bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing the convergent validity, domain generality, and temporal stability of selected measures of people’s tendency to explore
Authors: Anvari Farid , Billinger Stephan , Analytis Pantelis P. , Franco Vithor Rosa , Marchiori Davide
Published: September 2024

Given the ubiquity of exploration in everyday life, researchers from many disciplines have developed methods to measure exploratory behaviour. There are therefore many ways to quantify and measure exploration. However, it remains unclear whether the different measures (i) have convergent validity relative to one another, (ii) capture a domain general tendency, and (iii) capture a tendency that is stable across time. In a sample of 678 participants, we found very little evidence of convergent validity for the behavioural measures (Hypothesis 1); most of the behavioural measures lacked sufficient convergent validity with one another or with the self-reports. In psychometric modelling analyses, we could not identify a good fitting model with an assumed general tendency to explore (Hypothesis 2); the best fitting model suggested that the different behavioural measures capture behaviours that are specific to the tasks. In a subsample of 254 participants who completed the study a second time, we found that the measures had stability across an 1 month timespan (Hypothesis 3). Therefore, although there were stable individual differences in how people approached each task across time, there was no generalizability across tasks, and drawing broad conclusions about exploratory behaviour from studies using these tasks may be problematic. The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 2nd December 2022 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21717407.v1. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/64QJU.
Diverse RNA viruses of parasitic nematodes can elicit antibody responses in vertebrate hosts
Authors: Quek Shannon , Hadermann Amber , Wu Yang , De Coninck Lander , Hegde Shrilakshmi , Boucher Jordan R. , Cresswell Jessica , Foreman Ella , Steven Andrew , LaCourse E. James , Ward Stephen A. , Wanji Samuel , Hughes Grant L. , Patterson Edward I. , Wagstaff Simon C. , Turner Joseph D. , Parry Rhys H. , Kohl Alain , Heinz Eva , Otabil Kenneth Bentum , Matthijnssens Jelle , Colebunders Robert , Taylor Mark J.
Published: September 2024

Parasitic nematodes have an intimate, chronic and lifelong exposure to vertebrate tissues. Here we mined 41 published parasitic nematode transcriptomes from vertebrate hosts and identified 91 RNA viruses across 13 virus orders from 24 families in ~70% (28 out of 41) of parasitic nematode species, which include only 5 previously reported viruses. We observe widespread distribution of virus–nematode associations across multiple continents, suggesting an ancestral acquisition event and host–virus co-evolution. Characterization of viruses of Brugia malayi (BMRV1) and Onchocerca volvulus (OVRV1) shows that these viruses are abundant in reproductive tissues of adult parasites. Importantly, the presence of BMRV1 RNA in B. malayi parasites mounts an RNA interference response against BMRV1 suggesting active viral replication. Finally, BMRV1 and OVRV1 were found to elicit antibody responses in serum samples from infected jirds and infected or exposed humans, indicating direct exposure to the immune system.
Collaborative augmented reconstruction of 3D neuron morphology in mouse and human brains
Authors: Zhang Lingli , Huang Lei , Yuan Zexin , Hang Yuning , Zeng Ying , Li Kaixiang , Wang Lijun , Zeng Haoyu , Chen Xin , Zhang Hairuo , Xi Jiaqi , Chen Danni , Gao Ziqin , Le Longxin , Chen Jie , Ye Wen , Liu Lijuan , Wang Yimin , Peng Hanchuan
Published: September 2024

Digital reconstruction of the intricate 3D morphology of individual neurons from microscopic images is a crucial challenge in both individual laboratories and large-scale projects focusing on cell types and brain anatomy. This task often fails in both conventional manual reconstruction and state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic reconstruction algorithms. It is also challenging to organize multiple neuroanatomists to generate and cross-validate biologically relevant and mutually agreed upon reconstructions in large-scale data production. Based on collaborative group intelligence augmented by AI, we developed a collaborative augmented reconstruction (CAR) platform for neuron reconstruction at scale. This platform allows for immersive interaction and efficient collaborative editing of neuron anatomy using a variety of devices, such as desktop workstations, virtual reality headsets and mobile phones, enabling users to contribute anytime and anywhere and to take advantage of several AI-based automation tools. We tested CAR’s applicability for challenging mouse and human neurons toward scaled and faithful data production.
Douyin and Bilibili as sources of information on lung cancer in China through assessment and analysis of the content and quality
Authors: Zeng Fanyi , Zhang Weilin , Wang Menghui , Zhang Hejin , Zhu Xiaoyi , Hu Hui
Published: September 2024

Lung cancer has emerged as a major global public health concern. With growing public interest in lung cancer, online searches for related information have surged. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the credibility, quality, and value of lung cancer-related videos on digital media platforms remains unexamined. This study aimed to assess the informational quality and content of lung cancer-related videos on Douyin and Bilibili. A total of 200 lung cancer-related videos that met the criteria were selected from Douyin and Bilibili for evaluation and analysis. The first step involved recording and analyzing the basic information provided in the videos. Subsequently, the source and type of content for each video were identified. All videos’ educational content and quality were then evaluated using JAMA, GQS, and Modified DISCERN. Douyin videos were found to be more popular in terms of likes, comments, favorites, and shares, whereas Bilibili videos were longer in duration (P < .001). The majority of video content on both platforms comprised lung cancer introductions (31/100, 31%), with medical professionals being the primary source of uploaded videos (Douyin, n = 55, 55%; Bilibili, n = 43, 43%). General users on Douyin scored the lowest on the JAMA scale, whereas for-profit businesses scored the highest (2.50 points). The results indicated that the videos’ informational quality was insufficient. Videos from science communications and health professionals were deemed more reliable regarding completeness and content quality compared to videos from other sources. The public should exercise caution and consider the scientific validity when seeking healthcare information on short video platforms.
Disordered regions in the IRE1α ER lumenal domain mediate its stress-induced clustering
Authors: Kettel Paulina , Marosits Laura , Spinetti Elena , Rechberger Michael , Giannini Caterina , Radler Philipp , Niedermoser Isabell , Fischer Irmgard , Versteeg Gijs A , Loose Martin , Covino Roberto , Karagöz G Elif
Published: September 2024

Conserved signaling cascades monitor protein-folding homeostasis to ensure proper cellular function. One of the evolutionary conserved key players is IRE1, which maintains endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis through the unfolded protein response (UPR). Upon accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, IRE1 forms clusters on the ER membrane to initiate UPR signaling. What regulates IRE1 cluster formation is not fully understood. Here, we show that the ER lumenal domain (LD) of human IRE1α forms biomolecular condensates in vitro. IRE1α LD condensates were stabilized both by binding to unfolded polypeptides as well as by tethering to model membranes, suggesting their role in assembling IRE1α into signaling-competent stable clusters. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that weak multivalent interactions drive IRE1α LD clustering. Mutagenesis experiments identified disordered regions in IRE1α LD to control its clustering in vitro and in cells. Importantly, dysregulated clustering of IRE1α mutants led to defects in IRE1α signaling. Our results revealed that disordered regions in IRE1α LD control its clustering and suggest their role as a common strategy in regulating protein assembly on membranes.
Porous materials for NH3-SCR of NOx reaction: synthesis, properties, and applications
Authors: Nasir Jamal Abdul , Khan Zaibunisa , Ain Noor ul , Munir Akhtar , Aamir Asma , Ziaur Rehman
Published: September 2024

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a widely used method for reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from combustion processes. Porous materials, such as zeolites and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have gained significant attention as potential catalyst supports for NH3-SCR owing to their unique structural and chemical properties. This chapter provides an overview of porous-based materials and their applications in the NH3-SCR of NOx reaction. We begin with an introduction to the NH3-SCR of the NOx reaction and the types of porous materials including zeolites, metal–organic frameworks, and other mesoporous materials. The synthesis methods, properties, and performance of these materials are also discussed in detail. The application of porous materials in the NH3-SCR of the NOx reaction and the mechanistic overview of the SCR reaction are particularly highlighted. Overall, this chapter provides valuable insights into the use of porous materials for NH3-SCR of NOx reaction and their potential for future applications.
Nanomaterial’s role against SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and beyond
Authors: Singh Ragini , Saji Joel , Saini Anamika , Umapathi Akhela , Kumawat Mamta , Mathur Parikshana , Daima Hemant Kumar
Published: September 2024

SARS-CoV-19 and its variants ranging from coronavirus to the omicron have composed the recent pandemic of the century, placing the world at a standstill. Millions of individuals worldwide have been negatively impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. To combat the catastrophe of Covid-19, lessons learned from the previous pandemics have also been implemented. Nevertheless, advanced diagnostics, treatments, and vaccinations for SARS-Cov-2 were required. In this regard, nanotechnology has played a prominent role that has led to faster development of treatment modalities. This critical review discusses the prominent role played by various nanomaterials in dealing with the SARS-CoV-19 outbreak and its treatment. Nanotechnology-based contemporary strategies can pave a path for the future, wherein nano-based materials can be used preferentially in combating global infections.
Polluted soil–plant interaction analysis and soil classification based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and machine learning
Authors: Cai Yuyao , Yu Wei , Gao Wenhan , Zhai Ruoyu , Zhang Xinglong , Yu Wenjie , Wang Liusan , Liu Yuzhu
Published: September 2024

This study presents a novel method combining Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and machine learning for fast, effective analysis of soil pollution, highlighting the impact of heavy metals on garlic crops under contaminated soil conditions.
Photosynthetic biohybrid systems for solar fuels catalysis
Authors: Utschig Lisa M. , Mulfort Karen L.
Published: September 2024

Photosynthetic biohybrids combine biological and chemical approaches to convert sunlight into energy-rich chemicals.
Heterogeneous catalysis of methane hydroxylation with nearly total selectivity under mild conditions
Authors: Fang Geqian , Yu Wenjun , Wang Xiaodong , Lin Jian
Published: September 2024

Recent advancements in methane hydroxylation catalysis have achieved nearly total selectivity. A deeper understanding of catalyst design, reaction mechanism, and parameter optimization is crucial for minimizing CO2 and boosting oxygenate yield.
Asymmetric catalytic concise synthesis of 3-(3-indolomethyl)-oxindoles for the construction of trigolute analogs
Authors: Yang Zun , Jiang Zheng , Tan Zheng , Yu Han , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a newly asymmetric catalytic construction of 3-(3-indolomethyl)oxindoles was developed. Taking use of this method as the key step, the concise asymmetric syntheses of trigolute analogs was accomplished.
Amorphous titania as a precursor to brookite-based materials obtained via hydrothermal treatment
Authors: Revenko A. O. , Kozlov D. A. , Kolesnik I. V. , Poluboiarinov A. S. , Kottsov S. Yu. , Garshev A. V.
Published: September 2024

Amorphous titania can be crystallized into photocatalytically active brookite via hydrothermal treatment without significantly altering the form of the particles.
Dried hybrid imogolite nanotubes as solids with a changeable surface area: an insight into textural properties based on the correlation between nitrogen gas adsorption, immersion calorimetry into water, and small angle X-ray scattering
Authors: Dhaini Ali , Geneste Amine , Alfadel Raad Fadwa , Picot Pierre , Martin-Gassin Gaelle , Prelot Benedicte , Gassin Pierre-Marie , Trens Philippe , Thill Antoine , Zajac Jerzy
Published: September 2024

CH3-functionalised imogolite nanotubes form extended bundles and the accessibility of their porous structure may vary depending on the surrounding medium.
Investigating the impact of the interstitial fluid flow and hypoxia interface on cancer transcriptomes using a spheroid-on-chip perfusion system
Authors: Pyne Emily , Reardon Mark , Christensen Martin , Rodriguez Mateos Pablo , Taylor Scott , Iles Alexander , Choudhury Ananya , Pamme Nicole , Pires Isabel M.
Published: September 2024

Spheroid-on-chip model of interstitial fluid flow (IFF) drove dramatic changes in gene expression depending on oxygen conditions and identified potential IFF-associated biomarkers linked with prognostic value in cancer patients.
Synthesis and bioactivity of a novel surfactin-based lipopeptide for mRNA delivery
Authors: Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Syed Rabbani , Alqahtani Ali S. , Almarfadi Omer M. , Roni Monzurul A. , Sadhu Satya S.
Published: September 2024

The effective delivery of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) to specific cell types and target tissues poses a significant challenge in nonviral therapeutic strategies.
Regulating crystallinity to balance the electrochemical performance of cobalt–tin oxide composite anodes for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Ying , Zhao Ruirui , Liu Chaofeng , Qi Yaping , Hu Dan , Si Duanhui , Chen Yong P.
Published: September 2024

For a cobalt tin oxide composite anode with an amorphous/crystal structure, a disordered structure increases the initial specific capacity and an ordered structure improves capacity retention.
Heterostructure seed-mediated synthesis of zinc phosphide quantum dots for bright band-edge emission
Authors: Kim Ju ho , Kwon Hyekyeong , Jeong Myoungho , Bang Jiwon
Published: September 2024

A novel In(Zn)P cluster seed-mediated approach enables the synthesis of high-quality, zinc phosphide quantum dots with exceptional optical properties.
Self-templated fabrication of P-doped CoMoO4–Co3O4 hollow nanocages for the efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Jia Wenzhi , Lu Qian , Tian Tian , Pan Guoxiang , Tan Rui , He Bin , Liu Jiang
Published: September 2024

Finding reservoir-rich and efficient electrocatalysts for the alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for further sustainable energy development.
Regioselective synthesis of 2-aminophenols from N-arylhydroxylamines
Authors: Gao Zhiwei , Hou Zhiguo , Gao Hongyin
Published: September 2024

A novel strategy for the synthesis of 2-aminophenols in the absence of metals and oxidants was described.
Dissociating high concentration lithium salts in LLZTO-based high dielectric polymer electrolytes for low temperature Li metal batteries
Authors: Gong Jiajun , Yao Zhicheng , Peng Qimin , Tang Huizi , Han Wenhao , Chen Shimou
Published: September 2024

A new composite electrolyte, combined with rigid fillers and high dielectric polymers, promotes the dissociation of lithium salts and the construction of multiple Li+ paths, improving Li metal batteries performances at room and low temperatures.
A mixed ionic and electronic conducting dual-phase oxygen permeable membrane with high CO2 tolerance
Authors: Xu Yihong , Zhu Hengcheng , Lei Song , Wang Zihua , Xue Jian
Published: September 2024

Mixed ionic and electronic conducting dual-phase membranes for oxygen separation.
A hybrid biosynthetic-catabolic pathway for norspermidine production
Authors: Li Bin , Liang Jue , Phillips Margaret A. , Michael Anthony J.
Published: September 2024

The only known pathway for biosynthesis of the polyamine norspermidine starts from aspartate β-semialdehyde to form the diamine 1,3-diaminopropane, which is then converted to norspermidine via a carboxynorspermidine intermediate. This pathway is found primarily in the Vibrionales order of the γ-Proteobacteria. However, norspermidine is also found in other species of bacteria and archaea, and in diverse single-celled eukaryotes, chlorophyte algae and plants that do not encode the known norspermidine biosynthetic pathway. We reasoned that products of polyamine catabolism could be an alternative route to norspermidine production. 1,3-diaminopropane is formed from terminal catabolism of spermine and spermidine, and norspermidine can be formed from catabolism of thermospermine. We found that the single-celled chlorophyte alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii thermospermine synthase (CrACL5) did not aminopropylate exogenously-derived 1,3-diaminopropane efficiently when expressed in Escherichia coli. In contrast, it completely converted all E. coli native spermidine to thermospermine. Co-expression in E. coli of the polyamine oxidase 5 from lycophyte plant Selaginella lepidophylla (SelPAO5), together with the CrACL5 thermospermine synthase, converted almost all thermospermine to norspermidine. Although CrACL5 was efficient at aminopropylating norspermidine to form tetraamine norspermine, SelPAO5 oxidizes norspermine back to norspermidine, with the balance of flux being inclined fully to norspermine oxidation. The steady-state polyamine content of E. coli co-expressing thermospermine synthase CrACL5 and polyamine oxidase SelPAO5 was an almost total replacement of spermidine by norspermidine. We have recapitulated a potential hybrid biosynthetic-catabolic pathway for norspermidine production in E. coli, which could explain norspermidine accumulation in species that do not encode the known aspartate β-semialdehyde-dependent pathway.
Axonal neurotransmitter release in the regulation of myelination
Authors: Marshall-Phelps Katy L.H. , Almeida Rafael G.
Published: September 2024

Myelination of axons is a key determinant of fast action potential propagation, axonal health and circuit function. Previously considered a static structure, it is now clear that myelin is dynamically regulated in response to neuronal activity in the central nervous system (CNS). However, how activity-dependent signals are conveyed to oligodendrocytes remains unclear. Here, we review the potential mechanisms by which neurons could communicate changing activity levels to myelin, with a focus on the accumulating body of evidence to support activity-dependent vesicular signalling directly onto myelin sheaths. We discuss recent in vivo findings of activity-dependent fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles from non-synaptic axonal sites, and how modulation of this vesicular fusion regulates the stability and growth of myelin sheaths. We also consider the potential mechanisms by which myelin could sense and respond to axon-derived signals to initiate remodelling, and the relevance of these adaptations for circuit function. We propose that axonal vesicular signalling represents an important and underappreciated mode of communication by which neurons can transmit activity-regulated signals to myelinating oligodendrocytes and, potentially, more broadly to other cell types in the CNS.
STFormer: Spatio‐temporal former for hand–object interaction recognition from egocentric RGB video
Authors: Liang Jiao , Wang Xihan , Yang Jiayi , Gao Quanli
Published: September 2024

In recent years, video‐based hand–object interaction has received widespread attention from researchers. However, due to the complexity and occlusion of hand movements, hand–object interaction recognition based on RGB videos remains a highly challenging task. Here, an end‐to‐end spatio‐temporal former (STFormer) network for understanding hand behaviour in interactions is proposed. The network consists of three modules: FlexiViT feature extraction, hand–object pose estimator, and interaction action classifier. The FlexiViT is used to extract multi‐scale features from each image frame. The hand–object pose estimator is designed to predict 3D hand pose keypoints and object labels for each frame. The interaction action classifier is used to predict the interaction action categories for the entire video. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves competitive recognition accuracies of 94.96% and 88.84% on two datasets, namely first‐person hand action (FPHA) and 2 Hands and Objects (H2O).
Accurate calibration spectra for precision radial velocities
Authors: Reiners A. , Debus M. , Schäfer S. , Tiemann E. , Zechmeister M.
Published: September 2024

Astronomical spectrographs require calibration of their dispersion relation, for which external sources like hollow-cathode lamps or absorption-gas cells are useful. Laser frequency combs (LFCs) are often regarded as ideal calibrators because they provide the highest accuracy and dense sampling, but LFCs are facing operational challenges such as generating blue visual light or tunable offset frequencies. As an example of an external source, we aim to provide a precise and accurate frequency solution for the spectrum of molecular iodine absorption by referencing to an LFC that does not cover the same frequency range. We used a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) to produce a consistent frequency scale for the combined spectrum from an iodine absorption cell at 5200– 6200 Å and an LFC at 8200 Å. We used 17 807 comb lines to determine the FTS frequency offset and compared the calibrated iodine spectrum to a synthetic spectrum computed from a molecular potential model. In a single scan, the frequency offset was determined from the comb spectrum with an uncertainty of ∼1 cms−1. The distribution of comb line frequencies is consistent with no deviation from linearity. The iodine observation matches the model with an offset of smaller than the model uncertainties of ∼1 m s−1, which confirms that the FTS zero point is valid outside the range covered by the LFC, and that the frequencies of the iodine absorption model are accurate. We also report small systematic effects regarding the iodine model’s energy scale. We conclude that Fourier Transform Spectrometry can transfer LFC accuracy into frequency ranges not originally covered by the comb. This allows us to assign accurate frequency scales to the spectra of customized wavelength calibrators. The calibrators can be optimized for individual spectrograph designs regarding resolution and spectral bandwidth, and requirements on their long-term stability are relaxed because FTS monitoring can be performed during operation. This provides flexibility for the design and operation of calibration sources for high-precision Doppler experiments.
Synthesis of High-Entropy Alloy Arrays with Liquid Metal Nanoreactor
Authors: LIANG Jingjing , CHEN Shurun , ZENG Mengqi , FU Lei
Published: September 2024

得益于周期性几何结构, 具有明确空间排列的高熵合金(HEA)阵列有望促进纳米电子学、纳米光子学和催化领域的发展。然而, 由于多种元素的还原电势、成核势垒和聚集速率等理化性质差异使其容易随机成核和生长, 从而无法在预定位置形成单颗粒。本工作提出利用液态金属纳米反应器实现HEA阵列的构建。在合成过程中引入具有流变性的液态金属充当反应器, 基于液态金属为降低表面能而融合的特性构筑动态环境, 使得单个HEA粒子的成核生长发生在限定区域内。另一方面, 液态金属在基底上的低扩散能垒和合金体系的高扩散速率加速了聚合过程。因此, 制备出的HEA阵列具有均匀的周期性, 在宽光谱范围内表现出优异的全息响应。此策略为构筑其他高熵材料的阵列结构提供了新思路。
Strength Experiment and Mechanism Analysis of Cement Mortar with Sticky Rice Pulp
Authors: ZHANG Huzhi , XIONG Xincai , LI Xiaobao , ZHOU Luyun , LI Li , WU Shengfeng , LI Yuqi , FENG Shuai , ZHOU Xiaofeng
Published: September 2024

Cement mortar with sticky rice pulp is an innovative composite material. Investigating its mechanical properties and strength mechanism is essential for the future engineering application. Taking the pulp concentration and the mortar ages as the variables, we tested five groups of blocks for the compressive strength and flexural strength, and observed their microstructures with a scanning electronic microscope. The results indicated that the microstructure got dense if the added pulp had a concentration of about 0.3%, and thereby its flexural strength would significantly improve, while the hydration products agglomerated and the microstructure got loose if the added pulp had a concentration of more than 1.0%, which caused a substantial decline in flexural strength. Besides, the hydration reaction was hindered at the early stage due to the addition of the pulp; hence the early strength of the mortar is on the low side. According to the strength mechanism analysis, all the results are mainly attributed to the effects: "water-reduction", agglomeration and retarding, caused by the addition of the pulp.
Treatment of Arthrogenic-Muscle-Inhibition in patients after knee-surgery with Motion-Activated-Neuromuscular stimulation – a case-series
Authors: Schoepp Christian , Dickschas Jörg , Schmeling Arno , Perwanger Florian , Izadpanah Kaywan , Praetorius Arthur
Published: September 2024

Arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) presents a persistent challenge in postoperative knee rehabilitation and is often resistant to standard care. This case series examines the efficacy of Motion-Activated Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (mNMES) in addressing AMI refractory to rehabilitation after ACL (revision) surgery, patellar dislocation, trochleoplasty, or conservative treatment of the patellofemoral pain syndrome. Eight patients who had undergone extensive unsuccessful rehabilitation received six weeks of a novel mNMES treatment regimen. Outcome assessments included patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and AMI classification. Results revealed significant improvements in pain reduction, knee function, and AMI reduction. Despite study limitations, mNMES demonstrated promising outcomes and could be used as an adjunct to standard rehabilitation, offering potential for enhancing postoperative outcomes in patients refractory to conventional therapy. Further research is required to validate these findings and optimise treatment protocols.
Tratamento cirúrgico da rizartrose: Artroplastia de ressecção do trapézio associada a interposição tendínea versus técnica de Kuhns
Authors: Reis Guilherme Henrique Teixeira , Carvalho Willker Galvão de , Rodrigues Mauricio Foster , Neto Jorge Raduan , Okamura Aldo , Belloti João Carlos
Published: September 2024

Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar e comparar os resultados clínicos e funcionais de dois procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados em pacientes com rizartrose grave graus III e IV.

Métodos Avaliamos 39 pacientes submetidos a 2 técnicas cirúrgicas para o tratamento da rizartrose: trapeziectomia pela técnica de Kuhns ou com interposição tendínea, com mínimo de 6 meses de seguimento. O desfecho primário foi avaliado pelo questionário específico Sintomas e Incapacidade da Artrose Trapeziometacarpiana (Trapeziometacarpal Arthrosis Symptoms and Disability, TASD, em inglês), e os desfechos secundários, pela versão abreviada do Questionário de Incapacidades do Braço, Ombro e Mão (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, QuickDASH, em inglês) e a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA).

Resultados Não houve diferença estatisticamente significantiva entre os grupos nos resultados do TASD, QuickDASH e EVA e ambas as técnicas demonstraram bons resultados funcionais e da dor. Não houve complicações que necessitassem de nova abordagem cirúrgica. Verificamos uma correlação positiva entre as pontuações no TASD e no QuickDASH, o que sugere que ambos são eficazes na avaliação da funcionalidade e incapacidade da rizartrose.

Conclusão A trapeziectomia com técnica de Kuhns e com interposição tendínea se mostraram efetivas no tratamento cirúrgico da rizartrose. Não houve diferença significativa entre as técnicas em relação aos resultados funcionais.
Revisiting structural, vibrational, and photochemical data of matrix-isolated simple hydantoins — Common features and substituent effects
Authors: Fausto Rui , Ildiz Gulce O. , Nogueira Bernardo A.
Published: September 2024

Characteristic features of the structure (geometries, electronic structures), vibrational spectra (infrared), and photochemistry of a series of simple hydantoins (parent hydantoin, 1-methylhydantoin, 5-methylhydantoin, and 5-acetic acid hydantoin), and effects of substituent on these properties, are reviewed in a comparative comprehensive perspective taken as a basis the low-temperature matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and electronic structure quantum chemistry data we have reported before for the individual compounds. It is shown that the hydantoin moiety shows a general tendency towards planarity (or quasi-planarity), mostly determined by the π-electron delocalization in the system, in which the two nitrogen atoms are extensively involved and, in the molecules studied, also counts with the involvement of the π-type orbitals of the –C5H2– or –C5HR– (with R ˭ CH3 or CH2COOH in 5-methylhydantoin and 5-acetic acid hydantoin, respectively) fragment (hyperconjugation). The geometries and charge density analyses of the compounds also show that the main electronic effects in the hydantoin ring are the N-to-(C ˭ O) π-electron donation, and the σ system back-donation from the σ-lone electron pairs of the oxygen atoms to the ring. The frequencies of the bands observed in the matrix-isolation infrared spectra (Ar; 10 K) of the different compounds that are assigned to the carbonyl and amine fragments are discussed comparatively, and substituent effects are assessed. Finally, the UV-induced (λ = 320 nm) photochemistry of the hydantoins is shown to share a common pattern, leading to the concerted extrusion of isocyanic acid and carbon monoxide, accompanied by an imine derivative that depends upon the specific hydantoin reactant. An additional photofragmentation pathway, most probably involving nitrene intermediacy, also takes place for 1-methylhydantoin, indicating a specific effect of the substitution at position 1 of the hydantoin ring on the photofragmentation of hydantoins.
Elevating the search for dark matter
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: September 2024

Levitated optomechanical systems are a promising approach to potentially detect various candidates of dark matter.
Analytical model for estimating the equilibrium plasma quantities in an electron beam–plasma system
Authors: Sun Haomin , Chen Jian , Sun Guangyu , Xu Liang
Published: September 2024

We develop an analytical model for estimating the equilibrium quantities, such as electron temperature and number density, in an electron beam–plasma interaction system. This model provides a convenient way to calculate the effective electron temperature and density by considering the energy balance of the bulk cold electrons. Six energy sources/losses terms relevant to the cold electrons are accounted for, where quasi-linear theory is applied for estimating wave heating at equilibrium. We compare this calculation with the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results and find good agreement. Based on these results, we then consider two situations where we can simplify our model. The first is dominated by the balance between electron–electron Coulomb collisions and loss to the anode, which is mostly relevant to the conduction phase of plasma switches. The second is dominated by wave heating balanced by the anode loss, relevant to the electron beam–plasma discharge systems. We then couple our simplified energy balance model with the ion diffusion model and solve both the number density and the electron temperature as functions of the current density, electrode distance, pressure, and applied voltage, where a nice agreement is also obtained when comparing to PIC simulations.
Impact of temperature on threshold voltage instability under negative bias in ferroelectric charge trap (FEG) GaN-HEMT
Authors: Rathaur Shivendra K. , Dixit Abhisek , Chang Edward Yi
Published: September 2024

This Letter pioneers an investigation into the influence of temperature on threshold voltage (VTH) instability under negative bias in ferroelectric charge trap gate stack (FEG) high electron mobility transistors. Based on the experimental stress condition, i.e., gate bias of −20 V and temperature (T) range from 30 to 150 °C, our findings reveal a unidirectional VTH shift with 30 °C < T < 90 °C, and transitioning to a bidirectional VTH shift at 90 °C ≤ T ≤ 150 °C. The observed VTH < 0 V can be ascribed to the emission of electrons from the trapping layer, prompted by the pre-poling of the ferroelectric (FE) layer and the presence of interface traps. In contrast, under high-temperature stress, where VTH > 0 V, it indicates the depletion of the two-dimensional electron gas electrons due to de-poling and saturation of the polarization in the reverse direction. Moreover, this phenomenon is consistent with extracted activation energies (Ea) of 0.55 ± 0.01 and 0.79 ± 0.01 eV. Additionally, the recovery characteristics validate the trapping/detrapping process.
Shock interactions and re-initiation mechanism of liquid ethanol-fueled rotating detonation wave
Authors: Li Jianghong , Yao Songbai , Yu Jingtian , Li Jingzhe , Lei Ying , Zhang Wenwu
Published: September 2024

We present a numerical simulation of a two-phase rotating detonation fueled by liquid ethanol and pre-heated air in a two-dimensional rotating detonation combustor. The study aims to understand the structure and shock interactions of the two-phase rotating detonation wave (RDW) using a two-way coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian framework. Initially, the flow field is ignited with a gaseous rotating detonation, followed by the injection of liquid ethanol and pre-heated air at near-stoichiometric and fuel-lean conditions. Observations reveal incomplete evaporation of the newly injected liquid droplets, which affects the propagation of the initial gaseous RDW and leads to its decoupling. Subsequently, a two-phase RDW is re-initiated. Different types of shock waves are identified in the unsteady flow field, and their interactions and contribution to the re-initiation of the rotating detonation are discussed. An analysis of the established two-phase rotating detonation elucidates mechanisms underlying droplet evaporation and RDW propagation, highlighting the roles of incident shocks, transverse waves, and Mach stems. Additionally, we investigate the two-phase RDW under the fuel-lean condition, where the excessive presence of air mixing with unburned ethanol vapor can cause pre-ignition, leading to a chaotic rotating detonation field. The existence of reversed shock waves and ongoing collisions with the RDW can gradually reduce its intensity, induce fluctuations in the propagation velocity of the two-phase RDW, and ultimately lead to quenching.
Enhancing Thomson scattering polychromator performance with multi-pass spectral filters
Authors: Goodman W. R. , Geiger B.
Published: September 2024

In photon-deficient, noncollective Thomson scattering diagnostics, filter polychromators are typically employed in the spectral analysis of Thomson-scattered signals to achieve acceptable signal-to-noise performance. Currently, the most common polychromator filter configuration employs a set of single-passband optical filters that define individual spectral channels. Here, we introduce a new spectral analysis method for Thomson scattering based on spectral filters with multiple passbands, referred to as Thomson scattering spectral multiplexing. Implementing multi-bandpass spectral filters on polychromators increases the achievable range of electron temperature measurement for a given number of filters employed. In addition, Thomson scattering spectral multiplexing reduces systematic measurement uncertainty, with fewer required spectral channels, thereby decreasing light loss from reduced optical element interactions. A multi-bandpass filter set, optimized by a genetic algorithm, has been successfully installed and tested on the Helically Symmetric eXperiment (HSX), demonstrating the benefits of the Thomson scattering spectral multiplexing method.
Effects of multiple cavities on rarefied hypersonic flows
Authors: Jiang Qihan , Cai Guobiao , Liu Lihui , Yuan Junya , Wu Chenggeng , He Bijiao
Published: September 2024

Cavity structures on hypersonic vehicle surfaces alter aerodynamic heat flux and force (pressure) compared to flat surfaces. In this study, an investigation explores the aerodynamic effects of multiple cavities on rarefied hypersonic flows, utilizing the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method to assess the impact on hypersonic vehicle surfaces. While previous research predominantly concentrated on the implications of a single cavity, this study extends the investigation to multiple cavity configurations under rarefied flow conditions, which are less understood but critical due to the potential for significant impacts on vehicle performance and structural integrity. The research examines how variations in the number of cavities, as well as their geometric arrangement (distance and length-to-depth ratio), influence key aerodynamic parameters, including pressure, skin friction, and heat transfer coefficients. The study's findings reveal that in the rarefied hypersonic flow at Mach 25 at 70 km, each cavity independently influences the flow field and the aerodynamic surface properties, largely determined by its geometric characteristics, irrespective of adjacent cavity presence. The study underscores that the macroscopic aerodynamic force escalates with an increase in the number of cavities and their length-to-depth ratio, while it diminishes with inter-cavity distance. These insights are crucial to optimizing the design of hypersonic vehicles, contributing to improved performance and stability by managing aerodynamic forces more effectively. The comprehensive data and analyses provided support the development of more accurate models to predict and control the behavior of hypersonic vehicles with multiple cavities.
The structure of water–ammonia mixtures from classical and ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Munaò Gianmarco , Saija Franz , Cassone Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

The structure of aqueous ammonia solutions is investigated through classical molecular dynamics (MD) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. We have preliminarily compared three well-known classical force fields for liquid water (SPC, SPC/E, and TIP4P) in order to identify the most accurate one in reproducing AIMD results obtained at the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) and meta-GGA levels of theory. Liquid ammonia has been simulated by implementing an optimized force field recently developed by Chettiyankandy et al. [Fluid Phase Equilib. 511, 112507 (2020)]. Analysis of the radial distribution functions for different ammonia concentrations reveals that the three water force fields provide comparable estimates of the mixture structure, with the SPC/E performing slightly better. Although a fairly good agreement between MD and AIMD is observed for conditions close to the equimolarity, at lower ammonia concentrations, important discrepancies arise, with classical force fields underestimating the number and strength of H-bonds between water molecules and between water and ammonia moieties. Here, we prove that these drawbacks are rooted in a poor sampling of the configurational space spanned by the hydrogen atoms lying in the H-bonds of H2O⋯H2O and, more critically, H2O⋯NH3 neighbors due to the lack of polarization and charge transfer terms. This way, non-polarizable classical force fields underestimate the proton affinity of the nitrogen atom of ammonia in aqueous solutions, which plays a key role under realistic dilute ammonia conditions. Our results witness the need for developing more suited polarizable models that are able to take into account these effects properly.
Electric field modulated configuration and orientation of aqueous molecule chains
Authors: Wang Jiang , Li Zhiling
Published: September 2024

Understanding how external electric fields (EFs) impact the properties of aqueous molecules is crucial for various applications in chemistry, biology, and engineering. In this paper, we present a study utilizing molecular dynamics simulation to explore how direct-current (DC) and alternative-current (AC) EFs affect hydrophobic (n-triacontane) and hydrophilic (PEG-10) oligomer chains. Through a machine learning approach, we extract a 2-dimensional free energy (FE) landscape of these molecules, revealing that electric fields modulate the FE landscape to favor stretched configurations and enhance the alignment of the chain with the electric field. Our observations indicate that DC EFs have a more prominent impact on modulation compared to AC EFs and that EFs have a stronger effect on hydrophobic chains than on hydrophilic oligomers. We analyze the orientation of water dipole moments and hydrogen bonds, finding that EFs align water molecules and induce more directional hydrogen bond networks, forming 1D water structures. This favors the stretched configuration and alignment of the studied oligomers simultaneously, as it minimizes the disruption of 1D structures. This research deepens our understanding of the mechanisms by which electric fields modulate molecular properties and could guide the broader application of EFs to control other aqueous molecules, such as proteins or biomolecules.
Stochastic resonance via single-ion phonon laser
Authors: Yuan Q. , Dai S.-Q. , Li P.-D. , Wei Y.-Q. , Li J. , Zhou F. , Zhang J.-Q. , Chen L. , Feng M.
Published: September 2024

Stochastic resonance, a phenomenon that amplifies and detects weak signals, has been observed in various physical systems. However, due to the challenge of constructing controllable nonlinear damping, stochastic resonance has never been experimentally performed using van der Pol nonlinearity. Here, we report the experimental observation of stochastic resonance in a single trapped-ion phonon laser system exhibiting van der Pol nonlinearity. This experiment demonstrates the ability of the phonon laser to achieve stochastic resonance, amplifying weak signals via inputting additional noise at a single-atom level. Our experiment illustrates the single-ion phonon laser providing a platform to explore the physical properties of the nonlinear van der Pol oscillator. This work opens up a way for designing single-atomic devices for weak signal processing in real environments.
Atomic momentum distributions in polyatomic molecules in rotational–vibrational eigenstates
Authors: Sakaguchi Sota , Ohshima Yasuhiro , Yamazaki Masakazu
Published: September 2024

We report a quantum mechanical method for calculating the momentum distributions of constituent atoms of polyatomic molecules in rotational–vibrational eigenstates. Application of the present theory to triatomic molecules in the rovibrational ground state revealed that oscillatory changes appear on the proton momentum distribution in the nonlinear H2O molecule, while no such modulation is present in the case of an oxygen atom in the linear CO2 molecule. The atomic momentum distributions were analyzed in detail by means of a rigid rotor model, and it was found that the oscillation originates from the quantum-mechanical delocalization of the target atom with respect to the other atoms.
Recent advances in portable devices for environmental monitoring applications
Authors: Trinh Thi Ngoc Diep , Tran Nguyen Khoi Song , Nguyen Hanh An , Chon Nguyen Minh , Trinh Kieu The Loan , Lee Nae Yoon
Published: September 2024

Environmental pollution remains a major societal problem, leading to serious impacts on living organisms including humans. Human activities such as civilization, urbanization, and industrialization are major causes of pollution. Imposing stricter rules helps control environmental pollutant levels, creating a need for reliable pollutant monitoring in air, water, and soil. The application of traditional analytical techniques is limited in low-resource areas because they are sophisticated, expensive, and bulky. With the development of biosensors and microfluidics technology, environmental monitoring has significantly improved the analysis time, low cost, portability, and ease of use. This review discusses the fundamentals of portable devices, including microfluidics and biosensors, for environmental control. Recently, publications reviewing microfluidics and biosensor device applications have increased more than tenfold, showing the potential of emerging novel approaches for environmental monitoring. Strategies for enzyme-, immunoassay-, and molecular-based analyte sensing are discussed based on their mechanisms and applications. Microfluidic and biosensor platforms for detecting major pollutants, including metal ions, pathogens, pesticides, and antibiotic residues, are reviewed based on their working principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Challenges and future trends for the device design and fabrication process to improve performance are discussed. Miniaturization, low cost, selectivity, sensitivity, high automation, and savings in samples and reagents make the devices ideal alternatives for in-field detection, especially in low-resource areas. However, their operation with complicated environmental samples requires further research to improve the specificity and sensitivity. Although there is a wide range of devices available for environmental applications, their implementation in real-world situations is limited. This study provides insights into existing issues that can be used as references and a comparative analysis for future studies and applications.
An energy-modified quantum defect method for the analysis of Rydberg spectra: Application to 2-butyne
Authors: Jungen Ch. , Pratt S. T.
Published: September 2024

The high resolution Rydberg absorption spectrum of 2-butyne C4H6 recorded previously at the SOLEIL synchrotron facility has been interpreted using multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT). The calculations are based on the continuum scattering calculations of Xu et al., J. Chem. Phys. 136, 154303 (2012) and of Jacovella et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 119, 12339 (2015) pertaining to the dipole-allowed excited state symmetries in absorption from the ground state. In contrast to the traditional approach of calculating low-lying electronic states first and then attempting to extend the calculations to ever higher energy, here the analysis proceeds through the extension of these detailed calculations of the electronic continuum scattering down into the discrete region of the spectrum. The continuum reaction matrices and dipole transition moments are adapted to the discrete Rydberg region via the use of an energy-modified formulation of MQDT theory and associated energy dependences of the quantum defects. The analysis reproduces more than 40 Rydberg states from n ≈ 10 down to the 3d and 4s levels with an rms error of better than 20 cm−1. These belong to five Rydberg series with three different molecular symmetries. While the approach predicts many additional series, most of these are calculated and observed to carry only little oscillator strength. The analysis shows that the Rydberg spectrum is dominated by the excitation of an e″ symmetry electron of fδ and gπ type, in line with what previous studies of the above-threshold shape resonance of 2-butyne have shown. The present study is intended to serve as an example showing how first principles continuum calculations may be useful for the interpretation of highly bound discrete states in a range that poses problems for the standard ab initio techniques. The quantitative treatment of the dipole absorption cross sections is deferred to a future paper.