bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação do Desempenho Docente
Authors: Locatelli Cleomar
Published: June 2023

O artigo trata da avaliação do desempenho docente, pela sua abordagem no planejamento educacional e na regulação que recebe no estado do Tocantins. O objetivo é analisar concepções e iniciativas que orientaram e/ou regulamentaram a avaliação do trabalho dos (as) professores (as) em nível nacional e regional, tendo em vista suas perspectivas no sentido de favorecer processos de desenvolvimento profissional permanente. Trata-se de um estudo com base em discussão teórica e pesquisa documental, consultando, sobretudo, o planejamento educacional (nacional e regional) e a Instrução Normativa (IN-TO 002/2017) que regulamenta a avaliação no âmbito do estado do Tocantins. Constata-se que as ações institucionais em curso não são orientadas para a profissionalização e autonomia docente.  Nos planejamentos analisados há um conjunto de indicações que priorizam os resultados dos testes de aprendizado e a participação da família na avaliação do desempenho docente. A regulação no estado do Tocantins institui um processo de avaliação pela gestão, pelos pares e de autoavaliação, sem especificar o foco das avaliações, o envolvimento docente na construção dos instrumentos e os fluxos com repercussões dos resultados.
Pensamento computacional em movimento
Authors: Ferraz Trancoso Fabiano , Dos Santos Silva Flaviana , Lindote Botelho Peixoto Jurema
Published: June 2023

Este artigo pretende apresentar um recorte dos resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado que teve como objetivo investigar as possíveis implicações do pensamento computacional no estudo das relações funcionais para promover a construção do conceito de função afim por meio do software Scratch. A intervenção de ensino ocorreu com estudantes do 1º ano do ensino médio do curso técnico em Administração de uma escola no município de Ilhéus/BA. Para tanto, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa de caráter quase experimental na qual se considerou os aportes teóricos do Pensamento Computacional e a utilização de Metodologias Ativas. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização do software Scratch a partir da produção de narrativas digitais contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional, a compreensão do conceito de variável, a relação de dependência entre as variáveis e a lei de formação da função afim. Além disso, o uso do software trouxe motivação para envolver os estudantes no ensino matemática com autonomia.
Gallery Walk Online na formação de professores formadores
Authors: Ribeiro Sandro Jorge Tavares , Santos Edméa
Published: June 2023

Este artigo é parte do contexto da Pesquisa Institucional de doutoramento em andamento e intitulada “Formação de professores formadores da Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Rio de Janeiro na pandemia da covid-19: uma ciberpesquisa-formação”. Aflora a partir dos dilemas da formação de professores formadores e pesquisa no contexto da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Como arcabouço teórico-metodológico, lançamos mão da ciberpesquisa-formação e da escolarização aberta como estratégia de fazer/pensar. Neste contexto, apresentamos um dos dispositivos acionados denominado Gallery Walk online para compreender como professores formadores se formaram a partir da partilha de narrativas durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus e à luz da noção de escolarização aberta. Aborda o processo de aprender e ensinar a partir dos dilemas dos formadores da Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nossos achados apontam na direção de que essa experiência formacional se mostrou potente para a produção de conhecimento dos professores formadores da Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Rio de Janeiro, à luz das possibilidades hiper midiáticas, da interatividade, da colaboração, da cocriação e da hipertextualidade.
The fall of the pink tide: lessons for the contemporary left
Authors: Kurlandt Przemysław
Published: June 2023

The article is focused on reviewing the performance of left-wing governments that dominated Latin America at the beginning of the 21st century. The purpose is to identify and analyse significant shortcomings and challenges faced by pink tide governments in relation to social progress, economic development and regional integration. Drawing from previous studies and reports on social progress, development, political economy, and regionalism, I argue that the left fell short of its promise to tackle inequality sustainably and comprehensively. Moreover, the pink tide failed to ensure stable economic growth due to over-reliance on natural-resource exports and was not successful in strengthening regional cooperation. Nowadays, six major Latin American economies are run by the left, which some perceive as a resurgence of the pink tide. Based on the analysis of the experiences and factors that contributed to the political decline of the original pink tide, the article provides key lessons for the new generation of Latin American left-wing governments. By using an explanatory and comparative research method, I examine the social, economic and political context of the region with the purpose of juxtaposing the two waves, highlighting present challenges faced by regional actors, and offering recommendations for the contemporary Latin American decision-makers.
El reggaetón y el disco polo como ejemplos de la música popular – un estudio comparativo
Authors: Szukalska Natalia
Published: June 2023

El trabajo aborda la relación entre la música popular y la vida sociopolítica a través de un estudio comparativo de dos géneros musicales: el reggaetón y el disco polo. Basándose en el análisis de fuentes primarias como letras de canciones, videoclips, así como fuentes secundarias (artículos científicos), se presentan diferencias y similitudes en características de ambos géneros, centrándose en las funciones sociales. Se analizan acontecimientos concretos de la vida sociopolítica de Puerto Rico y Polonia que fueron acompañados por el uso de canciones de ambos géneros. Este análisis sirve para reflexionar sobre el potencial de la música popular para contribuir al cambio social y político.
Smart Aquaponics System for Oreochromis niloticus Production
Authors: Egnalig Carl Jason E. , Jamero Olzov M. , Tampong Abegail Praise D. , Bacarro Robert R. , Dumaguit Ferie Ann M. , Cañete Larry Angelo R.
Published: June 2023

Surigao City, found in the Northeastern part of Mindanao and facing the Pacific Ocean, boasts an abundance of fish; however, their prices are still high. This situation is due to the limited supply of freshwater fish, specifically Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which is attributed to fishermen continuing to employ traditional fishpond methods. Considering this, the aim of this research is to design and develop a smart aquaponics system that incorporates recirculating aquaponics system (RAS) technology. The aim is to enhance the supply of Tilapia in the market. To achieve this, a developmental research design has been employed to create an efficient aquaponics system. The project incorporates two microcontrollers and multiple sensors to check essential parameters such as pH level, total dissolved solids, temperature, and water level. The study's results show a remarkable 6% fish growth, consistent operation of the system's circuit functions and water circulation, real-time data logging eased by the application software, and a power consumption of 193 watts. To examine the data acquired from the study, the researchers employed statistical methods such as mean, standard deviation, and frequency count. The tables and figures contain information on the system's hardware and software requirements, Tilapia growth characteristics, and a data overview of all sensor readings. The findings reveal that the smart aquaponics system could produce considerable growth of Tilapia within the tank while preserving fish development factors such as pH, salinity, total dissolved solids, temperature, and tank water level. The system likewise consumes less electricity and was rated "very acceptable" based on quantitative overall findings. These findings lead to the conclusion that Tilapia can effectively mass-produced using this aquaponics system. However, further research is necessary to prove a correlation between Tilapia grown in the smart aquaponics system and those raised through traditional fishpond methods.
Rhetoric in Communication: A Tool for Collective Bargaining and Industrial Harmony
Authors: Onwumere Alexander A. , Amadi Andrew Ndiwe
Published: June 2023

This article examined rhetoric in communication as a tool for collective bargaining and industrial harmony. Factually, industrial crises, disagreement and consequential disharmony seem to have, over some reckoned time, characterized the industrial system. This syndrome has, in a significant way, affected not only the relationship between employers and employees but also the productivity of the staffers. Enviable profit-making and productivity is the utmost objective of any given institution, company and other establishments, be it the private or public sector. But the primary essence of the existence of such an establishment is often thwarted by industrial disharmony. The objective of this research is to investigate the role of rhetoric in collective bargaining and industrial harmony. The aims were to establish the integral bond among rhetoric, collective bargaining and industrial harmony, examine the important role of good oratorical habit in resolving industrial disharmony, and the import of the achieved harmony in an organization’s productivity. The research was anchored on the three theories of rhetoric: Ethos (which appeal to authority), Pathos, (which appeal to emotions) and Logos (which appeal to reason, logic, and the word) and the Behavioural Management theory. While Rhetorical theory takes care of the ethics of respect for all parties, their emotions and qualitative logical arguments, the Behavioural Management theory emphasizes the vitality of social interactions and employee satisfaction in the workplace for optimal achievement of the organization’s goals. Recommendations were made among which are the adoption of a dynamic approach and the maintenance of good communication system in the course of collective bargaining for sustainable communication and desired productivity.
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil from Different Villages of Sundar Nagar Block of Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Priksha  , Swaroop Narendra , David Arun A. , Thomas Tarence , Mohanta Satya Ranjan
Published: June 2023

One of the most popular phrases in agriculture is the term “Soil Health and Soil Quality.” Agricultural sustainability is being dependent on soil health. Soil quality assessment is of paramount importance to know the appropriate management practices to be adopted for sustainable crop production. Soil samples were collected from Sunder Nagar block of Mandi district on Oct. 2022 in three depths viz. 0-15,15-30 and 30-45 cm and analysed for their Physico-chemical parameters by using standard laboratory techniques. Soil health parameters were analyzed and the founding state that, texture of soil is sandy loam. Soil reaction was neutral to slightly alkaline with soil EC mostly below <1.0 dS m-1 significantly affect for better crop production. In the case of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of research area was found to be slightly low to medium while the range of potassium range was medium to high. The concentration levels of certain micronutrients were analyzed and the results indicate that zinc levels were low to slightly medium, copper levels were low to medium, iron levels were medium to high and manganese levels were medium to slightly high. For promoting the soil health and soil quality use of organic manure is recommended for fertilizer management.
Assessment of Macro and Micro Nutrients in Soil and Yield Attributes of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Teja Y. V. Brahma , David Arun Alfred , Thomas Tarence , Toppo Neha
Published: June 2023

The soil science central research farm at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences located in Prayagraj carried the experiment on the field during the Kharif season of the year 2022. The soil of experimental field is sandy loam in texture.  The plan involved using randomized block design to apply varying degrees of both large scale NPK supplements at concentrations ranging from (0%, 50% and 100%) as well as miniature Zn and Fe supplements also ranged from (0%, 50% and 100%). The significant results were found in T9 were organic carbon%, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium whereas we observed effective use of nutrient supplements growth and yield attributes are moderately in T9 gave the best outcomes concerning plant height, no. of branches, no. of seeds, seed weight and yield. The study recommended using natural excrements alongside with full dose of NPK Additionally, utilizing both 100% large-scale and 100% miniature supplements together has the greatest impact on maize growth when compared to any other.
Evaluation of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids under Agro- Climatic Conditions of Prayagraj, U.P, India: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Chajgotra Kanit , Singh Vikram , George Shruti Grace
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) during Kharif, 2022. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), organic carbon (0.75%), available N (269.96 kg/ha), available P (33.10 kg/ha), and available K (336 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice, consisting of twenty hybrids i.e., R-24, R-40, R-48, R-53, R-77, R-107, R-111, R-120, R-127, R-145, R-152, R-160, R-165, R-170, R-180, R-190, R-196, R-205, R-210, R-212. Based on the objective taken maximum plant height (121.44 cm), number of tillers (15.81), plant dry weight (57.01 g/plant), tillers/m2 (391.28), panicle length (29.28 cm), filled grains (247.04), grain yield/hill (29.13 g), seed yield (5.82 t/ha), stover yield (13.95 t/ha) and were recorded significantly higher in hybrid R-151.
Comparative Study of Metagenomic Profile of Bacteria Strains Present in an Abandoned Artisanal Refinery Site, in Obi-Ayagha Community, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Laurelta Esivweneta Tudararo-Aherobo, , Folawe Okorhi, Beatrice
Published: June 2023

Aim: The aim of the study is to identify and compare the bacteria strains present in the control and Hydrocarbon impacted soil samples in the abandoned artisanal refinery site located in Obi-Ayagha community, Delta State, using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.

Place and Duration of Study: The Hydrocarbon impacted soil was collected from the abandoned artisanal refinery site located in Obi-Ayagha community and analysed in the advanced research laboratory of the Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun between 2022 and 2023.

Methodology: In the present study, soil samples were collected from five points to cover the expanse of the site, from depths of 0–15 cm of the abandoned artisanal site and composited. The bacterial community profile was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and the bacteria species were identified from Kingdom to species level.

Results: Taxonomical classification of bacteria, revealed the most abundant organisms present in each kingdom, phyla, class, in the contaminated and uncontaminated (control) samples. The dominant species at phylum-level microbial diversity identified in the petroleum-contaminated and  uncontaminated site, is depicted by the dominant groups and were found to be the Actinobacteriota (21.94%) for the control in comparison the Firmicutes dominated the phylum with percentage occurrence of (99.86%) for the test samples. At the class level, the dominant group was Alphaproteobacteria (16.48%) for the control, while Bacilli dominated the class showing (99.76%) for the test samples.

Conclusion: Metagenomic profiling helps to predict the presence and relative abundances of microbes in a sample, which is a critical step in microbiome analysis.
Assessment of Regional Nursing Home Preparedness for and Regulatory Responsiveness to Wildfire Risk in the Western US
Authors: Festa Natalia , Throgmorton Kaitlin Fender , Davis-Plourde Kendra , Dosa David M. , Chen Kai , Zang Emma , Kelly Jill , Gill Thomas M.
Published: June 2023

Importance

It is uncertain whether emergency preparedness and regulatory oversight for US nursing homes are aligned with local wildfire risk.

Objective

To evaluate the likelihood that nursing homes at elevated risk of wildfire exposure meet US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) emergency preparedness standards and to compare the time to reinspection by exposure status.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study of nursing homes in the continental western US from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2019, was conducted using cross-sectional and survival analyses. The prevalence of high-risk facilities within 5 km of areas at or exceeding the 85th percentile of nationalized wildfire risk across areas overseen by 4 CMS regional offices (New Mexico, Mountain West, Pacific/Southwest, and Pacific Northwest) was determined. Critical emergency preparedness deficiencies cited during CMS Life Safety Code Inspections were identified. Data analysis was performed from October 10 to December 12, 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome classified whether facilities were cited for at least 1 critical emergency preparedness deficiency during the observation window. Regionally stratified generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate associations between risk status and the presence and number of deficiencies, adjusted for nursing home characteristics. For the subset of facilities with deficiencies, differences in restricted mean survival time to reinspection were evaluated.

Results

Of the 2218 nursing homes in this study, 1219 (55.0%) were exposed to elevated wildfire risk. The Pacific/Southwest had the highest percentage of both exposed (680 of 870 [78.2%]) and unexposed (359 of 486 [73.9%]) facilities with 1 or more deficiencies. The Mountain West had the largest difference in the percentage of exposed (87 of 215 [40.5%]) vs unexposed (47 of 193 [24.4%]) facilities with 1 or more deficiencies. Exposed facilities in the Pacific Northwest had the greatest mean (SD) number of deficiencies (4.3 [5.4]). Exposure was associated with the presence of deficiencies in the Mountain West (odds ratio [OR], 2.12 [95% CI, 1.50-3.01]) and the presence (OR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.55-2.18]) and number (rate ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.06-1.83]) of deficiencies in the Pacific Northwest. Exposed Mountain West facilities with deficiencies were reinspected later, on average, than unexposed facilities (adjusted restricted mean survival time difference, 91.2 days [95% CI, 30.6-151.8 days]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, regional heterogeneity in nursing home emergency preparedness for and regulatory responsiveness to local wildfire risk was observed. These findings suggest that there may be opportunities to improve the responsiveness of nursing homes to and regulatory oversight of surrounding wildfire risk.
Water Pollution
Authors: Moran Sean
Published: June 2023

Water is ubiquitous and vital to life. Though it is recycled naturally through the environment, the water used by people may contain high levels of “natural” pollutants from human and animal wastes, and “artificial” pollutants in the form of naturally derived materials discharged to environment by human activity, and synthetic chemicals produced only by human activity. Pollutants in wastewater and runoff arising from human activity can overwhelm any local natural detoxification ability of the environment. Such wastewater is therefore commonly required to be characterized and treated, for reuse or safe discharge to environment. The degree of treatment required to allow the discharge of a given pollutant is set by legislation, which is in turn a matter for politicians, rather than engineers. There is in many developed countries great political pressure for legislators to set the required standards for any water discharged to environment after use by humans very stringently, even for substances not shown to cause any harm. As each additional increment in the degree of treatment costs more than the last, this has the potential to add very considerably to the cost of chemical processing industry.
Water
Authors: Moran Sean
Published: June 2023

Water is a paradoxical chemical. It is cheap and precious, simple and complex. Water is ubiquitous, but freshwater is rare. Water engineers can produce water suitable for human consumption from suitable sources for only a few cents per tonne. Water resources are renewable, yet finite and scarce. Water's physical and chemical properties are highly anomalous, though we take them for granted—as we must—since all life depends upon them. Water is useful in the process industries by virtue of these anomalous characteristics. Water is an excellent solvent and heat transfer medium and is also a component of many products. There is no other relatively cheap, readily available, non‐toxic material capable of carrying out the tasks that are required and expected of water. Each of these duties will however require a different grade of water and by implication a different degree and type of water treatment.
Convergence of optimal linear filter with time‐correlated fading channel and channel noise
Authors: Liu Wei , Shi Peng , Liu Wenqiang , Lu Shan
Published: June 2023

This paper considers the problem of convergence for the optimal linear filter with time‐correlated fading channel and channel noise (TCFCCN) proposed in Liu et al. A novel time‐varying random vector is defined where the vector includes the state error, the innovation, the fading state error and a small portion of the new measurement's noise. Based on studying the convergence of the time‐varying matrix obtained from the defined random vector, the optimal linear filter's convergence conditions are established. It is pointed out that, under proper conditions, the optimal linear filter is convergent and a set's each element converges to a unique fixed point. Two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the obtained theoretical results's effectiveness.
Modeling and adaptive control strategy of hybrid microgrid based on virtual synchronous generator
Authors: Wang Jianfeng , Ramli Nurulazlina , Aziz Noor Hafizah Abdul
Published: June 2023

Aiming at large system operation fluctuations caused by the technical control of virtual synchronous generators, this article studies the introduction of interface converter control power, builds a virtual synchronous generator (VSG)‐based hybrid microgrid model and adaptive control strategy. Finally it optimizes it with fuzzy logic to obtain an fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based adaptive VSG control strategy. The experimental results show that under the FLC‐based adaptive VSG control strategy, in the reverse current mode, the system regression time is 0.37 s, and the DC bus voltage is 6.5 V; In the rectification mode, the system regression time is 0.49 s, and the DC bus voltage is 2.1 V. The results obtained are faster than the traditional VSG control strategy, and the DC bus voltage is 42.48%–68.66% lower. In summary, the suggested control approach is effective and reliable under the two operation modes, which can make the system operate safely and stably.
Nucleation and Location of Kirkendall Voids at the Tin‐Based Solder/Copper Joint: A Review
Authors: Pal Manoj Kumar , Bajaj Vineet
Published: June 2023

Void nucleation is a critical issue in wetting because it negatively impacts the solder joint and diminishes its electrical and mechanical properties. Generally, the Kirkendall effect (unbalanced diffusion) and Kirkendall voids (KVs) are developed due to dissimilar diffusivities of species (Cu and Sn) in a diffusion process. However, voids are also nucleated in the supersaturating condition, creating an additional position at or inside the “Kirkendall voids” interface. Various factors (surface modification, reinforcement of fourth elements, substrate type, and impurities) and the environment also support the nucleation of voids. Many researchers have discussed that KVs are nucleated into to intermetallic compounds layers. Reviewing the significant parameters for developing the KV in solid–liquid and solid–solid conditions is essential. Hence, in this review, the potential process of development of the KVs, concepts of thermodynamics, chemical reactions, and growth kinetics are developed. The position and reduction of KVs nucleation are also explained in this paper.
In Situ Engineering of a Cobalt‐free Perovskite Air Electrode Enabling Efficient Reversible Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Reactions
Authors: Hu Tong , Zhu Feng , Xia Jiaojiao , He Fan , Du Zhiwei , Zhou Yucun , Liu Ying , Wang Haobing , Chen Yu
Published: June 2023

Reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R‐PCECs) have received increasing focus for their good capability of converting and storing energy. However, the widely used cobalt‐based air electrodes are less thermomechanically compatible with the electrolyte and lack stability, which largely limits the development of R‐PCECs. Herein, a cobalt‐free perovskite with a nominal composition of PrBa0.8Ca0.2Fe1.8Ce0.2O6δ (PBCFC) is reported, which is in–situ engineered to a (Ba, Ce) deficient‐PBCFC phase, a BaCeO3, and a CeO2 phase under typical operating conditions, delivering a low area–specific resistance of 0.10 Ωcm2 at 700 oC. The generated BaCeO3 and CeO2 particles increase the conduction/transfer of protons and oxygen ions, thus providing extra active sites for the oxygen reactions. When utilized as an air electrode on a single cell, it achieves encouraging performance at 700 °C: a peak power density of 1.78 Wcm−2 and a current density of 5.00 Acm−2 at 1.3 V in the dual mode of the fuel cell (FC) and electrolysis (EL) mode with reasonable Faradaic efficiencies. In addition, the cells exhibit favorable operational durability of 65 h (FC mode), 95 h (EL mode), and promising cycling stability of 200 h.
Liquid Metal Actuators: A Comparative Analysis of Surface Tension Controlled Actuation
Authors: Liao Jiahe , Majidi Carmel , Sitti Metin
Published: June 2023

Liquid metals, with their unique combination of electrical and mechanical properties, offer great opportunities for actuation based on surface tension modulation. Thanks to the scaling laws of surface tension, which can be electrochemically controlled at low voltages, liquid metal actuators stand out from other soft actuators for their remarkable characteristics such as high contractile strain rates and higher work densities at smaller length scales. This review summarizes the principles of liquid metal actuators and discusses their performance as well as theoretical pathways toward higher performances. The objective is to provide a comparative analysis of the ongoing development of liquid metal actuators. The design principles of the liquid metal actuators are analyzed, including low‐level elemental principles (kinematics and electrochemistry), mid‐level structural principles (reversibility, integrity, and scalability), and high‐level functionalities. A wide range of practical use cases of liquid metal actuators from robotic locomotion and object manipulation to logic and computation is reviewed. From an energy perspective, strategies are compared for coupling the liquid metal actuators with an energy source toward fully untethered robots. The review concludes by offering a roadmap of future research directions of liquid metal actuators.
Insight on the Intracellular Supramolecular Assembly of DTTO: A Peculiar Example of Cell‐Driven Polymorphism
Authors: Aloisio Ludovico , Moschetta Matteo , Boschi Alex , Fleitas Ariel García , Zangoli Mattia , Venturino Ilaria , Vurro Vito , Magni Arianna , Mazzaro Raffaello , Morandi Vittorio , Candini Andrea , D'Andrea Cosimo , Paternò Giuseppe Maria , Gazzano Massimo , Lanzani Guglielmo , Di Maria Francesca
Published: June 2023

The assembly of supramolecular structures within living systems is an innovative approach for introducing artificial constructs and developing biomaterials capable of influencing and/or regulating the biological responses of living organisms. By integrating chemical, photophysical, morphological, and structural characterizations, it is shown that the cell‐driven assembly of 2,6‐diphenyl‐3,5‐dimethyl‐dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene‐4,4‐dioxide (DTTO) molecules into fibers results in the formation of a “biologically assisted” polymorphic form, hence the term bio‐polymorph. Indeed, X‐ray diffraction reveals that cell‐grown DTTO fibers present a unique molecular packing leading to specific morphological, optical, and electrical properties. Monitoring the process of fiber formation in cells with time‐resolved photoluminescence, it is established that cellular machinery is necessary for fiber production and a non‐classical nucleation mechanism for their growth is postulated. These biomaterials may have disruptive applications in the stimulation and sense of living cells, but more crucially, the study of their genesis and properties broadens the understanding of life beyond the native components of cells.
PAF‐6 Doped with Phosphoric Acid through Alkaline Nitrogen Atoms Boosting High‐Temperature Proton‐Exchange Membranes for High Performance of Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang Liying , Wang Yuliang , Li Zhangnan , Li Tianyang , Zhang Ruyu , Li Jing , Liu Baijun , Lv Zhongyuan , Cai Weiwei , Sun Shuhui , Hu Wei , Lu Yunfeng , Zhu Guangshan
Published: June 2023

High‐temperature proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) can offer improved energy efficiency and tolerance to fuel/air impurities. The high expense of the high‐temperature proton‐exchange membranes (HT‐PEMs) and their low durability at high temperature still impede their further practical applications. In this work, a phosphoric acid (PA)‐doped porous aromatic framework (PAF‐6‐PA) is incorporated into poly[2,2′‐(p‐oxydiphenylene)‐5,5′‐benzimidazole] (OPBI) to fabricate novel PAF‐6‐PA/OPBI composite HT‐PEMs through solution‐casting. The alkaline nitrogen structure in PAF‐6 can be protonated with PA to provide proton hopping sites, and its porous structure can enhance the PA retention in the membranes, thus creating fast pathways for proton transfer. The hydrogen bond interaction between the rigid PAF‐6 and OPBI can also enhance the mechanical properties and chemical stability of the composite membranes. Consequently, PAF‐6‐PA/OPBI exhibits an optimal proton conductivity of 0.089 S cm−1 at 200 °C, and peak power density of 437.7 mW cm−2 (Pt: 0.3 mg cm−2), which is significantly higher than that of the OPBI.   The PAF‐6‐PA/OPBI provides a novel strategy for the practical application of PBI‐based HT‐PEMs.
Strong Magnetically‐Responsive Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence and X‐Ray Scintillation in Ultrarobust Mn(II)–Organic Helical Chains
Authors: Davydova Maria P. , Meng Lingqiang , Rakhmanova Mariana I. , Jia Zhenglin , Berezin Alexey S. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Lin Qianqian , Meng Hong , Artem'ev Alexander V.
Published: June 2023

Over recent years, Mn(II)‐organic materials showing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have attracted great interest because of their eco‐friendliness, cheapness, and room temperature phosphorescence. Using the helicity design strategy, herein, chiral Mn(II)‐organic helical polymers are constructed featuring long‐lived circularly polarized phosphorescence with exceptionally high glum and ΦPL magnitudes of 0.021% and 89%, respectively, while remaining ultrarobust toward humidity, temperature, and X‐rays. Equally important, it is disclosed for the first time that the magnetic field has a remarkably high negative effect on CPL for Mn(II) materials, suppressing the CPL signal by 4.2‐times at  = 1.6 T. Using the designed materials, UV‐pumped CPL light‐emitting diodes are fabricated, demonstrating enhanced optical selectivity under right‐ and left‐handed polarization conditions. On top of all this, the reported materials display bright triboluminescence and excellent X‐ray scintillation activity with a perfectly linear X‐ray dose rate response up to 174 µGyair s−1. Overall, these observations significantly contribute to the CPL phenomenon for multi‐spin compounds and promote the design of highly efficient and stable Mn(II)‐based CPL emitters.
Enhanced Multiwavelength Response of Flexible Synaptic Transistors for Human Sunburned Skin Simulation and Neuromorphic Computation
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Shuting , Qin Zongze , Hu Bin , Bu Laju , Lu Guanghao
Published: June 2023

In biological species, optogenetics and bioimaging work together to regulate the function of neurons. Similarly, the light‐controlled artificial synaptic system not only enhances computational speed but also simulates complex synaptic functions. However, reported synaptic properties are mainly limited to mimicking simple biological functions and single‐wavelength responses. Therefore, the development of flexible synaptic devices with multiwavelength optical signal response and multifunctional simulation remains a challenge. Here, flexible organic light‐stimulated synaptic transistors (LSSTs) enabled by alumina oxide (AlOX), with a simple fabrication process, are reported. By embedding AlOX nanoparticles, the excitons separation efficiency is improved, allowing for multiple wavelength responses. Optimized LSSTs can respond to multiple optical and electrical signals in a highly synaptic manner. Multiwavelength optical synaptic plasticity, electrical synaptic plasticity, sunburned skin simulation, learning efficiency model controlled by photoelectric cooperative stimulation, neural network computing, “deer” picture learning and memory functions are successfully proposed, which promote the development for future artificial intelligent systems. Furthermore, as prepared flexible transistors exhibit mechanical flexibility with bending radius down to 2.5 mm and improved photosynaptic plasticity, which facilitating development of neuromorphic computing and multifunction integration systems at the device‐level.
MoS2@Polyaniline for Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Supercapacitors
Authors: Dai Juguo , Yang Chunying , Xu Yiting , Wang Xiaohong , Yang Siyu , Li Dongxu , Luo Lili , Xia Long , Li Junshan , Qi Xueqiang , Cabot Andreu , Dai Lizong
Published: June 2023

Ammonium‐ion aqueous supercapacitors are raising notable attention owing to their cost, safety, and environmental advantages, but the development of optimized electrode materials for ammonium‐ion storage still lacks behind expectations. To overcome current challenges, here, a sulfide‐based composite electrode based on MoS2 and polyaniline (MoS2@PANI) is proposed as an ammonium‐ion host. The optimized composite possesses specific capacitances above 450 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and 86.3% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles in a three‐electrode configuration. PANI not only contributes to the electrochemical performance but also plays a key role in defining the final MoS2 architecture. Symmetric supercapacitors assembled with such electrodes display energy densities above 60 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 725 W kg−1. Compared with Li+ and K+ ions, the surface capacitive contribution in NH4+‐based devices is lower at every scan rate, which points to an effective generation/breaking of H‐bonds as the mechanism controlling the rate of NH4+ insertion/de‐insertion. This result is supported by density functional theory calculations, which also show that sulfur vacancies effectively enhance the NH4+ adsorption energy and improve the electrical conductivity of the whole composite. Overall, this work demonstrates the great potential of composite engineering in optimizing the performance of ammonium‐ion insertion electrodes.
Integrating Enrichment, Reduction, and Oxidation Sites in One System for Artificial Photosynthetic Diluted CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yang Yan , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Wang Ya , Shao Lu‐Hua , Fang Liang , Dong Hong , Lu Meng , Dong Long‐Zhang , Lan Ya‐Qian , Zhang Feng‐Ming
Published: June 2023

Artificial photosynthetic diluted CO2 reduction directly driven by natural sunlight is a challenging, but promising way to realize carbon‐resources recycling utilization. Herein, a three‐in‐one photocatalytic system of CO2 enrichment, CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation sites is designed for diluted CO2 reduction. A Zn‐Salen‐based covalent organic framework (Zn‐S‐COF) with oxidation and reductive sites is synthesized; then, ionic liquids (ILs) are loaded into the pores. As a result, [Emim]BF4@Zn‐S‐COF shows a visible‐light‐driven CO2‐to‐CO conversion rate of 105.88 µmol g−1 h−1 under diluted CO2 (15%) atmosphere, even superior than most photocatalysts in high concentrations CO2. Moreover, natural sunlight driven diluted CO2 reduction rate also reaches 126.51 µmol g−1 in 5 h. Further experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the triazine ring in the Zn‐S‐COF promotes the activity of H2O oxidation and CO2 reduction sites, and the loaded ILs provide an enriched CO2 atmosphere, realizing the efficient photocatalytic activity in diluted CO2 reduction.
An All‐Printed, Fast‐Response Flexible Humidity Sensor Based on Hexagonal‐WO3 Nanowires for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Guo Panwang , Tian Bin , Liang Jing , Yang Xiuping , Tang Guilin , Li Quancai , Liu Qun , Zheng Ke , Chen Xiong , Wu Wei
Published: June 2023

The utilization of printing techniques for the development of high‐performance humidity sensors holds immense significance for various applications in the fields of the Internet of Things, agriculture, human healthcare, and storage environments. However, the long response time and low sensitivity of current printed humidity sensors limit their practical applications. Herein, a series of high‐sensing‐performance flexible resistive‐type humidity sensors is fabricated by the screen‐printing method, and hexagonal tungsten oxide (h‐WO3) is employed as the humidity‐sensing material due to its low cost, strong chemical adsorption ability, and excellent humidity‐sensing ability. The as‐prepared printed sensors exhibit high sensitivity, good repeatability, outstanding flexibility, low hysteresis, and fast response (1.5 s) in a wide relative humidity (RH) range (11–95% RH). Furthermore, the sensitivity of humidity sensors can be easily adjusted by altering the manufacturing parameters of the sensing layer and interdigital electrode to meet the diverse requirements of specific applications. The printed flexible humidity sensors possess immense potential in various applications, including wearable devices, non‐contact measurements, and packaging opening state monitoring.
Macrophage‐Hitchhiked Orally Administered β‐Glucans‐Functionalized Nanoparticles as “Precision‐Guided Stealth Missiles” for Targeted Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Hung , Nguyen Nhien , Huang Tun‐Yu , Lin Yu‐Jung , Yu Yu‐Tzu , Song Hsiang‐Lin , Wang Jui‐To , Nguyen Van Khanh , Chen Hsin‐Lung , Chu Li‐An , Chiang Hui‐Hua Kenny , Sung Hsing‐Wen
Published: June 2023

The prognosis in cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with current treatment modalities is poor owing to the highly desmoplastic tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a β‐glucans‐functionalized zinc–doxorubicin nanoparticle system (βGlus‐ZnD NPs) that can be orally administered, is developed for targeted PDAC therapy. Following oral administration in PDAC‐bearing mice, βGlus‐ZnD NPs actively target/transpass microfold cells, overcome the intestinal epithelial barrier, and then undergo subsequent phagocytosis by endogenous macrophages (βGlus‐ZnD@Mϕ). As hitchhiking cellular vehicles, βGlus‐ZnD@Mϕ transits through the intestinal lymphatic system and enters systemic circulation, ultimately accumulating in the tumor tissue as a result of the tumor‐homing and “stealth” properties that are conferred by endogenous Mϕ. Meanwhile, the Mϕ that hitchhikes βGlus‐ZnD NPs is activated to produce matrix metalloproteinases, destroying the desmoplastic stromal barrier, and differentiates toward the M1‐like phenotype, modulating the TME and recruiting effector T cells, ultimately inducing apoptosis of the tumor cells. The combination of βGlus‐ZnD@Mϕ and immune checkpoint blockade effectively inhibits the growth of the primary tumor and suppresses the development of metastasis. It thus represents an appealing approach to targeted PDAC therapy.
Kirigami Makes a Soft Magnetic Sheet Crawl
Authors: Duhr Pierre , Meier Yuki A. , Damanpack Alireza , Carpenter Julia , Studart André R. , Rafsanjani Ahmad , Demirörs Ahmet F.
Published: June 2023

Limbless crawling on land requires breaking symmetry of the friction with the ground and exploiting an actuation mechanism to generate propulsive forces. Here, kirigami cuts are introduced into a soft magnetic sheet that allow to achieve effective crawling of untethered soft robots upon application of a rotating magnetic field. Bidirectional locomotion is achieved under clockwise and counterclockwise rotating magnetic fields with distinct locomotion patterns and crawling speed in forward and backward propulsions. The crawling and deformation profiles of the robot are experimentally characterized and combined with detailed multiphysics numerical simulations to extract locomotion mechanisms in both directions. It is shown that by changing the shape of the cuts and orientation of the magnet the robot can be steered, and if combined with translational motion of the magnet, complex crawling paths are programed. The proposed magnetic kirigami robot offers a simple approach to developing untethered soft robots with programmable motion.
3D Printing of Ionogels with Complementary Functionalities Enabled by Self‐Regulating Ink
Authors: Huang Jiahui , Yu Zhenchuan , Wu Peiyi
Published: June 2023

Shaping soft and conductive materials into sophisticated architectures through 3D printing is driving innovation in myriad applications, such as robotic counterparts that emulate the synergic functions of biological systems. Although recently developed multi‐material 3D printing has enabled on‐demand creation of intricate artificial counterparts from a wide range of functional viscoelastic materials. However, directly achieving complementary functionalities in one ink design remains largely unexplored, given the issues of printability and synergy among ink components. In this study, an easily accessible and self‐regulating tricomponent ionogel‐based ink design to address these challenges is reported. The resultant 3D printed objects, based on the same component but with varying ratios of ink formulations, exhibit distinct yet complementary properties. For example, their Young's modulus can differ by three orders of magnitude, and some structures are rigid while others are ductile and viscous. A theoretical model is also employed for predicting and controlling the printing resolution. By integrating complementary functionalities, one further demonstrates a representative bioinspired prototype of spiderweb, which mimics the sophisticated structure and multiple functions of a natural spiderweb, even working and camouflaging underwater. This ink design strategy greatly extends the material choice and can provide valuable guidance in constructing diverse artificial systems by 3D printing.
Magnetic‐Electric Metamirror and Polarizing Beam Splitter Composed of Anisotropic Nanoparticles
Authors: Tuz Vladimir R. , Prokhorov Alexei V. , Shesterikov Alexander V. , Volkov Valentyn S. , Chichkov Boris N. , Evlyukhin Andrey B.
Published: June 2023

The emergence of new materials and fabrication techniques provides progress in the development of advanced photonic and communication devices. Transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., molybdenum disulfide, MoS2) are novel materials possessing unique physical and chemical properties promising for optical applications. In this paper, a metasurface composed of particles made of bulk MoS2 is proposed and numerically studied considering its operation in the near‐infrared range. In the bulk configuration, MoS2 has a layered structure being a uniaxial anisotropic crystal demonstrating an optical birefringence property. It is supposed that the large‐scale and uniform MoS2 layers are synthesized in a vertical‐standing morphology, and then they are patterned into a regular 2D array of disks to form a metasurface. The natural anisotropy of MoS2 is utilized to realize the splitting of electric and magnetic dipole modes of the disks while optimizing their geometric parameters to bring the desired modes into overlap. At the corresponding resonant frequencies, the metasurface behaves as either an electric or a magnetic mirror, depending on the polarization of incident light. Based on the extraordinary reflection characteristics of the proposed metasurface, it can be considered an alternative to traditional mirrors and optical splitters when designing compact and highly efficient metadevices, which provide polarization and phase manipulation of electromagnetic waves on a subwavelength scale.
Kooperative Lewis‐Säure‐1,2,3‐Triazolium‐Aryloxid‐Katalyse: Addition von Pyrazolonen an Nitroolefine als Zugang zu Diaminoamiden
Authors: Wanner Daniel M. , Becker Patrick M. , Suhr Simon , Wannenmacher Nick , Ziegler Slava , Herrmann Justin , Willig Felix , Gabler Julia , Jangid Khushbu , Schmid Juliane , Hans Andreas C. , Frey Wolfgang , Sarkar Biprajit , Kästner Johannes , Peters René
Published: June 2023

Pyrazolone repräsentieren ein strukturell wichtiges Motiv in vielen Wirkstoffen. Ihre asymmetrische Synthese ist daher gut untersucht. Trotzdem ist eine enantio‐ sowie diastereoselektive 1,4‐Addition an Nitroolefine, die Produkte mit benachbarten Stereozentren bildet, kaum bekannt. In diesem Artikel wird ein neuartiger, polyfunktioneller CuII‐1,2,3‐Triazolium‐Aryloxid‐Katalysator vorgestellt, der diese Reaktion mit hoher Stereokontrolle ermöglicht. DFT‐Studien zeigen hierbei, dass die Triazolium‐Einheit den Übergangszustand durch eine Wasserstoffbrücke des C(5)−H zum Nitroolefin stabilisiert, was die polyfunktionelle Aktivierung durch dieses System belegt. Weiterhin zeigt sich, dass der Katalysator durch eine intramolekulare Wasserstoffbrücke eine starre Käfig‐/ Poren‐Struktur ausbildet, wodurch Stereokontrolle erlangt wird. Kontrollsysteme in der Katalyse bestätigen hierbei die essenzielle Rolle des Triazoliums, Aryloxids sowie CuII, welche eine ausgeklügelte strukturelle Orchestrierung benötigen, um hoch effizient zu arbeiten. Die Additionsprodukte wurden verwendet um Pyrazolidinone durch chemoselektive C=N‐Reduktion zu bilden. Diese Heterozyklen konnten als Vorstufen zur Synthese von β,γ’‐Diaminoamiden durch chemoselektive Nitro‐ und N,N‐Bindungsreduktion genutzt werden. Morphologisches Profiling mittels Cell Painting Assay konnte die biologische Aktivität der Pyrazolidinone aufzeigen, wobei die Regulierung der DNA‐Synthese als potenzielle Wirkungsweise identifiziert wurde. Ein Produkt zeigte hierbei biologische Ähnlichkeit zu Camptothecin, einer Leitstruktur in der Krebstherapie.
Redox Reorganization: Aluminium Promoted 1,5‐Hydride Shifts Allow the Controlled Synthesis of Multisubstituted Cyclohexenes
Authors: Smith Lewis B. , Armstrong Roly J. , Hou Jingyan , Smith Edward , Sze Ming , Sterling Alistair J. , Smith Alex , Duarte Fernanda , Donohoe Timothy J.
Published: June 2023

An efficient synthesis of cyclohexenes has been achieved from easily accessible tetrahydropyrans via a tandem 1,5‐hydride shift–aldol condensation. We discovered that readily available aluminium reagents, e.g. Al2O3 or Al(OtBu)3 are essential for this process, promoting the 1,5‐hydride shift with complete regio‐ and enantiospecificity (in stark contrast to results obtained under basic conditions). The mild conditions, coupled with multiple methods available to access the tetrahydropyran starting materials makes this a versatile method with exceptional functional group tolerance. A wide range of cyclohexenes (>40 examples) have been prepared, many in enantiopure form, showing our ability to selectively install a substituent at each position around the newly forged cyclohexene ring. Experimental and computational studies revealed that aluminium serves a dual role in facilitating the hydride shift, activating both the alkoxide nucleophile and the electrophilic carbonyl group.