bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Assessment of Impulsivity in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia in Exacerbation and Remission
Authors: Morozova M. A. , Nikonova E. Yu. , Rupchev G. E. , Lepilkina T. A. , Belyaev S. A. , Beniashvili A. G. , Burminskiy D. S. , Potanin S. S. , Kibitov A. A.
Published: November 2024

Background: impaired impulse control is thought to be an important hallmark of schizophrenia, which is closely related to the dysfunction of many of the neurophysiological systems of the central nervous system characteristic of the disease. The presence of increased impulsivity requires special attention in view of the risks associated with it, both for the patients themselves and for society. Aim of the study: to assess the presence of signs of a significant level of impulsivity in self-reporting on the Barratt scale in patients with paranoid schizophrenia in a state of exacerbation and remission. Patients and Methods: the study included two groups of patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia both in a state of sustained remission with residual psychotic symptoms and patients in a state of exacerbation. Control group: consisted of healthy subjects. To assess impulsivity, the Barratt scale, adapted to the Russian population, was used. Results: it turned out that in both groups of patients, increased impulsivity was detected in half of the cases (54% and 46%, respectively). In the control group, only 22% had such cases. There were no differences between the groups of patients. When analyzing the ratio of indicators on different subscales of the Barratt scale, no differences were found both between the groups and in comparison, with the control group. Conclusion: the results of the study suggest that impulsivity as an element of the clinical picture, which is found in the patient’s self-report, may be an informative sign that should be taken into account when forming a psychopharmacological treatment regimen and rehabilitation programs. The Barratt scale can be used in patients with schizophrenia in everyday practice.
MALE SUPERIORITY REPRESENTED THROUGH P.T. BARNUM CHARACTER SCENE IN THE GREATEST SHOWMAN (2017) FILM
Authors: Napitupulu Fitri Any , Fithratullah Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study examines the depiction of male superiority in The Greatest Showman (2017) through the character of P.T. Barnum utilizing Connell’s (2005) framework of hegemonic masculinity to analyze the character of P.T. Barnum. The film serves as a contemporary lens through which to explore the societal constructs of male dominance, ambition, and emotional vulnerability. Despite extensive scholarship on gender dynamics, there remains a notable gap in the cinematic analysis of male superiority, particularly in Western biographical musicals. This study identifies these gaps, specifically in the portrayal of male characters’ internal conflicts and the intersection of personal and professional relationships. Employing a thematic analysis of dialogue and visual elements, the research elucidates how Barnum’s actions reflect traditional masculine ideals while simultaneously challenging them through moments of vulnerability. By examining key dialogues and visual symbols, the findings reveal the complexities of Barnum’s character as both an embodiment of ambition and a critique of rigid masculinity. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader discourse on gender studies and cinematic analysis, offering insights into how The Greatest Showman both reinforces and complicates contemporary views on masculinity and its implications for societal structures and personal relationships.
CHALLENGES IN PRONOUNCING THE LETTER "R" IN THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET
Authors: Aulia M. Rifki , Siwi Purwanto
Published: November 2024

This research aims to explore the challenges faced by students in pronouncing the letter "r" in English words. A descriptive quantitative research design was used, incorporating pronunciation tests to gather data. The study focused on eighth-grade students at SMP Islam An Nizam Medan, with a sample of 15 students selected through simple random sampling from a total of 30 students. The students' pronunciation was recorded as they read aloud from three different texts, and their performance was analyzed for errors in pronouncing the "r" sound. The results revealed significant difficulties, with a total of 79 errors across all three texts. Specifically, Text 1 contained 21 errors (26.5%), Text 2 had 39 errors (49.3%), and Text 3 accounted for 19 errors (24%). The findings highlight the widespread difficulties students face in pronouncing the "r" sound, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and teaching strategies to help improve pronunciation skills. This study contributes valuable insights into the specific pronunciation challenges encountered by non-native English learners.
MAGICAL REALISM ELEMENTS IN DIANNA WYNNE JONES’ NOVEL HOWL’S MOVING CASTLE
Authors: Juwairina Salsa Ismil , Ekalestari Susi
Published: November 2024

This study offers an in-depth analysis of the elements of magical realism in Diana Wynne Jones' novel Howl's Moving Castle. The research focuses on specific instances of magical realism, examining their impact on character development, relationships, and personal growth throughout the narrative. Using Wendy B. Faris' theoretical framework of magical realism, this study aims to reveal how fantastical elements shape character interactions and influence readers’ perceptions of the genre’s unique attributes. A qualitative descriptive method is employed to identify three core elements of magical realism within Howl's Moving Castle: the irreducible element, the phenomenal world, and the disruption of time, space, and identity. These components are shown to significantly impact character dynamics and personal transformations, highlighting how magical realism blends reality with myth to explore complex human experiences and social themes. The findings provide valuable insights into the narrative techniques and thematic depth of the genre, enriching the understanding of magical realism’s role in literature.
HUMAN EXPLOITATION IN ARAVIND ADIGA’S NOVEL THE WHITE TIGER
Authors: Seftina Dera , Suhadi Muhammad Fatih
Published: November 2024

Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger explores the stark social disparities between the wealthy and impoverished in India, illustrating how systemic poverty perpetuates marginalization. The protagonist, Balram Halwai, narrates his journey from a lower-caste background to becoming a self-made, successful individual in India. Balram's story is not just one of personal ambition but also of navigating a rigidly stratified society. This study addresses two primary issues: the exploitation Balram endures due to his socioeconomic status; and his strategic actions are to attain freedom from the oppressive forces in his life. Using a library research method, the study integrates secondary sources, including books and articles, to deepen the analysis of the novel. Employing a psychological approach, this study examines the psychological complexities of Balram’s character, supported by theories on character development, data credibility, theoretical triangulation, and reliability. Balram is depicted as an astute yet morally ambiguous character, exhibiting selfishness, cunning, irresponsibility, dishonesty, and a lack of remorse. The analysis reveals how his behaviors and attitudes—such as detachment from others and deviant tendencies—are shaped by his environment. India’s entrenched caste system underpins various social issues in the novel, including poverty, unemployment, corruption in education, inadequate healthcare, exploitation, discrimination, and the persistence of hierarchical master-servant relationships. These factors collectively influence Balram’s psychological development, and shape him into a figure both reflective and critical of the society he navigates.
SUPPRESSION EFFORTS BY THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT AGAINST THE PROTAGONIST IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER'S HOUSE OF GLASS
Authors: Berutu Achmanudin , Wulan Sri
Published: November 2024

This research examines the Dutch colonial government's efforts to suppress the actions of Minke, the protagonist in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's novel House of Glass. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study analyzes words, phrases, and sentences in the novel that indicate colonial attempts to hinder Minke’s activities. The methodology involved qualitative data collection focused on identifying events that reflect the colonial government's interventions. The analysis centers on two key aspects: Minke's actions, which include spreading nationalist ideas, organizing movements, leading the SDI (Serikat Dagang Islam), and using speech and writing as tools for resistance. The findings reveal that the colonial government employed various strategies to curb Minke's influence, including surveillance and reporting, legal restrictions and extrajudicial measures, exile of prominent figures, property confiscation, and rumor-spreading. These efforts underscore the colonial regime's reliance on military force and the loyalty of indigenous officials, highlighting its fundamental weaknesses due to a lack of democratic foundations.
BIPOLAR DISORDER EPISODES IN THE PROTAGONIST OF JENNIFER NIVEN’S ALL THE BRIGHT PLACES
Authors: Ikbal Muhammar , Pawiro Muhammad Ali
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the depiction of bipolar disorder in Jennifer Niven’s All the Bright Places, focusing on its impact on the protagonist, Theodore Finch. Using a psychological framework, the research draws on Lesmana’s theory of bipolar disorder to analyze the manic and depressive episodes Finch experiences throughout the novel. The narrative vividly portrays Finch’s drastic mood swings, alternating between periods of elevated euphoria and profound depression. This analysis examines how these emotional extremes shape Finch's interactions with others, influence his relationships, and contribute to his suicidal thoughts. Through a deep dive into Finch’s character, the study emphasizes the challenges of living with bipolar disorder, illustrating how the disorder affects both personal identity and social dynamics. The findings reveal that Finch's experiences align with the characteristic patterns of manic and depressive episodes, as outlined in Lesmana’s theory. Ultimately, the research highlights the importance of addressing mental health issues in literature, enriching the conversation on psychological themes and fostering greater empathy for those affected by such conditions.
CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN FOOTBALL NEWS ON GOAL.COM
Authors: Surahman Fauzi Akbar , Rosalinah Yanti , Alhaq Muhammad Wafdan
Published: November 2024

This research examines conceptual metaphors as defined by Lakoff and Johnson, focusing on three types: structural, ontological, and orientational. The study analyzes an editorial from Goal.com titled, "Arsenal have no margin for error! Gunners told Liverpool showdown is 'must-win' in title race just eight games into 2024-25 season," using a qualitative approach grounded in cognitive semantic theory to explore the nuanced meanings conveyed through metaphor in sports commentary. Known for its in-depth and timely football analysis, Goal.com offers insights into how metaphors enhance fans' understanding of competitive sports narratives. Data collection involved close reading and note-taking, identifying instances of structural, ontological, and orientational metaphors, along with their source and target domains and image schemas. Findings reveal five structural metaphors, which use schemas such as Scale and Force to emphasize competitive intensity; four ontological metaphors, drawing on Container, Force, and Existence schemas to illustrate team pressures; and one orientational metaphor, using the Container schema to deepen spatial and relational context in the text. This study highlights the role of sports media metaphors in shaping public perception, making abstract concepts like competition and resilience more tangible. By framing sports challenges in relatable, high-stakes terms, these metaphors foster emotional engagement among fans, creating a shared understanding of a team's journey and pressures and underscoring the powerful influence of metaphor in sports narratives.
SUFFERING IN EMILY DICKINSON’S SELECTED POEMS
Authors: Yusni H. Yusni H. , Suhadi Jumino , Purwarno Purwarno
Published: November 2024

This research examines the theme of suffering in Emily Dickinson’s selected poems, focusing on her unique poetic approach and the profound emotional resonance her work evokes. Emily Dickinson, a pivotal figure in 19th-century American literature, frequently explored themes of death, pain, and existential questions. Despite her reclusive life, her poetry is rich with personal imagery and symbols, reflecting her deep preoccupation with mortality and the human condition. The study utilizes a structural analytical approach, combining library research with descriptive qualitative analysis. This method involves a thorough examination of relevant literary critiques and an in-depth textual analysis of Dickinson’s poems. The aim is to uncover how Dickinson’s portrayal of suffering contributes to a deeper understanding of human experience. Findings indicate that Dickinson’s treatment of suffering is multifaceted, often depicting pain as a necessary aspect of the human soul's development and a precursor to joy and peace. Her poems suggest that pain and suffering are integral to personal growth and resilience. Dickinson’s ability to articulate the complexities of suffering through her innovative use of language and metaphor makes her work both timeless and universally relatable. Overall, Emily Dickinson’s exploration of suffering provides a profound insight into the human experience, highlighting the interconnectedness of pain, joy, and personal growth. Her poetry remains a significant contribution to American literature, offering a nuanced perspective on the inevitability of suffering and its role in shaping the human soul.
THE CONSEQUENCES OF DEFAMATION IN HAMKA’S NOVEL TERUSIR
Authors: Wahyuningsih Mukti , Manugeren M. , Pardi Pardi
Published: November 2024

Defamation is an act that harms an individual’s reputation through the spread of false statements. It is commonly categorized into two forms: libel, which involves written defamation, and slander, which refers to spoken or direct defamation. This research focuses on slander as a form of defamation that deeply impacts Mariah, the protagonist in Hamka’s novel Terusir. The study examines the consequences of defamation on Mariah, who, as a victim, endures severe hardships and social alienation. Adopting a sociological approach to literature, this research situates defamation within the context of real-world social dynamics, emphasizing its destructive potential within both fictional and actual communities. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were gathered from the novel’s narrative, as well as from monologues and dialogues. Terusir by Hamka serves as the primary data source, supplemented by secondary references that enhance the contextual analysis. Findings reveal that Mariah suffers extensively from defamation: she is publicly shamed and expelled from her home by her husband during a stormy night, symbolizing her isolation and loss of dignity. This defamatory act not only tarnishes Mariah’s identity as a respected mother and wife but also severs her relationship with her son, leading her into a state of near madness fueled by profound emotional turmoil and an overwhelming sense of loss.
A HERMENEUTIC ANALYSIS OF FILM THE LAST LETTER FROM YOUR LOVER
Authors: Fitriyah Fitriyah , Cahyani Zahra Dwi
Published: November 2024

The relationship between past and present is a compelling theme in film, particularly in The Last Letter from Your Lover, which explores love, time, and memory across two eras—the 1960s and the modern day. This study aims to interpret The Last Letter from Your Lover using a qualitative approach, grounded in Gadamer’s hermeneutic theory, to uncover layered meanings that are not directly expressed within the film. The analysis draws on primary data from key film elements, including dialogue, character development, narration, and other cinematic techniques, to provide a nuanced interpretation. Secondary data from academic literature, journals, and articles on hermeneutics supplement the study, offering theoretical depth to the analysis. Findings reveal how themes of love, time, and memory manifest through Gadamer’s concepts of historically effected consciousness, pre-understanding, fusion of horizons, and application. This research aims to contribute to film studies by enhancing understanding of implied meaning through hermeneutic analysis, enriching perspectives on temporal and emotional connections within film narratives.
Моделі самоорганізації колективу однорідних безпілотних літальних апаратів при рішенні слабоформалізованих завдань
Authors: Тристан А.В. , Жуков Д.І.
Published: November 2024

The development and modernization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), their control systems, safety and regulation, expansion of functionality, miniaturization and increase of sensor performance, improvement of energy capabilities and routing process, increase of autonomy, contributes to the improvement of the performance of tasks. In order to obtain the best performance, customize the process of UAV team self-organization, and reduce risks for operators, the article proposes to consider the proposed method of rules for self-organization of a team of homogeneous UAVs in solving poorly formalized tasks. The basis for writing a scientific paper is the tendency to constantly increase the relevance of UAVs due to their efficiency and feasibility, as well as the constant development of artificial intelligence and information technology. By thoroughly studying, researching and implementing these areas into UAV team management systems, a number of problems related to the construction of UAV teams using existing methods and models are solved. Such as: the vulnerability of the built UAV team, the inability to continue the task due to the destruction or loss of communication with the main UAV or operator (control point), economic inexpediency, reduction of the cognitive load on operators, and others. It should also be noted that in the realities of war, it is necessary to get ahead of the enemy’s scientific research and create an advantage over him in the field of robotic technologies. A model of rules for the self-organization of a team of homogeneous UAVs in solving poorly formalized tasks is proposed, in which a number of functions (route planning, role distribution, determination of optimal actions, obtaining and processing information) assigned to the onboard system of a robotic air complex can be performed by each element of the UAV team system through their self-organization. The practicality of this method lies in the fact that the artificial intelligence of the UAV will constantly self-learn and improve through the use of machine and deep learning. Thus, the results and time required to complete missions will improve significantly, and the number of control operators will decrease. A number of problems and shortcomings related to the organization of the control system, route planning, role assignment, speed and completeness of information receipt, processing and transmission are being addressed, which in turn improves the security and performance of the system.
Розвиток української авіації у період визвольних змагань 1917–1920 років
Authors: Нікіфоров І.А. , Зінченко А.Ю.
Published: November 2024

У статті розглядаються питання створення, формування, розвиток та застосування української авіації під час Української національно-демократичної революції на трьох етапах її розвитку. За мету цієї роботи ставиться вивчення досвіду створення власної української авіації. Розглядаються питання створення та формування військово-повітряних сил, призначення керівного складу, штатної структури, порядок проведення українізації авіаційних частин та їх застосування в період Української Народної Республіки. Описується, яка структура повітряних сил існувала в період Української Держави Павла Скоропадського та як вона практично використовувалась, доля авіації після більшовицького захоплення влади. Розглядаються питання застосування авіації від початку Другої російсько-української війни до середини 1920 р. під час Доби Директорії. Матеріал, викладений у статті, варто використовувати у навчанні та вихованні майбутніх авіаторів сучасної української армії.
Аналітичний огляд інформаційної кампанії Російської Федерації проти України у першому півріччі 2024 року
Authors: Хударковський К.І. , Залкін С.В. , Сідченко С.О. , Бєлімов В.В. , Мартиненко П.М. , Бєлоус М.В. , Білодід В.Г.
Published: November 2024

У статті представлені результати аналізу інформаційної кампанії Російської Федерації (РФ) проти України у першому півріччі 2024 року. Відмічається, що на початку 2024 року РФ значно посилила інформаційний (психологічний) вплив в інформаційному просторі на Україну та на країни-партнери України в Європі. У статті визначені основні напрями російської пропагандистської кампанії на початку 2024 року. Відмічається, що основний акцент інформаційної кампанії РФ проти України на початку 2024 року спрямований на розхитування українського суспільства шляхом провокування внутрішніх конфліктів та на внутрішню російську аудиторію, що зумовлено черговими виборами президента РФ.
Наведена інформація про російську інформаційну (психологічну) операцію “Майдан-3”. Представлена інформація про початок активної фази інформаційної операції РФ проти України “Перун”. Проаналізований основний зміст інтерв’ю, яке надав президент РФ американському журналісту Такеру Карлсону. Відмічається активізація дезінформаційної кампанії РФ проти України у Європі та на Близькому Сході. Відзначається, що російський месенджер Telegram став ключовою зброєю прокремлівських акаунтів у поширенні дезінформації, спрямованої на підрив підтримки України в Європейському Союзі.
Наведені статистичні дані здійснення ударів різними засобами повітряного нападу РФ по інфраструктурним, військовим та цивільним об’єктам України.
Las dos versiones del poema de las preguntas sobre la Biblia y la naturaleza atribuido a Abraham ibn Ezra
Authors: Prats Oliván Arturo
Published: November 2024

Los textos que se editan aquí corresponden a un poema atribuido a Abraham ibn Ezra que fue editado a finales del siglo XIX. El presente trabajo cuestiona la antigua edición proponiendo una nueva de dos distintas versiones del poema a partir de las fuentes manuscritas disponibles, la primera elaborada a partir de múltiples testimonios textuales conservados en manuscritos orientales datados entre los siglos XVII y XIX y en los que el poema se atribuye a Abraham ibn Ezra, y la otra versión elaborada a partir de un único manuscrito de Alfonso de Zamora (s. XVI), converso y profesor de hebreo de la universidad de Alcalá de Henares, el manuscrito de la biblioteca de la Universidad de Leiden, ms. Leiden Or. 645, en cuyo encabezamiento se dice que el autor del texto era un «sabio judío francés», probablemente provenzal.
Enhancing university level English proficiency with generative AI: Empirical insights into automated feedback and learning outcomes
Authors: Chan Sumie Tsz Sum , Lo Noble Po Kan , Wong Alan Man Him
Published: November 2024

This paper investigates the effects of large language model (LLM) based feedback on the essay writing proficiency of university students in Hong Kong. It focuses on exploring the potential improvements that generative artificial intelligence (AI) can bring to student essay revisions, its effect on student engagement with writing tasks, and the emotions students experience while undergoing the process of revising written work. Utilizing a randomized controlled trial, it draws comparisons between the experiences and performance of 918 language students at a Hong Kong university, some of whom received generated feedback (GPT-3.5-turbo LLM) and some of whom did not. The impact of AI-generated feedback is assessed not only through quantifiable metrics, entailing statistical analysis of the impact of AI feedback on essay grading, but also through subjective indices, student surveys that captured motivational levels and emotional states, as well as thematic analysis of interviews with participating students. The incorporation of AI-generated feedback into the revision process demonstrated significant improvements in the caliber of students’ essays. The quantitative data suggests notable effect sizes of statistical significance, while qualitative feedback from students highlights increases in engagement and motivation as well as a mixed emotional experience during revision among those who received AI feedback.
Academic Cheating, Achievement Orientations, and Culture Values: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Li , Yang Xinchen , Yu Xinyi , Zheng Jiaxin , Mao Haiying , Fu Genyue , Fang Fang , Lee Kang
Published: November 2024

This preregistered meta-analysis investigated whether cultural values moderate the relations between students’ achievement orientations and their tendency to cheat. We identified 80 studies on the associations between performance/learning orientations and academic cheating in 27 countries with 40,867 participants. Performance orientation positively correlates with academic cheating ( r = .09, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.13), and learning orientation negatively correlates with academic cheating ( r = −.16, 95% CI = −0.20 to –0.13). Univariate meta-analysis, hierarchical meta-regression, and meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) revealed that cultural values at the country level significantly moderate the relations between achievement orientations and cheating. These findings suggested that cultural values play a significant role in influencing the relations between achievement orientations and academic cheating, and, thus, cheating prevention programs must consider culture to achieve optimal effects. Based on these findings, we propose a new model that integrates cultural values into the existing model of academic cheating decision-making.
Exploring the Correlation Between Bone Marrow Edema in the Tibial Plateau and Surgical Preferences in Stage 3 Gonarthrosis Patients
Authors: Davulcu Cumhur Deniz , Celayir Arın
Published: November 2024

Abstract:*
Objective: This research aimed to investigate the association between the presence of bone marrow edema in the tibial plateau and the patient's inclination towards surgery in individuals diagnosed with stage 3 gonarthrosis.

Background/Purpose: A cohort of 40 patients with confirmed stage 3 gonarthrosis was enrolled in this study. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans were employed to assess the presence and severity of bone marrow edema in the tibial plateau. Patient demographics, clinical history, and radiographic data were collected. A comprehensive statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, was performed to identify any significant relationships.

Results: A statistically significant positive correlation was found between edema and age (r = 0.47, p < 0.01), indicating that as age increases, the presence of edema also tends to increase. No significant correlations were found between edema and BMI (r = -0.06, p = 0.70), or between BMI and age (r = 0.08, p = 0.62). This suggests that, within this sample, BMI does not significantly relate to either edema or age. Patients with more pronounced bone marrow edema were more likely to opt for surgery. Additionally, age and previous conservative treatment outcomes were identified as potential confounding factors influencing the decision-making process.

Conclusion: The findings of this research underscore the relevance of bone marrow edema in the tibial plateau as a factor influencing the surgical inclination of stage 3 gonarthrosis patients. Understanding this relationship can contribute to a more personalized approach to treatment decisions in orthopedic practice, allowing healthcare professionals to better plan the interventions based on individual patient characteristics and preferences. Further studies are warranted to explore additional factors that may contribute to the complex decision-making process in managing advanced knee osteoarthritis.
Hemosiderosis pulmonar secundaria a poliangeitis microscópica
Authors: Rijo Sofía , Cedrés Liliana , Notejane Martín , Cantirán Valentina , Pinchak Catalina , Moreira Isabel , Cameto Juan , Rébori Anabella , García Loreley
Published: November 2024

Introducción: la hemosiderosis pulmonar (HP) es una enfermedad crónica, rara, caracterizada por hemorragia alveolar y acumulación de hemosiderina en los macrófagos alveolares. Puede ocurrir como una enfermedad primitiva pulmonar o secundaria a vasculitis y enfermedades cardíacas.
Objetivos: describir el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de una niña con HP secundaria a poliangeitis microscópica.
Caso clínico: 2 años, sexo femenino. Síndrome de Down (SD), comunicación auriculoventricular corregida. Bronquiolitis grave a los 22 meses, posteriormente sibilancias recurrentes. Un mes previo al ingreso, anemia severa de perfil ferropénico que requiere transfusión. Cuatro días previos instala síntomas respiratorios y fatiga progresiva en apirexia. Examen físico: reactiva, regular estado general, palidez cutánea no mucosa. Tirajes, sibilancias y subcrepitantes bilaterales. Soplo sistólico 2/6. Se realiza: oxigenoterapia, broncodilatadores y corticoides. Radiografía: infiltrado intersticial bilateral y difuso, sin cardiomegalia. Hemograma: anemia leve, microcítica, hipocrómica. Metabolismo del hierro confirma ferropenia. Orina: microhematuria transitoria. Función renal normal. Fibrobroncoscopía con lavado bronquioalveolar (LAB): macrófagos con gránulos amarronados sugestivos de hemosiderina. Estudios etiológicos, anticuerpos (Ac): antinucleares positivos (1/80), anticardiolipinas e inhibidor lúpico negativos. Ac antimembrana basal glomerular (MBG) negativo. Ac anticitoplasma de neutrófilo (ANCA) positivo patrón P-ANCA, Ac antimieloperoxidasa (MPO) positivos, Ac antiproteinasa 3 (PR3) negativo. Con planteo de poliangeitis microscópica se inicia metilprednisolona, luego corticoides orales e inmunosupresores. Mejoría clínica, sin recaídas, se suspende el oxígeno, no reitera microhematuria, continúa con micofenolato en seguimiento.
Discusión: la anemia ferropénica severa con repercusión hemodinámica en un niño con SD orientó a HP. El LAB lo confirmó. La ausencia de afectación renal con microhematuria transitoria y Ac anti-MBG negativos alejó el síndrome de Goodpasture. Los Ac ANCA positivos con el patrón detectado orientaron a poliangeitis microscópica. El pronóstico es variable, siendo peor en casos con recaídas, corticodependencia o falta de recuperación completa. Se sugiere seguimiento individualizado, interdisciplinario, a largo plazo.
Encefalopatía epiléptica de debut neonatal
Authors: Zurbriggen Candela , Janis Constanza , Berazategui Juan Pablo , Goldschmidt Ernesto , López Lucrecia , Ferrer Juan Manuel
Published: November 2024

Introducción: el gen KCNQ2 codifica una subunidad formadora de canales de potasio que se encuentran en las neuronas, éstas transmiten señal eléctrica y así las neuronas no permanecen constantemente activas. Mutaciones en el gen pueden desencadenar excesiva excitabilidad neuronal causando CNBF o EEP 7, o ambas. Estas mutaciones constituyen un diagnóstico etiológico emergente y poco conocido de la epilepsia neonatal.
Objetivos: describir un caso clínico con convulsiones en etapa neonatal y con detección temprana del gen KCNQ2.
Caso clínico: se expone el caso de un neonato de 11 días de vida que consulta en guardia por presentar en domicilio episodios tónico clónicos de miembro superior derecho asociados a cianosis peribucal. Se medica con anticonvulsivantes. Se solicitan estudios complementarios, los cuales se encuentran alterados en polisomnográfico con episodios convulsivos y el panel genético para convulsiones neonatales tempranas: alteración para el gen KCNQ2.
Conclusiones: conocer los genes causantes y diagnosticarlos a tiempo podría tener una gran repercusión en el pronóstico y tratamiento.
Extubación de pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal tipo 1
Authors: Huerta Antonio , Valdebenito Carlos , Manresa Ana , Herrero Victoria , Prado Francisco
Published: November 2024

La atrofia muscular espinal 5q, en su modalidad de presentación temprana, se asocia a eventos de insuficiencia ventilatoria dentro del primer año de vida, incluso en aquellos pacientes con intervención farmacológica específica. Esta evolución se debe al compromiso de los músculos inspiratorios, espiratorios y de la deglución con impacto adicional y relevante en la capacidad tusígena. El soporte ventilatorio no invasivo, sumado a estrategias de reclutamiento de volumen pulmonar, y facilitación de la tos manual y mecánica, son herramientas que logran evitarlos. Sin embargo, si estos pacientes requieren ser intubados, son difícilmente extubables con los protocolos habitualmente utilizados en las unidades de cuidado intensivo pediátrico. Este artículo de revisión aborda la información existente para evitar que el fallo ventilatorio y la intubación deriven en una traqueostomía como interfase para la ventilación mecánica invasiva. Detalla aquellos protocolos de destete en atrofia muscular espinal, que al igual que en otros pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares sin compromiso de la primera motoneurona, permiten la transición al soporte ventilatorio no invasivo.
Intoxicación aguda por monóxido de carbono
Authors: Osta Lody , Tortorella María Noel , Dall´Orso Patricia , Prego Javier
Published: November 2024

Introducción: la intoxicación por monóxido de carbono (CO) es un tipo de intoxicación aguda frecuente en los meses de invierno y principal causa de muerte y secuelas neurológicas secundarias a un tóxico. La clínica puede variar desde una enfermedad leve hasta una situación crítica con riesgo vital inmediato.
Objetivos: describir la presentación clínica de niños y adolescentes que egresaron con diagnóstico de intoxicación por CO asistidos en el Departamento de Emergencia Pediátrica del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (DEP-CHPR).
Metodología: estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo. Incluyó a pacientes de 0 a 14 años con diagnóstico de intoxicación por CO, entre abril y agosto de 2022.
Resultados: se incluyeron 15 pacientes. Presentaron síntomas neurológicos 13 casos, 8 de gravedad (convulsiones, pérdida de conocimiento, coma). La fuente de exposición más frecuente fue el calefón a gas.
Discusión: no hubo en todos los casos un reconocimiento inmediato de la exposición y probable intoxicación, resultando en un retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Mayoritariamente se inició oxigenoterapia al 100% una vez sospechado o confirmado el diagnóstico. Los niveles de carboxihemoglobina (COHb) no se correlacionaron bien con la clínica, valores elevados de lactato sérico y aumento de las enzimas cardíacas fueron identificados en algunos casos.
Conclusiones: la intoxicación aguda por CO se manifestó por sintomatología neurológica con un amplio espectro de presentación clínica, en ocasiones con riesgo vital. El calefón a gas fue la causa más común en los casos graves. El nivel elevado de COHb contribuyó al diagnóstico, si bien un valor normal no lo descartó.
Hipertiroidismo neonatal
Authors: Da Rosa Daniele , Lorenzo Martín , Gagliardi Tatiana , Pose Guillermo
Published: November 2024

El hipertiroidismo neonatal se produce generalmente por el paso transplacentario de anticuerpos estimulantes del receptor de la TSH (TSI) en hijos de madres con enfermedad de Graves-Basedow. Se presenta el caso clínico de un recién nacido con diagnóstico de hipertiroidismo neonatal. Se trata de un recién nacido de término que comenzó a los 6 días de vida con polipnea, taquicardia e hipertensión, que presentaba en la paraclínica de screening del cordón una TSH de 0,01 uUI/ml, con un control posterior en sangre periférica del mismo valor y con T4: 7,75 ng/dl, T3: 12,99 pg/ml. Recibió tratamiento con metimazol y propanolol con buena evolución. Es de importancia el control posnatal y valoración con endocrinología de todos los recién nacidos hijos de madres con hipertiroidismo, debido a que estos recién nacidos están expuestos a una morbimortalidad significativa, lo que hace necesario el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos
Gaze scan-path similarity in mobile eye tracking using dynamic time warping (DTW)
Authors: Gulhan Doga , Aliyeva Ayshan , Bolouki Sina , Aslani Arghavan , Deroy Ophelia , Bahrami Bahador
Published: November 2024

Eye-tracking research, which often captures and analyses the trajectory of an observer’s gaze (commonly known as the scanpath) is crucial for understanding the dynamics of visual attention. While scanpath analysis typically relies on high-resolution data collected in controlled lab settings, it faces challenges in real-world applications, where data are often noisy. This paper explores the application of spatio-temporal scanpath similarity metrics as a measure of gaze pattern similarity, with a primary focus on dynamic time warping (DTW), alongside supplementary measures, within the context of mobile eye-tracking. We demonstrate an approach that utilises DTW via tslearn toolkit, adjusting the analysis to account for the lower spatio-temporal resolution and increased data variability inherent in mobile eye-tracking devices. Two datasets serve as the basis for our investigation: an instructed viewing set, consisting of benchmark experiment data where participants’ gaze follows predefined paths, and a free-viewing set where participants naturally engage with artwork stimuli. Our preliminary results demonstrate the robustness of DTW in capturing scanpath similarity despite data imperfections, especially when using gaze data, and to a lesser extent, with aggregated fixation data. We present a pipeline for implementing DTW in mobile eye-tracking, highlighting its effectiveness in real-world settings. While supplementary comparisons with other spatio-temporal similarity metrics are provided in the supplementary materials, the focus remains on DTW as the primary method for assessing scanpath similarity. To support further research, we provide datasets and analysis scripts publicly, alongside recommendations for applying DTW to mobile gaze data, aiming to broaden the scope of eye-tracking research.Keywords: mobile eye-tracking, temporal scanpath similarity, visual attention, dynamic time warping (DTW)
Transfer Asymmetry: Tversky’s Contrast Model of Similarity for Human Perceptual-Motor Learning
Authors: Yamaguchi Motonori
Published: November 2024

In choice-reaction tasks, responses are faster if stimuli and responses are spatially compatible than if they are incompatible, even when the locations of the stimuli are irrelevant to the task. This stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility effect that occurs based on task-irrelevant stimulus and response features is known as the Simon effect. The Simon effect can be eliminated or even reversed after training with spatially incompatible S-R mappings only for a short duration, indicating that newly acquired incompatible S-R associations transfer to the Simon task. This transfer effect is usually reduced when the context of the training task is altered at test, suggesting that the expression of learned S-R associations depends on the similarity between the learning and test contexts. However, there can be cases where transfer occurs from one context to another but not in the reverse direction (i.e. transfer asymmetry). Transfer asymmetry is problematic for many models of psychological similarity, which would predict that transfer is symmetrical between two contexts. The present study shows that Tversky’s set-theoretic model of similarity—the contrast model—is a useful framework for understanding how transfer symmetry arises in human perceptual-motor learning. The results of the two experiments imply that the similarity of contexts depends not only on features that overlap between the contexts but also on features that are distinctive to them.
Priorities and Pocketbooks: Public Opinion of and Willingness to Pay For Local Climate Action
Authors: Scheuch Eric
Published: November 2024

Over the course of the last decade, cities in the United States have taken an increasingly entrepreneurial approach to climate policy. With national policy on the topic likely to backslide in the near future, such entrepreneurship is vital to making progress. One major obstacle on this front is a lack of research on public opinion toward local climate policies, which are fundamentally different from national climate policies in a way that limits the generalizability of existing national research. I conduct the first ever national survey (n=1,600) focused on local climate public opinion. I measure two factors that are vital to policy feasibility: willingness to pay for and voter prioritization of different costs and benefits associated with climate policy. In the process, I 1. Avoid the common bias accompanying climate opinion questions that do not include tradeoffs, and 2. Find that voters are very willing to pay: an additional $250-330 in taxes per year for local climate policies. In a second survey (n=2,400) conducted a year later, I replicate these findings and also extend them, with a survey experiment testing the source of this high willingness to pay. I also test for subgroup differences across voter demographics, partisanship, community type, and actual climate vulnerability, in order to enhance our understanding of what policies are likely to be successful where. Collectively, I increase our understanding of public opinion on a rapidly growing arena of policy action and conflict.
Current and Future Impacts of Lithium Carbonate from Brines: A Global Regionalized Life Cycle Assessment Model
Authors: Schenker Vanessa , Pfister Stephan
Published: November 2024

Lithium (Li) is essential for decarbonization strategies, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy storage, experiencing the largest growth rates among metals required for low-carbon technologies. To meet this demand, the raw materials sector must increase current capacities and develop new ones at untapped deposits. Understanding life cycle impacts is crucial to avoid severe environmental burden shifts in the future. Although site-specific life cycle inventories exist, they do not allow for a comprehensive global assessment of the Li sector, particularly in capturing technological developments. To address this, our study presents a life cycle inventory model for brines that maintains essential site-specific parameters while providing a global perspective. We define core parameters for site-specific modeling of Li carbonate (Li2CO3) production and develop a systematic approach to addressing data gaps. Our model employs a class-based structure for 30 mapped processes from the literature, and quantifies environmental and technical flows. Overall, we cover 25 sites, representing 300 kilotonnes (90\%) of current Li2CO3 production from brines and an additional 315 kilotonnes of potential future production. One key finding is that sites using direct Li extraction have 6-fold higher climate change impacts than sites using conventional technologies on average while water scarcity impacts are doubled on average. The difference is a result of the larger brine mass required to be treated due to lower Li grades. Furthermore, our model allows the implications for Li-ion battery production to be analysed. Based on our findings, we discuss decarbonization strategies for the Li sector to support a sustainable transition to a low-carbon society.
Is it Really ‘Radicalisation’? Predatory Aggression Across Contexts
Authors: Moncrieff Michael
Published: November 2024

By reframing behavioural radicalisation as predatory aggression, this chapter introduces an analytical framework applicable across diverse contexts – from domestic terrorism to ethnic strife. Unlike bargaining aggression, which seeks negotiated gains, or reactive aggression, which is defensive, predatory aggression is driven by the intrinsic aim of eliminating or depowering perceived adversaries. This perspective clarifies why radicalised individuals are often viewed as “psychotic,” linking this perception to a psychological inversion of costs and benefits where harm to others becomes personally rewarding. By identifying envy and hatred as central emotions, the chapter advances a functional approach to the study of radicalisation. Through its application to ethnic violence, this perspective illuminates how predatory aggression shapes collective conflicts, offering a more precise conceptual boundary for behavioural radicalisation across different contexts.
Organization-level Inclusion Signals: Positive Effects for Both LGBT and non-LGBT Employees
Authors: Figueroa Alexandra , Jensen Sarah Lian , Graham Jesse
Published: November 2024

This work examines organizational-level inclusion signals and their subsequent effects on employees. Answering the call for more research on concealable stigmatized identities, we consider the effect of such organization-level inclusion signals for sexual and gender minorities (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender employees) while also considering the effect on non-target employees. In a time-lagged observational study (N = 1,165 ), archival data (N = 229), and a randomized experiment (N = 380), we show that organizational-level inclusion efforts lead to more positive perception of the organization’s psychological climate for sexual and gender minorities, closing the psychological safety gap between non-LGBT and LGBT employees.. Notably, these intentional inclusion efforts also benefit non-LGBT employees, which contradicts recent theoretical assertions that intentional inclusion can harm majority groups, or that organizational inclusion is a zero-sum game.These signals shaped positive behavioral intentions for all employees, leading to non-LGBT employees engaging in more individual ally work, and LGBT employees feeling more free to share their identities. Unexpectedly, inclusion signals even made non-LGBT employees less likely to conceal intimidating parts of their identity (e.g. religion, parental status) as well. In sum, we show that such signaling improves psychological safety for all employees, reducing or eliminating the deficit between target and non-target employees while also encouraging value-aligned positive behaviors.