bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mother’s Expressions of Love and the Existing Consequences in Malaikat Juga Tahu and Tidur
Authors: Wijaya Nadia Anggie
Published: October 2021

Short story is a type of popular literature in Indonesia. In short stories, love is one of the most well-known topics for the Indonesian audience. Amongst various types of love, a mother’s love is talked about the most. Thus, I decide to analyze how mothers express their love for their children in a compilation book titled Rectoverso. Also, I discover the consequences that the mothers experience due to their choices regarding love. By using the theory of love and the concept of motherly love from the book “The Art of Loving” by Erich Fromm, I find that the mothers have to face several choices that can give impacts toward their children and themselves. Every decision they make is caused by their love toward their children. Furthermore, the mothers prioritize their children instead of themselves. The impacts they experience may be positive or negative, depending on the situation. Keywords: short story, love, mothers, motherly love
New Wine in Old Bottles: Fully Substituted Arylthio Effect Realizes High‐Efficiency Purely Organic Phosphorescence Light‐Emitting Diode With Single and Ultra‐Stable Spectra Under 2000 cd m−2
Authors: Zhang Baijun , Li Baoxi , Zhang Han , Ma Bingzhu , Lou Jingli , Dong Xiaobin , Yang Dezhi , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Zhiming
Published: December 2024

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials often encounter issues of relatively low efficiency and spectral instability. To overcome these limitations, three (arylthio)benzene derivatives (4S, 5S, and 6S) with gradually increased RTP component are designed and compared. Theoretical calculation and photophysical investigation reveal that the fully substituted arylthio effect could enhance the aggregation‐induced phosphorescence, enlarge the spin orbital coupling, and reduce the energy gap between S1 and T1 as much as possible. As a result, 6S can exhibit single spectra in films with a high phosphorescence efficiency of up to 76.7%, and its doped RTP‐OLED furnishes a high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.3% and ultra‐stable spectra with the brightness raised from 30 to 2000 cd m−2. Furthermore, serving 6S as the sensitizer, the RTP‐sensitized‐fluorescent OLEDs based on fluorescence dopant TBRb and multiple resonance type dopant BN3 both show near three times improvement in electroluminescence performance, with EQE values of 11.3% and 25.6%, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of fully substituted arylthio effect in designing RTP materials and could advance the development of high‐performance RTP OLEDs.
Staged Screening Identifies People with Biomarkers Related to Neuronal Alpha‐Synuclein Disease
Authors: Brown Ethan G. , Chahine Lana M. , Siderowf Andrew , Gochanour Caroline , Kurth Ryan , Marshall Micah J. , Caspell‐Garcia Chelsea , Brumm Michael C. , Stanley Craig E. , Korell Monica , McMahon Bridget , Kuhl Maggie , Fabrizio Kimberly , Heathers Laura , Concha‐Marambio Luis , Soto Claudio , Chowdhury Sohini , Coffey Christopher S. , Foroud Tatiana M. , Simuni Tanya , Marek Kenneth , Tanner Caroline M. ,   The Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative
Published: December 2024

Objective

Remote identification of individuals with severe hyposmia may enable scalable recruitment of participants with underlying alpha‐synuclein aggregation. We evaluated the performance of a staged screening paradigm using remote smell testing to enrich for abnormal dopamine transporter single‐photon emission computed tomography imaging (DAT‐SPECT) and alpha‐synuclein aggregation.

Methods

The Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) recruited participants for the prodromal cohort who were 60‐years and older without a Parkinson's disease diagnosis. Participants were invited to complete a University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) independently through an online portal. Hyposmic participants were invited to complete DAT‐SPECT, which determined eligibility for enrollment in longitudinal assessments and further biomarker evaluation including cerebrospinal fluid alpha‐synuclein seed amplification assay (aSynSAA).

Results

As of January 29, 2024, 49,843 participants were sent an UPSIT and 31,293 (63%) completed it. Of UPSIT completers, 8,301 (27%) scored <15th percentile. Of 1,546 who completed DAT‐SPECT, 1,060 (69%) had DAT‐SPECT binding <100% expected for age and sex. Participants with an UPSIT <10th percentile (n = 1,221) had greater likelihood of low DAT‐SPECT binding compared to participants with an UPSIT in the 10th to 15th percentile (odds ratio, 3.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.85–4.91). Overall, 55% (198/363) of cases with UPSIT <15th percentile and DAT‐SPECT <100% had positive aSynSAA, which increased to 70% (182/260) when selecting for more severe hyposmia (UPSIT <10th percentile).

Interpretation

Remote screening for hyposmia and reduced DAT‐SPECT binding identifies participants with a high proportion positive aSynSAA. Longitudinal data will be essential to define progression patterns in these individuals to ultimately inform recruitment into disease modification clinical trials. ANN NEUROL 2024
Efficient and Visual Detention of Ammonia and TNP Vapors by a Sustainable Highly Luminescent 1D Zn(II) Coordination Polymer
Authors: Das Manik , Kumar Das Uttam , Aich Shobhon , Biswas Raju , Laha Soumik , Chandra Samanta Bidhan , Maity Tithi , Nandi Rajkumar , Maiti Dilip K.
Published: December 2024

To realize the aim of easy and accurate detection of ammonia and picric acid (PA) in both aqueous and vapor phases based on function‐oriented investigation principles, in the present study, we include a luminescent performance with recognition performance, taking into account the application conditions. Zn(II) ions with luminescence qualities and an amine‐substituted imidazole moiety with selective recognition properties towards picric acid and ammonia are coupled to generate a novel 1D luminous Zn(II) coordination polymer, Zn‐CP [{Zn(II)( 2‐ABZ)2(2‐BDC)}].MeOH]∞, where 2‐ABZ and 2‐BDC stand for terephthalic acid and protonated 2 aminobenzimidazole, respectively. Tests for luminescence recognition demonstrate that Zn‐CP has potent selectivity, and strong sensitivity to ammonia and PA in both media. In both detection processes, the limit of detection (LOD) values are determined to be 40 nm. Spectroscopic and DFT studies reveal that the detection of Trinitrophenol (TNP) primarily involves a synergistic mechanism of Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET), Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), and Charge Transfer (CT). In contrast, the detection of ammonia (NH3) vapor is predominantly driven by hydrogen bonding (H‐bonding) formation. The constructed 1D luminous Zn‐CP is a new material that guides the development of novel luminous sensors in the future.
Monolithic Newton‐Multigrid Finite Element Methods for the Simulation of Thixoviscoplastic Flows
Authors: Begum Naheed , Ouazzi Abderrahim , Turek Stefan
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we shall be concerned with the development, application, and numerical analysis of the monolithic Newton‐Multigrid finite element method (FEM) to simulate thixoviscoplastic (TVP) flows. We demonstrate the importance of robustness and efficiency of Newton‐Multigrid FEM solver for obtaining accurate solutions. To put our work in proper perspective w.r.t. the delicate challenge of obtaining accurate numerical solutions for TVP flow problems, we content our investigation to TVP quasi‐Newtonian modeling approach with an extensive analysis on lid‐driven cavity flows, and expose the impact of thixotropic scale in 4:1 contraction configuration application. fldauth.cls class file for setting papers for the International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids. Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

In this paper, we shall be concerned with the development, application, and numerical analysis of the monolithic Newton‐Multigrid finite element method (FEM) to simulate thixoviscoplastic (TVP) flows. We demonstrate the importance of robustness and efficiency of Newton‐Multigrid FEM solver for obtaining accurate solutions. To put our work in proper perspective w.r.t. the delicate challenge of obtaining accurate numerical solutions for TVP flow problems, we restrict our investigation to TVP quasi‐Newtonian modeling approach and lid‐driven cavity flows.
Formation Processes and Environments in the Hinojo‐Las Tunas Shallow Lake System, Argentina Pampas: The Laguna Chica Archaeological Locality as a Case Study
Authors: Scheifler Nahuel A. , Ozán Ivana L. , Tripaldi Alfonsina , González Mariela E. , Valero Florencia S. , Marini Narella , Politis Gustavo G. , Messineo Pablo G.
Published: December 2024

This work integrates taphonomic (archaeofaunistics and bioarchaeology) and geoarchaeological (geormorphology, pedologic, sedimentological and micromorphological analyses) information to discuss the depositional and postdepositional history of both surface and buried archaeological record related to past hunter–gatherer populations from the Central Pampean Dunefields of Argentina (South America). Radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating suggest three temporal clusters of occupations in the Laguna Chica locality: one during the middle Holocene (~8050–6535 years cal. B.P.) and two in the late Holocene (~3350–2870 and ~1640–1535 years cal. B.P.). Middle Holocene burials found at the present lake shore are hosted in aeolian sediments that accumulated under arid/semiarid conditions. Modern lacustrine dynamics derived from contraction/expansion cycles have exposed burials, archaeofauna, and stone tools, resulting in displacements, fragmentation and loss. A palimpsest of cultural and natural material spanning ~8000 years resulted from this paleoenvironmental setting. Late Holocene human activities might have been related to a transitional landscape, where aeolian processes took place under an expanding lacustrine scenario (i.e., relatively wetter conditions). Our stratigraphic assessment suggests that human occupations were syndepositional agents with episodes of aeolian sand activity and landscape stability. The taphonomic and geoarchaeological evidence from Laguna Chica locality show that the empirical evidence traditionally used to evaluate hunter–gatherer settlement patterns (e.g., abundance and diversity of archaeological evidence and their spatial association in surface or stratigraphic units) and human diet breadth changes (e.g., Ntaxa) may simply reflect the cumulative action of lacustrine erosion of dunes. While both the Laguna Chica surface and stratigraphic records have complex formation histories, the buried context could be interpreted with greater detail through taphonomic and sedimentological analyses.
Are E‐Cigarettes Substitutes or Complements to Combustible Cigarettes Among Youths? Evidence From Canada
Authors: Nguyen Hai V. , Mital Shweta
Published: December 2024

Existing evidence on whether e‐cigarettes are substitutes or complements to combustible cigarettes is limited and mixed. We revisit this question using nationally‐representative Canadian survey data over 14 years (2004–2017) and difference‐in‐differences methods that exploit the staggered adoption of e‐cigarette Minimum Legal Age (MLA) laws in Canadian provinces between 2015 and 2017. We study the laws' effects not only on youth smoking but also on smoking initiation and cessation to shed light on the mechanisms through which these laws affect youth smoking. We find that the relationship between e‐cigarette use and combustible cigarette use depends on smoking status of youths. While the MLA laws reduced smoking initiation among youth non‐smokers, they made existing youth smokers less likely to quit smoking. Our results highlight the tradeoffs between lower smoking initiation and lower smoking cessation associated with policies that aim to reduce youth e‐cigarette use.
Pathways to Hypertension Control: Unfinished Journeys of Low‐Income Individuals in Malaysia and the Philippines
Authors: Palafox Benjamin , Balabanova Dina , Loreche Arianna Maever , Mat‐Nasir Nafiza , Ariffin Farnaza , Md‐Yasin Mazapuspavina , Isa Mohamad‐Rodi , Abd‐Majid Fadhlina , Palileo‐Villanueva Lia M. , Renedo Alicia , Seguin Maureen L , Dans Antonio L , Mckee Martin
Published: December 2024

Background

Reducing inequities in hypertension control among those affected in low‐ and middle‐income countries requires person‐centred health system responses based on a contextualised understanding of the choices and care pathways taken by those who rely on the services provided, particularly those from poor and marginalised communities. We examine patterns of care seeking and pathways followed by individuals with hypertension from low‐income households in the Philippines and Malaysia. This study aims to fill a significant gap in the literature by analysing the stages at which individuals make decisions that may affect the successful control of their blood pressure.

Methods

This study presents cross‐sectional survey data collected as part of the Responsive and Equitable Health Systems‐Partnership on Non‐Communicable Diseases (RESPOND) project, a longitudinal observational study in low‐income communities. The study participants were 1191 randomly selected adults aged 35–70 years with a self‐reported history of hypertension or identified as hypertensive through blood pressure screening.

Results

While most low‐income individuals with hypertension in both countries were diagnosed and receiving medication, Malaysians demonstrated higher self‐reported medication adherence. Urban areas in the Philippines showed better hypertension management outcomes compared to rural areas. The study also provides insights into the care seeking pathways followed by low‐income adults diagnosed with hypertension. Nearly half of these individuals in Malaysia and a third in the Philippines were following pathways where they had never changed or stopped treatment without professional advice, and where they were using and adhering to their prescribed medication. Following such pathways was strongly associated with a greater likelihood blood pressure control in the Philippines, but less so in Malayisa.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the need for a contextualised understanding of care seeking choices and the importance of person‐centred solutions. They offer a typology of hypertension care seeking pathways and a foundation for similar research in other settings.
FGFR2‐RUNX2 activation: An unexplored therapeutic pathway in luminal breast cancer related to tumor progression
Authors: Rodriguez María S. , Mahmoud Yamil D. , Vanzulli Silvia , Giulianelli Sebastián , Spengler Eunice , Martínez Vazquez Paula , Burruchaga Javier , Bushweller John , Lamb Caroline A. , Lüthy Isabel A. , Lanari Claudia , Pérez Piñero Cecilia
Published: December 2024

Overcoming luminal breast cancer (BrCa) progression remains a critical challenge for improved overall patient survival. RUNX2 has emerged as a protein related to aggressiveness in triple‐negative BrCa, however its role in luminal tumors remains elusive. We have previously shown that active FGFR2 (FGFR2‐CA) contributes to increased tumor growth and that RUNX2 expression was high in hormone‐independent mouse mammary carcinomas. To elucidate the interaction between FGFR2 and RUNX2 in human BrCa, we investigated their roles in tumor progression and treatment responsiveness. Increased FGFR2 activity resulted in higher RUNX2 expression, cell proliferation, and metastasis. In contrast, silencing FGFR2 reduced these parameters. Overexpression of RUNX2 in FGFR2‐silenced cells rescued the inhibitory effects, promoting a more aggressive phenotype, even if compared with the wt RUNX2‐transfected cells, which also had increased aggressiveness compared with naïve‐transfected cells. RUNX2‐overexpressing tumors were insensitive to endocrine‐ or FGFR inhibitor treatments. Notably, the CBFβ‐RUNX complex inhibitor, AI‐14‐91, demonstrated great effectiveness in vitro. In a small cohort of luminal BrCa patients, nuclear RUNX2 expression was associated with tumor recurrence. Transcriptomic analysis strongly supported these data showing that patients with luminal carcinomas with high RUNX2 activity score have a worse progression‐free interval than those with low RUNX2 activity. Our findings suggest a complex interplay between FGFR2 and RUNX2 in regulating tumor aggressiveness. This study underscores the significance of RUNX2 in luminal BrCa progression and posits RUNX2 as a promising therapeutic target and as a potential prognostic biomarker in luminal BrCa patients.
Turfgrass quality, growth rates, and annual bluegrass contamination as affected by seasonal fertilizer distribution on red fescue putting greens
Authors: Chen Yajun , Pettersen Trond , Aamlid Trygve S.
Published: December 2024

Red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) is the preferred turfgrass species for low‐input golf course putting greens in Northern Europe. While it is well recognized that fescue requires less fertilizer than bentgrasses (Agrostis spp.) or annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), the optimal fertilizer distribution throughout the growing season has not been investigated. Our objective was to determine the effects of three seasonal fertilizer distributions on turfgrass quality, seasonal growth rates, root development, and competition from annual bluegrass on a sand‐based red fescue putting green at the NIBIO (Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research) Turfgrass Research Center, Landvik, Norway (58° N). All fertilizer treatments comprised weekly inputs of a complete, liquid fertilizer solution for a total of 11 g N m−2 year−1, but the inputs were distributed with (1) the highest weekly rates from early May to mid‐summer (SPRING+), (2) equal weekly rate from early May through late September (FLAT), or (3) the highest weekly rates from mid‐August to late September (FALL+). SPRING+ fertilization resulted in higher turfgrass quality, deeper roots, and, in the second experimental year, less annual bluegrass than FALL+ fertilization. The advantage of FALL+ fertilization was faster green‐up and enhanced growth in September, October, and April, but this came at the expense of more annual bluegrass. Results are discussed in light of previously published data on temperature and fertilizer requirements for the growth of red fescue versus annual bluegrass.
Repositioning the Posterior Septal Angle in Rhinoplasty: Methods and Outcomes
Authors: Hong Ellen M. , Vasudev Milind , Nguyen Cecilia , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Torabi Sina J. , Nguyen Theodore V. , Wong Brian J.F.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Repositioning and fixation of the posterior septal angle (PSA) relative to the anterior nasal spine (ANS) is a well‐known maneuver performed during rhinoplasty. Suture techniques through the periosteum along with transosseous drilling through the spine are the two most common fixation methods. We report on how nasal airway patency varies as a function of technique and patient demographic factors.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent PSA repositioning and stabilization during rhinoplasty due to caudal septal deformities. Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scales were measured pre‐ and post‐operation to evaluate functional outcomes.

Results

207 patients with either mobile or immobile PSA underwent ANS fixation secured with either a suture passed through the periosteum of the ANS or with the creation of a drill hole through the ANS. In all patients regardless of clinical or demographic groupings, postoperative NOSE scores were significantly decreased when compared to preoperative scores (p < 0.05). Preoperative NOSE score, fixation method, sex, functional versus cosmetic, age, follow‐up period, and graft site did not independently affect the postoperative NOSE score. Though the differences between primary and revision outcomes were statistically significant, patients in both groups reported significant improvements in postoperative NOSE scores that deescalated their symptoms from “severe” to “mild.”

Conclusion

Repositioning and fixation of the PSA improve patient outcomes. However, there is no significant difference between fixation methods on final NOSE scores. Septal fixation with consideration for patient anatomy allows for effective treatment.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Multifunctional Metalens for Trapping and Characterizing Single Atoms
Authors: Chen Guang‐Jie , Zhao Dong , Wang Zhu‐Bo , Li Ziqin , Zhang Ji‐Zhe , Chen Liang , Zhang Yan‐Lei , Xu Xin‐Biao , Liu Ai‐Ping , Dong Chun‐Hua , Guo Guang‐Can , Huang Kun , Zou Chang‐Ling
Published: December 2024

Precise control and manipulation of neutral atoms are essential for quantum technologies but largely dependent on conventional bulky optical setups. Here, a multifunctional metalens that integrates an achromatic lens with large numerical aperture is demonstrated, a quarter‐wave plate, and a polarizer for trapping and characterizing single Rubidium atoms. The metalens simultaneously focuses a trapping beam at 852 nm and collects single‐photon fluorescence at 780 nm. A strong dependence of the trapping lifetime is observed on an external bias magnetic field, suggests a complex interplay between the circularly polarized trapping light and the atom's internal states. This work showcases the potential of metasurfaces in realizing compact and integrated quantum systems based on cold atoms, opening up new possibilities for studying quantum control and manipulation at the nanoscale.
UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS With Chemometrics Approach Analysis of Nonvolatile Compounds for Medicinal Citrus reticulata With Cultivar and Areas Variations
Authors: Yang Fang‐Qing , Tan Xiang‐Mei , Chu Shan‐Shan , Yin Min‐Zhen , Zhang Zhen‐Yu , Peng Hua‐Sheng
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), also known as Chenpi in Chinese, is the dry mature peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco or its cultivated varieties. CRP as the health‐care food and dietary supplement has been widely used in various diseases. The quality of CRP can be affected by various factors, which are closely related to the metabolite composition of CRP.

Objectives

The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis on the chemical profiling of 51 C. reticulata samples of eight medicinal varieties, grown in different areas, and provide a methodological reference for the study of pharmacodynamic material bases and quality control of C. reticulata.

Methodology

Initially, a comprehensive characterization was performed using quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS), and a heatmap visualization was employed for clarifying the distribution of the annotated active ingredients. Furthermore, obtained chemical profiles data were employed in multivariate statistical methods, comprising principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least‐squares‐discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA).

Results

A total of 42 chemical components were annotated in positive ion mode. The relative contents were evident differences in the active ingredients of medicinal varieties of C. reticulata; mostly, polymethoxy flavones (PMFs) in C. reticulata “Dahongpao” were more abundant; among them, nobiletin and tangeretin are the main active ingredients in CRP. In addition, the relative contents of chemical constituents of C. reticulata “Dahongpao” and C. reticulata “Unshiu” from different areas were less variable. Compared with production origins, the varieties of C. reticulata had a greater impact on quality.

Conclusion

This work obtains a better understanding of the chemical profiles of medicinal varieties of C. reticulata, facilitated the reasonable applicability and quality control of medicinal varieties of C. reticulata.
Research Progress on Implantable Medical Textiles and Their Surface Functional Coatings
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Gao Yujie , Zhang Chong , Du Lei , Ma Xiaoman , Wu Jindan
Published: December 2024

With changes in people's lifestyles and the escalating pace of population aging, the incidence rate of chronic diseases has increased annually, posing significant challenges to both individual and societal health. Specifically engineered implantable medical textiles have exhibited structural superiority over other material types in repairing or replacing damaged tissues or organs within the body, along with the enhancement of their functions. They also play important roles in the treatment and management of chronic diseases. This review takes several representative implantable medical textiles, such as artificial blood vessels, artificial ligaments, and medical sutures, as examples to introduce the fundamental features of implantable medical textiles and the particularities inherent in their development. In addition, on the basis of the clinical requirements of anti‐infection, common strategies for the construction of antibacterial coatings are summarized. Ultimately, the development trend of implantable medical textiles is discussed. Through this review, we aim to provide certain insights for the conception and development of novel implantable medical textiles.
Disease Progression Mathematical Modeling With a Case Study on Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Boivin‐Champeaux Clémence , Velez de Mendizabal Nieves , Jones Aksana , Balsitis Scott , Schmidt Stephan , Feigelman Justin S. , Azeredo Francine Johansson
Published: December 2024

Chronic Hepatitis B presents a significant health and socioeconomic burden. The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma remains elevated although treatments are available. Achieving an optimal treatment regimen necessitates a deep comprehension of the dynamic relationship between the virus and its host across disease states. This tutorial elucidates essential considerations for establishing a disease modeling platform to facilitate informed decision‐making in hepatitis B treatment strategies. We review several published models of varying complexity and describe the context that motivated each model's structure and assumptions. Several of the models are made available in an interactive RShiny app to demonstrate the influence of model choice and sensitivity to the choice of parameter values.
Graphene on Single‐Crystal Diamond for Electronic Applications: A Brief Review
Authors: Aitkulova Aisuluu , Majdi Saman , Suntornwipat Nattakarn , Isberg Jan
Published: December 2024

Graphene on diamond has emerged as a promising platform for various electronic applications. This brief review article explores the recent advancements and the potential of graphene on diamond for electronic applications with a focus on single‐crystal (SC) chemically vapor‐deposited and high‐pressure and high‐temperature diamond. Device fabrication techniques, properties, and performance of single‐layer graphene on diamond in various electronic devices are discussed. This hybrid system's challenges and prospects are also analyzed. A particular emphasis is placed on the unique benefits of diamond as a substrate for graphene and its growth, including its high thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, high optical phonon energy, and the importance of achieving high‐quality single‐layer graphene on SC diamond.
A Bayesian Hybrid Design With Borrowing From Historical Study
Authors: Lu Zhaohua , Toso John , Ayele Girma , He Philip
Published: December 2024

In early phase drug development of combination therapy, the primary objective is to preliminarily assess whether there is additive activity from a novel agent when combined with an established monotherapy. Due to potential feasibility issues for conducting a large randomized study, uncontrolled single‐arm trials have been the mainstream approach in cancer clinical trials. However, such trials often present significant challenges in deciding whether to proceed to the next phase of development due to the lack of randomization in traditional two‐arm trials. A hybrid design, leveraging data from a completed historical clinical study of the monotherapy, offers a valuable option to enhance study efficiency and improve informed decision‐making. Compared to traditional single‐arm designs, the hybrid design may significantly enhance power by borrowing external information, enabling a more robust assessment of activity. The primary challenge of hybrid design lies in handling information borrowing. We introduce a Bayesian dynamic power prior (DPP) framework with three components of controlling amount of dynamic borrowing. The framework offers flexible study design options with explicit interpretation of borrowing, allowing customization according to specific needs. Furthermore, the posterior distribution in the proposed framework has a closed form, offering significant advantages in computational efficiency. The proposed framework's utility is demonstrated through simulations and a case study.
Molecular Evolution of the H5 and H7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin Cleavage Site Motif
Authors: Luczo Jasmina M. , Spackman Erica
Published: December 2024

Avian influenza viruses are ubiquitous in the Anatinae subfamily of aquatic birds and occasionally spill over to poultry. Infection with low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses generally leads to subclinical or mild clinical disease. In contrast, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses emerge from low pathogenic forms and can cause severe disease associated with extraordinarily high mortality rates. Here, we describe the natural history of avian influenza virus, with a focus on H5Nx and H7Nx subtypes, and the emergence of highly pathogenic forms; we review the biology of AIV; we examine cleavage of haemagglutinin by host cell enzymes with a particular emphasis on the biochemical properties of the proprotein convertases, and trypsin and trypsin‐like proteases; we describe mechanisms implicated in the functional evolution of the haemagglutinin cleavage site motif that leads to emergence of HPAIVs; and finally, we discuss the diversity of H5 and H7 haemagglutinin cleavage site sequence motifs. It is crucial to understand the molecular attributes that drive the emergence and evolution of HPAIVs with pandemic potential to inform risk assessments and mitigate the threat of HPAIVs to poultry and human populations.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Copper Stave in Blast Furnace Based on Slag Crust Characteristics
Authors: Ma Hengbao , Zhang Jianliang , Gao Tianlu , Xu Qiyan , Chen Chunlin
Published: December 2024

As a protective layer for the copper stave in the blast furnace, the characteristics of the slag crust have a non‐negligible influence on the heat transfer of the copper stave. Combined with the characteristics of slag crust thermal conductivity, flowing temperature, and thickness, the influence of slag crust on heat transfer from copper stave under different operating conditions is investigated, and the potential of slag crust thickness regulation to reduce carbon consumption in blast furnaces is assessed. It is found that the slag crust thicknesses calculated by the model are consistent with the range of thicknesses of the actual slag crust samples, validating the correctness of the model. To ensure the operational safety of the copper stave, in the actual production process of the blast furnace, the slag crust thickness should be controlled between 30 and 60 mm, and the corresponding thermocouple temperatures, water velocities, and heat flux intervals are calculated. In addition, when the slag crust thickness is increased from 10 to 30 mm, the 2650 m3 blast furnace can reduce the coke ratio by a maximum of about 14 kg t−1.
Introduction
Authors: Tummers Anna
Published: December 2024

This book examines the criteria that experts have used to determine whether a painting can be attributed to Frans Hals (1582/83–1666); tests if new technical analyses combined with observations with the naked eye and a close reading of primary sources can replace and/or expand these criteria; and explores how data visualisation tools can facilitate close comparisons and thus aid in the analysis.
Preliminaries
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T.
Published: December 2024

This chapter introduces common notation and terminology used in this book. We focus on conventions we use in this book that are nonstandard in the operations research literature or for which there is no uniformly accepted standard.
Information Structure
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T.
Published: December 2024

In Chap. 10, we showed how to overcome the curse of dimensionality for counters by imposing independence of the counter and label variables corresponding to different subsystems. This chapter lays the foundation for incorporating more flexibility with respect to the independence assumptions imposed between the counter and label variables. Specifically, we will use the global Markov property to define the conditional independence relationships between these variables, specified by a modeler via information structure graphs. The choice of information structure affects the resulting approximation as well as the computational requirements. The information structure perspective generalizes the subsystem setting of Chap. 10.
Graphical QPLEX Calculus with Distributional Programs
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T.
Published: December 2024

This chapter shows how to represent graphical QPLEX maps via a collection of efficient distributional programs.
Exactness Results
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T.
Published: December 2024

This chapter shows that, under various assumptions, the kernel iterates are equal to the lifted QPLEX iterates, i.e., QPLEX iterates after applying a multinomial lift map. We call such a result an exactness result, and we establish such results in three specific settings. In the first two settings, we consider QPLEX chains that encompass as special cases the multiserver queueing model from Chap. 2 in which (1) the service duration distribution is geometric and does not vary over time and (2) the number of servers is infinite. The third setting considers an arbitrary single activity QPLEX chain in which the size functions only take on values 0 or 1.
First Look at QPLEX
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T.
Published: December 2024

This chapter develops the QPLEX calculus for a classical multiserver queueing model in discrete time. We focus on this model for four reasons. First, this model has many practical applications in its own right, and it (and its variations) forms a building block for many practical stochastic network models that we will encounter in various forms throughout this book. Second, this model is simple enough to develop and justify the QPLEX calculus from first principles. In subsequent chapters, we will formally derive the calculus for a broad class of models defined by model primitives from which the calculus developed here will be seen as a special case. Third, the reader will see the use of distributional programming, described in general in Sect. 1.5, and the use of our streamlined notation to represent pmfs and conditional pmfs, described in Sect. 1.2, in a concrete context. Fourth, we have undertaken an extensive testbed of experiments to ascertain the quality of the QPLEX approximation for this model, which we summarize at the end of this chapter.
Introduction to QPLEX Modeling and Calculus
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T.
Published: December 2024

Chapter 2 used a simple yet highly practical model to introduce the main ideas behind the QPLEX calculus. In Part I, we develop an abstraction of this calculus and show that it applies to a wide variety of models. This chapter presents our terminology and definitions that form the foundation for the developments in this part.
Models with Advanced Transition Dynamics
Authors: Dieker Antonius B. , Hackman Steven T.
Published: December 2024

This chapter provides examples of practical models that can be represented as QPLEX chains with advanced transition dynamics via suitable choices of model primitives. None of these examples can be represented using simple transition dynamics model primitives. Each model is a variation of the multiserver queueing model presented in Chap. 2.
Evaluation of long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT for post-treatment dosimetry in Yttrium-90 radioembolization of liver tumors: a comparative study with conventional SPECT imaging
Authors: Zeimpekis Konstantinos G. , Sari Hasan , Gözlügöl Nasir , Achangwa Ngwe Rawlings , Shi Kuangyu , Schindewolf Marc , Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Rominger Axel , Seifert Robert
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanners enable high sensitivity and wide anatomical coverage. Therefore, they seem ideal to perform post-selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) 90Y scans, which are needed, to confirm that the dose is delivered to the tumors and that healthy organs are spared. However, it is unclear to what extent the use of LAFOV PET is feasible and which dosimetry approaches results in accurate measurements.

Methods

In this retrospective analysis, a total number of 32 patients was included (median age 71, IQR 14), which had hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, or liver metastases. All patients underwent SIRT, and the post-therapy scan was acquired on a single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and a LAFOV Biograph Quadra PET/CT with a 20-minute acquisition time. Post-treatment dosimetry, regarding the tumor, whole-liver and lung (LMD) absorbed dose was done using an organ-wise (Simplicit90Y) and a voxel-wise approach (HERMIA Dosimetry) which used a semi-Monte Carlo algorithm. The lung shunt fraction (LSF) was also measured using the voxel-wise approach and compared to the planned.

Results

The planning, post-treatment SPECT and PET (SPECTpre, SPECTpost, PETpost) median tumor doses based on the organ-wise dosimetry were 276.0 Gy (200.0–330.0 Gy), 232.0 Gy (158.5–303.5 Gy) and 267.5 Gy (182.5–370.8 Gy). In contrast, the median voxel-wise PETpost dose was significantly smaller than the planned SPECTpre (152.5 Gy (94.8–223.8 Gy); p < 0.00001). Moreover, the median tumor absorbed dose at 90% (D90) of the tumor volume was significantly higher in SPECTpost compared with PETpost (123.5 Gy; 81.5–180.0 vs. 30.5 Gy; 11.3-106.3; p < 0.00001). The PETpost measured LSF was significantly lower compared to the planned SPECTpre (0.89%; 0.4–1.3% vs. 2.3%; 1.5–3.6%; p < 0.0001). Similarly, the measured PETpost median LMD was considerably lower to the planned SPECTpre (1.2 Gy; 0.6–2.3 vs. 2.5 Gy; 1.4–4.7; p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

LAFOV PET enabled the direct measurement of post therapy lung dose and tumor doses that correlated well with the planned treatment doses. However, current voxel-wise-based tumor dosimetry seems to be inaccurate for LAFOV PET. In addition, dose volume histogram-based metrics also significantly underestimate the delivered dose. Therefore, improved dosimetry tools are needed for reliable voxel-wise 90Y dosimetry to leverage the sensitivity and spatial resolution of LAFOV PET scanners.
Improving Model Chain Approaches for Probabilistic Solar Energy Forecasting through Post-processing and Machine Learning
Authors: Horat Nina , Klerings Sina , Lerch Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models play a central role in solar energy forecasting, where a cascade of physics-based models is used in a model chain approach to convert forecasts of solar irradiance to solar power production. Ensemble simulations from such weather models aim to quantify uncertainty in the future development of the weather, and can be used to propagate this uncertainty through the model chain to generate probabilistic solar energy predictions. However, ensemble prediction systems are known to exhibit systematic errors, and thus require post-processing to obtain accurate and reliable probabilistic forecasts. The overarching aim of our study is to systematically evaluate different strategies to apply post-processing in model chain approaches with a specific focus on solar energy: not applying any post-processing at all; post-processing only the irradiance predictions before the conversion; post-processing only the solar power predictions obtained from the model chain; or applying post-processing in both steps. In a case study based on a benchmark dataset for the Jacumba solar plant in the U.S., we develop statistical and machine learning methods for post-processing ensemble predictions of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and solar power generation. Further, we propose a neural-network-based model for direct solar power forecasting that bypasses the model chain. Our results indicate that postprocessing substantially improves the solar power generation forecasts, in particular when post-processing is applied to the power predictions. The machine learning methods for post-processing slightly outperform the statistical methods, and the direct forecasting approach performs comparably to the post-processing strategies.
DSTSPYN: a dynamic spatial-temporal similarity pyramid network for traffic flow prediction
Authors: Wang Xing , Chen Feifei , Jin Biao , Lin Mingwei , Zou Fumin , Zeng Ruihao
Published: December 2024

Traffic flow prediction plays a crucial role in intelligent transportation systems as it enables effective control and management of urban traffic. However, existing methods that based on Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) primarily utilize local neighborhood information for message passing, resulting in limited perception of global structures. Additionally, it is also a challenge to extract spatial-temporal similarity features due to the constraints of graph structures. To address these issues, we propose a novel traffic flow prediction model based on Dynamic Spatial-Temporal Similarity Pyramid Network (DSTSPYN). Our model employs a spatial-temporal pyramid architecture, which dynamically adjusts the weights of central, edge, and global spatial-temporal features using an enhanced attention mechanism. Furthermore, it captures dynamic temporal dependencies at different scales through pyramid gated convolution. Meanwhile, the spatial similarity features of different time steps can be extracted through the spatial-temporal global similarity (STGS) module. We evaluate our model on four public transportation datasets and demonstrate that the DSTSPYN model outperforms several baseline methods in terms of prediction accuracy. It effectively captures the dynamic spatial-temporal correlations of the road network and edge node features, making it well-suited for long-term traffic flow prediction.
Perceived Riskiness and Problem Gambling Across Different Forms of Gambling: A Focus on 'Soft' Gambling
Authors: Fiedor David , Charvát Miroslav , Kovařík Filip , Frajer Jindřich , Aigelová Eva , Šerý Miloslav
Published: December 2024

Gambling encompasses a wide variety of activities, and the structural characteristics of each form contribute to its potential risk. However, the literature does not fully agree on the risk levels of certain gambling forms. In this study, we classify less risky gambling forms (soft forms) based on public perceptions of their riskiness. We examine the link between gambling experience and problem gambling prevalence. A survey was conducted in a model region of the Czech Republic, a post-socialist country with high gambling availability, with N = 2,498 respondents. A typology of gambling forms (lotteries, betting, and casino games) was created based on perceived risk similarities. Lotteries are the most frequently played gambling form, with 86.3% reporting lifetime participation. Among those who exclusively engage in lottery-type forms, 15 percentage points more women than men participated in the last year, and the gap widens to 31 points over a lifetime. Forms of gambling perceived as more risky show a lower proportion of non-problem gamblers, both for recent and lifetime participation. Furthermore, individuals who gambled within the past month or year are at higher risk of developing gambling problems compared to those whose gambling experiences were less recent.
Modelling of a high-speed railway pantograph with non-linear head-suspension mechanism and parameter optimisation
Authors: Gil J. , Tur M. , Gregori S. , Pedrosa A. M. , Fuenmayor F. J.
Published: December 2024

Accurate pantograph models are crucial to obtain reliable simulations of the pantograph-catenary dynamic interaction. Non-linearities can make it a challenge to find a model design that fits the dynamic behaviour of the real pantograph. In this work, we propose a novel pantograph model including a particular non-linear mechanism, whose dynamic behaviour significantly affects the pantograph response. This mechanism is composed of two rigid bars and an oblique pre-stressed spring with dry friction and exhibits a complex non-linear behaviour. The objective is to design a model capable of reproducing the behaviour of the real pantograph, which is represented by the dataset of dynamic measurements in the pantograph tests. From a proper parametric representation of the model, the optimisation of the parameters by a genetic algorithm has achieved a good agreement with the experimental data. The resulting optimised model behaves similarly to the real pantograph for a wide range of excitations that vary in type, amplitude and position. Since the higher number of simulations performed in the optimisation makes it necessary to use an efficient simulation tool, we propose an efficient strategy to integrate systems with Coulomb’s friction.
Silicon Nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) Boost Drought Tolerance in Grapevines by Enhancing Some Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Traits
Authors: Daler Selda , Kaya Ozkan , Canturk Sevil , Korkmaz Nesrin , Kılıç Tuğba , Karadağ Ahmet , Hatterman‑Valenti Harlene
Published: December 2024

Drought is a significant abiotic stress that adversely affects plant growth, development, and metabolic processes, posing a global threat to food security. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate environmental challenges and has been tested on various plant species; however, its application to grapevines remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the potential of silicon nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) to modulate morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters in grapevine saplings (5 BB/Crimson Seedless, 41 B/Crimson Seedless, and 1103 P/Crimson Seedless) under drought stress conditions. Saplings were treated with foliar applications of different concentrations of SiO2 NP solutions (0 (control), 1, 10, and 100 ppm) under well-irrigated (90–100% field capacity) and drought stress (40–50% field capacity) conditions. The results indicated that the application of SiO2 NPs at 10 ppm concentration enhanced growth parameters (such as leaf area, leaf number, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight) and chlorophyll content under both well-irrigated and drought conditions. Additionally, there was an improvement in leaf relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance, correlating with increased protein content. Under drought conditions, oxidative stress indicators, including drought index, leaf temperature, membrane injury index, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, showed a significant decrease. Concurrently, proline content, total phenolic compounds, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX), which increased under drought stress, were reduced in the presence of 10 ppm SiO2 NPs, suggesting a mitigation of oxidative stress. To comprehensively evaluate the effects of SiO2 NP concentrations, irrigation regimes, and rootstock/variety combinations, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering heatmap analysis were performed. Collectively, the findings suggest that the observed drought-induced oxidative stress tolerance in grapevine saplings in the presence of 10 ppm SiO2 NPs may result from the influence of antioxidant systems leading to a balanced redox potential. These results support the argument that SiO2 NPs play a crucial role in enhancing drought tolerance, with implications for managing drought stress in other agricultural crops as well.