bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Capability of Rainwater Harvesting as an Alternative Water Supply
Authors: Tholibon Duratul Ain , Mokhtar Hamizah , Latib Farah Wahida Mohd , Ismail Muhammad Isha , Nujid Masyitah Md , Salam Rudi
Published: February 2024

This Rainwater Harvesting System (RWH) is considered the Best Management Practice (BMP) which is being implemented in Malaysia. This system is not only intended to slow down the flow of runoff the surface is even used as a free and safe alternative source of water supply. However, it is mentioned that the system is not viable and impractical considering the construction and maintenance costs that had to be borne by the users of the system. However, several studies inside and outside the country show the Return on Capital (ROC) factor for this system only in a short period, i.e., between two and three years. This article aims to identify the capability of the experimental study site of Rabbitland Jengka Pahang, Malaysia in providing the most suitable or potential location to apply the RWH system. Moreover, it predicts the capability of the RWH system as well as the ROC ability of the system. Results indicate that the level of the system’s reliability is high and the ROC for the investment of the system takes only 36 months to recover the cost of the investment. The National Water Quality Standards (NWQS) for Malaysia proved that RWH and groundwater used are in class 3 which is suitable for livestock drinking, and external domestic uses, and needs extensive treatment for drinking purposes.
A Framework of Contractual Protocol for Building Information Modelling (BIM) Implementation in Water Treatment Plant Projects
Authors: Ali Mariawati Binti
Published: February 2024

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is becoming a comprehensive collaborative process in the construction industry. Since the introduction of BIM in Malaysia in 2009, the technology adoption rate is slow when compared to other countries of the world. Most of the construction companies in Malaysia have an insight on the BIM concept but are yet to implement it in the management of their construction projects. By the year 2020, the Malaysian government will make BIM mandatory, this makes it important to carry out research on the possible applications of the technology. The aim for this research is to establish a Framework of Contractual Protocol for BIM-Water Treatment Plant projects in Malaysia. This research focuses on four (4) objectives which are: (a)to explore the Contractual Issues on BIM Implementation for Water Treatment Plant projects. (b) to identify the Contractual provision on BIM Implementation for Water Treatment Plant projects. (c) to determine the Requirement Components of Contractual Protocol for on BIM Implementation for Water Treatment Plant projects. (d) to establish a Framework of Contractual Protocol for on BIM Implementation for Water Treatment Plant projects. A qualitative method of enquiry was used for this study in Klang Valley using semi structured interview. The responses received were analyzed by using SPSS. The result of the analysis showed that the contractual issues posed by the adoption of BIM, the contractual provision, the requirement component of contractual protocol and to establish the framework of contractual protocol for BIM Implementation for Water Treatment Plant projects. The implication of this findings is that to prove the studies on legal and contractual aspect of BIM implementation in water Treatment Plant Projects is increase to meet the demand of the implementations of BIM technology is regarded as the future of construction industry, which makes it very important for the industry.
Risk Management Planning by Risk Register in Building Construction Project
Authors: Rani Hafnidar A. , Syammaun Tamalkhani , Azzahra Fatimah , Ayob Afizah , Amlus Mohammad Harith , Zakirullah  , Aqsha Muhammad Shafly
Published: February 2024

This research addresses the common issue of vulnerabilities emerging during construction projects due to inadequate risk identification and analysis. It aims to mitigate this by creating a comprehensive risk register, documenting potential risk events, their causes, and characteristics. The main goal is to identify prominent risk factors in building construction projects and develop a risk management strategy using this register. The study used purposive sampling and considered 22 indicators, including human resources, cost, materials, equipment, and environmental conditions. Questionnaires were distributed to 50 contractors in the Banda Aceh region. Validity and reliability were confirmed through statistical analysis. The analysis showed that human resources were the most prevalent risk factor. Using a probability impact matrix, five indicators had medium-risk levels, while seventeen indicated low risk. Human resources, materials and equipment, and environmental conditions were identified as dominant risk factors, all at a medium-risk level. The study underscores the importance of addressing human resources risks through a structured risk register, which can significantly improve project management and execution. By systematically assessing and mitigating potential risks, project stakeholders can make informed decisions and enhance project outcomes in terms of timelines, costs, and quality. In conclusion, this research highlights the critical role of risk management in construction projects and emphasizes the value of a comprehensive risk register. Addressing dominant risks proactively can positively impact building construction projects.
Deuterium retention and ammonia production from D-implanted 316 L stainless steel: insights for future fusion reactors
Authors: Aissou T , Ghiorghiu F , Minissale M , Angot T , De Temmerman G , Bisson R
Published: February 2024

We present a systematic study that quantifies deuterium (D) retention and ammonia (ND3) production from 316 L stainless steel (SS316L) following the implantation of D ions in conditions similar to the ones expected in the ITER tokamak, i.e. with kinetic energy below 300 eV. Using Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) after deuterium ion implantation at 250 eV/D, we show that deuterium retention increases linearly with the D fluence up to 1021 D+m−2, with a retention probability of 18%. For higher D fluence, deuterium retention increases sub-linearly. Analysis of the TPD spectra evolution with varying storage time in vacuum after D implantation, shows that D retention is influenced by D diffusion into the bulk of SS316L. Subsequent to D ion implantation, we evidence the efficient production of ND3 molecules during TPD, between 400 K and 750 K, from the nitrogen present naturally in SS316L. Up to 21% of the D release during TPD can be found in ND3 molecules, indeed. The fraction of ND3 in the total D release depends both on the D ion fluence and the nitrogen concentration profile in the bulk. At least 7% of the D release is found in the form of ND3 molecules, even at a fluence of 2 × 1021 D+m−2 and for a natural N concentration bulk profile. Both N diffusion and D diffusion into the bulk appear to dictate the kinetics of ND3 production. Our findings of efficient production of ND3 in D-implanted austenitic 316 L stainless steel underline the need for similar studies on reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels that contain similar content of nitrogen and will be used in fusion reactor prototypes.
Effect of liquid surface depression size on discharge characteristics and chemical distribution in the plasma-liquid anode system
Authors: LING 凌 Yun 芸 , DAI 戴 Dong 栋 , CHANG 常 Jiaxin 佳鑫 , WANG 汪 Buang 步昂
Published: February 2024

Atmospheric pressure plasma-liquid interactions exist in a variety of applications, including wastewater treatment, wound sterilization, and disinfection. In practice, the phenomenon of liquid surface depression will inevitably appear. The applied gas will cause a depression on the liquid surface, which will undoubtedly affect the plasma generation and further affect the application performance. However, the effect of liquid surface deformation on the plasma is still unclear. In this work, numerical models are developed to reveal the mechanism of liquid surface depressions affecting plasma discharge characteristics and the consequential distribution of plasma species, and further study the influence of liquid surface depressions of different sizes generated by different helium flow rates on the plasma. Results show that the liquid surface deformation changes the initial spatial electric field, resulting in the rearrangement of electrons on the liquid surface. The charges deposited on the liquid surface further increase the degree of distortion of the electric field. Moreover, the electric field and electron distribution affected by the liquid surface depression significantly influence the generation and distribution of active species, which determines the practical effectiveness of the relevant applications. This work explores the phenomenon of liquid surface depression, which has been neglected in previous related work, and contributes to further understanding of plasma-liquid interactions, providing better theoretical guidance for related applications and technologies.
Wind load analysis and cost assessment of a dual-axis stand-alone photovoltaic structure
Authors: Kamela Gosego , Zeundjua Tjiparuro , Oduetse Matsebe
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the effect of wind load on the structural stability of a dual axis tracking system developed at the Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST). Through simulations, the study explored wind speed variations, from 8 m s−1 to 28 m s−1, while simultaneously adjusting the azimuth and elevation angles of the structure. Utilizing computational methods and numerical simulations, the study models wind flow interactions with the dual-axis tracker system. This knowledge can be used to improve the system’s design, ensure safety, and optimize energy production and efficiency. The findings of this study contribute to the field of renewable energy, specifically in the context of solar power generation using dual-axis tracker systems. The results offer valuable insights into the wind load behavior, structural response, and energy consumption, facilitating the development of more robust and efficient tracker designs. Furthermore, the study used the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) to investigate the cost effectiveness of the solar system. The aim was to establish how the energy production of the system, the installation, operation, and maintenance costs compare to other systems using the local electricity tariffs.
Electrical spiking activity of proteinoids-ZnO colloids
Authors: Mougkogiannis Panagiotis , Raeisi Kheirabadi Noushin , Chiolerio Alessandro , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: February 2024

We are studying the remarkable electrical properties of Proteinoids-ZnO microspheres with the aim of exploring their potential for a new form of computing. Our research has revealed that these microspheres exhibit behavior similar to neurons, generating electrical spikes that resemble action potentials. Through our investigations, we have studied the underlying mechanism behind this electrical activity and proposed that the spikes arise from oscillations between the degradation and reorganization of proteinoid molecules on the surface of ZnO. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential use of Proteinoids-ZnO colloids in unconventional computing and the development of novel neuromorphic liquid circuits.
Critical state-induced emergence of superior magnetic performances in an iron-based amorphous soft magnetic composite
Authors: Shao Liliang , Bai Rongsheng , Wu Yanxue , Zhou Jing , Tong Xing , Peng Hailong , Liang Tao , Li Zongzhen , Zeng Qiaoshi , Zhang Bo , Ke Haibo , Wang Weihua
Published: February 2024

Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) play a pivotal role in the development of high-frequency, miniaturization and complex forming of modern electronics. However, they usually suffer from a trade-off between high magnetization and good magnetic softness (high permeability and low core loss). In this work, utilizing the order modulation strategy, a critical state in a FeSiBCCr amorphous soft magnetic composite (ASMC), consisting of massive crystal-like orders (CLOs, ∼1 nm in size) with the feature of α-Fe, is designed. This critical-state structure endows the amorphous powder with the enhanced ferromagnetic exchange interactions and the optimized magnetic domains with uniform orientation and fewer micro-vortex dots. Superior comprehensive soft magnetic properties at high frequency emerge in the ASMC, such as a high saturation magnetization (M
s) of 170 emu g−1 and effective permeability (μ
e) of 65 combined with a core loss (P
cv) as low as 70 mW cm−3 (0.01 T, 1 MHz). This study provides a new strategy for the development of high-frequency ASMCs, possessing suitable comprehensive soft magnetic performance to match the requirements of the modern magnetic devices used in the third-generation semiconductors and new energy fields.
Quantum graphs: Different perspectives, homomorphisms and quantum automorphisms
Authors: Daws Matthew
Published: February 2024

We undertake a study of the notion of a quantum graph over arbitrary finite-dimensional

C
∗

C^*

-algebras

B
B

equipped with arbitrary faithful states. Quantum graphs are realised principally as either certain operators on

L
2

(
B
)

L^2(B)

, the quantum adjacency matrices, or as certain operator bimodules over

B
′

B’

. We present a simple, purely algebraic approach to proving equivalence between these settings, thus recovering existing results in the tracial state setting. For non-tracial states, our approach naturally suggests a generalisation of the operator bimodule definition, which takes account of (some aspect of) the modular automorphism group of the state. Furthermore, we show that each such “non-tracial” quantum graph corresponds to a “tracial” quantum graph which satisfies an extra symmetry condition. We study homomorphisms (or CP-morphisms) of quantum graphs arising from unital completely positive (UCP) maps, and the closely related examples of quantum graphs constructed from UCP maps. We show that these constructions satisfy automatic bimodule properties. We study quantum automorphisms of quantum graphs, give a definition of what it means for a compact quantum group to act on an operator bimodule, and prove an equivalence between this definition, and the usual notion defined using a quantum adjacency matrix. We strive to give a relatively self-contained, elementary, account, in the hope this will be of use to other researchers in the field.
Comparison of Different Acellular Dermal Matrix in Breast Reconstruction: A Skin-to-Skin Study
Authors: Davison Steven P , Harbour Skylar , Fassihi Eliana
Published: February 2024

Background

Since the early 2000s, acellular dermal matrix has been a popular adjunct to prepectoral breast reconstruction to enhance outcomes.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the postoperative course of 2 standard acellular dermal matrix products, AlloDerm SELECT Ready To Use and DermACELL.

Methods

A prospective, patient-blind study of patients undergoing bilateral nipple and/or skin-sparing mastectomies with either tissue expander or silicone implant insertion between 2019 and 2022 were selected for this study. The study design used patients as their own controls between 2 products randomly assigned to the left or right breast. Outcomes between the products included average time for drain removal, infection rate, seroma rate, and incorporation rates.

Results

The prospective clinical data of 55 patients (110 breasts) were recorded for 90 days. There were no significant differences between drain removal time, average drain output, or seroma aspiration amount. A higher percentage of seromas was recorded in the breasts with AlloDerm (30.91%) compared with breasts containing DermACELL (14.55%, P < .05), and a statistically significant difference between the incorporation rates of AlloDerm (93.4%) and DermACELL (99.8%, P < .05) was observed.

Conclusions

Irrespective of patient demographic disparities, both products had a 94.55% success rate for reconstruction outcomes. AlloDerm was determined to have a higher incidence of seromas as a postoperative complication and a trend to lower incorporation.

Level of Evidence: 3
ARGprofiler—a pipeline for large-scale analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes and their flanking regions in metagenomic datasets
Authors: Martiny Hannah-Marie , Pyrounakis Nikiforos , Petersen Thomas N , Lukjančenko Oksana , Aarestrup Frank M , Clausen Philip T L C , Munk Patrick
Published: February 2024

Motivation

Analyzing metagenomic data can be highly valuable for understanding the function and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, there is a need for standardized and reproducible workflows to ensure the comparability of studies, as the current options involve various tools and reference databases, each designed with a specific purpose in mind.

Results

In this work, we have created the workflow ARGprofiler to process large amounts of raw sequencing reads for studying the composition, distribution, and function of ARGs. ARGprofiler tackles the challenge of deciding which reference database to use by providing the PanRes database of 14 078 unique ARGs that combines several existing collections into one. Our pipeline is designed to not only produce abundance tables of genes and microbes but also to reconstruct the flanking regions of ARGs with ARGextender. ARGextender is a bioinformatic approach combining KMA and SPAdes to recruit reads for a targeted de novo assembly. While our aim is on ARGs, the pipeline also creates Mash sketches for fast searching and comparisons of sequencing runs.

Availability and implementation

The ARGprofiler pipeline is a Snakemake workflow that supports the reuse of metagenomic sequencing data and is easily installable and maintained at https://github.com/genomicepidemiology/ARGprofiler.
The effect of different dialysate sodium concentrations on ambulatory blood pressure in hemodialysis patients: a prospective interventional study
Authors: Bratsiakou Adamantia , Iatridi Fotini , Theodorakopoulou Marieta , Sarafidis Pantelis , Goumenos Dimitrios S , Papachristou Evangelos , Papasotiriou Marios
Published: February 2024

Background

Hypertension is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Existing recommendations suggest reduction of sodium load, but the effect of dialysate sodium on blood pressure (BP) is not fully elucidated. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of different dialysate sodium concentrations on 72-h ambulatory BP in hemodialysis patients.

Methods

This prospective study included patients on standard thrice-weekly hemodialysis. All patients initially underwent six sessions with dialysate sodium concentration of 137 meq/L, followed consecutively by another six sessions with dialysate sodium of 139 meq/L and, finally, six sessions with dialysate sodium of 141 meq/L. At the start of the sixth hemodialysis session on each sodium concentration, 72-h ABPM was performed over the long interdialytic interval to evaluate ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) during the overall 72-h, different 24-h, daytime and night-time periods.

Results

Twenty-five patients were included in the final analysis. A significant increase in the mean 72-h SBP was observed with higher dialysate sodium concentrations (124.8 ± 16.6 mmHg with 137 meq/L vs 126.3 ± 17.5 mmHg with 139 meq/L vs 132.3 ± 19.31 mmHg with 141 meq/L, P = 0.002). Similar differences were noted for DBP; 72-h DBP was significantly higher with increasing dialysate sodium concentrations (75.1 ± 11.3 mmHg with 137 meq/L vs 76.3 ± 13.7 mmHg with 139 meq/L vs 79.5 ± 13.9 mmHg with 141 meq/L dialysate sodium, P = 0.01). Ambulatory BP during the different 24-h intervals, daytime and night-time periods was also progressively increasing with increasing dialysate sodium concentration.

Conclusion

This pilot study showed a progressive increase in ambulatory BP with higher dialysate sodium concentrations. These findings support that lower dialysate sodium concentration may help towards better BP control in hemodialysis patients.
Case report of a rare cause of secondary hypertension illustrating the importance of cardio-obstetric preconception counselling
Authors: Meister Theo A , Soria Rodrigo , Bubulyte Laura , Spano Giancarlo , Makaloski Vladimir , Raio Luigi , Rexhaj Emrush
Published: February 2024

Background

Cardiovascular diseases represent a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. High blood pressure during pregnancy is a major driver of short- and long-term cardiovascular health in both mother and child. Screening and adequate treatment of elevated blood pressure before pregnancy significantly reduce mortality risk to mother and child.

Case summary

A 30-year-old woman with middle aortic coarctation (MAC) previously treated with aortic stenting was referred to our cardio-obstetrics with plans to become pregnant. The clinical examination revealed severe hypertension with a significant blood pressure gradient between the upper and lower limbs. The patient underwent computed tomography angiography showing re-stenosis of the aorta. After the analysis of the benefit risk of all treatment options, percutaneous transluminal aortic in-stent re-stenting was performed. Following the intervention, blood pressure profile significantly improved but remained slightly elevated further necessitating the introduction of an antihypertensive therapy.

Discussion

This clinical case condenses several challenges encountered in the management of hypertension in women who plan to become pregnant. Firstly, it emphasizes the fact that secondary causes of chronic hypertension, including MAC, do not have to be overlooked in childbearing age patient. Secondly, it illustrates the need for a multidisciplinary analysis of all available treatment options in view of a future pregnancy. Finally, it discusses the particular follow-up and potential complications in pregnant women with MAC and aortic stent.
Giant aneurysm of the left atrial appendage: a case report
Authors: Coraducci Francesca , Barbarossa Alessandro , Coretti Francesca , Belleggia Sara , Guerra Federico
Published: February 2024

Background

Left atrial appendage aneurysm (LAAA) is a rare condition mostly due to congenital malformations or secondary causes (i.e. mitral regurgitation).

Case summary

We present a case of a 47-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation treated with propafenone presented to our emergency department for palpitation and epigastric pain. The electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation at high ventricular rate and a new-onset left bundle branch block. Urgent coronary angiogram excluded coronary artery disease. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance revealed a giant LAAA. The electrocardiogram alterations were deemed secondary to aberrancy and treatment with class IC antiarrhythmic. The patient was discussed in the heart team, and considering his will to avoid surgery, he was managed conservatively with closed follow-up, anticoagulant and antiarrhythmic therapy, and internal loop recorder. At 1-year follow-up, he showed asymptomatic and without arrhythmias.

Discussion

Few cases are described in the literature; therefore, there is uncertainty in treatment and prognosis. Diagnosis is achieved with multimodality imaging. Treatment can be surgical with aneurysmectomy or conservative with regular follow-up by imaging examinations and pharmacological therapy aimed to prevent complications such as thrombosis and arrhythmias. Since high-quality scientific data are lacking, shared decision-making is essential for the management of patients affected by LAAA. In our clinical case, our patient’s will to not undergo surgery was considered, and therefore, a conservative management with strict follow-up and medications was chosen.
Predicting multifaceted risks using machine learning in atrial fibrillation: insights from GLORIA-AF study
Authors: Lu Juan , Bisson Arnaud , Bennamoun Mohammed , Zheng Yalin , Sanfilippo Frank M , Hung Joseph , Briffa Tom , McQuillan Brendan , Stewart Jonathon , Figtree Gemma , Huisman Menno V , Dwivedi Girish , Lip Gregory Y H
Published: February 2024

Aims

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have a higher risk of ischaemic stroke and death. While anticoagulants are effective at reducing these risks, they increase the risk of bleeding. Current clinical risk scores only perform modestly in predicting adverse outcomes, especially for the outcome of death. We aimed to test the multi-label gradient boosting decision tree (ML-GBDT) model in predicting risks for adverse outcomes in a prospective global AF registry.

Methods and results

We studied patients from phase II/III of the Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Anti-Thrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation registry between 2011 and 2020. The outcomes were all-cause death, ischaemic stroke, and major bleeding within 1 year following the AF. We trained the ML-GBDT model and compared its discrimination with the clinical scores in predicting patient outcomes. A total of 25 656 patients were included [mean age 70.3 years (SD 10.3); 44.8% female]. Within 1 year after AF, ischaemic stroke occurred in 215 (0.8%), major bleeding in 405 (1.6%), and death in 897 (3.5%) patients. Our model achieved an optimized area under the curve in predicting death (0.785, 95% CI: 0.757–0.813) compared with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (0.747, P = 0.007), ischaemic stroke (0.691, 0.626–0.756) compared with CHA2DS2-VASc (0.613, P = 0.028), and major bleeding (0.698, 0.651–0.745) as opposed to HAS-BLED (0.607, P = 0.002), with improvement in net reclassification index (10.0, 12.5, and 23.6%, respectively).

Conclusion

The ML-GBDT model outperformed clinical risk scores in predicting the risks in patients with AF. This approach could be used as a single multifaceted holistic tool to optimize patient risk assessment and mitigate adverse outcomes when managing AF.
Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: a systematic review
Authors: Tsampasian Vasiliki , Bäck Maria , Bernardi Marco , Cavarretta Elena , Dębski Maciej , Gati Sabiha , Hansen Dominique , Kränkel Nicolle , Koskinas Konstantinos C , Niebauer Josef , Spadafora Luigi , Frias Vargas Manuel , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Vassiliou Vassilios S
Published: February 2024

Aims

Long COVID syndrome has had a major impact on million patients’ lives worldwide. The cardiovascular system is an important aspect of this multifaceted disease that may manifest in many ways. We have hereby performed a narrative review in order to identify the extent of the cardiovascular manifestations of the Long COVID syndrome.

Methods and results

An in-depth systematic search of the literature has been conducted for this narrative review. The systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane databases yielded 3993 articles, of which 629 underwent full-text screening. A total of 78 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis and data evaluation. The pathophysiology of the cardiovascular sequelae of Long COVID syndrome and the cardiac manifestations and complications of Long COVID syndrome are critically evaluated. In addition, potential cardiovascular risk factors are assessed, and preventive methods and treatment options are examined in this review.

Conclusion

This systematic review poignantly summarizes the evidence from the available literature regarding the cardiovascular manifestations of Long COVID syndrome and reviews potential mechanistic pathways, diagnostic approaches, preventive measures, and treatment options.
Law and the political economy of AI production
Authors: Terzis Petros
Published: February 2024

The governance of artificial intelligence (AI) is at a historical juncture. Legislative acts, global treaties, export controls, and technical standards are now dominating the discourse over what used to be a predominantly market-driven space. Amidst all this frenzy, this paper explains why none of these projects will achieve ‘alignment’ of AI with the prospect of a sustainable model of production authentically committed to the rights and freedoms of people and communities. By reflecting on the role of law in consolidating the visions and logics of few multinationals in the global value chains of AI, it warns against the peril of regulating AI without looking at the methods and logistics of its material production. Following a detailed overview of the various (techno-)legal ways through which law enables the flow of materials, capital, and power from Global South to Global North, and from small players to lead firms, the paper concludes with some preliminary thoughts on a transformative agenda for the transnational regulation of infocomputational production.
Enhancing aircraft engine remaining useful life prediction via multiscale deep transfer learning with limited data
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhang Zhiyao , Guo Peng , Wang Yi , Liang Junxin
Published: February 2024

Predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of the aircraft engine based on historical data plays a pivotal role in formulating maintenance strategies and mitigating the risk of critical failures. None the less, attaining precise RUL predictions often encounters challenges due to the scarcity of historical condition monitoring data. This paper introduces a multiscale deep transfer learning framework via integrating domain adaptation principles. The framework encompasses three integral components: a feature extraction module, an encoding module, and an RUL prediction module. During pre-training phase, the framework leverages a multiscale convolutional neural network to extract distinctive features from data across varying scales. The ensuing parameter transfer adopts a domain adaptation strategy centered around maximum mean discrepancy. This method efficiently facilitates the acquisition of domain-invariant features from the source and target domains. The refined domain adaptation Transformer-based multiscale convolutional neural network model exhibits enhanced suitability for predicting RUL in the target domain under the condition of limited samples. Experiments on the C-MAPSS dataset have shown that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Banking and debunking: applying Freirean Theory to the educational challenges of conspiracy culture
Authors: Cottrell-Boyce Aidan
Published: February 2024

The rise of conspiracy culture and the growing influence of conspiracy theories have attracted the attention of scholars from a range of fields. In recent years, Daniel Jolley, Asbjørn Dyrendal, and others have noted the prevalence of conspiracy theories amongst adolescent schoolchildren in Scandinavia and the UK. This article draws on Paulo Freire’s concept of the ‘banking model’ of education to make the case against a ‘debunking’ approach to anticonspiracist education. It argues that conspiracism should be understood as a feature of our culture and as such it should be interrogated rather than dismissed by educators who are engaged in the process of educating for democracy.
JWST lensed quasar dark matter survey – I. Description and first results
Authors: Nierenberg A M , Keeley R E , Sluse D , Gilman D , Birrer S , Treu T , Abazajian K N , Anguita T , Benson A J , Bennert V N , Djorgovski S G , Du X , Fassnacht C D , Hoenig S F , Kusenko A , Lemon C , Malkan M , Motta V , Moustakas L A , Stern D , Wechsler R H
Published: February 2024

The flux ratios of gravitationally lensed quasars provide a powerful probe of the nature of dark matter. Importantly, these ratios are sensitive to small-scale structure, irrespective of the presence of baryons. This sensitivity may allow us to study the halo mass function even below the scales where galaxies form observable stars. For accurate measurements, it is essential that the quasar’s light is emitted from a physical region of the quasar with an angular scale of milliarcseconds or larger; this minimizes microlensing effects by stars within the deflector. The warm dust region of quasars fits this criterion, as it has parsec-size physical scales and dominates the spectral energy distribution of quasars at wavelengths greater than 10 μm. The JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument is adept at detecting redshifted light in this wavelength range, offering both the spatial resolution and sensitivity required for accurate gravitational lensing flux ratio measurements. Here, we introduce our survey designed to measure the warm dust flux ratios of 31 lensed quasars. We discuss the flux-ratio measurement technique and present results for the first target, DES J0405-3308. We find that we can measure the quasar warm dust flux ratios with 3 per cent precision. Our simulations suggest that this precision makes it feasible to detect the presence of 107 M⊙ dark matter haloes at cosmological distances. Such haloes are expected to be completely dark in cold dark matter models.
Timescapes, subjectivity and emotions after the India–Tibet earthquake, 1950
Authors: Haines Daniel
Published: February 2024

Scholarship on historical temporality has explored what time meant to people in the past. Going further, how did historical actors’ perception of time shape their experience of events? Jean and Francis Kingdon-Ward, two British travellers, lived through a major earthquake on India and Tibet’s mountainous frontier in 1950. Their numerous published and unpublished narrative accounts showed that the earthquake severely disrupted their physical environment, inducing powerful emotions and changing their sense of the passage of time. Comparisons with other accounts by British and some Indian survivors of mid twentieth-century earthquakes in South Asia showed that others, too, felt that earthquakes disrupted their sense of linear, well-ordered time. This article develops Barbara Adam’s concept of timescapes to emphasize how a temporal subject-position is made up of feelings and thoughts. It draws on psychological research on the relationship between emotion and time-perception to reveal a temporal subjectivity that extended through and beyond a moment of extreme stress, and was closely connected to place. New insights are offered for scholarship on the histories of emotions, subjectivity and the environment, putting emotions more firmly into our understanding of historical time.
NGOs and Global Business Regulation of Transnational Alcohol and Ultra-Processed Food Industries
Authors: Ralston Rob , Townsend Belinda , Arnanz Liz , Baum Fran , Cullerton Katherine , Holmes Rodney , Martin Jane , Collin Jeff , Friel Sharon
Published: February 2024

The intensification of efforts by state and nonstate actors to address issues affecting global health has produced a patchwork of transnational regulatory governance. Within this field, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are expected to perform authoritative roles in holding business actors to account and enhance the democratic legitimacy of institutions via their participation in governance processes. While there exists a large body of conceptual and empirical research on global business regulation and private authority, we surprisingly know little about the governance functions of NGOs engaged in influencing the practices of corporations that produce health-harming commodities. This knowledge gap is especially pronounced in the issue area of noncommunicable diseases. This article begins to address this gap by mapping the networks of NGOs that engage in regulatory activities (rule-setting, monitoring, and enforcement) related to the (ultra)processed food and alcohol industries. We identify the networks of NGOs involved in global policy making across health, regulatory standards, and multistakeholder initiatives using nonstate actor submissions to consultations held by World Health Organization, UN Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), and the UN Global Compact. This paper examines NGO governance functions and their patterns of engagement and participation across institutional spheres. Overall, the article makes a twofold contribution to existing debates. First, we identify the governance functions through which NGOs attempt to hold corporations to account, contrasting their “watchdog” function with other governance functions. Second, we examine the representation of NGOs, highlighting asymmetries in participation of NGOs in the Global North and South.
A mode of convergence arising in diffusive relaxation
Authors: Alves Nuno J , Paulos João
Published: February 2024

In this work, a mode of convergence for measurable functions is introduced. A related notion of Cauchy sequence is given, and it is proved that this notion of convergence is complete in the sense that Cauchy sequences converge. Moreover, the preservation of convergence under composition is investigated. The origin of this mode of convergence lies in the path of proving that the density of a Euler system converges almost everywhere (up to subsequences) towards the density of a non-linear diffusion system, as a consequence of the convergence in the relaxation limit.
Cancer cell response to extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical cue: opportunities for tumor apoptosis strategies
Authors: Shu Jun , Deng Huan , Zhang Yu , Wu Fang , He Jing
Published: February 2024

Increasing studies have revealed the importance of mechanical cues in tumor progression, invasiveness and drug resistance. During malignant transformation, changes manifest in either the mechanical properties of the tissue or the cellular ability to sense and respond to mechanical signals. The major focus of the review is the subtle correlation between mechanical cues and apoptosis in tumor cells from a mechanobiology perspective. To begin, we focus on the intracellular force, examining the mechanical properties of the cell interior, and outlining the role that the cytoskeleton and intracellular organelle-mediated intracellular forces play in tumor cell apoptosis. This article also elucidates the mechanisms by which extracellular forces guide tumor cell mechanosensing, ultimately triggering the activation of the mechanotransduction pathway and impacting tumor cell apoptosis. Finally, a comprehensive examination of the present status of the design and development of anti-cancer materials targeting mechanotransduction is presented, emphasizing the underlying design principles. Furthermore, the article underscores the need to address several unresolved inquiries to enhance our comprehension of cancer therapeutics that target mechanotransduction.
Exposure of Neighborhood Racial and Socio-Economic Composition in Activity Space: A New Approach Adjusting for Residential Conditions
Authors: Cai Liang , Browning Christopher R , Cagney Kathleen A
Published: February 2024

A longstanding urban sociological literature emphasizes the geographic isolation of city dwellers in residence and everyday routines, expecting exposures to neighborhood racial and socio-economic structure driven principally by city-wide segregation and the role of proximity and homophily in mobility. The compelled mobility approach emphasizes the uneven distribution of organizational and institutional resources across urban space, expecting residents of poor Black-segregated neighborhoods to exhibit non-trivial levels of everyday exposure to White, non-poor areas for resource seeking. We use two sets of location data in the hypersegregated Chicago metro to examine these two approaches: Global Positioning System (GPS) location tracking on a sample of older adults from the Chicago Health and Activity Space in Real-Time (CHART) study and travel diaries on a sample of younger adults by the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP). We introduce a novel and flexible individual-level method for assessing activity space exposures that accounts for the spatially proximate environment around home. Analyses reveal that activity space contexts mimic the racial/ethnic and socio-economic landscape of respondents’ broad residential environment. However, after residential-based adjustment, Black younger (CMAP) adults from poor Black neighborhoods are disproportionately exposed to Whiter, less Black but less non-poor neighborhoods. Older (CHART) adult activity spaces align more closely with their residential areas; however, activity spaces of poor-Black-neighborhood-residing CHART Blacks are systematically poorer and, less consistently, more Black and less White after local area adjustment. Implications for understanding contextual exposures on well-being and the potential for age or cohort differences in isolation are discussed.
Cryptic diversity in toads of the Rhinella marina species group (Anura, Bufonidae) with a subjectively beautiful new species from Western Ecuador
Authors: Menéndez-Guerrero Pablo A , Lima dos Santos Sueny P , Salazar-Nicholls María-José , Green David M , Ron Santiago R
Published: February 2024

The mainly Mesoamerican cane toad, Rhinella horribilis, is the northernmost species in the Rhinella marina species group of giant or cane toads, occupying an extensive range west of the Andean Cordillera from Ecuador north to southern Texas. However, a thorough assessment of geographic variation among R. horribilis populations, and of the phylogenetic relationships of the R. marina species complex, indicates previously unsuspected diversity within this species as currently recognized. Specifically, we evaluated whether toad populations from western Ecuador represent an evolutionary lineage distinct from the rest of R. horribilis based on extensive specimen collections and the combined evidence of mtDNA sequence variation, morphological, bioacoustics, and environmental information. Our results revealed that populations west of the Ecuadorian Andes constitute a well-supported, monophyletic clade that is distinctly different genetically, morphologically, acoustically, and ecologically from a sister taxon composed of R. horribilis populations from Central America and from populations ascribable to R. marina s.s. from the Amazon Basin of Ecuador and other countries. The weight of evidence confirms a new species (R. bellasp. nov.), described here, adding to our understanding of biogeographic relationships in this widespread clade of Neotropical toads. The new species name means ‘beautiful’ in Latin, in contrast to its sister species, ‘horribilis’. In addition, we designate a lectotype for Bufo marinus var. fluminensis to avoid ambiguity in the applicability of that name.
Identification and Fungicide Sensitivity of Fusarium spp. Associated with Root Rot of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Wang Chunwei , Hao Dainan , Jiao Wenhui , Li Jiangbo , Yuan Jiaqi , Ma Yurong , Wang Xiaomin , Xu Ailing , Wang Meiqin , Wang Yan
Published: February 2024

Fusarium root rot is usually classified as an extremely destructive soilborne disease. From 2020 to 2021, Fusarium root rot was observed in production areas and seriously affected the yield and quality of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics and combined analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequences, 68 Fusarium isolates obtained in this work were identified as F. oxysporum (52.94%), F. acuminatum (20.59%), F. solani (16.17%), F. proliferatum (5.88%), F. incarnatum (2.94%), and F. brachygibbosum (1.47%). In the pathogenicity tests, all Fusarium isolates could infect S. baicalensis roots, presenting different pathogenic ability. Among these isolates, F. oxysporum was found to have the highest virulence on S. baicalensis roots, followed by F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. brachygibbosum, and F. incarnatum. According to fungicide sensitivity tests, Fusarium isolates were more sensitive to fludioxonil and difenoconazole, followed by carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, and hymexazol. In brief, this is the first report of Fusarium species ( F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum, and F. brachygibbosum) as causal agents of root rot of S. baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. The fungicide sensitivity results will be helpful for formulating management strategies of S. baicalensis root rot.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Brief Training for Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses on the Prevention of Medical Device-Related Nasal Pressure Injury
Authors: Ergün Kübra , Aktaş Eda
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief training in medical device-related pressure injury (MDRPI) prevention for neonatal intensive care nurses.

METHODS

This single-group, pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted between April and October 2021 with 81 nurses working in the neonatal ICU of a city hospital. The participants completed a training program consisting of two 40-minute sessions that used a small-group problem-based learning approach developed in accordance with evidence-based research. Data were collected using a neonatal nurse information form, knowledge of MDRPI in preterm infants form, and training evaluation form, all of which were prepared for this study based on the literature. Data collection was performed before the training and repeated at 1 week and 1 month after the training. Data analysis was performed using the Number Cruncher Statistical System. Descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used.

RESULTS

The participants’ mean score on the knowledge of MDRPI in premature infants form was 82.44 ± 7.26 before training and increased significantly to 94.57 ± 5.03 at 1 week and 94.67 ± 3.11 at 1 month after training (P = .001 and P = .001, respectively). No significant relationship was detected between the participants’ descriptive characteristics and their knowledge scores before or after the training (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Brief training on the prevention of nasal pressure injury caused by noninvasive ventilation increased nurses’ knowledge level.
Urinary tract infections in pediatric orthopedic surgical patients: a Single Institution National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Study
Authors: Brar Ravinder K. , Weiser Lucas , Copp Hillary L. , Livingston Kristin S.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Perioperative urinary tract infections (UTIs) are poorly studied among pediatric orthopedic surgical patients. We evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for UTI in a large volume of pediatric orthopedic surgical patients.

Methods

Children <18 who underwent orthopedic surgery between March 2015 and December 2018 were analyzed using our institution’s National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data. Demographic, perioperative and outcome data of patients who developed a UTI within 30 days of surgery were compared to patients without UTI.

Results

NSQIP data were available for 520 surgeries (324 girls and 196 boys). Median age at surgery was 13.5 years. A Foley was placed in 301/520 cases (88/196 boys and 213/324 girls) in 264 children. Six cases of UTI occurred within 30 days of surgery (1.2% of surgeries). The UTI rate among patients with a Foley was 2.3%, and among girls with a Foley was 2.8%. No UTIs occurred without a Foley, nor any in boys. All six occurred in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Class 2 females, ages 7–15 undergoing elective surgery with Foley for over 48 h. Factors associated with an increased odds of developing UTI included: higher BMI [OR, 1.12 (CI, 1.01–1.22; P = 0.03)], developmental delay [OR, 7.82 (CI, 1.40–43.7; P = 0.02)], structural central nervous system abnormality [OR, 17.5 (CI, 3.89–90.4; P = 0.01)], longer duration with Foley [OR, 1.68 (CI, 1.22–2.32; P = 0.002)] and hospital readmission within 30 days [OR 14.2 (CI, 2.32–87.3; P = 0.004)].

Conclusion

Risk of UTI is low after pediatric orthopedic surgery. Girls with comorbidities including structural central nervous system abnormality, developmental delay and higher BMI with prolonged Foley catheterization may have higher postoperative UTI risk. Level of Evidence: II.