bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counter‐Helical Magnetic Flux Ropes From Magnetic Reconnections in Space Plasmas
Authors: Jia Ying‐Dong , Qi Yi , Wang Xueyi , Miles Nathan , Russell C. T. , Wei Hanying
Published: April 2024

Magnetic flux ropes are ubiquitous in various space environments, including the solar corona, interplanetary solar wind, and planetary magnetospheres. When these flux ropes intertwine, magnetic reconnection may occur at the interface, forming disentangled new ropes. Some of these newly formed ropes contain reversed helicity along their axes, diverging from the traditional flux rope model. We introduce new observations and interpretations of these newly formed flux ropes from existing Hall Magnetohydrodynamics model results. We first examine the time‐varying local magnetic field direction at the impact interface to assess the likelihood of reconnection. Then we investigate the electric current system to describe the evolution of these structures, which potentially accelerate particles and heat the plasma. This study offers novel insights into the dynamics of space plasmas and suggests a potential solar wind heating source, calling for further synthetic observations.
Genetic and pharmacological reduction of CDK14 mitigates synucleinopathy
Authors: Parmasad Jean-Louis A. , Ricke Konrad M. , Nguyen Benjamin , Stykel Morgan G. , Buchner-Duby Brodie , Bruce Amanda , Geertsma Haley M. , Lian Eric , Lengacher Nathalie A. , Callaghan Steve M. , Joselin Alvin , Tomlinson Julianna J. , Schlossmacher Michael G. , Stanford William L. , Ma Jiyan , Brundin Patrik , Ryan Scott D. , Rousseaux Maxime W. C.
Published: April 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DaNs) and the abnormal accumulation of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) protein. Currently, no treatment can slow nor halt the progression of PD. Multiplications and mutations of the α-Syn gene (SNCA) cause PD-associated syndromes and animal models that overexpress α-Syn replicate several features of PD. Decreasing total α-Syn levels, therefore, is an attractive approach to slow down neurodegeneration in patients with synucleinopathy. We previously performed a genetic screen for modifiers of α-Syn levels and identified CDK14, a kinase of largely unknown function as a regulator of α-Syn. To test the potential therapeutic effects of CDK14 reduction in PD, we ablated Cdk14 in the α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFF)-induced PD mouse model. We found that loss of Cdk14 mitigates the grip strength deficit of PFF-treated mice and ameliorates PFF-induced cortical α-Syn pathology, indicated by reduced numbers of pS129 α-Syn-containing cells. In primary neurons, we found that Cdk14 depletion protects against the propagation of toxic α-Syn species. We further validated these findings on pS129 α-Syn levels in PD patient neurons. Finally, we leveraged the recent discovery of a covalent inhibitor of CDK14 to determine whether this target is pharmacologically tractable in vitro and in vivo. We found that CDK14 inhibition decreases total and pathologically aggregated α-Syn in human neurons, in PFF-challenged rat neurons and in the brains of α-Syn-humanized mice. In summary, we suggest that CDK14 represents a novel therapeutic target for PD-associated synucleinopathy.
Low thermal contact resistance boron nitride nanosheets composites enabled by interfacial arc-like phonon bridge
Authors: Zhan Ke , Chen Yucong , Xiong Zhiyuan , Zhang Yulun , Ding Siyuan , Zhen Fangzheng , Liu Zhenshi , Wei Qiang , Liu Minsu , Sun Bo , Cheng Hui-Ming , Qiu Ling
Published: April 2024

Two-dimensional materials with ultrahigh in-plane thermal conductivity are ideal for heat spreader applications but cause significant thermal contact resistance in complex interfaces, limiting their use as thermal interface materials. In this study, we present an interfacial phonon bridge strategy to reduce the thermal contact resistance of boron nitride nanosheets-based composites. By using a low-molecular-weight polymer, we are able to manipulate the alignment of boron nitride nanosheets through sequential stacking and cutting, ultimately achieving flexible thin films with a layer of arc-like structure superimposed on perpendicularly aligned ones. Our results suggest that arc-like structure can act as a phonon bridge to lower the contact resistance by 70% through reducing phonon back-reflection and enhancing phonon coupling efficiency at the boundary. The resulting composites exhibit ultralow thermal contact resistance of 0.059 in2 KW−1, demonstrating effective cooling of fast-charging batteries at a thickness 2-5 times thinner than commercial products.
Context-aware deep learning enables high-efficacy localization of high concentration microbubbles for super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy
Authors: Shin YiRang , Lowerison Matthew R. , Wang Yike , Chen Xi , You Qi , Dong Zhijie , Anastasio Mark A. , Song Pengfei
Published: April 2024

Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) enables deep tissue microvascular imaging by localizing and tracking intravenously injected microbubbles circulating in the bloodstream. However, conventional localization techniques require spatially isolated microbubbles, resulting in prolonged imaging time to obtain detailed microvascular maps. Here, we introduce LOcalization with Context Awareness (LOCA)-ULM, a deep learning-based microbubble simulation and localization pipeline designed to enhance localization performance in high microbubble concentrations. In silico, LOCA-ULM enhanced microbubble detection accuracy to 97.8% and reduced the missing rate to 23.8%, outperforming conventional and deep learning-based localization methods up to 17.4% in accuracy and 37.6% in missing rate reduction. In in vivo rat brain imaging, LOCA-ULM revealed dense cerebrovascular networks and spatially adjacent microvessels undetected by conventional ULM. We further demonstrate the superior localization performance of LOCA-ULM in functional ULM (fULM) where LOCA-ULM significantly increased the functional imaging sensitivity of fULM to hemodynamic responses invoked by whisker stimulations in the rat brain.
The CRISPR-Cas13a Gemini System for noncontiguous target RNA activation
Authors: Zhao Hongrui , Sheng Yan , Zhang Tenghua , Zhou Shujun , Zhu Yuqing , Qian Feiyang , Liu Meiru , Xu Weixue , Zhang Dengsong , Hu Jiaming
Published: April 2024

Simultaneous multi-target detection and multi-site gene editing are two key factors restricting the development of disease diagnostic and treatment technologies. Despite numerous explorations on the source, classification, functional features, crystal structure, applications and engineering of CRISPR-Cas13a, all reports use the contiguous target RNA activation paradigm that only enables single-target detection in vitro and one-site gene editing in vivo. Here we propose a noncontiguous target RNA activation paradigm of Cas13a and establish a CRISPR-Cas13a Gemini System composed of two Cas13a:crRNA binary complexes, which can provide rapid, simultaneous, highly specific and sensitive detection of two RNAs in a single readout, as well as parallel dual transgene knockdown. CRISPR-Cas13a Gemini System are demonstrated in the detection of two miRNAs (miR-155 and miR-375) for breast cancer diagnosis and two small RNAs (EBER-1 and EBER-2) for Epstein-Barr virus diagnosis using multiple diagnostic platforms, including fluorescence and colorimetric-based lateral flow systems. We also show that CRISPR-Cas13a Gemini System can knockdown two foreign genes (EGFP and mCherry transcripts) in mammalian cells simultaneously. These findings suggest the potential of highly effective and simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers and gene editing of multiple sites.
Crosslinking-induced patterning of MOFs by direct photo- and electron-beam lithography
Authors: Tian Xiaoli , Li Fu , Tang Zhenyuan , Wang Song , Weng Kangkang , Liu Dan , Lu Shaoyong , Liu Wangyu , Fu Zhong , Li Wenjun , Qiu Hengwei , Tu Min , Zhang Hao , Li Jinghong
Published: April 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with diverse chemistry, structures, and properties have emerged as appealing materials for miniaturized solid-state devices. The incorporation of MOF films in these devices, such as the integrated microelectronics and nanophotonics, requires robust patterning methods. However, existing MOF patterning methods suffer from some combinations of limited material adaptability, compromised patterning resolution and scalability, and degraded properties. Here we report a universal, crosslinking-induced patterning approach for various MOFs, termed as CLIP-MOF. Via resist-free, direct photo- and electron-beam (e-beam) lithography, the ligand crosslinking chemistry leads to drastically reduced solubility of colloidal MOFs, permitting selective removal of unexposed MOF films with developer solvents. This enables scalable, micro-/nanoscale (≈70 nm resolution), and multimaterial patterning of MOFs on large-area, rigid or flexible substrates. Patterned MOF films preserve their crystallinity, porosity, and other properties tailored for targeted applications, such as diffractive gas sensors and electrochromic pixels. The combined features of CLIP-MOF create more possibilities in the system-level integration of MOFs in various electronic, photonic, and biomedical devices.
De novo design of pH-responsive self-assembling helical protein filaments
Authors: Shen Hao , Lynch Eric M. , Akkineni Susrut , Watson Joseph L. , Decarreau Justin , Bethel Neville P. , Benna Issa , Sheffler William , Farrell Daniel , DiMaio Frank , Derivery Emmanuel , De Yoreo James J. , Kollman Justin , Baker David
Published: April 2024

Biological evolution has led to precise and dynamic nanostructures that reconfigure in response to pH and other environmental conditions. However, designing micrometre-scale protein nanostructures that are environmentally responsive remains a challenge. Here we describe the de novo design of pH-responsive protein filaments built from subunits containing six or nine buried histidine residues that assemble into micrometre-scale, well-ordered fibres at neutral pH. The cryogenic electron microscopy structure of an optimized design is nearly identical to the computational design model for both the subunit internal geometry and the subunit packing into the fibre. Electron, fluorescent and atomic force microscopy characterization reveal a sharp and reversible transition from assembled to disassembled fibres over 0.3 pH units, and rapid fibre disassembly in less than 1 s following a drop in pH. The midpoint of the transition can be tuned by modulating buried histidine-containing hydrogen bond networks. Computational protein design thus provides a route to creating unbound nanomaterials that rapidly respond to small pH changes.
Circular design strategies and economic sustainability of construction projects in china: the mediating role of organizational culture
Authors: Chen You , Yin Xiaomin , Lyu Chunwei
Published: April 2024

This research aims to elucidate the relationship between circular design strategies (CDS) and the economic sustainability of construction projects (ESCP), examining the mediating role of organizational culture (OC). Motivated by the imperative to develop a sustainable circular economy (CE) model in the building industry, our study focuses on a crucial dimension of CE processes. Specifically, we investigate how construction firms’ organizational values shape their pursuit of desired economic outcomes within CE theory. Through a comprehensive analysis of 359 responses from a cross-sectional survey of Chinese construction firms employing Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), our findings reveal a positive albeit weakly impactful association between CDS and ESCP. Simultaneously, OC is identified as a factor detrimental to ESCP. Notably, this study unveils the influential roles of hierarchical culture (HC) and group culture (GC) in shaping the current state of ESCP in China. Emphasizing the significance of CDS, we propose that contract administrators proactively reposition their organizations to adopt strategies conducive to achieving the necessary economic output for construction projects. The originality aspect lies in this research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering empirical insights into the theoretical framework, marking the first such empirical study in northern China. We conclude by critically examining research outcomes and limitations while providing insightful recommendations for future research to foster sustainable construction practices in the Chinese context.
In vivo validation of highly customized cranial Ti-6AL-4V ELI prostheses fabricated through incremental forming and superplastic forming: an ovine model study
Authors: Brogini Silvia , Crovace Alberto , Piccininni Antonio , Serratore Giuseppe , Marchiori Gregorio , Maglio Melania , Guglielmi Pasquale , Cusanno Angela , De Napoli Luigi , Conte Romina , Fini Milena , Ambrogio Giuseppina , Palumbo Gianfranco , Giavaresi Gianluca
Published: April 2024

Cranial reconstructions are essential for restoring both function and aesthetics in patients with craniofacial deformities or traumatic injuries. Titanium prostheses have gained popularity due to their biocompatibility, strength, and corrosion resistance. The use of Superplastic Forming (SPF) and Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) techniques to create titanium prostheses, specifically designed for cranial reconstructions was investigated in an ovine model through microtomographic and histomorphometric analyses. The results obtained from the explanted specimens revealed significant variations in bone volume, trabecular thickness, spacing, and number across different regions of interest (VOIs or ROIs). Those regions next to the center of the cranial defect exhibited the most immature bone, characterized by higher porosity, decreased trabecular thickness, and wider trabecular spacing. Dynamic histomorphometry demonstrated differences in the mineralizing surface to bone surface ratio (MS/BS) and mineral apposition rate (MAR) depending on the timing of fluorochrome administration. A layer of connective tissue separated the prosthesis and the bone tissue. Overall, the study provided validation for the use of cranial prostheses made using SPF and SPIF techniques, offering insights into the processes of bone formation and remodeling in the implanted ovine model.
Darcy Forchhiemer imposed exponential heat source-sink and activation energy with the effects of bioconvection over radially stretching disc
Authors: Nihaal K. M. , Mahabaleshwar U. S. , Joo S. W.
Published: April 2024

The Darcy–Forchheimer model is a commonly used and accurate method for simulating flow in porous media, proving beneficial for fluid separation, heat exchange, subsurface fluid transfer, filtration, and purification. The current study aims to describe heat and mass transfer in ternary nanofluid flow on a radially stretched sheet with activation energy. The velocity equation includes Darcy–Fochheimer porous media effects. The novelty of this study is enhanced by incorporating gyrotactic microorganisms which are versatile and in nanofluid can greatly improve the thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties of the base fluid, resulting in more efficient heat transfer systems. Furthermore, the governing PDEs are reduced to ODEs via appropriate similarity transformations. The influence of numerous parameters is expanded and physically depicted through the graphical illustration. As the Forchheimer number escalates, so do the medium's porosity and drag coefficient, resulting in more resistive forces and, as a result, lowering fluid velocity. It has been discovered that increasing the exponential heat source/sink causes convective flows that are deficient to transport heat away efficiently, resulting in a slower heat transfer rate. The concentration profile accumulates when the activation energy is large, resulting in a drop in the mass transfer rate. It is observed that the density of motile microorganisms increases with a rise in the Peclet number. Further, the results of the major engineering coefficients Skin-friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and Microorganism density number are numerically examined and tabulated. Also, the numerical outcomes were found to be identical to the previous study.
Development and validation of a questionnaire for assessing visual and auditory spatial localization abilities in dual sensory impairment
Authors: Xiong Yingzi , Nemargut Joseph Paul , Bradley Chris , Wittich Walter , Legge Gordon E.
Published: April 2024

Spatial localization is important for social interaction and safe mobility, and relies heavily on vision and hearing. While people with vision or hearing impairment compensate with their intact sense, people with dual sensory impairment (DSI) may require rehabilitation strategies that take both impairments into account. There is currently no tool for assessing the joint effect of vision and hearing impairment on spatial localization in this large and increasing population. To this end, we developed a novel Dual Sensory Spatial Localization Questionnaire (DS-SLQ) that consists of 35 everyday spatial localization tasks. The DS-SLQ asks participants about their difficulty completing different tasks using only vision or hearing, as well as the primary sense they rely on for each task. We administered the DS-SLQ to 104 participants with heterogenous vision and hearing status. Rasch analysis confirmed the psychometric validity of the DS-SLQ and the feasibility of comparing vision and hearing spatial abilities in a unified framework. Vision and hearing impairment were associated with decreased visual and auditory spatial abilities. Differences between vision and hearing abilities predicted overall sensory reliance patterns. In DSI rehabilitation, DS-SLQ may be useful for measuring vision and hearing spatial localization abilities and predicting the better sense for completing different spatial localization tasks.
Effectiveness of stress arousal reappraisal and stress-is-enhancing mindset interventions on task performance outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bosshard Michel , Gomez Patrick
Published: April 2024

Stress arousal reappraisal (SAR) and stress-is-enhancing (SIE) mindset interventions aim to promote a more adaptive stress response by educating individuals about the functionality of stress. As part of this framework, an adaptive stress response is coupled with improved performance on stressful tasks. The goal of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions on task performance. The literature search yielded 44 effect sizes, and a random-effects model with Knapp-Hartung adjustment was used to pool them. The results revealed an overall small significant improvement in task performance (d = 0.23, p < 0.001). The effect size was significantly larger for mixed interventions (i.e., SAR/SIE mindset instructions combined with additional content, k = 5, d = 0.45, p = 0.004) than SAR-only interventions (k = 33, d = 0.22, p < 0.001) and SIE mindset-only interventions (k = 6, d = 0.18, p = 0.22) and tended to be larger for public performance tasks than cognitive written tasks (k = 14, d = 0.34, p < 0.001 vs. k = 30, d = 0.20, p = 0.002). Although SAR and SIE mindset interventions are not “silver bullets”, they offer a promising cost-effective low-threshold approach to improve performance across various domains.
Prevalence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in liver transplant recipients and associated risk factors
Authors: Suarez-Zdunek Moises Alberto , Arentoft Nicoline Stender , Krohn Paul Suno , Lauridsen Emilie Høegholm Ernst , Afzal Shoaib , Høgh Julie , Thomsen Magda Teresa , Knudsen Andreas Dehlbæk , Nordestgaard Børge Grønne , Hillingsø Jens Georg , Villadsen Gerda Elisabeth , Holland-Fischer Peter , Rasmussen Allan , Fialla Anette Dam , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Nielsen Susanne D.
Published: April 2024

The prevalence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and associated risk factors are unknown in liver transplant recipients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and associated risk factors in liver transplant recipients and to compare it with controls from the general population. As part of the Danish Comorbidity in Liver Transplant Recipients (DACOLT) Study, all Danish liver transplant recipients over the age of 20 were invited for measurements of concentrations of thyrotropin and thyroid hormones. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism was compared to age- and sex-matched controls from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and body-mass index, we investigated potential risk factors. We recruited 489 liver transplant recipients and 1808 controls. Among liver transplant recipients, 14 (2.9%) had hyperthyroidism compared with 21 (1.2%) of controls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–4.75, P = 0.04), while 42 (5.7%) had hypothyroidism compared with 139 (7.7%) of controls (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.43–1.08, P = 0.10). Female sex, and autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis as causes of transplantation were associated with hyperthyroidism after adjustments. Age, female sex, and autoimmune liver diseases as cause of transplantation were associated with hypothyroidism after adjustments. DACOLT is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04777032).
Neuroprotective role of lactate in a human in vitro model of the ischemic penumbra
Authors: Cerina Marta , Levers Marloes , Keller Jason M. , Frega Monica
Published: April 2024

In patients suffering from cerebral ischemic stroke, there is an urgent need for treatments to protect stressed yet viable brain cells. Recently, treatment strategies that induce neuronal activity have been shown to be neuroprotective. Here, we hypothesized that neuronal activation might maintain or trigger the astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS), whereby lactate is released from astrocytes to support the energy requirements of ATP-starved hypoxic neurons, and this leads to the observed neuroprotection. We tested this by using a human cell based in vitro model of the ischemic penumbra and investigating whether lactate might be neuroprotective in this setting. We found that lactate transporters are involved in the neuroprotective effect mediated by neuronal activation. Furthermore, we showed that lactate exogenously administered before hypoxia correlated with neuroprotection in our cellular model. In addition, stimulation of astrocyte with consequent endogenous production of lactate resulted in neuroprotection. To conclude, here we presented evidence that lactate transport into neurons contributes to neuroprotection during hypoxia providing a potential basis for therapeutic approaches in ischemic stroke.
Theoretical insights into selective extraction of Am(iii) from Cm(iii) and Eu(iii) with asymmetric N-heterocyclic ligands
Authors: Chen Yan-Mei , Wang Cong-Zhi , Zhang Lei , Wu Qun-Yan , Lan Jian-Hui , Chai Zhi-Fang , Shi Wei-Qun
Published: April 2024

Theoretical studies show that asymmetric N-heterocyclic ligands can effectively separate Am(iii) from Cm(iii) and Eu(iii).
High-throughput single-cell mass spectrometry enables metabolic network analysis by resolving phospholipid CC isomers
Authors: Cheng Simin , Cao Chenxi , Qian Yao , Yao Huan , Gong Xiaoyun , Dai Xinhua , Ouyang Zheng , Ma Xiaoxiao
Published: April 2024

A high-throughput single-cell MS platform that can perform both lipid profiling and unsaturated lipid CC location isomer resolution analysis was developed, which can be effectively used for in-depth structural lipid metabolism network analysis.
N-Halaminated spermidine-containing polymeric coating enables titanium to achieve dual functions of antibacterial and osseointegration
Authors: Ren Hang , Wang Peng , Huang Hanwen , Huang Junshen , Lu Yuheng , Wu Yanfeng , Xie Zhongyu , Tang Youchen , Cai Zhaopeng , Shen Huiyong
Published: April 2024

Modified Ti with a porous N-halaminated spermidine-containing polymeric coating is constructed, and it has both excellent antibacterial and osteogenic abilities to enhance osseointegration, making it potentially applicable in orthopedics.
A small-molecule Fenton reagent for self-augmented chemodynamic therapy by intelligently regulating intracellular acidosis
Authors: Wang Kaiye , Liu Xiaohan , Jia Yuting , Pan Limeng , Shi Mingwan , Pan Wei , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: April 2024

A small-molecule Fenton reagent was developed to self-augment chemodynamic therapy by intelligently regulating intracellular acidosis.
Potential-selective electrochemiluminescence of AgInS2/ZnS nanocrystals and its immunoassay application
Authors: Li Mengwei , Gao Xuwen , Ren Xiaoxuan , Ai Yaojia , Zhang Bin , Zou Guizheng
Published: April 2024

The low-triggering-potential and potential-selective electrochemiluminescence for a highly selective immunoassay by exploiting AgInS2/ZnS nanocrystals as a tag and N2H4 as a coreactant.
Probing structural and dynamic properties of MAPbCl3 hybrid perovskite using Mn2+ EPR
Authors: Usevičius Gediminas , Turčak Justinas , Zhang Yuxuan , Eggeling Andrea , Einorytė Žyginta , Hope Michael Allan , Svirskas Šarūnas , Klose Daniel , Kalendra Vidmantas , Aidas Kestutis , Jeschke Gunnar , Banys Jūras , Šimėnas Mantas
Published: April 2024

First comprehensive EPR study of Mn2+ ion incorporation in lead halide hybrid perovskites. We use these ions as local probes to study the structural and dynamic properties of MAPbCl3.
Cyclic CO2 absorption/desorption property of Li3NaSiO4 under the partial pressure of CO2 for practical applications
Authors: Iwasaki Shumpei , Shido Kosuke , Fujishiro Fumito , Hashimoto Takuya
Published: April 2024

Based on the pseudo van't Hoff plot prepared by thermogravimetry at various P(CO2) values, the cyclic CO2 absorption/desorption property of Li3NaSiO4 was observed at 650 °C under P(CO2) of 0.1 bar.
Protic- or anionic-NHCs with a classical-NHC in a single [Ru(CNC)(PPh3)2Cl]Cl pincer complex: direct comparison of structure & electronic properties and heterolytic H2 splitting
Authors: Srivastava Navdeep , Singh Amrendra K.
Published: April 2024

A set of pincer complexes 1, 2 and 2’ having a protic- or anionic-NHC and a classical-NHC in the same molecule are reported. Cooperation between metal and ligand in 2' is indicated by the heterolytic splitting of H2 to give the Ru-hydride complex 3.
Anisotropic thermo-mechanical response of layered hexagonal boron nitride and black phosphorus: application as a simultaneous pressure and temperature sensor
Authors: Muhammad Hermann , Mezouar Mohamed , Garbarino Gaston , Poręba Tomasz , Confalonieri Giorgia , Ceppatelli Matteo , Serrano-Ruiz Manuel , Peruzzini Maurizio , Datchi Frédéric
Published: April 2024

The anisotropic thermal and mechanical response of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and black phosphorus (bP) have been investigated in situ using high resolution X-ray diffraction.
Continuous flow biocatalysis: synthesis of purine nucleoside esters catalyzed by lipase TL IM from Thermomyces lanuginosus
Authors: Zhang Shi-Yi , Fu Guo-Neng , Du Li-Hua , Lin Hang , Zhang Ao-Ying , Xie Han-Jia , Sheng Zhi-Kai , Xue Miao-miao , Yan Bing-lin , Liu Yi , Ruan Zhi-Xuan , Pan Bing-Le , Zhou Tong-Yao , Luo Xi-Ping
Published: April 2024

Purine nucleoside ester is one of the derivatives of purine nucleoside, which has antiviral and anticancer activities.
Easily deposited ZnO nanorods on siloxene nanosheets: investigation of morphological, dielectric, ferroelectric, and energy storage properties
Authors: Nayad Abdallah , Hadouch Youness , Agzenai Ben Salem Yahya , Mezzane Daoud , Kutnjak Zdravko , Mehdi Ahmad , El Firdoussi Larbi , Ait Ali Mustapha
Published: April 2024

Siloxene nanosheets combined with ZnO nanorods as dielectric capacitors.
Spatial tuning of adsorption enthalpies by exploiting spectator group effects in organosilica carbon capture materials
Authors: Evers Mario , Hauser Karin , Hinze Wolfgang G. , Klinkenberg Nele , Krysiak Yasar , Mombers Daniel , Polarz Sebastian
Published: April 2024

Organosilica materials containing spectator groups next to amines display quasi-solvent behavior that controls CO2 affinity. When the spectator groups are assembled as a density gradient, one obtains a spatial pattern of adsorption enthalpies.
Adjustable 1D ferroelectricity and ferrielectricity in faceted GeSe nanotubes
Authors: Song Shixin , Gui Churen , Dong Shuai , Liu Dan , Guan Jie
Published: April 2024

We proposed a set of faceted GeSe nanotubes (GNTs) which can exist in carbon nanotubes. 1D adjustable ferroelectricity and ferrielectricity were found in the single- and double-walled GNTs.
Students’ top-10 wish list for inclusive, engaging video lectures
Authors: Davison Ellie
Published: April 2024

Professor Ellie Davison is the winner of the 2024 Teaching Excellence Award (Established Educator), recognizing innovative and effective teaching approaches that promote achievement for all, with a sustained impact on students and colleagues across the sector. Ellie champions widening participation and inclusive teaching approaches that enable diverse cohorts to thrive. She strives to co-create learning experiences with students as partners, empowered to contribute and learn as their authentic selves.
Inflammatory liver diseases and susceptibility to sepsis
Authors: Lu Hong
Published: April 2024

Patients with inflammatory liver diseases, particularly alcohol-associated liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), have higher incidence of infections and mortality rate due to sepsis. The current focus in the development of drugs for MAFLD is the resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and prevention of progression to cirrhosis. In patients with cirrhosis or alcoholic hepatitis, sepsis is a major cause of death. As the metabolic center and a key immune tissue, liver is the guardian, modifier, and target of sepsis. Septic patients with liver dysfunction have the highest mortality rate compared with other organ dysfunctions. In addition to maintaining metabolic homeostasis, the liver produces and secretes hepatokines and acute phase proteins (APPs) essential in tissue protection, immunomodulation, and coagulation. Inflammatory liver diseases cause profound metabolic disorder and impairment of energy metabolism, liver regeneration, and production/secretion of APPs and hepatokines. Herein, the author reviews the roles of (1) disorders in the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, and amino acids as well as the clearance of ammonia and lactate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (2) cytokines/chemokines in inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis; (3) APPs and hepatokines in the protection against tissue injury and infections; and (4) major nuclear receptors/signaling pathways underlying the metabolic disorders and tissue injuries as well as the major drug targets for inflammatory liver diseases and sepsis. Approaches that focus on the liver dysfunction and regeneration will not only treat inflammatory liver diseases but also prevent the development of severe infections and sepsis.
Simultaneous NICER and NuSTAR observations of the ultraluminous source NGC 4190 ULX-1
Authors: Combi Jorge A. , Fogantini Federico A. , Saavedra Enzo A. , Romero Gustavo E. , Abaroa Leandro , García Federico , Luque-Escamilla Pedro , Martí Josep , Cruz-Sanchez Nelson
Published: April 2024

Aims. We present an X-ray analysis of three different XMM-Newton observations together with simultaneous NICER and NuSTAR observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 4190 ULX-1. Our goal is to constrain the structure of the accretion disk and the geometrical properties of the source.

Methods. We performed temporal and spectral analyses in the 0.4−30 keV energy range in which the source is significantly detected in dedicated XMM-Newton, NICER, and NuSTAR observations.

Results. The temporal analysis shows no flaring activity in the light curves. No pulsation is detected throughout. The source exhibits a typical ULX spectrum, which can be fitted with two thermal blackbody components plus a Comptonization tail at high energies. The luminosity–temperature (L − T) relation of each thermal spectral component is consistent with the L ∝ T2 relation expected from an advection-dominated supercritical disk.

Conclusions. We interpret these results as a super-Eddington accreting black hole seen almost face-on. A dense wind ejected from the disk obscures the central source, and a hot electron plasma is evacuated through the funnel formed above the hole. Geometric beaming is responsible for the ULX soft emission, whereas the hard tail is the result of the Comptonization of soft photons by the electrons ejected through the funnel.
Coupling between magnetic reconnection, energy release, and particle acceleration in the X17.2 2003 October 28 solar flare
Authors: Kurt Victoria G. , Veronig Astrid M. , Fleishman Gregory D. , Hinterreiter Jürgen , Tschernitz Johannes , Lysenko Alexandra L.
Published: April 2024

Context.The 2003 October 28 (X17.2) eruptive flare was a unique event. The coronal electric field and theπ-decayγ-ray emission flux displayed the highest values ever inferred for solar flares.

Aims.Our aim is to reveal physical links between the magnetic reconnection process, energy release, and acceleration of electrons and ions to high energies in the chain of the magnetic energy transformations in the impulsive phase of the solar flare.

Methods.The global reconnection rate,φ̇(t), and the local reconnection rate (coronal electric field strength),Ec(r, t), were calculated from flare ribbon separation in Hαfiltergrams and photospheric magnetic field maps. Then, HXRs measured by CORONAS-F/SPR-N and the derivative of the GOES SXR flux,İSXR(t) were used as proxies of the flare energy release evolution. The flare early rise phase, main raise phase, and main energy release phase were defined based on temporal profiles of the above proxies. The available results of INTEGRAL and CORONAS-F/SONG observations were combined with Konus-Wind data to quantify the time behavior of electron and proton acceleration. Promptγ-ray lines and delayed 2.2 MeV line temporal profiles observed with Konus-Wind and INTEGRAL/SPI were used to detect and quantify the nuclei with energies of 10−70 MeV.

Results.The magnetic-reconnection rates,φ̇(t) andEc(r, t), follow a common evolutionary pattern with the proxies of the flare energy released into high-energy electrons. The global and local reconnection rates reach their peaks at the end of the main rise phase of the flare. The spectral analysis of the high-energyγ-ray emission revealed a close association between the acceleration process efficiency and the reconnection rates. High-energy bremsstrahlung continuum and narrowγ-ray lines were observed in the main rise phase whenEc(r, t) of the positive (negative) polarity reached values of ∼120 V cm−1(∼80 V cm−1). In the main energy release phase, the upper energy of the bremsstrahlung spectrum was significantly reduced and the pion-decayγ-ray emission appeared abruptly. We discuss the reasons why the change of the acceleration regime occurred along with the large-scale magnetic field restructuration of this flare.

Conclusions.The similarities between the proxies of the flare energy release withφ̇(t) andEc(r, t) in the flare’s main rise phase are in accordance with the reconnection models. We argue that the main energy release and proton acceleration up to subrelativistic energies began just when the reconnection rate was going through the maximum, that is, following a major change of the flare topology.
Evidence for very massive stars in extremely UV-bright star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2.2–3.6
Authors: Upadhyaya A. , Marques-Chaves R. , Schaerer D. , Martins F. , Pérez-Fournon I. , Palacios A. , Stanway E. R.
Published: April 2024

We present a comprehensive analysis of the presence of very massive stars (VMS > 100 M⊙) in the integrated spectra of 13 UV-bright star-forming galaxies at 2.2 ≲ z ≲ 3.6 taken with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). These galaxies have very high UV absolute magnitudes (MUV ≃ −24), intense star formation (star formation rate ≃100 − 1000 M⊙ yr−1), and metallicities in the range of 12 + log(O/H) ≃ 8.10 − 8.50 inferred from strong rest-optical lines. The GTC rest-UV spectra reveal spectral features indicative of very young stellar populations with VMS, such as strong P-Cygni line profiles in the wind lines N Vλ1240 and C IVλ1550 along with intense and broad He IIλ1640 emission with equivalent width (EW0) ≃ 1.40 − 4.60 Å, and full width half maximum (FWHM) ≃1150 − 3170 km s−1. A Comparison with known VMS-dominated sources and typical galaxies without VMS reveals that some UV-bright galaxies closely resemble VMS-dominated clusters (e.g., R136 cluster). The presence of VMS is further supported by a quantitative comparison of the observed strength of the He II emission with population synthesis models with and without VMS, where models with VMS are clearly preferred. Employing an empirical threshold for EW0 (He II) ≥ 3.0 Å, along with the detection of other VMS-related spectral profiles (N IVλ1486, 1719), we classify nine out of 13 UV-bright galaxies as VMS-dominated sources. This high incidence of VMS-dominated sources in the UV-bright galaxy population (≈70%) contrasts significantly with the negligible presence of VMS in typical LUV∗ LBGs at similar redshifts (< 1%). Our results thus indicate that VMS are common in UV-bright galaxies, suggesting a different initial mass function (IMF) with upper mass limits between 175 M⊙ and 475 M⊙.
Splitting for some classes of homeomorphic and coalescing stochastic flows
Authors: Vovchanskyi M.B.
Published: April 2024

The splitting scheme (the Kato-Trotter formula) is applied to stochastic flows with common noise of the type introduced by Th.E. Harris. The case of possibly coalescing flows with continuous infinitesimal covariance is considered and the weak convergence of the corresponding finite-dimensional motions is established. As applications, results for the convergence of the associated pushforward measures and dual flows are given. Similarities between splitting and the Euler-Maruyama scheme yield estimates of the speed of the convergence under additional regularity assumptions.
Gestational Age-Specific Markers Associated with Postnatal Intervention in Fetal Suspicion of Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Amar Sam , Moore Shiran S. , Wutthigate Punnanee , Ohayon Amanda , Martinez Daniela V. , Simoneau Jessica , Renaud Claudia , Altit Gabriel
Published: April 2024

Objective Fetal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is currently associated with a high false-positive rate. Many predictive markers may be gestational age (GA)-specific. We sought to establish GA-specific traditional and speckle-tracking fetal echocardiography (STE) markers predictive of true CoA in neonates with prenatal suspicion.

Study Design This is a retrospective case–control study. We compared the fetal ventricular and arch dimensions, as well as the deformation parameters by STE, of infants who required a postnatal intervention for their CoA with those who did not. Cohort was stratified based on GA before or after 30 weeks. Data extractors were masked to the outcome. The first fetal echocardiogram available was used.

Results Seventy-five newborns with a fetal echocardiography performed between October 2013 and May 2022 for an antenatal suspicion of CoA were included, of which 59 (79%) had an aortic arch with nonsignificant obstruction upon ductal closure, and 16 (21%) underwent a neonatal intervention for a confirmed CoA. Before 30 weeks' GA, the right ventricular to left ventricular (RV/LV) end-diastolic width and end-diastolic area (EDA) ratios were most associated with postnatal CoA confirmation (area under the curve [AUCs] = 0.96 and 0.92). After 30 weeks' GA, the RV/LV end-diastolic width ratio (AUC = 0.95), the Z-score for the ascending aorta (AUC = 0.93), and the LV end-diastolic width Z-score (AUC = 0.91) performed the best. A decreased RV peak longitudinal strain was observed in those who developed true CoA and performed well by receiver operating characteristic analysis after 30 weeks (AUC = 0.85). In the overall cohort, the RV/LV EDA ratio was the most sensitive predictor of CoA and identified all cases with CoA. Indeed, a cutoff > 1.24 had a specificity of 69.5% and a sensitivity of 100% (receiver operating characteristic curve with an AUC of 0.88).

Conclusion We outlined sensitive and specific fetal markers associated with postnatal CoA based on GA at suspicion.

Key Points
Association between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity in a Large Integrated Health Care System
Authors: Mensah Nana A. , Fassett Michael J. , Lurvey Lawrence D. , Oyelese Yinka , Braun David , Sacks David A. , Shi Jiaxiao , Khadka Nehaa , Chiu Vicki Y. , Peltier Morgan R. , Getahun Darios
Published: April 2024

Objective Recent studies have reported associations between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes but the extent to which these associations vary by race/ethnicity remains uncertain. Therefore, we examined how the association between prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse perinatal outcomes may be modified by race/ethnicity.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study was performed using data on 67,986 pregnant women extracted from the Kaiser Permanente Southern California electronic health records between April 6, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Upon admission to labor and delivery, all women were routinely tested for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were used to estimate associations.

Results During the study period, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 4,960 (7%) of singleton pregnancies, with the highest rates observed among Hispanics (9.4%) and non-Hispanic Blacks (6.2%). Compared with non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics (aOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.21) with SARS-CoV-2 infection had the highest odds of a pregnancy associated with nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing. Neonates of all races/ethnicities, except for non-Hispanic Blacks, showed significantly increased odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the highest risk observed among Asians/Pacific Islanders (aOR: 10.88, 95% CI: 1.33, 89.04). Non-Hispanic White mothers who tested positive were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) at a higher rate at delivery and within 7 days of delivery (aOR: 34.77, 95% CI: 11.3, 107.04; aOR: 26.48, 95% CI: 9.55, 73.46, respectively). Hispanics were also at a significantly higher odds of admission to ICU (aOR: 4.62, 95% CI: 2.69, 7.94; aOR: 4.42, 95% CI: 2.58, 7.56, respectively). Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 prenatally, were at increased risk for preeclampsia/eclampsia, and preterm birth as compared to non-Hispanic White mothers.

Conclusion The findings highlight racial/ethnic disparities in the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse perinatal outcomes. The risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection was highest for Asian/Pacific Islanders. We also observed a remarkably high risk of ICU admission for non-Hispanic White mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Key Points
Expectant Management of a Triploid Partial Molar Pregnancy at 26 Weeks' Gestation: A Case Report
Authors: Wong Karen , Ali Mohannad , Stalder Marc , Bonin Brigitte , El-Chaâr Darine
Published: April 2024

Introduction Triploid partial molar pregnancies are not viable, and confer maternal risks including preeclampsia, hemorrhage, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, and trophoblastic embolization. We report a case managed expectantly until 26 weeks' gestation in a patient requesting continuation of pregnancy.

Case Presentation This G2P1 presented with fetal anomalies indicative of triploid partial molar pregnancy. The pregnancy was complicated by anemia, hyperthyroidism, supraventricular tachycardia, and threatened preterm labor.

Her care involved maternal fetal medicine collaborating with internal medicine, palliative care, anesthesia and critical care. Labor was augmented at 26 weeks' gestation, resulting in vaginal delivery. Postpartum course was notably complicated by acute respiratory distress in the immediate postpartum period, which self-resolved. Postpartum hemorrhage and retained products of conception were additional complications.

Conclusion This unique case highlights the role of multidisciplinary collaboration and shared decision making in challenging circumstances.
Clinical Impact of Dyspnea after Ticagrelor Treatment and the Effect of Switching to Clopidogrel in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kim Sang Hyun , Shin Sanghoon , Choo Eun Ho , Choi Ik Jun , Lim Sungmin , Moon Donggyu , Kim Chan Joon , Park Mahn-Won , Kim Min Chul , Hwang Byung-Hee , Lee Kwan Yong , Choi Yun Seok , Kim Hee-Yeol , Yoo Ki-Dong , Jeon Doo Soo , Ahn Youngkeun , Chang Kiyuk ,   on behalf of the TALOS-AMI investigators
Published: April 2024

Background Dyspnea is frequent during ticagrelor-based dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, its clinical characteristics or management strategy remains uncertain.

Methods The study assessed 2,617 AMI patients from the Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in Stabilized Patients with AMI (TALOS-AMI) trial. Dyspnea during 1-month ticagrelor-based DAPT and following DAPT strategies with continued ticagrelor or de-escalation to clopidogrel from 1 to 12 months were evaluated for drug adherence, subsequent dyspnea, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and bleeding events.

Results Dyspnea was reported by 538 patients (20.6%) during 1 month of ticagrelor-based DAPT. Adherence to allocated DAPT over the study period was lower in the continued ticagrelor arm than the de-escalation to clopidogrel, particularly among the dyspneic population (81.1% vs. 91.5%, p < 0.001). Among ticagrelor-treated patients with dyspnea, those switched to clopidogrel at 1 month had a lower frequency of dyspnea at 3 months (34.3% vs. 51.7%, p < 0.001) and 6 months (25.5% vs. 38.4%, p = 0.002) than those continued with ticagrelor. In patients with dyspnea in their 1-month ticagrelor-based DAPT, de-escalation was not associated with increased MACE (1.3% vs. 3.9%, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–1.11, p = 0.07) or clinically relevant bleeding (3.2% vs. 6.2%, HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.22–1.19, p = 0.12) at 1 year.

Conclusion Dyspnea is a common side effect among ticagrelor-based DAPTs in AMI patients. Switching from ticagrelor to clopidogrel after 1 month in AMI patients may provide a reasonable option to alleviate subsequent dyspnea in ticagrelor-relevant dyspneic patients, without increasing the risk of ischemic events (NCT02018055).