bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cranial anatomy of Emeroleter levis and the phylogeny of Nycteroleteridae
Authors: Bazzana-Adams Kayla D. , MacDougall Mark J. , Fröbisch Jörg
Published: April 2024

Among the diverse basal reptile clade Parareptilia, the nycteroleters are among the most poorly understood. The interrelationships of nycteroleters are contentious, being recovered as both monophyletic and paraphyletic in different analyses, yet their anatomy has received little attention. We utilized x-ray computed tomography to investigate the skull of the nycteroleterid Emeroleter levis, revealing aspects of both the external and internal cranial anatomy that were previously unknown or undescribed, especially relating to the palate, braincase, and mandible. Our results reveal a greater diversity in nycteroleter cranial anatomy than was previously recognized, including variation in the contribution of the palatal elements to the orbitonasal ridge among nycteroleters. Of particular note are the unique dentition patterns in Emeroleter, including the presence of dentition on the ectopterygoid, an element which is typically edentulous in most parareptiles. We then incorporate the novel information gained from the computed tomography analysis into an updated phylogenetic analysis of parareptiles, producing a fully resolved Nycteroleteridae and further supporting previous suggestions that the genus ‘Bashkyroleter’ is paraphyletic.
CT findings and clinical effects of high grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms
Authors: Kim Min Cheol , Kim Jung Hoon , Jeon Sun Kyung , Kang Hyo-Jin
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To investigate the common CT findings of high-grade (HG) PanIN and clinical effects in the remnant pancreas in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas.

Materials and methods

Two hundred fifty-one patients with surgically confirmed IPMNs (118 malignant [invasive carcinoma/high-grade dysplasia] and 133 benign [low-grade dysplasia]) were retrospectively enrolled. The grade of PanIN (233 absent/low-grade and 18 high-grade) was recorded, and all patients underwent serial CT follow-up before and after surgery. Two radiologists analyzed CT findings of high-risk stigmata or worrisome features according to 2017 international consensus guidelines. They also analyzed tumor recurrence on serial follow-up CT after surgery. Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant predictors and clinical impact on postoperative outcomes of HG PanIN.

Results

PanIN grade showed a significant association with IPMN grade (p = 0.012). Enhancing mural nodules ≥5 mm, abrupt main pancreatic duct (MPD) changes with distal pancreatic atrophy, increased mural nodule size and MPD diameter were common findings in HG PanIN (P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, abrupt MPD change with distal pancreatic atrophy (odds ratio (OR) 6.59, 95% CI: 2.32–18.72, <0.001) and mural nodule size (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.08, 0.004) were important predictors for HG PanIN. During postoperative follow-up, HG PanIN (OR, 4.98; 95% CI, 1.22–20.33, 0.025) was significantly associated with cancer recurrence in the remnant pancreas.

Conclusion

CT can be useful for predicting HG PanIN using common features, such as abrupt MPD changes and mural nodules. In HG PanIN, extra caution is needed to monitor postoperative recurrence during follow-up.
How does analyst coverage influence corporate social responsibility (CSR)? The governance- and information-based perspectives
Authors: Liu Yan , Du Xiuhong
Published: April 2024

Based on a sample of Chinese public manufacturing firms, this study empirically investigates whether and how analyst coverage drives corporate social responsibility (CSR) under different governance or information conditions. The results show that firms with greater analyst coverage take more social responsibility, representing magnified concerns and better CSR visibility for legitimacy and reputation. This relationship could be strengthened under high governance condition (high institutional ownership ratio, none CEO duality, low executive ownership) or low information situation (high earnings management and low accounting conservatism). These findings provide new evidence of information-based mechanism underlying the promotions of CSR in imperfect information environments.
Association of mental health related quality of life and other factors with treatment seeking for substance use disorders: A comparison of SUDs rooted in legal, partially legal, and illegal substances
Authors: Havlik John L. , Rhee Taeho G. , Rosenheck Robert A.
Published: April 2024

The association of subjective mental health-related quality of life (MHRQOL) and treatment use among people experiencing common substance use disorders (SUDs) is not known. Furthermore, the association of a given substance’s legal status with treatment use has not been studied. This work aims determine the association of MHRQOL with SUD treatment use, and how substance legal status modulates this relationship. Our analysis used nationally-representative data from the NESARC-III database of those experiencing past-year SUDs (n = 5,808) to compare rates of treatment use and its correlates among three groups: those with illicit substance use disorders (ISUDs); those with partially legal substance use disorders, i.e., cannabis use disorder (CUD); and those with fully legal substance use disorders, i.e., alcohol use disorder (AUD). Survey-weighted multiple regression analysis was used to assess the association of MHRQOL with likelihood of treatment use among these three groups, both unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and diagnostic factors. Adults with past-year ISUDs were significantly more likely to use treatment than those with CUD and AUD. Among those with ISUDs, MHRQOL had no significant association with likelihood of treatment use. Those with past-year CUD saw significant negative association of MHRQOL with treatment use in unadjusted analysis, but not after controlling for diagnostic and other behavioral health factors. Those with past-year AUD had significant negative association of MHRQOL with treatment use in both unadjusted and adjusted analysis. If legalization and decriminalization continue, there may be a greater need for effective public education and harm reduction services to address this changing SUD landscape.
Some thoughts at the start of a new year
Authors: Cassidy Margaret
Published: April 2024

This editorial of the first issue of 2024 looks back on 2023 and then reflects on the upcoming events in the Media Ecology Association that are also important to Explorations in Media Ecology (EME). It reaffirms the relevance of media ecology to important conversations about contemporary challenges.
High highs, low lows: Artists and anti-environments in the twenty-first century
Authors: Gustafson Erik
Published: April 2024

From antiquity to contemporary times, artists have served as society’s defence against unbridled technological adoption. As stressed by Marshall McLuhan, artists are those individuals who aid society in understanding the conditions of our time. In literate times the poet and the painter assumed such responsibilities, but in the digital era the artist becomes something altogether different. McLuhan defined the artists broadly as an individual in any field who was able to provide insightful information into the human actions and consciousness of their time. Similarly, Paglia argued analysts must combine ‘high with popular art, the noble with the sleazy’ (1991: 34). Thus, we are left with two pressing questions: who are the artists of the millennium? Can they still save us? The following article sought to trace who we should be considered artists in the twenty-first century and exactly what they have accomplished, or failed to accomplish, in making society aware of shifting sense ratios. Though might bemoan the obsolescence of authenticity and aura in art, Paglia astutely points out the ‘popular culture reclaims what high culture shuts out’ (1991: 34). Therefore, a survey of both high and popular art will probe the abilities and limits of artists and their art to make society aware of the effects of technological change.
Micro poems
Authors: Priest Robert
Published: April 2024

Poet Robert Priest presents a selection of what he calls ‘meme-splices’, or micro poems, which he composes through free association originating in brief phrases.
The Genes of Culture: Towards a Theory of Symbols, Meaning, and Media, Caroline Wiebe and Susan Maushart (eds), Christine L. Nystrom (2021–22)
Authors: Rose Phil
Published: April 2024

Review of: The Genes of Culture: Towards a Theory of Symbols, Meaning, and Media, Vols 1&2, Caroline Wiebe and Susan Maushart (eds), Christine L. Nystrom (2021–22)

New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc., 402 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-4331-7660-9, h/bk

ISBN 978-1-4331-8261-7, h/bk
Ærotomania: The Book of Lumenations, Adeena Karasick (2023)
Authors: Hicks Steven
Published: April 2024

Review of: Ærotomania: The Book of Lumenations, Adeena Karasick (2023)

New Orleans, LA: Lavender Ink, 106 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-95692-112-0, p/bk, $25.95

 

Ouvert, Oeuvre: Openings & Touching in the Wake of the Virus, Adeena Karasick (2023)

New Orleans, LA: Lavender Ink, 96 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-95692-113-7, h/bk, $28.95
B(l)ending research methods: Reimagining a theoretical turn in fashion scholarship
Authors: Tse Tommy , Semerene Diego , Kurkdjian Sophie
Published: April 2024

Aiming to disrupt the way fashion studies is developed – often from a Eurocentric approach and within rigid disciplinary, methodological and social boundaries – this Special Issue invites different scholars to present their own way of studying and exploring fashion, but also to make their familiar methods strange, re-assessing what fashion means and what it means to do fashion research in the first place. Promoting an interdisciplinary dialogue, the articles in this Special Issue show how fashion studies would benefit from ‘bending’ existing methodological boundaries and blending cross-disciplinary methodologies, conceptual orientations, objects, ideas, forms, subjects and questions in their epistemological approach. We hope that the curation, organization and general assemblage of the texts give rise to the intellectual alchemy of unpredictable encounters: conversations, clashes and contradictions. From article to article, readers will encounter different ways of doing research on and through fashion and be inspired to imagine more divergent epistemologies of fashion.
Fashion as a cultural analysis object
Authors: Baronian Marie-Aude
Published: April 2024

I reflect upon working on diverse fashion(-related) cases in the context of the Amsterdam School for Cultural Analysis. Drawing on Mieke Bal’s understanding of cultural analysis (characterized by interdisciplinarity, among others), I refer to some fashion and material objects I have looked at (e.g. a contemporary video by a Dutch designer, a wardrobe-suitcase of 1919 or the pandemic mask), while insisting on considering them as theoretical objects through the practice of clothes-reading. Rather than establishing programmatic grids to study fashion, I share my observations and interrogations on working with and through fashion. What follows resembles an ongoing inventory of my fashion interests, aspirations and inspirations as well as choices and doubts that altogether echo the performative gesture of research.
imbróglios da prestação regionalizada de serviços públicos de saneamento básico dos pequenos e médios municípios das Bacias dos Rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí (PCJ), São Paulo
Authors: Inácio da Silva Elisa , De Carvalho Teixeira Branco Filho Thelmo , Malheiros Tadeu Fabrício
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo advém de um relatório final de pesquisa de Iniciação Científica,  oriundo da parceria entre a Universidade de São Paulo, a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, o Convênio de Pesquisa Aplicada - firmado entre a FUSP/EESC/USP - e o Consórcio Intermunicipal das Bacias dos Rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí (PCJ). Sendo o relato conclusivo do projeto de pesquisa, sua pertinência decorre da evidente notoriedade da temática do Saneamento Básico no Brasil com as recentes legislações que tem buscado pela universalização desse conjunto de serviços tão renegados ao longo da história do país. Com isso, o texto propôs-se ao estudo, por meio de uma análise comparativa, da situação dos pequenos e médios municípios inseridos na Bacia dos Rios Piracicaba, Jundiaí e Capivari, frente à Lei de Regionalização dos Serviços de Abastecimento de Água e Esgotamento Sanitário. Com esse intuito, foi realizada pesquisa do tipo análise comparativa, organizando e interpretando dados dos pequenos e dos médios municípios que compõem, por intermédio da coleta de dados e da revisão de literatura. Como resultado, observou-se que os municípios estudados se encontram em situação de precariedade, principalmente, em relação a efetividade de ações públicas que visem, de fato, à universalização do saneamento básico aos seus cidadãos.
Living with Machines: Computational Histories of the Age of Industry
Authors: Ahnert Ruth , Griffin Emma , Lawrence Jon
Published: April 2024

'Living with Machines' is a data-driven history of the coming of the machine age in the long nineteenth century, arising from one of the largest interdisciplinary projects undertaken in the humanities. The world’s first industrial revolution in Britain resulted in an explosion in the creation and collection of documentary sources. This book harnesses the combined power of massive digitised historical collections – from maps and census returns to newspapers – and computational analytical tools to examine the ways in which technology altered the very fabric of human existence on a hitherto unprecedented scale. Collaboratively written, and developed through open community review, the book features an innovative open access edition enhanced with interactive maps, datasets and visualisations, digital notebooks, and multimedia content including video, audio and images. Its experimental approach uses easily reproducible methods based on open source code and linked to publicly available datasets. Historians will find in this book a wealth of accessible material illuminating the human, social and cultural consequences of this historical moment. For digital humanists, cultural heritage professionals, librarians and archivists it is a rich example of the potential and methods of making collections available for digital scholarship. At once an exploration of the extraordinary impact of technology on humanity in the age of industry and a powerful digital artefact itself, this book is an essential text at the cutting edge of digital history.
Ecological dynamics in the third space: a diffractive analysis of academic development
Authors: Kinchin Ia , Pugh Suzi
Published: April 2024

In this article, we conceptualise the maintenance and evolution of third space practice using an ecological heuristic. This considers the dynamic balance between stabilising and destabilising processes that require third space practitioners (particularly academic developers) to be active curators of this space. These processes drive the phases of the adaptive cycle as it evolves from an epistemologically singular perspective towards one that accommodates epistemological plurality. A pictorial representation of the ecological dynamics is offered as a frame to support the construction of a personal professional narrative. This provides an exemplar of reflection on practice, and highlights the need for epistemic humility within this professional arena.
The Essence of Ontology in Islamic Philosophy
Authors: Miswari Miswari
Published: April 2024

This article seeks to analyze the concept of wujūd in Islamic philosophy, including the Peripatetic (al-Ḥikmat al-Mashā’iyyat) and Illuminationist (al-Ḥikmat al-Ishrāq) schools. The study employs a discourse analysis approach, using data collected from an analysis of Islamic philosophy literature with a focus on the concept of wujūd in these two schools. The findings of the study show that despite using the same term, the concept of external reality has different meanings in different schools of Islamic philosophy. The Peripatetic school interprets wujūd as the basis of reality, but its extension varies depending on the differences in māhiyat (essence). The Illuminationist school, on the other hand, interprets wujūd as an addition to external reality, as the fundamental element is māhiyat. One of the novel contributions of this study is to highlight the sensitivity of the concept of essence in Islamic ontology, as evidenced by the different meanings of wujūd in the two schools of Islamic philosophy. However, both schools agree that wujūd is manifested as a mental reality, a predication for māhiyat. In mental reality, the fundamental element is māhiyat.
Bridging Faith and Pandemic Challenges
Authors: Arifinsyah Arifinsyah
Published: April 2024

Confronting the challenges posed by COVID-19 has given rise to a distinctive reality involving religious leaders acting as mediators, bridging the practices of devout followers with religious doctrines and government initiatives. This study explores the approaches adopted by religious leaders affiliated with the Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB) in Medan City to combat COVID-19. Employing a qualitative methodology with verstehen theory as the analytical framework, this research reveals that these leaders tackled the threats of COVID-19 by providing assistance and restructuring worship practices. Notably, their actions were guided by a commitment to community safety rather than strict adherence to religious doctrines. The prioritization of humanity over religious interests aligns with the government's efforts to address the pandemic. A noteworthy outcome is observed in communities previously marked by intolerance, as individuals, despite differing beliefs, unite in an everyday movement, fostering a culture of tolerance. Consequently, tolerance emerges as a humanitarian response catalyzed by the pandemic, underscoring its significance as a fundamental aspect of compassionate awareness during these challenging times.
Examining Ibn Sīnā’s and Suhrawardī’s Notion of the Soul
Authors: Muhammad Taufik  , Abidin Muhammad Zainal Abidin , Khairiyanto
Published: April 2024

The intricate nature of contemporary human life has placed individuals in a paradoxical position, simultaneously serving as active agents shaping societal development and passive recipients of the outcomes of this evolution. The predominant emphasis on material and intellectual pursuits has, in some instances, resulted in the neglect of the soul as a bridge to the transcendent realm, often associated with the divine. Consequently, many modern individuals find themselves disconnected from their own existence and spiritual well-being. This research aims to address the real-world challenges faced by contemporary individuals by exploring the philosophical concepts of Ibn Sīnā and Suhrawadī, which hold significant relevance to the conditions of modern society. This study, utilizing a qualitative approach and a comparative synthesis analysis model, unveils a convergence in the conceptualization of the soul between Ibn Sīnā and Suhrawardī, particularly in their efforts to curb the influence of the animalistic soul (an-nafs al-hayāwanīyah). While their methodologies differ, reflecting their respective Aristotelian and illuminationist traditions, their shared objective remains unwavering. Ibn Sīnā emphasizes the rational soul (an-nafs al-naṭiqah) through acquired reason (al-'aql al-mustafad), striving to attain divine knowledge, a goal also pursued, albeit via a different path, by Suhrawardī through ascetic practices. The pursuit of maximal rationality and the adoption of ascetic practices offer modern individuals a potent means to combat the soul-crushing emptiness often associated with spiritual and existential crises. These complementary mechanisms hold the promise of guiding contemporary individuals towards a state of self-actualization, where they are bathed in the illuminating radiance of divine knowledge and understanding.
Exploring The Gradual Islamization of Tana Toraja In South Sulawesi
Authors: Michael Anthonius , Masruri Siswanto , Husein Fatimah
Published: April 2024

The profound journey of Islam's expansion in South Sulawesi during the 15th century resulted in a gradual uptake of Islam within the Toraja region. This delayed acceptance, compared to other areas in South Sulawesi, is frequently attributed to the use of force during Islam's expansion. This perception highlights the challenge of promoting tolerance between the Muslim minority and Christian majority in the region. To understand the complexities of this phenomenon, this study seeks to explore factors beyond violence that contributed to the slow pace of Islamization. Employing a qualitative approach based in anthropology, the research delves into historical and cultural contexts. It finds that forceful Islamization efforts by figures like the Bone Kingdom, Kahar Muzakkar, and Andi Sose, actually hampered the spread of Islam due to the negative cultural impacts they created. Instead, it was the migration of Muslims to Toraja for trade that played a key role in introducing Islam to the region. Intermarriages further altered the dynamics, shifting Islamization from a conversion-focused approach to one based on family connections.  This had consequences for how Islamic communities developed, depending on the choices of second-generation Muslims. The slow pace of Islamization also influenced various aspects of social and religious life, leading the Toraja people to develop nuanced responses.  They managed change by emphasizing positive aspects of Islam while minimizing negative ones, aiming to maintain peace within their religiously diverse society.  Thus, the Toraja actively engaged in managing the evolving religious landscape, adapting their practices to maintain communal harmony.
Social Media Construction
Authors: Jubba Hasse , Fernando Henky , Larasati Yuniar Galuh , Cahyani Novita , Harni Mellysa Dwi
Published: April 2024

The proliferation of hadith dissemination on Instagram, a popular social media platform, presents a compelling avenue for exploration. This phenomenon has engendered increasingly intricate and dynamic models and characteristics of hadith disseminators. However, this development has received inadequate attention in scholarly discourse, often being overlooked. This study not only addresses the shortcomings of previous research but also delves into the question of how hadith dissemination on Instagram can shape the models and characteristics of hadith disseminators to become more contextually relevant and adaptable. To address this inquiry, this study employs a qualitative descriptive approach to examine the models and characteristics of hadith disseminators prevalent in the #hadith hashtag on Instagram. The findings not only reveal that hadith dissemination on Instagram has transcended virtual-based communication and interaction patterns but also underscore the construction of a more contextual and dynamic model and characteristics of hadith dissemination. This study additionally emphasizes the value of interviewing Instagram users to gain a more comprehensive and reflective understanding of this phenomenon.
Multicultural Islam in the Ottoman Turkish Civilization during the Medieval Era
Authors: Abdurahman Dudung , Maimunah Siti , Adnani Soraya
Published: April 2024

The objective of this study is to explore the Ottoman Empire's management model in navigating a diverse, multiethnic, and multireligious society, thereby fostering an advanced and dynamic civilization. Employing a qualitative approach with a content analysis model during data interpretation, this research identifies a synergistic alignment between the open policy and the empire's response to ethnic, cultural, and religious differences. This alignment stems from the extensive conquest process and the organic awareness within the community, influencing social interactions. The open policy, characterized by the establishment of local entities such as readers, millets, reāyā, sipähis, and timars, facilitates the accommodation of diverse interests, worship practices, and cultural expressions. This policy is instrumental in supporting a society's multicultural awareness, fostering openness to cultural assimilation, and promoting respect for religious practices. Notably, Islam is positioned as a safeguard to ensure the enforcement of power supremacy as outlined in The Ottoman code, but the state largely refrains from intervening in religious activities and cultural expressions unless there is a clear threat to its authority. This awareness of distinct private and public spheres fosters a pluralistic and multicultural reality within Ottoman society, with the state adopting a relatively moderate position.
The Views of Saadia Gaon and al-Qāḍī Abd al-Jabbār on God's Justice and Their Relevance to Dialogue among Civilizations
Authors: Hasan Pipip A. Rifai , Sunaryo Sunaryo
Published: April 2024

The surge in scholarly fervor across the Arab world following the Hellenistic resurgence instigated shifts in religious thought concerning theodicy. Saadia Gaon and al-Qāḍī Abd al-Jabbār, representing Jewish and Islamic scholars respectively, exemplify this evolving trend. This study endeavors to delve into Gaon and al-Qāḍī Abd al-Jabbār's perspectives on divine justice and its implications for human agency. Employing a qualitative approach with content analysis as the analytical tool, this research reveals a convergence of ideas between Gaon and al-Qāḍī regarding the manifestation of divine justice through human autonomy. This autonomy operates within the framework of revealed restrictions transmitted to the messenger of God. These limitations establish a moral framework delineating choices of good and evil, ultimately entrusted to human discretion guided by reason. The primacy of reason underscores moral rationality, guiding individuals towards virtuous conduct. Within the realm of human freedom, diverse actions unfold, contributing to cultural evolution and the advancement of civilization. Moral rationality emerges as a pivotal tool in religious comprehension, fostering dialogue between Abrahamic faiths and facilitating the pursuit of a more cohesive global society.
Endophytic Bacteria Producing Alkaloid as Antibacterial and Antioxidant Agent from Hibiscus tiliaceus Leaves
Authors: Sarjono Purbowatiningrum Ria , Anggraeni Aulia , Ismiyarto Ismiyarto , Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana
Published: April 2024

Hibiscus tiliaceus is known to have antibacterial activity. One of the antibacterial compounds contained in the hibiscus plant is alkaloid. Alkaloids can also be obtained from endophytic bacteria that are in symbiosis with hibiscus leaves. It is known that endophytes can produce the same or similar secondary metabolites as their host plants. Medicinal plants have been proven to be a source of microorganisms that can make certain metabolites. Our previous research succeeded in isolating the endophytic bacteria Staphylococcus warneri strain 25 from waru leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus), which had antioxidant and antibacterial activity and contained saponins and alkaloids. In this study, alkaloids were extracted from the endophytic bacteria found in waru leaves. Subsequently, their bioactivity was assessed for antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus using the well diffusion method. Additionally, their antioxidant activity was evaluated through the DPPH method, with gallic acid serving as the standard. A cyclic amine alkaloid compound was isolated, exhibiting a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 23 ppm against E. coli, S. typhi, and S. aureus bacteria, accompanied by inhibitory zones measuring 7 mm, 8 mm, and 6 mm, respectively. Additionally, the compound had very strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 50.11 ppm.
The Characteristics of Urease Enzyme of Green Bean Seeds (Vigna radiata L.) and Its Activity as An Antifungal Against Candida albicans
Authors: Muslihah Niken Istikhari , Zusfahair Zusfahair , Ningsih Dian Riana , Nuradha Fajar
Published: April 2024

Urease is an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis reaction of urea into CO2 and NH3. The urease isolated in this study came from green bean seeds. The urease enzyme was then tested for its antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The research aims to extract and characterize the urease enzyme from green bean seeds and explore its potential use as an antifungal agent. Green bean seeds were smoothed with a mortar and pestle, followed by homogenization using a stirrer and cold centrifugation. The crude extract of the urease enzyme was assessed for its activity through the Nessler method and measured by employing a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 500 nm. The well-diffusion method was conducted to determine the antifungal activity of rough enzyme extracts against C. albicans. Positive controls were 100% ketoconazole, and negative controls used a pH buffer of 7. The characterization of the urease enzyme from green bean seeds revealed the optimum urease activity at a concentration of 0.25 M, pH level of 7, and an incubation temperature of 35°C with a value of 32.115 U/mL. Maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant value (KM) were obtained at 56.497 U/mL and 0.215 M, respectively. Antifungal tests of C. albicans resulted in strong inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100% crude urease extract of 12 mm inhibition zone. The inhibitory concentration value grows at least 0.5% by 0.25 mm and positive control of 19.802 mm.
The World of Czech Intellectuals in the Life of Roman Dyboski
Authors: Pudłocki Tomasz
Published: April 2024

The paper discusses the role of Czech (Czechoslovakian) intellectuals in the life of Roman Dyboski (1885–1945), professor of English philology at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Dyboski was one of just a few Polish scholars who, despite the tense political relations between Czechoslovakia and Poland at that time, advocated the idea of mutual intellectual cooperation. Roman Dyboski’s position was quite specific. He grew up in the Polish-Czech border region and studied English language and literature. His chief aim was to bring closer Poland and the Anglo-Saxon world. To this purpose, he corresponded actively with scholars from Czechoslovakia, especially with experts on English studies, including Otokar Vočadlo. He also met many of them in person when he was in London as a lecturer at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies of the University College London established by Tomáš G. Masaryk. Dyboski was also one of but a handful Polish experts who spoke Czech and published in Czechoslovakia not only on Polish but also on English matters, which given the considerable level of interest in Anglo-Saxon culture in both countries brought Poles and Czechs closer together.
Mulier accusatrix in the Laudatio Turiae
Authors: Jońca Maciej
Published: April 2024

Legal sources relating to the imperial period (especially Justinian’s Digesta) show that Roman criminal law allowed women to bring criminal charges only in exceptional situations. On the other hand, to prosecute the murderer of a relative was considered a sacred duty for the members of the victim’s family. Any negligence in this area was perceived as wicked behaviour and detrimental to the memory of the deceased. The obligation to bring a criminal charge, symbolically identified with vengeance (ultio, vindicta), rested with men. The surviving funeral eulogy known as the Laudatio Turiae shows a very different pattern. Its content shows that at the end of the first century BC, it was a woman who accused the murderers of her parents in court and brought about their conviction. The oration makes it possible to initiate an interesting discussion on the real importance of women’s voice in the criminal process and on the social stereotypes that limited their participation in public procedures.
Otec a syn ve službách státu. Činnost Augustina a Augusta Adolfa Popelkových
Authors: Piják Martin
Published: April 2024

This article presents the life of two overlooked Czechoslovak jurists, Augustin and August Adolf Popelka. Both led very successful careers as state officers. Augustin (1854–1938) started his career as a private lawyer in Brno. In 1899, he became a member and later president of The Administrative Court in Vienna. After the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, he became the first president of the new Supreme Court. He held this position until his retirement in 1930. He also briefly (1920–1921) served as the minister of justice in the first caretaker government. His son, August Adolf (1887–1951), studied at the law faculty of the University of Vienna. In 1919 he became a member of The Office of the President of the Czechoslovak Republic. He was very close friend and colleague of chancellor Šámal and helped to the master of ceremonies Guth-Jarkovský to establish The Order of the White Lion. He remained in the Office after year 1938 and in 1941 became the chancellor of president Hácha’s office.
A Comprehensive study of wheat genotypes for combining ability and heritability in drought tolerance
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Kumar Anupam
Published: April 2024

A major challenge in wheat cultivation is the negative impact of water scarcity on growth and yield. Therefore, it is crucial to develop wheat varieties with both high productivity and resilience to drought stress to support food production and improve global food security. The study aims to identify general and specific combining abilities and to understand the genetic mechanisms responsible for key traits by employing half-diallel analysis. In the current study, a half-diallel set comprising 10 x 10 wheat genotypes was subjected to crosses in all feasible combinations, excluding reciprocals, under drought stress conditions. Significant mean squares were observed for both General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) components among the 10 parents and 45 F1 progenies across eleven traits. Assessment of variance components (s2g and s2s), narrow-sense heritability (Hn), broad-sense heritability (Hb) and the GCA/SCA ratio allowed for the determination of the relative contributions of additive and non-additive genetic components. High narrow-sense heritability was noted for traits such as days to 75 % flowering, spike length and biological yield, indicating their predominantly additive genetic control. Conversely, the remaining eight traits exhibited low narrow-sense heritability, suggesting their inheritance is primarily governed by non-additive genetic factors, thus indicating the potential benefits of heterosis breeding. Based on GCA effects, P5 demonstrated superior general combining ability across traits, except for biological yield. P1, P3, P8 and P9 exhibited better combining ability for grain yield per plant. Specific cross combinations including P7×P10, P3×P4 and P5×P6 displayed notable specific combining ability and could be leveraged to develop superior pure lines in subsequent breeding endeavors.
Characteristic of a group of genes with low level of expression in the pancreas of rats under conditions of multi-day intermittent hypoxia influence
Authors: Ivanenko T. V. , Kolesnyk Yu. M. , Abramov A. V.
Published: April 2024

In modern medical science great attention is paid to the clarification of the molecular mechanisms, which are the basis of adaptation to environmental factors of unusual origin and/or extraordinary strength.
The aim of the study is to determine the features of a group of genes with low expression level, associated with hypoxia in the pancreas of Wistar rats under conditions of intermittent hypoxia.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 10 white, sexually mature Wistar rats, which were divided into 2 groups (5 animals in each). Animals of group 1 were part of the control (intact) group. The animals of the 2nd group were subjected to hypoxic training according to the following scheme: for 15 days, 6 hours daily, namely on days 1–5 they simulated an ascent to a height of one to five kilometers above sea level under the conditions of a barometer, and the last 10 days 6 km above the sea level.
To analyze gene expression, we used the polymerase chain reaction method with real-time reverse transcription (PCR) CFX-96 Touch™ (Bio-Rad, USA) and the RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array Rat Hypoxia Signaling Pathway kit (QIAGEN, Germany), where 84 genes were the subject of research in experimental animals.
Results. According to the results of the PCR study of genes in the pancreas samples of intact animals and animals exposed to hypoxic training, it was established that out of 84 genes associated with hypoxia, a group of 5 genes with a low expression level (∆∆Ct < 30) was found. This pattern includes Bhlhe40 genes, Ctsa, Hif1a, Lox, and Slc16a3, the expression of which is statistically reduced. Thus, compared to the level of their expression in intact animals, the expression of Bhlhe40 decreased by 2.59 times, Ctsa by 6.02 times, Hif1a by 3.85 times, Lox by 3.01 times, and Slc16a3 by 2.40 times.
Conclusions. Intermittent hypoxia reduces the expression of the Bhlhe40 gene by 2.59 times, which can be considered as an element of adaptation of cells to a low level of oxygen and modulation of genetic programs. The decrease in Ctsa gene expression by 6.02, Hif1a by 3.85, and Lox by 3.01 times during intermittent hypoxia demonstrates, that these effects can be used as sanogenic factors in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The 2.40-fold decreased expression level of Slc16a3 is probably an element of metabolic adaptation and adaptation of the metabolic pathway of cells to hypoxia conditions.
A Novel Fully Decoupled Scheme for the MHD System with Variable Density
Authors: Wang Zhaowei , Wang Danxia , Jia Hongen
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we first establish a novel first-order, fully decoupled, unconditionally stable time discretization scheme for the MHD system with variable density.
This scheme successfully decouples all the coupling terms by combining the gauge-Uzawa method and the scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) method.
And we prove its unconditional energy stability.
Then we give the first-order finite element scheme and its implementation.
Furthermore, we perform a rigorous error analysis of the proposed numerical scheme.
Finally, we perform some numerical experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the decoupling scheme.
Influence of Q&P-Parameters and Al-Content on the Microstructural Evolution of Lean-Medium-Mn-Steels
Authors: Höger K. , Kaar-Schickinger S. , Wallner M. , Schneider R.
Published: April 2024

This report investigates the impact of different heat treatment parameters and varying Al-contents on the microstructure of Quenching & Partitioning (Q&P) steels. Therefore, three lean-medium-Mn-steels with Al-contents between 0.3 and 0.9 wt-% underwent heat treatments according to Quenching & Partitioning regimes. For comparison, the steels were subjected to a transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) aided-bainitic-ferrite (TBF) process. In both cases, the samples were fully austenitized at 900 °C for 120 s, using dilatometry. For the Quenching & Partitioning process, the quenching temperature (TQ) ranged from 210 °C to 330 °C, while the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) aided-bainitic-ferrite samples were cooled to 360 °C. Afterwards, the specimen were re-heated to the partitioning temperature (TP) of 400 °C and isothermally held for partitioning times (tp) of 40, 120 and 200 s. Subsequently, these steels were analyzed with regard to their phase fractions and hardness. The results indicated that in the Quenching & Partitioning process, the microstructure was primarily influenced by the partitioning temperature (TQ), while partitioning times (tp) played a minor role due to the time-independent martensitic transformation during quenching. In general, rising quenching temperature (TQ) led to an increase in retained austenite (RA) fraction. In the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) aided-bainitic-ferrite (TBF) process, a substantial influence of partitioning times (tp) was found, which can be explained by the kinetics of the isothermal bainitic transformation. Regardless of the heat treatment concept, an increasing Al-content contributed to elevated retained austenite contents.
The impact of out-of-school L2 input and interaction on adolescent classroom immersion and community-L2 learners’ L2 vocabulary: opportunities for interaction are key
Authors: Rusk Brian V. , Paradis Johanne
Published: April 2024

Comparing young second-language (L2) learners in different learning contexts is a valuable, but under-researched, design for determining how L2 experiences impact L2 development. This study addressed this gap by comparing the out-of-school L2 experiences of adolescents (N = 64) learning L2-English as either a community majority language or as a foreign language in an immersion classroom, and examining how differences in L2 experience impacted English receptive vocabulary ability. Participant questionnaires yielded information on sources of L2 input and L2 interaction out-of-school. Results showed the groups were comparable for L2 input, but immersion learners experienced less interactional L2 use and also had significantly smaller L2 vocabularies. Out-of-school L2 experience explained more variance in receptive vocabulary for community-L2 participants, with more significant predictor variables than immersion-L2 participants. L2 interaction variables explained more variance than L2 input variables for both groups, indicating that, overall, interaction is a key source of L2 receptive vocabulary development.
Tuple regularity and 𝑘-ultrahomogeneity for finite groups
Authors: Brenner Sofia
Published: April 2024

For

k
,
ℓ

∈
N

k,\ell\in\mathbb{N}

, we introduce the concepts of 𝑘-ultrahomogeneity and ℓ-tuple regularity for finite groups.
Inspired by analogous concepts in graph theory, these form a natural generalization of homogeneity, which was studied by Cherlin and Felgner as well as Li, and automorphism transitivity, which was investigated by Zhang.
Additionally, these groups have an interesting algorithmic interpretation.
We classify the 𝑘-ultrahomogeneous and ℓ-tuple regular finite groups for

k
,
ℓ

≥
2

k,\ell\geq 2

.
In particular, we show that every 2-tuple regular finite group is ultrahomogeneous.
Classifying primitive solvable permutation groups of rank 5 and 6
Authors: Dey Anakin , O’Neal Kolton , Tran Duc Van Khanh , Upshur Camron , Yang Yong
Published: April 2024

Let 𝐺 be a finite solvable permutation group acting faithfully and primitively on a finite set Ω.
Let

G
0

G_{0}

be the stabilizer of a point 𝛼 in Ω.
The rank of 𝐺 is defined as the number of orbits of

G
0

G_{0}

in Ω, including the trivial orbit

{
α
}

\{\alpha\}

.
In this paper, we completely classify the cases where 𝐺 has rank 5 and 6, continuing the previous works on classifying groups of rank 4 or lower.
Online Trials in China: Legal and Institutional Approaches During Different Stages of the Pandemic
Authors: Zhang Chi , Liu Zhewei
Published: April 2024

China has set off a wave of legal and institutional approaches to meet the need of access to justice and rule of law in cyberspace. Online trials and Internet courts as the approaches have not been developed so rapidly until the outbreak of COVID-19. This article will divide the development of online trials in China into three stages and discuss their functions and orientations during different times of the pandemic.
A görög-török tengerjogi viták alakulása Kiriákosz Micotákisz kormányzási időszakában
Authors: Éva Csorba
Published: April 2024

A görög-török kapcsolatok turbulens időszakon vannak túl, amelynek egyik legfontosabb forrása a tengeri határvitákhoz kötődött. A görög-török tengerjogi vita nem újkeletű konfliktusforrás, hiszen megoldása évtizedek óta várat magára. Ugyanakkor az energetikai feltárások megnövelték a relevanciáját, következésképp a lezárása is sokkal összetettebb. A feltárásoknak köszönhetően (is) Görögország mind európai, mind pedig regionális szerepe megerősödött. Ebből következően a tengeri határviták és az ezzel is összefüggő feltárások jelentős szerepet kapnak az ország külpolitikájában is. A határvitával összefüggő konfliktusra és a török „fenyegetésre” válaszul, Görögország taktikusan építette ki és mélyítette el nemzetközi együttműködési hálózatát uniós tagországokkal és a régióban található, vagy ott érdekelt harmadik országokkal. Ezzel párhuzamosan, Törökország nemzetközi elszigetelődése tovább folytatódott. Mindemellett, a legutóbbi török elnöki látogatás új (pozitív) fordulatot hozhat a kapcsolatokban.
The Ordeal of the “Dirty Urine”
Authors: Doherty Fiona
Published: April 2024

Probation systems rely on urine screens to sort people for punishment. Probationers who test “clean” show that they are worthy of remaining in the community, while those who test “dirty” make themselves vulnerable to incarceration. This article draws comparisons between the testing mechanisms used in modern probation systems and the testing mechanisms used in the medieval ordeal. In undergoing a medieval ordeal, “probands” went through a physical test to determine whether their bodies were pure or impure. Those who failed the test were led away for punishment. Most people subjected to the medieval ordeal were poor, as are most people in modern probations systems who must prove that their urine is “clean.”
O quantificador ambos como foco de variação no português contemporâneo
Authors: Móia Telmo
Published: April 2024

Considera-se geralmente na literatura que o quantificador universal definido ambos, diferentemente da locução quantificacional equivalente os dois, é quase exclusivamente distributivo, bloqueando leituras grupais, a não ser em contextos muito especiais, como os que envolvem adjuntos instrumentais (ele levantou a caixa com ambas as mãos) e, para alguns falantes apenas, operadores do tipo de mesmo (andam ambos na mesma escola). São geralmente consideradas anómalas frases com expressões predicativas que introduzem alguma forma de grupalidade, como, por exemplo, adjetivos simétricos (andam ambos em escolas diferentes), operadores recíprocos (ambos conversaram um com o outro), adjuntos indutores de grupalidade (ambos fizeram o trabalho em conjunto), predicados quase-divisíveis (ambos uniram esforços) ou predicados indivisíveis (ambas estas parcelas somam 12). Neste trabalho, é avaliado o uso de ambos na variedade padrão contemporânea (principalmente) do português europeu, tendo em conta todos estes contextos críticos. A observação de dados de texto jornalístico contemporâneo e de texto literário (dos últimos 500 anos) e o resultado de um inquérito a 20 falantes nativos (especialistas em Linguística) mostram que se trata de uma área de variação linguística excecionalmente intensa, onde se observam também indícios de mudança linguística significativa.
El futuro analítico en el espejo del perfecto compuesto. Sobre la existencia de un propresente en español
Authors: Azpiazu Susana
Published: April 2024

A partir de un pretendido paralelismo funcional entre el perfecto compuesto (PC) y el futuro perifrástico o analítico (FA – ir a + infintivo) en español, abordamos el comportamiento semántico y funcional de esta última forma, sus matices tempoaspectuales, modales y discursivos y su contraste con la forma simple o sintética del futuro (FS). El análisis teórico se apoya en datos empíricos extraídos del análisis del corpus hablado de dos ciudades de habla hispana, Buenos Aires y Madrid. Se analiza el alcance del concepto relevancia actual aplicado al futuro y se presenta la posibilidad de un contraste de los dos futuros en términos de prominencia informativa. Se explica además la estructura temporal del FA (tanto con el auxiliar en presente como en imperfecto) en términos paralelos a los que Veiga (2014b, 2019) expuso para el PC y se proponen para ellos los términos propresente y propretérito, sin olvidar que tanto el PC como el FA son formas que se encuentran en distintas etapas del proceso de gramaticalización / temporalización dentro del sistema verbal del español.