bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability Evidence of the Munro Scale for Perioperative Patients Part II: Construct Validity
Authors: Munro Cassendra A. , Jiang Ying Hong
Published: June 2023

Background and Purpose:The Munro Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale for Perioperative Patients (Munro Scale) is the first three-phase risk instrument designed specifically for perioperative patients. The purpose of this study was to establish validity and reliability evidence for the Munro Scale. This study also had a goal to reduce the data into more manageable constructs with fewer items.Methods:Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the hypothesized model for risk assessment using the Munro Scale to identify latent variables. A retrospective review of charts from 630 risk assessments was analyzed from two community acute care hospital settings.Results:The model explained 95% of the variance in the cumulative final risk level, R2= .95,F(20, 588) = 501.88,p< .001. Six latent variables emerged in the model with a cumulative contribution rate of 56% of the variance. Similar results were obtained in studies with Chinese and Turkish translations of the Munro Scale.Conclusions:The validity and reliability evidence obtained in this study supports the implementation of the Munro Scale for clinical practice in the perioperative setting.
Interpersonal Protective Factors for LGBTQ+ Youth at Multiple Intersecting Social Identities and Positions
Authors: Eisenberg Marla E. , Gower Amy L. , Río-González Ana María del , Rider G. Nic , Bowleg Lisa , Russell Stephen T.
Published: June 2023

Interpersonal supports are protective against multiple negative health outcomes for youth, such as emotional distress and substance use. However, finding interpersonal support may be difficult for youth exposed to intersecting racism, heterosexism, and cisgenderism, who may feel they are “outsiders within” their multiple communities. This study explores disparities in interpersonal supports for youth at different sociodemographic intersections. The 2019 Minnesota Student Survey includes data from 80,456 high school students, including measures of four interpersonal supports: feeling cared about by parents, other adult relatives, friends, and community adults. Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to examine all interactions among four social identities/positions (racialized/ethnic identity, sexual identity, gender identity, and sex assigned at birth) to identify groups who report different rates of caring from each source (Bonferroni adjustedp< .05). In the overall sample, 69.24% perceived the highest level of caring (“very much”) from parents, 50.09% from other adult relatives, 39.94% from friends, and 15.03% from community adults. Models identified considerable differences in each source of support. For example, more than 72% of straight, cisgender youth reported that their parents cared about them very much, but youth who identified as LGBQ and transgender/gender diverse or gender-questioning were much less likely to report high parent caring (less than 36%) across multiple racialized/ethnic identities and regardless of sex assigned at birth. Findings highlight the importance of better understanding the ways interpersonal support might differ across groups and underscore a need for intersectionality-tailored interventions to develop protective interpersonal supports for LGBTQ+ youth, rather than one-size-fits-all approaches.
Female-to-Male Sexual Assault: The Role of the Perpetrator’s Attractiveness and Attributed Emotional States on Victim Blame
Authors: Caricati Luca , Baldini Sara , Bonetti Chiara
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the effect of the victim’s gender and the perpetrator’s attractiveness on the observer’s blame on the male and female victims of coercive sexual contact. Two hundred and ninety-six participants (184 females) were enrolled in an experiment in which the victim’s gender and the offender’s attractiveness were manipulated using vignettes depicting cross-gender sexual assault. Participants rated emotions that the victims experienced in being assaulted and attributed victim blame. The results indicate that the male victim was blamed more than the female victim, especially when the female perpetrator was described as attractive. The female victim was perceived as having experienced more negative emotions and fewer positive emotions than the male victim. The effect of the victim’s gender on victim blaming was mediated by both positive and negative emotions.
Descripción anatómica comparativa de los segmentos óseos de la columna vertebral del bovino y el equino
Authors: Saldivia Paredes Manuel Alexis
Published: June 2023

El presente estudio consiste en una descripción anatómica comparativa de los segmentos vertebrales de la especie equina (Equus caballus) y el bovino (Bos taurus.). La columna vertebral corresponde a uno de los ejes principales de soporte, equilibrio y distribución de fuerza del cuerpo de todo ser vivo. Se caracteriza por estar constituida por una serie de huesos denominados vértebras, los cuales están diferenciados por segmentos: cervical, torácico, lumbar, sacro y coccígeo. A pesar de la literatura existente con respecto al estudio anatómico comparativo, no es fácil disponer de un texto que permita entender de manera paralela las diferenciaciones de las estructuras o sistemas en estudio entre especies. Como resultados del presente estudio, se logró identificar las principales diferencias anatómicas ya presentes en la literatura clásica de anatomía veterinaria. Sin embargo, también observo una serie de estructuras no descritas de manera comparativa en los diversos textos de la especialidad. De esa manera, busco contribuir a la creación de un artículo que potencie la anatomía comparativa y que colabore en la formación de profesionales del área veterinaria o morfológica.
Perceptions of Educación Básica Primaria and Básica Secundaria Teachers as Social Mediators in Pandemic Times in Colombia
Authors: Aguillón Lombana Angélica , López Hernández Liliana Rocío
Published: June 2023

This research article provides information on a testimonial analysis carried out with fifteen language teachers of educación básica y Media from different areas of Colombia. The objective was to determine their perceptions in relation to the role they play as social mediators in times of pandemic. The testimonies used for the study were collected and systematized through the project “Memorias de una pandemia”. The results of the study showed that language teachers recognize themselves as essential social actors in overcoming the contingencies generated by the pandemic. This, because of they consider themselves as critical agents, able to adapt pedagogical scenarios and providing a humanized and humanizing education that can provide fortification during crisis times.
Autoeficacia y engagement desde la perspectiva de género
Authors: Ospina-Cano Sarah , Quiroz-González Eliana , Villavicencio-Ayub Erika , Arias Rodríguez Gina Marcela
Published: June 2023

Self-efficacy and engagement are linked to mental health, both can be differentiated by gender. The objective of this study is to analyze the role of gender in self-efficacy and engagement in Colombian workers in the telecommunications sector. Ex post facto prospective study with the participation of 298 workers (W=124 - M=174). The professional self-efficacy questionnaire (AU-10) and the Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) were used. Correlation, multiple linear regression, variance, T-Student, and Tukey analyzes were performed. Results: there is a correlation between self-efficacy and the dimensions of engagement (vigor-r=.49, dedication-r=.44 and absorption-r= .43). Gender is a variable that affects self-efficacy (β=.118, t=2.02, P<.044). In turn, there are significant differences in self-efficacy based on gender (p=0.01), with men presenting a higher score. Elements are provided for the interpretation of this higher score in men, based on the considerations promoted by Western societies, in which gender roles and attributes assigned to the feminine and masculine are different. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Determinantes del impacto financiero de la pandemia sobre las mipymes de Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez Navas Elsa Beatriz , Sarmiento Suarez Jaime Enrique , Ramírez Montañez Julio Cesar
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this article was to analyze the determinants of the financial impact of the pandemic on Colombian MSMEs, through an analysis of financial indicators of billing, profitability and liquidity of 1,498 Colombian MSMEs from different regions and economic sectors. For this, the structural equations methodology was used, based on information from the Ibero-American Observatory of MSMEs 2020-2021. The study presents evidence in favor of factors such as the change in commercial conditions of clients, organizational innovation and the competitive position of companies explain the financial impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on MSMEs in Colombia that managed to survive this situation, not being relevant the affectation of the commercial conditions of the suppliers and of financing, and the innovation in products and processes.
Propiedad intelectual en las Instituciones de Educación Superior y patentes para el agro en Colombia
Authors: Álvarez Ochoa Claudia Patricia , Bernal Bechara Laila
Published: June 2023

La investigación en las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) es una de sus funciones sustantivas que soporta la generación de nuevo conocimiento. Con el fin de establecer el estado de la producción intelectual en la IES colombianas se realizó una investigación documental de carácter exploratorio con un enfoque cualitativo, tomando la información de los rankings de Sapiens 2021 y del Sistema de Propiedad Industrial de la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio (SIC). Según la producción investigativa, se encuentra que para 2021 las primeras cinco posiciones las ocupan la Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Bogotá, la Universidad de Antioquia-Medellín, la Universidad del Valle-Cali, la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana-Bogotá y la Universidad de los Andes-Bogotá. Se observa un crecimiento de los indicadores para productos tecnológicos (nuevas creaciones) en el período 2017-2021, aunque en 2021 la producción de los grupos de investigación se asocia con el indicador de regulaciones, normas y reglamentos técnicos, seguido por los productos de consultoría, y en tercer lugar con las nuevas creaciones. Las 15 IES con mejores resultados en desarrollo tecnológico en 2021, entre 1991 y 2021, registraron en las SIC 472 nuevas creaciones de las cuales han sido concedidas 267 patentes, 62 de ellas relacionadas con el agro. El mayor número de registros corresponde a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Bogotá y las IES con más número de patentes son la Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Bogotá, Universidad EAFIT-Medellín y la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana-Medellín. Se evidencia el crecimiento en la producción tecnológica en las IES colombianas y la protección de las nuevas creaciones mediante patentes para nuevos procesos/técnicas (50 %), equipos (23 %), y productos (27 %).
Comparación de la frecuencia de parásitos gastrointestinales entre caballos de tracción y caballos estabulados
Authors: Hoyos Torres Jhonatan , Lara Garzón Karla Ximena , Obando Gloria Cecilia , Gallego Rodríguez Renso Sneider
Published: June 2023

En Colombia son limitados los reportes sobre frecuencias o prevalencias de parasitismo gastrointestinal en equinos, principalmente de aquellos destinados a tracción. Los reportes establecidos previamente por diversos autores describen que la identificación de parásitos Strongylus sp, Strongyloides sp y protozoarios es común a nivel gastrointestinal en equinos, siendo estos de importancia clínica por su potencial patológico. Por lo tanto, en este estudio se analiza la infección de parásitos intestinales de 65 caballos criollos colombianos de ambos sexos y de 1 a 15 años de edad, procedentes de pesebreras (n=51) y otros destinados a tracción (n=14). La metodología para la toma de la muestra se estableció tomando directamente de la ampolla rectal una cantidad de 5 gramos, los cuales se almacenaron mediante refrigeración y se enviaron al laboratorio. Se registró una frecuencia general de del 89.23% (58/65). Con respecto a los caballos destinados a tracción, todos resultaron positivos para algún tipo de parásito (100 %) mientras que para aquellos procedentes de pesebreras se estableció una prevalencia de 86,2 %. Siendo los parásitos más frecuentes Strongylus, Strongyloides y protozoarios y prevalencia específica para los estabulados y los de tracción. El estudio demostró que los protozoarios son los agentes parasitantes más comunes en ambas poblaciones.
Poliradiculoneuropatía canina por Toxoplasma ssp: Reporte de caso
Authors: Pérez Berrio Diana Marcela , Martínez Martínez Mastoby Miguel , Ordoñez Palacios Andrés Renato , Gallego Rodríguez Jorge Enrique
Published: June 2023

Ingresó a consulta una hembra canina mestiza de seis meses de edad no esterilizada y sin vacunas proveniente de zona rural de Apartadó-Antioquia por dificultad para caminar con tiempo de evolución de dos meses y empeoramiento de los signos. Durante la evaluación clínica, presentó incapacidad para incorporarse, condición corporal 2/5 con evidencia de atrofia muscular, ceguera bilateral y nistagmus. En la evaluación neurológica presentó tetraparesia espástica, sensibilidad superficial aumentada para miembros anteriores y posteriores con respuesta cruzada extensora para los últimos. Para confirmación causal se realizó toma de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) por punción en el espacio atlanto-occipital para análisis por prueba de reacción en cadena de polimerasa en tiempo real (qPCR) mediante amplificación del ADNr 18S con resultado positivo para Toxoplasma spp Los objetivos del relato de caso son describir la metodología utilizada para llegar al diagnóstico causal de una patología poco tenida en cuenta dentro del diferencial de afección nerviosa central en caninos, como también, con el diagnóstico; hacer un llamado para estudios prospectivos de vigilancia epidemiológica de una patología de carácter zoonótica.
Asociación entre parámetros de condición corporal, ultrasonografía y biometría corporal y testicular en reproductores equinos del municipio de Facatativá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
Authors: Martin Diaz Gerard Nicolay , Pérez Osorio Jair , González Rodríguez Aldemar , Velásquez Mosquera Juan Carlos , Navas Panadero Alexander , Mendoza- Sánchez Geovanny , Cavanzo Farfán Paula Natalia
Published: June 2023

The study was carried out to determine the association between morphometric measurements, body fat measured by ultrasound and testicular biometry in horses belonging to the Caballar Mancillas Breeding Facility of the National Police, located in the municipality of Facatativá, Cundinamarca. Morphometrics were performed on 12 adult stallions of 6 breeds, between 5 and 14 years old, which were in the training process and in a reproductive program, and show physical, mental and reproductive well-being. The measurements analyzed were height at the withers (AL), chest circumference (PTm), body length (LCm), neck circumference (CCmU), neck circumference to height at the withers ratio (PCCA), chest circumference to height at the withers ratio (PPTmA), real weight (PBR), skinfold thickness (SFTPCmm), body condition score (CC), fat thickness at the hip (EGC), fat thickness at the base of the tail (EGCO), body mass index (BMIIMC), body fat percentage (PGC), anogenital distance (DAG), scrotal width (AE), and total testicular volume (VTT), estimated daily sperm production (DSO) . To estimate fatness, the body mass index (based on morphometric measurements) and the percentage of body fat (based on ultrasound fat measurements) were calculated. Descriptive statistics and principal component Pearson correlations analysis were performed. The means found for AC, PT, LC, PR, EPC, CC, CCU, EGC, EGCO, IMC, VT, DSO and DAG, AL, PTm, LCm, PCmm, CC, CCm, PB, EG, EC, AE, LTI, ATI, HTI, LTD, ATD, HTD were, respectively, 1.64 ± 5.02 m, 1.93 ± 7.16 m, 1,70 ± 6.93 m, 562 ± 60.29 kg, 8.76 ± 1.06 mm, 5.92 ± 1.08, 1.21 ± 12.80 m, 2.12 ± 0.92 mm, 2.49 ± 0, 48 mm, 206.58 ± 14.53 kg/m2, 538.78 ± 104.39 cm3, 12.80 ± 2.50 x 109, and 48.00 ± 3.64 cm 1,67 ± 0,05 m, 1,95 ± 0,08 m, 1,71 ± 0,06 m, 1,23 ± 0,12 m, 8,83 ± 1,19 mm, 6,92 ± 0,67, 1,23 ± 0,12 m, 562,7 ± 60,3 kg, 2,35 ± 0,66 mm, 2,54 ± 0,72 mm, 12,03 ± 0,87 cm, 10,84 ± 0,64 cm, 6,97 ± 0,56 cm, 8,36 ± 0,76 cm, 10,38 ± 0,87 cm, 6,53 ± 0,43 cm, and 8,88 ± 1,09 cm. High and positive correlations were presented between race and morphometric parameters such as body length, weight with scale, thoracic perimeter and body condition chest circumference and neck circumference. The results of this study allow us to establish that the ultrasonographic measurements of fat thickness at the hip (EGC), and fat thickness at the base of the tail (EGCO), are is an important predictors of the level of fatness in the horse, and can be used in studies of morphometry and clinical evaluation of healthy horses to establish their ideal body condition score, however, it must be deepened since the race plays a determining role.
Parámetros clínicos como indicadores de pronóstico de supervivencia en potros neonatos hospitalizados en un centro de neonatología de la Sabana de Bogotá
Authors: Daza Medina Claudia María , Franco Ayala Martha Susana
Published: June 2023

Newborn foals are very susceptible to potentially fatal diseases. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify variables that allow to predict the survival of these patients, and promptly start the appropriate treatment for each case. A retrospective study was carried out at the Equine Foal Care Perinatology Center, located in the municipality of Cajicá, Cundinamarca. The medical records of 106 foals admitted to hospitalization between September of 2019 and December of 2020 were reviewed, the necessary data was collect, and analyzed, in order to evaluate the predictive value of the clinical examination against the survival of hospitalized neonatal foals, and to identify which of these variables function as early markers of survival. Different statistical tests were used, such as the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, the Mann-Whitney test, the binary logistic regression, the chi-square tests, the ROC curves and the odds ratio (OR). The variables most significantly related to survival were heart rate (p = 0.019), rectal temperature (p = 0.002), lukewarm ears and limbs (p = 0.013) and concordant full strong pulse (p = 0.002). Risk factors associated with foal nonsurvival were temperature < 38 °C, heart rate < 100 bpm, cold ears and extremities, and weak pulse.
AL-QUR’AN AND DZIKIR: ARE THEY EFFECTIVE TO OVERCOME ANXIETY CAUSED BY COVID-19 AS A PANDEMIC CONDITION?
Authors: Hidayat Bahril , Rahman Azhar Abdul , Nugroho Sigit , Leybina Anna V , Muliadi Rahmad , Listyani Nilla , Lubis Layla Takhfa
Published: June 2023

The Covid-19 outbreak in addition to causing a health emergency also affects psychologically. This is because people are worried for their safety, which causes them to be more alert and suspicious. Excessive anxiety can be categorized as a mental disorder. The Al-Qur'an contains various components needed by mankind as guidelines for achieving prosperity in this world and the hereafter. Reading Qur'an and doing dhikr (dzikir) every day can reduce a person's anxiety level and provide continuous calm which turns out to be a very effective therapy for a person in dealing with life stressors. This research is trying to prove that the Qur'an and dhikr can be a strategy to overcome anxiety during Covid-19. This study employed a literature review research design with PRISMA analytical technique. The articles analyzed in this study were 13 articles. The results showed that the provision of therapy using the Al-Qur’an and dhikr gives a person peace, happiness, and security which can reduce anxiety level because of Covid-19. The results of this research are expected to become a reference for practitioners, researchers, and policy makers to use the Islamic therapy approach and other religious spiritual approach in line with the need of every country facing a pandemic, especially in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Russia.
THE EFFECT OF GRATITUDE AND ACADEMIC SELF EFFICACY ON ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT IN STUDENTS
Authors: Yudiani Ema , Khosiyah Siti , Umer Abad
Published: June 2023

Engagement plays an important role in academic success and in the world of work, it is a hallmark of an optimal learning experience (Bilge, Tuzkol, Dots, & Cetin, 2014). Engaged students usually do well in their studies (Kuh, Kinzie, Buckley, Bridges, & Hayek, 2007; Salanova, Schaufeli, Martinez, & Breso, 2010). Therefore, academic engagement is needed for students, so that the objectives of the academic process activities can be achieved effectively and efficiently. This study aims to determine the effect of gratitude, academic self-efficacy, on academic engagement. The sample in this study were students of the Faculty of Psychology, Raden Fatah State Islamic University Palembang with a total population of 968 students. The sample in this study amounted to 155 students of the psychology faculty. The sampling technique in this study uses a non probability sampling technique, which means that not all students have the same opportunity to be used as research samples. Data analysis will be carried out by linear regression analysis at a significance level of 0.005, using the SPSS.20 application. The results showed that there was a significant effect of gratitude, academic self-efficacy academic engagement (R2 = 29.4%). The results of the hypothesis test show that gratitude and academic self-efficacy have a significant effect on academic engagement.
AUTHENTIC HAPPINESS OF NUN WHO HAVE MUSLIM PARENTS
Authors: Riskasari Windah
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kebahagiaan otentik biarawati yang memiliki orang tua muslim. Responden dalam penelitian ini terdapat tiga orang biarawati dari Kongregasi Puteri Kasih. Karakteristik responden adalah sudah memasuki masa bina lanjut dan memiliki latar belakang orang tua muslim. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian fenomenologi. Berdasarkan hasil dan analisis data dipahami bahwa gambaran kebahagiaan otentik biarawati dapat dilihat dari bagaimana hidup religius yang dipilih yaitu menjadi biarawati mampu membuat biarawati bersyukur atas pilihan kehidupan yang dijalaninya dan memutuskan untuk setia dengan Tuhan sampai akhir hayat. Perasaan syukur muncul dari bagaimana subyek menikmati hidup panggilannya yang dirasa penuh dengan berkat dari Tuhan. Pilihan hidup membiara yang terus dijalani dengan dukungan dari keluarga  membiasakan subyek melakukan aktivitas bersama dengan orang banyak membuat munculnya sikap-sikap keseharian  yang menunjukkan adanya kekuatan khas dan kebijakan personal yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk perilaku dari kearifan dan pengetahuan, keberanian, kemanusiaan dan cinta, keadilan, kesederhanaan, serta transendensi yang dimiliki subyek.
Fernán Pérez de Guzmán en el Cancionero de Baena: sentido, forma y referencias literarias en sus primeras composiciones poéticas
Authors: Cáseda Teresa Jesús Fernando
Published: June 2023

Esta investigación analiza las composiciones poéticas de Fernán Pérez de Guzmán insertas en el Cancionero de Baena y escritas durante su juventud. Encuentro en ellas muchos de los temas que luego desarrollará en su retiro en Batres, especialmente su sátira del amor cortés, del “infierno de amores” y la presencia de los temas del memento mori o de la vanitas vanitatum y del fugit dies. Defino su concepción poética, sus fuentes literarias y su conflictiva relación con la nueva lírica del dolce stil novo procedente de Italia.
Ecos heroicos tradicionales en la leyenda de Juliana del Libro de Exeter
Authors: Ennis Sara
Published: June 2023

La lectura de la hagiografía en inglés antiguo de Juliana, teniendo en cuenta las diferencias con una versión latina anterior, nos permite ver cómo el autor del poema inglés utiliza recursos de la narrativa épica germánica, que habrían resultado familiares para su público. A partir de ellos se desarrolla un proceso doble de presentar una mirada crítica sobre los valores heroicos tradicionales y sobre las religiones paganas. El tipo heroico será diferente, ya que el heroísmo no será representado necesariamente por el guerrero con más fuerza física sino por los ryhtfremmendra (righteous people), los godes cempan (guerreros de Dios). Analizaremos, entonces, los recursos narrativos mediante los cuales el autor busca atraer a su audiencia y que el relato, lejano temporal y espacialmente para ella, resulte más cercano y así funcione como ejemplo con la mayor eficacia posible.
Optimum pH Buffer of Phosphate and Carbonate on The Crude Extraction of Uricase Enzyme from Goat Liver
Authors: Wuryanti Handayani  , Leyla Novita Brigiyanti  , Sudarko  , Istri Ratnadewi Anak Agung
Published: June 2023

Uricase enzyme (urate oxidase) is an enzyme that catalyze the oxidation of uric acid in the presence of oxygen to produce allantoin, carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Human and primates do not have this enzyme while other mammals have it in the liver therefore the uricase enzymes are extracted from goat liver use a buffer that is compatible with the human buffer system. The type of buffer selected adjusted at the appropriate pH. The optimum uricase pH ranged from 7.5 to 9.5. The selection of buffer type is adjusted to the human buffer system. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the type and pH of the extraction buffer on the total activity, protein total and specific activity of crude uricase. The types of buffer selected are phosphate buffer and carbonate buffer, while the selected pH is 7.5; 8.5; and 9.5. The method used is enzyme extraction, then determination of enzyme activity and protein content to determine the specific activity of the enzyme. The results obtained the highest total enzyme activity at pH 8.5 both in carbonate buffer (0.0481 U/mL) and phosphate buffer (0.0383 U/mL). The highest protein total in carbonate buffer was at pH 9.5 (4.55 mg/mL) while the highest value was in phosphate buffer pH 8.5 (4.1 mg/mL). The specific activity of uricase pH 8.5 was carbonate buffer (0.0114 U/mg) and phosphate buffer (0.0094 U/mg). The highest uricase specific activity value was at pH 8.5 for both carbonate and phosphate buffer types and in the long term it is used as a gout therapy.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) from Indonesia Iron Sand
Authors: Furqonul Hakin Al Hadi  , Tanti Haryati  , Novita Andarini  , Suwardiyanto  , Sulistiyo Yudi Aris
Published: June 2023

High potency of Indonesian iron sand can be optimized by transforming to valuable iron oxide product namely Hematite (α-Fe2O3). Hydrothermal synthesis was carried out to transform iron oxide phase to hematite that can be analyzed by x-ray diffraction method. Utilization of ion sand as raw material produced multyphase in product reaction, while  the usage of Fe(OH)x that extracted from iron sand attained high purity of hematite. The best conditions of reaction were at 160 oC for 24 h. Higher temperature and longer time reaction transformed α- α-Fe2O3 to be γ-Al2O3 and Fe3O4 as more stable phase.
Effect of pH and Incubation Time on Dissolved Nitrogen During Autolityc Degradation of Chicken Intestine
Authors: Aulia Eldiani , Sjaifullah Achmad , Handayani Wuryanti , Busroni  , Oktavianawati Ika , Reza Muhammad
Published: June 2023

Chicken intestine is a part of internal organs, which are rich in protein and protease enzymes. The protease enzyme could self-degrade (autolytic degradation process) proteins in the chicken intestine at an appropriate pH and incubation time. This process produces a shorter chain polypeptide having a higher solubility protein called protein hydrolysates. Protein hydrolysates have shown a good impact in foods and health applications. In this study, the autolytic degradation of chicken intestine was carried out to obtain protein hydrolysates. The effect of pH and incubation time on the dissolved nitrogen (%N) and protein content ([protein]) in hydrolysate from the autolytic degradation of chicken intestine explained in this paper. The incubation pH used in this study was 2.5, 3.5, 5.5., and 6.3 while the the incubation time was 0, 6, 12, and 18 h. Chicken intestine was incubated for 18 h at several different pHs, and the % N and protein content were determined by using Formol titration and Bradford methods, respectively, within       6 h intervals. It was obtained the % N and [protein] content increase at pH 2.5 and 3.5 during 18 h of incubation time and they were decreased at a higher pH. The optimum % N and [protein] content were 5.98±0.51 % and 25.3±0.04 mg mL-1, respectively, obtained at pH of 2.5 during 18 h incubation time.
Waste Valuation and Problems Encountered In Waste Bank Management: A Case Study at BSU ASRI BMP
Authors: Asmoro Lelono  , Nur Asyia Alfiyani  , Rini Nur Intani
Published: June 2023

Community participation-based waste management has been carried out by DKLH Jember Regency through the establishment of the Main Waste Bank its derivative organization, namely the Unit Waste Bank at a lower level. In this system, the effort being made is the integration of waste management, starting from the household as a producer, followed by sorting, then depositing it to BSU and ending with delivery to a temporary warehouse so that the waste is handled properly. This article aims to explore the potentials and problems encountered in the management of a Waste Bank which involves the participation of residents while still paying attention to aspects of economic feasibility. The research was carried out using the analitcal descriptive via interview and analysis of primary data owned by BSU ASRI BMP with due observance of scientific principles and maintaining the independence and interests of the authors. From the results of the research it is known that waste valuation efforts by providing economic value to each component of waste produced by each household are able to generate citizen interest in sorting and depositing the waste produced. The main contributors in the transfer of inorganic waste from BSU to BSI sequentially are paper, plastic and metal waste with the highest exchange rate ratio in metal waste. The main problem faced in the management of waste banks is the motivation of residents to independently handle daily waste. Besides that, there are also management constraints because the managers are housewives who must divide their time and attention for routine daily activities.
Effectiveness of antinociceptive therapy in multiple endodontic interventions
Authors: Ulitina Olesya V. , Sushchenko Andrey V. , Kunin Vadim A. , Mendosa Elena Yu. , Miklaev Stanislav V.
Published: June 2023

In modern medicine, including dentistry, pain is one of the leading issues as pain syndrome is one of the most common in most human diseases. However, pain in the maxillofacial region has its own characteristics. The tissues of the oral cavity are very richly innervated compared to other organs, which affects the greater sensitivity of this area. Patients most often seek medical help for pain-related reasons, which requires mandatory anesthesia. The endodontic treatment for complicated forms of carious lesions is based on invasive intervention. In addition to stress, there are other types of adaptive reactions of the body. A natural consequence of this is the initiation of nociceptive, neurovegetative and psychoemotional reactions. The result is the formation of chronic postoperative neuropathic pain syndromes affecting the dental health and life quality of the patient. Up to 70 % of patients' complaints are acute pain when seeking emergency care – this statistic is cited by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP, 2011). Pain is the main reason for patients seeking dental care. It forms the painful behavior of a person, while having an adverse effect on daily activities, which reduces the life quality of the patient.
Generation-Z and travelling interest in Tebing Tinggi
Authors: Haratikka Haya , Purba Anita
Published: June 2023

Purpose — The aim of this research is to examine the interest of Generation-Z in travel by exploring the factors that influence their choice of tourism destination and reasons for traveling.Method — To collect data for this research, a qualitative method was employed whereby an open-ended online questionnaire was distributed to 71 individuals belonging to the Z generation in Tebing Tinggi City. We utilized thematic analysis as the technique to examine and analyze the data collected.Result — We found that Generation-Z has a psychological need for vacations to alleviate the stress caused by their numerous responsibilities. When traveling, they typically choose the closest and most renowned tourist destination in their area, without spending excessive amounts of money. Popular activities for them include searching for picturesque locations, experiencing local cuisine, and camping. To travel affordably and efficiently, Generation-Z often opts for private vehicles such as motorcycles or cars, which enable them to visit multiple places.Contribution — This study contributes to the body of knowledge on Generation-Z travel behavior and has implications for the tourism industry in terms of catering to this demographic's unique preferences and needs.
The role of permit relaxation policy in boosting micro-small business income during the COVID-19
Authors: Syafrizal Syafrizal , Djamaluddin Sartika
Published: June 2023

Purpose — This study investigates the effect of permit relaxation policy on micro and small businesses income by considering other factors, such as business capital, labor, business area, business sector, location ownership and business facilities.Method — This study employs quantitative methods by analyzing panel data related to the application for micro and small business permits, specifically focusing on the relaxation program, which was administered by the Department for Investment and Integrated One Stop Services of the Jakarta Capital City Government. The data covers the period from 2020 to 2022 and encompasses all areas, including five cities and one regency, with permits issued by 267 Service Units in Jakarta.Result — The findings of this study, derived from regression analysis and bivariate analysis, reveal a notable positive impact of business permits obtained through the relaxation program on the increase in business income. Specifically, businesses that obtained permits from the relaxation program experienced a higher income of 5.27% compared to those without permits. Furthermore, factors such as capital, labor, and the business sector collectively contribute to a significant positive effect on enhancing business income.Contribution — This research contributes to the existing literature by addressing the gap in previous studies that have not examined the impact of permit relaxation policy on the income of micro and small businesses. It offers valuable insights and knowledge to enhance understanding in this area of study.
Influence of Geographical Area of Production on the Caffeine and Flavan-3-ol Profiles of Selected Clonal Green Tea Leaves from Smallholder Tea Farms in Kenya
Authors: Mose MT , Ochanda SO , Moseti KO , Wanyoko JK , Owuor PO , Kinyua JK , Kariuki D , Magiri EN , Obanda MA
Published: June 2023

Despite the use of similar cultivars in the smallholder tea sector in Kenya, resultant black tea quality varies. These variations could in part be arising from the formation of varying quantities and ratios of the black tea quality precursor compounds with agro-ecological zones of production. This study evaluated the variations in the caffeine and flavon-3-ol profiles of three cultivars (SFS 150, TRFK 31/8 and TRFK 303/577) of tea from smallholder tea farms in three agro-zones in Kenya. Overall, there were significant variations (p less than or equal to0.05) in the levels of caffeine and flavan-3-ols due to cultivars and agro-ecological zones of production. In the same cultivar, the components varied (p less than or equal to0.05) with an ecological area of production. The patterns in the changes were not systematically leading significant ecological zone x cultivar interactions effects in gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin gallate. This demonstrated that it may not be predictable how the quality of clonal tea may vary when produced in different agro-ecological zone. Consequently, a high-quality clone in one agro-ecological zone may not replicate the same characteristics in the different agro-ecological zone. It is, therefore, necessary to test new clones in new environments before they are extensively exploited in these environments. The current findings suggest that flavon-3-ols may not be potential factors in the discrimination of tea quality within the ecological zones of Kenya.
Black Tea: A Possible Multitherapeutic Combinatorics Aiding Neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Bhandari Koushik , De Baishakhi , Saha Gargi , Goswami Tridib K
Published: June 2023

This article aims at reviewing the effectiveness of compounds in black tea in combating neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Detailed chemo profiling of black tea showed the presence of theaflavins, different catechins, and amino acids viz., L-theanine and methylxanthines. A literature search showed a multitude of pharmacological activities diversity of black tea. Structural and anti-inflammatory activity relationship studies showed the anti-inflammatory potentials of benzotropolone moiety containing compounds, flavonoids, flavones, phenolics and methylxanthines e.g. caffeine, theobromine, theophylline. Black tea is a good source of several multifunctional pharmacophores and thus can combat neuroinflammation in AD providing neuroprotection from multidimensional perspectives.
Nitrogenous Fertilizer Rates and Plucking Intervals Effects on Soil Organic Carbon, pH and Tea Yields and Their Relationships in Eastern Africa Tea Growing Regions
Authors: Ombori Robert O. , Owuor P. Okinda , Kamau David M. , Kwach Bowa O. , Dufitumukiza Wilson , Msomba Solomon W.
Published: June 2023

Eastern Africa tea grows in high rainfall areas where nutrients depletion through leaching, and surface run-off can be high, in addition to removal with crop. Nutrients replenishment through fertilizer applications is therefore necessary. But inappropriate fertilizer use can cause nutrients imbalance, change soil pH, and organic carbon contents. Variations in plucking intervals result in differences in tea productivity. Although environmental factors vary within Eastern Africa tea growing regions, recommended fertilizer type and rates and harvesting intervals are largely uniform. Fertilizer use and harvesting policy may influence soil chemical parameters within the region to varying degrees. Effects of NPKS 25:5:5:5 fertilizer rates and plucking intervals on soil organic carbon, pH and the relationship between soil organic carbon, pH and tea yields in Eastern Africa were evaluated. Trials were conducted on clone TRFK 6/8 at Timbilil, Changoi, Arroket (Kenya), Maruku, Katoke (Tanzania), Kitabi and Mulindi (Rwanda). Soil organic carbon contents ranged from 4.16 to 17.61% and were sufficient. Increasing nitrogen rates increased (p less than or eqaul to 0.05) soil organic carbon but lowered (p less than or eqaul to 0.05) soil pH. The pH values ranged between 3.22 and 4.84. The increase in soil acidity due to high rates of nitrogen rates reduce tea productivity in the long run. Periodic monitoring of soil pH is necessary in tea production to invoke mitigation activities when decline below 3.5. Plucking intervals had no influence on SOC and pH at all sites. Soil organic carbon and pH varied significantly (p less than or eqaul to 0.05) from location to location, though the values were within acceptable range. Soil organic carbon directly correlated (r.>0.878; p less than or eqaul to 0.05 for all sites except Mulindi and Maruku) with yields and inversely (r less than or eqaul to -0.878, p less than or eqaul to 0.05 for most sites) with pH. The correlation between SOC and yields suggest that tea production management need to maintain SOC at optimal levels realization of sustained tea yields.
Mining and Validation of Polymorphic EST-SSR Markers for Analysing Genetic Diversity among Interspecific Hybrids of Tea
Authors: Muoki R. C. , Maangi J. A. , Korir R. K. , Bargul J. L. , Kamunya S. M.
Published: June 2023

Molecular markers are useful tools for studying gene flow and genetic diversity within a population. With the establishment of online databases, sequence can be now be downloaded for identification of Expressed Sequence Tags- Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers designed to amplify the microsatellite loci present in the genes. Of the 170 microsatellites detected from the downloaded 789 ESTs belonging to the nine Camellia spp, only fourteen showed functional EST-SSR markers. Among them, five polymorphic markers specific to tri-nucleotide SSRs were randomly selected and screened alongside five established primers on four tea genotypes (TRFK 570/2, TRFK 688/1, TRFK 83/1, and TRFK 6/8,) The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the SSR markers had mean of 0.33 that ranged between 0.16 and 0.53, whereas discriminating power (D) had mean value of 0.23 ranging between 0.00 and 0.75 with. A total of 64 alleles were detected with an average of 6.4 alleles per SSR locus. Based on a PIC greater than or equal to 0.40, D value greater than or equal to 0.20 and number of polymorphic bands greater than or equal to 1, five functional SSR markers comprising two novel EST-SSRs (Camjap A1, Camjap A4) and three adapted microsatellite markers (TM 134, A37, and A47) were recommended for use in discriminating interspecific hybrids of tea.
Comparative Analysis of Tea And Non-Tea Consumers In South West, Nigeria
Authors: . Oladokun , O.M. Yetunde
Published: June 2023

African nations that produce tea include Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Nigeria. Tea drinking is widespread across all demographic groups in Nigeria. Revenue from tea production is US$4.62bn in 2023 and the market is expected to grow yearly by 11.04%.  The study did a comparative analysis of tea and non-tea consumers in Southwest, Nigeria. The study was carried out in the South west geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Two states were selected (Oyo and Osun States). Information was obtained from 252 respondents using a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and linear regression analytical techniques were used in this study. The mean age of tea consumers is 40.1 ± 13.8 while the mean age of non-tea consumers is 40.8 ± 15.6. Females consume tea compared to their male counterparts in South west. The mean household size of tea consumers is 4.4 ± 3.6, for non-tea consumers it is 3.7 ± 2.0. Fifty-one percent of tea consumers reside in rural areas and 60% of non-tea consumers reside also in rural areas. The brand of tea mostly consumed in South west is Lipton. The variables significant at different levels are age, educational level, income, price of tea, brand of tea and tea affordability. The reasons why respondents were not consuming tea were high cost, availability, causes harm, low/no knowledge, taste and no/low budget. It is recommended that the public should be sensitised on the need to consume tea and companies should produce tea of different tastes and flavours for consumers to choose from.
Significance of Microbes and their Role in Pest Management in Tea Ecosystem
Authors: Deka B. , Sarkar Suman , Modak Debrishi , Babu Azariah
Published: June 2023

Tea crop damage is caused by mites and insect pests, and each year a significant amount of crop loss is occurring due to their damage. Synthetic pesticides' efficiency has allowed them to be widely used as a control tool for several decades. Synthetic pesticides, on the other hand, have resulted in the development of insect pest resistance, pollution, and pesticide residues in the finished product, among many other issues, forcing the planting community to look for an alternative strategy. Microbial pesticides have been used to combat mite and insect pest-damaging tendencies, and a substantial portion of scientific evidence indicates that their actions are both desirable and environmentally beneficial. In recent years, there has been a lot more emphasis on the use of natural enemies such as entomopathogens for pest control. entomopathogenic microorganisms (EM) expands the range of pest control possibilities. Eco-friendly alternatives to existing agricultural pesticides that are employed to manage insect pests and improve agricultural sustainability are being developed. The study summarises current knowledge on EM (entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes, viruses, bacteria, etc) as it relates to their present application as biological pest management.
Removal of Old Leaves and Soil Touching Unproductive Branches of Tea Bushes for Controlling Red Rust Disease in Bangladesh.
Authors: Islam Mohammed Syeful , Himel Raihan M.
Published: June 2023

Only leaf reduction (Cultural measure), in treatment T4 [treated with leaf removal above 15 inches (38.10 cm) from ground level], maximum yield (2185.00 kgha-1) was found resulted 21.64% more over the control. T3 [10 inches (25.40 cm)] and T5 [20 inches (50.80 cm)] gave similar response having 20 and 20.68% increased yield over the control. The lowest severity (21.38 PDI) was found in T5 [20 inches (50.80 cm)] that was statistically identical to T4 [15 inches (38.10 cm)] and T3 [10 inches (25.40 cm)] having a decrease trend of 58.28%, 50.26% and 42.59% respectively. There is 92.99% impact of leaf reduction in reducing disease severity of red rust having a decrease trend of 7.2 PDI for removal of leaf by 5 inches (12.70 cm) from the soil level. Similarly there is 81.44% impact of leaf reduction in increasing yield of made tea (kg ha-1) having an increase trend of 103.01 unit for removal of leaf by 5 inches (12.70 cm) from the soil level. In leaf reduction (Cultural measure) with one round chemical application, treatment T13 [treated with leaf removal above 15 inches (38.10 cm) from ground level with one round of Carbendazim 50 WP] gave maximum yield (2,310.00 kgha-1) resulted 28.61% more over the control followed by T15 [20 inches (50.80 cm) with one round of Carbendazim 50 WP] and T14 [20 inches (50.80 cm) with one round of Copper-oxichloride 50 WP] having 28.18 and 27.69% increased yield of made tea.  Lowest severity (9.63 PDI) was found in T15 [20 inches (50.80 cm) with one round of Carbendazim 50 WP] having 41.21% reduction over control followed by identical PDI in T12 [15 inches (38.10 cm) with one round of Copper-oxichloride 50 WP], T13 [15 inches (38.10 cm) with one round of Carbendazim 50 WP] and T14 [20 inches (50.80 cm) with one round of Copper-oxichloride 50 WP] having 77.40, 77.31 and 77.79% reduction respectively. There is 78.24% impact in reducing disease severity of red rust having a decrease trend of 2.23 PDI for removal of leaf by 5 inches (12.70 cm) from the soil level with one round chemical fungicide application. Similarly there is 51.76% impact in increasing yield of made tea (kg ha-1) having an increase trend of 30.21 unit for removal of leaf by 5 inches (12.70 cm) from the soil level with one round chemical fungicide. From the benefit cost analysis it is projected that the treatment T3 [10 inches (25.40 cm)] received the highest marginal rate of return (1202.17%) followed by 1152.17% in treatment T4 [treated with leaf removal above 15 inches (38.10 cm). One round of systemic fungicides like Carbendazim 50 WP with this cultural practice gave 1034.21% and 1091.42% marginal rate of return respectively. Considering yield of made tea, disease severity and benefit cost analysis viewpoint, it can be concluded that, the cost effective treatment is removal of soil touching old leaves attached with tea bushes of MSK and LSK pruned sections within 10 inches (25.40 cm) to 15 inches (38.10 cm) from the soil level.