bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques on Blood Glucose Levels in Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Aulia Chasana Trisna , Diah Jerita Eka Sari  , Fauzia Zuhroh Diah , Widiharti Widiharti
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The International Diabetes Federation revealed that Indonesia is currently ranked sixth worldwide for deaths from diabetes in 2021. In addition to pharmacological therapy, managing type 2 diabetes mellitus can use non-pharmacological therapies, such as progressive muscle relaxation therapy. This study aimed to analyze the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on blood glucose levels in older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method: This study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental approach, pre-test, and post-test with a control group. Sampling technique random sampling of 70 elderly. Instruments: observation sheet of blood glucose levels and PMR SOP. Data analysis using the T-Test.
Results: The average blood glucose level before the intervention was 211.7 mg/dl and 183.74 mg/dl after the intervention. In the intervention group, there was an effect with p-value = 0.036 (p-value <0.05). Post-intervention and post-control, there was no difference with a value of 0.074 (p> 0.05), meaning there is no difference.
Conclusions: Progressive muscle relaxation affects blood glucose levels in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the elderly Posyandu, Singosari Village.
Microbiome changes in esophageal cancer: implications for pathogenesis and prognosis
Authors: Li Yi , Wei Bing , Xue Xia , Li Hongle , Li Jun
Published: October 2023

Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Various factors, including dietary habits, and antacid and antibiotic use, have been shown to influence the esophageal microbiome. Conversely, enrichment and diversity of the esophageal microbiome can also impact its function. Recent studies have revealed prevalent changes in the esophageal microbiome among patients with EC, thus suggesting the potential contribution of the esophageal microbiome to EC development. Additionally, distinct microbiome compositions have been observed in patients with different responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, indicating the role of the esophageal microbiome in modulating treatment outcomes. In this review, we have examined previous studies on the esophageal microbiome in healthy individuals and patients with EC or other esophageal diseases, with a focus on identifying microbial communities associated with EC pathogenesis and prognosis. Understanding the role of the microbiome in EC may aid in early detection and optimized treatment strategies, ultimately leading to better outcomes for patients.
Emerging roles of plasmacytoid dendritic cell crosstalk in tumor immunity
Authors: Yang Leilei , Li Songya , Chen Liuhui , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2023

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a pioneer cell type that produces type I interferon (IFN-I) and promotes antiviral immune responses. However, they are tolerogenic and, when recruited to the tumor microenvironment (TME), play complex roles that have long been a research focus. The interactions between pDCs and other components of the TME, whether direct or indirect, can either promote or hinder tumor development; consequently, pDCs are an intriguing target for therapeutic intervention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pDC crosstalk in the TME, including crosstalk with various cell types, biochemical factors, and microorganisms. An in-depth understanding of pDC crosstalk in TME should facilitate the development of novel pDC-based therapeutic methods.
Promoting medication safety with a unit-based safe medication management and use protocol - contents and development
Authors: Saavalainen Anu , Kuusisto Marianne , Linden-Lahti Carita , Laukkanen Emilia , Vahlberg Tero , Holmström Anna-Riia
Published: October 2023

Background
Deficiencies in medication safety have been identified as a central challenge to patient safety. In Finland, all health and social care units must establish a unit-based safe medication management and use (MMU) protocol to manage their medication safety risks. This study aimed to investigate the development practices and contents of unit-based safe MMU protocols as a measure for promoting medication safety.
Methods
The study was conducted as a cross-sectional online survey of Finnish registered nurses and pharmacists working in health and social care units. Frequencies and percentages described the data. Sum variables were formed to describe the comprehensiveness of the contents in the unit-based safe MMU protocols at the respondents’ units. Statistical differences in responses were assessed by t-test, Mann-Whitney-U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H-test.
Results
A total of 905 professionals responded to the survey (nurses 90.2%, pharmacists 9.8%). A unit-based MMU protocol existed in most respondents’ units (91.5%). In only 11.6% of the units, the protocol was developed as a multi-professional effort, more commonly in healthcare than social care units. On average, respondents rated the content of their MMU protocols as comprehensive, with no significant differences between work environments. The most weakly described areas were medication safety management (mean 3.09, SD 0.95), medication reconciliation and ensuring patient involvement in their medication care (mean 3.13, SD 0.81), and managing risks in the MMU process (mean 3.30, SD 0.68).
Conclusions
Unit-based safe MMU protocols are key tools in describing the MMU process and other practices related to medication safety in the Finnish health and social care service system. However, the multi-professional development of protocols should increase, especially in social care units, and promote the involvement of doctors and pharmacists in the process. Preventive, systems-based medication safety risk management needs to be strengthened in the protocols and the competencies of healthcare professionals in the present area.
The tooth movement efficiency of different orthodontic thermoplastics for clear aligners: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mu Chuangchuang , Sun Bingjing , Gong Zhicheng , Wei Yuanyuan , Chen Li , Zhang Wei , Wu Haimiao , Zhao Bingjiao
Published: October 2023

Introduction: With regard to the esthetics and comfort of orthodontic treatment, the requirement for removable clear aligners (CAs) is increasing. Unlike conventional fixed orthodontic appliances, CAs were made of thermoplastic film by thermoforming on the personalized dental models. The construction of orthodontic thermoplastic is a critical factor for orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are the most commonly orthodontic thermoplastics, however, the evidence of the differences between different orthodontic thermoplastic are limited to vitro environment and the evidence in vivo environment is not available. Therefore, this trial aims to provide reliable evidence for orthodontists’ personalized treatment plans whether the two most commonly used orthodontic thermoplastics of PETG and TPU have differences in the efficiency of OTM. Methods and analysis: This randomized controlled clinical study will recruit 44 orthodontic patients for orthodontic treatment. All the subjects will be randomized into two groups (PETG and TPU, n = 22 for each group). In the first stage (M0 to M1), clear aligners will be made of two orthodontic thermoplastics and move the maxillary first or second premolars 2mm. In the second stage, patients will take the standard orthodontic treatments. The primary outcome will be the efficiency of clear aligners made of different materials on the digital models. The secondary outcome will be the efficiency of clear aligners made of different materials on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The efficiency will be calculated through the superimposition of the digital models and CBCT. Discussion: The results from this trial will serve as evidence for orthodontists and manufacturers and clarify whether the difference in orthodontic thermoplastics significantly impacts the efficiency of OTM. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2300070980. Registered on 27 April 2023. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=186253
Assessing Higher Order Thinking Skills in Undergraduates Pathology: The Great Debate between Long Answer Questions and Multiple Choice Questions
Authors: Sajjanar Anita , Shrivastava Sandeep , Gajbe Ujwal , Tiwade Yugeshwari , Mishra Vaishnavi
Published: October 2023

The field of pathology plays a crucial role in understanding diseases and their mechanisms, making it an essential subject in undergraduate (UG) medical education. The assessment of higher-order thinking skills becomes paramount as educators strive to nurture well-rounded medical professionals. In this article, we explore the strengths and weaknesses of each method to determine which method is more suitable for evaluating higher order thinking skills in the undergraduate pathology curriculum. The study included all UG students of 2nd Professional, undergoing CBME and appearing in the subject of Pathology. The students were subjected to a write Laq question on general pathology topics after each lecture of must know category and high ordered thinking skills before 1st PCT theory exam. MCQs systemic pathology topics after each lecture of must know category and high ordered thinking skills before 2nd PCT theory exam. MCQS assessment methods demonstrated their merit in improving students' performance in the 2nd PCT theory exam. Moreover, the analysis of student feedback indicated a positive response to Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Based on the positive student feedback and significant improvement in their performance, educators should consider incorporating an approach to MCQ in the curriculum to foster comprehensive learning outcomes in pathology.
Large lakes moderate climate-change effects in boreal North America
Authors: Stralberg Diana , Morrison Kimberly , Beckers Justin , Price David , Parisien Marc-André , Nielsen Scott E , Paquin Dominique , Logan Travis
Published: October 2023

The interior biomes of North America are generally projected to experience rapid climatic change, especially with respect to drought indicators like potential evapotranspiration (PET). Focusing on the lake-rich and topographically varied North American boreal biome, we compared gradient-based climate velocity metrics for PET derived from the statistically downscaled ClimateNA product with dynamically downscaled metrics based on the Canadian regional climate model (CRCM5), which includes a 1-D freshwater lake model. We also developed regression tree models to examine the effects of land cover, topography, and geography on these differences. Across a range of global climate models (GCM), we found consistent, large differences in PET velocity–over 100 km/yr in some areas– between CRCM5 and ClimateNA. Within the boreal biome, we found that differences in the spatial gradient of change (mm/km), and hence in the gradient velocity metric (temporal gradient/spatial gradient) of annual PET, were largely explained by the percentage of lake coverage, especially at a broad scale (110-km × 110-km). Elevation effects were not detected. We found that the simple gradient velocity metric was remarkably robust to differences among GCMs in future PET projections, due to the high relative importance of spatial variation in temperature (i.e., spatial gradient), which often exceeded the magnitude of projected future change (i.e., temporal gradient). An important implication of our analysis is that regions surrounding large lakes are likely to be somewhat buffered from the full effects of climate change, serving as potential refugia for boreal ecosystems at a broad spatial scale.
A novel bio-inspired kangaroo leg structure for low-frequency vibration isolation
Authors: Ou Haifeng , Sun Xuemin , Wu Qinglin , Chen Zhendong , Chen Zheyu , Chen Qingyun , Hu Lingling
Published: October 2023

Inspired by the vibration mitigation effect of kangaroo’s legs, a novel bio-inspired kangaroo leg structure (BKLS) is proposed for low-frequency vibration isolation. The BKLS is composed of two main rods with different lengths (simulating the calf bone and thigh bone), two linear springs (simulating the internal and external muscles) and two auxiliary rods. The dynamic model is established based on the Lagrange principle to describe the nonlinear effects of BKLS, which are mainly contributed by the internal and external springs and the rotary joints. Experiments were carried out to verify the theoretical predictions and demonstrate that the proposed BKLS indeed possess superior low-frequency isolation performance without sacrificing the carrying capacity, which can effectively suppress vibration with frequencies higher than 1.06 Hz. Regardless of the isolation mass and the excitation conditions, the vibration isolation performance can be significantly improved by selecting appropriate structural parameters. The innovative and simple BKLS provides an effective method for low-frequency vibration isolation.
Reinforcement learning-based Optimized Multi-AgentFinite-time optimal synchronisation Control and its applicationto the Harmonic Oscillator
Authors: Gu Yaqi , Zhao Junsheng , Sun Zong-yao , Xie Xiangpeng
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the finite-time optimal synchronisation problem for leader-follower multiagent systems and its application to the harmonic oscillator models. Neural networks are introduced to fit the nonlinear terms of multi-agent systems due to the existence of unknown dynamics. In our designed framework, by modelling each agent as a resonator, their interactions and environment can be shaped as a networked system. In order to achieve synchronised behaviour with neighbouring agents in the network, an actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm is used to train each agent to learn the optimal policy while minimising energy consumption and maximising the overall performance of the system. Besides, a collaborative control strategy is designed such that it ensures that all agents work together to achieve the desired state in a finite amount of time. Finally, the validity of the theoretical method is proven by the Lyapunov stability theory and numerical simulation.
Competency-based Training in Anesthesiology: Train the Trainers First A descriptive cross-sectional survey study by the Committee of the ESAIC TTT Masterclass
Authors: Neskovic Vojislava , Oliveira Carmen , Raz Aeyal , Bromley Lesley
Published: October 2023

Background: It is not known the level of competence in teaching among trainers who are expected to deliver training according to the new European Training Requirement in Anesthesiology Updated in 2022.
Objective: The aim of this ESAIC TTT Masterclass is to establish the current level of knowledge and faculty development among European countries regarding competency-based training in anesthesia and intensive care.
Design: Cross-sectional survey, from September 1st 2021 until October 31st 2021
Setting: Not applicable
Participants: Anaesthesiologists responded to an online survey promoted by the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC)
Interventions: None
Main Outcome measure: Thirty closed questions regarding common practice in teaching, formal training in medical education, actual knowledge of competence-based curriculums, and perceived barriers to performing teaching.
Results: A total of 711 responses of Anaesthesiologists working in 46 European countries were analyzed. The great majority (530/74.64%) had more than 10 years of experience in anesthesia, older specialist, or more senior position (645/90.97%), work in academic hospitals (451/63.5%), and claim to be involved in teaching residents (561/ 79.01%). Out of those that teach, more than half (65.10%) teach residents every or almost every day and are involved in mentoring (65.21%). The main barriers to teaching are lack of time and overload with work. Only 21.7% of respondents had formal training in teaching. Most respondents declared either no knowledge or that are not sure if informed (232/546;42.49% and 115/546; 21.06%) about European training requirements in anesthesiology. Only 36.45% (199/546) claimed to be informed of the training requirements. A disparity in the answers is present not only between, but within the countries too.
Conclusions: There is a lack of knowledge about competence-based education even among very experienced professionals dedicated to medical education. Faculty development is necessary to improve standards of education in anesthesia and intensive care in Europe.
Trial registration: Not applicable
Vehicle-to-vehicle cooperative driving model considering end-to-end delay of communication network
Authors: Kang Yi-rong , Chen Yijun , Tian Chuan
Published: October 2023

In order to explore the mechanism of the end-to-end transmission delay of communication network on the collaborative driving process for traffic flow in the vehicle to vehicle communication environment, based on by the idea of car-following model, this paper introduces a characteristic parameters characterizing the end-to-end transmission delay of the network into Newell's following model, and proposes a CD&OV model by considering the time delay characteristics of the collaborative driving process from information transmission to control decision and then to physical execution. The stability analysis of the new model is investigated to obtain the stability criterion of the cooperative driving system. The spatio-temporal evolution mechanism of the traffic flow near the critical stability point under the effect of different transmission delays is analyzed by the reductive perturbation method, and the corresponding modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations and density wave solutions are obtained. The correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified by using numerical simulations. The results show that the end-to-end transmission delay of the network has a significant shock effect on the stability of the vehicle-vehicle cooperative driving system, and the stability of the traffic flow and the ability to suppress traffic congestion become worse with the increase of the end-to-end transmission delay.
A Novel Design of Photonic Crystal Directional Coupler with Ultra Short Coupling Length Using Core /Shell Rods Defect
Authors: Chergui Imane , Labbani Amel
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a novel method to diminish the coupling length and enhance the coupling coefficient in a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) directional coupler (DC)is investigated. The DC comprises two closely spaced linear waveguides separated by one row of silicon columns. In this new approach, we used core/shell (C/S) rods between the waveguides to reduce the coupling length. The C/S rod is obtained by etching a hole in the middle of the silicon rod. This modification leads to a very short coupling length of 5a, where a is the lattice constant of the structure. Simulation results show that increasing the inner core radius increases the coupling coefficient. The coupling properties have been numerically simulated and analyzed using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) and the plane-wave expansion (PWE) methods. Based on the modified structure, we analyzed the output spectrum of a very compact channel drop filter. The proposed modified design would offer significant potential for novel ultrasmall devices based on photonic crystal couplers.
Development and test of reliability and validity of the self-assessment scale for prevention behavior in high-risk population of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Jingxuan , Wu Wanying , Xie Lingnv , Peng Qi , Wang Weizhen
Published: October 2023

Background: High-risk population for colorectal cancer have become the primary focus of research on early prevention and treatment strategies. However, some high-risk population often overlook their own prevention behaviors, making it challenging to evaluate them effectively. Currently, the available assessment tools for cancer prevention primarily consist of universal measures, leaving a gap in the availability of specific assessment tools for colorectal cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive and systematic assessment tool for colorectal cancer that is specifically tailored to the needs of high-risk population, in order to effectively promote cancer prevention.
Methods: Based on the Information-motivation-behavioral Skills Model, a comprehensive pool of items was developed through an extensive literature review and interviews with 18 high-risk individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer. After two rounds of expert consultation and pilot testing, an initial scale was formulated. To validate the scale, a field survey was conducted among 488 high-risk individuals with colorectal cancer. The initial scale underwent meticulous item analysis to identify and eliminate redundant or ineffective items, followed by reliability and validity tests to ensure its psychometric soundness.
Results: The self-assessment scale for prevention behavior in the high-risk population of colorectal cancer consists of 4 dom[1]ains and 22 items. The scale demonstrates good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.912 and domain-specific coefficients ranging from 0.814 to 0.944. The split-half coefficient is 0.752, and the two-week test-retest reliability coefficient is 0.817. Exploratory factor analysis, utilizing principal axis factor extraction, identified four common factors that accounted for a cumulative explanatory variance of 67.915%. After model modification, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the absolute fit indices and incremental fit indices met the criteria for model fitting.
Conclusion: The scale developed in this study exhibits robust reliability and validity, rendering it suitable for assessing the cancer prevention status of individuals at high risk of colorectal cancer. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for enhancing the level of cancer prevention among high-risk population afflicted with colorectal cancer.
Interaction between feeding efficiency and digestive physiology of Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on different date fruit varieties
Authors: Jaafari-Behi Vahid , Ziaee Masumeh , Kocheili Farhan , Hemmati Seyed Ali
Published: October 2023

Dates are one of the products that are attacked at postharvest by some insect pests’ in packinghouses or storages. Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) has become one of the major date fruits pests during the post-harvest storage, causing significant losses. In this study, the nutritional performances and digestive enzyme activities of P. interpunctella larvae fed on different date fruits including Dayri, Estemaran, Fersi, Halavi and Zahedi varieties were evaluated. Moreover, date fruits were analyzed to determine their secondary metabolites contents, including phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. The results indicated that the highest relative growth rate (RGR) and relative consumption rate (RCR) were obtained in the P. interpunctella larvae fed on Zahedi variety. In contrast, the lowest RGR and RCR values was observed in the larvae fed on Estemaran and Fersi varieties, indicating the lower fitness of these host plants for larval development. According to our findings, the highest larval, frass, pupal weight and consumed food was related to the larvae fed on Zahedi variety. The results also showed that the lowest level of amylolytic and proteolytic activity was reported on P. interpunctella larvae fed on Estemaran variety. Furthermore, the protein content was the lowest in the larvae fed on Estemaran variety, while the lowest level of glycogen content was found on the larvae fed on Dayri variety. The lowest total phenolic content was significantly reported in Dayri variety, which confirms the suitability of this variety for feeding and development of larvae.
Do dual aluminum (Al)-hyperaccumulator and phosphorus (P)-solubilising species assist neighbouring plants sensitive to Al toxicity and P deficiency?
Authors: Delgado Mabel Fabiola , Barra Patricio Javier , Berrios Graciela , Mora María de la Luz , Duran Paola , Valentine Alex , Reyes-Díaz Marjorie
Published: October 2023

Background and Aims We aimed to evaluate the facilitation effects of an aluminum (Al) hyperaccumulator species bearing cluster roots, Gevuina avellana, on the seedling growth and performance of an Al-intolerant and P-deficient-sensitive plant, Vaccinium corymbosum.
Methods Seedlings of G. avellana and V. corymbosum were grown alone or together as follows: i) 2 G. avellana seedlings, ii) 1 G. avellana + V. corymbosum and iii) 2 V. corymbosum, in soil supplemented with Al (as Al2(SO4)3) and in the control (without Al supplementation). We determined relative growth rate (RGR), photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll concentration, lipid peroxidation and Al and nutrient concentration (Nitrogen (N), P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), Al and sulfur (S)) in leaves and roots of both species.
Results In general, G. avellana did not assist V. corymbosum to enhance its RGR nor reduce its Al uptake. However, G. avellana assisted V. corymbosum in enhanced N acquisition and, consequently, to increase its chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic rate. Besides, V. corymbosum had lower lipid peroxidation in leaves when grown in the soil with high Al supplementation in association with G. avellana.
Conclusions Our results suggest a facilitating effect of G. avellana to V. corymbosum when grown in soils with high Al concentration, by enhancing chlorophyll concentrations and photosynthetic rate, and decreasing the oxidative damage to lipids.
Iranian Healthcare System Response To Hospital And Intensive Care Bed Requirements During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hemmati Fazeleh , Jafari Kasra , Mirmohammadkhani Majid
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, including Iran. This article examines the Iranian healthcare system's response to hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) bed requirements during the pandemic, highlighting the need for effective strategies to meet the surge in demand for specialized care.
Methods
A cross-sectional study design was used to analyze data from the Statistical Centre of Iran. The dataset included information on total, general, and ICU beds across different types of medical care facilities for pre- and postpandemic periods. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess changes in bed counts in the two mentioned periods.
Results
The study revealed that during the pandemic, there was a notable increase in total, general, and ICU bed counts in Iran. However, when comparing the pre- and postpandemic periods, ICU beds showed a significantly higher increase (+ 34.01%) and general beds increased less (+ 7.47%). The variations in bed count changes among provinces underscored the importance of considering local impacts and resource availability.
Discussion
The findings demonstrate the adaptability and responsiveness of the Iranian healthcare system to the pandemic. While the system successfully increased ICU bed capacity, there was a shift in resource allocation priorities, with a lesser emphasis on general beds. International comparisons highlight similar strategies employed globally, emphasizing the need for scalable resources during a crisis.
Ferroptosis Regulated by 5-HT3a Receptor via Calcium/Calmodulin Signaling Contributes to Neuropathic Pain in Brachial Plexus Avulsion Rat Model
Authors: Liao Chengpeng , Guo Jinding , Rui Jing , Gao Kaiming , Lao Jie , Zhou Yingjie
Published: October 2023

Neuropathic pain is a prevalent complication following brachial plexus avulsion (BPA). Ferroptosis has been implicated in various nervous system disorders. However, the association between ferroptosis and neuropathic pain induced by BPA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of ferroptosis in BPA-induced neuropathic pain. A rat model of neuropathic pain was established via BPA induction. Pain thresholds of rats were measured after BPA surgery and intraperitoneal injection of Fer-1. On day 14 post-surgery, SDH (spinal dorsal horn) samples were collected for western blotting, biochemical analysis and immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression and distribution of ferroptosis-related markers. The relationships among 5-HT3a receptor, calcium/calmodulin (CaM) pathway and ferroptosis were assessed via western blotting, biochemical analysis and lipid peroxidation assays, including iron and calcium content, ROS, GPX4, ACSL and CaM expression. BPA-induced neuropathic pain was associated with iron accumulation, increased lipid peroxidation, and dysregulated expression of ACSL4 and GPX4, and changes in transferrin receptor (TFR), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and ferroportin-1 (FPN1). Intraperitoneal administration of Fer-1 reversed all these alterations and mitigated mechanical and cold hypersensitivity. Inhibition of the 5-HT3a receptor reduced ferroptosis. Furthermore, the 5-HT3a receptor can regulate the calcium/calmodulin pathway via L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), and blocking LTCCs with nifedipine also alleviated ferroptosis in the SDH of BPA rats. Taken together, in rats with brachial plexus avulsion, the development of neuropathic pain involves ferroptosis, which is regulated by the 5-HT3a receptor through the L-type calcium channels and the calcium/calmodulin signaling pathway in the spinal dorsal horn.
Design of Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) synthesis process using CO2, techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment
Authors: Lee Yun Gyu , Lee Hyeong Uk , Lee Jae Min , Kim Na Young , Jeong Dong Hwi
Published: October 2023

To successfully attain the objective of carbon neutrality, the active incorporation of carbon capture utilization (CCU) technology becomes imperative within the engineering framework. This technology facilitates the generation of high value-added materials by harnessing carbon dioxide, sourced from either the atmosphere or industrial processes, as a fundamental raw material. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an environmentally friendly chemical that can be produced using CCU technology. This study first models the base process of the ethylene carbonate (EC) transesterification method that produces DMC based on carbon dioxide, ethylene oxide (EO), and methanol (MeOH). Based on this, three processes for recycling by-products ethylene glycol (EG) and EC are proposed, and economic analysis and overall environmental impact evaluation are conducted. Each process is modeled through Aspen Plus V12.1, economic feasibility is evaluated through Aspen Process Economic Analyzer (APEA), and environmental impact is evaluated through OpenLCA. As a result, the results show that the final DMC production is increased by 0.644%-18.9% compared to the base process in the process of recycling by-products. In the base process, the net present value (NPV) and pay-back period (PBP) were 46 M$ and 8.3 years, respectively, and in the proposed 1 (recycling EG) and proposed 3 (recycling EG&EC) processes, the NPV was 231 M$ and 73 M$, respectively, and the PBP was 3.8 years and 7.4 years, respectively. In the proposed Process 2 (with EC recycling), a substantial negative net present value (NPV) of -135 M$ was observed, indicating that recovering the investment cost was unfeasible within this scenario. Through sensitivity analysis, it was shown that the parameters with high volatility of NPV are DMC price and raw material cost. Finally, the result for climate change among the environmental impact categories is 3.85 kgCO2-eq in the base process, 3.47 kgCO2-eq in the proposed 1 process, 3.57 kgCO2-eq in the proposed 2 process, and 3.33 kgCO2-eq in the proposed 3 process, respectively.
Neutral rice husk biochar amendment effectively mitigates ammonia emissions and improves Chinese Cabbage yield in different nitrogen rates condition
Authors: Kang Yun-Gu , Chun Jin-Hyuk , Lee Jun-Yeong , Yun Yeo-Uk , Sung Jwa-Kyung , Oh Taek-Keun
Published: October 2023

Current agricultural practices are increasingly favoring the use of biochar to sequester carbon, enhance crop growth, and mitigate various environmental pollutants resulting from nitrogen (N) loss. However, since biochar’s characteristics can vary depending on pyrolysis conditions, it is essential to determine the optimal pyrolysis conditions, as they can have different effects on soil health. In this study, we categorized rice husk biochars based on their pH values and investigated the role of each rice husk biochar in reducing ammonia (NH3) emissions and promoting the growth of Chinese cabbage in urea-fertilized fields. The findings of this study revealed that the pH of rice husk biochars influenced the NH3 emissions and crop growth by regulating soil properties such as pH, organic matter, and nutrient contents. Neutral rice husk biochar effectively reduced the NH3 volatilization compared to acidic and basic rice husk biochar, particularly in the presence of high urea application rates. Chinese cabbage yield was highest in the basic rice husk biochar amendment along with high N rates. Therefore, neutral rice husk biochar can effectively mitigate the NH3 emissions from urea-treated fields, while basic rice husk biochar amendments achieved the highest agronomic performance and yield of Chinese cabbage.
Extended Parental Care in the Mass Provisioning Silk Wasp, Microstigmus rosae
Authors: Bonifacii Rosa Leena , Field Jeremy
Published: October 2023

Insurance-based mechanisms, where surviving group-members can complete parental care after the death of a nestmate, are key to the origin of cooperative group formation in insects. Selection for group living via these models is proposed to be dependent on the life expectancy of adult carers relative to the duration of offspring dependency on parental care. Progressive provisioning, where adults feed offspring gradually as they grow, is thought to extend this period of dependency and is therefore suggested to be an important factor promoting the evolution of sociality. In contrast, mass-provisioning species provide offspring with all the food they need to reach maturity at the beginning of their development. Since offspring are then nutritionally independent, in mass provisioners the applicability of insurance models is less clear. In this paper we experimentally demonstrate that adult presence on the nest, even after the end of provisioning, is critical for brood survival in the mass provisioning silk wasp Microstigmus rosae. After ten days, experimentally orphaned nests contained 67% fewer healthy offspring than controls. Adult females were also recorded performing post-provisioning parental care behaviours including nest maintenance and repair, putative hygienic brood care and aggressive nest defence against both ants and parasitoid wasps. By demonstrating the potential applicability of insurance advantages to this mass provisioning species, our results highlight how even in mass provisioners insurance-based mechanisms may be part of what favours group living.
Fluorescence Quenching and the Chamber of Nitroaromatics: A Dinaphthoylated Oxacalix[4]arene’s(DNOC) Adventure Captured through Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Desai Vishv , Panchal Manthan , Parikh Jaymin , Modi Krunal , Vora Manoj , Panjwani Falak , Jain Vinod Kumar
Published: October 2023

This research introduces Dinaphthoylated Oxacalix[4]arene (DNOC) as a novel fluorescent receptor for selective detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). DNOC was characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS spectroscopic techniques. The receptor exhibited remarkable selectivity in acetonitrile towards various nitroaromatic analytes, including MNA; 2,4-DNT; 2,3-DNT; 1,3-DNB; 2,6-DNT and 4-NT as confirmed through emission spectra analysis. Investigation of binding constants, Stern-volmer analysis, lowest of detection limit (3σ/Slope) and fluorescence quenching sheds light on DNOC's inclusion behaviour. Additionally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations using Gaussian 09 program elucidate the selectivity trend of the ligand DNOC for NAC detection. Analysing energy gaps between molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) offers insights into electron-transfer mechanisms and electronic interactions. Smaller energy gaps indicate higher selectivity through favourable electron-transfer processes, while larger gaps imply reduced selectivity due to weaker electronic interactions. This interdisciplinary study combines experimental and computational approaches to comprehensively understand DNOC's selective binding behaviour, rendering it a promising chemical sensor for nitroaromatic explosives.
Antibiotic use and resistance pattern at Rumphi District Hospital in Malawi: a retrospective study
Authors: Mithi Brany , Luhanga Mosen , Kaminyoghe Felix , Chiumia Francis , Banda Daniel L , Nyama Lottie
Published: October 2023

Background
Overuse of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) world-wide. Malawi continues to report rising cases of AMR among both in-patients and out-patients. We investigated antibiotic use and resistance trends at Rumphi District Hospital, Malawi.
Methods
We used a retrospective study design where data records on antibiotic resistance pattern alongside patient antibiotic history were extracted retrospectively from microbiological register from 2019 to March, 2023. We also included the findings of Point prevalence survey (PPS) on antibiotic use for the same facility previously conducted in 4 hospital wards using modified Global-PPS data collection tools. Document collection exercise was carried by a well-trained multi-disciplinary team. Data analysis was done using STATA 14 and Microsoft excel. Results were presented in tables and bar charts.
Results
Findings on antibiotic use for 80 patients enrolled in PPS revealed Ceftriaxone (54.3%) and Metronidazole (23.3%) as the most frequently used antibiotics in the wards which were prescribed empirically (100%) without a microbiological indication. A total of 85 patients’ data records were reviewed on antibiotics resistance pattern in which 54 (63.5%) were females. Patient antibiotic history captured indicated Metronidazole (23%), Gentamycin (20%) and Doxycycline (23%) as the most frequently used antibiotics among clients referred for microbiological investigations. Chloramphenicol (58% versus 61%, P = 0.6) exhibited an increase effectiveness while Gentamycin (47% versus 15%, P = 0.38) had a substantial increase in resistance. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (23%) and candida sp (15%) were the frequently isolated genital-pathogens while Staphylococcus sp (16%) dominated in wound pus samples.
Conclusion
Observed increased in antibiotics resistance patterns provide evidence of a rise in Multi-Drug Resistant infections against limited therapeutic options. The findings underline the need for strengthening antimicrobial stewardship programmes such as AMR surveillance and rotation of antibiotics to preserve them for a longer use.
Ultra efficient removal of heavy-metal ions and dyes using a novel cellulose-based three-dimensional network
Authors: Xia Nan Nan , Wu Qin , Bi Shi Lin
Published: October 2023

Cellulose-based adsorbents have attracted extensive attention owing to their ecofriendly characteristics. However, most cellulose-based adsorbents still possess unsatisfactory adsorption capabilities for typical pollutants such as heavy-metal ions and dyes. Herein, we constructed a cost-effective and robust cellulose-based adsorbent with a three-dimensional network structure based on hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions via simple supramolecular self-assembly of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and tannic acid (TA) (referred to as CMC–CPAM-TA). Benefiting from the abundant catechol/carboxyl groups and mesoporous/macroporous channels, CMC–CPAM–TA could trap Cu(II) ions and rhodamine B (RhB) as a typical heavy metal and dye, respectively, by rapidly forming Cu–O coordination bonds and inducing electrostatic interactions. CMC–CPAM–TA exhibited high adsorption capacities for Cu(II) ions and RhB; the adsorption capacities of the prepared adsorbent were 669.8 and 202.2 mg/g for Cu(II) ions and RhB, respectively. These values are 1.3–23.6 and 1.1–72.2 times, respectively, larger than those of most reported cellulose-based adsorbents. Furthermore, CMC–CPAM–TA showed high regenerative ability for Cu(II) ions and RhB after five cycles owing to its robust structure.
Influence of Social Determinants of Health on the Quality of Life of Older Adults in Europe: A Sex Analysis
Authors: Llorens-Ortega Rafael , Bertran-Noguer Carmen , Juvinyà-Canals Dolors , Garre-Olmo Josep , Bosch-Farré Cristina
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The global aging population poses challenges for society such as health inequalities among older persons and between genders.
Objectives: To determine how Social Determinants of Health (SDH) influence the quality of life (QoL) of individuals over 50 years old in various European countries, taking a gender perspective in a longitudinal study.
Materials and methods: Sample of 11,493 individuals from 13 European countries from Waves 5 (2013), 6 (2015), and 7 (2017) of the SHARE study. Instruments: CASP-12 (QoL), EURO-D (depression), SDH: gender, age, educational level, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, place of residence, and European region. Sociodemographic and clinical variables. Statistical analysis: Bivariate and multivariate mixed linear models.
Results: The bivariate analysis showed higher economic hardship and lower education in women compared to men. The CASP-12 score was higher in men than in women. In the multivariate analysis, the variables associated with lower QoL scores among men and women from Wave 5 to Wave 7 were: (β:-0.196, 95% CI: -0.345; -0.047) vs (β:0.038, 95% CI: -0.122; 0.197); economic hardship; and the European region between South and North (β: 2.709, 95% CI: 2.403; 3.015) vs men (β: 2.224, 95% CI: 1.896; 2.551).
Conclusions: The main SDH associated with poorer QoL were female gender, advanced age, economic hardship, educational level, and geographic location within Europe. Depression in women and in Southern Europe were associated with a decrease in QoL scores.
Intein-Based Protein Biosensing Circuit for Serum Marker Protease of Environmentally-Induced Obesity and Related Conditions
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Kai , Sun Helin , Wang Xueyin , Yu Haomiao , Zhang Zhongwen
Published: October 2023

Background
Obesity and diabetes are complex conditions influenced by numerous external and internal factors, such as air pollution and protease-mediated degradation of cell surface insulin receptors, respectively. To discover the underlying mechanisms of these diseases, it is essential to comprehend the interaction between the proteins implicated.
Methods
In this study, we propose a protein biosensing circuit that utilizes intein molecules to cast new light on obesity and diabetes caused by the environment. Intein molecules have the unique ability to induce peptide bond formation between other proteins and peptides. Using this property, we devised a system that coordinates the catalytic activity of the target protease and a reporter enzyme, thereby facilitating enhanced electrochemical detection.
Results
Utilizing our biosensing circuit, we were able to detect a secreted serine protease in the serum of patients with type II diabetes who were exposed to distinct air pollution. The results imply a possible correlation between air quality and the serum level of the diabetes marker protease. These findings shed light on the impact of environmental factors on the molecular pathology of obesity- and diabetes-related chronic diseases.
Conclusions
Our research demonstrates that the proposed protein biosensing circuit can be utilized to investigate the relationship between air pollution, obesity, and diabetes. Possibility of detecting and analyzing serum serine protease offers a promising avenue for future research. This method has the potential to uncover new molecular pathways underlying chronic diseases associated with the environment. In the near future, further investigation and validation of this approach may contribute to the development of preventative and therapeutic strategies.
The Efficiency of Inter-provincial Health Resource Allocation and its Influencing Factors in China---An Empirical Study Based on DEA Method and a Spatial Econometric Model
Authors: Meng Nannan , Pei Tong , Lin Xinhao , Wu Dan , Chen Yating , Meng Xuehui
Published: October 2023

Background: The Chinese government has been adapting to rapid changes in the domestic and international situation in order to formulate appropriate health policies. However, under the socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, China’s medical and health resource allocation still has problems in terms of insufficiency and uneven distribution. Therefore, how to scientifically allocate and efficiently use medical and health resources has become an urgent issue.
Methods: The super-efficiency slack-based measure model and the global Malmquist model were used to measure the efficiency of medical and health resource allocation in 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2020. Moran’s I was used to test the spatial correlation of the efficiency. A spatial Dubin model was constructed to analyze influencing factors. All data were collected from the China Health Statistics Yearbook and China Statistics Yearbook from 2008 to 2020.
Results: The efficiency of medical and health resource allocation calculated by the super-efficiency slack-based measure model showed that the average score was 0.632. The average Malmquist productivity index of the efficiency of medical and health resource allocation of 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2020 was 1.0897, which was generally positive. The Moran’s I test results showed that the efficiency had a significant spatial positive correlation in the spatial distribution. The regression results of the spatial Dubin model showed that the efficiency was affected by the dependency ratio, the illiteracy rate, the per capita disposable income, the per capita public health budget expenditure, the number of medical insurance participants, and the balance of medical insurance fund revenue and expenditure.
Discussion: In view of the problems revealed in the efficiency of medical and health resource allocation from 2008 to 2020, Chinese provinces should fully consider the impacts of the dependency ratio, the illiteracy rate, the per capita disposable income, the per capita public health budget expenditure, the number of medical insurance participants, and the balance of medical insurance fund revenue and expenditure. Local governments should scientifically formulate their own health planning by giving full attention to the radiation outcomes of the spatial spillover effect on the efficiency of medical and health resource allocation.