bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zur phänomenologischen Orientierung in der Psychologie
Authors: Métraux Alexandre , Wendt Alexander Nicolai
Published: June 2022

Welche Bedeutung hat phänomenologisches Denken in der Psychologie? Diese Frage lässt sich nicht ohne den Blick sowohl in die komplexe Geschichte der Psychologie als Disziplin als auch der phänomenologischen Bewegung beantworten. Das Gespräch versucht eine angemessene Perspektive zu finden, wobei die Hintergründe der sogenannten phänomenologischen Orientierung in der Psychologie zur Sprache kommen. Von der Geistesgeschichte geht das Gespräch zur grundsätzlicheren systematischen Frage über, welchen Beitrag die Phänomenologie leisten kann. Während die Beschreibung der Erfahrungswelt als ihre Stärke betont wird, bleibt sie ihrerseits ergänzungsbedürftig, denn Phänomenanalysen allein können den Gegenstandsbereich der Psychologie nicht vollständig erschließen. Das Gespräch endet mit dem Blick auf mögliche Ergänzungen der psychologischen Forschung. Die Ansätze der Phänomenologie, beispielsweise von Shaun Gallagher, erweisen sich als nicht unproblematisch. Als Alternative wird die Psychologik Jan Smedslunds angeführt, die die psychologische Theoriebildung auf ihre Redundanz mit lebensweltlichen Gewissheiten überprüft.
»Dann stellten wir aber fest: Da sind diese Lebensgeschichten«
Authors: Schütze Fritz , Ruppel Paul S. , Chakkarath Pradeep
Published: June 2022

In diesem Interview mit Fritz Schütze liegt der Fokus auf seiner Arbeit in der qualitativen Forschung und der Entwicklung des autobiografisch-narrativen Interviews. Er beschreibt den Weg hin zur Analyse der Strukturen einer Lebensgeschichte und wie dieser Ansatz in der Soziologie aufgenommen wurde. Dabei schildert er, wie es ist, sich als Außenseiter in der eigenen Disziplin zu fühlen. Schütze erläutert, für wen das autobiografisch-narrative Interview geeignet ist, was es braucht, damit eine Lebensgeschichte erzählt werden kann und mit wem die Durchführung eines narrativen Interviews weniger Erfolg verspricht. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt des Gesprächs ist die Elaboration der Nähe seiner Arbeit zur Psychologie. Worin er Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede sieht, erklärt Schütze insbesondere auch im Hinblick auf die Psychoanalyse. Abschließend nennt er zukünftige Forschungsfelder, die er für das autobiografisch-narrative Interview als besonders relevant ansieht, und betont die soziopolitische Bedeutung autobiografischen Erzählens.
Revisiting the Existence of Mills in the Village of Komarivka, Flooded by the Waters of Kaniv Reservoir
Authors: Reveha Nataliia
Published: June 2022

The article provides information about the existence of different types of mills in the village of Komarivka (evicted in 1972 in connection with the construction of Kaniv Reservoir), reveals information about the mills in the 18th and 20th centuries. The purpose of this study is to identify information about the existence of mills in the village. This article is the first attempt to collect and systematize information about the owners of mills in Komarivka village and their structure.Particular attention of the study is paid to the location of mills within the village. The sizes of the given constructions are specified; the origin of toponymic names of the village from the owners of mills is identified. To achieve this goal, the author has determined the following tasks: to search for a source database on the topic, to systematize the information obtained about the mills in the village of Komarivka. The method of search, description, and generalization was used during the research.The article provides not only information about the mills but also known families who owned these objects, and their inheritance. In particular, such well-known figures as the Maksymovych family are mentioned.Also, the article investigates a number of topographic maps on which mills are marked. The study of these maps made it possible to analyze the chronological boundaries of the existence of mills in the village.The study of the topic provided the analysis of the following: Acts of the Pereiaslav Regiment of the 17th–18th centuries from the Motyzhyn Archives “Little Russian Genealogy”; description of the Left Bank of Ukraine for 1765–1769; "Essays on Pereiaslav Antiquity: Research, Documents, and Notes" of the historian, public and political figure of Poltava region A. Storozhenko (1857–1926); acts of the evaluation commission at the executive committee of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi district council of deputies for the collective farm “Komunar” of the village of Komarivka for 1967–1970, and other sources.
The Problem of Sunni-Shiite Confrontation in Turkey’s Foreign Policy of the Early 21st Century
Authors: Khodzhin Maksym
Published: June 2022

The article reveals the basic principles of Turkey's foreign policy in the field of Sunni-Shiite confrontation in the Middle East at the beginning of the 21st century. In particular, the author of the article notes the recent trend of transforming the Shiite-Sunni conflict from a purely regional problem of Islamic countries into an object of world geopolitics. In such circumstances, an important place in the current religious confrontation is given to Turkey, which occupies a special place in the modern system of international relations. Implementing its neo-Ottoman doctrine in the region, the Turkish leadership considers Islam to be a key factor in uniting the Middle East, so it sees the future of the region in the creation of a world Islamic state (“ummah”). In order to implement this idea, Turkey sees the current Sunni-Shiite confrontation as a remnant. Therefore, it is considered acceptable to establish friendly relations with both the Sunni states in the region and with Shiite Iran. However, as political practice has shown, the Arab countries are not yet ready to recognize Turkey as the only center of gravity, a regional leader, due to strong religious positioning in the region of Saudi Arabia and Iran. All attempts by Turkey to resolve the Sunni-Shiite conflict, based on the doctrine of neo-Ottomanism, have so far failed.
All-Ukrainian Research and Practical Conference "30th Anniversary of the Institute of Ukrainian Studies: The Past, the Present, the Future"
Authors: Fihurnyi Yurii , Shakurova Olha
Published: June 2022

All-Ukrainian Research and Practical Conference "30th Anniversary of the Institute of Ukrainian Studies: The Past, the Present, the Future"
THE ROLE OF TOURISM INDUSTRY GROWTH IN ATTAINING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN A MODERN GLOBALIZED WORLD
Authors: Verhun Antonina , Bondarchuk Julia
Published: June 2022

This article seeks to explore the effects of socioeconomic growth in the tourism industry to attain sustainable development goals in the contemporary globalized environment. A study on tourism as one of the fastest growing industries has revealed that modern tourism, an important area in foreign economic activity of many countries and a highly profitable sector, is a complex intersectoral phenomenon that contributes to tackling a number of critical economic and social issues. It is argued that tourism development promotes further integration and spurs international specialization. However, it is noted that rapid tourism growth might generate negative effects for the environment: soil and ocean pollution, climate change, inefficient use of energy sources, destruction of natural monuments, biodiversity loss, etc. In the context of this study, tourism is viewed as a promising management tool able to consolidate resources to meet economic, social and aesthetic needs along with preserving cultural identity, basic environmental processes, biodiversity and life support systems. Thus, the findings provide a rationale to assert that tourism boosting strategies should rely on sustainable development. It is emphasized that sustainable tourism development concept, in full compliance with the principles of harmonious development, is difficult to implement, however it is an ideal, a landmark that should be pursued. Despite the fact that over 4.2 million tourists visited Ukraine in 2021, the current tourism potential is yet to be further unlocked (the share of tourism industry in Ukraine's GDP makes only 1.5–2.5%). Among the key barriers to enhancing the tourism sector growth in Ukraine are the global COVID-19 pandemic as well as a range of managerial, economic, social, environmental and cultural factors. The study presents an overview on the recommendations of the Global Tourism Crisis Committee plan to restore the global tourism industry with a particular focus to attain sustainable development goals and the use of opportunities for transition to a circular economy.
ОЦІНКА ТА АНАЛІЗ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПОДАТКОВОГО СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Корнієцький Олександр Владиславович
Published: June 2022

У цій статті розглядаються питання податкового стимулювання в аграрній сфері як одного з механізмів економічного розвитку та створення якісного ефекту від використання податкової допомоги сільськогосподарському комплексу, що виражається в податковій підтримці, а також відношенням податкової підтримки до ВВП, доданої вартості, обсягу продукції сільського господарства та прибутку. У межах цього дослідження основним та головним ефективним призначенням податкового стимулювання вбачається спонукання до ділової активності бізнесових структур, що має розширити їх діяльність, акумулювати грошові кошти в бюджети через сплату податкових платежів. Зазначається, що незамінною складовою під час формування та використання ефективної системи податкового стимулювання як виробничих, так і агропромислових процесів комплексу, є здійснення реалізації потрібних зобов'язань щодо якісного забезпечення пріоритетного розвитку сільськогосподарських підприємств. У дослідженні представлено низку методів аналізу для ефективного стратегічного податкового стимулювання, а також з’ясування рівня впливу економічних та фінансових чинників на визначення показників зі сплати встановлених податків і зборів. Крім того, наведено узагальнення щодо використання показника ефективності податкової системи для здійснення реалізації зобов'язань із забезпечення пріоритетного розвитку сільськогосподарських підприємств. Запропоновано концепцію організації порядку процесу податкового стимулювання аграрної сфери в національній економіці. Визначено та представлено основні функції ефективного податкового стимулювання. Запропоновано ключові критерії формування та реалізації системи ефективного податкового стимулювання виробничих процесів сільськогосподарського комплексу щодо забезпечення пріоритетного розвитку цього сектору національної економіки. Також у дослідженні розглянуто основні етапи розроблення ефективної податкової політики аграрного комплексу.
“ПАЛЕОНТОЛОГІЧНОМУ ЗБІРНИКУ”- 60 РОКІВ!
Authors: Гоцанюк Галина , Іваніна Антоніна , Тузяк Ярина , Шайнога Ігор
Published: June 2022

“Paleontological Collection” святкує 60-літній ювілей. Він заснований 1961 року Львівським геологічним товариством Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка за ініціативою академіка О. Вялова. Цей збірник - єдине фахове видання в Україні в царині палеонтології та біостратиграфії, де публікують праці з актуальних проблем палеонтології, тафономії, палеоекології, біостратиграфії верхнього докембрію, палеозою, мезозою, кайнозою України; наукову хроніку; результати палеонтологічних досліджень різних груп давніх організмів; праці з актуальних проблем регіональної стратиграфії. Станом на 2021 рік вийшло друком 52 номери “Палеонтологічного збірника” і 58 його випусків, що містять понад 1 150 статей на різноманітні палеонтологічні та стратиграфічні теми.
Testing of some cosmetic and hygiene products of the CHOICE campany in patients with chronic dermatoses using skin application tests
Authors: Fedorych P.V. , Ostapenko S.P. , Kovalevska N.E. , Zakharchuk E.A. , Demchenko O.V. , Novakovska O.P.
Published: June 2022

Objective — using skin application samples to test for allergenicity of some cosmetic and hygienic environmentally friendly products of the CHOICE campany in patients with chronic recurrent dermatosis — eczema, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.

Materials and methods. With the help of skin application tests, some cosmetic and hygiene products of the CHOICE (Ukraine) company were tested in 36 patients with the most common chronic recurrent dermatosis — eczema, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. The test products were applied to dry skin, free from rashes and topical medications, under a medical patch. Samples were counted on the 2nd, as well as on the 4th—5th and 7th—8th days after application.

Results and discussion. No skin reactions were recorded in patients with psoriasis who participated in the study. The phenomena of contact dermatitis were observed in contact with only one type of tested product, namely, «Gentle Phytomousse» of the «Seaweed» line for washing all skin types. This type of product was allergenic for 1 out of 6 patients with true eczema and 4 out of 9 patients with atopic dermatitis. Other types of products did not cause any phenomena of contact dermatitis at all in the observed patients.

Conclusions. Four of the five CHOICE (Ukraine) products tested by skin application trials, namely: ECO liquid soap, Green max.; egg shampoo for dry and damaged hair line Intensive Moisturizer, White mandarin; Soft and velvety skin hand and body milk, White mandarin; Soft and velvety skin shower gel, White mandarin can be used in patients with eczema, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis without prior allergy testing. Gentle Phytomousse for washing all skin types of the Seaweed line can cause contact dermatitis in patients with true eczema and atopic dermatitis.
Photoprotection: new concepts, controversies and trends in 2022
Authors: Diehl C.
Published: June 2022

Photoprotection appeared, on technical if not scientific bases, in the 1930’s.It was created for permitting tanning without burn. This concept lasted until the 1980’s and then evaoluted, due to both scientific advances permitting to reach higher SPF’s, but also more and more concern of the population about the nocious effects of sun exposure on the occurrence of skin cancers. At that time, it was demonstrated that sun radiation was not only able to favour the development of carcinomas and melanomas, but also to speed up the visible signs of skin aging. This made that nowadays, photoprotection turns to be a responsible act and a daily routine. This paper intends to update the current knowledge about photoprotection. We lastly discovered that not only UVA/UVB but also visible light and infrared radiation, i. e. the complete sun spectrum, is negatively impacting the skin, hence the necessity of creating a full spectrum photoprotection. Dark cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers formation following sun exposure is becoming an urgent concern, and photolyases are probably a solution to reduce the formation of these compounds and repair the damages they are susceptible to cause in the skin. Other concerns are also the levels of vitamin D in the organism, which could be impacted by the regular use of high SPF photoprotection, the frequent use of mineral nanoparticles as sunscreens, the possible impact of certain sunscreens on the human health and also the potential environmental damage they may cause. Finally, an evolution of sunscreens toward more elegant, pleasant and easy to use formulations is certainly the guarantee of a better compliance of the patients with photoprotection.
EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE SCALES ACCORDING TO DISEASE ACTIVITY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: DOĞAN İsmail , GÖK Kevser , APAYDIN Hakan , ARMAĞAN Berkan
Published: June 2022

Objective: In addition to disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients; variables such as pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and sleep quality are also associated with quality of life. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between disease activity and quality of life scales in rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 92 consecutive rheumatoid arthritis patients who applied to Ankara City Hospital Rheumatology outpatient clinic in January-December 2020 were included. Demographic, clinical features and laboratory data were recorded. DAS28 for disease activity and pain-visual analogue score(VAS) and fatigue-VAS, hospital anxiety-depression(HAD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) forms for quality of life assessment were filled by one-on-one interviews. Patients were grouped according to disease activity such as: “Low-DAS28 group” and “High-DAS28 group”.

Results: In comparison with DAS28, pain-VAS, and fatigue-VAS, and some NHP scores (such as the total score and pain, physical activity, and fatigue subgroup scores) were statistically significantly higher in the High-DAS28 group than the Low-DAS28 group. However, no difference was found in HAD scores. Except the sleep disorder subgroup was higher in the High-DAS28 group, total and other subgroups scores of the PSQI were similar.

Conclusion: Improving the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is one of the main objectives of treatment. A high disease activity seems to be more affecting the patients in terms of pain-VAS, fatigue-VAS, NHP total scores and NHP-pain, NHP physical activity subgroups than other the quality of life scales in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
An Epistemology for Democratic Citizen Science
Authors: Jaeger Johannes , Masselot Camille , Greshake Tzovaras Bastian , Senabre Hidalgo Enric , Haklay Muki , Santolini Marc
Published: June 2022

Humanity is currently confronted with a series of profound existential crises. Beneath it all lies a crisis of meaning, of being able to make sense of the world. If we are to overcome this situation, we need robust scientific knowledge of the world and our place within it. However, science is facing a number of serious challenges to meet these needs of society. One reason for this is that science often fails to fulfil the unrealistic expectations it has set itself to meet. Such expectations are generated by an outdated view of knowledge production, which persists among many members of the public and scientists alike. This has led to an ultra-competitive system of academic research, which sacrifices long-term productivity through an excessive obsession with short-term efficiency. Efforts to diversify this system come from a movement called democratic citizen science. Here, we argue that this kind of citizen science can serve as a model for scientific inquiry in general. It requires an alternative theory of knowledge with a focus on the role that diversity plays in the process of discovery. Here, we present such an epistemology, which is based on three central philosophical pillars: perspectival realism, a naturalistic process-based epistemology, and deliberative social practices. Together, these three pillars broaden our focus from immediate research outcomes towards the cognitive and social processes which shape research strategies that facilitate sustainable long-term productivity and scientific innovation. They provide a general paradigm and template for scientific inquiry in the 21st century, which marks a shift from an industrial to an ecological vision of how scientific research should be done, and how it should be assessed. At its core are research communities that are diverse, representative, and democratic. This leads to a new, processual, paradigm of scientific project management, monitoring, and assessment, which is outlined in the last section of our paper.
Subjective memory measures: metamemory questionnaires currently in use
Authors: Gopi Yashoda , Madan Christopher R
Published: June 2022

Subjective memory evaluation is important for assessing memory abilities and complaints alongside objective measures. In research and clinical settings, questionnaires are used to examine perceived memory ability, memory complaints, and memory beliefs/knowledge. Although they provide a structured measure of self-reported memory, there is some debate as to whether subjective evaluation accurately reflects memory abilities. Specifically, the disconnect between subjective and objective memory measures remains a longstanding issue within the field. Thus, it is essential to evaluate the benefits and limitations of questionnaires that are currently in use. This review encompasses three categories of metamemory questionnaires: self-efficacy, complaints, and multidimensional questionnaires. Factors influencing self-evaluation of memory including knowledge and beliefs about memory, ability to evaluate memory, recent metamemory experiences, and affect are examined. The relationship between subjective and objective memory measures is explored and considerations for future development and use of metamemory questionnaires are provided.
Discrimination of average orientation by ideal observer
Authors: Poder Endel
Published: June 2022

In a recent article, Allik et al (2022) reported that discrimination of the mean orientation of an ensemble of Gabor patterns can be based on generalized (or power) mean rather than simple arithmetic average. However, they did not propose any explanation of this observation. I argue that the manipulation of the proportion of informative elements (PIE) in their study can explain the observed using of power mean. When all the elements are informative, arithmetic average is an optimal decision variable. When few out of many elements are informative, averaging is not the best rule anymore. My simulations of an ideal observer for different values of PIE qualitatively predict the results from Allik et al (2022). I also show that the relatively complex ideal rules can be well approximated by more simple power mean. This analysis explains the main findings reported by Allik et al (2022) as well as usually observed arithmetic averaging when all the elements of an ensemble are equally informative.
Probable COVID-19 infection is associated with subsequent poorer mental health and greater loneliness in the UK COVID-19 Mental Health & Wellbeing study
Authors: Wilding Sarah , O'Connor Daryl Brian , Ferguson Eamonn , Cleare Seonaid , Wetherall Karen , O'Carroll Ronan , Robb Kathryn A , Connor Rory O'
Published: June 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with psychological distress. In addition to physical effects including fatigue and cognitive impairment, contracting COVID-19 itself may also be related to subsequent negative mental health outcomes. The present study reports data from a longitudinal, national survey of the UK adult population investigating whether contracting suspected or confirmed COVID-19 at the early stages of the pandemic (March-May 2020) was associated with poorer mental health outcomes in May/June 2020, October/November 2020 and June/July 2021.Method: A quota survey design and a sampling frame that permitted recruitment of a national sample (n=3077) were utilised. Experience of contracting COVID-19 during the first UK lockdown was assessed along with levels of depression, anxiety, mental wellbeing and loneliness. Results: Around 9% of participants reported contracting COVID-19 in March/May 2020 (waves 1-3) with just under 13% of the overall sample reporting COVID-19 at any one of the first three time points. Compared to those without probable COVID-19 infection, participants with probable COVID-19 had poorer mental health outcomes at follow-up with these effects lasting up to 13 months (e.g., May/June 2020:ORdepression = 1.70, p <0.001; ORanxiety = 1.61, p =0.002; Oct/Nov 2020, ORdepression = 1.82, p <0.001; ORanxiety 1.56, p =0.013; June/July 2021, ORdepression = 2.01, p <0.001; ORanxiety = 1.67, p =0.008). Having a pre-existing mental health condition was also associated with greater odds of having probable COVID-19 during the study (OR = 1.31, p = 0.016). Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that contracting probable COVID-19 at the early stage of the pandemic was related to long-lasting associations with mental health and the relationship between mental health status and probable COVID-19 is bidirectional.
Caregiver monitoring, but not caregiver warmth, is associated with general cognition in two large sub-samples of youth from the ABCD study
Authors: Keller Arielle S. , Mackey Allyson , Pines Adam , Fair Damien , Feczko Eric , Scopel Hoffmann Mauricio , Salum Giovanni , Barzilay Ran , Satterthwaite Theodore D.
Published: June 2022

Individual differences in cognitive abilities emerge early during development, and children with poorer cognition are at increased risk for adverse outcomes as they enter adolescence. Caregiving plays an important role in supporting cognitive development, yet it remains unclear how specific types of caregiving behaviors may shape cognition, highlighting the need for large-scale studies. In the present study, we characterized replicable yet specific associations between caregiving behaviors and cognition in two large sub-samples of children ages 9-10 years old from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Across both discovery and replication sub-samples, we found that child reports of caregiver monitoring (supervision or regular knowledge of the child’s whereabouts) were positively associated with general cognition abilities, after covarying for age, sex, household income, neighborhood deprivation, and parental education. This association was specific to the type of caregiving behavior (caregiver monitoring, but not caregiver warmth), and was most strongly associated with a broad domain of general cognition (but not executive function or learning/memory). Additionally, we found that caregiver monitoring partially mediated the association between household income and cognition, furthering our understanding of how socioeconomic disparities may contribute to disadvantages in cognitive development. Together, these findings underscore the influence of subtle differences in caregiving behavior in shaping youth cognition.
Algerian Children’s Literature: From the Labyrinth of Colonialism to the Cornucopia of Postcolonialism
Authors: Aissa Assia Amina
Published: June 2022

Non-Western children’s literature has received significant attention in the past few decades. African and Arab children’s literature is not the exception to this surge in interest. However, the countries and communities denominated as African or Arab encompass heterogeneous communities and ethnicities. African children’s literature often refers to literature in Central and Southern African countries, and Arab children’s literature is often Middle-eastern, leaving the genre underexplored in many countries part of both. This article is a precursory sketch of children’s and young adult literature in Algeria, tackling the question of the idiosyncrasies of the genre from a cultural-historical perspective. It exposes the substantial historical and linguistic factors that denied the genre of an organic metamorphosis. With 130 years of French colonization, intensive acculturation policies, and the astounding illiteracy rate among Algerians, the post-colonial Algerian government devoted efforts to tending to the wounds and the trauma deeply inflected by the French. The endeavor to restore the Algerian identity made children’s literature its first and most indispensable outlet of the process, similar to how it served as a resistance front during the colonial period. The article concludes by addressing the place of Algerian children’s literature on the international scale, the meager yet increasing scholarship interested in this research area, and recommendations for an open, ideology-free conversation between all parties involved in children’s literature production, circulation, and consumption to yield an auspicious trajectory for the future of the genre. Thus, the paper conduces to scholarship on African and Arab children’s literature.
Royall Tyler’s The Contrast: The cultural foundations and the Contradictions of his Campaign for Freedom Explained
Authors: Zouane Mounya , Zerar Sabrina
Published: June 2022

This research seeks to explore in detail the cultural foundations and the contradictions in Royall Tyler’s campaign for freedom in The contrast (1787). More particularly, it puts emphasis on how Tyler wages his “culture war” and what measure of success he achieves in the highly divisive debate about cultural nationalism in the early American republic. To shed light on the issue of cultural independence, the play is placed within the context of the turbulent early years of the new nation, when each and every American across gender, ethnic, social class, faction or party lines challenged their fellow citizens to stay true to the revolutionary principles of democracy and freedom. It is argued that with The contrast, Tyler, irked by the cultural dependency of America under The Articles of Confederation, stepped into the public sphere in 1787, the year when the first draft of the Constitution was adopted, to make up a wake-up call for Americans still captured in the culturally corrosive cobweb of British texts and textiles. The socio-historical considerations brought to bear on the drama, together with the study of the text proper, have helped us to demonstrate that the play draws its inspiration from two major American cultural sources: the American culture of performance or culture of gentility and the American culture of folk humor or laughter. This research rounds off the argument about Tyler’s cultural nationalism with the highlighting of Tyler’s curtailment of the very freedom that he seeks to expand. The curtailment of freedom in The contrast is explained in terms of Tyler’s loyalty to a strand of republicanism based on class and gender hierarchies.
Traitement des mots abstraits : comment le corps et le mouvement ancrent le concept de temps dans notre architecture cognitive
Authors: Grasso Camille L.
Published: June 2022

Humans are equipped with a set of concepts of which they have no perceptive or motor experience. This capacity to transcend the physical world to build a universe of abstract representations, such as astrophysics or time, is one of the most sophisticated of human cognition. If the involvement of sensorimotor processes in the processing of concrete words is now established, their role in the representation and the processing of abstract concepts is at the heart of a lively debate. Based on a detailed review of data from the literature, and theoretical proposals such as neural reuse and correlational learning, we examined the way in which temporal abstract concepts could be grounded. In a series of five experiments, we investigated the role of movement in the emergence of space-time congruency effects during the visual processing of words conveying temporal information. Overall, our results suggest that movement plays a key role for the grounding (and the processing) of the temporal content of these words. Considering our results, several theoretical propositions (not exclusive) can be made. First, the abstract concept of time could be directly grounded in the temporal experience that accompanies the execution of the movement. In this sense, the overlaps between time and space would not imply that time is intrinsically spatial in nature, but that time and space are generally confused because they are experienced together through movement. Second, the mechanisms underlying the representation and processing of temporal concepts could reuse those of motor planning and spatial cognition. Third, the repeated action of reading and writing could constitute the sensorimotor experience that links space and time together.
Hibiscus syriacus L.: A Critical Review of Medicinal Utility & Phytopharmacology with Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Mishra Shalini , Singh Ashwini , Srivastava Deepika , Singh Shalini , Arya Vedpriya
Published: June 2022

Herbal medicine is an ancient form of medicine that has been used by humans for thousands of years. The vital systems of primordial medicines include Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and folk medicine and, the most developed and widely practiced medicinal system in India is Ayurveda. Hibiscus species are commonly shrubs, herbs or trees with many useful properties, of which H. syriacus is one of the prime species of the genus. It is endowed as the national flower of South Korea, commonly known as ‘Rose of Sharon’ and is found along valleys, open slopes, roadsides and sea cliffs. The plant species is used as a medicine in many diseases such as amoebic colitis, hemorrhoids, hemorrhoidal bleeding, migraine, headache, cold, cough, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, ascariasis, colitis, diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, gas, stomach ache, hematochezia, ascariasis etc. Several biological activities of the plant are attributed to the presence of various active compounds like botulin, coumarins, fumaric acid, hydroquinone, is vitexin, linoleic acid, nonanoic acid, naringenin acid, Para hydroxybenzaldehyde, palmitic acid, Syracusans A-C, triterpenoids and vanillic acid. Some phytochemicals, including linolenic acid, palmitic acid, hydroxyhibiscone A, hibiscuses D, Syracusans A, pentacyclic triterpene esters, triterpenoid, nonanoic acid, anthocyanins, and others, are responsible for its biological importance like anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-depressant, anti-fungal, anti-melanogenic, anti-oxidant, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, etc., Detailed information extracted by reviewing the medicinal utilities & Phytopharmacological properties, provide elaborated evidences for the application of H. syriacus in many ailments.
Relevance of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extracts for good health and stamina: A review of recent advancements
Authors: Kumar Amit , Dadheech Amit , Mondal Kinjal , Yadav Mukesh Kumar
Published: June 2022

Herbal plants have been the primary source of medicines for humans since ancient times, and currently around eighty per cent of global population depends on traditional medical system. World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that the international market value for herbal products is approximately equivalent to $6.2 billion till the date and is believed to reach up to $5 trillion at the end of 2050. The main objective of the study is to identify the traditional uses of ashwagandha root extracts for health and longevity, keeping focus on pharmaceutical and biochemical scientific evidence to support the validity. National and international journals have been examined for concrete evidence.
Addressing Problems with Reading in English: A Case Study of Five Bangladeshi Teachers
Authors: Sadaf Syeda Tabinda
Published: June 2022

Reading is generally considered as one of the essential language learning skills. Unfortunately, in most Bangladeshi government secondary schools, reading is not given its due respect. Recent research indicates that reading is as much important a skill as speaking or writing and therefore, Bangladeshi teachers need to change their mindset towards the significance of reading in classroom, to make the L2 learning a helpful experience for students. Five Bangladeshi teachers from three diﬀerent schools took part in the study. This study is aimed to see Bangladeshi teacher’s analysis of reading problems of their students and the teaching strategies they use in classrooms for teaching reading skills by using questionnaire and interviews as research tools. The research found that teachers recognise students’ reading problems and sincerely try to address these but their biggest impediment is the class size for which students are left alone with their reading diﬃculties. If this skill is not aptly addressed at this level, learning the other three language skills will be diﬃcult for the second language learners. Hence this research suggests that teachers’ analysis of the reading problems should be given importance to ensure students’ maximum L2 learning.
Differentiated Reading Instruction: Teacher Beliefs and Strategies
Authors: Dhakal Basanta Raj
Published: June 2022

With an increasingly diverse student population in the classroom, it is imperative that teachers feel confident about their ability to teach reading to children who have varied reading proficiency to read. This study has explored in-service teacher beliefs on learner diﬀerences in reading instruction in school classrooms that instigated teacher strategies in meeting learner needs. Data were collected from classroom observation and interviews from two experienced teachers. Transcripts and field notes were coded and analyzed thematically. The result indicated that the teachers had high expectations for their students, however, they lacked suﬃcient skills to diﬀerentiate reading instruction to address the needs of students on a regular basis. Classroom instruction was mostly dominated by lecture methods and the materials and activities were limited to textbooks. The teachers saw reading diﬀerences as a classroom reality, recognized students reading diﬀerences in the classroom, and felt the need to grow every learning potential in reading. Some of the teaching strategies that aligned with diﬀerentiated reading instruction were: flexible grouping, library lesson and choice in reading, diﬀerentiated support, multisensory presentation of lessons, extension activities for high achieving readers, activating background knowledge and making connection, peer tutoring, exploratory activities, curriculum compacting, ongoing assessment and feedback, diﬀerentiated questioning, diﬀerentiated assignment, repeated instruction, and using technology.
Unpacking Teachers’ Experiences of Teaching Writing at the Undergraduate (Bachelor) Level in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Jagadish
Published: June 2022

Teachers’ experiences prove that second language writing (L2 writing) is a challenging task. Embracing a phenomenological approach to research, this study unpacks teachers’ lived experiences of teaching English as a second language (ESL) writing at the undergraduate (bachelor) level in Nepal. Specifically, it explores how teachers teach writing, what kind of assignments they assign to their students, what they feel comfortable and uncomfortable with teaching writing, what they want to improve in their teaching, and what their students struggle with in carrying out their assignments. For collecting data, I used a written open-ended questionnaire as a research tool and I analyzed the resulting data thematically. The study reveals that, out of nine teachers, only four strove to embrace a process approach to writing. The findings show that, as reported by the teachers, students most often react negatively to writing assignments and struggle in their writing. The teachers assign several long and short assignments, and, by their responses, it can be understood that all intended to improve their teaching, ranging from coherence and cohesion to contextualizing their teaching.
Exploring Continuous Professional Development of Woman English Language Teachers
Authors: KC Kamala
Published: June 2022

This study explored woman English as a Foreign Language teachers’ perceptions and practice of professional development. In this research, semi-structured interviews were used for data collection from purposefully selected participants. The participants were three secondary level woman English language teachers of Rupandehi district, state no. 5, Nepal. These teachers had a proper understanding of professional development and were found to put significant personal eﬀort into their professionalism including the training given by the Ministry of Education. In this study, I used the theory of Liberal Feminism. Jaggar (1983) advocates that society as whole benefits from the public contributions of woman in general and educated woman in particular. The study contributes to all concerned stake holders including, teachers, students, teaching institutions, training centers and associations, and trainers to understand the value of professional development for woman EFL teachers, plan and provide more opportunities, and take it into the main stream of ELT discourse to improve the status of woman English language teachers in academia in Nepal.
University Teachers’ Strategies in Dealing with Disruptive Classroom Behaviours in Nepal
Authors: Baral Parmeshor , Khadka Kabita
Published: June 2022

Unwanted behaviours of students that impede the normal functioning of the classroom has become a centre of concern of the majority of the teachers and university teachers are also no exception to this matter. This paper is an attempt to explore teachers’ approaches and strategies in dealing with “disruptive” behaviour in Nepalese university classrooms. Using non-random sampling, 15 university teachers who have more than five years of teaching experience in the corresponding fields were chosen as the participants of the study. The tools for data collection were an open-ended questionnaire and a semi structured interview and they were administered following all ethical considerations. The study, based on Dreikurs’s mistaken model for classroom management (1968), found that teachers divided teachers’ talking time (TTT) and students’ talking time (STT), minimized their talking time, played an instrumental role in not allowing students to divert the academic discussion into non-academic ones. Then, the teachers and students collectively formulated dos and don’ts before the semester began and whenever there was a disruption in most of the contexts, those rules and regulations were acknowledged and stopped students from monopolizing classroom discussion.
Poetry in the Language Classroom: Humanizing Teaching Material
Authors: Bidari Samikshya
Published: June 2022

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Distribution and Conservation of Endemic Flowering Plants in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijesundara D.S.A.
Published: June 2022

In addition to the numerous known and unknown ecosystem services provided, forests contain a vast diversity of angiosperms generally known as flowering plants. Since the colonial times Sri Lanka’s flowering plants have been explored, studied and documented extensively. Compared to the other countries in South Asia, flowering plant diversity in Sri Lanka is remarkably higher due to a multitude of factors. One of the striking features of our angiosperm flora is the high percentage of endemic species. These species are distributed mainly in the Central and South West region of the island. However, there may be more endemic species in the North East and Eastern areas of the country which were not botanized as extensively as the South Western regions. Wijesundara and Perera studied the distribution of endemic species in 5×5 km grids on a map of Sri Lanka and identified nine areas with high endemism based on weighted endemism calculated for each grid. These endemic areas are: Central highlands, South Western Wet Zone, Northern Highlands, Eastern Highlands, Ritigala, Dolu Kanda, Yala, Wilpattu and Jaffna. Within the nine endemic areas, four areas with higher endemism were recognized. Those core endemic areas are Adams Peak, Horton Plains, Sinharaja, Knuckles, and Kandy. Like many other groups of organisms, angiosperms are also threatened by many factors. Out of 863 endemic species listed in the 2020 Red List, 625 are threatened. This is about 72.5% of the total endemic angiosperm species in Sri Lanka. In addition to that 13 out of 18 endemic subspecies and 50 out of 69 endemic varieties are threatened. If all endemic taxa (species, subspecies and varieties) are considered 688 (72.4%) are threatened. The highest concentration of threatened plants have been reported from six endemic areas, i.e., Central Highlands, South Western Wet Zone, Northern Highlands, Eastern Highlands, Ritigala and Dolu Kanda. Threats to these endemic angiosperms may range from direct causes such as habitat loss and environmental pollution to indirect factors such as unavailability of pollinators or dispersal agents. Whatever, the causal factors there may be, the proportion of threatened endemic angiosperm plant species is exceedingly high. Therefore, a serious attention need to be paid without delay by all concerned.
Effect of Time of Tapping on Latex Yield of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in Kalutara and Moneragala Districts of Sri Lanka
Authors: Nayanakantha N.M.C.  , Wijesuriya B.W.  , Watawala S.  , Karunatilaka P.K.W.  , Samarasekara R.K.
Published: June 2022

Low productivity is one of the major concerns in rubber plantations and therefore, efforts should be made to exploit the maximum potential yield from a rubber tree sustainably. The exploitation of latex (tapping), which is the most important operation in rubber crop and plantations, is normally done in the morning (around 06:00-08:30) in traditional rubber growing areas in Wet and Intermediate Zones and around 05:00-07:30 in the nontraditional areas in Intermediate Zone. Some smallholders, planters and other people/groups believe or suggest that night or early morning tapping could increase the latex yield in rubber trees. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the effect of time of taping on the latex yield of H. brasiliensis. Rubber trees of clone RRIC 121 were used with a plot size of 15 trees and six treatments to represent times of tapping [03:00, 04:00, 05:00, 06:00 (control), 07:00 and 08:00)] at d2 frequency at Galewatta division of the Rubber Research Institute, Agalawatta, Kalutara District and 02:00, 03:00, 04:00, 05:00 (control), 06:00 and 07:00 at a smallholder field, Yudaganawa, Moneragala District for one year. Weather and latex volume data were recorded and total crop and g/t/t (gram/tree/tapping) were calculated/estimated. No significant differences were recorded for the mean total crop and g/t/t values for the trees tapped at different time intervals in both Kalutara and Moneragala districts. Models were fit to estimate the crops that could be obtained at different time durations using these data. Accordingly, a 0.04% increase in the total crop was estimated for trees tapped during 5:00-7:30 when compared to those tapped during 06:00-08:30 in the Kalutara District. Conversely, 1.6%, 3.3%, and 5.1% increase in yield were recorded in trees tapped during 04:00- 06:30, 03:00-05:30 and 02:00-04:30 respectively when compared to those tapped during 05:00-07:30. Therefore, night/early morning tapping may not be an effective or a practical strategy/solution to increase the productivity in rubber plantations in Kalutara District, while tapping during 02:00-04:00 in Moneragala District may contribute to an increase in latex crop upto around 5%. Large-scale assessments are required for further confirmation of these results.

Keywords: Hevea brasiliensis, Latex, Morning, Rubber, Tapping