bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoencoder-based phenotyping of ophthalmic images highlights genetic loci influencing retinal morphology and provides informative biomarkers
Authors: Sergouniotis Panagiotis I , Diakite Adam , Gaurav Kumar ,   UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium, Allen Naomi , Aslam Tariq , Atan Denize , Barman Sarah , Barrett Jenny , Bishop Paul , Black Graeme , Braithwaite Tasanee , Carare Roxana , Chakravarthy Usha , Chan Michelle , Chua Sharon , Day Alexander , Desai Parul , Dhillon Bal , Dick Andrew , Doney Alexander , Egan Cathy , Ennis Sarah , Foster Paul , Fruttiger Marcus , Gallacher John , Garway-Heath David , Gibson Jane , Guggenheim Jeremy , Hammond Chris , Hardcastle Alison , Harding Simon , Hogg Ruth , Hysi Pirro , Keane Pearse , Khaw Peng Tee , Khawaja Anthony , Lascaratos Gerassimos , Littlejohns Thomas , Lotery Andrew , Luben Robert , Luthert Phil , Macgillivray Tom , Mackie Sarah , Madhusudhan Savita , Mcguinness Bernadette , Mckay Gareth , Mckibbin Martin , Moore Tony , Morgan James , O’Sullivan Eoin , Oram Richard , Owen Chris , Patel Praveen , Paterson Euan , Peto Tunde , Petzold Axel , Pontikos Nikolas , Rahi Jugnoo , Rudnicka Alicja , Sattar Naveed , Self Jay , Sergouniotis Panagiotis , Sivaprasad Sobha , Steel David , Stratton Irene , Strouthidis Nicholas , Sudlow Cathie , Sun Zihan , Tapp Robyn , Thomas Dhanes , Trucco Emanuele , Tufail Adnan , Viswanathan Ananth , Vitart Veronique , Weedon Mike , Williams Cathy , Williams Katie , Woodside Jayne , Yates Max , Yip Jennifer , Zheng Yalin , Birney Ewan , Fitzgerald Tomas
Published: December 2024

Motivation

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been remarkably successful in identifying associations between genetic variants and imaging-derived phenotypes. To date, the main focus of these analyses has been on established, clinically-used imaging features. We sought to investigate if deep learning approaches can detect more nuanced patterns of image variability.

Results

We used an autoencoder to represent retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images from 31 135 UK Biobank participants. For each subject, we obtained a 64-dimensional vector representing features of retinal structure. GWAS of these autoencoder-derived imaging parameters identified 118 statistically significant loci; 41 of these associations were also significant in a replication study. These loci encompassed variants previously linked with retinal thickness measurements, ophthalmic disorders, and/or neurodegenerative conditions. Notably, the generated retinal phenotypes were found to contribute to predictive models for glaucoma and cardiovascular disorders. Overall, we demonstrate that self-supervised phenotyping of OCT images enhances the discoverability of genetic factors influencing retinal morphology and provides epidemiologically informative biomarkers.

Availability and implementation

Code and data links available at https://github.com/tf2/autoencoder-oct.
Global study of 17,009 women reveal significant skin condition changes associated with irregular menstrual cycles
Authors: Zouboulis Christos C , Deloche Claire , Skayem Charbel , Leclerc-Mercier Stéphanie , Martel Philippe , Sant’Anna Beatriz , Taieb Charles , Passeron Thierry
Published: December 2024

This international study assesses the impact of menstrual irregularity on skin disorders in women aged between 18 and 55 across 20 countries. It reveals that menstrual irregularities are significantly associated with an increase in the prevalence of acne, rosacea, seborrhoeic dermatitis and melasma. The results underline the importance of an integrated, personalised approach to dermatology for women with irregular menstrual cycles.
Preserved motion perception and the density of cortical projections to V5 in homonymous hemianopia
Authors: Sungkarat Witaya , Chaeyklinthes Thana , Thadanipon Kunlawat , Plant Gordon T , Jindahra Panitha
Published: December 2024

Following a unilateral post-chiasmal lesion of the geniculo-striate pathway, patients develop homonymous visual field defects. Using classical perimetry, patients with ‘complete’ homonymous hemianopia are unaware of stimuli in the affected hemifield. However, some show preserved vision in the affected hemifield in which the conscious perception of moving stimuli is preserved (Riddoch phenomenon). Prior evidence suggests that preservation of a direct pathway from the lateral geniculate nucleus to visual area 5 (bypassing the primary visual cortex) may be the basis of this type of residual vision. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of a correlation between preserved motion perception in hemianopia and the fibre connectivity density of the underlying pathways. This research was a case-control study carried out in a tertiary care centre between 2019 and 2021. Participants (n = 48) were divided into two groups: patients with homonymous visual field defects (n = 20) and normal controls (n = 28). All participants underwent Humphrey field analysis (outcome = visual field index); kinetic perimetry (outcome = %correct); brain MRI; and diffusion tensor imaging probabilistic tractography (outcome = fibre connectivity density). The difference between %correct in kinetic perimetry and visual field index in Humphrey field analysis provided an indication of the level of preserved motion perception. A significant positive correlation was found between the fibre connectivity density of contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus-contralateral visual area 5 and the preserved motion perception (rho = 0.5965, P < 0.0012) and between the fibre connectivity density of contralateral visual area 5-contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus and the preserved motion perception (rho = 0.5635, P < 0.0012) after adjusting with the Bonferroni method. The area under the curve was 0.7947 for the preserved motion perception in reflecting the fibre connectivity density of contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus-contralateral visual area 5, and 0.7660 for the preserved motion perception in reflecting the fibre connectivity density of contralateral visual area 5-contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus. We have demonstrated an extensive network of pathways connecting visual areas in the two hemispheres via the splenium of the corpus callosum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a correlation between the preserved motion perception and the fibre connectivity density of the pathways underlying the Riddoch Phenomenon (specifically bilateral lateral geniculate nuclei to visual area 5 contralateral to the lesion). The difference between %correct in kinetic perimetry and visual field index measures the preserved motion perception and is related to the underlying neural damage. The methodology has the potential to evaluate and monitor patients with hemianopia.
General dermatology and dermatology in primary care
Authors: Liu Wei , Zu Jianjiao , Li Shanshan
Published: December 2024

A 13-year-old boy presented with a 14-day history of painful necrotic papules and plaques on his trunk and extremities, accompanied by persistent fever for 6 days.
Reduced response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is associated with impaired immunoglobulin class switch recombination in SLE patients
Authors: Montamat Guillem , Meehan Claire E , Bradford Hannah F , Yıldırım Reşit , Guimarães Francisca , Johnson Marina , Goldblatt David , Isenberg David A , Mauri Claudia
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibit B-cell abnormalities. Although there are concerns about reduced antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, detailed data on B-cell-specific responses in SLE remain scarce. Understanding the responsiveness to novel vaccine antigens, and boosters number, is important to avoid unnecessarily prolonged isolation of immunocompromised individuals. We assessed humoral and antigen-specific B-cell subset responses, including changes in isotype switching, prior to and after several doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Methods

Blood samples were obtained prior to and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination from cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts of previously uninfected patients with SLE (n = 93). Healthy participants receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were recruited as controls (n = 135). We measured serum antibody titres, their neutralizing capacity, and vaccine-specific memory B-cell subsets.

Results

Impaired IgG, IgA, and neutralizing responses against the original and various SARS-CoV-2 variants were observed following two doses of vaccine in SLE patients. Follow-up booster doses increased humoral responses compared to baseline, but they remained lower, with poorer neutralisation capacity against most strains, compared to healthy individuals after three or more doses. Analysis of memory B-cell subsets in SLE patients revealed an increase of SARS-CoV-2-specific isotype unswitched IgM+ over SARS-CoV-2-specific isotype switched IgG+/IgA+ memory B-cells compared to healthy individuals. Culturing healthy naive B-cells with high levels of IFNα, a hallmark of SLE pathogenesis, prevented B-cells from switching to IgG under IgG-polarizing conditions.

Conclusion

SLE patients’ protection against SARS-CoV-2 is overall impaired compared to healthy individuals and is associated with a class switch defect possibly due to chronic exposure of B-cells to IFNα.
Push toward pre-emptive kidney transplantation – for sure?
Authors: Cseprekal Orsolya , Jacquelinet Christian , Massy Ziad
Published: December 2024

Pre-emptive kidney transplantation (PKT) has long been considered the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) seeking the most favourable long-term outcomes. However, the significant growth in transplant procedures over recent decades has led to a notable increase in wait-listed patients and a disproportionate demand for donor organs. This situation necessitates a re-evaluation of transplantation timing and the establishment of rational indications from both societal and clinical perspectives. An increasing number of retrospective analyses have challenged the universal benefit of PKT, suggesting that premature indications for living or deceased donor PKT may not always yield superior hard outcomes compared with non-PKT approaches. Conventional predictive models have shown limitations in accurately assessing risks for certain subpopulations, potentially leading to significant disparities among wait-listed patients. To address these challenges, we propose the following considerations. Prediction models should not only optimize the distribution of our limited donor resources, but should also illuminate foreseeable risks associated with a potentially ‘unsuccessful’ PKT. Therefore, this article seeks to underscore the necessity for further discourse on the smouldering concept of when and for whom living or deceased donor PKT should be considered. Is it universally beneficial, or should the clinical paradigm be re-evaluated? In the endeavour to attain superior post-PKT survival outcomes compared with non-PKT or conservative treatment, it seems critical to acknowledge that other treatments may provide more favourable results for certain individuals. This introduces the intricate task of effectively navigating the complexities associated with ‘too early’ or ‘unsuccessful’ PKT.
Cerebral blood flow following successful living kidney transplantation: the VINTAGE study
Authors: Kobayashi Shuzo , Hidaka Sumi , Tanabe Kazunari ,   the VINTAGE Investigators, Yamano Mizuki , Mochida Yasuhiro , Muraoka Suguru , Mitomo Ayaka , Maruyama Haruka , Ishioka Kunihiro , Oka Machiko , Moriya Hidekazu , Ohtake Takayasu , Kobayashi Shuzo , Tanabe Kazunari , Imai Midori , Uchida Satomi , Yonemura Midori , Shimada Katsunori , Hidaka Sumi
Published: December 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. However, there is limited research on how successful living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) affects cerebral blood flow (CBF). This study aims to comprehensively investigate how LDKT influences CBF across various brain levels and regions.

Methods

Data from 53 recipients between 2016 and 2020 were obtained from the VINTAGE study conducted at our hospital. CBF was measured by level and region using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), according to the Talairach brain atlas. The primary endpoint was the mean difference in CBF before and 1-year post-LDKT. Subgroup analysis using traditional risk factors assessed the heterogeneity of the effect on CBF in the frontal lobe region.

Results

LDKT improved blood flow in the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery but had less impact on the posterior cerebral artery. The most consistent improvements were observed in the frontal lobe region {left frontal lobe: −0.12 [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.18 to −0.05], P < .001; right frontal lobe: −0.13 [95% CI −0.21 to −0.05], P = .001}. Subgroup analysis showed a consistent effect of LDKT on frontal lobe CBF improvement, with no qualitative interaction observed.

Conclusions

LDKT contributes to the normalization of CBF, with improvement in anterior circulation and frontal lobe blood flow. To clarify the clinical significance of KT's CBF-improving effect, future studies should investigate the relationship between specific cognitive impairments (e.g. short-term memory, visuospatial ability, executive function) and CBF in each perfusion region.
Allopurinol use predicts lower LDL cholesterol in patients with pre-dialysis CKD - a prospective cohort study
Authors: Taskapan Hulya , Ma Haley , Taskapan Berkay , Tam Paul , Sikaneta Tabo
Published: December 2024

Background

Hyperuricemia influences lipid metabolism, yet relationships between urate-lowering therapy with allopurinol, serum urate, and lipid levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain underexplored.

Methods

This was a post-hoc analysis of 1,970 participants of the CAN AIM to PREVENT who had pre-dialysis CKD and were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy or febuxostat. Joint generalized structural equation modelling was used to investigate associations between allopurinol use (yes or no), serum urate (as a continuous or categorical variable (target if <6 mg/dL or high if ≥6 mg/dL)), and lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides) assessed every 6 months for up to 3 years, along with time-to-event outcomes (death or initiation of renal replacement therapy), adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. Mediation analysis was used to determine allopurinol's direct and indirect effects (via urate) on lipid levels.

Results

Allopurinol use independently predicted lower total cholesterol (-7.94%, 95% CI: -12.13% to -3.54%, p<0.001)) and LDL-C (-13.84%, (-21.14 to -5.87), p=0.001). Serum urate independently predicted a small increase in LDL-C (0.02% per mg/dL (0.009 to 0.03), p<0.001). Patients on allopurinol with target urate had lower LDL-C compared to those not on allopurinol with target urate (-4.46% (-8.25 to -0.50), p=0.027) and those on allopurinol with high urate (-10.15% (-13.16 to -7.04), p<0.001. Mediation analysis showed that serum urate indirectly mediated only 24% of the effect of allopurinol on LDL-C.

Conclusion

Allopurinol use predicted lower total and especially LDL cholesterol independently of serum urate in this cohort of patients with pre-dialysis CKD. Future studies could investigate underlying mechanisms, evaluate clinical implications, and confirm these findings in this and other populations.
CT-derived extracellular volume fraction in aortic stenosis, cardiac amyloidosis, and dual pathology
Authors: Kidoh Masafumi , Oda Seitaro , Tabata Noriaki , Kuyama Naoto , Oguni Tetsuya , Takashio Seiji , Hayashi Hidetaka , Yamaguchi Shinpei , Nakaura Takeshi , Nagayama Yasunori , Nakato Kengo , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Tsujita Kenichi , Hirai Toshinori
Published: December 2024

Aims

To investigate CT-derived extracellular volume fraction (CT-ECV) in patients with lone aortic stenosis (AS), dual pathology of AS and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (AS-ATTR), and lone ATTR, and to examine the diagnostic performance and optimal cut-off values of CT-ECV for differentiating between patients with lone AS and AS-ATTR and between patients with lone AS and lone ATTR.

Methods and results

This retrospective study included consecutive patients with severe AS (including lone AS and AS-ATTR) and lone ATTR who underwent CT-ECV analysis and technetium 99 m pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) scintigraphy. The diagnostic performance of CT-ECV for detecting cardiac amyloidosis was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Of 138 patients (mean age, 80 ± 8; 96 men), 55 had lone AS, 19 had AS-ATTR, and 64 had lone ATTR. CT-derived extracellular volume fraction of patients with lone AS was 31 ± 5%. CT-derived extracellular volume fraction was significantly lower in patients with AS-ATTR than lone ATTR (45 ± 12% vs. 53 ± 13%, P = 0.04). The AUC for differentiating patients with AS-ATTR from lone AS was lower than for lone ATTR from lone AS [0.90 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.96) vs. 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90, 0.98)]. The cut-off values of CT-ECV for differentiation between patients with lone AS and AS-ATTR were lower than those between patients with lone AS and lone ATTR [36.6% vs. 38.5% (Youden index)]. There was no significant difference in the proportion of 99mTc-PYP scintigraphy grade between patients with AS-ATTR and lone ATTR (P = 0.20).

Conclusion

Despite no significant difference in degree of ATTR between patients with AS-ATTR and lone ATTR, CT-ECV of patients with dual AS-ATTR pathology was significantly lower than that of patients with lone ATTR. The diagnostic performance and optimal cut-off values of CT-ECV for differentiating between patients with lone AS and AS-ATTR were lower than those between patients with lone AS and lone ATTR.
Successful transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for tricuspid regurgitation in a patient with a double-inlet left ventricle and discordant connections of the great arteries: a case report
Authors: Yamaguchi Masashi , Matsumoto Takashi , Ochiai Tomoki , Mizuno Shingo , Saito Shigeru
Published: December 2024

Background

In patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), significant atrioventricular valve regurgitation is an important risk factor for poor outcomes, such as heart failure. However, in many cases, transcatheter intervention may reduce the risk profile to avoid a high surgical risk.

Case summary

A 44-year-old man with complex ACHD in the form of a double-inlet left ventricle, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary atresia, atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus was referred for the treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation. He received an aortopulmonary shunt and a left-sided modified Blalock-Taussig shunt during childhood. Because of the patient’s high surgical risk due to seroma formation around the two shunts and intra-mediastinal collateral vessels, the heart team opted for transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) using a MitraClip (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Tricuspid TEER was successfully performed using the MitraClip G4 system. The postoperative course was uneventful, with significant improvements in the New York Heart Association functional class.

Discussion

Our case demonstrates that tricuspid TEER can be an alternative option for patients with complex ACHD who are at high risk for conventional surgeries; however, careful assessment with multimodality imaging and a heart team approach, including a cardiologist, ACHD specialist, cardiac surgeon, anthologist, and intensivist, should be considered.
Successful implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy in a patient with coronary sinus reducer using proximal coronary sinus branches: a case report
Authors: Costantino Jacopo , Zuccaro Lorenzo Maria , Romani Barbara , Rotolo Francesco Luigi , Porcelli Daniele
Published: December 2024

Background

The coronary sinus reducer (CSR) is a therapeutic option for patients with coronary artery disease who are not eligible for further revascularization and experience refractory angina. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves symptoms and prognosis in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but the presence of a CSR may complicate left ventricular lead placement. Only four cases have been reported so far in this context. This case report introduces a novel technique for left ventricular lead implantation in such patients.

Case summary

A 73-year-old man with a history of chronic coronary syndrome, coronary artery bypass surgery, angioplasties, and CSR implantation presented with heart failure symptoms. His ECG showed sinus rhythm and left bundle branch block (QRS 160 ms), and echocardiography revealed severe systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction 20%). During Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy-Defibrillator (CRT-D) implantation, venography revealed a suitable proximal tributary branch near the CSR, which was successfully used for lead placement without complications.

Discussion

The CSR has shown promise in relieving refractory angina. As ischaemic heart disease progresses, CRT may become necessary in patients with CSR. The CSR’s design can reduce the vascular lumen and complicate lead placement. Previous reports have confirmed the technical feasibility of CRT with CSR but lack long-term safety data. This case highlights that, under favourable anatomical conditions, proximal tributaries of the coronary sinus can be used for lead placement, potentially avoiding complications from reduced venous outflow.
Key priorities for the implementation of the 2023 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Cardiomyopathies in low resource settings
Authors: Jurcut Ruxandra , Barriales-Villa Roberto , Biagini Elena , Garcia-Pavia Pablo , Olivotto Iacopo , Protonotarios Alexandros , Arbustini Eloisa , Mogensen Jens , Elliott Perry , Arbelo Elena , Pablo Kaski Juan ,   Members of the Task Force for the 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies, Basso Cristina , Bezzina Connie , Blom Nico , de Boer Rudolf , de Winter Tim , Flather Marcus , García-Pavía Pablo , Gimeno Juan R , Klaassen Sabine , Limongelli Giuseppe , Loeys Bart , Pantazis Antonis , Sharma Sanjay , Van Tintelen Peter , Ware James
Published: December 2024

ESC Guidelines provide best practice, evidence-based recommendations for diagnosing and treating patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is not always possible for best practices to be followed, however, particularly in low-resource settings. To address this issue, a set of guideline-related documents were created to identify key priorities for users in these settings. The documents highlight the related recommendations and describe key strategies for clinicians to approach implementation of these recommendations or discuss alternatives which are in line with the intention of the recommendations, if not having all of the same advantages. The suggestions cannot be used as exact substitutes for the original recommendations in the guidelines, which have not been altered and continue to reflect best practice.

This document on key priorities for low-resource settings was developed by the task force Chairs and other members of the task force which produced the 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies, which are freely available on the ESC website (https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines). This document also underwent external review including international experts from within and beyond Europe and included non-ESC associations. The non-ESC associations were The Interamerican Society of Cardiology (IASC), The Pan-African Society of Cardiology (PASCAR), The Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology (APSC) and The Asean Federation of Cardiology (AFC).
Impact of concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting on the outcomes of total arch repair with frozen elephant trunk for type A aortic dissection
Authors: Huang Ling-Chen , Zhang Ai-Kai , Hu Xiang-Ming , Shao Ze-Hua , Sun Yang-Xue , Zhao Dong , Chang Yi , Qian Xiang-Yang , Guo Hong-Wei
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is often performed alongside type A aortic dissection (TAAD) repair. However, the association between concomitant CABG and the clinical outcomes of TAAD repair remains uncertain.

METHODS

This study included 1002 consecutive TAAD patients who underwent total aortic arch replacement (TAR) with frozen elephant trunk from June 2019 to January 2024. Concomitant CABG during TAR and frozen elephant trunk was performed under 3 conditions: planned CABG for coronary ostial involvement, planned CABG for coronary artery disease and rescue CABG. Patients who underwent rescue CABG (N = 42) were compared with those who had planned CABG (N = 218) and those who did not undergo CABG (non-CABG: N = 742). Logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were employed.

RESULTS

Operative mortality rate was 2.40%; 42 (4.19%) patients underwent rescue CABG. The rescue CABG group had the highest operative mortality (23.81%) among the 3 groups (P < 0.001). Rescue CABG was associated with increased operative mortality compared with non-CABG [odds ratio: 18.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.32–49.08, P < 0.001], whereas planned CABG was not significant. The median follow-up period was 24.80 (interquartile range 11.73–39.10) months. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated poorer overall survival in the rescue CABG group (log-rank P-value < 0.001). Rescue CABG significantly increased all-cause late mortality compared with non-CABG (hazard ratio 13.69, 95% CI 6.53–28.70, P < 0.001), while planned CABG did not. The 2-year cumulative incidence of graft occlusion among CABG patients was 24.54%.

CONCLUSIONS

Rescue CABG is significantly associated with increased operative and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing TAR and frozen elephant trunk for TAAD. Further research is required to identify the causes of rescue CABG.
Mediterranean diet, neutrophil count, and carotid intima-media thickness in secondary prevention: the CORDIOPREV study
Authors: Boughanem Hatim , Torres-Peña José D , Arenas-de Larriva Antonio Pablo , Romero-Cabrera Juan L , Gómez-Luna Purificación , Martín-Piedra Laura , Rodríguez-Cantalejo Fernando , Tinahones Francisco J , Yubero Serrano Elena M , Soehnlein Oliver , Perez-Martinez Pablo , Delgado-Lista Javier , López-Miranda José
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Several studies have supported the role of innate immune system as a key factor in the sterile inflammation underlying the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in mice. However, its involvement in humans remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between neutrophil count, and the intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries (IMT-CC), as well as the potential impact of long-term dietary interventions on these associations.

Methods

A comprehensive analysis was conducted within the framework of the CORDIOPREV study, a long-term secondary prevention study involving dietary interventions with either a Mediterranean or a low-fat diet. The study evaluated the relationship between absolute neutrophil count and neutrophil-related ratios with IMT-CC at baseline and after 5 and 7 years of dietary intervention.

Results

At baseline, patients in the highest tertile of neutrophil count had a higher IMT-CC and number of carotid plaques, when compared to lowest tertile (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively). Logistic regression analyses supported this association. Elevated neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-erythrocyte ratio, and neutrophil-to-HDL ratio were associated with an increased likelihood of having an IMT-CC >.9 mm {odds ratio (OR) 1.17 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.35], OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.24–4.12), and OR 1.96 (95% CI 1.09–3.55), respectively}, after adjustment for all variables, which was corroborated by linear regression. Furthermore, a linear mixed-effect model analysis from a longitudinal analysis spanning 5 and 7 years revealed an increase in 1 unit of neutrophils/μl at these time points was associated with a mean increase of .004 (.002) mm in the IMT-CC (P = .031) after adjustment for all variables. Interestingly, in patients exhibiting regression in IMT-CC after 7 years of follow-up, those following a Mediterranean diet showed a significant decrease in neutrophil count after 5 and 7 years (both with P < .05), compared to baseline.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that neutrophils may represent a promising target for preventing atherosclerosis. A Mediterranean diet could serve as an effective dietary strategy to reduce neutrophil levels and potentially slow the progression of atherosclerosis, offering a new neutrophil-reducing therapy concept. Further research is essential to gain deeper insights into the role of neutrophils in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in humans.
DOME Registry: implementing community-wide recommendations for reporting supervised machine learning in biology
Authors: Attafi Omar Abdelghani , Clementel Damiano , Kyritsis Konstantinos , Capriotti Emidio , Farrell Gavin , Fragkouli Styliani-Christina , Castro Leyla Jael , Hatos András , Lenaerts Tom , Mazurenko Stanislav , Mozaffari Soroush , Pradelli Franco , Ruch Patrick , Savojardo Castrense , Turina Paola , Zambelli Federico , Piovesan Damiano , Monzon Alexander Miguel , Psomopoulos Fotis , Tosatto Silvio C E
Published: December 2024

Supervised machine learning (ML) is used extensively in biology and deserves closer scrutiny. The Data Optimization Model Evaluation (DOME) recommendations aim to enhance the validation and reproducibility of ML research by establishing standards for key aspects such as data handling and processing, optimization, evaluation, and model interpretability. The recommendations help to ensure that key details are reported transparently by providing a structured set of questions. Here, we introduce the DOME registry (URL: registry.dome-ml.org), a database that allows scientists to manage and access comprehensive DOME-related information on published ML studies. The registry uses external resources like ORCID, APICURON, and the Data Stewardship Wizard to streamline the annotation process and ensure comprehensive documentation. By assigning unique identifiers and DOME scores to publications, the registry fosters a standardized evaluation of ML methods. Future plans include continuing to grow the registry through community curation, improving the DOME score definition and encouraging publishers to adopt DOME standards, and promoting transparency and reproducibility of ML in the life sciences.
The telomere-to-telomere (T2T) genome provides insights into the evolution of specialized centromere sequences in sandalwood
Authors: Peng Dan , Hong Zhou , Kan Shenglong , Wu Zhiqiang , Liao Xuezhu
Published: December 2024

Background

Sandalwood, a prized hemiparasitic plant, is highly sought in the commercial market because of its aromatic core materia. The structure and stability of the genome are instrumental in the rapid adaptation of parasitic plants to their surroundings. However, there is a conspicuous lack of research on the genomic-level adaptive evolution of sandalwood.

Results

In this study, we assembled a gap-free telomere-to-telomere (T2T) reference genome for Santalum album using PacBio HiFi, Hi-C, and ultra-long ONT data. The T2T reference genome (Sal_t2t) encompassed annotations of 24,171 genes and 25.34% repetitive sequences, in addition to all 10 centromeres and 20 telomeres across the 10 chromosomes. The results revealed that the 3 distinct parasitic species of Santalales had diverse centromeric compositions. The Copia-type long terminal repeat transposon emerged as the most significant in the S. album genome, constituting the primary sequence of the centromere and influencing gene expression. Third, in sandalwood, the presence of Copia affected the size of the centromeres and, consequently, the genome size. Identification of the sandalwood T2T genome in this study also enabled the identification of more precise organelle transfer fragments.

Conclusions

Our research provides a sandalwood T2T genome, laying the groundwork for future investigations on the evolution of energy organs in parasitic plants. Moreover, it offers novel insights into the function and evolution of centromeres, as well as the mechanisms of adaptation and parasitism.
Joint inversion of full-waveform ambient noise and gravity data for simultaneously deriving high-resolution three-dimensional crustal S-wave velocity and density models: application to the Jingpohu volcanic area in Northeast China
Authors: Guo Lianghui , Bao Xueyang , Shen Yang , Chen Yang , Han Mei
Published: December 2024

Both crustal velocity and density models provide important constraints for understanding crustal tectonics, composition and magmatic system. However, conventional gravity inversion methods for density models are troubled by poor depth-resolution and non-uniqueness. We apply a joint inversion method to full-waveform ambient noise and gravity data for simultaneously deriving high-resolution 3-D crustal S-wave velocity (Vs) and density models. By constraints of seismic and gravity data, our joint inversion could significantly improve the resolution of density models and reduce the uncertainty on the inversion results. Our method is suitable for any areas especially with low seismicity and can be extended to basin-scale. We apply the method on the seismic and gravity data around the Jingpohu (JPH) volcanic area in Northeast China to obtain high-resolution 3-D crustal Vs and density models, which are subsequently used to build the crustal lithological model. Our models demonstrate that the JPH volcanic group is located near the junction of the Mudanjiang–Yilan and Dunhua–Mishan fault zones and was tectonically controlled by them. A steep crustal-scale mafic intrusion with high Vs and density is present beneath the JPH volcanic group, and we interpret it as the same product as the JPH volcanic basaltic rocks outcropped on the surface by the mantle-sourced magmatic upwelling. Furthermore, none significant molten magma reservoirs with low Vs and density are observed currently within the crust of the JPH volcanic group. Thus, our results support that the JPH volcanic group is a single volcanic genesis with a mantle-only magma source.
The role of value references in shaping cultures of engagement: evidence from COVID-19 news on Facebook in Romania and the U.K.
Authors: Monzer Cristina , Dimitrova Daniela V
Published: December 2024

Values are consequential for opinion formation and remain a persuasive factor in shaping public attitudes. Still, the role of values remains under-researched in the context of online news production and engagement. This study investigates the intricate role values play by analyzing patterns of value references in online news coverage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in two culturally distinct nations, Romania and the U.K. Conceptually, the study is based on Schwartz’s value typology; methodologically, it relies on the Concept Mover’s Distance method. Analyzing half a million Facebook posts, the study identifies four types of value references: universal, cultural, topic-based, and situational. We show that cultural values prevalent in British posts, such as stimulation and tradition, resonate with the culturally congruent context. Universal values, however, do not guarantee a high level of engagement. The findings underscore the nuanced impact of values in shaping online news engagement.
Health literacy enhancement through food guide and hygiene education: a study among Taiwanese students
Authors: Chang Tsai-Ju , Wu Yi-Ching , Chau Chi-Fai
Published: December 2024

The World Health Organization defined health as ‘a condition of full physical, mental and social well-being’. Nutrition and food safety are intertwined and two of the most influential determinants of human health. This study primarily aimed to design and implement a specialized curriculum focused on food hygiene, and Taiwan’s daily food guide to enhance health literacy among junior high students in Taiwan. A student-centered approach, based on active learning and constructivist principles, was used to engage students in interactive discussions and hands-on activities related to dietary guidelines and food hygiene. Four classrooms, with a total of 92 students, participated in this study. The students were randomized into a control group (n = 46) and an experimental group (n = 46). The average age ranged from 13 to 15 years. An illustrated questionnaire underwent pilot testing and expert review, followed by pre- and post-intervention assessments to measure knowledge improvements. The results showed a significant connection between the Taiwan daily food guide and health literacy. Although food hygiene education played a lesser role, the intervention improved students’ health literacy, supporting positive health outcomes. In addition, recognizing the lack of suitable assessment tools in this field, we developed a reliable and valid illustrated questionnaire to measure the effectiveness of the intervention and track changes in students’ knowledge. The questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.883) and strong inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation factor above 0.7), confirming its effectiveness as a tool for educational research.
How are pro- and anti-cannabis messaging exposures related to US young adult cannabis use-related factors?
Authors: Cui Yuxian , LoParco Cassidy R , Romm Katelyn F , Cavazos-Rehg Patricia A , Yang Y. Tony , McCready Darcey M , Kasson Erin , Wang Yan , Berg Carla J
Published: December 2024

Given the diverse sources of cannabis messaging and potential differential effects, this study examined pro- and anti-cannabis messaging exposure overall and via specific channels in relation to cannabis-related perceptions (social acceptability and harm) and behaviors (use status, intentions and frequency; past-year quit attempts). Multivariable regression analyses of 2023 survey data from 4031 US young adults (Mage = 26.29, 59.4% female, 19.0% Hispanic, 13.5% Black and 13.6% Asian) used independent variables representing overall exposure and via specific sources (stores, online, billboards/posters/flyers, TV/movies/radio, print and direct communication), respectively. Greater pro-cannabis messaging exposure correlated with greater perceived social acceptability, lower perceived harm, past-month use, greater use intentions among those reporting past-month nonuse and more days used and fewer quit attempts among those reporting use. Less anti-cannabis messaging exposure correlated with these outcomes, except intentions. Particularly, influential sources of pro-cannabis messaging were online (associated with perceptions, use status, intentions and frequency) and direct communication (perceptions, use, use frequency and quit attempts), and those of anti-cannabis messaging were online (harm and use intentions), direct communication (acceptability, quit attempts) and stores (perceptions, use and quit attempts). Exposure differed by sociodemographics (e.g. sex, race/ethnicity and education). The impact of digital media and targeted communications overall and stores in communicating cannabis-related risks suggest the need for regulation and monitoring.
A qualitative analysis of factors influencing physical activity behaviour in women with PCOS: key learning for physical activity interventions and beyond
Authors: Woodward Amie , Klonizakis Markos , Broom David , Cholerton Rachel , Piercy Hilary
Published: December 2024

Physical activity (PA) is recommended in clinical practice guidelines as effective for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, adherence to PA interventions is low in this population, and long-term uptake of PA is a challenge. We conducted a feasibility trial of two PA interventions for women with PCOS. This paper reports a qualitative evaluation of the trial in tandem with an evaluation of barriers and facilitators to PA in a sub-group of participants. Eleven participants with PCOS were purposively sampled from the main sample (n = 36) and participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Five themes were developed relating to experiences of the intervention and factors influencing PA behaviour: (1) The Changing Nature of Priorities, (2) The Push and Pull of PCOS Symptoms, (3) Focusing Beyond the Scale, (4) Knowledge as a Foundation for Change and (5) The Balance of Stigma and Social Support. These findings can be used to design PA interventions that consider the interplay between PCOS and PA behaviour to achieve health benefits beyond short-term interventions.
Silent uncrewed surface vehicles reveal the diurnal vertical distribution of lesser sandeel
Authors: Komiyama Sakura , Holmin Arne Johannes , Pedersen Geir , Johnsen Espen
Published: December 2024

Lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) exhibits a peculiar diel vertical migration (DVM) during the feeding season, burying into the seabed at night and emerging during daytime to form schools that feed on zooplankton. Large schools may consist of a pelagic component searching for prey and a bottom component connected by collective bridge-like formations. However, the temporal variation in the schools’ vertical distribution is poorly understood. In this study, 38 and 200 kHz acoustic data recorded with Saildrones were used to examine the schooling dynamics during their main feeding season in May–June. A total of 1497 sandeel schools that were identified by linear discriminant analysis displayed two distinct vertical components throughout the season: one in the pelagic zone and one near the seabed. The pelagic component was distributed deepest at noon and had a similar pattern to zooplankton DVM, suggesting that sandeel followed the vertical distribution of their prey. Their diurnal ascension was greater in both distance and hours in May than June, suggesting a decline in feeding motivation towards the end of the feeding season. These findings were made possible with the long-term monitoring by silent Saildrones, which did not seem to affect the natural behaviour of sandeel schools.
Mangrove restoration reinstates similar macrobenthos communities to natural mangroves in Guyana, South America
Authors: Ram Mark , Sheaves Marcus , Waltham Nathan J
Published: December 2024

Mangrove restoration projects have become increasingly widespread to compensate for mangrove loss. Despite considerable investment in this restoration activity, post-restoration monitoring is often limited to vegetation recovery with no inclusion of faunal groups, such as macrobenthos communities, even though these groups are excellent bioindicators. Here, we used a space-for-time approach to examine whether restored mangrove macrobenthos communities are equivalent to natural mangroves of the same age (5–11 years after colonization). We focused our analyses on sediment samples collected from the lower, middle, and upper intertidal zones of restored and natural mangroves in the dry and wet seasons, along Guyana’s coastline, South America. We observed an overall higher macrobenthos abundance in the natural mangroves compared to restored mangrove areas, which contrasted with higher species richness in the restored mangroves compared to natural mangroves. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling, analysis of similarities, and similarity percentage analysis revealed that macrobenthos species composition was not significantly different among the restored and natural mangrove habitats, ages, and seasons (P > .05). This suggests that the macrobenthos composition in restored mangrove areas quickly converges, after restoration activities, with communities observed in natural mangroves. Our findings indicate that, at least for biodiversity outcomes, macroinvertebrate communities occupying sediments in restored mangroves resemble natural areas rapidly post-restoration efforts.
Comparison of pulmonary and aortic root and cusp dimensions in normal adults using computed tomography: potential implications for Ross procedure planning
Authors: Jelenc Matija , Jelenc Blaž , Habjan Sara , Abeln Karen B , Fries Peter , Michelena Hector I , Schäfers Hans Joachim
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES

The Ross procedure is currently receiving renewed interest. Its function and durability depend on preservation of pulmonary valve anatomy; limited data exist on normal pulmonary valve geometry. The objective was to compare aortic and pulmonary root and cusp dimensions in adults with normal tricuspid aortic and pulmonary valves.

METHODS

We reviewed 507 coronary computed tomography studies, selecting those with adequate visibility of both pulmonary and aortic roots for further analysis. Diastolic aortic and pulmonary root and cusp dimensions were measured. Root dimensions at different phases of the cardiac cycle were measured in 3 patients.

RESULTS

We analysed studies of 50 patients with the mean age of 54 years [standard deviation (SD): 16]. In end-diastole, pulmonary root had a smaller sinutubular to basal ring ratio than the aortic root [0.82 (SD: 0.09) vs 1.14 (SD: 0.12), P < 0.001]. Aortic and pulmonary cusps had similar dimensions; however, pulmonary cusp effective height was lower [5.9 mm (SD: 1.6) vs 8.4 mm (SD: 1.2), P < 0.001]. Pulmonary basal ring perimeter was largest at end-diastole and smallest at end-systole, with the relative difference of 23.5% (SD: 2.7).

CONCLUSIONS

The pulmonary root has a similar cusp size compared to the aortic root, but a different shape, resulting in a lower pulmonary cusp effective height. The perimeter of the pulmonary basal ring changes during the cardiac cycle. These findings suggest that stabilizing the autograft to normal aortic, rather than pulmonary, root dimensions should result in normal autograft cusp configuration. Computed tomography angiography could become a tool for personalized planning of the Ross procedure.
Urbicide and Coming to Terms with the Past: Everyday Acts of Return and Reconstruction in Post-war Nahr el Bared
Authors: Sobout Azadeh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT∞

The violent destruction of Nahr el Bared refugee camp – the second biggest Palestinian camp in Lebanon – in 2007 and its community’s efforts to reclaim justice through post-war reconstruction make it a compelling case to study the intersection of urbicide and transitional justice. Utilizing the concept of grassroots transitional justice and building on recent scholarship on urban warfare and urbicidal violence, this article examines how Palestinians of Nahr el Bared have developed creative infrastructures of justice in extreme conditions of urbicide. By shedding light on urbicide as a form of political violence and its role in producing violations of human rights – particularly those related to socio-economic rights, displacement and destruction of space, memory and identity – the article suggests that post-war reconstruction can and should be viewed as a matter of justice. Linking the concepts of urbicide, transitional justice and post-war reconstruction, the article explores a model of transitional justice that engages with restoration of truth, memorialization and governance in the post-war reconstruction process. By highlighting narratives, stories and memories that focus on the destruction, the siege, the suspended home and the need for return, memorialization and reconstruction, the article explores the grassroots conception of justice for the displaced Palestinian community and examines how transitional justice might be reconfigured in the aftermath of urbicide.