bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Planning Model for Optimal Deployment of Leak Sensors in a Water Pipeline Network
Authors: Arai Yasuhiro ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University (TMU) 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan, Koizumi Akira , Inakazu Toyono , Kawamura Wako
Published: May 2017

When leak sensors are actually mounted on water pipelines, they are deployed at auxiliary equipment such as gate valves and fire hydrants located every few hundred meters. The total length of the water pipelines laid throughout Japan is approximately 650,000 km. Assuming a length of several thousand kilometers for a pipeline in a given target area, the possible locations for deploying sensors can number in the tens of thousands. Mounting sensors at all the possible locations would not be efficient, either economically or from a maintenance standpoint. In a pipeline network that spreads out horizontally, it is important to ensure that the sensors are deployed in a way to maximize their effectiveness at detecting water leakages. To this end, a method is needed for objectively planning the deployment of a given number of sensors on the optimal gate valves and hydrants. This study, aimed at the optimal deployment of leak sensors in a water pipeline network, proposes a planning model applying the k-median problem, a type of mathematical optimization problem, and verifies the effectiveness of this model via case studies.
Sensitivity Analysis of Depth-Integrated Numerical Models for Estimating Landslide Movement
Authors: Fathani Teuku Faisal ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada  Jalan Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia, Legono Djoko , Alfath Muhammad Ahnaf
Published: May 2017

Landslides are natural phenomena that occur in slopes with thick layers of weathered soil or weak geological formations. High intensity of precipitation, earthquake, and human interference can cause a huge landslide disaster. To mitigate landslide risk, an appropriate investigation to determine the stability and movement mechanisms is important to predict its potential scale. This paper proposes a sensitivity analysis of depth-integrated numerical model of landslide movement by implementing solid friction and fluid friction as the shear resistance in the constitutive systems. The hyperconcentrated solid-liquid mixture flow model and Voellmy-fluid friction model are employed in the solid friction and fluid friction mechanism, whereas the Mohr-Coulomb model is used in the solid friction mechanism. In order to analyze model characteristics and sensitivity to the inputted parameters, the parametric studies on an imaginary slope were examined. The results show that the internal friction angle among input data strongly affects the runout distance and moving velocity. The Voellmy-fluid friction model produces more lateral tendency and wider deposit in transversal directions of landslide compared to other models. The numerical model along with three constitutive equations of shear resistance was applied to the Bishamon Landslide. The hyperconcentrated solid-liquid mixture flow model and Mohr-Coulomb model yield a good agreement with the actual deposition area, whereas the Voellmy-fluid friction model produces more lateral tendency in transversal directions. The calculated runout distance reaches more than 350 m and 10.3 to 13.9 m/s of maximum velocity.
AUTENTIKASI DAGING AYAM SEGAR DARI KONTAMINASI DAGING BABI MENGGUNAKAN GEN CYT-B DENGAN ANALISIS DUPLEX- POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
Authors: Hertanto Bayu Setya , Fitra Rizky Aulia , Kartikasari Lilik Retna , Cahyadi Muhammad
Published: May 2017

Halal is one of important aspects in consumer protection. Meat and processed meat products are food that should be controlled strictly because those are prone to be adulterated by pork contamination. Therefore, it is necessary to provide detection technique which is accurate, fast and cheap. The objective of this research was to identify the presence of impurities of pork meat on raw chicken meat using gene Cyt-b with duplex-PCR analysis. This research used six samples of raw chicken meat and raw pork. Raw chicken meat was bought from supermarkets in the city of Surakarta and raw pork was obtained from pig slaughterhouse. The percentage of raw pork contamination on raw chicken meat was designed as much as 1, 5, 10, and 25%, respectively. The DNA genome was isolated according to DNA isolation protocol from Genomic DNA Mini Kit. In addition, duplex-PCR was performed based on protocol of KAPA2G Fast Multiplex PCR kit. The data was descriptively analyzed by directly looking the DNA bands on the gel documentation apparatus. The result showed that specific DNA bands for chicken and pig were completely appeared on 1.5% of agarose gels. Duplex-PCR detect contamination of pork on raw meat of chicken at all contamination levels. This research proved that the duplex-PCR detect the contamination of pork until the level of 1%.
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY VITAMIN E AND ZINC LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE AND LIPID OXIDATION IN FRESH AND STORED EGGS OF LAYING DUCKS
Authors: Darmawan Arif , Sumiati Sumiati , Hermana Widya
Published: May 2017

Vitamin E and zinc are necessary for preventing free radical damage to phospholipid membranes, enzymes and other important molecules. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary vitamin E and zinc levels on performance and lipid oxidation in fresh and stored eggs of laying duck. A total of 90 of 22 weeks old ducks were randomly divided into 15 experimental units by assigning a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment diets were R1 (control diet), R2 (R1+40 IU vitamin E), R3 (R1+80 IU vitamin E), R4 (R1+100 ppm organic zinc), and R5 (R1+200 ppm organic zinc).The experiment was carried out for 8 wk. Parameters observed were feed intake, egg production, egg weight, feed conversion ratio, and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) value. The results showed that increasing of vitamin E from 40 IU to 80 IU and zinc from 100 ppm to 200 ppm did not affect feed intake and egg weight. Otherwise, the dietary Vitamin E and organic zinc significantly decreased (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio and significantly increased (P<0.05) egg production and decreased (P<0.01) TBARS values. It is concluded that dietary 40 IU vitamin E or 100 ppm organic zinc could increase the performance of laying ducks and dietary 200 ppm organic zinc was more efective to be antioxidant than 40 and 80 IU vitamin E.
Perencanaan Sistem Pentanahan Tenaga Listrik Terintegrasi Pada Bangunan
Authors: Jamaaluddin Jamaaluddin , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: May 2017

Terms of reliability and security is an absolute thing required in conducting the design of installation of Power System. To obtain the reliability and safety of the use of Power on the Building there must be a good interconnection between Lightning System (Lightning System), Grounding of existing electronic devices in buildings and Grounding System Grounding (Grounding System) it. The interconnection of the three systems is carried out on a Bar Plate located in the Control Room, with a good security indication value and a reliable system if at the point of Bar Plate located in the Control Room has a value below 1 Ω. Using the Dwight formula in obtaining the earthing resistance value of the Electrical Power System on clay as an example shows the depth of Copper Rod 1 m has a value of 0.72 Ω. So by doing a good interconnection between Lightning Trap System (Lightnig System), Grounding Electronic Devices and Grounding System Power (Grounding System) in a building will get a reliable and safe Power System Power.
UMASKANDI IZIBONGO: SEMANTIC, PROSODIC AND MUSICAL DIMENSIONS OF VOICE IN ZULU POPULAR PRAISES
Authors: Pooley Thomas Matthew
Published: May 2017

Umaskandi izibongo are Zulu popular praises characterized by rapid, tonally nuanced phrases of incisive social comment set to instrumental music. They articulate the experiences, genealogy and heritage of their orators, and are replete with idioms and lyrical encodings intelligible only to those familiar with the contexts, symbols and sounds specific to umaskandi life worlds. Izibongo have been combined with features of Zulu style and idiom to create a hybrid, indigenous genre of popular music. Umaskandi orators articulate shared experiences of poverty, inequality, migrancy and dispossession in South Africa, and often use martial, caustic imagery to evince their social critique. A genealogy of izibongo is offered linking umaskandi to other popular praises, to genres of dance and bow music, and to izibongo zamakhosi, or the praises of kings. From research based on fieldwork in KwaZulu- Natal conducted between 2012 and 2015, the close analysis, transcription and translation of songs by umaskandi artists Phuzekhemisi, Mfazâ€™ Omnyama and Jonathan Mathenjwa offers insight into the style and structure of izibongo. The semantic, prosodic and musical dimensions of voice are explored through graphic representation and analysis in â€˜Praatâ€™. The analyses demonstrate the complex interplay of speech tone, intonation, rhythm and rate, and how these prosodic features articulate and complicate umaskandi texts. The emphasis on voice complements a literature that has to date focused on its instrumental accompaniment on guitar. The use of digital methods of analysis and transcription offers an alternative to staff notation as a toolset for theorizing African music.
PRAWNOKARNA ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ SĘDZIEGO ŹLE WYPEŁNIAJĄCEGO SWOJE OFFICIUM
Authors: Palmirski Tomasz
Published: May 2017

The Criminal Liability of a Judge Wrongly Fulfilling His officiumSummaryBribing judges was an indispensable element of the lawsuits, especially criminal, which is reflected both in the acts issued to prevent bribery and the literature.The oldest regulations concerning this issue are included in the Law of the XII Tables, which were handed down by Aulus Gellius. It is evident from this Law that index or arbiter who adjudged in favour of the person from whom he received money, was sentenced to death. The issue of corruption appears also in the sources of the late republic. It is evident that the attempts to fight against the judges’ corruption were made in a series of acts, among others, in lex Sempronia ne quis iudicio circumveniretur. This act concerned only those who had the senatorial status and who sentenced the accused not because he was guilty but because they were bribed. In the period of the early principate and probably until the end of the classical law era, the liability of the judge was regulated above all by two acts: lex Cornelia de sicariis and lex Iulia de repetundis. However, on the basis of the passages referring to the scope of applying lex Cornelia in the principate period it appears that it is impossible to point the particular stages of the development of a corruptible judge’s liability. It can be only supposed that the original scope of the act’s applicability to the cases threatened with a death sentence in which the acquittal of the accused was adjudged, was later broadened to other crimes. Whereas, on the basis of legis Iuliae the one who, after taking a bribe, sentenced, acquitted or gave yet another verdict in compliance with the briber’s wish, was liable to a penalty. It should be stressed that this law referred not only to judges in criminal cases but also in civil ones (iudexzs well as arbiter). According to Paulus who comments on the act, lex Cornelia de sicariis provided deportation to an isle and confiscation of the property, whereas the penalty provided for in lex Iulia de pecuniis repetundis, as reported by Macer, was an exile. In case of more serious crimes such as accepting property benefit and passing a death sentence to an innocent person, the penalty was death or deportation to an isle. Iudices pedanei provided for dismissal from the curia to which the judge belonged to or an exile. In the period of principate lex Cornelia testamentaria nummaria (de falsis) dated 81 BC, issued by Sulla, was applied to the liability of a judge. This act originally referred to cases of forging wills and coins and later also to cases of giving and receiving property benefits to present false evidence and bribe a judge. Lex Cornelia testamentaria provided for a death sentence in case of sentencing humiliores. Honestiores were treated in a more mild way since they were sentenced to the confiscation of property and exile with deprivation of citizenship.
NOWE TECHNOLOGIE A OBOWIĄZEK UJAWNIANIA DOKUMENTÓW I INFORMACJI PRZEZ SPÓŁKI W ŚWIETLE DYREKTYWY 2003/58/WE
Authors: Gawrysiak-Zabłocka Aleksandra
Published: May 2017

New Technologies and the Obligation to Disclose Documents and Particulars by Companies in the Light of Directive 2003/58/WESummaryModern information and communication technology has a profound impact on our society. In particular, they have changed the way in which companies are functioning: the possible form of legal acts and of disclosure and filing of company information. So-called First Company Law Directive adopted in 1968 included provisions on a compulsory disclosure of documents and particulars. Since in the beginning of 21st century the compulsory disclosure system organised by the First Directive has become out-dated, the European Parliament and of the Council adopted Directive 2003/58/EC amending Council Directive 68/151/EEC, as regards disclosure requirements in respect of certain types of companies. In the article the provisions of the Directive 2003/58/EC are presented. Moreover, the author analyses what changes in the Polish Law will be necessary.
O GRANICACH ZASADY LEX SEVERIOR RETRO NON AGIT W PRAWIE KARNYM. Na marginesie książki J. Zajadło , Odpowiedzialność za mur. Procesy strzelców przy murze berlińskim, Gdańsk 2003, ss. 251
Authors: Królikowski Michał
Published: May 2017

O GRANICACH ZASADY LEX SEVERIOR RETRO NON AGIT W PRAWIE KARNYM. Na marginesie książki J. Zajadło , Odpowiedzialność za mur. Procesy strzelców przy murze berlińskim, Gdańsk 2003, ss. 251
LEGES REGIAE
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: May 2017

LEGES REGIAE
Multi-Target-Directed Ligands Affecting Serotonergic Neurotransmission for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy: Advances in Chemical and Biological Research
Authors: Jankowska Agnieszka , Wesolowska Anna , Pawlowski Maciej , Chlon-Rzepa Grazyna
Published: May 2017

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized
by progressive cognitive impairments and chronic inflammation that affects over 30
million people all over the world. Most of the Alzheimer's patients also suffer from psychosis,
aggression, agitation, depression, anxiety, and many other behavioral and psychological
symptoms of dementia. Unfortunately, the currently available anti-AD drugs provide modest
symptomatic relief, and they do not reverse the neurodegeneration. Therefore, the average
life expectancy after diagnosis is between six and ten years. Research data suggest that
multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) give an opportunity to prevent, halt, or reverse the
progression of AD, and reduce the symptoms of the disease. The aim of this review is to
update the most recent reports on the development of MTDLs affecting serotonergic neurotransmission
as potential drugs for both symptomatic and disease-modifying therapy of AD.
Multifunctional modulators of serotonergic system exerted procognitive, antipsychotic, antidepressant,
and/or anxiolytic properties in preclinical studies. Some of them revealed their
potential as modulators of tau phosphorylation or amyloid beta aggregation with neuroprotective,
anti-inflammatory, and/or antioxidant properties. Among them, lumateperone - an
inhibitor of serotonin transporter with a high affinity for serotonergic and dopaminergic receptors
is currently being tested in clinical trials in patients with dementia, bipolar depression,
or schizophrenia. The high therapeutic potential of MTDLs as anti-AD drugs seems to
be the result of their involvement in multiple neurotransmitter systems and intracellular signaling
pathways.
Update on Cardiovascular Effects of Older and Newer Anti-diabetic Medications
Authors: Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Grigoropoulou Pinelopi , Liberopoulos Evangelos , Liatis Stavros , Kokkinos Alexandros , Tentolouris Nikolaos
Published: May 2017

It is known that Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and
mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Over the last years, one of the most discussed
topics is the CV safety of anti-diabetic medications. Regarding CV safety of older antidiabetic
agents the data are less clear and conclusions about their CV safety are mostly based
on randomized controlled trials designed to assess their glucose lowering efficacy. In this review,
we summarize the current knowledge about the CV safety of older and newer antidiabetic
medications.

According to the published literature metformin is the first line agent for the treatment of type
2 diabetes and seems to have cardio-protective effects. The choice of the second line agent
when metformin monotherapy fails to achieve HbA1c targets is less clear. In the light of the
findings of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial and the recently published LEADER and SUSTAIN
6 trials, empagliflozin, liraglutide and semaglutide seem reasonable options as second
line agents for patients with CV disease. Sulfonylureas on the other hand, with the exception
of gliclazide, should be avoided in those patients, although CV safety trials are still lacking. In
individuals without CV disease any of the other classes of anti-diabetic medication can be selected
on a patient-centered approach. Saxagliptin, alogliptin, sitagliptin and lixisenatide have
been evaluated in CV safety trials and have neutral effects on CV outcomes, while pioglitazone
may have some CV benefits. Saxagliptin and alogliptin, however, should be avoided in
patients with heart failure, while pioglitazone is contraindicated in this population.
Exposing “Bright” Metals: Promising Advances in Photoactivated Anticancer Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Bjelosevic Aleksandra , Pages Benjamin J. , Spare Lawson K. , Deo Krishant M. , Ang Dale L. , Aldrich-Wright Janice R.
Published: May 2017

Background:

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an increasingly prominent field in anticancer
research. PDT agents are typically nontoxic in the absence of light and can be stimulated with nonionising
irradiation to “activate” their cytotoxic effect. Photosensitzers are not classified as chemotherapy
drugs although it is advantageous to control the toxicity of a drug through localised irradiation
allowing for selective treatment. Transition metals are an extremely versatile class of compounds
with various unique properties such as oxidation state, coordination number, redox potential and molecular
geometry that can be tailored for specific uses. This makes them excellent PDT candidates as
their properties can be manipulated to absorb a specific range of light wavelengths, cross cellular
membranes or target specific sites in vitro. This article reviews recent advances in transition metal
PDT agents, with a focus on structural scaffolds from which several metal complexes in a series are
synthesised, as well as their in vitro cytotoxicity in the presence or absence of irradiation.

Conclusion:

The success of clinical photoactive agents such as Photofrin® has inspired the development
of thousands of potential PDT agents. Transition metal complexes in particular have demonstrated
excellent versatility and diversity when it comes to PDT for treatment of invasive cancers.
This review has highlighted some of the many recent advances of transition metal PDT agents with
high in vitro and in vivo phototoxic activity. Photoactive transition metal complexes have proven their
potential due to their inherent physicochemical variety, allowing them to fill a niche in the PDT
world.
Diplomacia energética: el papel del petróleo en la política exterior de los Estados Unidos
Authors: Rodríguez Borda Camilo Andrés , Palomo Suárez Nurth Inés
Published: May 2017

El petróleo es un recurso estratégico para los Estados Unidos (EE.UU) que se relaciona con la política exterior por su importancia económica, geopolítica y estratégico-militar  y que le otorgan al país cualidades claves y necesarias para ser reconocido como hegemónico en el escenario internacional. Identificar el rol del petróleo dentro de las actuaciones externas del país, puede ayudar al entendimiento de ciertas posturas que el gobierno asume en el escenario internacional. Al demostrar la importancia económica de este recurso especialmente para mantener el crecimiento económico y revisar su relevancia estratégico-militar es posible determinar que las actuaciones de la política exterior no están necesariamente condicionadas por la apropiación de este recurso, ya que el país ha avanzado en la consecución de la tan anhelada independencia energética, sino que existe un sentido geopolítico por ejemplo en el control del tránsito y la influencia en zonas con reservas de petróleo, que lo hace mantenerse en la agenda internacional del país.
Abrasándonos en el Abrazo de la Serpiente. Esbozo ensayístico acerca de la película colombiana “El Abrazo de la Serpiente”, dirigida por Ciro Guerra
Authors: Marín Baena Ricardo Antonio
Published: May 2017

La trama del filme gira argumentalmente en torno de dos científicos enfrentados a múltiples enredaderas tanto lingüísticas –lenguas tikuna, kubeo, huitoto y ocaina, amén de catalañol y rezagos de español, inglés y alemán-, como culturales pluriétnicas en su complejidad simbólica. La transición narrativa de la trama al nudo conflictivo del filme nos va abrasando en el abrazo de la tragedia histórica. En efecto, la férula occidental no queda indemne en su maldición de haber ejecutado el magnicidio en las caucheras, el despotismo con que las órdenes católicas y religiosas lavaron a la fuerza el cerebro de la niñez y la juventud indígenas, desterrando de paso con sus dogmas teológicos las oriundas mitologías de estas comunidades ancestrales.
Evaluación de materiales encalantes y orgánicos sobre las bases intercambiables de un suelo sulfatado ácido en invernadero
Authors: Bernal Andrea , Montaño Jenny , Sánchez Rosaura , Albarrán Yuri , Forero Fabio
Published: May 2017

Los suelos sulfatados ácidos (SSA) se caracterizan por ser sistemas dinámicos con degradación química continua a causa de procesos de acidificación actual severa. Una de sus limitaciones está relacionada con la inhibición en la absorción de bases intercambiables, generada principalmente por excesos de aluminio de cambio, que afectan su productividad y limitan la disponibilidad de nutrientes para las plantas. El presente estudio evaluó en invernadero el efecto de algunas técnicas empleadas en recuperación de suelos, sobre las bases intercambiables de un SSA, con el fin de identificar metodologías para el manejo de estos suelos en Paipa (Boyacá). Se implementó un diseño experimental con 6 tratamientos y 5 repeticiones, donde se evaluó la incorporación de microorganismos eficientes, bagacillo de caña, abono verde y cal dolomita, así como la siembra de Brassica rapa L. como forraje, en los cuales se realizó la medición de bases antes y después de la siembra de Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis como cultivo indicador. Para analizar la información, se realizó una ANOVA y se aplicó prueba de comparación de promedios Tukey con confiabilidad del 95%. Los resultados indicaron que la siembra de B. rapa L. como forraje y la incorporación de la misma como abono verde, junto con el uso complementario de cal dolomita, generaron un mayor incremento en Ca (18,21 cmolc•kg^-1 y 16,61 cmolc•kg^-1) y Mg (6 cmolc•kg^-1 y 5,15 cmolc•kg^-1). El K presentó el valor más alto con la incorporación de abono verde (1,31 cmolc•kg^-1), respecto a las metodologías evaluadas.
Evaluación poscosecha de las características del lulo (solanum quitoense) cubierto con hoja de plátano
Authors: Forero Nathalia , Gutiérrez Sebastián , Sandoval Rafael , Camacho Jesús , Meneses Miguel
Published: May 2017

En Colombia, la producción de lulo (Solanum quitoense) es cercana a 65000 t año^-1, de las cuales se pierde cerca del 45% en la etapa poscosecha (Asociación Hortofruticola de Colombia 2006). Por esto, uno de los retos propuestos en el Plan Frutícola Nacional del 2006 es mejorar las técnicas poscosecha empleadas actualmente. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la hoja de plátano como empaque no convencional para el manejo poscosecha del lulo. Se observó la evolución del peso, pH, acidez titulable (AT), sólidos solubles totales (SST), intensidad respiratoria (IR) y cambios de color en cuatro tratamientos de lulo que consistieron en producto almacenado a temperatura ambiente y a 7,5°C con y sin hoja de plátano como empaque. El estudio consistió de un diseño al azar, realizando análisis de varianza y comparación de medias. El almacenamiento de lulo con hojas de plátano redujo las pérdidas de peso para temperatura ambiente del 11,8% al 8,3% y para producto refrigerado de 6,4% a 4,6%. Se encontró que el tiempo incide en los valores de AT y SST y en cuanto al color se determinó que el cambio de verde a naranja es más tardío en el producto cubierto con hoja de plátano.
La disposición a aplicar estandares en empresas productoras de hortalizas en el noroeste de méxico
Authors: Martínez Reina Antonio María
Published: May 2017

El proceso de certificación de las empresas productoras de hortalizas en la Región Noroeste de México, se hace más necesario, si se quiere mejorar la competitividad, como respuesta a exigencias mismas del mercado. Este trabajo busca hacer una medición cuantitativa de la Disposición a Certificarse por parte de los productores, lo cual implica asumir costos adicionales pero que luego se convierten en ventajas comparativas en la medida que los productos puedan llegar al mercado. Mediante el uso del método de valoración contingente (VC), técnicas de regresión logística con estimación de parámetros usando máxima verosimilitud, se concluye que las variables aplicación de estándares especialmente de calidad e inocuidad, trabajar bajo agricultura por contrato influyen positivamente en la Disposición a Certificar la producción; mientras que la experiencia como productor de hortalizas, influyen negativamente.
Comportamiento fisiológico de gramíneas forrajeras bajo tres niveles de humedad en condiciones de casa malla
Authors: Atencio Liliana M. , Tapia Jose J. , Mejía Sergio L. , Cadena Jorge
Published: May 2017

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del nivel de humedad sobre el comportamiento fisiológico de diferentes gramíneas forrajeras. El experimento se realizó bajo condiciones de casa de malla en el Centro de Investigación Turipaná de Corpoica, (Cereté, Córdoba). Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con 14 genotipos y tres (3) repeticiones. Se utilizaron tres regímenes de humedad, a manera de localidades dentro de la misma casa de malla. Dentro de las variables en estudio se encontraron: fotosíntesis neta, transpiración, conductancia estomática, potencial hídrico foliar, masa seca de hoja, área foliar, entre otras. Sólo las variables área foliar y potencial hídrico foliar presentaron interacciones significativas entre los factores Genotipo y Ambiente de humedad, mientras que el resto de variables, generalmente fueron afectadas por los factores principales (p
La ecoagricultura y la agroecología como estrategia tecnológica que potencia los servicios ecosistémicos. una revisión
Authors: Fonseca Jorge , Jarma Orozco Alfredo de Jesús , Cleves José
Published: May 2017

Las actividades antrópicas como la agricultura y la ganadería causan deterioro en los ecosistemas y la pérdida de biodiversidad. Ante esta realidad se han incrementado las acciones para implementar políticas que promuevan la preservación y la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas naturales que aún se conservan y de los agroecosistemas productivos, los cuales prestan invaluables beneficios al ser humano a nivel económico, social y cultural, a dichos beneficios se les denomina servicios ecosistémicos. Entre las estrategias para materializar estas políticas en las actividades de producción agropecuaria se proponen la utilización de los enfoques de la Ecoagricultura y la Agroecología que por sus fundamentos establecen las bases para estructurar sistemas de producción agropecuaria donde se materializa la política de sostenibilidad y preservación de la biodiversidad. El presente análisis pretende dar a conocer aspectos relevantes en la definición de servicios ecosistémicos, su valoración y las particularidades de los enfoques que a nivel agrícola se han venido utilizando con miras a la conservación y potenciamiento de estos servicios en el actual contexto agropecuario.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR BILANGAN BERPANGKAT DENGAN MODEL PROBLEM POSING PADA SISWA KELAS IX SMP NEGERI 4 BATU.
Authors: Sudiyono Sudiyono
Published: May 2017

ABSTRAK Masih kurang  minatnya siswa dalam belajar khususnya pelajaran matematika,  salah satu sebab adalah  metode yang digunakan oleh guru masih konvensional dan siswa bekerja secara individu, sehingga siswa yang kurang mampu kesulitan dalam memahami konsep dengan benar.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar bilangan berpangkat dengan  model problem posing pada siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 4 Batu.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain  Penelitian Tindakan Kelas  (Classroom Action Research),  pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan  kualitatif yaitu penelitian yang datanya tanpa menggunakan teknik statistik. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi.Berdasarkan data yang diperolah dari pelaksanaan tindakan mulai siklus 1 sampai dengan siklus 2 dan berdasarkan hasil observasi tiap-tiap siklus terjadi peningkatan prestasi yaitu siswa yang mendapat nilai kurang dari KKM dari 17 siswa menjadi 7 siswa, mengalami peningkatan siswa yang mendapat nilai memenuhi KKM dari 18 menjadi 27 siswa, dan rata-rata tes siswa dari  62,29 menjadi 71,76 mengalami kenaikan 2,47%, serta prosentase ketuntasa juga mengalami peningkatan dari 48,6% menjadi 79,4% meningkat 30,8%.Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan pendekatan model problem posing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa khususnya pada materi bilangan berpangkat. Kata Kunci: Peningkatan hasil belajar, Bilangan berpangkat, Problem Posing ABSTRACT The lack of student’s study interest especially on mathematics, one of the reason is the method is still conventional and students work individually, with the result that students harder to understanding the concept correctly. The purpose of this research is improving learning outcome on exponential numbers with problem posing model in 3rd years students on State Junior High School Batu. This research using Classroom Action Research design and qualitative approach, which is the research that not using statistics technique. This Classroom Action Research executed in two cycle. Every cycle consist of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Based on data that obtained from the 1st cycle until 2nd cycle and based on observation from every cycle there is an achievement increase that is students that having under the minimum learning mastery standard from the initial is 17 students increase to 7 students, then there is increase the numbers of students that having on the minimum learning mastery standard from 18 to 27 students, and the average of students’ test from 62,29 to 71,76 (increasing 2,47%), so the percentage of learning mastery increased from 48,6% to 79,4% increase for about 30,8%. This shows that Problem Posing approach can increasing student’s study result especially on exponential numbers subject. Keyword: Increase of study result, Exponential numbers, Problem Posing
Peningkatan Kualitas Proses Pembelajaran Matematika Menggunakan Budaya Indonesia Pada Lesson Study di SD Indonesia KBRI Bangkok Thailand
Authors: Yayuk Erna , Ekowati Dyah Worowirastri
Published: May 2017

Pada umumnya, pelaksanaan pembelajaran di SD Indonesia luar negeri sangat dipengaruhi oleh adat dan budaya negeri setempat. Hal ini menjadi salah satu sebab anak-anak Indonesia yang sekolah di luar negeri kurang mengenal budaya Indonesia. Kecuali sebatas pengetahuan yang diberikan di dalam keluarga masing-masing anak. Di sisi lain, usia anak SD merupakan usia emas untuk menerima pondasi ilmu pengetahuan. Oleh karenanya, jika tidak diperkenalkan semenjak dini mengenai budaya Indonesia maka anak-anak tersebut akan mengalami krisis pengetahuan budaya Indonesia. Untuk itu upaya-upaya revitalisasi budaya Indonesia di SD Indonesia di luar negeri mendesak untuk dilakukan program kerjasama /studi/penelitian. Salah satunya melalui program lesson study di luar negeri. Pada program PLSLN ini, dilaksanakan lesson study di dalam mata pelajaran matematika. Hal ini untuk meminimalkan keabstrakan materi matematika sekaligus mengenalkan budaya indonesia. Oleh karenanya, tujuan program ini adalah meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran matematika menggunakan budaya Indonesia di SD Indonesia KBRI Thailand.Lesson study dirancang dalam dua siklus yang setiap siklus tersusun atas beberapa kegiatan. Lesson study tersusun atas 3 kegiatan yaitu plan atau perencanaan dimana secara berkelompok guru menyusun perencanaan pembelajaran secara bersama, do adalah pelaksanaan pembelajaran dimana salah satu guru akan bertindak sebagai model dan diamati oleh guru-guru yang lain, See adalah refleksi untuk perbaikan proses pembelajaran selanjutnya. Hasil refleksi dapat diperoleh sejumlah pengetahuan baru atau keputusan guna perbaikan dan peningkatan pembelajaran, khususnya di SD Indonesia luar negeri.Hasil Lesson Study menunjukkan bahwa siswa SD dalam belajar matematika sangat senang dan setelah dianalisis menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa dari siklus ke siklus. Dengan LS Mereka terkondisi untuk belajar dengan sunguh-sungguh dan bertanggung jawab. Pemahaman terhadap suatu materi juga semakin bermakna. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa LS dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran dan LS dapat menjadi sarana penerapan pembelajaran PAIKEM.
Peningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Pada Pokok Bahasan Ekosistem di SMA Negeri I Sumberpucung
Authors: Susetyarini Roro Eko , Rofieq Ainur , Latifa Roimil , Wahyuni Sri
Published: May 2017

Pembelajaran biologi belum memperhatikan bagaimana peserta didik berpikir kritis. Tujuan implementasi Lesson study ini, yaitu mendekripsikan kemampuan berpikir kritis pada matapelajaran Biologi dengan pokok bahasan ekosisitem kelas X di SMAN I Sumberpucung. Metode yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif, untuk memecahkan masalah yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran yang berbasis Lesson study Pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis LS dilakukan 3 siklus, (tahpan LS: plan, do, see), plan merupakan perancangan perencanaan pembelajaran, do merupakan pelaksanaan pembelajaran, see merupakan refleksi pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis LS. Kemampuan berpikir kritis yang diamati dengan parameter menentukan komponen abiotik dan biotic, membuat rantai makanan, membuat jarring-jaring makanan, membuat piramida makanan. Data kemmapuan berpikir kritis dianalisis secara desktiptif kuantitatif. Hasil menunjukkan pada saat do dilakukan pengamatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa setelah pembelajaran berbasis LS dengan data rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada matapelajaran biologi pada siklus I 72,5; siklus II 77,13 dan siklus III 78,5. Peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II 4,63; siklus II  ke siklus III 1,37.
Analisis Karakter Media Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Gaya Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Ragil Kurniawan Muhammad
Published: May 2017

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakter media pembelajaran berdasarkan gaya belajar peserta didik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Metode studi kepustakaan digunakan untuk memetakan karakter media pembelajaran yang ditinjau dari gaya belajar peserta didik. Objek yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah 24 media pembelajaran yang banyak menjadi rujukan pembelajaran. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Gaya belajar visual dan verbal menjadi gaya belajar yang paling banyak terakomodasi dalam ke-24  media tersebut. Gaya belajar physical hanya terdapat dalam tiga media, yaitu benda nyata, tiruan (model) serta pembelajaran berbantuan komputer. Gaya belajar sosial dan individual tidak banyak terakomodasi dalam ke-24 media tersebut. Hal ini karena apapun media pembelajarannya, maka metode, strategi atau model pembelajarnyalah yang memegang peran penting atas terakomodasinya gaya belajar sosial dan individual. Kata Kunci: karakteristik media, media pembelajaran, gaya belajar, memletic learning style. Abstrack: This study aims to analyze the character of learning media based on learning styles of learners. This type of research is qualitative research. Literature study method is used to analyze the character of instructional media in terms of learning styles of learners. The object analyzed in this research is 24 learning media which become the reference of learning. Research results show that: Physical learning style is only found in two media: real objects, imitations (models) and computer-assisted learning. Social and individual learning styles are only slightly accommodated by those 24 media. This is because any type of learning media used, methods, strategies or learning models become an important role for accommodating of social and individual learning styles. Keywords: media character, memletic learning styles, instructional media, learning styles
Mesterséges intelligencia – a diskurzusok újratervezésének kora
Authors: Z. Karvalics László
Published: May 2017

A közelmúltban az intelligens robotokban rejlő egyre növekvő

veszélyek a mesterséges intelligenciáról (MI) szóló irodalom központi témájává váltak. Ez az általam „alarmistának” nevezett nézőpont logikus következménye (és erős szövetségese) az „erős MI” korosodó paradigmájának, illetve ezen paradigma legújabb változatainak. A veszélydiskurzus főbb argumentumainak és az ezekkel kapcsolatos problémák ismertetése után felvázolok egy új értelmezési keretet, melyben minden MI-rendszer elválaszthatatlan egységet, hibridet alkot humán komponensével,

a funkcióval és környezetével. Véleményem szerint az igazán fontos kutatási, tervezési és fejlesztési kérdések a humán összetevővel, valamint a humán és a mesterséges komponens interakciójával kapcsolatosak. Ez a megközelítés három további diskurzus számára is teret nyit: az automatizáció következő szintje és a foglalkoztatás jövője, az emberi összetevő kiterjesztése és az ehhez kapcsolódó jogi és etikai kérdések, melyeket az MI és a robotika legújabb generációs fejlesztései vetnek fel.

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Artificial intelligence – why to redesign the discourses?

The basic narrative of the 2014-2015 AI literature is the growing danger, incarnated by more intelligent robots. This position what I call „alarmist” is a logical consequence and powerful ally of the hoary „strong AI” paradigm and its brand-new versions and mutations. After reviewing current considerations against the alarmist approach, we provide an analytic framework to understand every AI-system as hybrid one, inseparable from its human component, function and environmental embeddedness. And what is more, we argue that the really important research, development and design issues are about the human component and its interaction with the artificial part. This perspective opens new horizons in three subdiscourse, too: the next level of automatization and the future of employment, the enhancement of the human part and the newborn legal and ethical issues, raised by the next generation improvements in AI and robotics.
Távol a Szingularitás
Authors: Kömlődi Ferenc
Published: May 2017

Reakció Z. Karvalics László a "Mesterséges intelligencia – a diskurzusok újratervezésének kora" című vitaindító írására.

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The singularity is far, far away

Comments to the paper by Z. Karvalics László, "Artificial intelligence – why to redesign the discourses?"
Kutatási prioritások a megbízható és hasznos mesterséges intelligencia létrehozásáért
Authors: Szerkesztői tartalom / Editorial content
Published: May 2017

A mesterséges intelligenciával kapcsolatos kutatások sikeressége magában hordozza a lehetőségét annak, hogy az emberiség példa nélküli előnyökhöz jusson. Érdemes ezért feltárni azokat a kutatási területeket, amelyek az esetleges buktatók elkerülésével egy időben segíthetnek maximalizálni az elérhető eredményeket. Jelen tanulmány számos ilyen témakört és példát mutat be (a teljesség igényének hajszolása nélkül), amelyek biztosíthatják, hogy az mesterséges intelligencia a jövőben is robusztus és az ember számára előnyös maradjon.

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Research priorities for robust and beneficial artificial intelligence
Dicionário das crianças: Uma possibilidade de significados e representações de gênero no universo infantil
Authors: Kohls Tatiani Müller , Vargas Vagner de Souza , Bussoletti Denise Marcos
Published: May 2017

Pensar as representações de gênero no universo infantil, dentro do espaço escolar, também significa refletir sobre normas impostas, assim como sobre as distinções entre crianças que, desde à pré-escola, já são diferenciadas entre meninas e meninos. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar uma proposta de pesquisa, relacionando-a com os princípios de Pedagogia da Fronteira e Estética da Ginga que vêm sendo desenvolvidos a partir dos trabalhos do Núcleo de Artes, Linguagens e Subjetividades, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. A partir dessas evidenciações, talvez, teremos a oportunidade de contextualizar, propor discussões e reflexões sobre como as construções/normatizações de gênero são formadas durante à infância para, então, quem sabe, propormos atividades questionadoras de tais observações.
Audiodescrição em Cinema e Televisão: uma ponte que conduz à inclusão cultural da pessoa com deficiência visual
Authors: SANTANA CORREIA JOÃO Batista
Published: May 2017

A partir da divulgação dos dados referentes ao Censo realizado em 2010 pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE - afirmando que o Brasil possui 18,60% de sua população formada por pessoas cegas ou com baixa visão e a constatação de que a produção midiática baseia-se em imagens, como é o caso do Cinema e da Televisão, a audiodescrição (AD) apresenta-se com um recurso de tecnologia assistiva (TA) de acessibilidade capaz de oportunizar às pessoas com deficiência visual as condições mínimas necessárias para consumirem conteúdos audiovisuais em situação de equidade com as demais pessoas. Este estudo, apoiado nas produções teóricas de Charles S. Peirce,  Roman Jakobson e Lúcia Santaella e utilizando-se da metodologia qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico, buscou identificar e descrever a audiodescrição como uma modalidade intersemiótica, isto é, a tradução de uma linguagem para outra linguagem - visual para a verbal, como uma ferramenta de acessibilidade comunicacional e informacional que pode conduzir à inclusão sociocultural das pessoas com deficiência visual.
Facebook, Ritual and Community – Memorialising in Social Media
Authors: Haverinen Anna
Published: May 2017

Social networking websites and applications have become the defining factor of online social interaction in the 2010s. Their popularity and addictiveness are based on their ability to convey all aspects of human emotions, from love to hate, from envy to happiness, from humour to sadness, from life to death. However, all social networking sites, especially Facebook (abbreviated FB), have been facing the fact that some of their users have been dying and other people want to use the websites to reminisce about and mourn their loved ones. In a study on virtual memorials conducted already more than a decade ago, communication theorists de Vries and Rutherford argued that online memorials are ‘the postmodern opportunity for ritual and remembrance’ (2004, 2). More recent studies have suggested that the internet ‘brings death back into everyday life’ (Walter et al. 2011, 295), since death and mourning cultures have undergone significant changes during the 20th century (Ariès1981 [1977], 1974; Pentikäinen 1990; Walter 1994).
 
In this article, I will examine how commemoration and bereavement rituals (i.e. mourning rituals) are practiced on the Facebook social networking website, and how they build and maintain existential or spontaneous communitas, the transient personal experience of togetherness, at a time of loss (Turner 1995 [1969], 130–133). By mourning rituals, I am referring to the symbolised manner of communicating bereavement, care, love and affection at a time of loss. They are practices that function as socially approved symbols of emotions (Walter 1994, 77), which are intended to keep the community, friends and family of the deceased together at the time of loss (Bell 1992; Sumiala 2010; see also Durkheim 1980 [1912] and van Gennep (1960 [1909]). For example, the Finnish phrase ‘I’m sorry for your loss’ essentially means ‘I take part in your loss’, which symbolically refers to a way of taking on some of the grief and sharing the loss together with the bereaved. Flower wreaths, candles and other mementos are also familiar ways of expressing grief, especially at memorials — both online and offline. Mourning rituals in Web environments, however, are mediated by digital multimedia: images, video and text.
Un modelo microeconómico estocástico del comportamiento del migrante mexicano en Estados Unidos
Authors: Domínguez Gijón Rosa María , Venegas Martínez Francisco
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se desarrolla un modelo estocástico que explica el comportamiento de un migrante en Estados Unidos. En el modelo propuesto el agente tiene un consumo de subsistencia sujeto a dos restricciones: en la primera se considera un ingreso incierto junto con un ahorro y en la segunda su rutina de consumo. Por medio del modelo propuesto se determinan las proporciones óptimas del ingreso que el individuo obtiene por su actividad laboral y el ahorro cuando hay un excedente, así como la estrategia óptima de consumo futuro. Asimismo, mediante un modelo var se muestra evidencia empírica que confirma los resultados de la propuesta: se utilizan datos de consumo y salario del individuo y variables relevantes asociadas con los migrantes desde 1980 hasta 2011 valiéndose de un análisis de causalidad de Granger, funciones de impulso-respuesta y descomposición de la varianza.
Preferencia de dígitos en la declaración del año de entrada a Estados Unidos de los inmigrantes nacidos en México
Authors: Álvarez González Román
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo aborda, mide y corrige la preferencia de dígitos en la declaración del año de entrada a Estados Unidos de los nacidos en México y migrados entre 1990 y 2010. A partir de los resultados de la American Community Survey (acs) se emplean índices de regularidad para los años de declaración terminados en 0 y 5, y se encuentra que la preferencia de dígitos es de hasta 46% respecto a la declaración de años adyacentes. Mediante el método de corrección empleado la distribución rectificada mantiene el patrón original de la serie y se conservan los totales por lustro y década, así como los porcentajes acumulados y los promedios anuales.