bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of Bifenazate and Western Predatory Mite (Acari: Phytoseiidae) for Control of Pecan Leaf Scorch Mite (Acari:Tetranychidae) in Pecan Orchards
Authors: Dutcher James D. , Fonsah G. Esendugue , Hudson William G.
Published: September 2017

A voluntary phase-out of the manufacture of dicofol, the principal miticide used for chemical control of pecan leaf scorch mite, Eotetranychus hicoriae McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the recent discovery and evaluation of western predatory mite, Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), as a biological control of pecan leaf scorch mite have led to the registration of the selective miticide, bifenazate, as a possible replacement for dicofol for control of pecan leaf scorch mites in pecan orchards in the US. The impact of bifenazate on the pecan leaf scorch mite and phytoseiid predatory mites was studied in field trials conducted from 2003–2006. Bifenazate was an effective miticide and had the additional benefit over dicofol of conserving phytoseiid mites. The lowest effective concentration as a foliar spray application was 0.3 g actual bifenazate/l water. The effective residual activity of bifenazate at 0.3 g active ingredient/I applied at 1400 l/ha was 2–6 wks depending on the year and location. Bifenazate conserves a portion of the phytoseiid mite population as phytoseiid abundances were similar in the nontreated and bifenazate-treated trees for up to 4 wks after treatment. Treatment of pecan trees with bifenazate plus the release of phytoseiid mites was a more effective method for pecan leaf scorch mite control than the application of bifenazate alone. Among 8 chemical control treatment alternatives to dicofol, pecan trees treated with bifenazate had similar predatory mite abundance to the non-treated control.
Reduction in Emergence of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Sweet Cherries with Different Egg and Larval Distributions Using Newer Insecticides
Authors: Yee Wee L.
Published: September 2017

Western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the major insect pest of sweet cherry, Prunus avium (L.) L., in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. To reduce fly populations in unharvested fruit following the completion of commercial harvest, it is important to control immature stages in cherry fruit. In this study, the goals were to (1) identify the susceptibility of the eggs and larvae to neonicotinoid and other insecticides and (2) determine the effects of these insecticides on larval emergence from sweet cherries with different egg and larval distributions (the relative percentages of different stages). Only 3.3% of eggs exposed for 15 sec to thiacloprid hatched, whereas 25.0 - 41.0% of eggs exposed to water only, spinosad, and imidacloprid hatched. Larval mortalities in cherries 48 - 52 h after being treated with imidacloprid, thiacloprid and acetamiprid were 50.0 - 66.7%, significantly higher than the 24.0% mortality in untreated cherries. Imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, and clothianidin were equally effective in reducing larval emergence when sprayed on cherries in which eggs were 94.2% of the immature stages, but imidacloprid and acetamiprid appeared to be the most effective when sprayed on cherries in which eggs were only 19.7% and 53.8% of the immature stages. Results indicate neonicotinoids are toxic to eggs and larvae of R. indifferens and that all are more effective in cherries against eggs than larvae. For fly control, the time interval between the last spray directed against adult flies and the first postharvest spray of neonicotinoids should be no more than 1 wk, to reduce chances eggs hatch and larvae develop.
A Taxonomic Review of the Species of Four Genera of Pterostichinae (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from South-Central Turkey
Authors: Avgın Sakine Serap , Emre İskender
Published: September 2017

Fourteen species and subspecies belonging to the genera Poecilus Bonelli, Pterostichus Bonelli, Tapinopterus Schaum, and Zabrus Clairville (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichinae) were taxonomically reviewed in this study. The specimens studied were collected during 2004 and 2005 from localities between 550 and 1810 m in elevation above sea level from different habitats (steppe, macchie, and forest biomes), primarily in the province of Kahramanmaraş but also in the neighboring provinces of Adana, Adiyaman, Gaziantep, Kayseri, Malatya, and Sivas, situated in south-central Turkey, in the Taurus Mountains, and mostly within the Taurus refugium. Each taxon was characterized with descriptive keys, descriptions of structural features, and photographs of habitus (male and female) and male genitalia. Species collected and examined represent 23% (3 species) of the Poecilus species, 6% (4 species) of the Pterostichus species, 4% (1 species) of the Tapinopterus species, and 13% (6 species) of the Zabrus species reportedly occurring in Turkey. Collection localities, coordinates, and elevations, as well as the known distribution in Turkey and their chorotypes are reported. The preponderance of endemic species (8 of 14) in the study are expected to part of one of the Anatolian refugia.
A Technique for Distinguishing Virgin and Mated Males of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Hu Yang , Andow D. A.
Published: September 2017

Studies on the mating history of male Lepidoptera are generally lacking because of difficulties in determining male mating status. In previous studies, presence/absence of pigmented fluids inside the male primary simplex have been used successfully for determining mating status. However, males of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), have creamy white fluids in the primary simplex instead of pigmented fluids, so presence/absence of pigmented fluids inside the primary simplex cannot be used to assess mating status in this species. We developed a scoring system for the fluids inside the primary simplex that allowed us to classify O. nubilalis male mating status and the timing of copulation. The scoring system relies on differences in the fluids in the 1st, 2nd and 7th segments of the primary simplex. Males known to be virgins, mated <1d previously and mated >1d previously could be distinguished with a 6.3% error rate. The method was verified on 41 males in a blind study, with 100% accurate classification of the males.
Diagnosis and Variation in Appearance of Brown Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Injury on Apple
Authors: Leskey Tracy C. , Short Brent D. , Wright Starker E. , Brown Mark W.
Published: September 2017

Adult brown stink bugs, Euschistus servus (Say), were caged individually on limbs with apple fruit of 6 cultivars in research orchards in West Virginia. Studies were performed to describe specific characteristics of damage that could be used for field and/or laboratory diagnosis of stink bug injury to apple fruit at harvest. These characteristics were separated into surface and subsurface features. On the apple surface, 3 prevailing types of stink bug injury were observed in the field: (1) a discolored dot, i.e., stink bug feeding puncture; (2) a discolored dot with a depression in the fruit; and (3) a discolored dot with a discolored depression in the fruit. Subsurface characters were related to the extent of damage observed on the fruit skin. Common subsurface damage ranged from a stylet sheath to corky tissue of variable color, shape, and size that sometimes was not contiguous with the skin. Laboratory evaluations under a dissecting microscope revealed that the size of the stink bug feeding puncture was ~0.17 mm diam. This character was the only consistent, definitive symptom of stink bug injury present among all observed damage. Due to variability in other surface and subsurface characters, and potential problems with visual apparency of injury in the field, evaluations of suspected stink bug damage should be performed with 40X magnification in the laboratory to confirm the presence of stink bug feeding punctures.
Phenology and Egg Production of the Cactus Moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Comparison of Field Census Data and Life Stage Development in the Field
Authors: Legaspi Jesusa Crisostomo , Baez Ignacio , Legaspi Benjamin C.
Published: September 2017

Natural phenology and development of the cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), was studied under field conditions in St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, St. Marks, FL, from July 2006 to September 2007. Pads of cactus (Opuntia stricta Haw. [Cactaceae]) were visually surveyed weekly for presence of moth immature stages. Adult male C. cactorum populations were surveyed using a pheromone lure and wing style sticky traps. The field census data identified 3 generations per year which generally occurred in August to September, October to April, and May to July. Numbers of eggsticks peaked in midAugust, midOctober and midApril. High numbers of early larval immatures (1st to 3rd instars) were recorded in October 2006, May 2007 and September 2007. High numbers of late-stage larvae (4th to 5th instar) were recorded in September to October 2006, December to January 2006, June to July 2007. Peak numbers of Cactoblastis male adults occurred approximately in midOctober 2006, April to May 2007, and July to August 2007. Pupae were cryptic and difficult to sample. Development in field cages was studied by introducing cohorts of moth eggs on potted cactus plants (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) into the field at approximately the same times they were found to occur naturally. During the course of each generation, the potted plants were returned to the laboratory for determination of moth lifestage. Body weights and lengths also were recorded. In the field cages, 3 generations were observed and these coincided with the populations that were observed in the open field. However, the generations were more clearly defined because eggs were introduced as cohorts and most insects were recovered. Measurements of larval head capsules and body lengths show that development in the winter generation is slower than that of the summer and fall generations, although peak measurements are approximately identical in all 3 generations. Female pupae weighed 225.25 (± 4.8 SE) mg which was significantly heavier than males weighing 138.01 (± 5.5) mg. Pupal weights differed according to generation, but there was no effect on adult weight. Female adults weighed 130.3 (± 11.3) mg, compared with males, which weighed 60.81 (± 2.4) mg. Adult sex ratio was approximately 1:1. Male adults appeared to have emerged earlier than females in the fall generation.
Conversor Boost-Flyback Com Células Multiplicadoras De Tensão Para Aplicação Em Fontes Alternativas
Authors: Manuel Santos Spencer Andrade António , Mattos Everson , Leães Hey Hélio , Schuch Luciano , Lúcio da Silva Martins Mário
Published: September 2017

Este artigo propõe um conversor CC-CC de alto ganho de tensão. O conversor proposto é resultado da combinação dos conversores Boost e Flyback com células multiplicadoras de tensão, utilizando apenas um interruptor. As suas principais características são: alto ganho de tensão; baixo esforço de tensão no interruptor, possibilitando assim, o uso de um MOSFET com baixo VDSS, cuja característica acarreta em um baixo RDS(on); baixo de esforço de tensão nos diodos, permitindo o uso de diodos schottky; a energia da dispersante do indutor acoplado é reciclada naturalmente. A análise estática com etapas de operação, formas de onda do conversor no modo de condução continua são mostradas. Com o objetivo de verificar o desempenho do conversor proposto, um protótipo foi implementado considerando um painel fotovoltaico de 250 W, alçando uma eficiência de 95,8 %.
Desenvolvimento De Um Phase-Locked Loop A Partir De Um Combinador Linear De Fourier
Authors: De Barros Junior Odair , Frizera Neto Anselmo , Frizera Encarnação Lucas
Published: September 2017

Este artigo apresenta a implementação de um Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) por meio de uma estrutura composta de um Fourier Linear Combiner (FLC) e um Weighted-Frequency Fourier Linear Combiner (WFLC). Esta estrutura, denominada FLC/WFLC cumpre as recomendações do Standard IEEE 1057 para detecção de ondas senoidais em observações discretas no tempo, sendo amplamente utilizadas na engenharia biomédica para a detecção de frequências de tremores humanos. De forma a comprovar o funcionamento do algoritmo proposto, o FLC/WFLC foi comparado com o MSOGI-PLL em testes experimentais para distúrbios de amplitude, frequência, fase e harmônicos de um sistema monofásico.
Uma Avaliação De Métodos De Controle Preditivo Aplicados A Um Motor De Indução
Authors: Ferreira Barros Filho Adjair , Elvis Carvalho Souza Francisco , Pereira dos Santos Júnior Luciano , Soares Batista Lopes José , Ortiz Salazar Andrés , Luiz Almeida da Silva Werbeth
Published: September 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa em relação ao desempenho dinâmico, entre os controladores preditivos bilinear compensado, preditivo bilinear, preditivo linear e um PI clássico aplicados a uma planta não linear constituída por um motor de indução. O sistema é composto por um motor de indução trifásico de 2.2 kW, 4 polos, 60 Hz com o rotor em gaiola, acionado por uma bancada de testes localizada no Laboratório de Acionamento de Máquinas da UFRN. São apresentados resultados dinâmicos para uma variação de ± 5% do valor da velocidade mecânica e para uma variação de ±10%, no valor da carga nominal aplicada ao motor. Os resultados comprovaram que os controladores preditivos bilineares, com destaque para o bilinear compensado, produziram uma melhor dinâmica e foram mais representativos, quando comparados com os controladores lineares em análise, isto é, o PI e o controlador preditivo linear.
Livros de matemática na América Espanhola, durante o século XIX
Authors: Carvalho João Bosco Pitombeira de
Published: September 2017

Abordaremos os livros de matemática usados no século XIX, em alguns dos países latino-americanos de colonização espanhola, em vários níveis da escolaridade, visando a despertar o interesse por uma rica área de pesquisa Mostraremos o papel importante desempenhado por Benito Bails e José Mariano Vallejo e a contribuição independente, praticamente desconhecida, de Indalécio Liévano para a fundamentação dos números reais. O desenvolvimento do trabalho deixa claro, esperamos, as diferenças entre a produção de livros de matemática na América de colonização espanhola e a de colonização portuguesa.
Conversão de registros de representação semiótica: análise guiada pela teoria da relevância
Authors: Andrade Filho Bazilicio Manoel de , Rauen Fábio José
Published: September 2017

Analisamos neste estudo como relações de relevância (Sperber & Wilson, 1986, 1995) superordenam as atividades cognitivas de identificação de unidades significativas, de conversão e de tratamento em Matemática (Duval, 2008, 2009). Para tanto, aplicamos o mecanismo de interpretação guiado pela noção teórica de relevância à resolução equivocada de um problema de cálculo de volume de um prisma representando uma barra de ouro (Dante, 2005) por estudantes do terceiro ano do ensino médio. Os resultados demonstram que a proposição do problema em língua natural e a representação deitada da barra levaram os estudantes a mapear a sequência lexical ‘altura da barra’ corretamente como altura do trapézio e incorretamente como altura do prisma. Isso sugere que os estudantes estão mobilizando o conceito altura antes como aquilo que é vertical do que como um segmento de reta perpendicular às bases e compreendido entre elas.
Grupos colaborativos na formação de professores: uma revisão sistemática de trabalhos brasileiros
Authors: Coelho Maria Aparecida Vilela Mendonça Pinto
Published: September 2017

Este estudo está inserido no grupo de trabalhos da segunda fase do projeto “Mapeamento e estado da arte da pesquisa brasileira sobre o professor que ensina matemática” o qual visou mapear as pesquisas brasileiras produzidas no período de 2001 a 2012, cujo foco de estudo é o professor que ensina Matemática. O objetivo é compreender o grupo colaborativo e suas potencialidades para a formação do professor que ensina Matemática, tomando como objeto de investigação as pesquisas que têm o grupo colaborativo como foco principal de estudo. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão sistemática, que reúne as pesquisas dos estudos primários selecionados e discute os resultados encontrados, com o objetivo de elaborar   uma metassíntese qualitativa. Concluiu-se que o grupo colaborativo tem potencial para promover o desenvolvimento profissional do professor, sendo uma boa alternativa para a formação continuada. Apesar dos limites, que são contornáveis, os ganhos são muitos.
Is compliance with lifestyle modifications dependent on sociodemographic factors and awareness of HF symptoms? Impact of lifestyle changes on HF patients’ wellbeing.
Authors: Krzyżanowska Marta Olga , Moryson Wacław Bernard , Prokop Edyta , Migaj Jacek , Grajek Stefan
Published: September 2017

Aim. The aim of this study was to obtain information, whether patients with heart failure (HF) follow medical indications and if there are any sociodemographic differences between compliant and noncompliant patients and how lifestyle changes contribute to the patients’ wellbeing.Material and Methods. A survey was carried out in 198 patients hospitalized in I Clinic of Cardiology in Poznan. Patients were divided into groups: P1- no lifestyle changes, P2- 1 of 4 verified lifestyle modifications, P3- 2 or 3 verified lifestyle modifications, P4- all 4 verified lifestyle modifications.Results. People over the age of 65 mostly constitute groups of low compliance (p = 0,055). Men are more eager to change their lifestyle (91,4% in P3 and 85,7% in P4). Women belong mainly to groups with low compliance (p = 0,0001). Respondents who reported condition improvement were less likely to describe decreased sexual activity (59,6% vs 38,2%, p = 0,078), which acted as an important determinant of family relations. However, our analysis demonstrated a non-significant impact of adherence to indicated lifestyle modifications on patients’ wellbeingConclusions. Compliant patients are statistically younger and more often male. Level of education is the least important determinant of compliance. There is no significant impact of adherence to indicated lifestyle modifications on patient’s wellbeing. Compliant patients are less likely to reduce their sexual activity, which showed to be an important family relationship factor.
Determining the title to appear before court in cases of indemnity for damages caused to patients
Authors: Stępniak Piotr
Published: September 2017

The issue of the title to appear before court mentioned in the title, is poorly known both to patients and to medical staff, in particular to doctors. However, in practice this is very important because of the growing number of cases of this type pending before the regional medical adjudication committees, as well as common courts. For that reason, it is worth discussing legal regulations in this field. This is also the purpose of the author of this publication.
Quantitative Activity Structure Relationship (QSAR) of a Series of Azetidinones Derived from Dapsone by the Method of Density Functional Theory (DFT)
Authors: N’DRI Jean Stéphane , KONÉ Mamadou Guy-Richard , KODJO Charles Guillaume , AFFI Sopi Thomas , KABLAN Ahmont Landry Claude , OUATTARA Ouanlo , Soroand Doh , ZIAO Nahossé
Published: September 2017

This QSAR study, which involved a series of Azetidinones derived from 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (dapsone), yielded two models based on molecular descriptors and the antibacterial activities Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.The molecular descriptors were obtained by applying the methods of quantum chemistry at the B3LYP/6-31G (d) level. The statistical indicators of the first model which is a function of the Escherichia coli activity are: the coefficient of determination R2 equals 0.992, the standard deviation S equals 0.342, the Fischer coefficient F equals 185.088 and the cross-validation coefficient Q2CV equals 0.992. Those of the second model showing the activity of Staphylococcus aureus are: the regression coefficient R2= 0.987, a standard deviation S=0.193, the Fischer coefficient F=114.955 and the cross-validation coefficient Q2CV= 0.987. These models have good statistical performances. The quantum descriptors of dipole moment (μ), global softness (σ) and electronegativity (χ) are responsible of the antibacterial activity of the Azetidinones derived from dapsone. In addition, the dipole moment is the priority descriptor for the prediction of the antibacterial activity of the studied compounds. The Eriksson et al. acceptance criteria used for the test set is verified. The values of the dtheo/dexp ratio of the theoretical and experimental activities for the test set tend towards unity.
MHD mixed convection heat transfer over a non-linear slender elastic sheet with variable fluid properties
Authors: Prasad K. V. , Vaidya Hanumesh , Vajravelu K.
Published: September 2017

An analysis is presented for mixed convection and heat transfer in a viscous electrically conducting fluid flow at an impermeable stretching vertical sheet with variable thickness. The nonlinear equations that describe the fluid flow, and heat transfer processes have been solved using the Keller-box method. A limited parametric study is undertaken to determine the sensitivity and changes in the flow and temperature fields with respect to variations in the buoyancy parameter, the temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity parameters, the plate velocity power index, and the Prandtl number which are presented in graphical and tabulated formats. To validate the results, comparisons are made with the available results in the literature for some special cases and the results are found to be in good agreement. The effects of embedded parameters on the dimensionless velocity profiles and temperature are examined through graphs. The variation of Local Nusselt number is also analysed. One of the important findings of our study is that the velocity distribution at a point near the plate decreases as the wall thickness parameter increases and hence the thickness of the boundary layer becomes thinner when m < 1. Further, the effect of the magnetic field is to reduce the fluid velocity and to increase the temperature field.
Quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate the health risk from exposure to noroviruses in polluted surface water in South Africa
Authors: Van Abel Nicole , Mans Janet , Taylor Maureen B.
Published: September 2017

This study assessed the risks posed by noroviruses (NoVs) in surface water used for drinking, domestic, and recreational purposes in South Africa (SA), using a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) methodology that took a probabilistic approach coupling an exposure assessment with four dose-response models to account for uncertainty. Water samples from three rivers were found to be contaminated with NoV GI (80–1,900 gc/L) and GII (420–9,760 gc/L) leading to risk estimates that were lower for GI than GII. The volume of water consumed and the probabilities of infection were lower for domestic (2.91 × 10−8 to 5.19 × 10−1) than drinking water exposures (1.04 × 10−5 to 7.24 × 10−1). The annual probabilities of illness varied depending on the type of recreational water exposure with boating (3.91 × 10−6 to 5.43 × 10−1) and swimming (6.20 × 10−6 to 6.42 × 10−1) being slightly greater than playing next to/in the river (5.30 × 10−7 to 5.48 × 10−1). The QMRA was sensitive to the choice of dose-response model. The risk of NoV infection or illness from contaminated surface water is extremely high in SA, especially for lower socioeconomic individuals, but is similar to reported risks from limited international studies.
Removing 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous environments by heterogeneous catalytic ozonation using synthesized MgO nanoparticles
Authors: Mohammadi Leili , Bazrafshan Edris , Noroozifar Meissam , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , Barahuie Farahnaz , Balarak Davoud
Published: September 2017

2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is one of the seriously toxic chlorophenol compounds found in agricultural environments, in water disinfected by chlorine, and in outgoing effluents from the pulp and paper industries and paper manufacturing factories. This research studied the feasibility of using MgO nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) as a catalyst in the ozonation process for removing 2,4-DCP from aqueous environments under laboratory conditions. This study was conducted using a laboratory-scale semi-continuous reactor. It studied the effects of critical variables such as solution pH, ozonation time, dose of MgO-NPs and initial 2,4-DCP concentration. A statistical model of response surface model (RSM) was designed and utilized to obtain the optimum experimental conditions. Analysis of the data showed that initial concentration of 2,4-DCP and dose of MgO-NPs had the maximum effect on the response variable (percentage degradation of 2,4-DCP). Moreover, based on analysis of variance on the model, the optimum removal conditions were reaction time of 50 min, pH > 7, initial 2,4-DCP concentration of less than 50 mg/L, and an MgO-NPs dose of 0.3 mg/L. Under these optimum conditions, a removal efficiency of 99.99% was achieved. In addition, results indicated that catalytic ozonation in the presence of MgO-NPs was very efficient at removing 2,4-DCP from aqueous environments.
Impact on nitrifiers of full-scale bioaugmentation
Authors: Stenström F. , la Cour Jansen J.
Published: September 2017

Nitrifiers are the slowest growing bacteria used in conventional biological wastewater treatment. Furthermore, their growth rate is seriously hampered by low temperature. As a result, the volume needed for nitrification dominates the volume of the biological reactors at a wastewater treatment plant. As a way of enhancing nitrification and reducing this volume, bioaugmentation can be used. Nitrifiers from a side-stream plant can be inoculated to the mainstream process, which is thereby boosted. The effect of bioaugmentation can be measured in different ways. This full-scale study focuses on the effect of bioaugmentation from a microbial point of view by using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The study reveals how bioaugmentation increases the diversity of nitrifiers in the mainstream process and in the side-stream plant; that the abundance of nitrifiers is increased in the mainstream process; the interaction between nitrifiers from the side-stream plant and mainstream process; and the effect of bioaugmentation on nitrifying genera and species over time. To our knowledge, this detailed microbial information on nitrifying species during a full-scale bioaugmentation study has not been presented before.
Preliminary study on flora of Orchha wildlife sanctuary (Madhya Pradesh), India.
Authors: Shrivastava Vineet K. , Hore Upamanyu , Kala Jagdish C. , Srivastava Arpita
Published: September 2017

Assessment of flora species which form an integral part of animal ecology, in wildlife based protected areas is necessary before any meaningful conservation work can commence. Understanding floral diversity is important for helping forests managers to evaluate the complexity and resources. Substantial literature is not available on floral diversity of the Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary as a ready reference and thus require to take up study of flora of the sanctuary to fill the gap. Orchha Sanctuary is situated between Betwa and Jamni rivers of Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. The total area of the sanctuary is 45.86 square kilometer, which includes both land and water bodies. The extensive floristic exploration of Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary was carried out. The floristic composition was recorded by making visual observations. Specimen samples were collected at different reproductive stages to prepare herbarium and substantiate their correct identity. Forests in Orchha Sanctuary are Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests and Kardhai Forests. The forests are predominately covered by Teak and Kardhai. Other species like Haldu, Sejha, Arjun, Saja, Khair, Achar and mahua are scattered all over the area. 42 genera of Angiosperms comprising 23 families occured in the Sanctuary. The prominently represented family in terms of highest number of genera is Leguminosae comprising 11 genera. The study on floral diversity in the sanctuary will serve as a basic tool that will enable other researcher and managers of the sanctuary to further take up studies on biodiversity assessment and vegetation structure.
GREEN SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTHELMINTHIC ACTIVITY OF NEWER QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES CONTAINING ACRIDINE MOIETY
Authors: Naga Raju Gollapalli
Published: September 2017

Objectives: Synthesis of newer 3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-9-(2-chloro-6-substituted-quinolin-3-yl)-acridine-1,8(2H,5H,9H,10H)-diones were synthesized by reacting 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione with substituted 2-chloro-quinoline-3-carbaldehyde in presence of ammonium acetate.Methods: Synthesis was carried out by microwave irradiation method and the synthesized compounds have been characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and further supported by mass spectroscopy. Purity of all the compounds has been checked on thin layer chromatographic plate and high-performance liquid chromatography technique. All the synthesized compounds were tested for antibacterial and anthelminthic activities.Results: The results were revealed that the compounds AQ-4 and AQ-5 have showed good activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Compounds AQ-4 and AQ-5 showed moderate activity against all the organisms. However, all the derivatives have shown less antibacterial activity when compared to the standard drug amikacin. The compounds AQ-3 and AQ-5 showed good anthelminthic activity and compounds AQ-9 and AQ-10 showed moderate anthelminthic activity. However, all the compounds have shown less anthelmintic activity when compared to the standard drug albendazole.Conclusion: The study reveals that compounds containing quinoline derivatives with acridine moiety shown the antibacterial activity against the pathogens Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These derivatives also possess the good anthelmintic activity. The above green synthesis technique could be a right solution for industrial applications in the future and therapeutic needs.
AWARENESS OF DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG GENERAL PUBLIC IN SHAH ALAM, MALAYSIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Qamar Muhammad , Rashid Raiz , Ahmad Sohail , Shaikh Faiz Ahmad , Ismail Nahlah Elkudssiah
Published: September 2017

Objective: Despite the improved healthcare and frequent community-ridden educational awareness campaigns, the prevalence of diabetes is enormously increasing and 50% of the Malaysian adults with diabetes are still unaware of their disease status. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the awareness of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the general public of Shah Alam, Malaysia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in five urban areas of Shah Alam. A total of 350 participants were conveniently recruited using a pre-validated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised two main parts, including the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents and a 24-item Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Science® using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The overall mean (±standard deviation) score of DM knowledge of participants was 11.11±6.09. Among 350 respondents, more than half claimed that medication is more important than lifestyle modification in DM management. 81.7% did not know about the frequent urination and thirst are signs of DM. 82.3% had a misconception that diabetes is caused by failure of the kidneys to keep sugar out of the urine. The knowledge score was statistically significant difference across the categories of level of education, monthly income, occupations, and family history of diabetes.Conclusion: Majority of enrolled respondents possessed moderate level of awareness and misconceptions regarding diabetes and its management. Hence, there is a need for collective efforts toward improving the level of awareness through community awareness campaigns, to improve the self-management of DM.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF A PROTEASE INHIBITOR ISOLATED FROM THE RHIZOME OF CURCUMA AMADA
Authors: R Sangeetha , R Padmini
Published: September 2017

Objective: Protease inhibitors (PIs) are effective antimicrobial agents, and this study was aimed to study the antibacterial efficacy of a PI isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma amada.Methods: A proteinaceous protease inhibitor was isolated from the rhizome of C. amada and purified by Sephadex G-50 gel permeation chromatography. The purified inhibitor was denoted as Curcuma amada protease inhibitor (CAPI). The antibacterial effect of CAPI against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CAPI was studied in vitro, and the membrane disruption activity of CAPI was also analyzed.Results: CAPI was effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with slightly higher concentrations required for Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC ranged from 75 to 100 μg/ml and the MBC ranged from 100 to 125 μg/ml of CAPI. The study of membrane disruption by CAPI revealed the release of cell contents, namely, reducing sugars and proteins from the bacterial cell.Conclusion: A PI was effectively isolated from the rhizome of C. amada, and the isolated inhibitor proved to be a promising antibacterial agent.
ALLIUM SATIVUM LINN. CONTAINS LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATES THAT ALTER MEMBRANE FLUIDITY FOR THE INHIBITION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS H37RA
Authors: Muniyan Rajiniraja , Varatharajan Sabareesh , Naz Saba , Nandicoori Vinay K , Gurunathan Jayaraman
Published: September 2017

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to characterize antimycobacterial phytoconstituent from ethyl acetate extract of dried bulbs of Allium sativum Linn. (Alliaceae) and elucidating the probable mode of action of the bioactive molecule.Methods: Serial extraction, Mycobacterium tuberculosis assay by agar well diffusion method, minimal inhibitory concentration by microplate alamar blue assay, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS, cell leakage assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inhibition property of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in the presence of rifampicin on M. tuberculosis were performed.Results: Ethyl acetate extract displayed significant inhibition properties against M. tuberculosis H37Ra (MTCC 300). Subsequently, the bioactivity-guided fractionation was employed to purify the phytochemical. Analysis of FT-IR, LC-MS (ESI), 1H, and13C-NMR spectrum revealed that the bioactive phytochemicals are the variants of LAS, with C12-alkyl being predominant, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be 5.56 μg/ml. Morphological examination by SEM and cell leakage assay indicated that these molecules change the membrane fluidity.Conclusion: The results thus suggest the possibility of using low concentrations of LAS to effect changes in membrane fluidity, thereby enhancing the efficacy of antibiotic treatment.
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF AN ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANT, SARCOSTEMMA VIMINALE (L.) R.BR. FROM THAR DESERT, RAJASTHAN (INDIA)
Authors: Sunita Arora , Sonam Meena , Ganesh Kumar
Published: September 2017

Objective: Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R. Br. is one of the important endangered medicinal plants belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the possible bioactive phytochemicals from stem of S. viminale (L.) R. Br. using methanol, chloroform, and hexane as solvents.Methods: Plant material was collected from typical conditions of Indian Thar Desert in the month of July-September, 2016. This plant always grows in association with the congeneric plant, Euphorbia caducifolia. The phytochemical compounds were investigated using Perkin-Elmer gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology library.Results: Maximum % area is found for Lup-20-(29)-en-3-yl acetate is present maximum amount (40.85%) with reaction time (RT)=43.787 minutes, followed by 4, 4, 6A, 6B, 8A, 11, 11, 14B-octamethyl-1, 4, 4A, 5, 6, 6A, 6B, 7, 8, 8A, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12A, 14, 14A, 14B-octadecahydro-2H-picen-3- one$$olean-12-en-3-one# (13.74%) with RT=44.420 minutes in the methanolic extract; acetic acid 4, 4, 6A, 8A, 11, 12, 14B-octamethyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 4A, 5, 6, 6A, 6B, 7, 8, 8A, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12A, 14, 14A, 14B-eicosahydro-picen-3-yl ester $$ urs-12-en-3-yl acetate is present maximum amount (44.98%) with RT=48.265 minutes, followed by. beta.-amyrin (18.51%) with RT=40.580 minutes in the chloroform extract; acetic acid 4, 4, 6A, 8A, 11, 12, 14B-octamethyl-1, 2, 3, 4, 4A, 5, 6, 6A, 6B, 7, 8, 8A, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12A, 14, 14A, 14B-eicosahydro-picen-3-yl ester $$ urs-12-en-3-yl acetate is present maximum amount (45.47%) with RT=48.514 minutes, followed by. beta.-amyrin (19.21%) with RT=40.555 minutes in the hexane extract of stem of S. viminale (L.) R. Br.Conclusion: Medicinal plants contain one or more substances that can be used for therapeutic purpose; they are used by the world population for their basic health needs. The importance of the study is to investigate the pinpoint biological activity of some of these compounds so that they can be used by pharma or some other drug designing industry to find a novel drug.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON LITERATURE EVIDENCE, CLINICAL STUDIES AND PRACTICES OF HERBAL DRUGS FOR DIABETIC NEUROPATHY AND CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Shamim Arshiya , Siddiqui Hefazat Hussain , Mahmood Tarique , Bagga Paramdeep , Kumar Ranjan
Published: September 2017

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic disease that eventually advances to a chronic stage and affects different vital organs by intensifying the underlying pathological factors, and through the remodeling of the tissues by the generation of reactive oxygen species leading to the development of respective organ failure. Two such complications are painful neuropathy and cardiomyopathy; both of which are common and progressive complications of diabetes. The symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include tingling, burning, lancinating pain, hyperesthesia, and allodynia. The course of the disease progression may vary from intermittent, mild symptoms to severe chronic, and daily pain; which culminates into poor quality of life. Another complication of diabetes mellitus, diabetic cardiomyopathy, is defined as a ventricular dysfunction disorder that occurs in diabetic patients. The development of the disease is characterized by a hidden subclinical period, during which cellular, structural changes and abnormalities lead to diastolic dysfunction, followed by systolic dysfunction, and terminating into heart failure. Left ventricular hypertrophy, metabolic abnormalities, extracellular matrix changes, small vessel disease, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are the most important pathological advancements that lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Various pharmaceutical agents from different pharmacological categories have been proposed for the symptomatic treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy; however, it is a herculean task to select a drug due to the wide range of choices and lack of consistent guidelines for treatment. Similarly, treatment of cardiomyopathy is based on the general therapeutic rules of management of heart failure and no specifications have yet been addressed for this condition. Therefore, more studies are required to improve our knowledge of these complex syndromes. From this perspective, this review is designed to delineate a general overview of neuropathy and cardiomyopathy, referring to the conventional therapies in use and possible unconventional, natural, herbal, and safe treatments for both the above-mentioned complications of diabetes.
LAMOTRIGINE INDUCED DRESS SYNDROME
Authors: Agarwal Saurab , Ommurugan Balaji , Priya Amita , Amberkar Mohan , Kamalkishore Meena Kumari
Published: September 2017

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, is a type of hypersensitivity reaction, mainly due to anti-epileptic drugs. Lamotrigine is a newer broad spectrum antiepileptic that can be used in both children and adults. Lamotrigine induced DRESS syndrome is a rare case with incidence of 1/1000 to 1/10000. This syndrome manifests as rash, fever, tender lymphadenopathies, hepatitis, and eosinophilia. This case highlights the need for early diagnosis and treatment of such a rare and life threatening event because early detection of the condition leads to early recovery of the patient. Further re-exposure to the drug should be avoided.
EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF MANGIFERA INDICA L. LEAVES AGAINST URINARY TRACT INFECTION-CAUSING PATHOGENS
Authors: Mahalik Gyanranjan , Sahoo Sabuj , Satapathy Kunja Bihari
Published: September 2017

Objective: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of different active compounds and their concentrations in different extracts of Mangifera indica L. leaves which can reduce the incidence of pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs).Methods: Leaves of M. indica L. were extracted in petroleum ether, methanol, and ethanol solvents by Soxhlet apparatus and screened for presence of secondary metabolites, antibacterial, and antifungal activities (agar well diffusion methods). The antimicrobial efficacy of different extracts was tested against UTI-causing organisms such as Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis.Results: Leaves of M. indica revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acid, saponins, phenolics, tannins, sterols, and glycosides. Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of M. indica actively showed the presence of all the phytochemical constituents. All the test bacterial strains were found sensitive to ethanolic and aqueous extracts of M. indica leaves while P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, and S. flexineri showed resistance to petroleum ether extracts. Aspergillus niger was resistant to all the extracts of M. indica leaves, whereas C. tropicalis, C. krusei, and C. albicans demonstrated sensitivity toward ethanolic extracts. Higher concentrations of methanolic and petroleum ether extracts were capable of inhibiting the growth of fungal strains such as C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei, whereas C. tropicalis was sensitive to all the extracts.Conclusion: The extracts of M. indica leaves can be used as herbal cure to treat UTIs caused by different microorganisms.
THE ROLE OF SYNAPSIN I IN INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING MECHANISMS UNDERLIES EXERCISE-INDUCED IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL MEMORY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Margiana Ria , Suprapto Akmal Primadian
Published: September 2017

Objective: Intracellular signaling mechanism is an important biological function, as scholars continue to seek new ways of improving social memory. Researchers have conducted several studies on the role of synapsin I in intracellular signaling mechanism. This study assessed the empirical evidence that shows the role of synapsin I in intracellular signaling mechanism with the aim of achieving exercise-induced improvement in social memory.Methods: Nine previously conducted researches were reviewed in this paper. The included studies were controlled laboratory experiments involving mice as the subjects.Results: Although the studies included were done in different timelines, the researchers agreed in unison that synapsin I plays a crucial role in cell signaling. The outcome of the practical studies was vital in understanding function and physiology of human cells, which is fundamental in science and human anatomy.Conclusion: In particular, the findings shows how exercise can improve social memory by triggering the intracellular signaling mechanism. The limited number of studies addressing the topic of intracellular cell signaling suggests that more study is needed to provide more evidence on the issue.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC ON LEVEL OF STRESS AMONG PARENTS OF THE NEONATES ADMITTED IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT, TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KARAD
Authors: Kharat Dhanraj Prakash , Hiremath Prabhuswami , Choudhari Samir K
Published: September 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was (1) to assess the level of stress among the parents of neonate admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), (2) to determine the effectiveness of instrumental music on the level of stress among parents of the neonates admitted in NICU, and (3) to find out association between level of stress and sociodemographic variables.Methods: The research approach adopted for this study was an evaluative approach, and research design was a one-group pre- and post-test research design. The study was conducted in NICU, Krishna Hospital, Karad, Maharashtra, India. The sample consists of 60 parents of neonates admitted in NICU. A convenient sampling technique was used to select the sample. Parents were allowed to listen instrumental music two times a day for 5 days, and each session lasted for 30 minutes. The data were collected by structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The mean pretest stress score was 22.68, the mean post-test stress score was 12.86, and the mean difference of pretest and post-test stress score was 9.82. The reduction in the stress score was found statistically significant at the level of p<0.001.Conclusion: The findings reveal that the instrumental music is effective in reducing level of stress among parents of neonates admitted in NICU.
PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY OF MATRIX MEMBRANE MODERATED TRANSDERMAL SYSTEM OF BOSENTAN MONOHYDRATE
Authors: Mannam Revathi , Yallamalli Indira Muzib
Published: September 2017

Objective: The objective of the present research work is to carry out the pharmacokinetic studies of optimized matrix membrane moderatedtransdermal patch of bosentan monohydrate.Materials and Methods: The matrix membrane moderated transdermal system was formulated using HPMC, HPMC K4M and E RLPO. In vitrodiffusion studies were carried out using modified Franz diffusion cell and for the optimized transdermal patch, pharmacokinetic studies were carriedout using New Zealand male rabbits. Plasma samples were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results: The in vitro diffusion studies revealed that formulation F3 with HPMC K4M and E RLPO had controlled release up to 28 hrs, and a maximumof 95.02±2.68% drug was released. The release kinetics followed mixed order non-Fickian diffusion. The pharmacokinetic studies of the optimizedpatch revealed controlled release up to 45 hrs where a 2.2-fold increase in area under curve (AUC) and 3.8 times increase in mean residence time(MRT) were observed compared to oral route. The results were appeared to be significant at p≤0.05. The variation in half-life was found to be notstatistically significant when compared between oral and transdermal routes.Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic results concluded that the matrix membrane moderated transdermal system with extended AUC and MRT canenhance the bioavailability of bosentan monohydrate by minimizing the drug-related side effects in oral route.