bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Woody Plant Species Diversity and Carbon Stocks Potential of Homegarden Agroforestry in Ephratana Gidimdistrict, Central Ethiopia.
Authors: Minale Mesafint , Wondie Menale
Published: December 2021

BackgroundTropical agroforestry systems can contribute incredible benefit for carbon sequestration and plant diversity. This system is one of the common practices in the Central part of Ethiopia. This is because of source of the multifunctional ecosystem services, such as food, feed, biodiversity conservation and carbon storage potential. MethodologyThis study was carried out to assess the influence of land size on floristic diversity, richness and biomass carbon stock. The homegardens were classified into small (<0.06 ha), medium (0.06–0.1 ha) and large (>0.1 ha). Biomass of the homegarden was computed using allometric equations.ResultsA total of 39 woody species, belonging to 24 families were recorded in all the study homegardens. Tree density 625.8 tree ha-1 and basal area 17.3 m2ha-1 were highest for small-size HGs. However, large homegarden had more species richness (Margalef Index) per garden (12.4) compared to medium and small size homegarden. Mean biomass carbon ranged from 9 to 89.3 ton ha-1. Mean biomass carbon stock per unit area was higher in small homegarden (49.3 ton ha-1) compared to medium (38.4 ton ha-1) and large (35 ton ha-1). ConclusionsThis result implies that homegarden can serve as both for carbon sequestration and conservation of woody species diversity. However, a specific homegarden management plan is necessary to improve the carbon storage and species diversification to the respective area. The results provide a catalyst the implication of the future potential of homegarden management in carbon storage thereby for climate change adaptation and mitigation purpose.
High RAD51 Gene Expression is Associated with Aggressive Biology and with Poor Survival in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wu Rongrong , Patel Ankit , Tokumaru Yoshihisa , Asaoka Mariko , Oshi Masanori , Yan Li , Ishikawa Takashi , Takabe Kazuaki
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Although DNA repair mechanism is a key to prevent carcinogenesis, its activation in established cancer cells may support their proliferation and aggravate cancer progression. RAD51 cooperates with BRCA2 and is essential in the homologous recombination of DNA repair. To this end, we hypothesized that RAD51 gene expression is associated with cancer cell proliferation and poor prognosis of breast cancer (BC) patients.Methods: A total of 8515 primary BC patients with transcriptome and clinical data from 17 independent cohorts were analyzed. Median was used to divide each cohort into high and low RAD51 expression groups.Results: High RAD51 expression enriched DNA repair gene set and was correlated with DNA repair-related genes. Nottingham histological grade, Ki67 expression and cell proliferation-related gene sets (E2F Targets, G2M Checkpoint and Myc Targets) were all significantly associated with the high RAD51 BC. RAD51 expression was positively correlated with Homologous Recombination Deficiency, as well as both mutation burden and neoantigen that accompanied with higher infiltration of immune cells. Primary BC with lymph node metastases were associated with high expression of RAD51 in 2 cohorts. There was no strong correlation between RAD51 expression and drug sensitivity in cell lines, and RAD51 expression was lower after the neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to before the treatment. High RAD51 BC was associated with poor prognosis consistently in 3 independent cohorts.Conclusion: RAD51 gene expression is associated with aggressive cancer biology, cancer cell proliferation, and poor survival in breast cancer.
Defibulation Can Recall The Trauma of FGM/C: A Case Report
Authors: Gianmarco Taraschi , Emily Manin , Francesco Bianchi De Micheli , Jasmine Abdulcadir
Published: December 2021

Background: Women with FGM/C are known to have psychological sequelae from the cutting and other traumatic experiences. However, very few studies report immediate psychological sequelae of genital reconstructive surgeries for this population. The present case is the first to our knowledge to report PTSD symptoms immediately following defibulation, a procedure common in women with FGM/C type III.Case presentation: We present the case of a 31-year-old nulliparous woman in the second trimester of pregnancy with FGM/C type IIIa who was referred for antepartum defibulation to facilitate a vaginal birth. Immediately after an uncomplicated surgery under local anaesthesia and just before the first micturition, she developed post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and suddenly recalled the traumatic experience of her first micturition after FGM/C when she was a child in Sudan. The woman was offered psychiatric follow-up with psychotherapy for four months and a short course of benzodiazepines. She had fully recovered by the time of delivery, four months after surgery.Conclusions: We discuss the possibility of recall of a past traumatic experience of FGM/C during defibulation or other genital surgeries. We review the benefits and risks of defibulation, the impact of this procedure, and the setting and timing in which it is performed, focusing on women's mental health and psychological support.
Automated Image Analysis to Map the Extent of Deep-Sea Mining Plumes Reveals a Larger Impacted Area Compared to Manual Analysis
Authors: Schoening Timm , Bodur Yasemin , Köser Kevin
Published: December 2021

Deep sea mining for poly-metallic nodules impacts the environment in many ways. A key potential hazard is the creation of a sediment plume from resuspending sediment during seabed mining. The resuspended matter disperses with currents but eventually resettles on the seabed. Resettling causes a blanketing of the seafloor environment, potentially causing harm to in-, epi- and hyperbenthic communities with possible cascading effects into food webs of deep sea habitats. Mapping the extent of such blanketing is thus an important factor in quantifying potential impacts of deep-sea mining.One technology that can assess seabed blanketing is optical imaging with cameras at square-kilometre scale. To efficiently analyse the resulting Terabytes of image data with minimized bias, automated image analysis is required. Moreover, effective quantitative monitoring of the blanketing requires ground truthing of the image data. Here, we present results from a camera-based monitoring of a deep-sea mining simulation combined with automated image analysis using the CoMoNoD method and low-cost seabed sediment traps for quantification of the blanketing thickness. We found that the impacted area was about 50 percent larger than previously determined by manual image annotation.
Do Pregnancy Outcomes of Women With False-Positive Early Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Differ From Those of Women With Normal Glucose Tolerance?
Authors: Nakanishi Sayuri , Aoki Shigeru , Shindo Ryosuke , Obata Soichiro , Kasai Junko , Miyagi Etsuko
Published: December 2021

Background: To investigate whether false-positive early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women can be managed similarly as normal glucose tolerance (NGT) women.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Japan. Pregnancy and neonate outcomes of 117 singleton pregnancies with false-positive early GDM and 1774 singleton pregnancies with NGT who delivered after 22 weeks of gestation were compared. GDM was diagnosed according to the IADPSG criteria (patients having one or more of the following: fasting plasma glucose ≥ 92 mg/dL and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) value ≥180 mg/dL at 1 h, or ≥153 mg/dL at 2 h). Pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in early pregnancy who did not meet the diagnostic criteria on the second OGTT were defined as having false-positive early GDM. Women with false-positive early GDM did not receive any therapeutic intervention during gestation.Results: Maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain were significantly higher in the false-positive GDM group than the NGT group. No significant differences were found in pregnancy outcomes, including gestational age, birth weight, large for gestational age rate, and cesarean delivery rate. Except for neonatal hypoglycemia rate, no significant differences were found in neonatal outcomes.Conclusions: There were no clinically significant differences between early GDM false-positive women exhibiting GDM patterns only during early pregnancy and NGT women. False-positive early GDM women can be managed similarly as NGT women, suggesting that WHO diagnostic guidelines, applying the IADPSG criteria during early pregnancy, need revision.
A method to experimentally clamp leaf water content to defined values to assess its effects on apoplastic pH
Authors: Kaiser Hartmut , Sagervanshi Amit , Mühling Karl H.
Published: December 2021

Background
Leaf hydration is controlled by feedback mechanisms, e.g. stomatal responses, adjustments of osmotic potential and hydraulic conductivity. Leaf water content thus is an input into related feedback-loops controlling the balance of water uptake and loss.
Apoplastic alkalisation upon leaf dehydration is hypothesized to be involved in water stress related signaling on tissue level. When studying these mechanisms and their intermediate signaling steps, an experimenter has only poor means to actually control the central experimental variable, leaf water content (LWC), because it is not only dependent on external variables (e.g. air humidity), which are under experimental control, but is also governed by the biological influences controlling transpiration and water uptake. Those are often unknown in their magnitude, unpredictable and fluctuating throughout an experiment and will prevent true repetitions of an experiment. The goal of the method presented here is to experimentally control and manipulate leaf water content (LWC) of attached intact leaves enclosed in a cuvette.

Results
An experimental setup was developed where LWC is measured by a sensor based on IR-transmission and its signal processed to control a pump which circulates air from the cuvette through a cold trap. Hereby a feedback-loop is formed, which by adjusting vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and consequently leaf transpiration can precisely control LWC. This technique is demonstrated here in a combination with microscopic fluorescence imaging of apoplastic pH (pH apo ) as indicated by the excitation ratio of the pH sensitive dye OregonGreen. Initial results indicate that pH apo of the adaxial epidermis of Vicia faba is linearly related to reductions in LWC.

Conclusions
Using this setup, constant LWC levels, step changes or ramps can be experimentally applied while simultaneously measuring physiological responses. The example experiments demonstrate that bringing LWC under experimental control in this way allows better controlled and more repeatable experiments to probe quantitative relationships between LWC and signaling and regulatory processes.
Introducing an Environmental Microbiome to Axenic Insectary Reared Mosquitoes Alters Host and Microbe Blood Digestion Phenotypes
Authors: Steven Blaire , LaReau Jacquelyn , Hyde Josephine , Brackney Doug
Published: December 2021

The microbiota of Aedes aegypti has been the subject of much research due to the potential role of the microbiome in mosquito physiology, development, and vectorial capacity. Axenic mosquitoes were colonized with environmental bacteria to compare microbiota acquired from the environment to insectary reared counterparts, particularly regarding blood meal digestion. Observationally, environmentally colonized mosquitoes showed faster blood digestion than insectary mosquitoes. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the diversity and community structure of the midgut microbiomes were distinct between the groups, with the environmental microbiomes having a greater diversity and larger temporal dynamics over the course of the blood meal. Metagenomic prediction from the 16S rRNA gene sequence data pointed to functional genes such as hemolysins differing between the two microbiomes. Additionally, only bacteria cultured from the environmental mosquitoes demonstrated hemolytic ability. Presence of these hemolytic bacteria may explain the observations of differing blood digestion rates in the mosquito. These data show that microbiomes of mosquitoes colonized from an environmental water source differ taxonomically and functionally from those from the insectary, with potential influences on host blood digestion. Thus, the axenic mosquito model can be employed to interrogate various microbiome compositions and link them to phenotypic outcomes of the host.
Environmental Factors Assisted the Evaluation of Entropy Water Quality Indices With Efficient Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Xia Jingjing , Zeng Jin
Published: December 2021

Water is an indispensable resource for human production and life. The evaluation of water quality by scientific method that provides sufficient support for the regeneration and recycling utilization of water resources. At present, water quality is mainly evaluated by water quality index (WQI) with weighted entropy value, which comprehensively considers the influence of different relevant environmental factors on the water quality. The calculation process is very complicated and time-consuming. In this paper, the method of correlation analysis is used to select the best combination of relevant environmental factors to assist the prediction model. Two typical kinds of machine learning methods are adopted and compared to realize the prediction of entropy water quality index (EWQI). After the better framework of prediction model is selected, four different kinds of optimization algorithms are used to optimize the prediction model to realize non-linear regression prediction and classification of water quality. According to the results of evaluation indicators, the framework of SVM is more suitable for realizing the prediction of EWQI. Meanwhile, the optimization algorithm of DE-GWO show great potential to improve the performance of SVM, which can make further contribution to the rational use and protection of water resources.
An Evaluation of Texture Modified Diets Compliant with the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative in Aged-Care Facilities Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Wu Xiaojing Sharon , Miles Anna , Braakhuis Andrea
Published: December 2021

Background: Texture modified diets (TMDs) are commonly prescribed for older adults with swallowing difficulties to improve swallowing safety. The International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) provides a framework for terminology, definitions and testing of TMDs. This observational mixed-method study used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to establish the barriers and enablers to IDDSI adoption in aged-care facilities (ACFs).Methods: Five New Zealand ACFs who had adopted IDDSI >12 months previously were recruited. Evaluation tools were developed based on CFIR constructs, integrating data from i) mealtime observations; ii) manager interviews and iii) staff (nursing, carers and kitchen) self-administrated surveys. Results: All facility and kitchen managers were IDDSI-aware and had access to online resources. Three sites had changed to commercially compliant products post-IDDSI adoption, which had cost implications. Awareness of IDDSI amongst staff ranged from 5-79% and <50% of staff surveyed felt sufficiently trained. Awareness was greater in large sites and where IDDSI was mandated by head office. Managers had not mandated auditing and they felt this had led to reduced perceived importance. Managers felt staff required more training and staff wanted more training, believing it would improve food safety and quality of care. Lack of a dedicated project leader and no speech pathologist onsite were perceived barriers. Collaboration between healthcare assistants, kitchen staff and allied health assisted implementation. Conclusion: ACF staff were aware of IDDSI but staff awareness was low. Using the CFIR, site-specific and generic barriers and enablers were identified to improve future implementation effectiveness. Managers and staff want access to regular training. Multidisciplinary collaboration and improving communication are essential. ACFs should consider TMD auditing regularly. Successful implementation of IDDSI allows improvement of quality of care and patient safety but requires a systematic, site-specific implementation plan.
Co-evolution of tumor cells and hepatocytes fostered by SLIT2-ROBO1 axis facilitates liver metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Xiao-Xin , Hu Li-Peng , Ni Bo , Wang Xu , Jiang ShuHeng , Yang Min-Wei , Jiang Yong-shen , Xu Chun-Jie , Zhang Xueli , Zhang Yanli , Huang Pei-Qi , Yang Qin , Zhou Yang , Gu Jian-ren , Xiao Gary Gui-Shan , Sun Yong-Wei , Li Jun , Zhang Zhi-Gang
Published: December 2021

To explore the mechanism of co-evolution and potential driver of which in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) metastasis to liver, we studied key molecules involved in this progress and their translational values. Pre-metastatic niche (PMN) and macro metastatic niche (MMN) formation in mouse model were recognized via CT combined 3D organ reconstruction bioluminescence imaging. We next confirmed the expressions and distributions of SLIT2 and ROBO1 in 35 cases of human matched liver metastasis and primary PDAC samples, 14 case human PDAC liver metastasis transcriptional analysis, intrasplenic mouse models and KrasG12D/Trp53R172H/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse models. Translational value was assessed on Slit2fl/fl/Alb1-Cre (Slit2 CKO) mice, KPC mouse model and Ex vivo tests via administration of neutralizing antibody targeting ROBO1. We also analyzed prognosis of 266 cases human PDAC tissue with or without SLIT2-ROBO1 fostered co-evolution and demonstrated the dependence receptor (DR) characteristics of ROBO1 in the following-up mechanism study. Experiments on Slit2 CKO, Slit2 CKO-RE and KPC mouse models demonstrated that disturbing SLIT2-ROBO1 mediated co-evolution in liver microenvironment via preventing their interaction could significantly attenuate liver metastasis of PDAC. We have demonstrated that co-evolution took advantage of DR characteristics in PMN and MMN. Targeting SLIT2-ROBO1 axis could be a therapeutic strategy towards metastatic PDAC.
Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria from tomato foliage and their in vitro efficacy against root-knot nematodes
Authors: Basumatary Binita , Das Debanand , Choudhury B. N. , Dutta Pranab , Bhattacharyya Ashok
Published: December 2021

Fifteen endophytic bacteria were isolated from leaves and stems ofSolanum lycopersicumandSolanum pimpinellifoliumcollected from different locations of the Jorhat district of Assam and characterized by morphological, cultural, biochemical and molecular approaches. An in vitro study was carried out to evaluate their potentiality as biological control agents against second stage juvenile of the root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognitarace2. Thirty second stage juveniles (J2) ofM. incognitarace 2 were exposed to cell free culture filtrates of all the 15 bacterial endophytes in a sterile cavity block at a concentration of S(100%), S/2(50%), S/4(25%), S/6(17%) and S/10(10%) for a duration of 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. The results revealed that all the isolates had the potentiality to significantly increase the mortality of the second stage juveniles (J2). The percent mortality was directly proportional to the duration of exposure time and the concentration of the culture filtrate. The isolate BETL2 showed the best result with 81.47% mortality of juveniles followed by isolates BETL4 (81.43%), BETLI (79.07%), BETS2 (78.87%), and BETL6 (78.17%). The 16S rRNA sequence amplification results indicated that these isolates wereBacillus marisflavi(BETL2),Bacillus altitudinis(BETL4),Microbacterium arborescens(BETL1),Exiguobacterium indicum(BETS2), andBacillus marisflavi(BETL6). The four most efficient isolates were structurally analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and this revealed that the length and breadth of isolates—BETLI, BETL2, BETL4, and BETS2 were 701.70 nm × 348.30 nm, 954.10 nm × 303.10 nm, 984.10 nm × 332.90 nm and 1422.00 nm × 742.00 nm, respectively. The result of the present study indicated that the above four novel strains of endophytic bacterial isolates enhance the mortality of J2ofM. incognitarace2 and has the potentiality as biological control agents againstM. incognita.
TÜRK HUKUKUNDA BOŞANMA HALİNDE ORTAK VELÂYETE HÜKMEDİLİP HÜKMEDİLEMEYECEĞİ SORUNU
Authors: ERCOŞKUN ŞENOL H. Kübra
Published: December 2021

Velâyet, kural olarak küçüklerin ve istisnai olarak kısıtlıların bakım ve korunmalarının sağlanabilmesi için, şahıs ve malları üstünde ana-babalarının sahip oldukları yükümlülük ve hakların bütünüdür. Türk Medeni Kanunu’nun 336. maddesine göre evlilik devam ettiği sürece ana ve baba velâyeti birlikte kullanır (f. 1). Velâyet, ana ve babadan birinin ölümü halinde sağ kalana, boşanmada ise çocuk kendisine bırakılan tarafa ait olur (f. 3). Ancak evliliğin boşanma ile sona erdiği hallerde de aynen evlilik devam ederken olduğu gibi, ana ve babanın velâyeti ortak bir şekilde kullanmalarının mümkün olup olmadığı son dönemlerde yoğun şekilde tartışılan bir konu haline gelmiştir. Avrupa’da yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarda, sağlıklı biçimde yürütülebilecek olması durumunda, ortak velâyetin, ana-babadan sadece biri tarafından yürütülen (tek başına) velâyete nazaran çocuğun menfaatine daha uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar, Avrupa ülkelerinin büyük bir kısmında boşanma halinde ortak velâyetin de bir velâyet türü olarak kabul edilmesine yol açmıştır. Türk Medeni Kanunu’nda henüz bu yönde açık bir düzenleme yapılmış değilse de, Türk öğretisinde mevcut düzenlemeler çerçevesinde ortak velâyete hükmedilebilmesi için bir zemin oluşturulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Uygulamada da çeşitli gerekçelerle ortak velâyete hükmedilmeye başlandığı ve bu yöndeki mahkeme hükümlerinin sayısının gün geçtikçe arttığı görülmektedir. Ancak uygulamada bir birliğin sağlanabilmesi adına bu önemli meselenin tüm hüküm ve sonuçları itibariyle kanunda düzenlenmesinin gerekli olduğu da açıktır.
Qualification of child sexting, sextorsion and online grooming
Authors: Kopyova Iryna Anatoliivna
Published: December 2021

Some characteristics of actus reus of Art. 3011 and of Art. 1561 of  the Criminal Code of Ukraine are analyzed. The characteristics of sexting and sextorsion, the subject matter of which is child pornography, and online grooming are revealed. If the participant in the child sexting is an adult who received from the child through a means of communication its image in a sexually explicit manner, his actions must be assessed as the production of child pornography (part 3 of Art. 3011 of  the Criminal Code) and its storage (part 1 or 2 of Art. 3011 of  the Criminal Code depending on the absence or presence of the purpose of selling or distribution). In this case, the adult participant in the sexting uses a child who photographs or shoots himself in a sexually explicit manner as a «tool» for the production of child pornography. If the participant in the child sexting is a minor (who has reached the age of 16), the responsibility for such acts arises only if he has the purpose of selling or distribution child pornography. If an adult participant in sexting has the purpose to obtain an image of a child in a sexually explicit manner and then threatens to sell or distribute it in order to obtain new such images, then there is a sextorsion that should be qualified as the production of child pornography (part 3 of Art. 3011 of  the Criminal Code), the storage of child pornography with the purpose of selling or distribution (part 2 of Art. 3011 of  the Criminal Code) and forcing a minor under-18s or under-14s to participate in the creation of child pornography (part 3 or 4 of Art. 3011 of  the Criminal Code). If the purpose of the sextorsion is to meet with the child online or in real life to commit any sexual or lewd acts with him or to involve the child in the production of child pornography, such sextorsion should be qualified as the production of child pornography (part 3 of Art. 3011 of  the Criminal Code), the storage of child pornography with the purpose of selling or distribution (part 2 of Art. 3011 of  the Criminal Code) and depending on the stage of the sextorsion: or as preparation for harassment of a child for sexual purposes, or as an attempt to commit a criminal offense, or as a completed harassment (Art. 1561 of the Criminal Code). Building a trusting relationship by adult with a child on the Internet for a future meeting with the purpose to committing any sexual or lewd acts against him or involving him in the production of child pornography constitutes online grooming and should qualify as preparation for harassment of a child for sexual purposes.
         Key words: child pornography, sexting, sextorsion, online grooming.
Liability of legal entities as a prerequisite for the implementation of the Medicrime Convention
Authors: Mykhailichenko Tetiana Oleksandrivna
Published: December 2021

It is examined in the article the provisions of current criminal law in terms of compliance with international legal obligations, which Ukraine has been taken while ratified the Convention on the counterfeiting of medical products and similar crimes involving threats to public health (the Medicrime Convention) in terms of liability of legal entities for the creation and circulation of counterfeit medical products. It was proved that in fact there is no such responsibility, and, therefore, the obligation is not fulfilled. A number of explanatory notes were also analyzed, which determined the range of criminal offenses for the commission of which measures of a criminal nature may be applied to a legal entity. It is established that no obstacles or arguments for non-inclusion in paragraph 1 of part 1 of Art. 96-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine there are no pharmaceutical crimes.

An analysis of the leading international experience in the implementation of liability of legal entities for these acts, in particular, Spain, Germany and Switzerland. In addition, judgments of foreign states, which proves that pharmaceutical crimes are crimes that can be committed by transnational organized crime. Therefore, the obligation to expand the range of crimes under Part 1 of Art. 96-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine follows from the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.

It was emphasized that in order to effectively counter the spread of counterfeit medical products, it is necessary to expand the powers of the State Medical Service to control the quality of medical products without prior notice of inspection of business entities (Law of Ukraine" On Basic Principles of State Supervision (Control)" 2007 № 877).

It is necessary to bring the national legislation in line with Art. 11 of the Medicrime Convention to escape from all drawbacks due to expansion range of crimes that could help to make responsible the legal entities in criminal law. For this purpose, it is mandatory to add paragraph 1 Part 1 of Art. 96-3 by reference to Articles 305 and 321-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Public calls for criminal offenses in post-Soviet countries (comparative analysis)
Authors: Rubashchenko Mykola Anatoliiovych
Published: December 2021

The article provides a comparative analysis of the criminal legislation of post-Soviet countries in terms of criminalization of public calls to commit criminal offenses. The criminal codes of the following countries have been studied: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Armenia, Georgia, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
Common features of criminalization of public appeals in the named post-Soviet countries are established. Their distinctive features in comparison with the Ukrainian variant of regulation are defined. The list of subsequent crimes in the studied codes is not the same, but there are those whose public appeals are typical of the criminal codes of the vast majority of countries, namely – to: a) aggressive war, b) terrorist crimes, c) encroachments on the constitutional order and territorial integrity, d) mass riots.
Unlike many European countries, the criminal codes of post-Soviet countries do not provide for universal types of public appeals (ie appeals to crime in general). The maximum of universalization here is calls only for crimes of a certain kind, for example, calls for terrorist crimes or crimes against the state. That is, it is mostly a case-by-case approach to the criminalization of public appeals – responsibility is established for public appeals to certain actions.
In addition, the article draws attention to the following: a) the degree of punishment of public calls, that is, the penalties contained in sanctions (unqualified or «simple» public calls  are mostly punishable by up to 3 years in prison or up to 5 years), b) the differentiation of responsibilities (aggravating circumstances), c) system and placement of special types of public calls in the structure of special parts of criminal codes.
INFORMATION SECURITY: TO THE PROBLEM OF PLACE AND ROLE IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM
Authors: Chalapko Vladimir
Published: December 2021

The article substantiates that the information impact carried out using the technologies of control and manipulation of public consciousness causes dysfunctional processes that impede the optimal functioning of state institutions. The main object of protection in this case is the public consciousness. It is noted that the specifics of information security allows it to cover all types of security: economic, socio-political, military and environmental, therefore its provision is a priority in the process of solving national security problems. The conditions for ensuring the main types of state security depend on ensuring information security at the present stage of development of society.
THE VARIETY OF DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY AS A BASIS FOR FORMING A MODERN UNDERSTANDING OF SECURITY
Authors: Trofymenko Volodymyr
Published: December 2021

Modern social life is very quickly filled with new spheres of life that require dynamic philosophical comprehension. Their development on the basis of new approaches allows us to look differently at the problem of security in the newest spheres of human life and single out the main ones among them. National security, cyber security, gender security are considered as an example.
Rekayasa Sistem Pengiriman Informasi Jangkauan LAN dan WAN TVRI Jawa Tengah Menggunakan Server Samba dan FTP
Authors: Hidayat Alfian , Mustofa Hery , Widhiatmoko Stefanus
Published: December 2021

Pengiriman Informasi merupakan objek vital bagi lembaga penyiaran publik(LPP) TVRI Jawa Tengah, pasalnya keseluruhan aktivitas yang terjadi pada LPP TVRI Jawa Tengah adalah pengiriman informasi. LPP TVRI Jawa Tengah membutuhkan informasi terupdate dari koresponden-koresponden daerah agar konten yang ditayangkan TVRI Jawa Tengah selalu segar dan penonton mendapatkan informasi terbaru. Lokasi-lokasi koresponden yang berbeda dan metode pengiriman yang berbeda menjadi tantangan tersendiri untuk pengiriman informasi ke redaksi TVRI Jawa Tengah. Untuk itu, perlunya dibuatkan sebuah sistem pengiriman informasi internal-eksternal TVRI Jawa Tengah yang efektif dan efisien menggunakan Server FTP dan Server Samba.
Impact of land use-land cover change on spatio-temporal trends in seasonal stream flow and suspended sediment load of Godavari basin from 1969 to 2019
Authors: Aher Madhura Chetan , Yadav Sanjay
Published: December 2021

Assessment of long-term trends in stream flow and sediment load is important for adopting soil and water conservation measures and for predicting morphological changes in rivers. In the present study, detailed quantification of the nature of the trend in stream flow and suspended sediment load of Godavari basin, India is reported for the period of 1969 to 2019. The Mann–Kendall test is used to check the trend of stream flow and sediment load for different seasons, namely, spring, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter. The land use-land cover of the whole basin is prepared for four decades (1980–2020). The maximum and minimum water and sediment discharge is detected in monsoon and winter season, respectively. The stream flow is found to be significantly decreased during monsoon and post-monsoon season. The sediment load is significantly decreased for monsoon and spring season. The nature of trend in sediment load is attributed to the land use and land cover change of the basin. The significant reduction of suspended sediment load is mainly due to increase in water bodies and planned agricultural area. The findings of the research would help to manage water resources as well as sustainable development in the Godavari basin.
Prediction of Manning's coefficient of roughness for high-gradient streams using M5P
Authors: Sihag Parveen , Singh Balraj , Said Md. Azlin Bin Md. , Azamathulla H. Md.
Published: December 2021

The coefficient of Manning's roughness (n) has been generally implemented in the determination of depth and discharge in open channels and canals. This study unravels the novel idea and potential of Random Forest (RF), M5P, and Random Tree (RT) approaches to evaluate and predict the coefficient of Manning's roughness for hydraulic designing. To achieve this purpose, 42 observations were collected for high-gradient streams in Colorado, USA. All the observations were from boulder-bed, cobble and high gradient (S > 0.002 m/m) streams within bank flows. In order to ascertain the best model, the above-mentioned approaches were evaluated and compared using performance evaluation indices such as mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of correlation (CC), and root mean square error (RMSE). Outcomes of performance evaluation indices revealed that the proposed pruned M5P approach outperformed other applied models for predicting the coefficient of Manning's roughness for hydraulic designing with CC = 0.7858, 0.7910, RMSE = 0.0195, 0.0195, and MAE = 0.0157, 0.0165 for model development and validation period, correspondingly. Furthermore, Taylor diagram and Box plot also suggest that the M5P based approach works better than RF and RT based approaches for predicting the coefficient of Manning's roughness for high-gradient streams using the given data set.
River water turbidity removal using new natural coagulant aids: case study of Euphrates River, Iraq
Authors: Ramal Majeed Mattar , Jalal Arkan Dhari , Sahab Mohammed Freeh , Yaseen Zaher Mundher
Published: December 2021

For turbidity removal, most drinking water treatment plants are using coagulants due to the presence of suspended and colloidal materials at the coagulation and flocculation units. Aluminium and sulphates salts are the widely used coagulants, such as aluminium sulphate (Alum) and ferric chloride. However, several researches have linked Alzheimer's disease to the use of aluminium sulphate. Hence, scholars have conducted several researches on the possibility to reduce the amount of aluminium sulphate by using natural material/plants base as coagulant aids. In this study, Mallow's Leaves Extracts (MLE) and Carob's Pods Extracts (CPE) were used as an alternative coagulant aid. Couples of coagulation tests were implemented to find the optimal dosage of aluminium sulphates used as coagulants. The results displayed that the maximum turbidity removal efficiency by adding 100% of each coagulant, i.e. alum, MLE and CPE, were 61.16, 51.175 and 37.12%, respectively. In addition, the minimum residual turbidity and maximum turbidity removal efficiency were 4.56 NTU and 97.72% by adding 22.5 alum and 7.5 MLE presenting 30 mg/L dosing. Further, the minimum residual turbidity and maximum turbidity removal efficiency were 15.4 NTU and 92.3% by adding 22.5 alum and 7.5 CPE presenting 30 mg/L dosing.
Preparation of magnetic copper ferrite nanoparticle as peroxymonosulfate activating catalyst for effective degradation of levofloxacin
Authors: Zhao Jing , Xiao Pengfei , Han Shuang , Zulhumar Musajan , Wu Dedong
Published: December 2021

Magnetic CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized with a coprecipitation method at 500 °C calcination temperature, and were utilized to degrade levofloxacin (LEV) as a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator. The structure and composition of the nanocatalyst were characterized by a series of methods, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of the PMS concentration, the catalyst dosage, the LEV initial concentration, the pH value and the inorganic anions on the LEV degradation were also explored. The results revealed that the designed CuFe2O4/PMS system had high activity and excellent stability in the complex conditions. The degradation efficiency of LEV still reached above 80% after four recycles of CuFe2O4 catalyst. The reactive species quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis suggested the existence of superoxide radicals, single oxygen, hydroxy radicals and sulfate radicals, and the first two were dominant radical oxygen species. Based on the mechanism analyses, the efficient degradation of LEV was probably due to the continuous generation of reactive species under the condition of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycles. The research provided a reasonable reference for the PMS activation mechanism-based spinel-type ferrite catalysis.
Natural flood protection: streamlining the planning of flood detention in natural landscapes for the reduction of urban flooding
Authors: Kvitsjøen J. , Braskerud B. C. , Borge A. , Nilsen V. , Zühlke U.
Published: December 2021

A number of cost-effective and environmentally friendly flood reduction measures can provide detention of runoff from natural landscapes upstream of urban areas, with multiple added benefits. This study presents a methodology for assessing the needs for and feasibility of natural flood detention facilities. The candidate catchments for natural flood detention facilities were identified by GIS analysis and further assessed using data from maps and field inspections. Results for two case catchments show that a suitable topography and nature and biodiversity are key feasibility criteria for natural flood detention facilities. The study concluded that it is possible to streamline the process of selecting the location and type of natural flood detention facilities. Map analyses, field inspections and interdisciplinary collaboration are all important when planning natural flood detention facilities. As a result of the study, the City of Oslo will construct several natural flood detention facilities upstream of the city to gain practical experience with such facilities. While it is not expected that natural flood detention will solve all flooding problems in urban areas, it is expected that natural flood detention can positively contribute to future resilient stormwater management and the implementation of the EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change.
Pilot-scale comparison of biological nutrient removal (BNR) using intermittent and continuous ammonia-based low dissolved oxygen aeration control systems
Authors: Stewart Rachel D. , Bashar Rania , Amstadt Carly , Uribe-Santos Gustavo A. , McMahon Katherine D. , Seib Matt , Noguera Daniel R.
Published: December 2021

Sensor driven aeration control strategies have recently been developed as a means to efficiently carry out biological nutrient removal (BNR) and reduce aeration costs in wastewater treatment plants. Under load-based aeration control, often implemented as ammonia-based aeration control (ABAC), airflow is regulated to meet desired effluent standards without specifically setting dissolved oxygen (DO) targets. Another approach to reduce aeration requirements is to constantly maintain low DO conditions and allow the microbial community to adapt to the low-DO environment. In this study, we compared the performance of two pilot-scale BNR treatment trains that simultaneously used ABAC and low-DO operation to evaluate the combination of these two strategies. One pilot plant was operated with continuous ABAC while the other one used intermittent ABAC. Both processes achieved greater than 90% total Kjehldal nitrogen (TKN) removal, 60% total nitrogen removal, and nearly 90% total phosphorus removal. Increasing the solids retention time (SRT) during the period of cold (∼12 °C) water temperatures helped maintain ammonia removal performance under low-DO conditions. However, both processes experienced poor solids settling characteristics during winter. While settling was recovered under warmer temperatures, improving settling quality remains a challenge under low-DO operation.
Carta do Editor
Authors: Queiroz Júnior Idalmir de Souza
Published: December 2021

Esta terceira edição da R4EM chega em um momento em que nosso periódico começa a receber atenção de programas de pós-graduação como um meio de divulgar seus trabalhos. A quantidade de avaliadores externos à UFERSA cresceu, a divulgação entre IES externas à UFERSA aumentou, e espera-se o recebimento de artigos de outras IES. A partir da próxima edição a revista terá ISSN e os artigos terão o DOI, momento no qual as edições anteriores também receberão o ISSN e o DOI.
Correlation of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Dementia with Brain Perfusion:
A 99mTc-SPECT-HMPAO Study with Brodmann Areas Analysis
Authors: Valotassiou Varvara , Sifakis Nikolaos , Tzavara Chara , Lykou Evi , Tsinia Niki , Kamtsadeli Vasiliki , Sali Dimitra , Angelidis George , Psimadas Dimitrios , Tsougos Ioannis , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Georgoulias Panagiotis , Papatriantafyllou John
Published: December 2021

Background:

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in dementia. Their evaluation is based on Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Neuroimaging studies have tried to elucidate the underlying neural circuits either in isolated NPSs or in specific forms of dementia.

Objective:

: The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation of NPS in the NPI with Brodmann
areas (BAs) perfusion, for revealing BAs involved in the pathogenesis of NPSs in dementia of various etiologies.

Method:

We studied 201 patients (82 with Alzheimer's disease, 75 with Frontotemporal dementia, 27 with Corticobasal Syndrome, 17 with Parkinson Disease/Lewy Body Dementia). Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to evaluate underlying groups of BAs, and Principal Component analysis was chosen as extraction method using Varimax rotation. Partial correlation coefficients were computed to explore the association of factors obtained from analysis and NPI items controlling for age, educational yeas, and ACE-R.

Results:

We found 6 BAs Factors(F); F1 (BAs 8,9,10,11,24,32,44,45,46,47, bilaterally), F2 (Bas 4,5,6,7,23,31, bilaterally), F3 (BAs 19,21,22,37,39,40, bilaterally), F4 (BAs 20,28,36,38, bilaterally), F5 (BAs 25, bilaterally) and F6 (BAs 17,18, bilaterally). Significant and negative correlation was found between NPI1 (delusions) and F3,F6, NPI2 (hallucinations) and F6, NPI7 (apathy) and F1,F4,F5, NPI3 (agitation) - NPI10 (aberrant motor behavior) - NPI12 (eating disorders) and F1. We did not find any significant correlation for NPI4,5,6,8,9,11 (depression, anxiety, euphoria, disinhibition, irritability, sleep disorders, respectively).

Conclusion:

Several NPSs share the same BAs among different types of dementia, while the manifestation of the rest may be attributed to different neural networks. These findings may have an impact on patients’ treatment.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Photo-sonodynamic Antimicrobial
Chemotherapy Based on Nano-micelle Curcumin on Virulence Gene
Expression Patterns in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Pourhajibagher Maryam , Talaei Narjes , Bahador Abbas
Published: December 2021

Background:

Abaumannii baumannii rapidly resistant to a wide range of antimicrobial
agents. The combination of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and sonodynamic antimicrobial
chemotherapy (SACT), known as photo-sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PSACT), has
received considerable attention as one of the emerging and promising strategies against microbial infections.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of PSACT based on nano-micelle
curcumin (N-MCur) on the virulence gene expression patterns in A. baumannii.

Materials and Methods:

N-MCurN-MCur as a photo-sonosensitizer was synthesized and confirmed. To determine
sub-significant reduction dose of PSACT, sub-significant reduction dose of N-MCur and blue
laser light during aPDT, and ultrasound power output during SACT was assessed. Finally, changes in
the expression of genes involved in treated A. baumannii by minimum sub-significant reduction dose
of PSACT were determined using quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR). as a photo-sonosensitizer was synthesized and confirmed. To determine sub-significant reduction dose of PSACT, sub-significant reduction dose of N-MCur and blue laser light during aPDT, and ultrasound power output during SACT were assessed. Finally, changes in the expression of genes involved in treated A. baumannii by minimum sub-significant reduction dose of PSACT were determined using quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR).

Results:

PSACT using 12.5 mM N-MCur at the ultrasound power outputs of 28.7, 36.9, and 45.2
mW/cm2 with 4 min irradiation time of the blue laser, as well as 6.2 mM N-MCur at an ultrasound
power output of 45.2 mW/cm2 plus 3 min blue laser irradiation time exhibited the significant dosedependent
reduction against A. baumannii cell viability compared to the control group (P<0.05). After
treatment of A. baumannii using 3.1 mM N-MCur + 2 min blue laser irradiation time + 28.7 mW/cm2
ultrasound as the minimum sub-significant reduction doses of PSACT, mRNA expression was significantly
upregulated to 6.0-, 11.2-, and 13.7-folds in recA, blsA, and dnaK and downregulated to 8.6-,
10.1-, and 14.5-folds in csuE, espA, and abaI, respectively.

Conclusions:

N-MCur-mediated PSACT could regulate the expression of genes involved in A. baumannii
pathogenesis. Therefore, PSACT can be proposed as a promising application to treat infections
caused by A. baumannii.
Invasomes for Enhanced Delivery through the Skin: Evaluation of Systems
to Meet with Clinical Challenges
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Upadhyay Prabhat Kumar , Kumar Manish
Published: December 2021

Background:

Portage of therapeutic agents directly to the skin (cutaneous/dermal delivery)
is the preferable approach in mitigating and curing a variety of skin manifestations, including
itching, eczema, acne, psoriasis keratinization, and skin cancer. Dermal delivery reduces side effects
associated with systemic therapy and allows maximum utilization of the available doses. Invasomes
are the next generation of liposomes with greater flexibility, elasticity, and permeability
through the skin than liposomes and ethosomes.

Objective:

This review article highlights various aspects of invasomes, including the structure and
composition of invasomes, methods of preparation of invasomes, the mechanism involved in better
penetration through the skin, key parameters to be considered for effective permeation, therapeutic
applications of invasomes as novel drug delivery systems, and future development and challenges.

Methods:

The authors have reviewed various primary and secondary sources, including PUBMED,
SCIENCE DIRECT, INFORMA, and patents.com, to collect information on various aspects of invasomes.

Results and Conclusion:

Invasomes are novel vesicular drug delivery systems that have been used
for dermal delivery of drugs for various therapeutic applications. These novel carriers have great
ability, and their properties can be highly modulated by varying their composition and concentration
of terpenes. Based on all the research reports gathered, it is well proven that these systems
have a much higher potential for delivering drugs for skin manifestations and could expand the opportunities
for treating various dermatological issues, increasing day by day.