bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Globalization
Authors: Segal‐Horn Susan
Published: January 2015

In economic terms, “global” is about
linkages
: across the world economy; across countries; across industries; and how companies integrate their operations across countries worldwide. However, in strategy terms it is industries and markets that globalize, not countries. When an industry globalizes it undergoes structural shifts, so the organizations within it find that their position in one country is significantly affected by their position in another country. Five factors have been the dominant drivers of change from local to global industry structures: cultural homogenization and the convergence of markets; economies of scale and scope; technological developments; deregulation and the lowering of trade barriers; and strong international competitors. Globalization has had a great impact on the structure of local markets around the world. This has led to criticism and opposition and the growth of antiglobalization protests. Globalization is reversible. The spread of globalization has been driven by technological development and deregulation. It can be blocked in the same way: by increasing regionalism and protectionism. Despite early views that globalization was about global standardization, this is not what has occurred. Few companies or industries lend themselves to “naive” global strategies. These require some degree of adaptation to regional and national conditions. There are almost no standard global products or services. Instead there are similar products or services with a standard core, but adapted elements that are adapted to meet the expectations of different consumers in different markets in different parts of the world.
Sunk Cost
Authors: Powell Taman
Published: January 2015

Sunk costs are costs that have occurred and are not recoverable. An example of sunk costs could be advertising or research and development expense.
Guanxi
Authors: Luo Yadong , Guo Guangrui
Published: January 2015

Guanxi, a Chinese concept, refers to drawing on connections in order to secure favors in personal relations. It differs from the western concept of networking or friendship. In this note, we explain the nature, principles, and characteristics of guanxi. We also demystify the economic rationale and the business functions of guanxi. Finally, we introduce several theoretical frameworks to explain the guanxi‐performance link and summarize some seminal empirical results on this topic.
Strategic Leadership
Authors: Hooijberg Robert , Lane Nancy
Published: January 2015

Strategic leadership is about translating an organization's vision into reality. Most of the research in this area has emphasized the characteristics and interpersonal skills leaders need to accomplish this translation. But this research has largely ignored what we call “instrumental leadership,” which instead focuses on developing and deploying organizational resources to support a consistent implementation of the organization's vision. These organizational resources include, but are not limited to, budget allocation processes, human resource deployment, and investment and divestment decisions. We briefly review some key definitions of strategic leadership, point out some of their weaknesses, and offer instrumental leadership as a concept that overcomes those weaknesses.
Business History
Authors: Hoskin Keith
Published: January 2015

Business history in modern form begins with Alfred Chandler who constructs as a new object of analysis “administrative coordination.” Historical work today follows his breakthrough in tracing the effects and expansion of this object of analysis in the spread of the multiunit enterprise, of economies grounded in “imperfect competition and misallocation of resources,” and of interplays between strategizing subjects in the coordinative force‐field (e.g., as managers vs. owners, as cooperative alliances and cartels, in the construction of “the customer”). Additionally, research now has global geographical scope, and incorporates the study of such issues as gender, ethnicity, and elite formation, while deepening the studies of business functions, of the growth of management knowledge and education, and of business–government relations. Radical theorizing also proliferates on both managerial and antimanagerial sides of current debates. The possibility emerges of new horizons for thinking the relations of business history to strategic management. One such horizon involves thinking “administrative coordination” as object of analysis alongside Michel Foucault's newly discovered focus on “governmental management.” We wait to see if or when such rethinkings may shift the boundaries of business history and strategy discourses in the way that Chandler did.
Game Theory
Authors: Hussain Sayed A.
Published: January 2015

This article reviews basic elements of game theory such as Nash equilibrium, simultaneous and sequential move games, Prisoner's dilemma games, and pure and mixed strategies.
Knowledge Management
Authors: Powell Taman
Published: January 2015

Knowledge management refers to the tools and techniques that organizations employ to manage knowledge, which in‐line with the knowledge‐based view, is seen as a critical resource for modern organizations.
Technology Evolution
Authors: Rosenbloom Joshua L.
Published: January 2015

Technology refers to the techniques by which inputs of labor, capital, and natural resources are transformed into outputs, and technology evolution is the process by which the relationship between inputs and outputs changes over time. Technology evolution is by far the most important cause of improvement in the material standard of living. Although technology has evolved throughout human history it is only since the Industrial Revolution that sustained technological evolution has been achieved. Many scholars would argue that sustained technological advance is the defining characteristic of modern capitalist economies. After a brief discussion of the consequences and history of technology evolution this chapter provides an overview of the cause of technology evolution, how new technologies diffuse into wider use, the tendency of technology to evolve in a path dependent manner, and the factors encouraging and inhibiting the transfer of technology between regions and countries.
Technological Transition: S‐curve or Step‐and‐Wait
Authors: Sood Ashish , Tellis Gerard
Published: January 2015

This entry encompasses Technology S‐Curve that describes the phenomenon of technological evolution and suggests that technologies evolve through an initial period of slow growth, followed by one of fast growth culminating in a plateau. The field does not enjoy a single, strong, and unified theory of technological evolution. However, an emerging, and probably the most compelling explanation, revolves around the dynamics of firms and researchers as the technology evolves through the three major stages of the S‐curve of technological evolution: introduction, growth, and maturity. Recent empirical findings suggest there is sparse support for the theory. In contrast to the dominant view in the literature, the path of technological evolution does not resemble an S‐curve. On the contrary, path of technological evolution follow a series of irregular step functions better approximated with multiple S‐curves than a single S‐curve.
Technology Forecasting
Authors: Russell Steve
Published: January 2015

Technology changes in response to inventions, desires, and market conditions.
Disruptive Technology
Authors: Danneels Erwin
Published: January 2015

A disruptive technology is a specific type of technological innovation.
Financing Technology and Innovation
Authors: Robak Patricia
Published: January 2015

Innovation is the key element to economic progress.
Technological Characteristics of Industries
Authors: Carolis Donna Marie De
Published: January 2015

Competing in the twenty‐first century mandates that managers understand current technological trends and devise strategies based on future technological trajectories.
Competitive Dynamics in High‐Technology Industries
Authors: Mudambi Ram , Swift Tim
Published: January 2015

Competition may be the most important determinant of firm performance.
Sources of Innovation
Authors: Darroch Jenny , Miles Morgan P.
Published: January 2015

This paper adapts and updates Drucker's work on the sources of innovation offering a framework that includes cycling between demand and supply side perspectives or innovation.
New‐Product Development Innovation and Commercialization Processes
Authors: Griffin Abbie
Published: January 2015

Much new‐product development (NPD) research over the last two decades has focused on improving the “process” of NPD.
Intellectual Property Strategy at the Firm Level
Authors: Jelinek Mariann
Published: January 2015

Intellectual Property is a knowledge‐based creation whose ownership is formally recognized by a nation or international legal system. Patents and copyrights assert the holder's right to exploit the creation. Firms' IP holdings, and their approaches to managing those holdings are critical strategic considerations.
Innovation Teams
Authors: Barczak Gloria
Published: January 2015

Teams are increasingly being used for innovation and new product development. This article discusses the nature of two types of innovation teams and their advantages and disadvantages. Considerations that need to be made with regard to team size, diversity, and proximity are also deliberated. This is followed by a discussion of how to create effective teams: select members with appropriate functional and interpersonal characteristics, foster communication and cooperation, and provide appropriate rewards. This article concludes with the different roles that team leaders need to play to facilitate team effectiveness.
Understanding Customer Needs
Authors: Griffin Abbie
Published: January 2015

Successful new products that contribute to firm success are those that solve important problems for some set of customers, at a price that delivers value to the customers and profit to the firm. Thus, primary to achieving new product success is the ability to understand customer problems. This chapter defines what customer needs are (and are not), and presents three techniques for understanding them.
The Front End of Innovation in Large Established Firms
Authors: Koen Peter A. , Bertels Heidi M. J.
Published: January 2015

Innovation in large established firms may be broadly divided into three areas: the front end of innovation (also known as fuzzy front end or predevelopment), the new‐product development process, and commercialization.
Evolution of China's National Innovation System and its Challenges In Technological Development
Authors: Hu Mei‐Chih , Mathews John A.
Published: January 2015

This article utilized the data available in the various national and international science and technology (S&T) databases that combine firm‐level, industry‐level, and country‐level observations to examine the progress and processes involved in China's national innovation system over the last 20 years.
National Innovation System in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Ta‐Jung , Wann Jong‐Wen
Published: January 2015

Taiwan's NIS development began from 1957 and has established a system, over the last five decades, incorporating governmental, academic, and industrial players. The science and technology (S&T) policies are determined and the performance are reviewed by the National S&T Conference, held every four years, and the Executive Yuan is responsible for implementing the policies with the S&T Advisory Group as the executing body. The White Paper on S&T, published by the National Science Council and approved at the Conference of the Executive Yuan, reports the policies and actions on enhancing government S&T organization's efficiency, training human resources, improving the quality of academic research, increasing scientific research funding, encouraging innovative R&D activity. Taiwan's NIS has significantly raised the quality and capability of S&T of both the academia and industry to deliver outstanding performance.
The Indian Innovation System
Authors: Krishnan Rishikesha T.
Published: January 2015

The evolution of the Indian Innovation System is best understood in two phases – the first from Indian independence in 1947 till about 1990 (the “self‐reliance” phase); and the second from 1991 to the present (the deregulation phase).
National Innovation System of Ireland
Authors: Cunningham James A. , Golden William
Published: January 2015

This article deals with three elements of the Irish National Innovation System namely structures, performance and challenges. The paper begins by outlining the policy context and then focuses on technology trajectories and institutional structures and evolution. In focusing on outputs of the national innovation system key indicators are outlined as well as technology commercialisation initiatives. The paper concludes by outlining the strengths and weaknesses in the Irish National Innovation system and four cultural drivers – entrepreneurship, interconnectedness, responsive policy and education – the have driven it evolution.
Usa's National Innovation System
Authors: Simons Kenneth L. , Walls Judith L.
Published: January 2015

The United States of America (US) has been heralded as the world's premier engine of technological advance. However, recent criticisms suggest that its technological advance may slow down causing economic decline relative to other nations. An examination of the US institutions supporting research and development (R&D) and innovation, and how those institutions have changed over time, shows that the US national innovation system is robust, but that failures to invest in science and technology, education, and technologies that keep the US industrial base competitive create major challenges for the future if the United States is to remain a leading nation in the creation of technologies and in the global economy. Specific sections address R&D incentives, government support, mix of entrepreneurial and large‐firm capitalism, breadth of US technology, R&D‐performing and ‐supporting institutions, the history of US innovation policy, state programs, recent policy initiatives, future innovation concerns, culture, education, immigration, and patent and copyright law. The entry contains figures and tables with data on development, applied, and basic research trends; federal R&D by agency; R&D expenditure trends by performers and funding sources; industry‐specific R&D performance; state‐specific R&D; patenting trends by sector; article output; imports and exports; and VC.
University–Industry–Government Relationships
Authors: Olk Paul , Johnston Van R.
Published: January 2015

Central to a country's innovation system is the relationship among universities, industrial companies and government agencies.
University Licensing
Authors: Olk Paul , Chen Bing
Published: January 2015

The industrial organization (I/O) view of strategy assumes that the external environment determines the actions a firm can deploy. The implication of the I/O model for strategic management is that firms identify and seek to operate in environments that provide the best opportunities for competitiveness and profitability. The main concerns of the I/O model are the four industry structures of perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly. The strategic conduct of the firm revolves around policies (such as maximization or optimization of profit levels, growth, sales and marginal utility), pricing objectives (cost‐plus, marginal cost, entry‐deterring price, collusive pricing, price leadership and price discrimination), marketing strategies and advertising, and the extent of innovation and technical change. When measuring performance, strategists and economists focus on profitability, efficiency, product quality and technical progress. The limitations of the I/O model arise from the occurrence of the four underlying assumptions of the theory regarding the effects of the environment of strategy, the homogeneity of resources, capabilities and strategic intent. The assumptions of I/O theory have been challenged by the opposing view of strategy, the resource based view of the firm.
Process Innovation
Authors: Abecassis‐Moedas Céline , Oliveira Pedro
Published: January 2015

Innovation is not only the act of creating new things (products/services) and creating them differently (processes) but also a matter of creative setting (market positioning and business model). In particular, process innovation is considered to be the key to a firm's operational efficiency. This article surveys the literature on process innovation through a multidimensional method, exploring the interplay between these three diverse types of innovation. It also presents manufacturing and service process innovation, mass customization, and the relationship between process innovation and performance as the four pillars of the reviewed concept. As an illustrative approach was adopted, each is illustrated with case studies.
User Innovation
Authors: Oliveira Pedro , Mendonça Joana
Published: January 2015

Traditionally, innovation has been viewed as driven by the producers of products and the providers of services.
Sustainability as a Guiding Paradigm for Prosperity
Authors: Spatari Sabrina , Kohl Paul M.
Published: January 2015

The level of prosperity present in today's society is strongly linked to an economic system that has a high level of resource consumption and activities, including services that generate waste.
Parking Manoeuvres Differ among Drivers with Narrower and Wider Field of View in the Presence of a Spatial Reference
Authors: Douissembekov Evgueni , Navarro Jordan , Michael George A. , Bonhoure Patrick , Gabaude Catherine , Rogé Joceline
Published: January 2015

Parking manoeuvring was studied in a driving simulator. Younger and older participants were classified according to the extent of their visual and attentional fields of view. The manoeuvres were made either in the presence of a spatial reference on the adjacent pavement (a pedestrian or a parking meter) or with no reference. It was found that the length of manoeuvres varied only among younger drivers depending on the type of spatial reference and the extent of their visual and attentional fields. The participants with wider fields took advantage of the presence of a pedestrian or a parking meter, whereas those with a narrower field of view did not. Furthermore, the individuals with a narrower field of view were disturbed by the presence of a pedestrian on the pavement. This study provides new information to consider in relation to the safety of manoeuvring among drivers with different visual and attentional capacities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased risk of severe vaso‐occlusive episodes after initial acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell anemia less than 4 years old: Sleep and asthma cohort
Authors: Vance Leah D. , Rodeghier Mark , Cohen Robyn T. , Rosen Carol L. , Kirkham Fenella J. , Strunk Robert C. , DeBaun Michael R.
Published: January 2015

Previous studies have shown that the highest incidence of acute chest syndrome (ACS) in sickle cell disease occurs in children <4 years old, and a history of ACS at this age is a risk factor for future ACS episodes. However, the interval associated with the highest risk of subsequent ACS or severe pain is not known. Through this mixed retrospective‐prospective observational study, the Sleep and Asthma Cohort, we sought to determine the interval after an initial ACS episode during which the majority of children <4 years old are rehospitalized for ACS or severe pain. The cumulative prevalence of rehospitalization for ACS or severe pain within 6 months, 1 years, and 2 years was calculated for children with an initial ACS episode <4 years old and compared to children with an initial ACS episode ≥4 years old. A total of 44.8% and 55.2% of participants had an initial ACS episode <4 years and ≥4 years old (Range: 4–17.7 years), respectively. At 1 year following the initial ACS episode, children <4 years old had a significantly higher cumulative prevalence of rehospitalizations for ACS or pain as compared to children ≥4 years of age, 62.5 and 39.1%, respectively (P = 0.009). After initial ACS episodes, the majority of children <4 years old will be rehospitalized for ACS or severe pain within one year, suggesting the need for a therapeutic intervention for this high‐risk group. Am. J. Hematol. 90:371–375, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of diamine structure on the low temperature dielectric relaxation of some poly(ether imide)s
Authors: Eastmond Geoffrey C. , Paprotny John , Pethrick Richard A. , Santamaria‐Mendia Fernan
Published: January 2015

Broadband dielectric relaxation spectra are reported on a range of poly(ether imide) polymers in which the chemical structure of the diamine used to create the polymer is systematically varied with the anhydride structure based on 2,2‐bis‐[4‐(3′,4′‐dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoroisopropylidine dianhydride. In all the polymers examined, a dipole relaxation was observed below room temperature. The magnitude and activation energy associated with the relaxation process varied with the chemical structure reflecting the effects of steric hindrance on the conformational change associated with the NC and COC linkages. Values of the activation energies varied between 29 and 34 kJ/mol−1, and are consistent with the observed relaxation being associated with constrained local oscillatory motions of small elements of the polymer backbone. The glass transition temperatures of these polymers are in the range 195–243°C and are associated with the large scale motion of the polymer backbone. Changes in the backbone structure influence the extent of inter chain–chain interaction and are reflected in the amplitude of the relaxation process and the high frequency limiting dielectric permittivity ε∞ values which are important when these polymers are used in thin film electronic applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41684.
Evaluation of strategies to control Fab light chain dimer during mammalian expression and purification: A universal one‐step process for purification of correctly assembled Fab
Authors: Spooner Jennifer , Keen Jenny , Nayyar Kalpana , Birkett Neil , Bond Nicholas , Bannister David , Tigue Natalie , Higazi Daniel , Kemp Benjamin , Vaughan Tristan , Kippen Alistair , Buchanan Andrew
Published: January 2015

Fabs are an important class of antibody fragment as both research reagents and therapeutic agents. There are a plethora of methods described for their recombinant expression and purification. However, these do not address the issue of excessive light chain production that forms light chain dimers nor do they describe a universal purification strategy. Light chain dimer impurities and the absence of a universal Fab purification strategy present persistent challenges for biotechnology applications using Fabs, particularly around the need for bespoke purification strategies. This study describes methods to address light chain dimer formation during Fab expression and identifies a novel CH1 affinity resin as a simple and efficient one‐step purification for correctly assembled Fab. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1472–1477. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal depression and anxiety linked to chronic disabling fatigue at age 13
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2015

Chronic disabling fatigue, known as chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), can prevent school attendance and other activities, including hobbies and sports. Researchers looked at the effect of maternal and paternal factors and found that when the mother had anxiety or depression when the child was under age 6, there was an increased likelihood of developing chronic disabling fatigue by age 13. In general, the prevalence rate for CFS/ME is .1% to 2.4%.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Properties and Singular Phase Transitions of Metallic Pr0.50Sr0.50CoO3 Cobaltite.
Authors: Padilla‐Pantoja Jessica , Garcia‐Munoz Jose Luis , Bozzo Bernat , Jirak Zdenek , Herrero‐Martin Javier
Published: January 2015

Two successive magnetic transitions of Pr0.50Sr0.50CoO3 contrast with the single ferromagnetic transition in other Ln0.50Sr0.50CoO3 compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Mercury (I) Nitroprusside: A 2D Structure Supported on Homometallic Interactions.
Authors: Osiry H. , Cano A. , Reguera L. , Lemus‐Santana A. A. , Reguera E.
Published: January 2015

Hg2[Fe(CN)5NO]·2H2O is precipitated from a 1:2 solution of Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] and HgNO3 followed by natural aging in the mother liquor (3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanide Orthoantimonate Light Emitters: Structural, Vibrational, and Optical Properties.
Authors: Siqueira Kisla P. F. , Lima Patricia P. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Carlos Luis D. , Bittar Eduardo M. , Granado Eduardo , Gonzalez Juan Carlos , Abelenda Arturo , Moreira Roberto L. , Dias Anderson
Published: January 2015

LnSbO4 (Ln: all lanthanides except Ce, Pm) are prepared via calcination of stoichiometric mixtures of Ln2O3 (Pr6O11, Tb4O7) and Sb2O3 (no experimental data).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of a Novel Yellowish‐Pink Emissive Long Persistent Luminescence Phosphor Cd2GeO4:Pr3+.
Authors: Jin Yahong , Hu Yihua , Chen Ren , Fu Yinrong , Ju Guifang , Mu Zhongfei , Lin Jun , Wang Zhonghua , Xue Feihong , Zhang Qi
Published: January 2015

Pr3+‐doped Cd2GeO4 phosphors are prepared via calcination of stoichiometric amounts of CdCO3, GeO2, and 0.1—5% Pr6O11 (corundum crucible, 1050 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Transition‐Metal Electride Y2C.
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Xiao Zewen , Lei Hechang , Toda Yoshitake , Matsuishi Satoru , Kamiya Toshio , Ueda Shigenori , Hosono Hideo
Published: January 2015

Polycrystalline layered Y2C with quasi‐2D anionic electrons confined in the interlayer is prepared by melting stoichiometric amounts of Y shots and C granules under Ar.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Co2P via the Reduction of Phosphate with KBH4 for Nickel‐Based Rechargeable Batteries.
Authors: Wang Yaping , Wang Yijing , Li Huanhuan , Liu Zongtao , Zhang Lili , Jiang Haobin , Zhou Ming , Li Baojia , Ren Naifei
Published: January 2015

Nanocrystalline Co2P metalloid is prepared as anode material for Ni/Co secondary batteries by reduction of a Co‐based phosphate with KBH4 (600 °C, 0.5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Ullmann‐Type C‐Heteroatom Couplings under Practical Conditions.
Authors: Gueell Imma , Ribas Xavi
Published: January 2015

This ligand free, cheap, and straightforward method gives access to amides, ethers, and amines under practical conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Alkenes to α,β‐Enones.
Authors: Cui Lingyun , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: January 2015

The first example of the enantioselective conjugate addition of alkenes to enones, catalyzed by chiral primary amines are reported.The reaction is enabled by chiral primary amines through a typical iminium ion cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of 1,3‐Dienes by Visible Light Photocatalysis.
Authors: Hurtley Anna E. , Lu Zhan , Yoon Tehshik P.
Published: January 2015

A modular synthesis of the natural product epiraikovenal (XI) is also shown by using the title reaction as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles from Azide‐Derivatised Aminocyclitols by Catalytic Diazo Transfer and CuAAC Click Chemistry.
Authors: Ji Li , Zhou Guo‐Quan , Qian Chao , Chen Xin‐Zhi
Published: January 2015

Azide substituted cyclitols [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Ozone Oxidation of Silylalkenes Using a C2‐Symmetrical Dialkoxysilyl Group as a Chiral Auxiliary.
Authors: Igawa Kazunobu , Kawasaki Yuuya , Nishino Kosuke , Mitsuda Naoto , Tomooka Katsuhiko
Published: January 2015

The presented method affords α‐silylperoxy carbonyl compounds [(II) and (V)] without the formation of normal ozonolysis products using a newly designed chiral hydrosilane as auxiliary.
ChemInform Abstract: Diterpenoid Alkaloid Lappaconine Derivative Catalyzed Asymmetric α‐Hydroxylation of β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Li Zhi , Lian Mingming , Yang Fan , Meng Qingwei , Gao Zhanxian
Published: January 2015

Lappaconine derivatives are used as Broensted base catalysts for the enantioselective α‐hydroxylation of β‐dicarbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum‐Mediated Desulfurization of Thiols and Disulfides.
Authors: Wang Zhen , Kuninobu Yoichiro , Kanai Motomu
Published: January 2015

The method is applicable to a thiol‐containing steroid derivative.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Base Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of α‐Substituted β‐Enamino Esters: Facile Access to Enantioenriched β2‐Amino Esters via Dynamic Kinetic Resolution.
Authors: Shu Chang , Hu Xiao‐Yan , Li Shuai‐Shuai , Yuan Wei‐Cheng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei
Published: January 2015

The absolute configuration of the products is not determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed γ‐Selective Arylation of Zincated Boc‐Allylamines.
Authors: Millet Anthony , Baudoin Olivier
Published: January 2015

In most cases separable traces of the Z‐isomer are also found as reaction products.
ChemInform Abstract: The Ketene‐Surrogate Coupling: Catalytic Conversion of Aryl Iodides into Aryl Ketenes Through Ynol Ethers.
Authors: Zhang Wenhan , Ready Joseph M.
Published: January 2015

Compounds (I) are transformed to ketene intermediates via a Sonogashira coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithiation of a Silyl Ether: Formation of an ortho‐Fries Hydroxyketone.
Authors: Lo Hong‐Jay , Lin Chin‐Yin , Tseng Mei‐Chun , Chein Rong‐Jie
Published: January 2015

Ortho‐hydroxy amides are alkylated by LDA and chlorosilanes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Heteroaryl C—O Bonds in the Absence of Added Transition Metal Catalysts.
Authors: Walsh Katie , Sneddon Helen F. , Moody Christopher J.
Published: January 2015

A facile protocol for the base‐mediated SNAr coupling of 2‐chloropyrimidine and 2‐chloropyrazine with phenols and alcohols to produce heteroaryl ethers is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Functionalized Allylamines via Lithiated Intermediates.
Authors: Firdous Samia , Kazmaier Uli
Published: January 2015

Vinyltributylstannane (I) is alkylated by aldehydes, ketones, and cyclohexenone in the presence of BuLi.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of C—N Coupling Using Mechanochemistry: Catalytic Coupling of Arylsulfonamides and Carbodiimides.
Authors: Tan Davin , Mottillo Cristina , Katsenis Athanassios D. , Strukil Vjekoslav , Friscic Tomislav
Published: January 2015

Direct coupling of carbodiimides and sulfonamides is achieved by liquid‐assisted grinding of the substrates using small amounts of nitromethane as the grinding liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Arylating Carbocyclization of Allenynes: Control of Selectivity and Role of H2O.
Authors: Bartholomeyzik Teresa , Mazuela Javier , Pendrill Robert , Deng Youqian , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: January 2015

Highly selective protocols concerning all parameters in the transformations are necessary to get the desired unsaturated cylopentane systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of Propargyl Amines.
Authors: Lim Jeongah , Park Kyungho , Byeun Aleum , Lee Sunwoo
Published: January 2015

A facile protocol for the synthesis of a wide range of propargylamines from alkynyl carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and secondary amines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Secondary Alkyl Fluorides via Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction of 1‐Halo‐1‐fluoroalkanes.
Authors: Jiang Xiaojian , Sakthivel Sekarpandi , Kulbitski Kseniya , Nisnevich Gennady , Gandelman Mark
Published: January 2015

The title reaction is found to be very efficient for a large variety of 1‐halo‐1‐fluoroalkanes (syntheses described), where in most cases the bromo substrate is used.
ChemInform Abstract: Proline‐Tetrazole‐Catalyzed Enantioselective N‐Nitroso Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes with in situ Generated Nitrosocarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Maji Biplab , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: January 2015

MnO2 as the oxidant and catechol as a Broensted acid additive make the reaction highly successful.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of Esters to Alcohols with a Well‐Defined Iron Complex.
Authors: Werkmeister Svenja , Junge Kathrin , Wendt Bianca , Alberico Elisabetta , Jiao Haijun , Baumann Wolfgang , Junge Henrik , Gallou Fabrice , Beller Matthias
Published: January 2015

The process involves a base‐free reduction in the presence of the novel iron complex AIPC without any additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Cesium Carbonate Catalyzed Chemoselective Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes and Ketones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zhao Mengdi , Xie Weilong , Cui Chunming
Published: January 2015

The described silane mediated reduction of aldehydes and ketones is applicable to a broad scope of aliphatic and aromatic substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Chloride Mediated Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds in Aqueous Media: A Mechanistic Investigation
Authors: Jadhav B.d. , Pardeshi S. K.
Published: January 2015

the reactive species is CH2=CHCH2BiBr2
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution of Unstabilized Enolates Derived from α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Chen Ming , Hartwig John F.
Published: January 2015

The procedure can be applied to a broad spectrum of substrate types in the presence of either catalyst antipode.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Approach to N‐(Trifluoroacetyl)sulfilimines.
Authors: Gries Joerg , Krueger Jochen
Published: January 2015

The compound (VI) can be prepared as a chiral tartrate salt on a two‐kilogram‐scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Cleavage of 2‐(Arylamino)‐4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidines to Yield Arylguanidines.
Authors: Shaw Julian W. , Grayson David H. , Rozas Isabel
Published: January 2015

A novel method for the synthesis of arylguanidines (II) (13 examples), which offers an inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative to classical routes, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling of Phenylhydrazine or (Phenylsulfonyl)hydrazine.
Authors: Li Yahui , Liu Wei , Tian Qingshan , Yang Qing , Kuang Chunxiang
Published: January 2015

A novel procedure for the preparation of biaryls is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective ortho C—H Cyanation of Vinylarenes.
Authors: Yang Yang , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: January 2015

Two optimized procedures A) and B) are elaborated and applied to vinylnaphthalenes bearing various functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐, Palladium(II)‐, Platinum(II)‐, and Mercury(II)‐Catalyzed Spirocyclization of 1,3‐Enynediols: Reaction Scope.
Authors: Zhdanko Alexander , Maier Martin E.
Published: January 2015

The spirocyclization of different 1,3‐enynediols is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: DABCO‐Catalyzed Ring Opening of Activated Cyclopropanes and Recyclization Leading to γ‐Lactams with an All‐Carbon Quaternary Center.
Authors: Lin Shaoxia , Li Ling , Liang Fushun , Liu Qun
Published: January 2015

A new and efficient organocatalyzed strategy for the synthesis of γ‐lactams with an all‐carbon quaternary center is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 2‐(Perfluoroalkyl)indoles Through a Michael Addition/CuI‐Catalyzed Annulation Process.
Authors: Cao Long , Shen Dandane , Wei Jiamei , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Shi Jumei , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: January 2015

A novel one‐pot protocol is developed for the synthesis of 2‐(perfluoroalkyl)indoles via addition of 2‐haloanilines to alkynes (II) and (V) followed by copper‐catalyzed cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Carbenoid Functionalization of Indoles by Methyl 3,3,3‐Trifluoro‐2‐diazopropionate.
Authors: Tsyshchuk Irina E. , Vorobyeva Daria V. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Osipov Sergey N.
Published: January 2015

The title reaction allows the regioselective introduction of CF3 and carboxylate functions into the 2‐ or 3‐position of the indole core.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indoles by Domino Reaction of 2‐(Tosylamino)benzyl Alcohols with Furfurylamines: Two Opposite Reactivity Modes of the α‐Carbon of the Furan Ring in One Process.
Authors: Uchuskin Maxim G. , Molodtsova Natalia V. , Lysenko Sergey A. , Strel'nikov Vladimir N. , Trushkov Igor V. , Butin Alexander V.
Published: January 2015

The unusual domino reaction of substrates (I) with N‐tosylfurfurylamine (II) produces indoles (III) via sequential Friedel—Crafts alkylation, Piancatelly‐like intramolecular rearrangement, and aromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Aza‐Bridged Thiophene—Pyrrole Dyads and Their Isomers.
Authors: Furuyama Taniyuki , Noguchi Daiki , Suzuki Yuta , Kobayashi Nagao
Published: January 2015

Reaction of dicyanothiophene (IV) with 3,5‐diiminoisoindoline (II) results in an unprecedented cyclization furnishing thienopyrimidine (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal Free Domino Synthesis of 3‐Aroylindoles via Two sp3 C—H Activation.
Authors: Gogoi Anupal , Modi Anju , Guin Srimanta , Rout Saroj Kumar , Das Debapratim , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: January 2015

The first metal free synthesis of 3‐aroylindoles from o‐alkynyl‐N,N‐dialkylamines through a TBAI‐catalyzed intramolecular oxidative coupling pathway using TBHP as the oxidant is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Meerwein Carboarylation of Alkenes with Anilines: A Straightforward Approach to 3‐Benzyl‐3‐alkyloxindoles.
Authors: Tang Shi , Zhou Dong , Wang Ying‐Chun
Published: January 2015

A metal‐free carboarylation of N‐acyl‐methacrylamides and closely related substrates with anilines proceeds through radical C‐H cyclization to yield 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 5H‐Benzo[b]carbazol‐6‐yl Ketones via Sequential Reaction of Cu‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Alkylation, Iodine‐Promoted Cyclization, Nucleophilic Substitution and Aromatization.
Authors: Wu Jing , Wang Dongping , Wang Haolong , Wu Fan , Li Xincheng , Wan Boshun
Published: January 2015

Benzocarbazoles are prepared in a two step procedure from indole and benzylidene malonitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Diamination with Novel Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Catalysts.
Authors: Mizar Pushpak , Laverny Aragorn , El‐Sherbini Mohammad , Farid Umar , Brown Michael , Malmedy Florence , Wirth Thomas
Published: January 2015

The oxidative cyclization of homoallylic amine derivatives such as (I) with hypervalent iodine reagents is optimized to yield bicyclic products (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unexpected Bifunctionalized Thiazoles by Nucleophilic Attack on Allenyl Isothiocyanate.
Authors: Jawabrah Al‐Hourani Baker , Richter Frank , Vrobel Kai , Banert Klaus , Korb Marcus , Rueffer Tobias , Walfort Bernhard , Lang Heinrich
Published: January 2015

The presented reaction proceeds via the short‐lived intermediates 2‐imino‐5‐methylidenethiazoles or 5‐methylidenethiazol‐2‐one giving the final heterocyclic compounds controlled by the ratio of the educts.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Mediated Direct C—H Arylation of 3‐Bromoisothiazole‐5‐carbonitrile.
Authors: Kalogirou Andreas S. , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: January 2015

The reaction is strongly influenced by electronic as well as steric properties of the reaction partners.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐ and 2,5‐Disubstituted Arylthiazoles: Rapid Synthesis by C—H Coupling and Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Lohrey Lilia , Uehara Takahiro N. , Tani Satoshi , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Itami Kenichiro
Published: January 2015

Utilizing common C—H and C—N coupling methodologies, a panel of 2‐arylidenehydrazinyl‐4 (V) and 5‐arylthiazoles (VIII) are synthesized and screened for their biological activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ru‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Amidation of 2‐Arylbenzo[d]thiazoles with Sulfonyl Azides.
Authors: Zhou Xiaoli , Luo Puying , Long Ling , Ouyang Meizhen , Sang Xiaoyan , Ding Qiuping
Published: January 2015

In contrast to aryl‐substituted benzothiazoles their hetaryl‐substituted analogues such as 2‐(furan‐2‐yl)benzo[d]thiazole and 2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)benzo[d]thiazole fail to supply the corresponding products.
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Ammonium Salt as Alkylation Agent in Three‐Component Reactions for the Synthesis of Benzothiazoles in Water.
Authors: Pan Lei , Yu Lintao , Wu Zhiqing , Li Zhengkai , Xiang Haifeng , Zhou Xiangge
Published: January 2015

The synthesis of benzothiazoles is achieved from haloanilines, sulfur powder, and quaternary ammonium salts which act as alkylation reagents as well as phase transfer catalysts in aqueous medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diethylamino‐Curcumin Mimics with Substituted Triazolyl Groups and Their Sensitization Effect of TRAIL Against Brain Cancer Cells.
Authors: Ahn Yongchel , Oh Sangtae , Lee Seong Jun , Park Byong‐Gon , Park Yoon‐Sun , Shin Woon‐Seob , Jang Hyuk Jai , Park Jin Hoon , Kwon Daeho , Lee Seokjoon
Published: January 2015

A new curcumin mimic library (III) is synthesized using the Huisgen cycloaddition of alkynes with azide (I).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Turnover Hypoiodite Catalysis for Asymmetric Synthesis of Tocopherols.
Authors: Uyanik Muhammet , Hayashi Hiroki , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: January 2015

Chiral ammonium hypoiodite salts are used to catalyze highly chemo‐ and enantioselective oxidative cyclization of γ‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)ketones to 2‐acyl chromans bearing a quaternary stereocenter, which serve as productive synthetic intermediates for tocopherols.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—C(sp2) Cross‐Coupling: Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐2‐alkylamino‐3‐nitro‐4H‐chromenes.
Authors: Rao H. Surya Prakash , Rao A. Veera Bhadra
Published: January 2015

Cu(II)‐catalyzed coupling of 4‐(methylthio) substituted 3‐nitro‐4H‐chromen‐2‐amines with arylboronic acids provides the corresponding 4‐aryl derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III)‐Catalyzed Denitration Reaction: One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Yan Hao , Wang Yuling , Pan Congming , Zhang Hao , Yang Sizhuo , Ren Xiaoyu , Li Jian , Huang Guosheng
Published: January 2015

from 2‐aminopyridines, nitroalkanes, and aldehydes
ChemInform Abstract: A General, Simple and Green Process to Access Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines Using a KI/TBHP Catalytic System.
Authors: Huang Huan‐Ming , Huang Fang , Li Yu‐Jin , Jia Jian‐Hong , Ye Qing , Han Liang , Gao Jian‐Rong
Published: January 2015

A novel facile protocol allows the synthesis of pyrroloisoquinolines from tetrahydroisoquinolines and various dipolarophiles via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition/oxidation/aromatization cascade.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthetic Protocols for Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted Diazapentaphenes.
Authors: Yamada Shigeyuki , Iwama Shota , Kinoshita Keita , Yamazaki Takashi , Kubota Toshio , Yajima Tomoko
Published: January 2015

Derivatives of (I) and (VII) with longer perfluorated alkyl chains fail to give the corresponding perfluoroalkyl‐substituted diazapentaphenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Access to N‐Silylated Enamines from Enolizable Imines and Hydrosilanes by Base‐Free Dehydrogenative Si—N Coupling.
Authors: Hermeke Julia , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Oestreich Martin
Published: January 2015

A new procedure for the synthesis of otherwise difficult‐to‐make N‐silylated enamines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Amino Aldols Starting from Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Nakamuro Takayuki , Hiraga Kentaro , Murakami Masahiro
Published: January 2015

A new procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of syn α‐amino β‐oxy‐ketones is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Non‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Tertiary Phosphine Sulfides by Regioselective Addition of Secondary Phosphine Sulfides to Alkenes.
Authors: Malysheva Svetlana F. , Gusarova Nina K. , Artem'ev Alexander V. , Belogorlova Nataliya A. , Albanov Alexander I. , Borodina Tatyana N. , Smirnov Vladimir I. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: January 2015

The facile protocol allows the catalyst‐ and solvent‐free addition of phosphine sulfides to terminal and internal alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote C(sp3)—H Arylation of 3‐Pinanamine.
Authors: Cui Wei , Chen Shengwei , Wu Jia‐Qiang , Zhao Xin , Hu Wenhui , Wang Honggen
Published: January 2015

With a view to develop novel 3‐pinanamine based anti‐influenza virus A agents, the direct arylation of 3‐pinanamine substrates bearing a picolinamide directing group is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Development, Mechanistic Elucidation, and Rational Optimization of a Tandem Ireland Claisen/Cope Rearrangement Reaction for Rapid Access to the (Iso)Cyclocitrinol Core.
Authors: Plummer Christopher W. , Wei Carolyn S. , Yozwiak Carrie E. , Soheili Arash , Smithback Sara O. , Leighton James L.
Published: January 2015

The core structures (I) of cyclocitrinol (IIa) and isocyclocitrinol (IIb) are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Unusual Monoterpene Acid Glycosides from Acacia cyclops with Potential Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Jelassi Amira , Zardi‐Bergaoui Afifa , Ben Nejma Aymen , Belaiba Meriam , Bouajila Jalloul , Ben Jannet Hichem
Published: January 2015

isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxicity of the new monoterpenoid glycosides, cyclopsides (I) and (II)
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Iodosuccinimide and Acid‐Washed Molecular Sieves (NIS/AW‐300 MS) as Promoters in Thioglycoside Activation.
Authors: Yao Chun‐Hsu , Lee Jinq‐Chyi
Published: January 2015

The methodology is applied to the glycosylation of various thioglycosides with glycosyl acceptors as well as a reactivity‐based one‐pot sequential glycosylation to a branched trisaccharide.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of (‐)‐Protubonine A (Ia) and (‐)‐Protubonine B (Ib).
Authors: Lorenzo Paula , Alvarez Rosana , de Lera Angel R.
Published: January 2015

A structural revision of the title compounds based on their total syntheses leads to the corrected structures (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Ambidalmines A—E and Ambidimerine F: Bioactive Dihydrobenzophenanthridine Alkaloids from Corydalis ambigua var. amurensis.
Authors: Yang Zhiyou , Liu Zhihui , Jiang Baohong , Teng Fukang , Wang Yu , Han Na , Guo Dean , Yin Jun
Published: January 2015

Isolation and structure elucidation of ten new scarce dihydrobenzophenanthridine alkaloids, ambidalmines A1 (Ia), B1 (Ib), their enantiomers ambidalmines A2 and B2, resp., ambidalmines C, D (IIa), E (IIb), and three stereoisomeric dimers, ambidimerines F1, F2 (III), and F3 are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Brominated Resorcylic Acid Lactones from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Cochliobolus lunatus Induced by Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors.
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shao Chang‐Lun , Chen Min , Liu Qing‐Ai , Wang Chang‐Yun
Published: January 2015

New brominated title compounds (I) are isolated together with four known non‐brominated analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Exchange‐Coupled Nanocomposites: Chemical Synthesis, Characterization and Applications
Authors: Liu Fei , Hou Yanglong , Gao Song
Published: January 2015

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of High‐Purity Chalcogenide Glasses
Authors: Shiryaev V. S. , Churbanov M. F.
Published: January 2015

Review: emphasis on glasses for optical fibers; 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Reactions Followed by in situ Neutron Powder Diffraction.
Authors: Hansen Thomas C. , Kohlmann Holger
Published: January 2015

Review: 132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring Actinide Materials Through Synchrotron Radiation Techniques.
Authors: Shi Wei‐Qun , Yuan Li‐Yong , Wang Cong‐Zhi , Wang Lin , Mei Lei , Xiao Cheng‐Liang , Zhang Li , Li Zi‐Jie , Zhao Yu‐Liang , Chai Zhi‐Fang
Published: January 2015

Review: 387 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review: Lanthanide Coordination Chemistry: From Old Concepts to Coordination Polymers
Authors: Bunzli Jean‐Claude G.
Published: January 2015

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Activation of Ethers via C—O Bond Cleavage: A New Strategy for Molecular Diversity
Authors: Cornella Josep , Zarate Cayetana , Martin Ruben
Published: January 2015

Review: [68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Dihydropyridin‐4(1H)‐ones and 3‐Aminocyclohex‐2‐enones: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Applications to Alkaloid Synthesis
Authors: Seki Hajime , Georg Gunda I.
Published: January 2015

Review: [51 refs.