bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of implants for intraoperative hyperthermia
Authors: Kaprin Andrei , Vasilchenko Ilya , Osintsev Alexey , Braginsky Vladimir , Rynk Vitaliy , Gromov Egor , Kostin Andrei , Prosekov Aleksandr , Kotov Roman
Published: April 2021

At the present time hyperthermia is recognized as one of the most promising methods in the combined treatment of malignant tumors. Nevertheless, for the most of existing methods for heating of tumor tissues it is rather difficult to realize the exact localization of heat exposure. The aim of this study is to compare two types of implants for intraoperative local tumor bed hyperthermia carried out using induction heating in an alternating magnetic field of the sub-MHz range. Composite implants of the first type are created on the base of a self-curing plastic mass mixed with electrically conductive ferromagnetic particles. The second type of implant is a hollow object with thin walls that follows the shape of the tumor. Implants of this type are filled with a liquid metal non-magnetic alloy with melting point below room temperature. The model implants were heated in a self-designed inductor with a short cylindrical coil 35 cm in diameter. Biological tissues were modeled using an ultrasound gel. Experimental results show that both types of implants were heated in an external alternating magnetic field with a frequency of 90 kHz and an amplitude not exceeding 4 kA/m up to temperatures that allow both traditional hyperthermia (tissue heating to 41-45 °C) and thermal ablation therapy (tissue heating to temperatures above 50 °C). Good agreement between the experimental data and model numerical calculations was obtained.
Detection of TP53 mutations in plasma of ovarian cancer and breast cancer patients
Authors: Iyevleva Aglaya , Gorodnova Tatiana , Aleksakhina Svetlana , Anisimova Elena , Gigolaeva Larisa , Sokolenko Anna , Zagorodnev Kirill , Dmitriev Vadim , Berlev Igor , Krivorotko Piotr , Imyanitov Evgeny
Published: April 2021

Background. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA provides wide opportunities for monitoring the results of cancer treatment. Somatic mutations in TP53 gene are present in almost all breast carcinomas developing in hereditary BRCA1 mutation carriers, as well as in the majority of high-grade serous ovarian tumors, which makes it possible to use them for effective monitoring of these diseases.

The aim of the study was to analyze the content of tumor-specific TP53 mutations in plasma of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (OC) and BRCA1-associated breast cancer (BC).

Materials and methods. At least one plasma sample was obtained from 10 patients with OC and 7 patients with BRCA1-associated BC. The primary intratumoral status of TP53 gene was determined in the archival tumor material by targeted next generation sequencing. Digital droplet PCR was applied for testing of plasma samples for the presence of tumor-specific TP53 mutations, and in one case, BRAF V600E mutation.

Results. All 8 plasma samples obtained from OC patients at the time of disease progression, before or during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were positive for TP53 mutations. In contrast, 8 OC plasma samples obtained during remission, after surgery, or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not contain tumor-specific mutations. In breast cancer, circulating tumor DNA was detected in 2 of 4 samples obtained before treatment, and was not detected after the end of therapy or in remission.

Conclusion. There is a good correlation between the presence of tumor-specific TP53 mutations in circulating DNA and the disease status in OC patients, therefore TP53 is a promising marker for clinical monitoring of ovarian cancer. In breast cancer, circulating tumor DNA is less abundant, therefore TP53 mutations cannot be reliably detected by digital droplet PCR in the plasma of patients with moderate disease burden.
Clastic facies models, a personal perspective
Authors: Reading Harold G.
Published: April 2021

Facies models evolved from classifications that were mainly descriptive, based on observable, measureable features such as the composition and texture of sedimentary rocks. As our understanding of sedimentary processes expanded, genetic facies models were developed based on the inferred process of formation. Since individual facies cannot be interpreted in isolation, they must be studied with reference to their neighbours, emphasizing the association of facies and sequences, in particular those that coarsen and fine upward. Environmental facies models are based on the interaction of studies on modern environments and ancient rock facies. Earlier facies models tended to invoke intrinsic, autocyclic controls. The advent of sequence stratigraphy led to greater emphasis on the surfaces that separate sequences and to external allocyclic controls. These were, initially, sea-level changes; later, changes in climate, tectonic movements and sediment supply were invoked. Over time, simple, all embracing models have given way to increasingly complex ones as our knowledge of the variability of nature has increased. Complex though these models are, they are only simplifications of reality. In nature there are no models and the majority of past environments differed in some respect from any modern environment. Each environment and rock sequence is unique.
Late Pliocene Greenland – The Kap København Formation in North Greenland
Authors: Funder S. , Bennike O. , Böcher J. , Israelson C. , Petersen K.S. , Símonarson A.
Published: April 2021

The Kap København Formation, North Greenland, is a 100-m thick succession of predominantly shallow marine nearshore sediments, dated to c. 2.4 ma. The abundant well preserved remains of mosses, land plants, foraminifers, ostracodes, insects, cladocers, molluscs, and a few vertebrates enable a detailed reconstruction of terrestrial and marine environments and climate. The sediments indicate a complex sea-level history implying combined glacioisostatic and -eustatic control. This is supported by the faunal and floral development from arctic to subarctic and boreal conditions, and the record probably reflects the demise of the first major Cenozoic ice sheet, the Praetiglian, over the area, and the onset of the succeeding Tiglian A interglacial. The record ends with the attainment of the interglacial sea-level highstand and climate optimum when forest tundra reached the world’s northernmost coasts. It is inferred that the duration of sedimentation was a half obliquity cycle, i.e. 20,000 yr, at the most.
The Wandel Hav Strike-Slip Mobile Belt – A Mesozoic plate boundary in North Greenland
Authors: Håkansson E. , Pedersen S.A.S.
Published: April 2021

The historical ‘de Geer Line’ between Svalbard and Greenland is shown to have had a Mesozoic precursor now residing well within the continental Greenland plate, where it coincides with the Wandel Hav Strike-Slip Mobile Belt. Well-constrained phases in relative plate motion reflected in the mobile belt are discernible back to the mid Jurassic, with more obscure phases dating even further back. There is evidence that the Wandel Hav Strike-Slip Mobile Belt may have been formed already in Late Palaeozoic time during onset of Pangean break-up; evidence for strike-slip movements of this age is, however, largely circumstantial, due to severe overprinting during the later phases. Wrench tectonics along the ‘fossil’ plate boundary culminated around the Cretaceous – Palaeogene boundary in the major right-lateral, transpressional Kronprins Christian Land Orogeny. Thus, the Wandel Hav Strike-Slip Mobile Belt may constitute the geological/structural expression of the Mesozoic Laurentian – Eurasian plate boundary all the way up to initiation of actual seafloor spreading at chron 24 in Palaeogene time.
The Permian–Triassic boundary in central East Greenland: past and present views
Authors: Stemmerik L. , Piasecki S. , Almgreen S.E. Bendix
Published: April 2021

The latest Permian, Changhsingian fauna in East Greenland is a typical northern cool-water fauna, dominated by a low diversity assemblage of boreal brachiopods and lacking fusulinids, small foraminifers and fish. Continuous sedimentation across the Permian–Triassic boundary is recorded at the Fiskegrav locality, southwestern Jameson Land but the precise location of the boundary is disputable within an interval covering the uppermost few metres of the Schuchert Dal Formation and the lowermost 23.5 m of the Wordie Creek Formation. Based on palynological data the boundary is best placed 50 cm below the top of the Schuchert Dal Formation at Fiskegrav, in a monotonous interval of bioturbated, grey offshore marine siltstone characterised by a marked drop in the ä13C of organic carbon. ä13C of carbonate from brachiopods shows a temporary drop of 2‰, 4–5 m below the top of the Schuchert Dal Formation, while the ä13C of whole rock carbonate reaches a minimum in the lowermost part of the Wordie Creek Formation. Comparisons to the ä13C carbonate curves from the boundary stratotype section at Meishan, China are therefore highly subjective and allow the boundary to be placed within a 24–27 m thick interval in the topmost Schuchert Dal Formation and the lowermost Wordie Creek Formation, – here termed as the Permian–Triassic boundary interval. The lower part of this interval, below the palynological boundary includes a low diversity Permian-type fauna of two brachiopod and four agglutinated foraminifer genera. Above the palynological boundary, in the uppermost 50 cm of the Schuchert Dal Formation remains of the Triassic-type fish Bobasatrania occur together with agglutinated foraminifers, and at the base of the Wordie Creek Formation a more diverse, Triassic-type fish fauna with five genera is present. In the stratotype section at Meishan the first Triassic-type faunal elements appear above the negative ä13C anomaly in what is regarded as a topmost Permian mixed fauna interval. A similar situation may possibly exist in East Greenland so the old East Greenland issue of faunal mixing with Permian-type fauna in the Triassic may turn out to be a matter of having Triassic faunal elements in the Permian.
Cliff-front aeolian and colluvial deposits, Mallorca, Western Mediterranean: a record of climatic and environmental change during the last glacial period
Authors: Clemmensen Lars B. , Lisborg Thomas , Bromley Richard G. , Fornós Joan J.
Published: April 2021

Large, cliff-front accumulations of Late Pleistocene aeolian and colluvial deposits on southeast Mallorca provide a terrestrial record of climatic and environmental change in the Western Mediterranean during the last glacial period. The cliff-front deposits are lithified and form ramps sloping toward the southeast (i.e. seaward). Radiocarbon dating suggests that the deposits formed in Oxygen Isope Stage 3, when sea level was about 50 m lower than today, and the fossil sea-cliff situated 1.5 to 2 km from the palaeo-shore. The aeolian deposits are composed of marine carbonate sand that was transported inland episodically and accumulated in embayments along the fossil sea-cliff. The sand initially formed steadily growing and forward-moving dunes, then sloping sand ramps and finally relatively small ascending dunes. Aeolian accumulation was interrupted by erosion and colluvial ramp formation, and the cliff-front sediments can be divided into two sedimentary cycles each composed of basal colluvial deposits overlain by aeolian deposits. Colluvial deposition probably records relatively humid climatic intervals, whereas aeolian accumulation probably reflects relatively arid climatic intervals. It appears that climatic and environmental changes were rapid, and it is speculated that the dynamics of the cliff-front system on Mallorca were tied to North Atlantic millennial-scale climate oscillations.
THE FAREWELL FORMULA DAVAY IN SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC ASPECTS
Authors: Кронгауз М.А.
Published: April 2021

В статье показан возможный путь формирования формулы прощания давай, состоящий из двух параллельных процессов: трансформации пожелания в формулу прощания и компрессии этой формулы. Трансформация заключается в тяготении пожелания к конечной точке в диалоге, а позднее и фиксации в этой позиции. Компрессия заключается в отпадении частей формулы вплоть до свертывания ее в одно слово.
Современная форма повелительного наклонения давай однозначно воспринимается как побуждение говорящим собеседника и встраивается в ряд с просторечными формулами прощания будь и бывай. Однако мы видим, что в прототипической формуле (давай + местоимение в Д.п. + Бог + существительное в В.п.) глагол обращен не к собеседнику, а к Богу или мирозданию. Невозможно утверждать, что фраза типа Давай тебе Бог счастья! стала единственным источником современной формулы прощания давай. Тем не менее важно наличие устойчивой формулы-предшественницы, выполняющей тождественную функцию (т. е. не только пожелания, но и прощания).

The article shows a possible way to form a formula for saying goodbye, which comprises two parallel processes: the transformation of a wish into a formula for saying goodbye and the compression of this formula. The transformation consists of a wish gravitating towards the end point in the dialog, and later fixation in this position. Compression consists of dropping off parts of a formula up to collapsing into a single word.
The modern form of the imperative mood davay is clearly perceived as an incentive made by the speaker to the interlocutor and it fits in the same row with colloquial formulas of farewell bud’ and byvay. However, we see that in the prototypical formula (davay + the pronoun in the dative case + God + noun in the accusative case) the verb is not addressed to the interlocutor, but to God or the universe. It is impossible to assert that the phrases like Davay tebe Bog schact’a! have become the only source of the modern formula davay for saying goodbye. Nevertheless, it is important to have a stable predecessor formula that performs the same function (that is, not only one of a wish, but also of a farewell).
FAMILY STORIES OF EVERYDAY DISCOURSE IN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: THEMATIC ASPECT
Authors: Помникова А.Ю. , Астахова К.А.
Published: April 2021

В работе представлены результаты исследования тематического наполнения семейных историй в бытовом дискурсе как в имеющихся учебных пособиях по РКИ, так и в собранных нами материалах интервью. Анализ учебников разных уровней позволил выделить 15 общих, «глобальных» тем, связанных с семьей и ее историей и реализующихся в 44 микротемах. Материалы, собранные нами в результате проведенного нарративного интервью, показали, что в реальном общении встречается большее разнообразие как на уровне общих тем, так и на уровне микротем. В результате анализа собранных семейных историй мы обнаружили 7 принципиально новых тем и 19 новых микротем, дополняющих уже имеющиеся в пособиях темы. Включение данного тематического наполнения в процесс обучения РКИ не только подготовит иностранных учащихся к реальной коммуникации с носителями языка, но и научит их понимать русскую социально-бытовую культуру и факторы, повлиявшие на нее в прошлом и влияющие сейчас.

Family history is an essential part of human life, and family stories are organically implicated into everyday communication, being an inherent part of it. The article presents the results of the study of the thematic content of family stories in everyday discourse both in textbooks of Russian as a foreign language and in the materials, we’ve collected for the purpose of the present research. The analysis of textbooks of different levels made it possible to identify 15 general, global topics related to the family and its history, actualized in 44 micro-topics. The materials we collected as a result of narrative interviews showed that in real communication there is a greater variety both at the level of general topics and at the level of micro topics. As a result of the analysis of the collected family stories, we found 7 fundamentally new topics and 19 new micro topics that complement the topics already revealed in the textbooks. The implication of this thematic content in the process of teaching of Russian as a foreign language will not only prepare foreign students for real communication with native speakers, but also help them to understand Russian social and everyday culture and the factors that influenced it in the past and are affecting now.
Pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non Performing Loan, Biaya Operasional Dan Pendapatan Operasional Terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba Bank
Authors: Guicheldy Abraham , Sukartaatmadja Iswandi
Published: April 2021

Bagi para pemakai laporan keuangan dan pelaku bisnis dalam pengambilan keputusan ekonomi membuthkan informasi tentang kondisi dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Analisis rasio keuangan merupakan alternative untuk menguji apakah rasio-rasio keuangan bermanfaat untuk melakukan prediksi terhadap perubahan laba di masa mendatang. Rasio CAR, NIM, NPL, LDR, BOPO, Pertumbuhan Laba dan kualitas aktiva produksi merupakan pengukur kemampuan untuk memprediksi perubahan Laba. Para pemakai laporan keuangan dan pelaku bisnis dalam menilai suatu perusahaan perbankan tidak hanya melihat laba yang dihasilkan dalam satu periode melainkan secara kontinyu memantau perubahan laba dari tahun ke tahu. Dalam penulisan ini, penulis menganalisis ada tidaknya pengaruh dari variable Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), variable Non Performing Loan (NPL) dan variable Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) terhadap pertumbuhan Laba pada Bank umum yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.

Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah 6 (enam) Bank umum yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia seperti PT. Bank Central Asia, Tbk., PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero), Tbk., PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero), Tbk., PT. Bank CIMB Niaga, Tbk., PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero), Tbk., dan PT. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero). Laporan keuangan secara lengkap telah dipublikasikan selama 5 tahun. Data penelitian yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan publikasi Bank tahun 2014 sampai dengan 2018. Pengujian hipotesis penelitian digunakan teknik analisis linear berganda, Analisis Korelasi, dan uji asumsi klasik dengan alat bantu SPSS versi 2.5.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variable Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) berpengaruh positif dan tidak siginifikan terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba sebesar 0,394, Non Performing Loan (NPL) berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba sebesar 0,940 dan Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) berpengaruh negative dan signifikan terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba sebesar 0,007.

 

Kata kunci: CAR, NPL, BOPO, Pertumbuhan Laba.
Workshop Pembelajaran Berbasis Higher Order Thinking Skill Untuk Meningkatkan Kreativitas dan Berfikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Farliana Nina , Setiaji Khasan
Published: April 2021

Permasalahan yang dihadapi guru SMK Negeri 1 Kendal adalah keterbatasan pengetahuan pengembangan berbagai model pembelajaran di abad 21 yang cocok diterapkan di SMK, kesenjangan usia antara guru senior dan junior, serta rendahnya daya kreativitas dan berfikir kritis peserta didik. Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam pengelolaan pembelajaran berbasis HOTS sehingga peserta didik memiliki kreativitas dan berfikir kritis, serta memberikan kontribusi positif dengan adanya workshop pengembangan pembelajaran berbasis HOTS yaitu peningkatan kompetensi guru, keterampilan peserta didik dan meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran sekolah. Peserta pengabdian ini berjumlah 31 guru di SMK Negeri 1 Kendal. Metode kegiatan pengabdian adalah workshop yang dimulai dari pemberian pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang pembelajaran berbasis HOTS, pelatihan pengembangan kompetensi profesional, sesi diskusi dan tanya jawab terkait pembelajaran berbasis HOTS, simulasi implementasi pembelajaran, pendampingan dan monitoring serta evaluasi kegiatan. Pengabdian ini telah dikatakan berhasil, karena telah mencapai indikator keberhasilan yang meliputi: keberhasilan target jumlah peserta pelatihan, ketercapaian tujuan workshop, ketercapaian target materi yang telah direncanakan, kemampuan peserta dalam penguasaan materi. Kontribusi yang ditimbulkan dengan adanya pengembangan pembelajaran berbasis HOTS bagi guru SMK Negeri 1 Kendal adalah meningkatnya keterampilan guru dalam pengelolaan pembelajaran berbasis HOTS menggunakan pembelajaran daring
Pelatihan Budidaya Pohon Kelapa Secara Modern dan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Fermentasi di Desa Jatirejo Kaligesing Purworejo
Authors: Wibawanti Jeki Mediantari Wahyu , Sa'adah Lailatus , Kuncoro Wahyu , Ningrum Novita Iriyanti , Pamungkas Sapto
Published: April 2021

Desa Jatirejo memiliki potensi sumber daya alam yang melimpah khususnya pohon kelapa. Pohon kelapa sebagai sumber penghasil nira dalam pembuatan gula jawa. Akan tetapi, keberadaan pohon kelapa secara alami belum dilakukan budidaya secara intensif dalam menghasilkan nira kelapa yang berkualitas. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada petani gula jawa di Desa Jatirejo terkait dengan budidaya kelapa secara modern, pembuatan pupuk organik fermentasi sebagai upaya peningkatan budidaya pohon kelapa. Hasil dari kegiatan pemberdayaan ini yaitu adanya penanaman bibit Kelapa Genjah sebagai sumber nira dimasa depan, petani gula jawa kini sudah dapat melakukan pembuatan pupuk organik yang berasal dari kotoran kambing dengan cara fermentasi, sehingga dapat diaplikasikan pada tanaman kelapa.
The comparison of combat function priorities in future manned/unmanned infantry troops
Authors: Lee Jeong-yeol , Moon Jang-kwon , Kim Sang-joon
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to present the development plans for the future manned/unmanned infantry troops in order to respond to the changes in advanced science and technology along with the winds of the fourth industrial revolution an to prepare for future war changes. Above all, key elements by combat performance function of future mixed infantry troops could be identified and implications could be derived by comparing priorities by element using Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP). In particular, a survey of current military policy departments, educators, field personnel, and indirectly related officers whose group consists of 190 (rank range: from the first lieutenant to lieutenant colonel, age range: from 20 to 40) out of 250 regard of effectiveness was conducted to identify which areas should be developed first for each combat function (command control, information, maneuver, fire, protection, operation sustainability support). In the formation of a mixed infantry troop, command control was able to identify battlefield information, reinforce information on battlefield visibility, strengthen maneuvering forces, strike strategic targets, share enemy attack situations, and maintain operations.
Misaligned Twin Molecular Outflows from the Class 0 Protostellar Binary System VLA 1623A Unveiled by ALMA
Authors: Hara Chihomi , Kawabe Ryohei , Nakamura Fumitaka , Hirano Naomi , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Shimajiri Yoshito , Kamazaki Takeshi , Di Francesco James , Machida Masahiro N. , Tamura Motohide , Saigo Kazuya , Matsumoto Tomoaki , Tomida Kengo
Published: April 2021

We present the results of ALMA observations toward the low-mass Class 0 binary system VLA 1623Aab in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud in 12CO, 13CO, and C18O(2–1) lines. Our 12CO (J = 2–1) data reveal that the VLA 1623 outflow consists of twin spatially overlapped outflows/jets. The redshifted northwestern jet exhibits three cycles of wiggle with a spatial period of 1360 ± 10 au, corresponding to a time period of 180 yr. The wiggle-like structure is also found in the position–velocity (PV) diagram, showing an amplitude in the velocity of about 0.9 km s−1. Both the period and velocity amplitude of the wiggle are roughly consistent with those expected from the binary parameters, i.e., the orbital period (460 ± 20 yr) and the Keplerian velocity (2.2 km s−1). Our 13CO and C18O images show a dense gas nature in the two centimeter/millimeter sources, VLA 1623B and W, and its relation to the outflows, and strongly support the previous interpretation that both are shocked cloudlets. The driving sources of the twin molecular outflows are, therefore, likely to be the VLA 1623Aab binary. The outflow axes of the two molecular outflows are estimated to be inclined by 70° to each other across the plane of sky, implying that protostellar disks are also misaligned by

. Such nature together with a small binary separation of 34 au in one of the youngest protobinary systems seems difficult to explain by disk fragmentation in quiescent environments. Other effects such as turbulence probably play roles.
General Relativistic Neutrino-driven Turbulence in One-dimensional Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Boccioli Luca , Mathews Grant J. , O’Connor Evan P.
Published: April 2021

Convection and turbulence in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are inherently three-dimensional (3D) in nature. However, 3D simulations of CCSNe are computationally demanding. Thus, it is valuable to modify simulations in spherical symmetry to incorporate 3D effects using some parametric model. In this paper, we report on the formulation and implementation of general relativistic neutrino-driven turbulent convection in the spherically symmetric core-collapse supernova code GR1D. This is based upon the recently proposed method of Simulated Turbulence in Reduced Dimensionality (STIR) in Newtonian simulations from Couch et al. (2020). When the parameters of this model are calibrated to 3D simulations, we find that our general relativistic formulation of STIR requires larger turbulent eddies to achieve a shock evolution similar to the original STIR model. We also find that general relativity may alter the correspondence between progenitor mass and successful versus failed explosions.
Probing the Disk–Corona Systems and Broad-line Regions of Changing-look Quasars with X-Ray and Optical Observations
Authors: Jin Xiangyu , Ruan John J. , Haggard Daryl , Gingras Marie-Joëlle , Hountalas Joseph , MacLeod Chelsea L. , Anderson Scott F. , Doan Anh , Eracleous Michael , Green Paul J. , Runnoe Jessie C.
Published: April 2021

“Changing-look” quasars are a new class of highly variable active galactic nuclei that have changed their spectral type over surprisingly short timescales of just a few years. The origin of this phenomenon is debated, but is likely to reflect some change in the accretion flow. To investigate the disk–corona systems in these objects, we measure optical/UV–X-ray spectral indices (

α

OX

) and Eddington ratios (

λ

Edd

) of 10 previously discovered changing-look quasars at two or more epochs. By comparing these data with simulated results based on the behavior of X-ray binaries, we find possible similarities in spectral indices below the 1% Eddington ratio. We further investigate the Eddington ratios of changing-look quasars before and after their spectral type changes, and find that changing-look quasars cross the 1% Eddington ratio boundary when their broad emission lines disappear/emerge. This is consistent with the disk-wind model as the origin of broad emission lines.
On Single-point Inversions of Magnetic Dipole Lines in the Corona
Authors: Judge Philip , Casini Roberto , Paraschiv Alin Razvan
Published: April 2021

Prompted by a recent paper by Dima and Schad, we reconsider the problem of inferring magnetic properties of the corona using polarimetric observations of magnetic dipole (M1) lines. Dima and Schad point to a potential source of degeneracy in a formalism developed by Plowman, which under some circumstances can lead to the solution being under-determined. Here we clarify the nature of the problem. Its resolution lies in solving for the scattering geometry using the elongation of the observed region of the corona. We discuss some conceptual problems that arise when casting the problem for inversion in the observer’s reference frame, and satisfactorily resolve difficulties identified by Plowman, Dima, and Schad.
Multiscale Solar Wind Turbulence Properties inside and near Switchbacks Measured by the Parker Solar Probe
Authors: Martinović Mihailo M. , Klein Kristopher G. , Huang Jia , Chandran Benjamin D. G. , Kasper Justin C. , Lichko Emily , Bowen Trevor , Chen Christopher H. K. , Matteini Lorenzo , Stevens Michael , Case Anthony W. , Bale Stuart D.
Published: April 2021

The Parker Solar Probe (PSP) routinely observes magnetic field deflections in the solar wind at distances less than 0.3 au from the Sun. These deflections are related to structures commonly called “switchbacks” (SBs), whose origins and characteristic properties are currently debated. Here, we use a database of visually selected SB intervals—and regions of solar wind plasma measured just before and after each SB—to examine plasma parameters, turbulent spectra from inertial to dissipation scales, and intermittency effects in these intervals. We find that many features, such as perpendicular stochastic heating rates and turbulence spectral slopes are fairly similar inside and outside of SBs. However, important kinetic properties, such as the characteristic break scale between the inertial to dissipation ranges differ inside and outside these intervals, as does the level of intermittency, which is notably enhanced inside SBs and in their close proximity, most likely due to magnetic field and velocity shears observed at the edges. We conclude that the plasma inside and outside of an SB, in most of the observed cases, belongs to the same stream, and that the evolution of these structures is most likely regulated by kinetic processes, which dominate small-scale structures at the SB edges.
A Harsh Test of Far-field Scrambling with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder and the Hobby–Eberly Telescope
Authors: Kanodia Shubham , Halverson Samuel , Ninan Joe P. , Mahadevan Suvrath , Stefansson Gudmundur , Roy Arpita , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Bender Chad F. , Janowiecki Steven , Cochran William D. , Diddams Scott A. , Drory Niv , Endl Michael , Ford Eric B. , Hearty Fred , Metcalf Andrew J. , Monson Andrew , Robertson Paul , Schwab Christian , Terrien Ryan C , Wright Jason T.
Published: April 2021

The Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) is a fiber-fed precise radial velocity (RV) spectrograph at the 10 m Hobby–Eberly Telescope (HET). Due to its fixed-altitude design, the HET pupil changes appreciably across a track, leading to significant changes of the fiber far-field illumination. HPF’s fiber scrambler is designed to suppress the impact of these illumination changes on the RVs—but the residual impact on the RV measurements has yet to be probed on-sky. We use GJ 411, a bright early type (M2) M dwarf to probe the effects of far-field input trends due to these pupil variations on HPF RVs. These large changes (∼2x) in the pupil area and centroid present a harsh test of HPF’s far-field scrambling. Our results show that the RVs are effectively decoupled from these extreme far-field input changes due to pupil centroid offsets, attesting to the effectiveness of the scrambler design. This experiment allows us to test the impact of these changes with large pupil variation on-sky, something we would not easily be able to do at a conventional optical telescope. While the pupil and illumination changes expected at these other telescopes are small, scaling from our results enables us to estimate and bound these effects, and show that they are controllable even for the new and next generation of RV instruments in their quest to beat down instrumental noise sources toward the goal of a few

cm

s

−
1

.
Detectability of “Merger-nova” Emission from a Long-lived Magnetar in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Yuan Yong , Lü Hou-Jun , Yuan Hao-Yu , Ma Shuai-Bing , Lei Wei-Hua , Liang En-Wei
Published: April 2021

One possible progenitor of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is thought to be from a double neutron star (NS) merger, and the remnant of such a merger may be a supramassive NS, which is supported by rigid rotation and through its survival of hundreds of seconds before collapsing into a black hole (BH). If this is the case, an optical/infrared transient (namely merger-nova) is generated from the ejected materials and it is powered by radioactive decay from r-process, spin-down energy from a supramassive NS, as well as the magnetic wind from a newborn BH. In this paper, we systematically search for the signature of a supramassive NS central engine by analyzing the X-ray emission of short GRBs with internal plateau observed by Swift, and we find that five candidates of short GRBs have such a feature with redshift measurement. Then, we calculate the possible merger-nova emission from those candidates given the typical model parameters by considering the above three energy sources, and compare its brightness with the sensitivity of some optical telescopes. We find that the merger-nova emission of GRB 060801 in K-, r-, and U-bands with variations of M
ej (10−4–10−2
M
⊙), κ (0.1–10 cm2 g−1), and β (0.1–0.3) is very difficult to detect using the Vera C. Rubin, Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS), the Zwicky Transient Facility, and the Roman Space Telescope (Roman), except for the case of large ejecta mass M
ej = 10−2
M
⊙. However, we are very hopeful to detect the merger-nova emission of GRBs 090515, 100625A, and 101219A using more sensitive instruments, such as Vera C. Rubin, Pan-STARRS, and Roman. Moreover, the merger-nova emission of GRB 160821B is bright enough to detect in our calculations, and it is also consistent with current real observations of merger-nova emission.
Relating the Properties of Chromospheric Condensation to Flare Energy Transported by Thermal Conduction
Authors: Ashfield W. H. , Longcope D. W.
Published: April 2021

Chromospheric condensation is a brief episode of downflow often accompanying energy release and evaporation in a solar flare. While this component of a flare reflects the energy release process only indirectly, it can be observed at high spatial and temporal resolution, even from the ground. It appears in spectroscopic observations of cooler lines, formed below ∼105 K, as a redshift that peaks and decays after less than 1 minute. In order to use this signature to infer characteristics of solar flare energy release, it is important to establish quantitative relationships with properties of the condensation. The initial investigation reported here does so after restricting consideration to energy transport via thermal conduction into a simplified, stratified chromosphere. We develop an analytical expression for the decay of a condensation propagating into a stratified atmosphere. This model provides a relationship between shock velocity and preshock density structure. We also use one-dimensional gasdynamic simulations to explore the dynamics of these shocks as they penetrate into the stratified chromosphere. We find that the peak downflow speed primarily reflects the energy flux into the chromosphere, while the product of this velocity and the redshift duration is proportional to the preshock density scale height as H ≃ 0.6u
0
τ.
Impact of Dark Photon Emission on Massive Star Evolution and Pre-supernova Neutrino Signal
Authors: Sieverding A. , Rrapaj E. , Guo G. , Qian Y.-Z.
Published: April 2021

We study the effects of additional cooling due to the emission of a dark matter candidate particle, the dark photon, on the final phases of the evolution of a 15 M
⊙ star and resulting modifications of the pre-supernova neutrino signal. For a substantial portion of the dark photon parameter space the extra cooling speeds up Si burning, which results in a reduced number of neutrinos emitted during the last day before core collapse. This reduction can be described by a systematic acceleration of the relevant timescales and the results can be estimated semi-analytically in good agreement with the numerical simulations. Outside the semi-analytic regime we find more complicated effects. In a narrow parameter range, low-mass dark photons lead to an increase in the number of emitted neutrinos because of additional shell-burning episodes that delay core collapse. Furthermore, relatively strong couplings produce a thermonuclear runaway during O burning, which could result in a complete disruption of the star but requires more detailed simulations to determine the outcome. Our results show that pre-supernova neutrino signals are a potential probe of the dark photon parameter space.
Unusual Presentation of Widely Metastatic Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma: Case Report
Authors: Nelson Jay , Mousa Mina , Diaz Joana , Bui Marilyn , Caracciolo Jamie
Published: April 2021

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive malignant osteoid forming mesenchymal neoplasm arising from soft tissues which accounts for 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. We report the case of a 46-year-old female with no significant past medical history presenting to an emergency department with a right lateral thigh mass following minor trauma. She was eventually found to have high grade extraskeletal osteosarcoma with rapid progression of disease resulting in patient demise. Differentiation of these lesions from alternative processes relies on specific imaging and pathologic features. Differential diagnoses include both benign and malignant etiologies such as myositis ossificans, soft tissue hemangiomas, and other malignant soft tissue neoplasms such as epithelial and synovial sarcoma.
La préparation de l’armée américaine à la transition énergétique
Authors: Lefeez Sophie
Published: April 2021

Les armées américaines poursuivent depuis une quinzaine d’années une politique de transition énergétique en deux volets : production autonome d’énergies renouvelables, ou au minimum consommation d’énergies renouvelables, et conversion aux biocarburants. Leurs motivations sont principalement stratégiques et économiques. Initiée par le niveau fédéral, cette politique a été appropriée différemment par chacune des trois armées ( terre, air, mer ) en fonction de leur principal poste de dépense énergétique. L’armée de terre a ainsi encouragé la production d’énergies renouvelables sur ses emprises et la conversion d’une partie de sa flotte de véhicules terrestres à l’électrique. La Navy s’est résolument engagée sur la voie des biocarburants, sans réussir toutefois à faire décoller une industrie capable de répondre aux immenses besoins du Département à la défense à un prix concurrentiel. Quant à l’armée de l’air, ses efforts ne sont guère allés au-delà de la certification de ses aéronefs à l’usage des biocarburants. En 2015, les armées étaient capables de produire environ 82 % du total de l’énergie renouvelable consommée, mais seulement 3,6 % de la consommation totale d’électricité du Département à la défense. Elles se sont alors lancées dans des projets de plus grande capacité productive. L’arrivée au pouvoir des républicains a néanmoins mis un coup d’arrêt à certains programmes et modifié les priorités. Or, les armées voient dans les énergies renouvelables principalement un moyen de renforcer leur résilience et de gagner en autonomie stratégique : elles poursuivent donc leurs actions mais de manière plus discrète.
Living Lab de recherche et médiation scientifique : une tentative d’innovation populaire
Authors: Millet François , Ducoulombier Pauline
Published: April 2021

De 2018 à 2021, l’association Relais d’sciences – Le Dôme a mené une démarche Living Lab dans le cadre du programme de recherche sur la transition énergétique et hydrogène Téthys. Cette démarche visait à produire avec la population des supports de médiation, puis des scénarios d’usages et des prototypes. En organisant des ateliers participatifs, Le Dôme a permis aux publics d’être reconnus dans une posture de participants. Cette exploration a permis d’expérimenter les modèles et structuration conceptuelle des Living Lab qui s’inscrivent dans la mise en place de «  projets portés par l’usager  » tels que l’acceptation de la diversité des parties prenantes, le cheminement du parcours d’innovation et le modèle Connaissance – Social – Affaire de signature de la mesure d’impact de tel projet. Il introduit également des réflexions sur les leviers de la participation motivant l’engagement dans de telles démarches et propose des pistes pour un changement de modèle d’action culturelle au sein des centres de culture scientifique en faveur d’une innovation populaire.
La transition énergétique normande mise à l’épreuve par des profanes-néophytes
Authors: Naudon Frédéric
Published: April 2021

Un profane-néophyte peut-il, aux côtés d’un spécialiste, participer efficacement à la création de nouvelles connaissances ? Peut-il aider le « sachant » à mieux comprendre son propre domaine ? Cet article présente un dispositif expérimental original : proposer à des profanes-néophytes de mettre à l’épreuve un projet technologique intégré dans le chemin de transition écologique que s’est choisi une région, la Normandie. Questions techniques inédites, problématique sociale impensée et étonnements sur la conduite du projet, les profanes-néophytes iront jusqu’à favoriser l’émergence d’un autre chemin de transition énergétique et feront apparaître les difficultés, ou peut-être l’impossibilité, de réunir dans un même objet, deux projets différents : un bateau-école à hydrogène et un démonstrateur industriel. Les résultats de ce dispositif expérimental peuvent, nous l’espérons, alimenter la réflexion sur le rôle des profanes-néophytes dans des dispositifs participatifs de type mini-publics et poser la question de leur possible légitimité technique.
Transformational Leadership and Innovation for Competitive Advantage in Large Firms and SMEs
Authors: Ashoor Wafa Abdullah
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study is to empirically investigate how transformational leadership (TL) practices encourage innovation for competitive advantage within the specific context of Saudi large firms and SMEs. Despite a profusion of studies noting that innovation strongly contributes to a firm’s performance, there is a dearth of studies about how TL practically encourages organizational innovativeness. Moreover, because many leadership studies are limited in their location to Western nations, further research in a range of different cultural contexts is warranted. This study will address these issues and suggest a conceptual framework that empirically tests the path-dependent influences of: TL, structural capital, relational capital, tacit knowledge sharing and training, on innovation outcomes. This study will employ a mixed methods approach to examine the hypothesized relationships between factors. The findings of this research may emphasize the importance of utilising TL style as a process, rather than through the study of leadership alone, in facilitating innovation.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in a Patient with Empty Sella Turcica
Authors: Pathania Jyoti , Pathania Anshit Abhi , Thakur Vishal
Published: April 2021

Empty sella turcica is a condition in which the pituitary gland is absent completely or partially from the sella turcica or pituitary fossa. The patient may be asymptomatic with empty sella turcica as an incidental finding, or may have symptoms of pituitary hormones deficiency. Perioperative management of these patients depends on the symptoms and signs of hormonal deficiencies and the hormonal replacement treatment.
Transportation Pods for Transport of COVID - 19 Patients
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Sundeep , Puthenveettil Nitu
Published: April 2021

No Abstract available
Giant Antrochoanal Polyp: Anaesthetic Considerations
Authors: Surana Ranu , Bharadwaj Avnish
Published: April 2021

Antrochoanal polyps (ACP) are benign lesions that arise from the mucosa of the maxillary sinus. Large antrochoanal polyps may extend in to the nasopharynx and beyond hyoid bone and reach almost up to the epiglottis. We present our experience of airway management for FESS in an 11-year child with a giant atypical antrochoanal polyp extending in to the oral cavity.
Myasthenia Gravis Misdiagnosed as Post-Thyroidectomy Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy: A Case Report
Authors: Sripriya R. , Joshi Reesha , Sivashanmugam T. , Ravishankar M.
Published: April 2021

About 85% of patients with myasthenia gravis present with ptosis and generalised muscle weakness, but 15% may present with pure bulbar symptoms which can be misdiagnosed. We describe a 60-year old female patient with multinodular goitre who had symptom of dysphagia and was subjected to total thyroidectomy. Post-operatively she developed respiratory distress and had difficulty in phonation. Bilateral vocal cord palsy was identified and emergency tracheostomy was done. Review of the patient revealed a mass in the anterior mediastinum and the patient showed improvement with pyridostigmine. Thymoma was confirmed in the computed tomography scan. This case highlights the unanticipated problems faced due to an undiagnosed myasthenia gravis and the importance of having a high index of suspicion of myasthenia gravis in patients with subtle bulbar symptoms.
COVID - 19 Intubation Box: Is it the New Normal???
Authors: Bawa Chashamjot , Sarna Rashi , Chauhan Rajeev
Published: April 2021

No Abstract available
Oxycarenus breddini Bergroth, 1905 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Oxycarenidae): type material discovered, lectotype designated, and neotype set aside
Authors: Scudder Geoffrey G.E.
Published: April 2021

Type material (treated as syntypes) of Oxycarenus breddini Bergroth, 1905 has been found in the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique in Brussels, Belgium. A lectotype has been designated, and so the neotype is redundant.
Rural Road Infrastructural Challenges: An Impediment to Agricultural Development in Idanre Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olorunfemi Samuel Oluwaseyi
Published: April 2021

Accessibility to the rural area by road is a key factor in achieving Sustainable Development Goals in pursuance of optimal survival these areas. Various rural development policies instituted in Nigeria to alleviate the condition of rural dwellers and to sustain agricultural development, yet the smooth accessibility desires of several rural areas impaired by poor rural road infrastructure. The resultant effect of this is low agricultural productivity in rural areas and food insecurity. Rural communities in developing countries are mostly disconnected from the major roads and public transport services that should provide them access to the economic and social opportunities in cities. To this end, the research examined how road infrastructural challenges have impeded the development of agriculture in Idanre Local Government Council Areas, Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was purposively and randomly administered to collect data from a total of 200 farmers across 20 villages in the study area. Analysis of data for the information retrieved from the respondents were carried out with aid of descriptive statistics while stepwise regression examination was done to test the hypothesis. Findings revealed a high cost of transportation and irregular transport services as a result of the poor state of the roads in the study area have hindered effective agricultural development. Results also indicated that motorcycles were the dominant means of transportation in the LGA. This among others resulted in an increasing rate of post-harvest loss because of the restrictive capacity of motorcycle and high cost of transportation. The study recommended the construction and rehabilitation of dilapidated roads infrastructure to enhance agricultural development in the study area.
Maintainability of manpower system with restricted recruitment
Authors: Ossai EO
Published: April 2021

The maintainability of a manpower system is studied under a Markov framework. The classical method of controlling only one factor of flow is extended to highlight the case in which two factors are under control simultaneously. One special case of this extension, where recruitment of units faces partial embargo, is given, which led to other important results.KEY WORDS: Manpower structure, Maintainability, Factors of flow, Markov model Probability.