bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Airborne polarimetric Doppler weather radar: Trade-offs between various engineering specifications
Authors: Vivekanandan Jothiram , Loew Eric
Published: September 2017

Abstract. NCAR/EOL is investigating potential configurations for the next generation airborne phased array radar (APAR) that is capable of retrieving dynamic and microphysical characteristics of clouds and precipitation. The APAR will operate at C-band. The APAR will use the electronic scanning (e-scan) feature to acquire the optimal number of independent samples for recording research quality measurements. Since the airborne radar has only a limited time for collecting measurements over a specified region (moving aircraft platform ~ 100 m/s), beam multiplexing will significantly enhance its ability to collect high-resolution, research quality measurements. Beam multiplexing reduces errors in radar measurements while providing rapid updates of scan volumes. Beamwidth depends on the size of the antenna aperture. Beamwidth and Directivity of elliptical, circular and rectangular antenna apertures are compared and radar sensitivity is evaluated for various polarimetric configurations and transmit/receive elements. In the case of polarimetric measurements, alternate transmit with alternate receive (single channel receiver) and simultaneous reception (dual channel receiver) is compared. From an overall architecture perspective, element level digitization of transmit/receive (T/R) module versus digital sub-array is considered with regard to flexibility in adaptive beamforming, polarimetric performance, calibration, and data quality. Methodologies for calibration of the radar and removing bias in polarimetric measurements are outlined. The above-mentioned engineering options are evaluated for realizing an optimal APAR system suitable for measuring the high temporal and spatial resolutions of Doppler and polarimetric measurements of precipitation and clouds.
Verification of pre-monsoon temperature forecasts over India during 2016 with a focus on heatwave prediction
Authors: Singh Harvir , Arora Kopal , Ashrit Raghavendra , Rajagopal Ekkattil N.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The operational medium-range weather forecasting based on numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are complemented by the forecast products based on ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). This change has been recognised as an essentially useful tool for medium-range forecasting and is now finding its place in forecasting the extreme events. Here we investigate extreme events (heatwaves) using a high-resolution NWP model and its ensemble models in union with the classical statistical scores to serve verification purposes. With the advent of climate-change-related studies in the recent past, the rising number of extreme events and their plausible socio-economic effects have encouraged the need for forecasting and verification of extremes. Applying the traditional verification scores and associated methods to both the deterministic and the ensemble forecast, we attempted to examine the performance of the ensemble-based approach in comparison to the traditional deterministic method. The results indicate an appreciable competence of the ensemble forecast at detecting extreme events compared to the deterministic forecast. Locations of the events are also better captured by the ensemble forecast. Further, it is found that the EPS smoothes down the unexpectedly increasing signals, thereby reducing the false alarms and thus proving to be more reliable than the deterministic forecast.
Correction to: Vasvári, Louise O. “The Yellow Star and Everyday Life under Exceptional Circumstances: Diaries of 1944-1945 Budapest.” Hungarian Cultural Studies. e-Journal of the American Hungarian Educators Association, Volume 9 (2016) DOI: 10.5195/ahea.2016.260
Authors: Vasvári Louise O.
Published: September 2017

Changing the name Margit Stellar (Mrs. József Krauss) to Anna, a pseudonym, Mrs. Sándor Dévényi, the real name of the writer whose journal is discussed in the article. Also, changing the name Szebenyi to Szebeny.The original article can be found via the DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2016.260
De onbelemmerde richtlijnconforme uitleg van artikel 9a Waadi
Authors: Houweling A.R.
Published: September 2017

De onbelemmerde richtlijnconforme uitleg van artikel 9a Waadi

In artikel 9a Waadi is een verbod op het stellen van belemmeringsbedingen bij ‘terbeschikkingstelling van arbeidskrachten’ opgenomen. Aanleiding voor dit verbod was de equivalent in de Uitzendrichtlijn die Nederland moest implementeren. De parlementaire geschiedenis van artikel 9a Waadi geeft geen houvast voor de uitleg van het precieze bereik van het artikel. Er wordt enkel verwezen naar de Uitzendrichtlijn die deels via de Waadi in de Nederlandse wetgeving is geïmplementeerd. Bijgevolg is voor het bereik van artikel 9a Waadi het bereik van artikel 6 lid 2 Uitzendrichtlijn van belang. Het Hof van Justitie van de EU heeft tot op heden geen uitspraak gedaan over het precieze bereik van artikel 6 lid 2 Uitzendrichtlijn. Dit maakt het oordeel van de Hoge Raad van 14 april 2017 (ECLI:NL:HR:2017:689, JAR 2017/136, m.nt. F.G. Laagland (zzp’er/Focus on Human B.V.)) en diens weigering prejudiciële vragen te stellen extra interessant. De auteur staat in dit commentaar stil bij twee vragen:

Beschermt artikel 9a Waadi ook een ex-werknemer die bij de inlener op basis van een overeenkomst van opdracht (geen arbeidsovereenkomst) werkzaamheden gaat verrichten? En zo ja, bieden de tekst en toelichting van artikel 9a Waadi de nationale rechter voldoende ruimte richtlijnconform te interpreteren?

Beschermt artikel 9a Waadi ook de werknemer die reeds een vast contract heeft bij de uitlener?
Eerst Enerco en Amsta, en nu de praktijk
Authors: Duk Rogier A.A.
Published: September 2017

Eerst Enerco en Amsta, en nu de praktijk

De auteur behandelt op basis van zijn ervaringen als advocaat in stakingszaken de praktische consequenties van de arresten van de Hoge Raad uit 2014 (Enerco) en 2015 (Amsta) en tracht af te wegen tot welke voor- en nadelen de omslag in de jurisprudentie kan leiden.
The Voice Interface Implementation in the Prototype of a Mobile Computer-Aided Aircraft Technical Support System
Authors: Golański Piotr , Szczekała Marek
Published: September 2017

The article concerns the use of computer support systems for technical support in the difficult conditions. The term difficult conditions should be understood as such conditions, in which an operation is carried out in a specific location, impeding or preventing the use of the computer. In such cases, computers integrated with operators’ working clothes (wearable computers) should be used, with which the communication takes place using voice. This article shows the attempt to resolve the problem of voice communications in a portable system to handle aircraft M-28.
Energy Profiles as a Method for Minimizing Weight of Hybrid Power Supply Systems
Authors: Adamczyk Arkadiusz
Published: September 2017

This article presents an analysis of energy demand by a group of portable military use appliances. This analysis was used by the author to offer an solution aimed at reducing the weight of the power supply system. This solution is based on energy profiles which were derived from the analyses and measurements, and on applying appropriately modified hybrid supply sources. Catalogue data are often used in support of an analysis of performance of electronic appliances. For a user, documents prepared by a manufacturer are the main source of information concerned with the amount and quality of electric energy sources required for the appliance to work properly. Investigations carried out in real conditions often verify this data, which provides a base for seeking alternative solutions in the course of designing new sources of power, e.g. such as the ones proposed in the article.
Operational Diagnostics Synthesis of the Naval Gas Turbines Operated by the Polish Navy
Authors: Pojawa Bogdan
Published: September 2017

The article presents overall energy research conducted by the Polish Naval Academy for the purpose of operational diagnostics of the naval gas turbines operated by the Polish Navy. In this article are presented the purpose and methodology of research, identification of the object of research and test equipment used for research. The research results will be presented in another article Analysis operational parameters of the naval gas turbines. As far as the Polish Navy vessels are concerned, there were four types of the naval gas turbines operated in the years 1983-2003: DE 59, DR 76, DR 77 and LM 2500. Currently, since 2013, there are four LM 2500 engines in service, which drive ‘Oliver Hazard Perry’ type missile frigates. In the near term, an another LM 2500 engine along with a 661M type patrol boat will become operational. Within the framework of energy research, the engine starting process, running on idle and in the whole range of variation of load as well as the process of stopping the engines will be placed under systematic operational surveillance.
Multivariate Validated Models for Simultaneous Determination of Ibuprofen and Famotidine in the Presence of Related Substances
Authors: Elzanfaly Eman S , Zaazaa Hala E , Soudi Aya T , Salem Maissa Y
Published: September 2017

Two multivariate validated spectrophotometric methods, namely partial least-squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR), were developed and validated for the determination of ibuprofen and famotidine in presence of famotidine degradation products and ibuprofen impurity (4-isobutylacetophenone). A calibration set was prepared in which the two drugs together with the degradation products and impurity were modeled using a multilevel multifactor design. This calibration set was used to build the PLS and PCR models. The proposed models successfully predicted the concentrations of both drugs in validation samples, with low root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) percentage. The method was validated by the estimate of the figures of merit depending on the net analyte signal. The results of the two models showed that the simultaneous determination of both drugs could be performed in the concentration ranges of 100–500 µg/mL for ibuprofen and 5–25 µg/mL for famotidine. The proposed multivariate calibration methods were applied for the determination of ibuprofen and famotidine in their pharmaceutical formulation, and the results were verified by the standard addition technique.
O USO DA MADEIRA EM UMA SERRARIA DO SÉCULO XX EM SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Melo Júnior João Carlos Ferreira
Published: September 2017

Com o intuito de contribuir com a ampliação de informações sobre o uso de madeiras históricas usadas em bens patrimoniais de Santa Catarina, o presente estudo identificou as madeiras históricas se uma serraria do século XX. Foram identificadas cinco espécies de madeira com distribuição na Mata Atlântica, como a peroba (Aspidorspema australe), o ariribá (Centrolobium microchaete), marmeleiro (Dalbergia brasiliensis), o ipê (Handroanthus chrysotrichus) e a canela (Ocotea porosa). Tais espécies tem sido exploradas pelas serrarias desde o período colonial e retratam aspectos da relação sociedade x natureza no tocante à extração de madeiras e conservação das florestas do país.
Notas históricas sobre a família Cactaceae no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) e Uruguai. III – Período contemporâneo (1980-2017): Taxonomistas gaúchos, uruguaios e europeus
Authors: Pontes Rodrigo Corrêa , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso , Witeck Neto Leopoldo
Published: September 2017

É apresentada a terceira e última parte da história das descobertas pertinentes à família Cactaceae no Rio Grande do Sul e Uruguai.
Desafios da saúde pública no Brasil: relação entre zoonoses e saneamento
Authors: Rodrigues Cristianne Ferreira Machado , Rodrigues Valdeir Santos , Neres Júlio Cesar Ibiapina , Guimarães Ana Paula Martins , Neres Liberta Lamarta Favoritto Garcia , Carvalho Aluísio Vasconcelos
Published: September 2017

A saúde no Brasil deu início no período colonial a partir do século XIX, porém o Ministério da Saúde somente foi construído em 25 de julho de 1953 com a lei nº 1.920. Desde ano de 1950 até o final do século passado, o investimento em saneamento básico no Brasil ocorreu pontualmente em alguns períodos específicos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é gerar uma discussão acerca da relação entre as zoonoses mais frequentes no país e o saneamento dando ênfase também nas medidas preventivas de doenças emergentes e re-emergentes no território nacional. As doenças zoonóticas são aquelas transmitidas dos animais para os humanos, as mais conhecidas são Doença de chagas, Raiva, Leishmanioses, Leptospirose, Febre Amarela, Dengue e Malária. As ações humanas sobre o ambiente como a urbanização, pecuária e industrialização vêm proporcionando um maior contato entre seres humanos, animais silvestres e domésticos, facilitando assim a proliferação de agentes infecciosos. Nos últimos anos, tem-se notado episódios de novas enfermidades bem como o reaparecimento de doenças datadas como erradicadas. Diante de todo trabalho realizado acrescentou-se medidas para a melhoria e prevenção de algumas zoonoses, a importância dos serviços de saneamento básico na prevenção de doenças e ações na preservação do ambiente.
Pour une poétique du blanc1
Authors: Rochebouet Anne
Published: September 2017

L’espace blanc, envisagé ici comme une surface vide, souvent ignoré, est pourtant un élément essentiel de la structuration et de la mise en texte, en page et en livre à l’époque médiévale. Trois exemples, de la plus petite à la plus grande surface concernée, permettent ici de l’envisager, en présentant des champs de réflexion à développer. Ainsi le blanc entre les mots, réévalué par les linguistes avec notamment les travaux de Nelly Andrieux-Reix et Simone Monsonego, est aujourd’hui considéré comme un outil pour appréhender la conscience linguistique des copistes ; il pourrait ainsi permettre de nouvelles approches dans les manuscrits écrits dans des zones de contact linguistique, comme les manuscrits copiés en Italie. Le trou dans le support manuscrit peut quant à lui être utilisé dans des mises en scène esthétiques et graphiques complexes, qui font écho et dialoguent avec le texte copié autour de lui, comme on le voit dans le Roi Flore et la belle Jeanne, lors de la scène du bain interrompu par Raoul (Paris, BnF, fr. 24430). Enfin, l’utilisation d’espaces blancs et la distribution et l’agencement des éléments sur la page (module des écritures, rubriques, place des illustrations, présence ou non de bouts-de-lignes) dans le Double Lai de fragilité humaine du BnF, fr. 20029 permet à Eustache Deschamps d’infléchir l’un des dispositifs de mise en page utilisés pour les traductions. Il inverse ainsi en partie le statut attendu dans ces mises en page pour les deux textes mis en regard.
Lire, écrire et transcrire en strophe d’Hélinand
Authors: Bottex-Ferragne Ariane
Published: September 2017

Cet article poursuit le double objectif de fournir une analyse du manuscrit BnF, fr. 2199 et de poser certains fondements à une poétique de la réception des littératures médiévales en strophe hélinandienne (8aabaabbbabba). Exclusivement composé de poèmes adoptant ce modèle strophique (Miserere et Carité du Reclus de Molliens, Vers de la mort d’Hélinand de Froidmont), ce recueil de la fin du xiiie siècle présente une diversité d’interventions graphiques qui tendent à rehausser, chacune à leur manière, les caractéristiques formelles des textes qu’il contient. À ce titre, il fournit une occasion privilégiée d’interroger la réception du corpus hélinandien à la lumière des éléments de forme qui ont pu attirer l’attention du lectorat médiéval. Il s’agira dès lors d’aborder la mise en livre singulière de cet ouvrage comme une sorte d’« art poétique visuel » qui permettra, à terme, de pallier certaines lacunes de la documentation textuelle consacrée à ce corpus.
Un roman dont il n’y a rien à dire
Authors: Arseneau Isabelle
Published: September 2017

L’examen comparé des manuscrits qui ont conservé le roman de Méraugis de Portlesguez de Raoul de Houdenc (v. 1225-1235) tend à suggérer qu’il y aurait autant de versions de cette oeuvre qu’il y a de copies. Dans le manuscrit de Vienne ÖN 2599 – un livre du second quart du xive siècle qui se distingue fortement de la tradition manuscrite des romans arthuriens en vers par sa facture (un luxe rare) et sa composition (une oeuvre unique) –, les variantes sont à ce point nombreuses que leur collationnement semble témoigner de la volonté de proposer un roman différent de celui conservé dans les recueils du Vatican (Reg. Lat. 1725) et de Turin (BUN, L.IV 33). Les interventions du scribe visent autant le texte que le péritexte : s’il corrige le style, la thématique et le dispositif narratologique disloqués que l’on associe à l’écriture de Raoul de Houdenc, il propose également un prologue et un programme iconographique qui réorientent le roman vers le didactisme plutôt que vers le divertissement, visée qui était classiquement la sienne. Dépouillé de sa dimension contestataire (antiromanesque), le roman obtenu à force d’ajustements qui trahissent l’oeuvre telle qu’elle a été conservée dans les autres codices semble fournir un exemple de rupture entre la sphère du roman critique (destiné au plaisir intellectuel des clercs) et celle du roman « plaisant » (destiné plutôt à l’usage de la cour).
ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF NEOLIBERALISM
Authors: Barnoff Lisa , Moffatt Ken , Todd Sarah , Panitch Melanie
Published: September 2017

Driven by neoliberal principles, new managerialist demands for austerity and accountability are reshaping the practices of directors of Canadian schools of social work. In this paper, we discuss research that aimed to clarify how directors of social-justice-oriented social work schools engage in academic leadership in the context of new managerialism. We were especially interested to know how this engagement affects them. Our data come from five interviews and one focus group with five directors of schools of social work in Canada. Four themes emerged from the data: directors’ fight for resources; directors as agents for resource management; directors as ‘buffers’ to shield their faculty from stresses associated with resource cuts; and resistance through relationship-building. Pushed to act as resource managers, directors’ efforts are largely unknown and sometimes unappreciated by faculty members. Our findings will be useful to professional schools negotiating their future in the university system, especially at a time when social work faculties struggle to motivate individuals to take on leadership roles. Overall, the findings of this study help clarify the nature of leadership practices in schools of social work, contributing to a better understanding of the current situation, the requirements of leadership, and how to support leadership.
L’évaluation de l’employabilité au sein du régime québécois d’aide sociale
Authors: Provencher Ysabel
Published: September 2017

Le présent article est issu des résultats d’une recherche documentaire financée par le Centre de recherche sur les politiques en matière d’invalidité professionnelle (CRPIP) et portant sur les processus et instruments de mesure de l’invalidité mis en application dans différents domaines des services publics. S’inscrivant dans le champ du Implementation Research, cette recherche rend compte de l’état des connaissances au sujet des instruments et modalités d’évaluation des capacités de travail tels qu’appliqués dans les régimes d’assistance publique, dont celui du Québec. Nous présentons ici quelques-uns des résultats de cette recherche portant sur les caractéristiques du processus d’évaluation de l’employabilité du régime québécois d’assistance publique (aide sociale).

L’évaluation de l’employabilité renvoie à l’identification des limites et des obstacles à l’emploi avec lesquels sont aux prises les individus assistés. Au Québec, ce processus suit deux filières parallèles; 1- l’évaluation des contraintes liées à l’état de santé, fondée sur le caractère permanent ou non de la limitation et 2- l’investigation des autres obstacles/limitations à l’emploi. Cette seconde filière se déploie dans le cadre de l’entrevue d’évaluation et d’aide à l’emploi (SAEE) en fonction d’une liste préétablie d’obstacles liés à quatre domaines de compétences. L’examen effectué montre que l’évaluation des incapacités lies à la santé est effectuée dans une optique de vérification d’éligibilité à une allocation ou un programme de soutien financier tandis que l’évaluation des autres incapacités est effectuée dans une optique de détermination d’un plan de services visant à favoriser le renforcement de la capacité d’insertion durable en emploi du demandeur d’assistance.
L’INTERVENTION SOCIALE AUPRÈS DES HOMMES GAIS
Authors: Buetti David , Negura Lilian , Gervais Marie-Hélène
Published: September 2017

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude, de nature qualitative et exploratoire, effectuée dans le cadre théorique des représentations sociales. Il a pour objectifs de : 1) documenter, au moyen d’images, la représentation qu’ont les hommes gais de l’homosexualité masculine en société et 2) comprendre comment ces images façonnent les orientations et les modalités d’intervention souhaitées par les hommes gais. Dix entretiens semi-dirigés ont été menés auprès d’hommes s’identifiant comme gais, âgés de 22 à 54 ans, principalement caucasiens, de différents états civils et niveaux de scolarité. L’analyse inductive de contenu a mis en relief la présence de cinq images de l’homosexualité masculine produites par le processus représentationnel d’objectivation : a) la normalité; b) la flamboyance; c) la vulnérabilité; d) la déviance; e) l’hypersexualisation. Les interventions souhaitées par les répondants visent surtout des changements dans le sens du renforcement de la seule image perçue favorablement, celle de la normalité. L’article suggère que les interventions doivent plutôt viser le changement des représentations sociales à l’origine des images négatives de l’homosexualité masculine afin de cultiver le respect envers tous les hommes gais, et non pas seulement envers ceux qui se conforment au modèle hétéronormatif.
PUBLICLY FUNDED MEDICAL TRAVEL SUBSIDY PROGRAMS IN CANADA
Authors: Mathews Maria , Ryan Dana
Published: September 2017

Rural residents can incur substantial travel-related costs to receive needed care. In this study, we describe and compare the medical travel programs offered by provincial and territorial governments. We conducted a document analysis of medical travel subsidy programs available in Canada to the general public. Only programs funded and administered by provincial/territorial governments were included. Based on the information that we collected, we determined there were three types of programs. Discount programs (BC) allow eligible patients to receive reduced or waived prices for travel and lodging at designated providers. Non-reimbursement programs (BC, SK) cover the costs of travel and lodging without requiring patients to pay for costs up-front. In reimbursement programs (MB, ON, QC, PEI, NS, NL, YK, NWT, NT), patients generally pay costs up-front and then submit claims for reimbursement after receiving the health service. Rates, co-payments, and maximum allowable amounts vary by program. Our findings indicated that although many provinces and territories offer medical travel subsidy programs, the availability, terms, and conditions vary widely. The study highlights regional disparities that may contribute to inequitable access to care across Canada.
LES POINTS DE VUE DE PERSONNES EXPOSÉES À LA VIOLENCE CONJUGALE
Authors: Dumont Annie
Published: September 2017

Même s’il est bien connu que le point de vue des personnes exposées à la violence conjugale dans l’enfance ou l’adolescence peut agir comme facteur de risque ou de protection, encore peu de recherches s’intéressent à la subjectivité de ces personnes et à leur façon de définir cette violence. Le présent article examine les quelques recherches qui se sont penchées sur le point de vue des personnes exposées à cette violence et sur ce que celle-ci représente pour elles. Une analyse critique de ces études fait d’abord ressortir que ces personnes ont une façon bien à elles de comprendre le phénomène, mais qu’il y a des nuances importantes, puisqu’elles ne constituent pas un groupe homogène ayant un parcours de vie et un point de vue totalement identiques. Par ailleurs, les études recensées comportent aussi certaines limites qu’il faudra surmonter dans les recherches futures afin d’approfondir les connaissances sur le point de vue des personnes exposées à la violence conjugale et de répondre de façon plus adaptée à leurs besoins spécifiques.
Investigating Spatial Interdependence in E-Bike Choice Using Spatially Autoregressive Model
Authors: Xu Chengcheng , Wang Chen , Wang Wei , Bao Jie , Yang Menglin
Published: September 2017

Increased attention has been given to promoting e-bike usage in recent years. However, the research gap still exists in understanding the effects of spatial interdependence on e-bike choice. This study investigated how spatial interdependence affected the e-bike choice. The Moran’s I statistic test showed that spatial interdependence exists in e-bike choice at aggregated level. Bayesian spatial autoregressive logistic analyses were then used to investigate the spatial interdependence at individual level. Separate models were developed for commuting and non-commuting trips. The factors affecting e-bike choice are different between commuting and non-commuting trips. Spatial interdependence exists at both origin and destination sides of commuting and non-commuting trips. Travellers are more likely to choose e-bikes if their neighbours at the trip origin and destination also travel by e-bikes. And the magnitude of this spatial interdependence is different across various traffic analysis zones. The results suggest that, without considering spatial interdependence, the traditional methods may have biased estimation results and make systematic forecasting errors.
lncRNA requirements for mouse acute myeloid leukemia and normal differentiation
Authors: Delás M Joaquina , Sabin Leah R , Dolzhenko Egor , Knott Simon RV , Munera Maravilla Ester , Jackson Benjamin T , Wild Sophia A , Kovacevic Tatjana , Stork Eva Maria , Zhou Meng , Erard Nicolas , Lee Emily , Kelley David R , Roth Mareike , Barbosa Inês AM , Zuber Johannes , Rinn John L , Smith Andrew D , Hannon Gregory J
Published: September 2017

A substantial fraction of the genome is transcribed in a cell-type-specific manner, producing long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), rather than protein-coding transcripts. Here, we systematically characterize transcriptional dynamics during hematopoiesis and in hematological malignancies. Our analysis of annotated and de novo assembled lncRNAs showed many are regulated during differentiation and mis-regulated in disease. We assessed lncRNA function via an in vivo RNAi screen in a model of acute myeloid leukemia. This identified several lncRNAs essential for leukemia maintenance, and found that a number act by promoting leukemia stem cell signatures. Leukemia blasts show a myeloid differentiation phenotype when these lncRNAs were depleted, and our data indicates that this effect is mediated via effects on the MYC oncogene. Bone marrow reconstitutions showed that a lncRNA expressed across all progenitors was required for the myeloid lineage, whereas the other leukemia-induced lncRNAs were dispensable in the normal setting.
ME31B globally represses maternal mRNAs by two distinct mechanisms during the Drosophila maternal-to-zygotic transition
Authors: Wang Miranda , Ly Michael , Lugowski Andrew , Laver John D , Lipshitz Howard D , Smibert Craig A , Rissland Olivia S
Published: September 2017

In animal embryos, control of development is passed from exclusively maternal gene products to those encoded by the embryonic genome in a process referred to as the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). We show that the RNA-binding protein, ME31B, binds to and represses the expression of thousands of maternal mRNAs during the Drosophila MZT. However, ME31B carries out repression in different ways during different phases of the MZT. Early, it represses translation while, later, its binding leads to mRNA destruction, most likely as a consequence of translational repression in the context of robust mRNA decay. In a process dependent on the PNG kinase, levels of ME31B and its partners, Cup and Trailer Hitch (TRAL), decrease by over 10-fold during the MZT, leading to a change in the composition of mRNA–protein complexes. We propose that ME31B is a global repressor whose regulatory impact changes based on its biological context.
Rethinking the role of clinical imaging
Authors: O'Connor James PB
Published: September 2017

Radiomics has the potential to improve the management of cancer patients, but further research is required before it can be adopted into routine clinical practice.
Rational design of Meso‐2,3‐butanediol dehydrogenase by molecular dynamics simulation and experimental evaluations
Authors: Pu Zhongji , Ji Fangling , Wang Jingyun , Zhang Yue , Sun Wenhui , Bao Yongming
Published: September 2017

Meso‐2,3‐butanediol dehydrogenase (meso‐2,3‐BDH) catalyzes NAD+‐dependent conversion of meso‐2,3‐butanediol to acetoin, a crucial external energy storage molecule in fermentive bacteria. In this study, the active tunnel of meso‐2,3‐BDH was identified. The two short α helixes positioned away from the α4‐helix possibly expose the hydrophobic ligand‐binding cavity, gating the exit of product and cofactor from the activity pocket. Further MM/GBSA‐binding free energy analysis shows that Phe212 and Asn146 function as the key product‐release sites. Site‐directed mutagenesis experiments targeted to the sites show that the kcat of Phe212Tyr is enhanced up to (4–8)‐fold. The original activity of Asn146Gln is retained, but the activity of Asn146Ala mutation is lost. These results could provide helpful guidance on rational design of short‐chain dehydrogenases/reductases.
Cranial sexual dimorphism in the Kinda baboon (Papio hamadryas kindae)
Authors: Singleton Michelle , Seitelman Brielle C. , Krecioch Joseph R. , Frost Stephen R.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

The smallest extant member of genus Papio, the Kinda baboon exhibits low sexual dimorphism and a distinctive cranial shape. Ontogenetic scaling accounts for most cranial‐shape differences within Papio, but studies have shown that the Kinda follows a separate ontogenetic trajectory. If so, its cranial‐dimorphism pattern should differ from other subspecies. To evaluate this hypothesis, morphometric analysis was used to investigate cranial dimorphism in Papio.

Materials and methods

Three‐dimensional landmarks were digitized on 434 adult crania representing six Papio subspecies. Size‐ and shape‐dimorphism magnitudes were quantified using centroid size and Procrustes distances. Patterns of sex‐ and size‐related variation were explored using MAN(C)OVA, multivariate regression, and form‐space PCA. Canine dimorphism was investigated using dental metrics.

Results

Kinda size and shape dimorphism are significantly lower than in other Papio subspecies. The relative magnitude of Kinda shape dimorphism is similar to other southern baboons; Kinda canine dimorphism is unremarkable. MAN(C)OVA results support subspecies differences in cranial dimorphism and scaling. Allometric and dimorphism vectors differ significantly in some subspecies, and their vector‐angle matrices are strongly correlated. The Kinda's allometric vector angles are divergent. Form‐space PC3, summarizing size‐independent dimorphism, separates the Kinda from other subspecies.

Discussion

The Kinda baboon exhibits significantly lower size and shape dimorphism than other baboons, but its relative dimorphism levels are unexceptional. The Kinda differs from other subspecies in patterns of allometry, size‐related shape dimorphism, and residual shape dimorphism. Kinda facial shape is “masculinized” relative to size, especially in females, suggesting female sexual selection contributed to the evolution of Kinda dimorphism.
The First Zero‐Length Mass Spectrometry‐Cleavable Cross‐Linker for Protein Structure Analysis
Authors: Hage Christoph , Iacobucci Claudio , Rehkamp Anne , Arlt Christian , Sinz Andrea
Published: September 2017

Combining the properties of a zero‐length cross‐linker with cleavability by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) poses great advantages for protein structure analysis using the cross‐linking/MS approach. These include a reliable, automated data analysis and the possibility to obtain short‐distance information of protein 3D‐structures. We introduce 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) as an easy‐to‐use and commercially available, low‐cost reagent that ideally fulfils these features. CDI bridges primary amines and hydroxy groups in proteins with the lowest possible spacer length of one carbonyl unit (ca. 2.6 Å). The cross‐linking reaction can be conducted under physiological conditions in the pH range between 7.2 and 8. Urea and carbamate cross‐linked products are cleaved upon collisional activation during MS/MS experiments generating characteristic product ions, greatly improving the unambiguous identification of cross‐links. Our innovative analytical concept is exemplified and applied for bovine serum albumin (BSA), wild‐type tumor suppressor p53, an intrinsically disordered protein, and retinal guanylyl cyclase activating protein‐2 (GCAP‐2).
La‐modified vermiculites for efficient adsorption of Congo red
Authors: Huang Wei‐Ya , Yu Changlin , Li Dan
Published: September 2017

In this study, we utilized lanthanum to modify vermiculite (RV) targeting at high dye removal and superior reusability. La‐modified RV materials were synthesized; followed by detailed characterizations and adsorption studies. Compared with the BET surface area (SBET) of RV (2.98 m2·g−1), those of La‐modified RV samples were increased by up to 8 times. Their adsorption performances were investigated by employing Congo red (CR) as the target pollutant in aqueous solution. An increasing loading of La in RV led to enhanced CR removal capacity. The experimental equilibrium data of the La‐modified RV were fitted better by using the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model. At the same initial concentration of 100 mg·L−1, the equilibrium capacity of CR was 32.3–80.5 mg·g−1 using the La‐modified RV adsorbents, which was 2.5–7.8 times greater than that using RV (9.1 mg·g−1). Meanwhile, the adsorption kinetics was analysed by the pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order and intra‐particle diffusion models; the kinetics followed the pseudo‐second‐order model best and the intra‐particle diffusion was not the only rate limiting step during adsorption. Superior adsorption capacity of LaRV‐0.2, which possessed 29.93 wt% La loading, was observed in the pH range of 3–9; especially the high removal rate (~94%) was observed when pH = 3. The removal rate was increased to ~96.8% in the presence of NaCl compared with 91.6% in the absence of NaCl. The as‐synthesized adsorbent maintained a superior adsorption capacity after four adsorption–desorption cycles. The capacity of the regenerated adsorbent in the fourth adsorption–desorption cycle was only 4.2% lower than that of the fresh LaRV‐0.2 sample, suggesting great potential in practical wastewater treatment. © 2017 Curtin University and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐ and Postnatal Lung Development: An Updated Species Comparison
Authors: Lewin Geertje , Hurtt Mark E.
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this review is to give an outline of respiratory tract morphological and functional development with an emphasis on perinatal and postnatal maturational processes. In view of the rising need for qualitative and quantitative data for the development of pediatric pharmaceuticals, a comparison of the human situation to experimental animal models is made, and functional data as well as suitable models for human airway diseases and functional testing are presented. Birth Defects Research 109:1519–1539, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The diminished stakeholder: Examining the relationship between suppliers and supermarkets in the Australian grocery industry
Authors: Grimmer Louise
Published: September 2017

This study examines the role of stakeholders in the context of the retail industry, specifically the Australian supermarket industry. Through the lens of stakeholder theory, it is argued that suppliers to the Australian supermarket duopoly (Coles and Woolworths) might be considered “diminished” stakeholders, that is, they lack in urgency, legitimacy, and power. Using a case study methodology, this study analyses two separate cases of Coles and Woolworths' treatment of suppliers during the period 2011 and 2014. In the two cases, Australian Federal Court proceedings were brought by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission against both supermarkets for “unconscionable” behaviour towards their suppliers. The study also examines the impact of the relationship between Coles and Woolworths and their suppliers on consumers as the end‐user in the chain of consumption. The paper argues that the ethical treatment of suppliers by supermarkets will lead to better outcomes for both suppliers and consumers and contribute to the long‐term sustainability of the firm.
Developments in the synthesis of the antiplatelet and antithrombotic drug (S)‐clopidogrel
Authors: Saeed Aamer , Shahzad Danish , Faisal Muhammad , Larik Fayaz Ali , El‐Seedi Hesham R. , Channar Pervaiz Ali
Published: September 2017

S‐(+)‐Methyl 2‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐(6,7‐dihydrothieno[3,2‐c]pyridin‐5(4H)‐yl)acetate, also known as (S)‐clopidogrel, is marketed under the trade names Plavix and Iscover. It is a potent thienopyridine‐class of antithrombotic and antiplatelet drug (antiaggregant). Among the two available stereoisomers of clopidogrel, for pharmaceutical activities only the S‐enantiomer is applicable, as no antithrombotic activity is observed in the R‐enantiomer and causes political upheavals and social turmoil in animal experiments. Worldwide sales of Plavix amounted to $6.4 billion yearly, which ranks second. Attributed to the increased demand of (S)‐clopidogrel drug, it provoked the synthetic community to devise facile synthetic approaches. This review aims to summarize the synthetic methods of (S)‐clopidogrel drug reported in the literature. The present review discusses the pros and cons of each synthetic methodology, which would be beneficial to the scientific community for further developments in the synthetic methodologies for (S)‐clopidogrel. In addition, the compilation approach of literature‐reported synthetic strategies of (S)‐clopidogrel in one platform is advantageous, supportive, and crucial for the synthetic community to elect the best synthetic methodology of (S)‐clopidogrel and to create new synthesis ideas.
Simulation and control of membrane reactors for catalytic reduction of dissolved oxygen from water
Authors: Ghavibazoo Mohsen Karegar , Golmakani Ayub , Hosseinipoor Saeid , Rokhforouz Mohammad‐Reza
Published: September 2017

Removal of dissolved oxygen (DO) from water has gained much attention in recent decades to prevent different problems such as corrosion, bio‐fouling, and performance degradation in many industries. The traditional physical and chemical methods for DO removal have found wide application in industries. However, physical methods have low efficiency and chemical methods often produce undesirable products. Therefore, catalytic reduction by hydrogen has been regarded by a variety of industries recently. In this study, catalytic reduction of DO from water is examined using membrane reactors. The mathematical model of this system is developed while considering the axial dispersion, membrane permeation, and chemical reaction. The model is solved in steady state mode and the effect of various parameters on the DO removal is investigated. The results of steady state mode are used as initial conditions for solving the model in dynamic mode. The impact of operating conditions such as water flow rate, DO concentration of influent water, hydrogen flow rate, and hydrogen pressure on the performance of the DO process is studied. Results of the dynamic simulation suggest that hydrogen pressure is the best option to be used as a manipulated variable for control of effluent DO concentration. Finally, a PI controller is implemented to control the system. The closed loop responses indicate that a PI controller would perform well both in load rejection and setpoint tracking if it is tuned accurately.
Medications Recommended for Secondary Prevention After First Acute Coronary Syndrome: Effectiveness of Treatment Combinations in a Real‐Life Setting
Authors: Bezin Julien , Klungel Olaf H. , Lassalle Régis , Dureau‐Pournin Caroline , Moore Nicholas , Pariente Antoine
Published: September 2017

Long‐term effectiveness of evidence‐based cardiovascular medications (EBCMs) indicated after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) needs to be assessed considering the combination effects for these drugs recommended in association. Using a nationwide database, we conducted a cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of all possible incomplete EBCMs‐based combinations as compared to that associating the four recommended EBCMs over up to 5 years of follow‐up. Among the 31,668 patients included, 22.9% had ACS recurrence or died during follow‐up. The risks associated with the use of 3‐EBCM based combinations were 1.46 (95% confidence interval: 1.33–1.60) for the combinations without statins, 1.30 (1.17–1.43) for the combinations without angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, 1.11 (0.98–1.25) for the combinations without antiplatelet agents, and 0.99 (0.89–1.10) for the combination without beta‐blockers. These findings question the interest of maintaining long‐term treatment with beta‐blockers in addition to the other EBCMs for post‐ACS secondary prevention.
A wide range delay locked loop for low power and low jitter applications
Authors: Estebsari Motahhareh , Gholami Mohammad , Ghahramanpour Mohammad Javad
Published: September 2017

In this paper, a design of analog delay locked loop is introduced in which new techniques are applied to eventually increase operating frequency range and reduce jitter considerably. In this design, all blocks of a delay locked loop including a voltage controlled delay line, charge pump, and loop filter are accurately designed. A new delay cell is proposed with wide delay range, in which increase of delay range results in using fewer cells, and consequently the power consumption will decrease. Current mirror techniques and feedback in the proposed charge pump also cause higher current matching and better jitter performance. This delay locked loop, which is designed with TSMC 0.18‐μm CMOS technology, has a wide frequency range from 217 to 800 MHz. It consumes maximum 3.4‐mW and minimum 2.6‐mW power dissipation in source voltage of 1.8 V, which is suitable for low power applications. It also has an appropriate lock time that is at least equal to 3 clock cycles at 217 MHz and at most 25 clock cycles at 800 MHz. Jitter performance in this delay locked loop is improved significantly: RMS jitter is 0.65 ps at 800 MHz and 2.54 ps at 217 MHz. Moreover, its maximum peak‐to‐peak jitter is equal to 5.17 ps, and its minimum peak‐to‐peak jitter is equal to 1.39 ps at 217 and 800 MHz, respectively.
Axin2‐mTurquoise2: A novel reporter mouse model for the detection of canonical Wnt signalling
Authors: de Roo Jolanda. J. D. , Breukel Cor , Chhatta Amiet R. , Linssen Margot M. , Vloemans Sandra A. , Salvatori Daniela , Mikkers Harald M. M. , Verbeek Sjef J. , Staal Frank J.T.
Published: September 2017

The canonical Wnt signalling pathway has been implicated in organogenesis and self‐renewal of essentially all stem cell systems. In vivo reporter systems are crucial to assess the role of Wnt signalling in the biology and pathology of stem cell systems. We set out to develop a Turquoise (TQ) fluorescent protein based Wnt reporter. We used a CRISPR‐Cas9 approach to insert a TQ fluorescent protein encoding gene into the general Wnt target gene Axin2, thereby establishing a Wnt reporter mouse similar to previously generated Wnt reporter mice but with the mTurquoise2 gene instead of E. coli‐β‐galactosidase (LacZ). The use of mTurquoise2 is especially important in organ systems in which cells need to a be alive for further experimentation such as in vitro activation or transplantation studies. We here report successful generation of Axin2‐TQ mice and show that cells from these mice faithfully respond to Wnt signals. High Wnt signals were detected in the intestinal crypts, a classical Wnt signalling site in vivo, and by flow cytometry in the thymus. These mice are an improved tool to further elucidate the role of Wnt signalling in vivo.
Thermal plasticity in postembryonic life history traits of a widely distributed Collembola: Effects of macroclimate and microhabitat on genotypic differences
Authors: Sengupta Sagnik , Ergon Torbjørn , Leinaas Hans Petter
Published: September 2017

Life history traits in many ectotherms show complex patterns of variation among conspecific populations sampled along wide latitudinal or climatic gradients. However, few studies have assessed whether these patterns can be explained better by thermal reaction norms of multiple life history traits, covering major aspects of the life cycle. In this study, we compared five populations of a Holarctic, numerically dominant soil microarthropod species,Folsomia quadrioculata, sampled from a wide latitudinal gradient (56–81°N), for growth, development, fecundity, and survival across four temperatures (10, 15, 20, and 25°C) in common garden experiments. We evaluated the extent to which macroclimate could explain differences in thermal adaptation and life history strategies among populations. The common garden experiments revealed large genotypic differences among populations in all the traits, which were little explained by latitude and macroclimate. In addition, the life history strategies (traits combined) hardly revealed any systematic difference related to latitude and macroclimate. The overall performance of the northernmost population from the most stochastic microclimate and the southernmost population, which remains active throughout the year, was least sensitive to the temperature treatments. In contrast, performance of the population from the most predictable microclimate peaked within a narrow temperature range (around 15°C). Our findings revealed limited support for macroclimate‐based predictions, and indicated that local soil habitat conditions related to predictability and seasonality might have considerable influence on the evolution of life history strategies ofF. quadrioculata. This study highlights the need to combine knowledge on microhabitat characteristics, and demography, with findings from common garden experiments, for identifying the key drivers of life history evolution across large spatial scales, and wide climate gradients. We believe that similar approaches may substantially improve the understanding of adaptation in many terrestrial ectotherms with low dispersal ability.
The intestinal microbiota determines the colitis‐inducing potential of T‐bet‐deficient Th cells in mice
Authors: Zimmermann Jakob , Durek Pawel , Kühl Anja A. , Schattenberg Florian , Maschmeyer Patrick , Siracusa Francesco , Lehmann Katrin , Westendorf Kerstin , Weber Melanie , Riedel René , Müller Susann , Radbruch Andreas , Chang Hyun‐Dong
Published: September 2017

Conflicting evidence has been provided as to whether induction of intestinal inflammation by adoptive transfer of naïve T cells into Rag−/− mice requires expression of the transcription factor T‑bet by the T cells. Here, we formally show that the intestinal microbiota composition of the Rag−/− recipient determines whether or not T‐bet‐deficient Th cells can induce colitis and we have resolved the differences of the two microbiomes, permissive or non‐permissive to T‐bet‐independent colitis. Our data highlight the dominance of the microbiota over particular T cell differentiation programs in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation.