bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATION OF COSTS AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF GENOME-WIDE SEQUENCING IN RUSSIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES: FACTOR ANALYSIS
Authors:   , candidate of medical Sciences, associate Professor, Professor of the Department of hygiene, epidemiology and infectious diseases of the Academy of post-graduate education of the Federal state budgetary institution of FMBA of Russia., Suranova T.G. , Суворов Г.Н. ,   , Vice-rector for General Affairs of the Academy of postgraduate education of the Federal state budgetary institution of the Russian Federation., Зенин С.С. ,   candidate of legal sciences, associate professor, director of the Research Institute of FSBOU VO “Moscow State Law University named after O.E. Kutafin (Moscow State University)”
Published: February 2021

The tendency to reduce the cost of genome sequencing observed in the last decade raises the question of the feasibility of investing in the healthcare system when integrating this technology into clinical practice. In addition, it is necessary to identify factors that will contribute to lower costs and stimulate additional investment in this area. It is also necessary to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of full-genome sequencing for diagnostic and pharmacogenomic applications
Vanishing John–Nirenberg spaces
Authors: Tao Jin , Yang Dachun , Yuan Wen
Published: February 2021

There still exist many unsolved problems on the study
related to John–Nirenberg spaces.
In this article, the authors introduce
two new vanishing subspaces of the John–Nirenberg space

JN
p

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{JN}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

denoted, respectively,
by

VJN
p

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{VJN}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

and

CJN
p

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{CJN}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

,
and establish their equivalent characterizations
which are counterparts of those characterizations for the classic spaces

VMO
⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{VMO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

and

CMO
⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{CMO}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

obtained, respectively, by
D. Sarason and A. Uchiyama.
All these results shed some light on the mysterious space

JN
p

⁢

(

ℝ
n

)

{\mathrm{JN}_{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}

.
The approach strongly depends on
the fine geometrical properties of dyadic cubes, which enable
the authors to subtly classify any collection of interior
pairwise disjoint cubes.
Transferencia embrionaria única: estrategia clave para reducir el riesgo de embarazo múltiple en reproducción humana asistida
Authors: Reimundo Pilar , Gutiérrez Romero Javier M. , Rodríguez Pérez Tamara , Veiga Ernesto
Published: February 2021

El objetivo principal en los inicios de la reproducción humana asistida (RHA) era conseguir la gestación. Las tasas de éxito eran bajas y, por ello, las transferencias embrionarias múltiples se convirtieron en una práctica normal alcanzando tasas de embarazo múltiple hasta veinte veces superiores a las naturales. El embarazo múltiple está asociado a un mayor riesgo de complicaciones para la salud que un embarazo único, tanto para la madre como para los bebés. A los costes en salud deben sumarse también los costes económicos y los riesgos psicosociales, implicando por tanto un elevado coste socio-sanitario. En la actualidad, las tasas de éxito en RHA han mejorado enormemente gracias, en parte, a importantes avances del laboratorio como el cultivo embrionario hasta blastocisto y la vitrificación. Asimismo, existen diversas herramientas de asesoramiento, políticas sanitarias y económicas que han demostrado, tras su aplicación en varios países, su efectividad en el aumento de la práctica de la transferencia embrionaria única y en el descenso de las tasas de embarazo múltiple, garantizando unas tasas de éxito satisfactorias. Por todo ello, la transferencia embrionaria única se plantea como la estrategia de elección en RHA para conseguir un recién nacido vivo sano a término en casa.
Hsien Wu and his major contributions to the chemical era of immunology
Authors: Ebrahimi Mohammad
Published: February 2021

One of the first biological fields to achieve a formal chemical wing is believed to be immunology, and in the early twentieth century, many investigators have studied this field in terms of chemical reactions. Hsien Wu was one of China’s outstanding biochemist leaders during the first half of the twentieth century, an influential immunology scientist. By introducing his academic and scientific background, I elaborate on Hsien Wu’s achievements in the immunochemical period. Wu has solved one of the most serious issues on the accurate perception of immunology, and he made quick and universal attention in this regard. Hsien’s most fundamental contribution to this field is his concentration on quantitation, chemical approaches, and physicochemical, opening a new window for other scientists to find out more about the chemical approaches and theories.
Molecular School – a pre-university chemistry school
Authors: Nogueira Bernardo A. , Silva Alexandre D. , Mendes Maria Inês P. , Pontinha Ana Dora R. , Serpa Carlos , Calvete Mário J. F. , Rocha-Gonçalves Alexandra , Caridade Pedro J. B. S. , Rodrigues Sérgio P. J.
Published: February 2021

The planning, implementation and results of the first edition of the Molecular School are presented, as the first pre-university school project held in Portugal. This is not, however, a strictly Portuguese project, since it can be replicated in other countries at the secondary school level, with minor adjustments. Herein, the pilot edition of Molecular School is detailed and discussed, where 36 secondary school students have participated. The plan for the second edition, to be held in the first semester of 2021, with the confirmed participation of around 100 students, is further presented. Briefly, the project is divided in two modules: theoretical and laboratory work. These were prepared in a complementary way and performed to achieve the same purpose: deliver a wider vision of what chemistry really is. Hence, the classes were designed having in mind the applications that chemistry has in our everyday life, in the different academic research fields and in industry. A better preparation and training at the laboratory level was also a goal of this project. The enthusiasm, happiness and the motivation shown by the students, and their eagerness to participate in the future editions of the Molecular School, were clear signs of this project success.
Analysis and assessment of defectiveness of regulations for the yellow signal at the intersection
Authors: Olejnik Krzysztof
Published: February 2021

Imprecise and defective regulations should be eliminated in the operation of vehicles. The article discusses and evaluates the differences in legal acts regarding the requirements for the yellow signal at intersections with traffic lights. Poland has signed the Vienna Convention on signs and signals. When implementing it into Polish legislation, the original provision was changed slightly. The reason for the ban on entering the intersection during the yellow signal has been changed. As a result, an unfavorable situation arises for the driver without a good way out. In addition, a colloquial word was introduced, undefined – “rapid braking”. The changes introduced in relation to the Vienna Convention were analyzed and evaluated. Defects were found and the need and necessity of correction of the applicable provision were reported. The necessity to consider changing the provision in the Vienna Convention was also pointed out. There is a need to provide advance information about an upcoming change. These are activities in the operation of vehicles in road traffic from the area of active safety system. It may be possible to use e.g. a flashing signal in the final phase of displaying a solid green signal on the S1 signaling device for vehicles.
Identifying Innovative Reliable Criteria Governing the Selection of Infrastructures Construction Project Delivery Systems
Authors: Nouh Meshref Ahmed , Elkasaby E.A. , Wageh Omnia
Published: February 2021

No doubt that the most vital issues to achieve a great success project are the choice of best suitable project delivery methods. According to the experience of project management staff, the delivery of the project is chosen. However, that leads to similar repetitive issues, for example, exceeding the cost of the project and exceeding the project's schedule, and that's what many projects face. It is difficult to develop the management of the recurring issues of the project because there is no awareness of delivery methods. The efficiency of project implementation is greatly affected by selecting the appropriate delivery method. Fuzzy data at early stages of construction projects leads to the fuzzy decision of selection a suitable type to deliver the project contract. In this study, the main purpose was to determine the comprehensive criteria that significantly influence the selection of infrastructures construction project delivery systems. These criteria will aid decision making process more comprehensive and effective innovation tool to choose the reliable Infrastructures Project Delivery System.
Piroxicam reduces acute and chronic pain response in type 1 diabetic rats
Authors: Alimoradian Abbas , Samimi Fatemeh , Aslfalah Hadise , Latifi Seied Amirhossein , Salehi Mehdi , Khodaei Maryam , Amri Jamal
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Pain associated with various underlying pathologies is a major cause of morbidity and diminished life quality in diabetic patients. Effective control of pain requires the use of analgesics with the best efficacy and with minimal side effects. Therefore, our aim in this study was to investigate the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on pain in diabetic rats.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the analgesic effects of drugs belonging to three different classes of NSAIDs in a rat model of diabetes. Four diabetic groups received normal saline, diclofenac, piroxicam and ketorolac, respectively, and four non-diabetic groups received normal saline, diclofenac, piroxicam and ketorolac. Type 1 diabetes was induced in rats by a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg bw). Formalin (50 µL of 2.5%) nociception assay was used to examine the effect of treatment with diclofenac, piroxicam and ketorolac on acute and chronic pain in healthy and diabetic rats.

Results

Piroxicam showed significant analgesic effects both in the acute phase of pain (5–10 min after injection of formalin into the left hind paw), and in the chronic phase (20–60 min after formalin injection) in healthy as well as diabetic rats. Diclofenac and ketorolac also reduced pain scores in healthy rats. However, these two drugs failed to diminish pain in diabetic rats.

Conclusion

Our data point for better efficacy of piroxicam in controlling pain in diabetes.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of methanol extract of red cultivar Allium cepa bulbs in rats and mice
Authors: Oyewusi Adeoye Joshua , Oridupa Olayinka Ayotunde , Saba Adebowale Bernard , Oyewusi Ibironke Kofoworola , Olukunle Jonny Olufemi
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Several cultivars of Allium cepa L. have been studied for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities but there is inadequate information on such biological activities of the concentrated extracts of the Nigerian grown red cultivar A. cepa bulb.

Methods

The anti-inflammatory models used in this study were Carrageenan-induced paw oedema and formalin-induced paw lick in rats, while acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, hot plate reaction, hot water tail flick tests in mice were the analgesic models.

Results

At 30 min post-induction (pi), the inhibition of paw oedema (62.50%) by 200 mg/kg of methanol extract of red cultivar A. cepa bulb (MERCACB) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of indomethacin (15.63%) at 10 mg/kg. The paw oedema inhibition at 60 min pi by MERCACB (76.92%) was significantly higher than that of indomethacin (41.03%). At the early phase of formalin paw-lick test, the pain reaction time (PRT) of rat treated with MERCACB (400 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of indomethacin and the control groups. The hotplate test revealed that PRT of mice treated with 800 mg/kg of MERCACB were significantly (p<0.01) longer in comparism to indomethacin and control groups. The PRT of mice subjected to thermal pain due to hot water and treated with 800 mg/kg of MERCACB was significantly (p<0.05) longer than that of the control group.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that MERCACB possesses potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties which confirm the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and may be useful as a future therapeutic agent.
Pharmacological investigations on efficacy of Phlorizin a sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitor in mouse model of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced dementia of AD type
Authors: Rani Reena , Kumar Amit , Jaggi Amteshwar Singh , Singh Nirmal
Published: February 2021

Objectives

The study has been commenced to discover the potential of Phlorizin (dual SGLT inhibitor) in streptozotocin induced dementia of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) type.

Material and methods

Injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) was given via i.c.v. route (3 mg/kg) to induce dementia of Alzheimer’s type. In these animals learning and memory was evaluated using Morris water maze (MWM) test. Glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) level was quantified to evaluate the oxidative stress; cholinergic activity of brain was estimated in term of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity; and the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured as inflammation marker.

Results

The mice model had decreased performance in MWM, representing impairment of cognitive functions. Biochemical evaluation showed rise in TBARS level, MPO and AChE activity, and fall in GSH level. The histopathological study revealed severe infiltration of neutrophils. In the study, Phlorizin/Donepezil (serving as positive control) treatment mitigate streptozotocin induced cognitive decline, histopathological changes and biochemical alterations.

Conclusions

The results suggest that Phlorizin decreased cognitive function via its anticholinesterase, antioxidative, antiinflammatory effects and probably through SGLT inhibitory action. It can be conferred that SGLTs can be an encouraging target for the treatment of dementia of AD.
Design of 16 × 40 Gbps hybrid PDM-WDM FSO communication system and its performance comparison with the traditional model under diverse weather conditions of Bangladesh
Authors: Choyon A. K. M. Sharoar Jahan , Chowdhury Ruhin
Published: February 2021

A comprehensive design is proposed for free-space optical (FSO) communication system by hybridizing polarization division multiplexing (PDM) with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and its performance is investigated under diverse turbulent weather conditions of Bangladesh. Here we consider gamma–gamma (G–G) distribution for the turbulent FSO channel model. Moreover, a PDM-WDM technique not only maximizes the link capacity of FSO system but also enhances the spectral efficiency (SE) of the system. Besides, the performance of this hybrid PDM-WDM FSO system is compared with the traditional model and the proposed hybrid system exhibits excellent performance under diverse atmospheric conditions of Bangladesh. Performance analysis of the proposed model as well as the comparison with the traditional model is described in terms of optical power spectrum (OPS), optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), bit error rate (BER), Q factor, constellation diagrams, and eye diagrams.
Money as an Institution and Money as an Object
Authors: Guala Francesco
Published: February 2021

The folk conception of money as an object is not a promising starting point to develop general, explanatory metaphysical accounts of the social world. A theory of institutions as rules in equilibrium is more consistent with scientific theories of money, is able to shed light on the folk view, and side-steps some unnecessary puzzles.
The crystal structure of pentakis(carbonyl)-{μ-[2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-olato]}-(triphenylphosphane)diiron (Fe–Fe)C26H21Fe2O6PS2
Authors: Gao Wei , Bai Yan-Jie , Mao Jia-Le , Guo Xue-Quan
Published: February 2021

C26H21Fe2O6PS2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.0892(6) Å, b = 27.6631(18) Å, c = 11.3409(8) Å, β = 106.409(2)°, V = 2735.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0670, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1620, T = 296(2) K.
Narratives of undergraduate research, mentorship, and teaching at UCLA
Authors: Stevens Simone L. , Phung Alice C. , Gonzalez Alejandra , Shao Yanwu , Moully Elamar Hakim , Nguyen Vinh T. , Martin Joshua L. , Mao Chantel , Saebi Azin , Mosallaei Daniel , Kirollos Monica , Chong Paul , Umanzor Alexander , Qian Kevin , Marin Gustavo , Ebrahim Omar M. , Pathuri Ramya S. , Hopp Morgan , Ramachandran Roshini , Waddington Mary A. , Spokoyny Alexander M.
Published: February 2021

This work describes select narratives pertaining to undergraduate teaching and mentorship at UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry by Alex Spokoyny and his junior colleagues. Specifically, we discuss how individual undergraduate researchers contributed and jump-started multiple research themes since the conception of our research laboratory. This work also describes several recent innovations in the inorganic and general chemistry courses taught by Spokoyny at UCLA with a focus of nurturing appreciation for research and creative process in sciences including the use of social media platforms.
Magnetic particle imaging of particle dynamics in complex matrix systems
Authors: Draack Sebastian , Schilling Meinhard , Viereck Thilo
Published: February 2021

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a young imaging modality for biomedical applications. It uses magnetic nanoparticles as a tracer material to produce three-dimensional images of the spatial tracer distribution in the field-of-view. Since the tracer magnetization dynamics are tied to the hydrodynamic mobility via the Brownian relaxation mechanism, MPI is also capable of mapping the local environment during the imaging process. Since the influence of viscosity or temperature on the harmonic spectrum is very complicated, we used magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) as an integral measurement technique to investigate the relationships. We studied MPS spectra as function of both viscosity and temperature on model particle systems. With multispectral MPS, we also developed an empirical tool for treating more complex scenarios via a calibration approach. We demonstrate that MPS/MPI are powerful methods for studying particle-matrix interactions in complex media.
Durability of geopolymers and geopolymer concretes: A review
Authors: Lingyu Tian , Dongpo He , Jianing Zhao , Hongguang Wang
Published: February 2021

Geopolymers are green materials with three-dimensional silicon and aluminum tetrahedral structures that can be serving as environmentally friendly construction materials and therefore have the potential to contribute to sustainable development. In this paper, the mechanism and research progress regarding the carbonation resistance, structural fire resistance, corrosion resistance, permeation properties and frost resistance of geopolymer concretes are reviewed, and the main problems with the durability of geopolymer concretes are discussed. Geopolymers possess the superb mechanic property and their compression strengths could be higher than 100 MPa. Generally, the higher the GPC strength, the better the carbonation-resistant. GPC has excellent fire resistance, due to geopolymers are acquired an inorganic skeleton which is affected by the alkali content, alkali cation, and Si/Ai ratio. There are a large number of Al-O and Si-O structures in geopolymers. Geopolymers do not react with acids at room temperature and can be used to make acid-resistant materials. Besides, GPC owning low porosity volume shows good resistance to permeability. The freezing-thawing failure mechanism of geopolymer concretes is mainly based on hydrostatic and osmotic pressure theory. GPC has poor frost resistance, and the freezing-thawing limit is less than 75 times.
Study of surfaces, produced with the use of granite and titanium, for applications with solar thermal collectors
Authors: Alves Albuquerque Araújo Felipe , Nivaldo Aguiar Freire Francisco , Caitano Pinho Diego , Dutra Kaio Hemerson , Rocha Paulo Alexandre Costa , Vieira da Silva Maria Eugênia
Published: February 2021

The present work consisted in obtaining and studying selective surfaces for applications in low-cost flat plate solar collectors, using residues from the granite industry. Five different surfaces were studied, varying the percentage by weight: 100% granite powder, 75% granite powder + 25% titanium oxide, 50% granite powder + 50% titanium oxide, 25% granite powder + 75% titanium oxide and 100% titanium oxide.

For the tests, an experimental wooden bench was built, and it was possible to simulate the conditions of a flat plate solar collector. For characterization of the surfaces, SEM techniques, infrared analysis and UV-VIS absorbance determination were used, as well as graphs with surface temperatures and with radiation in the sun tests.

The efficiency of the surfaces was determined by the ratio of the absorptivity through the emissivity, as well as the trademark MRTiNOX. An efficiency of 23.58 was obtained for this, while for the 50% granite - 50% titanium surface the value of 23.30 (closest to the trade mark) was calculated. Therefore, replacing the traditional components of selective surfaces with granite proved to be a satisfactory solution, contributing to the reduction of costs with solar energy.
Xanthene based resonance Rayleigh scattering and spectrofluorimetric probes for the determination of cyclobenzaprine: Application to content uniformity test
Authors: Abdel-Lateef Mohamed A. , Almahri Albandary , Derayea Sayed M. , Samir Ebtihal
Published: February 2021

In this work, a resonance Rayleigh scattering technique and a spectrofluorimetric technique were applied to the quantification of cyclobenzaprine through two validated methods. The suggested methods are based on a facile association complex formation between cyclobenzaprine and eosin Y reagent in the acidic medium. The resonance Rayleigh scattering method relied on the enhancement in the resonance Rayleigh scattering spectrum of eosin Y at 370 nm after the addition of cyclobenzaprine. On the other hand, the spectrofluorimetric quantification relied on the quenching effect of cyclobenzaprine on the fluorescence strength of the eosin Y reagent at 545 nm (excitation wavelength at 300 nm). The suggested methods were linear over the ranges of 0.07–1.75 μg/mL and 0.15–2.0 μg/mL with detection limit values of 0.023 μg/mL and 0.048 μg/mL for the resonance Rayleigh scattering method and the spectrofluorimetric method, respectively. All reaction conditions for cyclobenzaprine–eosin Y formation were experimentally evaluated and optimized. In addition, both methods were validated based on ICH rules. Furthermore, the developed methods were practically applied to the analysis of cyclobenzaprine in its commercial tablet dosage form with acceptable recoveries. Moreover, the content uniformity test of the commercial cyclobenzaprine tablets was successfully applied using the proposed spectroscopic methods based on USP rules.
The role of PKMζ in the maintenance of long-term memory: a review
Authors: Patel Hamish , Zamani Reza
Published: February 2021

Long-term memories are thought to be stored in neurones and synapses that undergo physical changes, such as long-term potentiation (LTP), and these changes can be maintained for long periods of time. A candidate enzyme for the maintenance of LTP is protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ), a constitutively active protein kinase C isoform that is elevated during LTP and long-term memory maintenance. This paper reviews the evidence and controversies surrounding the role of PKMζ in the maintenance of long-term memory. PKMζ maintains synaptic potentiation by preventing AMPA receptor endocytosis and promoting stabilisation of dendritic spine growth. Inhibition of PKMζ, with zeta-inhibitory peptide (ZIP), can reverse LTP and impair established long-term memories. However, a deficit of memory retrieval cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, ZIP, and in high enough doses the control peptide scrambled ZIP, was recently shown to be neurotoxic, which may explain some of the effects of ZIP on memory impairment. PKMζ knockout mice show normal learning and memory. However, this is likely due to compensation by protein-kinase C iota/lambda (PKCι/λ), which is normally responsible for induction of LTP. It is not clear how, or if, this compensatory mechanism is activated under normal conditions. Future research should utilise inducible PKMζ knockdown in adult rodents to investigate whether PKMζ maintains memory in specific parts of the brain, or if it represents a global memory maintenance molecule. These insights may inform future therapeutic targets for disorders of memory loss.
Numerical stochastic modelling of spatial and spatio-temporal fields of the wind chill index in the South of Western Siberia
Authors: Kargapolova Nina A. , Ogorodnikov Vasily A.
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the results of comparison of various methods of spatial interpolation of the wind chill index in two regions located in the South of Western Siberia (Russia). It is shown that stochastic interpolation provides the least interpolation error in the considered regions. The results of modelling the spatial and spatio-temporal fields of the considered bioclimatic index on a regular grid are presented.
Real time defect detection during composite layup via Tactile Shape Sensing
Authors: Elkington Michael , Almas Even , Ward-Cherrier Ben , Pestell Nick , Lloyd J. , Ward Carwyn , Lepora Nathan
Published: February 2021

In this study an automated composite layup end effector is presented which is the first to be able to find defects in real time during layup using tactile shape sensing. Based around an existing sensor concept developed by the Bristol Robot Laboratory known as the ‘TacTip’, a new end effector is developed, replacing the soft gel core of the original sensor was replaced by a much firmer elastomer, enabling it to apply up to 400N of compaction force. In this paper it is shown to successfully detect typical defects such as wrinkles, foreign objects, layup errors or incorrect material types while simultaneously compacting preimpregnated composite materials over complex mould shapes.
Cushioning energy absorption of paper corrugation tubes with regular polygonal cross-section under axial static compression
Authors: Kang Jianfen , Guo Yanfeng , Fu Yungang , Li Qiong , Lv Yabo
Published: February 2021

The paper corrugation tube is an innovative kind of energy absorbing structure and shock absorber which can play an important role on the cushioning energy absorption for airdrop equipments and transportation packaging. The deformation characteristics and failure modes of the regular triangle, quadrangle, pentagon and hexagon paper corrugation tubes were comparatively studied by a series of axial static compression experiments, the cushioning energy absorption was evaluated by the seven characteristic parameters (e.g. initial peak force, mean crush force, total energy absorption, specific energy absorption, crush force efficiency, unit area energy absorption and stroke efficiency), and the influences of tube direction, cross-sectional shape, tube length and compression rate on failure modes and cushioning energy absorption were analyzed and compared. These researches showed that the tubes along X direction only have the accordion deformation mode, yet the tubes along Y direction have four deformation modes including steady state progressive buckling, Euler buckling, angular tear and transverse shear. For the paper corrugation tubes along Y direction, the cross-sectional shape has obvious influence on the cushioning energy absorption of structures, and the specific energy absorption and unit area energy absorption of regular triangle and pentagon tubes are better than those of the tubes with regular quadrilateral and hexagonal cross-section at compression rates of 12 and 48mm/min. The tube length of 150 mm or compression rate of 72 mm/min would cause the increase of contribution proportion of non-ideal deformation mode and the decrease of cushioning properties. The paper corrugation tubes along X direction have more stable and controllable deformation mode, yet the paper corrugation tubes along Y direction have better cushioning energy absorption.
Measuring diagram quality through semiotic morphisms
Authors: Marshall Guy Clarke , Freitas André
Published: February 2021

This paper outlines a method to assess the effectiveness of diagrams, from semiotic foundations. In doing so, we explore the Peircian notion of signification, as applied to diagrammatic representations. We review a history of diagrams, with particular emphasis on schematics used for representing systems, and uncover the neglect of semiotic analysis of diagrammatic representations. Through application of category theory to the Peircian triadic model, we propose a set of quantitative quality measures for diagrams, and a framework for their assessment, based on the properties of their encoding, pragmatic and perceptual morphisms. These measures include diagram complexity, utility, aesthetics and expert assessment of semiotic content, together with qualitative feedback. We consider the diagrams as an aid to cognitive processes, rather than a purely communication media. This utility-focused perspective on diagram quality dimensions allows for fresh insights into the creation of effective diagrams.
Construction of a binary evaluative taxonomy within a story
Authors: Hauser Eric
Published: February 2021

Making use of Occasioned Semantics, I look at how a taxonomy of different types of alcoholic beverages is constructed within a story told during the closing of a meeting at a neighborhood organization. The data are in Japanese with English translation. The use of taxonomic analysis within Occasioned Semantics is discussed, with a separate example. The story is shown to be placed at a point in the closing routine where an invitation to join a post-meeting drinking session is expectable. Within the story, the teller, Kaicho, who is the head of the organization, constructs an occasioned inclusion taxonomy of alcoholic beverages. He then adds two binary evaluative contrasts to the more specific level of the taxonomy. What Kaicho accomplishes through telling the story, what he accomplishes through constructing the taxonomy with its evaluative contrasts, and how the constructed taxonomy cannot be seen simply as the reflection of an underlying cognitive structure are discussed. It is argued that an ad hoc element is an inherent part of any actually occurring taxonomy. The role of cultural knowledge in the analysis of meaning in interaction is discussed.
Factors Impacting Early Mobilization Following Hip Fracture: An Observational Study
Authors: Said Catherine M. , Delahunt Marisa , Ciavarella Vera , Al Maliki Doha , Boys Anne-Marie , Vogrin Sara , Berney Sue
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:

Hip fracture guidelines emphasize mobilization within 48 hours of surgery. The aims of this audit were to determine the proportion of patients with hip fracture who mobilize within 48 hours, identify factors associated with delayed mobilization, and identify barriers to mobilization.

Methods:

Single-site prospective audit of 100 consecutive patients (age 82 ± 9 years) admitted for surgical management of hip fracture. Data collected included time to mobilization, factors that may impact mobilization (age, weight-bearing status, additional injuries, premorbid mobility status, time to surgery, dementia, delirium, and postoperative complications), and barriers to mobilization as identified by the physical therapist.

Results and Discussion:

Mobilization within 48 hours of surgery was achieved by 43% of patients. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated odds of mobilizing early increased with higher New Mobility Scores, representing better premorbid mobility (odds ratio [OR] = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.60); odds reduced if delirium was present on day 1 or 2 (OR = 0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.79). New Mobility Scores 5 or more, which indicate independent premorbid mobility inside and outside the house, best predicted early mobilization in patients who did not develop delirium. No cutoff score was identified for those with delirium. Identified barriers to mobilization included patient confusion, manual handling risk, patient declined, and hypotension.

Conclusions:

Less than half of this cohort achieved the guideline of mobilization within 48 hours of surgery. Patients who develop delirium within the first 2 days of surgery or who had premorbid mobility limitation were less likely to mobilize. Identification of patients likely to have delayed mobilization will assist physical therapists with delivering appropriate management to patients with hip fracture during their acute hospital stay.
An Interesting Case of Blood Group Switch after Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors:   CMH Lahore Medical & Dental College Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, Ayyazuddin Meher , Khan Qudsia Umaira ,   CMH Lahore Medical & Dental College Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: February 2021

Blood groups are determined by specific antigens attached to red blood cells that are either carbohydrate or protein in nature. Changes in gene expression encoding for various blood types are rare, with the ABO blood group antigen most commonly altered. We report a female patient whose blood group changed from A, Rh positive to A, Rh negative, over the period of 10 years (1999-2009). During this time period, she was diagnosed with breast carcinoma and a lumpectomy was performed, followed by chemotherapy (with anthracycline and docetaxel) along with local irradiation. There has been no remission after recovery. It was noticed that the patient’s blood group had changed. A possible reason may be Rh mosaicism and a mutation in the Rh gene, resulting in the alteration of Rh antigen expression. The reason causing this mutation is unclear. However, in some cases changes in blood groups are related to patients’ chemotherapy treatment and their remission status.
Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Awareness Among Female Medical Students
Authors:   CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan, Tahir Hamyel , Hassan Amna ,   CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan, Khan Qudsia Umaira ,   CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan, Hafeez Farida ,   CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: February 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common causes of infertility in woman, affecting 4-18% of reproductive aged women worldwide. It is characterized by hormonal imbalance leading to reproductive, metabolic and psychological dysfunction. It is a multi-organ syndrome affecting both female gonads and the pituitary gland. Polycystic ovary syndrome is idiopathic in occurrence. However, recent studies suggest that it can be caused by inherent abnormalities of ovarian steroidogenesis, follicular development, excessive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and reduced follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and level of awareness of female students about polycystic ovary syndrome. To determine the prevalence of the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: A cross sectional type of quantitative study was conducted following the approval from the Ethical Review Committee. The study was carried out on a sample of medical students, with a calculated sample size of 278 individuals according to the World Health Organization (WHO) formula. A questionnaire-based survey was implemented. Results: The most important question was regarding the awareness of polycystic ovary syndrome and to our interest 74.5% of the participants were aware of the disease. 42.2% of the participants gained knowledge of the disease from social media and the internet. The diagnosed cases of polycystic ovary syndrome in the sample was 11.2%, among which 41.9 % are receiving the treatment. Conclusion: The majority of the female medical students (74.5%) were aware of polycystic ovary syndrome in female medical students. 33.8% of the participants had a normal menstrual cycle of 28 days. A noticeable percentage of students had polycystic ovary syndrome and were under treatment. Our study can be further used to determine relations between polycystic ovary syndrome and a variety of factors, such as the duration of menstrual cycle, body mass index (BMI) or symptoms of this syndrome, such as the weight gain and acne.
Frequency and Distribution of Rifampicin Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Clinical Isolates Using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF in Delta State, South-South Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Laboratory Services, Central Hospital Warri, Nigeria, Omote Victor , Ukwamedua Henry Awele ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ambrose Ali University, Ekpoma, Nigeria, Oshilonya Henry Uzor ,   Department of Laboratory Services, Central Hospital Agbor, Nigeria, Bini Nathaniel ,   Department of Laboratory Services, Central Hospital Warri, Nigeria, Ugwuoke Hilary Chidi ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ambrose Ali University, Ekpoma, Nigeria, Usiobeigbe Stanley Osahon ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Nigeria, Omoviye Emmanuel Onome ,   Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Applications Support, ISN Medical, Nigeria, Nkama Isioma Venite ,   Department of Laboratory Services, Central Hospital Warri, Nigeria, Ogbodo Emmanuel Chukwuemeka ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Published: February 2021

The emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant-tuberculosis is a threat, which has complicated the diagnosis, management and control of tuberculosis. In addition to the simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli and rifampicin resistance, the Gene Xpert assay can also highlight the point of mutation if it occurs around the rifampicin resistance determination region (RRDR) of the rpoB gene, which is responsible for 95% of rifampicin resistance. This study seeks to estimate the prevalence of rifampicin resistance, determine the frequency and distribution of mutations along the rifampicin resistance determination region, and assay for the relationship that exists between these mutations and basic epidemiological variables.
Bullying and its Effect on Mental Wellbeing of the Students: A Case Study in Two Different Schools
Authors:   CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry (NUMS), Lahore, Pakistan, Bokhari Uswah , Shoaib Uswah ,   CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry (NUMS), Lahore, Pakistan, Ijaz Farhat ,   CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry (NUMS), Lahore, Pakistan, Hafeez Farida ,   CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry (NUMS), Lahore, Pakistan, Aftab Rana Khurram ,   Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan, Ijaz Musarrat ,   The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Published: February 2021

Background: Bullying can be a major problem for many children at most schools. Traditionally, bullying is associated with lower academic achievements and generally lower life satisfaction in a child’s primary years of life. Previous studies exploring the effects of bullying on positive psychological constructs of a child have shown varying results. Objectives: This study is aimed to analyze the degree of bullying in two different schools of Lahore and evaluate its effect on the positive mental wellbeing of the students of each institution. Methods: 381 participants were selected from two schools of Lahore, Pakistan: Sacred Heart Convent and Ibne Sina College. The students selected were from grades 6 to 10. The severity of bullying was analyzed by using a questionnaire designed using the Victimization Scale and the WHO-5 Scale. The scores were calculated for each school and the results were compared for victimization and positive mental wellbeing. Results: The mean score for victimization was 8.90 at the Ibne Sina College and 5.89 at the Sacred Heart Convent, which means the incidence of bullying was higher at Ibne Sina College. According to WHO Wellbeing Index, the mental wellbeing was also higher at Ibne Sina College, with 60.7% of students reporting a score higher than 13, as compared to 48.6% from Sacred Heart Convent. Conclusion: These results suggest that in Pakistan, the rate of traditional bullying is higher among students of co-educational school i.e., students of both genders in the same school or college, however, they also report higher general happiness and lower risk for depression. Irrespectively, there is a need to incorporate the promotion of anti-bullying programs and promote positive health as an integral part of the curriculums in school.
Honoré de Balzac, Henry James, and Seraphic Devotions
Authors: Hollywood Amy
Published: February 2021

Reading Henry James’s late novel The Wings of the Dove with Honoré de Balzac’s Seraphita, this essay argues that James performs through his novel an act of secular devotion, a memorialization of lost others through which he enables himself to continue to live.
Economia agrícola das comunidades romanas do NW peninsular: dados carpológicos da Terronha de Pinhovelo (Bragança, Portugal)
Authors: Tereso João Pedro
Published: February 2021

Um estudo paleoetnobotânico realizado sobre macro-restos vegetais do povoado romano da Terronha de Pinhovelo (Nordeste de Portugal), forneceu informações acerca das práticas agrícolas das comunidades indígenas dos séculos IV/V D.C.Foram recolhidos depósitos com quantidades significativas de macro-fosseis vegetais em vários compartimentos e estruturas domésticas. Os dados recolhidos sugerem a existência de uma agricultura cerealífera caracterizada pelo domínio de Triticum spelta, T. aestivum, T. compactum e Hordeum vulgare. A fava foi a única leguminosa registada.
MODELLING OF 3D-STRUCTURES OF THE RARE MELANOCORTIN-1-RECEPTOR MUTATIONS ASSOCIATED TO MELANISM IN THE BANANAQUIT
Authors: Sedano-Cruz Raúl Ernesto , Osorio Daniel Camilo
Published: February 2021

Melanism in plumage color is often associated to the single nucleotide polymorphism of the melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R). Despite the striking association between the substitution of a Glutamic-acid by for a Lysine at position 92 on the MC1R protein and a completely black plumage, an in-depth understanding of the effect of missense mutations on the conformational change and behavior of the MC1R in the lipid bilayer caused by the absence of a crystal structure is lacking. We examine the structural basis for receptor activation using DNA sequences from the GenBank to perform in silicoprotein homology-based modeling. Our tridimensional model shows that the Alanine for a 179-Threoninesubstitution is a structural complement of the charge-reversing effect associated to the substitution of a Glutamic-acid by for a Lysine at position 92 on the MC1R. We proposed the possibility of gradual evolution in stability and electrostatic properties of the MC1R by the sequential accumulation of these two rare substitutions. These two rare substitutions further perturb physical-chemical properties that may be necessary folding requirements of the constitutively active MC1R forms without altering of ligand binding affinity. The computational coarse-grained molecular dynamics of the MC1R binding affinities to the melanocyte-stimulating hormone predicted the disparity in ligand binding amongalleles. We speculate that the disparity in structural constraints and ligand binding among the alleles within heterozygous individuals may contribute as a mechanism to the plumage color variation in the Coereba flaveola.
CAMBIOS EN DIVERSIDAD Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE PECES NATIVOS CON LA PRESENCIA DE DOS ESPECIES INVASORAS EN EL RÍO ATACAMES, NOROCCIDENTE DEL ECUADOR
Authors: Jiménez Prado Pedro Jorge , Vásquez Galarza Fernando Welington
Published: February 2021

La interpretación de la diversidad biológica puede resultar muy compleja, ya que existe una dinámica basada en el origen y en la diversificación de las especies, así como en los efectos antrópicos, tales como la introducción de especies invasoras, cuya consecuencia puede conducir a la extinción local de especies nativas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la variación temporal (2012 y 2017), tanto en composición como en distribución de la ictiofauna a lo largo del río Atacames, noroccidente del Ecuador. En 2012 se registró: 1) la presencia de Astyanax ruberrimus que se extinguió localmente para el 2017; y 2) la presencia de la tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) como única especie introducida a la que se sumó el guppy (Poecilia gillii) para el 2017. Adicionalmente, el aumento en las actividades humanas condujo a un arreglo en la diversidad, abundancia y distribución de peces a lo largo del cauce, lo que determinó además que algunas especies se dispersaran hacia la zona alta de la cuenca.
VARIATION IN THE FLOWERING PHENOLOGY OF AN EPIPHYTIC BROMELIAD ALONG AN ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT
Authors: López López Judith Isabel , Parra Tabla Victor Próspero , Mondragón Demetria
Published: February 2021

Elevational patterns in flowering phenology have been reported for trees, shrubs and herbs. However, for vascular epiphytes that rely on atmospheric sources for humidity and nutrients, and depend on phorophyte microhabitat, elevational patterns of variation are unknown. In this study, we described the flowering phenology of Tillandsia carlos-hankii, an epiphytic bromeliad, along an elevational gradient in Capulálpam de Méndez, Oaxaca. We analyzed the onset, seasonality and duration of flowering along and within different elevation zones, and we evaluated the effect of phorophyte features (tree height, DBH and canopy diameter) on flowering start date and duration. From June 2016 to May 2017, we periodically recorded phenological data from six populations along three elevation zones (“low” 2151 to 2283 m. a. s. l., “medium”: 2284 to 2416 m. a. s. l. and “high” 2417 to 2548 m. a. s. l.), monitoring two population per zone. Start of flowering occurred between December and January, beginning six to 16 days earlier at low elevations than in the other zones, although this difference was not statistically significant. We observed marked flowering seasonality at all the elevation zones, with differences between zones (W≥18.49, p<0.0001) and between the populations at medium and high elevations (W≥8.57, p≤0.05). Flowering duration spanned fromDecember to May. Phorophyte features were not related to the onset or duration of flowering (t≤-1.47, p≥0.14, in all cases). Our results suggest that vascular epiphytes follow the same elevational patterns in phenology as other life forms, and that populations in the same elevation range can vary. The causes of such intra-elevational variation merit further investigation.
R editing of HMMSEARCH output: heatmap with associated with gene tree and protein illustration v1
Authors: Nishii Kanae
Published: February 2021

R codes used for phyml tree and profile HMM heatmap visualization, protein domain illustration