bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Une femme sans patrie » à la polonaise
Authors: Szczur Przemyslaw
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the hypertextual relations between Stanislas Dotremont’s La Polonaise and Benjamin Constant’s Adolphe, focusing on the rewriting of the main feminine character: Ellénore/Ellen. The adopted perspective is inspired by narratology, gender studies and imagology. It makes it possible to note some changes, the main ones consisting of a transvocalization and transfocalization of the narration and a transvalorization and transmotivation of the character. Rewriting also leads to an accentuation of the axiological, ideological and historical dimensions of the narrative. However, the impact of these modifications is, after all, relatively limited, which is why the Dotremontian rewriting enterprise can be described as neo-classical.

L’article constitue une analyse des relations hypertextuelles entre La Polonaise de Stanislas Dotremont et Adolphe de Benjamin Constant, focalisée sur la réécriture du principal personnage féminin : Ellénore/Ellen. La perspective adoptée s’inspire de la narratologie classique, des études de genre et de l’imagologie. Elle permet de relever quelques changements dont les principaux consistent en une transvocalisation et transfocalisation de la narration et une transvalorisation et transmotivation de l’héroïne. La réécriture mène aussi à une accentuation des dimensions axiologique, idéologique et historique du récit. L’impact de ces modifications est cependant, somme toute, relativement limité, c’est pourquoi l’entreprise de réécriture dotremontienne peut être qualifiée de néo-classique.
Bove dans le labyrinthe: une lecture du Piège
Authors: Macho Vargas Azucena
Published: January 2021

The rediscovery of Emmanuel Bove from the 1980s onwards drew attention above all to his early works, notably Mes amis. However, the novels published after the war, far from the subjects dear to the author, remain less famous. The reading of The Trap is used to show that, without abandoning his style and his way of looking at the world and describing it, Bove succeeds in immersing us into the dark universe of the Occupation. We thus witness the failure of the Bove anti-hero who for once is acting yet setting himself too ambitious a goal, and while trying to defeat the occupying monster he perishes in the occupied France labyrinth. Moreover, the labyrinth as a formal structure becomes a recurring element in the novel.

La redécouverte d’Emmanuel Bove à partir des années 80 a surtout attiré l’attention sur ses premières œuvres, notamment Mes amis. Toutefois les romans publiés après la guerre, éloignés des sujets chers à l’auteur, restent moins connus. La lecture du Piège sert à montrer que, sans abandonner son style et sa manière de voir le monde et le décrire, Bove réussit á nous plonger dans l’univers gris de l’Occupation, On assiste donc à l’échec de l’anti-héros bovien qui pour une fois agit mais se fixe un objectif trop ambitieux car tentant de vaincre le monstre occupant périt dans le labyrinthe de la France occupée. De plus, le labyrinthe en tant que structure formelle devient un élément récurrent du roman.
Diseño y evaluación de un programa para la mejora de la condición física en Educación Primaria: efecto sobre la autoestima y la intención de ser activo
Authors: Zamorano García D. , Fernández Bustos JG. , Vállez Gómez JP.
Published: January 2021

El objetivo fue diseñar un programa para mejorar la condición física y evaluar su efecto sobre la intencionalidad de seguir siendo activo y autoestima general. Se diseñó un programa de 8 semanas de actividades para mejorar la condición física en Educación Física, además de actividad física deportiva en los recreos. El diseño cuasiexperimental incluyó 70 escolares (39 grupo experimental; 31 grupo control) de 6º de Educación Primaria. Como instrumentos de medida se utilizaron la batería ALPHA-Fitness de alta prioridad, la Escala de intencionalidad de ser físicamente activo en Educación Primaria, y el Cuestionario Multimedia y Multilingüe de Evaluación de la Autoestima. Se encontró efectividad del programa en todas las variables estudiadas, en especial en la mejora de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, la capacidad de salto y la dimensión socioafectiva de la autoestima. Se destaca la importancia de estos programas en la mejora de la salud física, psicológica y social del alumnado.

The objective was to design a program to improve physical fitness and evaluate its effect on the intent to remain active and general self-esteem. An 8-week program of activities was designed to improve physical fitness in Physical Education, in addition to sports physical activity at recess. The quasi-experimental design included 70 schoolchildren (39 experimental group; 31 control group) from 6th grade of Primary Education. The high priority ALPHA-Fitness battery, the intentionality scale of being physically active in Primary Education, and the Multimedia and Multilingual Self-esteem Evaluation Questionnaire were used as measuring instruments. The effectiveness of the program was found in all the variables studied, especially in the improvement of cardiorespiratory capacity, jumping capacity and the socio-affective dimension of self-esteem. The importance of these programs in the improvement of the physical, psychological and social health of the students is highlighted.
Checkpoint inhibition of origin firing prevents inappropriate replication outside of S-phase
Authors: Johnson Mark C , Can Geylani , Santos Miguel Monteiro , Alexander Diana , Zegerman Philip
Published: January 2021

Checkpoints maintain the order of cell cycle events during DNA damage or incomplete replication. How the checkpoint response is tailored to different phases of the cell cycle remains poorly understood. The S-phase checkpoint for example results in the slowing of replication, which in budding yeast occurs by Rad53-dependent inhibition of the initiation factors Sld3 and Dbf4. Despite this, we show here that Rad53 phosphorylates both of these substrates throughout the cell cycle at the same sites as in S-phase, suggesting roles for this pathway beyond S-phase. Indeed, we show that Rad53-dependent inhibition of Sld3 and Dbf4 limits re-replication in G2/M, preventing gene amplification. In addition, we show that inhibition of Sld3 and Dbf4 in G1 prevents premature initiation at all origins at the G1/S transition. This study redefines the scope of the ‘S-phase checkpoint’ with implications for understanding checkpoint function in cancers that lack cell cycle controls.
Editorial: Collective entanglements in the doing of research
Authors: Johansson Lotta , Osgood Jayne , Andersen Camilla Eline , Otterstad Ann Merete
Published: January 2021

In this final issue of RERM in 2020, no less than 20 authors have participated in the materialization of four articles, which connect to each other in various ways. All of the articles focus upon productive relations, between authors, as well as between materials and people.

All four articles illustrate the productiveness of moments in doing research that challenge the distinctions between researcher and researched, the concrete and the abstract, and the author and the text, arguably contrasting and adding humbleness to dominant academic structures centering the “researcher I” and its individual quest for qualifications.
The reliability and validity of the weight-bearing lunge test in a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population (CTEV)
Authors: Gosse Georgia , Ward Emily , McIntyre Auburn , Banwell Helen A.
Published: January 2021

Question

What is the intra and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the weight-bearing lunge test within a Congenital Talipes Equinovarus population?

Design

Test retest design for reliability and validity. The measure was taken, following preconditioning of the participants, using distance from wall, angle at distal posterior tibia using a digital inclinometer and the iPhone level function, twice by each rater. The raters included a clinician, clinician in training and a parent/carer.

Outcome measures

Weight bearing lunge test as a measure of ankle dorsiflexion.

Results

Twelve children aged 5–10 years were eligible to participate and consented, along with their parents. Intra-reliability of distance measures for all raters were good to excellent (ICC clinician 0.95, ICC training clinician 0.98 and ICC parent 0.89). Intra-rater reliability of the iPhone for all raters was good (ICCs > 0.751) and good to excellent for the inclinometer (ICC clinician 0.87, ICC training clinician 0.90). Concurrent validity between the clinician’s and parents distance measure was also high with ICC of 0.899. Inter-rater reliability was excellent for distance measure (ICC = 0.948), good for the inclinometer (ICC = 0.801) and moderate for the iPhone (ICC = 0.68). Standard error of measurement ranged from 0.70–2.05, whilst the minimal detectable change ranged from 1.90–5.70.

Conclusion

The use of the WBLT within this CTEV population has demonstrated good to excellent reliability and validity amongst clinicians, clinicians in training and parents/carers, supporting its use as an assessment measure of dorsiflexion range of motion. There is support for parents/carers to use the WBLT at home as a monitoring assessment measure which may assist with early detection of a relapse.

Trial registration

University of South Australia’s ethics committee (ID: 201397); Women’s and Children’s Hospital ethics committee (AU/1/4BD7310).
Aerosol optical depth (AOD): spatial and temporal variations and association with meteorological covariates in Taklimakan desert, China
Authors: Li Jinglong , Ge Xiangyu , He Qing , Abbas Alim
Published: January 2021

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is a key parameter that reflects aerosol characteristics. However, research on the AOD of dust aerosols and various environmental variables is scarce. Therefore, we conducted in-depth studies on the distributions and variations of AOD in the Taklimakan Desert and its margins, China. We examined the correlation characteristics between AOD and meteorological factors combined with satellite remote sensing detection methods using MCD19A2-MODIS AOD products (from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015), MOD13Q1-MODIS normalized difference vegetation index products, and meteorological data. We analyzed the temporal and spatial distributions of AOD, periodic change trends, and important impacts of meteorological factors on AOD in the Taklimakan Desert and its margins. To explore the relationships between desert aerosols and meteorological factors, a random forest model was used along with environmental variables to predict AOD and rank factor contributions. Results indicated that the monthly average AOD exhibited a clear unimodal curve that reached its maximum in April. The AOD values followed the order spring (0.28) > summer (0.27) > autumn (0.18) > winter (0.17). This seasonality is clear and can be related to the frequent sandstorms occurring in spring and early summer. Interannual AOD showed a gradually increasing trend to 2010 then large changes to 2015. AOD tends to increase from south to north. Based on the general trend, the maximum value of AOD is more dispersed and its low-value area is always stable. The climatic index that has the most significant effect on AOD is relative humidity.
Lead transfer in the soil-root-plant system in a highly contaminated Andean area
Authors: Castro-Bedriñana Jorge , Chirinos-Peinado Doris , Garcia-Olarte Edgar , Quispe-Ramos Rolando
Published: January 2021

Lead (Pb) is highly toxic heavy metal that is detrimental to the food system. There are large mining and metallurgical companies in the central highlands of Peru that have been active for almost a century and contribute to air, water, and soil pollution, affecting food quality and causing damage to the environment and human health. Our study, conducted in 2018, assessed the content and transfer of lead in the soil-root-plant system in the high Andean grasslands in a geographical area near the metallurgical complex of La Oroya. Lead levels were measured in 120 samples of top soil (0–20 cm), roots, and grass shoots by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. No significant differences were found between the soil pH, organic matter content, and lead among the samples evaluated (P > 0.05). Mean Pb concentrations decreased in the order of soil > root > shoot (P < 0.01) (212.36 ±  38.40, 154.65 ±  52.85 and 19.71 ±  2.81 mg/kg, respectively). The soil-to-root Pb bioconcentration factor, root-to-shoot translocation factor, and soil-to-shoot bioaccumulation factor values were 0.74 ±  0.26, 0.14 ±  0.06 and 0.10 ±  0.03, respectively. Lead in the soil was 3.03 times higher than the maximum limit for agricultural soil, and was 1.97 times higher than the value limit for fodder. Our findings are important and show that soils and pasture in this geographical area have high Pb levels due to metallurgical emissions that have been occurring since 1922. Such pollution negatively impacts health and the socio-economic status of the exposed populations.
A brief history of international meetings of the Western Society of Naturalists
Authors: Steller Diana L , Lorda Julio , Beas-Luna Rodrigo , Foster Michael S
Published: January 2021

The object of this society shall be the stimulation of general interest in the fields of biological science. The society shall be broad enough in scope and liberal enough in its organization to meet the needs of all naturalists’. Western Society of Naturalists By-laws, 1916
Measurement Management System Using LoRa, Sensor Node, and Cloud Platform
Authors: Lee KangJung , Kim JiHwan , Ha MinSoo , Cho KookHwan
Published: January 2021

With the recent Fourth Industrial Revolution, communication and sensor fields are developing remarkably. Among them, LoRa low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) uses low-power Internet-of-things-only technology, which is cheaper than the existing long-term evolution network, and it is a communication technology that provides wider coverage than short-range communication methods (such as Bluetooth, WiFi, and Zigbee). In this study, a measurement management system was developed using LoRa LPWAN communication. It was constructed as a hybrid measurement system using public and private networks for the ground and underground sections, respectively. We developed a sensor node that could process unique signals by selecting sensors suitable for each mechanism and an integrated monitoring program that could store raw data in the Cloud Platform. The results showed that the communication success rate was 90% for the first transmission and reception and 99% for the second transmission and reception. It was confirmed that the measured values at the sensor and when communication was completed after connecting the sensor node were equal.
Heating Performance of Nano-Sidewalk Blocks Containing Carbon Nano Material
Authors: Kim Younghwan , Yu Wonjun , Kim Donghwi , Chung Wonseok , Lee Heeyoung
Published: January 2021

Recently, the occurrence of freezing accidents in the winter has increased, as subzero temperatures have decreased rapidly. Several studies have been conducted on the prevention of freezing accidents in the winter. In this study, the heating and electrical performance of nano-sidewalk blocks mixed with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were evaluated. The parameters were the curing duration, MWCNT concentration, and supply voltage. The size of the interlocking block specimen was 200 mm × 100 mm × 60 mm. The heating performance of the specimens increased by 12.3 times, with an increase in the MWCNT concentration and supply voltage.
Heat Curing Performance of Cold-Weather Concrete using Induction Heating Technology
Authors: Lee Jinbok , Kim Kyeongtack , Choi Jinsoo , Ahn Chi-Hyung , Shin Hyun-Oh
Published: January 2021

In this study, we evaluated the heat curing performance of cold-weather concrete using the induction heating technology. Specifically, we studied the effects of the size and shape of steel forms as well as different concrete mixtures on the heat curing performance. The test results showed that increasing the cross-section of concrete reduced the homogeneity of temperature distribution throughout it. This problem can be compensated for by adding more conductive materials in the concrete cross-section. The concrete specimens that were cured using induction heating achieved a satisfactory early age strength even though they were stored in a 0 °C low-temperature chamber. Furthermore, we evaluated the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the induction heating process and the magnetic flux density of 13.9 µT thus obtained satisfied the EMC requirement.
A Study on the Prediction of Daily Snowmelt Depth using Multiple Linear Regression
Authors: Oh YeoungRok , Lee Gyumin , Jun Kyung Soo , Sunwoo Wooyeon , Baek SeungWoo , Chung Gunhui
Published: January 2021

In this study, daily snowmelt was predicted using observed meteorological data and multiple regression analysis. Five observation stations (located in Daegwallyeong, Gwangju, Seosan, Mokpo, and Jeonju) were selected to analyze fresh snow depth from 2000 to 2010. The dependent variable used in the multiple regression analysis was daily snowmelt depth, and the independent variables were fresh snow depth, diurnal temperature range, temperature interception, diurnal humidity range, humidity intercept, and solar radiation. Seventy percent of the total observed data was used to develop a multiple regression model and the regression model was verified using the 30% of remaining data. The adjusted R-squared and Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSE) were used to examine the developed regression model. As a result, the adjusted R-squared was higher than 0.769 (except Daegwallyeong); thus the developed model represented well the daily snowmelt depth. Even Jeonju had an adjusted R-squared of 0.869. Also, the RMSE in all of the five stations was lower than 2.5 cm. The lowest value in Seosan was 1.7 cm. From the two types of verification, the developed multiple regression model was judged to be suitable to predict the daily snowmelt depth. However, multicollinearity should be explained, as rapid increases in temperature and sustained high temperature could not be reflected in the model. Therefore, if the limitations were resolved in further research, the model could be used to predict the amount of daily snowmelt depth more reliably.
Structural Performance Evaluation of CFT Columns with Built-up Square-shaped Steel Tubes using Production Methods
Authors: Kim U Seok , Kim Sang Seup , Kim Sung Bae , Choi Young Han
Published: January 2021

This study obtained compression test results and macro examination results for concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns with built-up square-shaped steel tubes to evaluate both the structural performance and the possibility of using the current CFT design for changes in production methods. The CFT columns have three variables, namely, welding details, welding types, and steel bar types, of which welding details are the main variable. The compression test results were compared with the nominal compressive strength, Pn, based on the material test results and complete joint penetration (CJP). The test results indicated that the ratio of the experimental maximum load to the theoretical calculation result was between 1.04 and 1.12 (1.08 on average). This means that it is possible to use the current CFT design in the current Building Structure Standards (KBC 2016, KDS 41 31 00). The macro examination results indicated that the quality of welding will be improved owing to the minimization of defects during welding if the groove angle is improved to 50°.
Rainfall-runoff Analysis Method Considering the Effect of High-rise Buildings
Authors: Cho Eunsaem , Yoo Chulsang
Published: January 2021

In this study, a rainfall runoff process analysis method considering the effect of high-rise buildings was proposed. The proposed method was applied to the Yeoksam urban basin in Seoul. For rainfall-runoff analysis, a shot noise process based model was used to independently analyze the runoff from the wall and roof of a high-rise building. Thus, the Yeoksam urban basin was divided into 155 sub-basins for analysis. It was observed that the peak runoff increased by 22.0% in the 9-2 sub-basin. However, in a sub-basin in which the peak runoff increased by 10.0% or more due to high-rise buildings, there was no case where the increase rate of peak runoff was maintained greater than 5.0% until the next sub-basin outlet. Finally, by deriving the runoff hydrograph for the entire Yeoksam urban basin, it was observed that there was no significant difference in rainfall-runoff process, regardless of whether the building was considered. Therefore, it was concluded that the phenomenon of increase in peak runoff due to high-rise buildings occurs only in sub-basin units.
Synthese du L‐alaninol a partir d'extraits acellulaires de Mycobacterium avium
Authors: Bruneteau M. , Michel G.
Published: July 2002

A cell‐free preparation was obtained from a culture of Mycobacterium avium. This preparation contained an L‐alanine reductase which reduces L‐alanine to L‐alaninol, a constituant of the mycoside C2. This reduction is better when ATP and NADH are present in the incubation medium.
Chromatin maturation depends on continued DNA‐replication
Authors: Schlaeger Ernst Jürgen , Pülm Wolfgang , Knippers Rolf
Published: July 2002

The structure of [3H]thymidine pulse‐labeled chromatin in lymphocytes differs from that of non‐replicating chromatin by several operational criteria which are related to the higher nuclease sensitivity of replicating chromatin. These structural features of replicating chromatin rapidly disappear when the [3H]thymidine pulse is followed by a chase in the presence of an excess of non‐radioactive thymidine. However, when the rate of DNA replication is reduced, as in cycloheximide‐treated lymphocytes, chromatin maturation is retarded. No chromatin maturation is observed when nuclei from pulse‐labeled lymphocytes are incubated in vitro in the absence of DNA precursors. In contrast, when these nuclei are incubated under conditions known to be optimal for DNA replication, the structure of replicating chromatin is efficiently converted to that of ‘mature’, non‐replicating chromatin. We conclude that the properties of nascent DNA and/or the distance from the replication fork are important factors in chromatin maturation.
Cytosol Mg2+ modulates Ca2+ ionophore induced secretion from rabbit neutrophils
Authors: Di Virgilio F. , Gomperts B.D.
Published: July 2002

The influence of extracellular Mg2+ on Ca2+ ionophore (A23187 and ionomycin) induced secretion and changes in the cytosol pH of rabbit neutrophils suspended in Ca2+‐free buffer has been investigated. While extracellular Ca2+ is obligatory for ionomycin induced secretion, we have defined conditions under which A23187 can induce secretion in Ca2+‐free media. The different behaviour of these two Ca2+ ionophores is discussed on the basis of their different counter cation specificities.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy of single crystals of bacterial cytochrome c4
Authors: Sawyer L. , Hester R.E.
Published: July 2002

Cytochrome c4

Oxidation state
Resonance Raman spectroscopy
Single crystal spectroscopy
Separation of cells labeled with immunospecific iron dextran microspheres using high gradient magnetic chromatography
Authors: Molday R.S. , Molday L.L.
Published: July 2002

Immunospecific magnetic microspheres, consisting of ferromagnetic iron dextran conjugated to Protein A, were used to specifically label red blood cells (RBC) for cell separation studies using high gradient magnetic chromatography (HGMC). When 107–108 RBC labeled with Protein A—iron dextran microspheres were applied to a column containing 30 mg stainless steel wire placed in a 7.5 kilogauss magnetic field, 96 ± 2% of the cells were retained in the column. These cells could be eluted by removing the magnetic field and mechanically agitating the column. The retention of labeled cells by HGMC was shown to be dependent on the applied magnetic field and the amount of wire packed into the column. HGMC in conjunction with cell labeling with immunospecific iron dextran microspheres have useful applications for the separation of specific cell types.
Identity of the metal ligands in the manganese‐ and iron‐containing superoxide dismutases
Authors: Barra D. , Schinina M.E. , Bossa F. , Bannister J.V.
Published: July 2002

Alignment of the amino acid sequence of peptides obtained following digestion of Photobacterium leiognathi iron Superoxide dismutase with the known sequence of Bacillus stearothermophilus manganese superoxide dismutase shows that the residues found to form ligands to the manganese are conserved in the iron enzyme. This indicates that the metal ligands in both proteins are identical.
The Neurospora mitochondrial genome: the region coding for the polycistronic cytochrome oxidase subunit I transcript is preceded by a transfer RNA gene
Authors: de Vries Hans , Haima Peter , Brinker Marja , de Jonge Jenny C.
Published: July 2002

We have sequenced a 682 bp fragment of Neurospora crassa mitochondrial DNA to complete the sequence between the gene for cytochrome b and the unassigned reading frame, URF U. The sequence contains a gene for a cysteine tRNA. The 5' end of the 6 kb polycistronic transcript of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 is immediately downstream from this tRNA. This shows that also in fungal mitochondria tRNAs can be used as processing signals, whereas palindromic sequences containing double Pst I sites, also present in this region, are not used for processing.
Ligand‐blotting visualization of the LDL receptor in plasma membranes and in two classes of coated vesicles from adrenocortical cells
Authors: Weintraub Hadassa , Bomsel Morgane , de Paillerets Christine , Néant Isabelle , Ayrault-Jarrier Maryse , Alfsen Annette
Published: July 2002

Two populations of coated vesicles, different in size, have been isolated from the bovine adrenal cortex. The enrichment of the LDL receptor from the plasma membrane to the large coated vesicles and then to the small ones was evidenced by ligand‐blotting ELISA assays. The LDL receptor has been characterized as a 130‐kDa proteic component which retains the binding specificity and structural features in plasma membranes as well as in the two classes of coated vesicles.
Evidence for the formation of inositol 4‐monophosphate in stimulated human platelets
Authors: Siess Wolfgang
Published: July 2002

Human platelets were prelabeled with [3H]inositol and exposed to thrombin or vasopressin. The radioactive inositol monophosphates were separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography and identified by cochromatography with unlabeled standard substances. Radioactive inositol 1‐monophosphate (Ins 1‐P) and inositol 4‐monophosphate (Ins 4‐P) were detected in unstimulated platelets and accumulated in response to thrombin or vasopressin. Ins 4‐P as well as Ins 1‐P increased after the formation of inositol 1,4‐bisphosphate (Ins 1,4‐P,) and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (Ins 1,4,5‐P3). Lithium augmented the accumulation of Ins 1‐P and Ins 1,4‐P2 in stimulated platelets, and also of Ins 4‐P in platelets stimulated by vasopressin, but not by thrombin. The results indicate that Ins 1,4‐P2 formed in stimulated platelets is partly degraded to Ins 4‐P. The significance of Ins 4‐P as a marker molecule for the study of inositol phosphate metabolism in stimulated cells is discussed.
Association of the glucocorticoid hormone receptor with ribonucleic acid
Authors: Economidis Ioannis V. , Rousseau Guy G.
Published: July 2002

The hypothesis that the glucocorticoid hormone receptor interacts with RNA has been tested in cultured rat hepatoma cells. The receptor was covalently labeled with radioactive dexamethasone mesylate, and putative RNA‐receptor complexes were stabilized by either cell‐free crosslinking using formaldehyde or irradiation of intact cells. After chemical cross‐linking in vitro, the receptor displayed the buoyant density of a ribonucleoprotein in CsCl gradients. After photochemical crosslinking in cells labeled with radioactive uridine, the receptor analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was carrying labeled ribonucleotides.
Molecular cloning of cDNA of S100α subunit mRNA
Authors: Kuwano Ryozo , Maeda Toshinaga , Usui Hiroshi , Araki Kazuaki , Yamakuni Toru , Ohshima Yuka , Kurihara Tadashi , Takahashi Yasuo
Published: July 2002

The primary structure of the bovine S‐100α mRNA on the basis of molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA are described. The sequence is composed of 532 bp which include the 282 bp of the complete coding region, 89 bp at the 5'‐noncoding region, 161 bp at the 3'‐noncoding region, polyadenylation signal, ATTAAA and poly(A) tail. Northern blot analysis shows that the size of S‐100α mRNA is about 700–800 bases long and a single mRNA occurs in bovine brain. Bovine brain contains both S100α and β subunits and their mRNAs. In contrast, the rat brain contains only S 100α subunit and its mRNA.
Guanylate cyclase in rod outer segments of the toad retina
Authors: Pepe I.M. , Panfoli I. , Cugnoli C.
Published: July 2002

Visual transduction
Guanylate cyclase
Rhodopsin
cyclic GMP metabolism
Photoreceptor
Enhanced prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 release from resident peritoneal macrophages isolated from morphine‐dependent rats
Authors: Elliott G.R. , van Batenburg M.J. , Dzoljic M.R.
Published: July 2002

Resident peritoneal macrophages from morphine‐addicted rats (4 days) released more prostaglandin (PG) E2 and thromboxane (Tx) B2, but not 6‐keto‐PGF1a, than cells from control animals. This effect, which was due to an enhancement of endogenous AA turnover, was not related to any changes in cAMP synthesis or lysososomal enzyme secretion. [D‐Ala2]‐Met‐enkephalin had no effect on eicosanoid release in vitro. Both morphine and PGE2 have been shown to depress macrophage functions. We suggest that morphine‐stimulated macrophage PGE2 synthesis, and the consequent inhibition of phagocytosis, could contribute to the decreased resistance to infections associated with opiate addiction.
Immunological properties of O•−2 generating oxidase from bovine neutrophils
Authors: Doussière Jacques , Vignais Pierre V.
Published: July 2002

Two antisera have been prepared against the O•−
2 generating oxidase purified from bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The first antiserum was directed against the enzymatically active fraction obtained after isoelectric focusing (pI oxidase), which consisted of a major protein of M
r 65 000 [(1985) Biochemistry 24, 7231–7239]. The second antiserum was directed against the 65 kDa band excised from an SDS‐polyacrylamide gel after electrophoresis of the pI oxidase preparation. The pI oxidase antiserum inhibited O•−
2 generation by PMN cells, PMN membranes and detergent‐solubilized membranes. The 65 kDa band antiserum was virtually non‐inhibitory against PMN cells; in contrast, it was nearly as potent as the pI oxidase antiserum on PMN membranes and detergent‐solubilized membranes. Inhibition of O•−
2 generation by the pI oxidase antiserum was correlated with the immunoreactivity of four membrane‐bound proteins of 65, 54, 18 and 16 kDa; the 65 kDa band antiserum reacted only with the two proteins of 65 and 54 kDa. It is concluded that the 18 and 16 kDa proteins, present in trace amounts in the pI oxidase preparation, are probably potent catalysts of the respiratory burst.
Acetylcholinesterase from Drosophila melanogaster Identification of two subunits encoded by the same gene
Authors: Fournier Didier , Bride Jean-Marc , Karch François , Bergé Jean-Baptiste
Published: July 2002

Purified acetylcholinesterase from Drosophila melanogaster is composed of a 55 kDa and a 16 kDa noncovalently associated subunit. Cleavage of disulfide bonds reveals that two 55 kDa polypeptides are linked together in native dimeric AChE. Western blots with two antibodies directed against the N‐ and C‐termini of the predicted AChE primary sequence show that the 55 and 16 kDa polypeptides originate from proteolysis of the same precursor encoded by the Ace locus.
Inhibition of adriamycin‐promoted microsomal lipid peroxidation by β‐carotene, α‐tocopherol and retinol at high and low oxygen partial pressures
Authors: Vile Glenn F. , Winterbourn Christine C.
Published: July 2002

Iron‐dependent peroxidation of rat liver microsomes, enhanced by adriamycin, was measured in the presence of increasing concentrations of α‐tocopherol, β‐carotene and retinol at low and high pO2. β‐Carotene and α‐tocopherol inhibited lipid peroxidation by more than 60% when present at concentrations greater than 50 nmol/mg microsomal protein at both high and low pO2. Retinol inhibited peroxidation by 39% at concentrations greater than 100 nmol/mg microsomal protein. This maximal level of inhibition by retinol was unaltered by pO2. However, β‐carotene was more effective than α‐tocopherol or retinol at a pO2 of 4 mmHg, whereas α‐tocopherol was more effective under aerobic conditions. Since adriamycin‐dependent lipid peroxidation is maximal at low pO2, β‐carotene may play a role in protecting against this process.
Protonic sidedness of the binuclear iron‐copper centre in cytochrome oxidase
Authors: Wikström Mårten
Published: July 2002

The oxidised (ferric‐cupric) binuclear centre of cytochrome oxidase is converted into two other states, presumably ferryl‐cupric (F) and ferric‐peroxy‐cupric (P), by energy‐dependent reversed electron transfer from the centre (and water) to cytochrome c [(1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 4051–4054; (1987) Chem. Scr. 27B, 53–58]. This sequence of events represents a partial reversal of the O2 reduction catalysed by the centre. Here it is shown that the strong pH‐dependence of these reactions is exerted specifically from the matrix (M) side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. This proves un‐equivocally that the binuclear centre generates protonmotive force by means of its vectorial accessibility for electrons and protons.
Interaction of the LexA repressor and the uvrC regulatory region
Authors: Stark T. , Moses R.E.
Published: July 2002

We have studied the in vitro interaction of the LexA repressor protein and the uvrC regulatory region. We find that there is specific binding to two regions, the region we have defined as lexA1 and the lexA2‐lexA3 region. Our findings support the possibility of an inducible regulation for this complex operon.
Decavanadate acts like an α‐adrenergic agonist in redistributing protein kinase C activity
Authors: Gullapalli Sharada , Kurup C.K.Ramakrishna , Ramasarma T.
Published: July 2002

Perfusion of rat livers with polyvanadate, but not metavanadate, was found to increase in plasma membrane and decrease in cytosol protein kinase C activity, similar to that obtained with phenylephrine, an α‐adrenergic agonist. The effect was prevented by phenoxybenzamine, but not by propranolol implicating α‐adrenergic receptor activation. Comparison of crystal structures of decavanadate and nonadrenaline revealed the occurrence of a structural feature of O‐O‐O(N) with distances of 5.5 Å and 2.9 Å.
Effect of pH on CO recombination to cytochrome oxidase in intact mitochondria
Authors: Harmon H.James , Stringer B.K.
Published: July 2002

The rate of recombination of CO with fully reduced cytochrome oxidase in intact beef heart mitochondria was measured after flash photolysis at temperatures between 180 and 230K. At pH 7.4 a single Arrhenius slope corresponds to an apparent energy of activation (E
a) of 10.5 ; the rate constants in 100% CO are twice those in the presence of 1% CO. At pH 5.5 with 100% CO, E
a's of 11.3 and 7.1 are observed above and below 210K, respectively, while E
a's of 7.4 and 11.1 are observed with 1% CO above and below 210K. At pH 9.0 E
a's of 9.2 (above 200K), 12.5 (190–200K), and 2.3 (below 190K) are observed with 1% CO; E
a of 9.4, 13.4, and 2.4 are observed in the same temperature ranges with 100% CO present. The findings support a model with up to 4 energy barriers separating the heme region from the bulk medium with intermediate regions that can hold 1 or 2 CO, depending on pH.
Transient versus steady state NOE in paramagnetic molecules Cu2Co2SOD as an example
Authors: Banci Lucia , Bertini Ivano , Luchinat Claudio , Piccioli Mario
Published: July 2002

Truncated, steady state and transient NOE experiments have been performed on bovine Cu2Co2 Superoxide dismutase. The effectiveness of the different NOE experiments in the general case of paramagnetic macromolecules is discussed. It is concluded that steady state NOEs give superior results. The validity of the two spins approximation is discussed, and NOE values for a fully coupled set of nuclei have been calculated. Transient NOE experiments, when properly performed, confirm the previous assignment of the hyperfine shifted signals in Cu2Co2SOD based on steady state NOE measurements [(1989) Inorg. Chem. 28, 4650] and eliminate any further reason of controversy on an important issue as the assignment of the 1H NMR signals of protons of metal‐coordinated imidazoles.
Energy transfer in complexes of E. coli single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein with single‐stranded poly‐(2‐thiouridylic acid)
Authors: Tsao Désirée H.H. , Maki August H. , Chase John W.
Published: July 2002

The complexes of point‐mutated Escherichia coli single‐stranded DNA‐binding protein (Eco SSB) with poly‐(2‐thiouridylic acid) (poly S2U) have been studied by optical detection of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ODMR). Previous work has determined that two of four tryptophan (Trp) residues in Eco SSB undergo stacking interactions with nucleic acid bases. Selective photoexcitation of S2U bases was performed and subsequent triplet → triplet energy transfer from S2U to nearby Trp residues in the protein took place. The zero‐field splitting (ZFS) parameters and sublevel kinetics were determined for each Trp residue sensitized by S2U. The sublevel lifetimes of the two sensitized residues are similar to those of normal Trp. The ZFS parameters, on the other hand, show a dramatic reduction relative to those of the uncomplexed protein, implying a more polarizable environment for the sensitized Trp residues and/or charge transfer interactions with the S2U bases.
Tyrosine protein phosphorylation is required for protein kinase C‐mediated proliferation in T cells
Authors: Muñoz Eduardo , Zubiaga Ana M. , Huber Brigitte T.
Published: July 2002

We have studied the role of tyrosine kinase in PMA‐stimulated T cells. Protein kinase C (PKC)‐mediated D10A cell proliferation is inhibited by the specific inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, tyrphostin. This inhibitor selectively blocks the mRNA expression of the proto‐oncogene e‐mye in response to the phorbol ester. On the other hand, the same doses of this inhibitor do not affect the mRNA expression of the proto‐oncogene c‐for in PMA‐stimulated D10A cells. Phorbol esters induce in this T cell line the tyrosine phosphorylation of a unique protein of 42 kDa and the enzyme PKC is required for this activity.
Effect of alanine insertion (P′5) on the reactive centre of α1‐antitrypsin
Authors: Avron Ann , Reeve Francesca H. , Lickorish Josephine M. , Carrell Robin W.
Published: July 2002

A recombinant mutant of α1‐antitrypsin with an inserted alanine in position P′1 (362=363) was compared with wild‐type recombinant and plasma α1‐antitrypsins. Initial studies showed that contrary to other reports the wild recombinant inhibitor had the same, or even greater, association constants with trypsin and clastasex as the plasma inhibitor. The recombinant mutant as predicted had decreased inhibitory activity but no significant alteration in denaturation temperature and it retained the typical serpin S‐R change.
Purification of a lipoxygenase from ungerminated barley Characterization and product formation
Authors: van Aarle Peter G.M. , de Barse Martina M.J. , Veldink Gerrit A. , Vliegenthart Johannes F.G.
Published: July 2002

Lipoxygenase was purified from ungerminated barley (variety ‘Triumph’), yielding an active enzyme with a pl of 5.2 and a molecular mass of approximately 90 kDa. In addition to the 90 kDa band SDS‐PAGE showed the presence of two further proteins of 63 kDa. Western blot analysis showed cross‐reactivity of each of these proteins with polyclonal antisera against lipoxygenases from pea as well as from soybean, suggesting a close immunological relationship. he 63 kDa proteins appear to be inactive degradation products of the active 90‐kDa enzyme. This barley lipoxygenase converts linolcic acid mainly into (9S)‐(10E,12Z)‐9‐hydroperoxy‐10, 12‐octadecadienoic acid, and arachidonic acid into (5S)‐(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)‐5‐hydroperoxy‐6,8,11,14‐cicosatetraenoic acid.
Mitogen‐stimulated events in nuclei of Swiss 3T3 cells Evidence for a direct link between changes of inositol lipids, protein kinase C requirement and the onset of DNA synthesis
Authors: Martelli A.M. , Gilmour R.S. , Neri L.M. , Manzoli L. , Corps A.N. , Cocco L.
Published: July 2002

Two different clones of Swiss 3T3 cells belonging to the same original cell line have been obtained, one of which was unresponsive to mitogenic stimulation (e.g. insulin‐like growth factor‐I, bombesin, insulin‐like growth factor‐I + bombesin), while the other clone showed a very high rate of DNA synthesis under identical conditions as demonstrated by 5‐bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Both types of cells expressed the IGF‐I receptor and showed high contact inhibition. When highly purified nuclei from responsive cells, treated for a short time with bombesin and insulin‐like growth factor‐I or insulin‐like growth factor‐I alone, were incubated with [γ‐32P]adenosine triphosphate, the labelling of phosphatidylinositol‐mono‐ und diphosphate decreased when compared to controls, while this transient effect did not appear in the nuclei from unresponsive cells. Similarly nuclear protein kinase C is activated only in responsive cells. Therefore, it seems that a direct link exists between polyphosphoinositide metabolism, protein kinase C activation and the early events leading to cell division, since the rapid changes in the labelling of both phosphatidylinositol mono‐ and di‐phosphate occur only in nuclei from Swiss 3T3 cells, which respond to the mitogenic stimulus determined by insulin‐like growth factor‐I on its own, or in combination with bombesin.
Haem O can replace haem A in the active site of cytochrome c oxidase from thermophilic bacterium PS3
Authors: Sone Nobuhito , Fujiwara Yoshihisa
Published: July 2002

Thermophilic bacterium PS3 cultured under slightly air‐limited conditions showed a mitochondrion‐like cytochrome pattern similar to that in vigorously aerated cells, but an o‐type cytochrome replaced cytochrome a
3 as the CO‐binding centre. Cytochrome cao‐type oxidase was purified from the cell membranes by almost the same procedure as used for cytochrome caa
3. The turnover number of cytochrome cao was higher than that of cytochrome caa
3, but the K
m's of the two enzymes for cytochrome c and O2 were almost the same. Gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate gave bands of four subunits at the identical positions both for cytochrome cao and cytochrome caa
3. Cytochrome cao contained a novel kind of haem in addition to haems C and A. This novel haem is likely to be haem O, very recently found as the chromophore of the cytochrome bo complex in Escherichia coli. These data suggest that cytochrome cao is an alternative form of cytochrome c oxidase (cytochrome caa
3), in which the cytochrome a
3 centre of the enzyme is replaced with cytochrome o.
The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of porcine liver proline‐β‐naphthylamidase
Authors: Matsushima Masashi , Inoue Hideshi , Ichinose Masao , Tsukada Shinko , Miki Kazumasa , Kurokawa Kiyoshi , Takahashi Takayuki , Takahashi Kenji
Published: July 2002

A cDNA clone for porcine liver proline‐β‐naphthylamidase was isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of 567 residues was highly homologous with those of carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1) previously reported for other species. In addition, proline‐β‐naphthylamidase purified from porcine liver was shown to have strong activity towards p‐nitrophenylacetate, a representative substrate for carboxylesterases. These results suggest that proline‐β‐naphthylamidase is identical with carboxylesterase.
Evidence of cytosolic iron release during post‐ischaemic reperfusion of isolated rat hearts Influence on spin‐trapping experiments with DMPO
Authors: Boucher François , Pucheu Sylvie , Coudray Charles , Favier Alain , de Leiris Joël
Published: July 2002

Previous studies of oxygen‐derived free radical generation based on spin‐trapping methods have shown a signal formed of six bands (sextet) using electron spin resonance spectrometry (ESR) or coronary effluents collected during post‐ischaemic reperfusion of isolated hearts perfused with 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline N‐oxide (DMPO). The origin of this signal has recently become controversial. In the present study we show that, in the rat, this sextet and cytosolic iron release occur simultaneously, and that this signal can be inhibited by the iron chelator desferrioxamine. It also appears that the iron release is not protein bound, and could therefore have a marked catalytic activity. This may be responsible for the production or an artefactural signal observed as the sextet.
A protein factor extracted from murine brains confers physiological Ca2+ sensitivity to exocytosis in sea urchin eggs
Authors: Sasaki Hajime
Published: July 2002

Exocytosis in sea urchin eggs can be reconstituted in vitro using the cell ghosts (the isolated cortices). When the isolated cortices were handled in the medium primarily composed of non‐chaotropic ions, exocytosis can be induced by a micromolar level of Ca2+. However, when the cortices are exposed to chaotropic anions such as Cl−, it is induced only at higher Ca2+ concentrations of 10−5 to 10−4 M, due to the chaotropic anionic effect, by which a specific protein(s) is dissociated from the cortex. The dissociated protein can be added back to the cortex to restore the original Ca2+ sensitivity [(1984) Dev. Biol. 101, 125–135]. A protein which has the similar effect on the isolated cortex was also found in the extract of murine brain. This protein was neither calmodulin, a G‐protein or a kinase. The data suggest the general regulatory mechanism of the Ca2+ sensitivity of exocytosis by a protein factor widely distributed among cells.
Antifungal activity of chitin‐binding PR‐4 type proteins from barley grain and stressed leaf
Authors: Hejgaard Jørn , Jacobsen Susanne , Bjørn Søren E. , Kragh Karsten M.
Published: July 2002

Antifungal activity in vitro has been associated with barley leaf and grain proteins which are homologous with pathogenesis related proteins of type 4 (PR‐4) from tobacco and tomato and with C terminal domains of potato win and Hevea hevein precursor proteins. One protein (pI ∼9.3, M
r ∼13.7 kDa) from barley grain and two very similar proteins from leaves infected with Erysiphe graminis were isolated by chitin affinity chromatography, but none of the proteins showed chitinase activity in vitro. The leaf proteins were increased several fold in response to either Erysiphe infection or NiCl2 infiltration and accumulated extracellularly. The three barley proteins were found to inhibit growth of Trichoderma harzianum in microtiter plate assays using ∼‐10 μg/ml concentrations and in lower concentrations in a synergistic way when mixed either with barley chitinase C (a PR‐3 type protein) or with barley protein R (a PR‐5 type protein). Structurally similar proteins were detected in wheat, rye and oats grain extracts.