bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of a Nanoemulsion of Cardamom Essential Oil on the Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Carcass Characteristics, and Health Status of Growing Rabbits under a High Ambient Temperature
Authors: Ismail Rehab F. S. A. , Hassan Mahmoud A. E. , Moustafa Mahmoud , Al-Shehri Mohammed , Alazragi Reem S. , Khojah Hanan , El-Raghi Ali Ali , Abdelnour Sameh A. , Gad Alaa M. A.
Published: September 2023

Recently, nanotechnology approaches have been employed to enhance the solubility, availability, and efficacy of phytochemicals, overcoming some industrial obstacles and natural biological barriers. In this regard, 120 clinically healthy growing V-line rabbits (5 weeks old) reared during the summer season were divided randomly into four equal experimental groups (30 rabbits each). The first group received a basal diet without the supplementation of the nanoemulsion of cardamom essential oil (NCEO) (0 g/kg diet) and served as a control (NCEO 0). The other groups were given diets containing NCEO at levels of 150 (NCEO 150), 300 (NCEO 300), and 600 (NCEO 600) mg/kg diet, respectively. The growth performance (higher LBW and ADG), feed utilization (lower FCR), dressing percentage, and relative weight of the liver were improved significantly in the NCEO-treated groups compared to the control group. Moreover, the dietary treatment significantly decreased the rectum temperature and respiration rate, minimizing the 350 and 325 mg NECO/kg diets. The erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while white blood cells were significantly diminished (p = 0.0200) in the NCEO300 and NCEO600 groups compared to the control group. Treatment with 300 or 600 mg NCEO/kg significantly increased the blood serum total protein and albumin compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the liver enzymes (AST and ALT), uric acid, and creatinine concentrations decreased significantly in the NCEO300 group compared to the control group. The concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol were reduced significantly by the dietary treatment. The total antioxidant capacity, dismutase activity, and glutathione concentration were significantly higher, while the malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels were significantly lower in the NCEO300 group than in the control. The inflammatory responses and immunity statuses were improved in the blood serum of the NCEO-treated rabbits compared to the control. Heat-stress-induced pathological perturbations in renal/hepatic tissues and NCEO co-treatment successfully re-established and recovered near-control renal–hepatic morphology. In conclusion, a dietary supplementation of NCEO (300 mg/kg) could effectively enhance growing rabbits’ growth indices, feed efficiency, redox balance, immunity, and inflammatory responses during the summer.
Development of a Cat Behaviour Issues Assessment Scale (CABIAS) Assessing Problem Behaviours in Cats
Authors: McPeake Kevin , Sparkes Andrew , Billy Charlotte , Endersby Sarah , Collin Jean François , De Jaeger Xavier
Published: September 2023

Problem behaviours in cats, such as urine marking, scratching, fear, and problems of cohabitation between cats, can present a potential welfare problem for those affected cats and have a negative impact on the human–animal bond. The aim of this study was to develop a Cat Behaviour Issues Assessment Scale (CABIAS) for caregivers to assess these common problem behaviours in cats, and to investigate aspects of the validity and reliability of the CABIAS. The CABIAS uses an index score as a scoring system combining aspects of the frequency and intensity of the problem behaviour. An electronic survey was developed, and 384 households, each with two participants able to observe the cat’s behaviour, were recruited for the study. The participants were asked to record their cat’s behaviour independently at weekly intervals over a 6-week period. A FELIWAY Optimum diffuser (containing a commercial feline pheromone complex) was provided to half of the participants, to be used during part of the study. The participants were subdivided into four groups according to whether a problem behaviour was present (or not) and whether the pheromone diffuser was provided (or not). The results demonstrated that the index scores for each problem behaviour had very high inter-rater reliability. There was a high correlation between the index scores and the impact the problem behaviours had on the caregivers. In those cats with a declared problem behaviour where the product was used, a reduction in index scores was observed over the duration of the study. The CABIAS was shown to exhibit satisfactory validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change in the current study, suggesting that it may be valuable as a tool for assessing and monitoring scratching, inter-cat cohabitation, urine marking, and fear in cats. The CABIAS could be used by veterinarians and behaviourists to assess these problem behaviours in individual cats and monitor responses to treatment. The CABIAS could also be considered as a research tool to assess the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving these problems.
Improving Collaborative Filtering Recommendations with Tag and Time Integration in Virtual Online Communities
Authors: Jo Hyeon , Hong Jong-hyun , Choeh Joon Yeon
Published: September 2023

In recent years, virtual online communities have experienced rapid growth. These communities enable individuals to share and manage images or websites by employing tags. A collaborative tagging system (CTS) facilitates the process by which internet users collectively organize resources. CTS offers a plethora of useful information, including tags and timestamps, which can be utilized for recommendations. A tag represents an implicit evaluation of the user’s preference for a particular resource, while timestamps indicate changes in the user’s interests over time. As the amount of information increases, it is feasible to integrate more detailed data, such as tags and timestamps, to improve the quality of personalized recommendations. The current study employs collaborative filtering (CF), which incorporates both tag and time information to enhance recommendation precision. A computational recommender system is established to generate weights and calculate similarities by incorporating tag data and time. The effectiveness of our recommendation model was evaluated by linearly merging tag and time data. In addition, the proposed CF method was validated by applying it to big data sets in the real world. To assess its performance, the size of the neighborhood was adjusted in accordance with the standard CF procedure. The experimental results indicate that our proposed method significantly improves the quality of recommendations compared to the basic CF approach.
Nutritional Value, Physical Properties, and Sensory Quality of Sugar-Free Cereal Bars Fortified with Grape and Apple Pomace
Authors: Blicharz-Kania Agata , Vasiukov Kostiantyn , Sagan Agnieszka , Andrejko Dariusz , Fifowska Weronika , Domin Marek
Published: September 2023

Cereal bars are so-called convenience foods. Consumers value these products as a healthier alternative to traditional chocolate bars. Since these snacks usually contain added dried fruit, they have high potential for the utilisation of waste materials from the fruit industry. The study aimed to determine the effect of fortification of cereal bars with grape and apple pomace on their nutritional value, physical properties, and sensory quality. The control recipe was modified by replacing 10 or 20 g of sultanas with apple or grape pomace. The fortification with these food by-products resulted in a significant increase in the moisture content of the products, an increase in soluble fibre content, and a decrease in the level of antioxidant compounds. The strength of the cereal bars supplemented with grape and apple pomace increased. In addition, the panellists noticed a colour difference compared to the unmodified product (2 < ΔE < 5). A positive effect of the addition of the fruit pomace on the visual characteristics of the cereal bars was also observed. No changes were observed in the tastiness of the product. On the other hand, the aroma of the modified products and the texture of the bars containing the apple residue were less acceptable. In conclusion, cereal bars containing grape pomace and up to 10 g of apple pomace are characterised by high soluble dietary fibre content and desirable sensory and mechanical properties and are therefore recommended for industrial production.
Runway Pavement Structural Analysis Using Remote Laser Doppler Vibrometers
Authors: Yang Ge , Zhao Xindong , Tian Yu , Li Lingjie
Published: September 2023

Structural analysis is crucial for airfield pavement evaluation and plays a critical role in ensuring airfield operation safety and efficiency. Traditionally, the evaluation has relied on the Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD) test. This method encounters challenges, including interruptions in airfield operations, limited coverage of inspection locations, and extensive time required for data collection and analysis. In the presented research, a remote method for the measurement and analysis of runway pavement structural deflection induced by transiting aircraft was introduced, employing a Remote Laser Doppler Vibrometer (RLDV). First, a test system was developed to acquire deflection measurements of airport pavements using RLDV. To address inaccuracies arising from minor angle measurements and fixed-end beam vibrations, vibration correction methods were developed and validated. Thereafter, a linear regression model was constructed using data from both RLDV and HWD measurements, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.94. This correlation highlights the reliable utility of RLDV in analyzing pavement structural response. The objective of this research is to present a novel approach for the evaluation of pavement structural performance.
Geodynamic Aspects of Magnetic Data Analysis and Tectonic–Paleomagnetic Mapping in the Easternmost Mediterranean: A Review
Authors: Eppelbaum Lev V. , Katz Youri I. , Ben-Avraham Zvi
Published: September 2023

The Easternmost Mediterranean is a transition region from the ocean to the continent where the spreading and collision zones of the lithospheric plates join. The methodology of paleomagnetic mapping of the transition zones is based on combining geological and geophysical techniques for continental and oceanic platforms: magnetic data interpretation, paleomagnetic reconstructions, results of magnetized rock radiometric dating, satellite data analysis, tectonic–structural reconstructions, biogeographical studies, and utilization of different geophysical survey results. The satellite-derived gravity map reflects practically all significant tectonic units in the region, which assists us in the supposed paleomagnetic mapping. The satellite-derived and aeromagnetic maps with the tectonic features and the map of Curie discontinuity of Israel indicate the complexity of this region. Advanced magnetic data analysis supported by paleomagnetic data attraction and other geological–geophysical methods allowed the revealing of the block of oceanic crust with the Kiama paleomagnetic zone relating to the Early Permian age. A narrow reversely magnetized Earth crust block was revealed in the Lower Galilee. Some examples of advanced magnetic anomaly analysis are presented for several areas where the magnetization vector inclination is other than the modern direction: the Sea of Galilee, Carmel, Rosh-Ha-Ayin, Malqishon, and Hebron. In Israeli land, for the combined paleomagnetic mapping, the well-studied using paleomagnetic and radiometric methods (as well as tectonic–structural) areas were selected: (1) Makhtesh Ramon, (2) the Sea of Galilee with the adjoining zones, (3) Carmel, (4) Hula, and (5) Hermon. It is shown that the regional analysis of paleomagnetic data distribution played an essential role in detecting the influence of the recently recognized counterclockwise rotating mantle structure on the near-surface layers.
Multi-Scale Concurrent Topology Optimization Based on BESO, Implemented in MATLAB
Authors: Kazakis Georgios , Lagaros Nikos D.
Published: September 2023

In multi-scale topology optimization methods, the analysis encompasses two distinct scales: the macro-scale and the micro-scale. The macro-scale refers to the overall size and dimensions of the structural domain being studied, while the micro-scale pertains to the periodic unit cell that constitutes the macro-scale. This unit cell represents the entire structure or component targeted for optimization. The primary objective of this research is to present a simplified MATLAB code that addresses the multi-scale concurrent topology optimization challenge. This involves simultaneously optimizing both the macro-scale and micro-scale aspects, taking into account their interactions and interdependencies. To achieve this goal, the proposed approach leverages the Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) method. The formulation introduced in this study accommodates both cellular and composite materials, dealing with both separate volume constraints and the utilization of a single volume constraint. By offering this simplified formulation and harnessing the capabilities of the multi-scale approach, the research aims to provide valuable insights into the concurrent optimization of macro- and micro-scales. This advancement contributes to the field of topology optimization and enhances its applications across various engineering disciplines.
Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Levels in TBM Tunnel Construction with Diesel Locomotives Based on Directive 2017/164/EU
Authors: Garcia-Gonzalez Hector , Rodriguez Rafael , Bascompta Marc
Published: September 2023

Directive 2017/164/EU proposed a drastic reduction of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels, thereby fortifying the health protection framework within the mining industry. Despite the commendable record of non-road emissions standards (Stage IV and V) in continuing to reduce NOx emissions, concerns remain about compliance with the directive’s strict limits, particularly in demanding tunnels and mining fields. To illustrate this problem, this study undertakes a comprehensive assessment of the practical feasibility surrounding the implementation of these proposed limits in a 6.2 internal diameter tunnel-boring machine (TBM) tunnel constructed with Stage III emission locomotives. The results cast light upon the formidable challenges entailed in achieving strict compliance with the envisioned limits, with a substantial number of measurements notably surpassing these thresholds, primarily concerning NO2 emissions from Stage III engines. To address these challenges, this study highlights the key role of moving to Stage IV-V locomotives or introducing electric locomotives to effectively reduce NOx emissions, ensure compliance with the directive, and avoid delays in tunnel construction.
Determination of Corrosion Rate in Galvanized Pipes in Centralized Hot Water Supply Systems
Authors: Makisha Nikolay , Chukhin Valentin
Published: September 2023

To counteract possible corrosion, steel pipes are coated with a protective layer of zinc with a thickness of 20 to 85 microns, depending on the requirements of regulatory documentation. It is proven that hot-deposited zinc can effectively protect steel surfaces for 20 to 120 years. However, in centralized hot water supply (CHWS) systems, the period of protective action can decrease to two to three years, with further damage to the zinc layer and the appearance of fistulas. In order to counteract adverse factors, it is necessary to take into account the operating mode and design features of the system, the properties of the coating, and the environment in which the pipes operate. In this article, the main attention is paid to the study of the behavior of zinc coating. The protective properties and corrosion rate of zinc coating in tap water were evaluated. It was established that the protective effect of zinc is effectively manifested in the ratio of the protected area to the unprotected, as SZn/SFe ≥ 9:1. The influence of iron-containing sediment, when it accumulates in the pipes of a CHWS system, on the corrosion rate of the zinc coating was studied. It was also noted that the corrosion rates of the new zinc coating and uncoated steel pipe measured in short-term tests differed slightly.
Deep Learning and Long-Duration PRPD Analysis to Uncover Weak Partial Discharge Signals for Defect Identification
Authors: Chen Chien-Hsun , Chou Chih-Ju
Published: September 2023

This study focuses on improving the defect recognition accuracy under weak partial discharges (PDs) in epoxy resin through phase-resolved partial discharge (PRPD) analysis. The method is to refine the data rather than enhance the algorithm. Two measurement conditions are compared until PRPD pattern saturation is achieved: one-minute and one-hour durations. The PD data specifically target three void types located at different positions within the epoxy material. The aim is to evaluate how the presence of weak PDs at the PD extinction voltage (PDEV) influences defect recognition accuracy. This research sheds light on the potential implications of neglecting the significance of weak PD signals in defect detection. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model is trained using PRPD data recorded at the repetitive PD inception voltage (RPDIV) and tested using the new PRPD data from both conditions recorded from a lower PDIV to a PDEV. The trained CNN model achieves a defect recognition accuracy of 100% for a one-hour duration, highlighting the importance of not neglecting weak PD signals. This emphasizes the significance of extended measurement duration and pattern saturation in capturing and analyzing weak PD signals for an improved defect recognition. This study contributes to the advancement of practical applications by understanding the behavior of the epoxy material and enhancing defect detection techniques.
Cumulative Entropy of Past Lifetime for Coherent Systems at the System Level
Authors: Shrahili Mansour , Kayid Mohamed
Published: September 2023

This paper explores the cumulative entropy of the lifetime of an n-component coherent system, given the precondition that all system components have experienced failure at time t. This investigation utilizes the system signature to compute the cumulative entropy of the system’s lifetime, shedding light on a crucial facet of a system’s predictability. In the course of this research, we unearth a series of noteworthy discoveries. These include formulating expressions, defining bounds, and identifying orderings related to this measure. Further, we propose a technique to identify a preferred system on the basis of cumulative Kullback–Leibler discriminating information, which exhibits a strong relation with the parallel system. These findings contribute significantly to our understanding of the predictability of a coherent system’s lifetime, underscoring the importance of this field of study. The outcomes offer potential benefits for a wide range of applications where system predictability is paramount, and where the comparative evaluation of different systems on the basis of discriminating information is needed.
On the Kalman Smoother Interpolation Error Distribution in Collocation Comparison of Atmospheric Profiles
Authors: Fassò Alessandro , Keernik Hannes , Rannat Kalev
Published: September 2023

The intercomparison between different atmospheric monitoring systems is key for instrument calibration and validation. Common cases involve satellites, radiosonde and atmospheric model outputs. Since instruments and/or measures are not perfectly collocated, miss-collocation uncertainty must be considered in related intercomparison uncertainty budgets. This paper is motivated by the comparison of GNSS-RO, the Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation, with ERA5, the version 5 Reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts. We consider temperature interpolation observed at GNSS-RO pressure levels to the ERA5 levels. We assess the interpolation uncertainty using as ‘truth’ high-resolution reference data obtained by GRUAN, the Reference Upper-Air Network of the Global Climate Observing System. In this paper, we propose a mathematical representation of the interpolation problem based on the well-known State-space model and the related Kalman filter and smoother. We show that it performs the same (sometimes better) than linear interpolation and, in addition, provides an estimate of the interpolation uncertainty. Moreover, with both techniques, the interpolation error is not Gaussian distributed, and a scaled Student’s t distribution with about 4.3 degrees of freedom is an appropriate approximation for various altitudes, latitudes, seasons and times of day. With our data, interpolation uncertainty results larger at the equator, the Mean Absolute Error being MAE≅0.32 K, and smaller at a high latitude, MAE≅0.21 K at −80° latitude. At lower altitudes, it is close to the measurement uncertainty, with MAE<0.2 K below the tropopause. Around 300 hPa, it starts increasing and reaches about 0.8 K above 100 hPa, except at the equator, where we observed MAE about 1 K.
A Novel Asynchronous Brain Signals-Based Driver–Vehicle Interface for Brain-Controlled Vehicles
Authors: Lian Jinling , Guo Yanli , Qiao Xin , Wang Changyong , Bi Luzheng
Published: September 2023

Directly applying brain signals to operate a mobile manned platform, such as a vehicle, may help people with neuromuscular disorders regain their driving ability. In this paper, we developed a novel electroencephalogram (EEG) signal-based driver–vehicle interface (DVI) for the continuous and asynchronous control of brain-controlled vehicles. The proposed DVI consists of the user interface, the command decoding algorithm, and the control model. The user interface is designed to present the control commands and induce the corresponding brain patterns. The command decoding algorithm is developed to decode the control command. The control model is built to convert the decoded commands to control signals. Offline experimental results show that the developed DVI can generate a motion control command with an accuracy of 83.59% and a detection time of about 2 s, while it has a recognition accuracy of 90.06% in idle states. A real-time brain-controlled simulated vehicle based on the DVI was developed and tested on a U-turn road. Experimental results show the feasibility of the DVI for continuously and asynchronously controlling a vehicle. This work not only advances the research on brain-controlled vehicles but also provides valuable insights into driver–vehicle interfaces, multimodal interaction, and intelligent vehicles.
Novel Biomarkers and Imaging Indices for the “Vulnerable Patient” with Carotid Stenosis: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Kadoglou Nikolaos , Moulakakis Konstantinos G. , Mantas George , Spathis Aris , Gkougkoudi Evangelia , Mylonas Spyridon N. , Kakisis John , Liapis Christos
Published: September 2023

Background: We investigated the relationship of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and Gray-Scale Median (GSM) score with the severity and vulnerability of carotid atherosclerosis and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during follow-up of carotid artery revascularization. Methods: We enrolled 262 patients undergoing carotid revascularization therapy (GRT), 109 asymptomatic patients with low-grade carotid stenosis (40–70%) receiving conservative treatment (GCT), and 92 age- and sex-matched control subjects without carotid atherosclerosis (GCO). All participants underwent carotid ultrasound and we assessed at baseline clinical parameters, metabolic profile, CAVI, GSM, and circulating levels of hsCRP, MMP-3,-7,-9, and TIMP-1. Results: Both GRT and GCT presented with elevated CAVI, MMPs, and TIMP-1 levels compared to GCO (p < 0.001). The escalation highly correlated to the presence of symptoms or paralleled the degree of carotid stenosis (p < 0.001). During follow-up (mean duration: 55 months), 51 GRT patients experienced MACE unrelated to the revascularization procedure. Within GRT, diabetes (HR: 2.07; CI: 1.55–2.78, p < 0.001), smoking (HR: 1.67; CI: 1.35–1.95, p < 0.001), high CAVI (HR: 1.22; CI: 1.09–1.43, p = 0.023) and MMP-9 (HR: 1.44; CI: 1.29–2.15, p = 0.005), and low GSM (HR: 1.40; CI: 1.16–2.12, p = 0.002) independently predicted MACE occurrences, despite the optimum medical therapy. Conclusions: Novel imaging and biochemical biomarkers were positively associated with atherosclerosis severity, while CAVI, MMP-9, and low GSM showed a positive, independent relationship with MACE after carotid revascularization, describing “vulnerable patients”.
Unraveling the Functional Significance of Unstructured Regions in G Protein-Coupled Receptors
Authors: Maggio Roberto , Fasciani Irene , Petragnano Francesco , Coppolino Maria Francesca , Scarselli Marco , Rossi Mario
Published: September 2023

Unstructured regions in functional proteins have gained attention in recent years due to advancements in informatics tools and biophysical methods. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a large family of cell surface receptors, contain unstructured regions in the form of the i3 loop and C-terminus. This review provides an overview of the functional significance of these regions in GPCRs. GPCRs transmit signals from the extracellular environment to the cell interior, regulating various physiological processes. The i3 loop, located between the fifth and sixth transmembrane helices, and the C-terminus, connected to the seventh transmembrane helix, are determinant of interactions with G proteins and with other intracellular partners such as arrestins. Recent studies demonstrate that the i3 loop and C-terminus play critical roles in allosterically regulating GPCR activation. They can act as autoregulators, adopting conformations that, by restricting G protein access, modulate receptor coupling specificity. The length and unstructured nature of the i3 loop and C-terminus provide unique advantages in GPCR interactions with intracellular protein partners. They act as “fishing lines”, expanding the radius of interaction and enabling GPCRs to tether scaffolding proteins, thus facilitating receptor stability during cell membrane movements. Additionally, the i3 loop may be involved in domain swapping between GPCRs, generating novel receptor dimers with distinct binding and coupling characteristics. Overall, the i3 loop and C-terminus are now widely recognized as crucial elements in GPCR function and regulation. Understanding their functional roles enhances our comprehension of GPCR structure and signaling complexity and holds promise for advancements in receptor pharmacology and drug development.
Recent Progresses in Optical Biosensors for Interleukin 6 Detection
Authors: Majdinasab Marjan , Lamy de la Chapelle Marc , Marty Jean Louis
Published: September 2023

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is pleiotropic cytokine with pathological pro-inflammatory effects in various acute, chronic and infectious diseases. It is involved in a variety of biological processes including immune regulation, hematopoiesis, tissue repair, inflammation, oncogenesis, metabolic control, and sleep. Due to its important role as a biomarker of many types of diseases, its detection in small amounts and with high selectivity is of particular importance in medical and biological fields. Laboratory methods including enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) and chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs) are the most common conventional methods for IL-6 detection. However, these techniques suffer from the complexity of the method, the expensiveness, and the time-consuming process of obtaining the results. In recent years, too many attempts have been conducted to provide simple, rapid, economical, and user-friendly analytical approaches to monitor IL-6. In this regard, biosensors are considered desirable tools for IL-6 detection because of their special features such as high sensitivity, rapid detection time, ease of use, and ease of miniaturization. In this review, current progresses in different types of optical biosensors as the most favorable types of biosensors for the detection of IL-6 are discussed, evaluated, and compared.
Nanomaterials and Their Recent Applications in Impedimetric Biosensing
Authors: Štukovnik Zala , Fuchs-Godec Regina , Bren Urban
Published: September 2023

Impedimetric biosensors measure changes in the electrical impedance due to a biochemical process, typically the binding of a biomolecule to a bioreceptor on the sensor surface. Nanomaterials can be employed to modify the biosensor’s surface to increase the surface area available for biorecognition events, thereby improving the sensitivity and detection limits of the biosensor. Various nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and graphene oxide nanoparticles, have been investigated for impedimetric biosensors. These nanomaterials have yielded promising results in improving sensitivity, selectivity, and overall biosensor performance. Hence, they offer a wide range of possibilities for developing advanced biosensing platforms that can be employed in various fields, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. This review focuses on the recent developments in nanoparticle-functionalized electrochemical-impedimetric biosensors.
Unpacking the Drivers of Dissatisfaction and Satisfaction in a Fitness Mobile Application
Authors: Kim Minseong , Lee Sae-Mi
Published: September 2023

This research investigates the factors influencing user satisfaction and dissatisfaction in fitness mobile applications. It employs Herzberg’s two-factor model through text mining to classify Fitbit mobile app attributes into satisfiers and dissatisfiers. The Fitbit app was chosen due to its prevalence in the United States. The study analyzes 100,000 English reviews from the Fitbit app on the Google Play Store, categorizing attributes. It identifies three dissatisfying categories (functional, compatibility, paid services) and three satisfying categories (gratification, self-monitoring, self-regulation), comprising 25 sub-attributes. This classification offers in-depth insights into what drives user contentment or discontent with fitness apps. The findings contribute to the fitness app domain by applying text-mining and Herzberg’s model. Researchers can build upon this foundation, and practitioners can use it to enhance app experiences. However, this research relies on user reviews, often lacking comprehensive explanations. This limitation may hinder a profound understanding of the underlying psychological aspects in user sentiments. Nonetheless, this study takes strides toward optimizing fitness apps for users and developers.
The Influence of a Girls’ Health and Well-Being Program on Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Physical Activity Enjoyment
Authors: Walters Kellie , Chard Chrissy , Castro Esmeralda , Nelson Devin
Published: September 2023

Adolescent girls report low physical activity levels and poor body image and self-esteem. This study evaluated the impact of a girls’ health intervention on body image, self-esteem, and physical activity enjoyment. The intervention was grounded in self-determination theory, resulting in lessons designed to promote autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The two primary components of the intervention included opportunities for girls to learn about resistance training as well as ways to improve their psychosocial health (i.e., body image, self-esteem, and physical activity enjoyment). Girls (n = 590), in the intervention (Mage = 12.79, SD = 0.69) and control group (Mage = 12.92, SD = 0.73), completed pre and post measures. A repeated measures MANOVA was conducted to assess changes in body image, self-esteem, and physical activity enjoyment. The intervention resulted in a significant increase in body esteem-appearance, F = 9.23, p = 0.003, and body esteem-weight, F = 4.77, p = 0.029, and a greater, non-significant, increase in self-esteem (3.22%), and physical activity enjoyment (4.01%) compared to the control group. This highlighted the use of the intervention for significant improvements in appearance and weight-related body image. The results support implementing psychosocial lessons, as well as physical activity, in health programming for girls.
Development and Validation of the Interpersonal Motivational Systems Questionnaire (IMS-Q)
Authors: Esposito Rosario , Prevete Stefania , Esposito Concetta , Bacchini Dario
Published: September 2023

Framed within the evolutionary framework, the Interpersonal Motivational System (IMS) theory suggests that eight distinct motivational impulses drive interpersonal human relationships, namely caregiving, social affiliation, attachment, rank-dominance, rank-submission, social play, cooperation, and sexuality. This theory has been widely applied in clinical practice, where psychopathology is viewed as the result of non-flexible or excessive activation of one system over another. Despite its clinical relevance, empirical studies aimed at measuring IMSs are scarce. This paper contributed to filling this gap by proposing a questionnaire to measure individuals’ activation of the eight IMSs. Two studies involving large samples of adults were conducted. The first study (N = 455; 76.5% females) concerned the development of the questionnaire and examination of its content validity through explorative factor analysis. In the second study (N = 635; 54.8% females), confirmatory factor analyses were performed to further refine and confirm the instrument’s factor structure. The final version consisted of 50 items. Empirical validity was established by investigating the correlations between the eight IMSs and other related measures (i.e., personality traits, human basic values, and attachment dimensions). The findings suggest that the IMS framework can be used to understand individual differences in motivation and behavior in different social contexts.
Data Analysis of Psychological Approaches to Soccer Research: Using LDA Topic Modeling
Authors: Lee Jea Woog , Han Doug Hyun
Published: September 2023

This study identifies the topical areas of research that have attempted a psychological approach to soccer research over the last 33 years (1990–2022) and explored the growth and stagnation of the topic as well as research contributions to soccer development. Data were obtained from 1863 papers from the Web of Science database. The data were collected through keyword text mining and data preprocessing to determine the keywords needed for analysis. Based on the keywords, latent Dirichlet allocation-based topic modeling analysis was performed to analyze the topic distribution of papers and explore research trends by topic area. The topic modeling process included four topic area and fifty topics. The “Coaching Essentials in Football” topic area had the highest frequency, but it was not statistically identified as a trend. However, coaching, including training, is expected to continue to be an important research topic, as it is a key requirement for success in the highly competitive elite football world. Interest in the research field of “Psychological Skills for Performance Development” has waned in recent years. This may be due to the predominance of other subject areas rather than a lack of interest. Various high-tech interventions and problem-solving attempts are being made in this field, providing opportunities for qualitative and quantitative expansion. “Motivation, cognition, and emotion” is a largely underrated subject area in soccer psychology. This could be because survey-based psychological evaluation attempts have decreased as the importance of rapid field application has been emphasized in recent soccer-related studies. However, measuring psychological factors contributes to the study of football psychology through a new methodology and theoretical background. Recognizing the important role of psychological factors in player performance and mental management, as well as presenting new research directions and approaches that can be directly applied to the field, will advance soccer psychology research.
Predicting Risk of Severe Toxicity and Early Death in Older Adult Patients Treated with Chemotherapy
Authors: Feliu Jaime , Custodio Ana Belén , Pinto-Marín Alvaro , Higuera Oliver , Pérez-González Miriam , del Pino Laura , Ruiz-Jiménez Leticia , Sánchez-Cabero Darío , Viera Isabel , Jurado Ana , Espinosa Enrique
Published: September 2023

Background: Determining the risk of grade 3–5 toxicity and early death (ED) is important to plan chemotherapy in older adult patients with cancer. Our objective was to identify factors predicting these complications at the time of treatment initiation. Methods: 234 patients aged ≥70 were subjected to a geriatric assessment and variables related to the tumor and the treatment were also collected. Logistic regression multivariable analysis was used to relate these factors with the appearance of grade 3–5 toxicity and ED. Predictive scores for both toxicity and ED were then developed. Results: Factors related to grade 3–5 toxicity were hemoglobin, MAX2 index, ADL, and the CONUT score. Factors related to ED were tumor stage and the GNRI score. Two predictive scores were developed using these variables. ROC curves for the prediction of toxicity and ED were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.64–0.78) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68–0.79), respectively. Conclusions: Two simple and reliable scores were developed to predict grade 3–5 toxicity and ED in older adult patients with cancer. This may be helpful in treatment planning.
An Observatory for the MET Oncogene: A Guide for Targeted Therapies
Authors: Altintas Dogus M. , Comoglio Paolo M.
Published: September 2023

The MET proto-oncogene encodes a pivotal tyrosine kinase receptor, binding the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, also known as scatter factor, SF) and governing essential biological processes such as organogenesis, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. The pleiotropic physiological functions of MET explain its diverse role in cancer progression in a broad range of tumors; genetic/epigenetic alterations of MET drive tumor cell dissemination, metastasis, and acquired resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. Therefore, targeting MET emerged as a promising strategy, and many efforts were devoted to identifying the optimal way of hampering MET signaling. Despite encouraging results, however, the complexity of MET’s functions in oncogenesis yields intriguing observations, fostering a humbler stance on our comprehension. This review explores recent discoveries concerning MET alterations in cancer, elucidating their biological repercussions, discussing therapeutic avenues, and outlining future directions. By contextualizing the research question and articulating the study’s purpose, this work navigates MET biology’s intricacies in cancer, offering a comprehensive perspective.
NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Potentially New Therapeutic Target of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Exosomes in the Treatment of Inflammatory Eye Diseases
Authors: Harrell Carl Randall , Djonov Valentin , Antonijevic Ana , Volarevic Vladislav
Published: September 2023

Due to their potent immunoregulatory and angio-modulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes (MSC-Exos) have emerged as potential game-changers in regenerative ophthalmology, particularly for the personalized treatment of inflammatory diseases. MSCs suppress detrimental immune responses in the eyes and alleviate ongoing inflammation in ocular tissues by modulating the phenotype and function of all immune cells that play pathogenic roles in the development and progression of inflammatory eye diseases. MSC-Exos, due to their nano-sized dimension and lipid envelope, easily bypass all barriers in the eyes and deliver MSC-sourced bioactive compounds directly to target cells. Although MSCs and their exosomes offer a novel approach to treating immune cell-driven eye diseases, further research is needed to optimize their therapeutic efficacy. A significant number of experimental studies is currently focused on the delineation of intracellular targets, which crucially contribute to the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of MSCs and MSC-Exos. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induces programmed cell death of epithelial cells, induces the generation of inflammatory phenotypes in eye-infiltrated immune cells, and enhances the expression of adhesion molecules on ECs facilitating the recruitment of circulating leukocytes in injured and inflamed eyes. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge about signaling pathways that are responsible for NLRP3 inflammasome-driven intraocular inflammation and we emphasize molecular mechanisms that regulate MSC-based modulation of NLRP3-driven signaling in eye-infiltrated immune cells, providing evidence that NLRP3 inflammasome should be considered a potentially new therapeutic target for MSCs and MSC-Exo-based treatment of inflammatory eye diseases.
Emerging Roles of Ubiquitination in Biomolecular Condensates
Authors: Liang Peigang , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Bo
Published: September 2023

Biomolecular condensates are dynamic non-membrane-bound macromolecular high-order assemblies that participate in a growing list of cellular processes, such as transcription, the cell cycle, etc. Disturbed dynamics of biomolecular condensates are associated with many diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Extensive efforts have been devoted to uncovering the molecular and biochemical grammar governing the dynamics of biomolecular condensates and establishing the critical roles of protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in this process. Here, we summarize the regulatory roles of ubiquitination (a major form of cellular PTM) in the dynamics of biomolecular condensates. We propose that these regulatory mechanisms can be harnessed to combat many diseases.
Cognitive Functions, Neurotransmitter Alterations, and Hippocampal Microstructural Changes in Mice Caused by Feeding on Western Diet
Authors: Custodio Raly James Perez , Hobloss Zaynab , Myllys Maiju , Hassan Reham , González Daniela , Reinders Jörg , Bornhorst Julia , Weishaupt Ann-Kathrin , Seddek Abdel-latif , Abbas Tahany , Friebel Adrian , Hoehme Stefan , Getzmann Stephan , Hengstler Jan G. , van Thriel Christoph , Ghallab Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. It is becoming increasingly evident that peripheral organ-centered inflammatory diseases, including liver diseases, are linked with brain dysfunctions. Therefore, this study aims to unravel the effect of MASLD on brain histology, cognitive functions, and neurotransmitters. For this purpose, mice fed for 48 weeks on standard (SD) or Western diet (WD) were evaluated by behavioral tests, followed by sacrifice and analysis of the liver-brain axis including histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical analyses. Histological analysis of the liver showed features of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) in the WD-fed mice including lipid droplet accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. This was accompanied by an elevation of transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities, increase in inflammatory cytokine and bile acid concentrations, as well as altered amino acid concentrations in the blood. Interestingly, compromised blood capillary morphology coupled with astrogliosis and microgliosis were observed in brain hippocampus of the WD mice, indicating neuroinflammation or a disrupted neurovascular unit. Moreover, attention was impaired in WD-fed mice along with the observations of impaired motor activity and balance, enhanced anxiety, and stereotyped head-twitch response (HTR) behaviors. Analysis of neurotransmitters and modulators including dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, and acetylcholine showed region-specific dysregulation in the brain of the WD-fed mice. In conclusion, the induction of MASH in mice is accompanied by the alteration of cellular morphology and neurotransmitter expression in the brain, associated with compromised cognitive functions.
Sedentary Behavior Impacts on the Epigenome and Transcriptome: Lessons from Muscle Inactivation in Drosophila Larvae
Authors: Brener Avivit , Lorber Dana , Reuveny Adriana , Toledano Hila , Porat-Kuperstein Lilach , Lebenthal Yael , Weizman Eviatar , Olender Tsviya , Volk Talila
Published: September 2023

The biological mechanisms linking sedentary lifestyles and metabolic derangements are incompletely understood. In this study, temporal muscle inactivation in Drosophila larvae carrying a temperature-sensitive mutation in the shibire (shi1) gene was induced to mimic sedentary behavior during early life and study its transcriptional outcome. Our findings indicated a significant change in the epigenetic profile, as well as the genomic profile, of RNA Pol II binding in the inactive muscles relative to control, within a relatively short time period. Whole-genome analysis of RNA-Pol II binding to DNA by muscle-specific targeted DamID (TaDa) protocol revealed that muscle inactivity altered Pol II binding in 121 out of 2010 genes (6%), with a three-fold enrichment of genes coding for lncRNAs. The suppressed protein-coding genes included genes associated with longevity, DNA repair, muscle function, and ubiquitin-dependent proteostasis. Moreover, inducing muscle inactivation exerted a multi-level impact upon chromatin modifications, triggering an altered epigenetic balance of active versus inactive marks. The downregulated genes in the inactive muscles included genes essential for muscle structure and function, carbohydrate metabolism, longevity, and others. Given the multiple analogous genes in Drosophila for many human genes, extrapolating our findings to humans may hold promise for establishing a molecular link between sedentary behavior and metabolic diseases.
Bioactive Paper Packaging for Extended Food Shelf Life
Authors: Irimia Anamaria , Popescu Carmen-Mihaela
Published: September 2023

Food safety and quality are major problems for food producers and industry, governments, and consumers. Conventional plastic-based food packaging is difficult to dispose of and recycle due to its provenience from fossil resources and resistance to biodegradation. Therefore, currently, the trend is to develop new eco-friendly food packaging that can replace these materials. The limitations of conventional packaging can be solved by developing new active materials with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, based on cellulose, a natural biodegradable organic compound derived from renewable resources. In this study, new materials with antioxidant and antibacterial activity were obtained by combining a “green” functionalization approach (enzymatic activation) and surface modification using bioactive agents (essential clove oil and cold-pressed grape seed oil). Kraft paper was firstly activated with cellulase, followed by impregnation with the above-mentioned oil solutions, and then its properties were evaluated. The increased values of the O/C ratio for modified Kraft paper indicate an increased polarity due to the presence of phenolic groups. This resulted in an improved hydrophobicity, with the water contact angle increasing from 97° to over 110°. Following different interactions with the functional groups of vegetable oils, the modified Kraft paper exhibited distinct antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, modified paper with clove essential oil showed higher antioxidant activity (due to the higher content of phenolic compounds), while modified paper with cold-pressed grape seed oil had better antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (−), Salmonella enteritidis (−), and Listeria monocytogenes (+) bacterial strains, and was more effective at reducing bacterial growth on fresh beef and fresh curd. The newly obtained bioactive paper provides an effective packaging material that can help control foodborne pathogens in food, thus extending its shelf life and safety.