bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond the spine: a case of ankylosing spondylitis complicated by secondary amyloidosis
Authors: Sawlani Anjlee , Masood Rida
Published: September 2024

Background

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, often associated with human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) positivity. While musculoskeletal symptoms are typical manifestations, AS can also lead to systemic complications, including secondary systemic amyloidosis (SSA), also known as Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, involving multiple organs.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 45-year-old Asian male with a complex medical history, including diabetes and hypertension, who developed AS complicated by SSA. The patient exhibited a diverse range of symptoms, including cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal manifestations. He reported shortness of breath on exertion, orthopnea, pedal edema, generalized weakness, back pain, neck pain, low-grade fever, decreased appetite, frothy urine, and significant weight loss over the past year. Diagnostic evaluations revealed HLA-B27 positivity and histologically confirmed AA amyloidosis, providing a comprehensive understanding of the systemic involvement.

Conclusion

This case report highlights the intricate interplay between AS and SSA, particularly AA amyloidosis, with a focus on its systemic impact beyond musculoskeletal symptoms. The tragic outcome, marked by severe cardiac involvement, underscores the challenges in managing such complex cases. This report emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of AS to prevent severe complications, along with vigilant monitoring and individualized treatment plans, as well as the need for further research to enhance our understanding and improve management strategies for AS-related amyloidosis.
Machine Learning–Driven Phenogrouping and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Response in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Novo Robert T. , Thomas Samantha M. , Khouri Michel G. , Alenezi Fawaz , Herndon James E. , Michalski Meghan , Collins Kereshmeh , Nilsen Tormod , Edvardsen Elisabeth , Jones Lee W. , Scott Jessica M.
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE

The magnitude of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) impairment during anticancer treatment and CRF response to aerobic exercise training (AT) are highly variable. The aim of this ancillary analysis was to leverage machine learning approaches to identify patients at high risk of impaired CRF and poor CRF response to AT.

METHODS

We evaluated heterogeneity in CRF among 64 women with metastatic breast cancer randomly assigned to 12 weeks of highly structured AT (n = 33) or control (n = 31). Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analyses were used to identify representative variables from multidimensional prerandomization (baseline) data, and to categorize patients into mutually exclusive subgroups (ie, phenogroups). Logistic and linear regression evaluated the association between phenogroups and impaired CRF (ie, ≤16 mL O2·kg–1·min–1) and CRF response.

RESULTS

Baseline CRF ranged from 10.2 to 38.8 mL O2·kg–1·min–1; CRF response ranged from –15.7 to 4.1 mL O2·kg–1·min–1. Of the n = 120 candidate baseline variables, n = 32 representative variables were identified. Patients were categorized into two phenogroups. Compared with phenogroup 1 (n = 27), phenogroup 2 (n = 37) contained a higher number of patients with none or >three lines of previous anticancer therapy for metastatic disease and had lower resting left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, cardiac output reserve, hematocrit, lymphocyte count, patient-reported outcomes, and CRF ( P < .05) at baseline. Among patients allocated to AT (phenogroup 1, n = 12; 44%; phenogroup 2, n = 21; 57%), CRF response (–1.94 ± 3.80 mL O2·kg–1·min–1 v 0.70 ± 2.22 mL O2·kg–1·min–1) was blunted in phenogroup 2 compared with phenogroup 1.

CONCLUSION

Phenotypic clustering identified two subgroups with unique baseline characteristics and CRF outcomes. The identification of CRF phenogroups could help improve cardiovascular risk stratification and guide investigation of targeted exercise interventions among patients with cancer.
Small Cell Lung Cancer: New Hope, New Challenges
Authors: Desai Parth , Thomas Anish
Published: September 2024

This commentary focuses on the exciting, unprecedented FDA accelerated approval of Tarlatamab in SCLC and highlights potential challenges that will be faced by Oncology community in integrating such I
Examining Racial Disparities in the Association Between Food Swamps and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Mortality
Authors: Bevel Malcolm , Sheth Aashka , Tsai Meng-Han , Parham April , Andrzejak Sydney Elizabeth , Jones Samantha R. , Moore Justin X.
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE

Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality is rising among individuals younger than 50 years, and racial disparities in CRC persist. Residing in areas with no access to healthy food (food deserts) is associated with increased risk of CRC death, but the association between food swamps (FSs; areas with more unhealthy food) and CRC is unknown. We sought to examine the relationship of FSs to risk of early-onset CRC (EOCRC) mortality within different racial/ethnic groups.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis with 2010-2016 EOCRC patient data (N = 7,841) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, linked to county-level measures of FS scores data from the US Department of Agriculture Food Environment Atlas (aggregated years 2012, 2014, 2015, and 2017). FS score, or the ratio of fast-food and convenience stores to grocery stores and farmer's markets, was categorized as low, moderate, or high. Higher scores indicated patients living in counties with poorer healthy food resources. We conducted multivariable, multilevel Fine-Gray Cox proportional models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and associated 95% CIs.

RESULTS

Non-Hispanic (NH) Black (aHR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.14 to 1.65]) and Hispanic (aHR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.12 to 1.73]) patients in high-FS counties had an increased risk of EOCRC death, when compared with NH-White patients in low-FS counties.

CONCLUSION

NH-Black and Hispanic patients living in the worst food environments had greater risk of EOCRC death versus NH-White patients. Policymakers and stakeholders should employ sustainable approaches at combating EOCRC in underserved racial communities by increasing healthier accessible food sources (eg, community gardens).
An Exploratory Analysis of ChatGPT Compared to Human Performance With the Anesthesiology Oral Board Examination: Initial Insights and Implications
Authors: Blacker Samuel N. , Chen Fei , Winecoff Daniel , Antonio Benjamin L. , Arora Harendra , Hierlmeier Bryan J. , Kacmar Rachel M. , Passannante Anthony N. , Plunkett Anthony R. , Zvara David , Cobb Benjamin , Doyal Alexander , Rosenkrans Daniel , Brown Kenneth Bradbury , Gonzalez Michael A. , Hood Courtney , Pham Tiffany T. , Lele Abhijit V. , Hall Lesley , Ali Ameer , Isaak Robert S.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has been tested and has passed various high-level examinations. However, it has not been tested on an examination such as the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) Standardized Oral Examination (SOE). The SOE is designed to assess higher-level competencies, such as judgment, organization, adaptability to unexpected clinical changes, and presentation of information.

METHODS:

Four anesthesiology fellows were examined on 2 sample ABA SOEs. Their answers were compared to those produced by the same questions asked to ChatGPT. All human and ChatGPT responses were transcribed, randomized by module, and then reproduced as complete examinations, using a commercially available software-based human voice replicator. Eight ABA applied examiners listened to and scored the topic and modules from 1 of the 4 versions of each of the 2 sample examinations. The ABA did not provide any support or collaboration with any authors.

RESULTS:

The anesthesiology fellow’s answers were found to have a better median score than ChatGPT, for the module topics scores (P = .03). However, there was no significant difference in the median overall global module scores between the human and ChatGPT responses (P = .17). The examiners were able to identify the ChatGPT-generated answers for 23 of 24 modules (95.83%), with only 1 ChatGPT response perceived as from a human. In contrast, the examiners thought the human (fellow) responses were artificial intelligence (AI)-generated in 10 of 24 modules (41.67%). Examiner comments explained that ChatGPT generated relevant content, but were lengthy answers, which at times did not focus on the specific scenario priorities. There were no comments from the examiners regarding Chat GPT fact “hallucinations.”

CONCLUSIONS:

ChatGPT generated SOE answers with comparable module ratings to anesthesiology fellows, as graded by 8 ABA oral board examiners. However, the ChatGPT answers were deemed subjectively inferior due to the length of responses and lack of focus. Future curation and training of an AI database, like ChatGPT, could produce answers more in line with ideal ABA SOE answers. This could lead to higher performance and an anesthesiology-specific trained AI useful for training and examination preparation.
COVID-19’s Impact on Athletes: Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness after a SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: HASLER ERIK , WIDMANN MANUEL , HALLER BERNHARD , GAIDAI ROMAN , VENHORST ANDREAS , MEYER TIM , REINSBERGER CLAUS , NIEß ANDREAS M. , ROECKER KAI ,   THE COSMO-S RESEARCH GROUP
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to identify potential changes in cardiorespiratory fitness among athletes who had previously been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods

In this prospective observational multicenter hybrid study (CoSmo-S), cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmills or bicycle ergometers involving 2314 athletes (39.6% female) was conducted. German federal squad members (59.6%) and non-squad athletes were included in the study. A total of 1170 (37.2% female) subjects were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via polymerase chain reaction from which we had pre–SARS-CoV-2 infection examinations available for 289 subjects. Mixed-effect models were employed to analyze, among others, the following dependent variables: power output at individual anaerobic threshold (POIAT·kg−1), maximal power output (POmax·kg−1), measured V̇O2max·kg−1, heart rate at individual anaerobic threshold (HRIAT), and maximal heart rate (HRmax).

Results

A SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a decrease in POIAT·kg−1 (−0.123 W·kg−1, P < 0.001), POmax·kg−1 (−0.099 W·kg−1, P = 0.002), and measured V̇O2max·kg−1 (−1.70 mL·min−1·kg−1, P = 0.050), and an increase in HRIAT (2.50 bpm, P = 0.008) and HRmax (2.59 bpm, P < 0.001) within the first 60 d after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using the pandemic onset in Germany as a longitudinal reference point, the healthy control group showed no change over time in these variables and an increase in POmax (+0.126 W·kg−1, P = 0.039) during the first 60 d after the reference point. Subgroup analyses showed that both squad members and endurance athletes experienced greater decreases in cardiorespiratory fitness compared with non-squad members respectively athletes from explosive power sports.

Conclusions

A SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a decline in cardiorespiratory fitness in athletes for approximately 60 d. Potential factors contributing to this outcome seem to be cardiopulmonary and vascular alterations in consequence of SARS-CoV-2. A minor effect on cardiorespiratory fitness has training interruption due to acute symptoms and/or quarantine.
Βιβλιοκρισία του One True Logic
Authors: Στεφάνου Γιάννης
Published: September 2024

Βιβλιοκρισία του βιβλίου των Owen Griffiths και A. C. Paseau One True Logic: A Monist Manifesto.
«Ένα έργον υψίστης εθνικής σημασίας»:
Authors: Καρυδάκη Δανάη
Published: September 2024

Κατά τη διάρκεια της εθνικής ανασυγκρότησης που ακολούθησε τον ελληνικό Εμφύλιο, η πλευρά των νικητών, και ειδικά το κράτος των εθνικοφρόνων και το βασιλικό ζεύγος του Παύλου και της Φρειδερίκης, χρησιμοποίησε την πρόνοια υπέρ των παιδιών και των ανθρώπων με σωματικές, νοητικές και ψυχικές αναπηρίες ως μέσο για την επικράτηση της ιδεολογίας της εθνικοφροσύνης. Λόγω των πρώην στρατιωτικών εγκαταστάσεων των Ιταλών, τρεις εφαρμογές της πρόνοιας εμφανίστηκαν μετεμφυλιακά στο νησί της Λέρου: οι Βασιλικές Σχολές (1949-1964), το ψυχιατρείο (1957) και το πρώτο άσυλο του ΠΙΚΠΑ για «ανίατα παιδιά» (1961). Μελετώντας αρχειακό υλικό των ιδρυμάτων αυτών, τη σχετική νομοθεσία, τον αθηναϊκό και τοπικό Τύπο της εποχής αλλά και προφορικές μαρτυρίες το παρόν άρθρο χαρτογραφεί τους τρόπους με τους οποίους οι ψυ-επιστημονικοί λόγοι και οι λόγοι περί πρόνοιας διαπλέκονται με την εθνικόφρονα ιδεολογία στην περίπτωση των ιδρυμάτων της Λέρου.
Οι Έλληνες γιατροί απέναντι στη χολέρα
Authors: Μπαρλαγιάννης Θανάσης
Published: September 2024

Το άρθρο κάνει μια επισκόπηση της ελληνικής ιατρικής φιλολογίας του 19ου αιώνα που αφορά στη χολέρα. Συγκεκριμένα, αναλύει δεκαπέντε μελέτες (άρθρα και μονογραφίες) που εκδόθηκαν μεταξύ του 1815 και του 1915 και ερμηνεύει τα σχήματα που αναπτύχθηκαν προκειμένου να εξηγηθεί η γένεση και η εξάπλωση της χολέρας. Αν και προσπαθεί να εντάξει τα σχήματα αυτά στις τρεις γενικές εξηγητικές θεωρίες του μολύσματος (contagion), του μιάσματος (miasma) και της βακτηριολογίας, αποφεύγει την αυστηρή τυπολόγηση καταδεικνύοντας τις ανταλλαγές που έλαβαν χώρα μεταξύ των θεωριών αλλά και τις εσωτερικές διαφοροποιήσεις που αναπτύχθηκαν εντός της καθεμίας από αυτές, τόσο μεταξύ των συγγραφέων της ίδιας εποχής όσο και μέσα στον χρόνο. Τέλος, προσπαθεί να πιάσει το νήμα των ιδεών των Ελλήνων γιατρών που οδηγεί στις επιρροές που δέχτηκαν από τους δυτικοευρωπαίους ομολόγους τους.
Για την Ηλεκτρονική Διακυβέρνηση των Ιατρών
Authors: Περτσάς Γιώργος
Published: September 2024

Στο παρόν άρθρο εστιάζω στο ζήτημα της ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης των ιατρών. Η προσέγγιση μου εμπνεέται από το πεδίο των σπουδών Επιστήμης, Τεχνολογίας και Κοινωνίας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, προσπαθώ να αναδείξω τη σημασία της τεχνολογίας ως κρίσιμου μεσολαβητικού παράγοντα με ρυθμιστική/ελεγκτική, αλλά και διαμορφωτική επίδραση επί της συνταγογραφικής και γενικότερα ιατρικής πράξης. Το άρθρο είναι δομημένο σε τρία μέρη. Στο πρώτο ανασυγκροτώ τον τρόπο με τον οποίο η συνταγογραφική συμπεριφορά των ιατρών κατέστη πρόβλημα και μία από τις βασικότερες αιτίες για τις υψηλές δημόσιες δαπάνες υγείας στην Ελλάδα. Η συγκεκριμένη προβληματοποίηση έθεσε τους όρους και τις γενικές κατευθύνσεις για τον σχεδιασμό του Συστήματος Ηλεκτρονικής Συνταγογράφησης (ΣΗΣ) ως λύσης στο συγκεκριμένου πρόβλημα. Στο δεύτερο μέρος αντλώ έννοιες, κυρίως από το έργο του Michel Foucault και του Bruno Latour (ορθολογικότητα της διακυβέρνησης, ανάθεση, σενάριο ή πρόγραμμα δράσης), προκειμένου να αναδείξω τη σημασία της τεχνολογίας για τις στρατηγικές της διακυβέρνησης των ιατρών. Τέλος, στο τρίτο μέρος εστιάζω στις συγκεκριμένες λειτουργικότητες του ΣΗΣ και τους ιδιαίτερους τρόπους με τους οποίους αυτές περιορίζουν, μπλοκάρουν, οριοθετούν ή προάγουν προς συγκεκριμένες κατευθύνσεις τη συνταγογράφηση των ιατρών. Καθώς η πράξη της συνταγογράφησης αποτελεί δομικό μέρος της ιατρικής πράξης, συμπεραίνουμε ότι το ΣΗΣ την ελέγχει και την καθοδηγεί με κοινωνικοτεχνικούς τρόπους που κυμαίνονται μεταξύ της αδιαπραγμάτευτης πειθάρχησης στις ρυθμίσεις του έως πιο έμμεσες παρεμβάσεις που αφήνουν στους ιατρούς μεγαλύτερα περιθώρια ελευθερίας και αλληλεπίδρασης με το ΣΗΣ. Πέρα από τον έλεγχο και τη ρύθμιση, το ΣΗΣ επαναπροσδιορίζει, ταυτόχρονα,  την ίδια τη φύση της ιατρικής πράξης, στη βάση μιας συγκεκριμένης αντίληψης για την ιατρική, δηλαδή στη βάση του παραδείγματος της ιατρικής της βασισμένης σε ενδείξεις (evidence based medicine).
Φωτίζοντας ένα αινιγματικό σημείο των Διοφαντικών επιλύσεων
Authors: Χριστιανίδης Γιάννης
Published: September 2024

Στην εργασία προτείνεται η χρήση των αναλογιών προκειμένου να εξηγηθούν οι τεχνικές που χρησιμοποιεί ο Διόφαντος κατά τις επιλύσεις των εξισώσεων με δύο αγνώστους. Ταυτόχρονα, διατυπώνονται μια σειρά επιχειρήματα εναντίον της ερμηνείας των ίδιων τεχνικών μέσω της σύγχρονης αλγεβρικής γεωμετρίας. Η ερμηνεία δια των αναλογιών είχε προταθεί για πρώτη φορά από τον Βυζαντινό Μάξιμο Πλανούδη (περ. 1255–1305) στο σχόλιό του στο πρόβλημα Β.8 των Αριθμητικών. Τέλος, σε παράρτημα παρουσιάζονται επιστολές που έλαβε ο συγγραφέας από τους R. Rashed, I. G. Bashmakova, J. Høyrup, D. Fowler και S. Unguru, στις οποίες οι εν λόγω ιστορικοί διατυπώνουν τις απόψεις τους για την προτεινόμενη ερμηνεία
A guide to selecting high-performing antibodies for CSNK1A1 (UniProt ID: P48729) for use in western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence
Authors: Ayoubi Riham , Alende Charles , Fotouhi Maryam , Ruíz Moleón Vera , González Bolívar Sara , Southern Kathleen , Laflamme Carl ,   NeuroSGC/YCharOS/EDDU collaborative group,   ABIF consortium
Published: September 2024

CSNK1A1 is a key regulator of various signalling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Playing a central role in cellular function and disease pathology, CSNK1A1 has emerged as an attractive protein target for therapeutic development. In this study we characterize ten CSNK1A1 commercial antibodies for western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence using a standardized experimental protocol based on comparing read-outs in knockout cell lines and isogenic parental controls. This study is part of a larger, collaborative initiative seeking to address antibody reproducibility issues by characterizing commercially available antibodies for human proteins and publishing the results openly as a resource for the scientific community. While the use of antibodies and protocols vary between laboratories, we encourage readers to use this report as a guide to select the most appropriate antibodies for their specific needs.
Are adverse effects of cannabidiol (CBD) products caused by tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contamination?
Authors: Lachenmeier Dirk W. , Habel Stephanie , Fischer Berit , Herbi Frauke , Zerbe Yvonne , Bock Verena , Rajcic de Rezende Tabata , Walch Stephan G. , Sproll Constanze
Published: September 2024

Cannabidiol (CBD)-containing products are widely marketed as over the counter products. Adverse effects reported in anecdotal consumer reports or during clinical studies were first assumed to be due to acid-catalysed cyclization of CBD to psychotropic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in the stomach after oral consumption. However, research of pure CBD solutions stored in simulated gastric juice or subjected to various storage conditions such as heat and light with specific liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatographic/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric (UPLC-QTOF) analyses was unable to confirm THC formation. Another hypothesis for the adverse effects of CBD products may be residual Δ9-THC concentrations in the products as contamination, because most of them are based on hemp extracts containing the full spectrum of cannabinoids besides CBD. Analyses of 413 hemp-based products of the German market (mostly CBD oils) confirmed this hypothesis: 48 products (12%) contained Δ9-THC above the lowest observed adverse effect level (2.5 mg/day). Hence, it may be assumed that the adverse effects of some commercial CBD products are based on a low-dose effect of Δ9-THC, with the safety of CBD itself currently being unclear with significant uncertainties regarding possible liver and reproductive toxicity. The safety, efficacy and purity of commercial CBD products is highly questionable, and all of the products in our sample collection showed various non-conformities to European food law such as unsafe Δ9-THC levels, hemp extracts or CBD isolates as non-approved novel food ingredients, non-approved health claims, and deficits in mandatory food labelling requirements. In view of the growing market for such lifestyle products, the effectiveness of the instrument of food business operators' own responsibility for product safety and regulatory compliance must obviously be challenged, and a strong regulatory framework for hemp products needs to be devised.
The Impact of Peer Performance and Relative Rank on Managerial Career Attainment: Evidence from College Students
Authors: Ribas Rafael P. , Sampaio Breno , Trevisan Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

The ranking system within academic environments may impact future professional trajectories. Examining the influence of class rank on college students’ managerial attainment is crucial for understanding some determinants of career advancement. This paper estimates the effect of a low rank in a high-performing class on the probability of college students attaining a managerial position in the future. Our data combine administrative records from a highly selective university in Brazil and employment registries. For most programs, this university divides first-year students into two classes based on their preferences and admission scores. In a regression discontinuity design, we control for students’ preferences and inherent skills by comparing the last student admitted to the high-score class (the “first class”) with the first student excluded from this class, who joins the “second class.” Results show that the last student in the first class is 10 percentage points less likely to attain a managerial position soon after graduating than a similar student in the second class. Although this effect is initially similar between genders, it diminishes for men over time while persisting for women. Overall, our study indicates that better-performing peers can hinder a student’s managerial career by lowering their relative rank in the classroom.

This paper was accepted by Isabel Fernandez-Mateo, organizations.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02988 .
Mutual Fund Shareholder Letters: Flows, Performance, and Managerial Behavior
Authors: Hillert Alexander , Niessen-Ruenzi Alexandra , Ruenzi Stefan
Published: September 2024

Fund companies regularly send shareholder letters to their investors. We use textual analysis to investigate whether these letters’ writing style influences fund flows and whether it predicts performance and investment styles. Fund investors react to the tone and content of shareholder letters: a less negative tone leads to higher net flows. Thus, fund companies can use shareholder letters as a tactical instrument to influence flows. However, at the same time, a dishonest communication that is not consistent with the fund’s actual performance decreases flows. A positive writing style predicts higher idiosyncratic risk as well as more style bets, whereas there is no consistent predictive power for future performance.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Supplemental Material: The internet appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03417 .
The Current Smokeless Tobacco Trend in Bangladesh
Authors: Noor Ashek Elahi
Published: September 2024

Although many smokers believe that using smokeless tobacco is safer than smoking, numerous health hazards are associated with its use. Toxins are present in all cigarette products. Because these products are seen as a part of the cultural heritage, there is little enthusiasm for their regulation throughout South and South-East Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, etc. Nearly 80% of users live in these areas, which could negatively impact their social, physical, and emotional health. According to several studies, quitting smoking may make people crave smokeless tobacco even more. However, they began using smokeless tobacco as a recreational activity but ultimately developed physical health conditions like gastritis, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, mouth cancer, and carcinoma of the liver. Additionally, they had medical and mental illnesses like melancholy, addiction, stress, mental anguish, and even suicidal thoughts, among others. Since it is harmful, smokeless tobacco should be handled with care. Unfortunately, our policy has not been upgraded or even had the legislation and regulation system applied. In order to alleviate this susceptible problem for the betterment of the country, it is now vital to take emergency steps to concentrate on & conduct preventive comprehensive action at every level from the government & local concern authorities.
Aesthetic Management of Multisurface Caries tooth with Bioflx Crown – A Case Report
Authors: KS Madhusudhan , MV Rathnashree , Subramaniam Priya
Published: September 2024

Managing teeth that are deciduous, deformed, decayed, or traumatized using tooth-colored restorations can be challenging, especially with young children who may have specific behavioral intervention issues. For deciduous teeth with developmental abnormalities, multi-surface caries, high-caries patients, broken teeth, teeth where direct restorations tend to fail, following pulpal treatment, as space maintainer abutments, and teeth with severe wear, extra-coronal full-coverage crowns are recommended to ensure effective treatment. In pediatric dentistry, several full coverage restoration techniques are available. The Bioflx crown is a new type of synthetic crown that offers improved adaptation, durability, ease of handling, and better aesthetics compared to conventional crowns. Bioflx crowns are becoming more popular and are a viable option for treating carious teeth in young children. This case report describes the first use of a Bioflx crown in managing a multi-surface caries lesion in an 8-year-old girl. There are no published case reports on the use of Bioflx crowns for primary molars; however, these crowns serve as a suitable alternative to full crown restoration.
Effect of a Multicomponent Intervention on Pre-Frailty Status Changes in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Ye Liqin , Li Amin , Zhang Hailin , Yin Lixia , Chang Jian , Fang Fang , Zhu Ying , Lu Jingyuan , Yan Xiuzhen
Published: September 2024

Aims/Background Pre-frailty is common in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Without proper management, it can quickly worsen and progress into frailty, leading to various adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, timely interventions for pre-frail MHD patients are crucial. However, the response of pre-frail MHD patients to such interventions is currently unclear. This study evaluated the effect of a multicomponent intervention on changes in pre-frailty status, risk factors for frailty, quality of life, and clinical outcomes in pre-frail patients undergoing MHD.

Methods Sixty MHD patients were randomly assigned to intervention (received a 12-week multicomponent intervention) and control (received standard care) groups, with 30 participants per group, between February and May 2018. Data were collected at baseline and at 3 and 9 months thereafter. Analyzed outcomes included changes in pre-frailty status, frailty risk factors (such as albumin level, pain, and anxiety), quality of life, and clinical outcomes during the follow-up period.

Results Data from a total of 58 MHD patients were collected at three time points. At week 12, frailty scores were 0.9 points lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.007). The intervention group showed a 26.2% higher proportion of patients who improved from pre-frailty to non-frailty compared to the control group (p = 0.029), and a 25.9% lower proportion of patients who progressed from pre-frailty to frailty (p = 0.021). Additionally, improvements in albumin levels, pain, anxiety, and quality of life were more significant in the intervention group (all p < 0.05). Although there were fewer incidents of falls and rehospitalizations in the intervention group during follow-up, these differences did not reach statistical significance (all p > 0.05).

Conclusion This study validates the effectiveness and practicality of a multicomponent intervention in improving pre-frailty status, frailty risk factors, and quality of life in patients undergoing MHD.

Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IOR-17012176).
GALAT SÖZLÜKLERİNDE BİTKİ ADLARI ÜZERİNE DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: Sıbıç Burcu
Published: September 2024

ÖZ
Galat, yabancı dillerden alıntılanan sözcüklerin ses, şekil, anlam değişikliklerine uğrayarak dilin bünyesine katılımı sonucu ortaya çıkan söz veya söz gruplarını ifade eder. Galatlar bu özelliğiyle söz varlığı başta olmak üzere dil bilgisinin bütün alt dallarıyla ilişkilidir. Türk söz varlığında da İslamiyet’in kabulüyle birlikte Türkçeye geçen Arapça ve Farsça kökenli sözcüklerin yanı sıra Batı dillerinden de çok sayıda sözcüğün dile nüfuz ettiği; bu sözcüklerin uğradığı değişikliklerin neticesinde pek çok galat sözcüğün ortaya çıktığı görülür. “Yanlış”, “hatalı”, “kusurlu” söyleyişlerle ifade edilen galatlar, başlangıçta âlimler tarafından kaleme alınan değişik eserlerde konu edilmiş; daha sonra ise bu konuda galat sözlükleri vb. gibi müstakil eserler yazılmıştır. Söz konusu eserlerde çok sayıda canlı ve cansız adı, kişi adı, kavim adı, yer adı, çeşitli fiiller vb. ele alınmıştır. Galat sözlüklerinde bahsi geçen kategorilerden biri de bitki adlarıdır. Bu çalışmada; Osmanlı döneminde kaleme alınan galat sözlüklerinde değerlendirilen bitki adları tespit edilmiş, bunlar galat sözlüklerinin yanı sıra farklı sözlüklerdeki biçimleriyle konu edilmiştir. İnceleme yapılırken sözcüklerin Türk yazı dilinin tarihî dönemlerindeki kullanımlarından da yararlanılmıştır.
SÖMÜRÜNÜN KÜLTÜREL HÂLİ: KÜLTÜREL SAHİPLENME
Authors: Yavuz Gülay
Published: September 2024

ÖZ: İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasındaki dönemde, ulus devlet etkisinin ve uluslararası hukukun Avrupa merkezli karakterinin zayıflamasıyla sömürgeciliğin etkilerini ortadan kaldırma amacı güdülse de bu amaçla başlatılan dekolonizasyon sürecinde sömürgecilik yerini kültürel sahiplenmeye bırakmıştır. Bir kültürün unsurlarının başka bir kültürün üyeleri tarafından benimsenmesi veya kullanılması anlamına gelen kültürel sahiplenme, yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren akademik araştırmaların ve tartışmaların odağında yer alarak güç dinamikleri, kimlik oluşumu ve etik hususları çerçevesinde önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışma, kültürel sahiplenmenin farklı dinamiklerini incelemekte, tarihsel bağlamını, tezahürlerini ve çeşitli kültürel ortamlardaki etkilerini göstermektedir. Makalede, moda, müzik, sanat ve tıp gibi farklı kültür ve endüstrilerdeki örneklerden yola çıkarak kültürel sahiplenmenin güç dengesizliklerini sürdürebileceği ve stereotipleri pekiştirebileceği vurgulanmaktadır. Kültürel sahiplenmenin ne zaman ve hangi şartlarda etik ve saygılı bir şekilde gerçekleşebileceğini anlamak için bir çerçeve sunarak kültürel sahiplenme ve kültürel takdir arasındaki ayrımı netleştirmeye çalışmaktadır. Konuyla ilişkili örnekleri, teorik çerçeveleri ve güncel tartışmaları analiz eden bu çalışma, sömürgecilik merceğinden kültürel sahiplenme kavramının kapsamlı bir incelemesini sunarak Türk akademisindeki önemli bir boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Investigation of the Prevalence of Polymorphisms of IFITM3 rs12252 and rs34481144 in the Turkish Population: A Pilot Study and Survey Conducted during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pirim Dilek , Bağcı Fatih Atilla , Niş Hasan Faruk , Akalın Emin Halis
Published: September 2024

abstract: Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) plays a substantial role in the immune system by repressing viral entry into host cells and restricting virus replication. Recent research suggests that specific polymorphisms of the IFITM3 gene, rs34481144 and rs12252, contribute to susceptibility to viral infections across populations dependent on their population frequencies, which needs further clarification. This population-based study determined the prevalence of two regulator SNPs in the Turkish population and evaluated genotype and allele frequencies in individuals stratified into groups based on a pilot survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tetra-Primer Arms PCR assays and Sanger sequencing methods were used to genotype rs34481144 and rs12252; all participants ( n = 200) answered a questionnaire on individual experiences (e.g., disease severity, vaccine side effects) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Distributions of genotype frequencies and pairwise linkage disequilibrium correlations were calculated and compared to publicly available data from worldwide populations. The minor allele frequencies for rs12252-G and rs34481144-T were 0.128 and 0.324, respectively, in the total sample. Our preliminary survey data gave no concrete evidence of a correlation between the analyzed SNPs and COVID-19 severity or vaccine side effects yet pinpointed a trend for an association between rs12252-G and symptom burdens, which merits further investigation. Overall, our results present genotype and allele distributions of two IFITM3 polymorphisms in the Turkish population and provide preliminary data on previously suggested correlations of genotype with COVID-19 in our population.
Distribution of Variant rs10974944 of the JAK2 Gene in Mestizos and Native Americans from Mexico and from Worldwide Association Studies of Myeloproliferative Diseases
Authors: Avalos-Navarro G. , Nuño-Trujillo A. D. , González-Becerra K. , Martínez-Cortés G. , Favela-Mendoza A. F. , Rangel-Villalobos H.
Published: September 2024

abstract: The genetic variant rs10974944 (C>G) in the JAK2 gene is associated with a higher risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) by increasing the probability of the somatic mutation V617F in the JAK2 protein. For this reason, we evaluated the distribution of rs10974944 in Mexican populations, including published data from association studies in worldwide populations. We analyzed five Mestizo (admixed; n = 200) and four Native American ( n = 200) population samples from Mexico, representing the northern, central, western, and southern regions of the country, genotyping rs10974944 by quantitative PCR using Taqman probes. Allele and genotype frequencies were estimated in each population sample. The wild-type allele C, the homozygous C/C, and the heterozygous C/G variants were the most frequent in all Mexican populations, and the genotype distribution in all samples was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Interestingly, genetic distances clustered most of the worldwide patient samples, including Tarahumaras and Mayas, which differed from Mexican and control samples. Although higher genetic susceptibility to MPNs could be predicted in these Native American populations, the homogeneous allele distribution among Mexican and worldwide control populations warrants analysis of further genetic and nongenetic factors. In sum, although worldwide population samples displayed homogeneous distribution for rs10974944 , genetic clustering of worldwide patients supports the claimed association with MPNs.
Osaki Midori: The World of Wandering in the Realm of the Seventh Sense (Part 2) / 尾崎翠・「第七官界彷徨」の世界
Authors: Noriko Mizuta
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Osaki Midori (1896–1971) left behind only a few literary works before returning to her home in Tottori and falling silent. Yet these few avant-garde texts are now recognized as crucial to the study of Japanese women’s modernist literature. As a woman writer who ignored the strict gender divisions of her time, her works continue to resonate with readers today. The mystery behind her forced return to Tottori and retirement from writing has prompted new attention to her life story, which seems to illustrate the conflict for women between a literary career and family obligations, and the realms she created in avant-garde prose that transcend the bounds of reality.
“Under this clear, smooth skin, blood too terrifying to hear of?” Araya Kōga and Gendered Representations of Hansen’s Disease / 「この鮮明な滑かな皮膚の下に、聞くも怖しい血」－荒屋香芽とハンセン 病に関するジェンダー化された描写
Authors: Tanaka Kathryn M.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: In 1923, the Japanese Home Ministry published a selection of writings by people institutionalized for the treatment of Hansen’s disease in sanatoria across the archipelago. Entitled Rai kanja no kokuhaku (Confessions of the Lepers), the book was lost in the aftermath of the Tokyo Earthquake, but it was rediscovered and republished by the Leprosy Prevention Association in 1934, as a genre of writing by patients later referred to as “leprosy literature” began gaining more media attention. The Confessions are a remarkable collection of patient writing, ranging from the legalistic form of a petition, to diaristic or literary approaches to representing the illness experience. Yet because of its convoluted provenance and the fact that these writings are anonymous make it a difficult source to use. Using multiple archival sources, this paper identifies one of the authors in the volume as Araya Kōga (1892–1938), a woman institutionalized for the treatment of Hansen’s disease who wrote about her experience of illness and quarantine. It explores the gendered tensions between Araya’s life, her writing, and the way her story is used by medical professionals. In doing so, I suggest that in addition to providing greater understanding of the Confessions volume, Araya’s account also reveals the multiple, contested, and gendered layers in both writing about illness experience and how that experience is represented in public health campaigns.
Assessing Utilization and Accessibility of Public Cash Assistance Benefits among Postsecondary Students
Authors: Walsh Stephanie , Hetling Andrea , Riddick Sabrina , Rodriguez Sabrina
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Low-income students struggle with resources while trying to achieve future financial stability. As colleges explore ways to support students, one solution is integration with public benefits. This study focuses on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), a program that offers cash assistance to low-income adults with children. Statistical analysis of New Jersey data on applications from students (N = 1,064) is complemented by interviews with higher education experts (N = 6). Findings indicate that knowledge about the program is lacking. Among students who do apply, many either withdraw their application or do not complete the requirements. Findings offer recommendations to improve access for students.
Embedded Classed and Raced Academic Capitalism in an Innovative “Solution” to College Costs: Income Share Agreements at two Public AAU Research Universities
Authors: Lee Alice E. , Salazar Karina G. , Rhoades Gary
Published: September 2024

Abstract: College affordability concerns have led to new “solutions” for financing college costs, such as income share agreements (ISAs). Drawing on a racialized understanding of academic capitalism, we explore the intersection of higher education, markets, and the state in how ISAs are marketed by two public universities. We find ISAs are advertised as market-based solutions, framing universities as altruistic problem-solvers and students as philanthropic investors. Yet, we also find that institutions’ website promotion of ISAs is raced and classed, targeting current “traditional,” White, upper-middle class students. Finally, we compare institutional narratives to federal guidance regarding ISAs, revealing further blurring between the public sector and private marketplace.
If Not Now, When? Putting the “Me” in Research
Authors: Wolf-Wendel Lisa
Published: September 2024

Abstract: The article is my ASHE Presidential Address from 2013 – it has not been substantially revised or updated. It is a reflective piece on my journey in academia, with a particular focus on the role of personal identity in research. The piece begins by discussing my initial belief in the importance of maintaining objectivity in research by distancing personal identity from my work. This belief was rooted in the traditional academic notion that research should be “objective” and “distanced.” My position, however, evolved as I came to realize that my positionality was not objective but was instead problematic. This realization was not immediate but was the result of years of reading, studying, and being influenced by other scholars. In this piece I share an “aha moment” that greatly influenced my professional and personal life. This moment led to a significant shift in my approach to research, making privilege and awareness central to my work. The essay includes not only my perspectives on this matter, but also those of my colleagues in the field in the form of data as well as vignettes. The paper concludes by encouraging other academics to acknowledge their personal identities and experiences as fundamental parts of academic discourse – to engage in me-search. This perspective challenges traditional notions of objectivity and distance in research, suggesting a more inclusive and self-aware approach to academia.
Reporting on "Torturing a Negro": Challenging Prison Violence and Frameworks of Transnational White Supremacy in the Tocsin
Authors: Bressey Caroline
Published: September 2024

Abstract: This essay examines reports of racialised violence endured by William King, an African American man who migrated to Australia and became ensnared in the Victoria prison system. His experiences of mistreatment at the hands of prison staff were made public in 1899 through a series of reports in the Toscin , a paper produced by a progressive collective in Melbourne. This article examines the textual tactics the Tocsin used to analyse King's case as well as the limits of its political writings. Though the Tocsin employed a range of geographical scales in its analysis of King's case, drawing together international campaigns into local conversations, the paper remained embedded in the logics of white supremacy. Its writers were thus unable to reimagine the structures of white supremacy from which they wrote to condemn the injustices King faced.
Maternal mental health and nutritional status of infants aged under 6 months: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Abera Mubarek , Berhane Melkamu , Grijalva-Eternod Carlos S. , Abdissa Alemseged , Abate Nahom , Hailu Endashaw , Barthorp Hatty , Allen Elizabeth , McGrath Marie , Girma Tsinuel , Wells Jonathan CK , Kerac Marko , Beaumont Emma
Published: September 2024

Maternal/caregivers’ mental health (MMH) and child nutrition are both poor in low- and middle-income countries. Links between the two are plausible but poorly researched. Our aim was to inform future malnutrition management programmes by better understanding associations between MMH and nutritional status of infants aged under six month (u6m). We conducted a health facility-based cross-sectional survey of 1060 infants in rural Ethiopia, between October 2020 and January 2021. We collected data on: MMH status (main exposure) measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and infant anthropometry indicators (outcome); length for age Z-score (LAZ), weight for age Z-score (WAZ), weight for length Z-score (WLZ), mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), head circumference for age Z-score (HCAZ) and lower leg length (LLL). Analysis of secondary data using linear regression was employed to determine associations between the main exposure and outcome variables. The result showed infants’ mean (SD) age was 13.4 (6.2) weeks. The median score for MMH problem was 0 (inter quartile range 0–2) points, and 29.5% and 11.2% reported minimal and mild to severe depression score of 1–4 and 5–27 points, respectively. Mean (SD) LAZ was -0.4 (1.4), WAZ -0.7 (1.3), WLZ -0.5 (1.2), MUAC 12.4 (1.3) cm, HCAZ 0.4 (1.3) and LLL 148 (13.9) mm. In adjusted linear regression analysis, minimal MMH problem was negatively associated with infant LAZ marginally (β = -0.2; 95% CI: -0.4, 0.00; p = 0.05) and LLL (β = -2.0; 95% CI: -3.8, -0.1; p = 0.04), but not with other anthropometric indicators. Statistically significant associations were not found between mild to severe depressive symptoms and infant anthropometric outcomes. In conclusion, only minimal, but not mild, moderate or severe, maternal/caregivers’ depressive symptoms are associated with infant anthropometry outcomes in this data set. Whilst there is a plausible relationship between maternal mental health problems and offspring nutritional status, we did not observed this. Possible reasons include: PHQ-9 not suited to our population; and only a small number of participants reporting moderate to severe level of depression. Further research to investigate and understand the relationship and pathways between maternal mental health and offspring nutritional status is required.
Repelling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with electric fields using insulated conductor wires
Authors: Jobe Ndey Bassin , Erickson Michael , Rydberg Sarah E. , Huijben Silvie , Paaijmans Krijn P.
Published: September 2024

Background

The control and prevention of mosquito-borne diseases is mostly achieved with insecticides. However, their use has led to the rapid development and spread of insecticide resistance worldwide. Health experts have called for intensified efforts to find new approaches to reduce mosquito populations and human-mosquito contact. A promising new tool is the use of electrical fields (EFs), whereby mosquitoes are repelled by charged particles in their flight path. Such particles move between two or more conductors, and the use of uninsulated copper or aluminum plates as conductors has been proven to be effective at repelling mosquitoes. Here, for the first time, we assess if EFs generated using a single row of insulated conductor wires (ICWs) can also successfully repel mosquitoes, and whether mosquitoes are equally repelled at the same EF strength when the electrodes are a) orientated differently (horizontal vs. vertical placement), and b) spaced more apart.

Methodology/Principal findings

Over a period of 23 hours, the number of host-seeking female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that were successfully repelled by EFs, using ICWs, at EF strengths ranging from 0 kV/cm (control) to 9.15 kV/cm were quantified. Mosquitoes were released inside a 220×220×180 cm room and lured into a BG-Pro trap that was equipped with a BG-counter and baited with CO2 using dry ice. Mosquitoes had to pass through an EF window, that contained a single row of ICWs with alternating polarity, to reach the bait. The baseline interaction between EF strength and repellency was assessed first, after which the impact of different ICW orientations and ICW distances on repellency were determined.

Over 50% of mosquitoes were repelled at EF strengths of ≥ 3.66 kV/cm. A linear regression model showed that a vertical ICW orientation (vertical vs. horizontal) had a small but insignificant increased impact on mosquito repellency (p = 0.059), and increasing ICW distance (while maintaining the same EF strength) significantly reduced repellency (p = 0.01).

Conclusions/Significance

ICWs can be used to generate EFs that partially repel host-seeking mosquitoes, which will reduce human-mosquito contact. While future studies need to assess if (i) increased repellency can be achieved, and (ii) a repellency of 50–60% is sufficient to impact disease transmission, it is encouraging that EF repellency using ICWs is higher compared to that of some spatial repellent technologies currently in development. This technology can be used in the housing improvement toolkit (i.e. preventing mosquito entry through eaves, windows, and doors). Moreover, the use of cheap, over-the-counter ICWs will mean that the technology is more accessible worldwide, and easier to manufacture and implement locally.