks of parameters. The two parameter blocks were given by the properties of the tissues and by the design variables. The prior for the volume fraction of nanoparticles was given by a truncated Gaussian distribution, while a noninformative Gaussian Markov random field prior was used for the time variation of the laser fluence rate. The posterior distributions of the design variables were estimated by taking into account uncertainties in the model parameters and the desired statistical distribution of the thermal damage in the region of interest. The stochastic simulations resulted in optimal thermal damages with small uncertainties, which closely followed their desired statistical distribution functions.
A Study on Fundamental Combustion Properties of Trimethyl Orthoformate: Experiments and Modeling
Authors: Ngũgĩ John Mbũrũ , Richter Sandra , Braun-Unkhoff Marina , Naumann Clemens , Riedel Uwe
Published: September 2022

Trimethyl orthoformate (TMOF: HC(OCH3)3) has recently been examined as a viable biofuel. TMOF is a branched isomer of oxymethylene ether-2 (OME2) that, due to its high oxygen content and lack of direct carbon-carbon bonds, considerably reduces the formation of soot particles. To meet the challenges of a more flexible and sustainable power generation, a detailed understanding of its combustion properties is essential for its safe and efficient utilization, neat or in blends. In this work, two fundamental combustion properties of TMOF were studied: (i) Auto-ignition of TMOF/synthetic air mixtures (φ = 1.0; diluted 1:5 with N2) using the shock tube method at pressures of 1, 4, and 16 bar, and (ii) Laminar burning velocities of TMOF/air mixtures using the cone angle method at ambient and elevated pressures of 3 and 6 bar. Furthermore, the impact of TMOF addition to a gasoline surrogate (PRF90) on ignition delay times was studied using the shock tube method at φ = 1.0, 1:5 dilution with N2, T = 900–2000 K, and at 4 bar. The experimental data sets have been compared with predictions of the in-house chemical kinetic reaction mechanism (DLR concise mechanism) developed for interpreting the high-temperature combustion of a broad spectrum of different hydrocarbon fuels as well as oxygenated fuels, including TMOF. The results demonstrate that the ignition delay times of TMOF and OME2 are nearly identical for all pressures studied in the moderate-to high-temperature region. The results obtained for the blend indicate that ignition delay times of the TMOF/PRF90 blend are shorter than those of the primary reference fuel 90 (PRF90) at 4 bar. In the lean-to stoichiometric region, the results obtained for laminar burning velocities of TMOF and OME2 are similar. However, in the fuel-rich domain (φ > 1.0), laminar burning velocities for TMOF are noticeably lower, indicating a decreased reactivity. The model predictions based on the in-house model reveal a good agreement compared to the measured data within the experimental uncertainty ranges. In addition, sensitivity analyses regarding ignition delay times and laminar flame speeds were performed to better understand TMOF oxidation.
Component Tests and Numerical Investigations to Determine the Lifetime and Failure Behavior of End Stage Blades
Authors: Frank Lukas , Weihe Stefan
Published: September 2022

The paper focuses on experimental and numerical fatigue assessment procedures to evaluate the influence of multi-axial stress state caused by high centrifugal forces superimposed with bending loads due to blade vibrations on the lifetime of end stage blades from steam turbines. The experimental investigations on original-sized end stage blades were carried out on a test rig specially developed for high forces and multicomponent force application. This was based on detailed numerical simulations by the MPA University of Stuttgart. During the fractographic postexaminations of the tested blades using magnetic particle inspection, light and scanning electron microscopes, two competing damage mechanisms were identified that occurred at different locations. Numerical investigations by means of elastic–plastic finite element analyses were carried out to estimate the local stress conditions acting in the blade root. The local stresses and strains were postprocessed using the critical plane approach and advanced multi-axial fatigue damage parameters. Due to the high stress gradients at the edge of contact, over-conservative predictions may result if their effects are not taken into account. Based on the critical plane method in conjunction with fatigue damage parameters, an approach taking the stress gradient into consideration was developed to predict the fatigue life of the end stage blades. The approach is verified by the component tests on original-sized blades.
Electric discharge initiation in water with gas bubbles: A time scale approach
Authors: Sponsel Nicholas L. , Gershman Sophia , Herrera Quesada Maria J. , Mast Jacob T. , Stapelmann Katharina
Published: September 2022

High voltage nanosecond pulse driven electric discharges in de-ionized water with an argon bubble suspended between two electrodes were experimentally investigated. Two electrode configurations were used to temporally resolve the time scales of the discharge from the applied voltage rise time (7 ns), through the end of the first pulse (∼30 ns), and longer (>50 ns). We found that, in positive and negative applied voltage polarities, discharge initiates in the water at the tip of the anode. The discharge in the water rapidly extends (∼104 m/s) to the apex of the bubble and light emitted from inside the bubble begins to form. The steep rate of rise of the applied voltage (dV/dt<4 kV/ns) and the short time for the development of discharge in the water suggest that cavitation is a likely mechanism for discharge initiation and propagation in water. In addition, the short duration of the applied voltage pulse results in only a partial Townsend discharge inside the bubble.
Promotion of superconductivity in magic-angle graphene multilayers
Authors: Zhang Yiran , Polski Robert , Lewandowski Cyprian , Thomson Alex , Peng Yang , Choi Youngjoon , Kim Hyunjin , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Alicea Jason , von Oppen Felix , Refael Gil , Nadj-Perge Stevan
Published: September 2022

Graphene moiré superlattices show an abundance of correlated insulating, topological, and superconducting phases. Whereas the origins of strong correlations and nontrivial topology can be directly linked to flat bands, the nature of superconductivity remains enigmatic. We demonstrate that magic-angle devices made of twisted tri-, quadri-, and pentalayer graphene placed on monolayer tungsten diselenide exhibit flavor polarization and superconductivity. We also observe insulating states in the tril- and quadrilayer arising at finite electric displacement fields. As the number of layers increases, superconductivity emerges over an enhanced filling-factor range, and in the pentalayer it extends well beyond the filling of four electrons per moiré unit cell. Our results highlight the role of the interplay between flat and more dispersive bands in extending superconducting regions in graphene moiré superlattices.
Immunogenic Modification of Ligilactobacillus agilis by Specific Amino Acid Substitution of Flagellin
Authors: Kajikawa Akinobu , Eguchi Naoto , Suzuki Shunya
Published: September 2022

The interactions between gut microbes and immune cells play an important role in the health and disease of hosts.
Ligilactobacillus agilis
is a flagellated commensal bacterium found in the gut of mammals and birds. However, the flagellin proteins of
L. agilis
are immunologically attenuated and barely induce TLR5-dependent inflammation, unlike the flagellins of several pathogenic bacteria.
Effects of Water Loss Stress under Tidal Effects on the Epiphytic Bacterial Community of
Sargassum thunbergii
in the Intertidal Zone
Authors: Sun Tao , Yang Zhibo , Chen Jun , Li Yang , Wang Jing , Wang Xiya , Tang Xuexi , Xiao Hui
Published: September 2022

Periodic water loss caused by the tide is an important environmental factor that is faced by intertidal macroalgae, but the impact of periodic water loss on the epiphytic bacterial communities associated with macroalgae is still unknown. Through this study, we found that the diversity, the relative abundance of dominant taxa, the indicator species, and the abundance of the predicted functional genes in the epiphytic bacteria on
S. thunbergii
changed with the time of water loss.
Emerging of Multidrug-Resistant Cronobacter sakazakii Isolated from Infant Supplementary Food in China
Authors: Gan Xin , Li Menghan , Xu Jin , Yan Shaofei , Wang Wei , Li Fengqin
Published: September 2022

As a foodborne pathogen,
Cronobacter
can cause serious infections in restricted populations and lead to death or chronic sequelae. Although a number of investigations showed that
Cronobacter
isolates are susceptible to most antimicrobial agents, MDR
Cronobacter
isolates, isolated mainly from clinical cases but occasionally from foods, have been reported in recent years.
Interaction of HDAC2 with SARS-CoV-2 NSP5 and IRF3 Is Not Required for NSP5-Mediated Inhibition of Type I Interferon Signaling Pathway
Authors: Naik Nenavath Gopal , Lee See-Chi , Veronese Beatriz H. S. , Ma Zhe , Toth Zsolt
Published: September 2022

SARS-CoV-2 has developed multiple strategies to antagonize the host antiviral response, such as blocking the IFN signaling pathway, which favors the replication and spreading of the virus. A recent SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction mapping revealed that the main viral protease NSP5 interacts with the host epigenetic factor HDAC2, but the interaction was not confirmed experimentally and its biological importance remains unclear.
Moscow Clerical Culture of the 14th–15th Centuries: Development Trajectory
Authors: Gryaznov A.
Published: September 2022

The evolution of clerical work and the development of the administrative apparatus in the Moscow principality from the 14th century to the early 16th century are discussed. A characteristic feature of the Muscovite state, the basis of its administrative apparatus, was the prikaz system. Of interest is the stage of its “hidden” functioning, the period of its origin, and the causes and prerequisites for its appearance. The forerunners of the state apparatus of the Muscovite period were the princely treasury and the chancellery. The study of the activities of these institutions and their evolution can go in two directions: an analysis of their direct product, that is, the documents originating from these chancelleries, or clarification of the biographies of the employees of chancelleries and their areas of competence, social ties, and status. The systematization of this information shows that the development of clerical work in Moscow was more intensive than in the other principalities of the region. During the 14th–15th centuries, significant changes took place in almost all areas related to clerical work. Some of the innovations were accepted in the chancelleries of other principalities, some were never implemented. The key to Moscow’s success in the struggle for dominance in Northeastern Russia was the intensive search for new solutions that increased the efficiency of clerical work, information protection, and attention to the distribution of areas of competence and specialization. During the 14th–15th centuries we see the examples of the implementation and use of various certification technologies and options for improving or optimizing clerical work processes. The appearance of paper in Russia was the key moment, the starting point for the implementation of these experiments and the introduction of innovations. Cheap writing material made it possible to benefit more than in the past from the expansion of controlled territories. Taken together, all the consequences of the emergence of paper and increased management efficiency led to the dominance of the Kalitovichs in Northeastern Russia and the creation of a strong, effective regular state.
The First Campaign of Ivan III to Novgorod in 1471
Authors: Kuchkin V. A.
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the alignment of political forces in Novgorod on the eve and during the campaign of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III is considered. The author points to the rivalry of the pro-Moscovian and pro-Lithuanian groups existing in various social strata within the Novgorod archdiocese and among the Novgorod aristocracy and “zhitny” people.
—In this paper, the relationship between Moscow and Novgorod from the late 1450s to the early 1470s is studied. Based on new sources introduced by the author of this paper, it is established that the accession of Pskov, a “younger brother” of Novgorod, to Moscow did not take place in 1510, as stated in modern historiography, but in occurred in 1460. This radically changes the estimation of situation in Eastern Europe in the years 1460–1470. The transition of Pskov to under the rule of Moscow meant that a new and very large ruler appeared in the western lands of Russia, who could pose a threat to close states, such as Lithuania, Novgorod, and the Teutonic Order. The loss of Pskov influenced the position of Novgorod, which refused to pay the “black duty” as a tribute to the Golden Horde khans taking advantage of the illness of Grand Duke Vasilii II. The current situation threatened a big war. Both Novgorod and Moscow were looking for new allies. Moscow managed to neutralize at least the Livonian part of the Teutonic Order and the Golden Horde of Khan Akhmat. Novgorod was forced to enter into vassal relations with Casimir IV, King of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The transition of Novgorod from the power of Ivan III to the power of Casimir IV took place in the late autumn of 1470, but in the spring of 1471 the Moscow prince, having gathered great forces, began a war with Novgorod, in which he was supported by many Novgorodians who were economically connected with Moscow. The Novgorodians, having been defeated on the Shelon and Northern Dvina rivers, turned to Casimir IV for help, but their embassy was not allowed to visit him in Livonia. Left without military support, the Novgorodians went to peace. The Korostyn Treaty of August 11, 1471, prohibited Novgorod’s relations with Lithuanian princes and placed local courts under the control of Ivan III.
Postcapitalism: From Consumer Individualism to Expressive Individualism?
Authors: Davydov D. A.
Published: September 2022

It is proposed to consider the transition to postcapitalism not as the struggle of the oppressed for a more just and equal society without class antagonisms but as a process of gradual displacement of consumer individualism by expressive individualism. Within the framework of this perspective, postcapitalism is not a fundamentally new socioeconomic system built on the ruins of capitalism but a set of social relations developing with the gradual deactualization of materialistic values for a significant part of the population (material wealth, money, etc.) and the growing importance of postmaterialistic values (self-realization, the search for the true self, etc.). In this sense, many phenomena associated with modern identity politics can be attributed to postcapitalism. Nevertheless, this article criticizes the perception of identity politics as a set of strategies and ways of fighting for equality and justice, presented as an approximation to the ideals of socialism or communism (the so-called overcoming of “systemic oppression”). Today, the struggle for diverse identities testifies to the triumph of individualism, as well as a new round of the “war of all against all” and the destruction of the common lifeworld.
Development of the Chinese A2/AD System in the Context of US–China Relations
Authors: Yevtodyeva M. G.
Published: September 2022

In recent years, the growing arms race between the United States and China has begun to affect almost all areas of the offensive and defensive military potential of the two countries. One of its key directions is the development of the Chinese anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) system, aimed at blocking enemy’s military actions, information tools, and capabilities in various zones of the theater of operations, as well as the US response to counter this strategy. The Chinese A2/AD concept and its correlation with the doctrine of development of the Chinese Armed Forces are analyzed. Additionally, based on systematic analysis and analysis of sources and statistical data, the dynamics of strengthening the main elements of China’s A2/AD system over the past decade is discussed, including high-precision missiles, ground and air defense systems, fourth-generation tactical aircraft, electronic warfare, antisatellite weapons, and cyberwarfare. Several conclusions are made as to the effect of these processes on the US doctrines and principles of deploying forces in the Asia–Pacific region.
Unusual manifestation of methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder as a palatal mass
Authors: Watanabe Takuma , Teratani Yukina
Published: September 2022

Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD) can occur in the oral cavity, and only a few cases with palatal involvement have been reported. Chemotherapy may be needed if there is no remission after the withdrawal of MTX. We report a case of MTX-LPD presenting with a swelling of the palate that required chemotherapy. A woman in her 70s with rheumatoid arthritis reported a swelling on the left side of the palate. Her condition was diagnosed as Epstein-Barr virus-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (MTX-LPD). Since the mass did not remit after MTX withdrawal, she underwent five courses of chemotherapy. Currently, the patient is in complete remission. In patients on MTX who develop a swelling on the palate, MTX-LPD should be included among the differential diagnostic possibilities. Diagnosis and treatment of MTX-LPD call for consultation with a haematologist. If the mass fails to regress following withdrawal of MTX, appropriate chemotherapy is indicated.
Musculoskeletal injury in military specialists: a 2-year retrospective study
Authors: Hayhurst Debra , Warner M , Stokes M , Fallowfield J
Published: September 2022

Background

Military specialists are elite personnel who are trained to work across diverse operational environments where a high level of physical conditioning is a prerequisite for their role. Anecdotally, personnel are acknowledged to be at high risk of developing musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs). However, there are presently no published data on this UK military population to support this view. This is the first (2-year) retrospective epidemiological study to identify the MSKI sustained by this military population.

Methods

All MSKI reported over a 2-year period (January 2018–December 2019) were recorded to identify the incidence, frequency, nature, onset, cause, location and reporting times. Injuries were described using injury count and relative frequency (percentage). Time at risk for each personnel day was calculated as 365 days.

Results

A total of 199 personnel reported 229 injuries over the reporting periods. The injury incidence rates were 26.8 personnel per 100 person years (2018) and 27.7 personnel per 100 person years (2019), respectively. Military training accounted for the highest number of injuries (32%), followed by ‘other injuries’ (28%), personal training (28%) and sport (12%). The leading activity associated with injury was weight training (15%), followed by running (11%) and military exercise (10%). Lower extremity injuries accounted for the highest number of injuries (40%), followed by trunk (36%) and upper extremity (24%) injuries.

Conclusion

This study identifies the MSKI profile of a military specialist population over a 2-year period. Areas where modifiable risk factors may be identified to reduce risk of injury are highlighted. Recommendations for further research include investigating injury burden and the impact of injury on operational readiness.
Advertising expenditures across media on food and beverage products heavily advertised on youth-appealing television stations in Canada
Authors: Potvin Kent Monique , Pauzé Elise , Bagnato Mariangela , Guimarães Julia Soares , Pinto Adena , Remedios Lauren , Pritchard Meghan , L'Abbé Mary , Mulligan Christine , Vergeer Laura , Weippert Madyson
Published: September 2022

This research estimated and characterized advertising expenditures on food products heavily advertised on youth-appealing television stations in Canada in 2019 overall, by media, by food category, and compared expenditures in two policy environments (Quebec and the rest of Canada, excluding the territories) and on “healthier” versus “less healthy” products. Advertising expenditure estimates for 57 selected food categories promoted on television, radio, out-of-home media, print media, and popular websites were licensed from Numerator. Sixty-one products or brands were identified as heavily advertised on youth-appealing stations and classified as “healthier” or “less healthy” based on a nutrient profile model proposed by Health Canada. Total expenditures and expenditures per adolescent capita were calculated. Approximately, $110.9 million was spent advertising food products heavily advertised to adolescents in Canada in 2019, with television accounting for 77% of total expenditures and fast food restaurants accounting for 51%. Most expenditures (77%; $80.6 million) were devoted to advertising “less healthy” products. In Quebec, advertising expenditures on examined products were 23% lower per capita ($45.15/capita) compared to the rest of Canada ($58.44/capita). Advertising expenditures in Quebec were lower for energy drinks (−47%; −$0.80/capita) and candy and chocolate (−41%; −$1.00/capita) and higher for yogurt (+85%; +$1.22/capita) and portable snacks (+25%; +$0.15/capita). Quebec's restriction of commercial advertising directed to children under 13 may explain lower per capita advertising expenditures on some “less healthy” foods heavily advertised to adolescents in Quebec. Nevertheless, this spending remains high in Quebec and nationally. Continued monitoring of these expenditures is warranted.
Turing Pattern Dynamics in an SI Epidemic Model with Superdiffusion
Authors: Sarker Ronobir Chandra , Sahani Saroj Kumar
Published: September 2022

In this article, we have applied the Weyl differential operator in an epidemic model with the standard incidence rate to study pattern formation among species with superdiffusive movement in space. A thorough linear stability analysis predicts the various Turing pattern regions. Further, the analysis shows the relationship between the wavenumber of the Turing pattern and the superdiffusive exponent, which are supported by numerical results. A Fourier spectral method in space and a fourth-order exponential time differentiating Runge–Kutta method are used for numerical simulation. Simulations are done for the Turing pattern regions for 2D and 3D problems, showing the only quantitative change in patterns for varying superdiffusive exponents.
Dynamic Effects of a MCNN-CS Under Electromagnetic Induction and Its Application
Authors: Zhang Fengqing , Shi Hang , Ji’e Musha , Wang Lidan , Duan Shukai
Published: September 2022

Cellular neural network (CNN) is one of the best artificial neural network models due to its hardware implementability and many applications for image processing. The memristor-based cellular neural network (MCNN) combines the distinct benefits of memristors and neural networks, and it excels in mimicking chaotic systems under the effect of electromagnetic induction. In this work, a novel CNN chaotic system based on a flux-controlled memristor (MCNN-CS) with electromagnetic induction effects is constructed. Dynamical behaviors are examined by controlling the magnetic flux leakage strength and the intensity of the electromagnetic induction related to the memristor. Based on stability analyses and numerical simulation, forward and reverse period-doubling bifurcations, various coexisting attractors, multiperiods, chaos, several periodic windows, and chaotic crisis are observed. Besides, a number of complicated phenomena, including transient chaos, intermittent chaos, sustained chaos and bistability are also observed, demonstrating that this chaotic system has a wide range of dynamic properties. Finally, we generate pseudo-random number sequences based on this new system and apply them to image encryption. The obtained results show that this chaotic system offers superior randomness and is hence appropriate for image encryption applications.
Relaxation Oscillations and Canard Explosion of a Leslie–Gower Predator–Prey System with Addictive Allee Effect
Authors: Li Ke , Li Shimin , Wu Kuilin
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we consider the properties of a Leslie–Gower predator–prey system under two basic assumptions that the prey growth is affected by an addictive Allee effect, and the intrinsic growth rate of prey is much bigger than that of predator. Using the geometric singular perturbation theory and blow up technique, we show that this system can have rich dynamics, such as subcritical Hopf bifurcation, canard explosion and relaxation oscillations. Numerical simulations are also carried out to validate our analytical results.
Abstract key polynomials and MacLane-Vaquié chains
Authors: Mavi Sneha , Bishnoi Anuj
Published: September 2022

In this paper, for a valued field [Formula: see text] of arbitrary rank and an extension [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] a relation between induced complete sequences of abstract key polynomials and MacLane-Vaquié chains is given.
Discrete representations of orbit structures of flows for topological data analysis
Authors: Sakajo Takashi , Yokoyama Tomoo
Published: September 2022

This paper shows that the topological structures of particle orbits generated by a generic class of vector fields on spherical surfaces, called the flow of finite type, are in one-to-one correspondence with discrete structures such as trees/graphs and sequences of letters. The flow of finite type is an extension of structurally stable Hamiltonian vector fields, which appear in many theoretical and numerical investigations of two-dimensional (2D) incompressible fluid flows. Moreover, it contains compressible 2D vector fields such as the Morse–Smale vector fields and the projection of 3D vector fields onto 2D sections. The discrete representation is not only a simple symbolic identifier for the topological structure of complex flows, but it also gives rise to a new methodology of topological data analysis for flows when applied to data brought by measurements, experiments, and numerical simulations of complex flows. As a proof of concept, we provide some applications of the representation theory to 2D compressible vector fields and a 3D vector field arising in an industrial problem.
A User-Centric Analysis of Social Media for Stock Market Prediction
Authors: Bouadjenek Mohamed Reda , Sanner Scott , Wu Ga
Published: September 2022

Social media platforms such as Twitter or StockTwits are widely used for sharing stock market opinions between investors, traders, and entrepreneurs. Empirically, previous work has shown that the content posted on these social media platforms can be leveraged to predict various aspects of stock market performance. Nonetheless, actors on these social media platforms may not always have altruistic motivations and may instead seek to influence stock trading behavior through the (potentially misleading) information they post. While a lot of previous work has sought to analyze how social media can be used to predict the stock market, there remain many questions regarding the quality of the predictions and the behavior of active users on these platforms. To this end, this article seeks to address a number of open research questions: Which social media platform is more predictive of stock performance? What posted content is actually predictive, and over what time horizon? How does stock market posting behavior vary among different users? Are all users trustworthy or do some user’s predictions consistently mislead about the true stock movement? To answer these questions, we analyzed data from Twitter and StockTwits covering almost 5 years of posted messages spanning 2015 to 2019. The results of this large-scale study provide a number of important insights among which we present the following: (i) StockTwits is a more predictive source of information than Twitter, leading us to focus our analysis on StockTwits; (ii) on StockTwits, users’ self-labeled sentiments are correlated with the stock market but are only slightly predictive in aggregate over the short-term; (iii) there are at least three clear types of temporal predictive behavior for users over a 144 days horizon: short, medium, and long term; and (iv) consistently incorrect users who are reliably wrong tend to exhibit what we conjecture to be “botlike” post content and their removal from the data tends to improve stock market predictions from self-labeled content.
Machine Learning Based Framework for Fast Resource Estimation of RTL Designs Targeting FPGAs
Authors: Li Benzheng , Zhang Xi , You Hailong , Qi Zhongdong , Zhang Yuming
Published: September 2022

Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have grown to be an important platform for integrated circuit design and hardware emulation. However, with the dramatic increase in design scale, it has become a key challenge to partition very large scale integration into multi-FPGA systems. Fast estimation of FPGA on-chip resource usage for individual sub-circuit blocks early in the circuit design flow will provide an essential basis for reasonable circuit partition. It will also help FPGA designers to tune the circuits in hardware description language. In this article, we propose a framework for fast estimation of the on-chip resources consumed by register transfer level (RTL) designs with machine learning methods. We extensively collect RTL designs as a dataset, extract features from the result of a parser tool and analyze their roles, and train a targeted three-stage ensemble learning model. A 5,513× speedup is achieved while having 27% relative absolute error. Although the effect is sufficient to support RTL circuit partition, we discuss how the estimation quality continues to be improved.