bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FREQUENCY OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCER: A SINGLE ONCOLOGY CENTER EXPERIENCE FROM KARACHI, PAKISTAN
Authors: Abro Nargis Aalam , Haider Ghulam , Shah Aamera , Bhutto Sorath , Hashmat Sana , Sarim Tooba
Published: May 2024

Background: The global incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) is escalating. This research aimed to analyze the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients suffering from HNC.
Material and Methods: We conducted a forward-looking observational study at the Department of Medical Oncology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan, from January through September 2021. The study included patients above 15 years old, of any gender, with a confirmed diagnosis of HNC. HPV presence was determined via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for each patient. Socio-demographic data was collected using a pre-established proforma, and data analysis was executed using SPSS version 23.
Results: A total of 305 patients with HCNs were included. The mean age of patients was 46.46±12.58 years. The most common site of HNCs was found to be oral cavity (82%) and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histological type (94.1%). Of 305 HNCs, 134 had tumor size of T3, 200 had nodal status of N1, 263 had grade II and only had metastasis (2.3%). Out of 305 patients with HNCs, 39 cases were found to be HPV positive. Statistically significant differences were observed between HPV and gender (p=0.048), naswar (p=0.018), betel nut consumption (p=0.020) and site of tumor (p=0.038).
Conclusion: The presence of HPV presents distinctive HNC characteristics and may serve as a survival indicator for these types of malignancies. Given the inherent genetic and socio-demographic disparities, along with differences in sexual behaviors and harmful lifestyle habits, the need for sex and race-specific clinical trials for HNC treatment is becoming increasingly evident.
Key Words: Cancer, Head and neck cancer, Human papillomavirus, Oral cavity cancer
CONCERTO FOR PIANO AND ORCHESTRA NO. 1 BY EINAR ENGLUND IN THE LIGHT OF THE SPECIFICS OF FINNISH NEOCLASSICISM
Authors: Копосова И.В. , Кубрина А.В.
Published: May 2024

В статье анализируется Первый концерт для фортепиано с оркестром Эйнара Энглунда, одного из крупных композиторов Финляндии второй половины ХХ века. Энглунд является представителем финского неоклассицизма – течения, имеющего иную датировку и сущность в сравнении с неоклассицизмом в Центральной Европе. Финский неоклассицизм мало освещён в русскоязычной литературе, финские же исследователи пишут об ориентации этого течения на музыку европейских композиторов первой половины ХХ века (И. Стравинского, М. Равеля, П. Хиндемита и др.). Анализ Концерта Э. Энглунда расширяет эти представления, поскольку в тематизме, композиционных особенностях произведения выявлены многочисленные связи с европейским искусством (от Баха до романтиков), а также с музыкой Дж. Гершвина.

The article analyzes the Concerto for Piano and Orchestra No. 1 by Einar Englund, one of the major Finnish composers of the second half of the 20th century. Englund represents Finnish Neoclassicism, a movement that differs in dating and essence from Neoclassicism in Central Europe. Finnish Neoclassicism wasn’t given much coverage in Russian-language literature, whereas Finnish researchers write about the orientation of this movement towards the music of European composers of the first half of the 20th century (I. Stravinsky, M. Ravel, P. Hindemith, etc.). The analysis of Einar Englund's Concerto broadens these ideas, since the author reveals numerous connections with the European art (from Bach to the Romantic-era composers) and with the music by J. Gershwin in the thematic and compositional features of the Concerto.
Apologies, Remorse, and Amends: Empirical Legal Studies Across Domains and Disciplines
Authors: Robbennolt Jennifer K.
Published: May 2024

The role of apologies in law is offered as an example of a topic that cuts across legal fields, and one that is quintessentially interdisciplinary. Because apologies are an often-desired response in the wake of a wrongful act, they can be significant in many legal settings. Apologies or the lack thereof affect attributions of responsibility and blame, provide information, and alter relationships. Apologies play a role in motivating or forestalling legal action, shape settlement in civilcases, influence punishment in criminal cases, provide alternate or complementary means of accountability, and impact relations among parties to conflict from the interpersonal to the geopolitical.  An understanding of apologies is enriched by research conducted by legal scholars, sociologists and psychologists, economists and political scientists, historians and linguists, and criminologists, using methods drawn from each of these fields. This range of empirical research is necessary to successfully develop a better understanding of the desire for, effects of, and limits of apologies across varied legal contexts and the implications for client counseling and legal strategy, for legal reform and systems design, for political decision making, and for procedural, restorative, and transitional justice.
Computational Legal Studies Comes of Age
Authors: Chau Bao , Livermore Michael
Published: May 2024

Computational analysis techniques are transforming empirical legal scholarship. Two paradigms have emerged: law-as-code, which seeks to represent legal rules in a logical, executable format; and law-as-data, which leverages quantitative analysis of legal texts to reveal patterns and insights. This article surveys these approaches, emphasizing recent developments in large language models and generative artificial intelligence (AI). Law-as-code systems have enabled applications from tax preparation software to smart contracts, but realizing the vision of fully computational law has proven challenging. Law-as-data techniques like natural language processing and machine learning have charted the semantic relationship between courts and illuminated changes in judicial culture. Generative models showcase AI's explosive progress, with impressive feats like passing the U.S. bar example, but they also highlight limitations like factual inaccuracy and interpretability issues. Hybrid approaches integrating computational law, data science, and AI offer a promising research direction. As these tools spread, legal scholars can analyze more legal data than ever before, but they must remain cognizant of challenges like biased or low-quality data and linguistic/cultural limitations. Used judiciously alongside traditional methods, computational analysis has the potential to revolutionize empirical legal studies.
Pemanfaatan Media Online INSTAGRAM Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Literasi Mahasiswa KPI A UINSU Semester 6
Authors: Andika Fadli Nasution  , Arif Syafi’i  , Fatih Ichtisam  , Nabillah Miftahul Jannah  , Nurdini Lady Taminta Br Purba  , Vania Daffa Yusriyah Daulay
Published: May 2024

Literacy quality is an important aspect in developing students' abilities, especially in the current digital era. This research aims to explore the use of the online media Instagram in improving the literacy quality of students of the Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Study Program (KPI) A, North Sumatra State Islamic University (UINSU) in semester 6. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and observations of participants who actively use Instagram in their academic activities. Research findings show that creative and targeted use of Instagram can improve the literacy quality of KPI A UINSU students. Through the available visual and text features, students can expand their knowledge about current issues in the field of Islamic communication and broadcasting, as well as improve their reading, writing and critical thinking skills. Apart from that, collaboration between students and lecturers via Instagram also opens up space for in-depth discussion and reflection, increasing understanding and appreciation of lecture material. The implication of this research is the importance of integrating social media in learning strategies to facilitate the holistic development of student literacy in higher education.
Calais Topographics: A Photo Essay
Authors: Healy Liam
Published: May 2024

The photos in this essay were taken in 2019, three years after the Jungle camp, Calais’ largest improvised refugee camp, had been cleared in 2016 and re-landscaped into an eco-park. The images focus on what I see as the ‘new topographics’ of the Calais landscape, a name borrowed from William Jenkins’ (1974, 1975) influential New Topographics exhibition from 1975 which radicalised the often romantic view of landscape photography to focus on ‘man-altered’ landscapes and infrastructures. In this series of photos, the infrastructures are those that participate in upholding the UK border in France.
МАСС-МЕДИА И ЗАКОН О ПОЛОЖЕНИИ ЖЕНЩИН: ПРАВА VS ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ
Authors: Расмухамедова Фируза , Эргашева Умида , Юсупова Юлдуз , Хамракулова Назокат , Умаров Рихситилла
Published: May 2024

В исследовании осуществлен анализ публикаций масс-медиа, посвященных проблемам гендерного равноправия и домашнего насилия в отношении женщин, а также регламентирующих документов международного и национального уровня в этой области. На конкретных примерах домашнего насилия в отношении женщин проанализированы причины этого явления, в том числе зависимость от родителей и окружения в вопросах заключения брака. Выявлено несоответствие между наличием международных норм и документов, регулирующих права женщин и их защиту от насилия, а также законодательных норм национального уровня в этой области, и использованием этих норм на практике в разных странах, в том числе в регионе Центральной Азии и в Узбекистане. В работе используются аналитические и эмпирические методы научного исследования, в том числе опросный метод.
AKA Writing and Design Guidelines
Authors:   Allyson Kelley and Associates PLLC, Kelley Allyson , Donahue Linda , Milligan Kelley
Published: May 2024

Allyson Kelley & Associates (AKA) created these resources for clients and associates as a guide to ensure accurate, consistent, and successful representation of information, research, data, and stories. This resource includes a writing and review checklist, and sample design standards from Allyson Kelley & Associates PLLC.
Review of Expanding Literacy: Bringing Digital Storytelling into Your Classroom
Authors: Dail Jennifer S.
Published: May 2024

Brett Pierce's recent book Expanding Literacy: Bringing Digital Storytelling into Your Classroom (Heinemann, 2022) provides accessible, research-based instructional strategies and assessment for integrating digital literacy practices in classrooms, while honoring students' existing literacy expertise and creating more equitable classroom spaces.
APLIKASI TEORI PENDER TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL TENTANG ANEMIA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Dedeh Kurniati  , Ambarsari Wulan Novika , Widya Putriastuti
Published: May 2024

Angka kematian ibu (AKI) menjadi salah satu indikator untuk melihat keberhasilan upaya kesehatan Ibu. Angka kematian ibu (AKI) sangat berkaitan erat dengan terjadinya perdarahan saat melahirkan dan salah satu penyebab terjadinya perdarahan adalah anemia. Dari tahun ke tahun anemia menyumbang 9% dengan masalah kecacatan. Pendidikan kesehatan merupakan salah satu upaya preventif yang dapat dilakukan oleh perawat komunitas/masyarakat yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan agar terciptanya perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat sehingga mampu memelihara dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan yang ada dimasyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi teori Pender terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil trimester I dan II tentang anemia pada masa pandemi covid-19 di Puskesmas Cimahi Utara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode pre-eksperimental desain dengan tipe one-group pretest posttest menggunakan uji statistik McNemar dan Marginal Homogenity. Hasil penelitian dengan uji Marginal Homogenity diperoleh hasil nilai p=(0,000) < α (0,05) dan hasil uji McNemar diperoleh hasil nilai p=(0,001) < α (0,05). Berdasarkan hasil analisis maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh aplikasi teori Pender terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu hamil tentang anemia di Puskesmas Cimahi Utara. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi landasan dalam pemberian pendidikan kesehatan khususnya bagi ibu hamil dalam mencegah anemia.
Kata kunci : Anemia, Teori Pender, Pengetahuan Sikap
EDUCATION AS A TOOL FOR EMPOWERING WOMEN FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors:   M.Com. (Gold Medalist), Assistant Professor (Visiting)., Singh Kumari Aarti
Published: May 2024

For every society, education is the basic need. It is a major factor in the development of persons, societies and countries. Education is also developing knowledge, skills, productivity and empowering the less fortunate. Women are the less fortunate human being in the society and supressed as well. That’s why a framework for promoting sustainable development in all dimensions, the UN SDGs set out in 2015 represent a roadmap to achieve some objectives. Quality education is the vital part of it. Education as a means of empowerment of women can bring about a positive attitudinal change (Bhat, 2015). This paper explores the role of education in promoting the sustainable development of women, focusing on challenges and opportunities. This study is based on secondary data collected from books, Government publications and open- source data base. Descriptive and exploratory methodology has been used for this study.
A STUDY ON IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN BUSINESS AUTOMACHINE
Authors:   CMR University, Bangalore, India, Kumar Ravi , Nilaish Dr. Nilaish ,   CMR University, Bangalore, India, V Vinisha ,   CMR University, Bangalore, India, Rajkumar Mr. ,   CMR University, Bangalore, India
Published: May 2024

The implementation of AI technologies in business automation involves leveraging machine learning algorithms and natural language processing to streamline processes, improve efficiency, and make data- driven decisions. It encompasses various applications such as predictive analytics, robotic process automation, chatbots for customer service, and intelligent document processing. This abstract aims to explore the benefits, challenges, and best practices associated with integrating AI into business automation, highlighting its potential to revolutionize workflows and drive competitive advantage in today's digital landscape. Leveraging AI technologies for business automation has ushered in a new era of efficiency and innovation. Through advanced algorithms and deep learning techniques, organizations can automate repetitive tasks, reduce operational costs, and improve scalability. AI-driven automation systems excel in adapting to changing environments, making them invaluable for dynamic industries. By analyzing large datasets and patterns, AI enables businesses to make data-driven decisions swiftly and accurately. Furthermore, integrating AI into business processes fosters agility and empowers employees to focus on high-value tasks, driving overall productivity and competitiveness.
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AFFECTION CUSTOMER BEHAVIOUR
Authors:   CMR University, Bangalore, India, Kumar Ravi , Mohammed Yusuf Mannan ,   CMR University, Bangalore, India, VR Manjunath. ,   CMR University, Bangalore, India, L Prajwal ,   CMR University, Bangalore, India
Published: May 2024

In recent years, social media which can also said as online branding platforms have become indispensable tools for business to get engage with customer and to promote their goods and their services. Through this research we understood that the online branding implications on customer behaviour like purchasing decisions, Brand loyalty, trust on online branding influencers and their intention to try new goods or services. Additionally, this research also shows the role of online branding to make implications ton customer behaviour. Furthermore, it delves into implications on customer behaviour through the reviews, literature, and customer experience. This also shows the how the online branding use strategies like influencer marketing, user generating content, and target advertising, affect customer perceptions, attitude, and purchase decision. In this research the data has been collected through primary data by the help of questionary which showed that how many people uses social media, their intention after using social media, their trust towards social media, their purchase decision, etc. This paper aims to deliver a deeper understanding about the relationship between the customer and online branding marketing, offering valuable insights to enhance their marketing strategies and connect with the audience in digital age.
Retinal metabolism displays evidence for uncoupling of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation via Cori-, Cahill-, and mini-Krebs-cycle
Authors: Chen Yiyi , Zizmare Laimdota , Calbiague Victor , Wang Lan , Yu Shirley , Herberg Fritz W , Schmachtenberg Oliver , Paquet-Durand Francois , Trautwein Christoph
Published: May 2024

The retina consumes massive amounts of energy, yet its metabolism and substrate exploitation remain poorly understood. Here, we used a murine explant model to manipulate retinal energy metabolism under entirely controlled conditions and utilised 1H-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, in situ enzyme detection, and cell viability readouts to uncover the pathways of retinal energy production. Our experimental manipulations resulted in varying degrees of photoreceptor degeneration, while the inner retina and retinal pigment epithelium were essentially unaffected. This selective vulnerability of photoreceptors suggested very specific adaptations in their energy metabolism. Rod photoreceptors were found to rely strongly on oxidative phosphorylation, but only mildly on glycolysis. Conversely, cone photoreceptors were dependent on glycolysis but insensitive to electron transport chain decoupling. Importantly, photoreceptors appeared to uncouple glycolytic and Krebs-cycle metabolism via three different pathways: (1) the mini-Krebs-cycle, fuelled by glutamine and branched chain amino acids, generating N-acetylaspartate; (2) the alanine-generating Cahill-cycle; (3) the lactate-releasing Cori-cycle. Moreover, the metabolomics data indicated a shuttling of taurine and hypotaurine between the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, likely resulting in an additional net transfer of reducing power to photoreceptors. These findings expand our understanding of retinal physiology and pathology and shed new light on neuronal energy homeostasis and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Identification of a Musashi2 translocation as a novel oncogene in myeloid leukemia
Authors: Spinler Kyle , Hamilton Michael , Bajaj Jeevisha , Shima Yutaka , Diaz Emily , Kritzik Marcie , Reya Tannishtha
Published: May 2024

Myeloid leukemias, diseases marked by aggressiveness and poor outcomes, are frequently triggered by oncogenic translocations. In the case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) the BCR-ABL fusion initiates chronic phase disease with second hits allowing progression to blast crisis. Although Gleevec has been transformative for CML, blast crisis CML remains relatively drug resistant. Here we show that MSI2-HOXA9, a translocation with an unknown role in cancer, can serve as a second hit in driving bcCML. Compared to BCR-ABL, BCR-ABL/MSI2-HOXA9 led to a more aggressive disease
in vivo
with decreased latency, increased lethality and a differentiation blockade that is a hallmark of blast crisis. Domain mapping revealed that the MSI2 RNA binding domain RRM1 had a preferential impact on growth and lethality of bcCML relative to RRM2 or the HOXA9 domain. Mechanistically, MSI2-HOXA9 triggered global downstream changes with a preferential upregulation of mitochondrial components. Consistent with this, BCR-ABL/MSI2-HOXA9 cells exhibited a significant increase in mitochondrial respiration. These data suggest that MSI2-HOXA9 acts, at least in part, by increasing expression of the mitochondrial polymerase Polrmt and augmenting mitochondrial function and basal respiration in blast crisis. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that translocations involving the stem and developmental signal MSI2 can be oncogenic, and suggest that MSI, which we found to be a frequent partner for an array of translocations, could also be a driver mutation across solid cancers.
A single-cell atlas of the miracidium larva of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni: cell types, developmental pathways and tissue architecture
Authors: Attenborough Teresa , Rawlinson Kate A. , Soria Carmen L. Diaz , Ambridge Kirsty , Sankaranarayanan Geetha , Graham Jennie , Cotton James A. , Doyle Stephen R. , Rinaldi Gabriel , Berriman Matthew
Published: May 2024

Schistosomes are parasitic flatworms that cause the water-borne disease schistosomiasis, affecting millions of people worldwide. The miracidium larva of schistosomes represents the first post-embryonic stage of development and is critical to transmission. After hatching, a miracidium infects a freshwater snail and transforms into a mother sporocyst, where its stem cells generate daughter sporocysts that give rise to many human-infective cercariae larvae. To understand this important life cycle stage at the cellular and molecular levels, we have used single-cell RNA sequencing,
in situ
hybridisation and image analysis to create a whole-body cell atlas of the miracidium larva of
Schistosoma mansoni
. Our atlas shows that each miracidium is composed of ∼365 cells and 19 transcriptionally distinct cell types. We show that 93% of miracidium cells are somatic (57% neural, 19% muscle, 13% epidermal (tegument), 2% parenchyma, 2% protonephridia), and the remaining 7% are stem cells. Cellular diversity within tissue types is revealed, and is highest in neurons. There are two stem cell populations, and they show different activation and potency states. Trajectory analysis indicates that one stem cell population is the origin of the tegument lineage and the other likely contains pluripotent cells. Furthermore, each of these stem populations is transcriptionally distinct based on sex-linked gene expression in male and female larvae. Through single cell transcriptomics we identified every cell in the whole organism revealing the organisation of the miracidium, and present here the single cell atlas. Because of its simplicity, the miracidium provides a tractable system to understand the development of
Schistosoma mansoni
as it increases in complexity around the life cycle.
Non-autonomous cell redox-pairs dictate niche homeostasis in multi-lineage stem populations
Authors: Majhi Olivia , Chhatre Aishwarya , Chaudhary Tanvi , Sinha Devanjan
Published: May 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), predominantly derived from mitochondrial respiratory complexes, have evolved as key molecules influencing cell fate decisions like maintenance and differentiation. These redox-dependent events are mainly considered to be cell intrinsic in nature, on contrary our observations indicate involvement of these oxygen-derived entities as intercellular communicating agents. In multi-lineage
Drosophila
germline, neighbouring Germline Stem Cells (GSCs) and Cystic Stem Cells (CySCs) maintain differential redox thresholds where CySCs by virtue of their higher redox-state regulate physiological ROS levels of germline. Disruption of the intercellular redox equilibrium between the two adjoining stem cell populations results in deregulated niche architecture and loss of GSCs, which was mainly attributed to loss of contact-based receptions and uncontrolled CySC proliferation due to ROS-mediated activation of self-renewing signals. Our observations hint towards the crucial role of intercellular redox gradients originating from somatic progenitors, CySCs in niche stability where they function not only as a source of their own maintenance cues but also serve as non-autonomous redox moderators of germline immortality. Our findings underscore the complexity of niche homeostasis and predicate the importance of intercellular redox communication in understanding stem cell microenvironments.
Dynamic chromatin architecture identifies new autoimmune-associated enhancers for IL2 and novel genes regulating CD4+ T cell activation
Authors: Pahl Matthew C , Sharma Prabhat , Thomas Rajan M , Thompson Zachary , Mount Zachary , Pippin James A , Morawski Peter A , Sun Peng , Su Chun , Campbell Daniel , Grant Struan FA , Wells Andrew D
Published: May 2024

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genetic signals associated with autoimmune disease. The majority of these signals are located in non-coding regions and likely impact cis-regulatory elements (cRE). Because cRE function is dynamic across cell types and states, profiling the epigenetic status of cRE across physiological processes is necessary to characterize the molecular mechanisms by which autoimmune variants contribute to disease risk. We localized risk variants from 15 autoimmune GWAS to cRE active during TCR-CD28 co-stimulation of naïve human CD4+ T cells. To characterize how dynamic changes in gene expression correlate with cRE activity, we measured transcript levels, chromatin accessibility, and promoter–cRE contacts across three phases of naive CD4+ T cell activation using RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and HiC. We identified ~1200 protein-coding genes physically connected to accessible disease-associated variants at 423 GWAS signals, at least one-third of which are dynamically regulated by activation. From these maps, we functionally validated a novel stretch of evolutionarily conserved intergenic enhancers whose activity is required for activation-induced IL2 gene expression in human and mouse, and is influenced by autoimmune-associated genetic variation. The set of genes implicated by this approach are enriched for genes controlling CD4+ T cell function and genes involved in human inborn errors of immunity, and we pharmacologically validated eight implicated genes as novel regulators of T cell activation. These studies directly show how autoimmune variants and the genes they regulate influence processes involved in CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation.
Inhibition of ULK1/2 and KRASG12C controls tumor growth in preclinical models of lung cancer
Authors: Ghazi Phaedra C. , O’Toole Kayla T. , Srinivas Boggaram Sanjana , Scherzer Michael T. , Silvis Mark R. , Zhang Yun , Bogdan Madhumita , Smith Bryan D. , Lozano Guillermina , Flynn Daniel L. , Snyder Eric L. , Kinsey Conan G. , McMahon Martin
Published: May 2024

Mutational activation of
KRAS
occurs commonly in lung carcinogenesis and, with the recent FDA approval of covalent inhibitors of KRAS
G12C
such as sotorasib or adagrasib, KRAS oncoproteins are important pharmacological targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, not all KRAS
G12C
-driven NSCLCs respond to these inhibitors, and the emergence of drug resistance in those patients that do respond can be rapid and pleiotropic. Hence, based on a backbone of covalent inhibition of KRAS
G12C
, efforts are underway to develop effective combination therapies. Here we report that inhibition of KRAS
G12C
signaling increases autophagy in KRAS
G12C
expressing lung cancer cells. Moreover, the combination of DCC-3116, a selective ULK1/2 inhibitor, plus sotorasib displays cooperative/synergistic suppression of human KRAS
G12C
-driven lung cancer cell proliferation
in vitro
and superior tumor control
in vivo
. Additionally, in genetically engineered mouse models of KRAS
G12C
-driven NSCLC, inhibition of either KRAS
G12C
or ULK1/2 decreases tumor burden and increases mouse survival. Consequently, these data suggest that ULK1/2-mediated autophagy is a pharmacologically actionable cytoprotective stress response to inhibition of KRAS
G12C
in lung cancer.
Detecting Parkinson’s disease from shoe-mounted accelerometer sensors using convolutional neural networks optimized with modified metaheuristics
Authors: Jovanovic Luka , Damaševičius Robertas , Matic Rade , Kabiljo Milos , Simic Vladimir , Kunjadic Goran , Antonijevic Milos , Zivkovic Miodrag , Bacanin Nebojsa
Published: May 2024

Neurodegenerative conditions significantly impact patient quality of life. Many conditions do not have a cure, but with appropriate and timely treatment the advance of the disease could be diminished. However, many patients only seek a diagnosis once the condition progresses to a point at which the quality of life is significantly impacted. Effective non-invasive and readily accessible methods for early diagnosis can considerably enhance the quality of life of patients affected by neurodegenerative conditions. This work explores the potential of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for patient gain freezing associated with Parkinson’s disease. Sensor data collected from wearable gyroscopes located at the sole of the patient’s shoe record walking patterns. These patterns are further analyzed using convolutional networks to accurately detect abnormal walking patterns. The suggested method is assessed on a public real-world dataset collected from parents affected by Parkinson’s as well as individuals from a control group. To improve the accuracy of the classification, an altered variant of the recent crayfish optimization algorithm is introduced and compared to contemporary optimization metaheuristics. Our findings reveal that the modified algorithm (MSCHO) significantly outperforms other methods in accuracy, demonstrated by low error rates and high Cohen’s Kappa, precision, sensitivity, and F1-measures across three datasets. These results suggest the potential of CNNs, combined with advanced optimization techniques, for early, non-invasive diagnosis of neurodegenerative conditions, offering a path to improve patient quality of life.
Salivary interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with celiac disease and periodontitis
Authors: Madi Marwa , Abdelsalam Maha , Elakel Ahmed , Zakaria Osama , AlGhamdi Maher , Alqahtani Mohammed , AlMuhaish Luba , Farooqi Faraz , Alamri Turki A. , Alhafid Ibrahim A. , Alzahrani Ibrahim M. , Alam Adel H. , Alhashmi Majed T. , Alasseri Ibrahim A. , AlQuorain Ahmad A. , AlQuorain Abdulaziz A.
Published: May 2024

Background

An increased level of interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 in the serum and intestinal mucosa of celiac disease patients reflecting the severity of villous atrophy and inflammation was documented. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of salivary-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 in patients with celiac disease who are on a gluten-free diet, both with and without periodontitis, and to compare these levels with those in healthy individuals.

Methods

The study involved 23 participants with serologically confirmed celiac disease (CD) and 23 control subjects. The CD patients had been following a gluten-free diet (GFD) for a minimum of 1 year and had no other autoimmune disorders. The research involved collecting demographic data, conducting periodontal examinations, gathering unstimulated whole saliva, and performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure salivary interleukin-17A, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-18 levels. Spearman’s correlation analysis was utilized to explore the relationships between CD markers in patients on a GFD and their periodontal clinical findings.

Results

The periodontal findings indicated significantly lower values in celiac disease patients adhering to a gluten-free diet compared to control subjects (p = 0.001). No significant differences were found in salivary IL-17A, IL-18, and IL-1B levels between celiac disease patients and control subjects. Nevertheless, the levels of all interleukins were elevated in periodontitis patients in both the celiac and control groups. The IL-1 Beta level was significantly higher in periodontitis patients compared to non-periodontitis patients in the control group (p = 0.035). Significant negative correlations were observed between serum IgA levels and plaque index (r = −0.460, p = 0.010), as well as gingival index (r = −0.396, p = 0.030) in CD patients on a gluten-free diet.

Conclusion

Celiac disease patients on gluten-free diet exhibited better periodontal health compared to control subjects. However, increased levels of salivary IL-17A, IL-18 and IL-1B levels were associated with periodontitis. Additionally, serum IgA level was significantly inversely associated with periodontitis clinical manifestations and with salivary inflammatory mediators in CD patients on GFD.
Soporte pedagógico, una forma de aumentar el bienestar en la institución escolar
Authors:   , Astete Núñez Juan
Published: May 2024

El soporte y acompañamiento pedagógico desempeñan un papel fundamental en toda organización escolar y en la percepción que los docentes tienen de su labor. Un enfoque centrado en el bienestar docente puede aumentar la motivación de los profesores, mejorar su relación con sus colegas y superiores y, en última instancia, mejorar su desempeño laboral. Este estudio se centrará en un centro educativo donde se investigarán las necesidades de los docentes y su nivel de satisfacción laboral, esto con motivo de gestionar un plan de mejora escolar, el enfoque metodológico a implementar será de tipo cualitativo, analizando encuestas sobre percepciones de los docentes sobre el apoyo recibido por coordinación en una etapa inicial y final del proyecto. En consonancia con lo anteriormente mencionado, se propone implementar un plan de soporte pedagógico que pueda recoger las necesidades que manifiesten los docentes de la institución, para en último término, generar un mejor espacio de trabajo que pueda dar respuesta a las necesidades de los implicados. Se espera que los resultados obtenidos en este estudio revelen la importancia del soporte y acompañamiento pedagógico en la mejora del bienestar y desempeño laboral de los docentes en cualquier organización escolar.
El Principio Cooperativo de Grice en la subtitulación al español latino de las miniseries Conversaciones con asesinos
Authors:   , Urbina Droguett Francisca
Published: May 2024

El presente estudio se apoya en una base pragmática para realizar un análisis de la trilogía de miniseriesdocumentales Conversaciones con asesinos. El estudio se centró en examinar la presencia del PrincipioCooperativo (PC) de Grice en los guiones originales de las series, evaluando la correspondencia existentecon sus subtitulaciones al español latino y buscando evaluar si las discrepancias existentes son atribuiblesa las limitaciones espaciales de las guías de estilo de Netflix. El análisis fue aplicado a la totalidad de losepisodios de las tres series, poniendo énfasis en aquellos extractos que exhiben grabaciones deconversaciones reales mantenidas entre los asesinos y diversos profesionales, marcando las instancias deAdherencia y Aversión a las categorías del PC. Los extractos se recopilaron de forma manual y seclasificaron en tres grupos, lo que permitió la comparación de las traducciones de las tres series. Losresultados demostraron que la subtitulación refleja predominantemente la correspondencia con el PC delguion original. Sin embargo, en algunos casos, se propuso una nueva traducción con el fin de ilustrar conmayor precisión lo expuesto en el idioma original, ya que se determinó que la subtitulación no deberíamodificar el nivel de cooperación real entregado por los asesinos, con el fin de evitar ser perjudiciales parala percepción del público. De este modo, al sugerir soluciones a través de nuevas traducciones, estainvestigación se justifica en la preservación de la intención comunicativa original y la coherencia con el PCde Grice. Finalmente, la contribución de este estudio reside en proporcionar visiones valiosas para larepresentatividad del PC en la traducción de este tipo de material audiovisual, como también la preservaciónde la autenticidad comunicativa.
Targeted Exon Sequencing by In‐Solution Hybrid Selection
Authors: Blumenstiel Brendan , Cibulskis Kristian , Fisher Sheila , DeFelice Matthew , Barry Andrew , Fennell Tim , Abreu Justin , Minie Brian , Costello Maura , Young Geneva , Maquire Jared , Kernytsky Andrew , Melnikov Alexandre , Rogov Peter , Gnirke Andreas , Gabriel Stacey
Published: June 2010

This unit describes a protocol for the targeted enrichment of exons from randomly sheared genomic DNA libraries using an in‐solution hybrid selection approach for sequencing on an Illumina Genome Analyzer II. The steps for designing and ordering a hybrid selection oligo pool are reviewed, as are critical steps for performing the preparation and hybrid selection of an Illumina paired‐end library. Critical parameters, performance metrics, and analysis workflow are discussed. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 66:18.4.1‐18.4.24 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Calcium Carbide
Authors: Cameron William
Published: June 2010

Chemically pure calcium carbide is a colorless solid. The pure material can be prepared only by special techniques. China is the world's largest producer of calcium carbide. Calcium carbide is produced commercially by the reaction of quicklime and a reducing agents such as coke in an electric furnace. The exothermic reaction of calcium carbide and water produces acetylene, which is the most important use of calcium carbide. Among the many uses of acetylene are as a cylinder gas for metal fabrication and construction, as an intermediate in the production of cosmetics, tabletted drugs, and antiseptics, and as a feedstock in the preparation of vinyl chloride, and polyurethane fibers. Calcium carbide is also used as a desulfurizing agent in steel making and for the manufacture of calcium cyanamide. Calcium carbide is considered a hazardous chemical under the U.S. Department of Transportation regulations.
Flavoring Materials
Authors: Fischetti Frank
Published: June 2010

Flavor is viewed as a division between physical sense, ie, appearance, texture, and consistency and chemical sense, ie, taste, smell, and feeling. Flavors do several things in food systems. Foremost among these functions is to render food more acceptable and enjoyable. Flavor, nutritive value, mouthfeel, and appearance are the four features of food acceptance. The roles that taste and odor of flavorings are discussed. Flavors are divided into two main categories: natural and artificial. Natural materials include, eg, essential oils, spices, fruit, fruit juices, animal and vegetable extracts. Artificial flavors include aliphatic, aromatic, and terpene compounds that are made as opposed to being isolated from natural resources. These two categories are detailed as well as compounding and flavor formulations. Storage conditions could negatively affect flavoring materials. Flavor materials must be taste‐tested in the food itself. Safety is important in the manufacture of flavors and regulations regarding flavoring materials are discussed The incidence of allergy attributed to food flavor is low.
Ketenes, Ketene Dimers, and Related Substances
Authors: Taeschler Christoph
Published: June 2010

The parent ketene [463‐51‐4] and its dimer diketene [674‐82‐8] are of significant industrial importance, serving as starting material for many intermediates used mainly for the production of pigments, drugs and agrochemicals and intermediates for the paper industry. The most important intermediates consist of acetic anhydride, acetoacetic esters, amides and anilides. The use of ketene for the production of acetic anhydride has often been used for “recycling” acetic acid. Acetoacetic esters or diketene are utilized for the production of various heterocyclic intermediates. Long chain (C12 ‐ C20) Alkyl derivatives have been used as paper sizing agents.

Ketenes typically possess a high reactivity, reacting readily with nucleophiles or undergoing [2+2] cycloadditions with double bonds as well as single bond insertions with polarized single bonds. The high reactivity is responsible for the limited stability under normal conditions; hence many ketenes exist merely as transient species. Diketene and its derivatives react with electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents, providing a broad spectrum of possibilities for possible products.
Molecular Imprinting
Authors: Spivak David
Published: June 2010

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are analytical materials that have widespread use for applications in the biomedical, analytical, chemical and biological sciences. Molecular imprinting is a process where a polymer, or other material, is formed around a template molecule. In this way, MIPs are tailored for specific recognition of the template molecule or related analogs and provide molecular recognition functions similar to antibodies and enzymes. Advantages of molecularly imprinted materials lie in the durability, relatively inexpensive cost, and ease of formation of network peptide polymers. This is in contrast to the problems of biomolecules that are unstable, generally expensive and often difficult and time consuming to obtain (usually from animal sources). Furthermore, the imprinted polymers are formed as network polymer solids that are predisposed for application as solid supports for HPLC, GC, sensors, and membranes. The robustness of the solid also affords stability in organic solvents, under harsh conditions such as heat or pressure, and gives MIPs a shelf life of many years. While the basic concepts of molecular imprinting are easy to understand, there are many important details that give further insight to obtaining the best performance in MIPs. This review covers many of these details and provides examples for greater insight into the method of molecular imprinting.
Antitumor effect of plant lectins
Authors: Abdullaev Fikrat I. , Gonzalez de Mejia Elvira
Published: June 2010

This review examines the literature data concerning the biological activity of plant lectins. Numerous studies have reported that these substances possess toxic, cytotoxic, antitumor, and anticarcinogenic properties. A brief description of the biological properties of plant lectins, as well as the effect of plant lectins on normal and malignant cells and the antitumor properties of these lectins in vivo and in vitro, are included. These findings are interpreted and possible mechanisms of the antitumor effect of plant lectins are discussed. Nat. Toxins 5:157–163, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aflatoxin exposure is higher in vegetarians than nonvegetarians in Thailand
Authors: Vinitketkumnuen Usanee , Chewonarin Teera , Kongtawelert Prachya , Lertjanyarak Apichai , Peerakhom Supatra , Wild Christopher P.
Published: June 2010

Aflatoxin‐albumin (AFB‐albumin) adducts and hepatitis B markers (anti‐HBs, and anti‐HBc) were measured in vegetarians and nonvegetarians from Chiang Mai, Thailand. The AFB‐albumin adduct levels were detected in 62% (37 of 60) of the vegetarian samples and 22% (22 of 100) of nonvegetarians. Somewhat higher levels were detected in vegetarians sera collected in the summer than in the winter, although this difference was not statistically significant. Subjects who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive had slightly higher AFB‐albumin adduct levels than subjects who had evidence of past exposure (anti‐HBc‐positive) or no HB virus infection. This study indicated that vegetarians may have a higher frequency of aflatoxin exposure than nonvegetarians. Thai vegetarians consume various vegetables, grains, peanut, soybean, and fermented products, which have been reported to be sources of aflatoxin. Nat. Toxins 5:168–171, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic separation of microcystins derivatized with a highly fluorescent dienophile
Authors: Harada Ken‐ichi , Oshikata Motoji , Shimada Takayuki , Nagata Akiko , Ishikawa Nami , Suzuki Makoto , Kondo Fumio , Shimizu Masato , Yamada Sachiko
Published: June 2010

Microcystins are potent hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria, and are also tumor promoters as well as potent inhibitors of the catalytic subunits of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. In order to establish a physicochemical method for individual detection and determination of trace amounts of microcystins, we developed a derivatization method for fluorescence (FL) and chemiluminescence (CL) detection, in which a highly fluorescent dienophile, DMEQ‐TAD (4‐[2‐(6,7‐dimethoxy‐4‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydroquinoxalinyl) ethyl]‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione), was used as the labeling reagent. DMEQ‐TAD reacted smoothly with the conjugated diene of the Adda moiety to give 2 stereoisomers of the adducts. As a result of the extensive experiments, the following reaction conditions were optimized for the labeling: sample amount, 10 μg; reaction solvent, DMF:acetonitrile (1:1); reaction time, 15 minutes; reaction temperature, 70°C; amount of DMEQ‐TAD used relative to that of microcystin, 80 equivalent. The resulting 6 adducts from microcystins‐LR, ‐YR, and ‐RR can be separated from one another using the following reversed phase HPLC conditions in combination with a clean‐up using ODS silica gel: column, Cosmosil 5C18‐AR (150 × 4.6 I.D. mm); mobile phase, methanol:0.05M phosphate buffer (pH 3) (1:1); flow rate, 1.0 ml/min; detection, FL λex 370 nm, λem 440 nm. The detection limits of the DMEQ‐TAD derivatives were estimated to be 100 and 500 pg for LR, and 65 and 2,500 pg for RR using FL and CL detections, respectively; and the detection behavior was different from that of the Dns‐Cys derivatives, which were more sensitive to CL than FL. Nat. Toxins 5:201–207, 1997. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation provisional criteria for the evaluation of response to therapy in juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Ruperto Nicolino , Pistorio Angela , Ravelli Angelo , Rider Lisa G. , Pilkington Clarissa , Oliveira Sheila , Wulffraat Nico , Espada Graciela , Garay Stella , Cuttica Ruben , Hofer Michael , Quartier Pierre , Melo‐Gomes Jose , Reed Ann M. , Wierzbowska Malgorzata , Feldman Brian M. , Harjacek Miroslav , Huppertz Hans‐Iko , Nielsen Susan , Flato Berit , Lahdenne Pekka , Michels Harmut , Murray Kevin J. , Punaro Lynn , Rennebohm Robert , Russo Ricardo , Balogh Zsolt , Rooney Madeleine , Pachman Lauren M. , Wallace Carol , Hashkes Philip , Lovell Daniel J. , Giannini Edward H. , Gare Boel Andersson , Martini Alberto
Published: June 2010

Objective

To develop a provisional definition for the evaluation of response to therapy in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) based on the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation juvenile DM core set of variables.

Methods

Thirty‐seven experienced pediatric rheumatologists from 27 countries achieved consensus on 128 difficult patient profiles as clinically improved or not improved using a stepwise approach (patient's rating, statistical analysis, definition selection). Using the physicians' consensus ratings as the “gold standard measure,” chi‐square, sensitivity, specificity, false‐positive and‐negative rates, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and kappa agreement for candidate definitions of improvement were calculated. Definitions with kappa values >0.8 were multiplied by the face validity score to select the top definitions.

Results

The top definition of improvement was at least 20% improvement from baseline in 3 of 6 core set variables with no more than 1 of the remaining worsening by more than 30%, which cannot be muscle strength. The second‐highest scoring definition was at least 20% improvement from baseline in 3 of 6 core set variables with no more than 2 of the remaining worsening by more than 25%, which cannot be muscle strength (definition P1 selected by the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies group). The third is similar to the second with the maximum amount of worsening set to 30%. This indicates convergent validity of the process.

Conclusion

We propose a provisional data‐driven definition of improvement that reflects well the consensus rating of experienced clinicians, which incorporates clinically meaningful change in core set variables in a composite end point for the evaluation of global response to therapy in juvenile DM.