bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Phenomenological Analysis of Group Counseling Experiences for Teachers Who Experienced Educational Activity Infringement
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, YANG Eun-Hyang
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to derive a therapeutic intervention plan for teachers who arevictims of educational activity infringement and apply it to prevent and cope with the violationof educational activities. To this end, previous research on educational activity infringement inKorea was analyzed. Also, the experiences of teachers who experienced educational activityinfringement and participated in group counseling for recovery were phenomenologicallyanalyzed. Social support, cognitive reconstruction, emotional reconstruction of experiences, andcoping strategies were dealt with as factors that positively influence negative symptoms and thehealing and recovery of stress disorders caused by educational activity infringement. Thetraining of coping methods to prevent educational activity infringement and the institutionalsupport to increase access to counseling is discussed.
Analysis of Research Trends on Family Centers: 2004∼2022
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, HWANG Hye-Jung
Published: May 2023

The purposes of this research were to analyze research trends on family centers by year,research type, data collection method, research subjects, and research topics, to improvein-depth understanding of the centers, and to suggest future developmental directions for thecenters. For this, 175 research papers on family centers from 2004 to 2022, were analyzed. Theanalysis results are as follows. First, research papers on family centers have been performedcontinuously. Second, academic journals were published more than theses. Third, quantitativeresearches were performed more than qualitative researches. Fourth, the subjects were mainlycenter employees and participants. Fifth, major research topics were various projects. Based onthese results, this research suggests future directions of researches on family centers.
Multiple Mediating Effects of Intrinsic Enlistment Motivation and Resilience on Relationship between Military Life Stress and Military Life Adjustment of Soldiers
Authors:   The Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare, BANG Sang-Ok , PARK Sun-Yeong
Published: May 2023

This study was conducted to verify the multi-mediating effect of intrinsic enlistment motivationand resilience in the relationship between soldiers’ military life stress and military lifeadjustment. To this end, a survey was conducted on 339 soldiers, and the structuralrelationships and mediating effects between variables were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS21.0. The summary of the research results as follows. First, military life adjustment, intrinsicenlistment motivation, and resilience showed a significant positive correlation reciprocally, andall three variables showed a significant negative correlation with military life stress. Second, thevalidity of the measurement model was acqiured through confirmatory factor analysis, and thefitness of the research model was confirmed through structural equation model verification. Third, military life stress of soldiers’ negatively effect on their military life adjustment, and it wasfound that both intrinsic military motivation and resilience partially mediated this. Fourth, as aresult of analyzing the phantom variable, the mediating effect of resilience was relatively large. Along with the discussions of thoese results, limitations and guidances for follow-up studieswere presented.
Collision Entropy Estimation in a One-Line Formula
Authors: Gecchele Alessandro
Published: May 2023

Integer-order Rényi entropies are synthetic indices useful for the characterization of probability distributions. In recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted to arrive at valid estimates of these indices starting from experimental data, to derive a suitable classification method for the underlying processes. However, optimal solutions have not been reached yet. A one-line formula limited to the estimation of collision entropy is presented here. The results of some specific Monte Carlo experiments gave evidence of its validity even for the very low densities of the data spread in the sample space. The strengths of this method are unbiased consistency, generality and minimum computational cost.
Thaw-Season InSAR Surface Displacements and Frost Susceptibility Mapping to Support Community-Scale Planning in Ilulissat, West-Greenland
Authors: Scheer Johanna , Caduff Rafael , How Penelope , Marcer Marco , Strozzi Tazio , Bartsch Annett , Ingeman-Nielsen Thomas
Published: May 2023

In permafrost regions, ground surface deformations induced by freezing and thawing threaten the integrity of the built environment. Mapping the frost susceptibility of the ground at a high spatial resolution is of practical importance for the construction and planning sectors. We processed Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from thawing seasons 2015 to 2019, acquired over the area of Ilulissat, West Greenland. We used a least-squares inversion scheme to retrieve the average seasonal displacement (S) and long-term deformation rate (R). We secondly investigated two different methods to extrapolate active layer thickness (ALT) measurements, based on their statistical relationship with remotely-sensed surface characteristics. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was first implemented, but the model was not able to fit the data and represent the ALT spatial variability over the entire study domain. ALT were alternatively averaged per vegetation class, using a land cover map derived by supervised classification of Sentinel-2 images. We finally estimated the active layer ice content and used it as a proxy to map the frost susceptibility of the ground at the community scale. Fine-grained sedimentary basins in Ilulissat were typically frost susceptible and subject to average seasonal downward displacements of 3 to 8 cm. Areas following a subsiding trend of up to 2.6 cm/yr were likely affected by permafrost degradation and melting of ground ice below the permafrost table. Our approach enabled us to identify frost-susceptible areas subject to severe seasonal deformations, and/or long-term subsidence induced by degrading permafrost. Used in combination with traditional site investigations, InSAR maps provide valuable information for risk management and community planning in the Arctic.
Isotope Detection in Microwave-Assisted Laser-Induced Plasma
Authors: Alamri Ali M. , Viljanen Jan , Kwomg Philip , Alwahabi Zeyad T.
Published: May 2023

Isotope detection and identification is paramount in many fields of science and industry, such as in the fusion and fission energy sector, in medicine and material science, and in archeology. The isotopic information provides fundamental insight on the research questions related to these fields as well as insight on product quality and operational safety. However, isotope identification with the established mass-spectrometric methods is laborious and requires laboratory conditions. In this work, Microwave-Assisted Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (MW-LIBS) is introduced for isotope detection and identification utilizing radical and molecular emission. The approach is demonstrated with stable B and Cl isotopes in solids and H isotopes in liquid using emission from BO and BO2, CaCl, and OH molecules, respectively. MW-LIBS utilizes the extended emissive plasma lifetime and molecular emission signal integration times up to 900 s to enable use of low ~4 mJ ablation energy without compromising signal intensity and, consequently, sensitivity. On the other hand, long plasma lifetime gives time for molecular formation. Increase in the signal intensity towards the late microwave-assisted plasma was prominent in BO2 and OH emission intensities. As MW-LIBS is online-capable and requires minimal sample preparation, it is an interesting option for isotope detection in various applications.
The Effects of Alnus subcordata Roots on Soil Detachment Rates in Forestland of Northern Iran
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Zeinab , Parhizkar Misagh , Zomorodian Maryam , Shamsi Reza , Mirmohammadmeygooni Seyedehmina , Shabanpour Mahmood
Published: May 2023

Plant roots have significant effects on the soil erosion rates, since they can strongly change the soil detachment capacity (Dc). This study quantifies Dc at different flow rates in soils with Alnus subcordata species, compared to three other species (Brachythecium plumose, Gleditsia caspica and Sambucus ebulus species) in the Saravan forest park and develops regression equations for predicting Dc. Undisturbed samples collected from soils with the four tree species and subjected to five slopes (from 4.3 to 38.3%) and five water discharges (from 0.28 to 0.71 l m−1 s−1) using a hydraulic flume. The results showed that Dc was significantly lower in soils with Alnus subcordata species compared to Brachythecium plumose, Gleditsia caspica and Sambucus ebulus species, as the consequence of the changes in the root characteristics, so that Dc was negatively correlated with root weight density, root length and root biomass. The unit stream power had high accuracy for predicting Dc for all of the studied species. The lowest value of rill erodibility (Kr) was obtained in soils with Alnus subcordata species using regression relationship between the Dc and the shear stress of the soil. This experiment helped to show the importance of plant roots in reducing the soil detachment rates and provided a contribution in understanding the choice of appropriate species for soil conservation.
Risk-aware Distributionally Robust Optimization for Mobile Edge Computation Task Offloading in Space–Air–Ground Integrated Networks
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Chen Pinrun
Published: May 2023

As an emerging network paradigm, Space-Air-Ground integrated networks (SAGIN) has attracted the attentions from academia and industry. That is because SAGIN can implement seamless global coverage and connections among electronic devices in space, air, and ground spaces. Additionally, the shortages of computing and storage resources in mobile devices greatly affect the quality of experiences for intelligent applications. Hence, we devise to integrate SAGIN as an abundant resource pool into mobile edge computing environments (MEC). To facilitate efficient processing, we need to solve the optimal task offloading decisions. Different from the existing MEC task offloading solutions, we have to face some new challenges, such as the fluctuation of processing capability for an edge computing node, the uncertainty of the transmission latency caused by the heterogeneous network protocols, the uncertain amount of uploaded tasks during a period, and so on. In this paper, we firstly describe a task offloading decision problem in new challenge environments. But, we cannot use the standard robust optimization and stochastic optimization methods to obtain the optimal result under the uncertain network environments. In this paper, we propose the condition value at risk-aware distributionally robust optimization algorithm, named as CVAR-DRO, to solve the task offloading decision problem. The proposed CVAR-DRO method combines the distributionally robust optimization and the condition value at risk model for solving the optimal result. And then, We have evaluated our approach in simulation SAGIN environments with the confidence interval, the number of mobile task-offloading and the various parameters. We compare our proposed CVAR-DRO algorithm with the state-of-the-art algorithms, such as the standard robust optimization algorithm, the stochastic optimization algorithm, the DRO algorithm, and the brute algorithm. The experimental results show that CVAR-DRO can get a sub-optimal mobile task-offloading decision. Overall, CVAR-DRO is more robust than others to the new challenges mentioned above in SAGIN.
Plant Tissue Culture in Sri Lanka: Current status, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Padukkage Duwini , Nanayakkara Chandrika M. , Padmini Chandra
Published: May 2023

Lack of reliable information on PTC industry in Sri Lanka is hampering the advancement of the technology. Hence, this study attempted to assess the current status of PTC industry in Sri Lanka in order to ascertain the type and the level of interventions needed to broaden the horizons of the industry. Data of last 05 years were collected through qualitative research methods including a questionnaire-based survey, personal interviews, etc. and personal interviews to identify product diversity, R&D, available facilities, production capacity, and markets. Information was analyzed qualitatively using descriptive statistical software to assess the current status, and identify gaps, challenges and opportunities. COVID pandemic and the economic crisis had a heavy toll on the PTC industry. Six major challenges experienced by business owners were identified as increasing capacity, opportunities to build market linkages, demand fluctuations, issues relating to awareness and insufficient support given by the government. Proper identification and screening of mother plants, determining the production capacities and marketing, knowledgeable and skilled human resources, were identified as important contributory factors for success. Development strategies identified mainly include instinctive decision making and government support. Embracing the significant trade achievements through resource reallocation, prioritization and improvisation processes at individual, family group, inter-organizational levels and across these levels need to be regulated through a responsible authority. These interpretations and recommendations of this research can be utilized both by the policy makers and public and private sector organizations for decision making purposes targeting commercial scale advancements.
Comparison of Deeply Versus Mildly Invasive Mesothelioma Proteomes Identifies Potential Links Between Mitochondrial Acadvl Expression and Biomarkers of Aggressiveness
Authors: Pouliquen Daniel L. , Kopecka Joanna , Blandin Stéphanie , Boissard Alice , Henry Cécile , Riganti Chiara , Guette Catherine
Published: May 2023

Recent reports suggest that dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a key feature of the most invasive cancers. To identify potential biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness, we compared the proteomes of two experimental models of malignant mesothelioma in rats exhibiting different invasive properties. Quantitative changes between the most invasive, M5-T1, versus the least invasive, F4-T2, first led to a list of 424 proteins. A second step, cross-comparing this list with 433 proteins distinguishing invasive vs non-invasive tumors, led to identifying 88 proteins that specifically increased and 157 that decreased, respectively, characterizing the most aggressive M5-T1 tumor. Among the 15 mitochondrial proteins found in these lists, the very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, encoded by the Acadvl gene and involved in fatty acid beta oxidation, appeared to play an important role in the metabolic reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections confirmed increased expression of Acadvl in the M5-T1 tumor. Finally, the dramatic increase and decrease, observed in 25 and 17 proteins, respectively, suggested the existence of a strong link between mitochondrial events and modifications of the extracellular matrix, immune cell components or other subcellular compartments. These findings highlight some important aspects of the tumor microenvironment changes linked to aggressiveness.
Vitamin D Role in Childhood Mite Allergy and Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT)
Authors: Petrarca Claudia , Viola Davide
Published: May 2023

The post-hoc analysis presented here aimed to address the influence of endogenous vitamin D in the immunological mechanism underlying effective mite allergoid-immunotherapy (AIT). Previously, we have shown that one subpopulation of T regulatory cells results in phenotypically identifiable as functionally potentiated and memory cells in allergic children after 12 months of this immunoactive treatment. Indeed, AIT is the only known treatment able to reshape the detrimental immune response against the allergen into a not noxious one. Besides, VD is widely considered an immunoregulatory molecule endogenously produced and exogenously provided with foods and supplements that might interact with AIT mechanism and affect its outcome. Therefore, a post-hoc analysis of the clinical and immunological data of three different cohorts of allergic patients was performed. One cohort (N=70) was on standard symptoms-controlling pharmacological treatment while the other two (N=60 and N=35, respectively) were treated with AIT for 12 months. Among the first were observed a lower mean endogenous VD level (<22 ng/ml) along with worse symptoms and higher use of medications. Remarkably, the comparison between two sub-cohorts of patients with serum VD above (N=32) or below (N=28) a cut-off value set at mean value (27 ng/ml) revealed that optimal improvement of all clinical and immune parameters was achieved (as expected by effective AIT), irrespective of the VD level. Notably, the third analysis, carried out on one cohort of AIT patients also taking concomitantly VD3 as food supplement (N=19), was distinguished by uppermost overall treatment outcome (amelioration of symptoms, lowest medications requirement, and reduction of total and allergen-specific IgE) as well as the increase of allergen-specific tolerogenic memory T regulatory cells. These findings suggest that endogenous VD level affects allergy severity and allergen immunotherapy effectiveness. Also, VD3 might be investigated as an add-on supplement to get the best out of immunotherapy in VD deficient/insufficient allergic patients. The immunogenic but low-allergenic mite allergoid used as bioactive agent might have contributed to minimize allergic and highlight immunological effects described here.
Surveillance, Isolation, and Genetic Characterization of Bat Herpesviruses in Zambia
Authors: Harima Hayato , Qiu Yongjin , Yamagishi Junya , Kajihara Masahiro , Changula Katendi , Okuya Kosuke , Isono Mao , Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Ogawa Hirohito , Nao Naganori , Sasaki Michihito , Simulundu Edgar , Mweene Aaron S , Sawa Hirofumi , Ishihara Kanako , Hang’ombe Bernard M , Takada Ayato
Published: May 2023

Bats are of significant interest as reservoirs for various zoonotic viruses with high diversity. During the past two decades, many herpesviruses have been identified in various bats worldwide by genetic approaches, whereas there have been few reports on the isolation of infectious herpesviruses. Herein, we report the prevalence of herpesvirus infection of bats captured in Zambia and genetic characterization of novel gammaherpesviruses isolated from Macronycteris vittatus bats. By our PCR screening, herpesvirus genomes were detected in 29.2% (7/24) of Rousettus aegyptiacus, 78.1% (82/105) of Macronycteris vittatus, and 100% (1/1) of Hipposideros caffer bats in Zambia. Phylogenetic analyses of the detected herpesvirus genomes revealed that the Zambian bat herpesviruses were divided into seven betaherpesvirus groups and five gammaherpesvirus groups. Two infectious strains of a novel gammaherpesvirus, tentatively named Macronycteris gammaherpesvirus 1 (MaGHV1), were successfully isolated from Macronycteris vittatus bats, and their complete genomes were sequenced. The genome of MaGHV1 encoded 79 open reading frames, and phylogenic analyses of the DNA polymerase and glycoprotein B demonstrated that MaGHV1 formed an independent lineage sharing a common origin with other bat-derived gammaherpesviruses. Our findings provide new information regarding the genetic diversity of herpesviruses maintained in African bats.
Quantum Beam Scattering --- Beam's Coherence Length, Which-path Information, and Weak Values
Authors: Chatzidimitriou-Dreismann C. Aris
Published: May 2023

The conventional theory of neutron beams interacting with many-body systems treats the beam as a classical system, i.e. with its dynamical variables appearing in the quantum dynamics of the scattering process not as operators but only as c-numbers. Moreover, neutrons are described with plane waves, i.e. the concept of neutron's (finite) coherence length is here irrelevant. The same holds for electron, atom or X-ray scattering. This simplification results in the full decoupling of the probe particle's dynamics from the quantum dynamics of the scatterer---a well-known fact also reflected in the standard formalism of time-correlation functions (see textbooks). Making contact with modern quantum theoretical approaches (e.g., quantum entanglement, 'which-path detection' versus interference, von Neumann measurement, Week Values, etc.) new observable effects may be exposed and/or predicted, for instance, a momentum-transfer deficit and an intensity deficit in neutron scattering from protons of hydrogen-containing samples. 7
Phenomenological Considerations of the World of the Obsessive Patient
Authors: Demaria Francesco , Pontillo Maria , Bellantoni Domenica , Di Vincenzo Cristina , Vicari Stefano
Published: May 2023

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remains, despite significant scientific progress, a pathological condition that is incomprehensible, due toits paradoxical psychological and behavioral symptoms. The presentwork aims at assessing current phenomenological understandings of this pathology. Among the cognitive models used today, post-rationalist cognitivism and cognitive neuropsychological psychotherapy, which both incorporate a phenomenological approach, seem most effective at grasping OCD patients’ experiences of the world, which are typically characterized by hyper-reflexivity, at the expense of "natural evidence." For OCD patients, the emotional sense of the world becomes a set of sterile rules that determine a suffering life.
Human Milk Feeding Could Protect Extremely Preterm Infants from Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Verd Sergio , Porta Roser , Ginovart Gemma , Ávila Alvarez Alejandro , García-Muñoz Rodrigo Fermín , Izquierdo Renau Montserrat , Ventura Paula Sol
Published: May 2023

Introduction
The increase in survival of extremely preterm infants has led to increased rates
of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Therefore, a potential role of human milk feeding in protecting against this condition has been suggested.

Material and methods
Retrospective descriptive study based on data about morbidity in the population of infants born from 22+0 to 26+6 weeks of gestation, included in the Spanish network SEN1500 during the period 2004-2019 and who were alive at discharge. The primary outcome was moderate-severe BPD. In addition, associated conditions were studied, including breastfeeding at discharge. The temporal trends of BPD and breastfeeding rates at discharge were also studied.

Results
In the study population of 4341 infants who survived to discharge, the rate of moderate-severe BPD was 43,7% and increased over the period to a rate >50% in the last three years. The factors significantly associated with a higher risk of moderate-severe BPD were male sex, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide, patent ductus arteriosus, and late-onset sepsis. Exclusive human milk feeding at discharge and any amount of human milk at discharge were associated with a lower incidence of moderate-severe BPD (OR 0.752, 95% CI 0.629-0.901, and OR 0.714, 95% CI 0.602-0.847, respectively). The rates of human milk at discharge in infants with moderate-severe BPD increased over the period. In the last years, more than one-third of extremely preterm infants were discharged on exclusive human milk feeds, and about two-thirds of them on any amount of human milk feeding.

Conclusions The results of the present study strongly support the role of any amount of human milk in preventing BDP in extremely preterm infants.
WORKSHOP UPSCALE PRODUCT “STANDARISASI UMKM SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PEREKONOMIAN DESA JANTI”
Authors: Marsudi Kenlies Era Rosalina , Muhammad Nur Hanif  , Roudlotul Husna
Published: May 2023

Janti Slahung Ponorogo Village is an area whose people are known to have many Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs in this area include catering, tailors, oyster mushroom cultivation, and also Rengginang snacks. MSMEs, the majority of whom are the older generation, have not been able to properly keep up with the development of sophisticated technology that can support the progress of their business. This has made it difficult for MSMEs in this village to develop and MSME actors claim to be overwhelmed in the face of intense competition in entrepreneurship. The main difficulty for MSMEs is that they have to understand the sophistication of technology in marketing MSME products on social media and attractive packaging. For this reason, a training and mentoring program is needed related to product branding and product packaging. The training and mentoring begins with the Upscale Product Workshop.The method used is ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) implemented through several steps namely, discovery, design, define, and reflection. The strategy used for the MSME community is in the form of invitations, explanations and direct practice. With this activity, it is hoped that people who participate in training and mentoring will have more capabilities to support their business by mastering product marketing strategies that are in line with the times and market needs that are in demand by consumers in this era and have product packaging capabilities that attract consumers' purchasing power.
Artificial Intelligence Uncovers Evolutionarily Conserved Intracellular Allosteric Modulators of GPCR-Gα Interface
Authors: Mohanty Sanjay , Mittal Aayushi , Gaur Aakash , Solanki Saveena , Kumar Suvendu , Duari Subhadeep , Arora Sakshi , Gautam Vishakha , Dixit Nilesh , Ghosh Tarini , Sengupta Debarka , Gupta Shashi , Murugan Natarajan , Ahuja Gaurav
Published: May 2023

Traditionally, the exogenous allosteric modulators of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been extensively investigated due to their pharmacological significance. However, to date, only a handful of endogenous intracellular allosteric modulators are known, that too with inconclusive binding information and their associated phenotypes. This limitation primarily stems from the non-availability of robust computational techniques that entails unbiased cavity identification across GPCR protein topology, cavity-specific ligand design, their synthesis, and cross-validation. Here, we introduce Gcoupler, which leverages an integrative approach combining de novo ligand design, statistical methods, and Graph Neural Networks for rationally predicting high-affinity ligands. Gcoupler offers an efficient and comparatively faster route to explore endogenous allosteric sites of GPCRs, including the GPCR-Gα interface. We tested and validated the applicability of Gcoupler in decrypting the cellular metabolites that could intracellularly but directly modulate the Ste2 (GPCR)-mediated pheromone-induced cell death in yeast. Our rigorous interrogation using Gcoupler and experimental approaches, including yeast genetic screening, RNA Sequencing, high-resolution metabolomics, and functional assays, identified endogenous hydrophobic metabolites as intracellular allosteric inhibitors of Ste2p signaling. Elevated intracellular levels of these metabolites, either naturally, through genetic alterations, or exogenous treatment, rescue the pheromone-induced programmed cell death. Mechanistic insights revealed that metabolites harbor high-binding affinity to the conserved GPCR-Gα interface and trigger a cohesive response that potentially obstructs downstream signaling. Finally, by utilizing isoproterenol-induced, GPCR-mediated human and neonatal rat cardiac hypertrophy models, we observed that elevated metabolite levels attenuate hypertrophic response, reinforcing the functional and evolutionary relevance of this mechanism. In summary, our study reports a robust computational method that uncovered a novel, evolutionary conserved, and metabolite-driven regulatory mechanism of GPCR signaling.
Alksite – based material to restore endodontically treated teeth: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bepu Davi , Franco Natalia , Souza-Gabriel Aline , Sanchez Luiza Pejon , Corona Silmara
Published: May 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was evaluated longitudinally evaluate, after a 6-months period, the clinical performance of an alkasit- based material (Cention N, Ivoclar) in molars with root canal treatment.
Methods The project was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials – REBEC (RBR97kx5jv) on 19/01/2023. This randomized clinical trial that included 33 patients with an endodontically treated mandibular molar requiring restoration. Patients were randomly assigned according to the restorative treatment: control: restoration with Bulk-fill resin (Ivoclar - n=17) and restoration with alkasite-based material (Ivoclar - n=16). A self-etching adhesive was applied. Three calibrated professionals used the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria to evaluate retention, secondary caries, marginal adaptation, restoration color, marginal pigmentation, and anatomical shape at seven days(baseline) and six months. The radiographic analysis assessed the presence of a radiolucent line adjacent to the restoration, the lack or excess of the material, contact point, and caries recurrence in both periods. Data were analyzed by Friedman, Kruskall-Walis, and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05).
Results After 6 months of follow up, the Alksite-based demonstrated greater wear of the anatomical shape (p=0.022), and a greater color difference compared to natural tooth (p=0.0332), both with a statistically significant difference. All other criteria did not show significant differences between the materials or the analysis periods.
Conclusion The use of Alkasite-based material on endodontically treated teeth influenced the color and anatomical shape performance, however did not influence the longevity and success of the composite restorations after six months. Clinical Relevance Alkasite Based material may be an alternative for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth
Studying of the Covid-19 model by using the finite element method: Theoretical and numerical simulation
Authors: Alhejili Weaam , Khader M. M. , lotfy khaled , El-Bary A. , Adel M.
Published: May 2023

This study simulates the start of coronavirus infection using a mathematical model based on ordinary differential equations (Covid-19). Additionally, provide the numerical treatment and simulation of this model using the finite element approach (FEM). The goal of this research is to stop and slow the spread of a sickness that is ravaging the globe. A susceptible person may also transfer immediately to the quarantined class after the exposed person has been quarantined or moved to one of the contaminated classes. This model was employed by the researchers to account for both asymptomatic and symptomatic infected people. The proposed model is reduced to a set of algebraic equations using the FEM. The resulting system is then created as an optimization problem with constraints, which is subsequently optimized to obtain the solution and the unknown coefficients. The obtained findings are compared to those produced using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4). Finally, we calculate the residual error function of the approximation in order to validate the FEM, and it is presented in symmetric forms.
MSC 2010: 34A12; 41A30; 47H10; 65N20.
Analysis of Power-law Queues Using Maximum Entropy Framework: An Application to Performance Evaluation of Network Systems
Authors: Sharma Shachi
Published: May 2023

Extensive research on traffic of modern communication networks including Internet and wireless establish the presence of power-law behavior. However, developing traffic models capturing power-law characteristics is a difficult task due to analytical intractability. Adopting maximum entropy approach, a theoretical model Pow/Pow/1/∞ has been proposed recently. The paper extends the framework to build two new theoretical models Pow/Pow/1/K and Pow/Pow/K/K where both inter-arrival and service times follow power law distribution. Closed form expressions of queue length distribution and various performance measures are derived in terms of traffic intensity ρ. An explicit expression for state probability distribution of Pow/Pow/K/K is also derived and compared with well-known Erlang loss formula. Both queue length distribution and blocking probability are found to depict power-law implying that increasing buffers have little impact on improving the performance of systems in these cases. Numerical computations reveal that the mean queue length explodes as ρ tends to 0.5 resulting in longer delay. The variance of number of packets also depicts sharp rise as ρ approaches to 0.3. These results are in close agreement with the empirical studies carried out on real traffic traces in the past. The proposed models are useful in designing networks, dimensioning resources and developing congestion control algorithms.
Environmental impact of foreign direct investment in Turkey: does the quality of institutions matter? Evidence from time series anaylsis with the fourier extension
Authors: Avcı Gizem Mukiyen
Published: May 2023

Foreign direct investment (FDI) and ecological footprint (EFP) has exhibited a notable surge in Turkey since the 1980s. It is widely acknowledged that FDI can have a significant impact on ecological changes. The phenomenon whereby FDI contributes to environmental degradation is commonly referred to as the pollution haven hypothesis, whereas the converse phenomenon, whereby FDI mitigates environmental degradation, is known as the pollution halo hypothesis. On the other hand, institutional quality has a significant impact on the FDI-EFP relationship. In this study, the environmental effects of FDI in Turkey for the period 1984–2018 are examined employing time series with Fourier extension, considering the institutional quality. Fourier function models give more effective results in modeling structural breaks. Initially, the Fourier techniques are used to explore the unit root and cointegration relationship. Then, following cointegration, the DOLS estimator extended with Fourier terms are employed to derive the long-term coefficients. Ultimately, the causal relationship between the variables is examined through with the Fourier causality test. The results highlight that FDI increases environmental degradation (pollution haven hypothesis valid), whereas the interaction between FDI and institutional quality reduces environmental degradation (pollution halo hypothesis is valid). Based on these empirical results, this research suggests that enhancing the institutional quality in Turkey is likely to amplify the environmental advantages of FDI besides its economic benefits.
Evaluation the quality of Bag-Mask Ventilation by E/C, T/E and Hook technique (a new proposed technique)
Authors: Balafar Moloud , Pouraghaei Mahboub , Paknezhad Seyed Pouya , AhmadAbad Saba Nemati , Soleimanpour Hassan
Published: May 2023

Background: Bag-Mask Ventilation (BMV) is a life-saving component in managing emergency airway requirements and induction of general anesthesia. It’s one of the essential skills that every physician should know how to do it properly. There are several techniques for doing BMV. In this study we aimed to compare the quality of ventilation by the E/C and thenar eminence (T/E) techniques and hook technique to suggest the best possible way for doing BMV by single person.
Method: first, a pilot study was done on manikins by 63 medical staff using hook method ventilation to evaluate its efficacy. Then, after the approval of the university ethics committee and obtaining the consent of the patient's guardians, the study was performed on 492 patients who admitted emergency department and were randomly divided into three groups and each group was ventilated by one technique. Patients in need of a reliable airway with an indication for rapid sequence intubation were included in the study. Patients were ventilated by a bag-mask attached to a capnograph by an operator, and ET Co2 was recorded. All demographic data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software version 22. The success rate was reported as frequency (percentage) as well as mean ± standard deviation.
Result: In comparison with PCO2 results obtained from capnography between T/E, E/C and hook techniques, the successful ventilation rate was 87.2% in the T/E method, 89.6% in E/C technique and 93.3% in the hook method. The success rate of ventilation with the hook method was considerably higher than two other methods. There was a significant difference in ventilation rate between three methods (Pv= 0.038). In the comparison between groups, the trend of PCO2 changes in different measurements was statistically significant (pv=0.006). Also, the within-group comparison of PCO2 changes in different measurements was statistically significant (P<0/001).
Conclusion: our study concluded that the success rate of ventilation with the hook method was considerably higher than the T/E and E/C methods. The results expressed that due to the chin lift maneuver while the mask is fixed on the face, for resuscitators with small hands and for long-term use without fatigue and finger pain, this method can be suggested as a new Bag-Mask Ventilation method. This study leads to the development of a new method for bad-mask ventilation called the hook method.
Trial registration:
IRCT registration number: IRCT20121010011067N5
URL of trial registry record: https://www.irct.ir/trial/57420
Date of trial registration: 2021-07-17.
Full date of the first registration: 2021-08-11.
Age-related Macular Degeneration – 8-year incidence and progression in a population living north of the Arctic Circle
Authors: Bertelsen Geir , Hareide Live , Hanno Therese , Sneve Monica , Moe Morten , Peto Tunde , Erke Maja , Strøm Marianne
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Estimate the 8-year incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration in an elderly Caucasian population living north of the Arctic Circle.
Methods: This population-based cohort study included 2806 participants from the Tromsø Eye Study. Participants ≥ 55 years at baseline examination in 2007-08, who were re-examined in 2015-16, and had gradable digital colour fundus photographs (CFP) from at least one eye at both time points were included. CFP was graded for the most severe phenotype based on drusen size, geographic atrophy (GA), and neovascular AMD (nvAMD). Participants were asked if they had received treatment for AMD. Positive answers were validated by medical records. We calculated incidence based on the grading of CFP alone and combined with information about treatment for nvAMD.
Results: The overall incidence of late AMD (GA and nvAMD) was 2.0 per 1000 person-years, with an 8-year cumulative incidence of 1.6 %. Information about anti-VEGF therapy did not change this estimate. The incidence increased with age, reaching maximum of 8.1 per 1000 person-years for participants aged 75-79 years. Incident late AMD was strongly associated with drusen size at baseline; 32.2% of the participants aged 75-79 years with large drusen at baseline developed late AMD. The 8-year cumulative incidence for progression to a more severe AMD grade was 30.9 %.
Conclusions: The incidence of late AMD in a population living north of the Arctic Circle is comparable to other populations with European ancestry. Older age and large drusen are associated with an increased risk of developing late AMD.
Differential responses to habitat structure and degradation by two Grassbirds (Fam. Locustellidae) syntopic in floodplain grassland
Authors: Jahan Israt , Round Philip D. , Thompson Paul M. , Savini Tommaso , Gale George A.
Published: May 2023

Wetland grassland birds world-wide face mounting threats due to habitat destruction especially in the Indo-Gangetic floodplains, where in addition to intense human use, primarily for agriculture, there is a paucity of baseline information to inform conservation and management. We examined the response of two co-occurring floodplain grassland specialists, the globally threatened Bristled GrassbirdSchoenicola striatusand widespread but little-studied Striated GrassbirdMegalurus palustris, to habitat structure and human use in floodplain grassland at two sites, one on the lower Ganges River and one on the Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh through point counts combined with vegetation surveys. Responses from the breeding seasons of 2018 and 2019 were assessed by linear models and bird densities estimated using distance sampling. Results indicate that the occurrence of Bristled Grassbird increased with homogeneous tallSaccharumgrass cover but decreased with increased crop cover, which may be the main driver of its decline. Striated Grassbird showed a more generalized pattern of positive association with tall grassland vegetation including taller crops and exotic plants, but was also positively associated with grass harvesting indicating a lack of dependence on homogeneous grassland. Although the density of Striated Grassbirds at the Brahmaputra site was 3–4 times greater than that of Bristled Grassbird, it was absent from the other (Ganges) site, revealing previously unappreciated micro-habitat preferences. Comparison with a more common species provided a clearer understanding of habitat and human influences on the more threatened grassbird. Conservation of Bristled Grassbird requires careful management of grass harvesting and cattle grazing.
The effect of growth regulators on the formation of Solanum tuberosum L. micro-plants in vitro
Authors: Asakaviciute Rita
Published: May 2023

Micro-plants of different varieties of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) of different ripening times: very early ‘VB Venta’, early ‘Goda’, medium ‘VB Meda’ and very late ‘VB Aista’, as well as growth regulators IAR (indole-3-acetic acid) and kinetin (6-furfuryl aminopurine). The length (cm) and weight (g) of the potato micro-plants were evaluated during testing. Microplant explants were grown in modified MS nutrient medium with different amounts of growth regulators. The results of auxin (IAR) studies showed that the highest number of micro-plants grew from the ‘VB Meda’ variety (10.03 ± 0.96 cm), and the lowest number of micro-plants grew from ‘VB Venta’ (6.2 ± 0.75 cm); the explosives of the ‘VB Meda’ variety (0.218 ± 0.09 g) formed the largest mass of micro-plants. At a concentration of 1.75 ml l− 1 auxin, a sudden increase in the length and weight of the micro-plants was observed. The results of experiments using kinetin showed that the length of potato micro-plants of different genotypes is not the same. The longest micro-plants were formed by the ‘VB Meda’ variety (9.03 ± 0.18 cm) and the smallest by ‘VB Venta’ (5.20 ± 0.15 cm) explants. Increases in the length and weight of micro-plants were observed using kinetin at a concentration of 0.8 ml l− 1.
Two error controllable computing algorithms for the CDF of doubly non-central beta distribution
Authors: Ma Fangfang , Jiao Xiang , Li Han , Tian Yinhua
Published: May 2023

Since the cumulative distribution function(CDF) of the doubly non-central beta distribution can be represented by the infinite double series, therefore, truncating the summation of the series can obtain the approximate value of CDF. The existing numerical computation methods must specify the truncating range and cannot estimate the calculation error. In this paper, two new numerical computation methods based on the division on the infinite double series, named DIV1 and DIV2, are proposed. Both methods can perform automated calculations after configuring the error control lines, the truncating range does not need to be determined, and their computation times are comparable. After detailed derivation, the upper error bounds of both methods are obtained, which means that the accuracy of the two methods can be determined precisely. Therefore, this paper recommends two methods to calculate the CDF of the doubly non-central beta distribution.
Lycium Barbarum Glycopeptide alleviates neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury via modulating docosahexaenoic acid to inhibiting MAPKs/NF-kB and pyroptosis pathways.
Authors: Jiang Zhanfeng , Zeng Zhong , He He , Li Mei , Lan Yuanxiang , Hui Jianwen , Bie Pengfei , Chen Yanjun , Han Qian , Fan Heng , Xia Hechun
Published: May 2023

Background
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) is an activity ingredient extracted from Lycium barbarum, which has the effect of inhibiting neuroinflammation. Lycium Barbarum Glycopeptide (LbGp) is a glycoprotein with immunological activity that is further purified and isolated from LBP. Previous studies have shown that LbGp can regulate the immune microenvironment, but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.
Aims
In this study, we aim to explore the mechanism of action of LbGp in the treatment of spinal cord injury through metabolomics and molecular experiments. Methods SD male rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups, and after establishing the spinal cord hemisection model, LbGp was administered orally, and the spinal cord tissue was sampled on the seventh day after surgery for molecular and metabolomic experiments. In vitro, LbGp was administered to mimic the inflammatory microenvironment by activating microglia, and its mechanism of action in suppressing neuroinflammation was further elaborated by metabolomics and molecular biology techniques such as western blot, q-PCR.
Results
Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was found that LbGp can improve the inflammatory microenvironment by inhibiting the NF-kB and pyroptosis pathways. Furthermore, it was found that LbGp can induce the secretion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by microglia, and DHA can inhibit neuroinflammation through the MAPKs/NF-kB and pyroptosis pathways.
Conclusions
In summary, we believe that LbGp improves the inflammatory microenvironment by regulating the secretion of DHA in microglia, thereby inhibiting the MAPKs/NF-kB and pyroptosis pathways, promoting nerve repair and motor function recovery. This study provides a new direction for the treatment of spinal cord injury and elucidates the potential mechanism of action of LbGp.
Evaluation of diversity in selected populations of Iranian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) using ISSR markers
Authors: Jorjandi Fatemeh Khorshidi , Khoshroo Sayed Mohammad Reza , Toolir Javad Farrokhi , Damankeshan Bahareh
Published: May 2023

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is cultivated mainly in arid and semiarid regions of the south and southwest of Iran. Sixty-nine Iranian genotypes were selected from 13 populations. One Moroccan genotype was also included in the experiment. The genotypes were sampled in Azizabad agro-research station in Kerman province, Iran. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 10, totaling 65. Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 6 to 30%, averaging at 19.4%. The highest and lowest values of effective alleles were found in Kerman (Ne = 1.49) and Bushehr (Ne = 1.15), respectively. The highest value of the Shannon index (I = 40%) and polymorphic loci percentage (PL = 67.69%) were detected in the ‘Kerman’ population. A high degree of genetic diversity was found in the ‘Hormozgan’ population (He = 0.26). The highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.983) was observed between Kerman and Hormozgan. Based on Nei’s genetic identity, the first two principal coordinates (PCoA) showed that the populations of Fars, Morocco, and Bushehr were classified as three separate groups, unlike the Kerman, Hormozgan, Khuzestan, and Persian Gulf Basin (PGB) populations. In addition, bilateral charts and genetic relatedness among the genotypes were illustrated by STRUCTURE software, which divided the 70 date palm genotypes into seven groups. The grouping of genotypes did not correlate with their geographical distribution. Thus, the Q-values of the genotypes grouped most of them as mixed. It seems that a lack of clear separation among the genotypes was because of their shared genetic background. To assist in future crossing programs, our findings showed that ISSR markers prioritized several male stocks of date palm.