bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of allochthonous fish skin secretions on the Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Нulaі O. , Zhukorskyi О. , Нulaі V. , Tkachuk N.
Published: December 2015

Aim. To fi nd out the impact of allochthonous fi sh skin secretions on the E. rhusiopathiae pathogenic bacteria cultures. Methods. The skin of live fi shes was covered with fi lter paper, which was removed after 1 minute; then soluble components at the rate of 0.1 cm 3 of water per 1.0 cm 2 of paper area were extracted. The resulting solutions of fi sh skin secretions were sterilized by vacuum fi ltration through fi lters with < 0.2 μm pore diam- eter. The test samples contained E. rhusiopathiae cultures and fi sh skin secretions in dilutions of 1:10, 1:100, 1:1,000 and 1:10,000. The control samples contained a similar ratio of sterilewater and the bacteria under study. Results. The presence of freshwater fi sh skin secretions in water-soluble extracts causes the increase in E. rhusiopathiae culture density. The intensity of the revealed stimulation effect on E. rhusiopathiae depends on the concentration of fi sh skin secretions in test samples. Conclusions. Freshwater fi sh (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella) skin secretions contain substances that exert a stimulating effect on the E. rhusiopathiae culture. The ability of the bacteria under study to use fi sh skin secretions indicates the formation of interspecifi c trophic links. To prevent and eliminate the foci of infection caused by E. rhusiopathiae, one has to consider the possibility of the pathogenic bacteria persistence on the skin of freshwater fish.
Preliminary results of the optimization of biogas production at the biogas station of the national research institute of animal production in Grodziec Sląski – Kostkowice
Authors: Węglarzy K. , Shliva Yu. , Matros B. , Sych G.
Published: December 2015

Aim. To optimize the methane digestion process while using different recipes of substrate components of ag- ricultural origin. Methods. The chemical composition of separate components of the substrate of agricultural by-products, industrial wastes, fats of the agrorefi nery and corn silage was studied. Dry (organic) mass, crude protein (fat) fi ber, loose ash, nitrogen-free exhaust were estimated in the components and the productivity of biogas was determined along with the methane content. These data were used as a basis for daily recipes of the substrate and the analysis of biogas production at the biogas station in Kostkowice. Results. The application of by-products of agricultural production solves the problem of their storage on boards and in open containers, which reduces investment costs, related to the installation of units for their storage. Conclusions. The return on investment for obtaining electric energy out of agricultural biogas depends considerably on the kind of the substrate used and on technological and market conditions.
Influence of copper, cobalt and iodine microelements on the exchange of 137Cs in the cows organisms at different physiological states
Authors: Prister B. , Slavov V. , Bidenko V.
Published: December 2015

Aim. To estimate the impact of additions of different doses of copper, cobalt and iodine salts to the diet of dry and lactating cows on the absorption and removal of 137 Сs from the organism. Methods. Four groups of black and white breed cows –– were selected for the study on the farm in Narodychi district of Zhytomyr region following the traditional methods. The animals were fed salts of microelements with concentrated feedstuffs. Specifi c radioactivity of feedstuffs, feces, urine, milk was defi ned by the gamma-spectrometry method using AMA-OZF analyzer. Results. During the dry period the content of 137 Сs in nutrition of cows of experimental groups was almost the same, whereas its removal from the organism of animals was different depending on the impact of microelements on the degree of radionuclide absorption. The exceeding of the norms of copper and cobalt by 30 % and iodine – by 70 % promotes the decrease of “visible” absorption of cesium and enhances its removal due to the radionuclide, accumulated
in the tissues. The radioactivity of the diet of animals dur- ing lactation increased considerably (22–26-fold) and amounted to 17–22 kBq per day; at the same time high bioavailability of the radionuclide was revealed. The increase in 137 Cs content in the diet of cows during the grazing period is related to the use of contaminated fi elds. In May specifi c radioactivity of cow milk was the lowest; its insignifi cant increase (50–65 Bq/l) was observed in June, July and August. The radioactivity of cow milk in September and October increased considerably (150–184 Bq/l). The fortifi cation of the diet of animals of the 3 rd experimental group with copper, cobalt, and iodine promoted the decrease in the radioactivity of cow milk comparing the cow milk of the 1 st experimental group and the milk of the 4 th experimental group. During the lactation period the least absorption of the radionuclide was revealed for the normative consumption of all the microelements, and the highest – for the increased consumption of
cobalt only. Conclusions. The vegeta- tive feedstuffs of dairy cattle in Polissia provides the requirement of cobalt for 30–35 %, iodine – for 25–30 %, copper – for 70 % in winter, and during the grazing period in summer – for 25, 35, and 60 % respectively. The fortifi cation of the diet of cows with microelements promotes the decrease in the absorption of 137 Сs in the gastrointestinal tract and its reduced transfer into cow milk.
The state and prospects of hop-growing industry in the conditions of eurointegration
Authors: Priymachuk T. , Sytnikova T. , Protsenko A. , Shtanko T.
Published: December 2015

Aim. To substantiate the prerequisites of increasing the level of competitiveness and effi ciency of domestic hop- growing industry on the road of Eurointegration and entering the international market. Methods. The following methods were used: statistical and economic method, comparative analysis, abstract-logical method. Results. It was established that supply and demand as well as the level of prices for hop products depend on the trends in the international market of hop and on the needs of brewing industry. The key factors of impacting the formation of supply and demand and the possibility of providing for it at domestic hop-producing enterprises are found to be the organization of the production process with the least loss of resources, the availability of competitive varie- ties, a wide range of quality products of the processing. The fulfi llment of the mentioned conditions is possible via the integration of efforts in the spheres of hop products manufacturing, the sale of the latter and support ser-
vices. Conclusions. The improvement of the effi ciency of Ukrainian hop-growing industry will benefi t from the development of integration processes, based on the cooperation between adjacent fi elds to form reliable industrial and sales relations and wide access to resources, the adjustment of Ukrainian standards for hop prod- ucts and the variety assortment of cultivated hop in line with the European requirements.
Regeneration of plants from gynogenetic carrot calluses
Authors: Vitsenia T. , Sergiyenko O.
Published: December 2015

Aim. To optimize the regeneration and adaptation stages of the methods of obtaining dihaploid carrot plants via gynogenesis in the culture in vitro, namely embryogenesis from gynogenetic callus, and to obtain normally developed regenerant plants and regenerant roots. Methods. Common biotechnological methods were applied. The gynogenetic carrot callus, line 345, was obtained from non-fertilized ovaries using the method, invented by the authors. Results. The culture medium, in which the yield of embryos from one gynogenetic callus in- creases 4-fold, and the yield of normal plants – 12-fold, was invented. While growing roots using regenerant plants in unprotected soil the mulching of soil with white agrofi ber ensures the survival of regenerants at the level of 86.5 % which is 16 % higher than the control (without mulching) and the increase in the average weight of roots up to 92.8 g (38.5 g more compared to the control). Conclusions. The regenerating and adaptive stages of obtaining dihaploid regenerant
plants from gynogenetic carrot calluses, induced from non-fertilized ovaries in culture in vitro were optimized. The effi cient culture medium for embryogenesis from gynogenetic calluses was elaborated. It was established that soil mulching using white agrofi ber increases the survival of gynoge- netic plants in unprotected soil considerably and ensures the increase in the average weight of roots. It allows refusing from greenhouses or tunnels while growing regenerant roots of gynogenetic origin.
Specificities of changes in the concentrations of heavy metals in milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.)
Authors: Rudnyk-Ivashchenko O. , Mykhal’ska L. , Schwartau V.
Published: December 2015

Aim. To investigate the content of heavy metals in the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) and in the product of its processing – oil. To reveal possible changes in the concentration of heavy metals in the years of cultivating this plant. Methods. The fi eld and spectrometric methods were applied; the results were processed using the technologies, common for agriculture, plant production and statistics. Results. The content of heavy metals in the seeds of milk thistle was defi ned. It was determined that their concentration exceeds maximal acceptable coeffi cient for the medicinal plant material. It was established that in 2013 the seeds of milk thistle accumulated several times more Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mo, Sr, V compared to the indices of 2014, while Al, Co, Ag were found only in the samples of the seeds, harvested in 2013. Conclusions. As the regulatory documents regarding many relevant elements, which belong to heavy metals, do not specify maximal accept- able coeffi cients for the content
of the latter in the medicinal plant material, it is reasonable to conduct complex studies, involving the specialists of relevant fi elds, in order to stipulate this gradation. In the Kyiv region the milk thistle plants accumulate a large amount of such heavy metals as cadmium, manganese, strontium, and zinc, which exceeds maximal acceptable degrees of accumulation and testifi es to partial pollution of region soils. It was established that the concentration of the main part of heavy metals in the product of processing milk thistle – oil – is decreased to the value under the threshold of analytic devices. This fact proves the pros- pects of growing milk thistle for industrial processing purposes.
Determinants of Cobalamin Status in Newborns
Authors: Monsen Anne-Lise Bjørke , Ueland Per Magne , Vollset Stein Emil , Guttormsen Anne Berit , Markestad Trond , Solheim Einar , Refsum Helga
Published: December 2015

Objective.

Cobalamin deficiency accompanied by bone marrow dysfunction and impaired central nervous system development has been reported in infants who were born to mothers with low cobalamin intake. We investigated the relation between cobalamin status in newborns and in their healthy mothers who consumed an omnivorous diet.

Methods.

Serum cobalamin and the functional markers plasma methylmalonic acid (MMA) and total homocysteine (tHcy) were determined in 173 newborns and their mothers. Forty-five children and mothers were reinvestigated after 6 weeks.

Results.

At birth, median (interquartile range) serum cobalamin levels were 245 (175–323) pmol/L in the mothers and 314 (238–468) pmol/L in the newborns. In the neonates, serum cobalamin, but not folate, was inversely associated with MMA and tHcy. Among maternal factors, low serum cobalamin was the strongest predictor of impaired cobalamin function (defined as low cobalamin, high tHcy, or high MMA levels) in the newborns. After 6 weeks, the maternal cobalamin levels had increased (to 421 [271–502] pmol/L), whereas the newborn levels had declined (to 230 [158–287] pmol/L). In the same interval, the infants had a marked increase in plasma MMA (from 0.29 [0.24–0.38] to 0.81 [0.37–1.68] μmol/L). At 6 weeks, parity was a strong predictor of cobalamin status in the infant.

Conclusion.

The cobalamin status in the neonatal period is strongly associated with maternal cobalamin status and parity. A reduction in serum cobalamin and an increase in metabolite levels are consistent with impaired cobalamin function in a significant portion of the infants who were born to healthy, nonvegetarian mothers.
The African Pediatric Fellowship Program: Training in Africa for Africans
Authors: Wilmshurst Jo M. , Morrow Brenda , du Preez Avril , Githanga David , Kennedy Neil , Zar Heather J.
Published: December 2015

Africa has a significant burden of childhood disease, with relatively few skilled health care professionals. The African Paediatric Fellowship Programme was developed by the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health at the University of Cape Town to provide relevant training for African child health professionals, by Africans, within Africa. Trainees identified by partner academic institutions spend 6 months to 2 years training in the Department of Pediatrics and allied disciplines. They then return to their home institution to build practice, training, research, and advocacy. From 2008 to 2015, 73 physicians have completed or are completing training in general pediatrics or a pediatric subspecialty. At 1 year posttraining, 98% to 100% are practicing back in their home institution. The impact of the returning fellows is evident from their practice interventions, research collaborations, and positions as stakeholders who can change health care policies. Thirty-three centers in 13 African countries are partners with the program, and the program template is now followed by other partner sites in Africa. Increasing and retaining the skills pool of African child health specialists is building a network of motivated, highly skilled clinicians who are equipped to advance child health in Africa.
Birth Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Van Naarden Braun Kim , Doernberg Nancy , Schieve Laura , Christensen Deborah , Goodman Alyson , Yeargin-Allsopp Marshalyn
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE:

Population-based data in the United States on trends in cerebral palsy (CP) birth prevalence are limited. The objective of this study was to examine trends in the birth prevalence of congenital spastic CP by birth weight, gestational age, and race/ethnicity in a heterogeneous US metropolitan area.

METHODS:

Children with CP were identified by a population-based surveillance system for developmental disabilities (DDs). Children with CP were included if they were born in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, from 1985 to 2002, resided there at age 8 years, and did not have a postneonatal etiology (n = 766). Birth weight, gestational age, and race/ethnicity subanalyses were restricted to children with spastic CP (n = 640). Trends were examined by CP subtype, gender, race/ethnicity, co-occurring DDs, birth weight, and gestational age.

RESULTS:

Birth prevalence of spastic CP per 1000 1-year survivors was stable from 1985 to 2002 (1.9 in 1985 to 1.8 in 2002; 0.3% annual average prevalence; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.1 to 1.8). Whereas no significant trends were observed by gender, subtype, birth weight, or gestational age overall, CP prevalence with co-occurring moderate to severe intellectual disability significantly decreased (−2.6% [95% CI −4.3 to −0.8]). Racial disparities persisted over time between non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white children (prevalence ratio 1.8 [95% CI 1.5 to 2.1]). Different patterns emerged for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black children by birth weight and gestational age.

CONCLUSIONS:

Given improvements in neonatal survival, evidence of stability of CP prevalence is encouraging. Yet lack of overall decreases supports continued monitoring of trends and increased research and prevention efforts. Racial/ethnic disparities, in particular, warrant further study.
A influência do desenvolvimento sexual sobre as qualidades físicas básicas de meninos adolescentes
Authors: Renatolinhares Renato Vidal , Monicabarros Mônica Costa , Josefernandes José Fernandes Filho
Published: December 2015

Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da maturação sexual sobre parâmetros antropométricos e das qualidades físicas básicas em adolescentes de dez a quatorze anos do sexo masculino.

Materiais e Métodos Para verificar a idade biológica observaram-se os estágios de desenvolvimento da genitália externa. As outras características avaliadas foram: massa corporal total (MCT), a estatura e o índice de massa corporal (IMC), idade óssea (IO), força, velocidade, agilidade e potência aeróbica.

Resultados Os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas em todas as variáveis ligadas ao crescimento (idade cronológica, estatura, massa corporal total, índice de massa corporal e idade óssea) entre os diferentes estágios de maturação sexual. Em relação às qualidades físicas, entre os estágios maturacionais, encontraram-se diferenças significativas na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados, com exceção da agilidade.

Conclusão Conclui-se com este estudo, que a maturação sexual avaliada através dos estágios de desenvolvimento da genitália externa exerceu grande influência sobre variáveis antropométricas, a idade óssea e as qualidades físicas básicas dos adolescentes avaliados.
Uso de prótese dentária e sua relação com lesões bucais
Authors: Medeiros Fabianna Da Conceição Dantas , Thiago fernando silva de Araújo Silva Thiago fernando De Araújo Silva , Ferreira Kleiton Kleiton Alves , Moura Jamile Marinho Bezerra De Oliveira , Lima Isabela Isabela Pinheiro Cavalcanti , Seabra Eduardo José Guerra
Published: December 2015

 

Objetivo Mostrar a relação da prótese dentária com a incidência e o tipo de lesões bucais desenvolvidos na região do Seridó, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.

Método Foi realizado um cadastro de 77 pacientes, todos com mais de 21 anos de idade, ambos os gêneros, não etilistas e/ou tabagistas crônicos, residentes nos municípios correspondentes a região do Seridó, que apresentavam algum tipo de lesão bucal e que deram entrada nas Clínicas Odontológicas da Universidade do Rio Grande do Norte, sendo observado a relação destas com o uso de próteses dentárias.

Resultados A maioria das próteses relacionadas com lesões orais possuía mais de 05 anos de uso e indicação de troca, e que a Candidose, com 45,5 % dos casos e Hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória, com 27,2 % foram às lesões mais relacionadas.

Conclusões As próteses dentárias totais e parciais removíveis apresentaram relação com lesões orais, no entanto, a prótese total apresentou maior percentual de peças indicadas para troca e com mais de 05 anos de uso; mostrando que o tipo parcial removível a grampo mesmo sem indicações de troca, apresentaram uma alta relação com lesões.
Validación de un instrumento para evaluar la carga del cuidador en parálisis cerebral
Authors: Carreño Mora Fidias , Ortiz Corredor Fernando , Espinosa García Eugenia , Pérez Hernández Claudia Elena
Published: December 2015

Objetivo Desarrollar y validar una escala para evaluar la carga del cuidador del niño con parálisis cerebral (PC) de niveles funcionales GMFCS (Gross Motor Function Classification System) IV y V.

Materiales y Métodos Se llevó a cabo un estudio de validación de escalas mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a 108 cuidadores de niños con PC. La primera fase del estudio consistió en la generación del cuestionario y la realización de una prueba piloto. La segunda fase comprendió la aplicación de la escala. Finalmente, la tercera fase correspondió al análisis psicométrico (validez de constructo y de criterio, consistencia interna, y confiabilidad temporal) y a la determinación de la utilidad de la escala. Para el test-retest se repitió la encuesta a 62 pacientes.

Resultados Se construyó una escala con 10 items pertenecientes a dos dominios. En el estudio de la validez de criterio se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0.71 al comparar la escala del cuidador con los niveles funcionales GMFCS. La consistencia interna fue muy buena con un coeficiente alfa de Crombach total de 0,87. En el estudio de la confiabilidad test retest se encontró un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson mayor a 0,87 para cada uno de los ítems.

Conclusiones La “Escala del Cuidador” es un instrumento con una validez, confiabilidad y utilidad aceptables para medir la dificultad en el cuidado de niños con PC severa en nuestro medio. 
Autopercepción de salud en adultos mayores y desenlaces de salud física, salud mental y síndromes geriátricos, Comuna 18 de Santiago de Cali, durante los años 2009-2010
Authors: Zapata Ossa Helmer Ds Jesús
Published: December 2015

Objetivo Determinar la relación entre mala autopercepción de salud APES con desenlaces de salud física, salud mental y síndromes geriátricos, en un período de seguimiento de un año.

Métodos Estudio prospectivo sobre una cohorte de 231 adultos mayores de 60 años de la comuna 18, clasificados con mala y buena APES, según resultados de una primera medición realizada en el 2009 y posteriormente medidos con el mismo instrumento en el 2010. Se evaluaron variables de salud física, mental, deterioro funcional, síndromes geriátricos y uso de servicios. Se usaron pruebas estadísticas paramétricas y no paramétricas mediante el módulo de muestras complejas del paquete estadístico SPSS versión 17.

Resultados Después de un año de seguimiento, la incidencia de la mortalidad fue mayor en los adultos mayores (AM) con mala autopercepción de su salud. Se identificaron diferencias importantes en: pérdida reciente de peso reciente (p=0,009); pérdida de peso no intencionada (p=0,065); auto reporte suspensión de alguna actividad (p=0,001); auto reporte en el último mes de haber hecho menos cosas o actividades que antes (p=0,011); auto reporte en el último mes de haber sentido que sus movimientos eran más lentos (p=0,002); auto reporte de haberse sentido sin energía últimamente (0,001); fragilidad en la fuerza de agarre y la velocidad de la marcha (p<0,05).

Conclusión: Los AM con mala APES presentaron mayor deterioro de salud, síndromes geriátricos y mayor frecuencia de uso de servicios de salud. 
La adherencia al tratamiento para el VIH/SIDA: más allá de la toma de antirretrovirales
Authors: Varela Arevalo Maria Teresa , Hoyos Hernandez Paula Andrea
Published: December 2015

Objetivo Describir la adherencia a aspectos no-farmacológicos del tratamiento en personas con VIH/Sida de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia y establecer su relación con aspectos socio-demográficos.

Material y Métodos Estudio observacional transversal, con una muestra de 277 personas con VIH/Sida de nueve instituciones de salud. Se utilizó el cuestionario de adherencia al tratamiento para el VIH/Sida.

Resultados Sólo el 37 % de las personas son adherentes al tratamiento no-farmacológico. El análisis de los factores socio-demográficos relacionados con la adherencia, muestra que tienen menor oportunidad de estar adheridos los menores de 40 años.

Conclusiones La adherencia al tratamiento no-farmacológica es baja y parece ser un problema generalizado en la población con VIH/Sida, si bien es más grave en menores de 40 años. Los resultados muestran que es necesario realizar intervenciones que mejoren la adherencia no-farmacológica para contribuir al control de la infección, y que éstas deben implementarse en todas las personas diagnosticadas, con especial énfasis en la población joven.
Evaluación del manejo farmacológico de la Osteoporosis y la Osteopenia en una institución de régimen especial de Bogotá
Authors: Moncayo Bravo Susan Dayana , López Gutiérrez José Julián
Published: December 2015

Objetivo Evaluar los hábitos de prescripción de medicamentos utilizados en el tratamiento de osteoporosis y osteopenia en una institución de salud de régimen especial de Bogotá, comparados guías de manejo internacional de la osteoporosis.

Metodología Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal con recolección retrospectiva de la información. Corresponde a un estudio de utilización de medicamentos sobre hábitos de prescripción, para el cual se tomó la información de 332 pacientes tratados con Bifosfonatos, sales de calcio, Ranelato de Estroncio y Teriparatida. Se evaluaron los hábitos de prescripción mediante la comparación con las Guías de manejo de la National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) y el National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).

Resultados El 89 % de la población corresponde a mujeres con un promedio de edad de 67 años. La dosis y frecuencia de administración corresponde a lo establecido por las guías de manejo; el 32,2 % fue tratado con Bisfosfonatos por más de 3 años, el 94,2 % fue tratado en prevención primaria y el 89,6 % fue tratado sin diagnóstico de Osteoporosis mediante Densitometría Mineral Ósea (DMO). De acuerdo a las recomendaciones de la guía NOF el 67,3 % de los pacientes se trató innecesariamente.

Conclusiones Los hábitos de prescripción de medicamentos utilizados en el tratamiento de las osteoporosis no están de acuerdo a las guías de manejo, evidenciándose un uso no adecuado especialmente de bifosfonatos.
La comisión de Regulación en Salud: crónica de un final anunciado
Authors: Martínez Alberto
Published: December 2015

El presente artículo se propone establecer algunas dificultades presentadas en la Comisión de Regulación en Salud (CRES) en su corto periodo de funcionamiento y la necesidad de un organismo regulador diferente al Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de carácter más plural, participativo e incluyente. Se menciona que las situaciones problemáticas del Consejo Nacional de Seguridad Social en Salud (CNSSS) se pretendieron corregir, entre otras cosas, al dar origen a la CRES, pero esta última evidenció la intención del gobierno nacional de liquidarla conforme ya se insinuaba en la Ley 1438 de 2012. Se concluye que pese a las dificultades en la función de regulación que finalmente pudieron llevar a la liquidación de la CRES, se hace necesario la creación de un organismo como el CNSSS, que, como se puede deducir del Proyecto de Ley Estatutaria No. 105 de 2012 del Senado de la República presentado por diversas fuerzas sociales, su conformación sea más amplia y equitativa que incluya a todos los actores sociales, así como al gubernamental y al privado.
Brote urbano de leishmaniasis visceral en Neiva (Huila), 2012
Authors: Zambrano Hernandez Clara del Pilar , Ayala Sotelo Martha Stella , Fuya Oviedo Olga Patricia , Montenegro Puentes Carlos Andres , Aya Vanegas Nancy Milena , Rodriguez Toro José Gerzain , Becerra Osorio Silvia Lorena , Aguilera Jaramillo Germán , Lozano Polanco Carlos Alberto , Rojas Garcia María Clemencia , Blásquez Octavio
Published: December 2015

Objetivo Estudiar clínica y epidemiológicamente focos de LV urbana en Neiva (Huila).

Materiales y Métodos Seis niños consultaron por hepato-esplenomegalia. Presentaban anemia y leucopenia. Se realizó biopsia por aspiración de medula ósea (5 pacientes) y de bazo (1 paciente). Se hizo búsqueda activa de casos en la comunidad y de anticuerpos anti-Leishmania infantum por inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) en los sintomáticos y en reservorios caninos (IFI, rK39). Se hicieron visitas domiciliarias para educación comunitaria y búsqueda de vectores. Los pacientes recibieron Miltefosina, Anfotericina B o Glucantime®.

Resultados Se confirmó LV en siete niños. En seis, el aspirado de medula ósea o bazo demostró amastigotes. La IFI fue positiva en 4 pacientes y negativa en 3. Un niño se detectó por búsqueda activa comunitaria, con clínica de LV, confirmada por IFI (1:32). La miltefosina no fue útil en 6 de los 7 casos. La Anfotericina B liposomal o deoxicolato, curó 6 pacientes y el Glucantime® uno. La seroprevalencia en 1182 caninos (IFI y rK39) fue de 6.1 %; los animales positivos fueron sacrificados. Se demostró Lu. longipalpis, vector de LV, en el peridomicilio.

Conclusiones Demostramos LV urbana en dos comunas de Neiva. La confirmación diagnóstica incluyó aspiración de medula ósea e IFI. La Miltefosina no fue útil. La Anfotericina B liposomal fue la terapia ideal. Para controlar la LV es necesario hacer BAC, educación comunitaria, control de vectores y reservorios.
Identidad cultural, salud social y Estado Social de Derecho. El caso “Tesoro Quimbaya” Quindío, Colombia
Authors: Robledo Martínez Felipe Arturo
Published: December 2015

Se aborda el concepto de “identidad cultural”, como elemento cohesionador al interior de un grupo, en el marco de la historia y el territorio. Se plantea la relación de esta identidad cultural con símbolos de filiación y procedencia, tales como el patrimonio arqueológico; en este caso el “Tesoro Quimbaya”.

Se presenta la “salud social”, como la capacidad de una comunidad, inmersa en una cultura y en un territorio, de relacionarse saludablemente abrigando sentimientos de respaldo y confianza. Rudimentos de identificación como son los legados ancestrales, permiten crear una confesión de “pertenencia sociocultural” y autodeterminación de los pueblos, que concurren en la salud de una sociedad.

La autonomía de los pueblos y el reconocimiento de su diversidad se manifiestan en la noción de Estado Nación y de Estado Social de Derecho. En este documento se argumenta que aunque la construcción del estado fue una tarea política, no así la edificación de la nación, la cual resultó de un trabajo cultural previo; no obstante, los derechos historiales se reflejan en las constituciones establecidas.

El Tesoro Quimbaya fue donado a España como parte de la participación de Colombia en las ceremonias de conmemoración del IV centenario del “Descubrimiento de América”. El presente ensayo documenta los actos jurídicos que evidencian la inconstitucionalidad de tal donación y por lo tanto la posible repatriación del mismo.

Enfatiza la importancia de su repatriación, dado el valor que este representa como agente de la identidad cultural de los colombianos en general y de los quindianos en particular.
Participación de terapia ocupacional en contextos de conflicto armado y postconflicto
Authors: Peñas Felizzola Olga Luz , Gómez Galindo Ana María , Parra Esquivel Eliana Isabel
Published: December 2015

Objetivos Identificar experiencias profesionales de terapia ocupacional en contextos nacional e internacional de conflicto armado y postconflicto.

Métodos Revisión sistemática cualitativa de literatura 2005-2014, según cinco categorías analíticas: experiencias profesionales; problemáticas; poblaciones; referentes teóricos; y procedimientos.

Resultados Se recuperaron 78 trabajos. Contexto nacional: los modelos más empleados son ocupación humana y desempeño ocupacional realizante; la problemática más tratada es desplazamiento forzado. Contexto internacional: 19 países documentan experiencias; los modelos canadiense y rehabilitación basada en comunidad se emplean en mayor número; las principales problemáticas tratadas son desplazamiento forzado, condición de refugiados y atención a integrantes de la fuerza pública. En ambos contextos se destacan procedimientos como las actividades artísticas e intervenciones en bienestar social e inclusión sociolaboral.

Conclusiones Los trabajos de grado son la principal fuente de experiencias nacionales, aunque pocos están publicados; son escasos los trabajos con población victimaria (desmovilizados, desvinculados); cobra relevancia el sector rural como escenario típico del conflicto armado y contexto expulsor; se han introducido frecuentes categorías conceptuales y prácticas al quehacer, desde la perspectiva de la terapia ocupacional crítica, que afianzan el papel profesional en fenómenos de exclusión social y violencias, como agente de transformación que acude a la dimensión sociopolítica de la ocupación humana. Estos hallazgos plantean retos gremiales y académicos para publicar, abordar poblaciones no sólo en condición de víctimas, incursionar en la formación y ejercicio en contextos rurales y reconocer el papel profesional como agente que trasciende más allá de la dimensión salubrista de la ocupación humana. 
Caracterización de la formación y desempeño del talento humano que labora en Salud Ambiental en Colombia
Authors: Agudelo-Calderón Carlos A. , García-Ubaque Juan C. , Robledo-Martínez Rocío , García-Ubaque Cesar A.
Published: December 2015

Objetivos Caracterizar las particularidades en la formación, ejercicio y desempeño del talento humano que labora en salud ambiental en Colombia.

Método Revisión documental y de bases de datos, encuestas y entrevistas semiestructuradas.

Resultados Aproximadamente el 70 % de los profesionales que laboran en el área de salud ambiental son de: administración en salud, ingeniería de alimentos, ingeniería ambiental, ingeniería sanitaria, medicina veterinaria y química farmacéutica. El 63 % de los tecnólogos pertenecen a tecnología en saneamiento ambiental. Solo un 20 % de las instituciones educativas encuestadas aplica el enfoque por competencias para la formación de sus estudiantes y la identificación de características ocupacionales en el mercado laboral solo se utiliza en el nivel de pregrado como un criterio de análisis y diseño académico. Únicamente el 20% de las instituciones educativas identifica tendencias educativas nacionales y/o internacionales en salud ambiental como insumo de sus programas. En el ejercicio prospectivo se identificaron los siguientes temas para fortalecer: identificación, medición y control de factores de riesgo, diseño e implementación de mecanismos de control de los riesgos ambientales, formas de trabajo interdisciplinario entre las ciencias naturales, sociales y de salud, medidas preventivas y de protección ambiental y concepto de ambiente (natural, social y cultural).

Conclusión El talento humano que actualmente labora en salud ambiental en el país está concentrado en actividades de atención primaria (inspección, vigilancia y control) y existe una gran dispersión en los procesos misionales y en las competencias tanto a nivel profesional como tecnológico. Se aprecia desarticulación entre el sector ambiental y el sector educativo. Existe una gran diversidad entre los perfiles ofrecidos por los diferentes programas educativos relacionados con salud ambiental. 
Frequencies of feline blood types in Hungary
Authors: Bagdi Nóra , Magdus Melinda , Leidinger E. , Leidinger Judith , Vörös K.
Published: December 2015

Feline blood group determination is done as a routine diagnostic method in numerous countries. Blood transfusion reactions and feline neonatal isoerythrolysis (FNI) can be avoided with the identification of different feline blood groups. The present study is the first investigation in Hungary during which 100 cats have been examined from all over the country. These cats were out of six breeds: European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Persian, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair. In the Hungarian feline population European domestic shorthair are most common but other breeds also occur. European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair individuals all belonged to blood type A (100%). Blood type B was found very rarely and only in Persian cats. One-third of the Persian cats were categorised into blood type B, whilst type AB was not found during the study.
Decreasing half-life of dieldrin in egg yolk following a single oral administration of aldrin to laying hens
Authors: Furusawa N.
Published: December 2015

Laying hens were treated orally with a single dose of aldrin (AD) 1 mg/kg body weight. Concentrations (μg/g) of AD or its epoxide (= dieldrin, DD) in the yolk of eggs laid for 21 days after AD treatment were determined by normalphase high-performance liquid chromatography. The limits of determination were 0.02 μg/g for AD and 0.03 μg/g for DD, respectively. After AD treatment, although the low levels of AD (mean 0.02–0.03 μg/g) were observed only during a three-day period (from 4th to 6th days), DD (mean 0.15 μg/g) was found already on the 2nd day, indicating that the epoxidation of AD to DD in the hen’s body is rapid. The highest level of DD (mean 0.40 μg/g) was detected on the 6th day, and then DD levels decreased slowly and were detected up to the 21st day. In this decreasing phase, the half-life of DD in the yolk was estimated to be 25.6 days with a 95% confidence interval from 22.7 to 29.4 days.
EHV-1 gene63 is not essential for in vivo replication in horses and mice, nor does it affect reactivation in the horse: Short Communication
Authors: Iqbal J. , Purewal A. S. , Edington N.
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of immediate early gene (gene63) in the pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) acute and latent infections in equine and murine models. EHV-1 gene63 mutant virus (g63mut) along with EHV-1 (Ab4) was used for intracerebral and intranasal infection of 3 and 17-day-old mice. Both viruses were recovered at the same frequency from tissues after infection. Two Welsh ponies were infected via the intranasal route with each of the viruses. Acute infection was monitored by virus isolation from nasal swabs and peripheral blood leukocytes. Six weeks post infection, peripheral blood leukocytes were taken from ponies and in vitro reactivation was positive for both viruses. At autopsy, both viruses were isolated by co-cultivation from bronchial and submandibular lymph nodes. These findings indicate that the mutation of EHV-1 gene63 does not play a role in the establishment and reactivation from latency.
Testing of a chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for selective detection of E. coli O157 from ground beef samples
Authors: Domján Kovács Hajnalka , Rásky Klára
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate a Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay (CLIA) developed for the detection of E. coli O157:H7, using different E. coli O157 serotypes. The sensitivity and specificity of the kit were determined from the tenfold dilutions of the 24-hour broth cultures of the test strains. According to the results obtained in this trial, the sensitivity of the kit is 103–104 cells ml−1, and it is specific for E. coli O157. Twenty-five g ground raw beef samples were prepared and inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at different CFU g−1. The samples were incubated in 225 ml of modified E. coli broth with novobiocin (mEC + n) at 42 °C for 4 h and the immunoassays were performed following the instructions of the manufacturer. According to the results obtained by the CLIA test 101–102E. coli O157 g−1 can be detected from the sample. So this kit seems to be suitable for screening the samples before selective cultivation of E. coli O157:H7.
Alteration of body composition in rats: Effect of organic chromium and L-carnitine
Authors: Fekete S. , Szakáll I. , Kósa Emma , Andrásofszky Emese , Fodor Kinga , Hidas A. , Tőzsér J.
Published: December 2015

A growth trial was carried out to test the effect of organic, trivalent chromium and L-carnitine on the body composition of growing rats. At the same time, an evaluation of different measurement methods (weight of epididymal fat pad, adipocyte morphometry, total body electrical conductivity) was performed. Outbred Wistar rats of 30 days of age were fed diets of different (0, 10 and 20%) protein level. The diets were supplemented with 4 mg/kg Cr as chromium nicotinate, and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine. The experimental feeding lasted 15 days, after a 5-day-long adjustment period. It was found that Cr addition increased feed intake. Both treatments caused changes in body composition, increasing fat and protein deposition. Organic chromium had no effect at either protein level, while L-carnitine improved the protein retention only at an optimum (20%) protein supply. No statistically significant correlation was found between total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) and body composition, which could be attributed to the great individual differences. A close correlation was found among total body fat percentage, weight of epididymal fat pad and the adipocyte surface. The data suggest that there is an interaction between dietary protein supply and the effect of repartitioning agents.
Influence of feeding intensity on corporeal development, body composition and sexual maturity in female rabbits
Authors: Fodor Kinga , Fekete S. Gy. , Zöldág L. , Bersényi A. , Gáspárdy A. , Andrásofszky Emese , Kulcsár Margit , Eszes F.
Published: December 2015

Twenty-six 6-week old female New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups: ad libitum (AL) and 70% restricted (RS) feeding. At the beginning of the experiment the liveweights were practically the same: 0.99 ± 0.08 vs. 1.01 ± 0.08 kg in group AL and RS, respectively. At 18 weeks of age the body weight of Group RS rabbits was 84.7% (3.14 ± 0.24 kg) of the group AL (3.71 ± 0.31 kg). The apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in Group RS than in Group AL (76.5 ± 1.4 vs. 73.0 ± 2.7%). The daily water consumption was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (3.5 ml/g DM intake) in Group RS as compared to Group AL (1.9 ml/g DM). Since the average body weight in Group RS at 18 weeks was the same as that of Group AL at 14 weeks of age (3.14 kg), the comparison of the live body measures and indices was based on these ages. Animals fed ad libitum or restricted show no differences at the defined age in most live body measurements except in heart girth and rump width, which were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter in Group AL than in Group RS (29.3 ± 0.8, 5.7 ± 0.5 and 30.7 ± 1.0, 6.2 ± 0.3 cm, respectively). Body capacity was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller in Group AL, as the head capacity-body capacity proportion was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Group AL than in Group RS (1653.1 ± 134.5, 22.0 ± 2.5 and 1913.7 ± 168.7, 17.7 ± 1.9, respectively). Due to restricted feeding the growth of the head proved to be less intensive than that of the body at the same body weight. The body in these does tended to be wider. Since the head in comparison to length or capacity of the body was smaller in does fed 70% of ad libitum, it could be concluded that the development of body parts of restricted-fed does was unequal (allometric growth). The effect of feed restriction reflected in lower dry matter and fat, and a higher ash and protein content both in total body and in dry matter composition of rabbits at 18 weeks of age. Restricted feeding delayed sexual maturity (69 vs. 92% of rabbits) with later starting ovarian activity, weaker ovarian responsiveness, and a smaller number of tertiary follicles on the ovarian surface.
Erythrocyte osmotic fragility test as the measure of defence against free radicals in rabbits of different age
Authors: Brzezińska-Ślebodzińska Ewa
Published: December 2015

Peroxidation of the unsaturated bonds of membrane lipids increases fragility and cellular lysis of red blood cells. Erythrocyte susceptibility to the free radicals (peroxyl radicals) generated in vitro by 2,2′-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) was evaluated and expressed as 50% maximal haemolysis time (HT50) in 3 groups of rabbits of different age. Erythrocytes of 1.5-month-old rabbits were more sensitive to free radicals than those of 3.5- and 6-month-old ones. In the three groups, significant negative correlation (r = −0.8 to −0.98) between the lipid peroxidation rate (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS concentration) in blood plasma and the erythrocyte resistance to free radicals was found. This result suggests that the plasma antioxidant defence system is interrelated with that of the red blood cells and that the erythrocytes can be a good model for studies of oxidative stress. The simple haemolysis test reflecting the free radical defence can be useful for evaluating the antioxidant properties of various compounds.
A simple way to reduce heat stress in laying hens as judged by egg laying, body weight gain and biochemical parameters
Authors: Şahin K. , Küçük O.
Published: December 2015

This study was designed to test the effects of feed withdrawal and darkening on the performance, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and some blood serum metabolite and mineral concentrations of laying hens reared at high ambient temperatures ranging from 25 to 35 °C. Ninety, 16-week-old hens (Ross Brown) were divided into 3 groups, 30 hens each. The first group was used as control. Hens in the second group (feed withdrawal) were subjected to feed removal from 14:00 to 18:00, and hens in the third group (darkening) were subjected to light restriction from 14:00 to 18:00 using black curtains. Liveweight, feed intake, and egg production were higher (P < 0.01) in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups, particularly in the darkening group, than in the control. Water intake was higher in the control group compared with the feed withdrawal and darkening groups (P < 0.01). T3, T4, and TSH concentrations in the serum were higher (P < 0.01), whereas ACTH serum concentration was lower (P < 0.01) in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups compared with the control. The haematocrit was higher in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups compared with the control (P < 0.01). Darkening and feed withdrawal treatments increased serum glucose, urea-N, uric acid, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, Ca, P, Na, and K concentrations, also the activities of amylase and alkaline phosphatase, but did not influence the activities of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). The present study found that feed withdrawal and darkening, particularly darkening, at high temperatures during the summer months offer a good management practice to reduce heat stress related depression in feed intake and egg production in laying hens.
Studies on factors affecting superovulation and embryo transfer in Hungarian Merino ewes
Authors: Cseh S. , Solti L.
Published: December 2015

The objectives of this study were (a) to assess the ovulatory response and embryo production of Hungarian Merino ewes after superovulation, (b) to investigate the factors influencing the efficiency of embryo transfer (ET) in Hungarian Merino ewes, (c) to compare the results of two ovarian stimulation protocols (PMSG and PMSG+FSH treatment) in Hungarian Merino ewes, and (d) to study how superovulation, laparoscopic insemination and surgical embryo retrieval (ER) affect the subsequent reproduction of Hungarian Merino donor females after an ET programme. There was no significant difference between the ovarian stimulation protocols in the ratio of donor ewes responding to superovulation nor in the average number of corpora lutea. However, the number of transferable embryos recovered per donor ewe was higher in the PMSG+FSH group. The proportion of transferable embryos, unfertilised oocytes and degenerated embryos did not differ between the treatment protocols. The total pregnancy rate was 53.4% (179/335). Neither the developmental stage of the embryo nor the number of transferred embryos affect the implantation of embryos. However, the increased number of transferred embryos positively influenced the pregnancy rate. No difference was found in the pregnancy rate between synchronised and nonsynchronised groups of recipients. Thirty-six out of 45 donor ewes (80%) became pregnant within one year after the ET programme, indicating that ovarian stimulation and surgical ER did not affect adversely their reproduction.