bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic and Preventive Effects of Morphine Against Leishmania Major and Evaluation the Expression of TLRs and Cytokines in Infected Macrophages in Vitro and in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Ebrahimisadr Parisa , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Jabari Javad , Horton John , Sharifi Zohreh , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Dayer Mohammad Saaid
Published: November 2021

Purpose: Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and cytokines play key roles in infection control. They also enhance phagocytosis and killing of parasites. Morphine can modify host immunity and defense against infectious diseases. Methods: In this study, we assessed Therapeutic and preventive effects of morphine against Leishmania major and then we evaluated the expression of TLRs and pro and anti-inflamatory cytokines in both healthy macrophages and those infected with Leishmania major in vitro and in BALB/c mice. Results: Morphine showed preventive effect and no lesions were observed in the group that was taken morphine before being challenged with promastigotes. TLR2 expression decreased in drug-treated healthy macrophages, whereas TLR4 expression increased. TLR7 expression decreased in healthy macrophages. TLR9 expression was the highest in the groups treated with morphine in infected macrophages. Our findings revealed that healthy macrophages produce higher TNFα and lower IL6; the infected macrophages show a reverse pattern by producing higher IL6 and lower TNFα. We found that treatment with morphine strengthen defensive reactions against leishmaniasis. In mouse macrophages, the highest level of TLR9 expression was induced by morphine. Conclusion: TLR9 has critical role for recognition and control of microbial infection. No lesions were developed in mice treated with morphine before challenge which suggests a protective role for morphine in leishmaniasis. The positive role of morphine in decreasing IL-10 expression and increasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and therefore its preventing role in Leishmania disease.
Orthogonal Constrained Meta Heuristic Adaptive Multi-View Clustering Over Multi Labeled Categorical Data Analysis
Authors: Kolli Srinivas , Sreed M
Published: November 2021

In data mining, clustering is the one of the efficient research concept in real time data analysis, evaluation of attribute representation in clustering is main issue in artificial intelligence related research areas. Multi labeled clustering gives high amount of valuable data, which describes the evaluation and representation of attribute be the trending concept in multi labeled categorical data analysis. Multi dimensional clustering is combined complementary data from different dimensions to provide efficient clustering results in various conditions. Different multi view clustering techniques are proposed traditionally but they can give output as single clustering with input data. Because of multiplicity, multi dimensional data can have different grouping data which are reasonable consist perspective attributes. So how to find measurable and reasonable cluster results which are represented in multi view labeled data is still challenging task, so that in this paper, we propose a novel approach i.e. Orthogonal Constrained Meta Heuristic Adaptive Multi-View Clustering (OCMHAMVC) to represent data as a cluster with different categories. Based on multi labeled data, first proposed approach evaluates low dimensional data using optimized matrix factorization (OMF) method and clusters the similar labeled sample data into prototype cluster of dimensional data. After that we represent data in desirable orthonormality constrained view of data using adaptive heuristic to combine complementary data from different dimensions, also provide complexity in computational analysis of data representation. Experimental results of proposed approach applied on high amount of multi view data gives scalable and efficient performance with comparison to traditional multi view related clustering approaches.
Developing a Co-Production Strategy to Facilitate the Adoption and Implementation of Evidence-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Interventions for Rural Health Systems: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kim Jungyoon , Estabrooks Paul , Aggarwal Alisha , McMillan Analisa , Alshehri Khalid
Published: November 2021

Background: Evidence-based colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) interventions exist, but have not been broadly adopted in rural primary care settings. Participatory adoption and implementation strategies may be promising in closing this gap through a clinical-academic partnership to guide rural practitioners to locate, select, and implement CRCS interventions that align with local context. We developed a prototype strategy adapted from the National Cancer Institute’s ‘Putting Public Health Evidence in Action’ curriculum in collaboration with two rural clinics to facilitate systems change related to CRCS. This paper describes the process of co-development and delivery of a systems-focused strategy to improve adoption, implementation, and sustainability of CRCS interventions. Methods: We used a bundle of implementation strategies with a core focus on academic-clinical partnership development and Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles to identify clinical partner interests/preferences on delivery methods and content needed to facilitate intervention identification and systems-change processes that improve CRCS rates. Clinic physicians and staff (n=7) at the rural clinics were asked to evaluate the approach based on overall reactions and perceptions of innovation characteristics using 5-point Likert scale. After completing the systems-change process, we conducted key-stakeholder interviews (n=5) to assess feasibility and acceptability on content/delivery format and plans for ongoing implementation of CRCS evidence-based interventions (EBIs). Results: Electronic blueprints for CRCS EBI selection and implementation (8 modules) were developed and followed by an online forum/live-streaming conference to allow for CRCS tailoring. The two clinics used different learning approaches: one completed the modules together while the other completed the modules separately to cover material before a group video conference. Across all modules, participants in both clinics reported positive reactions toward the systems-change modules. Both clinics reported improvements in how they perceived the characteristics of the modules and the participatory approach to tailor selected CRCS EBIs. Through the process both clinics developed a specific EBI implementation plan. Interview participants reported that the approach was feasible and acceptable, and provided suggestions for further improvements on content, delivery, and format of the approach.Conclusions: The bundle of implementation strategies used were feasible and acceptable in rural primary care practices to facilitate the use of evidence-based approaches to improve CRCS.
In situ new variations in Puccinia triticina causing leaf rust on wheat
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Bhardwaj Subhash Chander , Gangwar Om Prakash , Prasad Pramod , Lata Charu , Adhikari Sneha
Published: November 2021

During the periodic purity checks of pathotypes 107-1(45R35=JCGPL) and 20(5R27=SGQPL) of Puccinia triticina in national repository at Shimla, India, mixtures of infection types were observed on the differential Lr3 and Lr15 , respectively. Single pustule isolations and further pure cultures in both the cases yielded new pathotypes designated as 57(45R39= KGTPL) and 20-2(57R27= SHKPL). Pathotype 57 was one step gain in virulence on Lr3 in 107-1 whereas 20-2 on Lr15 in mother culture of pathotype 20. The difference of virulence on one gene to each mother culture and their non occurrence in the field samples is indicative of mutation for virulence in situ . To ascertain the novelty of new pathotypes, detailed study on differentials, avirulence/virulence structure, DNA polymorphism using SSR markers, and other related information is presented in this publication. The new cultures are being maintained as PrtI 57 and PrtI 20-2 in the repository.
High-speed Railways and Environmental Pollution: The Mediating Effect of Environmental Regulations and Moderating Effect of Officials' Political Promotion Incentives
Authors: Li Liping , Wang Yuandi , Chen Qisheng , Wu Jiang , Jia Ximeng
Published: November 2021

This study examines the relationship between high-speed railways (HSRs) and environmental pollution by focusing on the mediating role of environmental regulations and the moderating role of officials’ political promotion incentives. Based on a sample of 113 prefecture-level cities, with balanced panel data in China from 2009 to 2017, using the difference-in-differences (DID) model, the results show that HSRs can reduce environmental pollution via the mediating effect of environmental regulations. Additionally, high officials’ political promotion incentives can strengthen this mediating effect. A propensity score matching with difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) model is used to solve endogenous problems, and a placebo test and a parallel trend test indicate that these results are robust. This study encourages the government to rationally promote the construction of high-speed railways and expand the social advantages of high-speed railways to improve environmental regulations and reduce environmental pollution.
The Risk of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Long-Term Uterine Cancer Survivors: A Population-BasedStudy
Authors: Chen Min-Chi , Chang Jung-Jung , Lee Kuan-Der , Chen Miao-Fen , Wang Ting-Yao , Huang Cih-En , Chen Chao-Yu
Published: November 2021

Background: The risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in long-term uterine cancer (UC) survivors remains unclear, especially in Asian patients, who are younger at the diagnosis of UC than their Western counterparts. Methods: UC survivors, defined as those who survived for longer than 5 years after the diagnosis, were identified and matched at a 1:4 ratio with normal controls. Stratified Cox models were used to assess the risk of PAD. Results: From 2000 to 2005, 1,889 UC survivors who received surgery alone or surgery combined with radiotherapy (RT) were classified into young (onset age <50 years, n=894) and older (onset age ≥50 years, n=995) groups. While compared with normal controls, the young patients with diabetes, hypertension, and receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were more likely to develop PAD. In contrast, the risk of PAD was associated with adjuvant RT, obesity, hypertension, and HRT in the older group. Among the UC survivors, those who were diagnosed at an advanced age (>65 years, aHR³2.48, P£0.011), had hypertension (aHR=2.18, P=0.008) or received HRT (aHR=3.52, P=0.020) were at higher risk of PAD. Conclusion: In this nationwide study, we found that the risk factors associated with PAD were similar in both cohorts except for adjuvant RT that was negligible in the young age group, but positive in the older group. Among the survivors, hypertension, advanced age, and HRT were more hazardous than RT. Secondary prevention should include PAD as a late complication in UC survivorship programs.
Updated nationally determined contributions collectively raise ambition levels but need strengthening further to keep Paris goals within reach
Authors: Elzen Michel den , Dafnomilis Ioannis , Forsell Nicklas , Fragkos Panagiotis , Fragkiadakis Kostas , Höhne Niklas , Kuramochi Takeshi , Nascimento Leonardo , Roelfsema Mark , Soest Heleen van , Sperling Frank
Published: November 2021

By September 2021, 120 countries had submitted new or updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the UNFCCC in the context of the Paris Agreement. This study analyses the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and macroeconomic impacts of the new NDCs. The total impact of the updated NDCs of these countries on global emission levels by 2030 is an additional reduction of about 3.7 GtCO2e, compared to the previously submitted NDCs. This increases to about 4.1 GtCO2e, if also the lower projected emissions of the other countries are included. However, this total reduction needs to be four times greater to be consistent with keeping global temperature increase to well below 2 °C, and even eight times greater for 1.5 °C. Seven G20 economies have pledged stronger emission reduction targets for 2030 in their updated NDCs, leading to additional aggregated GHG emission reductions of about 3.1 GtCO2e, compared to those in the previous NDCs. The socio-economic impacts of the updated NDCs are limited in major economies, while structural shifts occur away from fossil fuel supply sectors and towards renewable electricity. However, two G20 economies have submitted new targets that will lead to an increase in emissions of about 0.3 GtCO2e, compared to their previous NDCs. The updated NDCs of non-G20 economies contain further net reductions. We conclude that countries should strongly increase the ambition levels of their updated NDC submissions to keep the climate goals of the Paris Agreement within reach.
The Effect of TSH-Suppressive Dose of Levothyroxine On Skeletal Muscle In Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Kim Jeong Hun , Kim Ji Min , Lee Byung-Joo , Kim In-Joo , Pak Kyoungjune , Kim Keunyoung
Published: November 2021

Hyperthyroidism is often observed in postmenopausal women due to conditions such as thyroiditis and toxic nodular goiter, Grave’s disease or thyroid stimulating hormone suppressive therapy for treating differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). However, the effect of such hormonal changes on skeletal muscles in females remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the effects of hyperthyroidism on the skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. We randomly divided female Sprague-Dawley rats into sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized (OVX), and levothyroxine-treated ovariectomized groups (OVX+LT4). Levothyroxine was administered intraperitoneally at 0.3 mg/kg, daily for six weeks. Protein synthesis was increased after ovariectomy whereas protein synthesis was suppressed and protein degradation was increased in response to levothyroxine treatment. However, there was no difference in lean mass between the two groups. Collagen I levels were similar between the Sham and OVX groups, but were significantly decreased in the OVX+LT4 group. The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) ‐2 and ‐9 were similar between the Sham and OVX groups but were upregulated in the OVX+LT4 group. After ovariectomy, mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics were changed; these changes were exacerbated in hyperthyroidism. Our findings indicate that in postmenopausal rats with hyperthyroidism, the progression of muscle weakness occurs through impaired regulation of signaling pathways related to extracellular matrix homeostasis, protein turnover, and mitochondrial quality.
Heterogeneous Fates of Simultaneously-Born Neurons During Early Corticogenesis
Authors: Magrinelli Elia , Klingler Esther , Baumann Natalia , Wagener Robin Jan , Glangetas Christelle , Bellone Camilla , Jabaudon Denis
Published: November 2021

Neocortical excitatory neurons belong to diverse cell types, which can be distinguished by their dates of birth, laminar location, connectivity and molecular identities. During embryogenesis, apical progenitors (APs) located in the ventricular zone first give birth to deep-layer neurons, and next to superficial-layer neurons. While the overall sequential construction of neocortical layers is well-established, whether multiple neuron types are produced by APs at single time points of corticogenesis is unknown. To address this question, here we used FlashTag to fate-map simultaneously-born (i.e. isochronic) cohorts of neurons at successive stages of corticogenesis. We reveal that early in corticogenesis, isochronic neurons differentiate into heterogeneous laminar, hodological and molecular cell types. Later on, instead, simultaneously-born neurons have more homogeneous fates. Using single-cell gene expression analyses, we identify an early postmitotic surge in the molecular heterogeneity of nascent neurons during which some early-born neurons initiate and partially execute late-born neuron transcriptional programs. Together, these findings suggest that as corticogenesis unfolds, mechanisms allowing increased homogeneity in neuronal output are progressively implemented, resulting in progressively more predictable neuronal identities.
Mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy: A possibly overlooked variable in the classification of lung nodules
Authors: Liu Fenghui , Dai Liping , Wang Yulin , Liu Man , Wang Meng , Zhou Zhigang , Qi Yu , Chen Ruiying , Sun Ting , Ma Xiaohua , Sun Xiaoxu , Zhao Chunling , OuYang songyun , Fan Qingxia
Published: November 2021

Background

Clinical prediction models to classify lung nodules often exclude patients with mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy, although the presence of mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy does not always indicate malignancy. Herein, we developed and validated a multimodal prediction model for lung nodules in which patients with mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy were included.
Methods

A total of 359 patients with pulmonary nodules were considered for enrollment in the study. We developed and validated a logistic regression model including patients with mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy. Discrimination of the model was assessed by area under the operating curve. Goodness of fit was performed via the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and a nomogram of the logistic regression model was drawn.
Results

There were 311 cases included in the final analysis. A logistic regression model was developed and validated. There were nine independent variables included in the model. The AUC of the training and validation sets was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90–0.97) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85–0.98), respectively. In the validation set with or without mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy, the AUC was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90–0.99) and 0.91 (95%CI, 0.87–0.95), respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic was 0.22. A nomogram was drawn to visualize the model.
Conclusions

We developed and validated a multimodal risk prediction model for lung nodules with excellent discrimination and calibration, regardless of the inclusion of mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy. This broadens the application of lung nodule prediction models. Furthermore, the presence of mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy added value for predicting lung nodule malignancy, highlighting the importance of this variable in clinical practice.
The role of AIHIP in Preoperative Planning of Total Hip Arthroplasty to Different Surgeons.
Authors: Li Wenao , Yao Xiaowei , Zhang Bingshi , Ding Xuzhuang , Huo Jia , Liu Sikai , Han Yongtai
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPreoperative planning with computed tomography (CT)-based three-dimensional templating has been achieved more precise placement of hip components. This study investigated the value of the software for preoperative planning (artificial intelligence hip system, AIHIP) in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for surgeons with different experience levels.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 240 hips in 240 patients who underwent cementless primary THA. The patients were divided into four groups: A1) senior surgeon without AIHIP, A2) senior surgeon with AIHIP, B1) junior surgeon without AIHIP, and B2) junior surgeon with AIHIP. All preoperative planning evaluations were completed using the AIHIP software. We analysed the accuracy of stem size prediction and cup size prediction, the absolute value of postoperative discrepancy in leg length, discrepancy of neck-shaft angle and femoral offset between the healthy side and the affected side from the anteroposterior radiographic view of the hip, intraoperative and postoperative complications, operative times, the reduction in the haemoglobin (Hb) level during the first 24 hours and the number of intraoperative radiations.ResultsThe sizes of 95% were accurately estimated to be within one stem size, and 97% of the cup size estimates were accurate to within one cup size in group A2. A total of 87% were accurately estimated to be within one stem size, and 85% were accurate to within one cup size in group B2. There was a significant difference in radiological indicators (P<0.050), postoperative complications (overall P=0.035), operation duration (P<0.001), decrease in Hb per 24 hours (P=0.046) and intraoperative radiation frequency (P<0.050) among the patients in group B. There was also a significant difference in postoperative complications (overall P=0.01) between groups A1 and B1.ConclusionOur results suggest that the AIHIP is a favourable tool for young surgeons, and the accuracy is good.
Factors associated with different patterns of weight change after bariatric surgery: A longitudinal study
Authors: Carrillo Diana Cristina Henao , Gómez Ana María , Muñoz Oscar , Rubio Claudia , Rodríguez Natalia , Ursida Valentina , Forero Ana , Pinzón Fabio , Mikler Rami
Published: November 2021

Background
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity. During long-term follow-up, weight loss (WL) is variable between subjects. The aim of this study is to assess the change in percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) and excess weight loss (%EWL) and to describe the factors associated with greater or lesser WL over time.
Methods
Longitudinal study including patients treated with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and followed at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá (Colombia). Baseline data was recorded before surgery. Follow-up was performed at 3 (n=192), 6 (n=190), 9 (n=188), 12 (n=186), 24 (n=99) and 36 (n=30) months. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis was used to assess the change in %TWL and %EWL over time.
Results
196 patients were included (82.4% female, BMI 41.3±5.2 kg/m2). The tendency to increase on %TWL (31.6±6.6) and %EWL (80.2 RIQ 70.7-97.3) was evident in the first year, stabilizing after that. Nutritionist follow-up, baseline BMI>40 kg/m2 and WL≥10kg before surgery were associated with an average higher increase of %TWL (2.39% p=0.014, 0.41% p<0.001 and 0.37% p=0.003, respectively). Subjects who performed physical activity >30 minutes/day after surgery reduced %TWL in 0.74% (p=0.009). Similar findings were described on %EWL.
Conclusion
Follow-up during the first year after bariatric surgery is critical to achieving %TWL and %EWL goals. This study suggests that modifiable factors such as nutritional follow-up, WL before surgery and time of physical activity are associated with a significant change in %TWL and %EWL during follow-up by a multidisciplinary team.
Balanced Reciprocal Translocation t(17;22)(p11.2;q11.2) and 10q23.31 Microduplication in a Infertility Male Suffering from Teratospermia
Authors: Huang Shan , Wu Huiling , Qi Yunwei , Wei Liqiang , Lv Xiaodan , He Yu
Published: November 2021

We describe the first case of two chromosomal abnormalities, balanced reciprocal translocation t(17;22)(p11.2;q11.2) and a microduplication in the region 10q23.31, in an infertility man suffering from teratospermia. Several genes located on the translocation breakpoints or the region of duplication show rich expression in the tissue of testis. They have been reported to be associated with developmental disorder and retardation, which might also be the risk factors affecting in spermatogonial differentiation and spermatogenesis. More studies should be carried out for identifification of new genes associated with semen quality. Our case might support the opinion that haploinsufficiency of the testis-expressed gene could be the cause of sperm immotility and abnormal sperm morphology. The two chromosomal abnormalities that carry additional reproductive risks, is apparently harmful with regard to the male infertility, and could contribute to the genomic instability resulting in disease.
Identification of Genetic Loci for Sugarcane Leaf Angle at Different Developmental Stages by Genome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Chen Xinglong , Huang Zhenghui , Zhang Xiangbo , Feng Xiaomin , Xie Jinfang , Wu Bin , Luo Yiji , Zhu Mingfeng , Qi Yongwen
Published: November 2021

Background

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an efficient crop mainly used for sugar and bioethanol production. High yield and high sucrose of sugarcane is always the fundamental demands in sugarcane growth worldwide. Leaf angle and size of sugarcane can be attributed to planting density, which was associated with yield. In this study, we performed Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in a panel of 216 sugarcane core parents and their derived lines (natural population) to determine the genetic basis of leaf angle and key candidate genes at seedling, elongation and maturity stage.
Results

A total of 288 significant associated loci of sugarcane leaf angle at different developmental Stages were identified by GWAS. Among them, one key locus and eleven loci was identified in all three stages and two stages, respectively. Overall, 4089 genes were located in the confidence interval of significant loci, among which 3892 genes were functionally annotated. Finally, thirteen core parents and their derivatives tagged with SNPs were selected for Marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Conclusion

These candidate genes are mainly related to MYB transcription factors, auxin response factors, serine/threonine-protein kinases, etc. The are directly or indirectly associated with leaf angle in sugarcane. This research provided a large number of novel genetic resources for the improvement of leaf angles and simultaneously to high yield and high bioethanol production.
Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Fitness Behavior In Beijing Based on Social Media Data
Authors: Bin Tian , Bin Meng , Guoqing Zhi , Zhenyu Qi , Siyu Chen , Jian Liu
Published: November 2021

Using social media data, this paper employs FastAI, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and other text mining techniques coupled with GIS spatial analysis methods to study temporal and spatial patterns of fitness behavior of residents in Beijing, China, from the perspective of residents’ daily behavior. Using LDA theme model technology, it is found that fitness activities can be divided into four types: running-based fitness; riding-based fitness; fitness in sports venue; and fitness under professional guidance. Emotional analysis revealed that, residents can get a better fitness experience in sports venues. There are also obvious differences in the spatio-temporal distribution of the different fitness behaviors. Fitness behavior of Beijing residents has a multi-center spatial distribution pattern, with a wide coverage in northern city areas but obvious aggregation areas in southern city areas. In terms of temporal patterns, the residents' fitness frequency shows an obvious periodic distribution (weekly and 24 hours). And there are obvious differences in the time distribution of fitness behaviors for each theme. Additionally, based on the attribution analysis of a geodetector, it is found that the spatial distribution of fitness behavior of residents is mainly affected by factors such as catering services, education and culture, companies and public facilities.
In Vitro Sterilization Procedures For Micropropagating Silphium Integrifolium Michx.
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Cohen Jerry , Smith Kevin , Pincelli-Souza Renata
Published: November 2021

Perennial crops are constantly exposed to fungi and bacteria in their environment, and thus explants from field-grown plants are difficult to disinfect for micropropagation because of both endophytic and epiphytic microbes. Field grown S. integrifolium plants were potted and grown in the greenhouse for five weeks; new stems and anthers along with seeds were tested for in vitro sterilization. We report successful sterilization protocols that involved disinfecting seeds with isothiazolone biocides (PPM) and NaClO and sterilizing stems and anthers through vacuum infiltration of PPM. The establishing of the protocols is useful for subsequent micropropagation and would in this way facilitate Silphium breeding and domestication processes.
Next Generation Sequencing-Based Mitochondrial Genome Analysis In Relation To The Drug- Induced Toxicity In Korean Subjects
Authors: Hoa Pham Vinh , Lam Nguyen Van , Jung Hye-Eun , Cho Yong-Soon , Shin Jae-Gook
Published: November 2021

Background: Mitochondrial variants have been investigated to be associated with many diseases, which was reported largely from European populations. Few studies, however, have annotated the whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome associated with drug responses including adverse drug reactions (ADRs), especially in Asian populations. This study was performed to characterize mtDNA genetic profiles, especially the distribution and frequency of well-known genetic biomarkers associated with diseases and drug-induced toxicity, in the Korean population by using high throughput next-generation sequencing.Results: A total of 681 variants was identified among all 118 Korean subjects. The MT-TRNP and displacement loop (D-loop) showed the highest numbers of variants (113 and 74 variants, respectively). In the D-loop, 25.4% of the subjects were identified to have m.16189T>C allele, which was known to reduce the mtDNA copy number variation in human cells. The variant m.1095T>C, annotated to aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity, was found from only one subject in this study, while the frequency of m.2706A>G and m.3010A>G, which are associated with antibiotic-induced toxicity, were 99.15% and 30.51%, respectively. The 5 subjects were identified to have the variant m.2150T>TA, a genotype associated with highly disruptive effects on mitochondrial ribosomes. In addition, the mitochondrial haplogroups of 118 Korean subjects were found that D and M groups were the most dominant groups with the frequency of 34.74% and 16.1%, respectively. Conclusions: Our finding was constant with Korean 1K project and well reflected the unique profile of mitochondrial haplogroup distribution. It was the first study to annotate the whole mitochondrial genome with drug-induced toxicity to predict the ADRs event in clinical implementation for Korean population. This approach could be extended for further study for validation the potential ethnic specific mitochondrial genetic biomarkers in Korea population.
When will the world be committed to 1.5 and 2.0°C of global warming?
Authors: Dvorak Michelle , Armour Kyle , Frierson Dargan , Proistosescu Cristian , Baker Marcia , Smith Christopher
Published: November 2021

We investigate committed warming, i.e., the global mean temperature change that would follow complete cessation of anthropogenic emissions. The removal from the atmosphere of short-lived particulate aerosols, which have a cooling effect on the climate, leads to a peak in warming within a decade, followed by a slow decline over centuries to millennia to a relatively stable temperature determined by the residual CO2 forcing. This has important consequences: temporary warming well beyond present-day levels without any additional emissions. We use an emissions-based climate model (FaIR) to estimate temperature change after abrupt cessation of all anthropogenic emissions in 2021 and in every year thereafter until 2080, assuming that emissions prior to cessation proceed along priority Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). We find that society may already be committed to peak warming of greater than 1.5°C with approximately 40% probability, with a small (2%) probability of peak warming greater than 2.0°C. The probability of being committed to 1.5°C increases to at least 50% by 2024. Taking into account short-lived climate forcers advances warming commitments by a half a decade, considerably reducing the remaining carbon budget. While an abrupt cessation of all anthropogenic emissions is not likely to occur, this idealized scenario provides a quantification of when we will be committed to exceeding key global warming levels while following realistic emissions scenarios.
Three-Dimensional Morphometry of Normal Japanese Knees For Designing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tomita Tetsuya , Suzuki Masahiko , Nakamura Takashi , Ryu Keinosuke , Tsumura Hiroshi
Published: November 2021

Background: To examine racial and sex-related differences in bone morphology and to determine whether it is necessary to take sex-related and ethnic differences into account in designing artificial knee joints.Methods: Hundred Japanese women normal knees, 88 Japanese men normal knees, and 18 Caucasian women normal knees were examined. Knee joints were measured to enable selection and design of artificial knee joints based on assumed bone resection face dimensions in TKA. Results: The dimensional measurements were performed by reading the three-dimensional CT based bone model. F-MAP/F-ML and F-LAP/F-ML relative to F-ML dimensions and T-MAP/T-ML and T-LAP/T-ML relative to T-ML dimensions were determined in both sexes. Results: In both sexes and in both the femur and tibia, the value increased with decreasing size. Therefore, the width narrowed with decreasing size. It was considered that the width may be narrower in women than in men because women have smaller bone sizes than men. The matching ratio was considered to improve as the aspect ratio is adjusted according to the size when an artificial joint is designed. There were no significant differences in the measured sagittal flexion angle between the Japanese and Caucasian women. Conclusion: The individual differences were greater than the racial differences; therefore, we consider that there is no significant need to change the shape of the artificial knee joint according to racial differences in bone morphology.
Two Different Minimally Invasive Approaches for Management of Thoracolumbar Fractures
Authors: Yu Chenghao , Ding Fan , Wu Xiaosong , Ye Zhengyun , Hu Bing
Published: November 2021

Objective To compare the clinical effect and safety of pedicle screw fixation via percutaneous approach and Wiltse paraspinal approach for thoracolumbar fractures without neurological deficit.Methods 98 cases who suffered from single level thoracolumbar fracture without nerve injury were treated by pedicle screws fixation via either percutaneous approach (percutaneous group) and Wiltse paraspinal approach(paraspinal group). Perioperative indexes, imaging parameters and functional and symptom results of the two groups were recorded and compared. Results All patients were followed for more than 12 months, and the incision length and postoperative hospital stay in the percutaneous group were significantly shorter than those in the paraspinal group (P<0.05), intraoperative blood loss was less than that of the paraspinal group (P<0.05), operative and postoperative costs and the number of fluoroscopy were significantly higher than those of the paraspinal group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in operative time between the two groups (P > 0.05). The anterior edge height percentage of the injured vertebrae and kyphosis Cobb Angle were significantly improved 1 week and 1 year postoperatively in each group (P<0.05), there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05). As for Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, in each group there were continuous decreases 3 days, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively (P<0.05); There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups before operation, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively (P<0.05), but a significant difference 3 days postoperatively (P<0.05). In terms of Oswestry disability index (ODI), in each group there was continuous decreases 6 months and 1 year postoperatively (P<0.05); and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the accuracy of implant between the two groups (P<0.05). In the percutaneous group, there were 2 cases of incision fat liquefaction, 1 case of guidewire fracture and 1 case of the anterior wall of the vertebra penetrated by guide wire rupture. 1 diabetic case of superficial incision infection and 2 cases of skin edge necrosis were found in the paraspinal group.Conclusion In the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures without neurological defect, pedicle screw fixations via Wiltse paraspinal and percutaneous approach both can obtain minimally invasive and reliable effect, but the percutaneous approach bring smaller trauma, less blood loss, longer operation time, more fluroscopy, higher surgery and postoperative costs, with its own unique complications especially in early learning curve.
The Comparation of Two Instruments for Rat Cervical 2 Hemisection Model
Authors: Shen LinLin , Song Chen , Zhang Liang , Wang Kai
Published: November 2021

The lateral C2 hemisection (HS) rat is the most studied reclinical model in the study of respiratory function after high cervical spinal cord injury. There are two main surgical methods in several studies— microscissors or microscalpel. This study is to evaluate the experimental results between those two methods. In this study, we performed rat lateral C2HS by microscissors (group A) or microscalpel (group B). We record cut frequency during hemisection as well as recovery of diaphragm electrophysiology by electromyogram (EMG) on the 14th day post injury. On the 14th day post injury, we record survival rate and evaluated the injury extent by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain. As a result, we found that group A had milder C2 injury extent than group B, higher survival rate on the 14th day post injury, and higher percent of peak root mean square (RMS) EMG post injury to that before injury. However, group A had larger cut frequency during hemisection. Weigh the advantages and disadvantages, microscissors seem had superiority over microscalpel.
Asparagine-EDTA MNPs: A Highly Efficient And Recyclable Magnetic Multifunctional Core-Shell Nanocatalyst For Green Synthesis of Biologically-Active 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-One Compounds
Authors: Rostami Negin , Dekamin Mohammad G , Valiey Ehsan , FaniMoghadam Hamidreza
Published: November 2021

In this study, the new asparagine grafted on the EDTA-modified Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell (Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine) magnetic nanoparticles were prepared and their structures were properly confirmed using different spectroscopic, microscopic and magnetic methods or techniques such as FT-IR, EDX, XRD, FESEM, TEM, TGA and VSM. The Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine core-shell nanomaterial was examined, as a highly efficient multifunctional and recoverable nanocatalyst, for the synthesis of a wide range of nitrogen-containing heterocycles and biologically-active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives under solvent-free conditions. It was proved that Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine MNPs, as a catalyst having excellent thermally and magnetic stability, specific morphology and acidic sites, can activate the Biginelli reaction components. Moreover, environmental-friendliness and nontoxic nature properties of the catalyst, cost effectiveness, low catalyst loading, easy separation of the catalyst from products and short time of reaction are some of the remarkable advantages of this green protocol.
Metastasis suppressor 1 controls osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis through regulating Src-Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Chen Meng , Shan Liying , Gan Ying , Tian Lijie , Zhou Jie , Zhu Endong , Yuan Hairui , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Baoli
Published: November 2021

Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) plays an inhibitory role in tumorigenesis and metastasis of a variety of cancers. To date, the function of MTSS1 in the differentiation of marrow stromal progenitor cells is completely unknown. In the current study, we explored whether and how MTSS1 has a role in osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis. Our data showed that MTSS1 mRNA was upregulated during osteoblast differentiation and downregulated in the osteoblastic lineage cells of ovariectomized and aged mice. Functional studies revealed that MTSS1 promoted the osteogenic differentiation from marrow stromal progenitor cells. Mechanistic explorations uncovered that the inactivation of Src and afterwards activation of canonical Wnt signaling were involved in osteoblast differentiation induced by MTSS1. The enhanced osteogenic differentiation induced by MTSS1 overexpression was attenuated when Src was simultaneously overexpressed, and conversely, the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation by MTSS1 siRNA was rescued when the Src inhibitor was supplemented to the culture. Finally, the in vivo transfection of MTSS1 siRNA to the marrow of mice significantly reduced the trabecular bone mass, along with the reduction of trabecular osteoblasts, the accumulation of marrow adipocytes, and the increase of phospho-Src positive cells on the trabeculae. No change in the number of osteoclasts was observed. This study has for the first time unraveled that MTSS1 contributes to osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis through regulating Src-Wnt/β-catenin signaling. It also suggests the potential of MTSS1 as a new target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
A Study on the Association Between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Wang mei , Li Xiaofeng , Ding Nan , Wang Fang
Published: November 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism are endocrine and metabolic disorders. Hypothyroidism has been found to be related to changes in blood lipids and insulin insensitivity. However, the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and endocrine disorders in PCOS patients remains unclear. The incidence of SCH in PCOS patients is increasing. Metabolomics methods have been used to investigate the differences in metabolites and metabolic pathways between normal body weight and overweight (not obese) PCOS patients with SCH. Understanding the association between PCOS and SCH can guide diagnosis and treatment.Methods: We performed an untargeted serum metabolomics analysis in 62 PCOS patients. From 38 PCOS patients with SCH, 24 were selected and divided into the overweight (n = 13) and normal weight (n = 11) groups. Differential metabolites were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. The significance of metabolites was evaluated by calculating the variable importance in projection score (> 1 and P < 0.01) from partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA models. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was conducted to investigate the metabolomic pathways. P < 0.05 (Fisher’s exact test) was considered statistically significant.Results: In PCOS patients with SCH, significant differences in body weight, right ovary volume, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance value, insulin level at 2 h after a meal, and triglyceride level were observed between the overweight and normal weight groups. Twenty-six different metabolites were identified, mainly fatty acids and phosphatidylcholines, to have significantly levels in overweight patients with SCH. Moreover, 18 enriched metabolic pathways were identified, mainly biosynthesis of fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, digestion and absorption of proteins, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters.Conclusion: The interaction between body mass index and thyroid-stimulating hormone affects the metabolic status of PCOS patients. Overweight PCOS patients with SCH may have the worst metabolic status. The overweight and normal weight groups showed differences in glycerol phospholipid, sterol lipid, phosphatidylcholine, and androsterone sulphate levels. PCOS with SCH affects endocrine metabolism and ester metabolism through fatty acid biosynthesis, protein digestion and absorption, and ABC transporters.
A Beam Broadening Method for Phased Arrays in Wireless Communications
Authors: Fonteneau Corentin , Crussière Matthieu , Jahan Bruno
Published: November 2021

5G and IEEE 802.11ay introduce the use of the millimeter band as one promising solution to provide broadband wireless communication at multi-Gb/s user data rate. Due to the severe path-loss at such frequencies, it is generally assumed that large antenna arrays are used at the base station to steer narrow beams and build highly directionnal communication links towards the terminal points. However, broader and less directional beams are also of high interest in some of the steps involved in the establishment or the maintenance of the communication links. Indeed, search of a large area by narrow beams becomes too time consuming and link outage becomes more critical, thus affecting the latency and the robustness of the communications. A method enabling an adaptation of the beam widths is then worthwhile to consider.
In this article, we investigate how narrow beams naturally produced by large antenna arrays can be broadened to adapt the beam width to a desired angular sector. We consider that the multi-antenna processing is performed by phase shifters on the radio-frequency stage since its digital counterpart is hardly feasible in practice at such high frequencies. The main idea of our systematic phase-only beam broadening technique relies on the determination of a quadratic phase excitation law from a desired beam width and steering angle. We first lead a thorough analysis of the radiation behavior regarding the coefficients of such quadratic excitation. We then propose a calculation method for determining the polynomial coefficients as a function of the desired beam width and steering angle. This non-iterative beam broadening method is described for boresight and non-boresight directions and is intended for discrete antenna arrays.
A Six-Immune-Related Genes Prognostic Signature for Glioblastoma
Authors: Huang Kate , Rao Changjun , Lu Jianglong , Zhu Zhangzhang , Wang Chengde , Tu Ming , Sheng Chaodong , Zheng Shuizhi , Chen Xiaofang , Li Qun
Published: November 2021

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) multiforme is a common malignant brain tumor with high mortality. It is urgently necessary to develop a new treatment because traditional approaches have reached a bottleneck.Purpose: Here we created an immune-related gene (IRGs)-based prognostic signature to comprehensively define the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM).Methods: Glioblastoma samples were abstracted from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We retrieved IRGs from the ImmProt data resource. Univariate Cox analysis was adopted to determine the prognostically remarkable IRGs for individual with GBM. The prognostically optimal IRGs were determined via LASSO regression, and predictive model created. Besides, the association of specific factors with the overall survival (OS) of individuals with GBM was explored via multivariate Cox-regression. Lastly, we constructed a predictive nomogram integrating the independent predictive factors to determine the one-, two-, and three-year OS likelihoods of individuals with GBM. Additionally,gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA) and single sample GSEA(ssGSEA) were performed to understand the correlation between the risk score and immune activity.Results: Overall, 273 IRGs which exhibited differential expression were identified in GBM tumor in contrast with the non-malignant samples. Of these 273 IRGs, only six were remarkably linked to OS of individuals with GBM, which were employed in constructing the predictive signature. The GBM were categorized into either the high-risk GBM group or the low-risk GBM group. There were remarkable differences between the high-risk GBM and the low-risk GBM groups regarding OS. The AUC for predicting one-,two-, and three-year OS in training set was 0.610,0.698 and 0.694.In line with the AUC of validation set was 0.608,0.692 and 0.678.Besides,the results of ssGSEA showed the score of prognostic signature is closely related to immune activity.Conclusion: Herein, a robust predictive model based on IRGs was created to estimate the diversity of OS likelihoods in GBM patients, as well as aid future clinical research.