bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening in rice (Oryza sativa L.) for multiple biotic stress resistance under sodic soil of North Eastern plain zone of India
Authors: SRIVAS SHIV PRAKASH
Published: February 2024

Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in developing countries and the staple food of about 65% of the world’s population. The dependence of such a large population to meet their daily dietary requirements on this tropical crop causes different insect-pests of rice that significantly reduce crop yield, and quality as well as affect marketability in different parts of the world. Traditionally, several pesticides have been utilized to prevent the insect-pest, but this approach has various drawbacks, including the development of pesticide resistance, and negative effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, it was essential to screen the bacterial leaf blight (BLB), blast, brown spot, narrow brown leaf spot (NBLS), sheath rot, yellow stem borer (YSB) and leaf folder resistant rice genotypes under sodic soil conditions at Main Experimental Station of ANDUAT, Ayodhya, (U.P.), during 2016 to 2018. The present investigation reveals that the genotype Sushk Samrat showed high resistance for brown spot, NBLS, sheath rot, YSB, and leaf folder as well as resistance for Blast followed by CSR 10 showed high resistance for BLB, sheath rot, YSB and resistance for brown spot & Sarjoo 52 showed highly resistant for brown spot, sheath rot, leaf folder and resistant BLB, NBLS, YSB, respectively. The majority of cross combinations of the highly resistant parents showed high resistance and resistance in F1s, the best heterotic combination is Narendra Usar Dhan 2 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 showed highly resistant for blast, brown spot, sheath rot, YSB, and resistance for BLB, NBLS, leaf folder; IR-85897x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 showed highly resistant for NBLS, sheath rot, YSB, and resistant for BLB, blast, leaf folder; Sushk Samrat x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 showed highly resistant for brown spot, YSB, and resistant for BLB, blast, NBLS, sheath rot, leaf folder; Sarjoo 52 x Narendra Usar Dhan 3 showed highly resistant for sheath rot, YSM, and resistant for BLB, blast, brown spot, NBLS and leaf folder. It reflects that Sushk Samrat and Sarjoo 52 have strong genetic backgrounds responsible for resisting these elite genetic stocks against various diseases prevalent in this northeast plainagro-climatic zone. Hence, these varieties can be utilized as donors in hybridization programmes to pyramid various biotic and abiotic stresses in widely adopted cultivars to increase productivity in sodic soil areas.
Floral development insights into two species of Erythrina (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae: Phaseoleae) pollinated by hummingbirds and passerines
Authors: de Souza Lukas Gabriel Macedo Pessanha , Falcão Marcus José de Azevedo , Basso-Alves João Paulo , Mansano Vidal de Freitas
Published: February 2024

Erythrina is a Pantropical bird-pollinated genus of Fabaceae. Thus, its flowers are usually large, showy, red, or yellowish, which offer nectar as a floral resource. There are two main interaction systems with birds: in one, the inflorescences are erect, and the flowers are horizontal, offering no landing platform; in the other, the inflorescences are horizontal, and the flowers parts are more exposed. Despite their structural variation, little is known about how species of the same genus diverge ontogenetically to form functionally different flowers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate floral development in two species according to their pollination system. Erythrina speciosa is pollinated by hummingbirds, and E. poeppigiana is pollinated by passerines. Flowers and buds were collected and fixed for analysis using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Some characteristics are common to both species: the formation of a pseudoracemose inflorescence, the unidirectional emergence of floral organs, and the formation of a short staminal tube involving nine of the ten stamens (androecium diadelphous). Other characteristics, notably those related to the late stages of floral development, gradually diverged. Among them are inflorescence formation pattern; the formation of reduced and free keel petals in E. speciosa, while in E. poeppigiana they are longer and merge; and the participation of the standard in the floral display. Such characteristics may not be phylogenetically related and reveal the potential ontogenetic pathways of functional convergence that flowers have experienced throughout evolution in Erythrina.
Properties of sandwich boards with a core made of bio-composite particleboard containing wood particles and walnut shells
Authors: Dukarska Dorota , Grześkowiak Wojciech , Kawalerczyk Jakub , Klucewicz Maciej , Florczak Maciej , Góral Błażej
Published: February 2024

The aim of the research was to investigate the possibility of producing bio-composite particleboard with a density reduced to 500–550 kg/m3, containing 25% and 50% of walnut shells. In addition, the study also concerned the possibility of using these materials in sandwich systems. Based on the results, it was found that partial replacement of wood particles with ground shells leads to a significant reduction in the strength of the boards bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. However, the implementation of a hybrid gluing method consisting of gluing wood particles with UF resin and walnut shells with 4,4′-methylenediphenyl isocyanate (pMDI) causes a significant improvement in the strength of the boards, especially for the variant with the highest shells content. Despite this achievement, the manufactured materials still do not meet the requirements for furniture boards. The next step of the research has shown that these boards can perform well as a core layer in the sandwich boards covered with high-strength HDF boards. Moreover, it was found that increasing the share of walnut shells positively affects the dimensional stability of boards (thickness swelling and water absorption). However, substitution of wood with shells accelerates the ignition and flameout times of the boards. It increases the heat release without significantly affecting the percentage loss of the boards’ mass during exposure to fire.
A novel two-stage reliability analysis method combining improved cross-entropy adaptive sampling and relevant vector machine
Authors: Fan Xin , Yang Xufeng , Liu Yongshou
Published: February 2024

The computational burden becomes unbearable when reliability analysis involves time-consuming finite element analysis, especially for rare events. Therefore, reducing the number of performance function calls is the only way to improve computing efficiency. This paper proposes a novel reliability analysis method that combines relevant vector machine (RVM) and improved cross-entropy adaptive sampling (iCE). In this method, RVM is employed to approximate the limit state surface and iCE is performed based on the constructed RVM. To guarantee the precision of RVM, the first level samples and the last level samples of iCE are used as candidate samples and the last level samples are regenerated along with the RVM updates. To prevent unnecessary updates of RVM, the proposed method considers the positions of the samples in the current design of experiment. In addition, based on the statistical properties of RVM and iCE, an error-based stopping criterion is proposed. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method were validated through four benchmark examples. Finally, the proposed method is applied to engineering problems which are working in extreme environment.
De novo proteins ESF1 and MIPEP promote luminal breast cancer proliferation and predict the patient’s prognosis
Authors: Yu Qing , Qu Chunhua , Liang Jinliang , Chen Peiqi , Zhang Kaiying , Zhang Yanji , Zhang Yuening , Li Zherui , Yang Zhaoshou , Sun Hongyan , Yang Anli
Published: February 2024

Background
Luminal breast cancer accounts for two-thirds of all breast cancers, and its early and late recurrences still threaten patients' long-term survival and quality of life. Finding candidate tumor antigens and potential therapeutic targets is critical to address this unmet need.
Method
Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis was employed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between luminal breast cancer and corresponding adjacent normal tissue. Candidate DEPs were screened by bioinformatic analyses, and their expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot. A series of in vitro experiments, including wound healing assay, colony formation, and cell cycle assay, were performed to reveal the functions of selected DEPs. Additionally, their clinical significances were further analyzed.
Result
A total of 369 DEPs (fold change ≥ 2.0 or ≤ 0.66, P < 0.05) were discovered. Compared with normal tissue, 358 proteins were up-regulated and 11 proteins were down-regulated in lumina breast cancer. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEPs were closely associated with apoptotic and metabolic pathways. STRING analysis found ESF1 and MIPEP were the de novo hub genes in breast cancer, whose increased expressions were verified by the IHC and western blot. Knocking down ESF1 and MIPEP inhibited colony formation and increased cell apoptosis. Besides, knocking down ESF1 inhibited wound healing but not MIPEP. In addition, ESF1 and MIPEP expression negatively correlated with patient prognosis and helped predict their immunotherapy efficacy.
Conclusion
The upregulation of ESF1 and MIPEP promoted luminal breast cancer proliferation, which might provide novel targets for the development of new therapies.
Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system mimicking degenerative cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Li Quan-Fu , Zhang Qing , Zhang Juan , Qi Guan-shu
Published: February 2024

Background
Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (SSCNS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by hemosiderin deposits on the surface of the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves. SSCNS is easily misdiagnosed and the etiology is unknown in some patients.
Case presentation:
We reported a 64-year-old Chinese male patient of SSCNS, who was diagnosed as neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxia for ten years. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) showed extensive hemosiderin deposits on brain surfaces. Spinal magnetic resonance hydrography revealed a dural defect and cerebrospinal fluid leak at the third thoracic vertebrae level. He received iron chelator (deferoxamine mesylate) and the neurological symptoms improved.
Conclusions
SSCNS is easily misdiagnosed at the early disease stage and SWI is sensitive to detect superficial siderosis. Iron chelator is a worthwhile drug treatment option for SSCNS.
Why Do Married Men Have a Wage Bargaining Premium? High-ability Selection or Gender Role
Authors: Wang Chen , Cao Juanjuan
Published: February 2024

Married men often earn higher incomes compared to their unmarried counterparts, prompting an investigation into whether this income disparity reflects differences in wage bargaining power. Utilizing data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and employing a two-tier stochastic frontier analysis, our study reveals that, on average, married individuals generally possess greater wage bargaining power than their unmarried counterparts. However, this effect is more nuanced for women, while manifesting differently for men. Specifically, married men exhibit a 3.6% greater wage bargaining power than unmarried men, a phenomenon we term the 'Married Male Wage Bargaining Premium.' Our results invalidate the prevailing belief that the selection of highly educated and intelligent men for marriage explains this premium. Instead, we propose the 'Selection of High-Ability Puzzle.' The wage bargaining advantages associated with marriage may be linked to the degree of specialization within the household, stemming from the endorsement of traditional gender roles that breadwinner-men while homemaker-women.
Educational Level of Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy Videos on Youtube™
Authors: Kayar Rıdvan , Kayar Kemal , Özsoy Emrah , Tokuç Emre , Çiçek Muhammet , Demir Selamettin , Topaktaş Ramazan
Published: February 2024

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the educational quality and appropriateness of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos on YouTube using the LAP-VEGaS criteria. It focuses on understanding the role of online resources in medical education and objectively assessing their quality.
Methods
A search was conducted on YouTube™ for "laparoscopic radical nephrectomy" on August 15, 2023, leading to the selection of the first 125 videos. Videos were chosen based on length (over 1 minute), content (laparoscopic radical nephrectomy), language (English), and non-industry sponsorship. The LAP-VEGaS criteria, encompassing 16 items under five main categories: video introduction, case presentation, procedures, outcomes, and educational content, were used for evaluation, assigning 0 or 1 point per criterion.
Results
Out of 100 videos meeting the criteria, they were divided into two groups: personal uploads by expert surgeons (Group-1) and institutional uploads by hospitals and organizations (Group-2). Group-2 videos had longer durations and higher LAP-VEGaS scores. The transperitoneal approach was preferred in 88% of the videos, and 84% were right laparoscopic nephrectomies. Group-2 had significantly higher LAP-VEGaS scores (6.3 ± 2.2) compared to Group-1 (4 ± 2.1) (p < 0,001). The number of videos published over the years increased, while LAP-VEGaS scores fluctuated.
Conclusion
Assessing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos on YouTube™ using the LAP-VEGaS criteria helped understand the role of online sources in medical education. Institutional uploads were found to be more successful in educational aspects, emphasizing the need for continuous quality review of online medical education materials. This study also guides how to evaluate and improve medical education materials on online platforms.
Adherence to and clinical utility of “Quality Indicators” for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia; a retrospective, multicenter study
Authors: Fukushima Shinnosuke , Hagiya Hideharu , Kuninaga Naoki , Haruki Yuto , Yamada Haruto , Iwamoto Yoshitaka , Yoshida Masayo , Sato Kota , Hanayama Yoshihisa , Tanaka Shuichi , Miyoshi Tomoko , Otsuka Yuki , Ueda Keigo , Otsuka Fumio
Published: February 2024

Background
We aimed to improve the prognosis, treatment, and management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) by evaluating the background and adherence to quality indicators (QIs) in patients with SAB.
Methods
We retrospectively collected clinical and microbiological data on hospitalized patients with SAB from 14 hospitals (three with > 600, two with 401–600, five with 201–400, and four with ≤ 200 beds) in Japan from January–December 2022. SAB management quality was evaluated by SAB-QI score (ranging 0–13 points) which consisted of thirteen QIs (grouped into five categories) based on previous literature.
Results
Of 4,448 positive blood culture episodes, 289 SAB cases (6.5%) were enrolled. SAB-QI score ranged 3–13, with a median of 9 points. The SAB-QI score was the highest in middle-sized hospitals with 401–600 beds. Adherences to each of four QI categories (Blood cultures, Echocardiography, Source control, and Antibiotic treatment) were significantly higher in survived cases than in fatal cases. Kaplan–Meier curves with log-rank tests demonstrated that higher adherence to SAB-QIs indicates a better prognosis.
Conclusions
Our study highlights that greater adherence to SAB-QIs correlates with improved patient outcomes. Management of patients with SAB should follow these recommended indicators to keep the quality of care.
MWCNTs/Ag-enhanced Molecularly Imprinted Resorcinol Polymer Voltammetric Sensing Platform for Dopamine Determination
Authors: Ren Shufang , Zhao Junpeng , Liu Xiaohang , Liu Yahui , Zhang Yuan , Zheng Zhixiang
Published: February 2024

The most prevalent catecholamine neurotransmitter of brain, dopamine (DA), is crucial to the operation of the hormone, blood vessel, and central nervous system systems. The effective determination of dopamine by means of advanced, efficient, and sensitive determination techniques has attracted much attention. This experiment designed and prepared a molecularly imprinted electroanalytical determination platform for the determination of DA. In this work, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were in-situ carried on the walls of multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNTs) using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a reducing agent. The CNTs/Ag/GCE altered electrode was prepared using a simple drop-casting method. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membranes towards recognizing DA molecules were prepared on altered electrode surfaces using electropolymerization using resorcinol as the functional unit and dopamine (DA) as the template molecule. The cooperative effect of Ag and CNTs boosted the conductivity as well as the electrocatalytic efficiency, thereby enhancing the sensitivity to electrochemical response of the platform and reducing the determination limit. After optimizing the parameters, including the proportion of templates to functional units, electropolymerization cycles, incubation time, and pH, the platform's linear determination range for DA was 0.008 - 0.1 μM and 3 - 100 μM, with a 0.003 μM determination limit. Additionally, the platform exhibits great selectivity, anti-interference, and reproducibility. The sample recovery rate for spiked real samples, urine and serum, was good. This study provides a reference for the extraction, separation, and determination of DA.
Development of a prognostic score for meningeal carcinomatosis in patients with advanced breast cancer
Authors: Narjoux Grégoire , Mainguené Juliette , Guilhaume Marie-Noëlle , Brenet Olivier , Borcoman Edith , Escalup Laurence , Salaun Hélène , Moreau Pauline , Bouyer Anne-Sophie , Cottu Paul
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Meningeal carcinomatosis carries a dismal prognosis in patients with breast cancer, and requires invasive therapies. The aim of the present retrospective study was to elaborate a prognostic score of overall survival in patients with breast cancer related meningeal carcinomatosis (MC).
Methods
109 patients with proven breast cancer MC, treated by at least one intrathecal (IT) injection of methotrexate or thiotepa at Institut Curie were retrospectively recorded from 2011 to 2019. We developed prognostic clinical scores for overall survival and 24-weeks survival.
Results
Diagnosis and evaluation of meningeal carcinomatosis appears based on a combination of clinical, imaging and laboratory studies. Three significant Overall Survival (OS) prognostic factors were identified. Clinical response or stabilization at one month of intrathecal therapy had a favorable independent prognostic value for both overall and 24-weeks survival. Additionally, baseline CSF Cyfra 21 − 1 level lower than 79 ng/mL in the cerebrospinal fluid and absence of 1-month cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) malignant cells carried a borderline favorable independent prognostic value for overall and 24-weeks survival, respectively. We constructed 2-class and 3-class prognostic scores for each outcome, identifying a very poor prognosis population.
Conclusions
To our knowledge it is the first study to develop a response-based prognosis score in patients with breast cancer related MC. This one month prognostic score may help to decide which patient could actually benefit from the prolongation of intrathecal therapy.
Kepraktisan dan Keefektifan Penggunaan E-LKPD Konteks Sosial Budaya Berbantuan Workbook GeoGebra terhadap Kemampuan Numerasi Peserta Didik pada Materi Limas
Authors: Sidik Zafar Muhamad , Susanto Susanto , Suwito Abi , Setiawan Toto Bara , Safrida Lela Nur
Published: February 2024

Numeracy is a person's ability to implement mathematics in the home, work and community environments. This research aims to measure the practicality and effectiveness of using E-LKPD in a socio-cultural context assisted by GeoGebra workbooks in improving students' numeracy skills in pyramid material. The type of research used was a quasi-experiment (Quasi-experiment) with research subjects 21 class VIII students at SMPN 1 Kalisat Jember. The practicality of E-LKPD is assessed from the results of student response questionnaires, while the effectiveness of E-LKPD is assessed from the results of students' numeracy ability tests. The use of E-LKPD is said to be practical if the average percentage of students' questionnaire responses is at least in the practical category, and effective if students' numeracy skills are at least in the medium category. Based on the practicality analysis, the results of the student response questionnaire regarding the use of E-LKPD obtained a percentage of 81.67% or were in the practical category. In addition, the use of E-LKPD shows an increase in students' numeracy skills on all numeracy indicators. This can be seen based on the results of the numeracy ability test which obtained an N-Gain score of 0.51 or at a medium effectiveness level. Therefore, the use of E-LKPD in a socio-cultural context with the help of GeoGebra workbooks is practical and effective for improving students' numeracy skills, especially in learning surface area and volume of pyramids.
Quantum current and holographic categorical symmetry
Authors: Lan Tian , Zhou Jing-Ren
Published: February 2024

We establish the formulation for quantum current. Given a symmetry group G, let \mathcal{C}𝒞:=Rep G be its representation category. Physically, symmetry charges are objects of \mathcal{C}𝒞 and symmetric operators are morphisms in \mathcal{C}𝒞. The addition of charges is given by the tensor product of representations. For any symmetric operator O crossing two subsystems, the exact symmetry charge transported by O can be extracted. The quantum current is defined as symmetric operators that can transport symmetry charges over an arbitrary long distance. A quantum current exactly corresponds to an object in the Drinfeld center Z_1(\mathcal{C})Z1(𝒞). The condition for quantum currents to be is also specified, which corresponds to condensation of anyons in one higher dimension. To express the local conservation, the internal hom must be used to compute the charge difference, and the framework of enriched category is inevitable. To illustrate these ideas, we develop a rigorous scheme of renormalization in one-dimensional lattice systems and analyse the fixed-point models. It is proved that in the fixed-point models, superconducting quantum currents form a Lagrangian algebra in Z_1(\mathcal{C})Z1(𝒞) and the boundary-bulk correspondence is verified in the enriched setting. Overall, the quantum current provides a natural physical interpretation to the holographic categorical symmetry.
A solvable model for graph state decoherence dynamics
Authors: Houdayer Jérôme , Landa Haggai , Misguich Grégoire
Published: February 2024

We present an exactly solvable toy model for the continuous dissipative dynamics of permutation-invariant graph states of NN qubits. Such states are locally equivalent to an NN-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, a fundamental resource in many quantum information processing setups. We focus on the time evolution of the state governed by a Lindblad master equation with the three standard single-qubit jump operators, the Hamiltonian part being set to zero. Deriving analytic expressions for the expectation values of observables expanded in the Pauli basis at all times, we analyze the nontrivial intermediate-time dynamics. Using a numerical solver based on matrix product operators, we simulate the time evolution for systems with up to 64 qubits and verify a numerically exact agreement with the analytical results. We find that the evolution of the operator space entanglement entropy of a bipartition of the system manifests a plateau whose duration increases logarithmically with the number of qubits, whereas all Pauli-operator products have expectation values decaying at most in constant time.
SMART TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT USING IOT
Authors:   Semester, Dept. of CS-Data Science & Engineering., U.R Shreyas ,   Student, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore - 83, Karnataka, India., T.G Nandan ,   Student, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore - 83, Karnataka, India., S. Nirmala ,   Prof., Dept. of CSE, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore - 83, Karnataka, India.
Published: February 2024

From year to year there is an extended in the number of vehicles on the road that causes heavy traffic. Traffic overcrowding is a growing that everyone is facing in their daily life. To avoid this traffic the manual traffic officer has not proven to be efficient. So, to decrease the traffic we will be using devices to control. The devices such as camera, laser sensor or ultra sonic sensor and raspberry pi. The laser sensor detects the automobiles as it can set signal time rely upon the quantity of vehicles on the road as it can control the traffic and this can be monitored by traffic police just by sitting in a place and they have supervisory role in this traffic management. The city should run smart without any hindrance by applying this kind of devices. The improper maintenance of road and potholes are major cause to road accident which may cause traffic on roads. The traffic overcrowding is because of the large density of automobiles that travels on the road as individuals use their vehicles for travelling short distances instead of using public transport which greatly reduce both pollution and traffic. A traffic management plan typically includes several elements such as identifying the type of traffic present, determining the routes they will take to prevent measures to control traffic flow in a place. Traffic jam fill the streets, road and cause emergency vehicle problem. Sometime it takes about 2 -3 signals time to travel just 1 km. So, this becomes every day routine if we dont take a preventive measure.
BIOCHARS FROM SLOW PYROLYSIS OF PEANUT SHELLS, CASHEW NUT SHELLS, AND MILLET STALKS AS VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS FOR BRIQUETTE PRODUCTION
Authors:   Universite Assane Seck, BP 523, Ziguinchor, Senegal., Bernard Himbane Philippe , Grand Ndiaye Lat ,   Universite Assane Seck, BP 523, Ziguinchor, Senegal.
Published: February 2024

Biomass is nowadays used for producing biochar briquettes through slow pyrolysis technologies namely for cooking purposes in developing countries. This article investigated some properties of biochar obtained from tropical biomasses like peanut shells, cashew nut shells, and millet stalks, pyrolyzed at 400 Â°C and 800 Â°C. Firstly the mass yield and energy yield of the biochar were determined. The main properties investigated were obtained by conducting proximate and ultimate analysis, determination of calorific value, FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that depending on the biomass and the pyrolysis temperature, the biochar yields varied from 20.26 % to 42.79 % while the energy yields varied from 24.24 % to 60.71 %. The highest yields are obtained with the lowest temperature and are all more important with peanut shells. All the biochars had fixed carbon contents greater than 60%, except biochar obtained at 400Â°C with millet stalks. The millet stalks biochar obtained at 400 Â°C was the one with the highest ash content (21.41%) and the lowest fixed carbon content (59.31%). It was observed that the more the pyrolysis temperature increased, the more the carbon content increased. The lower heating value of raw biomasses and biochars varied respectively between 18.36 and 22.51 MJ/kg and between 23.83 and 30.85 MJ/kg. FTIR analysis results showed that the O-H and C-O bonds disappeared in the case of biochars obtained at 800 Â°C. The reactivity of biochars towards O2 showed that for all biochars, ignition temperatures (Ti) were up to 317 Â°C and the temperatures at maximum mass loss rate were between 438 Â°C and 501 Â°C.
KERATOTIC LESIONS OF ORAL CAVITY
Authors: Barman Rupa
Published: February 2024

Lesions generally appear white intra orally for one of the several reasons like a thickened surface layer of keratin, an acanthotic epithelium or edematous epithelial cells. Exudates and adherent surface debris may also appear white. Identification of these lesions and making a definitive diagnosis using microscopic examination is extremely important, because some of these lesions may represent squamous cell carcinoma. This review lists the white lesions affecting the oral mucosa ranging from those that are genetically determined to those that are neoplastic and also highlights the specific features of each of these lesions.
USING FOURIER TRANSFER INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY TO ANALYSIS EFFECTS OF CADMIUM TREATMENT ON RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) SEEDLINGS
Authors:   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata-700114, West Bengal, India., Basak Prity , Ghosh Ankita ,   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata-700114, West Bengal, India., Biswas Dipshikha ,   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata-700114, West Bengal, India., Ghosh Soumi ,   University of Calcutta, Kolkata- 700073, West Bengal, India., Kumar Ghosh Rohit ,   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata-700114, West Bengal, India.
Published: February 2024

The present study is aimed to analyse the DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide) extract of shoots and roots of Oryza sativaL. (var IET 4786) through FTIR spectroscopy method. These studies contain different characteristic of the peak values with various functional compounds in the extracts. This analysis revealed the presence of different types of biomolecules in plant extracts. The FTIR analysis of DMSO leaf extracts of Oryza sativaL. confirmed the presence of alcohols, phenols, amides, alkanes, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, alkenes, aromatics, esters, alkyl halides and aliphatic amines compounds each of the functional group showed major peaks. This method was performed on a spectrophotometer system which was used to detect the characteristics peak values and their functional groups. In this present study, the FTIR spectrum profile for the plant Oryza sativa L. is generated andcan be used in the industry.
REHABILITATION OF BURN VICTIMS IN THE ACUTE PHASE
Authors:   Burns and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda., Koualla Sara , Lamtaouech Redouane ,   Plastic Surgery and Burns Department, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat., Aissam Mokfi Mohammed ,   Plastic Surgery and Burns Department, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat., Badaoui Zakaria ,   Plastic Surgery and Burns Department, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat., Khales Amine ,   Plastic Surgery and Burns Department, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat., Achbouk Abdelhafid ,   Plastic Surgery and Burns Department, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat., Ababou Karim ,   Plastic Surgery and Burns Department, Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat.
Published: February 2024

In the management of burns, the role of rehabilitation isessential, the rehabilitation program aims to obtain an orthopedic, functional, aesthetic andpsychological state as close as possible to the previous state. It must prevent hypertrophicscars and retractions, reduce stiffness and deformities to a minimum, promote healing andmaximize functional capacities. The techniques applied throughout the stages of care are complementary. They willcombine, to varying degrees, immobilization, postural installation, skin stretching, equipment,physical therapy and compression.The cooperation of the patient is essential it requires the therapists to take into accountall the problems and difficulties encountered by the patient, whether they are physical,psychological, socio-familial or professional. The aim of this work is to emphasize the importance of functional rehabilitation in thetherapeutic management of burned patients by allowing them a rapid social and professionalreintegration.
DEBULKING SURGERY: MANAGEMENT OF PENOSCROTAL LYMPHOEDEMA IN A NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASE AFFLICTING YOUNG MALE PATIENTS
Authors:   Assistant Professor of Shalyatantra, Department of Shalyatantra, Bhimashankar Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Manchar, Pune, Maharashtra, India., P. Karpe Jayshri
Published: February 2024

Lymphatic filariasis, caused by parasites such as Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and B. timori, remains a significant global health concern, leading to severe physical and psychosocial disabilities. This study provides an overview of lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, with a focus on its symptoms, detection methods, epidemiology, and risk factors. Despite efforts to eliminate the disease, LF remains prevalent in some regions, including India, presenting challenges exacerbated by factors such as climate change. This paper presents a case study of a young male patient suffering from massive penoscrotal lymphoedema due to microfilaria, highlighting the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, surgical intervention, and postoperative management.
ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN YOUNG FEMALE - A DIAGNOSIS OF EXCLUSION
Authors:   Resident, Emergency Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi., Mitra Manas , Govil Priya ,   Senior Consultant, Emergency Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi., Datta Kishalay ,   HOD, Emergency Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, Delhi.
Published: February 2024

ADEM, also known as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, is a rare neurological condition which has myriads of presentation. It is generally a diagnosis of exclusion in the department of emergency medicine. The patient presentation is varied and often missed on the initial neuroimaging. In this case report, we present to you a case of ADEM in a young female patient, the diagnosis challenge and the treatment in ADEM.
DEVELOPING MARKETS FOR STRESSED ASSETS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE, 2016
Authors: Ghai Vedika
Published: February 2024

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) stands as a transformative legal framework in the Indian financial landscape, revolutionising the resolution of distressed assets. This article delves into the multifaceted dimensions of stressed assets within the ambit of the IBC, offering a comprehensive analysis of its significance, challenges, and opportunities. Beginning with an elucidation of stressed asset categories and their emergence factors, the discourse traverses through the historical evolution of the problem, shedding light on regulatory responses. Through a meticulous examination, the article uncovers the intricacies of legal and operational hurdles confronting the development of stressed asset markets juxtaposed with promising prospects for investors and creditors. Furthermore, it underscores the pivotal role of governmental interventions in mitigating challenges and fostering a conducive environment for effective asset resolution. With insights drawn from legal expertise and empirical observations, this article serves as a valuable resource for stakeholders navigating the dynamic terrain of distressed asset management under the IBC, ultimately contributing to a robust financial ecosystem in India.
DECLARING THE BANKRUPTCY OF THE DECEASED IN ARAB LAWS
Authors:   Prince Sultan University - Riyadh., Abdel Hadi Etim Zubaida
Published: February 2024

A bankruptcy lawsuit is a procedural lawsuit to prove that a merchant has stopped paying a commercial debt due to a disturbance in his financial position, which exposes his creditors to danger, and to seize all his money in preparation for selling it to pay off the creditors debts. Therefore, it has economic and social effects. However, it guarantees the rights of creditors, even if the original is to declare the bankruptcy of the merchant who is unable to pay his debts. However, the question is: Is it permissible to file a bankruptcy lawsuit against the bankrupt merchant who is dead? Therefore, this study aimed to identify the legal procedures for declaring a deceased merchant bankrupt in Arab legislation. The study used the comparative descriptive analytical approach by tracking and analyzing the rules for declaring a dead merchant bankrupt. The most important recommendation is the necessity of presenting the judicial precedents related to the subject of the study to benefit from them.
MR IMAGING AND EVALUATION OF THE PITUITARY STALK: SIZE, SHAPE, AND ENHANCEMENT PATTERN
Authors:   Associate Professor of Radiology, Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Abdullah Alzahrani Yahea
Published: February 2024

Background: Knowing the normal imaging appearance of the pituitary stalk is essential for diagnosing pituitary infundibular lesions and a more accurate assessment of the stalk. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the normal pituitary stalk using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) at 1.5T. Materials and Methods: All images were obtained with a 1.5 T MR scanner using a dedicated pituitary MRI protocol. A total of 50 patients, with a gender distribution of 32 men and 18 women, were included in the study. Their ages ranged from 18 to 70 years, averaging 43 years. The diameter and length of the pituitary stalk were measured. The signal intensity and enhancement of the stalk were visually evaluated on pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted images. Results: The average anterior-posterior (AP) and transverse diameters of the pituitary stalk at the optic chiasm level were 3.19 Â± 0.48 mm and 3.25 Â± 0.46 mm, respectively. The average AP and transverse diameters of the pituitary stalk at the pituitary gland insertion were 1.93 Â± 0.38 mm and 1.95 Â± 0.40 mm, respectively. The length of the pituitary stalk was 6.35 Â± 1.63 mm. Compared to the optic chiasm and neurohypophysis,the stalk demonstrated hypointensity on unenhancedMR images. The enhancement of the pituitary stalk is observed in all cases. Conclusions: The study pinpointed key MRI criteria for evaluating the normal pituitary stalks size, shape, and how it takes up contrast dye. These details act as a roadmap for spotting and understanding pituitary gland issues.
ROLE OF MEDIA AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN SHAPING PUBLIC POLICY
Authors: Gupta Khushii
Published: February 2024

Public policy is an ever-evolving process influenced by a multitude of actors, with media and civil society playing pivotal roles. This research scrutinizes the intricate interplay between media, civil society, and public policy, emphasizing the hurdles posed by sensationalism, manipulation, and the rampant dissemination of unverified information in todays media environment. Through meticulous examination of case studies, this paper illuminates numerous instances where media outlets and civil society organizations have wielded substantial influence over the formulation and execution of public policies. These case studies serve as compelling illustrations of how media narratives and grassroots movements can shape policy agendas, foster societal change, and drive legislative reforms. By scrutinizing these examples, this paper aims to deepen our understanding of the complex dynamics at play in contemporary governance. Moreover, it underscores the imperative of addressing the challenges posed by media manipulation and disinformation while harnessing the transformative potential of civil society engagement in shaping more transparent, inclusive, and responsive policymaking processes.
Wastewater generation model to predict impacts of urine separation on wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Kleckers Jonas , Abadi Abbas , Brandherm Katrin Marie , Haberkamp Jens
Published: February 2024

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are under increasing pressure to enhance resource efficiency and reduce emissions into water bodies. The separation of urine within the catchment area may be an alternative to mitigate the need for costly expansions of central WWTPs. While previous investigations assumed a spatially uniform implementation of urine separation across the catchment area, the present study focuses on an adapted stochastic wastewater generation model, which allows the simulation of various wastewater streams (e.g., urine) on a household level. This enables the non-uniform separation of urine across a catchment area. The model is part of a holistic modelling framework to determine the influence of targeted urine separation in catchments on the operation and emissions of central WWTPs, which will be briefly introduced. The wastewater generation model is validated through an extensive sampling and measurement series. Results based on observed and simulated wastewater quantity and quality for a catchment area of 366 residents for two dry weather days indicate the suitability of the model for wastewater generation and transport modelling. Based on this, four scenarios for urine separation were defined. The results indicate a potential influence of spatial distribution on the peaks of total nitrogen and total phosphorus.
Bose Einstein Condensation of Excitons
Authors: Som Sunipa
Published: February 2024

The research on the Bose Einstein Condensation (BEC) of polaritons is of increasing
importance due to its many technological applications. Several experimental and theoretical
methods have been applied for the investigation on the BEC of excitons. Different experimental
procedures and theoretical methods have been discussed in this chapter. Current research
progress in this field and the applications of the BEC are also explained.
IoT-Botnet Detection and Mitigation for Smart Healthcare Systems using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Jayanthi S. , Valarmathi A.
Published: February 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) age is quickly evolving, with millions of
devices and many more intelligent systems, like healthcare. Attackers mostly aim for
these IoT devices. These devices are infected with malware, which turns them into bots
that are used by attackers to disrupt networks as well as steal important data. To
address this issue, efficient machine learning combined with appropriate feature
engineering is proposed to detect and protect the network against vulnerabilities. The
proposed model will detect Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS)-based botnet attacks
in the smart healthcare system. Hacktivists frequently use DDoS assaults to overwhelm
networks and make them unusable. For healthcare providers who depend on network
connections to enable efficient patient data access, this can be a serious problem. DDoS
attacks are motivated by a social, political, ideological, or economic motive tied to a
scenario that enrages cyber threat actors. Two modern Machine Learning (ML)
methods, including (i) Support Vector Machine (SVM) and (ii) Light Gradient
Boosting Machine (Light GBM), are used to validate the data set. From the extensive
experimental analysis, feature-based algorithms are superior to other competing models
in that they (i) have the highest detection rate with high accuracy, and (ii) have less
computational complexity with minimal training and test time.
Sustainable Development for Smart Healthcare using Privacy-preserving Blockchain-based FL Framework
Authors: Karthika Renuka D. , Anusuya R. , Ashok Kumar L.
Published: February 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods need to learn from an adequately large
dataset to achieve clinical-grade accuracy and validation, which is vital in the
healthcare field. However, sensitive medical data is usually fragmented, and not shared
due to security and patient privacy policies. In this context, our work aims at
classifying abdominal and chest radiographs by applying Federated Learning (FL)
without exchanging patient data. FL framework has been implemented on distributed
data across multiple clients. In the framework, a multilayer perceptron is used as a deep
learning model for the classification task. FL is a novel approach in which machine
learning models are built with the collaboration of multiple clients controlled by a
central server or service provider. FL model ensures data privacy and security by
retaining the training data decentralized. FL model provides security and privacy for
patients by training individual models in distributed clients and sharing merely the
model weights.
Smart Ambulance for Emergency Cases to be Reported to Hospitals at the Earliest using Deep Learning Algorithms and Blockchain-based Distributed Health Record Transactions for smart Cities
Authors: Kavitha V. , Pon Partheeban
Published: February 2024

The everyday eating habits and lifestyle choices that people make have a
significant impact on how long they live on the planet. Ancient people ate food that had
an acceptable ratio of fat, vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates, which helped them
live a long life. Nowadays, individuals live shorter lives and experience many crises
like heart attacks and mental despair that cause them to drive carelessly and cause
accidents. This is due to our current diets of junk food and style of life. For the people
and the individuals, this results in a tremendous loss. Here, saving people's lives
depends largely on the passage of time. The extent of the injury or the patient's
emergency situation, the amount of traffic that makes it difficult for the ambulance to
reach its destination, and the hospital's capacity to accept patients and save lives are
just a few of the many factors that affect the time limitations. In the current situation,
hospitals are using the available services to meet time restrictions, which correctly
route the ambulance. The main disadvantage of this system is that hospitals handle all
the data, making it easy to tamper with medical records and risk losing the integrity of
the data. The goal of intelligent ambulances is to forecast the shortest amount of time
needed to admit the patient to the local hospitals that have the resources to care for
them, preventing the need to transfer patients to other hospitals, as well as to determine
the most efficient route to the destination. The patient's life can be saved as a result.
The aforementioned can be accomplished by using a deep learning algorithm to predict
the injury and the time limit to admit the patient to the hospital, matching the injury
with the treatment options available in the hospital and mapping the appropriate
hospital, as well as by finding the quickest route with the least amount of traffic to get
to the destination within the allotted time limit, giving first aid in the ambulance, and
handling the data transfer of health records in a secure manner. Therefore, in a smart
city, the smart ambulance can quickly save lives.