bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DE PARÂMETROS CINEMÁTICOS EM CRIANÇAS COM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE APRENDIZAGEM NA NATAÇÃO
Authors: Franken Marcos , Martins Matheus Bolzan , Vargas José Luciano Benites de , Brasil Frederico Deponti , De Freitas Velton Da Silva
Published: March 2021

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar e correlacionar parâmetros cinemáticos e de desempenho motor no nado crawl em crianças em diferentes níveis de aprendizagem. Variáveis foram comparadas em 24 crianças divididas entre três grupos iniciante, intermediário e avançado que foram selecionadas de acordo com a avaliação do teste de desempenho motor (TDMNC). Foram avaliadas em uma repetição de 10m em máxima intensidade e a avaliação do TDMNC e dos parâmetros cinemáticos do nado crawl foram realizadas em conjunto. Os dados foram obtidos com uma câmera de vídeo (60 Hz - acoplada a um tripé na lateral da piscina, acima da linha da água) e um cronômetro. Foram registrados: TDMNC, frequência média de ciclos (FC), distância média percorrida por ciclo (DC), velocidade média de nado (VN), índice de nado (IN) e tempo para percorrer os 10m (T10). Os achados deste estudo indicam que as crianças do grupo de nível avançado apresentaram maiores valores de FC, DC, VN e IN quando comparadas às de nível iniciante e intermediário. Ainda, foram identificadas que o TDMNC e os parâmetros cinemáticos possuem alta correlação. O estudo mostra a viabilidade da utilização da avaliação qualitativa da aprendizagem na natação, por meio do teste TDMNC para ser utilizado em crianças.
ESCORE DO FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN E LESÃO NO FUTEBOL
Authors: D’Avila Marcelo , Ferreira Gustavo Dias , Bender Lincoln Belmonte , Bergmann Gabriel Gustavo , Pinheiro Eraldo Dos Santos
Published: March 2021

O futebol é uma modalidade de grande exigência física com movimentos de potência e sprints com mudança de direção. Devido à alta intensidade, ocorre uma maior predisposição às lesões. O Functional Movement Screen (FMS) é um modelo de avaliação para identificar assimetrias e desequilíbrios musculo-esqueléticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os efeitos de dois meses de pré-temporada no escore do teste FMS e sua relação com as lesões ao longo da competição. Participaram deste estudo 28 atletas profissionais de futebol, com idade média de 25,1 ± 6,5. Foi realizado o FMS antes e após a pré-temporada e durante o período competitivo foi verificada a ocorrência de lesões. Houve uma melhora (p
Cargos judiciales, destitución, inmunidad y rendición de cuentas
Authors: Bulmer Elliot
Published: March 2021

Los diferentes volúmenes de las Guías Introductorias para la Elaboración Constitucional pretenden contribuir a los procesos nacionales de elaboración o reforma constitucional ayudando a los ciudadanos, partidos políticos, organizaciones de la sociedad civil, funcionarios públicos y miembros de asambleas constituyentes a tomar decisiones constitucionales informadas. Además proporcionan orientación al personal de las organizaciones intergubernamentales y a otros agentes externos en su intento de apoyar de manera informada y relevante al contexto a los decisores políticos locales. Las Guías se han concebido como introducción para lectores no especializados y como recordatorio útil para lectores con conocimientos previos o experiencia en elaboración constitucional. Las Guías, organizadas temáticamente en torno a las decisiones prácticas que deben tomar los contribuyentes a la elaboración constitucional, tienen como objetivo explicar cuestiones constitucionales complejas de manera rápida y sencilla.
Démocratie Locale
Authors: Bulmer Elliot
Published: March 2021

La série des Guides introductifs à l’élaboration d’une constitution d’IDEA International vise à assister l’élaboration ou la révision des constitutions, en aidant les citoyens, les partis politiques, les organisations de la société civile, les représentants et les membres des assemblées constituantes à prendre des décisions avisées dans ce domaine. Ces Guides introductifs donnent également des conseils au personnel des organisations internationales ainsi qu’aux autres acteurs extérieurs qui cherchent à fournir aux décideurs locaux un soutien technique adapté au contexte et étayé par des informations fiables. Chacun d’entre eux est conçu comme une introduction à l’intention de lecteurs non spécialistes, et constitue un aide-mémoire pratique pour les personnes disposant de connaissances ou d’une expérience préalable en matière d’élaboration d’une constitution. Les Guides introductifs, organisés par thématique en fonction des choix concrets que doivent faire les personnes responsables de l’élaboration ou de la révision d’une constitution, visent à expliquer des enjeux constitutionnels complexes de manière simple et brève.
ترتيبات الحكم المؤقت في البيئات الهشة وبيئات ما بعد الصراع
Authors: Forster Robert
Published: March 2021

یقدم ھذا التقریر فھماً لترتيبات الحكم المؤقتة خلال التحولات السیاسیة الجوھریة وطریقة عملها على مستوى الممارسة العملیة. ترتیبات الحكم المؤقتة ھي إطار مؤسسي أنشئ لیكون بمثابة 'الجسر' الذي ینقل بلداً ما من حالة الشلل الحكومي الناجم عن أزمة سیاسیة أو عنیفة تقع غالباً في الماضي السلطوي إلى حكومة أكثر سلاماً ودیمقراطیة وشمولاً لكل الأطراف. في كانون أول/دیسمبر ۲۰۱۹ ، قامت المؤسسة الدولیة للدیمقراطیة والانتخابات بالتعاون مع مركز إدنبره للقانون الدستوري وأكادیمیة العدالة العالمیة وبرنامج أبحاث التسویات السیاسیة بجامعة إدنبره، وبدعم مالي من مكتب الشؤون الخارجیة والكومنولث والتنمیة بالمملكة المتحدة باستضافة حوار إدنبره حول بناء الدستور في فترات ما بعد الصراع. حوار إدنبره ھو محفل سنوي یجمع خبراء وممارسین مختصین في بناء الدستور وحل النزاعات والوساطة دعماً للبحث في مجال متخصص من مجالات بناء الدستور في فترات ما بعد الصراع.
Statistical Analysis of Adhesive Bond Parameters in a Single Lap Joint System
Authors: Asraar Anjum  , Jaffar Syed Mohamed Ali  , Jalal Mohamed Zayan  , Abdul Aabid
Published: March 2021

The design and sizing of adhesives used for bonding of two or more similar/dissimilar materials in aerospace and automobile structural engineering studies have always been important. A vast number of studies have reported via experimental, numerical, and analytical methods of lap joint system with adhesive bonding. Optimization studies of the adhesives used in joints are highly necessary which can be done either with numerical or experimental data in determining the suitable parameters for the specified solution through the design of experiments analysis. In this study, a single lap joint with different variables has been modelled and the resulting stress was measured in each case. A standard two-dimensional plane stress element was used for modelling of single lap joint stress elements. Furthermore, a statistical analysis method was used to optimize the selected parameters for the improvement of current solutions with suitable parameters. The results showed that the response values of stresses were influenced by input parametric variables which control the stresses and reduces the risk of damage to the adhesive bonds used in the joints. Moreover, based on the present optimization results it has been found that the thick adhesive bond will result in higher shear stress transfer with less width and suitable for the lower applied voltage.
Stoffströme und Wissensproduktion in der globalen Bioökonomie: Die Fortsetzung globaler Ungleichheiten
Authors: Backhouse Maria , Lühmann Malte
Published: March 2021

Strategiepapiere der EU und Deutschlands zur Förderung einer Bioökonomie verfolgen ein globales Transformationsprojekt: Mithilfe von Forschung und technologischen Innovationen soll der gesellschaftliche Wandel weg von fossilen, hin zu nachwachsenden Rohstoffen (Biomasse) und einer Kreislaufwirtschaft gelingen. Ausgerechnet die Produktion von Biomasse in der globalisierten Landwirtschaft ist aber seit Kolonialzeiten von ungleichen Tauschbeziehungen zwischen biomasseproduzierenden Semi-/Peripherien und weiterverarbeitenden (Technologie-)Zentren durchdrungen. Mittlerweile greifen weltweit Länder in den Zentren und Semi-/Peripherien das Narrativ der Bioökonomie auf und es stellt sich die Frage, ob in der Bioökonomie eine Veränderung der globalen Ungleichheiten in Bezug auf die Stoffströme und die Wissensproduktion angelegt ist. Anknüpfend an Weiterentwicklungen der Weltsystemtheorie zum ungleichen ökologischen Tausch sowie zur ungleichen globalen Wissensproduktion zeigen wir, dass die für die Bioökonomie relevanten stofflichen und technologischen transnationalen (Tausch-)Beziehungen die bestehenden globalen Ungleichheitsverhältnisse zwischen Zentren und Semi-/Peripherien fortschreiben. Mit dieser Analyse erweitern wir unter anderem das neuere Forschungsfeld zu den staatlichen Bioökonomiestrategien und den politischen Debatten um ihre Ausrichtung, das bisher hauptsächlich auf Europa und Nordamerika fokussiert war. Eine globale Ungleichheitsperspektive, wie sie in kritischen entwicklungstheoretischen und -politischen Debatten geläufig ist, stellt hier eine unerlässliche Verschiebung des Blickwinkels dar.
Welche Bio_Ökonomie für welche Zukunft? Zur Repolitisierung eines Diskurses im Globalen Norden durch Einsichten aus Tansania
Authors: Pissarskoi Eugen , Ouma Stefan , Schopp Kerstin , Singo Leiyo , Potthast Thomas
Published: March 2021

Mehrere Kritiker*innen warnen, dass die Verbreitung des Bioökonomie-Diskurses die Kolonialität von Märkten und Wissen weiter verfestige, welche die formal postkolonialen Nord-Süd-Beziehungen prägten. In diesem Text stimmen wir diesem Gedankengang nur teilweise zu. Kritiker*innen der globalen Wirkungsmacht des Bioökonomie-Diskurses setzen ein zu enges Verständnis von Bioökonomie voraus. Wir argumentieren, dass ein unumstrittener Kern des Bioökonomie-Diskurses darin liegt, Visionen und Wege zu konzipieren, wie Institutionen zur Ermöglichung menschlichen Wohlergehens derart organisiert werden können ("Wirtschaft"), dass sie den Erfordernissen inter- und intragenerationeller Gerechtigkeit entsprechen und alle moralisch berücksichtigungswürdigen Wesen berücksichtigen ("Bio"). Um diesen "Raum des Möglichen" zu öffnen, schlagen wir vor, die Idee der "Bioökonomie" strategisch neu anzueignen und stattdessen den Begriff "Bio_Ökonomie" zu verwenden: Der Unterstrich verweist auf eine breite Vielfalt ethisch rechtfertigbarer Visionen, wie das "Bio" mit der "Ökonomie" verknüpft werden sollte. Das gesamte Spektrum der politischen Diskurse über die Zukunft der Landwirtschaft in den Ländern Subsahara-Afrikas enthält das Potenzial, einen kritischen Diskurs über Bioökonomie-Visionen entstehen zu lassen. Diese These belegen wir anhand von zwei Fallstudien aus dem landwirtschaftlichen Diskurs in Tansania: zu Landnutzung und zu gentechnisch veränderten Organismen. In beiden Bereichen finden sich Indizien dafür, dass es eine Vielfalt bio_ökonomischer Visionen gibt, die von verschiedenen Interessengruppen in Tansania, wenn auch implizit, befürwortet werden.
Die extraktive Basis der Bioökonomie. Synthetische Düngemittel, Peak Phosphorus und alternative Technologien
Authors: Anlauf Axel
Published: March 2021

Verschiedene Bioökonomie-Strategien zielen auf die Substitution fossiler Brennstoffe durch nachwachsende Rohstoffe. Jedoch ist auch die Produktion agrarischer Ressourcen im derzeitigen Modell der industriellen Landwirtschaft ein extraktives System, das auf die ständige Zufuhr externer Nährstoffe angewiesen ist. Nach einer historisch-theoretischen Analyse dieser Nährstoffflüsse geht der Beitrag auf den Nährstoff Phosphor bzw. den Rohstoff Phosphatgestein ein. Es zeigt sich, dass Phosphatgestein, jahrzehntelang eine „billige Massenware“, ab 2007 zu einem strategischen Rohstoff wurde, wobei auch Analysen über ein mögliches Fördermaximum (Peak Phosphorus) um das Jahr 2030 entstanden sind. Anhand exemplarischer Strategien staatlicher und privater Akteure zum Umgang mit der neuen Situation wird deutlich, dass die Kontrolle über Phosphor-Flüsse zunehmend umkämpft ist. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass Bioökonomie-Strategien bereits bestehende Auseinandersetzungen um die Phosphatversorgung verschärfen und globale Ungleichheiten verstärken, die unter anderem in Ernährungskrisen hervortreten. Technologische Erneuerungen, die auch im Rahmen der Bioökonomie vorangetrieben werden, erlauben nur eine bedingte Abkehr vom extraktiven Charakter der Landwirtschaft, können aber die Interessen dominanter Akteure sichern.
Pfadabhängigkeiten in der Bioökonomie überwinden? Landwirtschaftliche Intensivierungsprozesse aus sozial-ökologischer Perspektive
Authors: Alff Henryk , Spies Michael
Published: March 2021

Der Wandel zu einer „bio-basierten“ Wirtschaft, wie er in nationalen und internationalen Bioökonomie-Strategien propagiert wird, kann nur mit tiefgreifenden Veränderungen landwirtschaftlicher Systeme zur Steigerung der Agrarproduktion einhergehen. Besonders in Ländern des Globalen Südens gingen solche Prozesse jedoch meist mit unbeabsichtigten – oder in Kauf genommenen – negativen Konsequenzen wie Umweltdegradation oder die Verschärfung gesellschaftlicher Ungleichheiten einher. Dennoch finden die Kenntnisse über die Risiken bisheriger landwirtschaftlicher Interventionen kaum in politischen Bioökonomie-Strategien Berücksichtigung, die auf wirtschaftlich-technische Lösungen einer „nachhaltigen“ Intensivierung durch agrartechnologische Innovationen auf der einen, und eine Ausweitung von Produktionsflächen auf der anderen Seite setzen. Wie diese Produktionssteigerungen ökologisch und sozial nachhaltig gestaltet werden sollen, bleibt unklar, und bisherige Erfahrungen mit derartigen Interventionen lassen eher das Gegenteil befürchten. Anhand von zwei historischen Beispielen – der Grünen Revolution im Punjab Pakistans und der Neulandkampagne in Kasachstan – skizziert der Beitrag die vielschichtigen sozialen und ökologischen Folgen bisheriger, großangelegter landwirtschaftlicher Interventionen zur Produktionssteigerung und geht der Frage nach, inwiefern diese Erfahrungen (besser) in Bioökonomie-Strategien Berücksichtigung finden (können). Kritische Reflektion sollte dabei vor allem die Rolle institutioneller Pfadabhängigkeiten in der Gestaltung aktueller und zukünftiger Entwicklungen erfahren. Wie bisherige Erfahrungen im Landwirtschaftssektor deutlich machen, müssen Bioökonomie-Strategien ihren geforderten systemischen Ansatz ernst nehmen – was impliziert, dass technologie- und produktivitätsorientierte Ziele stets sozialen und ökologischen Zielen untergeordnet werden müssen.
Pneumatic transport of bulk materials in construction of composite floating docks
Authors: Rashkovskyi A.S. , Shchedrolosiev A.V. , Neiman V.M. , Kanash O.Y.
Published: March 2021

Investigations of pneumatic transport of bulk materials used in shipbuilding have carried out. Their abrasiveness, wear of straight and curved sections of pipelines were investigated. Theoretically, the dependences of the amount of wear on various factors were defined: abrasiveness and concentration of transported particles, flow rate, pipe diameter and wear resistance of its material, structural and operational features of the transport system, etc. Formulas for determining the maximum useful life of straight and curved sections of pipelines are obtained. Theoretical results confirmed experimentally.
Improved Prediction of Imminent Progression to Clinically Significant Memory Decline Using Surface Multivariate Morphometry Statistics and Sparse Coding
Authors: Stonnington Cynthia M. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Wu Jianfeng , Zhang Jie , Shi Jie , Bauer III Robert J. , Devadas Vivek , Su Yi , Locke Dona E.C. , Reiman Eric M. , Caselli Richard J. , Chen Kewei , Wang Yalin
Published: March 2021

Background: Besides their other roles, brain imaging and other biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have the potential to inform a cognitively unimpaired (CU) person’s likelihood of progression to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and benefit subject selection when evaluating promising prevention therapies. We previously described that among baseline FDG-PET and MRI measures known to be preferentially affected in the preclinical and clinical stages of AD, hippocampal volume was the best predictor of incident MCI within 2 years (79%sensitivity/78%specificity), using standard automated MRI volumetric algorithmic programs, binary logistic regression, and leave-one-out procedures. Objective: To improve the same prediction by using different hippocampal features and machine learning methods, cross-validated via two independent and prospective cohorts (Arizona and ADNI). Methods: Patch-based sparse coding algorithms were applied to hippocampal surface features of baseline TI-MRIs from 78 CU adults who subsequently progressed to amnestic MCI in approximately 2 years (“progressors”) and 80 matched adults who remained CU for at least 4 years (“nonprogressors”). Nonprogressors and progressors were matched for age, sex, education, and apolipoprotein E4 allele dose. We did not include amyloid or tau biomarkers in defining MCI. Results: We achieved 92%prediction accuracy in the Arizona cohort, 92%prediction accuracy in the ADNI cohort, and 90%prediction accuracy when combining the two demographically distinct cohorts, as compared to 79%(Arizona) and 72%(ADNI) prediction accuracy using hippocampal volume. Conclusion: Surface multivariate morphometry and sparse coding, applied to individual MRIs, may accurately predict imminent progression to MCI even in the absence of other AD biomarkers.
Fluid Biomarkers in Clinical Trials for Alzheimer’s Disease: Current and Future Application
Authors: Yang Jianwei , Jia Longfei , Li Yan , Qiu Qiongqiong , Quan Meina , Jia Jianping
Published: March 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research is entering a unique moment in which enormous information about the molecular basis of this disease is being translated into therapeutics. However, almost all drug candidates have failed in clinical trials over the past 30 years. These many trial failures have highlighted a need for the incorporation of biomarkers in clinical trials to help improve the trial design. Fluid biomarkers measured in cerebrospinal fluid and circulating blood, which can reflect the pathophysiological process in the brain, are becoming increasingly important in AD clinical trials. In this review, we first succinctly outline a panel of fluid biomarkers for neuropathological changes in AD. Then, we provide a comprehensive overview of current and future application of fluid biomarkers in clinical trials for AD. We also summarize the many challenges that have been encountered in efforts to integrate fluid biomarkers in clinical trials, and the barriers that have begun to be overcome. Ongoing research efforts in the field of fluid biomarkers will be critical to make significant progress in ultimately unveiling disease-modifying therapies in AD.
In vitro Characterization of the Regional Binding Distribution of Amyloid PET Tracer Florbetaben and the Glia Tracers Deprenyl and PK11195 in Autopsy Alzheimer’s Brain Tissue
Authors: Ni Ruiqing , Röjdner Jennie , Voytenko Larysa , Dyrks Thomas , Thiele Andrea , Marutle Amelia , Nordberg Agneta
Published: March 2021

Background: Emerging evidence indicates a central role of gliosis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology. However, the regional distribution and interaction of astrogliosis and microgliosis in association with amyloid-β (Aβ) still remain uncertain. Objective: Here we studied the pathological profiles in autopsy AD brain by using specific imaging tracers. Methods: Autopsy brain tissues of AD (n = 15, age 70.4±8.5 years) and control cases (n = 12, age 76.6±10.9) were examined with homogenate binding assays, autoradiography for Aβ plaques (3H-florbetaben/3H-PIB), astrogliosis (3H-L-deprenyl), and microgliosis (3H-PK11195/3H-FEMPA), as well as immunoassays. Results: In vitro saturation analysis revealed high-affinity binding sites of 3H-florbetaben, 3H-L-deprenyl, and 3H-PK11195/3H-FEMPA in the frontal cortex of AD cases. In vitro 3H-florbetaben binding increased across cortical and subcortical regions of AD compared to control with the highest binding in the frontal and parietal cortices. The in vitro 3H-L-deprenyl binding showed highest binding in the hippocampus (dentate gyrus) followed by cortical and subcortical regions of AD while the GFAP expression was upregulated only in the hippocampus compared to control. The in vitro 3H-PK11195 binding was solely increased in the parietal cortex and the hippocampus of AD compared to control. The 3H-florbetaben binding positively correlated with the 3H-L-deprenyl binding in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of AD and controls. Similarly, a positive correlation was observed between 3H-florbetaben binding and GFAP expression in hippocampus of AD and control. Conclusion: The use of multi-imaging tracers revealed different regional pattern of changes in autopsy AD brain with respect to amyloid plaque pathology versus astrogliosis and microgliosis.
Social Networks and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in Cognitively Intact Older Adults: The CABLE Study
Authors: Ma Ya-Hui , Wang Ya-Yu , Tan Lan , Xu Wei , Shen Xue-Ning , Wang Hui-Fu , Hou Xiao-He , Cao Xi-Peng , Bi Yan-Lin , Dong Qiang , Yang Jiu-Long , Yu Jin-Tai
Published: March 2021

Background: Although social networks are deemed as moderators of incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD), few data are available on the mechanism relevant to AD pathology. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether social networks affect metabolism of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers during early stage and identify modification effects of genetic factor and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Methods: We studied participants from the Chinese Alzheimer’s disease Biomarker and Lifestyle (CABLE) database who received cognition assessments and CSF amyloid-β (Aβ1–42 and Aβ1–40) and tau proteins (total-tau [T-tau] and phosphorylated-tau [P-tau]) measurements. The social networks were measured using self-reported questionnaires about social ties. Linear regression models were used. Results: Data were analyzed from 886 cognitively intact individuals aged 61.91 years (SD = 10.51), including 295 preclinical AD participants and 591 healthy controls. Social networks were mostly associated with CSF indicators of AD multi-pathologies (low P-tau/Aβ1–42 and T-tau/Aβ1–42 and high Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40). Significant differences of genetic and cognitive status were observed for CSF indicators, in which associations of social network scores with CSF P-tau and indicators of multi-pathologies appeared stronger in APOE 4 carriers (versus non-carriers) and participants with SCD (versus controls), respectively. Alternatively, more pronounced associations for CSF T-tau (β= –0.005, p < 0.001), Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 (β= 0.481, p = 0.001), and T-tau/Aβ1–42 (β= –0.047, p < 0.001) were noted in preclinical AD stage than controls. Conclusion: These findings consolidated strong links between social networks and AD risks. Social networks as a modifiable lifestyle probably affected metabolisms of multiple AD pathologies, especially among at-risk populations.
Associations Between Retinal Artery/Vein Occlusions and Risk of Vascular Dementia
Authors: Lee Cecilia S. , Lee Michael L. , Gibbons Laura E. , Yanagihara Ryan T. , Blazes Marian , Kam Jason P. , McCurry Susan M. , Bowen James D. , McCormick Wayne C. , Lee Aaron Y. , Larson Eric B. , Crane Paul K.
Published: March 2021

Background: Vascular disease is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementia in older adults. Retinal artery/vein occlusion (RAVO) is an ophthalmic complication of systemic vascular pathology. Whether there are associations between RAVO and dementia risk is unknown. Objective: To determine whether RAVOs are associated with an increased risk of developing vascular dementia or AD. Methods: Data from Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study participants were analyzed. This prospective, population-based cohort study followed older adults (age ≥65 years) who were dementia-free at enrollment for development of vascular dementia or AD based on research criteria. RAVO diagnoses were extracted from electronic medical records. Cox-regression survival analyses were stratified by APOE ɛ4 genotype and adjusted for demographic and clinical factors. Results: On review of 41,216 person-years (4,743 participants), 266 (5.6%) experienced RAVO. APOE ɛ4 carriers who developed RAVO had greater than four-fold higher risk for developing vascular dementia (Hazard Ratio [HR] 4.54, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.86, 11.10, p = 0.001). When including other cerebrovascular disease (history of carotid endarterectomy or transient ischemic attack) in the model, the risk was three-fold higher (HR 3.06, 95% CI 1.23, 7.62). No other conditions evaluated in the secondary analyses were found to confound this relationship. There was no effect in non-APOE ɛ4 carriers (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.37, 2.80). There were no significant associations between RAVO and AD in either APOE group. Conclusion: Older dementia-free patients who present with RAVO and carry the APOE ɛ4 allele appear to be at higher risk for vascular dementia.
The control of the displacement of a passive particle in a point vortex flow
Authors: Balsa Carlos , Gama Sílvio M.A.
Published: March 2021

This work reports numerical explorations in advection of one passive tracer by point vortices living in the unbounded plane. The main objective is to find the energy-optimal displacement of one passive particle (point vortex with zero circulation) surrounded by N point vortices. The direct formulation of the corresponding control problems is presented. The restrictions are due to (i) the ordinary differential equations that govern the displacement of the passive particle around the point vortices, (ii) the available time T to go from the initial position z0 to the final destination zf, and (iii) the maximum absolute value umax that is imposed on the control variables. The latter consist in staircase controls, i.e., the control is written as a finite linear combination of characteristic functions on the real interval. The resulting optimization problems are solved numerically. The numerical results shows the existence nearly/quasi optimal control for the cases of N=1, N=2, N=3, and N=4 vortices.
Simulation of the wind fields over complex terrain with coupling of CFD and WRF
Authors: Luo Xiaoyu , Cao Yiwen
Published: March 2021

In the field of civil engineering, the meteorological data available usually do not have the detailed information of the wind near a certain site. However, the detailed information of the wind field during typhoon is important for the wind-resistant design of civil structures. Furthermore, the resolution of the meteorological data available by the civil engineers is too coarse to be applicable. Therefore it is meaningful to obtain the detailed information of the wind fields based on the meteorological data provided by the meteorological department. Therefore, in the present study, a one-way coupling method between WRF and CFD is adopted and a method to keep the mass conservation during the simulation in CFD is proposed. It is found that using the proposed one-way coupling method, the predicted wind speed is closer to the measurement. And the curvature of the wind streamline during typhoon is successfully reproduced.
3-D modeling and monitoring system on intelligent film-lifting shovel based on BECKHOFF
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Wang Shu , Wang Xinnan , He Guogeng
Published: March 2021

Film shovel is the key device for mechanized operation of residual film recovery, in which the depth of soil breakage of the shovel is related to the degree of damage to the plastic film and the recovery efficiency of the residual film. However, the current mode of operation requires experience and visual inspection, which often leads to low level of mechanization and inefficient operation. The topic is to improve the existing residual film recovery device, focusing on the three-dimensional modeling and monitoring system of intelligent film lifting shovel. By optimizing the three-dimensional structure of the intelligent film-lifting shovel and kinematics simulation analysis based on Adams software, the design inclination angle of the loosening shovel is 60∘, and the breaking depth of the safe operation is 20–50 mm. Then through the use of Ethernet interface based on EtherCAT bus and the real-time bidirectional communication between BECKHOFF CX2030 controller and module and HMI, the on-line data transmission in the process of intelligent film shovel operation is realized. Field test results verify that the intelligent film-lifting shovel is feasible in the intelligent operation and recovery efficiency of the residual film recovery operation, which can greatly improve the efficiency of the whole machine operation.
Design and optimization for current transformer core based on magnetic field analysis
Authors: Zhang Guoyong , Luo Jing , He Lifu , Zhou Xiudong , Fan Shaosheng
Published: March 2021

In order to ensure the safety and reliability of power system, more and more monitoring and maintenance equipment on transmission lines are being used. However, these equipment would not work without the supply of power. At present, the current transformer has been widely used in the on line power acquisition device. As an important part of the current transformer, the performance magnetic core has great influence on the power acquisition. In this paper, the core parameters of the current transformer in the on-line power acquisition device are designed, and the parameters such as core material and air gap length are optimized and verified by simulation as well.
Monitoring of bearing fatigue life based on hidden Markov model
Authors: Hu Jie , Deng Sier
Published: March 2021

With the increase in the intelligence of the production process and the increase in reliability requirements, the monitoring of the bearing life status after the event has been unable to meet the needs of industrial production. Performance degradation assessment and life monitoring have attracted more attention as intelligent methods based on condition maintenance. Hidden Markov model is a statistical probability model based on time series, which is very suitable for modeling the performance degradation process of equipment. Therefore, this paper proposes a life monitoring algorithm based on hidden Markov model. First, the continuous wavelet transform is introduced to obtain the optimal value of the shape factor or the stretch factor. Secondly, a hidden Markov model of multi-channel information fusion is proposed. The algorithm significantly improves the effectiveness and robustness of life monitoring. The hidden Markov model explicitly expresses the state duration distribution, making the model more suitable for life monitoring.
Applications of Tauberian theorems for double sequences of fuzzy numbers via De La Vallée Poussin mean
Authors: Choudhary Anu , Raj Kuldip , Mursaleen M.
Published: March 2021

Tauberian theorem serves the purpose to recuperate Pringsheim’s convergence of a double sequence from its (C, 1, 1) summability under some additional conditions known as Tauberian conditions. In this article, we intend to introduce some Tauberian theorems for fuzzy number sequences by using the de la Vallée Poussin mean and double difference operator of order r . We prove that a bounded double sequence of fuzzy number which is Δ u r - convergent is ( C , 1 , 1 ) Δ u r - summable to the same fuzzy number L . We make an effort to develop some new slowly oscillating and Hardy-type Tauberian conditions in certain senses employing de la Vallée Poussin mean. We establish a connection between the Δ u r - Hardy type and Δ u r - slowly oscillating Tauberian condition. Finally by using these new slowly oscillating and Hardy-type Tauberian conditions, we explore some relations between ( C , 1 , 1 ) Δ u r - summable and Δ u r - convergent double fuzzy number sequences.
Burden of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) on Patients and Caregivers in Canada
Authors: McMillan H.J. , Gerber B. , Cowling T. , Khuu W. , Mayer M. , Wu J.W. , Maturi B. , Klein-Panneton K. , Cabalteja C. , Lochmüller H.
Published: March 2021

Background:

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness, which occurs in one in 6,000 to 10,000 live births. The burden of SMA on Canadian patients and caregivers is not known.

Objective:

To characterize the burden of SMA in Canada as reported by patients and caregivers, including disease and treatment impacts, indirect costs, and caregiver burden.

Methods:

Surveys were distributed by Cure SMA Canada and Muscular Dystrophy Canada to individuals with SMA and their caregivers. The online surveys were anonymous and completed between January 28 and February 21, 2020.

Results:

965 patient and 962 caregiver responses met the eligibility criteria. Patients reported SMA subtypes as: type I (25.0%), type II (41.3%), type III (29.3%). Using the EQ-5D, patients were shown to have impaired quality of life with an average health utility index of 0.49 (SD: 0.26). The median expenditure was $4,500 CAD (IQR: $1,587 – $11,000) for assistive devices; $6,800 CAD (IQR: $3,900–$13,000) on health professional services; and $1,200 CAD (IQR: $600 –$3,100) on SMA-related travel and accommodation in the past 12 months. Caregivers reported needing respite care (45.7%), physiotherapy for an injury from a lift/transfer (45.7%), or other health impacts (63.3%). Caregivers reported changes to personal plans, sleep disturbances, and work adjustments, with a mean Caregiver Strain Index score of 7.5 [SD: 3.3].

Conclusion:

SMA in Canada is associated with a significant burden for patients and their caregivers.
Impaired Weight-Shift Amplitude in People with Parkinson’s Disease with Freezing of Gait
Authors: Dijkstra Bauke W. , Gilat Moran , Cofré Lizama L. Eduardo , Mancini Martina , Bergmans Bruno , Verschueren Sabine M.P. , Nieuwboer Alice
Published: March 2021

Background: People with Parkinson’s disease and freezing of gait (FOG; freezers) suffer from pronounced postural instability. However, the relationship between these phenomena remains unclear and has mostly been tested in paradigms requiring step generation. Objective: To determine if freezing-related dynamic balance deficits are present during a task without stepping and determine the influence of dopaminergic medication on dynamic balance control. Methods: Twenty-two freezers, 16 non-freezers, and 20 healthy age-matched controls performed mediolateral weight-shifts at increasing frequencies when following a visual target projected on a screen (MELBA task). The amplitude and phase shift differences between center of mass and target motion were measured. Balance scores (Mini-BESTest), 360° turning speed and the freezing ratio were also measured. Subjects with Parkinson’s disease were tested ON and partial OFF (overnight withdrawal) dopaminergic medication. Results: Freezers had comparable turning speed and balance scores to non-freezers and took more levodopa. Freezers produced hypokinetic weight-shift amplitudes throughout the MELBA task compared to non-freezers (p = 0.002), which were already present at task onset (p < 0.001). Freezers also displayed an earlier weight-shift breakdown than controls when OFF-medication (p = 0.008). Medication improved mediolateral weight-shifting in freezers and non-freezers. Freezers decreased their freezing ratio in response to medication. Conclusion: Hypokinetic weight-shifting proved a marked postural control deficit in freezers, while balance scores and turning speed were similar to non-freezers. Both weight-shift amplitudes and the freezing ratio were responsive to medication in freezers, suggesting axial motor vigor is levodopa-responsive. Future work needs to test whether weight-shifting and freezing severity can be further ameliorated through training.
Clinical analysis of CAD-CAM milled and printed complete dentures using computerized occlusal force analyser
Authors: Chaturvedi Saurabh , Addas Mohamed Khaled , Alqahtani Nasser M. , Al Ahmari Nasser M. , Alfarsi Mohammed A.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Digital complete dentures (CDs) by computer-aided designing and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques (milling and three-dimensional (3-D) printing) have been evaluated clinically and provided satisfactory results. But clinical studies assessing occlusal forces by digital dentures are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To compare the occlusal force parameters in complete dentures (CDs) fabricated by milling, 3-D printing and conventional techniques having 3 commonly used occlusal schemes, using computerized occlusal force analysis system (Tech-Scan III- T-Scan III). METHODS: A total of 45 CDs were fabricated for 5 patients. Nine sets of CDs were made for each patient and were divided into 3 groups: Conventional CDs (CCD), Milled CDs (MCD), and 3-D printed CDs (3-DP CD). The CDs in each group were further divided into 3 sub-groups based on occlusion schemes – bilateral balanced (BBO), lingualized (LO) and mono plane (MP). Occlusal force analysis [percentage (%) of occlusal force applied on the right and left sides of the arch difference between them, centralization of forces and % of maximum occlusal/bite force] was done using computerized occlusal analysis system (T-Scan III) at the time of denture insertion. Univariate regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The intergroup comparison of force distribution on right and left side in CDs fabricated by various techniques showed insignificant differences (p> 0.05) but statistically significant differences (p< 0.01) were found in right-left side force difference, maximum bite force % and centralization of forces. The maximum force difference on right and left side was observed CCD with MO (37.48 ± 1.03 N) and maximum occlusal-bite force % was observed for 3-DPCD with LO (95.40 ± 1.30 N). In comparison to 3-DP CD, the chances of centre of force out of ellipse (centralization of forces) was 3.36 and 2.15 times more in CCD and MCD techniques made CDs respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The occlusal parameters in CDs were affected by the fabrication techniques and occlusal schemes of CDs. The digital CDs retain adjusted occlusal schemes better and 3-DP CDs with BBO and LO occlusal schemes provided centralization of forces, better distribution and high maximum occlusal force % respectively.
People with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness demonstrate altered postural strategies in complex visual and cognitive environments
Authors: Lubetzky Anat V. , Aharoni Moshe M.H. , Arie Liraz , Krasovsky Tal
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: People with PPPD report imbalance, increase in symptoms and impaired function within complex visual environments, but understanding of the mechanism for these behaviors is still lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate postural control in PPPD we compared changes in center of pressure (COP) and head kinematics of people with PPPD (N = 22) and healthy controls (N = 20) in response to different combinations of visual and cognitive perturbations during a challenging balance task. METHODS: Participants stood in a tandem position. Static or moving stars (0.2 Hz, 5 mm or 32 mm amplitude, anterior-posterior direction) were displayed through a head-mounted display (HTC Vive). On half the trials, participants performed a serial-3 subtraction task. We measured medio-lateral and anterior-posterior path and acceleration of COP and head. RESULTS: Controls significantly increased all COP and head parameters with the cognitive task whereas PPPD increased only COP ML path and acceleration. Only controls significantly increased head anterior-posterior & medio-lateral acceleration with moving visual load. Cognitive task performance was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We observed altered postural strategies in people with PPPD, in the form of reduced movement with challenge, particularly around the head segment. The potential of this simple and portable head-mounted display setup for differential diagnosis of vestibular disorders should be further explored.
A STUDY OF PORT SITE INFECTION AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Dubey Prama
Published: March 2021

Background: Port site infections though rare, shall be evaluated and studied so as to improve the quality of healthcare.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on100 patients of all age group and both sexes with symptomatic cholelithiasis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were analysed for port site infection.

Result:   Out of 100 patients studied only 3 patients presented with port site infection.

Conclusion: It is concluded that port site infection are rare in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy and can be further reduced by proper selection of patients, and strictly following basic principles of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Keywords: Port site infection, laparoscopic, Cholecystectomy
ROLE AND CORELATION OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN EVALUATION OF ROTATOR CUFF IN PATIENTS WITH SHOULDER PAIN
Authors: More Niti , Bansal R P , Sharma Mukesh Kumar , Meena Bijendra Kumar , Gupta Abhishek
Published: March 2021

Background: Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complain encountered in general practice with an estimated point prevalence of 6.9 to 26% in the general population. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of ultrasonography in detecting rotator cuff tears taking MRI findings as the standard. Available literature related to the present study was reviewed and salient features of each pathology discussed.

Methods: This observational, prospective study was carried out in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, National Institute Of Medical Sciences & Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan. A total of 80 patients from all age groups with symptomatology related to rotator cuff of the shoulder joint, on the basis of inclusion criteria, were examined by USG and MRI from a period of January 2019 to June 2020.

Results: USG had good sensitivity (82 to 93%), specificity (92 to 97%), PPV (85 to 87%), NPV (91 to 98%) and accuracy (90 to 96%) as compared MRI for diagnosing supraspinatus lesions. The sensitivity and accuracy of USG for detecting full thickness tears was better than the same for partial thickness tears and tendinosis.

Conclusion: In our study, USG examination had excellent sensitivity, specificity and accuracy as compared MRI for diagnosing full thickness rotator cuff tears. It was also fairly accurate in detecting partial thickness tears and tendinosis. It was comparable to MRI in diagnosing and quantifying joint effusion and acromioclavicular degenerative changes. USG scored over MRI in diagnosing calcific tendinosis while some findings, such as labral tears, were only detected by MRI.

Keywords: MRI, USG, Shoulder pain.
A Survey : Data Mining and Machine Learning Methods for Cyber Security
Authors: Prajapati Ashish , Gupta Shital
Published: March 2021

This survey paper describes the literature survey for cyber analytics in support of intrusion detection of machine learnings (ML) and data mining (DM) methods. Short ML/DM method tutorial details will be given. Documents representing each method were categorized, read and summarized based on the number of citations and significance of an evolving method. Since data is so important.
Multistage Lung Cancer Detection and Prediction Using Deep Learning
Authors: Jawarkar Jay , Solanki Nishit , Vaishnav Meet , Vichare Harsh , Degadwala Sheshang
Published: March 2021

Earlier, the progression of the descending lung was the primary driver of the chaos that runs across the world between the two people, with more than a million people dies per year goes by. The cellular breakdown in the lungs has been greatly transferred to the inconvenience that people have looked at for a very predictable amount of time. When an entity suffers a lung injury, they have erratic cells that clump together to form a cyst. A dangerous tumor is a social affair involving terrifying, enhanced cells that can interfere with and strike tissue near them. The area of lung injury in the onset period became necessary. As of now, various systems that undergo a preparedness profile and basic learning methodologies are used for lung risk imaging. For this, CT canal images are used to see and save the adverse lung improvement season from these handles. In this paper, we present an unambiguous method for seeing lung patients in a painful stage. We have considered the shape and surface features of CT channel pictures for the sales. The perspective is done using undeniable learning methodologies and took a gender at their outcome.
Efficient Enhanced Sleep Awake Scheduling Using Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks : A Review
Authors: Mani Ms , Kaur Lovepreet
Published: March 2021

WSN is a distributed network that consists of great amount of sensor nodes and has the capacity of sensing, processing and transmits the partially processed and required data only. Sensor nodes have a tiny size, low cost but along with it the constraints of sensor node is they have limited memory, power source which is irreplaceable so power conservation should primarily focused by sensor network protocols. The proposed model was deals with environmental application where detection of forest fire is analyzed by taking parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and time using fuzzy logic as by detecting earlier of fire in forest it helps to prevent huge loss of living organism, infrastructure and property. After detection the proposed MSA (Modified Sleep Awake) model work in prolonging lifetime of WSN in forest fire application using selective sleep awake approach. Cloud computing help to overcome the limitation of WSN such as limited storage, processing, power life processing. The resource allocation problem is the major problem for a group of cloud user requests. The scheduling algorithms are termed as NP completeness problems in which FIFO scheduling is used by the master node to distribute resources to the waiting tasks. The problem like fragmentation of resources, low utilization of the resources such as CPU utilization, network throughput, disk I/O rate. In this paper different papers are reviewed and further it is implemented in research paper.
Fuzzy Logic and Their application in Different Areas of Engineering Science and Research : A Survey
Authors: Gupta Amit Kumar
Published: March 2021

This Paper give introduction to Fuzzy Logic and Various application in different branch of Engineering and Research. Fuzzy Logic is Applied branch of Mathematics in which Lots of research is taking place. Fuzzy Logic works on "if.....then.....".Fuzzy Logic gives the idea that members are not restricted to T or F definition. The concept of Fuzzy Logic is used in the various fields as Artificial Intelligence, Aerospace, Automotive Business, Defence, Electronics, Finance, Industrial Sector, Marine Sector, Manufacturing, Medical, Securities, Transportation Pattern Recognition and Classification, Psychology, etc. The whole field of Engineering as civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering real Reliability theory, Robotics, Computer Engineering is broad to be covered here in a comprehensive way.