bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Short Chain Fatty Acids in the AppNL–G–F Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Golovko Svetlana , Golovko Mikhail Y. , Singh Surjeet , Darland Diane C. , Combs Colin K.
Published: July 2022

Background: The intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been implicated in immune function, host metabolism, and even behavior. Objective: This study was performed to investigate whether probiotic administration influences levels of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in a fashion that may attenuate brain changes in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were compared to AppNL–G–F mice. The animals were treated with either vehicle or probiotic (VSL#3) for 8 weeks. Fecal microbiome analysis along with Aβ, GFAP, Iba-1, c-Fos, and Ki-67 immunohisto-chemistry was done. SCFAs were analyzed in serum and brains using UPLC-MS/MS. Results: Probiotic (VSL#3) supplementation for 2 months resulted in altered microbiota in both WT and AppNL–G–F mice. An increase in serum SCFAs acetate, butyrate, and lactate were found in both genotypes following VSL#3 treatment. Propionate and isobutyrate were only increased in AppNL–G–F mice. Surprisingly, VSL#3 only increased lactate and acetate in brains of AppNL–G–F mice. No significant differences were observed between vehicle and VSL#3 fed AppNL–G–F hippocampal immunoreactivities of Aβ, GFAP, Iba-1, and Ki-67. However, hippocampal c-Fos staining increased in VSL#3 fed AppNL–G–F mice. Conclusion: These data demonstrate intestinal dysbiosis in the AppNL–G–F mouse model of AD. Probiotic VSL#3 feeding altered both serum and brain levels of lactate and acetate in AppNL–G–F mice correlating with increased expression of the neuronal activity marker, c-Fos.
High Salt Elicits Brain Inflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction, Accompanied by Alternations in the Gut Microbiota and Decreased SCFA Production
Authors: Hu Li , Zhu Shaoping , Peng Xiaoping , Li Kanglan , Peng Wanjuan , Zhong Yu , Kang Chenyao , Cao Xingxing , Liu Zhou , Zhao Bin
Published: July 2022

Background: Excessive salt intake is considered as an important risk factor for cognitive impairment, which might be the consequence of imbalanced intestinal homeostasis. Objective: To investigate the effects of dietary salt on the gut microbiota and cognitive performance and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Adult female C57BL/6 mice were maintained on either normal chow (control group, CON) or sodium-rich chow containing 8% NaCl (high-salt diet, HSD) for 8 weeks. Spatial learning and memory ability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations, gut bacterial flora composition, blood-brain barrier permeability, and proinflammatory cytokine levels and apoptosis in the brain were evaluated. Results: The mice fed a HSD for 8 weeks displayed impaired learning and memory abilities. HSD significantly reduced the proportions of Bacteroidetes (S24-7 and Alloprevotella) and Proteobacteria and increased that of Firmicutes (Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae). SCFA concentrations decreased in the absolute concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the fecal samples from the HSD-fed mice. The HSD induced both BBB dysfunction and microglial activation in the mouse brain, and increased the IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression levels in the cortex. More importantly, the degree of apoptosis was higher in the cortex and hippocampus region of mice fed the HSD, and this effect was accompanied by significantly higher expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3, and caspase-1. Conclusion: The HSD directly causes cognitive dysfunction in mice by eliciting an inflammatory environment and triggering apoptosis in the brain, and these effects are accompanied by gut dysbiosis, particularly reduced SCFA production.
Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Perspectives
Authors: Li Yanli , Wang Rui , Li Qian , Wang Yan-Jiang , Guo Junhong
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function. Amyloid-β protein accumulation is believed to be the key pathological hallmark of AD. Increasing evidence has shown that the gut microbiota has a role in brain function and host behaviors. The gut microbiota regulates the bidirectional interactions between the gut and brain through neural, endocrine, and immune pathways. With increasing age, the gut microbiota diversity decreases, and the dominant bacteria change, which is closely related to systemic inflammation and health status. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is related to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impacts of the gut microbiota on brain function and the development of AD. It is a feasible target for therapeutic invention. Modulating the composition of the gut microbiota through diet, physical activity or probiotic/prebiotic supplements can provide new prevention and treatment options for AD.
Influence of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis on Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Escobar Yael-Natalie H. , O’Piela Devin , Wold Loren E. , Mackos Amy R.
Published: July 2022

The gut microbiota is made up of trillions of microbial cells including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbial bodies and is greatly involved in the maintenance of proper health of the host body. In particular, the gut microbiota has been shown to not only be involved in brain development but also in the modulation of behavior, neuropsychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. The precise mechanism by which the gut microbiota can affect the development of Alzheimer’s disease is unknown, but the gut microbiota is thought to communicate with the brain directly via the vagus nerve or indirectly through signaling molecules such as cytokines, neuroendocrine hormones, bacterial components, neuroactive molecules, or microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. In particular, interventions such as probiotic supplementation, fecal microbiota transfer, and supplementation with microbial metabolites have been used not only to study the effects that the gut microbiota has on behavior and cognitive function, but also as potential therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease. A few of these interventions, such as probiotics, are promising candidates for the improvement of cognition in Alzheimer ’s disease and are the focus of this review.
Relationship Between Plasma Lipopolysaccharides, Gut Microbiota, and Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Saji Naoki , Saito Yoshihiro , Yamashita Tomoya , Murotani Kenta , Tsuduki Tsuyoshi , Hisada Takayoshi , Sugimoto Taiki , Niida Shumpei , Toba Kenji , Sakurai Takashi
Published: July 2022

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated associations between gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and cognitive decline. However, relationships between these factors and lipopolysaccharides (LPS; molecules of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria) remain controversial. Objective: To evaluate associations between plasma LPS, gut microbiota, and cognitive function. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional sub-analysis of data of 127 participants (women: 58%, mean age: 76 years) from our prospective cohort study regarding the relationship between gut microbiota and cognitive function. We enrolled patients who visited our memory clinic and assessed demographics, dementia-related risk factors, cognitive function, brain imaging, gut microbiomes, and microbial metabolites. We evaluated relationships between cognitive decline and plasma LPS using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Plasma LPS concentration increased with increasing degree of cognitive decline and total cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) score (Kruskal-Wallis test; p = 0.016 and 0.007, respectively). Participants with high plasma LPS concentrations tended to have lower concentrations of gut microbial metabolites, such as lactic acid and acetic acid, and were less likely to consume fish and shellfish (44.7% versus 69.6%, p = 0.027) than those with low plasma LPS concentrations. Multivariable analyses revealed that plasma LPS concentration was independently associated with the presence of mild cognitive impairment in participants without dementia (odds ratio: 2.09, 95% confidence interval: 1.14–3.84, p = 0.007). Conclusion: In this preliminary study, plasma LPS concentration was associated with both cognitive decline and cerebral SVD and significantly correlated with beneficial gut microbial metabolites. Plasma LPS may be a risk factor for cognitive decline.
Oral Infections and Cytokine Levels in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Compared with Controls
Authors: Ferrari Cestari José Augusto , Campos Fabri Gisele Maria , Kalil Jorge , Nitrini Ricardo , Jacob-Filho Wilson , De Siqueira José Tadeu Tesseroli , Siqueira Silvia Regina D.T.
Published: July 2022

Background: Oral infections are prevalent in the adult population. Their impact includes the implication as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), altering its progression. One of the potential mechanisms involves immune mediators such as circulating cytokines. Objective: The goal of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of oral infections and blood levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and controls. Methods: Sixty-five elderly were evaluated (25 AD, 19 MCI, and 21 controls) by the following methods: Mini Mental State Exam, Questionnaire of Functional Activities, periodontal and oral evaluation, and blood concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. Results: Patients with AD had high serum IL-6 levels (p = 0.029), and patients with periodontitis had high serum TNF-α levels (p = 0.005). There was an association between IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with AD/MCI and periodontitis (p = 0.023). Conclusion: The increased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in this study suggests their implication in the overlapping mechanisms between oral infections and AD. Longitudinal studies are necessary for further investigation.
Clinical and Bacterial Markers of Periodontitis and Their Association with Incident All-Cause and Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia in a Large National Survey
Authors: Beydoun May A. , Beydoun Hind A. , Hossain Sharmin , El-Hajj Ziad W. , Weiss Jordan , Zonderman Alan B.
Published: July 2022

Microbial agents including periodontal pathogens have recently appeared as important actors in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. We examined associations of clinical periodontal and bacterial parameters with incident all-cause and AD dementia as well as AD mortality among US middle-aged and older adults. Clinical [Attachment Loss (AL); probing pocket depth (PPD)] and bacterial [pathogen immunoglobulin G (IgG)] periodontal markers were investigated in relation to AD and all-cause dementia incidence and to AD mortality, using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III, 1988–1994) linked longitudinally with National Death Index and Medicare data through January 1, 2014, with up to 26 years of follow-up. Sex- and age-specific multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were conducted. Among those ≥65 years, AD incidence and mortality were consistently associated with PPD, two factors and one cluster comprised of IgG titers against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Prevotella melaninogenica (P. melaninogenica) and Campylobacter rectus (C. rectus) among others. Specifically, AD incidence was linked to a composite of C. rectus and P. gingivalis titers (per SD, aHR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04–1.43, p = 0.012), while AD mortality risk was increased with another composite (per SD, aHR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.09–1.96, p = 0.017) loading highly on IgG for P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, C. rectus, Streptococcus intermedius, Capnocylophaga Ochracea, and P. melaninogenica. This study provides evidence for an association between periodontal pathogens and AD, which was stronger for older adults. Effectiveness of periodontal pathogen treatment on reducing sequelae of neurodegeneration should be tested in randomized controlled trials.
Adaptive rubber-banding system of dynamic difficulty adjustment in racing games
Authors: Mi Qingwei , Gao Tianhan
Published: July 2022

Dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) is a highly significant research direction in game AI. Rubber-banding is one of the DDA techniques extensively used in racing games. This paper improves the poor adaptability of the rubber-banding system combined with the game design and development techniques. An Adaptive Rubber-Banding System (ARBS) based on ARBS relationship curve, modular mechanism, as well as detail processing schemes, is implemented in Unreal Engine 4. The paper builds various test programs and compares each system in terms of the number of players, gameplay mode, and track distance. Experimental results demonstrate that ARBS is more adaptive and provides a better experience for players. Game designers and developers are thus able to employ ARBS to design and implement AI systems suitable for racing games effectively.
Topology optimization of DC-biased pot-type reactor using design sensitivity in steady state of electromagnetic field with magnetic nonlinearity
Authors: Okamoto Yoshifumi
Published: July 2022

Because reactors applied to electric vehicles are typically driven under a DC-biased current, a constant inductance property is required. When a high-performance DC-biased reactor is designed, the topology optimization (TO) is an effective design method owing to the high degree of structural change in the magnetic circuit. However, there exists no report regarding the TO method in the steady-state time domain with magnetic nonlinearity. In this paper, based on the time-domain adjoint variable method, a novel sensitivity analysis approach for the steady-state time domain with thorough consideration of the magnetic saturation is proposed. Through the proposed method, the TO of the iron core and winding structures in a pot-type reactor was carried out to enhance the DC-biased characteristics. Furthermore, the eddy current loss occurring on the aluminum plate installed outside the reactor was suppressed by the multi-objective TO. The interesting structure of a pot-type reactor that enhanced the DC-biased characteristics and reduced the eddy current loss on the outer conductor plate was also illustrated.
Qualitative evaluation of 3D printed materials’ structure using active infrared thermography and signal analysis based on LSTM neural networks
Authors: Szymanik Barbara , Psuj Grzegorz , Łopato Przemysław
Published: July 2022

In this article we present an approach to the quantitative evaluation of the 3D printed sample made of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) using the active infrared thermography (AIT) method with halogen lamps excitation. For this purpose, numerical and experimental studies were carried out. The numerical model solved with finite element method (FEM) was used first to create a database of signals and further to train neural networks. The networks were trained to detect the heterogeneity of the internal structure of the tested printed sample and to estimate the defects position. After training, the performance of the network was validated with the data obtained in the experiment carried out with the active thermography regime on a real 3D print identical to the modelled one.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯ БАГАТОШАРОВОЇ СУЦІЛЬНОЇ СФЕРИЧНОЇ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ
Authors: Tatsiy R. M. , Lyn A. S. , Pazen O. Y. , Berezhanskyi T. H.
Published: July 2022

Мета роботи. Метою роботи є дослідження процесу охолодження сферичної конструкції «куля всередині багатошарової сферичної оболонки».Методи дослідження. У роботі використано ідею граничного переходу, яка реалізується через постановку допоміжної задачі про визначення розподілу нестаціонарного температурного поля у багатошаровій порожнистій сферичній конструкції з «вилученою» кулею достатньо малого радіуса. Умова симетрії замінюється на нульову крайову умову другого роду. Реалізація розв’язку допоміжної задачі проводиться шляхом застосування методу редукції із використанням концепції квазіпохідних із застосуванням модифікованого методу власних функцій. Для знаходження остаточного розв’язку задачі вихідної задачі радіус вилученої кулі спрямовується до нуля.Результати. Запропонована робота присвячена застосуванню прямого методу до дослідження процесів охолодження в системі сферичних тіл – «куля всередині багатошарової оболонки». Припускається що між шарами існує ідеальний тепловий контакт. У початковий момент часу зовнішня поверхня такої системи охолоджується до деякої постійної температури, яка є сталою протягом всього процесі охолодження. Охолодження проходить рівномірно, так що ізотерми всередині цієї конструкції являють собою концентричні сфери, тобто задача є симетричною і в такій постановці розв’язана вперше. Для розв’язування такої задачі паралельно ставиться допоміжна задача про визначення розподілу нестаціонарного температурного поля у багатошаровій порожнистій сферичній конструкції з «вилученою» кулею достатньо малого радіуса. При цьому умова симетрії вихідної задачі замінюється умовою другого роду на внутрішній поверхні цієї конструкції.Для знаходження розв’язку вихідної задачі використано ідею граничного переходу шляхом прямування радіуса вилученої кулі до нуля. Встановлено, що при такому підході всі власні функції відповідної задачі на власні значення не мають особливостей в нулі, а це означає, що й розв’язки вихідної задачі є обмеженими у всій конструкції. Для ілюстрації запропонованого методу розв’язано модельний приклад про знаходження розподілу температурного поля у кулі в тришаровій оболонці з різними теплофізичними характеристиками матеріалів. Результати обчислень графіка зміни температури залежно від часу та просторової координати.Зауважимо, що при цьому заміна крайової умови першого роду на будь яку іншу крайову умову (наприклад, третього роду) не впливає на схему розв’язування аналогічно поставлених задач.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN CLOUD ACCOUNTING TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN PT. X (PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI)
Authors: Nursyamsu Uus , Munandar Agus
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK Memasuki era digital 4.0 di mana semua bidang telah menggunakan teknologi canggih tak terkecuali sektor properti dan juga sektor-sektor lainnya. Keakuratan laporan keuangan tentunya juga harus meningkat dengan adanya teknologi yang terus berkembang. Keakuratan juga mempengaruhi kualitas daripada laporan keuangan yang pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi pula perusahaan dalam mengambil keputusan. Pada perusahaan properti seringkali dihadapkan pada ketidakakuratan informasi di laporan keuangan sehingga pimpinan seringkali terlambat dalam menentukan kebijakan. Dalam penelitian ini ada dua permasalahan yaitu keterlambatan pembuatan laporan keuangan karena menunggu data dari proyek-proyek untuk dibuku di kantor pusat dan juga keterlambatan pencatatan penerimaan piutang karena customer hampir semua membayar melalui mesin ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) atau pun online banking. Guna mengatasi masalah tersebut dibutuhkan manajemen laporan keuangan yang cepat dan tepat. Cloud accounting merupakan sebuah database untuk menyimpan data akuntansi secara on line. Melalui cloud accounting data-data transaksi akuntansi akan dapat dientri kapan saja dan tersimpan dengan baik. Laporan keuangan pun nantinya akan keluar dengan cepat dan akurat. Penulis mengharapkan adanya penggunaan cloud accounting ini dapat mengatasi permasalahan pada kualitas laporan keuangan.Kata kunci : laporan keuangan, cloud accounting, properti, akuntansi, informasi THE EFFECT OF USING CLOUD ACCOUNTING ON QUALITY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS PT. X (PROPERTY COMPANY) ABSTRACT  Entering the digital era 4.0 where all fields have used advanced technology, including the property sector and other sectors. The accuracy of financial statements, of course, must also increase with the ever-evolving technology. Accuracy also affects the quality of financial reports which in turn will affect the company in making decisions. Property companies are often faced with inaccurate information in financial statements so that leaders are often late in determining policies. In this study, there are two problems, namely the delay in making financial statements due to waiting for data from projects to be recorded at the head office and also delays in recording receipts of receivables because almost all customers pay through ATM machines (Automatic Teller Machines) or online banking. In order to overcome these problems, fast and precise financial statement management is needed. Cloud accounting is a database to store accounting data online. Through cloud accounting, accounting transaction data can be entered at any time and stored properly. Financial reports will also come out quickly and accurately. The author hopes that the use of cloud accounting can overcome problems in the quality of financial statements. Keywords: financial statements, cloud accounting, property, accounting, information
Manajemen Pondok Pesantren dalam Meningkatkan Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Siswa
Authors: Yaqutunnafis Lale , Nurmiati Nurmiati
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to find out the management of Islamic boarding schools in improving student entrepreneurship education at Darul Kamal Islamic Boarding School, Kembang Kerang, East Lombok. The research method used is a qualitative research method. The research data is described or described in the form of a description according to the actual situation. Data collection techniques were carried out by making interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis was carried out logically and systematically starting from data reduction, displaying data and providing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the management of Islamic boarding schools in improving student entrepreneurship education at Ponpes Darul Kamal NW Kembang Kerang Lombok Timur begins with planning, organizing, actuating and controlling to identify and align activities or programs in accordance with the agreed plans and goals to be achieved. together. Activities carried out to improve student entrepreneurship education at Ponpes Darul Kamal NW Kembang Kerang Lombok Timur are carried out by internalizing it through various aspects such as integrated entrepreneurship education in all subjects, integrated entrepreneurship education in extra-curricular activities, integration of entrepreneurship education into materials/books teaching, integrating entrepreneurship education through school culture and integrating entrepreneurship education through local content. In addition, sewing skills, skills in making woven fabrics (slicing woven fabrics), tile making skills, kopsis (student cooperatives), calligraphy making, ingke or plate making crafts, flower pot making crafts from used plastic and internships for students.
Pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga, Inflasi, Modal Bank, dan Suku Bunga Dasar Kredit terhadap Penyaluran Kredit
Authors: Eklesia Maria Indah , Riyadi Selamet
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this research to analyze the effect of third party fund, inflation, bank capital and prime lending rate on the distribution of credit. The samples use in this research are four stated-owned enteprises bank listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2015-2019. The four banks are: Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk, Mandiri Bank Tbk, Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk, Bank Tabungan Negara Tbk. The sample selection use purposive sampling method. The data obtained from the quarterly financial statement of each bank period 2015-2019. The analysis technique for hypothesis testing is panel data regression, which is processed by Eviews 10.0. The result obtained   that simultaneously third party funds, inflation, bank capital and prime lending rate had an effect and were feasible to explain lending. Partially, the variables of third party funds and bank capital have a significant positive effect on lending, while the inflation variable does not have a significant effect on lending, and the prime lending rate variable has a negative effect on lending.
Pengaruh Non Performing Financing, Financing to Deposit Ratio, dan Capital Adequacy Ratio terhadap Tingkat Bagi Hasil Deposito Mudharabah
Authors: Oktaviani Nurul Rizka , Riyadi Selamet
Published: July 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of Non Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on the profit sharing rate of mudharabah deposits at Bank Syariah Mandiri 2010-2019. The data used in this study are data from the complete annual financial reports for 2010-2019. The analysis technique used in this research is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that partially the Non Performing Financing (NPF) and the Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) had no effect on the profit sharing rate of mudharabah deposits. Meanwhile, the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) partially has a significant negative effect on the profit sharing rate of mudharabah deposits. Simultaneously, Non Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) have a significant effect on the profit sharing rate of mudharabah deposits. The results of this study can be used as an assessment material in maintaining and improving the bank's financial performance in order to be better and further researchers can expand the limitations contained in this study, namely by expanding the object of research in order to obtain better research results.
Financial Literacy and Personal Financial Management of Students: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Sandria Wella , Siswoyo Siswoyo , Basri Hasan
Published: July 2022

This research is a quantitative descriptive study based on a survey of research subjects, where the results of the study can provide an accurate picture of the level of financial literacy in students of Management Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of Jambi. This study uses primary data through interviews, observation and distributing questionnaires using google form media to 166 students out of a total of 284 active students registered in the Management Study Program of the Muhammadiyah University of Jambi for the 2019/2020 Academic Year. Secondary data were obtained from publications related to literature and financial decisions. The variable of the respondent's level of financial literacy was measured by 19, while the variable of financial decisions was measured by 8 questions related to basic knowledge of finance, savings and loans, insurance and investment. The results of the analysis of this study found that the level of financial literacy of students of Management Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of Jambi was still in the low and medium category. Low literacy is shown in the insurance and investment aspects, while moderate aspects are shown in the results of basic knowledge, savings and loans. From the results of financial decision analysis based on students' personal opinions, it was also found that a lack of financial literacy made it difficult for them to make financial decisions, especially in the long term.
Perbaikan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Gayeng Tembus Peluang Investasi Sektor Pertanian
Authors: Joenarni Elly , Permatasari Oktaviani , Abdillah Adil
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana perbaikan sumber daya manusia, petani sebagai subyek utama dalam sektor pertanian, harus memperoleh pengetahuan pengelolaan tanah, untuk hasil dan keuntungan yang maksimal. Mengelola tanah merupakan investasi pertanian yang dapat meningkatkan investasi dibidang lain. Investasi dengan pembelian alat dan mesin pertanian yang modern, akan mempermudah petani mengelola tanah sekaligus meminimalisir waktu untuk mengolah hasil pertanian. Metode dalam kajian ini menggunakan System Literature Review (SLR), dengan mengkaji beberapa sumber yang digunakan sebagai bahan dalam mencari dan mendapatkan literatur meliputi, artikel, media elektronik, website resmi pemerintah, report resmi dari organisasi internasional,  dan sumber relevan lainnya. Sumber-sumber tersebut  dijadikan dasar sebagai bahan untuk menganalisis dan menarik sebuah kesimpulan dalam membuat hasil kajian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertanian adalah sektor penopang ketahanan pangan (food security) yang krusial di kala krisis ekonomi, sehingga ada dua pertimbangan ekstra yang membuat urgensi sektor pertanian lebih tinggi. Pemeliharaan hasil produksi yang dilakukan oleh petani maupun pemerintah memiliki pengaruh yang sama besarnya, dengan mempertimbangkan berbagai aspek yaitu : aspek permintaan, aspek penawaran, aspek distribusi dan delivery, aspek harga, dan aspek teknologi. Selain itu, perluasan keanekaragaman hasil pertanian juga perlu dilakukan, agar perkembangan pada pengelolaan tanah semakin baik dan semakin memiliki daya guna.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PEKERJA OUTSOURCING DI KOTA MEDAN BERDASARKAN UU No. 13 TAHUN 2003
Authors: Simatupang Joshua Dewantoro , E.M. Pandia Margaretha , Valentine Vebri
Published: July 2022

Outsourcing is a work system, namely the existence of one company which provides certain work abilities to other companies where they need it. The State of Indonesia as a state of law makes a law to protect every implementation and the parties in this outsourcing work system, the Law is Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. The enactment of the Manpower Law has not been able to provide legal protection for parties in the outsourcing work system, especially for workers. This study aims to determine the form of outsourcing in Indonesia, determine the effect of the implementation of the Indonesian outsourcing work system and also find out the legal protection for outsourcing workers based on the Decision: No. 191/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2017/PN Mdn. The information sorting method is complemented by additional information sorting strategies, in particular by utilizing library information which is sourced from court decisions, laws and regulations, journals and mass media. The conclusion of this test, that re-evaluation is the right approach of the company in terms of business capabilities, but workers who do the work should not lose their rights which have been guaranteed by the relevant laws and guidelines. In terms of being identified with the situation of Decision No. 191/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2017/PN Mdn in accordance with the Manpower Law, it is the commitment of the management to terminate workers who are still working for a certain period of time to pay remuneration for the remainder of the agreement.
IMPLEMENTASI MEDIASI NON LITIGASI/ DI LUAR PENGADILAN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA MEDIK DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH Dr. ISKAK TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Sulistini Sulistini
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendiskripsikan proses mediasi non litigasi/ di luar Pengadilan, dan juga untuk mengetahui rekonstruksi dan penerapan hukum serta mengatasi hambatan/ kendala yang terjadi dalam proses mediasi non litigasi/ di luar Pengadilan dalam rangka mengurangi penyelesaian masalah/  sengketa melalui jalur Pengadilan dengan memilih suatu jalur alternatif  yaitu Mediasi yang dipandang efektif dan efisien dalam penyelesaian sengketa medik pada Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Iskak Tulungagung. Dengan mengacu pada Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbritase dan Alternatif  Penyelesaian Sengketa dan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metodologi  yuridis empiris/ sosiologis atau dapat pula disebut dengan penelitian lapangan, yaitu peneliti mengkaji apa yang sedang terjadi dalam kenyataan di masyarakat/ lapangan dengan membandingkan dengan ketentuan/ aturan pada hukum yang berlaku. Dengan pendekatan study dokumen/ study pustaka yaitu menelaah referensi yang berkaitan dengan objek tulisan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terjadinya perselisihan/ sengketa antara masyarakat dengan pihak pemberi layanan kesehatan (dokter, perawat, tenaga kesehatan lain) sesuai dengan Pasal 66 Undang-Undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2004 tentang Praktik Kedokteran lebih baik diselesaikan secara mediasi.

Implementasi mediasi non litigasi diluar pengadilan sebagai alternative penyelesaian sengketa medik pada Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Iskak Tulungagung pada dasarnya sudah dilakukan untuk mengatasi terjadinya sengketa/ pengaduan/ komplain/ somasi berkaitan dengan medis (pelayanan kesehatan), tetapi masih perlu dilakukan penyempurnaan pelaksanaan mediasi yang benar agar benar-benar menghasilkan win win solution yaitu dengan memakai tenaga mediator dari luar/ netral. Selain itu juga perlu ditingkatkan sosialisasi tentang pelaksanaan mediasi kepada seluruh elemen terkait baik bagi tenaga pelayanan kesehatan (Dokter, perawat, tenaga kesehatan lain), manajemen Rumah sakit dan masyarakat itu sendiri
KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA JANGKA WAKTU PROSES PENYIDIKAN DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Susanti Endang
Published: July 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara hukum, hal ini telah dinyatakan dengan tegas dalam penjelasan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945 bahwa “Negara Republik Indonesia berdasar atas hukum “(rechstaat)”, tidak berdasar atas kekuasaan belaka (machstaat), Jaminan hak konstitutional warga negara atas "pengakuan, jaminan, perlindungan, dan kepastian hukum yang adil" dan hak konstitusional atas due process of law sebagaimana terdapat dalam ketentuan Pasal 28D ayat (1) dan Pasal 1 ayat (3) UUD 1945 tersebut harus diwujudkan dalam proses penegakan hukum, Dalam penanganan penegakan hukum pidana KUHAP merupakan tata acara yang mengatur proses peradilan pidana yang lebih menjamin hak-hak asasi manusia, yaitu dengan memberikan hak-hak kepada tersangka atau terdakwa, Penyidikan merupakan salah satu tahap dalam proses penengakkan hukum pidana dan merupakan tahap awal dalam proses peradilan pidana, Didalam KUHAP tidak ada aturan yang sepesifik dan tegas mengatur mengenai perbuatan hukum yang dilakukan oleh polisi mengenai masa waktu dilakukan penyidikan terhadap seseorang yang di duga keras melakukan tindak pidana sehingga bisa menyebabkan abuse of pawer dalam system peradilan Pidana di Indonesia.

Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui pengaturan hukum mengenai jangka waktu proses penyidikan dalam sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia, dan Kebijakan Hukum Pidana (Penal Pollicy) Dalam Upaya Mengatasi Kekosongan Batas Waktu Penyidikan Tindak Pidana Umum dalam sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia.

Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif atau pendekatan kepustakaan.

Hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa : 1). Sebagai dasar pelaksanaan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana ( KUHAP) belum mengatur mengenai batas waktu penyidikan tindak pidana (umum), keadaan ini membawa akibat terjadinya ketidakpastian hukum dalam penyelesaian perkara yang berlarut-larut, serta memberi kesempatan bagi aparat penegak hukum (penyidik) untuk bertindak sewenang-wenang (abuse of pawer) serta terjadi pelanggaran terhadap hak-hak tersangka / terdakwa termasuk juga saksi. 2). Selain permasalahan hukumnya sendiri yang menjadi permasalahan menurut hemat penulis perangkat kerja hukum secara kwalitas maupun kwantitas juga sangat mempengaruhi proses penyidikan, hal ini bisa ditengarai dari sumberdaya manusianya, fasilitas kerja dan jumlah porsenil maupun anggaran untuk operasional penyidikan yang bertugas dalam penyidikan tindak pidana umum walaupun sudah dirumuskan pada Perkap Nomor 14 tahun 2012 berdasarkan kriteria: Perkara mudah, Perkara sedang, perkara sulit, dan perkara sangat sulit namun belum bisa menjadi problem soulving
KEBERADAAN HUKUM WARIS ADAT DALAM PEMBAGIAN WARISAN PADA MASYARAKAT ADAT BATAK TOBA SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Aisyah Aisyah , Alexia Novia
Published: July 2022

The Toba Batak community adheres to a patrilineal inheritance system which has the basis that children inherit their father on the condition that those who are truly considered the heirs of their fathers are sons, while female children for daughters inherit from their mother's assets. at the time of her previous marriage. This research is a juridical legal research. Data collection used secondary data in the form of references and reports on the distribution of Toba Batak traditional inheritance. Data analysis using literature study and field research were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that the distribution of Toba Batak traditional inheritance adheres to the patrilineal system / father's line, where the eldest and youngest sons get their rights, but the second and second children of the youngest children and women are not heirs. The distribution of inheritance assets has undergone a shift in urban communities. In general, people who live in rural areas still apply a system of patrialism (prioritizing boys as successors). The national law on inheritance based on the Civil Registry provides that the distribution of inheritance from the parents, both boys and girls, get the same share.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KONSUMEN TERHADAP RESIKO DALAM PROSES PENGIRIMAN BARANG KONSUMEN DI PT. POS INDONESIA (PERSERO) MEDAN
Authors: Aisyah Aisyah , Manalu Johanes Gunawan
Published: July 2022

Kiriman menggunakan PT. Pos Indonesia diadakan karena ada perjanjiannya PT. Pos Indonesia sama pihak yang melakukan pengiriman. Tanggung jawab hukum si pengirimnya dan PT. Pos Indonesia, mempunyai hak dan kewajiban. Penelitiannya ini bertujuan mengetahui proses perlindungan hukum konsumen terhadap resiko dalam proses pengiriman barang konsumen di PT. Pos Indonesia (persero) Medan. Kemudian mengetahui tanggung jawab hukum apabila salah satu pihak ada wanprestasi atau perbuatan melawan hukum. Pendekatan investigasi bersifat normatif dari segi hukum, karena asas hukum pertanggungjawaban antara PT. Pos Indonesia dengan pengirim. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian teknis. Penulis menggunakan jenis penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan kewajiban PT. Pos Indonesia secara jelas, rinci dan sistematis, sesuai ketentuan pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Hubungan hukum timbul hak dan kewajiban antara kedua pihak diatur pasal 1338 KUHPerdata.
COUNTERING THE JUDICIAL MAFIA FROM THE POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE OF NATIONAL LAW
Authors: Tantimin Tantimin
Published: July 2022

Judicial mafia is a crime of abuse of office or can be said to be a dirty game in law enforcement and involves law enforcement officials. From the political aspect of national/criminal law, the judicial mafia can be an abuse of office that causes a violation of the law. The policy of developing the justice system is defined as a reasonable effort to develop and improve its quality. The effort to eradicate the judicial mafia is essentially to restore public trust and respect for the judicial system. The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the efforts to overcome the judicial mafia in law enforcement and review the law enforcement process carried out by law enforcement officers in achieving justice. This research uses normative legal research methods. The data is based on secondary data obtained from library sources or legislation. This study shows that overcoming the judicial mafia requires a policy in the development of the justice system, which is defined as part of reasonable efforts to develop and improve the quality of the justice system. The effort to eradicate the judicial mafia is essentially an effort to restore public trust and respect in the judicial system.
PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU PEMAKAIAN ALAT RAPID TEST BEKAS
Authors: Suhunan Purba Kevin , Hasugian Michael Reynaldo C.S. , Kaban Bastanta , Stefani Yolanda Irene , Brahmana Herman
Published: July 2022

Munculnya wabah virus corona pada pada akhir tahun 2019 di Wuhan, China menimbulkan rasa takut bagi setiap orang, mengingat karena infeksi virus ini menyebabkan ganguan ringan pada system pernafasan, infeksi paru-paru berat, hingga kematian. Penyebaran yang sangat cepat dan meluas sampai ke Negara kita Indonesia telah bayak menimbulkan korban di kalangan masyarakat bahkan angka kematiannya terus bertambah. Penyebaran yang masih melalui droplet dan menular melalui salaman, atau melalui benda yang tersentuh orang terkena wabah, oleh perintah yang di upayakan pencegahan dan menghambat lajunya penyebaran covid19 dengan memakai masker, mencuci tangan dengan sabun atau menggunakan hand sanitaizer dan jaga jarak, selain itu membuat berbagai peraturan untuk mencegah dan memutus mata rantai penyebaran virus covid 19. Akibat mobilitas manusia, di dalam perjalanan baik darat, laut maupun udara, dengan menerbitkan surat edaran No. 12 Tahun 2021 tentang ketentuan perjalanan dalam negeri, dalam masa pademi cororna virus 2019. Berbagai syarat yang harus dipatuhi berdasarkan ketentuan itu didalam melakukan perjalanan, terutama perjalanan udara denagan menggunakan pesawat udara, maka setiap penumpang diwajibkan membawa surat hasil negative rapid test RT- PCR yang sempelnya di ambil 3x24 jam, sebelum keberangkatan atau hasil negative rapid test antigen yang sampelnya di ambil kurun waktu 2x24 jam sebelum keberangkatan, hasil negatif pemeriksaan rapid test PCR maupun antigen di ambil dari klinik kesehatan maupun rumah sakit. Kebutuhan atas kewajiban hasil rapid test RT-PCR maupun rapid test Antigen untuk keberangkatan dengan menggunakan pesawat udara di bendara Kuala Namu disalah gunakan oleh oknum klinik Kimia Farma Diagnostik untuk mencari keuntungan pribadi, stik yang di pakai hasil daur ulang ini sangat membahayakan bagi pengguna berikutnya. Perbuatan pidana ini di bongkar Direktorat Reserse criminal khusus Polda Sumatra Utara, dan saat ini dilakukan penyidikan dan kepenyelidikan dengan persangkaan pelanggar Undang-Undang No 36 Tahun 2009 tentang kesehatan JO Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen.
TINJAUAN BATAS USIA PERKAWINAN PASAL 1 AYAT 1 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019 PERUBAHAN ATAS PASAL 7 AYAT 1 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 PERSPEKTIF TEORI SISTEM JASSER AUDA
Authors: Hakim M. Arif , Arifin M. A.
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui dan memahami latar belakang amandemen pasal 1 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang batas usia perkawinan, 2) serta untuk mengetahui kemaslahatan amandemen pasal 1 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang batas usia perkawinan dengan analisis teori sistem Jasser Auda. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan kasus. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah bahan hokum dan data tersebut dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah contras (mencari ketidaksamaan), comparation (mencari kesamaan), Criticize (memberikan pandangan), synthesize (membandingkan), dan summarize (meringkas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa dampak positif berupa pemenuhan hak anak khusunya anak perempuan, meningkatnya pemahaman terkait pentingnya pendidikan, meningkatnya pemahaman terkait pentingnya usia ideal perkawinan, serta orang tua semakin memahami pentingnya usia ideal perkawinan ketika hendak menikahkan anaknya. Merupakan solusi tepat dalam menciptakan keluarga yang baik. Penerapan ketentuan tersebut mampu mengatur hubungan antara laki-laki dan perempuan, menjaga keturunan; dalam artian, bukan sekedar memperoleh keturunan dari hubungan pernikahan yang sah, melainkan menjaga keturunan tersebut menjadi keturunan yang sehat dan berkualitas menciptakan keluarga sakinah, mawaddah, warahmah; menjaga keberagamaan dalam keluarga; mengatur pola hubungan yang baik dalam keluarga dan mengatur aspek finansial dalam keluarga, sehingga human development dapat meningkat.
PENERAPAN DIVERSI TERHADAP ANAK SEBAGAI PELANGGAR TILANG DITINJAU DARI PASAL 7 AYAT (1) UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK (Studi di Kepolisian Resor Tulungagung)
Authors: Adining Clarabel Audia
Published: July 2022

Permasalahan yang menjadi pembahasan dalam penelitian ini adalah penerapan diversi terhadap anak pelanggar lalu lintas berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Apakah terdapat keselarasan antara konsep diversi dalam perkara pelanggaran lalu lintas dengan pelaku anak dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 22 tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan dan dengan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Diversi dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Jenis penelitian dalam penulisan ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan dengan wawancara memberikan hasil sebagai berikut: Bahwa penerapan diversi terhadap pelaku tilang anak tidak dilaksanakan di bidang Kepolisian Resort Tulungagung dikarenakan demi penegakan hukum dan untuk mengurangi angka pelanggaran dan angka kecelakaan lalu lintas. Sedangkan, penerapan diversi diwilayah kerja Pengadilan Negeri Tulungagung tidak dilakukan pengembalian berkas maupun penerapan diversi, melainkan melanjutkan sidang dengan asas sifat cepat, dan mengacu pada ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 22 tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan yang penerapannya memberikan sanksi denda. Kendala untuk melakukan diversi terhadap pelaku tilang anak dikarenakan adanya Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 tahun  2014 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Diversi dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, sehingga hal ini memberikan dampak tidak adanya keselarasan (disharmoni) antara ketentuan diversi dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak dengan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 22 tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan dan dengan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Diversi dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Ketidak selarasan (disharmoni) ini, dalam ilmu perundang-undangan disebut sebagai Disharmoni Horisontal, yaitu ketidak selarasan peraturan perundang-undangan dalam struktur hierarki yang sama atau sederajat. Dalam perkara pelanggaran lalu lintas anak yang tidak bisa dilakukan ditingkat pengadilan seharusnya berkas perkaranya dikembalikan kepada tingkat kepolisian untuk dilakukan diversi. Penerapan diversi di tingkat kepolisian yang paling ideal adalah dilakukannya pelatihan kerja atau penyerahan kembali kepada orangtua atau wali pelaku.