bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards AGI: the hippocampus is something you need
Authors: DeKraker Jordan , Eichert Nicole , Hong Seok-Jun , Evans Alan C. , Bernhardt Boris C.
Published: August 2024

Cross-disciplinary research has revealed many parallels between neocortical sensory information processing and that found in artificial neural networks. Here, we argue that neural and computational insights into the hippocampus, a structurally unique and phylogenetically old cortical region, have yet to be explicitly leveraged by such models. The hippocampus contains a well-described circuitry and is situated at the nexus of multiple brain networks, allowing it to maintain latent sensory, affective, and higher order transmodal information. Recent AI developments based on self-supervised architectures that engage prediction in latent spaces are data-efficient and obey real world constraints, making them promising not only as AI models but also as neuroscientific models. Within that framework, the hippocampus can be seen as computing and maintaining predictions over near and distant time spans, thereby expanding the possible number of comparisons between predicted and real latent sensory data. This may help explain why animals with a hippocampus are able to learn so efficiently compared to popular, data-hungry AI architectures. Our perspective offers new avenues towards understanding neural intelligence and the design of data-efficient, autonomous machine learning.
The State of Sociology: Evidence from Dissertation Abstracts
Authors: Altman Micah , Cohen Philip N.
Published: August 2024

The academic discipline of sociology is divided methodologically and theoretically, which has long been a source of consternation as well as celebration. In this paper we describe the state of actually existing sociology as practiced in PhD-granting departments, by analyzing all dissertation abstracts from U.S. sociology departments archived at ProQuest from 2020 through early 2024 (N=1872) using natural language processing methods (Keyword Assisted Topic Models with Latent Dirichelet Allocation). Results show that more dissertations (64%) use qualitative than quantitative (47%) methods. Where geographic scope is identified, most focus on U.S.topics. The most common substantive topics are inequality, broadly defined (58%), followed by economic subjects (46%), race (37%), politics and health (35% each). The most pervasive difference concerns qualitative versus quantitative approaches. For example, qualitative methods are most common in organizations and movements (79%), and least common in life course (43%) and children and youth studies (54%). Quantitative methods are most associated with life course (61%) and ethnicity (59%), and least common in social movements (34%). Finally, using gender probabilities based on given names, we find that average female representation is somewhat higher in qualitative studies (61%) than quantitative (56%) studies, but subject of study matters more, with the average probability of female authorship highest in gender (72%) and family (66%) studies, and lowest in urban studies (52%). Women are more concentrated in qualitative than quantitative studies across almost all subject areas, but the differences are relatively small, so that gender divisions appear to be driven more by subjects of study than by methodological approaches. The data and methods developed in this paper may be extended to additional research questions.
Advancing Instrument Validation in Social Sciences: An AI-Powered Chatbot and Interactive Website based on Research Instrument Validation Framework (RIVF)
Authors: Villarino Resti Tito , Villarino Maureen Lorence
Published: August 2024

Background: In social sciences, ensuring a high level of instrument validation is crucial for upholding the principles of scientific rigor and maintaining the overall quality of research.Objectives: To develop and evaluate an AI chatbot and website for instrument validation, assess their impact on instrument validity improvement, and analyze user perceptions.Methods: Adopting a quantitative design, the study was anchored on the developed Research Instrument Validation Framework (RIVF) of Villarino (2024). Moreover, it was evaluated through users' perceptions (n=100) by administering an online survey, whereby the employment of paired t-tests used contrasting instrument validity-pre-vs post-RIVF scores, and one-way ANOVA was used to determine if a relationship existed between users' perceptions and overall improvement in instrument validity. A G*Power analysis indicated that there was sufficient statistical power for the analyses: for paired t-tests, it was 99.73% (n = 100, dz = 0.5, α = 0.05), and for one-way ANOVA, 80.95% (n = 100, f = 0.25, α=0.05, four groups). All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.Results: Post-RIVF use, all the validity domains showed significant improvements (p<0.001), but the primary considerable improvement was in construct validity [Mean difference=1.20±0.60, t(49)=14.14]. Participants perceived the AI chatbot as more useful [4.30±0.70 vs. 3.80±0.80, p<0.001] compared to the RIFV website.Conclusion: This AI-powered milieu indicates a potential for increasing the validity of research instruments in RIVF, while an AI chatbot efficiently increments the construct validity. These findings would infer that using AI technologies potentially enhances the quality of research instruments in the social sciences alongside traditional validation methods.Keywords: artificial intelligence (AI), instrument validation, research methodology, social sciences
A Comparison of Statistical Validity of In-Situ Hydraulic Conductivity Prediction Models of Rock Mass Inferred from Borehole Logs and Lugeon Test Data
Authors: Kharel Ujjwal , Panthee Suman
Published: August 2024

In-situ hydraulic conductivity is a vital property in rock engineering for jointed rock mass. Understanding its correlation with rock mass parameters is crucial for water circulation. Therefore, a study was carried out to develop statistically significant empirical relationships between hydraulic conductivity and various rock mass parameters to estimate in-situ hydraulic conductivity from Lugeon test and various rock mass parameters obtained from borehole logs.The study initially aimed to establish a correlation between hydraulic conductivity and Rock Quality Designation (RQD). However, the outcomes were unsatisfactory, prompting further research. Later, two more robust models were developed, namely the HC-model and modified HC-model. The HC-model incorporated four rock mass parameters, including Rock Quality Designation Index, Depth Index, Gouge Content Designation Index, and Lithology Permeability Index, achieving a maximum coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.46. The modified HC-model included six parameters, encompassing fracture frequency and theoretical aperture, resulting in an improved R2 of 0.69. Both models significantly outperformed RQD-alone predictions (R2 < 0.10), highlighting the need for incorporating multiple rock mass parameters in predicting hydraulic conductivity due to a complex interplay of various factors. However, the effects of joint persistence and roughness are limiting in the present analysis.
Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Agricultural Transformation in Nepal
Authors: Khatri Bishnu Bahadur , Timsina Tirtha Raj , Rijal Nirajan
Published: August 2024

Information and communication technology (ICT) is said to be the better catalyst for empowering farmers to ensure from field to prosperity for rural development. Despite being fundamental source of livelihood for two-third of total population, Nepalese agriculture suffered from multiple challenges such as conventional practices, inappropriate technological adoption and fragmentation of productive land and so on which are hindering its progress. This paper tries to emphasize the need of agricultural transformation through the integration of ICT that eventually contribute for rural development in Nepal. This is a review-based research paper consists of quantitative approach and employs a descriptive research design based on a rigorous review of scholarly publications, government plans and other documents along with online database related to the use of ICT in agriculture. The findings highlight the declining contribution of agriculture to the national GDP as a result of the prevalence of subsistence farming with ineffective technical accessibility and the potential of ICT to address these challenges. The study concludes with a discussion on the role of ICT in empowering farmers, improving productivity, and contributing to rural development through specific ICT initiatives such as mobile apps for agriculture-related information and advisory services. The study as a whole highlight the potential of information and communication technology (ICT) as a pivotal tool for driving transformation in the agricultural sector and fostering rural development in Nepal. The study suggests to integrate ICT in agriculture transformation to empower Nepalese farmers and boost agricultural productivity for rural development.
ANALISA POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN PEMBANGKIT ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN TENAGA PICO HIDRO DI DESA PENIRAMAN KECAMATAN SUNGAI PINYUH KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Prayitno Wahyu
Published: August 2024

Pertumbuhan permintaan energi listrik setiap tahun semakin meningkat. Sebesar 95% pasokan energi listrik PLN masih menggunakan pembangkit listrik berbasis bahan bakar fosil dan sisanya merupakan pembangkit berbasis energi baru terbarukan (EBT). Di beberapa wilayah kabupaten mengalami defisit daya/energi listrik dari sisi pembangkit listrik sehingga berakibat pemadaman bergilir. Pemanfaatan energi baru dan terbarukan dapat mendukung penyediaan energi listrik, sehingga mempercepat pertumbuhan sektor rill, meningkatkan rasio elektrifikasi dan rasio desa berlistrik di Kalimantan Barat. Selain itu pemanfaatan energi baru terbarukan adalah sebagai salah satu upaya mengurangi gas rumah kaca yang menyebabkan perubahan iklim. Desa Peniraman masih terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara penyediaan dan kebutuhan energi listrik di beberapa lokasi yang jauh dari pemukiman. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan Analisa Pengembangan Potensi Pembangkit Energi Baru Terbarukan Tenaga Pico Hidro di Desa Peniraman yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi sumber daya air sebagai pembangkit energi listrik serta kondisi jaringan listrik pada rumah-rumah yang jauh dari pemukiman. Penentukan lokasi dalam analisa pengembangan potensi pembangkit energi baru terbarukan tenaga pico hidro perlu melakukan survei lokasi dan pengukuran tinggi jatuh air, kecepatan aliran dan debit air serta di bantu dengan data meteorologi yang selanjutnya dilakukan pengolahan data terkait potensi daya terbangkitnya dan debit andalan pada sumber air bakunya. Sehingga dapat diketahui potensi air bakunya sebagai sumber pembangkit energi listrik di desa Peniraman.
Analisis Keterdapatan Kromium Heksavalen Pada Aliran Sungai Pertambangan Nikel di Kabupaten Konawe Utara
Authors: Hendrawan Suharjo Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Daerah di Indonesia dimana banyak ditemukan komoditas nikel adalah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, dengan potensi cadangan sebesar 97,4 miliar ton yang tersebar di lahan seluas 480 ribu hektar. Pada pertambangan yang merupakan daerah ultrabasa terdapat lapisan batuan yang mengandung mineral serta logam berat yang jika terlepas dapat mencamari lingkungan sekitar salah satunya adalah Kromium (Cr) logam tersebut dapat hadir dengan proses alami dengan bentuk bervariasi dari Cr (II) ke Cr (VI) (Jobby dkk., 2018). Kegiatan pengumpulan data terdiri dari 2 bagian yaitu pengumpulan data primer dan pengumpulan data sekunder. Kemudian lakukan pengujian laboratorium dengan metode AAS (Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer). pada lokasi penelitian di dua sampel yang memiliki nilai melebihi standar dari baku mutu yang di tetapkan di mana pada sampel as2+ dan as11+ yang memiliki nilai kadar logam Cr6+ yaitu 0,061 mg/l dan 0,06 mg/l. sedangkan untuk sampel lainnya di dapatkan hasil kandungan Cr6+ masih berada di bawah nilai standar dari baku mutu yaitu di bawah 0,05 mg/l. Dari hasil pengujian di dapatkan kadar logam Cr6+ yang melebihi standar baku yaitu pada sampel as2+ dengan kadar Cr6+ 0,061 mg/l dan as11+ 0,06 mg/l Tingginya kadar di 2 sampel di sebabkan karena adanya proses penambangan di lokasi penelitian
Powder Characterization Methods
Authors: Patra Anshuman
Published: August 2024

This chapter explains how to measure the shape, size, microstructure, and composition of powders as well as their flowability and crystallization behavior. It presents detailed workflows and calculations based on SEM, TEM, FESEM, and STEM imaging, x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, EDS and EELS spectroscopy, and powder sieving. It also discusses the measurement of crystallite size, lattice mismatch, and crystallinity and the relationship between surface area and flowability.
The Economic Contribution of Powder Metallurgy Industries, Associations, and Employment Opportunities
Authors: Dağ İlker Emin , Avar Baris , Panigrahi Mrutyunjay
Published: August 2024

This chapter discusses the economic importance of powder metallurgy in various countries, the types of jobs created, and the role of powder metallurgy associations around the world.
RESEARCHING AND STRENGTHENING REINFORCED CONCRETE CRANE BEAMS OF MUKACHEVO REINFORCED CONCRETE PLANT
Authors: Luchko Y.
Published: August 2024

This paper formulates the problem and emphasizes its relevance. An analysis of recent studies and publications on inspecting and strengthening reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures of long-term operation is also presented, and the purpose of researching and strengthening crane beams is formulated. The results of the natural researching and strengthening (01.07.1991) reinforced concrete pre-stressed crane beams of long-term operation at the Mukachevo Reinforced Concrete Products Plant are presented. A number of defects and damages were found in the molding workshop on beams B-1, B-2 and B-3, as well as cracks in the supporting sections of beam B-1 with a disclosure exceeding the permissible limits of regulatory documents. In particular, the force (fatigue) cracks with openings exceeding the permissible limits, concrete crushing, signs of corrosion of reinforcement and concrete, and, in some areas, concrete delamination was found. The data on the concrete strength of emergency beams determined by non-destructive testing are also presented. The figures show the tying of damaged beams and the reinforcement of beam support units. Based on this inspection, recommendations for strengthening the defective and damaged three crane beams were developed and possible options were given. Also, the bearing capacity of the crane beams was restored and the technology for implementing possible reinforcement options was presented. Based on the survey and research, recommendations for the technology of crane beams reinforcement were developed. The results of the repeated inspection (30.03.2023) after long-term operation are also provided. Based on these surveys, it turned out that the next change of ownership of the MRSP had been made and the situation of maintaining the operational characteristics of the main load-bearing structures had deteriorated significantly. It was noted that according to the "Guidelines for Inspection of Buildings and Structures to Determine and Assess Their Technical Condition" (Kyiv, 2017), the condition of the load-bearing and enclosing structures can be recognized as emergency (category 4). Based on the inspection and research, the relevant conclusions are made.
A Gold Nanoparticle-based Aptasensor for Specific Detection of CA125
Authors: Ebrahimi Ghasem , Samadi Pakchin Parvin , Mousivand Maryam , Jalili Bolhasani Amirabbas , Mota Ali
Published: August 2024

Background: In this work, an aptamer-based biosensor was successfully developed based on the salt-induced gold nanoparticle (AuNP) aggregation phenomenon for the detection of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), which is an important tumor marker for ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: Citrate-coated AuNPs are relatively highly dispersed NPs. In the presence of different salts, the electrostatic stability of NPs is reduced, and depending on the type of salt and its concentration, different degrees of aggregation occur. On the other hand, the aptamer is easily adsorbed on the AuNP surface and can prevent salt-induced AuNP aggregation. This phenomenon was used in this study to develop a simple biosensor for the detection of CA125. Results: In the presence of CA125, the aptamer was desorbed from the AuNP surface to bind to its antigen due to the higher affinity, leading to the aggregation of AuNPs and a change in the absorption spectra of the solution. Under the optimum condition, the fabricated aptasensor showed a linear range of 15-160 U/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 14.41 U/mL. Conclusion: The aptasensor exhibited good repeatability with notable selectivity with regard to CA125 detection, even in human serum samples, as compared to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In conclusion, the engineered aptasensor can serve as a promising tool for the simple, rapid, and cost-effective detection of CA125.
Molecular Typing and Drug Resistance Analysis of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae from ICU Patients in China
Authors: Ma Mengwei , Zhang Xian , Li Yingli , Qiu Jingfu , Xue Jian
Published: August 2024

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) stands out as one of the most detrimental nosocomial pathogens in Chinese hospitals. The resistance rate of CRKP to carbapenems has persistently remained elevated, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU). This study focused on the molecular epidemiological characteristics of CRKP isolated from Chinese ICU patients. Materials and Methods: Five distinct CRKP isolates were obtained from a Chinese hospital. Strain identification and drug susceptibility testing were conducted using the VITEK® 2 Compact Bacterial Identification and Monitoring System. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology was used to analyze sequence typing, phylogenetic relationships and drug resistance genes. Results: All five CRKP isolates carried the carbapenem-resistance gene blaKPC-2 and exhibited complete resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, and partial resistance to sulfonamides. Based on the single nucleotide polymorphism differences, we classified the five CRKP isolates into 3 distinct clusters. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) identified the main prevalent sequence type of CRKP as ST11-CT1313. Conclusions: Utilizing WGS for sequence typing, phylogenetic analysis, and antibiotic resistance gene identification is essential in enhancing the control and containment of CRKP infections in ICU. However, it is vital to consider both resistance phenotypes and resistance genes when guiding clinical medication decisions.
Accuracy of Prenatal Ultrasonography for Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum and Risk Factors in A Tertiary Center in Southern Iran
Authors: Vafaei Homeira , Hadipour Neda , Kasraeian Maryam , Yoosefi Sedigeh , Moradi Alamdarloo Shaghayegh , Asadi Nasrin , Oveisi Zahra , Bahari Hossein , Zare Marjan , Bazrafshan Khadije
Published: August 2024

Background: Placenta accreta spectrum is one of the most important causes of massive bleeding in the peripartum period. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of prenatal ultrasonography for diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and important risk factors of this pathology were evaluated in this report. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences during January 2018 to January 2019. All patients who were referred for ultrasound examination of placenta accrete spectrum and surgery in Hafez tertiary center were included. Patients with diagnosis of PAS in pathology were in one group and the others in the second group. All maternal and neonatal and demographic data and surgery complications were gathered in a data form. Results: Ultrasonography was 100% (95% C.I: 94.40%-100%) sensitive, 87.58% (95% C.I; 81.29%-92.36) specific, and 87.58% (95% C.I: 82.44%-91.66%) accurate discriminating PAS from non-PAS patients. From 217 patients, 64 and 153 patients were in PAS and non-PAS group, respectively. There was significantly more age, gravidity, live children, history of D&C, hormonal contraception, and history of previa in PAS group compared with Non-PAS group (p-value<0.05 for all); however, gestational age was significantly lower in PAS group (p-value<0.05). The odds of PAS significantly increase with previa and low-lying placenta OR adj (95% C.I): 114.68 (28.45-462.29). The patients with one C/S OR adj (95% C.I): 29.07(3.80-222.33) and the patients with two C/S OR adj (95% C.I): 106.08(13.79-815.51) were significantly more in PAS group compared with those with no C/S (p-value <0.05 for both). Conclusion: Detection rate of ultrasound examination was good, and it is recommended for women with PAS risk factors. Decreasing the rate of cesarean section and encouraging vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) are the best ways of prevention of this pathology.
Differentiated Learning Management in Class X Islamic Religious Education Lessons at Madrasah
Authors: Nursamsiah Br Ginting  , Hasrian Rudi Setiawan  , Indra Prasetia
Published: August 2024

This study attempts to characterize the use of differentiated learning management in Islamic religious education classes at MAN Karo in Kabanjahe, North Sumatra, specifically in class X. This study employs descriptive research methodologies in a qualitative manner. The information used by the author to describe the organization, implementation, supervision, and evaluation of differentiated learning comes from responses, opinions, and information that is described in the form of problems using data collection techniques such as interviews, documentation, and observation. The study's findings indicate that MAN Karo's implementation of differentiated learning management in Islamic religious education classes has been successful and efficient in four areas: first, class organization; second, learning resource organization; and third, learning methods or models. These strategies allow students to become well-conditioned before class, during class, after instruction, and during evaluation. Second, differentiation in learning environments, products, procedures, and content is part of implementation. Third, monitoring, supervision, assessment, reporting, and follow-up tasks are all included in regular and continuous supervision.
Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan PT. Bank Central Asia, Tbk dengan Menggunakan Metode Economic Value Added Sebagai Alat Pengukur Kinerja Perusahaan Periode 2015-2019
Authors: Antika Yessi , Usman Benny , Kurbani Adie
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTÂ This study aims to determine the financial performance of PT. Bank Central Asia, Tbk using the Economic Value Added (EVA) method in the periode 2015 to 2019. This is of course useful for knoing the extent of the results the company gets in carrying out its business activities.the observed data is a financial report from PT. Bank Central Asia, Tbk from 2015 to 2019 obtained from Galeri Bursa Efek Indonesia at the UNIKA Musi Charitas Palembang. Then teh data are analyzed using the EVA method, which is by determining the NOPAT (Net Operating Profit After Tax) and Capital Charges. After that the value of EVA will be obtained from each years. From the results of the research conducted, it was found that the EVA value from 2015 to 2019 was positive, this shows that the companyâ€™s management has succeeded in creating economic value added for the company. Meaning that the resulting operating profit after tax can meet the expectations of creditors and company shareholders (investor).Â Keywords : financial performance, EVA methodÂ ABSTRAKÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan dari PT. Bank Central Asia, Tbk dengan menggunakan metode Economic Value Added (EVA) pada periode tahun 2015 sampai dengan tahun 2019. Hal ini tentunya berguna untuk mengetahui sejauh mana hasil yang didapatkan perusahaan dalam menjalankan kegiatan usahanya. Data yang diamati merupakan laporan keuangan dari PT. Bank Central Asia, Tbk tahun 2015 sampai dengan tahun 2019 yang diperoleh dari Galeri Bursa Efek Indonesia di UNIKA Musi Charitas Palembang. Kemudian data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode EVA, yaitu dengan menentukan NOPAT (Net Operating Profit After Tax/ Laba Bersih Operasi Setelah Pajak) dan Capital Charges (Biaya Modal). Setelah itu akan diperoleh nilai EVA dari tiap tahunnya. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan didapat nilai EVA mulai dari tahun 2015 sampai dengan tahun 2019 yang bernilai positif atau EVA > 0, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen perusahaan telah berhasil menciptakan nilai tambah ekonomi bagi perusahaan. Artinya laba operasi setelah pajak yang dihasilkan dapat memenuhi harapan para kreditor dan pemegang saham perusahan (investor).Â Kata Kunci: Kinerja keuangan, metode EVA
ОЗДОРОВЧИЙ БІГ У ПРОЦЕСІ ФІЗИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ КУРСАНТІВ
Authors: ШИНКАРУК Віктор , РЕФЕЛЬ Вадим , ГІЩАК Остап
Published: August 2024

У сучасному світі, де темп життя стає дедалі інтенсивнішим, питання збереження здоров'я та фізичної активності набувають особливої актуальності. Серед різних форм фізичного виховання особливе місце займає оздоровчий біг, який є одним із найбільш доступних та ефективних методів підтримки здоров'я і фізичної форми.
Фізична підготовка курсантів – це педагогічно спрямований процес забезпечення спеціалізованої фізичної підготовленості до професійної діяльності із специфічними характеристиками. Фізичне виховання курсантів є важливою складовою освітнього процесу у вищих навчальних закладах системи МВС, спрямованою на формування гармонійно розвиненої особистості, здатної до професійної діяльності в умовах високої інтенсивності навантажень. Оздоровчий біг, як частина фізичного виховання, сприяє розвитку витривалості, зміцненню серцево-судинної системи, поліпшенню психоемоційного стану та загальному підвищенню рівня фізичної підготовленості курсантів.
Оздоровчий біг – специфічний засіб для тренувального впливу, який важко замінити іншими фізичними навантаженнями. Він є найпростішим видом циклічних вправ. У статті розкриваються принципи організації оздоровчого бігу у процесі фізичного виховання. Незважаючи на очевидні переваги оздоровчого бігу, залишається актуальним питання щодо його впровадження в навчальні програми. Дослідження, проведені в цій галузі, показують, що регулярні заняття бігом позитивно впливають на фізичний стан курсантів, проте методологічні аспекти та оптимальні умови для інтеграції оздоровчого бігу в освітній процес потребують подальшого вивчення. Метою цієї статті є аналіз впливу оздоровчого бігу на фізичний стан курсантів, розробка методичних рекомендацій щодо його впровадження в систему фізичного виховання, а також визначення оптимальних умов для досягнення максимального оздоровчого ефекту.
Таким чином, дослідження ролі оздоровчого бігу у фізичному вихованні курсантів є важливим кроком на шляху до підвищення ефективності фізичної підготовки в умовах сучасних освітніх закладів, а також формування у молодого покоління культури здорового способу життя.
РОЛЬ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ФОРМУВАННІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ТРЕНЕРІВ-ВИКЛАДАЧІВ
Authors: ЧОПИК Тетяна , ЛИТВИНОВ Іван , ГОНЧАРУК Сергій , СІВАК Вадим
Published: August 2024

У роботі розглянуто особливості формування професійної компетентності у процесі фахової підготовки засобами інформаційних технологій. Інформаційні технології – це чудовий спосіб більш ефективно використовувати ресурси. Сучасні інформаційні технології переплітаються у багатьох аспектах життя. Способи отримання інформації швидко змінюються і в результаті очікується, що за допомогою інформаційних технологій освіта стане доступнішою. Інформаційні технології стали важливим та  вплинули на систему освіти. Нещодавня пандемія COVID–19 ще більша спонукала застосуванню інформаційних технологій в освіті. Сьогодні інформаційні технології не лише постачальник знань, а й оцінювач. Інформаційні технології з'явилися для поширення загальних знань і є основною рушійною силою реформ освіти.
Overcoming Disparities in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Gamboa Christian
Published: August 2024

Background: Deaths due to Alzheimer’s have been increasing at an exponential rate for the last 24 years, with an astounding 145% increase between the years 2000-2024. Early detection is key to slowing down the rate of decline. Unfortunately, Latino and African American individuals delay seeking care, which predisposes them to worse outcomes. To date, socioeconomic limitations are the main factors leading to delayed care in Latino and African American communities. A service project was developed with the aim of addressing limitations that result in delays to seeking care within Latino and African American communities. Methods: A systematic review of available literature, followed by stake holder interviews was performed to gauge community need. Through stake holder collaboration data was compiled and a brochure was generated. Results: African American and Hispanic communities delay seeking care which predisposes them to worse outcomes. Because of this, the rate of Alzheimer’s in these communities is significantly higher than their white counterparts. Socioeconomic factors were identified by the community as reasons for delaying seeking care. Finally, deaths due to Alzheimer’s are often suppressed in census databases, making it difficult to accurately measure deaths due to the disease. Conclusion: Socioeconomic disparities seem to play a major role in the increase of deaths due to Alzheimer’s disease. A service project aimed at bridging the current gap in information was designed. Resources were filtered and compiled to improve disease literacy, as well as to provide financial, clinical, and psychological resources. A brochure was generated with this information.
SİNEMATOGRAFİK İMGENİN YAPI-SÖKÜMÜ: BEATRİZ AT DİNNER FİLMİNE KONUKSEVERLİK ODAKLI BİR YAPI-SÖKÜM GİRİŞİMİ
Authors: Şahinkaya Ermiş Aslı
Published: August 2024

Jacques Derrida’nın ortaya koymuş olduğu yapı-söküm hem bir yöntem hem de kendi başına bir felsefi yaklaşımdır. Yapı-söküm, sözcüğün içinde de ifade bulduğu gibi sökmeyi ve yeniden kurmayı içinde barındıran oksimoron bir kavramdır. Derrida yapı-sökümü yazılı metinler ve felsefi birtakım kavramlar üzerinde tartışmıştır. Sözmerkezci Batı metafiziğine karşı çıkmak amacıyla sözün karşısına yazıyı koyan Derrida; yazıda iz sürerek, metindeki anlamları yapı-söküme uğratmaya çalışmıştır. Derrida’ya göre, her şey bir metindir. Dolayısıyla yapı-söküm aynı zamanda görsel imgeler üzerine de uygulanabilir. Ancak hem dünya hem de Türkiye literatürüne bakıldığında sinema ve yapı-söküm ilişkisinin çok az ele alındığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, görsel imgeler üzerinden yapı-sökümün gerçekleştirilebileceğini göstermek amacıyla bir filmin yapısını sökme girişimidir. Genellikle post-yapısalcı olarak değerlendirilen düşünürlerin kavramları üzerine keskin sınırlı bir şeyler düşünmek ve yazmak epistemolojik bir açmaz olacaktır. Bu nedenle, yapı-sökümü bir çözümleme yöntemi olarak ele alıp bir metne tabi tutmanın ötesinde bir çaba gerekmektedir. Özellikle iletişim alanında Türkiye’de çok da fazla çalışılmamış olan bu alana katkı sağlamak ve gelecek çalışmaların önünü açmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Derrida’nın yapı-söküm yaptığı kavramlardan olan konukseverlik kavramı ekseninde Beatriz at Dinner (Beatriz Akşam Yemeğinde, Miguel Arteta, 2017) filmi incelenmek üzere seçilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle Derrida’nın kavramları üzerine bir izlek oluşturulmuş, ardından yapı-söküm bir yöntem olarak tartışılmıştır. Sonrasında konukseverliğe yönelik bir soruşturma gerçekleştirilerek, kavram derinleştirilmiştir. Bu kuramsal çerçevenin izleğinde Beatriz at Dinner filminin yapı-sökümcü bir yaklaşımla çözümlemesi yapılmıştır. Bir sinema filmine yönelik bu yapı-söküm çalışması, hem görsel imgelerin yapı-sökümünün yapılması bakımından yenilikçi bir çalışmadır hem de konukseverliği farklı bir perspektiften tekrar inşa etmek bakımından çokluk düşüncesini öne çıkartmayı amaçlamaktadır.
TUBERCULOSIS IN CINEMATIC NARRATIVES: ARCHITECTURAL SPACES AND SOCIO-SPATIAL CONSTRUCTS
Authors: Avcı Deniz
Published: August 2024

Pulmonary tuberculosis has been prominent in representations of illness in theater and cinema since the beginning of the nineteenth century. Tuberculosis has served as a convenient vehicle for “romantic storytelling,” and the sanatorium as an ideal film set, one whose bucolic setting evokes in the audience a sense of escaping into nature. Focusing on three films—Una Breve Vacanza (A Brief Vacation, Vittorio De Sica, 1973), Učitel Tance (The Dance Teacher, Jaromil Jireš, 1995), and Kelebeğin Rüyası (A Butterfly’s Dream, Yılmaz Erdoğan, 2013)—this study explores the medico-social reflections of tuberculosis and those aspects of the disease that make it such a favorite of cinema, including “easy acting,” “romantic storytelling,” and “visual and spatial aesthetics.” The three films examined here utilize sanatorium facilities’ venues, spaces, and architecture to create visually appealing and spatially engaging aesthetics. These films, all of which take place in the mid-twentieth century, are selected to include a diverse range of sanatorium venues and different typologies of sanatorium architecture. These films not only convey information about tuberculosis and three different global sanatorium cases but also serve as valuable archival documents that offer insights into the socio-spatiality of the disease in architecture and cinema.
YENİ SİNEMA TARİHİ ARAŞTIRMALARI ÇERÇEVESİNDE ORDU İLİNİN SİNEMA TARİHİ ÜZERİNE BİR SÖZLÜ TARİH ÇALIŞMASI (1912-1960): KENT, MAHALLE VE SİNEMA
Authors: Özsoy Mehtap
Published: August 2024

Türkiye’de sinema tarihinin kaynaklarını, büyük oranda dergiler, gazeteler ve İstanbul oluşturmaktadır. Filmlerle ilgili eleştiri yazılarını ve film gösterimlerine ilişkin haberleri konu edinen gazete ve dergiler üzerine şekillenen sinema tarihi sahasında, filmlere yönelik kronolojik bir tarihçilik ve yönetmenlere göre sinemanın dönemleştirilmesi esas almıştır. Sinemanın çok yönlü doğası, mekânsal organizasyonu, kültürel ve toplumsal dinamiklerle ilişkisi, seyirci özneleri, taşradaki sinema deneyimi gibi konular, uzunca bir dönem Türkiye’de yürütülen sinema tarihçiliğinin sahasında kendine yer edinmemiştir. Kısıtlı kaynaklar üzerinde yükselen sinema tarihi sahasının zenginleştirilmesinde, dahası kaynak eksikliğinden doğan kimi tartışmalı konuların aydınlatılmasında mevzubahis konuların önemi bilhassa 2000’li yıllarla, yeni sinema tarihi ile gündeme gelmiştir.
Yeni sinema tarihine yaslanan bu araştırmanın odağında, Ordu ili yer almaktadır. Ordu’nun sinema serüveni, yirminci yüzyıl başlarından 1950’li yılların sonlarına kadar, sözlü kaynaklar, yerel gazeteler, anı kitapları, sinema fotoğrafları, il yıllıkları gibi çeşitli kaynaklarla birlikte ele alınmıştır. Çalışma, sinema tarihi sahasına, seyyar film gösterimlerden, bilinen ilk sinema salonlarının organizasyonuna, salonların fiziksel özelliklerine, sinemada gösterilen sessiz filmlere, salon işletmecilerinin ve seyirci öznelerinin davranışlarına kadar kısıtlı bilgiye sahip olduğumuz erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiyesi’ndeki pek çok sinema pratiğine dair konulara, Ordu özelinde küçük bir kapı aralamaktadır. Araştırmada, Ordu’nun sinema tarihine, filmler, sinema salonlarının işletmecileri, çalışanları, sinema anıları, sinemanın kent, mahalle ve mekân fenomenleriyle ilişkisi çerçevesinden bakılmıştır. Bu anlamda, sinema salonları; localar, mevkiler, salondaki düzenin sağlanması gibi konular etrafında, sınıfsal, kültürel ve toplumsal dinamiklerle tartışılmıştır. Araştırma, bahsi geçen konularla, Türkiye’deki sinema tarihi alanına Ordu’nun özgün koşulları bağlamıyla katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Renal medullary perfusion differs from that in renal cortex in patients with sepsis associated acute kidney injury and correlates with renal function prognosis: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Rongping , Liu Dawei , Zhao Hua , Wang Xiaoting
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:

Renal perfusion status remains poorly studied at the bedside during sepsis associated acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of the study is to examine renal cortical and medullary perfusion using renal contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in septic patients.

METHODS:

In this single-center, prospective longitudinal study, septic patients were enrolled. Renal ultrasonography was performed within 24 hours of ICU admission (D1), then repeated at D3, D5 and D7. Each measurement consisted of three destruction replenishment sequences that were recorded for delayed analysis with dedicated software (Vuebox). Renal cortex and medulla perfusion were quantified by measuring time to peak (TTP). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate 28-day renal prognosis.

RESULTS:

The study included 149 septic patients, including 70 non-AKI patients and 79 AKI patients. Both renal cortical and medullary TTP was longer in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group. The difference of TTP between renal cortex and medulla in AKI group was higher than that in the non-AKI group ( p = 0.000). Medullary TTP on day 3 had the best performance in predicting the prognosis of 28-day renal function (AUC 0.673, 95% confidence interval 0.528–0.818, p = 0.024), and its cut-off value was 45 s with a sensitivity 52.2% and a specificity of 82.1%. Cortical TTP on day 3 also had the performance in predicting the prognosis of 28-day renal function (AUC 0.657, 95% confidence interval 0.514–0.800, p = 0.039), and its cut-off value was 33 s with a sensitivity 78.3% and a specificity of 55.0%.

CONCLUSION:

Renal medullary perfusion alterations differ from those in cortex, with the medulla is worse. Simultaneous and dynamic assessment of cortical and medullary microcirculatory flow alterations necessary. TTP on day 3, especially medullary TTP, seems to be a relatively stable and useful indicator, which correlates with 28-day renal function prognosis in septic patients. Early correction of renal cortical and medullary perfusion alterations reduces the incidence of adverse renal events.
Model predictive control based on Q-learning for magnetic levitation platform system
Authors: Ke Zhihao , Yi Huiyang , Zhang Penghui , Feng Yuexin , Liang Le , Deng Zigang
Published: August 2024

A model predictive control (MPC) method based on Q-learning algorithm, named QMPC, is proposed for weakly damped, nonlinear and open-loop unstable magnetic levitation platform (MLP) systems. In addition, the design of MPC controller for the MLP system, the state space of the MLP system airgap, the action space of the predictive horizon and control horizon, the reward and punishment function are also included in this research. Based on the Simscape and MATLAB/Simulink, the joint simulation of the MLP control system is realized. Compared with PID controller and traditional MPC controller, the simulation results show that QMPC controller has better disturbance rejection ability and tracking performance under six working conditions.
HNRNPA1 de novo Variant Associated with Early Childhood Onset, Rapidly Progressive Generalized Myopathy
Authors: Roos Andreas , Häusler Martin , Kollipara Laxmikanth , Topf Ana , Preusse Corinna , Stucka Rolf , Nolte Kay , Strom Tim , Berutti Riccardo , Jiang Xuehui , Koll Randi , Lochmüller Hanns , Schacht Sabine Maria , Zahedi René P. , Weis Joachim , Senderek Jan
Published: August 2024

HNRNPA1 variants are known to cause degenerative motoneuron and muscle diseases which manifests in middle age or later. We report on a girl with early childhood onset, rapidly progressive generalized myopathy including ultrastructural findings in line with a proteinopathy. Proteomics of patient-derived muscle and combined screening of genomic data for copy number variations identified a HNRNPA1 de novo intragenic deletion as causative for the phenotype. Our report expands the spectrum of HNRNPA1-related diseases towards early-childhood onset and adds HNRNPA1 to the growing list of ALS and myopathy genes for which certain mutations may cause severe pediatric phenotypes.
Some trends and patterns of firm financing in Colombia
Authors: Gómez Camilo , Meneses-González María Fernanda , Murcia Andrés , Quicazán-Moreno Carlos , Rozada Angie , Vargas-Herrera Hernando
Published: August 2024

After a protracted period of financial deepening following a financial crisis at the end of the 20th century, the ratio of corporate bank loans to GDP in Colombia stagnated between 2016 and 2019. In this paper, we explore if firms have substituted bank loans for other financial instruments or if there has been a deleveraging process. From a longer-term growth perspective, we also aim to investigate whether fast-growing firms differ from others in terms of their financial leverage. We find that the decline in the ratio of bank corporate loans to GDP is related to a substitution of funding sources and is not part of a firm’s balance sheet deleveraging process. We also find that the slowdown in financial liabilities coincided with a decrease in the investment-to-GDP ratio that was part of the macroeconomic adjustment to a sharp deterioration of terms of trade between 2014 and 2016. An exploration of granular firm data indicates that fast-sale-growing enterprises typically display greater total leverage ratios, but their relative reliance on financial liabilities is less clear. On the other hand, financial leverage is higher for firms that exhibit large CAPEX-to-asset ratios. Thus, the association between financial intermediation and investment seems stronger than between financial intermediation and sales growth.
Determinan Kepuasan Pengguna E-Wallet OVO dengan Keputusan Penggunaan Sebagai Mediasi
Authors: Natasya Afifah Salsabilah  , Sri Murtiasih
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the direct and indirect effects of ease of use and electronic word of mouth on user satisfaction, with the mediation of usage decisions among OVO e-wallet users. The population for this study consists of OVO e-wallet users in the Jabodetabek area in 2022. The sampling method used in this study is non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique, involving 150 respondents. Data collection was done using an online Google Form questionnaire. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 26 software. The analysis method used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which includes validity testing, reliability testing, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), normality testing, outlier testing, model fit testing, and hypothesis testing.
Reform of economic education or reform of economic knowledge?
Authors: Tambovtsev V. L.
Published: August 2024

Attention is drawn to the lack of counsel in the discussion of such a phenomenon as the possible presence among students of beliefs consistent with folk economics, which may hinder the acceptance of the provisions and principles of economic science. It is shown that when discussing the possibilities of wider inclusion in teaching of the provisions of heterodox economic theories, it makes sense to take into account the peculiarities of the definition of their subject matters. These peculiarities lead to the inclusion in the search for scientific solutions of “wicked problems”, which by definition do not have a scientific solution. The structure of the introductory course is proposed, that makes it possible to characterize the features of the real economy, the absence of which in standard introductory courses is pointed out by many researchers both in the domestic and world economic literature.
Monetary policy and long-run economic stability
Authors: Skorobogatov A. S.
Published: August 2024

Paper discusses the “Minsky’s paradox”, which states that the effect of anticyclical policy should weaken from one cycle to another, meaning that, to soften or postpone a crisis, a government will have to use stronger tools. To illustrate this regularity, we analyze the American data on interest rate and stock index over 59 years. The main result of the analysis is that over the recent decades the causal relationship between the interest rate and the stock index has changed, which is explained by the efforts of the monetary authorities to cope with the crises.
The world in the maze of sanctions: Ambiguity of empirical evidence
Authors: Fedyunina A. A. , Simachev Yu. V.
Published: August 2024

The article examines various effects of sanction restrictions on target countries. To achieve this, the results of over 50 academic studies from the past decade regarding the impact of sanctions on different countries are analyzed and structured. This analysis is based on the study of sanction episodes predominantly from the 1980s to 2015. It is noted that sanctions have been extensively employed in the past decade, attributed to the intensification of international competition and increased conflict in global development. It is shown that the effects of sanctions exhibit strong ambiguity, temporal variability, and multidirectionality. Both negative and certain stimulating changes in sanction effects are identified and systematized in the contexts of international trade and foreign direct investment. It is demonstrated that sanctions sometimes act as triggers for structural changes in sub-sanctioned economies, altering their integration into global production. The increasing involvement of various countries in sanction confrontations significantly alters the conditions for national economic policies, oriented towards structural changes and long-term perspectives, primarily for industrial policies. For many countries, the task of formulating industrial policy in line with the logic of restructuring global value chains and their participation becomes relevant. This task is characteristic not only for countries targeted by sanctions but also for sanction-sending countries, for which the reverse sanction effects are even less predictable.
Lower VAT rate in Russia: Abrogate or apply
Authors: Leonov E. A. , Belev S. G.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to a multilateral analysis of the VAT in Russia in the context of the problem of inequality based on RLMS and Rosstat data. The obtained estimates of elasticities of the VAT burden on the income, as well as the Kakwani and Musgrave indexes, show that the nature of VAT in Russia is generally more favorable than in OECD countries. In relation to income VAT is slightly regressive, but in relation to expenditures VAT cannot be recognized as regressive. The counterfactual analysis has shown that the lower 10% rate is a socially important element of the VAT and plays a noticeable leveling role. For the first time, microdata for Russia are used to assess the consequences of replacing the lower VAT rate with a direct targeted subsidy in the form of an additional child allowance. The results show that such a reform doesn’t solve the problem of inequality, since the poorest households get their little benefit not from the wealthiest, but rather from poor households of the 2nd—4th deciles.