bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glenoid fossa position in skeletal class-II malocclusion due to retrognathic mandible and skeletal class-I malocclusion in Pakistani population
Authors: Rabia Tabassum  , Nazish Amjad  , Faiza Malik
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Different dental and skeletal abnormalities interact with each other to cause multiple malocclusions of various areas of the dentofacial region. Association of the mandible and cranial base influence the malocclusions in anteroposterior and vertical dimensions that influences the evaluation of the skeletal components of a particular patient, so the relationship of glenoid fossa to adjacent craniofacial components must be taken into account. This research is conducted for the comparison of glenoid fossa position in subjects presenting with class II skeletal malocclusion due to retrognathic mandible and class I skeletal malocclusion.

METHODOLOGY: Standardized lateral cephalograms of 130 patients were selected according to inclusion criteria from the orthodontic department. These radiographs were traced, and different angular and linear measurements were recorded. Then the position of glenoid fossa was compared in subjects of class II malocclusion with retrognathic mandible and class I malocclusion. SPSS version 17 was used for data analysis. Cephalometric measurements were analyzed, and glenoid fossa position was compared in both groups by using student’s t-test. Statistical level of significance using student t test was p< 0.05

RESULTS: Position of glenoid fossa in subjects with class II malocclusion is more distal and posterior as compared to the subjects with class I malocclusion. The effective parameters for the measurements of glenoid fossa are GF-S on FH, GF-Ptm on FH, and GF-FMN with p value 0.0001.

CONCLUSION: A distally and posteriorly placed glenoid fossa is an important diagnostic feature of Class II skeletal malocclusion with the retrognathic mandible.
Pre-operative pyuria predicts tumor recurrence in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor with post-operative instillation of BCG
Authors: Syed Atif Hussain  , Majed Saeed  , Atta Ur Rehman Rana  , Khizar Hayat Gondala  , Ali Shandar Durrani  , Muhammad Raheem Sajjad
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: In Pakistan, urinary bladder cancer is one of the top ten malignancies. The most important concern after its treatment is tumor recurrence. Recent literature claimed that pre-operative pyuria in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor was associated with significantly higher frequency of recurrence. However, there was controversy in existing literature and no such local published material was available which necessitated the present study. To determine the frequency of pre-operative pyuria in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with post-operative instillation of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) and to compare the frequency of tumor recurrence in patients with and without pre-operative pyuria.

METHODOLOGY: It was a comparative study. This study involved 280 patients of both genders aged between 20-80 years. Pre-operative pyuria was diagnosed if early morning midstream urine specimen showed ≥10 white blood cells/HPF. Outcome variable was frequency of recurrence after 12 weeks of treatment on check cystoscopy.

RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 57.1±8.5 years. There were 236 (84.3%) male and 44 (15.7%) female patients in the study. 155 (55.4%) patients were tobacco smoker. Pre-operative pyuria was diagnosed in 127 (45.4%) patients while tumor recurrence was observed in 183 (65.4%) patients. The frequency of tumor recurrence was significantly higher in patients with pre-operative pyuria (85.8% vs. 48.4%; p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Pre-operative pyuria was a frequent finding in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder tumor and was associated with higher frequency of tumor recurrence which warrants routine screening of such patients for pyuria and increased frequency of tumor recurrence.
Morphological changes in liver of methimazole treated rats, a pilot study
Authors: Maira Bhatti  , Waqas Iqbal Butt  , Shahnaz Fatima  , Fouzia Perveen  , Sabeen Arjumand  , Amna Iqbal Butt
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Thyrotoxicosis is a disease in which thyroid hormones are raised, and we have seen multiple patients suffering from this ailment in Pakistan. Methimazole is an anti-thyroid drug for thyrotoxicosis. Hepatotoxicity and liver ailments were common with methimazole prescribed for hypothyroid patients. Hypothyroidism, a common side effect of this drug, has been seen in a majority of patients, but liver toxicity remained unaddressed. So, in this study, we have observed histological changes in the liver after methimazole administration.

METHODOLOGY: The pilot study was carried out in the University of Health Sciences (UHS), Lahore, and was ended in twenty-one days. We divided animals in 2 groups. Each group comprises 12 animals. Group-I was negative control, and water was given through the oral route for 21 days. Group-II was administered methimazole orally 60mg/kg/day for twenty-one days. At the end;S animals were dissected, and livers were removed for histological examination.

RESULTS: The histological picture of the liver showed 75% severe disruption in liver architecture, inflammation, and fatty change in group 2, indicating liver damage.

CONCLUSION: Methimazole, hepatotoxic with discernable damage to its architecture, epithelium, and inflammatory changes.
Comparative evaluation of oral hygiene knowledge and practices among patients visiting a public Dental Institute
Authors: Naveed Irfan  , Agha Taymoor Ali  , Suneel Kumar Punjabi  , Mowaffaq Abdullmomen Al Absi  , Talha Asad Khan  , Arsalan Ahmed
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE:

Knowledge regarding oral hygiene and routine practices of maintaining that hygiene contributes to good oral and overall health of a person. The objective of the study was to evaluate the oral hygiene perception and practices among patients belonging to rural and urban areas visiting a public dental institute.

METHODOLOGY:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the dental outpatient department (OPD) of the Institute of Dentistry Liaquat University Jamshoro Sindh from June-December 2019. All patients who reported the dental OPD during the duration of the study belonging to either gender and age 18-70 years were included in the study. While those who reported in emergency with painful conditions and chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc., were excluded. A written questionnaire was used to collect participant’s information including socio-demographic details and information related to oral hygiene perceptions and practices. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 24.0.

RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 28.94±9.84 years, with an age range of 19-58 years. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between female and male participants regarding knowledge and perception of the role of oral cleaning in decay prevention, different methods of preventing dental problems, and the role of remnants of sweet food in damaging teeth. While statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the type of toothbrush used, brushing technique, and frequency of changing toothbrush was demonstrated between participants belonging to rural and urban regions.

CONCLUSION: Knowledge and routine practices regarding oral hygiene are much lower in residents of the rural region compared with the urban region.
Innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   Institute of Technology Management, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Wu Tzu-Chi , Ho Bruce Chien-Ta
Published: November 2021

Review question / Objective: (1)The features of innovation in the healthcare system during the COVID-19 era; (2)Explore the innovative solutions in different thematic categories in the healthcare system. Condition being studied: Existing studies of innovation in the healthcare system have typically focused on technology, it does not cover all kinds of innovation. Eligibility criteria: (1) articles that describe innovative ideas, solutions or experience in the healthcare system during the COVID-19 crisis(2) articles that researched innovation issues in the COVID-19crisis.
COVID-19 and the Australian labour market: how did older Australians fare during 2020?
Authors: Fry Jane , Temple Jeromey , McDonald Peter , Blackham Alysia
Published: November 2021

Background   In analysing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market, attention has focussed on younger people, leaving a research gap when it comes to outcomes for older Australians aged 50 years or over, in terms of employment, unemployment, underemployment and hours worked.

Aims   To describe levels of labour force participation, unemployment, underemployment, and hours worked by older workers and job seekers during 2020.

Data and methods   Using Australian Bureau of Statistics data, we perform descriptive analyses of variations in labour market outcomes by geographic areas, public and private sector employment, industry of employment and demographic characteristics.

Results   Older employment fell in April but recovered by December. As the full-time share initially increased, average hours worked decreased due to reductions in hours offered to workers, increasing the underemployment rate. There was little recovery of employment in metropolitan Melbourne due to prolonged lockdown conditions. Of the largest industries, retail trade and manufacturing were worst affected.

Conclusions   By December 2020, employment levels for older workers in some sectors had recovered from the initial downturn caused by the pandemic. However, for older workers in some industries, there is a major concern about their potential for future employment.
Beyond population growth: bringing connection, renewal and agency into regional development
Authors: McKenzie Fiona , McKenzie Fiona , McKenzie Fiona
Published: November 2021

Background   Boosting the population growth of towns and cities across regional Australia has long been a popular aspiration. However, the reality of many regional locations is long-term population decline.

Aims   Regional development has been underpinned by a growth paradigm which conflates population growth with success. This article explores how some regional communities have experienced renewal, fostered innovation, and enhanced community wellbeing without population growth.

Data and methods  A mixed methods approach informs this paper. Five case studies are used to illustrate ways in which regional communities can experience successful economic and social outcomes without population growth. Literature is provided for context and empirical data are used to illustrate key features of the selected towns.

Results   The case studies reveal themes of connection, place, agency and wellbeing which contribute to ‘successful’ communities. For example, developing connections with a wider network within the region or across sectors enables economic growth through innovation, irrespective of population growth.

Conclusions   Being able to respond to, or take advantage of, change is an important element in regional development and one which creates community renewal and wellbeing even if not population growth.
Dissecting the drivers of rural demographic decline: the case of the New England & North West region of New South Wales
Authors: Argent Neil
Published: November 2021

Background   In the contemporary academic literature, rural population decline has generally been regarded as a long-running and almost natural phenomenon.

Aims   This paper examines the complex temporal, spatial and cultural dynamics of the population of an inland, largely agriculturally-dependent rural region, the New South Wales New England & North West Statistical Division (SD), from the late 1990s to the 2016 Census. It investigates the key demographic processes that have driven the region’s spatially and temporally-uneven experiences of population change – including decline – over this tumultuous period, using these as portents of the regional population’s likely future trajectories.

Data and methods   The analysis draws on Australian Bureau of Statistics Census data for the SD’s population as a whole, and for the non-Indigenous and Indigenous segments of the population.

Results   The analysis identifies that a profound ageing process is underway across the entire region, is becoming more severe with the passing years, and leading to natural decrease for some Shires. However, the SD’s Indigenous population presents a striking contrast to the non-indigenous one, growing rapidly, increasing its share of the population and is a force for demographic rejuvenation.

Conclusions   The analysis reveals that a profound ageing process is underway across the entire SD and is becoming more severe with the passing years. The SD’s Indigenous population presents a striking contrast to the non-Indigenous, growing rapidly, increasing its share of the population – particularly in the western-most LGAs – and is a force for demographic rejuvenation.
Conditions for guaranteed destruction and explosion resistance of beam structural elements in the event of an explosion in water
Authors: Володин Геннадий Тимофеевич , Кочергин Денис Сергеевич
Published: November 2021

По данным проведенных ранее исследований авторов найдены условия гарантированного разрушения и гарантированной взрывостойкости балки, свободно лежащей на недеформируемых опорах в воде. Импульсная динамическая нагрузка создана взрывом сосредоточенного заряда конденсированного взрывчатого вещества (ВВ), расположенного в воде на фиксированном расстоянии от балки. Под разрушением понимается потеря несущей способности балки вследствие возникновения в ней пластических зон (шарниров), трещин, разделений на фрагменты. Использован обобщенный на действия динамической нагрузки критерий разрушения, основанный на достижении максимальным изгибающим моментом критических значений.

According to the data of the authors’ earlier studies, the conditions of guaranteed destruction and guaranteed explosion resistance of a beam freely lying on non-deformable supports in water were found. The impulse dynamic load is created by the explosion of a concentrated charge of a condensed explosive (HE) located in water at a fixed distance from the beam. Destruction is understood as the loss of the bearing capacity of the beam due to the appearance of plastic zones (hinges), cracks, and fragmentation in it. The criterion of destruction generalized to the action of dynamic load is used, based on the achievement of critical values by the maximum bending moment.
Conservation laws for 3-dimensional equations of anisotropic elasticity
Authors: Сенашов Сергей Иванович , Гомонова Ольга Валерьевна
Published: November 2021

В работе найдены законы сохранения для трехмерных стационарных уравнений упругости в случае общей анизотропии.

Conservation Laws for 3-dimensional Stationary Equations in the Case of General Anosotropy are obtained in the work.
On the use of the criterion of maximum reduced stresses in temperature problems of plane deformation
Authors: Ткачева Анастасия Валерьевна
Published: November 2021

Работа посвящена решению задачи температурного деформирования тонкой пластины конечной ширины, выполненной из упруго-пластичного материала. В качестве условий наступления пластического течения используется условие максимальных приведенных напряжений, с зависимостью предела текучести от температуры. Именно использование зависимости предела текучести от температуры делает невозможным получение решения с условием пластического течения Треска - Сен-Венана. Показывается, что в зависимости от скорости нагрева распределение остаточных напряжений может быть разным.

Rabat is devoted to solving the problem of temperature deformation of a thin plate of finite width made of an elastic plastic material. As conditions for the onset of plastic flow, the condition of maximum reduced stresses is used, with the dependence of the yield strength on temperature. It is the use of the dependence of the yield strength on temperature that makes it impossible to obtain a solution with the condition of the plastic flow of Treska - Saint-Venant. It is shown that, depending on the heating rate, the distribution of residual stresses can be different.
Torsional stability of thin-walled cylindrical shells filled with free-flowing aggregate
Authors: Петров Михаил Васильевич , Михайлов Борис Васильевич , Гоник Екатерина Григорьевна
Published: November 2021

Экспериментами изучено влияние сыпучего заполнителя на устойчивость при кручении тонкостенных цилиндрических оболочек. Для исследования образцы изготавливались из алюминиевого сплава 3004 глубокой вытяжкой в матрице. Образцы закреплялись консольно к жесткой стенке, на свободный конец прикладывался крутящий момент. Испытывались пустые и заполненные железным порошком образцы. Нагружение образцов выполнялось ступенчато, порциями по 10Н вначале и при приближении к моменту потери устойчивости по 1Н, 0,5Н. На каждой ступени нагружения фиксировались крутящий момент и угол поворота свободного конца образца. Построены графики зависимости угла поворота от крутящего момента. Устойчивость образцов терялась в упругости. Вначале нагружения, на заполненных сыпучим заполнителем образцах, не происходит поворот сечений из-за препятствия сил трения заполнителя. Железный порошок увеличивает значение критического крутящего момента на 20-30%.

Experiments have studied the effect of free-flowing aggregate on torsional stability of thin-walled cylindrical shells. For research samples were made of aluminum alloy 3004 deep hood in the matrix. The samples were fixed cantilever to a rigid wall, on torque was applied to the free end. Tested empty and samples filled with iron powder. The loading of the samples was carried out stepwise, in portions of 10N at the beginning and when approaching the moment of loss stability of 1H, 0.5H. At each loading stage, torque and angle of rotation of the free end of the sample. Graphs built the dependence of the angle of rotation on the torque. Stability of samples lost in elasticity. At the beginning of loading, on filled with bulk filler in samples, no rotation of sections occurs due to obstacle forces friction of the aggregate. Iron powder increases the critical value of torque by 20-30 %.
Longitudinal-transverse bending of multilayer concrete rods reinforced with steel reinforcement under the influence of mass forces
Authors: Немировский Юрий Владимирович , Тихонов Сергей Владимирович
Published: November 2021

В работе рассматриваются многослойные бетонные стержни постоянного поперечного сечения армированные стальной арматурой. Предполагается, что в стержне имеет место одноосное напряженное состояние. На примере армирования сталями марок А240, А400, А800 показано влияние степени армирования на несущую способность стержня. Рассматриваются случаи армирования как только одного из слоев стержня, так и армирование всех слоев одновременно.

The paper deals with multilayer concrete rods of constant cross-section reinforced with steel reinforcement. It is assumed that there is a uniaxial stress state in the bar. Using the example of reinforcement with steels of grades A240, A400, A800, the influence of the degree of reinforcement on the bearing capacity of the bar is shown. Cases of reinforcement of both only one of the layers of the bar and reinforcement of all layers at the same time are considered
On a pseudotensor generalization of the Hugoniot-Hadamard linking boundary conditions
Authors: Мурашкин Евгений Валерьевич , Радаев Юрий Николаевич
Published: November 2021

В представляемой работе исследуются особенности связывающих двусторонних граничных условий на поверхностях разрывов, распространяющихся в сплошных средах (в частности, в микрополярных континуумах). Теория Югонио-Адамара, существенно развитая Г.И. Быковцевым, распространения поверхностей разрывов физических полей обобщена на случай псевдотензорного полевого описания. Вводятся понятия фундаментального ориентирующего псевдоскаляра и псевдоскалярного времени. Исследуется геометрия поверхностей уровня псевдоскалярного поля, представляющих интерес для механики наращиваемых тел. Вводится понятие псевдонормали к поверхности. Обсуждаются вопросы дифференцирования по псевдоскалярному времени и его преобразования при зеркальных отражениях и инверсиях пространства. Получены геометрические и кинематические условия совместности первого порядка в терминах псевдотензоров. Выведены условия совместности для слабых разрывов перемещений и микровращений в микрополярном континууме.

The present work deals with the linking boundary conditions formulated on the both sides of a propagating wave surface (in particular, in micropolar continua). The Hugoniot-Hadamard theory of physical fields wave surfaces propagation, essentially developed by G.I. Bykovtsev, is generalized to the case of a pseudotensor field description. The concepts of fundamental orienting pseudoscalar and pseudoscalar time are introduced and discussed. The geometry of level surfaces of a given pseudoscalar field is studied. The concept of a pseudovector normal to a surface is introduced. The pseudoscalar time derivative is proposed and discussed. Geometric and kinematic first order compatibility conditions are obtained in terms of pseudotensors. The compatibility conditions are derived for weak discontinuities of displacements and microrotations due to defromations of the micropolar solid.
Direct, inverse and mirror wave modes of coupled displacements and microrotations monochromatic plane waves in hemitropic micropolar media
Authors: Мурашкин Евгений Валерьевич , Радаев Юрий Николаевич
Published: November 2021

В статье обсуждаются вопросы распространения монохроматических волн в гемитропном микрополярном континууме. Сформулированы уравнения динамики гемитропного микрополярного упругого тела в терминах псевдотензоров с 9-ю определяющими псевдоскалярами. Рассмотрены преобразования указанных уравнений в случаях инверсии пространства и зеркального отражения относительно заданной плоскости. Показано наличие инверсных волновых мод (наряду с прямыми) в распространяющейся плоской волне. Получены формулы преобразования прямых волновых мод перемещений и микровращений в инверсные и зеркально отраженные моды. Приводятся соответствующие формулы.

The paper deals with the propagation of monochromatic plane waves in a hemitropic micropolar continuum. The dynamics equations of a hemitropic micropolar elastic solid in terms of pseudotensors with 9 constitutive pseudoscalars are derived and discussed. Formulae for the cases of space inversion and mirror reflection relative to a given plane are obtained and considered. The simultaneous existence of the direct, inverse and mirror reflected wave modes in propagating plane waves is established. Formulae for direct wave modes of displacements and microrotations in inverse and mirror modes are given.
Организация краеведческой деятельности на Северо-Востоке России в 1930-е гг.
Authors: Khazan E.V.
Published: November 2021

На основе применения общенаучных и специально-исторических методов исследования изучена история становления краеведческого движения на Северо-Востоке России в 1930-е гг. В результате обосновывается идея о том, что изучение природных ресурсов, историко-культурного наследия региона определялось потребностями промышленного освоения края Дальстроем. Это обеспечивало важное стратегическое значение региона в форсированной индустриализации СССР.
Construction of buildings on bored reinforced concrete piles in the area «Gorokhovoye Pole» in Magadan
Authors: Trishuk A. V. , Vlasov V. P.
Published: November 2021

В работе рассмотрены проблемы возведения фундаментов на территории строительства «Гороховое поле» в г. Магадане, а также описаны инженерно-геологические условия района. Предложена оптимальная технология строительства с использованием бурообсадных железобетонных свай. Описаны преимущества данного типа фундаментов и возможные рекомендации для дальнейшего строительства на территории «Гороховое поле».
Optimization and rationalization of the educational process and information and communication technologies in the general education system
Authors: Dzhononaev R. D. , Leonova O. A.
Published: November 2021

В статье обоснована актуальность исследования, сформулированы его цель, задачи, ключевые понятия; изложены основные положения и результаты теоретико-аналитического этапа исследования, посвящённого анализу подходов к оптимизации и рационализации учебного процесса; рассмотрены критерии рационализации и оптимизации учебного процесса в школе.
Retrospective analysis of the prevalence of abortions in the Magadan region for the period 2015–2020
Authors: Pavlov Y. N. , Savvina N. V.
Published: November 2021

По оценкам ВОЗ, ежегодно во всем мире законно прерывается 26 миллионов беременностей, а 20 миллионов прерываются незаконно, из них более 78 000 случаев заканчиваются летальным исходом. Основными опасными для жизни осложнениями, возникающими в результате наименее безопасных абортов, являются кровотечения, инфекции и повреждения половых путей и внутренних органов
Development of creative abilities of the children of the primary school age in additional education environment by means of decorative and applied arts lessons
Authors: Remkus A. I. , Garipova I. O.
Published: November 2021

Освещены вопросы формирования творческих способностей детей младшего школьного возраста на занятиях по декоративно-прикладному творчеству в учреждениях дополнительного образования. Рассмотрены педагогические условия, способствующие развитию творческого потенциала детей средствами декоративно-прикладного искусства.
Characteristics of the Time of the Image of the World Among Young Representatives of the Indigenous Small-numbered Peoples of the North
Authors: Ryabova M. A.
Published: November 2021

В статье представлены результаты эмпирического исследования временных характеристик образа мира (компоненты семантического слоя) представителей коренных малочисленных народов Севера юношеского возраста. В целях экспериментального исследования применялась трехуровневая модель образа мира, эмпирическое описание специфики образа мира представителей коренных этносов юношеского возраста с использованием указанной модели проведено впервые.
Hyperpigmented Nodular Dermatofibroma: Two Cases Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: Hardianty Andi , Djawad Khairuddin , Wahab Siswanto , Nurdin Airin
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Dermatofibroma (DF) is a common benign skin tumor (Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma) that mostly affects the extremities with a tendency to occur more often in older females than males. It usually presents as a slow growing small brown dome shape papule on the extremities. DF has a chronic nature and can sometimes regresses spontaneously. Dermoscopy is essential in the evaluation of DF to help differentiate it with other skin tumors. The gold standard evaluation for diagnosis of DF is biopsy with histopathologic examination. Removal of DF is often due to cosmetic factors, with surgical excision being the preferred method for removal. DF has an excellent prognosis.
CASE REPORT: We present two case reports of women with hyperpigmented nodules on the lower extremity. Dimple sign was positive. From dermoscopic study showed a pigment network and central white patch pattern. On histologic examination revealed proliferation of fibroblast such as spindle cells as a storiform pattern and hyperplastic epidermis with hyperpigmentation of the basal layer. Based on clinical features, dermoscopy and histopathological evaluation, the diagnosis of DF was established. Both patients were perform surgically excision and have a good result.
CONCLUSION: Dermatofibroma is benign fibrous histiocytoma that represents one of the most common skin tumours. Nodular hyperpigmented dermatofibroma is a clinical variant of Dermatofibroma which can be treated with surgical excision with good prognosis.
Factor Influencing Vaccine Rejection of Complete Basic Immunization in Indonesia
Authors: Agustina Setyaningsih  , Siregar Kemal N
Published: November 2021

AIM: This study aims to identify psychological factors against vaccine rejection in Indonesia. The study also provides a review of the group of different factors on psychological factors in social media. METHODS: This study uses secondary data sourced from Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram about vaccines rejection from 2018 to 2019. That text is labeled based on seven psychological factors that influence vaccine rejection. The factor analysis method is used to determine the relationship between vaccine rejection and psychological factors. RESULTS: Dimension 1 focused on individual and group influences, where the correlation value between factors such as vaccine misinformation, health worker trust, perception of side effect is 0.906 (>0.5). Dimension 2 used different factors such as trust in the goverment, negative opinion about vaccine efficacy, and social influence as contextual/environmental influencers,with a correlation value of 0.866 (>0.5). Meanwhile, Dimension 3 with general perception is a factor in vaccine and vaccination specific problems with a correlation value of 0.940 (>0.5). CONCLUSION: Psychological factors are mainly associated with vaccine rejection. Stakeholders need to observe these factors in identifying conditions for childhood vaccines rejection posted on social media in Indonesia.
Impact of Social Distancing on COVID-19 and Other Related Infectious Disease Transmission: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohd Nordin Nor Rumaizah , Arsad Fadly Syah , Megat Kamaruddin Puteri Sofia Nadira , Hilmi Muhammad , Madrim Mohd Faizal , Hassan Mohd Rohaizat , Syed Abdul Rahim Syed Sharizman , Jeffree Mohammad Saffree , Ramdzan Abdul Rahman , Atil Azman , Mokti Khalid , Abd. Rahim Muhammad Aklil , Sidek Ahmad Zulkhairul Naim Bin
Published: November 2021

Background
 
Similar to other coronaviruses, COVID-19 is transmitted mainly by droplets and is highly transmissible through close proximity or physical contact with an infected person. Countries across the globe have implemented public health control measures to prevent onwards transmission and reduce burden on health care settings. Social or physical distancing was found to be one of appropriate measure based on previous experience with epidemic and pandemic contagious diseases. This study aims to review the latest evidence of the impact of social or physical distancing implemented during COVID-19 pandemic towards COVID-19 and other related infectious disease transmission.
 
Methodology
 
The study uses PRISMA review protocol and formulation of research question was based on PICO. The selected databases include Ovid MEDLINE and Scopus. Thorough identification, screening and eligibility process were done, revealed selected 8 articles. The articles then ranked in quality through MMAT.
 
Results
 
A total of eight papers included in this analysis. Five studies (USA, Canada, South Korea and the United Kingdom) showed physical distancing had resulted in a reduction in Covid-19 transmission. In comparison, three other studies (Australia, South Korea and Finland) showed a similar decline on other infectious diseases (Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), other sexually transmitted infections (STI), Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Vaccine-Preventive Disease (VPD). The degree of the distancing policy implemented differ between strict and lenient, with both result in effectiveness in reducing transmission of infectious disease.
 
Conclusion
 
Physical or social distancing may come in the form of extreme or lenient measure in effectively containing contagious disease like COVID-19, however the stricter the measure will give more proportionate impact towards the economy, education, mental health issues, morbidity and mortality of non-COVID-19 diseases. Since we need this measure to ensure the reduction of infectious diseases transmission in order to help flattening the curve which allow much needed time for healthcare system to prepare adequately to response, ‘Precision physical distancing” can be implemented which will have more benefit towards the survival of the community as a whole.
Efficacy and Safety of Candesartan 16 mg versus 64 mg Candesartan in Renal Disease Patients with Proteinuria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gonius Andry , Adisaputra Arnaz , Farahdina Farahdina , Rifdah Salsabila , Indrasari Astried , Tjempakasari Artaria
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden in the world. One of the complications of CKD is proteinuria. Candesartan is a drug that is often used in CKD patients to improve proteinuria. There are several studies that suggest that using a higher dose of candesartan can further improve its effectiveness in reducing proteinuria in CKD patient

AIM: This paper is aimed to review the effectiveness and safety at a supramaximal dose of 64 mg to a dose of 16 mg of candesartan.

METHODS: We performed a literature search using PubMed, SCOPUS, EuropePMC, ProQuest, and Cochrane Central Databases using these keywords: “candesartan” and “16 mg” and “64 mg” or “proteinuria renal disease” or “albuminuria” and “blood pressure” that were published within the year of 1980–2021. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol were used to conduct this meta-analysis. We included randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort, retrospective or clinical observational evaluating the effect of candesartan in 16 mg or 64 mg in proteinuria renal disease patients regardless of clinical status. Non-randomized, controlled trials reporting efficacy were included if these trials were in the scope of our topic. Duplicate studies were excluded. Dichotomous variables were analyzed with the Mantel-Haenszel statistical method using risk ratio as the summary statistic and reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS: Forty-six studies were initially generated using our search keyword. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included two studies in our analysis. Our pooled analysis found that candesartan 16mg dosage administration, compared to 64mg, was not associated with proteinuria reduction (std mean diff: −10.92 [95% CI: −40.09–18.26], p = 0.46).

CONCLUSION: Candesartan supramaximal dosage 64 mg did not differ significantly in proteinuria reduction and blood pressure reduction against candesartan 16 mg. More studies are needed to determine this efficacy and safety.
Level of Knowledge and Behavior of Nurses in Pain Management in Children When an Invasive Action Is Procedures
Authors: Heris Santy Wesiana , Ugrasena I Dewa Gede , Arief Yuni Sufyanti , Nisa Fauziyatun , Hasina Siti Nur
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Lack of knowledge and inappropriate attitude toward pain management have been recognized as major obstacles to the application of pain management by health workers. Most of the nurses carry out pain management when performing invasive actions on children is not good.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and the behavior of nurses in pain management in children during invasive procedures.
METHODS: This study used an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional engineering design with a total population of 30 nurses and a total sample of 30 nurses at RSI A. Yani Surabaya and used a total sampling technique. The independent variable in this study is the level of knowledge, while the dependent variable is the behavior of nurses when performing invasive actions on children. Data were analyzed using the Fisher Exact Test for significance α = 0.05. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire and observation sheet.
RESULTS: The results showed that 23 respondents who have sufficient knowledge with 18 respondents having positive behavior and 5 respondents being negative. While 4 respondents who have good knowledge with positive behavior 3 respondents and 1 respondent behaves negatively. respondents who have less knowledge, there are 3 respondents with negative behavior. p = 0.033 (p < 0.05) then there is a knowledge relationship with the behavior of nurses on pain management in children during invasive procedures.
CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge of nurses about pain management in children during invasive procedures obtained a enough level of knowledge. The nurse’s behavior level toward pain management in children during invasive procedures is positive. The results of the analysis using statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge and behavior of nurses about pain management in children during invasive procedures.
Leveraging multifaceted proximity measures among developers in predicting future collaborations to improve the social capital of software projects
Authors: Kumar Amit , Agarwal Sonali
Published: November 2021

Social capital is an asset earned by people through their social connections. One of the motivations among developers to contribute to open source development and maintenance tasks is to earn social capital. Recent studies suggest that the social capital of the project has an impact on the sustained participation of the developers in open source software (OSS). One way to improve the social capital of the project is to help the developers in connecting with their peers. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no prior research which attempts to predict future collaborations among developers and establish the significance of these collaborations on improving the social capital at the project level. To address this research gap, in this paper, we model the past collaborations among developers on version control system (VCS) and issue tracking system (ITS) as homogeneous and heterogeneous developer social network (DSN). Along with the novel path count based features, defined on proposed heterogeneous DSN, multifaceted proximity features are used to generate a feature set for machine learning classifiers. Our experiments performed on 5 popular open source projects (Spark, Kafka, Flink, WildFly, Hibernate) indicate that the proposed approach can predict the future collaborations among developers on both the platforms i.e. VCS as well as ITS with a significant accuracy (AUROC up to 0.85 and 0.9 for VCS and ITS respectively). A generic metric- recall of gain in social capital is proposed to investigate the efficacy of these predicted collaborations in improving the social capital of the project. We also concretised this metric on various measures of social capital and found that collaborations predicted by our approach have significant potential to improve the social capital at project level (e.g. Recall of gain in cohesion index up to 0.98 and Recall of gain in average godfather index up to 0.99 for VCS). We also showed that structure of collaboration network has an impact on the accuracy and usefulness of predicted collaborations. Since the past research suggests that many newcomers abandon the open source project due to social barriers which they face after joining the project, our research outcomes can be used to build the recommendation systems which might help to retain such developers by improving their social ties based on similar skills/interests.
Incident Management for Explainable and Automated Root Cause Analysis in Cloud Data Centers    
Authors: Poghosyan Arnak , Harutyunyan Ashot , Grigoryan Naira , Kushmerick Nicholas
Published: November 2021

Effective root cause analysis (RCA) of performance issues in modern cloud environ- ments remains a hard problem. Traditional RCA tracks complex issues by their signatures known as problem incidents. Common approaches to incident discovery rely mainly on expertise of users who define environment-specific set of alerts and >target detection of problems through their occurrence in the monitoring system. Adequately modeling of all possible problem patterns for nowadays extremely sophisticated data center applications is a very complex task. It may result in alert/event storms including large numbers of non-indicative precautions. Thus, the crucial task for the incident-based RCA is reduction of redundant recommendations by prioritizing those events subject to importance/impact criteria or by deriving their meaningful groupings into separable situations. In this paper, we consider automation of incident discovery based on rule induction algorithms that retrieve conditions directly from monitoring datasets without consuming the sys- tem events. Rule-learning algorithms are very flexible and powerful for many regression and classification problems, with high-level explainability. Since annotated or labeled data sets are mostly unavailable in this area of technology, we discuss data self-labelling principles which allow transforming originally unsupervised learning tasks into classification problems with further application of rule induction methods to incident detection.
Temporal Accelerators: Unleashing the Potential of Embedded FPGAs
Authors: Cichiwskyj Christopher , Schiele Gregor
Published: November 2021

When the complexity of a problem rises, its solution requires more hardware resources. A usual way to solve this is to use larger processors and add more memory. When using Field Programmable Gate-Arrays (FPGAs), which can instantiate arbitrary circuit designs, a larger, more costly and power hungry chip is used. In this paper we propose a different approach, namely to split the problem into a graph of interdependent smaller tasks and to reconfigure a small FPGA during runtime to execute each of these tasks efficiently sequentially. This can result in cheaper and more energy efficient systems that can execute very complex problems locally. We present a basic analytical model, evaluate its accuracy and discuss initial insight from it.
Tanatopolítica y control social : la violencia como dinamizador del orden y la limpieza social en Bucaramanga, Colombia (1988-1998)
Authors: Tarazona Álvaro Acevedo , Lugos Andrés Correa
Published: November 2021

À la fin du XXe siècle, la Colombie a connu une croissance exponentielle de la violence en raison de l'essor du trafic de drogue et du conflit armé interne. Face à cette situation, des alternatives ont été mises en place pour exercer le contrôle social, comme les états d'exception et autres formes non légales de répression, qui étaient pour la plupart exercées par des acteurs informels qui, avec l'appui des Forces Militaires, administraient les façons de mourir et de tuer. Cet article analyse les formes violentes et illégales de contrôle social mises en œuvre dans la ville de Bucaramanga (Colombie) entre les années 1988 et 1998 par des groupes paramilitaires tels que « La Mano Negra ». Ces formes de contrôle social par des acteurs paramilitaires ont provoqué une privatisation de la justice et influencé le discrédit et la confiance des citoyens en leurs institutions.
L’ambivalence du conformisme langagier et communicationnel
Authors: Bautier Roger
Published: November 2021

Si on analyse les normes qui gouvernent le langage et la communication au sein de la société, ainsi que les conséquences de ces normes en matière de participation à la vie politique, on peut constater que le conformisme langagier et communicationnel est ambivalent. Facteur de contrôle social par la sélection qu’il implique, il constitue aussi un atout pour ceux qui parviennent à le traiter comme une arme dans une stratégie visant à l’intervention efficace au sein de l’espace public. Le développement des nouvelles technologies de communication a sans doute renouvelé les conditions de cette participation, mais dans quelle mesure ?
L’ordre social et son gouvernement en perspective coloniale. Pour une histoire trans-territoriale de l’Espagne contemporaine
Authors: Godicheau François , Castellanos Rubio Alina
Published: November 2021

Cet article envisage une histoire conjointe, et non pas comparative, entre les possessions ultramarines de l’Espagne et son espace européen pour le « deuxième empire » (XIXe – XXe siècles). Conjointe parce que tous les territoires issus de la monarchie catholique furent confrontés à cette époque à des problèmes communs, auxquels bien entendu des solutions différentes furent trouvées, ce qui n’empêche pas pour autant une approche conjointe. L’étude du contrôle social, le gouvernement de l’ordre social, en est un terrain privilégié. En observant à la fois d’une part, les logiques de transformation des institutions héritées de l’Ancien régime communes à tous ces territoires, et d’autre part, les particularités faisant de Cuba un terrain d’expérimentation économique et politique exceptionnel, le présent article entend montrer que la compréhension des phénomènes de gouvernement de l’ordre social, comme beaucoup d’autres, doit indubitablement prendre en compte la dimension trans-territoriale et globale de l’Espagne contemporaine.
Deconstructing Online Hospitality Review Systems
Authors: Xiao Quan , Li Shun , Zhang Xing , Zhang Fuguo , Yue Qi , Wan Shanshan
Published: December 2021

Online hospitality reviews have an important impact on consumers’ travel and hospitality booking decisions in the Internet age. A well-designed online hospitality review system is crucial to reduce the uncertainty of consumers’ decision making, to grasp the actual needs of consumers, and to improve the quality experience of platforms. In this context, this research conducts an empirical study on the design features of online hospitality review systems based on the Kano model. First, the paper analyzes the design features of online hospitality review systems. Then, the paper proposes an improved method to classify design features on the basis of the Kano questionnaire design and survey data. Finally, the paper quantitatively measures their importance in online hospitality review systems. Results can provide scientific basis for online travel platforms or hospitality operators to optimize the design of online hospitality review systems and to obtain reference value to increase the satisfaction of consumers’ decision making.
Social Support and Self-Management among End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Indonesia
Authors: Noviana Chorina Mega , Zahra Anggri Noorana
Published: December 2021

Background

Self-management is the latest multidisciplinary intervention that empowers end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients to be active in maintaining their health status. The implementation of self-management among ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis in Indonesia remains relatively low, contributing to the high prevalence of complications and morbidity. The social cognitive theory proposes that social support is one of the environmental factors affecting health behavior change. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between social support and self-management among ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis in Indonesia.

Design and Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 ESRD patients selected by consecutive sampling. Data were collected online from four chronic kidney disease communities in Indonesia in June 2020. Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey and Hemodialysis Self-Management Instrument were used to measure patients’ functional social support and selfmanagement levels. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the association between social support and self-management.

Results

More than half of the patients had high social support (51%) and good self-management (53%). There was a significant relationship between social support and self-management (p =0.027; α=0.05; odds ratio 95% CI = 2.386).

Conclusions

Social support is a potential environmental factor that can be modified to enhance health behavior change among ESRD patients in Indonesia, with the specific behavior being selfmanagement. This study recommends functional social support as an integral part of self-management intervention provided through cooperation between health workers, chronic kidney disease community, and patient companions.