bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magneto-volume effect in Fe
n
Ti13–n
clusters during thermal expansion
Authors: Huang Jian , Jiang Yanyan , Li Zhichao , Zhang Di , Qian Junping , Li Hui
Published: December 2022

Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations have been carried out to search for the ground state structure of Fe
n
Ti13–n
clusters and measure the thermal expansion of Fe
n
Ti13–n
. The volume of Fe
n
Ti13–n
clusters during thermal expansion is jointly determined by anharmonic interaction and magneto-volume effect. It has been found that Fe6Ti7, Fe9Ti4, Fe11Ti2, and Fe13 clusters can exhibit the remarkable magneto-volume effect with abnormal volume behaviors and magnetic moment behaviors during thermal expansion. A prerequisite for the magneto-volume effect of Fe
n
Ti13–n
clusters during thermal expansion has been revealed and the magnitude of the magneto-volume is also approximately determined. Furthermore, the magneto-volume behaviors of Fe
n
Ti13–n
clusters are qualitatively characterized by the energy contour map. Our results shed light on the mechanism of the magneto-volume effect in Fe
n
Ti13–n
clusters during thermal expansion, which can guide the design of nanomaterials with zero expansion or even controllable expansion properties.
Model validation of carbon-fiber and glass-fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators using finite element method
Authors: Rofiq H I , Tavio  , Iranata D
Published: December 2022

Fiber Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (FREI) is a base isolation innovation for low-rise buildings suitable for developing countries with high earthquake intensity, for instance, Indonesia. The extension of the basic natural fundamental period by FREI will result into a reduction in floor acceleration when an earthquake occurs, thereby it will be reducing the inter-story drift movement in the superstructure. The FREI mass structure is lighter for low-rise buildings due its components consist of a layer of rubbers and a sheet of fibers. This study investigated numerically the use of fiber materials (glass and carbon fibers) for FREI reinforcement using ABAQUS program. The analysis results were evaluated based on mechanical characterization, including vertical and horizontal stiffness, effective horizontal stiffness, and damping ratio. The mechanical characterization in numeric research will be compared with experimental research as a research validation to ensure the input material variables are reliable and valid. Based on the analysis of numeric research results, CFREI and GFREI indicated that hysteresis curves and mechanical characterization were quite close to experimental research. Calculation of mechanical characterization in CFREI and GFREI refers to the regulations of BS_EN_1337:2005 and BS_EN_15129:2009. A deviation of mechanical characterization on numeric research of both specimens against the experimental research, including effective horizontal stiffness and damping ratio, indicated a fairly small deviation with less than 10%. The deviation between the maximum effective horizontal stiffness in CFREI and GFREI was 4.733% and 0.672% respectively, meanwhile the maximum damping ratio in CFREI and GFREI indicated the larger deviation that was 0.812% and 8.679% individually.
A review on the potency of Dioscorea hispida Dennst as a source of prebiotic for kampung super chicken
Authors: Putra D A , Rosyad F S , Prihatin S , Bramastya T A , Al Rahman Z S , Cahyadi M
Published: December 2022

Kampung Super chicken as meat type chicken is an animal protein resource whose demand increases every year. The taste of Kampung Super chicken meat is much more delicious and preferred by consumers. However, some disadvantage traits such as low productivity, not uniform performances, and cannibalism are still found in Kampung Super chicken population. Therefore, to improve the performance of Kampung Super chicken, utilization of prebiotic from a potential natural source such as Dioscorea hispida Dennst should be studied. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate prebiotic contained in Dioscorea hispida Dennst and its potency in improving the performances of meat type chicken. This review was divided into four main discussions i.e., characteristics of Kampung Super chicken as white meat producer, prebiotic profile contained in Dioscorea hispida Dennst, the role of prebiotics in the chicken digestive tract, and inulin as prebiotics in increasing productivity of chicken. Based on the results discussed in this review, it could be assumed that inulin content in Dioscorea hispida Dennst might be a promising prebiotic for poultry feed and might improve the performances of meat type chicken.
Improving the visual impressions of wood-based craft products through two-dimensional engraving of patterns
Authors: Nugraha H , Leksono F B , Angelina D
Published: December 2022

Small enterprises in product craft bases are considered to be more resilient in facing the challenges of the current pandemic condition, despite a decline in income during the pandemic’s peak. Craft products are one of the sub-sectors of the creative economy that has a contributor to Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Competition occurs between the producers of these crafts products where the makers present products that show aesthetic value and elements of the product’s function. Craft products always put forward a stunning visual appearance so that the product is in demand and purchased by consumers. To struggle with the increasingly fierce competition, the quality of visual impressions that are continuously generated must be established. This research focuses on attempts to improve the visual appearance that has the impact of presenting the aesthetics of craft products by using a two-dimensional engraving approach. The engravings are processed using a sandblasting technique. The study process used a pre-experimental design approach, and the results of the improving visual impressions were evaluated using a questionnaire step which was analyzed using factor analysis. The study results show a positive response to changes in visual perceptions, indicating an increased aesthetic perception that is better than the previous craft products. The final study shows that applying two-dimensional engraving patterns on craft products effectively improves visual and aesthetic impressions.
Optical characteristics of fermented cocoa pod husk based on Nears Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and evaluation of its quality as animal feed materials
Authors: Samadi  , Nasution R W , Wajizah S , Zulfahrizal Z , Munawar A A
Published: December 2022

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRs) is one of the alternative methods to determine chemical characteristic of the animal feed due to its several benefits. The purpose of this study was to determine optical characteristics and the quality of fermented cacao pod husk as animal feed by NIRs method. Totally eighteen samples of fermented cocoa pod husk were analyzed by wet analysis consisting of as dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, crude ash, and nitrogen-free extract material. Spectrum acquisition was carried out using a Thermo Nicolet Antaris II tool. Chemical analysis is intended to compare the data from chemical analysis and the NIRS method. Spectrum data were processed using partial least squares (PLS) with multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and de-Trending (DT) pre-treatment methods. The results of the study indicated that the NIRS was good prediction for dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat with the model of MSC pre-treatment. The crude ash parameter is only able to predict well on the MSC pre-treatment method with evaluation values. In conclusion, NIRS can be applied to determine animal nutritive values by means of using partial least squares (PLS), principal component regression (PCR) and other regression approaches.
A Novel Method for Removal of Iron Ion Contamination in Patchouli Essential Oil
Authors: Luthfiah D A , Machdar I , Zakiah F , Arpa S A , Usman H
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, in the aromatic and cosmetics industries, as well as an additive for food flavoring, patchouli essential oil (PEO) is a significantly crucial raw material. This oil is extracted from Pogostemon cablin, a plant from the Lamiaceae family. The standard method to obtain this oil is steam distillation. However, applying this method, the oil has a relatively high iron content. A contaminated iron ion can arise in the PEO for some reasons, i.e., the distillation practice used in a non-stainless steel tank, the PEO stored in an iron drum, or even the water for steam production was not appropriately treated. Activated carbon adsorbents can be used to remove contaminants from liquids or gasses by adsorbing ions, complexes, and molecules from aqueous solutions. Although fine adsorbent particles offer advantages in terms of adsorption capacity and kinetics, the application of the adsorbent to remove iron ions contaminated in PEO is not simple work. It is because a problem with these particles is widely dispersed in the oil and challenging to recover and contaminates the final product of PEO. This study developed a novel method to remove iron ions contaminated in a PEO using a modified activated carbon, i.e., magnetic activated carbon (MAC). For practical applications, using MAC material will reduce operating costs and solve the problems related to the quality of the end product, i.e., contamination by the adsorbent. The result shows that the MAC material improved the quality of PEO by reducing iron ion concentration in the oil from the initial concentration of 194 mg/L to around 87 mg/L. As expected, the adsorbent allows rapid removal from the PEO by using a magnetic source. Based on this study, MAC material enables the reduction of iron ion contamination in PEO and produces a free-adsorbent in the final product.
Application of chemometric combination NIRS technology for analysis of mixed coconut oil levels in Aceh Patchouli Oil
Authors: Munandar Aris , Mulyati Sri , Hasanuddin  , Zulfahrizal
Published: December 2022

Patchouli oil could be a sort of fundamental oil that’s delivered from the refining of the leaves, twigs, and stems of the patchouli plant. One of the problems that occur in determining the quality of patchouli oil is mixing with other oils, such as coconut oil, causing the quality of patchouli oil to be low and the selling price to be cheap. The reason of this inquire about is to construct a show for evaluating the levels of coconut oil mixed in Aceh patchouli oil using the chemometric method. This research uses patchouli oil (crude oil) and coconut oil. The NIRS tool used for spectrum acquisition is the FT-IR IPTEK T-1516. NIRS technology is combined with chemometric methods with two multivariate analyses, namely the PCR and PLS models. The comes about appeared that the PLS calibration show was superior than the PCR calibration model. The RPD value in the non pretreatment PLS calibration model was 3.96 and increased with the presence of SNV pretreatment to 4.78 so that it was included in the category of very good prediction model accuracy. While the PCR calibration model included in the prediction category is still rough, both non-pretreatment and with SNV pretreatment, which are 1.45 and 1.50, respectively.
Drying kinetics, modelling and total flavonoid content of Phyllanthus niruri L. under different drying temperature
Authors: Agusta W , Maisaroh  , Hermansyah H D , Anggraeni D , Astuti  , Harianto  , Purwanto W , Manalu L P
Published: December 2022

Phyllanthus niruri L. drying kinetics were empirically examined at the temperature of 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, 55 °C, and 60 °C in an air-drying oven. The herbs’ aerial components (stems, leaves, and flowers) were picked after 9-10 weeks of planting. The drying procedure ended when the sample weights remained unchanged. The drying time varied from 7 to 20.5 hours. CurveExpert Professional was utilized to establish the optimal modeling fit. According to the statistical analysis, notably for the root mean square error (RMSE), determination coefficient (R2
), and residual chi-square (χ2
), Midilli-Kucuk has deemed the optimal function for characterizing the kinetics of P. niruri drying. The effective diffusivity and drying activation energy of P. niruri were reported to be 4.050x10-9 m2/s – 1.620x10-8 m2/s and 55.23 kJ/mol, respectively. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was also employed to analyze the effects of the temperature on flavonoid content. The measurement showed that the flavonoid content from all dried herbs varied from 1.18-1.69 %, which already meets the Farmakope Herbal Indonesia’s standard. The highest flavonoid content was found at the lowest drying temperature.
Reliable classification of nutmeg fruits from some geographical origins using SWNIR spectroscopy associated with PLS-DA and SVM methods: Case Study in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Devianti  , Sufardi  , Yusmanizar
Published: December 2022

Essential oils of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) can have different qualities due to the soil and industrial process, as Indonesia’s main nutmeg production areas are enormous, especially in Aceh province. The lack of information on detecting chemical constituents and classifying nutmeg from Aceh province makes the price of nutmeg from Aceh unable to compete. Therefore, this study aims to reliably classify nutmeg fruits of some geographical origins in Aceh Province using shortwave near-infrared (SWNIR) spectroscopy associated with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM). The SWNIR used in this study has a wavelength of 381 to 1065 nm at a resolution of 3 nm and a diffuse reflectance mode. The fruit comes from four geographical areas of origin in the province of Aceh. A total of forty SWNIR spectral data were further classified using two algorithms, namely PLS-DA and SVM. The results show that SWNIR can correctly classify nutmeg from some sub-districts in Aceh province with the help of the PLS-DA and SVM algorithms. From this study, the following SVM algorithm is recommended to be used to classify nutmeg from the province of Aceh with an outstanding level of precision.
Workload Analysis during Operation Coconut Coir Peeler Operation
Authors: Idkham M , Dhafir M , Safrizal  , Aulia M R
Published: December 2022

Almost all Acehnese still rely on the sundak (pointed blade) or machete to peel the coconut skin. The use of sundak has a high work risk even though the workload is relatively light. The sharp tip of the sundak can injure the operator when peeling the coconut skin. Therefore, the coconut skin peeler is designed with different types, namely the crank type, tipping type, and scissors type. The operator’s workload analysis is carried out to be useful for developing the design of the coconut peeler so that it is hoped that the tool and method of peeling coconut skin is safer, greater cushty and greater effective. A workload analysis was performed by calculating the heart rate of three operators operating a coconut peeler. The workloads analyzed are qualitative and quantitative workloads. The results of the workload analysis show that the use of sundak is still classified as light work with an average IRHR of 1.15 and the required energy consumption of 2.62 kcal/kg.hour. Meanwhile, scissors type tools are also classified as light work with an average IRHR value of 1.25 with an energy consumption rate of 2.93 kcal/kg.hour. The use of crank type tools is still classified as light work with an average IRHR of 1.23 and an energy consumption rate of 2.84 kcal/kg.hour. The use of a tipping tool is middle class workload where the average IRHR is 1.28 and the power consumption rate is 3.09 kcal/kg.hour. For the use of a machete, it is classified as a job with a moderate workload where the average IRHR value is 1.29 with the required energy consumption rate of 3.25 kcal/kg.hour. The high workload of the operator is influenced by the habit of the operator in operating a tool.
The system dynamics modeling of tenant rice farmer in Aceh Besar regency
Authors: Hakim L , Monalisa  , Juliaviani N , Faradilla C
Published: December 2022

This research was conducted in a rice production center in Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, with the aims to model the behavior of tenant rice farmer, which can be used as a basis for policy making to improve the food security of farming family. The profession of tenant rice farmer is an interesting phenomenon to be studied related to its important role in meeting the community’s basic food needs and achieving rice self-sufficiency. Its very dynamic behavior and very complex problems are approached with a system dynamics method that is able to accommodate the complexity of the problem. The feedback structure in the system is used as the basis for understanding the behavior of the system. The results of the research based on the representation of the tenant rice farmer model through a positive causal loop diagram on the household cash of tenant rice farmer and a negative causal loop diagram on the tenant rice farmer household revenue model, revealed that the bitterness of the tenant rice farmer’s life stems from the absence of cash for capital. Farming is done by borrowing money that has accumulated into debt. Sustainability of farming and household life depends on cash liquidity. Limited cash liquidity causes farmer to lose the opportunity to obtain the highest grain prices and increase the added value of products.
Development of morphological marker on natural interspecific hybrid seedling of Acacia (Acacia mangium × Acacia auriculiformis) verified by molecular marker
Authors: Sunarti S , Nirsatmanto A , Putri A I , Kartikawati N K , Rimbawanto A , Haryjanto L , Herawan T , Wahyuningtyas R S , Santoso P B , Lestari F , Suharyanto  , Herdyantara B
Published: December 2022

Development of the hybridization between two different species of Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis in Indonesia started in 2009 by establishing an open-pollinated orchard to produce the natural Acacia hybrid seed in Wonogiri District, Central Java Province. The design of the orchard was an alternate row between A. mangium and A. auriculiformis with a spacing of 5 × 5 meters. The orchard produced putative Acacia hybrid seeds firstly in 2013. Based on flowering synchronization between the two species, seeds from 38 sample trees of A. mangium were taken to identify their character seedling morphology to obtain the Acacia putative hybrid. The seedling morphological characteristics observed were leaf development patterns from the emergence of a true leaf (pinnate) until the pseudo leaf (phyllode) emerged. Acacia putative hybrid was then verified using a Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker and Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) to obtain the hybrid of A. mangium × A. auriculiformis. The result showed that the presence of 4-pinnate on the seedling development pattern was verified as 100% pure species of A. mangium and the opposite was 100% hybrid. In comparison, the presence of a true leaf of phyllode + 4-pinnate was verified as a 40% hybrid. The final estimation of Acacia hybrid seed production at the hybrid seed orchard on the first flowering was about 3.1% approximately based on the seedling leaf development pattern.
Differences in morphometric characterization of female BSA hybrid chickens fed on wet fermented diet containing a combination of maggot flour (Hermetia illucens) and active digestive enzymes in ration
Authors: Aman Yaman M. , Ananda Rangkuti Farhan , Daud M. , Zulfan
Published: December 2022

The present study was aimed to examine the effect of feeding fermented diet containing a combination of maggot flour and active digestive enzymes in the ration on feed consumption, weight gain and exterior appearance or morphometric parameters of female BSA hybrid chickens (BSA-HC). The present study was carried out at Field Laboratory of Animal Sciences, Department of Animal Science, University of Syiah Kuala-Banda Aceh for 90 days, starting from December 1, 2021 to March 1, 2022. The study used a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments which were: P0 (control: chicken fed on commercial diet), P1 (chicken fed on a wet fermented diet, 9% maggot flour and 0.5% enzyme), P2 (chicken fed on a wet fermented diet, 12% maggot flour and 1 % enzyme), and P3 (chicken fed on a wet fermented diet without maggot flour and without digestive enzymes). Each treatment was repeated 4 times and total number of chickens used in the study was 80 female hybrid chickens. The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and it was continued with Duncan’s Multiple Test by SPSS program. The results showed that difference in a combination of maggot flour and active digestive enzymes percentage in wet fermented diet had an effect on the increased in morphometric parameters such us: thigh circumference, height, and head width of chicken until 9 weeks of chicken age. However, feeding of wet fermented diet containing maggot flour and digestive enzymes resulted the same effect on morphometric parameters as commercial diet on BSA-HC hens resulted a high efficiency feed. It was presumably due to the nutritional value contained in wet fermented diet was absorbed by part of chicken body which was supported by the development of body and digestive organs. Although a combination of maggot flour and active digestive enzymes percentage in wet fermented diet does not significantly affect the morphometric parameters, the nutritional content such as protein and energy contained in the feed increased the process of performance and growth process of female hybrid chicken which was comparable to commercial diet.
Chicken eggshells as a soil amendment and their relationship with the morphological response of mustard plants (Brassica juncea, L.)
Authors: Muyassir Muyassir , Helmi Helmi , Ilyas Ilyas , Khalil Munawar , Zakaria Sabaruddin
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to obtain objective information about the dosage of the use of chicken egg shells as a soil reformer in the sustainable cultivation of mustard plants. The research has been carried out at the Coronary Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University from August to September 2021. The study used polybags in the form of experiments with a completely randomized design. The treatment tried was in the form of various doses of chicken eggshell flour (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g / stem), and the morphological response of mustard plants were measured in the form of; plant height; the number of leaves per plant; fresh weight; and the dry weight of the plant. To test the effect of treatment on the response variables of mustard plants using the ANOVA statistical test procedure, while to test the difference in the average value of plant responses using the Tukey HSD test at α 0.05. Mustard plants showed a positive morphological response to the administration of chicken shell flour as seen from plant height, the number of leaves and wet weight, and dry weight. Chicken eggshell flour as a soil enhancer contains macro and micro nutrients to increase the growth and yield of mustard rice fields. The use of chicken eggshell flour of 5 g / stem provides the best morphological response for mustard plants.
Chemical Characteristics of Dryland Soils from Aceh Besar Regency As A Fertilizer Design Reference
Authors: Mustaqimah  , Devianti  , Munawar AA , Ferijal  , Sufardi
Published: December 2022

Although the potential for dry agricultural land in Aceh Besar Regency is very wide, but the development of existing food crops is still low. There is a few information about the quality of soil chemical content in dry agricultural land effect to the development of crop productions. This study aims to provide information on the characteristics of soil chemical elements, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on agricultural lands in Aceh Besar regency in the form of a map. This study was conducted using the analysis of variant tests method and spatial analysis. It covered some types of data, namely: Aceh Besar maps, administration data, soil type, topography and land use map that have been collected into a mapping of land use unit. The first stage in this study was collection of soil samples at predetermined location points with a depth of 0 to 30 cm and 30 to 60 cm. After the soil samples were obtained, analysis of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium elements in the soil chemical laboratory was carried out. The classification and factors found in soil chemistry analysis affected the content of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the soil. Analysis of variant tests showed that the type of soil did not have any influence on the content of Phosphorus and Potassium elements. While the sampling depth of 0 to 30 cm masked the impact on Nitrogen elements. On the other hand, land use only affected Phosphorus elements. Soil’s chemicals content had different levels. In this case, the value of Nitrogen content spread across 12 sampling points locations. as much as 91% of the available Nitrogen content is very low, while 50% of the available Phosphorous content is very low, then 8.3% of the available Potassium content were very low, and 25% of the available Potassium content were low. The mapping of soil chemical elements classification can provide information on the content of soil chemistry Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium available in Aceh Besar Regency.
Physicochemical Changes of Grobogan Variety Soybean (Glycine max) during Pilot Plant Scale Steam Flash Explosion – A Reaction Kinetics Approach
Authors: Kahfi J , Laily N , Palupi NS , Hariyadi P
Published: December 2022

A pilot plant scale of SFE (steam flash explosion) chamber has been developed in order to process raw grobogan soybean. The objectives of this research were to study the physicochemical changes of soybean in term of reaction kinetics approach and to determine the optimal variables to produce high quality soybean. We used 2.5 kg and 5 kg of soybean, representing 75% and 50%, respectively, of headspace volume of SFE chamber. After soaking in the water, these soybeans were then treated using SFE chamber operated at temperature of 115 °C (P=1 bar), 125 °C (P=2 bar), and 135 °C (P=3 bar) and time interval of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes, after which the steam was suddenly released from the chamber to provide explosion effect. The treated soybean samples were then analyzed for hardness, color characteristics, urease index (UI), protein dispersibility index (PDI), and protein solubility index (PSI). The result showed that the decrease of hardness and b-value (yellowness) of soybean during processing can be explained by 1st order kinetic model. As for hardness, SFE gave kT=115°C=0.0344 minutes-1, kT=125°C=0.0495 minutes-1, kT=135°C=0.0864 minutes-1, and Ea=60.350 Kj.mol-1 (for 2.5 kg capacity); and kT=115°C=0.0314 minutes-1, kT=125°C=0.0442 minutes-1, and kT=135°C=0.0858 minutes-1, and Ea=66.009 Kj.mol-1 (for 5 kg capacity). As for b-value, SFE gave kT=115°C=0.0225 minutes-1, kT=125°C=0.0378 minutes-1, kT=135°C=0.0558 minutes-1, and Ea=59.873 Kj.mol-1 (for 2.5 kg capacity); and kT=115°C=0.0258 minutes-1, kT=125°C=0.0393 minutes-1, kT=135°C=0.0553 minutes-1, and Ea=64.544 Kj.mol-1 (for 5 kg capacity). The Ea
for 5 kg capacity is higher than Ea
for 2.5 kg capacity. This research found no appropriate reaction kinetics model for urease index, PSI, dan PDI. Soybean treated under 115 °C (1 bar) within 5 minutes for both capacities satisfy the processed soybean quality requiement.
Medicinal Plant Extraction of Zingiber Officinale Rhizome using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Characterization of the Product
Authors: Nasori A S , Wiguna B , Sulaswaty A , Atmaji P , Mardliyati E , Purwanto W , Susetyo I B , Kahfi J , Rachman D , Sativa R G , Muhamaludin  , Mufti A , Ni’Maturohmah D , Bachtiar A , Harini S
Published: December 2022

Ginger oleoresin is a valuable product with functional health benefits. Oleoresin has components in the form of volatile and non-volatile substances that are very easy to decompose. One of the essential components and easy-to-decompose compound is gingerol, which has improved functionality and is effective in enhancing immunity in herds of bodies. Oleoresin is a ginger rhizome extraction product full of active ingredients that may be utilized as medicines. Ginger oleoresin extract has a pale yellow, oily fat, and a unique and spicy odor. Gingerol is one of the compounds in ginger oleoresin that is easily decomposed into another substance. Gingerol (C17H26O4) is an easy compound to decompose into Shogaols (C17H24O3). Both of these compounds, whether gingerol or shogaol, have health benefits in the body, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-cancer. The aim of the research is an initial study on the preparation of oleoresin extract with ethanol solvent using the Response Surface Method (RSM) with a three-factor experimental and two responses (yield and [6]-gingerol content). A maximum oleoresin extract yield of 7.44 % and [6]-gingerol content of 11.71% was obtained from the experimental design. The extraction of zingiber rhizomes powder was processed under the best condition at a solvent ratio (S/L) of 6.577, a temperature of 58.87°C, and the extraction process lasted 182 minutes.
Drying Kinetics and Modelling of Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume)
Authors: Maisaroh  , Astuti  , Anggraeini D , Prasetyani L N , Hermansyah H D , Agusta W , Manalu L P , Purwanto W
Published: December 2022

Keladi Tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume) has many health benefits as an anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic. Its leaf and tuber can be dried and used as simplicia. This study was performed to discover the drying kinetics and modelling for Keladi Tikus, especially its leaves and tuber parts. Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was implied as the experiment design in this study. Three temperature variables (40, 50, and 60°C) and a dehydrated oven were employed in the drying procedure. The rates of drying of Keladi Tikus simplicia were observed, and the results are shown as the decreasing drying rate curve, i.e. drying time gets faster with increasing drying temperature. Drying models are obtained by plotting moisture ratio to drying time. The dried tuber can reach a water content below 10% at all temperature drying variations. Meanwhile, drying leaves using temperatures below 50C cannot reduce the water content to reach less than 10%. The mathematical models for the drying process were generated and their accuracies were judged by implying the statistical parameters Standard Error (SE) and determination coefficient (R2). The best model was chosen based on a comparison of six models. Page’s model is the best model for all drying temperatures of tuber, while the Two-term’s model is best for leaves drying. The results from this study provide suitable mathematical models to predict the optimal temperature and drying time for Simplicia of Keladi Tikus tuber and leaves.
Monitoring and performance of stem stalk water hyacinth drying using modified greenhouse dryer
Authors: Nasution I S , Satriyo P , Raaini  , Moulida S
Published: December 2022

The development of modified greenhouse dryer is the latest drying technology today. The development of dryers with digitalization technology is a necessity in order to increase production efficiency at the farmer/craftsman level. The process of monitoring in the drying room was developed by utilizing data acquisition system technology. Whereas data on temperature, humidity, solar radiation, moisture content were plotted during the drying process. The objective of this study was to monitor the performance of the modified greenhouse dryer of stem stalk water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) based on the Arduino nano microcontroller. The method was divided into three parts: hardware design, programming algorithm development, and dryer performance monitoring. The output of this study is expected to be an alternative method for monitoring of the greenhouse dryer on industrial scale. The results of this study could be an alternative dryer for other agricultural products, the method for monitoring of the dryer in real time will be an important information guiding the farmer during the drying process.
Hydrothermal pretreatment optimization of hemicellulose dissolution of sugar palm starch industrial waste
Authors: Hakim H.M.A. , Supartono W. , Ainuri M. , Karyadi J.N.W.
Published: December 2022

Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable source containing three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The three main components can be processed into products that have high added value. Sources of lignocellulosic biomass includes wood, grass, industrial waste, and agricultural residu. Compared to other source, industrial wastes have a higher potential to be utilized without competition for other needs and assist industry in waste treatment. The production of sugar palm starch generate biomass waste which is disposed into the environment which disturbs the surrounding community and is not utilized. To utilize lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment is a very important step. Hydrothermal is an environmentally friendly pretreatment, without using harmful chemicals in the process. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of solubility of hemicellulose in the hydrothermal pretreatment process of sugar palm starch industrial waste. The hydrothermal method used is liquid hot water with temperature and time parameters, optimization analysis using response surface methodology (RSM). The result obtained is that the liquid hot water pretreatment method is effective in dissolving the hemicellulose from the sugar palm starch industrial waste. The relationship between variables on hemiselulosa response is modeled Y = 7.7-3.04 X1 – 5.67X2 + 0.4250 X1X2 + 1.06 X1
2 + 3.61 X2
2. The optimization results showed the optimum temperature at 195.91°C for 36.725 minutes, with a hemicellulose dissolution of 81.59% and the level of desirability is 0.852.
Solid–Liquid Separation of Dairy Barn by Electrocoagulation with Cationic Polymer Coagulant
Authors: Takahashi Toshinori , Arachchige Omila Kasun Meetiyagoda Thenuwara , Bakare Rasheed , Fobang Enjeh , Takeda Ken , Fujino Takeshi
Published: December 2022

High–molecular-weight polymer coagulants are widely used in wastewater treatment combined with traditional inorganic coagulants to improve the solid–liquid separation efficiency. However, it is desirable to keep chemicals used in treatments at minimum levels for economic and safety reasons. This study aimed to increase the efficiency of two-stage electro- and chemical-coagulation treatment with a minimum chemical dosage for the separation of solids and liquid in dairy manure slurry for the safe composting of solids and safe discharge of wastewater. Accordingly, dairy manure slurry was treated with aluminum (Al) coagulants, such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), PAC combined with the cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and PAC and CPAM combined with electrocoagulation (EC). Results revealed that PAC was the best among the Al coagulants evaluated for the reduction in turbidity in the liquid fraction at a dosage of 100 mg/L. PAC dosage was reduced to 40 mg/L when the treatments were combined with CPAM at a dosage of 40 mg/L, which was further reduced to 30 mg/L when treatments were combined with 5 min EC and 20 mg/L of CPAM dosage.
Use of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists according to the 2019 ESC guidelines and the 2019 ADA/EASD consensus report in a national population of patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lim Carl-Emil , Pasternak Björn , Eliasson Björn , Danaei Goodarz , Ueda Peter
Published: December 2022

Aims

To assess treatment eligibility for, and received treatment with, sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists according to the 2019 the American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) consensus report and the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines in a nationwide sample of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods and results

Both sets of guidelines included the treatment indications of heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease while only the 2019 ESC guidelines also recommended treatment based on high or very high cardiovascular risk. The analyses included 435 000 patients with type 2 diabetes identified from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (2020–21). According to the 2019 ESC guidelines, 79.5% were recommended any of the two drugs (SGLT2 inhibitors: 37.2%; SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists: 40.9%; GLP-1 receptor agonists: 1.4%). According to the 2019 ADA/EASD consensus report, 48.8% were recommended any of the two drugs (SGLT2 inhibitors: 37.2%; GLP-1 receptor agonists: 11.6%). Of those who had been recommended any of the two drugs, 33.7% had received the recommended treatment according to the 2019 ESC guidelines and 25.4% according to the 2019 ADA/EASD consensus report.

Conclusions

In this nationwide study, the proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes who were recommended treatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor or a GLP-1 receptor agonist was approximately 80% according to the 2019 ESC guidelines and around half according to the 2019 ADA/EASD consensus report. Uptake of these recommendations in routine clinical practice was limited.
Two new endemic species of leucothoid amphipods (Amphipoda: Leucothoidae) from New Zealand and northeastern Indonesia
Authors: White Kristine N , Thomas James Darwin
Published: December 2022

Leucothoid amphipods are commensal associates of invertebrate hosts, displaying a wide range of host specificity. Amphipods also demonstrate high levels of endemism, long thought to be due to their lack of a planktonic dispersal stage. The biodiversity of endemic species can be compared biogeographically, making amphipods useful proxies in monitoring ecosystem change. Two new species are described herein, both apparently endemic to their respective regions: Leucothoe panjangsp. nov. from Raja Ampat Archipelago, eastern Indonesia and Leucothoe wheromurasp. nov. from New Zealand. Both new species demonstrate host specificity and fit into a group of Leucothoe species that share the “Paraleucothoe” form of gnathopod 1, with an expanded basis, curved propodus, and short dactylus. The distribution of these new species supports the 12 realms of biogeography for amphipods, suggesting that patterns of amphipod endemicity are less likely due to a lack of dispersal than they are dependent on geological history.
Public satisfaction with community pharmacists roles as healthcare providers: a cross-sectional study from Jordan
Authors: Abu-Farha Rana , Alzoubi Karem H , Alkhawaldeh Rama , Awwad Oriana , Mukattash Tareq , Alefishat Eman
Published: December 2022

Objectives

In recent years, the responsibilities of community pharmacists have changed significantly. This study aimed to assess Jordanian public satisfaction with community pharmacists’ role as healthcare providers and to evaluate factors affecting their satisfaction level.

Methods

This cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted among the Jordanian public using a convenience sampling approach between May 2022 and June 2022. A link to the self-administered questionnaire was distributed via different social media platforms to be filled by participants willing to participate to evaluate their views and satisfaction of community pharmacists’ role as healthcare providers.

Key findings

In this study, 710 participants agreed to participate in this study. The participants had a median age of 36.0 years and 62.3% of them were female. The most frequent reason for visiting any community pharmacy was purchasing prescription medications (83.1%). The location of the pharmacy was the most selected factor influencing the choice of a particular community pharmacy by the study participants (89.3%). Results showed that respondents had an acceptable satisfaction score about pharmacists’ behaviours and roles (median score of 32.0 out of 40.0). More than 80% of the participants were satisfied with the language used by the pharmacist in discussing drug-related matters (84.9%), with the privacy maintained by the pharmacist while dealing with them (83.1%), with pharmacists’ professionalism in dealing with patients (82.3%), and with the positive relationship between pharmacists and patients (81.0%). Respondents with a higher level of education showed more satisfaction towards pharmacists’ services compared to those with lower levels of education (Beta = 0.088, P = 0.031).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated an acceptable general satisfaction of community pharmacists while conducting their job, yet their role still mainly involves dispensing prescriptions.
Effects of the fermentation process on the selenite metabolism and selenium incorporation and speciation in a probiotic Bifidobacterium longum
Authors: Zhu Hui , Bierla Katarzyna , Tan Jun , Szpunar Joanna , Chen Daijie , Lobinski Ryszard
Published: December 2022

The influence of the fermentation process on selenite metabolism by a probiotic Bifidobacterium longum DD98 and its consequent enrichment in selenium (Se) were studied. The effects of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) concentration (18−400 μg/ml), feeding time (12, 16, and 24 h), and fermentation stage (secondary and tertiary fermentation) were evaluated by measuring (i) the total Se content and its distribution between the water-soluble metabolome fraction and the water-insoluble fraction; (ii) the total concentrations of the two principal Se compounds produced: selenomethionine (SeMet) and γ-glutamyl-selenomethionine (γ-Glu-SeMet), and (iii) the speciation of Se in the metabolite fraction. The results revealed that the fermentation process notably changed the Se incorporation into metabolites (γ-Glu-SeMet and free SeMet) and proteins (bound-SeMet) in B. longum DD98. In particular, the production of SeMet was negatively correlated to that of γ-Glu-SeMet when no red precipitate was seen in the bacteria. The study offers a tool for the control of the optimization of the fermentation process towards the desired molecular speciation of the incorporated Se and hence contributes to the production of Se-enriched probiotics with good qualities and bioactivities.
63Cu(I) binding to human kidney 68Zn7-βα MT1A: determination of Cu(I)-thiolate cluster domain specificity from ESI-MS and room temperature phosphorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Melenbacher Adyn , Heinlein Lina , Hartwig Andrea , Stillman Martin J
Published: December 2022

Mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) are important proteins in Zn(II) and Cu(I) homeostasis with the Zn(II) and Cu(I) binding to the 20 cysteines in metal-thiolate clusters. Previous electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric (MS) analyses of Cu(I) binding to Zn7-MT were complicated by significant overlap of the natural abundance isotopic patterns for Zn(II) and Cu(I) leading to impossibly ambiguous stoichiometries. In this paper, isotopically pure 63Cu(I) and 68Zn(II) allowed determination of the specific stoichiometries in the 68 Zn,63Cu-βα MT1A species formed following the stepwise addition of 63Cu(I) to 68Zn7-βα MT1A. These species were characterized by ESI-MS and room temperature emission spectroscopy. The key species that form and their emission band centres are Zn5Cu5-βα MT1A (λ = 684 nm), Zn4Cu6-βα MT1A (λ = 750 nm), Zn3Cu9-βα MT1A (λ = 750 nm), Zn2Cu10-βα MT1A (λ = 750 nm), and Zn1Cu14-βα MT1A (λ = 634 nm). The specific domain stoichiometry of each species was determined by assessing the species forming following 63Cu(I) addition to the 68Zn3-β MT1A and 68Zn4-α MT1A domain fragments. The domain fragment emission suggests that Zn5Cu5-βα MT1A contains a Zn1Cu5-β cluster and the Zn4Cu6-βα MT1A, Zn3Cu9-βα MT1A, and Zn2Cu10-βα MT1A each contain a Cu6-β cluster. The species forming with >10 mol. eq. of 63Cu(I) in βα-MT1A exhibit emission from the Cu6-β cluster and an α domain cluster. This high emission intensity is seen at the end of the titrations of 68Zn7-βα MT1A and the 68Zn4-α MT1A domain fragment suggesting that the initial presence of the Zn(II) results in clustered Cu(I) binding in the α domain.
Werner syndrome protein works as a dimer for unwinding and replication fork regression
Authors: Shin Soochul , Hyun Kwangbeom , Lee Jinwoo , Joo Dongwon , Kulikowicz Tomasz , Bohr Vilhelm A , Kim Jaehoon , Hohng Sungchul
Published: December 2022

The determination of the oligomeric state of functional enzymes is essential for the mechanistic understanding of their catalytic activities. RecQ helicases have diverse biochemical activities, but it is still unclear how their activities are related to their oligomeric states. We use single-molecule multi-color fluorescence imaging to determine the oligomeric states of Werner syndrome protein (WRN) during its unwinding and replication fork regression activities. We reveal that WRN binds to a forked DNA as a dimer, and unwinds it without any change of its oligomeric state. In contrast, WRN binds to a replication fork as a tetramer, and is dimerized during activation of replication fork regression. By selectively inhibiting the helicase activity of WRN on specific strands, we reveal how the active dimers of WRN distinctly use the energy of ATP hydrolysis for repetitive unwinding and replication fork regression.
TheArabidopsisHop1 homolog ASY1 mediates cross-over assurance and interference
Authors: Pochon Gaetan , Henry Isabelle M , Yang Chao , Lory Niels , Fernández-Jiménez Nadia , Böwer Franziska , Hu Bingyan , Carstens Lena , Tsai Helen T , Pradillo Monica , Comai Luca , Schnittger Arp
Published: December 2022

The chromosome axis plays a crucial role in meiotic recombination. Here, we study the function of ASY1, the Arabidopsis homolog of the yeast chromosome axis-associated component Hop1. Specifically, we characterized cross-over (CO) distribution in female and male meiosis by deep sequencing of the progeny of an allelic series of asy1 mutants. Combining data from nearly 1,000 individual plants, we find that reduced ASY1 functionality leads to genomic instability and sometimes drastic genomic rearrangements. We further observed that COs are less frequent and appear in more distal chromosomal regions in plants with no or reduced ASY1 functionality, consistent with previous analyses. However, our sequencing approach revealed that the reduction in CO number is not as dramatic as suggested by cytological analyses. Analysis of double mutants of asy1 with mutants with three other CO factors, MUS81, MSH4, and MSH5, as well as the determination of foci number of the CO regulator MLH1 demonstrates that the majority of the COs in asy1, similar to the situation in the wildtype (WT), largely belong to the class I, which are subject to interference. However, these COs are redistributed in asy1 mutants and typically appear much closer than in the WT. Hence, ASY1 plays a key role in CO interference that spaces COs along a chromosome. Conversely, since a large proportion of chromosomes do not receive any CO, we conclude that CO assurance, the process that ensures the obligatory assignment of one CO per chromosome, is also affected in asy1 mutants.
Genetics of SLE: does this explain susceptibility and severity across racial groups?
Authors: Demkova Karin , Morris David L , Vyse Timothy J
Published: December 2022

The prevalence and severity of SLE have been found to vary across populations of different ancestries. This review explores whether these differences can be explained by the genetic aetiology of the condition. Large genetic studies suggest that populations of different ancestry share the same risk loci but individual risk alleles are more common in some, leading to a higher prevalence and severity and an earlier onset of the condition. Despite many of the loci being shared across populations, some have been found to be ancestry specific and these are hypothesized to have undergone differential selective pressure in recent human history. Additionally, the effectiveness of some of the drugs used in SLE has been found to vary across ancestries, which might affect progression of the disease, but it is unclear whether these differences are pharmacogenetic. We concluded that to understand the full role of genetics in the risk, presentation and response to treatment of SLE, larger studies including individuals from a wider representation of ancestries will be required.