bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED MIGRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
Authors: Moiseeva E. M. , Lukyanets A. S.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is to identify the specific trends of migration flows induced by negative environmental changes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. First of all, based on an analysis of meteoro-logical data it was proved that in the near future, the risk of dangerous natural disasters that might cause large-scale population movements remains no less high than in the past few years. A temporary reduction in CO2 emissions due to a reduction in industrial production and transportation along with restrictive infection control measures will be short-term and insufficient to slow down climate change. Consequently, we can expect that during the pandemic the number of environmental migrants throughout the world will not decrease and might reach about 20 million people a year only due to forced relocations caused by weather-related hazards. In this study, we use the term environmental migrants to refer to both those people who have been forced to leave their place of residence due to natural or technological disasters, and those people who have voluntarily decided to migrate under amid slow-onset environ-mental degradation. Both of these categories of migrants are already exposed to the risks posed by adverse environ-mental conditions. In the context of a coronavirus pandemic, additional risks begin to affect each group differently. Internally displaced people will face problems caused by restrictions on movement imposed in most countries, as well as poor sanitary and hygienic conditions during evacuation and at temporary accommodation centers, which greatly increase the risk of infection and further spread of the virus. Voluntary environmental migrants in most cases move because of the inability to continue their usual economic activities in the changing environmental situation in their home region and the need to find a job in a sphere which does not depend directly on natural and climatic conditions. Most often these are farmers who look for temporary employment in cites. This category of migrants will be adversely affected by the economic consequences of the coronavirus pandemic, namely, the reduction of jobs and wages in a number of industries, especially ones that are related to public services and transportation. A cut in remittances will reduce the adaptive potential of their environmentally vulnerable home areas, and lead to further deterioration of the environment and living conditions of the population.
FORMATION OF ETHNODEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION OF POST-SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT
Authors: Maulen A. B. , Karabayeva Z. M. , Bildebaeva A. B.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the description of the history of the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan. A large cycle of materials is based on the data from population censuses and materials of Kazakhstani researchers. A special study of the ethno-demographic growth of post-Soviet Kazakhstan was carried out. Ethno-demographic growth is divided into periods based on history. The arrival of many peoples in Kazakhstan and their history, political decisions of independent Kazakhstan on the way to interethnic harmony are considered. The emergence of ethnic groups in Kazakhstan is a great political event. The decline of the Kazakh population and the increase in the number of representatives of other nationalities have led to a change in the ethnodemography of Kazakhstan. The country has created a unique and effective mechanism for implementing national policy, interethnic and interreligious dialogue through the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan. Special attention is paid to the description of the activities of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan. The Institute has come to the conclusion that it ensures the revival of ethnic identity and culture, forms a single political, legal and cultural platform for ethnic processes and contributes to the preservation of peace and harmony in the country. In general, thanks to the work of the Assembly in our country there is a unique model of interethnic and interfaith harmony, a special atmosphere of trust, solidarity, mutual under-standing, where every citizen, regardless of nationality and religion, can fully enjoy the civil rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, all necessary conditions for the development of traditions. It was noted that the activities of the Assembly contribute to increasing the international prestige of Kazakhstan as a country that effectively solves issues of interethnic relations.
MODERN LEGISLATION REGULATING STATUS OF LEGAL ENTITY
Authors: Zhylkichieva K. S. , Kalybaeva A. A. , Koshokova G. Zh.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes using the normative and systematic methods, as well as analysis and synthesis, the content of the statements of Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic, Civil Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic «About Normative Legal Acts of the Kyrgyz Republic», the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic «On the Regulations of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic» and the works of the legal scholars. It examined the provisions of laws adopted for general regulation and concludes they are serious problems, because of them there is a "blurring" of the contour of the legislation on legal entities in the article. The publication supports the opinion of the authors of the Concept for Development, according to which the regulation of the status of legal entities in the civil legal field can be characterized by a set of the laws and regula-tions in force in the Kyrgyz Republic, which do not always correspond to each other, as well as to the Civil Code. The low legal and technical level and ineffectiveness in practice are also shown by some adopted laws. It noted the Civil Code of the Kyrgyz Republic, adopted on May 8, 1996, created the new foundation for the regulation of legal entities, which was supplemented by many new laws over the next decades in the article. The authors come to the conclusion the fairly honest assessment can be applied to the established regulation – that with the main vector of development of the Concept of Civil Legislation in Kyrgyzstan, in general, there is an economic, social and well-grounded the logic and generally justifiable modern civil law in relation to legal entities. But at the same time, for many problems, correct solutions have not yet been found and no efficiency ratings have been given.
LEGAL PERSONALITY OF PUBLIC LEGAL FORMATION
Authors: Sergeev D. B.
Published: April 2021

In article public legal formation is studied as the organizational and legal embodiment of state and in the publication analyzes using the normative and systematic methods, as well as analysis and synthesis, the content of the Russian legislation and the works of legal scholars. The author came to a conclusion that «to be a subject of legal relations» means only to have ability to enter them. Therefore nothing and nobody can treat a sort of such phenomena as a legal entity or subject of legal relationship as ability is one of attributes. When public formation is called legal entity, often on a background the fact it is officials and bodies of public government (public administration and local government) ordered in structure and that the most important function of public formation – right ensuring. According to the author legal personality of public formation and legal personality of its bodies also mutually depend on each other. On the one hand, public formation as phenomenon, ideal in terms of philosophy, cannot carry out any actions as legal entity without actions of people – bodies and officials. On the other hand, state and municipal bodies and officials or act as legal entities – representatives of state or municipality (for example, governor in relations with legal entities which exist out of state), or their legal personality is based on they are recognized as a part of public formation, entering relations with its population or with other bodies and officials of this public formation. At the same time legal personality of public formation is not the sum of legal personality of all public bodies neither particular bodies of public formation, nor all of them combined are legal entities of state or municipal property.
DIGITAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Minghat A. D. , Alimkul A. M. , Arpentieva M. R. , Salim F. , Kassymova G. K. , Akhmetova A. I.
Published: April 2021

The education system is gradually getting changed according to the advancement of digital techno-logies and due to the global increase in the influence of the Internet, the role of e-learning has grown significantly in recent years. The purpose of this study is to analyse education to the social development (development of science, industry and communities worldwide) and to identify gaps in e-learning in the context of training tasks for science and industry. The authors offer the Triple Helix model as a key aspect of education. This approach to education offers value for all model components and, in terms of education, facilitates overcoming deficiencies of traditional education; It also enables to development of human beings, to develop a person as a subject of his own life and development, as a professional and a subject of the production process, and as a subject of science and the developed community as a whole. Methodology: In this paper, the Triple Helix model is presented as the suitable method for collaboration among Universities-Industry-Government, with the overall objective to promote online education in higher educational institutions. Findings: The research identified that online education with a certain way of organizing it, fosters collaborative work which develops students' key skills such as communication skills, creative thinking, critical and systematic thinking, analytical skills, and cognitive abilities. Contributions: This study contributes to theory development of education and some ideas for further research in order to develop human beings in the society of today and tomorrow. Recommendations are given in an economy with low absorption potential. Authors highlighted that harmonization of relations between education, science and industry is an important condition for the modernization of human life.
THEORETICAL MODELS OF APPROACHES TO DISABILITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Parmankulova P. Zh. , Zholdasbekova S. A.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to develop a domestic model of society's attitude to disability in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To achieve this goal, the works of a number of foreign and domestic scientists devoted to the attitude of society towards persons with disabilities or developmental disabilities were analyzed. Existing models of approaches to disability in the countries of near and far abroad, as well as in Kazakhstan, were identified and analyzed. It has been established that in world practice there are more than ten models of approaches to disability. It is noted that the existing models of attitudes towards disability have not only certain similarities, but also differences. Practice has shown that society's attitude towards disability depends on social, political conditions, economic opportunities of the state, legislation in the sphere of education, value orientations and accepted cultural norms of society. The study showed that there is no information about domestic scientific works devoted to the issues of training and education of persons with disabilities in Kazakhstan until the 70s of the twentieth century. It was revealed that there are studies on the problems of education and upbringing of persons with disabilities, regulatory support, the formation of the humanistic potential of inclusive education. However, theoretical models of society's attitude towards disabled people and disability have not been developed in Kazakhstan. As a result of the research, the authors have developed theoretical models of approaches to disability in the Republic of Kazakhstan, which cover the time period from the beginning of the 20th century to the present and are most suitable for the historical development of the Republic of Kazakhstan: a medical model (early 20th century and 70s of the 21st century), a social model (80s of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century), model of inclusion (the beginning of the XXI century to the present). The developed theoretical models of approaches to disability contribute to the success of the development of inclusive education in Kazakhstan. In conclusion, the authors conclude that the developed models of attitudes towards disability in the Republic of Kazakhstan will make a significant contribution to the development of inclusive education and will have practical significance for teachers of inclusive education, educational psychologists, researchers, employees of educational institutions on the training of teaching staff.
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL POLICY AND ETHNIC IDENTITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Turlybekova A. M. , Shamshudimova G. T. , Altybassarova M. A. , Kappasova G. M. , Sabikenov S. N.
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the modern world as the kind of ethnic explosion, the concrete manifestations of which are the growth of the significance of ethnic identity, increasing people’s interest in their roots, traditions, culture and history. The demand for social balance related to ethnic and cultural specifics has noticeably revived. We can say that ethnic communities are real, stable historical formations, and ethnicity is an important, constantly acting factor of the social development. At different times it manifests in different ways, in the situation of serious social transformations that we are currently experiencing, there is the surge in ethnicity. These contradictions are reflected in the Republic of Kazakhstan due to its multinational composition. On the one hand, there are processes of forming the single identity instead of the national identity, based on the citizenship, and on the other hand, there is growing interest in the national culture and traditions. In the modern society people have the right to choose their ethnic self-determination and freedom of self-identification with the particular ethnic and national community, which is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Measurement of the isobar heat capacity of fluids in the critical area by the method of flowing adiabatic calorimeter
Authors: Gerasimov Anatoly А. , Grigoriev Boris A. , Kuznetsov Mikhail A. , Kozlov Alexander D.
Published: April 2021

With regard to the problem of refining the fundamental equations of state of hydrocarbons, the methodological and design features of the experimental measurement of the isobaric heat capacity in the critical region by the method of a flow adiabatic calorimeter are considered. The pressure measurement system has been improved by introducing a differential manometer into the measuring circuit, which made it possible not only to increase the accuracy of pressure determination, but also to implement a universal scheme of calorimetric experiment. The use of a universal scheme of the calorimetric experiment allows one to determine two values of the isobaric heat capacity at pressures that differ by the value of the pressure loss in the calorimeter. Such an approach in the critical region is relevant, since it makes it possible to quite simply and reliably determine the value of the derivative of the heat capacity with respect to pressure, which is used to estimate not only the error in assigning the value of heat capacity to pressure, but also the equilibrium conditions of the experiment in a flow-through calorimeter. The technique of determining and making a correction for the inhomogeneity of the supply wires of the differential thermocouple, for the throttling of the flow of matter in the calorimeter is considered. Correct relations are obtained for determining the average temperature of the measurement experiment for various methods of measuring the temperature and temperature difference in a flow-through calorimeter. The results of experimental measurements of the isobaric heat capacity of n-pentane in the critical region, obtained using the universal scheme of the calorimetric experiment, for n-pentane were measured on an isobar of 3.400 MPa (critical pressure 3.355 MPa), which is the closest to the critical point at practice of flow calorimetry
Method for optimizing the errors of the wavefront of recorded radiation for large-size information-measuring optical systems
Authors: Sychev Victor V. , Klem Andrey I.
Published: April 2021

The article proposes a new method for increasing the information content of the image by minimizing the errors of the optical system of a large telescope using the redistribution of errors over the image field. Variation of the parameters of the secondary mirror is carried out to solve the optimization problem of uniform distribution of aberrations over the image field of a large telescope using the example of a cryotelescope with a diameter of 12 m in the Zemax-EE package. The results of calculations of optical schemes by the traditional method and by the method of optimization of the errors of the radiation wavefront are presented. The advantages and disadvantages are considered.
Methodology for constructing the equation of state and thermodynamic tables for a new generation refrigerant
Authors: Kolobaev iktor A. , Rykov Sergey V. , Kudryavtseva Irina V. , Ustyuzhanin Evgeniy E. , Popov Peter V. , Rykov Vladimir A. , Sverdlov Aleksandr V. , Kozlov Alexander D.
Published: April 2021

A unified fundamental equation of state 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf) has been developed, a fourth-generation ozone safe refrigerant, and a method for constructing the equation has been proposed. In the gas region, this equation transforms into the virial equation of state, and in the vicinity of the critical point it satisfies the requirements of the modern large-scale theory of critical phenomena and transforms into the Widom scale equation. On the basis of a single fundamental equation of state in accordance with GOST R 8.614-2018, standard reference data (GSSSD 380-2020) on the density, enthalpy, isobaric heat capacity, isochoric heat capacity, entropy and sound velocity of R1234yf in the temperature range from 230 K to 420 K and pressures from 0.1 MPa to 20 MPa. A comparison of the calculated values of equilibrium properties with the most reliable experimental data obtained in the famous of the world, and tabular data obtained on the basis of the known fundamental equations of state R1234yf. Uncertainties of tabulated data for saturated vapor pressure, density, enthalpy, isobaric heat capacity, isochoric heat capacity, entropy and speed of sound of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene are estimated – standard relative uncertainties by type A, B, total standard relative and expanded uncertainties. The results obtained in the work show that the proposed unified fundamental equation of state adequately describes the equilibrium properties of R1234yf in the range of state parameters stated above.
Modeling of information interconnection in a computer control system of moving objects
Authors: Kuchuk Nina , Merlak Viktoriia
Published: April 2021

The subject of research is a pool of widgets, which provides a user interface in a computer control system for moving objects. The object of research is the process of information exchange between the components of a computer system, which are directly involved in the control of moving objects. The task of allocating resources for a pool of widgets that provide operational control of moving objects is critical. As the number of elements increases in the pool of widgets, the competition for the resources of the computer system increases significantly, respectively, the queues for the most demanded resources grow. Therefore, it is necessary to reallocate resources between requests in such a way that the priorities of requests are taken into account, and the response time of operational requests does not exceed the standard time. Such distribution cannot be realized without a model that would show the parameters of all information flows between the components, which is the purpose of this article. In doing so, the model must consider the characteristics of the pool of widgets that support the user interface. Research results. To achieve this goal, several particular tasks were solved. First, the main sets were identified that will be involved in modeling information interconnections between software components that service requests for user interface widgets in a computer system environment. Then, a diagram of informational interconnections between these sets was developed. Further, the parameters of the requests, which were initiated by the widgets, of the applications, and the fragments of the widget query service database were determined and formalized. All this made it possible to form a model of information interconnections using a tuple of obtained vectors, sets, and Boolean matrices. In the proposed mathematical model, many limitations are imposed on the elements of this tuple, associated with the characteristic features of the control module for the user interface of the computer system. Besides, the limitations associated with the functioning of the basic network of the computer system are taken into account. In the final model, Boolean matrices affecting resource allocation defined as model variables. A fast algorithm for determining the space of admissible distributions is proposed. Conclusions. The developed mathematical model determines the parameters of information flows between the components of the computer system, which are involved in the control of moving objects. This model will allow for the operational reallocation of resources between requests using the proposed fast algorithm.
Інформаційно-аналітична система оцінювання відповідності сучасним вимогам навчального контенту спеціальності кібербезпека
Authors: Довбиш Анатолій Степанович , Шелехов Ігор Володимирович , Хібовська Юлія Олексіївна , Матяш Олександр Вячеславович
Published: April 2021

The urgent task of increasing the functional efficiency of machine learning of the information and analytical system (IAS) for assessing compliance with modern requirements of the bachelor level academic disciplines content of the specialty "Cybersecurity" has been solved. A method of information-extremal machine learning IAS has been developed to adapt the educational content of the graduating department to the requirements of the labor market, which allows, when the system is operating in the monitoring mode, to promptly correct the content of the graduating department educational disciplines. The idea of the method is to maximize the information capacity of the IAS in the process of machine learning, which makes it possible to achieve the maximum total probability of making correct classification decisions in the monitoring mode. Because of information-extremal machine learning in the framework of the geometric approach, decisive rules have been constructed that are invariant to the multidimensionality of the recognition feature space. As a criterion for optimizing machine learning parameters, a modification of the Kullback information measure is used, which is a function of the accuracy characteristics of classification decisions. As optimization parameters, the geometric parameters of hyperspherical containers of recognition classes were considered, which were restored in the process of machine learning in the radial basis of the binary space of Hamming features. Simultaneously, the input-training matrix was transformed into a working binary-training matrix, which changes in the process of machine learning by using admissible transformations to adapt the input mathematical description of the system to the maximum reliability of classification solutions. A categorical model of IAS functioning is proposed, based on which an algorithm for information-extreme machine learning of the system with automatic determination of the recognition base class is developed. According to the results of a specialist survey in the field of cybersecurity, an input-structured training matrix was formed and based on the results of physical modeling, the efficiency of the proposed method of information-extreme machine learning IAS was confirmed.
Yutma Bozukluklarında Tele-Sağlık Uygulamaları
Authors: YILMAZ A. Yiğit , SEREL ARSLAN Selen
Published: April 2021

Yutma bozukluğu birçok hasta grubunu etkileyebilen ve yarattığı komplikasyonlar nedeniyle erken dönemde sağlık hizmetlerine erişim gerektiren bir durumdur. Uzaklık, ekonomik kısıtlılıklar, hastalara ait hareket engeli, pandemi gibi bulaş riski yüksek durumlar yutma değerlendirmesi ve tedavisine erişimde engellere sebep olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle günümüzde, yutma bozukluklarında tele-sağlık uygulamalarının önemi artmıştır. Tele-sağlık uygulamaları hastalara bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kullanarak uzak mesafeden sağlık hizmeti sağlanmasını ifade etmektedir. Bu uygulamalar yutma bozukluklarının değerlendirme ve tedavisinde hastalar ve klinisyenler açısından kolaylık sağlayabildiği gibi sağlık harcamalarında ciddi ölçüde azalmaya sebep olmaktadır. Tele-değerlendirme, klinik ve aletsel yutma değerlendirme basamaklarının çevrimiçi ortama adapte edilmesi yolu ile yapılabilmektedir. Farklı hasta gruplarında yapılan tele-değerlendirme çalışmalarında hasta memnuniyet düzeyleri ve yüz yüze değerlendirmeyle uyumun yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Tele-rehabilitasyon alanında yapılan çalışmalar az sayıda olsa da klinisyenlere yol göstermesi açısından ümit vericidir. Sonuç olarak, yutma bozukluklarında tele-sağlık uygulamaları gelişmekte olan bir alan olup bu alanda yapılan çalışmaların standardizasyona, yaygınlaştırılmaya ve kanıt düzeylerinin artırılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.
USE OF GAME THEORY FOR MODELING ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR IN FINANCIAL MARKETS
Authors: Ivashchenko Maryna
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes simulation methods using game theory of the influence of information that runs inside and outside the market on exchange rates and prices through the strategic behavior of people directly involved in financial transactions. The purpose of the research conducted in the article is to simulate an investor's economic behavior to make an investment decision using a game theory methodology. To select the types of games that are suitable for the financial markets, the classification of game theory is generalized. A variety of factors and all kinds of behavioral strategies make up an event space that is measured by behaviors. It is determined that exchange players are building different strategies that lead to the required results only in specific game conditions, without using the standard theory of general equilibrium. The financial market can be considered a non-cooperative, continuous and parallel zero-sum game whose participants possess perfect information. There are several sequential actions of financial market participants based on the concepts of game theory: the player in the financial market must choose his style of trading or investing; the player must clearly understand who the other players are in the game; there is a limited rationality in the actions of participants in the financial market; analytical work that excludes the emotional component of decision making is important; the financial market participant must formulate its own strategy. It is justified that if people behaved more predictably (would be much slower in responding to different situations, making minor adjustments to the intended strategy or not changing it at all), and if the probability of success did not depend on the actions of other participants, market development would be extremely slow. But financial behavior is driven by motives, information, reputation, assumptions, hopes, willingness to take risks, incentives and other non-statistical indicators. The author has developed a method of using game theory in the practice of making investment decisions, provided that the investor wants to buy securities on the stock exchange for 10,000 UAH. and examines the shares of one of two companies: either A or B. The sequential actions of financial market participants based on game theory concepts are revealed.
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION AS A TOOL OF MINIMIZATION OF TAX GAPS IN THE ECONOMY
Authors: Lyeonov Sergij , Tiutiunyk Inna , Lob Alina
Published: April 2021

Current trends in the functioning of the official and shadow sectors indicate the low effectiveness of the existing tools of state regulation of the economy and its inability to ensure long-term economic growth. One of the reasons is tax evasion, which leads to the formation of tax gaps in the economy. Their formation has a negative impact on economic development, reduces the country's budget potential, limits opportunities for funding programs. The paper substantiates that along with the regulation of tax rates, increasing the efficiency of financial monitoring procedures, assessing the probability of implementing tax evasion schemes, an important tool for minimizing tax gaps is the implementation of fiscal decentralization policy. The article analyzes the current trends in the implementation of reform of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine. The dynamics, features and advantages of the formation of united territorial communities are analyzed. It is concluded that the number of formed united territorial communities in Ukraine has been gradually decreasing since 2017. The main features of fiscal decentralization include the expansion of cooperation between individual territorial associations in the field of their economic and social development, growth of their financial potential by combining financial and investment opportunities, implementation of joint measures to regulate economic processes. The role of fiscal decentralization in the implementation of tax gap management policy is substantiated. A comparative analysis of the dynamics of changes in the main indicators of local budget revenues before and after implementation of decentralization reform in Ukraine is carried out. It is concluded that the volume of tax revenues to the state budget will be gradually reduced starting in 2015. This correlates with the beginning of the implementation of the financial decentralization reform in Ukraine. The study concludes that the implementation of decentralization reform in the country as one of the most effective tools to increase the tax potential of the territory, reduce the volume of shadow financial transactions and manage tax gaps.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE FISCAL MECHANISM ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INVESTMENT PROCESSES IN THE UKRAINIAN LANDS IN THE POLISH-LITHUANIAN ERA
Authors: Rudenko Viktoriia
Published: April 2021

The study of the functioning of the fiscal mechanism and its impact on the devel-opment of investment processes in Polish-Lithuanian times becomes especially relevant, as it allows to determine whether this process was carried out in the Ukrainian lands unsystematically and inconsistently, or had expressiveness and orderliness. The purpose of the study is to consider the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of the fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment processes on Ukrainian territory in the Polish-Lithuanian era (XIV–XVIII centuries). The specifics of scientific tasks being the subject of the research required the use of a complex of methods (empirical, theoretical, theoretical and empirical), which enabled to analyze the historical aspects of the fiscal mechanism and its impact on investment during the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Poland Kingdom and the United Polish-Lithuanian States Rzecz Pospolita. In the course of the study, the features of the development of the components of the fiscal mechanism were clarified, including revenues and expenditures of state treasury of the Polish and Lithuanian states. It has been established that in the Polish-Lithuanian period the revenues of the prince's treasury were mainly formed due to taxes, princely / royal domains, state regalia and revenues from granting Magdeburg rights to cities. It was found that the expenditures of the state treasury were directed mainly to meet the needs of the prince / king and their court, the maintenance of the army, the construction of military facilities and road infrastructure, as well as the establishment of foreign economic relations. It is determined that neither the revenues nor expenditures of the state treasury in Polish-Lithuanian times had a real impact on the investment development of Ukrainian territories, as they provided only the needs of the rulers and the ruling classes of the Lithuanian and Polish states. The practical value of the study is that the historical analysis has revealed the gaps in the regulation of investment processes due to the fiscal, which should not be allowed in modern conditions.
MODELS OF STRATEGIC ALLIANCES IN CONTEXT LOGISTICS PARTNERSHIP
Authors: Lipych Liubov
Published: April 2021

From the point of view of the logistical approach, the value expected by the consumer is to provide the highest utility in terms of time and place. Installed that the source of creating a competitive position is the differentiation of customer service quality, reducing the cost of logistics processes by optimizing the logistics flows of products, information, capital and their processing in the logistics system of the enterprise or corporate network. The purpose of the study is to present the benefits of models of strategic alliances of logistics partnerships to increase the competitive position of enterprises whose development is based on the internationalization of activities. It is substantiated that using the synergy of the alliance, enterprises develop rapidly due to the effective merger of knowledge, skills, financial resources, technologies, infrastructure, means of production. Models of strategic alliances of logistics partnership are identified. An alliance of close integration is the cooperation of competitors in the field of production of a certain product or the implementation of a certain stage of the production process. It is a partnership of competitors who want to gain at the expense of the alliance: access to joint assets of partners, pooling of investments for innovative projects, achieving benefits through economies of scale, the ability to control the logistics process of competitors with expanded sales channels. An additive alliance is a union of partners who jointly produce and sell the final product C. Through this form of cooperation, allies increase their competitive position, which is reflected in increased sales, reduced costs, increased market share and increased barriers to entry into the sector. A complementary alliance brings together competitors who offer complementary services. Most often, one of the partners is involved in the production of product A, the other – in its distribution. Partners strengthen each other's competitive position by improving the quality of customer service, taking into account the increase in the usefulness of time and place in the well-known partner B – the local market. The article presents the logic of creating utility in the models of strategic alliances of logistics partnership.
SERVICES' MODES OF SUPPLY: THEORETICAL ASPECTS AND IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICS IN THE INCONSISTENT PRESENT
Authors: Pavliuk Vasyl , Mulenko Volodymyr
Published: April 2021

The significant role of services in modern world trade, international migration of labor and capital, science and technology, information space, creates the need to research services' modes of supply and the impact of the pandemic on the specifics of these modes’ usage. The article is focused on the refinement and improvement of existing services' modes of supply and theoretical aspects of the international trade in services operations; identification of future trends in the service sector and the use of existing supply models. Four trade in services modes of supply depending on the need to move the supplier or consumer are distinguished: cross-border supply, consumption abroad, commercial presence and presence of natural persons. It was found that the existence of trade in services modes of supply is due to the specifics of international trade in services, such as the need for direct contact between supplier and consumer, greater protection by the state compared to trade in goods, impossibility of some services types selling in international markets, regulation by domestic legislation of individual countries etc. Identification of a fifth trade in services mode of supply in which the consumer and supplier move to a third country to trade in services is proposed. It is established that creating of a commercial presence is the most used model. The future growth of services’ trade in the cross-border regime is substantiated as a consequence of the necessity to operate service enterprises during the pandemic and in the post-quarantine period. The increase of tourism services sales in the cross-border mode of supply due to the active introduction of virtual reality technologies and the development of virtual tourism is forecasted. The transition of construction services to cross-border supply due to active development of modular construction and use of the latest technologies such as 3D printers and artificial intelligence is predicted. However, it is emphasized that it is impossible to completely exclude the physical movement of the supplier or consumer in the provision of certain types of services, even with the advancement of technology. The presented study results can be used as a basis for further research into models of trade in services and development of effective services trade policies during quarantine and post-quarantine period.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Hajiyev Bashir
Published: April 2021

One of the developing sectors of the economy in the non-oil sector is tourism. The recent development in the field of tourism. International competitions held in our country are one of the main factors ensuring the flow of tourists. As the interest of tourists to our country grows, so do the types of tourism. There are different types of tourism, and each of them is unique. One of them is ecotourism. Ecotourism is a type of tourism in which foreign visitors come in contact with the local population, rent their homes and use their kitchens. Locals also get information about the foreign tourists’ country, history and culture, music and cuisine. When talking about nature tourism, experts draw attention to the income of the local population from this business, saying that it prevents both unemployment and people’s dependence on the state. The rich nature of Azerbaijan, sights, fresh mountain air, cool springs, the world famous Caspian Sea have led to the creation of a number of international routes and the formation of the corresponding infrastructure. In this regard, our country, which has an advantageous position for any sphere of tourism, is very lucky.
DEVELOPMENT BANKING SERVICES FOR THE POOR
Authors: Miroshnik Mykola , Didenko Iryna
Published: April 2021

Despite the many achievements of the XXI century in the development of economic and social relations, comprehensive globalization and digitalization of most sectors of the national economy, the problem of poverty remain still quite urgent worldwide. That is why its improvement is recognized as one of the goals of sustainable development adopted by the UN. Moreover, according to the World Bank in the 2017, more than 1.7 billion adults were not served in banking institutions (or were unbanked), which indicates another pressing problem - financial inclusion. All this presupposes the high relevance of the study of the basic practices of the banking services development for the poor people, which is the main goal of this article. To achieve this goal, the paper proposes to conduct a conceptual analysis of the phenomenon of financial inclusion and highlight the main factors that affect it (territorial, financial, educational, legal, psychological), as well as such group of the population as low-income (or poor). Based on this, the author considered two main practices that can be used to develop the market of banking services. First, the model of branchless banking is considered, which involves use of a wide range of retail agents (for exampl'e, mobile operators, post offices, gas stations, retail outlets, etc.). It allows the poor, regardless of territorial and financial constraints, receive basic banking services from such retail agents, and banks to act as their guarantor. Secondly, model of microfinance for banks is researhed, which allows to provide financial resources for business initiatives of the poor people on fairly favorable terms.In this model, banks can also either provide such services directly, or involve intermediaries (primarily microfinance institutions) to interact with customers. Both of the above models have their advantages and risks for the banking sector, but their implementation will help not only to attract the unused (or unbanked) customer sector, but also to help overcome poverty in the country.The obtained results indicate the need for state regulation of the above models for their effectiveness in Ukraine and are the basis for more thorough research in this area.
INDICATORS OF EVALUATION OF THE VENTURE STRUCTURES DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kuzmin Oleh , Terletska Viktoriia
Published: April 2021

The article has been examined the problem of formation and evaluation of the development of venture structures (on the example of a venture fund) in terms of intensification of innovation. It has been offered to estimate development of venture structures on element indicators of efficiency of functioning and element indicators of a condition and dynamics of functioning of venture structure. Generalizing is the integrated assessment of the coherence of the development of venture structure, which will help to obtain an adequate assessment of the balance of development of venture structures. Approaches to the development of venture structures by both domestic and foreign scientists have been presented. The system of indicators of estimation of development of venture structures on element indicators of efficiency of functioning and indicators of a condition and dynamics of functioning has been investigated and formed. The complexity and versatility of the concept of development, as well as the ambiguity and variability of the legislative support of venture structures, caused by rapid growth, requires the use of specific approaches to assessing their development. Given the importance of the concept of "development" and taking into account the lack of a normatively established system of indicators for assessing the development of venture structures, there is an urgent task – the formation of a coherent system of indicators for assessing the assessment of development, evaluation of development. The above actualizes the search and construction of a holistic system for assessing the development of venture structures by element indicators. The sequence of calculation of the integrated indicator of the development of venture structures should be carried out in the following sequence: to determine the main elements (indicators) of development of venture structures; to investigate the main groups of indicators and systems of indicators through which the development of venture structures is manifested in accordance with the main elements of the development of venture structures; to determine the importance of each element of the development of the venture structure; to form in accordance with each group a system of indicators of the relevant element of the development of the venture structure; to form a model of the relationship of the system of indicators of each group of the corresponding element of the development of the venture structure for the formation of an integrated assessment of the consistency of the development of the venture structure. Generalizing is the integrated assessment of the coherence of the development of venture structure, which will help to obtain an adequate assessment of the balance of development of venture structures.
STUDENTS’ FOOD SERVICE SET UP IN SCHOOL CANTEENS: THEORY AND PRACTICE BASICS
Authors: Piatnytska Nila , Parubec Oleg , Hryhorenko Oleg
Published: April 2021

The article describes the analysis of transformation of food services at secondary school establishments in Kyiv. The main goal was to provide children with sufficient qualitative and safe food. Factors that contribute to the solution of this issue were identified. It was proved that the food service is an important part of this task. The current state of food service at school canteens and cafeteria was assessed. The following different method and ways of service were investigated: multi-profile nutrition, self-service with different payment methods for food, service by cooks and waters. The benefits, possible short-comings and difficulties of use of different methods were defined. Correctness of the use of these methods for the students of different age groups was scientifically proved. The measures which negatively impact the service level were also identified based on scientific research. The responsibilities of parents and other executive persons as moderators of food service process at school canteens were defined. The value of appropriate material and technical base which complies with building codes and rules as well as sanitary, hygienic and environmental standards for the serving process was demonstrated. The importance of customer service quality control was shown. The necessity of a study of customer demand with the help of surveys among students, teachers and parents was demonstrated as well as with the help of automatic system which will help to work out the number of methods for improving student service quality. A number of limitation factors which are introduced in connection with the spread of coronavirus infection were characterized and the assessment of these limitation factors on the quality of customer service was shown. The recommendations about using different limit methods were given. The necessity of new tender requirements to the food service providers in secondary schools were pointed out, which is supposed to improve their responsibility for the quality of service provided. The legitimacy of the use of various terms in the field of service was theoretically substantiated. The scientifically substantiated classification of methods and forms of service of students was carried out. The areas of work to bring the quality of food organization to the requirements and preferences of students were identified.