bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implicaciones de la disminución de la capacidad productiva de granos básicos sobre la alimentación en comunidades rurales pobres de México
Authors: Quintero Peralta María Angélica , Gallardo Cobos Rosa María , Ceña Delgado Felisa
Published: February 2017

The structural changes ensuing from the policies implemented in the primary sector in Mexico have led to the deterioration of food production capacity in small producers, increasing rural poverty. We performed 132 interviews with small producers in Hidalgo, Mexico and Morelos to assess production conditions and income, and used a multinomial logistic regression model to assess food self-sufficiency. The results indicate that if the level of food production is not substantially changed, then the probability of improving food self-sufficiency is low; giving rise to the subsequent deepening of poverty.
Značaj razvijenih specifičnih sposobnosti na postignuća učenika
Authors: Dodig Maja , Preradović Ljubiša , Milanović Duška
Published: February 2017

U radu se fokusira značaj pripremne nastave za polaganje kvalifikacionog ispita iz predmeta Slobodno crtanje. Posmatra se značaj ovladavanja metodama grafičkog rada i uticaj razvijenih specifičnih sposobnosti na različita postignuća kandidata tokom odvijanja pripremne nastave i na kraju samog uspjeha na kvalifikacionom ispitu. Posebna pažnja se posvećuje rezultatima pohađanja pripremne nastave i uspjehu kandidata na kvalifikacionom ispitu. Analiziran je uticaj razvijenih specifičnih sposobnosti u okviru srednjoškolskog obrazovanja na uspjeh tokom pohađanja pripremne nastave i uspjeh na kvalifikacionom ispitu iz predmeta Slobodno crtanje. Autori argumentuju dvije hipoteze. Prva je da kandidati koji su pohađali pripremnu nastavu iz predmeta Slobodno crtanje ostvaruju bolje rezultate, a druga, da kandidati koji su u okviru srednjoškolskog obrazovanja ovladali metodama grafičkog rada ostvaruju bolje rezultate. Osim navedenog, ovo istraživanje otvara nekoliko novih tema.
Промишљање приступа регенерацији урбаног пејзажа: brownfield простори као стратешки ресурс
Authors: Новаковић Невена , Симоновић Дијана , Вујичић Тијана
Published: February 2017

Ово истраживање се бави проблемом трансформације урбаног пејзажа, посебно његове зелене структуре, у контексту урбанизације схваћене као сложеног друштвено‐просторног процеса глобалних и локалних карактеристика. Нови урбани пејзаж превазилази категорије градског центра и периферије у њиховом традиционалном односу, те су у истраживању разматране трансформације руралних предграђа и историјског градског језгра града Бањалуке. Идентификовани су проблеми квантитативног смањења зелене структуре која се преводи у грађевинско земљиште, смањење разноврсности њених просторних образаца и стварање новеслике урбаног пејзажа без упоришта у урбаном идентитету и традицији. Као могући приступ проблему предлаже се конципирање интердисциплинарне стратегије регенерације урбаног пејзажа, у којој је нагласак на интегралном приступу заштити, планирању и пројектовању урбане структуре. Као посебна категорија урбаног простора препознати су запуштени и неискоришћени простори, у стручном домену названи brownfield простори, као инструмент за заштиту и унапређење урбаног пејзажа.
Изазови оспорених вриједности и значаја регенерације напуштених и недовољно искоришћених простора у Републици Српској
Authors: Симоновић Дијана , Илић Далибор
Published: February 2017

У раду се покрећу питања и преиспитују узроци и ефекти занемаривања вриједности и значаја напуштених и недовољно искоришћених простора у Републици Српској (brownfield spaces, greenfield spaces) и наглашава нужност њихове регенерације. Урбана регенерацијa je схваћена истовремено као процес, стратегија и као свеобухватна метода урбане обнове – врло суптилна у односу према постојећој структури и активностима, заснована на принципима поштовања карактера простора, реафирмације и унапређења локалног и регионалног идентитета, уз уважавање историјског и савременог контекста. Проблеми и потенцијали ових стратешких просторних ресурса разматрани су и вредновани са еколошког, економског и социјалног аспекта, на основу чега се препоручује примјена интегралног приступа регенерацији у оквиру стратешког планирања.
Простор стваралаштва – између перцепције и доживљаја
Authors: Тркуља Тања
Published: February 2017

Текст се бави истраживачким процесом унутар методологије архитектонског пројектовања. Архитектонско пројектовање као вјечито трагање за одговарајућим идејним концептом, у бескрајном богатству варијанти које простор нуди, представља предмет рада у оквиру кога је постављен задатак тражења одговора на поједина питања перцепције. Основа рада је испитивање перцептивног доживљаја појединца при посматрању једног броја архитектонско‐умjетничких дјела, тј. фотографија архитектонских макета.
Типологија и типолошка трансформација као методолошки модел архитектонског пројектовања у процесу очувања културног идентитета
Authors: Милић Алексић Маја
Published: February 2017

У раду се разматра методолошки модел архитектонског пројектовања употребом типа и типолошке трансформације као механизма очувања идентитета и културне специфичности у нарастајућем феномену глобализације и унификације простора. Поставља се теоретски оквир генеративне типологије на којој може да се заснива пројектантски поступак са циљем остварења идентитета човјека у препознавању старог у новом, прошлости у будућности. Типолошка трансформација се посматра као концепт креативног мишљења који успоставља везу кроз вријеме, отварајући могућност појаве нових типова у складу са савременом потребом и естетиком. На тај начин се фокус усмјерава ка релацији архитектуре и корисника и његове идентификације са физички простором. Постављени теоретски оквир се даље испитује у облику скице методолошког модела архитектонског пројектовања у савременим условима истраживања кроз пројекат на примјеру града Требиња.
Припрема и ток изградње зграде Архитектонско‐грађевинско‐геодетског факултета Универзитета у Бањалуци
Authors: Чворо Саша , Чворо Малина , Белеслин Радован
Published: February 2017

Процес изградње зграде Архитектонско‐грађевинско‐геодетског факултета Универзитета у Бањалуци започео је 2008. године израдом неопходне техничке документације која је подразумијевала избор првонаграђеног конкурсног рјешења, израду Идејног и Главног пројекта и прибављање потребних сагласности и одобрења. Прва фаза изградње објекта је започела крајем 2012. године и подразумијева извођење дијела грубих грађевинских радова, односно изградњу основног конструктивног склопа, без израде завршних елемената вањског омотача, равног крова, унутрашњих обрада, инсталационих система и уградње уређаја и опреме. У раду се даје преглед припреме и израде инвестиционо‐техничке документације и ток радова на изградњи објекта.
The architecture and historical development of the convents in Banja Luka in the period between 1878 and 1918
Authors: Malinović Miroslav
Published: February 2017

Main scope of the work is architecture and development of catholic convents, belonging to different orders, in Banja Luka during Austro‐Hungarian occupation and rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina, between 1878 and 1918. Territorially and temporally, the study goes also beyond area of Banja Luka, as well asbeyond the years before and after the Congress of Berlin and WWI, which is caused by the existence of a relationship that goes further than official timeframes.Strategically, the work is based on common methods of research on architecture of monumental values. Discussion on the findings from the field research, as well as detailed research conducted in the convent archives and archives of relevant museums and libraries collections, is based on a structured evaluationand documentation of some well‐known and other mostly unpublished and original data for each of the convents. The work is enriched with information about social activities of monks and nuns, as well as their decisive importance for the development of the image of Banja Luka, as it is known today.
Дрвена решеткаста конструкција – грешке у пројектовању и извођењу
Authors: Текић Жикица , Ђорђевић Саша , Ненадовић Александра
Published: February 2017

У раду је приказана дрвена решеткаста конструкција једноводног крова, кроз фазе њеног пројектовања, прорачуна и извођења. Реч је о конструкцији која првобитно није изведена у складу са пројектном документацијом, након чега се приступило њеној санацији која није успела, да би у коначном облику била изведена нова конструкција крова. Намера је да се овим радом скрене пажња на важност свих фаза у изради кровне дрвене конструкције, како се не би десили слични пропусти током реализације једног пројекта.
Ispitivanje krovne konstrukcije sportske dvorane na Palama probnim opterećenjem
Authors: Jokić Dejana , Latinović Marina
Published: February 2017

U radu je prikazan princip statičkog ispitivanja rešetkastog krovnog nosača sportske dvorane, izgrađene uz osnovnu školu „Srbija“ u Palama. Prilikom ispitivanja vršena je simulacija opterećenja od snježnog pokrivača na krovu, a obuhvaćen je jedan glavni čelični rešetkasti (tropojasni) krovni nosač, raspona L=23 m. Izvršena su sljedeća mjerenja i osmatranja krovne rešetke: mjerenje vertikalnih ugiba namjestima L/2, L/4 i L/8 raspona konstrukcije, mjerenje pomjeranja oslonaca, mjerenje lokalnih deformacija i mjerenje trajnih ugiba i deformacija konstrukcije poslije rasterećenja, te je izvršeno njihovo poređenje sa projektovanim vrijednostima.
Спрегнути друмски мостови са префабрикованим коловозним плочама
Authors: Ковачевић Саша
Published: February 2017

У раду су представљени спрегнути друмски мостови изграђени помоћу префабрикованих коловозних плоча. Префабриковани елементи су погодни за мостове малих и средњих распона. Префабриковани системи се користе за изградњу нових и за реконструкцију и рехабилитацију постојећих мостова. Представљене су двије врсте префабрикованих коловозних плоча, дјелимично и потпуно префабриковане. Предности и недостаци примјене префабрикованих елемената су такође наведени. Осим тога, рад приказује детаље остваривања континуитета између елемената, начин њиховог повезивања, различите врсте и распоред средстава за спрезање. Приказане су различите врсте и специјална разматрања за конструисање попречних спојева. За постизање подужног смичућег споја између префабрикованих армиранобетонских елемената и челичних носача уобичајено се користе груписани чеп можданици (можданици са главом) и завртњеви. Оба средства за спрезање могу се подједнако користити у префабрикованим мостовима, док се предност завртњева огледа у једноставнијем одржавању и уклањању конструкције након достигнутог животног вијека. Употребом префабрикације могу се смањити укупни трошкови и вријеме изградње спрегнутих мостова.
Бифуркациона стабилност танких плоча са имплементацијом рачунарског програма
Authors: Мрђа Наташа , Мајсторовић Дијана , Дошеновић Милорад , Милашиновић Драган
Published: February 2017

С обзиром на сложеност проблема напонско‐деформацијског стања и стабилности конструктивних система, у раду је примијењена нелинеарна теорија. Приказано је извођење матрице крутости и геометријске матрице крутости, те дефинисан проблем бифуркационе стабилности. Рјешавање проблема бифуркационе стабилности представља одређивање својствених вриједности једначина који у ствари представљају одређивање критичних сила. Проблем бифуркационе стабилности је у овом раду разматран на танким плочама. На основу теоријског дијела, представљен је програм МКЕБС, настао у програмском пакету Mathematica, са циљем да се добију критичне силе плоча дискретизованих са низом елемената, што је кроз примјере приказано као коначан резултат рада.
Материјално нелинеарна анализа решеткастих носача у равни
Authors: Борковић Александар , Милашиновић Драган , Славнић Слободан
Published: February 2017

У раду се даје један приступ еласто‐пластичној анализи грађевинских конструкција. Кориштен је једноставан коначни елемент раванске решетке са два чвора. Овај елемент је идеалан за изучавање основа теорије пластичности јер је стање и напона и деформација једнодимензионално. Примијењен је материјални модел линеарног изотропног ојачања. Алгоритам добро познат у литератури је програмиран у програмском пакету Wolfram Mathematica. Добијени резултати се у потпуности поклапају са онима добијеним комерцијалним софтверским пакетима. Програмски код је отвореног типа и доступан је свима у образовне сврхе.
Elasto‐plastično izvijanje i ostali efekti membranskih sila u tankozidnim nosačima
Authors: Majstorović Dijana , Došenović Milorad , Mrđa Nataša , Milašinović Dragan
Published: February 2017

Nelinearna elasto‐plastična GBT (Generalised Beam Theory) se koristi uglavnom za analizu stabilnosti tankozidnih elemenata od čelika i aluminijuma. Analiza se sastoji od proračuna deformacije poprečnog presjeka (lokalna) i elemenata (globalna), i pokazala se kao vrlo efikasna za analizu lokalne i globalne stabilnosti tankozidnih hladnooblikovanih čeličnih (izotropnih) i kompozitnih (ortotropnih) elemenata. U ovom radu posebna pažnja je posvećena potrebi definisanja problema stabilnosti u zavisnosti od trenutnih modula elastičnosti. Potvrđivanje predložene GBT, njene jedinstvene karakteristike i mogućnosti ilustrovani su na primjeru ravnomjerno pritisnute pravougaone ploče od nerđajućeg čelika.
Razvoj dvoosnog pobuđivača harmonijskih vibracija
Authors: Mijatović Ognjen , Desančić Manuel , Borković Aleksandar
Published: February 2017

U radu se daje kratak prikaz razvoja uređaja za harmonijsku pobudu modela građevinskih konstrukcija. Uređaj je razvijen u namjeri približavanja eksperimentalne dinamičke analize konstrukcija studentima i inženjerima građevinarstva.Osnovni pogonski mehanizam uređaja su elektromotori čije se rotaciono kretanje prevodi u translatorno. Ovo omogućava da se modelima mogu zadati harmonijski poremećaji koji i jesu među najčešćim u eksperimentalnoj analizi konstrukcija.U skladu sa skromnim materijalnim sredstvima, cilj je postavljen tako da uređaj bude izvodiv a istovremeno i primjenljiv za određene tipove eksperimenata, u čemu se i uspjelo.
Регулатива из области примјене рециклираног агрегата
Authors: Радоњанин Властимир , Малешев Мирјана , Броћета Гордана , Грабеж Милка
Published: February 2017

Посљедњих неколико година учињен је значајан напредак у погледу доношења техничке регулативе везане за рециклирани агрегат, што утиче на олакшавање и подстицај његове практичне примјене. Ипак, нови европски прописи су још увијек непотпуни, а национални стандарди и препоруке појединих земаља међусобно неусаглашене. C oбзиром на непостојање важеће техничке регулативе у нашој држави, од изузетног је значаја познавање иностране регулативе, препорука и искустава у погледу примјене рециклираног агрегата, а што се у раду приказује. Посебан акценат стављен је на пројектовање конструкцијских бетона на бази рециклираног агрегата, добијеног прерадом отпадног бетона.
Model of Integrated/Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Republic of Srpska – comparative analysis between two different municipalities
Authors: Topić Milan , Preradović Ljubiša
Published: February 2017

Establishing an Integrated/Sustainable Solid Waste Management (ISWM) system that is accessible and financially supported represents a significant challenge for Republic of Srpska. Fragmentation of solid waste collection and disposal systems, technically unapproved landfills, absence of treatment technologies and insufficient number of recycling centers are some of identified problems. In order to identify the effectiveness in delivering SWM services and to emphasize the problems, the ISWM model was developed and tested on the case studies. This model illustrates a current practice in WM for two selected municipalities (Banja Luka and Šipovo).
Traffic Efficiency Evaluation of Elliptical Roundabout Compared with Modern and Turbo Roundabouts Considering Traffic Signal Control
Authors: Hatami Hadi , Aghayan Iman
Published: February 2017

This paper compared the performance of elliptical roundabout with turbo and modern roundabouts. It considers the effects of increasing the central island radius and speed limit on delay and capacity. Three types of roundabouts (modern, turbo and elliptical roundabouts) with different numbers of lanes (single lane, two-lane and three-lane) were designed. Unsignalized and signalized controls were applied for these roundabouts. The robustness of the designed roundabouts was investigated for saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. Based on the obtained results, increasing the central island radius had both positive and negative effects on delay and capacity. However, a positive effect on these variables was observed in all roundabouts when increasing the speed limit. In unsignalized and signalized control under unsaturated flow conditions, a modern roundabout had lower delay time than an elliptical roundabout. Moreover, in saturated flow, the elliptical roundabout had the best performance in terms of delay. Overall, in comparison with the turbo roundabouts, modern and elliptical roundabouts had the highest capacities in unsignalized and signalized controls. This study can provide useful information for engineers who decide to design a roundabout.
Methodology of Transport Scheme Selection for Metro Trains Using a Combined Simulation-Optimization Model
Authors: Stoilova Svetla Dimitrova , Stoev Veselin Valentinov
Published: February 2017

A major problem connected with planning the organization of trains in metros is the optimization of the scheme of movement, which determines the routing and the number of trains. In this paper, a combined simulation-optimization model including four steps is proposed. In the first step, the train movement has been simulated in order to study the interval between the trains according to the incoming passenger flows at the stations. The simulation model was elaborated using the ARENA software. The results were validated through experimental observations. Using the results obtained from simulations in the second step the correlation between the observed parameters - the incoming passengers and the interval between trains - has been studied. Recent research has established a non-linear relationship between the interval of movement, incoming passengers at the station and passengers on the platform. The third step defines the variant schemes of transportation. The fourth step presents the optimal choice of transportation of trains in metros based on linear optimization model. The model uses the regression obtained in the second step. The practicability of the combined simulation-optimization model is demonstrated through the case study of Sofia’s metro in two peak periods – morning and evening. The model results and the real situation have been compared. It was found that the model results are similar to the real data for the morning peak period but for the evening peak period it is necessary to increase the number of trains.
Aberrant corticosteroid metabolism in tumor cells enables GR takeover in enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Li Jianneng , Alyamani Mohammad , Zhang Ao , Chang Kai-Hsiung , Berk Michael , Li Zhenfei , Zhu Ziqi , Petro Marianne , Magi-Galluzzi Cristina , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Garcia Jorge A , Courtney Kevin , Klein Eric A , Sharifi Nima
Published: February 2017

Prostate cancer is driven by androgen stimulation of the androgen receptor (AR). The next-generation AR antagonist, enzalutamide, prolongs survival, but resistance and lethal disease eventually prevail. Emerging data suggest that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is upregulated in this context, stimulating expression of AR-target genes that permit continued growth despite AR blockade. However, countering this mechanism by administration of GR antagonists is problematic because GR is essential for life. We show that enzalutamide treatment in human models of prostate cancer and patient tissues is accompanied by a ubiquitin E3-ligase, AMFR, mediating loss of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11β-HSD2), which otherwise inactivates cortisol, sustaining tumor cortisol concentrations to stimulate GR and enzalutamide resistance. Remarkably, reinstatement of 11β-HSD2 expression, or AMFR loss, reverses enzalutamide resistance in mouse xenograft tumors. Together, these findings reveal a surprising metabolic mechanism of enzalutamide resistance that may be targeted with a strategy that circumvents a requirement for systemic GR ablation.
Preparation of Biofuel from Palm Oil Catalyzed by Ammonium Molybdate in Homogeneous Phase
Authors: Sadighi Sepehr , Masoudian Targhi Seyed Kamal
Published: February 2017

Producing transportation fuels from bio sources was of prime importance due to the strict environmental legislations for producing clean fuels from conventional oil resources. However, the economical impacts of the biofuel production should be considered. In this study, the production of bio-naphtha and biodiesel from palm oil using homogeneous catalyst, i.e. an aqueous phase of ammonium molybdate, was studied. This catalyst was prepared by dissolving sodium molybdate in de-ionized water with hydrochloric acid, and then neutralizing the mixture with ammonium hydroxide. The solution was dried at 90 °C for 24 h to obtain ammonium molybdate. Then, characterization of the catalyst was done by informative techniques, such as XRD and FT-IR. The results showed that the main phase of the synthesized catalyst was molybdate ammonium hydrates (4MoO3.2NH3.H2O), and also bands of Mo–O, Mo–O–Mo, N–H and surface hydroxyl groups were observed in the sample. Moreover, activity test confirms that the bio-naphtha produced from the proposed method has a few aromatic components, and its sulfur content was negligible. Moreover, ash, nitrogen, sulfur and carbon residue were not detected in the produced biodiesel, and its Cetane index was 66.3. Therefore, it was a suitable fuel for diesel engines vehicles.
Photocatalytic Reduction of Aqueous Cr(VI) with CdS under Visible Light Irradiation: Effect of Particle Size
Authors: Makama A. B. , Salmiaton Ali , Saion Elias B. , Choong T.S.Y. , Abdullah N.
Published: February 2017

Stringent environmental standards have made the removal of Cr(VI) from water an important problem for environmental scientist and engineering. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using suspended photocatalyst is an interesting technique to consider for this application. In this work, the influence of particle size of suspended CdS on the photocatalytic reduction of aqueous Cr(VI) ion was investigated. The efficiency of Cr(VI) reduction was monitored through UV-visible analysis. The experimental results showed that the nanoparticle size has a dramatic effect on the adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI). As surface area increased from 44.2±0.6 to 98.7±0.5 m2/g due to particle size reduction, the rate of Cr(VI) reduction nearly doubled in the first 20 min of visible light irradiation. The results evidenced the inverse relationship between the apparent reduction rate constant and the CdS particle size. Conversely, the half-life (t1/2) period of the photocatalytic reduction has a direct relationship with CdS particle sizes.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange on Bi2O3 and Ag2O-Bi2O3 Nano Photocatalysts
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Ali , Saeedi Ramin
Published: February 2017

The photocatalytic activity of Bi2O3 and Ag2O-Bi2O3 was evaluated by degradation of aqueous methyl orange as a model dye effluent. Bi2O3 was synthesized using chemical precipitation method. Structural analysis revealed that Bi2O3 contain a unique well-crystallized phase and the average crystallite size of 22.4 nm. The SEM analysis showed that the size of Bi2O3 particles was mainly in the range of 16-22 nm. The most important variables affecting the photocatalytic degradation of dyes, namely reaction time, initial pH and catalyst dosage were studied, and their optimal amounts were found at 60 min, 5.58 and 0.025 g, respectively. A good correlation was found between experimental and predicted responses, confirming the reliability of the model. Incorporation of Ag2O in the structure of composite caused decreasing band gap and its response to visible light. Because a high percentage of sunlight is visible light, hence Ag2O-Bi2O3 nano-composite could be used as an efficient visible light driven photocatalyst for degradation of dye effluents by sunlight.
SAMHSA publishes proposal for new draft data collection tool
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

Last month, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) published a document in the Federal Register announcing specifications for comments on a new document: the SAMHSA Unified Client‐level Performance Reporting Tool (SUPRT). The Aug. 15 Federal Register notice, however, was missing the website to view the proposed draft tool. In a correction published last week, SAMHSA included the web address. Comments on the tool are due Oct. 15.
Lethal fentanyl analog shows increase across U.S.
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

According to urine drug tests, carfentanil, a lethal illegal analog of fentanyl, is surging across the United States. A Sept. 24 Millennium Health Signals Alert reported an uptick in detections since the substance reemerged in 2023.
Fusobacterium Nucleatum Promotes Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Carcinoma Through Up‐regulation of miRNA‐155‐5p‐Targeted Inhibition of MSH6 via the TLR4/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway.
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Huang Qiaozhen , Zhu Yuejia , Chen Liquan , Ye Kai
Published: September 2024

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is significantly associated with poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), however, mechanisms of Fn in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in CRC have not been fully elucidated. Clinical samples are collected to analyze the relationship between Fn abundance and microsatellite stability. Tumor cells are treated with Fn to detect the expression of proteins related to toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), mutS homolog 6 (MSH6), and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathways, respectively. Combined with the prediction results from TargetScan, the regulatory role of microRNA upstream of MSH6 is demonstrated. The effect of this regulatory axis on CRC development is demonstrated using a nude mouse tumor model. Compared with microsatellite stability (MSS)‐type CRC patients, MSI‐type showed higher Fn abundance. Fn treatment of CRC cells activated TLR4/Myd88/NF‐κB signaling pathway, transcriptionally activating miRNA‐155‐5p expression, thereby negatively regulating MSH6. Fn treatment accelerated the malignant progression of CRC in mice, and this process is inhibited by miRNA‐155‐5p antagomir. Fn in CRC upregulated miRNA‐155‐5p by activating TLR4/NF‐κB signaling to inhibit MSH6, and this regulatory pathway may affect MSS of cancer cells.
Spatiotemporal Control Over Protein Release from Artificial Cells via a Light‐Activatable Protease
Authors: Hazegh Nikroo Arjan , Altenburg Wiggert J. , van Veldhuisen Thijs W. , Brunsveld Luc , van Hest Jan C. M.
Published: September 2024

The regulation of protein uptake and secretion by cells is paramount for intercellular signaling and complex multicellular behavior. Mimicking protein‐mediated communication in artificial cells holds great promise to elucidate the underlying working principles, but remains challenging without the stimulus‐responsive regulatory machinery of living cells. Therefore, systems to precisely control when and where protein release occurs should be incorporated in artificial cells. Here, a light‐activatable TEV protease (LaTEV) is presented that enables spatiotemporal control over protein release from a coacervate‐based artificial cell platform. Due to the presence of Ni2+‐nitrilotriacetic acid moieties within the coacervates, His‐tagged proteins are effectively sequestered into the coacervates. LaTEV is first photocaged, effectively blocking its activity. Upon activation by irradiation with 365 nm light, LaTEV cleaves the His‐tags from sequestered cargo proteins, resulting in their release. The successful blocking and activation of LaTEV provides control over protein release rate and triggerable protein release from specific coacervates via selective irradiation. Furthermore, light‐activated directional transfer of proteins between two artificial cell populations is demonstrated. Overall, this system opens up avenues to engineer light‐responsive protein‐mediated communication in artificial cell context, which can advance the probing of intercellular signaling and the development of protein delivery platforms.
High Ion‐Conductive Interphase Enabled by Nitrate‐Ionic Liquid Additive for Low‐Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: He Zhigang , Tu Haifeng , Sun Guochao , Sun Ao , Wang Yuchen , Sun Jiapeng , Wu Guosong , Li Wanfei , Xu Jingjing , Liu Meinan
Published: September 2024

The development of high‐performance low‐temperature lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is hindered by severe lithium dendrite growth and sluggish charge transfer, both of which can be effectively addressed by constructing a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with improved Li+ transport kinetics. Compared to the soft organic SEI layers, LiF‐rich SEI shows sufficient mechanical strength to impede lithium dendrite growth, however, its extremely low ionic conductivity (≈10−13 S cm−1) hinders Li+ transport kinetics at low temperatures. Herein, a quasi‐ionic liquid (QIL, [Li(15‐crown‐5)]NO3) additive with rich NO3− is developed by introducing 15‐crown‐5 into LiNO3, which induces the in situ formation of SEI with abundant Li3N. Impressively, this Li3N SEI exhibits superior lithium affinity and lower ionic diffusion barriers as learned from empirical and computational studies, suggesting that it may be powerful to conquer the sluggish Li+ kinetics at low temperature. With the assistance of QIL additive, Li/LiCoO2 cells with a high mass loading of 11.5 mg cm−2 demonstrate stable cycling for 250 cycles without any capacity decay at ‐20 °C. This work opens an emerging avenue to construct high‐performance low‐temperature LMBs by manipulating SEI composition.
Roughened Graphite Collector Coupled with Hydrolysis‐Resistance Zinc Chloride Electrolyte Enables Large‐Size Rechargeable Ag–Zn Battery
Authors: Deng Yifan , Wu Jie , Zhang Minggang , Mei Hui , Chen Chao , Cheng Laifei , Zhang Litong
Published: September 2024

Ag–Zn batteries have the advantages of being a high‐safety and stable discharge platform but still face challenges such as high cost, electrolyte hydrolysis, and zinc dendrites. In this study, a low‐cost roughness graphite paper (GP) enables more uniform loaded Ag particles to construct Ag/rough graphite paper (Ag/RGP) cathode with high wettability of low‐concentration ZnCl2 electrolyte, achieving both capacity and reversibility enhancement. Both a few additions of citric acid (CA) to the low‐concentration ZnCl2 electrolyte can also inhibit the hydrolysis of Zn2+ and increase the nucleation overpotential due to suitable acidity and complexation ability, resulting in more even Zn deposited behavior on low‐cost Zn foil anode. Meanwhile, the ZnCl2‐CA electrolyte can also promote redox reaction and thus improve the capacity of the Ag/RGP cathode. As a result, the assembled large‐size Ag–Zn battery (50 cm2) with low‐cost Ag/RGP and low‐concentration ZnCl2‐CA obtains a capacity of 0.76 mAh cm−2 at a current density of 0.4 mA cm−2, with a cycle life of ≈100% capacity retention over 50 cycles, also easily powering a LED array and displaying high practicability. This work provides a feasible and practical route to fabricate large‐size and low‐cost Ag–Zn batteries.
Role of Inter‐Particle Connectivity in the Photo‐Carrier Cooling Dynamics in Perovskite Quantum Dot Solids
Authors: Tiede David O. , Koch Katherine A. , Romero‐Pérez Carlos , Ucer K. Burak , Calvo Mauricio E. , Galisteo‐López Juan F. , Míguez Hernán , Srimath Kandada Ajay Ram
Published: September 2024

Intraband carrier relaxation in quantum dots (QDs) has been a subject of extensive spectroscopic investigation for several decades, and have been used to optimize the efficiency of opto‐electronic processes. In the past few years, metal halide perovskites‐based QDs have been shown to exhibit slow hot‐carrier cooling characteristics that are desirable for photo‐energy harvesting technologies. While several mechanisms are proposed to rationalize the retardation of the cooling dynamics, including hot‐phonon bottleneck and polaronic effects, the role of inter‐particle connectivity in these dynamics is largely ignored. Here, an in‐depth study of photo‐excitation dynamics and carrier cooling on perovskite QD solids with varying degrees of inter‐dot coupling is presented. It is observed that inter‐particle connectivity has deterministic effects on the many‐body interactions that are relevant for carrier cooling. These include carrier–carrier interactions that result in Auger‐reheating of the carriers, and lattice characteristics that subsequently affect the phonon‐assisted cooling dynamics. This spectroscopic study of ultrafast carrier dynamics in perovskite QD solids establishes inter‐dot separation as a critical material design parameter for the optimization of photo‐generated carrier temperature, which fundamentally determines the luminescence characteristics and thus the opto‐electronic quality of the material.
Upconversion‐Linked Branched DNA Hybridization Assay for the Detection of Bacteriophage M13
Authors: Brandmeier Julian C. , Kuusinen Saara , Farka Zdeněk , Soukka Tero , Gorris Hans H.
Published: September 2024

The demand for highly sensitive methods of pathogen detection drives the development of new diagnostic assays. While nucleic acid amplification methods such as PCR are very sensitive and remain widely used, they may be limited in complex sample matrices due to the presence of polymerase inhibitors. On the other hand, the direct detection of nucleic acids by DNA hybridization assays is simple but typically less sensitive. This work combines a branched DNA (bDNA) hybridization assay with upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) labels to enhance the sensitivity of DNA detection. The anti‐Stokes emission of UCNP labels enables measurements without optical background interference. The bDNA assay relies on a series of oligonucleotide probes creating a branched structure with several binding sites for biotinylated amplification probes and streptavidin‐conjugated UCNPs. Several configurations of the bDNA assay are investigated to achieve the highest signal amplification and the lowest background signal. The optimal configuration of bDNA assay yields a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.9 × 104 cfu mL−1 for the target DNA of the bacteriophage M13. The upconversion‐linked bDNA assay is easily adaptable to other target DNAs by adjusting the oligonucleotide probes.
Graphene Microelectrode Arrays, 4D Structured Illumination Microscopy, and a Machine Learning Spike Sorting Algorithm Permit the Analysis of Ultrastructural Neuronal Changes During Neuronal Signaling in a Model of Niemann–Pick Disease Type C
Authors: Lu Meng , Hui Ernestine , Brockhoff Marius , Träuble Jakob , Fernandez‐Villegas Ana , Burton Oliver J , Lamb Jacob , Ward Edward , Woodhams Philippa J , Tadbier Wadood , Läubli Nino F , Hofmann Stephan , Kaminski Clemens F , Lombardo Antonio , Kaminski Schierle Gabriele S
Published: September 2024

Simultaneously recording network activity and ultrastructural changes of the synapse is essential for advancing understanding of the basis of neuronal functions. However, the rapid millisecond‐scale fluctuations in neuronal activity and the subtle sub‐diffraction resolution changes of synaptic morphology pose significant challenges to this endeavor. Here, specially designed graphene microelectrode arrays (G‐MEAs) are used, which are compatible with high spatial resolution imaging across various scales as well as permit high temporal resolution electrophysiological recordings to address these challenges. Furthermore, alongside G‐MEAs, an easy‐to‐implement machine learning algorithm is developed to efficiently process the large datasets collected from MEA recordings. It is demonstrated that the combined use of G‐MEAs, machine learning (ML) spike analysis, and 4D structured illumination microscopy (SIM) enables monitoring the impact of disease progression on hippocampal neurons which are treated with an intracellular cholesterol transport inhibitor mimicking Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC), and show that synaptic boutons, compared to untreated controls, significantly increase in size, leading to a loss in neuronal signaling capacity.
Fluid‐Infiltrated Metalens‐Driven Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Optical Wireless Communications
Authors: Khalid Ramna , Kim Jaekyung , Mahmood Nasir , Cabrera Humberto , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Danner Aaron , Zubair Muhammad , Rho Junsuk
Published: September 2024

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), a leading‐edge technology, represents a new paradigm for adaptive control of electromagnetic waves between a source and a user. While RIS technology has proven effective in manipulating radio frequency waves using passive elements such as diodes and MEMS, its application in the optical domain is challenging. The main difficulty lies in meeting key performance indicators, with the most critical being accurate and self‐adjusting positioning. This work presents an alternative RIS design methodology driven by an all‐silicon structure and fluid infiltration, to achieve real‐time control of focal length toward a designated user, thereby enabling secure data transmission. To validate the concept, both numerical simulations and experimental investigations of the RIS design methodology are conducted to demonstrate the performance of fluid‐infiltrated metalens‐driven RIS for this application. When combined with different fluids, the resulting ultra‐compact RIS exhibits exceptional varifocal abilities, ranging from 0.4 to 0.5 mm, thereby confirming the adaptive tuning capabilities of the design. This may significantly enhance the modulation of optical waves and promote the development of RIS‐based applications in wireless communications and secure data‐transmission integrated photonic devices.
Decorated‐Induced Oxygen Vacancy Engineering for Ultra‐Low Concentration Nonanal Sensing: A Case Study of La‐Decorated Bi2O2CO3
Authors: Zheng Zichen , Liu Kewei , Zhou Yiwen , Xu Kaichun , Luo Yifan , Ding Jiabao , Bittencourt Carla , Debliquy Marc , Zhang Chao
Published: September 2024

La‐decorated Bi2O2CO3 (BCO‐La) microspheres are synthesized using a facile wet chemical strategy for sensing low‐concentration nonanal (C9H18O) at room temperature. These BCO‐La gas sensors are applied to evaluate agricultural product quality, specifically for cooked rice. The sensitivity of the BCO‐6La sensor significantly surpassed that of the pure BCO sensor, achieving a response value of 174.6 when detecting 30 ppm nonanal gas. Notably, the BCO‐6La sensor demonstrated a faster response time (36 s) when exposed to 18 ppm of nonanal. Additionally, the selectivity toward nonanal gas detection is higher (approximately 4–24 times) compared to interfering gases (1‐octanol, geranyl acetone, linalool, hexanal, 2‐pentyfuran, and 1‐octen‐3‐ol) during cooked rice quality detection. The gas sensing mechanism and the factors contributing to the enhanced sensing performance of the BCO‐La microspheres are demonstrated through in situ FT‐IR spectra and DFT analysis while the realistic detection scenario is carried out. In a broader context, the reported sensors here represent a novel platform for the detection and monitoring of gases released by agricultural products during storage.
Enhancing antibacterial photodynamic therapy with NIR‐activated gold nanoclusters: Atomic‐precision size effect on reducing bacterial biofilm formation and virulence
Authors: Liu Chengyu , Tian Tenghui , Shi Yujia , Li Meiqi , Hong Le , Zhou Jing , Liu Jia , Zhong Yuan , Wang Xue , Wang Zhenyu , Bai Xue , Wang Lin , Li Chunyan , Wu Zhennan
Published: September 2024

Persistent biofilm infections pose a critical health threat with their relentless presence and amplified antibiotic resistance. Traditional antibacterial photodynamic therapy can inhibit bacteria extracellularly but struggles to control biofilm formation and virulence. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop photosensitizers, such as ultra‐small gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), that can penetrate biofilms and internalize into bacteria. However, AuNCs still face the challenge of insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and limited near‐infrared light absorption. This study develops a model of indocyanine green (ICG)‐sensitized AuNCs with atomic‐precision size effect. This approach achieved near‐infrared light absorption while inhibiting radiation transitions, thereby regulating the generation of ROS. Notably, different‐sized AuNCs (Au10NCs, Au15NCs, Au25NCs) yielded varied ROS types, resulting from different energy level distributions and electron transfer rates. ICG‐Au15NCs achieved a treatment efficacy of 99.94% against Staphylococcus aureus infections in vitro and significantly accelerated wound healing in vivo. Moreover, this study highlights the unique role of ICG‐AuNCs in suppressing quorum sensing, virulence, and ABC transporters compared to their larger counterparts. This strategy demonstrates that atomic‐precision size effect of AuNCs paves the way for innovative approaches in antibacterial photodynamic therapy for infection control.
Lessons learned from victimised adults in Taiwan: what does it mean to repair parent–child relationships?
Authors: Chang Hsiao‐Pei
Published: September 2024

Exposure to domestic violence can lead children to adopt specific roles or behaviours to cope with violent situations, which can have detrimental effects on their lives and require significant resources to address. Domestic violence can also severely damage the parent–child relationship. Adults who experienced childhood abuse often feel the need to repair these relationships, but the lack of trust in the abusive parent makes this process particularly challenging. This study aims to explore the subjective interpretations and experiences of victimised adults in Taiwan as they work to restore parent–child relationships following the cessation of domestic violence. Employing a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, the researcher conducted semi‐structured interviews with eight participants. Data analysis yielded three overarching themes related to the interpretation of restored parent–child relationships and eight themes pertaining to the experiences of restoring these relationships. These themes revealed that the core theme of the experience of restoring parent–child relationships among adults who experienced childhood abuse is ‘forgiveness and rebirth’. The study's findings emphasise that the restored parent–child relationship is not an ideal one but rather a relationship that acknowledges the limitations of both parents and children. It is a relationship where children can demonstrate filial piety without being undifferentiatedly obedient. In the context of Chinese culture, where relationships hold great significance, the researcher suggests that relational resilience serves as the driving force that enables family systems to progress towards relational wellbeing. Mental health practitioners must recognise and respect the client's cultural identity. When assisting adults who endured childhood domestic violence in mending their parent–child relationships, efforts should focus on fostering self‐in‐relation to promote their wellbeing.
Palaeohistology of Macrospondylus bollensis (Crocodylomorpha: Thalattosuchia: Teleosauroidea) from the Posidonienschiefer Formation (Toarcian) of Germany, with insights into life history and ecology
Authors: Johnson Michela M. , Scheyer Torsten M. , Canoville Aurore , Maxwell Erin E.
Published: September 2024

The Posidonienschiefer Formation of southern Germany has yielded an array of incredible fossil vertebrates. One of the best represented clades therein is Teleosauroidea, a successful thalattosuchian crocodylomorph group that dominated the coastlines. The most abundant teleosauroid, Macrospondylus bollensis, is known from a wide range of body sizes, making it an ideal taxon for histological and ontogenetic investigations. Previous studies examining thalattosuchian histology provide a basic understanding of bone microstructure in teleosauroids, but lack the taxonomic, stratigraphic, and ontogenetic control required to understand growth and palaeobiology within a species. Here, we examine the bone microstructure of three femora and one tibia from three different‐sized M. bollensis individuals. We also perform bone compactness analyses to evaluate for ontogenetic and ecological variation. Our results suggests that (1) the smallest specimen was a young, skeletally immature individual with well‐vascularized‐parallel‐fibered bone and limited remodeling in the midshaft periosteal cortex; (2) the intermediate specimen was skeletally immature at death, with vascularized parallel‐fibered bone tissue interrupted by at least 10 LAGs, but no clear external fundamental system (EFS), and rather extensive inner cortical bone remodeling; and (3) the largest specimen was skeletally mature, with parallel‐fibered bone tissue interrupted by numerous LAGs, a well‐developed EFS, and extensive remodeling in the deep cortex. Macrospondylus bollensis grew relatively regularly until reaching adult size, and global bone compactness values fall within the range reported for modern crocodylians. The lifestyle inference models used suggest that M. bollensis was well adapted for an aquatic environment but also retained some ability to move on land. Finally, both larger specimens display a peculiar, localized area of disorganized bone tissue interpreted as pathological.
Novel Carbohydrate Polymer‐Based Systems for Precise Drug Delivery in Colon Cancer: Improving Treatment Effectiveness With Intelligent Biodegradable Materials
Authors: Udaipuria Nikita , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: September 2024

Due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and controlled release, carbohydrates polymers are crucial to targeted drug delivery systems, notably for colon cancer treatment. This article examines how carbohydrate polymers like chitosan, pectin, guar gum, alginate, hyaluronic acid, dextran, and chondroitin sulfate are used in improved drug delivery. Modifying these polymers improves drug loading, stability, and release patterns, enhancing chemotherapeutic drugs' therapeutic index. Chitosan nanoparticles are pH‐responsive, making them perfect for cancer treatment. Pectin's resistance to gastric enzymes and colonic bacteria makes it a promising colon‐specific medication delivery agent. The combination of these polymers with nanotechnology, 3D printing, and AI allows the creation of stimuli‐responsive systems that release drugs precisely in response to environmental signals like pH, redox potential, or colon enzymatic activity. The review highlights intelligent delivery system design advances that reduce systemic toxicity, improve treatment efficacy, and improve patient adherence. Carbohydrate polymers will revolutionize colon cancer treatment with personalized and accurate alternatives.