bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Participation de la France à la lutte contre le virus aphteux S.A.T. 1 au Moyen-Orient
Authors: Santucci J.
Published: May 2018

Pour se prémunir contre l’entrée éventuelle du virus aphteux de type S.A.T. 1 sur son territoire ainsi que pour participer à la lutte contre ce virus dans les régions d’Asie et d’Europe où il s’est déjà manifesté, le Ministère de l’Agriculture et le Ministère des Affaires Étrangères français se sont mis, dans le cadre de la Coopération Technique, d’accord avec les gouvernements iranien et turc pour procéder en commun à l’étude du virus et à la mise au point d’un vaccin au Moyen-Orient.

Des expériences faites en Turquie ont montré la haute sensibilité du bétail français soumis à la vaccination obligatoire annuelle contre les virus d’Europe O.A.C. et confirmé le bien fondé des craintes de la France.

Des essais faits en Iran à l’Institut Razi ont amené une équipe française à réaliser en collaboration avec les spécialistes iraniens de la fièvre aphteuse, l’adaptation de la souche S.A.T. 1 à la culture Frenkel et la production industrielle du vaccin spécifique.

Actuellement la France dispose d’un stock de vaccin en Iran. Une première livraison de vaccin à d’autre part été faite à la F. A. O. pour la campagne de vaccination de l’année en cours en Turquie.
Predicting the glass transition temperature and viscosity of secondary organic material using molecular composition
Authors: DeRieux Wing-Sy Wong , Li Ying , Lin Peng , Laskin Julia , Laskin Alexander , Bertram Allan K. , Nizkorodov Sergey A. , Shiraiwa Manabu
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a large fraction of submicron
particles in the atmosphere. SOA can occur in amorphous solid or semi-solid
phase states depending on chemical composition, relative humidity (RH), and
temperature. The phase transition between amorphous solid and semi-solid
states occurs at the glass transition temperature (Tg). We have
recently developed a method to estimate Tg of pure compounds
containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (CHO compounds) with molar mass
less than 450 g mol−1 based on their molar mass and atomic O : C
ratio. In this study, we refine and extend this method for CH and CHO
compounds with molar mass up to ∼ 1100 g mol−1 using the number
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. We predict viscosity from the
Tg-scaled Arrhenius plot of fragility (viscosity vs.
Tg∕T) as a function of the fragility parameter D. We compiled
D values of organic compounds from the literature and found that D
approaches a lower limit of ∼ 10 (±1.7) as the molar mass
increases. We estimated the viscosity of α-pinene and isoprene SOA as
a function of RH by accounting for the hygroscopic growth of SOA and applying
the Gordon–Taylor mixing rule, reproducing previously published experimental
measurements very well. Sensitivity studies were conducted to evaluate
impacts of Tg, D, the hygroscopicity parameter (κ), and
the Gordon–Taylor constant on viscosity predictions. The viscosity of
toluene SOA was predicted using the elemental composition obtained by
high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), resulting in a good agreement with
the measured viscosity. We also estimated the viscosity of biomass burning
particles using the chemical composition measured by HRMS with two different
ionization techniques: electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure
photoionization (APPI). Due to differences in detected organic compounds and
signal intensity, predicted viscosities at low RH based on ESI and APPI
measurements differ by 2–5 orders of magnitude. Complementary measurements
of viscosity and chemical composition are desired to further constrain
RH-dependent viscosity in future studies.
How are NH3 dry deposition estimates affected by combining the LOTOS-EUROS model with IASI-NH3 satellite observations?
Authors: van der Graaf Shelley C. , Dammers Enrico , Schaap Martijn , Erisman Jan Willem
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric levels of reactive nitrogen have substantially increased during the last century resulting in increased nitrogen deposition to ecosystems, causing harmful effects such as soil acidification, reduction in plant biodiversity and eutrophication in lakes and the ocean. Recent developments in the use of atmospheric remote sensing enabled us to resolve concentration fields of NH3 with larger spatial coverage and these observations may be used to improve the quantification of NH3 deposition. In this paper we use a relatively simple, data-driven method to derive dry deposition fluxes and surface concentrations of NH3 for Europe and for the Netherlands. The aim of this paper is to determine for the applicability and the limitations of this method for NH3 using space-born observations of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the LOTOS-EUROS atmospheric transport model. The original modelled dry NH3 deposition flux from LOTOS-EUROS and the flux inferred from IASI are compared to indicate areas with large discrepancies between the two and where potential model improvements are needed. The largest differences in derived dry deposition fluxes occur in large parts of Central Europe, where the satellite-observed NH3 concentrations are higher than the modelled ones, and in Switzerland, northern Italy (Po Valley) and southern Turkey, where the modelled NH3 concentrations are higher than the satellite-observed ones. A sensitivity analysis of 8 model input parameters important for NH3 dry deposition modelling showed that the IASI-derived dry NH3 deposition fluxes may vary from ~ 20 % up to ~ 50 % throughout Europe. Variations in the dry deposition velocity used for NH3 led to the largest deviations in the IASI-derived dry NH3 deposition flux and should be focused on in the future. A comparison of NH3 surface concentrations with in-situ measurements of several established networks (EMEP, MAN and LML) showed no significant, or consistent improvement in the IASI-derived NH3 surface concentrations compared to the originally modelled NH3 surface concentrations from LOTOS-EUROS. It is concluded that the IASI-derived NH3 deposition fluxes do not show strong improvements compared to modelled NH3 deposition fluxes and there is future need for better, more robust, methods to derive NH3 dry deposition fluxes.
Integrating uncertainty propagation in GNSS radio occultation retrieval: from excess phase to atmospheric bending angle profiles
Authors: Schwarz Jakob , Kirchengast Gottfried , Schwaerz Marc
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation
(RO) observations are highly accurate, long-term stable data sets and are
globally available as a continuous record from 2001. Essential climate
variables for the thermodynamic state of the free atmosphere – such as
pressure, temperature, and tropospheric water vapor profiles (involving
background information) – can be derived from these records, which therefore
have the potential to serve as climate benchmark data. However, to exploit
this potential, atmospheric profile retrievals need to be very accurate and
the remaining uncertainties quantified and traced throughout the retrieval
chain from raw observations to essential climate variables. The new Reference
Occultation Processing System (rOPS) at the Wegener Center aims to deliver
such an accurate RO retrieval chain with integrated uncertainty propagation.
Here we introduce and demonstrate the algorithms implemented in the rOPS for
uncertainty propagation from excess phase to atmospheric bending angle
profiles, for estimated systematic and random uncertainties, including
vertical error correlations and resolution estimates. We estimated systematic
uncertainty profiles with the same operators as used for the basic state
profiles retrieval. The random uncertainty is traced through covariance
propagation and validated using Monte Carlo ensemble methods. The algorithm
performance is demonstrated using test day ensembles of simulated data as
well as real RO event data from the satellite missions CHAllenging
Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP); Constellation Observing System for
Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC); and Meteorological Operational
Satellite A (MetOp). The results of the Monte Carlo validation show that our
covariance propagation delivers correct uncertainty quantification from
excess phase to bending angle profiles. The results from the real RO event
ensembles demonstrate that the new uncertainty estimation chain performs
robustly. Together with the other parts of the rOPS processing chain this
part is thus ready to provide integrated uncertainty propagation through the
whole RO retrieval chain for the benefit of climate monitoring and other
applications.
Thermal and climatic zoning for construction in the southern part of Chile
Authors: Verichev Konstantin , Salimova Alisa , Carpio Manuel
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper presents the results of the updated boundaries of thermal zones in
the tree southern regions of Chile, based on the method of heating
degrees-days according to hourly temperature measurements at meteorological
stations in the last decade. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning of
Chile has not updated these boundaries since 1999. Using the Climatic
Severity index method, the relative energy consumption of dwellings was
analyzed for cooling and heating in summer and winter periods, respectively.
The analysis revealed that, within the limits of a single thermal zone, the
energy costs for cooling in the summer period of the same house may differ by
50 %.
Biodiversity and trophic ecology of hydrothermal vent fauna associated with tubeworm assemblages on the Juan de Fuca Ridge
Authors: Lelièvre Yann , Sarrazin Jozée , Marticorena Julien , Schaal Gauthier , Day Thomas , Legendre Pierre , Hourdez Stéphane , Matabos Marjolaine
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Hydrothermal vent sites along the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the north-east
Pacific host dense populations of Ridgeia piscesae tubeworms that
promote habitat heterogeneity and local diversity. A detailed description of
the biodiversity and community structure is needed to help understand the
ecological processes that underlie the distribution and dynamics of deep-sea
vent communities. Here, we assessed the composition, abundance, diversity and
trophic structure of six tubeworm samples, corresponding to different
successional stages, collected on the Grotto hydrothermal edifice (Main
Endeavour Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge) at 2196 m depth. Including
R. piscesae, a total of 36 macrofaunal taxa were identified to the
species level. Although polychaetes made up the most diverse taxon, faunal
densities were dominated by gastropods. Most tubeworm aggregations were
numerically dominated by the gastropods Lepetodrilus fucensis and
Depressigyra globulus and polychaete Amphisamytha carldarei. The highest diversities were found in tubeworm aggregations
characterised by the longest tubes (18.5 ± 3.3 cm). The high
biomass of grazers and high resource partitioning at a small scale
illustrates the importance of the diversity of free-living microbial
communities in the maintenance of food webs. Although symbiont-bearing
invertebrates R. piscesae represented a large part of the total
biomass, the low number of specialised predators on this potential food
source suggests that its primary role lies in community structuring. Vent
food webs did not appear to be organised through predator–prey
relationships. For example, although trophic structure complexity increased
with ecological successional stages, showing a higher number of predators in
the last stages, the food web structure itself did not change across
assemblages. We suggest that environmental gradients provided by the biogenic
structure of tubeworm bushes generate a multitude of ecological niches and
contribute to the partitioning of nutritional resources, releasing
communities from competition pressure for resources and thus allowing species
to coexist.
The competing impacts of climate change and nutrient reductions on dissolved oxygen in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Irby Isaac D. , Friedrichs Marjorie A. M. , Da Fei , Hinson Kyle E.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Chesapeake Bay region is projected to experience changes in temperature,
sea level, and precipitation as a result of climate change. This research
uses an estuarine-watershed hydrodynamic–biogeochemical modeling system
along with projected mid-21st-century changes in temperature, freshwater
flow, and sea level rise to explore the impact climate change may have on
future Chesapeake Bay dissolved-oxygen (DO) concentrations and the potential
success of nutrient reductions in attaining mandated estuarine water quality
improvements. Results indicate that warming bay waters will decrease oxygen
solubility year-round, while also increasing oxygen utilization via
respiration and remineralization, primarily impacting bottom oxygen in the
spring. Rising sea level will increase estuarine circulation, reducing
residence time in bottom waters and increasing stratification. As a result,
oxygen concentrations in bottom waters are projected to increase, while
oxygen concentrations at mid-depths
(3 < DO < 5 mg L−1) will typically decrease.
Changes in precipitation are projected to deliver higher winter and spring
freshwater flow and nutrient loads, fueling increased primary production.
Together, these multiple climate impacts will lower DO throughout the
Chesapeake Bay and negatively impact progress towards meeting water quality
standards associated with the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load.
However, this research also shows that the potential impacts of climate
change will be significantly smaller than improvements in DO expected in
response to the required nutrient reductions, especially at the anoxic and
hypoxic levels. Overall, increased temperature exhibits the strongest control
on the change in future DO concentrations, primarily due to decreased
solubility, while sea level rise is expected to exert a small positive impact
and increased winter river flow is anticipated to exert a small negative
impact.
Dynamics and controls of heterotrophic prokaryotic production in the western tropical South Pacific Ocean: links with diazotrophic and photosynthetic activity
Authors: Van Wambeke France , Gimenez Audrey , Duhamel Solange , Dupouy Cécile , Lefevre Dominique , Pujo-Pay Mireille , Moutin Thierry
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Heterotrophic prokaryotic production (BP) was studied in the western tropical
South Pacific (WTSP) using the leucine technique, revealing spatial and
temporal variability within the region. Integrated over the euphotic zone, BP
ranged from 58 to 120 mg C m−2 d−1 within the Melanesian
Archipelago, and from 31 to 50 mg C m−2 d−1 within the western
subtropical gyre. The collapse of a bloom was followed during 6 days in the
south of Vanuatu using a Lagrangian sampling strategy. During this period,
rapid evolution was observed in the three main parameters influencing the
metabolic state: BP, primary production (PP) and bacterial growth efficiency.
With N2 fixation being one of the most important fluxes fueling new
production, we explored relationships between BP, PP and N2 fixation
rates over the WTSP. The contribution of N2 fixation rates to bacterial
nitrogen demand ranged from 3 to 81 %. BP variability was better
explained by the variability of N2 fixation rates than by that of PP in
surface waters of the Melanesian Archipelago, which were characterized by
N-depleted layers and low DIP turnover times
(TDIP < 100 h). This is consistent with the fact that
nitrogen was often one of the main factors controlling BP on short
timescales, as shown using enrichment experiments, followed by dissolved
inorganic phosphate (DIP) near the surface and labile organic carbon deeper
in the euphotic zone. However, BP was more significantly correlated with PP,
but not with N2 fixation rates where DIP was more available
(TDIP > 100 h), deeper in the Melanesian
Archipelago, or within the entire euphotic zone in the subtropical gyre. The
bacterial carbon demand to gross primary production ratio ranged from 0.75 to
3.1. These values are discussed in the framework of various assumptions and
conversion factors used to estimate this ratio, including the methodological
errors, the daily variability of BP, the bacterial growth efficiency and one
bias so far not considered: the ability for Prochlorococcus to
assimilate leucine in the dark.
Year-round simulated methane emissions from a permafrost ecosystem in Northeast Siberia
Authors: Castro-Morales Karel , Kleinen Thomas , Kaiser Sonja , Zaehle Sönke , Kittler Fanny , Kwon Min Jung , Beer Christian , Göckede Mathias
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Wetlands of northern high latitudes are ecosystems highly vulnerable to climate change. Some degradation effects include soil hydrologic changes due to permafrost thaw, formation of deeper active layers, and rising topsoil temperatures that accelerate the degradation of permafrost carbon and increase in CO2 and CH4 emissions. In this work we present 2 years of modeled year-round CH4 emissions into the atmosphere from a Northeast Siberian region in the Russian Far East. We use a revisited version of the process-based JSBACH-methane model that includes four CH4 transport pathways: plant-mediated transport, ebullition and molecular diffusion in the presence or absence of snow. The gas is emitted through wetlands represented by grid cell inundated areas simulated with a TOPMODEL approach. The magnitude of the summertime modeled CH4 emissions is comparable to ground-based CH4 fluxes measured with the eddy covariance technique and flux chambers in the same area of study, whereas wintertime modeled values are underestimated by 1 order of magnitude. In an annual balance, the most important mechanism for transport of methane into the atmosphere is through plants (61 %). This is followed by ebullition ( ∼  35 %), while summertime molecular diffusion is negligible (0.02 %) compared to the diffusion through the snow during winter ( ∼  4 %). We investigate the relationship between temporal changes in the CH4 fluxes, soil temperature, and soil moisture content. Our results highlight the heterogeneity in CH4 emissions at landscape scale and suggest that further improvements to the representation of large-scale hydrological conditions in the model will facilitate a more process-oriented land surface scheme and better simulate CH4 emissions under climate change. This is especially necessary at regional scales in Arctic ecosystems influenced by permafrost thaw.
Hydrometeorological Data from Baker Creek Research
Watershed, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Spence Christopher , Hedstrom Newell
Published: May 2018

Abstract. It is uncommon to collect long term coordinated hydrometeorological and hydrological data in northern circumpolar regions. However, such datasets can be very valuable for engineering design, improving environmental prediction tools or detecting change. This dataset documents physiographic, hydrometeorological and hydrological conditions in the Baker Creek Research Watershed from 2003 to 2016. Baker Creek drains water from 155 km2 of subarctic Canadian Shield terrain in Canada's Northwest Territories. Seasonal half hourly hydrometeorological data were collected from representative locations, including exposed Precambrian bedrock ridges, peatlands, open black spruce forest and lakes. Hydrometeorological data includes radiation fluxes, rainfall, temperature, humidity, winds, barometric pressure, and turbulent energy fluxes. Terrestrial sites were monitored for ground temperature and soil moisture. Spring maximum snowpack water equivalent, depth and density data are included. Daily streamflow data are available from a series of nested watersheds ranging from in size from 9 to 128 km2. These data are unique in this remote region and provide scientific and engineering communities with an opportunity to advance understanding of geophysical processes and improve infrastructure resiliency. The data described here are available at: https://www.frdr.ca/repo/handle/doi:10.20383/101.026
The chemistry–climate model ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3-MOZ1.0
Authors: Schultz Martin G. , Stadtler Scarlet , Schröder Sabine , Taraborrelli Domenico , Franco Bruno , Krefting Jonathan , Henrot Alexandra , Ferrachat Sylvaine , Lohmann Ulrike , Neubauer David , Siegenthaler-Le Drian Colombe , Wahl Sebastian , Kokkola Harri , Kühn Thomas , Rast Sebastian , Schmidt Hauke , Stier Philip , Kinnison Doug , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Orlando John J. , Wespes Catherine
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The chemistry–climate model ECHAM-HAMMOZ contains a detailed representation
of tropospheric and stratospheric reactive chemistry and state-of-the-art
parameterizations of aerosols using either a modal scheme (M7) or a bin
scheme (SALSA). This article describes and evaluates the model version
ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3-MOZ1.0 with a focus on the tropospheric gas-phase chemistry.
A 10-year model simulation was performed to test the stability of the model
and provide data for its evaluation. The comparison to observations
concentrates on the year 2008 and includes total column observations of ozone
and CO from IASI and OMI, Aura MLS observations of temperature, HNO3,
ClO, and O3 for the evaluation of polar stratospheric
processes, an ozonesonde climatology, surface ozone observations from the
TOAR database, and surface CO data from the Global Atmosphere Watch network.
Global budgets of ozone, OH, NOx, aerosols, clouds, and radiation
are analyzed and compared to the literature. ECHAM-HAMMOZ performs well in
many aspects. However, in the base simulation, lightning NOx
emissions are very low, and the impact of the heterogeneous reaction of
HNO3 on dust and sea salt aerosol is too strong. Sensitivity
simulations with increased lightning NOx or modified heterogeneous
chemistry deteriorate the comparison with observations and yield excessively
large ozone budget terms and too much OH. We hypothesize that this is an
impact of potential issues with tropical convection in the ECHAM model.
The development of the Australian Space Forecast Centre (ASFC)
Authors: Wilkinson Phil , Kennewell John A. , Cole David
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Ionospheric Prediction Service (IPS) was formed in 1947 to provide
monthly prediction services for high frequency (HF) radio, in particular to
support HF communications with the United Kingdom. It was quickly recognized
that to be effective such a service also had to provide advice when
ionospheric storms prevented HF communications from taking place. With the
advent of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), short-term forecasts were
also required for research programmes and the task of supplying the Australian
input to these was given to Frank Cook, of the IPS, while Jack Turner, also of the IPS, supervised the generation of ionospheric maps to support high latitude
HF communications. These two important IGY activities formed the platform on
which all future IPS services would be built. This paper reviews the
development of the Australian Space Forecast Centre (ASFC), which
arose from these early origins.
Channel flow, tectonic overpressure, and exhumation of high-pressure rocks in the Greater Himalayas
Authors: Marques Fernando O. , Mandal Nibir , Ghosh Subhajit , Ranalli Giorgio , Bose Santanu
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The Himalayas are the archetype of continental collision, where a number of long-standing fundamental problems persist in the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS): (1) contemporaneous reverse and normal faulting; (2) inversion of metamorphic grade; (3) origin of high- (HP) and ultra-high (UHP) pressure rocks; (4) mode of ductile extrusion and exhumation of HP and UHP rocks close to the GHS hanging wall; (5) flow kinematics in the subduction channel; and (6) tectonic overpressure, here defined as TOP = P/PL where P is total (dynamic) pressure and PL is lithostatic pressure. In this study we couple Himalayan geodynamics to numerical simulations to show how one single model, upward-tapering channel (UTC) flow, can be used to find a unified explanation for the evidence. The UTC simulates a flat-ramp geometry of the main underthrust faults, as proposed for many sections across the Himalayan continental subduction. Based on the current knowledge of the Himalayan subduction channel geometry and geological/geophysical data, the simulations predict that a UTC can be responsible for high TOP (> 2). TOP increases exponentially with decrease in UTC's mouth width, and with increase in underthrusting velocity and channel viscosity. The highest overpressure occurs at depths or
How dynamic are ice-stream beds?
Authors: Davies Damon , Bingham Robert G. , King Edward C. , Smith Andrew M. , Brisbourne Alex M. , Spagnolo Matteo , Graham Alastair G. C. , Hogg Anna E. , Vaughan David G.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Projections of sea-level rise contributions from West Antarctica's
dynamically thinning ice streams contain high uncertainty because some of
the key processes involved are extremely challenging to observe. An
especially poorly observed parameter is sub-decadal stability of ice-stream
beds, which may be important for subglacial traction, till continuity and
landform development. Only two previous studies have made repeated
geophysical measurements of ice-stream beds at the same locations in
different years, but both studies were limited in spatial extent. Here, we
present the results from repeat radar measurements of the bed of Pine Island
Glacier, West Antarctica, conducted 3–6 years apart, along a cumulative
∼ 60 km of profiles. Analysis of the correlation of bed picks
between repeat surveys shows that 90 % of the bed displays no significant
change despite the glacier increasing in speed by up to 40 % over the last
decade. We attribute the negligible detection of morphological change at the
bed of Pine Island Glacier to the ubiquitous presence of a deforming till
layer, wherein sediment transport is in steady state, such that sediment is
transported along the basal interface without inducing morphological change
to the radar-sounded basal interface. Given the precision of our
measurements, the upper limit of subglacial erosion observed here is 500 mm a−1,
far exceeding erosion rates reported for glacial settings from
proglacial sediment yields, but substantially below subglacial erosion rates
of 1.0 m a−1 previously reported from repeat geophysical surveys in
West Antarctica.
On the need for a time- and location-dependent estimation of the NDSI threshold value for reducing existing uncertainties in snow cover maps at different scales
Authors: Härer Stefan , Bernhardt Matthias , Siebers Matthias , Schulz Karsten
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Knowledge of current snow cover extent is
essential for characterizing energy and moisture fluxes at the Earth's
surface. The snow-covered area (SCA) is often estimated by using optical
satellite information in combination with the normalized-difference snow
index (NDSI). The NDSI thereby uses a threshold for the definition if a
satellite pixel is assumed to be snow covered or snow free. The
spatiotemporal representativeness of the standard threshold of 0.4 is
however questionable at the local scale. Here, we use local snow cover maps
derived from ground-based photography to continuously calibrate the NDSI
threshold values (NDSIthr) of Landsat satellite images at two
European mountain sites of the period from 2010 to 2015. The
Research Catchment Zugspitzplatt (RCZ, Germany) and Vernagtferner area
(VF, Austria) are both located within a single Landsat scene. Nevertheless, the
long-term analysis of the NDSIthr demonstrated that the
NDSIthr at these sites are not correlated (r = 0.17) and different
than the standard threshold of 0.4. For further comparison, a dynamic and locally
optimized NDSI threshold was used as well as another locally optimized
literature threshold value (0.7). It was shown that large uncertainties in
the prediction of the SCA of up to 24.1 % exist in satellite snow cover
maps in cases where the standard threshold of 0.4 is used, but a newly
developed calibrated quadratic polynomial model which accounts for
seasonal threshold dynamics can reduce this error. The model minimizes the
SCA uncertainties at the calibration site VF by 50 % in the evaluation
period and was also able to improve the results at RCZ in a significant way.
Additionally, a scaling experiment shows that the positive effect of a locally adapted
threshold diminishes using a pixel size of 500 m or larger,
underlining the general applicability of the standard threshold at larger scales.
Transformación de una sociedad cooperativa de trabajo asociado en una sociedad laboral. Especial referencia a los fondos de reserva indisponibles
Authors: García Ruiz Encarnación
Published: May 2018

En este trabajo intentamos justificar que en el caso de transformación de una sociedad cooperativa de trabajo asociado en una sociedad laboral, se admita legalmente excepcionar el destino de los fondos indisponibles y se permita aportarlos al patrimonio de la laboral, sobre la base de que ambas son sociedades de economía social, participadas y controladas por los trabajadores, gestionadas democráticamente, aunque una sea de base mutualista y, la otra, una sociedad de capital, cuyos regímenes legales son bien distintos, pero ambas, son sociedades de trabajo asociado, con un fuerte carácter intuitu personae que les acerca a los fines sociales propuestos, independientemente de su forma jurídica. Por lo que su transformación supone más una alteración en la estructura patrimonial de la sociedad que en la estructura personal, dado que la misma persona jurídica, seguramente con todos los socios o con la mayoría de ellos, continuarán el mismo proyecto empresarial, aunque bajo otra forma jurídica de muy parecida naturaleza. A lo que se une que ambas tienen la encomienda por la Ley de Economía Social de preservar y difundir este sector económico y social. En definitiva estaríamos ante una gestión continuada de los fondos bajo otra estructura jurídica.
Aproximación filosófica al problema del bien común
Authors: Herrera Sajid Alfredo
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 61, 1998: 91-100
El impacto de la nueva revolución tecnológica en el tercer mundo
Authors: Lazo M. José Francisco
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 62, 1998: 109-141
Bartolomé de las Casas: el discurso del indio metropolitano
Authors: Fernández Buey F.
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 62, 1998: 201-205
Violencia, cultura y seguridad pública en El Salvador
Authors: Bran Sergio
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 64, 1998: 325-335
Lecciones del estructuralismo
Authors: Sánchez Sonia Ivett
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 65, 1998: 509-525
Kerbo, H.R., Estratificación social y desigualdad. El conflicto de clases en perspectiva histórica y comparada ; Bourhis, R.Y. y Leyens, J. Ph., Estereotipos, discriminación y relaciones entre grupos
Authors: González Luis Armando
Published: May 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 65, 1998: 565-567
Silvopasture in the Caatinga biome of Brazil: A review of its ecology, management, and development opportunities
Authors: Pinheiro Felipe M. , Nair P. K. Ramachandran
Published: May 2018

Aim of study: Silvopastoral system (SPS) involving numerous indigenous trees and shrubs is a traditional land-use system in the Caatinga, but it has little been studied scientifically. Given the importance of SPS as a sustainable land-use strategy in the drylands, this paper examines the attributes of the Caatinga SPS and their relevance to other arid and semiarid regions.Area of study: Caatinga biome, with an area of 0.9 million km2 and a population of 25 million, a unique dryland ecosystem of Brazil.Materials and methods: The paper reviewed the literature on the main characteristics of SPS management of the Caatinga biome and the global perspectives of silvopastoral land-management in semiarid regions.Main results: Guidelines for sustainable SPS management of the Caatinga include maintaining up to 400 trees/ha (40% tree cover) and allowing at least 40% of the available forage to dry up to provide mulch for soil protection. Opportunities for improving the low carrying capacity of the Caatinga are thinning, coppicing, and enrichment planting with desirable tree and understory species. Establishment of fodder banks, promotion of non-conventional feed sources such as cactus, and introduction of grazing animals to orchards and plantations are some other promising interventions.Research highlights: The review highlights the importance of initiating new studies on Caatinga SPS, focusing on the role and potential of various native species and the ecosystem services they provide, in conjunction with relevant social, economic, and policy aspects to better exploit the benefits of the system and facilitate its wider adoption.
Primary and Secondary Total Knee Arthroplasty for Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Stevenson Iain , McMillan Tristan E. , Baliga Santosh , Schemitsch Emil H.
Published: May 2018

The surgical management of tibial plateau fractures can be technically demanding. In younger patients, the mainstay is fixation with cartilage preservation. In older patients with osteoporotic bone, this method has higher rates of fixation failure; in addition, it requires prolonged bed rest or protected weight bearing, which are major challenges in this group. In contrast, total knee arthroplasty performed acutely for primary treatment of tibial plateau fractures has potential advantages for elderly patients, such as immediate stability, early mobilization, and positive functional outcomes with decreased rates of reoperation. Additionally, arthroplasty can be technically challenging in younger patients with previous tibial plateau fractures in whom debilitating posttraumatic arthritis develops. In these patients, old wounds, retained metalwork, bony deficiency, and instability can lead to poorer outcomes and higher complication rates than in routine knee arthroplasty. In both cases, we recommend surgery be performed by experienced arthroplasty surgeons with ample access to a range of implants with varying constraints and the option of stems and augments.
Berecht kwetsbare verdachten a.u.b. alleen volwaardig
Authors: van der Wolf M.J.F.
Published: May 2018

Berecht kwetsbare verdachten a.u.b. alleen volwaardig

Een bekende juridische publicist schreef onlangs dat alleen ‘volwaardige’ verdachten zouden moeten worden berecht door de Nederlandse rechter. Hij beschrijft dat de mogelijkheden die het Openbaar Ministerie ter beschikking staan om op grond van het opportuniteitsbeginsel en procesonbekwaamheid psychisch gestoorde verdachten buiten de strafrechter om te laten opnemen, zelden worden gebruikt. In dit artikel worden ontwikkelingen in juridische doctrine en wetgeving beschreven die zullen leiden tot meer aandacht voor kwetsbare verdachten. Daardoor zullen weliswaar meer kwetsbare verdachten het strafproces in geleid worden maar het betekent ook minder ingrijpende maatregelen om procesonbekwaamheid aan te pakken waarbij een belangenafweging plaatsvindt ten aanzien van het recht op een eerlijk proces. Niet de beklaagden moeten ‘volwaardig’ zijn, maar het proces, namelijk door procedurele waarborgen toe te passen die een eerlijk proces zullen opleveren.
Teixir (i reciclar) paràgrafs. Claus per l'organització del text escrit
Authors: Escandell-Vidal Vistoria
Published: May 2018

Aquest treball proposa una guia pràctica per millorar l'organització dels textos escrits. Les activitats de redacció resulten moltes frustrants per a professors i alumnes perquè, amb l'enfocament global tradicional, no solen produir resultats visibles. Per aconseguir potenciar la capacitat d'expressió escrita dels alumnes és necessari practicar per separat els diferents aspectes de l'organització textual. Després d'algunes reflexions generals sobre l'escriptura, la lògica interna dels paràgrafs i el paper de la gramàtica, s'ofereix un conjunt estructurat d'activitats pautades, cadascuna destinada a enfocar l'atenció en un aspecte concret de l'organització textual. En cada exercici es mostra, a més, que les nocions gramaticals (estructura argumental dels predicats, modalitat oracional, relacions de significat o marcadors discursius) són peces clau per progressar en la capacitat d'organització textual.
La formació dels futurs docents de Llengua Castellana: el lloc de la gramàtica en els plans d'estudi universitaris
Authors: Bravo Ana
Published: May 2018

Constitueix aquest estudi una revisió crítica de la formació gramatical que s'ofereix en els graus universitaris de Llengua Espanyola a fi de conèixer, en termes tant d'hores dedicades com de la naturalesa dels continguts, quina formació reben els futurs professors de Llengua Castellana en una matèria que és central en el currículum de Secundària i de Batxillerat. Un examen com aquest troba la seva justificació en la convicció, àmpliament compartida avui, que hi ha una relació directa entre la formació de l'docent i la qualitat de l'ensenyament, de manera que aquesta serà millor com millor sigui la formació de professor. No és la primera vegada que un treball com aquest es publica, ja que hi ha el precedent assegut per Lázaro Carreter el 1953, però sí que és la primera vegada, per la qual cosa al meu coneixement arriba, que es fa de forma tan detallada i, sobretot , tenint en compte no només els plans d'estudis posteriors a Bolonya de l'total de el sistema universitari públic espanyol, amb l'excepció de la UNED, sinó també i en la mesura del possible la situació en altres disciplines, fonamentalment Matemàtiques.
La gramàtica en l'Ensenyament Mitjà. Competències oficials i competències necessàries
Authors: Bosque Ignacio , Gallego Ángel J.
Published: May 2018

Aquest treball ofereix una revisió crítica de les anomenades competències, presents en diferents textos oficials, la funció és la de determinar quins aspectes d'una matèria han de ser assimilats, desenvolupats i aplicats pels estudiants. Es destaquen aquí la redundància i la vaguetat d'algunes formulacions oficials de l'anomenada "competència en comunicació lingüística", així com la concepció (errònia, al nostre entendre) que els enfocaments comunicatiu i formalista són incompatibles. L'article planteja també una comparació entre les competències associades a les matèries de ciències i aquelles que es vinculen a les de lletres, amb l'objectiu d'assenyalar les asimetries que s'estableixen entre elles i que contribueixen al fet que es consolidi (injusta i injustificadament) un visió no científica de l'estudi de la llengua. Finalment, es proposa un seguit de competències que, creiem, haurien afavorir a les classes de llengua de Secundària i Batxillerat.
A Influência da Inovatividade no Processo de Estratégia de Marketing e o Impacto sobre o Desempenho Organizacional: Evidências do Setor TIC
Authors: Finoti Lucas Lira , Didonet Simone Regina , Toaldo Ana Maria Machado , Da Costa Juliana Conceição Noschang
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar as relaes entre a inovatividade, o processo de estratgia de marketing e o desempenho organizacional de pequenas e mdias empresas. Mtodo: A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com 105 PMEs do setor de Tecnologias da Informao e Comunicao (TIC) e as hipteses foram testadas por meio de modelagem de equaes estruturais com o uso do software SMART PLS 2.0 Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que a inovatividade exerce influncia direta e positiva sobre os sete componentes do processo de estratgia de marketing investigados. No entanto, descobriu-se que somente a nfase em capacidades de marketing impacta de forma direta e positiva o desempenho organizacional. Contribuies tericas: Esse estudo contribui para o entendimento terico das relaes entre inovao e marketing em PMEs. Demostrou-se a importncia da inovatividade para o processo de estratgia de marketing em empresas que enfrentam ambiente dinmico e concorrncia especializada. Evidenciou-se, tambm, que a natureza tcita e idiossincrtica das capacidades de marketing contribui para o processo estratgico, pois torna a imitao do mesmo pelos concorrentes mais difcil, levando vantagem competitiva e, consequentemente, ao desempenho superior. Originalidade/relevncia: Os resultados do presente estudo comprovam que no contexto de PMEs ideias inovadoras no so suficientes para garantir o desempenho organizacional. Ou seja, para atingir o sucesso das inovaes em produto/servio a empresa precisa desenvolver capacidades de marketing como, por exemplo, atendimento aos clientes, esforos de comunicao e imagem de marca.
Consumer-Based Brand Equity of Products and Services: Assessing a Measurement Model with Competing Brands
Authors: Porto Rafael Barreiros
Published: May 2018

Objective: Identifying which brand in a category conveys more or less value to the consumer raises questions about the composition of brand equity measures and the brands that make up the category. Measures to identify Consumer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) may include functional assessments of consumers brand choice and firms brand performance, as long as they embrace competing brands. In view of this, this study comes up with a validation of a measurement model of Consumer-Based Brand Equity for competing brands of products and services, testing for possible moderation (product / service and experienced / non-experienced consumers). Method: Appraising 39 brands, the model was composed of 6 metrics: awareness, perceived quality, loyalty, association, exclusiveness and willingness to pay a price premium. Confirmatory factorial analysis revealed the CBBE structure and multigroup moderation tests showed the comparisons between products and services and between experienced and non-experienced consumers. Main Result: The metrics have convergent validity with very good model fit. The metrics are similar for products / services, but different for consumers with / without experience (evidence of moderation). Contributions: Based on this measure, researchers and marketers can identify whether their brand's performance has been perceived better or worse than that of their competitors. Relevance/Originality: This article is the first to offer a more complete scale to assess the consumer-based brand equity of products and services, allowing the researcher to compare the competitiveness between brands.
Café e Valores de Consumo dos Brasileiros
Authors: Camelo Caeverton De Oliveira , Thomé Karim Marini , Junqueira Ana Maria Resende
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: Analisar o valor percebido do consumidor brasileiro de caf. Mtodo: Por meio de uma coleta de dados com as respostas de 417 consumidores brasileiros de caf, em um primeiro momento levantou-se o perfil da amostra, para depois realizar-se uma Anlise Fatorial Exploratria. Originalidade/Relevncia: No cenrio competitivo contemporneo, o consumidor surge como um elo primordial para o desenvolvimento do agronegcio, logo, durante os ltimos anos, o comportamento do consumidor vem sendo cada vez mais investigado. O valor percebido pelo consumidor tem um papel essencial no comportamento dos indivduos em relao s suas decises de compras. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram que quatro dimenses de valores podem exercer influncia sobre o consumo de caf dos brasileiros: o valor funcional qualidade, o valor funcional preo, o valor social e o valor emocional. Contribuies tericas/metodolgicas: Os valores de consumo podem desempenhar determinada influncia na tomada de deciso do consumidor em relao ao consumo de caf.
Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Toxigenic Fusarium spp. and Deoxynivalenol Secretion in Some Grains
Authors: El-Naggar Medhat A , Alrajhi Aisha M , Fouda Moustafa M , Abdelkareem Eman M , Thabit Tamer M , Bouqellah Nahla A
Published: May 2018

Background: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most important fungal mycotoxins excreted by different Fusarium species in many types of grains and food commodities. It has high damage impact on human and animal immune systems. Objective: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) as an inhibitor for the DON toxin excreted from some Fusarium spp., which were isolated from barely, wheat, and corn grains. Methods: Ag-NPs were estimated on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, using levels of 5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm, while the effect on DON was conducted with ELISA. Tri13 and Tri7 primers were used to evaluate the impact of Ag-NPs on the DNA of tested toxigenic Fusarium isolates. Results: Results revealed that the relative density values (Rd, %) of the isolated Fusarium from barley, wheat, and corn grains were 41.27, 26.47, and 30.76%, respectively. The predominant fungus was F. graminearum and F. culmorum in wheat and barley, respectively. The maximum inhibition diameters used for concentrations were 0.5, 2.8, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.31 mm, respectively. The impact of Ag-NPs on genomic structure was limited. Results demonstrated that Ag-NPs have the ability to reduce the linear growth of Fusarium spp. and eliminate the DON toxin to 34.44, 34.60, and 34.89% at 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Conclusions: Ag-NPs are considered nontransgenic substances, and their impact on Fusarium DNA under tested concentrations has been neglected. Ag-NPs may work as an alternative to fungicides to reduce fungal growth and eliminate DON mycotoxins.
Performance Validation of the Microbiologique MicrofilmTM Test System for AOAC Research Institute Performance Tested MethodSM Certification
Authors: Mai Tam L , Sung Shao-Lei , Shapovalova Anna , Janagama Harish K , Vuong Long , Friedrich Alex , Johnson Dylan , Nadala Lourdes M , Nguyen Van , Nadala Elpidio Cesar , Samadpour Mansour
Published: May 2018

The Microfilm™ Test System is intended for quantitative microbiology and consists of three types of Microfilms for aerobic plate count (Microfilm APC), total coliform and Escherichia coli count (Microfilm TCEc), and yeast and mold count (Microfilm YMC). This study evaluated the performance of the Microfilm Test System against International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods on 20 food matrixes and 2 environmental surfaces. Ruggedness, robustness, and stability were also determined, while inclusivity and exclusivity studies were performed on Microfilm TCEc and YMC. An independent laboratory evaluated the performance on four food matrixes and one environmental surface. No significant differences and high correlation coefficients were observed between the Microfilm Test System and the corresponding ISO methods (ISO 4833-1:2013 for APC, ISO 4832:2006 for total coliform count, ISO 16649-2: 2001 for E. coli, and ISO 21527 Part 1 and Part 2 for YMC) in spiked food matrixes and environmental samples. These results were corroborated by the independent laboratory. Inclusivity and exclusivity studies for Microfilm TCEc showed expected results for all the E. coli strains tested (blue-violet or violet color), while the related coliforms showed the expected blue-green colonies on the Microfilm. Similarly, all 100 fungal strains tested showed typical growth on Microfilm YMC. Exclusivity testing on Microfilm TCEc and YMC showed no growth of nontarget organisms. Robustness and ruggedness studies showed no significant differences in mean difference counts at varying incubation temperatures and times. Stability studies on three lots of the Microfilm Test System showed that it is stable at 2–25°C for 12 months and at 45°C for 6 weeks.