bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a 12-Month Pedometer-Based Walking Intervention in Women of Low Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Hornbuckle Lyndsey M. , Kingsley J. Derek , Kushnick Michael R. , Moffatt Robert J. , Haymes Emily M. , Miles Rebecca , Toole Tonya , Panton Lynn B.
Published: October 2016

This study examined the effects of a 12-month walking intervention in overweight/obese, low socioeconomic women. Forty-six women (48.2 ± 8.0 years) entered the study. Outcomes included weight, waist and hip circumferences, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids, fibrinogen, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Both intention-to-treat analyses in all participants and group analyses in study completers only (3K group = increased steps/day by ≥3,000; No Δ group = did not increase steps/day by ≥ 3,000) were conducted. Group × time ANOVA was used. In study completers, 3K significantly increased steps/day (6,903 ± 3,328 to 12,323 ± 5,736) compared to No Δ (4,926 ± 3,374 to 5,174 ± 3,095) from baseline to 12 months. There was a significant time effect for weight ( P = 0.030), BMI ( P = 0.029), and hsCRP ( P = 0.044). Low socioeconomic women who adhere to a long-term, pedometer-based walking intervention significantly increased steps/day and may improve body weight, BMI, and hsCRP. This could help reduce health disparities in this population over time.
Current and future levels of mercury atmospheric pollution on a global scale
Authors: Pacyna Jozef M. , Travnikov Oleg , De Simone Francesco , Hedgecock Ian M. , Sundseth Kyrre , Pacyna Elisabeth G. , Steenhuisen Frits , Pirrone Nicola , Munthe John , Kindbom Karin
Published: October 2016

Abstract. An assessment of current and future emissions, air concentrations, and atmospheric deposition of mercury worldwide is presented on the basis of results obtained during the performance of the EU GMOS (Global Mercury Observation System) project. Emission estimates for mercury were prepared with the main goal of applying them in models to assess current (2013) and future (2035) air concentrations and atmospheric deposition of this contaminant. The combustion of fossil fuels (mainly coal) for energy and heat production in power plants and in industrial and residential boilers, as well as artisanal and small-scale gold mining, is one of the major anthropogenic sources of Hg emissions to the atmosphere at present. These sources account for about 37 and 25 % of the total anthropogenic Hg emissions globally, estimated to be about 2000 t. Emissions in Asian countries, particularly in China and India, dominate the total emissions of Hg. The current estimates of mercury emissions from natural processes (primary mercury emissions and re-emissions), including mercury depletion events, were estimated to be 5207 t year−1, which represents nearly 70 % of the global mercury emission budget. Oceans are the most important sources (36 %), followed by biomass burning (9 %). A comparison of the 2035 anthropogenic emissions estimated for three different scenarios with current anthropogenic emissions indicates a reduction of these emissions in 2035 up to 85 % for the best-case scenario. Two global chemical transport models (GLEMOS and ECHMERIT) have been used for the evaluation of future mercury pollution levels considering future emission scenarios. Projections of future changes in mercury deposition on a global scale simulated by these models for three anthropogenic emissions scenarios of 2035 indicate a decrease in up to 50 % deposition in the Northern Hemisphere and up to 35 % in Southern Hemisphere for the best-case scenario. The EU GMOS project has proved to be a very important research instrument for supporting the scientific justification for the Minamata Convention and monitoring of the implementation of targets of this convention, as well as the EU Mercury Strategy. This project provided the state of the art with regard to the development of the latest emission inventories for mercury, future emission scenarios, dispersion modelling of atmospheric mercury on a global and regional scale, and source–receptor techniques for mercury emission apportionment on a global scale.
ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENTS IN OBLIQUE AERIAL IMAGES FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Ostrowski W.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Oblique aerial images have been a source of data for urban areas for several years. However, the accuracy of measurements in oblique images during this time has been limited to a single meter due to the use of direct -georeferencing technology and the underlying digital elevation model. Therefore, oblique images have been used mostly for visualization purposes. This situation changed in recent years as new methods, which allowed for a higher accuracy of exterior orientation, were developed. Current developments include the process of determining exterior orientation and the previous but still crucial process of tie point extraction. Progress in this area was shown in the ISPRS/EUROSDR Benchmark on Multi-Platform Photogrammetry and is also noticeable in the growing interest in the use of this kind of imagery. The higher level of accuracy in the orientation of oblique aerial images that has become possible in the last few years should result in a higher level of accuracy in the measurements of these types of images. The main goal of this research was to set and empirically verify the accuracy of measurements in oblique aerial images. The research focused on photogrammetric measurements composed of many images, which use a high overlap within an oblique dataset and different view angles. During the experiments, two series of images of urban areas were used. Both were captured using five DigiCam cameras in a Maltese cross configuration. The tilt angles of the oblique cameras were 45 degrees, and the position of the cameras during flight used a high grade GPS/INS navigation system. The orientation of the images was set using the Pix4D Mapper Pro software with both measurements of the in-flight camera position and the ground control points (measured with GPS RTK technology). To control the accuracy, check points were used (which were also measured with GPS RTK technology). As reference data for the whole study, an area of the city-based map was used. The archived results were referred to image orientation accuracy and to the ground sampling distance of the used images. The results show that the recent development of image orientation methods for oblique aerial images allow these images to be used for high quality photogrammetric measurements.
THE POTENTIAL OF LIGHT LASER SCANNERS DEVELOPED FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES – THE REVIEW AND ACCURACY
Authors: Pilarska M. , Ostrowski W. , Bakuła K. , Górski K. , Kurczyński Z.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Modern photogrammetry and remote sensing have found small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to be a valuable source of data in various branches of science and industry (e.g., agriculture, cultural heritage). Recently, the growing role of laser scanning in the application of UAVs has also been observed. Laser scanners dedicated to UAVs consist of four basic components: a laser scanner (LiDAR), an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver and an on-board computer. The producers of the system provide users with detailed descriptions of the accuracies separately for each component. However, the final measurement accuracy is not given. This paper reviews state-of-the-art of laser scanners developed specifically for use on a UAV, presenting an overview of several constructions that are available nowadays. The second part of the paper is focussed on analysing the influence of the sensor accuracies on the final measurement accuracy. Mathematical models developed for Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) accuracy analyses are used to estimate the theoretical accuracies of different scanners with conditions typical for UAV missions. Finally, the theoretical results derived from the mathematical simulations are compared with an experimental use case.
3D SURVEYING, MODELING AND GEO-INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE NEW
CAMPUS OF ITB-INDONESIA
Authors: Suwardhi D. , Trisyanti S. W. , Ainiyah N. , Fajri M. N. , Hanan H. , Virtriana R. , Edmarani A. A.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The new campus of ITB-Indonesia, which is located at Jatinangor, requires good facilities and infrastructures to supporting all of campus activities. Those can not be separated from procurement and maintenance activities. Technology for procurement and maintenance of facilities and infrastructures –based computer (information system)– has been known as Building Information Modeling (BIM). Nowadays, that technology is more affordable with some of free software that easy to use and tailored to user needs. BIM has some disadvantages and it requires other technologies to complete it, namely Geographic Information System (GIS). BIM and GIS require surveying data to visualized landscape and buildings on Jatinangor ITB campus. This paper presents the on-going of an internal service program conducted by the researcher, academic staff and students for the university. The program including 3D surveying to support the data requirements for 3D modeling of buildings in CityGML and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data model. The entire 3D surveying will produce point clouds that can be used to make 3D model. The 3D modeling is divided into low and high levels of detail modeling. The low levels model is stored in 3D CityGML database, and the high levels model including interiors is stored in BIM Server. 3D model can be used to visualized the building and site of Jatinangor ITB campus. For facility management of campus, an geo-information system is developed that can be used for planning, constructing, and maintaining Jatinangor ITB’s facilities and infrastructures. The system uses openMAINT, an open source solution for the Property & Facility Management.
O envolvimento do paciente na segurança do cuidado: revisão integrativa
Authors: Silva Thaynara De Oliveira , Bezerra Ana Lúcia Queiroz , Paranaguá Thatianny Tanferri de Brito , Teixeira Cristiane Chagas
Published: October 2016

Trata-se de revisão integrativa que objetivou levantar as estratégias adotadas pelas instituições de saúde, que envolvem o paciente no cuidado, como barreira para a prevenção de incidentes. Realizou-se busca nas bases MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL e PUBMED, utilizando os descritores “segurança do paciente”, “iatrogenia”, “erro médico” e “envolvimento”. Incluíram-se publicações na íntegra, entre 2003 e março de 2016, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol ou português. Constatou-se que a comunicação efetiva e o desenvolvimento da autonomia do paciente são as estratégias mais defendidas. O nível de evidência dos estudos se limitaram a quatro e seis. A avaliação ou descrição de práticas institucionais que envolvem o paciente na sua segurança emerge como lacuna do conhecimento científico. O impacto desta revisão está em constatar a necessidade de estudos randomizados para identificar intervenções efetivas, direcionando as instituições de saúde para a mudança da cultura organizacional, com foco na segurança e no cuidado centrado no paciente.
A enfermagem no manejo da dor em unidades de atendimento de urgência e emergência
Authors: Oliveira Paulo Eduardo Pires de , Pereira Lilian Varanda , Santos Nilde Resplandes , Souza Layz Alves Ferreira
Published: October 2016

A enfermagem deve manejar a dor no atendimento em urgência e emergência, baseando-se em evidências científicas, mas isso parece apresentar obstáculos. Objetivou-se identificar e analisar as estratégias de manejo da dor e as barreiras para sua utilização entre as categorias profissionais da enfermagem nos serviços de urgência e emergência. Revisão integrativa, com buscas no LILACS, SciVerse Scopus, PUBMED e na literatura cinzenta do Google acadêmico. Foram selecionados 15 artigos publicados entre 2012 e 2015.  A enfermagem avaliou as características da dor por meio de anamnese e uso de instrumentos. As intervenções restringiram-se prioritariamente às farmacológicas, apontando a necessidade de associá-las às não farmacológicas. A monitorização da dor ainda é incipiente. Os profissionais necessitam avançar no uso de instrumentos válidos para avaliação, intervenção e monitoramento da dor, com o propósito de vencer as barreiras que profissionais, clientes e gerentes das unidades de urgência e emergência encontram para sistematizar o seu manejo.
A Critical Discourse Study of a German Children’s Book Series: Representation of Social Actors and Construction of Legitimation
Authors: Leung Ray C. H.
Published: October 2016

Among practitioners of critical discourse studies (CDS), German storybooks for children are relatively unexplored in comparison with storybooks targeted at the Anglophone communities. In this study, I investigated a German children’s book series called Siggi Blitz. Containing a total of 23 639 words, this series comprises twelve storybooks which were released between 2013 and 2014. Focus was given to the discursive representation of characters and the legitimation strategies used to convey ideologies. Specifically, I would like to explore how female and male characters are represented. To this end, two analytic frameworks from van Leeuwen (1996, 2007, 2008)—the Social Actor Theory and the discursive construction of legitimation—were employed. The findings indicate that gender stereotyping is pervasive in the storybooks. For instance, on the dimension of “categorization,” female characters tend to be represented by reference to their physical appearance (viz., “physical identification”) while male characters are regularly associated with their occupations (viz., “functionalization”). Analysis of the legitimation strategies used demonstrates that “rationalization” is the most frequent form of legitimation. “Rationalization” has two functions in the storybooks: (i) to justify acceptable and/or unacceptable behaviors; (ii) to mark the utility of common artifacts. Furthermore, it was found that “role model authority” is exclusively applied to male characters, echoing the findings regarding gender stereotyping in the earlier part of the study. Given the “socializing” nature of storybooks for children, the present study reveals that awareness in relation to the representation of gender has to be increased among story contributors.
CUROC y mancomunidad del Valle de Sesecapa: una alianza para llevar la UNAH a Ocotepeque
Authors: Cerros Loris Lesli , Quiel Pedro Antonio , Navarro Sonia Carolina
Published: October 2016

El hecho de contribuir a mejorar los índices de cobertura en el nivel de la educación superior y hacer que más jóvenes con méritos académicos tengan acceso a la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), motivó a que las autoridades municipales de varias alcaldías que conforman el Valle de Sesecapa en el occidente del país, las fuerzas vivas de esa zona y el Centro Universitario Regional de Occidente (CUROC), sumaran esfuerzos para poner a funcionar el Telecentro UNAH-CUROC Ocotepeque, que actualmente beneficia a más de 100 jóvenes de ese sector del territorio hondureño.El Telecentro de la UNAH en Ocotepeque, inició con la solicitud para la creación de un Instituto Tecnológico Superior, que las fuerzas vivas de la zona de occidente, plantearon al CUROC, como nodo central de la red educativa de la UNAH en el occidente del país. A esta iniciativa se sumó la Asociación de Municipios del Valle de Sesecapa (AMVAS).La renovación del compromiso social de la UNAH con la sociedad, la experiencia exitosa de la puesta en funcionamiento de un Telecentro en Gracias, Lempira, por parte del CUROC y la responsabilidad asumida por las municipalidades de Ocotepeque, Concepción, Santa Fe y Sinuapa y sus ciudadanos, mostró a través de esta experiencia del Telecentro de Ocotepeque, que el esfuerzo mancomunado de la academia, los gobiernos locales y la sociedad civil aseguran la respuestas a las necesidades socioeconómicas y culturales de las comunidades.Al 2014, ese esfuerzo permitió que 87 jóvenes egresados de los distintos colegios de secundaria de Ocotepeque, cursen en el Telecentro de la UNAH en Ocotepeque las carreras de la licenciatura en Pedagogía y el Técnico en Microfinanzas, ambas en modalidad virtual. El proceso y logros de este sueño y trabajo compartido se exponen en el presente artículo.UNAH INNOV@ No 4 2015 pág. 11-18
Estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios: recursos informáticos como estrategia para su evaluación
Authors: Castillo Díaz Marcio Alexander , Mendoza Aly Jorge Luis
Published: October 2016

Los cambios en la sociedad hacen que el proceso educativo esté en constante innovación y movimiento, provocando nuevas concepciones en el rol del docente y estudiante; las tendencias pedagógicas actuales priorizan centrar el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje directamente en el alumno, por tal razón resulta fundamental identificar formas en las cuales se adquiere, procesa y recupera la información, denominado por algunos teóricos de la psicología educativa como Estilos de Aprendizaje.Los estilos de aprendizaje ayudan a los profesores a conocer más sobre los estudiantes a los que enseñan y a desarrollar efectivos modelos de desarrollo curricular, también contribuyen con los estudiantes a identificar la forma de cómo perciben, interaccionan y responden en ambientes de aprendizaje, así como desarrollar y aplicar estrategias que potencien su estilo de aprendizaje y permitan por consiguiente un mejor aprovechamiento académico.El objetivo del presente estudio es describir los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje que presentan los estudiantes de primer ingreso en la UNAH y realizar una caracterización de los mismos en función del género y áreas del conocimiento a que pertenece cada uno. El instrumento utilizado fue el Modelo VARK en línea (Flemming & Mills) el cual evalúa estilos de aprendizaje desde una modalidad sensorial basado en las categorías: Visual, Auditivo, Lecto-Escritura y Kinestésico. Para tal efecto, se aplicó la versión en línea de dicho instrumento, la cual se socializó a través de una herramienta de apoyo a la educación presencial diseñada y elaborada gracias a los cursos brindados por la Dirección de Innovación Educativa: los Blogs Educativos.UNAH INNOV@ No 4 2015 pág. 33-39
PROMOÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO E ENRAIZAMENTO DE MINIESTACAS DE Eucalyptus dunnii POR RIZOBACTÉRIAS E BACTÉRIAS DO FILOPLANO
Authors: Spassin Ana Claudia , Vandresen Paula Burigo , Neves Dyanndra , Garcia Flávio Augusto de Oliveira , Ukan Daniele , Peres Fabiana Schmidt Bandeira
Published: October 2016

O uso de microrganismos com efeito de promotores de crescimento e enraizamento de plantas tem apresentando resultados promissores no desenvolvimento de mudas clonais. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o potencial de isolados de rizobactérias e residentes do filoplano na promoção de crescimento e enraizamento de miniestacas de Eucalyptus dunnii. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 4 x 3, sendo os fatores constituídos por quatro coletas, quatro isolados bacterianos e três métodos de aplicação. Foram avaliados o percentual de sobrevivência das miniestacas na saída da casa de vegetação, casa de sombra e área de pleno sol e, o enraizamento das miniestacas aos 90 dias de idade. A resposta na sobrevivência de mudas na casa de vegetação, sombra e área de pleno sol variaram de acordo com o isolado, forma de aplicação e período de realização da coleta. Não foi observado efeito significativo dos isolados bacterianos sobre o enraizamento das miniestacas. Os isolados bacterianos apresentaram ora efeito benéfico, ora ausência de efeito para a sobrevivência e enraizamento das miniestacas. Por ser o primeiro relato do uso de rizobactérias e residentes de filoplano na promoção de crescimento de E. dunnii há demanda de novos estudos para a confirmação da efetividade destes microrganismos.
POTENCIAL DE ATRAÇÃO DE PESSOAS DOS MUNICÍPIOS NA REGIÃO DO SEGUNDO PLANALTO PARANAENSE
Authors: Schneider Alessandro Vinicios , Hosokawa Roberto Tuyoshy , Timofeiczyk Junior Romano , Berger Ricardo
Published: October 2016

Os deslocamentos de passageiros no transporte coletivo intermunicipal de uma determinada região representam um padrão de fluxo ou de interação entre os municípios, sendo que essas relações proporcionam uma dinâmica regional. No estudo observaram-se especificamente os municípios de Telêmaco Borba, Ortigueira, Sapopema, Curiúva, Figueira, São Jerônimo da Serra, Imbaú, Reserva, Tibagi e Ventania. Para a aplicação da modelagem proposta por Isard (1975), se utilizou das distâncias entre os municípios em estudo, suas respectivas populações e os fluxos de passageiros observados, que ocorreram no ano de 2010, no transporte coletivo intermunicipal. Os Fluxos Observados (Iij) no transporte coletivo intermunicipal são diretamente proporcionais ao tamanho das massas (Pi) e inversamente proporcionais a distância que as separa, e pode ser expressa por uma força central, atrativa, hierarquicamente organizada pelo tamanho das populações e as distâncias que as separa. O município que apresentou maior Potencial de Atração (Vi) de pessoas foi Telêmaco Borba, seguido de Reserva, Ortigueira, Tibagi, Curiúva.
THE RUNOFF’S BEHAVIOR TO DIFFERENT LAND USES IN WATERSHEDS AT NORTHWESTERN PARANA, BRAZIL
Authors: Costa Filho Lysias Vellozo , Rizzi Nivaldo Eduardo
Published: October 2016

The study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of the forestry ecosystem on the maintenance of the hydrological processes, which participated on soil’s erosion. Aimed to support the land use planning and soil’s erosion control works. The work was done through of a simulated rainfall experiment replicated on three watersheds of the Northwest region of the State of Paraná, into four land uses. The experiment was developed by comparing the runoff’s behavior of the land uses: forest and three agricultural crops (coffee, cassava and pasture). The results showed greatest infiltration coefficient for soils under forest, with significant difference to other land uses studied. These differences showed that unit area with forest cover resulted in 9,71 times less runoff than area with pasture, 7,86 times less runoff than area with coffee, and 5,56 times less runoff than area with cassava. The results show the forest’s potentiality to improve the infiltration processes, showing responses that virtually are not possible to be superseded by the management practices adopted on the other cropping systems studied. The study, to define the range of the forest’s effect on its environment, is characterized as essential to planning of the forest cover regarding to size area, and spatial distribution.
Comparative analysis of Klafki and Heimann's didactic models
Authors: Bojović Žana , Purić Daliborka
Published: October 2016

A comparative analysis of Klafki's didactic thinking which is based on an analysis of different kinds of theories on the nature of education and Heimann's didactic which is based on the theory of teaching and learning shows that both are dealing with teaching in its entirety. Both authors emphasize the role of contents, methods, procedures and resources for material and formal education and both use anthropological and social reality as their starting point. According to Klafki, resources, procedures, and methods are in form of dependency where it is important to know what and why should something be learnt, whereas Heimann sees the same elements in the form of interdependency. Each of the didactic conceptions, from their point of view, define the position of goals and tasks in education as well as how to achieve them. Determination and formulation of objectives is a complex, responsible, and very difficult task, and a goal must be clearly defined, because it emanates the guidelines for the preparation of didactic methodology educational programs and their planning. The selection of content in didactic methodology scenarios of education and learning, are only possible if the knowledge, skills and abilities that are necessary for a student to develop are explicitly indicated. The question of educational goals is the main problem of didactics for only a clearly defined objective implicates the selection of appropriate methods and means for its achievement, and it should be a permanent task of the current didactic conception now and in the future.
Serbian and Albanian toponyms of the village Oslare near Bujanovac
Authors: Jašović Golub
Published: October 2016

This paper deals with the toponymy of the Oslare village. Oslare is located just five kilometers south of Bujanovac. The settlement has been founded on the left bank of the Moravica River, that is, on the western side of the Belgrade - Skoplje highway and on the very border of Vranjsko Pomoravlje and Presevo Moravica. The village residents are of Serbian and Albanian origins. Some of the Serbs are locals and some migrated to Oslare from Kosovsko Pomoravlje as well as from the nearby villages. Albanians migrated to Oslare from Albania and other areas. Among Albanian residents are also Serbs who took Islam. Most of them took the name Taci but there are other families as well. The main concern of this paper is the recording of the Oslare toponymy. This is achieved through conversation with both Serbian and Albanian residents in both Serbian and Albanian languages. We have also analyzed semantics of the collected toponymes and their function in the everyday use. We tried to compare toponymes used by Serbs, who speak Serbian language (southmoravian dialect) and Albanians, both of those who are of Serbian origins and of those who migrated from Albania.
Sidonius Apollinaris: The letter to his friend Turnus (Introd. article, transl. and comment. E.V. Litovchenko)
Authors: Litovčenko Elena
Published: October 2016

This research contains the introductory article, translation and commentary on one of the letters of Gallo-Roman nobleman and bishop Sidonius Apollinaris. The author analyzes the situation in the Roman world in the fifth century AD, on the eve of the fall of the Western Roman Empire, focusing on the spiritual component. The author links the changes in the minds of the intellectual elite of the Late Roman society with the strengthening of Christianity. As one of the most important tendency of the Late Antiqity's considered the senatorial aristocracy striving to take holy orders, and act as a pastor. The wide spread of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire, the decline of the role of the senate, the weakening of the central government in the provinces are dealt as an incentives for the development of the mentioned trend. In the article is also charactered the written heritage of Sidonius Apollinaris, which includes poetry and a collection of letters addressed to his friends, acquaintances and colleagues - priests and bishops. The final part of this work is devoted to a translation of the twenty-fourth letter of the fourth book, addressed to Turnus, an acquaintance of Sidonius and to commentary on the text.
Stylistic features of narrative procedure in a psychological short story in the context of teaching interpretation
Authors: Stakić Mirjana
Published: October 2016

The paper investigates the stylistic features of narrative procedure in a psychological short story in the context of its interpretation in the teaching of the Serbian language and literature. The narrative procedure in a psychological short story is characterized by the use of the first person in narrating, that is I form, an interior monologue and direct interior monologue, dreams, oversights and introspective. It is also characterized by a particular sentence structure, of often incomplete and elliptical form, used to express the conflicts going on in characters' inner sphere and verbal interaction between the characters. The narrative procedure applied in a psychological short story indicates that its plot is subdued to the internal psychological experiences. During the interpretation of a psychological short story students, through the interpretation of stylistic and narrative procedures, are directed and encouraged to discover complex and often hidden psychological mechanisms which spur the characters to act, influence their behavior, verbal expression and mutual relations. The interpretation of language signs which may have psychological and semantic potential leads to the revealing of unconscious internal psychological processes and mechanisms which take place within a literary character.
Jumping to Quadratic Models
Authors: Gunter Devon
Published: October 2016

A hands-on approach to studying quadratic functions emphasizes the engineering design process.
Original Recipes for Matrix Multiplication
Authors: Hallman-Thrasher Allyson , Litchfield Erin T. , Dael Kevin E.
Published: October 2016

Frozen custard recipes are the starting point for students to derive and explain a method for multiplying matrices.
Exploring Klein Bottles through Pottery: A Steam Investigation
Authors: Smith Christopher E. , Paré Jana N.
Published: October 2016

Mathematics and art share perspective and prominence in this collaborative learning experience.
Permutations, Combinations, and Circular Seating Arrangements
Authors: Edwards Richard A.
Published: October 2016

A counting problem in the context of circular seating arrangements extends our understanding of permutations, combinations, and recursions with connections to Stirling numbers and factorial polynomials.
Questioning the Order of Operations
Authors: Dupree Kami M.
Published: October 2016

Abandon mnemonics and make stronger connections between the operations and properties of arithmetic.
Football Field Mathematics
Authors: Metz James
Published: October 2016

Students analyze football plays.
Surgical Excision of Heterotopic Ossification Leads to Re-Emergence of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Populations Responsible for Recurrence
Authors: Agarwal Shailesh , Loder Shawn , Cholok David , Li John , Breuler Chris , Drake James , Brownley Cameron , Peterson Joshua , Li Shuli , Levi Benjamin
Published: October 2016

Trauma-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs after severe musculoskeletal injuries and burns, and presents a significant barrier to patient rehabilitation. Interestingly, the incidence of HO significantly increases with repeated operations and after resection of previous HO. Treatment of established heterotopic ossification is challenging because surgical excision is often incomplete, with evidence of persistent heterotopic bone. As a result, patients may continue to report the signs or symptoms of HO, including chronic pain, nonhealing wounds, and joint restriction. In this study, we designed a model of recurrent HO that occurs after surgical excision of mature HO in a mouse model of hind-limb Achilles’ tendon transection with dorsal burn injury. We first demonstrated that key signaling mediators of HO, including bone morphogenetic protein signaling, are diminished in mature bone. However, upon surgical excision, we have noted upregulation of downstream mediators of osteogenic differentiation, including pSMAD 1/5. Additionally, surgical excision resulted in re-emergence of a mesenchymal cell population marked by expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) and present in the initial developing HO lesion but absent in mature HO. In the recurrent lesion, these PDGFRα+ mesenchymal cells are also highly proliferative, similar to the initial developing HO lesion. These findings indicate that surgical excision of HO results in recurrence through similar mesenchymal cell populations and signaling mechanisms that are present in the initial developing HO lesion. These results are consistent with findings in patients that new foci of ectopic bone can develop in excision sites and are likely related to de novo formation rather than extension of unresected bone.
Determination of Quality Characteristics of Kundhi Buffalo Bull Semen
Authors: Asmatullah Kaka  , Akeel Ahmed Memon  , Pershotam Khatri  , Hamzo Khan Kumbhar  , Dildar Hussain Kalhoro  , Mansoor Tariq  , Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado  , Ahmed Nawaz Tunio
Published: October 2016

The objective of present study was to investigate the quality characteristics of semen collected from kundhi bulls. Semen was collected by an artificial vagina and transported into laboratory immediately for evaluation. Total of 96 (Twenty four from each bull) semen the samples were evaluated and found creamy white. The mean (±SEM) were mass activity (+++), volume (2.25 ± 0.01 ml), pH (6.10 ± 0.007), progressive motility (69 ± 0.34%,) sperm concentration (1542 ± 9.20x106/ml), morphology (79 ± 1.37%) and sperm membrane (55.56 ± 1.37%) respectively. Non-significant (P>0.05) difference between the bulls for the characteristics except percentages morphology and sperm membrane where a significant (P
Cooperación universitaria para el desarrollo en Makeni (Sierra Leona)
Authors: Perea Moreno Luis , García Fernández Natalia , Salas Ruiz Adela
Published: October 2016

El crecimiento acelerado de las ciudades medias africanas de menos de 500.000 habitantes, representa el principal desafío urbano del momento a nivel mundial. Su desarrollo implicará, en las próximas décadas, un notable incremento de suelo urbano en los países en vías de desarrollo. La falta de recursos, de un marco normativo adecuado, de profesionales en planificación urbana y los déficits de habitabilidad ya existentes en estos entornos, son realidades que evidencian, entre otras, la urgencia de articular un importante esfuerzo colectivo. El planeamiento urbano y territorial convencional no es capaz de responder a estos retos en tiempo y escala. Por una parte, por la velocidad vertiginosa de la progresiva toma de tierra y el incesante crecimiento de la población y, por otra, por la dificultad que supone para la población asumir propuestas de planificación con visos de futuro en contextos en los que no existe cultura en planeamiento. Así entre Madrid (España) y Makeni (Sierra Leona) surge una experiencia en la que la Universidad y la Cooperación al Desarrollo emergen como elementos críticos de fortalecimiento institucional y formativo. La colaboración entre Universidades (USPCEU-UNIMAK), es el germen de un proceso de reflexión urbana que implica decididamente al Ayuntamiento y a los principales actores locales de la ciudad.
Multiple Paths to Peace: Public Participation for Transformative and Sustainable Peace Processes
Authors: Herbolzheimer Kristian
Published: October 2016

Mainstream peacemaking is dominated by the assumption that peace is forged at a negotiating table and that a peace agreement will deliver change for the better. But reality suggests a different picture. With limited ownership and legitimacy most peace agreements collapse, and when they don´t their record of implementation remains frustratingly low. This article suggests the need to develop innovative thinking and practice to allow more effective and sustainable peace processes. There is a need for a change of paradigm: to demystify the negotiating table as the core space for deliberation and decision-making and more explicitly acknowledge the importance of parallel or alternative more inclusive spaces and processes of dialogue and agreements on the structural change that will bring transformative peace for society at large. Peace negotiations may be essential for a peace process, but a peace process needs to involve actors and trigger discussions beyond the negotiating table. There are multiple paths to peace, all of them important.
Relato de una experiencia: La Maranya, una escuela de democracia ciudadana con jóvenes
Authors: Aguirre García-Carpintero Arecia
Published: October 2016

El siguiente artículo busca difundir una experiencia asocia- tiva enmarcada por la autogestión juvenil en el municipio de Benicàssim. Contamos cómo nace el centro cívico La Maranya y cuál es la ideología desde la que trabaja. La acción de esta asociación surge a partir del tra- bajo en el tiempo libre y de ocio como herramienta educativa. El centro parte de la participación cívica y democrática, el aprendizaje directo y el interés por los problemas de la sociedad para generar una escuela ciu- dadana de convivencia igualitaria. Este espacio trabaja con las jóvenes y los jóvenes como ciudadanas y ciudadanos activos conectados interge- neracionalmente con otros colectivos que lo conforman dentro de unos valores de progreso y participación social.
Dolerse, que siempre es escribir de otra manera
Authors: Félix Ana Paula , Gómez Negrete Luis
Published: October 2016

Reseña del libro Dolerse. Textos desde un país herido de Cristina Rivera Garza (Surplus ediciones, México, 2015).
Una introducción a la estética modal
Authors: Claramonte Arrufat Jordi
Published: October 2016

Este artículo trata de precisar aquello que tienen en común las obras de arte clásicas, las intervenciones de arte de contexto y los fusiles de asalto. Mi propuesta es que las tres tienen que lograr un compromiso entre volumen de fuego, precisión de tiro y costes de producción. O, si se prefiere una terminología más pacifica, los tres ponen de manifiesto un modo de relación, un equilibrio dinámico entre lo que cada cual tiene que hacer, lo que puede hacer y lo que hace. Entre lo Necesario, lo Posible y lo Efectivo.
Disidencias artísticas en Ciudad Juárez. Prácticas colaborativas en contextos de violencia.
Authors: Méndez Llopis Carles
Published: October 2016

Ciudad Juárez, como tantas otras regiones mexicanas, ha sido violentada por múltiples y heterogéneas acciones delictivas que se han sumado al desconcierto y hartazgo de una sociedad con autoridades sin dimensión pública, que siguen ahogadas en su incapacidad e insuficiencia surrealista. Una urdimbre complejizada por su estado fronterizo con Estados Unidos, que la hace, a su vez, ser ciudad-puente, un espacio para el nomadismo y el tránsito de residentes, de ideas, de contactos, etc. Un contexto en el que, si bien las élites políticas y económicas son ofensivas al bien común, los ciudadanos concentran sus esfuerzos en cultivar la habitabilidad y la cohesión urbana, en dar sentido a la vivencia y memoria colectiva, y en ocupar sus centros para hacer de Ciudad Juárez algo más que una simple escenografía vacía.  Insertos en estos movimientos de reconstrucción se posicionan diversos colectivos y agentes artísticos que tomando la metrópoli como proyecto y soporte de sus estrategias van integrando nuevas dimensiones humanas y ciudadanas a través de la sensibilidad. La presentación y el texto abordarán las diferentes tácticas de estos dispositivos de activación urbana.
A systematic review of measures of HIV/AIDS stigma in paediatric HIV‐infected and HIV‐affected populations
Authors: McAteer Carole Ian , Truong Nhan‐Ai Thi , Aluoch Josephine , Deathe Andrew Roland , Nyandiko Winstone M , Marete Irene , Vreeman Rachel Christine
Published: October 2016

Introduction

HIV‐related stigma impacts the quality of life and care management of HIV‐infected and HIV‐affected individuals, but how we measure stigma and its impact on children and adolescents has less often been described.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of studies that measured HIV‐related stigma with a quantitative tool in paediatric HIV‐infected and HIV‐affected populations.

Results and discussion

Varying measures have been used to assess stigma in paediatric populations, with most studies utilizing the full or variant form of the HIV Stigma Scale that has been validated in adult populations and utilized with paediatric populations in Africa, Asia and the United States. Other common measures included the Perceived Public Stigma Against Children Affected by HIV, primarily utilized and validated in China. Few studies implored item validation techniques with the population of interest, although scales were used in a different cultural context from the origin of the scale.

Conclusions

Many stigma measures have been used to assess HIV stigma in paediatric populations, globally, but few have implored methods for cultural adaptation and content validity.
Active suppression of a leaf meristem orchestrates determinate leaf growth
Authors: Alvarez John Paul , Furumizu Chihiro , Efroni Idan , Eshed Yuval , Bowman John L
Published: October 2016

Leaves are flat determinate organs derived from indeterminate shoot apical meristems. The presence of a specific leaf meristem is debated, as anatomical features typical of meristems are not present in leaves. Here we demonstrate that multiple NGATHA (NGA) and CINCINNATA-class-TCP (CIN-TCP) transcription factors act redundantly, shortly after leaf initiation, to gradually restrict the activity of a leaf meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana to marginal and basal domains, and that their absence confers persistent marginal growth to leaves, cotyledons and floral organs. Following primordia initiation, the restriction of the broadly acting leaf meristem to the margins is mediated by the juxtaposition of adaxial and abaxial domains and maintained by WOX homeobox transcription factors, whereas other marginal elaboration genes are dispensable for its maintenance. This genetic framework parallels the morphogenetic program of shoot apical meristems and may represent a relic of an ancestral shoot system from which seed plant leaves evolved.
An event map of memory space in the hippocampus
Authors: Deuker Lorena , Bellmund Jacob LS , Navarro Schröder Tobias , Doeller Christian F
Published: October 2016

The hippocampus has long been implicated in both episodic and spatial memory, however these mnemonic functions have been traditionally investigated in separate research strands. Theoretical accounts and rodent data suggest a common mechanism for spatial and episodic memory in the hippocampus by providing an abstract and flexible representation of the external world. Here, we monitor the de novo formation of such a representation of space and time in humans using fMRI. After learning spatio-temporal trajectories in a large-scale virtual city, subject-specific neural similarity in the hippocampus scaled with the remembered proximity of events in space and time. Crucially, the structure of the entire spatio-temporal network was reflected in neural patterns. Our results provide evidence for a common coding mechanism underlying spatial and temporal aspects of episodic memory in the hippocampus and shed new light on its role in interleaving multiple episodes in a neural event map of memory space.
Unique membrane properties and enhanced signal processing in human neocortical neurons
Authors: Eyal Guy , Verhoog Matthijs B , Testa-Silva Guilherme , Deitcher Yair , Lodder Johannes C , Benavides-Piccione Ruth , Morales Juan , DeFelipe Javier , de Kock Christiaan PJ , Mansvelder Huibert D , Segev Idan
Published: October 2016

The advanced cognitive capabilities of the human brain are often attributed to our recently evolved neocortex. However, it is not known whether the basic building blocks of the human neocortex, the pyramidal neurons, possess unique biophysical properties that might impact on cortical computations. Here we show that layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons from human temporal cortex (HL2/3 PCs) have a specific membrane capacitance (Cm) of ~0.5 µF/cm2, half of the commonly accepted 'universal' value (~1 µF/cm2) for biological membranes. This finding was predicted by fitting in vitro voltage transients to theoretical transients then validated by direct measurement ofCmin nucleated patch experiments. Models of 3D reconstructed HL2/3 PCs demonstrated that such lowCmvalue significantly enhances both synaptic charge-transfer from dendrites to soma and spike propagation along the axon. This is the first demonstration that human cortical neurons have distinctive membrane properties, suggesting important implications for signal processing in human neocortex.
The isolated voltage sensing domain of the Shaker potassium channel forms a voltage-gated cation channel
Authors: Zhao Juan , Blunck Rikard
Published: October 2016

Domains in macromolecular complexes are often considered structurally and functionally conserved while energetically coupled to each other. In the modular voltage-gated ion channels the central ion-conducting pore is surrounded by four voltage sensing domains (VSDs). Here, the energetic coupling is mediated by interactions between the S4-S5 linker, covalently linking the domains, and the proximal C-terminus. In order to characterize the intrinsic gating of the voltage sensing domain in the absence of the pore domain, the Shaker Kv channel was truncated after the fourth transmembrane helix S4 (Shaker-iVSD). Shaker-iVSD showed significantly altered gating kinetics and formed a cation-selective ion channel with a strong preference for protons. Ion conduction in Shaker-iVSD developed despite identical primary sequence, indicating an allosteric influence of the pore domain. Shaker-iVSD also displays pronounced 'relaxation'. Closing of the pore correlates with entry into relaxation suggesting that the two processes are energetically related.
Effects of chirp of pump pulses on broadband terahertz pulse spectra generated by optical rectification
Authors: Hamazaki Junichi , Furusawa Kentaro , Sekine Norihiko , Kasamatsu Akifumi , Hosako Iwao
Published: October 2016

The effects of the chirp of the pump pulse in broadband terahertz (THz) pulse generation by optical rectification (OR) in GaP were systematically investigated. It was found that the pre-compensation for the dispersion of GaP is important for obtaining smooth and single-peaked THz spectra as well as high power-conversion efficiency. It was also found that an excessive amount of chirp leads to distortions in THz spectra, which can be quantitatively analyzed by using a simple model. Our results highlight the importance of accurate control over the chirp of the pump pulse for generating broadband THz pulses by OR.
Effects of drain doping concentration on switching characteristics of tunnel field-effect transistor inverters
Authors: Kwon Dae Woong , Kim Jang Hyun , Park Byung-Gook
Published: October 2016

In order to investigate the effects of the modulation of drain doping concentration (N
drain) on alternating current (AC) switching characteristics of a tunnel filed-effect transistor (TFET) inverter, the characteristics of TFETs with various N
drains are analyzed rigorously through mixed-mode device and circuit TCAD simulations. As the N
drain gets decreased, the drain current (I
D) becomes reduced and the gate-to-drain capacitance (C
GD) reflects the entire gate capacitance (C
GG) at a lower gate voltage (V
G), which leads to the degradation of falling/rising delay in TFET inverters. These phenomena are explained successfully by the change of quasi-Fermi energy in the drain (E
F_drain) as a function of V
G. The E
F_drain rises dramatically from when tunneling current starts to flow from the source in the n-type TFET with low N
drain. As a result, drain-side channel inversion occurs at a lower V
G due to the reduction of the energy barrier between the E
F_drain and the conduction band edge of the channel.