bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kebijakan Otonomi Perguruan Tinggi sebagai Dampak Reformasi Keuangan dalam Bidang Pendidikan di Indonesia
Authors: Adam Adam
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian untuk mendiskripsikan kebijakan otonomi perguruan tinggi sebagai dampak reformasi keuangan dalam bidang pendidikan. Kebijakan otonomi sudah dianggap final, tetapi masih menjadi perdebatan sebab kebijakan otonomi belum diketahui arahnya akan kemana. Banyak kalangan menilai bahwa kebijakan otonomi sebagai bentuk reformasi keuangan dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan agar perguruan tinggi lebih mandiri dalam urusan keuangan. Perguruan tinggi diberikan tanggung jawab untuk meningkatkan penerimaan negara bukan pajak melalui instrumen pendidikan. Kebijakan otonomi untuk menciptakan transparansi maupun akuntabilitas justru menimbulkan dampak dalam tataran pengelolaannya. Dampaknya perguruan tinggi berusaha secara mandiri untuk menambah income guna membiayai biaya operasional yang tidak memadai. Penelitian menyimpulkan: 1) kebijakan otonomi perguruan tinggi diarahkan untuk berkompetisi dalam berbagai bidang, agar dapat bersaing untuk menjadi universitas bergengsi dan berkelas. 2) perguruan tinggi menginginkan diberikan kebebasan secara desentralistik agar dikelola secara mandiri tanpa intervensi pihak lain. 3) perguruan tinggi dituntut mencari pendanaan untuk meningkatkan penerimaan negara bukan pajak untuk membiayai biaya operasional yang tidak dialokasikan pemerintah. 4) dampak kebijakan otonomi menciptakan praktek komersialisasi, menyebabkan biaya pendidikan yang tidak terjangkau.
Factores que condicionan el desarrollo de trombosis venosa en pacientes con catéter venoso central ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital de niños Roberto Gilbert Elizalde
Authors: Arévalo Sandoya Priscila Esthefany
Published: April 2021

Introducción: Los avances en el manejo y supervivencia de la patología pediátrica grave han supuesto un incremento en los fenómenos tromboembólicos, dada la frecuente  necesidad de catéteres venosos centrales (CVC). El presente estudio describe las condiciones en las que se presentan trombosis venosas en pacientes pediátricos con uso de CVC en un centro de referencia público de Guayaquil.
Métodos: el presente es estudio observacional, de corte transversal, se realizó con el objetivo de identificar factores que condicionaron el desarrollo de trombosis venosa en pacientes con CVC  ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Se recolectó  información en una ficha prediseñada de todos los pacientes con CVC  mayor a 7 días y se realizó eco Doppler venoso para identificar la presencia o ausencia de trombos. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva para el análisis univariado y Odds Ratio para el bivariado.
Resultados: 35 pacientes ingresaron al estudio, 14/35 (40%) lactantes menores, 24/35 hombres (69%), 19 casos (54%) con malnutrición, 10 casos (29%) con cardiopatía congénita, 18 casos (51%) ingresados por infecciones. El sitio de punción fue femoral en 15 casos (43%), el procedimiento fue realizado por el felow en 20 casos (57%) y en forma programada en 27 casos (77%) y se realizó en un solo intento en 28 casos (80%). La punta del catéter se ubicó en la vena cava superior en 23 casos ( 66%). La prevalencia de trombosis fue del 14% (IC95% 12.33%-16.25). En el análisis bivariado ninguna de las variables fue asociada a la presencia de trombosis de CVC.
Conclusiones: El 14% de los pacientes con uso de CVC por más de 7 días desarrollan trombosis venosa secundaria. No de pudieron determinar factores asocia-dos al CVC sobre el estado nutricional y procedimientos relacionados
Prevalence of Shoulder, Back and Neck Pain in Female Nurses of Nishtar Hospital, Multan
Authors: Razzaq Ayesha Abdul , Sharif Sana , Bibi Saima , Kashif Muhammad , Arif Muhammad , Kulsoom Umme
Published: April 2021

Work related musculoskeletal disorder is increasing ration in nursing population of hospital about 33% which in result affect the quality of life and limits the activity of daily living
Objective: To nd prevalence of back, shoulder and neckpain in female nurses of Nishtar hospital Multan
Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted onfemale nurses of Nishter Hospital, Multan. Non Probability Convenience sampling technique was used and total of 80 nurses were participated in this study. Nordic questionnaire and visualanalogue scale was used tool for data collection. Nurses of age 18-55, Student professional nurses, nurses willing to participate, nurses having minimum one year experience in this field wereincluded while nurses who refused to participate in this study, pregnant nurses, nurses having spinal issue and systemic problems were excluded from the study. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 version.
Results:63.8% nurses were having low back pain, 40% nurses having neck pain and 38.75 complaints about the shoulder pain. The results of chisquare test revealed p<0.05 which showed that there was analytical significant symbolic affiliation between neck, shoulder, Low back pain and Working hours /week.Conclusions:Majority nurses reported they suffer from low back, neck and shoulder pain. Working for long time or increased working hours is a potential risk factor for low back, neck and shoulderProblems.
Penguatan Identitas sebagai Strategi Bertahan Warga Adat Sunda Wiwitan
Authors: Anggraeni Febi Dwi , Hidayat Rakhmat
Published: April 2021

Paper ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan strategi bertahan masyarakat AKUR Sunda Wiwitan dalam mempertahankan identitasnya dan menjelaskan bagaimana penguatan identitas yang dilakukan masyarakat AKUR Sunda Wiwitan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan data penelitian diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk mempertahankan identitas masyarakat AKUR Sunda Wiwitan, terdapat peran agen sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh berbagai lembaga yaitu mulai dari keluarga, komunitas maupun pendidikan. Kebertahanan masyarakat AKUR Sunda Wiwitan dapat dianalisis menggunakan konsep identitas budaya dari Stuart Hall. Identitas budaya setidaknya dapat dilihat dari dua cara berpikir, yaitu identitas budaya sebagai wujud (identity as being) dan identitas budaya sebagai proses menjadi (identity as becoming). Apabila dilihat dari posisi sebagai sebuah wujud, masyarakat AKUR memiliki identitas budaya dalam hal budaya bersama. Masyarakat AKUR memiliki sejarah leluhur yang sama serta simbol dan kode kebudayaan bersama, seperti bahasa, ritual, kesenian, atribut, dan yang lainnya. Selanjutnya, untuk identitas budaya sebagai proses menjadi (identity as becoming) dimaksudkan bentuk-bentuk identitas senantiasa berubah, seperti halnya masyarakat AKUR yang melakukan sebuah reorganisasi komunitas sebagai bentuk dari strategi bertahan, mulai dari ADS, PACKU, dan terakhir AKUR.
Internalisasi Tata Krama Jawa melalui Karawitan di SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali
Authors: Pratomo Arbhito Iqbal , Pranawa Sigit , Liestyasari Siany Indria
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini sangat penting dilakukan karena di era generasi 4.0 mengalami perkembangan IPTEK sangat pesat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan (1) Mengkaji fungsi dalam mata pelajaran seni budaya Karawitan.(2) Mengkaji tentang bagaimana pola interaksi mata pelajaran seni budaya Karawitan dalam internalisasi tata krama Jawa makna pada siswa SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi baik foto maupun video. Informan dalam sumber data penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru, siswa dan ahli karawitan. Penentuan subjek penelitian/informan dilakukan dengan cara purposisve sampling. Sedangkan tekhnik uji validitas data dengan cara triangulasi sumber.. Fokus teori penelitian ini menggunakan teori Interaksionisme Simbolik Herbert Blumer. Hasil yang diperoleh berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah : (1) fungsi mata pelajaran seni budaya karawitan bagi SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali sebagai mata pelajaran yang sejajar dengan mata pelajaran lain. (2) internalisasi tata krama jawa melalui mata pelajaran seni karawitan dilakukan dengan interaksi simbolik melalui isyarat dan kode dalam seni karawitan.
К вопросу о состоянии развития кустарной промышленности Центрального Черноземья в пореформенный период
Authors: Журавлёв Сергей Сергеевич
Published: April 2021

В статье на примере Центрального-Черноземного региона анализируется состояние развития кустарной промышленности во второй половине XIX века. Авторы проследили динамику роста промыслового населения, исследовали изменение структуры мелкотоварного производства и имущественного положения кустарей. На конкретных примерах из неопубликованных документов проиллюстрировали техническую оснащенность мелких предприятий крестьян. На основе данных земской статистики авторам удалось проанализировать особенности эволюции кустарно-промысловой деятельности населения Центрально-Черноземных губерний. Всесторонний анализ земской статистики пореформенного периода показал, что кустарно-промысловая деятельность, в которой было занято абсолютное большинство жителей Воронежской, Курской, Тамбовской, Орловской губерний к концу XIX века, по темпам роста производства в несколько раз опережала крупную фабрично-заводскую промышленность.
Образ святого-воина в латинской агиографической литературе IV–VI вв.
Authors: Бабина Александра Аркадьевна
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматривается создание образа святого-воина с помощью использования военной лексики в латинской агиографической литературе IV–VI вв. Для этого в работе анализируется эволюция данной модели святости от «воинов», сражающихся посредством аскезы, слова и веры, к святым, деятельно участвующим в разрешении конфликтов. Ключевым для статьи стал историко-антропологический подход, также использованы достижения нарратологии, семиотики и имагологии. Развитие модели святого в западноевропейской житийной литературе приводит к оформлению образов святого-посла и святого-ритора, в которых военный контекст может укреплять авторитет святого или подчеркивать его Romanitas.
Развитие рынка дворянских землевладений и его влияние на перераспределение частной земельной собственности в Центральном Черноземье в 1860–1890-е годы
Authors: Громова Виктория Валентиновна , Тонких Владимир Алексеевич
Published: April 2021

С отменой крепостного права постепенно стали сниматься сословные ограничения для свободного перехода земли от дворян в собственность других сословий. Появились предпосылки для развития межсословного земельного рынка. В то же время во второй половине XIX века представители дворянского сословия продолжали оставаться основными участниками земельного рынка. В статье рассматривается эволюция торговых отношений дворянского сословия на земельном рынке Центрального Черноземья в 1860–1890-е годы. На основе анализа материалов по статистике движения землевладения в 45 губерниях Европейской России выявлены тенденции, происходившие на земельном рынке с 1863 по 1892 год. Изменения купли-продажи дворянских землевладений в Центральном Черноземье сопоставлены с общероссийскими данными, выявлены сходные и отличительные черты. Поскольку развитие земельного рынка оказывало существенное влияние на межсословное перераспределение частной земельной собственности, в статье рассмотрено изменение структуры землевладения в Центральном Черноземье в 1877 и 1905 годах. Определены основные сословия частных земельных собственников, выявлено их количество и размеры их землевладений. Отдельно рассмотрена структура частного землевладения Курской губернии, которая из всех губерний Центрального Черноземья отличалась наибольшим количеством мелких земельных собственников.
Теория «эпистемных сообществ» Питера Хааса: основные положения и возможности применения для анализа национальных систем внешнеполитической экспертизы
Authors: Онопко Олег Владимирович
Published: April 2021

Автором сделана попытка применения находящейся на стыке сетевой методологии и конструктивизма теории «эпистемных сообществ» американского политолога П.М. Хааса для изучения национальных систем внешнеполитической экспертизы. С этой целью впервые в российской политологии систематизированы и проанализированы основные положения указанной теории, а также с ее позиций сформулирована научная интерпретация национальной системы внешнеполитической экспертизы. Последняя представляет собой сообщество (сеть) экспертов в сфере международных отношений и внешней политики, объединенных общей или схожей политической картиной мира, политическими убеждениями, ценностями, способных оказывать влияние на формирование и реализацию внешнеполитического курса своего государства посредством предлагаемых оценок и рекомендаций. Применение данного определения и в целом теории «эпистемных сообществ» позволит актуализировать политологические исследования интеллектуальных продуктов, ценностных оснований, новаторской и социализационной составляющих внешнеполитической экспертизы, а также будет способствовать выработке эффективных механизмов выявления проявлений псевдоэкспертизы.
«День розы» как пример трансформации языческих праздников в ранневизантийской Газе
Authors: Лопатина Марина Юрьевна
Published: April 2021

В данной статье, на основании диалексисов Прокопия Газского, анализируется праздник день розы, который ежегодно проходил в Газе Палестинской. Этот праздник также упоминается в сочинениях Иоанна Газского и Георгия Грамматика. День розы сочетал в себе как языческий фестиваль «маюма», открытый для светской публики, так и празднество в честь христианских мучеников, сопровождавшееся религиозными обрядами. На данном празднике (день розы) проводились конкурсы ораторского мастерства, а также давались пантомимические представления, которые во многом объясняют цель и стиль изложения Прокопием своих диалексисов. Кроме того, на основе отсылок ритора к Платону, рассматривается предположение исследователей об Эросе как предфигурации христианской агапы.
Организация учебного процесса в высших школах ранневизантийского Берита (по Захарии Ритору)
Authors: Дронова Яна Алексеевна
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена попытке реконструкции организации учебного процесса в юридической школе Берита (совр. Бейрут). Основания для изучения данного вопроса дают разнообразные литературные источники, написанные в нескольких жанрах и отличающиеся различной исторической ценностью. Юридическая школа наиболее известна нам из сохранившегося сирийского перевода сочинения Захарии Схоластика (Ритора) «Жизнь Севера» об известном антиохийском епископе. Текст проливает яркий свет на организацию учебного процесса и представляет собой несколько занимательных эпизодов из жизни преподавателей и студентов тогдашней знаменитой юридической школы в конце V века. Студенты попадали в Бейрутскую высшую школу, только пройдя предварительную подготовку, в частности, такие школы были в Александрии. В Бейруте в обучение шло 5 курсов, каждый курс носил свое название. Обучение велось 5 дней в неделю и основывалось на римской классической юридической традиции. Важную роль в жизни школы играло христианство, многие студенты-правоведы посвятили себя впоследствии религиозной деятельности.
Землетрясения в Ригведе как локализующий и датирующий критерий
Authors: Семененко Александр Андреевич
Published: April 2021

Ригведа была изучена на предмет упоминания в ней землетрясений – в горах и на равнинах, в прошлом и настоящем ригведийских поэтов. Многочисленные сообщения о землетрясениях во всех хронологических слоях Ригведы локализуют прародину ригведийских индоариев в предгорных областях Индо-Гангской равнины Северо-Западного Индостана. Уменьшающееся количество упоминаний землетрясений в поздних циклах Ригведы указывает на продвижение её авторов от гор на равнины. Археологически выявленное землетрясение раннехараппского укреплённого поселения Калибанган-на-Сарасвати в центральной части ареала Ригведы датирует её текст около 2 700 г. до н. э.
Treasury Single Account Policy and Revenue Generation Among Federal Parastatals in Ekiti-State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogungbade Oluyinka , Oshatimi Omowumi Olanike , Kolawole Adebola Daniel
Published: April 2021

Treasury Single Account (TSA) is a new government policy to fight corruption in the Nigerian public sector. The policy has received a lot of compliments from many Nigerians; however, empirical studies have produced mixed results. The study examined the effects of Treasury Single Accounts (TSA) on the revenue generation of federal government parastatals in Ekiti state. The study specifically examined the effect of TSA on revenue generation of Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Federal Teaching Hospital Ido, Federal Road Safety Commission Ado-Ekiti and Federal Polytechnics Ado-Ekiti. Both Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The descriptive statistics include mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum while the study employed paired sample t-test for inferential analysis. The study reveals that TSA has not enhanced the revenue generation among federal government parastatals in Ekiti state. The research further shows that TSA is counterproductive since average revenue generated after the implementation of TSA is lower than the average revenue that the parastatals generated before the implementation of TSA. The study recommends that the federal government of Nigeria should investigate the reasons why the TSA is counterproductive in Ekiti state and adequately monitor its implementation.
Effects of Example-Problem Pairs on Students’ Mathematics Achievements: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Alreshidi Nawaf Awadh K.
Published: April 2021

The aim of this research is to investigate how the utilisation of example-problem pairs affects the outcomes of mathematics students when compared to conventional teaching methods. Thus, a mixed method embedded design, with a main emphasis on a quasi-experiment with supplemental field notes, was conducted with 64 second intermediate grade school students (eighth grade). Participants were divided into two groups comprising 33 students in the experimental group, and 31 students in the control group. An ACNOVA test revealed that the average scores of achievement of the students taught using the example-problem pairs were higher than the average scores of the students who were taught using conventional teaching methods, with a very large effect size. Moreover, the qualitative findings revealed that the students taught using example-problem pairs were more engaged and took more responsibility for their learning than the students who were taught using conventional teaching methods. In addition, the students who lacked the necessary prerequisite knowledge needed more support than the higher achieving students. The implications of the study were discussed.
Implications of the Digital Divide for the Learning Process During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Zilka Gila Cohen , Finkelstein Idit , Cohen Revital , Rahimi Ilan Daniels
Published: April 2021

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis, higher education institutions organized for online learning. The aim of the present study was to examine the implications of online learning for students with limited access to information and communication technology (ICT), content infrastructures, and digital environments, assuming that such limited access may impair their ongoing learning process when instruction moves online, and cause situations of stress and frustration, as well as a desire to drop out of school. The mixed-method study involved 639 students studying at institutions of higher education in Israel, who completed a questionnaire containing open and closed questions. The findings show that 13% of participants reported that they had limited access, difficulties, and malfunctions resulting from a weak connection to the Internet, and numerous disconnects, especially during synchronous lectures. They reported having difficulties downloading content from the Internet and uploading materials. It has been shown that limited access to the Internet has implications for the learning process, motivation, self-efficacy, as well as for feelings and emotions. It is liable to lead to the widening or the creation of gaps between students who have full and those who have limited access to the Internet. The findings show that little use is made of forums (10%). A more extensive use of the forums is recommended in courses where students have limited access to the Internet, to create a supportive learning community.
Subjective Well-being, Mental Health and Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From the Global South
Authors: Martínez Lina , Trofimoff Valeria , Valencia Isabella
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 pandemic is harming many social and economic spheres beyond physical health. The subjective well-being of the population (positive emotions and life satisfaction) and the prevalence of stressors affecting good mental health like worry, depression, and anxiety are increasing worldwide. This analysis presents evidence of subjective well-being and mental health in Colombia, South America, during the current crisis. The data for this analysis comes from an online survey released after one month of quarantine. In total, 941 adults participated in the study. Results show that women are more affected by their well-being and experience more often worry, depression, and anxiety than males. In particular, younger women and from the lower socioeconomic strata. Respondents identify three primary concerns because of the pandemic: i) financial consequences, ii) health (personal and loved one's health), and iii) productivity. Respondents are, on average, more concerned for the health of loved ones than their health. 49% of study participants report having an income reduction as a consequence of the pandemic, but women in all subgroups analyzed are more affected than males. In terms of productivity –working remotely-, educated people, and from 50+ age range, feels more productive working from home. Evidence from this analysis contributes to the broader research of the consequences of COVID-19 on the well-being of the population. Evidence comes from a country in the global South with high population ratings of subjective well-being, happiness, and life satisfaction before the pandemic. 
The Effects of Morphine Dependence and Detoxification with Methadone and Buprenorphine on Sexual Behavior and Sex Hormones
Authors: Moinaddini Fatemeh , Haghpanah Tahereh , Abedini Esfahlani Mohsen , Amirinejad Maryam , Nematollahi-Mahani Seyed Noureddin
Published: April 2021

Background: Opiate dependence, a great worldwide obstacle, is regularly treated by detoxification via opioid agonists and antagonist administration. However, different effects and severity of detoxification on the male reproductive system have not been evaluated so far. Objectives: Thus, the present study intended to investigate the impact of morphine dependence and detoxification with methadone and/or buprenorphine on sexual behavior and sex hormones in an animal model of opiate dependence. Materials and Methods: sixty-six adult male mice were randomly allocated into six groups of control (ctl40), morphine-dependent (Mrph40) (which received morphine for 40 days), another control (Ctrl80), morphine-dependent (Mrph80) (which received morphine for 80 days), methadone (Mtdn) detoxified, and buprenorphine (Bprn) detoxified groups (n = 11). Different aspects of sexual activities and Sex hormones were assessed at the end of the treatment period. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test and chi-squared test using SPSS version 16 software for Windows. Results: Testosterone level significantly decreased in all treated groups compared with its level in the Ctl40 group. Detoxification with buprenorphine was reduced following 80 days of treatment, the level of testosterone significantly reduced in all treated groups compared to its level in the Ctrl80 group. The highest and lowest levels of FSH were observed in the Bprn group and in the Mrph40 group, respectively, even lower than that of the Mrph80 and Mtdn groups. Either of the treatments has decreased the level of LH when compared with its level in the controls. Various sexual behaviors were differently disturbed in the treated groups. Duration of sexual activity, Mount frequency, ejaculation latency, and sexual activity duration was higher in the Bprn group than the Mtdn group, but the rate of pregnancy was much higher in the Mtdn group. Conclusions: Either Short or long-term dependence on morphine affects the sex hormones and activities. Following detoxification with methadone and/or buprenorphine, various aspects of sexual behaviors were differently altered, which could alert clinicians in detoxification programs.
Stomach Cancer in Patients Referred to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj, 2012 - 2018: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Rahimi Mastore , Roshanaei Ghodratollah , Faradmal Javad , Ghaderi Bayazid , Moradi Leila
Published: April 2021

Background: Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and first cancer in Iran. The northern and northwestern regions of the country are areas with a high prevalence of gastrointestinal cancers, especially gastric cancer. Different factors are effective in the incidence of this cancer. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of gastric cancer. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. All patients referred to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj between 2012 and 2018 were examined. Data were extracted using patients' medical records. Descriptive information was collected through SPSS software, and the results were analyzed. Results: The number of patients in this study was 553. The mean age was 66.9 years, and the highest age group was 60 - 80 years. Four hundred twelve patients were male, and 141 were female. In 50% of patients, the location of the cardiac tumor was gastric. Chemotherapy was the most common treatment in more than 60% of patients. Conclusions: The results of this study show that smoking is unfortunately high in patients in this province. An educational intervention to quit smoking is recommended. Smoking is an important risk factor for gastric cancer, and this intervention may also be effective in reducing the incidence of this disease.
Evaluation of Clinical and Pathological Characteristics and Routine Treatment of Patients with Prostate Cancer in Six Referral Centers in Iran: A Pilot Non-interventional, Multicenter Study
Authors: G Motlagh Ali , Mofid Bahram , Salek Roham , Hemati Simin , Mosalaei Ahmad , Esnaashari Omid , R Mafi Ahmad
Published: April 2021

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among Iranian men after stomach cancer. To understand the nature of the disease and plan and develop a population-based cancer registry, it is essential to recognize the clinical and pathological characteristics of the tumors, as well as treatment results. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics of prostate cancer and evaluate the routine practice, including treatment outline and results of treatment in six referral centers in Iran. Methods: This prospective observational pilot study recruited patients with prostate cancer between April 2015 and October 2015 at six referral centers in Iran. The participating physicians included consecutive patients according to inclusion criteria. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment data were collected by the physicians using an electronic case report form (eCRF). The patients were followed for 18 months, and during this period, four visits were scheduled for each patient to collect the data. Results: A total number of 102 patients from six centers in five different cities of Iran were included in the study. Sixty-seven (65.7%) patients were diagnosed by needle biopsy as the first diagnostic method, 23 (22.5%) by radical prostatectomy, and 12 (11.8%) by open prostatectomy. Total at-risk times of patients for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 1480.9 and 1437 months, respectively. Median (IQR) values of OS and PFS were 18.2 (9.2 - 20.5) and 18.2 (6.8 - 20.4) months, respectively. Forty (39.2%) patients underwent surgery, 58 (56.8%) underwent radiotherapy, and 13 (12.7%) received chemotherapy. Twenty-nine (28.4%) patients experienced adverse events over the follow-up period. Eight deaths were reported that were unrelated to treatment adverse effects. Conclusions: This pilot registry could serve as a valuable tool for the development of a comprehensive nationwide registry for patients with prostate cancer in Iran.
Editorial - Em trabalho de cura
Authors: Rosa André Luís , Jacobs Daiane Dordete Steckert , Leal Dodi , Azevedo José Fernando Peixoto de , Leal Mara , Vomero Maria Fernanda
Published: April 2021

Os Editores responsáveis pelo Dossiê Temático: Curadoria da Performance e Processos de Cura em Artes Cênicas realizam, neste Editorial, uma conversa sobre os conceitos que formaram este trabalho publicado na Urdimento v.1, n.40, setembro de 2021.
Introduction to the Special Issue on JUUL Use
Authors: Shiffman Saul , Augustson Erik M.
Published: April 2021

This special issue addresses key topics relating to the public health impact of the use of electronic nicotine delivery devices (ENDS), particularly JUUL-brand ENDS. Smokers smoke for nicotine, but are harmed by the byproducts of combustion. ENDS can play a role in tobacco harm reduction
offering a noncombustible alternative source of nicotine for adult smokers who would otherwise continue smoking. Papers presented here estimate the prevalence of ENDS and JUUL use among young and older adults, and document the 12-month smoking trajectories of adults who purchased a JUUL Starter
Kit. Overall, smoking prevalence was halved, with most smokers switching completely as dual use declined. This held for subpopulations defined by demographics and psychiatric comorbidity. For those who did not switch, most significantly reduced (50%+) their cigarette consumption. Another study
reports that dependence declines as smokers switch from smoking to using JUUL. The public health potential of ENDS is undermined by use of ENDS by nonsmokers, especially underage individuals. Some smoking was reported by adult former and never smokers, with little evidence of persistent smoking,
and lower risk of smoking among those using JUUL more frequently. Regarding underage use, one paper reports that technology can ensure age-verification at point of sale. Population modeling integrating impacts on diverse populations indicates that availability of ENDS is expected to avert
millions of premature deaths in the US. We believe these papers make a substantial contribution to the field of tobacco science and smoking control.
Modeling the Population Health Impact of ENDS in the U.S.
Authors: Wissmann Rasmus , Zhan Changhua , D'Amica Kenneth , Prakash Shivaani , Xu Yingying
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Our objective was to improve understanding of the population health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) availability in the US via computational modeling. Methods: We present an agent-based population health model (PHM) that simulates annual
smoking, ENDS use, and associated mortality for individual agents representing the US population, both adults and youth, between 2000 and 2100. Model transitions were derived from key population surveys and a large longitudinal study of JUUL purchasers. The mortality impact of ENDS is modeled
as excess risk relative to smoking. Outcomes are compared between a cigarettes-only Base Case and a Modified Case where ENDS are introduced in 2010. Model validation demonstrates that the PHM simulates population-level behavior and outcomes realistically. Results: The availability of
ENDS in the US is projected to reduce smoking and prevent 2.5 million premature deaths by 2100 in the Modified Case. Sensitivity analyses show that a significant population health benefit occurs under all plausible scenarios. Conclusions: Our results suggest the availability of ENDS
is likely to result in a significant health benefit to the US population as a whole, after accounting for both beneficial and harmful uses.
Prevalence of ENDS and JUUL Use, by Smoking Status, in National Samples of Young Adults and Older Adults in the U.S.
Authors: Prakash Shivaani , Hatcher Cameron , Shiffman Saul
Published: April 2021

Objectives: In this paper, we estimate the prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and JUUL brand ENDS use among adults in the US, overall and by smoking history. Methods: We obtained 2019 cross-sectional online surveys assessing smoking, use of any ENDS,
and JUUL specifically, in a national probability sample of 11,833 US adults. Data were analyzed for young adults (YA; aged 18-24) and older adults (OA; aged 25+). Results: Past 30-day ENDS prevalence was 8.0% in YA and 4.7% in OA; equivalent JUUL figures were 3.1% and 1.2%. ENDS/JUUL
use was more prevalent among current and former smokers than never smokers, where prevalence was ≤ 2% (YA: 2.0%/0.9%; OA: 0.9%/0.1%). JUUL use was higher among recent (< 1 year) quitters than among long-term (≥ 1 year) quitters. Among those who had ever used both ENDS and other tobacco,
strong majorities reported using other tobacco first. Among JUUL users who also had used other tobacco ≥ 95% had used other tobacco first. Conclusions: Past-30-day ENDS use (including JUUL) was ≤ 8% among young adults and ≤ 5% in older adults. Most (> 98%) ENDS and JUUL
users were current or former smokers, which is relevant to assessment of the population impact of these products.
The Adult JUUL Switching and Smoking Trajectories (ADJUSST) Study: Methods and Analysis of Loss-to-Follow-up
Authors: Shiffman Saul , Sembower Mark A. , Augustson Erik M. , Goldenson Nicholas I. , Haseen Farhana , McKeganey Neil P. , Russell Christopher
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The Adult JUUL System User Switching and Smoking Trajectories (ADJUSST) study assessed the smoking and JUUL use trajectories of adults who purchased JUUL. In this paper, we describe study methods, characterize the sample, and assesses potential for bias due to loss
to follow-up. Methods: We entered 55,414 US adults (≥ age 21) who purchased a JUUL Starter Kit for the first time (online or at retail) in 2018 into a naturalistic, longitudinal observational study, irrespective of baseline smoking status. Participants were invited for follow-ups
1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months later, focused on assessing past-30-day smoking and JUUL use. Analyses assessed potential bias due to non-response. Results: Over 90% of participants had a history of smoking; 62.8% were past-30-day smokers; 23.3% were former smokers. Participants' average
age was 30; 75% were white. Most participants (77.6%) completed some follow-ups; 25% completed all follow-ups. Baseline differences among complete responders (N = 13,729), partial responders (N = 29,252), and complete non-responders (N = 12,433) were small. When recontacted, few 12-month non-responders
said their non-response was due to smoking; many reported no past-30-day smoking. Conclusions: The study may elucidate smoking trajectories of adult JUUL users. The potential for bias due to loss to follow-up in ADJUSST was limited.
Switching away from Cigarettes across 12 Months among Adult Smokers Purchasing the JUUL System
Authors: Goldenson Nicholas I. , Shiffman Saul , Hatcher Cameron , Lamichhane Dish , Gaggar Arzoo , Le Gem M. , Prakash Shivaani , Augustson Erik M.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: In this study, we assessed complete switching away from cigarette smoking among adult smokers who purchased a JUUL Starter Kit (JSK). Methods: Adult (age ≥ 21) established smokers (smoked ≥ 100 lifetime cigarettes) who purchased a JSK in 2018 were invited
to complete online surveys 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after initial JSK purchase. Point prevalence of switching (no past 30-day smoking) was assessed at each follow-up. Repeated measures logistic regression models evaluated associations of sociodemographic factors, baseline smoking characteristics
and time-varying JUUL System ("JUUL") use characteristics and switching across the 12-month period. Results: Respondents (N = 17,986) were 55.0% male, 78.3% white, mean age = 32.65 years (SD = 10.81), mean baseline cigarettes/day = 11.10 (SD = 8.16). The proportion self-reporting switching
increased over time: one-month (27.2%[3718/13,650]), 2-month (36.4%[4926/13,533]), 3-month (41.0%[5434/13,257]), 6-month (46.6%[5411/11,621]), 9-month (49.4%[6017/12,186]), and 12-month (51.2%[6106/11,919]); 33.1% reported switching at both 9-month and 12-month follow-ups. In prospective analyses,
smokers with lower cigarette dependence, shorter smoking history, lower cigarette consumption, more frequent JUUL use, greater satisfaction from initial JUUL use, and higher JUUL dependence were significantly more likely to switch. Conclusions: Rates of switching with JUUL increased
over time. Over 50% of respondents reported complete switching away from cigarettes 12 months following purchase. Greater use of and dependence on JUUL predicted switching.
Switching away from Cigarette Smoking with JUUL: Populations of Special Interest
Authors: Kim Sooyong , Shiffman Saul , Le Gem M.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: In this study, we examined complete switching away from cigarettes across various medico-socio-demographic subpopulations of adult smokers who purchased a JUUL Starter Kit (JSK) electronic nicotine delivery system. Methods: We analyzed trajectories of smoking
over 12 months in 17,986 adult smokers who purchased a JSK. Populations of special interest were characterized by race/ethnicity, income, diagnoses of potentially smoking-related illness (SRI), depression, and anxiety. Results: Across all 16 subgroups examined, a consistent pattern
of trends was observed where complete switching increased, and dual-use decreased over time. Non-Hispanic Asian race/ethnicity, low income, diagnoses of potential SRI, depression, and anxiety were associated with significantly lower switching rates; however, complete switching rates at month
12 were near 50% for all groups, and surpassed the dual-use rates in all subgroups except for those with potential SRI. Conclusions: Substantial rates of complete switching were consistently achieved across all medico-socio-demographic subgroups 12 months following the purchase of the
JSK. The potential benefits of switching with JUUL on smokers are likely to be experienced by a wide range of adult smokers.
Cigarette Smoking Trajectories in Adult Former Smokers Using the JUUL System
Authors: Le Gem M. , Holt Nathan M. , Goldenson Nicholas I. , Smith Lauren C. , Hatcher Cameron , Shiffman Saul , Augustson Erik M.
Published: April 2021

Objective: In this study, we assessed cigarette smoking over 12 months among adult former smokers who newly purchased a JUUL Starter Kit (JSK). Methods: Prevalence of past 30-day smoking and factors associated with smoking were assessed among adult (age ≥ 21) former
established smokers, stratified as recent (quitting ≤ 12 months) and long-term quitters (> 12 months), who purchased a JSK and completed ≥ 1 of 6 follow-up assessments (N = 4786). Results: Recent quitters had higher rates (16.6%-19.9%) of past 30-day smoking than long-term
quitters (6.4%-9.2%) across the 12-month period; smoking prevalence did not significantly increase over time in either subgroup. Few participants (6.5% of recent quitters, 2.8% of long-term quitters) reported smoking at both 9 and 12 months, a pattern that might indicate persistent smoking.
Past 30-day JUUL use remained high (≥ 87%) across the 12 months. Participants who used JUUL more frequently were less likely to smoke. Conclusions: Among former smokers who purchased JUUL, prevalence rates of smoking were low and stable across the 12-month period, suggesting there
was not a growing cohort of former smokers resuming smoking. Smoking was more common in recent quitters than long-term quitters. Greater use of JUUL was associated with reduced odds of smoking resumption.
Sampling Protocols
Authors: The Nansen Legacy
Published: April 2021

The collection of detailed sampling protocols is crucial tool for the success of the Nansen Legacy, because they ensure:

Methodological agreement between the involved researchers
Continuity and comparable data throughout the 5 years sampling period
An easily accessible overview over parameters sampled
Easier cruise planning
Changes in polysome content during development after diapause of Bombyx mori embryos
Authors: Saito Akira , Koga Katsumi , Sakaguchi Bungo
Published: July 2002

Undegraded polysomes could be extracted from eggs of Bombyx mori by cutting egg shells with a blade in a buffer containing high salt. The polysome content as measured by this method increased steeply during post‐diapause development, which was commenced by long term chilling followed by hot HCl treatment of diapausing eggs. At the 24th hr of the post‐diapause development the polysome content became 2.6‐times the level at 0 h. The alteration of the polysome content paralleled that of the incorporation of [14C]leucine into acid‐insoluble fractions investigated by modified Takami's embryonic culture system.
Specific binding of DCCD to reaction centers of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum and its effect of certain photosynthetic reactions
Authors: Zürrer Hans , Snozzi Mario , Bachofen Reinhard
Published: July 2002

DCCD binds strongly to chromatophores and reaction centers of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. Analysis by gel electrophoresis reveals a highly specific binding to subunit M of the reaction center. The binding of the hydrophilic carbodiimide EDC to reaction centers or membranes is weak. Binding of up to 4 DCCD molecules/M subunit has no effect on primary electron transport. With membrane levels of 500 μM DCCD, ATP synthesis was inhibited to 50% but had no effect on the function of the reaction center, the electron transport or the formation of the Δ pH and ΔΨ.
Lateral heterogeneity of polar lipids in the thylakoid membranes of spinach chloroplasts
Authors: Gounaris Kleoniki , Sundby Cecilia , Andersson Bertil , Barber James
Published: July 2002

Isolated appressed and non‐appressed membrane fractions of spinach thylakoids have been subjected to lipid class and fatty acid composition analyses. The ratio of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol to digalactosyldiacylglycerol was much higher in the fractions obtained from the appressed membranes compared with those derived from non‐appressed membranes. Moreover, appressed thylakoids contained a larger amount of anionic lipids in comparison with non‐appressed thylakoids. No major differences were observed in the fatty acid composition between the thylakoid fractions. The results are discussed in terms of the possible significance of lipid heterogeneity in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane.
Direct evidence for cooperation of the 17‐ and 23‐kDa proteins in the recovery of oxygen evolution in cholate‐treated thylakoids
Authors: Fukutaka Eitaro , Imaoka Akiko , Akabori Kozo , Toyoshima Yoshinori
Published: July 2002

Repeated extractions of spinach thylakoid membranes with a solution containing 50 mM sodium cholate, 1 M NaCl, 3 mM MgCl2, 0.2 M sucrose and 20 mM tricine at pH 8.4 for 15 min perfectly inhibited the O2 evolution of the thylakoids, concomitant with a complete release of the 17‐ and 23‐kDa proteins and partial release of many other proteins from the thylakoid membranes. Recovery of O2 evolution in the cholate‐treated thylakoids was achieved up to about 40% of that in the original thylakoids by the simultaneous reinsertion of the 17‐ and 23‐kDa proteins, but not by the reinsertion of one of them only. The recovery of O2 evolution induced by the reinsertion of the 17‐ and 23‐kDa proteins was enhanced by the further addition of a certain fraction of the crude thylakoid extract up to about 70% of the non‐depleted control, suggesting that in addition to the 17‐ and 23‐kDa proteins, one or more unknown component(s) released partially from the thylakoids upon cholate treatment is (are) also (a) constituent(s) of the O2 evolving apparatus. The purified 34‐kDa protein did not replace the unknown component.
5′‐Nucleotidase is activated upon cholesterol‐depletion of liver plasma membranes
Authors: Whetton Anthony D. , Houslay Miles D.
Published: July 2002

The cholesterol content of rat liver plasma membranes was manipulated using either cholesterol‐free or cholesterol‐enriched liposomes. Removal of cholesterol from the membranes led to a marked increase in 5′‐nucleotidase activity. However, increase in cholesterol content failed to exert any significant effect on 5′‐nucleotidase activity. Arrhenius plots of the activity of the native enzyme exhibited a break at around 28°C with the activation energy of the reaction less above this temperature than below. In cholesterol‐depleted membranes a single break at around 26°C was observed with activation energies greater above this temperature than below it. In cholesterol‐enriched membranes Arrhenius plots were linear over the range examined. It is suggested that the lipid environment of the external half of the bilayer only influences 5′‐nucleotidase activity in these membranes and that cholesterol exerts controlling effects on both the activity and conformation of the enzyme in native membranes.
Lack of prostaglandin involvement in the mitogenic effect of TSH on canine thyroid cells in primary culture
Authors: Roger P.P. , Dumont J.E. , Boeynaems J.M.
Published: July 2002

The production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by cultured dog thyroid cells was high in a serum‐containing medium and low in a serum‐free, completely defined medium. Thyrotropin (TSH) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), two mitogenic factors for these cells, did not stimulate PGE2 release. Indomethacin, at a concentration which completely inhibited PGE2 production, had no effect on thyroid cell multiplication and DNA synthesis stimulated by TSH and EGF. It is concluded that cyclooxygenase products are not involved in the proliferation of canine thyroid cells and its control by TSH.
Reconstitution of photosynthetic oxygen evolving activity by rebinding of 33 kDa protein to CaCl2‐extracted PS II particles
Authors: Ono Taka-aki , Inoue Yorinao
Published: July 2002

On extracting the O2‐evolving Photosystem II (PS II) particles with CaCl2 solution, three proteins of 33, 24 and 16 kDa were completely liberated from the particles concomitant with total inactivation of O2 evolution, but most of the Mn atoms present in the initial particles were preserved unaffected being still associated with the particles. On reading the extracted proteins to the extracted particles, a considerable amount of 33 kDa protein rebound to the particles concomitant with significant reconstitution of O2‐evolving activity.
Lipid vesicle formation: the transition from open disks to closed shells
Authors: Fromherz Peter , Ruppel Diether
Published: July 2002

The relaxation of a lecithin suspension after sonication is studied by electron microscopy. It is shown that vesicles are formed in a two‐stage process: Fragmentation into open sheets of bilayer under the action of sound and subsequent spontaneous closure of the planar disks into closed shells. A prerequisite of the discovery is a slowing down of the relaxation process by the addition of a moderate amount of cholate as an ‘edge‐actant’.
Crystal and molecular structure of the inhibitor eglin from leeches in complex with subtilisin Carlsberg
Authors: McPhalen C.A. , Schnebli H.P. , James M.N.G.
Published: July 2002

The crystal structure of the molecular complex of eglin, a serine proteinase inhibitor from leeches, with subtilisin Carlsberg has been determined at 2.0 Å resolution by the molecular replacement method. The complex has been refined by restrained‐parameter least‐squares. The present crystallographic R factor (= Σ¦¦F
o¦‐¦F
c¦/σ¦F
o¦) is 0.183. Eglin is a member of the potato inhibitor 1 family, a group of serine proteinase inhibitors lacking disulfide bonds. Eglin shows strong structural homology to CI‐2, a related inhibitor from barley seeds. The structure of subtilisin Carlsberg in this complex is very similar to the known structure of subtilisin novo, despite changes of 84 out of 274 amino acids.