bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The geochemistry of mine-waste pore water affected by the combined disposal of natrojarosite and base-metal sulphide tailings at Kidd Creek, Timmins, Ontario
Authors: Al T.A. , Blowes D.W. , Jambor J.L. , Scott J.D.
Published: March 2008

Since 1985 natrojarosite residue (NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6) from the zinc refinery at Kidd Creek near Timmins, Ontario, has been disposed of with mine tailings containing up to 25 wt.% pyrite. Pore-water geochemical data have been collected from depth profiles through the vadose and saturated zones in the tailings. Three zones are defined by the concentrations of metals, SO4, and HCO3. In the deepest zone the concentrations of most metals and anions are below detection and the concentrations of Fe, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Mn, HCO3, and SO4 are low, similar to those in the mill discharge water. Higher concentrations of Na, K, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Pb, As, SO4, and HCO3 occur within an intermediate zone. These increased concentrations are attributed to natrojarosite dissolution. A surficial zone affected by sulphide oxidation contains high concentrations of metals and SO4. High concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Al in this zone characterize the effects of sulphide oxidation on pore-water composition as distinct from the effects of natrojarosite dissolution. The H+ released by Fe3+ hydrolysis following natrojarosite dissolution is neutralized by carbonate-mineral dissolution that reduces the acid-neutralization capacity of the tailings and releases HCO3. Natrojarosite codisposal with tailings also causes deterioration of the pore-water quality because the dissolution of natrojarosite releases Na, K, Fe, Pb, and SO4 to the pore water. Key words : mine tailings, natrojarosite, jarosite, tailings geochemistry, sulphide oxidation.
A FIELD THEORY MODEL WITH A NEW LORENTZ-INVARIANT ENERGY SCALE
Authors: KONOPKA TOMASZ
Published: March 2008

A framework is proposed for field theory with a new energy scale. The proposal is based on the idea, appearing for example in Deformed Special Relativity (DSR), of building phenomenological models for quantum gravity by taking momentum space to be curved rather than flat. In this work, this idea is implemented by introducing a fifth dimension and by imposing an extra constraint on physical field configurations in addition to the mass shell constraint. Advantages of this approach are that Lorentz symmetry is explicitly preserved and that an interacting scalar field model constructed in this way can be shown to be unitary. Implications for electrodynamics are discussed but the interpretation of the extra dimension needs to be clarified before making predictions for experiments.
THE DYNAMICS AND HYSTERESIS IN GaAs/AlGaAs HETEROSTRUCTURE UNDER THE ACTION OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: YANG GUI , ZHAO HONG-WEI , LI GUO-HUI , ZHOU SHI-PING
Published: March 2008

We theoretically studied current oscillations and the dynamics of the modulation-doped GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure under the action of electric fields and a perpendicular magnetic field. The results show that the current oscillations and hysteresis in the system can be found under the DC bias voltage. Under the effect of the increasing magnetic fields, the oscillations will disappear and the width of the hysteresis is broader. Considering the AC part, the system shows interesting nonlinear behaviors like the route of an inverse period-doubling to chaos, quasiperiodicity, and frequency-locking.
DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY WITH GENERAL INITIAL AREA RADIUS IN QUASI-SPHERICAL GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE, AND ANISOTROPY AND INHOMOGENEITY OF SPACE–TIME
Authors: BANDYOPADHYAY TANWI , BAVEJA ANUSUA , CHAKRABORTY SUBENOY
Published: March 2008

This paper deals with the role of anisotropy and inhomogeneity of space–time in quasi-spherical gravitational collapse. The effect of the initial area radius has been studied in characterizing the final state of collapse. Both dust and fluid with anisotropic pressure are considered as the collapsing matter. The results are presented in the form of propositions.
PHYSICAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE IN FULLY NONEXTENSIVE STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS
Authors: BADESCU VIOREL
Published: March 2008

This paper generalizes previous results concerning the definitions of physical temperature and pressure in nonextensive statistical thermodynamics. The novelty is that both the internal energy and the volume are no longer additive functions. The new approach is referred to as "fully" nonextensive thermodynamics. The physical temperature is different from the inverse of the Lagrange multiplier. This fact changes the form of some usual thermodynamic relations. For example, the Clausius definition of the thermodynamic entropy has to be modified. As an application, the classical gas model is examined with statistical calculations performed under the Tsallis–Mendes–Plastino formalism of nonextensive thermodynamics. The specific heat expression differs from the one encountered in ordinary extensive thermodynamics but the equation of state keeps the same form.
SCALING LAWS IN THE MACROECONOMY
Authors: GATTI D. DELLI , DI GUILMI C. , GALLEGATI M. , GAFFEO E. , GIULIONI G. , PALESTRINI A.
Published: March 2008

The practice of detecting power laws and scaling behaviors in economics and finance has gained momentum in the last few years, due to the increased use of concepts and methods first developed in statistical physics. Some disappointment has emerged in the economic profession, however, as regards the models proposed so far to theoretically explain these phenomena. In this paper we aim to address this criticism, showing that scaling behaviors can naturally emerge in a multiagent system with optimizing interacting units characterized by financial fragility.
CXCL12/CXCR4 Transactivates HER2 in Lipid Rafts of Prostate Cancer Cells and Promotes Growth of Metastatic Deposits in Bone
Authors: Chinni Sreenivasa R. , Yamamoto Hamilto , Dong Zhong , Sabbota Aaron , Bonfil R. Daniel , Cher Michael L.
Published: March 2008

Chemokines and their receptors function in migration and homing of cells to target tissues. Recent evidence suggests that cancer cells use a chemokine receptor axis for metastasis formation at secondary sites. Previously, we showed that binding of the chemokine CXCL12 to its receptor CXCR4 mediated signaling events resulting in matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in prostate cancer bone metastasis. A variety of methods, including lipid raft isolation, stable overexpression of CXCR4, cellular adhesion, invasion assays, and the severe combined immunodeficient–human bone tumor growth model were used. We found that (a) CXCR4 and HER2 coexist in lipid rafts of prostate cancer cells; (b) the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis results in transactivation of the HER2 receptor in lipid rafts of prostate cancer cells; (c) Src kinase mediates CXCL12/CXCR4 transactivation of HER2 in prostate cancer cells; (d) a pan-HER inhibitor desensitizes CXCR4-induced transactivation and subsequent matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion and invasion; (e) lipid raft–disrupting agents inhibited raft-associated CXCL12/CXCR4 transactivation of the HER2 and cellular invasion; (f) overexpression of CXCR4 in prostate cancer cells leads to increased HER2 phosphorylation and migratory properties of prostate cancer cells; and (g) CXCR4 overexpression enhances bone tumor growth and osteolysis. These data suggest that lipid rafts on the cell membrane are the key site for CXCL12/CXCR4–induced HER2 receptor transactivation. This transactivation contributes to enhanced invasive signals and metastatic growth in the bone microenvironment. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(3):446–57)
Patient Self-Perceptions of Swallowing Difficulties as Compared to Expert Ratings of Videofluorographic Studies
Authors: Ding Ruiying , Logemann Jeri A.
Published: March 2008

Background/Aims: Research investigating the relationship between subjective and objective assessment of dysphagia in patients with various diagnoses has yielded conflicting results.The goal of this study is to investigate the reliability of patient self-perceptions of swallowing difficulties compared to expert ratings of videofluorographic studies considering three medical diagnostic categories: neurological disorders, structural deficits and general medical diagnoses. Methods: One hundred and three patients who were referred for videofluorographic swallow evaluation were included in the study. Face-to-face interviews with patients were conducted before their videofluorographic studies. The correlation between patient self-perceptions and expert ratings of the videofluorographic studies was established by comparing the results of patients’ self-reports with the results of the videofluorographic studies. Results: The correlation between patient self-perceptions of swallowing difficulties and expert ratings of the videofluorographic studies varied greatly depending on the patients’ medical diagnoses. The correlation was mild in patients with neurological disorders, moderate in patients with structural deficits and high in patients with general medical diagnoses. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that patient self-perceptions of swallowing difficulties should be used as one of the criteria, but not the only one, in making referrals for further swallowing evaluation, especially in patients with neurological disorders.
Colorectal Cancer or Colon and Rectal Cancer?
Authors: Li M. , Li J.Y. , Zhao A.L. , Gu J.
Published: March 2008

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare features of colon and rectal cancers such as prognosis, clinicopathological features and tumor markers, namely carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and p27kip1. Methods: Two hundred and thirty patients with stage I–III colon or rectal cancer were retrospectively assessed with the endpoint of recurrence or metastasis after curative operation. CEA, MMP-2 and p27kip1 were studied by immunohistochemistry in cancer tissues of all patients. Results: The disease-free 3-year survival rate after operation of the total 230 patients was 63.0%. The prognosis of colon cancer was significantly better than that of rectal cancer (70.6 vs. 57.0%; p = 0.017), especially for stage III (p = 0.0059). Multivariate analysis also demonstrated that tumor location in the colon or rectum, differentiation, venous invasion and the expression of CEA were independent factors for prognosis. The hazard of recurrence and metastasis in rectal cancer was 1.564 times that in colon cancer. In both groups, there were no statistical differences in age, gender, tumor size, tumor gross type, mucin production, tumor differentiation, venous invasion, MMP-2 and p27kip1. Conclusion: We investigated prognosis, clinicopathological factors, oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene production in colon and rectal cancers. The prognosis of colon cancer is better than that of rectal cancer, especially for stage III. This study shows some differences between colon and rectal cancer.
Fractional Identities: The Political Arithmetic of Aboriginal Victorians
Authors: Smith Len , McCalman Janet , Anderson Ian , Smith Sandra , Evans Joanne , McCarthy Gavan , Beer Jane
Published: March 2008

Established as a British Colony in 1835, Victoria was considered the leader in Australian indigenous administration—the first colony to legislate for the “protection” and legal victualing of Aborigines, and the first to collect statistical data on their decline and anticipated disappearance. The official record, however, excludes the data that can explain the Aborigines' stunning recovery. A painstaking investigation combining family histories; Victoria's birth, death, and marriage registrations; and census and archival records provides this information. One startling finding is that the surviving Aboriginal population is descended almost entirely from those who were under the protection of the colonial state.
Temporal Dynamics of Rate-Based Synaptic Plasticity Rules in a Stochastic Model of Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity
Authors: Elliott Terry
Published: March 2008

In a recently proposed, stochastic model of spike-timing-dependent plasticity, we derived general expressions for the expected change in synaptic strength, ΔSn, induced by a typical sequence of precisely n spikes. We found that the rules ΔSn, n ≥ 3, exhibit regions of parameter space in which stable, competitive interactions between afferents are present, leading to the activity-dependent segregation of afferents on their targets. The rules ΔSn, however, allow an indefinite period of time to elapse for the occurrence of precisely n spikes, while most measurements of changes in synaptic strength are conducted over definite periods of time during which a potentially unknown number of spikes may occur. Here, therefore, we derive an expression, ΔS(t), for the expected change in synaptic strength of a synapse experiencing an average sequence of spikes of typical length occurring during a fixed period of time, t. We find that the resulting synaptic plasticity rule Δ S(t) exhibits a number of remarkable properties. It is an entirely self-stabilizing learning rule in all regions of parameter space. Further, its parameter space is carved up into three distinct, contiguous regions in which the exhibited synaptic interactions undergo different transitions as the time t is increased. In one region, the synaptic dynamics change from noncompetitive to competitive to entirely depressing. In a second region, the dynamics change from noncompetitive to competitive without the second transition to entirely depressing dynamics. In a third region, the dynamics are always noncompetitive. The locations of these regions are not fixed in parameter space but may be modified by changing the mean presynaptic firing rates. Thus, neurons may be moved among these three different regions and so exhibit different sets of synaptic dynamics depending on their mean firing rates.
Devilish Consumption: Popular Culture in Satanic Socialization
Authors: Dyrendal Asbjørn
Published: March 2008

Conservative Evangelical polemics against popular culture has often argued that it is a recruiting ground for Satanism. Popular culture, especially horror film and horror-inspired heavy metal music, has often been singled out as being the most explicit expressions of this recruiting strategy. Although the premises (and most of the conclusions) of the argument are untenable, they are not all wrong. Popular culture does play a role in how satanic identities are constructed. The cultural marketplace constitutes a “scene” that religious networks may draw on more heavily when traditional arenas for socialization are absent, thus making these networks stronger. This is an important point that applies to many kinds of late modern, privatized religion. The article addresses these broader issues by way of Satanism as a more specific example. It takes a look at which elements of and how popular culture plays a role in satanic socialization through a focus on the strategies for guiding consumption and production.
Religious Education in Response to Changing Times Congregation Adass-Isroel Religious School in Berlin
Authors: Hildesheimer Meir
Published: March 2008

During the 19th century, various frameworks were established in Germany for the purpose of providing Jewish students with religious education. The article deals primarily with the orthodox Congregation Adass-Isroel Religious School. Established in 1869 in Berlin, the school had a major impact on the development of supplementary religious instruction throughout Germany and served as a model in this area. The school's background, history, basic principles and method of instruction, as well as study subjects (Hebrew, Bible, Talmud, Religious instruction, History) are discussed and compared to corresponding religious schools. Research is based on the school's annual reports, archival material, scholarly literature, memoirs, and newspapers.
The Decline and Fall of the True Christian Church: The English Deist View
Authors: Hillerbrand Hans J.
Published: March 2008

Christian Deism broke radically with the past and had its starting point in the notion that Christianity, as it was known, was perverted and no longer represented in the true and apostolic faith. Many of the titles of most of the Deist's books expressed this dismay over the state of the Christian religion, the need for re-interpretation of the nature of the true gospel and for reform. While most books reflected on the matter, the individual perspectives differed on the questions: Whom to blame for this fall? How to date it? What was the correct issue? The article argues that it was not the contention of the English Deists that some churches had erred in some points, but that all the churches had erred in all points: The entire system of the Christian religion was perverted. Their view of the history of Christianity was intimately connected with their view of the person and significance of Jesus.
Consular Representation in an Emerging State: The Case of Norway
Authors: Leira Halvard , Neumann Iver
Published: March 2008

The consular institution has regularly been viewed by academics and practitioners alike as the poor sibling of diplomacy: as a career sidetrack or tour of duty for aspiring ambassadors; and as an example devoid of all the intrigue and politics by historians and theoreticians of diplomacy. Through a detailed case study of the emergence and development of consular representation in Norway, this article demonstrates that any comprehensive history of diplomacy must include a history of the consular institution; that the history of the consular institution is nevertheless not reducible to a history of diplomacy; and that studying the consular institution offers up fresh perspectives on the social practices of representation and state formation.
Trends and Developments in Consular Services: The Dutch Experience
Authors: Jones-Bos Renée , van Daalen Monique
Published: March 2008

Since the 1990s, the demand for consular services has expanded enormously, together with citizens' high expectations and increased demands for quality. Combined with greater visibility through the arrival of new media and growing public interest in politics, this requires much flexibility from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In spite of increased cooperation among European partners in a number of fields, one central 'European consular service' will not materialize for the time being, because consular affairs are still very much interwoven with domestic politics. This article highlights the most important trends and developments in consular services of the last twenty years. On the basis of a number of cases, the authors indicate how the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs has reacted to these trends and developments. The Ministry's aim is to maintain high standards and to improve where necessary, through major investments in new instruments, improved public information, continuous staff training and more intensive cooperation with civil society organizations.
A Newly Discovered Arabic-Hebrew Medieval Philosophical Dictionary, Including Key-Terms of Maimonides' Guide
Authors: Zonta Mauro
Published: March 2008

The manuscript of Turin, Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria, A. II. 12, includes (on folios 213r–217v) a short Hebrew dictionary of 39 philosophical terms. 23 of these terms can be found in the introduction to part two of Maimonides' Guide of the Perplexed, which has been copied in full lenght in the manuscript as well (according to Samuel Ibn Tibbon's Hebrew translation). The dictionary was probably written in the second half of the 13th century by an anonymous scribe and has been unknown to scholars until now. This article offers a critical edition of the original text of the dictionary, with a facsimile reproduction of the relevant folios as well as an English annotated summary of its content.
Media Violence
Authors: Murray John P.
Published: March 2008

Fifty years of research on the effect of TV violence on children leads to the inescapable conclusion that viewing media violence is related to increases in aggressive attitudes, values, and behaviors. The changes in aggression are both short term and long term, and these changes may be mediated by neurological changes in the young viewer. The effects of media violence are both real and strong and are confirmed by the careful reviews of research evidence by various scientific and professional organizations that are concerned with children's mental health and development.
Recycling and Ambivalence
Authors: Ojala Maria
Published: March 2008

Theories about ambivalence, as well as quantitative and qualitative empirical approaches, are applied to obtain an understanding of recycling among young adults. A questionnaire was mailed to 422 Swedish young people. Regression analyses showed that a mix of negative emotions (worry) and positive emotions (hope and joy) about the environmental problems was positively related to recycling. The opposite pattern was found for attitudinal ambivalence toward recycling. Thereafter, semistructured interviews were performed. In a group of reluctant recyclers, the ambivalent attitudes consisted of views that recycling is something beneficial for the environment and is a civic duty. On the other hand, they wanted more information, were unable to integrate youthful ideals about living in an environmentally friendly way with the everyday life of young adulthood, and felt low self-efficacy. In addition, strategies to activate positive emotions alongside a high degree of environmental worry were explored in a group who recycle regularly.
Self-Compassion and Self-Construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan
Authors: Neff Kristin D. , Pisitsungkagarn Kullaya , Hsieh Ya-Ping
Published: March 2008

Self-compassion is a self-attitude construct derived from Buddhist psychology (Neff, 2003a). It entails being kind rather than harshly critical toward oneself, perceiving one's experiences as part of the larger human experience, and holding painful feelings in mindful awareness. Given that self-compassion is an Asian construct, this study compares self-compassion levels in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Results indicate that self-compassion is highest in Thailand and lowest in Taiwan, with the United States falling in between. Interdependence is linked to self-compassion in Thailand only, whereas independence is linked to self-compassion in Taiwan and the United States. Results suggest that self-compassion levels in these societies are linked to specific cultural features rather than general East—West differences. However, self-compassion is significantly associated with well-being in all three cultures.
Priming Effects of Language On Emotion Judgments in Spanish—English Bilinguals
Authors: Matsumoto David , Anguas-Wong Ana Maria , Martinez Elena
Published: March 2008

This study examined the possibility that bilinguals judge the emotions of others differently when making those judgments in different languages and the degree to which individual differences in emotion regulation could account for such language differences. Spanish- and English-speaking Mexican bilinguals were asked to judge emotions in facial expressions in Spanish and English. Participants were more accurate in judging emotion in English but inferred greater intensity of subjective experience in the expresser in Spanish. They also had higher emotion regulation scores in Spanish. Their Spanish (but not English) emotion regulation scores completely mediated the judgment differences on emotion recognition and partially mediated the differences in the ratings of subjective experiences of others. Thus, the participants did indeed judge emotions differently as a function of language, and those differences were accounted for by their own emotion regulation processes.
`He's a Liar, I'm Afraid': Truth and Lies in a Narrative Account
Authors: Rosie Anthony
Published: March 2008

An account of a young person undertaking a vocational preparation course is given. This young person was described as a fantasist by his foster mother, and the staff who ran the vocational course came to a similar view. These various narratives are examined to show how the categorisation of fantasist was created and maintained. The case study shows how the young person used fantasy to achieve particular ends. There is a power relation existing between the contrasting narratives and the categorization fantasist belongs to a sanctioned and powerful discourse. Thus `my research' as well as this article and the other narratives it discusses should be subject to a similar analysis as that attached to this case study itself.
The National Library of Pakistan: an overview
Authors: Ahmad Pervaiz
Published: March 2008

Describes the history and development of the National Library of Pakistan, which was founded in 1949, merged with the Liquat Memorial Library in 1954 and separated again in 1968. The Library moved to its own building at Islamabad in 1988, and opened to the public in 1993. The Library is administered by the Department of Libraries of the Directorate of Libraries and Archives in the Ministry of Education. The prime function of the National Library of Pakistan is to receive, preserve, and maintain the literary heritage of the country under copyright provisions. The annual Pakistan National Bibliography is based on copyright receipts, mainly books. The National Library receives about 66 percent of serial publications and 50—55 percent of books published in the country. Electronic publications are not yet covered by the copyright laws. The Library assigns ISBNs to nearly half of all books published. Library membership and daily readership are very low and services to users very limited. The development of staff and services need immediate attention.
Plasma dopamine in workers exposed to urban stressor
Authors: Tomei Gianfranco , Capozzella Assuntina , Ciarrocca Manuela , Fiore Pina , Valeria Rosati Maria , Fiaschetti Maria , Casale Teodorico , Anzelmo Vincenza , Tomei Francesco , Monti Carlo
Published: March 2008

The aim of this study is to evaluate if the occupational exposure to urban stressor could cause alterations in dopamine (DA) plasma levels and related diseases in traffic police officers compared to a control group. After excluding subjects with principal confounding factors, 306 traffic police officers (139 female and 167 male) and 301 controls (134 female and 167 male) were included in the study. In traffic police officers, mean DA values were significantly higher compared with controls ( P = 0.006 and P = 0.000 in male and female, respectively). The distribution of DA values in traffic police officers and controls was significant ( P = 0.000 and P = 0.000 in male and female, respectively). The number of male traffic police officers with a positive response to the questionnaire's items concerning anxiety, depression and panic attacks was higher than controls, though not significant (7.2% traffic police officers versus 4.2% controls). This difference was also not significant in female traffic police officers compared with controls. According to our previous researches on other neuro-immune-endocrine parameters, DA could be used as an early biological marker, valuable for the group to be employed in occupational sets, even before the onset of pathology. Toxicology and Industrial Health 2007; 23: 421—427.
Henry Evelyn Bliss — the other immortal, or a prophet without honour?
Authors: Broughton Vanda
Published: March 2008

The paper takes a retrospective look at the work of Henry Evelyn Bliss, classificationist theorist and author of the Bibliographic Classification. Major features of his writings and philosophy are examined and evaluated for the originality of their contribution to the corpus of knowledge in the discipline. Reactions to Bliss's work are analysed, as is his influence on classification theory of the 20th century. Contemporary work on knowledge organization is seen to continue a number of strands from Bliss's original writings. His standing as a classificationist is compared with that of Ranganathan, with the conclusion that he is not given the credit he deserves.
Fron `Settlement' to `Integration'
Authors: Vaiou Dina , Stratigaki Maria
Published: March 2008

In recent European literature on migration, two main trends characterize the ways in which migrants are increasingly portrayed. The first tends to define migrants in terms of their belonging to `communities' while, in the second trend, migrants and refugees epitomize ideas of diaspora and hybridity, as resistance to constructions of place-bound `communities'. In the context of these trends, women migrants hold ambivalent positions as particular `others'. In our article, we attempt to problematize the `purity' of these approaches. Based on research with Albanian migrant women in Athens, we examine the ways in which they construct very local, but also transnational and imagined communities while they seek to settle and find ways of integrating in the new setting. Using material from focus groups and biographical interviews with women migrants, as well as with women employers, we discuss: (a) the importance of informal practices of support and assistance at the neighbourhood level; and (b) the role of social services (health and child care), as they affect migrant women's efforts to negotiate a place for themselves and their dependents, to forge a sense of belonging and redefine communities and gender relations.
Plastic Deformation of Bicrystals Within Continuum Dislocation Theory
Authors: Kochmann D.M. , Le K.C.
Published: March 2008

Within continuum dislocation theory the plastic deformation of bicrystals under plane strain constrained shear is considered. An analytical solution is found in the symmetric case (for twins) which exhibits the energetic and dissipative thresholds for dislocation nucleation, the Bauschinger translational work hardening, and the size effect. Similar features hold true also for the numerical solution in the general case.
Toward a Morality of Materiality
Authors: Wilford Justin
Published: March 2008

The growing interest in materiality in cultural studies, sociology, anthropology, and geography, sometimes referred to as “new materialism,” seems to have left little room for normative questions and concerns. Although such research has explored the role of materiality in normative projects, attention to the normative quality of the material itself is lacking. This article argues that Adorno's theory of the primacy of the object provides materiality research with a theoretical foundation for exploring the normative power of the material object itself. By incorporating the theory of the primacy of the object with the theoretical insights of new materialism, this article will demonstrate not only how Adorno's theory can benefit current research on materiality but also how this research expands the way Adorno's supposedly elitist theories can be applied.
Aldehydes and BTEX Measurements and Exposures in University Libraries in Strasbourg (France)
Authors: Allou L. , Marchand C. , Mirabel Ph. , Le Calvé S.
Published: March 2008

Aldehydes and BTEX concentrations were measured in 20 university libraries in Strasbourg (east of France) using Radiello passive sampling systems containing either DNPH or activated charcoal for aldehydes and BTEX, respectively. For the aldehydes, the conventional DNPH-derivatization method was used, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to UV detection while the BTEX were quantified by GC-PID. Aldehydes levels found inside the libraries ranged from 8.6 to 94.5 μg · m×3 for formaldehyde, 3.7 to 25.9 μg · m-3 for acetaldehyde, 2.1 to 58.8 μg · m-3 for hexanal, 0.2 to 5.3 μg · m-3 for benzaldehyde, and 0.7 to 16.3 μg · m-3 for propionaldehyde. Their mean values are 28.6± 18.8 μg · m-3 (formaldehyde), 10.2 ± 5.8 μg · m-3 (acetaldehyde) and 15.1 ± 12.1 μg · m-3 (hexanal), 1.1 ±1.1 for benzaldehyde and 2.8 ±3.3 for propionaldehyde, where the quoted errors correspond to 1σ level. Total BTEX concentrations were quantified in the same libraries and were usually relatively low (<20 μg · m -3) in all libraries, except for one where unusually high values (~295 μg · m-3) were found. Excluding this latter, the means BTEX concentrations were (in units of μg · m-3): 0.2 ±0.2 (benzene), 3.8 ±2.6 (toluene), 0.8 ±0.5 (ethyl benzene), 1.9 ± 1.2 (m- and p-xylenes), and 0.5 ±0.4 (o -xylene), where the quoted errors correspond again to 1σ.
The Archaeology of Stakeholding and Social Justice
Authors: Cunliffe John , Erreygers Guido
Published: March 2008

In a few years around 1850, three little known Belgian writers put forward strikingly similar proposals on property regimes. Their prescriptions followed from a core belief that just property regimes should respect the natural right entitlement of each person to some share of material resources. Insofar as an unregulated market economy could not meet that criterion, the state should intervene to secure it. These proposals had little impact at the time, either intellectually or politically, and fell into obscurity. Nevertheless, they can be seen as a contribution to a distinctively Belgian school of 'liberal socialism', which sought to develop an intermediate position between the extremes of liberalism and socialism. In this respect, the proposals strikingly anticipated present-day controversies over stakeholding, even if much of that history was unknown to current advocates of the idea until after they had put forward their own proposals.
Locke, Waldron and the Moral Status of 'Crooks'
Authors: Kingston Rebecca
Published: March 2008

This article provides an assessment of Jeremy Waldron's arguments (in God, Locke and Equality and his subsequent 'Response to Critics') that Locke provides us with a compelling version of liberal equality. A close examination of the case of the criminally convicted in The Second Treatise shows how Locke's commitment to the principle of equality is compromised. This is revealed in part through recourse to contextualist considerations. This leads to the suggestion that Waldron's principled rejection of contextualist approaches to the history of political ideas can lead to a distorted understanding. It also suggests a need for a more thorough consideration of how a substantive principle of moral equality should apply in the field of criminal justice and in liberal democracy more generally.
Public Opinion and Smoke-Free Laws
Authors: Rayens Mary Kay , Hahn Ellen J. , Langley Ronald E. , Hedgecock Susan , Butler Karen M. , Greathouse-Maggio Lisa
Published: March 2008

Public support for Lexington-Fayette County, Kentucky's smoke-free law, perception of health risks from exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), smoking behaviors, and frequency of visiting restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues were assessed pre- and post-law. Two cohorts of noninstitutionalized adults (N = 2,146) were randomly selected and invited to participate in a 10- to 15-min telephone survey. Public support for the smoke-free law increased from 56% to 63%, and respondents were 1.3 times more likely to perceive SHS exposure as a health risk after the law took effect. Although adult smoking and home smoking policy did not change post-law, adults frequented public venues at least as much as before the law. Lexington adults favored the smoke-free legislation despite living in a traditionally protobacco climate. The smokefree law acted as a public health intervention as it increased perception of risk of heart disease and cancer from SHS exposure.
Outcomes With Stroke and Lateropulsion: A Case-Matched Controlled Study
Authors: Babyar Suzanne R. , White Halina , Shafi Neelofer , Reding Michael
Published: March 2008

Background and Objective . Lateropulsion after stroke has not been tracked using a case-matched controlled study and a standardized lateropulsion scale. Matched pairs of patients with stroke, with and without lateropulsion, were compared for functional outcomes and discharge destination following inpatient rehabilitation. Methods. A retrospective chart review of patients with ischemic stroke at an inpatient rehabilitation hospital matched 36 pairs of patients with versus without lateropulsion. Scores of 2 or greater on the Burke Lateropulsion Scale identified lateropulsion. Matching criteria were side of stroke, sex, age, admission motor Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and interval poststroke. FIM efficiency (change in total FIM/length of stay) and discharge destination were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests. Results. FIM efficiency and discharge FIM scores were lower in the lateropulsion group. Groups had similar mean lengths of stay. Post-hoc analyses showed that only patients with lateropulsion and right brain damage had significantly different FIM efficiency and discharge FIM scores. Lower extremity weakness was greater in the lateropulsion group at discharge; patients with right brain damage accounted for this difference. Patients with lateropulsion required more dependent living situations at discharge, especially if they had right brain damage. Conclusions. Patients with lateropulsion following stroke have a lower FIM efficiency and more dependency at discharge when compared with matched controls with equal functional limitations. Secondary analyses show worse outcomes for the subgroup of patients with right hemisphere stroke; lateropulsion and greater leg weakness may account for differences. Patients with lateropulsion may require longer rehabilitation to reach outcome goals.
Hereditary spastic paraplegia, bipolar affective disorder and intellectual disability
Authors: Whitty Marie , Kelly Fionnuala , Ramsay Louis
Published: March 2008

This is a case report of a gentleman with an intellectual impairment who presented with both hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSD) and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), a combination that has not yet been described in the professional literature. A limited number of articles have suggested an association between HSP and an organic personality disorder. We describe the case of a gentleman who was diagnosed with BPAD in his early adult life and displayed neurological symptoms of HSP at around the same time. Diagnosis of both HSP and BPAD can be difficult and is further compounded by an intellectual impairment. Treatment options may be limited by the propensity of many psychotropic medications to cause movement disorders and thus worsening neurological symptoms.
The integrity of a lamin-B1-dependent nucleoskeleton is a fundamental determinant of RNA synthesis in human cells
Authors: Tang Chi W. , Maya-Mendoza Apolinar , Martin Catherine , Zeng Kang , Chen Songbi , Feret Dorota , Wilson Stuart A. , Jackson Dean A.
Published: March 2008

Spatial organisation of nuclear compartments is an important regulator of chromatin function, yet the molecular principles that maintain nuclear architecture remain ill-defined. We have used RNA interference to deplete key structural nuclear proteins, the nuclear lamins. In HeLa cells, we show that reduced expression of lamin B1, but not lamin A/C, severely inhibits RNA synthesis – first by RNA polymerase II and later by RNA polymerase I. Declining levels of transcription correlate with different morphological changes in major nuclear compartments, nucleoli and nuclear speckles. Ultimately, nuclear changes linked to the loss of synthetic activity result in expansion of the inter-chromatin domain and corresponding changes in the structure and spatial organisation of chromosome territories, which relocate towards the nuclear periphery. These results show that a lamin B1-containing nucleoskeleton is required to maintain RNA synthesis and that ongoing synthesis is a fundamental determinant of global nuclear architecture in mammalian cells.
Differential trafficking of Kif5c on tyrosinated and detyrosinated microtubules in live cells
Authors: Dunn Sarah , Morrison Ewan E. , Liverpool Tanniemola B. , Molina-París Carmen , Cross Robert A. , Alonso Maria C. , Peckham Michelle
Published: March 2008

Kinesin-1 is a molecular transporter that trafficks along microtubules. There is some evidence that kinesin-1 targets specific cellular sites, but it is unclear how this spatial regulation is achieved. To investigate this process, we used a combination of in vivo imaging of kinesin heavy-chain Kif5c (an isoform of kinesin-1) fused to GFP, in vitro analyses and mathematical modelling. GFP-Kif5c fluorescent puncta localised to a subset of microtubules in live cells. These puncta moved at speeds of up to 1 μm second–1 and exchanged into cortically labelled clusters at microtubule ends. This behaviour depended on the presence of a functional motor domain, because a rigor-mutant GFP-Kif5c bound to microtubules but did not move along them. Further analysis indicated that the microtubule subset decorated by GFP-Kif5c was highly stable and primarily composed of detyrosinated tubulin. In vitro motility assays showed that the motor domain of Kif5c moved detyrosinated microtubules at significantly lower velocities than tyrosinated (unmodified) microtubules. Mathematical modelling predicted that a small increase in detyrosination would bias kinesin-1 occupancy towards detyrosinated microtubules. These data suggest that kinesin-1 preferentially binds to and trafficks on detyrosinated microtubules in vivo, providing a potential basis for the spatial targeting of kinesin-1-based cargo transport.
Aggregating TiO2 (B) Nanowires to Porous Basketry-like Microspheres and Their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Zhang Xiwang , Pan Jia Hong , Du Alan Jianhong , Lee Pei Fung , Sun Darren Delai , Leckie James O
Published: March 2008

Porous basketry-like TiO2 (B) microspheres consisting of nanowires were fabricated via hydrothermal and spray-drying process. The calcined microspheres exhibited effective photocatalytic performance on photodegradation of organic pollutant. In addition, it was very easy to recycle the TiO2 (B) nanowire microspheres for reuse.
The Salesperson as Outside Agent or Employee: A Transaction Cost Analysis
Authors: Anderson Erin
Published: March 2008

This descriptive study explores the reasons for integration of the personal selling function, i.e., the use of employee (“direct”) salespeople rather than manufacturers' representatives (“reps”). A hypothesized model is developed based on both transaction cost analysis and the sales force management literature. Data from 13 electronic component manufacturers covering 159 U.S. sales districts are used to estimate a logistic model of the probability of “going direct” in a given district. Results are shown to be stable across specification and estimation methods and to fit the data well. The transaction cost model is generally supported. The principal finding is that the greater the difficulty of evaluating a salesperson's performance, the more likely the firm to substitute surveillance for commission as a control mechanism, i.e., to use a direct sales force. Among other findings, direct sales forces are also associated with complex, hard-to-learn product lines and with districts that demand considerable nonselling activities. Several factors prove unrelated, including company size, the amount of travel a district requires, and the importance of key accounts.

This article was originally published in Marketing Science, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 234–254, in 1985.
Rationalisation of the pre-analytical and analytical processes of serological infection diagnostics by the use of modular automated systems / Rationalisierung präanalytischer und analytischer Prozesse für die serologische Infektionsdiagnostik mit Hilfe automatischer Systeme
Authors: Schuller Annette , Kurt Roth W.
Published: March 2008

While in large clinical laboratories the implementation of total laboratory automation is continuously proceeding, this concept is mostly not suitable for small- and middle-sized laboratories or for testing laboratories of blood donation services due to costs and required space. For these facilities, however, a rational level of automation can be achieved by the installation of stand-alone work cells for pre-analytical and selected analytical processes. In this review, the features of some automated pre-analytical sample processing systems and automated systems for the serological testing for infectious diseases are described exemplarily and compared with each other. The major advantages of automated systems, compared to a solely manual workflow, are described. Essential factors which have to be considered for making the choice for an appropriate automated system are pointed out.
Luminescence and decay times Eu(III) and Nd(III) in polymer electrolytes
Authors: Carlos L. D. , Assunção M.
Published: March 2008

Time-resolved spectroscopy of poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO) and poly(propylene) oxide (PPO) electrolytes containing different concentrations of Eu3+ and Nd3+ ions is reported. A description of the main luminescence features of the Nd3+ electrolytes is also presented. Lifetimes regarding the main transitions of the luminescence spectra (5D0 → 7F1,2 and 4D3/2 → 4I11/2 for Eu3+ and Nd3+, respectively) are determined and are presented as a function of temperature in the range of 13 to 310 K. The order of magnitude of the values obtained at room temperature (0.2–0.6 ms and ≈0.7 ms for Eu3+ and Nd3+, respectively) is a further indication of the technological potential of these new polymeric materials. For the Eu3+ ion the thermally activated quenching of the 5D0 → 7F2 luminescence is discussed in terms of the observed energy superposition between the 5D0,1 levels and the ligands-to-metal charge-transfer states.
Knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy amongst students in the health area: intervention aimed at enlightenment
Authors: Tedrus Glória Maria A.S. , Fonseca Lineu Corrêa , Vieira Ana Lídia da Câmara
Published: March 2008

It is known that there is a lack of knowledge about epilepsy amongst the population in general, with consequent prejudice and discrimination towards epileptic patients. Considering the importance of health professionals in the diffusion of knowledge about this neurological condition, the objective of the present study was to evaluate modifications in the knowledge and attitudes of students in the health area with respect to epilepsy, after an intervention including the presentation of specific audio-visual material and a discussion on the basic aspects of epilepsy. Simple self-administered questionnaires were applied to one hundred and sixteen health area students before and after the session of enlightenment. After the session there was significant (p<0.05) improvement in answers to different questions about etiology, epidemiology, education, work, and attitude during the seizure. The results suggest the need to include a routine low complexity educational activity in the curriculum of various courses in the health area.
A novel missense mutation pattern of the GCH1 gene in dopa-responsive dystonia
Authors: Scola Rosana H. , Carducci Carla , Amaral Vanise G. , Lorenzoni Paulo J. , Teive Helio A.G. , Giovanniello Teresa , Werneck Lineu C.
Published: March 2008

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is an inherited metabolic disorder now classified as DYT5 with two different biochemical defects: autosomal dominant GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) deficiency or autosomal recessive tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency. We report the case of a 10-years-old girl with progressive generalized dystonia and gait disorder who presented dramatic response to levodopa. The phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio was significantly higher after phenylalanine loading test. This condition had two different heterozygous mutations in the GCH1 gene: the previously reported P23L mutation and a new Q182E mutation. The characteristics of the DRD and the molecular genetic findings are discussed.
True neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome in a competitive swimmer: a case report of this rare association
Authors: Almeida Diogo Fraxino de , Meyer Richard D. , Oh Shin J.
Published: March 2008

True neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is an uncommon disorder despite of be a frequent reason for referral to the EMG laboratories. We describe the second case in the literature of true TOS in a competitive swimmer with progressive weakness and severe atrophy of the left thenar eminence. EMG showed lower trunk plexopathy. X-ray and MRI of the cervical spine and brachial plexus were normal. Surgical exploration evidenced the lower trunk retracted and pulled by a fibrous band. It was excised and neurolysis of the plexus was done with gradual improvement of function. We discuss the possible pathophysiology of this association.