bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KOMUNIKASI ORGANISASI DAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL (STUDI KASUS OPTIMALISASI KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA SINPO.ID)
Authors: Razali Geofakta
Published: September 2024

Abstract: In this modern era, getting and looking for information in the news is very easy to get, it makes many new media company portals appear. Regarding this matter, company leaders are required to be able to build communication to their employees effectively so that employee performance becomes optimal, in addition to knowing leadership communication . The purpose of this study is to determine the form of transformational leadership communication to optimize employee performance in SINPO.id, and know the barriers in transformational leadership communication in employee performance. Data collection techniques used are qualitative descriptive research. The results of this study is a leadership communication run on SINPO.id it is good enough to look at the way leaders perform the functions of leadership effectively, and for transformational leadership communication based on the results of in-depth interviews of leaders and employees SINPO.id it is also good enough in optimizing employee performance.
 
Keywords : Leadership communication, transformational leadership, performance optimization, organizational communication
 
Abstrak: Pada era modern ini mendapatkan dan mencari informasi dalam berita sangat mudah didapatkan, hal tersebut membuat banyaknya portal-portal perusahaan media baru muncul. Mengenai hal ini pemimpin perusahaan diharuskan mampu membangun komunikasi kepada karyawannya secara efektif agar kinerja karyawan menjadi optimal, selain untuk mengetahui komunikasi kepemimpinan . Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni mengetahui bentuk komunikasi kepemimpinan transformasional untuk optimalisasi kinerja karyawan pada SINPO.id, dan mengetahui hambatan dalam komunikasi kepemimpinan transformasional dalam kinerja karyawan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah komunikasi kepemimpinan yang dijalankan pada SINPO.id sudah cukup baik dilihat dengan cara pemimpin menjalankan fungsi dari kepemimpinan secara efektif, dan untuk komunikasi kepemimpinan transformasional berdasarkan hasil wawancara mendalam seorang pimpinan dan karyawan SINPO.id sudah cukup baik pula dalam mengoptimalisasi kinerja karyawan.
 
Kata kunci : Komunikasi Kepemimpinan, Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Optimalisasi Kinerja, Komunikasi Organisasi
TANGGAPAN PENGGUNA PINJAMAN ONLINE DITINJAU DARI ELABORATION LIKELIHOOD MODEL
Authors: Hidayati Ratih Kurnia , Akbar Ananto , Irwandy Deddy
Published: September 2024

Online loans have become a popular phenomenon in the modern financial sector, allowing individuals to obtain additional funds quickly and easily without complicated procedures at banks. Despite its convenience, online lending also faces challenges such as the risk of fraud, lack of financial understanding and the problem of missed payments. This article discusses the growth of online lending in Indonesia, starting with the emergence of Financial Technology (fintech) companies that combine finance with information technology. The Financial Services Authority (OJK) notes that most online loans are used for financing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). However, there is also the phenomenon of online loans that cause problems in society. Financial education is crucial in improving people's understanding of finance and managing online loans responsibly. In recent years, the use of debt to meet the needs of life has increased, but self-control in borrowing decisions is affected by the supply side. In conclusion, it is important to understand both the benefits and risks of online lending and the importance of financial literacy in managing personal finances.
STRATEGI PROMOSI LKP STAR ACADEMY DALAM MENINGKATKAN JUMLAH SIWA BARU
Authors: Pradesti Ajeng , Yoman Mad
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah strategi promosi yang dilakukan oleh LKP Star Academy dalam Upaya meningkatkan jumlah siswa baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data di dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dengan pihak pengurus dari LKP Star Academy dan juga murid yang sudah belajar di LKP Star Academy. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah bertempat di Kampus UNIS Tangerang yang merupakan Lokasi dari LKP Star Academy. Hasil penelitian ini nantinya diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan mengenai efektif atau tidaknya sebuah strategi promosi yang telah digunakan ataupun direkomendasikan untuk peningkatan strategi khusus nya bagi Lembaga kursus dan pelatihan di masa yang akan datang.
NILAI PROFESIONALITAS DAN INTEGRITAS PEWARTA FOTO PADA MEDIA ONLINE
Authors: Sazidah Hanah , Sukanda Ukon Furkon , Saputra Faisal Tomi , Adib Miftahul
Published: September 2024

Perkembangan teknologi saat ini memudahkan masyarakat melakukan pekerjaan. Munculnya media sosial memudahkan pewarta foto memberikan informasi. Namun mudah pula dilakukannya pelanggaran kode etik jurnalistik seperti hak cipta, plagiarisme, dan kasus lain yaitu suap, pemerasan, , wartawan bodrek, dan lainnya. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini untuk membandingkan nilai profesionalitas dan integritas yang dilakukan pewarta foto Rakyat Merdeka (RM.id) dan Tribunnews.com. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, paradigma konstruktivisme, dan teori interaksionisme simbolik karya George Herbert Mead, dengan konsep Mind, Self, and Society. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persepsi pewarta foto di Rakyat Merdeka (RM.id) dan Tribunnews.com mengenai profesionalitas dan integritas, serta dalam membuat foto jurnalistik. Hasil penelitian ini, terdapat persamaan dari persepsi pewarta foto mengenai profesionalitas dan integritas. Yaitu mengikuti bagaimana standar kode etik jurnalistik, undang-undang pers, dan peraturan perusahaan. Dan sangat tidak diperbolehkan pewarta foto menerima imbalan dalam bentuk apapun. Pewarta foto diharap menghasilkan karya yang baik dan menimbulkan permasalahan. Memiliki peraturan perusahaan yang berbeda dan ciri khas masing-masing. Serta dalam pengecekan gambar pun memiliki caranya masing-masing.
Octahedral-Shaped Zn2SnO4 and Hexagonal Cylinder-like ZnO Crystals Grown via Thermal Evaporation of Mixtures of ZnS and SnO Powders
Authors: Lee Geun-Hyoung
Published: September 2024

Octahedron-shaped zinc stannate (Zn2SnO4) crystals and hexagonal cylinder-like ZnO crystals were synthesized through a simple thermal evaporation method under uncomplicated conditions of air atmosphere. The Zn2SnO4 octahedrons were grown by heating a mixture of ZnS and SnO powders, and the ZnO hexagonal cylinder-like crystals were fabricated by heating mixtures of ZnS, SnO and graphite powders. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the Zn2SnO4 crystals had a cubic inverse spinel crystal structure, and the ZnO crystals had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the Zn2SnO4 octahedrons had six vertices and eight equilateral triangular faces with very smooth surfaces, and the ZnO crystals had two parallel hexagonal bases and six side faces. Judging from the crystal structure of Zn2SnO4, the octahedral crystals were covered with eight {111} planes. Considering the crystal structure of ZnO, the hexagonal cylinder-like crystals were enclosed by two {001} basal planes and six {100} side planes, which indicated that the ZnO crystals were grown along the [001] direction. When the amount of graphite in the source powder was increased, the aspect ratio of the hexagonal cylinder-like ZnO crystals increased. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis also showed that the octahedral crystals were Zn2SnO4, and the hexagonal cylinder-like crystals were ZnO.
Influence of Rapid Thermal Processing on the Machining Properties of Copper Thin Films for Nano/Micro Pattern Fabrication
Authors: Hwang Hae-In , Kim Suyeon , Jo In-Ho , Lee Seung-Hun , Park Ahyun , Kim Jeong Hwan
Published: September 2024

The semiconductor and display industries employ microfabrication and high-density technology to enhance the performance of IT products. Current micro-patterning methods primarily rely on photolithography. However, photolithography is a complex and expensive process, with limited freedom of pattern design, and involves dry etching methods that use toxic substances, which are harmful to humans and the environment. To address these issues, new alternative patterning technologies are being researched. This study proposes precision mechanical machining as an alternative to photolithography. Machining is an all-in-one process that allows pattern creation using only tools and equipment. It is ecofriendly thanks to its simple and non-chemical process and offers a high degree of pattern freedom. However, machining can be problematic and destructive when processing brittle materials. This study attempted to find optimal processing conditions by analyzing machining properties based on the mechanical properties of copper metal, which is commonly used in semiconductor wiring. A post-deposition rapid thermal process was used to induce changes in the mechanical properties of a copper thin film, and processing was performed to find the optimal conditions. The study found that copper films annealed at 400°C had an approximately two-fold increase in crystal size, a 2.8% increase in density, and a 20.4% decrease in hardness. This is because sufficient heat energy promotes crystal growth and removes residual stress, thereby increasing ductility and improving machinability. As a result, fine patterning of thin films with clean cut surfaces was possible. Consequently, copper wires can be annealed at over 400°C for precise patterning. Additionally, not only is the machining depth adjustable, but it is also possible to remove the entire thin film using a critical load. The results of this study confirmed the applicability of nanoscale machining technology as an alternative to photolithography, and suggest its use in repair processes. These findings provide a foundation for future research aimed at optimizing processing conditions and exploring the broader potential of this technology across various high-value-added industries beyond semiconductors and displays.
Manajemen Sarana Dan Prasarana: Persepsi Siswa Terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Administrasi Sekolah
Authors: Syaputra Helmi , Irawati Irawati , Setyaningsih Rini
Published: September 2024

FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT: STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF THE QUALITY OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICESFacilities and infrastructure management is the management and supervision of facilities and infrastructure in schools. With good management of facilities and infrastructure, the facilities and infrastructure in schools can contribute more optimally to the quality of services in schools. The successful quality of administrative services in schools is supported and influenced by the utilization of all educational facilities and infrastructure in schools effectively and efficiently. This research aims to find out how much influence students' perceptions of the management of facilities and infrastructure have on the quality of service at SMA Negeri 1 Bangkinang and also see factors that can influence these two variables. This research is a quantitative research using simple linear regression analysis research techniques which examines the influence of students' perceptions of facilities and infrastructure management (X) on the quality of administrative services (Y) at SMA Negeri 1 Bangkinang. This research aims to see how much influence students' perceptions of facilities and infrastructure management have on the quality of service at SMA Negeri 1 Bangkinang. The population in this study was 300 people, namely students, taking a sample of 30% of the population, namely 90 people. The sampling technique used is Simple Random Sampling using analysis assistance from the SPSS Statistics 23 application. The results of the research show that there is a significant influence between students' perceptions of facilities and infrastructure management on the quality of service at SMA Negeri 1 Bangkinang with a significance level of 5%, namely 0, 2681 (0.779 0.2681). And the calculation result of the coefficient of determination (R Square) is 0.607. The calculation result of the coefficient of determination (R Square) is 60.7%. Meanwhile, the remaining 39.3% (100%-60.7%) was influenced by other variables not included in this study. Schools are expected to always carry out ongoing evaluations to improve the quality of services at SMA Negeri 1 Bangkinang.
Biologididaktik för lärare: Exempel från forskning och skolpraktik
Authors: Larsson Andreas , Göransson Andreas C. , Berglund Ammie
Published: September 2024

Boken du har valt att läsa handlar om biologididaktik. Samtliga texter är utformade speciellt för lärar- och förskollärarprofessionen och hämtar sitt innehåll från aktuell forskning och praktik. Boken har tagits fram i ett samarbete mellan Nationellt centrum för naturvetenskapernas och teknikens didaktik (NATDID) vid Linköpings universitet och Nationellt resurscentrum för biologiundervis-ning (Bioresurs) vid Uppsala universitet. Syftet med boken är att bidra till undervisning i biologi på vetenskaplig grund. Genom att göra nedslag i aktuell forskning och lärares undervisning är boken även tänkt att ge inspiration, upp-slag och idéer för utveckling av biologiundervisning. Texterna ska inte uppfattas som beskrivningar av hur lärare ska göra utan snarare ge exempel på olika aspekter av biologiundervisning. Varje klassrumssituation är unik och det ingår i lärarens professionella yrkesutövning att värdera och omsätta forskningens re-sultat på ett sätt som är anpassat till situationen.
Versatile whey acidic protein four-disulfide core domain proteins: biology and role in diseases
Authors: Wen Yifan , Jiang Nan , Wang Zhen , Xiao Yuanyuan
Published: September 2024

The Whey acidic protein four-disulfide core (WFDC) protein family consists of proteins with one or more WFDC domains which are ubiquitously expressed throughout the body of human and perform a wide range of functions, including antiprotease, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory functions. Aberrant expression of WFDC proteins is associated with human diseases. However, review on the WFDC protein family is limited and insufficient. Furthermore, a systematic summary of the underlying mechanisms of WFDC protein activity is lacking. In this review, we give a summary of the structural basis and molecular function of these proteins and review the immune regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways of WFDC proteins in the development of certain diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic potential of multiple WFDC proteins in the aforementioned conditions, as well as their prospective use. At last, we also discuss the progress of WFDC protein in clinical trials and put forward some research difficulties and the directions of follow-up research. Our review highlights the functional diversity and clinical significance of WFDC proteins family, while providing potential targets for drug development and innovative therapeutic strategies, this review lays the foundation and direction for future research on WFDC proteins.
Reactive power regulation strategy for WTGs based on active disturbance rejection control
Authors: Xue Shuilian , Yin Zhilong , Wang Zhiguo , Yu Feng , Chen Hailiang
Published: September 2024

With the large-scale interconnection of wind power generation, the voltage problem of the power system becomes more and more prominent. Compared with adding external reactive power compensation devices, it is more economical and responsive for fans to adjust their control strategies to provide reactive power support. To make full use of reactive power supported by wind turbines, a mathematical model of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines is constructed to characterize the reactive power boundary of wind turbines. Then, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is used to generate a voltage control signal to effectively improve the unit’s reactive response speed; in addition, a variable gain coefficient is used to adjust the reactive power output of the unit, which effectively improves the reactive power response speed and its control adaptability and robustness under changing power grid conditions. Finally, a wind turbine generator (WTG) simulation model is built using MATLAB/Simulink simulation software, different fault locations are perturbed, and the effectiveness of reactive power support of the proposed ADRC-based strategy is simulated and verified. The proposed ADRC-based strategy could inject more reactive power to the grid to improve the voltage.
Reduced B cell frequencies in cord blood of HIV-exposed uninfected infants: an immunological and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Jin Ye , Zhao Jun , Qi Tangkai , Tian Di , Liao Yixin , Yang Qing , Li Minming , Zhu Qingqing , Chen Jun , Shen Yinzhong , Liu Yabin , Lu Hongzhou
Published: September 2024

Introduction

In the course of immune development, HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants exhibit abnormal immune function and increased infectious morbidity compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) infants. Yet the specific functional phenotypes and regulatory mechanisms associated with in-utero HIV and/or ART exposure remain largely obscure.

Methods

We utilized flow cytometry and RNA-seq technologies to conduct the immunological and transcriptomic profiling in cord blood from 9 HEU mother-infant pairs and 24 HUU pairs. On top of that, we compared the cord blood dataset with the maternal venous blood dataset to characterize unique effects induced by in-utero HIV and/or ART exposure.

Results

Flow cytometry immunophenotyping revealed that the level of B lymphocyte subsets was significantly decreased in HEU cord blood as compared to HUU (P < 0.001). Expression profiling-based cell abundance assessment, includes CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithm, showed a significantly reduced abundance of naive B cells in HEU cord blood (both P < 0.05), supporting the altered composition of B lymphocyte subsets in HEU. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated suppressed innate immune responses and impaired immune regulatory function of B cells in HEU cord blood. Furthermore, through differential expression analysis, co-expression network analysis using WGCNA, and feature selection analysis using LASSO, we identified a 4-gene signature associated with HEU status. This signature effectively assesses B cell levels in cord blood, enabling discrimination between HEU and HUU infants.

Discussion

Our study provides the first comprehensive immunological and transcriptomic characterization of HEU cord blood. Additionally, we establish a 4-gene-based classifier that holds potential for predict immunological abnormalities in HEU infants.
Picophytoplankton is the main contributor to living carbon and biogenic silica stocks in the oligotrophic Eastern Indian Ocean
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Zhao Xiangwei , Sun Jun , Yue Shan , Yan Wenzhuo , Wen Yujian , Wu Xi
Published: September 2024

Diatoms (> 2 μm) have traditionally been identified as the primary biological agents linking the carbon (C) and silicon (Si) cycles. However, recent research has shown that picophytoplankton species (< 2 μm) also play a crucial role in the intertwined Si-C biogeochemical cycling in marine ecosystems. In this study, we examined the spatial distribution and vertical variation of micro/nano-diatoms and picophytoplankton in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO), aimed to differentiate the contributions of living carbon and biogenic silica (bSi) stocks between diatoms and picophytoplankton. The study revealed that the abundance of picophytoplankton surpasses that of diatoms by four to seven orders of magnitude. Synechococcus was predominantly presented in the upper layer, while Prochlorococcus, picoeukaryotes, and diatoms were primarily located in the middle layer. Aggregation Boosted Tree (ABT) and Generalized Additive Models (GAM) analyses revealed that temperature and silicate (DSi) levels strongly influenced the diatom and picophytoplankton communities in the EIO. The fractions smaller than 2 μm made substantial contributions of 86.20%, 55.69%, and 96.86% to chlorophyll a (Chl-a), particulate organic carbon (POC), and living carbon biomass, respectively, underscoring the ecological significance of picophytoplankton in the carbon cycle of oligotrophic regions. Picophytoplankton represented a 33.06% of bSi stocks in the area, comparable to the contribution of diatoms (> 20 μm). Moreover, estimated contributions of diatom living carbon and silicon quota averaged 0.47% and 0.66%, respectively, while that of Synechococcus stood at 2.58% and 1.77%, indicating the predominance of Synechococcus as a weakly siliceous organism with high cell abundance in oligotrophic seas. Overall, this study draws on data from diatom and picophytoplankton biomass in the EIO to offer insights into the disproportionate carbon and silicon budgets in oligotrophic oceans from a biological perspective.
Refractory massive chylothorax following robot-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy with pericardial devascularization treated with trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a case report
Authors: Deng Xiang , Xia Jun
Published: September 2024

The development of a chylothorax after robot-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization (LSPD) is rare. The robot-assisted procedure is similar to the standard LSPD, but surgeons must remain vigilant about potential chylothorax caused by recurrence of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis, an event that leads to variceal bleeding in the gastric fundus or a massive chylothorax caused by a thoracic duct fistula. We report a rare case of massive chylothorax after robot-assisted LSPD and review the literature to help elucidate the mechanisms of portal hypertension after LSPD, reduce surgical complications, and improve long-term patient outcomes. After LSPD, portal pressure monitoring, coagulation function testing, and portal vein CT imaging help in excluding portal vein thromboses and ensuring appropriate anticoagulation to reduce the development of thoracic duct fistulas. If portal hypertension recurs after surgery and a high-output chylothorax develops, conservative treatment becomes ineffective. Treatment with an active trans-jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is recommended to lower the portal pressure.
Mixed thyrotropin-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor coexisting with Graves' disease: a case report
Authors: Huang Yijing , Wen Xiaoming , Liang Xinxin , Xu Lingling
Published: September 2024

Background

Thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are recognized as a rare disease. Mixed TSH PitNETs account for 20–25% of TSH PitNETs. This study aimed to report an extremely rare case of a mixed TSH PitNET coexisting with Graves' disease (GD) and also to review the literature.

Case presentation

A 36-year-old male patient presented with elevated levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) but a non-suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level. His anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb), and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) tests were positive. Symptoms of palpitations, hyperhidrosis, heat intolerance, and irritability appeared 2 years before his admission. However, he showed neither any signs nor any symptoms of acromegaly. The contrast-enhanced pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed enlargement of the pituitary fossa, with an irregular abnormal signal mass. The patient underwent endoscopic pituitary tumor resection via a transsphenoidal approach. The postoperative pathology suggested a mixed pituitary adenoma. At 8 months after the surgery, the patient had a postoperative recurrence of hyperthyroidism, and methimazole (MMI) was then administered. The recurrence of the TSH PitNET was confirmed by the positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), which was performed 11 months after the surgery, and treatment with lanreotide was initiated. Gradually, his levels of FT3, FT4, TSH, TPOAb, and TgAb became normal and the levels of TRAb and IGF-1 improved.

Conclusion

When the circulating levels of both FT4 and FT3 were upregulated, non-suppressed TSH levels and positive thyroid antibodies were found. TSH PitNETs coexisting with GD should be carefully taken into account to avoid the potential risk of treatment-induced tumor progression.
Mapping knowledge domain of acupuncture for Parkinson’s disease: a bibliometric and visual analysis
Authors: Zhao Yanqing , Huang Li , Li Wentao
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study points to probing the inclination and mapping knowledge domain of acupuncture for Parkinson’s disease through bibliometrics.

Methods

A search was conducted on 1 February 2024 using the Web of Science to identify papers published on acupuncture for Parkinson’s disease. The analysis included scientific research, countries, organizations, authors/cited authors, keywords, journals, and cited references. Bibliometric data were analyzed using VOSviewer software, CiteSpace, GraphPad Prism, and Scimago Graphica. The studies on acupuncture for Parkinson’s disease were visualized as a network map according to the publication year.

Results

The cumulative publication trend on acupuncture for Parkinson’s disease is increasing year by year. China is the leading contributor in this field. International collaboration is predominantly concentrated in Europe, while institutional collaboration is chiefly limited to Chinese universities specializing in traditional Chinese medicine. Park HJ is the most prolific author, with “Movement Disorders” being the journal with the most publications. “Brain Research” is identified as a key journal, reflecting a focus on neuroscience. Kim SN is the most cited author, while Eisenberg DM is a prominent author in this field. Research topics such as mouse models, systematic reviews, and non-motor symptoms are frequently explored, with messenger RNA of substantia nigra emerging as a notable keyword in this field. Choi YG’s 2009 paper, published in the Neuroscience Letters journal, is a critical reference in this field. Key papers include Eisenberg DM’s 1998 study on randomized trials of acupuncture for non-motor symptoms of PD, as well as research focusing on the neuroinflammatory regulatory mechanisms of acupuncture for PD.

Conclusion

The bibliometric analysis offers an exhaustive generality of the advancement and worldwide trends in acupuncture treatments for Parkinson’s disease, shedding light on potential avenues for prospective research.
Genome-wide association analysis and admixture mapping in a Puerto Rican cohort supports an Alzheimer disease risk locus on chromosome 12
Authors: Akgun Bilcag , Feliciano-Astacio Briseida E. , Hamilton-Nelson Kara L. , Scott Kyle , Rivero Joe , Adams Larry D. , Sanchez Jose J. , Valladares Glenies S. , Tejada Sergio , Bussies Parker L. , Silva-Vergara Concepcion , Rodriguez Vanessa C. , Mena Pedro R. , Celis Katrina , Whitehead Patrice G. , Prough Michael , Kosanovic Christina , Van Booven Derek J. , Schmidt Michael A. , Acosta Heriberto , Griswold Anthony J. , Dalgard Clifton L. , McInerney Katalina F. , Beecham Gary W. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Vance Jeffery M. , Pericak-Vance Margaret A. , Rajabli Farid
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Hispanic/Latino populations are underrepresented in Alzheimer Disease (AD) genetic studies. Puerto Ricans (PR), a three-way admixed (European, African, and Amerindian) population is the second-largest Hispanic group in the continental US. We aimed to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and comprehensive analyses to identify novel AD susceptibility loci and characterize known AD genetic risk loci in the PR population.

Materials and methods

Our study included Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and phenotype data from 648 PR individuals (345 AD, 303 cognitively unimpaired). We used a generalized linear-mixed model adjusting for sex, age, population substructure, and genetic relationship matrix. To infer local ancestry, we merged the dataset with the HGDP/1000G reference panel. Subsequently, we conducted univariate admixture mapping (AM) analysis.

Results

We identified suggestive signals within the SLC38A1 and SCN8A genes on chromosome 12q13. This region overlaps with an area of linkage of AD in previous studies (12q13) in independent data sets further supporting. Univariate African AM analysis identified one suggestive ancestral block (p = 7.2×10−6) located in the same region. The ancestry-aware approach showed that this region has both European and African ancestral backgrounds and both contributing to the risk in this region. We also replicated 11 different known AD loci -including APOE- identified in mostly European studies, which is likely due to the high European background of the PR population.

Conclusion

PR GWAS and AM analysis identified a suggestive AD risk locus on chromosome 12, which includes the SLC38A1 and SCN8A genes. Our findings demonstrate the importance of designing GWAS and ancestry-aware approaches and including underrepresented populations in genetic studies of AD.
Predictors of sleepiness in a large-scale epidemiology study ESSE-RF
Authors: Bochkarev Mikhail , Korostovtseva Lyudmila , Rotar Oxana , Verbitskaya Elena , Sviryaev Yurii , Zhernakova Yulia , Shalnova Svetlana , Konradi Alexandra , Chazova Irina , Boytsov Sergey , Shlyakhto Evgeny
Published: September 2024

Introduction

To identify predictors of excessive daytime sleepiness we analyzed data from the ‘Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases in regions of Russia (ESSE-RF)’ study.

Methods

Data from participants of the cohort study ESSE-RF (2012–2013), aged 25–64 years, from 13 regions of Russia were analyzed (2012–2013). The participants were interviewed regarding their sleep complaints, including difficulties with initiating and maintaining sleep, sleepiness, and use of sleeping pills. Sleepiness was considered significant if it occurred at least three times a week. The examination encompassed social, demographic, and anthropometric measures, lifestyle factors, self-reported diseases, and laboratory parameters. The final analysis included 13,255 respondents.

Results

Frequent (≥3 times/week) sleepiness was reported by 5,8%, and occasional sleepiness (1–2 times/week) by 10.8% of respondents. Multivariate regression analysis identified significant predictors of frequent sleepiness. Sleep complaints (insomnia, sleep apnea, snoring) and frequent use of sleep medication were prominent factors. Additionally, age, female gender, higher education, and retirement status were associated with sleepiness. Beyond demographics and sleep, the analysis revealed predictors: abnormal anxiety levels, low high-density lipoprotein, high salt intake and following medical conditions: arrhythmia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, other heart diseases, and renal disease.

Conclusion

This study identified a significant prevalence of EDS in Russians, aligning with global trends. However, findings suggest potential regional variations. Analysis revealed a complex interplay of factors contributing to EDS, highlighting the importance of individualized treatment approaches for improved sleep health.
Dose–response relationship of dietary Omega-3 fatty acids on slowing phenotypic age acceleration: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu Dongzhe , Jia Yishuai , Liu Yujia , Shang Mingyu
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the association between dietary Omega-3 fatty acid intake and accelerated phenotypic aging, referred to as PhenoAgeAccel. PhenoAgeAccel is defined as the difference between phenotypic biological age, calculated using blood biochemical markers, and chronological age. This study assesses the potential of Omega-3 intake to slow biological aging and its implications for public health.

Methods

Utilizing data from the NHANES from 1999 to 2018, this cross-sectional study included 20,337 adult participants. Through a nationally representative sample combined with comprehensive phenotypic age calculation methods, a cross-sectional analysis of Omega-3 fatty acid intake and accelerated phenotypic aging was conducted. Weighted generalized linear regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses were applied to explore the potential non-linear relationships between them. Threshold effects were further clarified through piecewise regression models, and the impact of different demographic and health characteristics was evaluated through interaction effect tests.

Results

After adjusting for various potential confounding factors, a significant negative correlation was found between Omega-3 fatty acid intake and PhenoAgeAccel (β = −0.071; 95% CI: −0.119, −0.024; p = 0.004), indicating that an increase in Omega-3 intake is associated with a slowdown in PhenoAgeAccel. Specifically, for each unit increase in Omega-3 intake, the accelerated phenotypic aging decreased by an average of 0.071 units, revealing a significant linear negative correlation between Omega-3 intake and PhenoAgeAccel. Moreover, threshold effect analysis identified an Omega-3 fatty acid intake threshold (1.103 grams/day), beyond which the impact of Omega-3 intake on accelerated phenotypic aging tends to stabilize. Additionally, factors such as gender, age, race, and hypertension may influence the relationship between Omega-3 intake and PhenoAgeAccel, suggesting individual dietary guidance needs in different populations.

Conclusion

This study highlights the potential role of dietary Omega-3 fatty acids in regulating PhenoAgeAccel and supports the strategy of delaying the aging process through dietary interventions to increase Omega-3 intake. The findings of this study contributes to the development of precise nutritional intervention strategies for different populations to optimize healthy longevity.
Association between breastfeeding duration and BMI, 2009–2018: a population-based study
Authors: Sun Jiaqing , Han Jian , Jiang Xiaofeng , Ying Yali , Li Shenghao
Published: September 2024

Background

In the 21st century, childhood overweight and obesity have become major public health issues worldwide. Previous studies have shown that breastfeeding helps prevent overweight or obesity in children. Despite the significant advantages of breastfeeding, the global exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants under 6 months old is only 40%, while in the United States, the rate is only 25%. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between breastfeeding duration and BMI in children aged 2 to 6 in the United States, and to raise awareness of breastfeeding.

Methods

A cross-sectional study included 2,769 participants between the ages of 2 and 6 from a sample that represented the entire NHANES 2009–2018. Data was analyzed using EmpowerStats, (www.empowerstats.com) linear regression as well as Chi-square test, t-tests, multivariate regression analysis and smooth cure fitting were done.

Results

Breastfeeding duration long-term group exhibited a statistically significant negative association with BMI, with a regression coefficient of −0.21 (P < 0.05). The continuous analysis of breastfeeding duration by tertile also demonstrate a statistically significant negative association with BMI. Subgroup analysis revealed that the potential benefits of breastfeeding on BMI were more obvious in low-income environments and maternal age 18 to 35 years, with a regression coefficient of −0.57 and −0.24, respectively (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings emphasize the importance of breastfeeding in reducing childhood overweight/obesity and preventing associated diseases, both in clinical and public health settings.
Exosome in renal cell carcinoma progression and implications for targeted therapy
Authors: Li Xinwei , Xiao Wen , Yang Hongmei , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: September 2024

Renal cell carcinoma is a urological malignancy with a high metastatic rate, while targeted therapy for renal cell carcinoma still has much room for improvement. Some cutting-edge researches have focused on exosome in cancer treatment and there are some breakthroughs in breast cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Up to now, exosome in renal cell carcinoma progression and implications for targeted therapy has been under research by scientists. In this review, we have summarized the structure, formation, uptake, functions, and detection of exosomes, classified the mechanisms of exosomes that cause renal cell carcinoma progression, and listed the promising utilization of exosomes in targeted therapy for renal cell carcinoma. In all, based on the mechanisms of exosomes causing renal cell carcinoma progression and borrowing the successful experience from renal cell carcinoma models and other cancers, exosomes will possibly be a promising target for therapy in renal cell carcinoma in the foreseeable future.
Saffron (Crocus sativus) and its constituents in ovalbumin-induced asthma model: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ghobadi Hassan , Aslani Farzin , Boskabady Mohammad Hossein , Saadat Saeideh , Aslani Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2024

Background

Animal and human studies have demonstrated that the saffron and the active components of saffron, including crocin, crocetin, and safranal, possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In this meta-analysis, the preclinical evidence and potential mechanism of saffron were explored in an animal model of ovalbumin-induced asthma.

Methods

Studies related to saffron and its constituents in an animal model of ovalbumin-induced asthma from the beginning to March 2024 were searched from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the 15-item CAMARADES checklist. Data analysis was performed using STATA software version 17.

Results

Thirteen studies with 536 animals (268 animals in the intervention group and 268 animals in the ovalbumin-induced group) were analyzed. The meta-analysis findings demonstrated that saffron and its constituents played a significant role in reducing total WBC, eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts. Moreover, saffron showed a significant decrease in the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE, histamine, endothelin, nitric oxide, and nitrite. Moreover, saffron was found to elevate EC50 thresholds and lower maximum response rates in experimental animals. The analysis revealed a significant identification of modulation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and miRNAs pathways.

Conclusion

Saffron and its components may impact ovalbumin-induced asthma model in animals through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory pathways, as well as improving pulmonary function and modulating ER stress markers and miRNAs pathways. As a result, saffron should be considered for further clinical trials in individuals suffering from asthma.
Dialectal tsunamis emerging from the Simmel effect: a statistical approach to the snail-paced spread of cultural epidemic
Authors: Hayata Kazuya
Published: September 2024

An attempt is made to settle the controversy on a theory of the concentric distribution of dialectal variants for snails. This theory was presented in 1927 by Kunio Yanagita (1875–1962), outstanding Japanese folklorist. Over more than 95 years, however, its verification remains pending. On the basis of the recent achievement in the linguistic atlas project, time series analysis is made for fitting to the long-tailed rank-frequency relations of cumulative syllabics that are included in the entire dialect sequence of snails. The time reversal asymmetry (TRA) is revealed through comparison between the forward and backward analysis. The validity of the methodology is confirmed through comparison with results for several examples. Computed results show substantial TRAs between the periphery-to-center and center-to-periphery analysis for fitting to the long-tailed distribution in the cumulative frequency versus rank. This feature for the categorial data sequence is consistent with those observed for typical numerical data such as music and heartbeat signals that obey non-Gaussian statistics. Application to the most parsimonious principle yields results being compatible with the above ones, which reproduces the validity of our conclusion. Finally, perturbation analysis is made for several artificially disturbed arrangements of the dialectal strata.
A clinician’s perspective on the new organ mesentery and non-vascular mesenteropathies
Authors: Ahmed Monjur
Published: September 2024

Mesentery was discovered as a new organ in 2017. It is a continuous membranous tissue from the duodenojejunal flexure to the anorectal junction. It has distinct anatomy, physiology, and disease states. Primary mesenteropathies include vascular and non-vascular diseases. Some of them are common, and some of them are rarely seen in clinical practice. Secondary mesenteropathies occur when infection or malignancy in another organ spreads to the mesentery. Each entity has specific diagnostic and treatment protocols. Increased awareness of different mesenteropathies and an understanding of their various presentations at different stages of life can help in early diagnosis and improved clinical outcomes.
Perceiving affordances and the problem of visually indiscernible kinds
Authors: Hansen Mette Kristine
Published: September 2024

In this study, I defend the claim that we can perceptually experience what objects afford when we engage with objects belonging to natural or artificial categorical high-level kinds. Experiencing affordances perceptually positions us to act in specific ways. The main aim of this study was to argue that this view has explanatory advantages over alternative views. An increasingly popular view within the philosophy of perception, most famously defended by Susanna Siegel, claims that we sometimes visually experience natural and artificial objects as belonging to categorical high-level kinds. When visually experiencing a lemon, one does not only experience its low-level properties such as shape and color, sometimes one also experiences the object as a lemon. A challenge arises when attempting to explain what happens when one experiences an object that is experientially indistinguishable from another object, yet these objects belong to different high-level categorical kinds. For instance, if someone perceptually experiences a lemon as a lemon, her experience can be considered as accurately representing or presenting a lemon. However, if the subject perceptually experiences a lemon-shaped soap bar, which cannot be discriminated from a real lemon by sight alone, the experience is deemed inaccurate because there is no real lemon present. The problem is that such a judgment seems counterintuitive; unlike with hallucinations and illusions, there seems to be nothing wrong with how the object appears. Therefore, it is difficult to understand how the mistake could be a perceptual mistake. I will first present arguments supporting the claim that when we visually encounter objects such as lemons, we sometimes also perceive the affordances of these objects—what they provide or offer us. I will further argue that this perspective on affordances offers a more compelling explanation than other alternative accounts when it comes to our perception of visually indistinguishable objects that nonetheless belong to categorically distinct high-level kinds.
Measuring general sense of agency: a Japanese adaptation and validation of the sense of agency scale (J-SoAS)
Authors: Xu Wenzhen , Legaspi Roberto , Ishikawa Yuichi , Washida Yuichi
Published: September 2024

The Sense of Agency (SoA) refers to the individual’s perception of control over actions and their subsequent impact on the external environment. SoA encompasses multiple dimensions, such as implicit/local and explicit/general, which can be quantitatively assessed through cognitive tasks and psychometric questionnaires, respectively. The explicit and general aspect of SoA is commonly evaluated using the Sense of Agency Scale (SoAS). This study’s objective is to adapt and validate a Japanese version of the Tapal-SoAS. To achieve this, we distributed an online survey in three stages, gathering data from 8,237 Japanese participants aged between their 20s and 60s. Our analysis confirmed the bifactorial structure identified in the original study: the Sense of Positive Agency (SoPA) and the Sense of Negative Agency (SoNA). Metrics pertaining to test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity reached satisfactory thresholds. Furthermore, the two-factor models demonstrated suitable fit across various age cohorts. The Japanese version of the SoAS (J-SoAS) shows potential for cross-cultural comparisons of explicit and general SoA, particularly between Western and Eastern populations, and among distinct age groups, including young adults and the elderly.
Practices, strategies, and challenges in antibiotic treatment and prevention of antimicrobial resistance from the perspectives of Romanian community pharmacists and general practitioners: a Goffman-inspired qualitative interview study
Authors: Balea Lavinia Bianca , Glasdam Stinne
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a persistent and ascensive global threat influenced by antibiotic misuse and overuse. In the Romanian context, patterns of antibiotic consumption and resistance within the healthcare system are marked in the red scenario on the European map. General practitioners and pharmacists, among others, play a major role in stewardship towards AMR.

Aim

To explore the practices, strategies, and challenges in antibiotic treatment and prevention of antimicrobial resistance from the perspectives of Romanian community pharmacists and general practitioners.

Method and Materials

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six general practitioners and five community pharmacists in Romania from January to March 2024. An inductive, Goffman theory-inspired thematic analysis was conducted, inspired by Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method, consisting of familiarization with the data, iterative coding guided by theoretically inspired questions, and identification and refinement of (sub)themes. Goffman’s theory of social interaction, focusing on the concepts of front stage, backstage, and roles, guided the analytical questions.

Results

The results were presented in three overarching themes: ‘Knowledge acquired backstage to support challenges and performance on front stage’, ‘Adapting roles and performances on the front stage: A mix of structured and twisted acts’, and ‘Interprofessional Collaboration: A latent part in the play’s roles and performances’. Professionals prepared their understandings of AMR and antibiotics backstage, with an awareness of the challenges rooted in the Romanian context. The front stage scenario evolved from structured antibiotic performances led by AMR strategies with compliant actors to challenging performances influenced by actors which changed the course of performances and intended AMR strategies. The revealed competition between general practitioners and pharmacists further complicated antibiotic use and AMR-related performances.

Conclusion

The Romanian socio-political system influenced the course of antibiotic treatment and the professionals’ intended antibiotic related practices and AMR strategies. The study showed a theory-practice gap in health professionals’ practices, leading to limited strategy integration towards AMR and increased antibiotic use. The study underscores the need for context-specific policies and interventions to minimize identified gaps.