bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jacques Derrida and Jean-Luc Marion
Authors: Knepper Timothy
Published: March 2022

This essay maps the issues of interpretation of the Dionysian corpus that divide the twentieth-century French philosophers Jacques Derrida and Jean-Luc Marion. It charts the development of these issues through four publications: Derrida’s 1968 essay ‘Differance’, Marion’s 1977 monograph Idol and Distance, Derrida’s 1987 essay ‘Denials: How to Avoid Speaking’, and Marion’s 1997 essay ‘In the Name: How to Avoid Speaking of “Negative Theology” ’’ (which is followed by a brief exchange between Derrida and Marion). Although the major point of contention between Derrida and Marion concerns the relationship between (Derridean) deconstruction and (Dionysian) negative theology, two key issues of interpretation of the Dionysian corpus arise in the process: whether Dionysian (de-)negation and Dionysian prayer yield a determinate, superessential God, or whether they lead beyond all determinations and predications of being. The essay examine these interpretive contentions, as well as some less central issues regarding the divine names, causation, and hierarchy. It concludes by demonstrating where both philosophers’ interpretations get the Dionysian corpus wrong, due in large part to the ways in which they strongly read their own philosophical frameworks—Derrida’s philosophy of language and Marion’s theology of religion—onto the Dionysian corpus.
Introduction
Authors: Edwards Mark , Pallis Dimitrios , Steiris Georgios
Published: March 2022

This Handbook contains forty essays by over thirty contributors from various universities on the antecedents, the content, and the reception of the Dionysian corpus, a body of writings falsely ascribed to Dionysius the Areopagite, a convert of St Paul, but actually written about ad 500. The first section contains discussions of the genesis of the corpus, its Christian antecedents, and its Neoplatonic influences. In the second section, studies on the Syriac reception, the relation of the Syriac to the original Greek, and the editing of the Greek by John of Scythopolis are followed by contributions on the use of the corpus in such Byzantine authors as Maximus the Confessor, John of Damascus, Theodore the Studite, Niketas Stethatos, Gregory Palamas, and Gemistus Pletho. In the third section attention turns to the Western tradition, represented first by the translators John Scotus Eriugena, John Sarracenus, and Robert Grosseteste and then by such readers as the Victorines, the early Franciscans, Albert the Great, Aquinas, Bonaventure, Dante, the English mystics, Nicholas of Cusa, and Marsilio Ficino. The contributors to the final section survey the effect on Western readers of Lorenzo Valla’s proof of the inauthenticity of the corpus and the subsequent exposure of its dependence on Proclus by Koch and Stiglmayr. The authors studied in this section include Erasmus, Luther and his followers, Vladimir Lossky, Hans Urs von Balthasar, and Jacques Derrida, as well as modern thinkers of the Greek Church. Essays on Dionysius as a mystic and a political theologian conclude the volume.
Rethinking the Alexandrian–Antiochene Hermeneutical Antithesis
Authors: Young Frances
Published: March 2022

Twentieth-century scholarship tended to project onto the Antiochenes its own emphasis on history and resistance to allegory. Reassessment in terms of the intellectual context of Late Antiquity is undertaken. The Antiochenes did reject allegory as practised by Origen and his successors, but they did not reject the search for deeper meanings; they were concerned with historia, but that did not mean concern with historicity. Exegetical techniques were borrowed from the rhetorical schools, and focused on the intended meaning, the correct identification of figures of speech, and the sequence of argument or narrative. Commitment to the overarching biblical narrative from Creation to the eschaton meant resistance both to spiritualizing any of it away and to any docetic view of the Word’s Incarnation. Mimesis, it is suggested, constitutes the clue to both their typological hermeneutics and their ikonic approach to Christology.
Origen’s Theological Anthropology
Authors: Alviar J. José
Published: March 2022

The author of this chapter uses the category of narrative theology (protology to eschatology) to capture the sweep of Origen’s theological vision and contrasts it with thematic treatments to which Origen returns again and again. In the body of works of Origen the themes of freedom and its meaning may be termed constant, underlying suppositions. Together with the idea of the human being as a creature made in God’s image, they provide the grounds for Origen’s dynamic anthropology. The divine image in earthly humans endows the individual with creativeness in its conduct, one not wholly unlike the divine creativity, the capacity that resides in the will, that allows one to choose between moral good and evil, and to intensify one's participation in Christ's epinoiai.
Reception of Origen in the Fourth Century
Authors: Layton Richard A.
Published: March 2022

The stormy fourth-century controversies over Origen were decisive for the later positions taken in relation to his theology by the Church. All information available today for understanding Origen’s life comes from this century. There was no consistent view of Origen on either the pro- or anti-Origenist side of the controversies. His theology as well as his approach to understanding Scripture came under attack. He was vigorously defended (by such as Pamphilus, Eusebius, Didymus the Blind, and Rufinus), as well as attacked (by such as Methodius, Eustathius, Epiphanius, and Jerome). These controversies also affected the form in which Origen’s writings were preserved. The influence of Origen on the Church’s doctrinal development and its understanding of the Scriptures persisted nonetheless.
Cosmic Theodicy: Origen’s Treatment of the Problem of Evil
Authors: Scott Mark S. M.
Published: March 2022

What went wrong with the world? On the surface, the cosmos fails to live up to its meaning, given its ubiquitous injustice, inequity, and suffering. Appearances, however, often conceal deeper truths in Origen’s theology. Rather than undermine divine goodness, power, and justice, the unruly universe reveals God’s hidden soteriological designs. God creates the cosmos to arrest the descent of souls and to enable their ascent, culminating with the apokatastasis, when God will be “all in all.” Far from satisfying divine vengeance, suffering serves to purge and perfect souls, enabling their eventual return to God. Origen applies a cosmic hermeneutics to the problem of evil in order to vindicate divine justice. His cosmic theodicy, then, restores the coherence of the cosmos by embedding it within a larger soteriological narrative of the fall and return of souls, which includes a subtle universalism. For Origen, we went wrong and God creates the world to help us set things right
Evolution of circadian clocks along the green lineage
Authors: Petersen Jan , Rredhi Anxhela , Szyttenholm Julie , Mittag Maria
Published: March 2022

Circadian clocks govern temporal programs in the green lineage (Chloroplastida) as they do in other photosynthetic pro- and eukaryotes, bacteria, fungi, animals, and humans. Their physiological properties, including entrainment, phase responses, and temperature compensation, are well conserved. The involvement of transcriptional/translational feedback loops in the oscillatory machinery and reversible phosphorylation events are also maintained. Circadian clocks control a large variety of output rhythms in green algae and terrestrial plants, adjusting their metabolism and behavior to the day-night cycle. The angiosperm Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) represents a well-studied circadian clock model. Several molecular components of its oscillatory machinery are conserved in other Chloroplastida, but their functions may differ. Conserved clock components include at least one member of the CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1/REVEILLE and one of the PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR family. The Arabidopsis evening complex members EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), ELF4, and LUX ARRHYTHMO are found in the moss Physcomitrium patens and in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. In the flagellate chlorophyte alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, only homologs of ELF4 and LUX (named RHYTHM OF CHLOROPLAST ROC75) are present. Temporal ROC75 expression in C. reinhardtii is opposite to that of the angiosperm LUX, suggesting different clock mechanisms. In the picoalga Ostreococcus tauri, both ELF genes are missing, suggesting that it has a progenitor circadian “green” clock. Clock-relevant photoreceptors and thermosensors vary within the green lineage, except for the CRYPTOCHROMEs, whose variety and functions may differ. More genetically tractable models of Chloroplastida are needed to draw final conclusions about the gradual evolution of circadian clocks within the green lineage.
Loss of SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 prevents virescence in chloroplast K+/H+ EFFLUX ANTIPORTER-deficient mutants
Authors: DeTar Rachael Ann , Höhner Ricarda , Manavski Nikolay , Blackholm Marius , Meurer Jörg , Kunz Hans-Henning
Published: March 2022

Defects in two plastid K+/H+ EFFLUX ANTIPORTERs in Arabidopsis can be relieved by loss of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger, presumably by altering plant K+ transport.
Tobacco and alcohol as factors for male infertility—a public health approach
Authors: Basic Marin , Mitic Dejan , Krstic Mirjana , Cvetkovic Jovana
Published: March 2022

Background

The study of reproductive characteristics of 430 male subjects of different age, fertility status and educational level who were involved in the program of extracorporeal fertilization at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Centre Niš, examined their knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding tobacco and alcohol consumption as lifestyle risk predictors of their partial or full infertility.

Methodology

Consisted of the analyses of spermiograms to establish their fertility status and a survey of their attitudes towards smoking and alcohol use (behavior, knowledge of the general health and reproductive health consequences of such a lifestyle, and their determination to change it).

Results

The proportion with higher tobacco consumption and more severe forms of infertility increased significantly with ageing (P < 0.001); the highest daily consumption of alcohol and the incidence of intoxication was seen among azoospermic patients; the level of awareness of the harmful effects of tobacco was highest among normozoospermic subjects and the highest level of determination to quit smoking was statistically significantly present among azoospermic subjects.

Conclusion

Appropriate use of health promotion activities in relation to alcohol and tobacco use is through specially designed programs.
Protection rent as explanation for racialized market outcomes
Authors: Kracman Kimberly
Published: March 2022

Protection rent is a helpful concept for understanding the role of violence in the racialized stratification of wealth accumulation. In the USA, persons institutionally classified as white have faced lower prices for protection from violence than have persons classified as non-white. Thus, whites have received protection rents that have systematically increased their accumulated wealth. Historian of medieval Venice, Frederic Lane created the concept of protection rent to describe the economic advantage that some economic actors enjoyed over others as a result of paying a lower price for protection from the purveyor of force with which they were aligned. This article applies Lane’s concept of protection rent to the variable cost of protection faced by economic actors in the USA, where racialization is associated with significant differences in wealth accumulation.
Perceived stigma and healthcare services in healthcare settings among people living with HIV in Egypt: a qualitative study
Authors: Elsharkawy Aisha , Salem Marwa Rashad , Asem Noha , Ibrahim Walid Kamal , Ramadan El Gharib , Abdelaziz Mohamed Abdelgawad , Hashish Alaa , Elsayed Heba , Hassany Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Background

The researchers conducted the current study to explore the perspectives of people living with HIV (PLHIV) on HIV-related discrimination and the delivery of healthcare services in healthcare settings.

Methods

An exploratory study using a qualitative approach was conducted among 46 PLHIV who were seeking HIV counselling and treatment from two HIV centres in the Cairo governorate using a purposive sampling technique.

Results

A thematic content analysis was used to examine the responses. Participants had a combination of positive and negative experiences. Some participants reported staff acceptance and friendliness towards HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral treatment. Most interviewees observed that staff took extra precautions when treating or caring for them. The majority stated that counselling about the effects of the treatment was inadequate and that testing was either too far from their homes or at overcrowded centres with long waiting times. All the interviewees recommended ongoing communication and HIV counselling skills for healthcare providers who are in contact with HIV patients.

Conclusion

Most of the study participants were not satisfied with HIV services in the participating centres, as well as experiencing stigma. More investment in enhancing the quality of HIV service delivery and reinforcement of health worker competencies, mainly in HIV counselling, may improve satisfaction, bearing in mind HIV-related stigma in the centres involved.
High Salt Levels Reduced Dissimilarities in Root-Associated Microbiomes of Two Barley Genotypes
Authors: Kherfi-Nacer Asma , Yan Zhichun , Bouherama Amina , Schmitz Lucas , Amrane Saadia Ouled , Franken Carolien , Schneijderberg Martinus , Cheng Xu , Amrani Said , Geurts Rene , Bisseling Ton
Published: March 2022

Plants harbor in and at their roots bacterial microbiomes that contribute to their health and fitness. The microbiome composition is controlled by the environment and plant genotype. Previously, it was shown that the plant genotype-dependent dissimilarity of root microbiome composition of different species becomes smaller under drought stress. However, it remains unknown whether this reduced plant genotype-dependent effect is a specific response to drought stress or a more generic response to abiotic stress. To test this, we studied the effect of salt stress on two distinct barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes: the reference cultivar Golden Promise and the Algerian landrace AB. As inoculum, we used soil from salinized and degraded farmland on which barley was cultivated. Controlled laboratory experiments showed that plants inoculated with this soil displayed growth stimulation under high salt stress (200 mM) in a plant genotype-independent manner, whereas the landrace AB also showed significant growth stimulation at low salt concentrations. Subsequent analysis of the root microbiomes revealed a reduced dissimilarity of the bacterial communities of the two barley genotypes in response to high salt, especially in the endophytic compartment. High salt level did not reduce α-diversity (richness) in the endophytic compartment of both plant genotypes but was associated with an increased number of shared strains that respond positively to high salt. Among these, Pseudomonas spp. were most abundant. These findings suggest that the plant genotype-dependent microbiome composition is altered generically by abiotic stress.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Intramedullary Fixation of Double-Barrel Vascularised Fibula Grafts With Subsequent Lengthening for Reconstruction of the Distal Femur in Patients With Osteosarcoma
Authors: Lenze Ulrich , O’Sullivan Mark , McCombe David , Coombs Christopher , Donnan Leo
Published: March 2022

Background:

The use of vascularised fibula grafts is an accepted method for reconstructing the distal femur following resection of malignant childhood tumors. Limitations relate to the mismatch of the cross-sectional area of the transplanted fibula graft and the local bone, instability of the construct and union difficulties. We present midterm results of a unique staged technique—an immediate defect reconstruction using a double-barrel vascularised fibula graft set in in A-frame configuration and a subsequent intramedullary femoral lengthening.

Methods:

We retrospectively included 10 patients (mean age 10 y) with an osteosarcoma of the distal femur, who were treated according to the above-mentioned surgical technique. All patients were evaluated with regards to consolidation of the transplanted grafts, hypertrophy at the graft-host junctions, leg length discrepancies, lengthening indices, complications as well as functional outcome.

Results:

The mean defect size after tumor resection was 14.5 cm, the mean length of the harvested fibula graft 22 cm, resulting in a mean (acute) shortening of 4.7 cm (in 8 patients). Consolidation was achieved in all cases, 4 patients required supplementary bone grafting. Hypertrophy at the graft-host junctions was observed in 78% of the evaluable junctions. In total 11 intramedullary lengthening procedures in 9 patients had been performed at the last follow up. The mean Muskuloskeletal Society Rating Scale (MSTS) score of the evaluable 9 patients was 85% (57% to 100%) with good or excellent results in 7 patients.

Conclusions:

A-frame vascularised fibula reconstructions showed encouraging results with respect to defect reconstruction, length as well as function and should therefore be considered a valuable option for reconstruction of the distal femur after osteosarcoma resection. The surgical implementation is demanding though, which is emphasized by the considerable high number of complications requiring surgical intervention, even though most were not serious.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV—case series.
Functional Status and Discharge Location of Patients Post–Left Ventricular Assist Devices Surgery in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Fick Ann , Tymkew Heidi , Deters Morgan , Martin Kelsey , Ratermann Jordan , Reilly Abigail , Lohbeck Brad , Liu Yuanjin
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are an alternative treatment for patients with heart failure. The purposes of this study were to describe patients immediately post-LVAD surgery, determine differences between functional outcome measures and discharge location, and the potential for initial Functional Status Score of the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) to assist in discharge recommendations.

Methods:

A retrospective study (n = 100) was conducted with the following data obtained: general demographics, FSS-ICU, ICU Mobility Scale (IMS), maximal ambulation distance, and discharge location. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on discharge location (home vs facility).

Results:

The mean age was 52.8 years, with 64% male. A significant improvement in all functional outcomes was observed from evaluation to discharge. Patients discharged home (76%) exhibited significantly higher FSS-ICU and IMS scores and tolerated out-of-bed activity and ambulation earlier. A score of 14 or higher on the initial FSS-ICU was predictive for discharge to home recommendation.

Conclusion:

Patients post-LVAD implantation exhibited low levels of functional mobility initially, yet were able to tolerate early activity. Patients discharged home had higher functional scores during the initial evaluation. Using the results of the FSS-ICU may assist in discharge recommendations; further research is needed.
Defining the Role of the Physical Therapist in Addressing Vaping and Smoking Cessation
Authors: Dias Konrad J. , Ferreira Germaine , Martin Keith J. , Pignataro Rose M.
Published: March 2022

The use of electronic or e-cigarettes, commonly referred to as vaping, has markedly increased in recent years. Vaping devices were initially introduced to promote smoking cessation in the chronic adult smoker as a less harmful substitute for combustible cigarettes. However, they have significantly expanded in popularity with youth, creating a global health crisis. Broadly, 2 populations of individuals are noted to vape: the chronic smoker attempting to quit and young teenagers who are lured into using these devices. Recent evidence indicates an outbreak of vaping-associated lung injury and other physiological disturbances that may be particularly harmful to patients and clients. Many physical therapists are currently unaware of the physiological effects of e-cigarettes and lack the knowledge and confidence needed to provide cessation recommendations at the individual and community levels. This lack of awareness also hampers the assessment of physiological responses, appropriate modifications to the plan of care, and referral for interprofessional consultation when indicated. The purpose of this perspective article is to provide recent updates to educate physical therapists and physical therapist assistants about e-cigarettes and relevant implications for patient care. The article reports the growing prevalence of e-cigarette use as a public health crisis, the pathophysiological impact of vaping on various body systems, and the unique role physical therapists and physical therapist assistants can play in successfully engaging in e-cigarette cessation interventions. The authors suggest a targeted 5-step Verify, Assess, Plan, Educate, and Refer approach that can be utilized by physical therapists in addressing vaping and smoking cessation. Finally, the article discusses opportunities for incorporating these strategies into physical therapist education and offers avenues for future research and practice.
Criando Niños Con Cariño: Primary Care-Based Group Parenting Program Adaptation and Pilot
Authors: Schilling Samantha , Romero-Cely Daniela , Mebane Alexander , Perreira Krista M.
Published: March 2022

Objective:

This study culturally adapted and piloted a primary care-based group parenting program (Child-Adult Relationship Enhancement in Primary Care, PriCARE) for Spanish-speaking, Hispanic parents of 2- to 6-year-old children.

Methods:

The process was informed by the cultural adaptation literature, expert consultation, and focus group data from 18 previous PriCARE, eligible Cariño, and initial Cariño test participants. As adaptations were made, an implementation framework was applied to systematically record all changes. Finally, parents of children aged 2 to 6 years participated in the Cariño pilot study (n = 32). Enrollment and attendance data were used to examine feasibility, and the Therapy Attitude Inventory (TAI) was administered postintervention to measure acceptability.

Results:

Most adaptations were minor changes to make the adapted program, Criando Niños con Cariño, more appropriate, applicable, or acceptable. Some changes required reframing Cariño concepts (e.g., child-led play) or incorporating new concepts (e.g., respeto, armonía, and educación) to better align Cariño goals with parents' values. Among the 121 dyads invited to participate in the Cariño pilot study, 52 (43%) enrolled. Among the 52 enrolled, 32 (62%) attended at least 4 of the 6 sessions and reported high satisfaction on the TAI (mean 47/50, range 33–50).

Conclusion:

Cariño is the result of a rigorous adaption process and incorporates multiple changes to ensure the translation reflects the intended meaning and to reframe the program goals and concepts in a culturally congruent manner. Pilot data suggest Cariño is feasible and acceptable to parents.
Health Care Cost Analysis of PPI or P-CAB-First Treatment in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Miwa Hiroto , Shiotani Akiko , Takeda Masayoshi , Eda Masahiro , Kato Toshiaki , Yajima Toshitaka
Published: March 2022

Goals:

The aim was to examine actual health care cost in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who were initiated on proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) as first-line therapy in Japanese real-world clinical settings.

Background:

To date, cost-utility evaluation of acid-suppressants treatment in Japan has only been conducted by model analysis.

Study:

A cost utilization analysis was performed using a Japanese nationwide hospital-based claim database by extracting patients with GERD initiated on either PPI or P-CAB (242,102 pairs) and esomeprazole (EPZ) or P-CAB (241,825 pairs). Health care costs were compared in each comparison cohort with propensity-score matched pairs. The switching rates of initial acid-suppressants were also examined.

Results:

Baseline characteristics were well-balanced after matching. The 3-year mean cumulative GERD-related and hospitalization costs per patient were ¥142,620 and ¥122,444 in PPI-first and P-CAB-first treatment groups, and ¥105,263 and ¥121,958 in EPZ-first and P-CAB-first treatment groups, respectively. Most hospitalization costs were non-GERD related in all the groups. The switching rates of PPI to P-CAB and P-CAB to PPI in 12 months were 7.5% and 20.2%, respectively.

Conclusions:

In this propensity-score matched analysis, health care cost was higher in patients with GERD initiated on PPI than in those initiated on P-CAB mainly owing to non-GERD-related hospitalization cost, whereas it was lower in those initiated on EPZ than in those initiated on P-CAB. When considering health care costs except hospitalization costs, PPI-first treatment was less expensive than P-CAB-first treatment. Low switching rate from PPI to P-CAB in the real-world practice may partially explain the discrepancy.
Medicare Durable Medical Equipment Competitive Bidding Program
Authors: Tarazi Wafa W. , Zuckerman Rachael B. , Orav Endel John , Sheingold Steven H.
Published: March 2022

Background:

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) implemented the Medicare durable medical equipment (DME) Competitive Bidding Program (CBP) in 2011. Since then, concerns have been raised regarding access to equipment and adverse health outcomes.

Objectives:

The aim was to evaluate whether the CBP was associated with changes in spending, utilization, and adverse health events (emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and falls).

Research Design:

A comparative interrupted time series over 8 years was used to compare Round1 and Round2 bidding to nonbidding areas. Medicare fee for services claims were aggregated at the quarterly Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) level from 2009 to 2016.

Results:

For the 3 evaluated DME (continuous positive airway pressure machines, oxygen supplies, and walkers), we found that implementation of the Medicare CBP was associated with reductions in per capita spending without changes in DME utilization or adverse health outcomes in CBP areas compared with nonbidding areas. For example, the slope change in the proportion of oxygen supplies purchasers in Round1 areas after implementation of Round1 was similar to the slope change in nonbidding areas (−0.0002; 95% CI: −0.0004, 0.0001; P=0.189). The difference in slope changes of emergency department visits and hospitalization in Round1 areas for oxygen supplies were (−0.0004; 95% CI: −0.0016, 0.0008; P=0.514) and (0.0002; 95% CI: −0.0010, 0.0014; P=0.757), respectively. Findings in Round2 areas after implementation of Round2 were similar to findings in Round1 areas.

Conclusions:

The Medicare DME CBP lowered Medicare expenditures while not reducing beneficiary access or increasing adverse outcomes.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Hospital Admissions of Emergency Department COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Longcoy Joshua , Patwari Rahul , Hasler Scott , Johnson Tricia , Avery Elizabeth , Stefanini Kristina , Suzuki Sumihiro , Ansell David , Lynch Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

Background:

Several studies have found that among patients testing positive for COVID-19 within a health care system, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients are more likely than non-Hispanic White patients to be hospitalized. However, previous studies have looked at odds of being admitted using all positive tests in the system and not only those seeking care in the emergency department (ED).

Objective:

This study examined racial/ethnic differences in COVID-19 hospitalizations and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions among patients seeking care for COVID-19 in the ED.

Research Design:

Electronic health records (n=7549) were collected from COVID-19 confirmed patients that visited an ED of an urban health care system in the Chicago area between March 2020 and February 2021.

Results:

After adjusting for possible confounders, White patients had 2.2 times the odds of being admitted to the hospital and 1.5 times the odds of being admitted to the ICU than Black patients. There were no observed differences between White and Hispanic patients.

Conclusions:

White patients were more likely than Black patients to be hospitalized after presenting to the ED with COVID-19 and more likely to be admitted directly to the ICU. This finding may be due to racial/ethnic differences in severity of disease upon ED presentation, racial and ethnic differences in access to COVID-19 primary care and/or implicit bias impacting clinical decision-making.
Prescription Patterns of Adjuvant Pain Medications Following an Opioid Supply Restriction Law
Authors: Shen Yun , Hincapie-Castillo Juan M. , Vouri Scott M. , Dewar Marvin A. , Sumfest Jill M. , Goodin Amie J.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Florida House Bill 21 (HB21) was implemented in July 2018 to limit prescriptions of Schedule II opioids for acute pain patients, but it is unclear whether such restrictions have a collateral influence on the utilization of commonly prescribed adjuvant pain medications.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess whether this law was associated with a change in use patterns of gabapentinoids, benzodiazepines, and muscle relaxants.

Methods:

We obtained prescription claims for medications dispensed from January 1, 2015, to June 31, 2019, from a health plan serving a large Florida employer. Interrupted time series analyses were conducted to compare pre-HB21 and post-HB21 implementation changes in the mean monthly number of users and prescriptions for gabapentinoids, benzodiazepines, and muscle relaxants.

Results:

There was a 6% immediate increase (relative risk: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.11) in the monthly proportion of gabapentinoid users, and an 11% immediate increase in the monthly proportion of gabapentinoids prescriptions (relative risk: 1.11; 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.18) per 1000 patients following law implementation. However, after the law, we observed a significant reduction in trend for the monthly proportion of muscle relaxants and benzodiazepine users.

Conclusions:

An increased number of patients and prescriptions were observed for gabapentinoids, while fewer patients received benzodiazepines and muscle relaxants after HB21. In previous studies, opioid prescription restriction laws are shown to reduce opioids, but this work suggests that these laws may also have unintended consequences for the use of adjunctive medications that were not intended to be affected.
Epiglottic Cyst With Slurred Speech Misdiagnosed as Acute Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Hou Xiaoyi , Huang Nanqu , Zhang Xin , Liu Xudong , Luo Yong
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Epiglottic cysts are cysts that occur under the mucosa of the epiglottis. Patients with severe cysts may have difficulty in breathing. Slurred speech usually occurs in cerebrovascular diseases, especially with slurred speech as the starting symptom.

Case Report:

We describe the case of a patient with slurred speech as the first symptom. The patient was a 53-year-old man with slurred speech as the first symptom, and he was initially considered to have an acute cerebral infarction. However, the results of the cranial magnetic resonance imaging examination did not support the diagnosis. The possibility of neck tumor recurrence was considered based on past medical history. The findings of a computed tomography examination of the neck suggested an epiglottic cyst. The effect of anti-inflammatory and surgical treatment was significant, and speech returned to normal.

Conclusion:

This case emphasizes that neurologists need to be vigilant when dealing with patients with slurred speech, which may be one of the clinical manifestations of epiglottic cysts.
Ankle-foot orthosis adherence in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A scoping review
Authors: Faux-Nightingale Alice , Kelemen Mihaela , Stewart Caroline
Published: March 2022

Background:

Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are commonly supplied to children with cerebral palsy (CP) to support their gait. However, usage is reported to decrease through adolescence. Because AFOs can allow users to engage in daily activities and develop their independence, a wider understanding of nonadherence is essential to determining the most appropriate ways to support orthotic prescription for children with CP in the future. This scoping review will present the literature that investigates AFO adherence of children or adolescents with CP and identify potential avenues for future research and practice.

A literature search was carried out using the EBSCO and Web of Science databases to identify literature that investigates AFO adherence by children with CP through measurement of AFO usage and exploration of factors that may influence that usage. Papers that investigated AFO adherence in children/adolescents with CP, either through usage or factors that could affect usage, were included in this review. Data were synthesized using a charting form developed for this review. In total, three papers were included in this review. Two included assessments of AFO usage and all three included at least anecdotal references to factors that could influence that usage.

Variation in usage time was seen across participants in all studies, although the method used to record usage may influence reported usage values. Key factors that could affect usage were observed in four key categories: physical/AFO-related factors, personal factors, social factors, and situational appropriateness. Adherence is a complex subject, and both measurement of usage and factors that influence usage are key components needed to understand how children engage with their AFO. By better understanding the motivators and barriers to adherence, it is possible to better support the provision of AFOs in the future.
Understanding the adoption of digital workflows in orthotic & prosthetic practice from practitioner perspectives: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Ngan Calvin C. , Sivasambu Harry , Kelland Kerri , Ramdial Sandra , Andrysek Jan
Published: March 2022

Background:

The implementation of digital technology (DT) in orthotics and prosthetics (O&P) has been slow despite recent research suggesting that the use of DT will continue to grow and become more prevalent within the industry. There is a need to further investigate DT in O&P practice and the current state of its use in the field.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the views and experiences of practitioners using DT workflows in their O&P practice.

Methods:

In this qualitative descriptive study, 10 in-depth, semistructured interviews with O&P practitioners were conducted. A content analysis was performed to analyze the transcripts and identify key themes from the data.

Results:

The study examined the experiences of practitioners using or trying to use DT in their practices, and three key themes were identified on the implementation of digital practice: 1) technological advancement and scientific evidence; 2) marketplace, economic, and operational factors; and 3) industry mindset shift in embracing DT practice.

Conclusion:

A collaborative effort involving academia, healthcare institutions, vendors, and individual practitioners will be required to facilitate the widespread adoption of DT in O&P. More work is required to overcome challenges from the technical, logistical, and cultural aspects.
Patient engagement in cosmetic designing of prostheses: current practice and potential outcome benefits
Authors: Lee Szu-Ping , Mitchell Cailin , Repayo Kenneth , Tillitt Matthew , Weber Collin , Chien Lung-Chang , Doerger Chris
Published: March 2022

Background:

Making a prosthesis for an individual with limb loss is a highly personalized process. A currently unexplored area is whether there are tangible benefits in greater patient engagement during the cosmetic designing of their prostheses. We examined the current clinical practice of engaging patients in prosthetic cosmetic designing and identified factors associated with patient outcomes.

Methods:

One hundred and four prosthetists and 28 prosthesis users were surveyed in this cross-sectional study. The questionnaires covered aspects of prosthetic prescription and fabrication, users' perceived level of engagement, and self-reported outcomes. Regression analyses were used to examine the associations between patients' perceived levels of engagement during the design process, satisfaction, and other outcomes.

Results:

Seventy-five percent of the prosthesis users reported being offered at least one cosmetic option during the making of their prostheses, which corroborated with 82.7% of the prosthetists reporting that they typically engage their patients in this aspect of their practices. Patients who were offered at least one cosmetic design option reported significantly greater satisfaction (P = 0.027) than those who were not offered such an option. Patients' level of satisfaction regarding the look of their prostheses was significantly correlated with their perception that their prostheses empower them in daily activities (r = 0.415, P = 0.028).

Conclusion:

Engaging patients in the cosmetic designing of their prostheses is a widely accepted practice. Patients who are more satisfied with the look of their prostheses perceived higher levels of empowerment. Prosthetic practitioners should consider the potential outcome benefits of higher level engagement for users of prosthetic devices.
Pleuritis due to Mycobacterium xenopi without pulmonary infection
Authors: Bachar Keren , Shulimzon Tiberiu , Ofek Efrat , Segel Michael J.
Published: March 2022

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) may cause pulmonary and extra-pulmonary disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Pleuritis is an uncommon manifestation on NTM disease, and pleuritis caused by

Mycobacterium xenopi

has only been described once before. Because it is considered to be an environmental contaminant, isolation of

M. xenopi

from bronchopulmonary secretions or other sites is often dismissed. The disease caused by

M. xenopi

is usually a pulmonary infection and typically occurs in severely immunocompromised individuals or in immunocompetent patients with an underlying chronic lung disease. We describe an unusual case of pleuritis caused by

M. xenopi

in a patient without an underlying chronic lung disease and with no evidence of a concurrent

M. xenopi

pulmonary infection.
Comamonas fluminis sp. nov., isolated from the Han River, Republic of Korea
Authors: Park Eun-Hee , Kim Yong-Seok , Cha Chang-Jun
Published: March 2022

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and motile bacterial strain, designated CJ34T, was isolated from Han River water in the Republic of Korea. Strain CJ34T grew optimally on tryptic soy agar at 30 °C and pH 7.0 in the absence of NaCl. Results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain CJ34T belonged to the genus

Comamonas

within the family

Comamonadaceae

and was most closely related to

Comamonas testosteroni

ATCC 11996T and

Comamonas thiooxydans

DSM 17888T (both 98.63 % similarity). The average nucleotide identity values between strain CJ34T and two closely related type strains

C. testosteroni

ATCC 11996T and

C. thiooxydans

DSM 17888T were 82.77 and 82.73 %, respectively. The major isoprenoid quinone of strain CJ34T was ubiquinone Q-8. The major cellular fatty acids of strain CJ34T were C16 : 0, C16 : 1
 ω6c and/or C16 : 1
 ω7c and C18 : 1
 ω6c and/or C18 : 1
 ω7c. The predominant polar lipids of strain CJ34T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid. Whole genome sequencing revealed that strain CJ34T had a genome of 4.9 Mbp and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 59.73 mol%. On the basis of the results of this polyphasic taxonomy study, strain CJ34T represents a novel species in the genus

Comamonas

, for which the name Comamonas fluminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CJ34T (=KACC 22237T=JCM 34454T).
Mycetocola spongiae sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis
Authors: Chen Yuling , Sang Jin , Sun Wei , Song Qianqian , Li Zhiyong
Published: March 2022

A novel bacterial strain (MSC19T) was isolated from a deep-sea sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis collected in the Mariana Trench at a depth of 2681 m. The cells of the new isolate were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped and yellow-coloured. They could grow at 4–32 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 5.5–12 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0–12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 4 %). The strain’s 16S rRNA gene sequence showed 98.41 % similarity to that of

Mycetocola saprophilus

CM-01T. Phylogenetic analysis further suggested that strain MSC19T represents a new species within the genus

Mycetocola

. The total genome of MSC19T was approximately 3 196 754 bp in size with a G+C content of 66.43 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values among MSC19T and other

Mycetocola

type strains were 70.35–75.37 % (ANIb), 83.79–84.73 % (ANIm) and 20.3–21.7 % (dDDH). The major fatty acids of MSC19T were composed of anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0, and its predominant menaquinones were MK-10 and MK-9. The polar lipids of MSC19T mainly consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycolipid. The diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid was lysine. Combined molecular, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic analyses suggest that strain MSC19T represents a novel species of the genus

Mycetocola

, for which the name Mycetocola spongiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MSC19T (=MCCC 1K06265T=KCTC 49701T).
Global population structure of the Serratia marcescens complex and identification of hospital-adapted lineages in the complex
Authors: Ono Tomoyuki , Taniguchi Itsuki , Nakamura Keiji , Nagano Debora Satie , Nishida Ruriko , Gotoh Yasuhiro , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Sato Mitsuhiko P. , Iguchi Atsushi , Murase Kazunori , Yoshimura Dai , Itoh Takehiko , Shima Ayaka , Dubois Damien , Oswald Eric , Shiose Akira , Gotoh Naomasa , Hayashi Tetsuya
Published: March 2022

Serratia marcescens

is an important nosocomial pathogen causing various opportunistic infections, such as urinary tract infections, bacteremia and sometimes even hospital outbreaks. The recent emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains further pose serious threats to global public health. This bacterium is also ubiquitously found in natural environments, but the genomic differences between clinical and environmental isolates are not clear, including those between

S. marcescens

and its close relatives. In this study, we performed a large-scale genome analysis of

S. marcescens

and closely related species (referred to as the ‘

S. marcescens

complex’), including more than 200 clinical and environmental strains newly sequenced here. Our analysis revealed their phylogenetic relationships and complex global population structure, comprising 14 clades, which were defined based on whole-genome average nucleotide identity. Clades 10, 11, 12 and 13 corresponded to

S. nematodiphila

, S. marcescens sensu stricto,

S. ureilytica

and S. surfactantfaciens, respectively. Several clades exhibited distinct genome sizes and GC contents and a negative correlation of these genomic parameters was observed in each clade, which was associated with the acquisition of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), but different types of MGEs, plasmids or prophages (and other integrative elements), were found to contribute to the generation of these genomic variations. Importantly, clades 1 and 2 mostly comprised clinical or hospital environment isolates and accumulated a wide range of antimicrobial resistance genes, including various extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase genes, and fluoroquinolone target site mutations, leading to a high proportion of MDR strains. This finding suggests that clades 1 and 2 represent hospital-adapted lineages in the

S. marcescens

complex although their potential virulence is currently unknown. These data provide an important genomic basis for reconsidering the classification of this group of bacteria and reveal novel insights into their evolution, biology and differential importance in clinical settings.
The Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Osteoblasts
Authors: Greenblatt Matthew B. , Shim Jae-Hyuck , Bok Seoyeon , Kim Jung-Min
Published: March 2022

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are evolutionarily ancient signal transducers of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family that have long been linked to the regulation of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Here, we review the physiological functions, biochemistry, upstream activators, and downstream substrates of the ERK pathway. ERK is activated in skeletal progenitors and regulates osteoblast differentiation and skeletal mineralization, with ERK serving as a key regulator of Runt-related transcription factor 2, a critical transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. However, new evidence highlights context-dependent changes in ERK MAPK pathway wiring and function, indicating a broader set of physiological roles associated with changes in ERK pathway components or substrates. Consistent with this importance, several human skeletal dysplasias are associated with dysregulation of the ERK MAPK pathway, including neurofibromatosis type 1 and Noonan syndrome. The continually broadening array of drugs targeting the ERK pathway for the treatment of cancer and other disorders makes it increasingly important to understand how interference with this pathway impacts bone metabolism, highlighting the importance of mouse studies to model the role of the ERK MAPK pathway in bone formation.
Validation of a New Food Frequency Questionnaire for Protein Intake Assessment in Korean
Authors: Heu Eunseo , Lee Yunjung , Kim Donghyun , Ha Yong-Chan , Park Yongsoon
Published: March 2022

Background: Protein intake is a modifiable factor associated with sarcopenia prevention; however, no appropriate methods exist to assess dietary protein intake in Koreans. This study developed and validated a simple and convenient food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to determine protein intake in Koreans.Methods: A total of 120 participants aged >19 years were asked to complete both the FFQ used by the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the newly developed Korean Protein Assessment Tool (KPAT). Protein intakes measured using the FFQ and the KPAT were compared using Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots, and intraclass correlation coefficients.Results: Protein intakes from the FFQ (62.06±25.56 g/day) and KPAT (61.12±24.26 g/day) did not differ significantly (P=0.144). Pearson’s correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.92 to 0.96 indicated a positive correlation, while the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.979 indicated excellent reliability in protein intake of the FFQ and the KPAT. The Bland-Altman plot also showed high agreement in the mean differences in protein intakes estimated by the FFQ and the KPAT.Conclusions: KPAT, a newly developed and simplified method, showed an acceptable correlation compared to previous FFQ tools. Thus, the KPAT may be useful to assess dietary protein intake in the Korean population.