bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review on the Mechanism of Concrete Deterioration in Accelerated Aggressive Environment
Authors: Sneha S. S. , Ramaswamy K. P.
Published: April 2021

Concrete is being extensively utilized for the constructional and other allied works on account of its versatility and mechanical properties. However, it exists to be in a state of disequilibrium with its ambient environment owing to its universal alkaline nature and hence is susceptible to deterioration when exposed to aggressive environments. The reactive species emanating from chemical plants, fertiliser industries, marine water, agro-food industries etc., produce detrimental effects on the concrete structures through the dissolution of calcium bearing phases from the hydrated matrix. This degradation culminates in decalcification, volumetric expansion, salt crystallisation, micro-cracking, surface scaling, delamination, spalling and corrosion. Diffusivity, capillary porosity, permeability, chemical nature of hydrated matrix and pore network are the parameters that influence the chemical mechanism of concrete degradation. The mechanism of concrete degradation is distinct for various aggressive species and its fair comprehension remains as one of the challenges in accomplishing the durability based concrete design. This paper critically reviews the basic mechanism of the concrete deterioration in accelerated aggressive environment of mineral acids, organic acids and inorganic salts. In addition to this, a glimpse of the effect of degradation on different binder systems viz., Ordinary Portland Cement system, blended cement system, special cement system and alkali activated system is provided.
Preparation and Properties of Alkali Activated Coarse Aggregates Using Fly Ash and Slag
Authors: Sunil Rugma , Panicker L Parvathy , Megha R. , Vijayan Athira K. , K. P Ramaswamy
Published: April 2021

Coarse aggregate is an essential component of concrete which influences the properties of concrete. Generally, natural crushed stones are being used for the concrete production. The increased demand of aggregates for concrete production can be countered by using alternate aggregates. Production of artificial aggregates from industrial wastes appear as a promising and sustainable alternative to natural aggregates as it helps in utilizing large amount of industrial byproducts in concrete, reduces environmental pollution and also relieves the issues involved in their waste disposal. Hence, this study aims at the utilization of industrial wastes (fly ash and slag) for the manufacture of synthetic aggregates which could be a potential sustainable alternative for the coarse aggregates. Cold bonded pelletized aggregates were prepared by using alkali-activated Class F fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Alkali mixture of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and 10M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were used for the chemical activation of fly ash and slag. Two types of synthetic aggregates were prepared using the fabricated disc pelletizer; mix containing only slag and another mix with equal proportion of fly ash and slag, and the aggregates were heat cured for 24 hours. Tests were done to determine properties such as aggregate surface texture and shape, particle size distribution, bulk density and specific gravity, and the results were compared with the properties of normal aggregates (natural crushed stones). The results indicate that synthetic aggregates made by alkali activation of fly ash and slag could be a potential alternative to the crushed stones.
Identification of Attributes Based on TQM Principles Influencing Construction Quality in STP Project
Authors: Chavan Krishna B. , Hedaoo N. A.
Published: April 2021

TQM is a management philosophy where every individual working in an ideal environment towards a common goal, continuously improving the processes and in turn improving the quality of product or process. An important factor for the success of an organization in implementing TQM is its ability to translate, integrate, and ultimately implement TQM behaviors into everyday practice on the job. This study was initially conducted by investigating the quality affecting factors (attributes) from different pieces of literature on quality performances and understanding the concept of total quality management. The questions in this questionnaire are distributed among the different phases that take place during the construction. Factor analysis involved identifying a total of 55 attributes that belonged to the different phases of construction, these factors were then distributed into critical success and failure attributes based on data analysis. These critical attributes affect the Quality performance in the construction of the STP project.
Interlocking Pavement Tiles using RCA with Industrial Waste as Admixtures
Authors: S Anjana , Isaac Diya Elizabeth , S Neelanjana , G Aswathy
Published: April 2021

The unprecedented increase in construction and developmental activities in the current era brings with it many irreversible impacts on the environment. The major impacts being the depletion of natural resources and generation of an enormous quantity of Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastes. Hence it has become important to reuse and recycle C & D wastes generated. These wastes can be processed to obtain Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA), which can be used for producing recycled concrete. It was found that the strength of Recycled concrete matches with that of paver quality concrete. Therefore, the study aims at producing interlocking paver blocks by replacing the normal coarse aggregates in pavers by RCA along with fly ash as admixture, an industrial waste. Fly ash being a pozzolanic admixture is used in order to overcome the loss of strength due to the addition of RCA. In the present study, a 30% replacement of normal aggregates with RCA and 15% replacement of cement with fly ash in the mix was used as it was found to provide the optimum strength. A comparison of the important properties of paver blocks were conducted between normal concrete pavers, pavers with RCA replacement and pavers with RCA replacement and fly ash. It was found out from the study that Interlocking pavers with partial replacement of normal aggregates with RCA and fly ash obtained strength comparable to that of normal paver blocks. Hence these paver blocks can be used for laying of roads and can contribute towards a sustainable development.
Influence of Concrete Mixture Composition on Acid Resistance of Concrete: A Review
Authors: Ninan Chinnu Mariam , Ramaswamy K P , Sajeeb R
Published: April 2021

Cementitious materials are highly susceptible to rapid and severe degradation by a wide range of acids that are found immensely in ground water, sewage systems, industrial effluents, acid rain etc. which may cause microstructure deterioration. The factors influencing acid attack is generally categorised as material related factors and test related factors. Material related factors can be either related to acid solution or concrete mixture composition. Composition of concrete mixture greatly impacts the acid resistance of concrete. Factors related to composition of concrete mixture are type of cement, type and proportion of binders, water binder ratio, aggregate binder ratio and mineralogical nature of the aggregates. Even though the type of cement influences acid attack, the magnitude of variation is negligible. Consumption of calcium hydroxide and refinement of pore structure makes the use of supplementary cementitious materials favourable for acid resistance. Decrease in water binder ratio and increase in aggregate binder ratio reduces the porosity of concrete and thereby improves the acid resistance of concrete. Calcareous aggregates are preferred for concretes exposed to acids having less soluble salts and not preferred for acids forming soluble salts. This paper highlights the influence of composition of concrete mixture on acid resistance of concrete. A proper formulation of concrete is expected to enhance its acid resistance.
Development of Alkali Activated Pervious Cementless Concrete
Authors: Aiswarya K. , Alfiya A. A. , Deepak R. , Devadath V. S. , Ramaswamy K. P.
Published: April 2021

Pervious concrete is a topic of recent interest and finds vivid applications such as for discharging rain water, filtration of waste water etc. Pervious concrete made with cement as a binder poses serious threats to the environment due to the large amount of green house gases released, especially carbon dioxide, owing to the production of cement. Therefore, it is imperative to find a suitable substitute for cement in the production of concrete. This study presents about the production of pervious concrete, completely replacing cement with fly ash geopolymer binder system. Pervious geopolymer concretes were prepared from Class F fly ash, sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide solution, coarse aggregate and a little quantity of fine aggregate. The alkali to binder ratio of 0.50 by mass and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio of 2.50 were used. In order to improve the workability of mixture, a super plasticizer Conplast SP 430 (2-3% by weight of binder) was added. Temperature curing at 50 ºC for 24 hours was done. Compression, permeability and water absorption tests were conducted on the specimen at 7 days. The compressive strength of the mixture was found to be 11.66 MPa which is more than that of a brick and water absorption was nearly 2%. The permeability of water through the specimen was found to be 24.63 ml/sec for a pervious cubical specimen of size 10 cm. The pervious concretes produced in this work were not only environment friendly but also achieved better mechanical properties and water permeability. It is inferred that the fly ash geopolymer system could be used to produce pervious concrete.
A Review on Behaviour of Beam Column Joint Using EAF Steel Slag Concrete
Authors: Khan R Ajmal , Ambi Rekha
Published: April 2021

The amount of industrial waste generated and the overexploitation of quarries worldwide are becoming one of the serious environmental problem. Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel slag is currently used for asphalt concrete pavements in many countries but huge quantities of this material are still landfilled. Reusing the slag as recycled material in the construction industry not only helps in the reduction of the amount of waste disposed off but can also bring down the consumption of natural aggregates. EAF slag is the secondary product of the steel production process and is procured after the separation of molten steel from impurities. In this review paper, the impact of using EAF concrete on the structural behavior of internal beam-column joints and also the resisting mechanism of these joints are studied. A parametric study on the structural performance of EAF concrete compared to conventional concrete in terms of the load-carrying capacity, energy dissipation and strength attained by the joint in failure condition is made.
A Review on the Significance of Integrated Transportation and Land Use Planning Model for the Planning of Urban Areas
Authors: Anju Sebastian
Published: April 2021

Planning for transportation infrastructure takes significant role in development of urban areas. Proper planning is needed for eliminating the problems like overcrowding, housing shortage, congestion etc. So there is a need of integrating transportation and land use. Transportation planning and the land use planning have to be done together. Integrating transportation with land use helps to decrease travel length and need to travel. Mixed land use development is more suitable for the urban areas. This paper critically reviews the importance of Integrated Transportation and Land Use planning (ITLUP) model in the planning of urban areas and applying this model as a solution for most of the problems facing in urban areas by analysing the best practices. The review also focuses on the relationship between land use and transportation by examining the parameters of ITLUP model.
Effect of Two Lane Non-Urban Highway Geometry on Workload Profile of Drivers
Authors: Akkara Jisha , Jacob Anitha , E A Subaida , Joy Dona , K S Sreelakshmi
Published: April 2021

Transportation engineers play an important role to achieve zero- crash vision of the Government. The onus for occurrence of road crashes at under-designed and poorly constructed roads lies on the shoulders of transportation engineers. To ensure safe and comfortable driving, it is essential and necessary to evaluate the geometric design of roads, especially highways, from the perspective of the vehicle drivers. If the road is of consistent design, the driver can achieve smooth and safe driving. Inconsistent design of roads can confuse a driver and it may lead to unnecessary speed changes and even may result in unfavourable level of crashes. This paper attempts to study how the highway geometry affects the driver workload at horizontal curves and curves with gradient on two lane non-urban highways. The driver workload is assessed by measuring variations in physiological conditions of subject driver while driving in a test car under real field conditions. Heart rate (HR) and galvanic skin response (GSR) of drivers are continuously recorded using sensors attached to the driver’s ear and fingers respectively to develop a continuous profile of driver workload at varying highway geometry. The variations in heart rate from tangent sections to succeeding curve sections are determined to understand the effect of curve geometry on heart rate. The geometrical data such as radius of curvature, superelevation, sight distance, gradient and tangent length are collected from the selected study stretches. The study revealed that the inconsistent design of roads leads to large variations in heart rate and galvanic skin response. Consequently, crash frequency is found to be higher at such locations. The outcome of the study will help highway designers to design safer roads. The outcome of the study throws light on safety evaluation of highway geometry and will be helpful in developing tools and guidelines for designing safer roads.
Detection of genetically modified plants using LAMP (loop-mediated amplification) technologies
Authors: Sorochynskyi B. V.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Analysis of the current state and experience on the loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) use to detect genetically modified plants.
Methods. Literature search and analysis.
Results. General information on the current state and use of the genetically modified plants is provided. Despite the wide distribution of genetically modified plants, the attitude towards them in society continues to remain somewhat wary. About 50 countries have introduced mandatory labeling of GM feed and products, provided that their content exceeds a certain threshold. In order to meet labeling requirements, effective and sensitive methods for detecting known genetic modifications in a variety of plant materials, food products and animal feed must be developed and standardized. The most common approaches to the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are the determination of specific proteins synthesized in transgenic plants and the detection of new introduced genes. Methods for the determination of GMOs based on the analysis of nucleic acids are more common, since such methods have greater sensitivity and specificity than the analysis of protein composition. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method is the main method of nucleic acid analysis, which is now wide used for the detection of GMOs. Loop-mediated amplification (LAMP), which can occur at a constant temperature and therefore does not require the use of expensive equipment may be an alternative to the PCR. Scientific articles about the use of the loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) for the detection of genetically modified plants were analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages of the polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated amplification are compared.
Conclusions. The main criteria for applying a method of GMO detection analysis are as follow: its sensitivity, time of reaction, availability and ease to use, cost of reagents and equipment, and the possibility for simultaneous detection of many samples.
Morphometric and biochemical features of different Bunias orientalis L. genotypes in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
Authors: Vergun O. M. , Rakhmetov D. B. , Shymanska O. V. , Rakhmetova S. O. , Bondarchuk O. P. , Fishchenko V. V.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Determine a number of morphometric and biochemical parameters of various genotypes of Bunias orientalis L. in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG).
Methods. Plant samples of B. orientalis (6 genotypes created in the NBG) were examined during the flowering stage. Determination of dry matter, ash, calcium was carried out according to Hrytsaienko et al. (2003), phosphorus according to Pochinok (1976), sugars, ascorbic acid and lipids were determined according to Krishchenko (1983), b-carotene according to Pleshkov (1985). The energy value of plants was determined using an IKA C-200 calorimeter. The obtained results were analysed statistically.
Results. The height of plants varied from 140.9 (Genotype 1) to 157.5 (Genotype 5) cm, stem diameter from 11.67 (Genotype 1) to 16.1 (Genotype 6) mm, the number of internodes from 18.7 (Genotype 1) to 25.7 (Genotype 6), the number of leaves on a stem from 14.11 (Genotype 1) to 21.8 (Genotype 5), leaf lamina length from 14.2 (Genotype 1) to 23.45 (Genotype 6) cm, leaf lamina width from 6.34 (Genotype 1) to 14.5 (Genotype 4) cm, inflorescence length from 27.4 (Genotype 1) to 45.4 (Genotype 3) cm, inflorescence width from 2.32 (Genotype 1) to 4.92 (Genotype 3) cm, and the number of stems from 2.55 (Genotype 2) to 5.33 (Genotype 1). The study of the content of structural and functional compounds and nutrients at the flowering stage showed that the dry matter content was in the range of 13.58–16.00%, sugars 5.07–8.86%, titratable acidity 3.28–4.25%, lipids 3.33–6.61%, ascorbic acid 382.83–693.82 mg%, b-carotene 0.94–3.48 mg%, ash 6.79–9.2%, calcium 1.00–2.44%, phosphorus 1.61–2.67% and energy value 3337.0–3498.0 cal/g.
Conclusions. It was revealed that samples of various genotypes of B. orientalis are a valuable source of nutrients at the flowering stage. The biochemical composition of plants depended on the genotype and stage of growth. Results of the morphometric study showed variability of investigated parameters. The obtained data can be used to predict and evaluate the results of introduction and breeding studies with B. orientalis genotypes as promising crops in Ukraine.
Economic justification for growing walnut rootstocks (Juglans regia L.)
Authors: Zatokovyi V. Yu. , Kotsiubynska L. M. , Motorna O. V. , Pavliuk V. A. , Pavliuk N. V.
Published: April 2021

Purpose. To establish economic feasibility of growing walnut rootstocks.
Methods. Walnut seedlings, promising as rootstocks in Ukraine, were studied in nurseries IE Zatokovyi V. Yu. (Sloboda Komarivtsi village, Storozhynets district, Chernivtsi region) during 2018–2020. Economic efficiency of growing rootstocks was determined according to the Method of economic and energy assessment of types of fruit and berry plantations, pomological varieties and the results of technological research in horticulture (2002).
Results. To determine the economic efficiency of seedling cultivation, the technological map of walnut seedling cultivation was analyzed. The largest share in the structure of costs was accounted for by labor remuneration – 86.7%. The reason was the use of manual labor, which accounted for 96.5% of the total technology of growing seedlings. The level of mechanization of cultivation was only 3.5%. The total fuel consumption per 1 hectare was 120.7 liters, or UAH 2,957.20 in monetary terms. Thus, fuel consumption accounted for a small share – 0.4% of the cost of one seedling. One hectare of land provided an output of 65 thousand pcs of walnut seedlings, which amounted to 1,625 thousand UAH at a cost of 25 UAH/piece. Material costs amounted to 46.16 thousand UAH/ha (total costs – 712.43 thousand UAH). Therefore, the cost was extremely low and the level of profitability was extremely high.         
Conclusions. Growing walnut seedlings of the varieties ‘Slava Ukrainy’, ‘Pamiati Zatokovoho’, ‘Lysychanskyi’ is economically feasible. This is due to the relatively low cost of one seedling (UAH 10.82) and high profitability of production of the original breeding material for grafting and planting industrial crops.
Prognostic Value of Troponin I in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ghaleb Alaa A. , Sadky Ahmed , Meghaizel Mohammed A. , El Etriby Shehab
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

Corona Virus Disease (COVID -19) patients present mainly with respiratory manifestations and viral pneumonia. The cardiovascular system presentation includes early signs of acute myocardial injury. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a gold-standard biomarker for necrosis and myocardial risk assessment.

Aim of the work:

This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of cTnI in COVID-19 patients.

Methodology:

We report a prospective study that included 92 COVID-19 patients admitted to the El Helal Hospital, Sohag, Egypt. Upon admission, routine investigations including cTnI, chest Computed Tomography (CT), and Electrocardiogram (ECG) were carried out. The patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) also had echocardiography.

Results:

More than half of the patients (55.4%) were admitted to ICU; cTnI level was elevated in 30 patients (58.8%), of whom 17 died (56.7%). There were statistically significant differences regarding the relation between cTnI level, D-dimer and the need for ICU admission and death (p=0.001).

Conclusion:

We conclude that cardiac troponin I levels are a prognostic factor for ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Diseases Coexisting with Sarcoidosis and Cost of their Treatment in Silesian Voivodeship (Poland)
Authors: Niewiadomska Ewa , Kowalska Małgorzata , Skrzypek Michał
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

Sarcoidosis is a complex systemic disease with many symptoms of unknown etiology. The chronic course of sarcoidosis often allows it to co-occur with other diseases. A coexisting different form of sarcoidosis in some studies and no data regarding the costs of treatment justify the aim of the study. This study aims to assess a different form of sarcoidosis because no current data exist regarding the cost of this treatment.

Methods:

The epidemiological and economic analysis focused on diseases coexisting with sarcoidosis in the adult population of the Silesian Voivodeship (Poland), from 2011 to 2015, was conducted based on the secondary epidemiological data. The study involved 2,922 cases of the primary diagnosis of sarcoidosis (code D86 according to ICD-10) and 505 cases of sarcoidosis coexisting with another.

Results:

One out of ten patients with sarcoidosis has been found to be diagnosed with at least one comorbid disease. The comorbid disease includes diseases of the circulatory and respiratory system as well as endocrine, neoplasms, nutritional and metabolic diseases. The average unit cost of sarcoidosis therapy increases with the number of comorbidities and depends on the nature of the primary diagnosis and type of medical service.

Conclusion:

The epidemiological situation of diseases coexisting with sarcoidosis has been found to be similar to those reported in other European countries. However, neoplasms are one of the most common frequent comorbidities in Poland. The results obtained confirmed the strong impact of comorbidities on the cost of treatment of sarcoidosis.
Ketersediaan Pakan Kambing pada Musim Hujan dan Kering di Lombok Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
Authors: Daning Dewi Ratih Ayu , Martiningsih Anjum
Published: April 2021

Dua survei dilakukan selama musim hujan dan kemarau di Pulau Lombok, Indonesia untuk mempelajari aplikasi pemberian pakan dan pengelolaan kambing yang dipelihara dengan sistem produksi skala kecil. Ditemukan bahwa sejumlah besar hijauan diberikan kepada kambing dengan jenis yang berbeda yang digunakan masing-masing selama musim hujan dan kemarau. Rumput lapang adalah pakan yang paling tersedia dan diberikan kepada kambing sebagai pakan campuran dan satu-satunya. Beberapa hasil samping pertanian seperti padi dan jerami jagung, juga diberikan kepada kambing tetapi dalam jumlah yang lebih kecil. Selanjutnya produksi kambing dijelaskan dengan standar produksi yang baik untuk pengelolaan peternak rakyat
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BISNIS TAMBAK IKAN BANDENG DI DESA MENGARE WATUAGUNG GRESIK
Authors: Nanda Aulia Ersa
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted to analyze the factual conditions in the milkfish pond business, find out the development business strategy, and compile a business plan for milkfish pond business development. This study uses data analysis methods in the form of in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. From the results of the research the factual business conditions on the technical aspects including pond preparation, fertilizing and eradicating pests, acclimatization and spreading nener, feeding, and harvesting have been going well. In the management aspect which consists of planning, organizing, moving, and supervising according to business functions. In the marketing aspects including marketing mix, marketing channels, marketing margins and ways of payment have been distributed to consumers. In the calculation of short-term and long-term financial aspects it can be concluded that this business is profitable and feasible to run financially. The business development strategy with the SWOT analysis is located in quadrant I, which supports aggressive growth policies using the SO (Strength Opportunities) strategy. The strategy used is to maintain the quality of milkfish, conduct training with field extension workers, utilize natural resources, facilities and infrastructure to support business and optimize this business for the better by looking at financial aspects that are viable.
CONSUMER WELL-BEING: PERAN BRAND AUTHENTICITY DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP CONSUMER CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR
Authors: Gunawan Nanang , Suharyono Suharyono , Sunarti Sunarti
Published: April 2021

This article aims to deepen knowledge about the importance of the concept of consumer well-being in marketing research, as well as to build propositions related to the potential for consumer well-being and its consequences for marketing outcomes. Through an in-depth study of the existing literature, it can be revealed that CWB is an important construct in marketing research and consumer behavior. CWB measurement can be done by measuring consumer satisfaction which contributes to several positive states of consumers in the form of positive emotions, attachments, relationships, meaning, and achievement (PERMA). In addition, this article succeeded in building a proposition that brand authenticity can have a significant effect on CWB and marketing outcomes in the form of consumer citizenship behavior. The relationship between these variables is based on self-determination theory.
Investigating the correlation of COVID-19 spread with Baidu search data : Infoveillance Study (Preprint)
Authors: Qi Xiao , WANG Su-Zhen , Feng Jia-Ning , ZHu Gao-Pei , Liu Yu-Jie , Mao Qian , Wang Zhe , Guan Pei-Xia
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has placed an unprecedented pressure on China's public health system. It is imperative to strengthen the capacity of early surveillance and early warning to build a sound public health system. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the multi-channel monitoring and early warning mechanism to improve the ability of real-time analysis and judgment.

OBJECTIVE

To explore the correlation of COVID-19 spread with Baidu search data in Beijing, so as to evaluate the possibility of monitoring the epidemic situation of COVID-19 with Baidu search data.

METHODS

This study compared the daily case counts of COVID-19 outbreak from January 20 to March 1, 2020 with Baidu search data for the same period in Beijing. After keyword selection, filtering and composition, the most correlated lag of the COVID-19 Baidu Search Index (CBSI) was used for comparison and linear regression model development.

RESULTS

Our findings showed a positive relationship of CBSI and the confirmed cases of COVID-19 (ρ=0.711, P < .001). The strongest correlation between COVID-19 confirmed cases and indices, CBSI, was at a lag of -11 days. The regression coefficient β1 of the established regression model was equal to 1.042 (P<.001), R2 was equal to 0.7, which indicated that Baidu search data could reflect 70% of the variation in COVID-19 cases.

CONCLUSIONS

COVID-19 Baidu Search index may be a good monitoring indicator for early detection of COVID-19 outbreaks.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Diminutive Colorectal Polyps in Endoscopic Images: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy (Preprint)
Authors: Bang Chang Seok , Lee Jae Jun , Baik Gwang Ho
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

Most colorectal polyps are diminutive and benign, especially those in the rectosigmoid colon, and the resection of these polyps is not cost-effective. Advancements in image-enhanced endoscopy have improved the optical prediction of colorectal polyp histology. However, subjective interpretability and inter- and intraobserver variability prohibits widespread implementation. The number of studies on computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is increasing; however, their small sample sizes limit statistical significance.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to evaluate the diagnostic test accuracy of CAD models in predicting the histology of diminutive colorectal polyps by using endoscopic images.

METHODS

Core databases were searched for studies that were based on endoscopic imaging, used CAD models for the histologic diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps, and presented data on diagnostic performance. A systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis were performed.

RESULTS

Overall, 13 studies were included. The pooled area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of CAD models for the diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps (adenomatous or neoplastic vs nonadenomatous or nonneoplastic) were 0.96 (95% CI 0.93-0.97), 0.93 (95% CI 0.91-0.95), 0.87 (95% CI 0.76-0.93), and 87 (95% CI 38-201), respectively. The meta-regression analysis showed no heterogeneity, and no publication bias was detected. Subgroup analyses showed robust results. The negative predictive value of CAD models for the diagnosis of adenomatous polyps in the rectosigmoid colon was 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.97), and this value exceeded the threshold of the diagnosis and leave strategy.

CONCLUSIONS

CAD models show potential for the optical histological diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps via the use of endoscopic images.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42021232189; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=232189
Возможности коррекции легочной гипертензии у больных с тяжелым острым респираторным дистресс-синдромом, вызванным COVID-19
Authors: Korsunov V.A. , Skoryk V.S.
Published: April 2021

Актуальность. Болезнь, вызванная SARS-CoV-2, распространилась в мире с декабря 2019 года и приобрела характер пандемии. У большинства пациентов наблюдаются легкие симптомы COVID-19. Однако около 5 % больных нуждаются в лечении в отделениях интенсивной терапии из-за развития острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома (ОРДС), который может сопровождаться легочной гипертензией. Сегодня вопрос интенсивной терапии этих состояний является нерешенным и требует дальнейших исследований. Цель исследования: изучение состояния правых отделов сердца, центральной гемодинамики и влияния на них инфузии 4,2% раствора L-аргинина с 2% левокарнитином при коррекции легочной гипертензии у больных с тяжелой дыхательной недостаточностью, вызванной COVID-19. Материалы и методы. Проведено одноцентровое проспективное несравнительное исследование, в которое в течение мая — августа 2020 г. включены 39 пациентов с тяжелым течением болезни SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), развитием двусторонней пневмонии, ОРДС и легочной гипертензией. Проанализировано влияние инфузии 4,2% раствора L-аргинина с добавлением 2% левокарнитина на результаты интенсивной терапии. Результаты. Использование в/в инфузии 100 мл 4,2% раствора L-аргинина с 2% левокарнитином в сочетании со стандартным лечением в соответствии с приказами и протоколами МЗ Украины позволило снизить легочную гипертензию у больных с тяжелым течением COVID-19 с развитием ОРДС. Выводы. Использование раствора 4,2% L-аргинина и 2% левокарнитина у больных с тяжелым течением COVID-19 можно рассматривать как перспективный метод терапии правожелудочковой недостаточности и легочной гипертензии.
Сравнительный анализ современных подходов к оказанию экстренной медицинской помощи при остром коронарном синдроме в международной практике и в Украине
Authors: Fedak B.S. , Zabashta V.F. , Lobova I.O.
Published: April 2021

Результатом развития научных исследований в области кардиологии стала возможность реализации концепции «золотого времени» для восстановления коронарного кровотока, которая сформировала новое отношение к инфаркту миокарда с признанием его неотложным состоянием, лечение которого требует экстренной госпитализации. В последние годы было проведено достаточное количество мультицентровых исследований, данные которых позволили сформулировать основные стратегические направления оказания помощи больным с острым коронарным синдромом и стали основой для разработки клинических руководств ведущими национальными и международными организациями. Целью работы было проведение сравнительного анализа современных подходов к лечению острого коронарного синдрома в Украине и за рубежом. Во время исследования использовались логический, графический методы и метод системного анализа. В статье освещены современные вопросы классификации острого коронарного синдрома, методы его диагностики и лечения. На основе результатов клинических исследований показаны мировые тенденции в диагностике и лечении острого коронарного синдрома. В статье также обсуждаются вопросы организации медицинской помощи, в частности возможности и проблемы применения реперфузионной терапии при лечении острого коронарного синдрома. Анализ литературных источников и собственные данные свидетельствуют о существовании ряда проблем при лечении острого коронарного синдрома, среди которых важными факторами высокой смертности являются позднее обращение и несвоевременная госпитализация. Организационные мероприятия по улучшению осведомленности пациентов, своевременной диагностике и раннему реперфузионному лечению являются важным шагом в улучшении прогноза при остром коронарном синдроме.
Когнитивный дефицит как следствие общего обезболивания в офтальмохирургии у послеоперационных пациентов
Authors: Dorofeeva G.S.
Published: April 2021

В этом исследовании рассматривалось влияние выбранного метода анестезии на когнитивные функции в послеоперационном периоде. Анализ когнитивного статуса проведен при помощи нейропсихологического тестирования: шкала лобных дисфункций (Frontal Assessment Battery, FAB), краткая шкала оценки психического статуса (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE). Оценивание проводилось в три этапа: накануне оперативного вмешательства, через 6 часов после него и на 21-й день послеоперационного периода. Пациенты были распределены на две группы: больные группы d получали общую анестезию с применением дексмедетомидина за 40 минут до операции, поддержание анестезии — севофлурано-кислородная смесь на малом потоке газа; в группе b общая анестезия была дополнена блокадой крылонебной ямки за 20 минут до вмешательства. Группы были статистически сопоставимы по возрасту и полу. Оценка глубины анальгезии контролировалась при помощи показателя индекса анальгезии при ноцицептивном воздействии (Аnalgesia Nociception Index, ANI), оценка глубины анестезии — по биспектральному индексу (Bispectral index, BIS). Результаты проведенного исследования показали, что согласно данным нейропсихологического тестирования по шкалам MMSE и FAB показатели были более низкими в послеоперационном периоде в группе с использованием общего обезболивания в комбинации с блокадой крылонебной ямки, чем в группе с использованием дексмедетомидина как компонента мультимодального обезболивания (p < 0,001). При оценке результата через 6 часов после оперативного вмешательства в группе b по шкале MMSE показатели снизились на 20,8 %, по шкале FAB — на 28,6 % от начального уровня. При проведении анализа результатов в группе d через 6 часов после оперативного вмешательства показатели когнитивного состояния по шкале MMSE были ниже исходного уровня на 8,3 %, по шкале FAB — на 13,3 %. Нейропсихологическое тестирование на 21-е сутки по шкалам MMSE и FAB зафиксировало восстановление состояния когнитивных функций в обеих группах. Вывод. Когнитивное состояние у офтальмохирургических пациентов после сквозной кератопластики согласно шкалам MMSE и FAB при обоих видах обезболивания существенно отличалось на втором этапе исследования (через 6 часов), а со временем (через 21 день) различия между группами с использованием блокады крылонебной ямки и применением дексмедетомидина стали незначительными (p > 0,05).
Мукоцеле/муцинозная цистаденокарцинома аппендикса
Authors: Lomei Ya.I. , Demkovich T.M. , Lomei Yu.Ya.
Published: April 2021

На человека в современном глобализированном мире значительное влияние оказывает невероятно увеличенный поток информации, получаемой в основном из электронных носителей, бешеные скорости, сложные высокотехнологичные рабочие процессы, нездоровая окружающая среда, иногда непростые отношения в обществе, завышенные требования к себе и другим и тому подобное. Все это приводит к преждевременному истощению творческого ресурса организма, ослаблению его и развитию различных заболеваний, причем в более раннем возрасте, в том числе онкопатологии. Мукоцеле аппендикса относится к редкой патологии с нехарактерными клиническими проявлениями, часто напоминающими острый аппендицит. Оперативное вмешательство должно выполняться с максимальной профилактикой потенциальной диссеминации содержимого опухолевого образования, и объем его зависит от гистологической формы упомянутой патологии. У нашей пациентки хронический болезненный процесс аппендикса остро «взорвался» клиникой острого аппендицита, чем и привлек должное внимание своего носителя и медиков. Вовремя проведенная стандартная аппендэктомия на сегодня привела к выздоровлению больной. Иначе течение заболевания могло бы закончиться неблагоприятно. Целью было напомнить всем о важности своевременной диагностики заболевания, точность которой подтверждает патогистологическое исследование операционного материала измененного болезнью органа. Проанализирован клинический случай мукоцеле/муцинозной цистоаденокарциномы аппендикса у больной В., 51 год, из нашей практической работы, что проявилось симптоматикой острого аппендицита. Представлены результаты лабораторно-инструментального обследования пациентки. Однако настоящие болезненные изменения аппендикса установлены постоперационно.
Обращение проф. С.К. Евтушенко
Authors: Yevtushenko S.K.
Published: April 2021

No abstract
Неврологические и нейропсихические проявления и осложнения инфекции SARS-CoV-2: обзор литературы и презентация клинического случая у ранее здорового взрослого белого мужчины
Authors: Fartushna O.Yе. , Palahuta H.V. , Yevtushenko S.K.
Published: April 2021

Актуальность. C возникновением второй волны COVID-19 стало очевидным, что новый коронавирус (SARS-CoV-2) является широкомасштабным полиорганным заболеванием. Однако неврологические особенности инфекции COVID-19, особенно у молодых, ранее здоровых людей, практически не описаны в литературе. Цель исследования: предоставить краткий обзор неврологических и нейропсихических проявлений и осложнений COVID-19, подкрепленный описанием клинического случая. Материалы и методы. Был проведен всесторонний электронный поиск литературы с использованием баз данных Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Всемирной организации здравоохранения, Ovid и Google Scholar в соответствии с предпочтительными элементами отчетности для систематических обзоров и руководящими принципами метаанализа, чтобы определить статьи, в которых обсуждались неврологические проявления SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Неврологические проявления и осложнения COVID-19 иллюстрируются клиническим случаем у ранее здорового молодого человека белой расы. Результаты и выводы. Неврологические и нейропсихические проявления и осложнения инфекции SARS-CoV-2 варьируют от легких симптомов, таких как головная боль, до более выраженных, включая делирий, маниакальные эпизоды, шизофрению, инсульт, острую геморрагическую некротизирующую энцефалопатию, поперечный миелит, энцефалит, менингит, синдром Гийена — Барре, а также многие другие. Мы представили описательный обзор неврологических и нейропсихических проявлений и осложнений инфекции SARS-CoV-2, подкрепленный клиническим случаем.
Хроническая головная боль как проявление венозного тромбоза дурального синуса
Authors: Sayko O. , Bohdan A. , Malankevich J.
Published: April 2021

Пациентам с мозговым венозным тромбозом (МВТ) присущ широкий спектр клинических проявлений — от головной боли до комы. Хроническая окклюзия венозных синусов твердой мозговой оболочки приводит к формированию ряда компенсаторных явлений, таких как сосудистая коллатерализация, реканализация организованного тромба, эффективность которых и определяет тяжесть состояния и течение заболевания. Целью нашего исследования стало освещение клинической проблемы диагностирования хронического субкомпенсированного МВТ. С учетом того, что такое течение процесса наблюдается в 20 % случаев, около четверти пациентов, у которых заболевание проявляется головной болью неясной этиологии, остаются незамеченными и с низким качеством жизни. Для анализа течения и прогноза заболевания нашей задачей стало тщательное изучение механизмов адаптации организма при хроническом тромбозе дурального синуса в виде формирования системы венозных коллатералей и реканализации. Однако весомым подводным камнем хронической окклюзии венозных синусов твердой мозговой оболочки при отсутствии соответствующего лечения является то, что гемодинамические компенсаторные явления также определяют и высокий риск развития цереброваскулярных катастроф, которые приводят к летальному исходу или инвалидизации. В представленном нами клиническом случае имел место хронический венозный тромбоз поперечного и сигмовидного синусов, который манифестировал мигренеподобным цефалгическим синдромом с вегетативным компонентом и постепенным нарастанием синдрома внутричерепной гипертензии. Без антикоагулянтной терапии венозный дренаж через коллатеральные пути, отсроченная реканализация тромбированных синусов осуществлялись у пациента неэффективно, что привело к формированию диффузного отека, вторичному повреждению мозговой ткани. После проведения тщательного обследования, установления диагноза, назначения индивидуализированного лечения и длительного наблюдения с коррекцией терапии у пациента имел место регресс симптомов МВТ. Церебральная МР-венография — это важный инструмент в диагностике и прогнозе данного заболевания. Таким образом, пациентам с длительным анамнезом головной боли, которая не поддается лечению и имеет признаки внутричерепной гипертензии, нужно проводить МР-венографию. Тем не менее в случаях геморрагических инсультов неясного генеза, которые не соответствуют артериальным территориям, часто возникает необходимость исследовать состояние вен головного мозга и твердомозговых синусов. С целью индивидуального анализа течения и прогноза заболевания необходимо изучать формирование венозных коллатералей и процессов реканализации тромбов дурального синуса пациента.
Рекомендации Международной ассоциации детской нефрологии по диагностике и ведению детей со стероидорезистентным нефротическим синдромом (СРНС)
Authors: Authors No
Published: April 2021

No abstract
Гломерулярные поражения почек у детей с ювенильным ревматоидным артритом (обзор литературы)
Authors: Borysova T.P. , Samsonenko S.V. , Vakulenko L.I. , Makoviichuk O.O.
Published: April 2021

Обзор литературы посвящен описанию различных форм гломерулонефрита (ГН) у детей с полиартикулярной и системной формами ювенильного ревматоидного артрита (ЮРА). В доступной литературе представлен 21 клинический случай развития ГН, а именно: ANCA-ассоциированный ГН, мезангиопролиферативный ГН, в том числе IgA- и IgМ-нефропатия, мембранозная нефропатия, фокально-сегментарный гломерулосклероз, болезнь минимальных изменений, экстракапиллярный ГН. Механизм гломерулярных поражений при ЮРА объясняется гиперпродукцией провоспалительных цитокинов, а также нефротоксическим действием базисных противовоспалительных лекарственных средств. Подробно проанализированы клинические проявления и эффективность проводимой терапии каждого варианта ГН у детей с ЮРА. Больше всего публикаций посвящено ANCA-ассоциированному ГН, который развился у пациентов с торпидным течением и высокой степенью активности полиартикулярной и системной форм ЮРА. Особенностью ANCA-ассоциированного ГН явилось наличие гиперкреатининемии и практически в половине случаев— развитие терминальной почечной недостаточности, несмотря на проводимую иммунодепрессивную терапию. Единичные случаи других вариантов ГН описаны более 10 лет назад. Клинически отмечались протеинурия и реже— нефротический синдром, что стало основанием для прижизненного морфологического исследования почек. Иммунодепрессивная терапия была эффективной при мезангиопролиферативном ГН и болезни минимальных изменений. Во всех случаях при фокально-сегментарном гломерулосклерозе, экстракапиллярном ГН отмечено формирование терминальной почечной недостаточности. Благоприятный прогноз оказался у детей с мембранозной нефропатией, индуцированной препаратами, после отмены последних. Представлены публикации с положительным терапевтическим эффектом применения генно-инженерных биологических препаратов при ANCA-ассоциированном ГН, IgМ-нефропатии, гормонорезистентном варианте болезни минимальных изменений у детей с ЮРА.
Financial Comparison of Bamboo and Sengon Cultivation
Authors: Prasetyo Haris , Nurrochmat Dodik Ridho , Sundawati Leti
Published: April 2021

Bamboo is proven to provide multi-benefits from the aspects of production, ecology and socio-economic. However, bamboo is still not fully developed. People tend to replace bamboo with wood species which are considered to be more profitable, one of them is sengon. The purpose of this study was to analyze bamboo management practices carried out by farmers and compare between sengon and bamboo cultivation which is more financially profitable. Financial analysis conducted includes: Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Analysis of market aspect and social aspect using the Market Analysis and Development (MA&D) method. The sensitivity analysis is carried out on the condition of fixed income while costs increase by 10% and 30% and fixed costs while income rises by 10% and 30%. The analysis included the analysis of market aspect and social aspect. The results of the financial analysis showed that the cultivation of petung bamboo with a spacing of 6x6 meters gave the highest yield with NPV value of IDR330.329.538, BCR 29.10 and IRR of 25.18%. Nevertheless; looking at market and social aspects, bamboo and sengon can be developed in agroforestry to ensure sustainability and continuity of income for farmers. Bamboo and sengon cultivation business is feasible to be conducted because the high demand which cannot be met from the existing sources.