bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Imprints of Stellar and Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback in the Circumgalactic Medium with X-Ray Microcalorimeters
Authors: Schellenberger Gerrit , Bogdán Ákos , ZuHone John A. , Oppenheimer Benjamin D. , Truong Nhut , Khabibullin Ildar , Jennings Fred , Pillepich Annalisa , Burchett Joseph , Carr Christopher , Chakraborty Priyanka , Crain Robert , Forman William , Jones Christine , Kilbourne Caroline A. , Kraft Ralph P. , Markevitch Maxim , Nagai Daisuke , Nelson Dylan , Ogorzalek Anna , Randall Scott , Sarkar Arnab , Schaye Joop , Veilleux Sylvain , Vogelsberger Mark , Wang Q. Daniel , Zhuravleva Irina
Published: July 2024

The Astro2020 Decadal Survey has identified the mapping of the circumgalactic medium (CGM; the gaseous plasma around galaxies) as a key objective. We explore the prospects for characterizing the CGM in and around nearby galaxy halos with a future large-grasp X-ray microcalorimeter. We create realistic mock observations from hydrodynamical simulations (EAGLE, IllustrisTNG, and Simba) that demonstrate a wide range of potential measurements, which will address the open questions in galaxy formation and evolution. By including all background and foreground components in our mock observations, we show why it is impossible to perform these measurements with current instruments, such as X-ray CCDs, and why only microcalorimeters will allow us to distinguish the faint CGM emission from the bright Milky Way (MW) foreground emission lines. We find that individual halos of MW mass can, on average and depending on star formation rate, be traced out to large radii, around R
500, and for larger galaxies even out to R
200, using prominent emission lines, such as O vii, or O viii. Furthermore, we show that emission-line ratios for individual halos can reveal the radial temperature structure. Substructure measurements show that it will be possible to relate azimuthal variations to the feedback mode of the galaxy. We demonstrate the ability to construct temperature, velocity, and abundance ratio maps from spectral fitting for individual galaxy halos, which reveal rotation features, active galactic nucleus outbursts, and enrichment.
The Variation in the Galaxy-wide Initial Mass Function for Low-mass Stars: Modeling and Observational Insights
Authors: Yan Zhiqiang , Li Jiadong , Kroupa Pavel , Jerabkova Tereza , Gjergo Eda , Zhang Zhi-Yu
Published: July 2024

The stellar initial mass function (IMF) characterizes the mass distribution of newly formed stars in various cosmic environments, serving as a fundamental assumption in astrophysical research. Recent findings challenge the prevalent notion of a universal and static IMF, proposing instead that the IMF’s shape is contingent upon the star formation environment. In this study, we analyze the galaxy-wide variation in the IMF for low-mass stars in both dwarf and massive galaxies with diverse observational methods. Despite systematic discrepancies between different approaches, an IMF model with a metallicity-dependent slope for the low-mass stars aligns with the majority of observations, indicating a high degree of uniformity in the star formation processes across the Universe. We also emphasize the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the variation in the low-mass IMF, considering measurement biases and factors beyond metallicity.
A coupled cartographic approach between bioclimatology and vegetation formations of Mexico
Authors: Gopar-Merino Fernando , Velazquez Alejandro , González-Pérez Alejandro , del Río Sara , Mas Jean F. , Penas Ángel
Published: July 2024

Aims: The task of classifying and naming Mexican vegetation types has been undertaken by previous botanists, ecologists, and mapping agencies. However, discrepancies remain due to the lack of criteria and joint efforts from a geographical and botanical perspective. We aim to unravel the complex interactions between climate and vegetation in Mexico using climatic data and advanced mapping techniques, display in maps the transition from land cover to vegetation maps and couple geobotanical and bioclimatological approaches to provide a sound, unified system for identifying Mexican bioclimatic physiognomic patterns. Methods: Bioclimatic mapping was developed from the Digital Climatic Atlas of Mexico data source. In addition, land cover and vegetation data were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico regrouped as described by the Standardized Hierarchical Vegetation Classification. These data were analysed via standard map crossing technics using geographic information systems. Results and conclusions: The results revealed five ombrotypes and five thermotypes, leading to the identification of 13 different bioclimatic classes, which, when combined with physiognomic types, led us to recognize 11 forests, 3 shrublands and 3 herbaceous formations (at a scale of 1:4,000,000). The core outcome is a detailed bioclimatic/physiognomic vegetation map including forests, shrublands and areas dominated by Herbaceous/Non-Vascular formations. The map highlights the critical importance of harmonising methodologies to ensure comprehensive and accurate insights into Mexico’s bioclimatic diversity.

Taxonomic reference: Villaseñor et al. (2005).

Syntaxonomic reference: Velázquez et al. (2021).

Abbreviations: INEGI = Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía; SECLAVEMEX = Standardized Hierarchical Vegetation Classification; WBCS = Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System.
La tendresse pour l’infans dans l’adulte : question métapsychologique ou question posée à la métapsychologie ?
Authors: Chiantaretto Jean-François
Published: July 2024

Cet article propose de reprendre la question de la tendresse : là où elle a commencé – avec Freud – et là où elle a re-commencé – avec le dialogue entre Freud et Ferenczi. Elle se pose entre eux deux, avec pour enjeu une métapsychologie intégrant, d’une part, les processus psychiques de l’analyste en séance et, d’autre part, le statut de l’infans dans l’adulte.
Tendresse et illusion au cœur de la relation clinique
Authors: Janssen Christophe
Published: July 2024

L’auteur tente de penser l’articulation entre tendresse et illusion telle qu’elle se pose au sein de la relation clinique. Ces deux notions impliquent une prise en compte de la réalité externe et de ses conséquences sur la réalité intrapsychique tant du patient que du thérapeute. À travers l’exploration théorique de ces processus mais aussi d’une vignette clinique, l’auteur en arrive à penser que la tendresse constitue la matière même de l’illusion à la base du lien intersubjectif.
Tendresse et contre-transfert en psychanalyse d’enfant
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: July 2024

Après l’évocation d’un cas clinique interrogeant le rapport de l’analyste au corps de l’enfant, l’auteur rappelle la distinction entre l’être (préobjectal) et l’existence (objectale) avant de dialectiser les affects au regard de la théorie des pulsions (être) et les émotions au regard de la théorie des relations d’objet (existence). Une petite histoire des idées amène ensuite à l’émotionalisation des sensations décrite par G. Haag et donc à l’impact contre-transférentiel des émotions.
Déjouer l’impact de l’absence : deux dispositifs ressources pour la protection de l’enfant
Authors: Vamos Julianna , Hours Armelle
Published: July 2024

C’est sur la notion de protection que les auteures proposent d’engager une réflexion à deux voix. Comment faire exister véritablement la dimension de la protection de l’enfant au sein des institutions de soin ? L’échange s’installe à partir de l’expérience clinique diversifiée de chacune des co-auteures, tant en pouponnière et en maternité que dans le champ de la protection de l’enfance . Les situations de trauma chez l’enfant, quel que soit son âge, sont toujours des situations à risque pour de multiples raisons. L’expérience de l’absence, exacerbée dans les situations d’abandon, est susceptible d’avoir des effets délétères sur la psyché. Quels dispositifs peuvent être mis en œuvre pour amorcer les processus de prévention/restauration/réparation, indispensables à la croissance et à la vitalité de l’enfant ? Dans un premier temps, les vertus d’un dispositif spécifique de prévention mis en place dans une maternité seront présentées dans les situations d’accouchement sous X. Ensuite, un dispositif groupal utilisant le conte sera exposé, séquences cliniques à l’appui, dans les situations de placement chez l’enfant, permettant d’organiser le processus de restauration dans ces contextes où les dommages psychiques sont déjà à l’œuvre. La tendresse, dans l’attitude et dans les modalités d’approche des soignants, prend tout son sens, tout autant pour la psyché que du côté de l’intersubjectivité. On peut l’observer dans le processus de création et de restauration des conditions de ces dispositifs, comme le montreront les exemples cliniques.
Le sacre du crime. Une matinée d’octobre à jamais
Authors: Landa Fabio
Published: July 2024

Cet article essaie de souligner que guerre et torture ne se confondent pas. Elles sont hétérogènes. La torture étant l’abolition de la tendresse. La tendresse étant le soutien de l’attestation irrévocable de l’existence. La guerre, écran de la torture.
Métapsychologie du pacte d’alliance radical : le maillage des familles avec des organisations totalitaires
Authors: Benghozi Pierre
Published: July 2024

Le processus fondateur d’une alliance à une organisation radicale, la mécanique de son engrenage et les échecs de tentatives de « déradicalisation » restent souvent énigmatiques. L’auteur émet l’hypothèse que le lien d’alliance radical, tel un couplage des familles d’origine de deux partenaires, a une fonction économique psychique de remaillage inter-contenants réciproque des liens de filiation et d’affiliation entre le contenant familial de l’adepte et celui de l’organisation radicale. À partir d’une expérience clinique dans des contextes géopolitiques et des dispositifs très différents, il décrit l’attaque de la filiation et la figure d’un néo-père mythique comme une caractéristique paradigmatique de l’architecture des liens structurant le maillage contenant de ces organisations groupales qu’il définit comme radicales et totalitaires. Il analyse le processus du pacte d’alliance radicale comme une néo-conversion à un néo-mythe d’auto-engendrement avec des néo-rituels à partir de la rencontre entre une demande, en résonance à une vulnérabilité, et une offre d’une organisation prédatrice totalitaire.
Comparing Sleep Quality, Duration, and Efficiency Among Low-Income Community-Dwelling Older Adults With and Without Physical Disabilities
Authors: Brightman James D. , Lafontant Kworweinski , Suarez Jethro Raphael M. , Crook Jennifer M. , Thiamwong Ladda
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Physical disabilities may exacerbate the natural decline in sleep quality that occurs with aging. In the current study, we assessed sleep quality and medicinal sleep aid use among 87 community-dwelling older adults with (
n
= 24) and without (
n
= 63) physical disabilities.

Method:

Sleep quality, duration, and efficiency were assessed subjectively with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep duration and efficiency were objectively measured with actigraphy. Participants self-reported medicinal sleep aid use.

Results:

Significant group differences were observed in sleep duration measured objectively (
p
= 0.01) and subjectively (
p
= 0.04). No other group differences were observed for sleep factors (
p
> 0.05) or medicinal sleep aid use (
p
= 0.41).

Conclusion:

Findings show that physical disability may be a factor in sleep duration; however, physical disability was not found to be associated with worsened sleep perception or greater reliance on medicinal sleep aids. Future research should consider longer objective actigraphy assessment windows and explore potential subgroup differences in sex and race/ethnicity. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(7), 12–18.]
A perseguição legal à homossexualidade na Península Ibérica: séculos XIX e XX
Authors: Afonso Raquel
Published: July 2024

O quadro legal que serve de base à perseguição da homossexualidade em Portugal e no Estado espanhol surge antes do início das ditaduras ibéricas. Em Portugal, por exemplo, a I República cria legislação contra “os que praticam vícios contra a natureza”, a partir da Lei da Mendicidade (1912). No caso espanhol, o Código Penal de 1870 introduz, pela primeira vez, as categorias de delitos sexuais, que são usados para a detenção de homossexuais até à chegada da democracia. Apesar da homo/lesbofobia ser anterior aos regimes fascistas, é neste tipo de regimes que a perseguição da homossexualidade se transforma num elemento chave. Estas e outras leis, a aplicar mais tarde pelo Estado Novo e pelo franquismo, levam a que a homossexualidade seja observada enquanto crime. As comparações efetuadas pretendem reforçar a necessidade de continuar a resgatar a memória LGBTI, em particular na Península Ibérica. Assim, este artigo pretende analisar e comparar a legislação aplicada a homossexuais nos dois países, desde o século XIX, com o surgimento dos primeiros Códigos Penais, até à descriminalização da homossexualidade, que tem lugar em meados dos anos 80 do século XX.
Hong Kong anthropologists within global neoliberalism and national and local politics
Authors: Mathews Gordon
Published: July 2024

There are global neoliberal pressures on the academy that are more or less faced by anthropologists around the world. To what extent are anthropologists required to publish in English in SSCI-ranked journals to keep their jobs and get promoted? But there are also distinctly national and local pressures to some extent counteracting or eclipsing these global pressures. In this article I explore these counteracting pressures in the context of Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, my home society, neoliberalism has reigned supreme, with a remarkably short-term mentality. Yet despite this, anthropology has been flourishing, and has operated with great freedom and generous funding that is quite exceptional by global standards. However, this may be coming to an end. In China there is direct government control over anthropology. Hong Kong, following the protests of 2019 and the advent of the national security law in 2020, may be following suit, with many democratic political figures and some journalists now in jail. In light of this ongoing narrowing of room for freedom of inquiry, what will happen to Hong Kong academics and to anthropology?
Enquêter la peur au ventre. Retour réflexif d’une enquête de terrain sur la folie au Gabon
Authors: Babongui-Mba Cordille-Verdia
Published: July 2024

En partant des données collectées pour mes recherches doctorales entreprises au Gabon, et dans la continuité des études menées en sciences sociales sur la sorcellerie et la folie, je me propose d’analyser de façon réflexive ma posture de chercheuse et la manière dont les relations d’enquête influent sur la construction de mon objet. En considérant qu’au Gabon, et en particulier dans le contexte culturel du Bwiti [l’invisible] fang, les processus thérapeutiques conçus pour soigner la folie véhiculent et confortent une certaine vision de la dangerosité des fous, cet exercice réflexif est ici l’occasion de saisir ce sentiment d’angoisse que la présence des fous suscite chez moi, et l’impact de cette émotion puissante sur la conduite de ma recherche. La réflexivité proposée ici consiste à montrer comment la gestion de cette peur a révélé la part intime que cette expérience des fous met au jour, du fait de ma proximité culturelle et familiale. Surtout, elle a montré comment cette peur m’a contrainte à considérer ces échanges émotionnels comme des matériaux à exploiter, au-delà des données d’enquêtes recueillies au sein du village thérapeutique Endedang Ening.
Stress Concentration Modelling on Resistance Spot Welding Lap Joint of Steel ASS316L and Titanium Ti-6Al-4V with Variable Weld Geometries
Authors: Kumar Nithia , Mohd Mansor Muhammad Safwan , Anjum Badruddin Irfan , Hussein Mohamed , Kamangar Sarfaraz
Published: July 2024

This research is a finite element simulation on resistance spot welding (RSW) process between dissimilar sheet metals consist of Titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V and Austenitic Stainless Steel (ASS) 316L. The problem statement was inability to visualize the stress concentration profile over weld nugget joint when Titanium alloy and steel welded with variable electrode geometry of circle, triangle, square and hexagon. To determine the best geometry for best weld with lowest maximum stress concentration. The methodology of simulation was tensile-shear test using SOLIDWORKS software. The tensile-stress load of 664.09 N was applied across all 4 different weld geometries. The result for the lowest magnitude of maximum stress 180.6 MPa was on circle weld geometry. Triangle geometry registered highest stress concentration of 219.6 MPa. This proves that most common weld geometry used in industry was circle. Even for dissimilar material joint the result supports that circle weld geometry as the best geometry. Keywords: Resistance spot welding (RSW), stress concentration, weld nugget, weld geometry.
The Role of Ceramic Materials in Surface Modification of Cutting Tools - A Review Paper
Authors: Asaad Wurood , Kareem Shaima'a J. , Al-Ethari Haydar
Published: July 2024

A modification cutting tool is a type of cutting tool that can be altered or adjusted to change its cutting properties. This can include changing the angle or shape of the cutting edge, adjusting the depth of cut, or modifying the material or coating used on the tool. These modifications allow for greater precision and efficiency in cutting operations, particularly in industries for manufacturing and construction different products. Ceramic materials can be used in coatings to provide a variety of benefits, such as corrosion, wear resistance , and thermal insulation. They also offer high hardness, low friction, and chemical stability. Ceramic coatings can be applied to various substrates including metals and ceramic. Modification of cutting tools using nanomaterial deposition is a promising approach to enhance their performance and durability. The process involves depositing one or more layer of nanosized particles onto the surface of the cutting tool, which can improve its mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties. Keywords: Ceramic materials ; coating ;cutting tools; coating process.
A Practical Analysis of Wire Drawing Operation Effects on the Die and Product Behaviors
Authors: Imad Adnan Wisam Imad , Nasser Mohammed Ali , Hussein Haidar Akram
Published: July 2024

This study analyse the effects of different wire drawing experimental tests on the die and product properties. Drawing load, temperature, and wear rate are main die factors, that concerned with the interaction effects of drawing speed variation, wire angle alignment and lubrication. For the product, two factors; tensile strength and hardness are taken. A copper wire is drawing from (4.3 mm) into (3.5 mm) diameter with an area reduction of 1.65, 34% ratio.Six dies were employed in various alignments at three different angles (0°, 1°, and 2°), each has two different drawing speeds of (20 mm/min and 40 mm/min). Results show, the highest drawing load and temperature values in die no.5. The effect of using grease on the die wear rate found that the die wear decreases compared to without. But, when using mixed gradients under the same working conditions, the wear rate changed into coating layer on the die surface. The interaction effect of wire alignment on the product strength showing very small when dealing with low or higher speed, but elongation and ductility are significantly reduced with increasing the angle. The wire produced from die no.1, gives the highest micro hardness.
Prospective Randomized Study of Ultrasound Guided In-Plane Versus Out-Of-Plane Radial Artery Cannulation in Adult Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Arul Achinthya Roopa , Kumara Vijaya , Rai Guruprasad
Published: July 2024

Background: With the more frequent use of ultrasound in medical practice, radial artery cannulation using ultrasound has proven to be better than the traditional landmark technique. Ultrasound-guided techniques reduce the risk of cannulation failure and complications like hematoma, arterial spasm, etc. Ultrasound is helpful in obesity, pediatric age group, and hemodynamically unstable patients with a feeble pulse. This study performed a comparison between in-plane and out-of-plane ultrasound-guided techniques for cannulation of the radial artery.Methodology: This study was prospective randomized and interventional. The study involved adult patients scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery requiring arterial cannulation. Institutional ethics committee approval and consent was taken from the patients. A total of 128 patients were randomized into the in-plane and the out-of-plane ultrasound groups. In the operation room, radial artery cannulation was done under local anesthesia using a hockey stick ultrasound probe. The objective of the study was to compare the incidence of first-pass success rate, the number of attempts, number of redirections, cannulation completion time and incidence of complications in two groups.Results: The demographic data was found to be comparable. The in-plane group had a higher incidence of first attempt success as compared to the out-of-plane group with a P value of 0.021. There was no statistically significant difference in other clinical outcomes.Conclusion: The in-plane technique had a higher first-attempt success rate. Hence it should be considered for use in routine practice to improve patient care.
Dexmedetomidine vs. Propofol: Haemodynamic Changes in Conscious Sedation in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery in the Beach Chair Position: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Hapugoda Minura , Kariyawasam Lewan P.
Published: July 2024

Background: Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) combined with conscious sedation is a viable alternative to general anaesthesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the beach chair position. The purpose of the trial was to compare the haemodynamic instability and safety of Dexmedetomidine vs Propofol for conscious sedation in arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the beach chair position. Method: A single-blinded prospective randomized trial was conducted in 56 patients randomly allocated into Dexmedetomidine and Propofol groups for conscious sedation following ISB placement. The primary outcome was to measure intraoperative haemodynamic variations (systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate) in the two groups maintaining adequate conscious sedation during arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the beach chair position.   Results: In the dexmedetomidine group a significantly higher percentage of systolic blood pressure (21.86 𝑣𝑠 10.81%, p = 0.001, 𝑑 = 1.05) and a higher percentage heart rate (18.52 vs 9.02%, p = 0.002, 𝑑 = .98)  drop from baseline measurements was noted. A large (d ≥ 0.8) Cohen’s effect size suggested the high practical significance of the finding. Perioperative hypotensive (f=19, p<0.001) and bradycardic (f=21, p=0.003) episodes were significantly more frequent in the dexmedetomidine group. The propofol group had a greater incidence of airway complications requiring intervention (f=6 vs f=0, p=.023).   Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine leads to significant blood pressure and heart rate reductions from baseline values in the beach chair position providing controlled hypotension and has minimal airway complications in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery in the beach chair position under ISB and conscious sedation compared to Propofol.
Optimal positioning of central venous catheters using intracavitary electrocardiogram: A narrative review
Authors: Chandrasiri D. A. C. T. , Munasinghe B. M. , Abewardana S. H. P. E. L. , Amaraweera P. R. H. D. , Hadfield G. , Mayall M. F.
Published: July 2024

Central venous catheters (CVCs), either inserted centrally or peripherally (PICCs), are an essential therapeutic assist tool within and beyond critical care. The correct position of the tip of the CVC is important as suboptimal positioning may lead to complications. Chest X-ray remains the mainstay for tip position confirmation for the vast majority of CVCs. Intracavitary electrocardiogram (IC-ECG) is a validated method that can be utilized for this purpose. It is an accurate, easy-to-use, safer technique without radiation exposure. Its routine adoption in clinical practice is not universal. This narrative review discusses the techniques used for IC-ECG and their clinical implications.
Green coffee and green tea as alternative medicines for the treatment of hyperglycemia
Authors: Wijesooriya W. D. T. H. , Gunathilaka M. D. T. L.
Published: July 2024

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by the body's inability to regulate blood glucose levels effectively. An autoimmune disease known as type 1 diabetes occurs when the immune system erroneously targets and kills beta cells in the islets of the pancreas. Insulin resistance, a condition in which the body's cells do not adequately respond to insulin, causes type 2 diabetes. As the available hypoglycemic drugs exhibit several side effects, it is important to search for natural remedies to treat hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. The unroasted coffee beans used to make green coffee are rich in chlorogenic acid, a polyphenol with antioxidant effects and several biological activities. According to previous studies, chlorogenic acid improves insulin sensitivity, glycemic management, and glucose metabolism. Similarly, green tea is rich in catechins, particularly epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which exhibits several biological properties. Numerous studies have revealed that EGCG may help to enhance insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose management. However, more research is required to determine the molecular mechanisms by which these phytochemicals in green tea and green coffee ameliorate the development of hyperglycemia and improve insulin sensitivity.
Phytoplankton community structure in the dry zone reservoirs of Sri Lanka at the declining phase of the tropical monsoon
Authors: Gunawardana M. A. S. V. Menik Hitihami , Atapaththu S. S. Keerthi , Sanjaya Kelum , Ajith Yapa Mudiyanselage L. W. Y. , Masakorala Kanaji , Widana Gamage M. K. Shirani
Published: July 2024

We studied the phytoplankton community structure and their relationship to the physicochemical properties of water by selecting five major freshwater reservoirs; Bandagiriya, Kattakaduwa, Lunugamvehera, Ridiyagama, and Tissa in the Southern dry zone of Sri Lanka during the declining phase of tropical monsoon rainfall (December 2019 to January 2020). Fifty-seven species, dominated by Cyanophyta (63%), followed by Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Euglenophyta were identified morphologically and through DNA sequencing. The majority of Cyanophyta were filamentous forms (62%) with approximately 88% being cyanotoxin producing species. The species composition of phytoplankton communities is reservoir specific. Microcystis was dominant in Lunugamvehera while the diatom Melosira was dominant in Ridiyagama, Kattakaduwa and Tissa. The lowest phytoplankton density and diversity were observed in Bandagiriya mainly due to high turbidity and total suspended solids which interfere with light penetration through the water column. Physicochemical properties of water were significantly different among reservoirs, leading to reservoir specific correlations between phytoplankton density and physicochemical properties of water which might have been driven by the inter-correlative effects of biotic and abiotic factors at the time of sampling. Therefore, the interactive effects might be responsible for the observed variations in phytoplankton community composition. Thus, the present study provides important information on the phytoplankton community structure at the onset of successional episodes in five tropical freshwater reservoirs in relation to their spatial variations in hydrological regimes and physicochemical properties. Such data would provide essential information for planning and implementation of reliable and efficient strategies for monitoring, sampling, forecasting, and managing algal blooms.
Experimental and Analytical Approach Towards Determining an Optimal Wing Arrangement for eVTOL Aircraft based on Aerodynamic Performance and Handling Qualities
Authors:   Nanyang Technological University, Lim Shawn , Koh Philemon , Suppiah Satish , Lee Eden , Wang James
Published: July 2024

This paper investigates optimal wing arrangements for electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft, leveraging on their design flexibility with electric propulsion system. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach with the objective of integrating aerodynamic analysis, static and dynamic stability assessments, and pilot feedback to evaluate various wing configurations. Analytical techniques were adopted to evaluate aerodynamic performance and static stability, while experimental flight testing on scale models was conducted to validate these findings. Additionally, the Cooper-Harper rating system was introduced to capture pilot perceptions of aircraft handling qualities. Results inform eVTOL designers on wing arrangements that offer enhanced aerodynamic efficiency, stability, and handling qualities, ultimately expanding the operational scope and applications of eVTOL aircraft. The study concludes the versatility of the high aspect ratio conventional wing on eVTOL aircraft, providing excellent overall performance in the various aspects. This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding on how different wing configurations influence range and handling qualities in eVTOL aircraft.
Dragonfly Rotor Optimization using Machine Learning Applied to an OVERFLOW Generated Airfoil Database
Authors:   NASA Ames Research Center, Cornelius Jason ,   The Pennsylvania State University, Schmitz Sven
Published: July 2024

NASA's 4th New Frontiers Mission is the Titan Dragonfly relocatable lander. This coaxial quadrotor vehicle will be launched on a rocket to Titan in 2028. Following a gravity assisted Earth flyby and an approximate 6-year transit, Dragonfly will enter the Titan atmosphere around 2034 with the goal of exploring Titan's pre-biotic chemistry and habitability. The multirotor design for this unique application has continually evolved since 2016 with constraints such as Titan's cryogenic atmosphere at 95 Kelvin (-288 F), gravity 14% that of Earth's, atmospheric density 440% of standard sea-level air, and the inability to test the entire system together under all these conditions until the first flight on Titan. This paper focuses on rotor design aspects of the Dragonfly lander and introduces a novel framework for multirotor design optimization considering multiple flight conditions. The methodology leverages machine learning methods and is demonstrated in the context of Dragonfly. A new OVERFLOW Machine Learning Airfoil Performance (PALMO) database is first presented. PALMO is then wrapped inside a Bayesian optimization framework and applied to a 4-rotor system (one side of the Dragonfly lander). Training data is generated on each iteration of the optimization using the CAMRAD-II comprehensive analysis software to evaluate successive rotor designs in multiple relevant flight conditions. An optimal design for the 4-rotor system was found with approximately 900 rotor designs analyzed in CAMRAD-II, which required 9 million queries of the PALMO surrogate models. This demonstration case evaluated 10,000,000 potential candidate rotor designs in 5.5 hours on 114 CPU cores using uniform inflow, and in 27.8 hours using the prescribed wake model. This work thus enables mid-fidelity rotor design optimization without requiring access to high-performance computing.
Health-related quality of life in children with severe hemophilia A on emicizumab prophylaxis
Authors: Hassan Ahmed S. , Sherief Laila M. , Hamdy Mona , Abbas Ahmed M. , Elagamy Osama
Published: July 2024

Background

Emicizumab is a novel nonreplacement therapy for patients with hemophilia A. It is intended to reduce the frequency and severity of serious bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A.

Aim

To assess how emicizumab affected quality of life and physical activity in children with severe hemophilia A.

Patients and methods

Thirty-seven children with severe hemophilia A received emicizumab prophylaxis. We used EQ-5D-Y and pedHAL activity list questionnaires to assess quality of life and physical activity, respectively, at baseline (before receiving emicizumab prophylaxis) and after 1 year of regular emicizumab prophylaxis.

Results

The mean age of the children included in the study was 9.32 ± 3.75 years. Of them, 19 patients were with FVIII inhibitors (51.35%), and 18 patients were negative for FVIII inhibitors (48.65%). The median (interquartile range) PedHAL sum score was 57.6 (48.8–62) at baseline, then reached 76 (70–81.5) after a year of emicizumab prophylaxis; this change was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Also, there was a significant increase in the proportion of patients with no problem in all EQ-5d-Y dimensions after a year of emicizumab prophylaxis (P<0.05). The median (interquartile range) value of the visual analog scale score at baseline was 67 (54–75) and became 76 (70–81.5) after a year of receiving emicizumab prophylaxis. This improvement was statistically significant (P<0.001).

Conclusion

Emicizumab prophylaxis improves quality of life and physical activity in children with severe hemophilia A.
Prognostic impact of inhibitors of DNA binding proteins1 and inhibitors of DNA binding proteins4 genes expression on adult Egyptian patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Abdelrahman Amira M. N. , Zidan Magda A. E.-A. M. , Abdellateif Mona S. , Awad Ola S. E. D. , Hassan Naglaa M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis and treatment are currently being better understood at an accelerated rate. Determining genetic and epigenetic changes that can identify patients who are at risk of poor outcomes is therefore desired to optimize treatment options. Many solid tumors have been reported to overexpress Inhibitors of DNA binding proteins (ID1), but few research has looked at the clinical significance of ID1 expression in AML. Additionally, little research has been focused on the direct role of ID4 in myeloid malignancies, as well as its expression and methylation patterns. The aim of the current study was to assess ID1 and ID4 gene expression in bone marrow (BM) aspiration specimens of 91 AML patients, compared with 14 control donors of bone marrow transplantation (BMT), using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Data were correlated with patients’ clinicopathological features, response to treatment, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) rates.

Results

ID1 transcript level was significantly increased in AML bone marrow samples compared with normal controls (P = 0.002), while ID4 gene expression showed a nonsignificant difference (P = 0.717). In addition, there was a significant increase in ID1 gene expression in fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutant group than fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 wild group (P = 0.010). The total leukocytic count (TLC) was significantly higher in patients with high ID1 expression (P = 0.038) and patients with undetected ID4 expression (P = 0.025). No significant associations were detected between ID1 and ID4 expression levels and patients’ clinicopathological characteristics and OS rates.

Conclusion

In contrast to ID4, overexpressed ID1 can be adopted as a genetic biomarker for diagnosing AML. ID1 and ID4 expressions did not affect the patients’ OS or DFS.
Neutrophil volume, conductivity, and scatter (VCS) as a screening tool in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Imam Safaa S. , Ibraheem Yasmeen M. Mahmood Ali , Sorial Remonda M. M. , Hussein Mohamed H. M.
Published: July 2024

Background

The aim of the study is to establish changes in Neutrophil volume, conductivity, and scatter (VCS) in neonatal sepsis and to determine appropriate cutoff levels to be used as a screening tool for neonatal sepsis.

Methods

This prospective observational study was conducted at the Neonatal Intensive care Units at Ain Shams University. It included 25 septic neonates diagnosed based on the presence of risk factors of sepsis, clinical or laboratory evidence suggestive of sepsis, and positive blood culture results. A control group of 25 age-matched neonates was also included. Blood counts were processed in the automated hematology analyzer, Beckman coulter LH 750. Neutrophil VCS Parameters were analyzed and correlated with different clinical and laboratory data of the study sample.

Results

In this study, the value of mean neutrophil volume (MNV) was significantly increased, and the value of mean neutrophil scatter (MNS) was significantly decreased in the septic group compared with the control group, with P value = 0.026 and 0.025, respectively. The MNV showed a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 48%, a PPV of 64.9%, an NPV of 92.3%, and a cutoff point of >140.2 with AUC of 0.713. The MNS showed a sensitivity of 68%, a specificity of 92%, a PPV of 89.5%, a NPV of 74.2%, and a cutoff point of ≤129.4 with an AUC of 0.718.

Conclusion

Although neutrophil VCS parameters cannot be used alone to diagnose or rule out neonatal sepsis, they aid as additional markers for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. They can also be used in combination with other hematological screening tests to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the neonatal sepsis screen.
Fear of COVID-19, Health Anxiety and Work-Family Conflict in Nurses Working in the COVID-19 Ward
Authors: Mirbazegh Seyedeh Fatemeh , Ranjbaran Simin , Allameh Seyed Farshad , Hakemi Ali Ganjalikhan , Rezaie Fereshteh , Jannat Forouzandeh , Harouni Gholamreza Ghaedamini , Moghaddam Ladan Fattah
Published: July 2024

Background:

COVID-19 is an example of an epidemic and sudden crisis that has affected many aspects of life and work and identifying the factors that contribute to its impact can help prevent similar crises in the future. The purpose of this study was to investigate fear of COVID-19, health anxiety, and work–family conflict in nurses working in COVID-19 wards in hospitals affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive-analytical study used a census method to survey 226 nurses working in eight hospitals affiliated with TUMS. Demographics information and three questionnaires including; the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Short Health Anxiety Inventory, and Work–Family Conflict Scale were completed online. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical statistics, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was considered.

Results:

Structural equation modeling test showed that work–family conflict had an effect on health anxiety, and health anxiety had an effect on fear of COVID-19 (p < 0.05). The severity of the effect of work–family conflict on health anxiety was 0.73, and the severity of the effect of health anxiety on fear of COVID-19 was 0.46. Work–family conflict had an indirect effect on fear of COVID-19 mediated only by health anxiety (p < 0.05) and the severity of the indirect effect was 0.33.

Conclusions:

Health anxiety plays a mediating role in the relationship between work–family conflict and fear of COVID-19. Workplaces should provide more support to their employees during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and prevention programs should be implemented to decrease anxiety.
The Effect of Yoga Practice on Labor Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nikpour Maryam , Sepidarkish Mahdi , Joneidi Elham , Darzipour Mahbobeh , Firouzbakht Mojgan
Published: July 2024

Background:

Labor pain management is a critical aspect of midwifery care and an essential purpose of childbirth-related care. There is a need for comprehensive results on relevant non-therapeutic methods of reducing labor pain. This systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to investigate the effect of yoga practice on labor pain.

Material and Methods:

We performed a systematic literature search from SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct for relevant studies from January 1, 1990 to June 2, 2022. We selected published quasi-randomized and randomized controlled trial studies that evaluated the effect of yoga practice on labor pain. Quality research was applied. We pooled the Standardized Mean Dfference (SMD) of labor pain in pregnant women with and without yoga practice during pregnancy using a random-effects model at 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs).

Results:

Nine studies including 660 women were included in the meta-analysis. Pregnant women in the yoga practice group experienced statistically significantly low labor pain at the beginning of the active phase compared to the control group (SMD: -1.10, 95% CI: -1.61, -0.58, p < 0.001; I2 = 89%). Yoga interventions also reduced the intensity of labor pain in active (SMD: -1.32, 95% CI: -2.03, -0.60, p < 0.001; I2 = 92%) and transition (SMD: -1.93, 95% CI: -2.87, -0.99, p < 0.001; I2 = 92%) phases compared to the control group, respectively.

Conclusions:

The results of the study showed that yoga practice during pregnancy reduces the intensity of labor pain in different labor phases. However, these findings should be considered cautiously due to the substantial heterogeneity between studies.
Prevalence of Breastfeeding among Working versus Nonworking Mothers in Saudi Arabia: A Regional Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Almalki Faisal Ghazi , Algithmi Jana Abdulnaser , Alghamdi Haitham Mohammed , Alhnaidi Malek Adeeb , Kandil Hammam
Published: July 2024

Background:

Breastfeeding practices in Saudi Arabia may vary between working and non-working mothers. Working hours and work-related responsibilities may be obstacles to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF).

Objectives:

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of breastfeeding among working versus non-working mothers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and to investigate barriers to EBF among working mothers.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional survey-based study, in which 507 women were surveyed, predominantly aged 26–33 years. The data were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire sent randomly through social media. The Chi-squared test was employed to assess the prevalence and the factors influencing the choice of breastfeeding methods in these groups.

Results:

EBF rate was 82% and 85.5% in non-working and working mothers, respectively. Exclusively breastfeeding mothers favored direct breastfeeding (54%) and mostly breastfed for over 6 months of their infants’ age (92%), whereas non-EBF mothers favored a combination of milk pumps and direct breastfeeding (P ≤ 0.001). The majority of working mothers strongly agree with the continuation of breastfeeding for the first 6 months of the child’s life if the workplace provides special breastfeeding facilities, provides paid maternity leave, or if they get help with housework.

Conclusion:

There was no difference in the duration of breastfeeding in working mothers compared to nonworking mothers. Working mothers report many barriers to breastfeeding, and those strategies should be targeted by governmental programs to enhance EBF practices.
Glomerular Filtration Rate in Sick Neonates: A Focus on Cystatin C
Authors: Avong Olusola , Abdulkadir Isa , Bugaje Mairo
Published: July 2024

Background:

The use of creatinine as an endogenous marker of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is well-established in clinical practice, despite its limitations. As a step toward limiting this drawback, cystatin C and various biomarkers came into use in determining renal function. In sick neonates, various pathologies may impair renal function thus, underscoring the need for accurate estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed at evaluating the use of cystatin C in estimating the GFR of sick neonates in comparison to creatinine.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary center in North Central, Nigeria, for 4 months. One hundred and seventy-three sick neonates admitted into the special care baby unit were recruited. Blood was sampled at admission for determination of serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, while a repeat sample for creatinine was taken 48 hours after. GFR was estimated using the Schwartz formula for creatinine and the Zappitelli equation for cystatin C and compared with an inulin reference.

Results:

The median (interquartile range [IQR]) eGFR derived from cystatin C was 48.8 (21.0) mL/min/1.73 m2, it was higher than the median creatinine-derived GFR at admission and was of statistical significance. It is also approximated closer to the inulin reference. The median (IQR) eGFR derived from creatinine at admission was 21.2 (21.4) mL/min/1.73 m2. Creatinine-derived eGFR was significantly lower in babies with asphyxia and neonatal sepsis compared to those who did not have these diagnoses. Cystatin C-derived eGFR showed no variation between the various diagnoses.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, cystatin C is a useful and unbiased determinant of eGFR in sick neonates as compared to creatinine.
Acne Vulgaris in Saudi Arabia – Myths and Common Misconceptions: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aldosari Manal A. , Aldosari Dalal A. , Almutairi Rahaf H. , Aldosari Turki A. , Shadid Asem M. , Alzamil Fajer M.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Acne vulgaris is a long-term condition of the sebaceous glands that usually occurs during puberty. The mean prevalence of acne in Saudi males is 54% and ranges from 54% to 84% among Saudi females. Despite the high prevalence of acne vulgaris, it is shrouded in multiple misconceptions that are widely spread among the general public and among patients with acne.

Purpose:

This study is conducted to assess the knowledge, awareness, and widespread myths and misconceptions about acne vulgaris.

Methods:

A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in Saudi Arabia in August 2022 through 1164 self-administered, convenient sampling technique online questionnaires. Sociodemographic data, as well as knowledge regarding acne and its treatment, were collected and evaluated.

Results:

Three-quarters of the respondents (73%) knew that stress precipitated acne, and two-thirds (66%) knew that fat-rich food could increase the risk of developing acne. Knowledge was lower in males than females, while a family history of acne was associated with higher knowledge. Most respondents (76%) knew that hormonal changes could precipitate acne. More than half of the respondents did not know whether Vitamin A derivatives increased the risk of depression (61%), anxiety, and stress (55%). Three-quarters of the respondents (73%) knew that stress precipitated acne, and two-thirds (66%) knew that fat-rich food could increase the risk of developing acne. The most common source of information was the Internet (40.8%) followed by social media platforms (25.2%) and physicians (15.2%).

Conclusion:

There was an adequate level of knowledge. Approximately half of the respondents declared the Internet as a source of their information. We recommend physicians to educate their patients about acne, to elaborate society-oriented campaigns, and to encourage dermatologists to spread information through the Internet and social media platforms as they are considered a major source of information in this study.