bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tres nuevos testimonios epigráficos en el área de Lara de los Infantes (Burgos) = Three New Epigraphic Testimonies in the Area of Lara de los Infantes (Burgos)
Authors: Carcedo de Andrés Bruno Pedro
Published: November 2019

Este trabajo analiza tres nuevas inscripciones romanas de tipo funerario procedentes de la zona de Lara de los Infantes. En dos de ellos se presenta una expresión de identificación personal mediante doble idiónimo, algo característico del Valle del Duero y muy común en la epigrafía de este entorno y que permiten datarlas en el s. I d. C. El tercer testimonio epigráfico, es un interesante fragmento que ofrece una nueva constatación de Reburrus, un antropónimo hispánico escasamente representado en la zona de Lara de los Infantes. Son tres nuevos restos, en suma, procedentes de un entorno tan enormemente rico en hallazgos epigráficos como tradicionalmente falto de intervenciones que expliquen estos.AbstractThis work analyzes three new Roman funerary inscriptions from the area of Lara de los Infantes. In two of them there is an expression of personal identification through a double idionym, something characteristic of the Valley of the Duero, very common in the epigraphy of this area and something that allows to date them in the s. I d. C. The third inscription is an interesting fragment that offers a new verification of Reburrus, Hispanic anthroponym sparsely represented in the area of Lara de los Infantes. They are three new remains, altogether, coming from a zone so enormously rich in epigraphic findings as traditionally lacking in interventions that explain that.
Reseña de: Laham Cohen, Rodrigo, The Jews in Late Antiquity
Authors: Bermejo Rubio Fernando
Published: November 2019

Reseña de: Laham Cohen, Rodrigo, The Jews in Late Antiquity, Leeds, Arc Humanities Press, 2018, 106 pp., ISBN: 9781942401650
Reseña de: Álvarez Jiménez, David: Panem et circenses. Una historia de Roma a través del circo
Authors: Bailón García Marta
Published: November 2019

Reseña de: Álvarez Jiménez, David: Panem et circenses. Una historia de Roma a través del circo, Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 2018, 510 pp., con ilustraciones y figuras. ISBN: 978-84-0181-296-8.
Reseña de: Novillo López, Miguel Ángel, Julio César en Hispania
Authors: Arranz Santos Rebeca
Published: November 2019

Reseña de: Novillo López, Miguel Ángel, Julio César en Hispania.  Madrid, La Esfera de los libros, 2018. ISBN: 978-84-9164-369-2.El libro de Julio César en Hispania muestra una visión fresca e innovadora de una de las figuras más célebres de la historia de Roma. De la mano de Miguel Ángel Novillo López se redescubre la vida de un político, un general, un reformista y un intelectual. Esta obra aporta una argumentada y sugestiva historia del estadista paradigmático y conquistador romano convertido en mito, cuya insólita y espléndida carrera sigue aun causando intrigas y controversias. En sus páginas se recoge de manera pormenorizada los elementos de la presencia y de la obra cesariana en Hispania, razón por la que se han tenido en cuenta aspectos tan importantes como la composición de las oligarquías locales de las provincias hispanas, las relaciones de amicitia-clientela, el concepto de la situación social,  política y económica por parte de los provinciales, las batallas y sus consecuencias, así como el análisis del grado de aplicación de los modelos de gestión política y de promoción estatutaria. En definitiva, se abordan los procesos emprendidos por Julio César, analizando su repercusión y significado en la gestión de la península Ibérica concebida ésta como un territorio de ensayo jurídico-administrativo en la tardía República romana.
Humoral Factors From Musculoskeletal Polytrauma Patients Impair Antibacterial Responses Of Neutrophils In vitro
Authors: Stylianaki Aikaterini , Stanic Barbara , Morgenstern Mario , Richards Geoff R. , Moriarty Fintan T. , Thompson Keith
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Polytrauma is associated with increased risk of sepsis, but the risk for implant infection is less clear. Neutrophil antibacterial responses are significantly reduced in polytrauma patients (n= 9, ISS≥15) for at least 5 days compared to healthy controls. Reduced neutrophil activity could influence implant infection in addition to sepsis.
Electric-field-induced on–off switching of anomalous
Ettingshausen effect in ultrathin Co films
Authors: Nakayama Hiroyasu , Hirai Takamasa , Uzuhashi Jun , Iguchi Ryo , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Koyama Tomohiro , Chiba Daichi , Uchida Ken-ichi
Published: November 2019

We have investigated the electric field effect on magneto-thermoelectric
conversion in ultrathin Co films with a naturally-oxidized surface and a
solid-state capacitor structure. By means of the thermoelectric imaging
technique based on the lock-in thermography, we demonstrate the reversible
on–off switching of heat currents generated by the anomalous Ettingshausen
effect in response to the electric-field-induced magnetic phase transition in
the Co films. The electric-field-induced switching property is found to be tuned
by changing the Co thickness. Our finding will provide a method for
reconfigurable and pin-point switching of thermoelectric conversion properties
in spin-caloritronic devices.
Isolation and Characterization of Pectin from Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) Waste and Its Food Application
Authors: Maddakandage Dona Jayani Sandarani
Published: November 2019

Pectin was extracted using the method of acid hydrolysis followed by ethanol precipitation at various reaction conditions. Effect of blanching prior to acid hydrolysis, acid types (hydrochloric and citric) and extraction time and temperature combinations were tested to maximize the yield of pectin and they were characterized by assessing physiochemical and functional properties. The feasibility of utilizing extracted pectin in food applications was evaluated. The yield of pectin ranged from 7.30 ± 0.07- 11.04 ±0.01% on a dry weight basis. The results suggested that the highest pectin content is in the fresh pumpkin peel extracted using 0.1 N hydrochloric acid at 80±5℃, 1.25 pH for 1 hour. Water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and emulsifying activity index of pumpkin pectin were 2.5 g/g of pectin (SD 0.46), 1.76 g/g of pectin (SD 0.10) and 0.29 (SD 0.01) respectively. In addition, the degree of esterification, equivalent weight, methoxy content and galacturonic acid content of extracted pectin were 67.64% (SD 0.89%), 978.35 (SD 69.88), 6.55% (SD 0.37%) and 66.46% (SD 1.19%) respectively. Sensory analysis revealed that there is no significant difference in spreadability, surface texture and chewiness of two types of jam prepared using pumpkin and commercial pectin. In conclusion, pumpkin pectin can be categorized as high methoxy pectin.
Yield and Storage Performance of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes under in situ and ex-situ Conditions
Authors: Ddamulira G. , Kalali F. , Maphosa M.
Published: November 2019

Onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties grown in Uganda are anticipated to have different yield and storage potential. To determine the yield and storage performance of onion varieties, a field experiment was conducted at Namulonge in Uganda. The experiment constituted six onion varieties as treatments arranged in a completely randomized block design (RCBD) replicated thrice. During the cropping seasons, total and economic yield data was collected and analyzed. The total and economic yield of onions were found to be significantly (P= .05) influenced by varietal effects. Among the onion varieties, Bombay red East Africa provided the highest (4690 kg ha-1) yield while the control (local cultivar) yielded (770 kg ha-1) least. The highest economic yield (2867 kg ha-1) was realized from red creole variety while the lowest yield (687 kg ha-1) was obtained from the control. The economic yield of onions was also influenced by cropping seasons with the highest yield (2693 kg ha-1) obtained during 2017B. Although the control yielded least it had the longest shelf life because after 112 days of storage it had the lowest sprouting and rotting percentage (50%). These results are useful in guiding onion farmers in selecting varieties with high yield and storage potential.
Characteristics and Antibiogram Studies of Bacteria Associated with Vegetables Stored In Raffia Baskets in Nigeria
Authors: Ogbonna D. N. , Douglas S. I. , Inana M. E.
Published: November 2019

Raffia baskets are used in rural communities to preserve fresh vegetables for a given period of time. This method of storage is aimed at extending the shelf life of the vegetables until they are used. Thus, this study was aimed at determining the microbial succession during storage and susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from stored leafy vegetables to various antibiotics. Five (5) leafy vegetables namely, Bitter leaf (Vernomia anydalira), Water leaf (Talinum triangulare), Fluted pumpkin leaf, (Telfairia occidentalis), Okazi leaf (Gnetum africana) and Scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) were obtained from the Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute (NSPRI) farm, Port Harcourt. These vegetables were stored in a raffia basket for fourteen (14) days while another set of the vegetables were left in the open air as control. This set up was monitored for changes to occur.  Standard microbiological techniques were employed for the various analyses of the vegetable samples. Both cultural and molecular characterizations of the isolates were done. The disc diffusion method was used in determining the susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates. The results of the predominant microorganisms identified were of the genus; Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Bordetella, Staphylococcus, Myroides, Escherichia, Serratia, Micrococcus and Acetobacter.  Also, Bacillus species occurred in all the vegetables while Enterococcus faecalis, Acetobacter orientalis, Bordetella pertussis, Myroides xuanwuensis and Bacillus flexus were isolated on the third day of storage from the vegetables. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 1.8 x106 cfu/g to 1.25 x107 cfu/g (bitter leaf), 9x105 cfu/g to 9.0 x106 cfu/g (Scent leaf), 7 x105 cfu/g to 1.88 x107 cfu/g (Okazi), 3.2x106  cfu/g to 1.05x107 cfu/g (Fluted pumpkin leaf) and 8.4 x106 cfu/g to 2.04 x107 cfu/g (water leaf). Antibiogram of bacterial isolates revealed that they were resistant to Augmentin and Ceftazidime according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute schemes. Combination of the antibiotics showed that most of the isolates were 100% susceptible to ciprofloxacin + erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin + ceftriaxone. The study revealed that for all the vegetables, those stored in the basket lasted longer and were fresher compared to those kept in the open space. This study revealed that the raffia baskets are suitable for storage and preservation of leafy vegetables, but microbial succession occurred as a result of increase in the period of storage leading to the proliferation of microorganisms. This could be from aerosols or by chance inoculation, through handling or materials used or other microorganisms which are inherent in the vegetables because of their contact with the soil or water used in the washing of the leaves.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Biosurfactant-Producing Yeasts from Saps of Elaeis guineensis and Raphia africana
Authors: Nwaguma I. V. , Chikere C. B. , Okpokwasili G. C.
Published: November 2019

Aim: This study investigated the screening and molecular characterization of biosurfactant-producing yeasts from saps of Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) and Raphia Africana (Raphia palm).

Methodology: Physicochemical characteristics (pH, temperature, alcohol contents, and reducing sugars) of the saps of Elaeis guineensis and Raphia africana were determined. The capacity of the yeast isolates from both samples to produce biosurfactant was evaluated using emulsification index (E24), emulsification assay, haemolytic assay, oil displacement test, and tilted glass slide. The yeast isolates were identified based on their phenotypic, microscopic, biochemical, and molecular characteristics.

Results: Chemical analysis of the palm wine saps revealed respective pH, temperature, alcohol, and reducing sugars contents of 5.68, 17.1°C, 0.943% and 1.090 mg/mL for Elaeis guineensis and 5.26, 16.9°C, 0.884% and 2.099 mg/mL for Raphia africana. Six isolates (SA-2, SA-5, SB-3, SB-5, SB-6 and SB-8) out of sixteen isolates (16) distributed within both samples were found to produce biosurfactant. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internally transcribed spacer (ITS) genes classified the six isolates as Candida haemulonis SA2, Pichia kudriavzevii SA5, Pichia kudriavzevii SB3, Pichia kudriavzevii SB5, Pichia kudriavzevii SB6, and Pichia kudriavzevii SB8. The sequences obtained from the study have been deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers MN007219.1-MN007224.1. The result obtained from the study revealed high biosurfactant activity with a maximum E24 of 64.5% compared to E24 of 72% by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS).

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that saps from Elaeis guineensis and Raphia africana were suitable sources of biosurfactant-producing yeasts with high capacity for hydrocarbon emulsification. The main six biosurfactant-producing yeasts were found to belong to the genera Candida and Pichia.
O ESTUDO DA MEMÓRIA SOCIAL NA GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIA DA INFORMAÇÃO: Um relato de experiência
Authors: Massoni Luis Fernando Herbert , Oliveira Priscila Chagas , Silveira Andréa Reis da , Lima Marcia Heloisa Tavares de Figueredo
Published: November 2019

O presente trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência docente junto à disciplina Informação e Memória Social, do Departamento de Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. A disciplina é ofertada como matéria obrigatória no currículo do curso de graduação em Museologia e como eletiva nos currículos dos cursos de Arquivologia, Biblioteconomia, Jornalismo, Publicidade e Propaganda, Relações Públicas e História da Arte. Com base nessa experiência didática no decorrer do semestre 2017/2, descrevem-se os principais autores e conceitos estudados, a sistemática das aulas e a metodologia de avaliação aplicada aos discentes. O conteúdo programático inclui referências sobre memória, esquecimento, memória neurofisiológica, falsas memórias, memória coletiva, memória social, memória e história, direito à memória, memória institucional, memória virtual, nostalgia e noções sobre a dimensão política da memória e o patrimônio, sempre tendo em vista o papel das práticas informacionais nos processos mnemônicos. A partir dessa experiência, são apresentadas formas de se trabalhar os autores e as teorias do campo de estudo em Memória Social na área da Ciência da Informação, de modo a evidenciar as suas principais contribuições para a área, sempre buscando uma abordagem pedagógica atualizada aos nativos da era digital.
INFORMAÇÃO E MEMÓRIA NA PERSPECTIVA DA TEORIA ATOR-REDE
Authors: Sampaio Débora Adriano , Loureiro José Mauro Matheus
Published: November 2019

O presente artigo objetiva analisar o fenômeno informação como elemento constitutivo da memória social, tendo como base a perspectiva antropológica da Teoria Ator-Rede (Actor Network Theory). Trata-se, ainda, de refletir acerca dos componentes que formam a rede de atores e “actantes” como elementos constitutivos da memória social, considerando os pressupostos teóricos da ciência da informação. As reflexões iniciais sobre as interações no interior dos coletivos humanos e não-humanos permitiram a Latour considerar que estas trazem consigo vinculações capazes de causar mudanças, sobre as quais os distintos elementos nelas presentes se articulam, se afetam e são afetados. Assim, sistemas, objetos, organizações, relações constituídas na vida social confundem-se nesse panorama de interação, sem que um defina o outro, embora podendo atuar um sobre o outro, produzindo, dessa forma, informações que, imbricadas de significados, podem, no devir, serem analisadas como memória. Buscamos discutir como a ANT possibilita um olhar transversal à inter-relação informação/memória social, considerando o contexto teórico amplo, complexo e multifacetado em que se apresentam. Visamos, por fim, possibilitar o desenvolvimento das investigações sobre a dinâmica que envolve informação e memória, desafiando as discussões atuais e buscando outros sentidos e significados.
Smart Thermal Management Textiles with Anisotropic and Thermoresponsive Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Peng Linghui , Fan Weiren , Li Di , Wang Shufen , Liu Zichuan , Yu Aibing , Jiang Xuchuan
Published: November 2019

Outdoor heat stress can cause health hazards for workers and reduce labor productivity, thus leading to an annual burden of US $6.2 billion for the Australian workforce. Because the outdoor temperature fluctuates within a day, self‐regulating textiles are urgently needed to keep the temperature of the human body stable. Smart textiles are able to sense their surrounding environment and can respond by adapting their behaviors accordingly. However, there are a number of challenges in utilizing functional materials to achieve smart thermal radiation management for outdoor comfort and energy saving without using an external power supply. Here, a smart textile with thermal radiation management is designed by combining vanadium dioxide (VO2) and silver (Ag) strips on polyester (PET). This well‐designed VO2/Ag–PET exhibits high thermal management efficiency with a decrease of 13.9 °C at in‐box temperature under intense radiation while remaining transparent to thermal radiation at low temperature. Moreover, the VO2/Ag–PET shows good thermoresponsive and anisotropic electrical conductivity. In addition, it maintains 95% of its performance after bending. The proposed VO2/Ag–PET textile has the potential to be used for thermal management, for wearable and flexible communication devices, and for energy saving applications.
The Emergence of Plant Nanobionics and Living Plants as Technology
Authors: Lew Tedrick Thomas Salim , Koman Volodymyr B. , Gordiichuk Pavlo , Park Minkyung , Strano Michael S.
Published: November 2019

Plants are naturally abundant and display high sensitivity to ecological factors to thrive in diverse environmental conditions. As sessile organisms, they have evolved complex, internal, and interplant signaling pathways with distinct structures to promptly adjust to the constantly changing environment. In the past five years, the unique ways in which they exchange information with and function in the environment have inspired an emerging field of plant nanobionics, which describes the interface between living plants and nanotechnology to impart the former with novel and useful functions. The structural merits of plant organs and organelles have also inspired the creation of plant‐derived structures through biointerfacing with nanoparticles containing electronic and optical properties. Here, the emerging applications and vision of plant nanobionics are highlighted together with related plant‐inspired materials in potentially replacing the myriad devices in the everyday lives stamped out of plastic, containing circuit boards and consuming power from the electrical grid. Applications in environmental sensing, communication devices, and energy harvesting and conversion are comprehensively discussed.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Regioselective [4+2] Annulation/Lactonization of Benzamides with 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐Alkynoates under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Muniraj Nachimuthu , Kumar Anil , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: November 2019

A cobalt‐catalyzed regioselective [4+2] annulation/lactonization reaction of benzamides with 4‐hydroxy‐2‐alkynoates is reported. This reaction utilizes air as an oxidant rather than metal salts. The method is operationally simple, mild, and sustainable. This protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope and compatible with a variety of functional groups furnishing the corresponding 1,4‐dihydrofuro[3,4‐c]isoquinoline‐3,5‐dione derivatives in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity.

magnified image
Regioselective Iron‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Propargylic Bromides and Aryl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Manjón‐Mata Inés , Quirós M. Teresa , Buñuel Elena , Cárdenas Diego J.
Published: November 2019

An iron‐catalysed Kumada‐type cross‐coupling reaction between aryl substituted propargylic bromides and arylmagnesium reagents has been developed. Propargylic coupling products were the main or only outcome, and propargyl/allene regioselectivity was shown to depend on the electronic nature of the substituents on the triple bond of the substrate and on the arylmagnesium halide. Best selectivities were observed when electron donating substituents were present in either reagent. The process is stereoespecific, occurs with configuration inversion and no carbon‐based radicals seem to be involved in the mechanism.

magnified image
Measuring Human Water Needs
Authors: Wutich Amber , Rosinger Asher Y. , Stoler Justin , Jepson Wendy , Brewis Alexandra
Published: November 2019

Water connects the environment, culture, and biology, yet only recently has it emerged as a major focus for research in human biology. To facilitate such research, we describe methods to measure biological, environmental, and perceptual indicators of human water needs. This toolkit provides an overview of methods for assessing different dimensions of human water need, both well‐established and newly‐developed. These include: (a) markers of hydration (eg, urine specific gravity, doubly labeled water) important for measuring the impacts of water need on human biological functioning; (b) methods for measuring water quality (eg, digital colorimeter, membrane filtration) essential for understanding the health risks associated with exposure to microbiological, organic, metal, inorganic nonmental, and other contaminants; and (c) assessments of household water insecurity status that track aspects of unmet water needs (eg, inadequate water service, unaffordability, and experiences of water insecurity) that are directly relevant to human health and biology. Together, these methods can advance new research about the role of water in human biology and health, including the ways that insufficient, unsafe, or insecure water produces negative biological and health outcomes.
Narrow molecular weight margins for the thermogelling property of polyester–polyether block copolymers in aqueous solutions
Authors: Garner John , Hadar Justin , Skidmore Sarah , Jessmon Faye , Immel Rebecca , Tyler Amie , Park Kinam
Published: November 2019

Polyester–polyether block copolymers with thermogelling properties have been widely used in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications for their biocompatibility and degradation to nontoxic components. The biodegradable polymers, such as poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) and poly(lactide‐co‐caprolactone) (PLCL), have been used as the polyester block. The most commonly used polyether has been poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The thermogelling polymers dissolve in cold water, but become a semisolid gel at higher temperatures, for example, body temperature. This thermogelling property, however, occurs only within very narrow molecular weight ranges of the polyester at given polyether blocks. Only a few hundred Dalton differences in the polyester block can turn a thermogelling polymer into a water‐insoluble polymer. This study describes the hydrophilic and hydrophobic block sizes for endowing the thermogelling property and a simple, water‐free, synthesis of new thermogelling PLCL–PEG–PLCL triblock polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48673.
Carbon nanotube localization at interface in cocontinuous blends of polyethylene and polycarbonate
Authors: Nishikawa Riho , Tamaki Kakeharu , Notoya Osamu , Yamaguchi Masayuki
Published: November 2019

A new technique to show good electroconductivity was proposed using carbon nanotube (CNT) localization in cocontinuous immiscible polymer blends comprising ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polycarbonate (PC). When UHMWPE was added to PC/CNT in the molten state in an internal mixer, CNTs started moving to the UHMWPE phase. However, CNTs require a long time to diffuse into the UHMWPE phase owing to a low diffusion constant. Consequently, they remain at the interface between PC and UHMWPE. When the blends have cocontinuous structure, the localized CNTs at the phase boundary act as a conductive path, leading to a good electroconductivity. Although a similar morphology is obtained by adjusting the balance of interfacial tensions among polymers and CNT, it is difficult to find a system showing appropriate interfacial tensions. As the present method is applicable to various polymer blends, it will be an important technique to prepare a conductive nanocomposite. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48676.
Investigation of mechanical properties of graphene decorated with graphene quantum dot‐reinforced epoxy nanocomposite
Authors: George Manuel , Mohanty Akash
Published: November 2019

In this investigation, the mechanical properties such as compression, impact, and flexural properties of graphene decorated with graphene quantum dots (GDGQD) epoxy composites with concentration of GDGQD ranging from 0.25 to 1 wt % were studied. Ideal mechanical properties are obtained by systematically varying the filler weight in the epoxy matrix. The morphological studies of GDGQD have been characterized using transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared technique. The compression, impact, and flexural strengths were enhanced effectively by the GDGQD loading. With the addition of 0.75 wt % of GDGQD, the compressive strength, compressive modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the composites were improved by 22, 29, 31, and 63%, respectively. Also an improvement in impact strength of 102% for 0.75 wt % GDGQD epoxy sample was also obtained. Examination of fractured test specimens was performed with scanning electron microscope. The enhancement in the mechanical properties is due to the better stress transfer that is attributed by enhanced interfacial bonding between GDGQDs and the epoxy. Using the GDGQD aspect ratio in the two‐dimensional randomly oriented filler modified Halpin–Tsai model, the theoretical flexural modulus for the GDGQD/epoxy composites has been established. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48680.
A novel treatment strategy using indocyanine green for transarterial chemoembolization in BCLC stage C hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mei Jie , Li Shao‐Hua , Wang Qiao‐Xuan , Zhong Xiao‐Ping , Lu Liang‐He , Kan Anna , Wei Wei , Guo Rong‐Ping
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The aim of our study was to propose a strategy based on indocyanine green (ICG) (SBI) to provide better clinical guidelines for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatments for Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

Materials and Methods

From October 2005 to December 2012, 112 BCLC stage C HCC patients initially treated with TACE were investigated, randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 79) and validation cohort (n = 33). In training group, the patients were grouped based on their 15 minutes ICG retention rate (ICG R15), different chemo drugs and dose of lipidol in TACE. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were analyzed in subgroups. Strategy based on ICG was built and verified in validation group.

Results

For those patients with ICG R15 values >10%, the lipiodol ≤10 mL group showed better survival than the lipiodol >10 mL group. For those patients with ICG R15 values ≤10%, the group that received triple‐drug chemotherapy treatments with lipiodol diameter ratio values between 1 and 3 showed better survival than the other group. Patients who conformed with the SBI had better survival times than those who did not conform with the SBI, in both the training cohort (median OS 10.3 vs 5.1 months; P < .001; median PFS, 3.3 vs 2.1 months; P = .006) and the validation cohort (median OS 8.9 vs 7.1 months; P = .087; median PFS, 6.6 vs 2.3 months; P < .001).

Conclusions

The SBI is suitable and may provide survival benefits for TACE treatments in BCLC stage C HCC patients.
Considerations for treating trauma in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Cragin Casey A.
Published: November 2019

Trauma exposure is more common than many people realize. About 70% of Americans are exposed to at least one potentially traumatic event by age 18. Common traumatic events include abuse (e.g., physical, emotional, or sexual), neglect, violence (e.g., domestic, school, community, or political), accidents, and natural disasters. Scary or painful medical procedures and the sudden or violent death of loved ones can also be traumatic events. Traumatic events, as well as other adverse childhood events (ACEs) like parental separation, alcoholism, mental illness, or incarceration, are associated with negative outcomes related to health behavior, chronic medical conditions, life potential, and mortality.
Familial trauma and immigration: A case study from the Brown Human Rights Asylum Clinic
Authors: Zhou Belinda , Haleem Heba , Hoffen Jessica , Jean‐Charles Skenda , Zero Odette , Arena Andrea
Published: November 2019

Rosa's (Note: All names have been changed to protect privacy) daughter was 8 years old when she told her mother, “I'm not going to stay one more day in this house.” For years, Rosa and her two daughters were subjected to domestic abuse. Shortly after her daughter said that very statement, Rosa realized they would never be safe until she left her husband's home. Rosa packed her daughters' things and left that morning.
Keep Your Eye On…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2019

The increase in suicide attempts among black youth

Research that will look at affective dysregulation and irritability

Lack of evidence for deciding which OUD medication is best for youth
Doxorubicin‐associated takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a patient with adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Mubarak Ghassan , Haddadin Michael , Samra Bachar , Luhrs Carol , Taiwo Evelyn
Published: November 2019

This case highlights the first reported association of doxorubicin with takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) presenting as cardiogenic shock during the first continuous infusion in a patient with adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma. We aim to raise awareness to recognize and distinguish between irreversible doxorubicin‐associated cardiomyopathy and reversible doxorubicin‐associated TC in patients with cancer.
Changes in Active Sites on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Catalysts Under Oxygen Reduction Reaction: A Combined Post‐Reaction Characterization and DFT Study
Authors: Jain Deeksha , Zhang Qiang , Hightower Jonathan , Gustin Vance , Asthagiri Aravind , Ozkan Umit S.
Published: November 2019

Nitrogen‐doped carbon nanostructures (CNx) have been shown to be promising catalysts to replace Pt‐based materials for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in PEM fuel cell cathodes. This work reports the use of a combination of post‐reaction X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) aimed at examining changes to the nitrogen species in CNx after potential application in an oxygen saturated acidic electrolyte. The results hence obtained reveal interesting changes to the pyridinic, quaternary and pyridinic N+O− binding energy envelopes as a result of protonation of sites and formation of ORR intermediates after the CNx electrodes were subjected to electrochemical potential holds in the kinetic and mass transfer limited regimes of the ORR cyclic voltammogram of the catalyst.
Underpotential Deposition of Copper Clusters on Sulfur and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Graphite Foam for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xu Jingsong , Li Rui , Zeng Rongguang , Li Yingru , Pan Qifa , Zhong Hang , Chen Jun
Published: November 2019

In this study, we successfully fabricated approximately 1 nm copper clusters on sulfur and nitrogen co‐doped graphite foam (SNGF) by using an electrodeposition method. The introduction of sulfur dopants enhances the metal‐support interaction and, thus, allows the application of the underpotential deposition (UPD) technique on graphite foam. Furthermore, the strong S−Cu binding leads to the preferential formation and firm anchoring of Cu nuclei on monodispersed S sites. The controllable growth of Cu nuclei into Cu clusters is achieved by controlling the deposition amount by adjusting the electrochemical parameters. As an example, the supported Cu clusters were utilized towards oxygen reduction reaction catalysis, exhibiting a high catalytic activity and a long‐term durability. Remarkably, this strategy is promising for developing a general method to prepare other metal clusters (e. g. Ag clusters).
Analytical methodologies for the enantiodetermination of citalopram and its metabolites
Authors: Budău Monica , Hancu Gabriel , Rusu Aura , Muntean Daniela Lucia
Published: November 2019

Citalopram (CIT) is a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) frequently used in the treatment of major depressive disorders. It has a chiral centre in its structure and is used in therapy both as a racemic mixture (R,S‐CIT) and a pure enantiomer (S‐CIT). The differences between the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles of the two enantiomers are well established. Consequently, the development of new efficient chiral analysis methods for their enantiomeric separation is a topic of great actuality. CIT metabolism is stereoselective as it is metabolized in chiral active metabolites, which retain considerable SSRI activity and contribute to the pharmacological effect. Chiral analytical methods are employed for the determination of enantiomeric ratio in pharmaceutical preparations and for monitoring the enantiomer levels in biological samples for therapeutic and toxicologic purposes. The current study reviews the published literature for the chiral analysis of CIT and its metabolites based on chromatographic and electrophoretic methods coupled with UV, fluorescence and mass spectrometry detectors.
Chemical Bonds and Periodic System: The Use of didactically refined periodic systems (PSE3 – Periodic System on 3 levels and the Periodic Table of the basic particles and forces) in lesson
Authors: Kremer Matthias , Bee Ulrich
Published: November 2019

Während das wissenschaftliche Periodensystem der Elemente eine Tabelle der Atomarten darstellt, gibt es für den Chemieunterricht auch didaktisch aufbereitete Periodensysteme, die zusätzlich Informationen über die Verknüpfung von Atomen bzw. Ionen zu Molekülen oder Gittern enthalten. Sie ermöglichen die Thematisierung der chemischen Bindung in systemischer Weise von Anfang an. Damit der Einsatz der beiden vorgeschlagenen Periodensysteme ohne gedankliche Brüche geschehen kann, enthält der Artikel eine Übersicht über alle unterrichtsrelevanten Begriffe und Definitionen der Basiskonzepte Stoff – Teilchen und Struktur – Eigenschaften strukturiert nach den drei Erklärungsebenen und mit zunehmender Eindringtiefe. Daneben wird ein Vorschlag zur Terminologie bei Grundbegriffen wie Stoff, Element, Verbindung unterbreitet, der das Begriffssystem transparenter machen soll.
Genetic association between plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 rs1799889 polymorphism and venous thromboembolism: Evidence from a comprehensive meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Guangbin , Wang Pan , Li Tao , Deng Xuejun
Published: November 2019

Background

Association between plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) rs1799889 polymorphism and venous thromboembolism (VTE) were explored by many previous studies, yet the findings of these studies were conflicting.

Hypothesis

PAI‐1 rs1799889 polymorphism may serve as a genetic marker of VTE. We aimed to better clarify the relationship between PAI‐1 rs1799889 polymorphism and VTE in a larger combined population by performing a meta‐analysis.

Methods

Literatures were searched in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). We used Review Manager to combine the results of individual studies.

Results

Forty‐eight studies involving 14 806 participants were eligible for inclusion. Combined results revealed that PAI‐1 rs1799889 polymorphism was significantly associated with VTE in Caucasians (dominant comparison: odds ratio [OR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09‐1.32; recessive comparison: OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76‐0.94; allele comparison: OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02‐1.15) and East Asians (dominant comparison: OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.17‐2.19; allele comparison: OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.21‐1.93). Further analyses obtained similar significant associations in these with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and these with Factor V Leiden mutation.

Conclusions

Our findings supported that PAI‐1 rs1799889 polymorphism may serve as one of the predisposing factors of VTE in both Caucasians and East Asians, especially in these with DVT and these with Factor V Leiden mutation.
dTACC restricts bouton addition and regulates microtubule organization at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction
Authors: Chou Vivian T. , Johnson Seth , Long Jennifer , Vounatsos Maxime , Van Vactor David
Published: November 2019

Regulation of the synaptic cytoskeleton is essential to proper neuronal development and wiring. Perturbations in neuronal microtubules (MTs) are associated with numerous pathologies, yet it remains unclear how changes in MTs may be coupled to synapse morphogenesis. Studies have identified many MT regulators that promote synapse growth. However, less is known about the factors that restrict growth, despite the potential links of synaptic overgrowth to severe neurological conditions. Here, we report that dTACC, which is implicated in MT assembly and stability, prevents synapse overgrowth at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction by restricting addition of new boutons throughout larval development. dTACC localizes to the axonal MT lattice and is required to maintain tubulin levels and the integrity of higher‐order MT structures in motor axon terminals. While previous reports have demonstrated the roles of MT‐stabilizing proteins in promoting synapse growth, our findings suggest that in certain contexts, MT stabilization may correlate with restricted growth.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Tertiary Amides of Salinomycin and Their C20‐oxo Analogues
Authors: Czerwonka Dominika , Urbaniak Alicja , Sobczak Szymon , Piña‐Oviedo Sergio , Chambers Timothy C. , Antoszczak Michał , Huczyński Adam
Published: November 2019

The polyether ionophore salinomycin (SAL) has captured much interest because of its potent activity against cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Our previous studies have indicated that C1/C20 double‐modification of SAL is a useful strategy to generate diverse agents with promising biological activity profiles. Thus, herein we describe the synthesis of a new class of SAL analogues that combine key modifications at the C1 and C20 positions. The activity of the obtained SAL derivatives was evaluated using primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia, human breast adenocarcinoma and normal mammary epithelial cells. One single‐ [N,N‐dipropyl amide of salinomycin (5 a)] and two novel double‐modified analogues [N,N‐dipropyl amide of C20‐oxosalinomycin (5 b) and piperazine amide of C20‐oxosalinomycin (13 b)] were found to be more potent toward the MDA‐MB‐231 cell line than SAL or its C20‐oxo analogue 2. When select analogues were tested against the NCI‐60 human tumor cell line panel, 4 a [N,N‐diethyl amide of salinomycin] showed particular activity toward the ovarian cancer cell line SK‐OV‐3. Additionally, both SAL and 2 were found to be potent ex vivo against human ER/PR+, Her2− invasive mammary carcinoma, with 2 showing minimal toxicity toward normal epithelial cells. The present findings highlight the therapeutic potential of SAL derivatives for select targeting of different cancer types.
Direct Synthesis of Microporous Bicarbazole‐Based Covalent Triazine Frameworks for High‐Performance Energy Storage and Carbon Dioxide Uptake
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , EL‐Mahdy Ahmed F. M. , Ahmed Mahmoud M. M. , Kuo Shiao‐Wei
Published: November 2019

In this study a series of bicarbazole‐based covalent triazine frameworks (Car‐CTFs) were synthesized under ionothermal conditions from [9,9'‐bicarbazole]‐3,3',6,6'‐tetracarbonitrile (Car‐4CN) in the presence of molten zinc chloride. Thermogravimetric and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller analyses revealed that these Car‐CTFs possessed excellent thermal stabilities and high specific surface areas (ca. 1400 m2/g). The electrochemical performances of this Car‐CTF series, investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, showed a highest capacitance of (545 F/g at 5 mV/s), which also exhibited excellent columbic efficiencies of 96.1 % after 8000 cycles at 100 μA/0.5 cm2. The other Car‐CTF samples displayed similar efficiencies. Furthermore, based on CO2 uptake measurements, one of the series showed the highest CO2 uptake capacities: 3.91 and 7.60 mmol/g at 298 and 273 K, respectively. These results suggest a simple method for the preparation of CTF materials that provide excellent electrochemical and CO2 uptake performance.
Evaluating the boundaries of marine biogeographic regions of the Southwestern Atlantic using halacarid mites (Halacaridae), meiobenthic organisms with a low dispersal potential
Authors: Pepato Almir R. , Vidigal Teofânia H. D. A. , Klimov Pavel B.
Published: November 2019

Aim

We evaluated traditional biogeographic boundaries of coastal marine regions in Southwestern Atlantic using DNA sequence data from common, rocky‐shore inhabiting, marine mites of the genera Agauopsis and Rhombognathus, family Halacaridae.

Methods

We investigated geographic population genetic structure using CO1 gene sequences, estimated divergence times using a multigene dataset and absolute time‐calibrated molecular clock analyses, and performed environmental niche modeling (ENM) of common marine mite species.

Results

Agauopsis legionium has a shallow history (2.01 Ma) with four geographically differentiated groups. Two of them corresponded to the traditional Amazonian and Northeastern ecoregions, but the boundary between the two other groups was inferred at the Abrolhos Plateau, not Cabo Frio. Rhombognathus levigatoides s. lat. was represented by two cryptic species that diverged 7.22 (multilocus data) or 10.01 Ma (CO1‐only analyses), with their boundary, again at the Abrolhos Plateau. ENM showed that A. legionium has suitable habitats scattered along the coast, while the two R. levigatoides cryptic species differ considerably in their niches, especially in parameters related to upwelling. This indicates that genetic isolation associated with the Abrolhos Plateau occurred in both lineages, but for the R. levigatoides species complex, ecological niche specialization was also an important factor.

Main conclusions

Our study suggests that the major biogeographic boundary in the Southwestern Atlantic lies not at Cabo Frio but at the Abrolhos Plateau. There two biogeographically relevant factors meet (a) changes in current directions (which limit dispersal) and (b) abrupt changes in environmental parameters associated with the South Atlantic Central Waters (SACW) upwelling (offering distinct ecological niches). We suggest that our result represents a general biogeographic pattern because a barrier at the Abrolhos Plateau was found previously for the fish genus Macrodon (phylogeographic data), prosobranch mollusks, ascidians, and reef fishes (community‐level data).
Physical State of β‐Carotene at High Concentrations in a Solid Triglyceride Matrix
Authors: Schjoerring‐Thyssen Jakob , Olsen Karsten , Koehler Klaus , Jouenne Eric , Larsen Flemming Hofmann , Andersen Mogens L.
Published: November 2019

The highly hydrophobic β‐carotene is often distributed or dissolved in triglycerides to enhance either nutritional or coloring effects. This study aims at elucidating the physical state of β‐carotene that at high concentrations are mixed into a solid high‐melting tri‐glyceride matrix by dissolution at high temperatures (165 °C) in the melted triglyceride. Extensive isomerization of β‐carotene is observed by HPLC after melting crystalline all‐trans β‐carotene and in the solid mixtures of β‐carotene and fully hydrogenated sunflower oil. Crystalline triglyceride is found in the mixed samples by XRPD analysis whereas no signs of crystalline lattice structures of β‐carotene are detected. DSC thermograms show only the melting and recrystallization events of triglycerides, which are affected by the presence of β‐carotene. Severe line broadening is observed in the 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra of the β‐carotene‐triglyceride mixtures when compared to crystalline β‐carotene, demonstrating the lack of long‐range order of the carotene. Altogether, the results demonstrate that β‐carotene is present as an amorphous mixture of trans‐ and cis‐isomers dispersed into a structure of crystalline triglyceride in the solid carotene‐triglyceride mixtures.

Practical applications: The amorphous structure of trans‐ and cis‐isomers in solid formulations of β‐carotene‐triglyceride mixtures will strongly affect their functional properties related to nutrition and color as food ingredients.
Iodide reaction times of peroxyhemiacetals (PHAs) in the peroxide value titration; implications for the testing of citrus oils
Authors: Calandra Michael J. , Wang Ying , Beckett Courtney
Published: November 2019

Limonene and linalool are major components in many essential oils, and both may autoxidize under certain conditions to form terpene hydroperoxides (THPs), which are reported to be sensitizers that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. This laboratory previously reported that peroxyhemiacetals (PHAs) may be present in some citrus oils, formed by reaction of THPs with endogenous aldehydes. It was also shown that PHAs can dissociate back to the corresponding THPs in polar solvation environments. Because of this potential for reversion to THPs, the analysis of PHAs is important in the context of measuring peroxide values in products. The fragrance industry currently utilizes iodometric titration to monitor THP levels in many raw materials; the currently accepted method requires that THPs in the sample are allowed to oxidize excess added iodide to molecular iodine for a one‐minute reaction time. The iodine generated is then titrated with thiosulfate to give the peroxide value. This paper reports on the iodide reaction time required for PHAs to be quantitatively measured by such an iodometric titration technique, and on the implications to citrus oil raw material testing.
Unintended consequences of health insurance: Affordable Care Act's free contraception mandate and risky sex
Authors: Willage Barton
Published: November 2019

Health insurance is a primary driver of rising medical expenditures. Economic theory suggests that insurance induces an increase in risky behaviors, but previous empirical evidence is mixed. I use a mandate in the Affordable Care Act in which contraceptives were covered at zero cost to consumers to test for unintended effects of insurance on risky sex. Leveraging mandated zero cost‐sharing for contraception and pre‐policy insured rates as a measure of treatment intensity, I provide evidence that this 2012 policy reduced fertility but caused unintended consequences: a decline in condom use and a subsequent increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs). I discuss shortcomings of controlling for nonparallel pre‐trends using state‐trends, and I suggest an alternative to control for pre‐trends directly in the context of dose‐response difference‐in‐differences. Finally, estimates based on the 2010 dependent coverage mandate indicate health insurance provides an overall net positive effect on insurance and STI prevention.