bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Concerning the Influence of Municipal Sluge from the Water Treatment Station „Tetarom III” Cluj-Napoca Upon The Production of Dry Matter at Alfalfa
Authors: PINTEA Iancu , VIDICAN Roxana , ROTAR Ioan , PĂCURAR Florin
Published: December 2021

The goal of this study is to evaluate the possibilities to use the municipal sluge as a fertilizer in agriculture, especially upon alfalfa crop, with a very complex and precise methodology, in the conditions of assuring environment protection and human health integrity. Neutralizing city mud with the help of soil, considered a biological treatment station for water is one of the most important perspectives to protect the environment together with an increase of agricol production. In the new socio economical structures of Romania, the natural fertilizer is to be found less and less due to the decrease of the animal number, and also due to the way of their breeding, and the replacement of natural fertilizer with mud from the used water treatment, it is an alternative to use due to the sure advantages of the fertilized mud appliance. The effect of fertilization with municipal sluge upon the crop of alfalfa was studied within an experiment with eight variants in which there were applied different doses of city mud and natural fertilizer. Due to the appliance of municipal sluge it can be seen an increase of the content of dry matter compared to the control variant (with no fertilizers).
Causal Relationships Between Fertilizers and Yield for Winter Wheat
Authors: SALA Florin , BOLDEA Marius , RADULOV Isidora , CRISTA Florin , BERBECEA Adina
Published: December 2021

The interdependence between the doses of fertilizers and the yield for winter wheat was assessed with the help of certain quantitative indicators and correlation indicators: production level, production increase per fertilization intervals, correlation coefficient, influence coefficients and capitalization of fertilizers. Nitrogen ensures wheat yields within the limits of 2562.56 – 4070.44 kg/ha, with a production increase between 508.12 and 2016 kg. The nutrients with phosphorus and potassium bring about production increase from 77.87 to 1289.48 kg by singular action or in association with nitrogen. Balanced fertilization ensures, by the synergic effect of the nutrients, a production increase between 493.61 and 2930.31 kg. At the same time, the influence coefficients of nitrogen fertilizers increase from 1.21 to 1.51, in correlation with PK. The degree of correlation of variables fertilizers – yield is high, the values R2 varying from 0.902 to 0.977.
Biofuels Aspects in Romania
Authors: SCRIDON Simion , SOCACIU Carmen , SANA Sonia
Published: December 2021

Presently, in Romania, the cultivated area with plants for biofuel production represents 1,6% of the arable surface of the country, about 150 000 ha (in 2008). With an adequate promotion of the production technologies and usage of biofuel, at farm level, Romania could cover up to 8 % of the European need.

Although there is an arable potential, and also there are the crops suitable for it (rape, soybean, sunflower, corn) Romania produces much less under the energetic potential it has.

Regarding the future of biofuel there are investments in the domain, in the phase of project.
Influence of Conservative and Conventional Soil Technologies on Physical, Chemical and Biolocical Properties of an Argic Chernozem Belong to Caracal Area
Authors: STROE Venera Mihaela , CALCIU Irina , STANCIU BURILEANU Monica , PARVAN Lavinia
Published: December 2021

Continuous use of traditional tillage system (conventional) resulted in a gradual harvest increase, but gave rise to some worrying negative phenomenon regarding the most important supply of the agricultural production - soil, by its chemical and physical degradation.This paper aims to assess soil degradation processes, based on pedo-transfer rules and is based on of expeditionary studies regarding assessment and characterization of soil fertility, under the practice of various farming systems: conventional tillage and minimum tillage.

The study carried out the effects of moderat conservative tillage on physical and chemical soil properties comparative with conventional soil technology on an argic chernozem, belongs to the agricultural Caracal area. Agricultural area is affected by a relatively high variability of the limiting factors and soil degradation processes, which require adaptation of technology systems to protection of soil and plants. Because of all limiting factors, natural and antropic, in this expeditionary study we compare the moderat conservative tillage effects, with conventional technology effects and impact of those both soil technology, on physical, chemical and biological properties.

Results of study show the potential depth of aeration conditions are moderately favorable, being determined particularly by intense state of compactness of the soil as a natural consequence of it.

Macroporosity decrease in depth, has negative consequences not only on the normal performance of the processes of aeration, and water penetration and infiltration, but for the accumulation of water available for plants. Content of structural microagregates water-stable or soil dispersion is high, which shows that the formation of structural macroagregates occurred more mechanical factors such as compaction or natural processes. The numerical values of the degree of compaction of 15-20 cm in depth up to the 15-18% v / v in both phases of observation. Deep compaction is undoubtedly due to the technological system applied to the greatest extent, and only a small part pedogenetical natural factors.
Influence of Different Amendments on the Dynamics of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Free in Chernozem Soil of Dobrogea
Authors: DELCĂ Elena , PASCU Tatiana
Published: December 2021

The paper presents preliminary data on the abundance dynamics of nitrogen fixing bacteria-free cultivation, the effect of administration of anorganic organic amendments were. Based on 7 experimental variants of cultivation was found that the total number of nitrogen fixing bacteria-free cultivation (cyanobacteria and Azotobacter species) ranged between: 39.58x105CFU/g soil in October (V6) and 326.78x105CFU/g soil in May (V3). When soil was supplemented with manure microbial density showed a significant increase 326.78x105CFU/g dry soil compared with control variant 74.17x105CFU/g soil. Inorganic fertilizers did not have a positive effect on microbial density values, being more or less similar to those reported for the control. Bacterial density increased significantly as value, too, following the administration of specific biofertilizers (Biovin, Bactofil Professional; Mycos Green), up to (V6) 319.81x105CFU/g dry soil in May.
The Chemical Control of Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Larvae in 2008-2010
Authors: FLORIAN Teodora , OLTEAN Ion , BUNESCU Horia , BODIŞ Ilonka , TODORAN Camelia Firuta , FLORIAN Constantin Vasile
Published: December 2021

In the experimental period, the larvae attack symptoms were manifested by the appearance of "goose neck", in control plot, the attack frequency being about 15.46% in 2008, 25.33% in 2009 and 26.88% in 2010. Of the four products used in preventing and fighting Diabrotica virgifera virgifera larvae species, we obtained best results with products applied to the seed.
The Agrochemical Evolution of the Typical Preluvosoil Through Differentiated Fertilization on the Apple in the Reghin Area
Authors: MARGHITAS Marilena , RUSU Mihai , TOADER Constantin , MIHAI Mihaela , MOLDOVAN Lavinia
Published: December 2021

The cultivated apple represents the fruit-tree species that occupies one of the first places as production in world fruit-tree growing, due to the paramount part that they play for human nutrition, both as fresh fruit and different processed products.
Macrolepidoptera (Insecta: Lepidoptera) Indicator of Climate Changes
Authors: MOISE Cristina
Published: December 2021

Lately, it has become increasingly clear that global warming has a significant impact on a broad range of organisms, regardless of their ecological and geographical spread. Temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors that determine the spatiotemporal dynamics of structural and functional parameters of populations of Lepidoptera and influencing production and survival of these species of insects in nature. Climate warming has the potential to affect some processes related to the ecology and life cycle of the butterfly, especially directly controlled temperature, such as: gathering the required temperature for a species to reach reproductive maturity, growth initiation and cessation of growth (both processes are conditioned by certain values of temperature, constant for each species). Duration of embryonic development, characteristic of each species, is much influenced by temperature. The development postembryonal is strongly influenced by biotic factors (food), and by the abiotic (temperature, humidity). Temperature variation affects the mobility and life cycle of the butterfly, the effects on metabolic rate (McMillan et. all., 2005). It is believed that Lepidoptera are among the organisms most affected by global warming, which significantly influences their development cycle, reproduction and even survival. Moreover, generations of Lepidoptera are short and reproductive rates are high, so they are likely to respond more quickly to climate change, compared with bodies which have a long cycle life such as plants and vertebrates.
The Field Behavior of Some Fodder Crops Cultivars
Authors: POPESCU Catalin Viorel , BORA Constantin , ONCICA Fraga , URECHIAN Viorica
Published: December 2021

At the Agricultural Research and Development Station Simnic – Craiova, in a trial between 2007 and 2010, the yields of some fodder crops – alfalfa and ryegrass were determined (green fodder yield - G.M. and dry fodder yield - D.M for both alfalfa and ryegrass crops).
Research on the Cultivation of Artichokes (Cynara Scolymus L.) in Various Conditions of Fertilization in the Jucu, Cluj
Authors: VAIDA Simona , DUDA Marcel , VÂRBAN Dan , MUNTEAN Sorin
Published: December 2021

In this paper we present results of the research made between 2008-2010 on the influence of cultivation, density and fertilization on the plant’s morphology and leaf production.

Experiences had been located in the experimental field of Jucu, CJ. We took four cultivation of artichokes in the study: “Unirea”, “Violet”, “Agrosel 656” and “Chişinău”. They were placed in the experimental field of Jucu - Cluj, made in two densities (3.57 pl/sqm and 2.38 pl/sqm) and three levels of fertilization (unfertilized, fertilized with 20 t/ha farmyard manure and 40 t/ha manure in the fall plowing).
Researches Regarding the Vegetation of Surdesti Village, Maramures Country
Authors: VOSGAN Zorica , VIDICAN Roxana , MARIAN Monica , MIHALESCU Lucia , JELEA Stela , MARE ROSCA Oana
Published: December 2021

This study aims to investigate and identify plant species on the village common grazing Surdesti, located at 760 m altitude in the foothills south west of Gutai Mountains in northwestern Romania. Green growth of plants and animals is the main activity of the inhabitants of this area and food production is made using environmentally friendly technologies and natural life cycle of the ecosystem. It is important to know the
Determination of Cellulose, NDF, ADF and Lignin Content Using Non-Destructive Method (FT-NIR Spectrometry) in Hay from Apuseni Mountains
Authors: DALE Laura , ROTAR Ioan , PACURAR Florin , BOGDAN Anca , THEWIS André , FERNÁNDEZ PIERNA Juan Antonio , LECLER Bernard , BAETEN Vincent
Published: December 2021

The nutritive value of forages is variable and because of this are made different tests in chemical composition. The objectives of study are to build calibration model for direct, non-destructive analysis of crude cellulose, NDF, ADF and lignin contents based on FT-NIR spectroscopy. The samples for analysis were collected in 2010 from field trials, Apuseni Mountains, Gârda Area. In order to construct the model, references values are needed, for this reason thecrude cellulose, NDF; ADF and lignin content was determined using the classical Fibertec FiberCap system (FOSS Tecator). The values for crude cellulose ranged from 20,13% to 32,86%, the values for NDF content ranged from 32,67% to 59,40%, the values for ADF content ranged from 28,29% to 42,91%, the values for lignin content ranged from 4,74% to 11,15% in the dry matter basis. The regression models build was based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) calculated with the Modified PLS algorithm, using different pre-processing techniques and leave-one-out cross validation, under ISI Monitor v.1.50e. First time was validating the results using the calibration of the CRA-W, to see if classical methods used give good results. Because the samples contain Arnica montana (known like „leopard herb” or „tobacco montana”) the calibration model contain tropical herbs. The robustness of the model was confirmed by applying it to independent samples (external validation) where the SEP for crude celluloses is 1.2, for NDF content is 2.0, for ADF content is 2.4, for lignin content is 2.3. The results obtained indicated that NIRS can be used to determine crude cellulose, NDF, ADF and lignin content, which could be used as a criterion for quality control of mountain hays.
Nitrate Trends During the Seasons on Bahlui River and its Tributaries in Build-Up Area of Iasi City
Authors: OIŞTE Ana Maria , Gabriela Iuliana
Published: December 2021

Nitrates are natural components of the surface water, the amounts in surface waters is very important, usually being insignificant, but in urban area and along agricultural areas situated inside the river basin, their concentration is increased, being non-point sources and point sources located in the city. The nitrate concentrations is influenced both by the seasonal changes of rainfall and temperature as well as by land-use transformations, the variation being closely related to them.

This paper presents the nitrate trends during seasons, the samples was taken in December, April and June from 76 points, the influence of the season characteristics being obvious. Obtained data indicates an upward trend, so that nitrate concentrations increase from December to June, higher values registered on tributaries of Bahlui river, caused by of the land-use, smaller flow and seasons variation of other physic-chemical parameters, otherwise the synergistic action of the natural and anthropic sources and parameters.

Arc GIS software was used for illustrate the results followed by a statistics software were used to establish some correlations based on multivariate analysis. The analysis shows that non-point and anthropic sources of nitrates, influence nitrate regime during the succession of the seasons, nitrate levels almost doubled in surface water, or even higher in Bahlui river and its tributaries.
Renewable Energy from the Sun And Recent Progress of Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: NICULESCU Violeta , ANGHEL Mihai , STEFANESCU Ioan
Published: December 2021

Solar energy can provide a clean, reliable, renewable source of electric power. However, the present increasing cost of silicon requires that we find a more efficient means of utilising available silicon resources
Polychlorinated Biphenyls Concentration in Soil Samples from Pasture Areas
Authors: CHELEMAN Rowena Ana , TOFANA Maria , POPESCU Raluca , SALANŢĂ Liana Claudia , TRUTA Delia
Published: December 2021

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) banned under the Stockholm Convention. Because soil represents an important reservoir for PCBs in the terrestrial environment it is important to monitor the levels of the contaminants deposited to the surface soil, especially in the case of sensitive areas. Six indicator and 11 dioxin-like PCBs were analyzed in surface soil from two counties in Transylvania region, Romania. For the identification and quantification of these contaminants the method used followed the Romanian standard SR ISO 10382/2007. Concentrations of indicator PCBs in the two sites were 1.19 ng/g dw in soil samples from S1 and 4.05 ng/g dw in soil samples from S2. Regarding dioxin-like PCBs concentrations in the two sites the TEQ values were 0.03 and 0.01 ng TEQ/g dw. Levels of PCBs varied between and within sites. Concentrations of PCBs obtained in this study are comparable with other PCBs levels from Romanian regions.
Comparative Data Regarding the Grapes Maturation Evolution at Feteasca Regala, Chardonnay and Pinot Noir Varieties During 2008-2010, in the Jidvei Vineyard
Authors: CHIRCU Carmen , MUSTE Sevastiţa , BIROU Ana Maria , MAN Simona
Published: December 2021

The Târnave vineyard is special from the south vineyards. It includes the wines plantations from the Tarnave, Mures and Secas. The region relief is very troubled, with hills whose altitudes varies between 175 m and 544 m. The maturation as an evolutive phase is a physiological process , genetically coordinated which is characterized by morphoanathomic and chemical complex changes chimică.Physiology research undertaken (Rhodes 1980, Champagnol 1984, Fregoni 1998, Burzo 1998,) bring to attention of specialists two notions: maturation and senescence. On this line the maturation represents the physio-biochemical process by which the grapes made their quality of size, color, taste, flavor, etc., and senescence is the decline process in which essential irreversible take place that lead to damage cell ultra structure, to degradation processes, to cell death and obviously the gradual loss of quality characteristics.
Mathematical Aspects of Using Electrostatic Filters in Food Industry
Authors: MUNTEAN Mircea Valentin , DROCAS Ioan , MARIAN Ovidiu , BARBIERU V , TOPAN C.
Published: December 2021

Purifying processes on gas or liquid streams are often required to treat such large volumes of fluid. Particles in air suspension will range downwards from 100 m. Down to 20 m they will be visible to naked eye, while on down to 0,1...0,2 m they can be observed with a conventional microscope. Electrostatic filters are used in food industry to purify pollute emission and climate the precincts. Characteristic of electrostatic separate operation is: efficiency, level of filtration needed, dust storage capability, cost effectiveness, temperature of suspension, velocities in still air.
The Role of Water On Structure Formation to Extrusion of Corn Starch Based Plastic Foams
Authors: NAGY Elena Mihaela , TOMOAIA-COTIŞEL Maria , FENEŞAN Maria , COŢA Constantin , FODOREAN Gabriel , CIOICA Nicolae
Published: December 2021

Foaming extrusion has been used to produce loose-fill starch-based packaging materials, in a similar way to the production of extruded expanded snack foods. Native starches are non-plastic due to the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups in starch molecules, which represent their crystallinity. Thermal processing is used to disrupt and transform the semi-crystalline structure of starch granules to form a homogeneous and amorphous material. This transformation is usually accomplished using small amounts of molecular substances commonly known as gelatinization agents or plasticizers. This paper presents some results obtained during researches conducted in order to obtain a biodegradable starch-based loose-fill by thermoplastic extrusion, when using in different ratios between starch and plasticizers in the formula. Increasing the levels of water in the formula leads to lower viscosity value of the mixture and changing structure of the finished product.
The Influence of The Degree of Grinding to Obtain of Some Fermented Mashes Based on Whole Wheat and Husked Millet
Authors: PACALA Mariana , BRUDIU Lucica , GASPAR Eniko , LENGYEL Ecaterina , OPREAN Letitia
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article was to study the influence of degree of milling whole wheat (was ground in 4 variants of grain) and husked millet (was finely ground) to obtain fermented mashes type Braga. There have been 4 mashes of grist of whole wheat, grist husked millet, hop pellets and water and were boiled under continuous stirring and then cooled. Their content has diluted with water and then strainer by pressed through a sieve. Each mash-filtrate has divided in two and added white sugar 7%, resulting two series of sweet mashes. One has inoculated with a mixed culture of yeast and lactic bacteria and the other only with yeast culture. After fermentation were analyzed fermented mashes (pH, volatile and total acidity, total and soluble dry substances, dynamic viscosity, alcohol concentration, number of yeast and bacteria cells (UFC/mL). All determinations have made in triplicate. For both series of fermented mashes observed an increase in viscosity for increasing grain particles of grist. Increased viscosity was higher when using only inoculums of yeast culture. pH values for both series of mashes varied in opposite directions. Towards lower pH's initial pH was significant for the series of mashes fermented with mixed cultivation of microorganisms. Are balanced values of alcoholic strength of fermented mashes at 25°C for 40 h. Very small inoculums of yeast ensures appropriate alcohol concentration, but not a total acidity that provides drinking fermented sour-sweet character type specific Braga. According to the ingredients used and method of obtaining of fermented mashes recommended wheat grain milling at 0.3 and/or 0.4 mm for a positive sensory evaluation.
Overview of the EU Legislation on Novel Foods and Novel Food Ingredients
Authors: SEMENIUC Cristina Anamaria , ROTAR Mihaela Ancuţa , SUHAROSCHI Ramona , TOFANA Maria , MUSTE Sevastiţa
Published: December 2021

This review aims to provide an overview of the current European Union (EU) legislation on novel foods and novel foods ingredients. A brief presentation of Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 1997 concerning novel foods and novel food ingredients was attempted: the scope of the Regulation-the foodstuffs that apply/not apply of this Regulation-, the conditions for marketing, the application procedure and the labelling requirements.
Microbiological Researches of the Curd and the Pressed Cheese from Cow’s Milk During Processing
Authors: TIBULCA Dorin , JIMBOREAN Mirela Anamaria , SALAGEAN Claudiu Dan , STEŢCA Gheorghe
Published: December 2021

The main purpose of these researches is to study the variation of microbiological parameters in curd processing in cheeses with scalded paste. The pressed cheeses are obtained by scalding the ripening curd at 72-74 ° C for 50-60 sec. [2, 3]. The temperatures used for milk pasteurization and for curd scalding reduce contamination of milk and curd used in pressed cheese manufacturing. The further evolution of these microorganisms during the pressed cheese ripening is quite interesting.

Microbiological analysis of cheeses is an important step in controlling cheeses production in order to assure quality, reproducibility and brand identity [2].
Comparison of the Deboning Yields of Two Genetic Lines of Pigs
Authors: ABRAHAM-BARNA Tiberiu
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to drive the decision of breeding a certain genetic line of pigs in the scope of obtaining better results of the deboning yields in an integrated business model, as long as specific data from independent sources are not available. A pig integrator company is breeding under identical conditions of environment, farming and feeding two different genetic lines of pigs. Integrated businesses are operating under the return value of the final product, thus, in this case, value of the main deboning products has to be considered. During the experiment, separate deboning shifts have been organized for the two genetic lines, under the same conditions, using the same deboning methods and calculations for the yields. Results have been compared to the standard yield obtained in a regular deboning day that considers both genetic lines, as well as purchased pigs of uncertain origin. For genetic line A results were : - 3,79 for ham, -4,85 for belly, -6,3 for loin and -0,32 for shoulder cut down to the most expensive sold element; as while for line B the results were – 0,19 for ham, + 1,74 for belly, -1,8 for loin and -2,22 for shoulder cut down to the most expensive sold element. The conclusion is that genetic line B is more suitable for an integrated pig business, as yields of the expensive elements; such as loins and hams are significantly better.
Low Α, Β – Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds as a Food Risk Factor in Thermal Processing of Grapeseed Oil
Authors: JIANU Calin , COCAN Ileana , SARPE Mihaela , TRASCĂ T. , MITCĂ Corina , NEGREA Monica , BUJANCĂ G. , JIANU I.
Published: December 2021

Low α,β – unsaturated carbonyl compounds (LUCC) (2-propenal, crotonaldehyde) and other similar structures highly reactive organic chemicals is ubiquitously present in (cooked) foods and in the environment. Chemical reactions responsible for release of acrolein (ACR) include heat-induced dehydration of glycerol, retro-aldol cleavage of dehydrated carbohydrates, lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Strecker degradation of methionine and threonine. Thermal processing (managing or aggressive non-monitored) of grapeseeds oil can become a food-risk factor.
Researches on Nitrates and Nitrites Content in Raw Milk
Authors: JIMBOREAN Mirela Anamaria , TIBULCA Dorin , PAUCEAN Adriana
Published: December 2021

Nitrates and nitrites from milk may have different origins. The water polluted with nitrates and nitrites can get into milk especially during the cleaning operations of equipment and vessels. The main source of water contamination is the ammonium nitrate used as basic fertilizer in agriculture. A second important contamination source of milk with nitrates and nitrites may be the nitric acid used to remove „the milk stone” from the plate pasteurizers when using this substance is made recklessly. The most dangerous contamination is achieved when the ammonium nitrate is added directly to milk for purpose of falsification.
Effect of Storage Conditions on Sensorial Characteristics of a Kefir-Type Formula Containing Brewer’s Yeast During Shelf-Life
Authors: PAUCEAN Adriana , MUDURA Elena , JIMBOREAN Mirela Anamaria , MAN Simona
Published: December 2021

A kefir-type formula containing brewer’s yeast was manufactured in the Pilot station of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania by inoculating 1.8% skimmed, pasteurized cow milk with an optimized innoculum of lactobacilli, kefir and brewer’s yeasts, as we have describe in our previous research paper (Păucean et al.,2010).In order to assess the effect of storage conditions during product shelf-life (1-21 days), we considered three storage conditions as affecting the sensorial characteristics of the studied product: freezing at (-10°C), refrigeration at 0-4°C and storage at room temperature 21-32°C.
Measurement of Malondialdehyde in Fermented Dairy
Authors: SEMENIUC Cristina Anamaria , LAZAR Carmen Rodica , ROTAR Ancuţa Mihaela , SUHAROSCHI Ramona , MUSTE Sevastiţa
Published: December 2021

A modified method of Tarladgis et al. (1962) and Witte et al. (1970) has been developed for quantitative determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) in fermented dairy. MDA was reacted with 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) in the presence of tricloracetic acid (TCA). The TBA-MDA adduct was quantitated spectrophotometric (Shimadzu UV/Vis double beam spectrophotometer, model 1700). The UV/Vis detector was set at 532 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.186-3.724 nM/mL. The five different levels of calibration standards were prepared using 1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane (TEP), the precursor of malondialdehyde.
Study of The Pork Meat, Soybeans and Apple Proteins Profile
Authors: SUHAROSCHI Ramona , MURESAN Carmen , MOLDOVAN Ana , PETRUT Raul , LAZAR Mihaela , SEMENIUC Cristina Anamaria , ROTAR Ancuta Mihaela , LASLO Cornel , PAMFIL Doru
Published: December 2021

Electrophoresis is a powerful and reliable technique to separate proteins based on charge and molecular weight. Its importance is highlighted by the proteomics importance in functional genomics.
Selected New Machines in Seed Sector
Authors: SZPAKOWSKA Magdalena , HOÅUBOWICZ Roman
Published: December 2021

In 2006, the total value of the seed sector in the world exceeded 50 billion USD. Seed value of commercial transactions increased during the period of 1970-2006 five times. This part of the economy, because of participation in food production, has always played an important role in the world. According to the International Seed Federation (ISF), three key countries in the world seed industry in 2011 were the U.S., China and France. This increasing speed of the development the seed sector and the growing competition in the market, made seed companies to undertake activities to improve the quality of offered seed material. Harvesting, drying and cleaning of seeds is the second, after breeding, most labour consuming stage in seed production. It significantly affects the final quality of seeds. Due to high competition on market one of the ways to compit is to lower cost when keeping the same quality. It could be reached by using new machines to process seeds. The paper gives examples of some of them. Based on the materials collected in 2011 in selected seed companies in Italy and France, some new or already known but modified, machines were presented. These are: combine to collect seeds of the cucurbit plants, spiral separator in sets, belt machine with across direction of the belt, electromagnetic separator, multichannel photocell separator, pressure machine for unthreshed dry fruit, robot to pack seed bags on a palette. The progress in this area consists on either creating a new machine, enlarging the use of already existing machine, increasing their effectives through using new materials or their other arrangement on the working place.
Leguminous Forage Crops in Sustainable Cattle Husbandry
Authors: DE VLIEGHER Alex DE VLIEGHER , ROTAR Ioan , VIDICAN Roxana VIDICAN , CARLIER Lucien
Published: December 2021

Within Europe, half the annual requirement for feed is provided by grass. However, although the EU is a net exporter of feed grain it is a substantial importer of protein and non grain feed ingredients. For several economical and ecological reasons there is a renewed interest to grow forage legumes and the European Union strengthen the role of protein-rich crops, by providing a supplementary payment for farmers producing these crops. In order to develop sustainable, legumebased live stock production systems, we need to understand the complex relationships that exist between herbivores and the plants they consume. To increase farmers confidence in the use of forage legumes, it is necessary to have more reliable establishment techniques and to reduce the variability in legume contribution within and between years, particularly for legumes in mixed swards.
“imagem repensada interminavelmente”
Authors: Fontes Filho Osvaldo
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tece alguns comentários em torno do modo como o historiador e filósofo Georges Didi-Huberman analisa, em seu livro Imagens apesar de tudo, a crítica visual das imagens da história. Assumida pelo autor como “o olho da história”, a imagem possui uma tenaz vocação para tornar visível. Contudo, admite o autor, há documentos visuais da história que só podem ser restituídos de modo lacunar. Este estudo objetiva mostrar alguns argumentos pelos quais Didi-Huberman preconiza para o historiador uma política da imaginação, sucedâneo metodológico a toda investida na legibilidade plena e absoluta de uma “imagem autêntica do passado”. Ao fazê-lo, entendemos observar algumas facetas (filosófico-antropológicas) de uma proposta de resgate historiográfico junto às intermitências e opacidades de um olhar implicado pela imagem entendida como uma interminável “necessidade lacunar”.
Growth curve model for analyzing the effects of Calcium foliar feed on the wilting rate of post-harvest rose flowers
Authors: Dushimirimana Justine , Muhinyuza Stanislas , Nzabanita Joseph
Published: December 2021

Cut rose flowers contribute to the economy and development of the export markets for several developing countries. Despite this contribution, profitable production of rose flowers is limited by wilting which leads to lower production. This paper aims to investigate the effects of Calcium foliar feed on the wilting rate of post-harvest rose flowers using the Growth Curve Model. This method was applied to the data consisting of wilting scores on five treatment groups. The Likelihood ratio test was used to test the growth curve and the equality of the growth curves in all groups. Results revealed that the expected growth curves for all groups followed different quadratic functions. The results also revealed that the wilting rate increased with the increase of calcium concentration compared to the control. This leads to a useful model for policy-makers or further analyses.
Peyzaj Metrikleri Kullanılarak Kentlerin Mekânsal Özelliklerinin Ölçülmesi; Malatya Kenti
Authors: CENGİZ Serhat , GÜNAYDIN Ahmet Salih
Published: December 2021

Son yıllarda kentlere meydana gelen ekonomik büyüme, nüfus artışı ve hızlı kentleşme, kentlerin mekânsal formundaki büyük değişimler kentsel sürdürülebilirlik için önemli zorluklar meydana getirmiştir. Bu zorluklarla başa çıkmak ve kentleşmeyi yönetebilmek için, belirli tarihsel, coğrafi, sosyal, kültürel ve ekolojik faktörler ile temel mekânsal özellikleri anlamak, kentsel planlama ve tasarımda bilimsel bir girdiye ihtiyaç duyması nedeniyle oldukça önemlidir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, farklı açılardan şehirleri ele alan mekân dizim analizi ile peyzaj metrikleri yöntemlerinin karşılaştırması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Her iki tekniğin davranış temelli olması aralarındaki korelasyon olabileceği varsayımına dayanarak, bu çalışmada, iki teknik arasındaki korelasyonun araştırılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu hedef doğrultusunda çalışmada öncelikle Malatya kentinin ana kentsel çekirdeği belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen sınırlar içerisinde öncelikle peyzaj metrik analizleri yapılmıştır. Daha sonraki aşamada ise belirlenen kentsel çekirdek sınırları içerisinde mekân dizim analizleri yapılarak çalışma alanın mekânsal özellikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda matematiksel ekoloji için nicel bilgiler üreterek ekosistemin ya da peyzajın dinamik yapısının anlaşılmasında kullanılan peyzaj metriklerinin ölçümlerin kentsel sistemlerin değerlendirilmesinde de kullanılabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.
Relationship between external weather conditions and number of hibernating bats in two caves in the western Italian Alps
Authors: Toffoli Roberto
Published: December 2021

Weather conditions can influence the hibernation behaviour of temperate cave-dwelling bats that are tolerant to low temperatures, and their number can be correlated with weather variables. In this work a first assessment on the correlation between the number of individuals of three species of hibernating bats (Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis emarginatus and Rhinolophus hipposideros) and the environmental weather conditions before the survey was carried out is provided for two hibernacula of the Italian Western Alps.

For the B. barbastellus, a significant inverse correlation was observed between the number of bats detected and the average daily temperature for thirty days preceding the count (p= 0.036) and ten days before counting (p= 0.036). A significant positive correlation was observed for M. emarginatus between the number of individuals and the average daily temperatures for thirty days preceding the count (p= 0.018). For R. hipposideros, a significant inverse correlation was observed with the average daily temperatures for the ten days before the count (p= 0.048) and the differences in the maximum and minimum temperature of the ten days preceding the count (p= 0.002).

Results of this study show how the ambient temperatures before a count can influence the number of bats present in hibernacula. This confirms how the abundance of bats at underground hibernating sites can be used as an indicator of climate change, as temperature is an important factor controlling hibernation, although  further studies are needed in order to better evaluate how the climatic variables interact with each other in regulating the number of bats in the hibernacula.
Walkability evaluation sourounding university campus
Authors: Pires Bruna Cristina , Magagnin Renata Cardoso
Published: December 2021

The pedestrian space should encourage walking and offer safety and comfort for all people. One of the most widely used modes of transportation to access a university campus is on foot. To identify the degree of safety and comfort offered by the infrastructure intended for pedestrians around three university campuses in Marilia (SP), to develop their daily activities such as study, research, work and medical care, performance indicators were used, developed by Cerna (2014), and a walkability index, developed by Pires et al. (2017), based on the method proposed by Cerna. The results show that among the evaluated themes, the indicators related to Traffic light, sidewalks, passenger shelters (bus stop), bus stops and sidewalks had the worst scores. These results point to the effectiveness of the method and thus, they can contribute so that managers and owners of buildings around these university campuses can improve the quality of the access infrastructure to the respective universities.
Activation of film growth on indium phosphide by pulsed photon treatment
Authors: Tomina Elena V. , Sladkopevtsev Boris V. , Serikov Dmitrii V. , Mittova Irina Ya.
Published: December 2021

Photon activation of various physicochemical processes by the radiation of powerful pulsed xenon lamps (radiation range of 0.2-1.2 µm) is one of the promising areas of material science. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of preoxidative pulsed photon treatment on the process of thermal oxidation of indium phosphide with a nanosized layer of V2O5 on the surface, as well as its effect on the composition and morphology of the formed films. We determined the optimal mode of pre-oxidative pulsed photon treatment of magnetron-formed V2O5/InP heterostructures with a radiation density of 15 J/cm2. By laser and spectral ellipsometry methods, photon activation of V2O5/InP before thermal oxidation was found to increase the thickness of the formed films practically twofold. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the intensification of the phosphate formation process. The morphological characteristics of the films were determined by atomic force microscopy.Pre-oxidative pulsed photon treatment with an optimal radiation density of 15 J/cm2 activates the thermal oxidation of V2O5/InP heterostructures. It is associated with the formation of new active centres and  accelerated rearrangement of chemical bonds in the intermediate complexes of the V2O5 catalyst with semiconductor components
Entropy features of the PeTa effect during phase transformations of water
Authors: Bordonskiy Georgy S.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses a hypothesis put forward by V. A. Tatarchenko and M. E. Perelman. According to it, the first order phase transition during vapour condensation or melt crystallisation (PeTa effect) is accompanied by the appearance of nonthermal radiation of the media. The generally accepted point of view is that the latent heat of phase transformation can only be released in the form of heat. When the authors of the hypothesis tried to prove the existence of the effect of nonthermal radiation and considered the facts confirming it, they did not take into account the peculiarities of the initial and final states of the medium (i.e. their entropy). To clarify the physics of the process of liquid crystallisation and to consider the possibility of nonthermal radiation, we studied the peculiarities of water crystallisation and the formation of ice. This isthe process the authors referred to in order to prove their hypothesis. It was shown that in various experiments, it is necessary to consider both the state (structure) of the initial water samples and the formed ice, which can consist of various crystalline modifications with chaotic packing. These features of initial and final states, i.e. the entropy of water and ice samples in real experiments and under observed natural phenomena, make it more difficult to assess the characteristics of a possible radiation. The entropy of the initial and final states was determined by the procedure of the system preparation and the peculiarities of the phase transition dynamics. Its values depend on macroscopic parameters, as well a s on themicrostructure of the media, the determination of which is a very challenging task in each specific case. In addition, in many cases, we have to deal with metastable media, for which it is necessary to take into account the influence of fluctuations on the process of the phase transition. Therefore, the concepts of equilibrium thermodynamics are not applicable to them. However, these are the media where non-heat radiations may occur in accordance with the laws of self-organisation in nonlinear weakly nonequilibrium objects. This work shows a method for preparing low-entropy medium with its subsequent phase transformation into ice. To do so we conducted an experiment which involved freezing concentrated alcohol in order to obtain deeply supercooled water. It appears that to find the characteristics of the PeTa radiation it is necessary to takeinto account the entropy constraints for each specific case, which will allow assessing the spectrum of possible non-heated radiations and their characteristics.
Hydrothermal assisted conventional sol-gel method for synthesis of bioactive glass 70S30Cы
Authors: Tuan Ta Anh , Guseva Elena V. , Tien Nguyen Anh , Anh Ha Tuan , Vuong Bui Xuan , Phuc Le Hong , Hien Nguyen Quan , Hoa Bui Thi , Long Nguyen Viet
Published: December 2021

Bioactive glasses (Bioglasses) are widely synthesized by the conventional sol-gel method consisting of two main steps for sol and gel formation. However, the conversion from sol to gel requires a long time (5–7 days). In this study, the hydrothermal system was used to quickly synthesize the bioactive glass by reducing the conversion time from sol to gel. The hydrothermal assisted conventional sol-gel method was applied for synthesis of the bioactive glass 70SiO2–30CaO (mol%) (noted as 70S30C). The synthetic glass was investigated by the physical-chemical techniques. The ‘‘in vitro’’ experiments in SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) solution was also performed to evaluate the bioactivity of synthetic material. The obtained results show that the bioactive glass 70S30C was successfully elaborated by using the hydrothermal assisted conventional sol-gelmethod. The consuming time was reduced compared to the conventional method. The physical-chemical characterization confirmed that the synthetic glass is amorphous material with mesoporous structure consisting of interconnected particles.The specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter of synthetic glass were 142.8 m2/g, 0.52 cm3/g, and 19.1 nm, respectively. Furthermore, synthetic bioactive glass exhibited interesting bioactivity when immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for 1 days and good biocompatibility when cultured in cellular media.
Investigation of the deposition of calcium fluoride nanoparticles on the chips of CaF2 single crystals
Authors: Fedorov Pavel P. , Mayakova Maria N. , Gaynutdinov Radmir V. , Tabachkova Natalia Yu. , Komandin Gennadiy A. , Baranchikov Alexander E. , Chernova Elena V. , Kuznetsov Sergey V. , Ivanov Vladimir K. , Osiko (1932-2019) Vyacheslav V.
Published: December 2021

The deposition of calcium fluoride nanoparticles on single crystal chips of calcium fluoride was studied. CaF2 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation from aqueous nitrate solutions using hydrofluoric acid as a fluorinating agent at a batch system. The prepared samples were examined by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and optical transmission. There is an inhomogeneous coating of the substrate surface with submicron particles of about 100–150 nm in size, which are clusters of nanoparticles of 15-20 nm in size. The initial nanoparticles coherently grow on the surface of the crystal substrate. Heat treatment of the substrate-deposited layer composite at 600 °C leads to the coalescence of submicron particles and the formation of a porous layer of a complex structure.
Semiconductor metal oxide sensor for hydrogen sulphide operating under non-stationary temperature conditions
Authors: Shaposhnik Alexey V. , Zviagin Alexey A. , Dyakonova Olga V. , Ryabtsev Stanislav V. , Ghareeb Dina
Published: December 2021

The aim of the work was to create a selective gas sensor for hydrogen sulphide. As a result of adding ammonia to the zinc acetate solution, centrifuging the obtained zinc hydroxide and subsequent calcination, a polydisperse zinc oxide powder with a grain size of 5–50 nm was obtained. The material was characterized using X-ray phase analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, silver nitrate and terpeniol were added to the zinc oxide nanopowder to form a paste. The gas-sensitive material was obtained by applying the resulting paste on a special dielectric substrate and subsequent calcination, as a result of which the terpeniol burned out, and the silver nitrate turned into an oxide (the mass fraction of the silver was 3%). A non-stationary temperature mode for the operation of the sensor was selected, in which, after rapidheating of the sensor to 450 °C (2 seconds), slow (13 seconds) cooling to 100 °C occurred. Each subsequent heating-cooling cycle with a total period of 15 seconds began immediately after the end of the previous cycle. The use of an unsteady temperature mode in combination with the selection of the composition of the gas-sensitive layer made it possible to obtain a response of 200 for a hydrogen sulphide concentration of 1 ppm. Along with an increase in sensitivity, a significant increase in selectivity was also observed. The cross-sensitivity for the determination of hydrogen sulphide and other reducing gases (CO, NH3, H2) was more than three orders of magnitude. Thus, this sensor can be used to detect hydrogen sulphide even in the presence of interfering components. The use of highly selective sensors in the tasks of qualitative andquantitative analysis can significantly simplify the calibration in comparison with “electronic nose” devices. Devices based on highly selective sensors do not require the use of mathematical methods for processing multidimensional data arrays.