bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of self-reported and unsupervised antenatal pelvic floor muscle training and its effects on postpartum stress urinary incontinence among Chinese women: a cohort study
Authors: Chen Ling , Chen Xiaomin , Luo Dan , Jin Mei , Hu Yingjie , Cai Wenzhi
Published: June 2020

Objectives

We investigated performance of antenatal pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) among Chinese pregnant women, to explore its effects on postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study in Shenzhen, China among 815 singleton pregnant women age ≥18 years, who were continent before pregnancy. Telephone follow-up was conducted at 6 weeks postpartum. Logistic univariable and multivariable regression analyses were used to estimate effects of antenatal PFMT (frequency and duration) on SUI postpartum among subgroups defined by SUI during pregnancy. The interactions of antenatal PFMT and PFMT duration on SUI postpartum were tested.

Results

Among 798 women included in the analysis, 127 (15.91%) had SUI at 6 weeks postpartum. Only 157 (19.67%) women performed antenatal PFMT, none under supervision. After adjusting potential confounders, neither frequency (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89–1.32) nor duration (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.87–1.23) of antenatal PFMT was a significant factor in postpartum SUI. No interactions of antenatal PFMT and PFMT duration on SUI postpartum were found in any participants or subgroups.

Conclusion

No effect of self-reported, unsupervised, self-initiated antenatal PFMT on SUI 6 weeks postpartum was found. Low doses and no supervision may have contributed to the negative results.
Can We Reduce Deception in Elite Field Experiments? Evidence from a Field Experiment with State Legislative Offices
Authors: Landgrave Michelangelo
Published: June 2020

The use of deception is common in elite correspondence audit studies. Elite audit studies are a type of field experiment used by researchers to test for discrimination against vulnerable populations seeking to access government resources. These studies have provided invaluable insights, but they have done so at the cost of using deception. They have relied on identity, activity, and motivation deception. In addition, they request unnecessary work. Is there a less deceptive alternative? In this article, I present results from a field experiment with state legislative offices that minimize the use of deception. Consistent with elite correspondence audit studies, I find evidence of discrimination against Hispanics among state legislative offices. In addition, I find that discrimination is mitigated when subjects believe their behavior will be public knowledge. This suggests that discrimination can be mitigated through increased monitoring. This article advances the discussion on how to minimize the use of deception in elite field experimentation and how to mitigate discrimination against vulnerable populations.
Nurses’ Readiness in the Adoption of Hospital Electronic Information Management Systems in Ghana: The Application of the Structural Equation Modeling and the UTAUT Model
Authors: Lulin Zhou , Owusu-Marfo Joseph , Asante Antwi Henry , Antwi Maxwell Opuni , Xu Xinglong
Published: June 2020

Electronic health record (EHR) systems have become a basic need in most health care facilities worldwide. However, little can be said about the developing nations’ use of it. Nevertheless, Ghana is one of the very few countries in Africa to start using EHRs. Nursing is a field that has been substantially influenced by the use of hospital electronic information management systems (HEIMS). More importantly, the successful implementation of any mHealth and EHRs critically depends on user acceptance. Therefore, as nurses in Ghana work at the frontline of the health care system in the country with access to vital records about the patients, it is important to assess what motivates them to use the system. This study applied a non-experimental survey design. An electronic platform questionnaire on smartphones was used to collect data on 660 nurses. Statistically, AMOS structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the research model. “Behavioral intention” (BI) to HEIMS use was significantly predicted by effort expectancy (EE) ( p <.001). Notably, EE had an effect on BI, which explains the 37% variance in the intention of nurses to use HEIMS. Likewise, use behavior (UB) of HEIMS was also significantly predicted by performance expectancy (PE) ( R2 = .25), EE ( R2 = .311), and BI ( R2 = .397), and all explained 46% of the variance in nurses’ acceptance of HEIMS. Nurses’ acceptance of HEIMS was significantly predicted by PE, EE, and BI. Based on these findings, hospital administrators should put measures in place that will boost the nurses’ confidence in using HEIMS as well as endeavor to adopt and implement a very user-friendly system.
Low folate intake and serum levels are associated with higher body mass index and abdominal fat accumulation: a case control study
Authors: Mlodzik-Czyzewska Monika A. , Malinowska Anna M. , Chmurzynska Agata
Published: June 2020

Background

The link between folate metabolism and obesity has recently been underlined, suggesting that folate deficiency may lead to body weight gain and adiposity. We thus wished to determine whether the inefficiency in folate metabolism caused by genetic variation in the MTHFR and DHFR genes in folate metabolism, or inadequate folate intake, is associated with obesity.

Methods

A case–control study including 421 healthy participants (aged 20–40) was performed in Poznań, Poland. The cases were 213 subjects with BMI > 25 kg/m2, while the controls were 208 subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2. Genotyping of rs70991108 (DHFR) and rs1801133 (MTHFR) was performed using TaqMan probes. Serum folate concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and homocysteine was assessed with high performance liquid chromatography.

Results

Subjects with overweight and obesity had 12% lower folate intake (p < 0.05) and 8.5% lower folate serum concentrations (p < 0.01) than the controls. Serum folate concentrations and folate intake were inversely associated with body fat percentage (p < 0.05) and waist circumference (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). Serum folate concentration, though not folate intake, was negatively associated with WHR and BMI (p < 0.05, for both associations).

Conclusions

Lower folate intake and serum levels are weakly, but independently, associated with greater body weight and central adiposity in people aged 20–40. MTHFR and DHFR polymorphism seems not to have significant impact on body weight.
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) as a significant etiological factor of laryngological infections: a review
Authors: Michalik Michał , Samet Alfred , Podbielska-Kubera Adrianna , Savini Vincenzo , Międzobrodzki Jacek , Kosecka-Strojek Maja
Published: June 2020

This review article shows that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are widely responsible for laryngological diseases. General characteristics of CoNS infections are shown in the introduction, and the pathogenicity in terms of virulence determinants, biofilm formation and genetic regulation mechanisms of these bacteria is presented in the first part of the paper to better display the virulence potential of staphylococci. The PubMed search keywords were as follows: CoNS and: nares infections, nasal polyps, rhinosinusitis, necrosing sinusitis, periprosthetic joint infection, pharyngitis, osteomyelitis of skull and neck bones, tonsillitis and recurrent tonsillitis. A list of laryngological infections and those related to skull and neck bones was presented with descriptions of the following diseases: rhinosinusitis, necrotizing sinusitis, nasal polyps, nares and nasal skin infections, periprosthetic joint infections, osteomyelitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis. Species identification and diagnostic problems challenging for diagnosticians are presented. Concluding remarks regarding the presence of CoNS in humans and their distribution, particularly under the effect of facilitating factors, are mentioned.
Dental disorders in sows from Swedish commercial herds
Authors: Malmsten Anna , Lundeheim Nils , Dalin Anne-Marie
Published: June 2020

Knowledge on dental disorders in commercial sows is limited although such conditions may have important animal welfare implications. In a pilot study, the dental and periodontal health of 58 sows (Landrace*Yorkshire-crosses) from 8 Swedish commercial pig herds, slaughtered at one abattoir, were investigated. The oral cavity was inspected and abnormalities were recorded on a dental chart modified for pigs. Dental abnormalities, absence of teeth, supernumerary teeth, tooth fractures, signs of caries, and malalignment were recorded. The study revealed that 19% of the sows had supernumerary teeth and 59% of the sows missed at least one tooth. Periodontitis, calculus and malalignment were observed in 33%, 45% and 17%, respectively. Tooth wear was very common both in incisors (total 83%) and in premolars/molars (total 84%). One or more tooth fractures (between 1 and 6 per sow) was found in 41%. Signs of caries was found in 9%. In order to assess oral health, three indices were used: calculus index (CI), periodontal index (PDI) and tooth wear index (TWI). Severe periodontitis, tooth wear in incisors and tooth wear in premolars/molars were found in 7%, 34% and 35%, respectively. With respect to animal welfare, the etiology and the effects of the disorders on health, stress and pain need to be investigated.
Correction to: Antibody-drug conjugates in clinical trials for lymphoid malignancies and multiple myeloma
Authors: Yu Bo , Liu Delong
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Footwear and insole design features that reduce neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcer risk in people with diabetes: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ahmed Sayed , Barwick Alex , Butterworth Paul , Nancarrow Susan
Published: June 2020

Background

In people with diabetes, offloading high‐risk foot regions by optimising footwear, or insoles, may prevent ulceration. This systematic review aimed to summarise and evaluate the evidence for footwear and insole features that reduce pathological plantar pressures and the occurrence of diabetic neuropathy ulceration at the plantar forefoot in people with diabetic neuropathy.

Methods

Six electronic databases (Medline, Cinahl, Amed, Proquest, Scopus, Academic Search Premier) were searched in July 2019. The search period was from 1987 to July 2019. Articles, in English, using footwear or insoles as interventions in patients with diabetic neuropathy were reviewed. Any study design was eligible for inclusion except systematic literature reviews and case reports. Search terms were diabetic foot, physiopathology, foot deformities, neuropath*, footwear, orthoses, shoe, footwear prescription, insole, sock*, ulcer prevention, offloading, foot ulcer, plantar pressure.

Results

Twenty‐five studies were reviewed. The included articles used repeated measure (n = 12), case‐control (n = 3), prospective cohort (n = 2), randomised crossover (n = 1), and randomised controlled trial (RCT) (n = 7) designs. This involved a total of 2063 participants. Eleven studies investigated footwear, and 14 studies investigated insoles as an intervention. Six studies investigated ulcer recurrence; no study investigated the first occurrence of ulceration. The most commonly examined outcome measures were peak plantar pressure, pressure‐time integral and total contact area. Methodological quality varied. Strong evidence existed for rocker soles to reduce peak plantar pressure. Moderate evidence existed for custom insoles to offload forefoot plantar pressure. There was weak evidence that insole contact area influenced plantar pressure.

Conclusion

Rocker soles, custom‐made insoles with metatarsal additions and a high degree of contact between the insole and foot reduce plantar pressures in a manner that may reduce ulcer occurrence. Most studies rely on reduction in plantar pressure measures as an outcome, rather than the occurrence of ulceration. There is limited evidence to inform footwear and insole interventions and prescription in this population. Further high‐quality studies in this field are required.
What a paediatrician should know about congenital clubfoot
Authors: Dibello Daniela , Di Carlo Valentina , Colin Giulia , Barbi Egidio , Galimberti Anna M. C.
Published: June 2020

Clubfoot is the most frequent congenital malformation of the foot, affecting more than 1–2 subjects per 1.000 newborns. Without appropriate treatment, a child with congenital clubfoot will never be able to walk physiologically with a dramatic impact on the quality of life. In the last decades, different corrective solutions have been proposed, and there is rising scientific evidence that the Ponseti non-invasive method is safe and effective in the treatment of the clubfoot. So, what should a general paediatrician know about this condition and what should he concretely do in the suspect of a congenital clubfoot?
Measuring accuracy of plethysmography based respiratory rate measurement using pulse oximeter at a tertiary hospital in India
Authors: Alwadhi Varun , Sarin Enisha , Kumar Praveen , Saboth Prasant , Khera Ajay , Gupta Sachin , Kumar Harish
Published: June 2020

Background

Childhood pneumonia continues to be a major infectious killer in India. WHO recommended respiratory rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurements are not well implemented in Indian public health outpatient facilities with the result that treatment decision-making rely on subjective assessments from variably trained and supervised healthcare providers. The introduction of a multi-modal pulse oximeter (POx) that gives reliable measurements would mitigate incorrect diagnosis. In light of future potential use of pulse oximeter in peripheral health centres, it becomes important to measure accuracy of respiratory rate and oxygen saturation of such an instrument. The current study measures accuracy of plethysmography based respiratory rate (RR) using a pulse oximeter (Masimo Rad-G) by comparing it with a gold standard (pediatrician) measurement.

Study design

A cross sectional study was conducted in the OPD and emergency ward of Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital over a 2 week period wherein a convenience sample of 97 children (2 to 59 months) were assessed by a pediatrician as part of routine assessment alongside independent measure by a consultant using pulse oximeter. The level of agreement between plethymography based RR and pediatrician measure was analyzed along with sensitivity and specificity of fast breathing of plethymography based RR measure.

Results

Both methods of measurement show strong association (97%, p < 0.001) and observed values, falling on line of unity, obtained either from pulse oximeter or by pediatrician are very close to each other. Fast breathing measured by POx has a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of nearly 94%.

Conclusion

The current study provides evidence of the accuracy of a plethysmography based RR using a pulse oximeter which can potentially be of use in planning of pneumonia management in public health facilities.
Value of endoscopic examination of airways and swallowing in tracheostomy decannulation
Authors: Youssef Gamal , Abdulla Kamal M.
Published: June 2020

Background

Tracheostomy decannulation decision is the major challenge in the clinical management of tracheostomy patients. Little evidence is available to guide the weaning process and optimal timing of tracheostomy tube removal. The purpose of the study was to investigate the value of endoscopic assessment in the tracheostomy decannulation decision.

Results

The study included 154 tracheostomized adult patients. Bedside assessment was done for 112 patients, and the other 42 patients were deceased. The results of bedside assessment lead to successful decannulation in 18 patients (16%), while 94 patients (84%) were unfit for decannulation. The most common cause of unfitness was aspiration and poor swallowing in 41% of patients. The endoscopic assessment was done for 59 patients out of 94 patients that were unfit for decannulation; thirteen patients of them were fit for decannulation (22%). The final status of the patients before discharge was decannulated in 31 cases and 81 patients were discharged with a tracheostomy.

Conclusions

The results indicated the importance of endoscopic assessment in the decannulation decision of tracheostomized patients. A large proportion of patients who are unfit for decannulation by bedside assessment could be fit after endoscopic assessment. Endoscopic assessment is essential particularly in tracheostomized patients who have failed to achieve decannulation through conventional protocols.
Automated arrival-time picking using a pixel-level network
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Cao Siyuan , Rector James W. , Zhang Zhishuai
Published: June 2020

Arrival-time picking is an essential step in seismic processing and imaging. The explosion of seismic data volume requires automated arrival-time picking in a faster and more reliable way than existing methods. We have treated arrival-time picking as a binary image segmentation problem and used an improved pixel-wise convolutional network to pick arrival times automatically. Incorporating continuous spatial information in training enables us to preserve the arrival-time correlation between nearby traces, thus helping to reduce the risk of picking outliers that are common in a traditional trace-by-trace picking method. To train the network, we first convert seismic traces into gray-scale images. Image pixels before manually picked arrival times are labeled with zeros, and those after are tagged with ones. After training and validation, the network automatically learns representative features and generates a probability map to predict the arrival time. We apply the network to a field microseismic data set that was not used for training or validation to test the performance of the method. Then, we analyze the effects of training data volume and signal-to-noise ratio on our autopicking method. We also find the difference between 1D and 2D training data with borehole seismic data. Microseismic and borehole seismic data indicate the proposed network can improve efficiency and accuracy over traditional automated picking methods.
Variable Fixing for Two-Arc Sequences in Branch-Price-and-Cut Algorithms on Path-Based Models
Authors: Desaulniers Guy , Gschwind Timo , Irnich Stefan
Published: June 2020

Variable fixing by reduced costs is a popular technique for accelerating the solution process of mixed-integer linear programs. For vehicle-routing problems solved by branch-price-and-cut algorithms, it is possible to fix to zero the variables associated with all routes containing at least one arc from a subset of arcs determined according to the dual solution of a linear relaxation. This is equivalent to removing these arcs from the network used to generate the routes. In this paper, we extend this technique to routes containing sequences of two arcs. Such sequences or their arcs cannot be removed directly from the network because routes traversing only one arc of a sequence might still be allowed. For some of the most common vehicle-routing problems, we show how this issue can be overcome by modifying the route-generation labeling algorithm in order to remove indirectly these sequences from the network. The proposed acceleration strategy is tested on benchmark instances of the vehicle-routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) and four variants of the electric VRPTW. The computational results show that it yields a significant speedup, especially for the most difficult instances.
Swapping drills for dressings: redeployment of dentists to community nursing
Authors: Johnston Laura , Archer Natalie , Martin Katy
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed increased strain on many aspects of the NHS. Dentists have been identified as having skills transferable to support community nursing teams as part of the redeployment response. This article aims to explore the roles dentists have undertaken within the community setting and reflect on dentists' transferable skills, training and personal experiences during redeployment. Despite differences in healthcare delivery, both professions share skills surrounding professionalism, communication, raising concerns and consent. Community nurses have supported dentists through specific training and competencies so that the latter are equipped with skills to support roles including wound care, catheter care and medication administration. Dentists have been well-received by community nursing colleagues and patients during redeployment. This experience has enabled redeployed dentists to establish new skillsets while improving their appreciation for the fundamental role that community nurses play within society.
Patient perception of service quality in Ghana: an empirical study in Christian Health Association of Ghana Hospitals
Authors: Agyei Samuel Kofi , Kumah Emmanuel , Baffour Peter Agyei , Ankomah Samuel E
Published: June 2020

Background/aims

Understanding patients' views on healthcare quality allows healthcare managers and policy makers to address any gaps and promote a patient-centred approach in healthcare delivery. A study was carried out to evaluate patients' perception of the quality of services in hospitals affiliated with the Christian Health Association of Ghana.

Methods

The SERVQUAL scale was used to survey 540 patients in 18 Christian Health Association of Ghana hospitals. Using STATA software package (version 13.0), mean scores of the patients' expectations and perceptions of service quality were computed. A t-test was performed to determine the significance levels of the difference between the mean scores for expectation and perception.

Results

The patients' expectations were not met. The five SERVQUAL dimensions showed statistically significant negative mean service quality gap scores.

Conclusions

Further investigations into the reasons that the patients responded in this way are warranted to help in stepping up patient-focused interventions to bridge the perceived service quality gaps identified.
The use of lean methodology in healthcare settings in developing countries: a narrative review
Authors: Kelendar Hisham , Faisal Muhammad , McIntosh Bryan , Mohammed Mohammed A
Published: June 2020

A substantial amount of literature describes the use of lean methodology in healthcare settings in developed countries, but less is known about its use in developing countries. Studies published between January 2000 and April 2018 describing the use of lean methodology in healthcare settings in developing countries were systematically searched, retrieved and reviewed across eight electronic databases. A total of fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The earliest study was published in 2014. Lean was mostly used to improve efficiency (n=10) and eliminate waste in hospitals (n=13). The most common tool used was value stream mapping (n=12). Half of the studies mentioned leadership, but no study reported value from the patients' viewpoints. This review found that lean tools have been used relatively recently in healthcare, mostly in hospitals and with varying emphasis on leadership and the wider lean methodology. Those studies involved staff but not patients, did not report costs and their reported successes were not rigorously evaluated.
Cocooning does not mean abandoning: in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, can care homes learn from the Belgian experience?
Authors: Voyer Benjamin G , Lachoumy Valérie
Published: June 2020

Without thorough and accurate reporting, the effect of COVID-19 on care homes will not be controlled easily. By rethinking the care home ecosystem, the situation in Belgium offers interesting best practices to protect a vulnerable population.
Optimized joint LiFi coordinated multipoint joint transmission clustering and load balancing for hybrid LiFi and WiFi networks
Authors: Ma Weibin , Zhang Lin , Jiang Yuan
Published: June 2020

Hybrid light fidelity (LiFi) and wireless fidelity (WiFi) networks provide a promising solution for future indoor wireless communication. Hybrid networks face the challenge of imbalanced cell load due to the uneven distribution of user equipment (UE), and they need to suppress inter-cell interference induced by the dense deployment of LiFi access points (APs). In this paper, with the aim to efficiently establish UE-AP associations and allocate resources, we propose a potential game (PG) aided design of joint user-centric LiFi coordinated multipoint (CoMP) joint transmission (JT) clustering and load balancing (LB). In our design, we formulate the joint design problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, which integrates the requirement for the minimum data rate of each UE. With the aim to maximize the system throughput under proportional fairness constraints, we propose to build a PG model to solve the MINLP problem. Then we derive the Nash equilibrium based on the best-response dynamics, and thus a suboptimal solution is attained. Thanks to the space diversity gain brought by our joint LiFi CoMP-JT clustering and LB design, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio can be improved. Thus, when the physical layer configurations remain the same, hybrid networks can achieve larger capacity and better reliability performances. Simulation results validate that hybrid networks using our presented design would achieve better throughput and satisfaction performances than benchmarks.
Crack formation process in ceramic Nd:YAG
Authors: Kim Duck-Lae , Kim Byung-Tai
Published: June 2020

We estimated the crack formation process by analyzing the crack type and thermal stress of 2 at.% and 4 at.% ceramic Nd:YAGs damaged by pump power in an end-pumped ceramic laser. Lateral cracks, radial cracks, and median cracks occurred sequentially in the ceramic Nd:YAG when the tensile stress caused by the pump power increased over 160 MPa and decreased.
Dividing Latin American activist labour in post-Brexit Britain
Authors: Medden Stephanie
Published: June 2020

This article describes how Latin American advocacy and activist groups operating in the United Kingdom engage in identity work through their collaboration with one another, the creation of discourses around cultural identity and the division of activist labour. By examining how the members of these groups plan their strategies, collaborate and use digital platforms to perform and construct identity, mobilize support and partner with ally groups, the author sheds light on some ways in which identity movements facing the threat of geopolitical shifts, such as Brexit, participate in identity work under precarious conditions. This article demonstrates how a bifurcation of activist labour represents two different but concurrent approaches to identity work for Latin American activists in post-Brexit Britain. It argues that such precarity challenges the primacy of Latinidad as a strategic resource for activists and, instead, encourages alternative forms of solidarity.
Ethnic Media in the Digital Age, Sherry S. Yu and Matthew D. Matsaganis (eds) (2019)
Authors: Bashri Maha
Published: June 2020

Review of: Ethnic Media in the Digital Age, Sherry S. Yu and Matthew D. Matsaganis (eds) (2019)

New York: Routledge, 216 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-13848-648-5, h/bk, $129.78

ISBN 978-1-351045-31-5, e-book, $57.95
D. Jerónimo Osório. Opera Omnia. Tomo IV. Paráfrase aos Salmos
Authors: Pinto António Guimarães , Pinho Sebastião Tavares de
Published: June 2020

Conquanto não publicadas em vida, as "Paráfrases aos Salmos" de David constituem uma das obras em que as mestria de múltiplos registos literários e o superior domínio da língua latina de D. Jerónimo Osório se revelam de forma bastante primorosa. O pensador político, o exegeta bíblico bem informado, o moralista cristão e até o místico aliam-se com felicidade numa obra em que, valendo-se da liberdade relativa que o género parafrástico lhe concedia e sobre a sugestão da passional e por vezes arrebatada expressão dos textos salmísticos, o Autor pode espraiar-se e dar livre curso aos seus sentimentos e pensamentos mais íntimos, numa obra que também tem a particularidade de ser a mais extensa de todas as que são inteiramente obra sua.
A’uwẽ (Xavante) Hunting Calls: A Vocal Repertoire for Ethnozoological Communication and Coordination in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Welch James R.
Published: June 2020

Group hunting is a productive subsistence activity for many Indigenous peoples with adequate access to territorial and game resources. A’uwẽ (Xavante) group hunts can involve large numbers of individuals coordinating group hunting efforts over large areas. A’uwẽ group hunting and hunting with fire are sophisticated endeavors requiring years of preparation, ample discussion, and post-hunt analysis. Their hunting calls are stylized expressions following established vocal conventions to communicate complex information over long distances between hunters in order to follow, flush, dispatch, and carry game. This discussion is based on recordings provided by the late A’uwẽ elder and leader Tsidowi Wai'adzatse’ in 2006. He wished that the calls be documented so younger individuals will have means to recall them. I address how Indigenous A’uwẽ hunters in the Brazilian cerrado communicate over long distances with hunting calls that encode rich ethnozoological information. After introducing the topic and context, I begin with a presentation of five ethnozoological calls Tsidowi demonstrated, which he considered the complete repertoire of A’uwẽ hunting calls. Following these short descriptions, I discuss some of the vocal qualities observed in the calls (without conducting a full linguistic analysis), the ethnozoological information they encode, and their prospects for continued use into the future within the context of group hunting with fire.
Chemical soil and leaf properties in yellow passion fruit cultivation with organic fertilization
Authors: Almeida Waldiane Araújo de , Araújo Neto Sebastião Elviro de , Uchôa Thays Lemos , Souza Luís Gustavo de Souza e , Da Silva Nilciléia Mendes , Ferreira Regina Lúcia Felix , Tomio Denis Borges
Published: June 2020

The yellow passion fruit presents a high nutritional demand, and successive cultivations in the same area lead the soil to nutritional exhaustion, creating the need for restitution through fertilizers. In the context of organic managements, alternatives must be sought, which, besides improving soil fertility, can increase the contents of soil organic matter. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of organic basal fertilization in passion fruit cultivation on the chemical properties of the soil and nutrient contents of the plant. Two experiments were performed in two rural properties, with soils presenting sandy-loam and clay-loam texture. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (RBD), with 5 treatments and 4 blocks. The treatments consisted of the application of organic compost in different planting hole diameters: 0.4 m; 0.8 m; 1.2 m; 1.6 m, and 2.0 m, and their respective volumes of organic compost: 0.0007 m³; 0.03 m³; 0.06 m³, 0.10 m³; 0.16 m³. The chemical characteristics of the soil and the foliar content of nutrients were evaluated. Soil texture interferes with the effects of organic fertilization. Regardless of the texture, fertilization increases the contents of organic matter and P in the soil. The successive organic cultivation in a sandy-loam soil increases the content of P and provides higher foliar contents of N, P, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Na.
Geochemistry of Garga-Sarali intrusive granitoids (central domain of the central African fold belt in Cameroon): petrological implication
Authors: Isaac Daama , Gbambie Isaac Bertrand Mbowou , Ngounouno Fadimatou Yamgouot , Mama Ntoumbe , Ismaïla Ngounouno
Published: June 2020

The Garga-Sarali granitoids outcrop in form of large slabs and undistorted large blocks, into a schisto-gneissic basement. These rocks contain mainly muscovite and microcline, followed by K-feldspar, quartz, biotite, pyroxene, zircon and oxides, with coarse-grained to fine-grained textures. Geochemical analysis show that it belongs to differentiated rocks group (granodiorite-granite) with high SiO2 (up to 72 wt%) contents. Their genesis was made from a process of partial melting and fractional crystallization. These rocks are classified as belonging to I- and S-Type, meta-peraluminous, shoshonitic granites; belonging to the domain of volcanic arcs. The rare earth elements patterns suggest a source enriched of incompatible elements. The Nb-Ta and Ti negative anomalies from the multi-element patterns are characteristics of the subduction domains.
Detección de movimiento en tiempo real utilizando flujo óptico
Authors: Avendaño Pérez Jonathan , Mora Martínez Sergio , Vera John Edwin , Andrés Torres Pérez Andrés
Published: June 2020

Se muestra la implementación de algoritmos de flujo óptico y extracción de características para el reconocimiento y detección de objetos en tiempo real de una secuencia de imágenes. Se implementaron algoritmos de flujo óptico y de detección de características SIFT, SURF y un estudio sobre la influencia de los cambios de iluminación en el ambiente de la escena analizando el funcionamiento y desempeño. Durante los cambios de iluminación se encontró que los puntos de interés entre dos imágenes consecutivas se reducen debido a que los algoritmos de detección no encuentran patrones similares y todos los niveles de intensidad son diferentes. Los resultados experimentales muestran que el algoritmo propuesto es funcional en escenas donde la luminosidad es constante y no es inferior a 1 Lux, se entrega una herramienta útil para sistemas de vigilancia y robótica móvil.
Prototipo de un controlador de tráfico para una intersección semaforizada
Authors: Romero Villalobos Oswaldo Alberto , Barón Velandia Julio , Espitia Cuchango Helbert Eduardo
Published: June 2020

El crecimiento urbano y la necesidad humana por transportarse ágilmente entre los diferentes sitios de una ciudad, han hecho imprescindible la regulación de los sistemas de tráfico. En consecuencia, el presente documento exhibe los resultados de la investigación que condujo al diseño de un sistema embebido para el control y supervisión de tráfico vehicular, a través de adquisición de datos y una red de comunicaciones; es decir: permite el almacenamiento y adaptación de planes de señales, así como la transmisión de datos por redes que pueden ser WLAN, LAN o redes celulares para tratar la información correspondiente a conteos vehiculares, detección de vehículos con paso restringido, supervisión de parámetros de tráfico, y comandos de control de tráfico. Las pruebas del prototipo que implementa la lógica requerida de la intersección semaforizada se realizan en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. (Colombia).
Estación meteorológica para la conformación de redes: proceso de instalación
Authors: Buriticá Clara , López Germán , Rodríguez Nayiver
Published: June 2020

En 2014 se instaló en la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas en Bogotá (Colombia), sede Ciudad Bolívar, una Estación Metereológica (EM) para medición y almacenamiento de variables como radiación solar, precipitación, dirección y velocidad del viento, entre otras, con el fin de contar con información que apoyara proyectos de investigación en energías alternativas. El presente documento describe y enfatiza el procedimiento para la escogencia del lugar más conveniente para el montaje de una EM, siguiendo las normas de la OMM (Organización Meteorológica Mundial), las recomendaciones del IDEAM (Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia) y del fabricante. Se espera que la estación sea parte de una red de estaciones de algunas universidades de Bogotá D.C.,pertenecientes a la Red Internacional para la Promoción de la Investigación y Docencia en Energización Rural para el desarrollo Sostenible (Red PRIDERAS). Adicionalmente, se aspira a ser parte de la red de estaciones meteorológicas del IDEAM
Plataforma de entrenamiento en control electrónico a partir de dcs
Authors: Luz Luz David Alberto , Forero Pardo Luis Gerardo , Escobar Díaz Andrés
Published: June 2020

Se presenta el estudio y diseño de una plataforma de entrenamiento académico a partir del concepto de Sistemas de Control Distribuido (DCS, por sus siglas en inglés). En su desarrollo se da a conocer cómo se conforma una arquitectura integrada, describiendo los diferentes componentes que hacen parte del sistema. Para tal fin, se toma como proveedor a la firma Yokogawa® debido al alto nivel tecnológico que ofrece en sus equipos y a la oportuna atención y asesoría personalizada. Con el propósito de describir las principales arquitecturas se estudiaron las publicaciones técnicas donde se dan a conocer los equipos y sus características; luego se realizó el diseño de la plataforma con el equipo que compone la arquitectura CENTUM VP®, el cual permite realizar control a partir de DCS. Finalmente, el producto de la investigación se implementa para brindar al estudiante del área de control electrónico y afines, un apoyo para su formación con herramientas funcionales acorde con las tecnologías para el control e instrumentación utilizadas en la industria.
Impacto del uso y apropiación de tic en poblaciones marginadas
Authors: Cruz Paola Andrea , Macías Mónica Alejandra , Mancilla Gaona Giovanni
Published: June 2020

Los fenómenos globalizadores han dejado de integrar ciertas economías al sistema económico local, produciendo marginalidad tecnológica (MT): separación o exclusión social en relación con el uso de herramientas y servicios que proporcionan habilidades científico-tecnológicas. Por lo anterior, el presente artículo aborda la investigación que indagó, en el periodo de 2012-2015, acerca de la influencia de las TIC (Tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones) en la vida de los habitantes y pymes en la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar (Bogotá Colombia), en la cual se encuentra ubicada la sede de la Facultad Tecnológica de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UDFJC) teniendo en cuenta indicadores de: Brecha digital, marginalidad tecnológica e inclusión. Se presenta igualmente una metodología propia, teniendo en cuenta el error permitido, el nivel de confianza estimado y el carácter de las muestras basados en cuantificar el impacto de la tecnología a través de los alcances, estrategias, herramientas y estadísticas, usando: encuestas de medición de Sector Productivo; encuesta medición de necesidades básicas en el hogar; y encuestas de evaluación de necesidades en el entorno; de manera que pueda replicarse en estudios posteriores donde se requiera recopilar información identificar líneas base locales en cuanto a tecnología y necesidades que se puedan suplir y/o mejorar a través de las TIC.
Comunicación encubierta de imágenes a escala de grises en imágenes a color
Authors: Ballesteros Dora M. , Renza Diego , Rincón Ramiro
Published: June 2020

En este documento se presenta un esquema de comunicación encubierta de imágenes en escala de grises ocultas en imágenes a color. El criterio principal en el diseño del esquema es la transparencia de la imagen encubierta, lo que significa que la imagen final (stego) es altamente similar a la imagen de color original, tanto a nivel visual como a nivel estadístico. Se realizan pruebas para medir la transparencia y la calidad de la imagen a escala de grises recuperada en el receptor.
Autopista mesoamericana de la información: vía para desarrollo social
Authors: Ruiz Solís Hugo Ariel , Rodríguez Portacio Diego Alejandro , Lizárraga Héctor , Mancilla G. Giovanni
Published: June 2020

La Autopista Mesoamericana de la Información (AMI) es un mecanismo de diálogo y coordinación que articula esfuerzos de cooperación, desarrollo e integración entre los países de Mesoamérica, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes de la región. El presente artículo busca que el lector tenga un conocimiento más cercano sobre el Proyecto Mesoamérica (PM), de manera que revise el panorama pasado, presente y futuro de estos desarrollos tecnológicos en la región, y sus impactos en el caso colombiano. Se presenta un mapa de procesos para orientar la ejecución de futuros proyectos de las tecnologías de la información y las telecomunicaciones (TIC) y su implementación con este tipo de alternativas
Framework de gestión del conocimiento (FGC) basado en capas
Authors: Guevara B. Juan C. , Cavanzo N. Gloria A. , Pérez P. Miguel
Published: June 2020

La investigación en el campo de la Gestion del Conocimiento (GC) ha crecido en acumuladoe importancia tanto en el mundo académico como empresarial. Sin embargo, no ha establecido apropiadamente cómo y cúando una iniciativa de GC debe ser aplicada. Por lo anterior, en el presente artículo se describe la estructura -basada en capas- de un framework de gestión del conocimiento (FGC) que permite la administración de los recursos de conocimiento articulando, por niveles, diferentes funciones y actividades para la administración de los recursos de conocimiento entre los integrantes de una organización. Se presenta a partir del FGC un prototipo de Sistema de Gestión del Conocimiento (SGC) orientado al manejo del conocimiento de grupos de investigación.
Intensidad informacional para la longitudinalidad asistencial en sistemas de salud
Authors: Caicedo Carlos H. , Smida Ali
Published: June 2020

La intensidad informacional, entendida como el grado de penetración de las tecnologías de información que posee una organización, un sector, una región o un producto en los procesos, bienes y servicios, condiciona el tipo de arquitectura organizacional y deriva en la aparición de nuevas unidades estratégicas. Particularmente en el sector de la salud emergen las llamadas células clínicas, contexto en el que la longitudinalidad asistencial se considera como una relación entre un grupo clínico y sus pacientes, cuya atención se centra en la persona a lo largo de un periodo de una complejidad tal que se consideran múltiples valores y preferencias. El presente artículo revisa el papel de la tecnología y los sistemas de información en estructuras organizacionales intensas y longitudinales en el sector salud, y la propone como soporte fundamental de las actividades operativas y estratégicas de alto desempeño. Destaca que el producto de la articulación del recurso humano, el tecnológico y el procedimental se consolida como una oportunidad para personalizar recursos, servicios e intervenciones de salud en función de elevar la calidad de la atención a través de la participación creciente de los pacientes y del público; elementos críticos para resolver problemas recurrentes en sistemas de salud como el colombiano.
El tejido de la palma caraná como referente de sustentabilidad
Authors: Trujillo Londoño Adriana
Published: June 2020

En la selva amazónica, las hojas de la palma caraná son la materia prima para la construcción de techumbres y por su aprovechamiento, proceso productivo y ciclo de vida, un ejemplo claro de sustentabilidad, posibilitando como producto innovador el paño tejido con esta hoja. El presente artículo reflexiona sobre estos conocimientos de comunidades indígenas, buscando despertar el interés por conservar las técnicas, procesos y saberes ancestrales como elementos para generar nuevos productos con un alto valor agregado que los convierta en haga competitivos en el mercado. Una iniciativa para orientar el aprendizaje universitario, en doble vía, como alternativa para la ingeniería colombiana
Implementaciones móviles sobre JVM: Lenguajes dinámicos versus lenguajes estáticos
Authors: Leguizamón Páez Miguel Ángel , Sosa Suarez Juan Camilo , Herrera Clavijo Leidy Marcela
Published: June 2020

La implementación de aplicaciones móviles está evolucionando aceleradamente, por lo que se requiere optimizar el proceso de desarrollo de software. No obstante, Android, al ser una de las plataformas más aceptadas para aplicaciones en tecnologías móviles, presenta demoras en la ejecución de tareas pues el emulador virtual consume excesivos recursos físicos. Por lo anterior, lenguajes como Groovy ofrecen la versatilidad de programar para Java Virtual Machine (JVM, por sus siglas en inglés) en un lenguaje dinámico, permitiendo la optimización de tiempos de desarrollo y reducción de líneas de código. En el contenido del presente artículo, se exhibe la investigación que condujo a evidenciar los tiempos de desarrollo de Groovy frente a los de Java al probar una aplicación codificada que corre en memoria, con ingreso de texto, almacenamiento temporal, filtro, búsqueda y consulta de listas; de manera que el resultado muestra una reducción temporal de construcción y desarrollo que impacta el corrimiento, cercana al 33%, asunto que puede resultar favorable en tareas de mayor envergadura.
Sistema de detección de obstáculos para invidentes
Authors: Alvarado Juan David , Mosquera Víctor Hugo
Published: June 2020

La movilidad para las personas invidentes presenta un alto grado de dificultad debido a las condiciones del ambiente, por esto se han desarrollado dispositivos de ayuda con el fin de mejorar su calidad de vida. El presente artículo describe la investigación que condujo al desarrollo de un sistema de detección de obstáculos para invidentes que tiene como objetivo detectar obstáculos por medio de sensores ultrasónicos. Los datos recibidos por los sensores son comunicados al invidente por medio de un módulo de sonido indicándole la presencia del objeto; los sensores van incorporados en un chaleco de fácil uso contribuyendo con la seguridad del usuario al caminar. En el desarrollo se muestra la implementación y funcionamiento del sistema, demostrando que la detección de obstáculos resulta de manera eficaz.
Prototipo mecánico para la transformación de energía hidráulica en energía eléctrica
Authors: Vargas Javier , Arango Jeison , Salazar Manuel , Torres Héctor , Herrera Liliana
Published: June 2020

El artículo presenta los resultados de un proyecto realizado en la facultad de ingenierías de la universidad cooperativa de Colombia sede Villavicencio en el semillero de investigación Energy-Renovaveis- GIPIS, titulada “Diseño, construcción y puesta en funcionamiento de un prototipo mecánico “Brio xy” que transforma la energía hidráulica en energía eléctrica”. El trabajo tiene la finalidad de crear una solución para la generación de energía, por medio de un prototipo mecánico que aproveche la energía de una fuente hídrica transformándola en energía eléctrica, el prototipo implementado se le denomino Brío XY es un equipo experimental impulsado por la corriente del agua, esta energía se conduce a un sistema de engranajes que la torna en un movimiento rotacional, que conectado a un alternador la convierte en energía eléctrica. El prototipo implementado genera una potencia eléctrica de 1KW / 13 VDC
Identificación y clasificación del estrés académico por la respuesta galvánica de la piel
Authors: García Sandra , Garzón Liliana , Camargo Luz Helena
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo presenta una evaluación del nivel de estrés académico en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ingeniería Electrónica de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas (UDFJ de C), utilizando como herramientas la combinación de la respuesta galvánica de la piel (GSR) y la aplicación de un test sicológico del inventario SISCO. Para realizar la medición de GSR se diseñó un prototipo electrónico que considera características fundamentales como el tipo y la ubicación de los electrodos, la selección de frecuencia de trabajo, entre otras. Con la información obtenida se construyó una base de datos que permitió analizar y clasificar el nivel de estrés académico, empleando un método estadístico y un algoritmo genético, respectivamente. Se encontró que un 47.77% de los estudiantes presenta un nivel de estrés leve; seguido de un 38.88% con presencia de estrés moderado; y un 13.33% con alto nivel de estrés. En consecuencia, existe relación entre la GSR y la reacción del cuerpo a estímulos estresores; y se evidencia la importancia de incorporar la medida de ésta y otras variables fisiológicas para el diagnóstico y seguimiento del nivel de estrés académico.