bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Literatur Pengaruh Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Kejadian Astenopia Mata pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Brilianti Natasya Nurvita , Wahyuni Indri , Loebis Rozalina
Published: December 2024

Penggunaan gadget di kalangan mahasiswa pada zaman modern telah menjadi suatu keharusan dimana seluruh individu mahasiswa dipastikan menggunakan smartphone atau laptop. Hanya saja, penggunaan gadget yang tidak tepat memiliki resiko pada peningkatan gangguan kesehatan mata seperti astenopia. Oleh karena itu, peneliti bermaksud melakukan studi literatur mengenai pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap astenopia mata mahasiswa. Penelitian ini tergolong pada penelitian kualitatif dengan studi literatur yang mengkaji sumber materi dari artikel ilmiah yang dianggap relevan dan dikumpulkan dari berbagai database baik Google Scholar maupun Garuda dengan menuliskan kata kunci yang berkaitan dengan penelitian yaitu penggunaan gadget, astenopia, kelelahan mata, dan mahasiswa. Hasil studi literatur menemukan 18 artikel mengenai pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap kejadian astenopia pada mahasiswa, serta 14 artikel yang mengonfirmasi bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan gadget terhadap kejadian astenopia di kalangan mahasiswa. Kemudian, studi literatur ini juga mengonfirmasi bahwa terdapat berbagai faktor yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan gadget yaitu faktor durasi penggunaan gadget, jarak penggunaan gadget, posisi penggunaan gadget, serta jenis gadget. Adapun terdapat berbagai bentuk keluhan astenopia yang ditemukan pada artikel-artikel penelitian terdahulu yang termasuk pada kategori astenopia sedang hingga astenopia berat.
Spread of dangerous walnut diseases in plantations of different ages in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Skoreiko A. , Andriychuk T.
Published: December 2024

Goal. To investigate the development of the phytopathogenic complex of walnut in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. The research was carried out during 2021—2022 in the agrocenosis of the walnut garden of the Ukrainian Research Plant Quarantine Station of the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Sciences. For a detailed account of the disease, twenty trees were examined from four sides of the crown and 25 accounting organs (leaves, shoots, fruits) were analyzed and the intensity of their damage was determined according to the scale. Diagnosis of diseases was carried out by selecting affected tissues and placing them in a moist chamber for three days for subsequent identification of the type of pathogen by microscopy and determination of systematically important morphological features of the fungus. Isolation of fungi from living plants was carried out by transferring mycelia or spores from their surface to a new environment.
Results. A laboratory study of plant material with various symptoms of damage showed the dominance of phytopathogenic fungi: brown spotting Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn., white spotting Microstroma juglandis Sacc. and bacteriosis Xanthomonas juglandis Sacc. When surveying old tree plantations (more than 40 years old), the frequency of brown spotting of walnut Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn. accounted for 68.7%, bacterial burn (Xanthomonas juglandis Sacc.) — 31.3%. In stands of 6-year-old trees, the frequency of brown spotting Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn. was 72.5% and bacterial burn Xanthomonas juglandis Sacc. — 27.5%. When inspecting the plantations in the nursery (trees 2—3 years old), the frequency of brown spotting of the walnut Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn. accounted for 80.3% of bacterial burn Xanthomonas juglandis Sacc. — 12.1%, white spot Microstroma juglandis Sacc. — 7.6%.
Conclusions. During the examination of walnut plantations (in trees of different ages), it was found that the high incidence of diseases, in particular, brown spotting Marssonina juglandis (Lieh.) Magn. was noted in nurseries, where on the day of the last record on susceptible forms of culture, damage by brown spot was 100.0%, while the development of the disease was 47.7%.
The use of ecologically safe means in the protection against sucking phytophages in the ampelocenoses of the Northern Black Sea region
Authors: Baranets L. , Balan G. , Mezernyuk T. , Perepelitsa O.
Published: December 2024

Goal. To provide data on insecticides for protection of grapes from thrips and Japanese grape cicada and their influence on the number of entomophages, which is an important element for the organization of effective and environmentally friendly technology of grape growing.
Methods. Combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in plant protection — entomology and biomethod. The use of generally accepted methods of analysis (hypothesis, experiment, induction and synthesis) provides sufficient information on the control of grape thrips and Japanese grape cicada under the conditions of using environmentally friendly means of protection, which is one of the main elements of modern technologies for optimizing agroecosystems and obtaining environmentally friendly products. The phytosanitary method of route surveys involves the identification of entomophages and the establishment of dominant species and prevalence of grape thrips and Japanese grape cicada among them. The field method ensures the study of the effectiveness of the elements of the integrated grape crop protection system. The laboratory method involved the identification of species diversity of beneficial fauna. The statistical method was used to calculate the data obtained, determine their accuracy and reliability.
Results. The database was updated with environmentally safe products, and regulations for their use were established, which are focused not so much on pest control as on the overall optimization of the phytosanitary condition of plantations, obtaining environmentally friendly products and preserving beneficial fauna. Under natural conditions, without pesticide pressure, the number of predators in a multicomponent entomocomplex is many times higher than in traditional agrocenoses.
Conclusions. The composition of preparations with a given direction of minimizing damage to beneficial fauna and, accordingly, the environment was formed. The results obtained and the conclusions formulated on their basis are of practical importance in terms of the prospects for the production of environmentally friendly products by applying environmentally friendly and effective methods of controlling the number of sucking pests and preserving the natural agrobiocenosis.
Control of potato wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum) by fungicide soil treatments
Authors: Çakir E. , Demirci F.
Published: December 2024

Synchytrium endobioticum is the causative agent of potato wart disease and can remain in the soil for several years via its sporangia. Effective protection against this disease includes quarantine and the use of disease-resistant potato varieties. However, so far it has not been eradicated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fungicides for soil treatment to protect against potato wart. Experiments were conducted with propamocarb hydrochloride 722 SC g/l, metalaxyl M + fludioxonil 10 + 25 g/l, gimexazole 360 g/l, tolklofos methyl + thiram 30 + 30%, dimethomorph + cuproxy chloride 6 + 40WP, famoxadone + cymoxanil 22.5 + 30%, Mandipropamide + Mancoceb 5 + 60%, Zoxamide + Mancoceb 8.3 + 66.7% in the growth chamber and field conditions — showed that Famoxadone + Cimoxanil 22.5 + 30% is able to protect against the disease by 100% in both experimental conditions.
Estimation of kairomone substances on the behavior of entomophages Trichogramma evanescens Westw. and Bracon hebetor Say.
Authors: Nastas T. , Gavrilita L. , Glibiciuc C.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the given paper was to estimate the effectiveness of biologically active substances with kairomone properties on the behavior of the entomophagy’s Trichogramma evanescens and Bracon hebetor in the vision of increasing the parasitism potential of different ontogenetic stages of pest development. Biologically active substances with kairomone properties were obtained and tested for increasing the biological indices of the entomophagy’s Trichogramma evanescens and Bracon hebetor. The alcohol-based extract and eggs of the laboratory host Sitotroga cerealella — as a source with kairomone properties for the entomophagy Trichogramma evanescens, and the alcohol-based extract from the larvae and excrement of the laboratory host Galleria melonella — as a source with kairomone properties for the entomophagy were used Bracon hebetor. It was found that due to the influence of kairomone substances, the female entomophagy’s Trichogramma evanescens and Bracon hebetor become more active in searching for eggs and larvae for parasitism, compared to the control variant. It has been demonstrated that biologically active substances, emitted by pest species for the purpose of communication between individuals of the same species, can also be used as kairomone substances by different species of entomophagy’s. The given factor can be further developed with the aim of application in plant protection as a means of activating and increasing the effectiveness of both released and natural entomophagy’s.
Plant health progress for boosting food security
Authors: Volosciuc L.
Published: December 2024

Starting from increasing the impact of phytosanitary agents and deepening the ecological problems caused by their combat, it becomes rational to change the paradigm of the protection of plants with their health. The purpose of the paper is to highlight and establish the role of the main factors that are the basis of plant health and how they determine the phytosanitary status of agroecosystems and the degree of food security. Research methods and methodology are oriented to the identification and determination of the biological peculiarities of agents, as well as the biological, ecological and economic analysis of protection means of agricultural crops. As effective measures in promoting plant health, it is proposed to apply the link between soil, plant and human health, the role and place of GMOs in solving phytosanitary problems, the perspectives of genome editing, the expansion of the implementation of regenerative agriculture. In order to overcome this problem, the paper contains information on the possibilities of application of synergic phenomena in plant protection, the interaction between which provides a significant increase in performance indicators and stability of the system state. The article describes the role and place of several factors: link between soil, plant and human health, the role and place of GMOs in addressing phytosanitary issues, prospects for genome editing, activities to extend the implementation of regenerative agriculture, synergic phenomena as direction to increase the effectiveness of plant protection means and other phenomena that determine food security and food safety, the achievements of the institute in the direction of the development and implementation of biological means of plant protection, especially biological preparations.
The Risk Factors Contributing to The Occurrence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in The Small Island of South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Susilawaty Andi , Basri Syahrul , Haerana Bs Titi , La Ane Ruslan , Mappau Zrimurti , Ikhtiar Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Background:Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has emerged as the leading cause of death among infectious diseases globally. This is attributed to a complex interaction of factors, including host-related risk factors, infecting agents, and environmental conditions. The Southeast Asia and West Pacific regions account for 58% of all tuberculosis cases, with Indonesia reporting the second highest prevalence of tuberculosis globally (10%), following India, which accounts for 23% of global cases.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis on small islands in South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Methods:This research employed a case-control study design. Several explanatory variables were considered: age, gender, knowledge, nutritional status, occupant density, ventilation area, humidity levels, and type of flooring. The occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis was designated as the dependent variable. The study sample consisted of 240 respondents, with 120 cases and 120 controls, all residing on three small islands—Sembilan Island, Balang Lompo Island, and Salemo Island—all sharing similar characteristics.

Results:The study identified several factors associated with an increased risk of pulmonary tuberculosis. These factors included gender (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 0.61-4.77), knowledge (OR = 3.143, 95% CI 1.06-9.26), occupant density (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 0.42-5.47), area of ventilation (OR = 6.00, 95% CI 1.17-30.72), humidity (OR = 3.763, 95% CI 1.03-13.64), and type of floor (OR = 1.144, 95% CI 0.41-3.16). In contrast, age and nutritional status were not identified as risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis.

Conclusion:Environmental factors such as occupant density, area of ventilation, humidity, and type of floor were found to be significant risk factors for the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in small islands of South Sulawesi. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions addressing these modifiable environmental conditions to reduce the burden of tuberculosis.

Keywords:risk factors; incidence; pulmonary tuberculosis; nutritional status; environmental factors; Indonesia
Detection of rodent-borne intestinal helminths infestation in North Sumatra, Indonesia: A potential public health concern
Authors: Hutagalung Sunna Vyatra , Mardiani Tengku Helvi , Albar Marina Yusnita , Kurniawan Ahadi , Sinaga Ledy Afrida , Nasution Hidayatullah , Hasibuan Panusunan , Wardhana April Hari
Published: December 2024

Background:Studies indicate that approximately 75% of emerging infections in humans are zoonotic, originating from animals. Within the One Health framework, it is evident that recent global environmental changes have contributed to the widespread proliferation of rodents, increasing their interaction with human dwellings and subsequently elevating the risk of rodent-borne diseases. Rodents play a crucial role in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens, including various intestinal helminths such as the cestodes Hymenolepis nanaand Hymenolepis diminuta.
Objective:The objective of this study was to identify zoonotic intestinal helminths present in the rodent population of North Sumatra.
Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized purposive sampling and was conducted in three regencies of North Sumatra: Serdang Bedagai, Batu Bara, and Asahan. Rodents were captured using baited traps placed both inside and outside residential areas. Following species identification, the rodents were euthanized, and their intestines were dissected. The intestinal contents were macroscopically examined for the presence of adult helminths, then processed using the formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT) and microscopically analyzed for helminths and their eggs.
Results:A total of 47 rodents were captured, with Rattus tanezumibeing the most prevalent species (59.6%), followed by Rattus norvegicus(29.8%) and Rattus tiomanicus(4.3%). Other species identified included Rattus argentiventer, Rattus exulans, and Mus musculus, each constituting 2.1% of the total sample. Seven species of intestinal helminths were detected in 37 of the rodents (78.8%), with most animals having co-infections involving multiple helminth species. Notably, Mus musculusshowed no evidence of infection, whereas the remaining rodent species exhibited a high transmission rate of intestinal helminths, ranging from 71.4% to 100%. The helminths identified were Nippostrongylus brasiliensis(61.7%), Moniliformis moniliformis(36.2%), Heligmosomoides polygyrus(27.7%), and the cestode Hymenolepis nana(8.5%). Additionally, Ascarids, Trichuris spp., and Hymenolepis diminutawere also detected, each with a prevalence of 4.3%.
Conclusion:This study identified seven species of intestinal helminths in rodents captured in selected areas of North Sumatra, predominantly from Rattus tanezumiand Rattus norvegicus. Some of the identified helminths, such as Hymenolepis nanaand Hymenolepis diminuta, are known zoonotic pathogens, highlighting the public health risks associated with rodent-borne diseases.
 Keywords:one health; zoonosis; rodents; infestation; helminths
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL BANKS DURING AND POST PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA
Authors: Masunah Durrotul , Listiyowati Listiyowati , Ambardi Prio
Published: December 2024

Financing income at Islamic Banks during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia decreased by 0.6%. It is due to consumer demand for restructuring. The net acquisition of Islamic returns also decreased significantly from 7.41% to 6.12% due to the pandemic. This research aims to determine whether there is a difference in the Financial Performance of Islamic Commercial Banks during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is quantitative with the object of research at Islamic Commercial Banks. The researchers took samples through the purposive sampling method. The researchers also used descriptive statistical analysis and hypothesis testing using the paired sample t-test. In the test, the researchers used SPSS 25. The research results indicate that there is no significant difference in the financial performance of Islamic Commercial Banks during and after the Covid-19 pandemic with a calculated t value < t table of 0.320 < 2.265 with a significance of 0.756 > 0.05 in the liquidity ratio, with a calculated t value < t table of -0.574 < 2.265 with a significance of 0.580 > 0.05 in the profitability ratio, with a calculated t value < t table of 0.524 < 2.265 with a significance of 0.613 > 0.05 in the solvency ratio, with a calculated t value < t table of 1.410 < 2.265 with a significance of 0.192 > 0.05 in the business efficiency ratio, with a calculated t value < t table of 1.444 < 2.265 with a significance of 0.183 > 0.05 on leverage ratio.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CRITERIA OF ‘IBADURRAHMAN TAFSIR IBN KATSIR AND TAFSIR AL-MISBAH
Authors: Al Ghoni Burhanudin , Azizah Alfiyatul , Nurrohim Ahmad , Dahliana Yeti , Nirwana Andi
Published: December 2024

'Ibadurrahman is an Arabic term that consists of two words: Ibad and Rahman. This term has been discussed in the tafsir of Ibn Kathir and Tafsir Al-Misbah according to their interpretation patterns. Tafsir Ibn Kathir and Tafsir Al-Misbah have different approaches to interpreting the Qur'an. Tafsir Ibn Katsir is known for its textual and historical approach, while Tafsir Al-Misbah uses a contextual and sociological approach. Comparing these two interpretations provides a broader and deeper insight into the criteria of 'Ibadurrahman. This research was carried out to address this problem. Using the comparative method, it is concluded that, as a whole, these two interpretations provide a comprehensive and complementary view of the criteria of 'Ibadurrahman, with different approaches but equally enriching understanding of Islamic teachings. The term ibadurrahman in the Qur'an refers to the character of humility (Tawadhu'), not arrogant, authoritative, gentle and always dhikr, which must be built with sincerity. Thus fostering urgency in life to achieve a noble position in the sight of Allah. The position of a servant on the side of Allah has a high position until Allah SWT praises their position as equal to the prophets and auliyya' then Allah relies on the attributes inherent in them in His great verse so that they are glorified with their position.
APPLICATION OF ISLAMIC BUSINESS ETHICS IN PRODUCTION FOR MSMEs AT UINFAS BENGKULU CANTEEN
Authors: Puspita Yeza , Yusril Yusril , Asnaini Asnaini
Published: December 2024

This research analyzes the application of Islamic business ethics in production at Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the canteen of Fatmawati Sukarno State Islamic University (UINFAS) Bengkulu. The aim of this research is to explore how the principles of Islamic business ethics are applied in production practices as well as the challenges faced by MSMEs in the campus environment. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, involving interviews and direct observation. The research results show that the UINFAS canteen has implemented the five principles of Islamic business ethics: the Principles of Tauhid, Honesty, Justice, Free Will, and Responsibility. Although the application of this ethic has a positive impact on the reputation and competitiveness of MSMEs, there are challenges such as employee awareness and limited resources. It is hoped that this research will provide insight for business actors about the importance of ethics in business and its contribution to the welfare of society.
ПРИТЯГНЕННЯ АДВОКАТА ДО ДИСЦИПЛІНАРНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ: ПРОБЛЕМИ В ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ КДКА ЩОДО ДОТРИМАННЯ ВСТАНОВЛЕНИХ СТРОКІВ
Authors: Вовнюк В. І.
Published: December 2024

Предметом запропонованого дослідження є розгляд проблемних питань, пов’язаних з діяльністю кваліфікаційно-дисциплінарних комісій адвокатури щодо забезпечення ними законного, справедливого та своєчасного вирішення покладених на них обов’язків. Звернуто увагу на статус кваліфікаційно дисциплінарних комісій та їхнє місце в системі адвокатури. Особливо акцентовано увагу на природу цих органів адвокатського самоврядування, що наближає їх до судів відповідно до європейських стандартів. Під час дослідження використано значну практичну базу з діяльності кваліфікаційно-дисциплінарних комісій адвокатури та Вищої кваліфікаційнодисциплінарної комісії адвокатури. Зосереджено увагу на дослідженні за допомогою аналізування конкретних справ проблем, пов’язаних із забезпеченням дотримання в процесі розгляду скарг на дії адвокатів встановлених законом строків і негативного впливу їхнього порушення на забезпечення не тільки охоронюваних законом прав та основних свобод громадян, а й загального рівня законності в суспільстві. Внесено пропозиції щодо вдосконалення нормативного забезпечення діяльності КДКА на цьому напрямі.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PRODUCTS OF CRUSHING SOYBEAN FOR OIL PRODUCTION
Authors: Piddubny Volodymyr , Osokina Nina , Tkachenko Hennadii
Published: December 2024

Obtaining oil by pressing from soybean involves drying it to a moisture content of 8.0–8.5%. Energy costs can be 3-4 times higher than the costs of evaporation from the free surface of water. Damage to the soybean coat reduces drying time by 1.5 times. The hydraulic resistance to hot air of the grain layer of crushed soybean is greater than that of the whole grain. Reuse of hot air in the grain dryer (recuperation) doubles its path in the soybean layer.
The purpose of the article is to determine the hydraulic resistance to hot air in a grain dryer with crushed soybean. It is necessary to calculate the height of the product layer in grain dryers of the type DSP-32 and BRICE-BAKER, to investigate the granulometric composition of crushing products.
Crushed soybean with a hammer mill and a roller mill were divided into fractions and weighed using sieves with round holes with diameters of 3.0 and 1.0 mm. The average particle diameter was calculated. The bulk mass of crushing products was determined. In the KOMPAS-3D software package, the height of the product layer was calculated: for grain dryers of the DSP-32 type - 0.25 m, BRICE-BAKER - 0.325 m. The ratio of the area of the outlet windows to the total area of the grain layer of the DSP-32 grain dryer is 0.03917, BRICE-BAKER – 0.021373. The mass share of fractions with a particle size of less than 3 mm in the case of using a roller mill was only 8.5%, which is much less than in the case of using a hammer crusher - 41.4%.
Hydraulic resistance to hot air in the grain dryer was calculated in the Mathcad software environment. At the maximum thickness of the layer (0.65 m) and the maximum grain of movement of hot air relative to the total area (0.4 m/s), the hydraulic resistance was 1450 (hammer mill) and 1352 Pa (roller mill). Crushing soybeans increases pressure loss by 2.1 times when using a roller mill and by 2.2 times when using a hammer mill.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE AIR HEAT EXCHANGER OF THE SIDE-EVAPORATION TYPE
Authors: Yaropud Vitalii
Published: December 2024

Over the past two decades, many new devices based on renewable energy have been introduced for heating purposes: new heat recovery units, heat pumps, solar systems and many others
However, no devices based on renewable energy sources have been widely applied in the field of cooling until now. This poses an important scientific challenge for researchers worldwide. A new solution that can solve the above-mentioned problems is direct and indirect air cooling through evaporation. Evaporative air coolers use the cooled heat of water evaporation to provide cooling and are less dependent on fossil fuels, they also feature a significantly higher conversion factor compared to mechanical compression systems. A higher transformation coefficient shows that the considered devices are able to reduce a significant part of the energy consumption used for air conditioning. One of the best methods for achieving very low temperatures with indirect evaporative air cooling is a new thermodynamic cycle known as the Maysotsenko cycle (M-cycle). Air heat exchangers of the indirect-evaporative type based on the Maisotsenko cycle have a higher transformation coefficient, so it is advisable to use them for cooling livestock premises.
The creation of workable and cost-effective designs of air heat exchangers (heat utilizers) for livestock premises, which can be aggregated with a set of ventilation equipment, is a complex scientific and engineering task.
According to the results of experimental studies of the indirect-evaporative type laboratory heat exchanger, the dependences of the temperature of the output primary air flow, the coefficient of thermal efficiency and effective cooling capacity on the temperature of the primary air flow at the inlet, its absolute humidity and its flow rate were obtained. Analyzing the obtained dependencies, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the correspondence between the results of numerical modeling and experimental studies, which is confirmed by the high value of the Pearson correlation coefficient (0.92–0.94). The optimal values of the factors under the condition of maximizing the effective cooling capacity NE = 426 W (different areas of the holes), NE = 380 W (the same areas of the holes) are tin = 32 °С, xin = 5 g/kg, Qin = 169 m3/h.
CONTROL ALGORITHM OF AUTOMATED STAMPING BY ROLLING OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE ELECTROMECHANICAL DRIVE OF THE VERTICAL DRILLING MACHINE
Authors: Shtuts Andrii
Published: December 2024

The control algorithm of automated stamping by rolling of the control system of the electromechanical drive of the vertical drilling machine is relevant in modern conditions due to the rapid development of production automation technologies.
Electromechanical drives allow for high precision and productivity in processing materials by pressure, and control systems make the rolling stamping process more efficient and less expensive by optimizing speed and movement angles. SHO, in turn, allows you to create complex geometric shapes of high-quality parts.
Research in the field of development of control algorithms is important for improving the processes of manufacturing parts, increasing productivity and reducing production costs. The urgency of the work is to find optimal solutions for automated vertical drilling machines, which will improve the quality of production and the competitiveness of enterprises on the market.
This scientific article examines the control algorithm of the automated SHO control system of the electromechanical drive of a vertical drilling machine. An overview of the principles of the machine and the main stages of the SHO process is given. The proposed algorithm is based on the use of a control system that ensures accuracy and stability of the process. An analysis of the efficiency of the algorithm in practice was carried out, the advantages and disadvantages of using this control system were determined. The results of research indicate an increase in the productivity and quality of processing parts due to the implementation of this algorithm.
Automated SHO systems can be widely used in mechanical engineering for the manufacture of complex shaped parts. The reliability of these systems is a key factor that determines their efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
The development of devices for automatically changing the equipment of the stamping and rolling complex arises with the aim of increasing the efficiency and automation of production processes in industry. Roll stamping is an important technology for the production of metal parts, but the process of changing equipment (such as tools or dies) can be time and resource intensive.
The obtained results can be useful for productions using automated rolling stamping systems. They will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the production process, reduce material costs, and also ensure stable and uninterrupted production.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF DRYING WALNUTS IN A CONVECTIVE-VIBRATION DRYER
Authors: Tsurkan Oleh , Spirin Anatoly , Gudzenko Natalia , Didyk Andrii
Published: December 2024

Obtaining high-quality walnuts must necessarily involve drying them to a conditioned moisture content of 10%. To achieve this goal, dryers of various types and designs are used, but convective dryers with various upgrades to intensify the drying process are the most common. To implement the drying process with the highest possible efficiency, it is necessary to know the regularities of the course of events occurring inside the drying equipment, that is, according to what laws the interaction of the drying agent and the material occurs. Simply put, you need to get a mathematical model of the process of drying walnuts in a convective-vibration dryer. The analysis of recent studies and publications shows that despite the significant variety of measures and means for the implementation of the convective drying process, all of them have the development of a mathematical model of the process as one of the stages of the study. In most cases, the mathematical model describes the interaction between the drying agent and the material to be dried. Before starting work on the creation of a mathematical model of drying, some assumptions were made, including the constancy of thermophysical characteristics and the coefficient of heat transfer during the entire drying process. To adequately describe the change in the amount of moisture in the material, the concept of negative internal heat sources was applied, which is equivalent to the current moisture content of the material and depends on its initial humidity and the operating parameters of the process. The solution of the equation of non-stationary thermal conductivity was carried out analytically by the operational method. The solution of the equation of the non-stationary process of thermal conductivity, taking into account the potential change in the intensity of negative internal heat sources in time, made it possible to obtain an equation by which it is possible to determine the temperature of the material at an arbitrary point of the nut volume depending on the drying exposure. The obtained equation makes it possible to adequately simulate the process of drying walnuts in a convective-vibration dryer and control the change in the temperature of the material to ensure the high quality of the final product.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WATER AND NUTRIENT BALANCE INTERACTIONS IN CLOSED HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Stadnik Mykola , Burlaka Serhiy , Luts Pavlo
Published: December 2024

This article presents a study aimed at modeling the interactions of water and nutrient balances in hydroponic systems, which are increasingly recognized as an environmentally sustainable and highly efficient method for growing plants without soil. Hydroponic systems provide optimal nutrient delivery to plants through a water solution maintained in a closed cycle, reducing water and fertilizer usage compared to traditional agriculture. However, the effectiveness of such systems largely depends on precise regulation of water and nutrient balances to ensure proper plant growth and optimize resource use.
The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive model that considers the dynamics of water and nutrient environments within the hydroponic system and predicts plants' requirements for essential nutrients. The article examines key parameters that influence nutrient balance in hydroponics, including pH level, concentrations of essential micro- and macronutrients, nutrient uptake rates by plants, evaporation, transpiration, temperature variations, and the nutrient ratio in the solution. Achieving stable water and nutrient balance requires accounting for all these factors and adjusting system parameters according to external conditions and the plants' growth stage.
The study’s methodology is based on a combination of mathematical modeling and experimental data, enabling the creation of an adaptive model for the hydroponic system. The article details the model structure, including input variables (temperature, humidity, nutrient concentration), exchange processes (uptake and transpiration), and output variables (optimal nutrient element concentrations). The modeling results facilitate the control and adjustment of the nutrient solution, minimizing water and fertilizer usage while ensuring maximum plant yield.
The practical significance of the developed model lies in its applicability for managing hydroponic farms of various scales, from home setups to industrial agricultural enterprises.
INFLUENCE OF ULTRASOUND VIBRATIONS ON THE FERMENTATION PROCESS OF FERMENTED MILK DRINKS
Authors: Novgorodska Nadiia
Published: December 2024

Fermented dairy products are one of the critical sources of essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and other biologically active compounds that support the functioning of the human immune system and reduce the impact of adverse environmental factors. Therefore, daily consumption of such products is recommended for people of all ages.
Fermentation is the longest stage in producing these products, requiring significant production space and high energy consumption to maintain the required temperature. Therefore, reducing the duration of this process without harming the quality of the product is an essential area of research.
Creating different dairy products naturally enriched with nutrients and avoiding artificial additives is also essential. This contributes to developing the natural and eco-friendly products segment, reducing production costs, and making medical diets more affordable.
The sonication of fermented mixtures is a promising method to achieve these goals. In recent years, ultrasound has shown its effectiveness as an economical means to change the aggregate state, dispersion, and emulsification and accelerate substance diffusion, crystallization, and dissolution. Furthermore, it activates chemical and biochemical processes.
This method is becoming increasingly widespread in various manufacturing processes due to its cost-effectiveness and the availability of inexpensive and reliable ultrasonic equipment. Its properties make it a financially viable option for improving fermented dairy production.
The change in active acidity of milk during fermentation with mesophilic lactic acid bacteria was chosen as a control indicator. Experimentally, it was found that ultrasonic treatment with a wave frequency of 30 ± 1 kHz, a duration of 60 seconds, and a power of 240 W allows achieving optimal conditions for active fermentation by mesophilic starter cultures of direct application. This treatment mode improved the fermentation process, promoting more efficient development of starter cultures and significantly increasing the fermentation activity. This allows the preservation of valuable nutrients in the product, improves its texture and taste characteristics, and reduces production time, an essential aspect of industrial conditions.
Rectilinear stationary motion of viscous-plastic fluid in a round cylindrical pipe
Authors:   "Oil-Gas Scientific Research Project” Institute, Azerbaijan Republic, Mustafayev S.D. , Kyazimov F.K. ,   "Oil-Gas Scientific Research Project” Institute, Azerbaijan Republic, Guseynova R.K. ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry
Published: December 2024

The article solves the hydromechanical theoretical problem of the rectilinear stationary motion of a viscous-plastic fluid in a round cylindrical pipe. This movement obeys the Bingham-Shvedov law of friction. This motion obeys the Bingham-Shvedov friction law. A formula for the radius of the flow core is derived from the condition of equilibrium of the pressure force and the friction force.
For fluid to move, the shear stress must be greater than the ultimate shear stress. When the shear stress and the ultimate shear stress are equal, a limiting equilibrium is created and on this basis the initial pressure drop is determined. A formula for the speed of liquid movement has been derived. Formulas for the flow rates of liquid in the flow core and in the gradient annular layer are found, by summing them up, the total flow rate of liquid in the pipe is found.
Investigation of oil spills in pipelines under pressureless flow conditions
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Nagizade A.R. , Nagizade A.R. ,   "Oil-Gas Scientific Research Project” Institute, Azerbaijan Republic
Published: December 2024

In order to assess the losses and environmental impact during oil pipeline operations due to oil spills, it is essential to determine the volume of spilled oil. Generally, the existing mathematical models for calculating the amount of hydrocarbons spilled in accidents are based on the hydraulics of monophasic flow of liquid and gas through openings and tubes. However, appropriate evaluation and calculation methods for multiphase flows are almost non-existent in the literature and regulatory documents. Therefore, the development and application of methods for accurately determining the volume of oil or gas released into the environment from pipelines under various conditions deserve special attention.
Analysis shows that in the accident-prone section of pipelines, due to the loss of integrity, a ballast volume forms when the liquid is discharged from the pipeline into the environment. Typically, for assessing oil spills, two points – maximum and minimum – are marked in the profile at the damaged and perforated section. A graph reflecting the distribution of hydrostatic pressure is constructed in this area. It is mistakenly assumed that the pressure at the leak point (at the point with the minimum height) is maximal, using the formula patm+ρghP. However, in reality, atmospheric pressure occurs at the minimum point, which is at the leak site.
This article investigates the assessment of pressureless oil spills in pipelines with varying terrain profiles and presents possible scenarios. It also demonstrates, based on the principle of flow continuity, that complete emptying of the pipeline due to accidental leaks is impossible.
In the event of oil spills, the complete drainage of the pipeline in a gravity flow mode is only possible if there are perforations at all the extremal points of the pipeline profile.
Geological substantiation of studies on hydrogeochemical analysis and utilisation of associated waters in fields under long-term development (On the example of Karachukhurskoe field)
Authors:   “Oil-Gas Scientific Research Project” Institute, Azerbaijan Republic, Abbasov Q.A. , Khalilov N.N. ,   “Oil-Gas Scientific Research Project” Institute, Azerbaijan Republic, Gurbanzade L.B. ,   “Oil-Gas Scientific Research Project” Institute, Azerbaijan Republic, Talibzade L.M. ,   “Oil-Gas Scientific Research Project” Institute, Azerbaijan Republic
Published: December 2024

The presented article is devoted to the solution of the problem of cleaning of mining territories, sea from oil and oil products pollution.
Treatment of produced water is one of the most important tasks facing the oil and gas industry. Formation water is a complex mixture of minerals and organic compounds that, if not treated properly, can cause serious damage to the environment. The problem of discharging this water to the Earth’s surface is relevant for all oil and gas production facilities, as the aggressive properties of formation water can lead to corrosion of industrial equipment, significant pollution of natural water bodies and topsoil.
The results of the studies show that the oil-water emulsion formed by mixing well water at the Karachukhur field with liquid in the sumps forms large-sized masses in the sumps. This also makes it difficult to collect, transport well product and separate formation water from oil, treat and dispose of it. The use of mathematical techniques such as cluster analysis and hierarchical classification can be seen as a tool to optimise the operation and disposal process.
To improve the efficiency and economic viability of operations, it is important to use modern methods to analyse and optimise well production and disposal processes. Such studies can help to create a more sustainable and environmentally friendly oil industry in the future. It is advisable to conduct similar studies on other fields in Azerbaijan that are under long-term development.
U-tube effect in well cementing on the Absheron peninsula
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Suleymanov E.M. , Ibrahimov R.S. ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry, Bakhshaliyev Sh.O. ,   Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry
Published: December 2024

He article states that based on the processing of field data, it was found that when drilling wells on the Apsheron Peninsula, the average densities of drilling fluids fluctuate significantly, and when cementing a well, the density of the cement slurry is higher than the density of the drilling fluids.
Therefore, under certain conditions, the U-tube effect or free fall occurs – this is a phenomenon during cementing, which results in a temporary loss of control over the fluid velocity and pressure in the annular space. The free fall effect occurs when the cement slurry is pumped into a casing filled with drilling fluid with a much lower density and begins to fall.
It is not easy to control the flow rate in the annulus by using wellhead downhole adjustable fittings, and it results in additional pressure in the annulus, increasing the risk of loss of circulation. Using a downhole connection to control the flow inside the casing will cause additional obvious problems, so it is also a poorly effective solution
The main problem during the cement slurry drop is the brief but important change that occurs in the flow velocity in the annulus. At this point, it is necessary to predict the annulus flow rate and calculate the annulus pressure to ensure that it does not exceed the fracture pressure in the open cementing interval. Predicting the flow rate in the annulus will also indicate whether it will fall outside the limits required for effective mud removal. It is necessary to predict this optimum flow-pressure regime based on the size of the annular space and the selected fluid rheology and density.
Thus pore pressure, minimum hydrostatic pressure, minimum dynamic intervention pressure, maximum dynamic intervention pressure rock fracture pressure as it increases.
The appearance of this effect indicates the need to make changes to the cement slurry pumping mode. It is shown that in other areas of the Apsheron Peninsula it is necessary to use special large-volume buffer fluids with a density approximately intermediate between drilling and cement slurries.
PELATIHAN MENULIS KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK MAHASISWA FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN ILMU KEGURUAN DI INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM SULTAN MUHAMMAD SYAFIUDDIN SAMBAS
Authors: Eliyah  , Asyruni Multahada  , Hasanah Mauizatul , Astari Zuri , Parni  , Yuliantini Sera , Patriana  , Astaman  , Effiyadi
Published: December 2024

Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini bertujuan Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Karya Ilmiah Mahasiswa Semester VI Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan Institut Agama Islam Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas. Program ini meggunakan metode Service Learning. Tim pengabdi memberikan pelatihan Penulisan dan Implementasi penulisan pada mahasiswa semester VI. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 122 peserta yang terdiri dari Mahasiswa PAUD berjumlah 6 orang, Mahasiswa PGMI berjumlah 68 orang, Mahasiswa PAI berjumlah 31 orang, dan Mahasiswa TBI berjumlah 17 orang. Setelah   dilakukan pelatihan kepada mahasiswa semester VI Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan Institut Agama Islam Sultan Muhammad Syafiuddin Sambas maka kondisinya adalah: 1) Seluruh mahasiswa PGMI semester VI dan PAI semester dapat menulis karya ilmah dengan baik dan benar; 2) Tulisan mahasiswa sesuai dengan standar fakultas yang diharapkan; 3) Karyatulis ilmiah mahasiswa sesuai dengan gaya selingkung Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan; dan 3) Mahasiswa dapat menulis proposal karya ilmiah dan laporan karya ilmiah dengan benar.
LITERASI DIGITAL BAGI UMKM
Authors: S Lydia Rosintan , Soeharjoto  , Dewi Rosiyana
Published: December 2024

Digital literacy is an inseparable part of information. Information is no longer only in printed form, but can now be accessed using digital media. Digital literacy is an urgent need for today's society. Because technological progress that is not balanced by intelligence in using modern technological devices will undoubtedly have a negative impact on human civilization. With current technological developments, we must be able to make the best use of it. However, because the process of disseminating data in the digital world is very rapid, we are required to be able to filter information so as not to get wrong information. MSMEs also play a role in the distribution of development results and are the driving force behind the growth of national economic activity. Attention to the development of the MSME sector gives its own meaning to efforts to reduce a country's poverty rate. The existence of positive opportunities means that MSME players have enormous potential to be successful in the market, if they can adopt the right marketing strategy. This is what encouraged SMKS Pelita IV students and SME groups in the Tambora area, West Jakarta, to start learning to build small businesses in local residential areas. In this PKM activity, SMKS Pelita IV students help with training and counseling to develop their business. The Community Service Team (PKM) of the Faculty of Economics and Business, Trisakti University will hold training to better introduce marketing strategies, especially digital marketing, in this case Social Media, to students of SMKS Pelita IV Tambora, West Jakarta. to increase sales of their products.