bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Based Botnet Detection in Software-Defined Network: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shinan Khlood , Alsubhi Khalid , Alzahrani Ahmed , Ashraf Muhammad Usman
Published: May 2021

In recent decades, the internet has grown and changed the world tremendously, and this, in turn, has brought about many cyberattacks. Cybersecurity represents one of the most serious threats to society, and it costs millions of dollars each year. The most significant question remains: Where do these attacks come from? The answer is that botnets provide platforms for cyberattacks. For many organizations, a botnet-assisted attack is a terrifying threat that can cause financial losses and leave global victims in its wake. It is therefore imperative to defend organizations against botnet-assisted attacks. Software defined networking (SDN) has emerged as one of the most promising paradigms for this because it allows exponential increases in the complexity of network management and configuration. SDN has a substantial advantage over traditional approaches with regard to network management because it separates the control plane from network equipment. However, security challenges continue to arise, which raises the need for different types of implementation strategies to spread attack vectors, despite the significant benefits. The main objective of this survey is to assess botnet detection techniques by using systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We evaluated various articles published since 2006 in the field of botnet detection, based on machine learning, and from 2015 in the field of SDN. Specifically, we used top-rated journals that featured the highest impact factors. In this paper, we aim to elaborate on several research areas regarding botnet attacks, detection techniques, machine learning, and SDN. We also address current research challenges and propose directions for future research.
A New Formulation of Maxwell’s Equations
Authors: Fialová Simona , Pochylý František
Published: May 2021

In this paper, new forms of Maxwell’s equations in vector and scalar variants are presented. The new forms are based on the use of Gauss’s theorem for magnetic induction and electrical induction. The equations are formulated in both differential and integral forms. In particular, the new forms of the equations relate to the non-stationary expressions and their integral identities. The indicated methodology enables a thorough analysis of non-stationary boundary conditions on the behavior of electromagnetic fields in multiple continuous regions. It can be used both for qualitative analysis and in numerical methods (control volume method) and optimization. The last Section introduces an application to equations of magnetic fluid in both differential and integral forms.
Shining a Light on Colibactin Biology
Authors: Dougherty Michael W. , Jobin Christian
Published: May 2021

Colibactin is a secondary metabolite encoded by the pks gene island identified in several Enterobacteriaceae, including some pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) commonly enriched in mucosal tissue collected from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. E. coli harboring this biosynthetic gene cluster cause DNA damage and tumorigenesis in cell lines and pre-clinical models, yet fundamental knowledge regarding colibactin function is lacking. To accurately assess the role of pks+ E. coli in cancer etiology, the biological mechanisms governing production and delivery of colibactin by these bacteria must be elucidated. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in our understanding of colibactin’s structural mode-of-action and mutagenic potential with consideration for how this activity may be regulated by physiologic conditions within the intestine.
Antifungal Activity of Quinofumelin against Fusarium graminearum and Its Inhibitory Effect on DON Biosynthesis
Authors: Xiu Qian , Bi Lianyu , Xu Haorong , Li Tao , Zhou Zehua , Li Zhongke , Wang Jianxin , Duan Yabing , Zhou Mingguo
Published: May 2021

Fusarium graminearum, causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), causes a huge economic loss. No information is available on the activity of quinofumelin, a novel quinoline fungicide, against F. graminearum or other phytopathogens. In this study, we used mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition methods to determine the inhibitory effect of quinofumelin against F. graminearum in vitro. The results indicated that quinofumelin excellently inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of F. graminearum, with the average EC50 values of 0.019 ± 0.007 μg/mL and 0.087 ± 0.024 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, we found that quinofumelin could significantly decrease deoxynivalenol (DON) production and inhibit the expression of DON-related gene TRI5 in F. graminearum. Furthermore, we found that quinofumelin could disrupt the formation of Fusarium toxisome, a structure for producing DON. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the translation level of TRI1, a marker gene for Fusarium toxisome, was suppressed by quinofumelin. The protective and curative assays indicated that quinofumelin had an excellent control efficiency against F. graminearum on wheat coleoptiles. Taken together, quinofumelin exhibits not only an excellent antifungal activity on mycelial growth and spore germination, but also could inhibit DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum. The findings provide a novel candidate for controlling FHB caused by F. graminearum.
SARS-CoV-2 Persistent Viral Shedding in the Context of Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Treatment
Authors: Drancourt Michel , Cortaredona Sébastien , Melenotte Cléa , Amrane Sophie , Eldin Carole , La Scola Bernard , Parola Philippe , Million Matthieu , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Raoult Didier , Colson Philippe
Published: May 2021

SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal shedding contributes to the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. Among 3271 COVID-19 patients treated at the Hospital University Institute Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France from 3 March to 27 April 2020, tested at least twice by qRT-PCR, the median SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal shedding duration was 6 days (range 2–54 days). Compared with short shedders (qRT-PCR positivity < 10 days), 34 (1.04%) persistent shedders (qRT-PCR positivity ≥ 17 days; mean ± SD: 23.3 ± 3.8 days) were significantly older, with associated comorbidities, exhibiting lymphopenia, eosinopenia, increased D-dimer and increased troponin (p < 0.05), and were hospitalized in intensive care unit in 17.7% vs. 1.1% of cases (p < 0.0001). Viral culture was positive in six persistent shedders after day 10, including in one patient after day 17, and no viral co-pathogen was detected in 33 tested patients. Persistent shedders received azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine ≥ 3 days in 26/34 (76.5%) patients, a figure significantly lower than in short shedders (86.6%) (p = 0.042). Accordingly, mortality was 14.7% vs. 0.5% (p < 0.0001). Persistent shedding was significantly associated with persistent dyspnea and anosmia/ageusia (p < 0.05). In the context of COVID-19 treatment, including treatment with azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine, the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal shedding was a rare event, most frequently encountered in elderly patients with comorbidities and lacking azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine treatment.
Scalable, Micro-Neutralization Assay for Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Human Clinical Samples
Authors: Bennett Richard S. , Postnikova Elena N. , Liang Janie , Gross Robin , Mazur Steven , Dixit Saurabh , Kocher Gregory , Yu Shuiqing , Georgia-Clark Shalamar , Gerhardt Dawn , Cai Yingyun , Marron Lindsay , Lukin Vladimir V. , Holbrook Michael R.
Published: May 2021

As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic expanded, it was clear that effective testing for the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the blood of convalescent patients would be critical for development of plasma-based therapeutic approaches. To address the need for a high-quality neutralization assay against SARS-CoV-2, a previously established fluorescence reduction neutralization assay (FRNA) against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was modified and optimized. The SARS-CoV-2 FRNA provides a quantitative assessment of a large number of infected cells through use of a high-content imaging system. Because of this approach, and the fact that it does not involve subjective interpretation, this assay is more efficient and more accurate than other neutralization assays. In addition, the ability to set robust acceptance criteria for individual plates and specific test wells provided further rigor to this assay. Such agile adaptability avails use with multiple virus variants. By February 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 FRNA had been used to screen over 5000 samples, including acute and convalescent plasma or serum samples and therapeutic antibody treatments, for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing titers.
Physical and Chemical Barriers in the Larval Midgut Confer Developmental Resistance to Virus Infection in Drosophila
Authors: Villegas-Ospina Simon , Merritt David J. , Johnson Karyn N.
Published: May 2021

Insects can become lethally infected by the oral intake of a number of insect-specific viruses. Virus infection commonly occurs in larvae, given their active feeding behaviour; however, older larvae often become resistant to oral viral infections. To investigate mechanisms that contribute to resistance throughout the larval development, we orally challenged Drosophila larvae at different stages of their development with Drosophila C virus (DCV, Dicistroviridae). Here, we showed that DCV-induced mortality is highest when infection initiates early in larval development and decreases the later in development the infection occurs. We then evaluated the peritrophic matrix as an antiviral barrier within the gut using a Crystallin-deficient fly line (Crys−/−), whose PM is weakened and becomes more permeable to DCV-sized particles as the larva ages. This phenotype correlated with increasing mortality the later in development oral challenge occurred. Lastly, we tested in vitro the infectivity of DCV after incubation at pH conditions that may occur in the midgut. DCV virions were stable in a pH range between 3.0 and 10.5, but their infectivity decreased at least 100-fold below (1.0) and above (12.0) this range. We did not observe such acidic conditions in recently hatched larvae. We hypothesise that, in Drosophila larvae, the PM is essential for containing ingested virions separated from the gut epithelium, while highly acidic conditions inactivate the majority of the virions as they transit.
Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in a Healthy Healthcare Worker in Italy Confirmed by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Loconsole Daniela , Sallustio Anna , Accogli Marisa , Centrone Francesca , Casulli Daniele , Madaro Antonino , Tedeschi Ersilia , Parisi Antonio , Chironna Maria
Published: May 2021

This study describes a case of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection confirmed by whole-genome sequencing in a healthy physician who had been working in a COVID-19 hospital in Italy since the beginning of the pandemic. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from the patient at each presentation as part of routine surveillance. Nucleic acid amplification testing was performed on the two samples to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection, and serological tests were used to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Comparative genome analysis with whole-genome sequencing was performed on nasopharyngeal swabs collected during the two episodes of COVID-19. The first COVID-19 episode was in March 2020, and the second was in January 2021. Both SARS-CoV-2 infections presented with mild symptoms, and seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 IgG was documented. Genomic analysis showed that the viral genome from the first infection belonged to the lineage B.1.1.74, while that from the second infection to the lineage B.1.177. Epidemiological, clinical, serological, and genomic analyses confirmed that the second episode of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the healthcare worker met the qualifications for “best evidence” for reinfection. Further studies are urgently needed to assess the frequency of such a worrisome occurrence, particularly in the light of the recent diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Five Year Follow Up of Extremely Low Gestational Age Infants after Timely or Delayed Administration of Routine Vaccinations
Authors: Fortmann Ingmar , Dammann Marie-Theres , Humberg Alexander , Siller Bastian , Stichtenoth Guido , Engels Geraldine , Marißen Janina , Faust Kirstin , Hanke Kathrin , Goedicke-Fritz Sybelle , Derouet Christoph , Meyer Sascha , Stutz Regine , Kaiser Elisabeth , Herting Egbert , Göpel Wolfgang , Härtel Christoph , Zemlin Michael ,   on behalf of the German Neonatal Network (GNN) and the PRIMAL Consortium
Published: May 2021

This study is aimed at detecting the rate of untimely immunization in a large cohort of extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) of the German Neonatal Network (GNN) and at addressing risk factors for delayed vaccination and associated long-term consequences. We performed an observational study of the GNN between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2019. The immunization status for the hexavalent and pneumococcal immunization was evaluated in n = 8401 preterm infants <29 weeks of gestation. Univariate analysis and logistic/linear regression models were used to identify risk factors for vaccination delay and outcomes at a 5-year follow-up. In our cohort n = 824 (9.8%) ELGANs did not receive a timely first immunization with the hexavalent and pneumococcal vaccine. Risk factors for delayed vaccination were SGA status (18.1% vs. 13.5%; OR 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–1.7), impaired growth and surrogates for complicated clinical courses (i.e., need for inotropes, necrotizing enterocolitis). At 5 years of age, timely immunized children had a lower risk of bronchitis (episodes within last year: 27.3% vs. 37.7%; OR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42–0.86) but spirometry measures were unaffected. In conclusion, a significant proportion of ELGANs are untimely immunized, specifically those with increased vulnerability, even though they might particularly benefit from the immune-promoting effects of a timely vaccination.
Additive Effects of Sediment and Nutrient on Leaf Litter Decomposition and Macroinvertebrates in Hyporheic Zone
Authors: Alam Md. Khorshed , Negishi Junjiro N. , Pongsivapai Pongpet , Yamashita Shohei , Nakagawa Tomohiro
Published: May 2021

Despite the fact that leaf decomposition constitutes an important function in rivers, how multiple environmental stressors simultaneously affect it remains largely unknown. This study investigated the interactive effects of fine sediments (particle size: <2 mm; experimentally manipulated) and a specific nutrient (i.e., nitrate) on subsurface (hyporheic) leaf litter decomposition rate and macroinvertebrates in a gravel-bed river and its tributary in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. The experiment was conducted by measuring leaf litter decomposition of dried Alnus japonica leaves (3 ± 0.05 g) in benthic and hyporheic zones with and without sediment treatments at four sites that had a gradient of nitrate concentration. The decomposition rate was comparable between the two zones but was slowed down by sediment addition in the hyporheic zone. The functional responses were highly predictable for the individual stressors. Detritivore invertebrates were the main driving component of decomposition in the decreased leaf litter decomposition rate under a higher fine sediment condition, whereas higher nitrate accelerated the leaf litter decomposition rate by stimulated microbe-driven decomposition as well as detritivore feeding. Overall, the negative effect of fine sediment could be offset in the presence of nitrate while considering gross functional responses. We demonstrated the additive effects of fine sediment and nitrate on leaf litter decomposition in the hyporheic zone.
Effects of Prometryn Exposure Scenarios on Microcystis aeruginosa Growth and Water Qualities in Incubator Experiments
Authors: Yang Zhenjiang , Huang Suiliang , Huang Xiaowen , Liang Xiaofu , Akram Waseem , Khatoon Zobia
Published: May 2021

Although multiple herbicide exposures are more prospective to occur in water, many previous studies were carried out as single herbicide exposure. To investigate the toxic effect of prometryn on cyanobacteria and water qualities, single and double prometryn exposures (at different growth phases) on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and concentrations of nutrients were compared after a 44-day experiment. Results indicated that under single exposure, maximum inhibition rates were 4.7–12.0% higher than those under double exposures. Correspondingly, the maximum Microcystis aeruginosa densities and growth rates under single exposure were 10.3–21.1% and 19.5–37.7% lower than those under double exposures (p < 0.05), respectively. These findings revealed that repeated prometryn exposures resulted in a reduction in biological effects, because the time of application and the concentration injected during the first application were both significant factors in the biological effects of prometryn. Prometryn exposure scenarios did not have a significant effect on nutrient or nutrient consumption concentrations (p > 0.05). In general, the pattern of nutrient limitation showed a shift from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation. The quantified relationships between Microcystis aeruginosa growth rates and consumed nutrients were studied. Based on the above findings, we believe that a high-dose and single prometryn exposure is a more effective exposure pattern for limiting cyanobacteria growth.
Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds: An Overview on Their Occurrence in the Aquatic Environment and Human Exposure
Authors: Pironti Concetta , Ricciardi Maria , Proto Antonio , Bianco Pietro Massimiliano , Montano Luigi , Motta Oriana
Published: May 2021

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) as emerging contaminants have accumulated in the aquatic environment at concentration levels that have been determined to be significant to humans and animals. Several compounds belong to this family, from natural substances (hormones such as estrone, 17-estradiol, and estriol) to synthetic chemicals, especially pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and plastic-derived compounds (phthalates, bisphenol A). In this review, we discuss recent works regarding EDC occurrence in the aquatic compartment, strengths and limitations of current analytical methods used for their detection, treatment technologies for their removal from water, and the health issues that they can trigger in humans. Nowadays, many EDCs have been identified in significant amounts in different water matrices including drinking water, thus increasing the possibility of entering the food chain. Several studies correlate human exposure to high concentrations of EDCs with serious effects such as infertility, thyroid dysfunction, early puberty, endometriosis, diabetes, and obesity. Although our intention is not to explain all disorders related to EDCs exposure, this review aims to guide future research towards a deeper knowledge of EDCs’ contamination and accumulation in water, highlighting their toxicity and exposure risks to humans.
Probiotics in Fish Nutrition—Long-Standing Household Remedy or Native Nutraceuticals?
Authors: Wuertz Sven , Schroeder Arne , Wanka Konrad M.
Published: May 2021

Over the last decades, aquaculture production increased rapidly. The future development of the industry highly relies on the sustainable utilization of natural resources. The need for improving disease resistance, growth performance, food conversion, and product safety for human consumption has stimulated the application of probiotics in aquaculture. Probiotics increase growth and feed conversion, improve health status, raise disease resistance, decrease stress susceptibility, and improve general vigor. Currently, most probiotics still originate from terrestrial sources rather than fish. However, host-associated (autochthonous) probiotics are likely more persistent in the gastrointestinal tract of fish and may, therefore, exhibit longer-lasting effects on the host. Probiotic candidates are commonly screened in in vitro assays, but the transfer to in vivo assessment is often problematic. In conclusion, modulation of the host-associated microbiome by the use of complex probiotics is promising, but a solid understanding of the interactions involved is only in its infancy and requires further research. Probiotics could be used to explore novel ingredients such as chitin-rich insect meal, which cannot be digested by the fish host alone. Most importantly, probiotics offer the opportunity to improve stress and disease resistance, which is among the most pressing problems in aquaculture.
Using of PPP mechanisms in rural social sphere: domestic and foreign experience
Authors: Semenova Elena Ivanovna , Novikov Vladimir Gennadievich
Published: May 2021

The article shows the importance of using the public-private partnership mechanism for the development of the social sphere of the village. Review of PPP implementation by countries G20 showed different legal approaches in PPP implementation, parallel use and concessions, and agreements, application of guaranteed minimum income and risk sharing among participants, use of different PPP support measures. The presented results of the questionnaire indicate the largest use of PPPs in housing and communal services — 272 projects (81.68 %), which is due to the high degree of wear and tear in water and heat supply, in education — 22 projects (6.61 %), mainly the construction of preschool institutions, school repairs, in the field of sports and tourism 14 projects (4.2 %) — the construction of sports grounds and stadiums, sports centers, 10 projects (3 %). Public-private partnership projects in the social sphere of rural areas are less marginal, their financing is associated with significant difficulties due to the heterogeneity of demand, the difficulty of forecasting consumer demand and assessing social effect. The development of public-private partnerships is constrained by the lack of necessary budget funds to ensure the minimum guaranteed income of a private partner, the duration and complexity of maintaining procedures.
Entre deuses e monstros
Authors: Rocha Gilmar
Published: May 2021

A percepção do corpo como sujeito da cultura acentuou-se na modernidade. Haja vista a relação do corpo com a cidade, ora servindo de modelo à cidade, ora a cidade parece interferir na composição dos corpos de seus habitantes. Em meio a essa relação morfológica, os corpos extraordinários ocupam um lugar privilegiado no imaginário científico e artístico-popular desde fins do século XVIII. Esse texto tem como objetivo delinear a “paisagem corporal” exibida a partir da industria da diversão e da “cultura dos músculos” nas sociedades anglo-saxã entre os anos de 1840-1940. Destaca-se, então, os corpos extraordinários que se mostram em excesso: de um lado, os corpos apolíneos à exemplo dos bodybuilders (ginastas, fisioculturistas, atletas etc); do outro lado, aqueles classificados como “freaks” (aberrações humanas) considerados “monstruosidades”. O circo, em especial, se revela uma “cultura extraordinária” na qual se dramatiza a constituição de uma singular paisagem corporal na América.
Conflict and Reconciliation Beween Orient and Occident in a Passage to India and a Passage to England
Authors: Siddika Mahmoda Khaton
Published: May 2021

E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India nourishes the facet of superiority and inferiority, self and other between occident and orient revealed in Orientalism. Through the character analysis and the development of the plot, the writer shows the conflicts of these senses. The novel narrates the colonial exercise-the English’s rule in India and the relationship between the Indians and the English. The perceived idea, misconception, and colonial politics prevail in the two races. The characters from the English and the Indians find the oriental concept a barrier in their integration for giving pre-eminence of everything occidental and representing the oriental as an inferior other. On the other hand, though Chaudhuri in his travelogue, A Passage to England rounds with a preconceived idea formulated by the west, he feels doubt to meet the west. But he feels home with the west after meeting them. The writer, through his experience, tries to find out the explanation of the west’s negative view on the East. The article tries to explore whether a proper reconciliation or harmony is possible in the conflict of orient and occident following thesis-antithesis-synthesis through the comparative analysis of these books.
An Extensive Review on Advance Forming Methods
Authors:   1MechanicalEngineering Department, Delhi Institute of Tool Engineering, Delhi, India, Kumar Praveen , Gandhi Tushar , Chandra Vaibhav ,   Engineer, PPAP Automotive Limited, NOIDA, UP, India.
Published: May 2021

Giving it a shape and making it a useful component defines the process of forming. Years of research have given new methods to this process. In various industries like automobile and aeronautics, the goal is to achieve complicated shapes with properties like high energy absorption, high rigidity at a lower cost. These aspects can be achieved by Advance Forming Methods (AFM), major work is being done on the hydroforming process as this process provide shapes that otherwise require a greater number of processes. The idea of flexible forming is something where the efforts are reduced along with a number of trials by introducing rubber pads into the sheet metal forming process and the complexity of tool design automatically reduces. Other than these processes, the process of rapid prototyping which is incorporated in the laser forming process is being used in the fabrication of metallic components. The areas of work which is being done are to reduce the number of failures by optimizing the process parameters to achieve better results at a low cost
ESPUMA BUCAL NA REDUÇÃO DA PLACA BACTERIANA DENTAL EM CÃES
Authors: Pignone Viviam , Londero Cruz Dafne , Borba Valesca , Alves Pereira Rubens , Zinn Ferreira Tamara , Soares Latosinski Giulia
Published: May 2021

Resumo

Na odontologia veterinária, os métodos de qualificação e quantificação da doença periodontal e da higiene oral têm sido utilizados para avaliação de produtos com potencial preventivo no acúmulo de cálculo dentário. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso da espuma de higienização bucal à base de própolis (Espuma Bucal IBASA) no retardo da formação da placa bacteriana dental em cães. Foram avaliados 17 cães conforme critérios pré-estabelecidos pelo Veterinary Oral Health Counsil (VOHC). Os animais foram submetidos à profilaxia dentária e divididos em dois grupos: Controle (CTL) e Espuma Bucal (EB), administrada uma vez ao dia, durante 30 dias. Após 30 dias, os dentes dos animais foram avaliados quanto da formação de placa a partir do índice de placa bacteriana estabelecido por Logan & Boyce. Foi observada redução (p=0,04) dos índices de placa nos dentes incisivos e caninos dos animais tratados com a EB (1,18±0,66) em relação ao CTL (2,45±0,92). Além disso, foi observada uma redução dos índices de placa em cães que receberam EB quando comparados com os CTL, considerando os dentes do lado esquerdo (16%), direito (2%), maxilares (5%) e mandibulares (16%). O uso da EB, além de ser de fácil aplicação, auxilia na manutenção da saúde bucal de dentes e gengivas dos animais controlando a proliferação dos micro-organismos causadores da doença bacteriana e sendo uma alternativa para a redução da placa dental em cães.
The Importance of movement and healthy living in young people
Authors: Vaida Marius
Published: May 2021

The study I have carried out aimed mainly the determination of the level of the motion perception and its benefits, but also the understanding of the manner in which leisure time is spent and the raise of awareness regarding the importance of healthy eating in daily lives. The research was carried out on a sample of 50 young people (boys and girls) aged between 19 and 30. The main method of research used was the investigation, which was based on an anonymous standardized questionnaire with 8 questions. The study shows that the main effect young people have perceived for having a sports activity is the development of physical condition followed by tackling of the excessive weight and also the maintenance of an optimal muscle tone, as well as the education of the positive characteristics of the personality and the extension of the skills and motor skills sphere to an equal but small value. They also confirmed that sports accompanied by friends or colleagues are preferred for leisure time, food also being perceived as very important or important in a majoritarian percentage, meaning that the younger generation is aware of the important role of nutrition in maintaining health. Unfortunately, however, it is clear that there is no regular physical activity in those surveyed, with the results of those who are adherents of regular physical activity slightly below the results of those who do not practice regular forms of activity.
Study on the influence of using circuit training for the education and development of coordination skills of U16 handball players
Authors: Cristea-Mic Narcis , Costea Liana Maria
Published: May 2021

This study seeks to use complex means (circuit training), which will lead to technical improvements in U16 male handball, along with the development of conditional and coordinating skills.The sample of the study consisted of two groups of subjects (experimental and control) consisting of 21 and 17 athletes respectively. The selected subjects were handball players from Bucharest Municipal Sports Club - the experimental group, and athletes of the handball team from School Sports Club No. 2 Bucharest – the control group.The results obtained have shown that the specific means and materials used by us during the application stages of the training of the male handball players, led to the optimization of the technical training by enriching the motor repertoire, the development of conditional and coordinating skills, the consolidation and improvement general and specific motor skills.
Energy efficiency in mass-built housing and demonstrative bioclimatic models in a hot-dry climate zone
Authors: Romero-Moren Ramona , Bojórquez-Morales Gonzalo , Luna-León Aníbal , Reyes-Barajas Karmina
Published: May 2021

The residential sector is one of the biggest consumers of electric energy, especially in zones with extreme dry-hot climates such as Mexicali. The implementation of NOM-020- ENER-2011 energy efficiency standards for the envelope of the dwelling is essential to provide thermal comfort with a lower energy consumption. The goal of this article is to evaluate the application of energy efficiency standards in three housing models: The first one was a prototype of mass-built housing (commercial model) and the remaining were demonstrative dwelling prototypes built with bioclimatic criteria. The analysis was made with the digital calculation tools provided by the Secretary of Energy and the National Commission for the Efficient Use of Energy. The results showed that for the commercial dwelling to reach the energy efficiency standards, it is required to diminish the overall heat transfer coefficient. Therefore, it was achievable to improve the energetic efficiency by including the bioclimatic housing criteria. Although important efforts have been made to optimize the housing design, they have not been effective enough to improve the energy efficiency of the mass-built housing.
Pollen management and controlled pollination in Eucalyptus urophylla
Authors: ORTEGA-RAMIREZ Marynor Elena , MENDEZ-ARCOS Jorge Luis , TORRES-LAMAS Secundino , SANCHEZ-MENDEZ Francisco Rafael
Published: May 2021

The genus Eucalyptus has shown great potential for the establishment of commercial forest plantations, it is one of the most widely planted worldwide, it is planted in different regions of the planet, which indicates its ability to adapt to various environmental conditions. Eucalyptus urophylla is a species of this genus that adapts to tropical and subtropical regions, in suitable sites it can achieve high growth rates. It is one of the species with the most research in breeding programs in the world, mainly due to its capacity to hybridize naturally, since it generates populations with high genetic diversity, coupled with its ability to reproduce asexually. In Mexico, the breeding programs for Eucalyptus urophylla are in the initial phase, although plantations are already managed under clonal silviculture, controlled crossing are just beginning, so pollen management and crossing techniques are the most important activities in these programs. Since there is currently no information about the management of pollen for Eucalyptus urophylla in Mexico, the aim of this paper is to show a methodology based on the information documented in other parts of the world and the recent experience acquired in the collection and management of pollen, as well as the controlled pollination techniques recently employed in the breeding programs of Eucalyptus urophylla in southeastern Mexico.
Strategic planning from a focus on equity: myth to reality in schools
Authors: ÁLVAREZ-CISTERNAS Marisol del Carmen , TORRES-ORELLANA Brunilda del Rosario , MEDINA-GUAJARDO Isabel Soledad
Published: May 2021

Guidelines related to strategic planning in educational centers are described, particularly in the Arturo Prat Chacón Cadet School (Chile), deepening from an equity-centered approach, starting with the Equity Continuum, this with the purpose of advancing towards strategic planning that promotes actions for a critical transformation in schools. From the methodological point of view, the research is situated, of a qualitative descriptive type, of a non-experimental nature, supported by documentary analysis with an instrumental case study. The research contributed to establishing indicators and descriptors that the educational center leader must consider in a strategic planning and implementation process that truly promotes equity, namely: Fluid and transparent communication with all members of the institution; understanding of the cultural differences that affect the lives and learning of the educational community; immersion in the culture and communities that make up the school; valuing the culture, heritage and experiences of the members that make up the educational community; timely attention to critical institutional nodes, where equity and social justice should be the pillars in the statement of objectives of the school.
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF AN AGRICULTURAL VEHICLE CROSS-BOUNDARY WARNING SYSTEM
Authors: Hu Guangrui , Qi Chuang , Kong Weiyu , Chen Jun , Chen Yu , Zhang Shuo , Jin Hongling
Published: May 2021

In order to improve the safety of agricultural vehicle in the field, we established a vehicle kinematics model for hanging agricultural tools, and comprehensively considered driving speed, the agricultural tool rotation radius, and vehicle movement trend to propose an agricultural vehicle field operation cross- boundary warning method based on a Robot Operating System (ROS). Furthermore, we designed a set of agricultural vehicle safety warning systems and employed Qt Creator to develop the agricultural vehicle warning system operation interface. Following this, a test platform was built based on the Oubao 4040 tractor and unilateral cross-boundary warning tests were conducted. Test results demonstrate the ability of the proposed cross-boundary warning system to: i) correctly determine the warning area at different speeds (low (3.6km/h±0.5km/h), medium (10.8km/h±1.0km/h) and high (18.0km/h±1.5km/h)) and driving paths ("V" and "U"-shaped routes); ii) and to prompt the operator in a timely manner. The proposed framework exhibits strong applicability and improves the safety of agricultural vehicle hanging agricultural tools
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF VOLUNTARY FORMS OF ASSISTANCE IN RUSSIAN SOCIETY IN THE XVIII - FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors: Gorlova N.I.
Published: May 2021

The article presents a historical overview of the formation of a system of fundamentally new social relations in the 18 - first half of the 19 centuries, when social practices on a voluntary basis become a form of civic self-realization of estate groups in Russian society, manifestations of high morality and spirituality. The main emphasis is placed on the socio-historical features of the development of free forms of assistance and support for the socially vulnerable part of the population, the role of the voluntary public in maintaining social stability and combating the negative phenomena of life. The paper shows the specific organizational forms, contents, directions and principles of volunteerism in the system of charitable institutions (the Imperial philanthropic society, the Society for Visiting the Poor, the Society for the Guardians of Prisons, etc.), and methods for working with the voluntary public. The study of this unique historical experience of social self-organization is based on the involvement of a wide range of documentary sources, which will significantly clarify the methodological, source-study and substantive aspects of volunteering in the considered chronological framework.
SPECIFICS OF THE LEGISLATIVE SYSTEM IN THE REIGN OF THE EMPEROR HADRIAN
Authors: Gabarashvili G.D.
Published: May 2021

The reign of Hadrian (117-138 A.D.) is characterized by important changes in the legal system. This article examines the activities of Hadrian and his lawyers concerning the systematization of the edicts of the praetors and preparation of Edictum perpetuum, a key source for the further development of not only Roman, but also world law. In particular, extracts from the works of Salvius Julianus, Hadrian's leading lawyer, were included in Justinian's Digests. Hadrian's attempts to centralize legislative power in the hands of the Princeps are noted, on the one hand, and the weakening of the influence of lawyers, magistrates, and the Senate on the regulation of law, on the other. The changes in Roman law made by Hadrian, the improvement of the status of freedmen and slaves, and the destruction of the ancient Patriarchal family are indicated. The article analyzes the constitutions of the Princeps, their features and differences from the lawmaking of magistrates, and attempts to summarize the significance of the legislative policy of the Emperor Hadrian.
Relación entre medidas neuropsicológicas de ejecución y autoinforme de las funciones ejecutivas
Authors: Morales-Millán Kelvin L. , Arroyo-Pérez Yashira , González-Viruet Maribella , Sánchez-Cardona Israel
Published: May 2021

This study evaluated the relationship between executive function (EF) scores using self-report measures versus performance based neuropsychological measures. Various predictors that have been associated with EFs were examined to assess the convergence of scores for these measures. The sample consisted of 60 male adolescents between 14 and 18 years old with and without legal history. The scores from the Comprehensive Executive Function Inventory and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System were used. The correlation analysis results indicated a small and mostly non-significant relationship between the scores of both measures. The multiple regression analysis results indicated that the predictors of EF are dissimilarly related to the measures. However, both ways of measuring EF are not exclusive, and it can be useful to use them to measure different EF aspects.
REDE URBANA, SERVIÇOS DE SAÚDE E DISPERSÃO DA COVID-19: O CEARÁ NA PANDEMIA
Authors: Sousa Samuel Antonio Miranda de , Costa Madson dos Santos
Published: May 2021

A pandemia de Covid-19, apesar de alcançar distintos lugares no espaço, é um fenômeno que tem a cidade como principal lócus de dispersão, dada a grande concentração populacional urbana e os fluxos cada vez mais fluidos de pessoas, bens e informações entre as cidades, em função do avanço do período técnico-científico-informacional. Nesse sentido, o artigo busca tratar da difusão geográfica da Covid-19 e do uso do território pelos serviços de saúde no estado do Ceará, Brasil, à luz da leitura geográfica da rede urbana. Para tanto, utilizou-se como metodologia a revisão de literatura produzida sobre as temáticas da rede urbana, interações espaciais e uso do território pelos serviços de saúde. Também foram levantados dados sobre a infraestrutura de saúde a partir do banco de dados do DATASUS e dados sobre casos e óbitos pela Covid-19 disponíveis no INTEGRASUS. Tendo em vista que a situação de pandemia que vivemos se materializa no espaço, para a Geografia, salta aos olhos a estrutura reticular de disseminação da doença e de procura por serviços de saúde para seu tratamento. Este cenário tem como suporte a rede urbana apreendida nas mais diversas escalas, na qual evidenciam-se as conexões que fazem o vírus chegar a distintos lugares do mundo globalizado, onde circulam cada vez mais rápido não apenas as pessoas, as mercadorias e as informações, mas também as tragédias e calamidades.
Active pixel sensor readout circuit using indium–tin–zinc-oxide thin-film transistors for image sensor applications
Authors: Imamura Koki , Sakai Toshikatsu , Takagi Tomomi , Mineo Keitada , Watabe Toshihisa , Sato Hiroto , Aihara Satoshi
Published: May 2021

In this study, we describe an active pixel sensor (APS) readout circuit using indium–tin–zinc-oxide (ITZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The APS readout circuit with a pixel size of 90 μm was fabricated using ITZO TFTs with a channel length of 2 μm, and its performance was experimentally evaluated. The ITZO TFTs were found to have good low-frequency noise performance with an extracted Hooge’s parameter (α
H) of 3.5 × 10−3, and the APS exhibits a high DC voltage gain of ∼0.81 with satisfactory linearity in a wide output voltage range of ∼6.4 V as well as manageable response times of less than 15 μs. The obtained results show the potential of our APS circuits to be applied to TFT-based image sensors with enhanced image quality.
Resonance splitting in microring resonators constructed from organic nanofiber active waveguides
Authors: Takazawa Ken , Inoue Jun-ichi
Published: May 2021

We investigated the resonance splitting in microring resonators (MRRs) constructed from nanofibers of organic dye, which function as active waveguides. The MRRs were fabricated by connecting both end parts of a nanofiber so that they contacted with each other in a side-by-side manner with a contact length of ∼5 μm by micromanipulation on a substrate. We observed that the shape and width of the resonance peaks were sensitively changed by changing the contact length. Moreover, the resonance peaks split into a doublet by tuning the contact length. We propose that the splitting is due to the coupling between the counterclockwise and clockwise traveling modes within a ring. The coupling can be induced by the reflection of traveling light at the end faces of the nanofiber in the connection region. Since this mechanism leads to a strong mode coupling, the resonance splitting is resolved even though the resonance peaks of the nanofiber MRRs are relatively broad (the Q-factors of up to ∼2000).
Investigation of β-Ga2O3-based HEMT for Low Noise Amplification and RF Application
Authors: Lenka Trupti , Singh Rajan , Panda Deepak Kumar , Nguyen Hieu
Published: May 2021

Here we demonstrate a two-dimensional β-gallium oxide-based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) comprising of a finite gap—access region gap (L_ARG ) in Ohmic-contact access regions with record transconductance linearity. Apart from limiting two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density n_s dependency on gate voltage, higher saturation current is estimated for the proposed design. Since the access regions length directly affects the Capacitance of the device and resultant switching applications. In this work, the effect of the gate-source and gate-drain length on device linearity is performed using Atlas-2D simulations. C-V characteristics of the proposed device are explained based on the physical explanation and validated using appropriate models. The higher values of transconductance g_m and current gain cut-off frequency f_T on a large span of operating voltages ensure improved transistor performance for low-noise amplification and RF application and are reported for the first time.
Transfer Learning based Impedance Identification of Voltage Source Converters
Authors: Zhang Mengfan , wang xiongfei , Xu Qianwen
Published: May 2021

The
black-box impedance of the voltage source converters (VSCs) can be directly identified
at the converter terminal without access to its internal control details, which
greatly facilitates the converter-grid interactions. However, since the limited
impedance data amount in practical industrial applications, the existing impedance
identification methods cannot accurately capture characteristics of the
impedance model at various operating scenarios, which is the indicators of the VSCs
system stability at the changing profiles of renewables and loads. In this paper,
a transfer learning based impedance identification is proposed to fill this research
gap. This method can significantly reduce the required data amount used in impedance
identification so that the black-box impedance-based stability method could be applied
for the practical industrial application. The comparison results confirm the accuracy
of the impedance model obtained by this transfer learning based impedance
identification method.