bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural study of Legionella pneumophila effector DotY (Lpg0294), a component of the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system
Authors: Chung Ivy Yeuk Wah , Cygler Miroslaw
Published: July 2022

The bacterium Legionella pneumophila is a causative agent of Legionnaires' disease. It utilizes the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) to deliver over 300 effector proteins into the host cell, leading to modification of cellular processes and creating a safe environment for bacterial proliferation. Dot/Icm is a multi-subunit molecular machine. The effectors are recognized by the inner membrane-embedded coupling complex (T4CC), which then delivers them to the translocation apparatus. This T4CC subcomplex is made up of DotL, DotM, DotN, IcmS, IcmW, LvgA, DotY and DotZ, and its structure was recently determined by cryo-EM. DotY is a highly mobile component of this subcomplex and its structure was only partially defined. DotY is a unique component of the T4SS that is only found in the Legionella genus. Here, the crystal structure of DotY on its own is presented and its fold and the connectivity of its secondary-structure elements are established. The protein is divided into three segments. The first and last segments form a four-helix bundle domain, while the middle segment forms an α/β domain that has a unique fold. The flexibility of the interdomain linkers allows the reorientation of the two domains between that observed in the crystal structure and that assumed within the T4CC subcomplex.
A literature review on users' behavioral intention toward chatbots' adoption
Authors: Gatzioufa Paraskevi , Saprikis Vaggelis
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Despite the fact that chatbots have been largely adopted for the last few years, a comprehensive literature review research focusing on the intention of individuals to adopt chatbots is rather scarce. In this respect, the present paper attempts a literature review investigation of empirical studies focused on the specific issue in nine scientific databases during 2017-2021. Specifically, it aims to classify extant empirical studies which focus on the context of individuals' adoption intention toward chatbots.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based on PRISMA methodology, which revealed a total of 39 empirical studies examining users' intention to adopt and utilize chatbots.

Findings

After a thorough investigation, distinct categorization criteria emerged, such as research field, applied theoretical models, research types, methods and statistical measures, factors affecting intention to adopt and further use chatbots, the countries/continents where these surveys took place as well as relevant research citations and year of publication. In addition, the paper highlights research gaps in the examined issue and proposes future research directions in such a promising information technology solution.

Originality/value

As far as the authors are concerned, there has not been any other comprehensive literature review research to focus on examining previous empirical studies of users' intentions to adopt and use chatbots on the aforementioned period. According to the authors' knowledge, the present paper is the first attempt in the field which demonstrates broad literature review data of relevant empirical studies.
Is consumers' willingness to pay premium for agricultural brand labels sustainable?: evidence from Chinese consumers' random n-price auction experiment
Authors: Bo Le , Yang Xiaoli
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Consumers' willingness to pay premium (WTPP) for two different types of agricultural brand labels (enterprise and regional), are evaluated through a non-hypothetical Random n-price auction experiment during the online purchase of fresh agricultural products. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the two WTPP, compare their differences, and explore their sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected in July–August 2020 from a sample of 310 consumers in Liaoning Province, China. A nonhypothetical random n-price auction experiment was implemented in a simulated online shopping environment.

Findings

The results show that WTPP exists, and WTPP level of regional brand labels is higher than that of enterprise brand labels. Consumers' WTPP is sustainable. Consumers with low WTPP for enterprise brand labels and consumers with high WTPP for regional brand labels have stronger willingness to repurchase.

Practical implications

The results have direct practical implications for developing brand agriculture and encouraging “brand consumption”. The results can provide theoretical reference for policymakers, enlightenment for the development and effective dissemination of agricultural brand labels and important information to e-retailers on how to sale agricultural products with agricultural brand labels.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous study has related WTPP and its sustainability for agricultural brand labels in China. We try to fill a gap in literature on consumers' WTPP for agricultural brand labels. And the authors explore the sustainability of WTPP by analyzing the impact of WTPP on repurchase intention and recommendation intention respectively.
Total expenses for managerial remuneration in foreign manufacturing subsidiaries during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot exploration of applied policies
Authors: Gurkov Igor
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to reveal the policies applied to determine the total expenses for managerial remuneration in manufacturing subsidiaries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The author analyzed the annual financial reports of Russian manufacturing subsidiaries containing data on managerial remuneration and compared the dynamics of annual revenues and the amount of annual managerial remuneration.

Findings

The author identified four types of policies regarding the total amount of managerial remuneration. In a minority of cases, when revenues decreased, the share of the total amount of managerial remuneration in total revenues also decreased. The author also observed “payment for efforts”; although revenues decreased in 2020, the share of the total amount of managerial remuneration in total revenues increased. In 17% of cases, when revenue increased, the share of the total amount of managerial remuneration in revenue also increased. Finally, in 50% of cases, the COVID-19 pandemic served as a pretext to generate savings from the reduction in the total amount of managerial remuneration despite the increase in revenues.

Originality/value

This is the first study to use real financial reports to evaluate the dynamics of the total amount and share of managerial remuneration in revenue during a crisis.
Decomposing the role of mobility restrictions in controlling COVID-19 outcomes: a regional level study of the Philippines
Authors: Gaduena Ammielou , Caboverde Christopher Ed , Flaminiano John Paul , Romero Regina Yvette
Published: July 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to explore empirically the interactions between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, economic mobility and containment policy to test the effectiveness of mobility restrictions in controlling the spread of the disease.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used weekly regional data for the 17 Philippine regions and estimated the effect of shocks using a panel vector autoregression (VAR) model.

Findings

The authors conclude that COVID-19 deaths and incidence primarily respond to shocks that affect the lethality and transmissibility of the disease, and mobility restrictions and strict quarantine levels do not seem to have any impact on these outcomes. The movement of people during this pandemic period, on the other hand, seems to respond more to economic factors and government restrictions and less to the presence of and the characteristics of the disease.

Originality/value

Since the pandemic is a public bad, community cooperation is a must to address it. Clear government messaging that dispels doubts on the safety of the newly developed vaccines and that encourages public acceptance and trust might be a better nudge compared to a heavy-handed and threatening approach.
Exploring the influence of behavioral aspects on stock investment decision-making: a study on Bangladeshi individual investors
Authors: Hossain Tanzina , Siddiqua Pallabi
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Determining the impact of behavioral influences on the stock market has significant implications for investment analysis and portfolio management. Behavioral biases are parameters that need to be considered in investment decision-making. The purpose of this study is to inform Bangladeshi investors about behavioral biases that they may encounter when making investment decisions in the prevailing frontier environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Through the chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, paired-samples t-test and descriptive analysis based on the facts collected from 281 respondents of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), the study has found that individual investors of Bangladesh often make investment decisions emotionally rather than based on theories.

Findings

The result shows that risk aversion and risk perception are the two most influential emotional dimensions that impact investors' decisions. The findings are consistent with the other researchers and highlight the fact that investors hardly act according to the norms recommended in the financial theories.

Research limitations/implications

The findings are grounded on a small portion of investors at DSE on some particular days, which is not sufficient to study individual investors' entire complex decision-making behavior from various angles. Many respondents were reluctant and even confused to disclose their behavioral aspects. These, along with biased and careless answers, may impede the identification of the actual scenario of the behavioral responses in decision-making that demand further study.

Originality/value

The novelty of this study is unique in that it examined investors of the DSE, who are considered to be a representative in a frontier market like Bangladesh. Since this market is not very resilient, small investors need to be aware of the biases of behavioral factors to survive.
A review on pectinase properties, application in juice clarification, and membranes as immobilization support
Authors: Patel Vashishtha B. , Chatterjee Somak , Dhoble Abhishek S.
Published: July 2022

Pectic substances cause haziness and high viscosity of fruit juices. Pectinase enzymes are biological compounds that degrade pectic compounds. Nontoxicity and ecofriendly nature make pectinases excellent biocatalysts for juice clarification. However, the poor stability and nonreusability of pectinases trim down the effectiveness of the operation. The immobilization techniques have gained the attention of researchers as it augments the properties of the enzymes. Literature has reported the stability improvement of enzymes like lipase, laccase, hydrogen peroxidase, and cellulase upon immobilization on the membrane. However, only a few research articles divulge pectinase immobilization using a membrane. The catalysis‐separation synergy of membrane‐reactor has put indelible imprints in industrial applications. Immobilization of pectinase on the membrane can enhance its performance in juice processing. This review delineates the importance of physicochemical and kinematic properties of pectinases relating to the juice processing parameters. It also includes the influence of metal‐ion cofactors on enzymes’ activity. Considering the support and catalytic‐separation facets of the membrane, the prediction of the membrane as support for pectinase immobilization has also been carried out.
Optimizing the extrusion conditions for the production of expanded intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) products
Authors: Boakye Prince G. , Okyere Akua Y. , Kougblenou Ibilola , Kowalski Ryan , Ismail Baraem P. , Annor George A.
Published: July 2022

In this study, the effects of extrusion conditions such as feed moisture content (20%, 24%, and 28%), screw speed (200, 300, and 400 rpm), and extrusion temperature (130, 150, and 170°C) on the physical and functional properties (moisture content, expansion ratio, bulk density, hardness, water absorption index [WAI], water solubility index [WSI]) of intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) were investigated for the first time. Response surface methodology was used to model and optimize the extrusion conditions to produce expanded IWG. The model coefficient of determination (R2) was high for all the responses (0.87–0.98). All the models were found to be significant (p < 0.05) and were validated with independent experiments. Generally, all the extrusion conditions were found to have significant effects on the IWG properties measured. Increasing the screw speed and decreasing the extrusion temperature resulted in IWG extrudates with a high expansion ratio. This also resulted in IWG extrudates with generally low hardness and bulk density. Screw speed was found to have the most significant effect on the WAI and WSI, with increasing screw speed resulting in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in WAI and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in WSI. The optimum conditions for obtaining an IWG extrudate with a high expansion ratio and WAI were found to be 20% feed moisture, 200 –356 rpm screw speed, and 130–154°C extrusion temperature.

Practical Application

Extrusion cooking was employed in the production of expanded IWG. This research could provide a foundation to produce expanded IWG, which can potentially be used as breakfast cereals and snacks. This is critical in the efforts to commercialize IWG for mainstream food applications.
Comparison of the effectiveness of soft and hard splints in the symptomatic management of temporomandibular joint disorders: A randomized control study
Authors: Poorna T Anish , John Bobby , E K Joshna , Rao Arun
Published: July 2022

Aim

Splint therapy is a well‐established modality in the management of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). We aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of hard and soft splints in the symptomatic management of TMDs using the modified Helkimo index.

Methods

This study included 91 patients diagnosed with TMDs. Participants were randomly allocated into two treatment groups. All these patients were treated by hard or soft stabilization splint therapy. Group 1: hard splint group, n = 42 (mean age ‐ 31.62 ± 8.5 years), 10 males and 32 females; group 2: soft splint group, n = 49 (mean age ‐ 32.86 ± 9.06 years), 13 males and 36 females. The anamnestic and clinical dysfunction component of the modified Helkimo index was used to evaluate the outcomes at baseline (T0), first month (T1), and third month (T2).

Results

Symptoms such as clicking of the joints, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and muscle pain showed improvement in both groups (P < .05). Restriction and deviation of mouth opening did not show significant improvement in either group. The patients who underwent hard splint therapy showed an early improvement of symptoms at T1 (P < .05). However, there was no statistical difference in the improvement of symptoms between hard and soft splints at T2.

Conclusion

Both hard and soft stabilization splints were effective in the symptomatic management of TMDs. However, hard splints provide an earlier reduction of symptoms.
How close is danger? Relationship between the distance from an exotic tree plantation and occupancy of an endemic lizard
Authors: de Oliveira Arthur Schramm , Guimarães Murilo , Matias Nathalia Rocha , Verrastro Laura
Published: July 2022

Silviculture is among the human activities that contribute most to fragmentation and habitat loss. The comprehension of the effects of such activity on the environment is crucial for conservation. Here, we assessed the effects of silviculture on the local distribution of Contomastix vacariensis, an endemic lizard from southern Brazil. We used a single‐season occupancy model in a Bayesian framework to estimate the occupancy probability of the species in 69 sites with different distances from silviculture areas. Our data showed a low probability of occupancy of C. vacariensis within a distance smaller than 1000 m from silviculture areas, while detection probability was negatively influenced by wind speed. This is the first work to demonstrate a gradual negative effect of exotic silviculture in lizards, which may be more intense inside planted areas and decrease as the distance from the exotic plantation increases. Such results may help delimit the size of conservation areas and management of exotic silviculture species within these areas. Studies with similar methods, considering the distance from the effects of environmental impacts, can be a helpful tool to make predictions based on the projected growth of silviculture in natural areas supporting threatened species.
Canine reference genome accuracy impacts variant calling: Lessons learned from investigating embryonic lethal variants
Authors: Kinsey Nathan A. , Belanger Janelle M. ,   Dog Biomedical Variant Database Consortium, Oberbauer Anita M.
Published: July 2022

Deficient homozygosity of a variant maintained in a population suggests that the variant may be embryonic lethal. We examined whole genome sequence data from 675 canids to investigate for variants with missing homozygosity and high predicted impact. Our analysis identified 45 variants, in 32 genes. However, further scrutiny of the sequence reads revealed that all but one of these variants were artifacts of the variant calling process when using CanFam3.1, a widely utilized canine reference genome. We demonstrate that the use of multiple, newer reference genomes could reduce artifacts and lead to more accurate variant identification.
Intrauterine infusion of low levels of interferon‐tau on day‐8 post‐estrus stimulates the bovine endometrium to secrete apolipoprotein‐A1: A possible implication for early embryo tolerance
Authors: Rashid Mohammad B. , Marey Mohamed A. , Fukuda Kenji , Haneda Shingo , Kusama Kazuya , Shimada Masayuki , Imakawa Kazuhiko , Miyamoto Akio
Published: July 2022

We previously reported that interferon‐tau (IFNT), derived from day‐7 blastocyst, generates anti‐inflammatory responses in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) in vitro. However, the real in vivo impact of early embryo‐derived IFNT on the uterine proteomic profile is mostly unknown. This study aimed to investigate proteomic changes of uterine flush (UF) when infused with a low physiological level of IFNT without embryo on day‐8 post‐estrus and its possible impact on the uterine immunological microenvironment. First, a fresh medium was infused into the uterine lumen on day‐6, from which UF was obtained 24 h later, and this procedure was repeated on day‐7 (control UF). On day‐8, this procedure was done with a medium containing recombinant bovine IFNT (100 pg/ml) (IFNT‐supplemented UF). Control and IFNT‐supplemented UF were tested for immune responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Real‐time PCR results revealed that IFNT‐supplemented UF downregulated pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNFA, IL1B) and upregulated anti‐inflammatory cytokine (TGFB1) and PTGES in PBMCs. Through 2‐D PAGE, followed by TOF/TOF mass spectrometer, apolipoprotein‐A1 (Apo‐A1) protein was identified in the IFNT‐supplemented UF, which was confirmed by ELISA analysis. Proteomic analysis revealed again that the in vitro stimulation of BEECs by IFNT upregulated Apo‐A1 expression. Further, stimulation of PBMCs with recombinant bovine Apo‐A1 downregulated TNFA and NFKB and upregulated TGFB1 and PTGES in PBMCs. Altogether, our results suggest that minute amounts of IFNT alone, normally secreted from bovine blastocyst, stimulate Apo‐A1 secretion from the endometrial epithelium in the absence of embryo that initiates an anti‐inflammatory environment, which could pave the way for the acceptance of early embryo in the uterus.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in pregnancy: Are we adequately identifying and managing risks?
Authors: Choy Kay Rui , Emmett Shannon , Wong Audris
Published: July 2022

Pregnancy is a well‐known risk factor of venous thromboembolism. We retrospectively reviewed case histories of 82 pregnant women who developed symptoms of venous pathology, thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolus (PE) while receiving care at our hospital. We found the VTE risk identification and documentation during their pregnancies were deficient resulting in the omission of appropriate thromboprophylaxis. Many confirmed VTE cases (antenatally or postpartum) were not on thromboprophylaxis prior to diagnosis despite having multiple risk factors. We recommend the use of a risk assessment tool by clinicians for accurate risk identification ensuring proper risk management at different stages of pregnancy.
Acute corneal allograft rejection following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination–A systematic review
Authors: Moura‐Coelho Nuno , Cunha João Paulo , Papa‐Vettorazzi Renato , Gris Óscar , Güell José Luis
Published: July 2022

All documented cases of acute corneal allograft rejection following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination were examined, to characterize possible risk factors and graft outcomes. Comprehensive search (4 electronic databases: PubMed, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar, plus manual search in articles' reference lists) until March 1st 2022 to identify studies reporting acute corneal allograft rejection following SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination; study protocol was developed in line with PRISMA statement. We analysed demographics, allograft type, rejection prophylaxis regime at the time of vaccination, transplantation‐to‐vaccination time (G‐Vt), vaccination‐to‐immune reaction onset time (V‐Rt), management, best‐corrected visual acuity before and after rejection, and graft survival. Of 169 titles/abstracts screened, 16 studies (n  = 36 eyes) met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen eyes (38.9%) had received >1 graft, and 11.1% of cases had history of immune reactions; 52.9% of cases occurred after the first dose. Median (P25‐P75) G‐Vt was 48 (10–78) months; median V‐Rt was 9 (7–14) days. In eyes with resolved rejection, median time‐to‐resolution was 3 (1–4) weeks. Four eyes (11.1%) had partial resolution of corneal decompensation, and 5 grafts (13.9%) failed. Acute corneal allograft rejection after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination is a rare event, but may occur any time post‐keratoplasty. Early recognition and prompt, aggressive treatment is warranted to optimize vision and graft survival. Well‐known risk factors for rejection may be confounding factors, including the high proportion of cases with a history of previous grafts and the rejection prophylaxis regimes at the time of vaccination. Increasing immunosuppressants in the peri‐vaccination period may decrease the risk of immune reactions, especially in high‐risk cases.
An integrated perspective on individual and team resilience: Moving from multilevel structure to cross‐level effects
Authors: Fisher David M. , LeNoble Chelsea A. , Vanhove Adam J.
Published: July 2022

We address the interrelatedness of resilience across levels by proposing a series of cross‐level effects between individual and team resilience. First, we present a homologous model of resilience including four core components that transcend levels of analysis: (1) the occurrence of adversity, (2) the capacity for resilience (3) the enactment of resilience, and (4) the demonstration of resilience. Second, building on a multilevel perspective and existing theory (e.g., conservation of resources and role theory), we present five foundational principles for understanding cross‐level resilience effects: (1) resilience components are interrelated across levels; (2) resilience capacity resources are finite and subject to depletion; (3) resources can be derived from and applied to individual or team levels; (4) effectively enacting resilience requires alignment between resources and situational demands; and (5) resilience processes can conflict across levels. Finally, we present a series of propositions that elucidate potential cross‐level effects between components of individual and team resilience, including those with positive, null, and negative consequences. This work advances the resilience literature by offering an integrated, cross‐level perspective concerning the ways in which individual and team resilience are likely interrelated.
Risk of dementia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a Danish population‐based study
Authors: Rønnow Sand Jakob , Troelsen Frederikke Schønfeldt , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Henderson Victor W. , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Erichsen Rune
Published: July 2022

Background

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be associated with increased dementia risk, but the literature is conflicting.

Aim

To investigate dementia risk in patients with IBD.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide population‐based cohort study in Denmark (1977–2018) including all patients with incident IBD matched with up to 10 general population comparators without IBD by sex, year of birth and region of residence. We calculated cumulative incidence proportions (CIPs) of dementia treating death as a competing risk, and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) comparing IBD patients with matched comparisons. In a nested case–control analysis, we investigated the impact of IBD severity, steroid use, colorectal and small bowel surgery, and healthcare system contacts on dementia risk.

Results

Of 88,985 patients with IBD (69.6% with ulcerative colitis [UC], 30.4% with Crohn's disease [CD]) and 884,108 comparisons, 2076 patients (78.1% with UC) and 23,011 comparisons (76.6% UC comparisons) developed dementia. The 40‐year CIP of all‐cause dementia was 7.2% for UC patients and 5.8% for CD patients. UC patients had a slightly increased HR of all‐cause dementia (HR = 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01;1.12]) and Alzheimer's disease (HR = 1.10 [95% CI: 1.01–1.19]). CD patients had an increased HR of all‐cause dementia (HR = 1.15 [95% CI: 1.05–1.27]) and frontotemporal dementia (HR = 2.70 [95% CI: 1.44–5.05]). Dementia in IBD patients was associated with frequent healthcare system contacts.

Conclusions

UC and CD are associated with slightly increased all‐cause dementia risk, particularly frontotemporal dementia in CD patients. Frequent healthcare system contacts by patients with IBD and detection bias may play a role in the association.
An in silico–in vitro pipeline for drug cardiotoxicity screening identifies ionic pro‐arrhythmia mechanisms
Authors: Clark Alexander P. , Wei Siyu , Kalola Darshan , Krogh‐Madsen Trine , Christini David J.
Published: July 2022

Background and Purpose

Before advancing to clinical trials, new drugs are screened for their pro‐arrhythmic potential using a method that is overly conservative and provides limited mechanistic insight. The shortcomings of this approach can lead to the mis‐classification of beneficial drugs as pro‐arrhythmic.

Experimental Approach

An in silico–in vitro pipeline was developed to circumvent these shortcomings. A computational human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC‐CM) model was used as part of a genetic algorithm to design experiments, specifically electrophysiological voltage clamp (VC) protocols, to identify which of several cardiac ion channels were blocked during in vitro drug studies. Such VC data, along with dynamically clamped action potentials (AP), were acquired from iPSC‐CMs before and after treatment with a control solution or a low‐ (verapamil), intermediate‐ (cisapride or quinine) or high‐risk (quinidine) drug.

Key Results

Significant AP prolongation (a pro‐arrhythmia marker) was seen in response to quinidine and quinine. The VC protocol identified block of IKr (a source of arrhythmias) by all strong IKr blockers, including cisapride, quinidine and quinine. The protocol also detected block of ICaL by verapamil and Ito by quinidine. Further demonstrating the power of the approach, the VC data uncovered a previously unidentified If block by quinine, which was confirmed with experiments using a HEK‐293 expression system and automated patch‐clamp.

Conclusion and Implications

We developed an in silico–in vitro pipeline that simultaneously identifies pro‐arrhythmia risk and mechanism of ion channel‐blocking drugs. The approach offers a new tool for evaluating cardiotoxicity during preclinical drug screening.
La conception du logement informel en Algérie: les cas des villes de Guelaat Bou Sbaa et Bouati Mahmoud
Authors: Houamria Faissel , Nasri Mohamed
Published: July 2022

L'objectif de cet article est d'évaluer l'impact des facteurs socioéconomiques, démographiques, financiers et règlementaires sur la conception du logement informel dans la wilaya (ensemble de communes) de Guelma (Algérie). Pour ce faire, 34 logements situés dans deux petites villes (Guelaat Bou Sbaa et Bouati Mahmoud) ont été sélectionnées. Cette évaluation a été effectuée à l'aide d'une analyse des plans actuels et des plans de mise aux normes des logements existants. Plus précisément, nous avons procédé à une analyse spatiale des deux types de plans en question tout en réalisant un portrait socioéconomique, démographique, financier et règlementaire des logements étudiés et de leurs occupants. Les résultats suggèrent l'importance de l'espace extérieur des logements existants et une tendance vers plus de complexité et d'intériorité spatiale dans les logements projetés. De plus, nous remarquons que la conception du logement est dépendante du facteur social tandis qu'elle est indépendante des facteurs économique, financier et règlementaire. Par ailleurs, les facteurs économiques et financiers affectent le taux d'achèvement et d'occupation des logements tandis que les règlements n'ont visiblement aucune influence sur la conception du logement du fait de la difficulté de leur mise en application.
Scientific evaluation of alleged findings in HPV vaccines: Molecular mimicry and mouse models of vaccine‐induced disease
Authors: Matsumura Noriomi , Tsunoda Ikuo
Published: July 2022

Cervical cancer is caused by infections of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which can be prevented by vaccinations. In Japan, although about 3000 people die of cervical cancer annually, the HPV vaccination rate has remained extremely low in the eligible population since many Japanese have been concerned that “diverse symptoms,” such as chronic pain, movement disorders, and cognitive impairment, may occur as adverse reactions after HPV vaccination. The concern has been raised by media coverage of the ongoing HPV vaccine lawsuits, in which the plaintiffs complained of their symptoms caused by HPV vaccination. The claims have been based on the alleged pathogenic findings in research articles on HPV vaccines, summarized in the document prepared by the plaintiffs' attorneys. We critically evaluated these articles, in which the authors proposed the following findings/hypothesis: (i) molecular mimicry between HPV L1 and human proteins leads to the production of cross‐reactive antibodies; and (ii) HPV vaccine injection in mice causes damage in the brain, a mouse model for HPV vaccine associated neuro‐immunopathic syndrome (HANS). We found that these hypotheses were based mainly on the findings from a few research groups and that all the articles had flaws in the method, result, or discussion sections. Our current evaluation should help better understand the validity of the findings, which have been often misunderstood as the truth by the general public. We propose to accumulate high‐quality data on potential adverse events following HPV vaccination and to continue critically evaluating them.
Establishing the relationship between familial dysbetalipoproteinemia and genetic variants in theAPOEgene
Authors: Heidemann Britt E. , Koopal Charlotte , Baass Alexis , Defesche Joep C. , Zuurbier Linda , Mulder Monique T. , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine E. , Riksen Niels P. , Boot Christopher , Marais A. David , Visseren Frank L. J.
Published: July 2022

Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia (FD) is the second most common monogenic dyslipidemia and is associated with a very high cardiovascular risk due to cholesterol‐enriched remnant lipoproteins. FD is usually caused by a recessively inherited variant in theAPOEgene (ε2ε2), but variants with dominant inheritance have also been described. The typical dysbetalipoproteinemia phenotype has a delayed onset and requires a metabolic hit. Therefore, the diagnosis of FD should be made by demonstrating both the genotype and dysbetalipoproteinemia phenotype. Next Generation Sequencing is becoming more widely available and can reveal variants in theAPOEgene for which the relation with FD is unknown or uncertain. In this article, two approaches are presented to ascertain the relationship of a new variant in theAPOEgene with FD. The comprehensive approach consists of determining the pathogenicity of the variant and its causal relationship with FD by confirming a dysbetalipoproteinemia phenotype, and performingin vitrofunctional tests and, optionally,in vivopostprandial clearance studies. When this is not feasible, a second, pragmatic approach within reach of clinical practice can be followed for individual patients to make decisions on treatment, follow‐up, and family counseling.
Female terminalia morphology and cladistic relations among Tok‐Tok beetles (Tenebrionidae: Sepidiini)
Authors: Kamiński Marcin J. , Gearner Olivia M. , Raś Marcin , Hunsinger Elliot T. , Smith Amelia L. , Mas‐Peinado Paloma , Girón Jennifer C. , Bilska Aleksandra G. , Strümpher Werner P. , Wirth Christopher C. , Kanda Kojun , Swichtenberg Kali , Iwan Dariusz , Smith Aaron D.
Published: July 2022

Tok‐tokkies are one of the most iconic lineages within Tenebrionidae. In addition to containing some of the largest darkling beetles, this tribe is recognized for its remarkable form of sexual communication known as substrate tapping. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic relationships within the group remain poorly understood. This study investigates the usefulness of female terminalia morphology for delimiting Sepidiini and reconstructing relationships among it. Data on the structure of the ovipositors, genital tubes and spicula ventrali have been generated for >200 species representing 28 Pimeliinae tribes. This dataset was used in a comparative analysis at the subfamilial level, which resulted in recognition of several unique features of tok‐tokkie terminalia. Additionally, new features linking phenotypically challenging tribes also were recovered (Cryptochilini + Idisiini + Pimeliini). Secondly, 23 characters linked to the structure of female terminalia were defined for tok‐tok beetles. Cladistic analysis demonstrates the nonmonophyletic nature of most of the recognized subtribes. The morphological dataset was analysed separately and in combination with available molecular data (CAD, Wg, cox1, cox2, 28S). All obtained topologies were largely congruent, supporting the following changes: Palpomodina Kamiński & Gearner subtr.n. is erected to accommodate the genera Namibomodes and Palpomodes; Argenticrinis and Bombocnodulus are transferred from Hypomelina to Molurina; 153 species and subspecies previously classified within Psammodes are distributed over three separate genera (Mariazofia Kamiński nom.n., Piesomera stat.r., Psammodes sens.n.). Psammodes sklodowskae Kamiński & Gearner sp.n. is described. Preliminary investigation of the ovipositor of Mariazofia basuto (Koch) comb.n. was carried out with the application of microcomputed tomography, illuminating the muscular system as a reliable reference point for recognizing homologous elements in highly modified ovipositors.
Should systemic antibiotics be prescribed in periodontal abscesses and pericoronitis? A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Leroy Roos , Bourgeois Jolyce , Verleye Leen , Toma Selena
Published: July 2022

This study assessed whether systemic antibiotics are beneficial or harmful in patients who present with an acute periodontal abscess or pericoronitis, with or without systemic involvement, and, if antibiotics are beneficial, which type, dosage, and duration are the most effective. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were screened from 1948 up to 1 April 2022 for systematic reviews, randomised clinical trials (RCTs), and other studies. Dedicated websites were consulted for systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines, and health technology assessments on the topic. Outcomes of interest comprised tooth survival, swelling, pain, tooth mobility, periodontal probing depth, suppuration, adverse effects, quality of life measurements, and medication required for pain relief. Overall, five guidelines, seven systematic reviews, 15 RCTs, and 34 other studies were identified and selected for full‐text assessment, but none of them fulfilled the inclusion criteria. At present there is no single randomised or non‐randomised controlled trial assessing the harms and clinical effectiveness of systemic antibiotics in adults with a periodontal abscess or pericoronitis.
The “modest majority and big minority” of climate change: Believers and nonbelievers are inaccurate about the extent that others agree
Authors: Maier Karl J. , Whitehead George I. , Lahay Amber R.
Published: July 2022

Established social psychology literature shows that people demonstrate a systematic bias when estimating the proportion of others who hold their viewpoint on a range of issues; the majority regularly underestimates agreement, and the minority shows even greater error in overestimating agreement with their viewpoint. Applying this to climate change may help us better understand the determinants of public opinion on that issue. Across four studies, we found that people who believe climate change is happening (the majority) underestimate the percentage of other people who hold their view, whereas those who do not believe climate change is happening (the minority) greatly overestimate agreement with their view. We consistently found this pattern for other contemporary issues where there was a clear majority/minority distinction. Furthermore, greater certainty of one's position on climate change was related to greater and more accurate estimates of agreement among the majority, whereas low certainty was associated with estimates closer to 50%. Consistent with cognitive availability as a mechanism for these findings, exploratory analyses suggest that greater certainty of climate change happening is associated with a greater subjective knowledge and frequency of thinking and hearing about climate change, and talking about it with others. Finding the majority/minority pattern of consensus bias for climate change and other issues suggests that general approaches, such as providing accurate normative data and targeting efforts according to a population's belief certainty, may impact public sentiment and engagement on climate change.
Clinical, microbiological, and immunological effects of 3‐ or 7‐day systemic antibiotics adjunctive to subgingival instrumentation in patients with aggressive (Stage III/IV Grade C) periodontitis: A randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Cosgarea Raluca , Jepsen Søren , Heumann Christian , Batori‐Andronescu Ionela , Rosu Alexandra , Bora Raluca , Arweiler Nicole B. , Eick Sigrun , Sculean Anton
Published: July 2022

Aim

To evaluate the clinical non‐inferiority of a 3‐day protocol of systemic antibiotics adjunctive to subgingival instrumentation (SI) compared with a 7‐day‐protocol in patients with Stage III/IV Grade C periodontitis.

Materials and Methods

Fifty systemically healthy patients (32.7 ± 4.3 years) with aggressive periodontitis (AgP; Stage III/IV Grade C periodontitis) were treated by SI and adjunctive amoxicillin and metronidazole and were randomly assigned to Group A: (n = 25) 500 mg antibiotics (AB) 3 times a day for 3 days, followed by placebo 3 times a day for 4 days, or Group B: (n = 25) 500 mg AB 3 times a day for 7 days. Clinical, microbial, and immunological parameters were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, and patient‐related outcomes were assessed after 2 weeks. The primary outcome variable was the number of residual sites with pocket depth (PD) ≥6 mm at 6 months.

Results

For the primary outcome variable (the number of residual sites with PD ≥6 mm at 6 months), the null hypothesis was rejected and non‐inferiority of the 3‐day AB protocol compared with the 7‐day AB protocol was demonstrated (the upper limits of the 95% confidence interval for intention to treat analysis: [−2.572; 1.050] and per protocol analysis: [−2.523; 1.318] were lower than the assumed margin of Δ = 3.1). Comparable clinical improvements were obtained for all parameters with both antibiotic protocols (p > .05). All investigated periodontopathogens and pro‐inflammatory host‐derived markers were statistically significantly reduced without differences between the treatments (p > .05).

Conclusions

These findings indicate that in patients with AgP (Stage III/IV Grade C periodontitis), a 3‐day systemic administration of amoxicillin and metronidazole adjunctive to SI may lead to non‐inferior clinical outcomes after 6‐months with fewer adverse events compared with a 7‐day‐protocol.
Prevalence of non‐cavitated lesions and progression, regression, and no change from age 9 to 23 years
Authors: Zafar Mahrukh , Levy Steven M. , Warren John J. , Xie Xian Jin , Kolker Justine , Pendleton Chandler
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Some non‐cavitated caries lesions (D1), the initial stage of caries, progress to cavitation. This article reports participant‐level and surface‐level D1 prevalence and changes in status of D1 lesions through different periods from age 9 to 23.

Methods

The Iowa Fluoride Study (IFS) participants were followed longitudinally; all permanent tooth surfaces were examined clinically for caries at ages 9, 13, 17, and 23 using standardized criteria for sound (S), questionable (D0), non‐cavitated (D1), cavitated (D2+), filled (F), or missing due to decay (M). D1 lesions at the beginning of each interval were reassessed at each follow‐up age to determine transitions (to the 5 categories or no transition).

Results

The sample had relatively high socioeconomic status (SES), with about 52%–55% high SES, 32–35% middle SES, and 12–13% low SES. Person‐level prevalences of D1 lesions were 23%, 38%, 60%, and 45% at ages 9, 13, 17, and 23, respectively. Surface‐level prevalences were less than 1% at ages 9 and 13, 3% at 17, and 2% at 23. Thirteen percent of D1s at age 9 progressed at 13, 18% progressed from 13 to 17, and 11% progressed from 17 to 23. The percentages regressing (to sound or D0) were 72%, 54%, and 72%, respectively.

Conclusion

Non‐cavitated lesions were more prevalent at age 17 than at ages 9, 13, and 23. The high rates of regression compared to progression or no change suggest that many non‐cavitated lesions do not progress to cavitated lesions and could be reversed; therefore, surgical intervention should not be the treatment of choice for incipient lesions.
Intersections between adolescent fertility and obesity—pathways and research gaps focusing on Latin American populations
Authors: Câmara Saionara M. A. , McGurk Meghan D. , Gigante Denise , Lima Mateus D. A. , Shalaby Alena K. , Sentell Tetine , Pirkle Catherine M. , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues
Published: July 2022

Latin America has notably elevated rates of adolescent fertility and obesity in women. Although numerous studies document associations between adolescent fertility and obesity across the life course, the pathways explaining their association are insufficiently theorized, especially regarding the factors in Latin America that may underpin both. Additionally, much of the existing research is from high‐income countries, where fertility and obesity are trending down. In this paper, we review the various complex pathways linking adolescent fertility and obesity, highlighting research gaps and priorities, with a particular focus on Latin American populations. We carefully consider pregnancy's distinct impact on growth trajectories during the critical period of adolescence, as well as the cumulative effect that adolescent fertility may have over the life course. We also articulate a pathway through obesity as it may contribute to early puberty and thus, to adolescent fertility. If obesity is a cause of adolescent fertility, not a result of it, or if it is a mediator of early‐life exposures to adulthood obesity, these are critical distinctions for policy aiming to prevent both obesity and early fertility. Research to better understand these pathways is essential for prevention efforts against obesity and undesired adolescent fertility in Latin America.
Oral and maxillofacial tuberculosis: A systematic review
Authors: de Farias Gabriel Amanda , Kirschnick Laura Borges , Só Bruna Barcelos , Schuch Lauren Frenzel , Silveira Felipe Martins , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , Wagner Vivian Petersen , Lopes Márcio Ajudarte , Martins Manoela Domingues
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to analyze the demographic, clinical, histopathological, diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up data on the occurrence of oral and maxillofacial tuberculosis (OMTB).

Methods

Electronic searches without publication date restrictions were undertaken in four databases. Case reports and case series describing the occurrence of OMTB were included. Critical evaluation of studies was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute – University of Adelaide tool for case reports or case series.

Results

A total of 217 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, for a total of 301 cases of OMTB. Of these patients, 192 (63.7%) were male, with an average age of 39.6 ± 19.8 (15 months to 81 years). The tongue (n = 80/26.6%) represented the most common affected site, followed by the mandible (n = 43/14.3%). The clinical presentation consisted mainly of a painful ulcerated lesion (n = 156/56.5%). Histopathological analysis showed a granulomatous inflammation in most cases (n = 156/63.1%). The main diagnostic methods used were sputum test (n = 53/26.8%), culture (n = 49/24.7%) and purified protein derivative (PPD), or Mantoux test (n = 49/24.7%). Antituberculosis therapy was used in 244 cases (100.0%) and 5.2% of patients died.

Conclusions

This systematic review provided clinical, demographic data and information about diagnostic methods of OMTB lesions and served as an important guide to assist health professionals in the early diagnosis of these lesions.
Smart home technology to support older people's quality of life: A longitudinal pilot study
Authors: Aggar Christina , Sorwar Golam , Seton Carolyn , Penman Olivia , Ward Anastasia
Published: July 2022

Aim

This pilot study aimed to explore the impact of Smart Home technology to support older people’s quality of life, particularly for those who live alone.

Background

There has been an increased interest in using innovative technologies and artificial intelligence to enable Smart Home technology to support older people to age independently in their own homes.

Methods

This study used a pre‐and post‐test design. The seven item Personal Wellbeing Index was used to measure participants’ subjective quality of life across seven quality of life domains. Participants (n = 60) aged between 68 and 90 years (M = 80.10, SD = 5.56) completed a 12‐week personalised Smart Home technology program.

Results

Approximately half of the participants lived alone (48.3%). Participants’ quality of life significantly increased (p = 0.010) after Smart Home use. Two domains, “achieving in life” (p = 0.026) and “future security” (p = 0.004), were also significantly improved after participating in the Smart Home technology program. Improvements in quality of life did not vary as a function of living arrangement (all ps > .152, all  > .00).

Conclusion

The current study provides preliminary evidence for the role of Smart Home technology in supporting older people’s quality of life, particularly their sense of achieving in life and future security.