bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transkreacja w przekładzie melicznym
Authors: Mastela Olga
Published: October 2021

Artykuł prezentuje analizę twórczych tłumaczeń melicznych pióra Wojciecha Młynarskiego przeprowadzoną w celu ukazania transkreacyjnego podejścia tego autora do przekładu wybranych piosenek francuskich wykonywanych oryginalnie przez Charles’a Aznavoura. Młynarski okazuje się być prawdziwym mistrzem transkreacji w rozumieniu tego pojęcia, jakie zaproponowane zostało w latach 60. XX wieku przez brazylijskiego uczonego i tłumacza, Haroldo de Camposa (1929–2003). W niniejszym artykule na przykładzie analizy kontrastywnej wybranych tekstów piosenek w ich wersjach oryginalnych i przekładach pióra Młynarskiego podjęto próbę pokazania, w jaki sposób na kanwie francuskich tekstów oraz muzyki polski poeta i szansonista stworzył nowe teksty często obfitujące w zupełnie inne aluzje kulturowe niż te obecne w wersjach oryginalnych. Zachowując dominantę meliczną piosenek, Młynarski modyfikował warstwę semantyczną w celu dostosowania utworów do odbiorców docelowych, co dowodzi, że był świadomy również wartości marketingowej swych tłumaczeń, a więc cechy branej pod uwagę także w dzisiejszym rozumieniu usługi transkreacyjnej jako celowej adaptacji, uwzględniającej realia społeczno-kulturowe oraz sferę emocjonalną docelowych odbiorców, a także specyfikę rynku docelowego.
Radical Communication Types in William H. Gass’s "The Tunnel"
Authors: Sushko Sergii
Published: October 2021

Radical communication largely characterizes W. H. Gass’s The Tunnel. The novel incorporates many forms of radical speech and thought, it unfolds a number of radically charged issues of public and private life. It features a multitude of innovative experimental techniques and, in many instances, it demonstrates predominance of language and form over the content. In this paper, we have ascertained that the authenticity and multitude of radical communication forms in the said novel can essentially be grasped in terms of disjointing the Ich-Erzähler’s narrative voice and the authorial one. It has been ascertained that the sincerity in narrative largely governs its radical content while the book’s radical composition and radical language and style form the second set of the radical communication styles in the novel, reflecting Gass’s bent on experimental fiction.
In the paper, the following radical communication style varieties have been singled out:  “breaking the narrative monotony,” “hate intensifying,” “filial unwillingness to forgive,” “revulsion invoking,” “provoking indecipherability/unreadability,” “accentuated total criticism,” or “downgrading metanarratives,” “ambivalent portrayal of the war and Holocaust,” “pictorial communication style,” “communication style of radically structured composition,” “communication style of verbal adornment,” “embellishment,” “conceit” (as a figure of speech).
Weekendowe warsztaty naukowe jako wartość dodana w kształceniu językowym
Authors: Buczek-Zawiła Anita Agnieszka
Published: October 2021

Artykuł omawia potencjalne korzyści odnoszone przez uczestników periodycznych weekendowych warsztatów naukowych w zakresie dydaktyki języka angielskiego prowadzonych w ramach Małopolskiej Chmury Edukacyjnej. Poza intensywnym doskonaleniem warsztatu językowego w wybranych zakresach tematycznych, uczestnicy otrzymują pewne wartości dodane, merytoryczne oraz w ramach rozwijania umiejętności personalnych. Intensywny trening wymowy to podstawowa merytoryczna, korzyść dodatkowa, zwłaszcza, że ten aspekt języka jest zwyczajowo pomijany w szkolnej edukacji językowej. Wprowadzenie i ćwiczenie elementów samooceny, praca zespołowa oraz konstruktywna informacja zwrotna - a zatem elementy interakcyjne, bez których opanowanie języka obcego nie jest możliwe - to kolejne z omawianych wartości dodanych. O ile skuteczność instruktażu fonetycznego jest udokumentowana badaniem w oparciu o przeprowadzone testy wejścia oraz wyjścia, to już trafność autoewaluacji jest wątpliwa, co pokazuje analiza odpowiedzi uczestników. O potrzebie trenowania pozostałych umiejętności świadczą zarówno reakcje oraz zaangażowanie uczestników, jak i opinie towarzyszących im opiekunów.
Wokół gramatyki sensu
Authors: Ozga Krzysztof
Published: October 2021

Artykuł prezentuje koncepcję tzw. gramatyki sensu zaproponowanej przez A. Awdiejewa i G. Habrajską w ich najnowszej monografii. Artykuł porusza m.in. takie zagadnienia jak: redefinicja tekstu jako parafrazy, postawa naturalna i analityczna w badaniach nad komunikacją, zależności pomiędzy dyskursem a mechanizmami interpretacyjnymi, procedury transkrypcji sensu, struktura słownika komunikacyjnego, metody analizy tekstów publicystycznych, nieleksykalne środki językowe wskazujące na komponenty sensu. Autor artykułu polemizuje z zawartą w monografii propozycją zanegowania konceptualnego wierzchołka trójkąta semiotycznego, wskazuje na potrzebę uwzględnienia procesów konfabulacyjnych w interpretacji eksperymentów z zakresu parafrazownia i zwraca uwagę na konieczność konsekwentnego oddzielenia planu treści od planu wyrażenia w procedurze transkrypcji sensu, np. z wykorzystaniem założeń modelu składni eksplikacyjnej A. Kiklewicza i M. Korystkowskiej.
Effects of a natural precipitation gradient on fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages in coastal streams
Authors: Kinard Sean , Patrick Christopher J. , Carvallo Fernando
Published: October 2021

Anthropogenic climate change is expected to increase the aridity of many regions of the world. Surface water ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to changes in the water-cycle and may suffer adverse impacts in affected regions. To enhance our understanding of how freshwater communities will respond to predicted shifts in water-cycle dynamics, we employed a space for time approach along a natural precipitation gradient on the Texas Coastal Prairie. In the spring of 2017, we conducted surveys of 10 USGS-gauged, wadeable streams spanning a semi-arid to sub-humid rainfall gradient; we measured nutrients, water chemistry, habitat characteristics, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish communities. Fish diversity correlated positively with precipitation and was negatively correlated with conductivity. Macroinvertebrate diversity peaked within the middle of the gradient. Semi-arid fish and invertebrate communities were dominated by euryhaline and live-bearing taxa. Sub-humid communities contained environmentally sensitive trichopterans and ephemeropterans as well as a variety of predatory fish which may impose top-down controls on primary consumers. These results warn that aridification coincides with the loss of competitive and environmentally sensitive taxa which could yield less desirable community states.
Shifts from cis-to trans-splicing of five mitochondrial introns in Tolypanthus maclurei
Authors: Yu Runxian , Sun Chenyu , Liu Ying , Zhou Renchao
Published: October 2021

Shifts from cis-to trans-splicing of mitochondrial introns tend to correlate with relative genome rearrangement rates during vascular plant evolution, as is particularly apparent in some lineages of gymnosperms. However, although many angiosperms have also relatively high mitogenomic rearrangement rates, very few cis-to trans-splicing shifts except for five trans-spliced introns shared in seed plants have been reported. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the mitogenome of Tolypanthus maclurei, a hemiparasitic plant from the family Loranthaceae (Santalales). The mitogenome was assembled into a circular chromosome of 256,961 bp long, relatively small compared with its relatives from Santalales. It possessed a gene content of typical angiosperm mitogenomes, including 33 protein-coding genes, three rRNA genes and ten tRNA genes. Plastid-derived DNA fragments took up 9.1% of the mitogenome. The mitogenome contained one group I intron (cox1i729) and 23 group II introns. We found shifts from cis-to trans-splicing of five additional introns in its mitogenome, of which two are specific in T. maclurei. Moreover, atp1 is a chimeric gene and phylogenetic analysis indicated that a 356 bp region near the 3′ end of atp1 of T. maclurei was acquired from Lamiales via horizontal gene transfer. Our results suggest that shifts to trans-splicing of mitochondrial introns may not be uncommon among angiosperms.
“Los intocables”: la educación escolar de las élites, sus privilegios y nuevos escenarios Josefa Barrera
Authors:   Universidad Alberto Hurtado (Chile), Barrera Josefa , Falabella Alejandra ,   Universidad Alberto Hurtado (Chile), Ilabaca Tomás ,   Universidad de Lovaina (Bélgica)
Published: October 2021

La educación de las élites en el contexto chileno constituye un terreno escasamente estudiado, aunque ha emergido de forma incipiente en los últimos años. El principal objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una revisión bibliográfica sistemática de los principales hallazgos de investigaciones internacionales y nacionales que abordan la educación escolar de las élites. Para esta revisión, se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de Web of Science, Scopus y Scielo, entre los años 2008 a 2018, sumado a otros documentos y libros relevantes. En total, se examinaron 104 textos. Los principales resultados muestran los mecanismos de (re) producción de privilegios y de cierre social en la educación de las élites. No obstante, en el hermetismo de este segmento educativo, han emergido pequeñas aperturas en sus modelos de socialización, gatilladas por la globalización, la intensificación de la competencia de los mercados educativos, la reconfiguración de los discursos sobre el mérito y privilegio, y la demanda por una mayor inclusión e igualdad. El artículo concluye respecto de la necesidad de fortalecer una agenda de investigación en el área en Chile, así como abrir el debate sobre políticas educativas en este sector.
En busca de una teología de la vocación en diálogo con Karl Rahner
Authors:   Departamento de Teología - Antofagasta, Universidad Católica del Norte, Rojas Hernán
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo busca comprender teológicamente el fenómeno de la vocación a partir del pensamiento de Karl Rahner. El teólogo alemán aborda la vocación como el conocimiento de un individuo de que una forma de vida es conforme a la voluntad divina para él. El recorrido por diversas áreas de su teología fundamenta y profundiza esta comprensión. El ser humano es un oyente agraciado de la Palabra, que le es dicha personalmente en lo más íntimo de sí y en Jesucristo. A esa Palabra responde el ser humano libremente mediante sus actos, que definen su identidad de manera definitiva y de cara a Dios. Los cristianos realizan su vocación, así, en un seguimiento particular de Jesús, propio de cada persona. Aunque las vocaciones se orientan siempre a la comunidad de la Iglesia, esto no excluye la posibilidad de conflictos entre carisma e institución.
«Filius et seruus tuus». Solicitud pastoral y controversia eclesiológica en el libro XV del Contra Faustum de Agustín de Hipona
Authors:   Facultad de Teología, Pontificia Universidad de Comillas, D'Andrea Bruno Nicolás
Published: October 2021

Con el presente artículo pretendo mostrar que la obra Contra Faustum Manichaeum de Agustín de Hipona merece ser estudiada a partir de una aproximación eclesiológica y no sólo bajo el aspecto exegético o teológico como se suele hacer. Para ello, intentaré analizar la estructura y el contenido del libro XV, mostrando que se trata una disputatio en torno a un título eclesiológico reivindicado por ambas partes. Finalmente, trataré de poner de manifiesto la imagen eclesiológica que Agustín propone, así como también el lenguaje de la solicitud pastoral que emplea con el fin de reivindicar su ejercicio del ministerio episcopal, que miraba especialmente a cuidar la catequesis, el anuncio del mensaje cristiano y especialmente la protección de la simplex fides de los creyentes de su comunidad.
Urinary Tract Infection- Knowledge and Habitual Practices among Adolescent Girls Residing in College Hostel of Mangaluru, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sequera Sonia KarenLiz , Chacko Leena Kunnath , Pereira Priya Sweety
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common infection among female adolescents, causing significant distress in the hospital or community settings. Most of the issues related to UTI could be prevented by adequate knowledge and safe habitual practices. Within the context of reproductive health services, nurses or nursing students being healthcare providers are typically expected to have knowledge on the causes of UTI, methods of preventing and managing such conditions and teaching the same to young girls and women. Education provided to women, particularly adolescents, by nurses and by trainers who have relevant experience and knowledge may ensure proper hygiene practices. Aim: To determine the level of knowledge, expressed habitual practice among 82 adolescent girls of a selected nursing college hostel. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between June 2019 and December 2019. Tools included structured questionnaire on knowledge of UTI and a rating scale on expressed habitual practice on UTI prevention. All the 82 students of 1st BSc Nursing from the study institute were recruited. Adolescent girls who have undergone training on prevention of UTI in nursing curriculum and who had congenital defects of urinary system were excluded from the study. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 18.69±0.46 years. Total 13.4% experienced UTI in their life time. In terms of overall knowledge score, out of 82 subjects, around 40.2% had average (scoring between 8-10 out of 14) and few (28%) had good knowledge (≥11) on UTI prevention. In terms of overall expressed habitual practice, majority (53.7%) had average practice (score between 26-33 out of 46) whereas, 4.9% had unsafe practice (score ≤25). The Karl Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.1 and showed weak positive correlation between knowledge and expressed habitual practice. Association was found between experience of UTI p-value<0.001 and expressed habitual practice. Conclusion: Pooled results showed overall knowledge and expressed habitual practice was average and safe. Healthcare professionals, especially primary care givers such as nurses and nursing students, have the responsibility to broadcast proper information about UTI so that women/adolescents can identify the causes, risk factors, symptoms of UTI in early stages thereby preventing the mortality and morbidity related to UTI.
Stress, Depression, Coping Strategy and Respiratory Health Status of Traffic Police at Anand District, Gujarat, India
Authors: Krishnamurthy Deepak , Sharma Anil Kumar
Published: October 2021

Introduction: There is lot of stress and stress associated mental illness among the traffic police fraternity. Many environmental factors are responsible for this development. Measurement of the stress levels and implementation of coping strategies are very important to maintain the health of the traffic police. Aim: To assess the level of stress, depression, coping strategy and respiratory health status of traffic police at Anand district, Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study including 100 participants was conducted by the Department of Mental Health Nursing, Manikaka Topawala Institute of Nursing, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand District, Gujarat, India from December 2019 to February 2020. Validated tool Job Stress Scale, standardised tool beck depression inventory, coping strategy scale were used to assess the level of stress, depression and coping strategy respectively. Spirometer was used to assess respiratory function. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software version 20.0 and Spirometry Longitudinal Data Analysis (SPIROLA) software version 3.0.3. Results: The study reveals that majority (69%) of the traffic police were facing extreme stress, 11% of traffic police were suffering from mild mood disorder, 73% were having adequate coping skills, 88% were non smokers and 97% traffic police were not using any substances, 65% demonstrated expiratory Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) of 2.6%-3.5%, 66% demonstrated 2.6%-3.5% Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), 76% experienced 96-100 FEV1/FVC ratio1, 53% experienced 6%-8% peak expiratory flow. Pulmonary function test found to be normal however, it is declined in smokers comparative to non smokers. Conclusion: The study concludes that stress and depression were observed in traffic police which they were managing with adaptive coping strategy. However, pulmonary function is found normal in comparing to predictive value, necessary precautions need to be taken by Traffic Police Department by offering protective device like mask to decrease the respiratory health issues.
Wild Mushroom Diversity of Rairangpur Forest Division, Odisha, India & Its Medicinal Uses
Authors: Mishra Arun Kumar , Mishra Sweta , Rathore Shruti , Naik Vinay , Patil Usha , Kumar Sanjeet
Published: October 2021

Aims: Rairangpur forest division, Mayurbhanj, Odisha is a hub of diverse floral and faunal species. Apart from flora and fauna, it has a rich diversity of fungal species.  The present study highlights the diversity of macro fungi with special reference to its medicinal and economic values available in Rairangpur Forest Division, Odisha.

Place and Duration of Study: Field surveys were carried out at regular intervals (Pre monsoon and Post monsoon) in Rairangpur Forest Division during 2019-2020.

Results: Mushroom samples were collected and then identified with the help of standard available literatures and books. 99 wild mushroom species belonging to 56 genera of 37 families were noted.

Conclusion: It was found that 41 species were edible in which 15 mushrooms were consumed by different tribal communities in the study area. The rest species are poisonous or bitter in taste and further research on them could lead to isolate some bioactive compounds which could be a better preventive against many lethal diseases.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Cyclization/Phosphorylation of gem‐Dibromoolefins with P(O)H Compounds: Synthesis of Phosphorylated Heteroaromatics
Authors: Chen Chen , Ding Jie , Liu Liying , Huang Yujie , Zhu Bolin
Published: October 2021

We presented a palladium‐catalyzed domino cyclization/phosphorylation of gem‐dibromoolefins, which utilize H‐phosphinates and secondary phosphine oxides as the phosphine sources, respectively. A variety of phosphorylated heteroaromatics were obtained in moderate to good yields with wide functional group compatibility. This one‐pot reaction enables multiple bond‐forming events including C−X (X=O, N, S) and C−P bonds using easily available starting materials. Moreover, this protocol can be easily applied to large‐scale preparation and late‐stage functionalization.

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Visible‐Light‐Mediated Synthesis of Sulfonyl Fluorides from Arylazo Sulfones
Authors: Bui Tien Tan , Tran Van Hieu , Kim Hee‐Kwon
Published: October 2021

Sulfonyl fluorides are useful motifs for a wide range of applications in organic synthesis including sulfur (VI) fluoride exchange‐based “click chemistry.” Herein, a visible‐light‐mediated synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides from arylazo sulfones is described. In the present study, K2S2O5 and N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) were used as the sulfonyl source and fluorinating agent, respectively, for visible‐light‐mediated fluorosulfonylation of arylazo sulfones to prepare various sulfonyl fluorides in 60–85% yield. This protocol is a synthetic approach to provide useful sulfonyl fluoride structures at room temperature.

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Evaluation of drought tolerance in different genotypes of foxtail millet during the entire growth period
Authors: Xiao Jibing , Sun Zhanxiang , Chen Guoqiu , Liu Zhi , Xin Zongxu , Kong Fanxin
Published: October 2021

Drought significantly affects foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] yield, and its adverse effects can be mitigated via genetic improvement to generate drought‐tolerant varieties. This study aimed to screen drought‐tolerant materials and genes in foxtail millet germplasm resources to improve the efficiency of breeding for drought tolerance. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized incomplete block design (α‐lattice design) and repeated thrice with 30 foxtail millet genotypes treated under drought stress or normal water supply (control) for 2 yr. The agronomic traits and drought tolerance coefficient (DC) of each genotype were assessed during the entire growth period. The soil water environment and genotype significantly affected the indices. Moreover, the interaction between genotype and soil water environment significantly affected the growth traits of foxtail millet. A genotype plus genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot revealed mixed correlations among the DC indices. Various indices had different effects on the drought tolerance of foxtail millet. The drought tolerance performance and evaluation indices of foxtail millet were ranked according to the distance from the “ideal” drought tolerance genotype and index. The drought tolerance was classified into five categories according to the comprehensive evaluation index (D‐value) cluster analysis. Discriminant analysis showed that the plant height and spike weight could be used as indices for identifying drought tolerance identification in foxtail millet. The GGE biplot results were consistent with the results based on the D‐value. Therefore, multiple agronomic traits combined with D‐value as an evaluation parameter can effectively and accurately identify drought‐tolerant foxtail millet.
Flexible and economical operation of chlor‐alkali process with subsequent polyvinyl chloride production
Authors: Hofmann Mathias , Müller Robert , Christidis Andreas , Fischer Peter , Klaucke Franziska , Vomberg Sebastian , Tsatsaronis George
Published: October 2021

Demand response (DR) can compensate for imbalances in variable renewable energy supplies. This possibility is particularly interesting for electrochemical processes, due to their high energy intensity. To determine the technical feasibility and economic viability of DR, we chose the chlor‐alkali process with subsequent polyvinyl chloride production, including intermediate storage for ethylene dichloride. We estimate the maximum possible cost savings of implementing load flexibility measures. A process model is set up to determine the system characteristic. Subsequent optimizations result in the facility's best possible dispatch depending on additional and minimum power load, storage volume, and cost of a load change. Real plant data are used to specify model parameters and validate the system characteristic and the plant dispatch. An economic evaluation reveals the economic advantages of efficiency and flexibility. The approach can be used to analyze the DR potential of other chlorine value chains or facilities with high electricity demand in general.
Commentary: Global Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementia research funding organizations support and engage the research community throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Meyers Emily A. , Amouyel Philippe , Bovenkamp Diane E. , Carrillo Maria C. , De Buchy Geraldine Drexel , Dumont Magali , Fillit Howard , Friedman Lauren , Henderson‐Begg Gregor , Hort Jakub , Murtishaw Andrew , Oakley Richard , Panchal Maï , Rossi Sharyn L. , Sancho Rosa M. , Thienpont Linda , Weidner Wendy , Snyder Heather M.
Published: October 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has disproportionately affected more vulnerable populations, including those living with dementia. Over 50 million individuals worldwide are living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other dementia, and it is crucial to continue the fight against the condition during the global pandemic. Since the start of mandated lockdowns in March 2020, charity and non‐profit organizations that fund AD and related dementia research continue to respond to the needs of the AD research community, ensuring the momentum continues and accelerates. Members of the International Alzheimer's and Related Dementia Research Funder Consortium, a group of nearly 40 funding organizations that informally convene throughout the year to share updates and information, have taken a number of steps to ensure the continued support of the research community. Even during times of uncertainty, it is essential that the field moves forward to uncover preventions, diagnoses, and treatments for these diseases that affect many millions globally.
Ultrastable Cu Catalyst for CO2 Electroreduction to Multicarbon Liquid Fuels by Tuning C–C Coupling with CuTi Subsurface
Authors: Hu Fei , Yang Li , Jiang Yawen , Duan Chongxiong , Wang Xiaonong , Zeng Longjiao , Lv Xuefeng , Duan Delong , Liu Qi , Kong Tingting , Jiang Jun , Long Ran , Xiong Yujie
Published: October 2021

Production of multicarbon (C2+) liquid fuels is a challenging task for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, mainly limited by the stabilization of reaction intermediates and their subsequent C−C couplings. In this work, we report a unique catalyst, the coordinatively unsaturated Cu sites on amorphous CuTi alloy (a‐CuTi@Cu) toward electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to multicarbon (C2‐4) liquid fuels. Remarkably, the electrocatalyst yields ethanol, acetone, and n‐butanol as major products with a total C2‐4 faradaic efficiency of about 49 % at −0.8 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which can be maintained for at least 3 months. Theoretical simulations and in situ characterization reveals that subsurface Ti atoms can increase the electron density of surface Cu sites and enhance the adsorption of *CO intermediate, which in turn reduces the energy barriers required for *CO dimerization and trimerization.
Selective Benzylic CH‐Borylations by Tandem Cobalt Catalysis
Authors: Ghosh Pradip , Schoch Roland , Bauer Matthias , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel
Published: October 2021

Metal‐catalyzed C−H activations are environmentally and economically attractive synthetic strategies for the construction of functional molecules as they obviate the need for pre‐functionalized substrates and minimize waste generation. Great challenges reside in the control of selectivities, the utilization of unbiased hydrocarbons, and the operation of atom‐economical dehydrocoupling mechanisms. An especially mild borylation of benzylic CH bonds was developed with the ligand‐free pre‐catalyst Co[N(SiMe3)2]2 and the bench‐stable and inexpensive borylation reagent B2pin2 that produces H2 as the only by‐product. A full set of kinetic, spectroscopic, and preparative mechanistic studies are indicative of a tandem catalysis mechanism of CH‐borylation and dehydrocoupling via molecular CoI catalysts.
Child Abuse and the Psychological Dispositions of Pain Catastrophising, Resilience and Hope
Authors: Zlotnick Cheryl , Grouper Hadas , Pud Dorit
Published: October 2021

Associations between psychological dispositions and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) tends to vary by ACE category (i.e. childhood abuse, childhood neglect, family dysfunction), particularly for adults with high ACE scores (>4 on a 0–10 scale). Psychological dispositions (such as pain catastrophising, hope, resilience), however, have typically been examined as intermediary factors rather than endpoints (i.e. dependent variables) on mostly adult patients. In this cross‐sectional study on healthy adults who completed self‐report questionnaires, we hypothesised that even with low ACEs scores (≤4 ACEs), adults with childhood abuse (compared to childhood neglect and family dysfunction, and no ACEs) will have higher pain catastrophising and lower resilience and hope. In healthy adults (n = 47), multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) indicated that ACE categories and gender were associated with the three dispositions (Pillai's F(6,84) = 2.518, p = 0.027, η2 = 0.152). Univariate results revealed an association between childhood abuse versus no ACEs and pain catastrophising (Pillai's F(2,43) = 7.084, p = 0.002, η2 = 0.248). No associations were found between the ACEs categories and hope or resilience. Among healthy adults with few ACEs, history of childhood abuse was uniquely associated with pain catastrophising. Although a sensitive topic, assessing history of childhood abuse would enable health professionals to provide proactive interventions reducing harmful reactions to pain, such as pain catastrophising.

‘We hypothesised that even with low ACEs scores… adults with childhood abuse… will have higher pain catastrophising and lower resilience and hope’

Key Practitioner Messages

History of childhood abuse in healthy adults has a uniquely important association with pain catastrophising.

Gender did not influence the link between history of childhood abuse and pain catastrophising in healthy adults.

In this study, history of adverse childhood experiences was not associated with hope and resilience in healthy adults.
Assessment of the Cannabinoid Content from Different Varieties of Cannabis sativa L. during the Growth Stages in Three Regions
Authors: Abdollahi Mahnaz , Sefidkon Fatemeh , Peirovi Afshin , Calagari Mohsen , Mousavi Amir
Published: October 2021

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) belongs to the Cannabaceae family. It is very rich in chemical constituents, especially the cannabinoids which has not been reported in any other plant, and has broad pharmacological properties. Hemp as a multi‐purpose crop is a good source of fibers, seed, fixed and volatile oil. It is known that the cannabinoid content of hemp is related to genetic factors, as well as plant's growth stages and environmental factors such as latitude, altitude, weather, particularly moisture availability and nutrient supply during the growing season. The present study was designed to produce hemp that contains allowable concentration of THC (<3 %) by comparing different varieties of hemp, different stages of plant growth, and different geographical locations where it was planted. To achieve this, seeds of two native populations from Iran (Fars and Yazd Provinces) and one foreign variety from France (Fedora17, as an industrial hemp cultivar) with its progenies (Fedora17‐2) were cultivated in 3 research fields (Gilan, Golestan and Alborz provinces) in Iran. The following plant materials were extracted with methanol/chloroform and analyzed by HPLC: foliage in the vegetative stage, inflorescent in the flowering stage, inflorescent of seeds in the seeding stage and the mature seed. The THC concentration of Fedora17 (Fed17) in all three geographical locations was found to be under 0.03 % or even non‐detectable. Same result was also observed in its progenies (Fed17‐2), indicating stability of the trait in this cultivar. The THC concentration of the Yazd variety that was planted in Alborz and Gilan regions was less than 0.080 % in all growth stages. The female flowers planted in Golestan, showed a THC concentration of 1.029 % which was more than the allowed THC concentration of <3 %. The THC concentration in all growth stages of all of the different varieties planted varied from 0 to 1.392 %. The above results indicates that the type of cannabinoid produced depends on the difference in genetic prosperities of the different seed types as well as the growth stage in which the plant material was extracted. On the other hand, the climate and the region in which the seeds were planted had little influence on the THC concentration.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis, and in Vitro/in Silico Biological Studies of Novel Piperidine Derivatives Heterocyclic Schiff‐Mannich Base Compounds
Authors: Boy Songül , Aras Abdülmelik , Türkan Fikret , Akyıldırım Onur , Beytur Murat , Sedef Karaman Halide , Manap Sevda , Yüksek Haydar
Published: October 2021

In the present study, 3‐substitued‐4‐(4‐hydroxybenzylidenamino)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ones (S1‐8) were synthesized by treating 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde (B) with eight different 3‐substitued‐4‐amino‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐ones (T1‐8) in acetic acid medium, separately. The synthesized Schiff bases (S) were reacted with formaldehyde and secondary amine such as 4‐piperidinecarboxyamide to afford novel heterocyclic bases. 3‐Substitued‐4‐(4‐hydroxybenzylidenamino)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ones (T) were treated with 4‐piperidinecarboxyamide in the presence of formaldehyde to synthesize eight new 1‐(4‐piperidinecarboxyamide‐1‐yl‐methyl)‐3‐substitued‐4‐(4‐hydroxybenzylidenamino)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ones (M1‐8). The structure characterization of compounds was carried out using 1H‐NMR, IR, HR‐MS, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory properties of the newly synthesized compounds were calculated against the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) enzymes. Ki values were calculated in the range of 20.06±3.11–36.86±6.17 μM for GST, 17.87±2.91–30.53±4.25 μM for AChE, 9.08±0.69–20.02±2.88 μM for BChE, respectively, Besides, IC50 values were also calculated. Best binding scores of ‐inhibitors against used enzymes were calculated as −12.095 kcal/mol, −12.775 kcal/mol, and −9.336 kcal/mol, respectively. While 5‐oxo‐triazole piperidine‐4‐carboxamide moieties have a critical role in the inhibition of AChE and GST enzymes, hydroxy benzyl moiety is important for BChE enzyme inhibition.
Clinical effect of delgocitinib 0.5% ointment on atopic dermatitis eczema intensity and skin barrier function
Authors: Abe Masatoshi , Iizuka Hajime , Nemoto‐Hasebe Ikue , Nemoto Osamu , Toyama Hiroyuki , Ohashi‐Doi Katsuyo , Kabashima Kenji
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Delgocitinib is a small‐molecule JAK inhibitor that has recently been approved in Japan as the world's first topical JAK/STAT pathway inhibitor for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). In this study, the effects of delgocitinib 0.5% ointment treatment on skin rash severity and skin‐barrier function were examined.

Methods

Adult Japanese patients with mild‐moderate AD (n = 23) were recruited into the trial. Healthy subjects (n = 10) were examined in parallel. The effects of four weeks of treatment with delgocitinib 0.5% ointment on the partial eczema area and severity index (pEASI) score, stratum corneum hydration (SCH), and trans‐epidermal water‐loss (TEWL) were examined. Patient reported effects of the treatment were assessed by a questionnaire.

Results

Four weeks of treatment showed a statistically significant improvement (p < .001) in pEASI score of 61.8%, ±54.0 (mean%, SD) compared to baseline in AD patients. Improvement in SCH at four weeks (37.6AU, ±11.5 (mean, SD), p < .001) was achieved in AD patients compared to baseline (SCH = 24.9AU, ±8.8 (mean, SD)). A trend toward reduction in TEWL over time was seen in the active treatment group (TEWL = 9.1 g/h/m2 at baseline, 7.1 g/h/m2 at two weeks, and 6.9 g/h/m2 at 4 weeks). The pEASI score and SCH and TEWL values improved from two‐to‐four weeks treatment. Patients reported perceived improvements after four weeks of treatment on all parameters associated with skin condition. No safety concerns were identified.

Conclusions

Treatment with delgocitinib 0.5% ointment was well tolerated and showed improvements of both eczema and SCH in adult AD patients.
Experimental and simulation studies on the phase behaviour for gas hydrates in a CO2 rich gas dominant multiphase pipeline system
Authors: Sayani Jai Krishna Sahith , Ho Kuah Jian , Lal Bhajan , Pedapati Srinivasa Rao
Published: October 2021

In this work, an experimental and modelling study is performed to identify the phase behaviour of gas hydrates formation for a high CO2 content natural gas system and multiphase gas dominant system. Further, CSMGem, PVTSim, and Aspen HYSYS software packages are used to verify the prediction capabilities for gas hydrates formation conditions. Initially, thermodynamic equilibrium conditions are obtained using CSMGem, PVTSim, and Aspen HYSYS. Then, these results are validated and compared to the experimental work to verify the accuracy in predicting hydrate formation conditions. An experimental study is performed in the pressure range of 2–7 MPa for a pure system and multiphase system with the gas composition of carbon dioxide (70%) + methane (26%) + ethane (2%) + propane (1%) + butane (1%). The results show that the PVTSim software package shows the best accuracy with 99.9% for the pure system and 99.88% for the multiphase system.
IDK what's next for IDC: The unfolding saga of intraductal carcinoma of salivary glands
Authors: Bishop Justin A.
Published: October 2021

In this issue of Cancer Cytopathology, Viswanathan et al further unravel the concept of intraductal carcinoma by detailing the cytopathologic features of 13 cases, the largest series to date. Their article is an important next step in the recent explosion of knowledge surrounding intraductal carcinoma.
Analysis of potential phenylacetone precursors (ethyl 3‐oxo‐2‐phenylbutyrate, methyl 3‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyrate, and ethyl 3‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyrate) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and their conversion to phenylacetone
Authors: Tsujikawa Kenji , Okada Yuki , Segawa Hiroki , Kuwayama Kenji , Yamamuro Tadashi , Kanamori Tatsuyuki , Iwata Yuko T.
Published: October 2021

Methyl 3‐oxo‐2‐phenylbutyrate (MAPA) is a recently circulating precursor of phenylacetone (P2P), a precursor of amphetamine and methamphetamine. MAPA has a hybrid chemical structure of acetoacetic acid ester and P2P. Acetoacetic acid ester is de‐esterified and decarboxylated to give the ketone by heating under acidic conditions; therefore, MAPA is presumed to be converted to P2P by such treatment. Considering that ethyl 3‐oxo‐2‐phenylbutyrate (EAPA), methyl 3‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyrate (MGPA), and ethyl 3‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutyrate (EGPA) have the same chemical features as MAPA, these three compounds are potential P2P precursors. The authors examined the analysis of these compounds by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and their conversion to P2P by heating under acidic and basic conditions. These compounds were remarkably decomposed into P2P during GC‐MS analysis regardless of the injection method and injector temperature. EAPA and EGPA also caused ester exchange to methyl ester by injection of methanol solution. P2P production and transesterification were almost prevented by methoxime derivatization. These compounds were converted to P2P by heating under acidic conditions. The reaction of MGPA and EGPA proceeded quicker than that of EAPA. The important by‐product associated with the reaction was phenylacetylcarbinol (formed from EAPA and MGPA), which will be converted to (pseudo)ephedrine, important methamphetamine impurities. By heating under basic conditions, MGPA and EGPA were converted to P2P but EAPA was mainly converted to phenylacetic acid. In the future, when these compounds are in circulation, our study will be useful for identifying and elucidating the synthetic method of P2P.
C–H Amination Enabled [2+1+1+1] Annulation Reaction in Water: Access to Benzoxazoles
Authors: Chen Fulin , Zhu Chuanle , Yang Zhiyi , Liu Chi , Zeng Hao , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: October 2021

A novel and efficient four‐component reaction in water is reported, enabling the efficient synthesis of benzoxazoles from aldehydes, benzo‐1,2‐quinones, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and water via a C−H amination strategy. Importantly, water is not only employed as the solvent but also used as the oxygen source of the benzoxazole skeletons, while inorganic hydroxylamine hydrochloride serves as the nitrogen source. Preliminary mechanistic studies prove that the aldoxime rather than the quinone oxime is the reaction intermediate.
Prevalence and impact of the use of electronic gadgets on the health of children in secondary schools in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rashid S M Mahbubur , Mawah Jannatul , Banik Ema , Akter Yasmin , Deen Jobaier Ibne , Jahan Amina , Khan Navid Mahmood , Rahman Md. Mofijur , Lipi Nasrin , Akter Farhana , Paul Alak , Mannan Adnan
Published: October 2021

Background and Aims

Use of technological gadgets has rapidly been increasing among adolescents, which may result in health issues and technology addiction. This study focuses on the prevalence of usage of technological gadgets and health‐related complications among secondary school‐going children of Bangladesh.

Methods

A total of 1803 secondary school students from 21 different districts of Bangladesh participated in the study. The children were asked questions relating to their access to electronic gadgets, time spent on outdoor activities, and whether they experienced any health‐complications as an after‐effect of the usage. A binary logistic regression model was adapted considering time spent on gadgets as an independent variable and health problems (physical and mental) as the dependent variable.

Results

Among all the gadgets, 67.11% of the participants were reported to use mobile phones on a daily basis. Due to the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic, 24.48% of respondents used electronic gadgets for attending online classes. The participants were reported to use gadgets significantly more (P < .05) in 2020 as compared to 2019. Children showed less tendency to spend time in outdoor activities. More than 50% of the participants spend time doing outdoor activities for less than 1 hour daily. An association between gadget use and health problems like headache, backache, visual disturbance, and sleeping disturbance has been observed in our study.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that different socio‐demographic factors have influence on the use of gadgets by children, and this use has greatly been affecting both the physical and mental health of the secondary school‐going students of Bangladesh.
Antiepileptic medicines in men and women with stroke in Sweden, a registry‐based study
Authors: Karlsson Lind Linnéa , von Euler Mia
Published: October 2021

Background and aim

To describe the utilization of the first antiepileptic drug (AED) in men and women with previous stroke in a nationwide population.

Methods

Prescription data, patient's age, and sex were collected from the Swedish Drug Register and cross‐linked to diagnosis data from the National Patient Register and data from Statistics Sweden. Patients with a first dispensation of an AED after stroke between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2014 were included.

Results

A total of 10 958 patients with stroke were initiated on AED treatment (51% women, mean age 75 years). Gabapentin (n = 3073, 28%), pregabalin (n = 2476, 22%), carbamazepine (n = 2330, 21%), levetiracetam (n = 1158, 10%), and valproic acid (n = 833, 7%) were the most dispensed AEDs. After stratification by the presence of a neuropathic pain diagnosis, gabapentin, and pregabalin were the most used AEDs. In contrast, after stratification for epilepsy/convulsions diagnosis, carbamazepine and levetiracetam were the most initiated AEDs.

Conclusion

This study suggests that AED is mainly used for neuropathic/poststroke pain and the study shows gabapentin and pregabalin to be the most used AEDs. For epilepsy, carbamazepine and levetiracetam were the most used AEDs in patients with previous stroke.
Psychological autopsy study and risk factors for suicide in Muslim countries
Authors: Arafat S. M. Yasir , Khan Murad M. , Menon Vikas , Ali Syeda Ayat‐e‐Zainab , Rezaeian Mohsen , Shoib Sheikh
Published: October 2021

Background

Suicide and risk factors have been poorly studied in the Muslim‐majority countries that hinder the formulation of prevention strategies and affect suicide prevention eventually.

Objectives

We aimed at identifying and analyzing the psychological autopsy studies assessing the risk factors for suicide conducted in Muslim‐majority countries.

Methods

We did a search to trace all the available psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries with the search term “psychological autopsy study in Muslim countries.” We also checked the available bibliographies to identify the psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries so that all the possible studies could be included.

Results

Out of the Muslim countries, only eight psychological autopsy studies were identified in five countries (Bangladesh [1], Indonesia [1], Iran [1], Pakistan [2], and Turkey [3]). Six studies adopted a case‐control study design, and all were carried out in urban settings. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among case‐control studies varied from 52.8% in Turkey to 96% in Pakistan. Psychiatric illness, self‐harm, and stressful life events were the commonly replicated risk factors for suicide across studies.

Conclusions

Psychological autopsy studies have been conducted only in five Muslim countries revealing that the risk factor for suicide is certainly under‐researched in the incumbent countries. This review identified a similar list of risk factors for suicide, namely, psychiatric disorder, past non‐fatal attempts, and adverse life events compared to the Western countries even though the rate varies.
Foreign Aid and Human Development: The Impact of Foreign Aid to the Health Sector
Authors: Williamson Claudia R.
Published: October 2021

The appropriate role of foreign aid in promoting economic development has long been debated. With the recent change of focus from economic to human development, it is timely to investigate the effectiveness of aid in promoting human development. This paper is the first to empirically test the hypothesis that increases in human welfare can be achieved through health sector specific foreign aid. My results indicate that foreign aid is ineffective at increasing overall health and is an unsuccessful human development tool. These results hold after controlling for reverse causality and are robust to different model specifications.
Perfectly Secure Property Rights and Production Inefficiencies in Tullock Contests
Authors: Kolmar Martin
Published: October 2021

From the point of view of institutional economics, property rights are an instrument to shape individual incentives efficiently. For the case of a Tullock contest with endogenously determined rent, I analyze the circumstances under which perfectly secure property rights emerge in an economy where the security of property is endogenously determined. I analyze different sequential structures for the determination of defensive and appropriative investments and determine the equilibrium sequence of moves if the sequential structure is endogenous. It turns out that in subgames where perfectly secure property rights emerge, incentives for production are still inefficient. In addition, it can be shown that the endogenous determination of moves leads to a sequence of events that result in open conflict even if perfectly secure property rights would have been an alternative.
The Effects of Retirement on Physical and Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Dave Dhaval , Rashad Inas , Spasojevic Jasmina
Published: October 2021

While numerous studies have examined how health affects retirement, few have analyzed the impact in the reverse direction. Using the Health and Retirement Study (1992–2005), this paper estimates the effects of retirement on indicators of physical and mental health. To account for biases from unobserved selection and endogeneity, panel data methodologies are used, augmented by counterfactual and specification checks. Results indicate that complete retirement leads to a 5–14% increase in difficulties associated with mobility and daily activities, 4–6% increase in illnesses, and 6–9% decline in mental health (evaluated relative to the sample mean). The adverse health effects are mitigated if the individual is married, engages in physical activity, or continues to work part‐time post‐retirement. Evidence also suggests larger adverse health effects in the event of involuntary retirement. Retiring at a later age may lessen or postpone poor health outcomes for older adults, raise well‐being, and reduce health care services utilization.