bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxoplasma gondii and Rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from migratory birds in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Truong A.-Tai , Yoo Mi-Sun , Min Subin , Lim Ji-Yeon , Seo Hyun-Ji , Kim Heung-Chul , Chong Sung-Tae , Klein Terry A. , Park Chang-uk , Cho Sook-Young , Choi Chang-Yong , Kwon Young-Soo , Kim Miran , Yoon Soon-Seek , Cho Yun Sang
Published: July 2022

Migratory birds disperse ticks and associated tick-borne pathogens along their migratory routes. Four selected pathogens of medical importance (Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia spp., Francisella tularensis, and Toxoplasma gondii) were targeted for detection in 804 ticks (365 pools) collected from migratory birds at Hong and Heuksan Islands in the Republic of Korea (ROK) from 2010 to 2011 and 2016. Toxoplasma gondii and Rickettsia spp., were detected in 1/365 (0.27%) and 34/365 (9.32%) pools of ticks, respectively. T. gondii and five rickettsial species were recorded in ticks collected from migratory birds for the first time in ROK. The five rickettsial species (R. monacensis, Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii, R. japonica, R. raoultii, and R. tamurae) were identified using sequence and phylogenetic analysis using ompA and gltA gene fragments. Rickettsia spp. are important pathogens that cause rickettsiosis in humans, with cases recorded in the ROK. These results provide important evidence for the potential role of migratory birds in the introduction and dispersal of T. gondii and Rickettsia spp. along their migratory routes and raise awareness of potential transmission of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens associated with migratory birds in the ROK.
Association between acetabular dysplasia and sagittal spino-pelvic alignment in a population-based cohort in Japan
Authors: Harada Teiji , Hashizume Hiroshi , Taniguchi Takaya , Iidaka Toshiko , Asai Yoshiki , Oka Hiroyuki , Muraki Shigeyuki , Akune Toru , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Nakamura Kozo , Yoshida Munehito , Tanaka Sakae , Yoshimura Noriko , Yamada Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

The relationship between acetabular dysplasia and spino-pelvic alignment remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between acetabular dysplasia and spino-pelvic alignment, based on a large-scale population-based cohort in Japan. From the third survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study, 1,481 participants (491 men and 990 women; mean age, 65.3 years) were analyzed. Center-edge (CE) angle and spino-pelvic parameters (lumbar lordosis, LL; sacral slope, SS; pelvic tilt, PT; pelvic incidence, PI) were measured radiographically. Acetabular dysplasia was defined as a CE angle < 20°, and associations between acetabular dysplasia and spino-pelvic parameters were assessed. The group with acetabular dysplasia had significantly higher age, higher percentage of female, higher SS and higher PI than the group without acetabular dysplasia in a univariate analysis. On the other hand, acetabular dysplasia was not significantly associated with spino-pelvic parameters in a multiple logistic regression analysis that include age, sex, SS and PI as explanatory variables; however, PI demonstrated a positive odds ratio (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.04). In conclusion, acetabular dysplasia was not significantly associated with spino-pelvic parameters, but higher PI may be an associated factor for acetabular dysplasia.
Association of circulating gene expression signatures with stiffness following total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: a pilot study
Authors: Kirksey Meghan A. , Lessard Samantha G. , Khan Marjan , Birch George A. , Oliver David , Singh Purva , Rotundo Valeria , Sideris Alexandra ,   TKAF Consortium, Pannellini Tania , Nocon Allina A. , Youseff Mark , Guirguis Paul , Bauer Thomas W. , Bogner Eric A. , Bostrom Mathias P. , Haas Steven B. , Jules-Elysee Kethy M. , Figgie Mark P. , Mayman David J. , McLawhorn Alexander S. , Cross Michael B. , Padgett Douglas E. , Pernis Alessandra B. , Rodeo Scott A. , Tam Kathleen , Westrich Geoffrey H. , Potter Hollis G. , Koff Matthew F. , Ivashkiv Lionel B. , Sculco Thomas P. , Wright Timothy M. , Gonzalez Della Valle Alejandro , Parks Michael L. , Sculco Peter K. , Otero Miguel
Published: July 2022

A subset of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for knee osteoarthritis develop debilitating knee stiffness (reduced range of motion) for poorly understood reasons. Dysregulated inflammatory and immune responses to surgery correlate with reduced surgical outcomes, but the dysregulated gene signatures in patients with stiffness after TKA are poorly defined. As a consequence, we are limited in our ability to identify patients at risk of developing poor surgical outcomes and develop preventative approaches. In this pilot study we aimed to identify perioperative blood gene signatures in patients undergoing TKA for knee osteoarthritis and its association with early surgical outcomes, specifically knee range of motion. To do this, we integrated clinical outcomes collected at 6 weeks after surgery with transcriptomics analyses in blood samples collected immediately before surgery and at 24 h after surgery. We found that patients with stiffness at 6 weeks after surgery have a more variable and attenuated circulating gene expression response immediately after surgery. Our results suggest that patients with stiffness following TKA may have distinct gene expression signatures detectable in peripheral blood in the immediate postoperative period.
Gut microbiota plasticity in insular lizards under reversed island syndrome
Authors: Buglione Maria , Ricca Ezio , Petrelli Simona , Baccigalupi Loredana , Troiano Claudia , Saggese Anella , Rivieccio Eleonora , Fulgione Domenico
Published: July 2022

Animals living on small islands are more drastically exposed to environmental changes, such as food or water starvation, and rapid temperature shifts. Facing such conditions, and probably thank to adaptive plasticity mechanisms, some animals display a Reversed Island Syndrome (RIS), a suite of traits, including skin pigmentation, voracity, sexual dimorphism, showed differently from mainland relatives. Here, we analyse a so far poorly explored aspect of RIS: the effect of this on the microbiota composition of host Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus), strongly influenced by the animal’s lifestyle, and conditioning the same. We compare mainland and island populations, assessing the difference between their microbial communities and their response under unexpected food, experimentally provided. Our observations showed a significant difference in microbiota communities between island and mainland groups, depended mainly from changes in relative abundance of the shared genera (difference due to decrease/increase). Exposure to experimental diet regimes resulted into significative reshaping of bacterial composition of microbiota and a greater variation in body mass only in the island population. Our results could be an evidence that gut microbial community contributes to adaptive plasticity mechanisms of island lizards under RIS to efficiently respond to unexpected changes.
MYPT1 reduction is a pathogenic factor of erectile dysfunction
Authors: Zhao Wei , Sun Jie , Yao Liang-Yu , Hang Dong , Li Ye-Qiong , Chen Cai-Ping , Zhou Yu-Wei , Chen Xin , Tao Tao , Wei Li-Sha , Zheng Yan-Yan , Ge Xie , Li Chao-Jun , Xin Zhong-Cheng , Pan Yang , Wang Xin-Zhu , He Wei-Qi , Zhang Xue-Na , Yao Bing , Zhu Min-Sheng
Published: July 2022

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is closely associated with smooth muscle dysfunction, but its underlying mechanisms remains incompletely understood. We here reported that the reduced expression of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1), the main regulatory unit of myosin light chain phosphatase, was critical for the development of vasculogenic ED. Male MYPT1 knockout mice had reduced fertility and the penises displayed impaired erections as evidenced by reduced intracavernous pressure (ICP). The penile smooth muscles of the knockout mice displayed enhanced response to G-Protein Couple Receptor agonism and depolarization contractility and resistant relaxation. We further identified a natural compound lotusine that increased the MYPT1 expression by inhibiting SIAH1/2 E3 ligases-mediated protein degradation. This compound sufficiently restored the ICP and improved histological characters of the penile artery of Mypt1 haploinsufficiency mice. In diabetic ED mice (db/db), the decreased expression of MYPT1 was measured, and ICP was improved by lotusine treatment. We conclude that the reduction of MYPT1 is the major pathogenic factor of vasculogenic ED. The restoration of MYPT1 by lotusine improved the function of injured penile smooth muscles, and could be a novel strategy for ED therapy.
Adiabatic state preparation of correlated wave functions with nonlinear scheduling functions and broken-symmetry wave functions
Authors: Sugisaki Kenji , Toyota Kazuo , Sato Kazunobu , Shiomi Daisuke , Takui Takeji
Published: July 2022

Adiabatic state preparation (ASP) can generate the correlated wave function by simulating the time evolution of wave function under the time-dependent Hamiltonian that interpolates the Fock operator and the full electronic Hamiltonian. However, ASP is inherently unsuitable for studying strongly correlated systems, and furthermore practical computational conditions for ASP are unknown. In quest for the suitable computational conditions for practical applications of ASP, we performed numerical simulations of ASP in the potential energy curves of N2, BeH2, and in the C2v quasi-reaction pathway of the Be atom insertion to the H2 molecule, examining the effect of nonlinear scheduling functions and the ASP with broken-symmetry wave functions with the S2 operator as the penalty term, contributing to practical applications of quantum computing to quantum chemistry. Eventually, computational guidelines to generate the correlated wave functions having the square overlap with the complete-active space self-consistent field wave function close to unity are discussed.
Modelling the impact of Omicron and emerging variants on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and public health burden
Authors: Le Rutte Epke A. , Shattock Andrew J. , Chitnis Nakul , Kelly Sherrie L. , Penny Melissa A.
Published: July 2022

Background

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, such as Omicron (B.1.1.529), continue to emerge. Assessing the impact of their potential viral properties on the probability of future transmission dominance and public health burden is fundamental in guiding ongoing COVID-19 control strategies.

Methods

With an individual-based transmission model, OpenCOVID, we simulated three viral properties; infectivity, severity, and immune-evading ability, all relative to the Delta variant, to identify thresholds for Omicron’s or any emerging VOC’s potential future dominance, impact on public health, and risk to health systems. We further identify for which combinations of viral properties current interventions would be sufficient to control transmission.

Results

We show that, with first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and limited physical distancing in place, a VOC’s potential future dominance is primarily driven by its infectivity, which does not always lead to an increased public health burden. However, we also show that highly immune-evading variants that become dominant, even in the case of reduced variant severity, would likely require alternative measures to avoid strain on health systems, such as strengthened physical distancing measures, novel treatments, and second-generation vaccines. Expanded vaccination, that includes a booster dose for adults and child vaccination strategies, is projected to have the biggest public health benefit for a highly infective, highly severe VOC with low immune-evading capacity.

Conclusions

These findings provide quantitative guidance to decision-makers at a critical time while Omicron’s properties are being assessed and preparedness for emerging VOCs is eminent. We emphasise the importance of both genomic and population epidemiological surveillance.
Advances in precise single-cell capture for analysis and biological applications
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Wang Zhen , Yu Chang , Ge Zhixing , Yang Wenguang
Published: July 2022

In this review, the category of technologies to capture single cells and their latest applications are summarized. Finally, some perspectives are provided on current development trends, future research directions, and challenges of single-cell capture.
Rapid screening for genitourinary cancers: mass spectrometry-based metabolic fingerprinting of urine
Authors: Wang Xiao , Li Yuze , Fan Jinghan , He Liuying , Chen Junyu , Liu Huihui , Nie Zongxiu
Published: July 2022

Rapid screening for genitourinary cancers by characterizing the biochemical differences in the urine of cancer-affected and control subjects using direct MALDI-MS metabolite profiling and machine learning.
Formation of carotenoid supramolecular aggregates in nanocarriers monitored via aggregation-sensitive chiroptical output of enantiopure (3S,3′S)-astaxanthin
Authors: Orlef Aleksandra , Stanek Ewa , Czamara Krzysztof , Wajda Aleksandra , Kaczor Agnieszka
Published: July 2022

Aggregation-sensitive chiroptical output (ECD and RROA) provided by an enantiopure active compound enables monitoring of assembling of molecules in nanocarriers.
Enhancing photosensitivity via the assembly of a uranyl coordination polymer
Authors: Xu Miaomiao , Lu Huangjie , Wang Chunhui , Qiu Jie , Zheng Zhaofa , Guo Xiaofeng , Zhang Zhi-Hui , He Ming-Yang , Qian Junfeng , Lin Jian
Published: July 2022

The synergistic assembly of uranyl cations and bppCOOH linkers gives rise to a UV and X-ray luminometric dosimeter with significantly enhanced sensitivity.
A low-polarity small organic molecule with a stable keto form for photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Yang Qing , Zhang Cefei , Yi Fangli , Li Xinyu , Yuan Yiqi , Liu Kewei , Cao Hongmei , Yan Hongjian , Su Zhishan
Published: July 2022

The stable keto form greatly facilitates flowing of the excited electrons towards the carbonyl O site where reduction reaction occurs, resulting in high photocatalytic activity.
Performance and mechanism analysis of photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by SiC/CdS composites
Authors: Qian Sen , Qiao Fen , Zhou Lei , Liu Yixian , Liu Wenjie , Yang Jing , Wang Tao , Li Haitao
Published: July 2022

The improved photocatalytic activity was attributed to the heterojunction generated between SiC and CdS, which inhibited the recombination of photogenerated carriers and maintained a high redox capacity.
Molecular investigations of the prenucleation mechanism of bone-like apatite assisted by type I collagen nanofibrils: insights into intrafibrillar mineralization
Authors: Xue Zhiyu , Wang Xin , Xu Dingguo
Published: July 2022

The prenucleation mechanism of type I collagen intrafibrillar mineralization was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation.
Elucidating the impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality and ozone chemical characteristics in India
Authors: Roozitalab Behrooz , Carmichael Gregory R. , Guttikunda Sarath K. , Abdi-Oskouei Maryam
Published: July 2022

We highlight the contribution of inter-annual meteorology and emissions (dust, biogenic, and biomass burning) and COVID-19 lockdown emissions to the changes in aerosols and ozone, and provide a detailed ozone chemistry analysis in northern India.
Application of resonant acoustic mixing in the synthesis of vitamin C–nicotinamide variable stoichiometry cocrystals
Authors: Bui Minhthi , Chakravarty Paroma , Nagapudi Karthik
Published: July 2022

The use of resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) to synthesize variable stoichiometry cocrystals of nicotinamide and vitamin C was investigated.
A novel immersive calcium carbonate coating for conservation of limestone relics with a gypsum crust
Authors: Wang Lu , He Lu , Liu Yan , Yang Fuwei , Zhang Kun , Chen Xinnan , Gao Xiang
Published: July 2022

An immersive calcium carbonate coating has excellent permeability, compatibility and water stability for conserving surface weathered limestone relics.
Stable and large-scale organic–inorganic halide perovskite nanocrystal/polymer nanofiber films preparedviaa greenin situfiber spinning chemistry method
Authors: Li Jing-Jing , Cui Tingting , Yu Jiafei , Liang Zhi-Bin , Liang Yunzheng , Li Jun , Chen Su
Published: July 2022

A greenin situfiber spinning chemistry strategy is employed to fabricate stable organic–inorganic halide perovskite nanocrystal/polymer nanofiber films on a large scale, for the first time, towards WLED and LCD applications.
Effects of the structure of lipid-based agents in their complexation with a single stranded mRNA fragment: a computational study
Authors: Rissanou Anastassia N. , Karatasos Kostas
Published: July 2022

Simulations of ionizable and amphoteric lipids examined their association with an mRNA fragment in water. The relative role of electrostatic interactions, hydrophobicity and hydrogen bonding in the lipid–lipid and the mRNA–lipid association are discussed.
On the challenges of materials and electrochemical characterization of concentrated electrolytes for redox flow batteries
Authors: Fenton Alexis M. , Jha Rahul Kant , Neyhouse Bertrand J. , Kaur Aman Preet , Dailey Daniel A. , Odom Susan A. , Brushett Fikile R.
Published: July 2022

We highlight the status of, and propose future approaches for, rheological, electrochemical, and spectroscopic characterization of concentrated redoxmer electrolytes for energy storage, with an emphasis on nonaqueous redox flow batteries.
Accelerating the reaction kinetics of lithium–oxygen chemistry by modulating electron acceptance–donation interaction in electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhao Chuan , Long Jianping , Zhou Bo , Zheng Ruixin , He Miao , Li Runjing , Pan Yu , Hu Anjun , Shu Chaozhu
Published: July 2022

The 3d-orbital electron occupancy degree of Zn sites can be reduced by Co doping, which optimizes the electron acceptance-donation interaction between Zn sites and reactants, and thus weakens the energy barrier of Li2O2 deposition and decomposition.
Masked Speech Recognition as a Function of Masker Location for Cochlear Implant Users With Single-Sided Deafness
Authors: Anderson Kelly M. , Buss Emily , Rooth Meredith A. , Richter Margaret E. , Overton Andrea B. , Brown Kevin D. , Dillon Margaret T.
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Cochlear implant (CI) recipients with normal or near normal hearing (NH) in the contralateral ear, referred to as single-sided deafness (SSD), experience significantly better speech recognition in noise with their CI than without it, although reported outcomes vary. One possible explanation for differences in outcomes across studies could be differences in the spatial configurations used to assess performance. This study compared speech recognition for different spatial configurations of the target and masker, with test materials used clinically.

Method:

Sixteen CI users with SSD completed tasks of masked speech recognition presented in five spatial configurations. The target speech was presented from the front speaker (0° azimuth). The masker was located either 90° or 45° toward the CI-ear or NH-ear or colocated with the target. Materials were the AzBio sentences in a 10-talker masker and the Bamford-Kowal-Bench Speech-in-Noise test (BKB-SIN; four-talker masker). Spatial release from masking (SRM) was computed as the benefit associated with spatial separation relative to the colocated condition.

Results:

Performance was significantly better when the masker was separated toward the CI-ear as compared to colocated. No benefit was observed for spatial separations toward the NH-ear. The magnitude of SRM for spatial separations toward the CI-ear was similar for 45° and 90° when tested with the AzBio sentences, but a larger benefit was observed for 90° as compared to 45° for the BKB-SIN.

Conclusions:

Masked speech recognition in CI users with SSD varies as a function of the spatial configuration of the target and masker. Results supported an expansion of the clinical test battery at the study site to assess binaural hearing abilities for CI candidates and recipients with SSD. The revised test battery presents the target from the front speaker and the masker colocated with the target, 90° toward the CI-ear, or 90° toward the NH-ear.
A sample‐proxy dual triplet loss function for object re‐identification
Authors: Wu Hanxiao , Shen Fei , Zhu Jianqing , Zeng Huanqiang , Zhu Xiaobin , Lei Zhen
Published: July 2022

Object re‐identification, such as vehicle re‐identification or pedestrian re‐identification, plays a significant role in intelligent video surveillance systems for public security. Due to viewpoint variations and appearance changes, both pedestrians and vehicles usually have complex intra‐class variations. However, most existing object re‐identification methods often use a sample‐level triplet loss function cooperating with a single‐proxy softmax loss function, which could not handle complex intra‐class variations well. In this paper, a sample‐proxy dual triplet (SPDT) loss function is proposed, which works with a multi‐proxy softmax (MPS) loss function. The MPS loss function is in charge of learning multiple proxies to represent a class. The SPDT loss function is responsible for enlarging inter‐class distances as well as shrinking intra‐class distances on both sample and proxy levels. Therefore, the method not only handles multi‐proxy intra‐class variations but also fully learns discrimination on samples and proxies. Experiments on two large datasets, that is, VeRi776 and DukeMTMC‐reID, demonstrate that the method is superior to state‐of‐the‐art object re‐identification approaches.
Confirmation and characterisation of three giant planets detected by TESS from the FIES/NOT and Tull/McDonald spectrographs
Authors: Knudstrup Emil , Serrano Luisa M. , Gandolfi Davide , Albrecht Simon H. , Cochran William D. , Endl Michael , MacQueen Phillip , Tronsgaard René , Bieryla Allyson , Buchhave Lars A. , Stassun Keivan , Collins Karen A. , Nowak Grzegorz , Deeg Hans J. , Barkaoui Khalid , Safonov Boris S. , Strakhov Ivan A. , Belinski Alexandre A. , Twicken Joseph D. , Jenkins Jon M. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Winn Joshua N. , Collins Kevin I. , Conti Dennis M. , Furesz Gabor , Gan Tianjun , Kielkopf John F. , Massey Bob , Murgas Felipe , Murphy Lauren G. , Palle Enric , Quinn Samuel N. , Reed Phillip A. , Ricker George R. , Seager Sara , Shiao Bernie , Schwarz Richard P. , Srdoc Gregor , Watanabe David
Published: July 2022

We report the confirmation and characterisation of TOI-1820 b, TOI-2025 b, and TOI-2158 b, three Jupiter-sized planets on short-period orbits around G-type stars detected by TESS. Through our ground-based efforts using the FIES and Tull spectrographs, we have confirmed these planets and characterised their orbits, and find periods of around 4.9 d, 8.9 d, and 8.6 d for TOI-1820 b, TOI-2025 b, and TOI-2158 b, respectively. The sizes of the planets range from 0.96 to 1.14 Jupiter radii, and their masses are in the range from 0.8 to 4.4 Jupiter masses. For two of the systems, namely TOI-2025 and TOI-2158, we see a long-term trend in the radial velocities, indicating the presence of an outer companion in each of the two systems. For TOI-2025 we furthermore find the star to be well aligned with the orbit, with a projected obliquity of 9−31+33°. As these planets are all found in relatively bright systems (V ~ 10.9–11.6 mag), they are well suited for further studies, which could help shed light on the formation and migration of hot and warm Jupiters.
Accretion flows around exotic tidal wormholes
Authors: Sokoliuk O. , Praharaj S. , Baransky A. , Sahoo P. K.
Published: July 2022

Aims. This paper investigates the various spherically symmetric wormhole solutions in the presence of tidal forces and applies numerous methods, such as test particle orbital dynamics, ray-tracing, and microlensing.

Methods. We make theoretical predictions on the test particle orbital motion around the tidal wormholes with the use of the effective potential normalized by ℒ2. In order to obtain the ray-tracing images of both geometrically thin and thick accretion disks and relativistic jets, we modified the open source GYOTO code using a python interface.

Results. We applied this technique to probe the accretion flows near Schwarzschild-like and charged Reissner-Nordström (RN) wormholes; we assumed both a charged RN wormhole and a special case with a vanishing electromagnetic charge, namely the Damour-Solodukhin (DS) wormhole. We show that the photon sphere for the Schwarzschild-like wormhole present for both thin and thick accretion disks, even for the vanishing tidal forces. Moreover, we observe that rph → ∞ as α → ∞, which constraints the α parameter to be sufficiently small and positive in order to respect Event Horizon Telescope observations. On the other hand, for the case of the RN wormhole, the photon sphere radius shrinks as Λ → ∞, as predicted by the effective potential. In addition to the accretion disks, we also probe the relativistic jets around the two wormhole solutions under consideration. Finally, with the help of star bulb microlensing, we approximate the radius of the wormhole shadow and find that for the Schwarzschild wormhole, RSh ≈ r0 for zero tidal forces and grows linearly with α. On the contrary, the shadow radius for charged wormholes slowly decreases with the growing DS parameter, Λ.
Les maladies neurodégénératives et le vieillissement
Authors: Henry Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2022

Les maladies neurodégénératives, maladies d’Alzheimer, de Parkinson et de Charcot, qui affectent principalement la population âgée, sont le plus souvent d’origine sporadique, c’est-à-dire sans causes identifiées. L’avancée des connaissances sur le vieillissement permet de préciser les rapports entre vieillissement physiologique et pathologique. Le vieillissement est un phénomène cellulaire, marqué par l’apparition de cellules à l’état de sénescence et d’une inflammation chronique. Les cellules gliales, astrocytes et microglie, mais aussi les neurones sont affectés, entraînant une diminution de la plasticité synaptique, à l’origine de la diminution des performances cognitives. Ce vieillissement affecte aussi le lavage glymphatique par lequel sont éliminés les déchets métaboliques. Les maladies neurodégénératives sont des protéinopathies dues à ces déchets et la dégradation du lavage glymphatique participe au développement des pathologies.
Modelling optimal pest control of non-autonomous predator–prey interaction
Authors: Rebelo Paulo , Rosa Silvério , Silva César M.
Published: July 2022

An ecological system comprehended by a pest and its natural enemy, the predator, is considered. Parameters of system are time dependent in order to accompany their variations associated to climate evolutions. Combining the use of pesticides and of extra supply of food to predators, we propose the eradication of pest through optimal control having those two measures as controls. Is established that the resulting problem has a unique solution. Uniqueness is obtained on the whole interval using a recursive argument. The usefulness of model to tackle the pest population is backed by numerical simulation results.
Repenser les valeurs attribuées au sport au Maroc : les limites d’une croyance sportive collective
Authors: Benkorti Aziz
Published: July 2022

À travers une enquête sociologique qualitative, croisant entretiens compréhensifs et observations, le présent article interroge la croyance en un sport perçu comme « naturellement » éducatif et inclusif au Maroc. L’analyse des données recueillies auprès d’un groupe de jeunes sportifs, de leurs parents et des associations sportives dans deux quartiers défavorisés de la ville de Témara (Maroc) met en évidence les limites, voire les paradoxes, de cette croyance face aux contraintes et aux ressources déterminées socialement de la population des quartiers défavorisés. Ainsi, les résultats permettent, d’une part, de déconstruire cette croyance tout en contribuant, d’autre part, à repenser les vertus attribuées au sport en prenant en compte les difficultés et les besoins de la population ciblée.
Psychiatrische Pflegedokumentation
Authors: Schmidt Simone
Published: July 2022

Obwohl die Pflegedokumentation ein Kernelement der Pflege ist, wird sie von vielen Pflegenden als belastend und zeitraubend empfunden. Wie es im multiprofessionellen Team gelingt, alle wichtigen Aspekte – wie Risikoassessment, Ressourcen der Betroffenen, Evaluation und Pflegediagnosen – in einem vertretbaren zeitlichen Rahmen zu erfassen, erläutert unsere Autorin.
Achtsamkeit fördern bei Patienten mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Kampf Charlene
Published: July 2022

Im Interventionskoffer erfahren Sie, wie therapeutisch wertvoll Achtsamkeit bei Patienten mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung sein kann und mit welchen pflegerischen Interventionen sie sich fördern und schulen lässt.
Size dependent swift heavy ion induced Au nanoparticle elongation in SiO2 matrix
Authors: Korkos Spyridon , Mizohata Kenichiro , Kinnunen Sami , Sajavaara Timo , Arstila Kai
Published: July 2022

The elongation of spherical Au nanoparticles embedded in SiO2 under swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation is an extensively studied phenomenon. The use of a TEM grid as a substrate facilitates the identification of the same nanoparticle before and after the irradiation. Since the underdensification of SiO2 inside the ion track plays a key role, the elongation is sensitive to the matrix material properties. Therefore, we studied the elongation process of SHI irradiated Au spherical nanoparticles of various diameters (5–80 nm) embedded either in atomic layer deposition (ALD) or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) SiO2. The results show that a different elongation ratio is achieved depending on the particle initial size, ion fluence, and a different SiO2 deposition method. The embedded nanoparticles in ALD SiO2 elongate roughly 100% more than the nanoparticles embedded in PECVD SiO2 at the biggest applied fluence (5×1014ions/cm2). On the other hand, at fluences lower than 1014ions/cm2, nanoparticles elongate slightly more when they are embedded in PECVD SiO2.
Indirect x-ray photodesorption of N215 and CO13 from mixed and layered ices
Authors: Basalgète R. , Torres-Díaz D. , Lafosse A. , Amiaud L. , Féraud G. , Jeseck P. , Philippe L. , Michaut X. , Fillion J.-H. , Bertin M.
Published: July 2022

X-ray photodesorption yields of N215 and CO13 are derived as a function of the incident photon energy near the N (∼400 eV) and O K-edge (∼500 eV) for pure N215 ice and mixed CO13:N215 ices. The photodesorption spectra from the mixed ices reveal an indirect desorption mechanism for which the desorption of N215 and CO13 is triggered by the photoabsorption of CO13 and N215, respectively. This mechanism is confirmed by the x-ray photodesorption of CO13 from a layered CO13/N215 ice irradiated at 401 eV on the N 1s → π* transition of N215. This latter experiment enables us to quantify the relevant depth involved in the indirect desorption process, which is found to be 30–40 monolayers in that case. This value is further related to the energy transport of Auger electrons emitted from the photoabsorbing N215 molecules that scatter toward the ice surface, inducing the desorption of CO13. The photodesorption yields corrected from the energy that can participate in the desorption process (expressed in molecules desorbed by eV deposited) do not depend on the photon energy; hence, they depend neither on the photoabsorbing molecule nor on its state after Auger decay. This demonstrates that x-ray induced electron stimulated desorption, mediated by Auger scattering, is the dominant process explaining the desorption of N215 and CO13 from the ices studied in this work.
Comprehensive model for ideal reverse leakage current components in Schottky barrier diodes tested in GaN-on-SiC samples
Authors: Orfao B. , Di Gioia G. , Vasallo B. G. , Pérez S. , Mateos J. , Roelens Y. , Frayssinet E. , Cordier Y. , Zaknoune M. , González T.
Published: July 2022

A model to predict the ideal reverse leakage currents in Schottky barrier diodes, namely, thermionic emission and tunneling components, has been developed and tested by means of current–voltage–temperature measurements in GaN-on-SiC devices. The model addresses both current components and both forward and reverse polarities in a unified way and with the same set of parameters. The values of the main parameters (barrier height, series resistance, and ideality factor) are extracted from the fitting of the forward-bias I–V curves and then used to predict the reverse-bias behavior without any further adjustment. An excellent agreement with the I–V curves measured in the forward bias in the GaN diode under analysis has been achieved in a wide range of temperatures (275–475 K). In reverse bias, at temperatures higher than 425 K, a quasi-ideal behavior is found, but additional mechanisms (most likely trap-assisted tunneling) lead to an excess of leakage current at lower temperatures. We demonstrate the importance of the inclusion of image-charge effects in the model in order to correctly predict the values of the reverse leakage current. Relevant physical information, like the energy range at which most of the tunnel injection takes place or the distance from the interface at which tunneled electrons emerge, is also provided by the model.
Ionization energies and cationic bond dissociation energies of RuB, RhB, OsB, IrB, and PtB
Authors: Merriles Dakota M. , Morse Michael D.
Published: July 2022

Two-photon ionization thresholds of RuB, RhB, OsB, IrB, and PtB have been measured using resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy in a jet-cooled molecular beam and have been used to derive the adiabatic ionization energies of these molecules. From the measured two-photon ionization thresholds, IE(RuB) = 7.879(9) eV, IE(RhB) = 8.234(10) eV, IE(OsB) = 7.955(9) eV, IE(IrB) = 8.301(15) eV, and IE(PtB) = 8.524(10) eV have been assigned. By employing a thermochemical cycle, cationic bond dissociation energies of these molecules have also been derived, giving D0(Ru+–B) = 4.297(9) eV, D0(Rh+–B) = 4.477(10) eV, D0(Os–B+) = 4.721(9) eV, D0(Ir–B+) = 4.925(18) eV, and D0(Pt–B+) = 5.009(10) eV. The electronic structures of the resulting cationic transition metal monoborides (MB+) have been elucidated using quantum chemical calculations. Periodic trends of the MB+ molecules and comparisons to their neutral counterparts are discussed. The possibility of quadruple chemical bonds in all of these cationic transition metal monoborides is also discussed.
Balancing data privacy and usability in the federal statistical system
Authors: Hotz V. Joseph , Bollinger Christopher R. , Komarova Tatiana , Manski Charles F. , Moffitt Robert A. , Nekipelov Denis , Sojourner Aaron , Spencer Bruce D.
Published: July 2022

The federal statistical system is experiencing competing pressures for change. On the one hand, for confidentiality reasons, much socially valuable data currently held by federal agencies is either not made available to researchers at all or only made available under onerous conditions. On the other hand, agencies which release public databases face new challenges in protecting the privacy of the subjects in those databases, which leads them to consider releasing fewer data or masking the data in ways that will reduce their accuracy. In this essay, we argue that the discussion has not given proper consideration to the reduced social benefits of data availability and their usability relative to the value of increased levels of privacy protection. A more balanced benefit–cost framework should be used to assess these trade-offs. We express concerns both with synthetic data methods for disclosure limitation, which will reduce the types of research that can be reliably conducted in unknown ways, and with differential privacy criteria that use what we argue is an inappropriate measure of disclosure risk. We recommend that the measure of disclosure risk used to assess all disclosure protection methods focus on what we believe is the risk that individuals should care about, that more study of the impact of differential privacy criteria and synthetic data methods on data usability for research be conducted before either is put into widespread use, and that more research be conducted on alternative methods of disclosure risk reduction that better balance benefits and costs.
Modeling reveals posttranscriptional regulation of GA metabolism enzymes in response to drought and cold
Authors: Band Leah R. , Nelissen Hilde , Preston Simon P. , Rymen Bart , Prinsen Els , AbdElgawad Hamada , Beemster Gerrit T. S.
Published: July 2022

The hormone gibberellin (GA) controls plant growth and regulates growth responses to environmental stress. In monocotyledonous leaves, GA controls growth by regulating division–zone size. We used a systems approach to investigate the establishment of the GA distribution in the maize leaf growth zone to understand how drought and cold alter leaf growth. By developing and parameterizing a multiscale computational model that includes cell movement, growth-induced dilution, and metabolic activities, we revealed that the GA distribution is predominantly determined by variations in GA metabolism. Considering wild-type and UBI::GA20-OX-1 leaves, the model predicted the peak in GA concentration, which has been shown to determine division–zone size. Drought and cold modified enzyme transcript levels, although the model revealed that this did not explain the observed GA distributions. Instead, the model predicted that GA distributions are also mediated by posttranscriptional modifications increasing the activity of GA 20-oxidase in drought and of GA 2-oxidase in cold, which we confirmed by enzyme activity measurements. This work provides a mechanistic understanding of the role of GA metabolism in plant growth regulation.
Infants infer potential social partners by observing the interactions of their parent with unknown others
Authors: Thomas Ashley J. , Saxe Rebecca , Spelke Elizabeth S.
Published: July 2022

Infants are born into networks of individuals who are socially connected. How do infants begin learning which individuals are their own potential social partners? Using digitally edited videos, we showed 12-mo-old infants’ social interactions between unknown individuals and their own parents. In studies 1 to 4, after their parent showed affiliation toward one puppet, infants expected that puppet to engage with them. In study 5, infants made the reverse inference; after a puppet engaged with them, the infants expected that puppet to respond to their parent. In each study, infants’ inferences were specific to social interactions that involved their own parent as opposed to another infant’s parent. Thus, infants combine observation of social interactions with knowledge of their preexisting relationship with their parent to discover which newly encountered individuals are potential social partners for themselves and their families.
A gap in nitrous oxide emission reporting complicates long-term climate mitigation
Authors: Del Grosso Stephen J. , Ogle Stephen M. , Nevison Cynthia , Gurung Ram , Parton William J. , Wagner-Riddle Claudia , Smith Ward , Winiwarter Wilfried , Grant Brian , Tenuta Mario , Marx Ernie , Spencer Shannon , Williams Stephen
Published: July 2022

Nitrous oxide (N
2
O) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) that also contributes to depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. Agricultural soils account for about 60% of anthropogenic N
2
O emissions. Most national GHG reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change assumes nitrogen (N) additions drive emissions during the growing season, but soil freezing and thawing during spring is also an important driver in cold climates. We show that both atmospheric inversions and newly implemented bottom-up modeling approaches exhibit large N
2
O pulses in the northcentral region of the United States during early spring and this increases annual N
2
O emissions from croplands and grasslands reported in the national GHG inventory by 6 to 16%. Considering this, emission accounting in cold climate regions is very likely underestimated in most national reporting frameworks. Current commitments related to the Paris Agreement and COP26 emphasize reductions of carbon compounds. Assuming these targets are met, the importance of accurately accounting and mitigating N
2
O increases once CO
2
and CH
4
are phased out. Hence, the N
2
O emission underestimate introduces additional risks into meeting long-term climate goals.
Accurate prediction of ice nucleation from room temperature water
Authors: Davies Michael Benedict , Fitzner Martin , Michaelides Angelos
Published: July 2022

Crystal nucleation is one of the most fundamental processes in the physical sciences and almost always occurs heterogeneously with the aid of a nucleating substrate. No example of nucleation is more ubiquitous and impactful than the formation of ice, vital to fields as diverse as geology, biology, aeronautics, and climate science. However, despite considerable effort, we still cannot predict a priori the efficacy of a nucleating agent. Here we utilize deep learning methods to accurately predict nucleation ability from images of room temperature liquid water—generated from molecular dynamics simulations—on a broad range of substrates. The resulting model, named IcePic, can rapidly and accurately infer nucleation ability, eliminating the requirement for either notoriously expensive simulations or direct experimental measurement. In an online poll, IcePic was found to significantly outperform humans in predicting the ice nucleating efficacy of materials. By analyzing the typical errors made by humans, as well as the application of reverse interpretation methods, physical insights into the role the water contact layer plays in ice nucleation have been obtained. Moving forward, we suggest that IcePic can be used as an easy, cheap, and rapid way to discern the nucleation ability of substrates, also with potential for learning other properties related to interfacial water.
Crystal structure of the Ate1 arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase and arginylation of N-degron substrates
Authors: Kim Bong Heon , Kim Min Kyung , Oh Sun Joo , Nguyen Kha The , Kim Jun Hoe , Varshavsky Alexander , Hwang Cheol-Sang , Song Hyun Kyu
Published: July 2022

N-degron pathways are proteolytic systems that target proteins bearing N-terminal (Nt) degradation signals (degrons) called N-degrons. Nt-Arg of a protein is among Nt-residues that can be recognized as destabilizing ones by the Arg/N-degron pathway. A proteolytic cleavage of a protein can generate Arg at the N terminus of a resulting C-terminal (Ct) fragment either directly or after Nt-arginylation of that Ct-fragment by the Ate1 arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase (R-transferase), which uses Arg-tRNAArgas a cosubstrate. Ate1 can Nt-arginylate Nt-Asp, Nt-Glu, and oxidized Nt-Cys* (Cys-sulfinate or Cys-sulfonate) of proteins or short peptides.Ate1genes of fungi, animals, and plants have been cloned decades ago, but a three-dimensional structure of Ate1 remained unknown. A detailed mechanism of arginylation is unknown as well. We describe here the crystal structure of the Ate1 R-transferase from the budding yeastKluyveromyces lactis. The 58-kDa R-transferase comprises two domains that recognize, together, an acidic Nt-residue of an acceptor substrate, the Arg residue of Arg-tRNAArg, and a 3′-proximal segment of the tRNAArgmoiety. The enzyme’s active site is located, at least in part, between the two domains. In vitro and in vivo arginylation assays with site-directed Ate1 mutants that were suggested by structural results yielded inferences about specific binding sites of Ate1. We also analyzed the inhibition of Nt-arginylation activity of Ate1 by hemin (Fe3+-heme), and found that hemin induced the previously undescribed disulfide-mediated oligomerization of Ate1. Together, these results advance the understanding of R-transferase and the Arg/N-degron pathway.
An integrin axis induces IFN-β production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Simoes Davina Camargo Madeira , Paschalidis Nikolaos , Kourepini Evangelia , Panoutsakopoulou Vily
Published: July 2022

Type I interferon (IFN) production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) has been mainly studied in the context of Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. In the current report, we reveal that, in the absence of TLR activation, the integrin-binding SLAYGLR motif of secreted osteopontin (sOpn) induces IFN-β production in murine pDCs. This process is mediated by α4β1 integrin, indicating that integrin triggering may act as a subtle danger signal leading to IFN-β induction. The SLAYGLR-mediated α4 integrin/IFN-β axis is MyD88 independent and operates via a PI3K/mTOR/IRF3 pathway. Consequently, SLAYGLR-treated pDCs produce increased levels of type I IFNs following TLR stimulation. Intratumoral administration of SLAYGLR induces accumulation of IFN-β–expressing pDCs and efficiently suppresses melanoma tumor growth. In this process, pDCs are crucial. Finally, SLAYGLR enhances pDC development from bone marrow progenitors. These findings open new questions on the roles of sOpn and integrin α4 during homeostasis and inflammation. The newly identified integrin/IFN-β axis may be implicated in a wide array of immune responses.
Small changes in phospho-occupancy at the kinetochore–microtubule interface drive mitotic fidelity
Authors: Kucharski Thomas J. , Hards Rufus , Vandal Sarah E. , Abad Maria Alba , Jeyaprakash A. Arockia , Kaye Edward , al-Rawi Aymen , Ly Tony , Godek Kristina M. , Gerber Scott A. , Compton Duane A.
Published: July 2022

Kinetochore protein phosphorylation promotes the correction of erroneous microtubule attachments to ensure faithful chromosome segregation during cell division. Determining how phosphorylation executes error correction requires an understanding of whether kinetochore substrates are completely (i.e., all-or-none) or only fractionally phosphorylated. Using quantitative mass spectrometry (MS), we measured phospho-occupancy on the conserved kinetochore protein Hec1 (NDC80) that directly binds microtubules. None of the positions measured exceeded ∼50% phospho-occupancy, and the cumulative phospho-occupancy changed by only ∼20% in response to changes in microtubule attachment status. The narrow dynamic range of phospho-occupancy is maintained, in part, by the ongoing phosphatase activity. Further, both Cdk1–Cyclin B1 and Aurora kinases phosphorylate Hec1 to enhance error correction in response to different types of microtubule attachment errors. The low inherent phospho-occupancy promotes microtubule attachment to kinetochores while the high sensitivity of kinetochore–microtubule attachments to small changes in phospho-occupancy drives error correction and ensures high mitotic fidelity.
Formation of bound states from the edge states of 2D topological insulator by macroscopic magnetic barriers
Authors: Khomitsky D V , Konakov A A , Lavrukhina E A
Published: July 2022

A model of bound state formation from the delocalized edge states of 2D topological insulator (TI) is derived by considering the effects of magnetic barriers attached to the edge of the HgTe/CdTe quantum well. The resulting structure has a spatial form of 1D quantum dot (QD) with variable number of bound states depending on barrier parameters. The spatial profile of exchange interaction between the edge states and barriers is derived from the interaction with single impurity magnetic moment and is generalized for the barrier bulk structure formed by ensemble of impurities. The resulting Hamiltonian is studied as a function of barrier parameters including their strength and orientation of the magnetic moments. It is shown that for parallel magnetization of two barriers at least two discrete levels are formed regardless of the barrier strength. For antiparallel magnetization at least a single bound state is formed for any strength of the barriers. Our results may help in design of novel types of QDs based on TIs.