bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drying Characteristics of Moutan Cortex by Rotary Wheel Microwave Vacuum Drying and Its Influence on Quality
Authors: Shang Jianwei , Ma Guojun , Wan Fangxin , Zang Zepeng , Xu Yanrui , Zhang Qian , Wang Tongxun , Huang Xiaopeng
Published: April 2024

To enhance the quality of Moutan Cortex for medicinal purposes, this study was conducted to analyze the impact of rotary microwave vacuum drying on its drying characteristics and overall quality. Experimental variables including drying temperature, rotor speed, and vacuum were examined to evaluate their effects on the microstructure, effective components, and drying properties of Moutan Cortex. The back propagation (BP) neural network was optimized by the northern eagle algorithm (NGO) to predict the moisture ratio throughout the drying process. Results indicated that increasing the drying temperature, vacuum level, and rotation speed led to an acceleration in the drying rate of Moutan Cortex, thereby reducing the drying time. The quality and color of dried products after microwave vacuum drying were superior to those achieved through natural drying. Notably, at the drying temperature of 50 °C, the Moutan Cortex demonstrated the highest total phenol content (451.33 mg/g) and antioxidant capacity (78.95%). With an increase in drying temperature, vacuum, and rotational speed, the polysaccharide showed an upward trend, and the highest value (681.37 mg/g) was obtained at 50 Hz. The highest total flavonoid content (1.08 mg/g) was observed at vacuum of −70 kPa. Optimal conditions for preserving the internal organization and maximizing the contents of gallic acid, paeoni-florin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, and paeonol were identified at a drying temperature of 45 °C, vacuum level of −65 kPa, and rotation rate of 35 Hz. Overall, the study concluded that the microwave vacuum drying of Moutan Cortex can significantly improve its medicinal value, offering valuable insights for the industrial processing of Moutan Cortex.
Phenotyping Peanut Drought Stress with Aerial Remote-Sensing and Crop Index Data
Authors: Balota Maria , Sarkar Sayantan , Bennett Rebecca S. , Burow Mark D.
Published: April 2024

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants respond to drought stress through changes in morpho-physiological and agronomic characteristics that breeders can use to improve the drought tolerance of this crop. Although agronomic traits, such as plant height, lateral growth, and yield, are easily measured, they may have low heritability due to environmental dependencies, including the soil type and rainfall distribution. Morpho-physiological characteristics, which may have high heritability, allow for optimal genetic gain. However, they are challenging to measure accurately at the field scale, hindering the confident selection of drought-tolerant genotypes. To this end, aerial imagery collected from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may provide confident phenotyping of drought tolerance. We selected a subset of 28 accessions from the U.S. peanut mini-core germplasm collection for in-depth evaluation under well-watered (rainfed) and water-restricted conditions in 2018 and 2019. We measured morpho-physiological and agronomic characteristics manually and estimated them from aerially collected vegetation indices. The peanut genotype and water regime significantly (p < 0.05) affected all the plant characteristics (RCC, SLA, yield, etc.). Manual and aerial measurements correlated with r values ranging from 0.02 to 0.94 (p < 0.05), but aerially estimated traits had a higher broad sense heritability (H2) than manual measurements. In particular, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rates were efficiently estimated (R2 ranging from 0.76 to 0.86) from the vegetation indices, indicating that UAVs can be used to phenotype drought tolerance for genetic gains in peanut plants.
Unveiling the Antioxidant Arsenal of Colored Sorghum: A Path to Functional Food Development
Authors: Meena Kanti , Meena Dharmendra K. , Jacob Jinu , Aruna Chandrasekhar , Visarada Kurella Bala Rama Saraswati
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the antioxidant potential of over 20 sorghum genotypes, spanning popular lines, inter-specific hybrids, and inter-generic crosses. Parameters such as free radical scavenging, flavonoid and phenolic content, and nitrous oxide (NO) neutralization were meticulously assessed. Leading the pack, ISC2020-C and SPV2612 demonstrated exceptional DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, highlighting their prowess against oxidative stress. ISC812-C stood out for its highest total phenolic content, linking phenolic abundance to overall antioxidant strength. Positive correlations between NO scavenging, DPPH, ABTS, and total phenolic content emphasized the synergistic role of bioactive components in colored sorghum grains. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed distinct patterns, with ISC202-C, ISC812-W, 27B, and SPV2612 displaying potent antioxidant profiles. UPGMA analysis of solvent extracts unveiled clusters, hinting at untapped diversity in inter-specific and inter-generic crosses. ISC304-C shared similarities with SM2288-G, while ISC812-C formed a unique cluster, suggesting unexplored bioactive profiles. In conclusion, this exploration showcases colored sorghum grains as rich sources of bioactive antioxidants. Utilizing inter-specific and inter-generic hybridization strategies can enhance sorghum’s nutritional value, fostering the development of safe and functional food products. The research sets the stage for optimizing sorghum breeding and processing techniques, maximizing antioxidant potential for practical applications in human health and food security.
UAV-Based Remote Sensing to Evaluate Daily Water Demand Characteristics of Maize: A Case Study from Yuci Lifang Organic Dry Farming Experimental Base in Jinzhong City, China
Authors: Li Yaoyu , Qu Tengteng , Wang Yuzhi , Zhao Qixin , Jia Shujie , Yin Zhe , Guo Zhaodong , Wang Guofang , Li Fuzhong , Zhang Wuping
Published: April 2024

Soil moisture critically influences crop growth, especially in dryland environments. Precise agricultural management requires real-time monitoring of stratified soil moisture and assessment of crops’ daily water needs. We aim to provide low-cost, high-throughput information acquisition services for dryland regions with underdeveloped infrastructure and offer scientific support for sustainable water resource management. We used UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) with multi-spectral sensors for routine maize monitoring, capturing leaf reflectance. Constructing vegetation indices, we quantified the relationship between leaf water content and surface soil moisture, using the Biswas model to predict deep soil moisture distribution. We used UVAs to monitor crop height and calculated the daily water demand for the entire growth period of corn using the Penman Montes equation. We found an R2 of 0.8603, RMSE of 2.455%, and MAE of 2.099% between NDVI and canopy leaf water content. A strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.7510) between canopy leaf water content and soil moisture was observed in the top 20 cm of soil. Deep soil moisture inversion from the top 20 cm soil moisture showed an R2 of 0.9984, with RE mostly under 10%, but exceeding 20% at 120 cm depth. We also constructed a maize height model aligning with a sigmoidal growth curve (R2 = 0.9724). Maize’s daily water demand varied from 0.7121 to 9.4263 mm, exhibiting a downward-opening parabolic trend. Integration of rainfall and soil water data allowed for dynamic irrigation adjustments, mitigating drought and water stress effects on crops. We highlighted UAV multi-spectral imaging’s effectiveness in monitoring crop water needs, facilitating quick daily water requirement estimations. Our work offers a scientific foundation for managing maize cultivation in drylands, enhancing water resource utilization.
A Method to Estimate Climate Drivers of Maize Yield Predictability Leveraging Genetic-by-Environment Interactions in the US and Canada
Authors: Sarzaeim Parisa , Muñoz-Arriola Francisco
Published: April 2024

Throughout history, the pursuit of diagnosing and predicting crop yields has evidenced genetics, environment, and management practices intertwined in achieving food security. However, the sensitivity of crop phenotypes and genetic responses to climate still hampers the identification of the underlying abilities of plants to adapt to climate change. We hypothesize that the PiAnosi and WagNer (PAWN) global sensitivity analysis (GSA) coupled with a genetic by environment (GxE) model built of environmental covariance and genetic markers structures, can evidence the contributions of climate on the predictability of maize yields in the U.S. and Ontario, Canada. The GSA-GxE framework estimates the relative contribution of climate variables to improving maize yield predictions. Using an enhanced version of the Genomes to Fields initiative database, the GSA-GxE framework shows that the spatially aggregated sensitivity of maize yield predictability is attributed to solar radiation, followed by temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity. In one-third of the individually assessed locations, rainfall was the primary responsible for maize yield predictability. Also, a consistent pattern of top sensitivities (Relative Humidity, Solar Radiation, and Temperature) as the main or the second most relevant drivers of maize yield predictability shed some light on the drivers of genetic improvement in response to climate change.
Harnessing Vaginal Probiotics for Enhanced Management of Uterine Disease and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Adnane Mounir , Whiston Ronan , Tasara Taurai , Bleul Ulrich , Chapwanya Aspinas
Published: April 2024

Uterine disease in cattle impairs reproductive performance and profitability and increases antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Thus, probiotics offer a promising alternative therapy. This review presents conceptual findings on the efficacy of probiotics in managing uterine diseases and fertility in cows. Probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. individually or as composite formulations are known to improve fertility. Strategic intravaginal administration of these formulations would likely enhance uterine immunity, particularly during the postpartum period. While current findings on the benefits to uterine health are encouraging, there is still significant knowledge missing, including a lack of empirical information from large-scale field trials. This review underscores the need for evidence-based guidelines for probiotics, such as genomic selection of formulations, targeted delivery, or potential synergy with other interventions. Future research should address these gaps to maximize the potential of probiotics in managing uterine diseases and enhancing the reproductive health of dairy cattle.
Effects of Heat Stress on the Laying Performance, Egg Quality, and Physiological Response of Laying Hens
Authors: Kim Hye-Ran , Ryu Chaehwa , Lee Sung-Dae , Cho Jin-Ho , Kang Hwanku
Published: April 2024

As high temperature and relative humidity (RH) are the main environmental factors causing heat stress, the temperature–humidity index (THI) serves as an indicator of heat stress in livestock animals. This study aimed to determine the effects of heat stress on the laying performance, physiological responses, egg quality, and blood profile of laying hens by subjecting them to environmental conditions with varying THI levels (68–85) for 28 days. The indicators of laying performance, such as feed intake (−30%) and egg production rate (−11%), significantly decreased in the hens exposed to severe heat stress (33 °C, 66% RH) compared to those exposed to thermoneutral conditions (21 °C, 68% RH). Moreover, severe heat stress reduced the egg yolk color, eggshell thickness and strength, and Haugh units of the eggs produced by the laying hens. Furthermore, a significant increase in serum K+ and a decrease in Na+ levels were observed in the hens subjected to severe heat stress compared with those under thermoneutral conditions. Our results indicate that heat stress alters the physiological responses and metabolism of laying hens, resulting in a lower egg quality and production rate.
Lotus Root Type Nickel Oxide-Carbon Nanofibers: A Hybrid Supercapacitor Electrode Material
Authors: Kim Juhyeong , Lee Junho , Ryu Hwajeong , Hwa Yoon , Pervez Aneel , Choi Taeyong , Nam Suyong , Son Yoonkook
Published: April 2024

In this study, we investigate the electrochemical properties of a nickel oxide-carbon (NiO/C) material, synthesized in the form of highly porous carbon nanofibers through the electrospinning of polymers such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polystyrene (PS) followed by a carbonization process. The primary focus of this work is to determine the optimal mixing ratio for the hybrid material composed of NiO and carbon. While it is widely acknowledged that supercapacitor materials benefit from having a high specific surface area, our findings reveal that hybrid carbon nanofibers with a 45% specific carbon-to-nickel oxide ratio exhibit significantly enhanced capacitance (39.9 F g−1). This outcome suggests the promising potential of our materials as an energy storage material for hybrid supercapacitors, combining the advantages of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC) and Pseudo capacitors (Pseudo).
SPCL: A Smart Access Control System That Supports Blockchain
Authors: Wu Jiaxing , Xue Nian , Li Zhen , Hong Xianbin , Zhao Yilin , Huang Xin , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2024

The access control system is a critical element in intelligent buildings. In this paper, we present SPCL, an innovative access control system designed to facilitate building entry through the use of mobile phones. Our system aims to provide a secure and convenient solution for building access, capitalizing on the widespread availability and capabilities of mobile devices. Additionally, we propose a lightweight authentication protocol to enhance security. The performance of the protocol is measured for different curves at different frequencies, proving that the protocol is more suitable for door lock systems than the benchmark protocol. In addition, we investigated the security and usability of SPCL. Finally, a comparison of the security of human-lock interfaces for smart locks and blockchain-based payment methods are discussed.
Classification of Parkinson’s Disease Using Machine Learning with MoCA Response Dynamics
Authors: Chudzik Artur , Przybyszewski Andrzej W.
Published: April 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, pose a significant challenge to global health, and early detection tools are crucial for effective intervention. The adaptation of online screening forms and machine learning methods can lead to better and wider diagnosis, potentially altering the progression of NDs. Therefore, this study examines the diagnostic efficiency of machine learning models using Montreal Cognitive Assessment test results (MoCA) to classify scores of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and healthy subjects. For data analysis, we implemented both rule-based modeling using rough set theory (RST) and classic machine learning (ML) techniques such as logistic regression, support vector machines, and random forests. Importantly, the diagnostic accuracy of the best performing model (RST) increased from 80.0% to 93.4% and diagnostic specificity increased from 57.2% to 93.4% when the MoCA score was combined with temporal metrics such as IRT—instrumental reaction time and TTS—submission time. This highlights that online platforms are able to detect subtle signs of bradykinesia (a hallmark symptom of Parkinson’s disease) and use this as a biomarker to provide more precise and specific diagnosis. Despite the constrained number of participants (15 Parkinson’s disease patients and 16 healthy controls), the results suggest that incorporating time-based metrics into cognitive screening algorithms may significantly improve their diagnostic capabilities. Therefore, these findings recommend the inclusion of temporal dynamics in MoCA assessments, which may potentially improve the early detection of NDs.
Design of Safety Evaluation and Risk Traceability System for Agricultural Product Quality
Authors: Li Chen , Lu Yinxu , Bian Yong , Tian Jie , Yuan Mu
Published: April 2024

The quality and safety of agricultural products involve a variety of risk factors, a large amount of risk information data, and multiple circulation and disposal processes, making it difficult to accurately trace the source of risks. To achieve precise traceability of agricultural product quality and safety, the monitoring and supervision level of agricultural product traceability systems needs to be improved. In this paper, the agricultural product quality- and safety-related detection data are taken as the research object, the agricultural product supply chain and business process are sorted out, the agricultural product risk factors under the influence of heavy metals are analyzed, and the agricultural product quality and safety risk evaluation model is established. The agricultural product risk traceability system was designed based on the six-layer architecture of the equipment layer, data layer, service layer, application layer, display layer, and user layer. Combined with the agricultural product quality and safety risk evaluation model, the system data were stored and modified by using the MySQL relational database, and the agricultural product risk traceability system was developed, which realized the accurate traceability of the risk link of the quality and safety of agricultural products. The research results of this paper provide an effective information means for the quality and safety supervision of agricultural products, and provide a technical reference for the development of a traceability system of risk factors related to agricultural products, which has good practical significance.
REACT: Relation Extraction Method Based on Entity Attention Network and Cascade Binary Tagging Framework
Authors: Kong Lingqi , Liu Shengquau
Published: April 2024

With the development of the Internet, vast amounts of text information are being generated constantly. Methods for extracting the valuable parts from this information have become an important research field. Relation extraction aims to identify entities and the relations between them from text, helping computers better understand textual information. Currently, the field of relation extraction faces various challenges, particularly in addressing the relation overlapping problem. The main difficulties are as follows: (1) Traditional methods of relation extraction have limitations and lack the ability to handle the relation overlapping problem, requiring a redesign. (2) Relation extraction models are easily disturbed by noise from words with weak relevance to the relation extraction task, leading to difficulties in correctly identifying entities and their relations. In this paper, we propose the Relation extraction method based on the Entity Attention network and Cascade binary Tagging framework (REACT). We decompose the relation extraction task into two subtasks: head entity identification and tail entity and relation identification. REACT first identifies the head entity and then identifies all possible tail entities that can be paired with the head entity, as well as all possible relations. With this architecture, the model can handle the relation overlapping problem. In order to reduce the interference of words in the text that are not related to the head entity or relation extraction task and improve the accuracy of identifying the tail entities and relations, we designed an entity attention network. To demonstrate the effectiveness of REACT, we construct a high-quality Chinese dataset and conduct a large number of experiments on this dataset. The experimental results fully confirm the effectiveness of REACT, showing its significant advantages in handling the relation overlapping problem compared to current other methods.
Efficient Method for Identifying Key Errors Based on 21-Geometric-Error Measurement of Three Linear Axes of Machine Tools
Authors: Zheng Fajia , Zhang Bin , Zhao Yuqiong , Li Jiakun , Long Fei , Feng Qibo
Published: April 2024

Key errors of machine tools have a significant impact on their accuracy, however accurately and quickly measuring the geometric errors of machine tools is essential for key error identification. Fortunately, a quick and direct laser measurement method and system for 21 geometric errors of three linear axes of machine tools were proposed previously, which enables the measurement of all 21 geometric errors via a one-step installation and a three-step automated measurement process. Based on this, to efficiently identify the key error factors, this paper first utilizes the 21 geometric errors obtained from the proposed measurement system to evaluate the contribution of each error to the volumetric errors of machine tools, leading to the building of a 21-geometric-error sensitivity analysis model. Then, experiments are carried out on the vertical machining tool TH5656, and all 21 geometric errors are obtained in 5 min. After this, the volumetric error distribution in the machining workspace is mapped according to the relationship between the geometric errors and the machining errors, and the key error factors affecting the manufacturing and machining accuracy of the TH5656 are ultimately determined. Thus, this new method provides a way to quickly identify key errors of the three linear axes of machine tools, and offers guidance for the machine tool configuration design, machining technology determination, and geometric error compensation.
Exploring the Hidden World of Lighting Flicker with a High-Speed Camera
Authors: Elvidge Christopher D. , Zhizhin Mikhail , Pipkin Ashley , Anderson Sharolyn , Kowalik William S. , Bazilian Morgan
Published: April 2024

Alternating current can result in flickering—or pulsing—in the brightness of light emitted by luminaires. Lighting flicker typically occurs in the range of 100 to 140 cycles per second (Hz), which is too fast for visual perception by most organisms. However, evidence indicates that many organisms perceive flicker with non-visual photoreceptors present on the retinas. Exposure to flickering lights at night disrupts the circadian rhythm of organisms, leading to symptoms similar to blue light exposure at night. The traditional method for detecting flickering is with a flickermeter held near a single light. In this paper, we explore the use of high-speed camera data in the collection of temporal profiles for groups of luminaires simultaneously at distances ranging from several meters to several kilometers. Temporal profiles are extracted for individual lighting features and the full scene. The identification of luminaire types is based on their spectral signatures. With the camera data, it is possible to identify flickering and non-flickering lights, to determine the flicker frequency, to calculate percent flicker and the flicker index, and to identify groups of lights whose flickers are synchronized. Both flickering and non-flickering luminaires can be found for LED, metal halide, fluorescent, and compact fluorescent lights. To date, flickering has been detected in all of the incandescent, high-pressure sodium, and low-pressure sodium luminaires that we measured. We found that flicker synchronization is often present for lights installed within a single facility and also for strings of streetlights. We also found that flicker exposure can come from the light reflected off of the earth’s surface. Luminaires designed to illuminate large areas often saturate high-speed camera data collection. This saturation can be reduced or eliminated using neutral density filters on the camera. Published experimental data on the impacts of flicker on organisms remains sparse. Many studies have drawn inferences on the impacts of spectral and lighting brightness on organisms without controlling for flicker. Our conclusion is that lighting flicker is a type of light pollution. The use of high-speed camera data makes it easier to include flicker as a variable in studies regarding the impacts of lighting on organisms.
Robotic Disassembly Platform for Disassembly of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery: A Case Study
Authors: Qu Mo , Pham D. T. , Altumi Faraj , Gbadebo Adeyemisi , Hartono Natalia , Jiang Kaiwen , Kerin Mairi , Lan Feiying , Micheli Marcel , Xu Shuihao , Wang Yongjing
Published: April 2024

Efficient processing of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles is an important and pressing challenge in a circular economy. Regardless of whether the processing strategy is recycling, repurposing, or remanufacturing, the first processing step will usually involve disassembly. As battery disassembly is a dangerous task, efforts have been made to robotise it. In this paper, a robotic disassembly platform using four industrial robots is proposed to automate the non-destructive disassembly of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery pack into modules. This work was conducted as a case study to demonstrate the concept of the autonomous disassembly of an electric vehicle battery pack. A two-step object localisation method based on visual information is used to overcome positional uncertainties from different sources and is validated by experiments. Also, the unscrewing system is highlighted, and its functions, such as handling untightened fasteners, loosening jammed screws, and changing the nutrunner adapters with square drives, are detailed. Furthermore, the time required for each operation is compared with that taken by human operators. Finally, the limitations of the platform are reported, and future research directions are suggested.
Bioengineered Organoids Offer New Possibilities for Liver Cancer Studies: A Review of Key Milestones and Challenges
Authors: Jabri Abdullah , Khan Jibran , Taftafa Bader , Alsharif Mohamed , Mhannayeh Abdulaziz , Chinnappan Raja , Alzhrani Alaa , Kazmi Shadab , Mir Mohammad Shabab , Alsaud Aljohara Waleed , Yaqinuddin Ahmed , Assiri Abdullah M. , AlKattan Khaled , Vashist Yogesh K. , Broering Dieter C. , Mir Tanveer Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Hepatic cancer is widely regarded as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in treatment options, the prognosis of liver cancer remains poor. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more representative in vitro models of liver cancer for pathophysiology and drug screening studies. Fortunately, an exciting new development for generating liver models in recent years has been the advent of organoid technology. Organoid models hold huge potential as an in vitro research tool because they can recapitulate the spatial architecture of primary liver cancers and maintain the molecular and functional variations of the native tissue counterparts during long-term culture in vitro. This review provides a comprehensive overview and discussion of the establishment and application of liver organoid models in vitro. Bioengineering strategies used to construct organoid models are also discussed. In addition, the clinical potential and other relevant applications of liver organoid models in different functional states are explored. In the end, this review discusses current limitations and future prospects to encourage further development.
Attention-ProNet: A Prototype Network with Hybrid Attention Mechanisms Applied to Zero Calibration in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation-Based Brain–Computer Interface
Authors: Zhang Baiwen , Xu Meng , Zhang Yueqi , Ye Sicheng , Chen Yuanfang
Published: April 2024

The rapid serial visual presentation-based brain–computer interface (RSVP-BCI) system achieves the recognition of target images by extracting event-related potential (ERP) features from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and then building target classification models. Currently, how to reduce the training and calibration time for classification models across different subjects is a crucial issue in the practical application of RSVP. To address this issue, a zero-calibration (ZC) method termed Attention-ProNet, which involves meta-learning with a prototype network integrating multiple attention mechanisms, was proposed in this study. In particular, multiscale attention mechanisms were used for efficient EEG feature extraction. Furthermore, a hybrid attention mechanism was introduced to enhance model generalization, and attempts were made to incorporate suitable data augmentation and channel selection methods to develop an innovative and high-performance ZC RSVP-BCI decoding model algorithm. The experimental results demonstrated that our method achieved a balance accuracy (BA) of 86.33% in the decoding task for new subjects. Moreover, appropriate channel selection and data augmentation methods further enhanced the performance of the network by affording an additional 2.3% increase in BA. The model generated by the meta-learning prototype network Attention-ProNet, which incorporates multiple attention mechanisms, allows for the efficient and accurate decoding of new subjects without the need for recalibration or retraining.
Testosterone Reduces Myelin Abnormalities in the Wobbler Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Esperante Ivan J. , Meyer Maria , Banzan Carolina , Kruse Maria Sol , Lima Analia , Roig Paulina , Guennoun Rachida , Schumacher Michael , De Nicola Alejandro F. , Gonzalez Deniselle Maria Claudia
Published: April 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motoneuron degenerative disease that is associated with demyelination. The Wobbler (WR) mouse exhibits motoneuron degeneration, gliosis and myelin deterioration in the cervical spinal cord. Since male WRs display low testosterone (T) levels in the nervous system, we investigated if T modified myelin-relative parameters in WRs in the absence or presence of the aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole (A). We studied myelin by using luxol-fast-blue (LFB) staining, semithin sections, electron microscopy and myelin protein expression, density of IBA1+ microglia and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, and the glutamatergic parameters glutamine synthetase (GS) and the transporter GLT1. Controls and WR + T showed higher LFB, MBP and PLP staining, lower g-ratios and compact myelin than WRs and WR + T + A, and groups showing the rupture of myelin lamellae. WRs showed increased IBA1+ cells and mRNA for CD11b and inflammatory factors (IL-18, TLR4, TNFαR1 and P2Y12R) vs. controls or WR + T. IBA1+ cells, and CD11b were not reduced in WR + T + A, but inflammatory factors’ mRNA remained low. A reduction of GS+ cells and GLT-1 immunoreactivity was observed in WRs and WR + T + A vs. controls and WR + T. Clinically, WR + T but not WR + T + A showed enhanced muscle mass, grip strength and reduced paw abnormalities. Therefore, T effects involve myelin protection, a finding of potential clinical translation.
Wheelchair Badminton: A Narrative Review of Its Specificities
Authors: Alberca Ilona , Watier Bruno , Chénier Félix , Brassart Florian , Faupin Arnaud
Published: April 2024

This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the scientific literature on wheelchair badminton and its distinctive aspects, encompassing abilities and disabilities, propulsion technique, and the use of a racket. The relatively young history of wheelchair badminton is reflected in the scarcity of scientific studies within this domain, highlighting the need for further investigation. The review systematically covers existing articles on wheelchair badminton, offering a nearly exhaustive compilation of knowledge in this area. Findings suggest that athletes with abdominal capacities engage in more intense matches with a higher frequency of offensive shots compared to athletes with little or no abdominal capacities. Moreover, backward propulsion induces higher cardiorespiratory responses, overall intensity of effort, physiological stress, metabolic load, and rating of perceived exertion, particularly at high imposed rolling resistance or speeds, and makes it difficult to generate sufficient forces on the handrim, requiring adjustments in the kinematics of propulsion techniques, particularly at high rolling resistances or speeds, potentially leading to performance decrements. The use of a badminton racket further increases generated forces while decreasing the efficiency of propulsion and modifying the propulsion technique with shorter and quicker pushes, potentially impacting performance. Further research is imperative to explore additional perspectives, address existing gaps, and expand the scope of study within the wheelchair badminton domain. This narrative review serves as a foundation for future investigations, emphasizing the necessity of continued research to enhance our understanding of wheelchair badminton.
Interplay between Senescence and Macrophages in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Review of the Potential Role of GDF-15 and Klotho
Authors: Almohaimeed Ghada , Alonazi Asma , Bin Dayel Anfal , Alshammari Tahani , Alghibiwi Hanan , Alamin Maha , Almotairi Ahmad , Alrasheed Nouf
Published: April 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a critical health problem, with 700 million diagnoses expected worldwide by 2045. Uncontrolled high blood glucose levels can lead to serious complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Diabetes induces cardiovascular aging and inflammation, increasing cardiomyopathy risk. DCM is characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in the heart. Growing evidence suggests that cellular senescence and macrophage-mediated inflammation participate in the pathogenesis and progression of DCM. Evidence indicates that growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a protein that belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, is associated with age-related diseases and exerts an anti-inflammatory role in various disease models. Although further evidence suggests that GDF-15 can preserve Klotho, a transmembrane antiaging protein, emerging research has elucidated the potential involvement of GDF-15 and Klotho in the interplay between macrophages-induced inflammation and cellular senescence in the context of DCM. This review explores the intricate relationship between senescence and macrophages in DCM while highlighting the possible contributions of GDF-15 and Klotho.
The Fibromyalgia Pain Experience: A Scoping Review of the Preclinical Evidence for Replication and Treatment of the Affective and Cognitive Pain Dimensions
Authors: Argenbright Cassie M. , Bertlesman Alysia M. , Russell Izabella M. , Greer Tracy L. , Peng Yuan B. , Fuchs Perry N.
Published: April 2024

Fibromyalgia is a chronic, widespread pain disorder that is strongly represented across the affective and cognitive dimensions of pain, given that the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder is yet to be identified. These affective and cognitive deficits are crucial to understanding and treating the fibromyalgia pain experience as a whole but replicating this multidimensionality on a preclinical level is challenging. To understand the underlying mechanisms, animal models are used. In this scoping review, we evaluate the current primary animal models of fibromyalgia regarding their translational relevance within the affective and cognitive pain realms, as well as summarize treatments that have been identified preclinically for attenuating these deficits.
Generation and Characteristics of Construction Noise in Rail Transit Engineering Enclosure Structures
Authors: Wu Huanyu , Zhang Wei , Liu Zongbin , Bai Xuhui , Huang Junwei , Huang Jun , Wu Zezhou
Published: April 2024

Rail transit is an important part of the urban transportation system, while the noise generated during construction seriously affects the engineering personnel and surrounding residents. To investigate the noise emissions and characteristics during the construction of the enclosure structures in the rail transit engineering project, an empirical study is conducted through on-site surveys, semi-structured interviews, and experimental monitoring. The results indicate that during enclosure structure construction, there are nine key noise-emitting machines and four key noise-generating construction processes. Among them, the equivalent average sound levels of six machines, including pneumatic hammers, pneumatic drills, concrete pump trucks, construction drills, rotary drilling rigs, and grooving machines, exceed 80 dB(A). The energy contribution rate curves of machine spectra peak at 63 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 4000 Hz, which have certain effects on construction personnel and nearby residents. Meanwhile, guide wall construction, groove construction, reinforcement cage fabrication and hoisting, and concrete pouring are identified as key noise-generating construction processes. This empirical investigation helps to establish a theoretical basis for noise control during the construction of enclosure structures in urban rail transit engineering projects, and the results provide valuable references for the formulation of auxiliary noise reduction measures.
Seismic Response of Vertical Hybrid Concrete/Steel Frames Considering Soil–Structure Interaction
Authors: Katsimpini Panagiota S.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the seismic behavior of concrete/steel mixed structures. In engineering praxis, many buildings consist of two parts: one made of reinforced concrete and the other made of steel. There are several difficulties in the code-based seismic design of these structures due to the different dynamic responses of each discrete part. Seismic design codes, such as the IBC and Eurocode 8, do not provide instructions for structures consisting of two parts. In addition, they use a single-loading scenario, but there are many locations that are affected by more than one earthquake in a short period. Another drawback is that recent provisions do not consider soil–structure interaction effects. The specific issue addressed here is the seismic response of mixed structures, which is evaluated through inelastic time–history analysis. More specifically, the response indices involve height-wise distributions for peak interstory drift ratios, maximum floor horizontal displacements, maximum floor accelerations, and plastic hinge formations in the frame elements when they are subjected to seismic sequences of earthquakes, as well as in far fault ground motions for different soil types. The results reveal that sequential ground motions lead to increased displacement demands, and they affect the permanent displacements. This phenomenon appears in both cases of stiff and flexible soil, as well as for both regular and irregular frames. It is found that soil–structure interaction generally leads to lower values of IDR, and maximum horizontal displacement and acceleration in comparison with the case of rigid soil assumptions.
Shear Test of Corrugated Web Girders with Concrete-Filled Compression Tubular Flanges Used in Buildings
Authors: Deng Hao , Peng Hong-Bin , Chang Wei
Published: April 2024

Corrugated web girders with plate flanges have been widely applied in buildings and bridges due to the large shear capacity of the corrugated web (CW). However, experiments on corrugated web girders with tubular flanges are limited. Accordingly, this paper explores, through four full-scale small-size experimental tests used on buildings, the shear behavior of a type of girder formed with a CW, concrete-filled tubular flange, and bottom flat plate flange (CWGCFTF) with different CW thicknesses, wavelengths, and concrete strengths. Based on the imprecise results of one current test, a novel simple support device is proposed to improve the accuracy of the shear test of the CWGCFTF. The test results also show that the shear ratios of the tubular flange to the entire cross-section range from 15–18% when the loading reaches that of the corresponding shear stress to 80% of the shear yield strength of the CWs. Moreover, local buckling appears at the top surface of the steel tube with the CW shear buckling failure of the CWGCFTF under the shear tests. At the end, a theoretical equation of the shear ratio of the CW to the whole cross-section is derived, and a shear yield strength equation of the CWGCFTF is proposed and verified by comparisons with the test results.
The Design of a Wellbeing Center with an Advanced Parametric Roof in Jabel Hafeet Mountain Located in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Alsuwaidi Marwa , Almahri Noura , Alazeezi Latifa , Alkhzaimi Taif , Bande Lindita , Ahmad Anwar , Khatib Omar Al , Fikry Fayez , Ki Kim Young
Published: April 2024

Building construction in the UAE is a growing industry. While Abu Dhabi and Dubai have a majority of mid-rise and high-rise buildings, AL Ain has mostly low-rise and mid-rise buildings. Additionally, the construction industry in Al Ain has seen an increase in the recent years. The aim of this study is to design a wellness center with a parametric roof in the challenging topography of Jebel Hafeet Mountain in AL Ain. The building must be socially and environmentally sustainable and must align with the local culture. The methodology used includes the following steps: performing an analysis of the selected site and climate; building the design on challenging topography; creating a parametric roof design; conducting an energy and radiation analysis. Wellness is the act of practicing healthy habits to attain better physical and mental health outcomes. The center will be for females only to provide privacy and to achieve social sustainability (based on the local culture). It will be in Al Ain (Jabel Hafeet Mountain) because unlike the other cities in the UAE, Al Ain does not contain any wellness centers. The design of the parametric roof aims to adapt to the mountain and decrease solar radiation on the roof. Both of the above aim to bring innovation to the city, country, and region for the purpose of building a sustainable design that is adapted to the local culture and environment. The results show a significant energy and solar radiation after the use of such structure. These findings are relevant to local authorities and the private construction industry.
A Study of Preload Detection Technology in Suspension Bridge Cable Clamp Bolts Based on the Pull-Out Method
Authors: Mu Fengrui , Zhu Gui , Zhou Yongjun , Ma Zhongguo John , Jing Yuan , Zhao Yu
Published: April 2024

The pull-out method is a simple and effective method for detecting the preload of suspension bridge cable clamp bolts. However, research on the pull-out method is currently limited. The force principles governing the bolt during the pulling process are unclear, and the relationship between tension force and the desired preload remains uncertain. This paper aims to explore the force principles of bolts during the pull-out method detection process through a combined approach of theoretical analysis, full-scale test, and finite element simulation. The results indicate that the bolt preload increases during the pulling process. The preload detected by the pull-out method is not the initial preload of the bolt, but rather it exceeds the initial preload. The force relationships among various components are determined as follows: the preload subtracts the change value of the force exerted by the nut at the tension end, which equals the change value of tension force. Additionally, an analysis of the impact of the length of the bolt clamping section and the bolt area on the preload was conducted. Under the same bolt area, a shorter clamping section length corresponds to a greater increase in preload. With the same clamping section length, the increment of preload increases with the bolt area. These findings can serve as references for detecting and specifying the preload of the bolts.
Leveraging Programmatic Collaboration for a Radiopharmaceutical Clinic
Authors: Kunos Charles A. , Martin Molly E. , Georgiou Michalis F. , Kuker Russ A. , Chauhan Aman
Published: April 2024

Radiation oncologists, radiopharmacists, nuclear medicine physicians, and medical oncologists have seen a renewed clinical interest in radiopharmaceuticals for the curative or the palliative treatment of cancer. To allow for the discovery and the clinical advancement of targeted radiopharmaceuticals, these stakeholders have reformed their trial efforts and remodeled their facilities to accommodate the obligations of a program centered upon radioactive investigational drug products. Now considered informally as drugs and not beam radiotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals can be more easily studied in the traditional clinical trial enterprise ranging from phase 0–I to phase III studies. Resources and physical facilities allocated to radiopharmaceuticals have brought forth new logistics and patient experience for safe and satisfactory drug delivery. The clinical use of theranostic agents—that is, diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclide pairs—has accelerated radiopharmaceutical development.
Inhibition of Carbohydrate Metabolism Potentiated by the Therapeutic Effects of Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitors in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Guo Lichao , Zhang Baochen , Zhang Wen , Xie Yanqi , Chen Xi , Sun Xueke , Watt David S. , Liu Chunming , Spielmann H. Peter , Liu Xifu
Published: April 2024

Cancer cells undergo a significant level of “metabolic reprogramming” or “remodeling” to ensure an adequate supply of ATP and “building blocks” for cell survival and to facilitate accelerated proliferation. Cancer cells preferentially use glycolysis for ATP production (the Warburg effect); however, cancer cells, including colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, also depend on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for ATP production, a finding that suggests that both glycolysis and OXPHOS play significant roles in facilitating cancer progression and proliferation. Our prior studies identified a semisynthetic isoflavonoid, DBI-1, that served as an AMPK activator targeting mitochondrial complex I. Furthermore, DBI-1 and a glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor, BAY-876, synergistically inhibited CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We now report a study of the structure–activity relationships (SARs) in the isoflavonoid family in which we identified a new DBI-1 analog, namely, DBI-2, with promising properties. Here, we aimed to explore the antitumor mechanisms of DBIs and to develop new combination strategies by targeting both glycolysis and OXPHOS. We identified DBI-2 as a novel AMPK activator using an AMPK phosphorylation assay as a readout. DBI-2 inhibited mitochondrial complex I in the Seahorse assays. We performed proliferation and Western blotting assays and conducted studies of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy to corroborate the synergistic effects of DBI-2 and BAY-876 on CRC cells in vitro. We hypothesized that restricting the carbohydrate uptake with a KD would mimic the effects of GLUT1 inhibitors, and we found that a ketogenic diet significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of DBI-2 in CRC xenograft mouse models, an outcome that suggested a potentially new approach for combination cancer therapy.