bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inline-Slot Ejector Diffuser for a Warship to Suppress IR Signatures
Authors: Singh L , Singh S. N. , Sinha S. S.
Published: January 2020

The infrared (IR) signatures emitted by warships can substantially reduce the survivability chances while operating in the enemy area, as these signatures can be tracked and locked-on by the heat seeking missiles. The primary source for the IR signatures in a warship is the gases emanating from the exhaust of the gas turbine engine. These signatures can be suppressed by installing the passive infrared suppressors such as ejector diffusers, downstream of the turbine exhaust. The prime objective of an ejector diffuser is to reduce the exhaust gases temperature with minimal back pressure. In the present investigation, inline-slot conical ejector diffuser is numerically studied. From the open literature it is found that only step-slot ejector diffuser has been explored and no work on the inline-slot ejector diffuser is reported. Preliminary investigations on the inline-slot ejector diffuser show the performance to be better in terms of mass entrainment and static pressure recovery than the step-slot ejector diffuser, which is commonly used with warship power plants. The focus of the present study is to establish the effect of nozzle exit conditions (i) inlet swirl (S), and (ii) inlet turbulence intensity (TI) on the performance of inline-slot ejector diffuser. In the first part, inlet swirl is varied in the range 0≤S≤0.3 in step of 0.05, and in the second part TI is varied in the range of 1%≤TI≤15% in step of 3%. The performance is evaluated in terms of local and cumulative mass entrainment ratios, non-dimensional temperature distribution, and static pressure recovery. For the first part, it is seen that there is 3% drop in cumulative mass entrainment with the increase in swirl number from 0 to 0.3 and this can be attributed to the drop in potential core region. Higher wall temperatures in the mixing tube are observed for all the configurations with swirl cases. Static pressure recovery increases with the increase in the swirl number. For the second part, the effect of turbulence intensity on the performance of inline slot ejector diffuser is carried out. It is seen that the mass entrainment decreases by ~5% when turbulence intensity is increased from 1% to 15%. No significant effect of turbulence intensity is seen on the temperature distribution and pressure recovery.
Áreas protegidas e sociobiodiversidade no Semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Andrade Lara Erendira Almeida de , Dantas Marcelino Soyinka Santos
Published: January 2020

A ideia de áreas protegidas para a conservação, apesar dos avanços nas últimas décadas para incluir a sociodiversidade, ainda possui forte influência do chamado “mito da natureza intocada”, reflexo da pretensa dicotomia natureza/cultura à qual também se associa a imagem dos indígenas. Esta noção reflete-se nas ações do Estado, que enfatiza políticas de proteção naquelas áreas mais próximas de seu pretenso estágio “prístino”. Não por acaso, a maioria das áreas protegidas situa-se na Amazônia, ícone desta “natureza intocada” e dos índios “puros”. Um exemplo é a efetivação dos direitos territoriais indígenas: 93% das Terras Indígenas situam-se na Amazônia Legal, apesar de 61% dos indígenas viverem em outras regiões. O Nordeste é exemplar neste sentido: a região convive com a escassez de iniciativas de apoio à conservação ou aos direitos indígenas. Não é de estranhar que a ela esteja associado o imaginário da seca, pobreza e do “índio misturado”. Neste trabalho propomos refletir sobre as práticas dos povos indígenas de convivência com o ambiente vis-a-vis à lógica de intervenções do Estado para conservação da biodiversidade. Partimos da experiência em processos de Gestão Territorial e Ambiental com os Xokó, Pankararu e Kapinawá.
Multiplication végétative à faible coût au profit des paysans et éleveurs des zones tropicales et méditerranéennes
Authors: Bellefontaine R. , Meunier Quentin , Aboubacar Ichaou , Bouler Hervé Le
Published: January 2020

Les diverses techniques de multiplication végétative à faible coût (MVfc) sont utiles pour les populations pauvres des zones tropicales et méditerranéennes qui veulent reproduire à l’identique un arbre sélectionné pour ses usages multiples (fruitier, fourrager, pour la pharmacopée, etc.), pour la réalisation de vergers, haies, brise-vent et parcs agroforestiers dans leurs champs. Ce sont des techniques très aisément reproductibles, qui n’exigent ni intrants coûteux, ni connaissances particulières, ni longue formation. Par rapport aux semis, la MVfc met à la disposition des agroforestiers et des populations rurales des plants à croissance plus rapide et à maturité plus précoce, ce qui raccourcit le retour sur investissement. Les populations rurales y sont très sensibles, notamment pour les espèces dioïques. Toutefois, les diverses techniques de la MVfc demeurent largement sous-utilisées en Afrique. Les avantages de ces techniques peu onéreuses, telles que l’induction de drageons, le bouturage de segments de racines, le marcottage terrestre ou aérien sont présentés dans cet article de synthèse.
Method to Rank Academic Institutes by the Sentiment Analysis of Their Online Reviews
Authors: Sidhu Simran , Khurana Surinder Singh
Published: January 2020

A large number of reviews are expressed on academic institutes using the online review portals and other social media platforms. Such reviews are a good potential source for evaluating the Indian academic institutes. This chapter aimed to collect and analyze the sentiments of the online reviews of the academic institutes and ranked the institutes on the basis of their garnered online reviews. Lexical-based sentiment analysis of their online reviews is used to rank academic institutes. Then these rankings were compared with the NIRF PR Overall University Rankings List 2017. The outcome of this work can efficiently support the overall university rankings of the NIRF ranking list to enhance NIRF's public perception parameter (PRPUB). The results showed that Panjab University achieved the highest sentiment score, which was followed by BITS-Pilani. The results highlighted that there is a significant gap between NIRF's perception rankings and the perception of the public in general regarding an academic institute as expressed in online reviews.
Computer Vision-Based Assistive Technology for Helping Visually Impaired and Blind People Using Deep Learning Framework
Authors: Hashmi Mohamamd Farukh , Gupta Vishal , Vijay Dheeravath , Rathwa Vinaybhai
Published: January 2020

Millions of people in this world can't understand environment because they are blind or visually impaired. They also have navigation difficulties which leads to social awkwardness. They can use some other way to deal with their life and daily routines. It is very difficult for them to find something in unknown environment. Blind and visually impaired people face many difficulties in conversation because they can't decide whether the person is talking to them or someone else. Computer vision-based technologies have increased so much in this domain. Deep convolutional neural network has developed very fast in recent years. It is very helpful to use computer vision-based techniques to help the visually impaired. In this chapter, hearing is used to understand the world. Both sight sense and hearing have the same similarity: both visual object and audio can be localized. Many people don't realise that we are capable of identifying location of the source of sound by just hearing it.
Security for the Cloud
Authors: Kaushik Shweta , Gandhi Charu
Published: January 2020

Today's people are moving towards the internet services through cloud computing to acquire their required service, but they have less confidence about cloud computing because all the tasks are handled by the service provider. Cloud system provides features to the owner to store their data on some remote locations and allow only authorized users to access their data according to their access capability. Data security becomes particularly serious in the cloud computing environment because data are scattered in different machines and storage devices including servers, PCs, and various mobile devices such as smart phones. To make the cloud computing be adopted by enterprise, the security concerns of users should be rectified first to make cloud environment trustworthy. The trustworthy environment is the basic prerequisite to win the confidence of users to adopt this technology. However, there are various security concerns that need to be taken care of regarding the trust maintenance between various parties, authorized access of confidential data, data storage privacy, and integrity.
Artefact Consistency Management in DevOps Practice
Authors: Meedeniya Dulani , Rubasinghe Iresha , Perera Indika
Published: January 2020

DevOps practices preserve the continuous innovation in software development. The collaborative nature and stakeholder communication are keys in DevOps that lead to highly effective and quality software outcomes with customer satisfaction. The software artefacts involved in a DevOps practice must adapt to frequent changes due to continuous stakeholder feedback. Hence, it is challenging to artefact consistency throughout the software life cycle. Although artefact traceability preserves the consistency management with theoretical support, there are practical limitations in traceability visualisation, change impact analysis, and change propagation aspects. This chapter presents an analysis of existing studies focused on software artefact traceability for the suitability in DevOps. It also identifies leading limitations and possible future research directions to resolve for the benefit of researchers and software practitioners.
Tool Support for Software Artefact Traceability in DevOps Practice
Authors: Rubasinghe Iresha , Meedeniya Dulani , Perera Indika
Published: January 2020

Software development in DevOps practice is a widely used approach to cope with the demand for frequent artefact changes. These changes require a well-defined method to manage artefact consistency to ease the continuous integration process. This chapter proposes a traceability management approach for the artefact types in the main phases of the software process including requirements, design, source code, testing, and configuration. This chapter addresses traceability management, including trace link creation, change detection, impact analysis, change propagation, validation, and visualisation. This chapter presents a tool named SAT-Analyser that is applicable for any software development method and designed for continuous integration, multi-user collaboration, and DevOps tool stack compatibility. The SAT-Analyser is assessed using case studies and shown an impact analysis accuracy of 0.93 of F-measure. Further, the feedback by DevOps practitioners has shown the suitability and innovativeness of the proposed approach.
The Challenges of Inclusive Education in Developing Countries in South East Asia
Authors: van Rensburg Henriette , Adcock Betty
Published: January 2020

This conceptual chapter presents an overview of the current developments in special education, specifically in inclusive education, and focuses only on the barriers experienced by the different stakeholders in developing countries in South East Asia. To support inclusion and equity in education, governments need to influence public opinion, implement legislation and policy regulations, and provide financial resources. The three key stakeholders are the government, educational professionals, and families. There are also others including instructors and other education professionals, teacher trainers and researchers, national, local, and school-level administrators and managers, policy-makers and service providers in other sectors, civic groups in the community, and members of minority groups who are at risk of exclusion. Awareness of the value of inclusive education should be raised amongst all stakeholders to develop a network of support for all learners.
Inquiry Learning in the Primary Social Science Classroom
Authors: Fairbanks Ruth , Andrew Catherine
Published: January 2020

Inquiry learning is considered more effective than traditional teacher-led learning. Whilst teachers espouse ideals of inquiry learning, actual implementation and practice remains unclear, requiring further study. Inquiry learning research in primary schools is mostly contained to maths and science. Few studies have investigated how primary school teachers differentiate practice to meet the needs of students with learning difficulties. Even fewer studies have investigated primary school teachers' implementation of Humanities and Social Science (HASS) inquiry learning. This chapter investigates primary school teachers' practices of implementing HASS inquiry learning, including strategies used to support students with learning difficulties, and school based factors impacting the implementation of inquiry learning. One Queensland regional school was identified using a theory-based sampling method. Teachers were recruited using criterion sampling method. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews and demographic questionnaires; and HASS unit plans of three teachers (n=3) were synthesised into three themes: (i) teachers described a sense of professional fulfilment when implementing inquiry learning; (ii) teachers implemented specific strategies including explicit instruction to differentiate learning for students with learning difficulties; and (iii) school-based factors including leadership endorsement impact on successful implementation of inquiry learning in a primary school. Data obtained from the single school and small sample limit generalisability, therefore future research regarding teachers' implementation of HASS inquiry learning is recommended. Identification of strategies that support students with learning difficulties, and the impact of HASS inquiry learning on achievement amongst students with and without learning difficulties, are also recommended.
Differentiated Instruction
Authors: Gibbs Kathy , Beamish Wendi
Published: January 2020

Key national and state policies in Australia are driving an inclusive agenda that is challenging and changing the ways schools provide access to a high-quality education for all students. Given these circumstances, teachers need to build capacity to provide instruction to the whole class in a flexible, responsive, and effective manner. Differentiated instruction (DI) is an approach that enables teachers to be student-centred, address each student's needs and interests, and produce successful academic and social outcomes for all students in mainstream classrooms. This chapter demystifies DI and brings together the existing knowledge and associated pedagogy so that teachers can successfully apply DI strategies in their day-to-day practice. DI is defined so that readers understand that DI is not a single strategy but a programming tool with a variety of empirically-supported strategies across the areas of curriculum planning, assessment and monitoring, instruction, and classroom organisation.
Low Energy-Consumption Inverted Orange Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Reduced Efficiency Roll-Off
Authors: Liu Kang Ping , Chen Min Yu , Zhao Yi , Pan Sai Hu , Peng Cui Yun , Lan Wei Xia , Wei Bin
Published: January 2020

Inverted organic light-emitting diodes (IOLEDs) have a bottom cathode, making them convenient to integrate with the preferred n-type active matrix OLED driving technologies. Furthermore, inverted OLEDs show much better air-stability compared with conventional OLEDs, due to the very reactive and sensitive of alkali doped electron injection layer (EIL) towards ambient oxygen and moisture. For inverted OLEDs, the bottleneck to limit their efficiency and stability is the interface at cathode/EIL and light emitting layer (EML)/charge transporting layer. In this paper, we have investigated the effect of different electron/hole transporting layers on the turn-on voltage, efficiency roll-off and power consumption of inverted orange OLEDs. We found that the device exhibits extremely-low efficiency roll-off and a significant lifetime improvement.
Acoustic Metamaterial Design Method Based on Green Coordinate Transformation
Authors: Xie Xin , Wang Xiao Ming , Mei Yu Lin
Published: January 2020

Acoustic metamaterials have great application prospects in eliminating vibration and noise, but they are difficult to manufacture due to their anisotropy. This paper utilizes the Green coordinate transformation method to design acoustic metamaterials by combining with the transformation acoustics theory. Because the Green coordinate transformation is the pseudo-conformal mapping in three-dimensional coordinates, the anisotropy of designed metamaterials can be weakened. And also, the genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the anisotropy of metamaterials and reduce the designed metamaterial parameter difference further. Finally, the membrane-imbedded-type metamaterial is applied to realize the design and to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by manipulating the acoustic wave propagation path.
Detection of Graphene Materials in Fibers
Authors: Li Wei Dong , Ma Ton Gjun , Mao Zhi Ping
Published: January 2020

A method for the identification of graphene materials in fibers by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) has been reported. Two ways to prepare samples are available, namely the dissolution extraction and the ultra-thin sectioning method. For samples prepared by any method, the graphene material in the fiber can be detected by the following steps. Firstly,the elemental composition of the microparticle is demonstrated by EDS. Secondly, the morphology of the particles in the fiber can be obtained by TEM, and the number of layers of graphene materials is able to observed directly from the edge of sheet.
A novel approach for the complete extraction of large tumours in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Aragaki Masato , Kaga Kichizo , Hida Yasuhiro , Kato Tatsuya , Matsui Yoshiro
Published: January 2020

Background:

Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy has recently become the standard for treating lung cancer. However, the complete removal of large tumours from the chest cavity is often difficult. Therefore, we developed a novel approach to extract large tumours from the wound without rib resection or fracture (the eXtraction of resected specimens through the Lower INterCostal route [XLINC] method).

Subjects and Methods:

In XLINC, a skin incision is made on the tenth intercostal space, and the resected lung tissue is extracted. This retrospective study included patients who underwent VATS lobectomy using XLINC in our institution from 2016 to 2018. As a control group, six patients who had undergone thoracotomy during VATS surgery due to a large tumour diameter were included in the conversion group.

Results:

Four men and six women (median age = 66 years, maximum median tumour diameter = 59 mm) were included in the study. The median length of the wound incision for XLINC was 4.5 (range: 4–8) cm. The median operative time was 183 min, and the estimated blood loss was 50 ml. Rib resection was not required, and no fractures were noted. The median length of hospital stay was 8 days. No patients developed major complications caused by XLINC. There were no significant differences, except in operation time and amount of blood loss, between the two groups. However, the XLINC group used fewer post-operative analgesics.

Conclusion:

Our report suggests that XLINC might be a simpler, less invasive procedure that could be used in patients with large tumours.
Clinicopathological Features of Patients with the BRCA1 c.5339T>C (p.Leu1780Pro) Variant
Authors: Park Hyung Seok , Ryu Jai Min , Park Ji Soo , Im Seock-Ah , Jung So-Youn , Kim Eun-Kyu , Park Woo-Chan , Min Jun Won , Lee Jeeyeon , You Ji Young , Lee Jeong Eon , Kim Sung-Won
Published: January 2020

PurposeRecent studies revealed the BRCA1 c.5339T>C, p.Leu1780Pro variant (L1780P) is highly suggested as a likely pathogenic. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathologic features of L1780P with breast cancer (BC) using multicenter data from Korea to reinforce the evidence as a pathogenic mutation and to compare L1780P and other BRCA1/2mutations using Korean Hereditary Breast Cancer (KOHBRA) study data.Materials and MethodsThe data of 54 BC patients with L1780P variant from 10 institutions were collected and the clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients were reviewed. The hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer–related characteristics of the L1780P variant were compared to those of BC patients in the KOHBRA study.ResultsThe median age of all patients was 38 years, and 75.9% of cases showed triple-negative breast cancer. Comparison of cases with L1780P to carriers from the KOHBRA study revealed that the L1780P patients group was more likely to have family history (FHx) of ovarian cancer (OC) (24.1% vs. 19.6% vs. 11.2%, p < 0.001 and p=0.001) and a personal history of OC (16.7% vs. 2.9% vs. 1.3%, p=0.003 and p=0.001) without significant difference in FHx of BC and bilateral BC. The cumulative risk of contralateral BC at 10 years after diagnosis was 31.9%, while the cumulative risk of OC at 50 years of age was 20.0%. Patients with L1780P showed similar features with BRCA1 carriers and showed higher penetrance of OC than patients with other BRCA1 mutations.ConclusionL1780P should be considered as a pathogenic mutation. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is highly recommended for women with L1780P.
Matrix Liberation Process II: Relation to Orbital Free Entropy
Authors: Ueda Yoshimichi
Published: January 2020

We investigate the concept of orbital free entropy from the viewpoint of the matrix liberation process. We will show that many basic questions around the definition of orbital free entropy are reduced to the question of full large deviation principle for the matrix liberation process. We will also obtain a large deviation upper bound for a certain family of random matrices that is essential to define the orbital free entropy. The resulting rate function is made up into a new approach to free mutual information.
Sonic Fiction
Authors: Schulze Holger
Published: January 2020

Sonic fiction is everywhere: in conversations about vernacular culture, in music videos, sound art compositions and on record sleeves, in everyday encounters with sonic experiences and in every single piece of writing about sound. Where one can find sounds one will also detect bits of fiction.

In 1998 music critic, DJ and video essayist Kodwo Eshun proposed this concept in his book More Brilliant Than The Sun: Adventures in Sonic Fiction. Originally, he did so in order to explicate the manifold connections between Afrofuturism and Techno, connecting them to Jazz, Breakbeat and Electronica. His argument, his narrations and his explorative language operations however inspired researchers, artists, and scholars since then. Sonic fiction became a myth and a mantra, a keyword and a magical spell.

This book provides a basic introduction to sonic fiction. In six chapters it explicates the inspirations for and the transformations of this concept; it explores applications and extrapolations in sound art and sonic theory, in musicology, epistemology, in critical and political theory. Sonic fiction is presented in this book as a heuristic for critique and activism.
No anomalous supersaturation in ultracold cirrus laboratory experiments
Authors: Clouser Benjamin W. , Lamb Kara D. , Sarkozy Laszlo C. , Habig Jan , Ebert Volker , Saathoff Harald , Möhler Ottmar , Moyer Elisabeth J.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. High-altitude cirrus clouds are climatically important: their formation
freeze-dries air ascending to the stratosphere to its final value, and their
radiative impact is disproportionately large. However, their formation and
growth are not fully understood, and multiple in situ aircraft campaigns have
observed frequent and persistent apparent water vapor supersaturations of
5 %–25 % in ultracold cirrus (T<205 K), even in the presence of ice
particles. A variety of explanations for these observations have been put
forth, including that ultracold cirrus are dominated by metastable ice whose
vapor pressure exceeds that of hexagonal ice. The 2013 IsoCloud campaign at
the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud and
aerosol chamber allowed explicit testing of cirrus formation dynamics at
these low temperatures. A series of 28 experiments allows robust estimation
of the saturation vapor pressure over ice for temperatures between 189 and
235 K, with a variety of ice nucleating particles. Experiments are rapid
enough (∼10 min) to allow detection of any metastable ice that may
form, as the timescale for annealing to hexagonal ice is hours or longer over
the whole experimental temperature range. We show that in all experiments,
saturation vapor pressures are fully consistent with expected values for
hexagonal ice and inconsistent with the highest values postulated for
metastable ice, with no temperature-dependent deviations from expected
saturation vapor pressure. If metastable ice forms in ultracold cirrus
clouds, it appears to have a vapor pressure indistinguishable from that of
hexagonal ice to within about 4.5 %.
Measurements of traffic dominated pollutant emissions in a Chinese megacity
Authors: Squires Freya A. , Nemitz Eiko , Langford Ben , Wild Oliver , Drysdale Will S. , Acton W. Joe F. , Fu Pingqing , Grimmond C. Sue B. , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Hewitt C. Nick , Hollaway Michael , Kotthaus Simone , Lee James , Metzger Stefan , Pingintha-Durden Natchaya , Shaw Marvin , Vaughan Adam R. , Wang Xinming , Wu Ruili , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Yanli
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Direct measurements of NOx, CO and aromatic VOC (benzene, toluene, C2-benzenes and C3-benzenes) flux were made for a central area of Beijing using the eddy covariance technique. Measurements were made during two intensive field campaigns in central Beijing as part of the Air Pollution and Human Health (APHH) project, the first in November–December 2016 and the second during May–June 2017, to contrast winter and summertime emission rates. There was little difference in the magnitude of NOx flux between the two seasons (mean NOx flux was 4.41 mg m−2 h−1 in the winter compared to 3.55 mg m−2 h−1 in the summer). CO showed greater seasonal variation with mean CO flux in the winter campaign (34.7 mg m−2 h−1) being over twice that of the summer campaign (15.2 mg m−2 h−1). Larger emissions of aromatic VOCs in summer were attributed to increased evaporation due to higher temperatures. The largest fluxes in NOx and CO generally occurred during the morning and evening rush hour periods indicating a major traffic source with high midday emissions of CO indicating an additional influence from cooking fuel. Measured NOx and CO fluxes were then compared to the MEIC 2013 emissions inventory which was found to significantly overestimate emissions for this region, providing evidence that proxy-based emissions inventories have positive biases in urban centres. This first set of pollutant fluxes measured in Beijing provides an important benchmark of emissions from the city which can help to inform and evaluate current emissions inventories.
Relation between the asymmetric ring current effect and the anti-sunward auroral
currents, as deduced from CHAMP observations
Authors: Lühr Hermann , Zhou Yun-Liang
Published: January 2020

Abstract. During magnetically active periods the storm-time disturbance signal on ground develops commonly an azimuthal asymmetry. Negative deflections of the magnetic horizontal (H) component are enhanced in the 18:00 local time sector and smallest in the morning sector. This is commonly attributed to the asymmetric ring current effect. In this study we are investigating the average characteristics of anti-sunward net currents that are not closing in the ionosphere. Their intensity is growing proportionally with the amount of solar wind input to the magnetosphere. There is almost twice as much current flowing in the winter hemisphere as on the summer side. This seasonal dependence is more pronounced on the dusk than on the dawn side. Event studies reveal that anti-sunward currents are closely related to the main phase of a magnetic storm. Since also the asymmetry of storm-time disturbances build up during the main phase, we suggest a relation between these two phenomena. From a statistical study of ground-based disturbance levels during magnetically active periods we obtain support for our suggestion. Observed storm-time disturbance amplitudes are clearly smaller in the summer hemisphere than in the winter part. This difference increases toward higher latitudes. We propose a new 3D current system responsible for the zonally asymmetric storm-time disturbance signal that does not involve the ring current. The high-latitude anti-sunward currents are connected at their noon and midnight ends to field-aligned currents that lead the currents to the outer magnetosphere. The net current branch on the morning side is closed along the dawn flank plasmapause, and the evening side currents along the dusk flank magnetopause. Regardless through which loop the current is flowing, near-Earth storm-time disturbance level will in both cases be reduced in the morning sector and enhanced in the evening.
Extended range luminescence dating of quartz and alkali-feldspar from aeolian sediments in the eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Faershtein Galina , Porat Naomi , Matmon Ari
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) on quartz is an established technique for dating late Pleistocene to late Holocene sediments. Unfortunately, this method is often limited to up to 100 ka (thousands of years). Recent developments in new extended range luminescence techniques show great potential for dating older sediments of middle and even early Pleistocene age. These methods include thermally transferred OSL (TT-OSL) and violet stimulated luminescence (VSL) for quartz and post infrared-infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) for feldspar. Here we investigate the luminescence behavior of the TT-OSL, VSL and pIRIR signals of quartz and feldspar minerals of aeolian sediments of Nilotic origin from the eastern Mediterranean. We sampled a 15 m thick sequence (Kerem Shalom) comprising sandy calcic paleosols, which is part of a sand sheet that covers an extensive region in south-western Israel. Dose recovery and bleaching experiments under natural conditions indicated that the pIRIR250 signal is the most suitable for dating the Nilotic feldspar. Luminescence intensity profiles revealed natural saturation of the three signals at the same depth of ~6 m, indicating that ages of samples below that depth are minimum ages. Using TT-OSL and pIRIR250, a minimum age of 715 ka, for the base of the section was obtained, suggesting aeolian sand accumulation along the eastern Mediterranean coastal plain already since the early Pleistocene. Our results indicate that both TT-OSL and pIRIR250 can accurately date middle Pleistocene aeolian sediments of Nilotic origin and that minimum ages can be provided for early Pleistocene samples.
Assessment of streamflow decrease due to climate vs. human influence in a semiarid area
Authors: Kazemi Hamideh , Hashemi Hossein , Maghsood Fatemeh Fadia , Hosseini Seyyed Hasan , Sarukkalige Ranjan , Jamali Sadegh , Berndtsson Ronny
Published: January 2020

Abstract. This paper uses the Budyko method to investigate mean annual streamflow changes, due to climate variation and human influence, in the important Karkheh River Basin in western Iran. To validate the results, hydrological modelling (HBV model) and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images were used for the study period between 1980 and 2012. The recently developed DBEST (Detecting Breakpoints and Estimating Segments in Trend) method identified an abrupt negative change in the streamflow trend in 1994–5. The results show that the observed streamflow decrease in the Karkheh River is associated with both climate variation and human influence. The combination of increased irrigated area (from 9 to 19 % of the total basin area), reduction of forests (from 11 to 3 %), and decreasing annual precipitation has significantly reduced streamflow in the basin. Moreover, the results show that the streamflow reduction in the Karkheh Basin is more sensitive to the change in precipitation than temperature.
Evaluation of Soil Water Index of distributed Tank Model in a small basin with field data
Authors: Vasconcellos Sofia Melo , Kobiyama Masato , de Almeida Mota Aline
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to determine the spatial behaviour of the Soil Water Index (SWI) by applying a distributed version of the Tank Model (D-Tank Model) to the Araponga river basin (5.26 ha) in southern Brazil and to verify its reliability through the comparison to soil moisture estimated with the measured water-tension values and the water retention curve. The study area has a monitoring system for rainfall, discharge (5-min interval), and soil-water tension (10-min interval). The simulation results showed that the D-Tank Model has a reliable performance. The correlation between SWI and HAND was reasonable (r = 0.6) meanwhile that between SWI and the Topographic Wetness Index was high (r = 0.88). The comparison between the spatially distributed values of the SWI and soil moisture confirmed the high potential of the SWI derived from the D-Tank Model to be applied for predictions related to hydrological and environmental sciences.
On the role of operational dynamics in biogeochemical efficiency of a soil aquifer treatment system
Authors: Ben Moshe Shany , Weisbrod Noam , Barquero Felix , Sallwey Jana , Orgad Ofri , Furman Alex
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Sustainable irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) is a promising solution for water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions. Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) provides a solution for both the need for tertiary treatment and seasonal storage of wastewater. Stresses over land use and the need to control the obtained water quality makes the optimization of SAT of great importance. This study looks into the influence of SAT systems' operational dynamics (i.e., flooding and drying periods) as well as some aspects of the inflow biochemical composition on their biogeochemical state and the ultimate outflow quality. A series of four long-column experiments was conducted, aiming to examine the effect of different flooding/drying period ratios on dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and outflow composition. Flooding periods were kept constant at 60 min for all experiments while drying periods (DPs) were 2.5 and 4 times the duration of the flooding periods.
Our results show that the longer DPs had a significant advantage over the shorter periods in terms of DO concentrations and ORP in the upper parts of the column as well as in the deeper parts, which indicates that larger volumes of the profile were able to maintain aerobic conditions. DO concentrations in the deeper parts of the column stabilized at ∼3–4 mg L−1 for the longer DPs compared to ∼1–2 mg L−1 for the shorter DPs. This advantage was also evident in outflow composition that showed significantly lower concentrations of NH4+-N, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) for the longer DPs (∼0.03, ∼1.65 and ∼0.62 mg L−1 respectively) compared to the shorter DPs (∼0.5, ∼4.4 and ∼3.8 mg L−1, respectively). Comparing experimental ORP values in response to different DPs to field measurements obtained in one of the SAT ponds of the SHAFDAN, Israel, we found that despite the large-scale differences between the experimental 1-D system and the field 3-D conditions, ORP trends in response to changes in DP, qualitatively match. We conclude that longer DP not only ensure oxidizing conditions close to the surface, but also enlarge the active (oxidizing) region of the SAT. While those results still need to be verified at full scale, they suggest that SAT can be treated as a pseudo-reactor that to a great extent could be manipulated hydraulically to achieve the desired water quality while increasing the recharge volumes.
Bricolage and Student Learning
Authors: Blankenship Bethany
Published: January 2020

This practice report discusses the term “bricolage” and its relationship to student learning. The positive and negative perceptions of teachers and students as “bricoleurs” (those who practice bricolage) are discussed. An exploratory study that examines the application of bricolage in the classroom is discussed. In two different settings, the effects of bricolage instruction are shown to increase creativity and learning as student negotiate with various materials and ideas to construct new meanings.
El papel del arte contemporáneo en la dinamización social del entorno urbano. un estudio de caso: el barrio del oeste en salamanca
Authors: González Carmen , Gómez-Isla José , Del Río Víctor , Santamaría Alberto
Published: January 2020

Nuestra contribución analiza la relación entre arte contemporáneo y sociedad atendiendo a la evolución experimentada últimamente en los espacios de recepción del arte y la creciente intervención artística en espacios urbanos. Esta circunstancia ha propiciado un cambio de tendencia como reacción al distanciamiento entre arte y sociedad. Desde el siglo XX la producción artística ha tendido hacia la especialización y manejo de códigos específicos, lo que motiva una restricción de su ámbito de acción a lugares prefijados para su distribución y consumo. Estos espacios concretos, como centros de arte o galerías privadas, aunque puedan favorecer las condiciones para presentar o comercializar cierto tipo de obras artísticas, también determinan la mirada del espectador e interfieren en el contacto directo de la obra con el público. Encapsuladas en lugares excepcionales, las obras artísticas se han alejado de la experiencia de la vida cotidiana. Sin embargo, en estas primeras décadas del siglo XXI se observa una tendencia a “recobrar la continuidad de la experiencia estética con los procesos normales de la vida”. Esta aspiración de John Dewey (1949:11) se ve actualizada en parte de la producción artística situada fuera de centros de arte y galerías y en el auge del arte urbano como motor de transformación social. La intervención artística en el espacio público, aunque pueda parecer sutil, también supone el detonante de la transformación social de un barrio entero, favoreciendo hábitos colectivos y de dinamización que transforman y enriquecen la forma de vida de las personas.
Los departamentos de comunicación en las universidades. Análisis de la situación en España
Authors: Busto Salinas Lorena
Published: January 2020

A pesar de que las relaciones públicas han experimentado un enorme crecimiento en los últimos años, las universidades españolas siguen ejerciendo la comunicación de manera unidireccional y de manera técnica. Es decir, sus miembros se comportan más como periodistas internos que como verdaderos gestores de la comunicación. Pese a todo, se ha comprobado que ciertos aspectos positivos de las relaciones públicas, como el seguimiento de un plan concreto de comunicación, un mayor hincapié en las acciones y comportamientos del público y una extensiva investigación, planificación y evaluación, se relacionan con otros comportamientos beneficios, tales como definir una serie de objetivos concretos y vincularlos a los del centro en general o gozar de una mayor presencia en los planes estratégicos de la universidad, entre otras cosas.
Edible wild plants growing in adjacent spontaneous vegetation of energy plantations in southwest Slovakia
Authors: Končeková Lýdia , Halmová Daniela , Fehér Alexander
Published: January 2020

This paper evaluates the potential and perspectives of wild plant species and macrofungi from short rotation coppice. The research was conducted during the years 2014 - 2018 in stands of short rotation coppice willow and miscanthus grass in southwest of Slovakia. Evaluated wild plant species and macrofungi were divided into four groups (green vegetables, fruits and seeds, flowers and nectar, subterranean parts). The results showed that ground flora of short rotation coppice consisted of 74 edible species from 34 botanical families. Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Poaceae, Polygonaceae and Cichoriaceae families were represented the most. From the evaluated categories the most species belonged to the category with consumable aerial parts like leaves and shoots (59 species). The similar representation of species was found in the category of wild fruits and seeds consumed in the raw or preserved state and in category of edible subterranean parts (27 species and 22 species respectively). Principal component analysis showed that the edible parts with the strongest effect on the functional group differentiation were the fruits, seeds and subterranean parts.
The Cambridge Fitzgerald Edition: Some Final Observations
Authors: West James L. W.
Published: January 2020

The Cambridge Fitzgerald Edition has been finished. The final volume, a variorum edition of The Great Gatsby, appeared in April 2019. This article recapitulates the history of the series, mentions the evidence on which the texts were based, and reviews some of the problems encountered along the way. These include Fitzgerald's frequent misspellings, his collaborations with Zelda Fitzgerald, and occasional factual errors in his texts. The writings from the middle of Fitzgerald's career, including The Great Gatsby, are beginning to enter the public domain. New editions of his novels and stories will appear. Editors of these editions are encouraged to make use of the texts and annotations in The Cambridge Edition. That is one of the ground rules of scholarly editing: later editors should make use of the work of those editors who preceded them. The Cambridge series is available to all, not only in clothbound editions but in paperbacks and e-books. The next collected edition of the author's works will likely be wholly digital, but for now we have Fitzgerald in printed form, complete in eighteen volumes.
Fitzgerald's Many Places: (Re)translation and Displacement
Authors: Béghain Véronique
Published: January 2020

This keynote address presented at the 15th International F. Scott Fitzgerald Society Conference in Toulouse, France, on 28 June 2019, examines several theoretical issues arising from French translations of various Fitzgerald works. Drawing from a range of translation theorists including Friedrich Schleiermacher, Clive Scott, Antoine Berman, and others, it explores in particular the “in-betweenness” of translation, noting how translators are akin to frontiersmen and women operating on textual borders by observing the “exchanges and shifts” inherent in linguistic choices and reception contexts. Focusing on the author's own translations of Tales of the Jazz Age, it discusses the challenges of navigating between literalism and figurative approximation by contrasting her search for French corrollaries to American colloquialisms with those of Suzanne Mayoux, an earlier translator of two key stories from that collection, “The Camel's Back” and “The Jelly-Bean.” It then turns its attention to four extant French translations of Tender Is the Night, noting how differently Marguerite Chevaley (1951), Jacques Tournier (1985), Phillippe Jaworski (2012), and Julie Wolkenstein (2015) address nuances in Fitzgerald's expatriate novel. Ultimately, the range in these translations suggests the liminal position Fitzgerald occupies in the French literary marketplace.
Pericles in the Jazz Age
Authors: Antonelli Sara
Published: January 2020

Compromised by an abstruse plot circling around a specious bet involving far too many characters, “Six of One—” has been traditionally dismissed as an imperfect and flimsy story and has only rarely attracted the attention of literary critics. Yet a closer look at the variegated references to ancient Greek art and history F. Scott Fitzgerald has cleverly strewn across the story may yet reveal a more coherent and sophisticated project. This article considers the apparently casual reference that one character makes to the Periclean Age, that is, when Athens reached its peak, the starting point of a subtle itinerary that allows us to read “Six of One—” as both a commentary on the assumed softness of the Jazz Age generation and an indictment of the ever-immoral leisure class. The final section of the article discusses Fitzgerald's allusions in the story to Theodore Roosevelt's belief in the educational benefits of athletic brutality—football and rough games—as a definitive test of manhood for the “ornamental” youths of the 1920s.
Writing the Body: Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald's Resistance in Save Me the Waltz
Authors: Delesalle-Nancey Catherine
Published: January 2020

This article explores the desire for self-expression that Zelda Fitzgerald's novel Save Me the Waltz represents by drawing a parallel between the heroine's decision to take up ballet dancing and the author's own attempt to write a book that would be her own and not mere autobiographical material from a renowned artist's wife. The body looms large in such an attempt as it marks a border between self and other, and Alabama Beggs Knight's desire to control and shape her body is a metaphor for control over her own life. Likewise, Zelda Fitzgerald's dense and highly metaphorical style, which has often been criticized as excessively verbose and labored and which can make for difficult reading, is an attempt to work on the body of her text, giving the resisting material of language a shape and rhythm of her own. This is a long and difficult process that confronts the artist, ballet dancer, or writer, with the ever-threatening dissolution of self and other, and the subsequent collapse of meaning. Relying on Julia Kristeva's theory of the abject, this article shows how the body's turn from object to abject is a necessary and difficult step toward creation and marks Alabama's and Zelda Fitzgerald's progressive inscriptions as subjects acknowledging “lack” as constitutive of language and self. However, conveying this lack and negotiating the fraught relationship between self and other remains a demanding and ongoing challenge and may account for the sometimes missed encounter of this very personal book with its readers.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EFFECTS OF USSR INTERVENTION IN AFGHANISTAN
Authors: KAJETANOWICZ Jerzy
Published: January 2020

The paper presents political and historical changes in Afghanistan related to the Soviet military intervention. The first part describes the period from the establishment of an independent state in 1921 to the seizing of power by Amin Hafizullah in September 1979. The second part deals with the influence of the Soviet aggression on the process of the gradual disintegration of social structures. The third part explains the effects of the intervention, the final result of which was the creation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRICAL FEATURES OF SUPPORTING STRUCTURE OF CRANE ON DYNAMIC LOADS CAUSED BY DRIVING OVER UNEVEN RAILS
Authors: JASIŃSKI Marcin
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the influence of geometrical features of the supporting structure of the crane track dynamic loads caused by driving over uneven rails. Experimental studies were performed on two cranes with different geometries of the supporting structure. Based on the results of measurements, the value of the proportionality coefficient for each of the supporting structure of cranes was determined and compared with calculated values based on the dimensions of the supporting structure. The calculated coefficients of proportionality arising from these geometric features were introduced into the model of dynamic loads presented in the current standard cranes. The values of these loads obtained from the calculations did not differ significantly from those identified in experimental studies, which confirmed the validity of the proportionality coefficient dependent on the geometry of the crane support superstructure.