bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring seasonal and interannual water level variability using sentinel-3 radar altimetry data: Application to Lake Buyo from 2016 to 2020.
Authors: Oularé Sekouba , Koffi  Kouamé Fernand , Armel Kouassi Komenan Christian , Deh Kouakou Serge , Therrien René
Published: September 2022

In this work, we evaluate the contribution of radar altimetry in the analysis of water level variations in Lake Buyo, located in the southwest of Côte d'Ivoire. Lake Buyo is a major hydroelectric dam and plays an important role in economic, social and environmental terms. It is characterised by periods of high and low water which affect certain economic activities such as electricity production and fishing. Water level fluctuations in Lake Buyo also influence ecological processes and represent a marker of climate change in the region.

The altimetry data considered in this study come from the Sentinel-3A satellite, more precisely from tracks n° 016 and n° 743 from orbits 8 and 372 respectively, which cover the area of interest. These level 2 data are available on the CTOH platform. They have been corrected from atmospheric and geophysical effects to make them operational. The calculation of the water level is based on the range measured by the altimeter and the sum of these corrections.

The results indicate that the Buyo lake is intensively recharged from June to September. The time between December and May represents the drying period of the lake. Furthermore, the analysis of inter-annual variations shows that 2016 has the highest peak in the study period. From 2016 to 2020, the maximum water level heights show a decreasing trend with estimated values of 200.98 m; 200.55 m; 200.53 m; 200.05 m; 198.36 m. The trend in the water level of the lake is therefore constantly decreasing.

Although these results have not yet been validated in the field, they constitute a very important preliminary database for monitoring Lake Buyo. Indeed, recent studies have evaluated the performance of several radar altimetry missions, including Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B for continental water level surveys.

Keywords: Radar altimetry, Sentinel-3A, CTOH, Lake Buyo, Water level, Hydroelectric dam, Ivory Coast
Hydrograph separation method based on a hydrological model and a chemical-statistical approach
Authors: Suchkova Ksenia , Motovilov Yury
Published: September 2022

There is a wide spectrum of different hydrograph separation methods including empirical, numerical, chemical and physical. Hydrograph separation studies to quantify the respective contributions of different runoff components has been performed based on the physically-based runoff formation ECOMAG model (Suchkova, Motovilov, 2019) and chemical monitoring data. Firstly, parameters of the ECOMAG model were calibrated against runoff measurements on the river catchment (area 1 360 km2) in European Russia. Besides, the water quality monitoring hydrochemical data on electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, base cations (Na+, K+) as a tracers applied to precise of parameters of the physically-based model and reduce the uncertainty of estimated runoff components. Results show the subsurface (soil) water prevails in the total mean annual runoff (46%), surface runoff and groundwater flow have 22, and 32% respectively. The study demonstrates that data from regular monitoring of water quality (more than 100 samples per year) can be used as a reliable tracer for quantifying the genetic structure of river runoff.

The next step is to compare different approaches to the separation of the base flow, such as the trace-based method, the graphical method (straight line, Kudelin method), the filtering method (HYSEP), the digital filter (recursive digital filter). The results of two-component hydrographic separation show that the use of different separation methods is contradictory. For example, one or two parameters of the filtering and digital filter method were very sensitive. The advantages of automated methods are obvious and consist in using only daily flow data. Unfortunately, these empirical and numerical methods of hydrograph separating are not based on hydrological considerations and physical processes. Thus, the advantage of a physically-based method of separating hydrographs using a chemical-statistical approach as a reference provides the possibility of reliable assessment of water sources in runoff for planning water protection measures and water use.

This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation project no. 22-27-00598, https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-27-00598/

References

Suchkova K.V., Motovilov Yu.G. Sensitivity Assessment of a Runoff Formation Model in the Mozhaisk Reservoir River Basin, Water Resources, 2019, Vol. 46, Suppl. 2, pp. S40–S50.
The performance of rainwater harvesting systems in the context of deep uncertainties
Authors: Ribeiro Pacheco Gabriela Cristina , Albuquerque Alves Conceição de Maria
Published: September 2022

Rainwater harvesting systems (RHS) has been a relevant alternative of water supply in urban areas facing increasing water demand associated to limited water availability. However, previous work has showed that the performance of these systems is highly affected by climate data such as precipitation (well characterized uncertainties). The present study aims to assess the impact of system parameters (water demand, tariffs, storage volume, collect area) named here as deep uncertainties factors influence the feasibility of RHS. So, performance criteria were defined such as Percentage of Satisfied Demand - PSD, Reliability - REL, Percentage of Rainwater Harvesting - PRH, Net Present Value - NPV, Net Present Value Volume - NPV and Benefit Cost Rate - BCR for different scenarios that incorporate uncertainties in precipitation regime, water tariff, discount rate and increase of operating costs rate. The simulation of the RHS performance considered eight categories of residential buildings according to representative water consumption (ranging from 4.748 to 44.673 m³/month) and two characteristic catchment areas for each of the four group of demands (ranging from 60 to 400 m²) in the city of Rio Verde located in the central of Brazil. An ensemble of 1000 scenarios was defined using the Latin Hipercube Sampling (LHS) method and booststrapping resampling (in the case of precipitation). Then, it was evaluated how different scenarios affected each indicator and if uncertainties from some of the parameters have a greater impact on the performance criteria. Results showed low influence of precipitation scenarios on the performance criteria, maybe due to the sampling method that did not generate significant variability. For the elements with deep uncertainty, the relationship among the water tariff and the discount rate readjustments with NPV was confirmed. Thus, the importance of evaluating these elements carefully to achieve rainwater harvesting systems projected performance was confirmed.
Generating knowledge from water management situations: a pragmatist approach to socio-hydrology
Authors: Barreteau Olivier , Adamczewski Amandine , Bonte Bruno , Collard Anne-Laure , Kuper Marcel , Leduc Christian , Lejars Caroline , Massuel Sylvain , Ogilvie Andrew , Riaux Jeanne , Seguin Laura , Venot Jean-Philippe
Published: September 2022

We consider socio-hydrological systems (SHS) as complex sets of interacting and organized social and biophysical constituents, embedded in locally grounded pathways. As interdependencies among constituents increase and global changes challenge the modus vivendi within SHS, there is an urgent need to understand their evolutions more comprehensively, and support their transition towards sustainable pathways. We build here on a pragmatist [1] approach of socio-hydrology to handle these needs. This approach is best developed when addressing environmental management situations as it relies on the active involvement of academics with multiple stakeholders communities within SHS. With dedicated socio-technical boundary objects (e.g. simulation models, serious games, photographs, narratives…), we provide the conditions for an in depth dialogue on the processes at stake within the SHS. The main purpose is to enhance contextual information to uncover chains of consequences following changes in water or land uses. This approach starts with the collaborative identification of key dynamics of the investigated SHS and thorough shared explanation of the multiple perspectives to identify interactions among constituents of the SHS. As an engaged way of doing research, pragmatism requires to adjunct reflexivity on the collaborative research process to govern evolutions of interactions, and formalize learning for researchers and communities alike stemming out of their collaborative investigation.
The communication builds on few examples across the world related (i) to the use of serious games to understand and foster possibilities of collective action to decrease non-point source agricultural pollution, (ii) the historical and socio-technical analysis of existing infrastructures to support the design of water regulations, and (iii) the consequences of modernization of irrigation networks on water resource at SHS level. Collaborative elaboration of representations leads to uncover and connect processes discussed in separated arenas, such as the benefits of development of soil protection infrastructures in vineyard to decrease the use of pesticides. These experiments indicate that a clear mandate from an operational actor considered legitimate by most (if not all) stakeholders helps to achieve transformative outcomes, while a mandate rooted in academic concerns provides key insights on potential constraints for changes.
[1] Dewey, J. (1916) Education and Democracy. The Free Press
Simulation of the hydrological impacts of climate change on the Zayanderud River Basin and the implications for the Gavkhuni Ramsar wetland, Iran.
Authors: Iravani Honeyeh , Thompson Julian R.
Published: September 2022

The hydrological characteristics of wetlands exert important ecological controls that influence the provision of many ecosystem services that wetlands provide. Wetlands are, however, subject to a host of pressures that include changes in their hydrology or the hydrology of the catchments in which they are located. Stressors include climate change, water withdrawals and diversions, as well as land-use change. Resulting alterations in wetland hydrological regime, which in some cases can occur relatively rapidly, outside the ecosystem's natural variability can have profound ecological consequences. Wetlands are, in particular, sensitive to changes in the quantity and timing of water inflows. This is especially true of floodplain and lacustrine wetlands located in the lower reaches of river systems. Assessment of the impacts of these changes and the development of strategies for sustainable wetland management, conservation, and restoration requires the application of numerical models that can accurately represent the hydrological conditions within wetlands and their catchments. High resolution, physically-based models provide a means of representing the often complex interactions between biophysical characteristics and hydrological processes. This study is based on the development of a MIKE SHE / MIKE 11 model of Zayanderud River Basin, which ultimately discharges into the Gavkhuni wetland, a brackish, shallow, lake and one of Iran's Ramsar sites. The wetland is the subject of local and national concern given the drought conditions that have persisted, with inflows from the Zayanderud River being eliminated in recent years. The MIKE SHE model employs a wide range of data obtained from national and global datasets whilst a number of approaches are used to address the significant gaps that characterize meteorological datasets for the river basin. The model also includes irrigation abstractions that are implicated in the decline of the Gavkhuni wetland. Following calibration/validation against observed river discharge at nine stations, the model is used to undertake a preliminary investigation of the impacts of climate change, with a particular emphasis on inflows to the Gavkhuni wetland, using an ensemble of GCMs.
Impact of urbanization on precipitation: a multi-site observation and modelling approach over the United States of America.
Authors: Lalonde-Le Pajolec Morgane , Dulac Alexandre , Bastin Sophie , Oudin Ludovic
Published: September 2022

Extreme climatic events are increasing on a global scale. Intense rainfall can induce floods, especially on impervious soils such as the ones we find in cities. Understanding how cities impact precipitation can help us to manage the risks generated by rainfall. Thus, numerous articles aim to investigate the potential effect of urban areas on precipitation. While many aspects of this effect are intensively studied, general conclusions are difficult to reach since the studies generally focused on one or a few cities and methodologies are often different preventing us to compare the role of different cities. In this study, we analyze the urban impact on precipitation at a country scale, 38 cities over the United States of America for 11 years (2002-2012). With an observation dataset (radar and rain gauges) and a convective-permitting climate simulation dataset (WRF) both at 4km resolution, we first examine the hourly precipitation variation according to wind directions. In particular, we assess precipitation means, maxima, and quantiles, as well as diurnal and seasonal effects downwind and upwind of each city. In a second step, we investigate the diversity of the results over our city set following three parameters: the urban sprawl, the altitude gradient, and the surface roughness.
A vision for human-water systems data
Authors: Kreibich Heidi , Yu David , Brozović Nick , Ceola Serena , Madruga de Brito Mariana , Quesnel Kimberly , Schröter Kai , Walker David
Published: September 2022

Research on the co-evolution of water and society is essential for supporting policy decisions and for the development and implementation of water management and climate adaptation strategies. Findable Accessible Interoperable Reusable (FAIR) data on human-water systems is needed to understand, model and project how these systems co-evolve. Our aim is to characterize data that support quality action and research concerning human-water systems and present examples how data of novel and emerging data sources help to tacklel data challenges and gaps. Our vision is FAIR data that support quality action and research. Such data need to have the following characteristics:

⮚ Data on human-water systems encompassing hydrological, environmental and socio-economic data.

⮚ Essential variables and indicators, meaningful for decision-makers, including detailed observational data describing interactions and feedbacks between hydrology and society.

⮚ Data across a broad range of different temporal and spatial scales.

⮚ Good quality data, i.e. intrinsically good, contextually appropriate for the task, clearly represented, and accessible to the data consumer.

FAIR data principles that need to be followed comprise the following:

⮚ Data needs to be findable, i.e., registered or indexed in a searchable resource, with a globally unique and persistent identifier and described with rich metadata.

⮚ Data needs to be accessible, (meta)data must be retrievable by their identifier using a standardized communications protocol that is open, free, and universally implementable.

⮚ Data needs to be interoperable, that is (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation and include qualified references to other data.

⮚ Data needs to be reusable, meta(data) should be richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes meeting domain-relevant community standards; and data should be released with a clear and accessible data usage license and detailed provenance.
Quantifying snow sublimation by Eddy covariance measurements on the High Atlas Mountain of Marrakech at Tazaghart plateau, Morocco
Authors: Hanich Lahoucine , Lahnik Ouiaam , Gascoin Simon , Chakir Adnane , Simonneaux Vincent
Published: September 2022

Mountains areas are often a valuable source of water supply in semi-arid watersheds and play an important role in the hydrologic processes and water balance. Precipitation in high altitude areas is important and forms a seasonal snowpack where water is stored during winter. Therefore, an accurate assessment of sublimation is essential in the overall hydrological cycle. In this context, an Eddy-covariance flux station was installed on the Tazaghart plateau, a wide flat area located at 3850 m.a.s.l. in the High Atlas mountain of Morocco, allowing continuous acquisitions between September 2020 and January 2021, with a timestep of 30 minutes, in order to estimate evapotranspiration and sublimation processes. The observation period included three successive contrasted phases, namely bare soil in September, a period dominated by snowmelt in October after the first snowfall, and finally, after two other snowfall events, a period dominated with sublimation in December.

The preliminary data analyses, from September 2020 to January 2021, show a diurnal sublimation cycle with a peak in the early afternoon and the highest relative snow sublimation fluxes that occurred with subzero temperatures, low atmospheric humidity and high incoming radiation. The daily average rate of sublimation measured was 0.41 mm per day. Measured sublimation accounted for 42% and 40% of snow ablation, based on the energy and water balance respectively. The estimated percentages are comparable, which supports the reliable measurements and provides validation of the Eddy covariance method, showing the ability of the Eddy covariance technic to quantify the direct measurements of winter water loss due to the sublimation of snowpacks, especially in higher areas where measurements are relatively difficult and rare.
Application of a new hydrogeological conceptual model of basement aquifers: Structuring and distribution of hydrodynamic properties. Critique and revision of piezometric mapping methods in a sub-basin of the Cavally River in western Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Aoulou Kouassi Aristide , Pistre Severin , Oga Yéï Marie Solange , Dewandel Benoît , Lachassagne Patrick
Published: September 2022

The Montagnes District is a metamorphic rocks area from Western Côte d’Ivoire covering an area of about 31,000 km2. Its capital is the city of Man. It is home to the largest industrial gold mine in Côte d'Ivoire, at Ity, with an annual production of 6 to 7 tons. Artisanal mining activities are also carried out in several places in the region. These activities can threaten groundwater, both in terms of quantity and quality. Therefore, a good understanding of the structure and functioning of aquifers in these mining areas is needed to prevent these impacts and to develop mining activities that are as environmentally friendly as possible.

This problem raises more generally the question of the validity of a hydrodynamic model explaining the origin of the permeability of hard rock aquifers in order to optimize groundwater resource management methods and better understand their vulnerability. To address this question, this work was able to rely on a statistical analysis of a database of 1654 boreholes.

Results shows that the structure of the aquifer is similar to that observed in several other hard rock areas in the world: it developed due to weathering processes, comprises the capacitive saprolite, 10–20 m thick on average, and an underlying transmissive fractured layer, overlying the unweathered impermeable hard rock. The fractured layer is about 80 m thick, the first 40 to 45 metres being its most productive zone, with a 11 m3/h median productivity.

The characterization of groundwater flow has led to the proposal of a new approach in the context of scarce piezometric data.

Finally, this research shows that the impacts of mining activities are local, limited mainly to the downstream part of the topographic watersheds where the mines are sited. There, groundwater quality and quantity may be affected, as well as the streams that drain these aquifers. In fact, surface water drains groundwater and therefore collects possible contaminants, downstream of the mines. A new approach to assessing the vulnerability of hard rock aquifers to contamination from mining has therefore been proposed.
Etude des caractéristiques hydrogéochimiques des points d’eau de consommation dans la banlieue de Brazzaville : cas du quartier Manianga et Kintélé stade (République du Congo).
Authors: Obami-Ondon Harmel , Ngouala Mabonzo Médard , Tchoumou Martin
Published: September 2022

 RÉSUMÉ

Cette étude a pour but de déterminer la qualité physico-chimique des points d’eau de consommation et des travaux ménagers des quartiers Manianga et Kintélé Stade au Nord de Brazzaville. Les échantillons d’eau ont été prélevés entre les mois août et octobre 2021, dont quatre (04) sources et un (01) puits durant cette étude. La caractérisation de ces eaux s’est basée sur des paramètres mesurés in-situ et au laboratoire. En plus, cette étude a fait appel à des méthodes hydrochimies qui utilisent les diagrammes de Piper, de Stabler, de Schoeller Berkaloff, de Stiff, de Wilcox et des méthodes statistiques classiques avec le logiciel XLSTAT. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés aux normes l’OMS pour eau de boisson et montrent que les eaux ont une température qui varie de 26,3 à 26,8 °C. Elles sont acides, avec un pH qui varie de 6,09 à 6,82. Les eaux sont faiblement minéralisées, avec une conductivité électrique moyenne de 63,2 μS/cm. Elles contiennent de faibles teneurs en fer qui varient de 0,01 à 0,04 mg.L-1 qui sont inférieures à la valeur guide OMS (0,3 mg.L-1). Dans ces eaux le Pb et le Cr présentent des valeurs inferieures à celle de l’OMS. L’analyse nous a permis également, de mettre en évidence la prédominance de faciès chimiques global chlorurée et sulfatée calcique et magnésienne dans ces eaux de la banlieue de Brazzaville. Les eaux de la zone d’étude sont de bonne qualité et aptes pour une consommation humaine sous réserve des résultats d’analyse microbiologique au préalable.

Mots-clés : ressources en eaux, physico-chimique, hydrogéochimique, Manianga et Kintélé stade.
How do reservoirs affect local and regional floods and droughts? 
Authors: Brunner Manuela Irene
Published: September 2022

Hydrological extremes can be particularly impactful in populated areas where they are modulated by human intervention such as reservoir regulation. However, little is known about how reservoir regulation affects hydrological extremes, particularly at a regional scale. Here, I present a large data set of natural and regulated catchment pairs in the United States and assess how reservoir regulation affects local and regional drought and flood characteristics. I show that (1) reservoir regulation affects drought and flood hazard at a local scale by reducing severity (i.e. intensity/magnitude and deficit/volume) but increasing duration; (2) regulation affects regional hazard by reducing spatial flood connectedness in winter and by increasing spatial drought connectedness in summer; (3) the local alleviation effect is only weakly affected by reservoir purpose for both droughts and floods. I conclude that both local and regional flood and drought characteristics are substantially modulated by reservoir regulation, an aspect that should neither be neglected in hazard nor climate impact assessments.
Rainfall risk over the city of Abidjan (Ivory Coast): First contribution to the joint analysis of daily rainfall from a historical record and a recent network of rain gauges.
Authors: Yao Kouakou Christian Junior , Kacou Modeste , Koffi Ehouman Serge , Dao Amidou , Dutremble Clément , Guilliod Maurice , Kamagaté Bamory , Neppel Luc , Paturel Jean-Emmanuel , Perrin Jean-Louis , Salles Christian , Séguis Luc , Zahiri Eric Pascal
Published: September 2022

In recent decades, floods are recurrent and intensifying in African major cities. Every year, rains cause material damage and human losses, in Abidjan (Ivory Coast). This study contributes to the characterization of the rain hazard in the District of Abidjan. The available data are made up of daily rainfall from a historical station "Abidjan airport" (1961-2014) and an academic network of 21 rain gauges progressively implemented in Abidjan since 2016.

 The annual rainfall observed from 2016 to 2021 on the sites of this network are representative of the interannual variability of the historical station. An analysis (date of occurrence, rainfall depth, mean intensity of wet days and number of rainy days) on the Highest Cumulative Rainfall Periods (HCRP:15, 30 and 60 days) is conducted on the long-term station, in order to characterize the periods of highest risk of flooding occurrence during the long and short rainy seasons. Date of HCRP occurrence during long rainy season is relatively stable over time. It tends to occur later in the short rainy season. In recent years, the mean intensity of wet days remains steady despite intensifying flooding.

The current network of rain gauges permits to discuss the spatial variability of the date of HCRP over Abidjan. It can be seen that the date of HCRP occurrence in the long rainy season is uniform across the area of Abidjan, whereas it appears more variable during the short rainy season. At the daily scale and for 60 days- HCRP of the two rainy seasons, the extreme quantiles are determined and their evolution analysed over the historical period.  With the current network, the experimental variograms of extreme rainfalls allows to evaluate their spatial extensions according to the rainy season.

Beyond this analysis of daily rainfall, the next step will consist in the characterisation of rainfall events at the sub-daily scale in order to update the intensity-duration-frequency curves and the design storm, which is a prerequisite for a better estimation of floods and sizing of structures.
Rainfall from ground-based rain gauges vs satellite products at different time steps in the southeast of the Republic of Djibouti 
Authors: Moussa Omar Golab , Paturel Jean-Emmanuel , Salles Christian , Mahe Gil , Jalludin Mohamed , Satge Frederic , Ismail Nour Mohamed , Hassan Hersi Abdillahi
Published: September 2022

The wadi Ambouli is at the origin of rare and severe flash floods with increasing frequency in recent years. These floods are responsible for a lot of damage including human lives and good losses. Moreover, the aquifer located in the south-eastern part of the wadi Ambouli watershed (794 km²) is essential as the main source of drinking water for the city of Djibouti. Therefore, knowledge and prevention of flows events are of primary relevance for the development and flood prevention of the city of Djibouti neasted downstream to the wadi Ambouli.

Within the framework of the management of the urban expansion of the city, it is necessary, in the long term, to set up a hydrological model in order to model the flow and flood processes and to better understand the groundwater/surface water dynamics. A special focus is needed toward the extreme events.

To overcome the few rainfall available data, remote sensing techniques have been used to provide more representative information on rainfall spatio-temporal distributions. We present here a comparative study of rainfall data from 15 satellite products with those from rain gauge stations located in the wadi Ambouli watershed.

The analysis is conducted on various time steps, annual, monthly and daily, at the spatial scale from the Ambouli watershed (794 km²) to the point scale (comparison of point rainfall station and satellite grid). The comparisons of time series are based on the correlation coefficient r with the corresponding p-value and the Kling Gupta Efficiency (KGE) criterion.

The first results at annual and monthly time steps show that 5 satellite products present a high correlation coefficient and KGE with ground rainfall data (EWEMBI, GPCC, JRA_55_Adj, MSWEP and WFDEI_GPCC). For the Djibouti Aerodrome station, which is the one with the longest temporal data, the satellite products EWEMBI, JRA_55_Adj, and WFDEI_GPCC provide the best estimates of rainfall depth (annual scale). The MSWEP product (with r = 0.76) underestimates the annual rainfall over almost the entire study period.
Flood impact assessment in urban context. How important is it to couple hydraulic and economic models at a fine scale?
Authors: Nortes Martinez David , Grelot Frédéric , Choley Cécile , Finaud-Guyot Pascal
Published: September 2022

Estimating the impacts of flooding in urban areas is of primary importance when qualifying the exposure of territories. One of the difficulties encountered is that the processes at stake involve fine scales (building scale). Classical hydraulic approaches of urban floods consider buildings as obstructions to water flow, without taking into account the flow exchanges between streets and buildings. However, according to the literature, it seems necessary for characterizing material damage and human exposure in terms of buildings' dangerousness.

Regarding the estimation of material damage, it is usual to assume that the water levels inside and outside the buildings are the same. This practice does not take into account the hydrostatic effects of flooding. As flood damage functions are very elastic with respect to water levels, especially in the lower values, relatively small differences in water levels can lead to large differences in the assessment of material damage. For these reasons, not taking into account the flow exchanges between streets and buildings may introduce a bias in the estimation of property damage.

We propose to analyse how fine-scale approaches (building,) taking into account flows, can influence the characterization of material damage at a larger scale (district). We use the Richelieu district of the city of Nîmes, in the south of France to illustrate our work, taking as reference the 1988 event. We couple hydraulic and economic models to simulate water depths following i) a classical approach of building treatment and ii) an alternative approach explicitly taking into account street-building flow exchanges. The simulated water depths are then fed to the economic model, allowing us to determine, by comparing scenarios, possible bias and its magnitude.

The Preliminary results show significant differences in water levels inside buildings compared to outside. In terms of damage, at the district level, not taking into account street-building flows leads to an overestimation of material damage. These results invite us to carry out complementary analyses at higher levels of resolution, by considering the dynamics of the flows inside the buildings and their repercussion in terms of material damage but also of danger.
Human footprint on the global hydrological cycles
Authors: Oki Taikan , Hanasaki Naota , Kim Hyungjun , Guo Qiang , Tokuda Daisuke
Published: September 2022

It is well known that various human activities are locally changing the hydrological cycles on the Earth. Climate change due to anthropogenic changes in atmospheric composition caused by greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions is altering the water cycle, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, groundwater infiltration, water temperature, and water quality. However, apart from such climate change impacts, are the changes in the hydrological cycle due to human activities basically local, and are the global impacts limited to climate change?

Irrigation not only uses river flows and groundwater, but also lowers surface temperatures to the extent that it must be considered in global climate change assessments, increasing evapotranspiration unnecessarily, especially in arid regions, and creating areas where evapotranspiration is greater than precipitation over continents that use upstream river runoff and fossil ground water for irrigation. This negative runoff is not only detectable in data from dense river flow observation networks, but is also suggested by the net divergence of water vapor in the atmosphere. These effects have also been observed and estimated from changes in total terrestrial water storage using gravity observations.

In recent years, human activities such as dam water storage and irrigation have been incorporated into so-called earth system models, which predict future climate change based on socioeconomic scenarios. As the local applicability of such global models is improving, there is an urgent need to further develop numerical models that can adequately represent both natural and human systems, and to interactively incorporate limiting factors such as water hazards and water supply and demand when constructing future projections of socioeconomic scenarios.
Rainfall-runoff modelling approaches for investigating the role of human factors in influencing hydrological drought
Authors: Senbeta Tesfaye Belay , Kochanek Krzysztof , Karamuz Emilia , Romanowicz Renata Julita
Published: September 2022

One of the main driving forces - human factors - directly affects runoff processes by influencing the amount of water available and the development of hydrological droughts.The study investigated the role of human factors in the development of hydrological droughts in the Kamienna catchment and attempts to identify the main human factors that caused these changes through the analysis of remote sensing data. The hydro-climatic variables are divided into a baseline period and a disturbed period, using the method to detect changes in the runoff processes. We applied the rainfall-runoff model - SWAT - calibrated during the baseline period and used it to reconstruct the naturalized runoff during the disturbed period. The baseflow filtering algorithm was applied to separate baseflow from direct runoff. Drought indices: Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) and the Standardized Baseflow Index (SBFI) were used as indicators for hydrological drought analysis using observed and naturalized hydrological variables. The observation-based runoff indicators showed more successive hydrological droughts of longer duration and intensity in the catchment than the naturalization-based runoff indicators, especially in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. From 2010, shortly after the Wiory reservoir became operational, naturalized runoff matched observed runoff, indicating increased groundwater recharge and baseflow and⁄or systematic release of excess water from the reservoir during the dry season. This indicates the positive role of reservoirs on downstream runoff by mitigating hydrological drought events. Analyses of changes in land cover dynamics supported these changes caused by human factors in the watershed. This study contributes to our understanding of how human factors influence hydrological drought in the catchment, which is important for drought adaptation. 

Keywords: Rain-runoff model, hydrological drought, drought indices, land cover dynamics, human factors.
Optimization of surface water allocations in a prospective vision : application of the WEAP model in the Ivory Coast Aghien lagoon watershed
Authors: Noufé Djibril Dabissi , Soro Gneneyougo Emile , Dao Amidou , Kamagaté Bamory , Goné Droh Lanciné , Goula Bi Tié Albert , Paturel Jean-Emmanuel , Mahé Gil , Servat Eric
Published: September 2022

The Aghien lagoon catchment area (365 km²) is largely based on the Ivorian sedimentary basin (68%) and the rest (32%) on the crystalline and crystallophyllous basement. Both coastal and peri-urban basin of the District of Abidjan, the Aghien lagoon watershed is subject to anarchic clearing and increasing urbanization, in addition to being affected by deficient rainfall conditions, since the late 1960s. This watershed, which contains the largest freshwater reserve in the lagoon near the large urban area of Abidjan, has been identified as a potential source of additional drinking water production. The objective of this study is to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative suitability of the waters of this lagoon for the sustainable production of drinking water for the District of Abidjan. In a broader perspective, with the current signs of failure of the water table that supplies the city of Abidjan with water, the Aghien lagoon constitutes one of the ways and one of the hopes for the water supply of the gigantic agglomeration of Abidjan in the years to come, in order to solve the major issues in terms of water resources and drinking water supply, issues that are accentuated by the densification of the population and the effects of the climate change In terms of approach, the aim is to develop, within the framework of WEAP 21 (Water Evaluation and Planning), a decision support system for the sustainable management (current and future by 2050) of this resource through quantitative and qualitative management scenarios, by comparing the evolution of demand to that of supply. This method is based on hydro-climatic data sets and survey data from in situ measurement campaigns; it also integrates a prospective vision of water resources, by extending current trends to 2050, according to alternative scenarios on supply and demand.
Spatial prediction of organic carbon in German agricultural topsoil using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Sakhaee Ali , Gebauer Anika , Ließ Mareike , Don Axel
Published: September 2022

Abstract. As the largest terrestrial carbon pool, soil organic carbon (SOC) has the
potential to influence and mitigate climate change; thus, SOC monitoring is of high importance
in the frameworks of various international treaties. Therefore, high-resolution SOC maps are required. Machine learning (ML) offers new
opportunities to develop these maps due to its ability to data mine large
datasets. The aim of this study was to apply three algorithms commonly used
in digital soil mapping – random forest (RF), boosted regression trees
(BRT), and support vector machine for regression (SVR) – on the first German
agricultural soil inventory to model the agricultural topsoil (0–30 cm) SOC
content and develop a two-model approach to address the high variability in
SOC in German agricultural soils. Model performance is often limited by the
size and quality of the soil dataset available for calibration and
validation. Therefore, the impact of enlarging the training dataset was tested
by including data from the European Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey
for agricultural sites in Germany. Nested cross-validation was implemented
for model evaluation and parameter tuning. Grid search and the differential
evolution algorithm were also applied to ensure that each algorithm was
appropriately tuned . The SOC content of the German agricultural soil
inventory was highly variable, ranging from 4 to 480 g kg−1. However, only 4 % of all soils contained more than 87 g kg−1 SOC and were considered organic or degraded organic soils. The
results showed that SVR produced the best performance, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 32 g kg−1 when the algorithms were trained on the full dataset. However, the
average RMSE of all algorithms decreased by 34 % when mineral and organic
soils were modelled separately, with the best result from SVR presenting an RMSE of
21 g kg−1. The model performance was enhanced by up to 1 % for
mineral soils and by up to 2 % for organic soils. Despite the ability of machine
learning algorithms, in general, and SVR, in particular, to model SOC on a
national scale, the study showed that the most important aspect for
improving the model performance was to separate the modelling of mineral and
organic soils.
SARUNGISASI BUAH KAKAO KLON MCC01 DAN MCC 02 DI KABUPATEN SOPPENG SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Lilis Lilis , Rahmiana Rahmiana , Isnaeni Isnaeni , Virna Virna , Hikma Nurul , Thamrin Syahruni
Published: September 2022

Cocoa production in South Sulawesi decreases from year to year one of the causes due to the attack of cocoa borer pests.  The observations aimed to find out the effect of condomizing on MCC 01 and MCC 02, and to see which clones were resistant and more susceptible to PBK pest attacks through condomizing. The method of determining respondents is done deliberately and the determination of samples by determining cocoa tree samples deliberately by choosing a healthy tree and then condomized and without condemned by marking each sample tree. The results showed that condomizing can reduce cocoa fruit affected by PBK, attack rate and intensity of damage is classified as moderate, and MCC 02 is more resistant to PBK pests.
PERTUMBUHAN BERBAGAI KLON TANAMAN TEBU (Saccharum officinarum L.) DI KEBUN JUWET DUKUHDIMORO, MOJOAGUNG – JOMBANG
Authors: Nurazizah Siti , Budi Setyo , Lailiyah Wiharyanti Nur
Published: September 2022

Produktivitas gula tahun 2015-2019 mengalami penurunan, karena varietas yang digunakan mengalami degradasi genetik mengakibatkan pertumbuhan maupun produktivitasnya menurun. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui keragaman genetic dan pertumbuhan tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) pada klon SB01, SB03, SB04, SB11, SB12, SB19, dan SB20. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Tebu (P3T) PG Gempolkrep PT Perkebunan Nusantara X (PTPN X) Desa Dukuhdimoro, Kecamatan Mojoagung, Kabupaten Jombang pada bulan Februari – April 2022. Bahan yang diuji adalah Klon SB01, SB03, SB04, SB11, SB12, SB19, SB20, Varietas BL dan Varietas PS881. Variabel yang diamati terdiri dari pertambahan tinggi batang, pertambahan diameter batang, jumlah batang, jumlah daun, dan luas daun. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA 5%, uji BNT, keragaman genetik, heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Klon SB 12 memiliki pertumbuhan terbaik diantaranya pertambahan tinggi batang 103,80; jumlah batang 4,17 (MST) dan 5,00 (33 MST); luas daun 646,08 cm2  (31 MST) dan 52, 67 cm2 (33 MST). Nilai Heritabilitas karakter pertambahan tinggi batang (129,08) dan luas daun (1546,79). Nilai kemajuan genetik (239,85) dan luas daun (3035,64). Maka, seleksi pada karakter pertumbuhan tersebut efektif.
Invigorasi Benih Tiga Varietas Padi (Oryza Sativa L) Dengan Larutan Tauge
Authors: Suparto Hairu , Nugraha Muhammad Imam
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara varietas dan konsentrasi larutan ekstrak tauge terhadap vigor dan viabilitas benih padi, serta mengetahui konsentrasi larutan tauge terbaik terhadap viabilitas benih padi. Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktorial. Faktor pertama varietas padi yaitu V1=Inpari 30, V2=Balimau, V3=Siam Epang dan faktor kedua konsentrasi larutan tauge yaitu K1=10%, K2=20%, K3=30% yang diulang sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali, sehingga diperoleh 27 satuan percobaan.  Invigorasi benih dalam larutan tauge dengan konsentrasi 10% pada varietas padi Siam Epang (K1V3) merupakan perlakuan terbaik dan mampu meningkatkan potensi tumbuh, daya berkecambah dan keserempakan tumbuh. Perendaman benih pada konsetrasi 10% larutan ektrak tauge dan varietas Siam Epang merupakan perlakukan faktor tunggal terbaik untuk kecepatan tumbuh.
Analisis Perbedaan Kelengkapan Formulir Catatan Perkembangan Pasien Terintegrasi (CPPT) Berbasis Elektronik Dengan Berbasis Kertas Pada Diagnosis Skizofrenia Paranoid Di RSJD Surakarta
Authors: Setiowati Ardani , Sugiarsi Sri
Published: September 2022

Based on a preliminary survey at RSJD Surakarta, the completeness of filling out the electronic-based and paper-based Integrated Patient Development Record (CPPT) form with a total of 10 samples taken at random has 40% completeness on the electronic-based and 60% paper-based CPPT form. This type of research is comparative. The population in this study were all medical record documents of inpatients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia at the Surakarta Hospital in the first quarter of 2019 totaling 59 electronic patient medical record documents and 63 paper patient medical record documents in the first quarter of 2020. The sample size was obtained by the sample formula. a minimum of unpaired numerical comparative research and with a simple random sampling technique, the results obtained were 31 electronic medical record documents and 31 paper medical record documents. The results of the research on electronic-based CPPT forms on identification reviews are 100%, 100% authentication reviews, and 88% important report reviews. Meanwhile, in the paper-based CPPT form, the identification review is 97%, the authentication review is 90.5% and the important report review is 100%. In this study, the Mann-Whitney test was used as an alternative to the independent t-test which did not meet the requirements. Mann Whitney test results p-value <0.05 so ha is accepted which means there is a difference in the completeness of the electronic-based and paper-based CPPT forms.

Keywords: Electronic and paper CPPT forms, identification review, authentication review, important report review
Tinjauan Manajemen Informasi Dan Rekam Medis (MIRM) 11 Dan 14 Standar Nasional Akreditasi Rumah Sakit (SNARS) Di RSU X Tasikmalaya Tahun 2022
Authors: Fidianti Novi , Sugiarti Ida
Published: September 2022

Akreditasi rumah sakit merupakan pengakuan terhadap mutu pelayanan. Hasil studi pendahuluan pada ruang filing, pintu penyimpanan tidak dikunci karena merupakan pintu akses menuju ruang rekam medis, ditemukan rekam medis disimpan pada kardus, penyimpanan berkas tersimpan dengan kurang rapi membuat rekam medis rusak dan terlipat, dan tidak tersedia tracer. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan aspek keamanan dan kerahasiaan rekam medis sesuai standar MIRM 11 dan 14. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 4 informan dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian tersedia SPO dan SK untuk pencegahan penggunaan rekam medis tanpa izin. Perlindungan dari kehilangan melakukan pencatatan pada buku register. Perlindungan dari kerusakan adalah mengganti cover, fasilitas yang cukup, serta terdapat petugas K3. Perlindungan dari gangguan akses adalah dengan petugas selalu berjaga pada ruang penyimpanan. Perlindungan pada ruang penyimpanan terhadap akses yang tidak berhak adalah pintu selalu di kunci. Tersedia SPO mengenai kerahasiaan dan privasi informasi. Regulasi dilaksanakan pada saat pelepasan informasi dan pada saat mengakses berkas. Kepatuhan lainnya petugas mematuhi terhadap waktu pengembalian rekam medis.
REVOLUTIONARY JOY/ INFECTIOUS FEELING
Authors: DINA AL-KASSIN
Published: September 2022

Political solidarity confounds our political theory when the latter is grounded in economies of interest, cultures of responsibility or instruments of rights. The gratuitous materialisation of solidarity might be rethought from the perspective of affect if by the latter we indicate a field of interpretive capacity, sometimes called recognition, not limited to or by personal attachments. This capacity we might liken to a ‘shared situation’ to quote Jean Laplanche (1989, 126). Following this train of thought through the figure of revolutionary joy and ‘adherence’ in Jean Genet’s last work, Prisoner of Love, and its uptake in Mahmoud Darwish’s memoir of the siege of Beirut, Memory for Forgetfulness, this paper envisions an affect studies that materialises modes of affinity and adherence by tracing an example of affect’s echo between two texts, each attuned to the fading of a revolutionary moment as it is forced underground.