bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More than the message
Getting to the Heart of Science Communication
Faith Kearns
Island Press, 2021. 280 pp.
Authors: Wai Jonathan
Published: May 2021

A new guide offers advice for navigating barriers to successful science communication
Making sense of dinosaurs and birds
Authors: Witmer Lawrence M.
Published: May 2021

Advances in imaging and statistics illuminate dinosaur sensory biology and behavior
Opening the path to biotech
Authors: Bhatia Sangeeta , Hopkins Nancy , Hockfield Susan
Published: May 2021

In 1999, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) released a study that documented how women faculty in its School of Science were afforded fewer resources and opportunities than men—a discrepancy it attributed to unconscious biases that had marginalized women faculty “even in the light of obvious good will.” The report inspired policy changes at universities across the country that have made faculty resources more equitable. But a study released last month by MIT members (including the authors of this editorial) of the Boston Biotech Working Group (BBWG) now documents a similar problem at the interface of academia and industry: Fewer women than men faculty at MIT move their research discoveries into companies, and fewer serve as scientific advisers or on boards of directors. This disparity holds back women faculty and denies the full promise of innovation to the universities they work for, the biotech industry, and society at large.
P1 of
Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Virus
Shows Strong Adaptation Capacity, Replacing P1-HCPro in a Chimeric
Plum Pox Virus
Authors: Rodamilans B. , Casillas A. , García J. A.
Published: May 2021

Plant viruses represent a major challenge for agriculture worldwide and
Potyviridae
, being the largest family of plant RNA viruses, is one of the primary players. P1, the leader endopeptidase, is a multifunctional protein that contributes to the successful spread of these viruses over a wide host range.
ILRUN Downregulates ACE2 Expression and Blocks Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tribolet Leon , Alexander Marina R. , Brice Aaron M. , van Vuren Petrus Jansen , Rootes Christina L. , Mara Kostlend , McDonald Meg , Bruce Kerri L. , Gough Tamara J. , Shi Shuning , Cowled Christopher , Bean Andrew G. D. , Stewart Cameron R.
Published: May 2021

There is no doubt that the current rapid global spread of COVID-19 has had significant and far-reaching impacts on our health and economy and will continue to do so. Research in emerging infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is growing rapidly, with new breakthroughs in the understanding of host-virus interactions to assist with the development of innovative and exciting therapeutic strategies.
Supplemental Material: Prehistoric earthquakes on the Banning strand of the San Andreas fault, North Palm Springs, California
Authors: Castillo B.A. , al. et
Published: May 2021

Plate 1. Plate provides photomosaics and mapping interpretations of excavations completed at 18th Avenue trench, including sample locations and interpreted event horizons. Annotations can be turned off through Layers function.
Unexpected internal hernia in a patient with small bowel obstruction: an old surgical axiom
Authors: Bryce Adam , McMurray Chloe , Hussain Amir
Published: May 2021

An 85-year-old man with no previous laparotomies and no herniae presented with a small bowel obstruction. CT imaging did not suggest any obvious cause; however, a transition point at the terminal ileum was noted. At laparotomy, the small bowel was unexpectedly found to be obstructed through a tight anterior hiatal defect. No resection was required and the defect was closed. On retrospective review of the CT images, the herniated small bowel can clearly be seen anterior to the oesophagus and can also be appreciated as a retrocardiac air–fluid level on chest X-ray (initially felt to be a small type I hiatal hernia). Our case highlights the surgical axiom that in patients with small bowel obstruction with no scars and no herniae consideration should be given to an unusual or sinister cause.
Suicide and self-harm in adult survivors of critical illness: population based cohort study
Authors: Fernando Shannon M , Qureshi Danial , Sood Manish M , Pugliese Michael , Talarico Robert , Myran Daniel T , Herridge Margaret S , Needham Dale M , Rochwerg Bram , Cook Deborah J , Wunsch Hannah , Fowler Robert A , Scales Damon C , Bienvenu O Joseph , Rowan Kathryn M , Kisilewicz Magdalena , Thompson Laura H , Tanuseputro Peter , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo
Published: May 2021

Objective

To analyse the association between survival from critical illness and suicide or self-harm after hospital discharge.

Design

Population based cohort study using linked and validated provincial databases.

Setting

Ontario, Canada between January 2009 and December 2017 (inclusive).

Participants

Consecutive adult intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (≥18 years) were included. Linked administrative databases were used to compare ICU hospital survivors with hospital survivors who never required ICU admission (non-ICU hospital survivors). Patients were categorised based on their index hospital admission (ICU or non-ICU) during the study period.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the composite of death by suicide (as noted in provincial death records) and deliberate self-harm events after discharge. Each outcome was also assessed independently. Incidence of suicide was evaluated while accounting for competing risk of death from other causes. Analyses were conducted by using overlap propensity score weighted, cause specific Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

423 060 consecutive ICU survivors (mean age 61.7 years, 39% women) were identified. During the study period, the crude incidence (per 100 000 person years) of suicide, self-harm, and the composite of suicide or self-harm among ICU survivors was 41.4, 327.9, and 361.0, respectively, compared with 16.8, 177.3, and 191.6 in non-ICU hospital survivors. Analysis using weighted models showed that ICU survivors (
v
non-ICU hospital survivors) had a higher risk of suicide (adjusted hazards ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.33) and self-harm (1.15, 1.12 to 1.19). Among ICU survivors, several factors were associated with suicide or self-harm: previous depression or anxiety (5.69, 5.38 to 6.02), previous post-traumatic stress disorder (1.87, 1.64 to 2.13), invasive mechanical ventilation (1.45, 1.38 to 1.54), and renal replacement therapy (1.35, 1.17 to 1.56).

Conclusions

Survivors of critical illness have increased risk of suicide and self-harm, and these outcomes were associated with pre-existing psychiatric illness and receipt of invasive life support. Knowledge of these prognostic factors might allow for earlier intervention to potentially reduce this important public health problem.
Protocol for a prospective, observational, deep phenotyping study on adipose epigenetic and lipidomic determinants of metabolic homoeostasis in South Asian Indians: the Indian Diabetes and Metabolic Health (InDiMeT) study
Authors: Nadiger Nikhil , Devi Sarita , Thomas Tinku , Sivadas Ambily , Raj-Kuriyan Rebecca , Govindaraj Sridar , Kurpad Anura V , Mukhopadhyay Arpita
Published: May 2021

Introduction

We describe the rationale and broad study design of the Indian Diabetes and Metabolic Health (InDiMeT) study, a new prospective, observational study incorporating extensive epigenetic (DNA methylation) and lipidomic signatures to examine their association with the dysregulation of adipose de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in South Asian Indians. The InDiMeT study aims to use a case–control design to identify genetic and modifiable-environmental-lifestyle associated determinants of (1) epigenomic (DNA methylome) dysregulation of adipose DNL in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) adipose tissue, (2) identify correlates of epigenomic (DNA methylome) dysregulation of adipose DNL in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from T2DM subjects and (3) elucidate plasma lipidomic correlates of adipose DNL in T2DM that can be used as biomarkers of adipose tissue dysfunction.

Methods and analysis

The InDiMeT study will involve recruitment of 176 normoglycaemic and T2DM individuals who will be undergoing laparoscopic surgery for clinical conditions. Extensive phenotyping of the subjects will be conducted and DNA methylome and lipidomic measurements will be made. The adipose DNL pathway genes are likely to be hypermethylated in patients with T2DM with corresponding reduction of gene expression. Correlates of epigenomic (DNA methylome) dysregulation of adipose DNL pathway in PBMCs and their adipose and plasma lipidomic signatures in T2DM subjects could act as early markers of development of T2DM.

Ethics and dissemination

For the InDiMeT study, ethical approval for addressing the specific aims has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, St John’s Medical College and Hospital, St John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore. Findings from this study will be disseminated through scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals, research conferences and via presentations to stakeholders, patients, clinicians, public and policymakers through appropriate channels.
Vascular and renal telomere shortening in mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Badran Mohammad , Abuyassin Bisher , Ayas Najib , Sin Don D. , Laher Ismail
Published: May 2021

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) and is associated with cardiovascular (CVD) and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Patients with OSA have increased biomarkers of aging such as telomere shortening. We used PCR to report shortened telomere lengths in aortic and renal tissues from mice exposed to 8 weeks of IH. Our data indicate that IH, a hallmark of OSA, accelerates vascular and renal aging that may contribute to OSA-induced CVD and CKD.
Review on the physical basis of wave–particle duality: Conceptual connection between quantum mechanics and the Maxwell theory
Authors: Chang Donald C.
Published: May 2021

A well-known mystery in quantum mechanics is wave–particle duality: Is an electron a point mass or a physical wave? What is the physical meaning of its wave function? About a hundred years ago, there was a famous debate between Bohr and Einstein on this topic. Their question is still open today. This paper reviews a new theoretical framework to address this problem. Here, it is hypothesized that both photons and electrons are quantized excitation waves of the vacuum, the physical properties of which can be modeled based on the Maxwell theory. Using the method of Helmholtz decomposition, one can show that the wave function of the particle is associated with an electric vector potential called “ Z”, which plays the role of basic field for the excitation wave. Using this framework, the quantum wave equations can be derived based on a quantization of the Maxwell theory. This work suggests that, the quantum wave function truly represents a physical wave; the wave packet looks like a “particle” only in the macroscopic view. Because the vacuum excitation obeys the principle of all-or-none, the probability of detecting this “particle” is related to the wave function as suggested in the Copenhagen interpretation.
Hidden Symmetries, Coupled Networks and Equivariant Degrees
Authors: Ruan Haibo
Published: May 2021

Hidden symmetries have been previously explored in the context of coupled cell networks and coupled cell systems. These include interior symmetry, quotient symmetry and quotient interior symmetry. We introduce here an equivariant degree theory that incorporates these different forms of hidden symmetry based on lattice structures of synchrony subspaces. The result is a unified theory capable of treating synchrony-breaking Hopf bifurcation problems in coupled cell systems with various forms of hidden symmetries, which leads to full topological classifications of bifurcating branches arising from single bifurcation points under mutual influence of these hidden symmetries.
Stochastic Response and Bifurcation of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Energy Harvesting System with Stoppers
Authors: Su Meng , Xu Wei , Zhang Ying
Published: May 2021

It was shown previously that the synergy of the multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) and the mechanical stopper techniques is an effective way to further broaden the operation bandwidth of vibration energy harvesters. Considering the stochastic factor at the same time, this paper is devoted to developing a theoretical method for analyzing the dynamical characteristics of an impact-engaged 2DOF energy harvesting system under stochastic excitation, in which the impact is modeled as a nonlinear piecewise function. The existence of the impact and multi-DOF brings complexity in analyses, and the main theoretical method utilized in this paper is the stochastic averaging method which is suitable for multi-DOF quasi-nonintegrable systems. After that, the joint and marginal probability density functions of the system are derived, and numerical examples are shown to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical method. It is noteworthy that the theoretical method has the potential to be extended to more complex multi-DOF systems with stoppers. Subsequently, the stochastic response, bifurcations in the stochastic and corresponding deterministic systems, and the relationship between the D-bifurcation and the mean square voltage are discussed. Effects of crucial system coefficients, the impact stiffness and distance on the system are investigated as well.
Transcriptional Regulation by (Super)Enhancers: From Discovery to Mechanisms
Authors: Grosveld Frank , van Staalduinen Jente , Stadhouders Ralph
Published: May 2021

Accurate control of gene expression in the right cell at the right moment is of fundamental importance to animal development and homeostasis. At the heart of gene regulation lie the enhancers, a class of gene regulatory elements that ensures precise spatiotemporal activation of gene transcription. Mammalian genomes are littered with enhancers, which are frequently organized in cooperative clusters such as locus control regions and superenhancers. Here, we discuss our current knowledge of enhancer biology, including an overview of the discovery of the various enhancer subsets and the mechanistic models used to explain their gene regulatory function.
Pathological Myopia Image Recognition Strategy Based on Data Augmentation and Model Fusion
Authors: Cui Jianfeng , Zhang Xiaoyun , Xiong Feibing , Chen Chin-Ling
Published: May 2021

The automatic diagnosis of various retinal diseases based on fundus images is important in supporting clinical decision-making. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable results in such tasks. However, their high expression ability possibly leads to overfitting. Therefore, data augmentation (DA) techniques have been proposed to prevent overfitting while enriching datasets. Recent CNN architectures with more parameters render traditional DA techniques insufficient. In this study, we proposed a new DA strategy based on multimodal fusion (DAMF) which could integrate the standard DA method, data disrupting method, data mixing method, and autoadjustment method to enhance the image data in the training dataset to create new training images. In addition, we fused the results of the classifier by voting on the basis of DAMF, which further improved the generalization ability of the model. The experimental results showed that the optimal DA mode could be matched to the image dataset through our DA strategy. We evaluated DAMF on the iChallenge-PM dataset. At last, we compared training results between 12 DAMF processed datasets and the original training dataset. Compared with the original dataset, the optimal DAMF achieved an accuracy increase of 2.85% on iChallenge-PM.
Persistent Anemia in the Setting of a Rare Pancreatic Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Peralta Olivia , Chew Christopher , Newcomb Matthew
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Pancreatic pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication that can follow pancreatitis. While early detection is critical to preventing poor long-term outcomes, clinical features vary significantly. Most often, abdominal pain is the presenting complaint, but this can be complicated as classic symptoms of pancreatitis also present with abdominal pain. Herein, we present a patient with an acute on chronic gastrointestinal bleed that was finally attributed to a pancreatic pseudoaneurysm. Case Presentation. The patient was a 56-year-old male with a past medical history significant for epilepsy, alcohol abuse, and hypertension who presented as a transfer from an outside facility for a gastrointestinal bleed. Prior to presentation, the patient reported rectal bleeding over the prior 1.5 months but had not sought care until bleeding increased along with increased abdominal pain. The patient’s hemoglobin was 6.3 at presentation of the outside facility and received a total of four units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) prior to arrival. After arrival, persistent bleeding was noted, and an additional 2 units of PRBCs were transfused. A computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the abdomen was obtained to identify the source for embolization. This, however, revealed a 4 × 4 × 3.5 cm intrinsically dense or enhanced mass of the pancreatic head. Discussion. Pancreatic pseudoaneurysm is a rare but potentially fatal complication that can follow pancreatitis. In chronic pancreatitis patients who underwent imaging incidence is estimated to be up to 10%. Treatment is difficult, and coil embolization is often used, though this can lead to splenectomy due to splenic ischemia. Stent grafts can be used in the surrounding arteries to maintain the integrity of viscera but carry risk of stent-related thrombosis. Further research is needed on the optimal management of this potentially lethal complication of pancreatitis.
Comparing Dynamic User Equilibrium and Noniterative Stochastic Route Choice in a Simulation-Based Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model: Practical Considerations for Large-Scale Networks
Authors: Ashfaq Mudabber , Gu Ziyuan , Waller S. Travis , Saberi Meead
Published: May 2021

Simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models play a vital role in transportation planning and operations. While the widely studied equilibrium-seeking DTA including dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) often provides robust and consistent outcomes, their expensive computational cost for large-scale network applications has been a burden in practice. The noniterative stochastic route choice (SRC) model, as a nonequilibrium seeking DTA model, provides an alternative for specific transportation operations applications that may not require equilibrium results after all (e.g., evacuation and major network disruptions) and thus tend to be computationally less expensive, yet may suffer from inconsistent outcomes. While DUE is a widely accepted approach for many strategic planning applications, SRC has been increasingly used in practice for traffic operations purposes. This paper aims to provide a comparative and quantitative analysis of the two modeling approaches. Specifically, a comparison has been made at two levels: link-level flows and network-level congestion patterns. Results suggest that adaptive driving improves the quality of the SRC solution, but its difference from DUE still remains significant at the link level. Results have practical implications for the application of large-scale simulation-based DTA models for planning and operations purposes.
Rational Design and Experimental Research on the Self-Assembled System of Thermosensitive Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Formed by α-Lipoic Acid and N-Vinyl Caprolactam
Authors: Chen Yu-Qin , Yang Bo-Wen , Huang Yun-An , Chang Rui , Zhu Qiu-Jin
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the main work was to study the theoretical self-assembly process of thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for α-lipoic acid and to investigate thermosensitive functional monomers through density functional theory calculations (DFT) and intermolecular weak interaction analysis. The M06-2X/6-311+G (d, p) level was used to study the structural parameters, bonding sites, natural population analysis, binding energies (

Δ
E

), atom in molecules (AIM), independent gradient model (IGM), and imprinted molar ratio. The results revealed that α-lipoic acid mainly interacted with N-vinyl caprolactam (NVCL) by weak hydrogen bonds, and the best conditions for MIP synthesis were an optimum molar ratio of 1 : 4 (α-lipoic acid/NVCL). The thermosensitive properties showed that the highest adsorption was at 40°C and the lowest adsorption was at 20°C; also, the MIPs released the intercepted α-lipoic acid inside polymers, and the lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) of MIPs and nonimprinted polymers (NIPs) are 25.7°C and 19.4°C, respectively. In this study, the thermosensitive MIPs displayed a different adsorption capacity towards NVCL, which could be applied for controlled separation and release of α-lipoic acid in different temperatures in a complex matrix.
Sextant Biopsy-Based Criteria for Clinically Insignificant Prostate Cancer Are Also Valid for the 12-Core Prostate Biopsy Scheme: A Multicenter Study of Urooncology Association, Turkey
Authors: Çelik Serdar , Kızılay Fuat , Yörükoğlu Kutsal , Aslan Güven , Ozen Haluk , Akdogan Bulent , Sozen Sinan , Baltaci Sumer , Muezzinoglu Talha , Izol Volkan , Bayazıt Yıldırım , Narter Fehmi , Türkeri Levent ,   Members of Turkish Urooncology Association
Published: May 2021

Background: Epstein criteria based on sextant biopsy are assumed to be valid for 12-core biopsies. However, very scarce information is present in the current literature to support this view. Objectives: To investigate the validity of Epstein criteria for clinically insignificant prostate cancer (PCa) in a cohort of the currently utilized 12-core prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) scheme in patients with low-risk and intermediate-risk PCa. Method: Pathological findings were separately evaluated in the areas matching the sextant biopsy (6-core paramedian) scheme and in all 12-core schemes. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the final pathology report of RP as true clinically significant PCa (sPCa) and insignificant PCa (insPCa) groups. Predictive factors (including Epstein criteria) and cutoff values for the presence of insPCa were separately evaluated for 6- and 12-core TRUS-Bx schemes. Then, different predictive models based on Epstein criteria with or without additional biopsy findings were created. Results: A total of 442 patients were evaluated. PSA density, biopsy GS, percentage of tumor and number of positive cores, PNI, and HG-PIN were independent predictive factors for insPCa in both TRUS-Bx schemes. For the 12-core scheme, the best cutoff values of tumor percentage and number of positive cores were found to be ≤50% (OR: 3.662) and 1.5 cores (OR: 2.194), respectively. The best predictive model was found to be that which added 3 additional factors (PNI and HG-PIN absence and number of positive cores) to Epstein criteria (OR: 6.041). Conclusions: Using a cutoff value of “1” for the number of positive biopsy cores and absence of biopsy PNI and HG-PIN findings can be more useful for improving the prediction model of the Epstein criteria in the 12-core biopsy scheme.
Factors Associated with Home Care Outcomes among Community-Dwelling Older Adult Patients with Dementia
Authors: Al Ghassani Amal , Rababa Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Background: With the increase in the proportion of people with dementia (PWD), it is necessary to address dementia-related issues among older adults who live at home; however, there is no integrative review on this issue. Objectives: To describe and analyze quantitative and qualitative studies from primary sources in order to identify the factors which impact home care outcomes among PWD. Methods: A computer search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE (PubMed), and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) was performed. This study was guided by Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review method. Results: This review of the literature identified 3 main factors related to home care outcomes among PWD. These factors are environmental factors, caregiver-related factors, and social network factors. Conclusions: Further research is required to investigate the impacts of multiple social and environmental factors on home care outcomes among PWD; which can eventually be used by nurses and family caregivers when providing care for older adult PWD.
Current Limitations of Invasive Exercise Hemodynamics for the Diagnosis of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Baratto Claudia , Caravita Sergio , Soranna Davide , Faini Andrea , Dewachter Céline , Zambon Antonella , Perego Giovanni Battista , Bondue Antoine , Senni Michele , Badano Luigi P. , Parati Gianfranco , Vachiéry Jean-Luc
Published: May 2021

Background:

Exercise hemodynamics can differentiate heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) from noncardiac dyspnea. However, respiratory pressure swings may impact hemodynamic measurements, potentially leading to misdiagnosis of HFpEF. Moreover, threshold values for abnormal hemodynamic response indicative of HFpEF are not universally accepted. Thus, we sought to evaluate the impact of respiratory pressure swings on hemodynamic data interpretation as well as the concordance among 3 proposed exercise hemodynamic criteria for HFpEF: (1) end-expiratory pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP
exp
) ≥25 mm Hg; (2) PAWP
exp
/cardiac output slope >2 mm Hg/L per minute; and (3) respiratory-averaged (avg) mean pulmonary artery pressure >30 mm Hg, total pulmonary resistance
avg
>3 WU, PAWP
avg
≥20 mm Hg.

Methods:

Fifty-seven patients with unexplained dyspnea (70% women, 70±9 years) underwent exercise cardiac catheterization. The difference between end-expiratory and averaged hemodynamic values, as well as the concordance among the 3 hemodynamic definitions of HFpEF, were assessed.

Results:

End-expiratory hemodynamics measurements were higher than values averaged across the respiratory cycle. During exercise, a larger proportion of patients exceeded the threshold of 25 mm Hg for PAWP
exp
rather than for PAWP
avg
(70% versus 53%,
P
<0.01). The concordance of 3/3 HFpEF exercise hemodynamic criteria was recorded in 70% of patients. PAWP
exp
/cardiac output slope identified HFpEF more frequently than the other 2 criteria (81% versus 64% to 69%), incorporating over 97% of abnormal responses to the latter. Patients with 3/3 positive criteria had worse clinical, gas-exchange, and hemodynamic profiles.

Conclusions:

Respiratory pressure swings impact on the exercise hemodynamic definitions of HFpEF that provide discordant results in 30% of patients. Equivocal diagnoses of HFpEF might be limited by adopting the most sensitive and inclusive criterion alone (ie, PAWP
exp
/cardiac output slope).
Performance-based publisher ratings and the visibility/impact of books: Small fish in a big pond, or big fish in a small pond?
Authors: Zuccala Alesia A. , Pölönen Janne , Guns Raf , Røeggen Vidar , Kulczycki Emanuel , Bruun Kasper , Savolainen Eeva
Published: May 2021

This study compares publisher ratings to the visibility and impact of individual books, based on a 2017 data set from three Nordic performance-based research funding systems (PRFS) (Denmark, Norway, and Finland). Although there are Journal Impact Factors (JIFs) for journals, there is no similar indicator for book publishers. National publisher lists are used instead to account for the general “quality” of books, leading to institutional rewards. But, just as the JIF is not recommended as a proxy for the “citedness” of a paper, a publisher rating is also not recommended as a proxy for the impact of an individual book. We introduce a small fish in a big pond versus big fish in a small pond metaphor, where a “fish” is a book and “the pond” represents its publishing house. We investigate how books fit on this metaphorical fish and pond continuum, using WorldCat holdings (visibility) and Google Scholar citations (impact), and test other variables to determine their predictive value with respect to these two indicators. Our statistics show that publisher levels do not have predictive value when other variables are held constant. This has implications for PRFS and book evaluations in general, as well as ongoing developments related to a newly proposed international publisher registry.
Comprehensive mapping of local and diaspora scientists: A database and analysis of 63,951 Greek scientists
Authors: Ioannidis John P.A. , Koutsioumpa Chara , Vakka Angeliki , Agoranos Georgios , Mantsiou Chrysanthi , Drekolia Maria Kyriaki , Avramidis Nikos , Contopoulos-Ioannidis Despina G. , Drosatos Konstantinos , Baas Jeroen
Published: May 2021

Research policy and planning for a given country may benefit from reliable data on both its scientific workforce as well as the diaspora of scientists for countries with a substantial brain drain. Here we use a systematic approach using Scopus to generate a comprehensive country-level database of all scientists in Greece. Moreover, we expand that database to include also Greek diaspora scientists. The database that we have compiled includes 63,951 scientists who have published at least five papers indexed in Scopus. Of those, 35,116 have an affiliation in Greece. We validate the sensitivity and specificity of the database against different control sets of scientists. We also analyze the scientific disciplines of these scientists according to the Science Metrix classification (174 subfield disciplines) and provide detailed data on each of the 63,951 scientists using multiple citation indicators and a composite thereof. These analyses demonstrate differential concentrations in specific subfields for the local versus the diaspora cohorts, as well as an advantage of the diaspora cohort in terms of citation indicators, especially among top-impact researchers. The approach that we have taken can also be applied to map the scientific workforce of other countries and nations for evaluation, planning, and policy purposes.
App-Generated Evidence: A Promising Tool for International Criminal Justice?
Authors: Aboueldahab Susann , Freixo Inês
Published: May 2021

The present article explores and discusses the increasing use of mobile phone applications (apps) for the purpose of evidence collection in the context of international criminal trials. It sheds light on the numerous initiatives that have surfaced recently and critically addresses their potential, limitations and pitfalls on a normative, factual and epistemological level. We argue that apps could be a useful means, capable of solving some of the recurrent problems in the evidence collection process, provided that the rights of the persons involved are respected, certain safeguards are taken, and that this new development is critically monitored.
Reflections on Editing Kitāb al-Jihād of ʿAlī ibn Ṭāhir al-Sulamī (d. 500/1106)
Authors: Christie Niall
Published: May 2021

This article presents some reflections on the author’s experience of editing the manuscript of Kitāb al-Jihād, by the Damascene religious scholar and preacher ʿAlī ibn Ṭāhir al-Sulamī (d. 500/1106). This includes consideration of the history of the manuscript, the challenges that it presented to the editor, features of the manuscript, and some resources that proved to be helpful for the author’s work with it. It is the hope of the author that these reflections will be helpful to others who may be embarking on similar projects.
Slavery, human dignity and human rights
Authors: Montgomery John Warwick
Published: May 2021

Slavery continues to be practiced in many parts of the world: not only chattel slavery but also indirect varieties (enforced child labour, prostitution, debt enslavement, etc.). Secular organisations opposed to these practices seek to provide a suitable philosophical counter to those supporting or tolerating the evils.

The present paper considers natural law and neo-Kantian arguments and finds them wanting. It then looks at biblical principles and the history of the abolition of the slave trade in England and the emancipation movement in the United States (eighteenth and nineteenth centuries). From this ideological and historical survey, an attempt is made to discover why Enlightenment principles, as exemplified by the French philosophes, Thomas Jefferson, and other Revolutionaries, failed to impact, whilst evangelical Christians (Granville Sharp, John Newton, Wilberforce, et al.) succeeded in their hard-won crusade to outlaw slavery.

By way of conclusion, a parallel is drawn with the contemporary right-to-life movement and jurisprudent Ronald Dworkin’s position on abortion.
The Christian faith as a way of life: in appreciation of Francis Schaeffer
Authors: Echeverria Eduardo J.
Published: May 2021

Francis A. Schaeffer (1912-1984), a Christian intellectual, cultural critic, practical theologian, author, noted speaker, and evangelist, co-founded L’Abri Fellowship in Switzerland a half century ago. The article discusses Schaeffer’s vision of the Christian faith as a way of life and the five core principles informing that vision – realism about Truth, the Christian faith is rational, against rationalistic humanism, Christian worldview thinking, and the Lordship of Jesus Christ. Schaeffer’s own struggle early on with the heart of what it means to be Christian, particularly, the problem of existentially relating the Christian faith to our present life, showing how that faith can take root and bear fruit throughout the whole of life, is the background for discussing his vision that Jesus Christ’s finished work of salvation encompasses the life of faith in its unity: justification, sanctification, and glorification.
Justification: The Calvin-Saumur perspective
Authors: Clifford Alan C.
Published: May 2021

Focusing attention on the doctrine of Justification, the article seeks to compare and evaluate the ‘New’ (NP) and ‘Old’ (OP) perspectives on Paul. In view of problems encountered in both, a proposed solution to the impasse is derived and argued for from the generally-misperceived stance of Calvin and his legitimate successors among the theologians of Heidelberg and Saumur. In the course of the discussion (in which the little-known insights of the German divines and the long-discredited French academy are rehabilitated), the assumption that recent Anglo-American expositions of the OP accurately perpetuate Calvin’s stance is challenged. Significant differences between Calvin and later Calvinists are exposed during an investigation of the following issues: (1) the precise meaning of ‘justification’, (2) imputed righteousness, (3) the time of justification, (4) the place of good works in the ordo salutis and (5) the status of the sola fide principle. Avoiding the ambiguities of Luther’s version of sola fide, the article concludes on biblical grounds that the authentic ‘Calvin’ (CP) perspective relieves completely the other views of their perplexities.
The evangelical matrix:
Authors: Warner Rob
Published: May 2021

This paper examines evidence of contemporary British evangelical diversity, in terms of theological and socio-political convictions. Survey responses are analyzed from the leadership teams of prominent evangelical organisations, delegates at the most recent National Evangelical Assembly and theological college students. The contours of a modified theological consensus become apparent. Although evangelicals have embraced social justice – anti-racist, anti-sexist and favouring debt cancellation for the developing world – they remain conservative in terms of sexual ethics, supporting restrictive policies concerning abortion, censorship and divorce, with most rejecting the legalisation of marijuana. However, senior evangelical leaders are more inclined to restrictive social policies than evangelicals who are younger or female: socio-political concern among moderate evangelicals may therefore have begun to evolve towards the societal consensus. Given this emergent socio-political heterogeneity, traditional evangelical ethical givens are likely to become as contested as the previous conservative theological consensus.
‘A person can change’
Authors: Leah Gordon
Published: May 2021

In this Pulitzer Prize winning novel a family of three generations of pastors in Gilead, Ohio, has lived through cycles of domestic trials, disputes over faith and practice, and personal resentments. The aging, sick, introspective third-generation pastor, John Ames, whose first wife dies in childbirth, marries a much younger woman, Lila, who comes fresh to faith, seeing issues afresh and helping him to break the mould of set attitudes and grievances. Through her influence he is able to forgive and be reconciled to Jack Broughton, who is the miscreant son of an old pastor friend and had aroused in John Ames much resentment for past misdemeanours and personal insults. He accepts him as a spiritual son and overcomes past resentments. Throughout the novel John Ames relates the story in a first-person testimony to his seven-year old son from his marriage to Lila.
Beyond the kaleidoscope: towards a synthesis of views on the atonement
Authors: Burnhope Stephen J.
Published: May 2021

Although Christian orthodoxy has never required the adoption of one particular theory of atonement, Reformed and evangelical proponents of penal substitution (PSA) insist on its pivotal role. It is argued that the roots of this thinking lie in Enlightenment epistemology and Modern thought, corresponding to the advent of evangelicalism. PSA’s claims to be the controlling understanding are difficult to affirm on the biblical evidence and, problematically today, its paradigm of law, justice and punishment derives from pre- and early-modern eras. The ‘kaleidoscopic’ view offers a broader biblical perspective on the nature of both ‘the problem’ and ‘the solution’ and is more accessible to post-Modern thought forms. For the sake of evangelical mission, however, seeking after synthesis is encouraged, which might be explored through a renewed centre-point in ‘recapitulation/interchange’ or ‘covenant’ imagery.
Is the truth out there? Creatures, cosmos and new creation (Part two)
Authors: Lane Anthony N. S.
Published: May 2021

Part 2

The age and size of the universe pose no threat to Christian faith. There is nothing in Scripture to affirm or deny that there is life on other worlds and Christian theology has been considering this issue since the fourteenth century. Human significance is based upon our creation in God’s image, not on our physical location in the universe or on our uniqueness. If extraterrestrial intelligence exists, it may or may not be fallen. Should such a fall have taken place, we cannot be dogmatic about how God might save such fallen creatures, but it is unlikely that Christ’s death on earth would apply to them. While God’s saving purposes extend to the whole universe, we cannot assume that it will effect all galaxies at the same time. The parousia and the ensuing ‘new earth and new heavens’ may relate to our corner of the universe only.
C.T. Studd
Authors: Montgomery John Warwick
Published: May 2021

Among the contributors to The Fundamentals there was hardly a more colourful figure than C(harles) T(homas) Studd (1860–1931). One of the greatest cricketers of his day; converted to Christ through the impact of Dwight Moody; a ‘rich young ruler’ who, rather than ‘going away sorrowful’, gave up his vast wealth to serve his Lord; a leading member of the ‘Cambridge Seven’ university graduates who made China their mission field; and the founder of what would become one of the most influential independent missionary organisations in the world – Studd has provided the evangelical world with a worthy counterpart to Roman Catholicism’s Mother Teresa.
Psalms 1 and 2 as a hermeneutical lens for reading the Psalter
Authors: Whiting Mark J.
Published: May 2021

Psalms 1 and 2 are considered unimportant in many interpretative paradigms. It is argued that this is due, in part, to the canonisation of the presupposition that there is no coherent determinable literary structure in the Psalter. This presupposition is challenged by noting the evidence that exists of literary intentionality at the micro-, meso- and macro-structural levels within the Psalter.

The content of Psalms 1 and 2 is identified and the use of these themes and motifs within the Psalter is explored. A unifying overarching concern with Zion Theology is tentatively considered. The hermeneutical and theological potential of Psalms 1 and 2 as an intentional introduction are explored. Such an editorial agenda indicates that the collected Psalter is a deliberate rereading of its individual compositions. We conclude with the suggestion that this rereading might usefully be seen as a step in the direction of the more radical rereading demanded by NT faith.
Exploring the Possible World of Genesis 2–3 with Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Diepstra George R. , Laughery Gregory J.
Published: May 2021

This paper revisits the interpretation of Genesis 2–3 in light of recent developments in the scientific world. Valuable insights are sought from examining critical works by Paul Ricoeur. Four major themes emerge from Ricoeur’s work that form the protocol for the reassessment of Genesis 2–3. The study concludes that a possible world/founding narrative paradigm is the best hermeneutical strategy for understanding and appropriating the Eden narrative. It is determined that this strategy does not compete with the scientifically-informed evolutionary view of the natural world.
Description of the larva of Brachygonia oculata (Brauer, 1878) (Odonata: Libellulidae) with notes on rearing technique
Authors: NGIAM ROBIN W. J. , CHAN JULIANA P.S. , KHOO MAX D.Y. , KONG EUNICE Y.L. , LOW BING WEN
Published: May 2021

The larva of the genus Brachygonia Kirby, 1889 is described and illustrated for the first time based on the larvae of Brachygonia oculata (Brauer, 1878) discovered and successfully reared in Singapore. Compared to known larvae from genera in the rather heterogeneous subfamily Brachydiplacinae, B. oculata is most similar to species from the genus Brachydiplax Brauer, 1868 after comparison is made with the larva of Brachydiplax farinosa Krüger, 1902.
Taxonomy of the leafhopper genus Nirvanguina (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Drabescini) with description of a new species from China
Authors: XU DELIANG , LI SHUYING , ZHANG YALIN
Published: May 2021

The leafhopper genus Nirvanguina Zhang & Webb (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Drabescini: Paraboloponina) is reviewed, including description of a new species, Nirvanguina bifurcatus Xu & Zhang sp. nov., from China. An updated checklist along with distribution and a key to males of this genus are also provided. Type specimens of this new species are deposited in the Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China (NWAFU).
Tornado Climatology and Risk Perception in Central Oklahoma
Authors: Johnson Victoria A. , Klockow-McClain Kimberly E. , Peppler Randy A. , Person Angela M.
Published: May 2021

Residents of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area are frequently threatened by tornadoes. Previous research indicates that perceptions of tornado threat affect behavioral choices when severe weather threatens, and as such are important to study. In this paper, we examine the potential influence of tornado climatology on risk perception. Residents across central Oklahoma were surveyed about their perceptions of tornado proneness for their home location, and this was compared to the local tornado climatology. Mapping and programming tools were then used to identify relationships between respondents’ perceptions and actual tornado events. Research found that some dimensions of the climatology, such as tornado frequency, nearness, and intensity have complex effects on risk perception. In particular, tornadoes that were intense, close, and recent had the strongest positive influence on risk perception, but weaker tornadoes appeared to produce an “inoculating” effect. Additional factors were influential, including sharp spatial discontinuities between neighboring places that were not tied to any obvious physical feature or the tornado climatology. Respondents holding lower perceptions of risk also reported lower rates of intention to prepare during tornado watches. By studying place-based perceptions, this research aims to provide a scientific basis for improved communication efforts before and during tornado events, and for identifying vulnerable populations.
SPLUNC1: a novel marker of cystic fibrosis exacerbations
Authors: Khanal Sara , Webster Megan , Niu Naiqian , Zielonka Jana , Nunez Myra , Chupp Geoffrey , Slade Martin D. , Cohn Lauren , Sauler Maor , Gomez Jose L. , Tarran Robert , Sharma Lokesh , Dela Cruz Charles S. , Egan Marie , Laguna Theresa , Britto Clemente J.
Published: May 2021

Background

Acute pulmonary exacerbations (AE) are episodes of clinical worsening in cystic fibrosis (CF), often precipitated by infection. Timely detection is critical to minimise morbidity and lung function declines associated with acute inflammation during AE. Based on our previous observations that airway protein short palate lung nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is regulated by inflammatory signals, we investigated the use of SPLUNC1 fluctuations to diagnose and predict AE in CF.

Methods

We enrolled CF participants from two independent cohorts to measure AE markers of inflammation in sputum and recorded clinical outcomes for a 1-year follow-up period.

Results

SPLUNC1 levels were high in healthy controls (n=9, 10.7 μg·mL–1), and significantly decreased in CF participants without AE (n=30, 5.7 μg·mL–1; p=0.016). SPLUNC1 levels were 71.9% lower during AE (n=14, 1.6 μg·mL–1; p=0.0034) regardless of age, sex, CF-causing mutation or microbiology findings. Cytokines interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α were also increased in AE, whereas lung function did not decrease consistently. Stable CF participants with lower SPLUNC1 levels were much more likely to have an AE at 60 days (hazard ratio (HR)±se11.49±0.83; p=0.0033). Low-SPLUNC1 stable participants remained at higher AE risk even 1 year after sputum collection (HR±se3.21±0.47; p=0.0125). SPLUNC1 was downregulated by inflammatory cytokines and proteases increased in sputum during AE.

Conclusion

In acute CF care, low SPLUNC1 levels could support a decision to increase airway clearance or to initiate pharmacological interventions. In asymptomatic, stable patients, low SPLUNC1 levels could inform changes in clinical management to improve long-term disease control and clinical outcomes in CF.
Behavioural synchrony between fallow deer Dama dama is related to spatial proximity
Authors: Hoyle Zoe E. , Miller Rosie A. , Rands Sean A.
Published: May 2021

Background

Animals living in social groups can benefit from conducting the same behaviour as other group members. If this synchronisation is achieved by copying the behaviour of other individuals, we would expect synchrony to be more likely when pairs of individuals are close together.

Results

By comparing the behaviour of a focal individual with its nearest, second nearest and third nearest neighbour and a control individual, we show that pairings of fallow deerDama damaare more likely to be active or inactive at the same moment in time if they are closer together. We also demonstrate that synchronisation in the group happens more often than would be expected by chance.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that there is a relationship between the synchronisation of behaviour and the spatial proximity of individuals. Spatial proximity is likely to be an important influence on how likely individuals are to be synchronised, although care needs to be taken to separate social and environmental influences on individual behaviour.