bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The great get together as an experiment in convivial politics
Authors: Parry Katy
Published: June 2020

The Great Get Together was first held in the United Kingdom in June 2017, to commemorate the death of Labour Party MP, Jo Cox, murdered by a far-right extremist a year earlier, and to celebrate diversity in local communities. I argue that the Great Get Together offers an illuminating experiment in convivial politics; a concept discussed and developed further in the article. Drawing upon scholarship about events and media events, the article traces the mediated formations and flows of the Great Get Together as it is promoted by mainstream media and by citizens sharing affinities and experiences on social media. By examining the aesthetics and styling of convivial politics promoted by those involved in the tapestry of Great Get Together events, drawing upon Robin Wagner-Pacifici's framework of ‘political semiosis’, I critically assess its capacity for building solidarity across political divides, alongside the limitations.
Pressure and flow properties of dual-lumen cannulae for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Broman Lars Mikael , Westlund C Jerker , Gilbers Martijn , Perry da Câmara Luisa , Prahl Wittberg Lisa , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Malfertheiner Maximilian V , Di Nardo Matteo , Swol Justyna , Vercaemst Leen , Barrett Nicholas A , Pappalardo Federico , Belohlavek Jan , Belliato Mirko , Lorusso Roberto
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

In the last decade, dual-lumen cannulae have been increasingly applied in patients undergoing extracorporeal life support. Well-performing vascular access is crucial for efficient extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support; thus, guidance for proper cannulae size is required. Pressure–flow charts provided by manufacturers are often based on tests performed using water, rarely blood. However, blood is a shear-thinning and viscoelastic fluid characterized by different flow properties than water.

Methods:

We performed a study evaluating pressure–flow curves during standardized conditions using human whole blood in two commonly available dual-lumen cannulae used in neonates, pediatric, and adult patients. Results were merged and compared with the manufacturer’s corresponding curves obtained from the public domain.

Results:

The results showed that using blood as compared with water predominantly influenced drainage flow. A 10-80% higher pressure-drop was needed to obtain same drainage flow (hematocrit of 26%) compared with manufacturer’s water charts in 13-31 Fr bi-caval dual-lumen cannulae. The same net difference was found in cavo-atrial cannulae (16-32 Fr), where a lower drainage pressure was required (Hct of 26%) compared with the manufacturer’s test using blood with an Hct of 33%. Return pressure–flow data were similar, independent whether pumping blood or water, to the data reported by manufacturers.

Conclusion:

Non-standardized testing of pressure–flow properties of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation dual-lumen cannulae prevents an adequate prediction of pressure–flow results when these cannulae are used in patients. Properties of dual-lumen cannulae may vary between sizes within same cannula family, in particular concerning the drainage flow.
Endometrial adenocarcinoma metastatic to the pituitary gland: a case report and literature review
Authors: Du Hongquan , Jia Aihua , Ren Yuan , Gu Mingyong , Li Haomin , Sun Minghui , Tang Tian , Liu Haijuan , Bai Jie
Published: June 2020

Pituitary metastases are rare, and metastatic pituitary lesions originating from endometrial adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. These lesions can be mistaken for pituitary adenomas and their diagnosis can be very difficult. Pituitary metastases mostly affect the posterior lobe and patients may develop diabetes insipidus. Patients with endometrial cancer complicated with diabetes, including poor glycemic control, may also suffer from thirst, making it more difficult to diagnose diabetes insipidus. A 68-year-old woman who was being followed-up for primary endometrial adenocarcinoma was admitted for gradually worsened polyuria and polydipsia. Her laboratory findings were compatible with diabetes insipidus. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed thickening of the pituitary stalk, involvement of the superior pituitary gland, and disappearance of hyperintensity in the posterior lobe, indicating pituitary metastasis. Increased urine output and oral fluid intake in a patient with a diagnosis of carcinoma may indicate possible pituitary metastasis, and the hormonal insufficiency should be corrected to improve the patient’s quality of life.
Management of late hemorrhage after pancreatic surgery: treatment strategy and prognosis
Authors: Wu Xin , Chen Ge , Wu Wenming , Zhang Taiping , Liao Quan , Dai Menghua , Zhao Yupei
Published: June 2020

Objective

Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage is a life-threatening complication. Hemorrhage occurring >24 hours after the index operation is defined as late hemorrhage. This study was performed to analyze the therapeutic management and prognostic factors of late hemorrhage after pancreatectomy.

Methods

We identified 87 patients with late hemorrhage among 2031 patients who underwent pancreatic surgery from January 2013 to December 2017. The patients’ demographic characteristics, perioperative treatment, hemorrhage details, and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Of the 87 patients, 53 were men. Bleeding occurred at a mean of 8.9 ± 6.0 days postoperatively. Extraluminal and intraluminal hemorrhage occurred in 58 and 29 patients, respectively. The primary intervention was successful in 66 patients, and 16 patients required a secondary intervention. The primary and total recovery rates were 72.4% and 89.7%, respectively. Of the 87 patients, 9 died. Male sex, hemorrhage on a later postoperative day, a significantly decreased hemoglobin level, and pancreatic fistula showed statistical significance as possible risk factors for mortality.

Conclusions

Male sex, hemorrhage on a later postoperative day, a significantly decreased hemoglobin level, and pancreatic fistula are possible risk factors for mortality in patients with late hemorrhage after pancreatectomy. Hemorrhage is a dynamic process, and a secondary intervention may be necessary.
“Drop the Body”: Body Disposal Patterns in Sexual Homicide
Authors: Chai April Miin Miin , Beauregard Eric , Chopin Julien
Published: June 2020

The current study investigates body disposal patterns in sexual homicide and examines whether offender’s behavior differ between solved and unsolved cases. To address these two research questions in line with rational choice perspective, a series of logistic regression analyses was conducted on a sample of 250 solved, and 100 unsolved sexual homicide cases in Canada. Within solved cases, results show that if victim is a prostitute, body found concealed, and found lying face down, it is likely the body was moved. For unsolved cases, the role of victim as a prostitute, and body recovered outdoors suggest that the body was moved. Further, results indicate that post-crime phase factors predicted the most whether the victim’s body was moved in solved cases. Whereas within unsolved cases, crime-phase factors contributed the most at predicting whether the body was moved post-homicide. Theoretical and practical implications from this study are discussed.
Beyond work intensification: The contradictions and ironies of the changing nature of ‘unskilled’ work in a context of austerity and organisational change
Authors: McBride Jo , Martínez Lucio Miguel
Published: June 2020

This article argues, through a study of cleaning workers, a need to reconsider the changing nature of unskilled work. In particular, how it has, ironically, become more complex and challenging in some cases due to economic and political developments. For example, in relation to questions of dirty work, stigma and issues of dignity, aspects of this literature recognise the difficulty of the work and its ‘distribution’. However, we argue a need to draw further attention to the ‘mechanics’, processes and complexities of this work and the way it is subject to significant contextual changes (e.g. the role of austerity) that create new complexities and challenges just as that work is being undermined and intensified. We use the voices of cleaning workers to reflect, in a rich detailed manner, the changes to their working environment and focus on the broader social perceptions of the work – from the public, employers and the workers themselves. Our analysis demonstrates a clear recognition of the complexity of that work through four dimensions – the changing spatial isolation of work; the growing context of violence due to the changing operational features of the job; the ongoing impact of state led austerity policies and limited resources, and the ongoing role of social stigma. We end the article discussing how workers’ control emerges as an important issue in a curious manner within this changing context.
Comparative Study of Cyclic and Shake Table Tests for Simple for Dead Load and Continuous for Live Load Steel Bridge System in Seismic Area
Authors: Sadeghnejad Amir , Rehmat Sheharyar , Mantawy Islam M. , Azizinamini Atorod
Published: June 2020

A new superstructure to pier connection for simple for dead load and continuous for live load (SDCL) steel bridge system in seismic areas was developed. As proof of concept, component level and system level tests were carried out on scale models. The component test was conducted under cyclic loading and the results showed satisfactory performance conforming to design standards. The same detail was incorporated in a system level shake table testing which was subjected to bidirectional earthquake excitations. The results showed that the connection behaved well under high levels of drift and acceleration. The capacity protected elements sustained minimal damage and the plastic hinge was limited to a predefined location in the column. In this paper, a summary of results from both tests is presented and compared. The results showed that the SDCL components remained within the elastic range. It was concluded that the dowel bars in the cap beam are the main load-carrying elements under excitations in the longitudinal direction of the bridge and the provisions of current design codes are adequate for the design of these reinforcing bars. Both test protocols showed similar behavior despite the differences in construction methods and material properties.
Developing a Unifying Model of Resilience in Dementia Caregiving: A Scoping Review and Content Analysis
Authors: Zhou Yuanjin , Ishado Emily , O’Hara Avery , Borson Soo , Sadak Tatiana
Published: June 2020

Resilience, a capacity for addressing, recovering, and growing from challenging situations, can mitigate dementia care partners’ burden. Three main theoretical models predominate, treating resilience variably as an outcome, a trait, or a process. In this scoping review, we examine how these three models inform definitions and measures of resilience in dementia care partners to understand whether there is a single coherent model and identify the gaps in conceptualizing and operationalizing resilience. We searched English-language peer-reviewed articles (January 1991–June 2019) that contained definitions and/or measures of resilience developed for or used with dementia care partners. Data were analyzed using content analysis. We found that perspectives from the three existing theoretical models can be integrated into a unified framework for the study of resilience in dementia care partners. However, major gaps remain in operationalizing resilience for research due to a paucity of resilience outcomes and knowledge about resilience-related behaviors.
Effect of uric acid levels on mortality in Japanese peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Sugano Naoki , Maruyama Yukio , Ohno Iwao , Wada Atsushi , Shigematsu Takashi , Masakane Ikuto , Yokoo Takashi , Nitta Kosaku
Published: June 2020

Background:

Unlike the situation in the general population, most studies of patients receiving hemodialysis have reported lower uric acid (UA) as associated with higher mortality. However, the relationship between UA level and mortality remains unclear among patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods:

We collected baseline data for 4742 prevalent PD patients (age, 63 ± 14 years; male, 61.5%; diabetes, 29.1%; median dialysis duration, 28 months) from a nationwide dialysis registry in Japan at the end of 2012. One-year all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality and mortality caused by infectious disease were assessed using Cox regression analysis and competing-risks regression analysis, respectively. We used multiple imputation to deal with missing covariate data.

Results:

Within 1 year, 379 patients (8.0%) died, including 129 patients (2.7%) from CV causes and 95 patients (2.0%) from infectious disease. In multivariate analysis, serum UA, treated as a continuous variable, was not associated with any outcome. Conversely, both lower (<297 µmol/L) and higher (≥476 µmol/L) UA levels were independently associated with higher all-cause mortality compared to the reference group (416 to <446 µmol/L) in analyses where serum UA was treated as a categorical variable. Body mass index (BMI) affected the association between serum UA and all-cause mortality (interaction p = 0.049).

Conclusions:

A U-shaped relationship appears to exist between UA levels and all-cause mortality among Japanese PD patients. Additionally, lower BMI significantly enhanced the effect of UA levels on mortality.
Impact of Self-Care and Mobility on One or More Post-Acute Care Transitions
Authors: Li Chih-Ying , Karmarkar Amol , Kuo Yong-Fang , Haas Allen , Ottenbacher Kenneth J.
Published: June 2020

Objective: To investigate the association between functional status and post-acute care (PAC) transition(s). Methods: Secondary analysis of 2013–2014 Medicare data for individuals aged ≥66 years with stroke, lower extremity joint replacements, and hip/femur fracture discharged to one of three PAC settings (inpatient rehabilitation facilities, skilled nursing facilities, and home health agencies). Functional scores were co-calibrated into a 0–100 scale across settings. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test the partition of variance (%) and the probability of PAC transition attributed to the functional score in the initial PAC setting. Results: Patients discharged to inpatient rehabilitation facilities with higher function were less likely to use additional PAC. Function level in an inpatient rehabilitation facility explained more of the variance in PAC transitions than function level while in a skilled nursing facility. Discussion: The function level affected PAC transitions more for those discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation facility than to a skilled nursing facility.
‘If p? Then What?’ Thinking within, with, and from cases
Authors: Morgan Mary S.
Published: June 2020

The provocative paper by John Forrester ‘If p, Then What? Thinking in Cases’ (1996) opened up the question of case thinking as a separate mode of reasoning in the sciences. Case-based reasoning is certainly endemic across a number of sciences, but it has looked different according to where it has been found. This article investigates this mode of science – namely thinking in cases – by questioning the different interpretations of ‘If p?’ and exploring the different interpretative responses of what follows in ‘Then What?’. The aim is to characterize how ‘reasoning in, within, with, and from cases’ forms a mode of scientific investigation for single cases, for runs of cases, and for comparative cases, drawing on materials from a range of different fields in which case-based reasoning appears.
Selection of solar collector network design for industrial applications subject to economic and operation criteria
Authors: Lizárraga-Morazán Juan R , Martínez-Rodríguez Guillermo , Fuentes-Silva Amanda L , Picón-Núñez Martín
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to present a design approach for the selection of the most cost-effective solar thermal plant composed of flat plate solar collectors for a given process. The approach seeks to provide the designer with the necessary elements for decision making, namely minimum total operating costs, minimum required plot area for installation, maximum daily operating time and determination of payback time. The optimisation methodology search uses a cost equation for flat plate solar collectors along with a thermal model linked in a MatLab and General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) platform. In stand-alone collector design, tube diameter, tube length and collector width are the variables that have a major impact on the cost; in the case of solar collector fields, the number of collectors in series is the variable with the strongest impact. It is shown that the optimised networks fulfil the thermal duty within the limitation of land area. The designs are carried out for the conditions that guarantee operation throughout the year and exhibit saving of up to 50% and payback times lower than six years. The approach is demonstrated using a case study.
What Is the Burden of Care of Nasoalveolar Molding?
Authors: Alfonso Allyson R. , Ramly Elie P. , Kantar Rami S. , Wang Maxime M. , Eisemann Bradley S. , Staffenberg David A. , Shetye Pradip R. , Flores Roberto L.
Published: June 2020

Objective:

This systematic review aims to evaluate nasoalveolar molding (NAM) in the context of burden of care defined as physical, psychosocial, or financial burden on caregivers.

Search Methods:

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 5 databases were searched from inception through December 24, 2019, for keywords and subject headings pertaining to cleft lip and/or palate and NAM.

Eligibility Criteria:

Clinical studies on NAM with reference to physical (access to care, number of visits, distance traveled), psychosocial (caregiver perceptions, family interactions, breast milk feeding), and financial (direct and indirect costs) burden were included.

Data Collection and Analysis:

Study selection was performed by 2 independent reviewers.

Results:

The search identified 1107 articles and 114 articles remained for qualitative synthesis. Burden of care domains were discussed but not measured in 43% of articles and only 25% assessed burden of care through a primary outcome. Of these, 20 articles reported on physical, 8 articles on psychosocial, and 12 articles on financial burden. Quality of evidence is limited by study design and risk of bias.

Conclusion:

Nasoalveolar molding has been indiscriminately associated with burden of care in the literature. Although NAM may not be the ideal treatment option for all patients and families, the physical considerations are limited when accounting for the observed psychosocial advantages. Financial burden appears to be offset, but further research is required. Teams should directly assess the impact of this early intervention on the well-being of caregivers and advance strategies that improve access to care.
The Influence of Stereotype Threat and Implicit Theories of Emotion on Gender Differences in Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Doyle Randi A. , Thompson Ashley E.
Published: June 2020

The current study investigated the effects of stereotype threat on emotional intelligence (EI) performance and the utility of implicit theories of emotion (ITE; fixed/growth mind-set) to reduce stereotype threat effects. In Experiment 1, 186 adults received one of four EI stereotype conditions (threat, boost, nullified threat, and control) and then completed measures of ability-based EI and ITE. The results revealed that women outperform men in the “threat to men” and control conditions and that ITE moderated this gender difference. In the nullified threat condition, men with a growth mind-set outperformed men with a fixed mind-set. In Experiment 2, EI stereotypes and ITE were manipulated. The results from 452 adults indicated that the ITE manipulation affected men’s EI performance but not women’s. Overall, men adopting a growth mind-set demonstrated trends in which they outperformed men adopting a fixed mind-set. Implications related to the reduction of gender disparities in EI performance are discussed.
Young Children’s Ability to Describe Intermediate Clothing Placement
Authors: Wylie Breanne , Stolzenberg Stacia N. , McWilliams Kelly , Evans Angela D. , Lyon Thomas D.
Published: June 2020

Children’s ability to adequately describe clothing placement is essential to evaluating their allegations of sexual abuse. Intermediate clothing placement (partially removed clothing) may be difficult for young children to describe, requiring more detailed explanations to indicate the location of clothing (e.g., the clothes were pulled down to the knees). The current study investigated 172 3- to 6-year-olds’ descriptions of clothing placement when responding to commonly used questions ( yes/no, forced-choice, open-choice, where), as well as children’s on-off response tendencies when describing intermediate placement (i.e., labeling the clothing as fully on or off). Results revealed that where questions were superior in eliciting intermediate descriptions, even for the youngest children. Children sometimes exhibited tendencies to describe intermediate placements as “on” or “off,” which varied by question-type and clothing placement. The implications of the findings for interviewing young children about sexual abuse are discussed.
Influence of Survivors’ Entrapment Factors and Traffickers’ Characteristics on Perceptions of Interpersonal Social Power While Being Recruited To Be Trafficked
Authors: Preble Kathleen M.
Published: June 2020

Although scholarship about human trafficking has grown in the last two decades, not much is understood about interpersonal dynamics in human trafficking experiences. This article explores human trafficking victims’ ( n = 31, female, international) perceptions of traffickers’ interpersonal social power during the recruitment phase of the trafficking experience. Findings from this study revealed that entrapment factors and shared common characteristics between victim and trafficker prior to trafficking did little to influence perceptions of interpersonal social power among victims. Understanding victims’ perceptions of interpersonal social power is critical to developing targeted prevention and intervention services for women at risk for becoming trafficked.
Opioid rotation from transdermal fentanyl to continuous subcutaneous hydromorphone in a cachectic patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Jackson Lawrence D , Wortzman Rachel , Chua Debbie , Selby Debbie
Published: June 2020

Opioid rotation from transdermal fentanyl to an alternate opioid is often necessitated in advanced disease, but is fraught with uncertainty due to variable absorption from the patch in end-stage illness and the lack of a clearly established opioid rotation ratio. The manufacturer of transdermal fentanyl provides opioid rotation recommendations only for rotation from the oral morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) of opioid to the patch, not in the opposite direction. This is a case report of a single patient with cancer and cachexia admitted to the palliative care unit of a large academic medical centre in Canada. The patient is a 50-year-old female with widely metastatic breast cancer who developed opioid toxicity when maintenance transdermal fentanyl patch therapy (100 μg patch applied every 72 h) was rotated to subcutaneous hydromorphone infusion to improve pain control. Hydromorphone was initiated at a rate of 1 mg/h by continuous infusion based on an opioid rotation ratio for transdermal fentanyl (μg/h):MEDD (mg/day) of 1:2.4. Opioid toxicity eventually resolved with downward titration of hydromorphone to only 30% of the initially estimated equianalgesic dose. This case highlights the need for close follow-up of all patients undergoing opioid rotation from transdermal fentanyl and reinforces the need to reduce the initial dose of the new opioid by 30%–50% of the calculated MEDD, especially when rotating from a high dose of transdermal fentanyl, or if there are factors potentially impairing absorption from the patch such as age, cachexia and weight loss, or if rotation is performed for reasons other than uncontrolled pain.
Environmental Management Maturity: The Role of Dynamic Validation
Authors: Ormazabal Marta , Sarriegi Jose M. , Rich Eliot , Viles Elisabeth , Gonzalez Jose J.
Published: June 2020

Maturity models enhance the performance of companies by prescribing a trajectory through stages of increasing capability. However, a recent review of maturity models concludes that current maturity models hardly meet the design principles required for prescriptive use. To address this deficiency, we conducted semistructured interviews and a Group Model Building study with industrial companies in Spain in which we studied the progression toward a Leading Green Company as the highest maturity stage of environmental management. The findings from the study were tested using surveys with enterprises in Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom, semistructured interviews in the United Kingdom and case studies in Spain. Using these data sources, we develop a causal model that captures an idealized environmental management maturity dynamic progression though stages. By mapping maturity stages to feedback loops connected to actions to improve those maturity levels, system dynamics can help companies articulate policies for transitioning toward higher maturity stages.
Ten years experience of corneal collagen cross-linking
Authors: Elmassry Ahmed , Said Ahmed Osama Ibrahim , Abdalla Moones F , Gaballah Karim
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To study the effect of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) using riboflavin and ultraviolet rays on cases of corneal ectasia in keratoconus cases, post-laser–assisted in situ keratomileusis ectasia, and pellucid marginal degeneration and to present its long-term results over many years.

Methods

This study was conducted throughout 10 “years” experience in corneal collagen CXL, including 6120 cases. The study consists of two parts: a retrospective and a prospective part. All patients in the retrospective part were operated by epi-off, while in the prospective part, the epi-on procedure was used. Also, other machines were used as Peschke Vario, Peschke Phoenix, and different types of riboflavin. The results were analyzed using SPSS.

Results

The study showed stabilization ectasia in 95% of cases using our standard protocol, and this was proved by topography, pachymetry, refraction, and visual acuity. The effect of CXL was continued in 20% of cases, over a period of 3–5 years, some cases needed to repeat CXL due to the progression of corneal ectasia after cross-linking, in six eyes, that were rubbing their eyes and/or hormonal disturbance.

Conclusion

Corneal collagen cross-linking CXL is an effective method to prevent the progression of corneal ectasia, whether primary or post-laser–assisted in situ keratomileusis, and the effect was stable over the years of study.
Religious feminists and the intersectional feminist movements: Insights from a case study
Authors: Giorgi Alberta
Published: June 2020

Scholars describe Global North feminisms as mostly ‘secular’ and often opposing religion. Contemporary feminist intersectional movements seem to offer different approaches able to overcome distances and articulate the role of religion in feminist emancipatory practice. This contribution explores the complex role of religion in intersectional feminist movements, drawing on the experiences of religious-feminist and secular-feminist women in Italy. The results highlight that religious women are increasingly part of feminist intersectional movements. Nonetheless, religious inequalities are often overlooked, and religion triggers ambivalent reactions, often resulting in a process of othering minority women.
Transient plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication concerning surface features with application to split roller bearings
Authors: Hultqvist Tobias , Vrček Aleks , Johannesson Tomas , Marklund Pär , Larsson Roland
Published: June 2020

The use of roller bearings as crankshaft main bearings has shown potential in reducing the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. An effective way to mount the roller bearing onto the crankshaft is to split the outer ring. However, this may lead to a severe out-of-roundness in the split region when the bearing is mounted, further implying increased noise, vibrations and contact stresses. In this work, a novel approach to study the plasto-elastohydrodynamic contact using commercial finite element software is developed. The modelling approach is based on the contact moving in space, allowing for the stress history based on the lubricant pressure to be studied in a straight-forward manner. The model is first utilised to study the influence of asperities on the lubricating conditions, indicating that stresses may exceed the yield strength of the material due to the transient effects taking place when the surface feature is over-rolled. Thereafter, the model is used to analyse the step in a mounted crankshaft roller bearing with the purpose of specifying a critical step height, which implies zero plasticity and thereby a reduced risk of accumulated damage in the vicinity of the step.
Relationships between sleep, exercise timing, and chronotype in young adults
Authors: Glavin Emily E , Ceneus McDerby , Chanowitz Mira , Kantilierakis Joanna , Mendelow Eytan , Mosquera Jacobo , Spaeth Andrea M
Published: June 2020

To examine the relationships between exercise timing, chronotype, sleep, and mood, college students ( N = 909, 19.6 ± 1.4 years, 38% female) completed questionnaires immediately after exercising. Evening exercisers had later bedtimes, poorer sleep quality, and lower sleep efficiency compared to morning exercisers. Evening chronotypes reported poorer sleep quality, greater daytime dysfunction, and less positive affect compared to morning/neither chronotypes. Chronotype moderated the relationship between exercise timing and bedtime; with each minute delay in exercise timing, bedtime was delayed by 6.1 minutes in morning-types and only 3.6 minutes in evening-types. University health initiatives should target evening exercisers to mitigate the consequences of prolonged insufficient sleep.
The impact of world assumptions on the association between discrimination and internalizing and substance use outcomes
Authors: Haeny Angela M , Woerner Jacqueline , Ahuja Manik , Hicks Terrell A , Overstreet Cassie , Amstadter Ananda , Sartor Carolyn E
Published: June 2020

This study investigated whether core beliefs about the world being safe and predictable (i.e. world assumptions) mediated the association between discrimination and internalizing and substance use problems among individuals from marginalized groups. Path analyses tested mediating effects of four types of world assumptions on the association between discrimination (race-, gender-, and sexual orientation-based) and anxiety, depression, alcohol and cannabis problems in college students ( N = 1,181, agemean = 19.50, SD = 1.67). Limited support for mediation by world assumptions was found: among Asian students, race-based discrimination indirectly impacted anxiety symptoms through low perceived controllability of events. Direct effects across groups and discrimination types were also found.
“Chasing hope”: Parents’ perspectives on complementary and alternative interventions for children with autism in Kazakhstan
Authors: An Sofiya , Kanderzhanova Akbota , Akhmetova Assel , Foster Faye , Chan Chee Kai
Published: June 2020

In post-Soviet Kazakhstan, the system of care for children with autism has been transforming over the past three decades. There is little known about the use of complementary and alternative medicine by families raising autistic children in the post-Soviet region. An exploratory qualitative focus group design was employed to study parents’ experiences of using complementary and alternative medicine focusing on the perceived factors driving the utilization of complementary and alternative medicine by families of autistic children and the availability of complementary and alternative medicine. Six focus groups were conducted in five cities of diverse geographical locations in Kazakhstan. Data were analyzed using a framework analysis. Two overarching themes and subthemes are developed. The first “unmet needs” relates to predisposing factors that motivate parents to complementary and alternative medicine uptake and the second “chasing hope” relates to enabling factors that facilitate parents’ uptake of complementary and alternative medicines. In summary, parents of autism spectrum disorder children in Kazakhstan face multiple challenges when seeking treatment for their children’s condition and implement whatever complementary and alternative medicine interventions available. A decision to use, and the choice of intervention, mainly comes from perceptions of having no other choice rather than from rational decisions based on efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines. This study provides the first empirical conceptualization of parents’ motives for choosing complementary and alternative medicine in Kazakhstan.

Lay abstract

The article reports the findings of a qualitative research study on how and why parents of autistic children in Kazakhstan utilize complementary and alternative medicine. We found that parents turn to complementary and alternative medicine because of the lack of professional care options available to them and in pursuit for hope and opportunities for their children with ASD.
Students, sex work and negotiations of stigma in the UK and Australia
Authors: Simpson Jessica , Smith Cassandra
Published: June 2020

How stigma is negotiated by female university students working in the sex industry remains under-researched and is limited to the context of erotic dancing. This article combines data collected in the UK and Australia with a total of 14 student sex workers and expands the scope by including individuals working in legal brothels, as independent escorts, webcammers and erotic dancers. Findings reveal that the use of the internet offered some women protection from discrimination, while at the same time exposing others to ‘new’ and intensified forms of stigma; which required alternative strategies to negate the negative effects. Despite the diverse nature of the sex industry, regardless of the sector, women in both countries were similar in their approach to sex work and their response to stigma. Given their relatively ‘respectable’ social standing, students were able to claim ‘respectability’ not available to all. Some women also shared an increased capacity to live openly as sex workers while simultaneously considering their engagement in the industry to be temporary. Rather than living a double life, respondents aspired to a singular, authentic selfhood. Close relationships were built with co-workers and many women felt a strong sense of rootedness within sex-worker communities, with sex work becoming an important part of their identity.
Eating as a transgression: Multisensorial performativity in the carnal videos of mukbang (eating shows)
Authors: Kim Yeran
Published: June 2020

In analysing the issues of body and affect involved in the contemporary online culture including mukbang (eating shows), I propose the term ‘carnal videos’. Carnal videos are a constitutive part of the society of control in the digital environment. Through the operation of multisensorial significations in carnal videos, human networked affect is excessively expressed and experienced, along with its politico-ethical potentials of perseverance and differentiation. By exploiting and colonizing such potentials, however, human networked affect contributes to the platform companies’ ever growing capitalist drives towards the maximization of economic values. Several conflicting layers of transgression operate within mukbang. One layer involves transgression as an affective force of resistance and pleasure, the other layer involves transgression, or the control of transgression, in terms of accelerating and capturing human faculties as biolabour. These two contrasting aspects of transgression are characterized by the ambiguity, complexity, and dynamics embedded in the practice of carnal videos.
Anticipating and addressing the ethical implications of deepfakes in the context of elections
Authors: Diakopoulos Nicholas , Johnson Deborah
Published: June 2020

New media synthesis technologies are rapidly advancing and becoming more accessible, allowing users to make video and audio clips (i.e. deepfakes) of individuals doing and saying things they never did or said. Deepfakes have significant implications for the integrity of many social domains including that of elections. Focusing on the 2020 US presidential election and using an anticipatory approach, this article examines the ethical issues raised by deepfakes and discusses strategies for addressing these issues. Eight hypothetical scenarios are developed and used as the basis for this analysis, which identifies harms to voters who view deepfakes, candidates and campaigns that are the subjects of deepfakes, and threats to electoral integrity. Four potential forms of intervention are discussed with respect to multi-stakeholder responsibility for addressing harms, including education and media literacy, subject defense, verification, and publicity moderation.
NAD metabolism in aging and cancer
Authors: Kincaid John WR , Berger Nathan A
Published: June 2020

NAD+and its derivatives NADH, NADP+, and NADPH are essential cofactors in redox reactions and electron transport pathways. NAD serves also as substrate for an extensive series of regulatory enzymes including cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolases, mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, and sirtuin deacetylases which are O-acetyl-ADP-ribosyltransferases. As a result of the numerous and diverse enzymes that utilize NAD as well as depend on its synthesis and concentration, significant interest has developed in its role in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes, and therapeutic initiatives have focused both on augmenting its levels as well as inhibiting some of its pathways. In this article, we examine the biosynthesis of NAD, metabolic processes in which it is involved, and its role in aging, cancer, and other age-associated comorbidities including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. Therapeutic interventions to augment and/or inhibit these processes are also discussed.

Impact statement

NAD is a central metabolite connecting energy balance and organismal growth with genomic integrity and function. It is involved in the development of malignancy and has a regulatory role in the aging process. These processes are mediated by a diverse series of enzymes whose common focus is either NAD’s biosynthesis or its utilization as a redox cofactor or enzyme substrate. These enzymes include dehydrogenases, cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolases, mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferases, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, and sirtuin deacetylases. This article describes the manifold pathways that comprise NAD metabolism and promotes an increased awareness of how perturbations in these systems may be important in disease prevention and/or progression.
Incidence and mortality of cancer in the Volta Region of Ghana
Authors: Adadey Samuel M , Languon Sylvester , Ayee Richmond , Quansah Darius NK , Quaye Osbourne
Published: June 2020

In Ghana, majority of cancer studies have focused on only two main teaching hospitals. However, there is the need to study the disease burden from other parts of the country. This study was designed to review cancer cases recorded in major hospitals in the Volta Region of Ghana, with the aim of determining the incidence of cancers and cancer-related mortalities, and contribute to cancer data in the country. In-patient diagnosis data from 2012 to 2014 were collected from 21 hospitals in the Volta Region of Ghana. The data were entered and structured in Microsoft Excel and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and GraphPad Prism 6. Cervical, breast, liver, soft tissue, and prostate cancer were identified as the commonly diagnosed cancers in the Region. Socioeconomic factors such as poor educational background and occupation were associated with incidence of cancer in the study area. The incidence of cancer was determined to be approximately 9, 11, and 6 morbidities per 100,000 people in the years 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively, with liver cancer being the leading cause of deaths. Public awareness and screening efforts are thus needed to fight against cancer in the Volta Region, and Ghana as a whole. In addition, this study is an original report of cancers in the Volta Region of Ghana and underscores the need to report ethnic/population-specific frequencies to effectively evaluate the burden of cancer in the country.

Impact statement

Region-specific cancer reports are essential in knowing the common cancers in specific populations. This study reports all cancer types recorded in the major hospitals in the Volta Region of Ghana, a population that is sparsely captured in the national cancer registries. The study identified the common cancers as well as the death rates in the Volta Region, hence contributing to the national effort to report cancer data. Although not comprising all the elements of a cancer registry, our data will augment the effort of the two national cancer registries in Ghana to provide the national cancer reports.
Mechanistic Wager on Outcome in Coma After Cardiac Arrest: The EEG Signature in Burst Suppression Provides Some Clues
Authors: Lee Jong Woo
Published: June 2020

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An adhesive-aided ring spinning for improving cotton yarn quality with the aid of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution
Authors: Li Peiying , Guo Mingrui , Sun Fengxin , Gao Weidong
Published: June 2020

An adhesive-aided ring spinning was developed to improve cotton yarn quality through the wetting and adhesion effect of an adhesive solution, namely, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution on fibrous strand in yarn formation zone during spinning process. The spinning mechanism of the adhesive-aided ring spinning with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution was analyzed, and the effects of two factors, that is, speed ratio (the ratio of the linear surface velocity to the output speed) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose concentration, on the yarn performance are investigated. The experiment results reveal that the adhesive-aided ring spinning with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose concentration of 0.7% can significantly reduce yarn hairiness indicated by the hairiness S3 value reducing to 69% and still showing a prominent reduction (65%) after winding process. It has been found that a slightly faster linear surface velocity of the cylinder of the adhesive-aided ring spinning compared with the output speed of the yarn is more beneficial to the reduction of yarn hairiness S1+2 value. Meanwhile, the higher sodium carboxymethyl cellulose concentration also contributes to a higher breaking strength (increasing from 18.24 to 21.12 cN/tex) and lower breaking elongation (reducing from 4.98% to 4.08%). The abrasion resistance of adhesive-aided ring spun yarns also shows an obvious improvement of 12.8%. Therefore, the newly developed adhesive-aided ring spinning with the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution provides an effective method to enhance the quality of cotton yarns.
Applications of Legendre spectral collocation method for solving system of time delay differential equations
Authors: Khan Sami Ullah , Ali Ishtiaq
Published: June 2020

The numerical techniques are regarded as the backbone of modern research. In literature, the exact solution of time delay differential models are hardly achievable or impossible. Therefore, numerical techniques are the only way to find their solution. In this article, a novel numerical technique known as Legendre spectral collocation method is used for the approximate solution of time delay differential system. Legendre spectral collocation method and their properties are applied to determined the general procedure for solving time delay differential system with detail error and convergence analysis. The method first convert the proposed system to a system of ordinary differential equations and then apply the Legendre polynomials to solve the resultant system efficiently. Finally, some numerical test problems are given to confirm the efficiency of the method and were compared with other available numerical schemes in the literature.
Description of viscous dissipation in magnetohydrodynamic flow of nanofluid: Applications of biomedical treatment
Authors: Masood Sadaf , Farooq Muhammad , Ahmad Shakeel
Published: June 2020

Analysis regarding nanofluid is proved to be effective in the enhancement of heat transport features. Thus, the heat transfer problems involving nanofluid has gained much significance in biomedical procedures, such as drug targeting system, treatment of cancer, biotherapy, blood diagnostic and coagulation systems, and many others. Keeping this usefulness in mind, the current attempt is presented to analyze the features of viscous dissipation in hydromagnetic nanofluid flow through stretchable surface. Thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion phenomena are implemented to demonstrate the transportation of nanoparticles. Modified diffusive theory is accounted to address the transportation of heat and mass. Suitable transformations are used to get system of dimensionless governing equations. Approximate solutions are constructed by homotopic technique. Graphical behaviors of velocity, temperature, and particles concentration are described through different parameters. Skin friction is also studied explicitly. It is found that some extra effects of Brownian and thermophoresis diffusions are appeared by implementing modified theory of fluxes. Non-dimensional thermal relaxation time parameter causes reduction in temperature distribution while decrement concentration field is observed for higher non-dimensional solutal relaxation time parameter.