bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automating Teacher Work? A History of the Politics of Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Education
Authors: Rensfeldt Annika Bergviken , Rahm Lina
Published: October 2022

The debate on automation in education is also a debate on teachers’ work. Throughout history, promises of labor-saving and efficient automation technologies have been repeatedly promoted, while research at the same time has rather argued that automations will always depend on extensive human labor. In this study, we historicize how automation in education has been related to teachers’ work and with what implications. Based on Sweden’s long history of educational technology, we have drawn on digital and archival materials published from 1957 to the present. By contrasting the policy elements on automation and artificial intelligence (AI) across the past several decades, we show how debates and technologies are dynamically established and naturalized over time, which also risk silencing the critical debates on what the politics of automation and AI means for teachers’ work and for public education. We conclude not only that the automation debate aligns with familiar ‘techno-solutionist’ educational technology histories, including forms of resistance on the technological uptake in education and society, but also that the scale and impact of automation are shifting with the technologies for automation and global platform infrastructures integrated into education. Consequently, one of the main questions is how the critical debate on automating teacher work and education is made possible even under such circumstances.
The opportunity costs of the politics of division and disinformation in the context of the twenty-first century security deficit
Authors: Pierce Glenn L. , Holland Curtis C. , Cleary Paul F. , Rabrenovic Gordana
Published: October 2022

In the context of increasingly dynamic global threats to security, which exceed current institutional capabilities to address them, this paper examines the influence of actors with insular interests who seek to leverage anxieties, grievances and disinformation for their own advantage at the expense of the public. Such actors have a common interest in political dysfunction as a means of reducing institutional controls and oversite and use combinations of divisive messaging and disinformation to advance societally suboptimal goals. We first examine the emergence of a security deficit arising from globalization, climate change, and society’s failure to develop the institutions and norms necessary to address the threats produced by these combined phenomena. We then analyze how the politics of division and disinformation have undermined the ability of political and social systems to adapt to the new global threat landscape, employing a conceptual framework that integrates perspectives from sociology and political studies with advances in the cognitive sciences and psychology. Included in the analysis is an examination of the psychological and cognitive foundations of divisive politics and disinformation strategies employed by opportunistic actors to manipulate existing cultural biases and disinform the public of the genuine threats to their well-being. Finally, we provide examples of the interaction of the aforementioned dynamics and concomitant societal opportunity costs resulting from politically fueled division and disinformation. The paper intends to integrate insights from distinct disciplines (sociology, political science, political economy, psychology and cognitive science) to construct a new conceptual framework for understanding obstacles to addressing twenty-first century global threats, and identify gaps in the capacity of dominant security paradigms to fully recognize and assess such threats.
Novel crystalline reduced graphene oxide/adhesive nanocomposites for enhanced electrical, thermal, dielectric properties and electromagnetic energy absorption application
Authors: Khan Adil , Sarfraz Saima , Rahman Ata Ur , Muhammad Sayyar
Published: October 2022

At present times electromagnetic (EM) pollution is increasing due to a lot of progress and achievements in the electronics field. There is a dire need to develop materials that have greater EM energy absorption/emission properties. We report here the synthesis of a nanocomposite of carbonaceous material, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with Chloroprene (CP) grafted polymethyl methacrylate (CP-g-pMMA), i.e. rGO/CP-g-pMMA. FTIR confirms the grafting of Chloroprene rubber and the presence of rGO. XRD shows the crystallinity of rGO alone and in the composites as well. SEM images showed smooth texture for neat polymer while nanocomposite showed a leafy appearance of the reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The viscosity of pure CP was 3740 cps while CP-g-pMMA was 1644 cps. A slight decrease was observed after the addition of rGO. Enhancement in thermal properties from 264 °C to 269 °C showed that the composites were thermally more stable than the virgin CP and CP-g-pMMA. The permittivity and alternating current conductivity were checked by Radio Frequency (RF) impedance and material analyzer in the range of (1–1000 MHz) X-band and (1–3 GHz) S-band. The nanocomposites showed the lowest percolation (0.32 vol. %) yet reported. The nanocomposites showed low real and absolute permittivity. The electrical and permittivity analysis of the rGO/CP-g-pMMA nanocomposites revealed that they can be potential candidates for their applications in electronic devices as an absorber.
Impact of implementing of Custom Surgical Tray (CST) in ACLR procedure on Sustainable Development (SD)
Authors: Mouarbes Dany , Dubois Marie , Garde Emilie , Raspaud Anne , Etterlen Agnès , Sarah Durand , Fabrice Herin , Cavaignac Etienne
Published: October 2022

Highlights
Gender discrimination in surgery: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Karam Alvina , Khan Mohammad Daanyaal , Khan Bakht Danyal , Rahman Asad , Aziz Sardar Shameer , Karam Ahmad Sharjeel , Karam Abdul Moez , Aamir Muhammad Salman , Arif Amina , Khan Mahnoor
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction

Gender discrimination (GD) like in all workplaces has been a grievous part of the medical field from the beginning with the surgical side suffering the brunt of it.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of gender bias and perceptions of gender disparities affecting the careers of surgeons in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan and map out both the male and female perspectives on the means for experiencing such discrimination.

Materials and methods

A single-centered cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan from Dec 2021 to Feb 2022 using convenience sampling.

Results

The response rate was 32% in our survey. In our analysis, among those who responded in each specialty, 59% agreed to experiencing gender discrimination in General Surgery, 57% in Cardiothoracic Surgery, 54% in Ophthalmology, 30% in Otolaryngology, and 50% in Orthopedic surgery. A greater percentage of female surgeons ‘agreed’ to experiencing GD in comparison to male surgeons in their career (31.25% vs 27.08%). Additionally, our study also concluded that 10.42% of male and 9.38% of female doctors did not experience GD while training.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the discriminatory areas for each gender in surgery and conclude that we must view gender as a primary root factor that predetermines and shapes health systems and outcomes. Most of the problems created by discrimination for different age groups were career advancement, OR opportunities, leadership roles, the difference in mentorship, and a lack of respect in the team.

Highlights
Heiner Goebbels and Curatorial Composing after Cage
Authors: McKeon Ed
Published: October 2022

This Element introduces the notion of curatorial composing to account for certain musical practices that emerged from the 1960s as the founding concepts of music as an art – instituted in the modern era – were systematically dismantled. It raises the key question of how musical value and authority might be produced without recourse to an external principle, origin, transcendental framework, or other foundation. It argues that these practices do not dismiss the issue of value or simply relativise it but shift the paradigm to a curatorial concern for composing public encounters and staging events. The Element shows that Lydia Goehr's elaboration of the work-concept provides a framework that was transformed by John Cage in his work from 0'00” (1962) onwards. The Element then introduces Heiner Goebbels' practice and focus on his role as Artistic Director of the Ruhrtriennale (2012–14), which it argues was an extension of his curatorial composing.
Factors Affecting Paramedic Response Readiness to CBRN Threats in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Novack Zachary , Novack Lewis , Davidson Robert , Shenhar Gili , Bodas Moran
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To determine factors associated with increased response readiness to CBRN threats of paramedics in Ontario, Canada.

Methods:

An internet-based survey was distributed via email and delivered at the start of each shift presentation during October, 2019. The target population was active-duty paramedics in the Ontario region of Canada. The survey was comprised of 6 sections pertaining to demographics, attitudinal components of risk perception, self-efficacy, deployment concerns, and resilience. Survey mean, univariate, and multivariate regression analyses were used to find the individual effect of each variable.

Results:

The univariate analysis indicated that higher response readiness was associated with additional training, education, CBRN, and family concerns, and incident experience. However, some variables were non-significant in the multivariate analysis. Increased response readiness was associated with CBRN concerns and training.

Conclusion:

CBRN concerns and focused training regarding terrorism were both associated with increased response readiness. The information from the study can be used to build upon existing knowledge and support paramedics though training and preparation for CBRN specific disasters. The findings may also be used to improve current competency-based frameworks focused on response readiness.
The Enemy Within? Article 259 TFEU and the EU’s Rule of Law Crisis
Authors: Íñiguez Guillermo
Published: October 2022

This article explores the role which Member State-led infringement proceedings can play in overcoming the EU’s rule of law crisis, and hypothesizes that it can prove helpful in breaking the current impasse. It begins by understanding why the EU’s “traditional” rule of law enforcement mechanisms—such as Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the recent rule of law conditionality regulation—have failed (Section 2), before exploring how infringement proceedings operate, what their shortcomings are, and why Scheppele’s proposed “systemic infringement proceedings” are important (Section 3). It then seeks to apply said findings to the rule of law crisis, using two recent developments as an example: The oral proceedings of Commission v. Poland (Régime disciplinaire des juges) and a recent vote by the Dutch Parliament compelling its government to take Poland before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) (Section 4). Finally, it explores the broader constitutional implications of relying on Article 259 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) to overcome the rule of law crisis: It discusses Kochenov’s notion of “biting intergovernmentalism”, what Article 259 illustrates about the European Union’s (EU) hybrid constitution, and how intergovernmental legal instruments can facilitate further European integration (Section 5). It concludes by restating and summing up article’s hypothesis.
Promoting Constitutional Literacy: What Role for Courts?
Authors: De Visser Maartje
Published: October 2022

This article explores the role of constitutional judges in advancing constitutional literacy, understood as knowledge relating to the functioning of the constitutional order. Part of the inquiry is descriptive and geared towards identifying the modalities that courts today use to cultivate such literacy among the public, or segments thereof. The article also poses normative questions about literacy-boosting efforts. How do these relate to “typical” judicial functions? Are courts well-placed and equipped to disseminate constitutional knowledge? Based on an analysis of judicial practices, it is suggested that lay individuals are increasingly treated as a key constituency by courts, warranting the development of specially curated initiatives crafted with the values of inclusion, accessibility, and transparency in mind. This manifests notably in a turn to social media use and an incipient embrace of legal design thinking. The available literacy-boosting modalities are not without flaws, however, and we should be cognizant of limits regarding what can realistically be expected of courts in furthering popular constitutional knowledge. Notwithstanding room for improvement in the design and delivery of constitutional literacy, the existing judicial efforts when viewed in their entirety should be evaluated positively as making a meaningful contribution in meeting people’s interests in greater constitutional knowledge.
“Good” Court-Packing? The Paradoxes of Constitutional Repair in Contexts of Democratic Decay
Authors: Daly Tom Gerald
Published: October 2022

U.S. debates on reforming the Supreme Court, including controversial arguments to break the norm against court-packing to repair the democratic system, have generally focused on historical precedents and the domestic system, with scant comparative analysis. However, the U.S. debate raises fundamental questions for comparative constitutional lawyers regarding the paradoxes of constitutional repair in contexts of democratic decay, framed here as a distinct category of constitutional transition. This study argues that sharpening our analytical tools for understanding such reforms requires a novel comparative and theoretical approach valorizing the experiences of Global South states and drawing on, and connecting, insights across four overlapping research fields: Democratic decay, democratization, constitution-building, and transitional justice. The article accordingly pursues comparative analysis of the legitimacy of court-packing through case-studies of Turkey and Argentina to offer a five-dimensional analytical framework: (i) democratic context; (ii) articulated reform purpose; (iii) reform options; (iv) reform process; and (v) repetition risk. In doing so, this article seeks not to present a rigid check-list for evaluating the legitimacy of contested reforms, but rather, to foreground important dimensions of reforms aimed at reversing democratic decay as an emergent global challenge for public law meriting closer attention.
Finite-amplitude elastic waves in viscoelastic channel flow from large to zero Reynolds number
Authors: Buza Gergely , Beneitez Miguel , Page Jacob , Kerswell Rich R.
Published: October 2022

Using branch continuation in the FENE-P model, we show that finite-amplitude travelling waves borne out of the recently discovered linear instability of viscoelastic channel flow (Khalid et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 915, 2021, A43) are substantially subcritical reaching much lower Weissenberg (

$Wi$

) numbers than on the neutral curve at a given Reynolds (

$Re$

) number over

$Re \in [0,3000]$

. The travelling waves on the lower branch are surprisingly weak indicating that viscoelastic channel flow is susceptible to (nonlinear) instability triggered by small finite-amplitude disturbances for

$Wi$

and

$Re$

well below the neutral curve. The critical

$Wi$

for these waves to appear in a saddle node bifurcation decreases monotonically from, for example,

$\approx 37$

at

$Re=3000$

down to

$\approx 7.5$

at

$Re=0$

at the solvent-to-total-viscosity ratio

$\beta =0.9$

. In this latter creeping flow limit, we also show that these waves exist at

$Wi \lesssim 50$

for higher polymer concentrations,

$\beta \in [0.5,0.97)$

, where there is no known linear instability. Our results therefore indicate that these travelling waves, found in simulations and named ‘arrowheads’ by Dubief et al. (Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 7, 2022, 073301), exist much more generally in

$(Wi,Re, \beta )$

parameter space than their spawning neutral curve and, hence, can either directly, or indirectly through their instabilities, influence the dynamics seen far away from where the flow is linearly unstable. Possible connections to elastic and elasto-inertial turbulence are discussed.
Nutrition and health-seeking practices during pregnancy and lactation and potential strategies to increase micronutrient intakes among women in northern Lao PDR
Authors: Smith Taryn J. , Sitthideth Dalaphone , Tan Xiuping , Arnold Charles D. , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Hess Sonja Y.
Published: October 2022

Access to and utilisation of antenatal care (ANC) is important for optimising health and nutrition during pregnancy. This study aimed to assess adherence to and factors associated with ANC and antenatal supplement use among Laotian women, and consider culturally appropriate strategies to increase micronutrient intakes. Mother–child (aged 21 d to <18 months) dyads (n699) enrolled in a hospital-based prospective cohort study with the community comparison group in Luang Prabang province were interviewed about their antenatal history, supplement use, household sociodemographic and dietary practices, including postpartum food avoidances. Ninety percent of women (mean age 24⋅7 ± 6⋅3 years) reported receiving ANC during their pregnancy, with the majority reporting four to seven contacts, while 84⋅6 and 17⋅3 % reported supplement use during pregnancy and lactation, respectively. Adequate ANC contacts (≥8) and supplement use was more likely among women with complete primary education and from higher socioeconomic status households, and less likely among women belonging to ethnic minority populations and those who delivered their child at home. All women continued to consume salt while adhering to postpartum food avoidances; however, 58⋅5 and 38⋅7 % of habitual consumers restricted fish and soy sauces, respectively. Eighty-six percent of women reported they would be willing to take supplements when adhering to postpartum dietary restrictions. Overall, women's reported ANC attendance and antenatal supplement use was suboptimal. Understanding predictors of and barriers to ANC and supplement use may help implement effective public health strategies to improve adherence. Alongside targeted supplementation, salt fortification with micronutrients may be a viable population-wide intervention that needs further evaluation.
Class, Ethnicity, Age or Education: What Characteristics Determine Citizens' Sense of Political Commonality?
Authors: Titelman Noam
Published: October 2022

We know from election studies which demographic characteristics best predict vote choice, but we know far less about how citizens perceive their similarity to one another in terms of these characteristics. Previous research suggests that such perceptions may be crucial for the politicization of social identities and the emergence of political identities. I present results from a novel measurement strategy where respondents are presented with the profiles of two fellow citizens, including several demographic attributes. Respondents are asked which of the two they perceive themselves to have more in common with in terms of politics. Respondents' implicit trade-off of different demographic similarities allows me to measure the relative strength of their perceived political similarities. I find an important role for shared ethnicity, noticeably surpassing shared social class, age and education. Finally, I find that shared ethnicity receives substantially more weight among 2017 Conservative and 2016 Leave voters than among Labour and Remain voters.
Pashtun homelands in an Indo-Afghan hagiographical collection
Authors: Pelevin Mikhail
Published: October 2022

The article explores the ethnocultural aspects and ideological implications of a hagiographical collection from the Tārīkh-i Khānjahānī wa Makhzan-i Afghānī (1613), a book on the general history of the Pashtuns compiled in the Indo-Afghan diaspora. This article primarily focuses on the stories that either presumably originate from or directly relate in content to Pashtun tribal areas to the west of the Indus. Being foremost a supplement to the Tārīkh-i Khānjahānī’s genealogical section, the hagiographical anthology was included in this book to highlight and illustrate the idea of the Pashtuns’ continuous adherence to Islam throughout many centuries. However, its narratives suggest that Islamic traditions in the Pashtuns’ collective memory can be traced back as far as the turn of the thirteenth century. While the genealogies maintained the principle of patrilineal descent as the basic attribute of Pashtun identity, the hagiographies affirmed the profession of Islamic faith as another integral component of this identity and also brought to light its linguistic criterion. One of the article’s sections offers a survey of the cases where the Pashto language as well as Pashto lexemes and phrases are mentioned in the Persian text of the hagiographies. The article also attempts to locate the Tārīkh-i Khānjahānī’s hagiographical collection among similar works in Indo-Persian literature; it also considers such still-understudied issues as the emergence of spiritual lineages in Pashtun tribes and the entwining of folklore and conventional Islamic elements in the stories about Pashtun religious leaders.
Towards a More Intimate Understanding of Black Female Lives in Slavery
Authors: Vanneste Tijl
Published: October 2022

Historians working on slavery always must perform a balancing act between narrating the atrocities of oppression and the possibilities of resistance to and escape from it. The three books under review all do a wonderful job in showing us a way out of this conundrum. Jessica Johnson and Sophie White do so by analysing the intimate lives of enslaved women in early modern New Orleans and West Africa (Johnson) and enslaved women and men in Louisiana (White), while Stella Dadzie looks at the means of resistance taken by the enslaved in the British Atlantic world. Their work allows us to better understand the historical reality of slavery as it applied to at least 15 million people, while stressing the notion that the historical actors whose voices were recovered, were first of all humans, all of them different, and all of them, in their own way, able to deal with the horrors imposed on them – by being intimate with their peers, by running away, or by fighting their oppressors.
‘When They Fight Back’: A cinematic archive of animal resistance and world wars
Authors: Whitehall Geoffrey
Published: October 2022

Since humanity is no longer the epistemological, ontological, or moral measure of all things, then (how) should international political theorists rethink animal politics? The archive ‘When They Fight Back’ records incidences of when animals ‘fought back’. It explores ways of conceptualising resistance and the implications of broadening the concept to include non-human actors via three findings: (1) Animal conflicts are everywhere and classifying them as revolt, reaction, and resistance is a creative exercise that encourages reflections about interspecies relations; (2) Most animal/human conflicts are not treated as ‘conflicts’. Instead, they are normalised within a biopolitical discourse that seeks to reduce resistance (characterised as Animal living) in order to promote living (characterised as Human resistance). (3) If excluded, animal resistance finds its way back into literatures via ethical-aesthetic figurations, traces, and desires ‘for’ the Animal. As such, the archive stages a Clausewitzian case of escalation from resistances into total war. In open hostility towards a perceived enemy, animals fight back – and because they fight back, humanism has built its own form of resistance (i.e., politics, ethics, aesthetics, biopolitics, international relations, etc.). I conclude that Human Being (as a form of resistance) must be surrendered if the war on life itself is to end.
A MOLLIFIER APPROACH TO THE DECONVOLUTION OF PROBABILITY DENSITIES
Authors: Hohage Thorsten , Maréchal Pierre , Simar Léopold , Vanhems Anne
Published: October 2022

We use mollification to regularize the problem of deconvolution of random variables. This regularization method offers a unifying and generalizing framework in order to compare the benefits of various filter-type techniques like deconvolution kernels, Tikhonov, or spectral cutoff methods. In particular, the mollifier approach allows to relax some restrictive assumptions required for the deconvolution kernels, and has better stabilizing properties compared with spectral cutoff or Tikhonov. We show that this approach achieves optimal rates of convergence for both finitely and infinitely smoothing convolution operators under Besov and Sobolev smoothness assumptions on the unknown probability density. The qualification can be arbitrarily high depending on the choice of the mollifier function. We propose an adaptive choice of the regularization parameter using the Lepskiĭ method, and we provide simulations to compare the finite sample properties of our estimator with respect to the well-known regularization methods.
REGULARIZED ESTIMATION OF DYNAMIC PANEL MODELS
Authors: Carrasco Marine , Nayihouba Ada
Published: October 2022

In a dynamic panel data model, the number of moment conditions increases rapidly with the time dimension, resulting in a large dimensional covariance matrix of the instruments. As a consequence, the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator exhibits a large bias in small samples, especially when the autoregressive parameter is close to unity. To address this issue, we propose a regularized version of the one-step GMM estimator using three regularization schemes based on three different ways of inverting the covariance matrix of the instruments. Under double asymptotics, we show that our regularized estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. These regularization schemes involve a tuning or regularization parameter which needs to be chosen. We derive a data-driven selection of this regularization parameter based on an approximation of the higher-order mean square error and show its optimality. As an empirical application, we estimate a model of income dynamics.
A negative binomial approximation in group testing
Authors: Yu Letian , Daly Fraser , Johnson Oliver
Published: October 2022

We consider the problem of group testing (pooled testing), first introduced by Dorfman. For nonadaptive testing strategies, we refer to a nondefective item as “intruding” if it only appears in positive tests. Such items cause misclassification errors in the well-known COMP algorithm and can make other algorithms produce an error. It is therefore of interest to understand the distribution of the number of intruding items. We show that, under Bernoulli matrix designs, this distribution is well approximated in a variety of senses by a negative binomial distribution, allowing us to understand the performance of the two-stage conservative group testing algorithm of Aldridge.
Integrating habitat models for threatened species with landownership information to inform coastal resiliency and conservation planning
Authors: Allen Michael C , Lockwood Julie L , Robinson Orin J
Published: October 2022

Sea-level rise threatens both human communities and vulnerable species within coastal areas. Joint spatial planning can allow conservation and social resiliency goals to work in synergy. We present a case study integrating distribution information of a threatened saltmarsh bird, the eastern black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis jamaicensis), with social information to facilitate such joint planning. We constructed a distribution model for the species within an urbanizing coastal region (New Jersey, USA) and integrated this with publicly available parcel and protected area data to summarize ownership patterns. We estimated that c. 0.3–2.8% (c. 260–2200 ha) of available saltmarsh is occupied by eastern black rail, most of which is publicly owned (79%). Privately owned saltmarsh was spread across nearly 5000 individual parcels, 10% of which contained areas with the highest likelihood of rail presence according to our model (top quartile of predicted occupancy probabilities). Compared with all privately owned saltmarsh, parcels with probable rail habitat were larger (median: 5 versus 2 ha), contained more marsh (87% versus 59%) and were less economically valuable (US$11 200 versus US$36 100). Our approach of integrating species distributions with landownership data helps clarify trade-offs and synergies in species conservation and coastal resiliency planning.
Community perceptions on the factors in the social food environment that influence dietary behaviour in cities of Kenya and Ghana: a Photovoice study
Authors: Wanjohi Milkah N , Pradeilles Rebecca , Asiki Gershim , Holdsworth Michelle , Kimani-Murage Elizabeth W , Muthuri Stella K , Irache Ana , Laar Amos , Zotor Francis , Tandoh Akua , Klomegah Senam , Graham Fiona , Osei-Kwasi Hibbah Araba , Green Mark A , Coleman Nathaniel , Mensah Kobby , Akparibo Robert , Aryeteey Richmond , Rousham Emily K , Bricas Nicolas , Bohr Marco , Griffiths Paula
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To explore communities’ perspectives on the factors in the social food environment that influence dietary behaviours in African cities.

Design:

A qualitative study using participatory photography (Photovoice). Participants took and discussed photographs representing factors in the social food environment that influence their dietary behaviours. Follow-up in-depth interviews allowed participants to tell the ‘stories’ of their photographs. Thematic analysis was conducted, using data-driven and theory-driven (based on the socio-ecological model) approaches.

Setting:

Three low-income areas of Nairobi (n 48) in Kenya and Accra (n 62) and Ho (n 32) in Ghana.

Participants:

Adolescents and adults, male and female aged ≥13 years.

Results:

The ‘people’ who were most commonly reported as influencers of dietary behaviours within the social food environment included family members, friends, health workers and food vendors. They mainly influenced food purchase, preparation and consumption, through (1) considerations for family members’ food preferences, (2) considerations for family members’ health and nutrition needs, (3) social support by family and friends, (4) provision of nutritional advice and modelling food behaviour by parents and health professionals, (5) food vendors’ services and social qualities.

Conclusions:

The family presents an opportunity for promoting healthy dietary behaviours among family members. Peer groups could be harnessed to promote healthy dietary behaviours among adolescents and youth. Empowering food vendors to provide healthier and safer food options could enhance healthier food sourcing, purchasing and consumption in African low-income urban communities.
Populism and the print media: the case of Japan
Authors: Steel Gill , Kohama Natsuki
Published: October 2022

Japan has experienced many of the factors associated with populism, but has not experienced an upsurge of populism in national-level politics. We posit that the dominant frames in the Japanese print media coverage of populism form a crucial and overlooked part of the explanation for the absence of populism. Our qualitative human-coded analysis of quality and tabloid coverage demonstrates that overall, the Japanese newspapers act as gatekeepers and set an agenda that is unfavorable for right-wing populism. The press engage in ‘media populism’ and frame populism – and alternatives to the status quo more generally – as a threat. Moreover, the print media are not hostile to immigrants in ways that populists could leverage.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of 1Dx-type HMW-GS genes from different wheat varieties
Authors: Yang Li-Juan , Zhang Xiang-Fen , Dong Yan-Qi , Zheng Yue-Ting , Zhang Jin-Xia , He Yi-Lian , Tan Xiu-Fang , Jiang Zhi-Kai , Ma Hua-Ping
Published: October 2022

High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) contribute to dough elasticity and bread baking quality in wheat. In this study, wheat varieties were classified based on their HMW-GS composition into three groups: 1Dx5 (5 + 10, Gaoyou 8901, Xinmai 28, Xinmai 19, Xinmai 26 and Jinbaoyin), 1Dx2 (2 + 12, Zhoumai 24, Xinmai 9 and Yumai) and 1Dx4 (4 + 12, Aikang 58). Sequence analysis showed that 1Dx-GY8901, 1Dx-XM28, 1Dx-XM19 and 1Dx-XM26 were similar to the 1Dx5 gene and clustered on the same branch, while 1Dx-AK58, 1Dx-ZM24, 1Dx-JBY, 1Dx-YM, 1Dx-XM9 and 1Dx-JBY were more similar to the 1Dx2 gene and clustered on the same branch with 1Dx.2.2. There was a mutation of Ser to Cys at position S2, for an extra Cys in the repeat regions of 1Dx-XM19, 1Dx-XM26, 1Dx-XM28 and 1Dx-GY8901. The wheat HMW-GS genes exhibited similar percentages of α-helix, extended strand, β-turn and random coil structure, with ranges of 13.33–13.59, 4.77–5.78, 7.08–9.18 and 72.3–73.94%, respectively. Sequence conservation and the composition of HMW-GS subunits were also analysed for a series of strong gluten wheat varieties, Xinmai 9 (1, 7 + 8, 2 + 12), Xinmai 19 (1, 7 + 9, 5 + 10), Xinmai 26 (1, 7 + 8, 5 + 10) and Xinmai 28 (1, 7 + 9, 5 + 10). The results of this work should facilitate future breeding efforts and provide the theoretical basis for wheat quality improvement.
Misinformation in Experimental Political Science
Authors: Barnfield Matthew
Published: October 2022

The American Political Science Association recently cautioned against the use of misinformation (giving research participants false information about the state of the world) in research with human subjects. This recommendation signals a growing recognition, as experimental research itself grows in prevalence in political science, that deceptive practices pose ethical problems. But what is wrong with misinformation in particular? I argue that while this question certainly has an ethical dimension, misinformation is bad for inference too. Misinformation moves us away from answering questions about the political world effectively. I propose a straightforward, intuitive solution to this twofold problem: tell the truth.
Between the Scenes
Authors: Nadezhda Murziakova , Dovbnyuk Kseniya , Merzon Liya , MacInnes W. Joseph
Published: October 2022

Abstract. We constantly move our eyes to new information while inspecting a scene, but these patterns of eye movements change based on the task and goals of the observer. Inhibition of return (IOR) may facilitate visual search by reducing the likelihood of revisiting previously attended locations. However, IOR may present in any visual task, or it may be search-specific. We investigated the presence of IOR in foraging, memorization, change detection, and two versions of visual search. One version of search used a static search array that remained stable throughout the trial, but the second used a scene flickering paradigm similar to the change detection task. IOR was observed in both versions of visual search, memorization, and foraging, but not in change detection. Visual search and change detection both had temporal nonscene components, and we observed that IOR could be maintained despite the scene removal but only for search. Although IOR is maintained in scene coordinates, short disruptions to this scene are insufficient to completely remove the inhibitory tags. Finally, we compare return saccades in trials without a probe and observe fewer return saccades in tasks for which IOR was observed, providing further evidence that IOR might serve as a novelty drive.
Community Workflows to Advance Reproducibility in Hydrologic Modeling: Separating Model‐Agnostic and Model‐Specific Configuration Steps in Applications of Large‐Domain Hydrologic Models
Authors: Knoben W. J. M. , Clark M. P. , Bales J. , Bennett A. , Gharari S. , Marsh C. B. , Nijssen B. , Pietroniro A. , Spiteri R. J. , Tang G. , Tarboton D. G. , Wood A. W.
Published: October 2022

Despite the proliferation of computer‐based research on hydrology and water resources, such research is typically poorly reproducible. Published studies have low reproducibility due to incomplete availability of data and computer code, and a lack of documentation of workflow processes. This leads to a lack of transparency and efficiency because existing code can neither be quality controlled nor reused. Given the commonalities between existing process‐based hydrologic models in terms of their required input data and preprocessing steps, open sharing of code can lead to large efficiency gains for the modeling community. Here, we present a model configuration workflow that provides full reproducibility of the resulting model instantiations in a way that separates the model‐agnostic preprocessing of specific data sets from the model‐specific requirements that models impose on their input files. We use this workflow to create large‐domain (global and continental) and local configurations of the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) hydrologic model connected to the mizuRoute routing model. These examples show how a relatively complex model setup over a large domain can be organized in a reproducible and structured way that has the potential to accelerate advances in hydrologic modeling for the community as a whole. We provide a tentative blueprint of how community modeling initiatives can be built on top of workflows such as this. We term our workflow the “Community Workflows to Advance Reproducibility in Hydrologic Modeling” (CWARHM; pronounced “swarm”).
Updated Model Parameters of Current Sheet and Magnetic Field in the Jovian Magnetosphere for Pre‐Galileo, Galileo, and Juno Eras
Authors: Momoki Naoya , Toh Hiroaki
Published: October 2022

In Jupiter's magnetosphere, the electric current system within the “current sheet” generates a magnetic field, which is comparable to or dominating the Jovian intrinsic field in the magnetosphere. However, updates of an existing model of the magnetospheric field by Khurana (1997, https://doi.org/10.1029/97JA00563) using newly acquired data by Galileo and Juno has never been conducted since it was first formulated. Here we used the data by Voyager 1/2, Galileo, and Juno to revise the current sheet shape model parameters as well as those of the magnetospheric field based on each spacecraft data. We derived fits that reproduced each data well, and revealed long‐term variations of both current sheet and magnetospheric field parameters over several decades. The updated model parameters are useful for detecting dynamic events in the magnetosphere such as magnetopause deformation and plasmoid generation. They can also be used as external fields necessary for probing into the Galilean icy moons by electromagnetic induction methods.
Efficient Pipe Burst Detection in Tree‐Shape Water Distribution Networks Using Forward‐Backward Transient Analysis
Authors: Pan Bin , Duan Huan‐Feng , Keramat Alireza , Meniconi Silvia , Brunone Bruno
Published: October 2022

Transient‐based leak/burst detection has received more and more attentions in the operation and management of water distribution networks. However, with the increase in pipe network complexity, it is hard to detect and locate the potential pipe defects and water losses efficiently. Recently, we proposed an efficient leak/burst localization strategy in single pipelines based on the forward and backward transient analysis, and in this work, this effective approach is customized for the more realistic branched (tree‐shaped) pipe networks. Unlike traditional transient‐based methods which rely on tedious optimization procedures, the proposed method uses a mismatch property between forward and backward analyses of transient signals for the pipe burst detection during the water supply process. Compared with other developed methods, this method can directly calculate the defect location, so it is expected to have high efficiency and wide applicability. To fulfill this goal, a framework for burst detection in a tree‐shaped pipe network is developed in this paper. Using the mass conservation and energy relations at the branched junctions, the forward and backward transient analysis is extended from one pipe to another until the burst is found and then located in the network. Both experimental and numerical tests show the effectiveness of the proposed method, and further analysis has shown that the method is also valid for leak detection in both transient and steady conditions, confirming the robustness and practicality of this proposed method. At last, this paper discusses the influence of transient sources and the potential combination of the method with other methods.
DUSP5P1 promotes gastric cancer metastasis and platinum drug resistance
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Zhang Lianhai , Liang Qiaoyi , Wong Chi Chun , Chen Huarong , Gou Hongyan , Dong Yujuan , Liu Weixin , Li Ziyu , Ji Jiafu , Yu Jun
Published: October 2022

We elucidated the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of DUSP5P1 lncRNA (dual specificity phosphatase 5 pseudogene 1) in gastric carcinogenesis. We demonstrated that gastric cancer (GC) patients with high DUSP5P1 expression had shortened survival in two independent cohorts. DUSP5P1 promoted GC cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, DUSP5P1 activated ARHGAP5 transcription by directly binding to the promoter of ARHGAP5 with a binding motif of TATGTG. RNA-seq revealed that ARHGAP5 activated focal adhesion and MAPK signaling pathways to promote GC metastasis. DUSP5P1 also dysregulated platinum drug resistance pathway. Consistently, DUSP5P1 overexpression in GC cells antagonized cytotoxic effect of Oxaliplatin, and shDUSP5P1 plus Oxaliplatin exerted synergistic effect on inhibiting GC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. DUSP5P1 depletion also suppressed the growth of platinum drug-resistant PDO models. In conclusion, DUSP5P1 promoted GC metastasis by directly modulating ARHGAP5 expression to activate focal adhesion and MAPK pathways, serves as therapeutic target for platinum drug resistant GC, and is an independent prognostic factor in GC.
Dental management of patients with sensory impairments
Authors: Ahmed Tasnim Aniqa , Bradley Natalie , Fenesan Stephanie
Published: October 2022

This article discusses the different types of sensory impairments and their aetiology. It considers how the oral health status in patients with sensory impairments is impacted by their disability and the barriers these patients face in dental care. It also discusses legislation relevant to dental care professionals when caring for patients with disabilities, including the Mental Capacity Act (2005), the Equality Act (2010) and the Accessible Information Standard (2016). Finally, it provides recommendations to dental care professionals on how they can best manage patients with sensory impairments and communicate with them effectively in order to provide them with quality dental care.
Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on dental antibiotic prescribing across England: 'it was a minefield'
Authors: Thompson Wendy , Shah Sagar , Wordley Valerie , Edwards David
Published: October 2022

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic impacted significantly on dental service delivery across England.

Objective To explore how and why the pandemic affected antibiotic prescribing by primary care dentists.

Methods Mixed-methods study: secondary analysis of routinely collected NHS dental antibiotic prescribing data from before and during the pandemic; and an online survey of dentists (NHS and private) across England's regions.

Results Dental antibiotic prescribing increased 22% in the pandemic's first year, with regional variation from a 12.1% increase in London to 29.1% in East of England. Of 159 dentists surveyed, 60% had prescribed 'many more' antibiotics. Some urgent dental centres required antibiotics before accepting referrals, irrespective of clinical appropriateness. Diagnosing remotely was hard. Antibiotics were used to delay aerosol generating procedures and fill gaps in services. Widespread frustration existed.

Discussion Maintaining access to urgent dental care during a future pandemic would include availability of high-grade personal protective equipment for dental teams. Everyone must understand the impact of restricted dental access on antibiotic overprescribing and hence antibiotic resistance.

Conclusion Reduced dental access and changes in dental service delivery because of the pandemic increased antibiotic prescribing. Ensuring uninterrupted access for all to effective urgent dental care is an important element of global efforts to tackle antibiotic resistance.
OPA1 drives macrophage metabolism and functional commitment via p65 signaling
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Ricardo , Tezze Caterina , Agnellini Andrielly H. R. , Angioni Roberta , Venegas Francisca C. , Cioccarelli Chiara , Munari Fabio , Bertoldi Nicole , Canton Marcella , Desbats Maria Andrea , Salviati Leonardo , Gissi Rosanna , Castegna Alessandra , Soriano Maria Eugenia , Sandri Marco , Scorrano Luca , Viola Antonella , Molon Barbara
Published: October 2022

Macrophages are essential players for the host response against pathogens, regulation of inflammation and tissue regeneration. The wide range of macrophage functions rely on their heterogeneity and plasticity that enable a dynamic adaptation of their responses according to the surrounding environmental cues. Recent studies suggest that metabolism provides synergistic support for macrophage activation and elicitation of desirable immune responses; however, the metabolic pathways orchestrating macrophage activation are still under scrutiny. Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) is a mitochondria-shaping protein controlling mitochondrial fusion, cristae biogenesis and respiration; clear evidence shows that the lack or dysfunctional activity of this protein triggers the accumulation of metabolic intermediates of the TCA cycle. In this study, we show that OPA1 has a crucial role in macrophage activation. Selective Opa1 deletion in myeloid cells impairs M1-macrophage commitment. Mechanistically, Opa1 deletion leads to TCA cycle metabolite accumulation and defective NF-κB signaling activation. In an in vivo model of muscle regeneration upon injury, Opa1 knockout macrophages persist within the damaged tissue, leading to excess collagen deposition and impairment in muscle regeneration. Collectively, our data indicate that OPA1 is a key metabolic driver of macrophage functions.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits osteoclastic differentiation by modulating mitophagy and mitochondrial functions
Authors: Sarkar Jaganmay , Das Manjusri , Howlader Md Sariful Islam , Prateeksha Prateeksha , Barthels Derek , Das Hiranmoy
Published: October 2022

A natural plant product, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), was evaluated for its effectiveness in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. We found that EGCG inhibited the osteoclast (OC) differentiation in vitro, and in primary bone marrow cells in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative RT-PCR studies showed that the EGCG reduced the expression of OC differentiation markers. DCFDA, MitoSOX, and JC-1 staining revealed that the EGCG attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential; and flux analysis corroborated the effect of EGCG. We further found that the EGCG inhibited mRNA and protein expressions of mitophagy-related molecules. We confirmed that the OC differentiation was inhibited by EGCG by modulating mitophagy through AKT and p38MAPK pathways. Furthermore, in silico analysis revealed that the binding of RANK and RANKL was blocked by EGCG. Overall, we defined the mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis during arthritis for developing a new therapy using a natural compound besides the existing therapeutics.