bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of generic entry to off-patent branded medicines in Japanese pharmaceutical market
Authors: Fukumoto Daigo , Suzuki Takeshi
Published: March 2017

The Japanese pharmaceutical market is known for having a relatively low market penetration of generic medicines. However, the velocity of generic penetration varies among medicines. Looking at current sales and share of off-patent branded medicines and generic medicines in Japanese pharmaceutical market, our main aim is to identify the factors associated with sales reductions of off-patent medicines and price competition caused by generic entry in the Japanese pharmaceutical market. We showed as one result that an increase in the number of generic maker entries significantly increases both price competition and sales reductions of off-patent branded medicines. As a second factor of note, we found that being subject to “NHI Drug Price Premium for Promoting the Creation of New Drugs and the Elimination of Off-label Use” before generic entry is related to maintaining sales of off-patent branded medicines after generic entry. The importance of generic medicines is increasing in association with the hypertrophy of health care expenditures in Japan. Efficient polices and corporate strategies reflecting market principles are strongly needed. Detailed results of this study on what determines whether sales and prices of off-patent medicines significantly decrease after generic entry in the Japanese pharmaceutical market should be useful for this purpose.
A Model of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Measurement Error
Authors: Vettoretti Martina , Facchinetti Andrea , Sparacino Giovanni , Cobelli Claudio
Published: March 2017

Background:

A reliable model of the probability density function (PDF) of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) measurement error would be important for several applications in diabetes, like testing in silico insulin therapies. In the literature, the PDF of SMBG error is usually described by a Gaussian function, whose symmetry and simplicity are unable to properly describe the variability of experimental data. Here, we propose a new methodology to derive more realistic models of SMBG error PDF.

Methods:

The blood glucose range is divided into zones where error (absolute or relative) presents a constant standard deviation (SD). In each zone, a suitable PDF model is fitted by maximum-likelihood to experimental data. Model validation is performed by goodness-of-fit tests. The method is tested on two databases collected by the One Touch Ultra 2 (OTU2; Lifescan Inc, Milpitas, CA) and the Bayer Contour Next USB (BCN; Bayer HealthCare LLC, Diabetes Care, Whippany, NJ). In both cases, skew-normal and exponential models are used to describe the distribution of errors and outliers, respectively.

Results:

Two zones were identified: zone 1 with constant SD absolute error; zone 2 with constant SD relative error. Goodness-of-fit tests confirmed that identified PDF models are valid and superior to Gaussian models used so far in the literature.

Conclusions:

The proposed methodology allows to derive realistic models of SMBG error PDF. These models can be used in several investigations of present interest in the scientific community, for example, to perform in silico clinical trials to compare SMBG-based with nonadjunctive CGM-based insulin treatments.
Foraging Behavior and Habitat Selection of Noack’s Round-Leaf Bat (Hipposideros aff. ruber) and Conservation Implications
Authors: Nkrumah Evans E. , Vallo Peter , Klose Stefan M. , Ripperger Simon P. , Badu Ebenezer K. , Gloza-Rausch Florian , Drosten Christian , Kalko Elisabeth K. V. , Tschapka Marco , Oppong Samuel K.
Published: March 2017

In sub-Saharan Africa, anthropogenic activities such as cocoa ( Theobroma cacao) farming have replaced the natural forest vegetation, making agricultural environments more readily available to some species of bats. To augment bat conservation in such highly modified agro-environments, we evaluated the foraging decisions of the widely distributed Noack’s round-leaf bat ( Hipposideros aff. ruber) in a Ghanaian agro-environment for two factors: (a) foraging durations and (b) habitat selection from radio telemetry data collected from 13 bats. We hypothesized that it opportunistically selects foraging habitats in proportion to its availability. Our compositional analysis revealed, however, a nonrandom use of habitats. A ranking matrix indicated Hipposideros aff. ruber uses all available habitats but strongly preferred seminatural habitats dominated by fallow lands. Cocoa farms were predominantly used as flight paths for commuting between roosts and other nearby habitats during foraging. We observed a mean foraging duration of 109 min ( SD = 62 min) per night for the species. In conclusion, our data suggest that (a) they are flexible in selecting all habitat types in the agro-environment but strongly preferred fallow matrices, (b) the provision of canopy trees within the agro-environment serves as flight paths for commuting from roost to habitats offering higher prey densities, and (3) the maintenance of fallow matrices as conservation units in sub-Saharan agro-environments helps augment conservation efforts of the species.
“I Feared for My Life”: Law Enforcement’s Appeal to Murderous Empathy
Authors: Pipkins Martel A.
Published: March 2017

This article utilizes critical discourse analysis (CDA) to examine discursive strategies used by police officers for justification and appeals for empathy for the murders of unarmed civilians, primarily Black civilians, while also reinforcing the implicit bias that Black individuals are dangerous. These discursive strategies show the emergence of a master narrative that connects the officers’ discursive strategies for invoking empathy to avoiding blame. An analytical framework for blame avoidance supplements the CDA to underline the relationship between the master narrative and blame avoidance. Using high-profile cases in news media, I demonstrate how these narratives take various forms and work to the benefit of the officer(s) involved.
Patient-Reported Outcomes After Multiligament Knee Injury
Authors: Hanley Jessica M. , Anthony Christopher A. , DeMik David , Glass Natalie , Amendola Annunziato , Wolf Brian R. , Bollier Matthew
Published: March 2017

Background:

Management of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) in the setting of a multiligamentous knee injury (MLKI) represents an area of great controversy.

Purpose:

Our study was designed to compare long-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after MCL repair versus reconstruction in the setting of a multiligamentous injury of the knee.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

At a single institution, 68 patients were identified over a 10-year period as having MCL intervention in the setting of MLKI. Of these patients, 34 (50%) were successfully contacted via telephone to collect Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores. A retrospective chart review of these subjects was also conducted to identify patient and surgical factors affecting PROs.

Results:

At a mean 6-year follow-up (range, 2-11 years), the mean Lysholm score was 77.4 ± 23.1 and mean IKDC score was 72.6 ± 23.6. Univariate analyses identified time to surgery ( P = .005) and MCL reconstruction ( P = .001) as risk factors for Lysholm score ≤75. Univariate analyses identified patient age ( P = .049), time to surgery ( P = .018), and MCL reconstruction ( P = .004) as risk factors for IKDC score ≤75. On subsequent multivariate analysis, MCL reconstruction was found to be a predictor of Lysholm or IKDC score of ≤75.

Conclusion:

Patients undergoing MCL repair in the setting of MLKI generally had higher PROs than those undergoing reconstructions at a mean 6 years of follow-up. Further work is needed to elucidate patient and surgical factors that may influence subjective outcomes after multiligament knee injuries.
Preference and Frequency of Mobile Phone App Use for Drug Information Among Student Pharmacists
Authors: Park Sharon K. , Purnell Miriam C. , Freeman Maisha Kelly , Reese Racquel V. , Varga Stefan
Published: March 2017

Background: Health care professionals commonly use mobile devices to retrieve drug information (DI) in clinical practice. The preference and frequency of such use by student pharmacists are not well understood. Objective: To investigate the preference and frequency of mobile phone application (app) use for retrieving DI among student pharmacists. Methods: DI specialists from 3 pharmacy schools generated a 13-question survey relating to students’ preference and frequency of DI app use via their mobile phone. The survey was tested and electronically disseminated to all current P1 through P4 students from all 3 schools. Data were collected for student demographics, availability of mobile phone and DI apps, frequency of using DI apps, and whether DI apps were purchased. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically. Results: About 74% (n = 221) of students reported using their mobile phone apps for retrieving DI. About 95% of the students used 1 to 3 apps for DI purposes and more than 85% used them a few times a week or more. About 17.6% of the students reported purchasing apps for the purpose of finding DI and that purchased apps are more accurate (27.6%), more comprehensive (36.2%), and more current (26.2%), compared with free apps. Conclusions: Student pharmacists used 1 to 3 mobile apps, at least a few times a week for DI. Some students purchased apps for DI use in addition to free subscriptions from their school. Students perceived purchased DI apps being more accurate, more comprehensive, and more up to date than the free apps.
Management of COPD exacerbations: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline
Authors: Wedzicha Jadwiga A. , Miravitlles Marc , Hurst John R. , Calverley Peter M.A. , Albert Richard K. , Anzueto Antonio , Criner Gerard J. , Papi Alberto , Rabe Klaus F. , Rigau David , Sliwinski Pawel , Tonia Thomy , Vestbo Jørgen , Wilson Kevin C. , Krishnan Jerry A.
Published: March 2017

This document provides clinical recommendations for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations.

Comprehensive evidence syntheses, including meta-analyses, were performed to summarise all available evidence relevant to the Task Force's questions. The evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach and the results were summarised in evidence profiles. The evidence syntheses were discussed and recommendations formulated by a multidisciplinary Task Force of COPD experts.

After considering the balance of desirable and undesirable consequences, quality of evidence, feasibility, and acceptability of various interventions, the Task Force made: 1) a strong recommendation for noninvasive mechanical ventilation of patients with acute or acute-on-chronic respiratory failure; 2) conditional recommendations for oral corticosteroids in outpatients, oral rather than intravenous corticosteroids in hospitalised patients, antibiotic therapy, home-based management, and the initiation of pulmonary rehabilitation within 3 weeks after hospital discharge; and 3) a conditional recommendation against the initiation of pulmonary rehabilitation during hospitalisation.

The Task Force provided recommendations related to corticosteroid therapy, antibiotic therapy, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, home-based management, and early pulmonary rehabilitation in patients having a COPD exacerbation. These recommendations should be reconsidered as new evidence becomes available.
Diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Gopalan Deepa , Delcroix Marion , Held Matthias
Published: March 2017

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is the only potentially curable form of pulmonary hypertension. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is pivotal for successful treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms can be nonspecific and risk factors such as history of venous thromboembolism may not always be present. Echocardiography is the recommended first diagnostic step. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a complementary tool that can help to identify patients with milder abnormalities and chronic thromboembolic disease, triggering the need for further investigation. Ventilation/perfusion (V′/Q′) scintigraphy is the imaging methodology of choice to exclude CTEPH. Single photon emission computed tomographyV′/Q′ is gaining popularity over planar imaging. Assessment of pulmonary haemodynamics by right heart catheterisation is mandatory, although there is increasing interest in noninvasive haemodynamic evaluation. Despite the status of digital subtraction angiography as the gold standard, techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging are increasingly used for characterising the pulmonary vasculature and assessment of operability. Promising new tools include dual-energy CT, combination of rotational angiography and cone beam CT, and positron emission tomography. These innovative procedures not only minimise misdiagnosis, but also provide additional vascular information relevant to treatment planning. Further research is needed to determine how these modalities will fit into the diagnostic algorithm for CTEPH.
Screening for COPD: the gap between logic and evidence
Authors: Kaplan Alan , Thomas Mike
Published: March 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease leading to further morbidity and significant mortality. The first step for any condition is to make the appropriate diagnosis, and spirometry barriers abound in practice around the world. It is tempting to undertake mass screening on all smokers to detect COPD. While this would pick up cases of COPD, results of studies of its effect on COPD end-points such as exacerbations, hospitalisations and mortality are disappointing. As such, aggressive case finding of COPD by screening for symptoms that patients may not themselves perceive is very important in primary care, with subsequent spirometry defining the diagnosis.

We also have to separate out population screening from individual patient interactions. Performing spirometry, even on a truly asymptomatic patient, may allow earlier diagnosis and modification of risk factors such as smoking (mostly) and exacerbation risk. It also recognises patients with early disease who are at high risk of comorbidities such as cardiac illness, such that appropriate treatment strategies can be implemented. Making a diagnosis, and even the fact of worrying about such a diagnosis, can affect the motivational level of the individual patient to cease smoking; all patients should of course be counselled to stop smoking. As such, consider the individual patient in front of you for unrecognised symptoms and therefore unrecognised illness, as making a diagnosis earlier can allow the institution of care, including smoking cessation, vaccination, bronchodilators and comorbidity management.
The association between self-reported and clinically determined hypomanic symptoms and the onset of major mood disorders
Authors: Goodday Sarah Margaret , Preisig Martin , Gholamrezaee Mehdi , Grof Paul , Angst Jules , Duffy Anne
Published: March 2017

Background

Hypomanic symptoms may be a useful predictor of mood disorder among young people at high risk for bipolar disorder.

Aims

To determine whether hypomanic symptoms differentiate offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (high risk) and offspring of well parents (control) and predict the development of mood episodes.

Method

High-risk and control offspring were prospectively assessed using semi-structured clinical interviews annually and completed the Hypomania Checklist-32 Revised (HCL-32). Clinically significant sub-threshold hypomanic symptoms (CSHS) were coded.

Results

HCL-32 total and active or elated scores were higher in control compared with high-risk offspring, whereas 14% of high-risk and 0% of control offspring had CSHS. High-risk offspring with CSHS had a fivefold increased risk of developing recurrent major depression (P=0.0002). The median onset of CSHS in high-risk offspring was 16.4 (6–31) years and was before the onset of major mood episodes.

Conclusions

CSHS are precursors to major mood episodes in high-risk offspring and could identify individuals at ultra-high risk for developing bipolar disorder.
Poetry as Memoir: Shi Zhecun's Miscellaneous Poems of a Floating Life
Authors: Chang Kang-i Sun
Published: March 2017

At the age of eighty-five, writer Shi Zhecun 施蟄存 (1905–2003) recollected his long and difficult life journey in a poetic memoir, Fusheng zayong 浮生雜詠 (Miscellaneous Poems of a Floating Life). Comprising of eighty poems, this memoir focuses on the 1930s, when Shi experienced the first big storm of his life, a literary battle with the legendary writer Lu Xun 魯迅 (1881–1936). As a result, Shi lost his “space for survival” in the Shanghai literary world, but fortunately his background in both modern and traditional education provided him with resilience. Indeed, one of the appeals of Shi's poetic memoir lies in the author's deliberate fusing of subtle/classical sentiments with public/modern concerns. As this article demonstrates, while Shi's poems embody an implicit metaphorical quality, his self-commentaries are often down-to-earth and self-referential, creating a tension between the two that allows the reader to have as much space for imagination as desired.
On the Critical Reception of Lu Xun's Early Classical-Style Essays of the Japan Period
Authors: von Kowallis Jon Eugene
Published: March 2017

Lu Xun's 魯迅 (1881–1936) early classical-style essays are concerned with issues in the history and philosophy of science, as well as literature, philosophy, politics, and aesthetics during an era in which China went through profound cultural changes. Part of their significance also lies in the way they provide us with an unabashed glimpse at what Lu Xun, who was to become China's most important writer of the twentieth century, set out to accomplish with his intended literary career. They first appeared in the Chinese expatriate journal Henan 河南 (Ho-nan, 1907–8). Although they are products of his last student years in Japan, the fact that he chose to include the two longest of them at the very front of his 1926 anthology Fen 墳 (The Grave) indicates that he considered the views expressed therein neither too immature nor too dated to reprint at the height of his career as a creative writer. In fact, he suggests in his preface to Fen that one of his reasons for doing so was that the poets and causes treated there had, ironically, taken on an increased relevance for China in the years “after the founding of the republic.” Over the years since they were written, the content and style of these essays have been the subject of considerable scholarly scrutiny, but this has drawn out divergent views. Scholars in Japan have done an admirable job of tracing down the sources of some of the essays, although their interpretation was not without controversy there. Chinese scholars have first discounted, then eschewed, then annotated, and finally extolled them as harbingers of a new poetics or a profound meditation on unresolved issues still facing China. Westerners, by and large, give them a degree of primacy, but from different perspectives and to different degrees. This article examines the reception of these essays internationally, recontextualizing it within the historical factors that contributed to and molded it.
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) as an indicator of disease activity and severity in lupus
Authors: Khan Abidullah , Haider Iqbal , Ayub Maimoona , Khan Salman
Published: March 2017

Background: Amongst the different clinical and laboratory parameters used to monitor disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), mean platelet volume (MPV) is a novel biomarker. Although MPV has been studied in other rheumatological conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, its role in adult SLE needs to be defined, especially in Pakistan. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of MPV as a biomarker of disease activity in SLE. Fifty patients were recruited through a consecutive non-probability sampling technique for this cross-sectional study.  On the basis of their SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score of greater or lesser than 5, these 50 participants were divided into two equal groups respectively;25 patients with active SLE, and another 25 participants with stable, inactive lupus. MPV was measured in each group and compared using SPSS version 16. MPV was also correlated with SLEDAI and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Independent sample t-test and Spearman’s rho and Pearson’s correlation tests were applied. Sensitivity and specificity of MPV were checked through ROC analysis.    Results: The MPV of patients with active SLE (n=25, mean [M]=7.12, SD=1.01) was numerically lower than those in the inactive-SLE group (n=25, M= 10.12, SD=0.97), and this was statistically significant ( P<0.001). MPV had an inverse relationship with both ESR (r=-0.93, P<0.001) and SLEDAI (rs= -0.89, P<0.001). However, there was a strong positive correlation between ESR and SLEDAI (rs=0.90, P<0.001). For MPV, a cutoff value of less than 8.5fl had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 100% ( P< 0.001).  Conclusions: Higher disease activity in SLE is associated with a correspondingly low MPV.
Evidence synthesis and decision modelling to support complex decisions: stockpiling neuraminidase inhibitors for pandemic influenza usage
Authors: Watson Samuel I. , Chen Yen-Fu , Nguyen-Van-Tam Jonathan S. , Myles Puja R. , Venkatesan Sudhir , Zambon Maria , Uthman Olalekan , Chilton Peter J. , Lilford Richard J.
Published: March 2017

Objectives: The stockpiling of neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) antivirals as a defence against pandemic influenza is a significant public health policy decision that must be made despite a lack of conclusive evidence from randomised controlled trials regarding the effectiveness of NAIs on important clinical end points such as mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether NAIs should be stockpiled for treatment of pandemic influenza on the basis of current evidence.

Methods: A decision model for stockpiling was designed. Data on previous pandemic influenza epidemiology was combined with data on the effectiveness of NAIs in reducing mortality obtained from a recent individual participant meta-analysis using observational data. Evidence synthesis techniques and a bias modelling method for observational data were used to incorporate the evidence into the model. The stockpiling decision was modelled for adults (≥16 years old) and the United Kingdom was used as an example. The main outcome was the expected net benefits of stockpiling in monetary terms. Health benefits were estimated from deaths averted through stockpiling.

Results: After adjusting for biases in the estimated effectiveness of NAIs, the expected net benefit of stockpiling in the baseline analysis was £444 million, assuming a willingness to pay of £20,000/QALY ($31,000/QALY). The decision would therefore be to stockpile NAIs. There was a greater probability that the stockpile would not be utilised than utilised. However, the rare but catastrophic losses from a severe pandemic justified the decision to stockpile.

Conclusions: Taking into account the available epidemiological data and evidence of effectiveness of NAIs in reducing mortality, including potential biases, a decision maker should stockpile anti-influenza medication in keeping with the postulated decision rule.
Low-cost, rapidly-developed, 3D printed in vitro corpus callosum model for mucopolysaccharidosis type I
Authors: Tabet Anthony , Gardner Matthew , Swanson Sebastian , Crump Sydney , McMeekin Austin , Gong Diana , Tabet Rebecca , Hacker Benjamin , Nestrasil Igor
Published: March 2017

The rising prevalence of high throughput screening and the general inability of (1) two dimensional (2D) cell culture and (2)in vitrorelease studies to predictin vivoneurobiological and pharmacokinetic responses in humans has led to greater interest in more realistic three dimensional (3D) benchtop platforms. Advantages of 3D human cell culture over its 2D analogue, or even animal models, include taking the effects of microgeometry and long-range topological features into consideration. In the era of personalized medicine, it has become increasingly valuable to screen candidate molecules and synergistic therapeutics at a patient-specific level, in particular for diseases that manifest in highly variable ways. The lack of established standards and the relatively arbitrary choice of probing conditions has limitedin vitrodrug release to a largely qualitative assessment as opposed to a predictive, quantitative measure of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in tissue. Here we report the methods used in the rapid, low-cost development of a 3D model of a mucopolysaccharidosis type I patient’s corpus callosum, which may be used for cell culture and drug release. The CAD model is developed fromin vivobrain MRI tracing of the corpus callosum using open-source software, printed with poly (lactic-acid) on a Makerbot Replicator 5X, UV-sterilized, and coated with poly (lysine) for cellular adhesion. Adaptations of material and 3D printer for expanded applications are also discussed.
On Maintenance and Development of Administrative Education
Authors: Серов  , Serov V.
Published: March 2017

This article gives a brief assessment of the current management education crisis and presents the author’s approach to its maintenance and development, based on the assumption that the management objects are technical, socio-economic systems, and socio-political processes. Accordingly, the requirements for the maintenance of curriculums of the trainings for the management specialists in the university, the ratio of the technical-technological disciplines in economics, organization and production management, socio-political relations organization and management are determined. The post-graduate management education is also considered.
On Some Approaches to the Improvement of the State System of Entrepreneurial Activity State Regulation
Authors: Зайнашев  , Zaynashev R.
Published: March 2017

The article considers the matters of the state regulation system improvement and, in particular, of the system of entrepreneurial activity state regulation. The author singles out the causes of low efficiency of entrepreneurial activity state regulation, which can be observed in many regions. While researching the ways of improvement of the regional system of entrepreneurial state system, the author substantiates the appropriateness of project approach usage, which allows to realize the complex of necessary measures in a logical and systematic way. Taking into consideration the large scale and complexity of the assigned task, the author notes the necessity of the “objective tree” of the given strategic project. The suggested approach allows to raise the quality of certain measures development directed at improvement of the regional system of entrepreneurial activity state regulation.
State Mode and Management Style: the Difficulties of Democratic Transformation
Authors: Охотский  , Okhotskiy Evgeniy
Published: March 2017

The article attempts to analyze the scientific relevance and practical relevance for the modern system

of public administration mainstreaming mode of governance and management style, their forms and

manifestations in practice. Thus explores the underlying quality characteristics and stylistic peculiarities of

functioning of the state apparatus, the difficulty of optimizing performance, problematic and contradictory

nature of overcoming corruption and bureaucratic pathologies, threats, dysfunctions and other deformations

in the practice of public administration. It is emphasized that at some point the corrupt and bureaucratic

mechanisms become latent shadow control system, which resist very difficult. In the result remain on top of

the bureaucracy, the corruption, the brutality, the callousness and irresponsibility, and the bottom begins to

dominate legal nihilism, distrust of authorities, double standards.

Analyzing the distinguished types of styles, the author stops at the optimally-effective style performance

focuses on the value of the benefits and ways of learning, introduces into scientific circulation the concept

of “style of meanness and hypocrisy” – style, based on lies, double standards, fraud, provocations and

corruption.

This article presents some value judgments made appropriate generalizations and conclusions, analyzes

the actions taken by a state in respect of establishing proper order in the system of public administration

and public service. Formulated proposals which, in the opinion of the author, will help accurately implement

the tasks put by the state in terms of democratic governance and innovation updates of the struggle against

formalism, bureaucratic abuse, corruption, hardware isolation.
Department of Biomedical Research and Technologies of the Irkutsk Scientific Center of the SBRA Sprerequisites for the creation and direction of work (editorial)
Authors: Апарцин Константин , Apartsin Konstantin
Published: March 2017

The history of creation and the main aspects of work of the Department of Biomedical Research and Technology of the Irkutsk Scientific Center for the first 5 years is described. Selected as a methodological framework, the concept of translational medicine has provided, on the one hand, a wide range of research, on the other hand it brought the fundamental research to clinical testing on the basis of Hospital of the Irkutsk Scientific Center of the SB RAS. The materials included in the presented collection were announced.
The development of original methodologies of directed synthesis of le-Carbs their analogs and precursors base donacetylene and its derivatives
Authors: Трофимов Б. , Trofimov B. , Гусарова Н. , Gusarova N.
Published: March 2017

New reactions, which have been discovered and continue to be developed in A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk institute of chemistry SB RAS on the basis of acetylene, a product of oil, gas and coal processing and multi-faceted building block for organic synthesis, have been considered. These reactions provide for the shortest routes to construction of fundamental heterocyclic scaffolds (pyrroles, imidazoles, pyrazoles, indoles, pyridines, dihydropyridines, etc.) with desirable and optimum combination of functional pharmacophoric groups and fragments, which are responsible for antiviral (HIV, flu), antitumor, tuberculostatic and hypotensive activities.
Using spirometry as a diagnostic tool in COPD management
Authors: Strivens Karen
Published: March 2017

NICE guidelines now recommend the use of spirometry to diagnose COPD, but as Karen Strivens points out, some confusion exists over how to diagnose it

The use of spirometry is recommended by national guidelines to aid the diagnosis of COPD. There is, however, confusion and debate around training, interpretation of results and when to undertake spirometry in practice. This can lead to underdiagnosis or overdiagnosis, resulting in inappropriate or delayed treatment. Clear guidance and education is necessary to ensure appropriate interpretation and diagnosis; ultimately, however, spirometry should be performed to support a thorough clinical history where COPD is suspected.
Teaching practice: Small group work
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: March 2017

The next article in our teaching practice series focuses on small group teaching and how we can motivate students to learn. Matt Bromley advises
Reviews
Authors: Feeley Claire , Gosse Johanna , Child Danielle , Leahy Olivia , Charnley Kim , Mulholland Neil
Published: March 2017

DISAPPEARING ACTS: 8TH LOFOTEN INTERNATIONAL ART FESTIVAL, SVOLVAER, NORWAY, 29 AUGUST–27 SEPTEMBER 2015

LEAP BEFORE YOU LOOK: BLACK MOUNTAIN COLLEGE 1933–1957, INSTITUTE OF CONTEMPORARY ART, BOSTON, 10 OCTOBER 2015–24 JANUARY 2016

LIVERPOOL BIENNIAL 2016, VARIOUS LOCATIONS, 9 JULY–16 OCTOBER 2016

SUNRIDGE AVENUE PROJECTS, LUTON, 7 MAY–4 JUNE 2016

TIM ETCHELLS, FOR NOW, PLYMOUTH ART CENTRE, 25 SEPTEMBER 2015–3 JANUARY 2016

PLAY AND PARTICIPATION IN CONTEMPORARY ARTS PRACTICES, TIM STOTT (2015) London: Routledge, 156 pp., ISBN: 9781138850286, h/bk, £95
The social life of the caftan in eighteenth-century Russia
Authors: Ivleva Victoria
Published: March 2017

This article explores the ‘cultural biography’ of the caftan, a garment, which underwent significant changes as a part of Peter I’s urban clothing revolution. The article discusses the evolution of the caftan and changes in its functions and meanings, its historical, social and literary modes of circulation and the semiotic value it acquired in the eighteenth-century clothing system, and more broadly in eighteenth-century Russian culture. As a key garment of the Petrine dress reforms, the caftan became a material symbol of eighteenth-century modernizing processes and was often employed by writers to comment on social and cultural policies and practices. When the caftan (as part of a uniform) started to be associated with state control and the infringement on individual freedom, it was replaced by the dressing gown, which became a symbol of internal peace, freedom and creativity in literature and cultural life.
Positive Race Relations through Cuban Music: A Perspective from the Relational-Cultural Theory (RCT)
Authors: Simi Demi , Matusitz Jonathan
Published: March 2017

This article examines positive race relations through music in Cuba from the perspective of the relational-cultural theory (RCT). The RCT postulates that the solution to personal growth is not isolation per se. Rather, mutually maturing relationships and growth-fostering connections can help heal personal problems and, by the same token, promote mutual respect so as to decrease racial tensions. Acknowledging the colour issues that have affected many Cubans of African descent, the RCT illustrates how musical productivity and creativity can improve congenial race relations in Cuba. An important conclusion is that, the Afro-Cuban people, despite living in a repressive political system, have shown ‘resistance’ by being innovative through the arts. Music has articulated their need to participate in human affairs due to the enduring deprivations brought by slavery, preferential treatments towards capitalist whites and tourists, condemned cultural practices, and lack of leadership roles. Today, the Afro-Cuban people can form communities of support in which they can partake with locals (rather than staying in isolation).
When choreography marries digital projection
Authors: Vale Alice
Published: March 2017

As a choreographer, I have always had a keen interest in fusing movement with other art forms and in being able to achieve this seamlessly. Each art form is as important as another; therefore making this a reality can be challenging. However, in my work I have discovered that the use of movement with digital projection is one that has a real connection. The two have a symmetry that is aesthetically pleasing, but my work to date had never had a real ‘marriage’ of the two forms. One always came before the other; never did the two coexist to arrive at the same point. During 2016, Illuminos (digital artists www.illuminos.co.uk) and I set about our biggest challenge to date: creating a full-length production that did not just fuse dance with digital, but dance with digital, music and storytelling. Our aim was to create a show based on the myth of Daedalus and Icarus. It would explore the story, highlighting the journey it takes from the ground to the sky and back again. Most importantly the piece was to demonstrate how projection can create the illusion of height and weightlessness, with imagery dictating the movement, and how the movement can dictate the imagery when the journey reverses. In simplest terms we wanted to find a cohesive process that allowed not just one aspect to dictate the other: a happy marriage between choreography and digital projection, all portrayed through our show, Icarus. This article will explore that journey.
Sharing ‘untamed ideas’: Process-based costume design in Finnish contemporary dance through the work of Marja Uusitalo
Authors: Helve Tua , Pantouvaki Sofia
Published: March 2017

When designing for contemporary dance, Finnish costume designer Marja Uusitalo integrates herself into the process of each production, allowing the costumes to emerge from collaboration. Starting from the costume designer’s ‘chase of untamed ideas’ and continuing with the production team’s ‘shared experiences’, Uusitalo’s design work is the outcome of a process led by trust, dialogue, creative exchange and experimentation. The collaborative nature of performance design has been discussed by both practitioners and scholars; yet, an in-depth investigation of the centrality of collaboration in process-based costume design would enhance a profounder understanding of process-led design in the specific field. Through Uusitalo’s work, this article examines the relationship between costume design process and costume outcomes in the context of Finnish contemporary dance in the twenty-first century. This article discusses the frame of Uusitalo’s work and analyses three of her designs as case studies. The analysis not only reveals the ways in which the design process informs the final costumes for the performance, but also brings to the forefront elements of process-based costume design that, as this article argues, result in an explicit understanding of collaboration as well as of the agency of the costume designer. Furthermore, by proposing ways to consider alternative working methods in costume design, this article contributes to an ongoing discourse on processes and hierarchical structures in the creative fields more broadly.
Spaces in-between worlds
Authors: Andreescu Florentina C.
Published: March 2017

In It Can Pass Through the Wall, Radu Jude, gravitating towards spaces in between worlds, explores a number of thematic elements – namely suicide, mortality, and ‘living death’ existence – that have strongly marked his previous work. This article discusses these elements, highlighting the short film’s display of Jude’s auteur signature.
Childhood fears: The importance of horror elements in It Can Pass Through the Wall
Authors: Madsen David
Published: March 2017

This article will examine how the film uses horror tropes through its title, mise-enscène and camerawork to create a dichotomy between the cosy, ‘safe’ apartment and the dangers that manage to pass through its thick walls.
Different ways of wearing the same Jacket
Authors: Beman Renata
Published: March 2017

The film draws the spectator into its protagonists’ cozy dialogues, offering an original representation of social exchanges within modern detachment. As the jacket changes hands, it is able to shift mood, emotionally shaking up spectators’ perception of society, life encounters, as well as their sense of honesty, self and reality.
When tears become a language: Frictions in a xenophobic national ‘imaginary’
Authors: Hove Muchativugwa
Published: March 2017

In the past few years, South Africa has experienced three widely publicized xenophobic attacks on foreign nationals. The victims of each of these incidents of antiimmigrant violence were Mozambican nationals and each received prominent media attention: the ‘burning man’ of 2008; the ‘police-dragged’ national of 2013; and the savagely-knifed Emmanuel Sithole of Alexandra in 2015. This article is framed by these incidents, in which the ‘alien’ found their negotiation of identity and history subverted by experiences in the diaspora. It discusses these incidents in order to broadly interrogate xenophobia, and in order to locate the genesis and implications of violent multicultural nuances reported in several hundred televisual broadcasts and newspaper articles across South Africa. A critical discourse analysis of these reports provides a platform for an examination of the nationalist and ethnicitycentred dynamics at play, and attempts to generate an understanding of the historical genesis of xenophobia in South Africa. Diasporic refugee and migrant movements within Southern Africa in recent times have brought about the ‘right to narrate’, hence the article’s enquiry into narratives, sites, sights, media reports and witness accounts that cut across the narrower interests of polities and nation states.
Prednosti metode Montessori pri obravnavi oseb z demenco
Authors: Ljubič Andreja , Štemberger Kolnik Tamara
Published: March 2017

Uvod: Demenca je kronično obolenje s tendenco upadanja kognitivnih sposobnosti obolelega. Uporaba metod za obvladovanje in trening osnovnih življenjskih aktivnosti, ki omogočajo daljše obdobje samostojnega življenja pacienta z demenco, je v tujini uveljavljena z različnimi novejšimi koomplementarnimi pristopi. Ena izmed uveljavljenih metod je pristop Marie Montessori, prilagojen odraslim pacientom z demenco. V članku je predstavljena metoda montessori pri obravnavi pacienta z demenco in njeni učinki na kakovost življenja pacienta z demenco. Metode: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna raziskovalna metodologija s pregledom domače in tuje literature. Za prikaz pregleda petih preko spleta dostopnih podatkovnih baz in odločanja o uporabnosti pregledanih virov je bila uporabljena metoda PRISMA. V končni pregled literature je bilo ključenih 19 člankov, objavljenih do maja 2016. Za obdelavo podatkov je bil uporabljen model analize konceptov. Večina zajetih raziskav je bila izvedena v Združenih državah Amerike. Rezultati: Po pregledu raziskav so bila identificirana tri tematska področja: (1) vpliv metode montessori na sodelovanje in prizadevanje, (2) vpliv metode montessori na vedenje, povezano s hranjenjem, in (3) vpliv metode montessori na širšo skupino kognitivnih sposobnosti. Diskusija in zaključek: Kljub majhnemu številu člankov, ki opisujejo uporabo metode montessori pri obravnavi pacientov z demenco, metodo lahko predstavimo kot učinkovito. Avtorji raziskav ugotavljajo, da pristop ne le omogoča ohranjanje kognitivnih sposobnosti, temveč le-te celo izboljšuje.
THE POWER OF WOMEN PATRIACHAL CULTURE IN NOVEL GADIS TANGSI by SOEPARTO BRATA AN OVERVIEW OF FEMINIST LITERARY CRITICISM
Authors: Martini Laura Andri Retno
Published: March 2017

The global community understand the different of gender based on biological and social indicators. The biological indicators, such as sex, the reproduction function, as a given and unchangeable factor. In the other side, the social difference leads to the different attitudes of men or women. This difference is in constructed by society. In the long run, the gender message has been mixed with the given factor, and the duty of child bearing is assumed to be the duty for women only
KAJIAN DESKRIPTIF STRUKTURAL WACANA GRAFITI PADA TRUK
Authors: Junawaroh Siti
Published: March 2017

This paper is entitled “A Descriptive Study of Graffiti Discourse Structure on Trucks”. This research discusses about language unity form on the trucks.The purpose of this research is to describe writing language unity on the truck which consists of words, phrases, clauses and sentences of writing on the trucks. The method used in this research was qualititative descriptive and the techniques used was observationtechnique. Here, the writer usedrecorded and written techniqueduring this research. In analyzing data, the writer usessubtitution method.. According to the analysis on the data, the writing on the truk is decrypted according to language unity in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The words found are in the form of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. The phrases found arein the form of nominal subordinative phrases, nominal coordinative phrases, verb subordinative phrases, and adjectival subordinative phrases. The clauses found includes S-P, P-S, and S-P-The sentences which are found are declarative sentencesand affirmative sentences.
ANALISIS KEBERADAAN EMMA LOU DALAM THE BLACKER THE BERRY KARYA WALLACE THURMAN
Authors: Asmarani Ratna
Published: March 2017

This paper deals with the novel entitled The Blacker the Berry written by Wallace Thurman. The focus of analysis is on the existence of Emma Lou, a young woman with very black skin. The literary research method used is the contextual method supported by Sartre’s ‘Modes of Existence’, Bergoffen’s concept on female’s body, the concept of intra-racial racism, and Faludi’s ‘Backlash’ framed in feminist literary criticism. The result shows that it is not easy for a young, black-skinned woman to live in a world still strictly applied intra-racial racism. She has to endure a bombardment of existential backlashes in the form of otherness due to the ideology adoring lighter skin. Her decision to construct her own existence emerges after she is able to accept her specific blackness.
CIVIC CULTURE DALAM NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA DAN KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT BALI AGA DESA TRUNYAN
Authors: Mahardika I Wayan Trisna , Darmawan Cecep
Published: March 2017

This research aims to see the civic culture on the culture and local wisdom of Bali Aga people in Trunyan, as well as to find how to preserve that. The method which used is qualitative with ethnography approach. The result shows that there is civic culture in the culture and local wisdom of Bali Aga people. That is found on culture of Ngayah, Paruman, Mepasah, and Barong Brutuk also in the value of local wisdom called Menyama Braya. The result also shows the preservation is run naturally along with belief in their ancestors and the bond between people and tradition.
SENI PERTUNJUKAN TRADISIONAL DI PERSIMPANGAN ZAMAN: STUDI KASUS KESENIAN MENAK KONCER SUMOWONO SEMARANG
Authors: Andri R.M. Laura
Published: March 2017

In Indonesia, each province has its own traditional culture. Traditional arts are used to express the beauty of the human soul. In traditional artwork implicit message of the society of knowledge, ideas, beliefs and values norms. In addition to the function of rituals, traditional performing arts is also being used to honor and commemorate the influential figures in the local community, heroism, patriotism and nationalism. One example of a traditional art that has the functionality is Menak Koncer. Menak Koncer is a community-owned art Sumowono, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah raised to preserve the culture and values in society. Through a qualitative descriptive approach with observation techniques and literature, it was found that at the next stage of development, especially in the modern society, arts performances Menak Koncer shift function just as mere entertainment. Menak Koncer existence as art and traditional culture in Indonesia progressively eroded by the expansion of global art and culture. Therefore, efforts must be made to preserve the arts and culture in the midst of changing times and foreign cultural influences have been increasing in Indonesia.
KAJIAN PERILAKU PRAGMATIS TERHADAP TINDAK TUTUR SANTRI TERHADAP KYAI DI PONDOK PESANTREN DI WILAYAH KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Tiani Riris
Published: March 2017

The main study is speech of moslem students assessed by using pragmatics approach that is politenes principle. Indicator in every maxim of politenes principle is used as santri having (sermon) in front of others santri. The goal of the research is to describe about the implementation of politenes principle maxims and to determine the politenes of santri’s speech delivering their sermon to others santri. The result of data analysis found the applications of tive maxims in Leech politenes principle on santri’s speech of the sermon. Its also found the determinant factor of politenes namely linguistics factors and nonlinguistics factors. Linguistics factors was found diction application and style of santri’s speech. Meanwhile, nonlinguistics factors was found that senior santri’s were more in applicating politenes maxim rather than junior santri’s. In addition, the use foreign language such as Arabic.