bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of MnCoS Thin Films Deposited by the SILAR Method with the Assistance of Surfactants and Supercapacitor Properties
Authors: Yang Qifan , Chen Qianhui , Gong Fuzhong , Li Yanlin
Published: May 2023

Compact MnCoS thin films on a nickel foam (NF) substrate were prepared by successive ionic layer adsorption and a reaction (SILAR) method, and two surfactants (SDS and CTAB) were used to improve the wettability of the NF. The MnCoS thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The supercapacitive properties were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that while the NF was first dipped in surfactant solution, followed by a mixture of Mn2+ and Co2+ or a Na2S solution, the load and density of the MnCoS on the NF’s surface significantly increased and delivered a much higher specific capacitance than that of the MnCoS thin film formed without the assistance of surfactants, which were 2029.8 F g−1 (MnCoS-CTAB), 1500.3 F g−1 (MnCoS-SDS), and 950.4 F g−1 (MnCoS-H2O) at a current density of 1 A g−1 in 3 M KOH aqueous solution. When the current density increased to 10 A g−1, the MnCoS-CTAB with the highest specific capacitance exhibited a capacitance of 1371.9 F g−1, with a 71% capacity retention up to 1000 cycles, showing a good rate performance and cycle stability.
Study on the Phase Angle Master Curve of the Polyurethane Mixture with Dense Gradation
Authors: Zhao Haisheng , Wang Xiufen , Cui Shiping , Jiang Bin , Ma Shijie , Zhang Wensheng , Zhang Peiyu , Wang Xiaoyan , Wei Jincheng , Liu Shan
Published: May 2023

The phase angle master curve of the PU mixture is a new research field that is urgently needed to characterize the viscoelastic of the PU mixture under different conditions. In this paper, five master curve models, five shift factor equations, and four error minimization methods were introduced to fitting the phase angle master curve of the PU mixture. The results analysis indicated that the master curves fitted by different error minimization methods had small differences when the loading frequency was higher than 10−3 Hz. The R2 maximization as the main constraint and the others as the additional constraints were recommended as the error minimization method. The combination of the Christensen Anderson and Marasteanu model (CAM) and kaelble shift factor equation was recommended for fitting the phase angle master curve of the PU mixture. The phase angle master curve of the PU mixture did not follow the “Bell” shape of the asphalt mixture. The PU mixture with smaller temperature susceptibility would still be subject to the PU at higher temperatures and was closer to that of the viscoelastic material. The phase angle master curve construction was analyzed for the first time and proper master curve fitting parameters were recommended for pavement performance predicting and analyzing.
Application of Dry Friction Contact in Vibration Reduction in Engineering—A Short Review
Authors: He Shangwen , Zhang Wenya , Li Zilin
Published: May 2023

Dry friction contact is widely used to reduce vibration in engineering, especially in the vibration reduction of turbine blades, which are major components of aeroengines [...]
Finite Element Analysis of Renewable Porous Bones and Optimization of Additive Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Ma Hailong , Xu Shubo , Ju Xiaoyu , Tang Aijun , Hu Xinzhi
Published: May 2023

Three-dimensional printing technology has a precise manufacturing process that can control tiny pores and can design individualized prostheses based on the patient’s own conditions. Different porous structures were designed by controlling different parameters such as porosity, using UG NX to establish models with different porosities and using ANSYS to simulate stress and strain. Unidirectional compression and stretching simulations were carried out to obtain stress, strain, and deformation. Based on these data, a porosity was found to approximate the elastic modulus of the humeral bone scaffold. As the porosity increased, the equivalent elastic modulus decreased significantly in the lateral direction, and the maximum stress formed by the porous structure and deformation increased significantly. Four different finite element models and geometric models of cubic, face-centered cubic, honeycomb, and body-centered cubic unit structures were selected. Then these porous structures were simulated for tensile and compression experiments, and the simulation results were analyzed. The forming simulation of the finite element model was carried out, and the evolution of mechanical properties of the porous structure during the 3D printing process was analyzed. The results showed that designing the humeral bone scaffold as a porous structure could reduce the stiffness of the prosthesis, alleviate stress shielding around the prosthesis after surgery, enhance its stability, and prolong its service life. The study provides reference values and scientific guidance for the feasibility of porous humeral bone scaffolds and provides a basis for the research and design of clinical humeral bone scaffolds.
Disposable Pencil Lead as an Electrochemical Transducer for Monitoring Catechol in River and Tap Water
Authors: Akter Farzana , Kabiraz Dulal Chandra , Islam Md. Monirul , Ahmed Shahed , Hanif Md. Abu , Kim Young Soon
Published: May 2023

A cheap and disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was developed by the incorporation of amine groups (Am-PGE-1). A further improvement in the performance was observed when the aminated electrode (Am-PGE-1) was activated by applying a negative potential scan (Am-PGE-2). The electrochemical transport properties were evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The Nyquist plot showed a reduced charge transfer resistance value of 24.3 Ω for Am-PGE-2, while it was 95.1 Ω for bare PGE. Thus, Am-PGE-2 was used as a sensing platform for the detection of catechol. It was found that the electrochemical response of catechol oxidation at Am-PGE-2 was twice than the current obtained for bare PGE. Additionally, the effect of pH of the supporting electrolyte and reaction kinetic were studied. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant was calculated to be 0.01 s−1. Moreover, CV study revealed that the redox reaction of catechol was a quasi-reversible and diffusion-controlled process. The square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique was applied for the quantitative determination of catechol. The peak current showed a linear dependency on the concentration of catechol from 3 to 150 µM. Furthermore, the analyte could be detected as low as 3.86 µM. Likewise, the sensor demonstrates a good selectivity towards the target analyte than the other possible interfering molecules or ions. Aiming to examine practical applicability, real samples, such as river and household tap water, were tested by using the proposed transducer, and the satisfactory recoveries demonstrate the effectiveness of Am-PGE-2 in real life applications.
Effect of Glymo on the Morphological and Optical Properties of Eu3+-Doped Lu2SiO5 Films
Authors: Cancino-Moreno Andrea Danielle , López-Marure Arturo , Luna-Domínguez Jorge Humberto , Morales-Ramírez Ángel de Jesús , Ortega-Avilés Mayahuel , Álvarez-Chávez José Alfredo , García-Hernández Margarita
Published: May 2023

Eu3+-(5% mol)-doped Lu2SiO5 optical quality films were prepared using the sol–gel method and dip-coating technique from lutetium and europium salts as the lanthanide precursors and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the silicon source. To increase the thickness of the films, 3-Glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (Glymo) was added as the rheological agent during sol formation. Structural, morphological, and luminescent properties were investigated for Lu2SiO5, Eu3+:Lu2SiO5, and Eu3+:Lu2SiO5/Glymo in order to obtain high quality in luminescent films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the incorporation of the Eu3+ ions do not affect the A-Type and B-Type monoclinic crystalline phase typical of Lu2SiO5, even after five dipping cycles on quartz substrates and a final annealing process at 1100 °C. The morphology and topography of the films were studied by SEM and AFM. These techniques revealed films without surfactant that were uniform with low rugosity while the film with surfactant presented porous hills and valleys with uneven high values of roughness. The photoluminescence spectrum of Eu3+:Lu2SiO5 films showed 2 broad emission peaks centered at 589 nm and 612 nm. The presence of Glymo in the system promoted the formation of residual Lu2Si2O7 compounds with the highest lifetime values compared with films without surfactant. The results of the films are promising for luminescent applications.
Strong-Coupling Behavior of the Critical Temperature of Pb/Ag, Pb/Cu and Pb/Al Nanocomposites Explained by Proximity Eliashberg Theory
Authors: Ummarino Giovanni Alberto
Published: May 2023

The experimental critical temperature of the systems of superconducting (Pb) and normal (Ag, Cu and Al) nanoparticles, with a random distribution and sizes less than their respective coherence lengths, is governed by the proximity effect, as shown by the experimental data. At first glance, the behavior of the variation in the critical temperature in function of the ratio of volume fractions of the superconducting and the normal metal components seems to suggest a weak coupling behavior for the superconductor. In reality, upon a more careful analysis, using Eliashberg’s theory for the proximity effect, the system instead shows a strong coupling nature. The most interesting thing is that the theory has no free parameters and perfectly explains the behavior of the experimental data just with the assumption in the case of the nanoparticles Ag and Cu, that the value of the density of states at the Fermi level of silver and copper is equal to the value of lead.
The Role of EGFR Amplification in Deep Venous Thrombosis Occurrence in IDH Wild-Type Glioblastoma
Authors: Kaye Brandon , Ali Assad , Correa Bastianon Santiago Raphael Augusto , Ibrahim Bilal , Isidor Julio , Awad Hany , Sabahi Mohammadmahdi , Obrzut Michal , Adada Badih , Ranjan Surabhi , Borghei-Razavi Hamid
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) patients have a 20–30 incidence of venous thromboembolic events. EGFR is a widely used prognostic marker for many cancers. Recent lung cancer studies have described relationships between EGFR amplification and an increased incidence of thromboembolic complications. We aim to explore this relationship in glioblastoma patients. Methods: Two hundred ninety-three consecutive patients with IDH wild-type GBM were included in the analysis. The amplification status of EGFR was measured using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Centromere 7 (CEP7) expression was recorded to calculate the EGFR-to-CEP7 ratio. All data were collected retrospectively through chart review. Molecular data were obtained through the surgical pathology report at the time of biopsy. Results: There were 112 subjects who were EGFR-amplified (38.2%) and 181 who were non-amplified (61.8%). EGFR amplification status was not significantly correlated with VTE risk overall (p = 0.2001). There was no statistically significant association between VTE and EGFR status after controlling for Bevacizumab therapy (p = 0.1626). EGFR non-amplified status was associated with an increased VTE risk in subjects greater than 60 years of age (p = 0.048). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in occurrence of VTE in patients with glioblastoma, regardless of EGFR amplification status. Patients older than 60 years of age with EGFR amplification experienced a lower rate of VTE, contrary to some reports on non-small-cell lung cancer linking EGFR amplification to VTE risk.
Lost Collections: Preserving Historical Biodiversity Memory—The Case of Peiroleri’s Manuscript Catalogue
Authors: Giachino Fulvio
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of historical research on entomological collections in museums and to suggest some techniques to investigate them. Through documentary research and analysis, it is possible to obtain data on poorly known entomologists and collections; this may be extremely important for the study of past and present-day biodiversity. The finding and study of Peiroleri’s catalogue proves that, through meticulous historical research, it is possible to locate type specimens even if the original collection is supposedly or virtually lost.
Artificial Seaweed Substrates Complement ARMS in DNA Metabarcoding-Based Monitoring of Temperate Coastal Macrozoobenthos
Authors: Leite Barbara R. , Duarte Sofia , Troncoso Jesús S. , Costa Filipe O.
Published: May 2023

We used DNA metabarcoding to compare macrozoobenthic species colonization between autonomous reef monitoring structures (ARMS) and artificial seaweed monitoring systems (ASMS). We deployed both substrates in two different locations (Ría de Vigo and Ría de Ferrol, NW Iberian coast) and collected them after 6, 9, and 12 months to assess species composition of the colonizing communities through high-throughput sequencing of amplicons within the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI-5P) and the V4 domain of the 18S rRNA genes. We observed a consistently low similarity in species composition between substrate types, independently of sampling times and sites. A large fraction of exclusive species was recorded for a given substrate (up to 72%), whereas only up to 32% of species were recorded in both substrates. The shape and structural complexity of the substrate strongly affected the colonization preferences, with ASMS detecting more exclusive crustacean and gastropod species and a broader diversity of taxonomic groups (e.g., Entoprocta and Pycnogonida were detected exclusively in ASMS). We demonstrate that despite the customary use of ARMS for macrozoobenthos monitoring, by using ASMS we complemented the recovery of species and enlarged the scope of the taxonomic diversity recorded.
Sewage Pipe Waters Affect Colour Composition in Palaemon Shrimp from the Intertidal in the Canary Islands: A New Non-lethal Bioindicator of Anthropogenic Pollution
Authors: Lozano-Bilbao Enrique , Alcázar-Treviño Jesús
Published: May 2023

Marine pollution through anthropic outfalls like sewage pipes is a growing concern since point-source pollution can affect many organisms. Investigating pollutant concentrations in organisms usually requires sacrificing the organisms, but here we propose a new method to infer anthropic pollution in the intertidal by measuring colour levels in Palaemon elegans rockpool shrimp. We took pictures of live shrimp from pools near sewage pipes and control zones in three of the Canary Islands (Gran Canaria, Lanzarote and Tenerife), and measured their RGB (red, green and blue) abdominal colour composition. We then statistically compared colours from the control zone and sewage pipe and between islands. We found a clear differentiation in colour composition between the control zone and areas with a sewage pipe. Our results supported the hypothesis that pollution affects colouration in these invertebrates. We, therefore, suggest the use of darker colourations in P. elegans as a bioindicator of anthropic pollution, a first sign that should spur more in-depth studies in the affected area. This methodology is pollutant unspecific but non-extractive, so we propose its use as a citizen science tool to inform scientists and technicians of possible illegal and/or untreated wastewater that could affect intertidal biota.
Development and Implementation of an Internal Quality Control Sample to Standardize Oligomer-Based Diagnostics of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Pils Marlene , Dybala Alexandra , Rehn Fabian , Blömeke Lara , Bujnicki Tuyen , Kraemer-Schulien Victoria , Hoyer Wolfgang , Riesner Detlev , Willbold Dieter , Bannach Oliver
Published: May 2023

Protein misfolding and aggregation are pathological hallmarks of various neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), soluble and toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are biomarker candidates for diagnostics and drug development. However, accurate quantification of Aβ oligomers in bodily fluids is challenging because extreme sensitivity and specificity are required. We previously introduced surface-based fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (sFIDA) with single-particle sensitivity. In this report, a preparation protocol for a synthetic Aβ oligomer sample was developed. This sample was used for internal quality control (IQC) to improve standardization, quality assurance, and routine application of oligomer-based diagnostic methods. We established an aggregation protocol for Aβ1–42, characterized the oligomers by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and assessed their application in sFIDA. Globular-shaped oligomers with a median size of 2.67 nm were detected by AFM, and sFIDA analysis of the Aβ1–42 oligomers yielded a femtomolar detection limit with high assay selectivity and dilution linearity over 5 log units. Lastly, we implemented a Shewhart chart for monitoring IQC performance over time, which is another important step toward quality assurance of oligomer-based diagnostic methods.
Living with Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: Radiological Images of a Patient with Extensive Heterotopic Ossification
Authors: Kotb Mohammed Mostafa , Omar Usama Farghaly , Kaliya-Perumal Arun-Kumar
Published: May 2023

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an exceptionally rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive formation of heterotopic bone in soft tissues. Here, we present the radiological findings of an 18-year-old female diagnosed with FOP who had severe spinal and right-upper-limb abnormalities. Her SF-36 scores suggested significant impairment in physical function, affecting work and other regular daily activities. Radiographic evaluation with X-rays and CT scans revealed scoliosis and total fusion of almost all levels of the spine, with only a few disc spaces spared. A large mass of heterotopic bone was observed, corresponding to the location of the paraspinal muscles in the lumbar region, branching upwards and fusing with the scapulae on both sides. On the right side, this exuberant heterotopic bone mass fused with the humerus, resulting in a fixed right shoulder, while the rest of the upper and lower limbs are spared and have a range of motion. Our report highlights the extensive ossification that can manifest in patients with FOP, resulting in restricted mobility and a poor quality of life. While there is no definite treatment that can reverse the effects of the disease, preventing injuries and minimizing iatrogenic harm is of critical importance in this patient as inflammation is known to play a key role in triggering heterotopic bone. Meanwhile, ongoing research into therapeutic strategies holds the key to unlocking a potential cure for FOP in the future.
Validation Study of Novel Point-of-Care Tests for Infliximab, Adalimumab and C-Reactive Protein in Capillary Blood and Calprotectin in Faeces in an Ambulatory Inflammatory Bowel Disease Care Setting
Authors: Volkers Adriaan , Löwenberg Mark , Braad Marlou , Abeling Yara , Gecse Krisztina , Berkers Nicole , Montazeri Nahid , D’Haens Geert
Published: May 2023

Background and aims: Point-of-care tests (POCT) allow instant measurement of inflammatory markers and drug concentrations. Here, we studied agreement between a novel POCT device and reference methods of measuring infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADL) serum concentrations and C-reactive protein (CRP) and faecal calprotectin (FCP) concentrations of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: In this single-centre validation study, IBD patients were recruited in which IFX, ADL, CRP and/or FCP tests were required. IFX, ADL and CRP POCT were performed on capillary whole blood (CWB), obtained via finger prick. Additionally, IFX POCT was performed on serum samples. FCP POCT was performed on stool samples. Agreement between POCT and reference methods was tested using Passing–Bablok regression, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots. Results: In total, 285 patients participated. Passing–Bablok regression identified differences between the reference method and IFX CWB POCT (intercept = 1.56), IFX serum POCT (intercept = 0.71, slope = 1.10) and ADL CWB POCT (intercept = 1.44). There were also differences in the Passing–Bablok regressions of CRP (intercept = 0.81, slope = 0.78) and FCP (intercept = 51 and slope = 0.46). Bland–Altman plots demonstrated that IFX and ADL concentrations were slightly higher with the POCT and CRP and FCP were slightly lower with POCT. The ICC demonstrated almost perfect agreement with IFX CWB POCT (ICC = 0.85), IFX serum POCT (ICC = 0.96), ADL CWB POCT (ICC = 0.82) and CRP CWB POCT (ICC = 0.91) and moderate agreement with FCP POCT (ICC = 0.55). Conclusions: IFX and ADL results were slightly higher with this novel rapid and user-friendly POCT, whereas CRP and FCP results were slightly lower compared to the reference methods.
Evaluation of the Potential Diagnostic Utility of the Determination of Selected Immunological and Molecular Parameters in Patients with Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Englisz Aleksandra , Smycz-Kubańska Marta , Mielczarek-Palacz Aleksandra
Published: May 2023

Ovarian cancer is one of the most serious challenges in modern gynaecological oncology. Due to its non-specific symptoms and the lack of an effective screening procedure to detect the disease at an early stage, ovarian cancer is still marked by a high mortality rate among women. For this reason, a great deal of research is being carried out to find new markers that can be used in the detection of ovarian cancer to improve early diagnosis and survival rates of women with ovarian cancer. Our study focuses on presenting the currently used diagnostic markers and the latest selected immunological and molecular parameters being currently investigated for their potential use in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
FSTL1 Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis by Inhibiting M2-like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Recruitment toward the Lungs
Authors: Yang Ying , Lu Tao , Jia Xiaowei , Gao Yan
Published: May 2023

Immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment is associated with cancer prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages play essential roles in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), a widely expressed glycoprotein in human and mouse tissues, is a tumor suppressor in various cancers and a regulator of macrophage polarization. However, the mechanism by which FSTL1 affects crosstalk between breast cancer cells and macrophages remains unclear. By analyzing public data, we found that FSTL1 expression was significantly low in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissues, and high expression of FSTL1 in patients indicated prolonged survival. Using flow cytometry, we found that total and M2-like macrophages dramatically increased in the metastatic lung tissues during breast cancer lung metastasis in Fstl1+/− mice. Transwell assay in vitro and q-PCR experimental results showed that FSTL1 inhibited macrophage migration toward 4T1 cells by decreasing CSF1, VEGF-α, and TGF-β secretion in 4T1 cells. We demonstrated that FSTL1 inhibited M2-like tumor-associated macrophage recruitment toward the lungs by suppressing CSF1, VEGF-α, and TGF-β secretion in 4T1 cells. Therefore, we identified a potential therapeutic strategy for triple-negative breast cancer.
Low-Complexity Three-Dimensional AOA-Cross Geometric Center Localization Methods via Multi-UAV Network
Authors: Shi Baihua , Li Yifan , Wu Guilu , Chen Riqing , Yan Shihao , Shu Feng
Published: May 2023

The angle of arrival (AOA) is widely used to locate a wireless signal emitter in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) localization. Compared with received signal strength (RSS) and time of arrival (TOA), AOA has higher accuracy and is not sensitive to the time synchronization of the distributed sensors. However, there are few works focusing on three-dimensional (3-D) scenarios. Furthermore, although the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) has a relatively high performance, its computational complexity is ultra-high. Therefore, it is hard to employ it in practical applications. This paper proposed two center of inscribed sphere-based methods for 3-D AOA positioning via multiple UAVs. The first method could estimate the source position and angle measurement noise at the same time by seeking the center of an inscribed sphere, called the CIS. Firstly, every sensor measures two angles, the azimuth angle and the elevation angle. Based on that, two planes are constructed. Then, the estimated values of the source position and the angle noise are achieved by seeking the center and radius of the corresponding inscribed sphere. Deleting the estimation of the radius, the second algorithm, called MSD-LS, is born. It is not able to estimate angle noise but has lower computational complexity. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that proposed methods could approach the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) and have lower complexity than the MLE.
A Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Popular Content Distribution Scheme in Vehicular Networks
Authors: Chen Wenwei , Huang Xiujie , Guan Quanlong , Zhao Shancheng
Published: May 2023

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enables vehicular data services and applications through vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. One of the key services provided by IoV is popular content distribution (PCD), which aims to quickly deliver popular content that most vehicles request. However, it is challenging for vehicles to receive the complete popular content from roadside units (RSUs) due to their mobility and the RSUs’ constrained coverage. The collaboration of vehicles via vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications is an effective solution to assist more vehicles to obtain the entire popular content at a lower time cost. To this end, we propose a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL)-based popular content distribution scheme in vehicular networks, where each vehicle deploys an MADRL agent that learns to choose the appropriate data transmission policy. To reduce the complexity of the MADRL-based algorithm, a vehicle clustering algorithm based on spectral clustering is provided to divide all vehicles in the V2V phase into groups, so that only vehicles within the same group exchange data. Then the multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO) algorithm is used to train the agent. We introduce the self-attention mechanism when constructing the neural network for the MADRL to help the agent accurately represent the environment and make decisions. Furthermore, the invalid action masking technique is utilized to prevent the agent from taking invalid actions, accelerating the training process of the agent. Finally, experimental results are shown and a comprehensive comparison is provided, which demonstrates that our MADRL-PCD scheme outperforms both the coalition game-based scheme and the greedy strategy-based scheme, achieving a higher PCD efficiency and a lower transmission delay.
Some Considerations about the Anodic Limit of Ionic Liquids Obtained by Means of DFT Calculations
Authors: Paolone Annalisa , Di Muzio Simone , Palumbo Oriele , Brutti Sergio
Published: May 2023

Ionic liquids are good candidates as the main component of safe electrolytes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. The identification of a reliable algorithm to estimate the electrochemical stability of ionic liquids can greatly speed up the discovery of suitable anions able to sustain high potentials. In this work, we critically assess the linear dependence of the anodic limit from the HOMO level of 27 anions, whose performances have been experimentally investigated in the previous literature. A limited r Pearson’s value of ≈0.7 is found even with the most computationally demanding DFT functionals. A different model considering vertical transitions in a vacuum between the charged state and the neutral molecule is also exploited. In this case, the best-performing functional (M08-HX) provides a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 1.61 V2 on the 27 anions here considered. The ions which give the largest deviations are those with a large value of the solvation energy, and therefore, an empirical model that linearly combines the anodic limit calculated by vertical transitions in a vacuum and in a medium with a weight dependent on the solvation energy is proposed for the first time. This empirical method can decrease the MSE to 1.29 V2 but still provides an r Pearson’s value of ≈0.72.
Stability and Performance Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review
Authors: Khalid Maria , Mallick Tapas Kumar
Published: May 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have seen a rapid increase in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over just a few years and are already competing against other photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The PCE of hybrid PSCs exhibiting distinct properties has increased from 3.8% in 2009 to ≈30% in 2023, making it a strong contender for the next generation of PV devices. However, their long-term stability is a critical issue that must be addressed before these devices can be commercialised. This review begins with a discussion of the evolution of different generations of solar cells, and the following part presents details of perovskite characteristics and prospective strategies to improve their performance. Next, the relationship of stability of PSCs with different environmental conditions, including moisture, UV light, and temperature, is discussed. Besides the development of PSC–silicon tandem solar cells, an efficient way to improve PCE is also discussed. Towards the end, we discuss a novel idea of implementing PSCs with a concentrated PV application in order to achieve higher efficiency and compete with other PV technologies by catching incident high-proton density. This review offers perspectives on the future development of emerging PSC technologies in terms of device performance enhancement and improved stability, which are central to tandem and concentrated PSC technology.
The Strike-Slip Fault Effects on the Ediacaran Carbonate Tight Reservoirs in the Central Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: He Bing , Liu Yicheng , Qiu Chen , Liu Yun , Su Chen , Tang Qingsong , Tian Weizhen , Wu Guanghui
Published: May 2023

The largest Precambrian gas field in China has been found in the central Sichuan Basin. It is assumed as a mound-shoal microfacies-controlled dolomite reservoir. Recently, a large strike-slip fault system has been identified in the gas field that needs further study of its effect on the Ediacaran reservoirs for highly efficient exploitation of the gas field. For this contribution, we study the matrix reservoir and fractured reservoir along the strike-slip fault damage zones by the cores, FMI (Formation MicroScanner Image) and logging interpretation data, seismic description and production data. It has shown that the matrix reservoir is tight (porosity less than 3%, permeability less than 0.5 mD) that cannot support economical production by conventional exploitation technology in the deep subsurface. On the other hand, the porosity and permeability of the Ediacaran fractured reservoirs could be increased more than one time and 1–3 orders of magnitude. Except for a few localized fracture zones, the fracture elements and fractured reservoirs show a paw-law distribution with the distance to the fault core. Furthermore, the fault effect is more favorable for the increase in the porosity and permeability of the matrix reservoir in the intraplatform than in the platform margin. The overlapping of mound-shoal microfacies, fracturing and karstification could result in large-scale “sweet spots” of the fractured reservoirs in the fault damage zone. The “sweet spot” of fractured reservoir in the fault damage zone is a new favorable exploitation target in the deep central Sichuan Basin.
Short-Term Load Forecasting Models: A Review of Challenges, Progress, and the Road Ahead
Authors: Akhtar Saima , Shahzad Sulman , Zaheer Asad , Ullah Hafiz Sami , Kilic Heybet , Gono Radomir , Jasiński Michał , Leonowicz Zbigniew
Published: May 2023

Short-term load forecasting (STLF) is critical for the energy industry. Accurate predictions of future electricity demand are necessary to ensure power systems’ reliable and efficient operation. Various STLF models have been proposed in recent years, each with strengths and weaknesses. This paper comprehensively reviews some STLF models, including time series, artificial neural networks (ANNs), regression-based, and hybrid models. It first introduces the fundamental concepts and challenges of STLF, then discusses each model class’s main features and assumptions. The paper compares the models in terms of their accuracy, robustness, computational efficiency, scalability, and adaptability and identifies each approach’s advantages and limitations. Although this study suggests that ANNs and hybrid models may be the most promising ways to achieve accurate and reliable STLF, additional research is required to handle multiple input features, manage massive data sets, and adjust to shifting energy conditions.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties and HPM Pulse Shielding Effectiveness of Cement-Based Composites
Authors: Musiał Michał , Logoń Dominik , Majcher Krzysztof , Niewiadomski Paweł , Trapko Tomasz , Jarczewska Kamila , Pakos Wojciech , Różański Adrian , Sobótka Maciej , Stefaniuk Damian
Published: May 2023

In today’s world, protection against electromagnetic waves, including high-power microwave (HPM) pulses, is becoming increasingly important. Hence, the aim of this research was to select an absorbing admixture, which, when used in an appropriate quantity, improves the effectiveness of shielding against electromagnetic waves and, at the same time, satisfies the requirements that are important from a construction engineering point of view. Altogether, eighteen admixtures (including two types of fibers), added in different quantities, and three types of aggregate have been tested. The compressive and flexural strength test results show that the greatest improvement in the tested mechanical properties was achieved in the case of admixtures such as steel fibers, carbon black P803, ferrite, and fly ash. Regarding the effect of the admixtures on shielding effectiveness, the best results were obtained for graphite in the form of flakes, graphite in the form of powder, carbon black N990 and P803, polypropylene and steel fibers, and hybrid admixtures, i.e., ashporite aggregate with carbon black and ashporite aggregate with graphite flakes. Regarding both mechanical properties and HPM pulse shielding effectiveness, the best effects were achieved in the case of the specimens with a high steel fiber content.
Bioindication of Environmental Conditions Using Solar Park Vegetation
Authors: Uldrijan Dan , Winkler Jan , Vaverková Magdalena Daria
Published: May 2023

Solar parks are currently considered a new source of carbon-free energy. At the same time, they encroach on our landscape and create new conditions for flora and fauna. Vegetation responds to changes in living conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in soil conditions induced by solar parks using vegetation bioindicators. A vegetation assessment was carried out in a solar park located in the cadastral territory of the municipality of Unín (Czech Republic). Among the soil conditions observed, this study focused on soil moisture, pH, nitrogen availability, phosphorus availability, and salinity. A total of 77 taxa of vascular plants were identified. Based on the bioindication of vegetation, it can be concluded that there are changes in the conditions between sites under photovoltaic panels (PV) and between rows of PV panels. Under PV panels, species with extreme values of the monitored soil criteria have a higher representation. These species can tolerate salinity, deficiency, or excess nitrogen and phosphorus. Different conditions under PV panels lead to diversity in species composition. This results in significant fragmentation of solar couplet vegetation. However, extreme conditions may create room for invasive plant species to establish themselves. Thus, it is necessary to monitor changes in vegetation, especially under PV panels, in the following years. The characterization of environmental conditions based on vegetation biomonitoring shows the diversity of solar park conditions. Diverse conditions are also important for landscape fragmentation.
Effects of the Surface Roughness of Six Wood Species for Furniture Production on the Wettability and Bonding Quality of Coating
Authors: Yu Qinglin , Pan Xi , Yang Zhong , Zhang Li , Cao Jingyun
Published: May 2023

Wood surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE), wettability, and bonding quality for water-based acrylic coatings were investigated. The samples tested in this study included Pinus radiata, Pinus sylvestris, Larch, Hemp oak, Catalpa tree, and Camphor. Sandpaper with grits of 180, 240, 320, 400, and 500 was utilized to sand wood surfaces. The van OSS-Chaudhury-Good equation (vOCG) was used to calculate the SFE values. The modified model (M-D) was used to calculate the wettability based on the contact angle change rate (K value). The higher the K value, the faster the contact angle approaches equilibrium. A cross-cut test was used to evaluate the coating’s bonding quality. The anatomical structure of wood has an impact on the roughness of hardwood. The equilibrium contact angle is influenced by the wood species and sandpaper grit size. Sanding can make the surface of wood more wettable. Radiata pine that had been sanded to 180 grit had the highest SFE value. After finishing with waterborne acrylic, hardwood had a slightly better coating adhesion than softwood. Hemp oak wood had the lowest coating adhesion (0.6) and the highest K value (0.82). The best bonding quality (0.4) was supplied by the camphor wood with the lowest K value (0.13). Wettability in terms of K values was a good indication of determining the bonding quality of the water-based acrylic coatings.
The Anti-Termite Activity of Bacillus licheniformis PR2 against the Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Moon Jae-Hyun , Ajuna Henry B. , Won Sang-Jae , Choub Vantha , Choi Su-In , Yun Ju-Yeol , Hwang Won Joung , Park Sang Wook , Ahn Young Sang
Published: May 2023

Subterranean termites of the species Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis Morimoto (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) are notoriously destructive soil-dwelling pests that feed on the cellulosic wood biomass. This leads to tremendous losses of forest trees such as Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc. (Pinales: Pinaceae) and precious wooden structures of cultural heritage. This study investigated the efficacy of chitinase and protease produced by Bacillus licheniformis PR2 as cuticle-degrading enzymes for the biocontrol of worker termites. Bacillus licheniformis PR2 produced a strong chitinase and protease activity up to a maximum of 82.3 unit/mL and 35.9 unit/mL, respectively, and caused a lethal effect on termites under laboratory conditions. Treatment of termites with the bacterial broth culture and the crude enzyme fraction of B. licheniformis PR2 resulted in a maximum mortality rate (with a median lethal time (ET50)) of 83.3% (3 h, 36 min) and 88.9% (2 h, 59 min), respectively. The termites treated with B. licheniformis PR2 exhibited loss of setae, disintegration of epicuticle, rupturing of procuticle, and swelling at sockets. The degradation of cuticular chitin and glycoprotein polymers in the termite cuticle by chitinase and protease enzymes produced by B. licheniformis PR2 represents an effective eco-friendly strategy for controlling termite damage in Korean cultural heritage sites and forests.
Laboratory Durability Testing of Preservative-Treated Wood Products
Authors: Brischke Christian , Sievert Marten , Schilling Max , Bollmus Susanne
Published: May 2023

Recently, certain European standards have allowed for the classification of the biological durability of chemically modified wood and preservative-treated wood, including treated products, but necessary methods for representative sampling and testing are lacking. Instead of sampling from products that can contain areas of varying durability, this study aimed at testing full-size products. Sections of untreated and preservative-treated terrace decking and palisades were incubated with pure cultures of brown and white rot fungi. Instead of mass loss, the decayed cross-sectional area was determined. The spatial distribution of decay and wood moisture content was investigated. After 16 weeks of incubation, all untreated product specimens showed signs of decay independent of the test fungus. The treated specimens were less affected. The mean and the maximum decayed cross-sectional areas were well correlated, for both the total and the sapwood cross-sections. The wood moisture content after incubation was always favorable for fungal decay, but highest where the specimens were in direct contact with the malt agar. Different infestation pathways became evident: (1) from the sapwood mantle, (2) via radial checks, and (3) from the end-grain. The latter should be prevented in order to better mimic real outdoor exposure conditions.
Effect of Alternate Drying Techniques on Cross-Laminated Timber after Exposure to Free-Water Wetting
Authors: Shirmohammadi Maryam , Faircloth Adam
Published: May 2023

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels are commonly used in mass-timber multistorey constructions due to their prefabrication, construction flexibility, environmental credentials and weight-to-strength ratio advantages compared to competing building materials. However, the long-term durability and service life of these mass timber panels require further understanding of their performance when exposed to free water. Wetting and drying trials were conducted by exposing Radiata pine (Pinus radiata) CLT sections to either free water (pooling on a single surface) or submerged water (all directions exposed) saturation, followed by either ambient or fan drying. The panels exposed to water pooling only reached MC above the FSP up to 40 mm of the panel depth. For submerged panels, the MC reached values above the fibre saturation point (FSP) at depths of 30 to 40 mm penetration on both panel faces. When comparing the ambient and fan-drying panel sections over the same time period, a less uniform MC profile was observed for the ambient drying, whereas the fan-dried panels fell below the FSP faster and with a more consistent MC profile. A complementary study was conducted on a standalone 3.0 × 3.0 m CLT room, where the room was wetted during a simulated pipe burst event. The moisture monitoring of wall and floor panels during fan drying of the room showed that an MC reduction from an excess of 40% to below 20% could be reached in less than 96 h for the panels’ surface; however, the middle sections of the panels dried slower than the surface sections. The CLT structure fan drying required a longer drying time than the CLT sections tested due to the closed sections (overlaps and connected faces) and a lower rate of airflow. The study of drying CLT sections highlighted the product reaching and maintaining MC higher than FSP points and the need for further drying applied to minimise long-term decay development. Further study is recommended to investigate the effects of closed sections (connected faces) and the duration of drying needed for semi-finished and finished buildings.
Heterologous Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a Thermostable Endoglucanase (MtEG5-1) from Myceliophthora thermophila
Authors: Zhou Wenyuan , Tong Sheng , Amin Farrukh Raza , Chen Wuxi , Cai Jinling , Li Demao
Published: May 2023

Thermophilic endoglucanases have become of significant interest for effectively catalyzing the hydrolysis of cellulose. Myceliophthora thermophila is an ideal source of thermophilic enzymes. Interestingly, different hosts differently express the same enzymes. In this study, we successfully overexpressed endoglucanase (MtEG5-1) from M. thermophila in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris GS115, via electroporation. We found that purified MtEG5-1 exhibited optimum activity levels at pH 5 and 70 °C, with 88% thermal stability after being incubated at 70 °C for 2 h. However, we observed that purified MtEG5-1 had a molecular weight of 55 kDa. The Km and Vmax values of purified MtEG5-1 were approximately 6.11 mg/mL and 91.74 μmol/min/mg at 70 °C (pH 5.0), respectively. Additionally, the optimum NaCl concentration of purified MtEG5-1 was found to be 6 g/L. Furthermore, we observed that the activity of purified MtEG5-1 was significantly enhanced by Mn2+ and was inhibited by K+. These results indicated that MtEG5-1 expressed by P. pastoris GS115 is more heat-tolerant than that expressed by A. niger and P. pastoris X33. These properties of MtEG5-1 make it highly suitable for future academic research and industrial applications.
Intermediate Accumulation and Process Stability for Facultative and Obligate Anaerobic Treatment of Leachate from Waste Transfer Stations
Authors: Li Bei , Zhang Chiqian , Jin Cong , Wu Jinhua , Li Ping
Published: May 2023

The leachate from municipal solid waste transfer stations has a complex composition of pollutants, contains high concentrations of organic matter, and produces odors. The anaerobic digestion of leachate generates excessive volatile organic acids (VFAs), acidifying the digestate and destabilizing or even collapsing the anaerobic process. To solve these issues, we set up a facultative anaerobic system with air exposure and an obligate anaerobic system without air exposure to explore the impact of anaerobic degree on intermediate accumulation and anaerobic process stability. When the organic loading raised from 0.6 to 6.0 kg COD/(m3·d), VFA accumulation in the facultative system peaked at 3.30 g COD/L, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate dropped from 95% to 60%. By contrast, the obligate system remained stable, with VFA concentrations below 0.50 g COD/L and COD removal rates between 85% and 99%. Microbial sequencing shows that VFA-oxidizing bacteria enhanced VFA degradation, such as Syntrophomonas and Smithella, which increased from 4.62% and 0.76% in the facultative system to 17.64% and 0.88% in the obligate system, respectively. Coenzyme F420 concentration as an indicator of methanogenic activity was 50% higher in the obligate system. Therefore, an obligate anaerobic system is promising to alleviate acidification for stable anaerobic digestion of leachate.