bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking Sustainability Practices Use throughout Industrial Construction Project Delivery
Authors: Yun Sungmin , Jung Wooyong
Published: June 2017

Despite the efforts for sustainability studies in building and infrastructure construction, the sustainability issues in industrial construction remain understudied. Further, few studies evaluate sustainability and benchmark sustainability issues in industrial construction from a management perspective. This study presents a phase-based benchmarking framework for evaluating sustainability practices use focusing on industrial facilities project. Based on the framework, this study quantifies and assesses sustainability practices use, and further sorts the results by project phase and major project characteristics, including project type, project nature, and project delivery method. The results show that sustainability practices were implemented higher in the construction and startup phases relative to other phases, with a very broad range. An assessment by project type and project nature showed significant differences in sustainability practices use, but no significant difference in practices use by project delivery method. This study contributes to providing a benchmarking method for sustainability practices in industrial facilities projects at the project phase level. This study also discusses and provides an application of phase-based benchmarking for sustainability in industrial construction.
Mapping the Field: A Bibliometric Analysis of Green Innovation
Authors: Albort-Morant Gema , Henseler Jörg , Leal-Millán Antonio , Cepeda-Carrión Gabriel
Published: June 2017

The topic of green innovation (GI) has increasingly attained organizational relevance due to its contribution to the satisfaction of environmental needs while concurrently enabling companies to differentiate themselves from their competitors, and hence attain sustainable competitive advantages. In this context, we conducted a detailed analysis of 618 papers on green innovation from the Web of Science (WoS) database for the 1971–2015 period. This paper develops a bibliometric analysis with the aim of assessing the key papers in the field and identifying the most substantive contributions to the literature. This study presents the following findings: (i) the chronological development of the discipline; (ii) the research trends and popular issues in this field; (iii) the antecedent variables acting as key drivers of GI in these studies; and (iv) the main outcomes of GI. Therefore, this paper provides the past, the present and the potential future of this specific topic and serves as an orientation and guide for researchers who are new to the topic of GI; it also enhances their knowledge concerning which journals, authors and articles they may consult while creating their theoretical framework or designing future research models.
Presence of Enniatins and Beauvericin in Romanian Wheat Samples: From Raw Material to Products for Direct Human Consumption
Authors: Stanciu Oana , Juan Cristina , Miere Doina , Loghin Felicia , Mañes Jordi
Published: June 2017

In this study, a total of 244 wheat and wheat-based products collected from Romania were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in order to evaluate the presence of four enniatins (ENs; i.e., ENA, ENA1, ENB, and ENB1) and beauvericin (BEA). For the wheat samples, the influence of agricultural practices was assessed, whereas the results for the wheat-based products were used to calculate the estimated daily intake of emerging mycotoxins through wheat consumption for the Romanian population. ENB presented the highest incidence (41% in wheat and 32% in wheat-based products), with its maximum levels of 815 μg kg−1 and 170 μg kg−1 in wheat and wheat-based products, respectively. The correlation between the concentrations of ENB and ENB1 in wheat grain samples and farm practices (organic or conventional) was confirmed statistically (p < 0.05). This is the first study that provides comprehensive information about the influence of agricultural practice on emerging Fusarium mycotoxin presence in Romanian wheat samples and the estimated daily intake of ENs and BEA present in wheat-based products for human consumption commercialized in Romania.
Classification of Cowpox Viruses into Several Distinct Clades and Identification of a Novel Lineage
Authors: Franke Annika , Pfaff Florian , Jenckel Maria , Hoffmann Bernd , Höper Dirk , Antwerpen Markus , Meyer Hermann , Beer Martin , Hoffmann Donata
Published: June 2017

Cowpox virus (CPXV) was considered as uniform species within the genus Orthopoxvirus (OPV). Previous phylogenetic analysis indicated that CPXV is polyphyletic and isolates may cluster into different clades with two of these clades showing genetic similarities to either variola (VARV) or vaccinia viruses (VACV). Further analyses were initiated to assess both the genetic diversity and the evolutionary background of circulating CPXVs. Here we report the full-length sequences of 20 CPXV strains isolated from different animal species and humans in Germany. A phylogenetic analysis of altogether 83 full-length OPV genomes confirmed the polyphyletic character of the species CPXV and suggested at least four different clades. The German isolates from this study mainly clustered into two CPXV-like clades, and VARV- and VACV-like strains were not observed. A single strain, isolated from a cotton-top tamarin, clustered distantly from all other CPXVs and might represent a novel and unique evolutionary lineage. The classification of CPXV strains into clades roughly followed their geographic origin, with the highest clade diversity so far observed for Germany. Furthermore, we found evidence for recombination between OPV clades without significant disruption of the observed clustering. In conclusion, this analysis markedly expands the number of available CPXV full-length sequences and confirms the co-circulation of several CPXV clades in Germany, and provides the first data about a new evolutionary CPXV lineage.
Highly Sensitive Bacteriophage-Based Detection of Brucella abortus in Mixed Culture and Spiked Blood
Authors: Sergueev Kirill , Filippov Andrey , Nikolich Mikeljon
Published: June 2017

For decades, bacteriophages (phages) have been used for Brucella species identification in the diagnosis and epidemiology of brucellosis. Traditional Brucella phage typing is a multi-day procedure including the isolation of a pure culture, a step that can take up to three weeks. In this study, we focused on the use of brucellaphages for sensitive detection of the pathogen in clinical and other complex samples, and developed an indirect method of Brucella detection using real-time quantitative PCR monitoring of brucellaphage DNA amplification via replication on live Brucella cells. This assay allowed the detection of single bacteria (down to 1 colony-forming unit per milliliter) within 72 h without DNA extraction and purification steps. The technique was equally efficient with Brucella abortus pure culture and with mixed cultures of B. abortus and α-proteobacterial near neighbors that can be misidentified as Brucella spp., Ochrobactrum anthropi and Afipia felis. The addition of a simple short sample preparation step enabled the indirect phage-based detection of B. abortus in spiked blood, with the same high sensitivity. This indirect phage-based detection assay enables the rapid and sensitive detection of live B. abortus in mixed cultures and in blood samples, and can potentially be applied for detection in other clinical samples and other complex sample types.
Characterization of Bacillus subtilis Viruses vB_BsuM-Goe2 and vB_BsuM-Goe3
Authors: Willms Inka , Hoppert Michael , Hertel Robert
Published: June 2017

The Spounavirinae viruses are ubiquitous in nature and have an obligatory virulent lifestyle. They infect Firmicutes, a bacterial phylum containing an array of environmental non-pathogenic and pathogenic organisms. To expand the knowledge of this viral subfamily, new strains were isolated and investigated in this study. Here we present two new viruses, vB_BsuM-Goe2 and vB_BsuM-Goe3, isolated from raw sewage and infecting Bacillus species. Both were morphologically classified via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as members of the Spounavirinae subfamily belonging to the Myoviridae family. Genomic sequencing and analyses allowed further affiliation of vB_BsuM-Goe2 to the SPO1-like virus group and vB_BsuM-Goe3 to the Bastille-like virus group. Experimentally determined adsorption constant, latency period, burst size and host range for both viruses revealed different survival strategies. Thus vB_BsuM-Goe2 seemed to rely on fewer host species compared to vB_BsuM-Goe3, but efficiently recruits those. Stability tests pointed out that both viruses are best preserved in LB-medium or TMK-buffer at 4 or 21 °C, whereas cryopreservation strongly reduced viability.
Probabilistic Models for the Peak Residential Water Demand
Authors: Gargano Rudy , Tricarico Carla , Granata Francesco , Santopietro Simone , De Marinis Giovanni
Published: June 2017

Peak water demand is one of the most stringent operative conditions for a Water Distribution System (WDS), not only for the intensity of the event itself, but also for its recurring nature. The estimation of the maximum water demand is a crucial aspect in both the design and management processes. Studies in the past have tackled this issue with deterministic approaches, even if peak phenomena are distinctly random. In this work, probabilistic models have been developed to study and forecast the daily maximum residential water demand. Some probability distributions have been tested by means of statistical inferences on different data samples related to three monitored WDS. The parameter estimations of the proposed equations have been related to the number of supplied users. Furthermore, this work investigates time scaling effects on the effectiveness of the proposed distributions and relations. Corrective factors that take into account the effect of time averaging step on the above-mentioned parameters have been proposed.
Using Modeling Tools to Better Understand Permafrost Hydrology
Authors: Fabre Clément , Sauvage Sabine , Tananaev Nikita , Srinivasan Raghavan , Teisserenc Roman , Sánchez Pérez José
Published: June 2017

Modification of the hydrological cycle and, subsequently, of other global cycles is expected in Arctic watersheds owing to global change. Future climate scenarios imply widespread permafrost degradation caused by an increase in air temperature, and the expected effect on permafrost hydrology is immense. This study aims at analyzing, and quantifying the daily water transfer in the largest Arctic river system, the Yenisei River in central Siberia, Russia, partially underlain by permafrost. The semi-distributed SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model has been calibrated and validated at a daily time step in historical discharge simulations for the 2003–2014 period. The model parameters have been adjusted to embrace the hydrological features of permafrost. SWAT is shown capable to estimate water fluxes at a daily time step, especially during unfrozen periods, once are considered specific climatic and soils conditions adapted to a permafrost watershed. The model simulates average annual contribution to runoff of 263 millimeters per year (mm yr−1) distributed as 152 mm yr−1 (58%) of surface runoff, 103 mm yr−1 (39%) of lateral flow and 8 mm yr−1 (3%) of return flow from the aquifer. These results are integrated on a reduced basin area downstream from large dams and are closer to observations than previous modeling exercises.
Analysis of Water Tariff Reform on Water Consumption in Different Housing Typologies in Calvià (Mallorca)
Authors: Deyà-Tortella Bartolomé , Garcia Celso , Nilsson William , Tirado Dolores
Published: June 2017

This study analyses water prices and residential water consumption using micro data for three different housing typologies in Calvia with contrasting household characteristics. We examine the effect of a price reform of the sanitation fee (implemented in 2013) on the average prices and their water consumption in each of the areas. Our results conclude that the aggregate water consumption decreased only during the year of the reform, but increased the following year. The increase in the amount of water consumed by the houses of higher standards of living was greater than the small decrease in water consumption by families with medium and low-medium incomes. Thus, the reform had a very modest effect as regards reducing water consumption, and many households increased their consumption despite the higher prices. From a water policy perspective, we recommend a water tariff scheme differentiated according to the housing characteristics in order to find the most effective and fairest way to save water.
From chemical metabolism to life: the origin of the genetic coding process
Authors: Danchin Antoine
Published: June 2017

Looking for origins is so much rooted in ideology that most studies reflect opinions that fail to explore the first realistic scenarios. To be sure, trying to understand the origins of life should be based on what we know of current chemistry in the solar system and beyond. There, amino acids and very small compounds such as carbon dioxide, dihydrogen or dinitrogen and their immediate derivatives are ubiquitous. Surface-based chemical metabolism using these basic chemicals is the most likely beginning in which amino acids, coenzymes and phosphate-based small carbon molecules were built up. Nucleotides, and of course RNAs, must have come to being much later. As a consequence, the key question to account for life is to understand how chemical metabolism that began with amino acids progressively shaped into a coding process involving RNAs. Here I explore the role of building up complementarity rules as the first information-based process that allowed for the genetic code to emerge, after RNAs were substituted to surfaces to carry over the basic metabolic pathways that drive the pursuit of life.
Distal demonstratives licensed by culturally-familiar scenarios
Authors: Doran Ryan , Ward Gregory
Published: June 2017

Previous work on English demonstratives (Gundel et al. 1993, Diessel 1999) has shown that distal demonstratives may be used to indicate information status. In this paper, we investigate a use of distal demonstratives that is licensed by (presumed) shared knowledge of culturally-familiar scenarios, rather than by private shared knowledge of particular entities, as exemplified in (1):(1)  I’m not really fit to talk in the morning until I’ve had that first cup of coffee. [corpus]Here, the entity specified by the demonstrative NP stands proxy for the familiar routine of beginning’s one day and no specific cup of coffee is being referred to.  We show that, by using the demonstrative in this way, the speaker presumes that the hearer is a member of community in which the relevant scenario is familiar.
Passivization possibilities in double-accusative constructions
Authors: Lee-Schoenfeld Vera , Diewald Gabriele
Published: June 2017

Based on a diachronic corpus search, this paper proposes that dative rather than accusative-marking on the first object of German double-accusative verbs like lehren 'teach' (as also discussed in Lang 2007) and the corresponding passivization possibilities stem from the first object being interpreted as Recipient (sympathy-invoking co-participant, see Lehmann et al. 2004) rather than animate Patient and the second object being interpreted as inanimate Patient rather than adverbial accusative. In addition, a formal case-based account of German active and passive (di)transitive constructions is offered, making a three-way distinction between (i) structural, (ii) predictable inherent, and (iii) idiosyncratic lexical case (in line with Woolford 2006).
Perception of Welsh vowel contrasts by Welsh-Spanish bilinguals in Argentina
Authors: Bell Elise Adrienne
Published: June 2017

This study investigates the perception of Welsh vowel contrasts by Welsh-Spanish bilinguals. A two-alternative forced choice perception task elicited subjects’ reliance on vowel tenseness and duration in the identification of ambiguous Welsh vowels. Results demonstrate no effect of order of acquisition on speakers’ reliance on duration (over vowel quality) as a cue to vowel identity in Welsh. This supports past work demonstrating that speakers of a language which lacks a given contrast perceptually rely on the most salient phonetic dimension of that contrast in an L2. Results were also atypical: language dominance outweighed a predicted age of acquisition effect on speakers adaptation to L2 phonetic cues.
Proportional implies relative: A typological universal
Authors: Coppock Elizabeth , Bogal-Allbritten Elizabeth , Nouri-Hosseini Golsa , Stiefeling Saskia
Published: June 2017

We give evidence from a geographically, genetically, and typologically diverse set of languages (drawn from 26 different language families and every continent) for the following typological universal: Regardless of the morphosyntactic strategy used by a language to form superlatives, if superlative morphosyntax can be applied to 'much' or 'many', then the result can be used to express a relative reading (as in Hillary has visited the most continents (out of everyone)) but not necessarily a proportional reading (as in 'Hillary has visited most of the continents'). Thus, no language deploys the regular superlative of 'much'/'many' for the proportional but not the relative reading. We also give a rough estimate of how rare proportional readings for quantity superlatives are: about 10%. Nevertheless, we show that proportional readings arise with a diverse set of strategies for forming superlatives.
Uyghur -ip as a verb linker in multiple constructions
Authors: Sugar Alexander
Published: June 2017

Uyghur grammars and linguistic works have traditionally described the -ip morpheme as a suffix that derives adverbs from verbs (Tömür 2003, Tohti 2012). This paper uses structural diagnostics involving passive morphology, single negation and NPI licensing to argue that -ip is a functional head with multiple syntactically distinct roles in different structures. The distinct properties of these structures, according to the types of verbs that are linked by -ip, provide evidence against a uniform derivational process of adverb formation. In some case -ip allows for adjunction of a TP-sized constituent, suggesting it may be a non-finite T head. In other cases it allows for adjunction of a verb phrase, and in yet another case it creates a lexical verb + auxiliary sequence in a monoclausal structure. I suggest that -ip in the latter two cases may be an event head.
Variation in the pronunciation/silence of the prepositions in locative determiners
Authors: Di Sciullo Anna Maria
Published: June 2017

We argue that the micro-variation observed in the pronunciation/silence of the prepositional head of locative determiners in Fallese, a dialect spoken in Abruzzi, follows from the option of valuing features by either External Merge or by Internal Merge, given Spell-Out conditions, whereas this option is not available in English and Italian. It follows that the prepositional head is silent in Italian and English, whereas it can be pronounced in Fallese when the Specifier of the locative determiner is not filled. We show that this feature-based approach to micro-variation, in conjunction with principles of efficient computation, makes correct predictions for the pronunciation of the prepositional head in other functional categories, as well as it makes predictions on the diachronic development of locative determiners Latin to Fallese and from Latin to Italian’, otherwise it looks like Fallese is an old stage of Italian.
Overriding default interpretations through prosody: Depictive predicates in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Brambatti Guzzo Natália , Goad Heather
Published: June 2017

In Brazilian Portuguese, depictive predicates can have ambiguous readings: the attribute can either refer to the subject (high attachment; HA) or the object (low attachment; LA) of the sentence. Previous studies have found that LA is the default interpretation for ambiguous depictive predicates (e.g., Magalhães & Maia 2006, Fonseca & Magalhães 2007), and that speakers use different acoustic cues to signal HA. However, these studies found several mismatches between speakers’ intended intonation and listeners’ interpretations. We conducted a judgement task and a production task to determine which acoustic cues are used by native speakers to arrive at HA interpretation. The results for the judgement task indicate that HA interpretation is favored by pause before attribute (which can be combined with another cue in the attribute). In the production task, speakers can also signal HA by putting a pause before the attribute (which can be combined with another cue in the object). However, some of the participants did not use any acoustic cue to signal HA, which suggests that some speakers arrive at a HA interpretation only through context, not prosody.
Syllable weight and duration: A rhyme/intervals comparison
Authors: Lunden Anya
Published: June 2017

Steriade (2012) proposed intervals as a more appropriate syllable weight domain than rhymes. This study explores how interval weight cashes out as duration across word positions and compares this to a rhyme-based account. The data reported on in Lunden (2013), from native speakers of Norwegian (a language in which (C)VC syllables are heavy only non-finally) is reanalyzed with intervals. Lunden found that syllable rhymes in all three positions, if taken as a percentage of the average V rhyme in that word position, fell into a coherent pattern for weight. It is shown that interval durations allow for a similar, albeit less robust, pattern. The data from Lunden’s (2013) perception experiment that tested the correlation between increased vowel duration and listeners’ classification of syllable weight is also recast with interval durations, and the importance of the proportional increase over the raw increase, originally found for the rhyme data, is found to hold for the interval data. Thus, taking intervals as the weight domain is shown to result in reasonable durational relations between interval weights, although interval durations show less separation between some light and heavy units than the rhyme durations do.
Georgian stem formants and nominalization
Authors: Flinn Gallagher
Published: June 2017

The Georgian verb system is complex, and in many cases the function and meaning of certain morphemes is not entirely clear. One such morpheme, the stem formant, appears in both non-perfect verbs and nominal structures. Although they are usually associated with aspect in the verb, I propose that there are several advantages to treating stem formants as nominal heads bearing the feature [+collective]. If stem formants are nominalizers, then several facts about their distribution can be explained, including their historical origin, their presence in abstract and verbal nouns, and their absence from verbs which assign ergative case to their subjects. Doing so also makes it possible to bring Georgian split ergativity closer in line with other analyses of ergative splits in Basque (Laka, 2006) and Chol (Coon, 2013)
Who has more? The influence of linguistic form on quantity judgments
Authors: Scontras Gregory , Davidson Kathryn , Deal Amy Rose , Murray Sarah E.
Published: June 2017

Quantity judgment tasks have been increasingly used within and across languages as a diagnostic for noun semantics. Overwhelmingly, results show that notionally atomic nouns (Who has more cats?) are counted, while notionally non-atomic nouns (Who has more milk?) are measured by volume. There are two primary outliers to the strict atomicity-tracking pattern. First, some nouns, like furniture, show primarily cardinality-based results in some studies, indicating atomicity, but nevertheless show systematic non-cardinality judgments in other studies, with comparison based instead on value/utility. Second, it has been reported that speakers of the Amazonian language Yudja favor cardinality-based quantity comparison for all nouns regardless of notional atomicity. In the current study, we show that both of these patterns arise in naïve English speakers in the absence of clear linguistic cues to atomicity, and suggest that the absence or mis-diagnosis of linguistic cues may be behind the reported outliers to atomicity-tracking.
A Better, Faster Road From Biological Data to Human Health: A Systems Biology Approach for Engineered Cell Cultures
Authors: Hawkins Brian T. , Grego Sonia
Published: June 2017

Traditionally, the interactions of drugs and toxicants with human tissue have been investigated in a reductionist way—for example, by focusing on specific molecular targets and using single-cell-type cultures before testing compounds in whole organisms. More recently, “systems biology” approaches attempt to enhance the predictive value of in vitro biological data by adopting a comprehensive description of biological systems and using computational tools that are sophisticated enough to handle the complexity of these systems. However, the utility of computational models resulting from these efforts completely relies on the quality of the data used to construct them. Here, we propose that recent advances in the development of bioengineered, three-dimensional, multicellular constructs provide in vitro data of sufficient complexity and physiological relevance to be used in predictive systems biology models of human responses. Such predictive models are essential to maximally leveraging these emerging bioengineering technologies to improve both therapeutic development and toxicity risk assessment. This brief outlines the opportunities presented by emerging technologies and approaches for the acceleration of drug development and toxicity testing, as well as the challenges lying ahead for the field.
Optical Sky Brightness and Transparency during the Winter Season at Dome A Antarctica from the Gattini-All-Sky Camera
Authors: Yang Yi , Moore Anna M. , Krisciunas Kevin , Wang Lifan , Ashley Michael C. B. , Fu Jianning , Brown Peter J. , Cui Xiangqun , Feng Long-Long , Gong Xuefei , Hu Zhongwen , Lawrence Jon S. , Luong-Van Daniel , Riddle Reed L. , Shang Zhaohui , Sims Geoff , Storey John W. V. , Suntzeff Nicholas B. , Tothill Nick , Travouillon Tony , Yang Huigen , Yang Ji , Zhou Xu , Zhu Zhenxi
Published: June 2017

The summit of the Antarctic plateau, Dome A, is proving to be an excellent site for optical, near-infrared, and terahertz astronomical observations. Gattini is a wide-field camera installed on the PLATO instrument module as part of the Chinese-led traverse to Dome A in 2009 January. We present here the measurements of sky brightness with the Gattini ultra-large field of view (

) in the photometric B-, V-, and R-bands; cloud cover statistics measured during the 2009 winter season; and an estimate of the sky transparency. A cumulative probability distribution indicates that the darkest 10% of the nights at Dome A have sky brightness of S

B
 = 22.98, S

V
 = 21.86, and S

R
 = 21.68 mag arcsec−2. These values were obtained during the year 2009 with minimum aurora, and they are comparable to the faintest sky brightness at Maunakea and the best sites of northern Chile. Since every filter includes strong auroral lines that effectively contaminate the sky brightness measurements, for instruments working around the auroral lines, either with custom filters or with high spectral resolution instruments, these values could be easily obtained on a more routine basis. In addition, we present example light curves for bright targets to emphasize the unprecedented observational window function available from this ground-based site. These light curves will be published in a future paper.
The O2 A-Band in the Fluxes and Polarization of Starlight Reflected by Earth-Like Exoplanets
Authors: Fauchez Thomas , Rossi Loic , Stam Daphne M.
Published: June 2017

Earth-like, potentially habitable exoplanets are prime targets in the search for extraterrestrial life. Information about their atmospheres and surfaces can be derived by analyzing the light of the parent star reflected by the planet. We investigate the influence of the surface albedo A
s, the optical thickness b
cloud, the altitude of water clouds, and the mixing ratio of biosignature O2 on the strength of the O2 A-band (around 760 nm) in the flux and polarization spectra of starlight reflected by Earth-like exoplanets. Our computations for horizontally homogeneous planets show that small mixing ratios (η < 0.4) will yield moderately deep bands in flux and moderate-to-small band strengths in polarization, and that clouds will usually decrease the band depth in flux and the band strength in polarization. However, cloud influence will be strongly dependent on properties such as optical thickness, top altitude, particle phase, coverage fraction, and horizontal distribution. Depending on the surface albedo and cloud properties, different O2 mixing ratios η can give similar absorption-band depths in flux and band strengths in polarization, especially if the clouds have moderate-to-high optical thicknesses. Measuring both the flux and the polarization is essential to reduce the degeneracies, although it will not solve them, especially not for horizontally inhomogeneous planets. Observations at a wide range of phase angles and with a high temporal resolution could help to derive cloud properties and, once those are known, the mixing ratio of O2 or any other absorbing gas.
The Plasma Parameters and Geometry of Cool and Warm Active Region Loops
Authors: Xie Haixia , Madjarska Maria S. , Li Bo , Huang Zhenghua , Xia Lidong , Wiegelmann Thomas , Fu Hui , Mou Chaozhou
Published: June 2017

How the solar corona is heated to high temperatures remains an unsolved mystery in solar physics. In the present study we analyze observations of 50 whole active region loops taken with the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on board the Hinode satellite. Eleven loops were classified as cool loops (<1 MK) and 39 as warm loops (1–2 MK). We study their plasma parameters, such as densities, temperatures, filling factors, nonthermal velocities, and Doppler velocities. We combine spectroscopic analysis with linear force-free magnetic field extrapolation to derive the 3D structure and positioning of the loops, their lengths and heights, and the magnetic field strength along the loops. We use density-sensitive line pairs from Fe xii, Fe xiii, Si x, and Mg vii ions to obtain electron densities by taking special care of intensity background subtraction. The emission measure loci method is used to obtain the loop temperatures. We find that the loops are nearly isothermal along the line of sight. Their filling factors are between 8% and 89%. We also compare the observed parameters with the theoretical Rosner–Tucker–Vaiana (RTV) scaling law. We find that most of the loops are in an overpressure state relative to the RTV predictions. In a follow-up study, we will report a heating model of a parallel-cascade-based mechanism and will compare the model parameters with the loop plasma and structural parameters derived here.
Stratified Simulations of Collisionless Accretion Disks
Authors: Hirabayashi Kota , Hoshino Masahiro
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a series of stratified-shearing-box simulations of collisionless accretion disks in the recently developed framework of kinetic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), which can handle finite non-gyrotropy of a pressure tensor. Although a fully kinetic simulation predicted a more efficient angular-momentum transport in collisionless disks than in the standard MHD regime, the enhanced transport has not been observed in past kinetic-MHD approaches to gyrotropic pressure anisotropy. For the purpose of investigating this missing link between the fully kinetic and MHD treatments, this paper explores the role of non-gyrotropic pressure and makes the first attempt to incorporate certain collisionless effects into disk-scale, stratified disk simulations. When the timescale of gyrotropization was longer than, or comparable to, the disk-rotation frequency of the orbit, we found that the finite non-gyrotropy selectively remaining in the vicinity of current sheets contributes to suppressing magnetic reconnection in the shearing-box system. This leads to increases both in the saturated amplitude of the MHD turbulence driven by magnetorotational instabilities and in the resultant efficiency of angular-momentum transport. Our results seem to favor the fast advection of magnetic fields toward the rotation axis of a central object, which is required to launch an ultra-relativistic jet from a black hole accretion system in, for example, a magnetically arrested disk state.
Lensing of Fast Radio Bursts by Plasma Structures in Host Galaxies
Authors: Cordes J. M. , Wasserman I. , Hessels J. W. T. , Lazio T. J. W. , Chatterjee S. , Wharton R. S.
Published: June 2017

The amplitudes of fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be strongly modulated by plasma lenses in their host galaxies, including that of the repeating FRB 121102 at ∼1 Gpc luminosity distance. Caustics require the lens’ dispersion measure depth (

), scale size (a), and distance from the source (

) to satisfy

. Caustics produce strong magnifications (

) on short timescales (

hours to days) that appear as narrow spectral peaks (0.1–1 GHz). They also suppress the flux density in longer-duration (∼months) troughs. Multiply imaged bursts will arrive differentially by

to tens of ms with different apparent dispersion measures,

pc cm−3. When differing by less than the burst width, interference effects in dynamic spectra will be seen. Larger arrival time perturbations may mask any underlying periodicity with period

. Strong lensing requires sources smaller than

, which includes compact objects such as neutron star magnetospheres but excludes active galactic nuclei. We discuss constraints on densities, magnetic fields, and locations of plasma lenses related to the conditions needed for lensing to occur. Much of the phenomenology of the repeating FRB source FRB 121102 can be accounted for in this picture, which can be tested by obtaining wideband spectra of bursts (from

to 10 GHz and possibly higher) that will also help characterize the plasma environment near FRB sources. A rich variety of phenomena is expected from an ensemble of lenses near an FRB source.
Les titres fonciers autour de Bamako : modes d’accès et impacts sur les usages
Authors: Camara Fatoumata
Published: June 2017

Dans les communes environnantes de Bamako, les ressources naturelles, particulièrement les terres agricoles, sont soumises à une forte pression. Celle-ci se manifeste par une augmentation croissante du nombre de titres fonciers (TF) pendant ces dernières années. Les communes périurbaines de Bamako comptaient en décembre 2010 43 694 TF avec une superficie de 56 164 hectares, 83 ares et 59 centiares. L’augmentation significative des TF profite peu ou pas à la production agricole. Les usages de la terre étant constamment modifiés, les terres acquises par les nouveaux acquéreurs (les Bamakois) sont utilisées dans la plupart des cas comme un moyen de thésaurisation foncière pour de futurs terrains d’habitations. C’est ainsi qu’environ 70 % des TF ont vocation d’habitation. L’approvisionnement des populations bamakoises en céréales et légumes, que les paysans assuraient tant bien que mal, se détériore, anéantissant les effets bénéfiques d’une sécurisation foncière par voie d’immatriculation.
Vermenging van lig en donker hier net te vaal
Authors: Smith Francois A.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
An assessment of consumers’ subconscious responses to frontline employees’ attractiveness in a service failure and recovery situation
Authors: Boshoff Christo
Published: June 2017

Background: Initial analyses of the impact of physical attractiveness in a business context have supported the ‘what is beautiful is good’ contention. However, in circumstances characterised by negative emotions, duress and stress, very little is known about how human beings respond at the subconscious level to the attractiveness of frontline service providers.Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess whether consumers who complain to a frontline service provider about a service failure respond differently at the subconscious level when the service provider involved in the service encounter is attractive compared with one who is less attractive.Method: Forty respondents were exposed to a video clip of a service failure and service recovery situation. While viewing the hypothetical scenario, two neuro-physiological measurements were used to collect data at the subconscious level, namely galvanic skin response (GSR) and electroencephalography (EEG).Results: The results suggest that, at the subconscious level, customers respond differently to the service recovery efforts depending on the attractiveness of the frontline service provider who attempts to rectify the service failure.Conclusion: The results seem to suggest that the physical attractiveness of a frontline service provider moderates (or softens) the negative emotions that a complaining customer might experience during a service failure and complaint situation – consistent with the ‘what is beautiful is good’ contention.
Congruences for Modular Forms mod 2 and QuaternionicS-ideal Classes
Authors: Martin Kimball
Published: June 2017

We prove many simultaneous congruences mod 2 for elliptic and Hilbert modular forms among forms with different Atkin–Lehner eigenvalues. The proofs involve the notion of quaternionicS-ideal classes and the distribution of Atkin–Lehner signs among newforms.
Éditorial n°73 Déchets Sciences et Techniques
Authors: Gourdon Rémy
Published: June 2017

Après le numéro 72 paru en novembre dernier, consacré au congrès E3D 2016 (« Eau, Déchets et Développement Durable ») qui s’est tenu à Lomé (Togo) en mars 2016, et le numéro 71 publié à peine un mois plus tôt, nous retrouvons avec le présent numéro 73 un rythme de publication plus habituel pour la revue. Celui-ci, avec une moyenne de 3 à 4 numéros par an, a permis à la revue DST de publier 73 numéros en une vingtaine d’années d’existence. Il résulte à la fois du nombre de manuscrits soumis pour publication par la communauté scientifique, et du taux d’acceptation résultant du travail des lecteurs qui révisent les manuscrits. Je m’efforcerai, ainsi sans nul doute que mes successeurs, à maintenir ce rythme encore au moins vingt années supplémentaires !En cohérence avec la ligne éditoriale de la revue, ce nouveau numéro regroupe des contributions de diverses équipes de recherche francophones. Ainsi, les deux premiers articles du numéro sont issus de travaux conduits par des équipes togolaises, qui ont certainement bénéficié de l’effet positif d’entrainement du congrès E3D 2016 de Lomé. Les autres articles proviennent d’équipes françaises, égyptienne et algérienne.La revue DST conserve son ambition de publier en français des articles de recherche et de retour d’expérience, avec un délai de relecture que nous nous efforçons de maintenir court, auprès d’un lectorat de scientifiques et autres professionnels partageant un intérêt commun pour le génie de l’environnement.Tout lecteur ou lectrice de la revue en est contributeur potentiel en tant qu’auteur. Nous attendons donc vos manuscrits !D’ici là, bonne lecture !
Défluoruration des eaux à l’aide des résidus du traitement des phosphates naturels et des argilites feuilletées
Authors: Tanouayi Gnon , GNANDI Kissao , Ouro-Sama Kamilou , Ahoudi Housséni , Solitoke Hodabalo Dhéoulaba , Badassan Tchaa Esso-Essinam , Nyametso A. Yawovi , Agbéko Aduayi-Akué Adoté
Published: June 2017

This study is a contribution to the development of adsorption techniques for the removal of fluoride in natural waters. The work is carried out on a laboratory scale using local geo-materials sorbents, on the one hand the residues from the treatment of natural phosphorite of Hahotoé-Kpogamé and on the other hand the attapulgite clay mineral from the costal basin of Togo. The work carried out concerns the adsorption of fluoride on those sorbents. The following parameters are batch tested on synthetic fluoride solutions: time, solution pH, geo-material dose and fluoride concentration. The fluoride is analyzed by absorption spectrometry. The adsorption yields on the phosphorite treatment residues for aqueous fluoride solutions at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L and an adsorbent concentration of 10 g/L are 49 % at pH 6.5 and 66 % at pH 4.0. In the same experimental conditions, the yields on clay minerals are 28.2 % and 36.3 %. These yields are logically improved by increasing the adsorbent dosage (from 2 to 30 g/L). Additional tests are carried out on natural water at an initial fluoride concentration of 3.76 mg/L.

Cette étude est une contribution au développement de techniques d’adsorption pour l’élimination du fluor dans les eaux naturelles. Les travaux ont été réalisés à l’échelle du laboratoire en utilisant comme sorbants des géo-matériaux locaux, d’une part les résidus du traitement des phosphates naturels de Hahotoé-Kpogamé et d’autre part l’argilite feuilletée du bassin sédimentaire côtier du Togo. Les travaux réalisés concernent l’adsorption du fluor sur les sorbants considérés. Les paramètres suivants ont été testés en batch sur des solutions synthétiques de fluor : le temps, le pH de la solution, la dose du géo-matériau et la concentration du fluor. Le fluor a été dosé par spectromètrie d’absorption. Les rendements d’adsorption sur les résidus de traitement des phosphates pour des solutions aqueuses de fluor à concentration initiale de 10 mg/L et une concentration en adsorbant de 10 g/L ont été de 49 % à pH 6,5 et 66 % à pH de 4,0. Dans les mêmes conditions expérimentales, les rendements sur les argilites ont été de 28,2 % et 36,3 %. Ces rendements ont logiquement été améliorés en augmentant le dosage en adsorbant (de 2 à 30 g/L). Des essais complémentaires ont été réalisés sur une eau naturelle à une concentration initiale en fluor de 3,76 mg/L.
Analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) d’une filière de valorisation terrestre de sédiments de dragage marins contaminés
Authors: Bai Juncheng , Chatain Vincent , Laforest Valérie
Published: June 2017

The dredging of the French harbors generates every year between 25 and 40 million tons of sediments, however few adapted treatment and valorization systems exist. Consequently, numerous research programs emerged such as SEDiGEST, which envisaged a scenario of backfill of the careers by treated marine sediments.The objective of this article is to assess results of the marine sediment terrestrial valorization systems in order to better identify the most impacting part of the systems. The assessment has been performed following the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology via the GaBi 6 software, EcoInvent v2.2 databases with the characterization method ReCiPe.In the backfill scenario, the comparative study of the two treatments within the same terrestrial valorization system concluded that the addition of the stabilization step with hydraulic binders seems not to be beneficial and do not reduce the potential environmental impacts.

Le dragage des ports français génère chaque année entre 25 et 40 millions de tonnes de sédiments, cependant peu de filières de traitement et de valorisation adaptées existent. Par conséquence, de nombreux programmes de recherche ont émergé tel que le programme SEDiGEST qui envisageait un scénario de remblaiement des carrières par des sédiments marins traités.L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer les impacts environnementaux de cette filière de valorisation terrestre de sédiments marins afin de mieux identifier les processus les plus pénalisants. L’évaluation a été réalisée en utilisant une Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV) via l’outil GaBi 6, la base de données Ecoinvent v2.2 et la méthode de caractérisation ReCiPe.Dans le scénario de remblaiement de carrière, l’étude comparative de deux alternatives au sein d’une même filière de valorisation terrestre a ainsi permis de conclure que l’ajout d’une étape de stabilisation par des liants hydrauliques ne semble pas bénéfique et ne permet pas de réduire les impacts environnementaux potentiels.
The Nightmares Course: A Longitudinal, Multidisciplinary, Simulation-Based Curriculum to Train and Assess Resident Competence in Resuscitation
Authors: McMurray Lindsey , Hall Andrew Koch , Rich Jessica , Merchant Stefan , Chaplin Timothy
Published: June 2017

Background 

Postgraduate medical education programs would benefit from a robust process for training and assessment of competence in resuscitation early in residency.

Objective 

To describe and evaluate the Nightmares Course, a novel, competency-based, transitional curriculum and assessment program in resuscitation medicine at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Methods 

First-year residents participated in the longitudinal Nightmares Course at Queen's University during the 2015–2016 academic year. An expert working group developed the entrustable professional activity and curricular design for the course. Formative feedback was provided following each simulation-based session, and we employed a summative objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) utilizing a modified Queen's Simulation Assessment Tool. A generalizability study and resident surveys were performed to evaluate the course and assessment process.

Results 

A total of 40 residents participated in the course, and 23 (58%) participated in the OSCE. Eight of 23 (35%) did not meet the predetermined competency threshold and required remediation. The OSCE demonstrated an acceptable phi coefficient of 0.73. The approximate costs were $240 per Nightmares session, $10,560 for the entire 44-session curriculum, and $3,900 for the summative OSCE.

Conclusions 

The Nightmares Course demonstrated feasibility and acceptability, and is applicable to a broad array of postgraduate medical education programs. The entrustment-based assessment detected several residents not meeting a minimum competency threshold, and directed them to additional training.
Croatian EFL Learners’ Interlanguage Requests: A Focus on Request Modification
Authors: Šegedin Borovina Danijela
Published: June 2017

This paper explores the development of pragmatic competence in the interlanguage of Croatian learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) at three proficiency levels (beginner, intermediate and advanced). It investigates the way Croatian learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) use internal and external supportive moves to modify their requests. Data were collected using an oral Discourse Completion Test consisting of ten school-related situations. The research participants were 60 EFL learners aged between 11 and 18. The coding categories developed in the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP, Blum-Kulka et al. 1989) and adapted by Schauer (2009) were used to analyse the data. Overall results indicated that the request production of EFL learners showed little variation regarding the type of modification and frequency of their use. Results also indicated weak evidence of pragmalinguistic development across levels, particularly in the use of grounders. The infrequent use of request modification suggests that pragmatic instruction should be included in FL classrooms to facilitate the development of L2 pragmatic ability.