bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Babelfish
Authors: Grulich Philipp Marian , Zeuch Steffen , Markl Volker
Published: February 2022

Today's users of data processing systems come from different domains, have different levels of expertise, and prefer different programming languages. As a result, analytical workload requirements shifted from relational to
polyglot
queries involving user-defined functions (UDFs). Although some data processing systems support polyglot queries, they often embed third-party language runtimes. This embedding induces a high performance overhead, as it causes additional data materialization between execution engines.

In this paper, we present Babelfish, a novel data processing engine designed for polyglot queries. Babelfish introduces an intermediate representation that unifies queries from different implementation languages. This enables new, holistic optimizations across operator and language boundaries, e.g., operator fusion and workload specialization. As a result, Babelfish avoids data transfers and enables efficient utilization of hardware resources. Our evaluation shows that Babelfish outperforms state-of-the-art data processing systems by up to one order of magnitude and reaches the performance of handwritten code. With Babelfish, we bridge the performance gap between relational and multi-language UDFs and lay the foundation for the efficient execution of future polyglot workloads.
HVS
Authors: Lu Kejing , Kudo Mineichi , Xiao Chuan , Ishikawa Yoshiharu
Published: February 2022

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem that has a wide range of applications in information retrieval and data mining. Among state-of-the-art in-memory ANNS methods, graph-based methods have attracted particular interest owing to their superior efficiency and query accuracy. Most of these methods focus on the selection of edges to shorten the search path, but do not pay much attention to the computational cost at each hop. To reduce the cost, we propose a novel graph structure called HVS. HVS has a hierarchical structure of multiple layers that corresponds to a series of subspace divisions in a coarse-to-fine manner. In addition, we utilize a virtual Voronoi diagram in each layer to accelerate the search. By traversing Voronoi cells, HVS can reach the nearest neighbors of a given query efficiently, resulting in a reduction in the total search cost. Experiments confirm that HVS is superior to other state-of-the-art graph-based methods.
Enabling personal consent in databases
Authors: Konstantinidis George , Holt Jet , Chapman Adriane
Published: February 2022

Users have the right to consent to the use of their data, but current methods are limited to very coarse-grained expressions of consent, as "opt-in/opt-out" choices for certain uses. In this paper we identify the need for fine-grained consent management and formalize how to express and manage user consent and personal contracts of data usage in relational databases. Unlike privacy approaches, our focus is not on preserving confidentiality against an adversary, but rather cooperate with a
trusted
service provider to abide by user preferences in an algorithmic way. Our approach enables data owners to express the intended data usage in formal specifications, that we call
consent constraints
, and enables a service provider that wants to honor these constraints, to automatically do so by filtering query results that violate consent; rather than both sides relying on "terms of use" agreements written in natural language. We provide formal foundations (based on provenance), algorithms (based on unification and query rewriting), connections to data privacy, and complexity results for supporting consent in databases. We implement our framework in an open source RDBMS, and provide an evaluation against the most relevant privacy approach using the TPC-H benchmark, and on a real dataset of ICU data.
Subgraph matching over graph federation
Authors: Yuan Ye , Ma Delong , Wen Zhenyu , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Guoren
Published: February 2022

Many real-life applications require processing graph data across heterogeneous sources. In this paper, we define the
graph federation
that indicates that the graph data sources are temporarily federated and offer their data for users. Next, we propose a new framework FedGraph to efficiently and effectively perform subgraph matching, which is a crucial application in graph federation. FedGraph consists of three phases, including query decomposition, distributed matching, and distributed joining. We also develop new efficient approximation algorithms and apply them in each phase to attack the NP-hard problem. The evaluations are conducted in a real test bed using both real-life and synthetic graph datasets. FedGraph outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, reducing the execution time and communication cost by 37.3 × and 61.8 ×, respectively.
MT-teql
Authors: Ma Pingchuan , Wang Shuai
Published: February 2022

Natural Language Interface to Database (NLIDB) translates human utterances into SQL queries and enables database interactions for non-expert users. Recently, neural network models have become a major approach to implementing NLIDB. However, neural NLIDB faces challenges due to variations in natural language and database schema design. For instance, one user intent or database conceptual model can be expressed in
various forms.
However, existing benchmarks, using hold-out datasets, cannot provide thorough understanding of how good neural NLIDBs really are in real-world situations and its robustness against such variations. A key difficulty is to annotate SQL queries for inputs under real-world variations, requiring considerable manual effort and expert knowledge.

To systematically assess the robustness of neural NLIDBs without extensive manual effort, we propose MT-Teql, a unified framework to benchmark NLIDBs against real-world language and schema variations. Inspired by recent advances in DBMS metamorphic testing, MT-Teql implements semantics-preserving transformations on utterances and database schemas to generate their variants. NLIDBs can thus be examined for robustness utilizing utterances/schemas and their variants without requiring manual intervention.

We benchmarked nine neural NLIDBs using 62,430 inputs and identified 15,433 defects. We analyzed potential root causes of defects and conducted a user study to show how MT-Teql can assist developers to systematically assess NLIDBs. We further show that the transformed (error-triggering) inputs can be used to augment popular NLIDBs and eliminate 46.5%(±5.0%) errors made by them without compromising their accuracy on standard benchmarks. We summarize lessons from this study that can provide insights to select and design NLIDBs that fit particular usage scenarios.
Detecting layout templates in complex multiregion files
Authors: Vitagliano Gerardo , Jiang Lan , Naumann Felix
Published: February 2022

Spreadsheets are among the most commonly used file formats for data management, distribution, and analysis. Their widespread employment makes it easy to gather large collections of data, but their flexible canvas-based structure makes automated analysis difficult without heavy preparation. One of the common problems that practitioners face is the presence of multiple, independent regions in a single spreadsheet, possibly separated by repeated empty cells. We define such files as "multiregion" files. In collections of various spreadsheets, we can observe that some share the same layout. We present the Mondrian approach to automatically identify layout templates across multiple files and systematically extract the corresponding regions. Our approach is composed of three phases: first, each file is rendered as an image and inspected for elements that could form regions; then, using a clustering algorithm, the identified elements are grouped to form regions; finally, every file layout is represented as a graph and compared with others to find layout templates. We compare our method to state-of-the-art table recognition algorithms on two corpora of real-world enterprise spreadsheets. Our approach shows the best performances in detecting reliable region boundaries within each file and can correctly identify recurring layouts across files.
Ember
Authors: Suri Sahaana , Ilyas Ihab F. , Ré Christopher , Rekatsinas Theodoros
Published: February 2022

Structured data, or data that adheres to a pre-defined schema, can suffer from fragmented context: information describing a single entity can be scattered across multiple datasets or tables tailored for specific business needs, with no explicit linking keys. Context enrichment, or rebuilding fragmented context, using
keyless joins
is an implicit or explicit step in machine learning (ML) pipelines over structured data sources. This process is tedious, domain-specific, and lacks support in now-prevalent no-code ML systems that let users create ML pipelines using just input data and high-level configuration files. In response, we propose Ember, a system that abstracts and automates keyless joins to generalize context enrichment. Our key insight is that Ember can enable a general keyless join operator by constructing an index populated with task-specific embeddings. Ember learns these embeddings by leveraging Transformer-based representation learning techniques. We describe our architectural principles and operators when developing Ember, and empirically demonstrate that Ember allows users to develop no-code context enrichment pipelines for five domains, including search, recommendation and question answering, and can exceed alternatives by up to 39% recall, with as little as a single line configuration change.
A numerical model of grain growth
Authors: Du Z.-Z. , McMeeking R. M. , Cocks A. C. F.
Published: February 2022

A numerical model for grain growth has been developed. The governing equations for the model are derived from a variational principle that enforces the balance between energy dissipation and changes of internal energy. This approach significantly simplifies previous modelling of grain growth by replacing a curved grain boundary with several straight lines and relaxing constraints on triple point angles. Such simplifications provide a basis for a finite element method by reducing the analysis of a complex network of interconnected curved lines to the motion of interacting points. In the finite element formulation two approaches are used, namely an element based formulation and a node based formulation. In the latter case, the properties of the elements are lumped together at their common nodes. Such an approach allows the nodal velocity to be determined independently of the forces on other nodes in a lumped mobility methodology, leading to a further reduction of computer time. Several planar grain networks of Voronoi polygons have been studied. The evolution of the grain structures determined from these two approaches is found to exhibit the same trends as those obtained using other models published in the literature. Owing to its simplicity, the node based formulation is recommended.
The Fe–Cr–Zn system in relation with the galvanizing process in chromium-added zinc bath
Authors: Reumont Guy , Mathon Muriel , Fourmentin Richard , Perrot Pierre
Published: February 2022

Taking into account new experimental measurements, the Fe –Zn – Cr ternary system is critically modified at 460 °C. A continuous solid solution between ζ-FeZn13 and CrZn13 compounds is shown but is shared at 460 °C by the stable CrZn17 compound containing about 2 wt.% Fe. This ternary system is assessed with the CALPHAD method using the PARROT modulus of the Thermo-Calc software. The liquid and solid solution phases are modeled with Redlich– Kister –Muggianu equations. The intermetallic compounds ζ-(Fe,Cr)Zn13 and CrZn17 are treated as stoichiometric compounds in the binary systems. The experimental Fe and Cr solubilities at various temperatures modify the shape of the liquidus curve and are satisfying for industrial applications. A set of parameters consistent with most of the available experimental data on both phase diagram and solubility measurements is obtained by optimization. A comparison with previous experimental work is also presented and a reactional model between iron substrate and Zn–Cr bath is proposed. This optimization allows to interpret the growth of intermetallic layers and the formation of dross when galvanizing in Cr-added Zn bath.
Bewertung des Ermüdungsverhaltens von Radstählen anhand von Dehnungs-, Temperatur- und Widerstandsmessungen
Authors: Walther Frank , Eifler Dietmar
Published: February 2022

Vollräder und Radreifen gehören zu den höchstbeanspruchten Komponenten von Schienenfahrzeugen. Während höhere Fahrgeschwindigkeiten insbesondere die dynamischen Kräfte erhöhen, führen zunehmende Beschleunigungs- und Bremsmomente zu einer enormen Schlupfbeanspruchung der Räder. Eine Optimierung des Systems Rad/Schiene ist nur bei genauer Kenntnis des Ermüdungsverhaltens der eingesetzten Rad- und Schienenwerkstoffe in technisch relevanten Wärmebehandlungszuständen möglich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden neben der licht-, raster- und transmissionselektronenmikroskopischen Charakterisierung der Mikrostrukturen, die zyklischen Eigenschaften ausgewählter Radstähle unter Berücksichtigung von Mittelbeanspruchungen vorgestellt. Dabei werden ergänzend zu Spannung – Dehnung-Hysteresismessungen thermometrische, resistometrische und Giant-Magneto-Resistor Messverfahren genutzt.
Integrative finite element simulation of the rolling of Al alloys with coupled dislocation density and texture models
Authors: Neumann L. , Aretz H. , Kopp R. , Goerdeler M. , Crumbach M. , Gottstein G.
Published: February 2022

In order to achieve higher accuracy and predictive capability in finite element simulations, the implementation of physically based microstructure models becomes inevitable. The underlying reason for this is that the dislocation microstructure and the evolution of texture largely influence the considered forming processes. The present article presents recent results of research activities on 3-dimensional rolling simulations of Al alloys and their experimental validation. The finite element simulations were carried out taking dislocation density evolution into account.
Positrons as chemically sensitive probes in interfaces of multicomponent complex materials: Nanocrystalline Fe90Zr7B3
Authors: Herth S. , Rösner H. , Rempel A. A. , Schaefer H.-E. , Würschum R.
Published: February 2022

The present paper reports on a combined analytical and structural study of nanocrystalline Fe90Zr7B3 by means of positron annihilation, (analytical) high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray diffraction. Particular focus is laid on the chemical nature of the intergranular amorphous matrix which occurs between the α-Fe nanocrystallites. Energy-dispersive X-ray measurements (EDX) with an electron nanobeam reveal an increased Zr content at the interface between the nanocrystallites and the intergranular amorphous phase. According to positron lifetime measurements, the intergranular amorphous phase and the interfaces between this phase and the nanocrystallites exhibit structural free volumes of the mean size slightly smaller than a lattice vacancy as in the amorphous precursor material. Coincident Doppler broadening measurements of the positron-electron annihilation photons show that the fraction of Zr in the neighborhood of the structural free volumes is higher in nanocrystalline Fe90Zr7B3 than in the amorphous state indicating an enhanced Zr concentration in the interfaces. These results are in good agreement with the HRTEM/ EDX studies and demonstrate the potentials of the coincident Doppler broadening technique for a chemical characterization of structurally complex materials on an atomistic scale.
Low-temperature plasma nitriding of AISI 304 stainless steel with nano-structured surface layer
Authors: Zhang H. W. , Wang L. , Hei Z. K. , Liu G. , Lu J. , Lu K.
Published: February 2022

A nanostructured surface layer was produced on an AISI 304 stainless steel plate by means of a surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Low-temperature plasma nitriding of the SMAT stainless steel sample was investigated in comparison with the coarse-grained sample by using structural analysis (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy) as well as mechanical property measurements. It shows a much thicker nitrided layer is formed on the SMAT sample relative to that in the coarse-grained counterpart nitrided under the same condition. The nitrided layer in the SMAT sample is composed of nanostructured austenite expansion and martensite expansion with high supersaturations of nitrogen. The surface hardness and the hardened surface layer thickness, as well as the abrasive and the adhesive wear resistances of the nitrided SMAT sample are much enhanced relative to the nitrided coarse-grained sample.
Non-Linear Stability and Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics—There and Back Again
Authors: Dostalík Mark , Průša Vít
Published: February 2022

We discuss the role of thermodynamics in non-linear stability analysis of spatially distributed dissipative systems governed by non-linear partial differential equations. We document profound interplay between various concepts in thermodynamics on one side and non-linear stability analysis on the other side, and subsequently we summarize and comment on various results regarding the non-linear stability of thermodynamically isolated as well as thermodynamically open systems.
Transnational identities, being and belonging: the diverse home literacies of multilingual immigrant families
Authors: Taylor-Leech Kerry
Published: February 2022

This paper uses a transnational lens to discuss findings from a longitudinal study of the home literacy practices of linguistically diverse immigrant families. The paper draws on the experiences of three families to show how literacy events and practices index and mediate immigrants’ identities as they settle into the host community. Observations, interviews, and family members’ own documentation of their home literacies revealed the richness and complexity of the families’ linguistic repertoires. Using Levitt and Schiller’s distinction between ways of being and ways of belonging, the paper focuses on the role of everyday literacies in the families’ lives and on how critical events at home and abroad shaped family members’ identities as they navigated their new lives. The paper offers insights into the role of multilingual literacies in the settlement process and draws attention to the significance of literacy practices in shaping immigrants’ transnationalism.
Digitale Transformation im Risikomanagement
Authors: Löffler Hendrik F. , Hoffjan Andreas
Published: February 2022

Die Funk-Gruppe ist Deutschlands größter unabhängiger Versicherungsmakler und Risk Consultant. Das familiengeführte Traditionsunternehmen besteht bereits seit über 140 Jahren und ist mittlerweile mit 35 Standorten europaweit vertreten. Die etwa 1.360 Mitarbeiter und Mitarbeiterinnen verfügen über Erfahrung in fast allen Branchen und Märkten. Über innovative Lösungsansätze und Beratungsleistungen unterstützt das Maklerhaus viele Unternehmen bei der Ausgestaltung des betrieblichen Risikomanagements. Die Funk-Gruppe wurde deshalb 2020 als Top Innovator ausgezeichnet und 2021 in die Liste der 100 innovativsten Mittelständler Deutschlands aufgenommen.
Effect of ozone and autohydrolysis pretreatments on enzymatic digestibility of coastal Bermuda grass
Authors: Lee Jung Myoung , Jameel Hasan , Venditti Richard A.
Published: February 2022

Coastal Bermuda grass (CBG) has been shown to have potential as a biomass feedstock for sugar production. In this study, the effectiveness of ozone pretreatment for CBG to improve the sugar recovery via enzyme hydrolysis was investigated. Raw CBG and autohydrolysis-treated CBG were pretreated with ozone at ozone consumption of 1.8 to 26.4 % (w/w) at room temperature. Lignin degradation and hemicellulose solubilization increased with increased ozone consumption. At 26.4% ozone consumption by weight on CBG the amount of lignin in the CBG was reduced by 34%. Autohydrolysis of CBG increased the reactivity of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with ozone. The maximum total sugar recovery after enzymatic hydrolysis was 32% for a 14.0% consumption of ozone on raw CBG. For CBG samples pretreated with autohydrolysis followed by a 3.1% ozone consumption pretreatment the maximum total sugar recovery after enzyme hydrolysis was 40.1%. Autohydrolysis pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis yielded a 36.4% sugar recovery, indicating that the application and benefits of ozone after autohydrolysis with the conditions studied herein are marginally better than autohydrolysis alone.
Changes in the chemical structure of thermally treated wood
Authors: Tumen Ibrahim , Aydemir Deniz , Gunduz Gokhan , Uner Birol , Cetin Hakan
Published: February 2022

Changes in the chemical structure of hornbeam and uludag fir woods during thermal treatment were investigated at three temperatures (170, 190, and 210 oC) and three durations (4, 8, and 12 hours). After thermal treatment, the extents of degradation in the chemical structure of the samples were determined, and the effects on the chemical composition of hornbeam wood and uludag fir wood were investigated. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis, and Tukey’s test was used to determine the changes in the chemical structure of uludag fir and hornbeam woods. The results showed that heating wood permanently changes several of its chemical structures and that the changes are mainly caused by thermal degradation of wood polymers. It was found that decreasing of the cellulose and holocelluloses ratio had a favorable effect on the interaction of the wood with moisture. According to the obtained results, hornbeam wood is affected more than uludag fir wood. For each wood, the maximum decreases of holocellulose and α-cellulose were found at 210oC for 12 hours, and the maximum increase of lignin occurred at the same treatment combination.
Accounting for use of energy storage systems in the model of the long-term power system development forecasting
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Nechaieva T.P.
Published: February 2022

The rapid growth of renewable generation share in the power systems worldwide, that could be explained by the world community desire for sustainable clean energy, combating the global climate change, has led to widespread use of wind and solar power plants as today’s most productive and competitive. With significant volumes of generation of these RES there are difficulties in the power system balancing due to insufficient flexibility of traditional generation, which limits electricity supply from renewables. The electricity storage is seemed to be a key solution to a number of technical and economic problems of the wind and solar power integration into the power system due to its unique ability to store and re-supply electricity to the grid. Electricity storage can be used to store excess volumes of renewable energy generation, which will be used later, minimizing or removing restrictions on supply of that excesses. The article presents approaches to taking into account the use of storage systems of electricity storage in a partial-integer model for forecasting of the power system generating capacity structure development. The use of storage system for the consumption/supply of electricity in the daily electrical load curves of the power system is modeled taking into account the available storage capacity. For hydropower the limitation of the water resource availability is taken into account. Battery energy storages ensure the transfer of excess power from wind and solar plants to the peaking periods of daily load if there is absent the possibility to ramp-down conventional generation during maximum wind and solar electric power production. Keywords: power system, the long-term development forecasting, mathematical model, energy storage system, load curve
Prospects for using heat pumps in district heating systems around the world and Ukraine
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Derii V.O. , Sokolovska I.S. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Teslenko O.I. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: February 2022

Trends in the use of heat pumps in district heating systems (DHS) of European countries and their prospects in Ukraine are considered. It is established that special programs have been created to stimulate heat pumps introduction in many countries around the world in order to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels for heat supply purposes. The production of heat pumps in EU countries is regulated by the relevant Directives and Commission Regulations (EU). Ukraine is actively working to harmonize these documents, improving and adapting Ukrainian legislation to European one. There is no unified approach to regulate the introduction and use of heat pumps in the world. Each country has its own regulations with appropriate permits and restrictions. The construction of heat pump systems requires certain permits from the relevant agencies, both at the state and regional (local) levels. During the operation of powerful heat pumps, their productivity and consumption of energy of low-potential heat source are monitored. The use of electricity in all sectors of the world economy will develop at a rapid pace. In 2050, electrification will take a leading position in the production of DHS thermal energy in Ukraine that will lead to mass use of heat pumps. The total heat capacity of the installed heat pumps will increase over the next thirty years and will reach 6.3 GW in 2050 that will provide an annual production of 14.8 million Gcal of thermal energy. The role of heat pumps in DHS will be as follows: generation of thermal energy during the heating period, centralized hot water supply and cold supply in summer, daily regulation of electric load of power systems. Keywords: district heating systems, thermal energy, heat pump, electric boiler, generation structure, electric load
Self in Early Buddhist Soteriology
Authors: Park Jungnok
Published: February 2022

About the self in soteriology.
Introduction
Authors: Ellis Robert M.
Published: February 2022

This section gives the book context in the author’s experience, outlines Sangharakshita’s life, and explains the overall critical approach. Sangharakshita’s achievements were substantial: the founding of a successful Buddhist movement and the first major moves in adapting Buddhism to Western conditions. He was a highly creative figure and in some ways open to critical discussion, but weaker on adapting his ideas in response to feedback. The approach taken to critical assessment in the book is entirely practical – which in many ways means judging Sangharakshita’s thinking in terms of its own best features.
Foreword
Authors: Fenner Peter
Published: February 2022

Foreword by Dr. Peter Fenner, author of Radiant Mind and Natural Awakening
Analysis of territorial waste management schemes of the most populated regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Rubleva Irina , Lopin Igor , Gorelov Alexey , Kanunnikov Alexander
Published: February 2022

Within the framework of the proposed article, the territorial waste management schemes of the seven most populated subjects of the Russian Federation are analyzed. The success of the reform of the national solid waste management industry is impossible without an adequate regional interpretation of the goals specified in the Industry Development Strategy and the corresponding Federal Project. The key indicators reflected in these documents are an increase in the share of municipal solid waste utilization, up to 36 %, for sorting — up to 60 % by 2024. The necessity to reduce the share of imported equipment for municipal solid waste treatment to 22 % is also highlighted. The authors of the article analyzed the territorial schemes of Moscow, the Moscow Oblast, the Krasnodar Krai, St. Petersburg, the Sverdlovsk Oblast, the Rostov Oblast, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in some of the analyzed regions of the Russian Federation an imbalance in the target indicators set in the territorial schemes takes place. In addition, the following disadvantages of the analyzed territorial schemes were highlighted: lack of a description of technological solutions which are planned to be used to achieve the key indicators, plans of commissioning of insufficiently high-tech facilities and construction of new landfills, almost complete lack of information on import substitution. The authors also noted the difficulties of gaining access to files with territorial schemes on the Internet, since there are no unified standards for their publication in Russia. This fact reduces the information transparency of the industry for both population and the expert community.
Municipal waste generation in Heilongjiang Province (People’s Republic of China) in 2010–2018: the impact of urbanization and the level of well being of the population
Authors: Gladun Igor , Cherentсova Anna , Li Zhunsu
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the authors consider the conceptual issues of creating an effective regional model of solid municipal waste management in Heilongjiang Province (China). The article substantiates the principles and defines the conditions for the implementation of an integrated solid municipal waste management system in Heilongjiang Province, based on the formation of an organized recycling system through the development of territorial production clusters. The authors analyzed the changes in the rate of generation of solid municipal waste from 2010 to 2018, the impact on the amount of generation of the level of well-being and population size. The paper shows that the amount of municipal solid waste generation per capita had a maximum value in 2010–2011 — 204.1–207.8 kg/year, but by 2018 it had decreased to 139.1 kg. A decrease in the intensity of solid municipal waste generation was observed against the background of an increase in GRP: studies have not confirmed the link between waste generation and increased well-being of residents. The correlation analysis of the relationship between the total population and the formation of municipal solid waste revealed an average direct relationship. The authors made a forecast of solid municipal waste generation in the province and the Harbin Industrial Corridor cluster. The expediency of creating a cluster for the management of solid municipal waste on the territory of the «Harbin industrial corridor» is noted. The main problem that needs to be justified in the regional concept of solid municipal waste management is the segregated collection of the organic fraction of municipal waste, which in the foreseeable future will account for more than 50 % of the total waste flow. The optimization of the spatial and logistics scheme for the placement of infrastructure facilities in Heilongjiang province will allow achieving the sustainable functioning of the system and will lead to a significant increase in the use of the resource potential of solid municipal waste.
Ensuring the security of international trade on the basis of digital logistics in the pandemic conditions
Authors: Pyastolov Oleg , Arustamov Eduard , Samoletov Roman
Published: February 2022

This article presents the current norms of international trade both in the supranational and Russian legal field. With the ongoing restrictions associated with Covid-19, there is an urgent need to identify trends in supply chain transformation and digitalization of logistics in industry and commerce during the (post) pandemic period. The prospects for the use of digital technologies in supply chain management in the international, national, and regional aspects are outlined. The main problems of the development of logistics at the present stage are formulated and confirmed, considering the existing sanitary and epidemiological restrictions. A system of measures to improve the management of the supply chain system is proposed for discussion. Priority is given to the formation of a balanced and coordinated international trade security system based on digital logistics in a pandemic with all stakeholders. The authors have carried out a general and comparative analysis of the impact of the development program for foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation until 2030 on the formed logistic chains of foreign economic activity participants and assessed the economic security of foreign trade as a factor influencing the development of foreign economic activity in general.
Reducing the resource intensity of production as the most important condition for ensuring economic growth without compromising the environment
Authors: Maykova Svetlana
Published: February 2022

Solving the problem of reducing the resource intensity of production and resource conservation in modern conditions means moving towards a more responsible and efficient use of natural resources. It is aimed at solving a complex task, on the one hand, meeting growing needs in conditions of resource scarcity, on the other hand, reducing environmental consequences and minimizing losses associated with them. In addition, the desire to use natural resources more efficiently and responsibly gives another synergetic effect, this is the stimulation of innovation and the development of a closed-cycle economy.
The purpose of this article is to substantiate the need to form mechanisms for solving the problem of ensuring economic growth in conditions of reducing resource intensity and minimizing damage to the environment. Based on the systematization of the goals of sustainable economic development, the concept of resource efficiency and the model of the «green» economy, the пthree-pronged goal of the concept of reducing the resource intensity of production is identified, the foundations of the cardinal transformation of the global economy and its transition to a resource-efficient model are determined. The main directions of implementation of measures in the field of increasing resource efficiency and reducing the resource intensity of production are identified. Based on the analysis of the implemented measures and technologies used in the field of resource saving and reducing the resource intensity of production, conclusions are drawn about their low effectiveness and the main problems that reduce the effectiveness of the transformation of the economy and its transition to a resource-efficient model are identified. The contradictions that require attention in the process of forming approaches to solving the problem of ensuring economic growth without harming the environment are identified, among them the lack of the possibility of a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of products throughout the entire life cycle, the effect of environmental rebound and restrictions on the cyclical use of resources. The author’s view of the main stages of the transition to the concept of a circular economy is presented and a forecast is made to reduce the volume of greenhouse gas emissions in general and by sectors of the economy.
El exotismo japonés en la narrativa de Mario Bellatin
Authors: Kit Javier García Wong
Published: February 2022

La literatura latinoamericana siempre ha visto en el exotismo un territorio para producir ficciones. La cultura japonesa es, en ese sentido, un insumo atractivo para fertilizar historias con personajes, situaciones y costumbres lejanas que permiten, por un lado, explorar nuevas realidades y, por el otro, confrontar visiones distantes del mundo. Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar qué efecto se busca producir con la introducción de una cultura lejana como la japonesa en historias de otro contexto, en particular en las novelas del escritor peruano Mario Bellatin que han sido inspiradas con referencias de este país oriental.
APROXIMACIÓN A LA PESCA INDÍGENA EN LAS TIERRAS BAJAS DE LA LAGUNA MERÍN: LA DOCUMENTACIÓN ETNOHISTÓRICA DE LOS SIGLOS XVI-XVIII
Authors: Bica-Méndez Carla
Published: February 2022

Las tierras bajas de la Laguna Merín han sido objeto de renovado interés arqueológico en las últimas décadas en Uruguay. Diversos abordajes en el sector sur de la cuenca han colocado a la manifestación arqueológica cerritos de indios (~5000-250 años 14C AP), en el marco de problemáticas que buscan superar los modelos tradicionales que asocian tierras bajas a áreas culturales marginales. En esa línea, el estudio de la fauna arqueológica ha generado modelos interpretativos que colocan la caza especializada como actividad principal de los grupos indígenas de la región. Nuevos datos sobre conjuntos de ictiofauna sugieren un rol relevante de estos animales entre los constructores de cerritos y abren nuevas preguntas sobre el registro arqueológico regional. El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar una nueva línea de evidencia a esa problemática a partir de información etnohistórica para la región. Para ello se realizó una revisión y sistematización de fuentes etnohistóricas donde se informa sobre la relación de los grupos indígenas y los peces, desde los primeros contactos con los europeos en el siglo XVI hasta el siglo XVIII. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen a la discusión sobre el registro arqueológico regional en términos de historia indígena de larga duración.
Influence of cyclic load on pullout stiffness of geogrid embedded in well-graded gravel
Authors: Watanabe K. , Kojima K. , Kudo A.
Published: February 2022

Railway structures applied to high-speed railways must achieve high performance in terms of strength and deformation characteristics. This requirement has led to the widespread use of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) structures. For the design of GRS structures, it is important to evaluate not only the tensile strength of the geosynthetic but also the pullout stiffness (spring constant of geosynthetic). Hence, a series of cyclic pullout loading tests were conducted to evaluate the pullout characteristics of various types of reinforcement embedded in the soil. Moreover, these test results were compared with the results of in-isolation tensile tests with the same loading histories. The experiments revealed that the pullout stiffness increased with an increase in the confining pressure and in-isolation tensile stiffness, but decreased with an increase in the relative displacement between the soil and reinforcement. Although the pullout stiffness was found to be affected by factors such as experimental conditions and type of reinforcement, a similar trend was observed in the results of several other tests when examining the relationship between the normalized pullout stiffness and the average strain generated in the reinforcement. This interesting correlation can be taken into account during the design of GRS structures that support bridge girders.
Determination of The Response of Wild and Cultivated Tomato Genotypes to Some Disease and Pests by Molecular Markers
Authors: AKTAŞ Hakan , AYDIN Gülnur
Published: February 2022

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Verticillium spp., and nematodes, as well as virus diseases that negatively affect production with limited chemical control cause significant losses in greenhouse tomato cultivation. The practical and effective side of controlling diseases is genetic control by breeding. Using a genomic approach for plant breeding is a more sustainable and effective way to control disease and pests. The development of the resistant line is improved by conventional breeding methods that can be conducted over a long period. However, molecular markers make these processes considerably shorter with identifying resistant individuals. In this study, 14 wild and 188 cultivated tomato genotypes have been tested against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematodes), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Verticillum dahliae Kleb. (Ve) diseases and pests with using MAS (Marker- Assisted Selection) technique. According to these results, it has been determined that the selected markers can be used effectively in breeding studies to determine the diseases mentioned above.
Where Did the Rhetoric of Science Go? A Double Review of Landmark Essays on Rhetoric of Science, Case Studies and Issues and Methods, a Two Volume Edited Collection by Randy Harris.
Authors: Pietrucci Pamela , Gruber David
Published: February 2022

In this review essay, we look back at the evolution of the rhetoric of science by reviewing the Case Studies and Issues and Methods volumes edited by Randy Harris. We conclude by reflecting on the past, present, and future of the discipline.
Fragerecht des Arbeitgebers nach dem Impf-, Sero- und Teststatus in Bezug auf SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Aligbe Patrick
Published: February 2022

Im Rahmen der Maßnahmen des betrieblichen Infektionsschutzes wurde immer wieder diskutiert, in welchem Umfang der Arbeitgeber auch entsprechende personenbezogene Daten in Bezug auf den Impf-, Sero- und Teststatus der betroffenen Personen erheben darf. Nachfolgender Beitrag geht dieser Fragestellung auf den Grund und legt dar, welche Daten der Arbeitgeber für welche Zwecke auch verarbeiten darf.
Effects of Searsia lancea hydrochar inclusion on the mechanical properties of hydrochar/discard coal pellets
Authors: Setsepu R.L , Abdulsalam J. , Bada S.O.
Published: February 2022

The utilization of biomass as a solid fuel for co-firing has received great attention from boiler manufacturers as a clean coal technology (CCT) option. This research aimed to produce biocoal pellets, as a clean energy fuel, using hydrochar from trees planted to rehabilitate acid mine drainage (AMD) water and fine coal discards. The hydrochar was synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization of Searsia lancea harvested from AMD-contaminated land at a temperature of 280°C and a residence time of 90 minutes. It was blended with discard coal (-1 mm) at ratios of 25% and 50% hydrochar to produce different forms of solid pelletized biocoal (BC). The physicochemical and mechanical properties of each of the biocoal pellet blends were determined. The 100% hydrochar had the highest calorific value of 29.99 MJ/kg, while the raw discard coal had a calorific value of 16.73 MJ/kg. The ash content decreased from 42% in the discard coal to 25% in the blend of 50% coal and 50% hydrochar biocoal pellets. Biocoal pellets comprising 25% hydrochar and 75% discard coal (BC25HC/75COAL) displayed the best mechanical properties (compressive strength 3.06 MPa) of all the fuels, but the physicochemical properties were inferior to the BC50HC/50 COAL pellets. This research has demonstrated that hydrochar synthesized from a tree species planted for hydraulic control of AMD has the capability to act as a binder for improving the mechanical properties and energy characteristics of fine discard coal.
Risks and challenges affecting opencast pillar mining in previously mined underground bord and pillar workings
Authors: Ngwenyama P.L. , de Graaf WW.
Published: February 2022

South Africa is one of the leading producers and exporters of coal globally. A significant amount of the country's production is obtained from previously mined underground bord and pillar workings. This coal is in the form of pillars and remnants on the roof and floor of the old workings. The good quality coal pillars were left behind as primary support during underground bord and pillar mining operations. Due to the depletion of virgin coal reserves, the pillars and remnant coal are now removed using opencast mining rather than underground methods. However, the secondary extraction of pillars and remnant coal from the old workings using opencast methods entails some serious challenges that have a negative impact on the safety and productivity of the operations, affecting both personnel and machinery. If these risk factors and challenges are managed properly, then the opencast mining operations could remove the pillars safely at recoveries competitive with those of virgin coal operations. In this study we review the recurring challenges affecting opencast pillar mining by means of field investigations and consultations with experts at five opencast pillar mining operations, and evaluate the best practices used to combat these challenges. It was found that each mine has its own unique conditions and challenges.
Improving productivity at an open-pit mine through enhanced short-term mine planning
Authors: Otto T.J. , Lindeque G.C.
Published: February 2022

Productivity is improved by increasing the ratio of output to input. In an operating open-pit mine, improving the productivity of heavy mining equipment (HME) enables the unit cost of production to be reduced. To optimize HME productivity, the Kolomela open-pit iron ore mine transitioned to an enhanced short-term mine planning (STMP) process that supports the application of a manufacturing-type operating model. At the core of the enhanced STMP process is a focus on integration across the open-pit mining value chain. The interdependencies between mining activities are highlighted and emphasized, thus ensuring that mining activities are synchronized. The improvements related to HME productivity were monitored from 2019 to 2020. The utilization of mining area in the Leeuwfontein pit improved from 71% to 90%, and the blasting frequency reduced by 14% while the average blast size increased by 17%. The distance travelled during shovel relocations between mining phases reduced by 16%, and the lost time associated with drills relocating reduced by 53%. These productivity improvements resulted in an 11% increase in the loading rate of the main waste shovel at Kolomela from 0.9 Mt/month in 2019 to 1.0 Mt/month in 2020. The enhanced STMP process can be adapted to other open-pit mining operations.
Опыт использования МООК в преподавательской деятельности в российских вузах
Authors: Сухоставцева Александра , Рудаков Виктор
Published: February 2022

В информационном бюллетене рассматривается опыт использования преподавателями массовых открытых онлайн-курсов (МООК), их отношение к внедрению МООК в образовательный процесс и ожидания от цифровизации образования. Согласно результатам исследования, большинство преподавателей имеют опыт преподавания в удаленном режиме, активно используют электронно-информационную образовательную среду своего вуза и применяют материалы МООК при проведении занятий. Использование МООК вузами в образовательном процессе становится весьма распространенной практикой. По сравнению с предыдущими годами обследования отношение преподавателей к внедрению МООК в образовательный процесс стало намного более позитивным. Преподаватели относятся более лояльно к зачету результатов МООК по общим дисциплинам, чем по специальным. Исследование выявило, что преподаватели опасаются увеличения нагрузки, сокращения штатов и ухода преподавателей старших поколений в связи с внедрением цифровых технологий.