bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No evidence for decline of carabid beetles in European and North-American arable fields; a meta-analysis
Authors: Saska Pavel , Frei Britta , Makowski David , van der Werf Wopke
Published: June 2019

Recent studies have shown dramatic decline in the abundance and diversity of insects over the last decades, including pollinators, lepidopterans, flying insects, parasitoids or epigeal predators, such as carabid and staphylinid beetles. Many of these studies are based on regional data, therefore it is hard to draw a conclusion about the generality of the reported effects across multiple groups and regions. In this paper we focus on testing the hypothesis of insect decline in annual arable crops over a wide geographical range, using meta-analysis of data on carabid beetles as a model group. We extracted pitfall trap catches and observed species richness from 105 independent publications originating from Europe and North America. Data were from a variety of arable annual crops in 22 countries, and spanned a period of 42 years. As sampling effort varied notably across studies, we standardized catches by trapping effort, and explored different options for calculating trapping effort from data. The data over time did not show any evidence of a decline in carabid numbers nor species caught over the 42 years covered by the dataset. A possible explanation for this finding is that carabid beetles living in these habitats are adapted to periodical disturbance by either withstanding these disturbances on site or by periodically re-colonizing fields from adjacent habitats. Although local decreases in carabid populations are documented in the literature as a result of agricultural intensification or landscape simplification, at the broader geographical scale, such a decline is not supported by the data.
Carabid beetles in peatlands - what are bog species? Clear definitions of tyrphobiontic and tyrphophilic species as used in the "Bavarian bog species basket"
Authors: Müller-Kroehling Stefan
Published: June 2019

Peatland species are endangered because of peat extraction and drenching of peatland in many regions, and thus are of great conservation concern.

Often times, the trait of being "tyrphobiontic" or "tyrphopilous" is defined differently in the literature, yielding ambigous results. Frequently, studies of peatland fauna do not clearly define which species are characteristic of peatlands, instead focussing on other traits like red data book status etc.

The group of peatland specialists should be definied by their affinity to the habitat trait of peaty soil. For many species, further factors are also relevant, like habitat tradition, elevation and regional climate, vegetation types etc., but peaty soil is a common denominator.

The "Bavarian bog species basket" lists all species from different species groups that are bog species, grouping them into three clearly defined categories of peatland affinity. For carabids, a list of all 26 species in that basked is presented, and examples provided how these differ in their affinity to different bog habitats, and to bog habitats overall.
Carabid beetles in Short Rotation Coppices (SRC): Comparing the importance of stand age versus plantation age for forest species through a meta study from Central Europe
Authors: Müller-Kroehling Stefan , Hohmann Georg , Burmeister Johannes , Helbig Christiane , Liesebach Mirko , Müller Michael , Zehlius Wolfgang , Lübke-Al Hussein Marita , Al Hussein Ismail
Published: June 2019

Because of their monoculture and even-aged plantation character, often highly mechanized harvesting methods and very short rotation cycles for a woody plant crop, the functions of short rotation coppices (SRC) with regard to biodiversity are often thought to be limited. The surprisingly large number studies conducted yielded varying, in some aspects inconclusive results. Most studies and reviews conducted so far concluded that only SRC in the establishment phase after planting are of particular value for biodiversity and nature conservation. In order to achieve a better understanding of biodiversity functions of SRC with the potential to be generalized, we conducted a meta study combining existing ground beetle data from 14 projects with a total of 73 plots from SRC in West Central Europe (Germany) and Czechia.

The results show that SRC not only have benefits for biodiversity by providing endangered pioneer species an ephemeral pioneer habitat (particularly during the establishment phase of the SRC), but also do so at the fringes like their edges and in clearings where trees failed to properly establish. A second function for biodiversity conservation is that of providing strict forest species of limited dispersal ability with habitat corridors, which is the case particularly in older, long-existing SRC. The age of the plantation is much more important for this funtion than the length of the rotation intervals.

The two conservation benefits which SRC can have are completely different, but can complement each other. In multifunctional landscapes which aim to maintain open field biodiversity and cultivate forest biodiversity at the same time, a stronger consideration of SRC need not be a threat but can be a valuable ingredient in the land use mix.
Wikimedia Projects and Citizen Science
Authors: Leachman Siobhan
Published: June 2019

I intend to present an outline of my work as a citizen scientist. I use English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata to interlink databases, including GBIF, EOL, NZOR and Plant-SyNZ. All of these provide information on New Zealand endemic species. I link those databases to scientific literature, including the original description as well as the New Zealand conservation threat classification of the species. I also link to other pieces of information, such as photographs and illustrations as well as outreach efforts by Department of Conservation staff. In addition, I will explain how, by editing Wikidata, Wikimedians can assist in filling gaps that result from a lack of publicly available, comprehensive and authoritative databases. Using practical examples, I will show how data collated and curated in Wikidata can be queried. I will explain how information collated in Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons is ingested and reused by the citizen science observation platform iNaturalist. I intend to argue that this reuse assists with the creation of more accurate citizen science-generated biodiversity observation data. This in turn increases the depth of information known about particular species.
OpenBiodiv: Linking Type Materials, Institutions, Locations and Taxonomic Names Extracted From Scholarly Literature
Authors: Dimitrova Mariya , Senderov Viktor , Georgiev Teodor , Zhelezov Georgi , Penev Lyubomir
Published: June 2019

OpenBiodiv is a knowledge management system containing biodiversity knowledge extracted from scholarly literature: both recently published articles in Pensoft's journals and legacy (taxon treatments extracted by Plazi) (Senderov et al. 2017). OpenBiodiv advances our understanding of the use of scientific names, collection codes and institutions within published literature by using semantic technologies, such as the conversion of XML-encoded text to RDF triples, linked via the OpenBiodiv-O onthology (Senderov et al. 2018). In this poster, we show how OpenBiodiv, currently containing more than 729 million statements, can be used to address a specific use case: finding institutions storing type material specimens of the genus Prosopistoma from various literature sources (Fig. 1). This use case is important for various groups of users: institutions, taxonomists, and curators. Answering this complex question is made possible through the application of semantic technologies within OpenBiodiv. Data extraction from taxonomic articles and treatments is enabled the utilisation of common schemas and standards into the extraction process, whereas the conversion of XML-encoded scholarly literature into Resоurce Description Framework (RDF) is facilitated by OpenBiodiv-O. The code base for information extraction and data transformation is wrapped in the R packages rdf4r and ropenbio.

The ontology allows to model the structure of research articles and treatments, as well as their corresponding metadata. Thus, OpenBiodiv-O is used to represent not only the sections of treatments but also the various entities within them, for instance geographic coordinates and institution codes within the “Type materials” section of a treatment. Institution codes marked up within articles using the Darwin Core standard (Wieczorek et al. 2012) are mapped to GRBio's institution records. Institutions which are not present in GRBio can often be extracted from the “Abbreviations” section of a given article, thus utilising the power of semantic publishing workflows to discover information hidden within scholarly literature (Penev et al. 2011, Agosti and Egloff 2009). Institutional codes (abbreviations) are then mapped to the narrative section, containing the type materials information. The extraction of coordinates in the taxonomic treatment section allows to establish the location of the collection event through reverse geocoding and enables the selection of treatments linked to a specific geographic region. Modelling of the “Nomenclature” section within OpenBiodiv-O helps to link taxonomic names, mapped to GBIF’s taxonomic backbone, to their type materials, thus facilitating the discovery of materials corresponding to species from a certain higher-rank taxon.
Restored to Science. Challenges in Restoration and Digitisation of Long Abandoned Fungi Collection - Case Study
Authors: Jakubowski Klemens
Published: June 2019

In 2017 abandoned on the dusty attic for at least twenty years the valuable fungi collection was discovered. After the investigation, it turned out that counting 2159 specimens collection is forgotten and long wanted life work of professor Andrzej Nespiak, a significant polish mycologist (1921-1981). The decision was easy: the collection must be restored, digitalised and secured for the future. These processes met many difficulties on all possible levels.

The project consisted of three main stages: cataloging, conservation, and digitisation.

Cataloging stage showed how valuable the collection is. Almost every specimen has very detailed information about location and habitat like hosting plant name (even specific names for bark or dead branches for fungi growing on wood), soil type for terrestrial ones, phytocoenosis, etc. Almost every specimen has a microscopic drawing of spores with dimensions attached. Collection dates mostly mention only month and year of collection. The big problem cataloging was chaotic naming. No name contains the names of authors. Different grammatic forms of specific epithets of the same species are used. There are a lot of species names and lower taxa names which do not exist in Index Fungorum. The main challenge was to set one standard of conduct.

Conservation stage was very important. Despite the attic was quite dry, many specimens were damaged. A small part was exposed to water and slightly infected by mold. Some were damaged by insects due to high temperatures in summer. All specimens were covered in dust. In the beginning, the whole collection was dried and frozen to stop mold and insects. Later mold was removed and all specimens were transferred to the new envelopes and boxes. All stationery used in herbarium is archive quality, acid-free.

During the digitisation stage, all specimens were photographed with labels and all additional information and drawings.

The whole project brought many challenges and required from staff a lot of commitment and deepening knowledge to properly select solutions.
Endemicity and Community Composition of Marine Species along the NW Pacific and Adjacent Arctic Ocean
Authors: Saeedi Hanieh , Simoes Marianna , Brandt Angelika
Published: June 2019

The Northwestern (NW) Pacific Ocean lies in one of the most productive, speciose, and diverse regions of the World Ocean, and includes several shallow-water oceanic islands and deep-sea basins of varying depth, hydrology, and degree of isolation. The adjacent Arctic Ocean areas include the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Seas of the Arctic Ocean with short food chains and shallow depths characterizing high productivity areas. Despite its magnitude and relevance, characterization of species diversity and community composition patterns in the NW Pacific Ocean remains poorly explored and largely unknown. Here we attempt to discover how geographic boundaries and depth shape current community assemblages and delimit species distribution ranges and richness using open access data. We also show how endemicity and community composition vary between tropical and temperate NW Pacific and the adjacent Arctic Ocean considering sampling bias. The Eastern Philippine Sea was the hotspot of species richness in the NW Pacific and its adjacent Arctic Ocean even when accounting for sampling bias. The lowest species richness was observed in Papau. Despite high species richness in the Eastern Philippine Sea, the Yellow Sea and Gulf of Tonkin had the highest endemicity rates (ca. 60%) among all other ecoregions. Endemicity ranged 20–40% across 19 ecoregions. Chordata, Arthropoda, and Mollusca contributed more than 50% to the total community composition in the NW Pacific where as Arthropoda, Annelida, and Mollusca were the dominant taxa shaping ca. 82% of the Arctic Ocean community. Pelagic species richness was higher than the benthic one in both shallow-water and deep-sea regions of the NW Pacific Ocean. However, in the shallow and deep Arctic Ocean, most of the taxa were benthic excluding the deep Kara Sea where pelagic deep-sea species dominated the whole community. Two significantly distinctive clusters (North and South clusters) were classified based on species richness similarity analysis in this area including ecoregions of the (1) Arctic Ocean and North NW Pacific, and (2) Mid to South NW Pacific.
An Evolving Business Model for a Biodiversity Biobank Network: GGBN
Authors: Barker Katharine , Astrin Jonas , Droege Gabriele , Coddington Jonathan , Seberg Ole
Published: June 2019

GGBN, the Global Genome Biodiversity Network, is a consortium of virtually linked biodiversity biobanks that provide unified open access to their sample data through a web portal (www.ggbn.org), together improve best practices and develop standards. Since its inception in 2011, GGBN has largely been supported by external grants and in-kind support from its members. Starting with representatives from thirteen organizations across Africa, Australia, Europe, North, Central, and South America, preliminary plans for an international coordinating mechanism for biodiversity biobanks was developed. In 2013, an interim executive committee was established and an MOU (memorandum of understanding) was distributed to 17 potential collaborators for signature. Subsequently a governance and business model were developed based on input from across the collections and research communities. As the network grew, the interim executive committee solicited letters of intent to transition GGBN into a formal member-driven organization. In 2016 with 12 biodiversity collections online through GGBN’s data portal, the organization was launched and the business model implemented. This included a general and a technical secretariat, an executive committee and general assembly of its, at that time, 41 members. Having grown to encompass 87 general assembly members and 22 collections online in two years, GGBN is assessing its current business model, with focus on increasing revenue, and marketing strategy. Results of this assessment and associated next steps for GGBN are presented and discussed.
TaxonWorks: An experience of migrating large datasets into the new cybertaxonomic infrastructure
Authors: Dmitriev Dmitry
Published: June 2019

TaxonWorks (http://taxonworks.org) in an integrated, open-source, cybertaxonomic web application serving taxonomists and biodiversity scientists. It is designed to facilitate efficient data capture, storage, manipulation, and retrieval. It integrates a wide variety of data types used by biodiversity scientists, including, but not limited to, taxonomy (with validation based on codes of zoological, botanical, bacterial, and viral nomenclature), specimen data, bibliographies, media (images, PDFs, sounds, videos), morphology (character/trait matrices), distribution, biological associations. Available TaxonWorks web interfaces currently provide various data entry forms for simple and advanced querying of the database.

TaxonWorks has integrated batch uploader functionality. But, for larger datasets, specialized migration scripts were used. Several projects, historically build in 3i (http://dmitriev.speciesfile.org), MX (http://mx.phenomix.org), SpeciesFiles (http://software.speciesfile.org), and other databases, have been or are being migrated into TaxonWorks. Of the projects moving into TaxonWorks, it is worth mentioning several: 3i World Auchenorrhyncha Database, LepIndex, Universal Chalcidoidea Database, Orthoptera SpeciesFile, Plecoptera SpeciesFile, Illinois Natural History Survey Insect Collection database, and several others. An experience of the data migration will be shared during the presentation.
Past, Present, and Future of Marcescent Mediterranean Forests
Authors: Vila-Viçosa Carlos , Gonçalves João , Honrado João , Silva Rubim , Vazquez Francisco , Stephan Jean , García Cristina
Published: June 2019

Mediterranean forests are unique and one of the most threatened biomes worldwide (Klausmeyer and Shaw 2009). They are distributed through marked ecological gradients that are supported by a wide variety of diverse geology and contrasting bioclimatic conditions.

Marcescence (i.e., the abscence of leaf fall abscission; Addicott 1982), is a life-history trait related to contrasting or transitional climatic areas such as those across Eurosiberian and Mediterranean Regions (García-Mijangos et al. 2014). Thus, marcescent forests are ecotones located in the transition between temperate areas with cold winters and mild rainy summers and mediterranean regions with dry and hot summers (Rivas-Martínez et al. 2017).

We aim to provide a global overview of marcescent forests in the Mediterranean basin, a significant ecotone in terms of biogeography and conservation, by exploring the main ecological drivers that have promoted past, current and future changes in the distribution ranges of several oak species.

We used a subset of oak species from the subsection Galliferae (Quercus L.), to unveil biogeographic relationships and recent or past contact between taxa, thus bringing insights to its evolutionary history and speciation. A database was built with records obtained from extensive fieldwork, herbaria review and online resources (e.g., Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), scrutinized by taxonomic experts. We used downscaled climate data to obtain potential distribution of each species through an ensemble-modelling framework (biomod2 - R package, Araújo and New 2007, Thuiller et al. 2009), across different past (Last Glacial Maximum and Middle Holocene), present and future scenarios (2050 and 2080 Hijmans et al. 2005; Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 IPCC 2013).

Results provide new insights to advance our current understanding of the biogeographic trajectories of transiently co-occurring oak species, at the boundary of two major biomes and biogeographic regions in Southern Europe and North Africa.

Furthermore, we highlight the importance of these forests for biodiversity conservation, not only as refuge of relict and narrow endemic species, but particularly for understanding white oak biogeography and evolution in Europe, anticipating future shifts driven by anthropogenic climate change.
Symbiota2: Enabling greater collaboration and flexibility in mobilizing biodiversity data
Authors: Barkworth Mary , Brandt Benjamin , Dyreson Curtis , Cobb Neil , Pearse Will
Published: June 2019

Symbiota, the most used biodiversity content management system in the United States, has helped mobilize over 35 million specimen records from over 750 natural history collections via 40+ separate installations. Most Symbiota records come from natural history collections but some Symbiota instances also incorporate records from observations, images, publications, and gardens. Symbiota serves as both a data management system for entering, annotating, and cleaning occurrence data, images and associated specimen data (e.g., genetic sequences, images, publications) and as a primary aggregator/publisher for data stored in any database system that can export to a comma separated value (csv) file. Symbiota integrates and displays data and images from many resources in multiple formats, some of which appeal primarily to researchers, others to land managers, educators, and the general public.

After nearly 20 years, Symbiota is going through a major software revision through Symbiota2, a US National Science Foundation-funded project. The broad goals of Symbiota2 are to make it easier for developers to add new functionality, to improve usability, and to help site managers administer a site. Symbiota2 will have a plugin-based architecture that will allow developers to encapsulate functionality in a plugin. Symbiota2 will improve usability by supporting off-line use, enabling Wordpress (content-managment system) integration, and having a customizable user interface. Symbiota2 will help site managers by simplifying installation and management of a site. The three-year project is on-going, but so far we have created a Symbiota2 GithHub repository and a Docker image with all the necessary components for installing, configuring, and running Symbiota2, an object relational mapping (ORM) of the tables in the database management system (DBMS), and web services to connect to the DBMS via the ORM. We used Doctrine 2 for the ORM and API-Platform for the web services. By the third quarter of 2019, we anticipate deploying the plugin framework to encourage developers to create new functionality for biodiversity content management.
ABCD 3.0 Ready to Use
Authors: Fichtmueller David , Berendsohn Walter G. , Droege Gabriele , Glöckler Falko , Güntsch Anton , Hoffmann Jana , Holetschek Jörg , Petersen Mareike , Reimeier Fabian
Published: June 2019

The TDWG standard ABCD (Access to Biological Collections Data task group 2007) was aimed at harmonizing terminologies used for modelling biological collection information and is used as a comprehensive data format for transferring collection and observation data between software components.

The project ABCD 3.0 (A community platform for the development and documentation of the ABCD standard for natural history collections) was financed by the German Research Council (DFG). It addressed the transformation of ABCD into a semantic web-compliant ontology by deconstructing the XML-schema into individually addressable RDF (Resource Description Framework) resources published via the TDWG Terms Wiki (https://terms.tdwg.org/wiki/ABCD_2). In a second step, informal properties and concept-relations described by the original ABCD-schema were transformed into a machine-readable ontology and revised (Güntsch et al. 2016). The project was successfully finished in January 2019.

The ABCD 3 setup allows for the creation of standard-conforming application schemas. The XML variant of ABCD 3.0 was restructured, simplified and made more consistent in terms of element names and types as compared to version 2.x. The XML elements are connected to their semantic concepts using the W3C SAWSDL (Semantic Annotation for Web Services Description Language and XML Schema) standard. The creation of specialized applications schemas is encouraged, the first use case was the application schema for zoology. It will also be possible to generate application schemas that break the traditional unit-centric structure of ABCD.

Further achievements of the project include creating a Wikibase instance as the editing platform, with related tools for maintenance queries, such as checking for inconsistencies in the ontology and automated export into RDF. This allows for fast iterations of new or updated versions, e.g. when additional mappings to other standards are done. The setup is agnostic to the data standard created, it can therefore also be used to create or model other standards. Mappings to other standards like Darwin Core (https://dwc.tdwg.org/) and Audubon Core (https://tdwg.github.io/ac/) are now machine readable as well. All XPaths (XML Paths) of ABCD 3.0 XML have been mapped to all variants of ABCD 2.06 and 2.1, which will ease transition to the new standard. The ABCD 3 Ontology will also be uploaded to the GFBio Terminology Server (Karam et al. 2016), where individual concepts can be easily searched or queried, allowing for better interactive modelling of ABCD concepts.

ABCD documentation now adheres to TDWG’s Standards Documentation Standard (SDS, https://www.tdwg.org/standards/sds/) and is located at https://abcd.tdwg.org/. The new site is hosted on Github: https://github.com/tdwg/abcd/tree/gh-pages.
Data Sharing in CASEarth Project
Authors: Ji Liqiang , He Guojin , Yan Dongmei
Published: June 2019

Big Earth Data Projects (CASEarth; http://www.casearth.com) is a key project to make research data in the fields of biology, ecology, environment and resource science in the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) converge in a synthesis facility, to serve data driving fundamental research and decision making in China. The project was launched January 1, 2018 and funded by CAS. Data sharing is one of most important issues in the project, which is not only a prerequisity, but also a symbol for success in the big data era. A series of regulations refering to the data sharing policy in the CASEarch Project of CAS have been drafted and implemented in the project, including data quality contral, data submitting, data evaluation, data sharing to scientists and decision makers. Dozens of data sets have been re-arranged and submitted to a centralized data warehouse since June 2018, successfully aggregating >250 volumes of detailed monographs of fauna and flora, biodiversity red lists and maps, invasive species data, 3D imagery of specimens, a microbial culture catalogue, genomic data for agricultural/domestic and wild species, checklists and introducing records for botanical gardens, vegetation maps, biodiversity monitoring, nature reserves, wetland birds distribution and conservation, plant phenology (1960-present), ecosystems, paleontological data, and fundamental geographic data such as population, economy, land use, and remote sensing. The Catalogue of Life – China, a species checklist, is the backbone of the biodiversity data sets above. Our data sharing platform (http://data.casearth.cn), launched January 15, 2019, currently houses 5 PB of data. Registration is open to all, and registered users can browse metadata or keyword search on the platform and download data. Although the portal is currently available in Chinese, an English portal will be launched in 2020.
Augmentation Methods for Biodiversity Training Data
Authors: Lasseck Mario
Published: June 2019

The detection and identification of individual species based on images or audio recordings has shown significant performance increase over the last few years, thanks to recent advances in deep learning. Reliable automatic species recognition provides a promising tool for biodiversity monitoring, research and education. Image-based plant identification, for example, now comes close to the most advanced human expertise (Bonnet et al. 2018, Lasseck 2018a). Besides improved machine learning algorithms, neural network architectures, deep learning frameworks and computer hardware, a major reason for the gain in performance is the increasing abundance of biodiversity training data, either from observational networks and data providers like GBIF, Xeno-canto, iNaturalist, etc. or natural history museum collections like the Animal Sound Archive of the Museum für Naturkunde. However, in many cases, this occurrence data is still insufficient for data-intensive deep learning approaches and is often unbalanced, with only few examples for very rare species. To overcome these limitations, data augmentation can be used. This technique synthetically creates more training samples by applying various subtle random manipulations to the original data in a label-preserving way without changing the content. In the talk, we will present augmentation methods for images and audio data. The positive effect on identification performance will be evaluated on different large-scale data sets from recent plant and bird identification (LifeCLEF 2017, 2018) and detection (DCASE 2018) challenges (Lasseck 2017, Lasseck 2018b, Lasseck 2018c).
The Brushed Jumping Spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Jotus L. Koch, 1881) from Eastern Australia
Authors: Baehr Barbara C. , Schubert Joseph , Harms Danilo
Published: June 2019

The Australian fauna of Jumping spiders (family Salticidae) is highly diverse and includes iconic lineages such as the peacock spiders (genus Maratus Karsch, 1878) that are well-known for their vibrant colours and fascinating behaviours. Many other jumping spiders in Australia are also highly attractive but almost nothing is known about their diversity and taxonomic identity. Here, we describe and illustrate eight species of ‘brushed’ jumping spiders (genus Jotus L. Koch, 1881). Three of these were described more than 140 years ago and are redescribed and illustrated here: Jotusauripes L. Koch, 1881, J.braccatus L. Koch, 1881 and J.minutus L. Koch, 1881. Five new species are also described: Jotusalbimanussp. nov., J.fortiniaesp. nov., J.karllagerfeldisp. nov., Jotusmoonensissp. nov., and J.newtonisp. nov. While Jotus is a diverse and frequently observed genus in Australia, specimens are strangely rare in museum collections. A comprehensive revisionary framework including targeted field work and molecular methods will be required to fully document this charismatic and attractive group of spiders.
Association between deep-water scale-worms (Annelida: Polynoidae) and black corals (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) in the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: De Assis José , Souza Jose , Lima Manuela , Lima Gislaine , Cordeiro Ralf , Pérez Carlos
Published: June 2019

Polynoid scale-worms have been found living as commensals with deep-water antipatharians (commonly known as black corals) in the Potiguar Basin, off Rio Grande do Norte State, Northeastern Brazil. In this paper two polychaete species and four black corals species are redescribed. Benhamipolynoecf.antipathicola and Parahololepidellacf.greeffi, and the black coral Stylopathesadinocrada Opresko, 2006 are recorded for the Southwestern Atlantic. Benhamipolynoecf.antipathicola was ﬁrst described from off New Zealand and the Malay Archipelago, as symbiont with the black coral Stylopathestenuispina (Silberfeld, 1909). It was later reported for the North Atlantic, off Florida, associated with Stylopathescolumnaris (Duchassaing, 1870). In our study, B.cf.antipathicola was found in association with the black coral S.adinocrada. Parahololepidellacf.greeffi was first described as a free-living from shallow waters off São Tomé and Cabo Verde Islands, West Africa, and later reported as symbiont with the black coral Tanacetipathescf.spinescens in the same location. Our data expand both the geographical distribution and the host range of this species which is reported for the first time as symbiont with Tanacetipathesbarbadensis (Brook, 1889), T.tanacetum (Pourtalès, 1880) and T.thamnea (Warner, 1981) in Brazil. The aim of this study is to discuss commensal associations between two species of scale-worm polynoids and black corals found in the Southwestern Atlantic, and also reporting their global distribution. Finally, we provided an updated list of the commensal polynoids and their black coral hosts.
Role of Carotid Ultrasound and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation Charts for the Cardiovascular Risk Stratification of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Martínez-Vidal María Paz , Andrés Mariano , Jovaní Vega , Santos-Ramírez Carlos , Romera Cintia , Fernández-Carballido Cristina
Published: June 2019

Objective.

The assessment of the cardiovascular (CV) risk is recommended in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The objectives of this study were to assess the CV risk profile in a cohort of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), to determine the presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease by carotid ultrasound (US), and to study the association of CV disease to PsA characteristics.

Methods.

This was a cross-sectional multicentric descriptive study. The clinical CV risk was calculated with Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) charts. Common carotid US was conducted to evaluate the carotid wall intima-media thickness and the presence of atheroma plaques. Patients were reclassified upon US results. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify associations of US carotid abnormalities with the classical CV risk factors and PsA characteristics.

Results.

The study included 176 patients with PsA. The SCORE-estimated CV risk was intermediate in 65.3% of the patients. In the US study, 32% of the patients had abnormalities, and 30.8% of the patients were upgraded and reclassified as very high risk owing to the presence of atheroma. Subclinical CV disease was associated with age and dyslipidemia but not with other risk factors. It was associated with axial disease in the subgroup with intermediate risk, and with C-reactive protein levels in patients with high risk.

Conclusion.

Many patients with PsA have clinical estimated intermediate or high risk of a fatal CV event. A carotid US study detects subclinical vascular disease and may be useful to depict the real risk. The presence of atheroma is only partially explained by the classic CV risk factors.
Une « préférence féodale » : divergences entre les constructions sociales de la préférence pour les garçons, les représentations et les politiques publiques autour de la sélection sexuelle prénatale au Vietnam
Authors: Becquet Valentine , Ngoc Luu Bich
Published: June 2019

Résumé Depuis 2003, des milliers de filles vietnamiennes ne naissent pas en raison de constructions sociales relatives aux enfants selon leur sexe, entraînant la pratique d’avortements pour enfanter un garçon. Pourtant, l’élargissement des possibilités de migration pour les filles a des répercussions positives sur leur statut par rapport aux fils, mais ces derniers conservent une valeur spirituelle centrale. Ces logiques sociales genrées divergent des logiques politiques visant à contrer des conséquences dramatiques sur la structure de la population. Les projets de lutte contre la sélection sexuelle prénatale sont inégalement compris et mis en œuvre à l’échelle locale et s’adressent davantage aux pratiques discriminatoires qu’aux causes sous-jacentes de la préférence pour les garçons. En mobilisant des entretiens menés avec des couples et des acteurs politiques locaux en 2012-2013 dans trois provinces vietnamiennes, cet article analyse la reproduction des représentations autour de la préférence pour les garçons dans le contexte actuel, malgré les campagnes étatiques pour changer les comportements.
Inégalités dans l’éducation au post-primaire au Burkina Faso
Authors: Gnoumou-Thiombiano Bilampoa , Kaboré Idrissa
Published: June 2019

Résumé L’article examine l’évolution de la scolarisation et les inégalités au post-primaire au Burkina Faso ainsi que les facteurs qui y sont associés. Trois enquêtes ménages réalisées entre 2003 et 2014 ont été mobilisées. Le taux brut d’admission au post-primaire a presque doublé durant cette période. Les progrès sont plus importants pour le taux brut de scolarisation. Par contre, le taux net de scolarisation et le taux brut d’achèvement du post-primaire sont restés faibles. La mise en œuvre des politiques éducatives a permis de réduire les inégalités entre les sexes en matière d’accès au cycle post-primaire, mais le problème de maintien à l’école se pose avec plus d’acuité chez les filles, illustrant ainsi la faible performance du système éducatif. Les facteurs associés à la scolarisation au post-primaire sont d’ordre socio-économique, culturel et contextuel, avec toutefois des spécificités selon le sexe et le milieu de résidence. Le statut familial de l’enfant, la corésidence avec les parents biologiques, le niveau d’instruction et la religion du chef de ménage, le niveau de vie du ménage, la distance à l’école secondaire la plus proche, la région et le milieu de résidence sont des variables significativement associées à l’accès au post-primaire.
Comment l’obésité infantile affecte-t-elle la réussite scolaire ? Contributions d’une analyse qualitative mise en place à Mexico
Authors: Levasseur Pierre , Ortiz-Hernandez Luis
Published: June 2019

Résumé Afin de mieux comprendre la relation causale qui existe entre le surpoids et l’obésité infantiles et l’échec scolaire, nous réalisons une étude qualitative à Mexico auprès de 29 élèves du primaire et du secondaire. Les conclusions issues de cette étude sont les suivantes. Tout d’abord, l’excès de poids affecte les performances scolaires à travers deux canaux interdépendants : la stigmatisation sociale et une perte de productivité. Trois principaux mécanismes régissent la relation. Tandis que la perte de productivité constitue à elle seule un de ces mécanismes, la stigmatisation sociale de l’obésité se décline en deux types de mécanismes : (i) les mécanismes sociaux directs, prenant la forme d’agression matérielle et d’exclusion par les pairs ; (ii) les mécanismes sociaux indirects se référant aux troubles psychosociologiques dont souffrent les individus stigmatisés. Enfin, le risque de se faire discriminer à cause de son poids dépend de différents facteurs individuels tels que l’âge, le genre, le niveau de corpulence et la distribution de l’adiposité dans le corps.
Relations de travail dans le Laos rural : économie morale paysanne et éthique de l’entrepreneur
Authors: Bouté Vanina
Published: June 2019

Résumé Cet article interroge les normes et les valeurs introduites dans les relations nouées entre employeurs et employés, paysans et entrepreneurs laotiens et chinois, qui se mettent en place progressivement depuis une dizaine d’années dans le nord du Laos. À travers quelques exemples tirés d’enquêtes ethnographiques menées dans les basses terres de la province de Phongsaly, l’article montre l’importance pour les entrepreneurs laotiens d’instaurer, pour maintenir la « face » de leurs employés, des relations de réciprocité, comme substitut aux anciennes relations horizontales de coopération entre paysans.
Interventions sociales et démocratie : une approche épistémologique
Authors: Salmon Anne
Published: June 2019

Pour certains auteurs, les techniques d’intervention sociale pourraient être appréhendées sous l’angle d’un processus de normalisation. Cette perspective assez pessimiste peut être confortée empiriquement par l’étude des dispositifs managériaux qui tendent de nos jours à encadrer les interventions sociales. Il n’empêche que, dans le même temps, le foisonnement d’initiatives citoyennes (par exemple celles qui se réclament de l’économie solidaire) est symptomatique d’un mouvement inverse visant la démocratisation des pratiques. Ce sont en fait deux tendances opposées allant de la stricte expertise plus ou moins coercitive de « spécialistes-juges » à l’implication plus ou moins participative « de citoyens-usagers » qu’il faut repérer. Ces tendances offrent à l’observateur une réalité moins monolithique qu’il n’y paraît. Si l’on peut suivre le processus de normalisation comme l’une des voies de la modernisation, il n’en demeure pas moins que les interventions qui s’y rapportent sont en permanence contestées au nom d’autres principes qui, réactivés, pluralisent les solutions occidentales. C’est en définitive sur une toile de fond composite que s’affrontent différentes modalités d’interventions humaines. Deux formes seront examinées ici. Chacune d’elles s’ancre dans une épistémologie particulière : intervenir sur le monde (avec la science classique et Descartes) et intervenir avec le monde (avec l’École de Copenhague et Dewey).
Manager au féminin et démocratie. Entretien avec madame G, chef d’entreprise
Authors: Diet Anne-Lise
Published: June 2019

Il s’agit d’un entretien avec une chef d’entreprise qui permet de repérer comment, dans une entreprise très genrée, elle a essayé de construire un collectif de travail coopératif, en s’appuyant sur des outils externes (club d’entrepreneurs, coaching) et divers tâtonnements liés à son expérience assez traumatique en très grande entreprise, dessinant en creux ce qu’elle ne voulait ni vivre au travail pour elle-même, ni faire vivre aux salariés.
Trauma et dissociation
Authors: Rudnytsky Peter L. , Dupont Judith
Published: June 2019

Le conflit entre Freud et Ferenczi durant l’ultime période de la vie de ce dernier concernait autant leurs dissensions sur la technique que sa reprise de la théorie du trauma de Freud d’avant 1897. Severn fut la première patiente depuis les années 1890 dont le trauma sexuel infantile ait été le point focal de l’analyse, comme cela avait été le cas pour Anna O., dont la dissociation basée sur le trauma avait fait partie intégrante de sa cure. Le corollaire de la reviviscence de la théorie du trauma est le modèle d’une psyché tributaire non de la répression mais de la dissociation. Ferenczi appartient à une lignée d’analystes, tels Breuer, Fairbairn et Sullivan, qui ont travaillé sur le schéma de la dissociation. Alors que Ferenczi lisait et citait Janet, on ne trouve plus de référence à cet auteur dans ses écrits datés d’après 1924, époque où il commençait à s’éloigner de Freud. En inversant les verdicts traditionnels quant à relation entre Ferenczi et Freud, on peut y voir un passage à l’acte, tandis que sa relation à Severn constitue un dialogue véritable.
L’analyste mal accueilli et la/sa pulsion de mort
Authors: Lugrin Yves
Published: June 2019

En 1932, une impensable déchirure entame et blesse la relation d’amitié et de travail tissée vingt-cinq ans durant entre le père de la psychanalyse et Ferenczi, que la maladie allait emporter quelques mois plus tard. En 1937, Freud renvoie cette tragédie à la fatalité, au mortifère retour, chez Ferenczi, d’une névrose dont l’analyse personnelle sur le divan l’avait pourtant jadis guéri. En 1932 Ferenczi, lui, référait cette rupture à une faute de son analyste qui, dans la cure, n’aurait pas pris en compte et aurait laissé inanalysé le transfert négatif de son patient. L’auteur soutient ici une autre hypothèse : ce n’est pas « l’analysant Ferenczi » mais bel et bien « Ferenczi l’analyste » qui aurait été mal accueilli, ce drame fatal répétant des traumas archi-originaires.
Les traces traumatiques dans les œuvres d’art
Authors: Korff-Sausse Simone
Published: June 2019

Ferenczi a décrit les expériences traumatiques précoces et tenté de les amener dans la situation psychothérapique afin de pouvoir les traiter. Ces traces traumatiques se manifestent dans le transfert parfois des dizaines d’années plus tard. L’auteur fait l’hypothèse qu’elles apparaissent également dans les œuvres d’art. L’hypothèse sera illustrée avec quatre artistes : Zoran Mušič, Juan Miró, Niki de Saint Phalle et Louise Bourgeois, et d’autre part, une séquence d’une psychothérapie d’enfant. Ainsi, certaines œuvres contiennent des traces de la période périnatale, ou elles répètent le traumatisme de la naissance, voire elles s’originent dans la période prénatale. On peut donc postuler qu’il y a une aptitude à transformer les traces du trauma pour en faire la matière d’une création artistique.
Le processus de séparation chez le tout-petit
Authors: Ma Monia
Published: June 2019

Ce texte part d’un extrait d’observation selon la méthode Esther Bick. La séparation est analysée avec la pensée chinoise, ainsi avec sa langue en pictogrammes et des références au recueil de fond de la médecine psychologie, le dao de jing . L’exploration est menée pas à pas, au plus près des mouvements du tout-petit, notamment lors d’un passage dit fort da , où surgissent mots allemands et texte de Freud. Ce cheminement sera suivi jusqu’à voir vers quel nouvel éclairage il conduit.
La demande d’asile : impacts sur la scolarisation de l’enfant et rôles de l’enseignant
Authors: Mendonça Dias Catherine , Rigoni Isabelle
Published: June 2019

Cet article propose de faire apparaître certains effets de l’expérience migratoire et de la demande d’asile des parents sur les enfants et, incidemment, sur les enseignants. Nous analysons en particulier le mécanisme de translation des responsabilités d’enseignement vis-à-vis de l’élève vers des responsabilités citoyennes vis-à-vis de l’enfant. Une étude de cas présente comment la situation critique d’un jeune accompagnant un parent en demande d’asile peut conduire le corps enseignant à dépasser ses missions d’enseignement, en accompagnant en dehors de l’école la famille dont la situation se dégrade économiquement, socialement et psychologiquement.
L’accueil des exilés hongrois en France après les évènements de 1956
Authors: Baillet Dominique
Published: June 2019

Cet article s’intéresse à la situation des exilés hongrois après les évènements de Budapest de 1956, dont l’exode a été rendu possible par la mobilisation de la communauté internationale (pays « occidentaux » et organismes internationaux). Nous nous focalisons plus précisément sur la façon dont s’est déroulé l’accueil de cette population en exil sur le sol français. Nous montrons ainsi que des contingences économiques favorables, des impératifs politiques et la nature même des réfugiés hongrois ont permis un consensus favorable à leur accueil en France, qui s’est matérialisé à travers différents dispositifs d’accueil à l’échelon national et local, portés par les pouvoirs publics mais aussi par la société civile française.
Entreprendre collectivement en coopérative d’activité et d’emploi : enjeux démocratiques de la coformation à la coopération
Authors: Brulé-Josso Stéphanie , Liberos Ghislaine
Published: June 2019

Les coopératives d’activité et d’emploi ( cae ) constituent depuis une vingtaine d’années un modèle innovant apportant une réponse aux risques de précarisation de l’emploi. Voie hybride conciliant le salariat et l’entrepreneuriat, elles reposent sur le principe d’une communauté de travailleurs à la fois autonomes et solidaires. Le collectif en constitue l’un des piliers fondateurs, mais il ne suffit pas à développer une entreprise partagée fondée sur l’association de ses coopérateurs. La contribution repose sur une démarche de recherche-action-formation menée en réponse aux difficultés ressenties par des membres de cae du réseau cpe suite à l’obligation d’association faite aux entrepreneurs-salariés par la loi ess de 2014. Il s’agit d’identifier les raisons de ces difficultés et les leviers qui permettraient d’activer plus fortement l’ambition à la fois politique et économique des cae .
Des collectifs de travailleurs indépendants : une réinvention de la manière de « faire travail » ?
Authors: Felio Cindy , Ottmann Jean-Yves
Published: June 2019

L’une des conséquences les plus documentées du travail indépendant est relative à la solitude au travail. Or, certains travailleurs indépendants rejoignent ou construisent un collectif. Une approche ethnographique a été menée auprès de deux collectifs d’indépendants installés dans des tiers-lieux. Cet article rend compte de l’analyse du corpus, composé d’entretiens biographiques et de traces d’observation, esquissant des biographies de ces collectifs. Cette recherche offre l’opportunité d’éclairer les liens entre les histoires de vie personnelles et l’histoire d’un collectif. L’apport essentiel de cette étude exploratoire est de révéler les ressources expérientielles et émancipatrices dont se saisissent les individus qui souhaitent réinventer leur métier dans l’autonomie, tout en « faisant collectif ».