bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 2018 Australian High Court Constitutional Term: Placing the Court in Its Inter-Institutional Context
Authors: Appleby Gabrielle
Published: August 2021

Drawing on the scholarly commentariat tradition now practised across the world, this article provides an overview and analysis of the 2018 Australian High Court’s constitutional term. However, this article approaches this task through a slightly different lens: I consider the 2018 developments by reference to their inter-institutional context. That is, how the High Court’s jurisdictional and doctrinal developments do and should impact the jurisdiction and behaviour of the other branches of government, and in the context of constitutional judicial review, particularly the Australian parliaments. In the article, I consider the High Court’s 2018 constitutional jurisprudence in three areas of law, and how its decisions have and should impact the constitutional responsibilities and practice of parliaments. Placing the High Court’s term in this inter-institutional context will give a better sense of the reach of the impact of the Court’s jurisprudential developments, as well as serve as a reminder that constitutional responsibility will not always lie with the courts for the articulation and prioritisation of constitutional principle.
Online Payday Lenders: Trusted Friends or Debt Traps?
Authors: Chen Vivien
Published: August 2021

The recent Senate inquiry into credit and hardship underscored the prevalence of predatory conduct in the payday lending industry. The rise of digitalisation has increased consumer access to high-cost payday loans and the ensuing risk of debt spirals. The article examines the marketing strategies of online payday lenders, revealing that the effect of mandatory warnings on the risk of harm are often diminished through website layouts. At the same time, lenders commonly offer fast, convenient cash in tandem with blogs that provide advice on managing finances and living well on a budget, obfuscating the distinction between advertising and altruistism. The findings highlight the need for regulatory enforcement of laws aimed at safeguarding vulnerable financial consumers. Emerging challenges from the increasing digitalisation of payday lending and social media marketing raise the need for reforms to address gaps in the regulatory framework.
The Courts, the Remote Hearing and the Pandemic: From Action to Reflection
Authors: Legg Michael , Song Anthony
Published: August 2021

With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, courts around the world rapidly shifted to remote hearings. Balancing public health directives with the need to continue upholding the rule of law, what followed was the largest, unforeseen mass-pilot of remote hearings across the world. For courts this was necessarily a time of action, not reflection. However, after having maintained court operations, it is now necessary to reflect on the experience of remote courts and their users during an otherwise unprecedented situation. Unlike previous iterations of remote hearings, the COVID-19 experience was fully remote – whereby all participants took part in the hearing remotely. The difficulty is until now, almost no prior empirical data has existed on this type of fully remote hearing with the majority of previous research focused on the use of audiovisual links (‘AVLs’) to facilitate partially remote appearances within courtrooms. To bridge the research and data gap on fully remote hearings, this article draws on the previous body of literature to both examine the COVID-19 experience, and to assist in guiding future research and use of remote hearings.
Exploration on the Professional Development Path of Teachers Based on Students' key Competences
Authors: Zheng Qian , Han Zhenlai , Sun Shurong
Published: August 2021

The cultivation of students' core literacy is a hot topic in the education sector at this stage. Teachers play an important role in the formation of students' core literacy. Under the core literacy concept, the society puts higher demands on teachers. Teachers also need to face the transformation of the knowledge base to the competency standard, the transition from “teacher center” to “student center”, “de-situation teaching” to “situation teaching”. A series of challenges. In order to truly develop the core literacy of students, it is necessary to establish a national core literacy standard for teachers, increase teacher training based on core literacy, and continuously learn and develop the teachers themselves to lead the professional development of teachers and develop core literacy for students. The relevant content is integrated into it.
A Cross-Linguistic Study of Super and Intensifiers in the Real World
Authors: Ching-yu Depner Shelley
Published: August 2021

This study examined super in German (super) and in Mandarin Chinese (chao-ji 超級 ‘super’ and chao 超 ‘super’), with data taken from corpora. We aim to test whether intensifiers function as semantically vacuous fillers, as Huddleston and Pullum (2002) proposed, and show the sociolinguistic features of intensifiers while moving toward grammaticalization. The results indicate that German super is flexible morphologically and syntactically, while super in Mandarin Chinese has several constraints. Semantically, Mandarin Chinese chao enhances the gradable property of states and chao-ji often emphasizes modern technology and events. In comparison, German super has advanced itself in terms of linguistic performance and gradually lost its role as an intensifier. The study of super and the use of intensifiers display interesting linguistic diversity and also reveal how men and women, teenagers and children play different participant roles in the process of moving intensifiers toward grammaticalization.
The Rise of China: Dream of Xi Jinping
Authors: Rahman Md Ziaur , Kumar Nitin , Anusara Jhensanam , Chanthamith Bouasone , Khatoon Humaira
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of this article is to explore the mystery of china being a leader in business, and economic aspects and the dream of Xi Jinping. A historical, analytical, case study method has been used to conduct this research. The study reveals that China has been successful in attaining a stable domestic and international status and achieving a top position in the world. It is proclaimed that “The Dream of Xi Jinping” is for making the nation an ideal one based on the characteristics and ideologies of China. This paper focuses on all the aspects of China as a global leader; it discusses China’s economical-political history, struggles for success and policies for becoming a superpower. In addition, Chinese foreign policies and its relationship with the other countries, especially with Bangladesh have been enlightened here. The findings of the study will be helpful for trader, policy makers and enthusiastic to understand, policy making and future trade with China.
Economic Planning and Human Capital Development in Nigeria
Authors: Brown Ewubare, Dennis
Published: August 2021

This study provides econometrics evidence linking economic planning process to human capital development in Nigeria. The specific objectives focused on the effects of planned investments on education, healthcare delivery and community and social services on human capital development in Nigeria over the period 1990-2016. Data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin were analyzed using Fully Modified Least Squares and Granger Causality test in addition to augmented Dickey Fuller unit root and Johansen-Juselius test. The results of the unit root tests show that only life expectancy is stationary at levels while the other variables in the model become stationary at first difference. The cointegration tests results revealed that the variables in each of the models have long run relationship. The regression result in shows that planned expenditure on education has weak significant positive impact on life expectancy. This finding aligns with the theoretical expectation as economic planning that increases budgetary allocation to the education sector is expected to increase the level human capital of the population and in turn increase their opportunities of living a long and healthy life. The results further show that public investment in the education sector generates positive outcomes on gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary and secondary education in Nigeria. The Granger causality test shows that unidirectional causality runs from public expenditure on social and community services to life expectancy and from public expenditure on education to gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary and secondary education. Therefore, it is recommended that policy makers should ensure that economic planning in Nigeria continues to prioritize medium and long term investments on education in addition to community and social services in order to enhance pace of human development.
Organizational Learning: A Panacea for Workers’ Productivity in the Nigeria Transportation Sector
Authors: Buradum Tende, Friday , Worlu Maru, Godwin
Published: August 2021

The transportation sector is one of the major sectors that drive any economy as it conveys man, materials, as well as goods and services from one point to another. This study was conducted to ascertain the influence of organizational learning on workers’ productivity of transport companies in Nigeria. 89 copies of the research instrument were administered, while only 86 were retrieved and analyzed, being 97% response rate. This exercise was carried out with the aid of SPSS using Spearman Rank Order Correlation. And a conclusion was drawn.
Assessing the Impact of Government Regulations on Microfinance Banks (MFBs) Performance
Authors: J.A. Obadeyi, , M.O. Oladejo, , K.S. Oladejo,
Published: August 2021

After several reforms in Nigerian banking sub-sector, the regulatory and supervisory framework policy of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has not adequately improved performance of Microfinance banks (MFBs). In view of this, this paper assessed the impact of government regulations on MFBs performance between 2007- 2016. The paper used secondary source of data by assessing the financial statements of MFBs. A pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique was used for the analysis of data. The result showed that coefficient values of capitalization (4.64) and reserve (7.21) were positive and consistently associated with higher MFBs performance, while investment in Treasury bill (-4.30) was negative but statistically significant in driving MFBs performance at (P<0.01). The study concluded that regulatory frameworks via strong capitalization and reserves influenced and improved MFBs financial performance.
Analisis Sektor Unggulan dan Hubungannya dengan Ketenagakerjaan dan Kemiskinan di Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Irmanelly Irmanelly , Soleh Ahmad
Published: August 2021

Kemiskinan merupakan permasalahan terbesar dalam pembangunan ekonomi, rendahnya kemiskinan merupakan cerminan keberhasilan dalam pembangunan yang ada. Penelitian ini berjudul analisis sektor unggulan dan hubungannya dengan ketenagakerjaan dan kemiskinan  di Provinsi Jambi, ini bertujuan. untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis sektor unggulan di Provinsi Jambi. Selanjutnya penelitian ini juga dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sektor unggulan dengan ketenagakerjaan dan kemiskinan.
Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Location Quotient (SLQ & DLQ); Shift Share (Esteban-Marquillas) dan Indeks Spesialisasi. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui hubungan sektor unggulan dengan ketenagakerjaan dan kemiskinan digunakan alat uji Korelasi Pearson. Data yang dipakai dalam penelitian adalah data sekunder dalam rentang tahun 2002 s.d 2010 dari berbagai sumber.
Hasil dari penelitian ini berdasarkan analisis SLQ, DLQ dan Shif Share adalah Sector yang yang merupakan sektor unggulan di Provinsi Jambi adalah sektor pertanian dan sektor pertambangan & penggalian. Kedua sektor tersebut selalu konsisten memenuhi kriteria di setiap alat analisis yang digunakan.
Selanjutnya hubungan antara sektor unggulan dengan ketenagakerjaan memiliki korelasi signifikan dan searah, sedangkan hubungan antara sektor unggulan dengan kemiskinan memiliki korelasi signifikan dan berlawanan arah. Dengan demikian diharapkan pengembangan sektor unggulan di Provinsi Jambi mempunyai hubungan positif dengan ketenagakerjaan yaitu meningkatkan jumlah tenaga kerja dan mempunyai hubungan negatif dengan kemiskinan yaitu mengurangi persentase penduduk miskin.
Analisis Sektor Unggulan dan Kinerja Ekonomi Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Yuvanda Sesraria , Devita Andri
Published: August 2021

Terdapat tiga sektor yang menjadi sektor basis yang merupakan sektor unggulan di Provinsi Jambi yaitu; sektor industri pengolahan, sektor listrik, gas dan air bersih, sektor perdagangan, hotel dan restoran. Tahun 2008-2012 menunjukkan bahwa sektor basis yang memiliki pengganda terbesar adalah sektor listrik, gas dan air bersih dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 45,81, sektor perdagangan, hotel dan restoran dengar nilai rata-rata sebesar 5,34 dan diikuti oleh sektor industri pengolahan dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 2,396. Beragamnya koefisien pengganda menggambarkan kemampuan yang berbeda dari setiap sektor ekonomi dalam meningkatkan PDRB. Kinerja ekonomi Provinsi Jambi mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2008-2012 yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan pertumbuhannya yaitu sebesar 20,86 persen, dimana hampir semua sektor di Provinsi Jambi pertumbuhannya bernilai positif kecuali pada sektor pertambangan dan penggalian, tetapi ha1 tersebut tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kinerja ekonomi Provinsi Jambi
Analisis Diterminan Ketimpangan Wilayah di Provinsi Jambi Pada Periode Tahun 2008 - 2013
Authors: Putra Adi
Published: August 2021

Penelitian ini berupaya untuk dapat memetakan willyah Kabupaten Kota yang ada di Provinsi Jambi serta untuk melihat apakah factor Biaya Modal/Pengeluaran Pemerintah, Investasi dan Tenaga Kerja merupakan factor yang dominan yang dapat menyebakan terjadinya ketimpangan pembangunan di wilayah-wilayah tersebut. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptip dan juga menggunakan Tipologi Klasen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa memang factor seperti Biaya Modal/Pengeluaran Pemerintah, Investasi dan Tenaga Kerja merupakan faktor yang Signifrkan mempengaruhi Terjadinya Ketimpangan Pembangunan Wilayah Kabupaten Kota di Provinsi Jambi.
Analisis Peranan Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN) Dan Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kesempatan Kerja Dalam Perekonomian Di Propinsi Jambi Periode 1990-2008
Authors: Afrizal Ardi
Published: August 2021

Rekomendasi yang dapat diberikun adalah sebagai berukut: 1). Diharapkan PMDN dan PMA dapat menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang positif karena pertumbuhan tersebut berindikasi kondisi perekonomian mengalami peningkatan yang debih baik sehingga dapat wempengaruhi peningkatan tingkat pendapatan masyarakat. 2). Diharapkan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi PMDN dan PMA dengan menggunakan empat variabel seperti kurs, suku bunga pinjaman, tingkat upah dan kebyakan pemerintah mampu berpengaruh positif dan signifikan sehingga PMDN dan PMA tersebut memiliki kontribusi yang besar terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Jambi. 3). Pengaruh PMDN dan PMA terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kesempatan kerja di Provinsi Jambi diharapkan positif dan signifikan sehingga memiliki efek terhadap peningkatan tingkat pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang berkualitas dan pada akhirnya dapat mengurangi tingkat pengangguran.
Pengaruh Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Petani Karet Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Karet Di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi
Authors: Neldawaty Rika
Published: August 2021

Di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi luas perkebunan komoditas karet sampai tahun 2009 mencapai 58.034 Ha atau sebesar 21,90 persen dari luas areal perkebunan karet di Provinsi Jambi, Hal ini menunjukkan besarnya potensi komoditas lurret untuk dikembangkan guna menopang perekonomian rakyat di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Dari sisi penyerapan tenaga kerja, maka usaha tani perkebunan karet ini mampu menyerap 14.911 rumah tangga petani karet. Namun kondisi sosial ekonominya masih sangat memprihatinkan. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang sehat, sarana dan prasarana sosial yang kurang memadai dan masih tertinggal. Dari sisi ekonomi pendapatan petani merupakan variabel yang berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Variabel ini ditunjang oleh kondisi sosial masyarakat guna meningkatkan produktivitas petani yang ada di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi.
Amplification and Cloning of Entire Structural Genome (Core- E2) of Hepatitis C virus
Authors: Javed Farakh , Manzoor Sobia , Tariq Huma , Parvaiz Fahed , Bilal Muhammad , Kanwal Naghmana
Published: August 2021

HCV is the leading cause of liver related morbidity and mortality around the world. Chronic infection usually leads to serious outcomes like cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic abnormalities.  Inability of HCV to replicate in cell culture and absence of efficient and cost effective animal models are the major hurdles in developing therpeutic strategies against this virus. Cloning and expression of HCV entire structural genome in eukaryotic expression system was observed in the current study. Structural genes of HCV are important in mediating viral entry in the host cell and pathogenesis, most notably hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV 3a is the most prevalent genotype in Pakistan. RNA was extracted from HCV positive serum infected with 3a genotype, and entire structural genome (C-E2) was reverse transcribed. HCV (C-E2) region was amplified using PCR with gene specific primers having restriction sites. Digested product of this amplicon was cloned in mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1+. Positive clones were confirmed after double restriction digetsion and sequencing PCR. This successful clone of (C-E2) would be a useful tool for transfection to particular cell lines and further investigation on stable cell lines using this clone may help in designing new therapies and studying interaction of viral proteins with host cells.
An update on the pathophysiology and pharmacology of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ahmed Touqeer
Published: August 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Plaques and tangles are described as the characteristic features of AD, which are neurotoxic entites, deposited in the diseased patients. There are very few drugs available for the treatment of AD. Those available options are primarily the approaches to overcome cholinergic hypofunction, through the inhibition of acetylcholinestrase enzyme. Other disease modifiying candidates are strongly needed to overcome the progressive dementia in AD. These new drugs will serve as a great hope for the AD patients and families of the AD patients.
THE ENGLISH VOYAGE OF MICHAŁ JERZY
WANDALIN MNISZECH AND PLAN TO FOUND
THE POLISH MUSEUM
Authors: Mencfel Michał
Published: August 2021

It is the plan to found the Polish Museum
declared in 1775 by Michał Jerzy Wandalin Mniszech
(1748–1806) that is tackled in the paper. Argumentation is
presented that the major impulse for the idea to establish
a museum in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was felt
by Mniszech following his visit to the British Museum in
1766. It is from the inspiration by that Museum that the
overall structural scheme of the Polish Museum, adjusted
to the Polish potential and conditions was conceived. Just
like the latter, the Polish Museum was to be funded with
public financing and opened to the general public, while its
main raison d’être, similarly as that of the London museum,
was benefit understood as supporting and popularizing
knowledge, since Mniszech’s museum first of all was to be an
educational institution targeted mainly at young people and
calculated to yield future advantages. Next to the reformed
general public system and the academy of sciences, it was
to become an essential element of the coherent system
of science and education which M.J. Mniszech considered
a condition and basis of the wealth and success of the state
and nation. The ambitious and unaccomplished plan to
found the Polish Museum formed part of the committed
programme of the revival and civilizational promotion of
the state suffering at the time the process of degradation.
A Study on Characteristics and Comparison of Evaporation Estimation Methods in Bandung
Authors: Suwarman Rusmawan , Novitasari Novitasari , Junnaedhi I Dewa Gede Agung
Published: August 2021

This study aims to understand the characteristic of evaporation and to evaluate the evaporation estimation methods to be employed in Bandung by using observation data at three different land cover characteristics sites, namely, densely vegetated area (Baleendah), densely built-up area (Ujung Berung), and mix of buildings and vegetation area (ITB). Observation data used are hourly evaporation, vapour pressure deficit, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and radiation. The analysis was done mostly by using statistical methods such as regression analysis and error comparison. The result shows the dominant weather factor affecting the evaporation in ITB and Ujung Berung is vapour pressure deficit, and in Baleendah is solar radiation. The methods of evaporation estimations used in this study are Trabert, Schendel, Turc, and CIMIS-Penman methods. The result shows that the original constant values of those methods are significantly correlated. However, the Schendel is found the most overestimated, and the second is Turc. The best estimated evaporation in Baleendah, ITB, and Ujung Berung is calculated using CIMIS-Penman with one hour lag of radiation, Trabert, and Calibrated Schendel, respectively. The improvement of constant value was applied to Schendel and the result is better than the original constants.
Legitimerad flerspråkighet i utspädd dos - flerspråkiga grundskollärares perspektiv
Authors: Snoder Sara , Hedman Christina , Dewilde Joke
Published: August 2021

Utifrån en kritisk diskursanalytisk lins undersöker föreliggande studie hur fem fler­språkiga lärare i grundskolans tidiga år diskursivt positionerar sin egen flerspråkighet och i förhållande till undervisning, elever, kollegor och vårdnadshavare. Syftet är att bidra med ny kunskap om vilken betydelse lärares flerspråkighet kan ha i under­visningssammanhang i skolans tidiga år. Med en etnografisk ansats genomfördes del­tagande observationer i två grundskolor med hög andel flerspråkiga elever (ålder 7–12 år) och lärare. Data består av transkriberade intervjusamtal med de fem flerspråkiga lärarna och fältanteckningar från deras undervisning. Resultaten visar hur lärarnas diskursiva positionering av sin flerspråkighet och av flerspråkig användning tog sig olika uttryck, som rättighet och resurs såväl som problem (Ruíz, 1984). Lärarnas flerspråkiga policy uppfattades ha särskilt stor betydelse i förhållande till vårdnads­havare även om det också fanns uttryck för ambivalens, t.ex. i positionering av språklig behärskning av svenska och andra språk. Negativa upplevelser fanns av att bli positionerad som icke-legitim talare av svenska, jämte uttryck för en mer dynamisk syn på språk och identitet hos några av lärarna. Trots lärarnas legitimering (Van Leeuwen, 2007) av en flerspråkighetspolicy lokalt (Bonacina-Pugh, 2020) utmanades inte svenska som undervisningsspråk i stort, vilket t.ex. var märkbart i uttryckta gränser för an­vändning av andra språk än svenska. Fler liknande fallstudier i ordinarie undervisning i skolans tidiga år behövs, då elever socialiseras in i skolans språkliga register, för ytterligare kunskap om hur flerspråkiga praktiker kan ta sig uttryck, var gränserna går och deras betydelse i dagens heterogena klassrum.
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How public interactions via WeChat moments predict the emotional well-being of Chinese seniors and emerging seniors: The moderating roles of perceived self-network discrepancy and age
Authors: Rui Jian R. , Cui Xi , Xu Qian , Yu Nan
Published: August 2021

The present study examined how engaging in public interactions via WeChat Moments (i.e., interactions all WeChat contacts can access) was related to the emotional well-being of Chinese seniors and emerging seniors (50 years or older). Results of an online survey (N = 506) demonstrated that perceived educational self-network discrepancy of WeChat network moderated the relationship between public interactions and emotional well-being such that only at a high level of perceived educational self-network discrepancy public interactions exhibited a significant negative relationship with emotional well-being. Additionally, the interaction between public interactions and perceived educational/social class self-network discrepancy on emotional well-being was further moderated by the participants’ age. Specifically, the relationship between public interactions and emotional well-being was only significant and negative at high levels of perceived educational/social class self-network discrepancy among older Chinese seniors and emerging seniors, whereas this relationship was not significant at any level of perceived educational/social class self-network discrepancy among their younger counterparts. This study develops the scholarship on social networking services and well-being by suggesting that the responses one receives from their online network can have a critical impact on their well-being and provides implications about extending socioemotional selectivity theory.
Diversity and species composition of diatom communities of Ardley Island, South Shetland Islands
Authors: Cahová Tereza , Chattová Barbora
Published: August 2021

The Antarctic diatom flora has been at the centre of interest of many studies in past decades. The present paper brings new information on the species richness, biogeography and community composition of diatoms on the Ardley Island, South Shetland Islands. One fresh-water and ten soil samples had been collected from the Antarctic Special protected area (ASPA) in the spring of 2019. The following analysis revealed eighty-six diatom taxa in well-developed communities, dominated by Luticola muticopsis, L. truncata, Pinnularia australoschoenfelderi, P. austroshetlandica and P. borealis. According to the current biogeographical knowledge, the majority of species have restricted distribution among the Antarctic Realm; 46.5% of them are reported from various islands of the Maritime Antarctic Region. Based on the dominance of species as Luticola muticopsis and L. truncata and their ecological preferences, we concluded that the species composition of the diatom communities is driven by high nutrient input from breeding seabirds and the moisture availability during the austral summer.
Communities beyond borders: internal boundaries and circulations in the 18th century
Authors: Rolla Nicoletta
Published: August 2021

To understand the political, social and economic conditions which made possible a certain freedom of movement in early modern Europe, it is necessary to abandon the idea of a state sovereignty which expressed itself through the control of boundaries and its territory, which is a relatively recent notion in Western legal culture. Thus, in early modern Europe external borders were porous, and surveillance systems were organised in a plurality of jurisdictions and responded to multiple logics and interests. This article focuses on Turin, the capital of the States of Savoy, where boundaries were defined by the control of urban institutions responsible for the police of the city, as the Vicariate. To observe the process of defining these frontiers, I have chosen to use an emic perspective, attentive to the point of view of the actors. This contribution is interested in the strategies adopted by a group of people subject to high mobility�construction workers�when faced with internal borders. This approach allows us to consider the �relational� substance of the border, its multiple and changing nature.
Comportamento hidrodinâmico de um reator Upflow Anaerobic Hybrid (UAHB)
Authors: Paula Guilherme de , Cardoso Flávia Aparecida Reitz , Medeiros Flávia Vieira da Silva , Arantes Eudes José
Published: August 2021

Para o estudo computacional do comportamento de um reator Upflow Anaerobic Hybrid (UAHB) foram utilizadas três variações do tempo de detenção hidráulica (TDH), sendo considerados como parâmetros da simulação as velocidades do fluido, a viscosidade do fluido e as densidades do fluido e do lodo. Pelas simulações realizadas foi possível observar que aproximadamente 24% do fluido se encontra com velocidade inferior a 3,48x10-6 m.s-1 com TDH de 4 horas, 1,74x10-6 m.s-1 na simulação com TDH de 8 horas e 1,16x10-6 m.s-1 na simulação com TDH de 12 horas, sendo indicativo de zonas mortas no reator. E com os perfis de velocidade foi verificado que os maiores valores ocorrem na faixa de entrada e saída do reator, fenômenos estes que podem ter sido influenciados devido à presença de lodo nas simulações, uma vez que muitos estudos não o levam em consideração mas que são importantes porque podem alterar os caminhos percorridos pelo fluido dentro do reator.
Obravnava novorojenčkov z anorektalno malformacijo
Authors: Studen Pauletić Polona , Plut Domen , Gvardijančič Diana
Published: August 2021

Pregledni članek predstavi protokol obravnave novorojenčkov z anorektalno malformacijo od kliničnega pregleda, diagnostičnih metod do kirurškega zdravljenja, ki novorojenčku omogoča odvajanje blata. Zgodnja prepoznava in ustrezno zdravljenje omogočata optimalne možnosti za dober funkcionalni izid. Pregledali smo sodobno literaturo o obravnavi anorektalnih malformacij in zbrali okviren pregled naših izkušenj v Univerzitetnem kliničnem centru Ljubljana. Naši rezultati so posledica uspešnega sodelovanja multidisciplinarnega tima in spoštovanja protokola obravnave.
Methodology for Assessment of Economic and Environmental Losses in High Threat Objects
Authors:   , Urbans Mihails
Published: August 2021

The Doctoral Thesis is dedicated to the development of methodology for assessing economic and environmental losses in high-risk objects. Effective assessment methods increase the safety levels and help prepare for potential accidents involving uncontrolled release of a large energy stock and predict the extent of potential loss in the event of an emergency. As part of this paper, modelling of the hazards causing accidents and compiling global emergency statistics has been carried out. The author has developed a useful, innovative methodology for the calculation of environmental and economic losses, so that all stakeholders, without investing large time resources, can obtain reliable and reasonable results. The current risk assessment methods have been summarised in the paper, and their shortcomings and benefits have been evaluated. The correlation between the depreciation of objects and the increase in the frequency of emergency situations have been analysed in the paper, as well as the proposals for reducing risks during the operational life of the site have been developed and the proposed methodology for assessing losses caused by a potential accident has been offered. The hazard assessment methodology proposed by the author is based on a probit function model that so far has been used very rarely in Latvia. As part of the Doctoral Thesis, the probit model constants have been tested using different scenarios for possible accidents in the calculation. The methodology algorithm developed by the author is innovative and consists of 6 core blocks: identification of the risk scenario; parameters depending on the surroundings and external meteorological conditions of the high-risk object (HRO); possible risk scenarios and modelling of their probability; identification of negative environmental effects; calculation of probability using the probit model and the assessment of economic and environmental losses. The executing algorithm of the proposed core blocks is closely linked to the efficiency theory as a sequence of operations and the adoption of effective management decisions, based on the procedure carried out, where different types of data are collected. Using the proposed methodology developed by the author, it is possible to establish the level of risk at the objects concerned and to foresee potential economic and environmental losses in the event of an accident. The proposed methodology can be used both at the design stage of the installation and in the existing high-risk objects. This paper provides a detailed example of the calculation that can be used as a sample.
UV Activated Copolymerization Coatings of Urethane Acrylates for Use in the Cosmetic Industry
Authors:   , Grigale-Soročina Zane
Published: August 2021

In the dissertation compositions of urethane diacrylates and monoacrylates have been studied, which when curing under the conditions of UV-activated copolymerization process meeting the requirements of cosmetic varnishes, form cross-linked structure coatings with high strength-deformation, surface hardness, surface light reflectance, adhesion and other parameters. The review of the literature summarizes information on the types of natural nail coatings and the basic components entering them. Restrictions on the choice of basic components entering the system are described. The effect of conditions and components on the natural nail is described. The materials used in the research are described in the methodological part of the work. The process of obtaining compositions is described. The research methods used are described: characterization of rheological properties of non-polymerized compositions, differential thermal analysis of polymerization process, determination of polymerization depth, determination of crosslinked part of polymerized systems, determination of yield tensile strength-deformation, coating surface hardness, surface gloss and surface wear, assessment of adhesion and its durability, in-vitro and in-vivo coating adhesion studies on natural nails, spectroscopic analysis of pigmented coatings and assessment of color constancy, comparison of coating compositions in terms of their functionality and effects on human health. In the experimental part of the work, methodologies for component selection, composite system formation and obtaining appropriate coatings have been developed. A methodology has been developed for the evaluation of the set of structures and properties of the obtained coatings. The influence of the chemical nature and content ratios of urethane diacrylates and monoacrylates suitable for the formation of separate cosmetic coatings on the indicators of cross-linked structures formed in the process of UV-activated copolymerization and the corresponding indicators of coating properties has been studied. The influence of individual additives on the properties of cross-linked coatings, their adhesion to the surface and the durability of the coating at removal process has been evaluated.
Things We Could Design
Authors: Wakkary Ron
Published: August 2021

How posthumanist design enables a world in which humans share center stage with nonhumans, with whom we are entangled.

Over the past forty years, designers have privileged human values such that human-centered design is seen as progressive. Yet because all that is not human has been depleted, made extinct, or put to human use, today's design contributes to the existential threat of climate change and the ongoing extinctions of other species. In Things We Could Design, Ron Wakkary argues that human-centered design is not the answer to our problems but is itself part of the problem. Drawing on philosophy, design theory, and numerous design works, he shows the way to a relational and expansive design based on humility and cohabitation.

Wakkary says that design can no longer ignore its exploitation of nonhuman species and the materials we mine for and reduce to human use. Posthumanism, he argues, enables a rethinking of design that displaces the human at the center of thought and action. Weaving together posthumanist philosophies with design, he describes what he calls things—nonhumans made by designers—and calls for a commitment to design with more than human participation. Wakkary also focuses on design as “nomadic practices”—a multiplicity of intentionalities and situated knowledges that shows design to be expansive and pluralistic. He calls his overall approach “designing-with”: the practice of design in a world in which humans share center stage with nonhumans, and in which we are bound together materially, ethically, and existentially.
They Knew
Authors: Speth James Gustave
Published: August 2021

A devastating, compelling account of the federal government's leading role in bringing about today's climate crisis.

In 2015, a group of twenty-one young people sued the federal government in Juliana v. United States for violating their constitutional rights by promoting climate catastrophe and thereby depriving them of life, liberty, and property without due process and equal protection of law. They Knew offers evidence supporting the children's claims, presenting a devastating and compelling account of the federal government's role in bringing about today's climate crisis. James Gustave Speth, tapped by the plaintiffs as one of twenty-one preeminent experts in their climate case, analyzes how administrations from Carter to Trump—despite having information about the impending climate crisis and the connection to fossil fuels—continued aggressive support of a fossil fuel based energy system.

What did the federal government know and when did it know it? Speth asks, echoing another famous cover-up. What did the federal government actively do and what did it fail to do? They Knew (an updated version of the Expert Report Speth prepared for the lawsuit) presents the most definitive indictment yet of the US government's role in the climate crisis.

Since Juliana v. United States was filed, the federal government has repeatedly taken unprecedented steps to delay the case and force it to the appellate courts' shadow dockets. Yet as the case progresses slowly but certainly, it is inspiring a generation of youthful climate activists.

An Our Children's Trust Book
Camostat mesilate inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and improves cell viability by regulating MFGE8 and HMGN1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts
Authors: Yuan Lin , Li Mengjie , Zhang Zhishuai , Li Wanli , Jin Wei , Wang Mingfa
Published: August 2021

Camostat mesilate (CM) possesses potential anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it remains unknown whether CM is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory responses and cell injury. In this project, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, fold change ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 and Q value ≤ 0.05) in response to LPS stimulation alone or in combination with CM were identified through tandem mass tags (TMT)/mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics analysis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. The mRNA expression levels of filtered genes were determined by RT-qPCR assay. The results showed that CM alleviated the detrimental effect of LPS on cell viability and inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 secretions in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. A total of 141 DEPs that might be involved in mediating functions of both LPS and CM were identified by proteomics analysis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. LPS inhibited milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing (MFGE8) expression and induced high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1 (HMGN1) expression, while these effects were abrogated by CM in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts. MFGE8 knockdown facilitated TNF-α and IL-6 secretions , reduced cell viability, stimulated cell apoptosis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts co-treated with LPS and CM. HMGN1 loss did not influence TNF-α and IL-6 secretions, cell viability, and cell apoptosis in DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts co-treated with LPS and CM. In conclusion, CM exerted anti-inflammatory and pro-survival activities by regulating MFGE8 in LPS-stimulated DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblasts, deepening our understanding of the roles and molecular basis of CM in protecting against Gram-negative bacteria.
Factors influencing intention to intervene in elder abuse among nursing students
Authors: Kim Hee-Jeong , Seo Min-Sook , Park Dahye
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the intention to intervene in elder abuse among nursing students.

Methods

A descriptive survey design was used, and questionnaires were completed by 182 nursing students. Statistical analysis was performed on the data collected, using SPSS 25.0, χ2-test, t-test, correlation, and regression analysis to confirm predictors of intention to intervene in elder abuse.

Results

Awareness of abuse, legal and institutional knowledge, and attitude were positively correlated with the intention to intervene in elder abuse. Factors influencing the intention to intervene by nursing students were education courses about elder abuse, awareness of elder abuse, legal and institutional knowledge, and attitude.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that it is necessary to provide educational protocols for nursing students to improve their awareness and knowledge of elder abuse. Based on the findings of this study, there is a need for specific education programs and guidelines to increase the assessment of, and intervention in, elder abuse.
Influence of rigid taping on the acromiohumeral distance in healthy recreational weightlifters
Authors: Martín-San Agustín Rodrigo , Cuerda-Del Pino Alba , Moreno-Segura Noemi , Escriche-Escuder Adrian , Sánchez-Barbadora Mariana
Published: August 2021

Background

Subacromial pain syndrome is one of the most frequent injuries in overhead athletes, and it takes place when the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) is narrowed. Conservative treatment is the first approach to this syndrome, being shoulder taping one of the most used techniques. Although there are quite a few studies that analyse the effect of taping on the AHD, most of them do not include sham tapings. This study aimed to examine if the Relocation of the humeral head (RHH) taping produced an increase in the AHD in healthy recreationally weightlifter males, quantifying the change that may be due to a placebo effect.

Methods

The design of this study was a two-group pretest-posttest, in which eighteen healthy recreationally weightlifter males were measured. in a laboratory of the University of Valencia. RHH using rigid or sham taping was randomly applied to the participants. The AHD was measured and registered before and after the application of the taping for both groups by a blinded examiner using ultrasound.

Results

There were no significant differences between pre and post measures in the sham group (p= 0.51). The experimental group showed a significant AHD increase of 9.2% (10.75 ± 1.89vs11.74 ± 1.82, respectively, withp< 0.001). Significant differences in the effects of each taping on the AHD were found between groups (p< 0.001). The results of this study indicate that the RHH rigid taping increases the AHD in the shoulders of recreationally weightlifters, dismissing the possibility of a placebo effect of the taping.
Givers Feel the Heat, Too: Experience of Burning out under Fire of Psychological Distress among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Oluwole Lateef Olutoyin , Obadeji Adetunji , Dada Mobolaji Usman
Published: August 2021

Background: Burnout is considered a condition of great public concern due to its biopsychosocial consequences which include poor quality of life. Healthcare providers have been described as high-risk population for experiencing burnout. Psychological distress is also considered a strong predictor of experience of burnout among healthcare workers who are burdened with the demand of the healthcare system. This is particularly so with healthcare workers in sub-Saharan Africa. The period of COVID-19 might have impacted on the burden of burnout experienced by healthcare professionals.

Objective: This study was to determine the burden of burnout and its relationship with psychosocial variables among healthcare workers in a tertiary health care facility.

Methods: The sample for this study was from a population of healthcare workers in a tertiary healthcare facility in southwest Nigeria. The questionnaire comprised three sections: information on socio-demographic work-related characteristics of the respondents; Maslach-Burnout-Inventory (MBI), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) used in screening mental distress among the respondents. Student t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the means scores of respondents on both the MBI and K-10 scales.

Results: A total of 214 healthcare workers with mean age of 36.49±9.05 participated in the study. Seventy-six (35.5%) of the respondents had high burnout level on MBI. There was statistically significant difference in the mean score emotional exhaustion subscale of burnout experience for gender The mean score on emotional exhaustion dimension in doctors was significantly higher than the nurses. Emotional exhaustion correlated negatively with respondents’ years of experience at work (r = -0.181, p = 0.008). Thirty-seven (17.3%) of the respondents suffered mild to severe psychological distress as indicated by their scores on the Kessler scale of psychological distress.

Conclusion: The study brought to the fore the relevant correlates of burnout in the high-risk group of essential healthcare providers.
The Impact of Metformin in Pediatric Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus in Addition to Insulin Therapy; Literature Review
Authors: Alzahimah Mohammed Abdullah , Sleem Khalid Mohammed S. Al , Albenawy Hatem Ahmed , Mushham Albara Abdullah Mohammed Al
Published: August 2021

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus leads to significant cardiovascular risk through various mechanisms. Intensified insulin therapy is commonly required to achieve adequate glycemic control and reduce HbA1c. However, when insulin dose increases, it might increase insulin resistance and body weight, which directly affecting the cardiovascular profile.

Objective: We aim in this literature review to address the role of adding metformin to insulin therapy to limit the cardiovascular effect, insulin resistance and improve glycemic control in pediatric age.

Methods: We searched in the PubMed database for relevant articles using the following Mesh words: Metformin - Type 1 diabetes mellitus, pediatrics - Cardiovascular risk.

Conclusion: Metformin was found to has promising cardiovascular protection when adding to insulin therapy. However, the impact of metformin in type 1 diabetes mellitus glycemic control is controversial, and further multi-systemic randomized clinical trials are recommended to address this issue.
Aligned Growth of Semiconductor Nanowires on Scratched Amorphous Substrates
Authors: Alus Lotem , Brontvein Olga , Kossoy Anna , Feldman Yishay , Joselevich Ernesto
Published: August 2021

Aligned growth of planar semiconductor nanowires (NWs) on crystalline substrates has been widely demonstrated during the past two decades and was used for the fabrication of a large variety of devices. However, the dependence on single‐crystal substrates is a major obstacle in the way of implementing NW‐based applications in today's silicon‐ and glass‐based technologies. Here, the guided growth of semiconductor NWs is demonstrated along nanoscale‐depth scratches, created in a nonlithographic process on amorphous oxidized silicon wafers and soda‐lime glass. Scratches are created on the substrates in a few seconds using a robust and scalable mechanical polishing process. Growth of planar NWs of different materials (CdS, CdSe, ZnSe, and ZnO) guided by scratches on Si/SiO2 wafers and glass is demonstrated and studied. Photoluminescence measurements from individual NWs grown along scratches show that the interaction with the substrate preserves the optical properties of the material. Crystallographic analysis indicates that all materials grow as single crystals, and the influence of the scratches on the different materials is discussed in terms of morphology, crystallinity, and crystallographic orientations. This process opens the way to large‐scale integration of NWs into functional devices by guided growth for various applications including displays, polarized light sensors, and smart windows.