bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs – small RNAs with a big influence on brain excitability
Authors: Morris Gareth
Published: March 2023

MicroRNAs are non‐coding RNAs, approximately 22 nt in length, which serve to negatively regulate gene expression through binding to complementary sequences in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of target mRNA. The microRNA–target interaction does not require perfect complementarity, meaning that an individual microRNA often has a pool of hundreds of gene targets. Equally, one 3′UTR can contain target sites for many different microRNAs. This gives rise to a complex web of molecular interactions. An emerging concept is that microRNAs have a role as ‘master’ regulators of certain cellular properties, simultaneously mediating the subtle repression of multiple related genes within a pathway or system, thereby achieving a common phenotypic output. One such example is regulation of brain excitability. There are numerous examples of microRNAs which can target ion channels, ion transporters and genes associated with synaptic transmission. Often, the expression of the microRNA itself is regulated in an activity‐dependent manner, thereby forming homeostatic loops. Limitations in our understanding arise from the sheer complexity of microRNA–target interactions, which are difficult to capture experimentally and computationally. Further, many microRNA studies rely on animal model systems, but many microRNAs (and mRNA targets) have sequences which are either not conserved or are entirely unique in the human brain. This leaves many exciting and challenging opportunities to further progress the field in an attempt to fully understand the roles of microRNAs in brain function.

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Programming 3D curved mesosurfaces using microlattice designs
Authors: Cheng Xu , Fan Zhichao , Yao Shenglian , Jin Tianqi , Lv Zengyao , Lan Yu , Bo Renheng , Chen Yitong , Zhang Fan , Shen Zhangming , Wan Huanhuan , Huang Yonggang , Zhang Yihui
Published: March 2023

Cellular microstructures form naturally in many living organisms (e.g., flowers and leaves) to provide vital functions in synthesis, transport of nutrients, and regulation of growth. Although heterogeneous cellular microstructures are believed to play pivotal roles in their three-dimensional (3D) shape formation, programming 3D curved mesosurfaces with cellular designs remains elusive in man-made systems. We report a rational microlattice design that allows transformation of 2D films into programmable 3D curved mesosurfaces through mechanically guided assembly. Analytical modeling and a machine learning–based computational approach serve as the basis for shape programming and determine the heterogeneous 2D microlattice patterns required for target 3D curved surfaces. About 30 geometries are presented, including both regular and biological mesosurfaces. Demonstrations include a conformable cardiac electronic device, a stingray-like dual mode actuator, and a 3D electronic cell scaffold.
In Science Journals
Authors: Vignieri Sacha , Stajic Jelena , Jiang Di , Lavine Marc S. , Williams Ifor , Grocholski Brent , Smith Keith T. , Szuromi Phil , Norton Melissa , Ferrarelli Leslie K. , Hines Pamela J.
Published: March 2023

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
China’s research enterprise undergoes shake-up
Authors: Normile Dennis
Published: March 2023

Revamp aims to respond to U.S. challenge and promote “self-reliance” in science
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Major Facilitator Superfamily Efflux Pump, SA09310, Mediating Tetracycline Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Li Daiyu , Ge Yan , Wang Ning , Shi Yun , Guo Gang , Zou Quanming , Liu Qiang
Published: March 2023

Drug efflux systems have recently been recognized as an important mechanism of multidrug resistance in bacteria. Here, we described the identification and characterization of a novel chromosomally encoded multidrug efflux pump (SA09310) in
Staphylococcus aureus
.
A Multi-Enzyme Cascade for Efficient Production of Pyrrolidone from
l-
Glutamate
Authors: Jiang Xuling , Wei Wanqing , Cui Yaozhong , Song Wei , Li Yingying , Chen Xiulai , Gao Cong , Liu Jia , Guo Liang , Liu Liming , Wu Jing
Published: March 2023

This study developed a three-enzyme cascade pathway for the production of pyrrolidone from
l-
Glu. The catalytic efficiency of carnitine CoA ligase from
Escherichia coli
(
Ec
CaiC) was improved by mechanism-based protein engineering, and the titer of pyrrolidone was further increased by ribosome-binding site (RBS), induction conditions, and conversion conditions optimization.
Bacteria in Fluid Flow
Authors: Padron Gilberto C. , Shuppara Alexander M. , Palalay Jessica-Jae S. , Sharma Anuradha , Sanfilippo Joseph E.
Published: March 2023

Bacteria thrive in environments rich in fluid flow, such as the gastrointestinal tract, bloodstream, aquatic systems, and the urinary tract. Despite the importance of flow, how flow affects bacterial life is underappreciated.
Answer to March 2023 Photo Quiz
Authors: Cerqueira Filipe M. , Saad Baraa , Varghese Lalita E. , Holekamp Katie J. , Ren Ping
Published: March 2023

Read the full article for the answer.
More Robust Co-Occurrence Patterns and Stronger Dispersal Limitations of Bacterial Communities in Wet than Dry Seasons of Riparian Wetlands
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Li Yi , Sun Xiangxin , Adams Jonathan M. , Wang Longfei , Zhang Huanjun , Chu Haiyan
Published: March 2023

Riparian wetlands comprise microbial communities that are easily affected by the surrounding conditions, especially in agricultural landscapes with a wide range of ecosystem services. After comparing the wet and dry season microbiota, we found that the soil bacterial community of the wet season exhibited a higher complexity and stability of soil bacterial network and stronger dispersal limitations than that of the dry season; however, the dry season bacteria showed stronger homogeneous selection than the wet season bacteria.
Impact of the Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase Superfamily on the Evolution of Biogeochemical Cycles
Authors: Wells Michael , Kim Minjae , Akob Denise M. , Basu Partha , Stolz John F.
Published: March 2023

The MopB superfamily constitutes a repertoire of metalloenzymes that are central to enduring mysteries in microbiology, from the origin of life and how microorganisms and biogeochemical cycles have coevolved over deep time to how anaerobic life adapted to increasing concentrations of O
2
during the transition from an anoxic to an oxic world. Our work emphasizes that phylogenetic analyses can reveal how domain gain or loss events, the acquisition of novel partner subunits, and the loss of metal cofactors can stimulate novel radiations of enzymes that dramatically increase the catalytic versatility of superfamilies.
Functional Potential of Soil Microbial Communities and Their Subcommunities Varies with Tree Mycorrhizal Type and Tree Diversity
Authors: Singavarapu Bala , Du Jianqing , Beugnon Rémy , Cesarz Simone , Eisenhauer Nico , Xue Kai , Wang Yanfen , Bruelheide Helge , Wubet Tesfaye
Published: March 2023

Loss of multifunctional microbial communities can negatively affect ecosystem services, especially forest soil nutrient cycling. Therefore, exploration of the genomic potential of soil microbial communities, particularly their constituting subcommunities and taxa for nutrient cycling, is vital to get an in-depth mechanistic understanding for better management of forest soil ecosystems.
Engineering and Technical Solutions When Designing a Turbulent Lidar
Authors: Razenkov I. A.
Published: March 2023

Design characteristics of a turbulent lidar, which affect its thermo-mechanical stability, are determined. Two different designs are compared with different approaches to the selection of transceiving optics and detectors and arrangement of the temperature control system for stabilizing the lidar optical bench. A procedure is suggested for simulation of the lidar transceiver, including the calculation of the displacements of optical elements relative to the base points on the optical bench and the ray tracing from the laser into the atmosphere and back. The effect of the temperature gradient between the opposite sides of the optical bench on the operation of the receiving channels is analyzed. The results of the experimental study of lidar resistance to temperature changes are described. Recommendations for improving the design of a turbulent lidar are formulated.
Early-onset neonatal seizures: lidocaine toxicity as a rare differential diagnosis to hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Stephenson Dylan T , Thomas Niranjan , Korbely Reka
Published: March 2023

A term newborn girl presented with apnoea and seizures at approximately 20 min of life following an uneventful vaginal delivery. She required admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit following intubation and was commenced on conventional ventilation. Her mother had received a local lidocaine injection for an episiotomy prior to delivery. Initial investigations confirmed electrographic seizures for which she received an anticonvulsant with successful termination of seizure activity. Investigations for hypoxic injury, intracranial trauma, structural brain abnormalities, metabolic disorders and infection were unremarkable. Her blood lidocaine level was subsequently found to be elevated, confirming lidocaine toxicity as the cause of presentation. She demonstrated clinical improvement with no evidence of complications at time of discharge or on early follow-up.
Subretinal silicone oil: OCT imaging findings and surgical management of a rare and unusual iatrogenic complication of retinal detachment surgery
Authors: Linton Emma , Jasani Kirti
Published: March 2023

A man in his 50s underwent vitrectomy surgery for a macular off retinal detachment which was complicated by intraoperative hypotony and suprachoroidal haemorrhage, resulting in the use of silicone oil tamponade. Postoperatively, several retained cysts of fluid were seen underneath the retina, one of which was large and close to the macular. Imaging was used to determine that this was likely retained silicone oil. Given the potential of migration to the macular and retinal toxicity, the decision was made to remove the larger oil bubbles under the retina. We explain how the oil may have got under the retina in this unusual case, how we dealt with it and discuss other cases of different substances under the retina and their appearance on ocular imaging.
A call to action for more disability-inclusive health policy and systems research
Authors: Bailie Jodie , Fortune Nicola , Plunkett Karleen , Gordon Julie , Llewellyn Gwynnyth
Published: March 2023

To date, the exclusion of people with disability participating in research has limited the evidence base informing health system strengthening policy and practice more generally, and addressing disability-related inequalities in access to health services and better health outcomes more particularly. Given that more than 1 billion people, or 16% of the world’s population, have a disability, we may fail to respond to the needs of a large proportion of the population unless we are purposeful with inclusion. Our research in this area indicates that online qualitative methods can be effective in engaging under-represented groups and are essential to ensure their input into health policy and systems research. This has important implications for researchers whose responsibility it is to make all health research disability inclusive, for ethical and methodological reasons, so they do not perpetuate the under-representation of people with disability in health policy and systems research. Our paper puts forward several recommendations to facilitate more people with disability participating in health policy and systems research. By critically reflecting on a health system strengthening research project, in which we purposefully aimed to support the participation of people with disability, we identify lessons learnt and issues to consider when planning and conducting accessible research. We also propose a set of actions for moving the agenda forward.
Adherence to healthy dietary patterns and its association with physical fitness in military personnel
Authors: Ghodsi Ramin , Rostami H , Parastouei K , Taghdir M , Esfahani A A , Nobakht M
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Poor nutritional status might impact in unintentional weight loss and decreased muscle mass and strength. The levels of physical fitness (PF) is a predictor of chronic diseases in future years. Also, evaluation of fitness is an essential factor for duty in occupations which are sensitive to time and emergency reaction. Since there is no literature that study the association between dietary patterns and the PF level in physically strenuous occupations, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and the PF level in military staffs.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was carried out in military zones of Iran. Typical dietary intakes were assessed by using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Mediterranean diet (MD) score and healthy diet indicator (HDI) score were calculated. PF tests were designed to test the muscular strength, endurance and cardiovascular respiratory fitness (CRF).

Results

Mean age of participants was 33.03±4.65 in the study. Referring to the performance in the PF tests, there was a correlation between tertiles of MD (OR 4.37, p=0.048) and HDI (OR 5.21, p=0.019) scores and suitable PF level in the crude and confounder adjusted models. Also, a negative relationship was found between body mass index and waist circumference with fitness score.

Conclusions

We concluded that accompanying a medium or high adherence to a healthy dietary pattern will have an impact on good level of PF and will result in a better working power and long-term health consequences among physically strenuous occupations.
‘It’s so simple’ Lessons from the margins: a qualitative study of patient experiences of a mobile health clinic in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Nussey Lisa , Lamarche Larkin , O'Shea Tim
Published: March 2023

Objective

Our study explored the experiences of clients of HAMSMaRT (Hamilton Social Medicine Response Team), a mobile health service, in the context of their experiences of the overall healthcare system.

Design

We conducted a qualitative study with reflexive thematic analysis.

Setting

HAMSMaRT is a mobile health service in Hamilton, Ontario Canada providing primary care, internal and addiction medicine and infectious diseases services.

Participants

Eligible participants were clients of HAMSMaRT who could understand English to do the interview and at least 16 years of age. Fourteen clients of HAMSMaRT were interviewed.

Results

Our findings represented five themes. When the themes of people deserve care, from the margins to the centre, and improved and different access to the system are enacted, the model of care works, represented by the theme it works!. The way in which participants compared their experiences of HAMSMaRT to the mainstream healthcare system insinuated how simple it is, represented by the theme it’s so simple.

Conclusions

Our findings offer guidance to the broader healthcare system for walking from the rhetoric to practice of person-centred care.
Active travel to school: a longitudinal millennium cohort study of schooling outcomes
Authors: Walker Ian , Gamble Tim
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Assess longitudinal associations between active travel during the school commute and later educational outcomes.

Setting

England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Participants

6778 children, surveyed at ages 7, 11, 14 and 17.

Primary and secondary outcomes

School-leaver General Certificate of Secondary Education exam scores summed to provide a single measure of educational success.

Results

Controlling a range of sociodemographic and health variables, using active versus passive travel modes during a child’s commute to school during earlier years predicted differences in school-leaver exam performance at age 16. These effects were mediated through changes in self-esteem, emotional difficulties and behavioural difficulties. Examples include: being driven to school at 11 was associated with improved exam performance at 16 mediated through enhanced self-esteem at 14 (ab=0.08, 95% CI=0.01 to 0.20, p=0.05) and cycling at 14 was associated with better exam scores at 16 mediated through reduced emotional difficulty at 16 (ab=0.10, 95% CI=0.01 to 0.30, p=0.05). The relationship between travel mode and exam performance was moderated by household income quintile, most notably with poorer exam performance seen in high-income children who were driven to school. Importantly, although our model predicted 21% of variance in exam performance, removing travel mode barely reduced its ability to predict exam scores (ΔR2=−0.005,F20,6469= 2.50, p<0.001).

Conclusion

There are differences in school-leaver exam performance linked to travel mode choices earlier in the school career, but these differences are extremely small. There appears to be no realistic educational disadvantage from any given travel mode, strengthening the case for cleaner, healthier modes to become the default.
Impact of digital technologies on self-efficacy in people with Parkinson’s: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hall Andrew Michael , Aroori S , Carroll Camille B , Meinert Edward , Allgar Victoria
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurological disease globally, for which currently no one definitive cause or cure exists. Estimates suggest that 145 000 people with Parkinson’s (PwP) live in the UK. PD presents with motor and non-motor symptoms fluctuating significantly in and between individuals continually throughout the day. PD adversely affects activities of daily living, quality of life and well-being. Self-efficacy is an important belief to improve for PwP as it enables the individual to develop confidence in their ability to exert control over their own motivation, behaviour and social environment. This scoping review aims to identify digital technologies which have been shown to positively impact on promoting self-efficacy in PwP.

Methods and analyses

Six bibliographic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE and IEEE Xplore will be searched from the date of their inception to the May 2023. The primary outcome will be to identify interventions which are associated with a change in self-efficacy in PwP to enable positive and negative outcomes, as well as safety to be evaluated. The secondary outcomes of this review will focus on the intervention’s proposed mechanisms for success, particularly looking at the impact they had on positive behaviour change(s) or modification(s) on study participants.

Ethics and dissemination

This scoping review will not require ethical approval as it will use data collected from previously published primary studies. The findings of this review will be published in peer-reviewed journals and widely disseminated.
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among adult clients at public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia using the health belief model: multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Getachew Tamirat , Negash Abraham , Degefa Meron , Lami Magarsa , Balis Bikila , Debela Adera , Gemechu Kabtamu , Shiferaw Kasiye , Nigussie Kabtamu , Bekele Habtamu , Oljira Amanuel , Eyeberu Addis , Dessie Yadeta , Alemu Addisu , Sertsu Addisu
Published: March 2023

Objective

Immunization is still one of the best ways to reduce viral-related morbidity and mortality . Therefore, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among adult clients at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.

Method

A multicentred facility-based cross-sectional study design was utilised. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select 420 study participants. The characteristics of individuals were described using descriptive statistical analysis such as frequency, median and IQR. Mean was used for health belief model components. The association was assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression and described by the OR along with a 95% CI. Finally, a p-value<0.05 in the adjusted analysis was used to declare a significant association.

Outcome measure

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors.

Result

A total of 412 adult clients were interviewed, with a response rate of 98.1%. Of the total study participants, 225 (54.6%; 95% CI: 50.0% to -59.7%) were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Age≥46 (adjusted OR, AOR=3.64, 95% CI: 1.35- to 9.86), college and above level of education (AOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.30- to 4.81), having health insurance (AOR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.11- to 2.87) and experiencing chronic disease (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.02- to 3.77) were predictor variables. Also, components of the health belief model were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

Conclusion

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among the adult population was low compared to other study. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were age, college and above level of education, having a chronic disease, having health insurance, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit and perceived barrier.

Improving awareness about COVID-19 among all sections of the population is crucial to improving vaccine acceptability.
Cognitive impairment and behavioural emergencies within the acute hospital setting
Authors: Ilievski Vasko , Barrett Tomiko , Lawson William , Hoyland Shane , Tran Kelvin
Published: March 2023

Background

Patients with cognitive impairment exhibiting agitation and aggression are challenging to manage in the acute hospital setting. When a patient’s behaviours place themselves or others at risk of harm, a Clinical Aggression Response Team (C-ART) is dispatched.

The aims of this project were to describe the characteristics of patients receiving a C-ART call and the experiences of C-ART staff members via semistructured interviews. Additionally, to audit local practice against two established standards of practice (Local C-ART Call Guideline and Australian Cognitive Impairment Guideline), to develop interventions to address identified shortfalls in adherence to these standards of practice and finally to re-evaluate adherence postintervention.

Methods

A retrospective pre and postintervention audit using qualitative (interview) and quantitative (file review) mixed method research approach was used. Interventions targeted doctor hospital orientation sessions, distribution of hospital guidelines including a new pharmacological sedation guideline and finally ward-based brief education sessions.

Results

Themes identified postintervention included improved familiarity with C-ART terminology, better understanding of C-ART member roles and improved communication among medical teams. However, there was continued pressure to use pharmacological sedation, a lack of debriefing and poor patient handover.

File review of patients postintervention showed improvement from 36.8% to 65.6% in recording a provisional diagnosis and differentials for a patient behaviour necessitating a C-ART call. Additionally, the use of psychotropics during C-ART calls was lowered by 3.3% but did not reach significance (p=0.62).

Conclusion

Behavioural disturbances in the elderly present many challenges for health staff. Interactive orientation sessions for doctors and distribution of hospital guidelines were shown to improve compliance with Local C-ART Call and Australian Cognitive Impairment Guidelines. Patients who receive multiple C-ART calls require further exploration and consideration, as this subset of the patient population present unique challenges.
Interventions to reduce repetitive ordering of low-value inpatient laboratory tests: a systematic review
Authors: Yeshoua Brandon , Bowman Chip , Dullea Jonathan , Ditkowsky Jared , Shyu Margaret , Lam Hansen , Zhao William , Shin Joo Yeon , Dunn Andrew , Tsega Surafel , S. Linker Anne , Shah Manan
Published: March 2023

Background

Over-ordering of daily laboratory tests adversely affects patient care through hospital-acquired anaemia, patient discomfort, burden on front-line staff and unnecessary downstream testing. This remains a prevalent issue despite the 2013 Choosing Wisely recommendation to minimise unnecessary daily labs. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify interventions targeting unnecessary laboratory testing.

Methods

We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central and SCOPUS databases to identify interventions focused on reducing daily complete blood count, complete metabolic panel and basic metabolic panel labs. We defined interventions as ‘effective’ if a statistically significant reduction was attained and ‘highly effective’ if a reduction of ≥25% was attained.

Results

The search yielded 5646 studies with 41 articles that met inclusion criteria. We grouped interventions into one or more categories: audit and feedback, cost display, education, electronic medical record (EMR) change, and policy change. Most interventions lasted less than a year and used a multipronged approach. All five strategies were effective in most studies with EMR change being the most commonly used independent strategy. EMR change and policy change were the strategies most frequently reported as effective. EMR change was the strategy most frequently reported as highly effective.

Conclusion

Our analysis identified five categories of interventions targeting daily laboratory testing. All categories were effective in most studies, with EMR change being most frequently highly effective.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021254076.
Dispersion corrections to elastic electron–nucleus scattering
Authors: Jakubassa-Amundsen D. H.
Published: March 2023

Calculations of the elastic scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons from spin-zero nuclei within the recoil-modified phase-shift analysis are supplemented with the dispersion correction estimated within the second-order Born approximation. For the $$^{12}$$

12

C nucleus, three strong transient nuclear excitations are taken into account, for which not only Coulombic, but also magnetic transitions are considered. Dispersion effects of up to 10% in the differential cross section near the first diffraction minimum, resulting largely from Coulombic transitions at the higher collision energies, are in qualitative agreement with experimental findings. Below 300 MeV, dispersion is greatly influenced by magnetic scattering. Investigations of the spin asymmetry for perpendicularly polarized electrons indicate that it is strongly affected by dispersion, predominantly at small scattering angles.
Thermodynamics of signal transduction systems and fluctuation theorem in a signal cascade
Authors: Tsuruyama Tatsuaki
Published: March 2023

Biochemical chain reactions are signal transduction cascades that can transmit biological information about the intracellular environment. In this study, we modelled a chain reaction as a code string for applying information theory. Herein, we assumed that cell signal transduction selects a strategy to maximize the transduced signal per signal event duration. To investigate the same, we calculated the information transmission capacity of the reaction chain by maximizing the average entropy production rate per reaction time, indicating the idea of the entropy coding method. Moreover, we defined a signal cascade trajectory. Subsequently, we found that the logarithm of the forward and reverse transition ratio per reaction time is equal to the entropy production rate, which derives the form of the fluctuation theorem in signal transduction. Our findings suggest the application of information entropy theory for analysing signal transduction.
Moduli of vector bundles on primitive multiple schemes
Authors: Drézet Jean-Marc
Published: March 2023

A primitive multiple scheme is a Cohen–Macaulay scheme Y such that the associated reduced scheme X = Yred is smooth, irreducible, and that Y can be locally embedded in a smooth variety of dimension [Formula: see text]. If n is the multiplicity of Y, there is a canonical filtration [Formula: see text], such that [Formula: see text] is a primitive multiple scheme of multiplicity i. The simplest example is the trivial primitive multiple scheme of multiplicity n associated to a line bundle L on X: it is the nth infinitesimal neighborhood of X, embedded in the line bundle [Formula: see text] by the zero section. The main subject of this paper is the construction and properties of fine moduli spaces of vector bundles on primitive multiple schemes. Suppose that [Formula: see text] is of multiplicity n, and can be extended to [Formula: see text] of multiplicity [Formula: see text], and let [Formula: see text] be a fine moduli space of vector bundles on [Formula: see text]. With suitable hypotheses, we construct a fine moduli space [Formula: see text] for the vector bundles on [Formula: see text] whose restriction to [Formula: see text] belongs to [Formula: see text]. It is an affine bundle over the subvariety [Formula: see text] of bundles that can be extended to [Formula: see text]. In general this affine bundle is not banal. This applies in particular to Picard groups. We give also many new examples of primitive multiple schemes Y such that the dualizing sheaf [Formula: see text] is trivial.
Nondestructive characterization of elastic modulus under different tensile stresses through laser ultrasound combined inversion technique
Authors: Van Nguyen Le , Jeyaprakash N. , Yang Che-Hua
Published: March 2023

Stainless steel (SS) is widely used in many fields including aeronautics, automobiles, marine and mechanical industries due to its outstanding feature such as good corrosion resistance and hardness. However, changes in material properties under stress, particularly changes in Young’s modulus, result in the formation of cracks, a reduction in load-bearing capacity, and fatigue damage. So, the structural integrity needs to be evaluated based on a precise measurement of mechanical properties. In this study, Stainless Steel 304 (SS-304) is used as the base material and various tensile stresses are applied ranging from 0[Formula: see text]MPa to 100[Formula: see text]MPa with increment of 10[Formula: see text]MPa in each step. Nondestructive Laser Ultrasound Technique (LUT) has been used to characterize the elastic modulus under various tensile stresses. An inverse program was developed based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms to determine material properties. Nonlinear Gauss fitting method was proposed and established the fitting equation and nonlinear curve for Young’s modulus and residual stress. The outcome of this research shows that when tensile stress is applied, the mechanical properties decrease by shifting the dispersion curve and also it is evident that the dispersion curves move toward the high-frequency-thickness while increasing the tensile stress. When the tensile stress was increased from 0[Formula: see text]MPa to 100[Formula: see text]MPa, the value of Young’s modulus decreased from 201.7[Formula: see text]GPa to 193.5[Formula: see text]GPa. Especially, the predominant changes were observed during 30–100[Formula: see text]MPa. This observation displays the bonding strength and binding energy between the atomics. Further, the proposed nonlinear Gauss fitting substantiated the experimental values and confirmed that the thickness accuracy is close to the inversion values, with an average difference of 4.32%. This research suggests a potential nondestructive method to determine the residual stress of a material by calculating the changes in the elastic modulus.
Weak Centers and Local Bifurcation of Critical Periods in a Z2-Equivariant Vector Field of Degree 5
Authors: Wu Yusen , Li Feng
Published: March 2023

With the help of algebraic manipulator-Mathematica, we identify the order of weak centers at [Formula: see text] and the origin as well as the number of local critical periods in a [Formula: see text]-equivariant vector field of degree 5. We show that [Formula: see text] and the origin can be weak centers of infinite order (i.e. isochronous center) and at most fourth-order weak centers of finite order. Furthermore, we prove that at most four local critical periods bifurcate from the bicenter and the origin, respectively. Our approach is a combination of computational algebraic techniques.
Correlation Sum and Recurrence Determinism of Interval Maps
Authors: Mihoková Michaela
Published: March 2023

Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) is a method for measuring the complexity of dynamical systems. Recurrence determinism is a fundamental characteristic of RQA, closely related to correlation sum. In this paper, we study asymptotic behavior of these quantities for interval maps. We show for which cases the asymptotic correlation sum exists. An example of an interval map with zero entropy and a point with the finite [Formula: see text]-limit set for which the asymptotic correlation sum does not exist is given. Moreover, we present formulas for the computation of the asymptotic correlation sum with respect to the cardinality of the [Formula: see text]-limit set or to the configuration of the intervals forming it, respectively. We also show that for a non Li–Yorke chaotic (and hence zero entropy) interval map, the limit of recurrence determinism as distance threshold converges to zero can be strictly smaller than one.
Finitely generated dyadic convex sets
Authors: Matczak K. , Mućka A. , Romanowska A. B.
Published: March 2023

Dyadic rationals are rationals whose denominator is a power of 2. We define dyadic n-dimensional convex sets as the intersections with n-dimensional dyadic space of an n-dimensional real convex set. Such a dyadic convex set is said to be a dyadic n-dimensional polytope if the real convex set is a polytope whose vertices lie in the dyadic space. Dyadic convex sets are described as subreducts (subalgebras of reducts) of certain faithful affine spaces over the ring of dyadic numbers, or equivalently as commutative, entropic and idempotent groupoids under the binary operation of arithmetic mean.

The paper contains two main results. First, it is proved that, while all dyadic polytopes are finitely generated, only dyadic simplices are generated by their vertices. This answers a question formulated in an earlier paper. Then, a characterization of finitely generated subgroupoids of dyadic convex sets is provided, and it is shown how to use the characterization to determine the minimal number of generators of certain convex subsets of the dyadic plane.
Knapsack and the power word problem in solvable Baumslag–Solitar groups
Authors: Ganardi Moses , Lohrey Markus , Zetzsche Georg
Published: March 2023

We prove that the power word problem for certain metabelian subgroups of [Formula: see text] (including the solvable Baumslag–Solitar groups [Formula: see text]) belongs to the circuit complexity class [Formula: see text]. In the power word problem, the input consists of group elements [Formula: see text] and binary encoded integers [Formula: see text] and it is asked whether [Formula: see text] holds. Moreover, we prove that the knapsack problem for [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-complete. In the knapsack problem, the input consists of group elements [Formula: see text] and it is asked whether the equation [Formula: see text] has a solution in [Formula: see text]. For the more general case of a system of so-called exponent equations, where the exponent variables [Formula: see text] can occur multiple times, we show that solvability is undecidable for [Formula: see text].
Antiferromagnetic viscosity model for electromotive microscale with second type nonlinear heat frame
Authors: Körpinar Talat , Körpinar Zeliha
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we construct second type frame affiliated with the nonlinear heat system. This work is an important study to present a spacelike Landau–Lifshitz second type [Formula: see text] viscosity model. Then, we introduce antiferromagnetic spacelike Landau–Lifshitz second type [Formula: see text] viscosity model electromotive nonlinear heat microscales. Also, we obtain optical magnetic spacelike second type [Formula: see text] microscales in Minkowski space. Finally, we design antiferromagnetic viscosity model for optical Landau–Lifshitz second type [Formula: see text] optimistic density.
Performance Enhancement by Exploiting Geometrical Nonlinearity of Inerters in a Two-Stage Vibration Isolator
Authors: Dai Wei , Shi Baiyang , Li Tianyun , Zhu Xiang , Yang Jian
Published: March 2023

This research proposes a two-stage vibration isolation system (TS-VIS) exploiting geometrical nonlinearity by inerters for performance enhancement. Lateral inerters are added to upper and lower stages creating geometric nonlinearity. The transmissibility and power flow indices are used for the performance evaluation. It is demonstrated that the inerters in both stages of the TS-VIS can enhance substantially the effectiveness of isolation at low frequencies by bending and shifting the resonance peaks in the force and energy transmission curves to the left while reducing the peak heights in these curves. It shows the use of inerters introduces a local minimum in the transmissibility curve which can be exploited for significant reduction in vibration transmission at a desirable frequency. By tailoring the inertance ratios for both stages of the TS-VIS, further improvements on the performance can be achieved by extending the frequency range of effective isolation. This work shows the benefits of using nonlinear inerters in the TS-VIS to obtain superior low-frequency isolation performance, which is potentially applicable in engineering systems such as floating raft structures.
Bifurcations, chaos analysis and control in a discrete predator–prey model with mixed functional responses
Authors: Sun Yajie , Zhao Ming , Du Yunfei
Published: March 2023

Many discrete systems have more distinctive dynamical behaviors compared to continuous ones, which has led lots of researchers to investigate them. The discrete predator–prey model with two different functional responses (Holling type I and II functional responses) is discussed in this paper, which depicts a complex population relationship. The local dynamical behaviors of the interior fixed point of this system are studied. The detailed analysis reveals this system undergoes flip bifurcation and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. Especially, we prove the existence of Marotto’s chaos by analytical method. In addition, the hybrid control method is applied to control the chaos of this system. Numerical simulations are presented to support our research and demonstrate new dynamical behaviors, such as period-10, 19, 29, 39, 48 orbits and chaos in the sense of Li–Yorke.
The structure space of C−(X) via that of Γ-semirings
Authors: Basu Soumi , Mukherjee (Goswami) Sarbani , Sardar Sujit Kumar
Published: March 2023

The structure spaces, endowed with the hull kernel topology, of maximal regular congruences, which are prime on a [Formula: see text]-semiring as well as the structure space of prime congruences on a [Formula: see text]-semiring, have been studied via operator semirings. This study has been used to obtain some important results of the structure space of [Formula: see text] of nonpositive real valued continuous functions over a topological space [Formula: see text]. It has been found that the structure spaces of the semiring [Formula: see text] of nonnegative real valued continuous functions and the [Formula: see text]-semiring [Formula: see text] are homeomorphic. Moreover it has been shown that the structure space of [Formula: see text] is the Stone–Čech compactification of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a Tychonoff space. Furthermore, the [Formula: see text]-semiring analogue of the ‘Banach–Stone Theorem’ has been obtained.
PZT ferroelectric polarization-enhanced ZnO thin film photodetector
Authors: Qin Pu , Zhu Chengyan , Ashtar Malik , Li Ming , Liu Yuan , Chen Mingming , Cao Dawei , Yang Ying
Published: March 2023

ZnO is one of the most popular materials in UV photodetectors, but its low switching and long attenuation time seriously hinder its practical application. In this work, the performance of PZT/ZnO planar photodetectors is optimized by using the ferroelectric polarization of PZT thin films. The results show that the residual polarization field of PZT affects the electron arrangement in ZnO film, making ZnO in a depleted state, reducing the dark current of resulted photodetectors, and influencing the carrier life. By inhibiting recombination, the photocurrent is increased, and the switching ratio of the ZnO photodetector is increased by 5 times, and more importantly, the optical responsivity increases by 7 times to 1.015 A/W. This work provides a simple and feasible method for ferroelectric polarization to control the performance of two-dimensional material photodetectors.
Monitoring volcano deformation at La Soufrière, St Vincent during the 2020–21 eruption with insights into its magma plumbing system architecture
Authors: Camejo-Harry Michal , Pascal Karen , Euillades Pablo , Grandin Raphaël , Hamling Ian , Euillades Leonardo , Contreras-Arratia Rodrigo , Ryan Graham A. , Latchman Joan L. , Lynch Lloyd , Jo Minjeong
Published: March 2023

Measurements of surface deformation provide valuable insight into sub-volcanic processes operating before, during and after eruptions. Here, we investigate the drivers behind the 2020–21 effusive–explosive episode at La Soufrière volcano in St Vincent using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data between 2018 and 2021, and geodetic modelling. We observe inflation up to six months before the start to the effusive phase, which continued as the dome extruded. Once the eruption transitioned to the explosive phase, the volcano rapidly deflated, the bulk happening within the first three days of explosions. Our analytical modelling distinguishes three pressure source depth ranges contributing to this eruptive episode: 16–20,
c.
6 and <1 km. Deformation data are therefore in line with a vertically extensive magmatic system being tapped pre- and syn-eruption with interaction between deep and shallow reservoirs by ascending magma batches. The combined use of GPS and InSAR proved to be instrumental for constraining the deformation field active during this eruptive episode. The direction of future geodetic monitoring at La Soufrière should therefore utilize both techniques with a view towards maximizing coverage while making up for shortfalls in station upkeep and variations in satellite overpass regularity.
Personalized Prompt Learning for Explainable Recommendation
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Yongfeng , Chen Li
Published: March 2023

Providing user-understandable explanations to justify recommendations could help users better understand the recommended items, increase the system’s ease of use, and gain users’ trust. A typical approach to realize it is natural language generation. However, previous works mostly adopt recurrent neural networks to meet the ends, leaving the potentially more effective pre-trained Transformer models under-explored. In fact, user and item IDs, as important identifiers in recommender systems, are inherently in different semantic space as words that pre-trained models were already trained on. Thus, how to effectively fuse IDs into such models becomes a critical issue. Inspired by recent advancement in prompt learning, we come up with two solutions: find alternative words to represent IDs (called discrete prompt learning) and directly input ID vectors to a pre-trained model (termed continuous prompt learning). In the latter case, ID vectors are randomly initialized but the model is trained in advance on large corpora, so they are actually in different learning stages. To bridge the gap, we further propose two training strategies: sequential tuning and recommendation as regularization. Extensive experiments show that our continuous prompt learning approach equipped with the training strategies consistently outperforms strong baselines on three datasets of explainable recommendation.
OCCAM-v2: Combining Static and Dynamic Analysis for Effective and Efficient Whole-Program Specialization
Authors: Navas Jorge A. , Gehani Ashish
Published: March 2023

Leveraging scalable pointer analysis, value analysis, and dynamic analysis.
OSS Supply-Chain Security: What Will It Take?
Authors: Kaczorowski Maya , Momot Falcon , Neville-Neil George , McCubbin Chris
Published: March 2023

A discussion with Maya Kaczorowski, Falcon Momot, George Neville-Neil, and Chris McCubbin
All Sliders to the Right
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: March 2023

Hardware overkill.
Reaching Individually Stable Coalition Structures
Authors: Brandt Felix , Bullinger Martin , Wilczynski Anaëlle
Published: March 2023

The formal study of coalition formation in multi-agent systems is typically realized in the framework of hedonic games, which originate from economic theory. The main focus of this branch of research has been on the existence and the computational complexity of deciding the existence of coalition structures that satisfy various stability criteria. The actual process of forming coalitions based on individual behavior has received little attention. In this article, we study the convergence of simple dynamics leading to stable partitions in a variety of established classes of hedonic games, including anonymous, dichotomous, fractional, and hedonic diversity games. The dynamics we consider is based on individual stability: an agent will join another coalition if she is better off and no member of the welcoming coalition is worse off.

Our results are threefold. First, we identify conditions for the (fast) convergence of our dynamics. To this end, we develop new techniques based on the simultaneous usage of multiple intertwined potential functions and establish a reduction uncovering a close relationship between anonymous hedonic games and hedonic diversity games. Second, we provide elaborate counterexamples determining tight boundaries for the existence of individually stable partitions. Third, we study the computational complexity of problems related to the coalition formation dynamics. In particular, we settle open problems suggested by Bogomolnaia and Jackson, Brandl et al., and Boehmer and Elkind.
Deformation from Formation Until End of Life: Micro X-ray Computed Tomography of Silicon Alloy Containing 18650 Li-Ion Cells
Authors: Pfrang Andreas , Kersys Algirdas , Kriston Akos , Scurtu Rares-George , Marinaro Mario , Wohlfahrt-Mehrens Margret
Published: March 2023

The use of Si-containing negative electrodes is one of the most promising options to increase the energy density of Li-ion batteries. Nonetheless, increasing the Si content in the anode above 5–10 weight % is still a challenge because of the expansion/contraction behavior of the Si upon lithiation/de-lithiation. Due to a 2 to 3 fold volume increase of Si during charging, it is paramount to understand and manage structural changes from the formation until the end of life. This applies not only at electrode, but also at cell level and specifically for cells with high electrode loadings close to mass production format. To this aim, we report here on the structural changes in Si-blended anode/manganese nickel cobalt oxide (NMC) 622 cathode 18650 format cells from production through formation until end of life by means of micro X-ray computed tomography (CT). We constructed specially designed 18650 cells in which the jelly roll does not fill the full volume of the case. The volume change without external constraint led to the identification of three main deformation mechanisms at the jelly roll level and shed some light on the effect of the cell geometry on the use and performance of anodes with high Si-content.