bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
50.1: Invited Paper: A Comprehensive Comparison of Eye Rotation Measurement in Eyewear Displays: Pupil or Eyeball Center?
Authors: Mou Xi , Wang Jianping , Jia Zheng
Published: August 2023

Eyewear displays have been gradually adopted in entertainment, industrial, and medical applications. The optical performance and image quality of the eyewear displays are required to be precisely evaluated and quantified. This challenges the conventional light measuring devices since the displays are viewed in an immersed environment and at a much closer viewing distance from the display to the eye. In eyewear display, measurement within the eye box and the LMD to mimic the eyeball movement is the first step to ensure an accurate measurement. This paper explained the difference of eyeball location in LMD measurement. The comparison between the eye pupil center and eyeball rotation center which are currently included in the IEC 63145 series standards is discussed. We experimented with the setups in the measurement system and set eye rotation at the pupil and at the eyeball center for contrast ratio and Michelson contrast. The experimental results were discussed to understand the differences between eye pupil center rotation and eyeball center rotation.
50.4: Halo Effect Measurement for Mini‐LED Backlight Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Xinyu Wang , Zhiyong Lu , Guofeng Kuang , Guofu Tang , Chao Liu , Qinquan Zhang , Qiaozhen Lian , Xuerun Huang
Published: August 2023

We develop a measurement and evaluation system to quantify the halo effect of mini‐LED backlight liquid crystal displays (mLCDs). Our system evaluates the halo phenomenon from four dimensions: front‐view halo, side‐view halo, dynamic halo, and detail display ability. A CCD camera was used to capture the halo phenomenon and a self‐developed halo recognition algorithm was used to convert subjective halo observations into objective halo values. The validity and reliability of our halo measurement system was investigated through a human visual perception experiment. The results indicate that our halo measurement system can effectively distinguish the halo differences among different displays, with matching rate of 93.3% between our measurement and the human visual system.
55.1: Perovskite as Color Conversion Materials for Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Yin Yongming , Wang Yixin , Meng Hong
Published: August 2023

Metal halide perovskite materials have attracted great attention
owing to their fascinating optoelectronic characteristics and low
cost fabrication via facile solution processing. One of the
potential applications of these materials is to employ them as
color‐conversion layers (CCLs) for visible blue light to achieve
micro‐LED full‐color displays. However, obtaining thick
perovskite films and fine patterns to realize complete color
conversion and vivid display performance is still very
challenging. Here, we elaborately addressed above issues and
successfully demonstrated efficient blue‐to‐green
photoconversion based on perovskite materials and applied in
full color micro‐LED displays.
56.2: A dynamic backlight for a wide‐angle light field display based on supermulti‐view technology
Authors: Fang Song , Shao Haibing , Zhang Haofeng , Wang Tianhong , Zhang Jing , Yao Jiangbo , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2023

In naked‐eye 3D display, the light field display has been widely concerned
because it can provide vivid and natural 3D performance,
and light field display technology based on super‐multi‐view (SMV)
has also become an important research direction of naked‐eye 3D
display. However, insufficient viewing angle is one of the main factors
limiting the development and application of light field display
technology. In this paper, we propose a wide‐angle‐splicing display
method for dynamic backlight system based on the light field display
with SMV technology. The experimental results show that the
viewing angle is increased by about 50% from the original 60° to
more than 90°, and a time‐multiplexed light field display with a 90°
wide viewing angle is demonstrated. At the same time, it can provide
the viewer with smooth and continuous motion parallax, and clear
3D images can be perceived at the entire range of viewing angle,
which greatly improves the viewer's visual experience.
57.1: Research on Moving Picture Response Time of Organic Light‐emitting Diode
Authors: Kang Ruidan , Li Jiajin , Teng Xiaojun , Lv Boyan , Wu Cangzhi
Published: August 2023

The motion image quality of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED)
degrades by motion blur due to the hold‐type display. Moving
picture response time (MPRT) is a representative index to evaluate
the performance of the moving image. A method based on high
speed camera is introduced to evaluate the motion blur of OLED
display. We explored the influence of exposure time of high speed
camera on MPRT evaluation.
P‐1.8: Energy‐Band‐Dependent Mobility in Heterojunction Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Yang Huan , Wang Bo , Dong Wenting , Ma Zhikang , Pan Wengao , Lu Lei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: August 2023

The energy band dependent mobility in heterojunction
amorphous oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is
investigated. Results indicate that both of the energy band
configurations with potential well (PW) and barrier (PB)
formation could allow TFT with high‐mobility operation.
Specifically, TFT with PW only exhibits high mobility when the
gate electric field direction is consistent with that of build‐in
electric field in PW, whereas TFT with PB could exhibit high
mobility no matter what the electric field direction configuration
is.
P‐2.4: Comprehensive Contrast Ratio Evaluation Method of VR Products
Authors: Liang Jiaojiao , Zhao Lei , Rui Congshan , Hou Tianwen , Wang Chaohao
Published: August 2023

Contrast ratio is the ratio of the brightest part to the darkest
part of the image, which can reflect the picture hierarchy. In
VR head‐mounted display (HMD), many scenes need to realistically
simulate rooms or night environments. High contrast
ratio helps to better display details in dark scenes, giving
people the ultimate sense of immersion. There are many ways
to measure contrast ratio, but still no effective standard to
evaluate this indicator. In particular, many VR HMD adopt
the emerging solution of folded optical path pancake. Due to
the refraction and reflection of light on different interfaces,
the pancake module will cause "ghosting", then affect the
visual experience. Therefore, it becomes our focus to evaluate
the contrast ratio of pancake VR HMD. We present a way to
evaluate the contrast ratio of VR HMD by a near‐eye display
measurement system, and compares the measurement results
of different test methods. It can systematically and objectively
evaluate the contrast of VR head‐mounted display devices
and provide a useful reference for VR device evaluation.
P‐2.7: Slam Fusion Location Mapping Based on Lidar
Authors: Li Shuaishuai , Li Wanlin
Published: August 2023

Aiming at the low accuracy of GNSS/INS integrated navigation caused by the outdoor road environment without GNSS signal or poor GNSS signal, this thesis proposes to combine slam technology with on-board laser scanning system, which can still maintain good robustness in the weak GNSS area. By coupling slam and IMU through the factor graph optimization algorithm, it can improve the mapping results affected by the high speed in the on-board laser scanning system. this thesis uses the system calibration to improve the lio-sam algorithm.Based on the factor graph optimization algorithm, the multi line laser is added to the vehicle lidar scanning system to solve the long-distance and high-precision positioning and attitude determination in the case of weak GNSS signal. The feasibility and effectiveness are verified by the specific application in the field.
P‐2.15: Status Quo and Future Development of Digital Twins in Medical and Health Fields
Authors: Qin Hongyu , Wang Chuang , Li Ying , Li Zhengping , Wang Lijun
Published: August 2023

As technology advances, the concept of the digital twins is gaining more attention. However, as a relatively new concept, the definition of digital twins is still evolving. In this paper, we focus on digital twins and analyze its current research status and development trends in the medical field. We explore and present the recent achievements of digital twins in the medical field, including hospital-level applications, personalized medicine, and public health applications. In addition, we discuss the ethical issues that may arise from the application of digital twins in healthcare.
P‐2.16: Research on three‐dimensional reconstruction based on VTK
Authors: Bai Kunpeng , Li Zhengping , Li Ying , Wang Lijun , Zhang Yongmei
Published: August 2023

Three‐dimensional reconstruction of medical tomographic images is a technological way to provides a 3D model of biological tissue. As it not only provides a 3D model, but also shows the spatial location of this model, it received widespread attention. By human‐computer interaction, doctors can easily conduct disease analysis and surgical planning.

This paper introduces a novel three‐dimensional reconstruction technology of magnetic resonance images, which deals with the brightness, contrast adjustment, and three‐dimensional reconstruction of Dicom images. This paper uses the Visualization Toolkit VTK to implement Dicom 3D image reconstruction. VTK has a large number of callable functions built in and encapsulates some common visualization algorithms. When visualizing medical data, VTK can directly call the related functions. VTK three‐dimensional reconstruction can help people intuitively see the contents of a 3D image. Displaying two‐ dimensional images is easy, but displaying 3D images is not. Previously, because of the limited technical means, even if the data of the 3D image is obtained, it can only be displayed as a slice of the 2D image, which is not intuitive. With the development of computer science and technology, the use of computer graphics technology to model and render 3D objects in real‐time has become the mainstream method of object display, while the past two‐dimensional display method has been gradually phased out.

To describe the process of 3D modeling more accurately and intuitively, this paper focuses on a reconstruction technique, polygon drawing. Polygon drawing uses segmentation technology to perform contour recognition, extraction, and other operations on a series of two‐dimensional images, and ultimately restores the three‐dimensional model of the detected object and displays it as a surface.

First, the original data is a discrete three‐dimensional spatial rule data field. The images generated by CT and MRI of tomography scanners belong to this data type, that is, the DICOM type image used in this paper. Second, the boundary between the content part and the background part in the three‐dimensional image is found in the unit of volume, and triangles are extracted to fit the boundary. Then, all the voxels are traversed to find out which triangles are finally assembled to form a triangular mesh of the surface of the real point in the image. Finally, a triangle mesh model is built to render the model, and the rendered model is put into the window to interact with users.
P‐6.2: Picture Quality Evaluation Method on LCD with Local Dimming Technology
Authors: Li Chaoping , He Jhenwei , Xie Junli , Guo Xiaoying
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a novel objective evaluation method is proposed to quantify the picture quality. In particular, the effect of “halo” and “backlight delay” is taken into consideration in the design of the evaluation pipeline. The objective evaluation method is used to test the picture quality, and the results are compared with the subjective ones, demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed evaluation method.
P‐7.2: Suppression of Ion Drop of ITO‐Decapped a:Si‐H TFT for ADS Pro Display
Authors: Liu Dan , Huang Zhonghao , Wu Xu , Luo Xu , Chen Wenxiang , Wu Fang , Zhang Shufang , Liu GaoBin , Fang Liang
Published: August 2023

The decay of Ion of ADS Pro‐type TFTs experienced 1ITO decap often brings about a lot of TFT devices scrapped. It is necessary and valuable to identify the reasons and to solve the Ion drop problem induced by decap. In the present work, the difference in procedure and electronic performance between the normal and the decap TFT process was first compared, then a series of controlled and confirmation experiments to get the mechanism of Ion drop were designed and carried out. It is found that not the extra etching, but the additional ITO film deposition procedure in the decap process is the cause of Ion degradation; during ITO deposition process, the plasma cleaning would lead to the plasma damage to the silicon island, and the In and O atoms in ITO target would intrude into the silicon to form p‐type doping or SiOx oxide, giving rise to the decrease of the carrier concentration and the increase of the resistance, which eventually account for the Ion drop. Finally, the measures to suppress the Ion degradation caused by 1ITO decap were proposed and verified, it shows that the decay percentage of Ion will decline from 15% in the normal decap process to 8.9%, 12.2% and 10.6% by turning off the plasma cleaning, cutting down the deposition power, and reducing the ITO annealing temperature, respectively. And when these three above methods are combined introduction together, the Ion drop after decap can be further lower to less than 5%, which meets the requirements of mass production. This study provides a way to suppress Ion degradation and a reference to optimize TFT properties and improve product yield.
P‐7.5: Analysis and research on the improvement of OPC compensation aperture ratio
Authors: ZHONG Guoqiang , TANG Wenhao , ZHANG Ran , WANG Yongcan , WANG Zhangtao , SHAO Xibin , CHEN Jian , SHI Shenwei , LIU Zhenyi
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we aim to improve the opening rate of color film substrate by proximity exposure mechanism, and carry out OPC (Optical Proximity Correction) at the corners of the pattern on the photo mask version, and DOE (design of experiments) to verify the optimal solution under the existing equipment and process conditions. The final result is that the color film black matrix pattern is closer to the design, and the substrate opening rate is increased by 1‐4%, which increases the product transmission rate and enhances the competitiveness of the product.
P‐7.9: The Specification Study of Taper Angle in Metal Wire Electrode of TFT‐LCD
Authors: Liu Gongchu , Yang Chunliu , Tan Fang , Li Ji , Hsieh Chung-Ching , Zhang Shengdong
Published: August 2023

The electrodes of Gate (GE) and Source & Drain (SE) in thin Film Transistor (TFT) devices which are made of metal wires are fabricated by getting patterned through WET Etching. The taper angle of these metal wires play key roles in liquid crystal display (LCD). Excessive taper angle of the metal wires after WET etching will lead to poor coverage of the insulating layer and light leakage at the edge of the metal and thus reduce the contrast of the LCD. The overlarge taper angle of the electrodes will result in a series of defects in the TFT LCD as stated above, however, the taper angle of the electrodes can not be too small. The lower taper will increase the resistance of the metal electrodes. Beyond that, the photoresist (PR) will peeling and thus the metal line disappearing if the taper angle are too small. This article mainly focus on developing the specifications of the taper angle in the GE and SE electrodes.
P‐10.13: Exploring the Temperature Dependence of GaN‐on‐GaN Homoepitaxy Micro‐LEDs
Authors: Li Zichun , Liu Yibo , Feng Feng , Zhanghu Mengyuan , Kwok Hoi Sing , Liu Zhaojun
Published: August 2023

In this study, we explored the electrical characteristics of micro-LEDs with various pixel sizes on GaN substrates, demonstrating that small sizes have high current density due to superior current spreading. Due to the p-electrode ohmic contact's temperature dependence, which is supported by TLM measurements, the ideal factor declines as temperature rises. We also show the temperature sensitivity in proportion to device size at a certain current density, which is susceptible to carrier non-radiative recombination brought on by surface defects. We comprehensively present the thermal properties of GaN-on-GaN homoepitaxy micro-LEDs, laying the groundwork for improved device stability and reliability.
P‐11.1: The interface engineering with quaternary ammonium ionic liquid enabling efficient blue perovskite light‐emitting diode
Authors: Zhang Zhiqing , Yan Huibo , Ye Fanghao , He Yang , Li Guijun
Published: August 2023

Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have become a rising star in recent years. Interface plays an important role in the development of the PeLEDs performance. In this work, we demonstrate that the interface engineering with quaternary ammonium ionic liquid that could be used to improve the efficiency of the blue PeLEDs. We find the interface engineering can balance hole and electron injection. In addition, quaternary ammonium cation promotes the growth and nucleation of the blue perovskite emitter, improving its film morphology and reducing the occurrence of defects. The use of the ionic liquid interfacial layer is also helpful to inhibit the ion migration in the perovskite under forward bias operation. In conclusion, by exploring the quaternary ammonium ionic liquid interfacial layer, the luminous efficiency can be greatly improved.
P‐12.6: The application study of coated polarizer for TFT‐LCD panels
Authors: Guo Jiacong , Zhao Rentang , Li Ji , Zhang Min , Xie Zhongjing
Published: August 2023

For TFT‐LCD industries, polarizer films are essential components, which directly determine the image quality of panels. The market proposes new trends of thin thickness and large size for TFT‐LCD panels, including applying polarizer films. The technology of coating linear polarizer could readily realize these demands and own the potential of being directly fabricated on glass substrates. Herein, we study the preparation process of coating a polarizer on a PET substrate and aim to enhance the optical performance. The coated polarizer with the polarization degree of 99.9% was successfully fabricated and applied at the 32‐inch TFT‐LCD panels with the contrast ratio of 1200. This technology exhibits a great application potential for next‐generation polarizer films be integrated on liquid crystal cell.
P‐13.6: The investigation on high‐temperature color deviation of flexible AMOLED display
Authors: Xi Suping , Li Jingrui , Huang Chenghui , Liu Weicheng , Guo Xiaofei , Liu Xiaoyan , Yu Yiyuang , Yang Xu
Published: August 2023

As a new type of display technology, organic light‐emitting diode display technology (OLED) is widely used in vehicle, tablet, industrial control medical, mobile phone, wearable and other fields, and it is described as the future mainstream display technology after the liquid crystal display technology. However, when the AMOLED display is working for a long time, the display screen will heat up, the temperature of the screen will rise. And as the temperature rises, the performance of the TFT and OLED devices will be affected. The investigation on high temperature color deviation is studied in detail, we compared and analyzed the change of CIE‐x and CIE‐y color point, I‐V characteristic curve, efficiency and recombination center at different temperatures. The results show that the recombination center of OLED device changes with the temperature increasing, leads to the changes of the efficiency. The difference of red, green and blue efficiency leads to the color deviation, and the green pixels is the most sensitive to the change of current due to its highest efficiency, which is easier to show greenish phenomenon.
P‐13.9: The MPRT Comparative Study between LCD and OLED Display
Authors: Li Fengming , Yu Juan , Liu Sha , Ma Shiqing , Wang Dan
Published: August 2023

With the competition between organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) and liquid crystal display (LCD) in high‐end display applications, the debate on dynamic display quality has become increasingly fierce. In this paper, the motion picture response time (MPRT) as one of the key parameters of dynamic display quality is comparatively studied by theoretical and experimental methods. It is found that frame time is the key factor at low refresh rate, and the MPRT of OLED and LCD is similar; On the other hand, the grey to grey time (GTG) as the dynamic response of the device itself is the key factor at high refresh rate, and OLED display will have significant advantages.
P‐13.10: A New Color Space Model for AMOLED Display Based on IR Drop
Authors: Cai Jian , Liu Yang , Han Dedong , Zhang Shengdong , Wang Yi
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present a new color space model for AMOLED display based on IR drop. This paper discusses the relationship between the color space and the IR drop of AMOLED display, then derives the corresponding color space model. Based on this model, the level of IR Drop can be adaptively adjusted to change the color space of the panel, to accurately display the brightness and chroma of target. In the experimental results, it is confirmed that the native color space of the panel can be auto tuned to less than 0.5 on average in CIEDE2000 for different target color spaces in different applications. In addition, a corresponding fast calibration method within 15 seconds has been developed to match with our driver chips, to be applied to individual panel correction and calibration requirements in a production line.
P‐15.4: Dynamic Measuring Method of Speckle Contrast
Authors: Xu Renjie , Liu Rui , Peng Yunjia , Guo Dabo , Wang Weisheng , Qiu Song
Published: August 2023

The various measurement methods of speckle for laser display are always troubled by screen structure, pixel structure and non‐uniformity of image brightness, etc., even those effects can be decreased by means of FFT or some other technologies. However, the technologies applied will damage the original image signal and bring about measuring errors. The intensity distribution of an image is composed of background (signal) and noise (speckle). The background is not sensitive to observing position, while the speckle shows great sensitivity. While observing images with speckle at 2 very close positions, the background patterns are almost the same, and the speckle patterns are completely different because the speckle patterns are the results of multi‐beam interference and obey the random number distribution rule, the background patterns relate to display patterns, screen structure, pixel structure and non‐uniformity of the image, etc. This paper proposes a dynamic measuring method of speckle contrast for more accurate speckle measurement. This method eliminates the influence of screen structure, pixel structure, and non‐uniformity of image brightness in the speckle contrast measurement. And provides a better generality and more accurate laser display speckle contrast measuring method. This method could be applied in speckle measurement of a laser projector, laser theater, and other laser display products.
P‐17.5: Circuit Integration Scheme of Automotive High Resolution Touch Smart Module
Authors: Dong Xiaoqiao , Yu Jie , Han Rui , Ma Qing , Yoon D.K. , Cai Site , Zhang Zhipeng , Wang Chunhua , Zhu Chuanping
Published: August 2023

High resolution and multi‐purpose are gradually becoming the trend of vehicle industry. BOE has developed a 42.2‐inch vehicle mounted high‐resolution touch smart module, which integrates multiple application scenario solutions such as partial privacy, camera under the screen, local dimming, ambient light sensor and haptic feedback. GOA architecture is adopted in the display circuit, 16 Source ICs supporting Touch function are cascaded, and two TCONs are jointly driven to achieve 10K resolution, 250 PPI Ultra high image quality and 1000000:1 high contrast. The whole module is composed of two independent panels. The two panels cooperate with each other to realize the function of partial privacy. The module integrates multiple functions and brings customers a safer, more comfortable and more intelligent driving experience.
Lignocellulosic Biomass‐Based Carbon Dots: Synthesis Processes, Properties, and Applications
Authors: Gan Jian , Chen Lizhen , Chen Zhijun , Zhang Jilei , Yu Wenji , Huang Caoxing , Wu Yan , Zhang Kai
Published: August 2023

Carbon dots (CDs), a new type of carbon‐based fluorescent nanomaterial, have attracted widespread attention because of their numerous excellent properties. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant renewable natural resource and possesses broad potential to manufacture different composite and smart materials. Numerous studies have explored the potential of using the components (such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) in lignocellulosic biomass to produce CDs. There are few papers systemically aiming in the review of the state‐of‐the‐art works related to lignocellulosic biomass‐derived CDs. In this review, the significant advances in synthesis processes, formation mechanisms, structural characteristics, optical properties, and applications of lignocellulosic biomass‐based CDs such as cellulose‐based CDs, hemicellulose‐based CDs and lignin‐based CDs in latest research are reviewed. In addition, future research directions on the improvement of the synthesis technology of CDs using lignocellulosic biomass as raw materials to enhance the properties of CDs are proposed. This review will serve as a road map for scientists engaged in research and exploring more applications of CDs in different science fields to achieve the highest material performance goals of CDs.
Building Atomic Scale and Dense Fe─N4 Edge Sites of Highly Efficient Fe─N─C Oxygen Reduction Catalysts Using a Sacrificial Bimetallic Pyrolysis Strategy
Authors: Luo Zhaoyan , Zhou Tingyi , Guan Yi , Zhang Lei , Zhang Qianling , He Chuanxin , Sun Xueliang , Ren Xiangzhong
Published: August 2023

Replacing high‐cost and scarce platinum (Pt) with transition metal and nitrogen co‐doped carbon (M/N/C, M = Fe, Co, Mn, and so on) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells has largely been impeded by the unsatisfactory ORR activity of M/N/C due to the low site utilization and inferior intrinsic activity of the M─N4 active center. Here, these limits are overcome by using a sacrificial bimetallic pyrolysis strategy to synthesize Fe─N─C catalyst by implanting the Cd ions in the backbone of ZIF‐8, leading to exposure of inaccessible FeN4 edge sites (that is, increasing active site density (SD)) and high fast mass transport at the catalyst layer of cathode. As a result, the final obtained Fe(Cd)─N─C catalyst has an active site density of 33.01 µmol g−1 (with 33.01% site utilization) over 5.8 times higher than that of Fe─N─C catalyst. Specially, the optimal catalyst delivers a high ORR performance with a half‐wave potential of 0.837 (vs RHE) in a 0.1 m HClO4 electrolyte, which surpasses most of Fe‐based catalysts.
Appropriate use of parametric and nonparametric methods in estimating regression models with various shapes of errors
Authors: Kim Mijeong
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a practical estimation method for a regression model is proposed using semiparametric efficient score functions applicable to data with various shapes of errors. First, I derive semiparametric efficient score vectors for a homoscedastic regression model without any assumptions of errors. Next, the semiparametric efficient score function can be modified assuming a specific parametric distribution of errors according to the shape of the error distribution or by estimating the error distribution nonparametrically. Nonparametric methods for errors can be used to estimate the parameters of interest or to find an appropriate parametric error distribution. In this regard, the proposed estimation methods utilize both parametric and nonparametric methods for errors appropriately. Through numerical studies, the performance of the proposed estimation methods is demonstrated.
Sustainable farming in Wales: the next steps
Authors: Killeen Hannah
Published: August 2023

Hannah Killeen, BVA policy and public affairs officer, reports on BVA's recent work in relation to the Sustainable Farming Scheme for Wales.
Coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulation of polymers: Structures and dynamics
Authors: Shi Rui , Qian Hu‐Jun , Lu Zhong‐Yuan
Published: August 2023

For the simulations of polymeric systems, coarse‐grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations are computationally demanding not only because of their high computational efficiency, but also these CG models can provide sufficient structural and dynamical properties at both micro‐ and meso‐scopic levels. During the past decades, developments of these CG models are roughly in two directions, that is, generic and chemically system‐specific models. The developme of the formmer focuses on the capability of the model to capature the general properties of the system, for instance, scaling relations between both structural and dynamic properties with respect to chain length. On the other hand, to bridging the gap between physics and chemistry, chemically‐specifi models are also widely developed which are able to retain the inherent chemical–physical properties for a given polymer system. However, due to the reduction of atomistic degree of freedom a faithful reproduction of structure and especialy dynamics properties of the system is the maijor challenge. In this review, after a brief introduction of some widely used generic models, we present an overview of both recent achievements and remainning challendges in the development of chemically‐specific CG approaches, for the simulations of polymer systems.

This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
Francis Williams: Shedding light on the production, materials and techniques of the portrait of a Jamaican scholar
Authors: Melita Lucia Noor , Amato Silvia Rita , Risdonne Valentina , Ledwina Laura , Nevin Austin , Burgio Lucia
Published: August 2023

The Victoria and Albert Museum holds an important portrait of the Jamaican scholar and writer Francis Williams (c.1692/97–1762), portrayed as a scholar in his study. It is believed to have been painted around 1745 by an unknown artist, but the circumstances of its production are unknown. A technical examination of the painting was performed using x‐radiography and infrared reflectography (IRR), macro x‐ray fluorescence scanning (XRF), digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) and reflectance imaging spectroscopy in the short‐wave infrared (SWIR). XRF, IRR and reflectance imaging spectroscopy in the SWIR revealed the distribution of inorganic pigments including lead white, earth pigments, Prussian blue, vermilion, orpiment (or pararealgar) and bone or ivory black. Pentimenti and a different sketched landscape were observed in the IRR images, highlighting changes in the final composition. Three‐dimensional (3D) digital microphotography provided additional historical and contextual information through the observation of book titles and details. High‐resolution digital imaging complemented analytical data. Results of the technical examination revealed the material composition and the development of the painting, contributing to shed new light on the production of the portrait, the history and significance of the portrait.
BI 1291583: a novel selective inhibitor of cathepsin C with superior in vivo profile for the treatment of bronchiectasis
Authors: Kreideweiss Stefan , Schänzle Gerhard , Schnapp Gisela , Vintonyak Viktor , Grundl Marc A.
Published: August 2023

Background

Airway inflammation in chronic inflammatory lung diseases (e.g. bronchiectasis) is partly mediated by neutrophil-derived serine protease (NSP)/antiprotease imbalance. NSPs are activated during neutrophil myelopoiesis in bone marrow by cathepsin C (CatC; DPP1). CatC is therefore an attractive target to reduce NSP activity in the lungs of patients with bronchiectasis, restoring the protease/antiprotease balance. We report results from the preclinical pharmacological assessment of the novel CatC inhibitor BI 1291583.

Methods

Binding kinetics of BI 1291583 to human CatC were determined by surface plasmon resonance. In vitro inhibition of human CatC activity was determined by CatC-specific fluorescent assay, and selectivity was assessed against related cathepsins and unrelated proteases. Inhibition of NSP neutrophil elastase (NE) production was assessed in a human neutrophil progenitor cell line. In vivo inhibition of NE and NSP proteinase 3 (PR3) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neutrophils after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge and distribution of BI 1291583 was determined in a mouse model.

Results

BI 1291583 bound human CatC in a covalent, reversible manner, selectively and fully inhibiting CatC enzymatic activity. This inhibition translated to concentration-dependent inhibition of NE activation in U937 cells and dose-dependent, almost-complete inhibition of NE and PR3 activity in BALF neutrophils in an in vivo LPS-challenge model in mice. BI 1291583 exhibited up to 100 times the exposure in the target tissue bone marrow compared with plasma.

Conclusion

BI 1291583-mediated inhibition of CatC is expected to restore the protease–antiprotease balance in the lungs of patients with chronic airway inflammatory diseases such as bronchiectasis.
Earlier consolidation and improved knee function of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy with autologous bone graft
Authors: Bodenbeck Eva-Maria , Böpple Jessica C. , Doll Julian , Bürkle Franziska , Schmidmaier Gerhard , Fischer Christian
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Medial knee osteoarthritis can be treated with medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). We sought to investigate osseous consolidation of the osteotomy with and without autologous bone grafts (ABG) to detect possible benefits of ABG in osseous healing and functional outcome.

Methods

In this prospective study, patients without graft transplantation were compared to those receiving ABG after medial OWHTO. They were followed up 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. Radiographic progress of consolidation, clinical scores, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) were assessed at each appointment.

Results

A total of 35 patients were enrolled, 20 without and 15 with graft transplantation. Radiologic evaluation showed a significantly earlier consolidation of the osteotomy gaps (p = 0.012) in patients with ABG, resulting in a significantly higher rate of consolidation 12 months after surgery (60% without bone graft vs. 100% with bone graft, p = 0.006). At 6 weeks as well as 6-month follow-up, a tendency of earlier consolidation with ABG was apparent, but not statistically significant (6 weeks: 50% vs. 80%, p = 0.089; 6 months: 30% vs. 60%, p = 0.097). CEUS and DCE-MRI showed physiological perfusion of the osteotomy gaps in both groups. A tendency to better function and less pain in patients with ABG was recognizable.

Conclusion

In our study, autologous bone grafting evocated earlier osseous consolidation after medial OWHTO and showed a tendency to a better functional outcome.
Dielectric and dynamic antibacterial investigations of organic–inorganic conductive membranes based on oxidized cellulose with BNKT nanoceramics
Authors: Ali Ahmed I. , Hemdan Bahaa A. , Mansour A. M. , Abou Hammad Ali B. , Kamel Samir , El Nahrawy Amany M.
Published: August 2023

The development of eco-friendly materials for advanced applications is highly demanded. The current study focuses on the preparation of conductive membranes based on tricarboxylic cellulose (TCC) loaded with cubic bismuth sodium titanate (BNKT) nanoceramics. FTIR, SEM, and EDX analyses confirm the presence of loaded BNKT on the membranes. The electrical response of the cellulose/xBNKT (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20% wt/wt) membrane is investigated using impedance spectroscopy. The real part (Z′) and the imaginary part (Z″) of the complex impedance are studied as a function of frequency (4Hz ~ 8MHz) and temperature (20 ~ 160 °C) for the different compositions. Impedance and modulus studies reveal a Debye-type relaxation phenomenon. The dielectric studies manifest promising dielectric properties. The bactericidal performance of all nanomembranes is evaluated. The nanomembrane with 20% BNKT (C20) exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with 6 log CFU reductions observed after an exposure time of 180 min. Treatment with the C20 nanomembrane shows the highest amounts of protein efflux. The results indicate that the C20 nanomembrane layer eradicated all bacterial cells. The findings suggest that the C20 nanomembrane is recommended as an intelligent and innovative antibacterial nano-system for bio-applications.
Glass supported SERS chips for emerging pollutant analyses
Authors: Albini B. , Parmigiani M. , Pellegrini G. , Taglietti A. , Galinetto P.
Published: August 2023

The dramatic increase of environmental pollution leads to the demand of new sampling strategies that could perform in-situ monitoring and rapid identification. In this regard, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy is a good candidate among the possible analytical techniques. Thus, enormous efforts are in course to select best nanoplatforms able to maximize the SERS effect and in turn to reach the lowest limit of pollutant detection. In this work, we investigated the SERS response of colloidal gold nanostars (GNS) coated with a layer of silver with increasing thickness. In particular, we observed a maximum in the SERS signal at a precise silver thickness. The so-optimized GNS@Ag were used to prepare glass supported SERS substrates, displaying good enhancement factor and high homogeneity intra sample. We also evaluate the reproducibility on large-scale production, demonstrating again a good homogeneity of the response and the overall goodness of the substrates. Our glassy SERS-active chips were fruitfully used to detect norfloxacin and thiram, as representative of harmful and toxic pollutants.
Design and applications of morphing aircraft and their structures
Authors: Zhu Jihong , Yang Jiannan , Zhang Weihong , Gu Xiaojun , Zhou Han
Published: August 2023

Morphing aircraft can adaptively regulate their aerodynamic layout to meet the demands of varying flight conditions, improve their aerodynamic efficiency, and reduce their energy consumption. The design and fabrication of high-performance, lightweight, and intelligent morphing structures have become a hot topic in advanced aircraft design. This paper discusses morphing aircraft development history, structural characteristics, existing applications, and future prospects. First, some conventional mechanical morphing aircraft are examined with focus on their morphing modes, mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages. Second, the novel applications of several technologies for morphing unmanned aerial vehicles, including additive manufacturing for fabricating complex morphing structures, lattice technology for reducing structural weight, and multi-mode morphing combined with flexible skins and foldable structures, are summarized and categorized. Moreover, in consideration of the further development of active morphing aircraft, the paper reviews morphing structures driven by smart material actuators, such as shape memory alloy and macro-fiber composites, and analyzes their advantages and limitations. Third, the paper discusses multiple challenges, including flexible structures, flexible skins, and control systems, in the design of future morphing aircraft. Lastly, the development and application of morphing structures in the aerospace field are discussed to provide a reference for future research and engineering applications.
Sub-nanometer finishing of polycrystalline tin by inductively coupled plasma-assisted cutting
Authors: Lyu Peng , Lai Min , Song Yifei , Xue Zhifu , Fang Fengzhou
Published: August 2023

Polycrystalline tin is an ideal excitation material for extreme ultraviolet light sources. However, the existence of grain boundary (GB) limits the surface roughness of polycrystalline tin after single-point diamond turning (SPDT). In this work, a novel method termed inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-assisted cutting was developed for the sub-nanometer finishing of polycrystalline tin. The relationship between ICP power, processing time, and modification depth was established by thermodynamic simulation, and the fitted heat transfer coefficient of polycrystalline tin was 540 W/(m2·K). The effects of large-thermal-gradient ICP treatment on the microstructure of polycrystalline tin were studied. After 0.9 kW ICP processing for 3.0 s, corresponding to the temperature gradient of 0.30 K/µm, the grain size of polycrystalline tin was expanded from a size of approximately 20–80 µm to a millimeter scale. The Taguchi method was used to investigate the effects of rotational speed, depth of cut, and feed rate on SPDT. Experiments conducted based on the ICP system indicated that the plasma-assisted cutting method promoted the reduction of the influence of GB steps on the finishing of polycrystalline tin, thereby achieving a surface finish from 8.53 to 0.80 nm in Sa. The results of residual stress release demonstrated that the residual stress of plasma-assisted turning processing after 504 h stress release was 10.7 MPa, while that of the turning process without the ICP treatment was 41.6 MPa.
Different keys unlock different doors: analyzing content and affect regulation in dream reports
Authors: Kempe Simon , Krome Anna-Julia , Köpp Werner , Wittmann Lutz
Published: August 2023

Background

For empirical dream research, numerous scales and rating systems exist for different facets of dreaming.

Objective

The present study aimed to compare two different approaches for dream report analysis focusing on content and affect regulation, respectively.

Materials and methods

The Hall and Van de Castle Coding System (HVCCS), complemented by two global rating scales, as well as the Zurich Dream Process Coding System (ZDPCS) were applied to one dream of a patient with impairments in personality functioning.

Results

The comparison of both approaches reveals clear differences with respect to theoretical presuppositions, coding material, evaluation categories, norm data, time course of dream content, and economic as well as sample size considerations. For instance, while the HVCCS is distinguished by its economic applicability, the ZDPCS allows for a detailed reconstruction of the dynamic development of the dream plot.

Conclusion

Only precise knowledge of the specific characteristics of different approaches to dream content allows researchers to adequately define their analytic strategy.
Computational Evaluation of Cut-Strengthening Techniques in Logic-Based Benders’ Decomposition
Authors: Saken Aigerim , Karlsson Emil , Maher Stephen J. , Rönnberg Elina
Published: August 2023

Cut-strengthening techniques have a significant impact on the computational effectiveness of the logic-based Benders’ decomposition (LBBD) scheme. While there have been numerous cut-strengthening techniques proposed, very little is understood about which techniques achieve the best computational performance for the LBBD scheme. This is typically due to implementations of LBBD being problem specific, and thus, no systematic study of cut-strengthening techniques for both feasibility and optimality cuts has been performed. This paper aims to provide guidance for future researchers with the presentation of an extensive computational study of five cut-strengthening techniques that are applied to three different problem types. The computational study involving 3000 problem instances shows that cut-strengthening techniques that generate irreducible cuts outperform the greedy algorithm and the use of no cut strengthening. It is shown that cut strengthening is a necessary part of the LBBD scheme, and depth-first binary search and deletion filter are the most effective cut-strengthening techniques.
Dynamic Systems and Control Engineering
Authors: Jalili Nader , Candelino Nicholas W.
Published: August 2023

Using a step-by-step approach, this textbook provides a modern treatment of the fundamental concepts, analytical techniques, and software tools used to perform multi-domain modeling, system analysis and simulation, linear control system design and implementation, and advanced control engineering. Chapters follow a progressive structure, which builds from modeling fundamentals to analysis and advanced control while showing the interconnections between topics, and solved problems and examples are included throughout. Students can easily recall key topics and test understanding using Review Note and Concept Quiz boxes, and over 200 end-of-chapter homework exercises with accompanying Concept Keys are included. Focusing on practical understanding, students will gain hands-on experience of many modern MATLAB® tools, including Simulink® and physical modeling in Simscape™. With a solutions manual, MATLAB® code, and Simulink®/Simscape™ files available online, this is ideal for senior undergraduates taking courses on modeling, analysis and control of dynamic systems, as well as graduates studying control engineering.
Constructing Risk through Jurisdictional Talk: The Ontario Review Board Process under Part XX.1 of the Criminal Code
Authors: Shaw Joshua D. M. , King Tyler J. , Kennedy Liam
Published: August 2023

The Ontario Review Board (ORB) makes and reviews dispositions that limit the freedoms of individuals found not criminally responsible (NCR) due to a “mental disorder.” Their dispositions must be responsive to the risk NCR individuals pose to the public. To assess how risk is measured, the authors studied twenty-six publicly accessible court files pertaining to the appeal of ORB dispositions. The authors studied hospital reports, the ORB’s dispositions, and transcripts of ORB hearings found in the court files. In this paper, the authors draw on institutional ethnography and critical legal theories of jurisdiction to analyze how certain citational practices—namely citation of closely related statutes and the ORB’s procedures—participate in structuring the ORB’s analysis of risk. The authors argue that risk becomes legible to participants in the NCR process through the intertextual mediation of these citations, which legitimize and naturalize the NCR individuals’ dependence on forensic institutions.
The pacifist and the hypophysical: A cosmological reading of Gandhi
Authors: Sreekumar Anand
Published: August 2023

Amidst the resurgence of scholarship on pacifism, this essay seeks to critically interrogate certain influential sections within pacifism which characterise Gandhi as a pacifist, and his philosophy as pacifism. After pointing out the shortcomings of existing attempts to problematise the pacifist connotations of Gandhi, I adopt a cosmological approach to reading Gandhi. I argue that such an approach enables us to view the uncritical equation of both strands of thought as symptomatic of the deep-rooted ontological, epistemological, and other biases informing Western cosmology. This is demonstrated by the channels through which Gandhian discourses are framed as pacifism (especially in their diffusion into the American context), via a distinct set of interactions with both the religious and secular cosmological background assumptions underpinning pacifism. In the subsequent section, I continue this approach by highlighting how an alternate relational cosmology – Gandhian hypophysics – with a radically different set of background assumptions results in an idiosyncratic notion of Gandhian ideas which are quite inimical to pacifism. Besides reconciling contradictory characterisations of the same man and his philosophy, as well as contributing to a dialogic, pluriversal approach, I argue that this work also seeks to extend the scholarship on the interrelated themes of agency and cosmology.