bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Temperature on the Graphitizability and Electrochemical Properties of a Quang Ninh Natural Anthracite Used As Anode in Li/Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Le Phung , Le Kha Minh , Doan Thuy Vo Bien , Nguyen Hoang Van , Tran Man V.
Published: July 2022

Abstract

In this research, natural anthracite coal (ATC) originated from Vang Danh - Quang Ninh province in Viet Nam was firstly chemically purified and then calcined in inert gas (Ar) at 800 oC for different periods (t = 2, 3 and 6 h) to remove all the impurities and enrich the carbon content. The purity and graphitized structure of treated coal proved significantly while evaluating its structural parameters (the lateral crystallite size - La, stacking crystallite height - Lc, the average number of layers per carbon crystallite - Naverage, and the average number of carbon atoms per aromatic lamellae - n)1, 2 and morphology. After purification step, ATC possesses relatively high carbon content (96.0%) and its impurities were mostly removed. The structure of heat-treated ATC samples is like hard carbon. Besides, its graphene interlayer spacing is larger than that of graphite. These features seem to be potential for application of ATC as negative electrode materials for both Li and Na rechargeable batteries.

In batteries testing, using ATC calcined at 800 oC for 3 hours as anode material in lithium half-cell exhibited a quite good specific capacity (170.1 mAh g-1), which is much higher than the value obtained for commercial hard carbon (162.2 mAh g-1). Moreover, Coulombic efficiency of ATC is almost absolute (99.8%). In sodium half-cell, the sample calcined at 800 oC for 2 hours gave much smaller specific capacity of 130.5 mAh g-1 than hard carbon one (280 mAh g-1). Nevertheless, Coulombic efficiency of ATC anode in lithium half-cell and sodium half-cell throughout 100 cycles remained absolutely at 99.6%, while their values for hard carbon anode were 99.9% and 99.7%, respectively.

References

Abou-Rjeily, J.; Laziz, N. A.; Autret-Lambert, C.; Outzourhit, A.; Sougrati, M.-T.; Ghamouss, F., Towards valorizing natural coals in sodium-ion batteries: impact of coal rank on energy storage. Scientific Reports
2020,
10 (1), 1-10.

Manoj, B.; Kunjomana, A., Study of stacking structure of amorphous carbon by X-ray diffraction technique. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci
2012,
7 (4), 3127-34.

Acknowledgement

This work is supported by Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM) under grant number B2020-18-06
(Invited) Surface Functionalization of Graphene Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Bouilly Delphine , Béraud Anouk , Bazan Claudia M. , Bencherif Amira , Sauvage Madline
Published: July 2022

Graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) present beneficial features for their application as biomolecular or chemical sensors. Due to their atomically-thin 2D dimensionality, their high electrical conductance is particularly sensitive to small changes in the distribution of charged species near the graphene surface. Taking advantage of this property, GFET sensors have been designed to report the detection or quantitation of various types of biologically-relevant molecular analytes such as nucleic acids, proteins, ions or small molecules. By analyzing data from published literature on GFET bioanalytical sensors, we have recently shown that the detection metrics of such sensors vary enormously between studies, and argued that this variance is mainly driven by disparities in the bio-recognition interface [1]. Indeed, the selectivity of GFET sensors must be engineered, typically by covering the graphene surface with biological molecules having a specific affinity for the chosen analyte (e.g. antibodies to capture the corresponding antigen, ssDNA to capture its complementary sequence). Yet, the coverage, orientation, stability and interactions between immobilized probes, blocking species and captured analytes are often not well known or controlled. In this presentation, I will discuss our efforts to understand and regulate the surface functionalization of graphene field-effect transistors. Using electrical conductance measurements and Raman spectroscopy, I will characterize the response of devices to both covalent chemistry, using aryldiazonium reagents, and non-covalent chemistry, using pyrene derivatives. I will describe our recent developments in controlling these functionalization routes, and compare their use for further bioconjugation with molecular probes for bioanalytical purposes.

[1] A. Béraud, M. Sauvage, C. M. Bazán, M. Tie, A. Bencherif and D. Bouilly. Graphene Field-Effect Transistors as Bioanalytical Sensors: Design, Operation and Performance. Analyst
146, 403-428 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN01661F
(Invited) CRISPR-Cas9-Based Cancer Therapy Delivery By Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Naumov Anton V.
Published: July 2022

Gene therapeutics is a rapidly developing field promising critical advances in finding new vaccines and treatments, as well as genetic adjustments to plants and animal species. This novel area of science may generate treatment pathways for complex diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s or sickle cell anemia that can not be easily treated by conventional therapies. Recently developed CRISPR technology can help address these issues, having a power to perform treatment targeted to specific disease mechanisms with little to no adverse effects to the healthy tissue.

Many gene therapies require intracellular delivery, and their efficacy can be highly influenced by the choice of the delivery vehicle. Due to their near-infrared fluorescence capabilities and large payload carrying capacity, carbon nanomaterials can be appropriate candidates for this role. Our work utilizes graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as delivery vehicles for several CRISPR-Cas9-based formulations specifically designed to edit out genes related to immortalization and uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Both of these nanomaterials exhibit visible and near-infrared fluorescence capabilities sufficient for in vitro and in vivo imaging, and, when bound to CRISPR-Cas9 system, are not only expected to transport the therapeutic, but also trace its delivery pathways. In order to warrant more efficient complexation with CRISPR-Cas9 system, GQDs are synthesized bottom-up from cationic polymers and characterized to exhibit stable fluorescence and high biocompatibility at ~1 mg/mL in vitro. Payload attachment is assessed microscopically and reflected by Zeta potential variation upon complexation. Both resulting nanomaterials-delivered formulations show successful target gene scission and intracellular tracking of the gene therapeutic via intrinsic nanomaterial fluorescence. The end goal of this work is to edit out and/or correct aberrant genes in cancer cells making them more susceptible to conventional treatment pathways, thus, ultimately helping improve cancer survival rates.
(Invited) Unraveling Somatodendritic Dopamine Release Using Dopafilm, a Two-Dimensional Chemi-Sensitive Substrate for Real-Time Measurement of Neurochemical Efflux
Authors: Beyene Abraham G.
Published: July 2022

Neurons communicate through chemical signaling molecules that may diffuse beyond their point of release in axon terminals and modulate the activity of larger neuronal networks in a process known as volume transmission. Molecules such as dopamine belong to this class of diffusive neurotransmitters. In addition to canonical release from axonal arbors, somatodendritic dopamine release constitutes an important signaling mechanism for dopamine neurons. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics as well as regulatory mechanisms of somatodendritic release have not been adequately explored, and it is not clear if release arises from soma or dendrites. These gaps in our understanding of somatodendritic dopamine efflux are driven in large part by the inability of current assays to measure neurochemical effluxes at requisite spatial and temporal scales. To address this, we developed DopaFilm, a 2-dimensional chemi-sensitive surface on which primary dopamine neuron cultures can be grown. DopaFilm is developed by drop-casting a solution of single strand DNA functionalized single wall carbon nanotube-based catecholamine sensors (NIRcat) onto glass substrates and passivating the surfaces with poly-lysine. DopaFilm enabled recording of dopamine efflux with exquisite sub-cellular resolution and millisecond temporal resolution. When deployed in perikaryal of dopamine neurons, DopaFilm reveals that somatodendritic effluxes of dopamine primary arise from dendrites and not from the soma. Coupled with immunofluorescence and super resolution imaging, our work affords explorations of the regulatory mechanism of dendritic dopamine release, as well as shed light on the spatiotemporal dynamics and heterogeneities associated with dendritic release.
(Invited) Carbon Nanotube Tracking Reveal the Landscapes of the Brain Extracellular Space Around Synapses and in Pathological Conditions
Authors: Cognet Laurent
Published: July 2022

In recent years, exploration of the brain extracellular space (ECS) has made remarkable progress, including nanoscopic characterizations based on luminescent single wall carbon nanotubes imaging [1]. In this case, single nanotube tracking is used combined with super-resolution imaging analysis to provide both local measures of the nanoscale dimensions of the brain network and the ECS molecular diffusion landscape. We will show that this approach can be applied to reveal the nanoscale organization of pathological ECS in adult mice under degenerative conditions (α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration) [2]. Another application will concern the investigation of the ECS around synapses. We will reveal specific ECS properties in terms of morphology at the nanoscale and inner diffusivity which are modulated upon synaptic activity [3].

References

[1] Paviolo & Cognet Neurobiology of Disease 153 (2021) 105328

[2] Soria et al Nat. Commun., 11 (2020) 3440

[3] Paviolo et al BioRxiv 2021
(Invited) Multi-Modality Input/Output Interfaces with Tissue and Cells Using Nanocarbons
Authors: Cohen-Karni Tzahi
Published: July 2022

My team’s efforts are focused on three major thrusts: (i) synthesis and in depth mechanistic investigation of the unique emergent optical, thermal, electrical and electrochemical properties of novel hybrid-nanomaterials and nanomaterials topologies composed on one-dimensional and two-dimensional building blocks, (ii) application and characterization of hybrid-nanomaterials interfaces with cells and tissue, and (iii) development and engineering of nanomaterials-based platforms to interrogate and affect the electrical properties of tissue and cells such as cardiomyocytes, and neurons, with a specific focus to understand electrical signal transduction in complex 3D cellular assemblies. Major questions we strive to answer are: Can we make materials and platforms that are tailored to allow seamless and stable integration with cells and tissue enabling sensing and actuation? Can hybrid-nanomaterials allow new insights about biological processes, e.g., tissue development and disease progression?

In this talk I will describe our recent efforts in tackling these challenges. Our highly flexible bottom-up nanomaterials synthesis capabilities allow us to form unique hybrid-nanomaterials that can be used in various input/output bioelectrical interfaces, i.e., bioelectrical platforms for chemical and physical sensing and actuation. We developed a breakthrough bioelectrical interface, a 3D self-rolled biosensor arrays (3D-SR-BAs) of either active field effect transistors or passive microelectrodes to measure both cardiac and neural spheroids electrophysiology in 3D. This approach enables electrophysiological investigation and monitoring of the complex signal transduction in 3D cellular assemblies toward an organ-on-an-electronic-chip (organ-on-e-chip) platform for tissue maturation investigations and development of drugs for disease treatment. Utilizing graphene, a two-dimensional (2D) atomically thin carbon allotrope, we demonstrated a new technique to simultaneously record the intracellular electrical activity of multiple excitable cells with ultra-microelectrodes that can be as small as the size as an axon ca. 2µm in size. The outstanding electrochemical properties of our hybrid-nanomaterials allowed us to develop electrical sensors and actuators, e.g., sensors to explore the brain chemistry and sensors/actuators that are deployed in a large volumetric muscle loss animal model. Finally, using the unique optical properties of nanocarbons, e.g., graphene-based hybrid-nanomaterials and 2D nanocarbides (MXene), we have formed remote, non-genetic bioelectrical interfaces with excitable cells and modulated cellular and network activity with high precision and low needed energy. In summary, the exceptional synthetic control and flexible assembly of nanomaterials provide powerful tools for fundamental studies and applications in life science and potentially seamlessly merge nanomaterials-based platforms with cells, fusing nonliving and living systems together.
(Invited) Design of Robust Multiplexed Optical Nanosensors for In Vivo Disease Detection
Authors: Williams Ryan M. , Gaikwad Pooja , Cohen Zachary , Ryan Amelia , Zhou Jun
Published: July 2022

The rapid, minimally-invasive detection of diverse analytes in vivo remains a goal for the diagnosis of cancer and related diseases. Toward this end, we are designing nanosensors based on the optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) for use both in patients and at the bedside. SWCNT fluorescence is in the near-infrared window for biological imaging, is stable upon laser excitation, and responds rapidly to changes in its local environment. We are approaching the design of multiplexed implantable biomarker sensors through several routes, including developing novel bioconjugate chemistry approaches to antibodies and other molecular recognition elements to improve sensitivity of the sensors. We are also evaluating molecular tools to screen non-specific interactions within the local environment, improving the selectivity of these sensors. In parallel, we are using aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) methods to allow for separation of single-chirality SWCNT prior to bioconjugate chemistry approaches, allowing for specific detection of multiple analytes at once. Finally, we are exploring various hydrogel systems to allow for their immobilization upon injection into living systems and repeated monitoring of local biomarker concentrations. We expect these approaches to further bridge the translation of sensor devices toward clinical diagnostic tools. We hope to deploy SWCNT-based sensors to detect disease at early stages, evaluate disease response to treatment, and monitor disease progression. These aims will allow physicians to make rapid, informed decisions on patient prognosis and treatment.
Quantum Defects for Sensing and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Kruss Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) fluoresce in the near infrared (NIR) and have been assembled with biopolymers such as DNA to form highly sensitive molecular sensors. They change their fluorescence when they interact with analytes. Despite the progress in engineering of these sensors the underlying mechanisms are still not understood. Here, we identify processes and rate constants that explain the photophysical signal transduction by exploiting sp3 quantum defects in the sp2 carbon lattice of SWCNTs. As a model system we use ssDNA coated (6,5)-SWCNTs, which increase their NIR emission (E11, 990 nm) up to + 250 % in response to the important neurotransmitter dopamine. In contrast, SWCNTs coated with DNA but with a low number of NO2-Aryl sp3 quantum defects decrease both their E11 (-35%) and defect related E11* emission (- 50%) at 1130 nm. Consequently, the interaction with the analyte does not change the radiative exciton decay pathway alone. Furthermore, the fluorescence response of pristine SWCNTs increases with SWCNT length, suggesting that exciton diffusion is affected. The quantum yield of pristine (6,5)-SWCNTs increases in response to the analyte from 0.6 % to 1.3 % and points to a change in non-radiative rate constants. These experimental results are explained by a Monte Carlo simulation of exciton diffusion, which supports a change of two non-radiative decay pathways together with an increase of exciton diffusion (3 rate constant model). In summary, we demonstrate how perturbation of a system with quantum defects reveals the photophysical mechanism and provides opportunities for novel sensing concepts.
DNA Wrapping Causes Strain in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Lei Kunhua , Alizadehmojarad Ali A. , Bachilo Sergei M. , Weisman R. Bruce
Published: July 2022

Short strands of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) can disperse and individually suspend single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to form a class of hybrids with unusual properties and applications in nanotube structural sorting and fluorescence-based bioanalysis. In these hybrids, the ssDNA strands tend to physisorb onto the nanotube surface, coating it in helical or ring-shaped structures. We have carefully compared fluorescence spectral peak positions in samples of SWCNTs coated by ssDNA and in conventional surfactants such as SDS. In addition to the general and well-known spectral red-shift for the ssDNA-coated samples, we find a systematic dependence of both the E11 and E22 shifts on the mod 1 vs. mod 2 identity of the (n,m) species. This spectral pattern is characteristic of SWCNTs that are distorted by mechanical strain. We infer that the ssDNA wrapping exerts radial forces on the nanotube, causing this strain. The magnitude of the observed effect depends on the ssDNA oligo and on SWCNT diameter, with large values found for (GT)6 and nanotubes with diameters near 0.9 nm. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations show that (GT)6 forms rings when coating such SWCNTs. Further insights into strain in ssDNA/SWCNT hybrids will be presented based on additional computations and experimental results.
Photoluminescence Brightening of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Sajjadi Sayyed Hashem , Wu Shang-Jung , Reggente Melania , K. Goharshadi Elaheh , Sharif Niloufar , Ahmadzadeh Hossein , Boghossian Ardemis Anoush
Published: July 2022

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) emit near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence (PL) that spans the tissue transparency window, allowing them to optically penetrate biological tissue for deep-tissue optical sensing. Such optical SWCNT sensors are often functionalized with single stranded DNA (ssDNA) to promote biocompatibility, responsivity, and selectivity. However, the low brightness of these ssDNA-wrapped sensors restricts the depth at which such sensors can be implanted in biological tissue. In this work, we overcome this limitation by demonstrating the PL enhancement of ssDNA-wrapped SWCNTs through the incorporation of biocompatible graphene quantum dots (GQDs). We compare the enhancement effects of two preparations of GQDs, pristine (PGQDs) and nitrogen-doped (NGQDs) graphene quantum dots. Both preparations of GQDs were shown to significantly increase the fluorescence emissions of ssDNA-SWCNTs to a comparable extent after 3 h of incubation. We further observed a diameter dependence of this enhancement, with the larger (8,6) SWCNT chirality demonstrating a 30-fold enhancement as compared to the 2-fold enhancement observed for the (6,5) SWCNT chirality. This PL enhancement was shown to vary with the exposed surface area of the SWCNTs, whereby SWCNT chiralities with wrappings that yield larger exposed SWCNT surfaces resulted in increased PL enhancement on conjugation with the GQDs.

Despite the similarities in the final fluorescence enhancements, the NGQDs and PGQDs showed kinetic differences in their brightening effects. The NGQDs were able to achieve stabilized SWCNT fluorescence brightening 2 min after their addition, whereas the SWCNTs showed continued PL increases even 1 h after the addition of the PGQDs. Electrochemical analysis of the NGQDs confirms their behavior as reducing agents, which have been previously shown to enhance the rate of SWCNT brightening through the passivation of oxygen defect sites. The brightening effects of the NGQDs were further demonstrated in confocal single-molecule measurements, where we observed a 3-fold increase in the detection of individual SWCNTs on conjugation to the NGQDs compared to the unconjugated ssDNA-SWCNTs. The photoluminescence enhancements enabled by the GQDs thus provides a promising tool for engineering the brightness of NIR sensors for biomedical applications and enabling improved detection in deep-tissue sensing and imaging applications.
New Synthetic Routes to Introduce Sp
3-Defects in Carbon Nanotubes with a Variety of Functional Groups
Authors: Settele Simon , Zaumseil Jana
Published: July 2022

The controlled functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with luminescent sp
3-defects has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance their usually low photoluminescence quantum yields and has created the potential to employ them for bioimaging and optical sensors. For that, it is necessary to match and adapt the substituents of the sp
3-defects to the desired application. To attach a large variety of complex substituents to sp
3-defects an universal approach is required. Here, we introduce sp
3-defects to polymer-wrapped (6,5) SWNTs via diazonium salt chemistry [ACS Nano
2021, 15, 5147–5157] bearing an alkyne moiety and subsequently add the desired substituent by click-chemistry. This opens up the possibility to introduce many different functional groups such as stable organic radicals, photosensitizers or fluorophores, which are already available for click-reactions. This approach is not limited to E11* defects introduced by diazonium chemistry, but can be further extended to more red-shifted E11*− defects [Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 2119].
(Invited) Opportunities and Challenges for Quantum Emitters in One and Two Dimensional Materials
Authors: Htoon Han
Published: July 2022

The last five years have witnessed dramatic advances in realization of quantum emitters (QEs) in one dimensional carbon nanotubes and two dimensional layered semiconductors. These novel QEs offer exciting opportunities for not only storing, processing and transducing of quantum information but also sensing physical phenomena beyond classical detection limits. Realization of these opportunities also present multiple challenges including: (1) realizing room temperature, telecommunication wavelength operation; (2) controlling fundamental as well as quantum optical properties such as QE emission wavelengths, linewidths, polarization, coherent times, single photon purity and indistinguishability; (3) deterministic placement and integration of QEs into photonic, plasmonic, and mangnonic platforms for quantum sensing and transduction applications. Here in this talk I will present recent efforts toward meeting these challenges. In 1D carbon nanotubes, we recently demonstrated that chemical binding configuration of covalent quantum defects can be controlled through the spin multiplicity of photoexcited intermediates. This enable us to control the emission wavelength of QEs by creating previously inaccessible chemical configuration. In 2D semiconductor, we have successfully created the telecommunication wavelength quantum emitters by local strain engineering of MoTe2. We have also realized chiral quantum emitters via exploit of magnetic proximity interaction between quantum emitters of WSe2 monolayer and localized magnetization crated in NiPS3 anti-ferromagnetic insulator by nanoscale stain engineering.
(Invited) Cavity Coupled Multi-Emitters in Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Borel Antoine , Chassagneux Yannick , Selmani Mayssane , He Xiaowei , Berger Felix Julian , Zaumseil Jana , Lauret Js , Doorn Stephen , Voisin Christophe
Published: July 2022

The development of covalent diazonium functionalization of carbon nanotubes brings unique oportunities in terms of original quantum sources of light. In particular, it should be possible to create a linear ensemble of closely packed single-photon sources along the carbon nanotube backbone. The physical proximity of several dopants would make it possible to couple them simultaneous to a resonant cavity mode and to induce original dynamics and light emission properties. Here, we investigate experimentally the case of a series of four quantum emitters attached to the same carbon nanotube coupled to a high finesse fiber cavity. We explore their properties through PLE, polarization and superlocalization measurements and their light emission properties using time-correlation techniques, photo-luminescence decay measurements.
(Invited, Digital Presentation) Optoelectronic Processes in Single-Chirality Carbon Nanotube Thin Films
Authors: Kono Junichiro
Published: July 2022

Much understanding exists regarding chirality-dependent properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), primarily obtained through single-tube studies. However, macroscopic manifestations of chirality dependence have been limited, especially in electronic transport. Here, recent progress in our optical and electronic transport studies of single-chirality SWCNT thin films will be reviewed. We observed pronounced chirality-dependent electronic localization in temperature and magnetic field dependent conductivity measurements on macroscopic films of single-chirality SWCNTs [1]. We also performed optical absorption measurements in aligned single-chirality (6,5) SWCNT films, and through comparison with detailed theoretical calculations based on the Boltzmann scattering equation, we demonstrated that the background absorption is due to phonon-assisted transitions from the semiconductor vacuum to finite-momentum continuum states of excitons [2]. Furthermore, we conducted terahertz emission and photocurrent studies on films of aligned single-chirality semiconducting SWCNTs and found that excitons autoionize, i.e., spontaneously dissociate into electrons and holes [3]. Some of these studies were enabled by our recent improvement of the controlled vacuum filtration technique [4,5], which allows us to fabricate wafer-scale aligned SWCNTs with extremely anisotropic optical properties [6-9].

W. Gao et al., “Band Structure Dependent Electronic Localization in Macroscopic Films of Single-Chirality Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes,” Carbon
183, 774 (2021).

S. Dal Forno et al., “Origin of the Background Absorption in Carbon Nanotubes: Phonon-Assisted Excitonic Continuum,” Carbon
186, 465 (2021).

F. R. G. Bagsican et al., “Terahertz Excitonics in Carbon Nanotubes: Exciton Autoionization and Multiplication,” Nano Letters
20, 3098 (2020).

X. He et al., “Wafer-Scale Monodomain Films of Spontaneously Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes,” Nature Nanotechnology
11, 633 (2016).

W. Gao and J. Kono, “Science and Applications of Wafer-Scale Crystalline Carbon Nanotube Films Prepared through Controlled Vacuum Filtration,” Royal Society Open Science
6, 181605 (2019).

F. Katsutani et al., “Direct Observation of Cross-Polarized Excitons in Aligned Single-Chirality Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes,” Physical Review B
99, 035426 (2019).

W. Gao et al., “Macroscopically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes as a Refractory Platform for Hyperbolic Thermal Emitters,” ACS Photonics
6, 1602 (2019).

N. Komatsu et al., “Groove-Assisted Global Spontaneous Alignment of Carbon Nanotubes in Vacuum Filtration,” Nano Letters
20, 2332 (2020).

A. Baydin et al., “Giant Terahertz Polarization Rotation in Ultrathin Films of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes,” Optica
8, 760 (2021).
Use of simplex learning index to identify a course deficit
Authors: Bao Sujin
Published: July 2022

Difficulty index and its derivative performance index (PFI) have been commonly used to measure student learning outcomes. However, these indexes have a high volatility and low sensitivity. This work has established the simplex learning index (SLI), which has a low volatility and high sensitivity. To construct SLI, students were divided into two groups based on their scores on the whole quiz. The item SLI and lecture SLI were derived from the results of students in the high-scoring group. Exam results from nine cohorts of medical students in two phases of learning were analyzed. The volatility, measured by the ratio between the standard deviation and the mean, was >65% lower in SLI than in PFI. Using the lecture SLI as a metric, one lecture B22 (Metabolism of Amino Acids), was identified that had an average SLI of 0.66 in earlier four student cohorts in phase 1 learning. Two major changes were made on the lecture, lecture organization and the delivery method, in phase 2. Students from recent five cohorts in phase 2 had an average SLI of 0.84, which was 26.6% higher than that in phase 1 ( P < 0.02). In contrast, when PFI was used, the change was only 13.46% and insignificant ( P = 0.29). In the same period, implementation of the same delivery method did not yield significant changes in learning outcomes in lecture B24 (Metabolism of Nucleotides). Taken together, this work shows that SLI is a better indicator for learning outcomes and suggests that lecture reorganization is the key to improved student learning.
Clinical Analysis of Medical IoT and Acute Cerebral Infarction Based on Image Recognition
Authors: Li Juncheng , Cui Wei , Zeng Aiping , Xie Yiju , Yang Shengxian
Published: July 2022

Due to the mutual penetration and development of clinical medicine and informatics, medical image recognition can avoid the influence of subjective factors, and can diagnose the types of benign and malignant tumors in a timely and accurate manner, which is especially important for formulating effective treatment plans. This work mainly discusses fuzzy clustering and segmentation and SVM detection algorithms application in clinical medicine. The Internet of Things technology is a high-tech from the branch of the Internet, which plays a huge role in promoting the development and innovation of modern healthcare companies. The application of the Internet of Things technology has greatly changed the traditional medical model and effectively improved the relatively independent model in each unit system, thereby effectively promoting the scientific and informatization of modern intelligent medical care. Acute cerebral infarction is one of the most common clinical diseases, the clinical manifestations usually include tinnitus, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Acute cerebral infarction usually occurs suddenly and develops rapidly, which may eventually lead to hemiplegia, sensory disturbance, and language disturbance. This article analyzes the role of image recognition based on the medical Internet of Things in the clinical analysis of acute cerebral infarction and illustrates the clinical treatment methods through case studies. Simulation results prove that advanced IoT technology can more accurately track and monitor relevant patient information and can also play an important role in patient monitoring.
An Analytical Study for Assessing Water Productivity in Pre‐ and Post‐Rehabilitation Period of Rural Tank System
Authors: Anuradha B. , Packialakshmi S. , Sanjay Naveen , Vivekananthan V.
Published: July 2022

Water productivity is the ratio of the amount of water applied to the field in cubic meter and the net return gained in rupees. Increased water productivity leads to an improved occupational value for the farmers. Tank rehabilitation allows for additional water to be added to an irrigation tank, increasing water production. Hence, this study is carried out to assess the net return for a unit of water used in the pre‐ and post‐rehabilitated period of rural tank “Pelasur” in Thiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu. The findings reveal that during the post‐tank restoration period, a higher percentage of tail reach and marginal farmers benefited. Farmers who irrigate solely with tank water have higher water production since their income per m3 is higher. The significant impact of tank repair was demonstrated using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS‐21.0).
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Deliver miR-21 to Promote Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing through PTEN/PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Liu Xiaolong , Li Xuran , Wu Guangyuan , Qi Pengfei , Zhang Yanyan , Liu Zhiyu , Li Xinyue , Yu Yu , Ye Xiangmei , Li Yang , Yang Dongguang , Teng Yueqiu , Shi Ce , Jin Xin , Qi Sen , Liu Yuting , Wang Shudan , Liu Ying , Cao Fenglin , Kong Qingran , Wang Zhenkun , Zhang Hong
Published: July 2022

Objective. Rapid restoration of corneal epithelium integrity after injury is particularly important for preserving corneal transparency and vision. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be taken into account as the promising regenerative therapeutics for improvement of wound healing processes based on the variety of the effective components. The extracellular vesicles form MSCs, especially exosomes, have been considered as important paracrine mediators though transferring microRNAs into recipient cell. This study investigated the mechanism of human umbilical cord MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (HUMSC-sEVs) on corneal epithelial wound healing. Methods. HUMSC-sEVs were identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. Corneal fluorescein staining and histological staining were evaluated in a corneal mechanical wound model. Changes in HCEC proliferation after HUMSC-sEVs or miR-21 mimic treatment were evaluated by CCK-8 and EdU assays, while migration was assessed by in vitro scratch wound assay. Full-length transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes associated with HUMSC-sEVs treatment, followed by validation via real-time PCR and Western blot. Results. The sEVs derived from HUMSCs can significantly promote corneal epithelial cell proliferation, migration in vitro, and corneal epithelial wound healing in vivo. Similar effects were obtained after miR-21 transfection, while the beneficial effects of HUMSC-sEVs were partially negated by miR-21 knockdown. Results also show that the benefits are associated with decreased PTEN level and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HCECs. Conclusion. HUMSC-sEVs could enhance the recovery of corneal epithelial wounds though restraining PTEN by transferring miR-21 and may represent a promising novel therapeutic agent for corneal wound repair.
Construction of Mental Health Education Model for College Students Based on Fine-Grained Parallel Computing Programming
Authors: Hong Juan
Published: July 2022

Psychological education is beneficial in maintaining the psychological health of college students, resolving psychological issues, and creating a harmonious campus and society. Mental health education for college students is a development-oriented basic education activity that contributes significantly to educational quality. To improve the accuracy of college students' mental health assessments, a model for mental health education for college students based on fine-grained parallel computing programming is proposed. This study uses a deep learning algorithm to subdivide the classification of an emotion dictionary, which can be classified by adding negative word lists, polarity conversion dictionaries, and online dictionaries, among other things, based on the theory of ecological instantaneous evaluation. It can be used for both multiclass and detailed emotion analysis. The model is more accurate in assessing the mental health of college students, according to the results of the study. The current emotional state of users can be identified, as well as signs of psychological risk, using emotional analysis of Weibo data, which will become a valuable resource for users seeking clinical psychological consultation in the future.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Perinatal Outcomes between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Women
Authors: Babic Inas , Alsomali Faten , Aljuhani Sana , Baeissa Sahar , Alhabib Inam , AlAhmari Ebtisam , Omer Magdy , Alkhalifa Khalid
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been increasing among pregnant women worldwide. Its impact on maternal, fetal, and neonatal health is still scarce in the published literature. As a routine COVID-19 prenatal screening has been established for all women requiring hospitalization, it is not clear whether symptomatic women carry worse pregnancy outcomes than those without symptoms. We aimed to analyze perinatal outcomes between symptomatic and asymptomatic women admitted to our center. Materials and Methods. A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted for fourteen months. All pregnant women with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were enrolled, and their perinatal outcomes were analyzed in two groups based on whether they were symptomatic or not. The primary outcomes were composite adverse fetal, neonatal, and maternal outcomes and their comparison between study groups. Results. Out of 209 included COVID-19 positive pregnant women, 62 (30%) presented with one or more infection-related symptoms. Symptomatic women were older, multiparous, carried ≥1 comorbid condition, and attained infection at earlier gestational age (44% vs. 28%; 82% vs. 69%; 28% vs. 16%; and 34 vs. 36 weeks, respectively) (p<0.05), when compared to asymptomatic women, respectively. Maternal composite adverse outcomes were higher in the symptomatic group and showed either one or more outcomes, positive chest radiological findings, requiring hospitalization with oxygen supplementation, or maternal death (8% vs. 0.7%) (p<0.05). Composite fetal and neonatal adverse outcomes such as miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, and neonatal COVID-19 infection were not statistically significant (p>0.05) between symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Conclusion. COVID-19 infection among symptomatic pregnant women may carry a higher risk for adverse maternal outcomes. It may be associated with their advanced age and comorbid conditions. Maternal infection-associated symptoms per se likely do not pose an increased risk for adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes.
Capsule Network-Based Deep Transfer Learning Model for Face Recognition
Authors: Sreekala Keshetti , Cyril C. Pretty Diana , Neelakandan S. , Chandrasekaran Saravanan , Walia Ranjan , Martinson Eric Ofori
Published: July 2022

Face recognition (FR) is a technique for recognizing individuals through the use of face photographs. The FR technology is widely applicable in a variety of fields, including security, biometrics, authentication, law enforcement, smart cards, and surveillance. Recent advances in deep learning (DL) models, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have demonstrated promising results in the field of FR. CNN models that have been pretrained can be utilized to extract characteristics for effective FR. In this regard, this research introduces the GWOECN-FR approach, a unique grey wolf optimization with an enhanced capsule network-based deep transfer learning model for real-time face recognition. The proposed GWOECN-FR approach is primarily concerned with reliably and rapidly recognizing faces in input photos. Additionally, the GWOECN-FR approach is preprocessed in two steps, namely, data augmentation and noise reduction by bilateral filtering (BF). Additionally, for feature vector extraction, an expanded capsule network (ECN) model can be used. Additionally, grey wolf optimization (GWO) combined with a stacked autoencoder (SAE) model is used to identify and classify faces in images. The GWO algorithm is used to optimize the SAE model’s weight and bias settings. The GWOECN-FR technique’s performance is validated using a benchmark dataset, and the results are analyzed in a variety of aspects. The GWOECN-FR approach achieved a TST of 0.03 s on the FEI dataset, whereas the AlexNet-SVM, ResNet-SVM, and AlexNet models achieved TSTs of 0.125 s, 0.0051 s, and 0.0062 s, respectively. The experimental results established that the GWOECN-FR technology outperformed more contemporary approaches.
Study on the Expression of lncRNA ATB and Nek9 in Breast Cancer Patients Based on Q‐PCR Technology and Its Relationship with the Disease
Authors: Zhaoyu Zhu , Huanyu Xiong , Yajie Zhao , Ziyu Dong , Hui Liu , Feng Shi
Published: July 2022

To reveal the relationship between the expression and disease progression, the expression of long noncoding RNA ATB (lncRNA ATB) and related protein kinase 9 (Nek 9) in serum of breast cancer patients by real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR (Q‐PCR) is analyzed. The patients treated in our hospital from April 2021 to February 2022 are selected and grouped into several groups. Among them, 73 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 44 patients with benign breast disease are divided into groups A and B, respectively. In addition, 50 healthy subjects are chosen for group C. The expressions of lncRNA ATB and Nek9 in serum of patients are detected by Q‐PCR, and the relationship between different pathological parameters and lncRNA ATB and Nek9 in group A is analyzed. Spearman correlation coefficient is used to evaluate the correlation between lncRNA ATB and Nek9 and disease. The experimental results show that lncRNA ATB and Nek9 in 3 groups are significantly different, and group A> group B> group C (all P < 0.05). The expression of lncRNA ATB and Nek9 is closely associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in breast cancer patients (P < 0.05). Besides, the Spearman correlation coefficient shows that lncRNA ATB and Nek9 are positively correlated with breast cancer incidence (P < 0.05). It is evident that lncRNA ATB and Nek9 are expressed at high levels in breast cancer patients and are positively correlated with the occurrence and development of the disease.
A Biobjective Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demand and Split Deliveries
Authors: Wu Yachao , Zhou Min , Zhang Dezhi , Li Shuangyan
Published: July 2022

This study addresses a biobjective vehicle routing problem with stochastic demand and split deliveries. Apart from minimizing the total travel cost that is widely considered in classical vehicle routing problems, we aim to balance the workload of all routes. A recourse policy for paired vehicles that allows the distribution service to fail once and meet part of the demand of customers first is provided. To solve the proposed biobjective vehicle routing problem, an adaptive large neighborhood search embedded with an improved optimization method is developed. The objective value is calculated based on the normalized values of two goals using the improved weighted sum approach. To evaluate the proposed optimization model and corresponding algorithm, some experiments modified from Solomon’s instances are conducted. Computational results show that the performance of the proposed heuristic approach is effective.
Paratubal Cystectomy in a Pregnant Woman Using the Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) Technique
Authors: Nelson Luke William , MacKenzie Elliot
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The proliferation of prenatal ultrasound has enhanced the detection of adnexal masses during pregnancy. The presentation necessitates a clear approach to investigation and treatment that balances both maternal and fetal risk. Laparoscopy is a safe approach to surgical management in the pregnant patient, and SILS may contribute to minimising perioperative complications. Case Presentation. We present the case of a 21-year-old female in her second trimester of pregnancy presenting with a large 20 cm right adnexal cyst. We proceeded with laparoscopic cystectomy via the SILS technique. There were no intraoperative complications, and she recovered well postoperatively. Conclusion. Laparoscopic resection of adnexal lesions is safe during pregnancy and should be favoured over the open approach. SILS minimises incision sites and has potential for reduction in perioperative morbidity.
Role of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Changes in Premenstrual Psychosomatic Behavioral Symptoms with Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements
Authors: Sultana Arshiya , Rahman Khaleequr , Heyat Md Belal Bin , Sumbul  , Akhtar Faijan , Muaad Abdullah Y.
Published: July 2022

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) significantly lowers the quality of life and impairs personal and social relationships in reproductive-age women. Some recommendations are that inappropriate oxidative stress and inflammatory response are involved in PMS. Various nutritional supplements and herbs showed neuro-psycho-pharmacological activity with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to determine the systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of herbal medicine and nutritional supplements in PMS. We also comprehensively highlighted the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial changes on PMS with the application of computational intelligence. We used PRISMA and research question-based techniques to collect the data for evaluation of our study on different databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and PROSPERO from 1990 to 2022. The methodological quality of the published study was assessed by the modified Jadad scale. In addition, we used network visualization and word cloud techniques to find the closest terms of the study based on previous publications. While we also used computational intelligence techniques to give the idea for the classification of experimental data from PMS. We found 25 randomized controlled studies with 1949 participants (

mean
±
SD

:

77.96
±
22.753

) using the PRISMA technique, and all were high-quality studies. We also extracted the closest terms related to our study using network visualization techniques. This work has revealed the future direction and research gap on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in PMS. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that bioactive molecules such as curcumin, allicin, anethole, thymoquinone, cyanidin 3-glucoside, gamma-linoleic acid, and various molecules not only have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but also other various activities such as GABA-A receptor agonist, serotonergic, antidepressant, sedative, and analgesic. Traditional Unani Herbal medicine and nutritional supplements can effectively relieve PMS symptoms as they possess many bioactive molecules that are pharmacologically proven for the aforementioned properties. Hence, these biomolecules might influence a complex physical and psychological disease process like PMS. However, more rigorous research studies are recommended for in-depth knowledge of the efficacy of bioactive molecules on premenstrual syndrome in clinical trials.
Census and Inventory Method of Pollution Sources Based on Big Data Technology under Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Naidi , Sun Xinghua , Mi Jing , Zhang Shihui
Published: July 2022

In order to strengthen the supervision and management of environmental pollution and timely understand and record the basic information of potential environmental pollution of enterprises and institutions, this paper proposes a general survey and inventory method of pollution sources based on big data technology under machine learning. Firstly, this paper evaluates and screens the data provided by government departments, constructs a machine learning classification model, and uses a variety of classification algorithms to compare and analyze according to the basic idea of machine learning to deal with practical problems. Then, the calibration data set constructed is used as the training set to predict and classify the national industrial and commercial data, provincial industrial and commercial data, and municipal industrial and commercial data provided by government departments. The experimental results show that the naive Bayesian classification algorithm is the best algorithm, and the F1 values of each data set are increased by 32.92%, 21.42%, and 14.91%, respectively. The classified prediction of the screened Internet data shows that the accuracy of the final Internet supplementary data is 17.26%, which is similar to the industrial and commercial data of the city. The availability of the machine learning model established in this paper is proven.