bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Carbohydrate Food Quality Scoring System to Reflect Dietary Guidelines: An Expert Panel Report
Authors: Drewnowski Adam , Maillot Matthieu , Papanikolaou Yanni , Jones Julie Miller , Rodriguez Judith , Slavin Joanne , Angadi Siddhartha S. , Comerford Kevin B.
Published: April 2022

Existing metrics of carbohydrate food quality have been based, for the most part, on favorable fiber- and free sugar-to-carbohydrate ratios. In these metrics, higher nutritional quality carbohydrate foods are defined as those with >10% fiber and <10% free sugar per 100 g carbohydrate. Although fiber- and sugar-based metrics may help to differentiate the nutritional quality of various types of grain products, they may not aptly capture the nutritional quality of other healthy carbohydrate foods, including beans, legumes, vegetables, and fruits. Carbohydrate food quality metrics need to be applicable across these diverse food groups. This report introduces a new carbohydrate food scoring system known as a Carbohydrate Food Quality Score (CFQS), which supplements the fiber and free sugar components of previous metrics with additional dietary components of public health concern (e.g., sodium, potassium, and whole grains) as identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Two CFQS models are developed and tested in this study: one that includes four dietary components (CFQS-4: fiber, free sugars, sodium, potassium) and one that considers five dietary components (CFQS-5: fiber, free sugars, sodium, potassium, and whole grains). These models are applied to 2596 carbohydrate foods in the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) 2017–2018. Consistent with past studies, the new carbohydrate food scoring system places large percentages of beans, vegetables, and fruits among the top scoring carbohydrate foods. The whole grain component, which only applies to grain foods (N = 1561), identifies ready-to-eat cereals, oatmeal, other cooked cereals, and selected whole grain breads and crackers as higher-quality carbohydrate foods. The new carbohydrate food scoring system shows a high correlation with the Nutrient Rich Food (NRF9.3) index and the Nutri-Score. Metrics of carbohydrate food quality that incorporate whole grains, potassium, and sodium, in addition to sugar and fiber, are strategically aligned with multiple 2020–2025 dietary recommendations and may therefore help with the implementation of present and future dietary guidelines.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects Induced by a Polyphenolic Granular Complex from Olive (Olea europaea, Mainly Cultivar coratina): Results from In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies in a Model of Inflammation and MIA-Induced Osteoarthritis
Authors: Recinella Lucia , Micheli Laura , Chiavaroli Annalisa , Libero Maria Loreta , Orlando Giustino , Menghini Luigi , Acquaviva Alessandra , Di Simone Simonetta , Ferrante Claudio , Ghelardini Carla , Brunetti Luigi , Leone Sheila
Published: April 2022

MOMAST® GR25 is a polyphenolic granular complex from olive pressing juice with high total content in polyphenols. In this work, we evaluated the possible anti-inflammatory effects of MOMAST® GR25 in both acute and chronic inflammatory models. MOMAST® GR25 decreased the levels of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and 8-iso-PGF2α in isolated rat colon, liver, and heart specimens stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vivo, compared to controls, rats treated with MOMAST® GR25 (100 mg/kg to 1 g/kg) showed a significant reduction in both licking/biting time in the formalin test. In a rat model of osteoarthritis by monoiodoacetate (MIA) injection, MOMAST® GR25 showed pain-relieving properties when acutely administered, reducing mechanical hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain. Moreover, a repeated daily treatment with MOMAST® GR25 (300 mg/kg) fully counteracted osteoarticular pain without the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect. Taken together, our present findings showed that MOMAST® GR25 could represent a potential strategy for the treatment of inflammation and pain.
Food Involvement, Food Choices, and Bioactive Compounds Consumption Correlation during COVID-19 Pandemic: How Food Engagement Influences Consumers’ Food Habits
Authors: Medoro Chiara , Cianciabella Marta , Magli Massimiliano , Daniele Giulia Maria , Lippi Nico , Gatti Edoardo , Volpe Roberto , Longo Vincenzo , Nazzaro Filomena , Mattoni Silvia , Tenaglia Federica , Predieri Stefano
Published: April 2022

The containment measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic affected food-related activities, influencing dietary behavior, food habits, and dietary choices. This study aimed to compare the relationship between food involvement and dietary choices before and during the pandemic, investigating the role played by food in dietary habits. Responses given by 2773 Italian consumers to an online survey were studied through the Food Involvement Scale (FIS) and correlated to eating habits. FIS scores were then used to explain the importance given to food in circumstances related to well-being, health, and protection against COVID-19 and used to study the relationship between FIS and bioactive compound knowledge, use, and efficacy against COVID-19. The consumers more involved in food issues recognized the importance of food in circumstances related to well-being, health, and protection against COVID-19 and improved their diet during the pandemic. Moreover, consumers who gave more importance to food also revealed higher attention to the use of healthy substances, such as bioactive compounds, considering them effective against COVID-19. These results showed that food experiencing and involvement could be important elements to promote healthy dietary habits that are essential to maintain physical and mental health during emergency periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Understanding the Relationship between Food Security and Mental Health for Food-Insecure Mothers in Virginia
Authors: Liebe Rachel A. , Adams Leah M. , Hedrick Valisa E. , Serrano Elena L. , Porter Kathleen J. , Cook Natalie E. , Misyak Sarah A.
Published: April 2022

Food insecurity, which disproportionately impacts mothers, can have chronic consequences on physical and mental health. There is a relationship between food insecurity and mental health, but the relationship’s mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to understand how mental health outcomes differ by food insecurity severity and race among Virginia mothers. A cross-sectional survey employed previously validated food security status measures, physical and mental health, social support, and food coping strategies. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank-order correlations, linear regression, and chi-squared with effect sizes. Overall, respondents (n = 1029) reported worse mental health than the U.S. average (44.3 ± 10.1 and 50, respectively). There was a large effect of food security on mental health (d = 0.6), with worse mental health outcomes for mothers experiencing very low food security (VLFS) than low food security (LFS; p < 0.001). There was a small effect of race on mental health (φc = 0.02), with Black mothers having better mental health than White mothers (p < 0.001). Compared to mothers experiencing LFS, mothers experiencing VLFS had less social support (d = 0.5) and used more food coping strategies, especially financial strategies (d = −1.5; p < 0.001). This study suggests that food-insecure mothers experience stressors and lack adequate social support, which is even more distinct for mothers experiencing VLFS.
Cytokinins: Wide-Spread Signaling Hormones from Plants to Humans with High Medical Potential
Authors: Fathy Moustafa , Saad Eldin Sahar M. , Naseem Muhammad , Dandekar Thomas , Othman Eman M.
Published: April 2022

Nature is a rich source of biologically active novel compounds. Sixty years ago, the plant hormones cytokinins were first discovered. These play a major role in cell division and cell differentiation. They affect organogenesis in plant tissue cultures and contribute to many other physiological and developmental processes in plants. Consequently, the effect of cytokinins on mammalian cells has caught the attention of researchers. Many reports on the contribution and potential of cytokinins in the therapy of different human diseases and pathophysiological conditions have been published and are reviewed here. We compare cytokinin effects and pathways in plants and mammalian systems and highlight the most important biological activities. We present the strong profile of the biological actions of cytokinins and their possible therapeutic applications.
Sodium Benzoate—Harmfulness and Potential Use in Therapies for Disorders Related to the Nervous System: A Review
Authors: Walczak-Nowicka Łucja Justyna , Herbet Mariola
Published: April 2022

Currently, due to the large number of reports regarding the harmfulness of food additives, more and more consumers follow the so-called “clean label” trend, i.e., prefer and choose the least-processed food products. One of the compounds known as a preservative with a high safety profile is sodium benzoate. While some studies show that it can be used to treat conditions such as depression, pain, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, others report its harmfulness. For example, it was found to cause mutagenic effects, generate oxidative stress, disrupt hormones, and reduce fertility. Due to such disparate results, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively discuss the safety profile of sodium benzoate and its potential use in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and pain relief.
Evaluation of the Safety of a Plant-Based Infant Formula Containing Almonds and Buckwheat in a Neonatal Piglet Model
Authors: Rosa Fernanda , Yelvington Brooke , Terry Nathan , Tripp Patricia , Pittman Hoy E. , Fay Bobby L. , Ross Taylor J. , Sikes James D. , Flowers Jessica B. , Bar-Yoseph Fabiana , Yeruva Laxmi
Published: April 2022

A randomized neonatal piglet trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and the effects of a plant-based formula containing almonds and buckwheat as the main ingredients on growth and plasma parameters. From postnatal day (PND) 2 to 21, the piglets were fed a dairy-based milk formula (Similac Advance) or a plant-based formula (Else Nutrition) and all piglets were euthanized at day 21. No diarrhea was observed after PND 8 and all the piglets completed the trial. Body growth, kcal intake, the complete plasma count parameters and hematological parameters were within the reference range in both groups. Organ growth and development was similar between the two groups. Plasma glucose was higher in the dairy-based-fed piglets relative to the plant-based at 2 weeks of age. Liver function biomarkers levels were greater in the plasma of the plant-based compared to the dairy-based fed group. In addition, calcium levels were higher in the plant-based fed piglets at 1 week of age. Thus, the plant-based formula tested in this study was well tolerated by the piglets and supported similar growth compared to dairy-based milk formula. Therefore, the results support the safety of the tested plant-based infant formula during the neonatal period in comparison to the dairy-based formula fed group.
Dietary Counseling Aimed at Reducing Sugar Intake Yields the Greatest Improvement in Management of Weight and Metabolic Dysfunction in Children with Obesity
Authors: Radulescu Aurelia , Killian Mary , Kang Qiwen , Yuan Qingcong , Softic Samir
Published: April 2022

Pediatric obesity is a significant public health problem, the negative outcomes of which will challenge individual well-being and societal resources for decades to come. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary counseling on weight management and metabolic abnormalities in children with obesity. One hundred and sixty-five patients aged 2–18 years old were studied over a two and a half year period. Data collected included demographic information, anthropometric assessment, laboratory measurements, and self-reported eating behaviors. Dietary counseling was provided at each visit. The data was analyzed from the first and last visits and the subjects were retrospectively divided into responders and non-responders based on a decrease in their BMI. After receiving dietary guidance, BMI decreased in 44% of the children, and these participants were classified as responders (BMI-R; n = 72). However, BMI did not improve in 56% of the participants, and these were classified as non-responders (BMI-NR; n = 93). At the initial visit, anthropometric measurements and dietary habits were similar between the groups. At the time of the last visit, mean change in BMI was −1.47 (SD 1.31) for BMI-R and +2.40 (SD 9.79) for BMI-NR. Analysis of food intake revealed that BMI-R significantly improved their dietary habits (p = 0.002) by reducing the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (p = 0.019), processed foods (p = 0.002), sweets (p < 0.001), and unhealthy snacks (p = 0.009), as compared with BMI-NR. There was no change in the intake of second helpings, portion sizes, skipping meals, frequency of meals eaten at school, condiment use, intake of fruits and vegetables and consumption of whole grains between the groups. BMI-R also achieved an improvement in fasted glucose (p = 0.021), triglycerides (p < 0.001), and total cholesterol (p = 0.023), as compared to BMI-NR. In conclusion, children with obesity who were able to decrease their BMI implemented a significant reduction in consumption of foods with high sugar content. Focusing on reducing sugar intake may yield the biggest impact in terms of weight management and the improvement of metabolic abnormalities.
Forward Kinematic Modelling with Radial Basis Function Neural Network Tuned with a Novel Meta-Heuristic Algorithm for Robotic Manipulators
Authors: Moosavi Syed Kumayl Raza , Zafar Muhammad Hamza , Sanfilippo Filippo
Published: April 2022

The complexity of forward kinematic modelling increases with the increase in the degrees of freedom for a manipulator. To reduce the computational weight and time lag for desired output transformation, this paper proposes a forward kinematic model mapped with the help of the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) architecture tuned by a novel meta-heuristic algorithm, namely, the Cooperative Search Optimisation Algorithm (CSOA). The architecture presented is able to automatically learn the kinematic properties of the manipulator. Learning is accomplished iteratively based only on the observation of the input–output relationship. Related simulations are carried out on a 3-Degrees of Freedom (DOF) manipulator on the Robot Operating System (ROS). The dataset created from the simulation is divided 65–35 for training–testing of the proposed model. The metrics used for model validation include spread value, cost and runtime for the training dataset, and Mean Relative Error, Normal Mean Square Error, and Mean Absolute Error for the testing dataset. A comparative analysis of the CSOA-RBFNN model is performed with an artificial neural network, support vector regression model, and with with other meta-heuristic RBFNN models, i.e., PSO-RBFNN and GWO-RBFNN, that show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed technique.
CEBA: A Data Lake for Data Sharing and Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Sarramia David , Claude Alexandre , Ogereau Francis , Mezhoud Jérémy , Mailhot Gilles
Published: April 2022

This article presents a platform for environmental data named “Environmental Cloud for the Benefit of Agriculture” (CEBA). The CEBA should fill the gap of a regional institutional platform to share, search, store and visualize heterogeneous scientific data related to the environment and agricultural researches. One of the main features of this tool is its ease of use and the accessibility of all types of data. To answer the question of data description, a scientific consensus has been established around the qualification of data with at least the information “when” (time), “where” (geographical coordinates) and “what” (metadata). The development of an on-premise solution using the data lake concept to provide a cloud service for end-users with institutional authentication and for open data access has been completed. Compared to other platforms, CEBA fully supports the management of geographic coordinates at every stage of data management. A comprehensive JavaScript Objet Notation (JSON) architecture has been designed, among other things, to facilitate multi-stage data enrichment. Data from the wireless network are queried and accessed in near real-time, using a distributed JSON-based search engine.
Empirical Study on Human Movement Classification Using Insole Footwear Sensor System and Machine Learning
Authors: Anderson Wolfe , Choffin Zachary , Jeong Nathan , Callihan Michael , Jeong Seongcheol , Sazonov Edward
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a plantar pressure sensor system (P2S2) integrated in the insoles of shoes to detect thirteen commonly used human movements including walking, stooping left and right, pulling a cart backward, squatting, descending, ascending stairs, running, and falling (front, back, right, left). Six force sensitive resistors (FSR) sensors were positioned on critical pressure points on the insoles to capture the electrical signature of pressure change in the various movements. A total of 34 adult participants were tested with the P2S2. The pressure data were collected and processed using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for input to the multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms, including k-NN, neural network and Support-Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms. The ML models were trained using four-fold cross-validation. Each fold kept subject data independent from other folds. The model proved effective with an accuracy of 86%, showing a promising result in predicting human movements using the P2S2 integrated in shoes.
Traffic-Data Recovery Using Geometric-Algebra-Based Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Zang Di , Ding Yongjie , Qu Xiaoke , Miao Chenglin , Chen Xihao , Zhang Junqi , Tang Keshuang
Published: April 2022

Traffic-data recovery plays an important role in traffic prediction, congestion judgment, road network planning and other fields. Complete and accurate traffic data help to find the laws contained in the data more efficiently and effectively. However, existing methods still have problems to cope with the case when large amounts of traffic data are missed. As a generalization of vector algebra, geometric algebra has more powerful representation and processing capability for high-dimensional data. In this article, we are thus inspired to propose the geometric-algebra-based generative adversarial network to repair the missing traffic data by learning the correlation of multidimensional traffic parameters. The generator of the proposed model consists of a geometric algebra convolution module, an attention module and a deconvolution module. Global and local data mean squared errors are simultaneously applied to form the loss function of the generator. The discriminator is composed of a multichannel convolutional neural network which can continuously optimize the adversarial training process. Real traffic data from two elevated highways are used for experimental verification. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively repair missing traffic data in a robust way and has better performance when compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Accuracy and Reproducibility of Laboratory Diffuse Reflectance Measurements with Portable VNIR and MIR Spectrometers for Predictive Soil Organic Carbon Modeling
Authors: Semella Sebastian , Hutengs Christopher , Seidel Michael , Ulrich Mathias , Schneider Birgit , Ortner Malte , Thiele-Bruhn Sören , Ludwig Bernard , Vohland Michael
Published: April 2022

Soil spectroscopy in the visible-to-near infrared (VNIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) is a cost-effective method to determine the soil organic carbon content (SOC) based on predictive spectral models calibrated to analytical-determined SOC reference data. The degree to which uncertainty in reference data and spectral measurements contributes to the estimated accuracy of VNIR and MIR predictions, however, is rarely addressed and remains unclear, in particular for current handheld MIR spectrometers. We thus evaluated the reproducibility of both the spectral reflectance measurements with portable VNIR and MIR spectrometers and the analytical dry combustion SOC reference method, with the aim to assess how varying spectral inputs and reference values impact the calibration and validation of predictive VNIR and MIR models. Soil reflectance spectra and SOC were measured in triplicate, the latter by different laboratories, for a set of 75 finely ground soil samples covering a wide range of parent materials and SOC contents. Predictive partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models were evaluated in a repeated, nested cross-validation approach with systematically varied spectral inputs and reference data, respectively. We found that SOC predictions from both VNIR and MIR spectra were equally highly reproducible on average and similar to the dry combustion method, but MIR spectra were more robust to calibration sample variation. The contributions of spectral variation (ΔRMSE < 0.4 g·kg−1) and reference SOC uncertainty (ΔRMSE < 0.3 g·kg−1) to spectral modeling errors were small compared to the difference between the VNIR and MIR spectral ranges (ΔRMSE ~1.4 g·kg−1 in favor of MIR). For reference SOC, uncertainty was limited to the case of biased reference data appearing in either the calibration or validation. Given better predictive accuracy, comparable spectral reproducibility and greater robustness against calibration sample selection, the portable MIR spectrometer was considered overall superior to the VNIR instrument for SOC analysis. Our results further indicate that random errors in SOC reference values are effectively compensated for during model calibration, while biased SOC calibration data propagates errors into model predictions. Reference data uncertainty is thus more likely to negatively impact the estimated validation accuracy in soil spectroscopy studies where archived data, e.g., from soil spectral libraries, are used for model building, but it should be negligible otherwise.
Intercomparison of PurpleAir Sensor Performance over Three Years Indoors and Outdoors at a Home: Bias, Precision, and Limit of Detection Using an Improved Algorithm for Calculating PM2.5
Authors: Wallace Lance
Published: April 2022

Low-cost particle sensors are now used worldwide to monitor outdoor air quality. However, they have only been in wide use for a few years. Are they reliable? Does their performance deteriorate over time? Are the algorithms for calculating PM2.5 concentrations provided by the sensor manufacturers accurate? We investigate these questions using continuous measurements of four PurpleAir monitors (8 sensors) under normal conditions inside and outside a home for 1.5–3 years. A recently developed algorithm (called ALT-CF3) is compared to the two existing algorithms (CF1 and CF_ATM) provided by the Plantower manufacturer of the PMS 5003 sensors used in PurpleAir PA-II monitors. Results. The Plantower CF1 algorithm lost 25–50% of all indoor data due in part to the practice of assigning zero to all concentrations below a threshold. None of these data were lost using the ALT-CF3 algorithm. Approximately 92% of all data showed precision better than 20% using the ALT-CF3 algorithm, but only approximately 45–75% of data achieved that level using the Plantower CF1 algorithm. The limits of detection (LODs) using the ALT-CF3 algorithm were mostly under 1 µg/m3, compared to approximately 3–10 µg/m3 using the Plantower CF1 algorithm. The percentage of observations exceeding the LOD was 53–92% for the ALT-CF3 algorithm, but only 16–44% for the Plantower CF1 algorithm. At the low indoor PM2.5 concentrations found in many homes, the Plantower algorithms appear poorly suited.
Similarity Simulation on the Movement Characteristics of Surrounding Rock and Floor Stress Distribution for Large-Dip Coal Seam
Authors: Cao Wenxiang , Liu Honglin , Hang Yinjian , Wang Hongzhi , Li Guodong
Published: April 2022

The question of how to mine safely in close multi coal seams is the main concern for coal operators, in particular for large-dip coal seams with complex geological and mechanical conditions. This paper presents a detailed similarity simulation on the movement characteristics of the overburden and the stress distribution of underlying strata in terms of a specific coal mine in the Tielieke mining area of the Kubai coalfield via a three-dimensional photogrammetry system and a high-speed static resistance analyzer. The results show that the overburden strata are asymmetrically deformed around the coal pillar and the fracture area is perpendicular to the longwall with an “M” shape when deeper coal is mined. Moreover, the asymmetric movement of overburden results in the non-uniform distribution of stress on the floor of the coal pillar and ribs. In particular, stress is closely related to the location of the longwall, and stress of the coal pillar is much larger when it is closer to the deep side. The floor stress relief degree of the longwall in the deep zone is higher than that of its counterparts, providing a theoretical foundation for a reasonable layout and a support technique for roadways. The main contribution of this research that it can be used as a reference in maintaining the integrity of surrounding rock for large-dip coal seams with close distances.
Precision Ventilation in an Open-Plan Office: A New Application of Active Chilled Beam (ACB) with a JetCone Feature
Authors: Latif Haider , Rahnama Samira , Maccarini Alessandro , Hultmark Goran , Nielsen Peter V. , Afshari Alireza
Published: April 2022

Mixing ventilation systems effectively improves thermal comfort in open-spaces due to adequate turbulent mixing of the cold stream with ambient air. This study introduces the concept of precision ventilation for achieving local thermal comfort in a mixing ventilation system. This precision ventilation system provides asymmetrical airflows from an active chilled beam (ACB) to each of the office occupants. These ACBs provide air velocities with different magnitudes and directions. To achieve different magnitudes and directions, JetCones are used to vary the airflow in different parts of the ACB. The performance of the precision ventilation system was analyzed using full-scale laboratory experiments and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. The full-scale laboratory experiments were conducted in a 4.2 m × 3 m × 2.8 m (L × W × H) thermal isolated room with an open-plan dual desk-chair setup. The jet-cones in the ACB unit were adjusted to throw the required amount of flow to the occupants. The occupants had different metabolic rates of 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 in a warm office space. The room set point temperatures varied between 23 and 26 °C. The experimental and CFD results show that occupants facing symmetrical airflow distribution and with a constant 1.2 metabolic rate had a similar PMV index. The occupants with 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 metabolic rate were exposed to asymmetrical airflows, i.e., 30%, 58%, and 70% of the total airflow. Occupants with higher metabolic rates were kept thermally neutral, in the −0.5 to +0.5 PMV range, by increasing the air velocity and room temperature to 0.4 m/s and 25 °C, respectively.
Vaccinating to Protect Others: The Role of Self-Persuasion and Empathy among Young Adults
Authors: Drążkowski Dariusz , Trepanowski Radosław , Fointiat Valerie
Published: April 2022

Direct persuasion is usually less effective than self-persuasion. As research shows that most young adults are unafraid of COVID-19, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-persuasion targeted at protecting the health of others to encourage young adults to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and examined the link between empathy and vaccination intention. We conducted two studies: Study 1 (n = 352) compared the effectiveness of self-persuasion targeted at others’ health versus personal health and direct persuasion in encouraging COVID-19 vaccination intention; Study 2 (n = 375) investigated the applicability of self-persuasion through a poster framed as an open-ended question. The theory of planned behavior-based tools were used in both studies, and structural equation modeling was conducted. Study 1 found that self-persuasion targeted at others’ health (compared to other forms of persuasion) indirectly affects vaccination intention through utility and social norm beliefs. Higher empathy, utility, social norms, and control beliefs are associated with a greater vaccination intention. Study 2 found that the poster with self-persuasion targeted at others’ health enhanced vaccination intention compared with a direct persuasion poster. Our findings demonstrate that self-persuasion targeted at others’ health can potentially increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake among young adults.
Investigation of Gender-Differentiated Impacts of Water Poverty on Different Livelihood Groups in Peri-Urban Areas around Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Jaren Lamiya Sharmeen , Leya Rabeya Sultana , Mondal M. Shahjahan
Published: April 2022

The concept of water poverty integrates water stress, access to safe water and sanitation, socioeconomic capacity, water uses and environmental aspects. This study presents a new concept to demonstrate gender-differentiated impacts of water poverty for different livelihood groups in a peri-urban setting. The objective is to identify how gender and livelihood groups are affected by dynamic water poverty. A few peri-urban areas around Dhaka city were selected as the study area, and male and female industrial workers, small-scale male and female farmers, and economically inactive women were the target groups. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 220 respondents and using a number of participatory appraisal tools, such as focus group discussions, and semi-structured and key-informant interviews. Water poverty was assessed by its five components: resource, access, capacity, use and environment. Peri-urban water poverty is found not only to be limited to scarcity, or physical availability, of water resources, but also to encompass political, social, economic and institutional dimensions. The study found that inadequate availability and quality of water, restricted access and use, poor socioeconomic capacity and fragile environment affected every livelihood group, but these factors eventually led to extreme impoverishment for adolescent girls, and physically challenged and elderly women. Suggestions are provided as to how gender issues of water can be balanced at different levels to make water management decisions gender-sensitive.
Proximité et distance chez Georg Simmel
Authors: Watier Patrick
Published: April 2022

Nearness and distance

Dualism between nearness and distance is for G. Simmel a basic form of our life and its problematic. This article emphasizes the actuality of such a dualism for today understanding Sociology.
Travail des femmes et «vocation» : Institutrices et Infirmières en France et en Angleterre
Authors: Charles Frédéric , Kober Anémone
Published: April 2022

Frauen und männer in einem im wandel begriffenen Europa

In diesem Artikel geht es um einen Vergleich der Berufe der «Grund- schullehrerin» und der «Krankenschwester » in England. Der Vergleich wird dann auf Frankreich ausgeweitet. Die Wahl dieser beiden Berufe scheint besonders durch den hohen Prozentsatz von Frauen in diesen Bereichen (Gesundheitsund Erziehungswesen) gerechtfertigt. Der 1. Teil des Artikels behandelt die Art und Weise der Rekrutierung in diesen Berufen, sowohl in England wie in Frankreich. Darüber hinaus wird das Statut des jeweili-gen Lehrpersonals aufgezeigt.

Im 2. Teil werden die sozialen Verhältnisse der Grundschullehrer und Krankenschwestem in England dargestellt, denn sie strukturieren in gewisser Weise den Zugang zu diesen Berufen.

Im 3. Teil schlieBlich werden die französischen Grundschullehrer in den Vergleich mit einbezogen.
Du guide bleu au routard. Métamorphoses touristiques
Authors: Rauch André
Published: April 2022

Changes in tourism : from the "Guide bleu" to the "Routard"

The tourist-traveller, this nomad who seeks no place of refuge, has become an everyday figure. These last hundred years, guide-books have generated this travel culture. In museums, castles and churches, the tourist has venerated lifeless reliquaries. But the new guide-books aim at introducing the tourist to the present day world. Plain events, like eating, drinking, looking around neutralize conflicts, pacify objects and reduce oppositions. The cheaper a foreign country is, the more open it becomes to everyone's pocket. Poverty, a tourist consumable, makes it even more attractive.
«Hermès» ou la figure du tiers
Authors: Herreros Gilles
Published: April 2022

Der Dritte nach Art des Hermes

Hermes, Gott der Reisenden, Herrscher über die Angeln, in denen die Türen hängen, die man öffnet und schließt, ist ambivalent ! Als lustiger Bursche, der je nach Lust und Laune manipuliert, gehört er zu jenen Wesen der griechischen Mythologie, die verwirren. Sollte sich der Soziologe, der einen Anspruch erhebt auf Intervention, indem er übersetzt und vermittelt, die Orte aufsucht, wo die “Übergabe” stattfindet, kurz gesagt, auf seine Weise betreibt, was der Sohn des Zeus und der Maïa symbolisiert, sollte er sich einem solchen Dritten identifizieren ?

In dem Text wird vorgeschlagen, den Dritten nur als “Art Hermes” zu sehen, und es ware deshalb angebracht, die epistemologischen und theoretischen Schlußfolgerungen daraus zu ziehen.
Plaisirs du goût et regards détournés. Ethnographie des grignotages enfantins dans les quartiers de Rome
Authors: Diasio Nicoletta
Published: April 2022

Die Freude am Geschmack und die abgewandten Blicke :

Ethnographie der Kindernaschereien in einem Viertel in Rom.

Mahlzeiten ohne Maß, ohne Regeln, ohne feste Zeiten befinden sich außerhalb der Norm. Aber genau deswegen bilden sie eine interne Sprache im Familiensystem, die zurückschließen lässt auf die Beziehung zwischen den Generationen und auf eine Anpassung an die Veränderungen. Eine Ethnographie der Essgewohnheiten einer beschränkten Anzahl von Familien zeigt ein System, das eine doppelte Einschränkung erfährt. Für die Eltern gefährdet das Naschen der Kinder ihre Autorität, da der Mund der Ort des Genießens und der Gefahren im Hinblick auf die äußere Welt ist, die sich ändert und zu einer Bedrohung wird. Für die Kinder stellen die informellen Mahlzeiten den bevorzugten Ort von Eroberungen und der Realisierung ihrer Autonomie dar durch das Erfahren des Genusses von Geschmack und körperlicher Freiheit, von Sozialisierung mit ihresgleichen. Der abgewandte Blick ist somit eine Art, sich mit der Unsicherheit abzufinden.
La relation usager / service public : D’un modèle à l’autre ou vers la confusion des sphères d’action privée et publique
Authors: Waechter-Larrondo Virginie
Published: April 2022

Zahlreiche sozialwissenschaftliche Arbeiten haben gezeigt, daß der Staat seit ca. 20 Jahren vom Status des "Auftraggebers" zum Status des "Animateurs" übergeht. Dieser Übergang wird von auftauchenden neuen Koordinationsformen zwischen dem öffentlichen Dienst und dessen soziale Umgebung begleitet. Der Aufsatz soll den Übergang von einem Regulierungsmodell das auf eine Ausweichhaltung basierenden Schnittstelle zwischen Verbraucher und öffentlichem Dienst beruht, zu einem Modell, das eine Personalisierung der Beziehung unter-streicht, deutlich machen. Ferner hebt der Beitrag die mit dieser Entwicklung verbundene Grenzvermischung zwischen öffentlicher und privater Handlungssphäre hervor.
Confiance et sociabilité
Authors: Watier Patrick
Published: April 2022

Zuversicht und Gesellschaftlichkeit.

Die Zuversicht ist eine Kategorie, die insbesondere seit G. Simmel und M. Weber die Phantasie der Soziologen sti-muliert. Die Erforschung psychosozialer Gefuhle wie Zuversicht ist vemachlässigt worden, wurde sogar zweifach verurteilt : fur die „harten“ Soziologen gehört diese Kategorie der Psychologie und fur die Struktursoziologen dem Mikrokosmos des einzelnen an, ist also sekundär. Demnach ist eine Klarstellung der Dimensionen geffagt, in denen dieser Begriff verwendet wird.

Das Prinzip der Zuversicht scheint sich in einer Achse zu bewegen, deren Grenzpunkte die vemünftige Berechnung und die Emotion, die strategische Voraussicht und die blinde Verschmelzung bilden. Wenn die traditionelle Soziologie es mit der Unterscheidung unter Umständen nicht so genau genommen hat, hat sie doch den Verdienst, eine Denkrichtung zu vermeiden, die die radikalen Theoretiker des rational choice nicht scheuen. Diese verwerfen die Zuversicht als ein Prinzip ohne Bedeutung, nicht nur fur die Wirtschaft, sondern auch für die meisten sozialen Beziehungen.

Das Paradox dieser theoretischen Haltung zeigt sich in der Praxis : daß es falsch ist, wie es einige Wirtschaftstheoretiker tun, einerseits das Wissen der Individuen zu psychosozialen Elementen, die teilweise die Voraussetzung für die Entstehung sozialer Beziehungen sind, in Klammem setzen zu wollen und, andererseits von der Hypothese der in der Wirtschaft allgegenwärtigen berechneten Beziehungen auszugehen und diese auf die soziale Ebene ausdehnen zu wollen.

Die Zuversicht, wenn mit ihr auch immer eine gewisse Art der Naivität und der Leichtigkeit einher geht, die zu Enttauschungen und Verdruß fuhrt, wenn die Zuversicht unbegründet war, scheint sie jedoch, im Gegensatz zu Ungeniertheit oder Mißtrauen, für den geselligen Umgang im Sinne von Simmel unerläßlich zu sein.
La mort au coin de la rue. Lis et signes autour de l’effigie de jeunes accidentés de la route à Rome
Authors: Diasio Nicoletta
Published: April 2022

Death at the street corner. Customs and symbols surrounding the effigy of young road accident victims in Rome

In Rome at the dawn of the 21st century, in a continuum of the tradition originated with the Lares compitalia of Ancient times via the madonelle of the Renaissance period, shrines underline these «critical sites» in the eternal city and continue to be found dotted around this unique space made up of emptiness and islands of population. As monuments to the memory of young road accident victims, they are the subject of a cult which is both ancient and ultra-modern, governed by strict rules drawn up with immense creativity. As meeting places between peers, for a collective family memory or a district gathering, these memorials are both a meta-historical staging for these «everyday» contemporary heroes and a very concrete means of bringing death into everyday life through writings, gesture and artefacts.
Jeunes noctambules à Strasbourg. Trajectoires et carrefours
Authors: Kasmi Saïda
Published: April 2022

L'article observe la transhumance de quelques jeunes noctambules à travers la nuit strasbourgeoise. Alors que ce moment d'obscurité entre coucher et lever du soleil est souvent présenté comme le temps privilégié de la rencontre fusionnelle avec l'autre, les différences dans la construction des trajets montrent que chacun a sa conception de la fête, et qu'il y a en fait autant de nuits que de subjectivités pour les habiter. La rencontre avec l'autre et le groupe se produit dans des lieux convenus qui sont des étapes sur des trajets qui n'appartiennent qu'à chacun mais dont les solitudes peuvent être ignorées parce ces lieux nocturnes sont aussi des carrefours où plusieurs de ces trajets font étape et donc s'entrecroisent. Bars et boites de nuit n'existent pas tant du fait des murs et des prestations qu'ils proposent, que d'être des nœuds spatiaux dans le réseau des temporalités individuelles. Ils n'ont de consistance que par la nuit qui les fonde, en tant que portes d'entrée dans celle-ci, et expliquent à contrario que celle-ci, qui est un temps, puisse aussi, davantage que le jour, être saisie comme un espace : puisqu'il y a des êtres qui l'habitent, c'est qu'elle est un contenant.
Ce qu’écrire veut dire. Victor Klemperer et la fondation de la linguistique politique
Authors: Sarfati Georges-Elia
Published: April 2022

Georges-Elia Sarfati

Ce qu’écrire veut dire. Victor Klemperer et la fondation de la linguistique politique

Cette contribution a pour objet de souligner l’importance de l’oeuvre de V. Klemperer pour la constitution d’une théorie critique de la société qui s’est entièrement fondée sur l’analyse des représentations de discours. L’étude envisage trois grandes orientations de recherche. Le contexte de l’oeuvre est d’abord éclairé à partir de son inscription dans la tradition philologique issue de l’école idéaliste allemande représentée par K. Vossler. L’innovation de Klemperer consiste à appliquer à un objet historique (la langue du troisième Reich) les méthodes d’analyse héritées de la linguistique comparative. L’auteur identifie tout à la fois les invariants d’un discours de domination et de contrôle de la société, en même temps qu’il forge les outils et critères de sa déconstruction. La véritable découverte de Klemperer est enfin évaluée dans l’optique de ses apports scientifiques mais également politiques et éthiques. Il s’agit d’en apprécier l’originalité par rapport à une définition neuve du phénomène totalitaire
Éthique et santé au travail : esquisse d’une remise en perspective ontologique
Authors: Barkat Sidi Mohammed , Hamraoui Éric
Published: April 2022

Ethik und Gesundheit am Arbeitsplatz: Skizzierung einer neuen ontologischen Perspektive.

Verschiedene potentielle philosophische Fragen, aufgeworfen durch die klinische Arbeit an der Arbeit, wecken das Interesse der Autoren dieses Artikels: zunächst die der Beziehungen zwischen Ethik und Gesundheit im Hinblick auf eine moralische und ethische Neuformulierung im Umgang mit der Gefahr, wobei die individuelle Verantwortung in den neuen Organisationsformen von Arbeit und Gesellschaft hervorgehoben wird. Eine zweite Frage, die sich aus der ersten ableiten lässt, betrifft die anthropologischen Auswirkungen auf ein neues Tugendverständnis, das im Rahmen der neuen Beziehung zur Arbeit am Beispiel Mut aufgezeigt wird. Wurde mit Mut herkömmlich Seelenkraft, Großzügigkeit und Feinfühligkeit verbunden, wird darunter jetzt Härte und Missachtung von Angst verstanden. Dieser paradoxale Mut ist zur „Schlüsselkompetenz“ des Subjektes geworden, wobei dessen Bewertungsprotokolle diese Fiktion hervorgerufen haben. Auf der Suche nach einer absoluten Wertschätzung des Selbst ist dieses imaginäre Subjekt ständig dem Risiko der Selbstmissachtung ausgesetzt, wegen der Unerreichbarkeit der durch die Bewertungsverfahren gesetzten Ziele, die das wahre Wesen der Arbeit verkennen. Auf der Grundlage dieser Feststellungen erweitern die Autoren ihre Fragestellung auf eine Analyse zur Eigentümlichkeit unserer heutigen Zeit: die eines fälschlicherweise als Leben angesehenen Daseins, das sich als Unruhe und Tod manifestiert, welche sich in Form neuer Kunstgriffe der Obrigkeit als Leben vorgeben.
Enjeux et débats autour des nouvelles applications de la génétique à la médecine
Authors: Steudler François
Published: April 2022

En liaison avec les travaux que nous menons depuis plusieurs années sur le développement de la génomique et sur les réalisations médicales, souvent spectaculaires, qu’elle a rendu possibles, et qui nous ont conduit à mettre tout particulièrement l’accent sur les problèmes éthiques qui surgissent à cause de l’utilisation de techniques qui bouleversent les pratiques, nous nous proposons de traiter ici, d’une manière synthétique, des enjeux et débats autour des nouvelles applications de la génétique à la médecine. En reprenant le cadre d’analyse que nous avons développé sur ces questions, nous montrerons d’abord que tendent à se dégager trois enjeux principaux (technique, social, économique) se traduisant en logiques spécifiques, ayant leur dynamique propre ; nous essayerons en particulier de mettre en évidence les grandes tendances de l’évolution, à savoir le passage d’un modèle ayant un certain type de dominance à un autre qui se prolonge aujourd’hui. Ensuite nous essayerons de voir dans quelle mesure ces logiques se heurtent à des limites et à des contradictions, du fait des problèmes soulevés, et comment l’utilisation de ces technologies biomédicales est l’objet de débats, difficiles, il est vrai, en raison de la complexité des sujets et des divergences de positions entre les acteurs concernés.
«Pour quelques gouttes de sang». Conflits de normes et déontologie médicale face à la circoncision et à l’hyménorraphie
Authors: Tersigni Simona
Published: April 2022

En ayant recours à la circoncision masculine médicalisée et à la reconstitution de l’hymen (hyménorraphie), des sujets et des groupes minorisés au sein des relations interethniques en font une ressource d’action. Le recours aux structures de soins s’inscrit dans une tentative de légitimation des normes et d’une construction d’acceptabilité pour des actes qui ne sont pas à l’abri d’accusations de barbarie. Cet article vise à présenter ces modalités genrées d’inscription de la différence culturelle dans le corps et les problèmes déontologiques qu’elles posent au personnel médical et para-médical en France. Il a comme objet l’analyse des discours, des modalités et des enjeux autour desquels certains médecins acceptent de pratiquer des interventions chirurgicales a priori interdites par la loi (la circoncision masculine non justifiée par la phimosis ainsi que l’hyménorraphie).
Les étapes d’une prise de décision : du désir de procréation à la décision d’adopter
Authors: Nizard Sophie
Published: April 2022

Phases in decision-making – from the desire to procreate to the decision to adopt

This article shows that Medically Assisted Procreation (MAP) and adoption are two separate phases and not alternatives in the parenthood process. When MAP fails, it is only then that applicants turn to adoption. The exception lies with single women and homosexual couples, who prefer from the outset to turn to adoption rather than a one-off genitor or artificial insemination with donor. However, decision-making in adoption occurs more or less rapidly according to the biography of the applicants.
Grand-parentalité en contexte homoparental
Authors: Gross Martine
Published: April 2022

Pour un nombre croissant de personnes, l’homosexualité n’est plus incompatible avec le fait d’être parent. Mais qu’en est-il des (futurs) grands-parents dans ces projets parentaux ? Comment ont-ils réagi à l’annonce de l’homosexualité de leur enfant ? Lorsque ces femmes et ces hommes annoncent leur homosexualité à leurs parents, ces derniers imaginent nécessaire de faire le deuil d’éventuels petits-enfants. Cette croyance d’une finitude de la lignée, ou au moins de l’une de ses branches, est mise à mal lorsqu’un enfant homosexuel annonce qu’il désire être parent ou qu’il va le devenir. Lorsqu’ils se retrouvent dans cette situation inattendue, les parents de lesbiennes et de gais sont donc amenés à reconsidérer le destin de leur enfant. Bien que tous les parents soient amenés à réviser les relations avec leur enfant lorsqu’il devient parent à son tour, cet événement prend un caractère particulier lorsque l’enfant en question a affirmé une orientation homosexuelle. Entre réprobation et joie, comment les grands parents accueillent-ils les projets parentaux de leurs enfants homosexuels ? Leur réaction s’exprime-t-elle de manière identique pour un fils ou une fille homosexuel/ le ? L’article se penche sur la manière dont l’arrivée d’un enfant affecte l’acceptation de la conjugalité de leur propre enfant par les grands-parents. Comment ces grands-parents vont-ils accueillir ce nouveau venu ? Lorsque l’homosexualité de leur enfant est connue de leur réseau relationnel (famille élargie, amis, collègues de travail, voisins, etc.) comment vont-ils affilier ce petit-fils ou cette petitefille, comment parlent-ils de lui/ d’elle ? Lorsque l’homoparentalité se concrétise au sein d’un couple d’hommes ou d’un couple de femmes, comment le compagnon ou la compagne est-il/ elle perçu/ e ? Enfin l’absence de lien légal avec un petit-enfant empêche-t-elle d’entrer en grand-parentalité ? Peut-on se faire appeler papi ou mamie lorsqu’on n’est pas un grand-parent biologique ? Toutes ces questions sont explorées en s’appuyant sur deux enquêtes par questionnaire et des entretiens menés avec des grands-parents et des parents.