bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le sujet et sa demande d'être évalué : angoisse, jouissance et impasse symbolique
Authors: Vidaillet Bénédicte
Published: June 2012

Résumé Le management contemporain a placé l’évaluation au cœur de ses pratiques. La plupart des salariés s’en plaignent et pourtant, paradoxalement, ces méthodes ne cessent de se développer. La thèse développée ici est que les salariés ne font pas que subir l’évaluation, mais qu’ils la réclament, parce qu’être évalué remplit certaines fonctions au plan psychique. À quelle demande inconsciente correspond le souhait d’être évalué ? À qui cette demande s’adresse-t-elle et que met-elle en jeu, notamment dans la relation au manager ? Pourquoi le sujet demande-t-il à ce que soient mises en œuvre des techniques qui risquent de le faire disparaître, d’éradiquer ce qu’il a de plus singulier ? Nous montrerons que les pratiques d’évaluation contemporaines, en s’attaquant à la dimension symbolique de l’organisation, ne peuvent qu’inciter la personne qui travaille, mise dans des conditions qui rendent sa subjectivation de plus en plus difficile, à paradoxalement demander « toujours plus » d’évaluation.
Qui du Sujet ou de l'Acteur, faut-il ménager en période de changement ?
Authors: Merdji Mohamed , Naulleau Mickaël
Published: June 2012

Résumé L’implication est l’une des principales valeurs que les organisations essaient de promouvoir aujourd’hui pour (re)mobiliser leurs salariés. Avec le management postmoderne, la recherche de l’adhésion ne passe en effet plus seulement par l’exercice du contrôle ou de la coercition, mais par toutes les techniques qui sont mises en œuvre pour instrumentaliser la subjectivité du Sujet. Cette instrumentalisation se manifeste notamment à travers la promotion de la nouvelle « scène » dans laquelle le Sujet est invité à se projeter et où on lui propose, à côté des anciennes formes de gratification, de nouveaux objets d’investissement : l’autonomie et ses corollaires, la responsabilité et la promesse de l’autoréalisation. La question qui se pose toutefois est celle de savoir comment cette scène est réellement investie et quelles formes d’implication elle peut susciter. C’est à cette question que cet article essaie de répondre en analysant l’itinéraire psychique d’une quinzaine de cadres intermédiaires qui ont vécu une restructuration. Nous verrons que les conditions dans lesquelles on leur demande d’exercer leur autonomie dans la nouvelle organisation n’ont jamais été aussi contraignantes que celles qu’ils ont réellement connues. Cet exemple montre que l’appel à l’autonomie et à l’implication ressemble souvent, dans les organisations actuelles, à une injonction paradoxale, source de souffrance, de dissimulation et de désengagement.
Il n'est d'autorité que du transfert
Authors: Calais Vincent , Saielli Philippe
Published: June 2012

Résumé À partir de l’analyse d’une situation de crise dans un foyer d’accueil de personnes handicapées, nous tentons d’expliciter la fonction du transfert dans les dynamiques professionnelles et la construction des organisations de travail. Les trois phénomènes repérés lors de notre intervention – disqualification de l’autorité et de ses représentants ; surgissement traumatique de la mort ; dévalorisation de la parole – témoignent d’une posture des cadres et dirigeants de l’institution que l’on peut caractériser, selon la formule de Marcel Czermak, comme « récusation du transfert » : c’est parce que le transfert et la responsabilité qu’il implique pour ceux qui en sont le support ne sont pas assumés que le collectif de travail se désagrège, et que ses membres se trouvent livrés à des phénomènes de violence institutionnelle et/ou individuelle. Au final, nous avançons que le transfert est au fondement de toute autorité, et que seule la prise en compte du transfert permet l’exercice légitime, socialement nécessaire, et subjectivement incontournable, de l’autorité.
Formation en travail social, management et sujet concret
Authors: Prades Jean-Luc
Published: June 2012

Résumé Après s’être répandu dans le secteur public, le management vient contribuer à la rénovation du secteur social et médico-social. Les réformes des formations des métiers du travail social rendent compte de cette évolution appréhendée ici à partir de l’exemple des formations au diplôme d’État d’éducateur spécialisé ( dees ). Elles tendraient à minorer les questions relatives au positionnement professionnel (et à l’analyse des pratiques) portées traditionnellement par le travailleur social de base au profit de l’expertise (ingénierie sociale) et de la méthodologie de projet. L’approche managériale ainsi envisagée ne se contenterait pas de redéfinir l’acte éducatif dans une version plus individualisée et décontextualisée (au détriment de l’accompagnement social) en provenance d’un sujet plutôt métaphysique. Elle le ferait en réfutant les sciences humaines (disparition des références à elles dans la formation qui les rend facultatives) et surtout en ignorant le « sujet concret », celui qui se construit dans son rapport à l’extériorité, à son environnement et à l’autre. Une telle perspective ne peut qu’interroger le sens de la formation et le devenir même du travail social.
A New Reliability Calculation Algorithm Based on Sensitivity Analysis and its Application to Reliability-Based Robust Global Optimization of Electromagnetic Device with Uncertain Design Variables
Authors: Ren Zi Yan , Zhang Dian Hai , Pham Minh Trien , Koh Chang Seop
Published: June 2012

A novel reliability calculation algorithm is developed and applied to a robust optimization of electromagnetic device with uncertain design variables taken into account. The proposed algorithm, to calculate the reliability of a given design, incorporates sensitivity analysis based on finite element method with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method so that it has higher numerical efficiency than conventional methods: MCS and first-order reliability methods. Through numerical examples, its applicability to a reliability-based robust optimal design of electromagnetic device is demonstrated.
Power Quality Considerations for Microgrids Integrating Pairs of Mechanically Coupled Electrical Machines Driven by Power Converters
Authors: Tsampouris Evangelos M. , Kakosimos Panagiotis E. , Patsios Charalampos K. , Kladas Antonios
Published: June 2012

Microgrids integrating distributed motor-generator units are commonplace in locomotive and industrial applications. The behavior of these systems is dependent upon various design-operating parameters. However there is a distinct relation between power quality and power flow within these units. This paper presents an analysis of power quality measurements, depicting this interdependence. Respective results can be taken under consideration during power flow programming, enabling enhanced system operation.
Retention of Fuel Hydrogen Retention of Tungsten Plasma Facing Wall in Fusion Reactor
Authors: Hino Tomoaki , Yamauchi Yuji , Nishimura Kiyohiko , Ueda Yoshio
Published: June 2012

In-vessel tritium inventory in fusion reactors has to be reduced from a view point of safety in fusion reactors. It is required to evaluate the amount of tritium retained in tungsten plasma facing walls. The plasma discharge with hydrogen isotope (deuterium) was conducted to evaluate the tritium retention in tungsten. The glow discharges using helium, neon and argon were performed after the deuterium discharge to reduce the deuterium retention. The use of inert gas discharge little reduced the deuterium retention. Namely, the inert gas glow discharge is not useful to reduce the tritium inventory. The deuterium glow discharge significantly replaced the hydrogen in the tungsten wall into the deuterium. Thus, the deuterium glow discharge is quite useful to reduce the tritium inventory through the hydrogen isotope exchange. The use of neon or argon glow discharge followed by deuterium discharge can more reduce the tritium inventory. In addition, the tritium inventory can be easily reduced if the wall baking with a temperature of 700-800K is conducted.
Non-Destructive Testing of Hardened Carbon Steel Using Frequency Sweeping Excitation and Spectrogram Method
Authors: Matsuda Taisuke , Tsuchida Yuji , Enokizono Masato
Published: June 2012

In this paper, we present a frequency sweeping excitation and spectrogram method (FSES method) for non-destructive testing of hardened carbon steels. The FSES method can evaluate the electromagnetic properties in materials which were changed after induction heating. Therefore, it’s possible to evaluate the hardening conditions using the FSES method. We applied our method to the practical car seat parts to use in actual products. The surface of the hardening sample is deformation by the induction heating. We show the method that can evaluate the hardening conditions without being influenced by the surface deformation.
Joint Operation of a Solar Station and a Superconducting Kinetic Energy Storage Device
Authors: Sokolovsky Vladimir , Meerovich Victor , Goren Shaul , Chubraeva Lidia , Vajda Istvan
Published: June 2012

It was experimentally shown that joint application of a solar station and a superconducting flywheel (a kinetic energy storage device) can solve the main problem of renewable energy sources: to provide uninterrupted and controlled power supplying. The storage device changes its operation mode (stand-by, charging, discharging) practically without any delay and its use leads to an increase of the transient stability of a power system.
Reduction of Power Grid Losses by Using Energy Efficient Distribution Transformers
Authors: Kefalas Themistoklis D. , Kladas Antonios
Published: June 2012

The importance of distribution transformer no-load loss on the operation of modern electrical grids is often underestimated. Internationally, distribution transformer no-load loss constitutes nearly 25% of the transmission and distribution losses of electrical grids. The losses in European Union distribution transformers are estimated at about 33 TWh/year whereas, reactive power and harmonic losses add a further 5 TWh/year. In the Greek electrical grid the no-load losses of 140,000 distribution transformers are estimated at about 490 GWh/year. This paper has two goals the first one is to illustrate the significance of distribution transformer no-load loss in periods of high electric energy cost and the second goal is the presentation of a novel numerical methodology for wound core transformers no-load loss analysis, enabling to determine the economically and technically optimum transformer for every use.
Spin-Lattice Relaxation of Dipolar Energy in Fluid Confined to Nanosize Cavities
Authors: Furman Gregory , Goren Shaul
Published: June 2012

We shown that by means of the two pulse sequence, the spin system of a liquid entrapped into nanosize cavities can be prepared in quasi-equilibrium states of high dipolar order. Then the dipolar order relaxes to thermal equilibrium with the lattice with a relaxation time T1d. It was shown that large number of spins T1d increases as the square to the concentration of the molecules C and decreases as inverse of the number of spins, T1d - C²/N. Study of spin lattice relaxation of dipolar energy in a spin system under the bounded region is important for extracting very useful parameter characterized nanomaterials from NMR experimental data.
Evaluation of the Iron Loss Distribution of the Actual Stator Core Using Small Excitation Inner Cores
Authors: Oka Mohachiro , Kazunori Shimada , Makoto Kawano , Enokizono Masato
Published: June 2012

To obtain the basic data to manufacture the highly effective rotating machine, the axial iron loss distribution of an actual stator core of the complex structure was evaluated by using the small excitation inner core. The laminated thickness of this small excitation inner core is approximately 1/6 of the thickness of the stator core. Therefore, the circumferential iron loss distribution of the stator core and the axial iron loss distribution of a stator core can be measured by using this small excitation inner core. Then, to compare the difference of the axial iron loss distribution in the stator core, we investigated the axial iron loss distribution in the actual stator core after two manufacturing processes, the laminating process and the shrink fitting process. The iron losses were measured in three places (the edge, the quarter part, and the center) of two stator cores. As a result of our investigation, the axial iron loss distribution in the actual stator core clearly changed. This paper reports on the axial iron loss distribution in two manufacturing processes in two actual stator cores measured by using the small excitation inner core.
IL-33 Priming Regulates Multiple Steps of the Neutrophil-Mediated Anti-Candida albicans Response by Modulating TLR and Dectin-1 Signals
Authors: Le Hongnga T. , Tran Vuvi G. , Kim Wonyoung , Kim Juyang , Cho Hong R. , Kwon Byungsuk
Published: June 2012

IL-33 is known to play an important role in Th2 immunity. In this study, we investigated the effect of IL-33 pretreatment on anti-fungal response using an acute Candida albicans peritoneal infection model. IL-33 pretreatment induced a rapid fungal clearance and markedly reduced the C. albicans infection-associated mortality. The priming effect of IL-33 occurred during multiple steps of the neutrophil-mediated anti-fungal response. First, the anti-fungal effect occurred due to the rapid and massive recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection as a result of the release of CXCR2 chemokines by peritoneal macrophages and by reversal of the TLR-induced reduction of CXCR2 expression in neutrophils during IL-33 priming. Second, conditioning of neutrophils by IL-33 activated the TLR and dectin-1 signaling pathways, leading to the upregulation of complement receptor 3 expression induced by C. albicans. Upregulated CR3 in turn increased the phagocytosis of opsonized C. albicans and resulted in the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species and the subsequent enhanced killing activity of neutrophils. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-33 can regulate the anti-fungal activity of neutrophils by collaborative modulation of the signaling pathways of different classes of innate immune receptors.
Exploring a model for finding meaning in the changing world of work (Part 2)
Authors: Burger Daniel H. , Crous Freddie , Roodt Gert
Published: June 2012

Orientation: This article explores the role that meaning, as logotherapy conceptualises it, can play to facilitate organisational changes.Research purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore further a model an earlier paper proposed for using employees’ experiences of meaning in work contexts to facilitate changes.Motivation for the study: The researchers could not find a comprehensive model in the literature for addressing employees’ experiences of meaning in, or at, work during organisational changes. A previous paper proposed such a model, but it addressed only one component fully. This article seeks to explore this model further to address this apparent gap in the literature.Research design, approach and method: The researchers used a literature review to conduct the study. The components of the model directed this review in order to find meaning at work.Main findings: The actions of organisations, which aim to create positive organisational contexts (through practices for improving meaning at work and transcendence) and to frame changes using ‘Logo-OD’, can improve employees’ experiences of meaning during organisational changes.Practical/managerial implications: Understanding the relationship between meaning and organisational change, and applying the model this article presents, can contribute to the overall success of change initiatives.Contribution/value-add: This study’s primary contribution stems from the novel framework it presents for organisations to use the knowledge about how employees search for meaning to facilitate changes.
Characterization and Prediction of Chemical Inhibition Performance for Erosion-Corrosion Conditions in Sweet Oil and Gas Production
Authors: Hassani Sh. , Roberts K.P. , Shirazi S.A. , Shadley J.R. , Rybicki E.F. , Joia C.
Published: June 2012

The effects of sand erosion on inhibitor performance have been examined in a flow loop using an impinging jet test cell and different techniques such as long-term weight loss (WL), linear polarization resistance (LPR), potentiodynamic polarization (PDYN), 3-D profilometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Inhibition mechanisms and the relation between inhibitor concentration and corrosion penetration rate are described by the Flory-Huggins, Frumkin, Temkin, and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Flow loop tests indicated that sand particle erosion can decrease the efficiency of an imidazoline-based inhibitor by removing the inhibitor protective layer from the surface. Therefore, an increased concentration of inhibitor is needed during sand production to achieve the same effectiveness. It was shown that an inhibitor adsorption isotherm can be integrated into a mechanistic model for prediction of carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion to predict CO2 corrosion rates as a function of inhibitor concentration. Also, the inhibitor adsorption isotherm has been modified as a function of erosivity to predict the effect of erosivity on corrosion inhibition. One novel approach is discussed for predicting the inhibited erosion-corrosion rate based on the modified inhibitor adsorption isotherms combined with mechanistic models for predicting CO2 corrosion rates and sand particle erosion rates.
Islam in Kombo: The Spiritual and Militant Jihād of Fodé Ibrahim Silla Turé
Authors: Skinner David E.
Published: June 2012

The dynamic career of Fodé Ibrahim Turé, known as Fodé Silla in the literature about the Gambia River region, is the basis for an analysis of the development and influence of Islam during the second half of the nineteenth century. Fodé Turé is one of several spiritual and militant Muslims who were identified by British and French officials as leaders of jihād movements that were impeding their control over political institutions and economic resources during the period of imperial expansion. The article examines Fodé Turé’s relations with Muslim and non-Muslim communities and with British and French administrators and describes his efforts to create an Islamic state in Kombo andadjacent areas of Casamance. Although his goal is ultimately thwarted by European imperial advancement, his reputation as a great Muslim scholar and militant leader remains vibrant in the twenty-first century.
Spectral absorption of biomass burning aerosol determined from retrieved single scattering albedo during ARCTAS
Authors: Corr C. A. , Hall S. R. , Ullmann K. , Anderson B. E. , Beyersdorf A. J. , Thornhill K. L. , Cubison M. J. , Jimenez J. L. , Wisthaler A. , Dibb J. E.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Actinic flux, as well as aerosol chemical and optical properties, were measured aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) mission in Spring and Summer 2008. These measurements were used in a radiative transfer code to retrieve spectral (350–550 nm) aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) for biomass burning plumes encountered on 17 April and 29 June. Retrieved SSA values were subsequently used to calculate the absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) over the 350–500 nm range. Both plumes exhibited enhanced spectral absorption with AAE values that exceeded 1 (6.78 for 17 April and 3.34 for 29 June). This enhanced absorption was primarily due to organic aerosol (OA) which contributed significantly to total absorption at all wavelengths for both 17 April (57.7%) and 29 June (56.2%). OA contributions to absorption were greater at UV wavelengths than at visible wavelengths for both cases. Differences in AAE values between the two cases were attributed to differences in plume age and thus to differences in the ratio of OA and black carbon (BC) concentrations. However, notable differences between AAE values calculated for the OA (AAEOA) for 17 April (9.59) and 29 June (4.94) suggested differences in the plume AAE values might also be due to differences in organic aerosol composition. The 17 April OA was much more oxidized than the 29 June OA as denoted by a higher oxidation state value for 17 April (+0.16 versus −0.32). Differences in the AAEOA, as well as the overall AAE, were thus also likely due to oxidation of biomass burning primary organic aerosol in the 17 April plume that resulted in the formation of OA with a greater spectral-dependence of absorption.
Silicon stable isotope distribution traces Southern Ocean export of Si to the eastern South Pacific thermocline
Authors: de Souza G. F. , Reynolds B. C. , Johnson G. C. , Bullister J. L. , Bourdon B.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. The cycling and transport of dissolved silicon (Si) in the ocean may be traced by its stable isotope composition, δ30Si. We present a dataset of δ30Si values along 103° W in the eastern South Pacific Ocean, ranging from the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean (62° S) to the equatorial Pacific (12° S). At high southern latitudes, the uptake and associated isotope fractionation of Si by diatoms results in highly elevated δ30Si values (up to +3.2 ‰) in the summer mixed layer. The efficient export of diatom opal to depths inaccessible to annual winter convection is reflected by high δ30Si values (+2 ‰) preserved in high-latitude winter mixed layers. These elevated δ30Si values are introduced into the ocean interior by the subduction of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), whose northward spreading results in a strong isopycnal control on lower-thermocline and intermediate δ30Si values in the well-ventilated eastern South Pacific. Values of δ30Si are strongly conserved along SAMW and AAIW density levels as far north as 26° S, documenting the importance of the export of preformed Si from the surface Southern Ocean to lower latitudes. In contrast, in the equatorial Pacific, depressed δ30Si values in the mesopelagic ocean are observed, most likely documenting the combined influence of a North Pacific Si source as well as the accumulation of remineralized Si within the eastern equatorial Pacific shadow zone. At depth, δ30Si values in the South Pacific remain indistinguishable from deep Southern Ocean values of +1.25 ‰, even within Si-rich and oxygen-poor deep waters returning from the North Pacific. This homogeneity implies that the dissolution of opal plays a negligible role in altering the δ30Si value of deep waters as they traverse the deep Pacific Ocean.
Towards a public, standardized, diagnostic benchmarking system for land surface models
Authors: Abramowitz G.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. This work examines different conceptions of land surface model benchmarking and the importance of internationally standardized evaluation experiments that specify data sets, variables, metrics and model resolutions. It additionally demonstrates how essential the definition of a priori expectations of model performance can be, based on the complexity of a model and the amount of information being provided to it, and gives an example of how these expectations might be quantified. Finally, the Protocol for the Analysis of Land Surface models (PALS) is introduced – a free, online land surface model benchmarking application that is structured to meet both of these goals.
137Cs off Fukushima Dai-ichi, Japan – model based estimates of dilution and fate
Authors: Dietze H. , Kriest I.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. In the aftermath of an earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011 radioactive 137Cs was discharged from a damaged nuclear power plant to the sea off Fukushima Dai-ichi, Japan. Here we explore its dilution and fate with a state-of-the-art global ocean general circulation model, which is eddy-resolving in the region of interest. We find apparent consistency between our simulated circulation, estimates of 137Cs discharged ranging from 0.94 p Bq (Japanese Government, 2011) to 3.5 ± 0.7 p Bq (Tsumune et al., 2012), and measurements by Japanese authorities and the power plant operator. In contrast, our simulations are apparently inconsistent with the high 27 ± 15 p Bq discharge estimate of Bailly du Bois et al. (2012). Expressed in terms of a diffusivity we diagnose, from our simulations, an initial dilution on the shelf of 60 to 100 m2 s−1. The cross-shelf diffusivity is at 500 ± 300 m2 s−1 significantly higher and variable in time as indicated by its uncertainty. Expressed as an effective residence time of surface water on the shelf, the latter estimate transfers to 43 ± 16 days. As regards the fate of 137Cs, our simulations suggest that activities up to 4 mBq l−1 prevail in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Interfrontal Zone one year after the accident. This allows for low but detectable 0.1 to 0.3 m Bq l−1 entering the North Pacific Intermediate Water before the 137Cs signal is flushed away. The latter estimates concern the direct release to the sea only.
PlotGoogleMaps: The R-Based Web-Mapping Tool for Thematic Spatial Data
Authors: Kilibarda Milan , Bajat Branislav
Published: June 2012

Google Maps are increasingly used for communication throughout many map-based services and maps, embedded on third-party websites via the Google Maps API. The main objective of this paper is to present a solution for an easy creation of an interactive web map, with a base map supplied by Google, where all map elements and additional functionalities are handled by just one line of code. The present solution for the automatic creation of a complete web map, based on the Google Maps API, is the R package plotGoogleMaps. This tool provides a new interactive plot device for handling the geographic data for web browsers. It also offers a complete map in the HTML format, which has become a regular medium for cartographic communication. The tool plotGoogleMaps is developed in the R software language and it is designed for the automatic creation of web maps, as a combination of users’ data and Google Maps layers.
Logistic controlling as a possible way to prosperity in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kantnerová Liběna
Published: June 2012

The paper shows problems in the logistics and logistic controlling in the conditions of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech Republic. It includes results of the first phase of research within this area made in 2008 – 2009. The set includes answers of 104 enterprises in total of 132 possible answers (in a questionnaire research). We can find the main trends in relationships among the answers, i.e. size of enterprises and the function of the controlling department.
Ce qu’accompagner veut dire
Authors: Gagnon Éric , Moulin Pierre , Eysermann Béatrice
Published: June 2012

Le mot « accompagnement » s’est largement diffusé et popularisé au cours dernières années pour qualifier des pratiques d’intervention auprès de publics variés, dans des secteurs les plus divers — malades, sans-abri, élèves en difficultés, immigrants, etc.. À partir d’entrevues réalisées en France auprès d’intervenants oeuvrant dans quatre secteurs — soins palliatifs, soins aux personnes âgées, éducation, insertion au travail —, nous avons cherché à savoir ce que le mot accompagnement désigne et à dégager ce que ces pratiques ont en commun et ce qui les distingue. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence le socle idéologique commun à des pratiques d’accompagnement par ailleurs très différentes. Cela nous a également permis de clarifier quelques-uns des enjeux posés par les transformations actuelles de l’intervention psychosociale.
SIRT5 mutants reveal the role of conserved asparagine and glutamine residues in the NAD+‐binding pocket
Authors: Yokoyama Takeshi , Takayama Yuki , Mizuguchi Mineyuki , Nabeshima Yuko , Kusaka Katsuhiro
Published: June 2024

SIRT5, one of the mammalian sirtuins, specifically recognizes succinyl‐lysine residues on proteins and catalyzes the desuccinylation reaction. In this study, we characterized SIRT5 mutants with hydrophobic amino acid substitutions at Q140 and N141, in addition to the catalytic residue H158, known as an active site residue, by the Michaelis–Menten analysis and X‐ray crystallography. Kinetic analysis showed that the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the Q140L and N141V mutants decreased to 0.02 times and 0.0038 times that of the wild‐type SIRT5, respectively, with the activity of the N141V mutant becoming comparable to that of the H158M mutant. Our findings indicate that N141 contributes significantly to the desuccinylation reaction.
A novel EPID‐based MLC QA method with log files achieving submillimeter accuracy
Authors: Liu Chenlu , Wang Binbing , Bai Xue , Cheng Xiaolong , Wang Xiaotong , Yang Xiaohua , Shan Guoping
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop an electronic portal imaging device‐based multi‐leaf collimator calibration procedure using log files.

Picket fence fields with 2–14 mm nominal strip widths were performed and normalized by open field. Normalized pixel intensity profiles along the direction of leaf motion for each leaf pair were taken. Three independent algorithms and an integration method derived from them were developed according to the valley value, valley area, full‐width half‐maximum (FWHM) of the profile, and the abutment width of the leaf pairs obtained from the log files. Three data processing schemes (Scheme A, Scheme B, and Scheme C) were performed based on different data processing methods. To test the usefulness and robustness of the algorithm, the known leaf position errors along the direction of perpendicular leaf motion via the treatment planning system were introduced in the picket fence field with nominal 5, 8, and 11 mm. Algorithm tests were performed every 2 weeks over 4 months.

According to the log files, about 17.628% and 1.060% of the leaves had position errors beyond ± 0.1 and ± 0.2 mm, respectively. The absolute position errors of the algorithm tests for different data schemes were 0.062 ± 0.067 (Scheme A), 0.041 ± 0.045 (Scheme B), and 0.037 ± 0.043 (Scheme C). The absolute position errors of the algorithms developed by Scheme C were 0.054 ± 0.063 (valley depth method), 0.040 ± 0.038 (valley area method), 0.031 ± 0.031 (FWHM method), and 0.021 ± 0.024 (integrated method). For the efficiency and robustness test of the algorithm, the absolute position errors of the integration method of Scheme C were 0.020 ± 0.024 (5 mm), 0.024 ± 0.026 (8 mm), and 0.018 ± 0.024 (11 mm).

Different data processing schemes could affect the accuracy of the developed algorithms. The integration method could integrate the benefits of each algorithm, which improved the level of robustness and accuracy of the algorithm. The integration method can perform multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) quality assurance with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. This method is simple, effective, robust, quantitative, and can detect a wide range of MLC leaf position errors.
Scalable, Transparent, and Micro: 3D‐Printed Rapid Tooling for Injection Molded Microfluidics
Authors: Menezes Pedro Duarte , Hunter Alysha , Dickson Thomas , Hecht Soren , Kumar Charchit , Busek Mathias , Krauss Stefan , Gadegaard Nikolaj
Published: June 2024

The fast‐growing 3D printing industry is improving its hardware at an accelerated pace. This includes higher‐resolution printing combined with a wider range of photosensitive resins. The parallel development of rapid tooling (RT) for injection molding enables upscaling 3D‐printed designs. Within microfluidics, where prototyping and scalability are key, the development of 3D‐printed RT for injection molding can prove a competitive alternative to more traditional tooling methods. Herein, the dominating parameters impacting 3D‐printed RT for injection molding are investigated, enabling the delivery of durable, high‐resolution, and optically transparent microfluidics. It is found that reducing the sidewall waviness to 1.9 ± 0.4 μm and the interlocking angle to 1.9 ± 0.8° enhances the mold release success rate to 100 ± 0.0%. The surface roughness is reduced from 1.1 ± 0.1 μm to 0.2 ± 0.0 μm by increasing layer exposure during printing. In turn, this improves the optical transparency of molded replicas to >228 lp mm−1 line resolution and increased image contrast and amplitude. Ultimately, the established procedure proves capable of running a small‐scale production (≈500 parts) of a droplet generator with 50 μm channels, with a lead production time of under 3 h from computer‐aided design to a functional device.
Machine Learning‐Assisted Research and Development of Chemiresistive Gas Sensors
Authors: Yuan Zhenyu , Luo Xueman , Meng Fanli
Published: June 2024

The traditional trial‐and‐error testing to develop high‐performance chemiresistive gas sensors is inefficient and fails to meet the high demand for sensors in various industries. Machine learning (ML) can address the limitations of trial‐and‐error testing and can be effectively utilized for enhancing, developing, and designing sensors. This review first discusses the prediction of critical mechanism parameters of gas‐sensitive materials by ML, including adsorption energy, bandgap, thermal conductivity, and dielectric constant. Second, it proposes that ML can improve five performance indexes: selectivity, response/recovery time, stability, sensitivity, and accuracy. ML also facilitates the development and structural design of gas‐sensitive new materials. In addition, the potential of ML to optimize the sensor arrays is investigated, including reducing the number of sensors, identifying the best array combination, and improving recognition and detection capabilities. Finally, this article discusses the challenges and limitations of machine‐learning assisted chemiresistive gas sensors in practical applications and envisions their future development.
Ontology‐Based Data Acquisition, Refinement, and Utilization in the Development of a Multilayer Ferrite Inductor
Authors: Mieller Björn , Hassine Sahar Ben , Töpfer Jörg , Priese Christoph , Bochmann Arne , Capraro Beate , Stark Sebastian , Partsch Uwe , Fresemann Carina
Published: June 2024

A key aspect in the development of multilayer inductors is the magnetic permeability of the ferrite layers. Herein, the effects of different processing steps on the permeability of a NiCuZn ferrite are investigated. Dry‐pressed, tape‐cast, and cofired multilayer samples are analyzed. An automated data pipeline is applied to structure the acquired experimental data according to a domain ontology based on Platform MaterialDigital core ontology. Example queries to the ontology show how the determined process–property correlations are accessible to nonexperts and thus how suitable data for component design can be identified. It is demonstrated how the inductance of cofired multilayer inductors is reliably predicted by simulations if the appropriate input data corresponding to the manufacturing process is used.
High‐Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells via Buried Interface Modification with Multi‐Functional Phosphorylcholine Chloride
Authors: Yuan Yin , Cao Yang , Yang Zhou , (Frank) Liu Shengzhong , Feng Jiangshan
Published: June 2024

The electron transport layer (ETL), perovskite layer, hole transport layer, and electrode layer collectively constitute the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Each of these layers plays a critical role in the performance of devices. However, there are mismatches in crystal structure and energy levels between ETL materials and the perovskite layer, resulting in numerous defects at their interface. In this study, multifunctional organic molecule called phosphorylcholine chloride is designed to modify the interface between SnO2 and perovskite layer. This modification serves to both reduce oxygen vacancy defects in the SnO2 and passivate defects in the perovskite layer. Consequently, the conductivity and electron mobility of SnO2 are improved, and the higher‐quality of perovskite film is obtained. Ultimately, the optimized PSC device achieves an impressive champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.34% with minimal hysteresis index. Even after 1200 h of ambient exposure at 25 °C and 25% relative humidity without encapsulation, the device maintains an impressive 91.44% of its initial efficiency. Additionally, a PCE of 22.38% is attained in flexible PSCs. This research will pave the way for the development of low interface defects, high stability as well as high PCE perovskite solar cells.
Transcranial NIR Neuromodulation via Multifunctional Nano‐Optical Electrodes for Relieving Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Nie Jianfang , Zhang Ya , Wang Bingfang , Wu Haofan , Chang Zhiqiang , Ren Qinjuan , Zheng Jialin Charles , Zhao Dongyuan , Fang Yin
Published: June 2024

Neuromodulation stands as a cornerstone in the therapeutic landscape for neurological disorders, yet the quest for selective stimulation of specific brain regions with minimal invasiveness and high spatiotemporal precision remains a formidable challenge. In this study, a multifunctional nano‐optical electrode (NOE) to mitigate depressive symptoms in animal models of depression is introduced. The NOEs' core–shell architecture integrates mesoporous carbon shells for optimal absorption of near‐infrared (NIR) light, alongside superparamagnetic ferric oxide nanocluster cores for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visibility. This configuration enables the precise excitation of untransfected neurons using NIR irradiation. The MRI‐guided NIR neuromodulation via NOEs can significantly alleviate depressive symptoms in mice. This is evidenced by the observed enhancement in pleasure‐seeking behaviors, improved motor functions, and a decrease in behaviors indicative of despair. The alleviation of depressive symptoms is ascribed to the NOEs' role as an efficient NIR light transducer, which boosts neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The MRI compatibility of the NOEs augments the spatial resolution, further refining the precision of neuromodulation. The multimodal, precise, transcranial, and non‐genetic approach of the NOEs‐based neuromodulation strategy heralds a new era in the optical‐theranostics of neurological disorders.
Strain‐Insensitive Pre‐Stretch‐Stabilized Polymer/Gold Hybrid Electrodes for Electrochemiluminescent Devices
Authors: Chen Ziyu , Zhou Runhui , Huang Jiaoya , Xu Huichen , Li Zemin , Wang Yushu , Bao Rongrong , He Jiang , Pan Caofeng
Published: June 2024

The quest for stretchable properties is at the forefront of research dedicated to on‐skin light–emitting devices. Inspired by the natural wonders of bioluminescence, electrochemiluminescent devices (ECLDs) are distinguished by straightforward design and reduced operating voltage, marking a departure from traditional current‐driven electroluminescent devices (ACELDs). The primary challenge of fully‐stretchable ECLDs lies in crafting electrodes that simultaneously satisfy the demands for conductivity, transparency, stretchability, oxidation resistance, and interface stability. This research introduces a groundbreaking wrinkled polymer‐gold composite electrode. It extends to 50% stretchability, offers outstanding conductivity at 10 Ω sq−1, achieves transparency above 60%, and withstands over 10 000 stretching cycles. Employing this material, alongside stretchable electrospinning fiber luminescent layers, enabled the creation of fully‐stretchable ECLDs. These devices not only shine brightly at 30 Cd m−2 but also retain more than 90% of luminosity when stretched up to 50%. Furthermore, this work has engineered stretchable devices featuring singular patterns and multi‐dot arrays. They exhibit consistent luminescent output under bending, twisting, and stretching when applied to skin. These findings not only highlight the potential of polymer‐gold composite electrodes in overcoming challenges faced by stretchable electronic devices but also provide new ideas for wearable technology that seamlessly integrates with human body.
An Ice‐Dissolving‐Crosslinking Method for Efficient and Large‐Scale Preparation of Polyelectrolyte Monoliths with Ultra‐Stability in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Ni Yunxia , Hu Rongjun , Cheng Ziyao , Meng Fandong , Sun Fuqian
Published: June 2024

Ice‐templating is a versatile method for constructing macro‐porous hydrophilic polymer materials. However, the ice‐templating method is generally limited by high energy cost and low efficiency for large‐scale fabrication. Further, due to its hydrophilic nature, the constructed materials are vulnerable to water swelling and have poor structural stability. Here, an Ice‐Dissolving‐Crosslinking (IDCr) method is developed for efficient and large‐scale preparation of polyelectrolyte monoliths with ultra‐stability in aqueous environment. Specifically, Ice‐Dissolving in water‐miscible organic solvent is responsible for pore creation, while subsequent Crosslinking ensures pore structures stabilization. The macro‐porous architecture of materials, taking sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a polyelectrolyte example and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as the crosslinker, CMC‐TMCIDCr is made much stabler as compared with the case of conventional Lyophilization‐Crosslinking technique (CMC‐TMCLC). The IDCr method is applicable to various hydrophilic polyelectrolytes and hybrids for long‐time use in water and brines, as exemplified by CMC‐TMC‐carbon nanotubes monolith, which exhibits high performance in solar thermal desalination process. This novel approach opens up new opportunities for the construction of porous monoliths with efficient preparation and excellent water stability.
Continuous‐Flow Solution Plasma for the Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Single/Dual‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Xing Yanmei , Wu Qi , Wang Changhua , Li Yuanyuan , Li Dashuai , Liang Shuang , Wang Rui , Ma He , Liu Yichun , Zhang Xintong
Published: June 2024

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) manifest unique advantages in various aspects of catalysis but face challenges in atom‐economic synthesis. Solution reduction holds the promise of fast, continuous, and low‐cost synthesis of SACs, however, almost no chemical, electrochemical, or photochemical reduction can avoid the aggregation of metal atoms in solution. The issue becomes even tougher to composite dual‐atom metals together. Herein, a continuous‐flow solution plasma (CSP) method is developed, which utilizes high‐flux hydrated electrons, hydrogen radicals, and enhanced metal–support interaction, to achieve over 97% capture efficiency of metal precursors to fabricate CeO2‐based single‐atom Au, Rh, Pd, Ru, and Pt in only 0.03‐s residence time. Further, a programmed CSP synthesis of Au1Rh1/CeO2 and Au1Pd1/CeO2 dual‐atom catalysts is demonstrated. Under Xe lamp irradiation, Au1Rh1/CeO2 breaks room temperature constraints in CO conversion for the water–gas shift reaction with a T50 (the temperature at which 50% CO conversion occurs) of 298 K. The innovative CSP technology provides an atom‐economic approach to the continuous production of SACs using clean electricity without any additional reducing agent, paving the way for the programmed and green synthesis of SACs for industrial catalysis, energy conversion, and environment remedy applications.
Ionic Liquid‐Assisted One‐Step Large‐Scale Synthesis of Cs2ZrCl6:CDs Composites with Tunable Multicolor Afterglow Emission
Authors: Cao Mengyan , Zhao Xiujian , Gong Xiao
Published: June 2024

The strategy of utilizing all‐inorganic lead‐free perovskites as the matrix to form synergies with complementary functional nanomaterials has attracted great interest. In this study, a simplified one‐pot method that is employed to combine carbon dots with the all‐inorganic perovskites Cs2ZrCl6 to form a novel nano/microstructured composite is reported. The abundant functional groups on the surface of the carbon dots can effectively form coordination bonds with the Zr4+ ions in Cs2ZrCl6, realizing the effective dispersion of the carbon dots in the matrix. The composite not only introduces a synergistic interaction between carbon dots and Cs2ZrCl6, but also exhibits novel afterglow emission. This afterglow emission arises from the synergistic immobilization of triple excitons in a 3D spatially confined and rigid environment, thereby suppressing non‐radiative excitation processes. Tunable afterglow emission over the entire spectral range is achieved through control of the carbon source reactants, highlighting the outstanding versatility of this composite approach. This composite exhibits dual‐mode fluorescence and afterglow emission, holding tremendous potential for applications in information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting.
Formation and Detriments of Residual Alkaline Compounds on High‐Nickel Layered Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Cui Zehao , Zuo Peng , Guo Zezhou , Wang Chongmin , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: June 2024

High‐nickel layered oxides LiNixM1‐xO2 (x ≥ 0.9) have emerged as promising cathode materials for automotive batteries due to their high energy density and lower cost. However, the formation and accumulation of surface alkaline compounds during storage hinder their mass production and commercialization. Here, a validated chemical method is employed to deconvolute and quantify the evolution of each residual lithium compound in four representative cathodes during ambient‐air storage, viz., LiNiO2 (LNO), LiNi0.95Co0.05O2 (NC), LiNi0.95Mn0.05O2 (NM), and LiNi0.95Al0.05O2 (NA). Furthermore, the activation energy of the reaction between water and the cathode is determined by measuring the leached LiOH concentration at various temperatures. While residual lithium and time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry measurements collectively reveal that the air stability overall follows the trend of NM > NA ≈ NC > LNO, the aged NM exhibits the highest charge‐transfer resistance and the worst electrochemical performance among the cathodes. In situ, X‐ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy unveil that the aged NM is plagued by a large area of resistive spinel‐like M3–xLixO4 phases, leading to aggravated particle reaction heterogeneity. Finally, a one‐step recalcination method is demonstrated effective in fully restoring the degraded cathodes. This work provides insights into overcoming air sensitivity issues of high‐Ni cathodes.
Multicompartment Polyion Complex Micelles Based on Triblock Polypept(o)ides Mediate Efficient siRNA Delivery to Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts for Antistromal Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Schneider Paul , Zhang Heyang , Simic Leon , Dai Zhuqing , Schrörs Barbara , Akilli‐Öztürk Özlem , Lin Jian , Durak Feyza , Schunke Jenny , Bolduan Vanessa , Bogaert Bram , Schwiertz David , Schäfer Gabriela , Bros Matthias , Grabbe Stephan , Schattenberg Jörn Markus , Raemdonck Koen , Koynov Kaloian , Diken Mustafa , Kaps Leonard , Barz Matthias
Published: June 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer and the third leading cause for cancer‐related death worldwide. The tumor is difficult‐to‐treat due to its inherent resistance to chemotherapy. Antistromal therapy is a novel therapeutic approach, targeting cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAF) in the tumor microenvironment. CAF‐derived microfibrillar‐associated protein 5 (MFAP‐5) is identified as a novel target for antistromal therapy of HCC with high translational relevance. Biocompatible polypept(o)ide‐based polyion complex micelles (PICMs) constructed with a triblock copolymer composed of a cationic poly(l‐lysine) complexing anti‐MFAP‐5 siRNA (siMFAP‐5) via electrostatic interaction, a poly(γ‐benzyl‐l‐glutamate) block loading cationic amphiphilic drug desloratatine (DES) via π–π interaction as endosomal escape enhancer and polysarcosine poly(N‐methylglycine) for introducing stealth properties, are generated for siRNA delivery. Intravenous injection of siMFAP‐5/DES PICMs significantly reduces the hepatic tumor burden in a syngeneic implantation model of HCC, with a superior MFAP‐5 knockdown effect over siMFAP‐5 PICMs or lipid nanoparticles. Transcriptome and histological analysis reveal that MFAP‐5 knockdown inhibited CAF‐related tumor vascularization, suggesting the anti‐angiogenic effect of RNA interference therapy. In conclusion, multicompartment PICMs combining siMFAP‐5 and DES in a single polypept(o)ide micelle induce a specific knockdown of MFAP‐5 and demonstrate a potent antitumor efficacy (80% reduced tumor burden vs untreated control) in a clinically relevant HCC model.