bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biologically Active Compounds in True Slime Molds and Their Prospects for Sustainable Pest and Pathogen Control
Authors: Pawłowicz Tomasz , Wilamowski Konrad , Puchlik Monika , Żebrowski Igor , Micewicz Gabriel Michał , Gabrysiak Karolina Anna , Borowik Piotr , Malewski Tadeusz , Zapora Ewa , Wołkowycki Marek , Oszako Tomasz
Published: February 2025

True slime molds (Eumycetozoa) represent a monophyletic clade within the phylum Amoebozoa, comprising the lineages Myxogastria, Dictyostelia, and Protosporangiida. Although historically misclassified as fungi, recent molecular and biochemical studies underscore their distinct evolutionary trajectories and rich metabolomic profiles. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on Eumycetozoa as a reservoir of bioactive compounds, detailing how secondary metabolites—including polysaccharides, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, terpenoids, and glycosides—vary across plasmodia, fruiting bodies, and spores. A systematic literature search in major scientific databases accounted for legacy nomenclature and leveraged chemoinformatic tools for compound verification. Our findings reveal 298 distinct metabolites that serve ecological roles in nutrient recycling and interspecies interactions, while also showing promise for controlling agricultural pests and pathogens. Notably, certain glycosides, lectins, and polyketides exhibit antimicrobial or cytotoxic activities, indicating their potential utility in managing these biological challenges. By consolidating current data and emphasizing the wide taxonomic range of Eumycetozoa, this review highlights the critical need for comprehensive biochemical and genomic investigations. Such efforts will not only advance our understanding of slime mold metabolomes and their evolutionary significance but also pave the way for innovative, eco-friendly applications.
Advances in Understanding Inflammation and Tissue Damage: Markers of Persistent Sequelae in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Patrascu Raul , Dumitru Cristina Stefania
Published: February 2025

This review explores the crucial role of established and emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis, management, and understanding of post-COVID-19 conditions. With COVID-19 affecting multiple organ systems, biomarkers have been instrumental in identifying ongoing inflammation and tissue damage, facilitating early diagnosis and prognostication. Specifically, markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and novel entities such as soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms and predict long-term outcomes. This review highlights the integration of these biomarkers into clinical workflows and their implications for personalized medicine, emphasizing their potential in guiding therapeutic interventions and monitoring recovery. Future directions suggest a focus on longitudinal studies to explore biomarker trajectories and their interaction with therapeutic outcomes, aiming to enhance the management of post-COVID-19 conditions and refine public health strategies.
Correlation Between Changes in Extraocular Muscles and Intraocular Pressure Following Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Active Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Haruna Yusuke , Tagami Mizuki , Tomita Mami , Sakai Atsushi , Misawa Norihiko , Asano Kazuo , Murai Yusuke , Yoshikawa Atsuko , Azumi Atsushi , Honda Shigeru
Published: February 2025

Objectives: We investigate the correlation between functional and morphological changes in extraocular muscles (EOMs) and intraocular pressure (IOP) changes before and after thyroid eye disease (TED) treatment. Methods: A multicenter study with a retrospective chart review was conducted. Patients with active TED receiving corticosteroid therapy without glaucoma eye drops between 2014 and 2023 were reviewed. Various parameters were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. The primary outcome measure was the correlation between changes in the IOP and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the EOMs before and after treatment. Secondary outcome measures were comparisons of IOP, the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of the EOMs and orbital fatty tissue (OFT), and the CSA of the EOMs before and after treatment. Results: The IOP in 99 eyes in 51 patients significantly decreased from 18 ± 3.4 mmHg to 15.5 ± 2.9 mmHg before and after treatment (p < 0.01)). The CSA and SIR of all EOMs and OFT significantly decreased after treatment (p < 0.05). Factors that had a significant positive correlation with the IOP change rate before and after treatment were the CSA change rate of the inferior rectus muscle (IRM) before and after treatment (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.24, p < 0.05) and the CSA change rate of the total EOMs before and after treatment (Spearman’s correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.22, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In TED patients, IOP decreased with anti-inflammatory treatment alone. The most significant parameter that correlated with the decrease in IOP was the CSA change rate of the IRM.
The Importance of a Hierarchical Approach in Investigating the Connection Between Peripheral Artery Disease and Risk for Developing Low-Trauma Fractures: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Milovanovic Petar , Jadzic Jelena , Djonic Danijela , Djuric Marija
Published: February 2025

Considering that skeletal changes are often asymptomatic during routine clinical examination, these disorders are frequently overlooked in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Keeping in mind the inclining prevalence of PAD and bone fragility, especially in older individuals, this narrative literature review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of skeletal alterations in patients with PAD, focusing on the importance of the multi-scale and multidisciplinary approach in the assessment of the bone hierarchical organization. Several observational studies have shown a connection between PAD and the risk of developing low-trauma fractures, but numerous ambiguities remain to be solved. Recent data indicate that evaluating additional bone properties at various levels of bone hierarchical structure may help in understanding the factors contributing to bone fragility in individuals with PAD. Further research on bone structural alterations (especially on micro- and nano-scale) may enhance the understanding of the complex etiopathogenesis of skeletal disorders in patients with PAD, which may lead to advancements in optimizing the clinical management of these individuals. Since osteoporosis and PAD have numerous overlapping risk factors, it is meaningful to evaluate vascular status in individuals with osteoporosis and examine bone health in individuals with PAD to identify individuals who require treatment for both diseases.
The Characterization of Atrial Fibrillation and Prognostic Value of a Modified 4S-AF Scheme: A Report from the REGUEIFA Community Health Area Registry (Galician Intercentric Registry of Atrial Fibrillation)
Authors: García Seara Javier , González Melchor Laila , Vázquez Caamaño María , Fernández-Obanza Windcheid Emilio , Marzoa Raquel , Piñeiro Portela Miriam , González Babarro Eva , Cabanas Grandío Pilar , Durán Bobín Olga , Prada Delgado Óscar , Elices Teja Juliana , Freire Evaristo , Gutiérrez Feijoo Mario , Muñiz Javier , Gude Francisco , Barge Caballero Eduardo , González-Juanatey Carlos ,   on behalf of the REGUEIFA Investigators
Published: February 2025

Background: The REGUEIFA registry aims to assess the contemporary treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the community health area of Galicia. Due to the prognostic relevance of anticoagulation status, we used it to differentiate patients by adding a category to the stroke domain of the 4S-AF score. Methods: A Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify the prognostic value of the modified 4S-AF score regarding mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and thromboembolic events. For bleeding events, we used a Poisson regression model to account for recurrent events. Results: When considering the stroke risk domain as a categorical variable, the risk stratification for all-cause mortality improved by more than 2 times (stroke risk: 2 vs. 1; hazard ratio (HR): 2.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–4.55), p = 0.04). According to the Poisson regression model, the stroke risk domain was also an independent factor for hemorrhagic events (HR: 2.83; 95% CI 1.69–4.74, p < 0.001). For patients with permanent AF, the mortality rate was more than 2 times higher than that of patients with paroxysmal AF or their first episode of AF (HR: 2.53; 95% CI; 1.53–4.18); p < 0.001. Anticoagulation therapy was the only independent domain treatment associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (HR: 0.41; 95% CI 0.19–0.89 p < 0.0023). Conclusions: The modification of the stroke risk score to reflect anticoagulation status may improve the characterization and stratification of overall mortality risk, as demonstrated in the contemporary AF cohort from the REGUEIFA study. The permanent form of AF was associated with a higher risk of overall mortality and cardiovascular mortality.
Extreme Uterine and Rectal Prolapse in a 31-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Jozwik Marcin , Derkaczew Maria , Wojtkiewicz Joanna , Abendstein Burghard , Jozwik Maciej
Published: February 2025

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common disorder among postmenopausal women but is rare in very young patients. It can affect various compartments of the pelvic floor. In severe forms, vaginal/uterine and rectal prolapse can occur concurrently. Methods: The aim of this report is to present a rare case of a young patient with an extreme postpartum uterine and rectal prolapse and our stepwise surgical approach to achieve complete repair while preserving the ability to carry future pregnancies. Results: A 31-year-old patient was admitted with extreme postpartum uterine and rectal prolapse. She underwent three separate surgeries to regain full anatomic reconstruction. Initially, laparoscopic lateral suspension (LLS) according to Dubuisson’s technique was performed in 2017. A combined vaginal-laparoscopic repair followed again in 2017 and included extensive posterior vaginal and perineal repair with absorbable mesh (SeraSynth) attached to the sacrouterine ligaments and laparoscopic hysterosacropexy (HySa) with a non-absorbable PVDF DynaMesh-CESA implant. Finally, in 2019, the DynaMesh-CESA implant was replaced with a T-shaped non-absorbable Albis Posterior Mesh for rectal prolapse, fixed bilaterally to the sacral bone at the S3 level. Additionally, the Dubuisson suspension was adjusted using Noé’s pectopexy for the implant’s reattachment to the pectineal ligaments. Conclusions: Severe uterine and rectal prolapse in young patients is rare and demands a tailored approach. Uterus-preserving surgery should be the priority. In the present case, a resorbable posterior mesh failed in rectal prolapse repair, while a combined rectal prolapse repair and hysteropexy with a non-resorbable posterior mesh proved effective.
Unpacking Tourette Syndrome in Children: Insights into Prevalence and Comorbidities from NSCH Data
Authors: Gunturu Sasidhar , Saeidi Mahdieh , Alzein Omar , Jafari Kamyar , Salehi Mona , Jaka Sanobar
Published: February 2025

Background: Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics. Although Tourette syndrome is known to have various comorbidities, comprehensive data on its prevalence and associated conditions in a large, diverse population are limited. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of Tourette syndrome and its comorbidities in children aged 3 to 17 years using data from the 2021 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). Methods: Data from 79,236 children aged 3–17 years were analyzed. The prevalence of Tourette syndrome was assessed, and its association with socio-demographic factors and comorbid conditions, including prematurity and low birth weight, was examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of Tourette syndrome was 0.3% among children aged 3–17 years, with higher rates in males (74%) and adolescents aged 11–17 years (74%). Prematurity and low birth weight were associated with higher rates of Tourette syndrome and its comorbidities. Neurodevelopmental conditions such as ADHD (49% in Tourette syndrome vs. 10.2% in non-Tourette syndrome), autism spectrum disorder (21% vs. 3.2%), and learning disabilities were significantly more prevalent among children with Tourette syndrome. Similarly, psychiatric disorders such as anxiety (60% vs. 11.3%) and depression (25% vs. 5%) were more common in the Tourette syndrome group. Immune-based conditions, including asthma and allergies, and physical health conditions such as diabetes and vision or hearing problems, were also significantly associated with TS. Conclusions: The study highlights the significant burden of comorbidities in children with Tourette syndrome, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and comprehensive management strategies to address the multifaceted challenges faced by these children.
Acute Coronary Syndrome and Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Hill Andrew P. , Iqbal Shaikh B. , Case Brian C. , Shankar Ananth A. , Merdler Ilan
Published: February 2025

Patients with rheumatic disease and immune disorders have been noted to show an earlier development of atherosclerosis and to present with acute coronary syndrome. These diseases disproportionately affect women, and patients frequently have a higher number of comorbidities and other risk factors. Inflammation has long been known to play a role in the development of coronary artery disease. Early studies have shown some benefit in treatment targeting inflammation. While this has not been realized for all populations, there remains potential in treatment with targeted and individualized therapies. Especially since these diseases are associated with a worse prognosis, management benefits from the multidisciplinary expertise of cardiologists, rheumatologists, and other providers. However, the prevention and treatment of underlying rheumatic disease remains essential. This review will seek to highlight prior studies and future directions in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome in patients with rheumatologic disease.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Is a Predictor of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Sakamaki Akira , Yokoyama Kunihiko , Yamazaki Hanako , Wakabayashi Takuya , Kojima Yuichi , Tominaga Kentaro , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Kamimura Kenya , Yokoyama Junji , Terai Shuji
Published: February 2025

Objective: Liver cirrhosis (LC) progression induces intestinal microbiota abnormalities, such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and these changes lead to the inflow of gut pathogens and their degradation products into the vessels, causing cirrhotic complications such as hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Methods: To clarify the relationship between the development of overt HE and SIBO, we conducted a three-year observation after assessment of SIBO in patients with LC. Results: In the analysis of 107 patients, with a mean follow-up duration of 29.4 months, 31 were diagnosed with SIBO and 30 with covert HE. In the Cox multivariate regression analysis for prognosis, the Child–Pugh score, blood urea nitrogen level, and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage of hepatocellular carcinoma were derived using the following five factors: white blood cell count, blood urea nitrogen level, Child–Pugh score, UICC stage, and serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels (p = 0.002, hazard ratio [HR] 3.733, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.592–8.754, p = 0.001, HR 1.076, 95% CI 1.030–1.123, and p < 0.001, HR 2.767, 95% CI 1.780–4.302, respectively). Furthermore, in the Cox multivariate regression analysis for overt HE development, covert HE and methane-producing SIBO were derived using the following four factors: methane-producing SIBO, UICC stage, covert HE, and serum ammonia levels (p = 0.038, HR 5.008, 95% CI 1.096–22.892 and p = 0.006, HR 8.597, 95% CI 1.881–39.291, respectively). Conclusions: M-SIBO positivity was a significant predictor of overt HE.
Transforming Cardiac Imaging: Can CT Angiography Replace Interventional Angiography in Tetralogy of Fallot?
Authors: Güzelbağ Ali Nazım , Baş Serap , Toprak Muhammet Hamza Halil , Kangel Demet , Çoban Şenay , Sağlam Selin , Öztürk Erkut
Published: February 2025

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a complex congenital heart condition characterized by four major anatomical abnormalities. Accurate preoperative imaging is critical for optimal surgical outcomes, with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), computed tomography angiography (CTA), and conventional catheter angiography (CCA) being the primary diagnostic tools. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic utility of TTE, CTA, and CCA in preoperative evaluations of TOF patients, focusing on anatomical parameters, imaging accuracy, and patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective, single-center analysis included TOF patients under one year of age who underwent complete repair between January 2021 and December 2024. Preoperative imaging with TTE, CTA, and CCA was analyzed for parameters including pulmonary artery diameters, Nakata index, McGoon ratio, and Z-scores. Radiation exposure, procedure duration, contrast volume, and complications were documented. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the comparative accuracy and safety of these modalities. Results: All patients underwent TTE (n = 127), while CTA was performed in 86 patients and CCA in 41 patients. Among 127 patients, 62% were male, with a mean age of 5.81 ± 2.15 months. On TTE, CTA and CCA provided statistically similar measurements of the pulmonary annulus, main pulmonary artery, and branch diameters, with no significant differences in the Nakata index and McGoon ratio. CTA had a shorter procedure duration (3.1 ± 0.58 min) and lower radiation dose (1.19 ± 0.22 mSv) compared to CCA (20.73 ± 11.12 min; 5.48 ± 1.62 mSv). CTA successfully identified major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) in 10% of patients and detected additional pulmonary pathologies, such as subsegmental atelectasis in 12%. Access site complications were observed in 10% of CCA cases but were absent in CTA evaluations. Conclusions: CTA emerges as a highly effective and non-invasive alternative to CCA for preoperative assessment of TOF, offering comparable anatomical accuracy with significantly reduced procedural risks, radiation exposure, and contrast volume. Combining TTE and CTA provides comprehensive diagnostic coverage, minimizing the need for invasive procedures and enhancing surgical planning. These findings underscore the evolving role of CTA in the management of congenital heart disease, contributing to improved patient safety and outcomes.
Selected Biochemical, Hematological, and Immunological Blood Parameters for the Identification of Malnutrition in Polish Senile Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mądra-Gackowska Katarzyna , Szewczyk-Golec Karolina , Gackowski Marcin , Hołyńska-Iwan Iga , Parzych Dominika , Czuczejko Jolanta , Graczyk Michał , Husejko Jakub , Jabłoński Tomasz , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Malnutrition in senile patients leads to functional disability while reducing quality of life. Medical professionals should routinely assess their nutritional status during hospitalization. However, diagnosing malnutrition may be difficult, especially since obesity may mask malnourishment. Thus, it is essential to search for biomarkers that improve the identification of malnourished inpatients. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, selected venous blood parameters were analyzed in 137 older inpatients at the age of 80.5 ± 7.78 admitted to the Geriatrics Clinic of the Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1 in Bydgoszcz, Poland between 2017 and 2018, for a comprehensive geriatric assessment. The participants were grouped according to their nutritional risks based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Geriatric Nutrition Risk Index (GNRI). The Kruskal–Wallis test was utilized to evaluate the equality of variances for a variable calculated for two or more groups. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: For total protein, albumin, homocysteine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total magnesium, total calcium, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), statistically significant differences were found between groups of patients classified by the MNA. However, additional significant differences were also observed for creatinine, folic acid, and triglycerides, according to the GNRI compartmentalization. The results indicate that decreased levels of albumin (<3 g/dL) and hemoglobin (<11 g/dL), along with elevated homocysteine, CRP, IL-6 (>7.5 pg/mL), and IP-10 (>250 pg/mL), should alert medical professionals to potential malnutrition in hospitalized patients. Conclusions: Routine analysis of venous blood parameters can help rapidly identify malnutrition and the immediate implementation of a specialized diet.
Advances in Digital Technologies in Dental Medicine: Enhancing Precision in Virtual Articulators
Authors: Lobo Sofia , Argolinha Inês , Machado Vanessa , Botelho João , Rua João , Li Junying , Mendes José João
Published: February 2025

Precision in diagnosis is essential for achieving optimal outcomes in prosthodontics, orthodontics, and orthognathic treatments. Virtual articulators provide a sophisticated digital alternative to conventional methods, integrating intraoral scans, facial scans, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to enhance treatment predictability. This review examines advancements in virtual articulator technology, including digital workflows, virtual facebow transfer, and occlusal analysis, with a focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven methodologies such as machine learning and artificial neural networks. The clinical implications, particularly in condylar guidance and sagittal condylar inclination, are investigated. By streamlining the acquisition and articulation of digital dental models, virtual articulators minimize material handling errors and optimize workflow efficiency. Advanced imaging techniques enable precise alignment of digital maxillary models within computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing systems (CAD/CAM), facilitating accurate occlusal simulations. However, challenges include potential distortions during digital file integration and the necessity for robust algorithms to enhance data superimposition accuracy. The adoption of virtual articulators represents a transformative advancement in digital dentistry, with promising implications for diagnostic precision and treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, further clinical validation is essential to ensure the reliable transfer of maxillary casts and refine digital algorithms. Future developments should prioritize the integration of AI to enhance predictive modeling, positioning virtual articulators as a standard tool in routine dental practice, thereby revolutionizing treatment planning and interdisciplinary collaboration. This review explores advancements in virtual articulators, focusing on their role in enhancing diagnostic precision, occlusal analysis, and treatment predictability. It examines digital workflows, AI-driven methodologies, and clinical applications while addressing challenges in data integration and algorithm optimization.
Oligometastatic Mixed Neuroendocrine Adenocarcinoma of the Esophago-Gastric Junction: A Case of Successful Multidisciplinary Management, the Lessons Learnt and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sotiropoulou Anastasia , Avgoustidou Maria , Milionis Vassilis , Papadimitriou Ioannis , Vergadis Chrysovalantis , Schizas Dimitrios , Arkadopoulos Nikolaos , Lyros Orestis
Published: February 2025

Background: Mixed neuroendocrine–non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) of the esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) are rare aggressive malignant neoplasms, with, currently, limited evidence regarding the appropriate therapeutic approach. Methods: Herein, we report multimodal treatment management of a patient with oligometastatic MiNEN of EGJ (Siewert III), discuss the lessons learnt, and provide a review of the literature. Results: A 69-year-old female was diagnosed with a locally advanced EGJ tumor and three liver metastases (cT4, cN+, M1). Although the initial histology from biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma, the histopathology of a lymph node biopsy from staging laparoscopy revealed infiltration of neuroendocrine carcinoma cells. Thus, the diagnosis of a mixed neuroendocrine adenocarcinoma was set, and systemic chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin was initiated. A major clinical response led to conversion surgical resection of the primary tumor and metastases, followed by adjuvant therapy with immunotherapy. The patient is free of disease at the 3-year follow-up. A review of the literature on similar cases of EGJ or gastric MiNENs revealed a limited number of cases. Out of the 39 patients, 20 of them (51.3%) suffered from advanced-stage disease. The MiNEN diagnosis typically occurred after surgical resection. Systemic chemotherapy against the neuroendocrine component demonstrated significant response rates, while in cases in which conversion surgery was offered, prolongation of survival was demonstrated. Conclusions: Our case and the existing literature on MiNENs of EGJ underline the need for a personalized treatment approach following thorough interpretation of comprehensive pretherapeutic staging. Conversion radical surgery with curative intent could be considered in cases of major or complete clinical response to induction chemotherapy with potentially favorable outcomes.
Factors Influencing the Choice of Conservative and Surgical Procedures in Dental Patients from Poland: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Łaganowski Kacper , Ortarzewska Martyna , Cieślik Kornela , Jankowski Jakub , Nijakowski Kacper
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Oral health behaviors can be shaped by various factors, both global (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) and individual (e.g., gender, age). This retrospective study aims to assess the factors influencing the choice between conservative and surgical dental procedures among patients based on the example of the university specialized center in Poznan. Methods: We explored the patient dataset from the University Center of Dentistry and Specialized Medicine (Poznan, Poland), covering the period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2023. A total of 182,654 medical records were analyzed, focusing on procedures such as restorations, endodontic interventions, and extractions. Multivariate logistic regression and multidimensional correspondence analyses were employed to assess the impact of demographic factors (age and gender) and tooth-specific characteristics on clinical decisions. Results: Females, particularly younger, were more likely to choose restorative procedures, while males, especially those over 50, predominantly underwent surgical procedures. Endodontic treatments were most common in males aged 18–30, primarily for maxillary anterior teeth and premolars. Molar extractions, especially in the mandible, were the most frequent surgical procedure. Maxillary teeth, particularly canines and premolars, were more likely to be treated conservatively. Conclusions: Economic factors, limited treatment access, and variations in patient preference influenced the observed patterns. Despite a national trend toward increased conservative treatments, disparities persisted based on age, gender, and tooth type. These findings emphasize the need for targeted prevention strategies and equitable access to advanced dental care.
Pharyngeal Mucosal Space Abscess: A Special Entity That Merits Special Management—Our Experience in 106 Cases
Authors: Maiou Charikleia , Lachanas Vasileios A. , Doumas Stergios Nik , Kalogritsas Nikolaos , Mpouronikou Anna , Hajiioannou Jiannis , Petinaki Efthymia , Skoulakis Charalampos E.
Published: February 2025

Background: Deep neck infections represent a common but heterogeneous medical condition, as clinical manifestations and outcomes vary, depending, among others, on the infection site. The pharyngeal mucosal space (PMS) represents the most superficial neck space, confined between the pharyngeal mucosa and the pharyngeal constrictor muscles. The collection of pus in the PMS (pharyngeal mucosal abscess (PMA)) is considered rare and is rarely reported in the literature. This study focuses on infections of the pharyngeal mucosal space, aiming to provide an elaborate description of the clinical behavior of this category and reporting its differences from other categories of deep neck infections (DNIs). Methods: A retrospective study of 743 cases of deep neck infections was conducted in a single tertiary center. Cases of abscesses, confined in the pharyngomucosal space (PMAs), were studied, reporting demographics, clinical features, imaging, bacteriology, and treatment data, and comparisons with other DNIs were made. Results: A total of 106 cases of pharyngomucosal space abscesses (PMAs) were reported, representing 14.3% of deep neck infections (DNIs). Dysphagia, odynophagia, and fever were the most common symptoms. Hospitalization with non-surgical drainage was the treatment of choice, resulting in complete recovery with no complications. Conclusions: In conclusion, the frequency of PMAs in our series suggests that they may not be as rare as they are considered to be. Symptoms and clinical findings can be similar to those of other DNIs, especially parapharyngeal abscesses, but, overall, PMAs seem to have a milder clinical behavior, highlighting the need for diagnosis and reporting as a separate, recognizable category.
Psychological Resilience Mediates the Impact of Childhood Trauma on Depressive Symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Baltacioğlu Mehmet , Puşuroğlu Meltem , Bahçeci Bülent , Aydın Taslı Begüm , Okumus Burak
Published: February 2025

Background: This research aimed to investigate the mediating and moderating effects of psychological resilience (PR) on the association between childhood trauma (CT) and the development of depression. Methods: This study included 94 cases who consecutively applied to the outpatient psychiatry clinic of Rize Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Training and Research Hospital in Turkey between 1 June 2023 and 1 December 2023 and were diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In addition, 83 healthy individuals (control group) were also included. Participants administered the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results: In the context of this research, the mediating effect of PR between CT and depression development was investigated. When examining the mediating role of PR on the association between CT and depression, it was found that CT statistically significantly influenced disease severity directly (B = 0.158, SE = 0.0398, z = 3.98, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.0759, 0.232]), while it also influenced disease severity indirectly through PR (B = 0.193, SE = 0.028, z = 6.88, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.1343, 0.244]). It was revealed that PR mediated the association between CT and depressive symptoms partially. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PR has a mediating effect on the relationship between CT and MDD. These results provide new contributions to the existing literature. Interventions that increase psychological resilience may positively contribute to the treatment of patients with MDD who have suffered from CT.
Local and Loco-Regional Anesthesia in Patients Who Underwent Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Fiore Marco , Cosenza Gianluigi , Parmeggiani Domenico , Coppolino Francesco , Ferraro Fausto , Pace Maria Caterina
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Globally, thyroid and parathyroid diseases are common and often require surgery. This review evaluates the current literature on the use of regional anesthesia in these surgeries, highlighting its advantages, limitations, and areas requiring further research. Methods: MEDLINE (via PubMed) and ResearchGate, the largest academic social networks, were utilized to retrieve literature on the topic. Results: Fifteen studies with few patients and largely uncontrolled on the use of loco-regional anesthesia (LRA) not combined with general anesthesia (GA) were found. Meanwhile, twenty-two better quality studies involving several patients on LRA combined GA were found. Conclusions: LRA, in combination with GA, has been proven to be the most reliable evidence for reducing opioid use and postoperative nausea and vomiting. LRA, not combined with GA, has been used in a few well-conducted studies; it seems to be feasible to use even in patients with severe systemic disease. Future controlled studies will need to validate its effectiveness and safety.
Bayesian Estimation of Generalized Log-Linear Poisson Item Response Models for Fluency Scores Using brms and Stan
Authors: Myszkowski Nils , Storme Martin
Published: February 2025

Divergent thinking tests are popular instruments to measure a person’s creativity. They often involve scoring fluency, which refers to the count of ideas generated in response to a prompt. The two-parameter Poisson counts model (2PPCM), a generalization of the Rasch Poisson counts model (RPCM) that includes discrimination parameters, has been proposed as a useful approach to analyze fluency scores in creativity tasks, but its estimation was presented in the context of generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) commercial software (e.g., Mplus). Here, we show how the 2PPCM (and RPCM) can be estimated in a Bayesian multilevel regression framework and interpreted using the R package brms, which provides an interface for the Stan programming language. We illustrate this using an example dataset, which contains fluency scores for three tasks and 202 participants. We discuss model specification, estimation, convergence, fit and comparisons. Furthermore, we provide instructions on plotting item response functions, comparing models, calculating overdispersion and reliability, as well as extracting factor scores.
Pre-Filtering SCADA Data for Enhanced Machine Learning-Based Multivariate Power Estimation in Wind Turbines
Authors: Wang Bubin , Zhou Bin , Zhu Denghao , Zou Mingheng , Luo Haoxuan
Published: February 2025

Data generated during the shutdown or start-up processes of wind turbines, particularly in complex wind conditions such as offshore environments, often accumulate in the low-wind-speed region, leading to reduced multivariate power estimation accuracy. Therefore, developing efficient filtering methods is crucial to improving data quality and model performance. This paper proposes a novel filtering method that integrates the control strategies of variable-speed, variable-pitch wind turbines, such as maximum-power point tracking (MPPT) and pitch angle control, with statistical distribution characteristics derived from supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). First, thresholds for pitch angle and rotor speed are determined based on SCADA data distribution, and the filtering effect is visualized. Subsequently, a sliding window technique is employed for the secondary confirmation of potential outliers, enabling further anomaly detection (AD). Finally, the performance of the power estimation model is validated using two wind turbine datasets and two machine learning algorithms, with results compared with and without filtering. The results demonstrate that the proposed filtering method significantly enhances the accuracy of multivariate power estimation, proving its effectiveness in improving data quality for wind turbines operating in diverse and complex environments.
Mechanisms of Uranium and Thorium Accumulation in the Lower Ediacaran Marine Sediments from the Upper Yangtze Platform, China: Implications for Helium Exploration
Authors: Zou Yi , Luo Qingyong , Zou Huayao , Chen Jianfa , Ji Wenming , Wu Jin , Du Tao , Liu Xintong , Fang Zilong , Hu Wenxin , Zhang Ye , Qiao Jinqi
Published: February 2025

The ocean is a significant global reservoir of uranium (U) and thorium (Th). These elements can be incorporated into marine sediments through processes involving organic matter (OM), redox conditions, terrigenous inputs, and mineral interactions. Helium generated through the radioactive decay of U and Th within geological formations represents a critical potential resource. Marine black shales, which are rich in U and Th, are widespread in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation of the Upper Yangtze Platform, making them a key target for helium exploration. However, there is limited research on the mechanisms behind U and Th accumulation in these shales. This study focuses on shales from the Doushantuo Formation in Chongqing, China, aiming to explore the mechanisms of U and Th accumulation and assess the potential for helium generation, and argillaceous dolomites are included for comparative analysis. The results show that the average U and Th content in the black shales (17.58 and 9.78 ppm, respectively) is higher than that of argillaceous dolomites (3.52 and 2.75 ppm, respectively). Uranium mainly comes from authigenic precipitation and hydrothermal inputs, while thorium is primarily sourced from terrigenous and hydrothermal inputs. The semi-humid climate in the provenance area facilitated parent rock weathering, with atmospheric precipitation and river systems transporting U and Th to the ocean. However, excessive terrigenous input can dilute the U and Th content in the sediments. In the shales, uranium is primarily adsorbed and/or complexed by organic matter (OM), with the anoxic–euxinic sedimentary environment and high OM content (TOC = 0.06–34.58 wt.%, r = 0.95) promoting U accumulation. Thorium accumulation is largely controlled by adsorption onto clay minerals. The total amount of helium generated from the Doushantuo shales is estimated to be 7.20 × 1010 m3.
Nanomedicine: Transforming the Management of Ocular Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Savvidou Georgia , Spyratou Ellas , Zachou Maria-Eleni , Efstathopoulos Efstathios P.
Published: February 2025

Nanomedicine is emerging as a groundbreaking strategy for the management of the neuro-visual symptoms of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. This innovative field of study leverages nanoscale materials and technologies to improve drug delivery, enabling targeted treatments to reach the affected ocular tissues. By facilitating the transport of therapeutic agents across the blood–retinal barrier and boosting their bioavailability, nanomedicine holds the potential to significantly mitigate the symptoms of conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), etc. This review summarizes the latest developments in nanomedicine applications for the management of these ocular conditions, highlighting their capacity to foster more effective disease diagnosis and treatment.
Transcriptional Regulation Mechanisms in Adaptively Evolved Pichia kudriavzevii Under Acetic Acid Stress
Authors: Dolpatcha Sureeporn , Phong Huynh Xuan , Thanonkeo Sudarat , Klanrit Preekamol , Boonchot Nongluck , Yamada Mamoru , Thanonkeo Pornthap
Published: February 2025

Acetic acid, a common weak acid in industrial fermentation processes, occurs naturally in lignocellulosic hydrolysates and is a byproduct of microbial metabolism. As a significant environmental stressor, it triggers the expression of multiple genes involved in various cellular responses, including biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. Using the acid-tolerant strain Pichia kudriavzevii PkAC-9, developed through adaptive laboratory evolution under acetic acid stress, we conducted a transcriptional analysis of 70 stress response-associated genes. RT-qPCR analysis revealed significant upregulation of several genes compared with the wild-type strain under acetic acid stress conditions. The most dramatic changes occurred in genes encoding key metabolic enzymes and stress response proteins associated with the TCA cycle (Fum: 18.6-fold, Aco: 17.1-fold, Oxo: 9.0-fold), carbon and energy metabolism (Tdh2: 28.0-fold, Erg2: 2.0-fold), electron transport chain (Gst: 10.6-fold), molecular chaperones (Hsp104: 26.9-fold, Hsp70: 13.0-fold, Sgt2: 10.0-fold), and transcriptional activators. Our findings indicate that the enhanced acetic acid tolerance of P. kudriavzevii PkAC-9 primarily depends on the coordinated upregulation of genes involved in energy metabolism, cellular detoxification mechanisms, and protein quality control systems through heat shock and transcriptional activator proteins.
Reducing Risk by Understanding the Interplay of Critical Audit Matters and Culture
Authors: Pacheco-Paredes Arturo , Turner Elizabeth , Wheatley Clark
Published: February 2025

Prior research has called for the need to investigate how national cultural values can affect accountants’ interpretations of accounting standards. We focus on CAMs because they serve an important monitoring function, instilling credibility, trust, and confidence in the financial statements of emerging and international entities. Using a robust fixed effects regression on a sample of 1387 CAMs from companies who are listed on a US stock exchange with a non-US audit firm (2019–2021), we find that the number of CAMs reported is positively (negatively) associated with individualism and uncertainty (power distance). We also find a positive association between the strength of investor protections and the number of CAMs. Next, we find similar relationships between language (as proxied by the FOG Index) and the three measures of national culture. These findings contribute to the literature focusing on how the interplay of CAMs and culture can help investors manage investment risk.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Obstacle Factor Analysis of Land Ecological Security in the Surrounding Areas of Beijing, China
Authors: Wang Yutong , Yang Jianyu
Published: February 2025

Land ecological security is essential for sustainable land resource use and socioeconomic development. This study presents an evaluation index system combining single-indicator quantification, multi-indicator integration, and multi-criteria comprehensive assessment. It evaluates the land ecological security of 13 regions in the surrounding areas of Beijing from 2012 to 2021. Using Natural Breaks classification and hotspot and coldspot analysis, the study explores the temporal trends and spatial patterns of land ecological security. The obstacle degree model identifies constraining factors, and geographically weighted regression analyzes spatial heterogeneity. The results show the following: (1) The land ecological security index increased from 2012 to 2021, with rapid growth in southeastern Beijing and the three northern counties of Langfang, indicating high security levels. (2) The land ecological security of the region exhibits a symmetrical north–south distribution, with high-security areas concentrated in the Langfang Urban Area, Sanhe City, and Dachang County, while low-security areas are primarily found in Chicheng and Zhuolu counties. (3) The key factors hindering land ecological security are land economic density, fixed-asset investment per unit area, and GDP growth rate, with varying impacts across counties, showing significant spatial heterogeneity.
Physical Inactivity and Cardiovascular Health in Aging Populations: Epidemiological Evidence and Policy Implications from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alodhialah Abdulaziz M. , Almutairi Ashwaq A. , Almutairi Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Background: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly among older adults. Physical inactivity, a modifiable risk factor, is strongly associated with the development and progression of CVD through its correlation with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. This study examines the association between physical inactivity and cardiovascular health among older adults in the Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 168 participants aged 60 years and older attending a tertiary hospital in Riyadh. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), anthropometric measurements, and medical record reviews. Cardiovascular health indicators and risk factors were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Participants with low physical activity levels had a higher prevalence of hypertension (78.2%), diabetes (64.4%), and obesity (51.3%) compared to those with high activity levels (41.8%, 28.7%, and 22.3%, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that physical inactivity was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of CVD (adjusted OR: 1.98, p < 0.001), with hypertension and diabetes also being strong predictors. Conclusions: Physical inactivity is strongly correlated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in older adults. Interventions targeting increased physical activity are essential to reducing the CVD burden. Community-based programs and policy-driven initiatives tailored to the Riyadh region’s specific environmental and cultural factors are crucial in promoting active lifestyles among aging populations.
Prognostic Factors of Postoperative Mortality in Patients with Complicated Right Colon Cancer
Authors: Mihailov Raul , Dima Corina , Constantin Bianca Georgiana , Dimofte Florentin , Craescu Mihaela , Moroianu Lavinia , Candussi Laura Iuliana , Lutenco Virginia , Mihailov Oana Mariana , Lutenco Valerii
Published: February 2025

The incidence of right colon cancer presenting in a stage with complications is significant. There are major differences in therapeutic approach between elective colon cancer surgery and emergency surgery. Complications such as hemorrhage, obstruction, and perforation require careful evaluation of prognostic factors, with morbidity and mortality rates being much higher compared to elective colon surgery. We retrospectively analyzed a group of 95 patients admitted in an emergency to the County Emergency Hospital St. Apostol Apostol Andrei Galati with complicated tumors of the right colon—occlusive, perforated, or hemorrhagic. A series of clinical and biological parameters were followed in order to identify the prognostic factors in the occurrence of death. We analyzed the specialized literature, comparing our study with other similar research from the most important databases. The postoperative death rate in patients with complicated right colon cancer was high. Most complications were occlusive, followed by hemorrhagic and perforative.