bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Registration of hard white winter wheat germplasms KS14U6380R5, KS16U6380R10, and KS16U6380R11 with adult plant resistance to stem rust
Authors: Guttieri Mary J. , Bowden Robert L. , Reinhart Katherine , Marshall David S. , Jin Yue , Seabourn Bradford W.
Published: April 2020

Resistance to the Ug99 group of races of the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is limited in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm adapted to the Great Plains of the United States. Our objective was to generate regionally adapted hard winter wheat germplasm with combinations of adult plant resistance genes that are expected to provide durable resistance. KS14U6380R5 (Reg. no. GP‐1043, PI 689115), KS16U6380R10 (Reg. no. GP‐1044, PI 689116), and KS16U6380R11 (Reg. no. GP‐1045, PI 689117) were derived from backcrosses of the hard white winter wheat germplasm KS05HW14 to the stem rust‐resistant Kenyan spring wheat cultivar ‘Kingbird’. KS14U6380R5, KS16U6380R11, and KS16U6380R10 were developed by pedigree selection and were initially evaluated as U6380‐11‐2R‐0A, U6380‐210‐2R‐0A, and U6380‐148‐4R‐2T, respectively. The germplasms were developed by the USDA‐ARS and jointly released with the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station. These germplasms provide parents for development of hard winter wheat cultivars with durable resistance to stem rust.
Electrowetting‐Mediated Transport to Produce Electrochemical Transistor Action in Nanopore Electrode Arrays
Authors: Kwon Seung‐Ryong , Baek Seol , Fu Kaiyu , Bohn Paul W.
Published: April 2020

Understanding water behavior in confined volumes is important in applications ranging from water purification to healthcare devices. Especially relevant are wetting and dewetting phenomena which can be switched by external stimuli, such as light and electric fields. Here, these behaviors are exploited for electrochemical processing by voltage‐directed ion transport in nanochannels contained within nanopore arrays in which each nanopore presents three electrodes. The top and middle electrodes (TE and ME) are in direct contact with the nanopore volume, but the bottom electrode (BE) is buried beneath a 70 nm silicon nitride (SiNx) insulating layer. Electrochemical transistor operation is realized when small, defect‐mediated channels are opened in the SiNx. These defect channels exhibit voltage‐driven wetting that mediates the mass transport of redox species to/from the BE. When BE is held at a potential maintaining the defect channels in the wetted state, setting the potential of ME at either positive or negative overpotential results in strong electrochemical rectification with rectification factors up to 440. By directing the voltage‐induced electrowetting of defect channels, these three‐electrode nanopore structures can achieve precise gating and ion/molecule separation, and, as such, may be useful for applications such as water purification and drug delivery.
Innovative Methoden zur Prüfung und Kontrolle der Vorspannkräfte in mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln
Authors: Reiterer Michael
Published: April 2020

Die derzeit in der Ingenieurpraxis angewendeten Methoden zur Prüfung und Kontrolle der in mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln tatsächlich vorhandenen Größe der Vorspannkraft werden vorgestellt und in Bezug auf die Genauigkeit der Ergebnisse bewertet. Dabei wird sowohl auf rein visuelle Beurteilungsmethoden als auch auf elektronische Messmethoden eingegangen. Im Beitrag werden neu entwickelte und als Patent angemeldete innovative Methoden zur Prüfung und Kontrolle der Vorspannkräfte in mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln vorgestellt. Bei den Entwicklungen handelt es sich um ein intelligentes mechanisches Verbindungsbauteil mit Druckindikator und um eine intelligente elektronische Messmutter. Das intelligente Verbindungsbauteil ist in der Lage, ohne Einsatz von elektronischen Komponenten den Verlust der Vorspannung durch Erzeugen einer Rotfärbung an der Oberseite des Verbindungsbauteils anzuzeigen. Die elektronische Messmutter ist eine mit Sensorik ausgestattete Mutter, die entweder zeitdiskret oder permanent den aktuellen Wert der Vorspannkraft im Verbindungsmittel elektronisch aufzeichnet und überträgt. Zur Untersuchung der Aussagequalität und Langzeitstabilität der neu entwickelten Methoden zur Prüfung und Kontrolle der Vorspannkräfte in mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln wurden Labor‐ und Freifeldversuche durchgeführt. Die dabei erzielten Ergebnisse werden präsentiert.
Long noncoding RNAs AC026904.1 is essential for TGF‐β‐induced migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition through functioning as an enhancer of Slug in lung cancer cells
Authors: Yao Jie , Lu Xiaochen , Wang Yuxuan , Li Jiaxi , Ni Bin
Published: April 2020

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) AC026904.1 has been confirmed to be necessary for breast cancer metastasis. This work aims to investigate the effects of lncRNA AC026904.1 on lung cancer metastasis. We found that lncRNA AC026904.1 displayed a higher level in metastatic lung cancer tissues than adjacent tissues and nonmetastatic lung cancer tissues, and lung cancer cells treated with TGF‐β. The expression of AC026904.1 was increased by the non‐canonical TGF‐β signaling. Additionally, AC026904.1 acts as an enhancer of the key metastatic factor Slug in the nucleus. This AC026904.1/Slug axis is necessary for TGF‐β‐mediated migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells. This work firstly uncovers that AC026904.1 increases Slug expression at transcriptional level and subsequently plays critical effects in lung cancer metastasis, providing novel evidences that AC026904.1 holds great potential to be used as a marker for metastatic lung cancer.
Hydroakustik zur Analyse von Fischbeständen und Fischverhalten – Fallstudien aus Österreich
Authors: Schmidt Marc B. , Schletterer Martin
Published: April 2020

Hydroakustik, das heißt der Einsatz von Echoloten und Sonaren, ist in Binnengewässern eine etablierte Methode. Je nach Fragestellung kommen verschiedene System zum Einsatz: (1) Das Single-beam-Echolot ist grundsätzlich ein klassischer „Fischfinder“. (2) Das Dual-beam-Echolot kombiniert hohe und niedere Frequenzbereiche. (3) Bei Split-beam-Echoloten ist der Schallkegel energetisch in vier Sektoren unterteilt, diese Systeme ermöglichen u. a. die Erfassung von räumlichen und zeitlichen Fischverteilungen und Fischbiomasseerhebungen. (4) Multibeam-Sonare (z. B. DIDSON und ARIS-Sonar), sogenannte hydroakustische Kameras, liefern schließlich videoähnliche Bilder und ermöglichen die Analyse von Fischverhalten in tiefen und dunklen Gewässern. Der gegenständliche Artikel zeigt Anwendungsbeispiele aus Österreich zum Einsatz hydroakustischer Methoden zur Fischdetektion (Einsatz von Single-beam-Echoloten zur Langzeiterfassung von Fischbewegungen), Fischbiomassebestimmung (mittels Split-beam-Echolot am Hintersteiner See) und zur Analyse von Fischverhalten (mittels DIDSON und ARIS am KW Kirchbichl). Hydroakustische Methoden kommen somit erfolgreich angewandt-wissenschaftlich und in der Grundlagenforschung zum Einsatz und können auch als innovative Technologie im Monitoring eingesetzt werden.
Keeping power through opposition: party system change in Turkey
Authors: Arslantaş Düzgün , Arslantaş Şenol
Published: April 2020

This paper re-evaluates the party system change in Turkey based on Sartori’s framework. It also explores the role of opposition parties in this. The paper suggests that, while a fragmented opposition may lead to the emergence of a one-party government and/or military intervention because of the high levels of polarization it induces, bilateral opposition prolongs one-party governments. The paper relies on an analysis of party programs and public opinion surveys in order to position the parties in terms of spatial distance and to understand the level of polarization.
High salt diet accelerates the progression of murine lupus through dendritic cells via the p38 MAPK and STAT1 signaling pathways
Authors: Xiao Ze Xiu , Hu Xiaojiang , Zhang Ximei , Chen Zhigang , Wang Julie , Jin Ke , Cao Feng Lin , Sun Baoqing , Bellanti Joseph A. , Olsen Nancy , Zheng Song Guo
Published: April 2020

The increased incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in recent decades might be related to changes in modern dietary habits. Since sodium chloride (NaCl) promotes pathogenic T cell responses, we hypothesize that excessive salt intake contributes to the increased incidence of autoimmune diseases, including SLE. Given the importance of dendritic cells (DCs) in the pathogenesis of SLE, we explored the influence of an excessive sodium chloride diet on DCs in a murine SLE model. We used an induced lupus model in which bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were incubated with activated lymphocyte-derived DNA (ALD-DNA) and transferred into C57BL/6 recipient mice. We observed that a high-salt diet (HSD) markedly exacerbated lupus progression, which was accompanied by increased DC activation. NaCl treatment also stimulated the maturation, activation and antigen-presenting ability of DCs in vitro. Pretreatment of BMDCs with NaCl also exacerbated BMDC-ALD-DNA-induced lupus. These mice had increased production of autoantibodies and proinflammatory cytokines, more pronounced splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, and enhanced pathological renal lesions. The p38 MAPK–STAT1 pathway played an important role in NaCl-induced DC immune activities. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HSD intake promotes immune activation of DCs through the p38 MAPK–STAT1 signaling pathway and exacerbates the features of SLE. Thus, changes in diet may provide a novel strategy for the prevention or amelioration of lupus or other autoimmune diseases.
Oral therapy with colonization factor antigen I prevents development of type 1 diabetes in Non-obese Diabetic mice
Authors: Nelson Andrew S. , Maddaloni Massimo , Abbott Jeffrey R. , Hoffman Carol , Akgul Ali , Ohland Christina , Gharaibeh Raad Z. , Jobin Christian , Brusko Todd M. , Pascual David W.
Published: April 2020

Antigen (Ag)-specific tolerization prevents type 1 diabetes (T1D) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice but proved less effective in humans. Several auto-Ags are fundamental to disease development, suggesting T1D etiology is heterogeneous and may limit the effectiveness of Ag-specific therapies to distinct disease endotypes. Colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) fimbriae fromEscherichia colican inhibit autoimmune diseases in murine models by inducing bystander tolerance. To test if Ag-independent stimulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) can prevent T1D onset, groups of NOD mice were orally treated withLactococcus lactis(LL) expressing CFA/I. LL-CFA/I treatment beginning at 6 weeks of age reduced disease incidence by 50% (p < 0.05) and increased splenic Tregs producing both IL-10 and IFN-γ 8-fold (p < 0.005) compared to LL-vehicle treated controls. To further describe the role of these Tregs in preventing T1D, protective phenotypes were examined at different time-points. LL-CFA/I treatment suppressed splenic TNF-α+CD8+T cells 6-fold at 11 weeks (p < 0.005) and promoted a distinct microbiome. At 17 weeks, IFN-γ+CD4+T cells were suppressed 10-fold (p < 0.005), and at 30 weeks, pancreatic Tbet+CD4+T cells were suppressed (p < 0.05). These results show oral delivery of modified commensal organisms, such as LL-CFA/I, may be harnessed to restrict Th1 cell-mediated immunity and protect against T1D.
Comatulids (Crinoidea, Comatulida) chemically defend against coral fish by themselves, without assistance from their symbionts
Authors: Kasumyan Alexander , Isaeva Olga , Dgebuadze Polina , Mekhova Elena , Oanh Le Thi Kieu , Britayev Temir
Published: April 2020

Symbiotic associations between small animals and relatively large sessile invertebrates that use taste deterrents for protection are widespread in the marine environment. To determine whether the symbionts are involved in the chemical protection of their hosts, the palatability of ten species of comatulids and six species of their symbionts was evaluated. Taste attractiveness was determined by offering agar pellets flavoured with extracts of comatulids and their symbionts for four coral reef fish species. Five species of symbiont were highly palatable, and one was indifferent to the taste. Almost all comatulids were distasteful, while their aversiveness was different for different fish. These findings indicate that comatulids chemically defend themselves without assistance from symbionts, and the taste deterrents are not universal and can only be effective against particular predators. The presence of tasteful symbionts reduces the security of their hosts by provoking attacks of predators and may impact on the individual and population fitness of comatulids. However, the chemical protection of comatulids is useful for symbionts and undoubtedly increases their survival. Obtained results allows the relationship between comatulids and their symbionts considered commensalism. Most likely, similar relationships can be established in many other associations, where symbionts inhabit chemically defended coral reef invertebrates.
Monodisperse Pt-Co/GO anodes with varying Pt: Co ratios as highly active and stable electrocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation reaction
Authors: Burhan Hakan , Ay Hasan , Kuyuldar Esra , Sen Fatih
Published: April 2020

The intense demand for alternative energy has led to efforts to find highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction. For this purpose, herein, graphene oxide-based platinum-cobalt nanoparticles (Pt100−xCox@GO NPs) were synthesized in different ratios and the synthesized nanoparticles were used directly as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The characterizations for the determination of particle size and surface composition of nanoparticles were performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The structure of the catalysts was detected as face-centered cubic and the dispersion of them on graphene oxide was homogenous (distributed narrowly (4.01 ± 0.51 nm)). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) was utilized for testing electrocatalytic activities of all prepared NPs for the methanol oxidation reaction. It was detected that the newly produced NPs were more active and stable than commercially existing Pt(0)/Co nanomaterial in methanol electro-oxidation in acidic media.
Active Volcanism Revealed from a Seismicity Conduit in the Long-resting Tatun Volcano Group of Northern Taiwan
Authors: Pu H. C. , Lin C. H. , Lai Y. C. , Shih M. H. , Chang L. C. , Lee H. F. , Lee P. T. , Hong G. T. , Li Y. H. , Chang W. Y. , Lo C. H.
Published: April 2020

Abundant earthquakes clustered within a particular zone often reflect an active geological feature, such as clustering seismicity along a fault zone and a huge number of volcanic-earthquakes around the erupting conduit. Herein we perform a double-difference tomographic inversion and relocate the seismicity at the long-resting Tatun volcano group (TVG) in northern Taiwan. A dramatic improvement of the earthquake location model surprisingly show that, from 2014 to 2017, two clustered seismic zones are identified in the TVG. One major group of events (>1000) persistently clustered within a ~500 m diameter vertical conduit with a ~2 km height. The clustering seismicity conduit is just located nearby Dayoukeng, one of the strongest fumaroles in the TVG, and is connected to a fracture zone characterized by low Vp/Vs in the shallow crust. The other group of events is clustered within a sphere-like zone beneath Mt. Chihsin around the depths between 0.5 km and 2 km. Both seismic zones are probably triggered by the significantly volcanic gases and fluids ascending from the deep magma reservoir. Combined with a variety of results from literature, the seismicity conduit near the strong fumarole is the evidence for an active volcano and also identifies a likely pathway for ascending magma if the TVG erupts again in the future. But possibility of developing different magma pathways at other clustered seismic zones such as beneath Mt. Chihsin may not be totally excluded.
Presenting a codon-optimized palette of fluorescent proteins for use in Candida albicans
Authors: Van Genechten Wouter , Demuyser Liesbeth , Dedecker Peter , Van Dijck Patrick
Published: April 2020

Fluorescent proteins with varying colors are indispensable tools for the life sciences research community. These fluorophores are often developed for use in mammalian systems, with incremental enhancements or new versions published frequently. However, the successful application of these labels in other organisms in the tree of life, such as the fungus Candida albicans, can be difficult to achieve due to the difficulty in engineering constructs for good expression in these organisms. In this contribution, we present a palette of Candida-optimized fluorescent proteins ranging from cyan to red and assess their application potential. We also compare a range of reported expression optimization techniques, and find that none of these strategies is generally applicable, and that even very closely related proteins require the application of different strategies to achieve good expression. In addition to reporting new fluorescent protein variants for applications in Candida albicans, our work highlights the ongoing challenges in optimizing protein expression in heterologous systems.
Aptamer-based fluorometric determination of chloramphenicol by controlling the activity of hemin as a peroxidase mimetic
Authors: Wang Ling-Chen , Hong Cheng-Yi , Lin Zheng-Zhong , Chen Xiao-Mei , Huang Zhi-Yong
Published: April 2020

A method for the aptamer-based determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) was developed by exploiting the peroxidase mimicking activity of hemin.
A quantum phase gate capable of effectively collecting photons based on a gap plasmon structure
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hao He , Ren Juanjuan , Zhang Fan , Gong Qihuang , Gu Ying
Published: April 2020

We theoretically demonstrate a quantum phase gate based on gap plasmons, which can effectively collect photons simultaneously.
Precise size separation of water-soluble red-to-near-infrared-luminescent silicon quantum dots by gel electrophoresis
Authors: Fujii Minoru , Minami Akiko , Sugimoto Hiroshi
Published: April 2020

Gel electrophoresis, which is a standard method for separation and analysis of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins, is applied for the first time to silicon (Si) quantum dots (QDs) for size separation.
Self-assembly of reversed bilayer vesicles through pnictogen bonding: water-stable supramolecular nanocontainers for organic solvents
Authors: Moaven Shiva , Watson Brandon T. , Thompson Shelby B. , Lyons Veronica J. , Unruh Daniel K. , Casadonte Dominick J. , Pappas Dimitri , Cozzolino Anthony F.
Published: April 2020

A new air and moisture stable antimony thiolate compound has been prepared that spontaneously forms stable hollow vesicles.
J-dimer emission in interwoven metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Newsome Wesley J. , Chakraborty Arnab , Ly Richard T. , Pour Gavin S. , Fairchild David C. , Morris Amanda J. , Uribe-Romo Fernando J.
Published: April 2020

J-dimer emission is an emergent property that occurs when pairs of ground-state fluorophores associate within multivariate MOFs producing tunable red shifted emission.
Spectral and accretion evolution of H1743−322 during outbursts in RXTE era
Authors: Aneesha U. , Mandal S.
Published: April 2020

Aims.We study the spectral evolution of the H1743−322 during outbursts in the RXTE era. We aim to connect the variation of the spectral parameters with the accretion parameters along with the progress of the outbursts. We understand the evolution of the accretion parameters and hence the dynamics of the accretion process in light of the irradiated disc instability model.

Methods.We provide a comprehensive study of all the outbursts of H1743−322 between 2003 and 2011. We performed spectral modelling of all the RXTE/PCA observations using phenomenological models. Also, we carried out spectral modelling by a hydrodynamic accretion flow model and estimated the accretion parameters. We applied the irradiated disc instability scenario in the presence of both Keplerian and sub-Keplerain accretion components to understand the evolution of accretion parameters. For this purpose, we propose a toy model for the time variation of the accretion rates following a powerlaw during outbursts.

Results.All of the outbursts show spectral state transitions in the hardness-intensity diagram. The 2003 and 2004 outbursts are long-duration outbursts and relatively softer than the other outbursts. The 2008b and 2011 outbursts provide a unique opportunity to estimate the critical accretion rate (ṁdc) for triggering an outburst in this system within a narrow range of 0.076 <ṁdc< 0.086 (in Eddington units). In the absence of any dynamical measurement, we attempt to constrain a few orbital parameters of the system using an assumed mass andṁdcin the range.
Angst vor Erwachsenen?
Authors: Desch Janine
Published: April 2020

Im 6. Teil unserer Serie berichten wir über einen 11-jährigen Flüchtlingsjungen aus Uganda, der in einer Tagesklinik behandelt wird. Im Umgang mit Erwachsenen wirkt er ängstlich und gequält, beim Spielen mit Gleichaltrigen ist er oft aggressiv. Lesen Sie, wie das Pflegeteam es schafft, mithilfe der systemischen Fallbesprechung neue Perspektiven für sich und den Patienten zu entwickeln.
Schlaganfall-Akutversorgung
Authors: Gehlenborg Friederike
Published: April 2020

Die Akutversorgung von Schlaganfallpatienten ist in Deutschland im internationalen Vergleich schon auf einem sehr hohen Niveau – doch sie könnte noch weiter optimiert werden. Wenn vermehrt speziell ausgerüstete Krankenwagen – sogenannte Mobile Stroke Units – zum Einsatz kommen würden, könnte das die Behandlungsergebnisse noch erheblich verbessern. Laut einer aktuellen Studie traten bei Patienten, die direkt nach einem Schlaganfall in diesen technisch und personell speziell ausgerüsteten Einsatzfahrzeugen behandelt wurden, signifikant weniger Todesfälle und Behinderungen auf als bei Erkrankten, die erst im Krankenhaus eine Behandlung erhielten. Dies ist das Ergebnis einer Studie von Prof. Dr. Heinrich Audebert, Experte der Deutschen Schlaganfall-Gesellschaft (DSG) und seinem Berliner Forscherteam, die kürzlich auf der International Stroke Conference (ISC) in Los Angeles vorgestellt wurde. Nach Erkenntnis dieser Studie befürwortet die DSG den vermehrten Einsatz dieser Rettungswagen.
Glass-forming liquid dynamics can be accurately modeled by a simple model of disordered solids
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: April 2020

Researchers explore why viscous liquid dynamics at low temperatures seem to follow a model meant for disordered solids.
Evaluation of the growth response of arid zone invasive species Salvia verbenaca cultivars to atmospheric carbon dioxide and soil moisture
Authors: Weller Sandra L. , Javaid Muhammad M. , Florentine Singarayer K.
Published: April 2020

Although climate change is expected to affect the ecology of many weed species, the nature and scale of these responses is presently not well defined. This presages a suite of potential problems for the agricultural industries. Consequently, we investigated the effects of anticipated climate change on biomass and seed production, for two varieties of wild sage, Salvia verbenaca L. var. verbenaca and Salvia verbenaca var. vernalis Bioss. For the investigation, ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) carbon dioxide conditions, in combination with well-watered (100% field capacity) and drought conditions (60% field capacity), were selected to represent alternative climate scenarios. The alteration in biomass production was represented by a combined measurement of nine variables; plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, leaf thickness, shoot biomass, root biomass and dry leaf weight, and fecundity was measured via two variables; 100 seed weight and number of seeds per plant. All biomass measurements were reduced in a drought situation compared with well-watered conditions in ambient carbon dioxide (400 ppm), and each corresponding measurement was greater under elevated carbon dioxide (700 ppm) regardless of water treatment. In contrast, this was not observed for 100 seed weight or number of seeds per plant. Although a similar profile of a reduction in fecundity parameters was observed under drought conditions compared with well-watered conditions in ambient carbon dioxide, there was an increase in seed mass only for var. verbenaca under elevated carbon dioxide in both water treatments. In addition, there was a very small increase in the number of seeds in this species under drought conditions in elevated carbon dioxide, with neither increase in seed mass or seed number being observed in var. vernalis. These results suggest that although future climate change may result in increased competition of both these varieties with desirable plants, their management strategies will need to focus on effects of increased size of the weeds, rather than only attempting to reduce the seed bank holdings.
Agroforestry as nexus of sustainable development goals
Authors: Noordwijk M van
Published: April 2020

Agroforestry, as platform for harmonizing agriculture and forestry in their interactions with landscapes and rural and peri(urban) livelihoods, offers opportunities to benefit from synergies across sustainable development goals (SDGs), and deal with the unavoidable tradeoffs. Such synergy, however, may only emerge if site-specific analysis of the multiple functions of landscapes leads to a shared understanding among stakeholders, clear commitment to common goals, effective means of implementation and a system that remains open to innovation by monitoring functions rather than form, and regularly re-evaluates effectiveness of policy instruments.
Anatomy adaptation of Ketak (Lygodium circinatum (Burm.) Sw) to relative light intensity in agroforestry systems, on Senaru Education Forest, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Wahyuningsih E , Faridah E , Budiadi  , Syahbudin A
Published: April 2020

Ketak requires other plant as a climbing host for tendrils in order to get light. Research on the types of stands that affect tendril production in agroforestry systems is needed. This study aimed to determine anatomical adaptation of ketak at various types of stands and relative light intensity in agroforestry systems. The research method used a randomized block design. There were 2 treatments i.e. the stand type (natural stands, coffee stands, gliricidia stands, and mahogany stands) and Relative Light Intensity (RLI). Each stand consists of 3 blocks with 30 replication plants, making it a total of 90 plants per stand type. We used natural seedling as understory and combined with forestry plants. Number of leaves, plant height, plant number, plant length, tendrils diameter and growth percentage of ketak, and RLI were measured or calculated in each stand type. Variance analysis was used to determine the effect of stand type. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the relationship between stand types or RLI and number of leaves, plant height, plant number, plant length, and tendrils diameter. This study showed that (1). The growth percentage of ketak in natural stand, coffee stand, gliricidia stand, and mahogany stand respectively 62.22%, 97.77%, 75.56%, and 74.44% (2). The stand type with significant differences were found in the total number of leaves (F = 17.441; p = 0.000); plant height (F = 24.065; p = 0.000) and tendril diameter (F = 7.747; p = 0.000), but not in the total number and lengthof tendrils. (3). There were significant differences in stand type and RLI on total number of leaf, plant height, and tendril diameter of ketak plants with value of total number of leaf (F= 15,92, p = 0,00, and R square = 0,08); value of plant height (F = 34,63, p = 0,00, dan R square = 0,0005); and value of tendril diameter (F = 5,62, p = 0,00, dan R square = 0,0034). While in the total number of tendrils and tendrils length of ketak plants were not significant. The conclusion were (1) The highest growth percentage of ketak in Coffee stand is 97.77%. (2) Coffee stand had the highest influence on the total number of leaves, plant height and tendrils diameter. 3. The stand type and RLI only had a relationship with total number of leaf, plant height, and tendril diameter of ketak plants but not with total number of tendrils and tendrils length.
Application of Glomus sp. and a mix of Glomus sp. with Gigaspora sp. in improving the Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) seedling growth in Ultisol soil
Authors: Rini M V , Susilowati E , Riniarti M , Lukman I
Published: April 2020

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) form symbiotic mutualism with the plant root, where fungi will help the host plant to absorb more nutrients and water from the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two species of AMF namely Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp. in increasing the agarwood seedling growth. The treatments were control (m0), Glomus sp. (m1), Gigaspora sp. (m2), and a mix of Glomus sp. with Gigaspora sp. (m3) with six replications arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The seeds of agarwood were germinated in sterilized sand for one month. The one-month-old seedlings were then transferred into 12 cm × 19 cm polybags containing sterilized ultisol soil. During the time of transplanting, the AMF of 3oo spores per seedling were spread onto the root surface of agarwood seedling. The seedlings remained in the greenhouse for six months. Results showed that AMF increased the shoot and root fresh weights and the shoot and root dry weights. The conclusion showed that agarwood seedlings treated with Glomus sp. (m1) and a mix of Glomus sp. with Gigaspora sp. (m3) gave the highest agarwood seedling growth which indicated by the seedling height, total leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of the shoot and root.
The potential of introducing new variety of Acacia hybrids in agroforestry systems
Authors: Sunarti S , Nirsatmanto A
Published: April 2020

The increases of multiple economic uses and ecological functions are among the essential targets in developing agroforestry systems. In this case, selecting the appropriate species with the range of characters adapted to agroforestry systems would become important. Breeding practices could be applied to produce high productive trees with such desired characters. Some Acacias species have been commonly planted under agroforestry systems in several locations, particularly in Java Island, due to producing good quality of wood for home industries and the ability to grow in multi-species associations. Acacia hybrids are new variety resulted from breeding through a crossing between two Acacias: Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis. The main target of breeding for this variety is to produce a higher quality of wood combining the good properties from each both of parents in a shorter rotation. Although the breeding process mainly imposed the selection for better growth, tolerance pest and disease, and wood properties as primary economic production, the variety also performs other potential characters suitable for agroforestry systems such as light branching for stimulating the growth of crops, abundant flowers for increasing food for honey bee, produce tannin from bark residu, and high quality of wood pellet from the sawdust.
Characterization of branch waste of several tropical fruit tree species as considerations for bioenergy resources
Authors: Irawati D , Higeta S , Wedatama S , Ishiguri F , Yokota S
Published: April 2020

The aims of this research were to analyse the bio-energy properties of tree branches and determine the appropriate conversion process for the fuel source use of each species. Bio-energy properties, such as proximate analysis, calorific value, firewood value index, and hydrolysis rate of wood, and chemical component content were evaluated for branches of 11 fruit tree species (Cacao, Durian, Java plum, Rose apple, Guava, White leadtree, Mango, Gnetum, Jackfruit, Rambutan, Strawberry tree) planted in Indonesia. Among all 11 species, Rambutan, Mango, and Java plum were the best 3 species for firewood feedstock, with the score 176.6, 169.2, and 163.8 respectively. While Mango, White leadtree, and Jackfruit were the best three species for liquid bio-fuel feedstock, with the score 91.1, 86.6, and 78.0 respectively. The branches of Durian and Gnetum can be used for purposes other than bio-energy due to their low score in both two groups.
Firewood development in Labuhan Badas: consumption and determinants
Authors: Diniyati D , Achmad B , Sudanto M
Published: April 2020

Little consideration on the relationship between economy and environmental dimensions of firewood causes farmer’s reluctance in planting trees for fuel. This tendency potentially threatens sustainable farmer incomes. This paper investigates supply and demand of firewood, stakeholders involved and determinants of firewood development. The research was conducted on April and October 2016 at Boak community (Labuhan Badas village) who utilize firewood for domestic use and for income generation. A total of 25 households and 8 key persons were selected using purposive sampling. Meanwhile, the numbers of 6 brick/roof tile manufacturing and 3 middlemen were selected using snowball sampling. Data were collected by interview and analysed descriptively. Currently, there are 12,976 m3 firewood deficits for the manufactures of charcoal; limestone; and brick-roof tiles. Unfortunately, none of community intends to replant trees in the forest to suffice firewood needs. The determinants of firewood development consist of three factors namely: the land is abundantly available; the species of firewood has been well recognised; and technology to develop has been mastered. These determinants could be placed as entry points for government to overcome the problem about firewood shortage as well as to increase the farmer income through facilitating the firewood development until farmers get benefit. The government also may subsidize farmers who grow trees for fuel with the efficient stove or other rewards such as reduction on the land and building tax.
Properties of particleboard made from Salacca (Salacca sp) frond
Authors: Widyorini R , Aji K B , Anisa D N , Dewi G K
Published: April 2020

Salacca frond is a potential agricultural waste material that is not fully utilized yet. This study aimed to investigate the properties of particleboard made from salacca frond. The single-layer and three-layer particleboards were manufactured at three kinds of particle size. The particle size of the core layer was passed through a 10 mesh screen and retained on a 20 mesh screen (-10 +20 mesh). Two different particle sizes of face layer were passed through a 20 mesh screen and retained on a 40 mesh screen (-20 +40 mesh) and passed through a 40 mesh screen and retained on a 60 mesh screen (-40 +60 mesh). The target density of particleboard was set at 0.8 g/cm3 to be pressed at a temperature of 180°C for 10 minutes. Citric acid was used as a bonding agent with 20 wt% based on the dry weight of particles. Physical and mechanical properties tests were performed according to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 for particleboard. The result showed that the single-layer particleboards had higher mechanical properties compared to three-layer particleboards. The highest properties of single-layer particleboard were achieved with the particle size of salacca frond of -40 +60 mesh. The properties of the board met the requirement of the JIS A 5908 type 13 standard. Based on this result, it showed that salacca frond has potential as a material for manufacturing particleboard.
Properties and utilization possibilities of Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) wood from agroforestry plantation
Authors: Sutapa J P G
Published: April 2020

The increasing output of agroforestry can be achieved by optimizing and improving its wood product. Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) is one of the fast-growing species planted in traditional agroforestry in Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. In this field observation and literature study, the physical and mechanical properties of Mindi wood and the calorific value of the wood waste were evaluated. Finally, the allowable tension (safe load) from Mindi wood for practice application has been calculated. The result indicates that the wood of Mindi is suitable for building construction and furniture material. Its differential shrinkage is in the same range as Teak wood. The allowable tension of Mindi Wood is higher than Quercho blanco wood from Sud America. Furthermore, wood waste of Mindi is suitable for heating material and torrefaction effort will improve its calorific value. Due to its fast growth, good stem quality and its low shading effect of the canopy Mindi is recommended for agroforestry development.
Environmental services of Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L): a potential agroforestry crop in the uplands
Authors: Marin R A , Medina M A P , Paquit J C
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to assess the soil erosion rate and soil carbon stock of an adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) farming system at varying slope gradients. The study was carried for a 10-month period following the completely randomized design. The erosion rate was measured using an improvised erosion bar, the infiltration by an infiltrometer, and soil carbon was analysed through a laboratory facility. Findings revealed that erosion rates in the adlay farming system are far beyond the tolerable limit. The slope > 20 % had an erosion rate of 66. 49 tons ha−1 yr−1 while the gentler slope (< 10%) had only 12.5 tons ha-1 yr-1. Soil carbon stock of the area ranged from 1.684 tons ha-1 to 2.2 tons ha-1 across the slope gradients of the farm. The infiltration rate was also found to be higher in a gentler slope (< 10%) at 106.67 mm hr-1 as against 91.33 mm hr-1 in steeper slope (> 20%). Adlay crop may be planted along areas steeper than 10% slope but this requires minimal tillage to minimize soil erosion. The technologies for soil and water conservation measures need to be adopted by the farmers in steeper areas.
Introducing genetically improved Melaleuca cajuputi subsp cajuputi to increase farmers’s welfare: a success story in Papua
Authors: Kartikawati N K , Rimbawanto A , Prastyono  , Sumardi
Published: April 2020

Cajuput tree is native to Maluku and produce 1,8 cineole based essential oil. Since 1995, the Centre of Biotechnology and Tree Improvement has implemented a genetic improvement program of cajuput aiming to increase oil yield and oil content. The program has successfully produced superior seeds with the yield of 2%. In early 2016, a small scale pilot plantation of cajuput was established in 5 ha community land di Kampung Rimbajaya Distrik Biak Timur Kabupaten Biak, Papua. Leaf distillation started at the end of 2017 using a simple distillation unit. Previously, the local farmers were woodcutters and shifting cultivators. After the establishment of cajuput plantation, they became permanent farmers and cajuput oil refiners. Leaf distillation of genetically improved trees produced oil yield of 1.3%, a significant improvement from the average of 0.6 – 0.8% yield of unimproved trees. This 5 ha plantation of 2500 trees/ha potentially produce 400 kg/year. Some of the cajuput oil is sold in a local market in 8ml bottle. This cajuput oil production scheme has increased the farmers welfare. Furthermore, the success story of Kovarwis farmers inspired other farmers surrounding Rimbajaya to develop similar plantation. When this small-scale plantation is replicated in other parts of Indonesia, cajuput oil production will increase and Indonesia may one day become self-sufficient in cajuput oil. An agreement with cajuput packaging company is being establish to ensure that the oil produce by farmers will be purchased by the company and thus ensuring steady supply of good quality oil.
Forest conflict mitigation through coffee-based agroforestry provide secure habitat for Javan Slow Lorise in a lowland fragmented forest in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sodik M , Pudyatmoko S , Yuwono P S H , Imron M A
Published: April 2020

Java Island has experienced numbers of forest conflict. Consequently, it may contribute to the disturbance of the sustainability of its forest biodiversity and increasing number of local poverty surrounding the forest area. Agroforestry system is known as one of the strategies to mitigate the forest conflict. The system helps the farmers to increase agricultural production, social life, and ecological stability. Local community in Kemuning forest had been implementing coffee-based agroforestry system for a long time, as part of their main income. This system allowed farmers to acces the forest through an intensive interaction between locals and its forest environment. This study aimed to understand the forest conflict mitigation through agroforestry practices in Kemuning forest better, which allegedly become a key factor for the sustainability of the presence of Javan slow lorise. This study builds on the assumption that people frame conflicts on Kemuning forest according to their experiences, expectations, objectives and interests at a specific moment. The basis for our analytical framework is found in theories on framing. In doing so, the study uses the framing analysis theory to identify framing of the conflict by different involved stakeholders. Data were collected in 2018 - 2019 through several techniques such as in depth interview, field observation, and study literatures. Collected data were analyzed descriptively by discussing each finding with framing analysis theory. Findings revealed that conflict in Kemuning forest were triggered by three main issue/problem frames identified as the root causes of the conflicts which are forest security, unfollow the signed contract, and an unequal benefit sharing from the coffee-based agroforestry sector. Other frames: identity, characterization, and conflict management frames were constructed in such a way to reinforce the issue/problem frames. This study also found that related to Javan slow lorise habitat, this coffee-based agroforestry system is the appropriate land use management that provide secure habitat for the sustainability of the presence of the animal within Kemuning forest.
Silvopasture based on Sengon (SBS) in the southern of Merapi Volcano and the development opportunities
Authors: Dewi R A , Suryanto P , Suwignyo B , Adriana  , Triyogo A
Published: April 2020

Silvopasture is an important pillar for people in the southern part of Merapi Volcano. Silvopasture provides forage and also supports ecological recovery after the eruption. This research was aimed to determine the composition of stands, forage productivity and quality, and the opportunities of silvopasture development. Data were collected by a purposive method that divided the land into 4 categories based on the age of sengon stands: 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years with 4 samples were taken from each category. Measurement of stands were collected using 20m × 20m plots. Inside the stands plot there were 5 plots of 1m × 1m ordered diagonally to collect forage samples. The variables observed include the species and the number of stands and forage, forage’s productivity (wet weight), also forage’s quality (organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber). Data analysis used the Importance Value Index (IVI), Diversity Index (H’), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result showed that the land composed by timber stands (sengon, mahogany, mindi, mangium, and jabon), fruit stands (durian, guava, dersono guava, jengkol, melinjo, jackfruit, kokosan, and avocado), forage stands (gamal), and other stands (waru gunung). The observed forage were Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, and Imperata cylindrica. Panicum maximum on SBS of 4 years old (shade intensity 92,93%) has the best productivity (0,077 ton/ha/year wet weight) and quality (10% crude protein, 20,6% crude fiber, and 83,4% organic matter). Silvopasture can be developed by intensifying the land space for stands and forage as well as increasing the land owner’s knowledge about silvopasture.
Buoy observation data verification and application
Authors: Xu Shanshan , Luo Jingxin , Wang Aimei , Li Cheng , Wu Shuangquan
Published: April 2020

The buoy automatic observation is greatly influenced by the marine environment. The quality of buoy observation data needs to be tested before it is applied. In this paper, buoy observation data is verified with the ocean station and ocean section observation data, and the reliability of buoy observation is analyzed. On this basis, the hydrometeorological condition in the central Bohai Sea is analyzed for surface water temperature, surface salinity, sea surface air temperature and sea surface pressure. The results show: The reliability and continuity of buoy observation of sea surface water temperature, sea surface air temperature and sea surface pressure are high; the reliability of sea surface salinity, average wind speed, average wind direction, significant wave height, significant wave period, average wave height and average wave period are low. The hydrometeorological condition in the central Bohai Sea analyzed by buoy observation data is basically consistent with the existing research conclusions. The lowest water temperature in the central Bohai Sea occurs in February.
Study on the actual operation characteristics of fluidized bed heat exchanger in a supercritical CFB boiler
Authors: Wang Hu , Xin Shengwei , Zhang Peng , Hu Changhua , Lu Xiaofeng , Lei Xiujian , Chen Jianbin , Kuang Wei , Wu Wanzhu , Gu Congyang , Xie Guowei
Published: April 2020

On the basis of measurements on the fluidized bed heat exchanger (FBHE) in a 600MW supercritical CFB boiler fueled by lean coal under different boiler load, the actual operation characteristics of the FBHEs, such as post-combustion characteristics and heat absorption shares in the FBHE were obtained in this paper, as well as ash flow rate through the FBHE. The measured and calculated results indicate that the post-combustion phenomenon exists in the FBHEs of the boiler fueled by lean coal. As steam parameter raises from subcritical to supercritical parameter, heat absorption share of heating surface in the FBHEs are quite different from each other regardless of boiler load. Moreover, as the boiler load decreases, ash flow rate through FBHE arranging reheater is almost the same, while ash flow rate through FBHE arranging superheater changes significantly. These results can provide referential materials for the optimized design and operation of the FBHE in large-scale CFB boilers.
Research on integrative multi-media modelling and simulation method for tight formation horizontal well development
Authors: Dong Jiaxin , Shi Wen , Yang Fan , Liu Lifeng
Published: April 2020

Tight formations usually have large area of coverage. There is large areal heterogeneity for reservoir petrophysics, rock facies, formation thickness, physical properties and oil saturations, in different reservoir blocks, in area between different wells, and also in different segments of a single well. Tight reservoirs have different scales of natural fracture development. Hydraulic fracturing also forms different scales of complex hydraulic fracture network, which has large macroscopic heterogeneity with prominent multi-scale features. Unconventional tight reservoirs consist of different scales of porous media from nano-sized to nano-micron to micron-sized. There is large difference for compositions and quantity distributions in pore spaces with different scales. Different scales of pores present discrete discontinuous distribution in space, with large heterogeneity in spatial distribution. There is large difference for geometric parameters and physical properties in different scales of porous media. Different scales of pores present large microscopic heterogeneity and multiple porous media features. All of these features make conventional reservoir modelling and numerical simulation theory and technology not applicable in this scenario. In this paper, a new multimedia modelling and simulation method for volume fracturing of horizontal wells in tight reservoirs is introduced in detail by using the unconventional reservoir modelling software Untog, taking a single well as an example.