bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel LSSVM-L Hammerstein model structure for system identification and nonlinear model predictive control of CSTR servo and regulatory control
Authors: Naregalkar Akshaykumar , Durairaj Subbulekshmi
Published: July 2021

A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) servo and the regulatory control problem are challenging because of their highly non-linear nature, frequent changes in operating points, and frequent disturbances. System identification is one of the important steps in the CSTR model-based control design. In earlier work, a non-linear system model comprises a linear subsystem followed by static nonlinearities and represented with Laguerre filters followed by the LSSVM (least squares support vector machines). This model structure solves linear dynamics first and then associated nonlinearities. Unlike earlier works, the proposed LSSVM-L (least squares support vector machines and Laguerre filters) Hammerstein model structure solves the nonlinearities associated with the non-linear system first and then linear dynamics. Thus, the proposed Hammerstein’s model structure deals with the nonlinearities before affecting the entire system, decreasing the model complexity and providing a simple model structure. This new Hammerstein model is stable, precise, and simple to implement and provides the CSTR model with a good model fit%. Simulation studies illustrate the benefit and effectiveness of the proposed LSSVM-L Hammerstein model and its efficacy as a non-linear model predictive controller for the servo and regulatory control problem.
Cenozoic paleostress field of tectonic evolution in Qaidam Basin, northern Tibet
Authors: Xu Shiyang , Guo Jianming , Fan Hailong , Liu Xiang
Published: July 2021

This article analyzes the stress fields in the Qaidam Basin since the entire Cenozoic using finite element numerical simulations. The stress fields are investigated by analyzing tectonic joints and the GPS velocity field in the basin. The relationship between the stress field patterns and the tectonic activity of the basin was discussed. Based on previous research on the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, five stages of the tectonic evolution of the Qaidam Basin are modeled. The simulation results show that the stress trajectories in the Oligocence and the Pliocene–Quaternary were similar. In the Oligocence, the stress trajectories in the basin changed significantly and were mainly controlled by the compressional stress on the southern boundary in the initial stage. As the compressional stress on the northern boundary of the basin gradually increased, the compressional stress on the southern and northern boundaries had equal effects in the intermediate stage, and the compressional stress on the northern boundary mainly controlled the stress trajectories in the late stage. During the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, the stress trajectories in the Qaidam Basin experienced an apparent reversal. The stress trajectories of the internal basin rotated clockwise from NE–SW to NW–SE in the Oligocence and which gradually changed to counterclockwise from NW–SE to NE–SW in the Miocene and recovered to clockwise from NE–SW to NW–SE in the Pliocene–Quaternary.
The Polymer Film Casting Process – An Overview
Authors: Demay Y. , Agassant J. F.
Published: July 2021

Cast film extrusion allows producing technical polymer films for packaging and coating applications. Different kinds of defects may be observed. For packaging applications, the challenge is to obtain very thin films in stable conditions at the highest throughput. For coating applications, the challenge is to master the film width reduction (called neck-in) and the induced non-uniform film thickness (called dog-bone defect). Well instrumented experiments point out the influence of the polymer and of the processing conditions on the occurrence of these defects. Numerical models of increasing complexity allow capturing the main experimental features and this makes possible to propose technological solutions to delay or even to suppress defects occurrence.
Composites of Cysteamine Functionalised Graphene Oxide and Polypropylene
Authors: Abbas S. S. , McNally T.
Published: July 2021

Cysteamine functionalised reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was grafted to polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and subsequently melt blended with PP. The covalent bridging of rGO to PP-g-MA via the cysteamine molecule and co-crystallization are routes to promoting interfacial interactions between rGO and the PP matrix. A rheological percolation threshold was achieved for a nanofiller loading between 3 wt% and 5 wt%, but none detected for the composites prepared with un-functionalized rGO. At low loadings (0.1 wt%), functionalized rGO is well dispersed in the PP matrix, an interconnecting filler-filler, polymer-filler and polymer-polymer network is formed, resulting in increased tensile toughness (1 500%) and elongation at break (40%) relative to neat PP. Irrespective of whether the rGO was functionalised or not, it had a significant effect on the crystallization behavior of PP, inducing heterogeneous nucleation, increasing the crystallisation temperature (Tm) of PP by up to 10°C and decreasing the crystalline content (Xc) by ∼30% for the highest (5 wt%) filler loading. The growth of the monoclinic a-phase of PP is preferred on addition of functionalised rGO and b crystal growth suppressed.
Ontological Indifference of Theories and Semantic Primacy of Sentences
Authors: Greimann Dirk
Published: July 2021

In his late philosophy, Quine generalized the structuralist view in the philosophy of mathematics that mathematical theories are indifferent to the ontology we choose for them. According to his ‘global structuralism’, the choice of objects does not matter to any scientific theory. In the literature, this doctrine is mainly understood as an epistemological thesis claiming that the empirical evidence for a theory does not depend on the choice of its objects. The present paper proposes a new interpretation suggested by Quine’s recently published Kant Lectures from 1980 according to which his global structuralism is a semantic thesis that belongs to his theory of ontological reduction. It claims that a theory can always be reformulated in such a way that its truth does not presuppose the existence of the original objects, but only of some objects that can be considered as their proxies. Quine derives this claim from the principle of the semantic primacy of sentences, which is supposed to license the ontological reductions he uses to establish his global structuralism. It is argued that these reductions do not actually work because they do not account for some hidden ontological commitments that are not detected by his criterion of ontological commitment.
Broadband and ultrafast all-optical switching based on transition metal carbide
Authors: Wang Cong , Gao Lingfeng , Chen Hualong , Xu Yiquan , Ma Chunyang , Yao Haizi , Song Yufeng , Zhang Han
Published: July 2021

Ultrafast all-optical switches have attracted considerable attention for breaking through the speed limitation of electric devices. However, ultrafast and high-efficiency all-optical switches based on two-dimensional (2D) materials can be achieved due to their strong nonlinear optical response and ultrafast carrier dynamic. For this reason, we propose the pump-probe method to achieve an ultrafast optical switcher with a response time of 192 fs and a switching energy of 800 nJ by using transition metal carbide (Nb2C). The response time and switching energy are far smaller than that of the all-optical device based on the saturable absorption effect of 2D materials. It is believed that the Nb2C-based all-optical switch provides a novel idea to achieve a high-performance all-optical device and has the potential for application in high-speed photonics processing.
Effect of storage time and temperature on dissolved state of cellulose in TBAH-based solvents and mechanical property of regenerated films
Authors: Li Wei , Tan Ling , Fan Qiandan , Wei Wei , Zhou Zuowan
Published: July 2021

Storage of cellulose solution can be practically ineluctable before it is manufactured into various regenerated products (e.g., fibers, films), especially in the case of industrial production. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of storage time and temperature on the dissolved state of cellulose in the interested TBAH-based solvents (including TBAH/H2O, TBAH/H2O/DMSO, TBAH/H2O/Urea), as well as on the mechanical property of the relevant regenerated products (films were prepared in this work for the evaluation). The dissolved state of cellulose in these solvents along with storage has been analyzed with the polarized light microscope photographs and Stormer viscosity. Focus on the interested TBAH/H2O/DMSO solvent, the effect of storage time and temperature on the solution viscosity, and degree of polymerization of cellulose have been discussed. Critical storage time for different storing temperature has been determined, after where significant cellulose degradation happens. A series of regenerated cellulose films with storage time ranging from 0 to 200 h have been prepared. The optimal storage time and strengthening mechanism for cellulose films regenerated from the solution of cellulose/TBAH/H2O/DMSO have been discussed. This work can provide reference about storage time and temperature of cellulose/TBAH/H2O/DMSO, especially for the production of pilot-scale, etc.
Elections, Civic Trust, and Digital Literacy: The Promise of Blockchain as a Basis for Common Knowledge
Authors: Alfano Mark
Published: July 2021

Few recent developments in information technology have been as hyped as blockchain, the first implementation of which was the cryptocurrency Bitcoin. Such hype furnishes ample reason to be skeptical about the promise of blockchain implementations, but I contend that there’s something to the hype. In particular, I think that certain blockchain implementations, in the right material, social, and political conditions, constitute excellent bases for common knowledge. As a case study, I focus on trust in election outcomes, where the ledger records not financial transactions but vote tallies. I argue that blockchain implementations could foster warranted trust in vote tallies and thereby trust in the democratic process. Finally, I argue that if the promise of blockchain implementations as democratic infrastructure is to be realized, then democracies first need to ensure that these material, social, and political conditions obtain.
The Need for Speed – Technological Acceleration and Inevitabilism in Recent Danish Digitalization Policy Papers
Authors: Vestergaard Mads
Published: July 2021

The article explores whether sociotechnical imaginaries of digitalization as inevitable accelerating development can be traced in Denmark’s official policy papers concerning digitalization 2015–2020. It identifies imperatives of speed, acceleration and agility equal to what has been described as a corporate data imaginary as well as tropes of an imaginary of the fourth industrial revolution and inevitable exponential technological development and disruption. The empirical analysis discovers a shift in the studied period mid-2018, before which inevitabilism is prominent and after which the focus on non-economic values increases and the aim of influencing the development, instead of adapting to it, emerges. The article then addresses how imperatives of acceleration and narratives of inevitabilism may be considered problematic from a democratic point of view employing Hartmut Rosa’s critical diagnosis of the acceleration society and the notion of discursive closure. Finally, it discusses the empirical findings in light of technological determinism and constructivism inherent in the notion of sociotechnical imaginaries and introduces a sociotechnical selectionist theory allowing both for human agency in technological development while also providing a mechanism for explaining the emergence of law-like technological trends, as Moore’s Law, at macro level.
Material-removing machining wastes as a filler of a polymer concrete (industrial chips as a filler of a polymer concrete)
Authors: Kępczak Norbert , Rosik Radosław , Urbaniak Mariusz
Published: July 2021

The paper presents an impact of the addition of industrial machining chips on the mechanical properties of polymer concrete. As an additional filler, six types of industrial waste machining chips were used: steel fine chips, steel medium chips, steel thick chips, aluminium fine chips, aluminium medium chips, and titanium fine chips. During the research, the influence of the addition of chips on the basic parameters of mechanical properties, i.e., tensile strength, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and Young’s modulus, was analyzed. On the basis of the obtained results, conclusions were drawn that the addition of chips from machining causes a decrease in the value of the mechanical properties parameters of the polymer concrete even by 30%. The mechanism of cracking of samples, which were subjected to durability tests, was also explored. In addition, it was found that some chip waste can be used as a substitute for natural fillers during preparation of a mineral cast composition without losing much of the strength parameters.
Heuristic Synchronization of Real-Time Response Data
Authors: Weishaupt Samuel , Feiten Linus , Becker Bernd , Wagschal Uwe , Waldvogel Thomas , Metz Thomas
Published: July 2021

When real-time response data from viewers of a televised debate is collected via the internet, the server timestamps of the received responses may not match the correct times of the debate. This paper addresses the question of how the data could be aligned in retrospect, using an algorithm that approximates the playout delay difference between each viewer’s TV signal. The validity is shown by successfully approximating distinctive delays for viewers with satellite or cable TV.
An areal and typological appraisal of gender in Ju
Authors: Pratchett Lee J.
Published: July 2021

This paper provides an exhaustive description of the gender system in the Tsumkwe Juǀ’hoan variety of Ju (Kx’a), a gender system that is largely insensitive to number and natural sex distinctions. The paper also highlights some important points of divergence in a closely related variety due to contact interference while nevertheless maintaining culturally salient aspects of the gender system.
The gender system of Longuda
Authors: Elstermann Julius-Maximilian , Fiedler Ines , Güldemann Tom
Published: July 2021

This article describes the gender system of Longuda. Longuda class marking is alliterative and does not distinguish between nominal form and agreement marking. While it thus appears to be a prototypical example of a traditional Niger-Congo “noun-class” system, this identity of gender encoding makes it look morpho-syntactic rather than lexical. This points to a formerly independent status of the exponents of nominal classification, which is similar to a classifier system and thus less canonical. Both types of class marking hosts involve two formally and functionally differing allomorphs, which inform the historical reconstruction of Longuda noun classification in various ways.
Wahrgenommene Reputation der Genossenschaftsbanken und nachhaltige Zufriedenheit ihrer Mitglieder-Kunden in Deutschland
Authors: Damberg Svenja
Published: July 2021

In dieser Studie wird ein Reputations- und Kundenzufriedenheitsmodell für Genossenschaftsbanken entwickelt und getestet, um Implikationen für die genossenschaftliche Theorie und Praxis abzuleiten. Unter Anwendung einer multivariaten Analysemethode, d.h. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), wird ein Strukturgleichungsmodell zur Messung der Determinanten der Reputation und des Einflusses dieser auf die nachhaltige Kundenzufriedenheit von Genossenschaftsbankkunden etabliert. Die empirischen Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von 675 deutschen Genossenschaftsbankkunden zeigen, dass die wahrgenommene Qualität und Attraktivität die wichtigsten Determinanten der Reputation sind, welche sich wiederum positiv auf die nachhaltige Zufriedenheit auswirkt.
Language Tasks and the Network Control Role of the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus
Authors: Medaglia John D. , Harvey Denise Y. , Kelkar Apoorva S. , Zimmerman Jared P. , Mass Joely A. , Bassett Danielle S. , Hamilton Roy H.
Published: July 2021

Recent work has combined cognitive neuroscience and control theory to make predictions about cognitive control functions. Here, we test a link between whole-brain theories of semantics and the role of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in controlled language performance using network control theory (NCT), a branch of systems engineering. Specifically, we examined whether two properties of node controllability, boundary and modal controllability, were linked to semantic selection and retrieval on sentence completion and verb generation tasks. We tested whether the controllability of the left IFG moderated language selection and retrieval costs and the effects of continuous θ burst stimulation (cTBS), an inhibitory form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on behavior in 41 human subjects (25 active, 16 sham). We predicted that boundary controllability, a measure of the theoretical ability of a node to integrate and segregate brain networks, would be linked to word selection in the contextually-rich sentence completion task. In contrast, we expected that modal controllability, a measure of the theoretical ability of a node to drive the brain into specifically hard-to-reach states, would be linked to retrieval on the low-context verb generation task. Boundary controllability was linked to selection and to the ability of TMS to reduce response latencies on the sentence completion task. In contrast, modal controllability was not linked to performance on the tasks or TMS effects. Overall, our results suggest a link between the network integrating role of the LIFG and selection and the overall semantic demands of sentence completion.
Unilateral hydrocephalus from a gangliocytoma-somatotrophinoma: first reported case
Authors: Ryder Simon , Robusto Jed , Robertson Thomas , Alexander Hamish , Duncan Emma L
Published: July 2021

Although pituitary macroadenomas often cause mass effects on surrounding structures, it is extremely rare for pituitary lesions to disturb cerebrospinal fluid circulation. Sellar gangliocytoma-pituitary adenomas (SGPAs) are also extremely rare. Here we report the unique case of a man with the unusual combination of acromegaly from an SGPA, who presented with unilateral hydrocephalus. A 60-year-old man presented with rapid neurological deterioration, bitemporal hemianopia, and acromegalic features. Neuroimaging revealed a large sellar lesion extending superiorly into the left foramen of Monro, causing acute obstructive unilateral hydrocephalus. External ventricular drain placement improved consciousness immediately. Biochemical assessment confirmed acromegaly. Following trans-sphenoidal debulking, histology revealed a mixed gangliocytoma/sparsely-granulated somatotrophinoma. Despite the residual disease, his vision recovered remarkably, low-dose cabergoline controlled residual excess growth hormone (GH) secretion, and the residual tumour has remained extremely stable over 2 years. Hydrocephalus is an extremely rare complication of pituitary lesions, and unilateral hydrocephalus has never been reported previously. GH secretion in SGPAs is more common than for pituitary adenomas in general, raising questions regarding the aetiology and therapeutic approach to this rare combination tumour.

Learning points

Pituitary tumours most commonly present with symptoms related to endocrine disturbance or mass effects upon visual pathways (e.g. optic chiasm, nerves in the lateral cavernous sinus). However, extremely rarely, pituitary masses may disrupt cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation resulting in hydrocephalus.

Sellar gangliocytomas are very rare tumours and most of them are hybrid tumours with pituitary adenomas (SGPAs).

SGPAs are typically indolent and may be functioning or non-functioning tumours.

Growth hormone (GH)-producing SGPAs are less likely to respond to somatostatin agonists than classic somatotrophinomas.

Primary surgical debulking via a trans-sphenoidal approach was effective in this individual, leading to the restoration of CSF circulation and improvement in visual disturbance, while also negating the need for permanent CSF diversion despite the residual tumour burden.
Iranian EFL Learners’ Attitudes toward Correction of Oral Errors
Authors: Azar Ali Sorayaie , Molavi Somaiyeh
Published: July 2021

The correction of learner's oral errors in classroom has always been the main concern of many researchers and educators. Based on the ideas of learner-centered approach toward language teaching process, it needs to consider learners' reactions and feelings toward error correction as we do in other aspects of learning. This study discusses the findings of a questionnaire administered to 13 EFL learners at the university level in Iran. The study tries to answer to the questions about 1) EFL learners’ attitude toward error correction, 2) their preferences about the correction of different types of errors, and 3) their preferences about different methods of correction. The results showed that EFL learners have strongly positive attitudes toward correction of all errors by their teacher and they prefer correction of phonology and grammar errors more than others and they would rather self-correction among methods.
Do Student Beliefs Differ by Ethnicity? Exploring self-perceptions
Authors: Rubie-Davies Christine M. , Peterson Elizabeth , Garrett Lynda , Watson Penelope , Flint Annaline , O’Neill Heather , Mc Donald Lyn Mc Donald
Published: July 2021

Studies that have investigated student beliefs by ethnicity have shown differing perceptions for some ethnic groups on constructs such as self-regulated learning, attribution and perceptions of class climate. Moreover, the findings have differed from one cultural context to another. However, the exploration of student beliefs about several psycho-social variables by ethnicity does not appear to have been undertaken. Hence, the current study examined student self-concept, motivation, perceptions of class climate and self-expectations of four different ethnic groups: European, Maori, Pasifika and Asian students within the New Zealand context. Group differences were found for some variables. Educational implications and directions for future research are presented and discussed.
Mediation competences in Adult Education and Training in Portugal and France
Authors: Aguiar Márcia , Silva Ana Maria
Published: July 2021

Educational Mediation is an emergent field, namely, regarding to the contexts of Adult Education and Training. As the result of the new educational models developed in the field of Adult Education and Training (AET), in Portugal and in France, during the last decade, new professional profiles have emerged: the Mediators of the Courses of Education and Training of Adults (EFA Courses), the Specialists of Diagnosis and Referral (SDR), the RVC Professionals (PRVC) and the Specialists of Validation des Acquis de l’Expérience (VAE). One of the dimensions under discussion in this area refers to the competences that these Professionals must have to succeed in the pursuit of their work and they really have had to develop a set of specific skills to deal with the challenges ahead of them in a daily basis. Indeed, the concept of competence in Educational Mediation has been much substantiated, studied and discussed and in this article we will present some of the results of a predominantly qualitative multi- case study carried out in Portugal and France and discuss the data related to those skills and the role of the figures of Mediation in these challenging processes.
Development of A Self – Regulation Package For Academic Procrastination and Evaluation of Its Effectiveness
Authors: Motie Hoora , Heidari Mahmood , Sadeghi Mansooreh Alsadat
Published: July 2021

Background: Procrastination is a common phenomenon that is mainly observed in school settings. Recognized as a self-regulatory failure, procrastination is believed to adversely affect students’ academic achievements. Aim: To develop a self-regulation package in order to predict academic procrastination, and to evaluate its effectiveness. The package was developed from 3 sources: Self-regulation components predicting academic procrastination developed in a previous study, opinions of psychologists and teachers contacted during the study, and the literature. The package helped students in the following ways: to recognize the reasons for their academic procrastination; to improve their motivation to decrease academic procrastination; to learn how to set goals and how. to organize their lessons; to use metacognitive strategies to manage time/ study environment and to regulate their efforts. Methods: Sixty-six students were randomly assigned to experimental (n=33) and control (n=33) groups. The students in the experimental group were taught the self-regulation package over ten sessions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the package, all students were asked to complete the Motivated Strategies For Learning questionnaire (MSLQ) and the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Student (PASS) before, immediately after and 21 days after instructions with the self-regulation package. Results: The mixed ANOVA showed statistically significant (p <0.001) effectiveness of self-regulation package for all subscales of academic procrastination in the experimental group. Discussion: The findings are discussed with regard to prior research on self-regulated learning and procrastination. Implications for school psychologists and teachers also are presented and discussed.
Дослідження механізмів і рушійних сил самоорганізації матриць природних твердих вуглеводнів
Authors: Булат А.Ф. , Богданов В.Л. , Трачевський В.В. , Бурчак О.В. , Сєріков Ю.А.
Published: July 2021

З метою візуалізації шляхів структурно-функціональної еволюції та виявлення рушійних сил і механізмів трансформації метастабільних матриць природних вуглеводнів із залученням структурно-чутливих методів діагностики самоорганізації конденсованих середовищ вперше запропонована активно  діюча  модель — віртуальний нанореактор, що відображає динаміку ієрархічної атомно-молекулярної архітектури композиції та дає змогу сформулювати і свідомо реалізувати алгоритм інформаційно ємного експерименту щодо вивчення особливостей перебігу механохімічних та магнітнокерованих впливів, а також з’ясування стану системи, який виник внаслідок дії чинників різної природи. Узагальнення масиву накопичених даних відкриває перспективи опанування методологією спрямовано ініційованих процесів за раніше невідомими напрямами — створенням вуглецевмісних матеріалів з наперед заданими властивостями.
Вплив проміжних прошарків на взаємну дифузію за умов мартенситних перетворень
Authors: Коваль Ю.М. , Мазанко В.Ф. , Герцрікен Д.С. , Богданов Є.І. , Міронов В.М. , Богданов С.Є.
Published: July 2021

Методами, які базуються на застосуванні радіоактивних індикаторів, рентгеноструктурного і мікродюрометричного аналізів досліджено фазовий склад дифузійної зони, що утворюється при низькотемпературному імпульсному впливі. Деформування здійснювали шляхом використання значного об’ємного ефекту при атермічних мартенситних α → γ (при охолодженні в рідкому азоті) та γ→ α (при нагріванні до 923 К) перетвореннях у сплаві Fe-30 %Ni. Після різних умов попередньої обробки сплав заліза з 30 % нікелю існував при кімнатній температурі у вигляді гомогенного твердого розчину у двох модифікаціях: з ОЦК ґратами (α-фаза) та з ГЦК ґратами (γ-фаза). Зі сплаву у ГЦК-фазі робили кубічні зразки, а з ОЦК — П-подібні. Кубічні зразки з нанесеними шарами мічених атомів поміщали в П-подібні таким чином, щоб був забезпечений контакт між шарами ізотопу і металевими прошарками, що примикають з іншого боку до залізних фольг, які, в свою чергу, контактують з паралельними внутрішніми поверхнями (ніжки літери П). З’єднані таким чином за ковзною посадкою зразки занурювали у рідкий азот (перетворення відбувається в кубічному зразку) або поміщали у піч, нагріту до 923 К (перетворення у П-подібному). В обох випадках об’ємний ефект при перетвореннях зумовлює імпульсне деформування контактуючих поверхонь. Дана схема навантаження до- зволяє отримувати зразки, що зазнають як дію імпульсної деформації, так і спільну дію γ ⇄ a перетворень і створюваної ними пластичної деформації. Контрольні зразки зазнавали γ→ α та α → γ перетворення за тих самих умов, але без прошарків, а також відчували перетворення без оправлення, тобто без додаткової імпульсної деформації. Показано вплив проміжних прошарків на швидкість масоперенесення і особливості фазоутворення за умов мартенситних перетворень з вибуховою кінетикою. Встановлено взаємозв’язок між видом проникаючих атомів і утвореними фазами в нерівноважних умовах.
Вплив концентрації ванадію(V) на будову скла K2O—P2O5—WO3—V2O5
Authors: Теребіленко К.В. , Зозуля B.О. , Чорній В.П. , Неділько С.Г. , Слободяник М.С.
Published: July 2021

Встановлено, що характер структуроутворення скла для системи K2O—P2O5—WO3—V2O5 визначається співвідношенням K/V і вмістом оксидів WO3 та V2O5. Синтез скла реалізовано за двостадійною схемою, що включає гомогенізацію при 1000 оС та відпал при 300 оС. За даними ІЧ-спектроскопії досліджених зразків встановлено наявність фосфатних, ванадатних та вольфраматних тетраедрів як каркасотвірних фрагментів. Також показано зростання вмісту WO66– в отриманому склі з підвищенням концентрації WO3 у вихідній шихті. В межах концентрації V2O5 від 2,8 до 32,5 % утворюються прозорі рентгенаморфні стекла від жовтого до світло-коричневого кольору.
Екотони і охорона флористичного різноманіття
Authors: Мельник В.І.
Published: July 2021

Вивчення екотонів як унікальних осередків флористичного різноманіття є актуальним завданням екологічних досліджень. На основі детального аналізу умов місцезростань двох рідкісних і зникаючих видів, реліктів та ендеміків флори Європи Daphne sophia Kalen (Thymeleaceae) та Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb. (Oleaceae), встановлена їх приуроченість до екотонів. Визначені закономірності формування, організації та розвитку екотонів як унікальних місцезростань рідкісних і зникаючих видів. Приуроченість ряду рідкісних видів до екотонів обумовлює лінійну або стрічкову просторову структуру їх популяцій. Антропогенний пресинг на екотони призводить до трансформації лінійних популяцій у локальні ізольовані популяції. Щоб упередити зникнення рідкісних видів, ценотично пов’язаних з екотонами, їх популяції необхідно взяти під охорону, передбачивши природоохоронний менеджмент і моніторинг за станом популяцій.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ESTIMATING THE USE OF TAX BENEFITS AND THE PRACTICE OF THEIR APPLICATION
Authors:   State Educational and Scientific Institution ", Sokolovska Alla ,   Academy of Financial Management"
Published: July 2021

Tax benefits, considering their consequences for the economy and the budget system, are the most controversial element of any tax. Therefore, policy decisions on the introduction of new, continued use or abolition of existing tax benefits should be based on reliable information about their expected or actual effectiveness and efficiency. The purpose of this article is to define methodological approaches to assessing the use of tax benefits as a prerequisite for improving the soundness of tax policy and effectiveness of public administration of the financial system. The article, based on the analysis of Western literature sources, considers methodological approaches to assessing the use of tax benefits in the context of their effectiveness (achievement of goals and fulfillment of the conditions for granting, impact on the behavior of economic agents and results of their activity), efficiency (comparison of benefits and costs) and relative efficiency (comparison of the effectiveness of tax benefits and other policy instruments), as well as evaluation methods and tools. The practical application of these methodological approaches is considered on the example of investment and innovation incentives for corporate income tax and VAT incentives (reduced tax rate on labor-intensive services). The author notes that the assessment of consequences of the introduction of tax benefits can be provided using methods of comparative analysis of the behavior of the beneficiary company before and after the introduction of the tax incentive; survey of the company's managers on how the tax benefit affected certain aspects of their behavior (investment decisions, implementation of R&D, employment and remuneration policies, etc.); and econometric analysis. According to the results of the study, it was is concluded that ultimately the choice of an the approach to assessing the application of tax benefits, as well as methods and tools of analysis is determined by the available information base in open sources and access to non-public information. In addition, the reliability of the results of evaluation of the application of tax benefits substantially depends on compliance with the requirements and procedures during their implementation, in particular, the definition of objectives and, if necessary, the conditions of their granting, as well as the quality and the completeness of accounting of the provided benefits. The latter, as well as the availability of the necessary information and its disclosure is one of the main problems in assessing the application of tax benefits in countries with transition economy.
SHORT-TERM DEBT OF THE CORPORATE SECTOR AND ITS IMPACT ON THE STABILITY OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM OF UKRAINE
Authors:   State Institution ", Zymovets Vladyslav ,   Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine", Yershova Galina ,   State Institution "Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine"
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the economic essence of accounts payable. It is determined that in the process of deformations in the structure of business capital, it acquires the characteristics of a surrogate source of business financing, which in turn creates risks for the stability of Ukraine’s financial system. The authors describe the main trends in the dynamics and structure of accounts payable and define its impact on the growth of debt burden of non-financial corporations in Ukraine at the aggregate level. A comparison of the volume and growth rates of accounts payable in Ukraine and the EU countries is made, which allows to confirm the hypothesis of the introduction of a distorted model of business financing in Ukraine’s corporate sector. The authors point out that one of the reasons for the abnormally high debt dependence in the NFC sector at the aggregate level is the replacement of equity with other current liabilities (including financial loans from associated physical and legal entities), which allowed to establish such a flexible capital structure, which can help rapidly withdraw assets abroad in the event of macro-financial destabilization or other threats of capital loss related to the insecurity of property rights and the prevalence of fiscal voluntarism in Ukraine. The authors conclude that with the overload of balance sheets with short-term debts against the background of a significant reduction in equity leads to a rapid loss of financial stability. At the same time, under the influence of restrictions on activities and other concomitant barriers to doing business due to the global coronavirus pandemic, the financial depletion of the non-financial corporations sector could lead to a wave of corporate bankruptcies. It is concluded that under the influence of narrowing business access to capital in the financial market there is a rapid increase in lending to domestic business by nonresidents, which gives grounds to conclude that in this way domestic business lends itself, using funds previously withdrawn abroad. Further development of these trends not only can be a catalyst for financial imbalances at the level of individual enterprises, but can also provoke a crisis in the foreign exchange market. The authors substantiate that one of the ways to reduce the volume of current debt obligations is to assist the government in transforming the companies’ short-term liabilities into long-term ones. This can be done by converting the companies’ current liabilities into long-term bonds on a voluntary basis using simplified procedures for registration of their issue, and by registering current liabilities to suppliers (for goods and services) as long-term promissory notes.
De Lula a Bolsonaro: una década de degradación de la gobernanza climática en Brasil
Authors: Franchini Matías , Mauad Ana Carolina Evangelista , Viola Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Brasil ha sido históricamente un actor relevante en la gobernanza global del cambio climático. A finales de los años 2000s, bajo la Presidencia de Lula, el país parecía convertirse además en un líder global, dando muestras de compromiso climático en varios niveles de análisis, con emisiones decreciendo y actores nacionales, subnacionales, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y del mercado comprometidos con la mitigación. A 10 años de aquella euforia, el contraste no podría ser mayor. El gobierno federal está comandado por uno de los pocos líderes negadores del cambio climático a nivel global, Jair Bolsonaro, que ha coronado un proceso de retracción conservadora en todos los niveles iniciada en 2011. Este artículo analiza la trayectoria del compromiso climático brasileño entre 2009 y 2020, desde una perspectiva de gobernanza multinivel y usando como marco analítico el enfoque del compromiso climático.
Regresar a lo fundamental
Authors: Giraldo Jaramillo Francisco
Published: July 2021

García Villegas, Mauricio. (2019). Virtudes cercanas. Angosta.
Cimientos, realidades y retos de la internacionalización colombiana. La Constitución de 1991 y sus 30 años de historia
Authors: Penagos Forero María Fernanda , Niño Amézquita José Luis
Published: July 2021

La internacionalización territorial es una práctica que no habría sido posible implementar en Colombia con el marco constitucional existente hasta 1991; sin embargo, la implementación de iniciativas constitucionales para favorecer las entidades territoriales hacia dentro y facilitar los vínculos en el plano internacional ha dado libertad y fortalecido la interacción de los actores locales con pares a escala inter- nacional que cuentan con intereses comunes. No obstante, ese punto de partida y el desarrollo que han tenido dichas prácticas a lo largo de las últimas tres décadas abren nuevos retos para que las entidades subnacionales, en conjunto con las entidades del orden nacional, logren aprovechar al máximo las ca- pacidades de cada uno de los territorios colombianos y las infinitas posibilidades que existen dentro del orden internacional para su desarrollo.
El día después y los liderazgos reparadores: la necesidad de un nuevo liderazgo político para la pospandemia
Authors: Gómez Albarello Juan Gabriel
Published: July 2021

La crisis económica desatada por la pandemia del covid-19 puede dar lugar a fenómenos de regresión colectiva que, a su turno, pueden ser aprovechados por líderes que promuevan la ruptura de las reglas de juego y la concentración de poder. No obstante, la misma crisis puede ser una oportunidad para la emergencia de un nuevo tipo de liderazgo que logre canalizar creativa y constructivamente las tensio- nes causadas por la pérdida y la humillación experimentadas por muchos individuos. El psicoanalista Vamik Volkan denomina este tipo de liderazgo reparativo. Sin embargo, la metáfora que usa para darle contenido a este concepto revela que permanece anclado en la misma dinámica regresiva que procura superar. Por tal razón, propongo un nuevo concepto de liderazgo sin líderes que, basado en el carácter colectivo, la rotación y el sorteo, permitiría recuperar la concepción de la política como servicio público.
La glotal y la glotalización en las lenguas mataguayas
Authors: Gutiérrez Analía , Nercesian Veronica
Published: July 2021

En el marco de los debates abiertos sobre la distribución de la oclusiva glotal, su estatus fonológico y realización en superficie, así como la glotalización en lenguas amerindias, este trabajo hace foco en la familia mataguaya hablada en el Gran Chaco, Sudamérica. Desde una perspectiva filogenética, se defiende la hipótesis de una serie eyectiva en el protomataguayo, y se postulan argumentos para la reconstrucción de /*ʔ/ como protofonema, entre los cuales se encuentra el desarrollo de las sonorantes glotalizadas (consonantes y vocales). Se especula que la emergencia de las consonantes y vocales glotalizadas se dio internamente en las lenguas y, presumiblemente, en periodos distintos en cada caso. En línea con algunas propuestas teóricas, y en función del carácter del comportamiento de la oclusiva glotal y de los fenómenos de glotalización en esta familia, asumimos que el análisis de la oclusiva glotal como un segmento es adecuado para las lenguas mataguayas.
Estudio de espacialidad del español rural de Santander (Colombia): contextualización teórica y conceptual
Authors: Rincon Luz Mary
Published: July 2021

Por décadas, las relaciones espaciotemporales fueron esenciales en propuestas teóricas que sustentaban la variación lingüística histórica, desplazando el espacio euclidiano, el social y el perceptible. La nueva geografía humana, al validar la incorporación de la dimensión espacial en el estudio de la lengua, dio paso a la geolingüística, una corriente interdisciplinaria caracterizada por el eclecticismo científico y el énfasis en procesos y estructuras espaciales de la lengua. Este trabajo examina el referente teórico y conceptual de un estudio en curso sobre espacialidad del español de Santander (Colombia), en concordancia con los cometidos teóricos de la geolingüística. Los planteamientos teóricos y conceptuales que son el enfoque de la presente discusión incluyen aspectos relacionados con los conceptos de espacio y espacialidad: el espacio euclidiano, el social y el perceptible, y aspectos relacionados con la difusión de fenómenos lingüísticos: centros de articulación y difusión, redes, naturaleza y estructura de la dispersión.
Personal Characteristics of Students, Inclined to Internet-addicted Behaviour
Authors: Ionova Maria S. , Pyataeva Evgeniia V.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of personality traits of students with different levels of Internet addiction. In connection with the rapid ubiquitous spread of the Internet, the problem of dependence on the global network is becoming more and more urgent. However, we have to state that there is a contradiction between the need to prevent Internet addiction among young people and insufficient knowledge of the personal characteristics of students who are prone to Internet addictive behaviour. Materials and Methods. The research used the following methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature, testing (test for Internet addiction (K. Young (adapted by V. A. Loskutova)), test “Self-assessment” (L. D. Stolyarenko), personality questionnaire “Suggestibility” (S. V. Klauchek and V. V. Delariu), personality questionnaire EPI (Eysenck Personality Inventory) (G. Eysenck), methodology for diagnosing failure avoidance motivation (T. Ehlers)). For statistical analysis of empirical data, the Student’s test was used for independent samples. Results. The study found that among the respondents there are no people with a pronounced Internet addiction. Identified potential Internet addicts – students overly keen on the Internet. They tend to have low self-esteem scores and are more susceptible to suggestion than regular web users. Most students who are prone to Internet-addicted behaviour have a high and too high level of motivation for avoiding failure, while the majority of ordinary users are characterized by a high level. There are no significant differences between the groups of respondents on the introversion and extraversion scale. Statistical analysis of the data obtained confirmed the presence of significant differences between students who are potential addicts and students who are ordinary Internet users in terms of self-esteem and suggestibility. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the results of the study allows us to conclude that students who are overly keen on the Internet differ from their peers – ordinary Internet users by their tendency to a low assessment of their own qualities and a higher suggestibility. They also have a higher level of failure avoidance motivation. The data obtained by us can be used in the development of programs for the prevention of Internet addiction among students.
Economic Historian and Local Historian Alexey Vasilyevich Kleyankin
Authors: Abramova Tatiana A.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. 2021 marks the 110th anniversary of the birth of one of the outstanding scientists of the Mordovia State University, doctor of historical sciences, professor A.V. Kleyankin. The purpose of the study is to evaluate his scientific contribution to the development of historical science and local lore of the Republic of Mordovia and the Volga region. Research Methods. The research is based on the biographical method. The use of general scientific methods made it possible to present the problem under study as a process within the framework of a concrete historical situation, the tasks to be solved, and to analyze the essence and content of A. V. Kleyankin’s scientific and pedagogical activities. The article introduces the materials of the archives of Ogarev Mordovia State University and the Central State University of the Republic of Mordovia, and uses the documents of electronic resources. Results and Discussion. The article is dedicated to the memory of Professor Alexey Vasilyevich Kleyankin of Ogarev Mordovia State University. The study provides biographical information about the scientist, presents the scientific and educational activities of the scientist-historian, focuses on the main scientific works. Conclusion. The contribution of A.V. Kleyankin to the history of the region is significant and not forgotten. A. V. Kleyankin devoted his entire life to science. From 1971 until the last days of his life, he worked at the Mordovia State University, was listed in the Book of Honor of the Mordovia State University, was awarded a Certificate of Honor by the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the RSFSR, and became an Honored Scientist of the Mordovian ASSR. His role as a researcher and representative of the school of economic history is important. A.V. Kleyankin is the author of dozens of works on the economic history of the Amur region, the Volga – Oka interfluve, and the Volga region.
The Vector of Equal Costs as a Method of Studying the Process of Industrialization (according to labor productivity data in the iron and steel industry of the Urals of the late XIX – early XX centuries)
Authors: Shumkin Georgy N.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. An attempt is made to analyze the dynamics of labor productivity in the iron-making industry of the Urals using the equal cost vector during the replacement of welding iron production technologies with cast steel production technologies in open-hearth and Bessemer furnaces, as well as to determine the heuristic potential of this method. Materials and Methods. The study uses a vector of equal costs. This vector connects the points on the graph that reflect the number of two products released per unit of resource for a certain period of time. The source of the study was the “Collections of statistical data of the mining industry of Russia”. Results. The vectors of equal costs for the production of iron and steel per worker of the iron- making industries of the Urals in 1893–1911 are constructed. The periods in the development of iron-making production are highlighted. Discussion and Conclusion. The method of equal cost vectors revealed the following: 1) rational use of labor in private factories and irrational in state-owned ones; 2) significant influence of the Nadezhdinsky Plant on the structure of iron-making industries; 3) a more precise chronological framework for the replacement of welding iron production technologies by open-hearth and seedless production, the influence of market conditions on this process; 4) the replacement of old technologies with new ones did not cause an increas