bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior and middle skull base meningiomas: experience from a sub-Saharan country of a series of 56 cases
Authors: Faye Mohameth , Thiam Alioune Badara , Barry Louncény Fatoumata , Sy Elhadj Cheikh Ndiaye , Fahad Attoumane , Mbaye Maguette , Thioub Mbaye , Ba Momar Code
Published: June 2021

Introduction : Les méningiomes de la base du crâne représentent 25% de tous les méningiomes. La plupart du temps à croissance lente, le défi réside dans leur relation avec le cercle de Willis et les nerfs crâniens. L'objectif de notre étude était de rapporter et d'évaluer la prise en charge des méningiomes de la fosse crânienne antérieure et moyenne en milieu sub-saharien.
Méthodes : Une série de 56 patients hospitalisés pour méningiomes de la fosse crânienne antérieure et moyenne dans notre service a été rétrospectivement revue et analysée, de janvier 2012 à décembre 2018.
 Résultats : Les méningiomes de la fosse crânienne antérieurs et moyens représentaient 32,7% des méningiomes intracrâniens de notre service. L'âge moyen était de 50,5 ans et le sex-ratio de 0,3. Les manifestations cliniques étaient dominées par les troubles visuels (57,1%) et l'hypertension intracrânienne (26,8%). La taille moyenne de la tumeur était de 54,3 mm. L'approche ptérionnelle a été utilisée sur 94,6% des patients. La qualité de la résection était de SIMPSON grade II dans 71,4% des cas. La mortalité postopératoire était de 14,2%. La pathologie était de grade I dans 91,1% des cas. Dans un suivi de 3 ans, nous avons noté une guérison complète dans 67,8% des cas. Nous avons eu deux cas de récidive.
Conclusion : Les méningiomes sont la tumeur la plus courante de la fosse crânienne antérieure et moyenne dans notre établissement. L'excision microchirurgicale était le seul traitement réalisé. Une guérison complète sans séquelle a été observée dans 67,8% des cas. L'amélioration de l'instrumentation et des soins neuro-intensifs a permis de réduire la mortalité et la morbidité, mais des efforts restent à faire, notamment dans le développement de traitements complémentaires.
Lipoma of the corpus callosum: Fat in the brain
Authors: Thapa Ashish Jung
Published: June 2021

Intracranial lipomas are very rare, slow-growing, and benign tumors usually asymptomatic but occasionally associated with symptoms like a seizure. This rare occurrence is usually diagnosed incidentally and magnetic resonance imaging is the choice of investigation and diagnosis can be confirmed with fat suppression sequences. Management of corpus callosal lipoma is mainly conservative management with surgery not indicated due to the location and its peripheral structures. Managing seizure is the mainstay of the treatment. We present a case of incidentally diagnosed tubulonodular corpus callosal lipoma after having an event of a fall injury.
Peltzman Effect and The Covid Pandemic
Authors: Roka Yam Bahadur
Published: June 2021

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Problematika Reforma Agraria pada Tanah Redistribusi Bekas HGU Tratak, Batang
Authors: Widarbo Koes
Published: June 2021

The redistribution of land as a means of agrarian reform in Trumben Village, Bandar District, Batang, Central Java Province comes from the former HGU No.1 Tratak.  The former HGU was successfully processed into State General Reserves Land (TCUN), then became Landreform Object Land covering an area of  ?79.8410 hectare since December 11th, 2015. The object was given to 425 heads of farmer families who had been working on the land. Each farmer receives one plot of land and cannot be transferred without hot official permits. Post-land redistribution, since 2018 the construction of Study Education Outside the Main Campus (PSDKU) UNDIP has begun. In line with this, problems arise, including the transfer of redistribution land ownership to external parties without permission, and the existence of agricultural land parcels for residential houses in the redistribution area. The purpose of this research is to see whether the UNDIP campus construction occurs in the rules of land redistribution transfer and how the alternative solutions to the existing problems. This study used an empirical juridical method with qualitative descriptive data analysis. The conclusion of this research is that the PSDKU development has an impact on the transfer of ownership and changes in the use of agricultural land to non-agricultural.Keywords: agrarian reform, former HGU Tratak, illegal housing
Intisari: Redistribusi tanah sebagai salah satu wujud penyelenggaraan  reforma agraria di Desa Trumben, Kecamatan Bandar, Kabupaten Batang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah berasal dari bekas HGU No. 1 Tratak. Bekas HGU tersebut kemudian diproses  menjadi Tanah Cadangan Umum Negara (TCUN), dan selanjutnya ditetapkan menjadi Obyek Landreform seluas 79,8410 hektar sejak Tanggal 11 Desember 2015. Objek tersebut diberikan kepada 425 kepala keluarga petani yang selama ini menggarap tanah tersebut. Masing-masing petani menerima satu bidang tanah Hak Milik (HM) dan tidak boleh dialihkan tanpa izin pejabat yang berwenang. Pasca redistribusi tanah tersebut, sejak tahun 2018 telah dimulai pembangunan Pendidikan Studi Di luar Kampus Utama (PSDKU) UNDIP.  Sejalan dengan hal tersebut timbul permasalahan, antara lain adanya peralihan kepemilikan tanah redistribusi kepada pihak eksternal tanpa izin, serta adanya pengkaplingan tanah pertanian untuk rumah tinggal dalam area redistribusi tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah pembangunan kampus UNDIP mengakibatkan terjadinya pelanggaran terhadap aturan peralihan tanah redistribusi tersebut serta bagaimana alternatif solusi dari permasalahan yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Kesimpulan  dari penelitian ini adalah pembangunan PSDKU berdampak pada peralihan kepemilikan dan perubahan penggunaan tanah pertanian menjadi non pertanian.Kata Kunci; Reforma Agraria, Bekas HGU Tratak, dan perumahan illegal
The Spread of the Mercator Projection in Western European and United States Cartography
Authors: Abee Michele
Published: June 2021

En 1569, le cartographe hollandais Gérard Mercator publiait une projection qui allait révolutionner la navigation maritime. Bien que l’importance de la projection de Mercator soit soulignée dans la documentation existante, la façon dont elle en est venue à jouer un rôle prépondérant dans la production de cartes du monde en cartographie thématique et en cartographie de référence n’a pas retenu l’attention. L’institutionnalisation de la projection de Mercator dans la cartographie de l’Europe occidentale et des États-Unis découle du rôle joué par les navigateurs, les sociétés et les organismes scientifiques, ainsi que les producteurs de cartes de référence et de cartes thématiques de même que d’atlas à l’usage du public. Les données, que l’auteure soumet à une analyse de contenu, proviennent du registre de publication de cartes du monde individuelles et apparaissant dans les atlas, et elles sont comparées et confrontées aux données historiques de sources complémentaires. L’étude révèle que l’utilisation impropre de la projection de Mercator a commencé après 1700, au moment où elle a été rattachée aux travaux des scientifiques auprès des navigateurs et à la création de la cartographie thématique. Au cours du dix-huitième siècle, la projection de Mercator a été diffusée dans les publications et les rapports destinés aux sociétés de géographie qui décrivaient les explorations financées par l’État. Au dix-neuvième siècle, l’influence de scientifiques bien connus faisant usage de la projection de Mercator a filtré dans les publications destinées au grand public. L’utilisation de la projection de Mercator dans la production de cartes du monde en cartographie de référence et en cartographie thématique est un choix qui résultait de la validation indirecte de cette projection par les milieux scientifique et universitaire depuis le dix-huitième siècle jusque tard au dix-neuvième siècle.
Art as “Talking Back”: Louise Jefferson’s Life and Legacy of Counter-Mapping
Authors: Yessler Reagan , Hilton Alderman Derek
Published: June 2021

Louise Jefferson, à qui les auteurs consacrent leur étude, se situe au croisement de deux cultures cartographiques négligées, celles des femmes et des Afro-Américains, au milieu du vingtième siècle. Son travail d’artiste — illustratrice, photographe et cartographe — ainsi que l’histoire de sa vie témoignent de ce que les cartes recèlent davantage que ce que leur définition classique laisse croire. Les auteurs retracent brièvement l’histoire des géographies afro-américaines et féministes et examinent les fonctions plus généralement reconnues des cartes et des contre-cartes, mettant en relief les fonctions cartographiques moins connues. En s’appuyant sur ces définitions et ces fonctions, ils montrent comment la vie de Louise Jefferson de même que des morceaux choisis de ses œuvres ressortissent à la contre-cartographie, une façon de « répliquer » à l’exclusion raciale et d’affirmer la valeur des vies et des histoires afro-américaines. Les auteurs analysent certaines œuvres de Jefferson qui, normalement, ne seraient pas étiquetées comme des ouvrages de cartographie afin d’illustrer les différentes fonctions et parutions de ces cartes comme expression d’identité antiraciste.
Pilot study: The effectiveness of physiotherapy-led screening for patients requiring an orthopedic intervention
Authors: Pike Mallory , Campagna-Wilson Lucie , Sears Kim , Warren Robert , Legay Douglas , Trudel Daniel
Published: June 2021

LAY SUMMARY

In Canada, patients can wait over a year to be seen by an orthopedic surgeon. To reduce wait times, physiotherapists have been employed in some practice areas to triage patients prior to being seen by an orthopedic surgeon. This study looked at different forms of triage by using physiotherapists to screen electronic medical records (EMR) to determine if patients needed orthopedic intervention or conservative management. To guide the physiotherapists, a screening tool was created. The study compared the recommendations of the physiotherapists with those of an orthopedic surgeon. The results showed that, most of the time, physiotherapists using the screening tool successfully identified whether a patient needed to see an orthopedic surgeon or could be treated with physiotherapy. This type of screening process may decrease wait times to see an orthopedic surgeon and improve access to physiotherapy or other treatments.
Seeding a Green New Theatre in Canada
Authors: Richards Kimberly Skye
Published: June 2021

Dans cet article, Kimberly Skye Richards s’inspire des principes des mouvements populaires pour la justice climatique, des plateformes de mouvements sociaux et des réseaux d’action pour jeter les bases d’un nouveau théâtre vert au Canada, faisant valoir qu’un tel théâtre pourrait servir dans la transition d’une économie d’extraction et d’exploitation vers une économie régénératrice face à la crise climatique. Richards présente quelques graines qui ont déjà été semées pour la création d’un nouveau théâtre vert au Canada, lesquelles donneront l’élan qu’il faut au changement profond essentiel à une transition vers une économie décarbonisée et décolonisée. Elle explique aussi comment la transition énergétique pourra révolutionner le système de production théâtrale actuel.
Radical Refusals and Indigenous Gifts of Love: A Conversation on Indigenous Theatre afterbug
Authors: Alvis Cole , Bonnell Yolanda , Senklip Harvey Kim , Lachance Lindsay , Bhat Sheetala
Published: June 2021

En février 2020, le collectif manidoons a exprimé le souhait que la reprise de la pièce bug, co-présentée par le Théâtre Passe Muraille et la compagnie Native Earth Performing Arts, soit critiquée uniquement par des personnes autochtones, noires ou de couleur (PANDC). bug est un spectacle solo écrit et interprété par l’artiste sud-asiatique et ojibwée Yolanda Bonnell, mis en scène par l’artiste métis Cole Alvis et créé par le collectif manidoons. La décision du collectif a suscité une polémique importante. Le 27 avril 2020, Cole Alvis, Yolanda Bonnell, la dramaturge et metteure en scène Kim Senklip Harvey (Syilx, Tsilhqot’in, Ktunaxa et Dakelh) et la chercheure et conseillère dramaturgique Lindsay Lachance (Algonquine anishinaabe) ont participé à une discussion en ligne animée et documentée par Sheetala Bhat, doctorante à la Western University, sur les pratiques théâtrales autochtones, les attentes du grand public en ce qui concerne la critique des œuvres théâtrales, les approches décoloniales et autres à l’acte d’assister à une pièce de théâtre autochtone et d’y réagir. Les personnes ont également abordé d’autres préoccupations qui touchent les PANDC qui font du théâtre.
Clicking a Collaborative Path: Exploring What (re)Conciliation Can Look Like in Inheritance: a pick-the-path experience
Authors: Smith Annie
Published: June 2021

Cet article part d’un entretien avec des membres de l’équipe de création du spectacle Inheritance : a pick-the-path experience, présenté par les compagnies Alley Theatre et Touchstone Theatre, en collaboration avec le Vancouver Moving Theatre et le Centre d’amitié autochtone de Vancouver. Inheritance propose au public d’explorer les dynamiques sous-jacentes à la (ré)conciliation en choisissant comment se déroulera sur scène un récit où la souveraineté des Autochtones sur le territoire s’oppose au privilège des colons dans une cabane isolée en Colombie-Britannique. La personne qui mène les entretiens découvre la genèse du projet et son développement, et on lui explique comment la participation du public détermine le déroulement de l’intrigue.
POLÍCIA FEDERAL: função vertebradora, combate à corrupção e os desvios de conduta policial
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos Frederico Portella Santos , Sousa Joselito de Araujo , Macedo Nelson Levy Kneip de Freitas , Dechandt Siegrid Guillaumon
Published: June 2021

Resumo: O artigo aborda, de forma teórica, a função vertebradora da Polícia Federal no enfrentamento à corrupção, iniciando pelo enfrentamento a casos envolvendo seus próprios servidores. Foi feito levantamento junto à CGU de dados de punições de servidores públicos federais por corrupção e outras causas. Foi feita também análise de notícias publicadas em jornais de grande circulação a respeito de prisões de policiais federais por corrupção, comofenômeno decorrente do combate à corrupção interna. Os resultados  comparativos mostram a rigidez muito maior com que a Polícia Federal trata os casos de corrupção interna em relação aos demais órgãos do Poder Executivo Federal, tendo sido expulsos, no período compreendido entre 2003 a 2019, oito vezes mais servidores do Poder Executivo federal, por envolvimento em casos de corrupção, em relação à média geral.
Editorial: Investigação criminal e novas tecnologias para obtenção de prova
Authors: Saad Marta
Published: June 2021

Os meios de obtenção de prova utilizados na fase preliminar da persecução penal, notadamente nos casos de criminalidade organizada, sofisticaram-se. Há certo tempo as legislações têm previsto meios excepcionais de obtenção de prova ou métodos ocultos de investigação, carregados, como o próprio nome diz, de sigilo. É o caso, entre nós, das possibilidades previstas na Lei n. 12.850/2013.

As características deste tipo de criminalidade, que é contínua ou permanente e não tem vítima direta, dentre outras especificidades, representam desafios ao modelo tradicional de investigação preliminar, que se viu impelido a lançar mão de novos instrumentos de persecução penal, como interceptações telefônicas, telemática, captação ambiental de sinais eletromagnéticos, ópticos ou acústicos, e métodos como ação controlada e infiltração de agentes, dentre outros.

Neste sentido, as possibilidades de uso da tecnologia, por meio da busca de rastros, dados e informações, armazenados ou em trânsito, têm alterado significativamente as formas tradicionais de investigação criminal. Ademais, as tecnologias de vigilância, especialmente em meio digital, têm tornado opaco o limite de separação entre prevenção e repressão dos delitos, entre segurança pública e persecução penal.
PRE-SERVICE STUDENTS’ TRAINING TO TEACH LISTENING IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSROOM
Authors: Gembaruk Alla
Published: June 2021

The article describes the way of pre-service students’ training to teach listening in the English language classroom which is done within the framework of new PRESETT Curriculum on Methodology designed in context of “New Generation School Teachers” joint project (2013–2019), initiated by the Ministry of Education and Science, Ukraine and the British Council, Ukraine. The article highlights the content of the unit devoted to teaching listening, its structure, modes of teaching and learning, assessment specifications. The article also specifies the tasks for school experience and the way teacher assistantship is organized. The results of students’ evaluation of the unit on teaching listening are presented in the article.
Keywords: PRESETT Curriculum on Methodology, “New Generation School Teachers” project, pre-service teacher training, teaching listening, school experience, modes of teaching and learning, assessment specifications, reflection, unit evaluation form, self-assessment checklist.
MODERN TRAJECTORIES OF TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS
Authors: Kondratska Halyna , Chepelyuk Anna
Published: June 2021

The modern orientation of physical training and sports is aimed at the development of physical and intellectual activity of students. This allows us to talk about physical training and sports as an important means of formation the individual, citizen and future competitive specialist.The article considers physical training and sports as a component of the education system.It demonstrates that the task of physical culture and sports in higher education institutions is the formation of personal culture of students, creating conditions for their professional development and the formation on this basis of intellectual, creative and cultural potential. The results of research in the field of physical education and sports using empirical methods, suggested that future professionals should have a set of competencies in the chosen field of knowledge, taking into account different disciplines in the context of professional standards.According to researchers, taking into account the regional approach, the use of local resources will determine the effective trajectories of training specialists in physical education and sports.The article also reveals modern trajectories of training of specialists in physical education and sports.The method of this study is a review study, which has become a difficult problem due to the importance of training specialists to implement the socialization of modern youth.It highlights the trajectories of the formation of the educational-professional program of training specialists in “Physical Education” The article also reveals the realization of educational components: information-cognitive, content-procedural, activity-effective, which promote personal development of the student.We prove the planning of two components of the educational program of professional and selective, including blocks of disciplines that should provide integration of knowledge of students in formation of the general and professional competences.The article reveals realization of educational components: information-cognitive, content-procedural, activity-effective, which promote personal development of the student.
Keywords: education, sports, preparation, program, components, trajectories, students.
HISTORICAL, CULTURAL, NATURE RESERVES AND HEALTH FACILITIES OF CHERKASY REGION THROUGH THE PRISM OF INCLUSIVE TOURISM (2020)
Authors: Koliada Nataliia
Published: June 2021

The review highlights proposed guide “Historical, cultural, nature reserves and health facilities of Cherkasy region through the prism of inclusive tourism”, that consists of seven sections: “Nature Reserve Fund”, “Historical and Cultural Parks”, “Museums”, “Churches and monasteries”, “Sacred objects or "places of power"”, “Rural tourism”, “Sanatoriums”. The research textbook will be useful for students, teachers, educators, social educators, social workers, practical psychologists.
As TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO E O USO WHATSAPP: AS POSIÇÕES DOS PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS E BIOLOGIA.
Authors: Cunha Camila , Freitas dos Santos Alana , Do Socorro Andrade dos Santos Maria
Published: June 2021

Ao passo que a sociedade se transforma e incorpora as tecnologias digitais, surge a necessidade de modificar também a educação. Para que ocorram práticas pedagógicas inovadoras, é necessário de antemão que eles estejam dispostos a aprender a lidar e trabalhar a favor dessas tecnologias. Serão discutidos neste artigo dados de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa de pesquisas empíricas que nos permitiram compreender a posição dos professores diante das TICs e do Whatsapp. Os resultados indicam que os professores depositam grande esperança nas TICs sobretudo para deixar o ensino mais dinâmico e atrativo. Alguns professores as consideram como um recurso, enquanto que outros indicam que as TICs são uma metodologia de ensino. O Whatsapp aparece a tecnologia mais utilizada pelos professores, sendo as TICs utilizadas para viabilizar o ensino de todos os conteúdos de ciências e biologia, mas em especial àqueles que necessitam de maior abstração, como Citologia e Microbiologia. As experiências dos professores mostram as potencialidades e momentos em que a inserção do Whatsapp se efetiva com fins educativos.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL CRÍTICA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Stopa da Cruz Ynaiara Kristhine , De Souza Poletto Rodrigo , Aparecida Machado Thaynara , Da Silva Alves Dayanne
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma revisão sistemática de literatura (RSL) que teve como objetivo observar e analisar de que forma a Educação Ambiental Crítica está sendo abordada na formação inicial e continuada de professores. A investigação foi realizada por meio de trabalhos publicados nos seguintes bancos de dados: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do Instituto Brasileiro de Informação e Ciências e Tecnologia, Banco de Teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES e nas revistas qualificadas na área de Ensino em A1, A2 e B1 entre 2000 e 2018. Como resultados dos 7.460 trabalhos analisados, somente 16 abordavam a temática, de formação de professores, visando reconstruir conceitos, superar o reducionismo e refletir sobre os aspectos políticos, econômicos, sociais e ambientais acerca da temática, portanto os resultados evidenciam a carência nas publicações a respeito da Educação Ambiental Crítica na formação inicial e continuada de professores.
UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO ENTRE O CONCEITO DE CAMPO ELÉTRICO E AS FORMAS DE MEDIAÇÕES NO ENSINO DE FÍSICA
Authors: Meggiolaro Graciela , dos Santos Antonio Vanderlei , Serrano de Andrade Neto Agostinho
Published: June 2021

Neste trabalho, procuramos mostrar uma investigação com foco na compreensão do conceito de vetor campo elétrico por uma aluna do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática matriculada na disciplina de Física Geral III, por intermédio de uma simulação computacional no software GeoGebra. O objetivo era investigar/identificar, de acordo com a Teoria da Mediação Cognitiva (TMC) as mediações (psicofísica, social, cultural e hipercultural) determinantes na aprendizagem de vetor campo elétrico. Utilizamos a TMC como referencial, pois, ela faz uma abordagem baseada no processamento de informações, sendo capaz de explicar o funcionamento da cognição humana, uma vez que, os processos mentais de um indivíduo ocorrem a partir do processamento de informações por estruturas em seu ambiente. A partir de gestos descritivos e suas correspondentes imagens mentais, foram realizadas as análises dos dados produzidos, as quais deram indícios de que a mediação social, cultural e hipercultural estavam presentes na aprendizagem de vetores.
New Trend of Surgery in Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Rerkrak Tatcha , Sunpaweravong Somkiat
Published: June 2021

The treatment of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is still controversial. Although, preoperative chemoradiation, followed by esophagectomy is the standard treatment, morbidity and patients’ quality of life problems after an esophagectomy are still considerable. Since a good pathologic complete response rate in patients after preoperative chemoradiation, a wait and see policy (with active surveillance) has been introduced as a new alternative approach after chemoradiation. Active surveillance involves imaging and biopsy evaluations in patients after chemoradiation to detect residual or recurrent tumors. If there are no residual tumors, observation is considered. Surgery is reserved for patients who present with residual tumors or locoregional recurrence after surveillance to achieve complete resection (salvage esophagectomy). Based on evidence from recent studies, surveillance with salvage esophagectomy is a treatment option for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients achieving a clinical complete response after chemoradiation.
Keanekaragaman Spons pada Ekosistem Padang Lamun di Perairan Malang Rapat, Kabupaten Bintan
Authors: Fidayat Fidayat , Lestari Febrianti , Nugraha Adiya Hikmat
Published: June 2021

Secara ekologis ekosistem padang lamun memiliki peranan penting pada daerah pesisir, antara lain sebagai produsen primer pada perairan dangkal, daerah pembesaran, pemijahan dan juga merupakan sumber makanan penting bagi beberapa jenis organisme. Salah satu biota asosiatif di ekosistem lamun adalah spons. Spons adalah hewan berpori yang hidup dengan cara menyaring makanannya dari air laut dan bersifat bentik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kerapatan lamun, mengetahui jenis kepadatan spons, mengetahui karakter penciri lingkungan kepadatan spons, kerapatan lamun dan parameter lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 6 jenis spons Cinachyra sp., Raspailia arbuscula, Dendrilla antarctica, Petrosia sp., Tetrapocillon Novaezealandiae, Cinachyrella sp. Nilai kerapatan lamun berkisar antara 181 - 312 ind/m2 dengan kategori pada setiap stasiun di kategorikan sangat rapat. Kepadatan spons sebesar 5,2 ind/m2  6 ind/m2. Indeks keanekaragaman spons berkisar antara 0 0,4, pada semua stasiun dikategorikan rendah. Hasil analis komponen utama atau PCA menunjukan stasiun satu parameter lingkungan perairan tidak memiliki kedekatan dengan kerapatan lamun dan kepadatan spons. Sedangkan pada stasiun dua kepadatan spons memiliki kedekatan dengan parameter lingkungan perairan seperti pH dan suhu, pada stasiun tiga kerapatan lamun memiliki kedekatan  dengan parameter lingkungan perairan seperti salinitas dan kecerahan.
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa dalam Kegiatan Transformasional Berpikir Aljabar
Authors: Permatasari Dian
Published: June 2021

Kemampuan berpikir aljabar meliputi kegiatan generasional, transformasional, dan global meta-level. Dari ketiga kegiatan, rata-rata kemampuan siswa SMP kelas VII pada kegiatan transformasional lebih rendah dibandingkan kegiatan yang lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan 1) kemampuan berpikir aljabar khususnya dalam kegiatan transformasional dan 2) kesulitan dialami siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal kegiatan transformasional siswa SMP kelas VII. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 95 siswa dari 3 SMP di Yogyakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik tes dan wawancara. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah 2 butir soal uraian yang memuat kegiatan transformasional dan pedoman wawancara. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Pada aspek menggunakan representasi untuk memanipulasi pernyataan, sebanyak 21% siswa dapat memanipulasi pernyataan dengan benar. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena siswa kesulitan dalam membalik urutan operasi atau membagi atau mengalikan dengan ekspresi yang mungkin sama dengan nol atau dapat dikatakan siswa sering mengabaikan variabel saat melakukan operasi bentuk aljabar; (2) Pada aspek menentukan nilai variabel yang belum diketahui, hanya 9% siswa yang menjawab benar. Hal tersebut disebabkan siswa SMP kesulitan dalam menerapkan operasi terhadap variabel dan memahami makna dari tanda sama “=”.
Antiresorptive and anabolic medications used in the perioperative period of patients with osteoporosis undergoing spine surgery: their impact on the biology of fusion and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bryant Jean-Paul , Perez-Roman Roberto J. , Burks S. Shelby , Wang Michael Y.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

Osteoporosis represents the most common metabolic disease of the bone, with an estimated 10% of adults aged 50 years or older affected in the United States. This patient population is at increased risk for spine fracture and instrumentation-related complications after spine surgery. Surgeon knowledge of the available treatments for patients with low bone mineral density (BMD) and how they impact biology of fusion may help mitigate negative effects in the postoperative period. Recombinant parathyroid hormone, which is sold under the name teriparatide, is the most extensively studied bone-protecting agent in humans. Additionally, the success of the monoclonal antibody denosumab has led to further clinical investigations of human patients undergoing spine surgery. Another monoclonal antibody, romosozumab, was recently approved by the US FDA for human use in patients with osteoporosis. Although studies of romosozumab in patients undergoing spine surgery have not been conducted, this is a promising potential therapeutic agent based on its early success in preclinical and clinical trials. Here, the authors aimed to review the mechanisms of action and evidence of use of antiresorptive and anabolic agents in patients with osteoporosis undergoing spine surgery.

METHODS

In accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted to explore the antiresorptive and anabolic agents used in the perioperative period in patients with osteoporosis undergoing spinal surgery. The search was performed by using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Titles and abstracts were screened and subsequently selected for full review.

RESULTS

The initial search returned 330 articles. Of these articles, 23 final articles were included and reviewed. Many of these articles reported that use of adjuvant agents in the perioperative period improved radiographic evidence of bony fusion and bone fusion rates. These agents tended to improve BMD postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS

Although antiosteoporosis agents are effective to varying degrees as treatments of patients with low BMD, teriparatide and bisphosphonates have been the most extensively studied with respect to spinal instrumentation. The advent of newer agents represents an area for further exploration, especially due to the current paucity of controlled investigations. It is imperative for spine surgeons to understand the mechanisms of action of these drugs and their effects on biology of fusion.
Use of rhBMP-2 for adult spinal deformity surgery: patterns of usage and changes over the past decade
Authors: Bannwarth Mathieu , Smith Justin S. , Bess Shay , Klineberg Eric O. , Ames Christopher P. , Mundis Gregory M. , Kim Han Jo , Lafage Renaud , Gupta Munish C. , Burton Douglas C. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie , _ _
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 (rhBMP-2) has been shown to increase fusion rates; however, cost, limited FDA approval, and possible complications impact its use. Decisions regarding rhBMP-2 use and changes over time have not been well defined. In this study, the authors aimed to assess changes in rhBMP-2 use for adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery over the past decade.

METHODS

A retrospective review of the International Spine Study Group prospective multicenter database was performed to identify ASD patients treated surgically from 2008 to 2018. For assessment of rhBMP-2 use over time, 3 periods were created: 2008–2011, 2012–2015, and 2016–2018.

RESULTS

Of the patients identified, 1180 met inclusion criteria, with a mean age 60 years and 30% of patients requiring revision surgery; rhBMP-2 was used in 73.9% of patients overall. The mean rhBMP-2 dose per patient was 23.6 mg. Patients receiving rhBMP-2 were older (61 vs 58 years, p < 0.001) and had more comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index 1.9 vs 1.4, p < 0.001), a higher rate of the Scoliosis Research Society–Schwab pelvic tilt modifier (> 0; 68% vs 62%, p = 0.026), a greater deformity correction (change in pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis 15° vs 12°, p = 0.01), and more levels fused (8.9 vs 7.9, p = 0.003). Over the 3 time periods, the overall rate of rhBMP-2 use increased and then stabilized (62.5% vs 79% vs 77%). Stratified analysis showed that after an overall increase in rhBMP-2 use, only patients who were younger than 50 years, those who were smokers, those who received a three-column osteotomy (3CO), and patients who underwent revision sustained an increased rate of rhBMP-2 use between the later two periods. No similar increases were noted for older patients, nonsmokers, primary surgery patients, and patients without a 3CO. The total rhBMP-2 dose decreased over time (26.6 mg vs 24.8 mg vs 20.7 mg, p < 0.001). After matching patients by preoperative alignment, 215 patients were included, and a significantly lower rate of complications leading to revision surgery was observed within the 2012–2015 period compared with the 2008–2011 (21.4% vs 13.0%, p = 0.029) period, while rhBMP-2 was increasingly used (80.5% vs 66.0%, p = 0.001). There was a trend toward a lower rate of pseudarthrosis for patients in the 2012–2015 period, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (7% vs 4.2%, p = 0.283).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors found that rhBMP-2 was used in the majority of ASD patients and was more commonly used in those with greater deformity correction. Additionally, over the last 10 years, rhBMP-2 was increasingly used for ASD patients, but the dose has decreased.
Safety and efficacy of low-dose rhBMP-2 use for anterior cervical fusion
Authors: Mendenhall Stephen K. , Priddy Blake H. , Mobasser Jean-Pierre , Potts Eric A.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in routine anterior cervical fusion (ACF) is controversial. Early reports described high complication rates. A variety of dosing regimens ranging from 0.6 to 2.1 mg per level fused have been reported. The authors hypothesized that the high amounts of rhBMP-2 used in these studies led to the high complication rates observed; therefore, they set out to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-dose rhBMP-2 for use in ACFs.

METHODS

Patient inclusion criteria were 1) age 18 to 70 years; 2) initial stand-alone ACF construct; 3) fusion augmentation with rhBMP-2; and 4) at least 1 year of radiographic follow-up. A successful fusion was defined by either 1) lateral flexion-extension radiographs with less than 1 mm of movement across the fused spinous processes, or 2) bone bridging at least half of the fusion area originally achieved by surgery on fine-cut CT. Patient demographics, perioperative data, and postoperative complications were recorded.

RESULTS

A total of 198 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Sixty-two patients (31%) were smokers. The median number of levels fused was 2 (IQR 1.25). The mean dose of rhBMP-2 was 0.50 ± 0.09 mg per level. Twenty-two (11%) patients experienced dysphagia. Eleven (6%) patients experienced cervical swelling. Two (1%) patients returned to the operating room (OR) for postoperative hematoma. One (0.5%) patient returned to the OR for seroma. Two (1%) patients experienced pseudarthrosis requiring a posterior fusion. Three (2%) patients experienced a new postoperative neurological deficit that had recovered by last the follow-up. Overall, 190 (96%) patients experienced solid arthrodesis over an average of 15 months of follow-up. There was no difference in fusion rates between patients who were either smokers or nonsmokers (p = 0.7073).

CONCLUSIONS

The use of low-dose rhBMP-2 safely and effectively augmented anterior cervical arthrodesis. The low-dose protocol assessed in this study appeared to significantly reduce complications associated with rhBMP-2 use in ACF compared with the literature. The authors have determined that using low-dose rhBMP-2 in patients who are smokers, those with multilevel ACFs, or others at high risk of developing pseudarthrosis is recommended.
Aprendizaje transformador en la territorialización de la agroecología
Authors: Guzmán Luna Alejandra , Ferguson Bruce G.
Published: June 2021

Los encuentros Campesino a Campesino (CaC) figuran entre las herramientas de aprendizaje más eficaces para el escalamiento o territorialización de la agroecología. Es prioritario caracterizar elementos que sustenten el aprendizaje transformador y permitan el diálogo entre epistemologías campesinas y no-campesinas aliadas. A partir de nuestra experiencia como participantes en un encuentro celebrado entre cuatro comunidades del sur de México, y en diálogo con la literatura, proponemos siete elementos claves que ayudarán a diseñar y facilitar los encuentros: 1) sentipensar de las personas participantes; 2) no distinguir entre el enseñar y el aprender; 3) compartir sobre la experimentación campesina; 4) destacar el conocimiento ecológico campesino; 5) facilitar el diálogo de saberes; 6) resaltar procesos organizativos, y, finalmente 7) impulsar la ruptura de patrones patriarcales al asegurar la participación y liderazgo femeninos. Dichos elementos permiten que aun cuando cada persona y comunidad llegue a un encuentro campesino con experiencias, saberes y preocupaciones particulares, predomine una empatía mutua basada en una epistemología, ética y retos compartidos. El resultado es una reflexión autónoma, crítica y autocrítica que potencializa la territorialización horizontal y profunda de la agroecología.
Epidemia da insônia: Kopenawa e a equivocidade do esquecimento
Authors: Pitta Maurício Fernando
Published: June 2021

Friedrich Nietzsche dizia que a transcendência e a negação da vida, próprias do niilismo reativo que caracteriza a autofagia do Ocidente, eram subprodutos do excesso de memória, plasmado em ressentimento e “espírito de vingança”. Por outro lado, o xamã yanomami Davi Kopenawa, liderança indígena e autor, junto ao antropólogo Bruce Albert, do livro A queda do céu, responsabiliza o esquecimento dos brancos (napë pë) por sua própria derrocada — derrocada que leva todos os povos não-brancos consigo, em um vertiginoso cataclisma ambiental e pandêmico de dimensões planetárias que Kopenawa e os Yanomami chamam de “queda do céu”. Neste artigo, pretendemos lidar com essa equivocidade perspectiva do olvido, vislumbrando nela uma questão filosófica crucial: como compreender esse duplo cruzamento entre olvido e memória, quando saímos do discurso filosófico ocidental e partimos para o discurso de um pensador yanomami? Haveria em jogo, aqui, uma equivocidade do olvido, no sentido em que o esquecimento é outro, a depender de sua direção?
O que é ‘Metametafisica’? Uma Análise das Metodologias de Meinong, Carnap e Quine
Authors: Lins Lemos Italo , Kraemer Cristian
Published: June 2021

A Metametafísica é o estudo sobre os fundamentos e a metodologia da Metafísica. Analisaremos neste artigo três metodologias que marcaram as origens da Metametafísica na Tradição Analítica: a de Alexius Meinong, Rudolf Carnap e Willard van Orman Quine. De acordo com Meinong, há uma distinção entre ‘existir’ e ‘haver’ e, para preservar a intuição de que todo ato intencional é direcionado a um objeto, há coisas que não existem. Segundo Carnap, as perguntas em Metafísica podem ser facilmente respondidas por meios empíricos ou inferenciais, desde que adotemos um sistema de referência linguístico (framework) e respondamos às questões internamente a esse framework. Já Quine argumentou que tomar uma entidade com sendo existente é tomá-la como o valor de uma variável ligada. A Metametafísica é relevante porque desambigua o nosso vocabulário e evita que os filósofos e filósofas se envolvam em meras disputas verbais. O nosso objetivo neste artigo não foi explicitar a nossa predileção por alguma dessas metodologias, mas fornecer um ponto de partida para os que não estão familiarizados com essas discussões — de modo que outros pesquisadores e pesquisadoras se engajem com as questões pertencentes à Metametafísica.
Originalidade, princípio e ápice dos fundamentos morais no crivo da teoria dos valores de Max Scheler
Authors: Sepúlveda Jose , Dos Santos de Jesus Ailton
Published: June 2021

Devido à importância da teoria dos valores, elaborada por Max Scheler, este artigo tem a finalidade de descrever a essência e originalidade da fundamentação moral, mostrando a absoluteidade que lhe é inerente, para erigir uma ética de valores morais absolutos. Feito, isto, encontraremos de fato, fundamentos axiológicos capazes de evidenciar os princípios que permeiam e tornam a base da vida ética e moral das pessoas repleta de valor e sentido, dentro da respondente e responsável causalidade de suas ações e decisões que emanam desta capacidade humana e, que está latente em sua essência.
Causalidade kantiana e leis científicas contingentes
Authors: Vieira Coutinho Abreu Gomes Irio
Published: June 2021

A causalidade diz respeito à ligação entre dois eventos em que um causa o outro. Essa ligação deve ser necessária e permanente, ou seja, o primeiro evento causa o segundo sempre e irrevogavelmente. Suspeitas quanto à validade do princípio de causalidade são recorrentes em filosofia, parecendo estar nas investigações de David Hume sua melhor crítica. Contudo a causalidade se põe como essencial e inevitável na formulação de inúmeras leis científicas. Por sua vez, essas leis, desde as críticas da epistemologia do século XX, são tidas por contingentes ou revisáveis. Nossa questão é: como compatibilizar a contingencialidade das leis científicas com a necessidade da causalidade kantiana? Para tanto faremos o seguinte: 1) Analisaremos a vinculação entre tempo e a relação de causa e efeito para a compreensão de Kant da causalidade; 2) mostraremos como se dá a diferença e relação de dependência entre a causalidade kantiana e as leis causais físicas; 3) finalmente nos encontraremos com o sentido kantiano da necessidade e revisibilidade das leis físicas.
A educação do ethos na Antígona de Sófocles
Authors: Biasoli Luis Fernando
Published: June 2021

Antígona, de Sófocles, escrita por volta de 441-440 a.C. é a tragédia mais estuda e interpretada da história do teatro clássico. São diversos os ângulos interpretativos e de análise que a 2500 a.C. desafiam os exegetas e estudiosos das diversas áreas do conhecimento humano. A forma como a peça é, interpretativamente, recebida varia conforme os interesses do tempo no qual ela é estudada e encenada. Objetiva-se, nesse trabalho, por meio de uma análise hermêutico-dialética de revisão de literatura, apresentar possíveis impactos que o descumprimento da lei civil que impedia a jovem princesa Antígona a oportunizar um sepultamento digno a seu irmão, Polinice, possui para a formação de um ethos educativo e emancipador de cidadãos que busquem na sua práxis a plena justiça social, diante de leis tecidas pela lógica excludente de um poder de estado que almeja apenas se perpetuar no poder. Os personagens principais são analisados e contextualizados à luz da compreensão de um ethos formativo que priorize a lógica da justiça em detrimento da lógica fria da lei jurídica. Conclui-se que o interdito de Creonte, ainda, está vivo em nosso tempo, e a educação é um dos principais instrumentos, para transformar o status quo que vitimiza, injustamente, muitas pessoas em nome de uma razão de estado divorciada de princípios ético-morais.
The effect of IL-1β on MRP2 expression and tamoxifen toxicity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Valinezhad Sani Fatemeh , Alamolhodaei Nafiseh Sadat , Rashidpoor Hatam , Gharaee Melika Ehtesham , Behravan Javad , Mosaffa Fatemeh
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation is considered to be a risk factor for carcinogenesis, tumor development and metastasis by providing tumor-related factors. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the effect of cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as a key mediator of inflammation on multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2) expression and tamoxifen toxicity in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 breast cancer cells. METHODS: The effects of IL-1β on tamoxifen toxicity following 20-day treatment of MCF-7 cells with IL-1β and/or 17β-estradiol (E2) were measured by MTT assay. Furthermore, the effects of IL-1β and/or E2 on the mRNA expression and protein levels of MRP2 and NF-κB (p65) in breast cancer cells were evaluated by QRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS: Treatment of breast cancer cells with IL-1β+ E2 decreased the sensitivity to 4-OH tamoxifen compared to both E2-treated and untreated cells. The mRNA expression levels of MRP2 and NF-κB (p65) were significantly increased following treatment with IL-1β+ E2, compared to control. In addition, breast cancer cells treatment with IL-1β+ E2 increased protein expression of MRP2 and it had no significant effect on NF-κB/p65 protein expression in these cells. CONCLUSION: Increased expression of mRNA and protein level of MRP2 following 20-day treatment of MCF-7 cells with IL-1β + E2 might be a possible elucidation for the increased tamoxifen resistance which was observed in these cells. More researches are essential to clarify the molecular mechanisms of inflammation on drug-resistance in the tumor environment in order to reducing or eliminating chemotherapy resistance and developing more effective treatment strategies.
Association between molecular subtype of local advanced breast cancer with Ca 15-3 level
Authors: Ruswendro Dony , Syamsu Salman Ardi , Thabry Rudy , Seweng Arifin , Usman Andi Nilawati
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue that grows excessively and not coordinated with normal tissue growth and continues to do so even though the stimulation that triggered the change has stopped. Breast cancer can be known by using tumor marker, which has been used is mucin-like glycoprotein Carcinoma Antigen (CA 15-3) which is a tumor marker that is specific to breast cancer. METHOD: This study is a cross-sectional study to determine the association between molecular subtypes of locally advanced breast cancer with CA 15-3 level at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda Hospital. The population in this study were all breast cancer patients that were confirmed by histopathological examination. RESULTS: A total of 75 patients were included for this study, 29 patients (38.7%) known as Overexpression HER2, 18 patients (24.0%) were Luminal B with HER2 (+), 11 patients (14.7%) were Luminal B with HER2 (−), 11 patients (14.7%) were Basal-like/TNBC, and 6 patients (8,0%) were Luminal A. From the ANOVA test, the value of p = 0.045 (p < 0.05) means there was an association between Ca 15-3 level and molecular subtypes in patients with locally advanced breast cancer at the Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital in Samarinda 2017. In this study Ca 15-3 levels were obtained on average for Luminal A 16.98 U/mL, Luminal B with HER2 (−) 42.41 U/mL, Luminal B with HER2 (+) 73.75 U/mL, Overexpression HER2 47.73 U/mL, and Basal Like /TNBC 63.50 U/mL. CONCLUSION: Statistically, it was found that there was an association between Ca 15-3 levels and molecular subtypes in patients with locally advanced breast cancer at the Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital in Samarinda 2017.