bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Global Precipitation Measurement Rainfall Estimates against Three Dense Gauge Networks
Authors: Tan Jackson , Petersen Walter A. , Kirchengast Gottfried , Goodrich David C. , Wolff David B.
Published: February 2018

Precipitation profiles from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR; Ku and Ka bands) form part of the a priori database used in the Goddard profiling algorithm (GPROF) for retrievals of precipitation from passive microwave sensors, which are in turn used as high-quality precipitation estimates in gridded products. As GPROF performs precipitation retrievals as a function of surface classes, error characteristics may be dependent on surface types. In this study, the authors evaluate the rainfall estimates from DPR Ku as well as GPROF estimates from passive microwave sensors in the GPM constellation. The evaluation is conducted at the level of individual satellite pixels (5–15 km) against three dense networks of rain gauges, located over contrasting land surface types and rainfall regimes, with multiple gauges per satellite pixel and precise accumulation about overpass time to ensure a representative comparison. As expected, it was found that the active retrievals from DPR Ku generally performed better than the passive retrievals from GPROF. However, both retrievals struggle under coastal and semiarid environments. In particular, virga appears to be a serious challenge for both DPR Ku and GPROF. The authors detected the existence of lag due to the time it takes for satellite-observed precipitation to reach the ground, but the precise delay is difficult to quantify. It was also shown that subpixel variability is a contributor to the errors in GPROF. These results can pinpoint deficiencies in precipitation algorithms that may propagate into widely used gridded products.
Development of Infrared Library Search Prefilters for Automotive Clear Coats from Simulated Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Spectra
Authors: Perera Undugodage Don Nuwan , Nishikida Koichi , Lavine Barry K.
Published: February 2018

A previously published study featuring an attenuated total reflection (ATR) simulation algorithm that mitigated distortions in ATR spectra was further investigated to evaluate its efficacy to enhance searching of infrared (IR) transmission libraries. In the present study, search prefilters were developed from transformed ATR spectra to identify the assembly plant of a vehicle from ATR spectra of the clear coat layer. A total of 456 IR transmission spectra from the Paint Data Query (PDQ) database that spanned 22 General Motors assembly plants and served as a training set cohort were transformed into ATR spectra by the simulation algorithm. These search prefilters were formulated using the fingerprint region (1500 cm−1 to 500 cm−1). Both the transformed ATR spectra (training set) and the experimental ATR spectra (validation set) were preprocessed for pattern recognition analysis using the discrete wavelet transform, which increased the signal-to-noise of the ATR spectra by concentrating the signal in specific wavelet coefficients. Attenuated total reflection spectra of 14 clear coat samples (validation set) measured with a Nicolet iS50 Fourier transform IR spectrometer were correctly classified as to assembly plant(s) of the automotive vehicle from which the paint sample originated using search prefilters developed from 456 simulated ATR spectra. The ATR simulation (transformation) algorithm successfully facilitated spectral library matching of ATR spectra against IR transmission spectra of automotive clear coats in the PDQ database.
Experimenting with work practices in a liminal space: A working period in a rural archipelago
Authors: Vesala Hanne , Tuomivaara Seppo
Published: February 2018

Lived experiences in organizational liminal spaces ‘betwixt-and-between’ have begun to attract scholarly attention, but the full potential of liminal spaces in contemporary mobile and fluid working life has remained unexamined. This article contributes to theory by showing how a liminal experience in an alternative work environment is created via three dimensions: the aesthetic experience of a different environment, situated practices, and changes to work and life rhythms. Interview material was gathered from creative professionals working temporarily in a rural archipelago environment. The results suggest that the contrast of working in a calm natural environment supported experimentation with work practices, nurtured the formation of a communitas, and spurred imagination and reflection. The arrangement’s temporary nature heightened the intensity of participants’ experiences. However, this intensity varied depending on work community configurations and participants’ personal needs for change. This study deepens the current understanding of liminal spaces by showing how the nuances of physical and social spaces contribute to liminality and how liminality alters work rhythms. Future research should focus on how liminal workspaces can be created for individuals seeking a change in routine and increased community support.
Do Changes in Bar Opening Hours Influence Violence in the Night? Evidence from 13 Bavarian Towns
Authors: Tesch Falko , Hohendorf Lukas
Published: February 2018

Changes in opening hours for on-premise drinking places may influence the level of alcohol-related violence in two ways. The increased availability of alcohol increases the risks associated with it, while restrictive opening hours may produce more occasions for crime due to overcrowding at closing time. We use a quasi-experimental design with data from 13 Bavarian towns with and without restrictive opening hours and a negative binomial panel model. The outcome measure is violent incidents reported by the police between 2:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. over the period of 12 years. Incidents at night disproportionally increase over the study period in the sample. After controlling for daily violence as well as for an interaction between policy regime and violence level, we find that restricted opening hours are only beneficial within settings of a low daily violence level.
Impacts of Federally Funded State Obesity Programs on Adult Obesity Prevalence in the United States, 1998-2010
Authors: Koh Keumseok , Grady Sue C. , Vojnovic Igor , Darden Joe T.
Published: February 2018

Objectives:

From 2000 to 2010, the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity (DNPAO) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded 37 state health departments to address the obesity epidemic in their states through various interventions. The objective of this study was to investigate the overall impacts of CDC-DNPAO statewide intervention programs on adult obesity prevalence in the United States.

Methods:

We used a set of an individual-level, interrupted time-series regression and a quasi-experimental analysis to evaluate the overall effect of CDC-DNPAO intervention programs before (1998-1999) and after (2010) their implementation by using data from CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Results:

States that implemented the CDC-DNPAO program had a 2.4% to 3.8% reduction in the odds of obesity during 2000-2010 compared with states without the program. The effect of the CDC-DNPAO program varied by length of program implementation. A quasi-experimental analysis found that states with longer program implementation did not necessarily have lower odds of obesity than states with shorter program implementation.

Conclusions:

Statewide obesity interventions can contribute to reduced odds of obesity in the United States. Future research should evaluate the CDC-DNPAO programs in relation to their goals, objectives, and other environmental obesity risk factors to inform future interventions.
A Tale of Two Teachers: A Duoethnography of the Realistic and Idealistic Successes and Failures of Teaching English as An International Language
Authors: Rose Heath , Montakantiwong Anuchaya
Published: February 2018

With the growth of English worldwide there have been numerous calls for a paradigm shift from teaching English as foreign language to teaching English as an international language (EIL). While there is a growing body of conceptual literature for teaching EIL, the voices of teachers remain severely underrepresented in this movement. As such, current EIL research is missing the perspective of this key stakeholder, who is in a prime position to report ‘on-the-ground’ challenges of integrating EIL approaches into English language classrooms. This article addresses this gap by offering an in-depth joint autoethnography of two English language teachers, who actively experimented with EIL-informed pedagogy at universities in Japan and Thailand, and who provide very different tales of the resulting challenges and successes. Data was collected via a duoethnographic approach, an innovative methodology which presents two juxtaposing dialogic narratives in order to show readers in-depth, personal and autobiographical accounts from both teachers’ experiences. Analysis of these narratives provides an illustration of the issues surrounding the implementation of research-informed innovations into ELT classrooms. The findings are discussed in terms of whether teaching EIL is a possible reality, or whether it remains an ideological fantasy.
Queerying activism through the lens of the sociology of everyday life
Authors: Fish Julie , King Andrew , Almack Kathryn
Published: February 2018

The approaching 30th anniversary of the introduction of the 1988 Local Government Act offers an opportunity to reflect on the nature of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) activism in Britain. The protests against its implementation involved some of the most iconic moments of queer activism. Important though they are, these singular, totemic moments give rise to, and are sustained by small, almost unobtrusive acts which form part of LGB people’s everyday lives. This article aims to contribute to a re-thinking of queer activism where iconic activism is placed in a synergetic relationship with the quieter practices in the quotidian lives of LGB people. The authors interrogate a series of examples, drawn from three studies, to expand ideas about how activism is constituted in everyday life. They discuss the findings in relation to three themes: the need to forge social bonds often forms a prompt to action; disrupting the binary dualism between making history and making a life; and the transformative potential of everyday actions/activism. The lens of the sociology of everyday life (1) encourages a wider constituency of others to engage in politics, and (2) problematises the place of iconic activism.
The Impact of Respite Programming on Caregiver Resilience in Dementia Care: A Qualitative Examination of Family Caregiver Perspectives
Authors: Roberts Emily , Struckmeyer Kristopher M.
Published: February 2018

Family members with a relative with dementia often experience what has been called the “unexpected career of caregiver” and face multifaceted, complex, and stressful life situations that can have important consequences. This exploratory study was designed to address this major public health challenge through the lens of caregiver resilience and caregiver respite programming. While many caregivers report that they derive significant emotional and spiritual rewards from their caregiving role, many also experience physical and emotional problems directly related to the stress and demands of daily care. One way to alleviate these demands is the growing respite care field, providing services in a variety of settings for caregiver. Through qualitative analysis from face-to-face interviews with 33 family caregivers of individuals with dementia, several themes emerged describing the path to caregiver resilience which include family dynamics, isolation, financial struggles, seeking respite, and acceptance. While much research focuses on a caregiving burden perspective, the innovation of the present study is applying the resilience framework to outcomes from respite programming.
Legacy Beliefs Across Generations: Comparing Views of Older Parents and Their Adult Children
Authors: Meuser Thomas M. , Mthembu Thuli G. , Overton Brianne L. , Roman Nicolette V. , Miller Rebecca D. , Lyons Katharina P. , Carpenter Brian D.
Published: February 2018

This mixed-methods study examined legacy beliefs (i.e., anticipated remembrances and linkages to the self after death) as understood in 14 older parent and adult child pairs. This work validates and expands on a 2005 typology of legacy beliefs from gerontologists, Elizabeth Hunter and Graham Rowles. A structured interview was administered separately to parents and children, coded for legacy examples (i.e., those unique to the parent, overlapping, unique to the child), and analyzed with respect to expectations of similarity reported by each participant. Most predicted moderate to high overlap in mutual understanding of parent legacy. This was not the case, as there were far more unique legacy examples given than shared. Pairs agreed least with respect to material legacies, with half showing no agreement. All reported finding the structured discussion of legacy to be beneficial, with some indicating an intention to continue these discussions further. This work may constitute a new approach to intervention.
Supersoldiers or Rulebreakers? Unpacking the Mind-Set of Special Operations Forces
Authors: Dalgaard-Nielsen Anja , Holm Kirstine Falster
Published: February 2018

Special Operations Forces (SOFs) are increasingly central in national defense postures worldwide. The term “SOF mind-set” encapsulates the current political enthusiasm but is rarely explicitly defined or systematically studied. Based on a literature review, this article suggests a conceptual model of SOF’s mind-set, which is refined via a Danish case study. It discusses when and where this mind-set complicates collaboration with the wider military organizational environment and how SOF could navigate potential fault lines. By systematically unpacking SOF’s mind-set, the article aims to add nuance to polarized conceptions and stereotypes.
Growing Up With A Food Insecure Adult: The Cognitive Consequences of Recurrent Versus Transitory Food Insecurity Across the Early Elementary Years
Authors: Gee Kevin A.
Published: February 2018

To investigate how kindergarteners cognitively developed in a family with an adult who experienced recurrent versus transitory food insecurity, a sample of 1,040 kindergarteners (mean age = 5.6 years) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011 was analyzed using multilevel growth modeling. Results indicated that kindergarteners from homes with an adult who experienced recurrent food insecurity (twice within a 24-month period; n = 490) initially had slower growth in reading relative to their counterparts who were in homes with an adult who was food insecure only once over the same time period ( n = 550). However, this initial disadvantage diminished over time. As a result, the recurrent group’s reading trajectory converged with that of their transitory peers by second grade. These findings highlight the value of adopting more temporal view of food insecurity and its developmental consequences.
Using Facebook in a Healthy Lifestyle Intervention: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy
Authors: Ling Jiying , Robbins Lorraine B. , Zhang Nanhua , Kerver Jean M. , Lyons Haley , Wieber Nicole , Zhang Mi
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this pilot quasi-experimental study was to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of using Facebook in a 10-week lifestyle intervention with Head Start caregiver–preschooler dyads to improve healthy behaviors and reduce body mass index. Sixty-nine dyads participated with 39 in the intervention group. Average preschooler attendance rate for the Head Start center-based program was 77%, and caregiver participation rate was 87%. About 94% of the caregivers were satisfied with the program, and 97% would recommend the program to others and/or participate again. The intervention decreased preschoolers’ body mass index z score (Cohen’s d = –.30) and screen time ( d = –.21), and increased their fruit and vegetable intake ( d = .40) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( d = .42). The intervention increased caregivers’ fruit and vegetable intake ( d = .40). The intervention is feasible, and preliminary efficacy is encouraging, but further investigation using a rigorous study design is warranted.
Canine Bocavirus Type 2 Infection Associated With Intestinal Lesions
Authors: Piewbang Chutchai , Jo Wendy K. , Puff Christina , Ludlow Martin , van der Vries Erhard , Banlunara Wijit , Rungsipipat Anudep , Kruppa Jochen , Jung Klaus , Techangamsuwan Somporn , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Osterhaus Albert D. M. E.
Published: February 2018

Bocaviruses are small nonenveloped DNA viruses belonging to the Bocaparvovirus genus of the Parvoviridae family and have been linked to both respiratory and enteric disease in humans and animals. To date, 3 bocaviruses, canine bocaviruses 1 to 3 (CBoV-1–3), have been shown to affect dogs with different disease manifestations reported for infected animals. We used next-generation sequencing to identify a novel strain of canine CBoV-2 (CBoV TH-2016) in a litter of puppies that died in Thailand from acute dyspnea and hemoptysis, for which no causal pathogen could be identified in routine assays. Analysis of the complete coding sequences of CBoV TH-2016 showed that this virus was most closely related to a strain previously identified in South Korea (isolate 14D193), with evidence of genetic recombination in the VP2 gene with related strains from South Korea and Hong Kong. Use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed the presence of CBoV TH-2016 in several tissues, suggesting hematogenous virus spread, while only intestinal tissue was found to be positive by in situ hybridization and electron microscopy. Histologic small intestinal lesions associated with CBoV TH-2016 infection were eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies within villous enterocytes without villous atrophy or fusion, similar to those previously considered pathognomonic for CBoV-1 infection. Therefore, this study provides novel insights in the pathogenicity of canine bocavirus infections and suggests that a novel recombinant CBoV-2 may result in atypical findings of CBoV infection. Although the specific cause of death of these puppies remained undetermined, a contributory role of enteric CBoV TH-2016 infection is possible.
The Majoritarian Way to Democracy
Authors: Behera Anshuman
Published: February 2018

A minority group’s demand for a separate territory is usually understood as its protest against the majority rule in a democratic setup. While the minority’s demand for a separate territory is against the majority rule, it is certainly not against the principles of majoritarianism. In the process of resisting against the majority rule, the minority aspires to be seen as a majority in an exclusive territorial arrangement that it demands. In this case, the minority takes a majoritarian approach to achieve greater democratic rights. This can be called as majority–minority paradox in a democracy. The present article is an attempt to critically understand the Bodoland conflict in Assam; especially as to how the Bodos demand for an autonomous or separate territory on ethnic lines can be seen as a similarly majoritarian approach to democracy. The demand for a separate territory exclusively for the Bodos revolves around the concept of majoritarianism. This article finds a key contradiction in how majority rule is opposed and simultaneously majoritarianism is practiced by groups demanding a separate Bodoland. This article also investigates militant organizations that are allegedly fighting for the “Bodo” cause including the various factions of the National Democratic Front of Bodoland. It also seeks to investigate what happens to the democratic rights of non-Bodos in the majoritarian “minority” politics of the Bodoland Territorial Area District.
Sound production shows robust loudness constancy when visual cues of musical performance are available
Authors: Honda Akio , Yasukouchi Ayumi , Sugita Yoichi
Published: February 2018

We examined the degree of loudness constancy using two methods of adjustment. One was “sound production,” by which listeners played a musical instrument as loudly as a model player. The other was “sound level adjustment,” by which listeners adjusted the loudness of the sound produced by a loudspeaker. The target sound was produced by the actual musical instrument performance. Sound pressure levels of the stimuli were approximately 60, 75, and 86 dB(A). The distances between the performer and the participant were 2, 8, and 32 m. In both conditions, participants were asked to produce the level of sound pressure matching the stimulus. Results show that when visual cues of musical performance are available, sound production had more robust loudness constancy than the sound level adjustment method.
The effects of background music on tipping behavior in a restaurant: A field study
Authors: Beer Annika , Greitemeyer Tobias
Published: February 2018

Previous research showed that focused listening to music has powerful effects on social behavior. In contrast, the impact of background music appears to depend on moderating factors. The present field study examined the effects of background music on tipping behavior in a restaurant and the possible moderating influence of age of paying guest. Participants were exposed to uplifting, melancholic, or baseline music in the background. Overall, tipping behavior did not differ across quasi-experimental conditions. However, music exposure did interact with age of paying guest. Whereas younger guests’ tipping behavior was not affected by background music, older guests were more generous when exposed to uplifting and melancholic music compared to baseline music. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Puncturing the pipeline: Do technology companies alienate women in recruiting sessions?
Authors: Wynn Alison T , Correll Shelley J
Published: February 2018

A ‘chilly’ environment limits women’s advancement through the educational pipeline leading to jobs in science and technology. However, we know relatively little about the environment women encounter after making it through the educational pipeline. Do technology companies create environments that may dampen women’s interest at the juncture when they are launching their careers? Using original observational data from 84 recruiting sessions hosted by technology companies at a prominent university on the US West Coast, we find that company representatives often engage in behaviors that are known to create a chilly environment for women. Through gender-imbalanced presenter roles, geek culture references, overt use of gender stereotypes, and other gendered speech and actions, representatives may puncture the pipeline, lessening the interest of women at the point of recruitment into technology careers.
Shifting syndromes: Sex chromosome variations and intersex classifications
Authors: Griffiths David Andrew
Published: February 2018

The 2006 ‘Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders’ recommended moving to a new classification of intersex variations, framed in terms of ‘disorders of sex development’ or DSD. Part of the rationale for this change was to move away from associations with gender, and to increase clarity by grounding the classification system in genetics. While the medical community has largely accepted the move, some individuals from intersex activist communities have condemned it. In addition, people both inside and outside the medical community have disagreed about what should be covered by the classification system, in particular whether sex chromosome variations and the related diagnoses of Turner and Klinefelter’s syndromes should be included. This article explores initial descriptions of Turner and Klinefelter’s syndromes and their subsequent inclusion in intersex classifications, which were increasingly grounded in scientific understandings of sex chromosomes that emerged in the 1950s. The article questions the current drive to stabilize and ‘sort out’ intersex classifications through a grounding in genetics. Alternative social and historical definitions of intersex – such as those proposed by the intersex activists – have the potential to do more justice to the lived experience of those affected by such classifications and their consequences.
Neurologic Involvement in Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
Authors: Yildirim Mirac , Ayvaz Deniz Cagdas , Konuskan Bahadir , Gocmen Rahsan , Tezcan Ilhan , Topcu Meral , Topaloglu Haluk , Anlar Banu
Published: February 2018

The nervous system may be affected in primary immune deficiency (PID) syndromes through infectious, autoimmune, neoplastic mechanisms, or as a primary feature of the syndrome. However certain neurologic problems do not conform to these etiopathogenetic groups. We retrospectively examined PID patients seen in neurology consultation between 2014 and 2017 in order to determine the spectrum of nervous system involvement. Among patients with confirmed neurologic problems (n = 35), common manifestations were encephalopathy and global developmental/cognitive delay. In 13 (37%) instances, the neurologic signs had no apparent relation with a treatment-related, infectious, or vascular complication and were considered as primary findings: acquired microcephaly, central nervous system malformation, or peripheral neuropathy. The diagnosis of PID was made after, and based on, the neurologic manifestation in 6 of 35 (17%) patients. Neurologic presentation may constitute the initial manifestation in some types of primary immune deficiency.
Association of Early-Onset Spasticity and Risk for Cognitive Impairment With Mutations at Amino Acid 499 in SPAST
Authors: Gillespie Meredith K. , Humphreys Peter , McMillan Hugh J. , Boycott Kym M.
Published: February 2018

Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by lower extremity weakness and spasticity. Spastic paraplegia 4 (SPG4), caused by heterozygous mutations in the gene SPAST, typically causes a late-onset, uncomplicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia in affected individuals. Additional clinical features in SPG4 have been reported on occasion, but no genotype-phenotype correlation has been established. Through targeted clinical testing, we identified 2 unrelated female patients with the same de novo p.Arg499His mutation in SPAST. Both patients presented with early-onset spasticity resulting in delayed motor milestones, which led to a diagnosis of cerebral palsy in one child and tethered cord in the other. Review of the literature identified several patients with mutations at amino acid 499 and early-onset symptoms associated with a risk of cognitive impairment. Early and accurate diagnosis of children with early-onset spasticity is important for informed prognosis and genetic counselling.
Broken Glass: The Social Evil of Urban Poverty and a Critical Education
Authors: Wheeler-Bell Quentin
Published: February 2018

Ghettos are a social evil. They are social atrocities maintained by inexcusable racist laws and practices, structures of class domination, and institutionalized political marginalization. After Brown v. The Board of Education, educational reformers have increasingly (mis)framed the problem of “ghetto schools” as a failure to provide urban youth with the social and cultural capital to integrate into mainstream society. This integrationist approach is insufficient because it inadequately addresses the social evil of ghetto poverty. Instead, I argue, a critical education approach is morally more appropriate because it focuses on giving children the tools for transforming capitalism and racial domination.
The Anger Games: Who Voted for Donald Trump in the 2016 Election, and Why?
Authors: Smith David Norman , Hanley Eric
Published: February 2018

Recently released data from the 2016 American National Election Study allow us to offer a multifaceted profile of white voters who voted for Donald J. Trump in the 2016 presidential election. We find that Trump’s supporters voted for him mainly because they share his prejudices, not because they’re financially stressed. It’s true, as exit polls showed, that voters without four-year college degrees were likelier than average to support Trump. But millions of these voters—who are often stereotyped as “the white working class”—opposed Trump because they oppose his prejudices. These prejudices, meanwhile, have a definite structure, which we argue should be called authoritarian: negatively, they target minorities and women; and positively, they favor domineering and intolerant leaders who are uninhibited about their biases. Multivariate logistic regression shows that, once we take these biases into account, demographic factors (age, education, etc.) lose their explanatory power. The electorate, in short, is deeply divided. Nearly 75% of Trump supporters count themselves among his enthusiastic supporters, and even “mild” Trump voters are much closer in their attitudes to Trump’s enthusiasts than they are to non-Trump voters. Polarization is profound, and may be growing.
Modified weighted standard deviation index for adequately interpreting a supplier’s lognormal process capability
Authors: Liao Mou-Yuan , Pearn WL
Published: February 2018

The process capability index has become an efficient tool for measuring a supplier’s process performance. [Formula: see text] is one popularly used index for assessing non-normal process capability when the process violates the normality assumption. Unfortunately, this index cannot accurately reflect the process yield, so it may produce a serious result if the practitioner compares the calculated [Formula: see text] value with the capability requirement to determine whether the process meets that requirement. Hence, this study modifies [Formula: see text] to provide an adequate measure of lognormal process capability. In addition, an estimator of this modified index is also provided. Simulations show that the bias of this estimator is slight, and the coverage probability of capability testing is close to the nominal confidence. This means that our proposed method is adaptable for use.
Inline measurement strategy for additive manufacturing
Authors: Bordron Matthias , Mehdi-Souzani Charyar , Bruneau Olivier
Published: February 2018

Additive manufacturing takes a growing place in industry tanks to its ability to create free-form parts with internal complex shape. Yet, the quality of the final surfaces of the additive manufacturing parts is still a challenge since it doesn’t reach the required level for final use. To address this issue, it is necessary to measure the form and dimension deviation in order to plan post-process operations to be considerate. Moreover in a context of industry 4.0, this measurement step should be fully integrated into the manufacturing line as close as possible to the additive manufacturing process and post-process. We introduce in this article an inline measurement solution based on a robot combined with a laser sensor. Robot allows reaching most of the orientation and positions necessary to digitize complex parts in a short time. The use of robot for digitizing is already addressed but not for metrological applications. Robots are perfectly designed for velocity, ability and robustness but their poor positioning accuracy is not compatible with measuring requirements. The strategy adopted in this article is to provide an algorithm to generate path planning for digitizing additive manufacturing parts at a given quality of the resulting cloud of points. After a discussion about the geometric and elastic model of the robot to identify the one that answers the quality requirements, the performances of the robot are evaluated. Thus, several performances maps are introduced to characterize the behavior of the robot in its working volume. The qualification of the digitizing sensor is also performed to identify relation between digitizing parameters and the quality of final cloud of points. Using data resulting from the qualifications of sensor and robot and the parts CAD model, the algorithm allows generating path planning to ensure the final quality necessary to measure the shape deviation.
Theory study of gas–water relative permeability in roughened fractures
Authors: Lei Gang , Wang Cai , Wu Zisen , Wang Huijie , Li Weirong
Published: February 2018

It has been shown that gas–water relative permeability in fracture or fractured porous media plays an important role in determination of flow characteristics for gas–water two-phase flow. The accurate prediction of gas–water two-phase flow in fracture or fractured media is hence highly important. In most recent analytical models for gas–water relative permeability in fracture, the fracture is conceptualized as smooth wall. Reliable characterization of roughened fracture surface is severely limited. The analytical models for gas–water two-phase relative permeability in roughened fracture are scarce, thus, it is desirable to develop an analytical model for gas–water relative permeability in fracture with roughened surface.

The goal of this work is to present an analytical model for gas–water relative permeability in roughened fracture. The rough surface topography of roughened fracture can be addressed by fractal theory. In addition, the proposed model is modified by considering the influence of tortuosity to study the gas–water relative permeability in fractured porous media. The proposed gas–water relative permeability is found to be a function of the structural parameters of roughened fracture. The predictions of relative permeability by the proposed model have similar variation trend with available experimental data, which verifies the theoretical models. We also conduct several sensitivity studies.

These proposed analytical models provides a more realistic representation of gas–water two-phase flow in roughened fracture and fractured porous media, and gives rise to more reliable gas–water relative permeability curves that can be used for analyzing gas–water two-phase flow characteristic in fractured reservoirs.
Revolute-Cylindrical-Cylindrical-Cylindrical linkage optimum dimensional synthesis with static structural loading
Authors: Lee Wen-Tzong , Cosme Jose , Russell Kevin
Published: February 2018

General optimization models for the dimensional synthesis of defect-free Revolute-Cylindrical-Cylindrical-Cylindrical linkages with static loading are formulated and evaluated in this work. With these optimization models, Revolute-Cylindrical-Cylindrical-Cylindrical linkage dimensions required to approximate coupler positions or coupler path points while achieving static equilibrium (given coupler loads) within a maximum driver static torque are calculated. These models also include constraints that eliminate order, branch and circuit defects-defects that are common in traditional dyad-based dimensional synthesis. Therefore, the novelty of this work is the development of optimization models that permit the synthesis of order, branch and circuit defect-free Revolute-Cylindrical-Cylindrical-Cylindrical motion and path generators that also achieve static equilibrium within a maximum specified driver torque magnitude for specified coupler loads. This work conveys both the benefits and drawbacks realized when implementing these optimization models on a personal computer using the commercial mathematical analysis software package Matlab.
Affordable housing needs affordable transit
Authors: Patel Shirish B , Saluja Jasmine , Kapadia Oormi
Published: February 2018

This paper describes a proposal for affordable housing across all income groups on urbanizable mostly greenfield peri-urban sites served by a suburban railway station. Connecting to this arterial transit node, a bus rapid transit system (BRTS) of high frequency would provide a feeder service that penetrates areas too far to be otherwise easily reached from the station. Starting with an income profile of the city’s residents, we estimate what households can afford to pay for housing. Then, assuming cross-subsidized differential pricing of land for different income groups, we determine the financial viability of any particular site. Two specific sites in northern Mumbai are studied for their implementation problems. But the proposal is generic, and with altered assumptions could be applied internationally wherever the context allows.
The engineering challenges of CO2 storage
Authors: Harding Frances C , James Alan T , Robertson Hazel E
Published: February 2018

The permanent underground storage of large quantities of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from thermal energy and industrial plant is widely recognised as a fundamental tool which can help to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. To achieve this effectiveness, it will require widespread global deployment in a new industry which would rival the current oil and gas industry in its scale and ambition. Many of the technologies for carbon dioxide storage are the adaptations of oil and gas technology, but there are some important differences. These arise from:

 1. the thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide,

 2. the essential requirement for long-term storage site integrity,

 3. the absence of an established and mature business model for the industry and

 4. the contrasting regulatory environments between carbon capture and storage and oil and gas extraction.

Whilst the underground injection of carbon dioxide can truly be considered a proven technology, there are a range of engineering challenges to achieve this in a safe and cost effective manner. This paper sets out to explore some of these challenges and concludes with a view of what next steps are required to progress carbon dioxide storage effectively within the UK.

 • The challenges of injecting carbon dioxide into offshore subsurface reservoirs:

   ^ Arrival processing (heating before injection)

   ^ Injectivity assessment – how many wells?

   ^ Platform or subsea?

   ^ Well design for long service operations and monitoring

 • The challenges of forecasting reservoir and injection performance within porous and permeable storage reservoirs:

   ^ Issues influencing carbon dioxide storage capacity

   ^ Assuring storage site containment integrity

   ^ Geology and engineering – uncertainty and risk

 • Where has the industry got to and what are the practical next steps?
Influence of wall roughness on the static performance and pressure fluctuation characteristics of a double-suction centrifugal pump
Authors: Yao Zhifeng , Yang Min , Xiao Ruofu , Wang Fujun
Published: February 2018

The unsteady flow field and pressure fluctuations in double-suction centrifugal pumps are greatly affected by the wall roughness of internal surfaces. To determine the wall roughness effect, numerical and experimental investigations were carried out. Three impeller schemes for different wall roughness were solved using detached eddy simulation, and the performance and pressure fluctuations resolved by detached eddy simulation were compared with the experimental data. The results show that the effects of wall roughness on the static performance of a pump are remarkable. The head and efficiency of the tested double-suction centrifugal pump are raised by 2.53% and 6.60% respectively as the wall roughness is reduced by means of sand blasting and coating treatments. The detached eddy simulation method has been proven to be accurate for the prediction of the head and efficiency of the double-suction centrifugal pump with roughness effects. The influence of the roughness on pressure fluctuation is greatly dependent on the location relative to the volute tongue region. For locations close to the volute tongue, the peak-to-peak value of the pressure fluctuations of a wall roughness of Ra = 0.10 mm may be 23.27% larger than the case where Ra = 0.02 mm at design flow rate.
Age constraints of rock glaciers in the Southern Alps/New Zealand – Exploring their palaeoclimatic potential
Authors: Winkler Stefan , Lambiel Christophe
Published: February 2018

Two rock glaciers in the valley head of Irishman Stream in the central Ben Ohau Range, Southern Alps/New Zealand, have been investigated using the electronic Schmidt-hammer (SilverSchmidt). Longitudinal profiles on both features reveal a consistent trend of decreasing R(Rebound)-values and, hence, increasing weathering intensity and surface-exposure age on their numerous transverse surface ridges from rooting zone towards the front. Previously published numerical ages obtained by terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating (TCND) allowed the calculation of a local Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) age-calibration curve by serving as the required fixed points. Age estimates for the lowermost rock glacier surface ridges fall within the early Holocene between 12 and 10.5 ka and indicate a fast disappearance of the Late Glacial glacier formerly occupying the valley head, followed by the initiation of rock glacier formation around or shortly after the onset of the Holocene. Although it cannot be judged whether the rock glaciers investigated were active within the entire Holocene or only repeatedly during multiple episodes within, their location and intact morphology exclude any substantial glacial activity at Irishman Stream during the Holocene. This has considerable regional palaeoclimatic implications because it opens for the hypothesis that climatic conditions during early Holocene were possibly comparatively dry and favourable for rock glacier initiation, but less so for glaciers. It would also challenge the view that air temperature is the sole major climate driver of glacier variability in the Southern Alps. More work utilising the palaeoclimatic potential of rock glaciers in the Southern Alps is advised.
Exploring cross-border integration in Europe: How do populations cross borders and perceive their neighbours?
Authors: Decoville Antoine , Durand Frédéric
Published: February 2018

Since its creation, the European Union seems to be guided by the idea that an increase in cross-border flows contributes to more European unity. Thus, emphasis has been placed for instance on lowering customs tariffs and encouraging the free movement of goods and people. However, if the opening up of borders creates new opportunities for some residents of border regions, there are others who may not benefit. For this reason, and in a context characterized by the rise of Euroscepticism, it seems crucial to take a more critical look at actual cross-border integration and to unravel its concrete consequences for the people who live in border regions. This paper aims to do so by focusing on two aspects of this process: the functional dimension, through the number of cross-border activities, and the perceptions border residents have of their neighbours, through the level of mutual social trust. The EUROBAROMETER 422 survey is used in order to produce statistical analyses and maps. This enables us to offer a new image of European cross-border integration and to draw the following conclusions. Firstly, cross-border flows are not uniform and vary greatly from one cross-border area to another. Secondly, cross-border regions in which the intensity of flows between neighbouring regions is high do not necessarily show a high level of mutual social trust between borderland populations. Thirdly, there is not always reciprocity with regard to the mutual social trust that people have towards their neighbours within cross-border areas.
Aadhaar-based Biometric Authentication for PDS and Food Security: Observations on Implementation in Jharkhand’s Ranchi District
Authors: Menon Sneha
Published: February 2018

This article is an exploratory study into the implementation of Aadhaar-based biometric authentication (ABBA) in fair price shops in Ranchi district. In August 2016, only 52 per cent of ration card holding households in Ranchi successfully bought their ration. We find that the move to make ABBA compulsory for public distribution system (PDS) is a key contributor to this low transaction rate. The implementation of ABBA is rife with technical issues such as incomplete seeding of cardholder information, biometric failure and administrative gaps such as inadequate failure reporting and back-up systems. Through an empirical survey and secondary analysis of government data, we find that each of these prevent participants from purchasing their entitlements. Mandatory ABBA thus poses a possible threat to the food security of PDS-dependent households. ABBA has not fulfilled the potential for technology to bring transparency and efficiency into the PDS as it excessively prioritizes the prevention of identity fraud over other important issues, which could be addressed with improved technology such as quantity fraud and inventory management.
Integrating a Patient-Controlled Admission Program Into Mental Health Hospital Service: A Multicenter Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Ellegaard Trine , Bliksted Vibeke , Mehlsen Mimi , Lomborg Kirsten
Published: February 2018

Patient-controlled admissions (PCAs) enable mental health patients by means of a contract to initiate an admission at a mental health hospital unit without using traditional admission procedures. This study was part of a 3-year Danish multicenter project, and we explored how mental health professionals experienced and managed the implementation of a PCA program. The methodology was grounded theory and the sample included 26 participants. We performed a constant comparative analysis to explore the concerns, attitudes, and strategies of mental health professionals. We developed a model of how the mental health professionals strived to integrate PCA into clinical practice. The process was motivated by the idea of establishing a partnership with patients and involved two interrelated strategies to manage (a) the patient-related duties and (b) the admission contracts. The professionals moved from a phase of professional discomfort to a phase of professional awareness, and ended up with professional comprehension.
“In Our Corner”: A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Patient Engagement in a Community-Based Care Coordination Program
Authors: Sefcik Justine S. , Petrovsky Darina , Streur Megan , Toles Mark , O’Connor Melissa , Ulrich Connie M. , Marcantonio Sherry , Coburn Ken , Naylor Mary D. , Moriarty Helene
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore participants’ experience in the Health Quality Partners (HQP) Care Coordination Program that contributed to their continued engagement. Older adults with multiple chronic conditions often have limited engagement in health care services and face fragmented health care delivery. This can lead to increased risk for disability, mortality, poor quality of life, and increased health care utilization. A qualitative descriptive design with two focus groups was conducted with a total of 20 older adults enrolled in HQP’s Care Coordination Program. Conventional content analysis was the analytical technique. The overarching theme resulting from the analysis was “in our corner,” with subthemes “opportunities to learn and socialize” and “dedicated nurses,” suggesting that these are the primary contributing factors to engagement in HQP’s Care Coordination Program. Study findings suggest that nurses play an integral role in patient engagement among older adults enrolled in a care coordination program.