bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disability employment services under new public management: A comparison of Australia and Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Hsiu-shan , Lin Wan-I
Published: June 2016

In the 1990s, both Australia and Taiwan were influenced by new public management (NPM) and subsequently reformed their public employment services. However, the reforms of the two countries have led to divergent results. This study assumes that the essential differences lay in the mobilization capacity of the disabled rights advocacy organizations and the disability employment benefits. Taiwan’s disability employment services (supported employment), though privatized, are limited to nonprofit organizations (NPOs), while for-profit organizations (POs) remain absent in this area. In Australia, the employment services (open employment services for people with disabilities) have been privatized, and for-profit organizations are encouraged to compete with one another to enhance the service quality and to reduce the costs. By providing job-search benefits for disabled people and implementing workfare policy, the Australian government reforms have resulted in the change of the relationship between the government and the citizens. In contrast, since the Taiwanese government never provided sufficient social welfare benefits for disabled people, they have to actively seek employment not after encouragement from the government, but as a result of their desperate need to earn a living. Despite the two countries’ differences, the force of neoliberalism, along with NPM, ostensibly continues to be a part of their employment policies for the socially underprivileged.
Low velocity impact response of composites and fiber metal laminates with open holes
Authors: Rubio-González C , José-Trujillo E , Chávez F , Ruiz A
Published: June 2016

Low-velocity impact response of glass/epoxy composite plates and fiber metal laminates with and without holes is investigated. The critical parameters that affect the delamination characteristics of laminates are impact energy, holes separation distance, type and directionality of fibers. An experimental investigation has been conducted to evaluate the effect of the presence of holes and the incorporation of aluminum layers in the extent of delamination. The extent of damage introduced during the impact event was observed on images obtained from C-scan non-destructive ultrasonic technique. Results indicate that fiber metal laminate made with aluminum layers exhibits an improved dynamic response in comparison with that of conventional laminates. The beneficial effect of using aluminum layers to reduce the extent of delamination produced by impact loading especially on laminates with holes is demonstrated. Furthermore, fiber metal laminates show better load carrying capability than conventional composite plates. The better response of fiber metal laminate with multidirectional fabric in comparison with fiber metal laminate with woven fabric is also examined. These results may be useful to better design the location of holes in composite structures.
The Role of Fairness in the Adjustment of Adolescent Boys to Pretrial Detention
Authors: Cesaroni Carla , Peterson-Badali Michele
Published: June 2016

This article explores one key aspect of staff/prisoner relations—the role of fairness—as a predictor of young people’s adjustment to pre-trial detention. Participants were one hundred thirty-seven 13- to 19-year-old youth held in one of five secure youth detention centers in southern Ontario, Canada. Findings from this study suggest that youth with high levels of pre-existing vulnerability and prison stress who were more fearful and felt that staff did not treat them fairly were more likely to experience poorer adjustment. Fairness would, therefore, appear to be an important component of staff/prisoner relationships and of adjustment while incarcerated.
Saved, Salvaged, or Sunk
Authors: Schaefer Lacey , Sams Tara , Lux Jennifer
Published: June 2016

Following the recent economic downturn, the religious roots of American corrections have begun to repopularize. While faith-based correctional interventions are common, there is very little known about their effectiveness with offender populations. Drawn from 15 studies, 57 effect sizes were calculated to estimate the average impact of religious prison programming on inmate attitudes and disciplinary infractions. Producing a weighted mean effect size of −.23 ( g = −0.45 for attitudinal adjustments, g = −0.15 for institutional misconduct), the results indicate that religious interventions produce a modest but significant alteration to offender values and behaviors.
Syllable Frequency and Spoken Word Recognition
Authors: González-Alvarez Julio , Palomar-García María-Angeles
Published: June 2016

Research has shown that syllables play a relevant role in lexical access in Spanish, a shallow language with a transparent syllabic structure. Syllable frequency has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on visual word recognition in Spanish. However, no study has examined the syllable frequency effect on spoken word recognition. The present study tested the effect of the frequency of the first syllable on recognition of spoken Spanish words. A sample of 45 young adults (33 women, 12 men; M = 20.4, SD = 2.8; college students) performed an auditory lexical decision on 128 Spanish disyllabic words and 128 disyllabic nonwords. Words were selected so that lexical and first syllable frequency were manipulated in a within-subject 2 × 2 design, and six additional independent variables were controlled: token positional frequency of the second syllable, number of phonemes, position of lexical stress, number of phonological neighbors, number of phonological neighbors that have higher frequencies than the word, and acoustical durations measured in milliseconds. Decision latencies and error rates were submitted to linear mixed models analysis. Results showed a typical facilitatory effect of the lexical frequency and, importantly, an inhibitory effect of the first syllable frequency on reaction times and error rates.
Personal indebtedness, community characteristics and theft crimes
Authors: McIntyre Stuart G
Published: June 2016

Debt played a central role in the Great Recession, both in its cause and in its resolution, and once again, concern is rising about household indebtedness. This paper examines the relationship between personal indebtedness and theft crime using information on personal debt default. This paper builds on an established literature examining economic conditions and community crime rates, with an analytical framework provided by ‘the market model of crime’. Our paper is motivated from the economic, sociology and criminology literatures, and extends to a fuller consideration of the relationship between economic hardship and theft crimes in an urban setting. In particular, the sociology and criminology literature permit a much deeper understanding of the human behaviour and motivations underpinning the relationships represented in the market model. Using data available at the neighbourhood level for London, UK on county court judgements (CCJs) granted against residents in each neighbourhood as our measure of personal indebtedness, we examine the relationship between this measure and a range of community characteristics, and the observed pattern of theft crimes using spatial econometric methods. Our results confirm that theft crimes in London follow a spatial process, and that personal indebtedness is positively associated with theft crimes in London. We identify a number of interesting results, for instance that there is variation in the impact of covariates across crime types, and that the covariates which are important in explaining the pattern of each crime type are largely stable across the period considered in this analysis.1
The Threshold Effects of the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis: Evidence from a Cross-sectional Model
Authors: Chiu Yi-Bin , Yeh Lung-Tai
Published: June 2016

This study applies a threshold regression model and considers three tourism specialization indices as the threshold variables in order to explore the nonlinear relation among tourism growth, economic growth, and other macroeconomic variables for a cross-sectional data set of 84 countries. Our empirical results show strong evidence of a nonlinear relation between tourism growth and economic growth, suggesting that it is not continuous and constant. The results do not support the view that one size fits all, and therefore countries with different conditions of tourism development experience various impacts on the tourism–growth nexus.
Robust time-varying output tracking control in the presence of actuator saturation
Authors: Binazadeh Tahereh , Bahmani Majid
Published: June 2016

This paper considers the problem of output tracking of a time-varying reference signal for a class of uncertain systems in the presence of actuator saturation. To achieve this capability, a new controller is proposed by robustifying the generalized composite nonlinear feedback control method with the integral sliding mode controller. Since the proposed controller may be saturated, a precise analysis is done to show its robust performance despite the presence of actuator saturation and model uncertainties. For this purpose, a theorem is given and proved that guarantees the robust output tracking via the proposed control law for three different cases of the saturation function and it is shown that even if the control signal is saturated, the proposed controller achieves output tracking of the time-varying reference signal. Also, in order to show the applicability of the proposed controller, it is applied on two practical systems, the XY-table and inertia wheel inverted pendulum. Computer simulations verify the theoretical results and also display the effective performance of the proposed controller.
Alternative Spatial Structure for Sustainable Rural Economy
Authors: Nakamura Daisuke
Published: June 2016

In developed countries with declining population growth, sustainable rural economic growth is a problematic issue that is made more difficult by severe international cost-saving competition. Well-organized spatial and economic systems may play a key role in solving this specific problem. These systems can be achieved by spatial reorganization and agglomeration economies in less congested rural areas. However, rural areas typically have lower levels of social welfare partly as a result of the limited variety of goods and services, which further reduces centripetal forces on population and economic activity. Accordingly, in rural areas, it may be important to organize a spatial structure that sustains the distribution of a variety of goods and services in insufficient economies of scale and scope by coordinating a common local central place as an interregional spatial framework. This article examines a location model for forming an intermediate hierarchical center to maintain both efficiency and equity for economic agents in rural areas.
Spatial Econometric Analysis of Urban and County-level Economic Growth Convergence in China
Authors: Li Guangdong , Fang Chuanglin
Published: June 2016

Economic growth convergence, one of the classical assumption in regional economic growth, has been perplexing. There are many empirical studies trying to test if there is regional convergence in China. In this article, we bring new information of the finer spatial scale to the existing literature by using neoclassical convergence analysis, cross-sectional specifications, panel data models, and spatial econometric techniques to test the convergence hypothesis across 2,286 cities and counties in China. Empirical findings from cross-sectional data and spatial panel data show that significant absolute β and conditional β convergence are present in gross domestic product per capita after controlling for investment return rate, human capital, savings rate, population growth, technology advancement, capital depreciation rate, and initial technology level. We also find spatial agglomeration in urban and county economic growth is strong, and spatial effects are significant. Urban and county economic growth convergence rates for 1992–2010 show a gradually accelerated development trend. We present significant evidence that levels of investment, human capital, and initial technology impose significant facilitating effects on city and county economic growth, while savings and population growth have significant negative effects. And city and county economic growth differ in terms of convergence levels and influential factors.
Refugee crisis, imperialism and pitiless wars on the poor
Authors: Khiabany Gholam
Published: June 2016

According to the UN Refugee Agency, 59.5 million people around the world were forcibly displaced in 2014. The numbers are particularly high in countries which have been subject to a process of ‘redrawing the map’ by imperial powers or their regional allies. The response to the recent developments – a stage which has been dubbed as ‘refugee crisis’ – is as polarising and as problematic as before. On the one hand we have witnessed the heroic acts not only of the refugees themselves who moved collectively and refused to queue ‘orderly’ in the immigration lines, but also the magnificent response of citizens in all over Europe who rushed to feed, clothe, accommodate and welcome them. In contrast the overwhelming institutional response by ‘liberal’ states has been, and remains, depressingly illiberal. The official response to this humanitarian crisis – which is after all the product of ‘humanitarian interventions’ – has nothing to do with whether or not Europe can cope with a ‘swarm of people’ aiming to exploit the ‘host’ countries. It is to do with managing a massive reserve army of labour. Forced migration is not only a product of this staggering inequality but also an important element of how that inequality is produced, maintained and managed.
The current state of research on ayahuasca: A systematic review of human studies assessing psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological functioning, and neuroimaging
Authors: dos Santos Rafael G , Balthazar Fermanda M , Bouso José C , Hallak Jaime EC
Published: June 2016

Rationale:

In recent decades, the use of ayahuasca (AYA) – a β-carboline- and dimethyltryptamine-rich hallucinogenic botanical preparation traditionally used by Northwestern Amazonian tribes for ritual and therapeutic purposes – has spread from South America to Europe and the USA, raising concerns about its possible toxicity and hopes of its therapeutic potential. Thus, it is important to analyze the acute, subacute, and long-term effects of AYA to assess its safety and toxicity.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of human studies assessing AYA effects on psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological functioning, and neuroimaging.

Methods:

Papers published until 16 December 2015 were included from PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases following a comprehensive search strategy and pre-determined set of criteria for article selection.

Results:

The review included 28 full-text articles. Acute AYA administration was well tolerated, increased introspection and positive mood, altered visual perceptions, activated frontal and paralimbic regions and decreased default mode network activity. It also improved planning and inhibitory control and impaired working memory, and showed antidepressive and antiaddictive potentials. Long-term AYA use was associated with increased cortical thickness of the anterior cingulate cortex and cortical thinning of the posterior cingulate cortex, which was inversely correlated to age of onset, intensity of prior AYA use, and spirituality. Subacute and long-term AYA use was not associated with increased psychopathology or cognitive deficits, being associated with enhanced mood and cognition, increased spirituality, and reduced impulsivity.

Conclusions:

Acute, subacute, and long-term AYA use seems to have low toxicity. Preliminary studies about potential therapeutic effects of AYA need replication due to their methodological limitations.
Oral administration of D-alanine in monkeys robustly increases plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels but experimental D-amino acid oxidase inhibitors had minimal effect
Authors: Rojas Camilo , Alt Jesse , Ator Nancy A , Wilmoth Heather , Rais Rana , Hin Niyada , DeVivo Michael , Popiolek Michael , Tsukamoto Takashi , Slusher Barbara S
Published: June 2016

Hypofunction of the N-methyl–d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is thought to exacerbate psychosis in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Consistent with this hypothesis, D-alanine, a co-agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor, was shown to improve positive and cognitive symptoms when used as add-on therapy for schizophrenia treatment. However, D-alanine had to be administered at high doses (~7 g) to observe clinical effects. One possible reason for the high dose is that D-alanine could be undergoing oxidation by D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) before it reaches the brain. If this is the case, the dose could be reduced by co-administration of D-alanine with a DAAO inhibitor (DAAOi). Early studies with rodents showed that co-administration of D-alanine with 5-chloro-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-ol (CBIO), a prototype DAAOi, significantly enhanced the levels of extracellular D-alanine in the frontal cortex compared with D-alanine alone. Further, the use of CBIO reduced the dose of D-alanine needed to attenuate prepulse inhibition deficits induced by dizocilpine. The objective of the work reported herein was to confirm the hypothesis that DAAO inhibition can enhance D-alanine exposure in a species closer to humans: non-human primates. We report that while oral D-alanine administration to baboons (10 mg/kg) enhanced D-alanine plasma and CSF levels over 20-fold versus endogenous levels, addition of experimental DAAOi to the regimen exhibited a 2.2-fold enhancement in plasma and no measurable effect on CSF levels. The results provide caution regarding the utility of DAAO inhibition to increase D-amino acid levels as treatment for patients with schizophrenia.
Direct current electrocorticography for clinical neuromonitoring of spreading depolarizations
Authors: Hartings Jed A , Li Chunyan , Hinzman Jason M , Shuttleworth C William , Ernst Griffin L , Dreier Jens P , Wilson J Adam , Andaluz Norberto , Foreman Brandon , Carlson Andrew P
Published: June 2016

Spreading depolarizations cause cortical electrical potential changes over a wide spectral range that includes slow potentials approaching the direct current (or 0 Hz) level. The negative direct current shift (<0.05 Hz) is an important identifier of cortical depolarization and its duration is a measure of potential tissue injury associated with longer lasting depolarizations. To determine the feasibility of monitoring the full signal bandwidth of spreading depolarizations in patients, we performed subdural electrocorticography using platinum electrode strips and direct current-coupled amplifiers in 27 patients with acute brain injury at two neurosurgical centers. While large baseline direct current offsets developed, loss of data due to amplifier saturation was minimal and rates of baseline drift throughout recordings were generally low. Transient negative direct current shifts of spreading depolarizations were easily recognized and in 306/551 (56%) cases had stereotyped, measurable characteristics. Following a standardized training session, novice scorers achieved a high degree of accuracy and interobserver reliability in identifying depolarizations, suggesting that direct current-coupled recordings can facilitate bedside diagnosis for future trials or clinical decision-making. We conclude that intracranial monitoring of slow potentials can be achieved with platinum electrodes and that unfiltered, direct current-coupled recordings are advantageous for identifying and assessing the impact of spreading depolarizations.
Patellar position in weight-bearing radiographs compared with non-weight-bearing: significance for the detection of osteoarthritis
Authors: Skou Nikolaj , Egund Niels
Published: June 2016

Background

Diagnosis and treatment of patellofemoral disorders including osteoarthritis are currently often based on imaging and clinical assessment with patients in the supine position.

Purpose

To evaluate differences in patellar position in the trochlear groove and to assess the detection of medial and lateral patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) on axial radiographs in supine and standing positions, respectively.

Material and Methods

Thirty-five women and 23 men (mean age, 56 years; age range, 18–87 years) referred for routine radiographic examinations of the knees were included. Axial radiographs of the PF joint in both supine non-weight-bearing and standing weight-bearing position in 30° knee flexion were obtained of 111 knees. Measurements performed on the radiographs: patellar tilt, patellar displacement, joint space width, and grade of OA according to Ahlbäck.

Results

From supine to standing position the patella moved medially and medial joint space width and lateral patellar tilt angle decreased ( P < 0.0001 for the three measured parameters). In the standing position, medial PF OA was observed in 19 knees compared to three knees in the supine position. Fourteen knees had lateral PF OA with almost unchanged grade of OA irrespective of position.

Conclusion

In weight-bearing positions, the patella is positioned medially in the trochlear groove compared to supine non-weight-bearing positions. Therefore, this study suggests that the common occurrence of medial PF OA can generally not be detected on axial radiographs in supine non-weight-bearing positions and confirms the importance of imaging the PF joint in standing weight-bearing positions.
Sex Differences in the Perceived Dominance and Prestige of Women With and Without Cosmetics
Authors: Mileva Viktoria R. , Jones Alex L. , Russell Richard , Little Anthony C.
Published: June 2016

Women wearing cosmetics have been associated with a higher earning potential and higher status jobs. However, recent literature suggests that status can be accrued through two distinct routes: dominance and prestige. In two experiments, we applied a standardized amount of cosmetics to female faces using computer software. We then asked participants to rate faces with and without cosmetics for various traits including attractiveness, dominance, and prestige. Men and women both rated the faces with cosmetics added as higher in attractiveness. However, only women rated faces with cosmetics as higher in dominance, while only men rated them as higher in prestige. In a follow-up study, we investigated whether these enhanced perceptions of dominance from women were caused by jealousy. We found that women experience more jealousy toward women with cosmetics, and view these women as more attractive to men and more promiscuous. Our findings suggest that cosmetics may function as an extended phenotype and can alter other’s perceptions differently depending on the perceiver’s sex.
“Heal the World”: A field experiment on the effects of music with prosocial lyrics on prosocial behavior
Authors: Ruth Nicolas
Published: June 2016

A significant amount of existing research has dealt with the negative effects of music on people’s behavior, but only a few studies have shown that music with prosocial lyrics can increase prosocial behavior. This study focuses on the positive effects of music with prosocial lyrics on people in an everyday setting. Based on the general learning model, a field experiment ( N = 256, 66% female) was conducted to test whether people exposed to music with prosocial lyrics engaged in more prosocial behavior by buying more fair trade products compared to regular products than did those exposed to songs with neutral lyrics. Guests of a café were randomly assigned to either the prosocial or the neutral music condition and were monitored by two observers who were instructed to report the prosocial purchase (of fair trade coffee) and tipping behavior of the guests. The results indicated that there is a significant positive association between prosocial behavior and the prosocial lyrics of the songs played. The study shows that it is most likely that music with prosocial lyrics can influence one’s prosocial purchase behavior in an everyday situation. The underlying mechanisms are still poorly researched, but these findings support the theoretical assumptions.
Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Reconviction in an Australian Sample of Forensic Patients
Authors: Shepherd Stephane M. , Campbell Rachel E. , Ogloff James R. P.
Published: June 2016

This study identified the presence of psychopathy (as measured by the PCL-R/PCL:SV instruments) and antisocial personality disorder (APD) and their relationship with future reconviction in an Australian forensic sample ( N = 136) of patients with a mental disorder. Patients were tracked for over 4 years postrelease to determine associations between a diagnosis of APD/psychopathy and reoffense. Patients with higher psychopathy scores were found to have an increased likelihood of reincarceration, a higher rate of reconviction, and were reconvicted earlier compared with patients with lower psychopathy scores. Patients with APD were more likely to be reconvicted and reincarcerated during the follow-up period than patients without an APD diagnosis. Despite demonstrating associations with general reconviction, the PCL instruments did not exhibit statistically significant relationships with violence. Implications for the clinical identification of personality disordered patients in forensic settings are discussed.
Shanghai swings: The Hongqiao project and competitive urbanism in the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Jiang Yanpeng , Waley Paul , Gonzalez Sara
Published: June 2016

That cities compete against each other is a cliché of the contemporary neoliberal condition, in which so much focus and energy is expended on a zero-sum-game of trying to outshine imagined rivals. In this article, we examine how this type of competition plays itself out in China, and more specifically in and around Shanghai, in the Yangtze River Delta. We argue that the competition here, principally for foreign and domestic inward investment, is intense and multi-scalar. It is fuelled in particular by China’s nested territorial administrative structure, leading to a situation that eventually involves all scales, from district to central government. We choose therefore the term competitive urbanism to encapsulate these multi-scalar and multi-directional competitive forces. Lying at the centre of this competitive urbanism in the Yangtze River Delta is the giant new Hongqiao project in west Shanghai, second only in expanse and ambition to Pudong. The Shanghai municipal government has promoted this project partly in response to competitive pressures from other cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and partly to swing the dynamic of growth westward within the city and link it better to its hinterland. In this way, Hongqiao is reinforcing and accelerating the competitive urbanism that characterizes China’s most prosperous region.
Politicizing ontology
Authors: Joronen Mikko , Häkli Jouni
Published: June 2016

This paper is a response to a growing body of geographical literature exploring the interface between ontology and politics. We develop an understanding that does not start by building ontological bedrocks, to which the question of politics is then rooted. Ontology building, we argue, operates against the essential possibility of the political invested in ontological openness, and thus remains blind to politics inconsistent with, but also practised upon, its own foundations. We propose a relation between the political and the ontological as questioning that grows from the events and situations, which ontologically position us in multiple and unexpected ways.
History and philosophy of geography I
Authors: Keighren Innes M.
Published: June 2016

This report takes as its prompt John K. Wright’s 1925 ‘plea for the history of geography’ – an early call for an inclusive account of geographical thought and practice, embracing both professional and amateur ways of knowing. In reflecting on the extent to which contemporary histories of geography realize the scope of Wright’s ambition, the paper considers how external pressures, such as neoliberalism and academia’s audit culture, function to shape and constrain the writing of those histories. The paper argues for the value of ‘slow’ scholarship as an act of political resistance and as a sine qua non of nuanced and comprehensive historiography. The report concludes by examining how biographical and genealogical approaches to narrating geography’s histories have important implications for the decisions made about inclusion and exclusion, about what and who counts in geography.
Urban wind resource assessment in changing climate: Case study
Authors: Romanic Djordje , Rasouli Ashkan , Hangan Horia
Published: June 2016

Urban wind resource assessment in changing climate has not been studied so far. This study presents a methodology for microscale numerical modelling of urban wind resource assessment in changing climate. The methodology is applied for a specific urban development in the city of Toronto, ON, Canada. It is shown that the speed of the southwest winds, that is, the most frequent winds increased for .8 m s−1 in the period from 1948 to 2015. The generated wind energy maps are used to estimate the influences of climate change on the available wind energy. It is shown that the geometry of irregularly spaced and located obstacles in urban environments has to be taken into consideration when performing studies on urban wind resource assessment in changing climate. In the analysed urban environment, peak speeds are more affected by climate change than the mean speeds.
OnabotulinumtoxinA improves quality of life and reduces impact of chronic migraine over one year of treatment: Pooled results from the PREEMPT randomized clinical trial program
Authors: Lipton Richard B , Rosen Noah L , Ailani Jessica , DeGryse Ronald E , Gillard Patrick J , Varon Sepideh F
Published: June 2016

Background

Chronic migraine (CM) is associated with high impact and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods

Patients with CM from PREEMPT (Phase 3 REsearch Evaluating Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy) were randomized (1:1) to receive onabotulinumtoxinA or placebo for two 12-week cycles in the double-blind (DB) phase, followed by three 12-week cycles of open-label (OL) onabotulinumtoxinA (onabotulinumtoxinA/onabotulinumtoxinA (O/O) and placebo/onabotulinumtoxinA (P/O) groups, respectively). HRQoL endpoints were assessed over 56 weeks using the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ). HIT-6 score reductions ≥2.3 and ≥5 denoted between-group minimally important difference and within-patient clinically meaningful response, respectively.

Results

A total of 1236 participants (O/O, n = 607; P/O, n = 629) participated in both phases. The DB phase showed significantly reduced HIT-6 and MSQ for onabotulinumtoxinA versus placebo (all p < 0.001). The OL phase showed significantly reduced HIT-6 for O/O versus P/O at weeks 28, 36, and 48, but not 56. All three MSQ domains showed improved HRQoL relative to baseline, but only the role restrictive domain showed a significant difference between O/O and P/O at week 56.

Conclusions

Benefits of onabotulinumtoxinA on HRQoL versus baseline persisted throughout the OL phase. Statistical superiority in favor of O/O was demonstrated for HIT-6 through 48 weeks and for MSQ (role restrictive) at 56 weeks.
The Importance of Item Wording
Authors: Blasberg Jonathan S. , Hewitt Paul L. , Flett Gordon L. , Sherry Simon B. , Chen Chang
Published: June 2016

In the current research, we illustrate the impact that item wording has on the content of personality scales and how differences in item wording influence empirical results. We present evidence indicating that items in certain scales used to measure “adaptive” perfectionism fail to capture the disabling all-or-nothing approach that is synonymous with the individual who is driven to attain perfection. Original and modified versions of two perfectionism measures of high personal standards and modified perfectionistic standards versions of these scales were administered to three samples of participants. A series of analyses established that item wording does indeed matter. In particular, our results differed for a modified version of the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised when the focus was on a conceptualization and assessment of perfectionism that is fundamentally different from conscientious striving. The current findings are discussed in terms of their implications for scale construction and item wording in general and for the measurement of perfectionism in particular. The specific implications of these findings are examined in terms of understanding dysfunctional perfectionism and the current debate about whether certain aspects of perfectionism are adaptive versus maladaptive.
Saskatchewan Revisited
Authors: Claypool Timothy R.
Published: June 2016

In honouring the tradition my esteemed colleagues have initiated, the opportunity to contribute to this Special Issue is appreciated. Previous authors, Saklofske and Grainger, had an iconic presence that continues to affect ongoing developments.A solid foundation of professional practice in an ever-changing and dynamic field of applied psychology had been set. So much of what was predicted by these seminal leaders is now a reality with additional changes and refinements on the horizon. Information garnered from practicing psychologists, academics engaged in training and research as well as the Saskatchewan College of Psychologists assisted with this current update.
Evaluation of Preoperative Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography (aEEG) Monitoring for Predicting Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome Among Infants Undergoing Major Surgery in the Neonatal Period
Authors: Mehta Bhavesh , Hunt Rodney , Walker Karen , Badawi Nadia
Published: June 2016

The authors aimed to evaluate preoperative amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) patterns for predicting neurodevelopmental outcome among infants undergoing major surgery in the neonatal period. They retrospectively reviewed the preoperative aEEG data of 58 neonates who had undergone major neonatal surgery between 2006 and 2008. The authors classified aEEGs using a weighted background score. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 3 years of age using the Bayley Scales of Toddler and Infant Development III. Over a third of infants (36%) showed an abnormal aEEG background. Seizure activity was identified in 11 (19%) infants. The majority (68%) of infants had developmental delay, with no significant differences between cardiac and other surgery groups. Logistic regression found no statistically significant but some clinically important associations between aEEG background and neurodevelopmental outcome. Comorbidity was associated with worse outcomes. While the predictive utility of aEEG in this population remains unclear, the findings suggest that further research is warranted.
Motor Difficulties and Their Effect on Participation in School-Aged Children
Authors: Mimouni-Bloch Aviva , Tsadok-Cohen Michal , Bart Orit
Published: June 2016

Purpose:

The purpose was to examine whether children diagnosed with motor problems in the preschool period still exhibit motor problems at school age and the impact of these difficulties on participation.

Method:

The study group comprised 60 children 7-12 years old who were referred to occupational therapy 4-6 years prior to study initiation due to motor difficulties. The control group comprised 28 age-matched children with typical development. Parents completed the Participation, Developmental Coordination Disorder and Performance Skill Questionnaire 4-6 years after treatment.

Results:

Significant differences were found between children with and without motor difficulties in motor function, but not in any of the participation domains except for parental satisfaction. Children in the control group had significantly higher scores than children with motor difficulties in motor and process skills.

Conclusions:

Motor difficulties persist into school years. Children with motor difficulties manifest performance skill problems, however they succeed in narrowing the gap and participate similar to their peers.
A biodegradable antibiotic-eluting PLGA nanofiber-loaded deproteinized bone for treatment of infected rabbit bone defects
Authors: Gao Jianting , Huang Guofeng , Liu Guojun , Liu Yan , Chen Qi , Ren Lei , Chen Changqing , Ding Zhenqi
Published: June 2016

We fabricated a biodegradable antibiotic-eluting poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide nanofiber-loaded deproteinized bone (ANDB) scaffold that provided sustained delivery of vancomycin to repair methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bone defects. To fabricate the biodegradable ANDB, poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide and vancomycin were first dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propano. The solution was then electrospun to produce biodegradable antibiotic-eluting membranes that were deposited on the surface of bovine deproteinized cancellous bone. We used scanning electron microscopy to determine the properties of the scaffold. Both elution and high-performance liquid chromatography assays were used to evaluate the in vitro vancomycin release rate from the ANDB scaffold. Three types of scaffolds were co-cultured with bacteria to confirm the in vitro antibacterial activity. The infected bone defect rabbit model was induced by injecting 107 colony forming units of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain into the radial defect of rabbits. Animals were then separated into treatment groups and implanted according to the following scheme: ANDB scaffold in group A, poly(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide nanofiber-loaded deproteinized bone (NDB) scaffold with intravenous (i.v.) vancomycin in group B, and NDB scaffold alone in group C. Treatment efficacy was evaluated after eight weeks using radiological, microbiological, and histological examinations. In vitro results revealed that biodegradable ANDB scaffolds released concentrations of vancomycin that were greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration for more than four weeks. Bacterial inhibition tests also confirmed antibacterial efficacy lasted for approximately four weeks. Radiological and histological scores obtained in vivo revealed significant differences between groups A, B and C. Importantly, group A had significantly lower bacterial load and better bone regeneration when compared to either group B or C. Collectively, these results show that our fabricated ANDB scaffolds possess: (1) effective bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, (2) the ability to promote site-specific bone regeneration, and (3) the potential for use in the treatment of infected bone defects.
Preparation and characterization of a copper@polyimide core–shell structure via an in situ induction/imidization route
Authors: Zhou Haoran , Wang Dexin , Qu Chunyan , Liu Changwei , Mao Shanshan
Published: June 2016

Based on the combination of an in situ induction and imidization method for improving the interface bonding of an inorganic material and a polymer, copper@polyimide (Cu@PI) core–shell composite particles have been successfully prepared from poly(amic acid) ammonium salts (PAAS) and a Cu complex via a simple solvothermal process. The structures and the morphologies of the samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. It was found that PAAS formed PI via a thermal imidization and subsequently precipitated in the solvent. Through crystallization induction, it then successfully coated on the surface of the formed Cu particles. Based on thermo gravimetric analyses curves and due to no Cu oxidation reactions taking place in the core coated with high-temperature-resistant PI, the weight increase was determined to be 106.4%, instead of up to 124.0% in samples consisting of pure Cu.
Playing With Antidepressants: Perspectives From Indian Australians and Anglo-Australians Living With Depression
Authors: Brijnath Bianca , Antoniades Josefine
Published: June 2016

Patient perspectives were explored on the meaning and experience of antidepressant use by applying Johan Huizinga’s theory of play to interviews from Indian Australians and Anglo-Australians diagnosed with depression. Through the analysis, the centrality of Huizinga’s “magic circle” emerged, that is, defining the boundaries within which one could safely play. Consumption of antidepressants involved learning, breaking, and modulating rules of the game of adherence, then forging a new “magic circle.” In these games, there were playful elements including experimentation, improvisation, absorption, and experiential learning. This application of Huizinga’s theory in relation to antidepressant use is a novel approach in the literature on medication non/adherence. This application not only opens a new theoretical line of inquiry but also shows that antidepressant non/adherence is not a static practice but dynamic and changing, revealing critical insights around participant’s agency, capabilities, desires, and notions of selfhood with regard to managing their depression and conceptualizing their recovery.
The Practice of Professional Doctorates
Authors: Simpson Colin , Sommer Daniela
Published: June 2016

In light of the prominent role of socio-materiality in contemporary social scientific, and particularly educational research, this article uses two practice-based theories to investigate the experiences of German business management professionals on a U.K.-based DBA delivered in Germany. We specifically take concepts from cultural historical activity theory and actor network theory to explore the evolving relationships between professional and academic identities as revealed in qualitative interviews with individual students and supervising faculty. The discussion underlines the potential of these theories to produce rich understandings of the identity formation of researching professionals. We conclude that professional doctorates should be seen not just as specific forms of advanced professional training but as complex and indeterminate processes. Findings suggest that earning a professional doctorate degree often feels like a journey leading to some form of metacognitive shift from a problem-solving mindset to a more critical appreciation of different ways of knowing.
Seismic-explosion risk-based robustness index of structures
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Gholamreza , Faghihmaleki Hadi
Published: June 2016

Nowadays public buildings, located in residential areas, are occasionally affected by unwanted and unexpected events. Structural robustness makes balance between local damages and comprehensive ones. This study suggests a new method to evaluate the risk-based robustness index in structures. Two critical events, namely earthquake and blast, are considered to evaluate the risk-based robustness index, both of which are regarded as compatible and interdependent so that an earthquake-related blast happens simultaneously or a little after the quake and as a result of gas leak or damage in mechanical and thermal facilities. Based on uncertainty parameters in both critical events, risk-based robustness index (as a result of earthquake and blast) also called "seismic-explosion risk-based robustness index”, is brought up by generating scenarios. Finally, in order to understand this method better, the article gives an example to evaluate this index on a reinforced concrete moment frame building. Eventually the results of this analysis are discussed.
Supervisor Prosocial Motivation, Employee Thriving, and Helping Behavior: A Trickle-Down Model of Psychological Safety
Authors: Frazier M. Lance , Tupper Christina
Published: June 2016

Although helping behaviors have increased in importance as work has become more interdependent, employees may be hesitant to help others for fear of it affecting their ability to complete their own tasks. Drawing from social learning theory and self-determination theory, we propose and test a multilevel model that examines the effects of supervisor prosocial motivation and psychological safety on employee psychological safety, thriving, and helping behaviors. Using data collected from 245 employees and 83 supervisors, the results of our study demonstrate support for a positive relationship between supervisor psychological safety and employee psychological safety. We also found positive indirect effects of supervisor prosocial motivation on employee psychological safety. Finally, we found that the relationship between employee psychological safety and both helping behaviors and task performance occurred indirectly through employee thriving. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings and also make suggestions for future research directions.
How Do Money and Time Restrictions Influence Self-Constraining Behavior in Polluting the Commons?
Authors: Arbuthnott Katherine , Scerbe Andrea
Published: June 2016

Commons are resources shared by a group of people, and are studied using the commons dilemma paradigm. Despite Hardin’s prediction that the only sustainable management options are government regulation or private ownership, sustainable commons management has been observed with unregulated groups; however, global commons such as the atmosphere and oceans seem to conform to the prediction of “tragedy” because self-interests among users lead to degradation of the commons through overuse. The present study examined whether the factors of commons type (consumption or waste disposal) and cost (money or time) influence individual self-constraint in harvesting/polluting decisions to prolong the longevity of the shared resource, in the absence of social communication. Results indicate an interaction of the two factors: Individual self-constraint was greatest with the combination of disposal commons and time cost. These findings suggest that creative strategies to manage global commons may be possible, at least for waste-disposal commons.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Questionnaire on the Health Staff’s Perceptions Regarding Doutores da Alegria’s Interventions
Authors: Masetti Morgana , Caires Susana , Brandão Daniel , Vieira Diana Aguiar
Published: June 2016

A confirmatory analysis was performed to validate the Questionnaire on the Health Staff’s Perceptions Regarding Doutores da Alegria’s Intervention, a 40-item instrument designed to assess pediatric staff’s perceptions regarding the effects of Doutores da Alegria, a Brazilian hospital clowning professional organization. Eight dimensions were evaluated: the permanence of Doutores da Alegria’s interventions; Doutores da Alegria’s intrapersonal and interpersonal effects on their relation to health staff; themselves; staff–children; and staff–family relationships; as well as their effect on staff’s cultural development; children’s relation to their own disease; and families’ attitude regarding their child’s condition. In all, 567 health professionals from 13 Brazilian hospitals participated. The instrument’s good psychometric features are acknowledged.