bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-truth as Symptom: The Emergence of a Masculine Hysteria
Authors: Myres Jason David
Published: December 2018

This article investigates the formal dimensions of “post-truth” as a discourse. Specifically, I read post-truth as symptom, not as an “era” or “world.” The emergence of this symptom, the post-truth signifier, directs our attention to an anxiety regarding the desire for truth, rather than its presence or absence in public discourse. Based on Jacques Lacan's theory of discourse in Seminar XVII: The Other Side of Psychoanalysis, I argue that the emergence of the term “post-truth” in the popular vernacular epitomizes a masculinized discourse of hysteria. To outline the formal features of post-truth discourse, I draw upon an early use of the term “post-truth” in a 1992 article of the Nation written by screenwriter and playwright Steve Tesich. The article concludes by consulting the critical psychoanalytic writings of Hélène Cixous and Luce Irigaray to better specify the uniquely masculine form of post-truth hysteria and its implications for public discourse.
“Zombies Are Real”: Fantasies, Conspiracies, and the Post-truth Wars
Authors: Watts Eric King
Published: December 2018

This article asserts that post-truth is the name we have assigned to a powerful repetitive mode of discourse that legitimizes conspiracies and anxieties regarding how blackened biothreat bodies will be unleashed upon society. Post-truth signifies a kind of excess and excessiveness wherein grammars of common sense making are overrun. Post-truth indexes a desire for gratuitous violence against norms of civil society—indeed, against civil society itself. Post-truth is not a set of lies. It is a precondition for tribal war. The article sets forth post-truth as a disorienting and frightening “dissemblage” that is driven by fantasies of sovereignty, rituals of militarization, and the colonization of expertise. I outline the formal features of post-truth by examining a docudrama produced by the Discovery Channel called Zombie Preppers. In the end I speculate about how post-truth metastasizes in the social body as “brain damage.”
A Study of the Adequacy of Training in Mechanical Engineering in Relation to Business Profiles
Authors: Ait haddouchane Zineb , Ajana Souad , Zergout Imane , Faraj Kenza , Bakkali Soumia
Published: December 2018

This project is a contribution to the continuous improvement of the education of engineers, which involves all the stakeholders in the field. It presents the primary results of a quantitative study of mechanical engineering training in the Higher National School of Electricity and Mechanics (École Nationale Supérieure d'Électricité et Mécanique - ENSEM), in collaboration with numerous Moroccan industrialists. The first phase of the research consisted in the issue as well as the research methodology adopted. In the second phase, a survey instrument was developed based on the competency framework as a research model, and then the hypotheses to be tested were outlined. Then, a questionnaire was designed and pre-tested for the purposes of this examination, which was subsequently completed   by industry leaders from different sectors. The results obtained show the strengths and weaknesses in ENSEM's training in mechanical engineering and reveal the correlations between the various engineering competencies. The paper finally ends with a listing of recommendations to address the diverse issues identified, in addition to a statement of the further prospects for this research.
E-Commerce Adoption and Growth of SMEs in Uganda
Authors: Ibrahim Wanzu , Turyakira Peter , Katumba Proscovia M.
Published: December 2018

Information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly e-Commerce, are considered very important to the growth and competitiveness of businesses globally. SMEs too need to embrace innovative e-commerce strategies if they are to stay competitive, profitable and successful in local and global markets. Increased use of the Internet offers potential benefits to SMEs, such as cost reduction, improved operational efficiencies, access to new customers and enhanced business growth. However, SMEs, particularly in Uganda, have generally been slow in adopting e-commerce. Empirical research into the challenges SMEs in Uganda face in adopting electronic commerce is also limited. This study sought to explore the factors affecting e-commerce adoption among SMEs; and to establish the influence of e-commerce adoption on SMEs’ growth in Uganda. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 172 owners/managers of SMEs in the Kampala District in Uganda. The empirical results of this study indicate that e-commerce adoption significantly influence the growth of SMEs.
Análise de Rede Social como estratégia para avaliação de programas de saúde para o controle da tuberculose
Authors: Bezerra Gama Nilo Marcela Caroline
Published: December 2018

A tuberculose, embora curável, é a doença infecciosa que mais causa mortes no mundo. A compreensão sobre suas peculiaridades, no contexto social, é fundamental para propor estratégias de intervenção. A partir de um banco de dados privado e de uso restrito de uma Organização Não Governamental brasileira, atuante no controle da tuberculose, discute-se dois elementos de perpetuação desta doença: o espaço de manutenção da doença relacionado as inter-relações (clusters) e a migração de laços fortes entre micro áreas da localidade em questão sugerindo que atuem como pontes de disseminação entre as regiões. A utilização da Análise de Rede Social mostrou-se como ferramenta eficaz não só para a compreensão do cenário, como também, para o direcionamento das estratégias de atuação. Tais possibilidades otimizam tempo, recursos financeiros e humanos além de sugerir entendimento sobre a dinâmica da tuberculose seja qual for o lugar no mundo.
El Trabajo Social ante el reto de la transformación digital
Authors: Alieva Deniza
Published: December 2018

La investigación de Joaquín Castillo de Mesa trata uno de los temas más actuales e importantes en el campo del trabajo social. Además, puede resultar de interés tanto a los debutantes en la materia, como a los expertos. La obra abarca una gama amplia de asuntos, analizándolos desde diferentes perspectivas.
Más allá del dinero: redes familiares, amicales e institucionales y su relación con las trayectorias educativas postsecundarias de jóvenes peruanos
Authors: Santos Anaya Martín
Published: December 2018

La educación superior moldea las probabilidades de movilidad social de los individuos. La literatura pone el énfasis en la influencia de la clase social en las trayectorias educativas post secundarias, pero descuida el estudio de las formas en las cuales las relaciones sociales y su funcionamiento afectan estos itinerarios. En este contexto, este artículo analiza la influencia de las redes familiares, personales e institucionales en las trayectorias educativas post secundarias de jóvenes peruanos de diferentes orígenes sociales. El diseño metodológico consistió en un estudio longitudinal cuantitativo (sociométrico) y cualitativo. Se encontraron cuatro tipos de inserción en la educación superior: transición, inserción con estabilidad, inserción con movimiento continuo e inserción con interrupción temporal. Asimismo, existe una retroalimentación compleja entre las trayectorias e hitos biográficos, los cambios en los espacios en los que se mueve el joven, los cambios en las redes sociales, los cambios en la agencia del actor, la trayectoria socio-económica de la familia y el papel de las instituciones. Con respecto al papel de las redes sociales, estas tienen consecuencias diversas y ambivalentes, positivas y negativas, según las circunstancias, contextos y momentos del ciclo vital de la persona.
De la comunicación virtual a la interacción presencial en la ciudad. La persistente relevancia del espacio geográfico para las relaciones sociales
Authors: García-Macías Alejandro , De León Vázquez Salvador
Published: December 2018

El artículo expone la metodología y resultados de un análisis de casos tipo en geografía de redes personales que examina el incrustamiento espacial y relacional de las interacciones sociales mediante el análisis de las dimensiones de las distancias interpersonales y las configuraciones de las redes sociales en el espacio urbano, en diferentes momentos del tiempo y lugares de interacción. Desde la teoría y método del Análisis de Redes Sociales se describen las redes de una muestra de informantes tipo (N=6) conformadas por contactos personales (n=87) de los informantes que habitan en la misma ciudad y con quienes mantienen contacto regular a través de Whatsapp. Las redes en los espacios de habitación, trabajo o estudio y esparcimiento se presentan en sociogramas sobre mapas georreferenciados, calculando diversos índices de geo-dispersión y sus correlaciones tanto con los atributos de los actores individuales como con los principales indicadores de composición y estructura reticulares. Los resultados apoyan los argumentos en favor del fuerte carácter local de las interacciones sociales, incluso de aquellas tecnológica y virtualmente mediadas, como las dadas a través de WhatsApp.
Image of a family business and entrepreneur from a family business in the light of the Author’s surveys
Authors: Bugiera Mgr Konrad , Gierczak-Grupińska Mgr Katarzyna , Tzoka-Stecka Lek. med. Eleni
Published: December 2018

Despite social changes that started at the time of the system breakthrough in 1989 in Po-land, for a long time, family entrepreneurs have felt concerns related to the social percep-tion of private enterprise. In the light of the studies carried out by the Authors, after 2014, a fundamental change in the perception of entrepreneurship has occurred. In the opinion of the respondents, family businesses are associated with high quality, tradition and relia-bility. In turn, according to 40 percent of the participants of the survey, a family entrepre-neur is an honest person.
16+1 initiative from the point of view of Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Bąk, Dr hab. Monika
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the article is to evaluate the economic relationships between China and the CEE countries in terms of infrastructure development and interconnections. The analysis applies to 16 CEE countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montene-gro, Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slo-venia, and Hungary. The article discusses the aspects of dependence of the 16+1 initiative with the OBOR program, the achievements of the program, the perception of the coopera-tion through direct foreign investments in parti-
cular CEE-16 countries. According to the Author, it is necessary to develop more effective mechanisms of cooperation with the use of established secretariats and other institutions and to expand bilateral cooperation of China with individual countries. It would also be beneficial to conduct joint research.
Business Intelligence in managing modern enterprises
Authors: Soszka Mgr Kamil
Published: December 2018

In the operation of enterprises, information has always played a vital role, as it is the basis on which the decisions are made and the view regarding the upcoming events is shaped. The tool that allows for obtaining comprehensive information on the operation of a com-pany is the Business Intelligence (BI) system. Based on the results of his own qualitative research, the Author discusses the essence of BI in managing modern enterprises. He in-dicates the places where the application of this tool is most useful.
Risk in managing innovation project
Authors: Łopaciński Mgr inż. Tomasz
Published: December 2018

Innovative products and services are essential to ensure a long-term viability of a company. More and more often they are created and implemented through innovative projects. The aim of the article is to show the uniqueness of innovative projects, present the risk that is specific to this kind of projects and indicate the methods with which these projects should be managed. The article analyses the features of innovations, presents the definition of an innovative project and discusses its classification and management principles. Moreover, it presents seven areas of risks specific to an innovative project, developed on the basis of articles published in “Project Management Journal” in the years 2005-2016 and other selected publications.
Safety management in the Common Customs Policy
Authors: Kołodziej Mgr Dariusz
Published: December 2018

Security and safety is gaining importance among the various stakeholders. The status of the “Autho-
rised Economic Operator” AEO is one of the greatest safety initiatives worldwide and at-tracts more and more attention. Cooperation with other relevant bodies and adjusting the programs have been identified and recognised as a key element for further development of a robust AEO program. This is to ensure a global security of the supply chain and to avoid duplication of efforts and costs for authorities and economic entities.
Nuances of localization safety
Authors: Kotlewski Dr Dariusz
Published: December 2018

The article is a review of the book Lokalizacja ekonomicznie bezpieczna – aspekty metodo-logiczne i praktyczne [Economically safe location – methodological and practical aspects], under scientific edition of Prof. Kazimierz Kuciński. The work contains reflections on the essence of economic security from the point of view of several important issues of econ-omy, such as human capital, advanced technologies, power generation, spatial order of rural areas. The main conclusion that can be drawn from reading this book is the fact that the issue of economic security of companies is multi-faceted, especially in Poland.
Marketing Management as a Factor for the Development of the Communes
Authors: Jędrzejewski Krzysztof
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study is to present the conditions of marketing management and its role it plays in local government units. It has been pointed out that marketing in municipal man-agement plays one of the main functions affecting its development. The results of own empirical research on marketing activities and tools used by self-government authorities in the municipalities of the Lodz voivideship were presented. The considerations were based on the subject literature as well as the results of our own empirical research. The surveys were carried out in the middle of 2016, by means of a questionnaire, on a sample of 155 communes of the Lodz region.
Reforma rolna – czy była przełomowa?
Authors: Sobiecki Roman
Published: December 2018

100-lecie odzyskania niepodległości przez Polskę skłania do przypomnienia ważnych, przełomowych wydarzeń społeczno-ekonomicznych i politycznych. Do takich wydarzeń należy zaliczyć dekret PKWN z 6 września 1944 roku o przeprowadzeniu reformy rolnej.
In the labyrinth of interpretations – plastique animée in the context of an open work
Authors: Pasternak Anetta
Published: December 2018

Plastique animée is an artistic superstructure of the Emil Jaques-Dalcroze method and its key issue lies in musical expression of movement. In the process of developing a kinesthetic interpretation of a musical work, it is difficult to find an original manner of reading music, particularly with regard to modern compositions. For they do not carry clear messages, thus giving much room for diverse methods of analyzing the work, depending on imagination, knowledge and sensitivity of an interpreter. The term of an ‘open work’, understood by Umberto Eco as the ambiguity of an artistic message, stems from its indescribability. The final form of this type of a work is given to it by a recipient, who interprets it from one’s own individual perspective. As a result of a high receptiveness level of contemporary music, which does not express emotions in an unambiguous way, the plastique animée artist therefore focuses one’s attention primarily on the abundance of spatial and kinesthetic forms. Lack of specified functional progressions makes it harder to anticipate the course of music and thus eliminates stereotyping on the part of a recipient. Work on the realization of an open work in the context of plastique animée is a kind of creative training which develops an innovative attitude. The author of the article presents problems that arise during realization of plastique animée, related to interpretation of an open work.
Toward maintaining mental hygiene of an artist. Practical tips
Authors: Romanowicz Martyna
Published: December 2018

The article presents knowledge that may help artists understand themselves better and cope with potential obstacles accompanying creative processes. According to Kazimierz Dąbrowski [1964], there are five overexcitabilities that predispose someone for outstanding achievements in artistic and scientific disciplines. I am going to present practical tips on how to manage them skillfully, based on original proposals of Zofia Paśniewska-Kuć [2010], and to discuss obstacles that may appear during a creative process, characterized by Mirosław Dymon [2008]. In order to overcome them, an artist is required to build one’s inner autonomy and to develop the skill of a smart emotion management. The difference between freedom and compulsion when following a passion is highlighted by the authors of the dualist model of passion [Vallerand et al., 2003]. Readers can learn how to follow a harmonious passion and how to avoid the obsessive one, but first and foremost how to create original, interesting works and maintain mental health at the same time. Recommended tips probably are not universal and exhaustive, still they should come useful when recognizing individual problems artists may face.
The evaluation of tributyltin concentrations in the sediments from the Port of Gdynia
Authors: Radke Barbara , Pazikowska-Sapota Grażyna , Galer-Tatarowicz Katarzyna , Dembska Grazyna
Published: December 2018

Tributyltin (TBT) may affect various organisms. TBT has been used in antifouling paints for the protection of ship hulls and hence harbor sediments may contain high concentrations of TBT. This study shows TBT concentrations found in sediments from three basins (No. V, VI, and VIII) of the Port of Gdynia. TBT concentrations ranged from 291 to 1689 ngSn·g-1 d.w. and should be classified as highly contaminated and grossly contaminated [20]. These results indicate that TBT in harbour sediments is an environmental risk that may be emphasized by dredging operations in the region. However, obtained results confirm also the global tendency for depreciating content of TBT in port sediments after the global banning on the use of TBT in 2008.
TALENT MANAGEMENT AS A FACTOR DETERMINING THE PROCESS OF MODELING THE COMPETENCES OF THE CONTEMPORARY ORGANIZATION
Authors: Betkowski Mirosław
Published: December 2018

The evolving labor market determines the level of innovative knowledge necessary for the activities of a modern enterprise. An important factor of market competitiveness is the role of particularly talented individuals operating in specific organizational structures. Optimal targeting of their talents is an important factor in the company’s situation. Competence management thus becomes a key item in the structure and company strategy. This article presents an outline of the issue of the essence of talent management quantifying competence management and may be an introduction to the discussion about modifying the competency management model. It is also an attempt to answer the competitive variability of the market and new requirements of the environment in terms of the potential of talented and effective implementation of employee organization goals.
TRAFFIC SAFETY IN THE CITY OF KALISZ IN THE OPINION OF ITS RESIDENTS IN 2012–2016
Authors: Czerniejewska Patrycja
Published: December 2018

From the beginning of the 90s the number of vehicles traveling on Polish roads has been systematically growing. Statistics clearly indicate this – in 1990, the number of vehicles was over 9 million, while in 2017, it exceeded 29 million registered vehicles. It should also be emphasized that it is important that in the majority, these vehicles are not new – the average age of vehicles according to the Central Register of Vehicles is 13 years. The above phenomenon has a negative impact on road safety. The condition of road safety is also not improved by the condition of road infrastructure, the dynamically increasing traffic load on many road sections and the small capacity reserves caused by the constantly increasing number of vehicles. In order to confirm the thesis on the importance of the problem of road safety, the fact is that every year on Polish roads there are over 32000 accidents and over 420,000 collisions, in which at least 2,800 people are killed. This article is a synthesis of research conducted over the traffic which presents the results of research, which aimed to assess factors influencing the perception of traffic safety by its participants. The collected surveys allowed to indicate factors which, in the opinion of respondents, contribute the most to the occurrence of traffic incidents and the lack of safety on roads.
EXTREME WEATHER PHENOMENON IN POLAND IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE EXAMPLE OF FLOODS AND STRONG WINDS
Authors: Diemientiew Grzegorz
Published: December 2018

Sudden weather events seem to fit in the Polish climate for good. Recent meteorological phenomena in the form of storms, tempests and precipitation are the best proofs for this. This is primarily due to the climatic changes that make the weather last, even in other parts of the world. In this article the author characterizes extreme weather phenomena on the territory of Poland in the context of climate change.
VICTIMOLOGICAL BASES FOR PREVENTION OF CRIMES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Міnchenko Sergii , Dzhuzha Anastasiia
Published: December 2018

A comprehensive study of measures of prevention of crimes undertaken by the National Po-lice of Ukraine is carried out in the paper from the victimological perspective. Moreover, the nature of its social and legal status in the state mechanism of crime prevention is defined. The author proposes the structure of crime prevention subjects and notes that the National Police of Ukraine is an important subject of this activity.
CHANGES IN FRANCE’S STRATEGIC CULTURE AFTER THE COLD WAR
Authors: Zarobny Stanisław
Published: December 2018

The author of the article attempted to examine the main conditions and characteristics of the French strategic culture, a country with huge arms traditions and the high social authority of the armed forces in society. All this means that France has made a huge contribution to the development of theory and practice in the field of military art and strategy, as well as in shaping the order of international security. The main strategic documents of France and its activity in the international arena confirm the traditional line of French security policy and strategic culture. It is a political culture of a superpower conscious of its great past which still radiates into current and global relations of France.
Atorvastatin: A Review of Analytical Methods for Pharmaceutical Quality Control and Monitoring
Authors: Kogawa Ana Carolina , Pires Ana Elisa Della Torre , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes
Published: December 2018

Background: Atorvastatin, a lipid-regulating drug, was the best-selling drug in the world in the early 2000s. Thus, monitoring of this drug is important because it is accessible to a large portion of the population. In addition, its quality control is fundamental to provide quality medicines. Method of analysis can be the first step in the rational use of pharmaceuticals. Objective/Methods: In this context, a critical review of analytical methods present in the literature and official compendia for the pharmaceutical quality control of atorvastatin was made. Results: Among the analytical methods most used in the evaluation of atorvastatin, HPLC is highlighted, followed by HPLC coupled to MS, and spectrophotometry in UV. Tablets are the most studied pharmaceutical samples, and plasma is the most studied biological matrix. In the literature, studies with atorvastatin-based pharmaceutical products are more common than biological materials. Acetonitrile is the organic solvent most commonly used in the methods surveyed to evaluate atorvastatin. Conclusions: Currently, awareness of the impact that the analytical choice has on the health of the operator and the environment is growing. Therefore, the suitability of existing methods for the determination of atorvastatin can be made to adhere to the current analytical chemistry. In this way, the analytical, environmental, and human consciousness will remain united. Highlights: Although the literature shows interesting methods from an economic and environmental point of view, such as UV, Vis miniaturized, and TLC, they can still be improved to meet the requirements of the current sustainable analytical chemistry.
Simultaneous Quantification of Five Flavanone Glycosides in Rat Plasma by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application to a Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus Extracts
Authors: Li Pei , Zeng Su-Ling , Wang Zi-Yuan , Yin Qiang , Bi Zhi-Ming , Liu E-Hu
Published: December 2018

Background: Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) and Aurantii Fructus (AF) are two traditional citrus herbs with health-promoting and nutritive properties. Objective: This paper presents the first attempt to simultaneously investigate the absorption of five major flavanone glycosides, namely narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and poncirin, in rat plasma following a single oral administration of AFI and AF extracts to rats. Methods: The plasma concentrations were determined by liquid–liquid extraction followed by a rapid and sensitive ultra-performance LC-tandem mass spectrometry method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by noncompartmental modeling using DAS software. Results: The developed method was validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of these five flavanone glycosides. Conclusions: The comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters of flavanone glycosides showed that the absorption of AF extract was lower, while the elimination was relatively rapid, compared with those of AFI extract. Highlights: This study may be useful for further utilization of these two citrus herbs.
A Summary of Current DNA Methods for Herb and Spice Identification
Authors: Bayley Alison
Published: December 2018

Appropriate use of genetic methods for botanicalidentification is based on the type of sequencing used as well as testing region selection. Although Sanger sequencing is useful for single-target species identification, targeted next generation sequencing is ideal for testing blended products or those that contain unexpected species. Unknown, fresh, or lightly processed materials are best tested throughthe use of long, universal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) regions (e.g., DNA barcodes). For highly processed products, using shorter and more specific regions helps to prevent false negatives and positives. All approaches must use DNA extraction techniques that address the presence of inhibitory compounds, which often occur in abundance within herbs and spices. The accuracy of identifications is improved when comparing genetic data of any type with a reference database that contains expertly determined vouchered materials, a variety of closely related species, and multiple specimens of the same species.
Laudatio del profesor Giuseppe de Vergottini
Authors: Tenorio Sánchez Pedro
Published: December 2018

Palabras pronunciadas en la cereminoa de investidura del profesor Giuseppe de Vergottini como Doctor Honoris Causa por la UNED.
Mellemlederes målstyringspraksis i et højt formaliseret performanceog målstyringssystem
Authors: Børgesen Kenneth
Published: December 2018

Mål- og performanceindikatorer, som fokuser på kontrol, styring og optimering af kortsigtet kvantitativ resultatskabelse risikerer at gøre det på bekostning af udvikling af medarbejdernes og organisationens langsigtede performance. På trods af en høj grad af organisatorisk disciplineringsforsøg fx gennem formelle KPIer og måltal, kan der opstå lokale praksisser, hvor der afsættes tid til ikke-formelt målsatte aktiviteter, som fx udvikling af kvalitet og teamsamarbejde. En undersøgelse af tre mellemlederes målstyrings-praksis i en dansk global medicinalvirksomhed illustrerer hvordan.
(re)Médiations numériques et perturbations des sciences sociales contemporaines
Authors: Beaude Boris
Published: December 2018

La traçabilité sans précédent des pratiques sociales réactive des clivages qui ont divisé les sciences depuis lexixesiècle. L’abondance des données et la puissance de leur traitement semblent fragiliser la sociologie, alors même que la physique ou l’informatique investissent activement ses problématiques de prédilection. La sociologie n’aurait plus le monopole du social, dont les relations ne seraient pas si singulières, et pourrait faire l’objet de traitements éprouvés par les sciences de la nature. Afin de mieux saisir les enjeux relatifs au déploiement des dispositifs numériques à l’ensemble des pratiques contemporaines, nous proposons de distinguer l’évolution des relations sociales de l’observation de ces relations, de la production de connaissances et, enfin, de la production de sens, comme autant de « remédiations numériques ».

Nous n’assisterions ainsi pas tant à une crise de la sociologie empirique qu’à la résurgence de l’idéal d’une physique sociale opposant aux qualités de l’interprétation la puissance de l’efficience. En faisant l’économie de plus d’un siècle de sciences sociales, ce projet promu par une science sociale computationnelle entretient pourtant de nombreux malentendus et une négligence surprenante de la réflexivité, récusant activement le propre de l’humain au profit de lois supposées universelles.
Les préparatifs d’un hackathon recherche : au coeur de la fabrique des données
Authors: Gruson-Daniel Celya , de Quatrebarbes Constance
Published: December 2018

Depuis les années 2010, de nouveaux formats de recherche tels que leshackathonset lesdata sprintsse sont développés dans le cadre d’expérimentations en sociologie numérique. Sur un temps très court, ces événements proposent d’analyser des données numériques ou numérisées et d’en présenter les premiers résultats. Or, on observe que ces « formats courts » relèguent souvent dans l’ombre la phase de préparation de ces données pour se concentrer sur l’exploration et la visualisation de jeux de données. En tant que coordonnatrices d’un hackathon recherche portant sur la consultation République numérique, nous avons observé les préparatifs à l’oeuvre dans l’organisation d’un tel événement. Des observations qui mettent en lumière un important travail de fabrication des données. De leur collecte à leur mise à disposition le jour de l’événement, ces étapes invisibilisées par ces « formats courts » révèlent un ensemble d’enjeux politiques autour de cesdataet de leur ouverture, qui se dessinent même dans les choix techniques opérés par les acteurs en présence.
Illumina MiSeq reveals the influence of blueberry malvidin-3-galactoside on fecal microbial community structure and metabolizes of liver cancer mice
Authors: Cheng Zhen , Wang Yuehua , Li Bin
Published: December 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a kind of cancer with high incidence and often accompanied by intestinal flora imbalance. Many studies have shown that probiotics such as anthocyanins can regulate gut microbiome and improve disease. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of blueberry malvidin-3-galactoside (M3G), a blueberry ingredient with several beneficial properties, on gut microorganisms of liver cancer (LC) mice. LC mice were fed M3G diets (LM, 40 mg/kg; HM, 80 mg/kg) or 5-fluorouracil (PC, 20 mg/kg) for three weeks. High-throughput sequencing using the MiSeq platform coupled with freely-available computational tools adopt 16SrRNA and metagenome analyses. There was a greater abundance of Verrucomicrobiaceae (p < 0.05) and Ruminococcus (p < 0.05) in mice in the HM group than in those in the LM group. Anti-inflammatory bacteria such as Akkermansia, Sutterella increase in abundance after fed with M3G for three weeks. A significantly smaller abundance of Proinflammatory bacteria such as Dorea, Coprobacillus, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Oscillospira in HM mice(p<0.01). Both M3G and chemotherapeutic drugs can increase signal transduction, Membrane transport, and Cell Motility. In addition, the ability of cell growth and death increased in HM and PC groups but decreased in LC and LM groups. This study indicates that M3G supplementation for three weeks may not be enough to cure liver cancer. However, M3G-supplementation was associated with significant differences in the structure and metabolic function of gut microbiome compared to liver cancer controls that merit further research.
Student Teachers Promoting Democratic Engagement Using Social Media in Teaching
Authors: Biseth Heidi , Madsen Janne , Christensen Ingrid Reite
Published: December 2018

In this study, we address how student teachers can facilitate democratic engagement in school. The demo-cratic engagement is seen through the lenses of an increasingly digital world through which both teachers and children live in. 42 third-year student teachers systematically prepared to use social media as an illus-trative pedagogical tool in their practice placement period. By using the notions of “thin” and “thick” de-mocracy, we are analyzing student teachers’ understanding of democracy and democratic engagement. Our findings suggest that the students view democracy in a thin way, and this lack of democratic competence may influence their classroom practices as future teachers. The Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture was used to analyse the student teachers’ competence to connect the use of social media as a digital and pedagogical tool in promoting democratic engagement. The findings disclose that students vary in their capacity to make use of social media when promoting democratic en-gagement. In our closing discussion, we argue that these results, primarily, pose serious challenges for teacher education.
ANÁLISE FAUNÍSTICA E FLUTUAÇÃO POPULACIONAL DE EUCOILÍNEOS NA CULTURA DE ABACAXI EM ARAGUATINS - TO
Authors: Soares Aline Souza , Vilas Boas Josiane Correia , Da Silva Robson José
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a fauna e a flutuação populacional dos parasitoides da subfamília Eucoilinae, tendo como campo de estudo a cultura de abacaxi (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) do Instituto Federal do Tocantins – Campus Araguatins. As coletas foram realizadas num intervalo de quinze dias, com Armadilha de Moericke, estendendo-se de novembro de 2014 a abril de 2015. Foram montadas doze armadilhas em seis pontos. Os exemplares coletados foram armazenados no laboratório de biologia do Campus, acondicionados em álcool 70%. Mediante o auxílio de chaves dicotômicas e confirmação de especialista, os exemplares foram classificados até o nível de subfamília. Foram coletados 263 eucoilíneos. Os resultados das coletas foram submetidos à análise de dominância, abundância, frequência, constância, diversidade (Shannon-Wianer), riqueza (Margalef) e equitabilidade. Foram submetidos ainda à análise da flutuação populacional, relacionando o número de exemplares com as variáveis temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e precipitação, utilizando a correlação de Pearson. O Índice de Shannon-Wiener foi de H=0,4319; equitabilidade de E=0,2684; e Índice de Riqueza (Margalef) de 0,7179. A correlação de Pearson indicou que a temperatura, precipitação e umidade relativa do ar contribuíram em parte para a incidência dos parasitoides.
Правовые аспекты охраны государственной границы в танском Китае, "Письменные памятники Востока"
Authors: Viacheslav M. Rybakov
Published: December 2018

Немаловажной частью уголовного права являются законы, регулирующие режим государственной границы и контакты с иностранцами. Особенно значимы законы подобного рода в странах с традиционными культурами, где внешние сношения являются прерогативой исключительно государственных учреждений, а внешняя безопасность считается одним из главных политических приоритетов. Хорошим примером такого рода являются законы средневековой китайской династии Тан. В них описаны как нормативное поведение подданных империи в отношении государственной границы, внешних сношений и пограничной службы, так и предполагаемые нарушения такого поведения.
Сасанидский след на персидских миниатюрах XIV-XV вв, "Письменные памятники Востока"
Authors: Aliy I. Kolesnikov
Published: December 2018

Статья посвящена отображению событий и реалий древнего и античного Ирана в миниатюрной живописи страны XIV-XV вв. н.э. Такие реалии представлены изобразительными сюжетами на изделиях сасанидской торевтики (III-VII вв.), официальными коронами сасанидских правителей на серебряных монетах, историческими преданиями и легендами, собранными в пехлевийской «Хвадай-намаг» (VII в.) и сохранившимися в поэме Фирдоуси «Шах-наме» (Х в.).
Dual conformation of the ligand induces the partial agonistic activity of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα)
Authors: Miyashita Yurina , Numoto Nobutaka , Arulmozhiraja Sundaram , Nakano Shogo , Matsuo Naoya , Shimizu Kanade , Shibahara Osamu , Fujihara Michiko , Kakuta Hiroki , Ito Sohei , Ikura Teikichi , Ito Nobutoshi , Tokiwa Hiroaki
Published: December 2018

1‐[(3,5,5,8,8‐pentamethyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)amino]benzotriazole‐5‐carboxylic acid (CBt‐PMN), a partial agonist of retinoid X receptor (RXR), has attracted attention due to its potential to treat type 2 diabetes and central nervous system diseases with reduced adverse effects of existing full agonists. Herein, we report the crystal structure of CBt‐PMN‐bound ligand‐binding domain of human RXRα (hRXRα) and its biochemical characterization. Interestingly, the structure is a tetramer in nature, in which CBt‐PMNs are clearly found binding in two different conformations. The dynamics of the hRXRα/CBt‐PMN complex examined using molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the flexibility of the AF‐2 interface depends on the conformation of the ligand. These facts reveal that the dual conformation of CBt‐PMN in the complex is probably the reason behind its partial agonistic activity.
Recombinant yeast VDAC2: a comparison of electrophysiological features with the native form
Authors: Magrì Andrea , Karachitos Andonis , Di Rosa Maria Carmela , Reina Simona , Conti Nibali Stefano , Messina Angela , Kmita Hanna , De Pinto Vito
Published: December 2018

Voltage‐dependent anion channel isoform 2 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yVDAC2) was believed for many years to be devoid of channel activity. Recently, we isolated yVDAC2 and showed that it exhibits channel‐forming activity in the planar lipid bilayer system when in its so‐called native form. Here, we describe an alternative strategy for yVDAC2 isolation, through heterologous expression in bacteria and refolding in vitro. Recombinant yVDAC2, like its native form, is able to form voltage‐dependent channels. However, some differences between native and recombinant yVDAC2 emerged in terms of voltage dependence and ion selectivity, suggesting that, in this specific case, the recombinant protein might be depleted of post‐translational modification(s) that occur in eukaryotic cells.
Comparison of different registration landmarks for MRI‐CT fusion in radiotherapy for lung cancer with post‐obstructive lobar collapse
Authors: Han Qian , Liang Hengpo , Cheng Peng , Shi Dapeng
Published: December 2018

The registration of the two sets of images based on the spine and pulmonary artery landmarks and the geometric center difference of the mean displacement in the X, Y, and Z directions (X, Y, and Z represent the directions of the body from left to right, superior to inferior, and anterior to posterior) between their MRI‐CT fusions were compared, respectively. Fifty‐five lung cancer patients with post‐obstructive lobar collapse were enrolled in this study. Before radiation, two sets of simulating images according to the spine and the pulmonary artery registrations were obtained for each patient using MRI‐CT fusion. The differences of mean displacement in the X, Y, and Z directions based on spine and pulmonary artery landmarks were of −0.29, 0.25, and 0.18 cm, respectively. The mean displacements of the pulmonary artery based images in the three directions were smaller than that in the spine registration images (P < 0.05). By the method of pulmonary artery landmark, MRI‐CT has better registration accuracy and can better help confirm the target volume.
Si3N4 Hollow Microsphere Toughened Porous Ceramics from Direct Coagulation Method via Dispersant Reaction
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Huo Wenlong , Gan Ke , Wang Yali , Hu Zunlan , Yang Jinlong
Published: December 2018

In order to realize the toughening effect of Si3N4 hollow microsphere, direct coagulation casting method via dispersant reaction is utilized to form porous green bodies of Si3N4 ceramics for the first time. It is found that the combination state between Si3N4 hollow microsphere and ceramic matrix is enhanced due to its superiority on the coagulation mechanism. This novel colloidal forming method efficiently contributes to the close contact between hollow microspheres and ceramic particles, leading to the improvement of interface strength between the pore‐former and ceramic matrix. More importantly, it is proved that ceramic hollow microspheres could well perform as both pore‐former and toughening phase. The porosity regulation of porous ceramics is realized by tailoring ludox and carbon amount through carbothermal reduction method. This method turns out to regulate the performance of porous ceramics better especially through the sintering parameters. Porous Si3N4 ceramics prepared with 5 wt% ludox addition which are treated in argon at 1400 °C possesses the optimal performance. They possess the fracture toughness of 2.45 MPa · m1/2, dielectric constant of 3.49, and thermal conductivity of 2.57 W/(m · K), which have promising applications in radome materials.
Ultrathin Non‐van der Waals Magnetic Rhombohedral Cr2S3: Space‐Confined Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis and Raman Scattering Investigation
Authors: Zhou Shasha , Wang Renyan , Han Junbo , Wang Deli , Li Huiqiao , Gan Lin , Zhai Tianyou
Published: December 2018

Two dimensional (2D) magnetic materials display enormous application potential in spintronic fields. However, most of currently reported magnetic materials are van der Waals layered structure that is easy to be isolated via exfoliation method. By contrast, the studies on non‐van der Waals ultrathin magnetic materials are rare, largely due to the difficulty in fabrication. Rhombohedral Cr2S3, an intensively studied antiferromagnetic transition metal chalcogenide with Neel temperature of ≈120 K, has a typical non‐van der Waals structure. Restricted by the strong covalent bonding in all the three dimensions of non‐van der Waals structure, the synthesis of ultrathin Cr2S3 single crystals is still a challenge that is not achieved yet. Besides, the study on the Raman modes of rhombohedral Cr2S3 is also absent. Herein, by employing space‐confined chemical vapor deposition strategy, ultrathin rhombohedral Cr2S3 single crystals with a thickness down to ≈2.5 nm for the first time are successfully grown. Moreover, a systematically investigation is also conducted on the Raman vibrations of ultrathin rhombohedral Cr2S3. With the aid of angle‐resolved polarized Raman technique, the Raman modes of rhombohedral Cr2S3 for the first time based on crystal symmetry and Raman selection rules are rationally assigned.
High Modulus Conductive Hydrogels Enhance In Vitro Maturation and Contractile Function of Primary Cardiomyocytes for Uses in Drug Screening
Authors: Wu Fengxin , Gao Aijun , Liu Jian , Shen Yaoyi , Xu Panpan , Meng Jie , Wen Tao , Xu Lianghua , Xu Haiyan
Published: December 2018

Effective and quick screening and cardiotoxicity assessment are very crucial for drug development. Here, a novel composite hydrogel composed of carbon fibers (CFs) with high conductivity and modulus with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is reported. The conductivity of the composite hydrogel PVA/CFs is similar to that of natural heart tissue, and the elastic modulus is close to that of natural heart tissue during systole, due to the incorporation of CFs. PVA/CFs remarkably enhance the maturation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) in vitro by upregulating the expression of α‐actinin, troponin T, and connexin‐43, activating the signaling pathway of α5 and β1 integrin‐dependent ILK/p‐AKT, and increasing the level of RhoA and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α. As a result, the engineered cell sheet–like constructs NRCM@PVA/CFs display much more synchronous, stable, and robust beating behavior than NRCM@PVA. When exposed to doxorubicin or isoprenaline, NRCM@PVA/CFs can retain effective beating for much longer time or change the contractile rate much faster than NRCM@PVA, respectively, therefore representing a promising heart‐like platform for in vitro drug screening and cardiotoxicity assessment.
Intracellular Delivery of His‐Tagged Genome‐Editing Proteins Enabled by Nitrilotriacetic Acid–Containing Lipidoid Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yamin , Li Alice Chukun , Xu Qiaobing
Published: December 2018

Protein‐ and peptide‐based therapeutics with high tolerance and specificity along with low off‐target effects and genetic risks have attracted tremendous attention over the last three decades. Herein, a new type of noncationic lipidoid nanoparticle (LNP) is reported for His‐tagged protein delivery. Active lipidoids are synthesized by conjugating a nitrilotriacetic acid group with hydrophobic tails (EC16, O16B, and O17O) and nanoparticles are formulated in the presence of nickel ions and helper lipids (cholesterol, 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine, and 1,2‐distearoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐N‐[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)‐2000]). It is demonstrated that the newly developed LNPs are capable of delivering various His‐tagged proteins including green fluorescent protein (GFP), (−30)GFP‐Cre recombinase, and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein into mammalian cells.
Minimally Invasive and Regenerative Therapeutics
Authors: Ashammakhi Nureddin , Ahadian Samad , Darabi Mohammad Ali , El Tahchi Mario , Lee Junmin , Suthiwanich Kasinan , Sheikhi Amir , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Oklu Rahmi , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: December 2018

Advances in biomaterial synthesis and fabrication, stem cell biology, bioimaging, microsurgery procedures, and microscale technologies have made minimally invasive therapeutics a viable tool in regenerative medicine. Therapeutics, herein defined as cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and their combinations, can be delivered in a minimally invasive way to regenerate different tissues in the body, such as bone, cartilage, pancreas, cardiac, skeletal muscle, liver, skin, and neural tissues. Sophisticated methods of tracking, sensing, and stimulation of therapeutics in vivo using nano‐biomaterials and soft bioelectronic devices provide great opportunities to further develop minimally invasive and regenerative therapeutics (MIRET). In general, minimally invasive delivery methods offer high yield with low risk of complications and reduced costs compared to conventional delivery methods. Here, minimally invasive approaches for delivering regenerative therapeutics into the body are reviewed. The use of MIRET to treat different tissues and organs is described. Although some clinical trials have been performed using MIRET, it is hoped that such therapeutics find wider applications to treat patients. Finally, some future perspective and challenges for this emerging field are highlighted.