bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age distribution of horizontal fission tracks
Authors: Jensen Peter Klint , Hansen Kirsten
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Equations for the distribution of age versus length of partially annealed horizontal fission tracks in apatite is presented. Probabilistic least–squares inversion corrects natural track length histograms for observational biases considering the variance of data, modelization, and prior information. The corrected histogram is validated by its variance–covariance matrix. It is considered that horizontal track data can be with or without measurements of angles to the c–axis. In the last case, 3D–histograms are introduced as an alternative to histograms of c–axis projected track lengths. Thermal history modeling of samples is not necessary for track age distribution calculation. In an example the age equations are applied to apatites with pre–depositional (inherited) tracks, to extract the post–depositional track length histogram. Fission tracks generated before deposition in detrital apatite crystals are mixed with post–depositional tracks. This complicates the calculation of the post– sedimentary thermal history as the grains have experienced different thermal histories until deposition. Thereafter the grains share a common thermal history. The extracted post–depositional histogram without inherited tracks may be used for thermal history calculation.
Burden of Genital Warts in Colombia: An Observational Study
Authors: Rios Joaquin Gustavo Luna , Rojas Monica , Cashat Miguel , Yen Glorian Persaud , Altland Alexandra , Monsanto Homero Antonio , Beltran Claudia
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Genital warts are benign lesions caused by sexual transmission of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, with significant impact on healthcare resource use and patients’ quality of life. Objective: To describe the epidemiology of genital warts in adults visiting a physician office for any reason, physician practice patterns, and healthcare resource use and costs in Colombia. Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of 53 physicians in 5 specialties: primary care (15), gynecology (24), urology (12), proctology (1), and dermatology (1). Physicians completed a survey and daily log of all patients 18-60 years old seen over 10 days in their practices in 2016-2017. The physician survey recorded genital warts consultation and management patterns. The daily log recorded patient demographic information and genital warts diagnosis. Results: Among 6,393 patients logged by physicians, the genital warts prevalence was 2.03% (95%CI 1.69–2.38) and incidence 1.30% (95%CI 1.02–1.58). Primary care physicians referred most of their genital warts cases for treatment (female: mean 63.3%, SD=44.8; male: mean 58.3%, SD=43.8). Treatment of non-resistant episodes (<6-month duration) lasted an average of 37.4 days (SD=29.4) and required an average of 4.0 (SD=1.9) office visits for females and 3.0 (SD=1.7) for males. The overall mean cost of an episode of care was USD558.13 (SD=507.30). Conclusion: Genital warts cases reported by most participant physicians were mainly direct-consult, but patients were typically treated by specialists. Much of the genital warts health care utilization and costs reported could be prevented by immunization with the quadrivalent or nonavalent HPV vaccine.
Multispecies spawning of scleractinian corals in nonreefal coral communities of northern Taiwan (northwestern Pacific Ocean)
Authors: Chen Chieh-Jhen , Chen Wei-Jen , Chang Ching-Fong
Published: March 2021

There is a large body of information on sexual reproduction in scleractinian corals, but regional gaps remain, especially in nonreefal coral communities. This study documented the reproductive patterns of 54 coral species in 23 genera and 8 families (41 hermaphroditic spawners, 10 gonochoric spawners, 2 hermaphroditic brooders, and 1 gonochoric brooder) in northern Taiwan by field observations and histological analysis, which indicated that they predominantly spawned in August while fewer spawned in July, September, and October. Based on the field observations, 50 species in 21 genera and 7 families spawned between 20:00 and 22:00 hrs for 5–8 consecutive nights after the full moon in July and August from 2013 to 2016. The spawning patterns varied profoundly in species and colony number from 2014 to 2016: 19 species (42 colonies) in 2014, 6 species (20 colonies) in 2015, and 33 species (120 colonies) in 2016. Most merulinid and lobophyllid corals were observed to spawn consistently over the three years, particularly Favites pentagona, and corals splitly spawned within the colony. Five coral species spawned bimonthly. Three brooding corals (Pocillopora damicornis, Stylophora pistillata, and Porites lichen) also sexually reproduced between summer and early fall. Through this study, we obtained a better understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of the sexual reproduction of corals in nonreefal coral communities. Furthermore, this research may have broader biogeological implications for the northwestern Pacific Ocean region.
Ministério Público Federal e Polícia Federal: uma análise sobre os conteúdos das páginas oficiais no Facebook
Authors: Avanzi Carla
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo analisou as estratégias de comunicação utilizadas pelas instituições envolvidas na operação Lava Jato, Ministério Público Federal e Polícia Federal no Facebook, a fim de compreender um dos aspectos da luta simbólica por poder pelas instituições da burocracia. Com esse estudo, buscou-se responder às seguintes questões: As duas instituições envolvidas na utilizam o Facebook como estratégia de comunicação? A corrupção é o principal tema abordado ou outras temáticas são priorizadas nas publicações das instituições? A reação dos usuários nas páginas é semelhante para as duas instituições? Para atingir os fins almejados, foi realizado um levantamento das postagens nas páginas oficiais do Facebook das duas instituições durante o ano de 2018, com o propósito de averiguar a quantidade, frequência e conteúdo das publicações. Constatou-se que embora as duas instituições utilizem rotineiramente o Facebook, suas estratégias na rede social são distintas. Enquanto a Polícia Federal prioriza publicações relacionadas à capacidade institucional, o Ministério Público destaca assuntos relacionados às suas atribuições constitucionais. Além disso, ainda que integrem a mesma operação com grande destaque midiático, as publicações sobre corrupção e as reações dos usuários distinguem consideravelmente nas páginas das duas instituições.
Individualismo Moral e a Sociologia Clássica
Authors: Soares Raphael De Oliveira
Published: March 2021

A sociologia clássica, não obstante tenha, como uma de suas características principais, a pluralidade de abordagens e de paradigmas, partilha, entre seus autores, de uma normatividade comum, isto é, de um mesmo ideal de sociedade justa. Argumentaremos, ao longo do texto, que a partir de um individualismo moral, tanto Marx, quanto Weber, Durkheim, Simmel e Tocqueville, fornecem, por diferentes vias, teorias cujo objetivo se dirige a formulação de diretrizes práticas para o pleno desenvolvimento das capacidades e liberdades individuais. O indivíduo universal, e não o grupo, é a meta. Portanto, a sociologia clássica faz o diagnóstico das fontes de exploração e dominação que impedem o livre desenvolvimento da liberdade humana. Nosso intuito, nesse texto, além da identificação e definição das bases normativas do pensamento dos clássicos, será o de reconstruir os traços das circunstâncias apontadas por eles como impeditivas à concretização do projeto do individualismo moral. Ao mesmo tempo, buscaremos ressaltar a perene relevância do enfoque sociológico do individualismo moral nas análises contemporâneas sobre o desenvolvimento humano, como o do economista Amartya Sen, centradas no enfoque dos pré-requisitos sociais indispensáveis ao desempenho individual.
Juventude, Valores Sociais e Democracia: o caso dos estudantes da Universidade Federal do Paraná
Authors: Santos Deivison Henrique De Freitas
Published: March 2021

Este artigo analisa qual é a opinião de parte dos estudantes que ingressaram na Universidade Federal do Paraná em 2018 sobre a situação da democracia no Brasil, assim como os posicionamentos do referido alunato sobre temas que geram controvérsias no debate público nacional, a saber, a descriminalização do aborto, a adoção de crianças por casais do mesmo sexo e a proibição do comércio de armas de fogo e munição no país. Busca-se responder as seguintes indagações: (1) De que maneira os novos estudantes da UFPR avaliam a atual situação da democracia no Brasil? (2) Como os novos discentes se posicionam diante temas controversos? (3) Em que medida as posições assumidas pelos discentes estão relacionadas com variáveis individuais? Com base em 474 entrevistas empreendidas junto aos estudantes e fazendo uso de estatística descritiva e bivariada, percebe-se uma avaliação negativa dos discentes sobre a situação do regime democrático brasileiro. Em se tratando dos temas controversos, o alunato se mostra majoritariamente favorável a todas as proposições. Defende-se que estudos que enfatizam o comportamento da população jovem oferecem relevantes indícios sobre o futuro da democracia e das condições de vida em sociedade.
Around ethical dilemmas in the work of a family assistant
Authors: Ciczkowska-Giedziun Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the article is to describe selected ethical dilemmas in the work of a family assistant, based on the typology of ethical dilemmas of Frederic Reamer. In accordance with the typology adopted in the article, in the area of cooperation with families, ethical dilemmas regarding direct work with families, implementation of social assistance programs and relationship between representatives of the profession arise. The information presented in the text is based on publications, studies and reports on family assistantship. The first group of ethical dilemmas is revealed when constructing supportive and helping relationship between assistants and families. It refers to such areas as: voluntary cooperation, limits of cooperation, the right to self-determination or limits of responsibility. The second group of ethical dilemmas is related to the planning and implementation of various solutions in the field of social policy and also support and assistance programs offered to the family. The last group of ethical dilemmas results from a different understanding of family assistantship in the structures of the social assistance system. They are also revealed in the construction of relationships with social workers. The text also includes solutions how to cope with these dilemmas.
Addition of hydrochloric acid to collection bags or collection containers did not change basal endogenous losses or ileal digestibility of amino acid in corn, soybean meal, or wheat middlings fed to growing pigs
Authors: Lee Su A , Blavi Laia , Navarro Diego M. D. L. , Stein Hans H.
Published: March 2021

Objective: The hypothesis was that apparent ileal digestibility (AID), basal endogenous losses, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) are not affected by adding acid to collection containers or bags used to collect ileal digesta from pigs.Methods: Twenty-four growing barrows (initial body weight: 77.8±4.5 kg) that were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were fed diets for three 7-d periods. An N-free diet and 3 diets containing corn, soybean meal, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were used. Within each period, each of the 4 diets were fed to 6 pigs. Among the 6 pigs, digesta from 3 pigs were collected in bags containing no HCl, whereas 40 mL of 3 N HCl was included in the bags used to collect digesta from the remaining 3 pigs. Every other bag collected from each pig was emptied into a container without adding HCl, whereas the remaining bags were added to a container along with 40 mL of 3 N HCl for each bag. All digesta were stored at –20°C immediately after collection. Data were analyzed using a model that included feed ingredient, HCl in bags, HCl in containers, and all 2-way and 3-way interactions as fixed effects. No 3-way interactions were significant, and data were, therefore, reanalyzed independently for each diet as a 2×2 factorial.Results: There were no interactions between adding HCl to collection bags and to containers, and no effects of adding HCl to collection bags or containers for AID, basal endogenous losses, or SID of most AA were observed.Conclusion: It is not necessary to add acid to digesta collection bags or collection containers if ileal digesta are stored at –20°C immediately after collection.
Sienna's Monster
Authors: Van Dan Mystee ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: March 2021

How is a child, growing up, effected by being part of a cycle of abuse? How do you end the cycle? How do you explain to your abuser the effect their words have on you, when they believe their actions are better than their father before them? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Sienna is living with a “Monster,” in this case, her father. He does not hit her, but he does yell, and rant, and breaks things. Sienna grows up always on edge that the “monster” will lash out at her. Over time, she builds up equally toxic defense mechanisms. She learns to yell back and to be as hate-filled as her father. This all changes when she goes to college and meets her roommate Clara. Clara does not lash out. She does not accuse. She does not go into conversations prepared for battle. She listens, she is empathetic. She does not “keep score” in their friendship. Sienna assumes Clara has an alternative motive, and continues to be skeptical. Eventually, Sienna comes to see Clara for what she is, a decent human being. Armed with her new knowledge, Sienna heads home for Thanksgiving and confronts her father. Her father credits himself with “breaking the cycle” and being a good father by not physically abusing Sierra that way his father was to him. Sienna is frustrated, and resolves to never speak to him again. Over the Christmas holiday, Sienna decides to visit Clara’s family. Sienna’s mother asks if she, and only she, can come visit. Sienna reluctantly agrees. Her mother arrives, father in tow. The story ends with Sienna in jail, having killed her father.
StarStruck
Authors: Tenenbaum E. L. ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: March 2021

Do both emotions and reason serve a valuable human purpose? Are we, as a species, trending towards reason and, if so, to what end? It is wrong act without reason? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, a young boy is born for the first time in 1,000 years into the “Great Sky Of Reason.” Unlike those around him, he laughs, smiles and plays, even when there is no reason. His parents find him confusing and give him to the Great Purveyors at the Great Observatory of Reason. In time, under their constant training, he learns reason and discipline. He no longer smiles as he understands all conclusions simply follow from their logical causes. He is eventually appointed to the Great Observatory where the Purveyors look over earth and the actions of all its inhabitants. From above, they sprinkle emotions that encourage reason on humans at just the right moment. Empathy, understanding, reflection, in moments when they are most needed. After some time, the young boy (now a young man) comes to question the logic of influencing humans towards a path of reason. At first, he simply stops sprinkling emotions on them. Later, he goes about destroying the store of emotions the Great Observatory has, thus making it impossible for others to influence humans as well.
Saludo
Authors: San Martín Javier
Published: March 2021

-
La articulación fundamental del ser. Una investigación sobre la base de la ontología fundamental de Martin Heidegger
Authors: Uscatescu Barrón Jorge
Published: March 2021

Se trata de la autopresentación que el autor hizo de su tesis doctoral, publicada, después en la Editorial Königshausen, de Würzsburg.
Jaume Ripoll: "Regular el mercado no significa penalitzar al consumidor"
Authors: Clares Gavilán Judith
Published: March 2021

Esta es la segunda entrega de la entrevista mantenida con Jaume Ripoll, director de filmin, sobre el sector del Video on Demand (VoD) en España. En ella abordamos cuestiones clave relacionadas con los nuevos modelos de negocio de la distribución bajo demanda así como sobre el papel determinante que tiene la protección de los derechos de autor en internet. El curso 2012-13, filmin se convertirá en partner de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) para poner en marcha el primer posgrado que se ofrece en España sobre distribución audiovisual y nuevos modelos de negocio, que contará con la participación de los principales portales de VoD activos en nuestro país.
La no-crisis del cine
Authors: Sánchez-Navarro Jordi
Published: March 2021

El pasado mes de abril, durante la celebración del foro Global INET, que este año se ha celebrado en Ginebra (Suiza), el fundador de la Wikipedia Jimmy Wales anunció la muerte del cine. Wales sostiene que la próxima revolución de la Red tendrá que ver con el vídeo.
¿Qué les pasa a los medios, doctor?
Authors: Vilajoana Alejandre Sandra
Published: March 2021

El 6 de octubre de 2014 se confirmó el primer caso de transmisión secundaria del virus del Ébola en España. La gestión de la comunicación de esta crisis sanitaria invita a múltiples reflexiones y una de ellas atañe al ejercicio del periodismo: ¿qué criterio llevó a algunos medios, ¡demasiados!, a publicar fotografías de la paciente luchando por su vida en la habitación de un hospital?
Evolución de las profesiones en información y documentación
Authors: Vàzquez Garcia Mercè
Published: March 2021

Las profesiones evolucionan a un ritmo similar al que lo hacen las nuevas necesidades organizativas y sociales. A menudo esta evolución se produce de una manera progresiva, por lo que hay etapas de transición en las que los profesionales se deben acomodar a los cambios constantes que se producen en la profesión que han llevado a cabo de manera estable durante los últimos años. En este artículo observaremos qué evolución se constata en las profesiones propias del ámbito de la información y la documentación.
2014, un año muy comunicativo
Authors: Montaña Blasco Mireia
Published: March 2021

Quedan pocos días para decir adiós al 2014, un año que nos ha traído una serie de fenómenos de comunicación masiva que seguro recordaremos durante bastante tiempo.
Nuevas tendencias en organización de eventos
Authors: Estanyol i Casals Elisenda
Published: March 2021

La participación más activa de los asistentes, la vertiente virtual, la integración de los formatos de comunicación, el establecimiento de focos temáticos y el estímulo del componente lúdico son aspectos que cada vez se tendrán más en cuenta en la organización de los eventos del futuro.
Kesabaran sebagai nilai kebajikan dan efeknya terhadap resiliensi: Peranan moderasi dari disposisi harapan
Authors: Rozi Fahrul , Prasasti Anggun
Published: March 2021

The current study is intended to determine the role of hope in the effect of patience on resilience. This study predicts effects are impatient with the resilience reinforced with high hope disposition. 320 respondents (52% female) participated in this study with an average age of 16.3 (SD = 0.89). The results of this study indicates that hope has a significant role as a moderator in the relationship between patience and resilience. In individuals who have high disposition of hope, the effects of patience to resilience will be stronger. Meanwhile, in individuals who have lower disposition of hope, the effects of patience to resilience becomes insignificant. The results of the study prove that the effect of patience on resilience is strengthened by the high disposition of hope.
Potential distribution behind target in intense and short pulsed laser-driven magnetic reconnection
Authors: Yu Jia-Cheng , Zhong Jia-Yong , An Wei-Ming , Ping Yong-Li ,   Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Published: March 2021

Recently, the short-pulse intense laser has become a common tool for studying the relativistic plasma with tremendous physical parameters. And the laser-driven magnetic reconnection is one of the hot topics and has received much attention. The laser-driven magnetic reconnection experiments are usually conducted by closely focusing two laser beams on a planar coil target. However, it is always hard to distinguish the physical property of magnetic reconnection from the complex background of laser-produced plasma. In this paper, we present the particle-in-cell simulation results of magnetic reconnection driven by two short-pulse lasers as well as a single laser pulse irradiating the solid planar target, and discuss the correlation between the potential distribution behind the target and the magnetic reconnection. When a single laser is used, the potential behind the target shows a double-peak distribution, which is in agreement with recent experimental results. When two lasers irradiate the target, the potential behind the target shows a three-peak distribution. The accumulated spatial distribution of plasma ions with fixed energy (4.5 and 6 MeV) at 3 μm behind the target shows several peaks, which is in agreement with the potential distribution when either a single laser or two lasers are used. In addition, after the laser pulse terminates, in the two-laser case there is extremely strong effect on the topological structure of the electric field compared with in the singlelaser case. When the magnetic reconnection happens (which can be identified through the reconnection electric field and the electron energy spectrum), the amplitude of the x component of the electric field has different evolution characteristics from the single laser case. The line outs of the y component of the electric field in two cases also have completely different shapes. In summary, the simulation results reveal that the potential distribution behind the target can directly affect the spatial distribution of the accelerated ions. This could be possibly used to identify the short pulse laser-driven magnetic reconnection in experiment.
Legends of Places as Part of the Sustainable Development of Regions
Authors:   Institute of Slovenian Ethnology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Ivančič Kutin Barbara , Kropej Telban Monika ,   Institute of Slovenian Ethnology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: March 2021

Many newly established thematic routes and parks include narrative traditions to be experienced in their natural environment. Quality products of this kind are the result of well-developed concepts that follow expert guidelines and strategies and can be, as such, part of sustainable tourism, which strives to preserve ties with tradition to the greatest extent possible. This article includes some examples of different presentations of narrative tradition or local legends in places and discusses the problems with which such presentations cope. The article particularly discusses two examples of thematic trails that are based on professional folklore and ethnological research. The first case involves research activities that served as the foundation for thematic storytelling routes in the eastern part of the Alps – Pohorje above Slovenska Bistrica in Slovenia – and in central Istria in Croatia. The second example shows the influence of a thematic trail on the knowledge about local narrative tradition among schoolchildren in Bovec in the north-western part of Slovenia.
Buried Alive: The Phenomenon of Apparent Death in Estonian Tradition
Authors:   Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia, Kalmre Eda
Published: March 2021

Hardly any other folklore subject or motif can offer a more colourful bouquet in genre than apparent death, ranging from fairy tales and romantic legends to rumours, ballads, and jokes. The historical origin of stories of apparent death extends back to antiquity, probably also relying on some true events; however, the formation and spread of folktales on this subject falls into the Enlightenment period in Europe. The emergence and development of this topic relate to medical and religious practices, journalism and literature. The article focuses on the traditional context of apparent death in eighteenth-nineteenth-century Europe, including Estonia.
An efficient multi-factor authentication scheme based CNNs for securing ATMs over cognitive-IoT
Authors: Shalaby Ahmed , Gad Ramadan , Hemdan Ezz El-Din , El-Fishawy Nawal
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, the identity verification of banks’ clients at Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) is a very critical task. Clients’ money, data, and crucial information need to be highly protected. The classical ATM verification method using a combination of credit card and password has a lot of drawbacks like Burglary, robbery, expiration, and even sudden loss. Recently, iris-based security plays a vital role in the success of the Cognitive Internet of Things (C-IoT)-based security framework. The iris biometric eliminates many security issues, especially in smart IoT-based applications, principally ATMs. However, integrating an efficient iris recognition system in critical IoT environments like ATMs may involve many complex scenarios. To address these issues, this article proposes a novel efficient full authentication system for ATMs based on a bank’s mobile application and a visible light environments-based iris recognition. It uses the deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a feature extractor, and a fully connected neural network (FCNN)—with Softmax layer—as a classifier. Chaotic encryption is also used to increase the security of iris template transmission over the internet. The study and evaluation of the effects of several kinds of noisy iris images, due to noise interference related to sensing IoT devices, bad acquisition of iris images by ATMs, and any other system attacks. Experimental results show highly competitive and satisfying results regards to accuracy of recognition rate and training time. The model has a low degradation of recognition accuracy rates in the case of using noisy iris images. Moreover, the proposed methodology has a relatively low training time, which is a useful parameter in a lot of critical IoT based applications, especially ATMs in banking systems.
Putative carboxylesterase gene identification and their expression patterns in Hyphantria cunea (Drury)
Authors: Ye Jia , Mang Dingze , Kang Ke , Chen Cheng , Zhang Xiaoqing , Tang Yanping , R. Purba Endang , Song Liwen , Zhang Qing-He , Zhang Longwa
Published: March 2021

The olfactory system of insects is important for behavioral activities as it recognizes internal and external volatile stimuli in the environment. Insect odorant degrading enzymes (ODEs), including antennal-specific carboxylesterases (CXEs), are known to degrade redundant odorant molecules or to hydrolyze important olfactory sex pheromone components and plant volatiles. Compared to many well-studied Type-I sex pheromone-producing lepidopteran species, the molecular mechanisms of the olfactory system of Type-II sex pheromone-producing Hyphantria cunea (Drury) remain poorly understood. In the current study, we first identified a total of ten CXE genes based on our previous H. unea antennal transcriptomic data. We constructed a phylogenetic tree to evaluate the relationship of HcunCXEs with other insects’ CXEs, and used quantitative PCR to investigate the gene expression of H. cunea CXEs (HcunCXEs). Our results indicate that HcunCXEs are highly expressed in antennae, legs and wings, suggesting a potential function in degrading sex pheromone components, host plant volatiles, and other xenobiotics. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for subsequent olfactory mechanism studies on H. cunea, but also offers some new insights into functions and evolutionary characteristics of CXEs in lepidopteran insects. From a practical point of view, these HcunCXEs might represent meaningful targets for developing behavioral interference control strategies against H. cunea.
Rodrigo Pulgar Castro. La Ética en la era de la tecnociencia. Ril Editores, Santiago de Chile, 2017. (158 pág.)
Authors: Cea Anfossi Pietro Di Angelo
Published: March 2021

..por definir
El día de los muertos y el cuidado del espíritu en el noroeste argentino.
Authors: Krmpotic Claudia Sandra , Vargas Amalia Noemí
Published: March 2021

Se describen y analizan las prácticas de cuidado ante la muerte y su expresión narrativa en el contexto ritual de Perico, una localidad de la Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Abordamos una relación poco explorada entre cuidados y muerte, a partir de materiales originales recabados mediante observación y entrevistas abiertas, extensas y recurrentes, en el marco de un extenso trabajo de campo entre los años 2009 y 2014. Desde un abordaje cualitativo, desarrollamos una estrategia interpretativa a partir de la deconstrucción de significados en torno de las creencias sostenidas por nuestros informantes. Prestamos especial atención a los ritos mortuorios en el contexto del Día de los Muertos, los que ponen en evidencia la combinación de concepciones ancestrales y experiencias religiosas, como las estrategias cognitivas relativas a la significación de la vida y la muerte.
Gestión tecnológica e innovación en salud: el caso del HPV Easy Typing para la prevención del Cáncer Cervicouterino
Authors: Padilla Navarro Patricio Andrés , Vásquez Miranda Fabiola
Published: March 2021

En el marco de los estudios de sociología de la innovación, el artículo sintetiza los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue describir y analizar la trayectoria que ha tenido el proyecto “HPV Easy Typing, un kit de identificación y genotipificación del cáncer” utilizando el apartado conceptual de la Teoría del Actor-Red y su enfoque sobre interesamientos, que han resultado ser más pertinentes para abordar la innovación desde este enfoque. Con ello, además se extraen aprendizajes y desafíos en materia de gestión tecnológica en el contexto chileno.
Neoliberalismo y Modernización del Estado en Chile: Emergencia del Gobierno Electrónico y desigualdad social
Authors: Gutierrez Luis
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo se propone explorar las relaciones entre el desarrollo del neoliberalismo y los cambios experimentados el estado en Chile. Especial atención se presta, a la incorporación de Internet y sus herramientas digitales en la gestión de los servicios públicos, y cómo se configura una nueva forma de relación entre el estado y los ciudadanos, en el contexto del gobierno electrónico. Al inicio del texto, se caracteriza el surgimiento del neoliberalismo como corriente de pensamiento político, luego se examina su implementación en Chile. Posteriormente, se analizan las transformaciones experimentadas por el estado, en el marco de la modernización de la gestión pública. Finalmente, se aborda el surgimiento de nuevas formas de desigualdad entre ciudadanos, respecto al acceso a los servicios del estado disponibles en Internet.
In the Name of Anthills and Beehives: An inquiry into the concept of rights of nature and its reasoning
Authors: Wu Jingjing
Published: March 2021

In this paper, I first investigate rights of nature legislation in Ecuador and Bolivia, namely the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador 2008, Bolivia Law of the Rights of Mother Earth 2010, and the Framework Law of Mother Earth and Integral Development for Living Well 2012. I apply a two-pronged analytical approach to these legal texts, which investigates the characteristics of such rights and the logic of the supporting reasoning. By reading into the legal texts, I argue that: (a) the characteristic of rights of nature as codified in these legislation is human (fundamental) rights; and (b) the main reasoning to support such right-status is spiritual reasoning that is largely based on the indigenous cosmovision. I then turn to some iconic declarations on human rights and natural rights theories, which shows the concept of “human rights” is almost impenetrable when it comes to the idea of “human”. I conclude this paper by indicating that in order to give rights of nature a solid ground in our current legal systems, we have to rethink the ground of human rights.
Costanera Center como escenario de las performatividades (del poder) de la resistencia
Authors: Zaliasnik Schilkrut Yael Andrea
Published: March 2021

El artículo profundiza en la relación entre lugar y poder, mediada por la teatralidad. Para ello, se pesquisan algunos actos corpóreos y efímeros, que consciente o inconscientemente, utilizan elementos del teatro para lograr una cierta eficacia performativa relacionada con escenificar y ejercer el poder de la resistencia en el espacio de Costanera Center, un centro comercial de Santiago, cuyos personeros han insistido en presentar como “ícono” de la ciudad y el país. Estos actos muestran cómo en dicho escenario, producto sobre todo de la desigualdad, el “espacio vivido”, en la concepción de Lefebvre, es muy distinto para muchos al “espacio concebido” y al “espacio percibido”. Como puede verse sobre todo al reparar en la dimensión del “espacio de la representación” (mediante el análisis de distintos actos), lo que para algunos es un lugar de ensueño, para otros es lo frustrante, un guión que evidencia la invisibilidad de sus vidas precarias y desechables.
AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF VEDANASTHAPANA EFFECT OF JALAVETASA AND DEVADARU: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Kumar Dinesh P M
Published: March 2021

Symptoms like pain is perhaps one of the important aspects to study in detail, because in almost all disease manifestation pain is accompanied and it is the common symptom which brings a patient to physician. So, search for safe drug preparations, which are much effective with very fewer side effects, are from herbal remedies, is the necessity of the present age. To treat the vedana (Pain), Devadaru (Cedrus deodera Roxb. Loud) and Jalavetasa (Salix tetrasperma Roxb.) are the drugs found to be very effective. ‘Vanjula’ is the synonym to Jalavetasa, which included under Vedanasthapana Mahakashaya (group of ten analgesic dravya) by Charaka Samhita1. In this study Devadaru and Jalavetasa has been selected to evaluate its efficacy in Vedanasthapana action. The efficacy of the drugs has been evaluated through experimental studies. The aim is to evaluate the Vedanasthapana (Analgesic) property of Jalavetasa and Devadaru on Albino mice through animal experimentation using Hot Plate Method. Study has been undertaken as pre-clinical method. In-vitro method on Albino mice. Four trial groups have included to evaluate the Vedanasthapana (Analgesic) action. Control group, Standard drug group. Group- 1- Devadaru, Group-2- Jalavetasa. Control group has no significance. Trial group 1 & 2 have significance. Standard group has shown marked significance throughout the study. Interpretation: Gradual increase in action has been observed in the trial groups. The standard group has shown immediate onset of action but same progress has not maintained after 90 minutes. The trial drugs Devadaru and Jalavetasa have sustained analgesic action as observed by experimental study.
Poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) ionic salt functionalized reduced graphene oxide doped with rare earth ions for anti‐corrosion performance enhancement
Authors: Hu Yue , Zhan Weiwu , Wu Zhifeng , Tang Yanreng , Huang Yangdi , Ding Xu Te , Chen Dianyu
Published: March 2021

A novel organic–inorganic nanocomposite material of rare earth ions/ poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) ionic salt/ reduced graphene oxide (Re3+/SMA‐Is/rGO) was prepared successfully. Poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) ionic salt functionalized reduced graphene oxide (SMA‐Is/rGO) was processed with two methods of π–π conjugation and ionization; rare earth ions (Re3+ = La3+, Ce3+ Pr3+) was doped on the surface of rGO by physical mixing. SMA‐Is reduced surface energy and enlarged the interlayer spacing between rGO nanosheets, ensuring that Re3+/SMA‐Is/rGO could form a uniform dispersed phase in the organic coating. The anti‐corrosion performance of the nanocomposite coating was measured by electrochemical techniques in corrosive medium, revealing that introducing the nanocomposite to epoxy matrix exhibited a significant decline of the increase of corrosion potential and corrosion current density. In all samples, La3+/SMA‐Is/rGO had the highest anti‐corrosion performance, and the protection efficiency on mild steel was up to 98.97%.
Numerical study of a three‐dimensional electroosmotic micromixer with Koch fractal curve structure
Authors: Xiong Siyue , Chen Xueye
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

A new type of three‐dimensional electroosmotic micromixer is designed based on the Koch fractal curve principle. According to the fractal principle, the influences of fractal structure, voltage size, electrode spacing and electrode configuration on the mixing performance were proposed and studied.

RESULTS

The simulation results show that under the combined action of fractal and electric field, irregular alternating vortices are generated in the microchannel, which can disturb the flow of fluid and greatly improve the mixing of fluids in the electroosmotic micromixer. In particular, when the direct current voltage is 10 V, the electrode spacing is 0.15 mm and the electroosmotic micromixer has three groups of alternately placed electrode pairs, the mixing efficiency can reach 98%.

CONCLUSIONS

This new type of electroosmotic micromixer is suitable for many occasions, including the mixing of biochemical reagents, and has high application value. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Knockdown of RLIM inhibits XIST expression and improves developmental competence of cloned male pig embryos
Authors: Yang Liusong , Wu Xiao , Zhang Ning , Shi Junsong , Zhou Rong , Su Qiaoyun , Zheng Enqin , Huang Sixiu , Xu Zheng , Hong Linjun , Gu Ting , Yang Jie , Yang Huaqiang , Cai Gengyuan , Wu Zhenfang , Li Zicong
Published: March 2021

Ectopic expression of Xist on the putative active X chromosome is a primary cause of the low developmental efficiency of cloned mouse and pig embryos. Suppression of abnormal Xist expression via gene knockout or RNA interference (RNAi) can significantly enhance the developmental competence of cloned mouse and pig embryos. RLIM is a Xist expression activator, whereas REX1 is an Xist transcription inhibitor, as RLIM triggers Xist expression by mediating the proteasomal degradation of REX1 to induce imprinted and random X chromosome inactivation in mice. This study aimed to test whether the knockdown of RLIM and overexpression of REX1 can repress aberrant Xist expression and improve the developmental ability of cloned male pig embryos. Results showed that injection of anti‐RLIM small interfering RNA significantly decreased Xist messenger RNA abundance, increased REX1 protein level, and enhanced the preimplantation development of cloned male porcine embryos. These positive effects were not observed in cloned male pig embryos injected with REX1 expression plasmid, which might be due to the low expression efficiency of injected REX1 plasmid and/or the short half‐life of expressed REX1 protein. The findings from this study indicated that RLIM participated in the ectopic activation of Xist expression in cloned pig embryos by targeting REX1 degradation. Furthermore, this study provided a new method to improve cloned pig embryo development by the inhibition of Xist expression via RNAi of RLIM.
An improved smoothed molecular dynamics method with high‐order shape function
Authors: Wang Shuai , Zhao LeiYang , Liu Yan
Published: March 2021

As an efficient molecular simulation method, the smoothed molecular dynamics (SMD) method introduces background mesh and mapping process into molecular dynamics (MD) procedure to suppress high‐frequency modes, so that a much larger time step than that of MD can be adopted. SMD method can achieve a nice overall accuracy, but local atomic disorders cannot be described very well with original SMD method for smoothing out high‐frequency motions. An improved SMD method with two kinds of high‐order shape functions is proposed. A parameter indicating the smoothing degree in SMD method is also presented to assess the mapping process. The efficiency and the accuracy of the improved method are discussed in detail, and the proposed method is validated with several examples. The results demonstrate obvious improvement in accuracy, and more high‐frequency atomic motions can be captured. When the high‐order SMD method is coupled with the MD method, the non‐physical phonon reflection, which may occur at the interface in the coupling of MD and original SMD method, will decrease remarkably even if no transition scheme is employed.
Numerical solution of nonlinear fractional optimal control problems using generalized Bernoulli polynomials
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Tenreiro Machado José António , Hosseini Asl Mohammad Kazem , Dahaghin Mohammad Shafi
Published: March 2021

This article introduces a new class of basis functions, namely, the generalized Bernoulli polynomials (GBP). The GBP are adopted for solving nonlinear fractional optimal control problems (NFOCP) generated by nonlinear fractional dynamical systems (NFDS) and boundary conditions (BC). The corresponding operational matrices (OM) of fractional derivatives (FD) expand the solution of the problem in terms of the GBP. The method transforms the NFOCP into systems of nonlinear algebraic equations. First, the state and control variables are approximated by the GBP with unknown coefficients and parameters and substituted in the objective function, NFDS and BC. Then, the Gaussian quadrature rule and the OM of FD allow the formulation of a constrained problem, which is solved using Lagrange multipliers. The accuracy of the method is tested by means of several examples and the results confirm its good performance.
Tapping birdwatchers to promote bird‐friendly coffee consumption and conserve birds
Authors: Williams Alicia , Dayer Ashley A. , Hernandez‐Aguilera J. Nicolas , Phillips Tina B. , Faulkner‐Grant Holly , Gómez Miguel I. , Rodewald Amanda D.
Published: March 2021

Though coffee was traditionally grown as an understory crop beneath mature trees (i.e. ‘shade‐grown’ coffee), most farms have been converted to full‐sun monocultures over time, which fail to support ecosystem services or biodiversity. The conversion from shade‐ to sun‐grown coffee has prompted the development of environmentally focused certifications, such as Smithsonian Bird Friendly® coffee, as one market‐based strategy to incentivize sustainable production of coffee.

Birdwatchers, of which there are 45 million in the US alone, are among the primary targets for coffee certifications—partly due to their high propensity to participate in and pay for conservation activities that benefit birds. Yet birdwatchers still represent a small market share of certifications, and their purchasing preferences relatively unknown. In 2016, we administered an online survey to 912 donors and/or members of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology who self‐identified as coffee drinkers and ‘birdwatchers’ to assess their familiarity with, receptivity to purchase, and perceived constraints on purchasing certified coffee.

Nearly half (49%) of respondents reported considering bird habitat when purchasing coffee. However, only 38% of respondents were familiar with the Smithsonian Bird Friendly® certification and only 9% reported purchasing it. Consumers who were older, female, and more skilled at birdwatching were more likely to consider birds when purchasing coffee, whereas those with higher levels of education were less likely. The highest rated constraints on buying bird‐friendly coffee were lack of awareness, cost, and lack of availability.

Because most birdwatchers considered both social and environmental impacts when purchasing coffee, they may be a promising market segment for many coffee certifications. Indeed, about half of the birdwatchers purchased organic (50%) and Fair Trade® (52%) certifications.

Our results suggest that uptake of bird‐friendly coffee may be strengthened by better communicating the impact of coffee production on bird habitat, the unique attributes of bird‐friendly coffee (including the high‐quality taste), differences among certification standards and credibility, and easy ways to find and purchase bird‐friendly coffee.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
The role of imaging in characterizing the cardiac natural history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lee Simon , Lee Marc , Hor Kan N.
Published: March 2021

Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare but devastating disease resulting in progressive loss of ambulation, respiratory failure, DMD‐associated cardiomyopathy (DMD‐CM), and premature death. The use of corticosteroids and supportive respiratory care has improved outcomes, such that DMD‐CM is now the leading cause of death. Historically, most programs have focused on skeletal myopathy with less attention to the cardiac phenotype. This omission is rather astonishing since patients with DMD possess an absolute genetic risk of developing cardiomyopathy. Unfortunately, heart failure signs and symptoms are vague due to skeletal muscle myopathy leading to limited ambulation. Traditional assessment of cardiac symptoms by the New York Heart Association American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Staging (ACC/AHA) classification is of limited utility, even in advanced stages. Echocardiographic assessment can detect cardiac dysfunction late in the disease course, but this has proven to be a poor surrogate marker of early cardiovascular disease and an inadequate predictor of DMD‐CM. Indeed, one explanation for the paucity of cardiac therapeutic trials for DMD‐CM has been the lack of a suitable end‐point. Improved outcomes require a better proactive treatment strategy; however, the barrier to treatment is the lack of a sensitive and specific tool to assess the efficacy of treatment. The use of cardiac imaging has evolved from echocardiography to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to assess cardiac performance. The purpose of this article is to review the role of cardiac imaging in characterizing the cardiac natural history of DMD‐CM, highlighting the prognostic implications and an outlook on how this field might evolve in the future.
cLRT‐Mod: An efficient methodology for pharmacometric model‐based analysis of longitudinal phase II dose finding studies under model uncertainty
Authors: Buatois Simon , Ueckert Sebastian , Frey Nicolas , Retout Sylvie , Mentré France
Published: March 2021

Within the challenging context of phase II dose‐finding trials, longitudinal analyses may increase drug effect detection power compared to an end‐of‐treatment analysis. This work proposes cLRT‐Mod, a pharmacometric adaptation of the MCP‐Mod methodology, which allows the use of nonlinear mixed effect models to first detect a dose‐response signal and then identify the doses for the confirmatory phase while accounting for model structure uncertainty. The method was evaluated through extensive clinical trial simulations of a hypothetical phase II dose‐finding trial using different scenarios and comparing different methods such as MCP‐Mod. The results show an increase in power using cLRT with longitudinal data compared to an EOT multiple contrast tests for scenarios with small sample size and weak drug effect while maintaining pre‐specifiability of the models prior to data analysis and the nominal type I error. This work shows how model averaging provides better coverage probability of the drug effect in the prediction step, and avoids under‐estimation of the size of the confidence interval. Finally, for illustration purpose cLRT‐Mod was applied to the analysis of a real phase II dose‐finding trial.