bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning Non-Uniform Hypergraph for Multi-Object Tracking
Authors: Wen Longyin , Du Dawei , Li Shengkun , Bian Xiao , Lyu Siwei
Published: August 2019

The majority of Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) algorithms based on the tracking-by-detection scheme do not use higher order dependencies among objects or tracklets, which makes them less effective in handling complex scenarios. In this work, we present a new near-online MOT algorithm based on non-uniform hypergraph, which can model different degrees of dependencies among tracklets in a unified objective. The nodes in the hypergraph correspond to the tracklets and the hyperedges with different degrees encode various kinds of dependencies among them. Specifically, instead of setting the weights of hyperedges with different degrees empirically, they are learned automatically using the structural support vector machine algorithm (SSVM). Several experiments are carried out on various challenging datasets (i.e., PETS09, ParkingLot sequence, SubwayFace, and MOT16 benchmark), to demonstrate that our method achieves favorable performance against the state-of-the-art MOT methods.
Graph CNNs with Motif and Variable Temporal Block for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition
Authors: Wen Yu-Hui , Gao Lin , Fu Hongbo , Zhang Fang-Lue , Xia Shihong
Published: August 2019

Hierarchical structure and different semantic roles of joints in human skeleton convey important information for action recognition. Conventional graph convolution methods for modeling skeleton structure consider only physically connected neighbors of each joint, and the joints of the same type, thus failing to capture highorder information. In this work, we propose a novel model with motif-based graph convolution to encode hierarchical spatial structure, and a variable temporal dense block to exploit local temporal information over different ranges of human skeleton sequences. Moreover, we employ a non-local block to capture global dependencies of temporal domain in an attention mechanism. Our model achieves improvements over the stateof-the-art methods on two large-scale datasets.
Residual Attribute Attention Network for Face Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Xin Jingwei , Wang Nannan , Gao Xinbo , Li Jie
Published: August 2019

Facial prior knowledge based methods recently achieved great success on the task of face image super-resolution (SR). The combination of different type of facial knowledge could be leveraged for better super-resolving face images, e.g., facial attribute information with texture and shape information. In this paper, we present a novel deep end-to-end network for face super resolution, named Residual Attribute Attention Network (RAAN), which realizes the efficient feature fusion of various types of facial information. Specifically, we construct a multi-block cascaded structure network with dense connection. Each block has three branches: Texture Prediction Network (TPN), Shape Generation Network (SGN) and Attribute Analysis Network (AAN). We divide the task of face image reconstruction into three steps: extracting the pixel level representation information from the input very low resolution (LR) image via TPN and SGN, extracting the semantic level representation information by AAN from the input, and finally combining the pixel level and semantic level information to recover the high resolution (HR) image. Experiments on benchmark database illustrate that RAAN significantly outperforms state-of-the-arts for very low-resolution face SR problem, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Learning a Visual Tracker from a Single Movie without Annotation
Authors: Yang Lingxiao , Zhang David , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2019

The recent success of deep network in visual trackers learning largely relies on human labeled data, which are however expensive to annotate. Recently, some unsupervised methods have been proposed to explore the learning of visual trackers without labeled data, while their performance lags far behind the supervised methods. We identify the main bottleneck of these methods as inconsistent objectives between off-line training and online tracking stages. To address this problem, we propose a novel unsupervised learning pipeline which is based on the discriminative correlation filter network. Our method iteratively updates the tracker by alternating between target localization and network optimization. In particular, we propose to learn the network from a single movie, which could be easily obtained other than collecting thousands of video clips or millions of images. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach is insensitive to the employed movies, and the trained visual tracker achieves leading performance among existing unsupervised learning approaches. Even compared with the same network trained with human labeled bounding boxes, our tracker achieves similar results on many tracking benchmarks. Code is available at: https://github.com/ZjjConan/UL-Tracker-AAAI2019.
To Find Where You Talk: Temporal Sentence Localization in Video with Attention Based Location Regression
Authors: Yuan Yitian , Mei Tao , Zhu Wenwu
Published: August 2019

We have witnessed the tremendous growth of videos over the Internet, where most of these videos are typically paired with abundant sentence descriptions, such as video titles, captions and comments. Therefore, it has been increasingly crucial to associate specific video segments with the corresponding informative text descriptions, for a deeper understanding of video content. This motivates us to explore an overlooked problem in the research community — temporal sentence localization in video, which aims to automatically determine the start and end points of a given sentence within a paired video. For solving this problem, we face three critical challenges: (1) preserving the intrinsic temporal structure and global context of video to locate accurate positions over the entire video sequence; (2) fully exploring the sentence semantics to give clear guidance for localization; (3) ensuring the efficiency of the localization method to adapt to long videos. To address these issues, we propose a novel Attention Based Location Regression (ABLR) approach to localize sentence descriptions in videos in an efficient end-to-end manner. Specifically, to preserve the context information, ABLR first encodes both video and sentence via Bi-directional LSTM networks. Then, a multi-modal co-attention mechanism is presented to generate both video and sentence attentions. The former reflects the global video structure, while the latter highlights the sentence details for temporal localization. Finally, a novel attention based location prediction network is designed to regress the temporal coordinates of sentence from the previous attentions. We evaluate the proposed ABLR approach on two public datasets ActivityNet Captions and TACoS. Experimental results show that ABLR significantly outperforms the existing approaches in both effectiveness and efficiency.
Understanding Pictograph with Facial Features: End-to-End Sentence-Level Lip Reading of Chinese
Authors: Zhang Xiaobing , Gong Haigang , Dai Xili , Yang Fan , Liu Nianbo , Liu Ming
Published: August 2019

With the breakthrough of deep learning, lip reading technologies are under extraordinarily rapid progress. It is well-known that Chinese is the most widely spoken language in the world. Unlike alphabetic languages, it involves more than 1,000 pronunciations as Pinyin, and nearly 90,000 pictographic characters as Hanzi, which makes lip reading of Chinese very challenging. In this paper, we implement visual-only Chinese lip reading of unconstrained sentences in a two-step end-to-end architecture (LipCH-Net), in which two deep neural network models are employed to perform the recognition of Pictureto-Pinyin (mouth motion pictures to pronunciations) and the recognition of Pinyin-to-Hanzi (pronunciations to texts) respectively, before having a jointly optimization to improve the overall performance. In addition, two modules in the Pinyin-to-Hanzi model are pre-trained separately with large auxiliary data in advance of sequence-to-sequence training to make the best of long sequence matches for avoiding ambiguity. We collect 6-month daily news broadcasts from China Central Television (CCTV) website, and semi-automatically label them into a 20.95 GB dataset with 20,495 natural Chinese sentences. When trained on the CCTV dataset, the LipCH-Net model outperforms the performance of all stateof-the-art lip reading frameworks. According to the results, our scheme not only accelerates training and reduces overfitting, but also overcomes syntactic ambiguity of Chinese which provides a baseline for future relevant work.
Chemical Inventory for Wilhelm Lab 624 v1
Authors: W Wilhelm Steven , Lecleir Gary
Published: August 2019

This document serves as a reference for chemicals used and stored in room 624 in the Science and Engineering Building at The University of Tennessee. For more information, contact Steven Wilhelm or Gary LeCleir.
Los orígenes del capitalismo en la Inglaterra medieval
Authors: Dyer Cristopher
Published: August 2019

Hubo importantes cambios hacia una organización capitalista de la economía en Inglaterra en la baja edad media, tanto por el crecimiento del comercio en el siglo XIII como por la reestructuración de la gestión y la tenencia de la tierra en el siglo XV. Los elementos clave no estuvieron en los miembros de la "gentry", que han sido considerados importantes debido a la expropiación de los campesinos y a los cercamiento de tierras, sino que estuvieron entre los propios campesinos. Se beneficiaron de las oportunidades comerciales antes de 1350, pero fueron impulsados a un papel decisivo por las crisis de la Baja Edad Media.
Drug utilisation study in surgery outpatient department at Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari, Solapur
Authors: Bhalerao Pramod P. , Waghmare Chandrakant S.
Published: August 2019

Background: Drug utilization studies should be regularly conducted to increase therapeutic efficacy, decrease adverse effects and provide feedback to prescribers to promote the rational use of drugs. Systematic audit of prescriptions in Surgery Outpatient Department are very few in India. This study was conducted to study drug prescription pattern in Surgery Outpatient Department (OPD) in Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari.Methods: Six hundred prescriptions were screened and analyzed as per the study parameters at Surgery OPD of Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari. Study parameters like demographic profile of the patient like age, sex and diagnosis were recorded. Also groups of drugs commonly prescribed, number of drugs per patient, drug profile and drawbacks of prescription if any were recorded and analyzed. The percentage of the drugs prescribed by generic names and from the essential drug list was calculated.Results: Most common group of drugs prescribed by physicians were drugs for peptic ulcer (27.26%), followed by antimicrobials (20.89%). The average number of drugs prescribed per patient was 2.98. Drug prescription by generic name was low (8.82%). The incidence of polypharmacy was common occurrence and some prescriptions had small drawbacks like absence of diagnosis, absence of doctor’s signature, absence of patient age etc.Conclusions: Prescribing by generic name and from the essential drug lists should be encouraged. Training sessions on the correct method of writing prescriptions are needed.
Gentrificação em Fernando de Noronha
Authors: De Oliveira Davi Pinheiro , Marquesan Fábio Freitas Schilling
Published: August 2019

A gentrificação é um processo que provoca desapropriações, aumento do preço dos aluguéis e dos custos de vida, diminuição na quantidade de moradias com preço acessível, crescimento dos moradores de rua e de conflitos urbanos. A gentrificação não é mais um fenômeno exclusivo das grandes metrópoles de países desenvolvidos e avançou nas últimas duas décadas sobre as economias menos pujantes com a mesma agressividade apresentada nos países onde a teoria teve origem (nomeadamente, europeus e Estados Unidos). Tomando como pressuposto a ideia de que está ocorrendo um processo de gentrificação na Ilha de Fernando de Noronha/ PE, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar o processo de gentrificação na ilha por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativabásica. A gentrificação em Fernando de Noronha se mostra única e com particularidades que derivam da sua economia com base no turismo e por ser uma unidade de conservação.
Olhares sobre Ouro Preto: da patrimonialização ao cenário turístico
Authors: Assumpção Ana Laura , Castral Paulo César
Published: August 2019

Ouro Preto, que se conhece hoje, foi adquirindo importância ao longo da história do Brasil. A imagem de cidade tomou proporções que extrapolam o âmbito histórico-social, tomando o cenário turístico como o grande enfoque. Dentro desse percurso há dois acontecimentos que merecem destaque aqui: ter sido o palco das discussões acerca do caráter nacional brasileiro, iniciado no começo do século XX com os modernistas, e também ter se evidenciado pela formação do turismo, consolidado a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Diante disso, a intenção do presente estudo foi analisar as mudanças ocorridas nas representações de Ouro Preto nesses dois momentos. Para o primeiro período, foram escolhidas as pinturas do artista Guignard e os desenhos doGuia de Ouro Preto de Manuel Bandeira, e, para o segundo, as fotografias presentes no Guia Turístico de 2014 e as fotografias compartilhadas por turistas na rede social Instagram com a hashtag Ouro Preto. Essa análise permitiu comparar o quanto a imagem de Ouro Preto se modificou, como foi e é intensa a incorporação da cidade como produto de mercado e o quanto as representações da cidade seguem as transformações histórico-políticas.
Impactos das mudanças climáticas no sistema turístico: o caso brasileiro
Authors: Grimm Isabel Jurema
Published: August 2019

Mudanças climáticas se manifestam em diversas escalas de tempo e em parâmetros, como precipitações e temperatura, e têm suas causas em eventos naturais. Entretanto, no centro do debate está o comportamento humano que, por meio de diversas atividades provenientes principalmente da industrialização, contribui para o aquecimento global. Com papel relevante, o turismo é um setor afetado pelos efeitos das mudanças do clima, mas que também contribui com parte importante nas emissões de gases de efeito estufa, tendo em vista sua logística (transporte de passageiros) e infraestrutura (alojamento, alimentação e lazer). Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar, no cenário brasileiro, quais os impactos das mudanças climáticas para o desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo. Metodologicamente, trata-se de pesquisa descritiva-analítica de viés qualitativo. A coleta de dados com base bibliográfica e documental contou também com entrevistas com especialistas nas áreas de turismo e mudanças do clima. Como resultados, tem-se a construção de cenários que mostram possíveis impactos e consequências das mudanças climáticas no sistema turístico brasileiro.
Editorial
Authors: Botelho Eloise
Published: August 2019

Editorial
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Tanık Veysel Ozan , Çınar Tufan , Velibey Yalçın , Öz Ahmet , Kalenderoğlu Koray , Gümüşdağ Ayça , Aruğaslan Emre , Keskin Muhammed , Eren Mehmet
Published: August 2019

Background: Development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated via primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is a marker of inflammation, has been demonstrated to be associated with the development of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in many studies. From this point of view, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the NLR as regards the occurrence of CI-AKI in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.
Methods: This study was conducted at Dr. Siyami Ersek Training and Research Hospital from May 2008 to June 2016. A total of 2000 patients with STEMI treated via primary PCI were enrolled in the study. The NLR was calculated as the ratio of the number of neutrophils to the number of lymphocytes. All venous blood samples were obtained within 8 hours after admission. CI-AKI was the primary end point of the study. Then, the relationship between CI-AKI and the NLR was assessed.
Results: CI-AKI was detected in 148 (7.4%) patients. The patients who developed CI-AKI had a significantly higher NLR than those who did not (7.08±4.43 vs. 6.18±3.98; P=0.011). In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, the NLR remained a significant independent predictor of CI-AKI (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.21–2.61, and P=0.003).
Conclusion: The NLR may be a significant independent predictor of CI-AKI in patients with STEMI treated via primary PCI and higher NLR values could be independently associated with a greater risk for CI-AKI.
 
J Teh Univ Heart Ctr 2019;14(2):59-66
 
This paper should be cited as: Tanık VO, Çınar T, Velibey Y, Öz A, Kalenderoğlu K, Gümüşdağ A, Aruğaslan E, Keskin M, Eren M. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.  J Teh Univ Heart Ctr 2019;14(2):59-66.
Analisis Teori Perkembangan Kognitif Piaget pada Tahap Anak Usia Operasional Konkret 7-12 Tahun dalam Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Juwantara Ridho Agung
Published: August 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji lebih jauh tentang teori yang dikembangkan oleh Jean Piaget terhadap pembelajaran matematika sesuai tingkat berfikir anak pada tahap usia operaional konkret (7-12 tahun). Alat yang digunakan dalam  penelitian ini terdiri dari peneliti sebagai instrumen utama. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu buku, jurnal, artikel, dan karya ilmiah lainnya. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan content analysis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan kognitif anak pada tahap usia operasional konkret (7-12 tahun) dalam pembelajaran matematika ini berbeda-beda hampir pada setiap tahap usianya. Selain tingkat pemahaman siswa yang berbeda-beda, model dan metode serta penanganan yang digunakan juga sangat bervariatif tergantung dengan fase usianya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi landasan guru dalam mengajar sehingga pembelajaran menjadi lebih efektif, efisien, dan tepat sasaran. Terlebih dapat mendorong tercapainya tujuan pendidikan nasional.
Kaotik Harita Temelli Ağaç Tohum Algoritması
Authors: Durmuş Burhanettin
Published: August 2019

Kaotik
haritalama tekniklerinin sezgisel algoritmalarda rastgele sayı üreteci olarak
kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşan bir konudur. Geniş bir spekturuma sahip bu
haritalama teknikler, sezgisel algoritmaların rastgele seçimlerindeki
çeşitliliği arttırarak performans artışı sağlamaktadırlar. Ağaç tohum
algoritması (TSA), son dönemde önerilmiş popülasyon temelli sezgisel
algoritmalardan biridir. Doğadaki ağaç ve tohum gelişimini ilham alan bu
algoritma, hesapsal süreci boyunca rastgele sayı dizilerini kullanan işlem
basamaklarına sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, kaotik haritalama kullanılarak TSA ‘nın
performansında iyileştirmeye odaklanılmıştır. Beş farklı kaotik harita temelli
TSA (CTSA) metodu geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen metotların performansları 24
adet test fonksiyonu üzerinden karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar,
kaotik haritalamanın TSA’nın yakınsama ve lokal optimumdan kaçış performansına
katkı sağladığını göstermektedir.
Edge Detection Using Integrate and Fire Neuron
Authors: İncetaş Mürsel Ozan , Uzun Arslan Rukiye
Published: August 2019

Edge
detection is one of the most basic stages of image processing and have been
used in many areas. Its purpose is to determine the pixels formed the objects.
Many researchers have aimed to determine objects' edges correctly, like as they
are determined by the human eye. In this study, a new edge detection technique
based on spiking neural network is proposed. The proposed model has a different
receptor structure than the ones found in literature and also does not use gray
level values of the pixels in the receptive field directly. Instead, it takes
the gray level differences between the pixel in the center of the receptive
field and others as input. The model is tested by using BSDS train dataset.
Besides, the obtained results are compared with the results calculated by Canny
edge detection method.
PERBEDAAN TINGKAT KECUKUPAN ENERGI DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK PADA REMAJA DOWN SYNDROME OVERWEIGHT DAN NONOVERWEIGHT
[Comparison of Energy Adequacy Level and Physical Activity of Overweight and NonOverweight Adolescence with Down Syndrome]

Authors: Fauziyah Diana Rizqi , Wirjatmadi R. Bambang
Published: August 2019

Overweight and obesity are nutritional problems that are often found in adolescence and early adulthood who experience down syndrome. The purpose of this research was to compare the energy adequacy level and physical activity of overweight and non-overweight adolescene with down syndrome. This research used case control study design. Collected data included antropomethry data, energy intake with 2x24 hours food recall, and pyhsical activity with physical activity questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney test. This research showed that adolescents with down syndrome tend to had low energy intake and activity level. There was no signifi cant difference in evergy adequacy level (p value=0.571) and physical activity level in both groups (p value=0.182).
IMPLEMENTASI GERAKAN 1000 HARI PERTAMA KEHIDUPAN DI KABUPATEN PASAMAN 2017
[Implementation of The First 1000 Days of Life Movement in Pasaman Regancy 2017]

Authors: Nefy Nesra , Lipoeto Nur Indrawati , Edison Edison
Published: August 2019

The fi rst 1000 days of life movement, is an effort to support the commitment to accelerate nutrition improvement plan action since pregnancy until the age of 2 years. Considering the high number of nutritional problems in the last 3 years, namely stunting, wasting, low birth weight, and anemia in pregnancy, we should reevaluate the implementation of The First 1000 Days of Life Movement in Kabupaten Pasaman. The aim of this research was to describe the input, process, and output. This study was a qualitative research, with problems the fi rst 1000 days movement indepth interview, document review, and observatio. There were 19 informants. The result of the study for the input aspect was there was no written regulation, no vision and mission, no program objectives, no commitment, and there was lack in human resources and infrastructures. The result from the process aspect of the movement is specifi c and sensitive intervention, and the result from the output aspect was there were still a couple of program objectives has not yet been achieved. The conclusion of this research is, there is still no written regulation and no optimization of multi sector involvement in the 1000 HPK movement, and there is also the lack of human resources and infrastructure. Specifi c and sensitive interventions have been done but there is still lack of monitoring and evaluation. The suggestion that can be proposed for Health Ministry as the leading sector that can promote the formation of regulation and commitment to The First 1000 Days of Life Movement.
Peralihan Hak Milik Tanah Waris Dalam Hukum Islam
Authors: Nimah Siti Maghfirotun
Published: August 2019

Peralihan hak milik tanah waris dapat terjadi karena pewarisan yang di dasari tanpa wasiat dan/atau dengan adanya sebuah perbuatan hukum pemindahan hak. Pewarisan yang di dasari tanpa wasiat dapat dimaknai sebagai berpindahnya hak atas tanah dari pemegang hak kepada pihak lain karena pemegang haknya meninggal dunia. Hal tersebut biasa disebut dengan pewarisan. Harta warisan sebagaimana disebutkan dalam Pasal 171 huruf (e) Kompilasi Hukum Islam yakni harta warisan merupakan harta bawaan ditambah bagian dari harta bersama setelah digunakan untuk keperluan pewaris selama sakit sampai meninggalnya, biaya pengurusan jenazah (tajhiz), pembayaran utang serta pemberian untuk kerabat. Isu yang dibahas pada tulisan ini adalah terkait keabsahan peralihan hak milik atas tanah akibat pewarisan dalam hukum Islam dan Akibat Hukumnya penulisan jurnal ini tergolong sebegai penelitian hukum yang bersifat normatif untuk menemukan aturan hukum, prinsip hukum maupun doktrin hukum yang relevan serta menggunakan pendekatan Undang-Undang (Statute Approach), pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan studi kasus (case study).
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN STRATEGI PETA KONSEP TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA SMP NEGERI 9 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Isra Muhammad , An’nur Syubhan , Hartini Sri
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh permasalahan dari siswa kelas IX SMPNegeri 9 Banjarmasin yang masih kesulitan dalam memperoleh nilai UTS diatas KKM.Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya strategi pembelajaran yang dapat membantu siswamenentukan hal-hal penting dalam pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitianuntuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan strategi peta konsep terhadap hasil belajarfisika siswa di SMP Negeri 9 Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitianeksperimen kuasi dengan desain nonequivalent group pretest-posttest. Teknikpengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Sampel penelitianini adalah kelas IX D dan kelas IX G. Data penelitian diperoleh dari LKS dan THB yangdianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan nilai korelasi sebesar0,992. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan strategi peta konsep berpengaruh positifterhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa.
Energy Conversion Monitoring in Skin Tissue: A More Sensitive Measure of Hypoxia Occurring With Sleep Disordered Breathing Than Pulse Oximetry
Authors: Hatch Guy M. , Ashbrook Liza , Prather Aric A. , Krystal Andrew D.
Published: August 2019

Pulse oximetry is the current standard for detecting drops in arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) associated with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea events in polysomnographic (PSG) testing. In cases of hypoxic challenge, such as occurs during apneic events, regulatory mechanisms restrict blood flow to the skin to preferentially maintain SpO2 for more vital organs. As a result, a measure related to skin tissue oxygenation is likely to be more sensitive to inadequate breathing during sleep than pulse oximetry. Energy Conversion Monitoring (ECM) provides a method for measuring skin tissue oxygen-dependent energy conversion and, as such, is promising for more sensitively detecting sleep disordered breathing (SDB) events compared to pulse oximetry. We hypothesized that ECM would detect hypoxia occurring with SDB events associated with drops in SpO2 but also would detect hypoxic challenge occurring with SDB events not associated with drops in SpO2 (hypopneas defined by a drop in nasal pressure occurring in conjunction with an arousal, respiratory-related arousals, and primary snoring). Primary snoring is of particular interest with respect to the potential of ECM because it is statistically associated with co-morbidities of SDB, such as hypertension, but is not considered pathological because of the lack of a proximal measure of pathology occurring with PSG. In this article we review ECM technology and methodology, present preliminary data indicating that it detects hypoxia occurring in the skin during SDB events that is not detected as blood desaturation by pulse oximetry, and make the case that it is a promising tool for identifying pathology occurring at the mild end of the SDB spectrum.
Building Energy Information: Demand and Consumption Prediction with Machine Learning Models for Sustainable and Smart Cities
Authors: Faizollahzadeh ardabili Sina , Mosavi Amir , R. Várkonyi-Kóczy Annamária
Published: August 2019

Building energy consumption plays an essential role in urban sustainability. The prediction of the energy demand is also of particular importance for developing smart cities and urban planning. Machine learning has recently contributed to the advancement of methods and technologies to predict demand and consumption for building energy systems. This paper presents a state of the art of machine learning models and evaluates the performance of these models. Through a systematic review and a comprehensive taxonomy, the advances of machine learning are carefully investigated and promising models are introduced.
Determination of Ambulance Abuse Level
Authors: Şahinöz Turgut , Çavuş Kadir , Şahinöz Saime , Turan Melikşah
Published: August 2019

Emergency Health Services refers to the urgent care. Ambulance abuse threaten the provision of proper health services and at the same time it affects the country's economy negatively. It was aimed to determine ambulance abuse level. This was a retrospective cohort research. In order to carry out our study, we analyzed 12,207 cases who called to the 112 Emergency Ambulance Services between 01.01.2016 and 31.12.2016. The data of the study has been obtained from the Emergency Health Automation System of the Provincial Health Directorate. According to preliminary diagnoses, traumatic cases were found to be 19.4% and cardiovascular cases were 12%. According to the World Health Organization 32 Critical Code List 59.6% of the cases who called to the 112 Emergency Ambulance Services in 2016 were inappropriate. Ambulance abuse rate was 59.6%. The high rate of misuse of 112 emergency ambulances affects the service flow and motivation of the staff negatively and causes extra financial burden. Thereof, awareness trainings should be given to the public and task and duties of the paramedics and emergency medical technicians who work at emergency ambulances should be expanded so that the transfer of unnecessary cases should be prevented.
Roles of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Carrying HSPs in Cancer Biomarkers, Immune Surveillance, and Immune Evasion
Authors: Taha Eman , Ono Kisho , Eguchi Takanori
Published: August 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EV) released by tumor cells are a major aspect of the resistance-associated secretory phenotype (RASP), by which immune evasion can be established. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of molecular chaperones, which stabilize proteins, minimize protein misfolding and aggregation within the cell, besides facilitating protein translocation, refolding and degradation. (i) Releases of extracellular HSPs (ex-HSP) and EV-associated HSPs (EV-HSP) are essential in RASP, by which molecular cotransfer of HSPs with oncogenic factors into recipient cells can promote cancer progression and resistance against stress such as hypoxia, radiation, chemicals, and immune system. (ii) RASP of tumor cells can eject anticancer drugs, molecularly targeted therapeutics, and immune checkpoint inhibitors with EVs. (iii) Cytotoxic lipids can be also released from tumor cells as RASP. Nevertheless, ex-HSP and EV-HSP can play immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive roles by binding to receptors such as LRP1/CD91/A2MR, scavenger receptors, and toll-like receptors expressed on recipient cells. Liquid biopsy of HSPs in body fluids may be useful in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in cancer. Regarding HSP90-targeted therapeutics, we summarize the pros, cons, and problem solutions in this review. Although production of HSPs are canonically induced by heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), recent studies discovered that production of HSPs is also regulated by matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and production of cochaperone CDC37 is reciprocally regulated by myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) and SCAN-D1.
General Anesthetic Agents and Renal Function after Nephrectomy
Authors: Lee Ho-Jin , Bae Jinyoung , Kwon Yongsuk , Jang Hwan Suk , Yoo Seokha , Jeong Chang Wook , Kim Jin-Tae , Kim Won Ho
Published: August 2019

The association between the choice of general anesthetic agents and the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and long-term renal function after nephrectomy has not yet been evaluated. We reviewed 1087 cases of partial or radical nephrectomy. The incidence of postoperative AKI, new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3a and CKD upstaging were compared between different general anesthetic agent groups: propofol, sevoflurane, and desflurane. Four different propensity score analyses were performed to minimize confounding for each pair of comparison (propofol vs sevoflurane; propofol vs desflurane; sevoflurane vs desflurane; propofol vs volatile agents). Study outcomes were compared before and after matching. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis was performed to compare renal survival determined by the development of CKD stage 3a between groups up to 36 months after nephrectomy before and after matching. Propofol was associated with a lower incidence of AKI, CKD upstaging and a higher three-year renal survival after nephrectomy compared to sevoflurane or desflurane group after matching (AKI: propofol 23.2% vs. sevoflurane 39.5%, P=0.004, vs. desflurane 34.3%, P=0.031; CKD upstaging: propofol 27.2% vs. sevoflurane 58.4%, P<0.001, vs. desflurane 48.6%, P=0.017; Log-rank test propofol vs. sevoflurane P<0.001, vs. desflurane P=0.015). Propofol was also associated with a lower incidence of new-onset CKD after nephrectomy compared to sevoflurane after matching (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences between sevoflurane and desflurane. In conclusion, propofol, compared to volatile agents, may be the reasonable choice of general anesthetic agent for nephrectomy to attenuate postoperative renal dysfunction. Randomized prospective trials are warranted to test this hypothesis.
The Expression and Prognostic Role of Peroxiredoxins in Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Ben , Zhang Bo , Wu Qiong , Chen Xinming , Cao Xiang , Xue Qun
Published: August 2019

Background: Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) comprise antioxidant factors that are widely found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Abnormal expression of Prxs is closely related to tumorigenesis. Methods: This study examined the prognostic value and expression of Prxs in lung cancer by Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal and Functional Enrichment Analysis Tool (FunRich) databases. Results: We found that Prx1/2/3/4/5 were overexpressed in both lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) relative to normal lung cells. However, the expression level of Prx6 was lower in LUAD and higher in LUSC than normal lung cells. The level of Prx3 and Prx6 were associated with pathological stage. Prognostic analysis showed that elevated Prx1 and Prx2 expression were correlated with low Overall Survival (OS), whereas high Prx5 and Prx6 expression level predicted high OS. Conclusions: Our results effectively revealed the level of Prxs in lung cancer and its influence on the prognosis of lung carcinoma, contributing to the study of the role of Prxs in tumorigenesis.
Generalized Extreme Value Statistics, Physical Scaling and Forecasts of Oil Production in the Bakken Shale
Authors: Saputra Wardana , Kirati Wissem , Patzek Tadeusz
Published: August 2019

We replace the current industry-standard empirical forecasts of oil production from hydrofractured horizontal wells in shales with a statistically and physically robust, accurate and precise approach, using the Bakken shale as an illustration. The proposed oil production forecasting method extends our previous work on predicting fieldwide gas production in the Barnett shale and merges it with our new scaling of oil production in shales. We first divide the existing 14,678 horizontal oil wells in the Bakken into 12 static samples in which depositional settings and completion technologies are similar. For each sample, we construct a purely data-driven P50 well prototype by merging the GEV distribution fits of oil production from appropriate well cohorts. We fit the parameters of our physics-based scaling curve to the statistical well prototypes, and obtain their smooth extrapolations to 30 years on production. By calculating the number of potential wells of each Bakken region, and scheduling future drilling programs, we stack up the extended well prototypes to achieve the most plausible forecast. We predict that Bakken will ultimately produce 5 billion barrels of oil from the existing wells, with the possible increments of 2 and 6 billion barrels from core and noncore areas.
Dynamic Partitioning Strategies for Multi-Robot Patrolling Systems
Authors: Hoshino Satoshi ,   Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Engineering, Utsunomiya University 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan, Takahashi Kazuki
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the mission for mobile patrolling robots is to detect as many incoming visitors as possible by monitoring the environment. For multi-robot mobile patrolling systems, task assignment in the common environment is one of the problems. For this problem, we use a territorial approach and partition the environment into territories. Thus, each robot is allowed to patrol a separate territory regardless of the others. In this regard, however, the workload balancing of the patrolling tasks in the territories is a challenge. For this challenge, we propose dynamic partitioning strategies focusing on visitor trends. The system transfers a part of the territory with the maximum workload to others so as to equalize the workloads. As a result, while the sizes of the territories without visitor trends increase, others with the trends decrease. Therefore, the territorial approach enables robots to intensively monitor areas in accordance with the number of the visitors. This is the main contribution of this paper. Simulation experiments show that the patrolling robots successfully detect visitors through workload balancing.
Omnidirectional Mobility Following Through Trochoidal Trajectory
Authors: Maeda Taro ,   Osaka University 1-4 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Ando Hideyuki
Published: August 2019

The trochoid is a geometrically complete solution for realizing omnidirectional mobility with a rotating mechanism. The proposed mechanism is implemented as a novel omnidirectional vehicle with following a geometrically complete trochoidal trajectory. Because the mechanism has a large camber angle, it has an improved ability to travel past rough terrain as compared to a regular vehicle with regular wheels. In this paper, a complete mechanical control using link mechanism to generate not only the steering angle and camber angle for an ideal trochoidal wave but also the angular velocity of the wheel axis is proposed.
Set-Point Control of a Musculoskeletal System Under Gravity by a Combination of Feed-Forward and Feedback Manners Considering Output Limitation of Muscular Forces
Authors: Matsutani Yuki , Tahara Kenji , Kino Hitoshi ,   Department of Robotics, Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University 1 Takaya Umenobe, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto’oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan,   Department of Intelligent Mechanical Engineering, Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajirohigashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a new control method for musculoskeletal systems, which combines a feed-forward input with a feedback input, while considering an output limit. Our previous research proposed a set-point control that used a complementary combination of feedback using a time delay and a muscular internal force feed-forward; it achieved robust and rapid positioning with relatively low muscular contraction forces. However, in that control method, the range of motion of the musculoskeletal system was limited within a horizontal plane. In other words, that system did not consider the effect of gravity. The controller proposed in this paper can achieve the reaching movement of the musculoskeletal system without requiring accurate physical parameters under gravity. Moreover, the input of the proposed method can be prevented from becoming saturated with the output limit. This paper describes the design of the proposed controller and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method based on the results of numerical simulations.
Clonal diversity of Haemophilus Influenzae carriage isolated from under the age of 3 years children
Authors: Shooraj Fahimeh , Mirzaei Bahman , Mousavi Seyed Fazlollah , Hosseini Farzaneh
Published: August 2019

Objectives: Pharyngeal carriers such as H. influenzae seem to constitute the only reservoir and probably the only transmission vehicle of the invasive disease. Due to lack of information about nasopharyngeal isolation rate, epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of H. influenzae isolate from carries were assigned as main goals. Sampling was carried out as nasopharynx swabs among children less than 6 years old volunteers. After traditional biochemical tests, isolates were confirmed by targeting omp6 sequence. Following the susceptibility tests, genomic diversity of strains was analyzed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis procedure
Results: Out of 328 nasopharynx swabs, 73 strains were identified as H. influenzae. Susceptibility testing showed that levofloxacin is the most effective antibiotic against and the least effect belonged to tetracycline. Resistance to chloramphenicol (42.2%) and ampicillin (43.3%) was also observed. By genomic analysis of selected H. influenza, 28 PFGE patterns were achieved among which 11 patterns included at least 2 strains. All strains clustered into 25 different clones. The dendrogram analysis of the isolated H. influenzae strains showed that some of these strains had a clonal relationship and common genetic origin. According to our results, antibiotic resistance didn’t show any significant correlation with the clonality of strains.
Reduction of corticosteroid use in outpatient treatment of exacerbated COPD – Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority study (The “RECUT”-Trial)
Authors: Urwyler Pascal , Boesing Maria , Abig Kristin , Cattaneo Marco , Dieterle Thomas , Zeller Andreas , Bachler Herbert , Markun Stefan , Senn Oliver , Merlo Christoph , Essig Stefan , Ullmer Elke , Leuppi Joerg Daniel
Published: August 2019

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health issue affecting approximately four to seven percent of the Swiss population. According to current inpatient guidelines, systemic corticosteroids are important in the treatment of acute COPD exacerbations and should be given for five to seven days. Several studies suggest that corticosteroids accelerate the recovery of the FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second), enhance oxygenation, decrease duration of hospitalization and improve clinical outcome. However, the additional therapeutic benefit on FEV1 recovery appears to be most apparent in the first three to five days. No data are available on the minimal necessary corticosteroid dose and treatment duration in primary care patients with acute COPD exacerbations. Given that many COPD patients are treated on an outpatient basis, there is an urgent need to improve evidence about COPD management in this setting. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a three-day treatment with orally administered corticosteroids is non-inferior to a five-day treatment in acute exacerbations of COPD in a primary care setting. Methods The proposed study is a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted in a primary care setting, including an anticipated number of 470 patients with acutely exacerbated COPD. Participants are randomised to receive systemic corticosteroid treatment of 40 mg prednisone daily for five days (conventional arm, n = 235), or for three days, followed by two days of placebo (experimental arm, n = 235). Antibiotic treatment for seven days is given to all patients with CRP ≥ 50 mg/l, known diagnosis of bronchiectasis, or presenting with Anthonisen Type-I exacerbation. Additional treatment after inclusion is left at the discretion of the treating general practitioner. Follow-up visits are performed on days three and seven by the treating general practitioners, followed by telephone interviews on days 30, 90 and 180 after inclusion into the study. Primary endpoint is the time to next exacerbation during a six-months follow-up period, which includes re-exacerbation during index exacerbation. Discussion This study is designed to assess whether a three-day course of corticosteroid treatment is not inferior to the current conventional five-day treatment course in outpatients with exacerbated COPD regarding time to next exacerbation. Depending on the results, this trial might lead to a further reduction of cumulative corticosteroid dose in COPD patients.
Assessment of interventions in Primary Health Care for improved maternal, new-born and child health in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Ntoimo Lorretta favour , Okonofua Friday Ebhodaghe , Adejumo Oludamilola , Imongan Wilson , Ogu Rosemary , Anjorin Seun
Published: August 2019

Primary health care (PHC) holds great potential to improve maternal, new-born and child health (MNCH) outcomes. Meanwhile, there has been limited documentation of its effect on increasing universal access to maternal, new-born and child health services in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, not adequately known are the most effective interventions to improve the delivery of PHC services in the region. We conducted a systematic review of empirical evidence and interventions at the primary health care level for effective delivery of MNCH care in sub-Saharan Africa. Using terms related to primary health care and MNCH, we searched African Journals Online (AJOL), PubMed/Medline, Popline, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, WHO Repository (IRIS), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Cochrane Library and reference lists for studies published in English between 2000 and 2017. Studies were included in the search if they reported interventions, and strategies implemented to improve quality and access to primary health care for maternal, new-born and child health in sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 25 studies were included in the review. Effective interventions included financial incentives, task-shifting, community-directed engagements, training of providers, mobile health, cost-sharing and supportive supervision among others. The results documented in these studies indicate that effective delivery of primary health care will significantly improve maternal, new-born and child health in sub-Saharan Africa. However, strategies to scale and sustain the successes need to be in place. The protocol was registered on Prospero (Registration number CRD42019126029).