Enzymatic extraction, characterization and biological properties of protein hydrolysates from freshwater fish waste
Authors:   University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, District 1, Bucharest, Romania, TOMA AGNES ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania, CRACIUNESCU OANA ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania, MOLDOVAN LUCIA ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania, CIUCAN TEODORA ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania, TATIA RODICA ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania, ILIE DANIELA ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania, MIHAI ELENA ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania, SAVIN SIMONA ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania, SANDA CATALINA ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania, OANCEA ANCA ,   National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania, JURCOANE STEFANA ,   University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, District 1, Bucharest, Romania, ISRAEL FLORENTINA ,   University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, District 1, Bucharest, Romania, BALAN DANIELA ,   University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, District 1, Bucharest, Romania, LUTA GABRIELA ,   University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, District 1, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2024

Silver carp (H. molitrix) is one of the most popular species in fish farms around the world. In this paper, the bioactive properties of four protein hydrolysates from silver carp residues obtained with papain, flavourzyme, alcalase and combination of flavourzyme & alcalase treatment were analyzed. Physicochemical characterization showed that the alcalase extract had the highest extraction yield of 52.07%, presented 90.33% protein content and the highest degree of hydrolysis (76.23%). Gel electrophoresis pattern indicated that hydrolysate obtained with alcalase contains most peptides with a molecular weight below 15 kDa, while those present in the hydrolysate obtained with flavourzyme & alcalase had a molecular weight between 10-15 kDa. The e􀵵 ect of protein hydrolysates on DPPH free radicals inhibition varied between 47.37-50.14%, the highest value of antioxidant activity being recorded for hydrolysate obtained with papain. The hydrolysates presented antihypertensive potential determined as inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme, with the highest activity in the case of flavourzyme & alcalase extract. The fish protein hydrolysates were cytocompatible in a normal fibroblast culture, NCTC cell line showing cell viability over 80% for all variants. When cultivated in Hep-2 cancer cells at 10 mg/ml, the protein hydrolysates obtained by papain and 􀃀 avourzyme & alcalase mixture decreased the cell viability, indication antitumoral potential. In conclusion, the fish protein hydrolysates demonstrated important bioactive properties, including antioxidant, antihypertensive and antiproliferative activity.