bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Clinical Pathway Pasien Hyperbilirubinemia Neonatus Di Rumah Sakit Hermina Pandanaran Semarang
Authors: Sanjaya Edwin , Kuntjoro Tjahjono , Setyawan Henry
Published: September 2020

Hyperbilirubinemia neonatus adalah suatu kondisi peningkatan kadar bilirubin dalam darah pada bayi baru lahir, baik oleh faktor fisiologik maupun faktor non-fisiologik, yang dapat menyebabkan kematian pada bayi. Lama rawat pasien hyperbilirubinemia neonatus di RS Hermina Pandanaran 4,3 hari (± 0,675) tidak sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan yaitu 3 hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui alasan-alasan tenaga kesehatan melakukan atau tidak melakukan prosedur sesuai dengan clinical pathway.Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif yang disajikan secara explanatory design. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Informan utama pada penelitian ini adalah 3 dokter spesialis anak dan 3 perawat pelaksana, dan Informan triangulasi yaitu manajer pelayanan medis, kepala instalasi dan kepala perawat ruang perinatologi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode content analysis.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 10 kasus yang diamati, rata-rata kepatuhan sebesar 92,18% (±1,77). Pemeriksaan uji Coomb dan G6PD tidak dilakukan karena pemeriksaan tersebut tidak bisa dilakukan di RS Hermina Pandanaran dan hanya 70% dari dilakukan pemeriksaan ulang bilirubin total karena alasan biaya. Sosialisasi belum berjalan dengan baik karena baru dilakukan di awal saat masuk bekerja. Belum dilakukan pengecekan sarana dan prasarana secara rutin. Tidak ada tim dan Standar Operasional Prosedur untuk monitoring dan evaluasi pelaksanaan Clinical pathway.Disarankan agar pihak Rumah Sakit  mensosialisasikan kembali Clinical Pathway yang telah disusun, membentuk tim monitoring dan evaluasi pelaksanaan Clinical Pathway dan membuat Standar Operasional Prosedur  monitoring dan evaluasi Clinical pathway.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Surveilans Leptospirosis Di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang
Authors: Muna Charisna Neilal , Agushybana Farid , Raharjo Mursid
Published: September 2020

Kasus leptospirosis masih menjadi perhatian terutama di negara tropis, seperti Indonesia. Kota Semarang menjadi salah satu kota dengan kejadian leptospirosis yang mengalami peningkatan dalam 2 tahun terakhir. Surveilans epidemiologi dilakukan dalam rangka pengendalian leptospirosis. Permasalahan yang terjadi dalam surveilans leptospirosis, yaitu manajemen data yang kurang lengkap, informasi dan pemetaan kasus kurang informatif, serta akses pengguna terhadap ketersediaan data yang kurang memadai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengembangan sistem informasi surveilans leptospirosis dengan SIG dalam mendukung pengendalian berdasarkan faktor risiko lingkungan di Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang. Metode penelitian adalah research action dengan pendekatan kualitatif, serta pengembangan sistem dengan metode FAST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas informasi yang dihasilkan menurut aspek kemudahan, kelengkapan, ketersediaan, keakuratan, dan ketepatan waktu telah dinilai lebih baik dan mampu mengatasi permasalahan yang ada sebelumnya untuk mendukung tindakan pengendalian. Sistem informasi surveilans leptospirosis dapat diaplikasikan di sarana pelayanan kesehatan untuk melaporkan kasus secara langsung agar jangkauan data dan informasi lebih luas, akurat, dan efisien.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Guna Mendukung Pencatatan dan Pelaporan Program Pengendalian Penyakit Diare Di Kabupaten Musi Rawas.
Authors: Liyenti Arsep , Widodo Aris Puji , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: September 2020

Penyakit diare merupakan penyakit yang bepotensi wabah yang dapat menimbulkan kejadian luar biasa. Agar hal tersebut tidak terjadi maka harus dilakukan pemantauan kasus diare dari pencatatan dan pelaporan program pengendalian penyakit diare. Survey awal yang telah dilakukan mengindikasikan adanya permasalahan pada sistem informasi yang saat ini berlangsung yaitu dalam hal pengumpulan dan pengolahan serta analisis data program pengendalian penyakit diare yang mengakibatkan terjadinya keterlambatan, ketidakakuratan dan ketidaklengkapan data dan informasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggembangkan suatu sistem informasi yang dapat mendukung pencatatan dan pelaporan program pengendalian penyakit diare.       Penelitian yang  dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan metode pengembangan sistem adalah Framework for Application of  System Technique (FAST). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Subjek penelitian adalah 3 Bidan dan 3 pengelola program pengendalian penyakit diare Puskesmas sebagai informan utama serta 1 pengelola program pengendalian penyakit diare Dinas Kesehatan sebagai informan trigulasi. Analisis isi dilakukan untuk menganalisis data kualitatif.       Pengembangan sistem informasi pencatatan dan pelaporan program pengendalian penyakit diare disesuaikan berdasarkan kebutuhan pengguna yaitu Bidan, pengelola program pengendalian penyakit diare Puskesmas dan Dinas Kesehatan yang mengacu pada format pelaporan program pengendalian penyakit diare. Bidan dan pengelola program pengendalian penyakit diare Puskesmas melakukan input data pasien dan hasil pemeriksaan pasien diare dengan menggunakan telepon seluler berbasis android sehingga dapat dilakukan pada saat pemeriksaan pasien secara langsung. Hal ini untuk mengatasi keterlambatan dalam mengumpulkan data.       Disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan sistem informasi pencatatan dan pelaporan program pengendalian penyakit diare menghasilkan sistem yang membantu dalam pengumpulan, pengelolaan dan analisi data program pengendalian penyakit diare. Sistem ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh Bidan, pengelola program pengendalian penyakit diare Puskesmas dan Dinas Kesehatan sebagai pendukung dalam pengambilan kebijakan kesehatan bagi program pengendalian penyakit diare di wilayah kerja masing-masing.
Hubungan Status Gizi Ibu Saat Hamil Dengan Berat Lahir Bayi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pegantenan Pamekasan
Authors: Pramudieta Eka , Mulyani Endah , Safriana Rizka Esty , Rachmawati Aidha
Published: September 2020

AbstrakIbu  hamil  dengan  status  gizi  buruk atau mengalami  KEK  (Kurang  Energi  Kronis)  cenderung  melahirkan  bayi  BBLR  dan dihadapkan  pada  risiko  kematian  yang  lebih  besar  dibanding  dengan  bayi  yang dilahirkan  ibu  dengan  berat  badan  yang  normal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan  antara  status  gizi  ibu  dengan  berat  bayi  lahir  di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pegantenan Pamekasan pada  bulan Mei – Juni 2018. Jenis penelitian analtik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 40 orang dengan menggunakan simple random sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel 36 orang diuji menggunakkan uji chi square dan pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakkan kuisioner. Ibu bersalin di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pegantenan Pamekasan pada bulan Mei – Juni 2018 hampir seluruhnya memiliki status gizi baik yaitu 80,6%, dan berat lahir bayinya hampir seluruhnya > 2500gr. Hasil uji chi-square diperoleh nilai p = 0,003 dan α = 0,05 maka p< α, artinya ada hubungan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara status gizi ibu dengan bayi berat bayi lahir di wilayah kerja puskesmas pegantenan pamekasan. Kata Kunci : status gizi, ibu hamil, berat bayi lahir.
Limits of Personalization of Default Rules
Authors: Bender Philip M.
Published: September 2020

The ‘personalization of the law,’ based on new technological possibilities such as algorithmic analysis of Big Data, is said to be the wave of the future. Especially default rules seem to be particularly apt for personalization, because they are – at first glance – supposed to mirror what the parties would have wanted. This article aims to unveil the limits of preference-based personalization of default rules. In the first part, I attack default rule personalization on theoretical grounds. I analyze the theoretical underpinnings of default rule personalization, which I describe as ‘empirical subjectivism,’ and I challenge this position with arguments from classical and behavioral law and economics. I thereby develop the opposite explanatory model: ‘normative objectivism.’ The arguments presented also provide new insights of default rule analysis which are valid well beyond the personalization debate. The ‘default rule paradox,’ ‘pushing vs pulling default rules,’ or the analysis of default rules as ‘property rules’ and as ‘rules of civility’ are some examples. In the second part, I attack default rule personalization on constitutional grounds with particular focus on the Constitutions of the United States and Germany, as well as the European Charter of Fundamental Rights. So far, neither default rules nor personalization have received a detailed analysis based on constitutional principles. My article provides this analysis with regard to the principles of freedom and equality. I show how personalization reduces freedom in the private and public sphere, because the so-called choice- or agency-dimension of freedom will be significantly limited. In broader terms, the paternalistic tendencies of personalization will trigger the replacement of the ‘entrepreneur’ and ‘citizen’ by the ‘consumer’ as role-model of societal organization. Economically, this development will be accompanied by a shift from capitalism to what I call ‘micro-socialism.’ With regard to the principle of equality, I analyze how personalization leads to inequality by distinguishing ‘intra-preference-classifications’ and ‘inter-preference-classifications.’ I then present justification problems, especially with regard to discriminations that trigger strict and intermediate scrutiny. Finally, I sketch out how personalization would dissolve the essence of the principle of equality and thereby trigger a shift ‘from contract to contact’ or ‘from association to accumulation,’ which is no less important than the previous societal shift ‘from status to contract’ or ‘from community to association.’ In sum, the article combines different discourses around default rules, personalization, and constitutional law, and thereby provides new insights in each of them.
Influence of extrusion process parameters on specific mechanical energy and physical properties of high-moisture meat analog
Authors: Maung The-Thiri , Gu Bon-Yeob , Ryu Gi-Hyung
Published: September 2020

To investigate the effect of process parameters during high-moisture extrusion on system parameter (specific mechanical energy, SME) and product physical properties, blend of soy protein isolate, wheat gluten, and corn starch (50:40:10 w/w) was extruded using co-rotating twin screw extruder equipped with cooling die at 55 and 65% feed moisture, 150 and 170 °C barrel temperature, 150 and 200 rpm screw speed. The hardness and chewiness of products increased as all the extrusion process parameters became low. Among the tested range of process parameters in this study, a combination of high moisture (65%), high barrel temperature (170 °C), and low screw speed (150 rpm) generated the low SME input (less energy consumption) with high texturization degree of meat analogs. Layer and fibrous structure formation of the samples were influenced by variations in process parameters, primarily feed moisture and barrel temperature.
Solvability of fractional differential inclusions with nonlocal initial conditions via resolvent family of operators
Authors: Chang Yong-Kui , Ponce Rodrigo , Yang Xu-Sheng
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we consider mild solutions to fractional differential inclusions with nonlocal initial conditions. The main results are proved under conditions that (i) the multivalued term takes convex values with compactness of resolvent family of operators; (ii) the multivalued term takes nonconvex values with compactness of resolvent family of operators and (iii) the multivalued term takes nonconvex values without compactness of resolvent family of operators, respectively.
Cultural awareness in an Iranian English language classroom: A teaching intervention in an interculturally “conservative” setting
Authors: Abdzadeh Yasmina , Baker Will
Published: September 2020

Despite Iran’s increasing use of English as a lingua franca (ELF) and its growing position as a more open country to international relationships, Iran’s education policy is still culturally conservative and intercultural language education is absent from the national curriculum and hence classrooms. In response, this article presents the results of a ten-session course focused on implementing and developing cultural awareness (CA) in an Iranian English language classroom. The data revealed that this course had a positive effect in developing students’ levels of CA, moving from basic in the first half of the course towards advanced in the second half. This provides important empirical evidence illustrating the value of systematic instruction of CA in students’ cultural learning. Furthermore, this course was the first of its kind in the predominantly monolingual, culturally restricted context of this study, where intercultural education is missing from the curriculum, yet where students are likely to use ELF for intercultural communication while travelling abroad or inside the country for communication purposes with non-Iranians. This study, thus, demonstrates the feasibility and documents the processes of integrating intercultural teaching into English education, specifically in contexts where educators might be limited by language policy makers.
The effect of an oxytocin washout period on blood loss at cesarean delivery
Authors: Cochrane Elizabeth , Huber Ashley , Jou Christopher , Chappelle Joseph
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Prolonged oxytocin exposure may result in increased blood loss during delivery. Our objective was to determine whether an oxytocin rest period before cesarean delivery had an impact on blood loss.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of women who underwent primary cesarean delivery after oxytocin augmentation. The primary outcome was change between pre- and postoperative hematocrit (Hct) in women with less than 60-min oxytocin rest period (<60 min) and greater than 60-min rest period (>60 min).

Results

There was no difference in demographic characteristics (age, BMI, or gestational age at delivery) between the two groups. Women in the >60 min group had a higher cumulative dose and longer duration of oxytocin administration. There was no significant difference in change in Hct between the two groups when controlling for these factors.

Conclusions

We did not find a significant correlation between the duration of the oxytocin rest period and blood loss. Oxytocin washout periods of greater than 60 min may not result in decreased blood loss at cesarean delivery, and thus, women may not benefit from such oxytocin washout periods.
A Comparison of the Learning Outcomes for a PBL-based Information Literacy Course in Three Different Innovative Teaching Environments
Authors: Chang Naicheng , Wang Zhiqiang , Hsu Sheila Hsuanyu
Published: September 2020

This study proposes an innovative blended flipped and online mode for PBL-flipped and PBL-online study, a PBL-blended format of instruction. The study determines whether different pedagogical strategies – PBL-flipped, PBL-online and PBL-blended – influence the validation results for the ARCS model and the PBL learning outcomes. The study population consists of 116 students who use the general education Information and Literacy Ethics digital materials for higher education produced by the Ministry of Education in Taiwan. The quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that the paths in the ARCS model are all statistically significant for the three methods of instruction and there are no significant differences among the three methods of instruction in terms of class participation and learning scores. However, there is a very noticeable improvement in the PBL learning process in the aspects of reliable leadership and group collaboration learning in blended groups. Self-directed learning is also enhanced and negative learning attitudes are significantly reduced in blended groups. The study demonstrates that the proposed PBL-blended teaching mode is a more efficient and effective way of promoting PBL learning in information literacy courses.
The Use of Facebook by International Students for Information-seeking in Malaysia: A Social Network Analysis
Authors: Bukhari Sarah , Hamid Suraya , Ravana Sri Devi , Kurnia Sherah , Chang Shanton , Norman Azah Anir , Abdul Ghani Norjihan
Published: September 2020

International students are valuable resources in higher education but they often face challenges due to lack of social engagement and unfamiliarity with the new social context. The use of social network sites (SNS) such as Facebook has the potential to support international students, but limited studies have examined the actual information seeking behaviour of this group of students. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the use of Facebook groups as an example of an SNS by international students for information seeking purposes. Data were downloaded from the Facebook group of international students that belong to a public university in Malaysia, and the social network analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The result of the network graph metrics showed that 25% international students exhibit a high frequency of interaction, whereas 75% of students present low interaction. Meanwhile, the result of the vertex text attribute method identified three types of information exchange, as follows: 1) information need; 2) information source; and 3) general information during the interaction of international students. The information needs of international students differ before and after arriving in Malaysia. Thus, Facebook groups provide a platform for international students to seek information, gain knowledge, remain updated with university news, make decisions and solve problems. This study offers important implications to research and practice related to the use of social network sites to support international students.
Distributional properties of an agreement marker in Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS)
Authors: Krebs Julia , Wilbur Ronnie B. , Roehm Dietmar
Published: September 2020

This study focuses on the distribution ofagrm-bc, one of two agreement markers used in Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS; Krebs, Julia, Ronnie B. Wilbur & Dietmar Roehm. 2017. Two agreement markers in ÖGS.Sign Language and Linguistics20(1). 27–54), with respect to different “verb types”. Using an online questionnaire, ÖGS signers rated ÖGS sentences involving different verb types that varied in whether they show agreement with their arguments (“agreeing” with two arguments, “plain” with none or only one) and if so, how (movement from subject to object, backwards from object to subject and/or facing towards object). Thus, the verbs differ in the degree and form of expressing agreement. In addition, these verbs either appeared with or withoutagrm-bc. Data analysis revealed that the combination of inflected agreeing verbs and the agreement marker (“double agreement”) is acceptable in ÖGS. If the verb itself does not indicate full agreement (i.e., as in plain verbs)agrm-bccan, but does not have to, be used to indicate the argument structure. Independently, whether the verb showed full agreement marking (movement and facing) or only facing did not influence the acceptability of the occurrence ofagrm-bc. The relatively high ratings for the combination ofagrm-bcwith different verb types suggests thatagrm-bcfunctions as a general agreement marker in ÖGS.
Comparability and measurement in typological science: The bright future for linguistics
Authors: Round Erich R. , Corbett Greville G.
Published: September 2020

Linguistics, and typology in particular, can have a bright future. We justify this optimism by discussing comparability from two angles. First, we take the opportunity presented by this special issue ofLinguistic Typologyto pause for a moment and make explicit some of the logical underpinnings of typological sciences, linguistics included, which we believe are worth reminding ourselves of. Second, we give a brief illustration of comparison, and particularly measurement, within modern typology.
No Good Arguments for Causal Closure
Authors: Buhler Keith
Published: September 2020

Many common arguments for physicalism begin with the principle that the cosmos is “causally closed.” But how good are the arguments for causal closure itself? I argue that the deductive, a priori arguments on behalf of causal closure tend to beg the question. The extant inductive arguments fare no better. They commit a sampling error or a non-sequitur, or else offer conclusions that remain compatible with causal openness. In short, we have no good arguments that the physical world is causally closed.
Erasmus versus Luther: A Contemporary Analysis of the Debate on Free Will
Authors: Visala Aku , Vainio Olli-Pekka
Published: September 2020

In this article, we will use contemporary analytic tools to make sense of the main arguments in the classic debate on free will between Erasmus of Rotterdam and the Reformer Martin Luther. Instead of offering another exegesis of these texts, we put forward an analysis that links this historical debate with contemporary discussions on free will and grace in philosophical theology. We argue that the debate was ultimately about how three theological core claims are related to one another: the Anti-Pelagian Constraint (humans are incapable of willing any good, in order to come to faith), the Responsibility Principle (humans are morally responsible in the eyes of God) and human free will. Erasmus attacks Luther by arguing that the Responsibility Principle cannot be maintained without free will, while Luther responds by arguing that Erasmus must reject free will, because it is in conflict with the Anti-Pelagian Constraint. Luther is then left with the dilemma of justifying the Responsibility Principle without free will – a task, which in our estimation, fails. In the concluding section of the article, we point out some continuities and discontinuities between the contemporary debate and that of Luther and Erasmus.
Von letzten Dingen
Authors: Polke Christian
Published: September 2020

Eschatologische Vorstellungen, wie sie seit jeher Bestandteil christlicher Glaubenswelten waren, sind in der Moderne in eine tiefe Krise geraten. Im Zuge des Wandels des Welt- und Geschichtsbildes haben die klassischen Bilder von Weltende und Gericht, Himmel und Hölle radikal an Plausibilität verloren. Mehr noch: Auch die großen Gestalten der Theologiegeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts waren weitgehend darum bemüht, Eschatologie weniger als materialdogmatische Lehre von den „letzten Dingen“ zu verstehen, denn als prinzipielle Dimension theologischer Reflexion zu begreifen. Vor diesem Hintergrund geht es dem Beitrag um eine Wiedergewinnung der materialdogmatischen Eschatologie. Im Anschluss an methodische Überlegungen Friedrich Schleiermachers steht dabei der Status eschatologischer Aussagen zur Debatte. In dreifacher Hinsicht (hermeneutisch, kritisch, theo-logisch) lässt sich Eschatologie als Arbeit an einem theologischen Wirklichkeitsbegriff begreifen: Sie dient erstens einer kritischen Hermeneutik eschatologischer Imaginationen, sie bemüht sich zweitens um eine Labilisierung fixierter Wirklichkeitsinterpretationen, und sie bestimmt drittens den christlichen Gottesgedanken angesichts schlechthinniger Hinfälligkeit und radikaler Vergänglichkeit aller erfahrbaren Realität fort. »Tod«, »Ewigkeit« und »Auferstehung« markieren diejenigen basalen Symbolgehalte christlicher Eschatologie, deren lebensdienliche Funktion sich in den religiösen Praxisvollzügen bewähren muss, indem durch sie Trost, Hoffnung und Gottvertrauen noch an den Gräbern möglich werden kann.
It’s a Funny Thing, Humor
Authors: Morreall John
Published: September 2020

This article reflects on the oddness of humor and laughter as human behaviors. It argues against classifying humorous amusement as an emotion by contrasting amusement with standard emotions. It then examines amusement as a kind of pleasure, specifically, the enjoyment of psychological shifts. It argues that humor evolved from mock-aggressive play in pre-human apes, with laughter serving as a play signal. Understanding humor as play not only helps explain laughter but also clarifies issues in the ethics of humor, such as the wrongness of racist and sexist jokes, and the question of whether a sense of humor is a virtue.
That’s Not Funny: The Humor of Diogenes
Authors: Marmysz John
Published: September 2020

This article offers an analysis of the role humor plays in the philosophy of Diogenes of Sinope (c. 412–c. 323 BC). It argues that the Cynicism authored by Diogenes is a philosophy premised on a number of doctrines, and that among these doctrines humor holdsthecentral place. The Cynical humor of Diogenes is characterized as more than just a feature of his personality or a method through which he communicates his real message, but as the actual state of mind that he intends to impart to his students.
To Laugh in a Pluralistic Universe: William James and the Philosophy of Humor
Authors: Weidenbaum Jonathan
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this article is to enlist the work of the American philosopher and psychologist William James in order to investigate the deeper significance of humor. It is neither James’s character nor anything he states directly about humor or laughter that is under discussion here, but the cosmos as grasped through his bold metaphysics and rich phenomenological observations. The thought of James, it is argued, discloses our inherence within a universe rife with ambiguity, complexity, and incongruity. I explore how these features of reality, particularly when illuminated through James’s lush prose, may cause us to laugh. In addition, the insights of James are employed to examine the close relationship between humor and certain forms of religious experience, as well as with horror.
Syntax meets discourse: Locative and deictic (directional) inversion in English
Authors: Ojea Ana
Published: September 2020

This paper offers a formal analysis of three constructions in English: locative inversion, central deictic inversion and directional inversion. These constructions constitute thetic statements with a locative intentional base which sets a scene that (re)introduces an entity in the discourse; syntactically, they display a non-canonical word order and have a number of unusual grammatical properties which make them particularly interesting to show how syntax connects, and adapts, to discourse. I propose that they all obtain from a language particular mechanism which involves a functional category LocP that adjusts the computational requirement to have a preverbal subject to the intentional need to have the subject post-verbally. As for the differences among them, they are approached in terms of the features that head LocP and the lexical properties of the verbs that head each of the structures. Ultimately, the paper also serves to discuss the role of certain informational features (the so-called core intentional features) in the syntactic derivation.
Reflecting on Diana Mishkova’s Beyond Balkanism. The Scholarly Politics of Region Making
Authors: Franzinetti Guido , Breuilly John , Hirschhausen Béatrice von , Rutar Sabine , Mishkova Diana
Published: September 2020

In this scholarly panel, Guido Franzinetti, John Breuilly, Béatrice von Hirschhausen, and Sabine Rutar discuss Diana Mishkova’s monograph Beyond Balkanism. The Scholarly Politics of Region Making, published in the Routledge Borderland Studies series (2018; paperback edition 2020). The panel focuses, from various angles, precisely on how ‘region making’ has been influenced by scholarly politics and other kinds of policy discourses. The take of each author is conditioned by their respective expertise in European and global area studies.
Cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects of Viburnum opulus on colon cancer cells: an in vitro study
Authors: Bozali Kubra , Guler Eray Metin , Gulgec Ahmet Sadik , Kocyigit Abdurrahim
Published: September 2020

Objective

Intake of various fruits is quite significant for maintaining the human body, due to their supply of useful constituents. V. opulus has been found to have outstanding antioxidant activity while showing a pro-oxidant effect at high doses. Due to this feature, V. opulus would be anticipated to have a healing impact on cancer treatment. In this study, it has been proposed to examine the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic effects of V. opulus on human colorectal cancer cell.

Method

Different concentrations of V. opulus methanolic extract (5–2000 μg/mL) were incubated for 24 h with colorectal cancer cell line (Lovo). The cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (iROS), DNA damage, and apoptosis were measured after incubation.

Results

The obtained results of this research demonstrate decreased cell viability and increased DNA damage, iROS, and apoptosis levels of V. opulus in Lovo cells in a concentration-dependent manner in the range of 14.88–52.06%. There were strong positive relationships between apoptosis, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity in V. opulus methanolic extract treated cancer cell line.

Discussion

This in vitro research clearly demonstrated that V. opulus methanolic extract induces DNA damage, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in cancer cells due to its pro-oxidant activity.

Conclusion

Although in vitro results are favorable, in vivo and further studies are needed.
Effects of Resistance Training at Different Loads on Inflammatory Biomarkers, Muscle Mass, Muscular Strength, and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Carneiro Marcelo A.S. , de Oliveira Júnior Gersiel N. , de Sousa Jairo F.R. , Murta Eddie F.C. , Orsatti Claudio L. , Michelin Márcia A. , Cyrino Edilson S. , Orsatti Fábio L.
Published: September 2020

Carneiro, MAS, de Oliveira Júnior, GN, de Sousa, JFR, Murta, EFC, Orsatti, CL, Michelin, MA, Cyrino, ES, and Orsatti, FL. Effects of resistance training at different loads on inflammatory biomarkers, muscle mass, muscular strength, and physical performance in postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1582–1590, 2022—It has been suggested that the effect of resistance training (RT) on circulating proinflammatory biomarkers may be dependent on muscle mass gain. A few recent studies have suggested that lower-load RT (LLRT; loads <50% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM] and repetition performed until, or close to, voluntary concentric failure) may be superior to higher-load RT (HLRT; loads >70% of 1RM) in increasing muscle mass. Hence, this study aimed to test whether LLRT is superior to HLRT for increasing muscle mass (total fat-free mass [TFFM] and leg fat-free mass [LFFM]) and improving circulating inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin [IL]-6, IL1-ra, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and extracellular heat shock protein [eHSP]70) in postmenopausal women (PW) (primary outcome). The secondary outcome was to compare the changes in muscular strength and physical performance (4-meter walking test [4-M], timed-up-and-go [TUG] test, and sit-to-stand [STS] test) between the LLRT and HLRT. The PW were randomized into 2 groups: LLRT (n = 14; loads necessary to perform 30–35 repetitions) and HLRT (n = 15; loads necessary to perform 8–12 repetitions). The greater magnitude of increase in LFFM (p = 0.033) was observed in LLRT when compared with HLRT. Moreover, there was a trend for a greater increase in TFFM in LLRT over HLRT (p = 0.070). However, there were similar improvements in TNF-α and muscular strength (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the RT schemes on IL-6, IL-1ra, and eHSP70 levels. Thus, although performing LLRT until, or close to, voluntary concentric failure seems to provide a greater stimulus for an increase in muscle mass than HLRT, it does not seem to affect the responses in circulating inflammatory biomarkers, muscular strength, and physical performance in PW.
Mechanical Characteristics of Heavy vs. Light Load Ballistic Resistance Training in Older Adults
Authors: Rodriguez-Lopez Carlos , Alcazar Julian , Sánchez-Martín Coral , Ara Ignacio , Csapo Robert , Alegre Luis M.
Published: September 2020

Rodriguez-Lopez, C, Alcazar, J, Sánchez-Martín, C, Ara, I, Csapo, R, and Alegre, LM. Mechanical characteristics in heavy vs. light load ballistic resistance training in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2094–2101, 2022—Although power-oriented resistance training (RT) is strongly recommended to counter age-related neuromuscular function declines, there is still controversy about which intensities of load should be used to elicit optimal training adaptations. Knowledge of the mechanical characteristics of power-oriented RT performed at different intensities might help to better understand the training stimulus that triggers load-dependent adaptations in older adults. Using a cross-over design, 15 well-functioning older volunteers (9 men and 6 women; 73.6 ± 3.8 years) completed 2 volume × load-matched ballistic RT sessions with heavy (HL: 6 × 6 × 80% 1-repetition maximum [1RM]) and light-load (LL: 6 × 12 × 40% 1RM) on a horizontal leg press exercise. Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanical variables (work, force, velocity, and power) as well as intraset neuromuscular fatigue (i.e., relative losses in force, velocity, and power) were analyzed. More concentric mechanical work was performed in the LL training session, compared with HL (36.2 ± 11.2%; p < 0.001). Despite the higher mean EMG activity of the quadriceps femoris muscle (13.2 ± 21.1%; p = 0.038) and greater concentric force (35.2 ± 7.6%; p < 0.001) during HL, higher concentric velocity (41.0 ± 12.7%, p < 0.001) and a trend toward higher concentric power (7.2 ± 18.9%, p = 0.075) were found for LL. Relative velocity losses were similar in both sessions (≈10%); however, relative force losses were only found in LL (7.4 ± 6.5%, p = 0.003). Considering the greater mechanical work performed and concentric power generated, ballistic RT using LL may, therefore, represent a stronger stimulus driving training adaptations as compared with volume × load-matched heavy-load training. Relative losses in force and power should be monitored in addition to velocity losses during ballistic RT.
Assessing Interlimb Asymmetries: Are We Heading in the Right Direction?
Authors: Dos’Santos Thomas , Thomas Christopher , Jones Paul A.
Published: September 2020

The investigation of interlimb asymmetries has increased in recent years, with practitioners and researchers typically exploring the impact of interlimb asymmetry on athletic performance, screening interlimb asymmetry in relation to injury risk, and monitoring of interlimb asymmetry during injury rehabilitation. A contentious issue regarding the profiling of interlimb asymmetry is the use of thresholds to determine whether an athlete displays a “meaningful” or potentially “problematic” asymmetry and how to interpret such data. This article aims to outline the potential options available for practitioners and researchers regarding the quantification, monitoring, and interpretation of interlimb asymmetries. A video abstract is available for this article (http://links.lww.com/SCJ/A296).
Mechanisms and Trainability of Peripheral Fatigue in Grappling
Authors: Øvretveit Karsten , Laginestra Fabio Giuseppe
Published: September 2020

Grappling is an ancient form of unarmed combat that has evolved into several distinct combat sports, such as wrestling, judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Despite different styles and rulesets, these sports share several fundamental principles, such as the use of grips to control the opponent. Unsurprisingly, there is a discrepancy in grip strength parameters between grapplers of varying skill levels, and grip performance is also implicated in competition success. This article explores the mechanistic basis of peripheral fatigue and proposes strength and conditioning strategies aimed at attenuating the grappling-induced decline in force-generating capacity and endurance of the forearms and hands.
New Roles for Clinicians in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zeng Fengyi , Liang Xiaowen , Chen Zhiyi
Published: September 2020

With the rapid developments of digital picture processing, pattern recognition, and intelligent algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied in the medical field. The applications of artificial intelligence in medicine (AIM) include diagnosis generation, therapy selection, healthcare management, disease stratification, etc. Among the applications, the focuses of AIM are assisting clinicians in implementing disease detection, quantitative measurement, and differential diagnosis to improve diagnostic accuracy and optimize treatment selection. Thus, researchers focus on creating and refining modeling processes, including the processes of data collection, data preprocessing, and data partitioning as well as how models are configured, evaluated, optimized, clinically applied, and used for training. However, there is little research on the consideration of clinicians in the age of AI. Meanwhile, AI is more accurate and spends less time in diagnosis between the competitions of AI and clinicians in some cases. Thus, AIM is gradually becoming a hot topic. Barely a day goes by without a claim that AI techniques are poised to replace most of today’s professionals. Despite huge promise surrounding this technology, AI alone cannot support all the requirements for precision medicine, rather AI should be used in cohesive collaboration with clinicians. However, the integration of AIM has created confusion among clinicians on their role in this era. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new roles for clinicians in the age of AI.

Statement of significance

With the advent of the era of AI, the integration of medical field and AI is on the rise. Medicine has undergone significant changes, and what was previously labor-intensive work is now being solved through intelligent means. This change has also raised concerns among scholars: Will doctors eventually be replaced by AI? From this perspective, this study elaborates on the reasons why AI cannot replace doctors, and points out how doctors should change their roles to accelerate the integration of these fields, so as to adapt to the developing times.
BDNF Activates Postsynaptic TrkB Receptors to Induce Endocannabinoid Release and Inhibit Presynaptic Calcium Influx at a Calyx-Type Synapse
Authors: Wu Yichen , Liu Qingzhuo , Guo Bin , Ye Fangfei , Ge Jianlong , Xue Lei
Published: September 2020

Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been shown to play critical roles in neural development, plasticity, and neurodegenerative diseases. The main function of BDNF in the brain is widely accepted to be synaptic regulation. However, how BDNF modulates synaptic transmission, especially the underlying signaling cascades between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, remains controversial. In the present study, we investigated the actions of BDNF at rat calyx-type synapses of either sex by measuring the excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and presynaptic calcium current and capacitance changes. We found that BDNF inhibits the EPSC, presynaptic calcium influx, and exocytosis/endocytosis via activation of the presynaptic cannabinoid Type 1 receptors (CB1Rs). Inhibition of the CB1Rs abolished the BDNF-induced presynaptic inhibition, whereas CB1R agonist mimicked the effect of BDNF. Exploring the underlying signaling cascade, we found that BDNF specifically activates the postsynaptic TrkB receptors, inducing the release of endocannabinoids via the PLCγ/DGL pathway and retrogradely activating presynaptic CB1Rs. We also reported the involvement of AC/PKA in modulating vesicle endocytosis, which may account for the BDNF-induced calcium-dependent and -independent regulation of endocytosis. Thus, our study provides new insights into the BDNF/endocannabinoid-associated modulation of neurotransmission in physiological and pathologic processes.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBDNF plays critical roles in the modulation of synaptic strength. However, how BDNF regulates synaptic transmission and its underlying signaling cascade(s) remains elusive. By measuring EPSC and the presynaptic calcium current and capacitance changes at rat calyces, we found that BDNF inhibits synaptic transmission via BDNF-TrkB-eCB signaling pathway. Activation of postsynaptic TrkB receptors induces endocannabinoid release via the PLCγ/DGL pathway, retrogradely activating the presynaptic CB1Rs, inhibiting the AC/PKA, and suppressing calcium influx. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of BDNF/endocannabinoid-associated modulation of neuronal activities.
First Occurrence and Re-description of Aculus epiphyllus (Nalepa) (Acariformes: Eriophyoidea) from Fraxinus pennsylvanica in Europe
Authors: Ripka G. , Korda M. , Szabó Á.
Published: September 2020

Aculus epiphyllus (Nalepa, 1892) is reported from green ash in Europe for the first time. Ash rust mite has never been found on green ash, and we therefore re-describe and illustrate the female and male, and describe the nymph. The species was collected from the underside of the leaflets of the introduced ash species, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall (Oleaceae) in Hungary.
One Decade’s Research Efforts in Hungary to Develop a Bisexual Lure for the Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner
Authors: Tóth M. , Nagy A. , Szarukán I. , Ary K. , Cserenyec A. , Fenyődi B. , Gombás D. , Lajkó T. , Merva L. , Szabó J. , Winkler P. , Jósvai J. K.
Published: September 2020

The addition of synthetic (E)-anethol to the known attractant phenylacetaldehyde synergized attraction of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, the blend invariably catching 4 to 6 times more than phenylacetaldehyde on its own. Highest catches were recorded by the 1:1-3:1 blends. The addition of salicyl aldehyde, ±linalool, (R)-(+)-limonene, 2-methoxybenzyl alcohol and 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (compounds described earlier in the literature as co-attractants for H. armigera), increased catches when added to phenylacetaldehyde. However, the addition of these compounds did not increase catches of the (E)-anethol+pheny- lacetaldehyde blend. When directly compared with performance of the synthetic pheromone, the (E)-anethol +phenylacetaldehyde blend caught an average of 27% of the catch in pheromone baited traps. On an average 79% of moths caught in traps with the (E)-anethol+phenylacetaldehyde blend were females, while traps with pheromone caught only males. The (E)-anethol+phenylacetaldehyde blend described in this study may form the basis for the development of an efficient bisexual lure for H. armigera AFTER further optimization.
New record of Halla okudai Imajima, 1967 (Annelida, Eunicida, Oenonidae) from Fukue Island in the Goto Islands, Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Genki , Mukai Ryo , Itoh Hajime
Published: September 2020

Halla okudai Imajima, 1967 is an oenonid annelid species that inhabits the intertidal and shallow subtidal zones in China, Malaysia, Australia and Japan. This species is harvested and used as fishing bait in Japan and Malaysia; however, it has been regarded as Near Threatened in Japan based on the categories of the Japanese Red List. Here, we reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of Oenonidae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. This study provides a new record of H. okudai on Fukue Island, in the Goto Islands, Japan.
New Coronavirus: (Re)thinking the care process in Primary Health and Nursing
Authors: Nunciaroni Andressa Teoli , Cunha Fátima Teresinha Scarparo , Vargas Liliana Angel , Corrêa Vanessa de Almeida Ferreira
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the challenges and power of the nursing care process in Primary Health Care in the face of the New Coronavirus, COVID-19, in the Brazilian scenario. Method: reflective study, based on the discursive formulation in the context of COVID-19 in Primary Health Care, based on theoretical foundations and practical effects of neoliberal policy, the care process, and Nursing. Results: in Brazil, COVID-19, has caused the need for challenges for strengthening primary care in the face of neoliberal policy, but it presents the potential of dialogue with communities and the (re)creation of the nursing care process through solidary collaborative networks. Final considerations: reflecting on the nursing care process in primary care restores the strength present in the cooperation between health teams and community solidarity networks to change social and health circumstances, despite the challenge imposed by underfunding aggravated by neoliberalism.
Nursing recommendations for facing dissemination of COVID-19 in Brazilian Nursing Homes
Authors: Santana Rosimere Ferreira , Silva Marcos Barragan da , Marcos Daniela Aparecida da Silva Rebouças , Rosa Cristiane dos Santos , Wetzel Junior Willi , Delvalle Romulo
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a protocol of recommendations for facing dissemination of COVID-19 in Brazilian Nursing Homes. Method: a study of experts’ recommendations using a structured form applied through the Delphi Technique, obtaining 100% agreement among professionals after four rounds of analysis. The population comprised six nurses members of the Scientific Department of Gerontological Nursing of the Brazilian Association of Nursing (Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem) Results: the protocol was structured in a nucleus of nursing interventions to face the spread of COVID-19 in Nursing Homes, consisting of 8 actions. Final considerations: the protocol can help nurse managers to organize assistance to face the pandemic, which can be adaptable to each reality, making training nurses and health teams easier.
Mental health of healthcare professionals in China during the new coronavirus pandemic: an integrative review
Authors: Paiano Marcelle , Jaques André Estevam , Nacamura Paula Antunes Bezerra , Salci Maria Aparecida , Radovanovic Cremilde Aparecida Trindade , Carreira Ligia
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify publishing related to the mental health of health professionals working in the front line of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: an integrative review that included primary articles indexed in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct databases and US National Library of Medicine databases. The result analysis was performed descriptively, in four analytical categories. Results: The publishing involved aspects related to insufficient personal protective equipment, feelings of fear and stigma, the need for psychological and psychiatric support and the possibility of post-outbreak mental disorders. Conclusion: All mentioned aspects have a direct impact on the mental health of professionals, demanding the creation of strategies that minimize the emotional burnout of workers, considering that each country and culture reacts differently to the disease.
Nursing Comiittee to Coping with COVID-19 in Bahia
Authors: Araújo-dos-Santos Tatiane , Santos Handerson Silva , Moraes Mariana de Almeida , Mussi Fernanda Carneiro
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the experience of the Nursing Committee for Coping with COVID-19 in Bahia. Methods: The experience report describes motivation, objectives, representatives, organization, working groups, activities and impact of the Committee actions. Results: The Committee consists of educational institutions and class representation. It accepts demands, questions and complaints from nursing workers, acts in favor of safe care and inspection of health and safety conditions at work. Five working groups and six technical support groups were formed. These groups address Communication, Review of Health Services Contingency Plans, Assistance to Long-Term Institutions, Epidemiology and External Activities. An Instagram account was created for quick and reliable access to information, and also an email to meet demands and monitor COVID-19 cases. Conclusion: The results of the Committee work contribute to guide, support, value and defend nursing workers in coping with COVID-19