bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peaceful Revolutions in Algeria and Sudan: the Factor of the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Fakhrutdinova Nailia
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the problem of the post Arabic spring situation. Only three Arab countries remained unchanged in Africa: Morocco, Algeria and Sudan. After a long period of time their protesters remained outside the zone of active action, but over time they appeared in the streets again. The circumstances forced people to take to the streets. Moroccans were in a better situation, but gradually the population of Algeria and Sudan where the situation was especially serious began to criticize the policy of the authorities, although they did it exclusively peacefully. For the first time in Russian African studies, the author assesses all the driving forces of the events at the end of 2020 and early 2021 and, emphasizing the complications brought by the coronavirus pandemic, makes an analytical forecast for the further development of the situation.
Female Combatants in African Wars and Conflicts
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Denisova Tatyana , Kostelyanets Sergey
Published: July 2021

In most Russian and international studies, including African ones, their authors portray African women that reside in areas affected by civil wars and conflicts as victims of violence, robbery, forced labor, etc. At the same time, it is rarely taken into account that in most national liberation movements and rebel groups the number of women fighters constituted and still constitutes 10-30% of their rank and file. Moreover, many women became field commanders, chiefs of intelligence, or were responsible for the supply of weapons and ammunition. The present authors provide a new interpretation of the participation and role of women in the confrontation between armed anti-government factions and the central government. It is noted that in recent decades, not only in Africa, but also in other parts of the world, the trend towards “feminization of the militarization process” has become extremely noticeable. Many women, along with men, participate in acts of violence, including against the civilian population, and thus contribute to the destabilization of the internal political situation. Women most actively participated in hostilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zimbabwe, Côte d’Ivoire, Liberia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Eritrea and Ethiopia. The present paper looks into reasons and consequences of women’s involvement in insurgencies. It is pointed out that while during the years of the national liberation struggle women were motivated by the overarching goal of achieving independence, in later conflicts many of them fought to expand their political and economic rights and opportunities, i.e., to achieve gender equality. In addition to joining “armed groups” for ideological reasons, women tried to prove that they were “no worse than men”; others joined the ranks of the insurgents to protect themselves and other women from violence or death, i.e., they followed a kind of “survival strategy”. Particular attention is paid to suicide bombers, who have been increasingly used by the Islamist organization Boko Haram in recent years. The authors also consider the conditions in which demobilized women-combatants find themselves. The authors conclude that as the level of women’s involvement in African conflicts is constantly growing, it ceases to be an anomaly and to some extent reflects the “successes” achieved by the “fair sex” in the struggle for equality, although the negative consequences of this participation prevail over the positive ones.
ManyDogs 1: A Multi-lab replication study of dogs' pointing comprehension (pre-registered report)
Authors: ManyDogs  , Espinosa Julia , Bray Emily , Buchsbaum Daphna , Byosiere Sarah-Elizabeth , Byrne Molly , Freeman Marianne S. , Gnanadesikan Gitanjali , Guran C.-N. Alexandrina , Horschler Daniel , Huber Ludwig , Johnston Angie Marie , MacLean Evan , Pelgrim Madeline Helmer , Santos Laurie , Silver Zachary A. , Stevens Jeffrey R , Völter Christoph , Zipperling Lena
Published: July 2021

To promote collaboration across canine science, address reproducibility issues, and advance open science practices within animal cognition, we have launched the ManyDogs consortium, modeled on similar ManyX projects in other fields. We aimed to create a collaborative network that (a) uses large, diverse samples to investigate and replicate findings, (b) promotes open science practices of preregistering hypotheses, methods, and analysis plans, (c) investigates the influence of differences across populations and breeds, and (d) examines how different research methods and testing environments influence the robustness of results. Our first study combines a phenomenon that appears to be highly robust—dogs’ ability to follow human pointing—with a question that remains controversial: do dogs interpret pointing as a social communicative gesture or as a simple associative cue? We collected preliminary data (N = 61) from a single laboratory on two conditions of a 2-alternative object choice task: (1) Ostensive (experimenter pointed to a baited cup after making eye-contact and saying the dog’s name); (2) Non-ostensive (experimenter pointed to a baited cup without making eye-contact or saying the dog’s name). Dogs followed the ostensive point, but not the non-ostensive point, significantly more often than expected by chance. Preliminary results also provided suggestive evidence for variability in point-following across dog breeds. The next phase is the global participation stage of the project. We propose to replicate this protocol in a large and diverse sample of research sites, simultaneously assessing replicability between labs and further investigating the question of dogs’ point-following comprehension.
Understanding Patterns and Trends in Income Mobility through Multiverse Analysis
Authors: Engzell Per , Mood Carina
Published: July 2021

Rising inequalities in rich countries have led to concerns that the economic ladder is getting harder to climb. Yet, research on trends in intergenerational income mobility finds conflicting results. To better understand this variation, we adopt a multiverse approach that estimates trends over 82,944 different definitions of income mobility, varying how and for whom income is measured. Our analysis draws on comprehensive register data for Swedish cohorts born 1958–1977 and their parents. We find that income mobility has declined but for reasons neglected by previous research: improved gender equality in the labor market raises intergenerational persistence in women's earnings and the household incomes of both men and women. Dominant theories that focus on childhood investments have blinded researchers to this development. Methodologically, we show how multiverse analysis can be used with abduction—inference to the best explanation—to improve theory building in social science.
Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Dan Pembiayaan Bank Umum Syariah Dalam Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Dan Kecil Di Kecamatan Puuwatu Kota Kendari
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah
Published: July 2021

Salah satu faktor pendukung untuk meningkatkan kinerja UMKM adalah penggunaan teknologi informasi. Tercapainya kinerja yang positif tentunya dengan meningkatkan daya saing UMKM. Penggunaan teknologi informasi akan mampu meningkatkan transformasi bisnis, ketepatan, dan efisiensi pertukaran informasi. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 10 sampel Usaha Mikro dan Kecil ada 90% yang telah memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai sarana pemasaran produk. Media sosial yang dominan digunakan oleh pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil di Kecamatan Puuwatu Kota Kendari adalah media sosial facebook. Media sosial telah memberikan banyak kontribusi terhadap pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil di Kecamatan Puuwatu Kota Kendari yaitu, meningkatkan penjualan produk, membangun kesadaran merek, serta memudahkan interaksi secara online dengan konsumen. Pembiayaan bank umum syariah masih minim dimanfaatkan oleh pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil di Kecamatan Puuwatu Kota Kendari. Dari 10 sampel Usaha Mikro dan Kecil hanya ada 1 pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil yang memanfaatkan pembiayaan di bank umum syariah yaitu dalam bentuk akad mudharabah. Disamping itu mayoritas dari pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil terus memutar keuntungan penjualannya sehingga sangat minim pelaku Usaha Mikro dan Kecil yang menggunakan jasa bank umum syariah dalam menyimpan modal usahanya.
ESTABLISHMENT OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT SYSTEM IN GEORGIA
Authors:   Associate Professor of Georgian Technical University, Georgia, Sulashvili Giorgi , Nadiradze Gocha ,   PhD student of Georgian Technical University, Georgia
Published: July 2021

The government procurement market is a macroeconomic system that includes interacting structural elements within a single system that are an integral part of a country's economic system. The state, as the owner of significant financial resources, acts as the largest subject of market relations in placing budget orders. State procurement (goods, construction works, services) is carried out to meet the most important state needs. Modern market relations have confirmed the need to regulate the process of procurement of goods, services and construction works in country by the state, at the level of an independent institution of executive power/government. In the modern economy, public institutions face the need to regulate the flow of financial resources in order to make procurements for state and social needs, which spending entities must implement efficiently and effectively. In this regard, certain areas of market research are discussed and some conclusions are presented.
Urbanization Models of Mostar in the Period of Austro-Hungarian Rule
Authors: Puljić Borislav
Published: July 2021

In the period of Austro-Hungarian occupation between 1878 and 1918, the City of Mostar had a process of intensive urbanization. In that period, newly arrived engineers (surveyors) transformed the pre-existing Eastern – Ottoman qasaba (provincial town) into a Central European city. This paper revealed four models of urbanization they used in planning. The first model was developed within the existing physical structure of the city through the first regulatory plan. The second model forms the new urban centre using the empty space within the old town. The third and the fourth models expand the city over the river. While the third model forms orthogonal urban blocks, the fourth is a construction of free-standing villas within the Neo-Baroque Square in which six radial streets inflow. The engineers who worked on the regulatory plans were also discovered and presented, as well as the legislative and legal framework within which all these processes took place.
Monetary Institutions and the Emergence of a New Building Type
Authors: Suljić Azra , Šerman Karin
Published: July 2021

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Zagreb witnessed the appearance of a new building typology meant to accommodate various sorts of monetary institutions: banks, savings banks, insurance companies and stock exchanges. This paper presents one important early example of that type – the seat of the Croatian Escompte Bank in Zagreb. It was designed in 1898-1899 by the Vienna-based studio Fellner and Helmer for a prominent location at 3 Ilica Street and it heralded the defining features of the new building type, such as the union of diverse facilities within a single structure, imposing architectural features and overall grand appearance, and a highly prominent role in the urban fabric of the city.
In particular, it contributed to the definition of a spatial and formal scheme for commercial corner buildings, as the most exposed and attractive segments of downtown city blocks. In that sense it served as a productive model for a number of corner buildings intended for business purposes that were to follow.
Split 2 Housing Developments Planned from 1957 to 1968
Authors: Marinović Hrvoje , Mlinar Ivan , Tomšić Ana
Published: July 2021

Split 2 is a significant part of urban and architectural heritage in Split and Croatia. This arises from the scope and reach of the rational urban planning and use of space, inventive architectural design focused on construction technologies, operations and materials which were mainly organized in concentric construction sites of housing developments and areas which predominantly featured standardized residential buildings and residential high-rises in the period from 1957 to 1968.
Influence of Technology on Socio-spatial City Development
Authors: Vujadinović Ljiljana , Perović Svetlana K.
Published: July 2021

This paper is studying influence of new technologies on city development with accent on socio-spatial dimension. The primary goal of the paper is to point out the reflections of earlier ideas in the context of modern technological processes in cities. All social, technical and technological components of a community, and finally civilization, are reflected within space of the city. Although having remained the greatest consumer of many material goods, city has also become a ‘’producer’’ of many technical-technological and spiritual values of civilization. Taking into account acceleration of phenomena in the world of technology and technology featuring modernity, it reasonably brings a question on realistic chance for prediction of their further course and related social changes that are about to cause it. In many scenarios of urban future, one can sense the idea of a city as a result of high technological achievements of civilization. Special attention is paid on informational city which, connecting a lot of people into systems of interactive information technology change the way of their mutual communication, as well as their social life and culture of behaviour. Measure of organization and function of city is set by telecommunication technologies, information, and computers. If city is a ‘’print of a society in space’’, then a contemporary moment refers to ‘’digitalization’’ of human beings, digitalization of their interactions, new aesthetics, value and other criteria. The tendency of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of new technologies on 21st century cities interpreted primarily through the prism of certain theoretical and experimental ideas and concepts of the 20th century.
Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Nelayan Tangkap di Kelurahan Kolakaasi Kabupaten Kolaka
Authors: Mujaddid Ashabul , Nugroho Fentiny
Published: July 2021

Kondisi sosial ekonomi para nelayan di Kelurahan Kolakaasi menggambarkan aktivitas kerja, relasi dalam masyarakat dan pemanfaatan aset sebagai modal dalam mengembangkan kapasitas. Mereka bekerja sebagai nelayan pada Kapal Bagan yang beroperasi pada kurun waktu 3 hingga 4 bulan di laut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling pada kriteria nelayan tangkap pemilik Bagan Apung dan buruh nelayan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi sosial ekonomi nelayan dideskripsikan oleh beberapa komponen. Pertama, situasi operasional kerja nelayan menunjukan pemanfaatan Kapal Bagan sebagai kapal operasional dan penguasaan alat tangkap perikanan saat melaut. Kedua, adanya keterampilan kerja yang produktif dengan mengandalkan komitmen kerja serta kemampuan fisik dan mental nelayan saat berada di wilayah operasional kerja. Ketiga, terdapat kelompok nelayan untuk melakukan swadaya. Dan keempat, adanya modal ekonomi nelayan yang berupa penghasilan dan pengelolaannya sebagai suatu aset.
Évaluation de l’innocuité de l’extrait aqueux des graines de Pimpinella anisum L. : étude de toxicité orale subaiguë chez les souris mâles
Authors: Fenaghra L. , Khali M.
Published: July 2021

Ce travail apporte une contribution à l’évaluation de l’innocuité de l’extrait aqueux des graines de Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae). Une étude de la toxicité orale subaiguë a été réalisée conformément aux lignes directrices de l’OCDE. De même, l’effet de l’extrait aqueux sur la fonction rénale des souris mâles albinos a été évalué suite à des analyses biochimique et histopathologique. L’administration par voie orale des doses répétées de 250, 500 et 1 000 mg/kg de poids corporel (pc) de l’extrait aqueux aux souris, pendant 28 jours, n’a entraîné aucune mortalité alors qu’il a été constaté un changement de comportement des souris traitées à la dose de 1 000 mg/kg pc. Une analyse biochimique a été effectuée à la fin de l’étude, montrant une élévation significative des concentrations sériques de l’urée et, en particulier, de la créatinine chez les groupes auxquels ont été administrées les doses de 500 et 1 000 mg/kg pc, en comparaison avec le groupe témoin. Cette élévation a été confirmée par l’examen histopathologique des tissus rénaux qui a permis de constater des dommages cellulaires observables, indiquant ainsi que l’administration de l’extrait aqueux des graines de Pimpinella anisum L. à des doses élevées, peut provoquer un dysfonctionnement rénal.
Improved methodology for selecting the sequence of information flow servicing priorities
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Laptev O. A. , Babenko R. V. ,   The National Defence University of Ukraine named after Ivan Cherniakhovskyi, Pravdyvyy A. M. ,   State University of Telecommunications, Zozulya S. A. ,   State University of Telecommunications, Stefurak O. R. ,   State University of Telecommunications
Published: July 2021

The operation of the communication system involves the processing of information, which has different importance and time required for its processing. Therefore, the question arises as to the organization of the communication system so as to obtain the maximum of processed information from streams of different intensity, duration and importance, provided that in the case of occupancy of all communication channels, the information is lost. Analysis of the operation of the communication system for the transmission of information flows that have different importance and time required for processing, necessitates the search for ways to maximize the total importance of the processed information during the performance of official tasks. The purpose of the article is to improve the methodology that will increase the efficiency (productivity) of the communication system by increasing the amount of all processed information. The improved methodology additionally takes into account the priority of the types of information flows, according to which the right of priority service in the communication system is granted. An improved method of selecting a sequence of priorities for servicing information flows, allows to increase the efficiency (productivity) of the communication system by increasing the volume of all transmitted information, provided that the channels (means) of communication. The method makes it possible to determine the amount of information that can be processed by the communication system and compare the performance of the system in cases of optimal and suboptimal choice of priorities for servicing the types of information flows. The developed methodology increases the reliability and efficiency of the communication system by 12% and can be used to organize work in various institutions and organizations in order to increase the total importance of all decisions on business tasks received for implementation.
Analysis of the productivity of wireless networks with an entire length of data packages
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Kravchenko V. I. , Skrypnik V. V. , Holubenko O. I.
Published: July 2021

He analysis of productivity of specialized wireless networks in which the number of operating stations changes by the random law is carried out. In this case, this number of stations can not be reliably controlled in the process of transmitting information. To obtain asymptotic characteristics of the transmission duration, it is proposed to use the information entropy parameters of the model distributions. The review of the basic and additional parameters of efficiency from the point of view of their influence on functioning of a network in the given considered conditions is carried out. An assessment of the cross-correlation of key performance parameters was performed. Dedicated wireless networks use a variety of architectures, technologies and standards, so such networks are heterogeneous by definition. However, the basis of specialized wireless networks are usually IEEE 802 standards networks. Such networks have a decentralized control and management system. In this regard, the centralization of control control is associated with significant time, while ensuring the necessary reliability, mobility and security of such a center, especially in an emergency, it is almost impossible. Heterogeneous self-similar traffic circulates, it is necessary to apply nonparametric methods. As the lower threshold of productivity it is possible to receive any asymptotic comparative estimations, for example, information-entropic measures of the considered probability distributions.
Research of compromising USB interface electromagnetic emanations in the infocommunication networks control system
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Kryuchkova L. P. , Zakharzhevskyi A. G. , Lazutín O. S. , Ukrayinetsʹ Ye. O. , Panadiy S. V.
Published: July 2021

One of the key directions in the development of modern society is the formation of an integrated information space based on the latest information technologies. The widespread use of information technologies and infocommunication networks for the transmission, reception, processing and storage of information in various fields of activity, on the one hand, contributes to an increase in the efficiency of this activity, and on the other hand, it causes the emergence of threats of information leakage through technical channels, which are understood as the uncontrolled dissemination of information signal from its source through the physical environment to a technical means that intercepts information. In the list of threats, an important place is occupied by threats of information leakage through channels of compromising electromagnetic emanations, as well as a result of interference of information signals in power lines of technical means of information processing, connecting lines of auxiliary technical means and systems, ground circuits and extraneous conductors. To protect information from its leakage due to compromising electromagnetic emanations through communications connecting the system blocks of computing facilities with peripheral devices, it is important to analyze the formation of these signals and emissions. The article presents the results of the study of compromising electromagnetic emanations of the USB 2.0 interface, carried out to solve the problems of assessing the security of information at the objects of information activity. The processes of formation of technical channels of information leakage by compromising electromagnetic emanations at use of the USB-interface in structure of control system of information and communication networks are considered. The images of the signal levels of the compromising electromagnetic emanations of the USB 2.0 interface obtained with the spectrum analyzer ROHDE & SCHWARZ FSW 13 (Signal & Spectrum Analyzer) using the R & S Active Dipole Antenna HE527 are shown. As a result of the analysis of the form and spectrum of signals in the USB cable (test mode is off, test mode is on) it is established that in the USB interface there is a constant transmission of service packets to support the interface. When the test mode is turned on, additional pulse sequences appear on the spectrogram. The frequency of the first harmonic for the USB 2.0 interface is in the region of 240 MHz.
A feature­based approach to fractal image compression
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Kis G. Ya.
Published: July 2021

Recently a number of researches have demonstrated performance improvement in the video fractal compression compared to the current video transmission standards (MPEG, H.263, H.264). This article describes a current problem of relatively low fractal encoding speed. Indeed, high computational complexity is a sore point of fractal compression approach. It seems almost every paper on this subject touches the problem of encoding speed. Productive ideas and algorithms can be borrowed from the pattern recognition problem. In the course of recent decades feature points approach in computer vision has been demonstrating good performance in SLAM and pattern recognition. Technology of feature detection, description and tracking is being developed successfully and has effective applications in augmented reality like Android ARCore and IOS ARKit frameworks that are real-time engines. Similarities among parts of video frames are analyzed and used for both image registration and visual scene tracking therefore it fits highly to block matching task. Statistic properties for domain/range blocks matching has been analyzed on the basis of previous investigation for fractal compression. As a result, a simple algorithm is proposed based on computer vision approach. The approach includes a visual feature points extraction, feature descriptors calculation and fast NN-search in descriptor space. The key idea of the proposed approach is as follows. Only a limited number of domain blocks around the most salient points are subject to selection. Other blocks are not essential for matching as transforms would have big Lipschitz constant and will have worse contractive properties. Salient points should be unique as well. Further the descriptors for feature point are calculated. The algorithm has O(N log N) complexity for pixel number in the frame image, however if the number of domain blocks is limited the complexity could be almost linear. Python program for the algorithm test has been developed and shows that reconstruction result is acceptable in terms of encoding speed (< 2 s on 2 GHz CPU) and quality (PSNR) ~25 dB. The result of the proposed approach could be interesting for further improvement both for image and video compression. Further steps for quality increasing are also described.
Methodology of comparison and evaluation of routing protocols the networks of automotive transport
Authors:   State University of Telecommunications, Zinchenko O. V. , Zvenihorodsʹkyy O. S. , Berezivsʹkyy M. Yu. , Ryzhakov M. M.
Published: July 2021

The widespread use of cars in everyday life and the growth of cities caused by urbanization of the population have greatly contributed to congestion in road traffic and also increased the likelihood of accidents. These facts prompted the development of applications that help the driver make decisions and ensure the safety of all passengers. In addition, such programs can help the driver avoid traffic congestion when choosing a route, improve vehicle efficiency and help reduce environmental pollution. As far as the entertainment area is concerned, establishing a vehicle-to-vehicle communication system can bring many benefits to passengers, allowing them to share music, video, or even interact between people in different vehicles and interact with information points that exist on the roads. The peculiarities of this class of networks necessitate the development and implementation of specialized routing protocols. The main purpose of this article is to develop a methodology for evaluating and comparing VANET routing protocols. The basis of the methodology for evaluating and comparing routing protocols for VANET networks is the method of comprehensive assessment of data quality. The simulation model will allow to obtain the values of the data quality criteria, which will be used in the future to assess the performance of the studied network. Special methods are usually used to evaluate the performance of routing protocols for road transport networks. For the network that uses the studied routing protocol, a scenario of its operation is developed. This scenario includes elements of the network topology, such as the location of traffic sources, as well as the choice of nodes - the final receivers of traffic.
Cognitive information technology support for NATO standards implementation processes
Authors:   The Central Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, Potapov H. M. , Nadutenko M. V. , Prykhodnyuk V. V.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the issue of creating cognitive information technology to support the implementation of NATO standards, which is also inherent in the means of communication of modern telecommunications systems in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the security and defense sector of Ukraine. It is noted that assessing the state of implementation of NATO standards is a rather complex and important process that requires the analysis of a large amount of poorly structured and unstructured information with varying degrees of restriction of access, which greatly complicates its analysis and processing. The effective use of information technology to solve these problems directly depends on the level of interaction between information processes. The nature of the interaction between them determines their network orientation, and in the environment of the system should be used tools that use information resources from different fields of knowledge. A number of problems have been identified, which are the redundancy, complexity and irrelevance of the regulatory framework in the field of defense; obsolescence of standards and their incompatibility with modern systems, etc. To eliminate them, it is proposed to use cognitive information technology with elements of artificial intelligence, and to assess the state of implementation of standards, it is proposed to use the method of recursive reduction. This method will be used both for structuring and for forming ontologies based on them. A further direction of research initiated in this article is the introduction of the proposed cognitive information technology in the activities of the governing bodies of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the security and defense sector.
The way of work and construction of a modern water quality sensor
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Ballyyev K.G. , Moshenchenko M. S. , Zhurakovsʹkyy B. Yu.
Published: July 2021

Real-time monitoring and development of IoT-based real-time water quality monitoring solution for smart cities will be established through telecommunication microwave networks through real-time communication. We will also detail the opportunities and positive impacts, as well as the challenges and the need to fully integrate such solutions in cities. This solution enables thorough analysis of data in real time. Water related data such as quality, pressure and temperature can be manipulated in detail and visually to empower water utilities. Sensors are structure of fully automated systems that process data at low cost, high accuracy, and at the output we receive information that is easy to structure. These sensors are absolutely accurate and easy to use, which is what we need in a smart automated city. Biosensory represents autonomous integral analytical attachments, so that they will forget a little or a reminder of an analysis from the background of a biological developmental element, which is known in direct contact from the form. Biosensors are perceived from chemical sensors in a deprivation of time, so that the concentration of singing speech appears in them for the additional material of biological nature. The development of biosensors in one of the most promising directions of research in the field of analytical biotechnology. For the IUPAC classification, simply the biosensor can be used as an analytical sensor (attachment), which can be stored from biological material, immobilized or conjugated with a re-converting (transducer). The sensor-converts the detection that allows to carry out a complete assessment of the signals, which are detected at the biological part (bioreceptors). Prior to biosensors, there are various analytical sensors: enzyme electrodes, DNA probes, immunosensors, enzyme thermistories, microbial sensors.
Sensory characteristics of wood from naturally fallen Amazonian trees for manufacture of products in Extractive Reserves
Authors: Silva Geislayne Mendonça , Catanhede do Nascimento Claudete , Torres Pablo Marcel de Arruda
Published: July 2021

In view of the national and international demand for wood for industrial use, solutions are being created to combat and reduce deforestation. One such solution is to use wood from naturally fallen trees. However, there has been limited evaluation of the technological potential of this material. This study therefore aimed to assess the general characteristics of wood from naturally fallen tree species in the Auatí-Paraná Extractive Reserve (RESEX), for potential use in product development. The characteristics analyzed were color, texture, grain, heartwood, sapwood and density. The species of naturally fallen trees were assessed using online databases, specialized literature and the xylotheque at the Wood Anatomy and Identification Laboratory of the National Institute of Amazonian Research (LAIM/INPA). This study and its results confirm the great quantity and quality of wood from naturally fallen trees with technological potential for the development of products, based on the classification of the sensory characteristics of the woods.
Linkage between Performance Appraisal System and Employee Performance: Does Motivation Moderate?
Authors: Toseef Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Owais Ahsan
Published: July 2021

The concept of performance appraisal came into ideal practice in the 1940s, helping a system to launch merit rating during the era of the Second World War as a fair wage system (Lillian & Sitati, 2011). Lots of research in recent decades have been done on the assessment of results (Bretz et al., 1992; Fisher, 1989). Often, a key aspect of human resource management is the performance assessment process. The target population of the present study consisted of all the employees working in the three private (Multan Medical complex, Care Family and Ibne Sina) hospitals of Multan, Pakistan. The study follows a convenient sampling technique for the determination of sample size and having n=131. Adopted questionnaire of Al-Ghamdi (2011) Verhulp (2006) was used with a 5-point Likert scale starting from 1= strongly agree, 2=agree, 3= uncertain, 4=disagree and lastly 5= strongly disagree. The study findings indicate 63% of the respondents belong to a male category, while on the other hand, 37% of the respondents belong to the female category. The study findings verified the fact that there exists an association between performance appraisal systems and seem to suggest that hospitals are interested in improving their performance through the performance appraisal systems. The findings verified the fact that there exists an association between motivation with employee performance.
Critical Review on Test Match Format of Cricket
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Waqas , Farooq Mahwish , Rauf Abdul
Published: July 2021

This study is a qualitative review of the test match format of Cricket; therefore, different websites and online articles were reviewed critically. The study motivation is to find out the reason(s) for the less viewership and business for the test format. Therefore, this study provides the critical analysis of three different cricket formats: test format, one-day format, and t-twenty format. The scope of this study is; Cricket provides business, entertainment, and promotion to the stakeholders. The audience does not like the test format as compared to the t-twenty and one-day match format because the test format requires more time than the other two formats. Moreover, it will prove helpful for researchers, and beginners, who have a great interest in Cricket
Remaining spine deformity after revision surgery for pelvic reconstruction and spinopelvic fixation: illustrative case
Authors: Ito Takayuki , Fujibayashi Shunsuke , Otsuki Bungo , Tanida Shimei , Okamoto Takeshi , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Pelvic deformity after resection of malignant pelvic tumors causes scoliosis. Although the central sacral vertical line (CSVL) is often used to evaluate the coronal alignment and determine the treatment strategy for scoliosis, it is not clear whether the CSVL is a suitable coronal reference axis in cases with pelvic deformity. This report proposes a new coronal reference axis for use in cases with pelvic deformity and discusses the pathologies of spinal deformity remaining after revision surgery.

OBSERVATIONS

A 14-year-old boy who had undergone internal hemipelvectomy and pelvic ring reconstruction 2 years prior was referred to our hospital with severe back pain. His physical and radiographic examinations revealed severe scoliosis with pelvic deformity. The authors planned a surgical strategy based on the CSVL and performed pelvic ring reconstruction using free vascularized fibula graft and spinopelvic fixation from L5 to the pelvis. After the procedure, although the patient’s back pain was relieved, his scoliosis persisted. At the latest follow-up, his spinal deformity correction was acceptable with corset bracing. Therefore, the authors did not perform additional surgeries.

LESSONS

The CSVL may not be appropriate for evaluating coronal alignment in cases with pelvic deformity. Accurate preoperative planning is required to correct spinal deformities with pelvic deformity.
DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 BAGI PELAKSANAAN PROYEK KONSTRUKSI DI KOTA AMBON
Authors: Maelissa Nelda , Gaspersz Willem , Metekohy Selly
Published: July 2021

Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 yang ditimbulkan dalam bidang konstruksi selain keterlambatan proyek, juga dalam distribusi material dan bahan konstruksi, pemangkasan tenaga kerja/buruh, pemangkasan jam kerja bahkan penghentian kerja sementara bagi proyek-proyek yang berada di zona merah. Namun di sisi lain, sektor konstruksi dalam negeri juga mengalami dilema karena Menteri PUPR Basuki Hadimuljono mengatakan pada kondisi pandemi Covid-19, jasa konstruksi terus berjalan dengan mengacu pada Instruksi Menteri PUPR Nomor 2/2020 yang telah diterbitkan pada 27 Maret 2020. Hal ini membuat sektor konstruksi mau tidak mau harus tetap berjalan dengan berbagai perubahan untuk menyesuaikan diri selama pandemi dan pasca pandemi. Metode Pengumpulan data yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survey dan instrument untuk pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuisioner, yang akan disebar secara online atau offline. Metode analisis yang digunakan yakni Analisis Komponen Utama (Principal Component Analysis). Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Faktor-faktor yang merupakan dampak pandemic Covid-19 bagi proyek Konstruksi sebagai berikut: faktor keuangan proyek, Faktor Pembatasan Wilayah (PSBB), Faktor tenaga kerja, Faktor material dan peralatan, Faktor Ketidakpastian Proyek, dan faktor mogok kerja. Ada beberapa  strategi yang dapat diterapkan pada penyelengaraan Proyek Konstruksi selama pandemic dan pasca pandemic, disesuaikan dengan komponen utama yang terbentuk. Untuk komponen Utama pertama, solusi yang dapat diterapkan adalah : 1) Pengontrolan arus kas Proyek secara efektif dan efisien; 2) Penerapan metode Analisa nilai hasil (earn value method) untuk mengontrol anggaran dan waktu proyek; 3) Menyiapkan anggaran tidak terduga proyek
PHYSICAL CONTENT OF COMPUTER STEGANOGRAPHY
Authors: Polotai O. , Belej O. , Maltseva N.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The development of computer technology has given a new impetus to the use of computer steganography. However, it is important to understand the physical content of this type of steganography.Purpose. The work aims to describe the practical use and physical content of the phenomenon of computer steganography, the results of the study on the hiding of files in the stegocontainer.Results. Describes the main ns currently computer steganography methods are actively used to solve the following tasks: Protection of confidential information from unauthorized access, overcoming monitoring and management of net-work resources, software camouflage, copyright protection, which is manifested in the use of digital watermarks, is one of the most promising areas of computer steganography. Among the methods of hiding information in images, the most common is the category of algorithms using the lower bits of the image data. They are considered in this paper. These algorithms are based on the fact that in some file formats, the lower bits of the values, although present in the file, but do not affect a person's perception of sound or image. The steganographic software S-Tools was chosen for the study. We created two test monotonous images with the size of 50 × 50 pixels in 24-bit bmp format to analyze the peculiarities of the placement of stego-data in container files. We chose black and white images for the study. A text file was hidden in each of the images, after which the reverse action was performed - extracting the file. As a result of hiding, two stego files were obtained. The paper compared the binary content of the original images and files containing private data. For comparison, the binary content of the black square image and the contents of the stegocontainer with a latent text file are given. Note that the contents of the container and the stego file are only partially listed, but the addresses of the memory cells have selected accordingly. The right column shows the contents of the memory cells in hexadecimal format. The bytes that display the colour of the square are set to "00" because the original image contains only black. We noted that the contents of the cells responsible for the image changed after hiding additional data (this reflected by cells with values of "01"). The paper also describes the procedure for hiding a group of different types of files. During the study, we found that the image file (1920 × 1080 pixels) with a volume of 6,220,854 bytes can hide 777,584 bytes of information.Conclusion. When using steganography, the program uses some algorithms that hide confidential data among the contents of the container: bits of the hidden file replace the bits of the original file at random positions. Thus, the size of the source file and the container file (containing the attached information) is the same, even if you hide a different number of files or different amounts of data.
STUDY OF ADOLESCENTS' AWARENESS OF THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CANCER PREVENTION
Authors: Zieliński E. , Zieliński M. , Motylewski B. , Skalski D.
Published: July 2021

In Poland and the world, cancer is a serious health problem. There are the second cause of death in total and the first cause of death before the age of 65 in Poland. The paper presents some research results concerning the understanding of the level of knowledge of adolescents about lung cancer. An attempt was made to answer the question: Do young people have basic knowledge about lung cancer? The following hypotheses were made: Students believe that they influ-ence whether they will develop lung cancer. Adolescents have a basic knowledge of lung cancer. The obtained results allowed for the formulation of conclusions. The main goal of the work is to find out about the level of knowledge of young people about lung cancer.To improve the situation of lung cancer in society, numerous social organizations and associations take part in social campaigns dedicated to all citizens, regardless of age and sex. Some postulates, the introduction of which could increase the health security of the state and eliminate some environmental threats, such as passive smoking, will be presented below. These postulates have the overarching goal of changing the model of lung cancer prevention and care in Poland. The changes should be comprehensive - from prevention (primary and secondary), through diagnostics and treatment, post-treatment care (including rehabilitation and psycho-oncological care), to observation aimed at detecting and treating complications of the disease and anti-cancer therapy as well as early detection of possible recurrence of the disease. Given that smoking is becoming a bad habit of the younger age group than the study, it would be worthwhile to expand the age range and conduct such research among children, for example, from the age of 7 years. At this age, children are more receptive to and aware of health hazards.
DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS FOR ELIMINATION OF EMERGENCIES ON VEHICLES WITH ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Authors: Lazarenko O. , Parkhomenko V.-P. , Shkaraputa O.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The growing demand and use of vehicles on alternative fuels pose several challenges to humanity. Starting from the development and implementation of technological processes and algorithms for safe production, transportation, storage in the large capacity of lithiumion elements (batteries) and energy sources under high pressure (hydrogen cylinders) and ending with the process of final processing and reuse of the above-mentioned components of vehicles on alternative sources energy.The purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the work is to research the readiness and activities of fire and rescue units for acting as intended, namely - the elimination of possible (potential) threats in the event of emergencies on vehicles with alternative fuels. To achieve this goal it is necessary to determine the current group of vehicles on alternative fuels; describe the main danger of such vehicles; to develop an appropriate conceptual (imitation) model of actions of fire and rescue units in case of actions on purpose on similar vehicles.Methods. To achieve the goal and objectives of the study used theoretical research methods, which included analysis of the main dangers of vehicles on alternative fuels, generalization of the results of the study with their following systematization to achieve the goal of the study.Results. According to the literature review results, the probable hazards associated with the elimination of emergencies at EV and HFCEV were identified. To protect the personal fire and rescue units involved in the elimination of such emergencies, an algorithm of rescuers' actions was developed in case of the threat of fire of the EV battery, the threat of ignition of hydrogen tanks in the HFCEV, the threat of ignition of the battery.Conclusions. The presented conceptual (imitation) model of actions of fire and rescue units in case of possible dangers associated with EV and HFCV provide a scientific basis. For further development and development of a decision support system that can be expressed in the form of application software. For further development of a life cycle model of emergency response projects on vehicles with alternative fuels.
Pengembangan dan Implementasi Komunikasi Pendidikan Bencana Tsunami
Authors: Harnita Pratiwi Cristin
Published: July 2021

AbstractCommunication in disaster management uses a variety of media. In communication context, the media used as a channel for delivering messages that called the communication medium. This study aims to find the most effective disaster education communication based on a descriptive quantitative approach. Reserchers took samples aged 17-20 years old who had participated in disaster socialization activities that held by Meterorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency in Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia and every respondent has had disaster experience. The number of research samples is 175 respondent. In the context of communication, the medium becomes important because it is a channel for delivering message.  An import function of communication is how medium can delivered message to be undesrstood together. The fuction of communication is providing information, education and persuasion. It was found that varioys activities have beed carried out such as Goes To School, which is used to deliver messages used some communication medium like pocket books, animated video, and power point template.  Fact findings related to the best communication medium  were sozialization (face to face meetings), films, public service advertisements, and roleplays. Meanwhile, animated learning videos in class are not very popular. Keywords: disaster education communication, communication medium, communication function