bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 as a Mass Death Event
Authors: Han Yuna , Millar Katharine M. , Bayly Martin J.
Published: May 2021

As of the first week of February 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over two million people dead across the globe. This essay argues that in order to fully understand the politics arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, we need to focus on the individual and collective experiences of death, loss, and grief. While the emerging scholarly discourse on the pandemic, particularly in political science and international relations, typically considers death only in terms of its effects on formal state-level politics and as a policy objective for mitigation, we argue that focusing on the particularities of the experience of death resulting from COVID-19 can help us fully understand the ways in which the pandemic is reordering our worlds. Examining the ambiguous sociopolitical meaning of death by COVID-19 can provide broader analytical comparisons with other mass death events. Ultimately, the essay argues that centering the impact of the pandemic on the experience of death and loss directly poses the question of how politics should value human lives in the post-pandemic world, helping us better formulate the normative questions necessary for a more ethical future.
EDIFICIO 4, TULA GRANDE: ARCHITECTURE, OCCUPATION, AND ABANDONMENT
Authors: Báez Urincho Fernando
Published: May 2021

This article summarizes recent excavations of Edificio 4 in the Early Postclassic city of Tula, Hidalgo, which, despite prior evidence of its considerable importance, was largely unexcavated. Despite changes in strategy that resulted in discontinuous rather than complete exposure, excavation successfully delineated the entire structure and exposed portions of all or virtually all of its interior rooms, revealing a layout and architectural features notably different from those of the other buildings in Tula's monumental center, and suggest that Edificio 4 had functioned as a palace whose occupants were closely tied to Pyramid B, one of Tula's two largest pyramids. These excavations provide additional perspectives on previously noted similarities between Edificio 4 and the Casa de las Águilas of Aztec Tenochtitlan, revealing striking similarities in layout which, together with equally striking artistic similarities noted previously, make it almost certain that a major portion of the Casa de las Águilas was constructed in the image of the corresponding portion of Tula's Edificio 4.
REVISED CHRONOLOGY AND SETTLEMENT HISTORY OF TULA AND THE TULA REGION
Authors: Healan Dan M. , Cobean Robert H. , Bowsher Robert T.
Published: May 2021

This article offers a revision of the chronology and settlement history of Tula, Hidalgo, synthesizing information obtained from numerous investigations and 68 radiocarbon and seven archaeomagnetic dates. Tula Chico's earliest settlement appeared while the region was under the control of Teotihuacan as one of many hilltop Coyotlatelco settlements in the region. The monumental center at Tula Grande did not appear until after Tula grew to power, presumably with the consolidation of the other Coyotlatelco polities. Extensive exposure of residential structures in numerous localities have revealed a widespread pattern of barrios containing households exhibiting a wide range of social status that enjoyed access to a wide variety of luxury items including the first reported objects of gold. Tula Grande and the Tollan phase city appear to have already been abandoned and in ruins prior to the arrival of Aztec II peoples. The Late Aztec period occupation shows a preoccupation with Tula's ruins that parallels similar evidence from the Templo Mayor excavations suggesting it was indeed the place the Aztecs called Tollan.
Formalising nominal C-unification generalised with protected variables
Authors: Ayala-Rincón Mauricio , de Carvalho-Segundo Washington , Fernández Maribel , Silva Gabriel Ferreira , Nantes-Sobrinho Daniele
Published: May 2021

This work extends a rule-based specification of nominal C-unification formalised in Coq to include ‘protected variables’ that cannot be instantiated during the unification process. By introducing protected variables, we are able to reuse the C-unification simplification rules to solve nominal C-matching (as well as equality check) problems. From the algorithmic point of view, this extension is sufficient to obtain a generalised C-unification procedure; however, it cannot be formally checked by simple reuse of the original formalisation. This paper describes the additional effort necessary in order to adapt the specification of the inference rules and reuse previous formalisations. We also generalise a functional recursive nominal C-unification algorithm specified in PVS with protected variables, effectively adapting this algorithm to the tasks of nominal C-matching and nominal equality check. The PVS formalisation is applied to test the correctness of a Python manual implementation of the algorithm.
New Evidence for the Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Gain in Alzheimer Care Instrument
Authors: García-Castro F. Javier , Holgado-Tello F. Pablo , Blanca María J.
Published: May 2021

The aim was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Gain in Alzheimer Care Instrument (GAIN), providing validity evidence based on its internal structure, reliability, item analysis, and relationships with other variables. A sample of 113 informal caregivers of people with dementia completed the GAIN, along with questionnaires assessing burden, general mental health, stress, anxiety, depression, and life satisfaction. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a single-factor structure with adequate fit indices. Reliability of GAIN scores was satisfactory, with McDonald’s omega equal to .91. Items yielded adequate homogeneity indices. Validity evidence based on relationships with other variables was provided by positive correlations between GAIN scores and life satisfaction, and negative correlations with burden, general mental health problems, stress, anxiety, and depression. All these correlations were statistically significant, and most of them were of moderate magnitude. The Spanish version of the GAIN has a single-factor structure and satisfactory psychometric properties. It is quick and easy to apply and given the association between GAIN scores and other variables, it may be used to provide information about a caregiver’s psychological health status.
Dualistic and Trichotomic Approaches in Psychological Enquiry
Authors: Weger Ulrich , Sparby Terje , Edelhäuser Friedrich
Published: May 2021

Abstract. While the trichotomy of body, soul, and spirit has been part of different folk-psychological and contemplative traditions over the millennia, more recently these concepts have ceded to a dualistic approach by which the physical world is distinguished from a more broadly conceptualized mental realm. In the current paper, we propose a renewed trichotomic distinction on the basis of epistemological considerations about the nature of thinking – which we will apply to the question about the “true self” as a paradigmatic case-study. We differentiate between a representational and an immersive type of thinking – a distinction which we argue can help illuminate facets of the (true) self that remain elusive to a dualistic perspective. We sketch a roadmap toward an empirical enquiry of the self on the basis of a trichotomic distinction and discuss implications of this approach for the study of psychological phenomena in more general terms.
Response of Surface Erosion to Crustal Shortening and its Influence on Tectonic Evolution in Fold‐and‐Thrust Belts: Implications From Sandbox Modeling on Tectonic Geomorphology
Authors: Mao Yuqiong , Li Yiquan , Yan Bing , Wang Xianyan , Jia Dong , Chen Yingying
Published: May 2021

Structural deformation affects surface processes and the consequent distribution of tectonic stress and structural deformation patterns via crustal isostasy. The associated processes and mechanisms are widely concerned topics in tectonic geomorphology. In this study, we discuss the interaction between tectonic deformation and surface processes in fold‐and‐thrust belts by sandbox experimental modeling. The tectonic deformation patterns under different conditions are studied, including the occurrence of detachment and the different crustal shortening rates. Furthermore, we discussed the influence of surface erosion and sedimentation on the spatial distribution, morphology, amplitude, and process of tectonic deformation. The results show that the occurrence of plastic detachment links the interaction of surface erosion and tectonics such as deformation patterns. Thin‐skinned structures develop when plastic detachment occurs, thus amplifying surface processes. In turn, the erosion and deposition affect the position and morphology of new structures as well as the lateral propagation and connection of isolated structures. Different shortening rates lead to different propagation distances and structure arrangements. These different tectonic conditions result in diverse drainage evolution and the specific processes of surface erosion and deposition. In general, structural development is controlled by both endogenic forces and surface erosion and deposition processes. The physical properties of detachments and crustal shortening rates play an important role in linking deep tectonic activity and surface processes. These results are comparable to natural examples, such as the fold‐and‐thrust belts along the Tianshan Mountains, thus providing new clues for understanding the mechanism of the interaction between endogenic tectonic activity and surface processes.
Changing the Culture of Fieldwork in the Geosciences
Authors: Hill Alice , Jacquemart Myl�ne , Gold Anne , Tiampo Kristy
Published: May 2021

The need to address harassment in field campaigns is growing more urgent. A new workshop provides scientists with a broad set of tools to create more inclusive, safe, and functional field teams.
A 50,000-Year History of Current Flow Yields New Climate Clues
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: May 2021

The first high-resolution historical record of Europe’s Glacial Eastern Boundary Current sheds new light on ocean circulation, ice sheet dynamics, and climate change.
Non-cell-autonomous OTX2 transcription factor regulates anxiety-related behavior in the mouse
Authors: Vincent Clémentine , Gilabert-Juan Javier , Gibel-Russo Rachel , Alvarez-Fischer Daniel , Krebs Marie-Odile , Le Pen Gwenaëlle , Prochiantz Alain , Di Nardo Ariel A.
Published: May 2021

The OTX2 homeoprotein transcription factor is expressed in the dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area, which projects to limbic structures controlling complex behaviors. OTX2 is also produced in choroid plexus epithelium, from which it is secreted into cerebrospinal fluid and transferred to limbic structure parvalbumin interneurons. Previously, adult male mice subjected to early-life stress were found susceptible to anxiety-like behaviors, with accompanying OTX2 expression changes in ventral tegmental area or choroid plexus. Here, we investigated the consequences of reduced OTX2 levels in Otx2 heterozygote mice, as well as in Otx2+/AA and scFvOtx2tg/0 mouse models for decreasing OTX2 transfer from choroid plexus to parvalbumin interneurons. Both male and female adult mice show anxiolysis-like phenotypes in all three models. In Otx2 heterozygote mice, we observed no changes in dopaminergic neuron numbers and morphology in ventral tegmental area, nor in their metabolic output and projections to target structures. However, we found reduced expression of parvalbumin in medial prefrontal cortex, which could be rescued in part by adult overexpression of Otx2 specifically in choroid plexus, resulting in increased anxiety-like behavior. Taken together, OTX2 synthesis by the choroid plexus followed by its secretion into the cerebrospinal fluid is an important regulator of anxiety-related phenotypes in the mouse.
PLK1/vimentin signaling facilitates immune escape by recruiting Smad2/3 to PD-L1 promoter in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jang Hay-Ran , Shin Sol-Bi , Kim Chang-Hyeon , Won Jae-Yeon , Xu Rong , Kim Da-Eun , Yim Hyungshin
Published: May 2021

The prerequisite function of vimentin for the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not clearly elucidated yet. Here, we show that vimentin phosphorylated by PLK1, triggers TGF-β-signaling, which consequently leads to metastasis and PD-L1 expression for immune suppression in lung adenocarcinoma. The clinical correlation between expression of both vimentin and PLK1, and overall survival rates of patients was significant in lung adenocarcinoma but not in squamous cell carcinoma. The phosphorylation of vimentin was accompanied by the activation of PLK1 during TGF-β-induced EMT in lung adenocarcinoma. Among the several phosphorylation sites determined by phospho-proteomic analysis and the site-specific mutagenesis, the phosphorylation at S339 displayed the most effective metastasis and tumourigenesis with the highest expression of PD-L1, compared with that of wild-type and other versions in both 3D cell culture and tail-vein injection metastasis models. Phosphomimetic vimentin at S339 interacted with p-Smad2 for its nuclear localization, leading to the expression of PD-L1. Clinical relevance revealed the inverse correlation between the survival rates of patients and the expressions of VIM, PLK1, and CD274 in primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Thus, PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of vimentin activates TGF-β signaling pathway, leading to the metastasis and immune escape through the expression of PD-L1, functioning as a shuttling protein in lung adenocarcinoma.
Intestinal microbiota influences clinical outcome and side effects of early breast cancer treatment
Authors: Terrisse Safae , Derosa Lisa , Iebba Valerio , Ghiringhelli François , Vaz-Luis Ines , Kroemer Guido , Fidelle Marine , Christodoulidis Stergios , Segata Nicola , Thomas Andrew Maltez , Martin Anne-Laure , Sirven Aude , Everhard Sibille , Aprahamian Fanny , Nirmalathasan Nitharsshini , Aarnoutse Romy , Smidt Marjolein , Ziemons Janine , Caldas Carlos , Loibl Sibylle , Denkert Carsten , Durand Sylvere , Iglesias Claudia , Pietrantonio Filippo , Routy Bertrand , André Fabrice , Pasolli Edoardo , Delaloge Suzette , Zitvogel Laurence
Published: May 2021

The prognosis of early breast cancer (BC) relies on cell autonomous and immune parameters. The impact of the intestinal microbiome on clinical outcome has not yet been evaluated. Shotgun metagenomics was used to determine the composition of the fecal microbiota in 121 specimens from 76 early BC patients, 45 of whom were paired before and after chemotherapy. These patients were enrolled in the CANTO prospective study designed to record the side effects associated with the clinical management of BC. We analyzed associations between baseline or post-chemotherapy fecal microbiota and plasma metabolomics with BC prognosis, as well as with therapy-induced side effects. We examined the clinical relevance of these findings in immunocompetent mice colonized with BC patient microbiota that were subsequently challenged with histo-compatible mouse BC and chemotherapy. We conclude that specific gut commensals that are overabundant in BC patients compared with healthy individuals negatively impact BC prognosis, are modulated by chemotherapy, and may influence weight gain and neurological side effects of BC therapies. These findings obtained in adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings warrant prospective validation.
Whole genome sequencing reveals high differentiation, low levels of genetic diversity and short runs of homozygosity among Swedish wels catfish
Authors: Jensen Axel , Lillie Mette , Bergström Kristofer , Larsson Per , Höglund Jacob
Published: May 2021

The use of genetic markers in the context of conservation is largely being outcompeted by whole-genome data. Comparative studies between the two are sparse, and the knowledge about potential effects of this methodology shift is limited. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing data to assess the genetic status of peripheral populations of the wels catfish (Silurus glanis), and discuss the results in light of a recent microsatellite study of the same populations. The Swedish populations of the wels catfish have suffered from severe declines during the last centuries and persists in only a few isolated water systems. Fragmented populations generally are at greater risk of extinction, for example due to loss of genetic diversity, and may thus require conservation actions. We sequenced individuals from the three remaining native populations (Båven, Emån, and Möckeln) and one reintroduced population of admixed origin (Helge å), and found that genetic diversity was highest in Emån but low overall, with strong differentiation among the populations. No signature of recent inbreeding was found, but a considerable number of short runs of homozygosity were present in all populations, likely linked to historically small population sizes and bottleneck events. Genetic substructure within any of the native populations was at best weak. Individuals from the admixed population Helge å shared most genetic ancestry with the Båven population (72%). Our results are largely in agreement with the microsatellite study, and stresses the need to protect these isolated populations at the northern edge of the distribution of the species.
The influence of different intraocular pressure on lamina cribrosa parameters in glaucoma and the relation clinical implication
Authors: Wu Jian , Du Yifan , Li Jiaying , Fan Xiaowei , Lin Caixia , Wang Ningli
Published: May 2021

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the main risk factors for glaucoma, and pathological changes in the lamina cribrosa (LC) may play a leading role. This study aimed to explore the influence of different IOP on LC parameters and the correlation between parameters and glaucoma severity. A total of 91 eyes were examined by swept-source OCT and divided into IOP ≥ 30 mmHg (group A), 21 mmHg ≤ IOP < 30 mmHg (group B), and normal IOP (control, group C). Clinical parameters and all LC parameters such as cup depth (CD), lamina cribrosa depth (LCD), prelaminar tissue thickness (PTT) and LC curvature index (LCCI) were used for statistical analysis. The bulk of parameters were greater in group A than in the other groups (group B, P < 0.05; group C, P < 0.001). PTT and Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) were thinner in group A than in group C (P < 0.01). In univariate and multivariable linear regression analysis, visual field (VF), mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, CD, LCD, PLCSD, PTT, LCCI, aLCCI, and BMO-MRW were significantly correlated with IOP changes (P < 0.05). Pearson test showed that LCD and LCCI were correlated with mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (LCD, r = − 0.420, P = 0.002; LCCI, r = − 0.449, P < 0.001) and BMO-MRW (LCD, r = − 0.245, P = 0.019; LCCI, r = − 0.345, P < 0.001). Therefore, different levels of IOP have a remarkable effect on clinical symptoms (VF, BCVA) and LC parameters, between which there may be a linear relationship. LCCI may exhibit a more significant correlation with RNFL thickness and BMO-MRW, which may further suggest that LCCI shows a better correlation with clinical symptoms under the influence of long-term high IOP.
Ubiquitin-mediated DNA damage response is synthetic lethal with G-quadruplex stabilizer CX-5461
Authors: Masud Tehmina , Soong Charles , Xu Hong , Biele Justina , Bjornson Saelin , McKinney Steven , Aparicio Samuel
Published: May 2021

CX-5461 is a G-quadruplex (G4) ligand currently in trials with initial indications of clinical activity in cancers with defects in homologous recombination repair. To identify more genetic defects that could sensitize tumors to CX-5461, we tested synthetic lethality for 480 DNA repair and genome maintenance genes to CX-5461, pyridostatin (PDS), a structurally unrelated G4-specific stabilizer, and BMH-21, which binds GC-rich DNA but not G4 structures. We identified multiple members of HRD, Fanconi Anemia pathways, and POLQ, a polymerase with a helicase domain important for G4 structure resolution. Significant synthetic lethality was observed with UBE2N and RNF168, key members of the DNA damage response associated ubiquitin signaling pathway. Loss-of-function of RNF168 and UBE2N resulted in significantly lower cell survival in the presence of CX-5461 and PDS but not BMH-21. RNF168 recruitment and histone ubiquitination increased with CX-5461 treatment, and nuclear ubiquitination response frequently co-localized with G4 structures. Pharmacological inhibition of UBE2N acted synergistically with CX-5461. In conclusion, we have uncovered novel genetic vulnerabilities to CX-5461 with potential significance for patient selection in future clinical trials.
Mucosal IFNγ production and potential role in protection in Escherichia coli O157:H7 vaccinated and challenged cattle
Authors: Schaut Robert G. , Palmer Mitchell V. , Boggiatto Paola M. , Kudva Indira T. , Loving Crystal L. , Sharma Vijay K.
Published: May 2021

Shiga-toxin producingEscherichia coliO157:H7 (O157)-based vaccines can provide a potential intervention strategy to limit foodborne zoonotic transmission of O157. While the peripheral antibody response to O157 vaccination has been characterized, O157-specific cellular immunity at the rectoanal junction (RAJ), a preferred site for O157 colonization, remains poorly described. Vaccine induced mucosal O157-specific antibodies likely provide some protection, cellular immune responses at the RAJ may also play a role in protection. Distinct lymphoid follicles were increased in the RAJ of vaccinated/challenged animals. Additionally, increased numbers of interferon (IFN)γ-producing cells and γδ + T cells were detected in the follicular region of the RAJ of vaccinated/challenged animals. Likewise, adjuvanted-vaccine formulation is critical in immunogenicity of the O157 parenteral vaccine. Local T cell produced IFNγ may impact epithelial cells, subsequently limiting O157 adherence, which was demonstrated using in vitro attachment assays with bovine epithelial cells. Thus, distinct immune changes induced at the mucosa of vaccinated and challenged animals provide insight of mechanisms associated with limiting O157 fecal shedding. Enhancing mucosal immunity may be critical in the further development of efficacious vaccines for controlling O157 in ruminants and thus limiting O157 transmission to humans.
Comparison of radiomic feature aggregation methods for patients with multiple tumors
Authors: Chang Enoch , Joel Marina Z. , Chang Hannah Y. , Du Justin , Khanna Omaditya , Omuro Antonio , Chiang Veronica , Aneja Sanjay
Published: May 2021

Radiomic feature analysis has been shown to be effective at analyzing diagnostic images to model cancer outcomes. It has not yet been established how to best combine radiomic features in cancer patients with multifocal tumors. As the number of patients with multifocal metastatic cancer continues to rise, there is a need for improving personalized patient-level prognosis to better inform treatment. We compared six mathematical methods of combining radiomic features of 3,596 tumors in 831 patients with multiple brain metastases and evaluated the performance of these aggregation methods using three survival models: a standard Cox proportional hazards model, a Cox proportional hazards model with LASSO regression, and a random survival forest. Across all three survival models, the weighted average of the largest three metastases had the highest concordance index (95% confidence interval) of 0.627 (0.595–0.661) for the Cox proportional hazards model, 0.628 (0.591–0.666) for the Cox proportional hazards model with LASSO regression, and 0.652 (0.565–0.727) for the random survival forest model. This finding was consistent when evaluating patients with different numbers of brain metastases and different tumor volumes. Radiomic features can be effectively combined to estimate patient-level outcomes in patients with multifocal brain metastases. Future studies are needed to confirm that the volume-weighted average of the largest three tumors is an effective method for combining radiomic features across other imaging modalities and tumor types.
Incorporating false negative tests in epidemiological models for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and reconciling with seroprevalence estimates
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rupam , Kundu Ritoban , Bhaduri Ritwik , Ray Debashree , Beesley Lauren J. , Salvatore Maxwell , Mukherjee Bhramar
Published: May 2021

Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed (SEIR)-type epidemiologic models, modeling unascertained infections latently, can predict unreported cases and deaths assuming perfect testing. We apply a method we developed to account for the high false negative rates of diagnostic RT-PCR tests for detecting an active SARS-CoV-2 infection in a classic SEIR model. The number of unascertained cases and false negatives being unobservable in a real study, population-based serosurveys can help validate model projections. Applying our method to training data from Delhi, India, during March 15–June 30, 2020, we estimate the underreporting factor for cases at 34–53 (deaths: 8–13) on July 10, 2020, largely consistent with the findings of the first round of serosurveys for Delhi (done during June 27–July 10, 2020) with an estimated 22.86% IgG antibody prevalence, yielding estimated underreporting factors of 30–42 for cases. Together, these imply approximately 96–98% cases in Delhi remained unreported (July 10, 2020). Updated calculations using training data during March 15-December 31, 2020 yield estimated underreporting factor for cases at 13–22 (deaths: 3–7) on January 23, 2021, which are again consistent with the latest (fifth) round of serosurveys for Delhi (done during January 15–23, 2021) with an estimated 56.13% IgG antibody prevalence, yielding an estimated range for the underreporting factor for cases at 17–21. Together, these updated estimates imply approximately 92–96% cases in Delhi remained unreported (January 23, 2021). Such model-based estimates, updated with latest data, provide a viable alternative to repeated resource-intensive serosurveys for tracking unreported cases and deaths and gauging the true extent of the pandemic.
Multiple social network influences can generate unexpected environmental outcomes
Authors: Yletyinen J. , Perry G. L. W. , Stahlmann-Brown P. , Pech R. , Tylianakis J. M.
Published: May 2021

Understanding the function of social networks can make a critical contribution to achieving desirable environmental outcomes. Social-ecological systems are complex, adaptive systems in which environmental decision makers adapt to a changing social and ecological context. However, it remains unclear how multiple social influences interact with environmental feedbacks to generate environmental outcomes. Based on national-scale survey data and a social-ecological agent-based model in the context of voluntary private land conservation, our results suggest that social influences can operate synergistically or antagonistically, thereby enabling behaviors to spread by two or more mechanisms that amplify each other’s effects. Furthermore, information through social networks may indirectly affect and respond to isolated individuals through environmental change. The interplay of social influences can, therefore, explain the success or failure of conservation outcomes emerging from collective behavior. To understand the capacity of social influence to generate environmental outcomes, social networks must not be seen as ‘closed systems’; rather, the outcomes of environmental interventions depend on feedbacks between the environment and different components of the social system.
In vivo cell proliferation analysis and cell-tracing reveal the global cellular dynamics of periodontal ligament cells under mechanical-loading
Authors: Mizukoshi Masaru , Kaku Masaru , Thant Lay , Kitami Kohei , Arai Moe , Saito Isao , Uoshima Katsumi
Published: May 2021

Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a uniquely differentiated tissue that anchors the tooth to the alveolar bone socket and plays key roles in oral function. PDL cells can respond rapidly to mechanical stimuli, resulting in accelerated tissue remodeling. Cell proliferation is an initial event in tissue remodeling and participates in maintaining the cell supply; therefore, analyzing cell-proliferative activity might provide a comprehensive view of cellular dynamics at the tissue level. In this study, we investigated proliferating cells in mouse molar PDL during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM)-induced tissue remodeling. Our results demonstrated that the mechanical stimuli evoked a dynamic change in the proliferative-cell profile at the entire PDL. Additionally, cell-tracing analysis revealed that the proliferated cells underwent further division and subsequently contributed to tissue remodeling. Moreover, OTM-induced proliferating cells expressed various molecular markers that most likely arise from a wide range of cell types, indicating the lineage plasticity of PDL cells in vivo. Although further studies are required, these findings partially elucidated the global views of the cell trajectory in mouse molar PDL under mechanical-loading conditions, which is vital for understanding the cellular dynamics of the PDL and beneficial for dental treatment in humans.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of regional risk factors for critical outcomes of COVID-19 during early phase of the pandemic
Authors: Kim Hyung-Jun , Hwang Hyeontaek , Hong Hyunsook , Yim Jae-Joon , Lee Jinwoo
Published: May 2021

The mortality rates of COVID-19 vary across the globe. While some risk factors for poor prognosis of the disease are known, regional differences are suspected. We reviewed the risk factors for critical outcomes of COVID-19 according to the location of the infected patients, from various literature databases from January 1 through June 8, 2020. Candidate variables to predict the outcome included patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, symptoms, and laboratory findings. The risk factors in the overall population included sex, age, and all inspected underlying medical conditions. Symptoms of dyspnea, anorexia, dizziness, fatigue, and certain laboratory findings were also indicators of the critical outcome. Underlying respiratory disease was associated higher risk of the critical outcome in studies from Asia and Europe, but not North America. Underlying hepatic disease was associated with a higher risk of the critical outcome from Europe, but not from Asia and North America. Symptoms of vomiting, anorexia, dizziness, and fatigue were significantly associated with the critical outcome in studies from Asia, but not from Europe and North America. Hemoglobin and platelet count affected patients differently in Asia compared to those in Europe and North America. Such regional discrepancies should be considered when treating patients with COVID-19.
Multi-channel transorbital electrical stimulation for effective stimulation of posterior retina
Authors: Lee Sangjun , Park Jimin , Kwon Jinuk , Kim Dong Hwan , Im Chang-Hwan
Published: May 2021

Transorbital electrical stimulation (tES) has been studied as a new noninvasive method for treating intractable eye diseases by delivering weak electrical current to the eye through a pair of electrodes attached to the skin around the eye. Studies have reported that the therapeutic effect of tES is determined by the effective stimulation of retinal cells that are densely distributed in the posterior part of the retina. However, in conventional tES with a pair of electrodes, a greater portion of the electric field is delivered to the anterior part of the retina. In this study, to address this issue, a new electrode montage with multiple electrodes was proposed for the effective delivery of electric fields to the posterior retina. Electric field analysis based on the finite element method was performed with a realistic human head model, and optimal injection currents were determined using constrained convex optimization. The resultant electric field distributions showed that the proposed multi-channel tES enables a more effective stimulation of the posterior retina than the conventional tES with a pair of electrodes.
Network pharmacology integrated with experimental validation revealed the anti-inflammatory effects of Andrographis paniculata
Authors: Zhu Naiqiang , Hou Jingyi , Yang Ning
Published: May 2021

Inflammation is a key factor in the development and complications of various diseases because it has a complex pathogenesis. Andrographis paniculate (Burm. f.) Nees (Chuan Xinlian) is a well-known form of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) applied in clearing heat and detoxification. Also, it is rich in bioactive lactones, with various anti-inflammatory activities. Here, network pharmacology combined with molecular biology experimental approach was used to predict and verify the potential molecular mechanism of Chuan Xinlian in treating inflammation. The bioactive ingredients of Chuan Xinlian were obtained from the TCMSP database and literature. Besides, the targets of Chuan Xinlian and inflammation were collected based on the multi-source databases and used to generate the PPI network. Network topology analysis and functional enrichment analysis were used to screen hub genes and their mechanisms. Molecular docking simulation was performed to evaluate the binding activity between the predicted hub genes and the bioactive ingredients. Additionally, LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cell inflammatory response, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to validate the efficacy of the Chuan Xinlian in the treatment of inflammation. Network analysis outcomes indicated that five targets (IL-6, VEGFA, PTGST2, TNF-α, and MMP-9) were identified as the key targets of Chuan Xinlian in the treatment of inflammation. Further, molecular docking findings revealed that the majority of the bioactive ingredients exhibited a strong binding efficacy towards the predicted hub genes. Functional analysis results showed that the potential mechanisms were primarily concentrated in key pathways including cancer, immunology, and inflammation process. Moreover, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis indicated that Chuan Xinlian extract suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators with anti-inflammatory effects. Our study shows that Chuan Xinlian potentially exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via key pathways including cancer, immunology, and inflammation process. This suggests that Chuan Xinlian has a potential anti-inflammatory action, thereby providing a scientific reference for clinical studies.
A candidate gene identified in converting platycoside E to platycodin D from Platycodon grandiflorus by transcriptome and main metabolites analysis
Authors: Su Xinglong , Liu Yingying , Han Lu , Wang Zhaojian , Cao Mengyang , Wu Liping , Jiang Weimin , Meng Fei , Guo Xiaohu , Yu Nianjun , Gui Shuangying , Xing Shihai , Peng Daiyin
Published: May 2021

Platycodin D and platycoside E are two triterpenoid saponins in Platycodon grandiflorus, differing only by two glycosyl groups structurally. Studies have shown β-Glucosidase from bacteria can convert platycoside E to platycodin D, indicating the potential existence of similar enzymes in P. grandiflorus. An L9(34) orthogonal experiment was performed to establish a protocol for calli induction as follows: the optimal explant is stems with nodes and the optimum medium formula is MS + NAA 1.0 mg/L + 6-BA 0.5 mg/L to obtain callus for experimental use. The platycodin D, platycoside E and total polysaccharides content between callus and plant organs varied wildly. Platycodin D and total polysaccharide content of calli was found higher than that of leaves. While, platycoside E and total polysaccharide content of calli was found lower than that of leaves. Associating platycodin D and platycoside E content with the expression level of genes involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis between calli and leaves, three contigs were screened as putative sequences of β-Glucosidase gene converting platycoside E to platycodin D. Besides, we inferred that some transcription factors can regulate the expression of key enzymes involved in triterpernoid saponins and polysaccharides biosynthesis pathway of P. grandiflorus. Totally, a candidate gene encoding enzyme involved in converting platycoside E to platycodin D, and putative genes involved in polysaccharide synthesis in P. grandiflorus had been identified. This study will help uncover the molecular mechanism of triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis in P. grandiflorus.
Characterizing the impact of MnO2 addition on the efficiency of Fe0/H2O systems
Authors: Cao Viet , Alyoussef Ghinwa , Gatcha-Bandjun Nadège , Gwenzi Willis , Noubactep Chicgoua
Published: May 2021

The role of manganese dioxide (MnO2) in the process of water treatment using metallic iron (Fe0/H2O) was investigated in quiescent batch experiments for t ≤ 60 d. MnO2 was used as an agent to control the availability of solid iron corrosion products (FeCPs) while methylene blue (MB) was an indicator of reactivity. The investigated systems were: (1) Fe0, (2) MnO2, (3) sand, (4) Fe0/sand, (5) Fe0/MnO2, and (6) Fe0/sand/MnO2. The experiments were performed in test tubes each containing 22.0 mL of MB (10 mg L−1) and the solid aggregates. The initial pH value was 8.2. Each system was characterized for the final concentration of H+, Fe, and MB. Results show no detectable level of dissolved iron after 47 days. Final pH values varied from 7.4 to 9.8. The MB discoloration efficiency varies from 40 to 80% as the MnO2 loading increases from 2.3 to 45 g L−1. MB discoloration is only quantitative when the operational fixation capacity of MnO2 for Fe2+ was exhausted. This corresponds to the event where adsorption and co-precipitation with FeCPs is intensive. Adsorption and co-precipitation are thus the fundamental mechanisms of decontamination in Fe0/H2O systems. Hybrid Fe0/MnO2 systems are potential candidates for the design of more sustainable Fe0 filters.
Plantar mechanical stimulation attenuates protein synthesis decline in disused skeletal muscle via modulation of nitric oxide level
Authors: Tyganov Sergey A. , Mochalova Ekaterina , Belova Svetlana , Sharlo Kristina , Rozhkov Sergey , Kalashnikov Vitaliy , Turtikova Olga , Mirzoev Timur , Shenkman Boris
Published: May 2021

Both research conducted under microgravity conditions and ground-based space analog studies have shown that air pump-based plantar mechanical stimulation (PMS) of cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the sole of the foot is able to increase neuromuscular activity in the musculature of the lower limbs. This type of stimulation is able to attenuate unloading-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and impaired muscle function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PMS on anabolic signaling pathways in rat soleus muscle following 7-day hindlimb suspension (HS) and to elucidate if the effects of PMS on anabolic processes would be NO-dependent. The soles of the feet were stimulated with a frequency of 1-s inflation/1-s deflation with a total of 20 min followed by 10 min rest. This cycle was repeated for 4 h each day. We observed a decrease in the soleus muscle mass after 7-day HS, which was not prevented by PMS. We also observed a decrease in slow-type fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) by 56%, which significantly exceeded a decrease (–22%) in fast-type fiber CSA. PMS prevented a reduction in slow-twitch fiber CSA, but had no effect on fast-twitch fiber CSA. PMS prevented a 63% decrease in protein synthesis after 7-day HS as well as changes in several key anabolic signaling regulators, such as p70S6k, 4E-BP1, GSK3β, eEF-2, p90RSK. PMS also prevented a decrease in the markers of translational capacity (18S and 28S rRNA, c-myc, 45S pre-rRNA). Some effects of PMS on anabolic signaling were altered due to NO-synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) administration. Thus, PMS is able to partially prevent atrophic processes in rat soleus muscle during 7-day HS, affecting slow-type muscle fibers. This effect is mediated by alterations in anabolic signaling pathways and may depend on NO-synthase activity.
Publisher Correction: Biogeography of the cosmopolitan terrestrial diatom Hantzschia amphioxys sensu lato based on molecular and morphological data
Authors: Maltsev Yevhen , Maltseva Svetlana , Kociolek John Patrick , Jahn Regine , Kulikovskiy Maxim
Published: May 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A graphene oxide coated tapered microfiber acting as a super-sensor for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jia Hao , Zhang Ao , Yang Yuquan , Cui Yaqi , Xu Jianrong , Jiang Hewei , Tao Shengce , Zhang Dawei , Zeng Heping , Hou Zhaoyuan , Feng Jijun
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 is a new strain of highly contagious coronavirus. Now, an innovative approach to detect it by combining DNA/RNA oligomers as aptamers and a GO coated optical microfiber as a sensor system.
Self-organization of 1,6-dialkyl-3a,6a-diphenylglycolurils in the crystalline state
Authors: Karnoukhova Valentina A. , Baranov Vladimir V. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Kravchenko Angelina N. , Fedyanin Ivan V.
Published: May 2021

Glycolurils with hydrophobic substituents readily form solids with low-energy surfaces and hydrophobic properties.
A novel spin-valley-coupled nodal-ring semimetal in single-layer Ta2C3
Authors: Pang Zhao-xia , Zhao Yong-chun , Ji Wei-Xiao , Wang Yong , Li Ping
Published: May 2021

The 2D spin-valley-coupled nodal-ring semimetal Ta2C3 forms closed rings, valley splitting and spin polarization with SOC. The massless Dirac fermions in the non-equivalent valley have opposite Berry curvature and spin moment.
Destruction and reconstruction of UO22+ using gas-phase reactions
Authors: Van Stipdonk Michael J. , Perez Evan H. , Metzler Luke J. , Bubas Amanda R. , Corcovilos Theodore , Somogyi Arpad
Published: May 2021

While the strong axial UO bonds confer high stability and inertness to UO22+, it has been shown that the axial oxo ligands can be eliminated or replaced in the gas-phase using collision-induced dissociation (CID) reactions
Effect of an additional donor on decene formation in ethylene oligomerization catalyzed by a Cr/PCCP system: a combined experimental and DFT study
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Liu Lin , Ma Xufeng , Liu Yao , Mi Puke , Liu Zhen , Zhang Jun
Published: May 2021

Cr catalyst based on a PCCP ligand shows high activity in ethylene oligomerization, giving 1-hexene and considerable C10 fraction. DFT calculation results are consistent with the experimental observations on the distribution of C10 isomers.
Concluding remarks: The age of molecular movies
Authors: Ivanov Misha
Published: May 2021

Chiral current generated by coherent electronic excitation of a chiralmolecule. Image courtesy of A. Ordonez, D. Ayuso and O. Smirnova.
Preface
Authors: Dixit Gopal , Kirrander Adam
Published: May 2021

Adam Kirrander and Gopal Dixit introduce the Faraday Discussion volume on Time-resolved imaging of photo-induced dynamics.
Novel thiazoline–coumarin hybrid compounds containing sugar moieties: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study as antiproliferative agents
Authors: Ngoc Toan Vu , Dinh Thanh Nguyen
Published: May 2021

1,3-Thiadiazoline–coumarin hybrid compounds containing d-glucose and d-galactose moieties have the cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HepG2, HeLa, SK-Mel-2, and LU-1 cells and also EGFR and HER2 kinases. Molecular docking showed key roles in enhancing potency against both enzymes.
Interface engineering in the α-Co(OH)2/ZIF-67 heterostructure for enhanced oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Song Xue-Zhi , Zhang Nan , Niu Zan-Yao , Pan Yu , Wang Xiao-Feng , Tan Zhenquan
Published: May 2021

The interface coupling endows the heterostructural α-Co(OH)2/ZIF-67-0.6 material with higher activity (η10 = 320 mV), fast kinetics and excellent durability toward oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis.
Correction: Regulating the solution structural integrity and slow magnetic relaxation behavior of two Dy6 clusters with a pyridine–triazole ligand
Authors: Li Hai-Ye , Pang Xu-Hong , Tao Ye , Huang Fu-Ping , Zou Hua-Hong , Liang Fu-Pei
Published: May 2021

Correction for ‘Regulating the solution structural integrity and slow magnetic relaxation behavior of two Dy6 clusters with a pyridine–triazole ligand’ by Hai-Ye Li et al., New J. Chem., 2021, 45, 7096–7102, DOI: 10.1039/D1NJ00140J.
Recent advancements of functional gel polymer electrolytes for rechargeable lithium–metal batteries
Authors: Fu Sha , Zuo Lan-Lan , Zhou Peng-Sheng , Liu Xue-Jiao , Ma Qiang , Chen Meng-Jie , Yue Jun-Pei , Wu Xiong-Wei , Deng Qi
Published: May 2021

A comprehensive review of the latest advancements of functional gel polymer electrolytes, focused on the thermal response behavior, metallic lithium anode and cathode in lithium–metal batteries.
Construction of supramolecular polymer hydrogel electrolyte with ionic channels for flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Kun-Peng , Yang Ye , Zhang Qi , Xiao Zhenyu , Zong Lingbo , Ichitsubo Tetsu , Wang Lei
Published: May 2021

Illustration of the composition of the supramolecular hydrogel electrolyte.
RAFT polymerization mediated core–shell supramolecular assembly of PEGMA-co-stearic acid block co-polymer for efficient anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Sarkar Priyatosh , Ghosh Santanu , Saha Rima , Sarkar Kishor
Published: May 2021

In this work, core–shell supramolecular assembly polymeric nano-architectures containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments were synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization.
How to identify a smoker: a salient crystallographic approach to detect thiocyanate content
Authors: Iman Khushboo , Ahamad M. Naqi , Monika  , Ansari Azaj , Saleh Hatem A. M. , Khan M. Shahnawaz , Ahmad Musheer , Haque Rosenani A. , Shahid M.
Published: May 2021

A new Co based sensor for thiocyanate recognition by formation of the dimeric crystals is designed to distinguish a smoker from a non-smoker.
Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and ablation performance of C/C–SiC composites containing ZrSi2–Si
Authors: Jiang Tianxing , Zeng Yi , Xiong Xiang , Ye Ziming , Lun Huilin , Chen Shiyan , Hu Jinrun , Yang Ge , Gao Sen
Published: May 2021

C/C–SiC composites containing ZrSi2–Si were prepared using low-temperature reactive melt infiltration (LRMI) at 1400 °C, and the thermal chemical ablation of the composites was examined.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new class of multi-target heterocycle piperazine derivatives as potential antipsychotics
Authors: Gao Lanchang , Hao Chao , Ma Ru , Chen Jiali , Zhang Guisen , Chen Yin
Published: May 2021

In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel series of multi-receptor ligands as polypharmacological antipsychotic agents by using a multi-receptor affinity strategy.
Strengthening mechanism of the mechanical properties of graft copolymers with incompatible pendant groups: nano-clusters and weak cross-linking
Authors: Chang Hsin-Yu , Chiu Po-Hao , Tsao Heng-Kwong , Sheng Yu-Jane
Published: May 2021

The strengthening of the mechanical properties of graft copolymers can be attributed to the formation of weakly cross-linked structures.
High-performance & thermally stable n-type polymer thermoelectrics based on a benzyl viologen radical cation-doped ladder-type conjugated polymer
Authors: Tam Teck Lip Dexter , Lin Ming , Handoko Albertus Denny , Lin Ting Ting , Xu Jianwei
Published: May 2021

Viologen radical cation doped poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthrolinedione) (BBL) has shown enormous potential for high performance and thermally stable n-type polymer thermoelectrics.
A piezoelectric quantum spin Hall insulator with Rashba spin splitting in Janus monolayer SrAlGaSe4
Authors: Guo San-Dong , Zhu Yu-Tong , Mu Wen-Qi , Chen Xing-Qiu
Published: May 2021

The realization of multifunctional two-dimensional (2D) materials is fundamentally intriguing, such as the combination of piezoelectricity with a topological insulating phase in Janus monolayer SrAlGaSe4.