bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of shopping in human life in 2021
Authors: Samek Ilona , Jańczyk Magdalena , Milanowska Joanna
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Society today is overly overwhelmed with advertisements for attractive products and ways to purchase them. The population is becoming richer and richer, which means they can spend more money on entertainment and their own pleasures.  

Purpose: To present the role of shopping in human life in 2021 from the perspective of consumers.

Material and method: The study was carried out using the author's questionnaire. 260 questionnaires were collected and analyzed.

Results: Men (52.3%) and women (47.7%) participated in the study. More than half of them (53.8%) were employed and more than 30% were studying.  One in three respondents earned cash income greater than the minimum national gross rate. Nearly 60% rated their material situation as good. The analysis showed knowledge of the term "consumerism" by 83.1% of people. The study showed that the respondents shopped several times a week (69.2%) and even daily (18.5%). In order to buy food products, they usually visited supermarkets (64.6%), and in buying products they were most often guided by quality (47.7%). They are most encouraged by sales (50.8%), as well as recommendations from friends (18.5%) and product ingredients (12.6%). The data shows that as many as 58.5% of respondents used shopping to improve their mood. They were also induced to buy products by advertisements in the media (49.2%).

Conclusions: For consumers, apart from the price, the quality of the products is of primary importance. They buy mainly in large supermarkets and via the Internet. The advertisements in media, promotions and the desire to improve one’s mood are the reasons of increasing phenomenon of consumerism.
Red meat and different dietary patterns and cardiovascular health - the review
Authors: Borowiecka Monika , Góralczyk Wanesa , Zając Marlena , Brzezińska Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are in a majority of health issues worldwide. Dietary habits have been extensively studied in the cardiovascular area since they are responsible for improvement or deterioration of that system condition. One of the most commonly mentioned product is red meat, both processed and unprocessed.

Brief description of the state of knowledge: The aim of this review was to present currently available knowledge in the online database PubMed about consumption of red meat and cardiovascular health. The article covers scientific papers which indicate to the risk factor, which is intake of processed and unprocessed meat, and eventually incidents of CVD. It is also claimed that effects of consumption that group of protein may be dependent of its dosage.

Conclusions: The review support an assumption that dietary patterns, in this case red meat, processed and unprocessed, play a significant role in being CVD risk factors. Besides, that influence should be measured more precisely and new scientific tools for tracking dietary habits should be input.
The number of passively smoked cigarettes and the risk of lung cancer among the inhabitants of the Świętokrzyskie Region (2010-2018)
Authors: Chudzik Robert , Rybojad Paweł
Published: September 2021

Air purity is one of the factors affecting human health. Over the years, numerous scientific reports have provided us with evidence of the effects of air pollution on health. Along with the increase in pollution, the risk of respiratory and circulatory diseases in particular increases. The main pollutants are Airborne particulate matters (PM) which, depending on the size, vary between 2.5 and 10. Their presence is mainly related to the burning of fossil fuels. Another significant air pollutant is NO2, mainly related to road transport. It is believed that the long term exposure to NO2 could increase inflammation. The negative effect of air pollution is also associated with an increased frequency of strokes, exacerbations of mental illnesses and also with diseases of the digestive system.

We analyzed the data available in the Polish National Cancer Registry (PNCR), Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection and Air Quality Guidelines, We checked air pollution by the means of  PM2.5 , PM10 and NO2 and thanks to mathematical equation delivered by Saskia C. van der Zee converted them into number of  passively smoked cigarettes. Above data we compared to lung cancer morbidity in Świętokrzyskie Region.

Based on the latest published data, we can infer that in 2010-2018 each citizen of Świętokrzyskie Region smoked average 9,8 cigarettes a day +/- 2,3. The incidence of lung cancer is more or less the same number with a slight upward trend. After 61 years everyone in the exanimated region had 30 package-years of passive smoking and high risk of lung cancer.

Air quality in Poland is not rewarding, exceeding WHO Guidelines 2005 recommendations translates into an increased risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
The effect of consumption of selected nutrients on the occurrence and course of depression
Authors: Krasowska Dominika , Jastrzębska-Mierzyńska Marta , Kwiatkowski Michał , Hermanowicz Adam
Published: September 2021

Depression is a disease characterized by both mental and somatic disorders. The 21st century turned out to be the time when depression became a real health threat not only to individuals but also to entire societies. There are many theories pointing to the causes of depression, but these immediate causes are still not definitively clear. Equivalent importance of neuroanatomical and psycho-social factors is indicated. Among the theories considered so far, there are biological, hormonal, neurotransmitter-related, describing the malfunctions of the limbic system and hypothalamus, psychological theories. The studies conducted so far show that psychosocial factors play an extremely important role in the etiology of depression. Symptoms of depression are very complex and multifaceted, and may vary in severity. As a result of studies on the risk factors for depression, a relationship between the deficiency of individual nutrients and the manifestation of depressive disorders has been shown. The aim of the study is to present the influence of particular nutrients on the occurrence and course of depression. A properly balanced diet, both quantitatively and qualitatively, has a positive effect on reducing the risk of depression, as well as improving the condition of people who already suffer from it. Among the nutrients of particular importance are vitamin D, magnesium, folic acid, tryptophan, zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, cobalamin, and some probiotic microorganisms.
Epidemiology of fractures during COVID-19 pandemic: a short review
Authors: Nowaczek Justyna , Oszczędłowski Paweł , Pytka Michalina , Giermasiński Adrian
Published: September 2021

Summary

Introduction and purpose: The purpose od this study is to describe changes in epidemiological trends of fractures, especially osteoporotic fractures, during COVID-19 pandemic. Before the pandemic, fractures in the young population were more frequent than in elderly population, because of more active lifestyle.

A brief description of the state of knowledge: COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has effectively reduced people’s mobility and ability to travel. This has resulted in lowered rate of traumatogenic incidents that cause fractures, including traffic accidents and accidents during performing sport. When people spend more time at their homes, incidence of household fractures is growing, especially in elderly population. Osteoporosis makes bones of elderly people more suspectible to fracture. Majority of drugs used in treatmen for osteoporosis are said not to interact with risk or severity of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, geriatric fractures have become one of the severe problems for healthcare systems. Isolation at people’s homes has resulted in increased rate of fractures occuring at home, especially in elderly population. Difficulties caused by pandemic made rates of properly performed osteoporotic treatment lower, increasing risk of fractures even more. Mortality after fractures has risen even in patients with negative result of testing for COVID-19.
What are the newest outcomes about Legg-Calve-Perthes disease etiology after 110 years over its discovering ? – literature review
Authors: Węgrzyniak Agata , Wokurka Wojciech , Dudek Iga , Piech Piotr
Published: September 2021

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head, known as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD), is one of the most common necrosis among paediatric patients. Although it was described over 110 years ago its aetiology is still not established. Neither have effective treatment methods, which main aim is to maintain the joint with a full range of motion and to reduce the risk of developing degenerative changes. According to the literature, the exact aetiology of LCPD has still not been established. Increasingly, immunological and genetic disorders are highlighted in the literature, which may be an important cause of disease development. However, the number of reliable studies on this subject is very limited. Once again, the influence of various risk factors present in fetal life has been analysed, but in a study with a significantly larger group of subjects. It has been repeatedly stressed that age, stage and radiological classification have a very important influence on the choice of treatment method and its effectiveness. Another important aspect is the need for reliable clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of bisphosphonate drugs and BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins). In all studies, the need to perform more studies, on quantitatively larger groups of subjects, is significantly emphasized.
The influence of the Mediterranean diet on glucose metabolism
Authors: Mielniczek Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Insulin resistance is the first stage of diabetes development. It has been defined as a dysmetabolic state in which the biological response of target tissues (particularly liver, muscle and adipose tissue) to circulating insulin is impaired. This leads to hyperinsulinemia, which in turn leads to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The basic ingredients of the Mediterranean diet, such as fruit, vegetables, fish rich in fat, extra virgin olive oil, tree nuts, red wine, have been defined in the functional food model by the natural content of nutraceuticals such as polyphenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols and unsaturated fatty acids.
Purpose of the work : Demonstrate the beneficial effects of implementing the Mediterranean diet in patients with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. The appropriate samples were accessed using a search engine in the PubMed database. The reviews and meta-analyzes published over the last 10 years were used.
Results: After changing the diet to a diet rich in these nutrients, a greater improvement in IR was shown in obese people compared to other diets. In addition, dietary polyphenols demonstrated clinically significant benefits in metabolic and microvascular functions leading to lowering of fasting cholesterol and glucose, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in high-risk and T2DM patients.
Conclusions: Mediterranean diets with the addition of extra virgin olive oil or nuts reduced total body weight and improved glucose metabolism.
NSAIDs and PPIs - review of new reports
Authors: Klas Jakub , Kluz Natalia , Piwowar Klaudia
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to systematise knowledge on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) inhibiting potassium hydrogen ATPase. A review of recent reports on possible side effects and new therapeutic options will be presented.

Results: Over the last few years, reports of PPI side effects have been published: drug-induced thrombocytopenia, severe hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia or rhabdomyolysis. In the case of NSAIDs, ancillary therapeutic effects in the supportive therapy of multiple myeloma or in the reduction of adenoma formation in the colon stand out, but also cases of acute kidney injury in children. On the basis of meta-analyses, attempts were made to demonstrate the effect of individual NSAIDs on the occurrence of cardiovascular complications, stroke or myocardial infarction

Conclusions: Despite the fact that the indicated preparations were admitted to the list of drugs several decades ago, still their pharmacological potential (on the example of NSAIDs, which can be successfully used even in complementary therapy) has not been fully exploited. The aforementioned reports on side effects must not be forgotten. It is possible that the examples presented in the review will raise awareness in order to use these drugs with greater respect, in accordance with the recommendations in the leaflet.
Positive and negative aspects of sauna bathing – current knowledge status
Authors: Sobczyk Mateusz , Oleksa Paulina , Wójcik Piotr , Żuraw Daria , Rogowska Monika , Słaboń Małgorzata
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Sauna bathing as a health-promoting activity has been known to mankind for millennia. Sauna session, which consists of alternate overheating and then rapidly cooling the body, has a beneficial effect on the health of the body confirmed by scientific research. In the last few decades, sauna bathing has become more available due to the growing market of recreational services such as water parks and sauna parks. Regular use of sauna bathing reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, mental stress, accelerates the process of regeneration after physical exertion, as well as increases resistance to the harmful effects of certain environmental factors. Despite the health benefits known for many years, the physiological mechanisms occurring in the body during sauna sessions still remain unknown. Sauna bathing treatments can be an effective complement to the process of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory tract diseases, skin diseases and many others.

Material and methods: A literature analysis on sauna bathing was carried out within the Pubmed and Google scholar platforms. The following keywords were used in search: sauna bathing, infrared sauna, cardiovascular diseases. 

Purpose of the work: The aim of the following analysis is to present a historical outline of the use of sauna bathing, the health aspect, risks and the assumptions and indicating an important need for further research into the effects of sauna bathing on the body.
Aktywność fizyczna społeczeństwa
Authors: Samek Ilona , Jańczyk Magdalena , Milanowska Joanna
Published: September 2021

Wstęp: Aktywność fizyczną definiuje się jako ruch ciała człowieka wykonywany przez mięśnie szkieletowe. Stanowi ona element zdrowego stylu życia i jest związana z celami takimi jak rozwój, zdrowie i dobre samopoczucie. Wykazuje korzystny wpływ na ciało człowieka, jak również jego psychikę.

Cel pracy: Przedstawienie opinii społeczeństwa na temat aktywności fizycznej.

Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono za pomocą autorskiej ankiety. Uzyskano 198 kwestionariuszy a następnie przeanalizowano.

Omówienie wyników: W badaniu wzięli udział kobiety (76,8%) oraz mężczyźni (23,2%). Średni wzrost kobiet wyniósł 169,5 cm, zaś mężczyzn 178,3 cm. Natomiast średnia waga kobiet wynosiła 65,7 kg a mężczyzn 79,2 kg. Z analizy wynika, że codzienną regularną aktywność fizyczną uprawia 61,1% ankietowanych. W odmienny sposób przedstawia się aktywność sezonowa, gdyż jedynie 29,3% badanych ją podejmuje. Najpopularniejszy sport stanowiła jazda na rowerze, którą wybrała blisko 1/3 respondentów. Również popularna była siłownia (29,8%). W sezonie zimowym badani najczęściej jeździli na nartach  (19,7%) i łyżwach (19,2%), zaś latem na rolkach (18,6%). Mężczyźni częściej wybierali aktywności wpływające na dobrą kondycję fizyczną, zaś kobiety wolały ćwiczenia kształtujące sylwetkę. Analiza wykazała również, że dla 34,0% respondentów najważniejszym celem jest zdrowie. Stawiali także na sprawność (24,2%) i sylwetkę (23,2%). Prawie wszyscy badani określali swoją motywację jako wysoką (88,9%) oraz wierzą, że osiągną swój cel aktywności fizycznej (81,8%). 

Wnioski: Dane sugerują, że większość społeczeństwa wie jak ważna jest aktywność fizyczna na co dzień. Rodzaj sportu jest zróżnicowany w zależności od płci, pory roku oraz indywidualnych preferencji. Głównym celem aktywności jest utrzymanie zdrowia.
Physiotherapy of patients with CNS damage as a result of a brain tumor
Authors: Filarecka Agnieszka , Biernacki Maciej , Jęchorek Michał , Leksowski Łukasz
Published: September 2021

Rehabilitation as a process of return to fitness should take place at every stage of the disease. Stimulation to restore lost motor function should take place all day, including when lying in bed or transferring from one position to another. Placement items are an indispensable component of restoring floatation, as well as the element of nursing the patient. By correct arrangement of the patient we affect the stimulatory nervous system. Thanks to the correct arrangement we prevent bone-joint changes, lymphedema and also stimulate the cerebral cortex.
This articule aims to propose the positioning of the patient and his transfers as a passive way of rehabilitation.
Kompleksowa rehabilitacja pacjentki z chrzęstniakomięsakiem po zabiegu alloplastyki poresekcyjnej z rekonstrukcją stawu krzyżowo-biodrowego i tylnej kolumny miednicy za pomocą endoprotezy CustomMade MUTARS w technologii 3D
Authors: Szczypiór-Piasecka Karina , Wrzalik Łukasz , Antczak Krzysztof , Mińko Alicja
Published: September 2021

Wstęp: Mięsaki są grupą nowotworów złośliwych występujących stosunkowo rzadko. Chrzęstniakomięsak (chondrosarcoma) jest nowotworem tkanki łącznej. Najczęściej umiejscawia się w kości udowej i ramiennej, a rzadziej występuje w żebrach i miednicy. Występuje między czwartą a szóstą dekadą życia. Leczenie  wymaga resekcji zmienionej chorobowo tkanki i rekonstrukcji ubytku kostnego. Chemioterapia bądź radioterapia są stosowane jedynie w przypadku dyskwalifikacji z zabiegu operacyjnego. Nieodłącznym elementem postępowania leczniczego jest rehabilitacja, która powinna się rozpocząć już od pierwszej doby po zabiegu operacyjnym. Operacje z użyciem indywidualnego implantu stworzonego w technologii druku 3D są ogromną szansą dla wielu pacjentów, gdyż możliwe jest odtworzenie anatomii pacjenta.

Celem pracy było przedstawienie zindywidualizowanego programu rehabilitacji pacjentki po rekonstrukcji stawu krzyżowo-biodrowego i tylnej kolumny miednicy za pomocą endoprotezy CustomMade MUTARS w technologii 3D uwzględniając najnowsze metody fizjoterapeutyczne. Chora przeszła zabieg operacyjny w Katedrze i Klinice Ortopedii, Traumatologii i Onkologii Narządu Ruchu z powodu chrzęstniakomięsaka  talerza kości biodrowej.

Wnioski:1.Wczesna fizjoterapia znacząco przyspiesza powrót sprawności funkcjonalnej. 2.Nowoczesne metody fizjoterapii takie jak osteopatia i terapia manualna są nieodłącznym elementem kompleksowego leczenia osób po rekonstrukcji kości. 3.Kompleksowa, wczesna fizjoterapia poprawia stan psychofizyczny chorych po leczeniu nowotworów kości.
Education and Alteration. Notes on Personalism, Alterity and Education in Dialogue with Michel de Certeau
Authors: Rovea Federico
Published: September 2021

This article tries to elaborate some insights from Michel de Certeau’s works on personalism, alterity and education. The aim is to add a poorly known voice to the contemporary debate around pedagogy and personalism. De Certeau’s original account of personhood, based on the movement of ‘alteration’ rather than on ‘identity’, is presented as original and useful to enrich the contemporary educational debate. The article firstly analyzes two texts where Certeau deals specifically with the role of alterity in educational contexts. The uncanny and ungraspable movement of ‘alteration’ will be shown as fundamental in the person’s formation. Secondly, it will be argued that such account of alterity is rooted in Certeau’s interpretation of the Christian tradition. Finally, it will be maintained the possibility of conceiving education itself as a process of ‘alteration’.
Wizja dziecka i dzieciństwa w ujęciu pedagogiki personalistycznej
Authors: Matyjas Bożena
Published: September 2021

W artykule przedstawiono wizję dziecka i dzieciństwa w ujęciu pedagogiki współczesnej, a także w oparciu o refleksję filozoficzno-antropologiczną i ontologiczną pedagogiki personalistycznej. Jej podstawę stanowi teoria bytu osobowego (filozoficzna teoria człowieka); w centrum zainteresowań pedagogiki personalistycznej jest zatem osoba/człowiek/dziecko ujmowane jako wartość, której przypisana jest godność, autonomia, niepowtarzalność, integralność, prawa. Koncepcja ta buduje całościową (kompletną) wizję dziecka jako osoby ludzkiej. Dziecko, jego dzieciństwo ujmowane jest jako podmiot/współtwórca własnego rozwoju, wzrastania, doskonalenia się w „człowieczeństwie”, z uwzględnieniem dobra własnego oraz wspólnego/społecznego. W procesie wychowania dziecka kluczową rolę przypisuje się rodzinie jako naturalnemu środowisku jego życia. Pedagogikę personalistyczną potraktowano w niniejszym artykule jako ważny paradygmat badań dziecka i dzieciństwa.
O pojęciu podmiotowości inaczej
Authors: Salamucha Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

Tekst stanowi swoiste pendant do tomu Paedagogia Christiana poświęconego rozwojowi podmiotowości (Religious Education and the Development of Subjectivity 2/44 (2019)). Odróżniam trzy znaczenia terminu „podmiotowość”: 1) specyficznie ludzka, stała i nieutracalna zdolność/dyspozycja/potencjalność; 2) zmienna i dynamiczna aktualizacja tej potencjalności; 3) uprawnienie wynikające z faktu bycia człowiekiem. Wskazuję również na funkcję opisową i aksjonormatywną, którą pełni pojęcie podmiotowości w kontekście edukacji religijnej.
Kamilla Frejusz. Wychowanie jako „dialog i spotkanie” w myśli pedagogicznej Janusza Tarnowskiego. Studium hermeneutyczno-krytyczne. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Collegium Bobolanum, 2020, ss. 424
Authors: Horowski Jarosław
Published: September 2021

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A snapshot of the adverse effects of companion animal ectoparasiticides
Authors: Copland Anna , Elsheikha Hany
Published: September 2021

The burden of ectoparasitic infestations is aggravated by the lack of vaccines and the inability to prevent the most serious vector-borne infections. This makes the administration of effective and safe ectoparasiticide drugs vital for prevention and treatment. However, adverse clinical consequences of treatment with ectoparasiticides affect many companion animals in the UK each year. In this study, information about the frequency of adverse drug events associated with the use of some ectoparasiticides in dogs and cats was collected, from data obtained from The National Office of Animal Health compendium datasheets and data available from published studies. Different ectoparasiticides were associated with different prevalences and types of adverse dermatological, gastrointestinal and neurological events. The heterogeneity between studies and the lack of field safety data for some products precludes head-to-head comparison of adverse events associated with ectoparasiticide treatment between studies. Therefore, caution should be exercised about making any conclusions when comparing ectoparasiticides. However, the data indicated an association between ectoparasiticide treatment and adverse events and demonstrated that this association can vary across different drug administration routes and classes. The low number of observations of the adverse drug events, relative to the number of administered doses, confirms that the health benefits of ectoparasiticides far outweigh the potential risks associated with their use. Further research is required on how adverse drug events can be predicted and prevented.
The impact of COVID-19 on rescue shelters
Authors: Hope Kim
Published: September 2021

Just as the rest of the world has had to adjust to the pressures and challenges of COVID-19, so have animal rescue centres. This article discusses the immediate effect of COVID-19 on rescue shelters in the UK.
High-speed and large-responsivity synchronous-traveling carrier photodetector
Authors: Weifang Yuan , Xiaofeng Duan , Gongqing Li , Ke Li , Yu Li , Kai Liu , Yongqing Huang , Xiaomin Ren
Published: September 2021

A synchronous-traveling carrier photodetector (STC-PD) with a thick absorption region
and large diameter is presented and investigated for 100 Gbps PAM4
applications. In the STC structure, a suitable electric field is
introduced to synchronize the traveling of electrons and
holes, which achieves high bandwidth while maintaining large
responsivity. The characteristics of STC-PD, including
electric field distribution, energy band diagram, responsivity,
junction capacitance, and frequency response, have been studied
carefully.
Learning EPON delay models from data: a machine learning approach
Authors: Hernández José Alberto , Ebrahimzadeh Amin , Maier Martin , Larrabeiti David
Published: September 2021

There have been a large number of studies focused on the characterization of the upstream delay in time-division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM-PONs). However, most of them focus on finding equations for the average delay and ignore other useful metrics like delay percentiles, which are of paramount interest in dimensioning PONs with delay guarantees. This work shows how to learn delay models from data using supervised machine learning (ML) techniques. Essentially, a nonlinear regression ML algorithm is trained with PON simulation data, showing that it can provide accurate equations for such metrics of interest. In particular, we obtain an

R
2

score above 80% under Poisson traffic and above 65% under self-similar traffic, and we provide a general equation for any delay percentile in the upstream channel of a PON employing interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time. We further show its applicability in dimensioning Tactile Internet and 5G transport support scenarios.
TeO2-ZnO-La2O3 tellurite glass purification for mid-infrared optical fibers manufacturing
Authors: Evrard M. , Combes T. , Maldonado A. , Désévédavy F. , Gadret G. , Strutynski C. , Jules J. C. , Brachais C. H. , Smektala F.
Published: September 2021

TeO2-ZnO-La2O3 (TZL) glasses are purified in order to enhance the optical fiber mid-infrared (mid-IR) transmission performances. Halide dehydrating reagents such as ZnF2 and LaF3 are employed and introduced during glass synthesis to capture and remove OH species from the matrix. Thermal, optical, physical and chemical characterizations are performed on bulk samples to determine the impact of the fluoride precursors on glass properties. Single-index optical fibers are then drawn and optical losses are measured in order to characterize their transmission performances with the ZnF2 and LaF3 addition. Finally, large and small core step-index fibers are manufactured with selected compositions, and low loss optical signal wave guiding is observed.
Association between care burden, depression and personality traits in Alzheimer’s caregiver: A pilot study
Authors: Vespa Anna , Spatuzzi Roberta , Fabbietti Paolo , Penna Martina , Giulietti Maria Velia
Published: September 2021

Introduction

In this study correlations between care burden, depression, and personality at intrapsychic level in caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease patients were evaluated.

Materials and methods

Caregivers: n.40. Tests: Social-schedule; CBI; BDI; SASB-Structural-Analysis of Social Behaviours- Form-A- intrapsychic behaviours (8 Cluster); ECOG. Patients:MMSE. Statistical analysis: Chi-squared test; Anova one way F test; Pearson’s R coefficient.

Results

Correlations: CBI-total and NPI(p < .001); CBI-total—ECOG (p = .042); CBI-total—BDI(p< .001); CBI- total-SASB-Cl7(p = .014); SASB-CL8(p<0.000); BDI and SASB-Cl 2 (p = .018), SASB-Cl 3 (p = .004), SASB-Cl7(p < .000), SASB-CL8 (p < .000). High CBI is correlated with high depression, neuropsychiatry symptoms, low cognitive patient’s functions. Caregivers have the following intrapsychic behaviors: poor self-care, poor ability to take care of themselves; they exercise control over themselves and do not consider and/or ignore their basic needs at emotional and physical levels. These intrapsychic behaviours are indicators of depression (SASB Model) and are correlated with high care burden–CBI and high depression-CDQ.

Discussion

Care burden is closely related to the depression and individual personality (intrapsychic experience) of the caregiver. This may reveal a source of strength and may suggest areas of multidimensional and psychotherapeutic interventions.
Artificial Intelligence inspired methods for the allocation of common goods and services
Authors: Samothrakis Spyridon
Published: September 2021

The debate over the optimal way of allocating societal surplus (i.e. products and services) has been raging, in one form or another, practically forever; following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the market has taken the lead vs the public sector to do this. Working within the tradition of Marx, Leontief, Beer and Cockshott, we propose what we deem an automated planning system that aims to operate on unit level (e.g., factories and citizens), rather than on aggregate demand and sectors. We explain why it is both a viable and desirable alternative to current market conditions and position our solution within current societal structures. Our experiments show that it would be trivial to plan for up to 50K industrial goods and 5K final goods in commodity hardware. Our approach bridges the gap between traditional planning methods and modern AI planning, opening up venues for further research.
Neural activation in photosensitive brain regions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after light stimulation
Authors: Eilertsen Mariann , Clokie Benjamin G. J. , Ebbesson Lars O. E. , Tanase Cristina , Migaud Herve , Helvik Jon Vidar
Published: September 2021

Photoreceptive inputs to the teleost brain are perceived as image of the visual world and as photo-modulation of neuroendocrine and neuronal signals. The retina and pineal organ are major receptive organs with projections to various parts of the brain, but in the past decades deep brain photoreceptors have emerged as candidates for photoreceptive inputs, either independent or in combination with projections from light sensory organs. This study aimed to test the effects of narrow bandwidth light using light-emitting diodes technology on brain neural activity through putative opsin stimulation in Atlantic salmon. The expression of c-fos, a known marker of neural activity, was compared in situ between dark-adapted salmon parr and following light stimulation with different wavelengths. c-fos expression increased with duration of light stimulation and the strongest signal was obtained in fish exposed to light for 120 minutes. Distinct and specific brain regions were activated following dark to light stimulation, such as the habenula, suprachiasmatic nucleus, thalamus, and hypothalamus. The c-fos expression was overlapping with photoreceptors expressing melanopsin and/or vertebrate ancient opsin, suggesting a potential direct activation by light. Interestingly in the habenula, a distinct ring of vertebrate ancient opsin and melanopsin expressing cells is overlapping with c-fos expression after neural activation. Salmon exposed to different spectra had neural activation in similar brain regions. The most apparent difference was melanopsin expression in the lateral cells of the lateral tuberal nuclus in the hypothalamus, which appeared to be specifically activated by red light. Light-stimulated neuronal activity in the deep brain was limited to subpopulations of neurons, mainly in regions with neuronal modulation activity, retinal and pineal innervations and known presence of nonvisual photoreceptors. The overlapping expression patterns of c-fos and nonvisual opsins support direct light stimulation of deep brain photoreceptors and the importance of these systems in light induced brain activity.
Mieles y ceras valencianas. Explotación y comercio de recursos naturales desde El Maestrat y Els Ports de Morella durante los siglos XIV y XV
Authors: Aparici Marti Joaquín
Published: September 2021

En las comarcas del Maestrat y Els Ports de Morella (norte del reino de Valencia), durante la Edad Media el sector apícola permitió un mejor aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales de la zona. En ese traspaís rural, que en nuestro caso atañe no sólo a las tierras interiores castellonenses sino también a determinadas áreas limítrofes del antiguo reino de Aragón y del sur de Cataluña, los productos relacionados con la apicultura aprovecharon los flujos de exportación de lanas para, de forma simultánea, inmiscuirse en las redes locales de captación y distribución que conectaban con los tráficos internacionales (Berbería, Francia o Italia). Por ello, de forma paralela, cabe calibrar dentro de lo posible, la repercusión que dicho sector tuvo en la vida cotidiana y en el devenir económico de los habitantes de la zona, quienes podían dedicar parte de su tiempo a las labores del sector apícola en dos vertientes productivas paralelas, como la obtención de miel en calidad de alimento o similares; y su vinculación con el sector manufacturero a través de la posible producción de cirios procedentes de la cera de los panales. Y es que, presentes en los inventarios, testamentos, mandas pías, etc., las abejas, la cera y la miel no sólo fueron elementos que complementaron la economía doméstica y familiar de una zona tradicionalmente considerada ganadera, sino que dicha presencia permite intuir también una cierta consideración en el ideario colectivo.
Instrumental agrícola y fuerza de tracción en la Galicia medieval (siglos IX-XIV). Una primera aproximación
Authors: López Sabatel José Antonio
Published: September 2021

Este estudio pretende rescatar de las fuentes medievales una perspectiva panorámica durante la Alta y Plena Edad Media del utillaje agrícola empleado diariamente por el campesinado gallego. Una línea de investigación en el seno de la Historia Agraria que, desafortunadamente, no ha gozado en estos últimos años de mucho interés por parte de la historiografía. Con el fin de paliar esta circunstancia, se ha procedido a examinar fuentes escritas y materiales para establecer un nexo temporal entre las primeras menciones concernientes al instrumental agrario y sus referencias para el siglo catorce, periodo este a partir del cual las mismas empiezan a ser más abundantes en todos los contextos. Sin embargo, este trabajo ha estado, de algún modo, limitado por la escasez de hallazgos arqueológicos y de representaciones iconográficas. En este punto, se debe subrayar, que la presencia en este artículo de utillaje agrícola se debe exclusivamente a su aparición en los registros documentales. Es por ello que, muchos aperos que debieron ser de empleo recurrente en el campo gallego, han tenido que ser excluidos. De aquellos que, en mayor o menor medida, tuvieron su espacio en las fuentes, se ha procurado determinar su tipología y función, dividiéndolos entre los diseñados para cortar o labrar. El apartado final de este estudio se ha dedicado a la importancia dada al acceso a la fuerza de tracción animal y al arado en la diversificación socioeconómica del campesinado.
Los molinos de mareas en la Bahía de Cádiz a finales de la Edad Media: un caso de estudio de interacción sociedad-medio ambiente
Authors: Martín Gutiérrez Emilio
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se analiza la problemática de los molinos de mareas cuyo patrimonio aún puede contemplarse en muchos lugares de la costa atlántica europea. El estudio de la interacción sociedad-medio ambiente permite abordar el desarrollo de estas edificaciones en diversos ecosistemas del litoral atlántico europeo, por ejemplo, entre los estuarios del Loira y del Gironda y en El Golfo de Cádiz. La función principal de los molinos de marea era transformar el trigo en harina para hacer pan y fue la respuesta dada por la sociedad ante los problemas alimenticios. En efecto, la necesidad de alimentar a un mayor número de personas provocó que se apostase por su edificación y por la utilización de las mareas como fuente de energía. A finales de la Edad Media la construcción de los molinos mareales en la Bahía de Cádiz también estuvo relacionada con el mantenimiento de las explotaciones salineras. El estudio del aprovechamiento de una fuente de energía limpia y sostenible permite profundizar en el análisis de la interacción sociedad-medio ambiente. Actualmente, el estudio de los molinos de marea forma parte de una sólida línea de investigación a partir de la información procedente del registro documental y del arqueológico a finales de la Edad Media.
Los gremios medievales de los agricultores y sus estatutos en las tierras pontificias (siglos XIV y XV)
Authors: Rosati Simone
Published: September 2021

El presente estudio pretende reconstruir la explotación y gestión de los recursos naturales en los territorios pontificios en los siglos XIV y XV. La investigación se llevará a cabo a través del estudio histórico-jurídico de los testimonios dejados por las corporaciones entre los agricultores en los dominios temporales de la Iglesia. Tras describir las peculiaridades gremiales agrícolas medievales y sus estatutos, se examinarán con detalle los cuatro gremios de agricultores que, en el estado actual de la investigación, están presentes en la zona geográfica considerada: Tarquinia, Viterbo, Tuscania y Roma. Las tres primeras corporaciones serán objeto de un estudio común ya que presentan considerables similitudes tanto en contenido como estructura, que permiten suponer una influencia mutua en la redacción de los iura propria. El gremio de Roma, que constituye un unicum en el panorama italiano, será objeto de un estudio específico con el fin de representar sus elementos originales. El examen de las fuentes citadas permitirá comprender no sólo la organización interna de los gremios medievales de los agricultores y el tipo de actividad desarrollada en relación con la gestión de los recursos naturales, sino que también ofrecerá una visión más amplia del sistema de propiedad medieval, de la administración de justicia en las tierras pontificias y de la relación entre ius commune e iura propria.
Campesinos de la sal en el interior de al-Andalus. Las salinas de Guadalajara y Soria entre los siglos VIII al XII
Authors: García-Contreras Ruiz Guillermo
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la organización social del territorio y la distribución de los asentamientos en relación con la gestión y control de los recursos naturales, especialmente la sal, a partir de los lugares donde se produjo su explotación: las salinas. Se proponen una serie de indicios que indican que fue esta una actividad que debemos considerar como agrícola, aunque la naturaleza de su producto sea mineral. El área geográfica objeto de estudio se localiza en el centro de la Península Ibérica, especialmente las zonas norte y este de la provincia de Guadalajara y el sur de la vecina provincia de Soria. En esta área hubo varias salinas de renombre, como Imón, La Olmeda, Riba de Saélices, Armallá o Esteras de Medinaceli entre otras. El marco cronológico abordado va entre los siglos VIII al XII. Desde el punto de vista histórico y cultural estos siglos corresponden al periodo en el que estas tierras fueron parte de la “Marca Media” de al-Andalus, el espacio central de la frontera entre la sociedad andalusí y la sociedad feudal de los reinos cristianos. Por ello se analiza desde la invasión e islamización de esta zona en los siglos VIII al IX, hasta la expansión, conquista y colonización que ocurrió durante los siglos XI al XII.
Crecimiento agrario y crisis/transformación ambiental en la corona de Castilla (siglos XV-XVI)
Authors: Ramos Julián Clemente
Published: September 2021

El crecimiento demográfico fue intenso y sostenido en la corona de Castilla durante los siglos XV y XVI. Las zonas meridionales, tardía e insuficientemente ocupadas, van a alcanzar niveles poblacionales relativamente importantes. Esta nueva realidad tendrá efectos intensos en una economía de carácter extensivo. Una población en aumento va a generar un sensible aumento del terrazgo cerealista y la definitiva agrarización del espacio. Este proceso de antropización afectará de modo sensible a la vegetación natural. El bosque sufre un claro retroceso. Frente a la situación anterior de abundancia se empieza a percibir como un recurso escaso y sobre todo limitado. Las ordenanzas de montes muestran la necesidad de desarrollar una explotación sostenible y regularán estrictamente su aprovechamiento. Estos cambios incidirán de modo sensible sobre la fauna salvaje y la caza. Los grandes herbívoros, necesitados de una abundante cubierta forestal, se verán especialmente afectados. El lobo, ante la reducción de sus fuentes de alimentación, se convertirá en una clara amenaza para la ganadería. La lucha contra este animal, que comienza ahora de modo sistemático, es un indicador de las transformaciones y los desequilibrios ambientales.
Metamorfosi del paesaggio nella pianura fluviale mantovana (secoli VIII-XIII)
Authors: Gardoni Giuseppe
Published: September 2021

Il presente lavoro delinea le metamorfosi che il paesaggio della campagna ha subito nel cuore della Pianura Padana nei secoli VIII-XIII. Viene presa in esame la documentazione edita e inedita riguardante il territorio mantovano e in modo particolare la zona a ridosso del fiume Po. Per seguire i cambiamenti che l’area oggetto d’esame subì nel periodo considerato ci si soffermerà sulla presenza di aziende agrarie grandi e piccole nell’alto medioevo e i successivi interventi volti a ampliare le superfici coltivate. In quei secoli gli uomini, soprattutto per iniziativa soprattutto della Chiesa mantovana e del monastero di San Benedetto Polirone (ma anche il comune cittadino fra XII e XIII secolo favorì la messa a coltura di zone boschive), iniziarono una vera e propria lotta all’incolto con opere di disboscamento e di bonifica delle paludi, attività che qualche volta dovettero essere inutili per la forza delle acque: ciò emerge con evidenza soprattutto relativamente alle terre del monastero di San Benedetto grazie ad alcune lunghe deposizioni rese nel corso di una controversia. Tuttavia al principio del secolo XIII in vari luoghi le terre coltivate avevano preso il posto dei boschi tanto che risultavano essere “ad usum panis reducte”.
Roca Cabau, G. (2020). Pobresa i hospitals a la Lleida baixmedieval. Lleida: Pagès editors. 260 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1303-228-3
Authors: Aparisi Romero Frederic
Published: September 2021

Resenya: Roca Cabau, G. (2020). Pobresa i hospitals a la Lleida baixmedieval. Lleida: Pagès editors. 260 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1303-228-3.
Escartí, V. J. y Roca Ricart, R. (2021). En los márgenes de la Historia: marginales y minorías. Saragossa: Libros Pórtico. 305 pp. ISBN: 978-84-7956-208-3
Authors: Sanchis Mollà Héctor
Published: September 2021

Resenya: Escartí, V. J. y Roca Ricart, R. (2021). En los márgenes de la Historia: marginales y minorías. Saragossa: Libros Pórtico. 305 pp. ISBN: 978-84-7956-208-3.
A magyar közszolgáltatások stratégiai problémái
Authors: Pásztor Miklós
Published: September 2021

A magyar közigazgatási és közszolgáltatási rendszer modernizálása halaszthatatlan. A közintézmények vezetőinek új, de a piaci életben már megszokott fogalmakkal és vezetői módszerekkel kell megismerkedniük. Ehhez ad segítséget a szerző a dolgozatában bemutatott elemzésével.
Leading citizen-driven governance : Collective regional and sub-regional leadership in the UK
Authors: Liddle Joyce
Published: September 2021

Globally there are many innovative, citizen driven initiatives at grass roots level which are aimed at invigorating local politics and improving public service provision (www.oneworldaction.org/indepth/project. jsp?project.209). There has also been recognition that civil society rather than public bureaucracies are capable of providing public services and satisfying social needs. Devolving leader ship and innovation from bureaucrats to grassroots individuals willing to create and lead projects or organisations to solve social problems and fulfil public purposes is becoming a key feature in many states (Van Ryzin, Burgrud and Di Padova, 31st May, 2007). Indeed the Sloan Foundation in the US since 1997, at least , has sponsored numerous citizen driven projects to foster interactions between citizens, municipal managers and elected officials to assess and improve their own communities ... There are examples worldwide of strategic plans being developed by citizens driving the systems to achieve desired results, by performance reporting of council municipalities and service contractors and making them more accountable for service provision (Epstein and Fass Associates, New Jersey, 2007).
Avances y desafios en la clasificacion de imagenes provenientes de las camaras de vigilancia volcanica.
Authors: Ospina Caicedo Carlos Alberto , Narvaez Zúñiga Andrés
Published: September 2021

El monitoreo volcánico exige oportunidad en el análisis de la información para lograr un acertado diagnóstico, sin embargo, se cuenta con un volumen considerable y una heterogeneidad de datos que pueden volver insostenible su manejo e interpretación para tomar decisiones en momentos de crisis volcánica.

Actualmente, el Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC) cuenta con 30 cámaras para la vigilancia volcánica instaladas en 24 volcanes activos, transmitiendo imágenes cada minuto o cada 5 minutos alcanzando ~40.000 imágenes por día (14.6 millones por año). Extraer la mayor cantidad de información posible de estas imágenes y hacerlo de forma organizada nos posibilita una mayor oportunidad y certeza frente a un eventual cambio o escenario en la actividad volcánica.

Adicionalmente hay otras razones que dificultan el proceso de organización de estas imágenes como son:

La complejidad de los fenómenos volcánicos estudiados.

La apropiación social de los conceptos sobre el fenómeno y cómo éstos se aplican al reconocimiento y clasificación de imágenes.

Las limitaciones intrínsecas de las imágenes.

En este trabajo se presentan los avances obtenidos a la fecha en el desarrollo e implementación de la herramienta software llamada VolCAM, utilizada dentro del monitoreo e investigación volcánica para la clasificación, procesamiento, análisis de imágenes y descarga de contenido. Además, se introducen los desafíos a los que se enfrentan los investigadores, dentro del procesamiento ulterior de la actividad superficial, para el diagnóstico y evaluación de la actividad volcánica, así como para la apropiación social del conocimiento geocientífico, dentro y fuera de la institución.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: August 2021
Authors: Shafi Mehnaz A.
Published: September 2021

Article Title: Antispasmodics for Chronic Abdominal Pain: Analysis of North American Treatment Options