bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The browser extension guidance for online information searching
Authors: Efendioğlu Esra , Sendurur Emine
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to develop and test a browser extension as a scaffolding tool to guide learners about evaluating online sources.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 129 undergraduate students participated in this experimental study. Both groups completed two Web searching tasks, but the experimental group used a browser extension.

Findings

The results indicated that there are significant differences between groups in terms of the number of accurate sources and visited sites. There were no differences neither in the success status nor the access time. The browser extension guidance affected certain search parameters, but this effect seemed to be diminished in accordance with students’ cognitive abilities as well as their digital literacy levels.

Research limitations/implications

The participants were from a vocational school, so any other study with different participants might reveal different findings.

Practical implications

The browser extension is convenient to be used with regards to interface and instructions. It can serve as a self-training tool with small changes in the code. The intervals and types of messages can be customized in line with the users’ needs.

Social implications

The approach used in this study can contribute to the dissemination of misleading information on the Web. People of any age can use and benefit from this approach via a simple extension.

Originality/value

The extension can serve as a fundamental framework for the construction of adaptive or smart extensions. As this study revealed the importance of both cognitive abilities and digital literacy levels, the extension can be enriched with the inclusion of cognitive scaffolding.
Customer influence on frontline employee work engagement
Authors: Yoo Jaewon , Chen Jing , Frankwick Gary L.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to employ conservation of resources (COR) theory to explain how customer support, customer power, customer orientation (CO) and product complexity impact frontline employees (FLEs) work engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze data collected from 1,620 South Korean insurance salespeople using an on-line survey.

Findings

Results show that customer support, customer power and CO will bring more FLEs work engagement, and product complexity negatively dilutes the work engagement gained from customer support.

Practical implications

The results of this study suggest that firms should encourage FLEs to share their experiences and tactics in dealing with customer power and stimulate supportive customer behaviors. Since complex products, particularly financial products, require more explanation and information exchange for customers to understand them, managers might include simulations, videos and role-playing in training programs to show salespeople how to handle customers when attempting to sell these products.

Originality/value

This study investigates the effects of customer cognitive and emotional support on FLEs work engagement and also empirically demonstrates the positive effects of customer power.
Do international paid remittances hinder the financial development of GCC host countries?
Authors: Alshubiri Faris , Jamil Syed
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The present study aims to compare the effect of international paid remittances on financial development in three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 1985 to 2020.

Design/methodology/approach

The study applied the bound cointegration technique and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method for long- and short-run estimations as well as diagnostic tests to increase robustness.

Findings

The ARDL long-run results showed that international paid remittances had a significant negative effect on financial development in Oman and Saudi Arabia but an insignificant negative effect in Bahrain. The error correction model for the short run of the ARDL slowdown model showed that international paid remittances had a significant positive effect on financial development in Oman, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia.

Originality/value

Few studies have examined remittance outflows from GCC countries, which are enriched by oil wealth and located in one of the most stable geographical areas in the world. The findings from this study can help policymakers understand how to enable remittances and investments in order to establish regulations that will preserve remittance inflows and meet target services.
Risk transmission between equity market of China and its trading partners: new evidence from various financial crises
Authors: Younis Ijaz , Yousaf Imran , Shah Waheed Ullah , Longsheng Cheng
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The authors examine the volatility connections between the equity markets of China and its trading partners from developed and emerging markets during the various crises episodes (i.e. the Asian Crisis of 1997, the Global Financial Crisis, the Chinese Market Crash of 2015 and the COVID-19 outbreak).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the GARCH and Wavelet approaches to estimate causalities and connectedness.

Findings

According to the findings, China and developed equity markets are connected via risk transmission in the long term across various crisis episodes. In contrast, China and emerging equity markets are linked in short and long terms. The authors observe that China leads the stock markets of India, Indonesia and Malaysia at higher frequencies. Even China influences the French, Japanese and American equity markets despite the Chinese crisis. Finally, these causality findings reveal a bi-directional causality among China and its developed trading partners over short- and long-time scales. The connectedness varies across crisis episodes and frequency (short and long run). The study's findings provide helpful information for portfolio hedging, especially during various crises.

Originality/value

The authors examine the volatility connections between the equity markets of China and its trading partners from developed and emerging markets during the various crisis episodes (i.e. the Asian Crisis of 1997, the Global Financial Crisis, the Chinese Market Crash of 2015 and the COVID-19 outbreak). Previously, none of the studies have examined the connectedness between Chinese and its trading partners' equity markets during these all crises.
Analyzing the impact of positive and negative remittance inflow shocks on economic growth of India
Authors: Khan Imran
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the impact of remittance inflows on sustained economic growth in India.

Design/methodology/approach

This study has taken a time series dataset for the period of 1976–2021, and a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model technique (NARDL) has been applied to check the impact of remittance inflows along with other control variables, including broad money and service sector performance, on the sustained economic growth of India.

Findings

The results of the study indicated that in both the short and long runs, any positive shock in remittance inflows has a positive impact on the economic growth of India, while negative shocks do not affect economic growth.

Practical implications

The economic policymakers of India can use the findings of the study by implementing remittance-friendly policies. Moreover, NITI Aayog, the body working toward achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in India, can also use this study as a reference while making strategies to achieve SDG.

Originality/value

Economic growth has always been an area of interest among economists, researchers and policymakers. However, achieving sustained economic growth requires an analysis of those factors that themselves have sustained performance over a long period of time and have the potential to sustain it over the upcoming years. This study has taken remittance inflows as one such factor and investigated its impact on the sustained economic growth of India. At present, there is an evident gap in the literature that very little attention has been given to sustained Indian economic growth. Moreover, there is no study available in which the nonlinear impact of different variables has been tested on the economic growth of India.
Establishing community and school libraries: African Library Project experience
Authors: Nakitare Joel , Ombima Meave , Achayo Irene
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to disseminate the lessons learned from the African Library Project (ALP), which has worked in collaboration with more than 1,500 partners to stock 3,762 community and school libraries in 13 African countries with more than 3,883,082 books. Hopefully, these lessons will help other decision-makers and practitioners in different contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on the authors’ implementation experience and secondary data the project has collected since its commencement.

Findings

The paper identified the following best practices that other organizations can adopt to enhance or establish additional school and community libraries: the application and book-receiving process, using collaboration, partnerships and volunteerism to mobilize resources are just a few best practices that have been highlighted. Use of student and teacher librarians in the absence of professional librarians, as well as materials and forums for increasing capacity among teachers and community librarians.

Practical implications

Other stakeholders in developing countries can replicate the ALP best practices to set up and run school and community libraries.

Originality/value

Although many individuals and organizations are involved in promoting literacy activities, no particular framework guides the process. This paper summarizes ALP best practices that can inform a framework that can guide the practice.
Framework to evaluate sustainable supply chain intensity index in MSMEs using analytic network process and fuzzy logic
Authors: Panigrahi Swayam Sampurna , Bahinipati Bikram Kumar , Sarmah Sarada Prasad
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The Indian micro small and medium scale enterprises (MSMEs) are potential suppliers to the original equipment manufacturers (OEM). The implementation of sustainable supply chain practices (SSCPs) enhances the chances of developing a long-term partnership with these OEMs.

Design/methodology/approach

A hybrid framework of analytical network process (ANP) and fuzzy logic (FL) is developed for implementing SSCPs in Indian MSMEs. This model has been validated through a case study.

Findings

The study has identified several critical success factors (CSFs) for the implementation of SSCPs in MSMEs. This study has observed that Government regulation is the most important CSF for the implementation of SSCP in Indian MSMEs followed by management support and policy framework.

Originality/value

The article presents a mechanism, i.e. an adaptability test that enables the OEM decision-makers to assess the suitability of an MSME for a long-term partnership.
Stability evaluation method of large cross-section tunnel considering modification of thickness-span ratio in mechanized operation
Authors: Zhang Junru , Liu Yumeng , Yan Bo
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to research the large cross-section tunnel stability evaluation method corrected after considering the thickness-span ratio.

Design/methodology/approach

First, taking the Liuyuan Tunnel of Huanggang-Huangmei High-Speed Railway as an example and taking deflection of the third principal stress of the surrounding rock at a vault after tunnel excavation as the criterion, the critical buried depth of the large section tunnel was determined. Then, the strength reduction method was employed to calculate the tunnel safety factor under different rock classes and thickness-span ratios, and mathematical statistics was conducted to identify the relationships of the tunnel safety factor with the thickness-span ratio and the basic quality (BQ) index of the rock for different rock classes. Finally, the influences of thickness-span ratio, groundwater, initial stress of rock and structural attitude factors were considered to obtain the corrected BQ, based on which the stability of a large cross-section tunnel with a depth of more than 100 m during mechanized operation was analyzed. This evaluation method was then applied to Liuyuan Tunnel and Cimushan No. 2 Tunnel of Chongqing Urban Expressway for verification.

Findings

This study shows that under different rock classes, the tunnel safety factor is a strict power function of the thickness-span ratio, while a linear function of the BQ to some extent. It is more suitable to use the corrected BQ as a quantitative index to evaluate tunnel stability according to the actual conditions of the site.

Originality/value

The existing industry standards do not consider the influence of buried depth and span in the evaluation of tunnel stability. The stability evaluation method of large section tunnel considering the correction of overburden span ratio proposed in this paper achieves higher accuracy for the stability evaluation of surrounding rock in a full or large-section mechanized excavation of double line high-speed railway tunnels.
Longitudinal patterns of abundance, diversity and functional feeding guilds of benthic communities in East African tropical high‐altitude streams
Authors: Benjamin Joshua M. , Abuya Doreen , Omollo Beryl , Merimba Charles
Published: May 2023

In temperate and tropical rivers, macroinvertebrates are commonly utilised for biological monitoring. Therefore, it is important to understand their functional feeding guilds and assemblage structure. However, there have been few studies in high‐altitude rivers in East Africa aimed at assessing macroinvertebrate functional guilds. In this study, we examined the macroinvertebrate assemblage characteristics using abundance/diversity metrics and the functional feeding groups (FFGs). We collected physicochemical data and macroinvertebrate samples at seven sites along the Gura River and three sites on the Sagana River. Dissolved oxygen concentration, water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, ammonia, and soluble reactive phosphorus showed significant differences among the sites (p < 0.05). A total of 32 families belonging to 11 orders of macroinvertebrates were collected during the study period. Overall, scrapers were the most abundant FFG, dominated by Heptageniidae (Afronurus). Collector filters and collector gatherers were the second most abundant, while shredders and predators exhibited the least relative abundance. Across all the dominant orders, macroinvertebrate abundance decreased from upstream to downstream sites, with upstream sites exhibiting high diversity and abundance of Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Trichoptera taxa. Furthermore, the FFGs in this study differed widely from the River Continuum Concept predictions. Our findings provide crucial understanding of macroinvertebrate assemblage characteristics in high‐altitude rivers. Thus, this study provides additional evidence on the high abundance and diversity of Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera taxa in tropical rivers.
Gastrojejunostomy as a treatment for gastric outflow disorders in four adult horses
Authors: Brabon A , Labens R , Ramachandran A , Dart AJ , Dowling BA
Published: May 2023

Four adult horses with histories of moderate abdominal pain and inappetence were diagnosed with delayed gastric emptying and gastric impaction attributed to pyloroduodenal obstruction (three cases) or duodenitis (one case). A stapled side‐to‐side gastrojejunostomy was performed on all horses. Two horses returned to work and survived ≥3 years. One horse was euthanased 6 months post‐surgery due to recurrent abdominal pain, and one was found dead 5 months postsurgery after an unattended foaling.
Group CBT for men with intellectual disabilities and/or autism who have harmful sexual behaviour
Authors: Murphy Glynis H. , Sinclair Neil , Melvin Clare , Langdon Peter E.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Men with intellectual disabilities and/or autism sometimes engage in harmful sexual behaviour (HSB), but it may be harder for them to access treatment, than it is for non‐disabled men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of attending an adapted CBT group, known as SOTSEC‐ID, on men with intellectual disabilities and/or autism who had HSB.

Method

Ninety‐eight men from intellectual disability services, who had ID and/or autism and a history of HSB were recruited, and they received group CBT for a year (46 of these men have been previously reported). Harmful sexual behaviour, sexual knowledge, distorted cognitions and victim empathy were measured before and after treatment, and at 6 month follow‐up.

Results

There were low levels of further harmful sexual behaviour: 12% of men engaged in further HSB during the 1‐year period of the group, and 8% engaged in further HSB in the 6‐month follow‐up period. There were also significant improvements in sexual knowledge, distorted cognitions and victim empathy following treatment, maintained at 6‐month follow‐up. Men with autism showed significantly more non‐contact HSB, were less likely to have been interviewed by police and had higher rates of further HSB, compared to men without autism.

Conclusions

It is concluded that SOTSEC‐ID is a promising treatment for men with ID/autism and HSB. Nevertheless, the study had a number of limitations and lacked a control group, so there is now an urgent need for a proper controlled study.
Impoverished language in early childhood affects the development of complex sentence structure
Authors: Mayberry Rachel I. , Hatrak Marla , Ilbasaran Deniz , Cheng Qi , Huang Yaqian , Hall Matt L.
Published: May 2023

The hypothesis that impoverished language experience affects complex sentence structure development around the end of early childhood was tested using a fully randomized, sentence‐to‐picture matching study in American Sign Language (ASL). The participants were ASL signers who had impoverished or typical access to language in early childhood. Deaf signers whose access to language was highly impoverished in early childhood (N = 11) primarily comprehended structures consisting of a single verb and argument (Subject or Object), agreeing verbs, and the spatial relation or path of semantic classifiers. They showed difficulty comprehending more complex sentence structures involving dual lexical arguments or multiple verbs. As predicted, participants with typical language access in early childhood, deaf native signers (N = 17) or hearing second‐language learners (N = 10), comprehended the range of 12 ASL sentence structures, independent of the subjective iconicity or frequency of the stimulus lexical items, or length of ASL experience and performance on non‐verbal cognitive tasks. The results show that language experience in early childhood is necessary for the development of complex syntax.

Research Highlights

Previous research with deaf signers suggests an inflection point around the end of early childhood for sentence structure development.

Deaf signers who experienced impoverished language until the age of 9 or older comprehend several basic sentence structures but few complex structures.

Language experience in early childhood is necessary for the development of complex sentence structure.
The impact of upper extremity impairments on work and everyday life of people with type 1 diabetes—A nationwide controlled study
Authors: Wagner Sabina , Nørgaard Kirsten , Willaing Ingrid , Olesen Kasper , Andersen Henrik U.
Published: May 2023

Aims

The study objective was to explore how upper extremity impairments (UEIs) affect the everyday life and work‐life of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to compare them to a control group without T1D to determine if there are diabetes‐specific consequences of UEIs.

Methods

In a controlled cross‐sectional study, a survey was distributed across all regions of Denmark. A total of 2174 people with T1D and 827 controls were included in the study population. The survey addressed UEI symptoms, employment status, functional disability, mental well‐being and diabetes distress. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic and linear regression.

Results

Upper extremity impairments were associated with a higher rate of work absence and modification, but no more so for people with T1D than for the control group. Among people with T1D, UEIs were significantly associated with worse mental well‐being and diabetes distress, and across all outcomes including functional disability, additive effects were found with an increasing number of coexisting impairments. The impact of UEIs on functional disability was more severe for the T1D group than the control group, but this was primarily due to differences in the number of coexisting impairments.

Conclusions

Upper extremity impairments have significant negative implications for the work‐life and everyday life of people with T1D, and interventions to reduce UEIs and their impact among this group are highly relevant.
Incidence and risk factors associated with seizures in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Freund Brin E. , Sanchez‐Boluarte Sofia S. , Blackmon Karen , Day Gregory S. , Lin Michelle , Khan Aafreen , Feyissa Anteneh M. , Middlebrooks Erik H. , Tatum William O.
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cause of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), which is a risk factor for seizures. The incidence and risk factors of seizures associated with a heterogeneous cohort of CAA patients have not been studied.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of patients with CAA treated at Mayo Clinic Florida between 1 January 2015 and 1 January 2021. CAA was defined using the modified Boston criteria version 2.0. We analyzed electrophysiological and clinical features, and comorbidities including lobar ICH, nontraumatic cortical/convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH), superficial siderosis, and inflammation (CAA with inflammation [CAA‐ri]). Cognition and mortality were secondary outcomes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine risk of seizures relative to clinical presentation.

Results

Two hundred eighty‐four patients with CAA were identified, with median follow‐up of 35.7 months (interquartile range = 13.5–61.3 months). Fifty‐six patients (19.7%) had seizures; in 21 (37.5%) patients, seizures were the index feature leading to CAA diagnosis. Seizures were more frequent in females (p = 0.032) and patients with lobar ICH (p = 0.002), cSAH (p = 0.030), superficial siderosis (p < 0.001), and CAA‐ri (p = 0.005), and less common in patients with microhemorrhage (p = 0.006). After controlling for age and sex, lobar ICH (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1–4.2), CAA‐ri (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.4–10.3), and superficial siderosis (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.9–7.0) were independently associated with higher odds of incident seizures.

Conclusions

Seizures are common in patients with CAA and are independently associated with lobar ICH, CAA‐ri, and superficial siderosis. Our results may be applied to optimize clinical monitoring and management for patients with CAA.
Constructing composite scores for contemporaneous behaviors: A comparison of four approaches
Authors: Kramer Matthew , Weldon Paul J.
Published: May 2023

Composite scores, where the results of two or more measures are combined, are commonly used in many fields, including ethology. Composite scores can simplify the analysis and interpretation of data while capturing the salient features of the underlying latent variable(s) approximated by the score. Here we outline four approaches for constructing composite scores in ethological studies: ad hoc (AH) assignment, discriminant analysis (DA), principal components analysis (PCA), and partial least squares (PLS). We give examples of each using previously published data from a study of responses of lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum) to several deterrent phytochemicals. In most cases, researchers construct AH composite scores by subjectively assigning weights and signs to the behavioral components; unity weighting constrains weights to −1 or 1 on standardized variables. Because the weights and signs of the coefficients are subjectively assigned, AH scores may generate a spurious result. DA can be used to construct composite behavioral scores when there are clearly defined treatments or preference tests using distinct stimuli. The DA score created consists of orthogonal variables that capture the variability in the behavioral measures most closely aligned with the differences among treatment or stimuli variables. This approach assumes that subjects discriminate treatment or stimuli differences, but may not manifest clear overt behavior that they are able to do so; it reduces dimensionality, usually to a single axis, representing the underlying latent variable of interest. The PCA approach is similar to DA except that the composite score is created independently of treatment or stimuli variables. Thus, this method can be used to investigate possible relationships between a composite score and any relevant independent variable, perhaps measured asynchronously with the behaviors. PLS is a multivariate method related to DA and PCA and is also used to create latent orthogonal variables. However, these new variables are constructed to maximize correlation with one or more continuous independent variables. Creation of a composite score requires the researcher to consider not only the method used to create it, but, at an earlier stage in the research, which behaviors should be components and how best to measure them.
A novel coarse‐to‐fine computational method for three‐dimensional landmark detection to perform hard‐tissue cephalometric analysis
Authors: Yadav Kusum , Al‐Dhlan Kawther A. , Alreshidi Hamad A. , Dhiman Gaurav , Viriyasitavat Wattana Golf , Almankory Abdullah Zaid , Ramana Kadiyala , Vimal S. , Rajinikanth Venkatesan
Published: May 2023

Cephalometric analysis has an important and essential role to treat the patients with craniofacial and dentofacial deformities. Cephalometric analysis is a relationship of human geometry which can be quantified and derived from the linear and angular measurements. To treat any patient, such analysis is required to be performed on the Head X‐ray image of the patient. The objective of the proposed work is to detect cephalometric landmarks automatically on CT (computational tomography) images. Twenty cephalometric landmarks were automatically localized on 100 CT scans using hybrid coarse‐to‐fine computational method. The mean error for landmark detection was computed as 2.88 mm and standard deviation of 1.85 mm. The highest detection rate for cephalometric landmarks was received as 100% for Nasion landmark under 4‐mm error and the highest detection rate was received as 99% for Nasion landmark under 3‐mm error. The less number of datasets were used for the training and higher number of datasets were used for the testing. Compared to the literature methods, our method used higher number of datasets to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method.
CD24 targeting with NK‐CAR immunotherapy in testis, prostate, renal and (luminal‐type) bladder cancer and identification of direct CD24 interaction partners
Authors: Söhngen Christian , Thomas David J. , Skowron Margaretha A. , Bremmer Felix , Eckstein Markus , Stefanski Anja , Driessen Marc D. , Wakileh Gamal A. , Stühler Kai , Altevogt Peter , Theodorescu Dan , Klapdor Rüdiger , Schambach Axel , Nettersheim Daniel
Published: May 2023

Alternative therapeutic options targeting urologic malignancies, such as germ cell tumours, as well as urothelial, renal and prostate carcinomas, are still urgently needed. The membrane protein CD24 represents a promising immunotherapeutical approach. The present study aimed to decipher the molecular function of CD24 in vitro and evaluate the cytotoxic capacity of a third‐generation natural killer (NK) cell chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against CD24 in urologic tumour cell lines. Up to 20 urologic tumour cell lines and several non‐malignant control cells were included. XTT viability assays and annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry analyses were performed to measure cell viability and apoptosis rates, respectively. Co‐immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry analyses identified direct interaction partners of CD24. Luciferase reporter assays were used to functionally validate transactivation of CD24 expression by SOX2. N‐ and O‐glycosylation of CD24 were evaluated by enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry. The study demonstrates that SOX2 transactivates CD24 expression in embryonal carcinoma cells. In cells of different urological origins, CD24 interacted with proteins involved in cell adhesion, ATP binding, phosphoprotein binding and post‐translational modifications, such as histone acetylation and ubiquitination. Treatment of urological tumour cells with NK‐CD24‐CAR cells resulted in a decreased cell viability and apoptosis induction specifically in CD24+ tumour cells. Limitations of the study include the in vitro setting, which still has to be confirmed in vivo. In conclusion, we show that CD24 is a promising novel target for immune therapeutic approaches targeting urologic malignancies.
Examining how study teams manage different viewpoints and priorities in patient‐centered outcomes research: Results of an embedded multiple case study
Authors: Maurer Maureen E. , Hilliard‐Boone Tandrea , Frazier Karen , Forsythe Laura , Mosbacher Rachel , Carman Kristin L.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Limited evidence exists about which patient and stakeholder engagement practices support or hinder study teams as they negotiate different viewpoints in decisions about the design and conduct of patient‐centered outcomes research.

Methods

We applied a multiple‐embedded descriptive case study design for six studies funded by the Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). We interviewed 32 researchers and stakeholder partners, including patients, caregivers and clinicians, and reviewed documents related to each study (e.g., publications, and progress reports submitted to PCORI).

Findings

Overall, researchers reported that incorporating different viewpoints was a strength or opportunity to learn rather than something to be avoided or dreaded. Across cases, different viewpoints and priorities, often related to ethical or pragmatic considerations, emerged between researchers and stakeholders, between stakeholder groups (e.g., patients and clinicians) or within groups (e.g., amongst researchers). Examples of navigating different viewpoints arose across study phases. The length of time to resolve issues depended on how strongly people disagreed and the perceived importance or impact of decisions on the study. All cases used collaborative decision‐making approaches, often described as consensus, throughout the study. Interviewees described consensus as using negotiation, compromise or working towards an agreeable decision. To encourage consensus, cases actively facilitated group discussions with an openness to diverse opinions, remained flexible and open to trying new things, referenced a ground rule or common goal and delegated decisions to partners or smaller workgroups. When viewpoints were not easily resolved, cases used different approaches to reach final decisions while maintaining relationships with partners, such as elevating decisions to leadership or agreeing to test out an approach. No one engagement structure (e.g., advisory group, coinvestigator) stood out as better able to manage different viewpoints. Teams adjusted engagement structures and behaviours to facilitate an overall culture of inclusion and respect. Partners acknowledged the intentional efforts of researchers to incorporate their perspectives, navigate challenges and communicate the value of partner input.

Conclusion

By using collaborative decision‐making in the early stages and throughout the study, researchers built trust with partners so that when decisions were difficult to resolve, partners still felt listened to and that their input mattered.

Patient or Public Contribution

Members of the PCORI Patient Engagement Advisory Panel in 2019–2020 provided input into the design of the study, including the research questions and approaches to data collection and analysis.
The utility of the [−2]pro‐prostate‐specific antigen level as a prognostic marker in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide
Authors: Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Hori Keisuke , Tsuji Yusuke , Sekine Yoshitaka , Arai Seiji , Fujizuka Yuji , Nomura Masashi , Koike Hidekazu , Matsui Hiroshi , Suzuki Kazuhiro
Published: May 2023

Background

The prostate health index (phi) derived using [−2]pro‐prostate‐specific antigen (p2PSA), a precursor of PSA, has been shown to predict cancer in the gray zone. However, the utility of p2PSA in predicting outcomes for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the usefulness of p2PSA in predicting the efficacy and prognosis of enzalutamide treatment in CRPC patients.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study of CRPC patients treated with enzalutamide at our institution, measuring p2PSA levels in 98 pre‐treatment serum samples. All patients were divided into two groups based on the median values of each parameter. The PSA progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Gunma University Hospital (IRB No. 2021‐092, 1983).

Results

The median PSA level before enzalutamide treatment was 25.59 ng/mL, the median p2PSA level was 208.75 pg/mL, and the median phi was 187.95. PSA, p2PSA, and phi were not all predictors of PSA‐PFS. However, the OS was significantly better in the low‐value groups (log‐rank p‐values of PSA, p2PSA, and phi were 0.024, 0.034, and 0.018, respectively). In the docetaxel (DOC)‐naive group (n = 58), PSA was not a predictor of OS, but p2PSA and phi were significantly associated with better OS in the low group. This relationship was not observed in the DOC‐treated group.

Conclusions

Our study elucidates the usefulness of p2PSA in predicting outcomes for CRPC patients treated with enzalutamide. It suggests that p2PSA and phi may be prognostic markers after enzalutamide administration in CRPC patients.
Key aspects of teaching that affect perceived preparedness of medical students for transition to work: insights from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chan Joel Ern Zher , Hakendorf Paul , Thomas Josephine Suzanne
Published: May 2023

Background

The self‐perceived preparedness of medical students to transition into practising junior doctors has implications for patient safety, graduate well‐being and development of professional identity.

Aims

To examine the impact of changes to final‐year education and placements and determine key elements that contribute to self‐perceived preparedness for transition to work.

Methods

An online survey among final‐year medical students at one Australian medical school in 2020 (the cohort most affected by the coronarvirus disease 2019 [COVID‐19] pandemic), exploring overall self‐perceived preparedness and specific competencies, including questions in previous Australian Medical Council/Medical Board of Australia annual national surveys. Quantitative and qualitative content analyses were performed.

Results

Thirty‐three percent of eligible participants completed the survey. There was a significant decline in overall self‐perceived preparedness among participants (mean preparedness, 3.55 ± 0.88) compared with 2019 graduates from the same medical school (mean preparedness, 4.28 ± 0.64, P < 0.001) and the national average (mean preparedness, 3.81 ± 0.93, P = 0.04). There was a decline in self‐perceived preparedness for all specific competencies, with complex competencies more greatly affected. Qualitative content analysis of free text responses identified limitations of an online compared with a face‐to‐face formal education program and specific aspects of placements, which contribute to perceived preparedness.

Conclusion

The current study highlights key aspects of clinical placements and formal teaching programs that contribute to perceptions of preparedness for transition to clinical practice. Relevant experiential learning in the clinical setting, opportunities for deliberate practice of necessary skills (in simulation and the clinical setting) and reflective opportunities from formal teaching programs contribute to perceived preparedness and are important elements to be included in the final phase of any medical program.
Rights for all? Living conditions and (de)citizenship of adults with intellectual and complex disabilities in Portugal
Authors: Pinto Paula Campos , Fontes Fernando , Neca Patrícia , Bento Sofia , Alves Joana Pimentel
Published: May 2023

Background

In 2009, Portugal ratified the UN CRPD and a turn to a rights‐based approach in disability law and policy has intensified since. It thus becomes important to understand whether these legal changes are furthering the social inclusion of adults with intellectual and complex disabilities.

Method

Questionnaires were applied to a stratified sample of 127 adults with intellectual and complex disabilities attending social care and vocational training programmes across the country.

Results

Participants reported low rates of social participation, and many (49%) were found to live below the poverty line. High rates of discrimination and violence and feelings of loneliness and sadness were also reported, which can be strong indicators of the oppression that many of them daily endure.

Conclusion

Adults with intellectual and complex disabilities in Portugal face exclusion, discrimination, and violence. The poverty and isolation in which many of them live compounds their (de)citizenship status in Portuguese society.
Hospital outcomes and costs for prostate cancer patients with comorbid heart failure by age group: An analysis of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Authors: Yu Anthony , Thaliffdeen Ryan , Park Sun‐Kyeong , Park Chanhyun
Published: May 2023

Rationale, Aims, and Objectives

The prevalence of patients hospitalized with comorbid prostate cancer (PC) and heart failure (HF) has been steadily increasing. Both diseases share a set of common risk factors, with the most prominent being age. This study aimed to examine the outcomes and costs for patients with comorbid PC and HF, stratified by age.

Methods

We analyzed 41,340 hospitalization events of patients with PC using the US National Inpatient Sample from 2015 to 2018. Associations of HF with in‐hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and hospital costs per hospitalization were measured using multivariable logistic regression, negative binomial regression, and generalized linear regression with log‐link and gamma distribution, respectively, controlling for covariates. Subgroup analyses were performed for age groups <65 and ≥65.

Results

Visits of comorbid HF patients made up 2.3% (n = 952) of the PC study sample. Compared with PC patients without HF, those with HF had higher in‐hospital mortality rates (odds ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96–1.84, p = 0.085), longer hospital stays (incidence rate ratio = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.21–1.44, p < 0.001), and higher hospital costs (cost ratio = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.07–1.27, p = 0.001), controlling for covariates. On average, this amounted to a higher in‐hospital mortality rate of 2.10%, an increased LOS of 1.73 days, and higher hospital costs of $2110 per patient. While in‐hospital mortality did not differ significantly in patients aged <65 (p = 0.900), patients aged ≥65 had a 41% increased risk of in‐hospital mortality compared with those without HF (p = 0.047).

Conclusions

In comparison to those without HF, PC patients with comorbid HF showed higher rates of in‐hospital mortality, LOS, and hospital costs, with mortality showing a significant difference exclusively in the ≥65 population. Effective management of older patients with PC is needed to improve outcomes and decrease costs.
Treasury return predictability and investor sentiment
Authors: Gu Chen , Guo Xu , Adikaram Ruwan , Chan Kam C. , Lu Jing
Published: May 2023

We document that the Treasury market investor sentiment (TSENT) of institutional investors is a powerful predictor of bond risk premia. Specifically, TSENT positively predicts Treasury bond excess returns in and out of sample. The forecasting gains of TSENT are incremental to those in conventional bond return predictors: Fama–Bliss forward spreads, Cochrane–Piazzesi forward rate factor, and Ludvigson–Ng macro factor, as well as equity market sentiment proxies such as the investor sentiment index and the partial least squares sentiment index. Asset allocation analysis indicates the forecasting power of TSENT is economically valuable to investors. Finally, we show that the time‐series bond risk premia predictability associated with TSENT relates to its predictive power for macroeconomic performance, such as payroll employment, unemployment rate, and industrial production.
Surgical technique for fertility preservation for placenta accreta spectrum without previa: Tourniquet, uterus inversion and placental dissection procedure
Authors: Nii Masafumi , Enomoto Naosuke , Takakura Sho , Maki Shintaro , Tanaka Hiroaki , Ikeda Tomoaki
Published: May 2023

The placenta accreta spectrum without previa is difficult to diagnose before delivery and sometimes requires hysterectomy. A fertility preservation procedure is useful when placenta accreta spectrum is unexpectedly encountered. A 38‐year‐old woman, conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF), was not diagnosed of placenta accreta spectrum until delivery. A cesarean section was performed for fetal breech presentation. The placenta could not be detached from the uterine fundus and marked bleeding started. We conducted the “TURIP” procedure: ensured hemostasis with tourniquet of uterine isthmus, uterus inversion to expose the adhesion site with intra‐venous nitroglycerin administration, placental detachment by sharp dissection under direct visualization. The detached areas were sutured for hemostasis. The patient recovered uneventfully and achieved the second pregnancy by IVF 1 year later. The TURIP procedure is useful to preserve fertility in unpredicted placenta accreta spectrum without previa, even in undiagnosed cases before delivery.
Insurance demand in the presence of loss‐dependent background risk
Authors: Hinck Sebastian , Steinorth Petra
Published: May 2023

We analyze insurance demand when insurable losses come with an uninsurable zero‐mean background risk that increases in the loss size. If the individual is risk vulnerable, loss‐dependent background risk triggers a precautionary insurance motive and increases optimal insurance demand. Prudence alone is sufficient for insurance demand to increase in two cases: the case of fair insurance and the case where the smallest possible loss exceeds a certain threshold value (referred to as the large loss case). We derive conditions under which insurance demand increases or decreases in initial wealth. In the large loss case, prudence determines whether changes in the background risk lead to more insurance demand. We generalize this result to arbitrary loss distributions and find conditions based on decreasing third‐degree Ross risk aversion, Arrow–Pratt risk aversion, and Arrow–Pratt temperance.
Creation of microbial bio‐aroma wheel design according to smell attributes and multivariate exploratory methods
Authors: Roy Priyanka , Malik Mohit , Kumar Yogesh , Kumar Vijay , Meghwal Murlidhar , Jethwa Pinkesh
Published: May 2023

Microbial bio‐aroma synthesized from biowaste, and its marketing is an emerging aspect of future research due to their benefits. However, the sensory lexicon of bio‐aroma has not yet been developed so far. This study aims to identify the smell characteristics of bio‐aroma produced by fermentative yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus by solid‐state fermentation, where the sample was extracted from fermented sugarcane bagasse (FSB), sweet lemon peel (FSLP), and pomegranate peel (FPP). A group of 49 respondents participated in this sensory analysis; the generated data reveal that a total of 29, 35, and 26 aroma essences gets from FSB, FSLP, and FPP, respectively. Multiple factor analysis was performed using XLSTAT 2022.1 version, and hierarchical clustering was used to classify the different cluster levels of aroma attributes. An aroma wheel is designed according to the attributes of classified aroma (smell). This bio‐aroma has prospects for application in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products.

Practical Applications

This fermented bio‐waste aroma lexicon will be helpful to academicians, researchers, flavorist and consumers to understand the precise description and basic terms. It also make them aware about a natural alternative source of flavor and aroma ingredients. It can be used as a sustainable additive for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries in the future.
Exploring cider website descriptions using a novel text mining approach
Authors: Calvert Martha D. , Cole Elizabeth , Neill Clinton L. , Stewart Amanda C. , Whitehead Susan R. , Lahne Jacob
Published: May 2023

Rapid methods of text analysis are increasingly important tools for efficiently extracting and understanding communication within the food and beverage space. This study aimed to use frequency‐based text mining and biterm topic modeling (BTM) as tools for analyzing how cider products are communicated and marketed on cider‐producer websites for products made in Virginia, Vermont, and New York. BTM has been previously used to explore topics in small corpora of text data, and frequency‐based text mining is efficient for exploring patterns of text across different documents or filters. The present dataset comprised 1115 cider products and their website descriptions extracted from 124 total cider‐producer websites during 2020 and 2021. Results of the text mining analyses suggest that cider website descriptions emphasize food‐pairing, production, and sensory quality information. Altogether, this research presents the text mining approaches for exploring food and beverage communication.

Practical applications

This research will be valuable to stakeholders in the United States' cider industry by providing relevant insight as to how cider marketing and sensory communication varies based on extrinsic product factors, such as geography and packaging. This research also demonstrates the efficiency and potential of text mining tools for exploring language and communication related to foods, beverages, and sensory quality. Further, this research provides a framework for extracting sensory‐specific language from a large corpus of data, which may be adopted by other researchers wishing to apply rapid descriptive methods in the sensory, quality, and consumer research fields.