bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childhood contact with social services, self-harm and suicidal or self-harm ideation in young adulthood: a population-wide record-linkage study
Authors: McKenna S. , O’Reilly D. , Ross E. , Maguire A.
Published: January 2025

Background

Childhood contact with social services is associated with a range of adverse mental health outcomes across the life course, yet there is limited evidence in relation to self-harm and suicidal or self-harm ideation.

Aims

Determine the association between all tiers of childhood contact with social services and presentation to an emergency department (ED) with self-harm or thoughts of suicide or self-harm (ideation) in young adulthood.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study linked population-wide administrative data on self-harm and ideation presentations recorded in the Northern Ireland Registry of Self-Harm (NIRSH) between 2012 and 2015 to primary care registrations and children’s social care data. Multilevel logistic regression models estimated the association between level of contact with social services in childhood (no contact; referred but assessed as not in need; child in need and child in care) and ED-presenting self-harm or ideation in young adulthood.

Results

There were 253,495 individuals born 1985–1993 with full data, alive and resident in Northern Ireland during 2012–2015 (ages 18–30 years). Of all young adults that presented to EDs with self-harm or ideation, 40.9% had contact with social services in childhood. Young adults with a history of care had 10-fold increased odds of self-harm or ideation (OR = 10.49 [95% CI, 9.45–11.66]) relative to those with no contact. Even those assessed as not in need of any help or support in childhood were three times more likely to present with self-harm or ideation (OR = 3.45 [95% CI, 3.07–3.88]).

Conclusions

Understanding the magnitude of childhood adversity amongst adults that present to EDs with self-harm or ideation may inform clinicians’ understanding and therapeutic decision-making. Whilst EDs provide an important setting in which to administer brief interventions, a multi-agency approach is required to reduce self-harm/ideation in young adults that had contact with social services in childhood.
Three-year course of clinical high-risk symptoms for psychosis in the community: a latent class analysis
Authors: Michel C. , Osman N. , Rinaldi G. , Schimmelmann B. G. , Kindler J. , Schultze-Lutter F.
Published: January 2025

Aims

Clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) states exhibit diverse clinical presentations, prompting a shift towards broader outcome assessments beyond psychosis manifestation. To elucidate more uniform clinical profiles and their trajectories, we investigated CHR-P profiles in a community sample.

Methods

Participants (N = 829; baseline age: 16–40 years) comprised individuals from a Swiss community sample who were followed up over roughly 3 years. latent class analysis was applied to CHR-P symptom data at baseline and follow-up, and classes were examined for demographic and clinical differences, as well as stability over time.

Results

Similar three-class solutions were yielded for both time points. Class 1 was mainly characterized by subtle, subjectively experienced disturbances in mental processes, including thinking, speech and perception (basic symptoms [BSs]). Class 2 was characterized by subthreshold positive psychotic symptoms (i.e., mild delusions or hallucinations) indicative of an ultra-high risk for psychosis. Class 3, the largest group (comprising over 90% of participants), exhibited the lowest probability of experiencing any psychosis-related symptoms (CHR-P symptoms). Classes 1 and 2 included more participants with functional impairment and psychiatric morbidity. Class 3 participants had a low probability of having functional deficits or mental disorders at both time points, suggesting that Class 3 was the healthiest group and that their mental health and functioning remained stable throughout the study period. While 91% of Baseline Class 3 participants remained in their class over time, most Baseline Classes 1 (74%) and Class 2 (88%) participants moved to Follow-up Class 3.

Conclusions

Despite some temporal fluctuations, CHR-P symptoms within community samples cluster into distinct subgroups, reflecting varying levels of symptom severity and risk profiles. This clustering highlights the largely distinct nature of BSs and attenuated positive symptoms within the community. The association of Classes 1 and 2 with Axis-I disorders and functional deficits emphasizes the clinical significance of CHR-P symptoms. These findings highlight the need for personalized preventive measures targeting specific risk profiles in community-based populations.
Low carryover risk of late-season soybean herbicides to newly planted sugarcane
Authors: Foster Matthew R. , Orgeron Albert J. , Jha Prashant , Spaunhorst Douglas J. , Wright Alice A.
Published: January 2025

Numerous annual and perennial weeds infest sugarcane. End-season weed infestations are managed before sugarcane is replanted by fallowing (cultivation and sequential glyphosate applications) or by rotating to glyphosate-tolerant soybean in Louisiana. With the occurrence of perennial grasses and glyphosate-resistant weeds, growers need to utilize alternative late POST (LPOST) herbicide programs in soybean to reduce weed infestations in newly planted sugarcane (soybean-sugarcane rotation). Current rotational restrictions limit the use of acifluorfen, clethodim, fomesafen, and quizalofop to control troublesome weeds before soybean harvest and the subsequent planting of sugarcane. However, there is a lack of information on the carryover effects of these soybean herbicides on newly planted sugarcane. Field experiments were conducted at Schriever, LA, and St. Gabriel, LA, in 2017 to 2018 and in 2020 to 2021 to determine sugarcane injury and yield component response to herbicides labeled for LPOST applications in soybean, including acifluorfen, clethodim, fomesafen, lactofen, and quizalofop, applied at the field-use rates (1X) 45 d prior to or immediately after sugarcane planting. Separate field experiments were conducted at those two locations in Louisiana in 2018 to 2019 and in 2020 to 2021 to determine sugarcane injury and yield component response to five rates of fomesafen applied immediately after sugarcane planting. Results of the herbicide screening experiment showed no reductions in sugarcane shoot and stalk population, stalk height, sugarcane yield, sucrose content, or sucrose yield from the selected herbicides at either application timing. Fomesafen applied at 790 (2X) and 1,580 (4X) g ha−1 resulted in 7% and 13% average visible injury to sugarcane at 27 d after treatment (DAT), respectively; injury symptoms persisted until 62 DAT. Transient injury observed at 62 DAT did not correspond to reduced sugarcane stalk population, height, sucrose content, sugarcane yield, or sucrose yield. This research indicates a potentially low risk of carryover and yield loss in newly planted sugarcane from late-season applications of selected soybean herbicides.
Antithrombotic therapy impact on patency and bleeding complications of arteriovenous graft placement in dialysis patients
Authors: Dakis Konstantinos , Nana Petroula , Spanos Konstantinos , Apostolidis George , Karathanos Christos , Giannoukas Athanasios , Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Matsagkas Miltiadis , Kouvelos George
Published: January 2025

Summary: Background: Arteriovenous grafts (AVG) can be the only bailout solution for patients who require kidney replacement therapy but are unsuitable for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation. Currently, high-level evidence on the effectiveness and safety of antithrombotic therapy in AVG patients is scarce. Materials and methods: Following the PICO (patient; intervention; comparator; outcome) model and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a data search of the English literature in PubMed, SCOPUS, Central Cochrane was conducted, until March 1st, 2023 (PROSPERO Protocol Number: CRD42023401785). Studies on humans with an AVG receiving any kind of antithrombotic medication, reporting on primary and secondary patency rates, and bleeding complications were included. Due to data heterogeneity, a descriptive report of the outcomes was undertaken. Results: Twelve studies, including 22,436 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and AVG were included, with patient recruitment spanning over a 41-year time-period (1982–2023). Antithrombotic factors included acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), clopidogrel, dipyridamole, warfarin, unfractioned heparin (UFH), and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Ten studies reported on primary patency rates, and two on secondary patency rates. Primary and secondary patency rates (PPR, SPR) were reported better in four studies, similar in three and worse in one study, regarding patients receiving any kind of antiplatelet therapy. Anticoagulation therapy was not associated with increased PPR or SPR, except for one study on apixaban. Patients receiving single or combined antiplatelets versus patients receiving no treatment presented higher bleeding risk in two studies and similar bleeding risk in three studies. Anticoagulation therapy, excluding apixaban, was associated with higher bleeding risk in three studies, when compared to no anticoagulation. Conclusions: Data derived from the current literature were equivocal regarding the use of antiplatelet treatment in patients with AVG. Studies on anticoagulation therapy are confined. Randomized trials with confounder stratification remain crucial for robust long-term data.
Pluralistic Ignorance for Automatic and Controlled Expressions of Prejudice
Authors: Mata André
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Previous research shows clear evidence of pluralistic ignorance regarding prejudice: People believe that others are more prejudiced than they are. However, it is not clear whether these inferences pertain to automatic or controlled prejudice. In this study, participants completed automatic and controlled attitudinal measures regarding several groups, and they estimated how other people would respond to those measures. Participants underestimated how positive other people’s attitudes are, particularly for automatic responses. Still, participants believed that other people can correct and revise these automatic responses and produce more positive controlled responses. However, the presumed controlled responses of others are more negative than participants’ own automatic responses.
Hate Speech on the Map of Stereotype Content
Authors: Soral Wiktor , Bieńkowski Maciek , Bilewicz Michał
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Although hate speech is one of the crucial challenges of contemporary societies, it is still not obvious which groups will most often become its target. In this article, we apply the stereotype content model to answer this question. In a large cross-national survey ( N = 3,135) in Germany, Poland, and the United Kingdom, we found that while the use of hate speech was associated with perceptions of warmth and competence, the effects were credibly stronger in the case of the latter dimension. The effect of competence (and to a smaller extent of warmth) was mediated by feelings of contempt toward the outgroups. Altogether, these findings suggest that hate-speech users often target their attacks at groups that are perceived to be inferior and disrespected, and thus – potentially – more dehumanized and less empathized with.
The Influence of Lithology and Fault Source Volume on the Magnitude–Frequency‐Distribution of Earthquakes
Authors: Collettini C. , Tinti E.
Published: January 2025

The earthquake Magnitude‐Frequency‐Distribution is usually modeled with the Gutenberg‐Richter law, where the b‐value controls the relative rate of small and large earthquakes. b‐value shows an inverse dependence on differential stress, it increases with fault roughness and in areas with fluid involvement in faulting. b‐value analyses have been also applied to infer temporal evolution of the stress state along active faults or to discriminate between foreshocks and aftershocks. For the Mw 6.5 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence, we show that: (a) away from the major earthquake faults, b‐values are controlled by lithology and style of deformation; (b) the absolute number of the b‐values depends on the adopted magnitude scale and catalog, but differences induced by lithology are preserved; (c) the selection of the fault source volume can strongly influence b‐value changes in time, highlighting some complexities on the applicability of the b‐value as fault stress meter.
Heatwave Future Changes From an Ensemble of Km‐Scale Regional Climate Simulations Within CORDEX‐FPS Convection
Authors: Sangelantoni L. , Sobolowski S. P. , Soares P. M. M. , Goergen K. , Cardoso R. M. , Adinolfi M. , Dobler A. , Katragkou E. , Scoccimarro E. , Ferretti R. , Tölle M. , Feldmann H.
Published: January 2025

As global temperatures continue to rise, the impact of heatwaves becomes increasingly striking. The increasing frequency and intensity of these events underscore the critical need to understand regional‐scale mechanisms and feedback, exacerbating or mitigating heatwave magnitude. Here, we use an ensemble of convection‐permitting regional climate models (CPRCMs) to elucidate future heatwave changes at fine spatial scales. We explore whether the recently highlighted drier/warmer signal introduced by CPRCMs improves summer temperature extremes representation and if it modulates future heatwave changes compared to convection‐parameterizing regional climate models (RCMs). In historical runs, CPRCMs show a more realistic representation of summer maximum temperature especially on a ground‐station‐based evaluation. CPRCMs project substantially drier conditions than RCMs. This is associated with a modulation of heatwave temperature changes which show diversified spatial patterns, magnitudes, and signs. CPRCMs ensemble shows an overall reduction in heatwave metrics future changes inter‐model spread compared to the RCMs ensemble.
Modeling Toroidal Currents in the Ionospheric Electrojet Regions
Authors: Alken P. , Egbert G. D.
Published: January 2025

New basis functions, suitable for fitting magnetic field observations of the auroral and equatorial electrojets, are constructed by applying principal components analysis (PCA) to a set of rotated current loops in the ionospheric E‐layer. The current loops, which are defined with respect to quasi‐dipole coordinates, are placed in the electrojet regions (northern polar, equatorial, and southern polar) and are then rotated and tilted to capture both zonal and meridional flow directions, enabling a fully 2D representation of the toroidal flow in the E‐layer. We consider four possible covariance functions that define correlation between individual loops, and use PCA to derive a set of modes representing toroidal electrojet current flow. These modes can be fitted to magnetic field observations recorded in space and/or on ground in order to reconstruct an equivalent height‐integrated current system in the E‐layer which best describes the measurements. We present an application of this new technique, which we call LoopPCA, to model quasi‐steady ionospheric current systems, by fitting mean ionospheric magnetic fields recorded by the Swarm satellite mission over a 6 year time period.
A truncated variant of the ribosome-associated trigger factor specifically contributes to plant chloroplast ribosome biogenesis
Authors: Ries Fabian , Gorlt Jasmin , Kaiser Sabrina , Scherer Vanessa , Seydel Charlotte , Nguyen Sandra , Klingl Andreas , Legen Julia , Schmitz-Linneweber Christian , Plaggenborg Hinrik , Ng Jediael Z. Y. , Wiens Dennis , Hochberg Georg K. A. , Räschle Markus , Möhlmann Torsten , Scheuring David , Willmund Felix
Published: January 2025

Molecular chaperones are essential throughout a protein’s life and act already during protein synthesis. Bacteria and chloroplasts of plant cells share the ribosome-associated chaperone trigger factor (Tig1 in plastids), facilitating maturation of emerging nascent polypeptides. While typical trigger factor chaperones employ three domains for their task, the here described truncated form, Tig2, contains just the ribosome binding domain. Tig2 is widely present in green plants and appears to have acquired an entirely different task than co-translational nascent polypeptide folding. Tig2 deletion results in remarkable leaf developmental defects of cold-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana plants and specific defects in plastidic ribosomes. Our data indicate that Tig2 functions during ribosome biogenesis by promoting the maturation of the large subunit. We hypothesize that Tig2 binding to the ribosomal tunnel-exit surface aids protecting this sensitive surface during assembly. Tig2 illustrates a fascinating concept of how a chaperone domain evolved individually, serving a completely different molecular task.
Homologous recombination promotes non-immunogenic mitotic cell death upon DNA damage
Authors: Szmyd Radoslaw , Casolin Sienna , French Lucy , Manjón Anna G. , Walter Melanie , Cavalli Léa , Nelson Christopher B. , Page Scott G. , Dhawan Andrew , Hau Eric , Pickett Hilda A. , Gee Harriet E. , Cesare Anthony J.
Published: January 2025

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) can initiate mitotic catastrophe, a complex oncosuppressive phenomenon characterized by cell death during or after cell division. Here we unveil how cell cycle-regulated DSB repair guides disparate cell death outcomes through single-cell analysis of extended live imaging. Following DSB induction in S or G2, passage of unresolved homologous recombination intermediates into mitosis promotes non-immunogenic intrinsic apoptosis in the immediate attempt at cell division. Conversely, non-homologous end joining, microhomology-mediated end joining and single-strand annealing cooperate to enable damaged G1 cells to complete the first cell cycle with an aberrant cell division at the cost of delayed extrinsic lethality and interferon production. Targeting non-homologous end joining, microhomology-mediated end joining or single-strand annealing promotes mitotic death, while suppressing mitotic death enhances interferon production. Together the data indicate that a temporal repair hierarchy, coupled with cumulative DSB load, serves as a reliable predictor of mitotic catastrophe outcomes following genome damage. In this pathway, homologous recombination suppresses interferon production by promoting mitotic lethality.
Defining proteoform-specific interactions for drug targeting in a native cell signalling environment
Authors: Lutomski Corinne A. , Bennett Jack L. , El-Baba Tarick J. , Wu Di , Hinkle Joshua D. , Burnap Sean A. , Liko Idlir , Mullen Christopher , Syka John E. P. , Struwe Weston B. , Robinson Carol V.
Published: January 2025

Understanding the dynamics of membrane protein–ligand interactions within a native lipid bilayer is a major goal for drug discovery. Typically, cell-based assays are used, however, they are often blind to the effects of protein modifications. In this study, using the archetypal G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin, we found that the receptor and its effectors can be released directly from retina rod disc membranes using infrared irradiation in a mass spectrometer. Subsequent isolation and dissociation by infrared multiphoton dissociation enabled the sequencing of individual retina proteoforms. Specifically, we categorized distinct proteoforms of rhodopsin, localized labile palmitoylations, discovered a Gβγ proteoform that abolishes membrane association and defined lipid modifications on G proteins that influence their assembly. Given reports of undesirable side-effects involving vision, we characterized the off-target drug binding of two phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, vardenafil and sildenafil, to the retina rod phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6). The results demonstrate differential off-target reactivity with PDE6 and an interaction preference for lipidated proteoforms of G proteins. In summary, this study highlights the opportunities for probing proteoform–ligand interactions within natural membrane environments.
Morphology remodelling and membrane channel formation in synthetic cells via reconfigurable DNA nanorafts
Authors: Fan Sisi , Wang Shuo , Ding Longjiang , Speck Thomas , Yan Hao , Nussberger Stephan , Liu Na
Published: January 2025

The shape of biological matter is central to cell function at different length scales and determines how cellular components recognize, interact and respond to one another. However, their shapes are often transient and hard to reprogramme. Here we construct a synthetic cell model composed of signal-responsive DNA nanorafts, biogenic pores and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). We demonstrate that reshaping of DNA rafts at the nanoscale can be coupled to reshaping of GUVs at the microscale. The nanorafts collectively undergo reversible transitions between isotropic and short-range local order on the lipid membrane, programmably remodelling the GUV shape. Assisted by the biogenic pores, during GUV shape recovery the locally ordered DNA rafts perforate the membrane, forming sealable synthetic channels for large cargo transport. Our work outlines a versatile platform for interfacing reconfigurable DNA nanostructures with synthetic cells, expanding the potential of DNA nanotechnology in synthetic biology.
Loss of Kmt2c or Kmt2d primes urothelium for tumorigenesis and redistributes KMT2A–menin to bivalent promoters
Authors: Wang Naitao , Pachai Mohini R. , Li Dan , Lee Cindy J. , Warda Sarah , Khudoynazarova Makhzuna N. , Cho Woo Hyun , Xie Guojia , Shah Sagar R. , Yao Li , Qian Cheng , Wong Elissa W. P. , Yan Juan , Tomas Fanny V. , Hu Wenhuo , Kuo Fengshen , Gao Sizhi P. , Luo Jiaqian , Smith Alison E. , Han Ming , Gao Dong , Ge Kai , Yu Haiyuan , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Iyer Gopakumar V. , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Solit David B. , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat A. , Chi Ping , Chen Yu
Published: January 2025

Members of the KMT2C/D–KDM6A complex are recurrently mutated in urothelial carcinoma and in histologically normal urothelium. Here, using genetically engineered mouse models, we demonstrate that Kmt2c/d knockout in the urothelium led to impaired differentiation, augmented responses to growth and inflammatory stimuli and sensitization to oncogenic transformation by carcinogen and oncogenes. Mechanistically, KMT2D localized to active enhancers and CpG-poor promoters that preferentially regulate the urothelial lineage program and Kmt2c/d knockout led to diminished H3K4me1, H3K27ac and nascent RNA transcription at these sites, which leads to impaired differentiation. Kmt2c/d knockout further led to KMT2A–menin redistribution from KMT2D localized enhancers to CpG-high and bivalent promoters, resulting in derepression of signal-induced immediate early genes. Therapeutically, Kmt2c
/
d knockout upregulated epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and conferred vulnerability to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Together, our data posit that functional loss of Kmt2c/d licenses a molecular ‘field effect’ priming histologically normal urothelium for oncogenic transformation and presents therapeutic vulnerabilities.
Evaluation of osseointegration of plasma treated polyaryletherketone maxillofacial implants
Authors: Al Maruf D S Abdullah , Ren Jiongyu , Cheng Kai , Xin Hai , Lewin Will , Pickering Edmund , Kruse Hedi Verena , Leinkram David , Parthasarathi Krishnan , Wise Innes , Filippi Benjamin , Beirne Stephen , Froggatt Cate , Wykes James , Howes Dale , Suchowerska Natalka , Woodruff Maria A. , Crook Jeremy M. , McKenzie David R. , Clark Jonathan R.
Published: January 2025

Osseointegration is a crucial property of biomaterials used for bone defect repair. While titanium is the gold standard in craniofacial surgeries, various polymeric biomaterials are being explored as alternatives. However, polymeric materials can be bioinert, hindering integration with surrounding tissues. In this investigation, plasma ion immersion implantation (PIII)-treated polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polyether ketone (PEK) implants were assessed in a sheep maxilla and mandible model. Defects were filled with PIII-treated PEEK and PEK implants, produced through fused filament fabrication (FFF) and selective laser sintering (SLS), respectively. Positive controls were grade 23 titanium implants via selective laser melting, while untreated PEEK implants served as negative controls. Surface analyses using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed favorable properties. Osseointegration was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed at 8-, 10-, and 12-weeks post-implantation, showing significantly improved outcomes for both PIII-treated PEEK and PEK implants compared to untreated controls. The study suggests PIII treatment enhances FFF-printed PEEK’s osseointegration, and PIII-treated SLS-printed PEK achieves comparable osseointegration to 3D printed titanium. These findings underscore surface modification strategies’ potential for polymeric biomaterials, offering insights into developing alternative implant materials for craniofacial surgeries, with enhanced biocompatibility and osseointegration capabilities for improved clinical outcomes.
Therapeutic potential of brentuximab vedotin in breast cancer and lymphoma via targeted apoptosis and gene regulation
Authors: Ezzat Abeer , Shafiek Mohga , Shawki Shimaa , Abdel-Ghany Shaimaa , Nazih Mahmoud , Sabit Hussein
Published: January 2025

This study was designed to assess the effect of brentuximab vedotin on several breast cancer cell lines in terms of promoting apoptosis and managing cancer progression. Additionally, the study investigated the potential of repurposing this drug for new therapeutic reasons, beyond its original indications. The study evaluates the cytotoxic effects of Brentuximab vedotin across five cell lines: normal human skin fibroblasts (HSF), three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and T-47D), and histiocytic lymphoma (U-937). Brentuximab treatment was administered at four time points (0, 24, 48, and 72 h), with cell viability assessed at each interval. HSF cells, serving as controls, exhibited minimal viability loss (above 70%), indicating limited toxicity in normal fibroblasts. In contrast, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells demonstrated time-dependent reductions in viability, with a pronounced decline by 72 h, suggesting Brentuximab’s efficacy in both ER-positive and triple-negative breast cancer. T-47D cells also showed decreased viability, though at a slower rate. U-937 cells exhibited the most substantial reduction, highlighting Brentuximab’s potent activity against hematologic malignancies. Wound healing assays further revealed that Brentuximab significantly impaired the migration and healing capacity of cancer cells compared to untreated controls. Additionally, cell cycle analysis indicated G2/M phase arrest in cancer cells, particularly in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, while HSF cells remained largely unaffected. Apoptosis detection confirmed Brentuximab-induced cell death, with significant increases in late apoptosis in cancer lines, especially by 72 h. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes (BAX, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9) in cancer cells, alongside a decrease in anti-apoptotic BCL-2 expression. These findings suggest Brentuximab’s selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells and its potential as an effective therapeutic agent, particularly in breast cancer and histiocytic lymphoma.
The global, regional, and national patterns of change in the burden of bacterial pyoderma from 1990 to 2019 and the forecast for the next decade
Authors: Wang Hao , Bai Zihao , Shen Chong , Kou Jiaxi , Zhu Yanqing , Xie Huaxia , Chen Chen , Mo Ran
Published: January 2025

Pyoderma, commonly known as impetigo, is a bacterial skin infection causing pus formation, prevalent globally, especially in resource-poor areas. It affects both children and adults, including those with conditions like diabetes. Despite its significant impact and economic burden, research on its global epidemiology is limited. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing pyoderma trends from 1990 to 2019 using GBD data. The study aims to analyze global trends in pyoderma epidemiology from 1990 to 2019 using GBD data. Specifically, it investigates Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR), Mortality Rate (ASMR), and Disability-Adjusted Life Years Rate (ASDR) across 204 countries. Additionally, it provides insights into demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing pyoderma prevalence. Furthermore, it forecasts pyoderma’s development trends for the next decade to inform public health strategies. Data were sourced from the GBD 2019 database, comprising various sources such as censuses, surveys, and registries. Estimates for pyoderma incidence, mortality, and DALYs, along with their 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), were retrieved. The Sociodemographic Index (SDI) was used to assess socioeconomic status, and statistical calculations were performed using the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit and R software (v4.3.2). From 1990 to 2019, the Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) and Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR) of impetigo increased, while the Age-Standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Years Rate (ASDR) declined. Significant global geographical heterogeneity persists, closely associated with the Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Children under 5 and the elderly are particularly at risk, with lower SDI nations bearing higher burdens. Population growth and aging contribute to this rise, with disparities in impetigo trends persisting among countries and regions with varying SDI levels, expected to continue until 2030. Pyoderma exhibits significant heterogeneity across age, gender, and geography, with pronounced disparities evident in underdeveloped regions or countries. Therefore, prioritizing policy formulation and implementing tailored prevention and treatment strategies for high-risk populations are imperative to alleviate the disease burden effectively. Such targeted approaches are crucial in addressing the global impact of pyoderma.
Sinomenine attenuates uremia vascular calcification by miR-143-5p
Authors: Yu Fengyi , Peng Zhong , Gao Ning , Tang Zixu , Liao Zihao , Zhao Song , Zhong Shuzhu , Umwiza Gloria , Huang Hong , Long Wei , He Zhangxiu
Published: January 2025

Vascular calcification is considered to be a killer of the cardiovascular system, involved inflammation and immunity. There is no approved therapeutic strategy for the prevention of vascular calcification. Sinomenine exhibited anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sinomenine in vascular calcification and its potential molecular mechanism. Adenine-induced uremic rats were constructed and administrated with sinomenine. Optical clearing of aortas, alizarin red staining, von Kossa staining, calcification quantification, micro-CT analyses of vascular calcification were performed to analyze calcification in aortas. Administration of 40 mg/kg/d sinomenine effectively alleviated vascular calcification in uremic rats. The miRNA sequencing revealed differentially expressed miRNAs in aortas and bioinformatic analysis assisted with miRNA screening. We screened 9 differential expressed miRNAs and their predicted target genes. By qRT-PCR, we validated that the expression of rno-miR-143-5p was corresponding to our prediction. Sinomenine inhibited vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification, accompanied with miR-143-5p upregulation. MiR-143-5p mimic decreased VSMCs calcification in high phosphate condition. On the contrary, miR-143-5p inhibitor increased VSMCs calcification in high phosphate condition, which was inhibited by sinomenine. In chronic kidney disease patients with vascular calcification, the expression level of circulating miR-143-5p was lower than those without vascular calcification. Sinomenine significantly inhibited vascular calcification in VSMCs and uremic rat. MiR-143-5p was one of the collection of miRNAs modified by sinomenine in vascular calcification. Reduction of miR-143-5p in VSMCs was not only a concomitant phenomenon in pro-calcification condition but also contribute to VSMCs calcification. Circulating miR-143-5p was supposed to be a potential biomarker for vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease patients. In conclusion, sinomenine effectively alleviated vascular calcification, which was attributed to miR-143-5p regulation partly.
Confined and mined: anthropogenic river modification as a driver of flood risk change
Authors: Quick Laura , Williams R. D. , Boothroyd R. J. , Hoey T. B. , Tolentino P. L. M. , MacDonell C. , Guardian E. , Reyes J. , Sabillo C. , Perez J. , David C. P. C.
Published: January 2025

Rivers are often confined by structures and subjected to aggregate mining. In dynamic rivers, these interventions cause changes to riverbed and bank topography that potentially cause changes in hydraulics and flood risk. Repeat, system-scale, high-resolution topographic surveys of the gravel-bed Bislak River, the Philippines, are used to quantify annual morphological change and, using two-dimensional hydraulic modelling, to simulate changes to flood risk. Aggregate mining exports sediment and creates pitted topography, and embankments cause both deeper channels and disconnect the river from its floodplain. The consequently increased channel capacity reduces flood risk, with up to a 5% decrease in inundated areas for 10- to 100-year return periods. Sediment deprivation also increases bed shear stress that can induce scour, infrastructure damage and increased flood impacts. Rising global floodplain populations and increasing demand for aggregate ensure that sustainably managing geomorphologically dynamic rivers to support floodplain development and mitigate flood impacts remains a pertinent challenge.
Specialized pericyte subtypes in the pulmonary capillaries
Authors: Klouda Timothy , Kim Yunhye , Baek Seung-Han , Bhaumik Mantu , Li Yan , Liu Yu , Wu Joseph C , Raby Benjamin A , Perez Vinicio de Jesus , Yuan Ke
Published: January 2025

Pericytes are essential for capillary stability and homeostasis, with impaired pericyte function linked to diseases like pulmonary arterial hypertension. Investigating pericyte biology has been challenging due to the lack of specific markers, making it difficult to distinguish pericytes from other stromal cells. Using bioinformatic analysis and RNAscope, we identified Higd1b as a unique gene marker for pericytes and subsequently generated a knock-in mouse line, Higd1b-CreERT2, that accurately labels pericytes in the lung and heart. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed two distinct Higd1b+ pericyte subtypes: while Type 1 pericytes support capillary homeostasis, Type 2 pericytes accumulate in arterioles, and co-express smooth muscle markers and higher levels of vimentin under hypoxic conditions. Lastly, healthy human lung pericytes with upregulation of vimentin exhibited increased adhesion, migration, and higher expression levels of the smooth muscle marker SM22 in vitro. These findings highlight the specialization of pulmonary pericytes and their contribution to vascular remodeling during hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Breaking binary in cardiovascular disease risk prediction
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Fahed Akl C.
Published: January 2025

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death in the world. However, advances in genetics, omics research, machine learning (ML), and precision medicine have inspired revolutionary new tools in ASCVD risk stratification. Together, polygenic risk scores (PRS) and composite ML-based algorithms help shift the paradigm away from binary predictions towards more comprehensive continuum models. Continued efforts are needed to address socioeconomic and racial disparities in the PRS space.
Application of Artificial Intelligence In Drug-target Interactions Prediction: A Review
Authors: Liao Qian , Zhang Yu , Chu Ying , Ding Yi , Liu Zhen , Zhao Xianyi , Wang Yizheng , Wan Jie , Ding Yijie , Tiwari Prayag , Zou Quan , Han Ke
Published: January 2025

Predicting drug-target interactions (DTI) is a complex task. With the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) methods such as machine learning and deep learning, AI-based DTI prediction can significantly enhance speed, reduce costs, and screen potential drug design options before conducting actual experiments. However, the application of AI methods also faces several challenges that need to be addressed. This article reviews various AI-based approaches and suggests possible future directions.
Validated LC-MS/MS methodology for the quantification of CBD, trace level THCA and UK controlled cannabinoids (Δ9-THC, Δ8-THC, CBN and THCV) in food samples
Authors: Hambidge T. , Nash R. , Corless S. , Sanatcumar P. , Bowdery P. , Griffin J. , Sears P. , Hopley C. J.
Published: January 2025

Quantitative analysis of CBD containing food samples to assess compliance with label claims and controlled substances regulations.
A CNN-based self-supervised learning framework for small-sample near-infrared spectroscopy classification
Authors: Zhao Rongyue , Li Wangsen , Xu Jinchai , Chen Linjie , Wei Xuan , Kong Xiangzeng
Published: January 2025

A CNN-based self-supervised learning framework is proposed to enhance spectral analysis with small sample sizes by leveraging pseudo-labeled data for pre-training, achieving superior results compared to traditional methods.
A non-derivatized high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous quantification of hydroxyl acids and amino acids in ammonolysis reactions
Authors: Huang Ying , Guo Yan-qin , Xu Zhou , Ding Li , Cheng Yun-hui , Chen Mao-long
Published: January 2025

A non-derivatized high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of hydroxyl acids and their amination products in ammonolysis reaction mixtures.
Organic molecular design for high-power density sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Qi Ying , Zhao Huaping , Lei Yong
Published: January 2025

Fast-charge ability is essential for organic materials in high-power sodium storage. A highlight covers the challenges, strategies and future perspectives related to organic molecular design for high-power density sodium ion batteries.
Enhancement of photocatalytic CO2 reduction in BiOBr through chirality-induced electron spin polarization regulation
Authors: Pu Yong , Wang Tianyue , Lin Chang , Wang Dun , Liu Zhongxin , Tian Yue , Wang Jieqiong
Published: January 2025

We propose a strategy to boost charge separation efficiency through the chirality-induced spin-selective effect in helix-twisted BiOBr, which contributes to improved photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
The propensity of recrystallization solvents to form solvates
Authors: Kaźmierczak Michał , Patyk-Kaźmierczak Ewa
Published: January 2025

Using statistical analysis of Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) to investigate propensity of solvent towards solvate formation.
Ethanolamine-mediated microstructural transitions within terpenoid- and fatty acid-based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Anjali  , Pandey Siddharth
Published: January 2025

Evidence of microstructural transition within terpenoid- and fatty acid-based DESs upon addition of ethanolamine (MEA).
Air-stable double halide perovskite Cs2CuBiBr6: synthesis and memristor application
Authors: Betal Atanu , Chetia Anupam , Saikia Dibyajyoti , Karmakar Krishnendu , Bera Ganesh , Dambhare Neha V. , Rath Arup K. , Sahu Satyajit
Published: January 2025

The excellent optical and electronic properties of halide perovskite materials have attracted researchers to investigate this particular field.
Key role of persistent free radicals in soil for persulfate activation: impacts on benzo[a]pyrene degradation
Authors: Ou Yiwen , Li Xintong , Feng Shixu , Zhao Hongxia
Published: January 2025

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) activated persulfate to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in soil. The generation of ROS can degrade B[a]P to intermediates via oxidation, ringopening, and mineralization.
Influence of alkali metal ions on the defect induced photoluminescence properties of double tungstate compounds ACe(WO4)2 (A = Li, Na, K): experimental and ab initio theoretical study
Authors: Haldar Nibedita , Mondal Tanmoy
Published: January 2025

Defect-induced alkali-metal cerium double tungstate compounds, ACe(WO4)2 (where A = Li, Na, K), have been synthesized through a trisodium citrate-based hydrothermal process.
Ultimate water capillary evaporation in bamboo-inspired evaporator
Authors: Shi Kefan , Aizudin Marliyana , Pan Meilan , Ang Edison Huixiang
Published: January 2025

The chimney-assisted enclosed cavity structure significantly enhances water capillary evaporation and thermal localization, setting new performance records beyond those of traditional natural evaporators.
Special issue: molecular spectroscopy in the study of reaction mechanisms
Authors: Mezzetti Alberto , Schnee Josefine
Published: January 2025

Introduction to The 1st Thematic School “Vibrational and electronic spectroscopies applied to the study of reaction mechanisms – MECAREACT” (https://mecareact.sciencesconf.org/) 2023 themed collection.
Halonium and chalconium salt-catalyzed Schiff condensation: kinetics and DFT insights into organocatalyst activity parameters
Authors: Sysoeva Alexandra A. , Safinskaya Yana V. , Il'in Mikhail V. , Novikov Alexander S. , Bolotin Dmitrii S.
Published: January 2025

Chalconium and halonium salts catalyze Schiff condensation. Kinetic data and DFT calculations show that the catalytic activity correlates with maximum electrostatic potential on σ-holes, whereas other factors are less significant.
Design, synthesis, in vitro, and in silico studies of novel isatin-hybrid hydrazones as potential triple-negative breast cancer agents
Authors: Munir Iqra , Batool Zahra , Khan Faizullah , Hussain Javid , Khan Ajmal , Mali Suraj N. , Radhakrishnan Vishnu Vasanthi , Mathew Bijo , Almutairi Tahani Mazyad , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Akram Muhammad Safwan , Shafiq Zahid
Published: January 2025

Recent advances in cancer therapy have been made possible by monoclonal antibodies, domain antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, etc.
Crystal facet engineering of metal oxides for upgrading of biomass derived oxygenates: A perspective
Authors: Liu Zihao , Guo Yonghua , Ge Qingfeng , Zhu Xinli
Published: January 2025

The coordinatively unsaturated metal cations and oxygen anions on the surface of amphoteric metal oxides serve as acid and base centers, respectively, which can enable a number of acid/base catalyzed...
Discovery of fully synthetic FKBP12-mTOR molecular glues
Authors: Deutscher Robin C. E. , Meyners Christian , Repity Maximilian L. , Sugiarto Wisely Oki , Kolos Jürgen M. , Maciel Edvaldo V. S. , Heymann Tim , Geiger Thomas M. , Knapp Stefan , Lermyte Frederik , Hausch Felix
Published: January 2025

We discovered a fully synthetic non-degradative molecular glue for the ternary complex between FKBP12 and the FRB domain of mTOR by screening a library of FKBP12 ligands. Solving the ternary complex structure allowed significant potency enhancement.
Radical trifluoromethoxylation of fluorinated alkenes for accessing difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methyl groups
Authors: Kawai Koki , Usui Mai , Ikawa Sota , Hoshiya Naoyuki , Kishikawa Yosuke , Shibata Norio
Published: January 2025

In this study, we explore the potential of the difluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methyl group, CF2–O–CF3, an underexplored but promising structural analog of the trifluoromethoxy group (OCF3).
Activity and stability origin of core–shell catalysts: unignorable atomic diffusion behavior
Authors: Xue Yuanyuan , Chen Letian , Zhang Lijuan , Zheng Gengfeng , Zhang Xu , Zhou Zhen
Published: January 2025

The dynamic evolution of a core–shell catalyst (M@C) is revealed via computations and experiments, showing that metal atoms diffuse to form M–N–C sites, which are highly active and capable of regenerating for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions.
Activating hexagonal boron nitride monolayers for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction by strong interfacial interactions with 2D M2X electrides
Authors: Wang Siyao , Zhao Jingxiang
Published: January 2025

Anchoring h-BN monolayer on metal-based electride substrates can enhance its electrical conductivity and regulate its catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reactions.
Pinch-off dynamics of emulsion filaments before and after polymerization of the internal phase
Authors: Bazazi Parisa , Stone Howard A.
Published: January 2025

We study the capillary breakup dynamics of fluid filaments with polymerized and unpolymerized droplets, showing how emulsion composition and polymerization impact rheology and pinch-off for bio-ink optimization in 3D printing.
Lipophilic molecular rotor to assess the viscosity of oil core in nano-emulsion droplets
Authors: Elhassan Mohamed , Faivre Carla , Anton Halina , Conzatti Guillaume , Didier Pascal , Vandamme Thierry , Elamin Alteyeb S. , Collot Mayeul , Anton Nicolas
Published: January 2025

A rotor-based method to measure oil viscosity in nano-scaled lipid domains.
Direct cytosol delivery of mRNA by micron-sized co-assembly with designer oligopeptides
Authors: Feng Ruilu , Rafiei Mehrnoosh , Fernando Kalindu S. , Chau Ying
Published: January 2025

We report a simple method to adjust peptide/mRNA co-assemblies into micron-sized particles that can successfully deliver mRNA into the cytosol with ∼90% transfection of cells and doubled protein expression levels compared to LipoMMAX™.
Conjugation of PDLA onto MgO microspheres: comparison between solution grafting and melt grafting methods
Authors: Yu Wenhao , Zhou Dong , Liu Fangrui , Li Xu , Xiao Lan , Rafique Muhammad , Li Zhiyong , Rodrigues João , Sheng Ruilong , Li Yulin
Published: January 2025

MgO microspheres modified by solution and melt grafting methods were used to assess the effect of reaction temperature on the PDLA graft ratio, resulting in varied surface morphologies and controllable degradability when analyzed by kinetic modeling.
Flexible mechano-optical sensors from mechanoluminescence to mechanoplasmonics: designs, applications, and prospects
Authors: Tao Wei , Xue Yufeng , Hu Qinhua , Yin Ling , Liu Ye , Maurer Thomas , Fleischer Monika
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes the mechanisms, developments, and applications of flexible mechano-optical sensors using mechanoluminescence and mechanoplasmonics for robust sensing applications, while addressing challenges and prospects for their integration.
Cu-MOF/C3N5 as a laccase-like nanozyme for colorimetric detection of antioxidants in electronic cigarettes
Authors: Ruan Ya , Chen Zheng , Rong Xianfang , Pang Qianqian , Yang Dezhi , Yang Yaling , Chen Zhichao
Published: January 2025

The Cu-MOF anchored on graphitic carbon nitride (Cu-MOF/C3N5) framework for antioxidant sensing exhibits enhanced laccase-like activity due to increased hot carrier production and photothermal effects from NIR irradiation.
Retraction: Yiqi Fumai lyophilized injection attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats by inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Gu Yue , Ju Aichun , Jiang Bingjie , Zhang Jingze , Man Shuli , Liu Changxiao , Gao Wenyuan
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘Yiqi Fumai lyophilized injection attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats by inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis’ by Yue Gu et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 40894–40911, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA07163B.