bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new fractal-theory-based criterion for hydrological model calibration
Authors: Bai Zhixu , Wu Yao , Ma Di , Xu Yue-Ping
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Fractality has been found in many areas and has been used to describe the internal features of time series. But is it possible to use fractal theory to improve the performance of hydrological models? This study aims at investigating the potential benefits of applying fractal theory in model calibration. A new criterion named the ratio of fractal dimensions (RD) is defined as the ratio of the fractal dimensions of simulated and observed streamflow series. To combine the advantages of fractal theory with
classical criteria based on squared residuals, a multi-objective calibration strategy is designed. The selected classical criterion is the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (E). The E–RD strategy is tested in three study cases with different climates and geographies. The results reveal that, in most aspects, introducing RD into model calibration makes the simulation of streamflow components more reasonable. Also, pursuing a better RD during calibration leads to only a small decrease in E. We therefore recommend choosing the parameter set with the best E among the parameter sets with RD values of around 1.
Time lags of nitrate, chloride, and tritium in streams assessed by dynamic groundwater flow tracking in a lowland landscape
Authors: Kaandorp Vince P. , Broers Hans Peter , van der Velde Ype , Rozemeijer Joachim , de Louw Perry G. B.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Surface waters are under pressure from diffuse pollution from agricultural activities, and groundwater is known to be a connection between the agricultural fields and streams. This paper is one of the first to calculate long-term in-stream concentrations of tritium, chloride, and
nitrate using dynamic groundwater travel time distributions (TTDs) derived
from a distributed, transient, 3D groundwater flow model using forward
particle tracking. We tested our approach in the Springendalse Beek
catchment, a lowland stream in the east of the Netherlands, for which we
collected a long time series of chloride and nitrate concentrations (1969–2018). The Netherlands experienced a sharp decrease in concentrations of solutes leaching to groundwater in the 1980s due to legislations on the application of nitrogen to agricultural fields. Stream measurements of chloride and nitrate showed that the corresponding trend reversal in the groundwater-fed stream occurred after a time lag of 5–10 years. By combining calculated TTDs with the known history of nitrogen and chloride inputs, we found that the variable contribution of different groundwater flow paths to stream water quality reasonably explained the majority of long-term and seasonal variation in the measured stream nitrate concentrations. However, combining only TTDs and inputs underestimated the time lag between the peak in nitrogen input and the following trend reversal of nitrate in the stream. This feature was further investigated through an exploration of the model behaviour under different scenarios. A time lag of several years, and up to decades, can occur due to (1) a thick unsaturated zone adding a certain travel time, (2) persistent organic matter with a slow release of N in the unsaturated zone, (3) a long mean travel time (MTT) compared to the rate of the reduction in nitrogen application, (4) areas with a high application of nitrogen (agricultural fields) being located further away from the stream or drainage network, or (5) a higher presence of nitrate attenuating processes close to the stream or drainage network compared to the rest of the catchment. By making the connection between dynamic groundwater travel time distributions and in-stream concentration measurements, we provide a method for validating the travel time approach and make the step towards application in water quality modelling and management.
QUALITY INSPECTION FOR BLOCK ADJUSTMENT OF THE ZY3 STEREO SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Tu H. J. , Zhao Y. , Guo J. , Zhou J. , Dou S. B. , Chen C. X.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. 3D modeling and DEM results have played an important role in economic construction, national defense construction, social development, and ecological protection. And the regional network adjustment is the basic work of DEM, and 3D modeling. In order to ensure the quality of the following results, this paper selects the regional network adjustment results of the ZY3 stereo satellite image and puts forward the test method of the regional network adjustment results from the inspection content. Meanwhile, the northwest of Africa is selected as the test area, and the inspection contents and methods proposed in this paper are verified. The inspection results show that the quality problems existing in the adjustment results of the regional network can be effectively checked. It has a certain reference function to the quality problem of the production process.
RESEARCH ON QUALITY FRAMEWORK OF REAL SCENE 3D MODEL BASED ON OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Xu Y. M. , Zhang J. X. , Zhao H. T. , Chen C. X. , Mao W. J.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. With the development of real 3D model production technology and the expansion of application field, people pay more and more attention to the quality of real 3D model. However, how to measure the quality of today's real 3D model have been bothering its producers and users. In this paper, we analysed the quality model of real scene 3D model based on oblique photography from the perspective of the third party. Our analysis is guided by the application requirements of real scene 3D model, combined with the existing production technology level. Our analysis is guided by the application requirements of real scene 3D model, combined with the existing production technology level, we established the quality framework of real scene 3D model. This quality framework of real 3D model includes nine quality elements. Using this quality framework, we made a quality evaluation test in Yingjing County, Sichuan Provence. The test results show that the quality framework can fully reflect the quality of the real scene 3D model. The quality framework of real scene 3D model established in this paper solves the problem that it is difficult to evaluate the quality of real scene 3D model. The quality framework provides a basis for comprehensive and objective evaluation of real scene 3D model quality.
LONG-TERM MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ALONG CHINA-EUROPE RAILWAY EXPRESS (CER EXPRESS) USING MULTI-SOURCE REMOTELY SENSED DATA
Authors: Ma B. , Guo X. , Jiang J. , Culibrk D. , Ding S. , Vilotic M. , Li Y.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The China-Europe Railway Express (CER-Express), not only promoted the cooperation between countries and regions across Asia and Europe but also gave rise to remarkable changes in landcover and had a profound effect on the natural environment along the railway in recent years. Effective ways to monitor and assess ecological changes are urgently needed to ensure sustainable development of CER-Express. There are very few existing environmental monitoring studies focusing on the area along the CERExpress. In this paper, we present a study of environmental degradation, which occurred during the construction and operation of CER-Express from 2010 to 2018, based on a comprehensive evaluation index (CEI), which takes three environmental indicators into account and provides a timely and reliable evaluation of environmental changes at large scales. In addition, the environment conditions of the regions and countries along the CER-Express have been quantified and comparatively studied at different scales over different periods, using histograms of mean CEI values. Furthermore, specific causes of environmental degradation in the rail-intensive countries and small-area countries along the railway are discussed. Our results show that the environmental degradation can be detected in most of the rail-intensive countries, such as Germany, Poland, Austria, and Czech Republic along the railway. Therefore, to ensure sustainability of the CER-Express, environmental protection along the railway should be paid more attention to and a reasonable arrangement for the exploitation of CER-Express devised.
EVALUATION OF SEMI-SUPERVISED LEARNING FOR CNN-BASED CHANGE DETECTION
Authors: Bousias Alexakis E. , Armenakis C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Over the past few years, many research works have utilized Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in the development of fully automated change detection pipelines from high resolution satellite imagery. Even though CNN architectures can achieve state-of-the-art results in a wide variety of vision tasks, including change detection applications, they require extensive amounts of labelled training examples in order to be able to generalize to new data through supervised learning. In this work we experiment with the implementation of a semi-supervised training approach in an attempt to improve the image semantic segmentation performance of models trained using a small number of labelled image pairs by leveraging information from additional unlabelled image samples. The approach is based on the Mean Teacher method, a semi-supervised approach, successfully applied for image classification and for sematic segmentation of medical images. Mean Teacher uses an exponential moving average of the model weights from previous epochs to check the consistency of the model’s predictions under various perturbations. Our goal is to examine whether its application in a change detection setting can result in analogous performance improvements. The preliminary results of the proposed method appear to be compatible to the results of the traditional fully supervised training. Research is continuing towards fine-tuning of the method and reaching solid conclusions with respect to the potential benefits of the semi-supervised learning approaches in image change detection applications.
SOCIOECONOMIC DRIVERS OF LAND USE INTENSIFICATION IN FIJI ISLANDS: A GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH
Authors: Cornelio D. L.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Shifting cultivation is a common agricultural practice in the Pacific Islands rarely sustainable today since fallow periods are ever shorter due to the demographic growth, farms fragmentation, uncertain land tenure, and pressures from the market economy among other factors (drivers). Official statistical data and maps were utilized to build up chloropleth maps indicating the areas of high land use intensity (LUI) according to farm size ranges and socioeconomic parameters (treatments) for the country. Twenty vector layers were digitized from published maps for eight ranges of farm sizes (from less than 1 to more than 100 ha), and converted to raster format with a 170 m2 pixel size. Critical maps were then built by boolean operations displaying areas in which both the land use and the socioeconomic driver were simultaneously ranked as high or very high. Treatments showed significant differences among them (p < 0.05), being the most influential those related to human demography. In farms smaller than 3 ha size land use is intense when (in order of importance) Indo-fijian population, household size and land availability values are high; while in farms of 20–50 ha size it is intense when the values of (in order of importance) population change, Indo-fijian population, land availability, fishing and sugar farming are also high. LUI patterns normally decrease with the increase of farm size, but increases on farms over 20 ha size. It is recommended to propose policies that will des-accelerate the rates of land use, such as the facilitation of land ownership over farms of bigger sizes, the gradual replacement of mono cropping by agroforestry systems, and the creation of more employment opportunities in the industry, tourism and services sectors.
PROMISING ADVANCES OF AMAZONIAN MONITORING SYSTEMS THROUGHOUT VANGUARD TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Soler L. S. , Silva D. E. , Messias C. , Lima T. C. , Bento B. M. P. , de Souza J. J. , Doblas J. , Moraes D. , Almeida C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. PRODES and DETER project together turned 33 years-old with an undeniably contribution to the state-of-art in mapping and monitoring tropical deforestation in Brazil. Monitoring systems all over the world have taken advantage of big data repositories of remote sensing data as they are becoming freely available together with artificial intelligence. Thus, considering the advent of new generation remote sensing data hubs, online platforms of big data that can fill in spatial and temporal resolutions gaps in current deforestation mapping, this work aims to present recent innovations at INPE´s deforestation monitoring systems in Brazil and how they are gauging new realms of technological levels. Recent innovations at INPE´s monitoring systems are: 1) the development of TerraBrasilis platform of data access and analysis; 2) the adoption of new sensors and cloud detection strategies; 3) the complementary use of multi-sensor images; 4) the complementary adoption of SAR C-band images using cloud data to sample and process Sentinel-1. Future innovations are: 1) development of a Brazilian data cube to be used in deep learning techniques of image classification; 2) Routine uncertainty analysis of PRODES data. Automatization might fasten mapping process, but the real challenge is to succeed in automatization maintaining data quality and historical series. The hyper-availability of remote sensing data, the initiative of a Brazilian Data Cube and promising machine learning techniques applied to land cover change detection, allowed INPE to reinforce its central role in tropical forest monitoring.
DEFORESTATION MAPPING USING SENTINEL-1 AND OBJECT-BASED RANDOM FOREST CLASSIFICATION ON GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE
Authors: Yordanov V. , Brovelli M. A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Deforestation can be defined as the conversion of forest land cover to another type. It is a process that has massively accelerated its rate and extent in the last several decades. Mainly due to human activities related to socio-economic processes as population growth, expansion of agricultural land, wood extraction, etc. In the meantime, there are great efforts by governments and agencies to reduce these deforestation processes by implementing regulations, which cannot always be properly monitored whether are followed or not. In this work is proposed an approach that can provide forest loss estimations for a short period of time, by using Synthetic Aperture Radar imagery for an area in the Brazilian Amazon. SAR are providing data with almost no alteration due to weather conditions, however they may present other limitations. To mitigate the speckle effect, here was applied the dry coefficient, which is the mean of image values under the first quartile while preserving the spatial resolution. While for obtaining land cover maps containing only forest and non-forest areas an object-based machine learning classification on the Google Earth Engine platform was applied. The preliminary tests were carried out in a bitemporal manner between 2015 and 2019, followed by applying the approach monthly for the year of 2020. The outputs yielded very satisfactory and accurate results, allowing to estimate the forest dynamics for the area under consideration for each month.
THE USE OF AHP WITHIN GIS FOR DESTRUCTED AREAS IN DAMASCUS, SYRIA
Authors: Khalil M. , Satish Kumar J.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. War This is a word that everyone fears as a result of the violence and devastation it leaves, as there have been many wars around the world that have greatly affected the lives of civilians. Infrastructure, homes, hospitals, and other public facilities have been damaged and partially or largely destroyed. Syria is a country in south-western Asia, located near the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey. Syria is which suffered from war for more than 10 years and still. This is a study on the city of Damascus, the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic, many of its areas were destroyed by this war. throughout the war, more than 55% of the Syrian population in urban areas and rural areas were affected by the massive aerial bombardment and fighting inside towns, cities, and old neighbourhoods. This study aims to identify the most affected areas in the Syrian capital, Damascus, by analysing two satellite images from the satellite Sentinel using a program SNAP and determining the most appropriate areas for reconstruction in Damascus through the AHP analysis method using a program ArcGIS. Where 6 basic criteria were set to carry out the analysis it's elevation, slope, soil, water network, road network, and land use, land cover. The results were classified into five classes in terms of suitability for reconstruction, not suitability, low suitability, moderate suitability, high suitability, very high suitability, and to determine the percentage of each classification.
RESEARCH ON KEY POINTS OF QUALITY INSPECTION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY RESULTS AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MEASURES
Authors: Tian Z. , Li M. , Lv L. , Zhou J.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. With the development of surveying and mapping geographic information technology, digital aerial photogrammetry technology has been widely developed and applied. Based on the research on the applicability of existing quality inspection standards, this paper has completed the analysis of the key points of the quality inspection of surveying and mapping aerial photography results on the current technological development level, and combined with the quality inspection work of related projects for many years, selecting 15 real cases in the industry from the technology, it completed the analysis of common quality problems in four aspects: flight quality, data quality, image quality, and accessory quality, and put forward relevant quality evaluation standards and suggestions for improving production quality. The research content of the article can provide a reference for the production and quality inspection of corresponding projects in the later period, and provide a basis for industry supervision and promote the improvement of the overall quality level of the industry.
REVIEW OF HIGH-RESOLUTION GLOBAL LAND COVER
Authors: Bratic G. , Vavassori A. , Brovelli M. A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The land cover detection on our planet at high spatial resolution has a key role in many scientific and operational applications, such as climate modeling, natural resources management, biodiversity studies, urbanization analyses and spatial demography. Thanks to the progresses in Remote Sensing, accurate and high-resolution land cover maps have been developed over the last years, aiming at detecting the spatial resolution of different types of surfaces. In this paper we propose a review of the high-resolution global land cover products developed through Earth Observation technologies. A series of general information regarding imagery and data used to produce the map, the procedures employed for the map development and for the map accuracy assessment have been provided for every dataset. The land cover maps described in this paper concern the global distribution of settlements (Global Urban Footprint, Global Human Settlement Built-Up, World Settlement Footprint), water (Global Surface Water), forests (Forest/Non-forest, Tree canopy cover), and a two land cover maps describing world in 10 generic classes (GlobeLand30 and Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring of Global Land Cover). The advantages and shortcomings of these maps and of the methods employed to produce them are summarized and compared in the conclusions.
ARCHITECTING LOCATION INTELLIGENCE PLATFORMS USING OPEN-SOURCE COMPONENTS
Authors: Benahmed Daho A. , Bekhelifi H.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Location Intelligence is an emerging application of geospatial industry. It allows professionals from different business domains (finance, disaster management, retail, health) and with minimum expertise in GIS technologies to use efficiently many spatial analysis tools and algorithms to solve their day-to-day problems. One of the major characteristics of Location Intelligence is the use of multisource and alternative data either user ingested or directly available in the platform (by geo-enrichment).In this contribution we investigate the architectural challenges raised by the development of this kind of platforms, particularly in term of functionalities, use of open-source components, management practices, deployment on the Cloud and source code control. To validate our assumptions, we built a new platform, named “Geoweba”, based on the GeoNode Project and having as objective to disrupt the Algerian consulting market. The resulting platform is deployed on the internet and freely available for users. In this contribution we demonstrate that our development approach based on Agile principles and open-source components gives a good result, mainly in the early stages when just a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) is needed for market validation of the idea.
DETERMINING THE SUITABLE LOCATION FOR THE METALLURGICAL AND STEEL PROCESSING INDUSTRIES IN MONGOLIA USING GIS-BASED MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS METHODS
Authors: Adiya Z. , Dorjgotov B. , Bayarsaikhan S. , Myagmartseren P.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The metallurgical and steel processing industries are considered strategically important industries as they form the basis of a country's industrial competitiveness and sustainable economy.Recently, the value of minerals and demand for metals are increasing. Thus, it is essential to build a metallurgical and steel processing factory in Mongolia based on the needs of national consumption and neighboring countries market demand. Therefore, it is crucial to select a suitable geographical location for any industrial regional development based on scientific, spatial analysis and estimation. The main goal of our research study is to use MCDA and AHP methods based on GIS including natural conditions, resources, socio-economic factors and other related data to identify suitable locations for metallurgical and steel processing factories in Mongolia. In order to determine the suitable location for metallurgical and steel processing industries research team used multi criteria analysis method including the total of 28 factors: 7 factors based on mineral resources and natural resources; 4 infrastructure factors, 2 market factors, 8 socio-economic factors, and 7 natural constraint factors based on area where industries and activities are prohibited in accordance with the legislation of Mongolia. According to the research results, 9.8 percent of the total area is highly suitable, 22.7 percent is suitable, 22.4 percent is unsuitable, and 68.8 percent is constraint area for industrial and steel processing industries. The result of the study shows that our assessment is precisely overlaps (kappa coefficient = 0.84 ) with the location of existing metallurgical and steel industries and compatible with the regions where other projects and action program planning to build new industries in Mongolia.
COLLABORATIVE AIR QUALITY MAPPING OF DIFFERENT METROPOLITAN CITIES OF INDIA
Authors: Dubey R. , Bharadwaj S. , Zafar M. I. , Biswas S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Environmental pollution has become extremely serious as a result of today's technological advancements all over the world. One of the most important environmental and public health risks is air pollution. The exponential growth of population, vehicular density on highways, urbanization, and other factors are rising air pollution in cities, necessitating techniques for monitoring and forecasting air quality or determining its health consequences. Various experiments are being conducted on city air quality and its distribution through the built climate. The amount of emissions in the air varies according to the time of day as depicted it is merely high in morning time between 9 to 10 am and between 5 to 6 pm in all cities. These collected data are also characterized as peak hour, average hour, and off-peak hour. It also varies geographically and during special occasions. Since computing and showcasing of air pollution levels require terrain data, air quality data from the open sources i.e. CPCB (central pollution control board, India), and air pollution prediction models. Acculumating the data of the air pollution parameter from the open sources of cities based on typically very crowded, averagely crowded, and thinly crowded areas across the city and then mapping it on ArcGIS. The data monitoring has been done for the whole year merely main emphasizes has been done on the three seasons autumn, winter, and summer (January, May, and August). Also, in winter the value of having pollutants is high due to winter inversion and in the morning also the value is higher, and in monsoon, due to precipitation, it decreases. The dispersion model help in considering the wind speed and direction, the computed data from each source location reaching out to the monitoring sensing station from the comparatively adding to the value of pollutant. With the help of questionnaires, computed out to the result that people residing or having the workplace near to the busy crossing are more promising to have the health-related issue like chocking, respiratory diseases. Men are merely more affected by this between the age of 37 to 63 years.
Brief communication: Reduction in the future Greenland ice sheet surface melt with the help of solar geoengineering
Authors: Fettweis Xavier , Hofer Stefan , Séférian Roland , Amory Charles , Delhasse Alison , Doutreloup Sébastien , Kittel Christoph , Lang Charlotte , Van Bever Joris , Veillon Florent , Irvine Peter
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) will be losing mass at an accelerating pace
throughout the 21st century, with a direct link between anthropogenic
greenhouse gas emissions and the magnitude of Greenland mass loss.
Currently, approximately 60 % of the mass loss contribution comes from
surface melt and subsequent meltwater runoff, while 40 % are due to ice
calving. In the ablation zone covered by bare ice in summer, most of the
surface melt energy is provided by absorbed shortwave fluxes, which could be
reduced by solar geoengineering measures. However, so far very little is
known about the potential impacts of an artificial reduction in the incoming
solar radiation on the GrIS surface energy budget and the subsequent change
in meltwater production. By forcing the regional climate model MAR with the
latest CMIP6 shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) future emission scenarios
(SSP245, SSP585) and associated G6solar experiment from the CNRM-ESM2-1
Earth system model, we estimate the local impact of a reduced solar constant
on the projected GrIS surface mass balance (SMB) decrease. Overall, our
results show that even in the case of a low-mitigation greenhouse gas emissions
scenario (SSP585), the Greenland surface mass loss can be brought in line
with the medium-mitigation emissions scenario (SSP245) by reducing the solar
downward flux at the top of the atmosphere by ∼ 40 W/m2 or
∼ 1.5 % (using the G6solar experiment). In addition to
reducing global warming in line with SSP245, G6solar also decreases the
efficiency of surface meltwater production over the Greenland ice sheet by
damping the well-known positive melt–albedo feedback. With respect to a MAR
simulation where the solar constant remains unchanged, decreasing the solar
constant according to G6solar in the MAR radiative scheme mitigates the
projected Greenland ice sheet surface melt increase by 6 %. However, only
more constraining geoengineering experiments than G6solar would allow us to
maintain a positive SMB until the end of this century without any reduction in
our greenhouse gas emissions.
Spinal Cord Injury Induced Osteoporosis: Case Report and Current Literature
Authors: Bangura Abdulai , Shuler Thomas , Wright Lisa , Lake Anne
Published: June 2021

Background: Among the various etiologies of osteoporosis, spinal cord injury has a drastic progression of the disease, causing weekly bone loss. There is no definitive treatment for the prevention of osteoporosis in these individuals. This review illustrates the recent findings on the pathophysiology, treatment, and management of spinal cord injury-induced osteoporosis. Furthermore, we cover a case of a male patient who experienced severe bone loss after a spinal cord injury at the age of 21 years.

The Case: We have a 57-year-old man with a history of AIS grade A spinal cord injury, level T11 with rod fixation from a motorcycle collision at age 21. His fracture history following the injury includes tibia, femur, and vertebral fractures. Bone mineral density imaging revealed notable T-scores ranging from -3.1 to -3.4 at the hip and femurs. Treatment plan consisted of teriparatide, dietary supplements, and physical therapy. Biomarkers from baseline to post one month of treatment revealed the following: procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide from 38 mcg/L to 70 mcg/L and C-terminal telopeptide from 209 pg/mL to 88 pg/mL, representing an increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption, respectively. After two years, bone mineral density T-scores improved to -2.7 on the left and the patient was capable of standing for the first time with the assistance of a standing frame.

Conclusion: Our case exemplified the progression of the disease and treatment options. A basis for the derivation of future innovative therapies has been covered. Favorable treatments and management are described in the review.
A Literature Review of Possible Barriers and Knowledge Gaps of General Practitioners in Implementing Advance Care Planning in Ireland: Experience from Other Countries
Authors: Somal Karendeep , Foley Tony
Published: June 2021

An Advance Care Plan (ACP) is a process of decision-making concerning end of life care that embodies a patient’s values and wishes, for a time when patients are unable to make such decisions for themselves. ACPs have been employed into medical practices worldwide; however, they remain largely uncompleted by general practitioners (GPs), regardless of their benefits to patients and their families with respect to end of life (EOL) care. Furthermore, ACPs will soon be implemented into clinician practices across Ireland, as part of the Assisted Decision Making (Capacity) Act 2015. This review aims to explore the literature to examine challenges GPs may face in employing ACPs into clinical practice. An electronic search was performed through three databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL Plus, through which a total of eleven studies met the selection criteria. Additionally, three studies were provided by experts in the field. Thus, a total of fourteen studies were condensed and critically appraised through CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Program), which concluded that the quality of the studies was high. Through this review, knowledge gaps and barriers for GPs regarding ACPs were identified. Barriers for implementing ACPs into practice were categorized into three major themes: barriers for the GP, barriers in the healthcare system, and barriers regarding the patient. These included insufficient time, complexity of the ACP documents themselves, uncertainty of the disease prognosis, and the ultimate fear of inducing anxiety and loss of hope in patients.
Is There A Doctor Onboard?
Authors: Brownlee Holly Cathryne
Published: June 2021

I never expected to be asked the question 'can you confirm to the pilot we need to divert the plane' while in my final year of medical school yet this was the question posed to me during a recent experience somewhere over mainland Europe.
Improving Medical School Education on the Care of Sexual Assault Patients: A Quasi-Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Hoopes Katherine , Lewitt Tessa , Naseem Anum , Messman Anne , Kouyoumjian Sarkis
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Comprehensive healthcare for survivors of sexual violence is essential to prevent the diverse sequelae associated with the assault. In partnership with a local rape crisis center, we designed an educational module with the goal of training medical students on the basic needs of sexual assault patients with the aim to see if there was a significant difference in preparedness to counsel such patients.

Methods: This quantitative quasi-randomized controlled study tested the effectiveness of an educational module on improving medical student preparedness for encounters with victims of sexual assault. A one-hour presentation, focusing on basic medical and legal knowledge regarding sexual abuse and compassionate patient-centered care, was provided to the intervention group during their compulsory Year 4 Emergency Medicine clerkship orientation. At the end of the month, students in the intervention and control groups were assessed using a standardized patient encounter simulating the presentation of a victim of sexual assault. Scores were determined by standardized patients, who utilized two checklists-one widely used for communication skills (KEECC-A) and the other focusing on sexual assault (WC-SAFE-specific).

Results: For the KEECC-A, there was no significant difference in scores between the control and intervention groups (p=0.9257, 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI] 14.42,15.58]). The WC-SAFE-specific checklists were significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p=0.0076, 95%CI 3.79,4.21). 

Conclusion: Our sexual assault module increased preparedness of medical students for encounters with sexual assault victims and provide trauma-informed care.
El rol de la suplementación con vitamina D en la infección por COVID-19
Authors: Capalbo Olivia Maria , Pisula Pedro
Published: June 2021

La Vitamina D es un micronutriente esencial que obtenemos a partir de la síntesis dérmica tras la radiación solar ultravioleta. Diferentes estudios han evidenciado que la vitamina D tiene diversos efectos a nivel del sistema inmune, y cumple un rol esencial en la respuesta ante infecciones virales respiratorias. A partir de un caso clínico real, en contexto de la actual pandemia de COVID-19, revisamos la evidencia disponible y encontramos que no existen pruebas que respaldan la suplementación con vitamina D para prevenir la infección o los desenlaces adversos de esta enfermedad.
美国汽车抵押贷款资产证券化模式回顾及对我国的借鉴
Authors: 杨 迪川
Published: June 2021

为解决汽车金融公司融资成本波动性大、融资渠道有限等问题，汽车贷款资产证券化应用越来越广泛。随着我国汽车产业的蓬勃发展，汽车贷款资产证券化产品的规模快速增长，但汽车金融公司对这一产品的实际应用还有很大的改进空间。本文首先介绍了美国汽车抵押贷款资产证券化的历史和演进过程，之后分析了美国汽车贷款资产证券化的交易特点，包括主要发起机构、信用增级、信用评级等内容，最后梳理目前我国汽车贷款资产证券化的现状和问题，并提出一些建议。
中印农产品贸易逆差分析及对策以HS15为例
Authors: 谢 德鑫 , 洪 心澜
Published: June 2021

21世纪以来，中印两国贸易往来达到历史新高度。但近年来，中印双方关于边境实控线存在巨大的争议，印度无端挑起的冲突影响了边境地区的和平稳定，使中印两国在国际政治及经贸关系上再度面临巨大的压力，给双方间的贸易带来新考验。数据发现，在2014~2018年中国自印度进口的第15章农产品（HS15）动、植物油、脂及其分解产品，精制的食用油脂、动、植物腊（下文简称HS15）占比40.07%，是进口逆差的主要来源之一。为探究此问题，本研究力求寻找HS15进口替代来源的新方向。
基于钻石模型福建省水产品国际竞争力影响因素分析
Authors: 柯 倪双 , 林 晨萍
Published: June 2021

在经济全球化的背景下，国际间的贸易交往日趋紧密。福建省水产品出口一直以来占据中国水产品出口的主要地位，但随着近年来国际市场环境的变化，世界贸易局势不断发生变化，福建省水产品国际竞争力被削弱；合理准确把握福建省水产品的国际竞争力，是关系到其能否在国家竞争市场上占据优势，开拓国际贸易渠道的关键。本文通过选取福建省水产品作为研究对象，利用波特钻石模型进行分析，运用国家统计局、《中国渔业年鉴》、福建省统计局等官方数据，通过从生产要素、市场需求、相关及支持产业，结合当前世界贸易局势和国家新发展政策，对如何提升福建省水产品国际竞争力提出建设与对策。
我国金融服务贸易国际竞争力提升路径研究
Authors: 高 璐 , 冯 雅颂
Published: June 2021

现阶段我国新型服务贸易蓬勃发展，在贸易总额中的比重也不断提高，金融等新型服务贸易同时正在加快取代传统服务贸易地位的步伐。金融市场可以加快资本积累和生产过程的速度，而且通过发展金融服务贸易，各国的资金流速加快，也提升全球贸易和非贸易产业的发展。本文结合国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数等指标，分别测算我国与德国、日本、英国、美国、新加坡、泰国、巴西等国家的金融服务贸易国际竞争力水平，通过对比分析得出我国金融服务贸易在当前形势下的国际竞争力有待提升，并依据分析分别从宏观微观的角度，总结出现阶段我国金融服务贸易的存在的问题，从而探寻我国金融服务贸易国际竞争力的提升路径。
中国与南非货物贸易实证研究
Authors: 肖 敏 , 田 力
Published: June 2021

中国是最大的发展中国家，而南非是非洲最重要的经济体之一。中国近年来一直与南非保持着互利共赢的贸易关系，通过成立中非贸易论坛与一带一路建设，加入金砖国家，帮助南非建设基础设施，进一步加强了中南之间的贸易关系的紧密程度。中国已经自2009年连续多年成为南非最大的进出口国家，是最重要的贸易合作伙伴，但是南非在中国的平均进出口额仅占中国总进出口额的4%，占比很小，未来还有很大的贸易发展潜力。本文通过对中国与南非货物贸易规模商品结构以及所遇到的阻碍的分析，进而体现近年来的中南货物贸易发展现状。本文在贸易结合度理论、显示性比较优势以及产业内贸易理论的基础上进行分析，探索未来的发展趋势，发现中国与南非之间在未来的货物贸易往来上的发展空间和潜力；然后在此基础上给出相关的建议，最后对中国与南非贸易关系进行总结。
福州地铁服务质量对乘客满意度和忠诚度的影响研究
Authors: 张 菊香
Published: June 2021

随着经济的发展，越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。由于具有安全、快捷的优点，地铁日益成为人们外出的主要交通工具。本研究以福州地铁为研究对象，拟探究地铁服务质量对乘客满意度及乘客忠诚度的影响，以SERVPERF量表和文献为基础，构建了研究模型。从舒适性、可靠性、反应性、有形性、保证性和关怀性六个维度对服务质量进行评测，通过SPSS23.0软件进行数据分析，验证了服务质量对乘客满意度和乘客忠诚度的影响关系。基于研究结果，提出一系列改善地铁服务的建议，旨在促进福州城市地铁的良好发展。
中国战略性新兴产业在对外贸易中知识产权摩擦原因及对策
Authors: 林 飞烨
Published: June 2021

近年来，随着产业升级以及国际贸易格局的转变，战略性新兴产业成为各国争先发展的宠儿，其高速发展的背后是知识产权摩擦的加剧，众多发达国家更是利用知识产权作为打压我国产业发展的武器。本文介绍中国战略性新兴产业在对外贸易中，知识产权摩擦的现状及为改变现状所做的努力，随后从改进措施中分析不足之处，最后提出中方与发达国家的改进对策。
赤崁女史蔡碧吟之作品与其生平概述
Authors: 杨 安湍
Published: June 2021

自古以来，女性受教育在汉字文化圈向来是一件相当少见的事，而教育有成、能吟诗作赋之人更是寥若晨星；也正是因此，女性诗人在历史上受到的关注远不如具有同等才华的男性，这也使得历史对她们的着墨少之又少。本文作者藉地利之便，群访府城耆老，获知许多与女史相关的故事，并将前人所遗文献抑或口头流传故事，于搜集后进行整理与爬梳，再汇整部分自己研究的成果，以供其他研究者参考。
Efektivitas Pelatihan Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Bidang Kelautan Perikanan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi di Indonesia
Authors: Al Azhar
Published: June 2021

Guru harus mengoptimalkan kompetensi dan kinerjanya dalam menjalankan tugas sebagai pendidik sehingga proses pembelajaran dapat berjalan efektif dan efisien. Oleh karena itu, perlu upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru melalui program pendidikan dan pelatihan yang diselenggarakan oleh lembaga diklat pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat efektivitas pelaksanaan peningkatan kompetensi guru bidang kelautan, perikanan, teknologi infomasi, dan komunikasi (KPTK) di Indonesia sebagai program dari Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan melalui LPPPTK KPTK sebagai unit pelaksana teknis. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sasaran dan realiasi peserta pelatihan guru bidang KPTK tahun 2015-2019. Metode pencarian data dan informasi lainnya dengan penelusuran pustaka/literatur dan menelaah data sekunder. Analisis data studi ini adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kompetensi guru bidang KPTK yang dilaksanakan selama lima tahun (2015-2019) sudah efektif. Hal ini terbukti dengan terlaksananya seluruh program diklat sesuai dengan jadwal waktu yang ditentukan, rapinya penyelenggaraan seluruh kegiatan diklat, efisiensi dalam penggunaan sarana dan prasarana yang tersedia, dan tercapainya sasaran yang telah ditetapkan bagi program diklat dari total sasaran 15.096 orang, terealisasi sebanyak 20.901 orang (138,5%).
Особливості визначення класів і розмірів вибухонебезпечних зон навколо зовнішніх установок
Authors: Kulakov Oleg , Katunin Albert , Lyashevska Elena
Published: June 2021

Встановлені особливості визначення класів і розмірів вибухонебезпечних зон, що створюються газо- пароповітряним вибухонебезпечним середовищем навколо зовнішніх установок. Національна класифікація вибухонебезпечних зон здійснюється двома методами, один з яких є детермінованим, а другий – розрахунковим. Газо- пароповіряне вибухонебезпечне середовище може утворювати вибухонебезпечні зони класів 0, 1, 2. Для розрахункового методу вихідними параметрами є кліматичні умови, властивості небезпечні речовин, ступінь витоку та рівень вентиляції. Визначається інтенсивність витоку небезпечної речовини, розраховуються гіпотетичний об’єм вибухонебезпечного середовища, якій порівнюється з фіксованим значенням загального об’єму, що вентилюється. Гіпотетичний об’єм та час існування вибухонебезпечного середовища залежать від швидкості вітру за гіперболічним законом. На прикладі зовнішньої установки у вигляді негерметичної муфти надземного газопроводу природного газу показано, що швидкість вітру оказує суттєвий вплив на величину гіпотетичного об’єму вибухонебезпечного середовища. При швидкості, що відповідає за шкалою Бофорта тихому вітру, навколо зовнішньої установки створюється вибухонебезпечна зона класу 1. При швидкості, що відповідає за шкалою Бофорта легкому вітру, створюється вибухонебезпечна зона класу 2. Зниження температури навколишнього середовища призводить до зменшення величини гіпотетичного об’єму вибухонебезпечного середовища. Інтенсивність витоку небезпечної речовини суттєво впливає на клас вибухонебезпечної зони. Для кожного виду небезпечної речовини необхідно визначати граничне значення інте-нсивності витоку, вище якої має місце вибухонебезпечна зона класу 1, а нижче – класу 2. Час існування вибухонебезпечного середовища не залежить від температури навколишнього середовища й інтенсивності витоку та швидко зменшується зі збільшенням швидкості вітру
Дослідження вогнегасних властивостей бінарних шарів легких пористих матеріалів
Authors: Makarenko Viktoriya , Kireev Oleksandr , Tregubov Dmitry , Chyrkina Maryna
Published: June 2021

Для гасіння легкозаймистих рідин запропоновано використовувати бінарні шари гранульоване піноскло + інший легкий пористий матеріал. Гранульоване піноскло виконує функцію матеріалу, що забезпечує плавучість бінарної системи. В якості матеріалів, які забезпечують переважно ізолюючі властивості бінарної вогнегасної системи обрано спучені перліт і вермикуліт. Експериментально визначені насипна густина легких порістих матеріалів, їх плавучість та вологоутримання. Встановлено, що низька плавучесть спучених перлиту та вермікуліту не дозволяє їх беспосередне використання без попередньго нанесення шару подрібненого піноскла для гасіння бензину. Наведено експериментальні дані, яки отримані гравіметричним методом з масових швидкостей вигоряння та умов загасання бензину на поверхню якого нанесено бінарний вогнегасний шар із сухих та змочених обрних пористих матерілів. Встановлено, що масова швидкість вигоряння бензину за товщини шару піноскла 0, 2 і 4 cм складала відповідно 9,2 г/(м2•с), 6,0 г/(м2•с) і 2,7 г/(м2•с). В разі використання сухих спучених перлиту та вермікуліту, яки нанесено на базовий щар піноскла висотою 4 см масові швидкості вигоряння бензину зменьшуется в 2-4 рази по зрівнянню з такими самими шарами піноскла. Загальна вогнегасна висота шару сухих перліту та вермикуліту, що нанесені на базовий шар піноскла висотою 4 см складає 2 см. Для гасіння бензину тільки сухим піносклом потрібен шар піноскла 6 см нанесенний на базовий шар. Вразі використання змочених матеріалів з максимальниь влагоутриманням яки нанесені на базовий шар піноскла гасіння бензину досягається за товщиною шару змоченого піноскла 3 см, а перліту та вермікуліту 1 см. Вогнегасні властивості перліту та вермікуліту в разі їх нанесення на базовий шар подрібненого піноскла перевищують відповідну характеристику піноскла. Змочування піноскла, спучених перліту та вермикуліту та вермікуліту призводе до збільшення вогнегасних властивостей легких пористих матеріалів
Запобігання надзвичайним ситуаціям шляхом контролю стану ізоляції багатожильних кабелів
Authors: Rudakov Serhii , Myrgorod Oksana , Hrytysyna Ihor
Published: June 2021

Розроблено метод вимірювання часткових ємностей і тангенсу кута діелектричних втрат окремих компонентів кабельних виробів, які знаходяться в експлуатації на енергетичних об’єктах. Цей метод ґрунтується на проведенні прямих вимірювань компонентів ізоляції окремо з подальшою оцінкою всієї конструкції в цілому. Цей метод дає можливість оцінити більш детальніше стан ізоляції кабелів, так як жили, екрани, металеві оболонки використовуються в якості електродів – для локалізації зондуючого елек-тромагнітного полю в визначених частинах кабелю: переважно в фазної та поясної ізоляції силових кабелів, в ізоляції жил або в меж фазному просторі контрольних кабелів. Тоді, порівнюючи характеристики виокремлених областей ізоляції між собою та з базовими виробами, які пройшли прискорені ресурсні випробування, аж до досягнення граничного стану, робимо обґрунтований висновок о поточному стані кабельного виробу. Значення часткових ємностей ізоляції жил кабелю повинно бути приблизно одного порядку, якщо значення суттєво різняться, то стан ізоляції наближається до критичного, що може призвести до виникнення надзвичайної ситуації. В роботі запропонований спосіб зменшення похибки вимірювань, який обмежує область використання прямої схеми тільки в тих випадках, коли ємність вимірюваного проміжку набагато вище, ніж ємність паразитних ланцюгів Дослідження на постійному струмі виконується приладами з трьома клемами: дві – вимірювальні, третя – екрануюча – для відводу від вимірювального ланцюга зайвого струму. Ізоляційний проміжок під’єднується до вимірювальних клем, а всі інші жили кабелю та екрани – до екрануючої клемі приладу. В роботі запропонована схема вимірювань, застосування якої дозволило зменшити шунтуючі ємності на 1000 пФ. Результати такого контролю дозволять виявити області параметрів, найбільш чутливі до процесів старіння кабелів, що призведе, у свою чергу, до запобігання надзвичайним ситуаціям, які могли б виникнути на об'єктах енергетики
Вдосконалення протипожежного захисту місць зберігання боєприпасів та вибухових речовин
Authors: Vazhynskyi Serhii , Fedyuk Igor , Chernukha Andrii
Published: June 2021

Визначені основні параметри системи пожежогасіння арсеналів, складів зберігання боєприпасів та вибухових речовин та шляхи її удосконалення. Останнє дало змогу провести розрахунки кількості та перелік елементів модернізації системи пожежогасіння. Запропоновано функціональну модель модернізованої автоматичної системи пожежогасіння на складах та арсеналах, яка повинна включати комплекс заходів щодо створення додаткових водоймищ, інженерного обладнання території місць зберігання вибухопожеженебезпечних речовин та технічних пристроїв автоматичного пожежогасіння з підвищеними витратами вогнегасної речовина, що провинні працювати в автономному режимі. Особливостями роботи є опис створеної експериментальної установки на випробу-ванні якої у на лабораторних умовах було підтверджено ефективність запропонованої функціональної моделі модернізованої автоматичної системи пожежогасіння. Аналіз попередніх результатів розрахунків та випробувань підтверджують, що протипожежний захист вибухонебезпечних речовин у місцях їх постійного або тимчасового зберігання, обслуговування та підготовки до транспортування необхідно удосконалити шляхом модернізації системи вцілому. А саме створенням додаткових земельних укріплень, пожежних водоймищ на території зберігання, застосуванням модернізованих автоматизованих систем пожежогасіння в яких використовувати порохові акумулятори тиску. На етапі виникнення пожежі система автоматичного пожежогасіння повинна забезпечити збільшенні витрати води на 30%. Надані пропозиції щодо створення умов для ліквідації пожежі на складах і арсеналах при роботах пов’язаних зі зберіганням або утилізацією вибухопожеженебезпечних виробів та речовин термін зберігання та застосу-вання яких закінчився шляхом створення ї застосування резервних пожежних водоймищ на небезпечній території. Визначені напрямки удосконалення системи сигналізації про виникнення пожежі та запропоновано використання автоматичної системи пожежогасіння, яка є енергонезалежною, завадостійкою, простою в експлуатації
The Analysis of Customer Behavior of Bank SUMUT in Non-Cash Transactions with New SMS Banking Service
Authors: Rikardo Ginting Ronald Regen , Fauzi Amrin , Sadalia Isfenti
Published: June 2021

Bank of SUMUT in 2016 launched the New SMS Banking service. This service is very much needed in the midst of the increasing trend of non-cash payments and the e-commerce industry. Various socializations and promotions have been carried out so that customers use the New SMS Banking service. However, the average number of transactions per customer through the New SMS Banking service tends to be stagnant and even has decreased over the last few months in 2017. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the customer's desire to use the New SMS Banking service and formulate alternative strategies that can be implemented by Bank SUMUT to optimize this service. The type of research is correlational research. The questionnaires were distributed by purposive sampling to hundred customers from three Coordinator Branch Offices of the Bank SUMUT. The analysis showed that 41.5% of the attitude towards New SMS Banking was influenced by the Benefits of Use, Ease of Use, Risk of Use, Costs of Use, Personal Ability, Suitability of Lifestyle, and Bank Credibility. All of these variables simultaneously have a significant effect on the Attitude towards New SMS Banking. However, partially, the variable Self Ability does not have a significant partial effect on Attitudes towards New SMS Banking. Attitudes towards New SMS Banking affect customer interest in using New SMS Banking.

Keywords: Technology Acceptance Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, SMS-Banking, Consumer Attitude.