bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of international academic mobility in strengthening the efficiency of “soft power” policy of modern Russia
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Alieva Ludmila , Ambartsumyan Karine ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: September 2022

The authors of the article address the problem of practical implementation of “soft power” in modern Russian foreign policy. The aim of the research was to understand the role of academic mobility in the development of a positive image of Russia in the world. In this regard, the authors emphasize the inexpediency of understanding science and education as a means of propaganda and ideological response to foreign opponents. Academic mobility is one of the effective channels that allows not only to share the results of research and educational activities, but also, through interpersonal communication in professional communities, to destroy the existing negative stereotypes about Russia. The article provides experience of DAAD as one of the best practices in organizing academic exchanges, and emphasizes the possibility of adapting this experience for Russia. Opposing the statement of J. Nay, German experience has shown the effectiveness of active participation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in supporting international cooperation in education and research. Taking into account the diversity of regions in the Russian Federation, the authors came to the conclusion that it is necessary to enhance cross-border cooperation with neighboring regions following the policy of “soft power”. As an example, the authors present the experience of North Caucasus Federal University in cooperation with scientific and educational institutions of the South Caucasus. The border position of the North Caucasus region, common historical past of the peoples and common Caucasian identity make NCFU an effective tool for strengthening Russia’s influence in the region, which traditionally becomes an arena of international rivalry. The article also presents the experience of implementing joint projects with European partners, analyzes current trends in the development of European Higher Education Area, and shows the role of academic mobility in the formation of a sustainable, cohesive and peaceful Europe. In this regard, the authors conclude that universities make a significant contribution to the formation of a positive image of Russia as a country with ethnic, cultural, historical, religious and geographical diversity.
On the method of surface-wave tomography and perspectives for its application in engineering seismic exploration
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Levin Ilya , Ponomarenko Andrei ,   St. Petersburg State University, Polovkov Vyacheslav ,   St. Petersburg State University, Popov Dmitry ,   St. Petersburg State University, Troyan Vladimir ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: September 2022

The upper part of the seismic section is studied using refracted waves, as well as surface waves using the MASW method during engineering seismic surveys. This work is devoted to consideration of a relatively new near-surface approach, which is actively used in seismology for studying the upper mantle and deep part of the earth's crust, the method of surface wave tomography. This method is of great practical interest, since it allows to obtain 3D subsurface models and conduct remote researches; also it potentially has better spatial resolution than the widely used MASW method. Within the framework of this work, tests of the developed algorithm for surface-wave tomography using direct rays were carried out on modeled data. The performance of the algorithm was assessed and the resolution of the method was estimated. Also the optimal observation schemes were considered as well as the influence of the regularization parameter value on the inversion result. Basing on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that the method of surface-wave tomography and its realization via the developed algorithm can be effectively used to solve engineering-geological problems.
Late Glacial and Early Holocene lacustrine sedimentation history of the northern Mologa-Sheksna Lowland derived from Lake Beloye sediments (NW Russia)
Authors:   Darwin State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Sadokov Dmitriy ,   St. Petersburg State University, Sapelko Tatyana ,   Institute of Limnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SPC RAS, Bobrov Nikita ,   St. Petersburg State University, Melles Martin ,   University of Cologne, Fedorov Grigory ,   St. Petersburg State University,   Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
Published: September 2022

Few detailed case studies have been devoted so far to the Late Pleistocene palaeogeography of the northern Mologa-Sheksna Lowland (MSL), compared to adjacent regions covering the Valdai glaciation marginal zone. Lake Beloye (Russia, Vologda region, Babaevo district) bottom sediments were studied using ground penetrating radar (GPR) and subsequently were cored in order to build a palaeoclimatic reconstruction for the northern MSL, because lacustrine deposits are considered to be valuable and representative palaeoarchive of the area. Chronology of regional palaeoclimatic and palaeohydrological changes from the Bølling — Allerød warming to the Early Holocene was traced on the basis of inorganic and organic geochemistry, mineralogical proxies, grain-size, magnetic susceptibility, accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating and optical microanalysis. During the Late Glacial and the Pleistocene/Holocene transition in the northern MSL interstadial climatic conditions were determined at ~ 14.0 cal. ka BP (Bølling, stage GI-1e of the GICC05 timescale) and ~ 13.0 cal. ka BP (Allerød, stages GI-1c3 — GI-1a). A pronounced cold period associated with Younger Dryas (stage GS- 1) was registered in the multiproxy record at 12.8–11.7 cal. ka BP. High-resolution x-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning helped to reveal short-term “cold” events at ~ 13.7, ~ 13.1 and ~11.5 cal. ka BP, which were associated with Older Dryas (stage GI-1d), Gerzensee-Killarney oscillation (stage GI-1b) and Preboreal oscillation respectively, and “warm” episodes at ~ 13.2 and ~ 11.8 cal. ka BP, which presumably correspond to the end of the stage GI-1c1 and Greenlandian Stage/Age respectively. Ultimate interglacial (Holocene) climate onset within the MSL was attributed to ~ 11,7 cal. ka BP, which is marked by the sharp rise of total organic carbon content in the sediments and lithological changes to muddy fraction. Numerous water level oscillations occurred in the large proglacial lakeduring the last glacial termination, ending with Its final drainage in the northern MSL by ~ 10.9 cal. ka BP. The reconstructed palaeoclimatic dynamics is in overall agreements with the global reconstructions for the North Atlantic and Fennoscandia regions.
Features of the formation of the Central and East Pacific La Niña types
Authors:   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems, Marchukova Olesia , Voskresenskaya Elena ,   Institute of Natural and Technical Systems
Published: September 2022

In this paper the dataset of global ocean chlorophyll «a» (Chl a) concentration from the GlobColour project over the equatorial Pacific during the La Niña events from 1998 to 2018 is analyzed. GlobColour includes satellite sensors such as SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS and others. The study of changes in chlorophyll «a» concentration is carried out with an analysis of sea temperature and current distributions on the surface and over the ocean depth taken from the NCEP GODAS reanalysis from 1981 to 2018. Additionally the trade wind indices from 1979 to 2018 are used. The purpose of the work is to study the mechanisms of formation of two La Niña types, leading to the occurrence of different climatic anomalies in different regions of our planet. It is found that at the initial stage of the Central Pacific La Niña type origin the ocean chlorophyll «a» concentration over the center equatorial Pacific increases in six to eight times (from 0.1 mg/m3 to 0.8 mg/m3) and the thermocline depth in this area decreases to 50 m indicating the intensification of the central equatorial upwelling. During the East Pacific La Nina type the central equatorial upwelling is not formed and negative sea surface temperature anomalies are formed by increasing of the Peruvian upwelling supported intensification trade winds on the East Pacific equatorial sector. All obtained results are confirmed by a 95% statistically significant by Student's test. Thus, the work is demonstrated significant differences in the features of the two La Niña types formation at their initial stage of origin.
Formation of the settlement hierarchy: Zipf’s law vs Central place theory
Authors:   Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitriev Ruslan ,   Russian Federation Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2022

This study compares the possibilities and advantages of forming the settlement hierarchy aсcording to Zipf and according to Christaller, starting from the first stages of the settlement systems development. The author found that the minimum number of hierarchy levels required to start the formation of the Christaller distribution, bypassing the Zipf distribution stage, for small values of the urbanization level was two: the first one, represented by one central place, and the level of rural settlements. With virtually the same possibilities of forming a hierarchy according to Zipf and according to Christaller at its initial stages in relation to the share of urban population, the advantages of the latter give large values of the maximum share of each central place in the population of the area it serves and lower costs of the system for the redistribution of the population between the existing settlements and the settlements emerging at a certain stage of evolution. At the same time, with an increase in the share of the urban population, the correspondence of the real rank-size distribution of cities to the ideal one (according to Zipf) decreases. The author established that the distribution according to Zipf and according to Christaller is a kind of two “immiscible liquids”: if the first is based on stochastic processes, then the second is based on non-random, even deterministic ones. The transition of the settlement system from the distribution according to Zipf to the hierarchy according to Christaller is a rather weak construct in the methodological and logical respect.
Ethno-territorial features of social inequality in the USA
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zhitin Dmitrii , Prokofev Aleksei ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: September 2022

The social fragmentation of the US population has pronounced ethno-territorial features. On the example of ten ethnic groups of Americans of various ancestry (German, Italian, Polish, Russian, Chinese, Asian Indian, Filipino, Mexican, Cuban, Salvadoran), the spatial features of social inequality are examined. Six indicators of social well-being were considered in three areas: education, employment status and earnings. The indicators under consideration include: 1) the proportion of individuals without a high school diploma; 2) the proportion of individuals with a bachelor's degree or higher; 3) the proportion of individuals who are not in the labor force; 4) the unemployment rate; 5) median annual earnings; 6) the proportion of individuals with income below poverty level. The states and the District of Columbia were taken as the spatial unit for analyzing the ethno-territorial heterogeneity of social inequality in the United States. The study revealed the socio-spatial heterogeneity of the US territory, determined the hierarchy of ethnic groups in terms of social well-being, and identified states that have the highest deviations from the "normal" distribution of the indicators under consideration. The results obtained make it possible to judge both the influence of ethnic origin and a specific territory on the level of social well-being of the US population. The existing social hierarchy of the considered ethnic groups is highly stable in most states. More often than not, members of a particular ethnic group living in more socially wealthy states will outperform members of the same group living in less socially wealthy states in terms of social well-being. However, this feature is not typical for all states and ethnic groups equally. This allows us to assert that in the United States, inequality between ethnic groups can acquire its own specific characteristics depending on a particular territory.
Urbanization and Suburbanization: Which One Determines Population Migration in Moscow Oblast?
Authors:   HSE University, Karachurina Lilia
Published: September 2022

The aim of this paper is to examine population migration to Moscow Oblast. Moscow Oblast belongs to a small number of Russia’s regions characterized by intensive and diverse population migration. The region attracts migrants from other federal subjects of Russia as well as from abroad, there are also a distinct migration flow to Moscow Oblast originating in Moscow and migration within the borders of Moscow Oblast itself. The motives for migration are analyzed separately for studied migration flows along with the factors of the region’s attractivity for migrants, the differences between migrant flows (moving to Moscow Oblast, moving within Moscow Oblast and ‘non-mobile’ population) are identified. The research was conducted with the help of a specially designed questionnaire via SurveyMonkey platform. The study showed that the ‘suburbanization’ motives for migration related to ecological situation, privacy and monotonous urban environment are not dominant even amongst groups of migrants who have moved to villa communities and townhouses. The following factors indicating great importance for all groups of migrants were identified: the ratio between land price and distance from the center of Moscow, access to the advantages of Moscow city’s labor market, service, and leisure industry. In this context, we can imply that importance of the ‘urban logic’ remains high. Survey responses on the importance of location characteristics, as well as demographic parameters show that the most peculiar population group is ‘non-mobile’ population of Moscow Oblast. Approximately 62% of respondents from households that include those who had migration experience are oriented to work or study in Moscow. The most ‘targeted’ at the capital are migrants who had moved to Moscow Oblast from Moscow.
A room with no Jacob: An aesthetic of absence in Virginia Woolf ’s novels
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Gavritskov Arsenii N.
Published: September 2022

This article explores Virginia Woolf ’s experiments with the narrative that added impersonality to her texts. It focuses on an indefinite narrator’s entries, Woolf ’s making her main characters absent from the plot, and focus shifts from the novels’ anthropomorphic characters. An aesthetics of absence is seen as the key element of Woolf ’s individual style, which defines both the structure and the focalization of her novels. The article analyzes the category of absence in the early Woolf ’s novel The Voyage Out and the subsequent reimagining and deeper development of this technique by the writer, which found expression in her later novels Jacob’s Room, To the Lighthouse, and The Waves. The examples from these works demonstrate how the writer intentionally shifts the focus of the narration from the central characters, thereby creating obstructions for herself as an author in order to discover a new way of telling a story. Appealing to the category of absence is considered in the article as a strategy for finding new ways of constructing narrative. The writer’s experiments with impersonalization show that the absence of the main character does not make it impossible to further develop the narrative: the text goes on even if its characters are silent, passive, absent. In addition, the article traces the connection of the deliberate impersonalization of the text with the writer’s idea of a single universal consciousness that does not disappear after a human’s death: so does the text continue to develop after Woolf made its main characters absent.
Themes of gospel and nativity in Icelandic biblical paraphrase
Authors:   Moscow State Linguistic University, Ogurechnikova Nataliia L.
Published: September 2022

The article examines stanzas 27–33 from “Lilja”, an Icelandic biblical paraphrase written in the form of skaldic drapa and dating from the first half of the XIV c. The subject of the article is the sources of these stanzas and the nature of the skald’s work with the sources. Comparative textual analysis, which is the main method of work, has shown that the skald borrowed the general idea of the text from the Bible of Herman de Valenciennes, and stanzas 27–33, where the theme of the Gospel sounds, are an adaptation of a fragment from “Conception Nostre Dame” (“The Conception of the Virgin”) by Wace (lines 783–864). Analysis of the forms of speech and narrative strategies in stanzas 27–33 has shown their convergence with the forms of speech characteristic of “The Elder Edda” and the use of eddic narrative strategies by the skald. The noted interaction of the eddic and the skaldic traditions in «Lilja» suggests reconsideration of the traditional classification of the text as a skaldic work, despite the form of skaldic drapa and its semantic aureole. “Lilja” is regarded in the paper as a poetic biblical paraphrase born as a result of adaptation of the continental tradition of vernacular theology to the verbal culture of Iceland, i. e. as a manifestation of a new function of the art of poetry.
Literary sources of the image of Spain in the works by Marina Tsvetaeva
Authors:   University of Granada, Portnova Tatjana V. , Voitekhovich Roman S. ,   University of Tartu
Published: September 2022

This paper analyzes literary sources of Spanish themes in the poetry of M.Tsvetaeva. The Spanish theme in Russian culture and Russian-Spanish relations have been fruitfully studied for a long time, but insights of this scholarship are rarely applied to Tsvetaeva’s works (generally when speaking about the images of Carmen and Don Juan, or about the Federico Garcia Lorca translations). Despite the fact that there are many works about the reception of different countries by Tsvetaeva, there are no studies analyzing Spain throughout the poet’s work. But Spanish motives appear in one of the first poems of Tsvetaeva, “The Street woke up”, and the last year of poet’s life is related to the translations of Garcia Lorca. For the first time, this paper takes a panoramic view of the author’s Spanish texts and reveals their literary basis. Among the sources identified we find the texts of Spanish literature and folklore that Tsvetaeva read in translation: folkloric songs, plays by P.Calderon, M.Cervantes, F.Garcia Lorca, etc. But the corpus of non-Spanish sources is much more extensive: here we have the works of Russian poets (A.Pushkin, A.Tolstoy, S.Parnok, P.Antokolsky and others) and foreign authors (P.Merimee, V. Sardou, J. Sand, G.Aguilar, O.Wilde and others). We conclude that Tsvetaeva’s image of Spain is a variant of the European Spanish myth. It has a heterogeneous character and is formed by sources of polyethnic origin.
The scribe Diomid Serkov and the reproduction of the Simeon Polotsky’s works
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Pushkin House), Semiachko Svetlana A.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the origin, sources, and specifics of the miscellany “Tsvetnik, ili Veka sego vremennik,” based on “Vertograd mnogotsvetny” by Simeon Polotsky. The material had four copies of the miscellany, two of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. One of these copies was made by a famous scribe from the last quarter of the 17th — first quarter of the 18th century Diomid Iakov’s son Serkov. The author presented a paleographic description of the manuscripts and a comparative description of their composition. She establish that the manuscript of the «Vertograd mnogotsvetny» State Historical Museum, Synodal Collection, No. 288 (a scribal copy made from the author’s original on the instructions of Simeon Polotsky himself) was the “Tsvetnik” source. The author considers that the miscellany «Tsvetnik, ili Veka sego vremennik» was created by someone from a group of scribes worked under the leadership of Sylvester Medvedev. She dated the miscellany to the time after the death of Simeon Polotsky (1680) and Tsar Feodor Alekseevich (1682) and before the arrest of Sylvester Medvedev (1689) and the confiscation of the source manuscript. Particular attention was paid to the variant created by Diomid Serkov. The author believes that Diomid Serkov composed the poetic texts that mark the sections of the miscellany in his manuscript. According to the author, “Tsvetnik” is a light version of the “Vertograd mnogotsvetny,” devoid of anything outlandish and beyond the usual picture of the world and the usual religious and moral ideas.
The first German grammar, intended for Russian students (1713): Language material peculiarities
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kareva Natalia V. , Pivovarov Evgeny G. ,   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2022

The article explores the first grammar of the German language, intended for use of Russian students: “Die Deutsche Grammatica, Aus Unterschiedenen Autoribus zusammen gebracht Und Der in Deutschland Studierenden Rußischen Nation zum besten In einem Compendio herausgegeben von Charmyntes”. Peculiarities of the language material presented in the man ual are investigated. Deviations from the traditional German language description scheme are fixed: assignment of three article types; viewing a person as a nominal category, complicat ing system of verb tenses etc. We append the results of the research conducted by K.Koch (2002) and. conclude, that in addition to J.Bödiker’s work directly referred to in the manual, its author was influenced by the works of linguists from “Fruitbearing Society”: K. von Stieler, J.Clajus, and Ch. Gueintz. The author also relied on French grammar by J.R.Pepliers. The article analyzes the textbook illustrative material. Quotations from the Gospel, Psalms, evan gelic hymns, and catechistic literature were often used as examples. However, it also contained a heretical example — mentioning of Lucifer among angels. The latter, possibly, explains the mysterious circumstances of the manual publication. It was issued in Berlin in 1713 without indicating its printing house. The author also hid his real name. We describe its surviving copies in Saint Petersburg and Rostock libraries and conclude, that the work, brought to Rus sia in the first third of the 18th century, was significant for the national tradition of language description.
Cyril of Jerusalem catechetical lectures: To linguistic and textual history of the 13th century Tolstovskii manuscript
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novak Maria O. , Penkova Yana A. ,   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: September 2022

The article presents a study of catechetical lectures by Cyril of Jerusalem in the Tolstovskii sbornik (collection) from the 13th century (RNB, F.p.I.39) in comparison with four manuscripts from the 11th–17th centuries. Considering lexical, derivational, and grammatical variations, the authors conclude that the Tolstovskii manuscript has much more archaic features in common with three representatives of the MSS from the “family Sin” (they are three MSS from 11th–16th centuries). At the same time, it looks closer to the manuscript from the 16th–17th centuries (RSL, f. 256, N.P.Rumiantsev collection, no. 194) at the grammatical level. Simultaneously, the grammatical commonality of the Tolstovskii and Rumiantsev manuscripts is also not associated with the later editing but better reflects the original readings of translation than the manuscripts from the “family Sin.” Along with general readings, the Tolstovskii copy is characterized by many special readings that do not coincide with any MSS involved in the analysis. Some of these readings better convey the Greek original text, while others, on the contrary, reflect the result of later distortions. The manuscript does not contain consistent “Preslav” revision traces, although one can sporadically find some East Bulgarian lexemes in it (since many of them are also present in other copies, one cannot consider them as a result of later revisions). Nevertheless, the archaic Cyril and Methodius’ translation layer, both in vocabulary and grammar, turns out to be predominant. Thus, the Tolstovskii manuscript should be recognized as the representative of a particular tradition of Cyril’s catechetical text, far from both the “family Sin” and the Rumiantsev copy, as far as it preserves a large number of archaic features in its language.
Graffiti of the 15th century in the Novgorodian Church of the Dormitionon-in-Volotovo (materials for the catalog)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Rozhdestvenskaya Tatiana V.
Published: September 2022

The report describes the complex of graffiti inscriptions in the Church of the Dormition-in-Volotovo near Novgorod dated 14th century. Some of them were already introduced into scientific circulation, the other are published here for the first time. In contrast to the graffiti of the 12th–15th centuries from other churches of medieval Novgorod, a significant part of the graffiti in the Church of the Dormition-in-Volotovo consists of 2 groups of inscriptions: liturgical quotes and personal names (apart from the standard prayer formulas “Lord help (save, forgive)” and autographs “X wrote”). The main attention in the report is paid to the personal names, the lists of which completely cover the part of the wall to the right of the entrance to the altar and the north-eastern face of the north-eastern pillar. The graffiti are made in different handwriting, but all of them are palaeographically dated to the beginning and the first half of the 15th century. The article publishes Christian names, of which only 6 belong to women. Personal names are presented in the form of Acc. sing., which suggests their use as part of the prayer formula for health or for the repose of “Lord save, have mercy + Acc. Sing.” Many Christian names are represented in the popular vocalization, which is also typical for birch bark letters. The material presented and analyzed in the article is part of the graffiti corpus prepared by the author from the Novgorodian Church of the Dormition-in-Volotovo.
Chrononyms in Stratagema Oeconomicum by S.Gubert and in Lifliandskaia Ekonomiia by M.V.Lomonosov (a comparative study)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Filippov Andrei K.
Published: September 2022

Stratagema Oeconomicum by S.Gubert (first ed. 1645) is a German-language manual on farming in the historical region of Livonia. This German text, as well as its Russian translation Lifljandskaia Ekonomiia (“Economy of Livonia”) signed by M.Lomonosov (1747), contains numerous calendar dates in the form of proper names (chrononyms). Most of these names refer to religious holidays and Christian saints’ days of remembrance. A comparative study of chrononyms from the two texts approaches issues that were not fully resolved in previous works, namely, revealing the strategies used by the Russian author and identifying the reasons for deviations from the original text. An analysis of the linguistic material shows that in the selection of equivalents for German chrononyms, the Russian translator used both the Orthodox Church calendar and the traditional Slavic almanac. Many significant Christian figure are not represented in the Slavic folk calendar, and this led to cases in which names from the German book were replaced with names indicating different, albeit close, calendar dates. In addition, the days of remembrance of some Christian saints differ in the Western and Eastern traditions, which also caused a number of replacements with shifts in dates. Other factors, e. g. climate of Russia and the use of the Julian calendar, did not have a significant impact on the translation of chrononyms. The main aim of the adaptation carried out by the Russian translator, most likely, was the desire to present calendar milestones and intervals in a form familiar to the Russian reader.
Changes in the gut bacteria composition associated with metabolic syndrome
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kotrova Anna , Shishkin Alexandr ,   St. Petersburg State University,   St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Health Ministry of Russia, Pchelin Ivan ,   St. Petersburg State University, Hudiakova Natalia ,   St. Petersburg State University, Gladyshev Nikita ,   St. Petersburg State University, Ermolenko Elena ,   Institute of Experimental Medicine
Published: September 2022

Obesity, arterial hypertension, disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which form the metabolic syndrome, remain the leading risk factors for the development of cardiovascular complications and oncological diseases. Overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle leading to the metabolic syndrome formation are also interconnected with another potential pathogenetic factor of obesity, the gut microbiota. The study of its composition, as well as its metabolites, can serve as a basis for predicting metabolic disorders and for the development of an integrated approach to the metabolic syndrome treatment using probiotic therapy. The clinical assessment of the gut microbiota composition in patients with MS was carried out to identify bacterial taxa potentially associated with the development of MS. Materials (feces) were collected from 113 patients: the first group (n = 59) consisted of overweight patients (body mass index > 25.0) with metabolic disorders in the form of lipid and/or carbohydrate disorders (the average age 44 years). The control group (n = 54) consisted of patients with normal body weight (18.5 < body mass index < 25.0), without metabolic disorders, without arterial hypertension (the average age — 38 years). Fecal samples from patients were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina platform (MiSeq sequencer). The CDHIT-OTU-Miseq program was used to search for taxonomic units. Deoxyribonucleic acid libraries were prepared using the Illumina Nextera sample preparation kit with deoxyribonucleic acid primers corresponding to the V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. In the gut microbiota composition of patients with metabolic syndrome we can highlight the phylum Actinobacteria, its 2 genera Actynomyces spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., as well as the genus Prevotella spp. and the class Gammaproteobacteria. It is assumed that bacterial species belonging to these type, class, and genera can be considered as potential marker bacteria of the metabolic syndrome.
Disinfectants based on polyhexamethylene guanidine for use in underground space
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I St Petersburg State Transport University, Shilova Еkaterina , Levanchuk Alexander ,   Emperor Alexander I St Petersburg State Transport University
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of preparations used for reducing the risk associated with biological agents, which may cause diseases in humans, as well as biological destruction of materials and biofouling of different equipment. In course of selecting disinfectants it is possible and necessary to combine such actual requirements as high level of ecological compatibility and economical feasibility. Preparations on the basis of PHMG completely comply with these requirements. Therein domestic preparations, that do not concede by quality to foreign ones, are proposed for users in convenient forms and concentrations. Their application in underground spaces permits to reduce risk to health of underground workers and to prevent biodeterioration of working zone.
Prospects for evidence-based policy in Russia: The public administrators’ points of view
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mikhaylova Olga V. , Batovrina Ekaterina V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: September 2022

Evidence-based policy is aimed at overcoming subjectivity when making government decisions by means of expertise, using analytical materials at all stages of decision-making and executing processes, and involving internal and external experts. The main objectives of this research are to determine the opportunities and limitations of using evidence-based politics as an approach to making and promoting government decisions in Russia, to identify the attitude of decision makers to evidence-based policy tools and their application in Russian realities, and to obtain expert assessment of the state of evidence-based policy in the Russian public space. To implement these objectives, semi-standardized interviews with a target sample of 37 respondents were conducted. The sample consisted of public administrators and experts from academic and scientific communities. This article reflects the results of interviewing of public administrators: their answers more clearly revealed the possibilities and limitations of using evidence-based policy tools in Russia. The analysis of government officials’ responses showed that, despite the public authorities’ demand for and interest in analytical data and analytical support, the dissemination of evidence-based politics in Russia had a number of limitations. The main obstacles are the low level of trust of public administrators in analytical materials and their authors, low quality rating of analytical services, lack of platforms for regular interaction between government officials and the expert community, and a focus on compliance with formal rather than substantive requirements while working with analytics providers. To overcome the obstacles in the interaction between experts and public administrators in making government decisions it is necessary to expand the practice of using expert support in making decisions and to increase their willingness to adjust to the requirements of government officials as the customers of analytical materials.
The features of digitalization of regional socially oriented NPOs: Cases of Yekaterinburg
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin, Chikova Evgeniya V. , Kuzmina Anna P. ,   Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of a study of the digitalization of activities of socially oriented non-profit organizations in Yekaterinburg. This city was chosen because of its status as theadministrative center of the Ural Federal District and the Sverdlovsk Region, which scores high in the development ratings of the non-profit sector of social services. Interviews with representatives of SO NPOs showed that organizations in Yekaterinburg are going through the stage of “digitalization” Most often they resort to using websites, social networks, instant messengers and online fundraising. Some NGOs are working on creating digital products in various forms for online consultation. The digital dividends received by SO NPOs in Yekaterinburg include: reduction of time costs due to the introduction of electronic document management, an increase in the inflow of financial resources due to the use of online fundraising tools, and a reduction in the risk of loss of reputation due to an increase in the level of publication openness of information resources of NPOs. Information portals are gaining popularity among NGOs, acting as intermediaries in attracting intellectual volunteers to social projects. Furthermore, a sector-wide need in a regional information aggregator for NPOs and in facilitating access of non-profit social service providers to databases of service recipients was identified. Among the barriers to digital maturation is the lack of financial and human resources, the lack of a developed strategy for digital transformation.
Youth problems in South Korean cinema (on the material of Lee Chang-don’s film “Burning”)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Tangalycheva Rumiya K.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes youth issues in South Korean cinematography, using the case of Lee Chang-dong’s film Burning, based on the story “Burn the Barn” by H. Murakami. The theoretical foundation of the study was the approaches of Z. Bauman, specifically his concepts of consumer society, individualized society, consequences of globalization for the individual and society, and modern retrotopia. The analysis of the film is carried using elements of system analysis, which contributes to a better disclosure of the social content of the films of G. Korte and N. A. Agafonova. The methods for collecting empirical data were the content analysis of the film, a review of an interview with director Lee Chang-dong, reviews by Russian and foreign film critics, and audience reviews that contain reactions to the social issues of the film. The works of A. Lankov, O. Kiryanov, D. Tudor, and Y. Hong, as well as publications in periodicals covering the topic, helped to understand the specifics of social problems in the context of the development of modern South Korean society. Youth problems reflected in the film Burning are considered within the framework of economic inequality and social stratification, gender inequality, the disappearing periphery (small homeland) and social perspectives in society. To represent the key problem of socio-economic stratification and inequality of life chances in the context of (post) globalization, Lee Chang-dong resorted to creating diametrically opposed types of young people. Misunderstanding and tension reign between them from the very beginning, leading to anger, which in turn comes out, and at the end of the film a tragedy occurs. The inequality depicted by Lee Chang-dong, on the one hand, is a global trend that is typical for most developed countries of the world. On the other hand, the director placed this trend in the context of modern South Korean society with its specific features.
Attitude of medical students to the study of physical and mathematical disciplines
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod Research State University named after N.I.Lobachevsky, Zolin Igor Е. , Iudin Alexander A. ,   Nizhny Novgorod Research State University named after N.I.Lobachevsky, Iudin Dmitriy I. ,   Volga Region Research Medical University, Iudin Alexander I. ,   “Business Tactics” Consulting Bureau
Published: September 2022

Using materials from a sociological study, this article explores features of the training of medical students in physical and mathematical disciplines. The issues are considered in the space of the intersection of several areas of sociological knowledge (problems of digital society and digital economy, professional education, sociology of healthcare). In the course of the study, assumptions were made that the nature and activity of cognitive activity of medical students in the study of physical and mathematical disciplines are mainly due to three factors: first, the level of general education received, which affects a person’s ability to analyze and generalize; second, interests in physics and mathematics, based on the idea of the necessity of elements of physical and mathematical knowledge for a modern doctor; third, individual educational trajectories. As a result of this research, a typology of medical students’ orientations to the subject space of the physical and mathematical profile (physiology; diagnostics and physiotherapy; bioinformatics; photobiology and medical biophysics) is proposed, which is associated with the totality of those special courses that most interested them. Various orientations in the physical and mathematical field of students of different faculties (medical, pediatric, dental, pharmaceutical, preventive medicine) have been identified. It is shown that the interest of students of different faculties in special courses of the physics and mathematics cycle generally coincides with their professional interests. The most popular disciplines are the physical foundations of MRI and CT; laser radiation in medicine; the physical foundations of ultrasound methods; biophysics of pathological conditions; biophysics of organs and complex systems. Their choice is connected both with interest in new trends in medical science and with opportunistic considerations. The directions of increasing the interest of medical students in physical and mathematical knowledge are substantiated, which are directly dependent on their needs, motives, abilities, views and attitudes on the process of obtaining the profession of a doctor, as well as the faculty and the age of students.
The Neo-traditionalism of the Manden Charter
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Zavyalova Olga Yu.
Published: September 2022

The Manden Charter, according to tradition, was adopted in 1236 at Kurukan Fuga (Mali), after the victory of Sunjata Keita, legendary Mali ruler, over Sumaoro Kante, general of susu troops. It is a corpus of rules that was created to organize the Mali Empire. In 2009, UNESCO inscribed the Charter on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The Charter, like the Hunters’ Oath (1222), belongs to the oral tradition and was documented only in 1998. Therer are many oral variants of text. So there is controversy about its authenticity. Basing on the results of my previous research, it is safe to say that the Charter conveys the main social norms of Manden society and its social structure, however, it contains also some modern ideas. In Guinea, near Niagassola village, there is a place similar to Kurukan Fuga, where until recently the main Manden families gathered to make important decisions. Informants said that Sundiata himself was there also. The Charter may be even more significant today than it used to be, which is why it has become the center of attention both among the Manden peoples and abroad. Like every oral tradition the Charter makes changes in history, and this alternation of history is inevitable, because history is important not just for the past, but for present and future of the peoples. Today the Charter is an important element in Manden’s self-identification.
The Discourse of “Globalization” in Relation to the History of the Mongol Empire and the Golden Horde
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Seleznev Yurij V.
Published: September 2022

In the first quarter of the 21st century, the verbal model of the Mongolian Empire as a “globalizing power” firmly entered scholarly discourse. Modern processes of globalization are compelling the study of similar manifestations in the past. The systematic method of historical modeling allows you to create a verbal model describing globalization, for example, in the 13th century. Thus, to introduce the concept of “globalization” in relation to the history of the Mongol Empire, the provision on the worldwide nature of the political, economic and ideological structures of the Genghisid state is used. The concept of “Mongolian/Horde globalism” is becoming widespread in the modern discursive field. Thus, during 2006–2020, the concept of “Mongolian globalism” became widespread not only in popular scientific works, but also in scientific articles and monographs. It is quite natural and natural that the largest conquests of the Genghisids in history led to the creation of a powerful state in which unified centralized control was established, including over transcontinental trade routes. The unified management contributed to the security of trade routes and, as a result, to the revival of trade and information exchange. Undoubtedly, the trade aspect, which is most clearly traced in the economy of the Mongol Empire and the Golden Horde, has a unifying and globalizing feature. However, its scientific assessment, as well as the identification of the nature and essence of the “Mongolian phenomenon” requires more in-depth research. The article explores the features of the formulated conceptual model, the accuracy and significance of the concepts involved for all participants of the discursive field. As a result, it is concluded that there is no reliable justification for the signs, forms and patterns of the development of the phenomenon of “Mongolian globalization” at the moment.
Сausal markers in Old Khmer
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitrenko Sergey Yu.
Published: September 2022

This paper considers causal markers in Old Khmer, the language of epigraphic 7th–15th century monuments found in Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Consistently looking at the contexts of two lexemes, hetu and man, it ascertains that hetu (traceable to the Sanskrit noun “cause”) was used in the 10th–11th centuries as a specialized conjunction to introduce causal clauses. Modern Khmer has transformed hetu into the conjunction haet tae. Modern Khmer also widely uses haet in various consequence phrases (as against its merely sporadic occurrences in this meaning in Old Khmer). The conjunction man is another ancient causal marker, probably ascending to Old Javanese. In consistence with modern views on the emergence of causal markers, its causal function may have developed from its earlier temporal uses (“when”). Man is not found in Modern Khmer, having fallen out of use as early as in the Middle Khmer, the language of the 15th–18th century monuments. Our probe into causal constructions with hetu and man could not come up with any examples of Old Khmer constructions with dependent nominal causal phrases, while these are common in Modern Khmer, though evidently — as derivatives of dependent causal clauses. The paper also looks into the potential emergence paths for the modern causal markers prʊəh and daoj(-saː). Our conclusion is that the registered occurrences of the Old Khmer ancestors of these words (roḥ and toy, respectively) provide no definite clue as to their evolution or the exact period when they or their derivatives assumed the causal function. Nevertheless, the existence of their modern Thai (pʰrɔ́ʔ, dûay) and Lao (pʰɔ̄ʔ, dûay ) counterparts suggests that the Old Khmer also used the respective causal markers that were later borrowed by Tai languages.
On Special Verbs of Motion in Turkmen and Their Possible Etymological Connection with the Marker tas in Turkmen
Authors:   University of Cyprus, Sakhatova Gulshen S.
Published: September 2022

Turkmen, when expressing the avertive meaning “an event almost realized”, applies an obligatory marker tas. Turkmen grammars traditionally describe it as a word that gives a negative connotation to the meaning . However, in Turkic linguistics and in Turkmen in particular, the status of tas as a modal word or a grammatical particle has not yet been studied. Moreover, there are no studies in Turcological linguistics, offering classifications of modal words and particles which are shaped on the basis of their meanings as well as grammatical and pragmatic functions. Nevertheless, the marker tas is of interest for the following two reasons. First, the narrow scope of use in Turkmen, i.e. only to express the avertive meaning. Second, the issue of the etymology of the roots tas-/daz-/tis- in Turkic languages is still one of the discussed matters. Moreover, there are various suggestions about their etymology, including the hypothesis of their Mongolian origin. In this context, the following paper aims to discuss a possible lexical origin of the marker tas in Turkmen, focusing on a special group of verbs of motion with the roots tas-/daz-/tis-. These verbs are of interest since they contain information not only about direction of motion but also: a) information about a manner of movement, b) judgment of the manner of movement, and c) information about emotional state, such as fear.