bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personal goal setting eHealth component associated with improved weight loss at 6 months: A mixed methods secondary analysis
Authors: Hurley Lex , Nezami Brooke T , Sciamanna Christopher , Tate Deborah F
Published: August 2024

Objective

Goal setting is a behavior change technique associated with improved change in outcomes. Digital (eHealth, mHealth) behavior change interventions often prescribe all goals with no opportunity for participants to create and track their own; thus, little is known about the types of goals participants create for themselves and their impacts on behavioral outcomes. This analysis describes the goals created by participants using an optional personal goal-setting component and evaluates the association between participant goal creation and weight loss in an eHealth adult weight loss intervention.

Methods

This represents a mixed methods QUANT-qual design to understand the types of goals users create for themselves and their impacts on behavior change outcomes. Qualitative codes were applied for the topic, behavior/outcome focus, adherence to SMART criteria, and repetition with count summaries. Quantitative analyses applied regression modeling to determine if the number of goals set was associated with the 6-month weight change, controlling for covariates.

Results

Participants (n = 363) set an average of 23.4 goals (SD = 22.7) over 6 months. Those who reached at least 5% weight loss set significantly more goals than those who lost between 1% and 4.99% or who lost <1% or gained weight ( p's < 0.0001). Setting more personal goals was associated with significant weight loss reduction at 6 months, controlling for covariates ( p's < 0.05).

Conclusions

Greater use of a personal goal-setting feature was associated with improved weight loss outcomes among active users. This can be a low-investment addition to digital behavior change interventions to contribute to improved outcomes.
Reflective and reflexive research participants: Growing the scope for engaging the expertise of frontline workers for policy change
Authors: Innes Alexandria
Published: August 2024

A key value of reflexive research is the constant attentiveness to the forces that produce the way we think about the world. Yet, the researcher constantly grapples with the risk of making him or herself too central to the research. In this article I argue that the risk of researcher-centred research can be mitigated while enhancing the benefits of reflexive practice by incorporating the methodological practice of reflexivity on the part of research participants. This research develops a theoretical argument for a research design that values the expertise of frontline workers understood as whole and complex people rather than simply as agents of the state. I demonstrate that putting their expertise into a reflexive methodological framework can realise effective policy, institutional and systemic change.
The Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Isomerism Undergoing Single Ventricular Palliation: Insights From A Single-Center Study in Thailand
Authors: Wicheannarat Tanawat , Chungsomprasong Paweena , Chanthong Prakul , Vijarnsorn Chodchanok , Kanjanauthai Supaluck , Pacharapakornpong Thita , Thammasate Ploy , Durongpisitkul Kritvikrom , Soongswang Jarupim , Tocharoenchok Teerapong , Nitiyarom Ekarat , Tantiwongkosri Kriangkrai , Subtaweesin Thaworn
Published: August 2024

Background: The management of atrial isomerism across various countries may impact survival outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study involved patients diagnosed with atrial isomerism undergoing single ventricular palliation between 2000 and 2021. The objective was to evaluate survival outcomes within the right atrial isomerism (RAI) and left atrial isomerism (LAI) groups, as well as overall survival. Results: Of the 125 patients diagnosed with atrial isomerism, 105 (84%) had RAI, and 20 (16%) had LAI. The median age at presentation was 3 days (range: birth to 7.1 years), with median follow-up of 6.6 years (range: 0.59 months to 30.8 years). In the overall cohort, survival rates at one, five, and ten years were 85.6%, 72.3%, and 66.8%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between RAI and LAI groups (log rank P value = .293). Specifically, survival rates in the RAI group at one, five, and ten years were 83.8%, 69.0%, and 62.6%, respectively, while in the LAI group, there were 95.0%, 89.7%, and 81.6%, respectively. Following the third-stage operation, overall survival rates at one and five years were 76.4% and 76.4%, respectively. Among patients in the RAI group, survival rates at one and five years post-third stage operation were 80.2% and 80.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Despite resource limitations, the survival outcomes of patients with atrial isomerism were found to be similar with those observed in high-income countries. Although an increased mortality rate was noted within the first year of life, focusing efforts on neonatal and infant care holds potential for improving overall outcomes.
Leaching a complex copper–cobalt oxide ore from Zebesha Mine in Zambia, a novel method
Authors: Uahengo Foibe DL , Hara Yotamu RS , Bazhko Olga
Published: August 2024

The study focused on leaching complex copper–cobalt oxide ore from Zebesha Mine in Zambia. The chemical analysis indicated the presence of cobalt, copper, nickel, manganese and iron as base metals. Copper is predominantly found in malachite and a small portion in heterogenite mineral along with cobalt, iron, manganese and nickel. The leaching process involved using solutions containing iron: ferrous sulphate, FeSO4·7H2O; ferrous ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O; and ferric sulphate, Fe2(SO4)3. The effects of temperature and salt concentrations were studied alongside metal content determination through titration-atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. It was observed that the preferential dissolution of copper occurred with Fe2 (SO4)3 while temperatures above 70°C leaching with FeSO4·7H2O resulted in the recovery of over 80% of manganese and cobalt. This study suggests that ferrous containing lixiviants can effectively promote the manganese and cobalt dissolution but are not efficient for extracting copper. Furthermore, using Fe2(SO4)3 may allow for selective leaching of copper.
A Product Evaluation of Augmented Reality Equipment Coupled to Diagnostic Medical Sonography: A Potential Equipment and Ergonomic Innovation
Authors: Evans Kevin D. , Bradbury Peter , Bloom Isaiah W. , Xu Menglin
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The aim of this product evaluation was to investigate the workflow and occupational health benefits of implementing augmented reality (AR) technology (MediView XR Inc, Cleveland, OH) paired with a portable ultrasound equipment system.

Materials and Methods:

A diverse sample of sonography users was consented and ranged in experience levels. They were asked to complete a video training session, a hands-on demonstration, and remote instruction while using the augmented reality ultrasound (AR US) system. The duration of participants’ tasks was assessed during the use of both AR US and the 2-dimensional ultrasound (2D US) system. Participants’ postures and positions were evaluated using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), which assessed ergonomic risk factors, linked to body position and muscle usage. Participants also completed the System Usability Scale (SUS). Finally, participants were invited to complete a qualitative interview session, regarding the use of the AR US system.

Results:

A total of 20 participants provided data after using both the AR US and 2D US systems. The assessment data revealed positive SUS scores, which reflected favorably on both the product, education, and the training provided. The time spent on simulated work (20 minutes), with both imaging systems, remained consistent. The Rapid Upper Limb Assessment tool (RULA) scores for the cohort indicated a lower (better) median upper body score when using the AR US system. The cohort also had a statistically significant lower median subscore for the neck, trunk, and legs, compared with 2D US ( p < 0.00).

Conclusion:

Although larger studies are necessary to validate these findings, this cohort identified several opportunities for integrating the AR US system. Preliminary evidence suggests that an AR US system may offer occupational health benefits, as part of the imaging workflow.
Prognostic impact of cytogenetic abnormalities detected by FISH in AL amyloidosis with daratumumab-based frontline therapy
Authors: Chakraborty Rajshekhar , Zanwar Saurabh , Hegenbart Ute , Bhutani Divaya , Gertz Morie A. , Dispenzieri Angela , Kumar Shaji , D’Souza Anita , Patwari Anannya , Cowan Andrew , Chen GuiZhen , Milani Paolo , Palladini Giovanni , Sanchorawala Vaishali , Bodanapu Geethika , Schönland Stefan O. , Lentzsch Suzanne , Muchtar Eli
Published: August 2024

We performed an international retrospective study on 283 patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis to investigate the prognostic impact of cytogenetic abnormalities by fluorescence in situ hybridization, when treated with frontline daratumumab–based therapy. The cytogenetic subgroups of interest were t(11;14), gain/amp(1q) (hereafter, +1q), hyperdiploidy, deletion(13q), del(17p), and myeloma high-risk (HR) translocations (t[4;14], t[14;16], or t[14;20]). The end points of interest were rate of hematologic complete response (heme-CR), very good partial response (VGPR) or better, and hematologic event-free survival (heme-EFS). The incidence of abnormalities was as follows: t(11;14), 53.4%; deletion (13q), 28.9%; +1q, 22.3%; hyperdiploidy, 19.4%; HR translocations, 6.6%; and deletion(17p), 4.5%. The heme-CR rate by cytogenetic subgroups were as follows: t(11;14) vs no t(11;14), 45.2% vs 41.8% (P=0.597); del(13q) vs no del(13q), 46.8% vs 42.8% (P=0.594); +1q vs no +1q, 30.2% vs 47.9% (P=0.022); hyperdiploidy vs no hyperdiploidy, 39.5% vs 44.9% (P=0.541); HR translocations vs none, 45.5% vs 43.1% (P=0.877); and del(17p) vs no del(17p), 50.0% vs 42.9% (P=0.658), respectively. Similarly, +1q was the only subgroup with a significantly lower VGPR or better rate (64.2% vs 79.0%; P=0.033). At a median follow-up of 19.8 months, the median heme-EFS was 49.6 months (95% CI, 24.7-not reached [NR]), and the 2-year overall survival (OS) was 80.98% (95% CI, 75.6-85.4). The presence of +1q was significantly associated with worse heme-EFS on multivariate analysis (HR 2.06, 95% CI, 1.14-3.71; P=0.017). Notably, there was no adverse prognostic impact of t(11;14) on heme-EFS or OS. In conclusion, +1q is associated with worse outcome in the daratumumab-era. Clinical trials testing novel frontline immunotherapies should be enriched in +1q to further improve outcomes in this subgroup.
Comparison of gepant effects at therapeutic plasma concentrations: connecting pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Boucherie Deirdre M. , Dammers Ruben , Vincent Arnaud , Danser A. H. Jan , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette
Published: August 2024

Background

Orally administered second-generation gepants are effective for the treatment of migraine. The intranasal administration of the third-generation gepant zavegepant might have additional benefits including a rapid onset of action, but it is not clear yet to which extent this has clinical relevance.

Methods

We examined the effect of zavegepant on the relaxations induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in human isolated middle meningeal arteries. Furthermore, we connected the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of gepants by combining data from clinical and basic research.

Results

We showed that 10 nM zavegepant potently antagonized the functional response to CGRP. We also showed that all gepants are effective at inhibiting functional responses to CGRP at their therapeutic plasma concentrations.

Conclusions

The relatively low predicted potency of zavegepant to inhibit CGRP-induced relaxation at therapeutic systemic plasma concentrations may point to the relevance of local delivery to the trigeminovascular system through intranasal administration. This approach may have additional benefits for various groups of patients, including overweight patients.
Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of early endoscopic treatment of Acute biliary pancreatitis based on lightweight deep learning model
Authors: Xiong Rihui , Xiong Danjuan , Wu Zhaoping , Xiao Xifeng
Published: August 2024

Background

Acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) is a clinical common acute abdomen. After the first pancreatitis, relapse rate is high, which seriously affects human life and health and causes great economic burdens to family and society. According to a great many research findings, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an effective treatment method. However, whether ERCP should be performed in early stage of ABP is still controversial in clinical practice.

Methods

Related articles were retrieved from Pubmed, Web of Science core library, Nature, Science Direct, and other databases published from January 2000 until now. The keywords included early ERCP, delayed ERCP, ABP, laparoscopy, and cholecystectomy, all which were connected by “or” and “and”. The language of articles was not restricted during the retrieval and Review Manager5.3 was employed to perform meta-analysis of experimental data. Finally, a total of 8 eligible articles were selected, including 8,801 patients.

Results

The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that no remarkable differences were detected in the incidence of complications, mortality, and operation time between patients undergoing ERCP in early stage and those receiving delayed ERCP. However, the hospitalization time of patients in experimental group was notably shorter than that among patients in control group.

Conclusins

Early ERCP treatment is as safe as late ERCP treatment for biliary pancreatitis, and can significantly shorten the hospital stay. Hence, the therapy was worthy of clinical promotion. The research findings provided reference and basis for clinical treatment of relevant diseases.
Diagnostic utility of apparent diffusion coefficient in preoperative assessment of endometrial cancer: are we ready for the 2023 FIGO staging?
Authors: Saleh Gehad A. , Abdelrazek Rasha , Hassan Amany , Hamdy Omar , Tantawy Mohammed Salah Ibrahim
Published: August 2024

Background

Although endometrial cancer (EC) is staged surgically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a critical role in assessing and selecting the most appropriate treatment planning. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of quantitative analysis of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in preoperative assessment of EC.

Methods

Prospective analysis was done for sixty-eight patients with pathology-proven endometrial cancer who underwent MRI and DWI. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured by two independent radiologists and compared with the postoperative pathological results.

Results

There was excellent inter-observer reliability in measuring ADCmean values. There were statistically significant lower ADCmean values in patients with deep myometrial invasion (MI), cervical stromal invasion (CSI), type II EC, and lympho-vascular space involvement (LVSI) (AUC = 0.717, 0.816, 0.999, and 0.735 respectively) with optimal cut-off values of ≤ 0.84, ≤ 0.84, ≤ 0.78 and ≤ 0.82 mm2/s respectively. Also, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between ADC values and the updated 2023 FIGO stage and tumor grade (strong association), and the 2009 FIGO stage (medium association).

Conclusions

The preoperative ADCmean values of EC were significantly correlated with main prognostic factors including depth of MI, CSI, EC type, grade, nodal involvement, and LVSI.
Lessons for expanding virtual mentoring in academic medical institutions: a qualitative study among senior mentors
Authors: Riley Elise D. , Chur Elizabeth , Gandhi Monica , Fuchs Jonathan D. , Sauceda John A. , Sterling Lauren A. , Johnson Mallory O.
Published: August 2024

Background

Virtual activities, hybrid work and virtual mentoring have become part of the ongoing milieu of academic medicine. As the shift to remote mentoring continues to evolve, it is now possible to adapt, refine, and improve tools to support thriving mentoring relationships that take place virtually. This study explores strategies for virtual mentoring as a cornerstone for effective training programs among senior mentors participating in an ongoing mentoring program.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study among prior and current participants of an ongoing “Mentoring the Mentors” program about key strategies for optimizing virtual mentoring. Data were coded and analyzed following a thematic analysis approach.

Results

Respondents were mostly female (62%), white (58%), and associate (39%) or full professors (32%). We found that, with the expansion of hybrid and fully remote work, there are now fewer opportunities for informal but important chance meetings between mentors and mentees; however, virtual mentoring provides opportunities to compensate for reduced interactivity normally experienced in the workplace. The heightened need to plan and be more deliberate in the virtual sphere was woven throughout narratives and was the foundation of most recommendations. Specifically, a central obstacle for respondents was that spontaneous conversations were harder to initiate because virtual conversations are expected to have set agendas.

Conclusions

Developing new ways to maintain meaningful interpersonal relationships in a virtual training environment, including opportunities for serendipitous and informal engagement, is critical to the success of virtual mentoring programs.
Using PACS for teaching radiology to undergraduate medical students
Authors: Rita Mojtahedzadeh , Aeen Mohammadi , Rajabzadeh Farnood , Saeed Akhlaghi
Published: August 2024

Background

Traditional radiology education for medical students predominantly uses textbooks, PowerPoint files, and hard-copy radiographic images, which often lack student interaction. PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) is a crucial tool for radiologists in viewing and reporting images, but its use in medical student training remains limited.

Objective

This study investigates the effectiveness of using PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) for teaching radiology to undergraduate medical students compared to traditional methods.

Methods

Fifty-three medical students were divided into a control group (25 students) receiving traditional slide-based training and an intervention group (28 students) using PACS software to view complete patient images. Pre- and post-course tests and satisfaction surveys were conducted for both groups, along with self-evaluation by the intervention group. The validity and reliability of the assessment tools were confirmed through expert review and pilot testing.

Results

No significant difference was found between the control and intervention groups regarding, gender, age, and GPA. Final multiple-choice test scores were similar (intervention: 10.89 ± 2.9; control: 10.76 ± 3.5; p = 0.883). However, the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher improvement in the short answer test for image interpretation (intervention: 8.8 ± 2.28; control: 5.35 ± 2.39; p = 0.001). Satisfaction with the learning method did not significantly differ between groups (intervention: 36.54 ± 5.87; control: 39.44 ± 7.76; p = 0.129). The intervention group reported high familiarity with PACS capabilities (75%), CT principles (71.4%), interpretation (64.3%), appropriate window selection (75%), and anatomical relationships (85.7%).

Conclusion

PACS-based training enhances medical students’ diagnostic and analytical skills in radiology. Further research with larger sample sizes and robust assessment methods is recommended to confirm and expand upon theses results
Empagliflozin and left atrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: insight from the EMPA-HEART CardioLink‐6 randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pourafkari Marina , Connelly Kim A. , Verma Subodh , Mazer C. David , Teoh Hwee , Quan Adrian , Goodman Shaun G. , Rai Archana , Ng Ming Yen , Deva Djeven P. , Triverio Piero , Jiminez-Juan Laura , Yan Andrew T. , Ge Yin
Published: August 2024

Background

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated reduction in heart failure outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, although the exact mechanism of benefit remains unclear. Alteration in left atrial (LA) function due to chronic pressure or volume overload is a hallmark of heart failure.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on LA volume and function.

Methods

90 patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were randomized to empagliflozin (n = 44) or placebo (n = 46), and underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging at baseline and after 6 months. The main outcome was change in LA volume; LA function, including active and passive components, was also measured by a blinded reader.

Results

At baseline, there was no significant difference in LA volumes between the empagliflozin (indexed maximum LA volume 26.4 ± 8.4mL/m2, minimum LA volume 11.1 ± 5.7mL/m2) and placebo (indexed maximum LA volume 28.7 ± 8.2mL/m2, minimum LA volume 12.6 ± 5.0mL/m2) groups. After 6 months, changes in LA volumes did not differ with adjusted difference (empagliflozin minus placebo): 0.99 mL/m2 (95% CI: -1.7 to 3.7 mL/m2; p = 0.47) for indexed maximum LA volume, and 0.87 mL/m2 (95% CI: -0.9 to 2.6 mL/m2; p = 0.32) for indexed minimum LA volume. Changes in total LA emptying fraction were also similar, with between-group adjusted mean difference − 0.01 (95% CI: -0.05 to 0.03, p = 0.59).

Conclusion

SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin for 6 months did not have a significant impact on LA volume and function in patients with T2DM and coronary artery disease. (Effects of Empagliflozin on Cardiac Structure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes [EMPA-HEART]; NCT02998970).
Knowledge of, and attitude towards, the treatment of hepatitis C in people who inject drugs
Authors: Roser Patrik , Brunstein Mona , Specka Michael , Timm Jörg , Kühnhold Stefan , Schifano Fabrizio , Bonnet Udo , Scherbaum Norbert
Published: August 2024

Background

Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) as a curative treatment of hepatitis C have been available for several years and have replaced interferon-containing therapies. However, treatment rates of people who inject drugs (PWID) are declining in Germany, putting the elimination of hepatitis C by 2030 at risk. This study aimed at elucidating the knowledge of, and attitude towards, hepatitis C treatment in a clinical sample of PWID.

Methods

Participants were recruited between February 2019 and October 2020 at two opioid agonist therapy (OAT) clinics and two in-patient drug detoxification wards. Based on the European Addiction Severity Index (Europ-ASI), a standardized interview focusing on: sociodemographic data, drug history, risky behavior, infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV, and previous experience with HCV treatment was carried out. In addition, participants filled in a questionnaire evaluating 13 statements relating to HCV treatment (right/wrong) and 15 statements on their personal ‘pros and cons’ views to start such a treatment assessed with the means of a 6-point Likert scale.

Results

A total of 153 patients (average age 45 years, male 78%; 106 (69.3%) currently in opioid maintenance treatment, 47 (30.7%) currently admitted to an inpatient detoxification) with an opioid use disorder were investigated. All of them reported having injected drugs at least once in their lives; 97 participants (63.3%) stated that they had been previously diagnosed with HCV infection. Among them, 27/97 patients (27.8%) reported a previous treatment with interferon; 27/97 (27.8%) with DAAs; and 32/97 (33.0%) reported a currently active hepatitis C. Most patients knew about the availability and efficacy of DAAs. However, DAAs’ low rate of side effects, their short treatment duration, and their replacement of interferon, were not correctly evaluated by up to 50.3% of patients. 25–40% of 32 patients with currently active hepatitis C prioritized handling of social and other medical issues, e.g., reduction of heroin use, over treatment of hepatitis C.

Conclusions

Although current levels of risky behavior have reportedly been reduced by active PWID over the past few years, educational and motivational interventions to increase hepatitis C treatment uptake should address the gaps in patients’ knowledge.
NERD-seq: a novel approach of Nanopore direct RNA sequencing that expands representation of non-coding RNAs
Authors: Saville Luke , Wu Li , Habtewold Jemaneh , Cheng Yubo , Gollen Babita , Mitchell Liam , Stuart-Edwards Matthew , Haight Travis , Mohajerani Majid , Zovoilis Athanasios
Published: August 2024

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are frequently documented RNA modification substrates. Nanopore Technologies enables the direct sequencing of RNAs and the detection of modified nucleobases. Ordinarily, direct RNA sequencing uses polyadenylation selection, studying primarily mRNA gene expression. Here, we present NERD-seq, which enables detection of multiple non-coding RNAs, excluded by the standard approach, alongside natively polyadenylated transcripts. Using neural tissues as a proof of principle, we show that NERD-seq expands representation of frequently modified non-coding RNAs, such as snoRNAs, snRNAs, scRNAs, srpRNAs, tRNAs, and rRFs. NERD-seq represents an RNA-seq approach to simultaneously study mRNA and ncRNA epitranscriptomes in brain tissues and beyond.
Variant Impact Predictor database (VIPdb), version 2: trends from three decades of genetic variant impact predictors
Authors: Lin Yu-Jen , Menon Arul S. , Hu Zhiqiang , Brenner Steven E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Variant interpretation is essential for identifying patients’ disease-causing genetic variants amongst the millions detected in their genomes. Hundreds of Variant Impact Predictors (VIPs), also known as Variant Effect Predictors (VEPs), have been developed for this purpose, with a variety of methodologies and goals. To facilitate the exploration of available VIP options, we have created the Variant Impact Predictor database (VIPdb).

Results

The Variant Impact Predictor database (VIPdb) version 2 presents a collection of VIPs developed over the past three decades, summarizing their characteristics, ClinGen calibrated scores, CAGI assessment results, publication details, access information, and citation patterns. We previously summarized 217 VIPs and their features in VIPdb in 2019. Building upon this foundation, we identified and categorized an additional 190 VIPs, resulting in a total of 407 VIPs in VIPdb version 2. The majority of the VIPs have the capacity to predict the impacts of single nucleotide variants and nonsynonymous variants. More VIPs tailored to predict the impacts of insertions and deletions have been developed since the 2010s. In contrast, relatively few VIPs are dedicated to the prediction of splicing, structural, synonymous, and regulatory variants. The increasing rate of citations to VIPs reflects the ongoing growth in their use, and the evolving trends in citations reveal development in the field and individual methods.

Conclusions

VIPdb version 2 summarizes 407 VIPs and their features, potentially facilitating VIP exploration for various variant interpretation applications. VIPdb is available at https://genomeinterpretation.org/vipdb
NSAIDs, analgesics, antiplatelet drugs, and decline in renal function: a retrospective case-control study with SIDIAP database
Authors: Bonet-Monné Sara , Urgell Cristina Vedia , Sáez M. José Pérez , Puertolás Oriol Cunillera , Baena-Díez José Miguel , Pascual Julio , Lago Cristina Orive , Ruiz Jordi Rodriguez , Gonzalez Betlem Salvador , Pedrós Rosa Morros
Published: August 2024

Introduction

We aim to explore the association between NSAIDs consumption, Symptomatic Slow Action Drugs for Osteoarthritis (SYSADOA), analgesics, and antiplatelet drugs, and decline in renal function by estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR).

Methods

We performed a case-control study using the SIDIAP database in Catalonia. We considered defined cases, patients with an eGFR value ≤ 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the period 2010–2015 with a previous eGFR value ≥ 60, and no eGFR ≥ 60 after this period. Controls had an eGFR ≥ 60 with no previous eGFR < 60. Five controls were selected for each case, matched by sex, age, index date, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. We estimated Odds Ratios (OR, 95% Confidence Intervals) of decline in renal function for drugs group adjusting with logistic regression models, by consumption measured in DDD. There were n = 18,905 cases and n = 94,456 controls. The mean age was 77 years, 59% were women. The multivariate adjusted model showed a low risk for eGFR decline for NSAIDs (0.92;0.88–0.97), SYSADOA (0.87;0.83–0.91) and acetaminophen (0.84;0.79–0.89), and an high risk for metamizole (1.07;1.03–1.12), and antiplatelet drugs (1.07;1.03–1.11). The low risk in NSAIDs was limited to propionic acid derivatives (0.92;0.88–0.96), whereas an high risk was observed for high doses in both acetic acid derivatives (1.09;1.03–1.15) and Coxibs (1.19;1.08–1.30). Medium and high use of major opioids shows a high risk (1.15;1.03–1.29). Triflusal showed high risk at medium (1.23;1.02–1.48) and high use (1.68;1.40–2.01).

Conclusion

We observed a decline in renal function associated with metamizole and antiplatelet agent, especially triflusal, and with high use of acetic acid derivates, Coxibs, and major opioids. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results.
Helping mentors address scientific communication in STEM research training helps their mentees stay the course
Authors: Cameron C. , Lee H. Y. , Anderson C. B. , Dahlstrom E. K. , Chang S.
Published: August 2024

Background

Scientific communication (SC) has important social-cognitive, behavioral, and career-related benefits for emerging researchers, but both mentors and mentees find development of SC skills challenging. Whether training mentors to effectively mentor development of SC skills could have a meaningful impact on mentees was not clear. The Scientific Communication Advances Research Excellence (SCOARE) project has conducted faculty training workshops in techniques for mentoring SC skills since 2018. To study indirect workshop effects of mentors’ attendance at the SCOARE workshop on their matched PhD and postdoctoral mentees (N = 477), we surveyed mentees before and 6 months after their mentors attended and measured their social-psychological and behavioral outcomes. To examine the effectiveness of the workshop and to explore whether workshop effects vary based on mentee demographic characteristics, including home language variety (speaker of standardized English [STE], non-standardized English [NSTE], or another language [L2]), we conducted multilevel models.

Results

After adjusting baseline scores, mentees of mentors who attended SCOARE workshops (W +) were more engaged in speaking activities (β =0 .30, p = 0.016), had higher science identity (β = 0.20, p = 0.048), and were less likely to reconsider their career due to SC skills (β = – 0.39, p = 0.004) than mentees in the W– group. Across demographic groups, mentees of mentors who attended SCOARE workshops showed similar improvements in SC outcomes. Postdoctoral mentees, compared to doctoral mentees, had higher science identity and lower intention to pursue a non-research-intensive career. Comparing mentees of the 3 categories of home language variety, both the NSTE and L2 groups, compared to the STE group, were more likely to reconsider their careers due to SC skills and had a higher intention to pursue non-research-intensive careers both at baseline and post-workshop, suggesting the possibility of language background as a barrier to mentee career progression.

Conclusion

Mentor training for SC skill development can improve social-psychological and behavioral outcomes for mentees, including science identity, frequency of speaking, and reconsideration of research careers due to concerns about SC.
Massive bleeding and perforation due to post-colectomy pan-enteritis with a significant response to biologic in a patient with ulcerative colitis: a case report
Authors: Toritani Kenichiro , Kimura Hideaki , Maebashi Manabu , Kurimura Kazuki , Haruyama Serina , Nakamori Yoshinori , Matsubayashi Mao , Kunisaki Reiko , Tanaka Reiko , Fujii Satoshi , Endo Itaru
Published: August 2024

Background

Post-colectomy pan-enteritis in ulcerative colitis (UC) is very rare, but it is often severe and fatal. We present a case of massive bleeding and perforation due to post-colectomy pan-enteritis, which showed a significant response to biologics in a UC patient.

Case presentation

A 30-year-old woman with a 5-month history of pancolitis UC underwent subtotal colectomy with ileostomy and mucosal fistula for refractory UC. She was diagnosed with small bowel obstruction on postoperative day (POD) 8 and bowel bleeding was observed on POD18. Reoperation was performed for bowel obstruction and bleeding on POD20. Intraoperatively, adhesive small bowel obstruction in the ileum and multiple erosions and ulcers with perforation were observed throughout the small bowel. We diagnosed post-colectomy pan-enteritis, and jejunostomy, lavage, adhesiolysis, and a simple closure of the perforated ileum were performed. High-dose steroid therapy for pan-enteritis was administered immediately after reoperation, and infliximab was administered because of worsening bleeding on day 3 after reoperation. Bleeding decreased one day after biologic administration and bleeding completely disappeared on day 10 after biologic administration. Specimens obtained from the terminal ileum at colectomy showed a normal ileum without inflammation and villus atrophy, while specimens from the perforated ileum showed congestion, villous atrophy, epithelial erosion, and mononuclear cell infiltration. No cryptitis, crypt distortion, or basal plasmacytosis (common characteristics in UC) were observed in either specimen.

Conclusion

An early diagnosis and intervention are important for post-colectomy pan-enteritis, and infliximab may be effective. Post-colectomy pan-enteritis with a multiple ulcer phenotype has different histological characteristics from UC and may have a different pathogenesis.
Bibliometric Review of the Step Test: A Comprehensive Analysis of Research Trends and Development
Authors: Sampaio Tatiana , Marinho Daniel A. , Bragada José A. , Morais Jorge E.
Published: August 2024

Background

The step test provides valuable information on cardiorespiratory parameters such as maximal oxygen uptake and heart rate. Cardiorespiratory capacity is critical to health-related fitness, with heart rate recovery after exercise serving as a predictor of mortality risk.

Main Body

The primary objective of this review was to identify trends, key contributors, and emerging themes in the step test literature through 2023 using the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric data extraction and analysis were performed using a dedicated bibliometric software (VOSviewer). The analysis showed continued interest through 2021. The research categories highlight the multidisciplinary nature of the step test, covering cardiovascular systems, respiratory systems, sports sciences, and medicine. It has gained global attention, with 31 countries involved, with Brazil and the United States leading the way. The diversity of contributing nations is increasing, reflecting a growing global interest. With 111 journals involved, such as Respiratory Care and Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, step test research is spread across the academic landscape. With 761 contributing researchers, there is a collaborative and diverse community. The top 10 institutions, including the University of Alabama System and Monash University, illustrate the variety of settings in which step test studies are conducted. Step test studies span multiple disciplines, underscoring their adaptability. The clusters identified in this bibliometric analysis of the step test literature guide future research, suggesting avenues for refining protocols, exploring health implications, optimizing tests for specific conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and adapting step tests in diverse populations.

Conclusions

Practical implications highlight the role of the step test in cardiovascular risk assessment, fitness monitoring, and rehabilitation. This broad review underscores the relevance of the step test in diverse settings, reflecting its adaptability and ease of application across occupational and clinical settings.
A critical analytical aspect on analytical protocols in the pharmaceutical analysis of H1N1 antiviral agent and its active metabolite
Authors: Chaudhari Suraj R. , Salunkhe Vaibhavi K. , Tabade Shubham D. , Bhonde Pragati K. , Kulkarni Sarthak G. , Maykar Dnyaneshwar H. , Ganorkar Saurabh B. , J Sanjay , Surana  , Shirkhedkar Atul A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Oseltamivir (OSM) was the first active oral therapeutic inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1999 for the clinical management of the influenza virus. It is an ester-type prodrug of OSM carboxylate in the market under the trade name Tamiflu™ capsules, i.e., oseltamivir phosphate. Because of the ubiquitous application to alleviate influenza virus (flu virus) symptoms, it is imperative to develop systematic analytical protocols for quality control laboratories, bioequivalence, and pharmacokinetic analysis.

Main body of the abstract

This review provides complete state-of-the-art analytical protocols for quantifying OSM, as published in scientific journals and official compendia. Several studies use LC–MS/MS and HPLC/UV. Additionally, there are reports on UPLC, HPTLC, capillary electrophoresis, FTIR, voltammetry, potentiometry, spectrophotometric, and spectrofluorometry protocols for the drug. Many analytical protocols have also been documented to analyze OSM from environmental water, surface water, sewage discharge, the Neya River and treated sewage effluent and surface water.

Conclusion

The present review concludes with significant remarks on the methodology used to analyze OSM. Despite the therapeutic applicability of the drug, there are a limited number of comprehensive documents on analytical protocols for determining its concentration in various matrices. This lack of information is elusive, as the applicability and effectiveness of these protocols are crucial for ensuring the quality, efficacy, and safety of OSM.
Synergistic effect of waste-derived β-tricalcium phosphate microbeads loaded in hydroxyapatite-keratin-polyvinyl alcohol composite matrix in drug release for osteosarcoma treatment
Authors: Diwan Himanshi , Dan Siddhartha , Sah Mahesh Kumar
Published: August 2024

Background

Sustained drug delivery system (DDS) for clinically relevant osteosarcoma medications is a promising strategy for treatment. β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) microbeads loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and cis-diamminedichloroplatin (CDDP) anticancer drugs in a matrix of hydroxyapatite-keratin-polyvinyl alcohol composite matrix scaffolds (HAp-K-PVA) was developed as promising DDS. HAp, β-TCP, and K utilized for the development of DDS were resourced from avian eggshells and human hairs, respectively, and duly characterized before application.

Methods

The β-TCP/alginate microbeads were fabricated using droplet extrusion and ionotropic gelation, and integrated into secondary drug carrier HAp-K-PVA composite matrix, via freeze gelation. The physicochemical and thermal characterization of developed microbeads and matrix scaffolds was performed.

Results

When DOX and CDDP were co-loaded in DDS, a synergistic impact was observed after 30 days of continuous release, in contrast to the immediate outburst as seen with individual DOX and CDDP releases. Besides, the drug release from the microbeads only, the release with the HAp-K-PVA composite matrix scaffolds was observed slower. The controlled release, antibacterial effectiveness against the test pathogens and cell viability with osteoblast-like osteosarcoma (UTOS) cells indicated the therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteosarcoma in situ. The cell viability was observed for 24 h, which showed nearly 90% after 24 h for HAp-K-PVA composite matrix scaffolds, decreased for all the scaffold groups after 72 h, indicating the enhancement due to combined synergistic effect of the co-loaded drugs.

Conclusion

This study established a promising foundation for novel and sustainable biomaterials for osteosarcoma treatment. Further advancement holds the potential to enhance patient clinical outcomes and foster advancements in the field of regenerative medicine.
Effect of sub-maximal physical fatigue on auditory and visual reaction time in healthy adults: repeated measures design
Authors: Joshi Shubham Khemchand , Dando Stephen
Published: August 2024

Background

Auditory reaction time (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) are critical for patients with stroke, especially during balance training. According to the research, most patients with stroke are fatigued at sub-maximal levels during their stroke rehabilitation. Sub-maximal physical fatigue may affect ART and VRT and impede stroke rehabilitation. Hence, it is important to study the effect of submaximal physical fatigue on ART and VRT. A pilot study on healthy adults paves the way for further research on stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this research is to find out if submaximal physical fatigue affects ART and VRT in healthy adults. In addition, this study also determines if ART and VRT recover to baseline after 15 min of rest post-fatigue session. Furthermore, the goal is to determine whether sub-maximal physical fatigue has a greater effect on ART or VRT.

Methods

A repeated measures within-subject design was used in the study. Eighteen healthy participants (median age 24 years) completed two sessions of a sub-maximal fatigue protocol on a cycle ergometer until they reached a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 15 on a scale of 6–20. Two different fatigue sessions were conducted (one to study the effects of fatigue on ART and the other for VRT). ART or VRT was measured on computer software before (PRE), immediately after (POST-0), and 15 min after (POST-15) the sub-maximal physical fatigue protocol.

Results

The value of median ART increased significantly from PRE to POST-0 (P = 0.002) and it decreased significantly at POST-15 (P = 0.010). Similarly, the value of mean VRT increased from PRE to POST-0 (P = 0.001) before decreasing significantly at POST-15 (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the effects of submaximal fatigue on ART and VRT (P = 0.156).

Conclusion

Due to submaximal physical fatigue, ART and VRT were slower, but they returned to baseline after 15 min of rest. Submaximal physical fatigue had an equal impact on ART and VRT. As balance training requires quicker ART and VRT for optimal outcomes, it may be better if the physiotherapists consider a 15-min rest period between the exercise and balance training in patients with stroke.
Inflammation and Prediction of Death in Type 2 Diabetes. Evidence of an Intertwined Link With Tryptophan Metabolism
Authors: Menzaghi Claudia , Marucci Antonella , Mastroianno Mario , Di Ciaccia Giulio , Armillotta Maria Pia , Prehn Cornelia , Salvemini Lucia , Mangiacotti Davide , Adamski Jerzy , Fontana Andrea , De Cosmo Salvatore , Lamacchia Olga , Copetti Massimiliano , Trischitta Vincenzo
Published: August 2024

Context

The role of inflammation in shaping death risk in diabetes is still unclear.

Objective

To study whether inflammation is associated with and helps predict mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. To explore the intertwined link between inflammation and tryptophan metabolism on death risk.

Methods

There were 2 prospective cohorts: the aggregate Gargano Mortality Study (1731 individuals; 872 all-cause deaths) as the discovery sample, and the Foggia Mortality Study (490 individuals; 256 deaths) as validation sample. Twenty-seven inflammatory markers were measured. Causal mediation analysis and in vitro studies were carried out to explore the link between inflammatory markers and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio (KTR) in shaping mortality risk.

Results

Using multivariable stepwise Cox regression analysis, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, RANTES, and interferon gamma–induced protein-10 (IP-10) were independently associated with death. An inflammation score (I score) comprising these 6 molecules is strongly associated with death in both the discovery and the validation cohorts HR (95% CI) 2.13 (1.91-2.37) and 2.20 (1.79-2.72), respectively. The I score improved discrimination and reclassification measures (all P < .01) of 2 mortality prediction models based on clinical variables. The causal mediation analysis showed that 28% of the KTR effect on mortality was mediated by IP-10. Studies in cultured endothelial cells showed that 5-methoxy-tryptophan, an anti-inflammatory metabolite derived from tryptophan, reduces the expression of IP-10, thus providing a functional basis for the observed causal mediation.

Conclusion

Adding the I score to clinical prediction models may help identify individuals who are at greater risk of death. Deeply addressing the intertwined relationship between low-grade inflammation and imbalanced tryptophan metabolism in shaping mortality risk may help discover new therapies targeting patients characterized by these abnormalities.
Grime, Glitter, and Glass
Authors: Greene Nikki A.
Published: August 2024

In Grime, Glitter, and Glass, Nikki A. Greene examines how contemporary Black visual artists use sonic elements to refigure the formal and philosophical developments of Black art and culture. Focusing on the multimedia art of Renée Stout, Radcliffe Bailey, and María Magdalena Campos-Pons, Greene traces the intersection of the visual’s sonic possibilities with the Black body’s physical, representational, and metaphorical use in art. She employs her concept of “visual aesthetic musicality” to interpret Black visual art by examining the musical genres of jazz and rap along with the often-overlooked innovations of funk and rumba within art historiography. From Bailey’s use of multilayered surfaces of glitter, mud, and recycled materials to meditate on Sun Ra’s Afrofuturism to Stout’s life-sized cast of her own body that recalls funk musician Betty Davis to Campos-Pons’s performative and sculptural references to sugar that resonate with the legacy of Celia Cruz, Greene outlines how these artists use mediums such as molded glass sculptures, viscous wet plaster, and dazzling manikin heads to enhance the manifestations of Black identity. By foregrounding the sonic elements of their work, Greene demonstrates that these artists use sound to make themselves legible, recognizable, and audible.
Proton Pump Inhibitors. Investigating Their Role in Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
Authors: Kruszewski Adrian , Szyszka Monika , Kucharska Maja , Przybysz Paulina , Kwiliński Kacper , Wawrzyńska Barbara , Rydlakowska-Orozco Natalia
Published: August 2024

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used medications known for their effectiveness in reducing gastric acid production and their overall safety profile. Despite being valued for these properties, concerns have been raised regarding potential adverse effects associated with their long-term use. Various studies indicate a higher prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients on prolonged PPI therapy, with symptoms ranging from bloating and diarrhea to malabsorption and nutrient deficiencies. Diagnosing SIBO primarily involves non-invasive breath tests that measure hydrogen and methane levels produced by bacterial fermentation after ingesting a carbohydrate substrate, such as lactulose or glucose. Direct aspiration and culture of small intestinal fluid offer a more definitive diagnosis but are invasive and less commonly performed. Treatment of SIBO focuses on reducing bacterial overgrowth by using antibiotics.This review aims to inform clinicians about the possible risks of PPI therapy and the importance of suspecting SIBO in patients with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms.