bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sbírka školních přednášek a skript v Archivu Národního technického muzea (1. část)
Authors: Vácha Zdeněk
Published: December 2024

Collection of University Lectures and University Textbooks in the Archives of the Czech National Technical Museum (1st part)

The article summarizes the origins and from various perspectives also the content of the Collection of University Lectures and University Textbooks housed in the Archive of the National Technical Museum. It deals with the possibilities of using the sources for research into the history of technical schools in the Czech lands.
Jaroslav Kolár: Vědec a přítel Zdeněk Horský
Authors: Hermann Tomáš
Published: December 2024

Jaroslav Kolár: Scientist and friend Zdeněk Horský

Newly established section devoted to documents brings as yet unpublished article of the literary historian Jaroslav Kolár (*1929) about his colleague, a historian of astronomy Zdeněk Horský (1929–1988).
Vladimír J. A. Novák (1919–1997) a dějiny jedné koncepce
Authors: Hampl Petr
Published: December 2024

Vladimír J. A. Novák (1919–1997) and history of one concept (1st part)

The article presents a part of the history of the Czech biology after the WWII. It deals especially with life and work of Vladimír J. A. Novák addressing the topic of evolutionary biology, its personnel and partly also scientific basis.
Lesní řemesla a vývoj technologie chemického zpracování dřeva v raném novověku
Authors: Woitsch Jiří
Published: December 2024

Forest crafts and the development of chemical wood processing technology in the early-modern period

The article deals in detail with so called forest crafts (e. g. potash making, charcoal burning, tar and pitch making, resin extraction) and its position in the early-modern development of the chemical processing of wood.
Dobyvatelé ultrafialového světa
Authors: Pecháček Pavel
Published: December 2024

Conquerors of the Ultraviolet World

Many animals are sensitive to UV light. Furthermore, a lot of animals and plants can use UV light as a special communication signal. UV light, however, cannot be perceived by humans and its importance for communication among living organisms needed yet to be discovered. The subjects of the presented study are the two most significant pioneers in research into the function of UV light: Sir John Lubbock (1834–1913), an English polymath who was the first one to demonstrate the sensitivity of certain invertebrates to UV light; and Frank Eugene Lutz (1879–1943), an American entomologist whose research into UV light, UV-reflective patterns and their function in communication among animals or plants and their pollinators opened the way for further studies. The following development is briefly summarized in the conclusion of the article.
Ke zrodu a pádu legendy o německých atomových vědcích, kteří nechtěli z morálních důvodů sestrojit jaderné zbraně pro nacistické Německo
Authors: Grygar Filip
Published: December 2024

On the origin and fall of the legend about German atomic scientists who, for moral reasons, did not want to construct nuclear weapons for Nazi Germany

This paper deals with a debate that has gone on for more than half a century about the role of German atomic scientists during the Second World War. There have been two opposing views regarding the activity of the German physicists in the Uranium club. The prevailing and traditional version pointed out that German scientists did not want to construct an atomic bomb for Hitler for moral reasons. The second opinion holds that German scientists were working extensively not only on the atomic reactor but also on the atomic weapon. The paper interprets the latest documents, which clearly tend to support the second version.
Dějiny nejstarších fází řeckého jazyka a příspěvek Antonína Bartoňka k jejich zkoumání II. Svědectví nápisů psaných starořeckými dialekty
Authors: Hadravová Alena
Published: December 2024

The History of Ancient Greek Language and the Contribution of Antonín Bartoněk to its Study II. The Testimony of the Inscriptions Written in Ancient Greek Dialects

The linguistic work of Antonín Bartoněk has influenced the world history of studies on classical languages for a long time. His new Czech monograph Chréstomatie starořeckých nářečních nápisů (Chrestomathy of Ancient Greek Dialect Inscriptions. Brno, Masaryk University, 2011) is briefly reviewed here as a supplement to the review published in DVT 43, 2011, pp. 26–32.
Zapomenutý objev z počátků televize. Střípky ze života a díla Jana Szczepanika, zvaného polský Edison
Authors: Šmerha Vít
Published: December 2024

A forgotten invention from the early days of television. Fragments from the life and work of Jan Szczepanik, aka the Polish Edison

The article deals with a forgotten invention of the so-called telectroscope and additional inventions of Jan Szczepanik. The author of a forgotten telectroscope (an electrical device designed to transmit video images and sound at a longer distance) was Polish inventor Jan Szczepanik. According to a Czech physicist Jaroslav Šafránek (1890–1957), the telectroscope method is among the methods using selenium to record and reproduce luminous images – an element whose electrical resistance changes depending on the frequency and intensity of the impacting light. Szczepanik followed up on the work of a German physicist Paul Nipkow, holder of the so-called Nipkow disk patent.
Problematika syfilis očima lékaře Christophora Guarinoniho (1534–1604)
Authors: Divišová Bohdana
Published: December 2024

Some issues on syphilis seen by the physician Christophoro Guarinoni (1534–1604)

Syphilis has been one of the most horrible diseases since its appearance in the late 15th century. Physicians had to react to this new illness somehow, and moreover it was their duty to heal it. A very good, but quite neglected source showing how they tried to fight “morbus gallicus” are “consilia,” a special kind of professional medical literature since the Middle Ages. The author of this article used consilia for luetics by one of the best diagnosticians of that time, Christophoro Guarinoni (1530–1604), to show the picture (discourse) of treating the great pox in the second half of the 16th century by one particular physician. Among some expected and known facts like usage of guaiacum or bleeding, we can find many new facts, for example about Guarinoni, who was a Galenical doctor using very strong alchemical medicaments.
Templát – imunologický pojem ve službách genetiky. O imunologických teoriích první poloviny 20. století a jejich vlivu na terminologii molekulární genetiky
Authors: Hájková Jana
Published: December 2024

Template – immunological concept in the genetics’ services. On immuno­logical theories in the 1st half of the 20th century and their influence on the terminology of molecular genetics

The article deals with those immunological concepts from the first half of the 20th century that influenced the terminology of molecular genetics that was to come. They comprise mainly explanations of the contact between antibodies and antigens and clarifications of the fact that organisms are able to produce a huge variety of specific antibodies. This paper focuses on the term “template,” which geneticists adopted from immunology. The term “template” went through an appreciable semantic change, which came between the 1930s and the 1950s. This change documents the earliest development of molecular genetics.
Pengenalan Tentang Menjaga Hutan Untuk Menciptakan Masa Depan Hijau Melalui Kegiatan Penyuluhan di SMK Advent Sausapor Kabupaten Tambrauw
Authors: Worabai Descarlo , Beljai Matheus , Worabai Meliza S. , Tanur Evelin A. , May Nunang L. , Tampang Ana
Published: December 2024

Hutan memiliki peran penting dalam kehidupan manusia, namun kerusakan akibat eksploitasi berlebihan mengancam kelestariannya dan mengganggu ekosistem. Seiring dengan pertumbuhan populasi dan kemajuan teknologi, pengelolaan hutan perlu dilakukan secara berkelanjutan. Untuk itu, penting melibatkan masyarakat, termasuk generasi muda, dalam pelestarian hutan. Salah satu langkah strategis adalah penyuluhan kepada siswa di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Advent Sausapor, untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran dan kepedulian terhadap kelestarian hutan dan lingkungan. Melalui metode ceramah dan diskusi, penyuluhan ini bertujuan mengedukasi siswa tentang dampak kerusakan hutan serta pentingnya menjaga kelestariannya. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan 87,6% peserta merasa terinspirasi dan lebih sadar akan tanggung jawab menjaga alam. Upaya ini diharapkan dapat mendorong siswa untuk menerapkan praktik menjaga hutan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, sehingga pelestarian alam dapat terwujud.
Incidence and Management of In-Stent Restenosis in Patients with Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Muhammad Farooq  , Muhammad Naeem  , Muhammad Waseem Ashraf  , Muhammad Aslam  , Muhammad Attiq Ur Rehman Saqi  , Muhammad Abubakar
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The most prevalent complication of cardiac intervention is restenosis. After the BMS period, drug-eluting stents (DES) are the most suitable choice for stenosis treatment, particularly for patients with a high risk of bleeding. The rate of restenosis was much lower with current DES technology. The introduction of drug-eluting balloons (DEBs) is a potential breakthrough for coronary revascularisation treatments, particularly in-stent restenosis. Objective: This retrospective study was carried out to find the incidence and management of in-stent restenosis in patients with drug-eluting strains. Methods: After the hospital ethics committee's permission, patients' medical data was evaluated. Clinical and personal data were acquired from medical records. Risk variables for atherosclerosis were collected, along with baseline labs and echocardiography, to assess the ejection fraction of each patient. Classified interventional cardiologists analysed angiographic pictures to confirm the existence of ISR. Details about prior angioplasty and the kind of stent were noted. All patients with considerable drug-eluting in-stent restenosis (DES-ISR) and eligible for therapy with DEB were included in the analysis. Results: Two hundred ninety-eight patients received at least one DES throughout the research period. ISR was identified in 50 individuals (16.77%). Thus, 50 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. 2% of the study population presented with STEMI, 22% with NSTEMI, 24% with UA, and 52% presented with non-ACS. Among all the patients that had ISR, diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities found in the study population. Following coronary angiography, it was discovered that the frequency of ISR was 11(22%) in patients with Xlimus sirolimus stent, 10(20%) with Xience (everolimus-eluting stent), 13(26%) with Ultimate (sirolimus-eluting stent), and 16(32%) with Biomatrix stent. Twenty-eight patients with DES ISR who met the inclusion criteria received revascularisation with DEB. After a median of 18 months of follow-up, eight patients remained symptomatic, with 4 developing MACE, one resulting in cardiac death, and 3 requiring revascularisation. Thus, the overall MACE rate was 21%. There were two fatalities from non-cardiac causes. Conclusions: In all new-generation DES, ISR often manifests as angina. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of ISR between second- and third-generation DES.DEB technology, particularly for DES, holds potential for ISR. Our experience highlights the need for more data, including randomised studies in various patient groups.
Milas’ta Derince Barajı Su Toplama Havzasında Yapılan Kurtarma Kazılarında Ortaya Çıkarılan Bir Zeytinyağı Atölyesi ve Birimleri Üzerine Değerlendirmeler
Authors: Kızıl Abuzer , Çur Mazlum
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, Muğla ili, Milas ilçesi, Selimiye beldesinde yer alan Günlük köyünde, Derince Barajı su toplama sahasında 2014 yılında yapılan kurtarma kazıları neticesinde açığa çıkarılarn arkeolojik veriler ele alınmaktadır. Değişik yöntemlerle yapılan tespit çalışmalarında iki ayrı arkeolojik bölge tespit edilmiştir. İlk bölge, Günlük ve Sakarkaya köyleri arasında yer alan rölokasyon yolu üzerinde bulunurken, ikinci bölge Günlük köyü girişindeki işlik alanı ve çevresinde yer almaktadır. Her iki bölgede de 1. derece arkeolojik sit alanı sınırları içindedir ve yakın çevresinde arkeolojik kazı çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Bu kazılar neticesinde, yaklaşık 20x10 m boyutlarında üç bölümden oluşan bir zeytinyağı atölyesi, yaşam alanları ve mozaik döşemeler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ayrıca bu alanların kullanımının sona ermesinin ardından mezarlık olarak işlev gördüğü belirlenmiştir. Mekânların iç kısmında ve çevresindeki duvarların önünde toplam 15 adet plaka tekne tipi mezar tespit edilmiştir. Kalıntılar, kronolojik açıdan daha çok Geç Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu Dönemine işaret etmektedir.
Case Report: Managing Complications of Feldspathic Ceramic Fractures in Zirconia-Based Crowns with Feldspathic Veneers
Authors: Lolos Dan , Sorin Gheorghe Mihali  , Adrian Jantea  , Loredana Mitariu  , Daian Popa  , Roxana Oancea  , Liliana Porojan  , Mihai Mitariu
Published: December 2024

This case report describes the clinical approach in managing a fractured feldspathic ceramic layer in a zirconia supported restoration with a new feldspathic veneer; minimal intervention. The case involved chipping of ceramics at tooth 1.1, in which the damaged part was removed and replaced, sparing the tooth from further intensive preparations or changes to the zirconia framework. The technique involved in the procedure include hydrofluoric acid etching, silanization, and resin cementation to foster a high bond strength. The outcomes of the study revealed an excellent aesthetic result with the replanted veneer blending properly with adjacent teeth. This case raises evidence for using feldspathic ceramics in zirconia-based restorations and demonstrates that such complications can be resolved with stability of function and esthetics. The less invasive treatment modality and the short time taken to restore the teeth suggest the feldspathic veneers as potential solution for similar long-term dentition restoration.
Comparative Effectiveness of Intraoral Scanners and Articulating Paper in Occlusal Contact Analysis
Authors: Kui Andreea , Dumbrovca Bianca , Oriot Pierre , Negucioiu Marius , Taut Manuela , Manziuc Manuela , Fluerasu Mirela , Buzatu Roxana , Buduru Smaranda
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study evaluates the accuracy of maximum intercuspation analysis using both conventional articulating paper and three digital intraoral scanners. The goal was to determine the reliability and equivalency of traditional and digital methods in recording occlusal contact points. Methods: Ten subjects underwent occlusal contact point analysis using articulating paper, 3Shape® Trios 3, Omnicam Cerec®, and Medit i700® intra-oral scanners. Results were compared visually and statistically to evaluate method equivalence. Results: Analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in the accuracy of occlusal contact points among the four methods tested, confirming the reliability of both traditional and digital approaches. Conclusion: Articulating paper remains a reliable tool for occlusal analysis, even with the advent of advanced intraoral scanners. The findings support the feasibility of using any of the tested scanners for accurate occlusal contact analysis. This study underscores the potential for integrating both conventional and digital methods, depending on clinical needs and available technology, without compromising diagnostic accuracy.
Evaluation of the Fracture Resistance of Endocrown Restorations Prepared at Different Heights Above the Enamel-Cement Junction
Authors: Uzun İsmail , Şenel Kevser
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study evaluated the fracture resistance of endocrown restorations prepared at different heights above the enamel-cement junction (ECJ). It sought to elucidate the effects of restoration margins on biomechanical behavior and the success of restorations.
Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted mandibular molars were divided into four groups. In Group I, restorations were prepared at the ECJ level; in Group II, 1 mm above; in Group III, 2 mm above and Group IV, 4 mm above the ECJ. Restorations were fabricated from lithium disilicate ceramics using CAD/CAM technology and cemented with appropriate adhesive protocols. The fracture resistance of the restorations was tested using a universal testing machine. Data were assessed for non-normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and intergroup comparisons were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, followed by Dunn’s test.
Results: The fracture resistance of Group II (1 mm) and Group III (2 mm) was significantly higher compared to the other groups, with mean values of 1423 ± 75 N and 1389 ± 68 N, respectively (p < 0.05). Group I (at the ECJ level) exhibited the lowest fracture resistance, with a mean of 1023 ± 95 N. Group IV (4 mm) demonstrated a mean fracture resistance of 1225 ± 81 N, which was significantly lower than Groups II and III (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that positioning the restoration margins closer to the enamel-dentin transition enhances biomechanical stability.
Conclusion: Endocrown restorations prepared 1–2 mm above the ECJ demonstrated superior fracture resistance within the scope of this study. The findings emphasize the significance of preparation height in achieving optimal biomechanical performance. While lithium disilicate ceramics were utilized in this research, the study did not compare different material types. Therefore, further investigations are necessary to evaluate the influence of alternative restorative materials. Additionally, long-term clinical studies are required to validate these findings under intraoral conditions.
A TERRA CHEIA DAS PROPRIEDADES DO SENHOR
Authors: Matthias GRENZER
Published: December 2024

O Salmo 104, em forma de poema lírico, traz um amplo olhar para o céu, a terra e o mar. Percebe-se um maravilhamento com os mais diversos seres: luminares celestes, fenômenos climáticos, paisagens terrestres, recursos hidrográficos, vegetais e animais. O ser humano, por sua vez, é contemplado como parte integrante desse mundo, estando em meio a tudo que o Senhor, Deus de Israel, criou. Não goza de nenhum tipo de superioridade em relação aos seres não humanos, mas tem a tarefa de compreender estes últimos, a fim de prevalecerem convivências harmoniosas e respeitosas. O presente estudo, de um modo específico, visa ao entendimento mais exato do que o Salmo 104 traz de reflexão sobre a complexidade da vida existente neste mundo.
JUROU O SENHOR E NÃO SE ARREPENDERÁ, TU ÉS SACERDOTE PARA SEMPRE SEGUNDO A ORDEM DE MELQUISEDEQUE:
Authors: Petterson BREY  , Rodrigo SERVELI
Published: December 2024

O Salmo 110 é frequentemente destacado como uma referência messiânica no Antigo Testamento, especialmente no contexto neotestamentário – sobretudo na Epístola aos Hebreus –, onde é amplamente citado para enfatizar a natureza e o papel do Messias. A frase “não se arrependerá”, presente no versículo 4, sublinha a certeza do juramento divino a respeito do sacerdócio eterno de Cristo, estabelecendo uma conexão crucial entre a figura de Melquisedeque e o ministério de Jesus. Este artigo, portanto, propõe uma análise intertextual do Sl 110,4, adotando uma metodologia hermenêutica que considera o do texto original – em língua hebraica –, seu gênero literário e suas peculiaridades. A intenção é investigar as implicações messiânicas e tipológicas contidas no Salmo, avaliando como a expressão do juramento de Deus se relaciona com a teologia do sacerdócio de Cristo. Assim, busca-se elucidar a relevância desse Salmo para a compreensão do Novo Testamento e suas promessas messiânicas.
O ARTIGO 4º DA DECLARAÇÃO NOSTRA AETATE EM DIÁLOGO COM O LIVRO LE JUDAÏSME DE DOMINIQUE DE LA MAISONNEUVE
Authors: KIRSCHBAUM Saul , GUILHERME Maria Lúcia
Published: December 2024

O primeiro texto apresentado neste artigo é a declaração Nostra Aetate, artigo 4o, discurso da Igreja Católica publicado nos documentos finais do Concílio Vaticano II em 1965. Ele aborda as relações entre cristãos e judeus e é entendido como revolucionário, pois propõe uma aproximação através do diálogo entre as duas tradições. Tal discurso se contrapõe radicalmente ao de todas as declarações conciliares dos dezesseis séculos anteriores que legalizavam a catequese antijudaica da Igreja. O segundo texto, o livro Le Judaïsme, é de autoria da francesa Dominique de La Maisonneuve, religiosa da Congregação Notre Dame de Sion, publicado em 1978. Ele é entendido, nesta análise, como uma resposta à proposta de diálogo feita pela Nostra Aetate. Tendo como pressupostos teóricos linguísticos os pensamentos do filósofo da linguagem Mikhail Bakhtin envolvendo discursos, temos como objetivo, por meio deste artigo, estabelecer uma relação entre estes dois textos.
Pemikiran Amin Abdullah Seputar Integrasi Keilmuan
Authors: Akmal Muhammad Ichsanul
Published: December 2024

Pemikiran mengenai integrasi atau islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan, yang saat ini sedang dilakukan oleh kalangan intelektual Muslim, tidak lepas dari kesadaran beragama. Di era kontemporer, dunia Islam cenderung membuat dikotomi antara ilmu agama dan ilmu umum. M. Amin Abdullah merasa penting untuk merekonstruksi paradigma keilmuan sebagai respons terhadap kondisi ini. Dalam penelitiannya, Abdullah mengusulkan konsep keilmuan berupa jaring laba-laba teoantroposentrik-integralistik. Konsep ini menggabungkan disiplin ilmu keagamaan dengan disiplin ilmu lainnya yang saling terkait. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan, yang menghasilkan konsep dasar jaring laba-laba dengan pola integrasi. Al-Quran dan Sunnah menjadi dasar hirarki keilmuan, dengan landasan pertama bersifat dogmatik. Paradigma ini mencakup definisi bahwa Al-Quran dan Hadits menjadi landasan normatif. Pendekatan integrasi interkoneksi menghargai keilmuan umum yang sudah ada, mempertimbangkan basis epistemologi, ontologi, dan aksiologi yang mapan. Meskipun relevan dengan kebutuhan zaman, aplikasi paradigma ini tidak mudah, terutama dalam konteks pengembangan perguruan tinggi agama. Perubahan dari IAIN menjadi UIN menimbulkan kerancuan, khususnya bagi program-program studi baru. Oleh karena itu, solusi perlu dicari agar tujuan ideal dari integrasi dan interkoneksi ini dapat terwujud. Integrasi ini diharapkan mampu memberikan jawaban terhadap kebuntuan dalam ilmu pengetahuan Islam dan mengatasi kompleksitas permasalahan kemanusiaan di era globalisasi.
Aktualisasi Pendidikan Islam Masa Kini Dalam Persfektif Pemikiran Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas
Authors: Rahimi Rahimi
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini mengkaji relevansi dan urgensi aktualisasi pendidikan Islam dalam konteks masa kini dengan menggunakan pemikiran Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas sebagai kerangka teoretis. Dalam menghadapi tantangan zaman modern, pendidikan Islam perlu disesuaikan agar tetap relevan dan efektif. Melalui analisis literatur dan pendekatan kualitatif, artikel ini menjelaskan konsep ta’dib yang diperkenalkan oleh Al-Attas, yang mengintegrasikan ilmu pengetahuan dengan nilai-nilai moral dan religiusitas Islam. Tujuannya adalah untuk menawarkan solusi alternatif dalam membangun paradigma pendidikan Islam yang seimbang dan sesuai dengan tuntutan zaman. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi analisis literatur yang mendalam tentang konsep ta’dib, serta kajian terhadap pemikiran Al-Attas tentang pendidikan Islam. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa konsep ta’dib merupakan upaya untuk mengatasi pemisahan antara ilmu pengetahuan dan moralitas dalam pendidikan, dengan memperkuat identitas dan nilai-nilai spiritual dalam pembelajaran. Kesimpulannya, implementasi pemikiran Al-Attas dalam praktik pendidikan Islam dapat menjadi langkah signifikan menuju pembaruan dan kemajuan dalam dunia pendidikan Islam masa kini.
Munculnya Muluk At Thawaif dan Runtuhnya Islam di Spanyol
Authors: Zulfan Zulfan
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang awal dari kemunculan muluk at thawaif atau kerajaan - kerajaan kecil di Andalusia atau yang sekarang lebih dikenal dengan Spanyol yang menjadi salah satu penyebab runtuhnya islam di negara tersebut. Penulis memakai metode Library Research dengan mencari dan mengumpulkan data dan bahan serta sumber yang sesuai dengan topik pembahasan  penelitian untuk mengetahui beberapa peristiwa sejarah peradaban islam dimasa yang lalu. Dari hasil penelitian, Peneliti menemukan data tentang bagaimana awal mula islam masuk ke spanyol. Masuknya islam ke spanyol sangat mempengaruhi peradaban dan perkembangan negara tersebut. Dimana islam pernah meraih masa kejayaannya yang menjadikan negara tersebut sebagai pusat Pendidikan islam yang maju baik dibidang sains, filsafat, agama, kesenian, arsitektur dan sebagainya. Namun setelah beberapa abad lamanya  islam menguasai negara tersebut. terjadi pertikaian dan perebutan kekuasaan bertepatan pula dengan melemahnya kepemerintahan yang menyebabkan munculnya muluk at thawaif atau kerajaan – kerajaan kecil yang saling bertikai, kerajaan yang kuat memerangi kerajaan yang lemah, bahkan Sebagian kerajaan tersebut ada yang meminta bantuan kepada kerajaan Kristen. Hingga kerajaan Kristen memanfaatkan kesempatan tersebut untuk memerangi dan merutuhkan satu persatu, kerajaan – kerajaan kecil tersebut.  Hingga tinggallah kerajaan Granada sebagai kerajaan terakhir pemerintahan islam, yang pada akhirnya Granada pun runtuh akibat penghianatan yang dilakukan oleh Kerajaan Kristen dengan bersatunya Kerajaan Castilla dan Kerajaan Aragon untuk merutuhkan islam sepenuhnya.
Peran dan Tantangan Perbankan Syariah dalam Sistem Keuangan Global
Authors: Muhajil Ali , Asril Asril , Azhar Zahrol
Published: December 2024

Perbankan syariah telah berkembang pesat dan memainkan peran penting dalam sistem keuangan global dengan menawarkan alternatif berbasis prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi peran dan tantangan yang dihadapi oleh perbankan syariah dalam konteks global. Perbankan syariah berfokus pada prinsip-prinsip seperti larangan riba (bunga), gharar (ketidakpastian), dan maysir (perjudian), serta menekankan keadilan, transparansi, dan tanggung jawab sosial. Peran utamanya meliputi penyediaan layanan keuangan yang sesuai dengan syariah, meningkatkan inklusi keuangan, mendukung pembangunan ekonomi melalui pembiayaan proyek-proyek produktif, dan berkontribusi pada kesejahteraan masyarakat melalui aktivitas filantropi. Meskipun memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan, perbankan syariah menghadapi tantangan seperti perbedaan interpretasi prinsip syariah, kurangnya standar global yang seragam, dan kebutuhan untuk beradaptasi dengan teknologi dan inovasi. Perbedaan dalam penafsiran prinsip syariah dapat menyebabkan ketidakpastian dan keraguan di kalangan investor, sementara kurangnya standar global menyulitkan integrasi perbankan syariah dalam sistem keuangan internasional. Selain itu, lembaga perbankan syariah harus terus berinovasi dan beradaptasi dengan kemajuan teknologi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat yang semakin berkembang. Artikel ini memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang peran dan tantangan tersebut, serta menyarankan perlunya upaya kolaboratif antara lembaga keuangan syariah, akademisi, dan regulator untuk memaksimalkan manfaat perbankan syariah dan memastikan keberlanjutan serta kontribusinya dalam sistem keuangan global.
Politik Hukum Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia
Authors: Adinda Dwiana , Salam Alfah , Ramadhan Ardian , Narendra Adam , Anasti Masykuri , Yanto Jerry
Published: December 2024

Pembaharuan hukum pidana di Indonesia menjadi sorotan utama dalam konteks dinamika perkembangan masyarakat dan tuntutan akan keadilan yang semakin kompleks. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi peran politik hukum dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana, merinci konteks sejarah, dinamika politik, dan dampaknya terhadap masyarakat. Sejak masa kolonial hingga reformasi, sejarah hukum pidana mencerminkan dinamika politik yang membentuk pandangan dan nilai hukum. Dinamika politik dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana melibatkan peran partai politik, legislator, dan kelompok advokasi, yang secara kolektif membentuk arah dan substansi perubahan hukum pidana. Rasio atau alasan di balik pembaharuan hukum pidana mencerminkan visi pemerintah dan aspirasi masyarakat terkait sistem peradilan pidana yang diinginkan. Isu-isu sentral seperti keseimbangan antara keamanan masyarakat dan hak individu, keadilan restoratif, dan pengaruh global menjadi fokus pembahasan dalam politik hukum pembaharuan ini. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pembaharuan mencerminkan semakin meningkatnya kesadaran demokrasi, sementara dampak sosial dan ekonomi perubahan hukum pidana menjadi ukuran keberhasilan perubahan tersebut. Kesimpulannya, pemahaman mendalam tentang politik hukum dalam pembaharuan hukum pidana memungkinkan evaluasi holistik terhadap peran politik dalam membentuk wajah sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia.
Peran Guru Akidah Akhlak Dalam Mengatasi Prilaku Bullying di MTsS Nurul Falah Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Hamifah Ummu
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bentuk bullying di MTsS Nurul Farah dan peran guru Aqidah Akhlaq dalam mengatasinya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan subjek terdiri dari kepala madrasah, guru dan siswa. Penelitian yang dilakukan di MTsS Nurul Farah ini menunjukkan berbagai bentuk perundungan, diantaranya perundungan secara verbal terhadap teman dengan panggilan khusus, dan ejekan atau meremehkan kekurangan fisik dan intelektual seseorang terjadi di lingkungan sekolah MTsS Nurul Farah. Dalam hal ini, perlu peran aktif dari semua pihak untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya perundungan di sekolah. Guru Akidah Akhlak juga dapat berperan dalam mencegah terjadinya perundungan. Guru Akidah Akhlak harus hadir sebagai  memberi semangat kepada para pendidik, guru, dapat berperan sebagai  motivator, sumber belajar, fasilitator, demonstran, pembimbing, dan evaluator bagi murid-muridnya. Guru Akidah Akhlak juga dapat memberikan nasehat dan peringatan kepada siswa untuk menjaga tata krama dan tata krama yang baik terhadap guru dan teman sekelasnya dengan cara berbicara yang baik dan berperilaku sopan. Terakhir, guru Akidah Akhlak juga dapat memberikan bimbingan dan kontrol dalam penerapan Akhlakul karimah agar siswa terhindar dari perbuatan yang dilarang agama
Peran Teungku Dalam Meningkatkan Karakter Santri Pada Dayah Darul Muta’allimin
Authors: Azijah Siti , Saputra Rahmat , Muhammady Aan
Published: December 2024

Karakter religius dan nilai-nilai keagamaan sangat diperlukan pada era globalisasi ini, ditandai dengan adanya degradasi moral yang tinggi sedangkan tingkat kesadaran akan hal tersebut semakin rendah, maka hadirlah teungku sebagai pembimbing generasi muda yang menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter religius. Penanaman nilai-nilai keagamaan dan kedisiplinan sudah diupayakan oleh para teungku untuk meningkatkan karakter santri di Dayah Darul Muta’allimin Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Namun tidaklah berjalan dengan mudah, diakibatkan karena adanya hambatan-hambatan baik itu dari teungku, santri dan wali santri maka kedisiplinan di dayah menjadi terganggu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola teungku dalam meningkatkan karakter santri dan apa kendala yang dihadapi teungku di Dayah Darul Muta’allimin Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan wawancara terhadap teungku di Dayah Darul Muta’allimin Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Teknik analisisnya menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa peran teungku dalam meningkatkan karakter santri di Dayah Darul Muta’allimin Kabupaten Aceh Barat terlaksana dengan baik diketahui dengan peran yang dilakukan oleh para teungku seperti menjadi guru yang berwibawa, pengasuh/pembimbing yang baik, sebagai motivator, sebagai pemimpin yang berwibawa dan amanah, berperan sebagai orang tua dan sebagai motivator bagi santri Dayah Darul Muta’allimin Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Adapun kendala yang dihadapi teungku dalam meningkatkan karakter santri adalah karena kurangnya kesadaran dari santri dan wali santri terhadap peraturan dayah. Namun yang menjadi kendala adalah komunikasi antar teungku masih kurang dan kepedulian teungku terhadap kewajiban juga masih kurang.
Pendampingan Hukum Kepada Masyarakat Kurang Mampu Terhadap Perkara Waris
Authors: Hidayat Rahmad , Salahuddin  , Rizkal  , Haikal Muhammad , Furda Yani Prihatina Eka , Fitria  , Sari Dian Rahmita , Maulana M. Rian , Syuhada Iqbal
Published: December 2024

Hukum waris merupakan salah satu bagian dari hukum perdata Indonesia. Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI), ketentuan kewarisan diatur dalam buku II yaitu mulai dari Pasal 171 sampai dengan Pasal 193permasalahan waris sering menimbulkan konflik dalam keluarga. Oleh karena itu, Pendampingan hukum secara Cuma-Cuma sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat kurang mampu. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan  adalah metode PAR (Participatory Action Research), dengan 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, dan refleksi. Pendampingan Hukum ini bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pembagian warisan secara non-litigasi warga Desa Ie Masen Kayee Adang Kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh agar dapat diselesaikan dengan baik serta berkepastian hukum tanpa menimbulkan konflik. Hasil dari pengabdian/pendampingan ini yaitu mempermudah penyelesaian permasalahan hukum waris yang dapat diselesaikan secara non-litigasi karena dengan adanya kolaborasi tersebut memudahkan bagi para pihak yang akan membagi warisannya tersebut bertanya dan memohon bantuan secara Cuma-Cuma/gratis serta dapat memperoleh pengetahuan hukum pembagian warisan tersebut hingga memperoleh kekuatan hukum.
Tadris Ramadhan membangun Karakter Anak Bersama Al-Quran (Kolaborasi Pengabdian Masyarakat STAI Nusantara dan Badan Kemakmuran Mesjid Tibang Kota Banda Aceh)
Authors: Zulkifli Muhammad Yusuf , Muttaqin Reza , Jamaluddin  , Rahman Mulia , Muslem  , Suzanni  , Sapparipin  , Jamal Zaini Indra , Barat Nadi , Nurhasanah
Published: December 2024

Karakter merupakan, sifat, sikap atau kebiasaan yang mendarah daging. tidak dapat dibentuk dari kebiasaan. Pada saat yang sama, kebiasaan itu sendiri hanyalah buah dari pemikiran manusia. Dari semula, manusia mengembangkan kebiasaan-kebiasaan tertentu, namun dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, manusia dibentuk menurut kebiasaannya sendiri. Artikel ini berfokus pada pembentukan karakter pada anak melalui metode pembacaan  Al-Qur'an melalui tadris ramadhan. Metode ini dipilih karena cerita-cerita Al-Quran mengandung hikmah yang mudah diserap oleh anak-anak sehingga dapat mempengaruhi pola pikir yang berujung pada perubahan kebiasaan kemudian mengubah pola pikir dan kebiasaan sehingga anak menjadi generasi Al-Qur'an. Proses pengembangan karakter menurut Al-Qur'an meliputi identifikasi karakter, pemahaman, penerapan, pembiasaan, penanaman, penyerapan. Melalui pendidikan karakter ini diharapkan akan lahir manusia yang mempunyai kebebasan menentukan pilihannya sendiri tanpa paksaan dan penuh rasa tanggung jawab. Yakni manusia yang mandiri, dinamis, kreatif, inovatif dan bertanggung jawab terhadap Tuhan, diri sendiri, umat, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara.
Revisiting Kenya’s Diplomatic Complexity: Policy Strategies and the Recognition Conundrum of Israel During Cold War Transformative Shifts (1978-1990).
Authors: Mabeya Danvas
Published: December 2024

This study explores Kenya's foreign policy landscape during the Cold War era. It specifically examines the challenges faced in recognizing Israel from 1978 to 1990. By examining the geopolitical shifts of that period, this research offers valuable perspectives on the factors shaping Kenya's position on this important global issue.
The study explores the shifts in Kenya's viewpoint towards Israel during President Daniel Arap Moi's tenure by examining the elements and influences that molded Kenya's foreign policy choices rooted in interests and personal drives at the time frame. It raises inquiries about whether Kenya's commitment to peace and security influenced its foreign policy tactics and decisions while also reflecting on how external events and strategic reasoning in regional security landscapes could have influenced any discrepancies in Kenya's approach. 
The study delves into the exploration of how Kenya developed and implemented its policy towards Israel during that period by analyzing how Kenya harmonized the demands of solidarity groups such as the Non-Aligned Movement with systemic factors in play at the time frame specified. The key inquiry focuses on how Kenya managed the conflicting priorities of solidarity movements such as the Non-Aligned movement while also dealing with geopolitical and systemic influences that shaped its choices regarding recognizing Israel from 1978 to 1990.
Terrorism & Radicalization; an overview
Authors: Oudman Sergei
Published: December 2024

Since terrorism has been a predominant news item it has been interchangeably linked with Islam in most cases. Terrorism itself and the processes involved that lead to terrorism is referred to as radicalization. These are complex and do not fit with a standard profile nor group. A large group of variables in a person’s life makes it possible for any person to go through a radicalization process that can eventually lead to terrorism or violent extremism. Although terrorism has been around for some time, its increasingly predominant position in this century has been fueled by globalization and technology. The lack of a universal definition in international law makes terrorism and the process of radicalization a field that will divide the world for decades to come.
A Casual Affair: History, the Present, and the Forgotten Analysis of Human Trafficking in an Era of Globalization
Authors: Kurkin Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

In the midst of the 21st-century, nations have become more connected on an international level. This connection flourishes with the rise of trade that facilitates the movement of goods,  information, services, cultures, and people. A surge in trading highlights the success and dependence on a global economy that conducts itself according to western principles of capitalism. However, the ability to trade on an international scale has created a multitude of problems within a nation, yet a common predicament for many of these nations is the alarming growth rate of human trafficking. This multidimensional phenomenon divides into three main categories: sex,  labour, and organ trafficking. The examination of human trafficking requires an acknowledgment that within these subcategories they all utilize different industries within society to sustain profits in a capitalist-oriented market. Despite the abundance of complications,  this study addresses how these industries exploit vulnerable populations within a nation with respect to the unique intersectional factors that institutionalize their level of vulnerability.
Russia and Disinformation: Origins of Deception
Authors: Batiste Dominique
Published: December 2024

As technology advances, providing more complex and creative opportunities for alternative media, accurate reporting has become synonymous with exercising information literacy on not only the information provided, but also the source itself. While many rely on online news feeds and alternative media outlets, when strategically placed, these platforms have been used to effectively push ideologies and agendas that are not aligned with fact-based information. Some media outlets, such as RT, provide English-language news directed to audiences in the United States, the United Kingdom, as well as RT France, RT en Español, and RT Arabic. RT has also embedded itself on most Roku tv and other smart-tv devices bought at most local electronic stores globally. What is likely not known by RT’s 4 million YouTube subscribers and the RT America’s 375,000 Twitter followers is that RT (aka “Russia Today”) is one of Russia’s state-owned social media networks based in Moscow.
The Concentric Circle of Conflict in the Lake Chad Region: Between Youth, Exclusion and Grievance
Authors: Akinyetun Tope Shola
Published: December 2024

This article presents an overview of armed conflict in the Lake Chad region of Nigeria, Chad, Niger, and Cameroon, particularly in relation to youth exclusion and grievances. The study aims to identify the drivers of youth exclusion and grievance, including marginalization, unemployment, poverty, state weakness, and relative deprivation. While previous research has examined the drivers of youth involvement in conflicts in Africa, this study focuses on the specific case of the Lake Chad region and the role of exclusion and grievance in driving youth complicity in violence. This study also aims to contribute to the understanding of the factors responsible for the surge in violence and challenges faced by young people in the region. The analysis is based on the theoretical proposition of exclusion-grievance, which argues that exclusion and marginalization are major causes of rebellion in Africa. The study adopts a qualitative and descriptive approach, analyzing previous research and reports to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on youth, exclusion, and conflict in the Lake Chad region. The study finds that exclusion and grievance are major drivers of youth complicity in conflicts in the Lake Chad region, with factors such as poor economy, weak state presence, poverty and unemployment and poor governance exacerbating youth susceptibility to violence. It is recommended that attention be paid to the root causes of exclusion and deprivation by improving governance, infrastructure, and social services, empowering youth, and promoting employment opportunities.
The Impact of Climate Change on Human Security: Wars and Terrorism
Authors: Hadžić Faruk
Published: December 2024

The critical security studies should be not to establish "objective truth" but to enable a broader understanding of security based on respect for specific theoretical and political starting points in its conceptualization. Issues of environmental security and environmental protection are issues of overall security because they directly cause: open conflicts, have the potential to destabilize the regime, can lead to the displacement of the population, and the disintegration of the states. Regarding the geopolitical consequences of climate change, climate change consequences, such as global warming, rising sea levels, droughts, melting glaciers, and many others, significantly impact the world geopolitics. The level of conflict between states depends on how strong the ties and common interests of the entire region, states and globally. Some states depend on what the atmosphere will be like in their environment. If they are stable and economically prosperous, so will they affect neighboring countries. When climate change has reduced living resources, the economic framework played a much more critical role than religion in joining terrorist organizations. There is a need for research initiatives on how modern technologies, on the one hand, and the involvement of the younger generations and minorities on the other, can be used and increased as ways to strengthen communities' resilience to disasters and ensure an effective, comprehensive, and sustainable approach. Quality governance and leadership in the field of climate change is crucial for environmental safety.
Covid-19 Crisis, the New Battleground for the Geopolitics of China and Russia
Authors: Petroni Raffaele
Published: December 2024

The present health crisis is showing the vulnerability of a system that has in China the main world manufacturer. At the same time, it is showing how China and Russia are repositioning on the geopolitical chessboard in the aftermath of the crisis. The strength of their positions will mostly depend on the resilience of the economic and socio-political systems of the most affected countries.
“The state has a debt to us, it ended our dreams, our life projects”: Reconstructing life projects after torture
Authors: Sønneland Anne M
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The concept of ‘life project’ is at the core of several decisions in the inter-American human rights system. The concept has also become part of the legal consciousness of torture survivors in Peru and is often referred to when they describe the impact of torture and imprisonment on their lives and on the lives of their children.
Methods: The paper is based on qualitative interviews with seven Peruvian torture survivors.
Results: The concept of ‘life project’ has been included in the legal consciousness of torture survivors in in Peru, and is used to address the ways in which torture and imprisonment has impacted not only on the life project of the person targeted, but also on the lives of their children. The interviewees describe damage to their life project both regarding health and the impact of stigma, but place special emphasis on the ways in which the life projects of their children have been impacted: as a result of being imprisoned, they have been unable to take care of their children for longer periods of time, their children have been subjected to violence, and they have had less access to education. Still, the interviewees describe how they reconstruct their life projects, as well as how the concept of life project serves as a starting point for demanding reparations.
Discussion: The concept of “life project”, originating from the inter American Court of Human Rihgts, is useful for grasping how peoples’ lives are impacted by imprisonment and torture, and has become part of the legal consciousness of persons affected by serious and systematic human rights violations in Peru.
Acceptability and Preliminary Effects of Intensive Brief Trauma-Focused PTSD Treatment for Refugees
Authors: Tinghög Petter , Vågbratt Lina , Jennstål Julia , Bragesjö Maria , Möller Niklas
Published: December 2024

Background: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health concern in refugee populations exposed to trauma and displacement. Traditional treatments for PTSD often involve lengthy interventions. However, there's a growing interest in exploring more condensed, intensive treatments to improve outcomes and accessibility for refugees.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability, and preliminary effects of an intensive brief trauma-focused PTSD treatment (ITT) program delivered to refugees at the Swedish Red Cross Treatment Center for Persons Affected by War and Torture in Uppsala, Sweden.
Method: Ten participants were enrolled in the study and received ITT over five consecutive weekdays comprising Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR), prolonged exposure (PE), and physical activity (PA). Acceptability was assessed by analyzing journal notes, and clinicians’ and patients’ open-ended responses to sets of questions designed to elicit the patients’ experiences and potential adverse events. Baseline and follow-up data regarding PTSD (i.e., PCL-5 and CAPS-5), disability (i.e., Whodas-12), and anxiety or depression (i.e., HSCL-25) were collected and analyzed.
Results: The study demonstrated that ITT is an acceptable and viable treatment option for refugees with PTSD. No serious adverse events were reported, although some found the treatment very taxing. Overall, the ordeals were perceived as worthwhile. The statistical analyses showed substantial and significantly reduced PTSD symptoms, and anxiety levels i.e., CAPS-5 (Cohen’s d 1,91; CI 95% 0.77-3.02), PCL-5 (Cohen’s d 1,31; CI 95% 0.43 -2.15) Anxiety subscale of HSCL-25 (Cohen’s d 1.47; CI 95% 0.49 -2.41). Reductions in depression symptoms and disability were also observed but were non-significant.
Conclusions: The results suggest that this brief and massed treatment program for refugees with PTSD is a well-received and preliminary effective treatment option. Identifying less suitable candidates and conducting larger, controlled studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to establish ITT's efficacy in this population.