bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЭНТЕЛЕХИЯ ИКОНОПИСНОГО ОБРАЗА ЮРОДИВОГО
Authors: Tuminskaya Olga Anatolevna
Published: March 2017

Цель. Статья посвящена изучению взаимоотношению образа юродивого во Христе и его иконописного отражения. Энтелехия в данном ракурсе рассматривается как эволюционная форма, особый раздел бытия Образа. Актуальность исследования данной проблемы раскрывается в неугасающем интересе современной политической и культурной общественности к юродскому эпатажу. Предметом анализа выступает эволюция христианской иконографии. Энтелехия – основной инструмент методологического анализа поставленной проблемы. Автор ставит целью раскрыть корреляционную связь энтелехии юродства и энтелехии иконописного образа юродивого.Метод или методология проведения работы. В статье применены методы корреляционных связей, историко-искусствоведческой реконструкции и герменевтики.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор призывает различать явление юродства и явление иконописания юродивых. Вместе с тем автор настаивает на правильности применения термина энтелехии относительно иконографии юродства, а не иконописания. Иконопись образа юродивого во Христе появилась не ранее XVI в. в России, а термин «иконография юродства» может быть применен к искусству первых веков существования христианства. Высказывается предположение, что энтелехия как метод метафизического развития человеческого духа обладает той уникальной созидательной потенцией, которая устойчиво формирует новые корреляционные связи явления юродства, его проявления в жизни современного общества и его отражения в искусстве.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в курсах по истории философии, искусствознанию и культурологии.
Information Feedback, Targeting, and Coordination: An Experimental Study
Authors: Hashim Matthew J. , Kannan Karthik N. , Maximiano Sandra
Published: March 2017

There are many contexts in which an “everybody else is doing it” attitude is relevant. We evaluate the impact of this attitude in a multithreshold public goods game. We use a lab experiment to study the role of providing information about contribution behavior to targeted subsets of individuals, and its effect on coordination. Treatments include one in which no information is provided and three other treatments, i.e., where information is provided to a random sample of subjects; to those whose contributions are below the average of their group, and to those whose contributions are above the average of their group. We find that the random provision of information is no different than not providing information. More important, average contributions improve with targeted treatments. Coordination waste is also lower with targeted treatments. The insights from this research are more broadly relevant in the contexts of piracy, open innovation, and crowdfunding.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2016.0663
Translated Attributes as Choice Architecture: Aligning Objectives and Choices Through Decision Signposts
Authors: Ungemach Christoph , Camilleri Adrian R. , Johnson Eric J. , Larrick Richard P. , Weber Elke U.
Published: March 2017

Every attribute can be expressed in multiple ways. For example, car fuel economy can be expressed as fuel efficiency (“miles per gallon”), fuel cost in dollars, or tons of greenhouse gases emitted. Each expression, or “translation,” highlights a different aspect of the same attribute. We describe a new mechanism whereby translated attributes can serve as decision “signposts” because they (1) activate otherwise dormant objectives, such as proenvironmental values and goals, and (2) direct the person toward the option that best achieves the activated objective. Across three experiments, we provide evidence for the occurrence of such signpost effects as well as the underlying psychological mechanism. We demonstrate that expressing an attribute such as fuel economy in terms of multiple translations can increase preference for the option that is better aligned with objectives congruent with this attribute (e.g., the more fuel-efficient car for those with proenvironmental attitudes), even when the new information is derivable from other known attributes. We discuss how using translated attributes appropriately can help align a person’s choices with their personal objectives.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2703 .

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
The Coevolution of Organizational Knowledge and Market Technology
Authors: Pontikes Elizabeth G. , Barnett William P.
Published: March 2017

A coevolutionary perspective on knowledge strategy is developed, where variant positions in knowledge space are predicted to result in differential advantages in product space. In particular, advantages to being both consistent and specialized in knowledge space are predicted to generate advantages in product space. Results in support of this prediction are found in an analysis of the history of the computer industry. The theory and findings have implications for both technology strategy and for researchers interested in introducing choice to evolutionary models of organizations. In particular, the findings imply that exploration in knowledge space inhibits exploration in product space.
Impact of Technology-Mediated Communication on Student Evaluations of Advising
Authors: Junco Reynol , Mastrodicasa Jeanna M. , Aguiar Alicia Vance , Longnecker Elizabeth Mae , Rokkum Jeffrey Nils
Published: March 2017

The field of academic advising lags behind other similar fields in the use of technologically mediated communication modalities shown to improve academic outcomes. We investigated student satisfaction with undergraduate advising by examining the ways communication methods, such as social media, between student and advisor relate to student satisfaction. Results showed that although advisors rarely communicated with students via social media, text messaging, or instant messaging, the number of face-to-face advising meetings was positively predicted by advisor use of instant messaging and text messaging and negatively predicted by their use of Facebook. Furthermore, e-mail communication positively predicted a student's positive view of the advising experience, but communicating through Twitter predicted negative views of advising.
Hubungan Kadar Timbal Darah dengan Tingkat Inteligensi Anak
Authors: Ratnasari Dewi Mutiati , Sitaresmi Mei Neni , Mulyani Nenny Sri
Published: March 2017

Latar belakang. Timbal telah terbukti neurotoksin. Kadar timbal yang tinggi dalam darah dihubungkan dengan inteligensi yang rendah pada anak, tetapi sampai saat ini belum ada laporan hubungan kadar timbal dalam darah dengan inteligensi anak di Indonesia khususnya Yogyakarta.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan kadar timbal darah dengan tingkat inteligensi anak.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang terhadap anak di 7 Sekolah Dasar kelas 1 dan 2 Inklusi di Yogyakarta pada bulan Januari 2013. Subyek penelitian diperoleh secara purposive sampling. Kriteria inklusi adalah anak dengan 5 peringkat tertinggi dan 5 peringkat terendah yang bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Kriteria eksklusi adalah anak dengan sindrom Down, hiperaktif, autis, dan adanya gangguan pendengaran. Inteligensi ditentukan berdasarkan Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children timbal dalam darah diperiksa dengan alat atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji independent t-test, uji chi-square, dan uji Fisher.Hasil. Didapatkan 80 anak (40 anak dengan inteligensi tinggi dan 40 anak dengan inteligensi rendah) diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Rerata kadar timbal dalam darah anak dengan inteligensi tinggi 4,09 µg/dL (SB 0,50) lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rerata kadar timbal dalam darah anak dengan inteligensi rendah 7,08 µg/dL (SB 0,61, IK95%: 1,429-4,555). Kadar timbal dalam darah ≥5 µg/dL lebih banyak dijumpai pada anak dengan inteligensi rendah dibandingkan dengan anak dengan inteligensi tinggi (75% vs 45%; p=0,006). Hasil analisis bivariat faktor luar didapatkan faktor lain yang memengaruhi tingkat inteligensi anak adalah stimulasi, tingkat pendidikan ibu dan sosial ekonomi (p=<0,001, p=0,001, dan p=0,001).Kesimpulan. Anak dengan inteligensi rendah mempunyai kadar timbal darah yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak dengan inteligensi tinggi.
Faktor Prediktor Malnutrisi Rumah Sakit pada Anak
Authors: Maryani Elvia , Prawirohartono Endy Paryanto , Nugroho Sasmito
Published: March 2017

Latar belakang. Perawatan anak di rumah sakit berisiko terhadap kejadian malnutrisi rumah sakit akibat dari penurunan asupan makan, hipermetabolisme, malabsorbsi dan kehilangan nutrisi. Malnutrisi berdampak pada peningkatan kejadian komplikasi penyakit, lama rawat, dan biaya pelayanan. Tujuan. Melakukan evaluasi asupan makan, status nutrisi awal, demam, diare, keganasan, diagnosis multipel dan derajat penyakit sebagai faktor prediktor malnutrisi rumah sakit pada anak.Metode. Penelitian prospektif dilakukan pada pasien anak yang dirawat di RSUP Dr Sardjito usia 1 bulan sampai 18 tahun pada bulan September sampai dengan Oktober 2012. Subyek diambil secara konsekutif. Didapat 224 subyek, 20 tidak dianalisis karena data tidak lengkap. Berat badan diukur setiap hari pada kondisi yang sama sampai dengan pasien dipulangkan. Malnutrisi rumah sakit jika penurunan berat badan >2% (perawatan <7 hari), 5% (perawatan 8 sampai 30 hari) atau 10% (perawatan >30 hari). Asupan makan, status nutrisi, demam, diare, keganasan, diagnosis multipel dan derajat penyakit dinilai dalam 48 jam pertama perawatan.Hasil. Proporsi malnutrisi rumah sakit pada anak 27%. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa derajat penyakit adalah faktor prediktor malnutrisi rumah sakit pada anak (RR=2,56; IK=1,22-5,38).Kesimpulan Derajat penyakit adalah faktor prediktor malnutrisi rumah sakit pada anak.
Validitas Skor Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health London untuk Mendeteksi Infeksi Bakteri Serius pada Anak
Authors: Gustawan I Wayan , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki S , Satari Hindra Irawan , Karyanti Mulya Rahma
Published: March 2017

Latar belakang. Mengingat peningkatan angka kematian anak akibat peningkatan insiden penyakit infeksi bakteri serius (IBS) pada anak, serta faktor risiko IBS yang beragam di sarana pelayanan kesehatan yang terbatas, merupakan alasan untuk mempergunakan model skoring dalam mendeteksi IBS. Tujuan. Mengetahui validitas Skor Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health London (RCPCH) dalam mendeteksi IBS pada anak dengan demam dan mencari faktor prediktor IBS.Metode. Dilakukan 2 jenis metode penelitian yaitu uji diagnostik untuk mengetahui validitas Skor RCPCH dalam mendeteksi IBS pada anak dengan demam, dan kohort prospektif untuk mencari faktor prediktor IBS. Baku emas adalah diagnosis akhir sesuai ICD-10. Hasil. Didapatkan 260 subyek penelitian, analisis dilakukan pada 253 subyek (97,3%) karena 7 pasien tidak dapat dihubungi (loss of follow-up). Umur berkisar dari 1 bulan sampai 12 tahun. Proporsi laki-laki lebih banyak dari pada perempuan, dan kelompok umur terbanyak adalah > 36 bulan (51,4%). Diagnosis IBS didapatkan pada 28,9% subyek; dengan diagnosis terbanyak pneumonia (19%). Skor RCPCH mempunyai sensitifitas 58,9%, spesifisitas 86,7%, nilai duga positif 64,2%, nilai duga negatif 83,8%, rasio kemungkinan positif 4,42, rasio kemungkinan negatif 0,47, post tes probabilitas 64,23%, serta area under ROC curve 72,8%. Batuk, sesak napas, mencret, kejang, umur 1-36 bulan, suhu tubuh ≥ 37,50 C, hipoksia, dan takipnea merupakan faktor prediktor terjadinya IBS.Kesimpulan. Skor RCPCH dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi IBS pada anak umur 1 bulan–12 tahun. Batuk, sesak napas, mencret, kejang, umur 1-36 bulan, suhu tubuh ≥ 37,50 C, hipoksia, dan takipnea merupakan faktor prediktor terjadinya IBS.
Percepciones de la gestión del turismo en dos reservas de biosfera ecuatorianas: Galápagos y Sumaco
Authors: Muñoz Barriga Andrea
Published: March 2017

Se analiza la gestión del turismo en dos reservas de biosfera ecuatorianas y sus implicaciones en el desarrollo y la conservación. Reservas de biosfera (RB) son categorías establecidas por la UNESCO a áreas de extraordinario valor natural y cultural, cuyos espacios son concebidos como sitios de conciliación de actividades humanas y la conservación de la biodiversidad. El turismo es considerado como una herramienta para favorecer estos dos elementos. Se evalúo las percepciones de los residentes en relación la actual gestión del turismo y su contribución al desarrollo local y a la conservación de la biodiversidad. Dentro de la metodología se empleó la combinación de encuestas y entrevistas semi-estructuradas a residentes en ambas reservas. En Galápagos el turismo es el principal motor de la economía isleña y constituye una de las formas “forzosas” para el desarrollo local en ecosistemas insulares. La actividad ha crecido rápidamente en los últimos años superando los 200.000 turistas anuales a partir del 2013. Este aumento está asociado al incremento de la población e indirectamente a la introducción de especies invasoras, que implica una amenaza para la conservación. Por otro lado, en Sumaco (Amazonía) el turismo representa una actividad económica secundaria con un potencial importante para el desarrollo de las comunidades locales y la conservación, frente a otras actividades extractivas como agricultura, pastoreo, explotación minera y petrolera. El turismo ha tenido un repunte importante en Sumaco en los últimos años con más de 140.000 turistas anuales para el 2013. En ambas reservas es importante una adecuada planificación y gestión del turismo para asegurar el ansiado desarrollo sustentable.
Pressure overload leads to an increased accumulation and activity of mast cells in the right ventricle
Authors: Luitel Himal , Sydykov Akylbek , Schymura Yves , Mamazhakypov Argen , Janssen Wiebke , Pradhan Kabita , Wietelmann Astrid , Kosanovic Djuro , Dahal Bhola Kumar , Weissmann Norbert , Seeger Werner , Grimminger Friedrich , Ghofrani Hossein Ardeschir , Schermuly Ralph Theo
Published: March 2017

Right ventricular (RV) remodeling represents a complex set of functional and structural adaptations in response to chronic pressure or volume overload due to various inborn defects or acquired diseases and is an important determinant of patient outcome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated the time course of structural and functional changes in the RV in the murine model of pressure overload‐induced RV hypertrophy in C57Bl/6J mice. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed the changes of RV structure and function at different time points for a period of 21 days. Pressure overload led to significant dilatation, cellular and chamber hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and functional impairment of the RV. Progressive remodeling of the RV after pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in mice was associated with upregulation of myocardial gene markers of hypertrophy and fibrosis. Furthermore, remodeling of the RV was associated with accumulation and activation of mast cells in the RV tissue of PAB mice. Our data suggest possible involvement of mast cells in the RV remodeling process in response to pressure overload. Mast cells may thus represent an interesting target for the development of new therapeutic approaches directed specifically at the RV.
The Legal Grounds of Irregular Migration: A Global Game Approach
Authors: Naiditch Claire , Vranceanu Radu
Published: March 2017

This paper analyses the relationship between regular and irregular migration taking into account the migration network effect and the network creation mechanism. We assume that migrants can obtain a high payoff only if a critical mass of migrants is reached in the destination country. If candidates to migration receive biased signals about the economic situation of the destination country, the migrants’ decision problem can be analyzed as a standard global game. Tying the quota of regular migrants to the economic performance of countries might create large discontinuities in immigration flows, with some countries attracting the bulk of irregular migrants and the other being shunned by the migrants.
Characterization and adsorption properties of La and Fe modified activated carbon for dye wastewater treatment
Authors: Cheng Song , Zhang Libo , Xia Hongying , Peng Jinhui
Published: March 2017

An effective adsorbent (Fe-La-AC) was synthesized by impregnating mixed solution ferric nitrate and lanthanum nitrate with activated carbon and heated by microwave to remove methylene blue (MB) from dye wastewater. The Fe-La-AC was characterized by N2 adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the existence of Fe3O4 leads to Fe-La-AC having magnetic properties, which makes it easily separated and recycled from dye wastewater in an external magnetic field. After modification, the following phenomena occurred: Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, average pore diameter, and total pore volume decreased; graphitization degree decreased. In addition, the equilibrium isotherms and kinetics of MB adsorption on raw activated carbon and Fe-La-AC were examined. The equilibrium adsorption data indicated that the adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir isotherm, and the pseudo-second-order model matched well the kinetic data. The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe-La-AC is 261.10 mg/g, which increases by 26.38% as compared with raw activated carbon. According to these results, Fe-La-AC is a promising adsorbent for the removal of MB from dye wastewater.
Synthesis of 7-cyanoindolizine derivatives via a tandem reaction
Authors: Zhang Xian-Sheng , Wang Bin , Jia Jiong , Ge Yan-Qing , Wang Jianwu
Published: March 2017

A series of 2-substituted and 2,3-disubstituted 5-cyanoindolizine derivatives were conveniently synthesized by a one-pot tandem reaction under mild conditions in moderate yields. The reaction mechanism was proposed.
Design of Droop-based Control for Power Management in Islanded RL-type Microgrids
Authors: Imran Azim Mohammad , Hossain Jahangir , Pota Hemanshu
Published: March 2017

This paper proposes a new type of generalized droop-based proportional power sharing scheme during load change for parallel inverter-interfaced islanded microgrids, which is an automatic strategy and is independent of any particular nature of transmission lines, i.e., resistive or inductive. Real and reactive powers are shared in proportion to the droop gains by implementing the voltage control law proposed in this paper; in which the inverter-interfaced voltage-sources are kept at equal reference values. The control gains are chosen based on eigenvalue analysis in a way that the system stability is ascertained. The performance of the designed controller is simulated under different microgrid structures such as load variation and various types of transmission lines; in which the results show superior dynamic performance in comparison to the conventional droop-based control strategy.
Effects of peripherally and centrally applied ghrelin on the oxidative stress induced by renin angiotensin system in a rat model of renovascular hypertension
Authors: Boshra Vivian , Abbas Amr M.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Renovascular hypertension (RVH) is a result of renal artery stenosis, which is commonly due to astherosclerosis. In this study, we aimed to clarify the central and peripheral effects of ghrelin on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in a rat model of RVH.

Methods:

RVH was induced in rats by partial subdiaphragmatic aortic constriction. Experiment A was designed to assess the central effect of ghrelin via the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ghrelin (5 μg/kg) or losartan (0.01 mg/kg) in RVH rats. Experiment B was designed to assess the peripheral effect of ghrelin via the subcutaneous (SC) injection of ghrelin (150 μg/kg) or losartan (10 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate, plasma renin activity (PRA), and oxidative stress markers were measured in all rats. In addition, angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) concentration was measured in the hypothalamus of rats in Experiment B.

Results:

RVH significantly increased brain AT1R, PRA, as well as the brain and plasma oxidative stress. Either SC or ICV ghrelin or losartan caused a significant decrease in MAP with no change in the heart rate. Central ghrelin or losartan caused a significant decrease in brain AT1R with significant alleviation of the brain oxidative stress. Central ghrelin caused a significant decrease in PRA, whereas central losartan caused a significant increase in PRA. SC ghrelin significantly decreased PRA and plasma oxidative stress, whereas SC losartan significantly increased PRA and decreased plasma oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

The hypotensive effect of ghrelin is mediated through the amelioration of oxidative stress, which is induced by RAS centrally and peripherally.
Associations between obesity, adverse behavioral patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among adolescent inhabitants of a Greek island
Authors: Garoufi Anastasia , Grammatikos Evangelos E. , Kollias Anastasios , Grammatikos Emmanuel , Stergiou George S. , Soldatou Alexandra
Published: March 2017

Background:

Excess weight, unhealthy lifestyle habits and their sequelae have become a well-recognized public health problem in most countries. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship of adolescent overweight/obesity with behavioral habits and their association with blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile.

Methods:

Anthropometric parameters, lifestyle, BP and lipid profile of 736 adolescents were evaluated cross-sectionally. The classifications of normal weight, overweight and obese were based on BMI z-scores.

Results:

About 42.1% of adolescents were overweight/obese, 11.3% were smokers, 33.2% consumed alcohol and 34% reported low activity. Males began smoking earlier, consumed alcohol more often, exercised less and spent more screen time than females. Alcohol consumption was more prevalent among smokers and was associated with higher BP and dyslipidemia. Smokers exercised less intensely and had lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) than non-smokers. Obesity was a risk factor for higher BP and dyslipidemia. Longer screen time was associated with higher triglycerides, while intense physical activity with lower systolic BP.

Conclusions:

Obesity is related to an adverse lipid and BP profile during adolescence. Clustering of hazardous habits was observed, which is known to aggravate the cardiovascular risk.
Habitat and food utilization by banteng (Bos javanicusd’Alton, 1823) accidentally introduced into the Khao Khieo-Khao Chomphu Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand
Authors: Chaiyarat Rattanawat , Saengpong Suriya , Tunwattana Wanchai , Dunriddach Panisa
Published: March 2017

This research evaluates habitat and forage use by a reintroduced population of endangered banteng (Bos javanicusd’Alton, 1823) in Khao Khieo-Khao Chomphu Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand based on fieldwork conducted between November 2007 and September 2009. Thirteen banteng bred in Khao Kheow Open Zoo were accidentally introduced into the Khao Khieo-Khao Chomphu Wildlife Sanctuary in 1988. Forage species were identified by fecal analysis. The results from field study of showed that the population structure ratio among adults, juveniles and calves was 1:0.5:0.3, respectively. A multiple logistic regression habitat suitability model classified banteng as associated with mixed deciduous forest and agricultural areas (cassava and coconut), at low elevation, distant from human settlements. The kernel density estimate of area use for agriculture was 0.32 km2, and for mixed deciduous forest the estimate was 10.75 km2and 6.2 km2in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. When the wet and dry seasons are combined, the total area use for agriculture was 0.35 km2and for mixed deciduous forest, it was 11.40 km2. Twenty-three forage species were identified using a combination of fecal analysis and direct observation. Fecal specimens contained high levels of moisture and protein. Major risks to the feral banteng population are low genetic diversity, habitat destruction and poaching. These findings are important for possible translocations elsewhere.
Counting the Particles: Entity and Identity in the Philosophy of Physics
Authors: Berto Francesco
Published: March 2017

I would like to attack a certain view: the view that the concept of identity can fail to apply to some things although, for some positive integern, we havenof them. The idea of entities without self-identity is seriously entertained in the philosophy of quantum mechanics (QM). It is so pervasive that it has been labelled the Received View (French and Krause 2006.Identity in Physics: A Historical, Philosophical, and Formal Analysis. Oxford: Oxford UP: 105). I introduce the Received View in Section 1. In Section 2 I explain what I mean by “entity” (synonymously, by “object” and “thing”), and I argue that supporters of the Received View should agree with my characterization of the corresponding notion ofentity(object, thing). I also explain what I mean by “identity”, and I show that supporters of the Received View agree with my characterization of that notion. In Section 3 I argue that the concept of identity, so characterized, is one with the concept of oneness. Thus, it cannot but apply to what belongs to a collection withnelements,nbeing a positive integer. In Section 4 I add some considerations on the primitiveness of identity or unity and the status of the Identity of Indiscernibles. In Section 5 I address the problem of how reference to indiscernible objects with identity can be achieved.
Managing complaints in multilingual care encounters
Authors: Jansson Gunilla , Wadensjö Cecilia , Plejert Charlotta
Published: March 2017

Troubles-telling and complaints are common in contexts of care for older people and need to be managed by care staff in a respectful manner. This paper examines the handling of an older person’s complaints in multilingual care encounters that involve participants who do not share a common language. The data consist of video-recordings and ethnographic fieldwork in a residential home for older people in Sweden that is characterised by a variety of languages and backgrounds. The findings are based on analyses of multi-party interactions involving an Arabic-speaking resident and caregivers with different levels of knowledge in different languages. We focus on complaint sequences when the resident expresses a negative stance (displeasure, anger, etc.) towards some difficult circumstance. Using the methodology of conversation analysis, we analyse the affect-regulating work through which the caregivers attempt to turn a pressing situation into a moment of cheerfulness and intimacy. The analyses bring to light the multilingual practices that the caregivers draw upon in pursuing this work, such as translating and giving voice to the resident’s complaining.
Crystal structure of (S)-benzyl 3-(benzylcarba-moyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxylate, C25H24N2O3
Authors: Samipillai Marivel , Govender Thavendran , Kruger Hendrik G. , Tricia Naicker
Published: March 2017

C25H24N2O3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 9.7404(5) Å, b = 10.0985(5) Å, c = 10.7520(5) Å, β = 98.328(3)°, V = 1046.45(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0252, wRref(F2) = 0.0600, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of (Z)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-S-benzylisothiourea, C24H27ClN2S
Authors: El-Emam Ali A. , Al-Omary Fatmah A. M. , Al-Rasheed Lamees S. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Al-Abdullah Ebtehal S.
Published: March 2017

C24H27ClN2S, triclinic P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.1670(3) Å, b = 12.2734(6) Å, c = 13.1560(6) Å, α = 109.605(2)°, β = 96.515(2)°, γ = 97.312(2)°, V = 1066.08(8) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0515, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1396, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2,3-diphenyl-1-(morpholin-4-ylacetyl)-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one, C26H31N3O3
Authors: Hassan Rasha M. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Aboul-Enein Mohamed N. , El-Azzouny Aida A. , Saleh Ola A. , Attia Mohamed I.
Published: March 2017

C26H31N3O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.8698(5) Å, b = 24.4835(13) Å, c = 11.7890(6) Å, β = 113.024(3)°, V = 2356.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0606, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1597, T = 293(2) K.
Mechanical properties of natural fibre polymer composites
Authors: Sinha Agnivesh Kumar , Narang Harendra K. , Bhattacharya Somnath
Published: March 2017

Extensive efforts have been made in the last decade for the development of natural fibre composites. This development paved the way for engineers and researchers to come up with natural fibre composites (NFCs) that exhibit better mechanical properties. The present review is based on the mechanical properties of jute, abaca, coconut, kenaf, sisal, and bamboo fibre-reinforced composites. Before selecting any NFC for a particular application, it becomes necessary to understand its compatibility for the same, which can be decided by knowing its mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strengths. This review paper emphasises on the factors influencing the mechanical properties of NFCs like the type of matrix and fibre, interfacial adhesion, and compatibility between matrix and fibre. Efforts are also made to unveil the research gaps from the past literatures, as a result of which it is inferred that there is very limited work published in the field of vibration incorporating potential fillers such as red mud and fly ash with NFCs.
Synthesis of Amino-Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Azobenzene Polyimide and its Simulation of Optical Switches
Authors: Cao Tianlin , Zhao Fanyu , Da Zulin , Qiu Fengxian , Yang Dongya , Guan Yijun , Cao Guorong , Zhao Zerun , Li Jiaxin , Guo Xiaotong
Published: March 2017

In this work, an amino-functionalized graphene oxide (AFGO) was synthesized by graphene oxide (GO) and ethylene diamine. A novel amino-functionalized graphene oxide/azobenzene polyimide (AFGO/ACPI) was synthesized with AFGO, azobenzene chromophore and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). The structure, mechanical and thermal property of AFGO/ACPI were characterized and measured by fourier transform infrared, UV-visible spectroscopy, near-infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. To obtain the refractive index of AFGO/ACPI at different temperature and wavelength (532 nm, 650 nm and 850 nm), the attenuated total reflection (ATR) method was used to measure, and thermo optic coefficients (dn/dT) were −7.22×10−4 (532 nm), −6.20×10−4 (650 nm) and −5.84×10−4 (850 nm) °C−1, respectively. The transmission loss of AFGO/ACPI thin film was surveyed using the CCD digital imaging devices and the value was 0.167 dB/cm. According to the thermo-optic effect of AFGO/ACPI film, the 1×2 Y-branch and 2×2 Mach-Zehnder optical switches were simulated. The results showed that the power consumptions of the 1×2 Y-branch and 2×2 Mach-Zehnder optical switches were only 0.63 mW and 1.45 mW. The response time was about 0.5 ms, and compared to the normal polymeric thermo-optic switch, it can improve the response time and contribute to researches of optical switches.
Electrocorticographic Dynamics as a Novel Biomarker in Five Models of Epileptogenesis
Authors: Milikovsky Dan Z. , Weissberg Itai , Kamintsky Lyn , Lippmann Kristina , Schefenbauer Osnat , Frigerio Federica , Rizzi Massimo , Sheintuch Liron , Zelig Daniel , Ofer Jonathan , Vezzani Annamaria , Friedman Alon
Published: March 2017

Postinjury epilepsy (PIE) is a devastating sequela of various brain insults. While recent studies offer novel insights into the mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and discover potential preventive treatments, the lack of PIE biomarkers hinders the clinical implementation of such treatments. Here we explored the biomarker potential of different electrographic features in five models of PIE. Electrocorticographic or intrahippocampal recordings of epileptogenesis (from the insult to the first spontaneous seizure) from two laboratories were analyzed in three mouse and two rat PIE models. Time, frequency, and fractal and nonlinear properties of the signals were examined, in addition to the daily rate of epileptiform spikes, the relative power of five frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta, low gamma, and high gamma) and the dynamics of these features over time. During the latent pre-seizure period, epileptiform spikes were more frequent in epileptic compared with nonepileptic rodents; however, this feature showed limited predictive power due to high inter- and intra-animal variability. While nondynamic rhythmic representation failed to predict epilepsy, the dynamics of the theta band were found to predict PIE with a sensitivity and specificity of >90%. Moreover, theta dynamics were found to be inversely correlated with the latency period (and thus predict the onset of seizures) and with the power change of the high-gamma rhythm. In addition, changes in theta band power during epileptogenesis were associated with altered locomotor activity and distorted circadian rhythm. These results suggest that changes in theta band during the epileptogenic period may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for epileptogenesis, able to predict the future onset of spontaneous seizures.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPostinjury epilepsy is an unpreventable and devastating disorder that develops following brain injuries, such as traumatic brain injury and stroke, and is often associated with neuropsychiatric comorbidities. As PIE affects as many as 20% of brain-injured patients, reliable biomarkers are imperative before any preclinical therapeutics can find clinical translation. We demonstrate the capacity to predict the epileptic outcome in five different models of PIE, highlighting theta rhythm dynamics as a promising biomarker for epilepsy. Our findings prompt the exploration of theta dynamics (using repeated electroencephalographic recordings) as an epilepsy biomarker in brain injury patients.
The Professione di Architetto in Renaissance Italy
Authors: Merrill Elizabeth
Published: March 2017

The Professione di Architetto in Renaissance Italy shows how Renaissance Italian architects used the concept of the professione di architetto as a way to affirm and delineate the character of their occupation. Drawing inspiration from antiquarian models and taking advantage of the humanist ethos, these architects equated “profession” with manual and theoretical expertise, social authority, and the fulfillment of artistic, civic, and moral ideals. Elizabeth Merrill places the origins of architectural professionalism in early modern Italy—rather than in the nineteenth-century movements frequently cited by social historians—and describes the theoretical context for the architect's professional rise. Positioning themselves alongside university-educated professors, architects of Renaissance Italy crafted didactic treatises about their work and created academies for its instruction, foreshadowing a long history of architectural discourse that continues to this day.
Evaluator, Choreographer, Ideologue, Catalyst: The Disparate Reception Histories of Alexander Klein's Graphical Method
Authors: Lueder Christoph
Published: March 2017

The graphical method propounded by Russian German Israeli architect Alexander Klein during the late 1920s evaluates the qualities of architectural plans through a process of diagrammatic analysis following purportedly objective criteria. In Evaluator, Choreographer, Ideologue, Catalyst: The Disparate Reception Histories of Alexander Klein's Graphical Method, Christoph Lueder examines the reception and adaptation of Klein's method. Ernst Löwitsch reinterpreted Klein's analytical notation as choreography of domestic life. Following Klein's forced emigration from Nazi Germany, Frank Gloor rediscovered Klein's graphical method and transformed and adapted it into a scientific method classifying degrees of flexibility. Catherine Bauer disseminated the method to the English-speaking world under a new title, “Functional Housing for Frictionless Living,” which led to Robin Evans's enduring indictment of Klein's diagrams as emblematic of reductive functionalism. Throughout its reception, the graphical method has been viewed at various times as a methodology of scientific evaluation, a choreography of everyday life, an indictment of functionalist ideology, and a catalyst for new working methodologies.
Adiponectin and resistin: potential metabolic signals affecting hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis in females and males of different species
Authors: Rak Agnieszka , Mellouk Namya , Froment Pascal , Dupont Joëlle
Published: March 2017

Adipokines, including adiponectin and resistin, are cytokines produced mainly by the adipose tissue. They play a significant role in metabolic functions that regulate the insulin sensitivity and inflammation. Alterations in adiponectin and resistin plasma levels, or their expression in metabolic and gonadal tissues, are observed in some metabolic pathologies, such as obesity. Several studies have shown that these two hormones and the receptors for adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are present in various reproductive tissues in both sexes of different species. Thus, these adipokines could be metabolic signals that partially explain infertility related to obesity, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Species and gender differences in plasma levels, tissue or cell distribution and hormonal regulation have been reported for resistin and adiponectin. Furthermore, until now, it has been unclear whether adiponectin and resistin act directly or indirectly on the hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis. The objective of this review was to summarise the latest findings and particularly the species and gender differences of adiponectin and resistin on female and male reproduction known to date, based on the hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis.
Modulating Crossover Frequency and Interference for Obligate Crossovers inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMeiosis
Authors: Chakraborty Parijat , Pankajam Ajith V , Lin Gen , Dutta Abhishek , Krishnaprasad G Nandanan , Tekkedil Manu M , Shinohara Akira , Steinmetz Lars M , Nishant K Thazath
Published: March 2017

Meiotic crossover frequencies show wide variation among organisms. But most organisms maintain at least one crossover per homolog pair (obligate crossover). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, previous studies have shown crossover frequencies are reduced in the mismatch repair related mutant mlh3Δ and enhanced in a meiotic checkpoint mutant pch2Δ by up to twofold at specific chromosomal loci, but both mutants maintain high spore viability. We analyzed meiotic recombination events genome-wide in mlh3Δ, pch2Δ, and mlh3Δ pch2Δ mutants to test the effect of variation in crossover frequency on obligate crossovers. mlh3Δ showed ∼30% genome-wide reduction in crossovers (64 crossovers per meiosis) and loss of the obligate crossover, but nonexchange chromosomes were efficiently segregated. pch2Δ showed ∼50% genome-wide increase in crossover frequency (137 crossovers per meiosis), elevated noncrossovers as well as loss of chromosome size dependent double-strand break formation. Meiotic defects associated with pch2∆ did not cause significant increase in nonexchange chromosome frequency. Crossovers were restored to wild-type frequency in the double mutant mlh3Δ pch2Δ (100 crossovers per meiosis), but obligate crossovers were compromised. Genetic interference was reduced in mlh3Δ, pch2Δ, and mlh3Δ pch2Δ. Triple mutant analysis of mlh3Δ pch2Δ with other resolvase mutants showed that most of the crossovers in mlh3Δ pch2Δ are made through the Mus81-Mms4 pathway. These results are consistent with a requirement for increased crossover frequencies in the absence of genetic interference for obligate crossovers. In conclusion, these data suggest crossover frequencies and the strength of genetic interference in an organism are mutually optimized to ensure obligate crossovers.
A Phylogenetic Codon Substitution Model for Antibody Lineages
Authors: Hoehn Kenneth B , Lunter Gerton , Pybus Oliver G
Published: March 2017

Phylogenetic methods have shown promise in understanding the development of broadly neutralizing antibody lineages (bNAbs). However, the mutational process that generates these lineages, somatic hypermutation, is biased by hotspot motifs which violates important assumptions in most phylogenetic substitution models. Here, we develop a modified GY94-type substitution model that partially accounts for this context dependency while preserving independence of sites during calculation. This model shows a substantially better fit to three well-characterized bNAb lineages than the standard GY94 model. We also demonstrate how our model can be used to test hypotheses concerning the roles of different hotspot and coldspot motifs in the evolution of B-cell lineages. Further, we explore the consequences of the idea that the number of hotspot motifs, and perhaps the mutation rate in general, is expected to decay over time in individual bNAb lineages.
Germline Proliferation Is Regulated by Somatic Endocytic Genes via JNK and BMP Signaling in Drosophila
Authors: Tang Yaning , Geng Qing , Chen Di , Zhao Shaowei , Liu Xian , Wang Zhaohui
Published: March 2017

Signals derived from the microenvironment contribute greatly to tumorigenesis . The underlying mechanism requires thorough investigation. Here, we use Drosophila testis as a model system to address this question, taking the advantage of the ease to distinguish germline and somatic cells and to track the cell numbers. In an EMS mutagenesis screen, we identified Rab5, a key factor in endocytosis, for its nonautonomous role in germline proliferation. The disruption of Rab5 in somatic cyst cells, which escort the development of germline lineage, induced the overproliferation of underdifferentiated but genetically wild-type germ cells. We demonstrated that this nonautonomous effect was mediated by the transcriptional activation of Dpp [the fly homolog of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)] by examining the Dpp-reporter expression and knocking down Dpp to block germline overgrowth. Consistently, the protein levels of Bam, the germline prodifferentiation factor normally accumulated in the absence of BMP/Dpp signaling, decreased in the overproliferating germ cells. Further, we discovered that the JNK signaling pathway operated between Rab5 and Dpp, because simultaneously inhibiting the JNK pathway and Rab5 in cyst cells prevented both dpp transcription and germline tumor growth. Additionally, we found that multiple endocytic genes, such as avl, TSG101, Vps25, or Cdc42, were required in the somatic cyst cells to restrict germline amplification. These findings indicate that when the endocytic state of the surrounding cells is impaired, genetically wild-type germ cells overgrow. This nonautonomous model of tumorigenesis provides a simple system to dissect the relation between tumor and its niche.
A Search for Genes Mediating the Growth-Promoting Function of TGFβ in the Drosophila melanogaster Wing Disc
Authors: Hevia Covadonga F , López-Varea Ana , Esteban Nuria , de Celis Jose F
Published: March 2017

Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) signaling has a complex influence on cell proliferation, acting to stop cell division in differentiating cells, but also promoting cell division in immature cells. The activity of the pathway in Drosophila is mostly required to stimulate the proliferation of neural and epithelial tissues. Most interestingly, this function is not absolutely required for cell division, but it is needed for these tissues to reach their correct size. It is not known how TGFβ signaling promotes cell division in imaginal discs, or what the interactions between TGFβ activity and other signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation are. In this work, we have explored the disc autonomous function of TGFβ that promotes wing imaginal disc growth. We have studied the genetic interactions between TGFβ signaling and other pathways regulating wing disc growth, such as the Insulin and Hippo/Salvador/Warts pathways, as well as cell cycle regulators. We have also identified a collection of TGFβ candidate target genes affecting imaginal growth using expression profiles. These candidates correspond to genes participating in the regulation of a variety of biochemical processes, including different aspects of cell metabolism, suggesting that TGFβ could affect cell proliferation by regulating the metabolic fitness of imaginal cells.
Prophage Provide a Safe Haven for Adaptive Exploration in Temperate Viruses
Authors: Wahl Lindi M , Pattenden Tyler
Published: March 2017

Prophage sequences constitute a substantial fraction of the temperate virus gene pool. Although subject to mutational decay, prophage sequences can also be an important source of adaptive mutations for these viral populations. Here we develop a life-history model for temperate viruses, including both the virulent (lytic) and the temperate phases of the life cycle. We then examine the survival of mutations that increase fitness during the lytic phase (attachment rate, burst size), increase fitness in the temperate phase (increasing host survival), or affect transitions between the two phases (integration or induction probability). We find that beneficial mutations are much more likely to survive, ultimately, if they first occur in the prophage state. This conclusion applies even to traits that are only expressed during the lytic phase, and arises due to the substantially lower variance in the offspring distribution during the temperate cycle. This observation, however, is balanced by the fact that many more mutations can be generated during lytic replication. Overall we predict that the prophage state provides a refuge, relatively shielded from genetic drift, in which temperate viruses can explore possible adaptive steps.
Molecular basis of glaucoma and its therapeutical analysis in Pakistan: an overview
Authors: Khan Luqman , Ali Muhammad , Qasim Muhammad , Jabeen Farhat , Hussain Basharat
Published: March 2017

The human eye is an organ of vision. It plays a prime role in life, gives us the sense of sight, and enables to understand about the world around us. Visualization and interpretation of colors, shapes and dimensions of numerous objects is made possible by eye. Inherited eye diseases comprise 1/3 of all reported human genetic disorders. This review will focus on Glaucoma which comprises a predictable visual illnesses concerning optic nerve deterioration and if remains without any cure can result in failure in eyesight. The optical nerve injure comprises deterioration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Glaucoma represents a heterogeneous group of optic neuropathies with a complex genetic basis. These neuropathies gradually reduce vision without warning and often without symptoms. Different forms of glaucoma share some common clinical manifestations that usually include specific abnormal appearance of the optic nerve head, characteristic loss of visual field and chronic painless progression. Glaucoma is a progressive optical neuropathy considered by optical disc changes, nerve fiber film break, and visual field defects. Present-day treatment preferences predominantly targeting at reducing IOP by making use of pharmaceutical means, laser treatment and surgical procedure. Developed conducts target neuroprotection with vaccines, the hang-up of NO synthesis and apoptosis. Attaining a better appreciative of the pathogenesis can support in the improvement of novel handling options and, perhaps, even a remedy for glaucoma. There are more than 1.8million glaucoma patients in Pakistan and almost half of them have already lost their eyesight, permanently, due to delay in diagnosis and treatment. About 90% population in the country has no awareness about this disease, resultantly; more and more people are becoming permanently blind in Pakistan due to untreated glaucoma.