bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CHEMISTRY OF THE LIVER IN ACUTE YELLOW ATROPHY
Authors: Wells H. Gideon
Published: June 2004

From the liver of a young man who died of typical, " idiopathic" acute yellow atrophy of the liver, after an illness of six weeks, there were isolated and identified the following amino acids: Histidin, lysin, tyrosin, leucin, glycocoll, alanin, prolin, glutaminic acid, aspartic acid. These were found free in extracts of the liver, and presumably represent products of the autolysis of liver cells, although the amount of soluble non-protein nitrogen present in the extracts was so large as to suggest that there must be some other source for these substances.

Small quantities of free proteoses and peptones, and of xanthin and hypoxanthin, were also found in the extracts.

In the insoluble proteins of the liver the proportion of diamino acids was decreased slightly as compared with normal livers. The proportion of protein phosphorus was increased, probably because of active regenerative proliferation, while the sulphur was normal in amount. Iron was increased because of the large quantity of blood in the liver and the hematogenous pigmentation of the liver cells.

Gelatigenous material was increased both absolutely and relatively, because of the loss of parenchyma and the proliferation of the stroma.

The proportion of water to solids was much increased, there having been a loss of over two-thirds of the entire parenchymatous elements of the liver. The amount of fat, lecithin and cholesterin was not far from that normal for the liver.
Full ideals in regular local rings
Authors: Ciupercă Cătălin
Published: June 2004

Paper withdrawn by author after original electronic posting date of May 22, 2003 and prior to preparation of the printed issue.
Off-diagonal submatrices of a Hermitian matrix
Authors: Li Chi-Kwong , Poon Yiu-Tung
Published: June 2004

A necessary and sufficient condition is given to a

p
×
q

p\times q

complex matrix

X
X

to be an off-diagonal block of an

n
×
n

n\times n

Hermitian matrix

C
C

with prescribed eigenvalues (in terms of the eigenvalues of

C
C

and singular values of

X
X

). The proof depends on some recent breakthroughs in the study of spectral inequalities on the sum of Hermitian matrices by Klyachko and Fulton. Some interesting geometrical properties of the set

S
S

of all such matrices are derived from the main result. These results improve earlier ones that only give partial information for the set

S
S

.
Bounds of Gauss sums in finite fields
Authors: Shparlinski Igor
Published: June 2004

We consider Gauss sums of the form
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper G Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis a right-parenthesis equals sigma-summation Underscript x element-of double-struck upper F Subscript p Sub Superscript m Baseline Endscripts chi left-parenthesis x Superscript n Baseline right-parenthesis">

G
n

(
a
)
=

∑

x
∈

F

p
m

χ
(

x
n

)

G_n(a) = \sum _{x \in \mathbb {F}_{p^m}} \chi (x^n)

\]
with a nontrivial additive character

χ
≠

χ
0

\chi \ne \chi _0

of a finite field

F

p
m

\mathbb {F}_{p^m}

of

p
m

p^m

elements of characteristic

p
p

. The classical bound

|

G
n

(
a
)

|

≤
(
n
−
1
)

p

m

/

2

|G_n(a)| \le (n-1) p^{m/2}

becomes trivial for

n
≥

p

m

/

2

+
1

n \ge p^{m/2} + 1

. We show that, combining some recent bounds of Heath-Brown and Konyagin with several bounds due to Deligne, Katz, and Li, one can obtain the bound on

|

G
n

(
a
)

|

|G_n(a)|

which is nontrivial for the values of

n
n

of order up to

p

m

/

2
+
1

/

6

p^{m/2 + 1/6}

. We also show that for almost all primes one can obtain a bound which is nontrivial for the values of

n
n

of order up to

p

m

/

2
+
1

/

2

p^{m/2 + 1/2}

.
The stable rank of full corners in C*-algebras
Authors: Blackadar Bruce
Published: June 2004

We give a treatment of Rieffel’s theory of stable rank for C*-algebras in terms of left invertibility of generalized nonsquare matrices, and prove that if

p
p

is a full projection in a unital C*-algebra

A
A

, then the stable rank of the corner

p
A
p

pAp

is at least as large as the stable rank of

A
A

.
On the existence of eigenvalues of Toeplitz operators on planar regions
Authors: Aryana Cyrus , Clancey Kevin
Published: June 2004

A study is made of the eigenvalues of self-adjoint Toeplitz operators on multiply connected planar regions having

g
g

holes. The presence of eigenvalues is detected through an analysis of the zeros of translations of theta functions restricted to

R

g

\mathbb {R}^{g}

in

C

g

\mathbb {C}^{g}

.
On the singular braid monoid of an orientable surface
Authors: Díaz-Cantos Jerónimo , González-Meneses Juan , Tornero José
Published: June 2004

In this paper we show that the singular braid monoid of an orientable surface can be embedded in a group. The proof is purely topological, making no use of the monoid presentation.
Summable processes versus semimartingales
Authors: Dinculeanu Nicolae , Mocioalca Oana
Published: June 2004

The classical stochastic integral

∫
H
d
X

\int H dX

is defined for real-valued semimartingales

X
X

. For processes with values in a Banach space

E
E

, the stochastic integral

∫
H
d
X

\int H dX

is defined for locally summable processes

X
X

, using a measure-theoretical approach. We investigate the relationship between semimartingales and locally summable processes. A real-valued, locally summable process is a special semimartingale. We prove that in infinite-dimensional Banach spaces, a locally summable process is not necessarily a semimartingale.
A remark on a theorem by Deligne
Authors: Van den Bergh M.
Published: June 2004

We give a proof avoiding spectral sequences of Deligne’s decomposition theorem for objects in a triangulated category admitting a Lefschetz homomorphism.
On the elliptic equation Δ𝑢+𝐾(𝑥)𝑒^{2𝑢}=0 on 𝐵²
Authors: Wu Sanxing , Liu Hongying
Published: June 2004

In this paper we consider the existence problem for the elliptic equation

Δ
u
+
K
(
x
)

e

2
u

=
0

\Delta u+K(x)e^{2u}=0

on

B
2

=
{
x
∈

R
2

∣

|

x

|

>
1
}

B^2=\{x \in R^2 \mid |x|>1\}

, which arises in the study of conformal deformation of the hyperbolic disc. We prove an existence result for the above equation.
On Allee effects in structured populations
Authors: Schreiber Sebastian
Published: June 2004

Maps

f
(
x
)
=
A
(
x
)
x

f(x)=A(x)x

of the nonnegative cone

C
C

of

R

k

{\mathbf R}^k

into itself are considered where

A
(
x
)

A(x)

are nonnegative, primitive matrices with nondecreasing entries and at least one increasing entry. Let

λ
(
x
)

\lambda (x)

denote the dominant eigenvalue of

A
(
x
)

A(x)

and

λ
(
∞
)
=

sup

x
∈
C

λ
(
x
)

\lambda (\infty )=\sup _{x\in C} \lambda (x)

. These maps are shown to exhibit a dynamical trichotomy. First, if

λ
(
0
)
≥
1

\lambda (0)\ge 1

, then

lim

n
→
∞

‖

f
n

(
x
)
‖
=
∞

\lim _{n\to \infty } \|f^n(x)\|=\infty

for all nonzero

x
∈
C

x\in C

. Second, if

λ
(
∞
)
≤
1

\lambda (\infty )\le 1

, then

lim

n
→
∞

f
n

(
x
)
=
0

\lim _{n\to \infty }f^n(x)=0

for all

x
∈
C

x\in C

. Finally, if

λ
(
0
)
>
1

\lambda (0)>1

and

λ
(
∞
)
>
1

\lambda (\infty )>1

, then there exists a compact invariant hypersurface

Γ
\Gamma

separating

C
C

. For

x
x

below

Γ
\Gamma

,

lim

n
→
∞

f
n

(
x
)
=
0

\lim _{n\to \infty }f^n(x)=0

, while for

x
x

above,

lim

n
→
∞

‖

f
n

(
x
)
‖
=
∞

\lim _{n\to \infty }\|f^n(x)\|=\infty

. An application to nonlinear Leslie matrices is given.
Interpolation between 𝐿₁ and 𝐿_{𝑝},1<𝑝<∞
Authors: Astashkin Sergei , Maligranda Lech
Published: June 2004

We show that if

X
X

is a rearrangement invariant space on

[
0
,
1
]

[0, 1]

that is an interpolation space between

L

1

L_{1}

and

L

∞

L_{\infty }

and for which we have only a one-sided estimate of the Boyd index

α
(
X
)
>
1

/

p
,
1
>
p
>
∞

\alpha (X) > 1/p, 1 > p > \infty

, then

X
X

is an interpolation space between

L

1

L_{1}

and

L

p

L_{p}

. This gives a positive answer for a question posed by Semenov. We also present the one-sided interpolation theorem about operators of strong type

(
1
,
1
)

(1, 1)

and weak type

(
p
,
p
)
,
1
>
p
>
∞

(p, p), 1 > p > \infty

.
On the lift-off constant for elastically supported plates
Authors: Bass R. , Horák J. , McKenna P.
Published: June 2004

In this paper we continue the study begun by Kawohl and Sweers of the precise constant at which the elastic foundation supporting a bending plate can allow lift-off in the case of downward loading. We provide a number of numerical results and a rigorous result on a different counterexample than the one suggested in Kawohl and Sweers (2002). Important open problems are summarized at the conclusion.
Some integrals in Ramanujan’s lost notebook
Authors: Berndt Bruce
Published: June 2004

On page 199 in his lost notebook, Ramanujan recorded three unusual integral formulas. Two of his assertions are correct, and proofs are given here. His third claim is incorrect, but it is true in a limiting form. The integrals arise from a claim in Ramanujan’s ordinary notebooks on the equality of certain integrals and series in which the integrand and the summands are themselves the same function.
Polynomials generated by linear operators
Authors: Galindo P. , Lourenço M. , Moraes L.
Published: June 2004

We study the class of Banach algebra-valued

n
n

-homogeneous polynomials generated by the

n

t
h

n^{th}

powers of linear operators. We compare it with the finite type polynomials. We introduce a topology

w

E
F

w_{EF}

on

E
,

E,

similar to the weak topology, to clarify the features of these polynomials.
Cohomology of symplectic reductions of generic coadjoint orbits
Authors: Goldin R. , Mare A.-L.
Published: June 2004

Let

O

λ

\mathcal {O}_\lambda

be a generic coadjoint orbit of a compact semi-simple Lie group

K
K

. Weight varieties are the symplectic reductions of

O

λ

\mathcal {O}_\lambda

by the maximal torus

T
T

in

K
K

. We use a theorem of Tolman and Weitsman to compute the cohomology ring of these varieties. Our formula relies on a Schubert basis of the equivariant cohomology of

O

λ

\mathcal {O}_\lambda

, and it makes explicit the dependence on

λ
\lambda

and a parameter in

L
i
e
(
T

)
∗

=:

t

∗

Lie(T)^*=:\mathfrak {t}^*

.
On finiteness of the set of intermediate subfactors
Authors: Khoshkam M. , Mashood B.
Published: June 2004

For type

I

I
1

II_1

factors

N
⊂
L

N\subset L

with

[
L
:
N
]
>
∞

[L:N]>\infty

, we show that the sets

L

1

=

{
M

∈

L

(
N

⊂

L
)
:

N
′

∩
L

⊂

M
}

\mathcal {L}_1\!=\!\{M\!\in \! \mathcal {L}(N\!\subset \! L)\colon N’\cap L\! \subset \! M\}

and

L

2

=

{
M

∈

L

(
N

⊂

L
)
:

N
′

∩
L

=

M
′

∩
L
}

\mathcal {L}_2\!=\!\{M\!\in \! \mathcal {L}(N\!\subset \! L)\colon N’\cap L \!=\!M’\cap L\}

are finite. Moreover,

L

(
N
⊂
L
)

\mathcal {L}(N\subset L)

, the set of intermediate subfactors, is finite if and only if it is equal to

L

1

∪

L

2

\mathcal {L}_1\cup \mathcal {L}_2

. If

N
N

is an irreducible subfactor, then we recover a result of Y. Watatani.
Gorenstein injective modules and local cohomology
Authors: Sazeedeh Reza
Published: June 2004

In this paper we assume that

R
R

is a Gorenstein Noetherian ring. We show that if

(
R
,

m

)

(R,\mathfrak {m})

is also a local ring with Krull dimension

d
d

that is less than or equal to 2, then for any nonzero ideal

a

\mathfrak {a}

of

R
R

,

H

a

d

(
R
)

H_{\mathfrak {a}}^d(R)

is Gorenstein injective. We establish a relation between Gorenstein injective modules and local cohomology. In fact, we will show that if

R
R

is a Gorenstein ring, then for any

R
R

-module

M
M

its local cohomology modules can be calculated by means of a resolution of

M
M

by Gorenstein injective modules. Also we prove that if

R
R

is

d
d

-Gorenstein,

M
M

is a Gorenstein injective and

a

\mathfrak a

is a nonzero ideal of

R
R

, then

Γ

a

(
M
)

{\Gamma }_{\mathfrak {a}}(M)

is Gorenstein injective.
Canceling branch points and cusps on projections of knotted surfaces in 4-space
Authors: Saeki Osamu , Takeda Yasushi
Published: June 2004

For a knotted surface in

4
4

-space, its generic projection into

3
3

-space has branch points as its singularities, and its successive projection into

2
2

-space has fold points and cusps as its singularities. In this paper, we show that for non-orientable knotted surfaces, the numbers of branch points and cusps can be minimized by isotopy.
Triangular 𝐺ₐ actions on 𝐂⁴
Authors: Deveney James , Finston David , van Rossum Peter
Published: June 2004

Every locally trivial action of the additive group of complex numbers on four-dimensional complex affine space that is given by a triangular derivation is conjugate to a translation. A criterion for a proper action on complex affine

n
n

-space to be locally trivial is given, along with an example showing that the hypotheses of the criterion are sharp.
Vector measure Banach spaces containing a complemented copy of 𝑐₀
Authors: Picón A. , Piñeiro C.
Published: June 2004

Let

X
X

a Banach space and

Σ
\Sigma

a

σ
\sigma

-algebra of subsets of a set

Ω
\Omega

. We say that a vector measure Banach space

(

M

(
Σ
,
X
)
,
‖
⋅

‖

M

)

(\mathcal {M} (\Sigma , X ) , \Vert \cdot \Vert _\mathcal {M })

has the bounded Vitaly-Hahn-Sacks Property if it satisfies the following condition: Every vector measure

m
:
Σ
⟶
X

m : \Sigma \longrightarrow X

, for which there exists a bounded sequence

(

m

n

)

(m_{n})

in

M

(
Σ
,
X
)

\mathcal {M } (\Sigma , X )

verifying

lim

n
→
∞

m

n

(
A
)
=
m
(
A
)

\displaystyle \lim _{n \to \infty } m_{n} ( A ) = m(A)

for all

A
∈
Σ

A \in \Sigma

, must belong to

M

(
Σ
,
X
)

\mathcal {M} (\Sigma , X)

. Among other results, we prove that, if

M

(
Σ
,
X
)

\mathcal {M}(\Sigma , X)

is a vector measure Banach space with the bounded V-H-S Property and containing a complemented copy of

c

0

c_{0}

, then

X
X

contains a copy of

c

0

c_{0}

.
Commutative subalgebras of the corona
Authors: Kucerovsky Dan
Published: June 2004

We use methods of noncommutative functional analysis to extend the range of the usual functional calculus, for certain subalgebras of the corona. In particular, we construct corona projections with interesting properties.
Weak spectral synthesis for the projective tensor product of commutative Banach algebras
Authors: Kaniuth Eberhard
Published: June 2004

Let

A
A

and

B
B

be regular commutative Banach algebras and

A

⊗
^

B

A \widehat {\otimes } B

their projective tensor product, and suppose that

A

⊗
^

B

A \widehat {\otimes } B

is semisimple. We investigate the relation between weak spectral synthesis properties of

A

⊗
^

B

A \widehat {\otimes } B

and those of

A
A

and

B
B

.
Reflection quotients in Riemannian geometry. A geometric converse to Chevalley’s theorem
Authors: Milson R.
Published: June 2004

Chevalley’s theorem and its converse, the Sheppard-Todd theorem, assert that finite reflection groups are distinguished by the fact that the ring of invariant polynomials is freely generated. We show that, in the Euclidean case, a weaker condition suffices to characterize finite reflection groups, namely, that a freely-generated polynomial subring is closed with respect to the gradient product.
Mean and variance of the Gibbs free energy of oligonucleotides in the nearest neighbor model under varying conditions
Authors: Rahmann Sven , Gräfe Christine
Published: June 2004

Motivation: In order to assess the stability of DNA–DNA hybridizations—for example during PCR primer design or oligonucleotide selection for microarrays—one needs to predict the change in Gibbs free energy ΔG during hybridization. The nearest neighbor model provides a good compromise between accuracy and computational simplicity for this task.

To determine optimal combinations of reaction parameters (temperature, salt concentration, oligonucleotide length and GC-content), one would like to understand how ΔG depends on all of these parameters simultaneously.

Results: We derive analytic results about the distribution of nearest neighbor ΔG values for a Bernoulli random sequence model (specified by oligonucleotide length and average GC-content) under given experimental conditions. We find that the distribution of ΔG values is approximately Gaussian and provide exact formulas for expectation and variance.
GOLDsurfer: three dimensional display of linkage disequilibrium
Authors: Pettersson Fredrik , Jonsson Oskar , Cardon Lon R.
Published: June 2004

Summary: GOLDsurfer is a java-based analysis and graphics program for three-dimensional plotting of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Simultaneous presentation of LD measures, including recombination rate estimates and disease association statistics, helps to clarify LD patterns and facilitates interpretations based on multiple indices of local genetic data.

Availability: GOLDsurfer is available at www.umbio.com and is embedded with the Evince graphical software package.
TMRPres2D: high quality visual representation of transmembrane protein models
Authors: Spyropoulos Ioannis C. , Liakopoulos Theodore D. , Bagos Pantelis G. , Hamodrakas Stavros J.
Published: June 2004

Summary: The ‘TransMembrane protein Re-Presentation in 2-Dimensions’ (TMRPres2D) tool, automates the creation of uniform, two-dimensional, high analysis graphical images/models of alpha-helical or beta-barrel transmembrane proteins. Protein sequence data and structural information may be acquired from public protein knowledge bases, emanate from prediction algorithms, or even be defined by the user. Several important biological and physical sequence attributes can be embedded in the graphical representation.

Availability:  http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/TMRPres2D
Taverna: a tool for the composition and enactment of bioinformatics workflows
Authors: Oinn Tom , Addis Matthew , Ferris Justin , Marvin Darren , Senger Martin , Greenwood Mark , Carver Tim , Glover Kevin , Pocock Matthew R. , Wipat Anil , Li Peter
Published: June 2004

Motivation:  In silico experiments in bioinformatics involve the co-ordinated use of computational tools and information repositories. A growing number of these resources are being made available with programmatic access in the form of Web services. Bioinformatics scientists will need to orchestrate these Web services in workflows as part of their analyses.

Results: The Taverna project has developed a tool for the composition and enactment of bioinformatics workflows for the life sciences community. The tool includes a workbench application which provides a graphical user interface for the composition of workflows. These workflows are written in a new language called the simple conceptual unified flow language (Scufl), where by each step within a workflow represents one atomic task. Two examples are used to illustrate the ease by which in silico experiments can be represented as Scufl workflows using the workbench application.

Availability: The Taverna workflow system is available as open source and can be downloaded with example Scufl workflows from http://taverna.sourceforge.net
The CRASSS plug-in for integrating annotation data with hierarchical clustering results
Authors: Buehler Eugen C. , Sachs Jeffrey R. , Shao Kui , Bagchi Ansuman , Ungar Lyle H.
Published: June 2004

Summary: We describe an algorithm for finding the most statistically significant non-overlapping subtrees of a hierarchical clustering of gene expression data with respect to a set of secondary data labels on genes. The method is implemented as a Java plug-in for a commercial gene expression analysis program (GeneSpring).

Availability: The JAR (Java Archive) file needed to use this plug-in and instructions on its installation and use can be obtained from http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~buehler/CRASSS.html. Versions of this plug-in are available for GeneSpring 5.0.2 and GeneSpring 6.1.1, and have been tested under Windows XP.
An integrated process for forming manufacturing technology acquisition decisions
Authors: Baines Tim
Published: June 2004

The right manufacturing technology at the right time can enable an organisation to produce products that are cheaper, better, and made faster than those of the competition. Paradoxically, the wrong technology, or even the right technology poorly implemented, can be disastrous. The decision process through which practitioners acquire manufacturing technologies can significantly impact on their eventual capabilities and performance. This complete process has unfortunately received limited attention in previous studies. Therefore, the work presented in this paper has investigated leading research and industrial practices to create a formal and rational decision process, and then evaluated this through an extended and in‐depth case study of a manufacturing technology acquisition. An analysis of previous literature, industrial practices, and the resulting decision process are all presented in this paper.
Analytic hierarchy process helps evaluate project in Indian oil pipelines industry
Authors: Dey Prasanta Kumar
Published: June 2004

Conventionally, oil pipeline projects are evaluated thoroughly by the owner before investment decision is made using market, technical and financial analysis sequentially. The market analysis determines pipelines throughput and supply and demand points. Subsequent, technical analysis identifies technological options and economic and financial analysis then derives the least cost option among all technically feasible options. The subsequent impact assessment tries to justify the selected option by addressing environmental and social issues. The impact assessment often suggests alternative sites, technologies, and/or implementation methodology, necessitating revision of technical and financial analysis. This study addresses these issues via an integrated project evaluation and selection model. The model uses analytic hierarchy process, a multiple‐attribute decision‐making technique. The effectiveness of the model has been demonstrated through a case application on cross‐country petroleum pipeline project in India.
Business timeliness: the intersections of strategy and operations management
Authors: Teck Hui Loi
Published: June 2004

A compressed cycle time enables products to be manufactured more quickly and has the potential of locking in the most profitable customer. Applies time‐based process mapping (TBPM), a time compression technique, to a firm that operates in a resource‐based environment, and undertake detailed case studies. Analyses the firm's key supply chains and examine related strategic issues. Competitive forces analyses indicate that depleting supply, which is valuable, in an attractive industry affects considerably the time horizon of strategy formulation. Robust supply chains integration requires a good consideration of a firm's resources, capabilities and external environments. Both the industrial organisation and resource‐based view are important to sustain business timeliness and operations management. It seems, from the case studies, that in times of intense competition with shortages of resources, continued globalisation, and the fast and slow world divide, the integration of value chains and systems is an effective way of achieving business timeliness. Enabling yet effective strategies and technologies only come to their optimum with proper leadership – the interconnectivity of the time compression triangle.
Agile manufacturing practices in the specialty chemical industry
Authors: Guisinger A. , Ghorashi B.
Published: June 2004

The objective of this study was to examine the trends in the specialty chemical industry that have led to the rising number of agile practices and “virtual” organizations. The current state of the industry is also presented. An agile company can be defined as an enterprise that is capable of operating profitably in a competitive environment of continually, and unpredictably, changing customer opportunities. The five most prevalent agile practices in the specialty chemical industry can be summarized as, entering niche markets through custom chemicals manufacturing, improving relationships with suppliers (also, a lean manufacturing practice), formation of strategic partnerships, adaptation of advanced technology/research, and the emergence of “virtual” firms. Examples and case studies from other authors are cited and commented upon with respect to these five agile practices. In addition, actual results from the study of a small specialty chemical firm have been used to ascertain the level of agility that this firm utilizes. A comparison of this manufacturing company's practices with the case studies from the literature reveals how a small‐intermediate size manufacturer can properly implement many agile manufacturing practices and position itself for growth and competitiveness in its category and class.
Popular fiction in Israel: comparative perspectives
Authors: Tirosh Nurit
Published: June 2004

In light of the place of popular fiction in world cultural history and in the context of the broader debate of “high culture versus popular culture”, this article addresses the importance of popular fiction in the academic library. The article compares the attitude of Israeli academic libraries towards popular fiction to the attitude of parallel American university and research libraries. A survey of a sample of academic curriculi and libraries in Israel suggests no established policy related to collection development and the acquisition of popular fiction. While leading American academic institutions adopt such policy, no such trends are evident in Israeli institutions. According to the polysystem theory of literature, popular fiction should have a status of its own as one of various systems within a structured whole. As such, it is a legitimate subject of literary research. Popular fiction as an interdisciplinary subject may interest researchers from different fields of study in the humanities and the social sciences. The need to establish a collection development and acquisition policy for popular fiction in order to facilitate systematic and continuous research in this field is thus indicated. This endeavour should be coordinated both regionally and nationally.
A study of the film properties of pigmented UV‐curable epoxidised soybean oil
Authors: Bajpai M. , Shukla V. , Singh D.K. , Singh M. , Shukla R.
Published: June 2004

Development of new radiation‐curable materials for the application in radiation curing technology is of significant importance. Most of the commercially available radiation‐curable resins are derived from synthetic raw materials. The synthesis of acrylated, epoxidised soybean oil (ESO) from ESO had been carried out by reacting acrylic acid with the oxirane group in ESO. The acrylated ESO products were characterised using a variety of analytical techniques. Thus, the oxygen value, the iodine value, the acid value and the infrared spectra of the acrylated ESO products were obtained. Pigmented acrylated ESO systems were prepared and found to cure on exposure to UV radiation.
Eight essentials of performance measurement
Authors: Moullin Max
Published: June 2004

A well‐designed performance measurement system is vital for ensuring that organisations deliver cost‐effective, high‐quality services that meet the needs of service users. Without feedback on all important aspects and a system for ensuring that the organisation acts on that information, managers are struggling in the dark to improve services. However, performance measurement is not easy, particularly in health and public services where a wide range of stakeholders is involved. This article discusses what the author considers to be the eight essentials of performance measurement. Though described in the context of health and social care, they are important for organisations in all sectors.
“Don't write about it”
Authors: Eveline Joan , Booth Michael
Published: June 2004

This paper uses ethnographic data from an Australian university to explore constructs of “otherness” focusing on women in lower‐level university work. The work of these women, who hold both academic and non‐academic staff positions, takes place in the spatial and symbolic locale we call the “ivory basement“. Poststructural feminism provides the basis for an examination of the contradictions and subtleties of their identity work as they respond to the pressures of restructuring and managerialism. Faced with a request from these women for certain aspects of their relational work to remain unseen, unrecognised and unspoken, this study assents to that request and focuses instead on options for how poststructural feminism might elaborate their identity work stories. The paper is concerned with the tensions between women's own struggle with being positioned as “other” and poststructural feminist theorizing of the same.
Powerful discourses for social service
Authors: Gatenby Bev , Morrison Hume Karen
Published: June 2004

Describes an action research project in a church affiliated, community‐based social service organisation in Aotearoa, New Zealand, in which feminist and poststructural discourse theory is drawn on to examine collaboratively the discourses available and impinging upon the work of staff developing a residential service for women and children. Managerial, psychology and human rights discourses dominated the possibilities for the work. Some staff chose to resist these by articulating and positioning themselves within social justice, communitarian and liberation theology discourses.
Hospitality ethics curriculum: an industry perspective
Authors: Yeung Sylvester
Published: June 2004

In curriculum design, it is important to solicit the industry's views to ensure its relevancy to industry needs. Therefore, this study conducted a questionnaire survey with 308 hospitality employees who helped in identifying the importance of 39 ethical issues in the hospitality industry. It is assumed that the more important an issue is rated, the more important it is to include its discussion in the curriculum. The two most important issues were found to be “Theft of company property by employees” and “Sexual harassment on the job”. When factor analysis was adopted, eight factors were identified which include, in descending order of importance, “environmental protection”, “social conscience and employee integrity”, “social justice”, “consumer protection”, “business fraud”, “employee equity”, “privacy of employees” and finally “personal advantage”. It is recommended that developers of hospitality curricula should consider the inclusion of these ethical issues in their programs.
Demand and supply chains:the value catalyst
Authors: Rainbird Mark
Published: June 2004

The notion that firms have demand chains as well as supply chains is one that is gaining currency. It is suggested that taking a broad perspective of the demand chain as all those processes in the firm which interact with and translate customer requirements throws a new light on how a firm's value chain operates as a whole. Looking at some retail examples, including McDonald's in particular, it is argued that managing the interaction of a firm's supply chain and its demand chain is critical to the effectiveness of that entities business model. This interaction involves a fusion of processes in what is termed a Value Catalyst. This catalysis effect involves interaction costs and tension as processes continually bundle and unbundled. It is argued that while the deliberate creation and purposeful management of tension may seem odd, it in fact accords with day‐to‐day management reality and is a potential source of dynamism within the firm.
Creating and managing value in collaborative networks
Authors: Bititci Umit S. , Martinez Veronica , Albores Pavel , Parung Joniarto
Published: June 2004

This is a theoretical paper that examines the interplay between individual and collective capabilities and competencies and value transactions in collaborative environments. The theory behind value creation is examined and two types of value are identified, internal value (shareholder value) and external value (value proposition). The literature on collaborative enterprises/network is also examined with particular emphasis on supply chains, extended/virtual enterprises and clusters as representatives of different forms and maturities of collaboration. The interplay of value transactions and competencies and capabilities are examined and discussed in detail. Finally, a model is presented which consists of value transactions and a table that compares the characteristics of different types of collaborative enterprises/networks. It is proposed that this model presents a platform for further research to develop an in‐depth understanding into how value may be created and managed in collaborative enterprises/networks.
Managing the value delivery process
Authors: Turner Trevor , Martinez Veronica , Bititci Umit
Published: June 2004

This paper introduces a reference model for the life cycle of a logical business unit (LBU). It goes on to explain how the model was deduced from empirical data generated during participation by the authors in a series of change management interventions in various organisations situated in the West of Scotland. Case studies are used from these interventions to illustrate how the application of reliability‐engineering concepts was used to explore the performance of business processes in delivering stakeholder value. It is recommended that “generate” “decommission” and “remedial” business processes are added to a widely used business process framework. This new framework when used for lifecycle planning of LBUs in conjunction with the LBU life cycle model can assist businesses in reliable delivery of stakeholder value.
A framework for operations management: the value chain
Authors: Rainbird Mark
Published: June 2004

Proposes that a broad perspective needs to be taken of operations management, so that it is no longer seen as the domain of mechanistic functionalism, but rather as the architect and engineer of the business model driving in turn the firm's creation of value. Suggests that a value chain approach provides an appropriate framework for such business model architecture. Draws a distinction between industry level value chains and value chain analysis at the level of the firm where the focus is on business processes. Suggests that mapping one against the other is critical to business model effectiveness and the creation of value. Finally, notes that a firm's value chain should not be seen as necessarily a series of smooth synchronous links, but as dynamic that creates its own interaction costs. This should not be seen as dysfunctional, but as a source of dynamism replicating the market environment the firm is operating in. While it does not sit well with the notions of scientific management so commonly associated with classical operations management, suggests that this process fusion is a fundamental aspect of the firm's operations that needs to be purposefully managed.
Mathematical simulation of surface wave created in a mold due to submerged entry nozzle
Authors: Dash Sukanta K. , Sunder Mondal Swasti , Ajmani Satish K.
Published: June 2004

Two‐dimensional numerical simulations have been performed using a finite volume method that employs unstructured grids with cell‐wise local refinement and an interface‐capturing scheme to predict the shape of the free surface, thus simulating the surface wave that is created in a mold due to the flow from the submerged entry nozzle (SEN). Simulation has been done for 1:6.25 aspect ratio of the mold having a height of 2 m with parallel rectangular ports as well as 15° upward and downward ports. It has been found that for low inlet velocity of the SEN (<1 m/s) the maximum wave amplitude of the surface remains below 12 mm and no outside air is entrapped by the wave to form a bubble. However, for high inlet velocity (2 m/s or more) there is considerable fluctuations on the free surface and the maximum wave amplitude shoot up beyond 70 mm at the start up and slowly falls to about 30 mm entrapping air bubbles from the surroundings. The movement of the air bubble within the mold and its rise to the free surface where it subsequently collapses has been captured well in the numerical simulation. The overall shape of the free surface matches well, excepting the initial transience, with that of the experimentally observed free surface, although the free surface never attains a perfect steady shape neither in the experiment nor in the numerical simulation due to its continuous oscillation and breaking.
Practical barriers in using educational computer games
Authors: Egenfeldt‐Nielsen Simon
Published: June 2004

This paper outlines the barriers for using computer games in an educational setting by drawing on a study of a two‐month history course with the historical strategy game Europa Universalis II. The paper draws on the limited earlier literature on the subject to identify classic areas of difficulty. Some of these are time schedule, physical setting, class expectations, teacher background, genre knowledge, technical problems, experience with group work, teacher preparation, perception of games, class size, priority issue. It is concluded that these factors add up to a tremendous workload on teachers that wish to engage with educational computer games and demands that the teacher possesses a variety of skills.
Making visible: using simulation and game environments across disciplines
Authors: Jackson Mindy
Published: June 2004

Simulation and game environments exemplify effective pedagogical principles; enable students to manipulate concepts, principles, systems and variables; and are applicable to curricula across academic disciplines. Illustrative examples of simulations and games used for instruction by government, industry and academia are provided.
Games/gaming/simulation in a new media (literature) classroom
Authors: Rettberg Scott
Published: June 2004

Discusses some practical issues involved in teaching new media studies in a literature classroom, focusing on the necessity of teaching literature students to consider the language of gaming in the study of new media literary forms, on teaching collaborative writing for the electronic media as a form of writing game, and on considering contemporary computer games in a cultural studies context.
Financial challenges and complexity in the management of an intensive care/coronary care unit: a case study
Authors: Lahaie Denis S.
Published: June 2004

This case study, written by the manager of an intensive/coronary care unit of an Ontario hospital, demonstrates the difficulties faced by health care managers in controlling costs and dealing with complexity in the current health care and hospital environment. The case describes actions taken to reduce staffing expenditures in an intensive care unit through a rearrangement of nursing duties and the introduction of a different level of nursing staff to take over some of the nursing duties previously carried out by registered nurses. Although the actions were unsuccessful, the careful documentation and analysis of the results of the actions brings to the fore the multi‐faceted nature of the problems faced by hospitals in managing their costs and at the same time meeting their medical mandate. Concludes by pointing to the ongoing nature of the cost problem as nursing professionals are caught in the squeeze between providing the service they are trained for, and their need for appropriate compensation under conditions of increasing work pressure.
Small independent retail firms and locational decision‐making: outdoor leisure retailing by the crags
Authors: Pioch Elke , Byrom John
Published: June 2004

The importance of location to retail organisations has long been recognised in the geography and retail marketing literatures, with subjective and “gut feel” methods of evaluation emerging as highly significant factors in the decision‐making process. Through the application of existing frameworks we seek to highlight the importance of location to small independent retailers in the context of outdoor leisure retailing. The case of “UpFront”, a pseudonym for a retailer operating four outlets in Great Britain, is presented. It is shown that, although based largely on luck and opportunism, the firm's locational “strategy” has been crucial to its success as a leading player in the sector. Based on detailed interviews with the managing director and employees, the role and importance of location as a critical success factor to the organisation is presented. In conclusion, a call is made for greater engagement with the nuances of location to small retail organisations, given its impact on a large number of retail operations.
A Round By Any Other Name: The WTO Agenda After Doha
Authors: Laird Sam
Published: June 2004

The WTO agenda decided at Doha in November 2001 has all the hallmarks of a new trade round, although the word ‘round’ has been carefully avoided. To the already mandated negotiations on agriculture and services, Doha added negotiations on industrial products and the environment as well as reviews of the operation of WTO rules in several areas. Negotiations are also to begin on the highly contentious areas of investment and competition policy. Developing countries have been reluctant to contemplate such wider commitments, arguing that much still remains to be done on implementation of the Uruguay Round, and in this they received a degree of satisfaction. In the work ahead, however, much needs to be done to take account of their needs.
Investment and Competition Policy in the WTO: Issues for Developing Countries
Authors: Morrissey Oliver
Published: June 2004

This article uses the case of trade‐related investment measures (TRIMs) to examine the liberalisation of investment and its potential impact on developing countries. Very few developing countries actually use TRIMs to any appreciable degree, but, when taken in conjunction with the broader liberalisation of investment, the 1994 TRIMs Agreement has significant implications that will constrain governments’ policy options and require issues of competition policy to be addressed. Multilateral competition policy would be difficult to agree and implement and the article considers alternative strategies that developing countries could adopt.
Donor‐specific sensitization by cadaveric venous allografts used for arterial reconstruction in peripheral arterial occlusive vascular disease
Authors: Balzer K.M. , Luther B. , Sandmann W. , Wassmuth R.
Published: June 2004

Abstract:  The use of allogeneic venous grafts from postmortal organ donors allows for the reconstruction of critically affected arteries in patients with peripheral occlusive vascular disease. We were interested to determine the prevalence and specificity of anti‐HLA antibodies in patients after allogeneic vein transplantation. Anti‐HLA class I and II alloantibodies were analyzed by flowcytometric analysis using color‐coded microbeads coated with HLA antigens including recombinant single antigens. Nine out of 10 patients involving 12 venous allografts were positive for anti‐HLA alloantibodies. All antibody‐positive patients carried both anti‐HLA class I and II alloantibodies. Anti‐donor HLA specificity of the anti‐HLA alloantibodies was seen in seven out of nine patients for anti‐class I antibodies and in eight out of nine patients for anti‐HLA class II antibodies. A high rate of donor‐specific allosensitization was seen after allogeneic venous transplantation. In conclusion, allosensitization not only includes a humoral response against the constitutively expressed class I antigens but also extends to class II antigens.
Identification of a novel HLA‐B*55 variant (B*5513) from a Korean family
Authors: Park H.‐S , Choi J.‐H. , Lee K.W.
Published: June 2004

Abstract:  The novel allele, B*5513, was identified from three siblings of a Korean family. Direct DNA sequencing analysis revealed that B*5513 differed from B*5502 by a single‐nucleotide substitution at codon 116 (TTA→TTC) resulting in an amino acid change from leucine to phenylalanine. This substitution altered serologic reactivity of the B55 molecule to B22‐specific alloantisera.
What goes on inside my head when I'm writing? A case study of 8–9‐year‐old boys
Authors: Ruttle Kate
Published: June 2004

This article explores the idea that in order to improve the way we teach children to write, we need to improve our understanding of children as writers. Although developing their metacognitive skills can give us a clearer window into children's understanding, we must be wary of assuming that they ascribe the same meaning to their metacognitive metalanguage as we, their teachers, do. But we also need to beware of making assessments based just on the children's writing – children can use writing to hide from us what they do not know and cannot do. Through the presentation of three brief case studies of lower‐attaining Year 4 (8–9‐year‐old boys) the article considers the implications of assessing writing without acknowledging the role of the writer.
A psoriasis vulgaris protective gene maps close to the HLA‐C locus on the EH18.2‐extended haplotype
Authors: Contu L. , Orrù S. , Carcassi C. , Giuressi E. , Mulargia M. , Cappai L. , Valentini D. , Lai S. , Boero R. , Masala M.V. , Aste N. , Biggio P. , Cottoni F. , Cerimele D.
Published: June 2004

Abstract We determined the molecular haplotypes of the HLA‐A, HLA‐C and HLA‐B loci and the MHC class I‐B‐related (MIB) microsatellite in 179 unrelated psoriatic patients (72 familial cases) and in 120 controls. The HLA‐A*3002‐Cw*0501‐B*1801‐MIB1 haplotype showed a strong negative association with psoriasis vulgaris (PV) and in particular with familial PV, revealing the presence of a PV‐protective gene. Analysis of association and linkage disequilibrium of the single alleles and the various two‐three‐four‐locus segments of this haplotype indicated the presence of a protective gene telomeric to the HLA‐C locus. This finding was confirmed in 13 informative multiplex PV families, in which at least one parent carried the EH18.2 haplotype. In two families, an affected sibling presented HLA‐A/C recombination on the EH18.2 haplotype. A study of 12 polymorphic microsatellites in all members of the informative families, 145 PV patients, 120 controls and 32 EH18.2 homozygous healthy individuals demonstrated that the protection conferred by the EH18.2 haplotype lies within a 170 kb interval between the C143 and C244 loci, most probably in a 60 kb segment between the C132 and C244 loci.
Association between human leukocyte antigen‐G genotype and success of in vitro fertilization and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Hviid T.V.F. , Hylenius S. , Lindhard A. , Christiansen O.B.
Published: June 2004

Abstract:  To determine if a 14‐bp deletion/insertion polymorphism in the 3′‐untranslated region of exon 8 of the gene encoding human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G in a homozygous form is associated with repeated, unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments, and with increased risk of recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA), 29 white women undergoing IVF treatments, 61 RSA women and 93 fertile controls were HLA‐G genotype. The HLA‐G genotype, homozygous for the presence of the 14 bp sequence in exon 8, was significantly associated with reduced fertility with respect to unsuccessful IVF treatments and increased risk of recurrent miscarriage (combined P < 0.01). The 14‐bp insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with differences in HLA‐G mRNA alternative splicing and levels of HLA‐G. This might affect a possible immunomodulatory role of HLA‐G expression in both the mother and foetus during implantation and pregnancy.