bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introspecting Scope of Ultra-Diluted Homeopathic Preparations in Human SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Perspective Review
Authors: Das Abhishek , Ghosh Shubhamoy , Das Satadal , Das Sudip Kumar , Ghosh Sayak , Dutta Abhijit , Goswami Pritam
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a zoonotic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its symptoms range from mild fever, cough, pharyngitis to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Since its first outbreak in Wuhan province of China, the disease has spread worldwide and emerged as pandemic. The infection is mainly spread by droplets and through contacts. Initially SARS-CoV-2 was thought to cause viral pneumonia only, but now it is evident that the virus can spread through the bloodstream and can cause systemic lesions as well. Though most of the time patients recovered spontaneously for immune-compromised patients, it is detrimental. Lack of effective therapy in conventional medicine has made host immune response as the only option to focus on this battle against COVID-19. First-world countries such as the USA, Italy, England and Spain have witnessed a massive number of deaths, and India is not an exception to that. The whole world is searching for effective treatment in the form of antiviral drugs, vaccines and hydroxychloroquine, but none has proven effective. Homeopathy has always put a mark during epidemics and in recent past during the elimination of leptospirosis in Cuba (2009–2014), homeopathy was very effective. In this scenario, we think homeopathy has a decisive role to play to fight this pandemic as it can enhance the host immune response and reduce the severity of the infection to a great extent. In this review, we will discuss the scopes of homeopathic medicines in the treatment of coronavirus disease.
Negotiating Unsustainable Food Transformations: Development, Middle Classes and Everyday Food Practices in Vietnam
Authors: Hansen Arve
Published: July 2021

Amidst calls for making food systems more sustainable, new unsustainable food transformations unfold alongside economic development. Explanations for unsustainable food transformations in emerging economies vary greatly, but there is widespread agreement that demand from new middle classes play a crucial role. Yet this demand is to a large extent co-created by systems of provision, and middle-class consumers are constantly navigating food transformations in a search for healthy and safe food. Focusing on Vietnam’s dramatic food transformations, and combining attention to the political economy of food with a social practice approach to consumption, the paper zooms in on the how middle-class households in Hanoi negotiate the rapid transformations of food systems and food environments. The paper concludes that new thinking on sustainable food systems is urgently needed and argues that vital insights can be gained by studying food practices and their interaction with everyday geographies of consumption.
Fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride/silver nanofiber membrane with antibacterial and anti-yellowing property
Authors: Zeng Jun , Wang Han , Chen Xindu , Wu Peixuan , Chen Xin , Tang Yadong , Zhang RongGuang , Feng Liang , Xu Guojie
Published: July 2021

At present, nanofiber antibacterial materials, especially silver antibacterial materials, are one of the most popular antibacterial materials. Nanofiber antibacterial materials are the most widely used materials due to their antibacterial spectrum and persistence. In fact, the storage and anti-yellowing properties of nanofiber antibacterial materials are of great concern in the application of industrial and consumer goods. However, there are few studies on the uniform preparation, storage, and anti-yellowing properties of antibacterial materials. Thus, we prepared nanofiber antibacterial materials by adding surfactants and studied the dispersion and storage time of the spinning solution. After spinning and forming the membrane, we tried to study the fiber morphology and environmental factors prepared by different proportions. Finally, we also tried to study the properties of the nanofiber membrane, such as contact angle, anti-yellowing, and antibacterial property. In a word, we explored the basic rules of material preparation, storage, and yellowing resistance so as to provide guidance for nanofiber antibacterial material industrial production.
Investigation of temperature-dependent conduction mechanism in MnCo2O4/polypyrrole nanocomposites by three-dimensional variable range hopping (3D-VRH) and band-conduction model
Authors: Sutar Rani Ananda , Kumari Latha , M. V. Murugendrappa
Published: July 2021

Nanoparticles of manganese cobalt oxide (MnCo2O4) have been prepared with the hydrothermal method, while nanocomposites of MnCo2O4/polypyrrole (MCO/PPy) have been prepared by dispersing MCO nanoparticles in the PPy matrix by an in situ chemical polymerization method. MCO/PPy nanocomposites' structural characterizations were made by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). XRD and FESEM analyses give evidence that MCO nanoparticles are dispersed uniformly, and there is an effect on crystallinity and particle size. The observed shift in the stretching vibrations of Fourier transform infrared spectra for MCO/PPy nanocomposites confirms the interaction between MCO nanoparticles and PPy. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent (300–453 K) DC conductivity measurements of MCO/PPy nanocomposites depict the presence of different conduction mechanisms. The conductivity data are well fitted by the 3D variable range hopping (3D-VRH) model and the band conduction model at low and high temperatures. The characteristic temperature (T0) calculated from the 3D-VRH and the activation energy (Ea) calculated from the band conduction model support the observed highest conductivity for the 10 wt. % MCO/PPy nanocomposite.
Ferroelectric gate control of Rashba–Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling in ferromagnetic semiconductor (Zn, Co)O
Authors: Fu Maoxiang , Liu Jiahui , Cao Qiang , Zhang Zhen , Liu Guolei , Kang Shishou , Chen Yanxue , Yan Shishen , Mei Liangmo , Sun Zhen-Dong
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we demonstrate the ferroelectric gate control of Rashba–Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling (R–D SOC) in a hybrid heterostructure consisting of a ferromagnetic semiconductor channel (Zn, Co)O(0001) and a ferroelectric substrate PMN-PT(111). The R–D SOC causes a transverse spin current via the charge-spin conversion, which results in unbalanced transverse spin and charge accumulations due to the spin-polarized band in the ferromagnetic (Zn, Co)O channel. By the reversal of gated ferroelectric polarization, we observed 55% modulation of the R–D SOC correlated Hall resistivity to the magnetization correlated anomalous Hall resistivity and 70% modulation of the low-field magnetoresistance at 50 K. Our experimental results pave a way toward semiconductor-based spintronic-integrated circuits with an ultralow power consumption in ferromagnetic semiconductors.
Quantitative analysis of defect states in amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors using photoinduced current transient spectroscopy
Authors: Hong Hyunmin , Jeong Kwang-Sik , Lim Jun Hyung , Son Kyoung Seok , Chung Kwun-Bum
Published: July 2021

The device and defect characteristics of amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (In:Ga:Zn = 1:1:1 at.%) thin-film transistors (TFTs) as a function of the oxygen partial pressure were investigated. It was found that as the oxygen partial pressure increased, the field effect mobility decreased, the threshold voltage saw a positive shift, and this shift of threshold voltage increased under a negative gate bias stress. From our qualitative analysis of defect states below the conduction band, it was found that as the oxygen partial pressure increased, defect states in the shallow levels decreased, while defect states in the deep levels increased. A quantitative analysis of the defect states in the TFT structures was conducted using photoinduced current transient spectroscopy. It was found that as the oxygen partial pressure used during fabrication of the TFTs increased from 0% to 10% to 60%, the defect states in the shallow levels decreased from 2.74 × 1018 to 2.93 × 1017 to 3.55 × 1016 cm−3, while the defect states in the deep levels increased from non-availability to 1.86 × 1016 to 3.25 × 1016 cm−3. As the oxygen partial pressure increased, the decrease in shallow level defect density is strongly related to a decrease in carrier concentration; the increase in deep level defect density affects the mobility and causes device instability.
High purity separation of n-pentane from neopentane using a nano-crystal of zeolite Y
Authors: Nag Shubhadeep , Ananthakrishna G. , Maiti Prabal K. , Subramanian Yashonath
Published: July 2021

A method for the separation of a mixture of n-pentane and neopentane using a nano-crystallite of zeolite Y is reported. This method judiciously combines two well-known, counter-intuitive phenomena, the levitation and the blowtorch effects. The result is that the two components are separated by being driven to the opposite ends of the zeolite column. The calculations are based on the non-equilibrium Monte Carlo method with moves from a region at one temperature to a region at another temperature. The necessary acceptance probability for such moves has been derived here on the basis of stationary solution of an inhomogeneous Fokker–Planck equation. Simulations have been carried out with a realistic and experimentally relevant Gaussian hot zone and also a square hot zone, both of which lead to very good separation. Simulations without the hot zones do not show any separation. The results are reported at a loading of 1 molecule per cage. The temperature of the hot zone is just ∼30 K higher than the ambient temperature. The separation factors of the order of 1017 are achieved using single crystals of zeolite, which are less than 1 μm long. The conditions for including the hot zone may be experimentally realizable in the future considering the rapid advances in nanoscale thermometry. The separation process is likely to be energetically more efficient by several orders of magnitude as compared to the existing methods of separation, making the method very green.
Single-shot x-ray phase-contrast and dark-field imaging based on coded binary phase mask
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Shi Xianbo , Wojcik Michael J. , Rebuffi Luca , Assoufid Lahsen
Published: July 2021

We introduce a coded-mask-based multi-contrast imaging method for high-resolution phase-contrast and dark-field imaging. The method uses a binary phase mask designed to provide an ultra-high-contrast pattern and reference-free single-shot measurement and an algorithm based on maximum-likelihood optimization and automatic differentiation to perform simultaneous reconstruction of absorption, phase, and dark-field object images. Further, we demonstrate that the method has great potential for real-time quantitative phase imaging and wavefront sensing when combined with deep learning.
The effect of substrate temperature on the critical velocity in microparticle impact bonding
Authors: Chaban Ievgeniia , Sun Yuchen , Veysset David , Nelson Keith A. , Schuh Christopher A.
Published: July 2021

A number of nascent coating and micromanufacturing processes involve particles sprayed at a high velocity, which impact a substrate, deform, and adhere. Successful bonding between the particles and the substrate requires impact velocities higher than the so-called critical adhesion velocity. This critical velocity is influenced by the temperature of the substrate, a variable that we isolate in this work by conducting single-particle impacts on a variable-temperature substrate for three systems (Al–Al, Sn–Sn, and Ti–Ti) with particles individually selected within a narrow size distribution. Our results quantitatively connect the increase in substrate temperature to a significant lowering of the critical velocity, which we attribute to the lower dynamic strength of the thermally softened substrate. The data are generally consistent with expectations for bonding being controlled by a hydrodynamic process of jetting upon impact.
High-order harmonic generation in 2D transition metal disulphides
Authors: Iglesias J. M. , Pascual E. , Martín M. J. , Rengel R.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we explore the capabilities of MoS2 and WS2 2D monolayers to produce radiation in the terahertz range by the generation of high-order harmonics. This phenomenon, which is a result of the non-linear response of the electronic carrier population to the applied electric field, is studied by using a particle ensemble stochastic simulation approach based on the Monte Carlo method. The power of the produced harmonic signals is studied against the electric field amplitude, the external temperature, and the frequency of the excitation. Additionally, the stochastic nature of the simulation tool enables us to discern the purely discrete harmonic signal from the background spectral noise that comes from intrinsic carrier velocity fluctuations in the diffusive regime, permitting to set bandwidth thresholds for harmonic extraction. It was found that both TMDs showed similar bandwidth thresholds when compared to the III–V semiconductor at low temperatures, while WS2 would be a far better choice over MoS2 for exploitation of the seventh and ninth harmonic generation.
Insight on the evaporation dynamics in reducing the COVID-19 infection triggered by respiratory droplets
Authors: Kumar Sumit
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the lifetime of coronavirus infected droplets under a stick-slip evaporation mode has been investigated, which may play a pivotal role in reducing the spread of COVID-19 infection. It is showed that the survival time of the virus can be reduced by increasing the receding contact angle or by reducing the initial contact angle of a drop deposited on a solid surface. It has been found that the lifetime of the virus increases almost five times under highly humid conditions as compared to dry conditions. It is further observed that the normalized lifetime does not depend upon thermo-physical properties, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and initial drop volume. A model has been proposed to estimate the shear stress acting on a virus taking into account the effect of a Marangoni flow. The presented model unveils that the magnitude of computed shear stress is not enough to obliterate the virus. The findings of the present model have been discussed in the context of reducing the COVID-19 infection, but the model can also be applied for coughed/sneezed droplets of other infectious diseases. Moreover, this physical understanding of evaporation dynamics on solid surfaces with a stick-slip mode may help in better design of a face mask, PPE kit, and other protective equipment used in public places in order to minimize the chances of infection and tackle the current pandemic. However, the reported model for estimating the survival time of the virus does not consider the effect of the thermo-capillary convection (the Marangoni effect).
Clock proteins regulate spatiotemporal organization of clock genes to control circadian rhythms
Authors: Xiao Yangbo , Yuan Ye , Jimenez Mariana , Soni Neeraj , Yadlapalli Swathi
Published: July 2021

Significance

Almost all living organisms have evolved circadian clocks to tell time. Circadian clocks regulate ∼24-h oscillations in gene expression and control much of our behavior and physiology. Here, we reveal the surprisingly sophisticated spatiotemporal organization of core clock proteins and genes over the circadian cycle and its critical role in circadian clock function. We show that
Drosophila
clock proteins are concentrated in a few discrete foci and that they play a key role in positioning the core clock genes close to the nuclear envelope precisely during the repression phase to control circadian rhythms. These studies provide fundamental insights into cellular mechanisms of circadian rhythms and establish direct links between nuclear organization and circadian rhythms.
EMI and the international branch campus
Authors: Hillman Sara , Graham Keith M. , Eslami Zohreh R.
Published: July 2021

Transnational higher education (TNHE), often based on export models of Western-based universities and driven by neoliberal market economy agendas, has spread across the globe. One example of TNHE is Qatar’s Education City where six prestigious American international branch campuses (IBCs) all administer their degrees through English medium instruction (EMI). While there is a burgeoning amount of research investigating and problematizing issues in EMI higher education institutions, IBCs are a unique EMI setting due to their heavy reliance on importing faculty, staff, curricula and practices from their home campuses. Thus, this study takes an ethnographic case study approach to examine the language planning and policy and linguistic landscape at one IBC in Qatar. Drawing on multiple sources of data, the study reveals both the overt and covert language policies and ideologies of the institution and its various stakeholders, and the extent to which languages other than English are used and accepted.
“Oya let’s go to Nigeria”
Authors: Unuabonah Foluke Olayinka
Published: July 2021

This paper examines five bilingual pragmatic markers: oya, ke, ni, walahi, and
ba, loaned from indigenous Nigerian languages into Nigerian English, with a view to investigating their
sources, meanings, frequencies, spelling stability, positions, collocational patterns and discourse-pragmatic functions. The data
for the study were obtained from the International Corpus of English-Nigeria and the Nigerian component of the Global Web-based
English corpus. These were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, using the theory of pragmatic borrowing. The results show
that oya, ke, and ni are borrowed from Yoruba, walahi is loaned from Arabic
through Hausa and Yoruba while ba is borrowed from Hausa. Oya serves as an attention marker,
ke and ni function as emphasis markers, walahi serves as an emphatic manner
of speaking marker while ba functions as an attention marker and agreement-seeking marker. The study highlights
the influence of indigenous Nigerian languages on the discourse-pragmatic features of Nigerian English.
Are COVID-19 Health-Related and Socioeconomic Stressors associated with Increases in Cannabis use in Individuals who use Cannabis for Recreational Purposes?
Authors: Sznitman Sharon , Rosenberg Dennis , Lewis Nehama
Published: July 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures implemented to mitigate transmission may increase stress, which, in turn, can be associated with changes in cannabis use. This study examined the associations between health-related and socioeconomic stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, and reported increases in cannabis use. Indirect effects of health-related and socioeconomic stressors on increased cannabis use through cannabis coping motives were also tested. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data, based on responses from a convenience sample of 755 Israeli adults who reported frequent consumption of cannabis for recreational purposes, was analyzed using structural equation models. Results: About 35% of the respondents reported that they agreed to a large/very large extent that their cannabis use had increased since the COVID-19 pandemic had started. Both health and socioeconomic stressors were related to increased cannabis use during the pandemic, and coping motives mediated this relationship. The direct and indirect associations of socioeconomic stressors and increased cannabis use were stronger than the associations of health-related stressors. Conclusions: Cannabis consumption may serve as a means of coping with health and socioeconomic COVID-19 stressors. Particular attention should be placed on socioeconomic stressors as these may be particularly important in understanding coping related cannabis use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A TREK inhibitor takes multiple tracks
Authors: Short Ben
Published: July 2021

Single-channel recordings reveal that norfluoxetine inhibits the two-pore domain K+ channel TREK-2 by a complex array of mechanisms.
Cytogenetic follow-up studies on humans with internal and external exposure to ionizing radiation
Authors: Balajee Adayabalam S , Livingston Gordon K , Escalona Maria B , Ryan Terri L , Goans Ronald E , Iddins Carol J
Published: July 2021

Cells exposed to ionizing radiation have a wide spectrum of DNA lesions that include DNA single-strand breaks, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), oxidative base damage and DNA-protein crosslinks. Among them, DSB is the most critical lesion, which when mis-repaired leads to unstable and stable chromosome aberrations. Currently, chromosome aberration analysis is the preferred method for biological monitoring of radiation-exposed humans. Stable chromosome aberrations, such as inversions and balanced translocations, persist in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of radiation-exposed humans for several years and, therefore, are potentially useful tools to prognosticate the health risks of radiation exposure, particularly in the hematopoietic system. In this review, we summarize the cytogenetic follow-up studies performed by REAC/TS (Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training site, Oak Ridge, USA) on humans exposed to internal and external radiation. In the light of our observations as well as the data existing in the literature, this review attempts to highlight the importance of follow-up studies for predicting the extent of genomic instability and its impact on delayed health risks in radiation-exposed victims.
Global smooth solution of 2D temperature-dependent tropical climate model
Authors: Dong Bo-Qing , Li Chaoying , Xu Xiaojing , Ye Zhuan
Published: July 2021

This paper focuses on a two-dimensional tropical climate model with temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal diffusivity. We show that there is a unique global smooth solution to this model with general initial data in the Sobolev class H

s
for any s > 1.
Low-loss belief propagation decoder with Tanner graph in quantum error-correction codes
Authors: Yan Dan-Dan , Fan Xing-Kui , Chen Zhen-Yu , Ma Hong-Yang
Published: July 2021

Quantum error-correction codes are immeasurable resources for quantum computing and quantum communication. However, the existing decoders are generally incapable of checking node duplication of belief propagation (BP) on quantum low-density parity check (QLDPC) codes. Based on the probability theory in the machine learning, mathematical statistics and topological structure, a GF(4) (the Galois field is abbreviated as GF) augmented model BP decoder with Tanner graph is designed. The problem of repeated check nodes can be solved by this decoder. In simulation, when the random perturbation strength p=0.0115–0.0116 and number of attempts N = 60–70, the highest decoding efficiency of the augmented model BP decoder is obtained, and the low-loss frame error rate (FER) decreases to 7.1975 ×10−5. Hence, we design a novel augmented model decoder to compare the relationship between GF(2) and GF(4) for quantum code [[450,200]] on the depolarization channel. It can be verified that the proposed decoder provides the widely application range, and the decoding performance is better in QLDPC codes.
Strain-dependent resistance and giant gauge factor in monolayer WSe2
*
Authors: Qin Mao-Sen , Ye Xing-Guo , Zhu Peng-Fei , Xu Wen-Zheng , Liang Jing , Liu Kaihui , Liao Zhi-Min
Published: July 2021

We report the strong dependence of resistance on uniaxial strain in monolayer WSe2 at various temperatures, where the gauge factor can reach as large as 2400. The observation of strain-dependent resistance and giant gauge factor is attributed to the emergence of nonzero Berry curvature dipole. Upon increasing strain, Berry curvature dipole can generate net orbital magnetization, which would introduce additional magnetic scattering, decreasing the mobility and thus conductivity. Our work demonstrates the strain engineering of Berry curvature and thus the transport properties, making monolayer WSe2 potential for application in the highly sensitive strain sensors and high-performance flexible electronics.
A new direct band gap silicon allotrope o-Si32
Authors: Yang Xin-Chao , Wei Qun , Zhang Mei-Guang , Hu Ming-Wei , Li Lin-Qian , Zhu Xuan-Min
Published: July 2021

Silicon is a preferred material in solar cells, and most of silicon allotropes have an indirect band gap. Therefore, it is important to find new direct band gap silicon. In the present work, a new direct band gap silicon allotrope of o-Si32 is discovered. The elastic constants, elastic anisotropy, phonon spectra, and electronic structure of o-Si32 are obtained using first-principles calculations. The results show that o-Si32 is mechanically and dynamically stable and is a direct semiconductor material with a band gap of 1.261 eV.
Darboux transformation and soliton solutions of a nonlocal Hirota equation
Authors: Xia Yarong , Yao Ruoxia , Xin Xiangpeng
Published: July 2021

Starting from local coupled Hirota equations, we provide a reverse space-time nonlocal Hirota equation by the symmetry reduction method known as the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur scattering problem. The Lax integrability of the nonlocal Hirota equation is also guaranteed by existence of the Lax pair. By Lax pair, an n-fold Darboux transformation is constructed for the nonlocal Hirota equation by which some types of exact solutions are found. The solutions with specific properties are distinct from those of the local Hirota equation. In order to further describe the properties and the dynamic features of the solutions explicitly, several kinds of graphs are depicted.
In vitro study of the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans isolated from human dental caries
Authors: Hamad Arshad Mahdi , Mahmood Atiyea Qanat
Published: July 2021

Dental caries is a public health concern worldwide for which Streptococcus mutans has been reported Known as the potential etiology of infection. In recent years, nanotechnology has applied to Creation of novel material properties. The research was studying the effects of Nanoparticles of Zinc Oxide on Streptococcus mutans isolate from dental caries. In this research, Different ZnO NPs concentrations were studied as its anti-bacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans was isolated from dental caries cases. 27 Streptococcus mutans isolates were obtained, which is equivalent to 20% of the total number of 135 isolates. This nanomaterial was chosen because it has a high affinity for human cells and does not cause harm compared to other nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are those very fine materials that can be produced so that their dimensions or the dimensions of their grains range from (1-100) nanometers, and because of the small size of the nanomaterials, which made them behave differently from large-sized materials whose size exceeds 100 nanometers, and because of the small size of the particles. Nanoparticles, which gave them electrical and magnetic properties that differ from large particles of the same compounds. The well diffusion method and the MIC experiment were conducted, and the results were good, as in the well diffusion method the efficacy increased with increasing the concentration of ZnO NPs. In the MIC experiment, it was observed that MIC in the sixth tube, meaning that the MIC of ZnO NPs towards Streptococcus mutans equals 0. 312 mg / ml.
Study of Corrosion Inhibition for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by a new furan derivative
Authors: Al-mousawi Israa M H , Ahmed Rana S , Kadhim Nafeesa J , Farhan Ahlam M
Published: July 2021

The corrosion inhibition effect of a new furan derivative (furan-2-ylmethyl sulfanyl acetic acid furan-2-ylmethylenehydrazide) on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl was investigated using corrosion potential (ECORR) and potentiodynamic polarization. The obtained results indicated that the new furan derivative (furan-2-ylmethyl sulfanyl acetic acid furan-2-ylmethylenehydrazide) (FSFD) has a promising inhibitive effects on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl across all of the conditions examined. The density functional theory (DFT) study was performed on the new furan derivative (FSFD) at the B3LYP/6-311G (d, p) basis set level to explore the relation between their inhibition efficiency and molecular electronic structure. The final experimental results showed that FSFD act as a good corrosion inhibitor in the acidic solution for mild steel which is in agreement with the results of the theoretical study.
Image Steganography using Dynamic Threshold based on Discrete Cosine Transform
Authors: Taha Namar A , Al Saffar Amna , Abdullatif Alaa A , Abdullatif Firas A
Published: July 2021

The art of preventing the detection of hidden information messages is the way that steganography work. Several algorithms have been proposed for steganographic techniques. A major portion of these algorithms is specified for image steganography because the image has a high level of redundancy. This paper proposed an image steganography technique using a dynamic threshold produced by the discrete cosine coefficient. After dividing the green and blue channel of the cover image into 1*3-pixel blocks, check if any bits of green channel block less or equal to threshold then start to store the secret bits in blue channel block, and to increase the security not all bits in the chosen block used to store the secret bits. Firstly, store in the center of the block and then store another bit in the write or left bit depended on differences between them.

The proposed method was applied to many color images and many measurement terms used to show the efficiency of it. The experiment result showed good result that the PSNR = 53.76, MSE = 0.273, SSIM= 0.999, with embedding rates 0.55
RETRACTED: Impact of Feature Selection for Data Classification Using Naive Bayes Classifier
Authors: Hato Eman
Published: July 2021

In the field of data processing and analysis, the dataset may be a large set of features that restrict data usability and applicability, and thus the dimensions of data sets need to be reduced. Feature selection is the process of removing as much of the redundant and irrelevant features as possible from the original dataset to improve the mining process efficiency. This paper presented a study to evaluate and compare the effect of filter and wrapper methods as feature selection approaches in terms of classification accuracy and time complexity. The Naive Bayes Classifier and three classification datasets from the UCI repository are utilizing in the classification procedure. To investigate the effect of feature selection methods, they are applied to the different characteristics datasets to obtain the selected feature vectors which are then classified according to each dataset category. The datasets used in this paper are the Iris, Ionosphere, and Ovarian Cancer dataset. Experimental results indicate that the filter and wrapper methods provide approximately equal classification accuracy where the average accuracy value of the Ionosphere and Ovarian Cancer dataset is 0.78 and 0.91 for the same selected feature vectors respectively. For Iris dataset, the filter method outperforms the wrapper method by achieving the same accuracy value using only half number of selected features. The results also show that the filter method surpasses when considering the execution time.
Separation Axioms with Grill-Topological Open Set
Authors: Esmaeel R B , Mustafa M O
Published: July 2021

The concepts G-g-closedness and G-g-openness were used to popularize presented modern classes of separation axioms in grill topological spaces. Many relationships between multiple kinds of these classes are summarized, too.
New Exact Operational Shifted Pell Matrices and Their Application in Astrophysics
Authors: Sarhan Mohammed Abdulhadi , Shihab Suha , Kashem Bushra E. , Rasheed Mohammed
Published: July 2021

In this work, the exact operational matrices for shifted Pell polynomials are achievable; so one can integrate and product the vector of basic functions s. The general form of the matrix of integrationPis established, the dual matrix of integrationQis derived with general formulation, and the general form of the matrix derived from the product of two shifted Pell polynomials has been given. This idea is implemented on shifted Pell basis vector. Using such exact matrices, then the resident function of the equation is reached which can be written asR.P(x), whereRis an algebraic equation vector andP(x) is the shifted Pell basis vector. The presented matrices can be utilized to find the approximate solution of differential equations, integral equation and the calculus of variations problems. An investigation for the convergence and error analysis of the proposed shifted Pell expansion is performed. Numerical treatment for problems in physics are included in this work to demonstrate the accuracy, easy to implement as well as accurate and satisfactory results with a small number of shifted Pell basis. Using operational matrices and the spectral technique are used together for solving Lane-Emden equation.
New Normality on Generalized Topological Spaces
Authors: Gasim Suaad G. , Jaafar Mohanad N.
Published: July 2021

A space X is named a πp – normal if for each closed set F and each π – closed set F’ in X with F ∩ F’ = ∅, there are p – open sets U and V of X with U ∩ V = ∅ whereas F ⊆ U and F’ ⊆ V. Our work studies and discusses a new kind of normality in generalized topological spaces. We define ϑπp – normal, ϑ–mildly normal, & ϑ–almost normal, ϑp– normal, & ϑ–mildly p–normal, & ϑ–almost p-normal and ϑπ-normal space, and we discuss some of their properties.
The Understory Herbaceous Vegetation at Tropical Mountain Forest of Mount Bawakaraeng, South Sulawesi
Authors: Wiharto M , Wijaya M , Hamka L , Syamsiah
Published: July 2021

The structure and diversity of understory herb vegetation were studied at Tropical Mountain Forest of Mount Bawakaraeng, South Sulawesi. The study was conducted at two areas. The first area was natural forest (NF) (Site 1). The second area (Site 2) was dominated byPteridium aquilinum(L.) Kuhn ferns andLantana camarashrubs (NP). The value of similarity index between the two sides was 22,15. The mean values of diversity parameters at Site 2 relatively higher compared to those in Site 1. The Dominance Diversity Curve for Site 2 shows curve that longer than that of Site 1. There are 12 species that are found at both sites. At Site 1, the highest mean value of Species Richness (S) and Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (H’) are found in Rather Steep Slope (RSS) and the lowest are in Gentle Slope (GS). In the Site 2 area, the highest mean value of S, H’, Simpson’s Diversity Index (1-D) and Pielou’s Evenness Index (E) are found in Flat Slope (FS) and the lowest is in RSS, whilst the highest value of Simpson’s Dominance Index (D) is in RSS and followed in FS and finally in GS. At Site 1, species with highest important value index (IVI) are varying. The most dominant species at Site 2 is Isachne globosa. The Asteraceae family is the family that has species with highest IVI at Site 1. At Site 2, Poaceae family is the plan family that has the most species with the highest IVI at all slope level.
Exploration of bacteria and analysis of alcohol concentration in pongasi a tolaki’s typical alcoholic beverage
Authors: Fusvita Angriani , Susanti  , Sernita  , Firdayanti  , Idris Sri Aprilianti
Published: July 2021

Pongasi is a typical traditional drink of Tolakinese made from fermented cooked rice with yeast. The present study explores the types of bacteria and analyzes the alcohol concentration of Pongasi drinks. It is an experimental research that explore the sample of pongasi from one of home-industry factory, isolation and bacterial inoculation on NA (Nutrient Agar) media, Gram staining, biochemical testing on the Vitek 2 Compact Systems, measuring the alcohol concentration of the distillation method, and beverage sensitive test Pongasi with bacteria that have been isolated using MHA (Mueller Hinton Agar) media. The results suggest in the sample of Pongasi were white, round, and Gram positive bacteria colonies. The results of identification and biochemical tests showed that 91% were Staphylococcus carnosus bacteria. The results of alcohol analysis indicate that fermentation 2 has a percentage of alcohol concentration at 0.8%, fermentation 3 at 8.2%, and fermentation 4 at 21%. The three treatment groups were continued with a sensitivity test with three repetitions, and the average area of inhibition obtained in each treatment group was fermentation 2 at 9.05 mm, fermentation 3 at 12.12 mm, fermentation 4 at 12.14 mm.
Effect of Rhodamine b Against The Number of Primary Follicles in White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Rohmawati Huda , Fitriasnani Meirna Eka , Purnani Weni Tri , Dewi Rahma Kusuma
Published: July 2021

Rhodamine b is misused as a food coloring. Excessive use is certainly harmful to health. The purpose of this study proves that Rhodamine b can reduce the number of primary follicles in the ovaries of white rats. The design of this study is true experimental with Post Test only control group design. Sample in the research used were female white rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 2-3 months with a bodyweight of 150-250 grams in the amount of 10 animals which were divided into 2 groups: negative control group, positive control group. Rhodamine b is given for 36 days at a dose of 18 mg / 200 gr orally. The number of primary follicles is calculated by HE staining. Data were analyzed and conducted One Way Anova test. The results showed that the administration of Rhodamine b significantly reduced the number of primary follicles in the ovaries of white rats. This is because rhodamine b is capable of binding with halogen compounds which are reactive so that it can damage cells. Based on the results of the analysis showed that Rhodamine b can reduce the number of primary follicles in the ovaries of the white rat.
SEIRI Model analysis using the mathematical graph as a solution for Hepatitis B disease in Makassar
Authors: Side S , Abdy M , Arwadi F , Sanusi W
Published: July 2021

The research objective were to build a mathematical model for Hepatitis B; Determine and analyse the equilibrium point of the model; Conduct a model simulation to predict the number of Hepatitis B cases and determine the solution for the spread of Hepatitis B in Makassar City. This research stage examines and builds a mathematical model on the spread of Hepatitis B which is a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Infected (SEIRI) model; analysis of SEIRI model in Hepatitis B using mathematical Graph method; Model simulation using Maple Software with data assuming the number of Hepatitis B cases, then perform further analysis of the model. The result obtained is the SEIRI model for the spread of Hepatitis B, which is a non-linear differential equation model with 4 dimensions. Mathematical graph is used to determine the status of Hepatitis B, which is a disease-free or endemic case.
The controllability of linear descriptor systems using direct methods
Authors: Arman  , Muhtar Norma , Eso Rosliana , Raya Rasas
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the controllability of linear descriptor systems is investigated by using a direct approach. This approach is based on viewing the system as a whole. In general method, the system is first decomposed into two subsystems in the canonical form. Then, these subsystems are dealt with separately. However, in this paper, we developed the system generally not viewed separately. Then, we derived the structure of controllable subspaces for linear descriptor systems. From these results, we can state the definition of a controllable matrix and then we investigated the properties of the linear descriptor systems related to the controllability matrices by using geometric term.
Advanced flood severity detection using ensemble learning models
Authors: Nandhini A. Sunitha , Balakrishna J , Manikandan R Bala , Bharath Kumar S
Published: July 2021

On the life of human beings and financial development of the nation, the phenomenon of River flooding has its catastrophic effects. There are various approaches in finding out watercourse flooding but depleted understanding and restricted information regarding flooding conditions hinder the management estimates this particular phenomenon. The ensemble model approach has been used in this paper. (i.e. the combination of Multilayer layer perceptron model (MLP) + K-Means Clustering (KMC)) for flood severity prediction. Our ensemble way can support the modern and recent growth and development inside the IoT (IoT stands for Internet of things), with the help of some tools such as smart sensors, RFID and learning based on machine for the prediction of flood severity and its automatic analysis and it is expected to help human beings and can be a useful rescue from such kind of natural disasters. Analysis outcome indicate that ensemble model is more reliable to predict flood severity. The experimental output shows that by the usage of ensemble learning along with Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), K-Means Clustering, Long-Short Term Memory and Random Forest Classifier will produce an optimized result and also with greater accuracy.
Triangular fuzzy numbers model with cost parameters
Authors: Vasanthi P , Ranganayaki S , Kasthuri R
Published: July 2021

The scope of our research work is to analyzea purchasing model in which the uncontrolled variables are fuzzified. The fuzzy cost parameters are defuzzified and an optimal solution of the ordering quantity, maximum inventory and annual cost are estimated. Numerical example and sensitivity analysis has been done to explain the mathematical model.
A Hybrid Model to Ensure Biosecurity during Pandemic Situations Using OpenCV
Authors: Kausar Syeda Arbeena , Roopa K , Arakalgud Kaushik S , Anupama B C
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a hybrid model consisting of hardware, software subsystems and publicly available trained feature sets. The developed hybrid model is useful in automated contactless collection and analysis of employees’ and visitors’ data in an organization especially during pandemic situations to ensure biosecurity. Such data include temperature and face mask status. If the set norms are not satisfied, the entry into the premises will be restricted or denied. The status is also updated in the corresponding record in the organization database. The hardware subsystem includes an arduino nano, sensors and audio visual alarms. The software subsystem was developed using OpenCV in Python and VSCode editor. Both offline and real time implementations were carried out. The model was validated using real time images and online data sources. The system was tested and found to work satisfactorily under practical input conditions.
The applying software programs, for technological design, and simulation of the casting process, in optimizing the technology of making castings
Authors: Tudor B D , Bordei M
Published: July 2021

The optimization of the solidification of the cast parts is based on the exact knowledge of the solidification mode of the part. The only solution for the rapid, and low-cost, optimization of technological problems related to the solidification of castings is the computer simulation of solidification. The solidification of castings from metal alloys is a complex physico - chemical process, which has a great influence on the quality of castings. The optimization of the solidification process of the castings has a direct influence on the consumption of liquid alloy, labor and energy. This is explained by the reduction of the percentage of waste and specific consumption. In these paper, the programs applied for optimizing the technology for making the landmark are MAGMA and Click2Cast.
Cellularization of small sized grafts from biological material using the gravitational modality principle
Authors: Cobzac V , Jian M , Nacu V
Published: July 2021

The research aims to present an improved cellularization process of small sized grafts obtained from biological materials through utilisation of gravitational modality principle. The obvious problem of the biological materials cellularization process, is failure in instant absorption of poured cellular suspension, as a result it leads to cells loss because of suspension spreading through the used dishes, which is especially characteristic for small sized materials. For transplantation were cellularized grafts obtained from biological materials of 44,31mm3±2,72mm3, with chondrocytes (n=18) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) (n=20). With chondrocytes in a well of 96-well microplates (Mp96) were cellularized 7 grafts with 2.8x106±2.38x105cells/graft and in DFCSSG –11 grafts with 2.87x106±3x105cells/graft (p˃0.5). With MSC in Mp96 were cellularized 8 grafts with 1.29x106±2x105cells/graft and in DFCSSG –12 grafts with 1.41x106±3.29x105cells/graft (p˃0.1). All cellularized grafts were held in incubator at 37°C, 5%CO2for 70±12 minutes and transplanted. Then, all Eppendorf tubes, DFCSSGs and Mp96 were washed from cells, which were counted with Hemocytometer with Trypan blue exclusion. As a result, utilisation of DFCSSG increased cellularization rate of grafts by 36.39±2.63% (p˂0.001). A difference between cells viability depending on devices for grafts cellularization (Mp96 =90.73%±2.54%, DFCSSG =89.41%±4.40%), is absent (p˃0.5).
Carbon nanotubes and Engelhard titanium silicates as eco-friendly adsorbent materials: A short review
Authors: De Luca P , Candamano S
Published: July 2021

The present work aims to give a general overview of two important adsorbent materials: Carbon Nanotubes and Engelhard Titanium Silicates. Both are advantageously used for water purification and thanks to their peculiar properties they can be used in different sectors. In this paper are reported the characteristics and properties of each single adsorbent material. Particular attention is paid to the latest studies reported in the literature regarding their application and specificities in the different environmental fields.
A rapid NMR-based approach for the direct determination of lipid oxidation metabolites in dry fermented cured Italian sausages containing α-tocopherol
Authors: Siciliano C
Published: July 2021

The research investigates and demonstrates the potential of the high resolution NMR analysis as a powerful, simple and rapid analytical method to study the extent of lipid oxidation in Italian dry-cured pork sausages containing α-tocopherol. The inclusion of this natural antioxidant additive in the meat products case of study, at levels of 40 mg/Kg and during the manufacturing, considerably increased the resistance to oxidative processes of the total lipid fraction. The effects of adding the natural antioxidant on the lipid oxidation was investigated by proton high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (1H HR-NMR) spectroscopy, in dry-cured sausages during storage under vacuum, at 4 °C for 160 days. Higher inhibition of lipid oxidation was observed on the basis of the determination of fatty acid acyl chain profiles in total lipid extracts (TLEs) obtained from sausages, according to a well-known model previously published. In particular, profiles of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products were established, and related to the variation of n-3 fatty acid acyl chains. Lowering of the initial amount of α-tocopherol was also observed on the basis of the variation of the intensities of detectable peaks generated by the resonances of protons present in the molecular structure of the natural antioxidant. The collected results demonstrated the enormous potential of the 1H HR-NMR spectroscopy in investigating the chemical composition of lipids as a meat product shelf-life parameter. Moreover, the findings showed that the application of the selected amount of α-tocopherol was sufficient to decrease lipid oxidation in dry-cured pork sausages, confirming the known properties of this natural antioxidant as a curing agent, as already proved by its use in other different series of fresh and dry-cured chicken sausages, pork salami and fish meat products, especially if fermentation with a nitrate-reducing starter culture is desired