bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RELATION OF GENDER AND TRACK ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARD CONVERGENCE
Authors: Sya’bandari Yustika , Ha Minsu , Lee Jun-Ki , Shin Sein
Published: June 2019

Preparing a positive attitude toward convergence is essential to help students grow into future generations with the ability to solve various complex problems. This research aims to examine high school students' attitude toward convergence and the relation to gender and track. Responses from 1,186 Indonesian students in tenth (10th) and eleventh (11th) grade were purposively collected. Students were administered twenty-three items of attitude toward convergence covering five constructs: knowledge, personal relevance, social relevance, interest, and self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using IRT-Rasch analyses, two-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and cluster analyses. The primary finding of this research presented that high school students’ attitude toward convergence on the construct of interest and self-efficacy is significantly related to gender and track. Female students show to be more interested in convergence than male students. However, female students have lower self-efficacy. Additionally, science track students tend to be more interested in convergence than humanities track and showing higher self-efficacy. After performing cluster analysis, students are divided into three particular groups according to their attitude toward convergence. Finally, customized learning is proposed to improve students’ attitude toward convergence. Keywords: attitude toward convergence, female, humanities track, male, science track.
THE EFFECT OF USERS’ BEHAVIORAL INTENTION ON GAMIFICATION AUGMENTED REALITY IN STEM (GAR-STEM) EDUCATION
Authors: Su Chung-Ho
Published: June 2019

As people attach increasing importance to the learning environment and design of teaching materials in STEM, how to design teaching materials that enable students to seamlessly integrate the learning of scientific investigation, engineering design, mathematical reasoning, and technical skills has become increasingly important. The purpose of this research was to explore the behavioral intention of GAR-STEM teaching application users. The results showed that the best predictor of practicability, entertainment, and media interactivity for intention towards GAR-STEM app design was usage attitude (R2= 0.547), followed by intent to use (R2 = 0.528), practicability (R2 = 0.408), and entertainment (R2 = 0.186). The proposed model explained 52.8% of the variance in behavioral intention. The overall findings suggested that usage attitude and intent to use may augment its function as a key factor for the procedural intention toward GAR-STEM app design. Keywords: augmented reality, gamification apps, importance-performance matrix analysis, STEM education.
Blended Learning Model at Learning Evaluation Course (R & D research)
Authors: Ananda Rusydi
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this research is to develop a blended model of learning introduction to sociology. The learning model development is done using the method of research of R&D. The results of the validation team of experts concluded that the learning model designed meet the proper procedures and proper use. Based on the results of these feasibility tests then continued with the trial of individuals, small groups and trial tests of the field. Then conducted a test of the effectiveness of the model by comparing the results of a pretest and posttest were analyzed using t-test and it can be concluded that the product study materials giving real effect against student learning outcomes.
The Influence of Logical Intelligence of Mathematics and Soft Skills on Students’ Learning Outcomes of Introductory Economics Course
Authors: Thamrin Thamrin , Saragih Abdul Hasan , Sibuea Abdul Muin
Published: June 2019

The problem of education is relatively complex because many variables influence it. One of these factors is the characteristics (logical intelligence mathematics) and student Soft Skills. The phenomena that occur in the field, especially in the learning process of the lecturer/teacher, that they do not pay attention to the problems of logical intelligence of mathematics and student soft skills, so that the learning outcomes are not optimal. This study aims to determine the effect of logical intelligence of mathematics and soft skills on learning outcomes in students of introductory economics. This research method is the descriptive ex-post facto method. The population in this study were all students of the economic education department in Economics Faculty Unimed who were attending the introductory economics as many as 90 people. The data collected was analyzed using linear regression statistics with SPSS for windows. The results of this study indicate that logical intelligence of mathematics and soft skills have a positive and significant effect on student outcomes in the introductory economics course.
Obtención y determinación de la calidad de colorante a partir de las flores de Sangorache
Authors: Borja Mayorga Danielita Fernanda , Yungán Cazar Juan Carlos , Villota García Verónica Paola , Chuiza Rojas Marco Raúl , Brito Moina Lorenzo Hannibal
Published: June 2019

Se va a determinar el rendimiento de colorante natural obtenido a partir de las flores de Sangorache (Amaranthus quitensis),iniciando con la selección de las flores de la planta, mismas que deben estar libres de impurezas y contar con la madurez adecuada para su uso,  seguido del secado determinando así las variables del proceso a través de varias pruebas piloto en el laboratorio, siendo el secado por liofilización la mejor opción teniendo un rendimiento de 84,67% versus un 55,78 % presente en el secado por bandejas, posteriormente con la materia prima seca y pulverizada se procedió a la extracción por dos métodos; Soxhlet y por arrastre de vapor usando como solvente la mezcla de alcohol potable y agua destilada en proporción 2:1;  obteniéndose un concentrado del colorante que se analizó de forma organoléptica, bromatológica, microbiológica, físico-química,  cuyos resultados se compararon con la normativa oficial mexicana NOM-119-SSSA1-1994 para el compuesto principal que es la  Betanina, misma que le da el color conche de vino característico de ésta planta.
Diseño y construcción de un sistema de enfriamiento de agua para la torre de destilación de thinner
Authors: Borja Mayorga Danielita Fernanda
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de este proyecto fue diseñar y construir un sistema de enfriamiento para mejorar la eficiencia y el rendimiento de la torre de destilación de thinner del laboratorio de Operaciones Unitarias de la Escuela de Ingeniería Química de la ESPOCH. Se inició con el diagnóstico del estado de la torre de destilación de thinner para luego proceder con el diseño y construcción del sistema de enfriamiento de acuerdo a los requerimientos de la evaluación realizada por pruebas de laboratorio. Se planteó dos alternativas de diseño en base al tipo de refrigerante más eficiente durante el proceso de refrigeración y que sea amigable con el ambiente, se tomó en cuenta los refrigerantes 404a y 134a y por medio de un análisis de criterios se optó por la primera alternativa. El sistema de enfriamiento consta de un tanque evaporador construido con acero inoxidable 304, tuberías de cobre de 15 mm y láminas de aluminio para el condensador. Se utilizó un compresor y una bomba de Z¡ hp, también consta de un panel de control automático con sensor de temperaturas. Se obtuvo resultados muy aceptables, al reducir la temperatura en los condensadores se logró un aumento del rendimiento en el proceso, anteriormente sin el sistema implementado se consiguió 3 litros de thinner recuperado en un periodo de tiempo de 15 horas y con la implementación del sistema se alcanzó la meta de triplicar el thinner recuperado en el mismo tiempo. En conclusión los parámetros de diseño fueron óptimos para resolver la deficiencia que presentaba el equipo destilador de thinner.
Determinación de la reducción de concentración de cr+6 en muestras de agua de la curtiembre el nuevo mundo en la ciudad de Ambato utilizando la cabuya como biofiltro a diferentes longitudes
Authors: Santillán Quiroga Luis Miguel , Puente Guijarro Cesar Arturo , Osorio Rivera Miguel Ángel
Published: June 2019

Se fue determino la reducción de concentración de Cr+6 en muestras de agua de la curtiembre “El Nuevo Mundo” ubicada en la parroquia la Península, de la ciudad de Ambato utilizando la cabuya Furcraea Andina. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el laboratorio de Análisis Técnicos de la Facultad de Ciencias – ESPOCH. Se diseñaron dos biofiltros el primero con cabuya de longitud de 0,10 m y el otro con cabuya triturada tipo aserrín añadiendo a cada uno de ellos arena, piedra pómez y carbón activado, tomando muestras aleatorias de cada uno. Se realizó la caracterización física del agua inicial y final para determinar las concentraciones y el porcentaje de remoción en ambos tratamientos para los siguientes parámetros: Cr+6, pH, conductividad eléctrica, turbiedad y sólidos suspendidos, considerando que la empresa no realiza tratamiento a la descarga líquida antes de que esta ingrese al sistema de alcantarillado público. Cada uno de los biofiltros estaba compuesto por un tanque de almacenamiento conectado a una tubería con una llave de paso que permite el traslado del agua residual al bilofiltro y posteriormente al tanque de recolección del agua tratada. El tiempo de retención fue de tres horas. Se calculó el porcentaje de remoción para la longitud de 0,10 m de la cabuya, arrojándonos los siguientes valores: Cr+6 43 %, turbiedad 32%, sólidos suspendidos 27%, Conductividad eléctrica 7%.

Mientras que el porcentaje de remoción para la Cabuya triturada tipo aserrín nos arrojó los siguientes valores: Cr+6 67%, turbiedad 75 %, Solidos Suspendidos 37%, Conductividad eléctrica 4%.

Para el diseño experimental fue aplicado Anova de un factor para determinar si existen diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos empleados tanto para el Cr+6 como para la Conductividad, de donde se concluye que: ambos biofiltros presentan semejanzas significativas es decir son estadísticamente iguales. Para la remoción de turbiedad y sólidos suspendidos se obtuvo que el mejor tratamiento fue la cabuya triturada tipo aserrín. Y para el pH no existió diferencia significativa entre los dos tratamientos. Se recomienda investigar especies que contenga en su estructura mayor porcentaje de lignina.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre anticonceptivos de adolescentes de la etnia Shuar de la Comunidad de Shinkiatam. Taisha. Morona Santiago Ecuador 2017.
Authors: Rodas Mosquera Juan Enrique , Cobos Tobar Juana Karina , Villota Verdugo Laura Carolina
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación consideró determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre anticonceptivos de los adolescentes de la etnia Shuar de la Comunidad de Shinkiatam. Taisha  Morona Santiago. Ecuador 2017. El tipo de investigación fue cuantitativo descriptivo, el universo estuvo conformado por 71 adolescentes de la etnia Shuar de la Comunidad de Shinkiatam; para la recolección de datos se aplicó una encuesta validada por la Universidad Autónoma de Nicaragua y modificada de acuerdo a las condiciones del presente estudio, el procesamiento de datos se realizó con el programa SPSS versión 21, frecuencias y porcentajes fueron utilizados como estadísticos y la presentación de datos se hizo a través detablas en correspondencia con los objetivos. Los resultados evidenciaron que cerca del 60% de  adolescentes iniciaron su vida sexual, el 80% no utilizó protección en su primera relación; la fuente de información sobre anticonceptivos fue a través del colegio; la mayoría de los adolescentes tienen conocimientos regulares sobre conceptos, reacciones adversas, ventajas, desventajas, accesibilidad y conocimientos malos sobre el modo de uso de anticonceptivos; el 56,34% tiene actitudes favorables y el 57,5% tienen malas prácticas. Conclusión Es primordial mejorar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los adolescentes sobre el uso adecuado de anticonceptivos para evitar problemas futuros
Cuantificación de efluentes de aguas residuales del Camal Frigorífico Riobamba
Authors: Borja Danielita , Salazar Llangarí Karina , Brito Moina Hannibal
Published: June 2019

La determinación del flujo de efuente de las aguas residuales generadas en los procesos de faenamiento de ganado porcino, bovino y ovino realizado en el Camal Frigorífico Riobamba, mediante el empleo de técnicas para la recolección de muestras y métodos de laboratorio para su análisis, técnicas de medición de caudales en conductos abiertos, cerrados se evalúa la cantidad y calidad de agua residual producida. Los reportes de la caracterización indican que en el agua residual de cada proceso, los parámetros Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO), Demanda Biológica de Oxígeno (DBO5) y tensoactivos se encuentra comúnmente fuera del límite permisible según los lineamientos de la normativa ambiental del Acuerdo Ministerial 097A, la determinación de caudales de descarga a su vez reporta valores máximos de 22,95 m3/h y mínimos de 5,17 m3/h, la relación entre el consumo de agua y el tamaño del animal se ven reflejados en valores promedios de  0,26 m3 para porcinos, 0,67 m3 bovino y 0,17 m3 ovinos. Este departamento municipal maneja gran cantidad del recurso hídrico por lo que la generación de agua residual se atribuye a los requerimientos propios del proceso y al desperdicio ocasionado por el mal uso y manejo de las instalaciones, además la presencia de sangre, estiércol y grasas afectan la calidad de las mismas.
Construcción de un prototipo de amasadora e hiladora semiautomática para queso mozzarella y su valoración frente a la operación manual.
Authors: Mauricio Oleas Julio , Sémper Bayron Manuel , Almeida Manuel Enrique , Vaca Maritza Lucia , Bastidas Fabián Eduardo
Published: June 2019

Con la operación de hilado se busca dar al queso mozzarella ciertas características físicas, bioquímicas particulares de este tipo de producto. La presente investigación busca establecer ventajas de la utilización de una máquina semiautomático para el hilado de queso mozzarella frente al hilado manual con el fin de generar un impacto positivo en el productor sobre todo en los costos de operación. Se construyó el prototipo de la máquina semiautomática para el hilado, luego se realizó 25 repeticiones del proceso de hilado con la máquina y el mismo número mediante el proceso manual. Los resultados experimentales fueron evaluados mediante la prueba de t’Student para establecer diferencias entre el procedimiento semiautomático y el manual con un nivel de significancia de P<0.01. Se valoro el costo de la construcción de la máquina, tiempo de hilado, costos de energía y se contrasto con costos de mano de obra, tiempo de hilado en el proceso de hilado manual. La construcción del prototipo de hiladora busca optimizar los recursos económicos, sobre todo en el empleo del talento humano estimándose un ahorro 2.24 dólares al emplearse una sola persona en la operación frente a al empleo de 3 personas en la operación manual generando un ahorro del costo de producción.
Reparación laparoscópica de hernias ventrales y asociación con factores de riesgo
Authors: Gonzaga Aguilar Daniel , Rivera Macanchí Alberto , Ajila Vacacela José , Bayas Gutama Carlos , Feijoó Rosales María , Ruiz Cristhian Pintado , Solano Vélez Antonieta
Published: June 2019

Desde hace 6 años, varias de las reparaciones de hernias ventrales han sido por vía laparoscópica en el Hospital General de Machala, desde enero de 2012 hasta enero de 2018, este estudio es retrospectivo, analítico y observacional. Encontramos 123 casos en este periodo, siendo más frecuentes las hernias de tipo suprainfraumbilical, seguidas por las supraumbilical, infraumbilical y finalmente las laterales, 70.7% fueron de sexo masculino, el grupo de edad con el mayor porcentaje de presentación fue de 45 a 55 años en 48 pacientes, más de la mitad de los pacientes tenían seguro campesino, la complicación intraoperatoria más común fue la frecuencia del sangrado en incisión del trocar y la estancia intrahospitalaria postoperatoria fue de menos de 12 horas en el 70%. La reparación de las hernias ventrales po vía laparoscópica ha aumentado considerablemente en los últimos años, la mayoría de los pacientes fueron hombres, en su cuarta década de vida, pertenecientes al seguro campesino, el tiempo de estancia intrahospitalario postquirúrgico no fue mayor a 12 horas, lo que traducido a los costos es muy beneficioso para la institución, además se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la variable edad y estancia postoperatoria intrahospitalaria, al contrario de las demás asociaciones ejecutadas.
The Necessity and Challenges of Clinical Research Involving Children
Authors: Hussin ZAMH Zabidi
Published: June 2019

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.451-452
Old Home and Caring Elderly Population: Need or Dilemma
Authors: Islam Sharmin , Rahman Aminur , Mahmood Abu Kholdun Al , Mamun Abdullah Al , Khondoker Md Fahmid Uddin
Published: June 2019

Background: Number of elderly population is growing very faster all over the world. This growth in elderly population relative to other age groups challenges mostly the existing health services, family relationships and social security. In this article we tried to address the gravity of the issue at family, social and national level. We also examined the parents care scenario in Western World and Asian societies.

Observations and conclusions: Our observations revealed that old people from both West and Asia are interested to stay in their home with their children and grandchildren. This is a way to transmit there real life experience to their third generation (grand children) which, however, is very essential for the emotional, humane and psychological development of our future generation of the World. The present day capitalistic attitude is eroding the emotion and affection to the old and a big number of then end up in West and although smaller in Asian countries, but showed increasing trend, end up old homes. There are, however, situations where facilities needed for care of older people who lost their children and sometimes ailing people in native countries where their children living or settled aboard. Taking into consideration of the growing issue and empathic care of those facilities in such situations run following guidelines and ethical rules.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.453-457
Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (tBCCAO) of Rats as a Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Handayani Ety Sari , Susilowati Rina , Setyopranoto Ismail , Partadiredja Ginus
Published: June 2019

Background: Transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO) has been performed in rats as a model of global ischemia. However, the technique varied between laboratories and produced difficulties in the comparison of results. Variations such as rat strain, age, ischemic and reperfusion duration could affect the results. This review aims to provide a general overview of the variation of animal strains, duration of tBCCAO, reported cerebral ischemic area produced by tBCCAO, use of TTC staining for measurement of volume of brain ischemia and functional neurological tests.

Method: The data of this review were obtained from abstracts in PubMed database and Google Scholars and were not limited by publication time. Keywords used to search the abstracts were (BCCAO OR “bilateral common carotid artery occlusion” OR “stroke” OR “cerebral ischemia” OR “brain ischemia”) AND (rat OR rats). The research method of each study was identified from the collected abstracts. The abstracts were chosen for further study on the basis that they met the inclusion criteria which were English language articles; original research article; animal model used were adolescent, adult, and elderly rats; ischemic finding in rats’ cerebrum by BCCAO technique was presented; ischemic size were assessed and the result was described; studies that had control group; and studies that induced transient global ischemic to the rats’ cerebrum. Data that were extracted to the datasheet were references; animal model strain; ischemic duration; reperfusion duration; ischemic area; 2,3,5 Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining; Cavalieri method; and rats’ neurological functional tests.

Results and Conclusions: There were differences in the ischemic area between Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats after transient BCCAO. There were differences in the TTC staining solution concentration that was used to identify ischemic area of the brain following transient BCCAO. There was a very limited number of studies using Cavalieri method for the quantification of ischemic volume of rats’ brain after transient BCCAO. Neurological functional tests in animal models post transient BCCAO did not include sensory and memory functions tests.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.491-500
Cost-of-illness and its determinants for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh:
Authors: Afroz Afsana , Alam Khurshid , Alramadan Mohammed J , Hossain Md Nassif , Chowdhury Hasina Akhter , Ali Liaquat , Billah Baki
Published: June 2019

Background: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) all over the world and leading cause of death, disability, and economic loss. Diabetes imposes a heavy economic burden on individuals, their families and society as a whole. The aim of this study is to estimate the economic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladesh and to find association between glycemic control and Health Related Quality of Life with cost-of-illness (COI).

Methodology: This will be an analytical cross-sectional cost-of-illness study. Within a specific time period participants aged ≥18 years, registered with Bangladesh Diabetic Somiti and having type 2 diabetes for more than one year will be recruited from selected hospitals inside and outside Dhaka to cover all level of health care services. A pre-tested electronic questionnaire will be used for data collection. The questionnaire will include demographic, clinical, behavioral information of the participants and all cost related information related to diabetes management during last one year. Descriptive statistics will include mean (±SD) or median (percentile) or relative frequencies (percentage) depending on the data. Two samples independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-squared tests will be used for univariate analysis. The multivariable regression analysis and bootstrap method will also be employed to analyze the relationship between the total cost of care (dependent variable) and several potential explanatory variables (independent variables). Logistic regression analysis will be performed to assess the factors affecting glycemic control and health related quality of life (HRQoL). The calculated total cost-of-illness will be projected for T2DM in Bangladesh by a mathematical modelling.

Result & discussion: The results of the study will be useful as background information to forecast the economic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh and will be beneficial to conceptualize health strategies at national level. Furthermore, recognizing the factors of cost-of-illness will help both patients and health care providers to improve the management plan and cost control and hence, to have better quality of life. Evidence about the magnitude of the burden of T2DM is important for public health policymakers who are involved in making health care priorities and allocating scarce resources to facilitate the greatest benefits for type 2 diabetic people in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.501-507
Unusual anatomical variation in formation of sural nerve
Authors: Arquez Humberto Ferreira
Published: June 2019

Background: Sural nerve is formed by communication of medial sural cutaneous nerve, that arise from tibial nerve in popliteal fossa and peroneal communicating nerve, a branch directly from common peroneal nerve or from lateral sural cutaneous nerve.The objective of this study was described an unusual and few reported anatomical variation in formation of sural nerve.

Materials and Methods: The anatomical variation described was found during routine dissection performed by medical students of second semester in two maleembalbed adult cadavers of 75 and 65 years of age, respectivelyin the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona.

Results and Discussion: In the left lower limb, both medial sural cutaneous nerve, and lateral sural cutaneous nervewere absent. The sural nerve arose directly from the tibial nerve. It’s observed a communicating branch between tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve. In the right lower limb, lateral sural cutaneous nerve was absent. The sural nerve arose directly from the common peroneal nerve.Peroneal communicating nerve was considered as absent in the two cases.Motor fiber from sural nerve to gastrocnemius muscle was observed in both lower limbs

Conclusions:The knowledge of the sural nerve (normal anatomy and variations in origin and course) is important in evaluating of the patients, as well explaining the different clinical findings necessary for accuracy treatment.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.508-512
The effect of Ramadan fasting on sebum production: association with nutritional intakes and sleeping pattern
Authors: Rosmelia - , Setyopranoto Ismail , Hadi Hamam , Wirohadidjojo Yohanes Widodo
Published: June 2019

Background: Sebum production is associated with several factors including hormonal, and nutritional factors. Sleeping pattern could also affect changes in androgen levels associated with sebum production and acne. During Ramadan, moslems are obliged to fast from dawn to sunset, causing nutritional intake and sleeping pattern changes.

Objectives: This study was aimed to find association between nutritional intake and sleeping pattern during Ramadan with sebum production.

Methods: Ramadan fasting practitioners (40 male, mean age ±SD : 19.19±1.03 years) were evaluted before and 3 weeks into Ramadan fasting. Parameters assessed were nutrient intakes (using 24-hour food recalls), sleep quality and duration (using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and sleep diary. Sebum productions were measured using SebutapeR technique.

Results: Significant decreases were found in protein (p=0.014), total fat (p=0.031), milkshake(p=0.001) and cheese intakes (p=0.013). Glycemic load was also decreased significantly (p=0.006). Despite no reduction in total sleep duration, night sleep duration was significantly reduced during Ramadan (p=0.000) associated with more subjects with poor sleep quality (p=0.039). Sebum production was increased significantly during Ramadan (p=0.028)

Conclusion: Despite lower glycemic load and dairy products intakes, and lower sleep duration, Ramadan fasting was associated with increased sebum production. It was likely a result of circadian rhythm shift in sebaceous glands activities.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.546-551
Evaluation of Training Session Applying Gagne’s Events of Instructions
Authors: Islam Nurul , Salam Abdus
Published: June 2019

Background: This study explores the effectiveness of educator's training programs regarding the presentation, materials, facilities, relevance and usefulness of the training to the current employment and facilitator’s knowledge using Gagne’s event of instructions.

Method: A half day long training was conducted on September 2017 at reach of the two health care teaching institutes. At the end of training, evaluation was done and rated in 5 point Likert scale with 5 as the highest score. Participants agreed that the training was useful and relevant to their work.

Result: This study showed a positive perception of the learners which will help their job performance as well as the outcome of their dental teaching school and Gagne’s Events of Instructions can be used when conducting this type of training sessions.

Conclusion: Regular training program for staff development need to be carried out following a system approach with right mix of input and contents which process with right sequences of instructions to fill the gap between desired performance and actual staff performance.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.552-556
Effect of low-intensity laser radiation on hemostasis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Balabina Natalya M , Kalyagin Alexey N , Maksikova Tatyana M , Dulskiy Vadim A , Haptanova Valentina A , Zhigalova Olga V , Andreeva Larisa S
Published: June 2019

Objective. The study presents results of the low-intensity intravenous (IV) laser radiation effect on some indicators of the hemostasis system and respiratory function of 83 patients with a chronic lung disease (COPD), stable phase, II-III (after GOLD scale), including 51 men and 32 women. The average COPD duration was 9.6±4.4 years.

Materials and methods. All patients with COPD were randomly divided into 2 groups - comparison (30 people) and main (53 people). The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy people, matched by sex and age. Patients in the control group received only standard drug therapy with IGCC/DBA combination (budesonide/formoterol, salmeterol/fluticasone propionate inhalation at a therapeutic dose corresponding to the COPD clinical symptoms severity).

Result and Discussion. In addition to the basic treatment, the main group received a course of intravenous lowintensity laser radiation. As established before the treatment initiation, patients with COPD experienced a decrease in FEV1, Tiffno index, SaO2.

Conclusion. The respiratory function disruption was accompanied by a significant activation of plasma hemostasis ( prothrombin time shortening, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time) and a significant increase in platelet aggregation (increase in the aggregation degree, aggregation rate, decrease in the aggregation time). At the same time, in patients with COPD, a significant decrease in anticoagulant activity was observed before treatment, particularly antithrombin III decrease when compared with the control group (p <0.05) and CRP (main group: 0.86±0.02; control group: 0.85±0.02). The introduction of low-intensity laser radiation into the patients complex with COPD led to the these parameters normalization.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.586-592
Measuring Health related Quality of life and its determinants among physically disabled adults in Bangladesh
Authors: Eusufzai Sumaiya Zabin , Hossain Sardar Mahmud , Jamayet Nafij Bin , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: June 2019

The prime purpose of the study was to assess the quality of life of physically disabled adults attending at rehabilitation center in Dhaka city, Bangladesh and to determine the relationship of the type of disability, educational level and relationship with the family with quality of life.Participants were 500 adults with physical disabilities. Thestructured questionnaire consist of WHOQOL-BREF were used as research instruments. When dividing the participants into three groups according to the level of total QOL score, in physical domain majority (96.2%) had fair level QOL score. In psychological domain veryfew(5.4%) had poor level and more than half (53.2%) had fair level QOL score and rest of them had good QOL score (41.4%). more than one third (37.2%) and nearly half(47.0%) had fair and good level respectively whereas rest of them (15.8%) had poor level of QOL in Social domain. In environmental domain a minimum number(3.8%) had poor QOL score but almost half (43.6%) and more than half (52.6%) had fair and good level of QOL score. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of WHOQOL-BREF was adequate (0.914) for all 26 questions and for each domain the values are: Physical health domain (0.812), Psychological health domain (0.831), Social relationship domain (0.68) and Environmental health domain (0.78). Statistically significant correlations present between all domains. Mean and percentage of satisfaction rating in DOM1, DOM2 and DOM3 and DOM4 was higher in males than females. There were significant differences found in WHOQOL-BREF score between different education level group, different marital statusgroup,different employment statusgroup, differentincome level group, relationship with family, utilization of primary rehabilitation in four domains and total of WHOQOL-BREF (P < 0.05). multiple linear regression observed that education level and utilization of primary rehabilitation center is most important factor that affects QOL of study population in total and four domains of WHOQOL.The findings from this study confirm that the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire is a reliable instrument to measure quality of life in disable adults. From the data, it appears that Bangladeshi disable adults have WHOQOL-BREF scores that might be considered to indicate a fair level of quality of life.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.607-614
Status of Vitamin D by measuring 25 - Hydroxyvitamin D level in Dhaka City
Authors: Afrin Syeda Fahmida , Rahman Md Hasanur , Bari Kaniz Fatima , Mahmood Abu Kholdun Al
Published: June 2019

Background and aims: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with skeletal as well as extraskeletal diseases. Aim of this study was to find out the status of Vitamin D level in a densely populated area like Dhaka.

Method: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital in Kallyanpur, Dhanmondi Ibn Sina Hospital and Ibn Dina Diagnostic Laboratory in Dhanmondi. Total 500 subjects who went for vitamin D assay were included in this study. Serum Vitamin D (25 - Hydroxyvitamin D) levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay method. The respondents were divided in 4 age groups: ( 0-20) years, (21-40) years, (41-60) years and (61-rest) years. Data were presented by frequency distribution tables & graphs.

Result: Out of the 500 respondents, 10.6% were in 0-20 age group, 30.8% were in 21-40 age group, 41.2% were in 41-60 age group and 17.4% were in 61-rest age group respectively. Mean age of total study subjects was 43.7 years. Male and female ratio was 33.2:66.8. Of the total 218(43.8%) participants had deficient level, 187(37.2%) had insufficient level, 90(18%) had sufficient level and only 5(1%) had toxic level of vitamin D.

Conclusion: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed in 41 to 60 years age group people and female are more suffered than male. That’s why vitamin D status screening in this age group should be a routine test.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.624-627
Efficacy of Postpartum Furosemide Therapy on Blood Pressure Recovery in Patients with Severe Preeclampsia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Dabaghi Talat , Shariati Mona , Laluha Fatemeh , Movahhed Farideh , Barikani Ameneh
Published: June 2019

Background: Hypertensive disorders are an important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, and severe preeclampsia is the most common cause [Baha M. Sibia, AJOG (2012)]. The blood pressure rises progressively during the first 5 days after delivery, and it is due to mobilization of 6-8 liters of liquid, and 950 meq of accumulated sodium,from interstitial and extravascular space to intravascular space[Davison JM and Dunlop W, Seminars in Nephrology,4:198–207 (1984)].Severe rising of blood pressure may lead to complications, such as renal failure, pulmonary edema, eclampsia, intracranial hemorrhage, stroke, coma and death [Baha M. Sibia, AJOG (2012)].Therefore, postpartum anti-hypertensive therapy can prevent these complications and diminishes maternal mortality and morbidity rate.

Objective: This investigation was done to evaluate whether a short course of postpartum furosemide therapy in patients with severe preeclampsia accelerates blood pressure recovery, reduces antihypertensive drugs usage, prevents complications such as eclampsia and finally diminishes hospitalization.

Study design: In a randomized clinical trial, 90 patients with severe preeclampsia participated. After spontaneous onset of diuresis and discontinuation of sulfate magnesium, patients were randomly allocated to receive either no therapy or 20 mg oral furosemide daily for five days with oral potassium supplementation. Postpartum blood pressure, the need for antihypertensive therapy, rate of complications and duration of hospitalization between treatment and control groups were compared.

Results: Mean systolic blood pressure on the third day after delivery was not different significantly between treatment and control groups(127.9±10.2 compared with 130 ± 11.5 mm-Hg, P=0.36). Mean diastolic blood pressure on the third day after delivery was not different between two groups. Patients in treatment group required less antihypertensive therapy during hospitalization (26.7% compared with 33.3%, P=0.64) but the difference was not significant. Eclampsia occurred in two patients in control group and not occurred in treatment group. Duration of hospitalization was not affected by the intervention.

Conclusion: Brief postpartum furosemide therapy in patients with severe preeclampsia may not be effective in postpartum blood pressure recovery and reducing the need for antihypertensive therapy. It may be useful to prevent complications such as eclampsia. Duration of hospitalization was not affected by the intervention.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.636-640
Riviu sistematis sikap guru terhadap pendidikan inklusif
Authors: Kurniawati Farida , Prihandini Sulistami
Published: June 2019

Teachers’ attitude is an important factor that influences the quality of the implementation of inclusive education. The quality of inclusive education is part of the quality of education in general in a country. The quality of education of countries around the world is measured by the United Nations using the Human Development Index and placing countries in the very high, high, medium, and low categories. Systematic review was carried out to  get an idea of ​​the attitudes of teachers towards inclusive education and the factors that influence it in countries based on the HDI category. By using three electronic search engines for academic data, namely EBSCOhost, ProQuest, and Taylor & Francis Online, 18 articles reporting teacher attitudes towards inclusive education in various countries were discussed. The results found that there were no differences in teacher attitudes towards inclusive education between countries with very high and high HDI categories with countries in the moderate HDI category. Knowledge of children with disabilities and teaching experiences of these children is known to influence the attitudes of teachers towards inclusive education in countries with all HDI categories. The support from community, the availability of professional assistance, and the length of the implementation of inclusive education are factors that influence the attitudes of teachers in very high and high HDI categories countries, while the negative perception of disability makes teachers held negative attitudes towards inclusive education. Recommendations for improving the review of this topic are discussed in this study
Implementation Principles for 30 km/h Speed Limits and Zones
Authors: Karndacharuk Auttapone , McTiernan David
Published: June 2019

In the context of the Safe System approach for harm minimisation where fatal and serious injuries are not accepted as inevitable costs of mobility in any transport system, there is an increasing need to consider implementing speed limits within the biological tolerance of road users. The need to implement speed limits lower than 40 km/h in an urban area with high pedestrian movement and activity has been recognised by an Australian state road agency. Through a literature review, stakeholder consultation with road transport agencies in Australia and New Zealand and a Safe System analysis, this paper presents the development of guiding principles in implementing 30 km/h speed limits and zones in Australasia. The implementation principles have been developed to inform a revision of the existing speed zoning guidelines and its applications within the jurisdiction, which are also applicable elsewhere across Australasia and internationally.
Road user perception of safety at Safe System intersections
Authors: Stokes Christopher , Raftery Simon , Woolley Jeremy
Published: June 2019

This study examined driver perceptions of safety at metro and regional intersections with different types of control. Data were collected using an on-line survey with 696 participants drawn from the Royal Automobile Association of South Australia’s Member Panel. Results demonstrate a greater perception of safety associated with the use of roundabouts, yet a reduced perception of safety associated with a lesser known Safe System aligned design of raised plateaus, suggesting a need for greater public awareness of the benefits of less well-known treatments.
Validation of a driving simulator for research into human factors issues of automated vehicles
Authors: Tomasevic Nebojsa , Horberry Tim , Fildes Brian
Published: June 2019

This study evaluated the behavioural validity of the Monash University Accident Research Centre automation driving simulator for research into the human factors issues associated with automated driving. The study involved both on-road and simulated driving. Twenty participants gave ratings of their willingness to resume control of an automated vehicle and perception of safety for a variety of situations along the drives. Each situation was individually categorised and ratings were processed. Statistical analysis of the ratings confirmed the behavioural validity of the simulator, in terms of the similarity of the on-road and simulator data.
Tractrix Trajectory with Slip Steering
Authors: Brell Edward , Thambiratnam David
Published: June 2019

The tractrix curve, sometimes called the pursuit curve has long been the standard used to describe the path of a pig trailer behind a prime mover. This ideal path still has validity today provided the speed is very low and the trailer is unloaded. During a common phenomenon of snaking or fishtailing, the trailer sways back and forth in relation to the prime mover centreline axis. Often regarded as the nightmare of caravanning, the action does not follow the tractrix curve but follows a shorter path to the common centreline of prime mover and trailer. This paper explores the shorter path in response to a tyre reaction to centripetal force causing slip steer. An example derived by drafting progression steps to
how quantitatively that speed causes early cross-over carrying more energy into the next fishtailing phase is presented. It is believed the inclusion of slip steering to modify a tractrix curve is a novel development.
Legal Identificatino of Administrtive Procedure
Authors: KOLPAKOV VALERII , KOLOMOІETS TETIANA
Published: June 2019

Creation of the new court jurisdiction in Ukraine represented by administrative procedure gave rise to the relevant areas of scientific research, many of which are concerned with its legal identification and correlation with long-established legal categories. The analysis shows that differences in jurists’ opinions are an indication of the pressing scientific issue, addressing which will stimulate ongoing comprehension of the essential characteristics of the judicial appeal against acts and omissions by public authorities.
Accordingly, the aim of this research is to carry out the legal identification of administrative procedure by showing its relation to the subject of administrative law and administrative proceeding.
This has been done by examining the opinions of administrative law scholars on interpretation and correlation of such concepts as administrative procedure, subject of administrative law, administrative proceeding as well as their views on the norms of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine and provisions of other norms and regulations.
It has been emphasized that renovation of the Ukrainian administrative law and formation of its modern paradigm are inextricably linked with the number of factors which include theoretical and practical findings in the sphere of administrative procedure, efficiency of the scientific support for the reforms of the administrative and legal institutions, establishing the patterns of their reformation, legal review of the actions being taken, as well as providing legal grounding for political and philosophical developments, along with generating legislative and organizational initiatives.
This research also argues that administrative procedure is a fundamental component of the subject matter of administrative law and an integral part of the administrative proceeding.
As a result of this, the authors conclude that administrative procedure, being of administrative and legal nature, constitutes the part of the subject matter of administrative law and administrative proceeding. It is therefore proposed that administrative proceeding be defined as an umbrella term for the regulatory activities of public administration in relation to exercising their authority.
Категорія протиправності в доктрині адміністративного судочинства
Authors: ЛУК’ЯНЕЦЬ ДМИТРО
Published: June 2019

Формування доктрини адміністративного судочинства є процесом, який перебуває у постійному розвитку, одним із його завдань є створення відповідного понятійно-категоріального апарату. Одна з центральних категорій адміністративного судочинства – протиправність. Вона як окреме правове явище в Кодексі адмі ністративного судочинства України (КАС України) не визначається, проте ознака протиправності рішень, дій або бездіяльності є основною при формулюванні вимог позивача при зверненні за захистом до адміністративного суду, з одного боку, та при формулюванні рішення адміністративного суду – з другого. Тому правильне розуміння змісту протиправності у контексті завдань адміністративного судочинства є надзвичайно важливим. Фактично в межах діяльності адміністративного суду щодо розгляду та вирішення адміністративних справ саме протиправність рішень, дій або бездіяльності суб’єктів владних повноважень є центральним елементом предмета доказування. Метою статті є визначення змісту категорії протиправності в адміністративному судочинстві, висвітлення її значення, а також видової різноманітності у контексті різних видів предмета публічно-правових спорів, переданих на вирішення адміністративного суду. На основі аналізу підстав прийняття рішень адміністративним судом показано, що протиправність в адміністративному судочинстві являє собою властивість рішень, дій або бездіяльності суб’єкта владних повноважень, що відображає їх невідповідність формальним вимогам законів та інших нормативно-правових актів, принципу верховенства права або практиці Європейського суду з прав людини (ЄСПЛ), що призводить до порушення прав, свобод або інтересів фізичних осіб чи прав та інтересів юридичних осіб. Протиправність визначається залежно від параметра суб’єкта владних повноважень чи його діяльності, вона може мати формальний, компетенційний, процесуальний (процедурний) або концептуальний характер. Розглянуті особливості визначення протиправності у випадках застосування адміністративними судами принципу верховенства права, а також практики ЄСПЛ. Обґрунтовано точку зору щодо недоцільності визнання протиправною бездіяльності суб’єкта владних повноважень у випадках, коли адміністративна справа вирішується на підставі аналогії.