bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De l’impératif de la vertu politique à la préférence de Rousseau pour un gouvernement aristocratique
Authors: Lafon Stéphane
Published: June 2021

Dans la théorie politique de Rousseau, si la forme du gouvernement importe peu, pourvu qu’il demeure subordonné au souverain, le philosophe genevois semble néanmoins accorder sa préférence à un gouvernement de type aristocratique afin de respecter cette exigence. Devant la difficulté de réunir les conditions supposées du gouvernement démocratique, et établissant la vertu politique comme principe d’une société véritablement démocratique, le raisonnement du Genevois semble le conduire à penser le gouvernement de type aristocratique comme le meilleur de tous, avec des magistrats qui gouvernent pour le bien commun et exécutent la volonté générale sans tendre à l’incarner : un gouvernement « énarétocratique », reposant sur la vertu politique de ses magistrats. Ce gouvernement peut être conçu comme un expédient privilégié pour neutraliser les ferments oligarchiques de toute société politique. La modernité de la pensée du philosophe genevois réside dans le fait qu’elle ouvre des possibles en matière de pratique politique.
« Devoir-implique-pouvoir » et le problème des négations de normes
Authors: Notter Judith
Published: June 2021

Selon certains philosophes, le principe « devoir-implique-pouvoir » (DIP) exprime une vérité analytique et permet d’inférer des énoncés normatifs sur la base de prémisses purement descriptives. Le principe DIP offrirait ainsi un contre-exemple à la fameuse loi de Hume. Le problème est que DIP permet uniquement de construire des raisonnements dont les conclusions sont des négations de normes. Or, selon certains auteurs, les négations de normes n’expriment pas de véritables jugements moraux (Nelson, 1995). En ce sens, selon eux, DIP ne permet pas de tirer des conclusions normatives sur la base de prémisses uniquement descriptives. Dans cet article, nous soutenons au contraire que les négations de normes sont de véritables normes et que DIP permet bien de déduire une conclusion normative à partir de prémisses purement descriptives.
QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COAL DEPOSIT KOTEZI IN THE BUGOJNO BASIN
Authors: Forčaković Dževad
Published: June 2021

This paper presents study results of the qualitative characteristics of coal deposit Kotezi. Regional geological researches were conducted from 1983 to 1987, and detailed from 2014 to the end of 2018.

Tests were performed on the following coal quality parameters: average thickness of pure coal in coal layers, total moisture content, ash content, total sulfur content and lower heat value. Researches were conducted in the field, laboratory and cabinet. Subsequently, an analysis and interpretation of the obtained research results was carried out. Comparing the research geological results of all represented coal layers, deviations of the considered parameters were determined.

ls of the Bugojno basin belong to the younger coals, soft to medium hard, no luster (matt), brown to black colored, and have brown streak. Their fracture is plate-like and particleboard. They do not have a distinct lignite structure, except in the lower layers. With their general habitus, they resemble younger brown coals, and belong to humic coals which are relatively low in carbonation. In the vertical profile of coal layers, the highest quality components are from the upper part of the layer, while the slightly lower quality components are from the middle and lower parts of the layer.
INFLUENCE OF STRESS RATIO IN SHEAR SURFACE ON SHEAR STRENGTH OF DEPOSITED MATERIAL
Authors: Isabegović Jasmin , Mandžić Kenan
Published: June 2021

The "Ribnica" landfill of the "Vrtlište" surface mine bordered the river Ribnica until during 2017, a landslide was started and the river Ribnica was interrupted, and a water reservoir was formed. After the completion of the tunnel that diverted the river Ribnica, its previously interrupted riverbed in the downstream part is planned for continuation of the disposal of masses from the surface mine "Vrtlište" by making an earth dam. The dam has the role of retaining large waters in case of exceeding the maximum tunnel flow, as well as in cases of monitoring and construction work in the tunnel.

The requirement to use landfill material for the construction of the dam poses a significant risk due to the lack of data on its shear strength. This paper presents the results of research on the shear strength of materials in the conditions of dam construction, under optimal moisture conditions and maximum compaction and analyzes the obtained results, which should define the behavior of the tested materials in the conditions of dam construction. The conducted research represents the first phase of the research, which will be followed by research into the shear strength of completely saturated materials, which will determine the behavior of deposited materials in the dam body and the final slopes.
RADIATION RESISTANT COMPOSITE FOR BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF THE PERSONNEL
Authors: Barabash Dimitry , Barabash Andrei , Pinaev Sergey
Published: June 2021

Results of scientific and practical justification of use as a part of designs of biological protection of polymer concrete on the basis of non - isocyanates polyurethane are presented. Influence of a ratio polymer is established: radiation - resistant filler on strength and protective properties of a polymer concrete. Regression dependences of change of the main properties of the specified polymer concrete on the power of the absorbed radiation dose are given. The synergetic effect in weakening of radiation when sharing a hydrogenous polymeric basis and radiation resistant powders is shown.
THE NATURAL HERITAGE OF PALE MUNICIPALITY: LOCAL POPULATION ATTITUDES
Authors: Golijanin Jelena , Šušnjar Sanda , Ivanović Rade
Published: June 2021

Natural and landscape complex of Pale municipality, where dominates mountainous areas, are characterized by diversity of geological and geomorphological phenomena and forms, as well as biological and ecosystem diversity. The significance of natural heritage is multiple, especially in terms of tourism and adapting the tourist offer to the needs and expectations of modern tourists. The aim of the research of this paper is to determine the Pale population attitudes in regarding natural heritage of the municipality. In accordance with the set goal, defined research questions were analyzed relative to gender, age, qualifications and employment.

Attitudes were analyzed according to the importance of natural heritage at local and national levels, importance for tourism development, economic prosperity and improvement of the quality of life. In terms of preserving and protecting the natural heritage of the municipality, several studies has been done, but in practice the situation is much worse, so the attitude of the Pale population was studied with respect to the importance of protecting and preserving the natural heritage.
GEOCHEMISTRY AND PETROGENESIS OF OLIGOCENE DACITES FROM THE CENTRAL BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA WITH INSIGHT IN THE POSTCOLLISIONAL TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF CENTRAL DINARIDIC OPHIOLITE BELT
Authors: Salkić Zehra , Lugović Boško , Babajić Elvir
Published: June 2021

Magmatic rocks of post-Late Eocene magmatic formation are widespread in the Sava segment of SavaVardar suture zone and adjoin areas. The rocks formed as a response to transpressional-transtensional tectonic activity preceded by the Cretaceous-Eocene compression of the Internal Dinarides and Tisia Unit as fragments of Eurasian continental lithosphere. Central Bosnia Tertiary volcanic rocks (CBTVR), erupted as dacites in Lower Oligocene, are peculiar rocks of this formation either by their location (southernmost distal outcrops) or geological setting (extrusive within the melange of the Internal Dinaride Ophiolite Belt).

Major element composition of the CBTVR reveals high-K calc-alkaline geochemical affinity whereas trace element discriminate the rocks as shoshonitic. The rocks are LILE-enriched and show negative TaNb, P and Ti anomalies, and positive Pb anomalies typical of subduction related volcanic rocks. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns exhibit significant LREE/HREE enrichment [(La/Yb)cn = 21.4 - 33.4]. Geochemical affinity of the CBTVR combined with tectonic position of extrusions suggests derivation of the melts from the subcontinental mantle which had inherited strong orogenic signature during an ancient subduction.
HAULAGE ANALYSIS IN THE AIM OF THE COMBINED SYSTEM APPLICATION ON THE LEAD AND ZINC MINE "SASE" SREBRENICA
Authors: Torbica Duško , Malbašić Vladimir , Tošić Dražana , Popović Jovan
Published: June 2021

One of the most important influencing factors on the economy of mines with surface and underground exploitation is the correct choice of haulage technology of ore and waste.

The paper analyzes the haulage of ore and waste in the Lead and Zinc Mine “Sase” Srebrenica and determines the optimal haulage length on the four excavation blocks for the application of the new haulage system by using the mine trucks from the aspect of set criteria, increasing capacity and reducing haulage costs through the techno – economic analysis and optimization.The optimal haulage length is determined through the calculations of the loader capacity and the possible choice of the truck
depending on the stated criteria.
INFLUENCE OF CREEP CONCRETE ON SPACE STABILITY THIN-WALLED DOME COVERINGS
Authors: Gridnev Sergey , Prokshits Ekaterina , Sotnikova Olga , Zolotukhina Iana
Published: June 2021

The task was set, due to the capabilities of modern software systems, to assess the effect of the increase in inelastic deformations under prolonged load action on the loss of stability of thin-walled dome coverings. The study of the dependences of the forms of the loss of stability of dome covering from creep concrete that will help further with optimization calculations when determining of the most influencing parameters of designs.

Calculation results of thin-walled concrete dome roof of circular outline under the influence of operational loadings with use of two modern program complexes are given in article. It is investigated intense and deformation condition of dome coverings as a part of construction from position of forecasting of possible forms of loss of stability, with use of opportunities of the final and element «MidasCivil» computer system. In work provisions of the theory of elasticity, mechanics of deformation of solid body, construction mechanics and also methods of mathematical modeling based on application of finite element method are used.

The received results give the chance to rationally select geometrical parameters and material of design and also to set structural strength safety factors at the solution of problems of stability of different covers taking into account possible creep of material.
INFLUENCE OF ROUGHTY OF A RECTANGULAR OPEN CHANNEL ON FLOW SPEEDS AND WATER FLOW
Authors: Suljić Nedim
Published: June 2021

This paper presents an analysis of water flow and flow velocity in an open channel of rectangular cross section as a function of channel roughness, ie Manning roughness coefficient. Three different cases of finishing the open channel of rectangular cross-section were analyzed, namely the concrete channel, the channel with smoothed cement mortar and the channel in very poor condition with shore erosion overgrown with sedges and large stones at the bottom of the channel. Analyzes were performed on a rectangular channel 3.0 m wide and with water depths in the channel from 0.5 m to 1.5 m with a step of 0.1 m, for steady flow. The longitudinal fall of the bottom of the rectangular channel in all analyzed cases was 1%.u urađene na pravougaonom kanalu širine 3,0 m i sa dubinama vode u kanalu od 0,5 m do 1,5 m sa korakom od 0,1 m, za ustaljeno tečenje. Podužni pad dna pravougaonog kanala u svim analiziranim slučajevima je iznosio 1%. The paper showed that higher Mannig roughness coefficients give lower water flow in the canal. The importance of the paper is reflected in the fact that for each of the three analyzed treatments of the rectangular channel, a quadratic function of water velocity and flow depending on the water depth in the channel was obtained. During the hydraulic calculation, the type of lining of the open rectangular channel should be taken into account in order for the dimensioned channel to be the most favorable in terms of maximum throughput.
POPULISM AND PRONATALITY POLICY WITH REFERENCE TO BIH
Authors: ̌Krešić Boris
Published: June 2021

From the point of view of the demographic movement of the population, the continuous negative natural increase of the population is worrying, with an increasingly pronounced difference between the number of deaths and the number of newborns. If the trend of migration of the able-bodied population to Western European countries is added to that, the prospects for economic and social development are pessimistic. In order to increase the birth rate, it is noticeable that in Bosnia and Herzegovina the so-called natalism or pronatalism is used, a political ideology that promotes the reproduction of human life or, perhaps more accurately, sees the primary role of women as mothers in order to increase the domicile population. Populist measures in the form of cash benefits for the birth of a larger number of children, child allowance or the establishment of an alimony fund cannot be the basis for creating a pronatal policy. Birth policy must cover all spheres of life and focus on the family and not just on a woman.
PAPILOMATOZA VISOKOMLEČNIH KRAVA
Authors: KOSOVČEVIĆ́ Lazar
Published: June 2021

Papilomatoza goveda pripada grupi hroničnih proliferativnih bolesti virusne etiologije. Najčešće obole mlada goveda do 2 godine starosti. Papilomatoza je izazvana papiloma virusom koji na koži i sluznicama dovodi do stvaranja benignih tumora fibroepitelijalnih svojstava. Obično kožni oblik se odlikuje pojavom jednog ili većeg broja papiloma koji su najčešće smešteni na glavi, vratu, plećkama, ušima oko očiju, u području ždrela ustima i vimenu. Karakteristično je za velike papilome pojava česte traumatizacije. Kao rezultat toga mogu da nastanu česta i trajna krvavljenja.
Theoretical study of optical and electronic properties of silicether/graphether heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Chun-Sheng ,   College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
Published: June 2021

Since the discovery and synthesis of graphene, two-dimensional graphether and silicether materials have been predicted as novel semiconductors. A novel two-dimensional silicether/graphether heterostructure is designed by combining silicether and graphether, which has unique optical and electronic properties due to the properties of a single material synthesized by heterostructures. The electronic and optical properties of silicether/graphether heterostructure are studied by the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The binding energy and layer spacing for each of all considered 16 stacking patterns of the heterostructures are calculated. The results show that different stacking patterns have a small effect on the binding energy of the heterostructure. When the layer spacing is 2.21 Å, the stacking pattern in which the concave oxygen atoms of graphether are on the top of the concave oxygen atoms of silicether is the most stable. In addition, it has an indirect band gap of 0.63 eV, which is smaller than that of the silicether and graphether, respectively. By changing the external electric field and the biaxial strain strength, the band gap of the silicether/graphether heterostructure shows tunability. The compressive strain can increase the band gap of silicether/graphether heterostructure, while the band gap decreases with the tensile strain increasing. Especially, when the compressive strain is greater than –6%, the heterostructure undergoes an indirect-to-direct band gap transition, which is beneficial to its applications in optical devices. When the external electric field is applied, the band gap of the heterostructure changes linearly with the strength of the electric field, and the indirect band gap characteristic is maintained. The absorption coefficient of silicether/graphether heterostructure shows a strong peak in the ultraviolet light region. The maximum absorption coefficient can reach up to 1.7 × 105 cm–1 around 110 nm. Compared with that of monolayer graphether and silicether, the optical absorption of the heterostructure is significantly enhanced within the range from more than 80 nm to less than 170 nm. The results show that silicether/graphether heterostructure has an outstanding optical absorption in the ultraviolet region. Moreover, the silicether/graphether heterostructure also shows considerable absorption coefficient (1 × 104—4 × 104 cm–1) in the visible region, which makes it a potential material in photovoltaic applications. This work may provide a novel material with a promising prospect of potential applications in nanodevices.
Properties of axion insulator candidate layered Eu1–xCaxIn2As2
Authors: Yi En-Kui , Wang Bin , Shen Han , Shen Bing ,   National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education (Sun Yat-sen University), School of Physics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Published: June 2021

The study of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials has driven the development of modern nano-electronic devices. Exploration of novel intrinsic layered materials with 2D magnetic order will provide a material candidate pool for fabricating 2D devices and searching for new quantum phases. Recently the layered antiferromagnetic (AF) topological insulators have aroused the great interest of researchers. As one of the proposed axion insulators, EuIn2As2 exhibits a layered structure and 2D AF order. It is found that the parent compound EuIn2As2 exhibits metallic behavior instead of the predicted insulating feature. To pursuit the predicted non-trivial topological state and novel feature, in this paper, we use various elements to dope the system to adjust the Fermi level. It is found that only Ca is successfully doped into the EuIn2As2 system. The systematic transport and magnetization studies are performed on the single crystal of Eu1–xCaxIn2As2. The long-range AF order is revealed to be similar to the parent compound. Above the AF transition, the magnetization violated Curie-Weiss behavior and magnetoresistance keeps negative, indicating the ferromagnetic order. With doping nearly 20% non-magnetic Ca, the magnetic properties of the system barely change, which is favorable to keeping the former predicted nontrivial topological properties in EuIn2As2. Although Ca shares the same valence with Eu, the carrier density of Eu1–xCaxIn2As2 is one order lower than that of EuIn2As2. The Ca doping brings electrons in and lifts the Fermi level. The results enrich the 2D magnetic material candidate pool and provide useful information for realizing the nontrivial topological state in the 2D AF system.
Validación Preliminar de la Escala de Ansiedad ante la Muerte de Templer en una Muestra Argentina
Authors:   Universidad Argentina de la Empresa (Argentina), Resett Santiago , Kenserbaum Maia ,   Universidad Argentina de la Empresa, González Caino Pablo ,   Universidad Argentina de la Empresa
Published: June 2021

La Escala de Ansiedad ante la Muerte de Templer es uno de los instrumentos mundialmente más usados a este respecto. Sin embargo, dicha escala no se ha adaptado en Sudamérica. De este modo, el presente trabajo examinó sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra argentina. Se constituyó una muestra intencional de 859 adultos emergentes de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina (30% varones, con edades de 18 a 30 años). Los participantes contestaron la Escala de Ansiedad ante la Muerte de Templer, las Escalas Ansiedad y Depresión de la Escala DASS-21 de Lovibond y Lovibond, el Inventario de Preocupación de Pensilvania de Meyer y otros y un cuestionario demográfico. Mediante análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios se comprobó una estructura bifactorial que era más adecuada que una estructura unifactorial de la escala. La consistencia interna, confiabilidad compuesta y confiabilidad test/retest fueron satisfactorias. Con respecto a su validez concurrente, se observaron correlaciones entre la escala y las medidas de ansiedad, depresión y preocupación —rs de tamaño pequeño y mediano que iban de 0,28 a 0,48—. Estos resultados indicarían que esta versión preliminar de la escala mostró evidencias de validez y confiabilidad en la Argentina. En la discusión se analizan las implicancias de estos hallazgos y se brindan sugerencias para futuros estudios, como estudiar sus propiedades en otras naciones de Sudamérica y evaluar su validez concurrente con otras medidas de ansiedad ante la muerte.
Discrimination and Mental Health: Mediation Effects of Coping Strategies in LGB and Heterosexual Youth
Authors:   University of Porto (Portugal), Fonseca de Freitas Daniela , Silva Cláudia ,   University of Porto (Portugal), Coimbra Susana ,   University of Porto (Portugal)
Published: June 2021

Previous studies reveal that the negative effect of discrimination on mental health is particularly pernicious among stigmatised minorities. However, research also points out the importance of protection mechanisms that may buffer its effect. This study aimed to explore the relationships between mental health, perceived discrimination, and coping strategies of positive reframing and self-blame in LGB and heterosexual youth. Data were collected through a paper and pencil and an online survey administered to 195 Portuguese adolescents and young adults. The survey covered mental health (Mental Health Inventory-5), discrimination (Everyday Discrimination Scale), and coping strategies (Brief COPE). Of the sample, 73.3% were women and 51.8% self-identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB). Analyses of variance show that LGB participants have experienced more discrimination than their heterosexual counterparts. There was no difference in the levels of mental health and the use of self-blame or positive reframing coping strategies. Regression analyses reveal that perceived discrimination and self-blame contribute to the worsening of the mental health of LGB and heterosexual youth. Positive reframing coping was a predictor of mental health only in LGB participants, a strategy that contributed to their resilience in the face of discrimination. Additionally, only LGB participants displayed an indirect effect of discrimination on mental health, partially mediated by self-blame coping. Results corroborate previous findings that suggest that perceived discrimination has a more deleterious effect for members of a minority group and support the psychological mediation framework regarding the effect of discrimination on mental health in stigmatised groups.
Sistematización de un Modelo Fenomenológico-Narrativo para el Análisis del Relato Autobiográfico Durante el Proceso Psicoterapéutico
Authors:   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Duero Dante G. , Osorio Francisco ,   Universidad Nacional Córdoba; Universidad de Chile, Córdoba María C. ,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, González Grané María del C. ,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Published: June 2021

El artículo se propone caracterizar y sistematizar el método desarrollado por Duero y Limón Arce (2007) para el análisis de relatos autobiográficos. Se trata de un procedimiento fenomenológico y narrativo que procura evaluar la coherencia y composición de esta clase de producción discursiva. Atiende a 2 dimensiones: temático-estructural y funcional. Estos autores han identificado y clasificado estrategias y estilos narrativos para la construcción de relatos autobiográficos de estudiantes universitarios y pacientes con patología mental. Sus datos han mostrado consistencia y han aportado cierta validez inicial al método. El procedimiento habría permitido reconocer patrones narrativos característicos y diferenciados en las distintas submuestras. El procedimiento original ha tenido algunas modificaciones que se han descrito de forma parcial en artículos posteriores, pero no siempre de forma sistemática. Este trabajo ofrece una descripción detallada de las categorías de análisis y etapas del procedimiento, comentando los avances posteriores. Se discute la utilidad del método para investigar qué caracteriza la dinámica y evolución en la construcción del relato autobiográfico de los pacientes en las diferentes etapas de un proceso psicoterapéutico; se aportan datos preliminares en base a trabajos recientes. En estos estudios se ha aplicado el procedimiento en sesiones iniciales y finales de una psicoterapia y en episodios de estancamiento y de cambio terapéutico. Los resultados preliminares indican que las narrativas de los pacientes ofrecen características particulares que el modelo permite reconocer y diferenciar. Se evalúan y discuten las implicancias y potencialidades de la propuesta.
Validación de Mediciones Retrospectivas del Consumo de Alcohol Mediante Diarios de Consumo
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, Pilatti Angelina , Ensinck Atienza María Guadalupe ,   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, Rivarola Montejano Gabriela ,   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, Pautassi Ricardo Marcos ,   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
Published: June 2021

Se analizó la correspondencia entre estimaciones de consumo de alcohol obtenidas mediante mediciones retrospectivas (Cuestionario de Consumo de Alcohol —CCA—) y un Diario de Consumo. Participaron 134 jóvenes de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina (M edad = 23,31, DE = 3,18) que reportaron diariamente y por 60 días su consumo de alcohol. Al final del primer y segundo mes, completaron el CCA con preguntas que medían retrospectivamente conductas de consumo de alcohol durante los 30 y 60 días previos, el Cuestionario de Identificación de Patrón Perjudicial de Consumo de Alcohol y el Cuestionario de Consecuencias del Consumo de Alcohol en Jóvenes Adultos. La recolección de datos se hizo mediante encuestas online, por lo que la muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia. Se examinó la correlación entre las estimaciones obtenidas mediante el Diario de Consumo y aquellas obtenidas retrospectivamente (CCA). Los resultados mostraron, en general, una alta correlación entre estas estimaciones. Las correlaciones entre las estimaciones de cantidad (≥ 0,75), frecuencia usual (≥ 0,64) y frecuencia de consumo hasta la ebriedad (≥ 0,74) tuvieron un tamaño del efecto grande, tanto para los datos del primer como del segundo mes. La mayor correspondencia se encontró para las estimaciones de cantidad usual (0,77). Este estudio aporta evidencia sobre la validez de las estimaciones retrospectivas del consumo de alcohol, al mismo tiempo que se enfatiza la importancia de utilizar indicadores de consumo usual y riesgoso de alcohol en periodos temporales recientes.
Medical Students’ Attitudes and Beliefs toward Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alyoubi Reem , Alotaibi Afnan , Mohamed Haifa , Alghamdi Lama , Alhumaidi Nouran , Alsulami Roaya , Tayyeb Shehana
Published: June 2021

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common reasons for long-term disability among the world. Up to 70–85% of people develop a back pain during the course of their lives. It affects people of all ages and is generally caused by sedentary jobs, obesity, smoking and low socioeconomic status. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) harms one’s work effectiveness, psychological condition and social responsibilities, such as family life. LBP is considered an indication for medical rehabilitation and is increasingly becoming a significant factor in rising healthcare costs. The current LBP guidelines recommend health care professionals to encourage patients to conduct daily physical activity, which includes remaining in purposeful work and staying active daily. Health care practitioners (HCPs) who hold negative beliefs toward CLBP are likely to suggest advice against the present guidelines, including longdays absence from their jobs.On the other hand, HCPs holding positive beliefs are more likely to appreciate the guidelines.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the beliefs and attitudes toward CLBP among medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia at the King Abdulaziz University (KAU), between June–July 2018.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative cross-sectional study among 370 medical students at the KAU using an online HC-PAIRS questionnaire. We entered the data using an Excel sheet (2013)and then analyzed it using SPSS (version 23). We used chi-square, one-way ANOVA and summary and independent t-tests.

Results: In this study, we used the mean and standard deviation of the total score to compare our study (µ = 64.43 ± 11.34) with a previous study that focused on functional restoration HCPs at the Tufts University, USA (µ = 38 ± 7) using summary t-test (t = –25.316). The p-value was significant (<0.001).

Conclusion: We demonstrated the differences between KAU students and HCPs at Tufts University regarding the HC-PAIRS questionnaire score, which revealed a higher mean score among our participants. This led us to conclude that KAU medical students hold negative attitudes and beliefs concerning the application of CLBP guidelines. In light of this, we recommend raising awareness about CLBP guidelines among the medical students and the society at large.
Protein Engineering Strategies for Improved Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Rondon Aurélie , Mahri Sohaib , Morales‐Yanez Francisco , Dumoulin Mireille , Vanbever Rita
Published: June 2021

Protein therapeutics have gained momentum in recent years and become a pillar in treating many diseases and the only choice in several ailments. Protein therapeutics are highly specific, tunable, and less toxic than conventional small drug molecules. However, reaping the full benefits of therapeutic proteins in the clinics is often hindered by issues of immunogenicity and short half‐life due essentially to fast renal clearance and enzymatic degradation. Advances in polymer chemistry and protein engineering allowed overcoming some of these limitations. Strategies to prolong the half‐life of proteins rely on increasing their size and stability and/or fusing them to endogenous proteins (albumin, Fc fragment of antibody) to hijack physiological pathways involved in protein recycling. On the downside, these modifications might alter therapeutic proteins structure and function. Therefore, a compromise between half‐life and activity is sought. This review covers half‐life extension strategies using natural and synthetic polymers as well as fusion to other proteins and sheds light on genetic engineering strategies and chemical and enzymatic reactions to achieve this goal. Promising strategies and successful applications in the clinics are highlighted.
Direct Imaging of Chiral Domain Walls and Néel‐Type Skyrmionium in Ferrimagnetic Alloys
Authors: Seng Boris , Schönke Daniel , Yeste Javier , Reeve Robert M. , Kerber Nico , Lacour Daniel , Bello Jean‐Loïs , Bergeard Nicolas , Kammerbauer Fabian , Bhukta Mona , Ferté Tom , Boeglin Christine , Radu Florin , Abrudan Radu , Kachel Torsten , Mangin Stéphane , Hehn Michel , Kläui Mathias
Published: June 2021

The evolution of chiral spin structures is studied in ferrimagnetic Ta/Ir/Fe/GdFeCo/Pt multilayers as a function of temperature using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA). The GdFeCo ferrimagnet exhibits pure right‐handed Néel‐type domain wall (DW) spin textures over a large temperature range. This indicates the presence of a negative Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction that can originate from both the top Fe/Pt and the Co/Pt interfaces. From measurements of the DW width, as well as complementary magnetic characterization, the exchange stiffness as a function of temperature is ascertained. The exchange stiffness is surprisingly more or less constant, which is explained by theoretical predictions. Beyond single skyrmions, it is identified by direct imaging a pure Néel‐type skyrmionium, which due to the expected vanishing skyrmion Hall angle, is a promising topological spin structure to enable applications by next generation of spintronic devices.
Single step encapsulation process of ivermectin in biocompatible polymer using a supercritical antisolvent system process
Authors: Valarini Junior Osvaldo , Cardoso Flavia Aparecida Reitz , de Souza Guilherme Botelho Meireles , Machado Giufrida Willyan , Cardozo‐Filho Lucio
Published: June 2021

This paper reports the production of ivermectin (IVM)‐encapsulated lecithin/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles via supercritical antisolvent system (SAS). Of a total of nine formulations, experimental condition R7 containing 10% lecithin relative to polymer (PMMA) resulted in the smallest average experimental particle diameter (dexp), more stable surface charges and high IVM encapsulation efficiency (75.9 ± 2.5%). Nanoparticles were morphologically, thermally, and conformationally characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis/thermogravimetric derivative (TGA/DTG), and Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR/ATR) techniques. In vitro release test showed that the drug has a controlled release of approximately 110 h. Peppas–Sahlin model (R2 = 0.99) was able to describe the diffusion of the drug correctly. Cytotoxicity analysis showed high compatibility of nanoparticles with epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. Population balance equation was used to determine kinetic parameters from experimental data of average particle diameter. Synthesized nanoparticles showed high solution stability, good encapsulation capacity, and showed no adverse effects on cell viability, indicating their high potential as a new IVM carrier system for veterinary medicine and human applications.
Adopted children who kill their adoptive parents: An examination through the lens of attachment theory
Authors: Hubbell James T. , Heide Kathleen M. , Wagers Shelly M.
Published: June 2021

Adoptive parricide, the killing of adoptive parents by their adoptive children, is a phenomenon that garners much media attention but remains elusive in the extant literature. Previous studies on adoptive parricide have largely consisted of clinical case studies with limited theoretical explanations. The current study uses Bowlby's attachment theory as a theoretical framework to explore adoptive parricide. A content analysis was conducted of news sources to obtain data on adoptive parricide cases. Hypotheses were generated per attachment theory in the context of Heide's (2013b) parricide offender typology. Early adoptees (n = 27) were compared to late adoptees (n = 29) using Fisher's exact tests. Early adoptees were more likely to kill multiple victims, kill for selfish motives, be overindulged by adoptive parents, and not have limits set and enforced by adoptive parents. Late adoptees were more likely to report having been abused by their adoptive parents. The results were not consistent with attachment theory. Implications for the adoption process and adoptive parenting practices are presented.
Application of deep learning in the detection of breast lesions with four different breast densities
Authors: Li Hongmei , Ye Jing , Liu Hao , Wang Yichuan , Shi Binbin , Chen Juan , Kong Aiping , Xu Qing , Cai Junhui
Published: June 2021

Objective

This retrospective study evaluated the model from populations with different breast densities and showed the model's performance on malignancy prediction.

Methods

A total of 608 mammograms were collected from Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital in Yangzhou City. The data from this province have not been used in the training or evaluation data set.

The model consists of three submodules, lesion detection (Mask‐rcnn), lesion registration between craniocaudal view and mediolateral oblique view, malignancy prediction network (ResNet). The data set used to train the model was obtained from nine institutions across six cities. For normal cases, there were no annotations. Here, we adopted the free‐response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) curve as the indicator to evaluate the detection performance of all cancers and triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). The FROC curves are also shown for mass/distortion/asymmetry and typical benign calcification in two kinds of populations with four types of breast density.

Results

The sensitivity to mass/distortion/asymmetry for the four types of breast (A, B, C, D) are 0.94, 0.92, 0.89, and 0.72, respectively, when false positive per image is 0.25, while these values are 1.00, 0.95, 0.92, and 0.90, respectively, for the amorphous calcification lesions. The sensitivity for the cancer is 0.85 at the same false‐positive rate. The TNBC accounts for about 10%–20% of all breast cancers and is more aggressive with poor prognosis than other breast cancers. Herein, we also evaluated performance on the TNBC cases. Our results show that Yizhun AI could detect 75% TNBC lesions at the same false‐positive level mentioned above.

Conclusion

The Yizhun AI model used in our work has good diagnostic efficiency for different types of breast, even for the extremely dense breast. It has a guiding role in the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. The performance of Yizhun AI on mass/distortion/asymmetry is affected by breast density significantly compared to that on amorphous calcification.
The Role of Peripheral Amide Groups as Hydrogen‐Bonding Directors in the Tubular Self‐Assembly of Dinucleobase Monomers
Authors: Vázquez‐González Violeta , Mayoral María J. , Aparicio Fátima , Martínez‐Arjona Paula , González‐Rodríguez David
Published: June 2021

Nanotubes are a fascinating kind of self‐assembled structure which have a wide interest and potential in supramolecular chemistry. We demonstrated that nanotubes of defined dimensions can be produced from dinucleobase monomers through two decoupled hierarchical cooperative processes: cyclotetramerization and supramolecular polymerization. Here we analyze the role of peripheral amide groups, which can form an array of hydrogen bonds along the tube axis, on this self‐assembly process. A combination of 1H NMR and CD spectroscopy techniques allowed us to analyze quantitatively the thermodynamics of each of these two processes separately. We found out that the presence of these amide directors is essential to guide the polymerization event and that their nature and number have a strong influence, not only on the stabilization of the stacks of macrocycles, but also on the supramolecular polymerization mechanism.
Methods to Evaluate Near‐Infrared Photoinitiating Systems for Photopolymerisation Reactions Assisted By Upconversion Materials
Authors: Zou Xiucheng , Zhu Junzhe , Hu Peng , Liu Ren
Published: June 2021

The photoinitiating systems of upconversion materials‐assisted photopolymerization (UCAP) lacks a systematic evaluation method, which significantly limits its applications of high‐performance and high‐precision materials. Herein, we demonstrate an operable evaluation system for photoinitiating systems selection from the aspects of spectral matching, initiation activity and polymerization ability, or as an instructed strategy for the novel initiation systems development in UCAP process. Ir‐784, Om‐819, Om‐TPO and ITX stand out from the analysis of quantitative initiation systems and have excellent initiation and polymerization performances. Notably, the exogenous heat from the UCAP induced by the NIR laser excellently improves the polymerization ability of the photoinitiating system and the mechanical properties of the final materials. The evaluation method integrated with digital and theoretical research will further extend the versatility of UCAP technology in chemistry “4.0” of developing digital‐based production technologies.
Stability‐indicating reversed‐phase/normal‐phase high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography technique for the determination of arbidol: Green analytical chemistry viewpoint
Authors: Alam Prawez , Salem‐Bekhit Mounir M. , Iqbal Muzaffar , Anwer Md. Khalid , Alqarni Mohammed H. , Shakeel Faiyaz
Published: June 2021

The sensitive and rapid stability‐indicating green reversed‐phase (RP)/routine normal‐phase (NP) high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique has been established for the analysis of arbidol (ADL) from green analytical chemistry viewpoint. The green reversed‐phase analysis of ADL was carried out using RP‐18 silica gel 60 F254S plates. The mobile phase for the green reversed‐phase technique was ethanol/water/ammonia (80:10:10, vol/vol/vol). The routine normal‐phase analysis of ADL was performed using NP‐18 silica gel 60 F254S plates. The mobile phase for the routine normal‐phase technique was hexane/acetone/ammonia (50:45:5, vol/vol/vol). The detection of ADL was performed at 317 nm for both of the techniques. The linearity ranges for the green reversed‐phase and routine normal‐phase techniques were recorded as 40–800 ng/band and 100–600 ng/band, respectively. The proposed reversed‐phase HPTLC technique was also found to be stability‐indicating for the quantification of ADL in the presence of impurities/degradation products. The AGREE scores for green reversed‐phase HPTLC and routine normal‐phase HPTLC techniques were obtained as 0.86 and 0.49, respectively, suggesting the excellent greenness for reversed‐phase HPTLC technique compared with routine normal‐phase HPTLC technique. Overall, the green reversed‐phase HPTLC technique was found to be superior over routine normal‐phase HPTLC technique for the detection of ADL.
Reference Values for Left Atrial Strain and Strain Rate Based on a Large Sample of Healthy Chinese Adults: An MR‐Feature Tracking Study
Authors: Gao Yiyuan , Zhang Zhen , Li Gengxiao , Zhou Shanshan , Lou Mingwu , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhao Jun , Li Kuncheng , Pohost Gerald M.
Published: June 2021

Background

While reference values of left atrial (LA) deformation parameters in Western populations have been established, reference data in healthy Asian populations are limited.

Purpose

To establish age‐ and sex‐specific reference values for LA strain and strain rate (SR) based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults using magnetic resonance‐feature tracking (MR‐FT).

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Four hundred and eight healthy Chinese adults (220 males, aged 43.5 ± 11.5 years; 188 females, aged 45.3 ± 12.8 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5 T/balanced steady‐state free precession.

Assessment

Reservoir strain (εs), conduit strain (εe), booster strain (εa), peak positive SR (SRs), peak early negative SR (SRe), and peak late negative SR (SRa) were obtained by MR‐FT.

Statistical Tests

We used Shapiro–Wilk test, Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, linear regression, and coefficient of determination (r2).

Results

Women demonstrated significantly greater LA strain (εs [%]: 44.0 ± 9.9 vs. 38.3 ± 8.7; εe [%]: 26.7 ± 8.0 vs. 22.3 ± 6.8; εa [%]: 17.3 ± 4.4 vs. 16.0 ± 3.8) and SR (SRs [/second]: 1.8 ± 0.5 vs. 1.6 ± 0.4; SRe [/second]: −2.5 ± 0.9 vs. −2.1 ± 0.7; SRa [/second]: −1.9 ± 0.6 vs. −1.8 ± 0.5) than men. For both sexes, aging was significantly associated with decreased εs, SRs, εe, and SRe (r2 = 0.07, r2 = 0.05, r2 = 0.19, and r2 = 0.24 for men; r2 = 0.13, r2 = 0.11, r2 = 0.31, and r2 = 0.46 for women), and significantly increased εa (r2 = 0.03 and r2 = 0.05 for men and women). There was no significant correlation between age and SRa in both sexes (P = 0.057 and P = 0.377 for men and women, respectively).

Data Conclusion

We provide age‐ and sex‐specific reference values for LA strain and SR based on a large sample of healthy Chinese adults using MR‐FT.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy Stage

5
GMO Medicines and hospital pharmacy practice: a review
Authors: Webb Timothy L. , Hong Eugenia
Published: June 2021

Research into gene therapy and genetically modified organism (GMO) medicines is intensifying. Whilst there are only a small number of GMO medicines which have successfully reached registration, Australian hospital pharmacy departments may find themselves in a position where they are required to handle, prepare and dispense this emerging class of therapy in a clinical trial setting. This article explores current literature concerning the management of GMO medicines in a hospital setting. Currently, the bulk of GMO medicines employ the use of viral vectors to deliver therapeutic genetic material into patients. The use of biohazardous agents such as viral vectors presents a new set of safety risks to both patients and pharmacy staff. Pharmacists need to be aware of the safety risks surrounding the use of GMO medicines and implement procedures to handle these medicines safely. Further, pharmacists will need to be familiar with the Gene Technology Act 2000 in addition to the state and federal regulations governing the use of medicines in Australia.
Morphology and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 powders prepared in molten sodium chloride
Authors: Ni J.L. , Lin X. , Wang Q. , Sun C.Y. , Du F.Y. , Liu X.S. , Feng S.J.
Published: June 2021

NiFe2O4 powders were successfully fabricated at different temperatures by using molten salt method and their structure and magnetic properties were investigated by using x‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer. The x‐ray diffractometer result shows that all powders are single spinel phase, scanning electron microscope image indicates that the grain mainly has an octagonal shape and the average particle size increases with increasing sintering temperature. The vibrating sample magnetometer data reveal that saturation magnetization of NiFe2O4 powders increases, while coercivity decreases with increasing sintering temperature.
A simulation model with numerical method and optimal control of magneto‐rheological shock isolator
Authors: Wang Fan , Wang Lin‐Xiang
Published: June 2021

Shock is ubiquitous in life and often has a negative impact on human activities. Recently, researchers have tried various controllable materials and structures in the field of shock isolation, achieving active and semi‐active control, especially various Magneto‐Rheological (MR) dampers. However, there are problems such as the accuracy of the simulation model is not high and the traditional control methods and strategies cannot be used. In the current paper, a vibration isolator is proposed to improve the shock response, which is based on the MR effect. The MR damper is characterized by a differential equation model based on phase transition theory, and the dynamic model of the system is derived. Comparison of different numerical methods is presented, where the efficiency and accuracy of the different numerical methods are compared. Through the comparison, the best numerical method is finally obtained with an optimal parameter. When the system is subjected to shock, optimal control is achieved using different methods, including Chebyshev pseudo‐spectral method, linear piecewise method, and Legendre wavelet method. The shock response shows the superiority of the system after adopting the control method, compared to the passive system and traditional fixed current control. This shows the effectiveness of the optimal control methods proposed in the current paper in solving shock isolation problems, especially the shock isolation problem during projectile launching.
Accelerate the adoption of industrial AM
Authors: Eckhoff Ashley
Published: June 2021

Additive manufacturing (AM) as a technology has experienced major growth in the past decade. The number of available materials has skyrocketed, and their capabilities are further expanded through functional design to coax specific properties from a material.
Polarization analyzer for fiber optics and free beam applications
Authors: Knigge Anja , Schulz Michael , Knothe Christian , Oechsner Ulrich
Published: June 2021

The state of polarization plays an integral role in many optical measurement techniques. The defined adjustment and setting of the polarization as well as its precise measurement is often fundamental to further success.