bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulating the Local Coordination and Electronic Structures for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Peng , Zhang Huabin , Zuo Shouwei , Wang Yan , Zhang Song Lin , Zhang Jing , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: August 2021

Non‐noble‐metal‐based nanomaterials can exhibit extraordinary electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by harnessing the structural evolution during catalysis and the synergistic effect between elements. However, the structure of active centers in bimetallic/multimetallic catalysts is under long‐time debate in the catalysis community. Here, an efficient bimetallic Ni–Fe selenide‐derived OER electrocatalyst is reported and the structure–activity correlation during the OER evolution studied. By combining experiments and theoretical calculations, a conceptual advance is provided, in that the local coordination structure distortion and disordering of active sites inherited from the pre‐catalyst and post‐formed by a further reconstruction are responsible for boosting the OER performance. The active center is identified on Ni sites showing moderate bindings with oxygenous intermediates rather than Fe sites with strong and poisonous adsorptions. These findings provide crucial understanding in manipulating the local coordination and electronic structures toward rational design and fabrication of efficient OER electrocatalysts.
Orbital Angular Momentum from Self‐Assembled Concentric Nanoparticle Rings
Authors: Vargo Emma , Evans Katherine M. , Wang Qingjun , Sattler Andrew , Qian Yiwen , Yao Jie , Xu Ting
Published: August 2021

Ring‐shaped nanostructures can focus, filter, and manipulate electromagnetic waves, but are challenging to incorporate into devices using standard nanofabrication techniques. Directed self‐assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) on lithographically patterned templates has successfully been used to fabricate concentric rings and spirals as etching masks. However, this method is limited by BCP phase behavior and material selection. Here, a straightforward approach to generate ring‐shaped nanoparticle assemblies in thin films of supramolecular nanocomposites is demonstrated. DSA is used to guide the formation of concentric rings with radii spanning 150–1150 nm and ring widths spanning 30–60 nm. When plasmonic nanoparticles are used, ring nanodevice arrays can be fabricated in one step, and the completed devices produce high‐quality orbital angular momentum (OAM). Nanocomposite DSA simplifies and streamlines nanofabrication by producing metal structures without etching or deposition steps; it also introduces interparticle coupling as a new design axis. Detailed analysis of the nanoparticle ring assemblies confirms that the supramolecular system self‐regulates the spatial distribution of its components, and thus exhibits a degree of flexibility absent in DSA of BCPs alone, where structures are determined by polymer‐pattern incommensurability. The present studies also provide guidelines for developing self‐regulating DSA as an alternative to incommensurability‐driven methods.
A Supramolecular Antidote to Macromolecular Toxins Prepared through Coassembly of Macrocyclic Amphiphiles
Authors: Pan Yu‐Chen , Yue Yu‐Xin , Hu Xin‐Yue , Li Hua‐Bin , Guo Dong‐Sheng
Published: August 2021

Poisoning is a leading cause of admission to medical emergency departments and intensive care units. Supramolecular detoxification, which involves injecting supramolecular receptors that bind with toxins to suppress their biological activity, is an emerging strategy for poisoning treatment; it has few requirements and a broad application scope. However, it is still a formidable challenge to design supramolecular therapeutic materials as an antidote to macromolecular toxins, because the large size, flexible conformation, and presence of multiple and diverse binding sites of biomacromolecules hinder their recognition. Herein, a supramolecular antidote to macromolecular toxins is developed through the coassembly of macrocyclic amphiphiles, relying on heteromultivalent recognition between the coassembled components and toxic macromolecules. The coassembly of amphiphilic cyclodextrin and calixarene strongly and selectively captures melittin, a toxin studied herein; this imparts various therapeutic effects such as inhibiting the interactions of melittin with cell membranes, alleviating melittin cytotoxicity and hemolytic toxicity, reducing the mortality rate of melittin‐poisoned mice, and mitigating damage to major organs. The use of the proposed antidote overcomes the limitation of supramolecular detoxification applicability to only small‐molecular toxins. The antidote can also detoxify other macromolecular toxins as long as selective and strong binding is achieved because of the coassembling tunability.
Hot‐Spin Casting Synthesis of Freestanding Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite Facet‐Oriented Microcrystals for Efficient Photodetectors
Authors: Hossain Mozakkar , Sheikh Md Sariful , Rao K. D. M.
Published: August 2021

Facet‐orientated double perovskite (DP) microcrystals (MCs) are of particular interest in optoelectronics due to the special symmetry and homogeneous interfaces, which extend the carrier lifetime and enhance the mobility to realize robust device performance. Here, a simple hot‐spin casting method is developed to instantaneously synthesize the highly crystalline lead‐free halide DP Cs2AgBiBr6 MCs with facet‐orientation. The low temperature (130 °C) hot‐spin casting synthesis of DP MCs instigates growth only along the highly packed (111) plane attributed to heterogeneous nucleation. The Cs2AgBiBr6 DP MCs demonstrate reduced lattice parameters with enhanced light absorbance resulting in decreased bandgap (ΔEg ≈ 0.23 eV). The facet‐oriented DP MCs exhibit the enhancement in photoluminescence and carrier lifetime compared to the nanocrystalline thin‐film. Moreover, the DP MCs are successfully transferred on the desired substrate using micro‐imprint lithography keeping its original orientation intact. The DP Cs2AgBiBr6 MCs‐based photodetectors manifest broader spectral response, high detectivity (1.72 × 1011 Jones) and improved external quantum efficiency (EQE, 451%). The freestanding and facet orientated DP MCs synthesis is easily extendable to other types of halide perovskites and has the potential to fabricate high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Complexions at the Electrolyte/Electrode Interface in Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Türk Hanna , Schmidt Franz‐Philipp , Götsch Thomas , Girgsdies Frank , Hammud Adnan , Ivanov Danail , Vinke Izaak C. , de Haart L.G.J. (Bert) , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. , Reuter Karsten , Schlögl Robert , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Scheurer Christoph , Lunkenbein Thomas
Published: August 2021

Rapid deactivation presently limits a wide spread use of high‐temperature solid oxide cells (SOCs) as otherwise highly efficient chemical energy converters. With deactivation triggered by the ongoing conversion reactions, an atomic‐scale understanding of the active triple‐phase boundary between electrolyte, electrode, and gas phase is essential to increase cell performance. Here, a multi‐method approach is used comprising transmission electron microscopy and first‐principles calculations and molecular simulations to untangle the atomic arrangement of the prototypical SOC interface between a lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) anode and a yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte in the as‐prepared state after sintering. An interlayer of self‐limited width with partial amorphization and strong compositional gradient is identified, thus exhibiting the characteristics of a complexion that is stabilized by the confinement between two bulk phases. This offers a new perspective to understand the function of SOCs at the atomic scale. Moreover, it opens up a hitherto unrealized design space to tune the conversion efficiency.
Transwell‐Integrated 2 µm Thick Transparent Polydimethylsiloxane Membranes with Controlled Pore Sizes and Distribution to Model the Blood‐Brain Barrier
Authors: Zakharova Mariia , Tibbe Martijn P. , Koch Lena S. , Le‐The Hai , Leferink Anne M. , van den Berg Albert , van der Meer Andries D. , Broersen Kerensa , Segerink Loes I.
Published: August 2021

Traditional Transwell inserts with track‐etched 10 μm thick polymer membranes have been intensively used for studying cellular barriers. However, their thickness hampers direct cell‐cell interaction between the adjacent cells which has been shown to critically influence the barrier formation. Therefore, here the effect of reduced distance between the cells by using fivefold thinner (2 μm) optically transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes is studied and compared with polycarbonate (PC) membranes. The authors validate their applicability as an alternative substrate for the study of the blood–brain barrier by performing a monoculture of brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and co‐culture with astrocytes in Transwells. The PDMS membranes supported the cellular protrusions through the well‐defined pores and allowed control over cellular transmigration by varying the pore size. Cellular localization of tight and adherens junction proteins ZO‐1, Claudin‐5, and VE‐cadherin is similar to PC membranes while their expression levels are affected as a function of membrane material and co‐culture with astrocytes. Additionally, a permeability assay indicated tighter barrier formation on the PDMS membrane. These results suggest the potential use of 2 μm PDMS membranes for in vitro modeling of biological barriers with improved co‐culture models and enhanced visibility of the cell culture.
High Stability and Strong Luminescence CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 Perovskite Nanocomposite: Large‐Scale Synthesis, Reversible Luminescence, and Anti‐Counterfeiting Application
Authors: Wang Ze , Zhang Yaqian , Liu Xiaodong , Yu Yanxia , Xu Fucai , Ding Jing , Liang Xiaojuan , Yang Keqin , Xiang Weidong
Published: August 2021

In this study, a simple low‐temperature self‐assembly strategy is used to synthesize the CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 nanocomposite with a relatively high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY, 72%) and product yield (87%). As expected, the nanocomposite exhibits good photoluminescence (PL) performance and stability. Further, 90% of the PLQY is maintained even when heating at 100 °C for 24 h, and almost no emission degradation is observed after storage in ethanol for 10 days. Furthermore, the prepared CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 nanocomposite exhibits the reversible luminescence phenomenon by simply applying the wetting and drying process. This abnormal phenomenon is due to the internal phase transformation of the CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 nanocomposite. The potential application of the nanocomposite in anti‐counterfeiting has been demonstrated. This work facilitates the production and application of inorganic metal halide perovskite‐based functional materials.
Ultralong Polymeric Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials Fabricated by Multiple Hydrogen Bondings Resistant to Temperature and Humidity
Authors: Zhu Yan , Guan Yan , Niu Yifan , Wang Pu , Chen Renjie , Wang Yanhao , Wang Ping , Xie He‐Lou
Published: August 2021

Polymeric room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted tremendous attentions owing to their excellent flexibility, easy processing, low cost, and good thermal stability. In this work, an improved strategy is proposed for ultralong RTP polymeric materials through copolymerizing the phosphor monomer with D (donor)−A (acceptor) structure and another monomer with ultrastrong multiple hydrogen bonds. A series of copolymers (P1–P4) containing different ratios of carbazole‐dibenzofuran (CDF) and ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) segments are successfully prepared. The obtained copolymers show ultralong phosphorescence lifetimes between 1.70 and 2.16 s with afterglow duration time between 15 and 17 s. The multiple hydrogen bonds of UPy groups can promote extremely intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, which immobilize the phosphors to prevent nonradiative transitions. Especially, these interactions lead to the copolymers can be robustly resistant to high temperature and humidity. Flexible and foldable anti‐counterfeiting with high temperature and humidity resistant features are achieved, which would be applied in practical special environments.
Layered ZnIn2S4 Single Crystals for Ultrasensitive and Wearable Photodetectors
Authors: Valdman Lukáš , Mazánek Vlastimil , Marvan Petr , Serra Marco , Arenal Raul , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: August 2021

Zinc indium sulfide belongs to the family of layered ternary chalcogenides. Although ZnIn2S4 has a suitable bandgap in the visible range, its optoelectronic properties are not fully investigated. Most photodetectors based on layered semiconductors suffer from large dark currents, which hamper their performance and energy efficiency. In this work, high quality ZnIn2S4 single crystals are synthesized via chemical vapor transport. The free‐standing crystals are ≈20 μm thick and up to 2 cm2 in area and produce large photocurrents upon UV–vis illumination, while also maintaining extremely low currents in the dark. This allows to fabricate a simple photodetector with ohmic contacts, exhibiting extremely small dark currents down to 10–12 A. The ON/OFF (light/dark) switching ratio reaches value of 106, the highest reported for a layered semiconductor. Furthermore, the photodetector exhibits remarkable responsivity of 173 A W–1 and excellent detectivity of 1.7 × 1012 Jones. To demonstrate sensitivity and flexibility of the ZnIn2S4 crystals, a wearable device is also fabricated. The wearable is able to record human heart rate and compare it with signal measured by a commercial smartwatch. The results suggest a substantial research potential in further explorations of ZnIn2S4 and other ternary chalcogenides for optoelectronic applications.
Recent Advances in Organophosphorus‐Catalyzed Borylation and Silylation Reactions
Authors: Biswas Krishna , Das Aniruddha , Ganesh Venkataraman
Published: August 2021

Over the past few decades, organophosphorus catalysis has emerged as a robust platform for the preparation of highly functionalized molecules with excellent control of reactivity and selectivity. Organophosphorus catalysis has the advantages of mild and metal‐free reaction conditions. The easy‐to‐tune electronic and steric properties of phosphorus provide an easy handle for developing efficient synthetic methodologies with high stereochemical fidelity. This review describes the efforts to introduce boron and silicon functionalities into organic substrates catalyzed by organophosphorus compounds. These catalysts are categorized into nucleophilic, electrophilic, and biphilic phosphorus catalysts. Phosphorus compounds efficiently catalyze hydroboration of various unsaturated systems, carbonyl compounds, imines, etc.; hydro‐/cyano‐silylation of carbonyls; and silylation of alcohols. The present review emphasizes the scope of nucleophilic, electrophilic, and biphilic phosphorus‐based catalysis to introduce boron and silicon functionalities into organic compounds, mainly from the recent decade.

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Development of Dual Receptor Enhanced Pre‐Targeting Strategy—A Novel Promising Technology for Immuno‐Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Sun Lingyi , Gai Yongkang , Li Zhonghan , Zhang Xiaohui , Li Jianchun , Ma Yongyong , Li Huiqiang , Barajas Ramon F. , Zeng Dexing
Published: August 2021

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has become an important diagnostic tool. Various pre‐targeting systems have been reported to address limitations associated with traditional immuno‐PET. However, the application of these mono‐receptor based pre‐targeting (MRPT) strategies is limited to non‐internalizable antibodies, and the tumor uptake is usually much lower than that in the corresponding immuno‐PET. To circumvent these limitations, the first dual‐receptor enhanced pre‐targeting (DRPT) system is developed through entrapping the tumor‐receptor‐specific radioligand by the pre‐administered antibody. Besides the similar ligation pathway happens in MRPT, incorporation of a tumor‐receptor‐specific peptide into the radioligand in DRPT enhances both concentration and retention of the radioligand on tumor, promoting its ligation with pre‐administered antibody on cell‐surface and/or internalized into tumor‐cells. In this study, 64Cu‐based DRPT shows superior performance over corresponding MRPT and immuno‐PET using internalizable antibodies. Besides, the compatibility of DRPT with short‐lived and generator‐produced 68Ga is demonstrated, leveraging its advantage in reducing radio‐dose exposure. Furthermore, the feasibility of reducing the amount of the pre‐administered antibody is confirmed, indicating the cost saving potential of DRPT. In summary, synergizing advantages of dual‐receptor targeting and pre‐targeting, it is expect that this DRPT strategy can become a breakthrough technology in the field of antibody‐based molecular imaging.
An Order–Disorder Type High‐Temperature Multiaxial Supramolecular Ferroelectric
Authors: He Lei , Xu Ke , Shi Ping‐Ping , Ye Qiong , Zhang Wen
Published: August 2021

Much progress has been witnessed in exploring host–guest type ferroelectrics represented by ammonium‐crown ether compounds. However, the major obstacles in expanding their promising applications in nonvolatile memory elements, capacitors, and sensors are relatively low Curie temperature (Tc) and uniaxial attribute. Herein, by screening different organic cations and inorganic anions to assemble with 18‐crown‐6 molecule, it is found that a new ammonium‐crown ether inclusion ferroelectric 1, [(ATHTP)(18‐crown‐6)]BF4 (ATHTP = protonated 4‐aminotetrahydrothiopyran), undergoing a ferroelectric phase transition at a much higher Tc of 392 K which is comparable to BaTiO3 (Tc = 393 K). Notably, the distinct symmetry breaking, that is, 4/mmmFmm2, leads to a biaxial ferroelectric with four equivalent directions of polarization. Such high Tc and multiaxial nature are rare in existing crown ether‐based ferroelectrics. This work can help the exploration of high‐Tc multiaxial ferroelectrics toward further device applications.
High Performance Organic Electronic Devices Based on a Green Hybrid Dielectric
Authors: Tousignant Mathieu N. , Rice Nicole A. , Niskanen Jukka , Richard Chloé M. , Ritaine Dialia , Adronov Alex , Lessard Benoît H.
Published: August 2021

As the cost of electronics decreases, the demand for short‐term and single‐use applications, such as smart packaging, increases. Consequently, there is significant need for electronically active biodegradable materials to reduce the environmental impact of disposable electronic devices. A bilayer dielectric is developed based on environmentally friendly, low‐cost solution‐processable polymers, fabricated by thermally crosslinking a toluene diisocyanate‐terminated polycaprolactone (TPCL) layer with the hydroxyl groups of a poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) blended dielectric (PVAC). Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitors are fabricated and characterized under ambient and humid conditions. The incorporation of a TPCL layer in the bilayer dielectric results in a large reduction in moisture sensitivity when compared to neat PVAC without significantly altering the dielectric constant. When utilized as a dielectric in organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs), the transistors prepared with the PVAC/TPCL dielectric have greater on/off ratios and hole mobilities, with reduced hysteresis compared to devices fabricated with PVAC. Furthermore, the fabricated OTFTs function at operating voltages six times lower when compared against a traditional silicon dioxide (SiO2) dielectric. The facile processing, combined with superior device performance, makes this green bilayer dielectric a promising candidate material for biodegradable disposable electronic applications.
Phylogeny of Lantana, Lippia, and related genera (Lantaneae: Verbenaceae)
Authors: Lu‐Irving Patricia , Bedoya Ana M. , Salimena Fátima R. G. , dos Santos Silva Tânia R. , Viccini Lyderson F. , Bitencourt Cássia , Thode Verônica A. , Cardoso Pedro H. , O'Leary Nataly , Olmstead Richard G.
Published: August 2021

Premise

Lantana and Lippia (Verbenaceae) are two large Linnean genera whose classification has been based on associated fruit traits: fleshy vs. dry fruits and one vs. two seed‐bearing units. We reconstruct evolutionary relationships and the evolution of the two fruit traits to test the validity of these traits for classification.

Methods

Previous studies of plastid DNA sequences provided limited resolution for this group. Consequently, seven nuclear loci, including ITS, ETS, and five PPR loci, were sequenced for 88 accessions of the Lantana/Lippia clade and three outgroups.

Results

Neither Lantana nor Lippia is monophyletic. Burroughsia, Nashia, Phyla, and several Aloysia species are included within the clade comprising Lantana and Lippia. We provide a hypothesis for fruit evolution and biogeographic history in the group and their relevance for classification.

Conclusions

Fleshy fruits evolved multiple times in the Lantana/Lippia clade and thus are not suitable taxonomic characters. Several sections of Lantana and Lippia and the small genera are monophyletic, but Lippia section Zappania is broadly paraphyletic, making circumscription of genera difficult. Lippia sect. Rhodolippia is a polyphyletic group characterized by convergence in showy bracts. Species of Lantana sect. Sarcolippia, previously transferred to Lippia, are not monophyletic. The clade originated and diversified in South America, with at least four expansions into both Central America and the Caribbean and two to Africa. The types species of Lantana and Lippia occur in small sister clades, rendering any taxonomy that retains either genus similar to its current circumscription impossible.
What fecal analyses reveal about Manniophyton fulvum consumption in LuiKotale bonobos (Pan paniscus): A medicinal plant revisited
Authors: Kreyer Mélodie , Stewart Kathrine , Pashchevskaya Sonya , Fruth Barbara
Published: August 2021

Observations of animals in the wild can result in the discovery of plants for human medicinal purposes. In this context, our closest relatives, the great apes, are of particular interest. The Euphorbiaceae Manniophyton fulvum possesses both phytochemical and biomechanical properties. Its use in the genus Pan (P. troglodytes; P. paniscus) is thought to be based on its mechanical properties promoting the egestion of intestinal parasites, but additional observations from different habitats where the behavior is performed may shed more light on its true purpose. To improve our understanding of what triggers this behavior, we investigated M. fulvum consumption in wild bonobos at LuiKotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo between December 2018 and July 2020. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that M. fulvum ingestion is related to gastro‐intestinal parasite expulsion. Of 649 focal follows of 37 individuals from two habituated communities, consumption of M. fulvum was observed on 111 days (N = 507), independent of seasons, environmental factors and the plant's availability. A total of 588 fecal samples were assessed for the presence/absence of gastro‐intestinal parasites. We found strongyle eggs in 2.89% of samples and their presence was not associated with the ingestion of M. fulvum or environmental conditions. We discuss the importance of seasonality in the life cycle of strongyle species that may influence the pattern of M. fulvum consumption observed at LuiKotale. Our data open additional perspectives concerning behavioral parameters such as the existence of a cultural component when comparing ingestion behavior between communities.
Evolution of Molecularly Imprinted Enzyme Inhibitors: From Simple Activity Inhibition to Pathological Cell Regulation
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Miao Haohan , Zou Lihua , Tse Sum Bui Bernadette , Haupt Karsten , Pan Guoqing
Published: August 2021

Molecular imprinting represents one of the most promising strategies to design artificial enzyme inhibitors. However, the study of molecularly imprinted enzyme inhibitors (MIEIs) remains at a primary stage. Advanced applications of MIEIs for cell regulation have rarely been explored. Using a solid‐phase oriented imprinting strategy so as to leave the active site of the enzymes accessible, we synthesized two MIEIs that exhibit high specificity and potent inhibitory effects (inhibition constant at low nM range) towards trypsin and angiogenin. The trypsin MIEI inhibits trypsin activity, tryptic digestion‐induced extracellular matrix lysis and cell membrane destruction, indicating its utility in the treatment of active trypsin‐dependent cell injury. The angiogenin MIEI blocks cancer cell proliferation by suppressing the ribonuclease activity of angiogenin and decreasing the angiogenin level inside and outside HeLa cells. Our work demonstrates the versatility of MIEIs for both enzyme inhibition and cell fate manipulation, showing their great potential as therapeutic drugs in biomedicine.
18.77 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Promoted by Aqueous Solution Processed Cobalt(II) Acetate Hole Transporting Layer
Authors: Meng Huifeng , Liao Chentong , Deng Min , Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Liyang , Peng Qiang
Published: August 2021

A robust hole transporting layer (HTL), using the cost‐effective Cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate (Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O) as the precursor, was simply processed from its aqueous solution followed by thermal annealing (TA) and UV‐ozone (UVO) treatments. The TA treatment induced the loss of crystal water followed by oxidization of Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O precursor, which increased the work function. However, TA treatment differently realize a high work function and ideal morphology for charge extraction. The resulting problems could be circumvented easily by additional UVO treatment, which also enhanced the conductivity and lowered the resistance for charge transport. The optimal condition was found to be a low temperature TA (150 °C) followed by simple UVO, where the crystal water in Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O was removed fully and the HTL surface was anchored by substantial hydroxy groups. Using PM6 as the polymer donor and L8‐BO as the electron acceptor, a record high PCE of 18.77 % of the binary blend OSCs was achieved, higher than the common PEDOT:PSS‐based solar cell devices (18.02 %).
Narrative Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa: Using Documents of Resistance
Authors: Chimpén-López Carlos , Arriazu Muñoz Rubén
Published: August 2021

Treating anorexia nervosa is one of the greatest challenges faced by current health policies. This paper reflects on the social and cultural aspects of this type of eating disorder and proposes an intervention approach based on narrative therapy as a complement to existing treatments. This type of therapy requires a holistic and coordinated vision of the socio‐cultural and community aspects that surround both the person dealing with anorexia and their closest social circle of friends and family. The effects of anorexia, when it becomes the dominant voice in a person's narrative, need to be understood within a broader and more inclusive social context without putting all the responsibility on the person who is being bullied by anorexia. Based on the qualitative results of the Archive of Resistance presented by the Anti‐Anorexia League, narrative therapy is shown to have great potential for transforming the current approach to treating anorexia in English. This paper recommends use of the poststructuralist approach of narrative therapy to collaborate with the person affected by anorexia in Spanish‐speaking cultures. At the same time, it opens a discussion on the need to establish a document database, an Archive of Resistance, in Spanish, to help mitigate the effects of anorexia.
An Ethno‐Eco‐Systemic Perspective: The Coming into Being of a Family Therapy Institution in Argentina ‐‐ Politics, Practices, and Experiences
Authors: Cavagnis Maria Esther
Published: August 2021

Ethno‐Eco‐Systemic (EES) refers to a theoretical clinical perspective that we have been developing at the FyP (fundación Familias y Parejas) in recent years. This work was presented on the day of commemoration of the institution's 40th anniversary and is the result of a collective reflective process. We invite you to consider this perspective as an aesthetic of transdisciplinary thought, closer to art than to technique and which connects ethnographic, ecological, and systemic concepts. From the readings of some thinkers, especially Foucault, Deleuze, Guattari, to mention some of the most influential Europeans; Suely Rolnik and Viveiros de Castro in Brazil; Tato Pavlovski and Gregorio Baremblit in Argentina; and so many others in South America, we have been urged to revisit Bateson and revalue the power of his thinking for the family psychotherapeutic clinic.
Macro‐ and nano‐oligomers ternary metal complexes preparation, structural elucidation: Antimicrobial, anticancer activities, and mechanistic study of Cu nanocomplexes on liver carcinoma
Authors: Rabie Eman M. , Khalil Mostafa M. H. , Elaasser Mahmoud M. , Ismail Eman H.
Published: August 2021

A new binuclear transition metal complexes of Co (II) and Cu (II) have been synthesized in both bulk and nanosized formations. The complexes were synthesized by the reaction between equimolar quantities of the metal sulfate with nitrilotriacetic acid and creatine. The nanosized forms are controlled by using (CTAB). Characterization of the nanocomplexes has been done using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X‐ray diffraction. This technique is considered a novel approach to the synthesis of the nanoternary complexes. The Co (II) and Cu (II) complexes displayed distorted dimeric octahedral and tetrahedral structures, respectively. The prepared metal complexes were investigated by electronic spectral analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurement, infrared spectra, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–visible spectra, and mass spectra. The molecular weights of the dimer complexes are measured by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography). Characterization of the obtained complexes showed that the NTA ligand coordinates with metal ions in tridentate mode (one N and two COO−) after deprotonation, the creatine molecule coordinates through the carboxylate group, while the dimeric structure of these complexes formed with one of the sulfate groups which coordinates as a bridged bidentate ligand. Investigation of the biological activity of these complexes, as well as their hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line inhibitory, has also been achieved.
Effect of bagasse content on low frequency acoustic performance of soy oil‐based biodegradable foams filled with bagasse and regulation mechanism analysis
Authors: Zhao Jin , Yu Zengcheng , Tian Huafeng , Liu Shilin , Luo Xiaogang
Published: August 2021

Reducing noise by using sound absorption materials is an important approach to lessen the harm of noise pollution. Controlling acoustic performance and analyzing the mechanism of the flexible polyurethane biofoams derived from vegetable oil polyol and filled with agricultural and forestry wastes can provide theoretical guidance in designing the biodegradable energy‐saving sound absorbing materials. A series of biofoams were synthesized by using soy oil‐based polyol instead of 50 wt% petroleum‐based polyol with different content of natural resource bagasse as fillers. The material is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis to study the morphology, chemical interaction between constituent phases and thermal stability respectively. The effects of bagasse on morphology, mechanical properties, thermal properties, sound absorption coefficient and degradability of biofoams were investigated. Natural resource bagasse can improve the sound absorption coefficient at low frequency region by changing the cell size, opening ratio and cell wall structure of biofoams. The study confirms that it is possible to control and enhance the acoustic performance of the biofoams by adjusting bagasse content for sound absorption materials.
pH‐sensitive and charge‐reversal Daunorubicin‐conjugated polymeric micelles for enhanced cancer therapy
Authors: Lei Jiaqing , Song Yajing , Li Dan , Lei Mengheng , Tan Rui , Liu Yiqing , Zheng Hua
Published: August 2021

In this study, we prepared a novel pH‐sensitive drug delivery system based on Daunorubicin (DNR) using POEGMA‐b‐P(ABMA‐co‐AMA) (denoted as POPAA) as drug carrier which was prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. A charge‐reversal prodrug (DA‐POPAA@imine‐DNR) was obtained after modified with 2,3‐dimethylmaleic anhydride (DA) by copper‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide “click chemistry.” The prodrug could self‐assemble into micelles (denoted as M(DNR)) with a mean particle size of about 132 nm. In vitro DNR release performances showed that there was a release of 13% at pH 7.4 while 73% at pH 5.0. Moreover, the zeta potential of M(DNR) could reserve from negative (−4.37 mV) to positive (+5.21 mV) as pH decreased from 7.4 to 6.5. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that M(DNR) exhibited an efficient cell‐killing performance against HeLa cells. The above results confirmed the great potential of the DNR‐conjugated polymeric micelles for enhanced cancer therapy.
Construction of gold nanoparticles by tubular polysaccharide from black fungus and their apoptosis‐inducing activities in HepG2 cells
Authors: Song Haoying , Hu Na , Gao Ziwei , Zhang Baohui , Hu Junjie , Qiu Zhenpeng , Zheng Guohua , Chang Cong , Meng Yan
Published: August 2021

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with size of 12 ~ 25 nm were loaded on the dendritic nanotubes (DNTs), which were self‐assembled by the triple‐helix polysaccharides from black fungus (AF1). The characterization results proved that the AuNPs were dispersed on the surface of DNTs without affecting their tubular structure. Due to the dendritic structure, the loading content of AuNPs could arrived at 46.4%. Moreover, the potential anticancer activities of the complex (DNT‐Au) were evaluated by the induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. It was found DNT‐Au could be taken up by cells and enter into lysosomes, further inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells by ROS‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. This work was benefit for the development of natural polysaccharide as a substrate to stabilize nanoparticles in biomedical fields.
Precarity, hybridity and vacillating identity: The work of Michel de M'Uzan and Jenny Saville on being human in a body
Authors: Marks Lesley Ann
Published: August 2021

The following study juxtaposes psychoanalytical theories of Michel de M'Uzan with paintings by the artist Jenny Saville. Their respective ideas are mutually reinforcing: Saville's works can be read as a visual representation of some of M'Uzan's concepts, specifically permanent disquiet, the spectrum of identity, and depersonalization. Both psychoanalyst and artist share a fascination with the human body and the hybridity of the human condition, eschewing binary distinctions between the self and other. Saville is interested in bodies that radiate a state of “in‐betweeness”; M'Uzan finds psychic health in the ability to embrace the uncertainty that lies at the interface between ego and nonego. Both explore the possibilities of transformation within the multiple realities of our lives, and for both this is a quest for an inner truth about being human in a body.
Stereoselective Access to Spirooxindoles and Bisoxindoles Through Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Divergent Transformations of Isatin‐derived MBH Carbonates
Authors: Fang Yu‐Bo , Lin Xiao‐Tong , Chen Guo‐Shu , Ren Hai , Deng Dong‐Sheng , Hu Xiao‐Wei , Xu Yi‐Bing , Chen Shu‐Jie , Liu Yun‐Lin
Published: August 2021

An interesting β‐isoquinidine catalyzed divergent reaction was developed to produce either spirocyclopentene oxindoles, spirocyclopentadiene oxindoles or bisoxindoles in a high enantioselective fashion. The utility of this protocol was demonstrated by the versatile transformations of the products. This work not only represents the first highly stereoselective intermolecular catalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction between two isatin‐derived MBH carbonate molecules but also constitutes a rare example of isatin‐derived MBH carbonate‐based enantioselective and α‐regioselective [3+2] cycloaddition reactions.
O‐GlcNAcylation drives calcium signaling toward osteoblast differentiation: A bioinformatics‐oriented study
Authors: Weng Yao , Wang Ziyi , Fukuhara Yoko , Tanai Airi , Ikegame Mika , Yamada Daisuke , Takarada Takeshi , Izawa Takashi , Hayano Satoru , Yoshida Kaya , Kamioka Hiroshi , Okamura Hirohiko
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to reveal the possible mechanisms by which O‐linked‐N‐acetylglucosaminylation (O‐GlcNAcylation) regulates osteoblast differentiation using a series of bioinformatics‐oriented experiments. To examine the influence of O‐GlcNAcylation levels on osteoblast differentiation, osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells were treated with O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O‐GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitors. Correlations between the levels of O‐GlcNAcylation and the expression of osteogenic markers as well as OGT were evaluated by qPCR and western blotting. The O‐GlcNAcylated proteins assumed to correlate with Runx2 expression were retrieved from several public databases and used for further bioinformatics analysis. Following the findings of the bioinformatics analysis, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) was monitored in the cells treated with OGT and OGA inhibitors using a confocal laser‐scanning microscope (CLS). The interaction effect between O‐GlcNAcylation and [Ca2+]i on osteogenic marker expression was determined using stable OGT knockdown MC3T3‐E1 cells. O‐GlcNAcylation was positively associated with osteoblast differentiation. The time‐course profile of global O‐GlcNAcylated proteins showed a distinctive pattern with different molecular weights during osteoblast differentiation. The expression pattern of several O‐GlcNAcylated proteins was significantly similar to that of Runx2 expression. Bioinformatic analysis of the retrieved Runx2‐related‐O‐GlcNAcylated‐proteins revealed the importance of [Ca2+]i. CLS showed that alteration of O‐GlcNAcylation rapidly changed [Ca2+]i in MC3T3‐E1 cells. O‐GlcNAcylation and [Ca2+]i showed an interaction effect on the expression of osteogenic markers. OGT knockdown disrupted the [Ca2+]i‐induced expression changes of osteogenic markers. O‐GlcNAcylation interacts with [Ca2+]i and elicits osteoblast differentiation by regulating the expression of osteogenic markers.
Aiming for the Bullseye: Targeted activities decrease misconceptions related to enzyme function for undergraduate biochemistry students
Authors: Terrell Cassidy R. , Ekstrom Thomas , Nguyen Brian , Nickodem Kyle
Published: August 2021

Biochemistry curricula present a particular challenge to undergraduate students with abstract concepts which can lead to misconceptions that impede learning. In particular, these students have difficulty understanding enzyme structure and function concepts. Targeted learning activities and three‐dimensional (3D) physical models are proposed to help students challenge these misconceptions and increase conceptual understanding. Here we assessed such pedagogical tools using the Enzyme‐Substrate Interactions Concept Inventory (ESICI) to measure (mis)conceptual changes from Pre‐ to Post‐ time points in a single semester undergraduate biochemistry course. A Control group of students engaged with the active learning activities without the 3D physical models and students in the Intervention group utilized these activities with the 3D physical models. At the Post‐ time point both groups had higher, yet similar ESICI scores of the same magnitude as the highest scoring group from the national sample. Concomitantly, many misconception markers decreased compared to the national sample, although some of these differed between the Control and Intervention groups. Based on this assessment, both pedagogical approaches successfully increased conceptual understanding and targeted many of the misconceptions measured by the ESICI, however, several misconceptions persisted. Surprisingly, the students who used the 3D physical models did not demonstrate a further decrease in the misconception markers. Additionally, psychometric evaluation of the ESICI with our sample recommends the revision of several questions to improve the validity of this assessment. We also offer suggestions to improve instruction and pedagogical tools with further avenues for research on learning.
FNDC4 acts as an extracellular factor to promote the invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma partly via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Baolin , Zheng Bowen , Lu Yao , Huang Deng , Liu Jialong , Song Juxian , Zheng Shuguo
Published: August 2021

FNDC4 is highly homologous to the exercise‐associated myokine FNDC5/irisin, which is highly expressed and promotes the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells. However, the function of FNDC4 remains unknown. Here, we report that FNDC4, an extracellular factor, plays important roles in the invasion and metastasis of HCC. We found that high FNDC4 expression is associated with poor survival in HCC patients and FNDC4 promotes the migration and invasion of HCC cells. Mechanistically, we found that FNDC4 is related to the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway to a certain extent. Specifically, the extracellular domain of FNDC4 acts as an extracellular factor to promote Akt phosphorylation levels in this pathway. These findings reveal that FNDC4 promotes the invasion and metastasis of HCC partly via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
A Study of Alternative Measures in Resolving Cases of Child Sexual Abuse among the Ga Community in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Markwei Ummu , Tetteh Peace Mamle
Published: August 2021

Many children continue to be sexually abused worldwide. In Ghana, relatively high figures of child sexual abuse (CSA) are reported by the police daily. Although there are laws that seek to protect children from sexual abuse, in reality, there is a wide gulf between legislation and practice. This paper explores why this is so by examining the measures adopted in sanctioning perpetrators of CSA in the Ga community in Ghana. The study uses a qualitative approach to collect data from parents and guardians through in‐depth interviews. The study revealed that, generally, traditional rather than legal sanctions are adopted in handling CSA cases. This paper thus interrogates the consequences of the obvious contraventions of the law as traditional interventions are resorted to. We posit that CSA can be minimised only when child protection laws are enforced by the police and victims are reoriented to appreciate the benefits of seeking legal redress.

Key Practitioner Messages

Conscious efforts must be made to destigmatise child sexual abuse.

Sensitisation programmes should be organised periodically by stakeholders to educate community members on child sexual abuse.

The police in partnership with the media must also lead the campaign to educate the populace that choosing traditional options of redress and non‐disclosure of incestuous acts against children is a clear violation of the law and the rights of the child.
CPTED turns 50: A review of the principles of crime prevention through environmental design
Authors: Book Ed
Published: August 2021

Crime prevention through environmental design as a concept was around long before sociology Professor C. Ray Jeffery published a 1971 book with that in the title, 50 years ago. While Jeffery coined the term, other leaders were also influential in this arena. Collectively, the prevalent view was that the man‐made and natural environment could be modified in ways that create safer places and influence behavior.
Evaluation of Gibbilimbol B, Isolated from Piper malacophyllum (Piperaceae), as an Antischistosomal Agent
Authors: Carnaúba Paulo U. , Mengarda Ana C. , Rodrigues Vinícius C. , Morais Thiago R. , de Oliveira Alberto , Lago João Henrique G. , de Moraes Josué
Published: August 2021

Infections caused by parasitic worms impose a considerable worldwide health burden. One of the most impactful is schistosomiasis, a disease caused by blood‐dwelling of the genus Schistosoma that affects more than 230 million people worldwide. Since praziquantel has also been extensively used to treat schistosomiasis and other parasitic flatworm infections, there is an urgent need to identify novel anthelmintic compounds, mainly from natural sources. In this study, the hexane extract from roots of Piper malacophyllum (Piperaceae) showed to be mainly composed for gibbilimbol B by HPLC/ESI‐HRMS. Based on this result, this compound was isolated by chromatographic steps and its structure was confirmed by NMR. In vitro bioassays showed that gibbilimbol B was more active than praziquantel against larval stage of S. mansoni, with effective concentrations of 50 % (EC50) and 90 % (EC90) values of 2.6 and 3.4 μM, respectively. Importantly, gibbilimbol B showed no cytotoxicity to mammalian cells at a concentration 190 times greater than the antiparasitic effect, giving support for the anthelmintic potential of gibbilimbol B as lead compound for novel antischistosomal agents.
Managing confounding and effect modification in pediatric/congenital interventional cardiology research
Authors: O'Byrne Michael L. , Glatz Andrew C.
Published: August 2021

Measuring the effect of a treatment on outcomes is an important goal for research in pediatric/congenital interventional cardiology. The breadth of anatomic and physiologic variations, patient ages, and genetic syndromes and noncardiac comorbid conditions all represent sources of potential confounding and effect modification that are major obstacles to this goal. If not accounted for, these factors can obscure the “true” treatment effect and lead to spurious conclusions about the relative efficacy and/or safety of therapies. In this review, we discuss the importance of confounding and effect modification in pediatric/congenital interventional cardiology research. We define these terms and discuss strategies (both in study design and data analysis) to mitigate error introduced by confounding and effect modification. The importance of confounding by indication in pediatric/congenital cardiology is discussed along with specific methods to address it.
Low‐dose spinal and opioid‐free anesthesia in patient with Severe Aortic Stenosis and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: Case report
Authors: Coviello Antonio , Ianniello Marilena , Spasari Ezio , Posillipo Concetta , Vargas Maria , Maresca Alfredo , Servillo Giuseppe
Published: August 2021

The best anesthesiologic approach to severe AS patient has not been adequately studied in literature. Although the current guidelines have a cautious attitude in this regard, Combined Spinal‐Epidural Anesthesia (CSEA) has proved to be a safe technique. Therefore, we would like to provide our experience with a severe AS and COVID‐19 patient.
Novel presentation of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome II in a child with simultaneous Addison's disease, type 1 diabetes, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A case report
Authors: Staub Kayla , Abrams Pamela
Published: August 2021

Providers should remain vigilant of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II in the context of persistent low blood sugar in type I diabetes. Correction of adrenal insufficiency is key for regulation of blood sugar and thyroid function.
Isolated cecal necrosis: Report of two cases
Authors: Kardoun Nizar , Hadrich Zied , Rahma Daoud , Harbi Houssem , Boujelben Salah , Mzali Rafik
Published: August 2021

Isolated cecal necrosis is a rare variant of ischemic colitis. Diagnosis is difficult because of nonspecific clinical and radiological findings. It especially affects patients with comorbidities affecting mesenteric perfusion.
A rare case of spontaneous abdominal aorta thrombosis
Authors: Matarneh Ahmad Samir , Sadiq Amna , Ahmad Khan Adeel , Eltahir Asma Ibrahim , Alansari Mazen , Mohammed AbdulMoqeeth
Published: August 2021

Spontaneous aortic thrombosis is rare, and prompt diagnosis is needed whenever encountering a case of unexplained abdominal pain. The cause of the thrombosis needs to be evaluated thoroughly to rule out any underlying thrombophilias.