bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enamel Hypomineralization and Structural Defects in Amelotin-deficient Mice
Authors: Nakayama Y. , Holcroft J. , Ganss B.
Published: February 2015

Amelotin (AMTN) is a relatively recently discovered enamel protein that is predominantly expressed by ameloblasts during the maturation stage of amelogenesis and is present at lower levels in the junctional epithelium of erupted teeth. Previous studies have suggested a function of this protein in enamel mineralization and cell attachment. Genetic mouse models have been instrumental in defining the role of many enamel-related proteins, but a genetic mouse model lacking the Amtn gene has not been reported. Here, we describe the generation of amelotin-deficient mice and the analysis of their enamel phenotype in comparison with that of wild-type animals. Ablation of AMTN expression resulted in mechanically inferior enamel of mandibular incisors that showed chipping and fractures at the incisal edge. Enamel mineralization was delayed, resulting in hypomineralized inner enamel and structural defects in the outer enamel. Erupted enamel close to the gingival margin showed increased surface roughness. The expression levels of the enamel matrix proteins AMEL, AMBN, ENAM, and ODAM and the enamel proteases MMP-20 and KLK-4 were not significantly altered, although the expression of KLK-4 was delayed. The morphology of ameloblasts showing prominent Tomes’ processes during the secretory stage was not altered, and there was no indication of disruption of cell structures or activities, but a residual layer, presumably consisting of organic material, remained at the enamel surface close to the gingival margin. The integrity of the dentogingival attachment at the junctional epithelium appeared unaffected by AMTN deficiency. These observations indicate that AMTN plays a subtle yet critical role in enamel biomineralization, particularly during the establishment of the outer and surface enamel layers. This role appears to be largely independent of other enamel proteins.
Treating Pit-and-Fissure Caries
Authors: Schwendicke F. , Jäger A.M. , Paris S. , Hsu L.Y. , Tu Y.K.
Published: February 2015

For shallow or moderately deep pit-and-fissure lesions, various treatment options are available: (1) noninvasive treatments (e.g., fluoride application, antibacterial treatments, oral hygiene advice) avoid any dental hard tissue removal; (2) microinvasive treatments (e.g., sealing) remove only a few micrometers of hard tissues by etching; and minimally invasive methods (e.g., “preventive” resin/sealant restoration) remove carious dentin but avoid sacrificing sound tissues. We aimed at systematically reviewing and comparing these strategies for treating pit-and-fissure lesions in permanent teeth using network meta-analysis. Randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials investigating shallow or moderately deep primary caries lesions in fissured or pitted surfaces were included. We compared the risk of requiring invasive treatments or any retreatments in noninvasive, microinvasive, and minimally invasive treated lesions; untreated lesions were used as controls. Five electronic databases were systematically screened up to September 2013 and cross-referencing performed. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated. Certainty of estimates was evaluated via GRADE criteria. From a total of 2,214 identified records, 14 studies representing 1,440 patients with 3,551 treated lesions were included. Pairwise meta-analysis found microinvasive and minimally invasive treated lesions to require less invasive retreatments than control lesions (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 0.13 [0.07 to 0.26], 0.13 [0.03 to 0.50], respectively), whereas the estimate for noninvasively treated lesions remained nonsignificant (0.64 [0.39 to 1.06]). These findings were reflected in the strategy ranking stemming from network meta-analysis (first, minimally invasive; second, microinvasive; third, noninvasive). However, microinvasive treatment required significantly more total retreatments (including resealing) than minimally or noninvasive treatments. Due to limited study quality, the evidence was graded as low or very low. Clinical treatment decisions should consider the long-term sequelae and costs stemming from different therapies as well as their subjective impact on the patient. Available treatment options seem suitable for treating shallow or moderately deep pit-and-fissure lesions in permanent teeth; further conclusions are not possible.
Effect of Antibacterial Dental Adhesive on Multispecies Biofilms Formation
Authors: Zhang K. , Wang S. , Zhou X. , Xu H.H.K. , Weir M.D. , Ge Y. , Li M. , Wang S. , Li Y. , Xu X. , Zheng L. , Cheng L.
Published: February 2015

Antibacterial adhesives have favorable prospects to inhibit biofilms and secondary caries. The objectives of this study were to investigate the antibacterial effect of dental adhesives containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) on different bacteria in controlled multispecies biofilms and its regulating effect on development of biofilm for the first time. Antibacterial material was synthesized, and Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, and Streptococcus sanguinis were chosen to form multispecies biofilms. Lactic acid assay and pH measurement were conducted to study the acid production of controlled multispecies biofilms. Anthrone method and exopolysaccharide (EPS):bacteria volume ratio measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy were performed to determine the EPS production of biofilms. The colony-forming unit counts, scanning electron microscope imaging, and dead:live volume ratio decided by confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to study the biomass change of controlled multispecies biofilms. The TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent in situ hybridization imaging were used to study the proportion change in multispecies biofilms of different groups. The results showed that DMADDM-containing adhesive groups slowed the pH drop and decreased the lactic acid production noticeably, especially lactic acid production in the 5% DMADDM group, which decreased 10- to 30-fold compared with control group ( P < 0.05). EPS was reduced significantly in 5% DMADDM group ( P < 0.05). The DMADDM groups reduced the colony-forming unit counts significantly ( P < 0.05) and had higher dead:live volume ratio in biofilms compared with control group ( P < 0.05). The proportion of S. mutans decreased steadily in DMADDM-containing groups and continually increased in control group, and the biofilm had a more healthy development tendency after the regulation of DMADDM. In conclusion, the adhesives containing DMADDM had remarkable antimicrobial properties to serve as “bioactive” adhesive materials and revealed its potential value for antibiofilm and anticaries clinical applications.
Double-Deficit Hypothesis in a Clinical Sample
Authors: Heikkilä Riikka , Torppa Minna , Aro Mikko , Närhi Vesa , Ahonen Timo
Published: February 2015

This study explored the double-deficit hypothesis (DDH) in a transparent orthography (Finnish) and extended the view from reading disabilities to comorbidity of learning-related problems in math and attention. Children referred for evaluation of learning disabilities in second through sixth grade ( N = 205) were divided into four groups based on rapid automatized naming (RAN) and phonological awareness (PA) according to the DDH: the double-deficit group, the naming speed deficit–only group, the phonological deficit–only group, and the no-deficit group. The results supported the DDH in that the prevalence and severity of reading disability were greatest in the double-deficit group. Despite the greater prevalence of reading disabilities in single-deficit groups compared to the no-deficit group, the means of reading measures in the single-deficit groups were similar to those of the no-deficit group. The PA single-deficit group was poorer in spelling than the no-deficit group and single-naming-deficit group. Deficits in RAN or PA were primarily linked to reading disabilities but not with math or attention problems. The results supported the DDH partially and indicate that deficits in RAN and PA are specific to reading disabilities.
Adding trade to the equation
Authors: Stojek Szymon M , Chacha Mwita
Published: February 2015

Third-party interventions have long been considered one of the most important events in civil war processes, affecting both duration and outcome of these conflicts. Understanding what affects probability of intervention in support of government or rebels is thus crucial. Interestingly, comparatively little attention has been paid to explanations of why third-party states intervene in civil conflicts of other states and even fewer studies model economic motivations for interventions. Our study focuses on the extent to which bilateral trade ties influence states’ decisions to intervene in conflicts of important trading partners. We model the influence of formal trade ties on the probability of pro-government and pro-rebel interventions. The argument asserts that trade ties work in ways similar to existing strategic alliances – favoring intervention on the side of the government rather than the opposition. The analyses use a multilevel modeling method, which enables us to appropriately model two levels of observed variables: conflict characteristics, the same for all potential interveners, and dyadic ties, varying across potential interveners. The findings support the role of bilateral trade ties in motivating interventions, and specifically in predicting interventions on the side of the embattled government. Our contribution is especially informative given the post-WWII exponential increase in both civil war phenomena and economic interdependence.
Global food prices, regime type, and urban unrest in the developing world
Authors: Hendrix Cullen S , Haggard Stephan
Published: February 2015

The 2014 IPCC report concludes that changes in precipitation and temperature could cause global food prices to nearly double by 2050. Anecdotal evidence of riots during the global food price spikes of 2007–08 and 2010–11 raises the more general question of whether global food prices affect patterns of contentious politics in developing countries. Drawing on a dataset of urban unrest in 55 major cities in 49 Asian and African countries for the period 1961–2010, we find the effect of global food prices on protests and rioting is contingent on regime type: democracies are more prone to urban unrest during periods of high food prices than autocracies. We show that this is due both to the more permissive political opportunity structure in democratic systems and to systematic differences in food policy across regimes of different types. Relative to autocracies, democracies pursue policies that are more favorable to the rural sector and less favorable to the cities. The findings have longer-run implications. To the extent that climate change will make many developing countries more dependent on food imports, and that prices could rise and be more volatile, we suggest another vector by which climate change may affect political unrest. Our findings highlight the importance of both political institutions and policy choices in mediating global shocks.
CTE and the Common Core can address the problem of silos
Authors: Pearson Donna
Published: February 2015

There is no doubt but that the education realm is replete with silos of experts of one discipline or another whose knowledge and teachings do not normally crossover into others. Yet the Common Core’s call for career and college readiness virtually requires such subject integration -- especially between the disciplines we consider academic and those we call and place under the aegis of career and technical education (CTE). More than that, it underscores that preparing to be ready for college or ready for career are not mutually exclusive goals. What’s necessary is for those who work in academic disciplines and CTE to come together and work out ways of integrating their learning. When this is done, studies have shown that it works to the benefit of student performance in both areas.
Business fills a gap between teacher and student
Authors: Merz Sandy , Wiebke Kathy
Published: February 2015

Today’s classrooms emphasize helping students learn not just for the sake of learning but to become prepared to join the workforce. While teachers across the U.S. know students must be ready for college and career, many may not be sure exactly which skills, competencies, and lessons they need to teach to prepare and animate students for the world of work. Meanwhile, employers look to schools to nurture and empower savvy job candidates of the future — young adults prepared with the skills and critical dispositions necessary for the jobs they have to offer. So how do we bridge this gap? Lesson2Life is a professional development partnership between the Arizona K12 Center at Northern Arizona University, Arizona Public Service, and local businesses and chambers of commerce throughout the state. It is designed to be an exemplar program that gives teachers real-world insight into today’s workforce. They can then give their students the skills and information necessary to be successful when they seek careers of their own.
The backbone of STEM teaching
Authors: Gillespie Nicole
Published: February 2015

If we want talented young teachers to develop the capacity to get students excited about high-quality science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning, we must develop a network of STEM teachers who can support teachers in their continued learning about their work and enable them to collaborate with others. If we want teachers to stay in the profession long enough to develop that capacity, we need to support them in developing the agency and autonomy to drive their own professional growth and become stewards of their profession. This kind of agency and autonomy is crucial for making teaching a rewarding and viable career option over the long haul, and attracting and retaining the best and the brightest to the profession.
Talk alone won’t close the 30-million word gap
Authors: Wasik Barbara A. , Hindman Annemarie H.
Published: February 2015

Interventions that affect children’s vocabulary development focus on the quality of language as well as quantity. Children need opportunities to talk, use vocabulary words, and respond to adults’ questions. Adults need to create opportunities to talk, provide quality feedback on children’s language, and use a lot of new vocabulary repeatedly in meaningful contexts. Not every conversation a child has with caregivers can include all or even most of these facets of quality. Because the vocabulary gap is so difficult to close, young children at risk need the strongest early experiences that we can provide, grounded in decades of high-quality empirical research on this topic. Solutions for the word gap need to emphasize the content of conversations and the types of word learning, in the hope that our nation can ameliorate the “word gap” that is producing the achievement gap.
A mentoring program drills down on the Common Core
Authors: Davis Emily , Sinclair Steve , Gschwend Laura
Published: February 2015

The Santa Cruz/Silicon Valley New Teacher Project -- under the aegis of the New Teacher Center -- devised a program to train teacher mentors to help new teachers incorporate the Common Core standards into their teaching. The three-year program yielded five critical lessons: Mentors need ongoing support to develop their readiness and willingness to guide new teachers in implementing the Common Core; mentors need to be grand generalists of the Common Core so they can work with teachers in many contexts; rolling out the Common Core requires leveraging resources and relationships in new ways; working with new teachers is a balancing act; and mentors and new teachers can quickly become Common Core leaders.
Understanding in-school truancy
Authors: Shute Jonathan W. , Cooper Bruce S.
Published: February 2015

The usual view is that truants are lost and troubled juveniles with psychological problems. While the authors agree that many well-known sociological and environmental factors promote truancy, they also confront more disconcerting causes: curriculum and pedagogy. Truancy is much too widespread to continue classifying it as the behavior of social and educational misfits. In recent years new assertions have been made that most truants aren’t social deviants; rather they’re students who become truant as a rational decision. In other words, these rational decision makers are wandering from the appointed place — the school and the classroom — because in their perceptions these places aren’t beneficial for them.
The Editor’s Note
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: February 2015

Oakland Schools Technical Campus (OSTC) in suburban Detroit offers nine career clusters for high school students to get their start into career experience while even preparing for college. "Nobody will hire you after college unless you have experience so I’m going to get my experience first and then go to college," says high school senior Adam Ross, who is participating in the school’s Engineering & Emerging Technologies (EET) program, where he spends half his day, with the other half spent at his own high school. What’s more, Ross sees his time at OSTC as a natural way to apply what he learned from honors and AP math and science classes.
PDK Connection
Authors: Patterson Gregory A.
Published: February 2015

News and information about the PDK family of associations. PDK’s annual professional development and sightseeing trip travels to Germany, the Czech Republic, and Poland this year. Two of this year’s PDK Emerging Leaders respond to the question of the month on social-emotional learning.
Differences in the Uptake of Peer and Teacher Feedback
Authors: Ruegg Rachael
Published: February 2015

This study aimed to determine differences in the uptake of peer and teacher feedback after writing students received longitudinal feedback from only one of these sources. It also investigates the types of feedback given by peers and a teacher in order to explain those any differences. Data was collected from 64 Japanese university students in four classes. It was found that peer feedback was more often non-specific, whereas teacher feedback was more often specific and more often uptaken. Moreover, while more frequent teacher feedback led to misunderstandings or unsuccessful revisions, more frequent peer feedback led to successful revisions. Furthermore, while the teacher gave more feedback using coded marks and general comments, peer feedback was made up of more uncoded marks and direct comments. It may increase the uptake of peer feedback if peer reviewers are trained to give specific feedback and general, rather than direct, comments.
Sports Communication as a Way to Develop Critical Competencies in the L2 Classroom
Authors: Miller Lindsay
Published: February 2015

This paper investigates a novel approach to engaging second language learners in their studies. A university level General Education course, which uses Sports Communication as sustained content, is examined. The course uses a progressive pedagogy by way of content-based instruction to integrate vertical and horizontal learning and encourage learner autonomy as a way for students to become critically engaged with their course material. Typical learners’ feedback about the course, from the linguistic, content and pedagogical perspectives, is presented. The learners’ responses illustrate that they are able to develop critical language competencies if they are presented with contexts which stimulate them and are relevant to their popular cultural experiences.
Connecting Research and Practice in TESOL: A Community of Practice Perspective
Authors: Tavakoli Parvaneh
Published: February 2015

In line with a growing interest in teacher research engagement in second language education, this article is an attempt to shed light on teachers’ views on the relationship between teaching and practice. The data comprise semi-structured interviews with 20 teachers in England, examining their views about the divide between research and practice in their field, the reasons for the persistence of the divide between the two and their suggestions on how to bridge it. Wenger’s (1998) Community of Practice (CoP) is used as a conceptual framework to analyse and interpret the data. The analysis indicates that teacher experience, learning and ownership of knowledge emerging from participation in their CoP are key players in teachers’ professional practice and in the development of teacher identity. The participants construe the divide in the light of the differences they perceive between teaching and research as two different CoPs, and attribute the divide to the limited mutual engagement, absence of a joint enterprise and lack of a shared repertoire between them. Boundary encounters, institutionalized brokering and a more research-oriented teacher education provision are some of the suggestions for bringing the two communities together.
Ethics Consultation in Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Cartwright Brenda Y. , Hartley Michael T.
Published: February 2015

The present study was designed to provide information about the content of the advisory opinions provided by the Ethics Committee of the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification. Specifically, a content analysis was performed on all of the advisory opinions rendered between March 1996 and November 2013. NVivo10 was utilized to systematically inspect the content of the opinions and describe emerging patterns. Results from the study revealed that most of the advisory opinions addressed ethical standards related to the counseling relationship, confidentiality, resolving ethical issues, and professional responsibility. Implications for future education outreach initiatives and research directions are discussed.
The Book of Haggai: A resource for resident aliens
Authors: Jones Barry A.
Published: February 2015

In Resident Aliens, Stanley Hauerwas and William Willimon argued that the end of Constantinian Christendom provides an opportunity for the church to renew its true identity as “a colony of heaven” whose communal life embodies the truth about the world revealed through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. This vision of the church was based on the biblical story of Israel in the wilderness, historical patterns of Jewish communal life, and depictions of Christian discipleship in the New Testament. This article argues that the Book of Haggai provides a biblical example of the kind of theologically oriented community that Hauerwas and Willimon described. The prophet’s community provides examples of the characteristics of the church that Hauerwas and Willimon advocated for in Resident Aliens through Haggai’s theological rationale for building the Jerusalem Temple, the nature of the Temple project as a quest, and Haggai’s eschatological orientation.
Formed by the village and the church: The reception of Stanley Hauerwas’s theological ethics in Africa
Authors: Ngong David Tonghou
Published: February 2015

While many African theologians have appropriated the thought of Stanley Hauerwas in their work, this article focuses on two theologians whose work demonstrates the influence of post-Enlightenment or postliberal ethics in general and Hauerwasian influence in particular. The article argues that elements of Hauerwasian Christian ethics, such as its insistence on virtue or character development in the context of a community (the church) and the embodied nature of Christian ethics made manifest through witness, provide a significant reminder to what African Christian ethics should be about. It also argues, however, that Hauerwasian ethics, if not critically engaged, has the potential to replicate some of the unsalutary moves that Western missionary Christianity made, and some contemporary forms of African Christianity still make, against African thought, such as the attempt to erase African cultural memory. In order to overcome this tendency to divorce African Christians from their cultural contexts, the complex nature of their moral formation, that is, their being morally formed by both the village and the church, needs to be taken seriously.
Come now, let us argue it out
Authors: Broadway Mikael
Published: February 2015

In the theology of church–state relations, the conversation between Baptists and Stanley Hauerwas has been lively. Broadway draws attention to several key aspects of the discussion. Hauerwas presses issues relating to the ongoing struggle of Baptists to hold together their radical, free-church tradition with the heritage of Reformed theology. Popular adaptation to individualistic understandings of faith open Baptists to criticism based on Hauerwas’s emphasis on community. The changing nature of the state across the past four centuries requires Baptists to reconsider some of their descriptions of how states function. Too often the church accepts an externally defined role for itself in relation to the state. On these matters, Hauerwas’s writings continue to offer much on which Baptists can reflect.
Study on air permeability and thermal resistance of textiles under heat convection
Authors: Zhu Guocheng , Kremenakova Dana , Wang Yan , Militky Jiri , Mishra Rajesh
Published: February 2015

Convective heat transfer plays a very important role in thermal resistance of textiles due to its porous structure, and the thermal resistance of textiles will be quite different when they are investigated under different testing standards and conditions. Nowadays, however, there is still no commercial instrument for evaluating the thermal resistance of textiles under convective heat transfer. Besides, there is no report about the influence of pore structure (pore size and the ratio of a pore’s cross-sectional area to the total cross-sectional area of fabric) on thermal resistance of textiles. Therefore, in this work, one newly designed device has been developed for evaluating the thermal resistance of textiles with different parameters in terms of porosity, pore size and pore cross-sectional area under heat convection. The results showed that with the increase of the pore size and the ratio of pore area to total area of fabric, the air permeability increases and the thermal resistance of fabric decreases; the pore size and the ratio of pore area have more significant influence compared to the influence of porosity; and the thermal resistance decreases with the increase of air permeability.
Children of the U.S. National Guard
Authors: Thompson David E. , Baptist Joyce , Miller Bryant , Henry Una
Published: February 2015

This qualitative study explored how 24 youths’ behaviors during deployment were influenced by their perceptions of their non-deployed parents. Interviews were conducted with youths of previously deployed National Guard parents. Analysis of interviews suggests that the youths’ interactions with their non-deployed parents strongly influence their behaviors during deployment. Examined through the lenses of family systems and symbolic interaction, youths appear to base their behaviors upon perceptions of their non-deployed parents’ abilities to cope and manage the changes brought about during deployment. The majority of youths report reacting in ways intended to help their parents and families—whether by stepping up and assisting their non-deployed parents, or withdrawing physically or emotionally to reduce the emotional strain on parents. Implications of findings are discussed.
Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Tourism Research
Authors: do Valle Patrícia Oom , Assaker Guy
Published: February 2015

Although the number of empirical applications of partial least–squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in tourism has increased in the last two years, Assaker, Huang, and Hallak have conducted the only assessment on the use of PLS-SEM in four studies and with a limited number of criteria. Thus, this study aims to critically analyze how the PLS-SEM method has been applied in 44 articles published in 11 leading tourism journals from 2000 to 2014 in terms of four key criteria: (1) themes explored and main motivations for using PLS-SEM; (2) characteristics of proposed models; (3) how the models were evaluated; and (4) the use of more advanced analyses within the method. The findings revealed that although applications in tourism have improved in recent years, problematic aspects in the application of PLS-SEM in tourism research still exist. The article provides suggestions on how to improve the use of PLS-SEM in future tourism applications.
Gender differences in Holland’s circular/circumplex interest structure as measured by the South African Career Interest Inventory
Authors: Morgan Brandon , de Bruin Gideon P , de Bruin Karina
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the structural validity of Holland’s circular/circumplex model across men and women in South Africa and compare mean score differences in the people–things and data–ideas dimensions underlying the circular/circumplex model. The validity of Holland’s model was examined on a sample of 500 men and 500 women. The randomization test of hypothesized order relations, salience ratios, and t-tests were used to examine the structural validity and mean score differences. The randomization test found good fit to a tight circular ordering model for men and women and indicated that the fit was similar across gender. The salience ratios indicated that both dimensions were equally salient for men and women. Finally, t-tests found statistically significant and meaningful differences on the people–things and data–ideas dimensions. As a whole, the results suggest that Holland’s circular/circumplex model is valid across gender and therefore that Holland’s model is tenable in South Africa. Recommendations for research and practice are presented.
Crime Narratives, Dramatizations, and the Legacy of the Kitty Genovese Murder
Authors: Lurigio Arthur J.
Published: February 2015

Kitty Genovese’s murder in New York City fueled widespread perceptions about the dangers of urban life and contributed to the stereotype of the apathetic American. Gross inaccuracies in the reporting of the story, and a short but sensationalist book written by the editor who commissioned the story, spun an enduring tale of witness indifference and spawned research on the bystander intervention effect. This essay focuses on two books that commemorate the 50th anniversary (2014) of the Genovese case. Written in the true-crime genre, the books are replete with detailed portrayals of the victim and her murderer, as well as his trial and conviction and the impact of the case on American culture. The essay also explores the emerging revisionist perspective on the Genovese incident, which illustrates how the dramatized reportage of the case iconized Kitty and reserved a permanent place for her in crime victim narratives and psychology textbooks.
Selling Atlanta
Authors: Levy Jessica Ann
Published: February 2015

Situated at the intersection between histories of urban politics, civil rights, and the rise of neoliberalism, this article explores the changing dynamics of mayoral politics in Atlanta, Georgia, during the first two decades of black governance. In particular, it charts the efforts of Atlanta’s first two black mayors, Maynard Jackson and Andrew Young, to negotiate the changing economic, political, and social climate of the 1970s and 1980s. Compelled to abandon a pro-labor, community control politics in favor of policies favoring Atlanta’s tourism industry, Atlanta’s mayors worked to craft a new liberal politics that appealed to the city’s diverse electorate, investors, and other outside spectators. In doing so, they relied on and appropriated the city’s civil rights legacy to help them forge new alliances—as well as rebuild old ones—and provided an example for liberal politicians across the country.
The Relevance of Sport and Exercise Psychology in Undergraduate Course Curriculum
Authors: Stanley Christopher T. , Robbins Jamie E.
Published: February 2015

Given the growth of Sport and Exercise Psychology (SEP) in recent decades, and the interdisciplinary nature of research and practice in the field, it may be particularly relevant in undergraduate courses and textbooks. However, no studies to date have examined the relative presence of the field. Accordingly, a primary aim of the study described in this article was to examine the salience of SEP in academia. Results revealed that instructors generally do not include the field in their courses. Several factors were cited for the lack of inclusion. A secondary aim of this article is to advocate for the relevant inclusion of SEP in such courses. Thus, findings are discussed in relation to their importance for students and professionals, and recommendations are made in order for the field to be included more broadly in courses.
Location, Location, Location! Demonstrating the Mnemonic Benefit of the Method of Loci
Authors: McCabe Jennifer A.
Published: February 2015

Classroom demonstrations of empirically supported learning and memory strategies have the potential to boost students’ knowledge about their own memory and convince them to change the way they approach memory tasks in and beyond the classroom. Students in a Human Learning and Memory course learned about the Method of Loci (MoL) mnemonic technique, then created and used their own Memory Palaces based on campus locations to remember a grocery list. Pretest to posttest improvements in memory for the serially recalled list, along with significant increases in self-reported use of MoL in daily life, suggest that this activity may improve knowledge and application of this powerful memory strategy. More broadly, these types of activities can strengthen undergraduates’ metacognitive sophistication.
Willingness to take care of HIV positive people: Responses from Russian nursing students
Authors: Suominen Tarja , Laakkonen Laura , Lioznov Dmitry , Polukova Maya , Nikolaenko Svetlana , Lipiäinen Liudmila , Välimäki Maritta , Kylmä Jari
Published: February 2015

This article is a report of a study on Russian nursing students’ willingness to take care of people living with HIV or AIDS (PLWHA). HIV and AIDS are continuing to spread in Russia. Nursing students’ willingness to care for people living with HIV or AIDS is one aspect that should also be taken in consideration on this transmission situation. In total, 102 nursing students participated in the study (the response rate was 95.3%). The data were collected using the Nurse Willingness Questionnaire (NWQ) and analysed using SPSS version 15 for Windows. The study showed that nursing students’ willingness to care for PLWHA was low when asked with one general question but quite high when asked more specifically related to some nursing activities. Nursing students were more willing to perform clean nursing activities than activities with infectious risk. There is a great need for improving understanding of and proficiency in safety work with HIV-infected patients.
The efficiency of a typical meteorological year and actual climatic data in the analysis of energy demand in buildings
Authors: Grudzińska Magdalena , Jakusik Ewa
Published: February 2015

A typical meteorological year (TMY) for Poland was developed in 2004, on the basis of climatic data collected from 1971 to 2000. Due to the observed tendency of global warming, the buildings’ energy performance obtained with the use of TMY may differ from the actual heating and cooling demand. This research compares energy demand calculated using TMY and climatic data collected from 2001 to 2012. Calculations were made by means of a simulation computer program, designed for dynamic analyses of buildings and installation systems. The analyses concerned typical living quarters in a multifamily residential building located in Warsaw. According to the results, TMY is useful for estimating the heating demand of existing buildings. Cooling demand calculated with the use of TMY was, however, up to 37% lower in comparison with the mean cooling demand for subsequent years. This may distort the energy needs and indoor environment conditions in summer, and create discomfort while using existing and new buildings.

Practical application: The paper presents comparison between energy demand calculated with the use of typical meteorological year (TMY) based on the climatic data from the period of 1971 to 2000, and real climatic data from subsequent 12 years, 2001–2012. There is substantial difference in the results presenting cooling demand in buildings evaluated with the use of both datasets. Unless national energy certification procedures are updated, this may cause serious faults in building design, due to incorrect assessment of internal conditions in new and existing buildings, and higher than expected energy use in summer.
Threats to Social Identity Can Trigger Social Deviance
Authors: Belmi Peter , Barragan Rodolfo Cortes , Neale Margaret A. , Cohen Geoffrey L.
Published: February 2015

We hypothesized that threats to people’s social (i.e., group) identity can trigger deviant attitudes and behaviors. A correlational study and five experiments showed that experiencing or recalling situations associated with the devaluation of a social identity caused participants to endorse or engage in deviant actions, including stealing, cheating, and lying. The effect was driven by the tendency to construe social identity threats not as isolated incidents but as symbolic of the continuing devaluation and disrespectful treatment of one’s group. Supplementing sociological approaches to deviance and delinquency, the results suggest the relevance and utility of a social-psychological account.
A Meta-Analytic Review of Moral Licensing
Authors: Blanken Irene , van de Ven Niels , Zeelenberg Marcel
Published: February 2015

Moral licensing refers to the effect that when people initially behave in a moral way, they are later more likely to display behaviors that are immoral, unethical, or otherwise problematic. We provide a state-of-the-art overview of moral licensing by conducting a meta-analysis of 91 studies (7,397 participants) that compare a licensing condition with a control condition. Based on this analysis, the magnitude of the moral licensing effect is estimated to be a Cohen’s d of 0.31. We tested potential moderators and found that published studies tend to have larger moral licensing effects than unpublished studies. We found no empirical evidence for other moderators that were theorized to be of importance. The effect size estimate implies that studies require many more participants to draw solid conclusions about moral licensing and its possible moderators.
On Deconstructing Commentaries Regarding Alternative Theories of Self-Regulation
Authors: Bandura Albert
Published: February 2015

The present commentary addresses issues raised in four replies to my editorial on the functional properties of perceived self-efficacy (Bandura, 2012). In my comments on the paper by Jackson, Hill, and Roberts (2012), I discuss the arbitrary nature of “disposition” and question whether an essentially atheoretical computer-structured inventory based on a mixture of superficially assessed habitual behaviors constitutes a theory of personality. In another set of comments, which speak to the paper by Vancouver (2012), I identify two major flaws in Powers’ (1991) perceptual control theory and document experimental compromises in Vancouver’s efforts to demonstrate that goals and self-efficacy operate counteractively. My comments on the Yeo and Neal (2013) paper center on their unsuccessful efforts to explain and verify the proposition that general and specific self-efficacy work at cross-purposes. In response to Bledow’s (2013) entry, I address the conceptual ambiguity of his theory of unconscious self-motivation, misconstruals of the role of self-efficacy in the process of change, and marginalization of the functional role of consciousness in human behavior.
Decreasing the Effects of Relationship Conflict on Family Businesses
Authors: Nosé Lavinia , Korunka Christian , Frank Hermann , Danes Sharon M.
Published: February 2015

The study examines how family climate counteracts the constraints in the business system created by relationship conflict that is known to negatively affect business outcomes (firm satisfaction and firm performance). Cross-sectional self-reported data were obtained from a nationally representative sample of 392 Austrian family businesses. The core tenet of sustainable family business theory provided the theoretical underpinnings for the study’s hypotheses. Family climate includes measures of cohesion, adaptability, and open communication. Results demonstrate the negative effects of relationship conflict on firm satisfaction and firm performance. Adaptability was significantly related to firm performance. Cohesion and adaptability moderated the negative effect of relationship conflict on firm satisfaction; adaptability moderated the negative effect of relationship conflict on firm performance.
Correlation between Sleep Disruption on Postoperative Pain
Authors: Miller Anya , Roth Thomas , Roehrs Timothy , Yaremchuk Kathleen
Published: February 2015

Objectives

To identify the amount of sleep disruption that occurs in the postoperative inpatient hospital setting, determine the relationship between sleep disruption and the quantity of narcotics taken for postoperative pain, and determine if hospital length of stay is related to sleep disruption.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Single tertiary care academic institution.

Subjects and Methods

Fifty patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, between January 2013 and November 2013 were asked to wear an actigraph during their postoperative hospital stay. Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, awake index, total narcotic use, visual analog pain scores, and postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results

Overall sleep efficiency was 61.2% and 66.5% with an awake index of 5.5 and 5.4 for each of the postoperative nights measured. A significant correlation was found between increased self‐reported pain scores and decreased total sleep time (r = −0.31; P =. 03). Spearman correlations between total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and awake index were made with narcotic use on postoperative day (POD) 0 and 1. Longer hospital length of stay was significantly correlated with decreased sleep efficiency (r = −0.35, P =. 01). Complication rates were not statistically different compared with sleep parameters.

Conclusion

Better control of a patient’s pain is associated with greater sleep efficiency and total sleep time. Improvements in sleep efficiency in hospitalized patients may be associated with a decrease in length of stay.
Performing Miracles: Discipleship and the Miracle Tradition of Jesus
Authors: Walker Brandon
Published: February 2015

Utilizing memory, orality and performance this article posits a model of how the miracle tradition of Jesus may have been transmitted. What was spoken of and remembered, specifically, about Jesus’ miracles provided faith and transformation in the discipleship process both during the life of Jesus and after. Jesus extended his ministry to The Twelve and others through calling them to participate in his Kingdom mission through imitating him in word and deed, particularly miracle working.
Evaluating hotel websites as a marketing communication channel
Authors: Ibrahim Masud
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this paper is to assess hotel websites as a marketing communication tool using Kent and Taylor’s (1998) dialogic principles. This study was executed qualitatively using content analysis of 42 hotel websites in Ghana. The results of the study show that hotels in Ghana are adequately utilising websites as a marketing communication tool. The findings further show a preponderant use of the principle of conservation of visitors and the dialogic loop principle by the sampled hotel websites. However, the majority of the sampled websites performed rather poorly on the return visit principle. The research contributes to the scarce literature on hospitality management in an emerging economy context.
Variation in duplex peak systolic velocity measurement in a multi-site vascular service
Authors: Normahani P , Aslam M , Martin G , Standfield NJ , Jaffer U
Published: February 2015

Objective:

Duplex US (DUS) is increasingly utilised as a first-line investigation for the assessment of carotid disease. For clinical decision-making, DUS assessment must be accurate and reproducible to ensure reliability. We aimed to investigate the variability in peak systolic velocity (PSV) measurement in a multi-site vascular network.

Methods:

DUS measurements of PSV were taken from continuous and pulsatile flow, generated by a high fidelity phantom, by 12 experienced vascular scientists across four hospitals. Participants were blinded to the actual PSV value (50 cm/s).

Results:

We observed an average error of 13.2% (± 8.3) and 11.6% (± 7.5) in PSV measurements taken from pulsatile and continuous waveforms, respectively. Measurements of PSV using the pulsatile waveform demonstrated statistically significant variation across all hospitals; ((hospital/mean) A 43.9 cm/s, B 61.7 cm/s, C 57.4 cm/s, D 47.7 cm/s, p=0.001). Further analysis demonstrated statistically significant variation in 4 instrumentation-related factors when measuring from a pulsatile waveform (Doppler angle, angle of insonation, velocity range, scale range).

Conclusion:

We observed a significant level of error and variation in PSV measurements across four sites within our vascular network. Variation in instrumentation-related factors may be accountable for this. In light of the centralisation of vascular services, it is increasingly important to unify and implement scanning protocols in order to reduce error and inter-site variability.
Pulmonary metastases from angiosarcoma: a spectrum of CT findings
Authors: Yogi Akira , Miyara Tetsuhiro , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Iraha Shiro , Matori Shigetaka , Haranaga Shusaku , Murayama Sadayuki
Published: February 2015

Background

Though a few reports have summarized the computed tomography (CT) findings of pulmonary metastases from angiosarcoma, the detailed CT findings of cysts are not well known, except for their characteristic thin walls.

Purpose

To retrospectively summarize the CT findings of pulmonary metastases from angiosarcoma, focusing mainly on the CT findings of cysts.

Material and Methods

Thirty-three patients with pulmonary metastases from angiosarcoma were selected retrospectively. Two radiologists reviewed and assessed patients’ chest CT images on a consensus basis for nodules, cysts, the CT halo sign, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and enlarged lymph nodes. Cysts were also evaluated by wall thickness and smoothness, air-fluid levels, and vessels or bronchi penetrating the cysts. The relationship between cysts and pneumothorax was assessed using the Chi-square test.

Results

Nodules were found in 28 (85%) patients. Cysts were found in 19 (58%) patients; 17 had thin and smooth walls, 10 had thin and irregular walls, and four had thick and irregular walls. In addition, 12 patients showed vessels or bronchi penetrating the cysts, and six showed air-fluid levels. The CT halo sign, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were seen in 19 (58%), 16 (48%), 26 (78.8%), and five (15.2%) patients, respectively. Pneumothorax occurred significantly more frequently in patients with cysts ( P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Cysts showed variability in their walls, and air-fluid levels and vessels or bronchi penetrating the cysts appeared to be characteristic findings, which may be useful for detection and accurate diagnosis in patients with pulmonary metastases from angiosarcoma.