bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of selected pesticides by adsorption
Authors: Valičková Mária , Derco Ján , Šimovičová Katarína
Published: May 2013

The paper is focused on the removal of selected priority hazardous substances. Five chlorinated pesticides, i.e. hexachlorobenzene (HCHB), hexachlorobutadiene (HCHBD), lindane (LIN), pentachlorobenzene (PCHB) and heptachlor (HCH) were selected as model pollutants. Higher volatility is characteristic for these substances. Adsorption of these pollutants on granular activated carbon (GAC), zeolite (Zeo) and activated sludge (AS) was investigated. The effect of contact time on the removal efficiency of studied substances was investigated. From results of the work it follows that the highest removal efficiency of studied substances was achieved by the adsorption on activated sludge. This was followed by adsorption efficiency on zeolite. The lowest removal efficiency was measured for adsorption on granular activated carbon.
Photocytotoxicity of [Cu(N-salicyliden-L-glutamato · 2H2O] · isoquinoline
Authors: Pisarčíková Jana , Čižeková Lýdia , Paulíková Helena , Vantová Zuzana
Published: May 2013

The metal complexes have a significant role in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The most common metals studied for PDT of tumors are transitional metals. In this paper we have studied the copper(II) complexes of N-salicyliden-L-glutamate. The photocytostatic effect was monitored against mouse leukemic cell line L1210. Photocytostatic effect was confirmed for [Cu(N-salicyliden-L-glutamato・2H2O]・isoquinoline (CuCIQ), but it wasn’t observed for the parental molecule [Cu(N-salicyliden-L-glutamato・2H2O]・H2O. CuCIQ had photocytotoxic effect already at 10 μM concentration. Irradiated cells (1050 mJ.cm-2, λ = 365 nm) had half the viability of the cells incubated with CuCIQ in the dark (72 h). Co-incubation of the cells with CuCIQ and ascorbic acid increased this photocytotoxic effect and this effect correlated with the elevated level of lipoperoxidation.
Multidimensional gas chromatography and its applications in food and environmental analysis
Authors: Pažitná Alexandra , Jánošková Nikoleta , Špánik Ivan
Published: May 2013

This review deals with overview of methods of multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC), the classical meaning- conventional heart-cut MDGC, and the comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC). MDGC is widely used because it increases required separation efficiency, which cannot be achieved by one-dimensional gas chromatography. Selected applications in food quality and safety, monitoring of environment, food authentication are summarized. This review summarizes the advances and applications of MDGC that have been published over last 10 years.
Selection Process of ERP Systems
Authors: Molnár Bálint , Szabó Gyula , Benczúr András
Published: May 2013

Background: The application and introduction of ERP systems have become a central issue for management and operation of enterprises. The competition on market enforces the improvement and optimization of business processes of enterprises to increase their efficiency, effectiveness, and to manage better the resources outside the company. The primary task of ERP systems is to achieve the before-mentioned objectives. Objective: The selection of a particular ERP system has a decisive effect on the future operation and profitability of the enterprise. The qualitative correlation between the size of enterprises, market position, etc. and the applied selection criteria for ERP systems should be analysed as to whether which criteria are used at multinational enterprises or at SMEs. Methods/Approach: Our research is grounded in a literature review and case studies of everyday practice related to the introduction, implementation and roll-out of ERP systems. Results: The dominant critical success factor of ERP introduction seems to be “ERP software suitability”, “Information quality”, “ERP vendor quality”. Conclusion: The set of criteria on one hand shows strong correlation with non-functional requirements codified in standards, and on the other hand with usual functional requirements for ERP systems.
Conditional Tsallis Entropy
Authors: Manije Sanei Tabass , Gholamreza Mohtashami Borzadaran , Mohammad Amini
Published: May 2013

In this paper, the conditional Tsallis entropy is defined on the basis of the conditional Renyi entropy. Regarding the fact that Renyi entropy is the monotonically increasing function of Tsallis entropy, a relationship has also been presented between the joint Tsallis entropy and conditional Tsallis entropy.
Vegetation of the Onferno Nature Reserve (Rimini – Central Italy) and Management Problems of Secondary Grasslands
Authors: Zitti Silva , Rismondo Michele , Taffetani Fabio
Published: May 2013

This study presents a floristic and vegetational analysis of the territory of the Onferno Nature Reserve. The site extends over about 120 hectares, and is located in central Italy, in a hilly area near the Adriatic coast. It is characterised by the presence of large gypsum blocks that have karst caves, where important colonies of bats lives. This study of the vegetation allowed the description of six main vegetation series, divided into three different geosigmeta: a geomorphological unit of gypsum substrata (Gessi di Onferno); a geomorphological unit of clay substrata (Formazione del Santerno); and a geomorphological unit of compact sandstone substrata (Formazione Montecalvo in Foglia). This floristic and vegetation studies carried out on the secondary grasslands (EC Habitat 6210) have allowed the evaluation of the grazing effects on the conservation of their biodiversity, and highlight the critical nature of this management method. Furthermore, on the basis of the vegetation studies, the list of habitats according to EC Directive 92/43/CEE has been better defined and updated.
Gagea Bohemica in Slovakia: 1. Taxonomy and Distribution
Authors: Košťál Jaroslav , Eliáš Pavol , Vojteková Helena , Dítě Daniel
Published: May 2013

Distribution, morphological types and coenotic affinity of Gagea bohemica in Slovakia was studied during 2008-2011. Revision of herbarium material showed presence of three taxa in the flora: 1) subsp. bohemica, 2) subsp. bohemica var. stenochlamydea and 3) subsp. saxatilis. Taxonomic status of var. stenochlamydea is uncertain and requires further research. In total, 42 localities of G. bohemica sensu lato were documented. Nominate subsp. bohemica (including var. stenochlamydea) predominated and it was recently confirmed at 21 localities. These current sites represent about 50% of all known sites, therefore we re-assessed the status of G. bohemica in the Slovak Red List and we proposed the IUCN category EN (endangered) for this taxon. Subsp. saxatilis was found as new to Slovakia. The taxon occurred only at single locality (Vinosady) and it was not confirmed recently. We assessed it as data deficient (DD).
Biocontrol of Chickpea Fusarium Wilt by Bacillus Spp. Rhizobacteria
Authors: Zaim Souad , Belabid Lakhdar , Bellahcene Miloud
Published: May 2013

Among 131 rhizobacteria isolates, 29 potentially antagonistic strains were screened in in vitro assays. The five antagonistic Bacillus spp. Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15 showed the most inhibitory effect against FOC1 (from 25.63 to 71.11%), mycelial growth, and FOC2 (from 28.43 to 60.65%) in vitro. Results also revealed that production of volatile metabolite, components and inhibition of the test pathogen by volatile metabolites varied among different antagonistic rhizobacteria. Isolates Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15 produced more volatile metabolites which inhibited mycelial FOC growth by 40%. Chickpea Fusarium wilt severity caused by FOC1 was reduced from 60 to 99% in the susceptible cultivar ILC 482 treated with antagonistic Bacillus spp. (Rb29, Rb6, Rb12, Rb4, and Rb15) in pot assays and by 98, 81, 68, 64, 57.20%, respectively, in the field trials. As for their beneficial effects on disease control, the results revealed that Bacillus spp. may improve plant growth and disease control.
First Report of Sclerotium Rot of Foliage Ornamental Plants in Poland
Authors: Orlikowski Leszek , Ptaszek Magdalena
Published: May 2013

Stem and leaf rot incited by Sclerotium rolfsii was found on Epipremnum aureum, Hedera helix, and Peperomia obtusifolia rooting cuttings. S. rolfsii was isolated from about 90% of the analysed plant materials. Isolate from E. aureum colonized all the parts of the 3 host plants as well as eustoma and lavender. Necrosis spread significantly faster on peperomia and the nonhost plants. The fungus produced dense, floccose, white mycelium with numerous, small, brown sclerotia. The optimum temperature for development was 30°C.
Labelling Journalism
Authors: Hågvar Yngve Benestad
Published: May 2013

The present article explains why it is important to consider newspapers’ formats and content sections in discourse analyses. It performs a comparative analysis of the choice and naming of content sections in the print and online editions of three major Norwegian newspapers published in 2010. The concept of paratexts is stressed and used as an analytical tool through a four-dimensional framework. The analysis shows that sections that appear across paper brands and platforms refer quite conventionally to specific topics and genres, whereas sections that appear solely online rather tend to highlight social functions, social roles and social actors. Through their paratexts, the online-specific sections answer questions of who and why instead of what. In this sense, there seems to be a discursive development in the principles underlying text classification and navigation, turning towards a more dialogical and person-oriented discourse online.
Testy podstawowe monitorów stosowanych do prezentacji obrazów medycznych
Authors: Skrzyński Witold , Ślusarczyk-Kacprzyk Wioletta , Kukołowicz Paweł , Oborska-Kumaszyńska Dominika , Orlef Andrzej , Zielińska-Dąbrowska Sylwia
Published: May 2013

Coraz powszechniej klisza rentgenowska jest wypierana przez detektory cyfrowe. Obraz zapisany w postaci cyfrowej jest następnie prezentowany z użyciem monitorow, zwykle diagnostycznych. W niniejszym dokumencie przedstawiono zestaw testow, ktore zdaniem Polskiego Towarzystwa Fizyki Medycznej, powinny być wykonywane dla monitorow używanych do prezentowania obrazu zapisanego w postaci cyfrowej. Dokument ten powstał z inicjatywy Zarządu Głownego Polskiego Towarzystwa Fizyki Medycznej, został opracowany na podstawie dostępnych publikacji przez fizykow z Zakładu Fizyki Medycznej Centrum Onkologii w Warszawie we wspołpracy z zespołem konsultantow powołanych przez Zarząd Głowny PTFM.
Pathological changes of stomach in ringed seal (Pusa hispida) from Arviat (North Canada) caused by anisakid nematodes
Authors: Sołtysiak Z. , Simard M. , Rokicki J.
Published: May 2013

This is a report of lesions associated with the nematodes (Anisakidae) from the stomach of ringed seals (Pusa hispida). On thirty one examined ringed seals from Arviat, thirteen were infected by 1 to 24 anisakids. Identification of nematodes from their stomachs showed two species; Contracaecum osculatum (sensu lato) (79 specimens) and Pseudoterranova decipiens (sensu lato) (11 specimens). In the gastric sections with parasites, larvae and adults of nematodes were present mainly in the fundic portion of the stomach. The anterior parts of the nematodes were embedded in mucosa and submucosa. Anisakids were associated with ulcerous gastric lesions and raised inflammatory areas in the stomachs. The histological examination of a sample taken from the tissue surrounding anisakids revealed the presence of more or less confluent focal necrotic areas. Most small petechial hemorrhages were located in the mucosal layer of the gastric wall and were surrounded by inflammatory mononuclear cells such as lymphocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils and fibroblasts. The Anisakidae larvae in the stomach caused atrophy of glands, hemorrhaging and eosinophilic infiltrations that consequently healed, creating fibrotic scars.
Anthelmintics residues in raw milk. Assessing intake by a children population
Authors: Tsiboukis D. , Sazakli E. , Jelastopulu E. , Leotsinidis M.
Published: May 2013

Anthelmintics, such as benzimidazoles and probenzimidazoles, are veterinary drugs used against endoparasites in food producing animals. A number of these drugs are considered responsible for embryotoxicity and teratogenicity. The residue levels of Albendazole, Febantel, Fenbendazole, Mebendazole and some of their metabolites (Albendazole sulphoxide, Albendazole sulphone, Fenbendazole sulfone) were assessed in 123 (42 goat, 69 sheep, 12 bovine) raw milk samples collected from all farms throughout Southern Greece. Sample analysis was performed by HPLC with Diode Array Detector. A high percentage (27.6%) of the samples examined was found to be positive for the investigated compounds. In 14 samples (11.4%), the residues’ concentration exceeded the established Maximum Residue Limits.

Estimated Daily Intakes were calculated for a population of 723 children aged 10-12 years. Data on milk consumption were obtained by personal interview through a 7-day food frequency questionnaire. The maximum Estimated Daily Intakes for the anthelmintic residues, concerning raw milk, did not exceed the current Acceptable Daily Intake.
Ontogeny of the long form of leptin receptor gene expression in the porcine ovarian follicles
Authors: Smolinska N. , Kaminski T. , Siawrys G. , Przala J.
Published: May 2013

Leptin is a polypeptide hormone produced predominantly in adipocytes. It has been found to be implicated in the regulation of satiety and energy homeostasis. A role for leptin in reproduction was later suggested by findings that this hormone may be involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal axis via endocrine, paracrine and/or autocrine pathways. The objective of the study was to investigate the ontogeny of the long isoform of leptin receptor (OB-Rb) gene in porcine ovarian follicles. The expression of OB-Rb gene was detected in porcine primordial, primary, secondary and antral follicles by in situ hybridization. In summary, our data suggest that leptin might have a direct effect on porcine follicles and plays an important role in the follicular development.
Performance, pork quality and fatty acid composition of entire males, surgically castrated or immunocastrated males, and female pigs reared under organic system
Authors: Grela E.R. , Kowalczuk-Vasilev E. , Klebaniuk R.
Published: May 2013

This study was carried out on the farm specializing in organic pig production on 80 fatteners of the Polish native Pulawska breed, allocated into 4 groups (20 pigs each): EM - entire (uncastrated) males, IM - immunocastrates - males vaccinated with ImprovacR, CM - surgically castrated males and G - gilts. The highest average daily gains were achieved by the IM group, slightly lower by EM, whereas the lowest by CM and G groups. Content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in intramuscular fat and backfat (10.19% and 10.68%, respectively) of IM was lower (P ≤ 0.05) than in fat of EM (11.4% and 13.20%, respectively), but higher (P ≤ 0.05) in comparison to CM (8.43% and 8.71%, respectively). Vaccination of boars against GnRH has not decreased quality traits of organically produced pork. Furthermore, comparing to meat from surgically castrated males, it resulted in better qualities (lower fat content in carcass, higher PUFA level in fat, better physicochemical meat properties).
Stem cells in dentistry – Review of literature
Authors: Dziubińska P. , Jaskólska M. , Przyborowska P. , Adamiak Z.
Published: May 2013

Stem cells have been successfully isolated from a variety of human and animal tissues, including dental pulp. This achievement marks progress in regenerative dentistry. This article reviews the latest improvements made in regenerative dental medicine with the involvement of stem cells. Although, various types of multipotent somatic cells can be applied in dentistry, two types of cells have been investigated in this review. Dental pulp cells are classified as: DPSCs, SCAPs and SHEDs.The third group includes two types of cell associated with the periodontium: PDL and DFPC. This review aims to systematize basic knowledge about cellular engineering in dentistry.
The application of circulating tumor cells detecting methods in veterinary oncology
Authors: Chmielewska M. , Łosiewicz K. , Socha P. , Męcik-Kronenberg T. , Wąsowicz K.
Published: May 2013

Cancers are one of the most common diseases affecting dogs. Many of them develop spontaneously and their biology and histopathology shows many similarities to human cancers. What more, it is proved that there are much more analogies in molecular mechanisms of cancer development between these two species. Human oncology is seeking more and more efficient methods for an early disease detection which results directly in the extended life expectancy of patients affected. One of the most modern trends in the diagnosis of cancer is to detect circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the blood of patients. It is known that these cells are responsible for the formation of metastases in distant organs what results in the patient death. Moreover, it’s confirmed that CTC are already present in patients’ bloodstream in the early stages of tumor development. There is no doubt that mechanism of metastasis development in dogs is identical and thus the CTC are also present in their bloodstream. Despite the intense researches there is still no optimal method of isolating cancer cells from the blood where they occur extremely rarely. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implications of the detection methods of tumor cells in the blood in veterinary oncology.
Forensic Medicine – seen through the eyes of a social anthropologist
Authors: Pedersen Pernille Dahl
Published: May 2013

For the average Dane death has become part of daily life. The media paints a picture of numerous violent acts, but even though we come across it on a daily basis certain aspects of death, e.g. working with the dead, are still seen as taboos.

This article is based on my internship at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Odense in February 2011 where I participated in the daily routines, and therefore had the opportunity to see how the employees relate to death and the dead.

The section “A Room of Impurities” deals with the symbolical impurity of the autopsy rooms at the Institute, since death, according to the anthropologist Mary Douglas, is a taboo and therefore something symbolically impure. In the section “Subjects or Objects?” another aspect of working with the dead is presented. The employees at the Institute have an ability to see the dead as both subjects and objects and to switch between these. The dead body as an object can equally be seen as something impure. The last section “A Part of Human Life” compares the taboo surrounding the Institute of Forensic Medicine with the view upon death in Tibet, and concludes on the manuscript.
Software for the Design of Swimming Pool Dehumidifiers Units
Authors: Rubina Aleš , Blasinski Petr , Tesař Zdeněk
Published: May 2013

The article deals with the description and solution of physical phenomena taking place during evaporation of water. The topicality of the theme is given a number of built indoor swimming pool and wellness centers at present. In addressing HVAC systems serving these areas, it is necessary to know the various design parameters in the interior including the water temperature as the pool temperature and humidity. Following is a description of the calculation module, air handling units, including optimizing the settings of the physical changes in order to ensure the lowest energy consumption for air treatment and required maintaining internal microclimate parameters.
Sensory Quality of Carrots from Organic and Conventional Cultivation
Authors: Wrzodak Anna , Kapusta Elżbieta , Szwejda-Grzybowska Justyna , Woszczyk Katarzyna
Published: May 2013

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the cultivation method (organic and conventional) on the sensory quality of carrot roots - fresh, stored, and cooked. The study was conducted in the sensory evaluation laboratory of the Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice in 2009-2011. The carrot roots came from a certified experimental field with a stable ecosystem, adapted for conducting experiments on the organic growing of vegetables. At the same time, in the same soil and climatic conditions, carrots were grown in the conventional system. The experimental material consisted of two varieties of carrot - Perfekcja and Regulska. In a two-year cycle, sensory analyses were performed of fresh carrot roots, and of roots that had been stored and heat treated. The evaluations were conducted by a 10-person panel of specialists using the method of quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). The results of qualitative sensory evaluations and the profilograms prepared on that basis for fresh and stored carrot roots indicated differences in the sensory characteristics between the tested varieties grown in organic and conventional systems. The greatest impact on the overall quality was exerted by the attributes: the carrot-taste, sweet taste, juiciness and hardness of the flesh. Organically grown carrots of the variety Regulska were characterized by the highest intensity of sweet taste and the carrot- taste, and by the best hardness, crunchiness, crispness and juiciness of the flesh. Fresh roots of this variety received the highest overall score. There were also some differences in the sensory characteristics of carrot roots after several months of storage, and then after cooking them, depending on the variety and cultivation method. In both years of the study, following the storage period, the cooked carrot roots of the variety Perfekcja from organic cultivation received the highest scores for overall quality. After storing and subjecting carrot roots to heat treatment, there was a significant decrease in the intensity of most of the quality descriptors, such as taste, smell and texture, when compared with the fresh roots under evaluation
Social capital in the Poznań agglomeration
Authors: Dominiak Joanna , Konecka-Szydłowska Barbara
Published: May 2013

Social capital (like human capital) is an increasingly important factor of socio-economic development today. The role of social capital in technological advancement and economic development has been widely discussed in foreign and Polish literature. The main goal of this article is to analyse differences in the social capital of the Poznań agglomeration. To achieve it, the following cognitive questions will be addressed: (a) the level of social capital in the Poznań agglomeration; (b) the level of and differences in the basic components of social capital, and (c) differences in the level of social capital in the core-periphery system of the Poznań agglomeration.
The process of transformation of academic centres as a factor upgrading the quality of human capital in the regions of France
Authors: Dorocki Sławomir , Borowiec Monika
Published: May 2013

The article discusses the issue of spatial distribution and diversity of educational potential of Higher Education (HE) urban centres described by the number of students and HE institutions as well as their structure in terms of types in the regions of France in 1998‒2008. According to the research results it appears that the actions undertaken in order to level the socio-economic development of the regions of France, i.e. increasing the quality of human capital, resulted in an even distribution of HE centres, their high educational potential and lack of regional specificity in terms of the structure of the educational offer.
Population ageing patterns in Małopolskie voivodship by poviats until 2030
Authors: Kurkiewicz Jolanta , Knapik Oskar
Published: May 2013

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate differences and similarities in population structures of the poviats of Małopolskie voivodship in the years 2010‒2030, with particular attention to population ageing. To describe the ageing process two types of indicators are used, namely conventional and prospective measures. As conventional ones we assume the percentage of the population aged 65 and over, and the old-age dependency ratio expressed as the number of persons aged 65 and over per 100 persons aged 20‒64. The same aspects of population ageing are expressed by a new group of measures based on a fresh concept for measuring age, the so-called prospective age. Unlike chronological (retrospective) age, prospective age takes into account the changes in life expectancy that occur in the period under consideration. Using the data coming from Demographic Years Book 2011, and from Demographic Projection 2008‒2011 (www.stat.gov.pl) some types of population ageing patterns in Małopolskie voivodship by poviats until 2030 are demonstrated. They count both differences in population ageing of poviats in Małopolskie voivodship and the dynamics of this process in view of conventional and prospective measures. The general features of demographic ageing in Małopolskie voivodship in 2010‒2030 are formulated in conclusions.
A comparative study of local railway networks in Poland and the Czech Republic
Authors: Taczanowski Jakub
Published: May 2013

Despite similar economic and legal conditions in Poland and the Czech Republic, the situation of local railway lines in each of these neighbouring countries is completely different. In Poland more than 90% of third-category and over 44% of second-category lines were closed down between 1989 and 2011, whereas the Czech Republic did away with only 14% of its regional lines during the same period. This means that two decades of transformation processes in Poland have resulted in a massive decline in the importance of the regional railway network, which is one of the most important symptoms of a rapid decline in the role of the railway transport system as a whole. By contrast, the Czech Republic still has one of the densest railway networks in Europe, thanks to the vital role of its local lines. The main reasons for this big difference between the two countries - and for the very minor importance of the regional railway service in Poland - are the lack of a realistic transport policy at the state level and the badly conducted restructuring of the national PKP railway company (PKP - Polskie Koleje Państwowe, Polish State Railways). Other reasons are the poor state of the railway infrastructure and also factors connected with the structure of settlement, as well as the historical development of the railways in certain parts of the country. These factors have merely reinforced an already vast bureaucracy and aggravated the wastage for which the PKP was known during the communist period. The main question that arises concerning the future is whether decision-makers in Poland at both national and regional levels - as well as those in the railway companies themselves - will be able to follow the Czech example, as this would appear to be the best solution for the greatest crisis the Polish railway system has seen in decades.
Variation of some chemical indicators in forage of annual winter pure and mixed crops cultivated in Central Balkan Mountains (Bulgaria)
Authors: Lingorski Vladimir
Published: May 2013

The aim of this experiment was to determine the variations in some important chemical indicators of annual winter cereal and legume pure and mixed crops for green forage production under the conditions of the fore-mountain regions of the Central Northern Bulgaria (Troyan region). In pure crops the crude protein content had fewer values compared to mixed crops. The cereals accumulated less crude fat in comparison with legumes. In mixed crops the crude fat was from 1.99 to 2.82%, with a relatively lower coefficient of variation in comparison with pure crops. More crude fibre was indicated in winter barley, triticale and winter vetch. All pure crops displayed a low coefficient of variation (from 7.21% to 10.26%). The lowest values of crude fibre were in the mixed crops with winter pea and they had a lower coefficient of variation compared to pure crops. In regard to crude ash content the legumes exceeded the cereals. In the legume pure crops a low coefficient of variation was established, while in cereals it was a medial value. On the whole all mixed crops had a low coefficient of variation. In legumes the calcium content was higher but with a low coefficient of variation than cereals. In mixed crops irrespective of whether it had a cereal or legume component the calcium content in forage varied from 0.530 to 0.870%. In mixtures the calcium variation was mostly with a medial value. The phosphorus content had lower values in forage of pure and mixed crops. The least variation (as a medial value) was observed in winter vetch and winter barley. In mixed crops with winter barley this indicator had a low coefficient of variation. The most favorable proportion between calcium and phosphorus for pure crops was found in cereals (triticale and winter barley) - respectively 2.46 and 2.23 and for mixed crops - in Winter barley+winter pea and Winter barley+winter vetch - from 1.76 to 2.57.
Synthesis of 3-Unsubstituted 4-Aryl-4,7-Dihydrothieno[2,3-b]Pyridine-2,5-Dicarboxylates / 3-Neaizvietotu 4-Aril-4,7-Dihidrotiēno[2,3-B]Piridīn-2,5-Dikarbonskābes Esteru Sintēze
Authors: Adlere I. , Krauze A. , Duburs G.
Published: May 2013

Novel 3-unsubstituted 4,7-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridines were prepared by heterocyclization of methyl acetoacetate, an aromatic aldehyde and Meldrum’s acid in the presence of ammonium acetate in glacial acetic acid, followed by treatment of formed intermediates - pyridones with Wilsmeier-Haack reagent and with ethyl mercaptoacetate in the presence of sodium ethoxide in dry ethanol.
Recent Advances in Activation of Silicon Bonds by Fluoride Ion / Jaunākie Sasniegumi Silīcija Saišu Aktivācijās Ar Fluorīda Jonu
Authors: Ābele E.
Published: May 2013

Recent advances in the fluoride ion-mediated reactions of silanes containing Si-H, Si-F, Si-C, Si-O, Si-N, Si-Sn bonds are described. Application of silicon bond activation by fluoride ion in the syntheses of different types of organic compounds has been discussed. The literature data published from January 2009 to December 2011 are discussed in this review.
Use of Biomass for Removal of Arsenic Compounds
Authors: Ansone L. , Klavins M. , Robalds A. , Viksna A.
Published: May 2013

Water contamination with arsenic compounds is a serious problem. One of the solutions is to develop new sorbents based on natural materials that would be cost-effective and environmentally friendly. New sorbents based on biomaterial impregnation with iron oxyhydroxides have been developed. Raw peat material, iron modified-peat, sand, iron modifiedbiomass (shingles, straw) were used for removal of arsenic compounds. The highest sorption capacity was observed for iron modified-peat. Kinetic studies indicated that most of arsenates were removed within 2 hours, and arsenate sorption on iron modified-peat was characterized by the pseudo-second order rate law.
Sorption of Inorganic Substances on the Porous Latvian Clay Ceramic
Authors: Dabare L. , Svinka R. , Svinka V.
Published: May 2013

Devonian clay of Liepa deposit (district of Cesis) and Quaternary clay of Laza deposit (district of Aizpute) was investigated. Pellets were fired at four different temperatures of 700, 800, 900, and 1050 °C. Porosity and surface area of pellets was determined by mercury porosimetry. The pH values after water immersion of fired pellets was determined with a pHmeter. The sorption ability of molecular substance (iodine) and ionic substances (ammonia and dichromate) were determined by titrimetric methods.

The best sorption ability was found for iodine molecules. The entire amount of iodine in the water suspension was absorbed in two weeks, and the sorption ability reached 12.5 mg/g for samples fired at 700 and 800 °C temperature for the Liepa clay and 13.0 mg/g for the Laza clay. The sorption ability of these clay pellets for ammonia was lower and amounted to 3.0 and 2.5 mg/g, respectively. The sorption ability for dichromate ion was even less - only 0.6 mg/g for pellets of both clays.

The investigated fired porous clay granules exhibited distinct sorption properties towards water-soluble ionic and molecular substances, which depended more on the firing temperature of granules and less on the source of clay.
Investigation of Radionuclide Sorption on Peat
Authors: Abramenkovs A. , Klavins M. , Rudzitis J. , Popelis A.
Published: May 2013

Organic sorbents like peat can be successfully used for the purification of radioactive waste waters and are favoured by economical and technical considerations. The peat filters are also friendlier to the environment, since the manufacturing of such filters is a low emission process. This study examined the sorption of radionuclides 137Cs, 55Fe, 63Ni and 14C on peat samples. The initial radioactivity of the peat samples was studied before the experiments. Peat samples were taken from different bogs. Radionuclide solutions were prepared using deionised water and appropriate radionuclide composition from the Salaspils research reactor stock water. It was found that in all cases of peat samples, the main natural radionuclides were 210Pb, 40K and 214Bi. The artificial radionuclides 152Eu, 137Cs and 60Co were also found in the peat samples. Radionuclide sorption studies indicated that the initial radioactivity of the solution decreased in the case of radionuclides 63Ni, 14C, 55Fe and 137Cs. This confirmed that peat samples can effectively remove the radionuclides from radioactive water solutions.
Advanced Research of the Triassic Clay from the Baltic Region
Authors: Karasa J. , Kostjukovs J. , Palaša A. , Actiņš A.
Published: May 2013

A procedure of smectite containing clay enrichment has been optimized, and the process of sedimentation has been studied. The new enrichment based method for quantitative determination of clay fraction in smectite containing sediment was developed. A new method for obtaining organoclays from enriched smectite clays has been investigated. The method is based on solid-state reaction between smectite and organic compounds, where organic molecules can be intercalated in dried clay mineral (montmorillonite) by solid-state reactions, without or with use of solvents. The enriched clay and the obtained organoclay samples were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD).
Comparative Investigations of the Incidence of Sexual Assault in Three Regions of the Republic of Bulgaria During 1997–2006
Authors: Demireva Radoynova Dobrinka , Dimitrova Miteva Radostina , Burulyanova Irina Slavcheva , Ivanov Ganchev Dimitar , Viktorov Dokov Wiliam , Ivanov Ivanov Teodor , Geogiev Kolev Yanko
Published: May 2013

Sexual abuse is considered as a crime against the person all over the world. Despite the age of victims, it could trigger serious physical and psychological consequences, psychoactive substances and drug abuse, reproductive disorders, suicides and even death. The aim of retrospective investigation was to analyze the incidence of sexual assault in the regions of Varna (V), Silistra (S) and Gabrovo (G) in the period 1998-2006. The material used in the study involved the archive records of the Forensic Medicine Wards in the three studied regions. The comparative study employed inquiries and the documental interpretation method. The data of the investigations are filled in questionnaires in Microsoft Excel and compared. In conclusion, we could state that: 1. The female age group, most affected by sexual assault, was that of 14-17 years. 2. Most commonly, the sexual crimes are performed by persons familiar to the victims (50.10%). 3. Among men, the most affected age group was that under 14 years of age.
Land use change impact on soil organic matter.
Loess landscape case study
Authors: Sosnowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2013

The aim of this article is to establish how land use change influences soil organic matter content in the loess landscape. The research was conducted near Krasnystaw in the Lublin Upland, in forest, on arable land and on abandoned lands at various stages of secondary succession.

During the field research, samples were collected from the upper soil layer and analyzed for organic carbon content, fractional composition of humus compounds and soil reaction. The results obtained indicate that the impact of land use change manifests itself in a change of the soil reaction, which turns from neutral or slightly acid into acid. The tillage system reduces organic matter in the soil and increases the humic acids ratio, whereas abandonment of the land causes an evident increase in the soil’s organic matter content and the fulvic acids ratio. These results allow us to state that land use change has a rapid impact on the geochemical properties of the landscape (which can be noticed as soon as 5 years after the land is abandoned).
Aproximate Cycles of the Second Kind in Hilbert space for a Generalized Barbashin-Ezeilo Problem
Authors: Afuwape A. U. , Udo-utun Xavier , Balla M. Y.
Published: May 2013

In this work we show that the Volterra integral operator defined on the space of absolutely stable functions induces an asymptotically pseudocontractive operator. We, then, show that Afuwape’s [1] generalization of the Barbashin-Ezeilo problem is solvable in a Banach space (but not in Hilbert space L2[0,∞)). However applying Osilike-Akuchuf[10] theorem and recent results (in Hilbert space) of Igbokwe and Udoutun[8] we formulate conditions for finding approximate cycles of the second kind (in the Hilbert space W02,2[0,∞)) to this problem given in the form x'" + ax" + g(x') + φ(x)= 0
An iteration process for common fixed points of two nonself asymptotically nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Akbulut Sezgin
Published: May 2013

In this paper, we introduce an iteration process for approximating common fixed points of two nonself asymptotically nonexpansive map- pings in Banach spaces. Our process contains Mann iteration process and some other processes for nonself mappings but is independent of Ishikawa iteration process. We prove some weak and strong convergence theorems for this iteration process. Our results generalize and improve some results in contemporary literature.
On Asymptotically Double Lacunary Statistical Equivalent Sequences in Probabilistic Normed Space
Authors: Esi Ayhan
Published: May 2013

In this paper we study the concept of asymptotically double lacunary statistical convergent sequences in probabilistic normed spaces and prove some basic properties.
Green's Relations on HypG(2)
Authors: Puninagool Wattapong , Leeratanavalee Sorasak
Published: May 2013

A generalized hypersubstitution of type τ = (2) is a mapping which maps the binary operation symbol f to a term σ(f) which does not necessarily preserve the arity. Any such σ can be inductively extended to a map σ̂ on the set of all terms of type τ = (2), and any two such extensions can be composed in a natural way. Thus, the set HypG(2) of all generalized hypersubstitutions of type τ = (2) forms a monoid. Green's relations on the monoid of all hypersubstitutions of type τ = (2) were studied by K. Denecke and Sh.L. Wismath. In this paper we describe the classes of generalized hypersubstitutions of type τ = (2) under Green's relations.
Two sufficient conditions for fractional k-deleted graphs
Authors: Lv Xiangyang
Published: May 2013

Let G be a graph, and k a positive integer. A fractional k-factor is a way of assigning weights to the edges of a graph G (with all weights between 0 and 1) such that for each vertex the sum of the weights of the edges incident with that vertex is k. A graph G is a fractional k-deleted graph if G - e has a fractional k-factor for each e ∈ 2 E(G). In this paper, we obtain some sufficient conditions for graphs to be fractional k-deleted graphs in terms of their minimum degree and independence number. Furthermore, we show the results are best possible in some sense
The Gâteaux derivative and orthogonality in C∞
Authors: Mecheri Salah , Mecheri Hacene
Published: May 2013

The general problem in this paper is minimizing the C∞− norm of suitable affine mappings from B(H) to C∞, using convex and differential analysis (Gateaux derivative) as well as input from operator theory. The mappings considered generalize the so-called elementary operators and in particular the generalized derivations, which are of great interest by themselves. The main results obtained characterize global minima in terms of (Banach space) orthogonality.
Smooth pointwise multipliers of modulation spaces
Authors: Narimani Ghassem
Published: May 2013

Let 1 < p, q < ∞ and s, r ∈ ℝ. It is proved that any function in the amalgam space W(Hrp(ℝd), ℓ∞), where p' is the conjugate exponent to p and Hrp′ (ℝd) is the Bessel potential space, defines a bounded pointwise multiplication operator in the modulation space Msp,q(ℝd), whenever r > |s| + d
The disk property. A short survey
Authors: Joiţa Cezar
Published: May 2013

We present some results obtained over the years regarding the disk property for complex manifolds and its connections with pseudoconvexity
The Efficacy of Exercise Therapy in Reducing Shoulder Pain Related to Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tatham Barbara , Smith Jenna , Cheifetz Oren , Gillespie Jessica , Snowden Katie , Temesy Jessica , Vandenberk Lisa
Published: May 2013

Purpose: Recent research indicates that physiotherapy interventions, such as exercise and manual therapy, may be effective in decreasing the frequency of side effects linked with breast cancer treatment, including fatigue, pain, nausea, and decreased quality of life. This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy of exercise therapy in reducing shoulder pain related to breast cancer treatment and to identify outcome measures that can be used to assess shoulder pain in this population. Methods: A systematic review of the current literature was conducted using portals such as the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE (1996 to April 2011), and Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED) (1985 to April 2011). Databases were searched for relevant studies published up to April 2011. Participants in relevant studies were adults (≥18 years of age) with a primary diagnosis of breast cancer at any point during the treatment of their disease. Results: Six articles were independently appraised by two blinded reviewers. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, each analyzing different types of exercise—shoulder/arm/scapular strengthening/stabilization, postural exercises, general exercises and conditioning, shoulder range-of-motion exercises, and lymphedema exercises—with respect to their efficacy in reducing shoulder pain related to breast cancer treatment. Conclusions: Results suggest that exercise targeting shoulder pain related to breast cancer treatment may be effective. However, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn due to the lack of methodological quality and homogeneity of the studies included. Clinicians should use valid outcome measures, such as the visual analogue scale and brief pain inventory, to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment.
The Reasons for Non-Use of Social Networking Websites by University Students
Authors: Turan Zeynep , Tinmaz Hasan , Goktas Yuksel
Published: May 2013

Although social networking websites (SNSs, especially Facebook) have become highly popular with youths, some university students do not want to participate in such sites. This study explores the underlying reasons for hightech university students’ non-use of social networking websites. The study group (n=20) consisted of 18 to 25yearold undergraduate students, who were selected by the purposive sampling method. Data were collected from two large state universities in Turkey. Facebook, as one of the most popular social networking websites, was selected as a study context. Qualitative research methods were used in the data collection and analysis processes. The primary reasons for not using social networking websites were that they were perceived to be a waste of time, or an unnecessary tool; that they might lead to an addiction; that they might violate privacy concerns or share unnecessary information; and that they might invoke family concerns. Additionally, the findings indicated that most of the students did not trust virtual friendships, and did not like sharing photographs and political views online. This identification of non-user students’ attitudes about SNSs will help us to better understand individual perceptions and experiences relating to these social services.

Aunque las redes sociales (los SRS, especialmente Facebook) se han popularizado entre la juventud, hay algunos alumnos universitarios que no desean participar en ellas. Esta investigación explora las razones subyacentes por las cuales los alumnos universitarios no utilizan las redes sociales. El grupo experimental (n=20) estuvo formado por alumnos de licenciatura de entre 18 y 25 años, seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional. Se recogieron los datos en dos grandes universidades estatales de Turquía. Facebook fue seleccionado para contextualizar esta investigación, por ser una de las redes sociales más populares. Los métodos de investigación cualitativa se emplearon en la recogida y análisis de los datos. Entre las razones principales por las que no utilizan las redes sociales se encuentran su percepción como una pérdida de tiempo, o una herramienta innecesaria; las posibilidades de poder conllevar una adicción; violar las normas de privacidad, compartir información excesiva; e invocar la preocupación parental. Adicionalmente, los resultados indicaron que la mayoría de los alumnos no confió en sus amistades virtuales y que no les gustaba compartir fotografías ni opiniones políticas en línea. El haber identificado las actitudes hacia los SRS de los alumnos nousuarios nos ayudará a entender mejor las percepciones y experiencias individuales relacionadas con estos servicios sociales.