bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppressing mosquito populations with precision guided sterile males
Authors: Li Ming , Yang Ting , Bui Michelle , Gamez Stephanie , Wise Tyler , Kandul Nikolay P. , Liu Junru , Alcantara Lenissa , Lee Haena , Edula Jyotheeswara R. , Raban Robyn , Zhan Yinpeng , Wang Yijin , DeBeaubien Nick , Chen Jieyan , Sánchez C. Héctor M. , Bennett Jared B. , Antoshechkin Igor , Montell Craig , Marshall John M. , Akbari Omar S.
Published: September 2021

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the principal vector for arboviruses including dengue/yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus, infecting hundreds of millions of people annually. Unfortunately, traditional control methodologies are insufficient, so innovative control methods are needed. To complement existing measures, here we develop a molecular genetic control system termed precision-guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT) in Aedes aegypti. PgSIT uses a simple CRISPR-based approach to generate flightless females and sterile males that are deployable at any life stage. Supported by mathematical models, we empirically demonstrate that released pgSIT males can compete, suppress, and even eliminate mosquito populations. This platform technology could be used in the field, and adapted to many vectors, for controlling wild populations to curtail disease in a safe, confinable, and reversible manner.
Distinct dynamics of neuronal activity during concurrent motor planning and execution
Authors: Eriksson David , Heiland Mona , Schneider Artur , Diester Ilka
Published: September 2021

The smooth conduct of movements requires simultaneous motor planning and execution according to internal goals. So far it remains unknown how such movement plans are modified without interfering with ongoing movements. Previous studies have isolated planning and execution-related neuronal activity by separating behavioral planning and movement periods in time by sensory cues. Here, we separate continuous self-paced motor planning from motor execution statistically, by experimentally minimizing the repetitiveness of the movements. This approach shows that, in the rat sensorimotor cortex, neuronal motor planning processes evolve with slower dynamics than movement-related responses. Fast-evolving neuronal activity precees skilled forelimb movements and is nested within slower dynamics. We capture this effect via high-pass filtering and confirm the results with optogenetic stimulations. The various dynamics combined with adaptation-based high-pass filtering provide a simple principle for separating concurrent motor planning and execution.
Twin boundary migration in an individual platinum nanocrystal during catalytic CO oxidation
Authors: Carnis Jérôme , Kshirsagar Aseem Rajan , Wu Longfei , Dupraz Maxime , Labat Stéphane , Texier Michaël , Favre Luc , Gao Lu , Oropeza Freddy E. , Gazit Nimrod , Almog Ehud , Campos Andrea , Micha Jean-Sébastien , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Leake Steven J. , Schülli Tobias U. , Rabkin Eugen , Thomas Olivier , Poloni Roberta , Hofmann Jan P. , Richard Marie-Ingrid
Published: September 2021

At the nanoscale, elastic strain and crystal defects largely influence the properties and functionalities of materials. The ability to predict the structural evolution of catalytic nanocrystals during the reaction is of primary importance for catalyst design. However, to date, imaging and characterising the structure of defects inside a nanocrystal in three-dimensions and in situ during reaction has remained a challenge. We report here an unusual twin boundary migration process in a single platinum nanoparticle during CO oxidation using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging as the characterisation tool. Density functional theory calculations show that twin migration can be correlated with the relative change in the interfacial energies of the free surfaces exposed to CO. The x-ray technique also reveals particle reshaping during the reaction. In situ and non-invasive structural characterisation of defects during reaction opens new avenues for understanding defect behaviour in confined crystals and paves the way for strain and defect engineering.
Reaction inhomogeneity coupling with metal rearrangement triggers electrochemical degradation in lithium-rich layered cathode
Authors: Wang Liguang , Liu Tongchao , Dai Alvin , De Andrade Vincent , Ren Yang , Xu Wenqian , Lee Sungsik , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Wang Shun , Wu Tianpin , Jin Huile , Lu Jun
Published: September 2021

High-energy density lithium-rich layered oxides are among the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage. Unfortunately, these materials suffer from severe electrochemical degradation that includes capacity loss and voltage decay during long-term cycling. Present research efforts are primarily focused on understanding voltage decay phenomena while origins for capacity degradation have been largely ignored. Here, we thoroughly investigate causes for electrochemical performance decline with an emphasis on capacity loss in the lithium-rich layered oxides, as well as reaction pathways and kinetics. Advanced synchrotron-based X-ray two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging techniques are combined with spectroscopic and scattering techniques to spatially visualize the reactivity at multiple length-scales on lithium- and manganese-rich layered oxides. These methods provide direct evidence for inhomogeneous manganese reactivity and ionic nickel rearrangement. Coupling deactivated manganese with nickel migration provides sluggish reaction kinetics and induces serious structural instability in the material. Our findings provide new insights and further understanding of electrochemical degradation, which serve to facilitate cathode material design improvements.
Future phytoplankton diversity in a changing climate
Authors: Henson Stephanie A. , Cael B. B. , Allen Stephanie R. , Dutkiewicz Stephanie
Published: September 2021

The future response of marine ecosystem diversity to continued anthropogenic forcing is poorly constrained. Phytoplankton are a diverse set of organisms that form the base of the marine ecosystem. Currently, ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystem models used for climate change projections typically include only 2−3 phytoplankton types and are, therefore, too simple to adequately assess the potential for changes in plankton community structure. Here, we analyse a complex ecosystem model with 35 phytoplankton types to evaluate the changes in phytoplankton community composition, turnover and size structure over the 21st century. We find that the rate of turnover in the phytoplankton community becomes faster during this century, that is, the community structure becomes increasingly unstable in response to climate change. Combined with alterations to phytoplankton diversity, our results imply a loss of ecological resilience with likely knock-on effects on the productivity and functioning of the marine environment.
TNF-α-mediated m6A modification of ELMO1 triggers directional migration of mesenchymal stem cell in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Xie Zhongyu , Yu Wenhui , Zheng Guan , Li Jinteng , Cen Shuizhong , Ye Guiwen , Li Zhaofeng , Liu Wenjie , Li Ming , Lin Jiajie , Su Zepeng , Che Yunshu , Ye Feng , Wang Peng , Wu Yanfeng , Shen Huiyong
Published: September 2021

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of rheumatic disease characterized by chronic inflammation and pathological osteogenesis in the entheses. Previously, we demonstrated that enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSC from AS patients (AS-MSC) resulted in pathological osteogenesis, and that during the enhanced osteogenic differentiation course, AS-MSC induced TNF-α-mediated local inflammation. However, whether TNF-α in turn affects AS-MSC remains unknown. Herein, we further demonstrate that a high-concentration TNF-α treatment triggers enhanced directional migration of AS-MSC in vitro and in vivo, which enforces AS pathogenesis. Mechanistically, TNF-α leads to increased expression of ELMO1 in AS-MSC, which is mediated by a METTL14 dependent m6A modification inELMO13′UTR. Higher ELMO1 expression of AS-MSC is found in vivo in AS patients, and inhibiting ELMO1 in SKG mice produces therapeutic effects in this spondyloarthritis model. This study may provide insight into not only the pathogenesis but also clinical therapy for AS.
Application of 3D MAPs pipeline identifies the morphological sequence chondrocytes undergo and the regulatory role of GDF5 in this process
Authors: Rubin Sarah , Agrawal Ankit , Stegmaier Johannes , Krief Sharon , Felsenthal Neta , Svorai Jonathan , Addadi Yoseph , Villoutreix Paul , Stern Tomer , Zelzer Elazar
Published: September 2021

The activity of epiphyseal growth plates, which drives long bone elongation, depends on extensive changes in chondrocyte size and shape during differentiation. Here, we develop a pipeline called 3D Morphometric Analysis for Phenotypic significance (3D MAPs), which combines light-sheet microscopy, segmentation algorithms and 3D morphometric analysis to characterize morphogenetic cellular behaviors while maintaining the spatial context of the growth plate. Using 3D MAPs, we create a 3D image database of hundreds of thousands of chondrocytes. Analysis reveals broad repertoire of morphological changes, growth strategies and cell organizations during differentiation. Moreover, identifying a reduction in Smad 1/5/9 activity together with multiple abnormalities in cell growth, shape and organization provides an explanation for the shortening of Gdf5 KO tibias. Overall, our findings provide insight into the morphological sequence that chondrocytes undergo during differentiation and highlight the ability of 3D MAPs to uncover cellular mechanisms that may regulate this process.
Metabolic requirements of NK cells during the acute response against retroviral infection
Authors: Littwitz-Salomon Elisabeth , Moreira Diana , Frost Joe N. , Choi Chloe , Liou Kevin T. , Ahern David K. , O’Shaughnessy Simon , Wagner Bernd , Biron Christine A. , Drakesmith Hal , Dittmer Ulf , Finlay David K.
Published: September 2021

Natural killer (NK) cells are important early responders against viral infections. Changes in metabolism are crucial to fuel NK cell responses, and altered metabolism is linked to NK cell dysfunction in obesity and cancer. However, very little is known about the metabolic requirements of NK cells during acute retroviral infection and their importance for antiviral immunity. Here, using the Friend retrovirus mouse model, we show that following infection NK cells increase nutrient uptake, including amino acids and iron, and reprogram their metabolic machinery by increasing glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism. Specific deletion of the amino acid transporter Slc7a5 has only discrete effects on NK cells, but iron deficiency profoundly impaires NK cell antiviral functions, leading to increased viral loads. Our study thus shows the requirement of nutrients and metabolism for the antiviral activity of NK cells, and has important implications for viral infections associated with altered iron levels such as HIV and SARS-CoV-2.
Adipose tissue-derived neurotrophic factor 3 regulates sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis in adipose tissue
Authors: Cui Xin , Jing Jia , Wu Rui , Cao Qiang , Li Fenfen , Li Ke , Wang Shirong , Yu Liqing , Schwartz Gary , Shi Huidong , Xue Bingzhong , Shi Hang
Published: September 2021

Activation of brown fat thermogenesis increases energy expenditure and alleviates obesity. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is important in brown/beige adipocyte thermogenesis. Here we discover a fat-derived “adipokine” neurotrophic factor neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) and its receptor Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TRKC) as key regulators of SNS growth and innervation in adipose tissue. NT-3 is highly expressed in brown/beige adipocytes, and potently stimulates sympathetic neuron neurite growth. NT-3/TRKC regulates a plethora of pathways in neuronal axonal growth and elongation. Adipose tissue sympathetic innervation is significantly increased in mice with adipocyte-specific NT-3 overexpression, but profoundly reduced in mice with TRKC haploinsufficiency (TRKC +/−). Increasing NT-3 via pharmacological or genetic approach promotes beige adipocyte development, enhances cold-induced thermogenesis and protects against diet-induced obesity (DIO); whereas TRKC + /− or SNS TRKC deficient mice are cold intolerant and prone to DIO. Thus, NT-3 is a fat-derived neurotrophic factor that regulates SNS innervation, energy metabolism and obesity.
Vaginal microbiome topic modeling of laboring Ugandan women with and without fever
Authors: Movassagh Mercedeh , Bebell Lisa M. , Burgoine Kathy , Hehnly Christine , Zhang Lijun , Moran Kim , Sheldon Kathryn , Sinnar Shamim A. , Mbabazi-Kabachelor Edith , Kumbakumba Elias , Bazira Joel , Ochora Moses , Mulondo Ronnie , Nsubuga Brian Kaaya , Weeks Andrew D. , Gladstone Melissa , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Ngonzi Joseph , Roberts Drucilla J. , Meier Frederick A. , Irizarry Rafael A. , Broach James R. , Schiff Steven J. , Paulson Joseph N.
Published: September 2021

The composition of the maternal vaginal microbiome influences the duration of pregnancy, onset of labor, and even neonatal outcomes. Maternal microbiome research in sub-Saharan Africa has focused on non-pregnant and postpartum composition of the vaginal microbiome. Here we aimed to illustrate the relationship between the vaginal microbiome of 99 laboring Ugandan women and intrapartum fever using routine microbiology and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing from two hypervariable regions (V1–V2 and V3–V4). To describe the vaginal microbes associated with vaginal microbial communities, we pursued two approaches: hierarchical clustering methods and a novel Grades of Membership (GoM) modeling approach for vaginal microbiome characterization. Leveraging GoM models, we created a basis composed of a preassigned number of microbial topics whose linear combination optimally represents each patient yielding more comprehensive associations and characterization between maternal clinical features and the microbial communities. Using a random forest model, we showed that by including microbial topic models we improved upon clinical variables to predict maternal fever. Overall, we found a higher prevalence of Granulicatella, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Anaerococcus, Sneathia, Clostridium, Gemella, Mobiluncus, and Veillonella genera in febrile mothers, and higher prevalence of Lactobacillus genera (in particular L. crispatus and L. jensenii), Acinobacter, Aerococcus, and Prevotella species in afebrile mothers. By including clinical variables with microbial topics in this model, we observed young maternal age, fever reported earlier in the pregnancy, longer labor duration, and microbial communities with reduced Lactobacillus diversity were associated with intrapartum fever. These results better defined relationships between the presence or absence of intrapartum fever, demographics, peripartum course, and vaginal microbial topics, and expanded our understanding of the impact of the microbiome on maternal and potentially neonatal outcome risk.
Molecular-scale investigation of the oxidation behavior of chromia-forming alloys in high-temperature CO2
Authors: Oleksak Richard P. , Addou Rafik , Gwalani Bharat , Baltrus John P. , Liu Tao , Diulus J. Trey , Devaraj Arun , Herman Gregory S. , Doğan Ömer N.
Published: September 2021

Current and future power systems require chromia-forming alloys compatible with high-temperature CO2. Important questions concerning the mechanisms of oxidation and carburization remain unanswered. Herein we shed light onto these processes by studying the very initial stages of oxidation of Fe22Cr and Fe22Ni22Cr model alloys. Ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy enabled in situ analysis of the oxidizing surface under 1 mbar of flowing CO2at temperatures up to 530 °C, while postexposure analyses revealed the structure and composition of the oxidized surface at the near-atomic scale. We found that gas purity played a critical role in the kinetics of the reaction, where high purity CO2promoted the deposition of carbon and the selective oxidation of Cr. In contrast, no carbon deposition occurred in low purity CO2and Fe oxidation ensued, thus highlighting the critical role of impurities in defining the early oxidation pathway of the alloy. The Cr-rich oxide formed on Fe22Cr in high purity CO2was both thicker and more permeable to carbon compared to that formed on Fe22Ni22Cr, where carbon transport appeared to occur by atomic diffusion through the oxide. Alternatively, the Fe-rich oxide formed in low purity CO2suggested carbon transport by molecular CO2.
Measuring and forecasting progress in education: what about early childhood?
Authors: Richter Linda M. , Behrman Jere R. , Britto Pia , Cappa Claudia , Cohrssen Caroline , Cuartas Jorge , Daelmans Bernadette , Devercelli Amanda E. , Fink Günther , Fredman Sandra , Heymann Jody , Boo Florencia Lopez , Lu Chunling , Lule Elizabeth , McCoy Dana Charles , Naicker Sara N. , Rao Nirmalo , Raikes Abbie , Stein Alan , Vazquez Claudia , Yoshikawa Hirokazu
Published: September 2021

A recentNaturearticle modelled within-country inequalities in primary, secondary, and tertiary education and forecast progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets related to education (SDG 4). However, their paper entirely overlooks inequalities in achieving Target 4.2, which aims to achieve universal access to quality early childhood development, care and preschool education by 2030. This is an important omission because of the substantial brain, cognitive and socioemotional developments that occur in early life and because of increasing evidence of early-life learning’s large impacts on subsequent education and lifetime wellbeing. We provide an overview of this evidence and use new analyses to illustrate medium- and long-term implications of early learning, first by presenting associations between pre-primary programme participation and adolescent mathematics and science test scores in 73 countries and secondly, by estimating the costs of inaction (not making pre-primary programmes universal) in terms of forgone lifetime earnings in 134 countries. We find considerable losses, comparable to or greater than current governmental expenditures on all education (as percentages of GDP), particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries. In addition to improving primary, secondary and tertiary schooling, we conclude that to attain SDG 4 and reduce inequalities in a post-COVID era, it is essential to prioritize quality early childhood care and education, including adopting policies that support families to promote early learning and their children’s education.
Chicken bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improve lung and distal organ injury
Authors: Niu Hexuan , Song Hanan , Guan Yuhan , Zong Xianchun , Niu Ruili , Zhao Shiyu , Liu Cong , Yan Wenzaixiang , Guan Weijun , Wang Xishuai
Published: September 2021

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are associated with pulmonary protection and longevity. We separated chicken bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs); investigated whether BM-MSCs can improve lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung and distal organ injury; and explored the underlying mechanisms. Ninety-six male ICR (6 weeks old) mice were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, LPS, and LPS + MSC groups. The mice were intratracheally injected with 5 mg/kg LPS to induce acute lung injury (ALI). The histopathological severity of injury to the lung, liver, kidney, heart, and aortic tissues was detected. Wet/dry ratio, protein concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), BALF cell counts, inflammatory cytokine levels in serum, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and oxidative stress-related indicators were detected. In addition, a survival analysis was performed in sixty male ICR mice (6 weeks old, 18–20 g). This study used chicken BM-MSCs, which are easier to obtain and more convenient than other animal or human MSCs, and have MSC-associated properties, such as a colony forming ability, multilineage differentiation potential, and certain phenotypes. BM-MSCs administration significantly improved the survival rate, systemic inflammation, and the histopathological severity of lung, liver, kidney, and aortic injury during ALI. BM-MSCs administration reduced the levels of inflammatory factors in BALF, the infiltration of neutrophils, and oxidative stress injury in lung tissue. In addition, BM-MSCs administration reduced TRL4 and Mdy88 mRNA expression during ALI. Chicken BM-MSCs serve as a potential alternative resource for stem cell therapy and exert a prominent effect on LPS-induced ALI and extrapulmonary injury, in part through TRL4/Mdy88 signaling and inhibition of neutrophil inflammation and oxidative stress injury.
Oral hygiene and oral microbiota in children and young people with neurological impairment and oropharyngeal dysphagia
Authors: Fregatto Luiz Fernando , Costa Isabela Bazzo , De Bortoli Teixeira Daniel , Duarte Janaina Costa Marangon , Mascarin Aline Maria Noli , da Silveira Junior Salum Bueno , Serva Bianca Eduarda Baptistella Mesquita , da Silva Roberta Gonçalves , Junior Francisco Agostinho , Cola Paula Cristina
Published: September 2021

This study compared the oral hygiene and oral microbiota in children and young people with neurological impairment and oropharyngeal dysphagia with and without gastrostomy. Forty children and young people participated in this study: 19 females and 21 males, aged 2 to 22 years (mean age 8.6 years). Participants were divided into two groups: group I (GI = 20) with gastrostomy and group II (GII = 20) without gastrostomy (with oral feeding). Oral hygiene was assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI). Analysis of two bacteria, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, was performed by collecting saliva using an oral swab, then mRNA expression was evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The oral hygiene index had a general median of 2.2, and the two groups were statistically different (Group I: median 2.9 and Group II: median 2.0) (p = 0.01751). Bacterial analysis indicated 13 individuals with S. mutans and none with S. sobrinus. Of the 13 individuals with S. mutans, 6 were from Group I and 7 from Group II. Those with gastrostomy had worse oral hygiene, and both groups harbored the bacterium S. mutans.
Clusters formed by dumbbell-like one-patch particles confined in thin systems
Authors: Sato Masahide
Published: September 2021

Performing isothermal-isochoric Monte Carlo simulations, I examine the types of clusters that dumbbell-like one–patch particles form in thin space between two parallel walls, assuming that each particle is synthesized through the merging of two particles, one non-attracting and the other attracting for which, for example, the inter-particle interaction is approximated by the DLVO model . The shape of these dumbbell-like particles is controlled by the ratio of the diameters q of the two spherical particles and by the dimensionless distance l between these centers. Using a modified Kern–Frenkel potential, I examine the dependence of the cluster shape on l and q. Large island-like clusters are created when $$q<1$$

q
<
1

. With increasing q, the clusters become chain-like . When q increases further, elongated clusters and regular polygonal clusters are created. In the simulations, the cluster shape becomes three-dimensional with increasing l because the thickness of the thin system increases proportionally to l.
NetTCR-2.0 enables accurate prediction of TCR-peptide binding by using paired TCRα and β sequence data
Authors: Montemurro Alessandro , Schuster Viktoria , Povlsen Helle Rus , Bentzen Amalie Kai , Jurtz Vanessa , Chronister William D. , Crinklaw Austin , Hadrup Sine R. , Winther Ole , Peters Bjoern , Jessen Leon Eyrich , Nielsen Morten
Published: September 2021

Prediction of T-cell receptor (TCR) interactions with MHC-peptide complexes remains highly challenging. This challenge is primarily due to three dominant factors: data accuracy, data scarceness, and problem complexity. Here, we showcase that “shallow” convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures are adequate to deal with the problem complexity imposed by the length variations of TCRs. We demonstrate that current public bulk CDR3β-pMHC binding data overall is of low quality and that the development of accurate prediction models is contingent on paired α/β TCR sequence data corresponding to at least 150 distinct pairs for each investigated pMHC. In comparison, models trained on CDR3α or CDR3β data alone demonstrated a variable and pMHC specific relative performance drop. Together these findings support that T-cell specificity is predictable given the availability of accurate and sufficient paired TCR sequence data. NetTCR-2.0 is publicly available at https://services.healthtech.dtu.dk/service.php?NetTCR-2.0.
Strengthening reactive metal–support interaction to stabilize Ni species on the nitrogen vacancies of g-C3N4 for boosting photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Wu Guangyu , Liu Qi , Ma Li , Wu Hualong , Li Yayu , Han Jiangang , Chen Gang , Xing Weinan
Published: September 2021

A modified graphitic carbon nitride (CN) photocatalyst (DCN–Ni) is fabricated by stabilizing Ni species on the nitrogen vacancies of g-C3N4 for improving photocatalytic H2 generation activity.
Cheilocostus speciosus extract-assisted naringenin-encapsulated poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles: evaluation of anti-proliferative activities
Authors: Rabha Bijuli , Bharadwaj Kaushik Kumar , Boro Nizum , Ghosh Arabinda , Gogoi Sonit Kumar , Varma Rajender S. , Baishya Debabrat
Published: September 2021

Cheilocostus speciosus extract-assisted and naringenin-encapsulated poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles were described for anti-proliferative activities.
Applying band gap engineering to tune the linear optical and nonlinear optical properties of noncentrosymmetric chalcogenides La4Ge3SexS12−x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10)
Authors: Cicirello Gary , Wu Kui , Zhang Bing Bing , Wang Jian
Published: September 2021

Band gap engineering was applied to tune the properties of a phase-matchable La4Ge3S12 by replacing S with Se, which uncovered five new compounds: La4Ge3SexS12−x (x = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10).
Two-step in situ synthesis of CsPbX3@TS-1 zeolite (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocomposites for optical thermometric, latent fingerprints and anti-counterfeiting applications
Authors: Han Le , Han Yide , Wu Junbiao , Zhang Xia , Wang Zhuopeng , Xu Yan
Published: September 2021

A two-step in situ strategy was developed to encapsulate CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br and I) NCs in the interrupted structure of the hierarchical titanium silicate-1 (TS-1) molecular sieve, and the CsPbX3-TS nanocomposites show multi-functional applications.
Intense nano-interfacial interactivity stimulates the OER in a MOF-derived superhydrophilic CuO–NiO heterostructure
Authors: Gaur Ashish , Krishankant  , Pundir Vikas , Singh Ashwinder , Maruyama Takahiro , Bera Chandan , Bagchi Vivek
Published: September 2021

The CuO–NiO/NF catalyst shows an overpotential of 231 mV in driving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and exhibits a Tafel slope value of 100 mV dec−1. The catalyst shows 20 h of stability for oxygen evolution without significant change in the activity.
Identification of CCT3 as a prognostic factor and correlates with cell survival and invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Peicheng , Zhang Ziwei , Wang Jiulong , Cheng Zhigang , Fan Chengchao
Published: September 2021

Background: Recurrent locally advanced or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with dismal prognosis because of its highly invasive behavior and resistance to conventional intensive chemotherapy. The identification of effective markers for early diagnosis and prognosis is important for reducing mortality and ensuring that therapy for HNSCC is effective. Chaperonin-containing TCP-1 3 (CCT3) folds cancer-related proteins to control carcinogenesis. The prognostic value and growth association of CCT3 and HNSCC remain unknown.

Methods: The GEO, Oncomine and UALCAN databases were used to examine CCT3 expression in HNSCC. A few clinical HNSCC samples with normal tissues were used to detect CCT3 expression by using immunohistochemistry method. The TCGA-HNSC dataset was used to evaluate the association between expression of CCT3 and prognosis. The molecular mechanism was investigated with gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). CCK-8 and wound healing assays were used to detect cell growth and invasion of HNSCC, respectively.

Results: CCT3 expression was significantly up-regulated in HNSCC in both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, up-regulated CCT3 expression was associated with various clinicopathological parameters. High expression of CCT3 was significantly correlated with inferior survival of HNSCC patients. Knockdown of CCT3 significantly inhibited cell growth and invasion of HNSCC cell lines. GSEA analysis indicated that CCT3 was closely correlated with tumor-related signaling pathways and HNSCC cell survival.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CCT3 is a biomarker of poor prognosis and related to the process of HNSCC.
DPANet: Dual Pooling‐aggregated Attention Network for fish segmentation
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Wu Chaoyi , Bao Zhenshan
Published: September 2021

The sustainable development of marine fisheries depends on the accurate measurement of data on fish stocks. Semantic segmentation methods based on deep learning can be applied to automatically obtain segmentation masks of fish in images to obtain measurement data. However, general semantic segmentation methods cannot accurately segment fish objects in underwater images. In this study, a Dual Pooling‐aggregated Attention Network (DPANet) to adaptively capture long‐range dependencies through an efficient and computing‐friendly manner to enhance feature representation and improve segmentation performance is proposed. Specifically, a novel pooling‐aggregate position attention module and a pooling‐aggregate channel attention module are designed to aggregate contexts in the spatial dimension and channel dimension, respectively. These two modules adopt pooling operations along the channel dimension and along the spatial dimension to aggregate information, respectively, thus reducing computational costs. In these modules, attention maps are generated by four different paths and are aggregated into one. The authors conduct extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of the DPANet and achieve new state‐of‐the‐art segmentation performance on the well‐known fish image dataset DeepFish as well as on the underwater image dataset SUIM, achieving a Mean IoU score of 91.08% and 85.39% respectively, while significantly reducing FLOPs of attention modules by about 93%.
Rotor electrical conductivity and eddy current loss analysis of high‐speed permanent magnet machine with a novel composite rotor
Authors: Luo Hao , Xu Zhenyao , Zhang Yue , Zhang He , Yu Qiuhong , Zhang Fengge
Published: September 2021

The high‐temperature rise of rotor permanent magnet (PM) in high‐speed PM machine (HSPMM) is one of the main bottlenecks that limits the development of HSPMM. The main reason for the increase of the PM temperature is the eddy current loss caused by high‐frequency harmonics. In this study, a new type of composite magnetic material is studied, which greatly reduces the electrical conductivity of the PM and thus reduces the eddy current loss under the condition of ensuring the magnetic properties. The electrical conductivity of magnetic powder composites is calculated by introducing the improved effective medium model of the magnetic powder packing coefficient. Through the calculation of the porosity of the magnetic powder composite, the effects of the particle size, gradation and shape of the magnetic powder on the electrical conductivity of the composite were obtained. The model solves the problem of calculating the electrical conductivity of the powder structure composite rotor in eddy current loss calculation. The accuracy of the calculation is verified by the four‐probe method, which provides guidance for the design of a composite rotor HSPMM.
Resilient service restoration for distribution systems with mobile resources using Floyd‐based network simplification method
Authors: Jiang Lizhou , Li Xin , Long Tao , Zhou Rongsheng , Jiang Jiangfeng , Bie Zhaohong , Tian Huili , Li Gengfeng , Ling Yuchang
Published: September 2021

The large‐scale blackouts of distribution systems (DS) caused by extreme natural disasters have aroused a lot of attention. To enhance the resilience of DSs, a novel service restoration and recovery model to minimize the system‐wide load loss is proposed here, where reconfiguration systems and two kinds of moveable resources, that is, mobile sources (MS) and repair crews (RC), are considered. Then, time‐space network (TSN) is applied to model the movement of MSs and RCs over the real‐world transportation networks (TN). However, the introduction of TSN makes solving the model become a time‐consuming task as plenty of variables are involved by it. To tackle this challenge which may lead to the impracticability of the model, a Floyd‐algorithm based TN simplification method is proposed to reduce the variables without sacrificing the equivalence of the TNs before and after the transformation. Finally, the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed model are verified on a 33‐bus test DS and a real‐world DS with complicated TNs.
Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey of the Cygnus X region (PILS-Cygnus)
Authors: van der Walt S. J. , Kristensen L. E. , Jørgensen J. K. , Calcutt H. , Manigand S. , el Akel M. , Garrod R. T. , Qiu K.
Published: September 2021

Context. Complex organic molecules (COMs) are commonly detected in and near star-forming regions. However, the dominant process in the release of these COMs from the icy grains – where they predominately form – to the gas phase is still an open question.

Aims. We investigate the origin of COM emission in a high-mass protostellar source, CygX-N30 MM1, through high-angular-resolution interferometric observations over a continuous broad frequency range.

Methods. We used 32 GHz Submillimeter Array observations with continuous frequency coverage from 329 to 361 GHz at an angular resolution of ~1″ to do a line survey and obtain a chemical inventory of the source. The line emission in the frequency range was used to determine column densities and excitation temperatures for the COMs. We also mapped out the intensity distribution of the different species.

Results. We identified approximately 400 lines that can be attributed to 29 different molecular species and their isotopologues. We find that the molecular peak emission is along a linear gradient, and coincides with the axis of red- and blueshifted H2CO and CS emission. Chemical differentiation is detected along this gradient, with the O-bearing molecular species peaking towards one component of the system and the N- and S-bearing species peaking towards the other. The chemical gradient is offset from but parallel to the axis through the two continuum sources. The inferred column densities and excitation temperatures are compared to other sources where COMs are abundant. Only one deuterated molecule is detected, HDO, while an upper limit for CH2DOH is derived, leading to a D/H ratio of <0.1%.

Conclusions. We conclude that the origin of the observed COM emission is probably a combination of the young stellar sources along with accretion of infalling material onto a disc-like structure surrounding a young protostar and located close to one of the continuum sources. This disc and protostar are associated with the O-bearing molecular species, while the S- and N-bearing species on the other hand are associated with the other continuum core, which is probably a protostar that is slightly more evolved than the other component of the system. The low D/H ratio likely reflects a pre-stellar phase where the COMs formed on the ices at warm temperatures (~30 K), where the deuterium fractionation would have been inefficient. The observations and results presented here demonstrate the importance of good frequency coverage and high angular resolution when disentangling the origin of COM emission.
SWEET-Cat 2.0: The Cat just got SWEETer
Authors: Sousa S. G. , Adibekyan V. , Delgado-Mena E. , Santos N. C. , Rojas-Ayala B. , Soares B. M. T. B. , Legoinha H. , Ulmer-Moll S. , Camacho J. D. , Barros S. C. C. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Hoyer S. , Israelian G. , Mortier A. , Tsantaki M. , Monteiro M. A.
Published: September 2021

Aims. The catalog of Stars With ExoplanETs (SWEET-Cat) was originally introduced in 2013. Since then many more exoplanets have been confirmed, increasing significantly the number of host stars listed there. A crucial step toward a comprehensive understanding of these new worlds is the precise and homogeneous characterization of their host stars. Better spectroscopic stellar parameters along with new results from Gaia eDR3 provide updated and precise parameters for the discovered planets. A new version of the catalog, whose homogeneity in the derivation of the parameters is key to unraveling star–planet connections, is available to the community.

Methods. We made use of high-resolution spectra for planet-host stars, either observed by our team or collected through public archives. The spectroscopic stellar parameters were derived for the spectra following the same homogeneous process using ARES and MOOG (ARES+MOOG) as for the previous SWEET-Cat releases. We re-derived parameters for the stars in the catalog using better quality spectra and/or using the most recent versions of the codes. Moreover, the new SWEET-Cat table can now be more easily combined with the planet properties listed both at the Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia and at the NASA exoplanet archive to perform statistical analyses of exoplanets. We also made use of the recent Gaia eDR3 parallaxes and respective photometry to derive consistent and accurate surface gravity values for the host stars.

Results. We increased the number of stars with homogeneous parameters by more than 40% (from 645 to 928). We reviewed and updated the metallicity distributions of stars hosting planets with different mass regimes comparing the low-mass planets (< 30 M⊕) with the high-mass planets. The new data strengthen previous results showing the possible trend in the metallicity-period-mass diagram for low-mass planets.
Adaptive resistance of apple trees in the unstable climate of southern Russia
Authors: Nenko Natalia , Kiseleva Galina , Ulyanovskaya Elena , Karavaeva Alla , Shalyakho Tatiana
Published: September 2021

The purpose of these studies is to assess the adaptive resistance of the apple tree to winter stresses in terms of physiological and biochemical parameters, to identify the most resistant varieties for cultivation in the Krasnodar region. Objects of research are apple varieties of various origins: Orfey, Idared, Ligol, Prikubanskoe. It was found that the cryoprotective function of water-soluble sugars was maximally manifested in the varieties Orfey and Ligol, their content increased by 2.56 and 2.7 times, respectively. Soluble proteins made the greatest contribution to the formation of a protective response in Orfey and Prikubanskoye varieties in January, their content increased 1.8 and 1.9 times, respectively, compared to December. The protective function of anthocyanins was maximally manifested in December in the Orfey variety, in the bark of which their content increased by 5.6 times. Physiological and biochemical adaptation of apple varieties to low negative temperatures of the winter period is achieved by increasing the content of water-soluble sugars, proteins in anthocyanins in the bark and buds. According to the obtained data, the apple varieties Orfey and Prikubanskoye showed themselves to be more adaptive in comparison with other studied varieties and are recommended for cultivation in the Krasnodar region.
Introduction and selection studies at the Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Ryndin Alexey , Slepchenko Natalia , Kulyan Raisa
Published: September 2021

The paper deals with topical issues of biologization of introduced and selective studies, which represent new approaches to conservation and rational use of plant resources. An extensive gene pool of subtropical, flower and southern fruit crops has been mobilized at FRC SSC of RAS (Sochi). Bioresource collections include 2,650 cultivar samples, of which 20% are perennial herbaceous plants, 12% are bulbous and bulbotuberiferous, 11% are tree and shrub crops, 10 % are irises, 8 % are pelargoniums, 5 % are citrus crops and others. Based on the collections studies, adaptive assortments have been developed for the humid subtropics of the Russian Federation, research is continuing for a number of cultures. A special place in the Centre’s research is occupied by the study of the collected species of natural flora, most of which have unique, including decorative, medicinal and other properties. The collections are the basis for conducting breeding research in various areas. Over the past 10 years, 85 cultivars of flower crops have been created (including 36 pelargoniums, 13 fruit crops, 4 hazels and 1 tea plant).
Biorational method for controlling the abundance of Cydia pomonella L. in apple agrocenoses of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Podgornaya Marina , Prakh Svetlana , Vasilchenko Anfisa , Didenko Nadezhda
Published: September 2021

In the region of Krasnodar Territory, Cydia pomonella L. belongs to the dominant pests of the apple tree, against which 8-10 treatments with insecticides are carried out during the growing season. In world practice, pheromones Shin-Etsu® MD CTT, D and BRIZ® are used in apple agrocenoses for the control of C. pomonella. abstention or reduction of insecticidal treatments leads to a decrease in the pesticide load on the agrocenosis of the garden by a factor of two or more. The objective of our research was to determine the biological pheromones effectiveness in controlling C. pomonella quantity. The test was carried out in two horticultural zones of the Krasnodar Territory, in areas with different numbers of phytophage. The experiment as a result, it was found that in the experimental plots the percentage of damaged fruits in the drop was 1.3-1.5%. Fruit damage wasn’t observed in a removable crop, which corresponds to the results of the standard version, with the use of insecticidal treatments. It was found that the pheromones usage in the Black Sea horticultural zone of the Krasnodar Territory is economically feasible. Сost reduction for the purchase of insecticides amounted to 9089.2 rub/ha, a decrease in pesticide load by 70%.
Influence of drop irrigation duration with mineralized waters on soil fatigation in intensive fruit plantations
Authors: Fomenko Taras , Popova Valentina
Published: September 2021

The scientific and practical problems of deterioration of the soil fertility of apple tree plantations under drip irrigation with mineralized waters are discussed. A significant decrease in soil biodiversity was revealed, depending on the duration of cultivation of fruit plantations. A prerequisite for biologization is an objective assessment of the availability of soil nutrients under droppers, which will reduce the load on the environment as a result of the rational use of fertilizers. The necessity of biologization of garden farming and reduction of soil fatigue is actualized. The ways of solving the problem of soil fatigue and reducing the fertility of chernozem soils in fruit plantations of areas of forced use of drip irrigation with mineralized waters are outlined.
Factors affecting the quality of apple juice
Authors: Popel Svetlana , Epifanov Pavel , Yushan Larisa
Published: September 2021

This study reflects the research of technological factors of production that affect the quality of apple juice: temperature and time of sterilization, the influence of the type of used wort: gravity or a mixture of gravity and press fraction; the waiting time of the wort before the first heat treatment; as well as the presence of preheating. Regression equations have been developed that link the studied parameters and indicators of juice quality. The quantitative values of the characteristics of apple juice in the stated ranges, depending on the studied parameters, can be calculated by substituting the corresponding values in natural units into the developed regression equations.
Stabilization of wines with polymers and new bio-based carbon materials
Authors: Andreeva Veronica , Kashparova Vera , Chernysheva Daria , Tokarev Denis , Kataria Yash
Published: September 2021

Wine is a complex product which changes its properties at every production stage, however due to the different processes which take place in the production stage can result into the formation of unwanted turbidity, deposition or can lead to distortion of taste. Despite the advances in improving wine stabilization processes, the search for new materials continues. The present work focuses on clarification of wines on the basis of new polymers and carbon materials obtained from bio-renewable raw materials and byproducts from the production of 2,5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF).
The Prototype of Non-thermal Plasma After treatment System for Simultaneous Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emission in Flue Gas
Authors: Laohalertdecha Dararat , Theinnoi Kampanart , Sittichompoo Sak
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, global warming is the main environmental problems all over the world. The air pollutants mainly from the burning of fossil fuels and coal in power plants, transportation, and automobiles. There are release major point emission of the atmosphere. The nitrogen oxides are the most relevant for air pollution that contribute to the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain. Numerous methods have been studied to eliminate the nitrogen oxides such as the use low-nitrogen fuels technology, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR), wet scrubbing. The aim of this research is investigated non-thermal plasma (NTP) techniques offer an innovation to eliminate both nitrogen oxide (NOx) and soot emissions from combustion. This study is used to selectively transfer input electrical energy to electrons without expending this in heating the entire gas flow which creates free radicals in the flue gases. The simulated flue gas from combustion process is applied to the system. The results showed that the prototype of nonthermal plasma system is shown the highly efficient of NOx removal was achieved. However, the optimised of NTP operating conditions are required to enhance the NOx reduction activities.
Optimization and Characterization Freeze Dried Fish Protein Hydrolysate Production
Authors: Kongruang Sasithorn , Wisuthiphaet Nicharee
Published: September 2021

The production of fish protein hydrolysate from underutilized fish species is attracting the industrial interest for increasing the rich protein values. The central composite design was used to optimize the degree of enzymatic hydrolysis of freeze-dried fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) production by the application of commercial Alcalase on the recovery mixed small fish protein. The effects of time, temperature, pH and enzyme concentration on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of five strains of fish as Rastrelliger brachysoma (short-bodied mackerel), Rastrelliger kanagurta (Indian mackerel), Leiognathidae (Ponyfish), Amblygaster leiogaster (Smooth belly sardinella) and Selaroides leptolepis (yellow-stripe scad) were experimented. Result showed that the FSH production was optimized at 2.85%v/w enzyme concentration at 61 °C, pH 8.50 for 27 min with 89.42% DH. Mathematical model was proposed and validated under the optimum condition. The high proportion (46.43%) of smaller molecular weight <1 kDa was found in hydrolysate. Freeze-dried fish protein hydrolysate was produced and revealed that three predominant amino acids as glutamine, lysine and alanine. Based on amino acid compositions, the waste fish hydrolysate showed nutritional value and high potential for the applications of feed supplementation.