bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enviro-friendly Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Utilization for Water Purification
Authors: Kamaluddin Huda Sharbini , Narasimharao Katabathini
Published: February 2024

The enhanced development of modern technologies results in severe problems for resources needed for life, such as water, air, land, etc. Water is a crucial and essential resource for living organisms (humans, plants, animals, etc.), and the demand for fresh water is increasing with the growth in the human population and the rise in living standards. When water is contaminated with hazardous chemicals (organic and inorganic), this causes a severe threat to human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, water treatment and reducing pollution is a challenging issue. Over the years, several technologies have been developed and utilized for the removal of contaminants from water: for instance, reverse osmosis, precipitation, filtration, ion exchange, coagulation, photocatalysis, and adsorption. Among these, photocatalysis and adsorption processes are well recognized for removing organic and inorganic pollutants. However, most materials utilized in these processes for water purification have an additional environmental problem, due to the complex synthesis procedures for photocatalysts and adsorbents following traditional methods. To avoid further pollution problems, alternative green synthesis approaches are required. Because green synthesis methods are less toxic or non-toxic and eco-friendly to the environment, in this chapter we aim to provide a comprehensive review of recent progress achieved in green synthesis approaches for the synthesis of different nanosized materials, such as metals, metal oxides, polymers, carbon-based materials, and zeolites, and their capability to remove organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater treatment. In addition, future perspectives and challenges related to using green synthesis methods for novel materials in water treatment are presented.
Running rings around protein cages: a case study of artificial TRAP cages
Authors: Gaweł Szymon , Naskalska Antonina , Osiński Norbert , Heddle Jonathan Gardiner
Published: February 2024

Proteins that constitute the capsids of viruses are well known for their ability to assemble into cage-like containers. Such containers can carry out useful tasks such as the delivery of cargoes to cells. Here we briefly review our work on naturally-occurring protein cages which were re-engineered to serve as containers. We focus on a completely artificial “TRAP-cage” and review its potential applications as a vaccine candidate and smart drug delivery system.
Reversing the stereoselectivity of intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition utilizing cucurbit[8]uril as a molecular flask
Authors: Qiu Xujun , Seibert Jasmin , Fuhr Olaf , Biedermann Frank , Bräse Stefan
Published: February 2024

Molecular flask cucurbit[8]uril completely reverses the stereoselectivity of intramolecular [2+2] photo-cycloaddition reactions and triggers the unreactive diene to be reactive.
A closer look at ligand specificity for cellular activation of NOD2 with synthetic muramyl dipeptide analogues
Authors: Adamson Christopher , Liang Yaquan , Feng Shiliu , Ng Allan Wee Ren , Qiao Yuan
Published: February 2024

To further understand the specificity of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) sensing by NOD2, we evaluated the compatibility of synthetic MDP analogues for cellular uptake and NAGK phosphorylation, the pre-requisite steps of intracellular NOD2 activation.
An allosteric palindromic hairpin probe based dual-mode interactive strand displacement amplification enables robust miRNA biosensing
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhou Tong , Xue Danni , Yang Haidong , Sui Zhuqi , Yuan Xinyue , Xu Jianguo
Published: February 2024

An allosteric palindromic hairpin probe enables a dimer-G-triplex-productive dual-mode interactive strand displacement amplification in miRNA biosensing with improved signal preservation and response.
Polymorphism and orientation control of copper-dicarboxylate metal–organic framework thin films through vapour- and liquid-phase growth
Authors: Rubio-Giménez Víctor , Carraro Francesco , Hofer Sebastian , Fratschko Mario , Stassin Timothée , Rodríguez-Hermida Sabina , Schrode Benedikt , Barba Luisa , Resel Roland , Falcaro Paolo , Ameloot Rob
Published: February 2024

Liquid- and vapour-phase conversion of aligned Cu(OH)2 nanobelts into crystalline coatings of Cu-BDC and Cu-CDC MOFs, leads to differences in the crystal phase, morphology and crystallographic orientation.
Structural chemistry of penta- and hexanitrato thorium(iv) complexes isolated using N–H donors
Authors: Shore Madeline C. , Nicholas Aaron D. , Vasiliu Monica , Edwards Kyle C. , de Melo Gabriel F. , Bertke Jeffery A. , Dixon David A. , Knope Karah E.
Published: February 2024

Fifteen Th(iv)–nitrate compounds, consisting of [Th(NO3)5(H2O)2]1− or [Th(NO3)6]2− units, were isolated from aqueous solution using a series of N–H heterocycles.
Cyclopentene ring effects in cyanine dyes: a handle to fine-tune photophysical properties
Authors: P. Neme Natália , Jansen Thomas L. C. , Havenith Remco W. A.
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the photophysical properties of a cyanine dye analogue by performing first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-DFT.
Spiral gas–solid two-phase flow continuous mechanochemical synthesis of salophen complexes and catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Song Yong , Jin Zhiyuan , Zhang Juan , Jin Bo , Peng Rufang
Published: February 2024

Four salophen complexes were prepared using the spiral gas–solid two-phase flow (S-GSF) technique and applied to catalyze AP, reducing the high-temperature decomposition peak of AP and its activation energy.
Zero-dimensional hybrid tin halides with stable broadband light emissions
Authors: Lv Jing-Ning , Zhang Jie , Liu Yu-Meng , Zhang Shao-Ya , Deng Xiang-Yuan , Xu Man , Lei Xiao-Wu , Chen Zhi-Wei , Yue Cheng-Yang
Published: February 2024

Two new Sn2+-based 0D halides with [SnX5]3− as the optically active center were prepared, which displayed intrinsic broadband emissions with excellent chemical and thermal stabilities.
Fabrication of carbon-based materials derived from a cobalt-based organic framework for enhancing photocatalytic degradation of dyes
Authors: Ma Wan-Lin , Zhang Ya-Qian , Li Wen-Ze , Li Jing , Luan Jian
Published: February 2024

A series of carbon-based materials were derived from a novel Co-MOF at different temperatures by pyrolysis. The photocatalytic degradation performance of the title materials under UV irradiation was investigated in detail.
Morphology-controlled synthesis of novel nanostructured Li4P2O7 with enhanced Li-ion conductivity for all-solid-state battery applications
Authors: El-Shinawi Hany , Cussen Edmund J. , Cussen Serena A.
Published: February 2024

Li4P2O7 is synthesized in a new tailored nanostructured morphology that could be densified by cold-pressing, offering a solid-electrolyte phase of enhanced Li-ion conductivity and phase stability at high voltages (>5 V vs. Li+/Li).
Valorization of bio-renewable glycerol by catalytic amination reactions
Authors: Kumawat Sandeep , Singh Sunidhi , Bhatt Tarun , Maurya Anjali , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar , Natte Kishore , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V.
Published: February 2024

Production of value-added chemicals from renewable feedstocks is an attractive platform to alleviate the shortage of petroleum resources and to minimize CO2 emissions.
Rational synthesis and characterization of temperature switching ZnFe2O4/ZnO nanocomposites used for anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and seed germination properties
Authors: Basak Shatarupa , Sikdar Suranjan , Ali Salim , Mondal Modhusudan , Haydar Md Salman , Sarkar Kushankur , Chowdhury Monoranjan , Roy Mahendra Nath
Published: February 2024

A detailed study of the changes in structural, morphological and biological activities of ZnFe2O4/ZnO nanocomposites with calcination temperatures.
Facile synthesis of multifunctional magnetic porous organic polymers with high catalytic performance and dye adsorption capacity
Authors: Nouri Parouch Ahmad , Koukabi Nadiya
Published: February 2024

Multifunctional magnetic porous organic polymers (MOPs) rich in sulfide and free phenolic hydroxyl groups were synthesized. The MOPs exhibit a large surface area and can interact strongly with metal ions and cationic dyes, including methylene blue.
Sustainable hierarchically porous carbons from bio-oil to remove emerging contaminants
Authors: de Freitas Filho Rubens Lucas , Oliveira Lucas Coelho de , Silva Ingrid Fernandes , Almeida Vitor Fernandes , Teixeira Ana Paula de Carvalho
Published: February 2024

This work refers to the sustainable production of high-value-added products from biomass residues for application in the removal of environmental contaminants.
Reasonably designed CuSbTiOx series catalysts with high NH3-SCR activity and obviously improved SO2 tolerance
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Yan Zhen , Yu Yanke , Li Yanpeng
Published: February 2024

The mechanism for NOx reduction in CuSbTiOx-0.2 catalyst.
Motor crosslinking augments elasticity in active nematics
Authors: Redford Steven A. , Colen Jonathan , Shivers Jordan L. , Zemsky Sasha , Molaei Mehdi , Floyd Carlos , Ruijgrok Paul V. , Vitelli Vincenzo , Bryant Zev , Dinner Aaron R. , Gardel Margaret L.
Published: February 2024

In active materials, motor proteins produce activity while also modulating elasticity.
Multi-population dissolution in confined active fluids
Authors: Fylling Cayce , Tamayo Joshua , Gopinath Arvind , Theillard Maxime
Published: February 2024

Autonomous out-of-equilibrium agents or cells in suspension are ubiquitous in biology and engineering.
A low-cost machine learning framework for predicting drug–drug interactions based on fusion of multiple features and a parameter self-tuning strategy
Authors: Liang Zexiao , Lin Canxin , Tan Guoliang , Li Jianzhong , He Yan , Cai Shuting
Published: February 2024

Poly-drug therapy is now recognized as a crucial treatment, and the analysis of drug–drug interactions (DDIs) offers substantial theoretical support and guidance for its implementation.
High-performance CH3NH3PbI3:PbS nanorod-based photodetectors fabricated using a slot die technique
Authors: Tarkas Hemant , Rokade Abhilasha , Upasani Devashri , Sali Jaydeep , Waman Vaishali , Rokade Avinash , Jadkar Sandesh
Published: February 2024

Herein, we report a hydrothermal method to synthesize pure-phase stoichiometric PbS nanorods using different molar concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 and Na2S.
A Long-Term Follow-Up Study on the Auditory Performance and Speech Intelligibility of Mandarin-Speaking Prelingually Deaf Children With Isolated Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome After Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Meng Chao , Guo Qianqian , Kong Ying , Lyu Jing , Chen Xueqing
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the auditory performance and speech perception of 104 children with isolated large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) and 523 children with no inner ear malformation (IEM) for 5 years after cochlear implantation, in order to explore whether isolated LVAS can affect the long-term hearing and speech rehabilitation of deaf children after cochlear implantation.

Method:

A cohort study was established consisting of 627 children who underwent cochlear implantation at Beijing Tongren Hospital from 1999 to 2016. The children were examined at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after cochlear implantation to assess their auditory performance and speech perception using the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) questionnaires.

Results:

The CAP scores of the isolated LVAS group increased significantly during the baseline to the 24th month, after which they gradually rose until reaching the plateau during the 24th to the 60th month. The CAP scores of the non-IEM group increased significantly during the baseline to the 36th month and then increased steadily. The SIR scores went up significantly during the baseline to the 48th month, and increased in a gradual manner in other stages of isolated LVAS evaluation. In comparison, The SIR scores of non-IEM group grew remarkably from the baseline to the 60th month. There were no significant differences in the CAP or SIR scores between isolated LVAS and non-IEM groups in each stage of evaluation, with the only exception being the CAP score at baseline month after cochlear implantation.

Conclusions:

The CAP and SIR questionnaires are helpful tools for quantifying the early hearing and speech skills of younger prelingually deafened cochlear implant recipients. This long-term follow-up study shows that the speech and hearing development of children in isolated LVAS and non-IEM groups follow similar patterns, and isolated LVAS does not affect the long-term rehabilitation of deaf children after cochlear implantation.
The evolution of lithium in FGK dwarf stars
Authors: de Andrés F. Llorente , de la Reza R. , Cruz P. , Cuenda-Muñoz D. , Alfaro E. J. , Chavero C. , Cifuentes C.
Published: February 2024

This work aims to investigate the behaviour of the lithium abundance in stars with and without detected planets. Our study is based on a sample of 1332 FGK main-sequence stars with measured lithium abundances, for 257 of which planets were detected. Our method reviews the sample statistics and is addressed specifically to the influence of tides and orbital decay, with special attention to planets on close orbits, whose stellar rotational velocity is higher than the orbital period of the planet. In this case, tidal effects are much more pronounced. The analysis also covers the orbital decay on a short timescale, with planets spiralling into their parent star. Furthermore, the sample allows us to study the relation between the presence of planets and the physical properties of their host stars, such as the chromospheric activity, metallicity, and lithium abundance. In the case of a strong tidal influence, we cannot infer from any of the studies described that the behaviour of Li differs between stars that host planets and those that do not. Our sample includes stars with super-solar metallicity ([Fe/H] > 0.15 dex) and a low lithium abundance (A(Li) < 1.0 dex). This enabled us to analyse scenarios of the origin and existence of these stars. Considering the possible explanation of the F dip, we show that it is not a plausible scenario. Our analysis is based on a kinematic study and concludes that the possible time that elapsed in the travel from their birth places in the central regions of the Galaxy to their current positions in the solar neighbourhood is not enough to explain the high lithium depletion. It is remarkable that those of our high-metallicity low-lithium stars with the greatest eccentricity (e > 0.2) are closest to the Galactic centre. A dedicated study of a set of high-metallicity low-Li stars is needed to test the migration-depletion scenario.
Polarimetry of the Lyα envelope of the radio-quiet quasar SDSS J124020.91+145535.6
Authors: North P. , Hayes M. , Millon M. , Verhamme A. , Trebitsch M. , Blaizot J. , Courbin F. , Chelouche D.
Published: February 2024

The radio quiet quasar SDSS J1240+1455 lies at a redshift of z = 3.11, is surrounded by a Lyα blob (LAB), and is absorbed by a proximate damped Lyα system. In order to better define the morphology of the blob and determine its emission mechanism, we gathered deep narrow-band images isolating the Lyα line of this object in linearly polarized light. We provide a deep intensity image of the blob, showing a filamentary structure extending up to 16″ (or 122 physical kpc) in diameter. No significant polarization signal could be extracted from the data, but 95% probability upper limits were defined through simulations. They vary between ∼3% in the central 0.75″ disk (after subtraction of the unpolarized quasar continuum) and ∼10% in the 3.8 − 5.5″ annulus. The low polarization suggests that the Lyα photons are emitted mostly in situ, by recombination and de-excitation in a gas largely ionized by the quasar ultraviolet light, rather than by a central source and scattered subsequently by neutral hydrogen gas. This blob shows no detectable polarization signal, contrary to LAB1, a brighter and more extended blob that is not related to the nearby active galactic nucleus (AGN) in any obvious way, and where a significant polarization signal of about 18% was detected.
Evidence for flare-accelerated particles in large scale loops in the behind-the-limb gamma-ray solar flare of September 29, 2022
Authors: Pesce-Rollins Melissa , Klein Karl-Ludwig , Krucker Säm , Warmuth Alexander , Veronig Astrid M. , Omodei Nicola , Monstein Christian
Published: February 2024

We report on the detection of the gamma-ray emission above 100 MeV from the solar flare of September 29, 2022, by Fermi LAT with simultaneous coverage in HXR by Solar Orbiter STIX. The Solar Orbiter-Earth separation was 178° at the time of the flare as seen from Earth, with Solar Orbiter observing the east limb. Based on STIX imaging, the flare was located 16° behind the eastern limb as seen from Earth. The STIX and GBM non-thermal emission and the LAT emission above 100 MeV all show similarly shaped time profiles, and the Fermi profiles peaked only 20 s after the STIX signal from the main flare site, setting this flare apart from all the other occulted flares observed by Fermi LAT. The radio spectral imaging based on the Nançay Radioheliograph and ORFEES spectrograph reveal geometries consistent with a magnetic structure that connects the parent active region behind the limb to the visible disk. We studied the basic characteristics of the gamma-ray time profile, in particular, the rise and decay times and the time delay between the gamma-ray and HXR peak fluxes. We compared the characteristics of this event with those of four Fermi LAT behind-the-limb flares and with an on-disk event and found that this event is strikingly similar to the impulsive on-disk flare. Based on multiwavelength observations, we find that the gamma-ray emission above 100 MeV originated from ions accelerated in the parent active region behind the limb and was transported to the visible disk via a large magnetic structure connected to the parent active region behind the limb. Our results strongly suggest that the source of the emission above 100 MeV from the September 29, 2022 flare cannot be the CME-driven shock.
Type Ia supernovae from chemically segregated white dwarfs
Authors: Bravo E. , Isern J. , Piersanti L.
Published: February 2024

Type Ia supernovae are the outcome of the explosion of a carbon–oxygen white dwarf in a close binary system. They are thought to be the main contributors to the galactic nucleosynthesis of iron-peak elements, with important contributions to the yields of intermediate-mass elements. Recent analyses of the phase diagram of carbon and oxygen containing impurities such as 22Ne and 56Fe in conditions relevant to white dwarf interiors suggest that both isotopes can partially separate when the temperature of the star is low enough to start solidifying. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the impact of this separation on the yields of the different chemical species synthesized during explosions. We used a one-dimensional supernova code to evaluate the impact of the sedimentation assuming different degrees of chemical separation. We find that the main properties of the ejecta, the kinetic energy, and the ejected mass of 56Ni only vary slightly when the separation is taken into account. However, the yields of important isotopes that are used as diagnostic tools, such as manganese, can be strongly modified. Furthermore, the chemical separation studied here is able to change several indicators related to the metallicity of the progenitor (such as the mass ratio of calcium to sulphur in the ejecta or the UV flux of the supernova) and to its mass, whether it is a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf or a substantially lighter one (such as the imprint of stable nickel on late-time infrared spectra or that related to the presence of radioactive nickel at the center of the ejecta).
Characterization of stomatal density and size of different vitis vinifera L. cultivars growing in Mediterranean climate conditions
Authors: Espinoza Sergio , Ortega-Farías Samuel , Ahumada-Orellana Luis
Published: February 2024

The stomatal traits of 13 red and white grapevine cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. established in a cultivar collection garden in central Chile were characterized in this study. The cultivars examined were ‘Cabernet Franc’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, ‘Carmenere’, ‘Cot’, ‘Grenache’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Mourvedre’, ‘Pinot Noir’, ‘Syrah’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Marzanne’, ‘Roussane’, and ‘Sauvignon Blanc’. Transparent nail polish peel prints in four adult leaves per vine were obtained and examined under a light microscope at 10 ×. The number of stomata in 0.196 mm2 was counted, and their length and width were measured using image analysis software. With these variables, the stomatal area and stomatal density were obtained. The ‘Cot’ cultivar had the largest stomata and stomatal area, while the ‘Mourvedre’ cultivar had the smallest stomata and stomatal area. ‘Chardonnay’ had the highest number of stomata and stomatal density, while ‘Carmenere’ had the lowest. The red grapevine cultivars exhibited larger and fewer stomata than the white grapevine cultivars, corroborating different adaptations for the environmental modulation of stomatal conductance and transpiration.
Ash conveying system upgrade from hydraulic to pneumatic system in a 550MW coal-fired power plant in Taiwan
Authors: Makhraja Anshar , Tsai Thompson , Lee Jimmy , Hsu Wendy
Published: February 2024

The paper presents a comprehensive study on the ash handling system upgrade from a hydraulic conveying system to a pneumatic system in a 550 MW coal-fired power plant located in Taiwan. The ash pond used to dispose of ash from the economizer and air preheater is almost full due to having been in service for more than forty years. An alternative location to dispose of the ash is sought. The design process of finding the new location and the equipment to be used is explored. Some options for the new economizer and air preheater ash disposal site, including building a new silo or using an existing silo, are taken into consideration in terms of design, cost, and timing of execution. The project’s execution procedure is reviewed, taking into account aspects of system integration, equipment installation, and commissioning. The primary objective of this paper is to detail the design, implementation, and outcomes of the ash handling system upgrade. This upgrade is accomplished in an effort to enhance operational efficiency, reduce maintenance requirements, and improve environmental compliance. The study explores the motivations behind adopting pneumatic conveying technology, focusing on its advantages over hydraulic systems, such as reduced maintenance needs and improved dust control. The case study provides insight into the lesson learned and recommendations for similar ash conveying system upgrades in other coal-fired power plants.
Lab-scale environmental impact measurement of polymer-modified asphalt concrete mixtures production
Authors: Daniel Christian Gerald , Firdaus Fadhil Muhammad
Published: February 2024

This study aims to evaluate and compare the environmental impact of producing numerous polymer-modified asphalt concrete mixture types for road structures at the laboratory scale measured by air quality monitoring devices in a designed isolated area. Several mixture combinations were examined in this study, namely between the production of the standard hot mix at 160oC (case 1) and polymer-modified warm mix asphalt with 5% and 6% polymer dosages at 130oC (case 2 and case 3), as well as the production of hot mix asphalt using polymer modification by wet mix - known as polymer modified binder/PMB at 180oC (case 4) and dry mix methods using 5% and 6% polymer dosages at 160oC (case 5 and case 6), with each case represented by five samples fabrication. Case 4 yields the highest carbon dioxide, the volatile organic compound (VOC), formaldehyde (HCHO), and particulate matter (PM10and PM1) by a total of 8195ppm, 10.12ppm, 6.5ppm, 1643 µg/m3, and 838 µg/m3, respectively, except PM2.5, where the outcome of case 3 is 1.2% higher than case 4. Meanwhile, the lowest emissions are recorded for case 2 and case 5, with the ratio to case 4 ranging from 43.5% to 96.5%. The heating phase generally gives the highest contribution to the total result, with the proportion ranging from 43.5% for carbon dioxide to above 90% for particulate matter. To sum up, producing hot mix asphalt with PMB and the mixer blending stage generates the highest emission.
Sustainable of e-learning environments: Model of continuance intention
Authors: Indriana  , Alamsyah Doni Purnama
Published: February 2024

Sustainable of e-learning based on continuance intention use of technology. E-learning reduce the environment impact, minimized the forestation and paper waste. This study examines the relationship between organisational support, satisfaction with e-learning, and the intention to continue using e-learning within an organisational setting. The study employed a quantitative survey methodology to gather data from students (undergraduate program), with the utilisation of an online questionnaire for data collection. A total of 642 students participated as respondents in the study, and the data was analysed utilising the SmartPLS software. The analysis was conducted based on research hypotheses. The study’s results show a strong link between organisational support and both e-learning satisfaction and desire to continue, which highlights how important it is to have long-lasting support systems. Furthermore, e-learning happiness is found to increase the desire to keep using e-learning platforms, which has long-term implications for their viability. These results are very important for colleges in Indonesia that are starting to use e-learning because they show how important it is to keep supporting students in all areas, including hardware, software, and people. The study does, however, make us think about how long these support systems will last and highlights the need for more research into the core factors that contribute to organisational support in the field of e-learning. Support systems that last must be in place for e-learning programmes to continue to work. More study can help us understand how to keep and improve these systems.
Spatial analysis of water quality parameters concentration around the floating solar panel installation in Lake Mahoni, Depok, Indonesia
Authors: Atikah Rifa Hasna , Wahyuningsih Ni Putu Sri , Suwartha Nyoman , Setiawan Eko Adhi
Published: February 2024

The transition to renewable energy, specifically solar panels, is increasingly popular. There has been an innovation to place solar panels floating on water. However, floating solar panels (FSP) affect the water quality parameters below them. This study aims to analyze the concentration of water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) spatially in the area surrounding the FSP in Lake Mahoni, examining the influence of air temperature on water temperature as well as the influence of water temperature on DO and BOD. During three weeks of observations, samples were collected from 9 sampling points around the FSP, once a week in the morning and afternoon. Data processing and analysis were performed using descriptive statistical methods, normality tests, comparative tests, correlation tests, and spatial mapping. The highest results indicate DO, BOD, and temperature changes between the upstream area and below the FSP ranged from -1.77 to 0.48 mg/l, -2.68 to 1.78 mg/l, and -0.50 to 0.60°C, respectively. Conversely, the highest changes from below the FSP to the downstream area ranged from -1.55 to 4.54 mg/l, -1.91 to 3.34 mg/l, and -0.30 to 0.80°C, respectively. Water temperature and DO show patterns below the FSPs area, but no pattern is observed in BOD. A significant positive correlation was found between air and water temperature (ρ=0.945, p=0.005). A significant correlation was observed between water temperature and DO (ρ=0.87, p=0.002) and BOD (ρ=0.803, p=0.009) upstream of the FSP in the afternoon. In contrast, there was no significant influence on water temperature, DO, or BOD in the morning (P>0.05) in the upstream area and below the FSP.
Wastewater leakage identification in WWTP and concrete pipelines using integrated geophysical imaging methods
Authors: Aryani Ersa Shasqia , Rahmadhani Inge Larisa , Yazid Muhammad , Kartika Setyo Dwi
Published: February 2024

Industry and mining activities covers a broad spectrum of processes that dispose an abundant amount of wastewater. Given the vast array of industries, there are equally large number of heavy metals, organic solvents, and hydrocarbons pollutants associated with its wastewater, posing a great threat to aquifers, especially groundwater. Main contributor of this polluting scheme are from the leakage of underground/surface storage tanks, effluent pipework, industrial sewers, and waste injection system. To ascertain the presence of pollution in the subsoil and groundwater resources, an integrated geophysical method can be the alternative of non-invasive methods. The presence of contaminants in subsoil alters the physical properties of rock formations and decrease pore-water resistance, therefore it can be mapped by geoelectrical resistivity. In this paper, study case was conducted in Medan Industrial Estate, Indonesia, to identify potential leakage under the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and its pipework, using Geoelectrical Wenner and Magnetotelluric Method with 5 lines in the interval of 40-60 meters and Magnetotelluric Method throughout the 175 meters of pipework in the production area. Based on the Geoelectrical Method, an anomaly with a low resistivity value was detected within 7 meters of the ground depth. Meanwhile, in the Magnetotelluric Method, a moderate permittivity value was detected that is local and located within 2 meters depth which is where the pipe and the bottom of the WWTP storage tank is located. In conclusion, based on the results obtained from the Geoelectrical and Magnetotelluric Methods that have been carried out in the WWTP area and along the wastewater pipeline leading to the WWTP, no anomalies were found that lead to waste water leakage.
Phosphorus recovery from calcium phosphate enriched activated sludge
Authors: Maulidiany Nopa Dwi , Khairunnisa Shafira Maulida
Published: February 2024

This study explores the potential of activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) as an alternative source of phosphorus, vital for fertilisers and other products, compared to large-scale phosphorus mining. The research focuses on analysing optimal conditions and the impact of activated sludge characteristics on phosphorus release from calcium phosphate compounds, particularly hydroxyapatite (HAP). Using batch reactor experiments with varying pH and contact time, the results reveal that lower pH values, particularly pH 4, result in higher phosphorus release. The study also finds that calcium, the predominant metal content in activated sludge, plays a vital role in bonding with phosphates and forming new compounds, effectively reducing phosphorus concentration in the solution. Moreover, the VSS/TSS value in the activated sludge has no significant effect on phosphorus release, but interventions occur at high VSS/TSS values. The reaction rate coefficient is calculated at 0.00033/min at pH 4. Overall, this research emphasises the potential of phosphorus recovery from calcium phosphate enriched activated sludge and underscores the importance of optimising pH and considering activated sludge characteristics for efficient phosphorus release.
Comparative study of long-term laboratory and field kinetic test for potential acid forming (PAF) materials
Authors: Abfertiawan Muhammad Sonny , Hasan Faiz , Palinggi Yosef , Pranoto Kris
Published: February 2024

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) comes from open pit and underground mining activities, characterized by high level of acidity and high metal solubility. AMD is formed from sulfide minerals that are exposed from mining activities, undergo oxidation by oxygen and contact with rainwater. AMD formation reaction rate must be studied to prevent AMD from being released to the environment. Reaction rate of acid formation can be determined by kinetic test. This study used the Free Draining Column Leach (FDCL) test method for the kinetic test, performed in laboratory scale and field scale. Laboratory scale experiment was done in a cylinder reactor, with 15 cm diameter and 35 cm height. Meanwhile the field scale was carried out in greater amount of rock material and reactor volume. The test was carried out in a weekly cycle for a total of 83 weeks. This study states that field scale experiments tend to produce higher concentrations of ORP, conductivity, sulfate, iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) rather than the laboratory scale. The pH parameter on field scale experiment is around 1.91 to 3.18, meanwhile on the laboratory scale experiment is around 2.18 to 3.47. It can be interpreted that the field scale experiment tends to produce more acidic pH compared to the laboratory scale experiment. This research is expected to find the differences between laboratory scale and field scale experiments in long-term kinetic tests.
Occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing escherichia coli in groundwater
Authors: Adiba Farah , Naufal Prakosa Bima Rajendra , Awaliyah Ananda Rabiatul , Heruputri Nindya Vidiasty , Kasuga Ikuro , Priadi Cindy Rianti , Rahmatika Iftita
Published: February 2024

Groundwater is a vital source of clean water globally. The presence of E.coli, specifically ESBL-producing E.coli (ESBL-Ec), in groundwater can pose a significant risk to human health. This study aimed to analyze the concentrations of E.coli and ESBL-Ec in five groundwater samples (A1-A5) near the Cipayung landfill, as well as one groundwater (A6) from a residential area. Morevorer, one septic tank sample located near A6 was also collected (ST). Characterization of the the blaCTX-M gene associated with cefotaxime resistance were conducted. Phenotypic analysis involved the Double Disk Sinergy Test to confirm ESBL enzyme activity against antibiotics, while genotypic analysis utilized the Multiplex PCR to characterize the blaCTX-M gene. Results indicated that the E. coli concentrations in groundwater ranged from (4.0 ± 2.0) × 10-1 CFU/100 mL to (4.0 ± 0.3) × 103 CFU/100 mL. ESBL-Ec was consistently detected at A1, A2, A4, and ST with average concentrations of (6.5 ± 3.0) × 100 CFU/100 mL, (1.3 ± 0.5) × 100 CFU/100 mL, (1.1 ± 0.1) × 101 CFU/100 mL, and (7.2 ± 1.1) × 103 CFU/100 mL, respectively. Multiplex PCR revealed the presence of blaCTX-M group 1 and group 2 genes at samples A1, A2, A4, and ST. This study highlighted the need for preventive measures to minimize ESBL-Ec spread in groundwater.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli in domestic wastewater by modified septic tank treatment
Authors: Pangaribuan Arisa F. , Setiyawan Ahmad Soleh , Putri Dyah Wulandari
Published: February 2024

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets for the improvement of drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) makes the development of wastewater infrastructure in many countries is increasing. In Indonesia, the development of sewer connections remained limited nationally, most households still rely on on-site sanitation systems that mainly use septic tanks technology. Septic tank as watertight containment itself cannot provide the treatment to comply with the effluent standard of domestic wastewater, while a lot of application of septic tank do not follow by suggested technology for further treatment. That makes the need of septic tank improvement as modified septic tank (MST) system. One of parameters removed by MST better is microbial content. This research aims to identify Escherichia coli inactivation in MST, how the process along the treatment impact E. coli concentration and identification the effectiveness of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) tablet application as disinfectant in E. coli inactivation, and concurrently safe to environment. This research was conducted in laboratory using MST reactor set-up consists of pre-sedimentation chamber, fixed bed anoxic chamber, and MBBR chamber to treat synthetic wastewater. The synthetic wastewater, composed by C6H12O6, NH4Cl, KH2PO4 and E. coli culture is used. With influent E. coli concentration was 108-109, it was reduced to 108 in pre sedimentation chamber, 106-107 in fixed bed anoxic chamber, 105-106 in MBBR chamber and final effluent, all in MPN/100 ml unit. E. coli was inactivated 99.84% along MST process but with relative high concentration to be discharged. Application of TCCA tablet 90% active chlorine with contact time 15 minutes is adequate to inactivate E. coli completely but generates high concentration of chlorine residual.
Anaerobic biodigester as a community-based food waste processor (case study: Canteen area of PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Muara Karang)
Authors: Yasin Tania Revina , Yusuf Iman Dimassetya Yanuar , Rahmanissa Aulia
Published: February 2024

In 2022, DKI Jakarta disposed of ± 8,000 tons/day of waste to the Integrated Waste Processing Site (TPST) Bantar Gebang. Among them, 3,761.90 tons/day of organic waste were generated from domestic activities. Considering the amount of organic waste, the potential to convert it into biogas through anaerobic biodigester was feasible. As the organic waste decomposes, it produces methane (CH4) gas, which holds value as a renewable alternative energy source. Processing food waste into biogas is not only perceived as an effective way to reduce CH4 hazards but also provides economic benefits for the community. PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Muara Karang, located in Pluit - North Jakarta, attempted to make a breakthrough in waste management, especially in the Pluit Sub-district, through a methane capture and processing facility. Employing quantitative methods with primary data, this research was conducted from May to August 2023 and focused on the canteen area whose tenants came from the Pluit neighborhood. The anaerobic biodigester facility has a design capacity of up to 5 m3 or 800 kg of food waste. In its initial operation (May to August 2023), the food waste processed 363.5 kg and produced 40.7 m3 of methane gas, or 1.4009 GJ, and was used by canteen tenants for their daily operations. Annually, based on its initial condition, the activity conducted in this research can reduce greenhouse gases by 690 kg CO2e and provide economic benefits of Rp 16,000,000.
Examining waste-to-energy technology potential through the pilot project of Bantargebang Waste-to-Energy Power Plant
Authors: Agatha Natasya Putri , Harvan Akhmad Audi , Prasetya Fierza Rizky
Published: February 2024

Municipal waste management in Indonesia, particularly Jakarta, poses a significant environmental challenge. Jakarta has been relying on the Bantargebang landfill to address its waste disposal needs for many years. Due to the persistent accumulation of waste, the Bantargebang landfill nears its maximum capacity. In response, a Waste-to-Energy (WtE) power plant was introduced in Bantargebang, serving as a pioneering initiative for WtE technology implementation in Indonesia. The Bantargebang WtE Plant employs incineration technology to convert municipal waste into electricity. Despite its usefulness, there are general environmental concerns about WtE plants, specifically focusing on their emissions and the potential presence of hazardous substances This research assesses the Bantargebang WtE Plant’s performance based on 2022 operational data, specifically examining waste reduction efforts and comparing incineration byproducts, including FABA (Fly Ash, Bottom Ash), and flue gas emissions, against government standards. The study indicates the plant can reduce waste mass by 96.5%. Furthermore, the WtE plant’s byproducts align with government standards for flue gas emissions and FABA residue. These results emphasize the potential of large-scale WtE power plants to achieve sustainable waste management goals in Indonesia. Nonetheless, there are opportunities for maximising waste accumulation reduction performance and enhancing operational value of WtE plant.
Source identification and health risk assessment of particle phase organic compounds in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Nazrul , Zaman Shahid Uz , Hossain Md. Mufazzal , Salam Abdus
Published: February 2024

Particle phase organic compounds (PPOCs) constitute a significant portion of suspended organic compounds in the atmosphere, impacting human health. Limited research on sources, seasonal variations, and health effects in Bangladesh motivated this study, where particulate matter samples were collected in Dhaka, Rajshahi, Narayangonj, and Bhola from January 2015 to February 2019. Sixteen PPOCs concentrations were measured using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Average PPOC concentrations were 11.60 ± 0.1 µgm-3 in Dhaka, 8.69 ± 0.3 µgm-3 in Rajshahi, 11.84 ± 0.4 µgm-3 in Narayangonj, and 7.22 ± 0.2 µgm-3 in Bhola, with 2 to 18 times higher concentrations in winter than monsoon season. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified major PPOCs sources as diesel exhaust, biomass burning, industrial emissions, and gasoline exhaust. Urban areas were dominated by industrial emissions, while rural regions had significant biomass burning contribution. Health risk assessment indicated a hazard index (HI) of 30.2, signifying severe non-carcinogenic effects, with Dimethoate contributing significantly (32%). The average lifetime cancer risk (2.94 × 10-3) exceeded USEPA guidelines, suggesting heightened cancer risk. Naphthalene posed the highest carcinogenic risk. Given anthropogenic sources and severe health impacts, public awareness and localized research are crucial.
How does gender affect pro-environmental behaviors? The case of a university in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Fathonah Nabila , Nastiti Anindrya
Published: February 2024

Environmental issues require immediate attention and commitment from individuals, communities, and institutions. Universities have a crucial role in fostering a pro-environmental mindset among students. The extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) helps understand pro-environmental intentions and actions by considering factors such as attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, trust, and risk perception. This study explores the role of gender in pro-environmental behaviors using the TPB framework. We explored gender differences and variations in the responses. Using a gender lens to discuss our data, this study advances gender-based pro-environmental behavior and comes up with recommendations for targeted interventions based on gender to enhance pro-environmental behaviors among university students.
Identification and characteristic of microplastics in sediment and macrozoobenthos of upper Citarum River
Authors: Adrian Muhammad Rizky , Roosmini Dwina
Published: February 2024

Article about the microplastic content in The Citarum River as the most critical aquatic ecosystem in West Java Province. The research was conducted in 2020, during the pandemic situation. Citarum River is the most polluted water due to anthropogenic activities, such as industries, agriculture, and domestic. Monitoring the water quality of the Citarum River to emerging pollutants is becoming an important issue, since the vital role of Citarum River in supporting the livelihood. Microplastic pollution is one of the emerging pollutants, and this study aims to characterize the microplastic particles in sediments and macrozoobenthos found in the upper Citarum River and identify the source of their pollution source. The sediment and macrozoobenthos are samples using the grab sampling method. Microplastic identification is carried out by Fenton’s oxydation method. The result shows that macrozoobenthos species are only found at the Wangisagara sampling station, indicating that the Upper Citarum River is already polluted in some sampling locations, especially downstream. Microplastic particles are found in all sediment samples with an average microplastic concentration of 15.7 particles / 100 g of wet sediment. The highest concentration of microplastics is found at the Nanjung sampling station. The potential sources of microplastic pollution in the Upper Citarum River are the textile industry activities and the accumulation of plastic waste. The types of microplastic particles identified in the Upper Citarum River are fibers and fragments with a predominantly size of 1001 - 5000 µm
Measurement of light pollution by using BSP
Authors: Szczepańczyk Andrzej , Macko Marek , Lewandowski Jakub
Published: February 2024

Light pollution is a common problem, especially in large agglomerations, where something still shines: lanterns, lights from windows, car lights, neon lights, advertisements, shop windows, there is no such important darkness anymore. The lack of blackout has a negative impact on all living organisms, from plants, through animals, and ending on humans (e.g. it affects the quality of sleep, disrupts the hormonal balance). The proposed solution concerns the measurement of the intensity of the so-called light-smog (light pollution), using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV / drone). This project is to help determine the scale of the problem, present it in numbers and provide the basis for improving the quality of life and health by reducing light smog.
Simulation of passenger movement dynamics in a vehicle
Authors: Liss Michał , Zinko Roman , Voityk Yaroslav , Polishchuk Oleh , Rubanka Mykola
Published: February 2024

A feature of the braking dynamics of a road train is the occurrence of shock loads between its links, which under certain conditions can significantly impair its stability. At the same time, there is a significant increase in dynamic loads on the support-coupling device, the destruction of which can lead to an emergency situation. It is suggested to use computer modeling in addition to bench tests to diagnose the condition of traction and coupling devices. It makes it possible not only to duplicate field tests, but also to reduce their costs, to apply methods of theoretical forecasting and determination of the strength of units of traction and coupling devices of trailers and towed vehicles. In the case of a semi-trailer, the impact of the tractor is modeled taking into account the initial lateral stiffness of the pivot pin, which indicates the elasticity of the suspension, tires, chassis and support-coupling device of the tractor-trailer on the level of the ground surface. The load on the finger of the hinged-coupling device during computer modeling was estimated by the amount of stress concentration on the surface of the finger. The greatest local stresses were observed in the area of the finger's phalanx, and the maximum deformation of the finger did not exceed 0.061 mm. Bench tests with the same tensile test force as in the calculation method showed that the difference in the values obtained by these two methods was 10-3 mm, which is included in the permissible measurement error (± 1.6•10-3 mm). The combination of bench tests and computer modeling is also relevant at the design and testing stages of agricultural, forestry and special purpose vehicles and machines.