bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liposarcoma of the Spermatic Cord: A Rare Entity
Authors: Parray Fazl Qadir , Dar Rayees Ahmad , Chowdri Nisar Ahmad , Hamid Arif , Malik Rayees Ahmed
Published: April 2012

Primary malignant tumours of spermatic cord are rare. The liposarcoma of spermatic cord is a rare entity and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of forty five-year-old male with huge left inguinoscrotal swelling. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of swelling revealed the diagnosis of a liposarcoma. The patient was subjected to radical orchidectomy and wide excision. Histopathological examination (HPE) of the resected specimen reported a well-differentiated liposarcoma of the spermatic cord and confirmed the diagnosis.
Crystal and Molecular Structure of Bis(2,2‐diphenyl‐N‐(di‐n‐propylcarbamothioyl) acetamido)copper(II) Complex
Authors: Arslan Hakan , Flörke Ulrich , Mansuroglu Demet Sezgin
Published: April 2012

Bis(2,2‐diphenyl‐N‐(di‐n‐propylcarbamothioyl) acetamido)copper(II) complex has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound has been determined from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P‐1, with a = 13.046(2) Å, b = 13.135(2) Å, c = 13.179(2) Å, α= 67.083(4)°, β= 67.968(4)°, γ = 84.756(4)° and Dcalc =1.330 g/cm3 for Z = 2. The crystal structure confirms that the complex is a mononuclear copper(II) complex and the 2,2‐diphenyl‐N‐(di‐n‐propyl‐carbamothioyl)acetamide ligand is a bidentate chelating ligand, coordinating to the copper atom through the thiocarbonyl and carbonyl groups. This coordination has a slightly distorted square‐planar geometry (O1‐Cu1‐O2: 86.48(11)°, O1‐Cu1‐S1: 93.85(9)°, O2‐Cu1‐S2: 94.20(9)° and S1‐Cu1‐S2: 91.21(4)°). The title molecule shows a cis‐arrangement and C–O, C–S and C–N bond lengths of the complex suggest considerable electronic delocalization in the chelate rings.
Chemical Studies on 3,6‐Dichloropyridazine (Part 2)
Authors: Abd El-Salam N. M. , Al Shoaibi Z. Y. , Ahmed G. A.
Published: April 2012

3,6‐Dichloropyridazine (1) reacted with 2‐aminophenol, phenylalanine, acetophenone hydrazone derivatives, acid hydrazide derivatives and amino‐aromatic acids (anthranilic acid and 5‐bromoanthranilic acid) and yield the compounds (2), (3), (4a,b), (5a,b) and (6a,b) respectively. Reaction of compounds (5a,b) with acid hydrazide gave (8a,b). Also, compounds (6a,b) reacted with aromatic amino acid and gave (7a-c).
Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Methocarbamol, Paracetamol and Diclofenac Sodium
Authors: Hafsa Deshmukh , Chanda S. , J. Prabhu Pradnya
Published: April 2012

A rapid and simple high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated at λ=275 nm for simultaneous determination of methocarbamol, paracetamol and diclofenac sodium (lamotrigine as an internal standard) from pharmaceutical preparation. The separation was performed using methanol: water: GAA, in the ratio of 400:600:05 (v/v) as the mobile phase. The detector response was linear in the range of 5 to 45 μg, 3.25 to 29.25 μg, 0.5 to 4.5 μg for methocarbamol, paracetamol and diclofenac sodium respectively. The percentage assay of methocarbamol, paracetamol and diclofenac sodium was found between 100, 99.76 and 99.31% respectively. The described method has the advantage of being rapid and easy hence it can be applied for routine quality control analysis.
Determination of Diffusion Coefficients of Selected Long Chain Hydrocarbons using Reversed‐ Flow Gas Chromatographic Technique
Authors: Khalid Khalisanni , Khan Rashid Atta , Zain Sharifuddin Mohd
Published: April 2012

The reversed‐flow gas chromatography (RF‐GC) technique was used to study the evaporation rate and estimating the diffusion coefficient of samples. The RF‐GC system comprises of six‐port valve, sampling and diffusion column, detector and modified commercial gas chromatography machine. Selected long chain of hydrocarbons (99.99% purity) was used as samples. The solute (stationary phase) were carried out by carrier gas (mobile phase) to the detector. The data obtained from the RF‐GC analysis were analysed by deriving the elution curve of the sample peaks using mathematical expression to find the diffusion coefficients values of respective liquids. The values obtained were compared with theoretical values to ensure the accuracy of readings. The interesting findings of the research showed the theoretical values of equilibrium at liquid‐gas interphase lead to profound an agreement with the experimental evidence, which contributes for the references of future studies.
Synthesis and EPR Studies of Copper Metal Complexes of Dyes Derived from Remazol Red B, Procino Yellow, Fast Green FCF, Brilliant Cresyl Blue with Copper Acetate Monohydrate
Authors: Dharmalingam V. , Ramasamy A. K. , Balasuramanian V.
Published: April 2012

The synthesis and characterization of four new solid dye complexes, CuL2 (L= 2‐[2‐methoxy‐5‐(propane‐1‐sulfonyl)‐phenyl azo]‐naphthalen‐1‐ol, 5‐{[3‐(4,6‐dihydroxy‐[1,3,5]tri azine‐2‐ylamino)‐phenyl]‐hydrazones}‐1‐ethyl‐4‐methyl‐2,6‐dioxo‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydro‐pyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid diethylamide, 4‐{bis‐[4‐(benzyl‐ethyl‐amino)‐phenyl]‐methyl}‐phenol and 7‐imino‐4‐methyl‐7H‐phenoxazine‐1,3‐diamine) is reported. The mode for ligand coordination has been determined by IR and EPR spectra. The carboxyl and amino group of dyes coordinates to the Cu(II) atom as a unidentate or as a chelating ligand.
Phytochemical Investigations of Caesalpinia digyna Root
Authors: Srinivasan R. , Chandrasekar M.J.N. , Nanjan M.J.
Published: April 2012

Phytochemical examination of petroleum ether extract of Caesalpinia digyna root resulted in the isolation of four compounds namely, friedelin, hexacosanoic acid, β‐sitosterol and stigmasterol. These compounds have been characterized on basis of physical and spectral data. All the four compounds are being reported for the first time from this plant
Flotation‐Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Aluminium ion Using Xylenol Orange
Authors: Nekouei F. , Nekouei Sh.
Published: April 2012

A simple, fast, reproducible and sensitive method for the flotation‐ spectrophotometric determination of Al3+ is reported. The apparent molar absorptivity (ε) of the ion associate was determined to be 8.35×104 L mol-1 cm-1. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 1.0‐50 ng mL-1 of Al3+ with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.621 ng mL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) at 10 and 30 ng mL-1 of aluminium were 1.580 and 2.410% (n=7) respectively. The method was applied for measuring the amount of aluminium in water samples.
Stacking Structure of Quinolinium Hydrogensquarate
Authors: Belombe M. M , Nenwa J. , Emmerling F.
Published: April 2012

A new proton‐transfer organic salt, quinolinium hydrogensquarate (C13H9NO4), has been synthesized and fully characterized by single crystal x‐ray diffraction. The salt crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the parameters: a = 3.8290(12) Å, b = 20.960(6) Å, c = 13.802(4) Å, β = 95.452(5)°, V = 1102.7(6) Å3, Z = 4 formula units. The structure consists of uncommon supramolecular neutral dimers which pile up parallel to [100] forming infinite sheets. These centrosymmetric dimers are held together by lateral hydrogen‐bonds whereby two neighboring coplanar hydrogensquarate anions act as a bridge between two terminal quinolinium cations and C‐H…O bridgings interlink next neighboring sheets. The bulk structure of this salt is consolidated by weak π—π interactions within the sheets which are neatly ordered side‐by‐side relative to one another.
Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of New 2‐(1‐Methyl‐4‐nitro‐1H‐imidazol‐5‐ylsulfonyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles
Authors: Letafat Bahram , Mohammadhosseini Negar , Asadipour Ali , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: April 2012

In the present study we report the synthesis and antibacterial activity of a new series 2‐(1‐methyl‐4‐nitro‐1H‐imidazol‐5‐ylsulfonyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles (6a-c). Compounds 6a-c were tested in vitro by the conventional agar dilution method against a panel of microorganisms including gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria. Compound 6b with 5‐(5‐nitrofuran‐2‐yl)‐residue on 1,3,4‐thiadiazole scaffold have shown promising antibacterial activities against gram‐positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis.
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating RP‐HPLC Method for the Determination of Metaxalone in Bulk and its Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Sahu Prafulla Kumar , Annapurna M. Mathrusri , Kumar Sahoo Dillip
Published: April 2012

A stability indicating reverse phase HPLC method was developed for the determination of metaxalone, a skeletal muscle relaxant, present in bulk and its pharmaceutical formulations using gliclazide as the internal standard (I.S). A hypersil ODS C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, packed with 5 micron) in an isocratic mode with mobile phase Acetonitrile: phosphate buffer 3.6 (50:50%v/v) was used at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/ min and effluent was monitored at 225 nm. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.6‐100 µg/mL. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The retention times were 5.13 min and 9.08 min for metaxalone and IS respectively. The extraction recovery of metaxalone from pharmaceutical dosage form (tablets) was >97% and the calibration curve was linear (r2 = 0.999) over the entire linear range. The method had an accuracy of >98% and LOD and LOQ of 0.2 µg/mL and 0.6 µg/mL respectively. The specificity of the proposed method was performed whereby metaxalone undergoes different stress conditions like oxidation, reduction, photolysis, acid and alkaline hydrolysis.
Synthesis, Characterization of Some Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives of 1‐Bromo‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene and Their Antifungal Activities
Authors: Ahmadi Abbas , Nahri-Niknafs Babak
Published: April 2012

Six novel benzimidazole derivatives, 5‐nitro‐2‐phenyl ‐1‐ethyl benzimidazol (5), 2‐ (p‐bromophenyl)‐ 5‐nitro‐ 1‐ethyl benzimidazol (6), 2‐ (p‐bromophenyl‐5‐nitro‐1–cyclopentyl benzimidazol (7), 2‐ (p‐bromophenyl) ‐5‐nitro‐1‐cyclopentyl benzimidazol (8), 5‐amino‐2‐(p‐bromophenyl)‐1‐ethylbenzimidazol (9) and 5‐amino‐2‐(p‐bromophenyl)‐1‐cyclopentyl benzimidazol (10) were synthesized. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were elucidated by using elemental analysis and different spectroscopic techniques (IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy). Some of these compounds showed potential antifungal activities. The biological activity of these compounds as fungicides was tested against Candida albicans, patient isolate Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. The biological activity of four compounds was found to be comparable to that of the commercially available fungicides with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 µg/mL.
New Ternary Transition Metal Complexes of 2‐{[(2‐aminophenyl)imino] methyl}Phenol and Metformin: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: S. Sharma S. , V. Ramani J. , P. Dalwadi D. , J. Bhalodia J. , K. Patel N. , D. Patel D. , K. Patel R.
Published: April 2012

Complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) were synthesized from Schiff base 2‐{[(2‐aminophenyl)imino]methyl}phenol and metformin. The authenticity of the transition metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements, as well as spectroscopic (IR, electronic) and thermal studies. IR spectral studies revealed the existence of the ligands in the amine form in the solid state. The magnetic and electronic spectral studies suggest an octahedral geometry for all the complexes. The metformin acts as a bidentate ligand and Schiff base of o‐phynelendiamine and salicylaldehyde acts as a tridentate ligand. Antimicrobial screening of the Schiff base, metformin and transition metal complexes were determined against the bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium.
Growth and Characterization of Organic Marine Dye Compound: 6‐Amino‐8α‐methoxy‐5‐methyl‐4,7‐dioxo‐1,1a, 2,4,7,8,8a,8b‐octahydroazireno[2′,3′:3,4] pyrrolo[1,2‐α]indol‐ 8‐yl]methyl Carbamate
Authors: Jayandran M. , Balasubramanian V.
Published: April 2012

Single crystals of 6‐amino‐8α‐methoxy‐5‐methyl‐4,7‐dioxo‐1,1a, 2,4,7,8,8a,8b‐octahydroazireno[2′,3′:3,4]pyrrolo[1,2‐α]indol‐8‐yl]methyl carbamate (Mitomycin), an organic marine dye material has been grown from solution by slow evaporation at ambient temperature. The growth of crystals has been carried out at various pH values and the growth was confirmed at pH 6. The chemical composition of the grown crystals was determined by the FTIR spectra. The crystalline nature and its various planes of reflections were observed by the powder XRD. The grain size is found to be 500 microns using SEM studies and the NLO activity of the grown crystal has been checked by second harmonic generation (SHG) test.
Antifungal Activities of Ketoazomethines of Phenyl Glyoxal and p‐Substituted Anilines
Authors: Vats Vishnu , Upadhyay R. K. , Sharma Prathibha
Published: April 2012

A new series of ketoazomethines were synthesized by condensation of phenyl glyoxal (prepared by partial oxidation of acetophenone) with various p‐substituted anilines viz. p-Cl, p‐Br, p‐NO2, p‐(C2H5)2N and p‐CH3. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and H1 NMR. The synthesized ketoazomethines were screened for their antifungal acsutivity against hazardous fungi namely Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria brassicola, Sclerotium and Pythium.
The Role of RSV Infection in Asthma Initiation and Progression: Findings in a Mouse Model
Authors: Han Junyan , Takeda Katsuyuki , Gelfand Erwin W.
Published: April 2012

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract diseases (bronchiolitis and pneumonia) during infancy and early childhood. There is increasing evidence which indicates that severe pulmonary disease caused by RSV infection in infancy is associated with recurrent wheezing and development of asthma later in childhood. However, the underlying mechanisms linking RSV infection to persistent airway hyperresponsiveness and dysfunction are not fully defined. To study these processes in ways which are not available in humans, animal models have been established and have provided valuable insight into the pathophysiology of RSV-induced disease. In this paper, we discuss experimental models of RSV infection in mice and highlight a new investigative approach in which mice are initially infected as neonates and then reinfected later in life. The findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the association between early severe RSV infection and development of asthma later in childhood.
Synthesis of Some 2‐Amino‐5‐substituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole Derivatives in the Acetic Acid
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev
Published: April 2012

An environmentally benign method for the preparation of 2‐amino‐5‐substituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles (1a-n) at platinum electrode through the electrooxidation of semicarbazone at room temperature is reported. The electrolysis were carried out at controlled potential in acetic acid solvent using lithium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte in an undivided cell assembly. Square shaped plates of platinum were used for working as well as counter electrode and a third electrode saturated calomel electrode was used as a reference electrode for the measurement of potential difference between two electrodes during the electrolysis.
RP‐HPLC Determination of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Prajapati H. R. , Raveshiya P. N. , Prajapati J. M.
Published: April 2012

A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP–HPLC) method was developed and subsequently validated for the determination of atomoxetine hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The separation was done by a PerkinElmer Brownlee analytical C8 column (260 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using methanol: 50 mM KH2PO2 buffer (PH adjusted to 6.8 with 0.1 M NaOH), 80:20 v/v as an eluent. UV detection was performed at 270 nm at a flow rate 1.0 mL/min. The validation of the method was performed, and specificity, reproducibility, precision accuracy and ruggedness were confirmed. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.997 for atomoxetine hydrochloride. The recovery was in the range of 99.94 to 100.98% and limit of quantification was found to be 5.707 µg/mL. The method is simple, rapid, selective and economical too and can be used for the routine analysis of drug in pharmaceutical formulations.
Trifluoroacetic Acid as an Efficient Catalyst for the Room Temperature Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1H‐1,3‐benzimidazoles in Aqueous Media
Authors: Mohammadizadeh Mohammad R. , Taghavi S. Zeinakhatoun
Published: April 2012

Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is introduced as a commercially available, inexpensive and effective catalyst for the selective and eco‐compatible synthesis of 2‐aryl‐1‐arylmethyl‐1H‐1,3‐benzimidazoles via condensation reaction of o‐phenylenediamine derivatives and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol/water at room temperature.
Oxidation of Aryl Alcohols by Morpholinium Fluorochromate(VI) on Silica Gel, a Selective and Efficient Heterogeneous Reagent
Authors: Zahra Sayyed-Alangi S. , Sajjadi-Ghotbabadi H. , T. Baei Mohammed , Naderi Sahar
Published: April 2012

Morpholinium fluorochromate(VI), MFC, is easily synthesized by reacting morpholine to an aqueous solution of CrO3 and HF. This reagent selectively oxidizes aryl alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones under mild conditions. Moreover, it is inert towards aldehydes, ketons, oximes, thiols, sulfids, phenols, pyrans, trimethylsilanes, malonates and thioacetamides. The durability, reaction rate, ease of filtration and efficiency of MFC are considerably increased upon its absorption on silica gel.
Melamine Trisulfonic Acid: An Efficient, Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 10‐Aryl‐6,8‐dimethyl‐ 6, 10‐dihydro‐5‐oxa‐6,8‐diazaanthra [2,3‐d][1,3]dioxole‐ 7,9‐diones
Authors: Li Weilin , Luo Qiuyan
Published: April 2012

Melamine trisulfonic acid was used as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the one‐pot synthesis of 10‐aryl‐6,8‐dimethyl‐6,10‐dihydro‐5‐oxa‐6,8‐diazaanthra[2,3‐d][1,3]dioxole‐7,9‐diones by condensation of 3,4‐methylene dioxyphenol, aromatic aldehydes and 1,3‐dimethylbarbituric acid under solvent‐free conditions. Different types of aromatic. aldehydes were used in the reaction and in all cases the products were obtained in good to excellent yields.
Electro‐organic Nuclear Oxidation: Methoxylation of Aromatic Compounds at Platinum Electrode
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev
Published: April 2012

The anodic oxidation of aromatic compounds was carried out at controlled potential in the non aqueous methanol‐KOH system for the purpose of investigating this type of anodic reaction as a new possible synthetic method. The electroorganic nuclear oxidation was carried out at controlled potential electrolysis in a conventional three electrode cell assembly with platinum plate working as well as counter electrode and saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode. Controlled potential electrolysis was carried out in the solvent methanol and the supporting electrolyte in caustic potash. All the spectral and analytical data were found in good agreement with the synthesized compounds.
Spectrophotometric Estimation of Paracetamol in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Nagendra P.
Published: April 2012

A new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of paracetamol has been developed. The proposed method is based on the reaction of paracetamol with iron(III) and a subsequent reaction with ferricyanide in an hydrochloric acid medium to yield Prussian bluish green coloured product with a miximum absorption at 715 nm. There were no interferences observed from the common excipients present in the formulations. The method is successfully employed for the determination of paracetamol in various pharmaceutical preparations and the results have been statistically compared with those obtained by the official method.
Third Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Determination of Copper and Nickel Using 6‐(2‐Naphthyl)‐2, 3‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐ triazine‐3‐thione
Authors: Tehrani Maliheh Barazandeh , Souri Effat
Published: April 2012

A simple and sensitive derivative spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of nickel and copper using 6‐(2‐ naphthyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazine‐3‐thione (NDTT) as a selective analytical reagent was developed. The complexes of metal ions with NDTT were formed immediately in basic media and extracted with chloroform. The zero‐crossing measurement technique was found suitable for the direct measurement of the third‐derivative value of Ni‐NDTT and Cu‐NDTT at 501 and 472 nm respectively. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 1‐30 μg/mL for both cations with different ratios. The limit of detection was 0.26 μg/mL and 0.13 μg/mL for copper and nickel respectively. The within day and between day variations showed coefficient of variation (CV%) values less than 2.80 and 2.97 for copper and nickel respectively. The error of the determination method did not exceed 6.50%. Analysis of alloy sample showed that this method can be successfully used for simultaneous determination of Cu and Ni in real samples.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Some Novel 2, 5‐Disubstituted 1, 3, 4‐oxadiazole Derivatives
Authors: Panneerselvam P. , Ganesh G. Geete
Published: April 2012

The syntheses of series of 2, 5‐disubstituted 1, 3, 4‐oxadiazole derivatives are described. A total of twelve new compounds were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR and Mass spectral data. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity i.e. antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli and antifungal activity against fungus A. nigar. Compounds G5 and G7 exhibited significant both antibacterial and antifungal activity while G2, G10 and G3, G9 showed antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. These compounds were 2, 5‐disubstituted 1, 3, 4‐oxadiazole moiety at position two and five showed reasonable antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Single-Incision Cholecystectomy in about 200 Patients
Authors: Raakow Roland , Jacob Dietmar A.
Published: April 2012

Background and Aims. We describe our experience of performing transumbilical single-incision laparoendoscopic cholecystectomy as standard procedure for acute and chronic gallbladder diseases.Methods. Between September 2008 and March 2010, 220 patients underwent laparoscopic single-incision surgery. A single port was used for 196 patients and two conventional 5 mm and one 10 mm port in 24 cases. All operations were performed with straight instruments.Results. Single-incision surgery was successfully performed in 215 patients (98%). Three patients (1.4%) required conversion to a three-port technique and two patients (0.9%) to an open procedure. Average age of 142 women (65%) and 78 men (35%) was 47 years (range: 15–89), average ASA status 2 (range: 1–3) and BMI 28 (range: 15–49). Mean operative time was 62 minutes (range: 26–174) and 57 patients (26%) had histopathological signs of acute cholecystitis. Eleven patients (5%) developed to surgery-related complications and nine (4%) of these required a reoperation. The mean followup was 331.5 (range: 11–590) days.Conclusion. Transumbilical single-incision cholecystectomy is a feasible and safe new approach for routine cholecystectomy. After a short learning curve, operation time and complication rate are comparable with standard multiport operation. In addition, most cases of acute cholecystitis can be performed with this technique.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of 5‐(o‐Hydroxy phenyl)‐2‐[4′aryl‐3′chloro‐2′azetidinon‐1‐yl]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole
Authors: Gupta Shiv K. , Sharma P. K. , Bansal M. , Kumar B.
Published: April 2012

New series of 5‐(o‐hydroxy phenyl)‐2‐[4′aryl‐3′chloro‐2′azetidinon‐1‐yl]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole have been synthesized and the structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of IR, 1H NMR spectral data. In vitro antifungal activity (MIC activity) was evaluated and compared with standard drugs of ketoconazole. Compounds 3c in the series has shown interesting antifungal activity against both C. albicans and A. niger fungus. In the gratifying result, most of the compounds were found to have moderate antifungal activity.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Paracetamol Mediated by MgB2 Microparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Zidan Mohammed , Tee Tan Wee , Abdullah A. Halim , Zainal Zulkarnain , Kheng Goh Joo
Published: April 2012

A MgB2 microparticles modified glassy carbon electrode (MgB2/GCE) was fabricated by adhering microparticles of MgB2 onto the electrode surface of GCE. It was used as a working electrode for the detection of paracetamol in 0.1 M KH2PO4 aqueous solution during cyclic voltammetry. Use of the MgB2/GCE the oxidation process of paracetamol with a current enhancement significantly by about 2.1 times. The detection limit of this modified electrode was found to be 30 μM. The sensitivity under conditions of cyclic voltammetry is significantly dependent on pH, supporting electrolyte, temperature and scan rate. The current enhancement observed in different electrolytic media varied in the following order: KH2PO4 > KCl > K2SO4 > KBr. Interestingly, the oxidation of paracetamol using modified GC electrode remain constant even after 15 cycling. It is therefore evident that the MgB2 modified GC electrode possesses some degree of stability. A slope of 0.52 dependent of scan rate on current indicates that the system undergoes diffusion‐controlled process.
An Efficient Method for the Transthioacetalization of Acylals and Acetals under Mild Conditions
Authors: Pourmousavi Seied Ali , Hadavankhani Majid , Zinati Zahra
Published: April 2012

A rapid and efficient method for the transthioacetalization of acylals (1,1‐diacetates) and acyclic and cyclic acetals is described. The reaction was carried out using 1‐benzyl‐4‐aza‐1‐azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane tribromide (1 mol%). The yield of the transthioacetalization was high and reaction conditions involve the use of acetonitrile as the solvent at room temperature; isolation is simple and the products are nearly pure.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some 2‐(2’‐(Substituted Phenyl‐4‐thiazolidinone‐3‐yl)‐1’3’‐isoxazol‐4‐yl)aminoquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Ahirwar Mukesh Kumar , Shrivastava S. P.
Published: April 2012

Quinoline a heterocyclic nucleus, played a pivotal role in the development of different medicinal agents and in the field of agrochemicals. Several 2‐(2’‐substituted phenyl‐4‐thiazolidinon‐3‐yl)‐1’3’‐isoxazol‐4‐yl) amino‐quinoline IV(a-k) have been prepared 2‐(substituted arylideneimino‐1’3’‐isoxazol‐4’‐yl) aminoquinoline III(a-k) and tested for their antimicrobial and antifungal activity against different microorganism. The structure of compound III(a-k) and IV(a-k) have confirmed on the basis of their elemental and spectral analysis such as IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectrometry.
A Novel Antimicrobial Phenanthrene Alkaloid from Bryopyllum pinnatum
Authors: Ebere Okwu Donatus , Uchenna Nnamdi Fred
Published: April 2012

Phenenthrene alkaloid identified as 1‐ethanamino 7 hex‐1‐yne‐5I‐one phenanthrene was isolated from the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum (syn. B. calcinum kalanchoe pinnata) a versatile Nigeria medicinal plant. The structure was elucidated using NMR, IR, UV and MS spectral data. Antimicrobial studies showed that the isolated compound successfully inhibited Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. This result authenticates the use of bryophyllum pinantum in phytomedicine for disease prevention and treatment of infections.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles Catalyzed by Preyssler‐Type Heteropoly Acid
Authors: Javid Ali , Heravi Majid M. , Bamoharram F. F. , Nikpour Mohsen
Published: April 2012

A simple one‐pot four‐component synthetic method was reported for the preparation of tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives from benzil, aromatic aldehydes, primary amines and ammonium acetate in the presence of Preyssler‐type heteropoly acid catalyst. This method was proved to be eco‐benign, easy work‐up, convenient, relatively short reaction times and the products were isolated with high yields.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Some 2‐Amino‐4‐aryl‐3‐cyano‐6‐(4’‐hydroxy phenyl)‐pyridines
Authors: Gothwal Priya , Malhotra Gunwanti , Srivastava Y. K.
Published: April 2012

4’‐Hydroxy chalcones were treated with malononitrile in the presence of ammonium acetate under solventless microwave assisted condition to get 2‐amino‐4‐aryl‐3‐cyano‐6‐(4’‐hydroxy phenyl)‐pyridines. The prepared compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity; some of them have exhibited promising antimicrobial activity.
The Inside Mystery of Jejunal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dhull A. K. , Kaushal V. , Dhankhar R. , Atri R. , Singh H. , Marwah N.
Published: April 2012

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are malignant and rare form of soft tissue sarcoma of the digestive tract. The incidence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors is very low Kramer et al. 2005 Jejunal GISTs are extremely rare. Here we present a rare case of jejunal GIST with unusually large size at presentation. The patient presented with severe abdomen pain, exophytic growth, and dimorphic anemia. Surgical resection of the tumor was carried out, and operative findings revealed a 15 × 10 cm growth, arising from serosal surface of jejunum, at the antimesenteric surface. Diagnosis in this case was made by subjecting the resected specimen to immunohistochemical analysis. In view of large size of the resected tumor, and high-risk histopathological features, imatinib mesylate 400 mg once daily was given as adjuvant chemotherapy. Patient is asymptomatic without any evidence of tumor recurrence after six months of postoperative followup. Imatinib as such is recommended in metastatic, residual or recurrent cases of GISTs or which are surgically not removable; however, recent recommendations suggests the use of imatinib mesylate after radical surgery in high-risk cases, because it has shown a significant decrease in the recurrence rate, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also approved the use of imatinib as adjuvant therapy after complete resection of localized, primary GIST.
Increased IgG4-Positive Plasma Cells in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Diagnostic Pitfall of IgG4-Related Disease
Authors: Chang Sing Yun , Keogh Karina , Lewis Jean E. , Ryu Jay H. , Yi Eunhee S.
Published: April 2012

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) (GPA) may mimic IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) on histologic examination of some biopsies, especially those from head and neck sites. IgG4 immunostain is often performed in this context for differential diagnosis with IgG4-RD. However, the prevalence of IgG4+ cells in GPA has not been explored. We examined the IgG4+ cells in 26 cases confirmed as GPA by a thorough clinical and pathologic assessment. Twenty-six biopsies consisted of 14 sinonasal/oral cavity/nasopharynx, 7 orbit/periorbital, 3 lung/pleura, 1 iliac fossa/kidney, and 1 dura specimens. Eight of 26 (31%) biopsies revealed increased IgG4+ cells (>30/HPF and >40% in IgG4+/IgG+ ratio). The IgG4+ cells and IgG4+/IgG+ ratio ranged 37–137/hpf and 44–83%, respectively. Eight biopsies with increased IgG4+ cells were from sinonasal(n=4)or orbital/periorbital(n=4)sites. In conclusion, increased IgG4+ cells are not uncommonly seen in sinonasal or orbital/periorbital biopsies of GPA, which could pose as a diagnostic pitfall.
Observations of the Biology and Ecology of the Black-Winged Termite,Odontotermes formosanusShiraki (Termitidae: Isoptera), in Camphor,Cinnamomum camphora(L.) (Lauraceae)
Authors: Appel Arthur G. , Hu Xing Ping , Zhou Jinxiang , Qin Zhongqi , Zhu Hongyan , Chang Xiangqian , Wang Zhijing , Liu Xianqin , Liu Mingyan
Published: April 2012

Aspects of the biology and ecology of the black-winged termite,Odontotermes formosanusShiraki, were examined in a grove of camphor trees,Cinnamomum camphora(L.), located at the Fruit and Tea Institute, Wuhan, China. Of the 90 trees examined, 91.1% had evidence of termite activity in the form of exposed mud tubes on the bark. There was no relationship between tree diameter and mud tube length. Mud tubes faced all cardinal directions; most (60%) trees had multiple tubes at all directions. However, if a tree only had one tube, 22.2% of those tubes faced the south. The majority (>99%) of mud tubes were found on the trunk of the tree. Approximately 35% of all mud tubes had termite activity. Spatial distribution of termite activity was estimated using camphor and fir stakes installed throughout the grove. Camphor stakes were preferred. Kriging revealed a clumped distribution of termite activity.
In SilicoSyndrome Prediction for Coronary Artery Disease in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Lu Peng , Chen Jianxin , Zhao Huihui , Gao Yibo , Luo Liangtao , Zuo Xiaohan , Shi Qi , Yang Yiping , Yi Jianqiang , Wang Wei
Published: April 2012

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading causes of deaths in the world. The differentiation of syndrome (ZHENG) is the criterion of diagnosis and therapeutic in TCM. Therefore, syndrome predictionin silicocan be improving the performance of treatment. In this paper, we present a Bayesian network framework to construct a high-confidence syndrome predictor based on the optimum subset, that is, collected by Support Vector Machine (SVM) feature selection. Syndrome of CAD can be divided into asthenia and sthenia syndromes. According to the hierarchical characteristics of syndrome, we firstly label every case three types of syndrome (asthenia, sthenia, or both) to solve several syndromes with some patients. On basis of the three syndromes’ classes, we design SVM feature selection to achieve the optimum symptom subset and compare this subset with Markov blanket feature select using ROC. Using this subset, the six predictors of CAD’s syndrome are constructed by the Bayesian network technique. We also design Naïve Bayes, C4.5 Logistic, Radial basis function (RBF) network compared with Bayesian network. In a conclusion, the Bayesian network method based on the optimum symptoms shows a practical method to predict six syndromes of CAD in TCM.
Atypical Presentation of Acute Coronary Syndrome-Not ST Elevation: A Case Report
Authors: Vitulano Nicola , Riccioni Graziano , Trivisano Antonio , Palumbo Carlo , D’aloia Linda , Ricci Barbini Elena , Leone Nino , Placentino Miriam , Cappetti Silvia , Pellegrino Pierluigi , Perrella Rocco , Ferrara Vincenzo , Prencipe Gaetano , Pellegrino Lorenzo , Melchionda Matteo , Vitulano Matteo
Published: April 2012

We describe the unexpected case of a 70-year-old man, with medical history of ischemic heart disease and surgery for aneurysm of abdominal aorta, who comes to the emergency department complaining oflow-back painwithout other symptoms or signs of organic failure. After a few hours we see a deterioration of physical conditions with pulmonary oedema, increase of blood pressure, changing in the ECG pattern, and worsening of left ventricular function with progressive increase of biomarkers for myocardial necrosis. So this pain has revealed the premature symptom of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). After a short time a subsequent cardiac arrest complicates the clinical situation. After resuscitation, the patient undergoes successfully to coronary angiography and performed a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).
Targeting Multiple-Myeloma-Induced Immune Dysfunction to Improve Immunotherapy Outcomes
Authors: Rutella Sergio , Locatelli Franco
Published: April 2012

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy associated with high levels of monoclonal (M) protein in the blood and/or serum. MM can occurde novoor evolve from benign monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Current translational research into MM focuses on the development of combination therapies directed against molecularly defined targets and that are aimed at achieving durable clinical responses. MM cells have a unique ability to evade immunosurveillance through several mechanisms including, among others, expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg), reduced T-cell cytotoxic activity and responsiveness to IL-2, defects in B-cell immunity, and induction of dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction. Immune defects could be a major cause of failure of the recent immunotherapy trials in MM. This article summarizes our current knowledge on the molecular determinants of immune evasion in patients with MM and highlights how these pathways can be targeted to improve patients’ clinical outcome.
Usefulness of FDG, MET and FLT-PET Studies for the Management of Human Gliomas
Authors: Miyake Keisuke , Shinomiya Aya , Okada Masaki , Hatakeyama Tetsuhiro , Kawai Nobuyuki , Tamiya Takashi
Published: April 2012

The use of positron imaging agents such as FDG, MET, and FLT is expected to lead the way for novel applications toward efficient malignancy grading and treatment of gliomas. In this study, the usefulness of FDG, MET and FLT-PET images was retrospectively reviewed by comparing their histopathological findings. FDG, MET, and FLT-PET were performed in 27 patients with WHO grade IV, 15 patients with WHO grade III, and 12 patients with WHO grade II during 5.5 years. The resulting PET images were compared by measuring SUVs and T/N ratios (tumor to normal tissue ratios). Although there were no significant differences in FDG-PET, there were significant differences in the T/N ratios in the MET-PET between WHO grades II and IV and in the FLT-PET between the WHO grades III and IV. In glioblastoma patients, the SUVs of the areas depicted by MRI in the MET-PET were different from those SUVs in the FLT-PET. Importantly, the areas with high SUVs in both MET-PET and FLT-PET were also high in Ki-67 index and were histologically highly malignant. PET imaging is a noninvasive modality that is useful in determining a tumor area for removal as well as improving preoperative diagnosis for gliomas.
Recent Advances in Imaging of Dopaminergic Neurons for Evaluation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Shen Lie-Hang , Liao Mei-Hsiu , Tseng Yu-Chin
Published: April 2012

Dopamine is the most intensely studied monoaminergic neurotransmitter. Dopaminergic neurotransmission plays an important role in regulating several aspects of basic brain function, including motor, behavior, motivation, and working memory. To date, there are numerous positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracers available for targeting different steps in the process of dopaminergic neurotransmission, which permits us to quantify dopaminergic activity in the living human brain. Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system causes Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related Parkinsonism. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that has been classically associated with the reinforcing effects of drug abuse. Abnormalities within the dopamine system in the brain are involved in the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dopamine receptors play an important role in schizophrenia and the effect of neuroleptics is through blockage of dopamine D2receptors. This review will concentrate on the radiotracers that have been developed for imaging dopaminergic neurons, describe the clinical aspects in the assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders, and suggest future directions in the diagnosis and management of such disorders.
A Mathematical Modelling Approach for Systems Where the Servers Are Almost Always Busy
Authors: Pagel Christina , Richards David A. , Utley Martin
Published: April 2012

The design and implementation of new configurations of mental health services to meet local needs is a challenging problem. In the UK, services for common mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression are an example of a system running near or at capacity, in that it is extremely rare for the queue size for any given mode of treatment to fall to zero. In this paper we describe a mathematical model that can be applied in such circumstances. The model provides a simple way of estimating the mean and variance of the number of patients that would be treated within a given period of time given a particular configuration of services as defined by the number of appointments allocated to different modes of treatment and the referral patterns to and between different modes of treatment. The model has been used by service planners to explore the impact of different options on throughput, clinical outcomes, queue sizes, and waiting times. We also discuss the potential for using the model in conjunction with optimisation techniques to inform service design and its applicability to other contexts.
Comorbidities and Concomitant Medication Use in Men with Prostate Cancer or High Levels of PSA Compared to Matched Controls: A GPRD Analysis
Authors: Li Haojie , Hodgson Elizabeth , Watson Louise , Shukla Amit , Nelson Jeanenne J.
Published: April 2012

Comorbidity influences screening practice, treatment choice, quality of life, and survival. The presence of comorbidities and medication use could place patients at greater risks of adverse effects from certain interventions. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study in the General Practice Research Database to better understand comorbidities and medication use in men with or at risk of prostate cancer (CaP). Compared with men with similar age but no CaP, CaP patients had higher incidence of urinary tract infection, impotence and breast disorder, and 2.6-fold higher all-cause mortality. Among men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) but no CaP, the mortality rates were slightly lower, and fewer differences in comorbidities and medication use were noted compared to men without elevated PSA. Many prevalent comorbidities and medications were consistent across groups and are typical of an older male population. These real-world data are broadly applicable throughout the drug development cycle and subsequent patient management.
The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Metastatic Melanoma in the Brain
Authors: Hong Angela , Fogarty Gerald , Izard Michael A.
Published: April 2012

Brain metastasis is common in patients with melanoma and represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. There have been no specific randomized trials for patients with melanoma brain metastasis, so treatment is based on management of brain metastasis in general and requires multidisciplinary expertise including radiation oncology, neurosurgery, medical oncology, and palliative care. In this paper, we summarize the prognosis, general management, and the role of radiation therapy in the management of metastatic melanoma in the brain.
Model‐Free Adaptive Control Algorithm with Data Dropout Compensation
Authors: Bu Xuhui , Yu Fashan , Hou Zhongsheng , Zhang Hongwei
Published: April 2012

The convergence of model‐free adaptive control (MFAC) algorithm can be guaranteed when the system is subject to measurement data dropout. The system output convergent speed gets slower as dropout rate increases. This paper proposes a MFAC algorithm with data compensation. The missing data is first estimated using the dynamical linearization method, and then the estimated value is introduced to update control input. The convergence analysis of the proposed MFAC algorithm is given, and the effectiveness is also validated by simulations. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can compensate the effect of the data dropout, and the better output performance can be obtained.
Lack of Association between Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Inherited Thrombophilia in a Group of Colombian Patients
Authors: Cardona Henry , Castañeda Serguei A. , Cardona Maya Wálter , Alvarez Leonor , Gómez Joaquín , Gómez Jorge , Torres José , Tobón Luis , Bedoya Gabriel , Cadavid Ángela P.
Published: April 2012

Studies have shown an association between recurrent pregnancy loss and inherited thrombophilia in Caucasian populations, but there is insufficient knowledge concerning triethnic populations such as the Colombian. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether inherited thrombophilia is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Methods. We conducted a case-control study of 93 patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (cases) and 206 healthy multiparous women (controls) in a Colombian subpopulation. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers of the inherited thrombophilias factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. Activated protein C resistance and plasma levels of antithrombin, protein C, and protein S were also measured. Results. The frequency of thrombophilia-associated SNPs, activated protein C resistance, and anticoagulant protein deficiencies, was low overall, except for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T SNP. The differences between patients and controls had no statistical significance. Conclusion. Our study confirms the low prevalence of inherited thrombophilias in non-Caucasian populations and it is unlikely that the tested thrombophilias play a role in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss in this Colombian population.
I111n-Labeled Cystine-Knot Peptides Based on the Agouti-Related Protein for Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Jiang Lei , Miao Zheng , Kimura Richard H. , Silverman Adam P. , Ren Gang , Liu Hongguang , Lu Hankui , Cochran Jennifer R. , Cheng Zhen
Published: April 2012

Agouti-related protein (AgRP) is a 4-kDa cystine-knot peptide of human origin with four disulfide bonds and four solvent-exposed loops. The cell adhesion receptor integrinαvβ3is an important tumor angiogenesis factor that determines the invasiveness and metastatic ability of many malignant tumors. AgRP mutants have been engineered to bind to integrinαvβ3with high affinity and specificity using directed evolution. Here, AgRP mutants 7C and 6E were radiolabeled with111In and evaluated forin vivotargeting of tumor integrinαvβ3receptors. AgRP peptides were conjugated to the metal chelator 1, 4, 7, 10-tetra-azacyclododecane- N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and radiolabeled with111In. The stability of the radiopeptides111In-DOTA-AgRP-7C and111In-DOTA-AgRP-6E was tested in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and mouse serum, respectively. Cell uptake assays of the radiolabeled peptides were performed in U87MG cell lines. Biodistribution studies were performed to evaluate thein vivoperformance of the two resulting probes using mice bearing integrin-expressing U87MG xenograft tumors. Both AgRP peptides were easily labeled with111In in high yield and radiochemical purity (>99%). The two probes exhibited high stability in phosphate-buffered saline and mouse serum. Compared with111In-DOTA-AgRP-6E,111In-DOTA-AgRP-7C showed increased U87MG tumor uptake and longer tumor retention (5.74±1.60and1.29±0.02%ID/g at 0.5 and 24 h, resp.), which was consistent with measurements of cell uptake. Moreover, the tumor uptake of111In-DOTA-AgRP-7C was specifically inhibited by coinjection with an excess of the integrin-binding peptidomimetic c(RGDyK). Thus,111In-DOTA-AgRP-7C is a promising probe for targeting integrinαvβ3positive tumors in living subjects.