bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Construction of Carbohydrate‐Tethered Axially Chiral Allenes via Copper Catalysis.
Authors: Huang Xin , Xue Can , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: December 2015

The allenes are prepared via three—component reaction of carbohydrate bearing terminal alkynes, aldehydes, and diphenylprolinol as stereodictating agent.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Alkynylation of Cyclopropanols.
Authors: Murali R. V. N. S. , Rao Nagavaram Narsimha , Cha Jin Kun
Published: December 2015

Various cyclopropanols including optically active ones are treated with 1‐bromo‐1‐alkynes to produce synthetically important alk‐4‐yn‐1‐one structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Acrolein.
Authors: Wang Haining , Hearne Zoe , Knauber Thomas , Dalko Maria , Hitce Julien , Marat Xavier , Moreau Magali , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: December 2015

The scalable title transformation of arylalkynes in acetone provides the corresponding 4‐alkynals in moderate to often high yields whereas application of water as the solvent delivers the products in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Chemoselective and Versatile Method for Direct Conversion of Carboxylic Acids to Ketones Utilizing Zinc Ate Complexes.
Authors: Murata Ryo , Hirano Keiichi , Uchiyama Masanobu
Published: December 2015

Conditions for the efficient transformation of a broad range of aryl, hetaryl, alkyl, and alkenyl carboxylic acids into the corresponding methyl, ethyl, and butyl ketones are elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Controlled Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Allenes: Regioselective Synthesis of α,β‐ and β,γ‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Liu Jie , Liu Qiang , Franke Robert , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: December 2015

The first general carbonylation reaction of various allenes with aliphatic alcohols is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Monoarylation of Primary Amines Using the Pd‐PEPPSI‐IPentCl Precatalyst.
Authors: Sharif Sepideh , Rucker Richard P. , Chandrasoma Nalin , Mitchell David , Rodriguez Michael J. , Froese Robert D. J. , Organ Michael G.
Published: December 2015

A broad spectrum of (het)aryl halides can be used in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Cu‐Catalyzed O‐Arylation of Aliphatic Diols.
Authors: Zheng Yufen , Zou Wenxing , Luo Laichun , Chen Jiabei , Lin Songwen , Sun Qi
Published: December 2015

Alkyl aryl ethers are obtained from multi‐substituted aryl iodides and a wide range of primary and secondary aliphatic diols under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aromatic β‐Keto Esters via a Carbonylative Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reaction of α‐Iodo Esters with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Sumino Shuhei , Ui Takahito , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: December 2015

A radical mechanism is proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Pd‐Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion Reaction of Enaminones by C—H Functionalization: Hydrolysis or Cyclization Through 1,3‐Palladium Migration.
Authors: Gu Zheng‐Yang , Wang Xiang , Cao Jia‐Jia , Wang Shun‐Yi , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: December 2015

Optimized conditions A) are developed for the preparation of amide derivatives which are formed by C—H functionalization followed by hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Buta‐1,3‐dienes Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Homocoupling of Aromatic Alkenes.
Authors: Wen Yanmei , Xie Jianying , Deng Chunmei , Wu Yulian
Published: December 2015

7 Title compounds are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of 1‐Tetralones to 1,2‐Naphthoquinones with IBX and to 1,4‐Naphthoquinones with Oxone® and 2‐Iodobenzoic Acid.
Authors: Ren Jiangmeng , Lu Lei , Xu Junchao , Yu Tianyin , Zeng Bu‐Bing
Published: December 2015

The substituents on the aromatic tetralone ring have a significant effect on the product yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent One‐Pot Oxidative [n + 1] Approaches to Spiroacetal Synthesis.
Authors: Peh GuangRong , Floreancig Paul E.
Published: December 2015

Two different protocols for preparation of spiroacetals are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Lactones via Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Oxyfunctionalization of Alkenes.
Authors: Zhu Rong , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: December 2015

A new method for the rapid synthesis of diverse enantiomerically enriched lactones is developed based on Cu‐catalyzed enantioselective radical oxyfunctionalization of alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereodivergent Intramolecular C(sp3)—H Functionalization of Azavinyl Carbenes: Synthesis of Saturated Heterocycles and Fused N‐Heterotricycles.
Authors: Lindsay Vincent N. G. , Viart Helene M.‐F. , Sarpong Richmond
Published: December 2015

A general method for the synthesis of five‐membered heterocycles by intramolecular C(sp3)—H functionalization is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 3,3′‐Mixed Bisindoles via Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reaction of Spiro‐epoxyoxindoles and Indoles.
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Maity Subrata , Maity Ramkrishna
Published: December 2015

The title ring opening reaction of spiro‐epoxyoxindoles is highly regioselective, can be scaled up and used for the formal total synthesis of gliocladin C (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Bicyclizations of O‐Alkynyl Aldehydes with Thiazolium Salts: A New Access Toward Poly‐Functionalized Indeno[2,1‐b]pyrroles.
Authors: Zhou Peng , Hao Wen‐Juan , Zhang Jin‐Peng , Jiang Bo , Li Guigen , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: December 2015

The reaction efficiency is influenced by the electronic properties of the substrates′ arylalkynyl substituent with electron‐donating and sterically demanding aryl as well as hetaryl substituents providing lower product yields than the corresponding electron‐withdrawing or neutral counterparts.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 1‐Arylpyrazoles.
Authors: Yang Yiwen , Kuang Chunxiang
Published: December 2015

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of 3‐arylsydnones to acrylic acid followed by loss of CO2 and dehydrogenation produces 1‐arylpyrazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed C‐Arylation of Amino Acid Derived Hydantoins.
Authors: Fernandez‐Nieto Fernando , Mas Rosello Josep , Lenoir Simone , Hardy Simon , Clayden Jonathan
Published: December 2015

Various aryl iodides are suitable reactants under conditions A) to produce the desired 5,5‐disubstituted hydantoin structures.
ChemInform Abstract: I2‐Catalyzed C—O Bond Formation and Dehydrogenation: Facile Synthesis of Oxazolines and Oxazoles Controlled by Bases.
Authors: Gao Wen‐Chao , Hu Fei , Huo Yu‐Ming , Chang Hong‐Hong , Li Xing , Wei Wen‐Long
Published: December 2015

Oxazolines or oxazoles are selectively synthesized from β‐acylamino ketones under similar reaction conditions by simply changing the base.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization and Energetic Properties of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles.
Authors: Hall C. Dennis , et al.
Published: December 2015

The cyclization between nitro‐substituted benzoic acids and nitro‐substituted benzohydrazides affords oxadiazoles, some of them with potential as high‐energy compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Cationic Claisen‐Type Electrophilic Rearrangements of Amides.
Authors: Padmanaban Mohan , Carvalho Luisa C.R. , Petkova Desislava , Lee Ji‐Woong , Santos A. Sofia , Marques M. Manuel B. , Maulide Nuno
Published: December 2015

The investigation leads to the preparation of hydrocoumarin, tetrahydroquinoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline and indole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Sequential Reactions Featuring a Copper‐Catalyzed Amination Leading to Pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5‐c]quinolines and Dihydropyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5‐c]quinolines.
Authors: Fan Xue‐Sen , Zhang Ju , Li Bin , Zhang Xin‐Ying
Published: December 2015

The one‐pot, three‐step, three‐component reaction starts from 2‐aminopyridines, 2‐bromophenylacyl bromides and either aryl, hetaryl, alkenyl, or alkyl aldehydes and offers access to the titles′ pyrido derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization Leads to a Bridged Tetracyclic Indolenine that Represses β‐Lactam Resistance.
Authors: Xu Wenqing , Wang Wei , Wang Xiang
Published: December 2015

Tricyclic N‐heterocyclic substrates silylated at the indole nitrogen are found to be optimal for the cyclization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Conjugate Addition of Alkenylboronic Acids to Enedicarbonyl Compounds Towards the Synthesis of Pyridazine Derivatives.
Authors: Roscales Silvia , Sancho Ainhoa , Csaky Aurelio G.
Published: December 2015

The regioselective conjugate addition of alkenylboronic acids to substrates (I) provides pyridazinone precursors (III) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Control of the SNAr Amination of 5‐Substituted‐2,4‐dichloropyrimidines Using Tertiary Amine Nucleophiles.
Authors: Lee Mijoon , Rucil Tomas , Hesek Dusan , Oliver Allen G. , Fisher Jed F. , Mobashery Shahriar
Published: December 2015

The regioselective reaction of 2,4‐dichloro‐5‐nitropyrimidine (I) with tertiary amines (II) and (VI) leads to pyrimidin‐2‐amines (III) and (VII), resp., whilst the reaction with N‐methylpyrrolidine gives rise to unexpected chloride (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Borylation of Primary Benzylic C—H Bonds Without a Directing Group: Scope, Mechanism, and Origins of Selectivity.
Authors: Larsen Matthew A. , Wilson Conner V. , Hartwig John F.
Published: December 2015

The borylation of methylarenes with a silylborane reagent and a new iridium catalyst containing an electron‐deficient phenanthroline ligand selectively leads to benzylic boronate esters over the corresponding aryl boronate esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Synthesis of P‐Perfluoroalkylated Phosphines from Triarylphosphines and Their Application in the Copper‐Free Cross‐Coupling of Acid Chlorides and Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Kawaguchi Shin‐ichi , Minamida Yoshiaki , Okuda Takumi , Sato Yuki , Saeki Tomokazu , Yoshimura Aya , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya
Published: December 2015

A practical synthesis yielding P‐perfluoroalkylated phosphines from triarylphosphines and perfluoroalkyl iodides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynols with Diorganyl Diselenides: Synthesis of 2,5‐Dihydrofuran, 3,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyran, and 2,5‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrrole Organoselanyl Derivatives.
Authors: Casola Kamila K. , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson
Published: December 2015

The optimized reaction conditions are compatible with many functional groups in the 1,4‐butynediols and diorganyl diselenides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Icacinlactone H and Icacintrichantholide from the Tuber of Icacina trichantha.
Authors: Zhao Ming , Onakpa Monday M. , Santarsiero Bernard D. , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Qi , Chen Jia , Cheng Jian‐Jun , Longnecker Richard , Che Chun‐Tao
Published: December 2015

Both title compounds are isolated as colorless amorphous powders.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemical Synthesis of an Efficient Nanocrystalline BaFBr:Eu2+ X‐Ray Storage Phosphor.
Authors: Wang Xianglei , Riesen Hans
Published: December 2015

Nanocrystalline BaFBr:Eu2+ is fabricated by high‐energy ball‐milling of equimolar BaF2, BaBr2, and ≈1 mol% EuBr2 (20 Hz, 120 min) followed by vacuum annealing (150—900 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Original Synthetic Route to Obtain a SrAl2O4 Phosphor by the Molten Salt Method: Insights into the Reaction Mechanism and Enhancement of the Persistent Luminescence.
Authors: Rojas‐Hernandez Rocio Estefania , Rubio‐Marcos Fernando , Goncalves Ricardo Henrique , Rodriguez Miguel Angel , Veron Emmanuel , Allix Mathieu , Bessada Catherine , Fernandez Jose Francisco
Published: December 2015

The formation mechanism of SrAl2O4 in a molten salt synthesis is systematically investigated by DSC‐TG‐DTG, in‐situ XRD, and Raman spectroscopic analyses.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Facet Tailoring Arts in Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Huang Keke , Yuan Long , Feng Shouhua
Published: December 2015

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetocaloric Effect in “Reduced” Dimensions: Thin Films, Ribbons, and Microwires of Heusler Alloys and Related Compounds
Authors: Khovaylo Vladimir V. , Rodionova Valeria V. , Shevyrtalov Sergey N. , Novosad Val
Published: December 2015

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Atomic‐Configuration Modeling of Ion‐Conducting Crystalline Oxide by Diffraction Technique and Theoretical Calculation
Authors: Kitamura Naoto
Published: December 2015

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinspired Functional Analogs of the Active Site of Molybdenum Enzymes: Intermediates and Mechanisms
Authors: Heinze Katja
Published: December 2015

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stable Molecular Magnesium(I) Dimers: A Fundamentally Appealing Yet Synthetically Versatile Compound Class
Authors: Jones Cameron , Stasch Andreas
Published: December 2015

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comprehensive Review of Glycosylated Bacterial Natural Products
Authors: Elshahawi Sherif I. , Shaaban Khaled A. , Kharel Madan K. , Thorson Jon S.
Published: December 2015

Review: 1348 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions: An Efficient Catalyst for Green Organic Synthesis
Authors: Prajapati Neelam P. , Vekariya Rajesh H. , Patel Hitesh D.
Published: December 2015

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developing Steroidal Aromatase Inhibitors — An Effective Armament to Win the Battle Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Yadav Mange Ram , Barmade Mahesh A. , Tamboli Riyaj S. , Murumkar Prashant R.
Published: December 2015

Review: [184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: State‐of‐the‐Art of Small Molecule Inhibitors of the TAM Family: The Point of View of the Chemist
Authors: Baladi Tom , Abet Valentina , Piguel Sandrine
Published: December 2015

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Reactions with Unactivated Allylic Substrates
Authors: Butt Nicholas A. , Zhang Wanbin
Published: December 2015

Review: recent developments; 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Reactions of Alkynes: Recent Advances
Authors: Fang Guichun , Bi Xihe
Published: December 2015

Review: [348 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis Involving Phosphinite‐Based Metallacycles
Authors: Adhikary Anubendu , Guan Hairong
Published: December 2015

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Lanthanum‐Based Perovskite Oxides for Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Huiyuan , Zhang Pengfei , Dai Sheng
Published: December 2015

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fine Chemicals with High Added Value from Sucrose: Synthesis of Macrocyclic Receptors from “Normal” Sugar
Authors: Jarosz Slawomir
Published: December 2015

Review: synthesis and complexation properties of macrocyclic receptors with sucrose scffold; 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reactions of Chiral Organo‐Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Angamuthu Venkatachalam , Tai Dar‐Fu
Published: December 2015

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Distant C—H Activation/Functionalization: A New Horizon of Selectivity Beyond Proximity
Authors: Sharma Ritika , Thakur Kavita , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Inder , Sharma Upendra
Published: December 2015

Review: recent progress in remote C‐H activation, mechanistic understanding, and its aplication; 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Selected Properties of Metallo and Metal‐Free 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐Octacarboxyphthalocyanines
Authors: Nackiewicz Joanna , Kliber Marta
Published: December 2015

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Characterization of Immobilized Enzymes as Heterogeneous Biocatalysts
Authors: Bolivar Juan M. , Eisl Ingrid , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: December 2015

Review: 211 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Material Selection for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology: A Review
Authors: Mahato Neelima , Banerjee Amitava , Gupta Alka , Omar Shobit , Balani Kantesh
Published: December 2015

Review: 1146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Epitaxial Growth of Hetero‐Nanostructures Based on Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Nanosheets
Authors: Tan Chaoliang , Zhang Hua
Published: December 2015

Review: 79 refs.
Red‐Tuned Mn d–d Emission in Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Authors: Pradhan Narayan
Published: December 2015

Light‐emitting Mn‐doped semiconductor nanocrystals have been extensively studied for the last three decades for their intense and stable Mn d–d emission. In principle, this emission should be fixed at 585 nm (yellow), but recent studies have shown that the emission can be widely tuned even to 650 nm (red). This is a spectacular achievement as this would make Mn‐doped nanocrystals efficient and tunable light emitters. Keeping these developments in view, the chemistry of the synthesis of these materials, their photophysical processes and the expected origins of their red emission are summarized in this Minireview. All the related important studies from 1992 onwards are chronologically discussed, and one particular case is elaborated on in detail. As these materials are potentially important for biology, and photovoltaic, sensing and light‐emitting devices, this Minireview is expected to help researchers investigating the chemistry, physics and applications of these materials.
Ultrafine Nanocrystalline CeO2@C‐Containing NaAlH4 with Fast Kinetics and Good Reversibility for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Yongfeng , Wang Ke , Li You , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge
Published: December 2015

A nanocrystalline CeO2@C‐containing NaAlH4 composite is successfully synthesized in situ by hydrogenating a NaH‐Al mixture doped with CeO2@C. Compared with NaAlH4, the as‐prepared CeO2@C‐containing NaAlH4 composite, with a minor amount of excess Al, exhibits significantly improved hydrogen storage properties. The dehydrogenation onset temperature of the hydrogenated [NaH‐Al‐7 wt % CeO2@C]‐0.04Al sample is 77 °C lower than that of the pristine sample because of a reduced kinetic barrier. More importantly, the dehydrogenated sample absorbs ∼4.7 wt % hydrogen within 35 min at 100 °C and 10 MPa of hydrogen. Compositional and structural analyses reveal that CeO2 is converted to CeH2 during ball milling and that the newly formed CeH2 works with the excess of Al to synergistically improve the hydrogen storage properties of NaAlH4. Our findings will aid in the rational design of novel catalyst‐doped complex hydride systems with low operating temperatures, fast kinetics, and long‐term cyclability.
NFATc1 releases BCL6‐dependent repression of CCR2 agonist expression in peritoneal macrophages fromSaccharomyces cerevisiaeinfected mice
Authors: Busch Rhoda , Murti Krisna , Liu Jiming , Patra Amiya K. , Muhammad Khalid , Knobeloch Klaus‐Peter , Lichtinger Monika , Bonifer Constanze , Wörtge Simone , Waisman Ari , Reifenberg Kurt , Ellenrieder Volker , Serfling Edgar , Avots Andris
Published: December 2015

The link between the extensive usage of calcineurin (CN) inhibitors cyclosporin A and tacrolimus (FK506) in transplantation medicine and the increasing rate of opportunistic infections within this segment of patients is alarming. Currently, how peritoneal infections are favored by these drugs, which impair the activity of several signaling pathways including the Ca++/CN/NFAT, Ca++/CN/cofilin, Ca++/CN/BAD, and NF‐κB networks, is unknown. Here, we show thatSaccharomyces cerevisiaeinfection of peritoneal resident macrophages triggers the transient nuclear translocation of NFATc1β isoforms, resulting in a coordinated, CN‐dependent induction of theCcl2,Ccl7, andCcl12genes, all encoding CCR2 agonists. CN inhibitors block the CCR2‐dependent recruitment of inflammatory monocytes (IM) to the peritoneal cavities ofS. cerevisiaeinfected mice. In myeloid cells, NFATc1/β proteins represent the most prominent NFATc1 isoforms. NFATc1/β ablation leads to a decrease of CCR2 chemokines, impaired mobilization of IMs, and delayed clearance of infection. We show that, upon binding to a composite NFAT/BCL6 regulatory element within theCcl2promoter, NFATc1/β proteins release the BCL6‐dependent repression ofCcl2gene in macrophages. These findings suggest a novel CN‐dependent cross‐talk between NFAT and BCL6 transcription factors, which may affect the outcome of opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.
Design of a New Multilevel Inverter Standalone Hybrid PV/FC Power System
Authors: Venkateshkumar M. , Raghavan R. , Kumarappan N.
Published: December 2015

This paper analyzes different topologies of hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/fuel cell (FC) power system in standalone applications. Proposed topology with a compact conversion system using less number of power semiconductor, switches will improve hybrid system power quality. The MATLAB SIMULINK tool is utilized to design and develop the proposed system by which voltage regulators common coupling point voltage is controlled and regulated. Simulated results are compared with IEEE 1547 standard to authenticate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed system will be implemented in real time prototype model. The real time prototype model results are compared with simulation results.
Cultivating Campus Environments to Maximize Success Among Latino and Latina College Students
Authors: Kiyama Judy Marquez , Museus Samuel D. , Vega Blanca E.
Published: December 2015

This chapter highlights the factors that hinder or contribute to the success of Latino and Latina students at predominantly White institutions. The Culturally Engaging Campus Environments (CECE) Model is offered as a framework from which to create environments for Latino/a students to thrive in college.
Lucha Libre and Cultural Icons: Identity Formation for Student Success at HSIs
Authors: Natividad Nicholas D.
Published: December 2015

This chapter examines the importance of culturally relevant imagery and representation and identity development curriculum for college students. It calls for higher education institutions to embrace cultural strengths as an asset rather than a deficit.
Acute Myocardial Infarction, Use of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, and Mortality: A Comparative Effectiveness Analysis Covering Seven European Countries
Authors: Hagen Terje P. , Häkkinen Unto , Belicza Eva , Fatore Giovanni , Goude Fanny ,   on behalf of the EuroHOPE study group
Published: December 2015

Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients have increased substantially in the last 12–15 years because of its clinical effectiveness. The expansion of PCI treatment for AMI patients raises two questions: How did PCI utilization rates vary across European regions, and which healthcare system and regional characteristic variables correlated with the utilization rate? Were the differences in use of PCI associated with differences in outcome, operationalized as 30‐day mortality? We obtained our results from a dataset based on the administrative information systems of the populations of seven European countries. PCI rates were highest in the Netherlands, followed by Sweden and Hungary. The probability of receiving PCI was highest in regions with their own PCI facilities and in healthcare systems with activity‐based reimbursement systems. Thirty‐day mortality rates differed considerably between the countries with the highest rates in Hungary, Scotland, and Finland. Mortality was lowest in Sweden and Norway. The associations between PCI and mortality were remarkable in all age groups and across most countries. Despite extensive risk adjustment, we interpret the associations both as effects of selection and treatments. We observed a lower effect of PCI in the higher age groups in Hungary. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcome, Use of Resources and Their Relationship in the Treatment of AMI, Stroke and Hip Fracture at European Hospitals
Authors: Häkkinen Unto , Rosenqvist Gunnar , Iversen Tor , Rehnberg Clas , Seppälä Timo T. ,   on behalf of the EuroHOPE study group
Published: December 2015

The aim of the present study was to compare the quality (survival), use of resources and their relationship in the treatment of three major conditions (acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke and hip fracture), in hospitals in five European countries (Finland, Hungary, Italy, Norway and Sweden). The comparison of quality and use of resources was based on hospital‐level random effects models estimated from patient‐level data. After examining quality and use of resources separately, we analysed whether a cost–quality trade‐off existed between the hospitals. Our results showed notable differences between hospitals and countries in both survival and use of resources. Some evidence would support increasing the horizontal integration: higher degrees of concentration of regional AMI care were associated with lower use of resources. A positive relation between cost and quality in the care of AMI patients existed in Hungary and Finland. In the care of stroke and hip fracture, we found no evidence of a cost–quality trade‐off. Thus, the cost–quality association was inconsistent and prevailed for certain treatments or patient groups, but not in all countries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase 1 Study of ABT‐751 in Combination With CAPIRI (Capecitabine and Irinotecan) and Bevacizumab in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Rudek Michelle A. , Dasari Arvind , Laheru Daniel , He Ping , Jin Runyan , Walker Rosalind , Taylor Gretchen E. , Jimeno Antonio , Donehower Ross C. , Hidalgo Manuel , Messersmith Wells A. , Purcell W. Thomas
Published: December 2015

ABT‐751 is an orally bioavailable sulfonamide with antimitotic properties. A nonrandomized phase 1 dose‐escalation study of ABT‐751 in combination with CAPIRI (capecitabine and irinotecan) and bevacizumab was conducted to define the maximum tolerated dose, dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), and pharmacokinetics in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Patients were treated with ABT‐751 daily for 7 days (alone) and then began 21‐day cycles of treatment with ABT‐751 daily and capecitabine twice daily for 14 days plus irinotecan on day 1 intravenously. Bevacizumab was added as standard of care at 7.5 mg/kg on day 1 after the first 2 dose levels. Because of intolerance to the regimen, a reduced dose of ABT‐751 was also explored with reduced‐dose and full‐dose CAPIRI with bevacizumab. ABT‐751 and irinotecan pharmacokinetics, ABT‐751 glucuronidation, and protein binding were explored. Twenty‐four patients were treated over 5 dose levels. The maximum tolerated dose was ABT‐751 125 mg combined with full‐dose CAPIRI and bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg on day 1. DLTs were hypokalemia, elevated liver tests, and febrile neutropenia. ABT‐751 is metabolized by UGT1A8 and to a lesser extent UGT1A4 and UGT1A1. Irinotecan and APC exposure were increased, SN‐38 exposure was similar, and SN‐38 glucuronide exposure was decreased. Clinically relevant alterations in ABT‐751 and irinotecan pharmacokinetics were not observed. Despite modest efficacy, the combination of ABT‐751, CAPIRI, and bevacizumab will not be studied further in colorectal cancer.
Comparison of natural crosslinking agents for the stabilization of xenogenic articular cartilage
Authors: Pinheiro Amanda , Cooley Avery , Liao Jun , Prabhu Rajkumar , Elder Steven
Published: December 2015

Osteochondral xenografts are potentially inexpensive, widely available alternatives to fresh allografts. However, antigen removal from xenogenic cartilage may damage the extracellular matrix and reduce compressive stiffness. Non‐crosslinked xenogenic cartilage may also undergo rapid enzymatic degradation in vivo. We hypothesized that natural crosslinking agents could be used in place of glutaraldehyde to improve the mechanical properties and enzymatic resistance of decellularized cartilage. This study compared the effects of genipin (GNP), proanthocyanidin (PA), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on the physical and mechanical properties of decellularized porcine cartilage. Glutaraldehyde (GA) served as a positive control. Porcine articular cartilage discs were decellularized in 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate and DNase I followed by fixation in 0.25% GNP, 0.25% PA, 0.25% EGCG, or 2.5% GA. Decellularization decreased DNA by 15% and GAG by 35%. For natural crosslinkers, the average degree of crosslinking ranged from approximately 50% (EGCG) to 78% (GNP), as compared to 83% for the GA control. Among the natural crosslinkers, only GNP significantly affected the disc diameter, and shrinkage was under 2%. GA fixation had no significant effect on disc diameter. Decellularization decreased aggregate modulus; GA and GNP, but not EGCG and PA, were able to restore it to its original level. GNP, PA, and GA conferred a similar, almost complete resistance to collagenase degradation. EGCG also conferred substantial resistance but to a lesser degree. Overall, the data support our hypothesis and suggest that natural crosslinkers may be suitable alternatives to glutaraldehyde for stabilization of decellularized cartilage. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1037–1046, 2016.
Design of the extraction process for terpenes and other volatiles from allspice by solid‐phase microextraction and hydrodistillation
Authors: Bajer Tomáš , Ligor Magdalena , Ligor Tomasz , Buszewski Bogusław
Published: December 2015

Methods for the separation and determination of terpenes (mono‐ and sesqui‐) and phenylpropanoids such as eugenol and methyleugenol from samples of allspice berries have been developed. Chromatographic analyses of isolated groups of compounds were carried out by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A comparison of various types of solid‐phase microextraction fibers was performed. The highest yields of terpenes were extracted by polydimethylsiloxane and divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fibers (almost the same for these two fibers), approximately twice as much as by Carbowax/divinylbenzene fiber. The highest amounts of monoterpenes were extracted by divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber, and the highest amounts of sesquiterpenes were extracted by polydimethylsiloxane fiber. Moreover, the effect of water addition on extraction yields as well as time and temperature of extraction were tested. Aroma profiles of extracts obtained by solid‐phase microextraction and essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of allspice berries were compared. The aroma profile of the divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber extract was similar to the aroma profile of essential oil. Particular characteristics of volatile allspice matters were presented. The linear retention indices for each compound were calculated.
Preparative isolation of a cytotoxic principle of a forest mushroom Suillus luteus by sodium dodecyl sulfate based “salting‐in” countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Yang Zhi , Hu Xueqian , Wu Shihua
Published: December 2015

In the course of screening new anticancer natural products, an edible forest mushroom Suillus luteus (L. Ex Franch). Gray was found to have potent cytotoxicity against several human cancer cells. However, the lipophilic sample made some countercurrent chromatography solvent systems emulsify, which caused difficulties in the separation of its cytotoxic components. Here, we found that the addition of an organic salt sodium dodecyl sulfate could efficiently shorten the settling time of the mushroom sample solutions by eliminating the emulsification of two‐phase solvent systems. Moreover, we found that sodium dodecyl sulfate could play a new “salting‐in” role and made the partition coefficients of the solutes decrease with the increased concentrations. Thus, a sodium dodecyl sulfate based salting‐in countercurrent chromatography method has been successfully established for the first time for preparative isolation of a cytotoxic principle of the mushroom. The active component was identified as isosuillin. Whole results indicated that sodium dodecyl sulfate could be used as an efficient salting‐in reagent for two‐phase solvent system selection and targeted countercurrent chromatography isolation. It is very useful for current natural products isolation and drug discovery.
Thermomechanical Properties and Shape‐Memory Behavior of Bisphenol A Diacrylate‐Based Shape‐Memory Polymers
Authors: Santiago David , De la Flor Silvia , Ferrando Francesc , Ramis Xavier , Sangermano Marco
Published: December 2015

A series of acrylate‐based shape‐memory materials are synthesized from bisphenol A diacrylate monomers as crosslinking agents. Networks are synthesized by keeping constant the content of bisphenol A‐based crosslinking agent and systematically varying the content ratio of different monofunctional chain builder monomers. The implications of the structure of bisphenol A‐based monomers and the chemical structure and content of monofunctional monomers on thermomechanical properties are discussed. Thermomechanical properties are analyzed using dynamic mechanical analyses and mechanical properties are studied at room temperature and at the onset of the glass transition temperature. Shape‐memory performances under isothermal and transient temperature conditions are also carried out. Tensile tests show excellent values of stress at break up to 45 and 15 MPa at room and high temperature, respectively. The measurements show excellent shape recovery and shape fixity ratios, ≈95% and 97%, respectively. These materials also show very high recovery velocities under transient temperature conditions, up to 24% min−1, and very short recovery times, up to 1.5 s, under isothermal conditions in a water bath. The results confirm that networks synthesized from bisphenol A crosslinkers are promising shape‐memory materials.

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An efficient pseudospectral method for numerical solution of nonlinear singular initial and boundary value problems arising in astrophysics
Authors: Mehrpouya Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2015

In the manuscript, a pseudospectral method is developed for approximate and efficient solution of nonlinear singular Lane–Emden–Fowler initial and boundary value problems arising in astrophysics. In the proposed method, the Gauss pseudospectral method is utilized to reduce the problem to the solution of a system of algebraic equations. Furthermore, the Gauss pseudospectral method is developed for finding the first zero of the solution of this equation that gives the radius of the star, in which the numerous properties of the star such as mass, central pressure, and binding energy can be computed through their relations to this solution. The main advantage of the proposed method is that good results are obtained even by using a small number of discretization points and the rate of convergence is high. The accuracy and performance of the proposed method are examined by means of some numerical experiments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Block of CDK1‐dependent polyadenosine elongation of Cyclin B mRNA in metaphase‐i‐arrested starfish oocytes is released by intracellular pH elevation upon spawning
Authors: Ochi Hiroe , Aoto Saki , Tachibana Kazunori , Hara Masatoshi , Chiba Kazuyoshi
Published: December 2015

Meiotic progression requires the translation of maternal mRNAs in a strict temporal order. In isolated animal oocytes, translation of maternal mRNAs containing a cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE), such as cyclin B, is activated by in vitro stimulation of meiotic resumption which induces phosphorylation of CPEB (CPE‐binding protein) and elongation of their polyadenosine (poly(A)) tails; whether or not this model can be applied in vivo to oocytes arrested at metaphase of meiosis I in ovaries is unknown. In this study, we found that active CDK1 (cyclin‐dependent kinase 1) phosphorylated CPEB in ovarian oocytes arrested at metphase I in the starfish body cavity, but phosphorylation of CPEB was not sufficient for elongation of cyclin B poly(A) tails. Immediately after spawning, however, mRNA was polyadenylated, suggesting that an increase in intracellular pH (pHi) upon spawning triggers the elongation of poly(A) tails. Using a cell‐free system made from maturing oocytes at metaphase I, we demonstrated that polyadenylation was indeed suppressed at pH below 7.0. These results suggest that a pH‐sensitive process, functioning after CPEB phosphorylation, is blocked under physiologically low pHi (<7.0) in metaphase‐I‐arrested oocytes. The increase in pHi (>7.0) that occurs after spawning triggers polyadenylation of cyclin B mRNA and progression into meiosis II. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 79–87, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nop2 is required for mammalian preimplantation development
Authors: Cui Wei , Pizzollo Jason , Han Zhengbin , Marcho Chelsea , Zhang Kun , Mager Jesse
Published: December 2015

Nucleolar protein 2 (NOP2) is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human, and has been found to play an important role in accelerating cell proliferation, cell‐cycle progression, and tumor aggressiveness. The expression pattern and function of Nop2 during early mammalian embryo development, however, has not been investigated. We identified Nop2 as an essential gene for development to the blastocyst stage while performing an RNA interference (RNAi)‐based screen in mouse preimplantation embryos. Nop2 is expressed throughout preimplantation development, with highest mRNA and protein accumulation at the 8‐cell and morula stages, respectively. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of Nop2 results in embryos that arrest as morula. NOP2‐deficient embryos exhibit reduced blastomere numbers, greatly increased apoptosis, and impaired cell‐lineage specification. Furthermore, knockdown of Nop2 results in global reduction of all RNA species, including rRNA, small nuclear RNA, small nucleolar RNA, and mRNA. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Nop2 is an essential gene for blastocyst formation, and is required for RNA processing and/or stability in vivo during preimplantation embryo development in the mouse. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 124–131, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of natural halloysite with synthetic carbon nanotubes in poly(lactic acid) based composites
Authors: Erpek Canan Esma Yeniova , Ozkoc Guralp , Yilmazer Ulku
Published: December 2015

The objective of this study is to compare the mechanical properties, structure and degradability of the nanocomposites prepared with tubular nanofillers, halloysite (HNT) and carbon nanotube (CNT) in poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) toughened PLA (T‐PLA) matrices. In the PLA matrix, CNT increased, whereas HNT decreased the tensile strength with increasing filler content. Also, the elongation at break and impact strength decreased with increasing CNT content, but these properties were relatively unchanged with increasing HNT content. However, when (TPU) was used as an impact modifier‐compatibilizer, addition of HNT further increased the impact strength and the elongation at break of the matrix, since short and straight HNT fibers were pulled out from the extensible, toughened matrix. The long and curvy CNT fillers always caused brittle fracture and affected the impact strength and elongation at break in a negative manner as the CNT content was increased. Both types of fillers did not significantly influence the degradation of PLA or toughened PLA matrices. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2337–2346, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Zirconia coatings deposited by novel plasma‐enhanced aerosol–gel method
Authors: Miszczak Sebastian , Pietrzyk Bożena , Kucharski Daniel
Published: December 2015

The sol–gel technique is well known and widely used for manufacturing coatings. An aerosol–gel method is a modification of the classic sol–gel process. Preparation of coatings by this technique involves the formation of an aerosol and its deposition on the coated surfaces, where the aerosol droplets merge into a continuous layer. In this work, an aerosol–gel routine, enhanced with a low‐temperature plasma discharge, was used to produce zirconia coatings on different substrates. Low‐temperature plasma was used for preactivation of substrate surfaces prior to the sol deposition, and for treatment of deposited layers. The obtained coatings were characterized using optical, electron (SEM), and atomic force (AFM) microscopes, a contact‐angle device, a scratch tester, a grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffractometer (GIXRD), and an infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The results showed a significant influence of substrate plasma pretreatment on the formation and morphology of zirconia thin films. A noticeable effect of low‐temperature plasma treatment on the structure and properties of the obtained coatings was also presented. These results allow possible applications of this method for the preparation of zirconia coatings on temperature‐sensitive substrates to be predicted.
Cardioprotective Efficacy of Red Wine Extract of Onion in Healthy Hypercholesterolemic Subjects
Authors: Chiu Hui‐Fang , Shen You‐Cheng , Huang Ting‐Yun , Venkatakrishnan Kamesh , Wang Chin‐Kun
Published: December 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the red wine extract of onion (RO) and red wine (RW) on alleviating the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. During in vitro studies, various antioxidant activities [trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), DPPH, and H2O2 scavenging ability] of RO and RW group were evaluated. Both RO and RW showed the maximum antioxidant capacity. During in vivo studies, 23 healthy hypercholesterolemic volunteers were randomly selected and assigned into two groups, who drunk 250 mL of RO (n = 11) or RW (n = 10) for 10 weeks. No significant changes were observed in anthropometric parameters (body weight, height, body mass, and BMI) in each group. Both RW and RO extracts elevated (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity and thereby prolonging the lag time of low‐density lipoprotein oxidation. However, RO extract intake substantially suppressed (p < 0.05) the total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when equivalence with RW thus, indicating its additional hypocholesterolemic effect. The inflammatory markers such as factor VII were also positively modulated by RO extract. Results indicated that RO extract consumption rendered better cardio protective effect than RW by altering cholesterol, improving antioxidation and suppressing inflammatory marker levels and thereby, attenuating the cardiovascular disease incidence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust estimation of the proportion of treatment effect explained by surrogate marker information
Authors: Parast Layla , McDermott Mary M. , Tian Lu
Published: December 2015

In randomized treatment studies where the primary outcome requires long follow‐up of patients and/or expensive or invasive obtainment procedures, the availability of a surrogate marker that could be used to estimate the treatment effect and could potentially be observed earlier than the primary outcome would allow researchers to make conclusions regarding the treatment effect with less required follow‐up time and resources. The Prentice criterion for a valid surrogate marker requires that a test for treatment effect on the surrogate marker also be a valid test for treatment effect on the primary outcome of interest. Based on this criterion, methods have been developed to define and estimate the proportion of treatment effect on the primary outcome that is explained by the treatment effect on the surrogate marker. These methods aim to identify useful statistical surrogates that capture a large proportion of the treatment effect. However, current methods to estimate this proportion usually require restrictive model assumptions that may not hold in practice and thus may lead to biased estimates of this quantity. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric procedure to estimate the proportion of treatment effect on the primary outcome that is explained by the treatment effect on a potential surrogate marker and extend this procedure to a setting with multiple surrogate markers. We compare our approach with previously proposed model‐based approaches and propose a variance estimation procedure based on a perturbation–resampling method. Simulation studies demonstrate that the procedure performs well in finite samples and outperforms model‐based procedures when the specified models are not correct. We illustrate our proposed procedure using a data set from a randomized study investigating a group‐mediated cognitive behavioral intervention for peripheral artery disease participants. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advancing Tissue Engineering: A Tale of Nano‐, Micro‐, and Macroscale Integration
Authors: Leijten Jeroen , Rouwkema Jeroen , Zhang Yu Shrike , Nasajpour Amir , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: December 2015

Tissue engineering has the potential to revolutionize the health care industry. Delivering on this promise requires the generation of efficient, controllable and predictable implants. The integration of nano‐ and microtechnologies into macroscale regenerative biomaterials plays an essential role in the generation of such implants, by enabling spatiotemporal control of the cellular microenvironment. Here we review the role, function and progress of a wide range of nano‐ and microtechnologies that are driving the advancements in the field of tissue engineering.
Further evidence of the involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway in Dupuytren’s disease
Authors: ten Dam Evert-Jan P. M. , van Beuge Marike M. , Bank Ruud A. , Werker Paul M. N.
Published: December 2015

Genetic background plays an important role in the development of Dupuytren’s disease. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) showed that nine loci are associated with the disease, six of which contain genes that are involved in Wnt signaling (WNT2, WNT4, WNT7B, RSPO2, SFRP4, SULF1). To obtain insight in the role of these genes, we performed expression studies on affected and unaffected patient’s tissues. Surgically obtained nodules and cords from eight Dupuytren’s patients were compared to patient-matched control tissue (unaffected transverse palmar fascia). The Wnt-related genes found in the GWAS, the classical Wnt-downstream protein β-catenin, as well as (myo)fibroblast markers were analyzed using real-time qPCR and immunohistochemical stainings for mRNA levels and protein levels, respectively. The collagen-coding genes COL1A1 and COL3A1 were highly upregulated on mRNA level, both in cords and nodules. Three Wnt-related genes were found to be differently regulated compared to control tissue: WNT2 was downregulated in nodules, WNT7B was upregulated in nodules, and SFRP4 was upregulated in nodules and cords. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly less staining of Wnt2 in cords, but significantly more staining for Wnt7b in nodules. There was significantly more staining of α-SMA in nodules and cord and β-catenin in nodules than in control tissue. We found differences in expression, both at mRNA and protein level, in several Wnt-related genes found earlier to be associated with Dupuytren’s disease. Of these, Wnt7b was upregulated and found in close association with both α-SMA and β-catenin expressing cells, making it a candidate pro-fibrotic mediator in Dupuytren’s disease.
Central Asia in Asia: Charting growing trans-regional linkages
Authors: Contessi Nicola P.
Published: December 2015

As the so-called ‘Asian Century’ unfolds, Central Asian countries are increasingly directing their foreign relations eastward. Meanwhile, Asian states are equally turning to Central Asia in their search for energy resources and new markets. This dual dynamic is giving rise to closer and deeper ties in three key areas. As far as infrastructures are concerned, various Asian powers have adopted Silk Road policies that see Central Asia as a fundamental transit route for their long-haul connectivity projects. In the field of trade, Central Asia's exchanges with other Asian countries have been growing steadily since the 1990s, in some cases even coming to rival, in comparative terms, exchanges with the West. Lastly, in terms of multilateralism, Central Asia is increasingly enmeshed in a web of overlapping institutions with a strong Asian identity, coexisting with the region's Western institutional references. The article then problematizes this emerging pattern by sketching out some of the possible ramifications that could stem from the sustainment and consolidation of these trends for the international order and the global balance of power.