bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of novel RP‐HPLC method for midostaurin determination using analytical quality by design approach from regulatory perspective and determination of major degradation compounds of midostaurin using LC–MS
Authors: Reddy Saddala Madhu Prakash , Konduru Naresh , Gundla Rambabu , Kowtharapu Leela Prasad
Published: August 2022

Midostaurin (MTN), designated as an orphan medicinal product, is emerging as an important drug for treating acute myeloid leukemia and advanced systematic mastocytosis. The proposed method was developed and validated to evaluate the related impurities of MTN. The impurities were separated using a YMC Trait C18 ExRS column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm). Mobile phase A consisted of a 10‐mM concentration of phosphate buffer adjusted to pH 3.0 with diluted orthophosphoric acid, and mobile phase B consisted of 90% acetonitrile and 10% water. The optimized chromatographic conditions were as follows: flow rate, 0.5 mL min−1; injection volume, 10 μL; UV detection, 290 nm; and linear gradient program, up to 65 min. The method was developed using an analytical quality by design approach. A systematic flow chart shows the evaluation, control, and life cycle management method. As part of method evaluation, risk assessment was conducted. The method has been validated per current guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization. The recovery study and linearity ranges were established from the limit of quantification to 150% optimal concentrations. The recovery was found to be between 95.5 and 102.5%, and linearity (r2) was 0.9998–0.9999 for all the identified impurities. The method precision results were achieved below 10% of relative standard deviation. Forced degradation studies were performed under chemical and physical stress conditions. The compound was sensitive to chemical stress conditions. During the study, the analyte degraded and was converted into the identified degradation impurities, and its molecular mass was found using the LC–MS technique.
Unusual complication after augmentation genioplasty: Odontogenic infection requiring implant removal
Authors: Hassanzadeh Tania , Lee Arnold S.
Published: August 2022

Augmentation genioplasty is a common surgical procedure with extremely low infection rates. We present the case of a healthy middle‐aged woman who experienced years of chronic infection after chin implantation due to an exposed mandibular canine root, which is exceedingly rare. Awareness of this potential complication may reduce patient morbidity.
Pure small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of urinary bladder: A case report
Authors: Eshraghi Abbas , Riyahi Mohammad Mehdi , Ghaderi Afshin , Fatemi Maedeh Alsadat , Eshraghi Azhar , Fazilat‐Panah Danial
Published: August 2022

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder is rare. We report a case of small cell carcinoma of the bladder with extensive regional lymph node metastases who underwent radical cystoprostatectomy and subsequent adjuvant systemic chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy.
Protein S gene mutation c.946C > T (p.R316C) contributed to ischemic stroke in a man with von Willebrand disease type 3 caused by two novel VWF gene mutations, c.2328delT (p.A778Lfs* 23) and c.6521G > T (p.C2174F)
Authors: Hua Baolai , Yan Xiaobo , He Bin , Shen Lianjun , Poon Man‐Chiu
Published: August 2022

The risk factors for a family with VWD presenting with an ischemic stroke (IS) were explored. FVIII activity (FVIII:C), VWF antigen (VWF:Ag), and protein S activity were measured. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed targeting F8, F9, VWF, PROC, and PROS1. Sanger sequencing validation was performed on family members. The proband and his sister both had low FVIII:C (1 IU/dL) and VWF:Ag (3 IU/dL) levels, confirming the diagnosis of type 3 VWD. His father had nearly normal levels of FVIII:C (58 IU/dL) and VWF:Ag (57 IU/dL). His daughter had type 1 VWD with decreased FVIII:C (46 IU/dL) and VWF:Ag (19 IU/dL). NGS identified a heterozygous VWF c.2328delT (p.A778Lfs*23) frame shift mutation only in the proband and his sister. Another VWF missense mutation, c.6521G > T (p.C2174F), was found heterozygous in all members studied. A PROS1 mutation, c.946C > T (p.R316C), previously reported to relate to ischemic stroke, was found heterozygous in the patient, his father, and his daughter. Only the proband and daughter have a slightly decreased plasma protein S level. This may be the first case with type 3 VWD with severe VWF/FVIII deficiency presented with ischemic stroke contributed to by a protein S defect.
Near‐Complete tracheal obstruction due to mucormycosis: A report of two cases
Authors: Fallahi Mohammad Javad , Nikandish Reza , Ziaian Bizhan , Shahriarirad Reza
Published: August 2022

We present two cases with diabetes and mucormycosis of the major airways. Both patients underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopic evaluation, showing near‐complete occlusion of major airways with creamy necrotic mass lesions. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is vital to limit the extent of tissue destruction and prevent death due to asphyxia.
Three‐ligand Co‐assembled 2D Au(I)‐Thiolate Nanosheets
Authors: Xu Shujue , Zhang Shen , Yu Yang , Zhang Shengrui , Li Minjie
Published: August 2022

Two‐dimensional (2D) Au(I)‐thiolate assemblies are a special type of material that can balance high structural stability and rich surface functionality, which shows promising prospects in both fundamental research and applications. Co‐assembly of multiple ligands is a facile way to further enrich the surface properties and functions, and expand their application potentials. In this work, taking 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), cysteine (Cys) and 1‐thioglycerol (TGO) as example ligands, we studied in detail the possibility to co‐assemble them into one nanosheet. Although the three ligands have significantly different controllability and pathways when self‐assembling individually with Au(I), they can still be effectively co‐assembled by reacting with HAuCl4 together to obtain three‐ligand nanosheets with good colloidal stability. The key points for successful co‐assembly are also revealed by comparing single‐ and three‐ligand self‐assembly processes, laying a solid foundation for co‐assembly of even more ligands. The easy but powerful strategy for 2D materials with closely‐packed and multiple tunable surface functional groups addresses the surface engineering problem for 2D materials and paves the way for their wider applications in sensing and biomaterials.
Nanocellulose for Paper and Textile Coating: The Importance of Surface Chemistry
Authors: Spagnuolo Laura , D'Orsi Rosarita , Operamolla Alessandra
Published: August 2022

Nanocellulose has received enormous scientific interest for its abundance, easy manufacturing, biodegradability, and low cost. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are ideal candidates to replace plastic coating in the textile and paper industry. Thanks to their capacity to form an interconnected network kept together by hydrogen bonds, nanocelluloses perform an unprecedented strengthening action towards cellulose‐ and other fiber‐based materials. Furthermore, nanocellulose use implies greener application procedures, such as deposition from water. The surface chemistry of nanocellulose plays a pivotal role in influencing the performance of the coating: tailored surface functionalization can introduce several properties, such as gas or grease barrier, hydrophobicity, antibacterial and anti‐UV behavior. This review summarizes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose for paper and textile coating, evidencing critical aspects of coating performances related to deposition technique, nanocellulose morphology, and surface functionalization. Furthermore, beyond focusing on the aspects strictly related to large‐scale coating applications for paper and textile industries, this review includes recent achievements in the use of nanocellulose coating for the safeguarding of Cultural Heritage, an extremely noble and interesting emerging application of nanocellulose, focusing on consolidation of historical paper and archaeological textile. Finally, nanocellulose use in electronic devices as an electrode modifier is highlighted.
5‐(Chloromethyl)Furfural as a Potential Source for Continuous Hydrogenation of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)Furfural to 2,5‐Bis(Hydroxymethyl)Furan
Authors: Park Dongwoon , Lee Soohyeon , Kim Jinsung , Ryu Ga Yeong , Suh Young‐Woong
Published: August 2022

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Young‐Woong Suh at Hanyang University, Republic of Korea. The cover picture depicts the conceptual design of plastic manufacture starting from 5‐(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) generated from raw biomass (rice straw in the picture). The processing is to hydrolyze the CMF to 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) in aqueous medium, followed by catalytic hydrogenation into 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF). The BHMF can be used as a monomer for plastics including polyurethanes, epoxy resins, and polyesters. More information can be found in the Research Article by Y.‐W. Suh and co‐workers.
Green human resource management, a gateway to employer branding: Mediating role of corporate environmental sustainability and corporate social sustainability
Authors: Yasin Raheel , Huseynova Aydan , Atif Muhammad
Published: August 2022

This study proposes a model based on competitive advantage and signaling theories that show how green human resource management (GHRM) leads to corporate environmental sustainability and corporate social sustainability and is thus source of employer branding. Structural equational modeling was used for data analysis through Smart PLS. The results confirm that GHRM positively influences on corporate environmental sustainability, which in turn positively influences corporate social sustainability. Furthermore, the results confirm that corporate social sustainability has a positive influence on employer branding. The results also support the mediating effects of corporate environmental sustainability between GHRM and corporate social sustainability. Additionally, we show the mediating effect of corporate social sustainability between corporate environmental sustainability and employer branding. In the human resource literature, previous studies emphasize on corporate environmental sustainability. By contrast, this study confirms that a corporate social sustainability is a source of employer branding. By implementing GHRM, organizations can gain a competitive edge, which helps them attract potential employee.
Relationships of the very low birth weight infant microbiome with neurodevelopment at 2 and 4 years of age
Authors: Sarkar Anujit , Prescott Stephanie M. , Dutra Samia , Yoo Ji Youn , Gordon Jessica , Shaffer Emily , McSkimming Daniel , Groer Maureen E.
Published: August 2022

Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (<1500 g) are at risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes depending on gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and morbidity in early life. The contribution of the gut microbiome is not well understood. Stool samples were collected weekly in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from 24 VLBW infants for 6 weeks after admission and then again at 2 and 4 years of age. The Battelle Development Inventory‐2 Screening Test (BDI‐2 ST) was administered at 2‐ and 4‐year time points. VLBW infants had dysbiotic microbiota in the NICU that progressed for most to an adult‐type microbiota by 4 years of age. The BDI‐2 ST results at age of 2 years triggered referral for further testing in 14 toddlers (70%), and by 4 years of age only seven of these 14 continued to require referral. Both NICU infant stool diversity and particular microbial amplicon sequence variants were associated with BDI‐2 ST subscales, particularly for cognition, adaptive, and communication subscales, when controlled for GA, BW, and antibiotic exposure. Network analysis of the NICU infant stool microbial ecology showed differences in children needing neurodevelopmental referral. The results of this preliminary study indicate that the neonatal gut microbiome plays a role in early cognitive and behavioral neurodevelopment.
Modeling the distribution of the endangered Jemez Mountains salamander (Plethodon neomexicanus) in relation to geology, topography, and climate
Authors: Bartlow Andrew W. , Giermakowski J. Tomasz , Painter Charles W. , Neville Paul , Schultz‐Fellenz Emily S. , Crawford Brandon M. , Lavadie‐Bulnes Anita F. , Thompson Brent E. , Hathcock Charles D.
Published: August 2022

The Jemez Mountains salamander (Plethodon neomexicanus; hereafter JMS) is an endangered salamander restricted to the Jemez Mountains in north‐central New Mexico, United States. This strictly terrestrial and lungless species requires moist surface conditions for activities such as mating and foraging. Threats to its current habitat include fire suppression and ensuing severe fires, changes in forest composition, habitat fragmentation, and climate change. Forest composition changes resulting from reduced fire frequency and increased tree density suggest that its current aboveground habitat does not mirror its historically successful habitat regime. However, because of its limited habitat area and underground behavior, we hypothesized that geology and topography might play a significant role in the current distribution of the salamander. We modeled the distribution of the JMS using a machine learning algorithm to assess how geology, topography, and climate variables influence its distribution. The best habitat suitability model indicates that geology type and maximum winter temperature (November to March) were most important in predicting the distribution of the salamander (23.5% and 50.3% permutation importance, respectively). Minimum winter temperature was also an important variable (21.4%), suggesting this also plays a role in salamander habitat. Our habitat suitability map reveals low uncertainty in model predictions, and we found slight discrepancies between the designated critical habitat and the most suitable areas for the JMS. Because geological features are important to its distribution, we recommend that geological and topographical data are considered, both during survey design and in the description of localities of JMS records once detected.
The genome and diet of a 35,000‐year‐old Canis lupus specimen from the Paleolithic painted cave, Chauvet‐Pont d'Arc, France
Authors: Elalouf Jean‐Marc , Palacio Pauline , Bon Céline , Berthonaud Véronique , Maksud Frédéric , Stafford Thomas W. , Hitte Christophe
Published: August 2022

The Chauvet‐Pont‐d'Arc Cave (Ardèche, France) contains some of the oldest Paleolithic paintings recorded to date, as well as thousands of bones of the extinct cave bear, and some remains and footprints of other animals. As part of the interdisciplinary research project devoted to this reference cave site, we analyzed a coprolite collected within the deep cave. AMS radiocarbon dating of bone fragments from the coprolite yielded an age of 30,450 ± 550 RC yr. BP (AAR‐19656; 36,150–34,000 cal BP), similar to ages assigned to Paleolithic artwork and cave bear remains from the same cave sector. Using high‐throughput shotgun DNA sequencing, we demonstrated a high abundance of canid DNA and lesser amounts of DNA from the extinct cave bear. We interpret the sample as feces from a canid that had consumed cave bear tissue. The high amount of canid DNA allowed us to reconstruct a complete canid mitochondrial genome sequence (average coverage: 83×) belonging to a deeply divergent clade of extinct mitochondrial wolf lineages that are most closely related to coeval (~35 ka) Belgian wolves. Analysis of the nuclear genome yielded a similar coverage for the X chromosome (2.4×) and the autosomes (range: 2.3–3.2×), indicating that the Chauvet canid was a female. Comparing the relationship of the nuclear genome of this specimen with that of a variety of canids, we found it more closely related to gray wolves' genomes than to other wild canid or dog genomes, especially wolf genomes from Europe and the Middle East. We conclude that the coprolite is feces from an animal within an extinct wolf lineage. The consumption of cave bear by this wolf likely explains its intrusion into the dark cave sectors and sheds new light on the paleoecology of a major cave site.
Multiscale habitat relationships of a habitat specialist over time: The case of ocelots in Texas from 1982 to 2017
Authors: Veals Amanda M. , Holbrook Joseph D. , Blackburn AnnMarie , Anderson C. Jane , DeYoung Randy W. , Campbell Tyler A. , Young John H. , Tewes Michael E.
Published: August 2022

Evaluating temporal trends in habitat and behavioral responses is critical for conservation, yet long‐term monitoring studies are rare. We used a 35‐year dataset (1982–2017) to assess multiscale habitat use and selection by an endangered carnivore, the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), in South Texas, USA. We used a time series of remotely sensed imagery to map changes in availability of woody cover, habitat critical to ocelots that has diminished due to anthropogenic development and increased road infrastructure. Our objectives were to characterize habitat relationships, predict high‐quality habitat, and assess behavior with changing environmental conditions. We fit functional response (third order) and individual‐specific resource selection (second order) functions to assess multiscale habitat use of vegetation cover and roads. Within home ranges, ocelots used woody cover greater than availability. Ocelots used areas near roads in proportion to availability, with minor exceptions. We observed changes in habitat use by ocelots across time with higher proportions of woody and non‐woody cover used in later time periods. Average availability of woody cover decreased in the study area between the 1980s and 2010s (0.44 in 1985 to 0.39 in 2015, p < 0.001), and ocelots used areas with a higher proportion of woody cover (≥0.48) farther from high‐traffic roads compared to availability. High‐quality ocelot habitat was consistently predicted in areas with high proportions of woody cover, while areas closer to high‐traffic roads were consistently predicted as non‐habitat. The extent of predicted habitat never exceeded 47% (1515 km2) of the study area, illustrating the confined nature of ocelot habitat. Our assessment of multiscale habitat use demonstrated that higher order selection processes likely truncate resource gradients within home ranges. Ocelots did not avoid roads as expected within home ranges, which is a likely mechanism for vehicle‐induced mortality. Private lands contained ≥79% of predicted high‐quality habitat over time. Therefore, the future of ocelots in the United States relies on private land stewardship. Insights gained from these analyses can advance habitat conservation and mitigation of road mortality for ocelot populations.
Sex differences in natural history of cardiovascular magnetic resonance‐ and biopsy‐proven lymphocytic myocarditis
Authors: Castrichini Matteo , Porcari Aldostefano , Baggio Chiara , Gagno Giulia , Maione Davide , Barbati Giulia , Medo Kristen , Mestroni Luisa , Merlo Marco , Sinagra Gianfranco
Published: August 2022

Aims

The role of sex in determining the profile and the outcomes of patients with myocarditis is largely unexplored. We evaluated the impact of sex as a modifier factor in the clinical characterization and natural history of patients with definite diagnosis of myocarditis.

Methods and results

We retrospectively analysed a single‐centre cohort of consecutive patients with definite diagnosis of myocarditis (i.e. endomyocardial biopsy or cardiac magnetic resonance proven). Specific sub‐analyses were performed in cohorts of patients with chest pain, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure as different main symptoms at presentation. The primary outcome measure was a composite of all‐cause mortality or heart transplantation (HTx). We included 312 patients, of which 211, 68% of the whole population, were males. Despite no clinically relevant differences found at baseline presentation, males had a higher indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (62 ± 23 mL/m2 vs. 52 ± 20 mL/m2, P = 0.011 in males vs. females, respectively) at follow‐up evaluation. At a median follow‐up of 72 months, 36 (17%) males vs. 8 (8%) females experienced death or HTx (P = 0.033). Male sex emerged as predictors of all‐cause mortality or HTx in every combination of covariates (HR 2.600; 1.163–5.809; P = 0.020). Results were agreeable regardless of the main symptom of presentation.

Conclusions

In a large cohort of patients with definite diagnosis of myocarditis, females experienced a more favourable long‐term prognosis than males, despite a similar clinical profile at presentation.
Device‐based remote monitoring strategies for congestion‐guided management of patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zito Andrea , Princi Giuseppe , Romiti Giulio Francesco , Galli Mattia , Basili Stefania , Liuzzo Giovanna , Sanna Tommaso , Restivo Attilio , Ciliberti Giuseppe , Trani Carlo , Burzotta Francesco , Cesario Alfredo , Savarese Gianluigi , Crea Filippo , D'Amario Domenico
Published: August 2022

Aims

Pre‐clinical congestion markers of worsening heart failure (HF) can be monitored by devices and may support the management of patients with HF. We aimed to assess whether congestion‐guided HF management according to device‐based remote monitoring strategies is more effective than standard therapy.

Methods and results

A comprehensive literature research for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing device‐based remote monitoring strategies for congestion‐guided HF management versus standard therapy was performed on PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Poisson regression model with random study effects. The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause death and HF hospitalizations. Secondary endpoints included the individual components of the primary outcome. A total of 4347 patients from eight RCTs were included. Findings varied according to the type of parameters monitored. Compared with standard therapy, haemodynamic‐guided strategy (4 trials, 2224 patients, 12‐month follow‐up) reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome (IRR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70–0.89) and HF hospitalizations (IRR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67–0.86), without a significant impact on all‐cause death (IRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.72–1.21). In contrast, impedance‐guided strategy (4 trials, 2123 patients, 19‐month follow‐up) did not provide significant benefits.

Conclusion

Haemodynamic‐guided HF management is associated with better clinical outcomes as compared to standard clinical care.
Assessing intrinsic renal sodium avidity in acute heart failure: implications in predicting and guiding decongestion
Authors: Martens Pieter , Chen Horng H. , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Testani Jeffrey T. , Mullens Wilfried , Tang W.H. Wilson
Published: August 2022

Aim

Intrinsic renal sodium avidity (IRSA) is a hallmark feature of acute heart failure (AHF) and can be measured by evaluating the urinary sodium (UNa) concentration. The aim of this study is to assess the role of measuring IRSA through a random Una‐sample and its association with decongestive response.

Methods and results

A post‐hoc analysis of the ROSE‐AHF trial was performed in all patients with a random UNa spot sample before randomization (n = 339/360). Patients were categorized according to tertiles of UNa as high (range 19–40 mmol/L), intermediate (range 41–68 mmol/L), or low (range 69–139 mmol/L) IRSA. Linear mixed effect models and ANCOVA were used to assess the relation with decongestive effectiveness measured by: (i) weight change, (ii) visual analogue scale (VAS) improvement, (iii) N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) change, (iv) natriuretic response (UNa in mmol/L), (v) 72 h natriuresis (mmol), (vi) oedema resolution, and (vii) length of stay. High IRSA patients had less improvement in decongestive metrics, including weight loss (p = 0.028), VAS improvement, NT‐proBNP decrease, natriuretic response (p‐time interaction <0.001 for all), had lower total natriuresis (high IRSA 438 ± 141 mmol, intermediate IRSA 526 ± 320 mmol, and low IRSA 603 ± 276 mmol; p < 0.001), exhibited more oedema at 72 h (p = 0.005), and had a longer length of stay (p = 0.015). Incremental loop diuretic dose titration (± 4 times home dose) after >24 h, resulted in an increase in natriuretic response in the high IRSA group, however cumulative natriuresis still remained lower at 72 h (p < 0.001). Longitudinal UNa profiling of patients with low IRSA showed physiologic breaking in the UNa pattern, associated with attaining decongestion and slight increase in creatinine and cystatin C, forming a potential signal of complete decongestion.

Conclusions

A simple random UNa sample at the time of AHF, gives insight into IRSA which is consistently associated with decongestive effectiveness across multiple metrics, offering an opportunity for early AHF care improvement.
Relationship modeling and short‐term prediction analysis between public attention and teaching research
Authors: Zhao Yulin , Li Junke , Liu Kai , Zhou Jincheng , Guo Xinnian
Published: August 2022

Analyzing the relationship between Internet attention and teaching research can provide a reference for extracting and identifying research hot spots in the discipline. Currently, many kinds of literature obtain social hot‐spot information based on a single platform, such as the Baidu Index, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Web of Science. Still, they ignore the common information reflected between the Baidu Index platform and the professional academic platform and the lack of relationship demonstration between them. Therefore, based on the CNKI database and Baidu Index platform, the most critical data statistical analysis service platform in the Internet era, this article proposes a relationship modeling and prediction framework (RMPF). First, RMPF analyzes the relationship between public attention and teaching research from the perspective of “high school information technology” by word frequency analysis and Pearson. Second, RMPF constructs the relationship model between them using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. Third, RMPF predicts the development of subject teaching and research using the autoregressive integrated moving average model and multiple regressions. The results show that the correlation coefficient between public attention and teaching research is more than 0.65 from the perspective of “high school information technology,” showing a strong positive correlation. In recent years, the focus of high school information technology discipline tends to be integrating multimedia technology, cloud classroom, artificial intelligence, and other technologies and disciplines. In addition, discipline literature volume growth will slow in the next 2 years, with an average annual publication of 350 articles. The overall number of literature decreased by about 120 compared with 2020. Based on the proposed RMPF, this study clarifies the relationship between subject attention and teaching research through experimental demonstration and provides an implementation framework reference for researchers of relevant literature.
Effect of intra‐BLA overexpression of IGF‐1 on the expression of a contextual fear memory trace
Authors: Champarini Leandro Gabriel , Herrera Macarena Lorena , Comas Mutis Ramiro Gabriel , Espejo Pablo Javier , Molina Victor Alejandro , Calfa Gastón Diego , Hereñú Claudia Beatriz
Published: August 2022

Growth factors, such as insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), among others are known for their critical involvement in learning and memory processes. IGF‐1 regulates cognitive functions, synapse density, neurotransmission, and adult neurogenesis and induces structural and synaptic plasticity‐specific changes. Although IGF‐1 has been suggested to participate in different memory processes, its role in memories associated with negative emotional experiences still remains to be elucidated. The principal aim of the present study was to test whether IGF‐1 overexpression using adenoviral vectors in basolateral amygdala (BLA) influences both the expression and formation of contextual fear memory, as well as the hippocampal structural plasticity associated with such memory trace. We found that IGF‐1 overexpression promotes the formation and expression of a specific contextual fear memory trace, and such effect persisted at least 7 days after recall. Moreover, the overexpression of this growth factor in BLA upregulates the activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway in this brain structure. In addition, intra‐BLA IGF‐1 overexpression causes dorsal hippocampus (DH) structural plasticity modifications promoting changes in the proportion of mature dendritic spines in the CA1 region, after a weak conditioning protocol. The present findings contribute to the knowledge underlying BLA‐DH trace memory of fear and reveal important new insights into the neurobiology and neurochemistry of fear acquisition modulated by IGF‐1 overexpression. The understanding of how IGF‐1 modulates the formation of a fear contextual trace may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies focused on fear, anxiety, and trauma‐related disorders.
Association of cesarean section with risk of childhood leukemia: A meta‐analysis from an observational study
Authors: Yang Yingzhu , Yu Chiyuan , Fu Rongrong , Xia Shishan , Ni Haixiang , He Yujing , Zhu Keying , Sun Qian
Published: August 2022

Recent studies suggest that children born via cesarean section (CS) are predisposed to immune‐mediated diseases later in life. The association between CS and childhood leukemia was investigated in this meta‐analysis of observational studies. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for literature on the association between CS and childhood leukemia before February 2022. And pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine the link between CS and childhood leukemia. The preliminary search resulted in 1321 articles and 16 articles were finally included after screening. The primary outcome was the risk of leukemia in children born via CS versus those born vaginally. The results revealed that having a CS was associated with an increased risk of childhood leukemia compared to having vaginal section (VS) (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.13, p = 0.01), especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03–1.16, p = 0.004). Children delivered via elective CS had a higher risk of ALL (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.31, p = 0.001), but emergency CS did not. It is worth noting that neither emergency CS nor elective CS were found to be associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Compared to VS, CS increased the risk of leukemia in children, with elective CS significantly increasing ALL risk.
Standardized reporting of amnion and amnion/chorion allograft data for wound care
Authors: Sabol Taylor J. , Tran Grace S. , Matuszewski Jason , Weston Wendy W.
Published: August 2022

Background

The favorable biological and mechanical properties of the most common components of the placenta, the amnion and chorion, have been explored for regenerative medical indications. The use of the combination of amnion and chorion has also become very popular. But, published data from placental tissues in their final, useable form is lacking. During treatment with membrane product, the tissue is usually sterile, intact and laid on a wound or treatment area. The factors available to the treatment area from the applied product need to be elucidated and presented in a relatable form. Current reporting for eluted growth factor results are typically expressed per milliliter, which is not informative with respect to the area of tissue covered by the actual membrane and may differ among techniques.

Methods

To address this inconsistency, amnion or amnion/chorion were isolated from human placentas and processed by a proprietary procedure. The final dry, sterilized product was evaluated for structural components and growth factor elution. Growth factors were quantified by multiplex panels and ELISAs and the values normalized to specific area and elution volume of finished product. This information allows extrapolation to all membrane sizes and affords cross‐study comparisons.

Results

Analysis of membrane supernatants show that dehydrated, sterilized amnion and amnion/chorion elute factors that are conducive to wound healing, which are available to recipient tissues. Importantly, these measurable factors eluted from dehydrated, sterilized membranes can be reported as a function of available factors per square centimeter of tissue.

Conclusions

The standardized characterization of dehydrated, sterilized amnion and amnion/chorion as delivered to recipient tissues permits understanding and comparison of the products across various graft sizes, types, and eluate volumes. Further, reporting this data as a function of cm2 of dehydrated tissue allows extrapolation by independent scientists and clinicians.
Using theory to guide exploratory network analyses
Authors: Lass Alisson N. S. , Jordan D. Gage , Winer E. Samuel
Published: August 2022

The use of exploratory network analysis has increased in psychopathology research over the past decade. A benefit of exploratory network analysis is the wealth of information it can provide; however, a single analysis may generate more inferences than what can be discussed in one manuscript (e.g., centrality indices of each node). This necessitates that authors choose which results to discuss in further detail and which to omit. Without a guide for this process, the likelihood of a biased interpretation is high. We propose that the integration of theory throughout the research process makes the interpretation of exploratory networks more manageable for the researcher and more likely to result in an interpretation that advances science. The goals of this paper are to differentiate between exploratory and confirmatory network analyses, discuss the utility of exploratory work, and provide a practical framework that uses theory as a guide to interpret exploratory network analyses.
Development of modified graphite electrodes with nanoparticles and their application in the quantification of sucrose
Authors: dos Santos Luana Dalagrana , Ribeiro Vítor Antônio Vitale , de Oliveira Byanca Pereira Moreira , Killner Mario Henrique Montazzolli , Gonçalves Odinei Hess , Bona Evandro
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Developing fast and reliable methods with little sample preparation has become increasingly important for process monitoring and control. Electrochemical methods stand out for their low cost and instrumental simplicity. Furthermore, electrodes with nanoparticles can improve the method's sensitivity and specificity. This study developed carbon paste electrodes modified with nanoparticles of copper and iron. In addition, cyclic voltammetry was performed using a low‐cost potentiostat designed for a Raspberry Pi single‐board computer. As a proof of concept, the constructed electrodes were tested with ferrocyanide and applied to quantify sucrose, and their performance was compared to that of the glassy carbon electrode.

RESULTS

The nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, as confirmed by morphology and physicochemical characterization. Based on the adjusted R2, the electrode made with the addition of copper oxide nanoparticles has a similar performance to the commercial glassy carbon electrode. All electrodes' root mean square error (RMSE) values were approximately 10−4 mol L−1. The lowest values for the inverse of the analytical sensitivity for sucrose were obtained for the unmodified carbon paste electrode (9.54 × 10−6 mol L−1) and copper oxide nanoparticles electrode (5.30 × 10−6 mol L−1). These electrodes also had the lowest limits of detection (10−5 mol L−1) and, for the limit of quantification, all electrodes had similar values (10−2 mol L−1).

CONCLUSION

In general, superior performance of carbon paste electrodes was observed concerning the commercial glassy carbon electrodes. Compared to previous studies, the developed electrodes showed good sensitivity and the low cost of the electrochemical system stands out as the main advantage. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
In vitro-induced Foxp3+CD8+ regulatory T cells suppress allergic IgE response in the gut
Authors: Giri Shilpi , Meitei Heikrujam Thoihen , Sonar Sandip Ashok , Shaligram Saumitra , Lal Girdhari
Published: August 2022

Several subsets of CD8+ T cells are known to have a suppressive function in different tissues and diseases in mice and humans. Due to the lack of a consensus on the phenotype of regulatory CD8+ T cells and very low frequency in the body, its clinical use as adoptive cellular therapy has not advanced much. In the present work, using DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (Aza), we efficiently and stably differentiated naïve CD8+ T cells (CD8+CD25–CD44– cells) into the CD8+Foxp3+ regulatory CD8+ T cells (CD8 Tregs). We also generated OVA peptide257-264-specific CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs. Compared with activated CD8 T cells, Aza plus TGF-β-induced CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs showed significantly increased surface expression of CD39, CD73, CD122, CD62L, and CD103, and secreted TGF-β and suppressed the proliferation of effector CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs exhibited low expression of perforin and granzyme required for cytotoxic function. Analysis of chemokine receptors showed that TGF-β + Aza induced CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs expressed gut-tropic chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR9, and chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR3 required for mobilization into the spleen, lymph nodes, and gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Adoptive transfer of induced CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs restored cholera toxin-induced breakdown of oral tolerance to OVA by regulating OVA-specific IgE and IgG1. Altogether, we showed an efficient method to generate antigen-specific CD8+Foxp3+ Tregs, and the adoptive transfer of these cells induces oral tolerance by suppressing allergic response and maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
The prevalence of inherited metabolic disorders in Estonian population over 30 years: A significant increase during study period
Authors: Tiivoja Elis , Reinson Karit , Muru Kai , Rähn Kristi , Muhu Kristina , Mauring Laura , Kahre Tiina , Pajusalu Sander , Õunap Katrin
Published: August 2022

Inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) are a group of hereditary diseases wherein the impairment of a biochemical pathway is intrinsic to the pathophysiology of the disease. Estonia's small population and nationwide digitalised healthcare system make it possible to perform an epidemiological study that covers the whole population. A study was performed in Tartu University Hospital, which is the only tertiary care unit in Estonia for diagnosing patients with IMD, to define the prevalence and live birth prevalence of IMDs and the effectiveness of new diagnostic methods on the diagnosis of IMD. During the retrospective study period from 1990 to 2017, 333 patients were diagnosed with IMD. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in IMD diagnoses per year from 0.47 to 2.51 cases per 100 000 persons (p < 0.0001) during the study period. Live birth prevalence of IMD in Estonia was calculated to be 41.52 cases per 100 000 live births. The most frequently diagnosed IMD groups were disorders of amino acid metabolism, disorders of complex molecule degradation, mitochondrial disorders, and disorders of tetrapyrrole metabolism. Phenylketonuria was the most frequently diagnosed disorder of all IMD (21.6%). Our results correlated well with data from other developed countries and, along with high birth prevalence, add confidence in the effectiveness of our diagnostic yield. Implementation of new diagnostic methods during study period may largely account for the significant increase in the number of IMD diagnoses per year. We conclude that the implementation of new diagnostic methods continues to be important and contributes to better diagnosis of rare diseases.
Reconstruction of molecular evolution of human influenza A H1N1/2009 virus in Iran and neighboring countries
Authors: Ghalekhani Nima , Bokaie Saied , Eybpoosh Sana , Akbarein Hesameddin , Sharifi Hamid
Published: August 2022

In this study, the time and path of transmission of H1N1 serotype influenza A viruses in Iran and neighboring countries have been investigated by using Bayesian phylogeography analysis on the sequences extracted from the gene bank. We obtained all hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) nucleotide sequences of influenza H1N1 available up to December 25, 2020, from Iran and its neighboring countries (i.e., Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iraq). We also performed a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method to infer the evolutionary dynamic and the most recent common ancestor for the HA and NA sequences. Based on the extracted sequences, the age of emergence of H1N1 influenza virus serotype was older in Iran compared to neighboring countries, and with some degree of uncertainty, it seems Tehran had a key role and epicenter of transmission to other cities within Iran. The mean time of the most recent common ancestor of H1N1 viruses was 1989 (95% HPD: 1980–1994) for HA and NA as well. Along with ordinary measures like resource management, diagnostic approaches, and preparedness to fight against viruses that were in place, continuous monitoring, and screening of H1N1 serotype influenza virus in the country, especially by implementation of feasible, effective, and innovative measures at borderline should be initiated and identified gaps and shortage that should be a priority for virus control. It is also important for countries to have a regional monitoring program in addition to internal monitoring programs, as well as to start a virus molecular care program.
Comparison of pregabalin with magnesium sulfate in the prevention of remifentanil‐induced hyperalgesia in patients undergoing rhinoplasty: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hadavi Seyed Mohammad Reza , Eghbal Mohammad Hossein , Kaboodkhani Reza , Alizadeh Narges , Sahmeddini Mohammad Ali
Published: August 2022

Objective

Remifentanil is usually used for controlled hypotension during rhinoplasty under general anesthesia (G/A). One of the complications of the remifentanil is postoperative hyperalgesia. In this study, we compare the effectiveness of pregabalin with that of Mg sulfate in postoperative remifentanil‐induced hyperalgesia prevention.

Methods

In this prospective, randomized, double‐blinded placebo‐controlled trial, 105 patients who candidates rhinoplasty with G/A were enrolled and randomly allocated into three groups. Patients in group A received 300 mg pregabalin before anesthesia. They received physiologic saline infusion during the perioperative period. Those in group B received placebo capsules before anesthesia and intravenous Mg sulfate 30 mg/kg during the perioperative period. Those in group C received a placebo capsule before anesthesia and normal intravenous saline during the operation. Then, pain severity, sedation score, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were assessed and compared.

Results

In the Mg sulfate and placebo group, the mean numerical rating scale in the postoperative period was higher compared to the pregabalin group (p < .001). The mean total amount of morphine requirement, meanwhile the 24 h post‐operation, was significantly decreased in the pregabalin group compared to the other groups (p < .001). Participants in the pregabalin group had less PONV compared to those in the pregabalin and placebo groups (p = .015).

Conclusions

In patients undergoing G/A with remifentanil for rhinoplasty, preoperative 300 mg pregabalin could effectively prevent not only remifentanil‐induced hyperalgesia but also PONV.

Level of evidence

1b.
AAPM WGTG51 Report 374: Guidance for TG‐51 reference dosimetry
Authors: Muir Bryan , Culberson Wesley , Davis Stephen , Kim Grace Gwe‐Ya , Lee Sung‐Woo , Lowenstein Jessica , Renaud James , Sarfehnia Arman , Siebers Jeffrey , Tantôt Laurent , Tolani Naresh
Published: August 2022

Practical guidelines that are not explicit in the TG‐51 protocol and its Addendum for photon beam dosimetry are presented for the implementation of the TG‐51 protocol for reference dosimetry of external high‐energy photon and electron beams. These guidelines pertain to: (i) measurement of depth‐ionization curves required to obtain beam quality specifiers for the selection of beam quality conversion factors, (ii) considerations for the dosimetry system and specifications of a reference‐class ionization chamber, (iii) commissioning a dosimetry system and frequency of measurements, (iv) positioning/aligning the water tank and ionization chamber for depth ionization and reference dose measurements, (v) requirements for ancillary equipment needed to measure charge (triaxial cables and electrometers) and to correct for environmental conditions, and (vi) translation from dose at the reference depth to that at the depth required by the treatment planning system. Procedures are identified to achieve the most accurate results (errors up to 8% have been observed) and, where applicable, a commonly used simplified procedure is described and the impact on reference dosimetry measurements is discussed so that the medical physicist can be informed on where to allocate resources.
Sheared two‐dimensional radiofrequency excitation for off‐resonance robustness and fat suppression in reduced field‐of‐view imaging
Authors: Barlas Bahadir Alp , Bahadir Cagla Deniz , Kafali Sevgi Gokce , Yilmaz Ugur , Saritas Emine Ulku
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Two‐dimensional (2D) echo‐planar radiofrequency (RF) pulses are widely used for reduced field‐of‐view (FOV) imaging in applications such as diffusion‐weighted imaging. However, long pulse durations render the 2D RF pulses sensitive to off‐resonance effects, causing local signal losses in reduced‐FOV images. This work aims to achieve off‐resonance robustness for 2D RF pulses via a sheared trajectory design.

Theory and Methods

A sheared 2D RF pulse design is proposed to reduce pulse durations while covering identical excitation k‐space extent as a standard 2D RF pulse. For a given shear angle, the number of sheared trajectory lines is minimized to obtain the shortest pulse duration, such that the excitation replicas are repositioned outside the slice stack to guarantee unlimited slice coverage. A target fat/water signal ratio of 5% is chosen to achieve robust fat suppression.

Results

Simulations, imaging experiments on a custom head and neck phantom, and in vivo imaging experiments in the spinal cord at 3 T demonstrate that the sheared 2D RF design provides significant improvement in image quality while preserving profile sharpnesses. In regions with high off‐resonance effects, the sheared 2D RF pulse improves the signal by more than 50% when compared to the standard 2D RF pulse.

Conclusion

The proposed sheared 2D RF design successfully reduces pulse durations, exhibiting significantly improved through‐plane off‐resonance robustness, while providing unlimited slice coverage and high fidelity fat suppression. This method will be especially beneficial in regions suffering from a variety of off‐resonance effects, such as spinal cord and breast.