bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Securing Online Bank's Big Data Through Block Chain Technology
Authors: Narendra Kommu , Aghila G.
Published: August 2019

Many sectors and fields are being computerized to make the work paperless, more transparent, and efficient. Banking is one such sector that has undergone enormous changes. Any amount from any part to any corner of the world is now possible around the clock. The dependency on technology for providing the services necessitates security, and the additional risks involved in cross-border nature of transactions of banks poses new challenges for banking regulators and supervisors. Many types of research are going in this area of banks big data processing, data analytics, and providing security for cross-border payments to mitigate the risks. Block chain is one such advancement for addressing the challenges in financial services. This chapter provides a brief overview of block chain usage, addressing the traditional issues and challenges for cross-border transactions.
The Unheard Story of Organizational Motivations Towards User Privacy
Authors: Senarath Awanthika , Arachchilage Nalin Asanka Gamagedara
Published: August 2019

There could be numerous reasons that drive organizations to provide privacy protections to end users in the applications they develop and maintain. Organizational motivations towards privacy affects the quality of privacy received by end users. Understanding these motivations and the approaches taken by organizations towards privacy protection would assist the policymakers and regulators to define effective frameworks encouraging organizational privacy practices. This study focuses on understanding the motivations behind organizational decisions and the approaches they take to embed privacy into the software applications. The authors analyzed 40 organizations different in size, scope, scale of operation, nature of data used, and revenue. they identified four groups of organizations characterized by the approach taken to provide privacy protection to their users. The taxonomy contributes to the organizational perspective of privacy. The knowledge presented here would help addressing the challenges in the domain of user privacy in software applications and services.
Mobility and Service Innovation
Authors: Roy Jeffrey
Published: August 2019

This article examines the Canadian public sector's efforts to devise mobile service capacities predicated upon efficiency, engagement, and innovation, and how such capacities are intertwined with both the advent of Gov 2.0 and the inertia of traditional public administration. The author's primary focus is on the federal government (Government of Canada), with some additional consideration of provincial governments and inter-governmental dynamics as appropriate. Through three typologies of public sector governance (traditional public administration, new public management, and public value management), the author seeks to better understand these aforementioned tensions – and formulate fresh insights into how governments can pursue the leveraging of mobility as a basis for not only more efficient service delivery but also wider opportunities for public engagement and service innovation.
Development and Outcomes of a New Institutional Ranking System for Public Administration Research and Scholarship
Authors: Williams Adam M. , Slagle Derek R.
Published: August 2019

The focus of the chapter will be two-fold: concentration on input and outcomes of an international, institutional ranking for scholarship and research. After a review of the literature, the first portion will examine the development of a new objective institutional ranking system for public administration research and scholarship. Emphasis will be placed on differences and similarities from previous institutional ranking systems. The second portion will focus on the outcomes and resultant consequences – both intended and unintended – for development of an international ranking system away from traditional domestic methodologies based on reputational-subjective measures.
Not Forgetting the Public Servants
Authors: Woods Ronald
Published: August 2019

This chapter draws attention to the importance of the public service as a key agent in the implementation of subnational governance and development initiatives. A framework for teaching-learning and capacity-building more broadly is provided that builds on a model of decentralization implementation. This gives rise to a program of training that focuses on helping public servants: to improve their understandings of decentralization and on the country and its goals; to consider the design of the system of multi-level governance; to focus on both central and local capacity; and to adopt flexibility, supported by feedback mechanisms, in the process of decentralization. Each element is discussed in some detail, and illustrated by means of examples from the author's experience as an educator in Australia as well as contributor to initiatives in countries adopting federal systems of government, including Nepal, Indonesia, and Pakistan.
An Analytical Method to Audit Indian E-Governance System
Authors: Anand Darpan , Khemchandani Vineeta
Published: August 2019

E-Governance is the process of delivering public services to the citizens through the Information and Communication Technology with reliability, transparency and efficiency, without breaking the concept of cost-effectiveness. E-governance saves money, fuel and time of citizens by avoiding the visits of the government offices and on the other hand it saves money of government which is used for office maintenance. Though the concept of e-Governance was started in eighth decade of the 20th century, it entered the second phase (organized / wireless + satellite) in India with NeGP-1.0 in 2006. This article explores the growth and development of e-Governance in INDIA. The authors also present the analysis of the implemented e-Governance projects based on comparison with other regions of the world. Moreover, this paper also identifies the obstacles that need to be overcome to provide seamless access to the government services to the citizens.
Assessing the Influence of Actors on E-Government Policies
Authors: Cortés-Morales Roberto
Published: August 2019

E-government development, assumed as a public policy problem, has to consider political issues, where actors play a key role for success or failure on such policies. Several political theories admit the importance of actors in their approaches. Although there are efforts to formalize them, the model presented in this chapter looks to integrate a variety of proposals in the context of public policies. The application of the model to e-government cases on Chile and Costa Rica has shown that the characteristics of the process executed in a timeline (with their successes and failures) can be explained from actors' perspective. Issues like promoting new laws, the coordination of multiple agencies or the priority for projects on political context have to be solved with specific actors using their power resources. The explanations found could be considered for characterize future developments on e-government taking on account how critical is the actors' intervention.
Assessment of Levels and Interrelationships of ICT Deployment, Web Readiness, and Web Presence Quality of Nigerian E-Government Websites
Authors: Ogunsola Kemi , Tiamiyu Mutawakilu A.
Published: August 2019

Electronic government (e-government), facilitated through government websites are becoming the fastest delivery modes of government services, as they make services available to users, anywhere, anytime. Previous studies focused on the accessibility or quality of these websites in terms of web readiness and/or web presence quality measures. However, no known study has investigated the interrelationships among web readiness, web presence quality and information communication technology deployment for government services (ICT deployment) in Nigeria. The study used a questionnaire (test-retest Spearman r 0.79 for all construct items) to collect data from a sample of 117 public servants in 20 government agencies, on their knowledge of ICT deployment in their agencies; and a checklist for the content analysis of 207 Nigerian government websites, measuring their web readiness and web presence quality. The study recommended that government agencies should re-align ICT deployment with the information, services and features of their e-government websites.
Citizen's Adoption of an E-Government System
Authors: Alryalat Mohammad Abdallah Ali , Rana Nripendra P. , Dwivedi Yogesh K.
Published: August 2019

The study explores the adoption of an electronic government (e-government) system called online PAN card registration system (OPCRS) in context of India. The study validates the extended theory of reasoned action (TRA) to understand the impact of some of its factors on the citizen's intention to adopt this system. The proposed research model is extended with the variables including perceived usefulness, perceived trust, and self-efficacy as antecedents of attitude and subjective norm, which are the core constructs of the TRA. The eight hypotheses were formulated between six constructs of the proposed extended TRA. The proposed research model is validated using the usable sample of data gathered from 377 respondents. The data was analysed using AMOS 22.0. The empirical findings of the proposed research model indicated the significant relationships of all proposed hypotheses. The study also provides its limitations, future research directions, and implications for theory and practice toward the end.
Measuring Governance
Authors: Jankovic-Milic Vesna , Džunić Marija
Published: August 2019

The governance concept has become very popular in recent decades and in this regard has increased interest in measuring its quality. The most widely used measures of governance are World Governance Indicators, which represent composite perceptions-based indicators, published by World Bank Institute. There are six composite indicators and the data for constructing those indicators are obtained from 32 individual data sources. The objective of this chapter is to highlight the applicability of Grey Relational Analysis in the ranking of EU countries according to the governance quality. The Grey Relational Analysis entails calculation of Grey relational grade for governance quality. The final stage of the Grey Relational Analysis procedure involves ranking of EU countries according to Grey relational grade and their comparison with ranks obtained from World Bank Institute. The full contribution of Grey Relational Analysis arises on this stage, where ranks of countries have been changed.
Evidence of an Open Government Data Portal Impact on the Public Sphere
Authors: Lourenço Rui Pedro
Published: August 2019

Data portals are being created as part of open government strategies to increase transparency. But although the potential of the internet to increase transparency (as data disclosure) has been widely considered in the literature, there is no reported evidence of any of the released data actually being used by their ultimate recipients (citizens) for public accountability purposes. This descriptive research effort aims to find evidence of the impact of open government portals, asserting whether data is indeed being used and for what purposes. One contract portal was selected and Google Search was used to find portal references on the internet. A qualitative content analysis approach was adopted, whereby references were examined with respect to its main purpose and data usage. Evidence was found of contract data being used, among others, to identify possible situations of corruption, nepotism and misusage of public resources, support argumentation on public policy debates and, in general, to hold public officials accountable in the public sphere through ‘blame and shame' sanctions.
Public Organizations and Business Model Innovation
Authors: Lewandowski Mateusz
Published: August 2019

Improvement of public services and raising the citizens' quality of life is one of the biggest concerns of public sector. Changing the way public organizations operate could support such an improvement. In this regard, business model framework is an emerging field of research that could shed some new light. Yet, in case of public organizations, business model innovation remains heavily underexplored. The purpose of this chapter is threefold, to indicate and discuss the opportunities of adapting the business model innovation theory to public organizations, to conceptualize its theoretical framework, and to explore the role of public service design in the process of innovating public sector business models.
Use of Estimation and Control Techniques for Increasing of Efficiency Training for Public Officers in Russia
Authors: Nedelko Sergey , Eremina Ekaterina , Lukanina Yulia , Lukanin Artem , Osteshkov Alexander , Matyukin Sergey
Published: August 2019

This chapter focuses on the use of technology estimation and control applied in Modern E-Learning Systems for training of public officers in Russia. Due to the rapid development of innovative technology, implementation of information science and technology in the educational process, it becomes obvious problem of interaction between the participants in the educational process and organizations - employers. This problem is particularly acute, and has its own specific characteristics in the field of continuing professional education of public officers in Russia. The authors propose to solve the problem of increasing the effectiveness of the training creation of a system of continuous professional development, the improvement of information and technical support activities for continuous professional development, including through the creation of a single information resource, including an updated bank of basic programs and additional professional Bank methodical, analytical and informational materials on the most pressing issues of implementation of the state policy for self-education.
Ecologies of Information and Communication Technology Platform Design for E-Government Service Provision
Authors: Virkar Shefali
Published: August 2019

This research chapter, through the presentation of an empirical case study surrounding the implementation and use of an electronic property tax collection system in Bangalore (India), developed between 1998 and 2008, critically examines both the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in governmental reform processes and the contribution of such technologies to the deeper understanding of the social dynamics shaping e-government projects used to reform public sector institutions. Drawing on the theoretical perspectives of the ‘Ecology of Games' and ‘Design-Actuality Gaps', both of which recognise the importance of a multitude of diverse motives and individualistic behaviour as key factors influencing organisational reform and institutional change, the chapter contributes not just to an understanding of the role of ICTs in public administration reform, but also towards that emerging body of research which is critical of managerial rationalism for an organization as a whole, and is sensitive to an ecology of actors and their various motivations operating within the symbiotic organisation.
Major Issues Affecting Government Data and Information in Developing Countries
Authors: Zoughbi Saleem
Published: August 2019

The ever-developing technology is multifaceted, not only in technical specifications, but also in mode, type and characteristics. New technologies are designed and produced, new ways of using these technologies also are being suggested, tested and adopted. Telecommunications and digital technology provide today remarkable smart technologies that enable people to capture, process, maintain, disseminate and store efficiently all kinds of information at very fast speed, with high degree of efficiency and correctness. Much of government data collected are continuously affected by the development in such technology. Recent trends of technology currently and for 2017 and beyond have shown that the impact of such trends will enhance the impact on the way governments handle data. This chapter presents an overview of such trends. However, a common strategy for government data should be developed in a concise way that will guide the process of dealing with the trends of modern technologies. Therefore government data platform will adopt new technologies, new hardware and software but essentially the way government data is kept and managed still remain the same, just new tools have been adopted.
Tackling the ICT Infrastructure Gap for the Successful Implementation of E-Government Projects
Authors: Mensah Isaac Kofi
Published: August 2019

This article describes how the promised transformative reform agenda of e-government is challenged particularly due to the lack or non-availability of adequate ICT infrastructure and finances to successfully develop and implement e-government projects around the world. The One Belt One Road (B&R) strategy spearheaded by the Chinese Government has been identified as a potential funding source for e-government projects through ICT infrastructure investment. Adequate ICT infrastructure investment in member countries under the Belt and Road initiatives could reduce the huge ICT infrastructure gap hampering the execution of e-government programs. This article, therefore, recommends the formation of the Belt and Road ICT Infrastructure Investment Fund (B&R ICT Infrastructure Fund) under the OBOR strategy to allow member countries to source funds for the execution of e-government projects. This will not only drastically increase the completion/success rate of e-government projects but also translate into improved public service delivery and enhanced government interaction—engagement—with citizens and businesses.
Exploring Digitally Enabled Service Transformation in the Public Sector
Authors: Omar Amizan , El-Haddadeh Ramzi , Weerakkody Vishanth
Published: August 2019

Digitally Enabled Service Transformation (DEST) in the Public Sector (PS) offers a unique opportunity for public administration (PA) and information systems (IS) disciplines to interlace. Albeit complicating the deployment of a coherent analytical lens in its study, such uniqueness has formed a basis to enable a deviance in the theoretical selection. Interestingly, there has been a gradual move from the adoption of native PA/IS theories towards imported social sciences theories including Institutional and Structuration. Institutional Theory provides a way of viewing and explaining why and how institutions emerge in a certain way within a given context. The theory however is being criticized for its structural biasness, as it avoids explanations situated at individual or same level of analysis. Such gap is filled with the adoption of Structuration Theory, which also focuses on how structures - as micro-institutional foundation, arise, or are maintained through co-evolution of actions and institutions. The fusion of concepts from both theories would potentially maximise the debates on DEST in PS across diverse perspectives, and continue to keep the ‘research talking' by revealing novel insights.
Cloud Computing Technologies for Open Connected Government
Authors: Mahmood Zaigham
Published: August 2019

Cloud Computing is an attractive paradigm for organisations that have a requirement to process large scalable distributed applications. It allows for self-provisioning of cloud resources to develop and host applications as well as acquire storage and networking resources. Connected Government (c-government) is an area where cloud technologies can be effectively used to achieve the benefits that the cloud paradigm promises. Social Media, Web 2.0 and mobile technologies can all help to further enhance the connected government capabilities. Using such technologies, governments and citizens can engage in real time in the electronic participation of a government's functioning. In this chapter, we introduce the cloud paradigm and then discussing the requirements of c-government, we outline how cloud technologies can help to achieve an open and transparent c-government. The aim is to provide the basics of relationship between c-government and cloud computing to set the scene for other contributions in this volume.
Revisiting Local Governments and Social Networking
Authors: Merwin Jr. Gerald A. , McDonald J. Scott , Merwin Keith A. , McDonald Maureen , Bennett Jr. John R.
Published: August 2019

This chapter argues that Web 2.0, a valuable tool used to expand government-citizen communication opportunities and bring citizens as a group closer to government, widens a communication opportunity divide between local government and its citizens. Web 2.0 access is almost exclusively English-language based, benefiting that segment of the population and leaving behind others, especially the fastest growing language minority of Spanish speakers. While local governments are increasingly taking advantage of the trend toward interacting with citizens through social networking (Aikins, 2009; Vogel, 2009), McDonald, Merwin, Merwin, Morris, & Brannen (2010) found a majority of counties with significant populations of citizens with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) do not provide for the translation needs of these citizens on their Websites. The chapter finds that Web 2.0-based communication is almost exclusively in English and that cities are missing opportunities to communicate. It concludes with recommendations based on observations of communities employing Web 2.0 to engage non-English speaking populations.
Designing a Semantic Tool to Evaluate Web Content of Government Websites
Authors: Thomas Manoj A. , Alalwan Jaffar A.
Published: August 2019

E-government initiatives provide enormous volume of information via online content. As public information changes over time due to changes in laws and regulations, maintaining the currency and consistency of the web content becomes acutely important. Government agencies have to regularly evaluate the web content (WC) to ensure high quality of information available to the citizens, businesses and public administrators. Currently there exists no standardized approach for monitoring and maintaining WC. By analyzing the guidelines of three government organizations, the authors develop WC ontology for the systematic and formal representation of the concepts and functions in evaluating web content. An ontology-based evaluation tool is proposed that can be used to improve the quality of web content and efficiency of the evaluation process. The ontological approach holds promising features and benefits including information sharing, reducing time and paper work during evaluation, assuring more accurate results, and communicating evaluation results to knowledge engineers, public administrators, evaluators and decision makers associated with e-government initiatives.
The Effects of International Openness on the Public Sector Growth
Authors: Özdemir Ali R.
Published: August 2019

Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with panel corrected standard errors for OECD panel data this chapter, in contrast to Compensation hypothesis, finds a negative relationship between openness and the rate of public sector growth. In addition, this inverse relationship is found to be the strongest when electoral systems are more competitive. The empirical results presented here also suggests that openness constrains government growth more when the governments are run by either left-leaning parties or by left-leaning coalitions. This result holds for most measures of government spending and is robust to the inclusion of a wide range of controls. Unlike the existing empirical literature, which focuses on the ‘compensation effect' of openness on government growth, this study supports the ‘competition effect' of openness drawn from the literature on local public finance.
The Understanding of Public Service Ethics in Turkish Municipalities
Authors: Sadioglu Ugur , Omurgonulsen Ugur
Published: August 2019

Recent legal regulations provided more authorities and resources to municipalities, meanwhile corruption and unethical conduct cases were experienced more in the municipalities in Turkey. This paper aimed to detect the “public service ethics understanding” of municipality administrators in Turkey. To this end, a questionnaire was conducted among elected and appointed administrators of 9 urban-district municipalities in Ankara. Although the majority of municipality administrators agree that institutions and legal-administrative regulations based on universal values of public service ethics rather than the personal moral values, they still keep some local moral values which tolerate corrupt and unethical conducts. This reflects the dilemma of the Turkish administrators on this issue. Therefore, hard (like institutional and legal-administrative regulations) and soft (like training and cultural change) measures of public service ethics should go hand in hand in order to minimize the gap between the “good perceptions” and “widespread malpractices” of municipality administrators.
Re-Territorialising Governance and the State
Authors: Virkar Shefali
Published: August 2019

Attracted by the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), political actors across the world have adopted computer-based systems for use in government as a means of reforming inefficiencies in public administration. This book chapter critically examines the convergent use of the new digital technologies and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) within the reform of government administration, through the in-depth examination of a central case study focused around a collaboration between the government of the Indian state of Karnataka and the non-profit eGovernments Foundation, from 2002 to 2006; a partnership which sought to reform existing methods of property taxation via the establishment of an online platform-system across the municipalities of 56 towns and cities within the state. The research analyses prevailing actor behaviour and interactions, their impact on the interplay of local contingencies and external influences shaping project implementation, and the disjunctions in these relationships which inhibit the effective exploitation of ICTs within the given context.
Using Social Media to Inform and Engage Urban Dwellers in La Paz, Mexico
Authors: Basolo Victoria , Yerena Anaid
Published: August 2019

Engaging residents in local affairs continues to be a challenge for cities around the world. Under a call for more open government, many cities have adopted web-based strategies, including social media, to inform, serve, and engage residents. Understanding the performance of social media to support transparent and participatory government through communication and engagement with citizens, especially by relatively early adopters in urbanized areas of developing countries, can inform theory, as well as practice. This article contains an analysis of social media communication for one government agency. The data are posts from the first 18 months of activity on a Facebook profile created and maintained by the municipal water agency of La Paz, Mexico. Consistent with previous work, the Facebook profile reflected relatively low usage, a propensity toward one-way provision of information by government, and limited interaction. However, by analyzing the content of each post and all interactions, the authors found the Facebook profile spurred citizen engagement in a collaborative effort mitigate a community problem.
Investments in E-Government
Authors: Fernandes Teresa Matos , Gomes Jorge , Romão Mário
Published: August 2019

The expenses in Information Systems and Information Technology (IS/IT) represent a substantial share in organizations' budgets. However, IS/IT investment projects seem to continue to show reduced success rates. The Benefits Management (BM) has gained relevance as a way, not only, to understand these failures, but also as a tool available to organizations to improve the success of IS/TI investments. The objective of this article is to understand how BM can be applied in IS/IT investments in the Public Administration (PA) and help to leverage the benefits of these investments. A case study was conducted using an e-Government project in the Portuguese PA. The study showed how a BM approach can be applied in this environment and also identified some difficulties that must be considered. Several benefits, that were not foreseen, were identified and evaluated, or proposed some criteria for their evaluation, highlighting, this way, the true contribution of IS/IT investments in delivering services to citizens and increasing public organizations performance.
Electronic Government Procurement in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Harper Leslie , Sanchez Daniel
Published: August 2019

The chapter explores the topic of electronic government procurement (e-GP) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), the factors that affected the development of such systems, how they evolved differently across the region and the challenges going forward. The information included in this chapter will provide insight on how e-GP implementation has been a key element in public procurement reform in LAC as well as important lessons from the region.
Australian Local Government Perspectives on Contemporary Structural Reform
Authors: Dollery Brian , Kortt Michael , Drew Joseph
Published: August 2019

This chapter examines the municipal merger programs in the different Australian state and territory local government systems. In particular, it considers whether the amalgamation policies have met the claims made about their efficacy by advocates of amalgamation. The chapter outlines the characteristics of Australian local councils in comparative perspective, briefly describes the major problems confronting Australian local government, provides a synoptic account of the extant literature on structural reform in local government, and summarises Australian municipal merger programs. It then considers their impact as seen through the prism of a host of public inquiries into local government in the different states, as well as the scholarly literature. The chapter concludes with some comparative analysis of Australian merger programs with similar policies in other countries.
Influence of Organizational Factors in the Sustainability of E-Government
Authors: Nurdin Nurdin , Stockdale Rosemary , Scheepers Helana
Published: August 2019

The majority of e-government implementations and their subsequent use, particularly in developing countries, have resulted in high rates of failure. These failures of e-government implementation have been caused by a plethora of organizational, human, financial and infrastructure challenges that mostly result from organizational factors such as lack of resources, political commitment and poor collaboration. These commonly result when government organizations try to sustain their e-government facilities alone and have insufficient resources, competence, and legitimacy to do so. This study is an attempt to understand how organizational factors shape the sustainability of e-government implementation within a local government context. A case study of local e-government implementation is presented and then analyzed from perspective of organizational view. Our construct is based on organizational factors that are commonly found to influence information systems implementation. Our findings show that organizational factors such as organizational and employees' professionalism, commitment, coordination and cooperation, and responsibility sharing among local government institutions have influenced the sustainability of e-government implementation within the local government. Our findings also show that e-government is a complex project that requires coordination and cooperation among actors as well as the need to share responsibility among the actors to support the sustainability of the project.
Current Features and Developments of Local Governance in Finland
Authors: Vakkala Hanna , Leinonen Jaana
Published: August 2019

This chapter discusses local governance renewals and the recent development of local democracy in Finland. Due to profound structural reforms, the role of municipalities is changing, which is challenging current local government processes, from management to citizen participation. Nordic local self-government is considered strong, despite of tightening state steering. Ruling reform politics and the increasing amount of service tasks do not fit the idea of active local governance with sufficient latitude for decision-making. To increase process efficiency, electronic services and governance have been developed nationally and locally, and solutions of eDemocracy have been launched to support participation. Developing participative, deliberative democracy during deep renewals creates opportunities but also requires investments, which create and increase variation between municipalities. From the point of view of local democracy, it becomes interesting how strong municipal self-governance and local governance renewals meet and how the role and status of municipalities are changing.
E-Government in Vietnam
Authors: Khanh Ngo Tan Vu , Danh Ma Thanh , Gim Gwangyong
Published: August 2019

Electronic government (e-government) has established as an effective mechanism for increasing government productivity and efficiency and a key enabler of citizen- centric services. Despite the considerable investment of the Government of Vietnam in e-government, the outcomes of it are still far below the expectation. This paper aims also to assess the current situation of e-government in Vietnam and to investigate the reasons for the modest results of it. Different indicator groups for the measurement of e-government will be applied to access the status of each dimension of e-government as well as the overall performance of e-government in general. The challenges and issues of implementing e-Government systems will also be relevant to implementing ICTs to build systems to support e-governance.
Public Value of E-Government
Authors: Sufna Noor , Fernando R. Lalitha S.
Published: August 2019

Main purpose of this study is to examine the level of Public Value of e-government in Sri Lanka. In this regard, a website of “www.pubad.gov.lk” of the Ministry of Public Administration and Home Affairs in Sri Lanka was selected. Other objective of this study is to identify e-government maturity level of the selected website. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used for achieving these two objectives. The quantitative data collection was done using a structured questionnaire. Population was 2204 Sri Lanka Administrative Service officers and the selected sample is 10% from the population. The website maturity level was evaluated mainly through observation. The study was conducted from January 2014 to March of 2014. It was found that the mean value of the level of the Public Value of the website is 3.34. This represents that the majority of officers have no idea about the Public Value of this website. Only 20% of the officers agreed that the website has this Public Value (2% of the sample strongly agreed and 18% of them agreed). This website belongs to the second e-government maturity level according to the UN ASPA model. The facilities to conduct online transactions and adhering to the web standards are recommended for enhancing the service delivery of the website.
The Governance Effects of Korea's Leading E-Government Websites
Authors: Schopf James C.
Published: August 2019

While abundant research has demonstrated that E-government reduces corruption and improves bureaucratic productivity, few studies have isolated the distinct effects of different types of E-government programs on rates of corruption and different measures of bureaucratic performance. This paper employs regression analysis to examine the governance effects of a wide range of innovative, Korean E-government websites, rated by the UN as the world's best from 2010 to 2014. Whereas business oriented E-government programs most greatly improved regulatory quality, citizen service oriented E-government most strongly affected government effectiveness. The Korean government E-tax program was most effective at combating the severe developmental obstacles of corruption and bribery. Nations pursuing development would best be served, therefore, by adopting the particular e-government program which best addresses their most pressing governance need.
Socio-Technical Determinants of Information Security Perceptions in US Local Governments
Authors: Shin Eunjung , Welch Eric W.
Published: August 2019

Concerns about electronic information security in government have increased alongside increased use of online media. However, to date, few studies have examined the social mechanisms influencing electronic information security. This article applies a socio-technical framework to model how technical, organizational and environmental complexities limit electronic information security perceived by local government managers. Furthermore, it examines to what extent organizational design buffers security risks. Using data from a 2010 national survey of local government managers, this article empirically tests the proposed model in the context of U.S. local government's online media use. Findings show that, in addition to technical complexity, organizational and environmental complexities are negatively associated with local managers' awareness of and confidence in electronic information security. On the other hand, internal security policy and decentralized decision-making appear to buffer security risks and enhance perceived information security.
Sharing Managerial Tacit Knowledge
Authors: Manaf Halimah Abdul , Harvey William S.
Published: August 2019

This chapter analyses the practices of sharing managerial tacit knowledge, which has been the preferred approach by local government managers in Malaysia. The data is based on the findings of questionnaires distributed among 308 middle managers. The chapter focuses on the government's concern around knowledge and the importance of sharing tacit knowledge in order to reduce knowledge loss. The insights of this chapter have important implications for national and local governments in other empirical contexts. In particular, knowledge sharing practices can help management to share managerial tacit knowledge before staff retire or move to other departments and organisations. This is vitally important because if organisations are committed to investing in their human capital through attraction, retention and development initiatives then it is equally important that they are committed to strategies to capture knowledge.
Social Media Applications Promote Constituent Involvement in Government Management
Authors: Merwin Jr. Gerald A. , McDonald J. Scott , Bennett Jr. John R. , Merwin Keith A.
Published: August 2019

This chapter explores the use of social media applications by local governments to communicate with constituents and promote involvement in policy and project management activities. Although public and private sector organizations make different uses of social media (Halverson, Hauknes, Miles, & Røste, 2005), there are many ways for government and nonprofit entities to make use of Web 2.0 applications. The focus in this chapter is on local government and a variety of examples will be provided. Some local government agencies primarily provide information to constituents through the social media apps, while others solicit the input from citizens to expand involvement. Finally, suggestions for future research and uses will be discussed.
The Importance of Accountability Practices in the Public Sector
Authors: Couto Maria Cristina Ribeiro da Silva , Ferreira Augusta da Conceição Santos
Published: August 2019

The New Public Management reflects a paradigm and orientation shift regarding the cornerstone of management in the public sector. With this new type of management emphasis was given to accountability in order to, on the one hand instill the need to render accounts when talking about the way decisions are taken (responsibility) and the way public resources are used (clarity) and on the other hand the citizens having the possibility of getting information which will allow them to make the public officials responsible. Considering the importance of accountability, this chapter was an attempt to carry out a bibliographic review, as a way of getting to know the different approaches to the concept, as well as getting to know the mechanisms that have been created in order to give explanations whether for the performance or accomplishment of a responsibility and if this is inherent to the responsibilities of the public officials.
Does Bureaucracy Stifle Moral Agency?
Authors: Adewale Adeyinka
Published: August 2019

Bureaucracy has been around us since the earliest human societies and has been the cornerstone of ancient and modern civilisations. Literature documents its several merits and demerits but little attention has been given to its moral ramifications. This is essential in these critical times that have recorded increasing numbers of corporate scandals globally. If bureaucracy is at the foundations of our modern societies, its role in this trend cannot be ignored hence the purpose of this paper. First, a historical review of bureaucracies from the industrial revolution era through the first and second world wars to our modern capitalist society is presented. Second, bureaucracy is conceptualised with a clear focus on Weber's ideal type. Arguments surrounding its rationality and efficiency were critically looked into as a basis for discussing emerging moral issues. It concludes by submitting that indeed bureaucracy can stifle moral agency.
An Analysis of a Lay Adjudication System and Open Judiciary
Authors: Kita Yumiko
Published: August 2019

This paper presents analyses of impacts of lay adjudicators' participation in criminal matters in Japan due to the introduction of the new lay adjudication system – the Citizen Judge System [Saiban-in Seido] – in 2009. Since the late twentieth century, the introduction of the lay adjudication system seems to have been in international movement democratising the criminal justice system. This paper is devoted to an evaluation of the new system in terms of the balance between the concepts of democracy and a fair trial with consideration of the citizen judge procedures and the role of the citizen judges. In view of the closed nature of the Japanese criminal procedures and secrecy in the citizen judge system, this study will point out the challenges which prevent the fulfilment of democratic values in the practice of the citizen judge system.
Service Level Agreements for Smart Healthcare in Cloud
Authors: Paul Mridul , Das Ajanta
Published: August 2019

With the advancement of Cloud computing, the adoption of cloud service in various industries is fast increasing. This is evident in the healthcare domain where the adoption is on the rise recently. However, the research contribution in this domain has been limited to certain functions. While cloud can increase availability, reachability of services, it is critical to design the healthcare service before provisioning. Besides, it is important to formulate Service Level Agreements (SLAs) to ensure that consumers can get guaranteed service from the service provider. The objective of this paper is to design the cloud based smart services for patient diagnostics. This research specifically defines service architecture for patients, physicians and diagnostic centers. In order to measure the proposed services, metrics of each SLA parameter is described with its functional and non-functional requirements. This paper also explains a case study implementation of a basic patient service using Google App Engine.
Cloud Computing as the Useful Resource for Application of the Medical Information System for Quality Assurance Purposes
Authors: Kldiashvili Ekaterina
Published: August 2019

The eHealth is a rapidly evolving and changing field. The different models and protocols of medical information system (MIS) are now available. The MIS and its everyday usage is extremely beneficial for the healthcare sector, but its introduction in everyday practice is slow. Cloud computing is perspective field and it differs from the conventional distributed computing by its focus on large-scale sharing, innovative applications, and high-performance orientation. This paper defines “cloud computing” as flexible, secure, coordinated resource for data sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and etc. It should be emphasized, that cloud computing can be reviewed as a useful tool for sharing of computing resources and services. The author expects that this technology has huge potential in health care and can improve health care services, as well as provide benefits for health care research. It is proposed that the solution is the widespread and routine implementation of the medical information system. The present article will discuss the application of cloud computing for the medical information system practical usage. The goal in the information age must be to create knowledge from medical information with less time managing medical information and data. The availability of adaptable technology and possibility of improvement of the infrastructure conditions is the basis for medical informatics applications. The routine application of MIS by healthcare organization holds the potential to improve, develop and realize medical service in the effective and comprehensive mode.
Biometric Secured Electronic Health Record
Authors: Sankaranarayanan Suresh , Udayasuriyan Vigneshwaran
Published: August 2019

Lot of Hospitals around the world are going through transformation from paper based to Electronic Health record system which can be accessed from anywhere. But with such Electronic health record, security is very much needed towards avoiding hackers and unauthorized personnel to access the medical record pretending as doctor or patient. Lot of research been conducted in regards to an authentication of the biometric system and security on the digital electronic health records of the health care organization. In such biometric system, there has been an increase in the false rejection ratio due to a slight difference in the positioning of the finger on the biometric scanner. The small wounds and scratches on the fingers may also lead to the false rejection of the legitimate user. So accordingly the authors in this research have developed innovative and enhanced technology of the frame based biometric authentication system by segmenting the fingerprint image towards authenticating the medical personnel. This method reduces the False Rejection Ratio (FRR) and False Acceptance Ratio (FAR) compared to neighbouring nodal and data centric method. In addition, with the frame based biometric authentication, the authors have also developed level of strictness for doctor's and patient's based on placement of finger in biometric scanner. Lastly, the authors have also developed an application which integrates Frame based biometric methodology along with RFID and GSM for access of records in a secured way and also to provide a better treatment and medicines for incoming patients.
Barriers to Successful Health Information Exchange Systems in Canada and the USA
Authors: Almoaber Basmah , Amyot Daniel
Published: August 2019

Background: Despite the potential benefits of health information exchange (HIE) and the two decades of efforts from the Canadian and the American governments to promote health exchange projects, failures far outnumber successes. Objective: To better understand the barriers influencing the adoption and implementation of inter-organization HIE systems in Canada and the USA. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted to examine English-language studies that identified barriers to HIE in Canada and the USA between 1995 and 2016. Electronic databases, backward searching and expert consultations were used. Results: 31 articles have been included. There is a dearth of publications reported on the HIE barriers in Canada. A total of 33 barriers have been identified. Conclusion: There are noticeable differences in the barriers reported in these countries. Privacy concerns and a lack of stakeholder buy-in are recurring barriers over time in the USA. Low adoption of electronic medical records is the main barrier in Canada.