bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting Th17‐IL‐17 Pathway in Prevention of Micro‐Invasive Prostate Cancer in a Mouse Model
Authors: Zhang Qiuyang , Liu Sen , Ge Dongxia , Cunningham David M. , Huang Feng , Ma Lin , Burris Thomas P. , You Zongbing
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

Chronic inflammation has been associated with the development and progression of human cancers including prostate cancer. The exact role of the inflammatory Th17‐IL‐17 pathway in prostate cancer remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the importance of Th17 cells and IL‐17 in a Pten‐null prostate cancer mouse model.

METHODS

The Pten‐null mice were treated by Th17 inhibitor SR1001 or anti‐mouse IL‐17 monoclonal antibody from 6 weeks of age up to 12 weeks of age. For SR1001 treatment, the mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) twice a day with vehicle or SR1001, which was dissolved in a dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution. All mice were euthanized for necropsy at 12 weeks of age. For IL‐17 antibody treatment, the mice were injected intravenously (i.v.) once every two weeks with control IgG or rat anti‐mouse IL‐17 monoclonal antibody, which was dissolved in PBS. The injection time points were at 6, 8, and 10 weeks old. All mice were analyzed for the prostate phenotypes at 12 weeks of age.

RESULTS

We found that either SR1001 or anti‐IL‐17 antibody treatment decreased the formation of micro‐invasive prostate cancer in Pten‐null mice. The SR1001 or anti‐IL‐17 antibody treated mouse prostates had reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and reduced angiogenesis, as well as reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. By assessing the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, we found that SR1001 or anti‐IL‐17 antibody treated prostate tissues had weaker EMT phenotype compared to the control treated prostates.

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrated that Th17‐IL‐17 pathway plays a key role in prostate cancer progression in Pten‐null mice. Targeting Th17‐IL‐17 pathway could prevent micro‐invasive prostate cancer formation in mice. Prostate 77:888–899, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Incorporation of germanium for n‐type doping of cubic GaN
Authors: Deppe Michael , Gerlach Jürgen W. , Reuter Dirk , As Donat J.
Published: February 2017

We introduce germanium as an alternative to silicon for n‐type doping of cubic gallium nitride. Layers with electron concentrations up to 3.7 × 1020 cm−3 were grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy on 3C‐SiC substrates. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) measurements were performed to verify the incorporation of Ge into our layers. The incorporation of Ge is in good agreement with the trend of the Ge vapour pressure curve. For the highest doped sample a drop of the incorporation efficiency is observed. A reduction of the growth rate is noticed for high Ge fluxes. Additionally, a sample comprising an alternating pattern of Ge‐doped and not intentionally doped interlayers was grown. In the recorded TOF‐SIMS depth profile we observe that in doped regions the Ge concentration increases along the growth direction. A gradually decreasing amount of Ge is incorporated into each overlying not intentionally doped interlayer. We suppose these observations are due to segregation effects and a resulting accumulation of Ge at the sample surface during growth.
Phase discrimination in CdSe structures by means of Raman scattering
Authors: Cuscó R. , Consonni V. , Bellet‐Amalric E. , André R. , Artús L.
Published: February 2017

Raman spectra of epitaxial layers of CdSe grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been measured for the cubic (zincblende) and hexagonal (wurtzite) phases. The Raman spectra are examined in the light of density functional calculations for these two highly similar structures. Characteristic Raman frequencies and spectral features associated with the different symmetry are discussed and reliable criteria for phase discrimination based on Raman spectroscopy are proposed. Although LO frequencies are virtually identical in both structures and may be affected by size effects, the observation of a low energy E2 mode at 33 cm−1 unambiguously identifies the wurtzite structure and can be used as a specific fingerprint to distinguish between these two phases in CdSe‐based nanostructures. The slightly lower LO frequency measured in the zincblende epitaxial layer is ascribed to residual tensile strain.
Radicol, a Novel Trinorguaiane‐Type Sesquiterpene, Induces Temozolomide‐Resistant Glioma Cell Apoptosis via ER Stress and Akt/mTOR Pathway Blockade
Authors: Li Zong‐Yang , Zhang Ce , Chen Lei , Chen Bao‐Dong , Li Qing‐Zhong , Zhang Xie‐Jun , Li Wei‐Ping
Published: February 2017

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent, lethal and aggressive tumour of the central nervous system (CNS) in adults. Multidrug resistance (MDR) results in undesirable prognosis during GBM chemotherapy. In this study, we determined that Radicol (RAD), a novel trinorguaiane‐type sesquiterpene originally isolated from the root of Dictamnus radicis Cortex, exhibited potently cytotoxic effect on temozolomide (TMZ)‐resistant GBM cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner. Radicol‐induced apoptosis was confirmed with Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated biotinylated UTP nick end‐labelling (TUNEL) staining. Studies investigating the mechanism revealed that RAD triggered an attenuation of protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) and induced the unmitigated unfolded protein response (UPR) and lethal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Simultaneously, we further demonstrated that RAD suppressed the activation of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K phosphorylation by up‐regulating the induction of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β). These results established a link between RAD‐induced ER stress and inhibition of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, and the attenuation of PDI and activation of GSK‐3β might be the synergistic target of antineoplastic effects during RAD‐induced apoptosis. These findings suggested that RAD, possessing multiple cytotoxicity targets, low molecular weight and high lipid solubility, could be a promising agent for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of the Gibbs thermodynamic potential to express the equation of state in atmospheric models
Authors: Thuburn J.
Published: February 2017

The thermodynamics of moist processes is complicated, and in typical atmospheric models numerous approximations are made. However, they are not always made in a self‐consistent way, which could lead to spurious sources or sinks of energy and entropy. One way to ensure self‐consistency is to derive all thermodynamic quantities from a thermodynamic potential such as the Gibbs function. Approximations may be made to the Gibbs function; these approximations are inherited by all derived quantities in a way that guarantees self‐consistency. Here, the feasibility of using the Gibbs function in an atmospheric model is demonstrated through the development of a semi‐implicit, semi‐Lagrangian vertical slice model, and its application to a standard buoyant bubble test case. The flexibility of the approach is also demonstrated by running the test case with four different equations of state corresponding to dry air, moist air that is saturated, a pseudo‐incompressible fluid, and an incompressible fluid. A recently presented ‘blended’ equation set that unifies the dry fully compressible case and the pseudo‐incompressible case is also easily accommodated.
Quantum information entropy of modified Hylleraas plus exponential Rosen Morse potential and squeezed states
Authors: Pooja  , Sharma Aarti , Gupta Rama , Kumar Anil
Published: February 2017

In this article, some information theoretic concepts are analyzed for modified Hylleraas plus exponential Rosen Morse potential in position and momentum space. The angular and radial contributions of the information density are graphically demonstrated for different states. The entropy densities have asymmetric shape which depends on the values of quantum numbers. The information entropy is analytically obtained for ground state of the potential whereas the numerical calculations have been performed for the higher states and Bialynicki‐Birula and Mycielski inequality is tested for various states using different parameters of the potential. It is shown that the information entropy is reduced, both in position and momentum space, for careful selection of some parameters. Further, it is found that there exist eigenstates exhibiting squeezing in information entropy of modified Hylleraas plus exponential Rosen Morse and Eckart potential. Interestingly, in case of Eckart potential, the squeezed states are obtained in position as well as momentum space and are attempted to saturate for some values of the parameters.
Edoxaban treatment for pulmonary arterial thromboembolism associated with azygous vein aneurysm
Authors: Mochimaru Takao , Kawada Ichiro , Chubachi Shotaro , Tsutsumi Akihiro , Hasegawa Hanako , Betsuyaku Tomoko
Published: February 2017

A 76‐year‐old woman, diagnosed 5 years previously with an asymptomatic mediastinal bronchogenic cyst, was referred to our department as the mass had grown slightly larger. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed an azygous vein aneurysm with a pulmonary arterial thromboembolism. The patient was treated with heparin for 5 days, and anticoagulation therapy with edoxaban was continued for 12 months. The thrombus resolved, and the aneurysm remained unchanged. An azygous vein aneurysm is a very rare condition that causes pulmonary arterial thromboembolism. Although surgical resection is indicated for patients with azygous vein aneurysms with a risk of rupture and pulmonary embolism, we chose anticoagulation therapy because of the patient's advanced age. This case suggests that the azygous vein aneurysm is one of the differential diagnoses for a mediastinal mass and that anticoagulation therapy can be the treatment of choice for pulmonary arterial thromboembolism with an azygous vein aneurysm.
Tensor methods and recommender systems
Authors: Frolov Evgeny , Oseledets Ivan
Published: February 2017

A substantial progress in development of new and efficient tensor factorization techniques has led to an extensive research of their applicability in recommender systems field. Tensor‐based recommender models push the boundaries of traditional collaborative filtering techniques by taking into account a multifaceted nature of real environments, which allows to produce more accurate, situational (e.g., context‐aware and criteria‐driven) recommendations. Despite the promising results, tensor‐based methods are poorly covered in existing recommender systems surveys. This survey aims to complement previous works and provide a comprehensive overview on the subject. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to consolidate studies from various application domains, which helps to get a notion of the current state of the field. We also provide a high level discussion of the future perspectives and directions for further improvement of tensor‐based recommendation systems. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1201. doi: 10.1002/widm.1201

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Selected Properties of Mono(dithiocarbamato)‐gold(I), AuS2CNH2
Authors: Teske Christoph Ludwig , Reinsch Helge , Terraschke Huayna , Bensch Wolfgang
Published: February 2017

The title compound AuS2CNH2 was prepared from an aqueous solution by reaction of dicyanidoaurate [Au(CN)2]– with excess of ammoniumdithiocarbamate NH4S2CNH2 at pH ≈ 2. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmma with a = 6.4597(2), b = 12.6556(3), and c = 5.3235(1) Å. The crystal structure comprises linear S–Au–S dumbbells forming unbranched zigzag chains in combination with the dithiocarbamate ligands. The three‐dimensional arrangement of the molecules is realized by aurophilic AuI–AuI and hydrogen bonding interactions, respectively. AuS2CNH2 presents orange luminescence due to a broad emission band between 12000 cm–1 and 23000 cm–1 (ν = 26316 cm–1).
Quasistatic inflation processes within compliant tubes
Authors: Vogt Werner , Steigenberger Joachim , Maißer Peter
Published: February 2017

In former work , , and , a mechanical system was considered that models a segment of a live or artificial worm or a balloon for angioplasty that is placed within a cylindrical rigid or compliant tube (vein). Based on the Principle of Minimal Potential Energy and treated as an optimal control problem with state constraint the authors derived a system of differential equations that describes the statics of the inflation process including the shape of the inflated system and the contact forces between balloon and vein. This paper now presents corresponding simulation results. A short but complete introduction to the theory makes the paper selfconsistent.
Designing a semantic model for a wide-spectrum language with concurrency
Authors: Colvin Robert J. , Hayes Ian J. , Meinicke Larissa A.
Published: February 2017

A wide-spectrum language integrates specification constructs into a programming language in a manner that treats a specification command just like any other command. The primary contribution of this paper is a semantic model for a wide-spectrum language that supports concurrency and a refinement calculus. A distinguishing feature of the language is that steps of the environment are modelled explicitly, alongside steps of the program. From these two types of steps a rich set of specification commands can be constructed, based on operators for nondeterministic choice, and sequential and parallel composition. We also introduce a novel operator,
weak conjunction
, which is used extensively to conjoin separate aspects of specifications, allowing us to take a separation-of-concerns approach to subsequent reasoning. We provide a denotational semantics for the language based on traces, which may be terminating, aborting, infeasible, or infinite. To demonstrate the generality and unifying strength of the language, we use it to express a range of concepts from the concurrency literature, including: a refinement theory for rely/guarantee reasoning; an abstract specification of local variables in a concurrent context; specification of an abstract, linearisable data structure; a partial encoding of temporal logic; and defining the relationships between notions of nonblocking programs. The novelty of the paper is that these diverse concepts build on the same theory. In particular, the
rely
concept from Jones’ rely/guarantee framework, and a stronger
demand
concept that restricts the environment, are reused across the different domains to express assumptions about the environment. The language and model form an instance of an abstract concurrent program algebra, and this facilitates reasoning about properties of the model at a high level of abstraction.
Window Resection for Intraluminal Cricotracheal Invasion by Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Moritani Sueyoshi
Published: February 2017

Background

Invasion of the upper aerodigestive tract by papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) affects both prognosis and quality of life. We assessed the efficacy of window resection for patients with intraluminal cricotracheal invasion.

Methods

Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for all patients with PTC undergoing surgery at our institution during 1981–2009. Seventy‐six patients with intraluminal cricotracheal invasion were enrolled, including 34 relapsing patients.

Results

The 10‐year disease‐specific survival rate of 42 patients with intraluminal invasion who underwent initial surgery was 60.8%. The lesion was located on the laryngo‐trachea in 3 (4%) of 12 patients with locoregional recurrence. No major surgical complications were associated with cricotracheal resection. Stomal closure was achieved in 30 of 76 patients (39%). Twelve patients (16%) had a permanent stoma that was directly related to cricotracheal invasion. Their stomas had been caused by large cricotracheal defects with greater than or equal to 50% circumferential resection of the trachea. Sixty‐seven patients (88%) had PTC invasion into other aerodigestive structures, including the recurrent laryngeal nerve (n = 54), esophagus (n = 38), and thyroid cartilage or intraluminal invasion of the larynx (laryngeal invasion n = 23). Multivariate analysis showed that cricotracheal invasion accompanied by recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion was predictive of permanent stoma (odds ratio 0.32; 95% CI 0.107–0.945; p = 0.039).

Conclusions

Window resection appears to be an effective treatment option for patients with intraluminal cricotracheal invasion. However, this surgical technique may be inappropriate for the treatment of large cricotracheal defects without a supportive hard structure.
Season of birth affects juvenile survival of giraffe
Authors: Lee Derek Edward , Bond Monica Louise , Bolger Douglas Thomas
Published: February 2017

Variation in timing of reproduction and subsequent juvenile survival often plays an important role in population dynamics of temperate and boreal ungulates. Tropical ungulates often give birth year round, but survival effects of birth season for tropical ungulate species are unknown. We used a population of giraffe in the Tarangire Ecosystem of northern Tanzania, East Africa to determine whether calf survival varied by season of birth. Variation in juvenile survival according to season of birth was significant, with calves born during the dry season experiencing the highest survival probability. Phenological match may confer a juvenile survival advantage to offspring born during the dry season from greater accumulated maternal energy reserves in mothers who conceive in the long rainy season, high‐protein browse in the late dry‐early short rainy seasons supplementing maternal and calf resources, reduced predation due to decreased stalking cover, or some combination of these. Asynchrony is believed to be the ancestral state of all ungulates, and this investigation has illustrated how seasonal variation in vegetation can affect juvenile survival and may play a role in the evolution of synchronous births.
Electrophoretic Deposition, Microstructure, and Corrosion Resistance of Porous Sol–Gel Glass/Polyetheretherketone Coatings on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy
Authors: Moskalewicz Tomasz , Zych Anita , Łukaszczyk Alicja , Cholewa-Kowalska Katarzyna , Kruk Adam , Dubiel Beata , Radziszewska Agnieszka , Berent Katarzyna , Gajewska Marta
Published: February 2017

In this study, microporous composite sol–gel glass/polyetheretherketone (SGG/PEEK) coatings were produced on the Ti-13Nb-13Zr titanium alloy by electrophoretic deposition. Coatings with different levels of high open porosity were developed by introducing SGG particles of varying diameters into the PEEK matrix. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The coatings with 40-50 µm thickness were composed of semicrystalline SGG particles consisting of hydroxyapatite, CaSiO3, some Ca2SiO4, and an amorphous phase containing Ca, Si, P, and O, homogeneously embedded in a semicrystalline PEEK matrix. The size of SGG particles present in the coatings strongly influenced the formation of microcracks and their adhesion to the underlying substrate. Microscratch tests showed that the coating containing SGG particles with a diameter smaller than 45 µm and open porosity of 45 pct exhibited good adhesion to the titanium alloy substrate, much better than the coating containing particles with a diameter smaller than 85 µm and total open porosity equal to 48 pct. The corrosion resistance was investigated in Ringer’s solution at a temperature of 310 K (37 °C) for a pH equal to 7.4 and in deaerated solutions with the use of open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The SGG/PEEK-coated alloy indicated better electrochemical corrosion resistance compared with the uncoated alloy.
Gestalt assessment of online educational resources may not be sufficiently reliable and consistent
Authors: Krishnan Keeth , Thoma Brent , Trueger N. Seth , Lin Michelle , Chan Teresa M.
Published: February 2017

Purpose Online open educational resources are increasingly used in medical education, particularly blogs and podcasts. However, it is unclear whether these resources can be adequately appraised by end-users. Our goal was to determine whether gestalt-based recommendations are sufficient for emergency medicine trainees and attending physicians to reliably recommend online educational resources to others.

Methods Raters (33 trainees and 21 attendings in emergency medicine from North America) were asked to rate 40 blog posts according to whether, based on their gestalt, they would recommend the resource to (1) a trainee or (2) an attending physician. The ratings’ reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Associations between groups’ mean scores were assessed using Pearson’s r. A repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was completed to determine the effect of the level of training on gestalt recommendation scale (i. e. trainee vs. attending).

Results Trainees demonstrated poor reliability when recommending resources for other trainees (ICC = 0.21, 95% CI 0.13–0.39) and attendings (ICC = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.09–0.30). Similarly, attendings had poor reliability when recommending resources for trainees (ICC = 0.27, 95% CI 0.18–0.41) and other attendings (ICC = 0.22, 95% CI 0.14–0.35). There were moderate correlations between the mean scores for each blog post when either trainees or attendings considered the same target audience. The RM-ANOVA also corroborated that there is a main effect of the proposed target audience on the ratings by both trainees and attendings.
Fetal Intra-abdominal Cyst: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Munireddy Raja A. , Radhakrishnan Prathima
Published: February 2017

A 26-year-old woman with spontaneous conception had “low risk” result in first-trimester screening. At the time of anomaly scan a large intra-abdominal cyst was seen in the fetus. However, the exact origin of the cyst could not be confirmed. Serial monitoring of the cyst was done by ultrasound scan and the size of the cyst remained stable throughout the pregnancy. The mother had a cesarean section at 36 weeks for obstetric reason. Investigations on the newborn suggested choledochal cyst but the laparotomy revealed dilated duodenum with multiple atretic bowel loops. Ladd’s procedure was performed but the baby died postoperatively.
Transcerebellar Diameter/Abdominal Circumference Ratio in Normal and Asymmetric Growth Restricted Fetuses: A Cross-sectional Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Vadera Khyati P. , Mehta Chetan M. , Morjaria Kartik S. , Fernandez Arpita
Published: February 2017

Assessment of correct gestational age (GA) is vital in the management and prognosis of any pregnancy. The cerebellar size tends to remain unaffected or minimally affected in mild and moderate growth restriction Measurement of fetal transcerebellar diameter is a marker for estimation of GA. In government tertiary care centers, there are a lot of patients who would visit for the first ultrasound in the third trimester wherein there is a wide variation in calculation of GA as per ultrasound parameters. So to assess correct GA and diagnose asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), TCD/AC ratio can be included in routine antenatal scan apart from other parameters used. To evaluate the ratio between transcerebellar diameter (TCD) and abdominal circumference (AC) as a GA independent parameter in this study population in second and third trimester and diagnose asymmetric IUGR of fetuses based on it. This was a cross-sectional study where TCDs and AC of fetuses of 250 pregnancies between 16 and 40 weeks with single fetus were measured and TCD/AC ratios were calculated. In 242 normal fetuses, the ratio was 0.138 (±0.02) with a standard deviation of 0.010 irrespective of the GA. In eight fetuses in the present study the ratio was more than two standard deviations which indicate asymmetric IUGR. TCD/AC ratio is a reliable GA independent marker to assess growth of the fetuses and for near accurate diagnosis of asymmetric IUGR. The limitation of this study is the short sample size for IUGR fetuses.
Nurses and Health‐Promoting Behaviors: Knowledge May Not Translate Into Self‐Care
Authors: Ross Alyson , Bevans Margaret , Brooks Alyssa T. , Gibbons Susanne , Wallen Gwenyth R.
Published: February 2017

Nurses are knowledgeable regarding the importance of health‐promoting activities such as healthy eating, physical activity, stress management, sleep hygiene, and maintaining healthy relationships. However, this knowledge may not translate into nurses’ own self‐care. Nurses may not follow recommended guidelines for physical activity and proper nutrition. Long hours, work overload, and shift work associated with nursing practice can be stressful and contribute to job dissatisfaction, burnout, and health consequences such as obesity and sleep disturbances. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of research examining nurses’ participation in health‐promoting behaviors, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may influence nurses’ participation in these activities. This article also provides recommendations for perioperative nurse leaders regarding strategies to incorporate into the nursing workplace to improve the health of the staff nurses by increasing health‐promoting behaviors.
Addressing Perioperative Staff Member Fatigue
Authors: Battié Renae N. , Rall Hester , Khorsand Lorie , Hill Jodi
Published: February 2017

Staffing shortages among professionals in specialized health care and clinical situations that demand around‐the‐clock care make it challenging to address staff member fatigue. Many industries have developed restrictions on work hours to help reduce the effects of fatigue on safety. The perioperative specialty, however, often requires personnel to work long hours, offers limited resources for specialized professionals, and employs on‐call schedules that can be demanding. This article discusses research and additional information related to fatigue and how it can affect perioperative patient care. It also describes how one group of nursing staff members developed tools to help identify and respond to perioperative staff member fatigue.
Cultivating Mindfulness to Promote Self‐Care and Well‐Being in Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Myers Rachel E.
Published: February 2017

Nursing has long been regarded as a stress‐filled profession; the perioperative environment in particular is considered especially challenging. Chronic stress and burnout may have detrimental effects not only on perioperative nurses but also on their coworkers, employers, and patients. Nurses often sacrifice their own needs to care for others. Nurses must first take care of themselves, however, to sustain their optimal ability to provide care for patients. The cultivation of mindfulness is one way that perioperative nurses may promote self‐care and well‐being. This article discusses mindfulness and its history, the potential benefits and applications to perioperative nursing, and suggestions for cultivating mindfulness. Mindfulness research, practice, and education and the implications of mindfulness meditation in the perioperative environment are also discussed.
Clinical Issues‐ March 2017
Authors: Van Wicklin Sharon A.
Published: February 2017

This Month

Using one flexible endoscope for an upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy procedure

Key words: flexible endoscope, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, enteroscope, risk assessment.

Enhanced methods for processing flexible duodenoscopes

Key words: flexible duodenoscopes, liquid chemical sterilization, ethylene oxide sterilization, low‐temperature sterilization, risk assessment.

Modification of the Spaulding classification

Key words: Spaulding classification, critical items, semicritical items, mucous membranes, risk assessment.

Flushing flexible endoscope lumens with alcohol

Key words: flexible endoscopes, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, fixative, risk assessment.

Using chlorine dioxide wipes for nonchanneled flexible endoscopes

Key words: nonchanneled flexible endoscopes, high‐level disinfectant, chlorine dioxide, risk assessment.
Environmental Managers and Institutional Work: Reconciling Tensions of Competing Institutional Logics
Authors: Dahlmann Frederik , Grosvold Johanne
Published: February 2017

Firms face a variety of institutional logics and one important question is how individuals within firms manage these logics. Environmental managers in particular face tensions in reconciling their firms’ commercial fortunes with demands for greater environmental responsiveness. We explore how institutional work enables environmental managers to respond to competing institutional logics. Drawing on repeated interviews with 55 firms, we find that environmental managers face competition between a market-based logic and an emerging environmental logic. We show that some environmental managers embed the environmental logic alongside the market logic through variations of creation and disruption, thus over time creating institutional change, which can result in blended logics. Others, however, pursue a strategy of status quo or disengagement through maintenance or other forms of disruption, where the two logics coexist in principle but not in practice; instead the market logic retains its dominance. We discuss the implications of our findings for research.
Diet-induced milk fat depression is associated with alterations in ruminal biohydrogenation pathways and formation of novel fatty acid intermediates in lactating cows
Authors: Ventto Laura , Leskinen Heidi , Kairenius Piia , Stefański Tomasz , Bayat Ali R. , Vilkki Johanna , Shingfield Kevin J.
Published: February 2017

The biohydrogenation theory of milk fat depression (MFD) attributes decreases in milk fat in cows to the formation of specific fatty acids (FA) in the rumen.Trans-10,cis-12-CLA is the only biohydrogenation intermediate known to inhibit milk fat synthesis, but it is uncertain if increased ruminal synthesis is the sole explanation of MFD. Four lactating cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments and 35-d experimental periods to evaluate the effect of diets formulated to cause differences in ruminal lipid metabolism and milk fat synthesis on the flow of FA and dimethyl acetal at the omasum. Treatments comprised total mixed rations based on grass silage with a forage:concentrate ratio of 35:65 or 65:35 containing 0 or 50 g/kg sunflower oil (SO). Supplementing the high-concentrate diet with SO lowered milk fat synthesis from −20·2 to −31·9 % relative to other treatments. Decreases in milk fat were accompanied by alterations in ruminal biohydrogenation favouring thetrans-10 pathway and an increase in the formation of specific intermediates includingtrans-4 totrans-10-18 : 1,trans-8,trans-10-CLA,trans-9,cis-11-CLA andtrans-10,cis-15-18 : 2. Flow oftrans-10,cis-12-CLA at the omasum was greater on high- than low-concentrate diets but unaffected by SO. In conclusion, ruminaltrans-10,cis-12-CLA formation was not increased on a diet causing MFD suggesting that other biohydrogenation intermediates or additional mechanisms contribute to the regulation of fat synthesis in the bovine mammary gland.
CHLOROPHYLLMETER-BASED NITROGEN MANAGEMENT OF WHEAT IN EASTERN INDIA
Authors: GHOSH MAINAK , SWAIN DILLIP KUMAR , JHA MADAN KUMAR , TEWARI VIRENDRA KUMAR
Published: February 2017

Topdressing of N fertilizer, whenever leaf greenness, as measured by Chlorophyllmeter (SPAD), falls below the threshold value can be used for site-specific N management in wheat cultivation. Herein, a field experiment was conducted to analyse the effect of SPAD-based N management on wheat productivity and N use efficiency during the dry season of 2010/11 and 2011/12 on acid lateritic soil of eastern India. The experiment had 12 treatments, with nine treatments combining three SPAD thresholds (38, 40 and 42) and three N levels (15, 25 and 35 kg N ha−1) as real time N management (RTNM), one fixed time N management (FTNM), one farmers’ fertilizer practise (FFP) and control (Zero N), with three replications. The grain yield of RTNM ranged from 90 to 113% as that of FTNM, but using considerably less N. Maintaining SPAD threshold of 40 up to heading stage by topdressing 25 kg N ha−1 at each time (N25S40) caused the highest grain yield (4483 kg ha−1). While saving 22.5 kg N ha−1 (18.8%), N25S40 increased agronomic N use efficiency by 58.5%, nitrogen recovery efficiency by 15.1% and partial factor productivity of applied N by 26.4% when compared with conventional fertilizer recommendations (i.e. FTNM). The SPAD-based N management strategy was found very promising in efficiently managing N fertilizer in wheat for improving wheat productivity and N use efficiency.
PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WEEDS AS A FUNCTION OF RESIDUAL HERBICIDES APPLIED TO RICE GROWN UNDER SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
Authors: CONCENÇO G. , ANDRES A. , TELÓ G. M. , MARTINS M. B. , MOISINHO I. S.
Published: February 2017

We aimed to characterize the weed community in sprinkler irrigated rice, previously applied with residual herbicides for two years, as well as to infer about sustainability of the management applied to the fields based on an ecological approach. The experiment was conducted during the cropping seasons 2013/14 and 2014/15, under sprinkler irrigation. Rice was planted in the second-half of October, using the cultivar PUITA INTA CL. Herbicides were applied in pre- and post-emergence (sequential application) of crop and weeds. Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was planted in winter. In May 2015, soil samples were collected for the soil seed bank study. Phytosociological characterization of weeds emerged from the seed bank was conducted from May 2015 to January 2016, until soil seed bank depletion. Echinochloa crusgalli, Fimbristyllis sp., Cyperus esculentus and Killinga brevifolia were the weeds to which most concern should be directed when growing rice under sprinkler irrigation in lowland areas of Southern Brazil. Their competition strategies are based on density. Herbicides used should be efficient in controlling at least these four weed species. A selecting action of herbicides on weed species was botanically characterized, as the weed species reported after two cropping seasons depended on the herbicide treatment applied.
RETHINKING THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION OF 1649
Authors: FITZGIBBONS JONATHAN
Published: February 2017

It is generally assumed that the kingless Commonwealth established in 1649 was the unforeseen consequence of the regicide: an expedient taken hesitantly and nothing more than a stop-gap. ‘Republicanism’ was a minority position even among those who remained at Westminster during the dramatic events of 1648–9: the majority remained committed to monarchical forms of government. By reappraising the surviving evidence, this article proposes a radically different account of the genesis of the Commonwealth regime. Not only were preparations already underway in the weeks before Charles I's death that helped to pave the way for government without a king, but also the decision to abolish kingship after the regicide was itself taken relatively quickly, with no discernible signs of hesitation. Even if few who defended or served the Commonwealth were republican, this need not mean that the majority were attached to monarchy. Rather, many of those who supported the regime, drawing upon the experiences and ideas of 1640s parliamentarianism, claimed that the form of government was only ever of secondary importance in comparison to its substance. They did not think kingship was inherently unlawful, but they did not believe it was absolutely necessary either.
Crude glycerine as an alternative energy feedstuff for beef cattle grazing tropical pasture
Authors: SOCREPPA L. M. , MORAES K. A. K. , OLIVEIRA A. S. , BATISTA E. D. , DROSGHIC L. C. A. B. , BOTINI L. A. , PAULA D. C. , STINGUEL H. , BENTO F. C. , MORAES E. H. B. K.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of crude glycerine (CG, 810·9 g glycerol/kg) replacing dry ground maize on intake, digestibility, microbial nitrogen (N) synthesis and N utilization in grazing beef cattle. Five Nellore bulls (332 ± 29·6 kg initial body weight (BW)) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The animals grazed five Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) paddocks of approximately 0·32 ha. Five supplements were evaluated: mineral supplementation (control, only ad libitum access to a mineral mixture) and 4 g of protein-energy supplementation/kg of BW with four levels of CG (0, 330, 660 and 1000 g/kg) replacing dry ground maize. Bulls that received protein-energy supplementation had greater organic matter (OM) pasture and digested OM (DOM) intakes than the control. No differences were observed among CG levels with regard to OM pasture, neutral detergent fibre and DOM intakes. However, ether extract intake increased linearly as CG levels increased. Protein-energy supplementation enhanced efficiency of microbial N synthesis, N balance and ammonia concentration, but they were not influenced by the CG levels. In conclusion, partial or total replacement of dry ground maize by CG in protein-energy supplements for grazing beef cattle exerted no changes on pasture intake, digestibility and N utilization. Therefore, the use of CG as an energy source in supplements for grazing cattle can be recommended.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION, SOMATOTYPE AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN CHILEAN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AT DIFFERENT SCHOOL LEVELS
Authors: Lizana Pablo A. , González Sofia , Lera Lydia , Leyton Bárbara
Published: February 2017

This study examined the association between body composition, somatotype and socioeconomic status (SES) in Chilean children and adolescents by sex and school level (grade). The cross-sectional study was conducted on 1168 schoolchildren aged 6–18 years (572 males) from Valparaíso, Chile. Body composition, as assessed by percentage body fat (BF%) and somatotype, was evaluated using Ellis equations and the Heath–Carter method, respectively. The socioeconomic status of respondents was assessed using the ESOMAR survey. Obesity was defined as BF% ≥25 for boys and ≥30 for girls; ‘high endomorph’ somatotype was defined as a somatotype endomorph component (EC) of at least 5.5. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between high adiposity and SES, potential confounding factors and school level. In females, the results indicated that the groups with lower SES had higher EC. At the 1st(youngest) school level (1–4thgrades), males exhibited similar trends in their BF% and EC. High adiposity was associated with the female sex (BF%: OR=3.39; 95% CI 2.60, 4.41; high EC: OR=2.31; 95% CI 1.80, 2.98). In addition, low SES increased the risk of high adiposity compared with high SES (BF%: OR=2.25; 95% CI 1.40, 3.61; high EC: OR=2.19; 95% CI 1.37, 3.47). An association was observed between increased adiposity and lower SES, mainly in females, which indicates that females with low SES might be at greater risk of obesity.
Use of intranasal corticosteroids in adenotonsillar hypertrophy
Authors: Sakarya E U , Bayar Muluk N , Sakalar E G , Senturk M , Aricigil M , Bafaqeeh S A , Cingi C
Published: February 2017

Objectives:

This review examined the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroids for improving adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

Method:

The related literature was searched using PubMed and Proquest Central databases.

Results:

Adenotonsillar hypertrophy causes mouth breathing, nasal congestion, hyponasal speech, snoring, obstructive sleep apnoea, chronic sinusitis and recurrent otitis media. Adenoidal hypertrophy results in the obstruction of nasal passages and Eustachian tubes, and blocks the clearance of nasal mucus. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnoea are associated with increased expression of various mediators of inflammatory responses in the tonsils, and respond to anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids. Topical nasal steroids most likely affect the anatomical component by decreasing inspiratory upper airway resistance at the nasal, adenoidal or tonsillar levels. Corticosteroids, by their lympholytic or anti-inflammatory effects, might reduce adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Intranasal corticosteroids reduce cellular proliferation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a tonsil and adenoid mixed-cell culture system.

Conclusion:

Intranasal corticosteroids have been used in adenoidal hypertrophy and adenotonsillar hypertrophy patients, decreasing rates of surgery for adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
Preaspiration in Hebrides English
Authors: Clayton Ian
Published: February 2017

Preaspirated voiceless stops, a well-documented feature of Scottish Gaelic (Ní Chasaide 1985, Clayton 2010, Nance & Stuart-Smith 2013), have also been reported in the English spoken in the Hebrides island chain (Borgstrøm 1940, Wells 1982, Shuken 1984). However, a detailed description of preaspiration in Hebrides English has previously been unavailable. This paper presents the results of a phonetic study of preaspirated voiceless stops in Hebrides English, based on the speech of 24 English–Scottish Gaelic bilinguals from nine regions within the Hebrides island chain. The paper describes the effect of linguistic features on the duration and frequency of preaspiration, including place of articulation, word position, and vowel context. The paper also considers the role of social factors, including speakers’ geographic origin, age, and gender, finding that preaspiration is more frequent among women and among older speakers, especially older female speakers from Lewis. The paper concludes that preaspiration is likely to be an obsolescent feature in Hebrides English, rather than an innovative feature as in other varieties of English such as Tyneside or Aberystwyth (Docherty & Foulkes 1999, Foulkes, Docherty & Watt 2001, Hejná 2015).
Syllidae (Annelida) from the Boreal and sub-Arctic seas off Norway (North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Barents Sea)
Authors: Lucas Y. , Sikorski A. , San Martín G.
Published: February 2017

A collection of more than 1500 specimens of Syllidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from sub-Arctic and Boreal regions along the coast of Norway has been studied. We report 32 species, two of them new to science, belonging to the generaSphaerosyllisClaparède, 1863 andSyllisSavigny in Lamarck, 1818, and 16 new to Norway.Sphaerosyllis tarqueisp. nov. is characterized by having long blades on its compound chaetae and the presence of glands inside the dorsal cirri.Syllis kassp. nov. was reported, figured and described by Uschakov (1955) asSyllis oerstedi(Malmgren, 1867); however, revision of the types ofChaetosyllis oerstedireveals that they are sexual stolons ofSyllis cornutaRathke, 1843; this species is characterized by the shape of the spiniger-like chaetae, which are relatively short, distally blunt, with a thin distal spine, and unidentate falcigers some of which have similar spines. We also include descriptions and figures ofParexogone longicirris(Webster & Benedict, 1887) andSyllides longocirrataØrsted, 1845. Finally we include a key of all reported species in the area.
Range expansion of the whitenose shark, Nasolamia velox, and migratory movements to the oceanic Revillagigedo Archipelago (west Mexico)
Authors: Lara-Lizardi Frida , Hoyos-Padilla Mauricio , Ketchum James T. , Galván-Magaña Felipe
Published: February 2017

Current literature considers that Nasolamia velox has a limited distribution along the coastline of the Eastern Pacific with sporadic sightings in the Galapagos Archipelago. This study provides evidence of the occurrence of this species at the Revillagigedo Archipelago (18°99′186″N 112°08′44″W), Mexico, using acoustic telemetry and videos taken from 2014 to 2016. We report here movements from a coastal location (National Park Cabo Pulmo) to a group of oceanic islands (Revillagigedo Archipelago) by one single individual, supporting the idea of the potential connectivity of sharks between the Gulf of California and the Revillagigedo Archipelago. This report extends the known distribution of N. velox to 400 km off the mainland coast of the Americas, thereby increasing the knowledge of the distribution of a species commonly reported in fishery landings of the Eastern Pacific.
Macrobenthic fauna associated with the invasive alien species Brachidontes pharaonis (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Levantine Sea (Turkey)
Authors: Çinar Melih Ertan , Bakir Kerem , Öztürk Bilal , Katağan Tuncer , Doğan Alper , Açik Sermin , Kurt-Sahin Güley , Özcan Tahir , Dağli Ertan , Bitlis-Bakir Banu , Koçak Ferah , Kirkim Fevzi
Published: February 2017

The invasive alien mytilid species, Brachidontes pharaonis, forms a biogenic habitat in the mediolittoral and upper-infralittoral zones of the Levantine Sea, hosting a number of alien and native species. Examinations of samples taken from dense, continuous mussel beds at seven stations along the coast of northern Levantine Sea yielded 187 macro-benthic invertebrate species belonging to 11 taxonomic groups. Polychaeta accounted for 46% and 37% of the total number of species and individuals, respectively. The top three dominant species in the mussel beds were Stenothoe gallensis, Spirobranchus kraussi and Mytilaster minimus. The species with the highest frequency values on the mussel beds were Pseudonereis anomala, Phascolosoma stephensoni and Elasmopus pocillimanus. The highest density and biomass of the associated fauna were estimated as 42,550 ind m−2 and 1503 wwt g m−2, respectively. The species number in samples varied between 14 and 47 species. The environmental variables best explaining variations in zoobenthic community structures were salinity, dissolved oxygen and total inorganic nitrogen in the water column. The biotic indices, TUBI and ALEX, classified the ecological status of one or two stations as moderate or poor, based on the relative abundances of ecological and zoogeographic groups, respectively. A total of 21 alien species were found to be associated with the mussel bed, of which Syllis ergeni is being newly considered as a new established alien species for the Mediterranean Sea. The maximum density of associated alien species was calculated as 30,300 ind m−2. The alien species assemblages were greatly affected by salinity and total inorganic nitrogen.
Trophic ecology of the chihuil sea catfish (Bagre panamensis) in the south-east Gulf of California, México
Authors: Muro-Torres Víctor M. , Amezcua Felipe , Lara-Mendoza Raul E. , Buszkiewicz John T. , Amezcua-Linares Felipe
Published: February 2017

The trophic ecology of the chihuil sea catfishBagre panamensiswas studied through high-resolution variations in its feeding habits and trophic position (TP) in the SE Gulf of California, relevant to sex, size and season. The combined use of stomach content (SCA) and stable isotope analysis (SIA) allowed us to perform these analyses and also estimate the TP of its preys. Results of this study show that the chihuil sea catfish is a generalist and opportunistic omnivore predator that consumes primarily demersal fish and peneid shrimps. Its diet did not vary with climatic season (rainy or dry), size or sex. Results from the SIA indicated high plasticity in habitat use and prey species. The estimated TP value was 4.19, which indicates a tertiary consumer from the soft bottom demersal community in the SE Gulf of California, preying on lower trophic levels, which aids in understanding the species' trophic role in the food web. Because this species and its prey are important to artisanal and industrial fisheries in the Gulf of California, diet assimilation information is useful for the potential establishment of an ecosystem-based fisheries management in the area.