bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Regionalization of Indonesian Maritime Continent Rainfall based on Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG)
Authors: Yuda IWA , Osawa T , Nagai M , Prasetia R
Published: December 2021

The need for adequate rainfall data in all regions of Indonesia cannot be achieved only by relying on ground observation tools. This work aims to evaluate the application of spatial satellite rainfall data in characterizing rainfall associated with climatic condition over Indonesia. This study applied an Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) data using a double correlation method (DCM). The analysis was carried out in the period April 2014 to March 2019. Before regionalization, IMERG V06 data were validated using observed rainfall data from the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics of the Republic of Indonesia (BMKG). The results showed that 96% of 154 total validation locations have a high correlation score between IMERG and rain gauges (r = 0.5 – 0.97). IMERG was also able to identify monthly and annual rainfall patterns in Indonesia. Based on DCM, we obtained four rainfall regions in Indonesia. Region A has the monsoonal characteristic, covers central and south Indonesia from south Sumatra to Nusa Tenggara, south parts of Kalimantan, some areas of Sulawesi, and parts of Papua. Region B has an equatorial pattern (semi-monsoonal), located in the equatorial area of Indonesia and covers the west and east part of Sumatra and the north-central part of Kalimantan. Region C, with an anti-monsoonal pattern, covers Maluku, western-central Papua, and parts of Sulawesi. Region D is influenced by monsoon and cold surge characteristics, located in the north part of Sumatera and a small portion of northern Kalimantan to the South China Sea region. Besides the new region D, this research also showed five other differences between IMERG-based map and gridded rain gauges’ data-based map (2003). The regionalization results based on IMERG reveal that there is a possibility of updating areas with certain rainfall characters in Indonesia related to resolution, density, and updates data sources.
Impacts of the MJO on Rainfall at Different Seasons in Indonesia
Authors: Permana D S , Supari
Published: December 2021

The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of intraseasonal variability of rainfall in Indonesia, but its signal is often obscured in individual station data, where effects are most directly felt at the local level. This study aims to investigate the general impacts of MJO on rainfall at different seasons in Indonesia, particularly during boreal summer. Impacts of the MJO on daily rainfall anomaly during the four climatic seasons: DJF, MAM, JJA, and SON in Indonesia have been evaluated using in-situ data from 86 stations during 1981 - 2012 and remote sensing data using GPM IMERGV06 from 2001 - 2019. The greatest impact of the MJO on rainfall over Indonesia occurs during the DJF and MAM seasons (austral summer), with the magnitude varying across regions. Enhanced rainfall generally occurs over the western parts of Indonesia on phases 2 to 4, central parts of Indonesia on phase 4, and eastern parts of Indonesia on phases 4 to 5. Conversely, suppressed rainfall generally occurs over the western parts of Indonesia on phases 5 to 8, central parts of Indonesia on phases 6 to 8, and eastern parts of Indonesia on phases 1 to 2 and 6 to 8. In addition, the MJO influence during the JJA and SON seasons are slightly less, in terms of intensity, than during the DJF and MAM seasons, which is likely due to the northward shift of ITCZ and, hence, the intraseasonal oscillation convective envelope during boreal summer. Generally, enhanced rainfall occurs over the western and northern parts of Indonesia on phases 2 to 3, and suppressed rainfall on phases 6 to 7. The results indicate that convectively active MJO may increase the possibility of daily extreme rainfall in particular regions in Indonesia at different seasons.
Development of air quality mobile tools for observation
Authors: Hakim I T , Budianto B , Immanuel GS , Rakhman A , Kinasih S A K W , Boer R
Published: December 2021

Mobile weather stations are needed because of their better coverage balance than stationary stations. Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity Management in Southeast Asia Pacific (CCROM-SEAP) of Bogor Agricultural University (Institut Pertanian Bogor or IPB University) developed a low-cost mini observation system using Espressif ESP32 DOIT Development Kit V1 module, which based on the internet of things (IoT) to monitor real-time meteorological elements (such as temperature, humidity, and pressure), CO2, PM2.5, and PM10 concentration for Bogor (Center of Bogor City). With Firebase (database service by Google) integration, the system records data every 2 minutes and sent automatically to Firebase. We also create an unpublished android application called ServMo for exporting JSON to CSV format. The results show this system has a good performance for real-time monitoring purposes for a better balance of measurements coverage.
Coverage Sensitivity of High-Rise Tower NIES Monitoring System
Authors: Effendi A , Budianto B , Immanuel G S , Rakhman A , Kinasih S A K W , Boer R
Published: December 2021

National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) and Centre for Climate Risk and Opportunity Management in Southeast Asia Pacific (CCROM-SEAP) working together to develop a beneficial monitoring system for measuring air pollutants. The monitoring system consists of system control units and instrument for measuring pollutants and located in a high-rise tower. This system can count how much anthropogenic and nature emission in this region. The primary sources of pollutants from the anthropogenic activity are traffic from vehicular transportation. This research focuses on air pollutants in the form of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), Ozone (O3), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). This research aims to measure the spatial coverage sensitivity of this NIES monitoring system in capturing the effect of the nearest traffic in Bogor. The method used is a sampling method using one day of data with the criteria of no rain and wind speed below two m/s to avoid washing out pollutants and turbulence from these pollutants. The data used are pollutants data on Saturday, June 6th 2020, as sampling data and data traffic in Bogor City. The result from this research is NIES monitoring system can catch air pollutants in Bogor and can measure as far a radius of 0,01 degrees from the NIES monitoring system.
Effect of ozone precursors on surface ozone variations in GAW Kototabang and Cibeureum
Authors: Utami A I , Nasution R I , Asnia M
Published: December 2021

Ozone composition is widely distributed in the troposphere. Surface ozone, known as a secondary pollutant, is a by-product of burning fossil fuels. Increasing the concentration of GHG (CO2, CH4, and CO) as precursors can affect the surface ozone concentration. This study aims to determine the type of precursor that affects the concentration of surface ozone and also to determine the impact of surface ozone and its precursors in rural and remote areas. In general, surface ozone concentrations in both Kototabang and Cibereum begin to increase at 08 – 09 WIB, following the increase in solar radiation intensity, and decrease at 18 – 19 WIB. This pattern is because surface ozone is a secondary pollutant formed by photochemical reactions, in which the photochemical reactions are triggered by energy from solar radiation. The correlation of the surface ozone concentration with CO2, CH4, and CO in the Cibeureum was -0.17, 0.31, and 0.40. The correlation values of surface ozone concentration with CO2, CH4, and CO in the Cibeureum area are 0.09, 0.45, and 0.48. The highest correlation is shown by a CO correlation of 0.40. moreover the highest correlation is shown by a CO correlation of 0.48. The results in this study indicate the effect of each precursor on surface ozone concentration and the accompanying processes.
Evaporation Climate Zonation Based on Observation Data in Indonesia Using Cluster Analysis
Authors: Putra I D G A , Perdana R B , Sopaheluwakan A , Suryadi
Published: December 2021

Identification of regional evaporation zones is very important because information on the classification of evaporation patterns in an area can be used for various purposes, one of which is knowing the amount of water in the reservoir that is lost due to evaporation. In this study, the evaporation zone in Indonesia was created using cluster analysis. The evaporation data from 127 BMKG observation stations for 6 years from 2014 to 2019 were used after the normal monthly calculation was then standardized with mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1 to ensure that all variables were given the same weight so that it became the 127 x 12 matrix used in the analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis was chosen to regionalize evaporation. Five different techniques are applied to initially determine the most suitable method for the area. Cluster stability is also tested. It was decided that the Ward method is the most likely to produce acceptable results in this evaporation variable. 3 different classifications of evaporation zones are found in Indonesia. Evaporation zone 1 forms a seasonal cycle with one peak evaporation that occurs with the highest peak occurring in August and the minimum evaporation occurring in February in areas in the northern and central regions of Sumatra island, eastern Kalimantan, parts of Java island, North Sulawesi and West Papua. Evaporation zone 2 forms a seasonal cycle with two peaks that occur in December and March and minimum evaporation occurs in June which is in the southern region of the island of Sumatra, almost the entire island of Kalimantan, a small part of the island of Java, central Sulawesi, the archipelago. Maluku as well as the northern island of Papua. Evaporation zone 3 forms a seasonal cycle with one peak evaporation that occurs in October and the minimum evaporation occurs in June which is in a small area of the island of Central Sumatra, South Kalimantan, the west coast of Sulawesi, and all parts of the island of Nusa Tenggara.
Application of Consecutive Dry Days (CDD) Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) Prediction to Support Agricultural Sector in South Sulawesi Rice Production Centers
Authors: Setiawan A M , Koesmaryono Y , Faqih A , Gunawan D
Published: December 2021

Sufficient water availability during the vegetative, reproductive, and early ripening phases of the rice plants is essential. Information on drought, such as Consecutive Dry Days (CDD) predictions in this period, became very crucial and had an important role in maintaining rice production stability. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of CDD Multi-Model Ensemble prediction, which is applied to South Sulawesi rice production centers. CDD observation was calculated using high resolution gridded precipitation blending data, obtained from BMKG precipitation network stations and the daily-improved Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) version 2.0. The North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) monthly precipitation hindcast data during 1982 – 2010 periods from each nine individual global climate models were used to develop seasonal CDD predictions. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Standard Verification for Long Range Forecast (SVS-LRF) method applied to describe this CDD prediction performance on four different seasons. Investigation of model performance during strong El Niño event in 1997 also conducted in order to get general skill overview regarding extreme climate event. Best performance of CDD prediction generally occurred during JJA and DJF period. MME CDD prediction shows better performance compared to individual model performance for almost all season. Spatial coherence between prediction and observation over rice production centers during 1997 El Niño confirms the skill of CDD predictions. The application of this prediction on agricultural sector will be very useful in order to support rice production sustainability and food security. Further analysis result can be found on full paper.
Diversity of mangrove species associated with zonation in Lubuk Kertang Village and Pulau Sembilan, North Sumatra
Authors: Nawar M K , Basyuni M , Hanum C
Published: December 2021

The Research about the diversity of mangrove species associated with zonation in Lubuk Kertang Village and Pulau Sembilan, Langkat Regency, North Sumatera was conducted in March – April 2021. This study aims to determine the diversity of mangrove species based on zoning observations in Lubuk Kertang Village and Pulau Sembilan. The research was conducted using the exploration method. The observation zone for the diversity of mangrove species is divided into three zones, namely zone 1 in brackish or almost fresh waters behind the actual green mangroves, zone 2 along the river, brackish to almost fresh, and zone 3 on the part facing the sea. The results of the study were fifteen mangrove species with two different mangrove groups, namely four true mangrove species (Lumnitzera racemosa, L. littorea, Nypa fruticans, and Scyphyphora hydrophyllacea) and eleven associated mangrove species (A. auriculiformis, Barringtonia asiatica, Casuarina equestifolia, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Melastoma candidum, Morinda citrifolia, Pandanus odoratatissima, Pongamia. Pinnata, Sesuvium portulcastrum, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, and Terminalia catappa). Furthermore, the observations in zone 1 were dominated by mangrove association groups, namely A. auriculiformis, B. asiatica, C. equestifolia, H. tiliaceus, M. candidum, M. citrifolia, P. odoratatissima, P. pinnata, S. portulcastrum, S. jamaicensis, and T. catappa, in zone 2, namely L. littorea and L. racemosa and in zone 3, namely N. fruticans and S. hydrophyllacea, zones 2 and 3 are dominated by true mangrove groups. This shows that data on the diversity of mangrove species is very necessary to preserve mangrove species in Lubuk Kertang Village and Pulau Sembilan and the growing zone of mangrove species is natural zoning of mangrove forests.
Contact angle of modified fibrovascular bundle of salacca (Salacca sumatrana Becc.) frond by NaOH+Na2SO3 combination
Authors: Hakim L , Widyorini R , Nugroho W D , Prayitno T A , Lubis Y S
Published: December 2021

The fibrovascular bundle (FVB) of the salacca frond is one of the potential raw materials in the development of bio-composite technology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the wettability of FVB using the contact angle method after the alkali modification treatment. The method of this research was to use FVB frond of Salacca sumatrana Becc. which was treated with alkaline modification of the combination of NaOH+Na2SO3 at various concentrations. The results showed that the combination of NaOH 1M+Na2SO3 0.4 M had the smallest contact angle, which means that the FVB has a good wettability value compared to the control treatment. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the modification of NaOH+Na2SO3 can increase the wettability of FVB.
The Contribution of Gambir (Uncaria gambir roxb) Based Agroforestry System on Regional Development in Pakpak Bharat District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Bangun R H , Hakim L , Jayusman
Published: December 2021

Gambir (Uncaria GambirRoxb.) is one of the non-timber forest product commodities developed by Pakpak Bharat society has beneficial for the health and raw materials of the industry. This research aims to determine the contribution of gambir to the local economy, identifying the district production base of gambir commodities as well as characteristics of spreading gambir commodities to support the economic development of the Pakpak Bharat District. The study was using secondary data of time series from 2015 to 2019. Location Quotient (LQ) was used for localization and specialization analysis, as well as for basic service ratio (BSR) and regional multiplier (RM) analysis. The results showed that the region of the gambir commodity base based on the production indicator consists of Salak subdistrict, Sitellu Tali Urung Jehe sub-district, Pergetteng Getteng Sengkut sub-district, and Tinada sub-district. The gambir community forest is not concentrated in one region but is scattered in several sub-districts. Pakpak Bharat District also does not specialize in gambir community forest. Gambir commodities can support plantation activities and the regional economy in Pakpak Bharat District. The existence of the gambir community forest supports economic activity in the form of the multiplier effect generated for the sub-districts in Pakpak Bharat District. The multiplier effect is generated in the form of increasing community income and the absorption of manpower both in the plantation subsectors and other sectors.
The effect of information technology on coastal development in Asahan Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Syafiq M , Sirojuzilam  , Badaruddin  , Purwoko A
Published: December 2021

This research aims to examine the relationship between information technology and coastal development in Asahan Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Through this research, coastal community opinions were collected using structured questionnaires. A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was employed to test a hypothesized model constructed based on theories and previous studies. In addition, a new combination of existing indicators was used as a novelty of this research. The research result indicates that information technology has not significantly affected coastal development. Theoretical and practical implications of the research findings for policymakers are discussed.
Outbreaks of a new invasive pest, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Herlinda S , Sinaga M E , Ihsan F , Fawwazi F , Suwandi S , Hasbi  , Irsan C , Suparman  , Muslim A , Hamidson H , Arsi  , Umayah A , Irmawati
Published: December 2021

Spodoptera frugiperda is polyphagous besides attacking maize, it can attack other plant species from various families. Information about the attack and population of S. frugiperda in various maize production centers in Indonesia is still limited. This study aimed to find out the population and attack of S. frugiperda in South Sumatra. Surveys were carried out from the lowlands to the highlands of South Sumatra, such as Palembang City, Pagar Alam City, Lahat City, Ogan Ilir District, Prabumulih City, Muara Enim District, Banyuasin District. The mean percentage severity of S. frugiperda in South Sumatra reached 34.75%, and its percentage of mean incidence reached 78%. The highest larvae density was found in Pagaralam City with an average of 0.29 larvae/100 plants, while the lowest was found in Muara Enim District (0.08 larvae/100 plants). The population density of larvae began to occur at the age of 3 to 5 weeks, after that the larvae were not found in maize fields. We found that outbreaks of S. frugiperda have occured in the South Sumatra.
isolation of cellulose from agricultural waste using different treatments : A review
Authors: Yustira A , Harahap H , Nasution H , Pranata A
Published: December 2021

Cellulose is one of the natural resources that are very abundant in nature. Cellulose is the main component in plant cell wall, so that abundant availability makes it potential to be used as a more valuable product. Cellulose can be obtained from agricultural wastes such as pea peels, rice straw, cucumber peels, eggplant stems, and coconut husks to produce cellulose. This cellulose has good biodegradability and biocompatibility so that it can be widely beneficial in the industrial sector. The product was obtained by a method developed for isolating cellulose by alkali treatment, acid hydrolysis, delignification process, and bleaching. The best cellulose from agricultural waste utilization is indicated by the crystallinity value in pea peels of 79% and yield of rice straw 90.28%, which is better than other agricultural wastes.
Morphology characteristics and length weight relationship of sucker barb fish (Barbichtyhys laevis Valenciennes 1842)
Authors: Desrita  , Rambey R , Saleh R , Susetya I E , Yusni E , Maiyah N
Published: December 2021

Sucker barb fish is one of the potential of fish resources in Tasik river. This study aimed to determine the morphometric and meristic characteristics of the growth of sucker barb fish in the Tasik River. The method used in this study is a survey method using the fishing net and gillnet with mesh size 1,5 inches. The nets are placed in the afternoon, then lifted in the morning. This is done 3 times with a span of 2 weeks in the three research stations. The number of samples collected were 135 fish. The morphometric characteristics of sucker barb fish are bodyweight (BT) ranging from 9-85 g, total length (PT) ranging from 100-230 mm, standard length (PS) ranging from 75-176 mm, head length (PK) of 20-42 mm, snout length (PM) of 30 mm, the height of dorsal fin (TSP) of 40 mm, length of the base of dorsal fin (PPSP) of 15-30 mm, eye diameter (DM) of 10 mm, caudal peduncle (TBE) of 8-22 mm, body height (TB) of 17-40 mm, pectoral fin length (PSD) of 30 mm and pelvic fin length (PSP) of 25 mm. Meristic characteristics are the characteristics of counting the scales and fins of sucker barb fish. The number of scales in the lateral lines (LL) is 35-38, the body coiled scales (SMB) are 6, the scales around the pectoral fin (PF) P 10-14, anal fin (AF) A 8 and caudal fin (CF) C 18. The growth pattern of sucker barb fish in the Tasik River is allometric negative
Ex-situ conservation through selection and breeding: A Review On 15 Years Toona sinensis Roem. & Toona sureni Merr. base populations
Authors: Jayusman  , Fiani A , Pudjiono S , Hakim L
Published: December 2021

The ex-situ conservation of Toona sinensis and Toona sureni or surian weren’t supported list threatened species threat but by reduction of huge trees and leaving only small trees that are identical with the reduction of their genetic potential. Genetic potential plays a crucial role within the development of basic and breeding populations. The existence of the 15-year ex-situ conservation plot requires evaluation for simpler management to extend conservation value. The conservation area has collected genetic material from 52 populations from various islands in Indonesia and the progeny test area by testing 100 families from 10 selected populations because the basic source for assembling selected genetic material to supply superior seeds. Currently, genetic material from surian ex-situ conservation has been wont to develop genetic tests that are converted into seed orchards. Limitations of ex-situ conservation include maintenance of genetic material in artificial habitats, decreased genetic diversity, depression of close relative mating, adaptation to climate stress, and the potential for accumulation of weak alleles.it’s many constraints in terms of personnel, costs, and reliance on electrical power sources. supported the challenges within the future, efforts are needed to revamp through the unification of ex-situ conservation and progeny test management to support breeding population development. Strengthening the ex-situ conservation value of T. sinensis & T. sureni can be optimalization through solving all identified challenges and strengthening long-term management.
Cupcake from composite flour based on natural local resources (modified breadfruit, purple sweet potato, mocaf, saga seed)
Authors: Oktriandi E , Nurminah M , Lubis Z
Published: December 2021

Cupcakes is a kind of bakery that consist wheat flour, sugar,butter,and egg. We made cupcakes from composite flour that based on Indonesian local resources. A factorial completely randomized design, cupcakes using formulations of 4 flour, consist one factor (P: comparison composite flour consist: modified bread flour : purple sweet potato flour : mocaf : saga seed flour): P1 (50% : 30% : 20% : 0%); P2 (45% : 35% : 15% : 5%); P3 (40% : 40% : 10% : 10%); P4 (35% : 45% : 5% : 15%); P5 (100% modified breadfruit flour); P6 (100% purple sweet potato flour); P7 (100% mocaf); P8 (100% wheat flour). The research showed that the mixture of 4 flour P1 (50%: 30%: 20%: 0%) produced the best quality cupcakes
Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in tissues of keperas (Cyclocheilichthys apogon Val. 1842) in Lake Lau Kawar, North Sumatra
Authors: Wahyudi  , Barus T A , Ilyas S
Published: December 2021

Lake Lau Kawar is one of the exposed areas in North Sumatra by the volcanic ash originating from Mount Sinabung eruption. The lake has been utilized as a tourism site and fish resources for consumption by the local community. Keperas (Cyclocheilichthys apogon Val. 1842) is one of the native fish commonly caught by the community. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of selected heavy metals such as copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) accumulated by C. apogon and the ones present in the lake water. The results showed that Zn present in the highest concentration followed by Cu and Pb as similar to the results from bioconcentration factor (BCF). All heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) exhibited their highest concentrations in the gills, while the muscles possessed the lowest concentrations of all metals. Risk assessment based on the national and internasional standard revealed that the concentration of these metals was relatively low and safe for consumption.
Deconstruction of the ultimum remedium basic concept on protection and management tropical biodiversity
Authors: Dewi D K , Syahrin A , Suhaidi  , Ekaputra M , Putra T A D
Published: December 2021

The biological potential in Indonesia is no longer managed and protected. So far Indonesia has had biologically related laws and regulations, but its implementation is still weak and less effective. Therefore, Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management or called UUPPLH mentioned the management and protection of biodiversity based UUPPLH namely two principles in law of criminal provision, the principle of remedium ultimum which is an effort, and the principle of premium remedium that takes care of the law. So far many mistakes in interpreting the application of the principle of remedium ultimum which is said to make it difficult for law enforcement to enforce environmental criminal laws and can shackle law enforcements in carrying out task of environmental law enforcement. In addition, it is also said that the principle of remedium ultimum can also harm the environment due to violations of waste water quality standards, emissions, and disturbances that take precedence is the administration of administrative sanctions, meaning that there is no deterrent effect on perpetrators. Therefore, it is necessary to deconstruct the principle of remedium ultimum in the proper enforcement of environmental criminal law including structuring and enforcement (compliance) which can also be a view of criminal law that can be used as an instrument in the framework of protection and management of tropical biodiversity, especially the environment and can bring consequences for the intertwining of criminal law with administrative law. The results of the research are based on UUPPLH that can protect biodiversity by Indonesia and reconstruct the principle of ultimum remedium in environmental law. Research methods using normative legal research on philosophical.
Application of analytical hierarchy process in implementation of community forest management permit work plan
Authors: Sitanggang R F , Rahmawaty  , Zaitunah A
Published: December 2021

Community Forest Utilization Business Permit (CFUBP), is a permit granted to utilize forest resources in forest areas whose main use is intended to empower local communities. This study aims to analyze the priority level of the implementation of the Annual Work Plan (AWP) for CF management in Bina Mangrove Forest Farmers Group (FFG), Sentang Village, Teluk Mengkudu District, Serdang Bedagai District. The research was conducted from January to March 2021 using primary and secondary data. The method used is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using expert choice software tools. The data collection method is Focus Group Discussion (FGD). From the results of seeding with AHP, the priority for implementing the Annual Work Plan (AWP) for CF management in the Bina Mangrove FFG is the forest utilization criteria with a value of 0.54. The criteria for forest protection or security, development of local wisdom, monitoring and evaluation are next with the same value of 0.14. The criteria for marking the boundaries of the working area or zoning are in the last order with a value of 0.04. The value of inconsistency is 0.08.
Particleboard from kemenyan wood and belangke bamboo: effect of particle pre-treatment in acidic solution
Authors: Iswanto A H , Tanfiz R , Hartono R , Oktaviani F , Putra A R , Sucipto T , Hakim L , Azhar I , Manurung H , Darwis A , Samsuri  , Zaitunah A , Arinah H , Susilowati A , Elfiati D , Rangkuti A B , Syahputra O K H , Harahap M M , Ulfa M , Rambey R
Published: December 2021

Dimensional stability is a significant problem in particleboard. This study aims to analyze the effect of immersing particles in an acid solution on particleboard’s physical and mechanical properties made of kemenyan (Styrax sumatrana) wood and belangke (Gigantochloa pruriens) bamboo. The particles were immersed in each acid solution for 24 h, and then dried to reach 9% water content. The particleboard was made with a 25x25 cm2 with a target thickness and density of 1 cm and 0.70 g/cm3, respectively. After being made into sheets, the next step is hot pressing using a hot press machine that has set the temperature, time, and pressure at 160 °C, 5 min, and 30 kg/cm2, respectively. The results showed that immersion in the acid solution can stabilize the dimensions of the resulting particleboard but does not reduce the strength of the board. Several board properties have met the standards, such as density, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture, and internal bond.
Local wisdom of communities around the forest and its implementation in the development of nature tourism on outer ring road of Lake Toba
Authors: Purwoko A , Patana P , Putra R I
Published: December 2021

Nature tourism can also act as one of the drivers of regional development and can be a window for efforts to introduce the potential of natural resources, values and culture owned by a country or a region. Therefore, the development of natural tourism is required to be able to mix forms of natural tourism that are attractive but unique and cover all aspects of locality in it. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of local wisdom owned by the community around the forest and the implementation of local wisdom in the development of natural tourism along the outer ring of Lake Toba on the Merek Section. This research method is a form of descriptive qualitative research with information and data from various representative sources. The results of the study indicate that existing local wisdom includes wisdom that is tangible (textual, buildings, and objects of cultural heritage) and intangible (advice delivered orally and is passed down from generation to generation, and chanting or poetry that has traditional teaching values). These wise values are found in various sources such as the traditional house of the Karo Tribe in the Dokan Cultural Village, the Penusur Sira Ritual and the Joroh Joroh tourist attraction. The forms of implementation of local wisdom in the development of nature tourism include the application of an attitude of togetherness (mutual cooperation), kinship, courtesy, hospitality, concern for others, harmony with nature, problem solving system, active work, obedient to people and leaders, educational culture, conservation culture, concern for the environment, and values related to a culture of healthy living in the management of nature tourism.
Vegetation density analysis using normalized difference vegetation index in East Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Zaitunah A , Samsuri  , Marbun Y M H , Susilowati A , Elfiati D , Syahputra O K H , Arinah H , Rangkuti A B , Rambey R , Harahap M M , Ulfa M , Iswanto A H , Sucipto T , Hakim L , Azhar I , Manurung H
Published: December 2021

East Jakarta, which is included in the DKI Jakarta Province, continues to grow in population. As a result, the demand for settlement land increases. The presence of plants is critical for environmental equilibrium. The purpose of this study was to determine the vegetation density and its variations in East Jakarta year 2020. The method used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis and classification. In 2020, the highest NDVI value in East Jakarta was 0.1–0.2, covering 7,952.64 ha (43.07 %) of the entire area, while the lowest value was >0.6, covering 0.06 ha of the total area. The highest vegetation density class in East Jakarta was low dense class, accounting for 7,951.26 ha (43.06 percent) of the whole area, while the lowest density class was under high dense class accounted for 1,116.41 ha (6.04 percent) of the total area. In terms of green open space, there were a city park, a cemetery, a green lane on a road, and a river bank. The municipal park was classified as dense, while the rest were classified as medium dense. The presence of trees within the green space has aided in the area’s vegetation density. It also refers to the role of open green space in enhancing the community’s life and environment’s quality. The importance of educating and guiding the surrounding community about the benefits of vegetation or green open space, then replanting less vegetated land, as well as an integrated land use planning and implementation.The first section in your paper
Spatial model of human-sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) conflict vulnerability in Besitang, Indonesia
Authors: Sulistiyono N , Maulana M I , Pramuja I , Patana P , Purwoko A
Published: December 2021

Sumatran orangutan is one of the key species of wildlife that live in the Besitang forest landscape. Conflicts between sumatran orangutans and humans often occur along with the narrowing of sumatran orangutan habitat. The importance of knowing the distribution of locations at risk of human-wildlife conflict is expected to be used as a reference in efforts to mitigate the occurrence of human-wildlife conflict. This study aimed to get information about the vulnerability distribution of human-sumatran orangutan conflict (HSOC) based on influenced factors in Besitang. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is used to select and weight the factors that are thought to influence the distribution of HSOC. Overlay analysis of the factors influencing HSOC distribution is done using Geographic Information System (GIS). The results of the study showed that the vulnerability of HSOC could be divided into three classes namely, the highly vulnerable areas of conflict are 35,282.16 ha (21.66), medium vulnerable areas are 55,662.57 ha (34.17%) and not vulnerable areas are 71,960.85 ha (44.17%). This research will be helpful as an early warning system in HSOC mitigation efforts.
The effect solvent type on natural fiber immersion process on tensile strength of cellulose-based bioplastic
Authors: Pranata A , Nasution H , Harahap H , Yustira A
Published: December 2021

Environmental pollution caused by the use of conventional plastics is increasing. This is due to the high use of conventional plastics and the difficulty of being degraded in nature. Several studies continue to be developed to make plastics that are easily degraded in nature, namely bioplastics. Bioplastic is a type of plastic made from renewable materials and can be decomposed in nature with the help of microorganisms. The manufacture of bioplastics is done by dissolving raw materials such as rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, cocoa husks, and tea waste into various solvents, namely trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), N, N-dimethylformamine (DMF), trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (TFAn), and citric acid. The resulting bioplastics were analyzed for tensile strength and elongation at break. The results showed that the use of rice straw as a raw material in the manufacture of bioplastics showed good results where the composition of the high cellulose content of rice straw was 61.8% and the tensile strength that had met SNI was 43 MPa using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as a solvent. However, a good elongation at break was produced by cocoa husks with a value of 28% using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAn) as solvents.
Analysis of the attractions of Tangkahan Nature Tourism Area, Gunung Leuser National Park, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Purwoko A , Thoha A S , Syamsinar
Published: December 2021

Tangkahan Nature Tourism Area is one of the leading tourism destinations in Sumatera Utara Province for local, national and international tourists. It certainly has several attractions in great demand by tourists. Studies related to attractions are required as a basis for its development. The objective this research is to analyze description and attraction of the Tangkahan Nature Tourism Area, Gunung Leuser National Park, Langkat Regency, Sumatera Utara Province. Observations, structured interviews and surveys are the methods used to determine the attraction of objects. Attraction level data are analyzed using Likert Scale measurements. The results show that the natural attractions of Tangkahan include beauty of the natural panorama, elephant baths, hot springs, river tubing, patrolling with elephants, waterfalls, and river cruises, each of which has values of beauty, uniqueness, exclusiveness, and adventure. adventure. Overall attractions in the Tangkahan nature tourism area is classified into Attractive category with a total score of 2,781. The attraction in Very Attractive category (the most desired by visitors) is river cruises with a score of 432. The attractions in Interesting category are patrols with elephants (score 419), river tubing (scores 415), elephant baths (score 407), beauty natural panorama (scores 396), and waterfalls (score 379). The object in lowest attraction category (medium category) is hot spring with a score of 333.
Analysis of the vitality of the Agathis dammara tree at Situ Gunung Resort, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
Authors: Maulana I R , Safe’i Rahmat , Rochmah Siti Fauzia
Published: December 2021

Vitality is the vigor value of the trees in responding to environmental conditions. Determined vitality value was by calculating tree damage and crown condition. The Agathis dammara tree is a native Indonesian plant in the Situ Gunung Resort, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP). This study aims to determine the vitality and value of the health status of Agathis dammara trees at Situ Gunung Resort, TNGGP. The research location is in the utilization zone at the Situ Gunung Resort, TNGGP, covering an area of 700 haBuilt observation plots based on the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) cluster plot design as many as nine cluster plots. They have calculated tree damage based on the location where found the damage was in the FHM method. Calculated condition canopy based on five parameters visual crown. Assessment of tree health status uses a forest health assessment information system. The results showed that the location where found the most damage was at the root and lower stem (code 2) as many as 67 trees, dominated by liana damage (code 20) as many as 43 trees, with an average damage level of 35%. The live crown ratio 20-35%, crown density 25-50%, foliage transparency 50-70%, crown diameter 2.5-10 m, and dieback 0-5%. The value of the health status of the Agathis dammara tree has a value of 1.69-2.44. Thus, these conditions illustrate that the vitality and value of the health status of Agathis dammara trees at Situ Gunung Resort, TNGGP are in the medium criteria and category.
Mechanical and morphology characteristics of natural rubber-styrene butadiene rubber (NR-SBR) blends in the presence of natural microbentonite
Authors: Wirjosentono B , Siregar A H , Nasution D A
Published: December 2021

Natural rubber (NR) has been the world renewable natural elastomer produced mainly in South East Asia from the sap of rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis). However it only exported to manufacturing countries for production of various engineering and specialty rubber products. Blending of the natural rubber with synthetic rubber such as styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is a mean to improve engineering specification of the NR, especially due to exposure of mineral oils during its service life. Whereas natural microbentonite functions not only as filler but also as coagulant breaker in both SIR-10 and SBR matrices, which improves miscibility of the blends. In this work blending of Indonesian natural rubber (NR: SIR-10) with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) were carried out in reflux reactor in xylene solution in the presence of various loading of natural microbentonite as fillers. Miscibility of the blends were measured from their mechanical properties as well as morphology of their fracture surfaces using electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that optimum loading of microbentonite in the NR/SBR (weight ratio: 50/50) blend was 3 per hundred rubber (phr), which showed good adhesion of the rubber matrices onto the filler surface and without any agglomeration.
Distribution patterns and population structure of salagundi (Rhodoleia teysmanii) From North Tapanuli-North Sumatra
Authors: Hartini K S , Susilowati A , Rizky M
Published: December 2021

North Sumatra known as bigger island with abundant of tropical tree species. Some of those were lesser known species. One of lesser-known and potential species from North Sumatera is Salagundi (Rhodoleia teysmanii). Despite being widely utilized by locals peoples, information on Salagundi’s population and other characteristics is very limited. The community in the surrounding area frequently uses wood for a variety of functions, such home construction. Excessive consumption potentially threatent the species’ existence in the habitat. Therefore, this study aims to determine the distribution pattern and population structure of Salagundi in Simorangkir Julu Village, Siatas Barita District, North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province. For those purpose, vegetation analysis techniques using a combination of plotted lines and lines were adopted. Result of this research showed that, distribution pattern of Salagundi at the seedling to tree level was clumped with the Morisita (Ip) index value of 0.51 -0.53. The population structure curve was the J-shaped reversed. This shows that the condition of the population is sustainable.
Improving germination with pre-sowing technique on Caliandra calothyrsus Meissn
Authors: Hartini K S , Susilowati A , Siahaan C P
Published: December 2021

Red Calliandra (Caliandra colothyrus) is a high-quality energy wood raw material that can be produced rapidly. It’s ideal for making wood pellets. The need for wood pellets is on the increase globally. For the production of wood pellets continuity, sufficient materials were required, requiring the development of red calliandra cultivation. The long duration of the seed germination process due to the hard seed coat is an obstacle in the generative propagation of red calliandra. This study aimed to determine the best treatment for red calliandra dormancy breaking and simultaneous germination. A factorial fully randomized design (F-CRD) with two treatment factors was used in this study. The first factor is type of solution (P) with three levels consisting of: P1: soaking in water; P2 : immersion with MSG solution (12 grams/liter); P3 : immersion in young coconut water (100%). The second factor is the length of immersion time (T) with three levels consisting of: T1: soaking time for 8 hours; T2 : immersion time for 12 hours; T3 : immersion time for 16 hours. Each treatment consisted of 20 seeds, which were replicated three times for a total of 540 seeds. The initial day of germination, length of germination, percentage of germination, and germination rate index were all measured. The results showed that that the most optimal germination for red Calliandra found in the P1T1 treatment (soaking in water for 8 hours). It can be shown from all observed parameters
The effect of forest land allocation on understory plant species associations
Authors: Sidabukke S H , Barus T A , Utomo B , Delvian  , Aulin F R
Published: December 2021

Species association is a reciprocal relationship among species within a community and can estimate the community composition. This research aimed to obtain information regarding the level of dominance and plant species association in each forest land allocation. Data analysis tested in this study constituted an analysis of the importance value index and association analysis performed on the main constituent species with INP > 10% using a 2x2 Contingency Table. The research revealed that species association in understorey plants in plantation forests contained one pair with real associations, five with unreal associations, six with positive associations, and none with negative associations. Meanwhile, there were no real associations in protected forest areas, ten pairs with unreal associations, four pairs with positive associations, and six pairs with negative ones. There were two pairs with real associations in natural forests outside the company’s concessions, 13 species with unreal associations, four pairs with positive associations, and 11 pairs with negative associations.
Spatial distribution of landslide vulnerability level in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
Authors: Thoha A S , Muhdi  , Patana P , Sari T Y , Hulu D L N
Published: December 2021

Forest and land degradation tend increase and can trigger an increased risk of disaster. The andslide is a deadly disaster that frequently occurs in Indonesia, particularly in Langkat Regency. The study objective was to analyze the spatial distribution of landslide vulnerability levels in Langkat Regency, North Sumatera Province. The spatial distribution of landslide vulnerability level was used the Storie Index method with four variables, including rainfall, slope, soil type, and land cover type. The results of this study were the landslide vulnerability level and the area of spatial distribution with high – very high vulnerability levels. The spatial distribution of landslide vulnerability level in Langkat Regency is mostly at a moderate level with the area reaching nearly 32%, while the area of the high – very high vulnerability level is 19,77% of the total area of Langkat Regency. The widest area that occupied the high – very high landslide vulnerability level in Langkat Regency includes three districts, including Bahorok, Batang Serangan, and Sei Bingai. Areas that are very vulnerable to landslides are generally precipitous with a land cover of plantation and agricultural areas. Most of the high landslide vulnerability areas are included in the Gunung Leuser National Park area. Various parties need to pay serious attention to landslide areas with high – very high vulnerability levels to reduce disaster risk.
Physicochemical characteristics of muffin from composite flour (mocaf, breadfruit, jackfruit seeds, and durian seeds)
Authors: Gaol R A L , Nurminah M , Nainggolan R J
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the formulation of composite flour from mocaf, breadfruit flour, jackfruit seed flour, and durian seed flour in making good quality muffin. Making muffins with composite flour formulations (mocaf, breadfruit flour, jackfruit seed flour, and durian seed flour) (P): 50%:40%:5%:5%, 50%:30%:10%:10%, 50 %:20%:15%:15%, 50%:10%:20%:20%, 100% jackfruit seed flour, 100% durian seed flour 100% breadfruit flour, 100% mocaf, and 100% wheat flour. The resulting muffins were analyzed for specific volume, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content, and crude fiber content. The final result of the study showed that the composite flour formulation (mocaf, breadfruit flour, jackfruit seed flour, and durian seed flour) (50%:30%:10%:10%) produced the good quality muffin by deGarmo method.