bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Solar Tracking System: A Comprehensive Overview of an advanced Automatic Solar Tracking system using ESP8266
Authors: Kabilan M.  , Manikandan V.  , Dharshini S.K.
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on developing a Solar Tracking System using ESP866 microcontrollers and Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) to enhance the efficiency of solar panels. Solar panels work most effectively when directly facing the sun, and this system adjusts the panel orientation throughout the day to achieve optimal sunlight exposure. The ESP866 acts as the system's controller, processing data from strategically placed LDRs that detect the sun's position. This data drives servo motors to adjust the panels for maximum solar exposure, ensuring continuous and efficient energy generation. By implementing this solar tracking system in which the study offers a cost-effective and practical solution to improve energy output from solar panels. The system leverages the programmability of the ESP866 and the light sensitivity of LDRs for real-time adjustments, reducing reliance on fixed panel setups. Its adaptability and affordability make it is useful for various applications, contributing to the wider goal of sustainable energy use. Ultimately, this study advances solar energy technology by providing a scalable, accessible way to maximize solar energy capture, supporting the shift toward more eco-friendly, renewable energy solutions.
Multiwavelength Variability Analysis of the Blazar PKS 0727-11: An ~ 168 day Quasiperiodic Oscillation in the γ-Ray
Authors: Shen Yuncai , Yi Tingfeng , Dhiman Vinit , Mao Lisheng , Dong Liang
Published: February 2025

We performed variability analysis of the multiwavelength light curves (LCs) for the flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 0727-11. Using the generalized Lomb–Scargle periodogram, we identified a possible quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) of ~168.6 days (persisted for six cycles, with a significance of 3.8σ) in the γ-ray LC during the flare period (MJD 54687–55738). It is the first time that periodic variations have been detected in this source, and further supported by other methods: weighted wavelet z-transform, phase dispersion minimization, REDFIT, autoregressive integrated moving average model, and structure function analysis. Cross-correlation analysis shows that there is a strong correlation between multiband light variations, indicating that γ-ray and radio flares may originate from the same disturbance, and the distance between the emission regions of γ-ray and radio flares is calculated based on the time lag. We demonstrate that QPO arising from the non-ballistic helical jet motion driven by the orbital motion in a supermassive binary black hole is a plausible physical explanation. In this scenario, the estimated mass of the primary black hole is M ∼ 3.66 × 108–5.79 × 109
M
⊙.
A Study on the Line of Sight to Galaxies Detected at Gamma-Ray Energies
Authors: Furniss Amy , Amador Josepf N. , Hervet Olivier , Jackson Ollie , Williams David A.
Published: February 2025

The large-scale universal structure comprises strands of dark matter and galaxies with large underdense volumes known as voids. We measure the fraction of the line of sight that intersects voids for active galactic nuclei (AGN) detected by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This “voidiness” fraction is a rudimentary proxy for the density along the line of sight to the galaxies. The voidiness of SDSS-observed quasars (QSOs) is distinctly different from randomly distributed source populations, with a median p-value of 4.6 × 10−5 and ≪1 × 10−7, when compared with 500 simulated populations with randomly simulated locations but matching redshifts in the 0.1 ≤ z < 0.4 and 0.4 ≤ z < 0.7 intervals, respectively. A similar comparison of the voidiness for LAT-detected AGN shows median p-values greater than 0.05 in each redshift interval. When comparing the SDSS QSO population to the LAT-detected AGN, we mitigate potential bias from a relationship between redshift and voidiness by comparing the LAT-detected AGN to a “redshift-matched” set of SDSS QSOs. The LAT-detected AGN between a redshift of 0.4 and 0.7 show higher voidiness compared to the redshift-matched SDSS QSO populations, with a median p-value of 2.3 × 10−5 (a 4.1σ deviation). No deviation is found when comparing the same populations between redshifts of 0.1 and 0.4 (p > 0.05). We do not study possible causes of this voidiness difference. It might relate to propagation effects from lower magnetic or radiative background fields within voids or to an environment more favorable for gamma-ray production for AGN near voids.
New data from the historical bee collection (Hymenoptera, Anthophila) of the Science Museum of the University of Coimbra and additional faunistic updates for Portugal
Authors: Gaspar Hugo , Flaminio Simone , Soares Albano , Rufino Cristina , Loureiro João , Castro Sílvia , Wood Thomas J.
Published: February 2025

Entomological collections hold significant scientific potential, especially understudied taxa of historical collections from important biogeographical regions, such as bees in Portugal. The

Science Museum of the University of Coimbra (MCUC)

holds the largest historical collection of Portuguese bees, primarily because M.A. Diniz, one of the few Portuguese bee experts, was based in this institution during the 20th century, and several historical collections are stored there from that period and before. Nevertheless, most of the records were unpublished and unrevised. In this work, we revised and databased (via GBIF) 13,374 Portuguese bee records (11,053 unpublished), covering 464 species, of which 11 are new to Portuguese fauna. All 9 type specimens from Portuguese species (1 holotype, 2 syntypes, 5 paratypes and 1 dismissed type) were reported and photographed. We also provide an update of the Anthophila checklist for continental Portugal, with three additional unreported species from other institutions (for a total of 14 new species) and removal or confirmation of exclusion of 19 previously reported species, producing a revised total for the Portuguese continental bee fauna of 736 species.
Predicting roadkill: a regional-scale model for the Northern Tamandua integrating environmental and road characteristics
Authors: Boyat Silvio , Arévalo-Huezo Esmeralda
Published: February 2025

Wildlife-vehicle collisions may be the most visible impact of road networks on ecosystems. It has been shown that roadkill does not randomly occur across space and is distributed depending on environmental and ecological factors, such as habitat suitability and landscape connectivity of the interest species. In Costa Rica, the Northern Tamandua (Tamandua mexicana) is one of the mammal species most affected by road mortality. This study aimed to predict roadkill risk for the species in northwestern Costa Rica, considering habitat suitability and landscape connectivity. Roadkill data was retrieved from a local citizen science project and collected through a field survey. Habitat suitability and landscape connectivity models were calibrated on publicly available presence data. The models were then used as input, including additional road characteristics to calibrate a maximum entropy roadkill risk model. The final model had an excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.989) and identified 108.7 km of road sections throughout the region as high risk, mainly found on primary roads. The most significant variables in the model were road width, traffic speed and habitat suitability. Landscape connectivity did not contribute significantly to the model. This study shows that road characteristics are the main contributors to roadkill regionally and highlights the relevance of the species’ ecological features, such as habitat suitability, in its prediction. Thus, such variables should be considered in the design of mitigation measures for the impacts of roads on wildlife.
Spiradiclis scorpiura (Rubiaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
Authors: Nong You , Lei Li-Qun , Wu Lei , Hu Qi-Min , Li Ying-Jing , Qu Xin-Cheng , Xu Chuan-Gui , Wei Gui-Yuan
Published: February 2025

Spiradiclis scorpiura (Rubiaceae), a new calcareous species found in Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is similar to S. coccinea, S. scabrida, and S. purpureocaerulea in having pubescent stems and subglobose capsules, but it is easily distinguished by its cincinnous inflorescence and its triangular, 1–2 mm long, pubescent bracteoles. According to the IUCN criteria, it is considered Data Deficient (DD) until more information becomes available. Photographs, an illustration, a distribution map, and a comparative table with the most similar species are provided.
Lespedeza jianghuensis (Fabaceae), a new species from riparian meadows of Yangtze River basin, China
Authors: Huang Song , Chen Mei-Qian , Song Feng , Li Jia-Xiang , Pan Bo , Zhong Hui-Yi , Zhou Li-Qun , Liu Ang , Zheng Yu-Tao , Zhao Pan
Published: February 2025

Lespedeza jianghuensis (Fabaceae), from Yangtze River basin, China, is described and illustrated as a new species. It is a dwarf shrublet occurring in the riparian meadows along the banks of rivers and lakes. It is morphologically similar to L. cuneata, L. lichiyuniae, and L. caraganae, but differs by its prostrate or decumbent habit, angulate but not furrowed stems, and small stipules (ca. 1 mm). Phylogenetic analyses based on combination of five chloroplasts fragments and ITS sequence confirmed that it belongs to Lespedeza sect. Junceae. We also evaluate its conservation status as Least Concern (LC).
Les échos d’une voix majeure
Authors: Sonnet Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2025

Les Écritures révèlent de puissants ressorts romanesques. Et à l’inverse, certains chefs d’œuvre littéraires, qui ne font pas explicitement référence à la Bible, permettent parfois d’en appréhender toute la portée.
Le PIB ne fait pas le bien-être
Authors: Jany-Catrice Florence
Published: February 2025

Une idée persistante veut que l’espérance de vie soit liée au niveau de revenus et donc à la richesse d’un pays. Cette équation n’est plus si évidente, notamment aux États-Unis.
Diagnostic des syndromes myéloprolifératifs « BCR-ABL négatif »
Authors: Giot C. , Lacaton Anne , Luque Paz Damien , Ugo V.
Published: February 2025

Les néoplasies myéloprolifératives (NMP), auparavant syndromes myéloprolifératifs, sont des hémopathies myéloïdes clonales qui comprennent plusieurs pathologies : d’une part la leucémie myéloïde chronique (« BCR-ABL positive ») et d’autre part, la polyglobulie de Vaquez, la thrombocytémie essentielle et la myélofibrose primitive, aussi appelées néoplasies myéloprolifératives « BCR-ABL négative », objet de cette revue générale, ainsi que des formes rares ou atypiques qui ne seront pas détaillées ici. Les NMP sont des pathologies qui affectent le plus souvent des sujets de plus de 60 ans mais certaines formes surviennent chez les sujets jeunes, voire même les enfants. Ce sont le plus souvent des maladies acquises et primitives, mais des facteurs familiaux ou environnementaux sont parfois retrouvés. Dans la plupart des cas, le diagnostic biologique est aisé grâce aux données de l’hémogramme et de la biologie moléculaire. La physiopathologie, les critères diagnostiques et les examens distinguant les trois principales NMP « BCR-ABL négative » sont présentés dans cet article.
Le dépistage phénotypique du déficit en G6PD
Authors: Schaaf Laura-Sophie , Nourry H. , Bahuau M. , Djouder N. , Moutereau Stéphane
Published: February 2025

Le déficit en glucose-6-phosphate déshydrogénase (G6PD) est une enzymopathie particulièrement répandue dans le monde entier. Causé par une mutation du gène G6PD situé sur le chromosome sexuel X, il fragilise les érythrocytes en les rendant sensibles au stress oxydatif et peut ainsi conduire à la survenue d’une hémolyse plus ou moins intense lorsque les hématies sont exposées à des conditions physiopathologiques défavorables ou à des produits oxydants, aliments (en particulier, les fèves) ou médicaments. Compte tenu de sa très grande fréquence, le dépistage systématique d’un déficit éventuel est recommandé dans ces situations. L’inactivation d’un chromosome X chez les femmes peut parfois amener à masquer la présence d’un déficit selon les circonstances alors que, chez les hommes, il est plus facilement mis en évidence. La confrontation de la mesure de l’activité de la G6PD à celle d’une autre enzyme érythrocytaire permet assez simplement d’augmenter la performance du dépistage du déficit globulaire dans les cas ambigus.
Méningite à Streptococcus suis
Authors: Ciupek C. , Sanséau G. , Linval P. , Simon L.
Published: February 2025

Streptococcus suis est une bactérie au double visage, à la fois commensale des amydgales et du nasopharynx du cochon, et pouvant être à l’origine d’infections sévères dans les porcheries industrielles, avec des répercussions économiques conséquentes pour les éleveurs. Le sanglier est aussi un réservoir naturel de S. suis. L’Homme peut être accidentellement contaminé par ces Suidés et nous rapportons un cas de méningite purulente, avec séquelles neurologiques, survenue chez un agent d’entretien de la voirie, amené à déplacer les cadavres de sangliers tués lors de collisions avec des automobiles.
The cathedral of modern civilisation. The Teatro Real of Madrid and the definition of the respectable new elite, 1850-1895
Authors: San Narciso David
Published: February 2025

Opera was a spectacle reserved for the aristocratic elite during the Ancien Régime. However, the liberal revolution and the redefinition of the mechanisms of social class identity that brought with it significantly modified this space. As Théophile Gautier said, opera houses became in the nineteen century “a radiating centre, a sort of worldly cathedral of civilisation” from which to spread progress. At the same time, they constituted a privileged social space for interaction between the old nobility and the new liberal elites. This article studies the Teatro Real of Madrid as one of the most important spaces for the sociability of the Spanish nineteenth-century elites. I aim to show how it contributed to redefining the profiles of the elite, facilitating the encounter between old and new aristocracies. For this purpose, I analyse the confrontation between the different social strata attempting to impose an aesthetic attitude, respectable behaviour, and modern taste inside the opera house. I propose to study this space as a social element that helped to modulate the patterns of distinction of the elites and to disseminate codes of conduct linked to civility.
Determination of the Effect of Magnesium Hydrophosphate on the Physical-Rheological and Chemical-Colloidal Properties of Aluminosilicate-Based Flame Retardant Paints
Authors: Kurska Tetiana , Grygorenko Nataliia
Published: February 2025

The effect of magnesium hydrophosphate on rheokinetic, chemical-colloidal and flame retardant properties of flame retardant aluminosilicate paints for wood has been investigated. It is shown that the introduction of magnesium hydrophosphate in the paint composition in the amount of 1-1.5% allows to stabilize the change of dynamic viscosity from 164500 to 120000 cP in the range of speeds from 0.35 to 1 RPM, as well as to provide wettability (s=0. 659-0.6603) and stability of spread ability (k=-43.48 and k=- 43.65) of the paint on pine substrate, which corresponds to the criterion requirements. According to the data of fire tests it was found that modification of aluminosilicate bases of paints with magnesium hydrophosphate in the amount of 1-1.5% puts them in the category of difficult combustible and difficult to ignite, the temperature of flue gases did not exceed the critical value (<260С), mass loss did not exceed 5.4-7.2%, which corresponds to the I group of flammability G1 according to the standard. According to the shear force data (SS=24.95 to 176.45 dynes/cm2 and SS=23.18 to 172.4 dynes/cm2) the investigated formulations can be applied on wooden surfaces by air spraying with a screw paint feed.
Experimental Study of Combustion Characteristics of Typical Material in a Non-Hermetic Room
Authors: Pospelov Boris , Rybka Evgeniy , Meleshchenko Ruslan , Polkovnychenko Dmytro , Korniienko Ruslan
Published: February 2025

The results of experimental study of combustion peculiarities of typical materials (alcohol, paper, wood and textiles) in a small-sized unsealed chamber are presented. By the method of exponential filtering of measurements by traditional fire sensors of temperature, smoke density and carbon monoxide concentration of the gaseous medium in the ceiling area of the experimental chamber, the combustion peculiarities of these materials were revealed. It is established that the dynamics of temperature, smoke density and gas medium concentration in the ceiling area of the chamber during the ignition of alcohol, paper, wood and textiles has a complex and non-stationary character. This character of dynamics is caused by complex and invisible mechanisms of interaction at the molecular and macroscopic levels of combustion materials with the gas medium of the chamber. It was found that the beginning of combustion of materials is characterized by the signs of appearance of the trend of growth and increase of fluctuations of temperature, smoke density and carbon monoxide concentration of the gas medium. These signs are representative, which allows recommending them for current detection of material ignition in order to prevent fire in the premises.
Digital Marketing and Brand Engagement Behavior: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Wimalasena L. M. D. O. , Jayasinghe C.
Published: February 2025

The primary objective of this concept paper is to review the role of digital marketing on consumer engagement behavior. Understanding how digital marketing tactics affect consumer-brand interactions is given particular attention, with a focus on how technology revolutionizes engagement. Technological advancements in this era have created a hyper-connected world. Hence, research should be carried out to explore the contribution of digital platforms towards, brand loyalty and engagement. Marketers look for ways to create consumer value with the identification of numerous tools and touchpoints. Scholars have emphasized the importance of dynamic interaction among brands and consumers in the digital space with reference to brand engagement. Brand engagement identifies the degree of a customer's behavioral, emotional and cognitive investment towards a brand. It is crucial that organizations adopt a range of innovative digital strategies that are customer-centric to achieve competitive advantage in the long run with enhanced brand engagement. This paper examines how theoretical and empirical contributions address brand engagement in the digital age. The deductive approach has been utilized to synthesize insights from academic literature and publications related to industries. Key discussions are summarized and the paper concludes with future research directions for further studies.
Antisynthetase syndrome with anti-glycyl tRNA synthetase antibodies in a patient with axial spondyloarthritis treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors
Authors: Iacovantuono Maria , Bonini Chiara , Di Biase Ernesto , Magliacani Vinicio , Sebastiani Gian Domenico
Published: February 2025

We present a case of interstitial lung disease arising in the course of antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD) in a patient with axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA) undergoing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors therapy. Only two cases of ASSD in ax-SpA patients have been described in the literature, although with a different autoantibody profile. Only in one case, ASSD manifested with lung involvement, without the possible implication of TNF-α inhibitors in the pathogenesis, as it occurred concurrently with spondyloarthritis. Our case is the first to emphasize the coexistence of ASSD with anti-glycyl tRNA synthetase antibodies and ax-SpA, reminding us of the possible, although rare, adverse effects on the lungs with TNF-α inhibitors.
Experiences of Athletic Trainers Following the Death of a Student-Athlete by Suicide, Part 2: Institutional and Personal Response
Authors: Milliet Maegan M. , Neil Elizabeth R. , Torres-McGehee Toni M. , Gilmore Ginger , Moore Kenya , Winkelmann Zachary K.
Published: February 2025

Context:

The NCAA's 2016 and 2024 Mental Health Best Practice documents outline essential guidelines for athletic programs, including mental health recognition, referral pathways, and critical incident management. Despite these recommendations, there remains a significant gap in literature and practice regarding the response to and management of suicide bereavement among athletic trainers (ATs), highlighting the need for further exploration of their experiences and institutional responses following a student-athlete's death by suicide

Objective:

To explore the lived experiences of collegiate ATs following the death of a student-athlete by suicide.

Design:

Qualitative.

Setting:

Individual interview.

Participants:

12 ATs (age=37±7 years; credentialed experience=14±7 years) who were providing patient care to a student-athlete who died by suicide.

Main Outcome Measures:

Each AT completed a semi-structured, audio-only interview. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis followed the consensual qualitative research tradition using a 3-person coding team. Credibility and trustworthiness were established through member checking, triangulation, and internal auditing.

Results:

Participants revealed several experiences and reactions following the death of a student-athlete by suicide that focused on their institutional reaction, their emotional reaction and coping mechanisms, and shared advice for other ATs moving forward. Following the student-athlete death by suicide, ATs shared their institutional reaction, which included a collaborative approach with resources and changes to policy, procedures, and their overall system. They also shared their emotional reaction and coping mechanisms following the death, which included a grief response influenced by guilt, concern for other student-athletes, and the use, and lack of use, of support systems and formal therapy. Finally, they provided shared advice concerning death by suicide that included taking care of oneself and taking mental health seriously.

Conclusions:

Following the death, most participants expressed grief and concern for others but often did not recognize themselves as needing help. Institutional policy and provider postvention strategies are recommended.
Hip Abductors Strength and Endurance in Individuals with Recent and Long-Standing Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Van Cant J. , Serres W. , Farraj M. , Nguyen AP. , Tittley J. , Briani RV. , Roy JS.
Published: February 2025

Context:

Numerous studies report deficits in hip muscle performance in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, the exact stage at which these deficits emerge and the impact of symptom duration remain unclear.

Objective:

To compare hip abductor strength and endurance based on the presence or absence of PFP and its duration.

Design:

Cross-sectional study

Patients or Other Participants:

68 with PFP and 29 pain-free controls

Main Outcome Measure(s):

We evaluated isometric maximal strength, isometric endurance, and dynamic endurance of hip abductors. Comparisons were made between participants with PFP and pain-free controls and among different PFP duration subgroups (< 12 months, ≥ 12 months, ≤ 6 months, > 24 months) and pain-free controls.

Results:

Hip abductor isometric strength (% body mass [BM]) was significantly lower in the PFP group (203.8 ± 46.8) and all PFP subgroups (< 12 months: 203.9 ± 57.0; > 12 months: 203.7 ± 42.2) (≤ 6 months: 205.1 ± 59.6; > 24 months: 207.7 ± 41.9), compared to pain-free controls (254.6 ± 60.3). However, no significant differences were found between PFP subgroups. There were also no significant differences in hip abductor isometric or dynamic endurance between PFP group and pain-free controls, or between PFP subgroups and pain free controls.

Conclusions:

Hip abductors strength deficits emerge early in the course of PFP. However, further studies are needed to understand the observed lack of difference in endurance.
Human immunodeficiency virus and anaesthesia
Authors: Khalpey M.
Published: February 2025

No abstract available.
Management of postoperative pain
Authors: Wels D.
Published: February 2025

No abstract available.
Management of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mashitisho M.L.I.
Published: February 2025

Hypertension and diabetes co-exist. The prevalence of hypertension is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, while patients with hypertension have a higher incidence of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hypertension in patients with diabetes is linked to cardiovascular disease, strokes, the progression of renal disease and diabetic retinopathy. Any 10 mmHg drop in blood pressure is associated with a reduction in the rate of diabetes- related mortality by 15%, myocardial infarction by 11% and microvascular complications of retinopathy or nephropathy by 13%. According to the Society for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, target blood pressure in patients with hypertension and diabetes is between 120/70 mmHg and 140/80 mmHg. Different studies have demonstrated that adequate blood pressure control improves outcomes, especially strokes, when the blood pressure target is achieved. The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) 38 reported that tight blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus reduced the risk of diabetes-related deaths, complications related to diabetes, progression to diabetic retinopathy and deterioration in visual acuity. Tight blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus also reduces the costs of complications. In UKPDS 39, it was found that by preventing diabetes-related complications in patients with hypertension, the choice of antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure was less important than the blood pressure control. It is very important for clinicians to be familiar with the different classes of drugs that are commonly used to control hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This information will assist clinicians to prevent or delay the progression of diabetic complications. The drug classes that are commonly used in the management of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers, angiotensin II-receptor blockers, thiazide diuretics and beta blockers.
An evaluation of the Triage Early Warning Score in an urban accident and emergency department in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Naidoo D.K. , Rangiah S. , Naidoo S.S.
Published: February 2025

Objective: Triage is an essential first step in the efficient and effective running of any emergency department. A good triage tool saves lives and reduces mortality. The Triage Early Warning Score (TEWS) is a useful tool used to identify patients in emergency departments who are at risk of deterioration and who may require admission. As this triage tool has only been evaluated to a limited extent, this study assessed its effectiveness in identifying patients at risk of early deterioration to enable timely medical intervention. Design and setting: This was a retrospective study of medical records within the accident and emergency department of an urban public hospital. Outcome measures: The calculated TEWS was compared to one of four possible outcomes viz. discharge within 24 hours, admission to the ward, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), or death in hospital. Pearson’s chi-squared tests and cross-tabulation was used to determine the statistical significance of the association.Results: Of the 265 patient records analysed, 233 (87.9%) had a TEWS of 7. Of patients with a TEWS of 7, 53.7% were discharged, compared to 18.7% with a score ≥ 7, who were discharged. The average score of the four patients who died was 9.5, and 8.2 for the three admitted to ICU. Higher TEWS were significantly associated with increased admission to hospital and in-hospital deaths (p-value 0.032). Conclusion: An effective triage scoring system ensures that those requiring emergency care are appropriately categorised. Prompt intervention will either reverse further physiological decline or facilitate timely referral to the appropriate service level, including ICU.
Severe neuropathy due to inhalant abuse in adolescents from Pretoria
Authors: Schutte Clara M. , Naidoo Jayendra , Kakaza Mandisa , Pillay Manesh , Hiesgen Juliane
Published: February 2025

Background: Inhalation of volatile agents, or solvent abuse, is a dangerous pastime practised by many young adolescents in various parts of the world. Benzine, a distillate of petroleum, is a cheap and readily available solvent that is often inhaled or “sniffed” to produce a short-lived feeling of euphoria or disorientation. The aim of this report is to describe four adolescents with severe polyneuropathies secondary to chronic benzine inhalation who were seen at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital in Pretoria’s Neurology Department. Methods and patients: Four adolescent boys aged 15–18 years presented to the Department of Neurology from 2011 to 2013 with progressive weakness and muscle atrophy. Results: On examination all patients showed signs of a severe motor and sensory neuropathy. Two were wheelchair bound at the time of presentation and an initial diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome was considered. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal and electromyography showed severe mixed motor and sensory mainly axonal polyneuropathies in all patients. All investigations for causes of neuropathies were normal, but all patients eventually admitted that they had been abusing benzene by inhaling it for a period of at least six months. The inhalation occurred as a group activity, involving many children. Conclusion: Inhalant abuse appears to be a common practice amongst adolescents from Pretoria. It can lead to a catastrophic polyneuropathy, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a young patient presenting with a Guillain-Barre syndrome-type of clinical picture. Awareness amongst schools and drug programmes should be raised to prevent this tragic and highly disabling condition. (Full text available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2015; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2014.975483
The influence of gender roles and traditional healing on cervical screening adherence amongst women in a Cape Town peri-urban settlement
Authors: Learmonth Despina , Jansen van Vuuren Anica , De Abreu Chantelle
Published: February 2025

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common gynaecologic malignancy worldwide and is the second most common cancer among South African women. Although entirely preventable, cervical cancer is responsible for the death of approximately 3 027, 53% of those diagnosed, South Africa women annually. A variety of factors influence women’s cervical screening adherence. Methods: A focus group discussion was conducted with female residents in Khayelitsha. Data from the focus group discussion was analysed using thematic analysis whereby emergent themes and subthemes were identified and reported. Results: The study confirmed previous findings around screening barriers amongst women residing in other Cape Town peri-urban settlements. New information regarding the influence of gender inequalities and traditional healers on screening adherence also emerged. Conclusion: The incorporation of men into cervical screening intervention programmes and the integration of traditional healers meaningfully into the health care system appear to be vital in improving adherence to screening. (Full text available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2015; DOI:10.1080/20786190.2014.978096
The role of community health workers in the reengineering of primary health care in rural Eastern Cape
Authors: Le Roux Karl , Le Roux Ingrid M. , Mbewu Nokwanele , Davis Emily
Published: February 2025

Background: Primary Health Care in South Africa is being re-engineered to create a model of integrated care across different levels of the health care system. From hospitals to clinics, in the community and in the home, health care will focus more on prevention, health promotion, and advocacy for healthy lifestyles and well-being, in addition to clinical services. We provide a best-practice model of integrating community health workers (CHWs) trained as generalists into a multi-level health system in the Oliver Tambo district of the rural Eastern Cape. Methods: Based at Zithulele Hospital, a health care network between the hospital, 8 clinics, and 50 CHWs has been created. The functions of each tier of care are different and complementary. This article describes the recruitment, training, supervision, monitoring, and outcomes of CHWs who deliver maternal, child health, nutrition, and general care through home visits. Results: CHWs, especially in rural settings, can find and refer new TB/HIV cases, ill children, and at-risk pregnant women; rehabilitate malnourished children at home; support TB and HIV treatment adherence; treat diarrhoea, worm infestation, and skin problems; and distribute vitamin A. CHWs provide follow-up after clinic and hospital care, support families to apply health information, problem-solve the health and social challenges of daily living, and assist in accessing social grants. Case examples of how this model functions are provided. Conclusion: This generalist CHW home intervention is a potential model for the re-engineering of the primary health care system in South Africa. (Full text available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2015; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2014.977063
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in males: A review of pathophysiology
Authors: Maharajh Suhani , Abdel Goad Ehab H. , Ramklass Serela , Conradie Marius
Published: February 2025

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) refer to the symptom complex that is the common pathway for diseases affecting the lower urinary tract. It manifests as either irritative or obstructive symptoms. LUTS have long been recognised as a significant cause of morbidity in both sexes. The long term sequelae of the underlying cause are also a significant cause of mortality. LUTS have been noted to have a recognisable progression pattern that worsens with age. This is of particular concern in African countries that continue to evolve in terms of the population dynamics. This evolution has resulted in an increase in the geriatric population in both developed and developing countries. There has been a concordant increase in the recognition of the symptom complex with age. This results in a significant percentage of males presenting with LUTS and secondary complications. Several factors interact to produce LUTS. Complex pathophysiological pathways have been investigated to define the roles of individual and cumulative risk factors in an attempt to provide better therapeutic options. It is imperative for scientists to identify reversible factors that influence LUTS. Treatment of the complex of symptoms has the potential to utilise a significant proportion of the healthcare budget. Identification of modifiable risk factors in the pathogenesis of LUTS allows for more cost effective prevention and management of the disease. This article will discuss the definition and pathogenesis of LUTS with particular emphasis on the role of metabolic factors. An algorithm for assessment, initial management and referral criteria is also included. (Full text available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2015; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2014.983307
The effect of an automated integrated management of childhood illness guideline on the training of professional nurses in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Rhode Hilary W.J. , Mash Bob
Published: February 2025

Background: Reducing under-five mortality rates is a global priority. Although under-five mortality has decreased in South Africa, it is still unacceptably high. The implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guideline is a key World Health Organization intervention aimed at reducing under-five mortality. Most primary care consultations are with professional nurses and they are usually trained in IMCI in a year-long primary healthcare diploma, which qualifies them to be a clinical nurse practitioner. This study aimed to evaluate the effect on training outcomes of introducing an automated IMCI guideline.Methods: Thirty professional nurses enrolled for the diploma course were purposively allocated in a quasi-experimental design to train with either paper-based or automated versions of the guideline. Their knowledge of IMCI was evaluated before and after the initial 12 hours of classroom teaching. Data on assessment, classification and management of children was extracted from the medical records of their consultations during supervised clinical training. Results: Both groups improved their knowledge of IMCI, but were not significantly different at the end of classroom teaching. Nurses in the automated group performed significantly better in use of the IMCI guideline (p 0.05): checking immunisations (68% vs. 93%), making a complete assessment (62% vs 100%), prescribing correct medication (50% vs 85%) and correct dose (42% vs 85%). Conclusion: Use of automated IMCI guidelines showed potential for improved training outcomes. The potential for improved quality of care and clinical outcomes needs to be further studied along with a cost–benefit analysis. (Full text available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2015; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2014.995914
Aminoglycoside-induced hearing deficits – a review of cochlear ototoxicity
Authors: Petersen Lucretia , Rogers Christine
Published: February 2025

This article aims to inform the reader about current knowledge of the effects of aminoglycosides on hearing. The hearing loss caused by aminoglycosides is permanent and can negatively affect the individual’s quality of life. Although treatment with aminoglycosides cannot be avoided in some instances, timely intervention can minimise the impact of the hearing loss on the individual’s everyday life. The discussion includes the incidence of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss and predisposing factors. In addition, monitoring and management of cochlear ototoxicity is described. (Full text available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2015; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2014.1002220
Systematic Review on Technical Aspects and Clinical Outcomes of Various Diagnostic Modalities in Breast Imaging: Have We Still Got a Full Proof Modality?
Authors: Modi Swati , Kothari Sandhya
Published: February 2025

Identification of breast cancer at early stage is essential for theinitialization of treatment of patient. Mammography, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) each have pros and cons, and preoperative marking is essential. A multimodal approach and teamwork optimize patient care. Therefore, this review aims for the study on different aspects of the various diagnostic modalities in breast imaging. The present systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, incorporating an extensive search across major electronic databases. It includes diverse study types, comprising of analytical studies and full-text literature. The review specifically includes studies that provide information about breast imaging modalities. The risk of bias in this study was assessed using the recommended methodology. A total of 14 studies on breast imaging modalities were included. These studies collectively examined 295,262 cases, with an average participant age of 54 years. Most of the studies utilized US and MRI for diagnosing breast cancer. Specifically, US improves the screening p ability to identify cancer in women at average risk. Breast imaging modalities such as MRI and digital breast tomosynthesis enhance cancer diagnosis but may lead to an increase in false positives. Artificial intelligence in breast cancer care faces challenges such as verifying algorithms and overcoming biases. Future initiatives should prioritize large-scale research and transparent models to enhance results and eliminate inequities.
Frequency and Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Candida Species Isolated from Clinical Samples of Patients Attending to a Tertiary Healthcare Setting in Karnataka, India
Authors: Ashraf Asem Ali , Karnaker Vimal Kumar , Ramanath Ganesh , Roy Anulekha , Raveendran Athira , Nag Sayantani
Published: February 2025

Context:

Candida species are common pathogens causing a range of infections from mucocutaneous to systemic. The increasing antifungal resistance among Candida species presents a substantial challenge in healthcare settings.

Aims:

This study examines the distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida species to provide insights into regional epidemiology and resistance.

Settings and Design:

A retrospective, observational, single-center study was conducted to analyze the distribution of Candida species in various clinical samples and their antifungal susceptibility patterns at Justice K. S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, a 1000-bed tertiary healthcare teaching hospital in Mangalore.

Subjects and Methods:

Candida identification was performed using automated identification systems, while antifungal susceptibility testing was done using the VITEK 2 AST YS08 system. Relevant clinical information from electronic medical records of all positively identified Candida species cases was reviewed and recorded.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20 was used to evaluate, code, verify, and statistically analyze the acquired data.

Results:

In total, 701 Candida isolates were identified, with C. albicans being the most common species (290, 41.4%). Among non-albicans Candida, C. tropicalis (209, 29.8%) was predominant, followed by C. parapsilosis (91, 13%), C. glabrata (32, 4.6%) and C. krusei (32, 4.6%). Resistance patterns showed C. krusei and Candida auris had the highest resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole. Sensitivity was highest for micafungin and caspofungin. Most patients had type 2 diabetes or hypertension as comorbidities.

Conclusions:

Resistance patterns varied by species, revealing differences from international studies. The results underscore the importance of ongoing local surveillance and epidemiological studies to monitor antifungal resistance. Understanding species distribution and resistance mechanisms is essential for effective treatment strategies and controlling invasive Candida infections. Enhanced local data can help in optimizing antifungal therapies and preventing resistance.
Evaluation of Newborn Hearing Screening Programs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Alanazi Ahmad A. , Alothman Noura I. , AlHarbi Mohammed F. , Alkhalaf Alanood , Almsened Alshima , Alzahrani Manar , Alsawaji Hana
Published: February 2025

Background:

Newborn hearing screening (NHS) programs were established globally to reduce the negative consequences of hearing loss. Limited information is available about NHS programs in Riyadh and Saudi Arabia generally. This study explored how NHS programs are conducted in healthcare settings for quality assurance.

Methods:

The concurrent triangulation mixed methods design was used to gather data from the supervisors of NHS programs who were invited to answer a questionnaire and set for a structured interview. The questionnaire consisted of two categories: the facility and test personnel, and the test protocol. The structured interview included two questions about these programs’ opportunities and challenges.

Results:

Data were collected from 24 participants who represented 11 public and 13 private healthcare facilities in Riyadh. The results showed that nurses were the most test personnel who were primarily trained by audiologists. Less than half of NHS programs were supervised by audiologists. The combination of otoacoustic emissions and automated auditory brainstem responses was the most used test protocol. More than half of newborns who failed the first NHS were referred to audiology clinics within a month of the first screening. Most test personnel were not trained on how to counsel parents. The interview resulted in one core category, three themes, and 15 subthemes. Low parental awareness about the NHS was identified, with suggestions to educate parents on the NHS before and after the screening. Not all insurance companies include NHS in all their insurance classes.

Conclusions:

Establishing a tracking system and standardizing test protocols with a surplus of test personnel and equipment were identified as areas for improvement. The Council of Health Insurance in Saudi Arabia is recommended to include NHS as a mandatory screening for all patients in the private sector, either covered by insurance or cash-pay patients.
Psychophysiological Biomarkers for the Effects of Yoga as an Alternative Therapy among Healthcare Professionals with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saleem Yusra , Noushad Shamoon , Ahmed Sadaf , Ansari Basit
Published: February 2025

Aims:

This trial investigates the effects of Sphinx Pose Yoga therapy on psychophysiological outcomes in healthcare professionals (HCPs) suffering from chronic low back pain (CLBP). By examining the changes in key biomarkers (Substance P, beta-endorphins, and cortisol), this study aims to compare yoga therapy to standard care in terms of improvement in pain intensity, disability, stress levels, and quality of life.

Settings and Design:

Koohi Goth Women’s Hospital, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Subjects and Methods:

A total of 221 HCPs (nurses and midwives) with CLBP were enrolled. Out of these, 140 were randomly assigned to either Group A (Sphinx Yoga therapy) or Group B (usual care) for 12 weeks. The study assessed pain relief, disability, quality of life (QoL), and physical stress using psychophysiological biomarkers, and social and physical parameters. Evaluations were conducted at baseline and postintervention (after 12 weeks) to measure the impact of the interventions.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Baseline data were analyzed using χ² tests and independent sample t-tests. Paired sample t-tests were used for pre- and postintervention comparisons. One-way analysis of variance identified differences between groups at follow-up, and analysis of covariance adjusted for potential confounders.

Results:

Our findings support the hypothesis that the Sphinx Yoga Pose reduces pain, disability, physical stress, and improves the QoL among HCPs with CLBP. A significant variation was observed in psychophysiological biomarkers, with a decline in substance P and cortisol levels and elevated β-endorphin levels among Group A subjects compared to those in Group B after 12 weeks of yoga therapy. The assessed parameters, disability, quality of life, and stress scores significantly improved post-intervention in Group A. No serious adverse events were reported during the study. Although some participants experienced minor and temporary discomfort during the initial sessions, these issues were manageable. Hence, no participant withdrew from the study due to these issues.

Conclusions:

Offering a 12-week Yoga therapy to HCPs with CLBP significantly reduced pain, increased functional ability, and improved QoL. Sphinx Yoga Pose emerged as an effective alternative therapy for managing CLBP among healthcare professionals.