bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personality pathology and mental health treatment seeking in a community sample of older adults
Authors: Lawton Erin M. , Oltmanns Thomas F.
Published: June 2012

Sampling issues are extremely important in studies of psychopathology, especially with regard to the investigation of personality disorders (PDs). Many studies rely on clinical samples whereas others have focused on representative samples of community residents. Do people who qualify for a PD diagnosis seek and receive mental health services with greater (or possibly reduced) frequency compared with others in the community? Do community‐based studies of PDs include people who have been treated? Analyses presented here examine connections between personality pathology and various aspects of treatment seeking in a representative sample of 1 630 middle‐aged adults who completed a semi‐structured diagnostic interview (Structured Interview for DSM‐IV Personality). Results demonstrate a disorder‐specific effect. Antisocial, borderline, avoidant and dependent PDs are associated with increased levels of seeking treatment. Four PDs are associated with greater length of treatment. After accounting for lifetime presence of major depression and alcohol dependence, borderline, avoidant and dependent pathology remained associated with increased treatment seeking. These findings point to several conclusions, including (1) community samples do include a substantial proportion of people who have received various kinds of mental health services; (2) the association between personality pathology and mental health treatment seeking is not fully explained by comorbid depression and alcohol dependence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Site‐specific degree of phosphorylation in proteins measured by liquid chromatography‐electrospray mass spectrometry
Authors: Boehm Martin E. , Seidler Joerg , Hahn Bettina , Lehmann Wolf D.
Published: June 2012

This review focuses on quantitative protein phosphorylation analysis based on coverage of both the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms. In this way, site‐specific data on the degree of phosphorylation can be measured, generating the most detailed level of phosphorylation status analysis of proteins. To highlight the experimental challenges in this type of quantitative protein phosphorylation analysis, we discuss the typical workflows for mass spectrometry‐based proteomics with a focus on the quantitative analysis of peptide/phosphopeptide ratios. We review workflows for measuring site‐specific degrees of phosphorylation including the label‐free approach, differential stable isotope labeling of analytes, and methods based on the addition of stable isotope labeled peptide/phosphopeptide pairs as internal standards. The discussion also includes the determination of phosphopeptide isoform abundance data for multiply phosphorylated motifs that contain information about the connectivity of phosphorylation events. The review closes with a prospective on the use of intact stable isotope labeled proteins as internal standards and a summarizing discussion of the typical accuracies of the individual methods.
Expanding the zebrafish embryo proteome using multiple fractionation approaches and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lößner Christopher , Wee Sheena , Ler Siok Ghee , Li Rachel H. X. , Carney Tom , Blackstock Walter , Gunaratne Jayantha
Published: June 2012

The proteome of zebrafish, Danio rerio, embryos has not been studied in great detail mainly due to the presence of high abundance yolk proteins in embryos. Here we report the highest number of the zebrafish embryo proteins identified so far to our knowledge, through a combination of a protein‐level fractionation approach (1D SDS‐PAGE) and two different peptide‐level fractionation approaches (IEF and strong anion exchange (SAX)) of deyolked zebrafish embryos followed by LC‐MS/MS. We detected 5267 proteins in total of which 3464 proteins were identified with at least two peptides (less than 1% peptide false discovery rate). The analysis of proteome coverage from each method showed that 56% of detected proteins were common to all approaches and 95% of the detected proteome was obtained from 1D SDS‐PAGE approach alone. Bioinformatics analysis of the detected proteome demonstrated that nucleocytoplasmic transport (biological process) and ribosomal proteins (cellular component) were the most over‐represented proteins, whereas cell–cell signaling (biological process) and extracellular space proteins (cellular component) were the most under‐represented proteins in the identified proteome.
Structural and functional characterization of the interaction of the photosensitizing probe methylene blue with Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Paz Aviv , Roth Esther , Ashani Yacov , Xu Yechun , Shnyrov Valery L. , Sussman Joel L. , Silman Israel , Weiner Lev
Published: June 2012

The photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB), generates singlet oxygen that irreversibly inhibits Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase (TcAChE). In the dark, it inhibits reversibly. Binding is accompanied by a bathochromic absorption shift, used to demonstrate displacement by other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors interacting with the catalytic “anionic” subsite (CAS), the peripheral “anionic” subsite (PAS), or bridging them. MB is a noncompetitive inhibitor of TcAChE, competing with reversible inhibitors directed at both “anionic” subsites, but a single site is involved in inhibition. MB also quenches TcAChE's intrinsic fluorescence. It binds to TcAChE covalently inhibited by a small organophosphate (OP), but not an OP containing a bulky pyrene. Differential scanning calorimetry shows an ∼8° increase in the denaturation temperature of the MB/TcAChE complex relative to native TcAChE, and a less than twofold increase in cooperativity of the transition. The crystal structure reveals a single MB stacked against Trp279 in the PAS, oriented down the gorge toward the CAS; it is plausible that irreversible inhibition is associated with photooxidation of this residue and others within the active‐site gorge. The kinetic and spectroscopic data showing that inhibitors binding at the CAS can impede binding of MB are reconciled by docking studies showing that the conformation adopted by Phe330, midway down the gorge, in the MB/TcAChE crystal structure, precludes simultaneous binding of a second MB at the CAS. Conversely, binding of ligands at the CAS dislodges MB from its preferred locus at the PAS. The data presented demonstrate that TcAChE is a valuable model for understanding the molecular basis of local photooxidative damage.
Role of glyoxalase I in the proliferation and apoptosis control of human LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells
Authors: Antognelli Cinzia , Mezzasoma Letizia , Fettucciari Katia , Mearini Ettore , Talesa Vincenzo N.
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND

Glyoxalase I (GLOI) detoxifies reactive dicarbonyls, as methylglyoxal (MG) that, directly or through the formation of MG‐derived adducts, is a growth inhibitor and apoptosis inducer. GLOI has been considered a general marker of cell proliferation, but a direct link between the two has yet to be demonstrated. The aim of the present work was to clarify whether GLOI was involved in the proliferation control of LNCaP and PC3 human prostate cancer cells or might play a different role in the growth regulation of these cells.

METHODS

RNA interference was used to study the role of GLOI in cell proliferation or apoptosis. Cell proliferation was evaluated by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay and flow cytometry, that was also used to analyze apoptosis. Real‐time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction and spectrophotometric analyses were used to study transcript levels or specific activity, respectively. Proteins levels were analyzed by Western blot. MG was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTS

We found that GLOI is not implicated in the proliferation control of LNCaP and PC3 cells but plays a role in the apoptosis of invasive prostate cancer PC3 cells, through a mechanism involving a specific MG‐adduct and NF‐kB signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data represent the first systematic demonstration that GLOI cannot be considered a general marker of cell proliferation and that acts as a pro‐survival factor in invasive PC3 cells by elusing apoptosis. GLOI may be involved in prostate cancer progression, via the control of key molecules in the mitochondrial apoptotic mechanism, through NF‐kB signaling pathway. Prostate 73: 121–132, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Formfindung: Die Interaktion von Kraft und Geometrie
Authors: Kemmler Roman
Published: June 2012

Im Seil‐ und Membranbau ist die Phase der Formfindung unabdingbar und fester Bestandteil des Planungsprozesses. Bei der Realisierung von Konstruktionen außerhalb dieses Bereichs ist dieser Ansatz derzeit noch nicht umfassend in der Planung verankert. Die stets vorhandene Biegesteifigkeit führt in der Regel dazu, dass die Geometrie gesetzt und nicht gefunden wird. Die Vorteile der Formfindung lassen sich aber mit Erfolg auf eine Vielzahl von Systemen übertragen. Neben einer generellen Diskussion über verschiedene Methoden und dem bei schlaich bergermann und partner eingesetzte Verfahren soll anhand von Beispielen aufgezeigt werden, welche Ziele mit solchen Denkansätzen verfolgt werden können. Das beschriebene Verfahren erweitert den Einsatzbereich und ermöglicht eine deutliche Effizienzsteigerung, was sich insbesondere in den Wettbewerbs‐ und Entwurfsphasen als vorteilhaft erweist. Die Vorzüge der Formfindung werden anhand von realisierten Projekten der vergangenen Jahre aufgezeigt.

Form‐finding: The Interaction force of geometry. For cable‐ and membrane‐structures the process of form‐finding is an indispensable and integral part of the design‐process. For the realization of other types of structures the idea of form‐finding was, until now, not well established in the design‐phases. Due to the existence of bending‐stiffness in such structures the geometry will be usually preset and not found. The advantages of form‐finding, however, can be used for a multitude of structures. Besides a general discussion about different approaches and the method used by schlaich bergermann und partner, several examples will be shown for the possibilities and advantages of this method. This rarely discussed approach extends the area of application and allows a significant increase in efficiency, which is useful in a competition as well as in the design development phases. The advantages of form‐finding will be presented on realized projects of the last years.
Die Krone von Vancouver – Erneuerung des BC Place Stadions
Authors: Göppert Knut , Moschner Thomas , Paech Christoph , Stein Michael , Werner Michael
Published: June 2012

Das BC Place Stadion liegt im Herzen von Vancouver, perfekt in das Nordufer des False Creek eingebettet. Das Stadion mit Kapazitäten für 60.000 Zuschauer wurde 1983 eröffnet und war bis zum Abbau des Daches die größte luftgetragene Sporthalle der Welt. Mit zunehmender Nutzungszeit ergaben sich aus dem komplett unter Innendruck stehenden Stadion massive betriebliche Einschränkungen. Luftschleusen für die Zuschauer und auch für die Zugänge in den Innenraum erschwerten die Entleerung des Stadions im Evakuierungsfall. Die hohen Energieaufwendungen für die Gebläse und die Abtauanlage sind heute nicht mehr vermittelbar und erwiesen sich zudem als betriebswirtschaftliches Problem. Zusätzlich wünschte sich einer der beiden Hauptnutzer, die Fußball spielenden Vancouver Whitecaps, Spiele unter freiem Himmel austragen zu können. Desweiteren sollte das gesamte Stadion renoviert und – auch in Bezug auf die sehr hohe Erdbebenbeanspruchung – auf den neuesten sicherheitstechnischen Stand gebracht werden. Mit dem neuen Entwurf wurde eine sehr komplexe Aufgabenstellung bewältigt: Eine moderne Dachkonstruktion mit wandelbarem Innendach wurde auf eine existierende Stahlbetonkonstruktion aufgesetzt.

The crown of Vancouver – Revitalisation of the BC Place Stadium. The BC Place Stadium is situated in the city centre of Vancouver directly next to False Creek. The old stadium, with a capacity for 60,000 people, was opened in 1983 until its demolition. It was the world’s largest air dome. With time, massive operational constraints appeared due to the fully inflated inner space of the air dome. Emergency evacuation of the stadium was complicated due to required air locks on spectator and access routes. The high energy consumption for the inflation units and the snow melting system were not practical anymore and were an economical problem for the user. In addition one of the two main users, the Vancouver Whitecaps, always wanted to have the possibility to play open air. Furthermore, the complete stadium complex had to be renovated and – with regard to the massive seismic demands on the structure – updated to the state of the art. With the new design a very complex task has been solved: A state of the art roof structure with a retractable inner roof was added onto an existing concrete bowl structure.
Shenzhen Universiade Sportzentrum
Authors: Plieninger Sven , Chen Wei
Published: June 2012

Die Sommer‐Universiade 2011 wurde vom 12. bis 23. August in der chinesischen Stadt Shenzhen ausgetragen. Hierfür entstand das neue Shenzhen Universiade Sportzentrum mit einem Hauptstadion, einer Multifunktionshalle und einem Schwimmstadion. Gemeinsam mit den Architekten von Gerkan, Marg und Partner (gmp) hat schlaich bergermann und partner erfolgreich an zwei internationalen Wettbewerben teilgenommen, dem “Shenzhen Universiade Sportzentrum“ und “Shenzhen Baoan Stadium“. Der folgende Beitrag berichtet über die Planung und Ausführung der Dachstrukturen der drei Sportstätten des Universiade Sportzentrum. Das Shenzhen Universiade Sportzentrum war die Hauptsportstätte der Sommer‐Universiade 2011 für Veranstaltungen der Leichtathletik, des Basketballs und der Schwimmdisziplinen. Für die im Jahr 2007 begonnenen Arbeiten übernahm schlaich bergermann und partner in Zusammenarbeit mit den Architekten sowie den in China beauftragten Partnerinstituten die Tragwerkplanung der Dachstrukturen aller drei Gebäude.

Sophisticated crystal ‐ Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center. The Summer‐Universiade 2011 took place in the chinese city Shenzhen from the 12th to the 13th of August. For this event the new Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center with a main stadium, a multi‐function hall, and a swimming stadium were designed. Working in conjunction with the architects von Gerkan, Marg und Partner (gmp), schlaich bergermann und partner successfully participated in the two international competitions for the “Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center” and the “Shenzhen Baoan Stadium.” The following article reports on the planning and design of the roof structures of the three sports facilities of the Universiade Sports Center.
Polnisches Nationalstadion in Warschau
Authors: Göppert Knut , Haspel Lorenz , Stockhusen Knut
Published: June 2012

Das neue polnische Nationalstadion gründet sich auf den aufgeschütteten Trümmern der im Zweiten Weltkrieg zerstörten Stadt Warschau. Mit Begeisterung und Respekt haben wir an der Realisierung eines neuen Wahrzeichens für Warschau auf diesem historisch bedeutsamen Boden mitgewirkt. Gemeinsam mit Planern und ausführenden Firmen aus Polen, Deutschland, Italien und der Schweiz wurde mit dieser Arena ein technischer und funktionaler Meilenstein gesetzt und ingenieurtechnisches Neuland betreten. Der Entwurf einer Multifunktionsarena mit wintertauglichem, verfahrbarem Innendach und die Umsetzung in ein leistungsfähiges Tragwerk mit beweglichen Komponenten führten zu zahlreichen interessanten Aufgaben, über die im Folgenden berichtet werden soll.

National Stadium Warsaw. Underneath the foundations of the newly constructed Polish National Stadium rest the wreckage that was removed from the city after the destruction of Warsaw during World War Two. The opportunity to contribute to the design and realization of a new landmark for the Capital and the Polish Nation on such historical grounds was an extraordinary honour for us. The realization of this arena, working in conjunction with designers and companies from Poland, Germany, Italy and Switzerland established a milestone, technically and functionally. It necessitated the development of innovative solutions in response to new engineering challenges, many of which had not been encountered before. The design of this expressive multifunctional arena with a retractable inner roof above the green field, suitable even for winter, and the realization of an efficient structure with moveable components resulted in various interesting engineering tasks. This article shall give insight into some of these topics and the way they have been dealt with.
Windkanaltests zur Ermittlung der Windlasten auf Stadiondächer
Authors: Wacker Jürgen
Published: June 2012

Für die statische Bemessung neuer Stadionüberdachungen sind Windlasten oftmals die bemessungsrelevanten Einwirkungen. Es entspricht dem Stand der Technik, die Bemessungswindlasten für Stadiondächer in einem Windkanalversuch zu ermitteln. In diesem Beitrag wird beschrieben, wie solche Untersuchungen durchgeführt werden. Insbesondere wird aufgezeigt, wie sehr sich der Modellbau, die Messungen im Windkanal, die Auswertung der Messdaten und die Aufbereitung der Windlasten im Laufe der Jahre weiterentwickelt haben. Unterschiedliche Bemessungsaspekte werden angesprochen. Anhand dieser Weiterentwicklungen wird verdeutlicht, warum im Hinblick auf Windlastuntersuchungen für Stadiondächer numerische Strömungsberechnungen (CFD‐Berechnungen) nicht in der Lage sind, dem heutigen Stand der Technik entsprechend durchgeführte Windkanaltests zu ersetzen.

Determination of wind loads on stadium roofs by means of wind tunnel tests. Wind loads often are very important with regard to the design of new stadium roofs. It is state of the art, to determine the design wind loads for stadium roofs by means of appropriate wind tunnel tests. In this contribution it is described, how such wind tunnel studies are to be done. In particular new developments in model construction, methodology of wind pressure measurements in the wind tunnel, data analysis and documentation of design wind loads are summarized. Different design aspects are summarized. Finally, by consideration of these new developments in wind tunnel testing it is described, why numerical flow simulations (cfd = computational fluid dynamics) are not appropriate to determine design wind loads for stadium roofs adequately.
Stadien – Komfort – Energie
Authors: Bleicher Volkmar , Keßling Wolfgang , Engelhardt Martin
Published: June 2012

Wenn über Stadien, im Besonderen über Fußballstadien, diskutiert wird, spielen vor allem die Fragen des Komforts eines Zuschauers eine große Rolle. Die Ansprüche an die Nähe zum Geschehen, die Sicht auf das Spielfeld, aber auch den Komfort der Sitze bis hin zum Umfang des Bedarfs an VIP‐Plätzen sind hoch, wobei Kosten, besonders die Energie betreffende, in den meisten Fällen eine untergeordnete Rolle spielen.

Seit der Vergabe der Ausrichtung der FIFA Fußball WM 2022 an das Emirat Katar auf der arabischen Halbinsel schärft sich der Blick für das Thema Energie. Nichtexperten sowie Fachleute sprechen von der Unmöglichkeit, für alle Beteiligten akzeptable Spielbedingungen herzustellen und vom unangemessen hohen Energieaufwand für die Kühlung der Spielstätten. Bei der Betrachtung der mehrheitlich vollverglasten Bauten im Nahen Osten, die meist auf unter 18 °C gekühlt werden, liegt diese Annahme nahe. Es sollte dabei jedoch nicht außer Acht gelassen werden, dass generell extreme Außentemperaturen extremer Maßnahmen zur Regulierung bedürfen, in sehr kalten Regionen werden Sportstätten und Bäder mit derart hohem Aufwand geheizt. Die Umweltbelastungen sind in beiden Fällen enorm und es bedarf neuer Möglichkeiten, den Energieverbrauch bei gleichbleibender Qualität der Bedingungen zu reduzieren. Hierfür ist es sinnvoll, die zurzeit geltenden Auslegungsparameter hinsichtlich Komfort und dem daraus resultierenden Energieverbrauch zu analysieren.
Evaluation of ground motion scaling methods in soil–structure interaction analysis
Authors: Abedi‐Nik Farhad , Khoshnoudian Faramarz
Published: June 2012

Dynamic analysis of structures deals with scaling of ground motions, which is vital for estimation of seismic responses. A major source of variability in seismic responses of structures arises from scaling of ground motions. In this paper, the accuracy of six conventional scaling methods on estimation of engineering demand parameters of soil–structure interacting systems is investigated. Two‐dimensional structural models of 5, 10, and 20 stories shear buildings are studied by using stick models, whereas the underlying soil is modeled using the cone model concept. This research attempts to elucidate the accuracy of considered methods for the evaluation of responses. The results show that a suitable scaling method for a response may differ from one to another in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibodies for all: The case for genome‐wide affinity reagents
Authors: Sidhu Sachdev S.
Published: June 2012

For more than 30 years, the production of research antibodies has been dominated by hybridoma technologies, while modern recombinant technologies have lagged behind. Here I discuss why this situation must change if we are to generate reliable, comprehensive reagent sets on a genome‐wide scale, and I describe how a cultural shift in the research community could revolutionize and modernize the affinity reagent field. In turn, such a revolution would pay huge dividends by closing the gap between basic research and therapeutic development, thus enabling the development of myriad new therapies for unmet medical needs.
Regulatory modules: Coupling protein stability to phopshoregulation during cell division
Authors: Holt Liam J.
Published: June 2012

Multiple post‐translational regulation systems regulate cell biology. Two key mechanisms that coordinate the myriad processes of cell replication are phosphorylation and ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of proteins. Regulatory modules have evolved to integrate these two control systems at key decision points in the cell division cycle. These modules enable information to be processed with high fidelity by filtering noise, improving specificity, generating feedback loops, and optimizing spatiotemporal coordination of cellular processes. This review provides examples of these modules and considers the advantages of this signaling nexus.
BRAF, GNAQ, and GNA11 mutations and copy number in pediatric low‐grade glioma
Authors: Laviv Yosef , Toledano Helen , Michowiz Shalom , Dratviman-Storobinsky Olga , Turm Yuval , Fichman-Horn Suzana , Kagnovski Ella , Goldenberg-Cohen Nitza
Published: June 2012

Fifty‐two samples of pediatric low‐grade glioma (48 primary, 4 recurrent) were analyzed for BRAF copy number variation (digital PCR analysis, CopyCaller) and point mutations of BRAF V600E, and exon 5 Q209 in GNAQ, and GNA11, using the MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometer with validation by direct sequencing. An increased BRAF copy number was found in 18/47 primary samples tested; 15 of them (83.3%) were pilocytic astrocytomas. A BRAF mutation was found in 3/48 primary tumors, all with a normal BRAF copy number and no GNAQ mutation. One sample had a GNAQ209 mutation (Q209P626) with a normal BRAF gene; none of the tumors had a GNA11Q209 mutation. Recurrent or progressive tumors, analyzed in four patients, had the same molecular genotype as their primary. Increased BRAF copy number and activating BRAF mutations may be involved in the development of low‐grade glioma via overactivation of the Ras/Raf pathway. This is the first report of a mutation in GNAQ209 in pediatric low‐grade glioma. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying glioma initiation and growth may assist in the development of targeted therapies.
Effects of experimentally induced maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on the development of rat offspring: II—The developmental pattern of neurons in relation to oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system
Authors: Ahmed O.M. , Ahmed R.G. , El‐Gareib A.W. , El‐Bakry A.M. , Abd El‐Tawab S.M.
Published: June 2012

Excessive concentrations of free radicals in the developing brain may lead to neurons maldevelopment and neurons damage and death. Thyroid hormones (THs) states play an important role in affecting the modulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. Thus, the objective of this study was to clarify the effect of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in rat dams on the neurons development of different brain regions of their offspring at several postnatal weeks in relation to changes in the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. The adult female rats were administered methimazole (MMI) in drinking water (0.02% w/v) from gestation day 1 to lactation day 21 to induce hypothyroidism and exogenous thyroxine (T4) in drinking water (0.002% w/v) beside intragastric incubation of 50––200 T4 μg/kg body weight (b. wt.) to induce hyperthyroidism. In normal female rats, the sera total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels were detectably increased at day 10 post‐partum than those at day 10 of pregnancy. Free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyrotropin (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) concentrations in normal offspring were elevated at first, second and third postnatal weeks in an age‐dependent manner. In hypothyroid group, a marked depression was observed in sera of dam TT3 and TT4 as well as offspring FT3, FT4 and GH, while there was a significant increase in TSH level with the age progress. The reverse pattern to latter state was recorded in hyperthyroid group. Concomitantly, in control offspring, the rate of neuron development in both cerebellar and cerebral cortex was increased in its density and complexity with age progress. This development may depend, largely, on THs state. Both maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism caused severe growth retardation in neurons of these regions of their offspring from the first to third weeks. Additionally, in normal offspring, seven antioxidant enzymes, four non‐enzymatic antioxidants and one oxidative stress marker (lipid peroxidation, LPO) followed a synchronized course of alterations in cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. In both thyroid states, the oxidative damage has been demonstrated by the increased LPO and inhibition of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants in most examined ages and brain regions. These disturbances in the antioxidant defense system led to deterioration in the neuronal maturation and development. In conclusion, it can be suggested that the maldevelopment of neurons and dendrites in different brain regions of offspring of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid mother rat dams may be attributed, at least in part, to the excess oxidative stress and deteriorated antioxidant defense system in such conditions.
Hypothalamic expression of snoRNASnord116is consistent with a link to the hyperphagia and obesity symptoms of Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Zhang Qian , Bouma Gerrit J. , McClellan Kristy , Tobet Stuart
Published: June 2012

The hypothalamus is integral to the regulation of body homeostasis, including food intake, energy balance, and blood pressure. Dysfunction of the hypothalamus has been associated with a broad range of disorders; many of which are sex‐dependent in prevalence. Small nucleolar (sno) RNAs are a group of small RNAs located in nucleoli that modulate chemical modifications and maturation of ribosomal or other RNAs. Recent data suggest that snoRNASnord116is important for the pathogenesis of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) characterized by hyperphagia and obesity. The current study was conducted to assess a potential cellular link betweenSnord116and phenotypes of PWS. Data from mice revealedSnord116expression in the medial hypothalamus, particularly within nuclei that are part of feeding circuitry. High expression ofSnord116was evident in the paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei, but particularly prevalent in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) according toin situhybridization.Snord116expression level in ventral hypothalamic dissections including ARC was significantly greater (by 2‐fold) than that in cortex; and its expression level in dorsal hypothalamic dissections including PVN was double that in cortex. The enhanced expression pattern ofSnord116in hypothalamic nuclei was observed at weaning and young adult stages, but less obvious neonatally when expression was significantly more widespread. Therefore the expression ofSnord116likely is regulated developmentally. These results provide a new lead for understanding the mechanism(s) related to hyperphagia and obesity symptoms in PWS patients.
Reconstruction of the late Quaternary paleoenvironments of the Nussloch loess paleosol sequence, Germany, usingn-alkane biomarkers
Authors: Zech Michael , Rass Simon , Buggle Björn , Löscher Manfred , Zöller Ludwig
Published: June 2012

This study contributes to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the loess–paleosol sequence of Nussloch, Germany, by usingn-alkanes as plant leaf-wax-derived lipid biomarkers. We found thatn-alkane patterns and concentrations in the Saalian loess and the last interglacial Eemian paleosol of Nussloch point to very strong degradation and prevailing deciduous vegetation. Degradation effects in the overlying paleosols and loess layers are less pronounced and allow for the application of an end-member mixing model to estimate vegetation changes semi-quantitatively. Our findings highlight the potential for the interpretation of degradation-correctedn-alkane ratios.n-Alkane modelling results for loess layers, paleosols and an in-filled paleochannel dated to ~ 60–32 ka suggest that up to ~ 50% of then-alkanes were derived from deciduous trees or shrubs. This finding is in agreement with the abundant occurrence of wood fragments and indicates a highly variable and dynamic landscape dominated by tundra shrubland. On the other hand, deciduous trees or shrubs did not contribute significantly to the soil organic matter in the late Weichselian loess layers and the intercalated Gelic Gleysols (~ 32–18 ka).
Sexual
Modernity in the Works of Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Albert Moll
Authors: Oosterhuis Harry
Published: June 2012

The modern notion of sexuality took shape at the end of the nineteenth century, especially in the works of Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Albert Moll. This modernisation of sexuality was closely linked to the recognition of sexual diversity, as it was articulated in the medical–psychiatric understanding of what, at that time, was labelled as perversion. From around 1870, psychiatrists shifted the focus from immoral acts, a temporary deviation of the norm, to an innate morbid condition. In the late nineteenth century, several psychiatrists, collecting and publishing more and more case histories, classified and explained the wide range of deviant sexual behaviours they traced. The emergence of medical sexology meant that perversions could be diagnosed and discussed. Against this background both Krafft-Ebing and Moll articulated a new perspective, not only on perversion, but also on sexuality in general. Krafft-Ebing initiated and Moll elaborated a shift from a psychiatric perspective in which deviant sexuality was explained as a derived, episodic and more or less singular symptom of a more fundamental mental disorder, to a consideration of perversion as an integral part of a more general, autonomous and continuous sexual instinct. Before Sigmund Freud and others had expressed similar views, it was primarily through the writings of Krafft-Ebing and Moll that a new understanding of human sexuality emerged.
Loss of Innocence: Albert Moll, Sigmund Freud and the Invention of Childhood Sexuality Around 1900
Authors: Sauerteig Lutz D.H.
Published: June 2012

This paper analyses how, prior to the work of Sigmund Freud, an understanding of infant and childhood sexuality emerged during the nineteenth century. Key contributors to the debate were Albert Moll, Max Dessoir and others, asfin-de-siècleartists and writers celebrated a sexualised image of the child. By the beginning of the twentieth century, most paediatricians, sexologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts and pedagogues agreed that sexuality formed part of a child’s ‘normal’ development. This paper argues that the main disagreements in discourses about childhood sexuality related to different interpretations of children’s sexual experiences. On the one hand stood an explanation that argued for a homology between children’s and adults’ sexual experiences, on the other hand was an understanding that suggested that adults and children had distinct and different experiences. Whereas the homological interpretation was favoured by the majority of commentators, including Moll, Freud, and to some extent also by C.G. Jung, the heterological interpretation was supported by a minority, including childhood psychologist Charlotte Bühler.
The Sexologist Albert Moll – between Sigmund Freud and Magnus Hirschfeld
Authors: Sigusch Volkmar
Published: June 2012

Albert Moll was one of the most influential sexologists during the first three decades of the twentieth century. In contrast to his rivals Sigmund Freud and Magnus Hirschfeld, his achievements have not yet been recognised adequately. The author gives a comparative account of the work of these three protagonists. This shows that Moll formed some ideas which are regarded as psychoanalytical today before Freud, and that he, in contrast to Hirschfeld, was able to reflect critically on contemporary discourses, such as the debates on racial improvement through eugenics. As scientific theories, Freud’s psychoanalysis represented the unconscious, fantasy, experience and latency, while Moll’s sexology represented consciousness, ontological reality, behaviour and manifestation. Moll’s major disagreement with Hirschfeld’s sexology was his advocacy of apolitical and impartial science, whereas Hirschfeld’s aim was to achieve sexual reforms politically. Added to these differences were strong personal animosities. Freud called Moll a ‘beast’ and ‘pettifogger’; and Moll complained about Hirschfeld’s ‘problematic’ character. When Hirschfeld escaped the Nazi terror and went to Paris, Moll denounced him in order to prevent him rebuilding a new existence in exile.
Sexual Science and Sexual Forensics in 1920s Germany: Albert Moll as (S)Expert
Authors: Conn Matthew
Published: June 2012

Using court records involving the expert testimony of the Berlin sexologist Albert Moll, my article demonstrates that during the early 1920s a shift in the ‘epistemologies of justice’ concerning the adjudication of sex crimes took place within German courtrooms. Namely, presiding judges considered a greater number of sexual acts as punishable, despite no change in the laws themselves. Central to my argument is the role of expert testimony in practice and its critical reception. By focusing upon the rhetorical strategies presented by attorneys, judges and expert witnesses (as well as defendants themselves and their relatives), it illustrates the functions of expert and tacit knowledge in court, which were often not mutually exclusive. Moll’s stature also enabled him to translate his scientific–medical expertise into state support for his testimonies, as well as the rebuilding of an international community of sexological authorities. It was only under Moll’s leadership that the First International Sexology Congress could take place in 1926, an event that marked the apex of his prestige.
‘God’s Ethicist’: Albert Moll and His Medical Ethics in Theory and Practice
Authors: Maehle Andreas-Holger
Published: June 2012

In 1902, Albert Moll, who at that time ran a private practice for nervous diseases in Berlin, published his comprehensive book on medical ethics,Ärztliche Ethik. Based on the concept of a contractual relationship between doctor and client, it gave more room to the self-determination of patients than the contemporary, usually rather paternalistic, works of this genre. In the first part of the present paper this is illustrated by examining Moll’s views and advice on matters such as truthfulness towards patients, euthanasia, and abortion. The second part of this article discusses how Moll engaged with the then publicly debated issues of experimentation on hospital patients and the ‘trade’ of foreign private patients between agents and medical consultants. In both matters Moll collected evidence of unethical practices and tried to use it to bring about change without damaging his or the profession’s reputation. However, with his tactical manoeuvres, Moll made no friends for himself among his colleagues or the authorities; his book on ethics also met with a generally cool response from the medical profession and seems to have been more appreciated by lawyers than by other doctors.
‘Trick’, ‘Manipulation’ and ‘Farce’: Albert Moll’s Critique of Occultism
Authors: Wolffram Heather
Published: June 2012

In July 1925, the psychiatrist Albert Moll appeared before the district court in Berlin-Schöneberg charged with having defamed the medium Maria Vollhardt (alias Rudloff) in his 1924 bookDer Spiritismus[Spiritism]. Supported by some of Berlin’s most prominent occultists, the plaintiff – the medium’s husband – argued that Moll’s use of terms such as ‘trick’, ‘manipulation’ and ‘farce’ in reference to Vollhardt’s phenomena had been libellous. In the three-part trial that followed, however, Moll’s putative affront to the medium – of which he was eventually acquitted – was overshadowed, on the one hand, by a debate over the scientific status of parapsychology, and on the other, by the question of who – parapsychologists, occultists, psychiatrists or jurists – was entitled to claim epistemic authority over the occult. This paper will use the Rudloff–Moll trial as a means of examining Moll’s critique of occultism, not only as it stood in the mid-1920s, but also as it had developed since the 1880s. It will also provide insight into the views of Germany’s occultists and parapsychologists, who argued that their legitimate bid for scientific credibility was hindered byDunkelmänner[obscurantists] such as Albert Moll.
The first Furongian (late Cambrian) echinoderm from the British Isles
Authors: ZAMORA SAMUEL
Published: June 2012

Furongian (late Cambrian) echinoderms are extremely rare in the fossil record and only two previous reports have been described from the Paibian Stage worldwide. Here, the third occurrence of an echinoderm from the Paibian, and the first ever reported in the Furongian of Britain is presented. It is a primitive pelmatozoan which shows intermediate characteristics between eocrinoids with columnal-bearing stems and primitive glyptocystitid rhombiferans. The palaeobiogeographic affinities of Cambrian echinoderm faunas from Britain, eastern Avalonia, are shown to be with Gondwana.
Characterization of hydrophobic-ligand-binding proteins of Taenia solium that are expressed specifically in the adult stage
Authors: RAHMAN M. , LEE E.-G. , KIM S.-H. , BAE Y.-A. , WANG H. , YANG Y. , KONG Y.
Published: June 2012

Taenia solium, a causative agent of taeniasis and cysticercosis, has evolved a repertoire of lipid uptake mechanisms. Proteome analysis of T. solium excretory-secretory products (TsESP) identified 10 kDa proteins displaying significant sequence identity with cestode hydrophobic-ligand-binding-proteins (HLBPs). Two distinct 362- and 352-bp-long cDNAs encoding 264- and 258-bp-long open reading frames (87 and 85 amino acid polypeptides) were isolated by mining the T. solium expressed sequence tags and a cDNA library screening (TsHLBP1 and TsHLBP2; 94% sequence identity). They clustered into the same clade with those found in Moniezia expansa and Hymenolepis diminuta. Genomic structure analysis revealed that these genes might have originated from a common ancestor. Both the crude TsESP and bacterially expressed recombinant proteins exhibited binding activity toward 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (1,8-ANS), which was competitively inhibited by oleic acid. The proteins also bound to cis-parinaric acid (cPnA) and 16-(9-anthroyloxy) palmitic acid (16-AP), but showed no binding activity against 11-[(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) amino] undecanoic acid (DAUDA) and dansyl-DL-α-aminocaprylic acid (DACA). Unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) showed greater affinity than saturated FAs. The proteins were specifically expressed in adult worms throughout the strobila. The TsHLBPs might be involved in uptake and/or sequestration of hydrophobic molecules provided by their hosts, thus contributing to host-parasite interface interrelationships.
Temporal association of stress sensitivity and symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: DeVylder J. E. , Ben-David S. , Schobel S. A. , Kimhy D. , Malaspina D. , Corcoran C. M.
Published: June 2012

Background

Increased sensitivity and exposure to stress are associated with psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia and its risk states, but little is known about the co-evolution of stress sensitivity and exposure with positive and other symptoms in a clinical high-risk (CHR) cohort.

Method

A combined cross-sectional and longitudinal design was used to examine the associations over time of stress sensitivity and exposure (i.e. life events) with ‘prodromal’ symptoms in a cohort of 65 CHR patients assessed quarterly for up to 4 years, and at baseline in 24 healthy controls similar in age and gender.

Results

Impaired stress tolerance was greater in patients, in whom it was associated over time with positive and negative symptoms, in addition to depression, anxiety and poor function. By contrast, life events were comparable in patients and controls, and bore no association with symptoms. In this treated cohort, there was a trajectory of improvement in stress tolerance, symptoms and function over time.

Conclusions

Impaired stress tolerance was associated with a wide range of ‘prodromal’ symptoms, consistent with it being a core feature of the psychosis risk state. Self-reported life events were not relevant as a correlate of clinical status. As in other treated CHR cohorts, most patients improved over time across symptom domains.
Trading implements in early Troy
Authors: Bobokhyan A.
Published: June 2012

The traditional view of Troy as a kind of central site presupposes balance weights and other artefacts that attest weighing procedures among the excavated material. Indeed, already in the works of Homer it is possible to find references to premonetary aspects (for example, the gold standard τάλαντον). The main purpose of this investigation is to provide an archaeological view on the issue of trading implements and their significance in early Troy. The principal group of objects defined as balance weights was unearthed during the excavations of Heinrich Schliemann. By contrast, very little data derive from Wilhelm Dörpfeld's activities at the site. Balance weights are known also from the recent excavations of Manfred Korfmann. In two previous reports I presented the state of balance weights found in the Schliemann and Korfmann excavations (Bobokhyan 2006; 2008a). The aim of this article is to consider the main stages of the investigation of balance weights, with special reference to the excavations of Carl Blegen in Troy. The main problem related to the study of the Trojan balance weights is the lack of knowledge about the archaeological contexts for many of the finds. A considerable number of these implements has been lost or is inaccessible. However, their compilation assists in understanding the abstract way-of-thinking and value perception of the population of ancient Troy. The actual number of balance weights from Troy can be estimated at ca 100. The main period of their appearance is during Troy II–V, less in Troy VI. The principal forms represented are ellipsoid (‘sphendonoid’) and domed, and the materials used most for the weights are haematite as well as granite, basalt, marble and limestone. New research has revealed the existence of multiple weighing systems in Bronze Age Troy, a situation that was typical for mercantile centres such as Tepe Sialk, Susa or Kanes. The investigation of the Trojan balance weights and their contexts hints at the existence of Aegean and eastern Mediterranean, more precisely northern Syrian, directions of contacts.
A new dated coin of Tarkondimotos II from Anazarbos
Authors: Wright Nicholas L.
Published: June 2012

This short note is intended to supplement the paper ‘Anazarbos and the Tarkondimotid kings of Kilikia’ published in Anatolian Studies 58 (2008). It presents a new dated variety of a quasi-municipal bronze coin from Anazarbos minted in 19 BC – during the reign of Tarkondimotos II – and places this within the chronological framework established in the earlier publication.
Artemidi to ichnos: divine feet and hereditary priesthood in Pisidian Pogla
Authors: Petridou Georgia
Published: June 2012

This paper examines an unpublished dedicatory inscription to Artemis (Ephesia?), which was found in Pogla in Pisidia by S. Mitchell. The dedication seems to have accompanied a sculptured bare foot or a foot with a sandal, which has not survived. The inscription is set against a whole set of feet- and footwear-related monuments and dedicatory inscriptions from the nearby regions with special emphasis on similar dedications from Termessos. Moreover, the present paper examines the relationship between the Pogla dedication and another dedicatory monument in honour of Artemis Ephesia (in all likelihood from Cremna), which was first published and discussed by G.H.R Horsley in 1992.
The hidden material culture of the Dark Ages. Early medieval ceramics at Sagalassos (Turkey): new evidence (ca AD 650–800)
Authors: Vionis Athanasios K. , Poblome Jeroen , Waelkens Marc
Published: June 2012

On the basis of recent archaeological evidence unearthed in the course of systematic excavations by the Sagalassos Archaeological Research Project (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) in southwestern Turkey, this paper attempts to pull together different strings of ceramic data in order to bridge the era between late antiquity and the Middle Ages (mid seventh century to ninth century AD). Our aim is to present samples of the ceramic assemblages excavated at the site of ancient Sagalassos from layers that are most probably dated to the late seventh and eighth centuries. An attempt has been made to examine rigorously the stratigraphy and its contents that are admittedly completely different to the known ceramic forms of the late Roman/early Byzantine (fourth century to mid seventh century) and middle Byzantine (early tenth century to mid 13th century) periods at Sagalassos. Five different pottery types are presented, both kitchenwares and tablewares. The fact that all the ware types presented here are local products should not be seen necessarily as a result of a general decline in trade, rural and/or urban life, but rather as a local response to a generally changing economic system and an emerging local pottery tradition based on household-organised production. The shift from the Roman mass-produced and customised wares (that started to disappear from the market) to non-specialised local/regional production (that started to satisfy basic household needs) need not have been a sudden one. Our ultimate aim is to contribute to recent attempts to throw more light on the archaeologically ‘hidden’ material culture of the so-called ‘Dark Ages’.
Silivri and the Thracian hinterland of Istanbul: an historic landscape
Authors: Crow Jim , Turner Sam
Published: June 2012

Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) is a method for mapping, presenting and understanding the landscape with reference to its historical development. By using high-resolution satellite imagery and archive maps we have employed Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to integrate these data with other archaeological and historical sources to create HLC-based case-studies on landscapes in the eastern Mediterranean. This article is one of two pilot studies and aims to map the landscape character in the area around Silivri west of Istanbul. HLC analysis reveals much more diversity and complexity than might be expected. The results have revealed a far greater time-depth than was anticipated with important implications for future landscape research and for regional planning.