bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Environmental Governance and International Environmental Diplomacy
Authors: Bliznetskaya E.
Published: April 2021

Governance is so commonly used in academic literature and policy papers in the field of international environmental politics and as such has overtaken the words “policy”, “diplomacy” and “cooperation”. This phenomenon has empirical support – environmental policy is one of the most internalized areas of regulation, and states were no longer the sole subject of international rulemaking. The current state of the art in studying global environmental politics is quite paradoxical. Notwithstanding the increased recognition of the importance of non-state, transnational actors and mechanisms to solve global environmental problems, little attention is been paid to the study of the relationship between interstate and non-state forms of interaction. That raises the question of how multilateral environmental diplomacy and global environmental governance are connected with each other in the academic peer-reviewed journals. What kind of international interactions do they study and what links them? To answer these questions, the peer-reviewed articles from SCOPUS and Web of Science databases on multilateral environmental diplomacy and global environmental governance analyzed through a systematic literature review. To understand the nature of the two approaches in studying global environmental politics, I summarize the differences and then identify the links between them. In each of the research areas, sub-directions and the related content were identified, while the typology of the articles allowed to identify the relationships between them. In each of the research areas, sub-directions and the related content were identified, while the typology of the articles helped to highlight the relationships between them. The main finding includes the confirmation that environmental diplomacy and environmental governance studying mostly in isolation from each other. The main finding includes the confirmation that environmental diplomacy and environmental governance studying mostly in isolation especially regarding the interplay between interstate or non-state forms of cooperation as well as assessments of their significance. Two dimensions of the politics – formal negotiations on collective actions and weakly institutionalized public space that involves various stakeholders, movements and initiatives – exists in parallel to each other. At the same time, the study demonstrated the need to develop more responsive notions of international environmental diplomacy, since it is no longer specific only to the study of negotiations and other forms of interstate interaction.
COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE CORONAVIRUSES OF ANIMALS AND SARS-CoV-2
Authors:   Former Director, ICAR- Directorate of Foot and Mouth Disease, Mukteswar, India 263138, Pattnaik Bramhadev , S Patil Sharanagouda ,   ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, S Chandrashekar ,   Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Davangere University, Shivagangotri, Davangere Karnataka-577 007, India, G. Amachawadi Raghavendra ,   Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America, Dash A. P. ,   Former Advisor, WHO-SEARO & Former Vice-Chancellor, Central University, TN, Yadav Mahendra P ,   Former Vice-Chancellor, SVP University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, India 250110, Prasad Kollur Shiva ,   Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka – 570 026, India, P Sushma ,   Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka - 570 015, India, Jain Anisha S ,   Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka - 570 015, India, Shivamallu Chandan ,   Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka - 570 015, India
Published: April 2021

Coronaviruses (CoVs), classified into four genera, viz., alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and Delta- CoV, represent an important group of diverse transboundary pathogens that can infect a variety of mammalian and avian species including humans, animals, poultry, and non-poultry birds. CoVs primarily infect lung and gut epithelial cells, besides monocytes and macrophages. CoVs have high mutation rates causing changes in host specificity, tissue tropism, and mode of virus excretion and transmissions. The recent CoV zoonoses are SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 that are caused by the transmission of beta-CoVs of bats to humans. Recently, reverse zoonoses of the COVID-19 virus have been detected in dogs, tigers, and minks. Beta-CoV strains also infect bovine (BCoV) and canine species (CRCoV); both these beta-CoVs might have originated from a common ancestor. Despite the high genetic similarity between BCoV, CRCoV, and HCoV-OC43, these differ in species specificity. Alpha-CoV strains infect canine (CCoV), feline (FIPV), swine (TGEV and PEDV), and humans (HCoV229E and NL63). Six coronavirus species are known to infect and cause disease in pigs, seven in human beings, and two in dogs. The high mutation rate in CoVs is attributed to error-prone 3′-5′ exoribonuclease (NSP 14), and genetic recombination to template shift by the polymerase. The present compilation describes the important features of the CoVs and diseases caused in humans, animals, and birds that are essential in surveillance of diverse pool of CoVs circulating in nature, and monitoring interspecies transmission, zoonoses, and reverse zoonoses.
TÜRKİYE’DE KAMU ÖZEL ORTAKLIĞI BAĞLAMINDA ŞEHİR HASTANELERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: GÖKKAYA Durmuş
Published: April 2021

Şehir hastaneleri modelinin yapısı, yöntemi, işleyişi, avantajları ve dezavantajları, finansal sürdürülebilirliği ve gelecekteki riskler gibi konuları derinlemesine inceleyip, modelin yönetsel, finansal, hukuki ve sözleşmesel boyutlarının değerlendirmesini yaparak, şehir hastaneleri hakkında genel bir çerçeve ortaya koymaya çalışmak bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında yürütülmüştür. Desen olarak fenomonolojik yöntem kullanılmıştır. Ölçüt örnekleme ve kartopu tekniği kullanılarak araştırmanın katılımcıları belirlenmiştir. 24 kişiyle yapılan derinlemesine görüşme sonucunda araştırmanın verileri elde edilmiştir. Veriler Maxqda analiz programıyla çözümlenerek analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, şehir hastanelerinin avantajları olarak, yeni tesisler olmasından kaynaklı fiziksel imkânları oldukça iyi olarak görülmektedir. Hastanelerin modern bir yapısı, ferah dinlenme salonlarının olması, nitelikli yataklara sahipliği ve teknolojik donanımıyla iyi bir konumda olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Otelcilik hizmetleri olarak kaliteli hizmet ve temizlik gibi konularda da avantajlar sağlandığı görülmektedir. Dezavantajları olarak ise, başta şehir hastanelerinin kamu yatırımlarına göre çok daha maliyetli olması gelmektedir. Uzun süreli sözleşmelerle yönetilecek olmasıyla birlikte bu sözleşmelerin içerdiği bazı yükümlülük problemleri de vardır. Bunların yanında, özellikle büyük şehirlerde kuruluş yerlerinin yanlış seçimi ve planlama hataları beraberinde ulaşım problemlerini getirmiştir. Yine özellikle büyük şehirlerde yatak kapasiteleri olarak büyük hastanelerin kurulması ve bunlara bağlı olarak da hastanelerde gereksiz maliyetlerin oluşması, verimlilik ve etkililik gibi konularda soru işaretleri içermesi de önemli bir dezavantaj olarak durmaktadır.
TURİZM GELİRLERİNİN CARİ İŞLEMLER DENGESİNE ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ ÜZERİNDE YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI İLE ÖNGÖRÜ
Authors: CİNEL Emek Aslı , YOLCU Ufuk
Published: April 2021

Küreselleşen yeryüzünde önemi her geçen gün artan turizm sektörü, döviz geliri, dış ödemeler dengesi üzerindeki olumlu etkisi, meydana getirdiği istihdam ve vergi gelirleriyle ekonomiyi pozitif yönde etkileyen bir faaliyet alanıdır. Farklı birçok hizmet türünü içerisine alan turizm, ekonomide üretim ve tüketim artışına neden olmaktadır. Farklı birçok sektörü kolayca etkileyebildiği için ülkelerin öncelik verdiği, hükümetlerin çeşitli politika ve uygulamalarla daha fazla geliştirmeyi hedeflediği bir sektör pozisyonundadır.

Gelişmekte olan birçok ülke ile benzer biçimde ülkemizde de turizm sektörünün ilerlemesi ekonomik büyümenin sağlanabilmesi bakımından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Turizm gelirleri, ülke ekonomilerine döviz girdisi sağlamakta ve ödemeler dengesini doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, turizm sektörünün dış ticaret dengesi üzerinde yarattığı etkilerin ortaya konulması amaçlanmış, turizm gelirleriyle dış ticaret dengesi arasındaki ilişki yapay sinir ağları yöntemiyle öngörülmeye çalışılmıştır. 2013-2020 dönemini kapsayan dış ticaret dengesi öngörüsünde yapay sinir ağı girdileri olarak aynı döneme ilişkin turizm gelirleri model girdileri olarak kullanılmış ve çözümlemeler, TÜİK’ten elde edilen aylık verilerle gerçekleştirilmiştir.
TURBULENT HEAT TRANSFER FOR INTERNAL FLOW OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL-AL2O3 NANOFLUID IN A SPIRAL GROOVED TUBE WITH TWISTED TAPE INSERTS
Authors: KHUDHEYER Ahmed Fakhrey , AL-ABBAS Audai Hussein , CARUTASİU Mihail-bogdan , NECULA Horia
Published: April 2021

Numerical investigation for turbulent flow of nanofluid (Ethylene glycol/water-Al2O3) is carried out with a volume fraction of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The diameter of solid nanoparticles is equal to 20 nm. The range of Reynolds number in this simulation is from 6300 to 27500 through a three-dimensional steel corrugated spirally tube. For enhancement of the heat transfer performance in internal flow through the horizontal tube, the tube is combined with aluminum twist tape of a thickness of 0.8 mm and a width of 10 mm along the spirally corrugated tube. In the present work, the same twisted ratios TR=(y/w) are implemented for corrugated tube and tape. The predicted results showed that there is a clear increase in the values of heat transfer and the pressure drop in the direction of flow. Furthermore, the friction factor is increased because of the grooved and twisted tape which rise the resistance of the fluid flow. The values of Nusselt number are increased with the VOF of nanofluid. These numerical results are compared with the experiment found in the literature and showed a good agreement.
Acute Toxicity Study of the Combination of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Leave Extracts
Authors: Pratama Nofran Putra
Published: April 2021

Azadirachta indica A.Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Merr.) are medicinal herbs widely used in traditional medicine. Recent research on the combination of these two plants showed aggressive antioxidant activity. The combination results can improve insulin and beta-cell morphology and can increase insulin expression. The variety of activities performed is the basis for conducting acute toxicity tests on the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. to increase public confidence in its efficacy and ensure the safety of its use. The acute toxicity test on the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. was carried out on female Wistar rats by following the 423 procedures of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) Guideline with five groups of experimental animals, namely normal treatment, aquadest solvent treatment and 0.5 Na-CMC 0.5%, a separate treatment of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss., a separate treatment of the ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr., and combination treatment of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and leaves of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. Furthermore, it was proceeded by observing the liver of the experimental animals histopathologically. The acute toxicity test results utilizing the 423 procedures of the OECD did not confirm any death or signs of toxicity in the experimental animals, and histopathological observations did not show any major histopathological damage. Based on these results, according to Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS), the combination of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. and Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. is included in the unclassified category ( 2,000 mg/kg BW.
Evaluation of the Independent Consultation and Investigation Mechanism (MICI) 2021
Authors: Sembler Jose Ignacio , Linares Ana María , Schettino Clara , Russell Nathaniel , Maqueda Stephany , Pedraza Lina , Putic Melanie , Soares Oliveira Thaís , Ahumada Alejandro
Published: April 2021

This evaluation is in response to a request from the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest for OVE to independently examine the MICI policy and its implementation pursuant to the requirement established in the respective policies of each institution. The aim of this evaluation is to inform the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest on the extent to which, under its current policy framework, the MICI has been effective and efficient in (i) resolving the complaints it receives concerning environmental and social impacts of projects due to alleged noncompliance with the IDB Group's environmental and social safeguards policies and standards; and (ii) promoting institutional learning with regard to environmental and social safeguards and standards and their implementation in IDB Group projects. In addition, the evaluation is aimed at reporting on the mechanism's accessibility to requesters and the extent to which the MICI has performed its duties independently, objectively, impartially, and transparently.
Zapalenie starcze - mechanizmy i szlaki sygnałowe
Authors: Grabowska Konstancja , Nowacka-Chmielewska Marta , Barski Jarosław , Liskiewicz Daniela
Published: April 2021

Starzenie się jest złożonym i wieloetapowym procesem, angażującym mechanizmy na poziomie molekularnym, komórkowym i tkankowym. Podczas procesu starzenia się obserwowany jest rozwój przewlekłego, sterylnego stanu zapalnego, który jest określany terminem inflammaging, czyli zapalenie starcze. Zapalenie starcze jest wymieniane jako czynnik ryzyka wystąpienia i progresji chorób przewlekłych, nie tylko tych związanych z wiekiem. Ponadto, zapalenie starcze sprzyja wzrostowi zachorowalności i śmiertelności oraz wpływa na jakość życia osób starszych. Do rozwoju zapalenia starczego przyczynia się starzenie komórkowe oraz zaburzenia w regulacji aktywacji inflamasomów, pracy mitochondriów, autofagii i mitofagii, działania systemu ubikwityna â proteasom i odpowiedzi na uszkodzenia DNA. Powyższe procesy wzajemnie na siebie oddziaływają oraz są modulowane poprzez komórkowe szlaki sygnałowe uczestniczące w regulacji odpowiedzi zapalnej tj.: szlak mTOR, RIG-I, Notch, TGF-b, Ras, oraz regulacja aktywności sirtuin. Szczególną uwagę przypisuje się czynnikowi transkrypcyjnemu NF-kB. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie procesów oraz szlaków sygnałowych leżących u podstaw zapalenia starczego z uwzględnieniem badań klinicznych i eksperymentalnych.
Potencjał autofagii indukowanej przez genisteinę 2 w leczeniu chorób neurodegeneracyjnych
Authors: Pierzynowska Karolina , Cyske Zuzanna , Gaffke Lidia , Rintz Estera , Mantej Jagoda , Podlacha Magdalena , Wiśniewska Karolina , Ĺťabińska Magdalena , Sochocka Maja , Lorenc Patryk , Bielańska Patrycja , Giecewicz Izabela , Węgrzyn Grzegorz
Published: April 2021

Leczenie chorób neurodegeneracyjnych, schorzeń charakteryzujących się postępującą utratą komórek nerwowych, stanowi ogromne wyzwanie współczesnej medycyny. Poszukiwanie leków na te choroby trwa w wielu laboratoriach na świecie. Do dnia dzisiejszego zaproponowano kilka strategii terapeutycznych, które nie wykazują jednak wystarczającej skuteczności albo są jeszcze na wczesnym etapie badań przedklinicznych. Jednym z najnowszych podejść do terapii jest przyspieszona degradacja agregatów białkowych, które stanowią przyczynę aż 70% tych schorzeń. Procesem, który mógłby zostać wykorzystany w tym celu jest autofagia czyli lizosomalna degradacja makrocząsteczek która odpowiednio zaindukowana mogłaby doprowadzić do takiego efektu. Poszukiwania związku, który nie tylko aktywowałby autofagię ale był także bezpieczny w długoterminowym stosowaniu oraz przekraczał barierę krew-mózg doprowadziły do badań nad jednym z flawonoidów, genisteiną, którego szczególnie duże stężenia można znaleźć w soi. Badania przeprowadzone nad tym flawonoidem wskazały jego niezwykłą skuteczność w usuwaniu agregatów białkowych tworzonych przez Î˛-amyloid i hiperfosforylowaną formę białka tau, a także zmutowaną huntingtynę. Co więcej, u zwierząt będących modelami tych chorób wskazano na całkowite zniesienie kognitywnych i motorycznych objawów. Z uwagi na wysokie bezpieczeństwo stosowania genisteiny oraz fakt, że przekracza ona barierę krew-mózg, izoflawon ten jest kandydatem na skuteczny lek w leczeniu nie tylko choroby Alzheimera i Huntingtona ale także innych chorób spowodowanych agregacją białek. W manuskrypcie przedstawiono najnowsze dane dotyczące badań nad zastosowaniem genisteiny w modelach chorób neurodegeneracyjnych ze szczególnym naciskiem na jej działanie zależne od procesu autofagii.
Efficacy of Therapeutic Recreation-Based Drumtastic® and Kid Yoga Rocks in an Early Childhood Public School Setting
Authors: Gorbett Litchke Lyn , Willemin Trason , Willemin Allison , Ekins Carrie , Owens Dean
Published: April 2021

The intent of this study was to compare drumming and yoga to regular classroom physical activity in a school setting. Twenty-nine early childhood students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) engaged in 5-weeks of TR led Kid Yoga Rocks (KYR; n = 10), Drumtastic ® (DR; n = 11), or Classroom/recess control group (CR; n = 8). Statistical analysis revealed significant positive changes pre-post in cognition (p < .001) and mood/fun (p =.003) within DR and KYR groups. Significant positive affect change resulted in DR and KYR vs. CR (p < .001); though no difference between DR and KYR. No significant change in socialization with others pre-post for all three groups. However, near significant between groups change for personal relationships for KYR and DR vs. CR which showed DR significantly better (p = .023). Thus, TR led evidence-based practice in schools as a related service can benefit children with ASD including problem solving, memory, relationship building, and expression of positive emotion. Implications for TR practice in school settings and further research on the effects of yoga and drumming are warrented as a result of this study.
Análise de Eficiência Solar em Painéis Fotovoltaicos
Authors: Gabriel V. Barbosa  , Matheus F. S. Alcântara  , Matheus R. G. Araújo  , Tiago T. Fonseca  , Rosemberg F. N. Rodrigues  , Márcio J. Dias
Published: April 2021

A energia elétrica vem se tornando a cada dia mais indispensável para sobrevivência humana, pois vivemos uma sociedade dependente das tecnologias e que buscam melhorias constantes. Dessa forma, a busca por maior produção de energia limpa e sustentável ao meio ambiente cresce de uma maneira agressiva, partindo desse princípio a energia eólica (força do vento), energia solar (irradiação solar) apresenta uma proposta de energia alternativa, contribuindo assim para preservação do meio ambiente. Este trabalho teve como objetivos encontrar as condições ideias, por meio de estudos da melhor posição dos módulos de produção em uma residência familiar do município de Vianópolis-Goiás. A metodologia utilizada foi realizar medições das produções em intervalos de uma hora (07h às 18h), entre os dias 16/09/2019 a 20/09/2019, alterando o ângulo de inclinação de fixação dos módulos. Os dados foramtratados es tatisticamente com o auxílio de software para demonstrar os resultados graficamente. Os painéis analisados foram de material policristalino da empresa Byd Company Limited com potência máxima 330W. Após a análise estatística dos dados, foi evidenciado que os resultados que apresentaram melhores posicionamento foram das placas no sentido norte, com inclinação 16° sendo também observado que a maior produção foi correspondida entre o período compreendido entre 11h às 13h.
A dinâmica do campo do cinema argentino em meados dos anos noventa
Authors: Abán Ana Gabriela
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a dinâmica do campo do cinema argentino em meados dos anos 90, tomando como referência a teoria dos campos culturais de Pierre Bourdieu. Para tanto, vamos nos concentrar primeiro em algumas reflexões sobre o problema de abordar o estudo do cinema a partir dessa teoria e, em seguida, passaremos à análise propriamente dita. Ao mesmo tempo, tomaremos alguns aspectos da produção cinematográfica de uma diretora, Lucrecia Martel, que nos permitem ilustrar a lógica do campo do cinema argentino deste período e as posições de alguns dos agentes envolvidos, fundamentalmente os críticos.
Sobre "El baile de los solteros"
Authors: Martínez Diego Amoedo
Published: April 2021

Pierre Bourdieu é um dos autores mais destacados do pensamento social francês do passado século XX. Nesta resenha nos propomos a pensar, mostrar e relacionar uma obra “menos conhecida” – como é El baile de los solteros (2004). No percurso da obra, veremos diferentes momentos da carreira intelectual do autor francês, que parte de um trabalho mais etnográfico feito na década de 1960, e também veremos como, com o desenvolvimento do livro, as reflexões teóricas e as categorias vão ganhando espaço em detrimento dos dados mais etnográficos. Através dessa obra, em que aborda o problema da reprodução do campesinato francês na região do Bearne, acompanharemos o processo de aprofundamento e adensamento do pensamento de Pierre Bourdieu.
A transformação das formas
Authors: Azevedo Aina Guimarães
Published: April 2021

A Land Reform na África do Sul dos dias atuais é analisada em termos dos significados que a terra tem para as pessoas negras falantes de isiZulu, em oposição ao que fazendeiros brancos consideram modelos de fracasso. As casas, experienciadas ao longo de vidas marcadas pelo desterro e por mudanças, são apreciadas em sua expressão de conquista, através da história da família Kubheka, contemplada, pelo programa fundiário sul-africano, com uma fazenda (anteriormente de brancos) para morar. A forma das casas é aqui questionada sob a “perspectiva da morada” de Ingold, quando atentamos para o que as pessoas fazem nas casas onde moram para que as considerem lares. Nesse sentido, rituais que relacionam pessoas, ancestrais e casas, como o casamento, surgem como imperativos a serem realizados. Ao lidarem com as diversas formas que pessoas e casas adquirem nas mudanças de moradias e nas performances rituais – que, de algum modo, ao restaurar pessoas e casas às suas formas originais, reinventam as formas atuais –, percebemos a criatividade no processo de morar e de transformar casas em lugares considerados próprios para se viver, nos termos daquilo que as pessoas fazem, ou desejam fazer, e não daquilo que deveriam fazer segundo olhares alheios.
A casa de Fraga
Authors: Martínez Diego Amoedo
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir certos aspectos da vida social de uma pequena aldeia rural da Galiza, chamada Cortellas. Com uma comparação entre as diferentes definições da categoria analítica “Casa” e valendo-nos de exemplos etnográficos da Casa da Fraga ou dos Xulians, tentaremos mostrar algumas mudanças e persistências na organização social da aldeia e da família. Para tanto, num primeiro movimento localizaremos a aldeia e daí partiremos para a discussão de natureza teórica, trazendo as contribuições de autores como Lévi-Strauss, Pierre Bourdieu e Carmelo Lisón Tolosana, que fizeram importantes aportes para essa categoria analítica. Para finalizar, tentaremos fazer uma articulação entre teoria e campo, perpassando diferentes processos a partir de dois eventos centrais da vida social da aldeia: a matança do porco e a festa de San Francisco. Através da descrição das funções que se desenvolvem nesses eventos descreveremos as relações de parentesco e de vizinhança, suas atividades e posições.
A chefia xinguana e suas casas
Authors: Guerreiro Júnior Antonio Roberto
Published: April 2021

De tempos em tempos, os Kalapalo e demais alto-xinguanos constroem estruturas especiais para seus chefes: grandes casas decoradas para chefes vivos, e sepulturas especiais para nobres falecidos – também concebidas como suas “casas”. Neste artigo analiso como estas estruturas guardam uma série de analogias com o modelo de corpo dos chefes, procurando mostrar como casas, sepulturas e corpos nobres objetivam, em diferentes escalas, uma dualidade entre humanidade/consanguinidade e animalidade/afinidade. A partir de um diálogo com as formulações de Lévi-Strauss sobre a Casa, argumento que a chefia xinguana é caracterizada pela síntese de princípios de unidade e antagonismo, cuja objetivação é parte necessária do movimento pelo qual os grupos xinguanos se diferenciam e se identificam no sistema regional, oferecendo as bases do processo do parentesco.
Destabilization in Belarus: Role of the Baltic States
Authors: Olenchenko V.
Published: April 2021

In Belarus, since August 2020, there has been an open confrontation between the Belarusian authorities and the local opposition, which organizes protest actions and seeks to attract the attention of the international community. A number of countries support the opposition and, allegedly advocating its rights interfere in the internal affairs of Belarus. The Baltic states are the most publicly active. The article examines the content of the Baltic intervention in the Belarusian political processes. The method of separate analysis of the motives, grounds and prospects for the participation of the Baltic states in the Belarusian destabilization is used. The results of the study show that the Baltic states do not have effective tools to influence the situation in Belarus, but actively generate support for the opposition, performing a supporting function for the beneficiary countries. The practical conclusion is that Belarus should change the algorithm of bilateral relations with the Baltic states.
Concepts and Models of Environment in Self-Adaptive Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Shin Yong-Jun , Bae Joon-Young , Bae Doo-Hwan
Published: April 2021

The runtime environment is an important concern for self-adaptive systems (SASs). Although researchers have proposed many approaches for developing SASs that address the issue of uncertain runtime environments, the understanding of these environments varies depending on the objectives, perspectives, and assumptions of the research. Thus, the current understanding of the environment in SAS development is ambiguous and abstract. To make this understanding more concrete, we describe the landscape in this area through a systematic literature review (SLR). We examined 128 primary studies and 14 unique environment models. We investigated concepts of the environment depicted in the primary studies and the proposed environment models based on their ability to aid in understanding. This illustrates the characteristics of the SAS environment, the associated emerging environmental uncertainties, and what is expressed in the existing environment models. This paper makes explicit the implicit understanding about the environment made by the SAS research community and organizes and visualizes them.
Spatial Econometric Models Applied to Environmental Pollution: A Literature Review of the Socioeconomics Drivers.
Authors: Cañaveral Manuel , Emmendorfer Leonardo , Spenassato Débora , Azambuja Ana
Published: April 2021

The interest in spatial analysis has been growing in recent years, mainly due to communication technology advance, economic globalization, and the development of new statistical and econometric methods. The main aim of this article is to contribute to the dissemination of spatial econometric applications by presenting some basic theoretical aspects and a literature review of articles that address the socio-economic drivers that lead to environmental pollution. Three spatial regression models are reviewed here: the spatial lag model (SLM), the spatial error model (SEM), and the spatial Durbin model (SDM). A literature search was conducted using specific terms of interest in eight databases, from 1996 to February 2021, where 22 articles were considered for analysis. The results showed that most articles studied environmental problems in China. The most used exploratory spatial analysis model was Moran Index and the most used explanatory spatial analysis models were SDM and SLM.
Influence Comparison of Precursors on LiFePO4/C Cathode Structure for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Hasanah Luthfi Mufidatul , Yudha Cornelius Satria , Muzayanha Soraya Ulfa , Suciutami Diajeng Putri , Sari Atika Aulia Novita , Inayati Inayati , Purwanto Agus
Published: April 2021

Electricity is the most energy demanded in this era. Energy storage devices must be able to store long-term and portable. A lithium ion battery is a type of battery that has been occupied in a secondary battery market. Lithium iron phosphate / LiFePO4 is a type of cathode material in ion lithium batteries that is very well known for its environmental friendliness and low prices. LiFePO4/C powder can be obtained from the solid state method. In this study the variables used were the types of precursors : iron sulfate (FeSO4), iron oxalate (FeC2O4) and FeSO4+charcoal. Synthesis of LiFePO4/C powder using Li:Fe:P at 1:1:1 %mol. Based on the XRD results, LiFePO4/C from FeSO4+charcoal shows the LiFePO4/C peaks according to the JCPDS Card with slight impurities when compared to other precursors. XRD results of LiFePO4/C with precursors of FeSO4 or FeC2O4 shows more impurities peaks. This LiFePO4/C cathode is paired with lithium metal anode, activated by a separator, LiPF6 as electrolyte. Then this arrangement is assembled become a coin cell battery. Based on the electrochemical results, Initial discharge capacity of LiFePO4/C from the FeSO4 precursor is 19.72 mAh/g, while LiFePO4/C with the FeC2O4 precursor can obtain initial discharge capacity of 17.99 mAh/g, and LiFePO4/C with FeSO4+charcoal exhibit initial discharge capacity of 21.36 mAh/g. This means that the presence of charcoal helps glucose and nitrogen gas as reducing agents.
A Novel Method and its Application to Define Maximum Horizontal Stress and Stress Path
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Mahadev Karthik , Edwards Stephen , Rodgerson Alan
Published: April 2021

Maximum horizontal stress (SH) and stress path (change of SH and minimum horizontal stress with depletion) are the two most difficult parameters to define for an oilfield geomechanical model. Understanding these in-situ stresses is critical to the success of operations and development, especially when production is underway, and the reservoir depletion begins. This paper introduces a method to define them through the analysis of actual minifrac data. Field examples of applications on minifrac failure analysis and operational pressure prediction are also presented.

It is commonly accepted that one of the best methods to determine the minimum horizontal stress (Sh) is the use of pressure fall-off analysis of a minifrac test. Unlike Sh, the magnitude of SH cannot be measured directly. Instead it is back calculated by using fracture initiation pressure (FIP) and Sh derived from minifrac data. After non-depleted Sh and SH are defined, their apparent Poisson's Ratios (APR) are calculated using the Eaton equation. These APRs define Sh and SH in virgin sand to encapsulate all other factors that influence in-situ stresses such as tectonic, thermal, osmotic and poro-elastic effects. These values can then be used to estimate stress path through interpretation of additional minifrac data derived from a depleted sand.

A geomechanical model is developed based on APRs and stress paths to predict minifrac operation pressures. Three cases are included to show that the margin of error for FIP and fracture closure pressure (FCP) is less than 2%, fracture breakdown pressure (FBP) less than 4%. Two field cases in deep-water wells in the Gulf of Mexico show that the reduction of SH with depletion is lower than that for Sh.
The First Assessment on Metal Contamination in the Critically Endangered Sawback Angelshark (Squatina Aculeata) From North-Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: TURAN funda , YOLA Mehmet Lütfi , ERGENLER Aysegul , TURAN Cemal
Published: April 2021

A Sawback angelshark (Squatina aculeata) classified as “Critically Endangered” Global Red List by the IUCN (2017) and CITES (2017) is one of the threated elasmobranch groups and the increased pollution in the marine environment negatively impact angelshark species. Despite this, limited information exists about the effects of toxic chemical contamination in angelsharks. Therefore, present study was conducted to elucidate heavy metal accumulation in Squatina aculeata captured from the Iskenderun Bay, North-Eastern Mediterranean by electrochemical technique. Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Mangan (Mn) were found by electrochemical analyzer. These results showed that Fe and Zn were the highest concentrations in all tissues of S. aculeata and, the accumulations of Hg, Fe, Zn and Mn were significantly different in the gill, liver and muscle tissues (P < 0.05). As and Hg concentrations exceeded maximum limit legalized by FAO (2003) and UNEP (2008). This results confirmed that the metal contamination in North-Eastern Mediterranean area may pose a potential threat to the sustainability of S. aculeata in marine ecosystem
ECC-Based Lightweight Authentication And Access Control Scheme For IoT E-Healthcare
Authors: Yao Hailong , Yan Qiao , Fu Xingbing , Zhang Zhibin , Lan Caihui
Published: April 2021

The E-healthcare system has a complex architecture, diverse business types, and sensitive data security. To meet the secure communication and access control requirements in the user-medical server, user-patient, patient-medical server and other scenarios in the E-healthcare system, secure and efficient authenticated key agreement and access authorization scheme need to be studied. However, the existing multi-server solutions do not consider the authentication requirements of the Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN), and are not suitable for user-patient, patient-medical server scenarios; most of the existing WBAN authentication scheme are single-server type, which are difficult to meet the requirements of multi-server applications; the study of user-patient real-time scenarios has not received due attention. This work first reveals the structural flaws and security vulnerabilities of the existing typical schemes, and then proposes an authentication and access control architecture suitable for multiple scenarios of the E-healthcare system with separate management and business, and designs a novel ECC-based multi-factor remote authentication and access control scheme for E-healthcare using physically uncloneable function (PUF) and hash. Security analysis and efficiency analysis show that the new scheme has achieved improved functionality and higher security while maintaining low computational and communication overhead.
Comparison of Radiation-Induced DNA Damage between Conventional and Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography
Authors: Gökalp Gökhan , Ünlü Serkan , Elkama Aylin , Yalçın Alican , Cemri Mustafa , Karahalil Bensu , Erbaş Gonca , Boyacı Nuri Bülent
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Conventional coronary angiography (CCA) and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) are the most frequently used imaging modalities to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD). The amount of radiation and genotoxic damages of these imaging methods showed variation with the improved technology. Thus we sought to compare the ionizing radiation doses and radiation-induced DNA damage in patients who were performed CCA and CCTA.Methods: 76 patients (39 in CCA group, 37 in CCTA group) were enrolled. Patients undergoing CCTA were grouped according to the use of flash technique (22 patients with CCTA-flash, 15 patients with CCTA-other). The effective radiation dose was recorded. Genotoxicity was compared with chromosome aberration test before and after imaging methods.Results: There was a significant difference between the groups in effective radiation doses given to patients. Radiation was lowest in the CCTA-flash group, followed by CCA, and non-flash CCTA group. There was no change in chromosome aberration rate after CCTA-flash group (p = 0.479). There was a significant increase in chromosome aberration rates after CCA and CCTA-other groups (CCA: p = 0.001; CCTA-other: p = 0.01). Conclusions: CTA which was taken with flash technique in dual-energy CT devices delivers lower dose radiation compared to other groups. Due to this significant difference, radiation-induced genetic damage was significantly less in patients with CCTA undergoing flash technique.
Evaluation of the effects of minimum winter temperatures on changing the type of cultivation and changing the use of agricultural lands. (Case study: Urmia county)
Authors: farahmand ghasem , khaledi shariar , tali manijeh ghahroudi
Published: April 2021

Land use and land cover change (LULC) and climate change are among the major threats to the global environment. Assessing the causes of land use change and its relationship with climate change is one of the important issues that understanding its process can help better human interaction with the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of climate change on changing land use and land cover. The indicators used to achieve the mentioned goal are: ((average minimum winter temperatures), Number of days (≤ 0°C), Number of days (≤-10°C) and 30-year Landsat satellite images)), CMIP5(CanESM2) model was used to predict temperature changes and CA-MARKOV model was used to predict land use changes and finally Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to measure the correlation. The results of the study indicated that, there is a direct relationship between changes of minimum winter temperatures and changing the type of cultivation and land use in Urmia city. Also, simulation of temperature changes showed that there is the highest (> 0.8) correlation between rcp4.5 scenarios and land use changes, which indicates a high probability of changes in the specified time period (2018–2033).
An Auction Based Task Dispatching and Pricing Mechanism in Bike-sharing
Authors: Shi Bing , Deng Yaping , Yuan Han
Published: April 2021

As a green and low-carbon transportation way, bike-sharing provides lots of convenience in the daily life. However, the daily usage of sharing bikes results in dispatching problems, i.e. dispatching bikes to the specific destinations. The bike-sharing platform can hire and pay to workers in order to incentivize them to accomplish the dispatching tasks. However, there exist multiple workers competing for the dispatching tasks, and they may strategically report their task accomplishing costs (which are private information only known by themselves) in order to make more profits, which may result in inefficient task dispatching results. In this paper, we first design a dispatching algorithm named GDY-MAX to allocate tasks to workers, which can achieve good performance. However it cannot prevent workers strategically misreporting their task accomplishing costs. Regarding this issue, we further design a strategy proof mechanism under the budget constraint, which consists of a task dispatching algorithm and a worker pricing algorithm. We theoretically prove that our mechanism can satisfy the properties of incentive compatibility, individual rationality and budget balance. Furthermore we run extensive experiments to evaluate our mechanism based on a dataset from Mobike. The results show that the performance of the proposed strategy proof mechanism and GDY-MAX is similar to the optimal algorithm in terms of the coverage ratio of accomplished task regions and the sum of task region values, and our mechanism has better performance than the uniform algorithm in terms of the total payment and the unit cost value.
Creating a Safe Haven for Children: The Effect of Parent-Child Attachment and Parenting Strategy on Children’s Risk Perceptions to Climate Change
Authors: Zhong Shuang , Cheng Qiu , Jia Guangyuan , Ngok Kinglun
Published: April 2021

Children’s climate change risk perceptions including their attitudes and mitigation behaviors, which are crucial to protect themselves from the consequence of climate extremes. However, recent studies have not identified the complex interplay effects between children’s climate change risk perceptions and their family relationships. This study explored the effects of parent-child attachment, parenting strategies as well as their co-influence on children’s risk perceptions to cope with climate changes through investigating a pilot disaster education program in China. Data was collected from 1,710 children aged 8–12 in 45 primary schools in Sichuan Province in 2018. We used Ordinary Least Square Regression and Principal Component Analysis to evaluate the effects of parent-child attachment, different parenting styles and their co-influencing mechanism on children’s risk perceptions. The results found that frequent parent-children interactions had significantly positive effects on children’s risk perceptions, and these effects were more significant in the single-raised children than the children raised by two parents. We further established a conceptual framework for understanding the different parent-child attachment patterns for children’s climate change risk perception based on a mathematical quadrant between frequent parent-child interactions and available attached figures, and found children’s risk perceptions are varied attributed to different patterns of parent-child attachment. Theoretical implications related to climate change and practical implications for family and community mitigation were discussed.
Baseline Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Bivalve Shellfish From Commercial Growing Areas in the Estuaries of Ashtamudi and Vembanad (Kerala, India)
Authors: Chinnadurai Shunmugavel , de Campos Carlos Jose Alexandre , Geethalakshmi Vaithianathan , Kripa Vasant , Mohamed Kolliyil Sunil
Published: April 2021

Trace metal concentrations were monitored in the yellow clam (Paphia malabarica), green mussel (Perna viridis) and edible oyster (Crassostrea madrasensis) from growing areas in the Ashtamudi and Vembanad estuaries, Kerala. Ranges of mean annual concentrations (mg/kg) were Ni (0.46–0.65); Co (2.87–3.49); Fe (80.0–119.4); Mn (3.88–9.38); Zn (40.8–76.2); Pb (1.28–2.00); Cu (1.59–4.38). In Ashtamudi, clams had higher mean concentrations of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and Pb than oysters. Mean concentrations of Ni, Pb (in all species), Zn (in clams and mussels) and Cu (in mussels) did not exceed maximum permissible limits mandated by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. Mean Mn concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization guideline in the three species while mean Fe concentrations in clams and oysters did not exceed the guideline. Target hazard quotients were generally ≤ 1, except for a few Pb results in clams and mussels. Although results suggest no health risk to consumers for the reference doses, daily intakes and elements considered, regular monitoring of trace metals is recommended to maintain consumer protection given increasing anthropogenic and climatic pressures on the shellfish growing areas.
Catalytic Oxidation of Methylene Blue by Attapulgite/TiO2
Authors: Shang Jianping , Jiang Yu , Qin Xiaoping , Zhao Bin , Li Xuefei
Published: April 2021

Methylene blue(MB) is a common pollutant in wastewater of printing and dyeing. At present, ozone oxidation is commonly used in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater. Ozone is oxidized by direct reaction and indirect reaction, However, the reaction rate is not high and it is impossible to completely mineralize organic matter. The experimental scheme is to impregnate the attapulgite(ATP) with a volume of tetrabutyl titanate-ethanol solution. The TiO2/attapulgite nanocomposite with high catalytic activity was prepared. The synthesized samples were subjected to characterized by X-Ray diffraction(XRD). The morphology and particle size of the particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The attapulgite modified by TiO2 was calcined at 300°C for 2 h, and the degradation rate of 80 mg/L methylene blue was 99.8%. The experimental results show that the ozone, temperature and mass transfer factors are excluded, and the effects of temperature, MB concentration and pH on the degradation of methylene blue are investigated. The optimal reaction conditions are as follows: The ozone concentration is 0.067 g/min; the ozone flow rate is 0.15 NL/min; the stirrer rotation speed is 550 r/min; the catalyst is 0.1 g; the temperature is 50°C; Based on the results, the reaction mechanism was derived and the kinetic study of the experiment was carried out.
Dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids in relation to general and abdominal obesity
Authors: Asoudeh Farzaneh , Salari-Moghaddam Asma , Keshteli Ammar Hassanzadeh , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Adibi Peyman
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Despite the huge evidence on the link between dietary protein intake and obesity, limited studies have examined the role of individual amino acids in this regard. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary total and individual BCAAs intake and odds of general and abdominal obesity in a large group of adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 8691 adults aged 18-55 years in Isfahan, Iran. Dietary BCAAs were assessed using a validated dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (DS-FFQ). Information about weight and waist circumference were collected through a self-reported validated questionnaire. General obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, and abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥88 cm for women and ≥102 cm for men.Results: Mean age of study participants was 36.8±8.1 years. Prevalence of general obesity was 9.2% in men and 9.7% in women and that of abdominal obesity was 13.3% and 36.2% in men and women, respectively. We found that participants in the top tertile of total BCAAs intake had higher odds of general obesity compared with those in the bottom tertile (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.09-1.84). Such significant association was seen in men (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.05-2.34), but not in women (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 0.94-1.89) in our stratified analysis. We found no significant association between total BCAAs intake and odds of abdominal obesity. Stratified by sex, no significant association was observed between total BCAAs intake and odds of abdominal obesity [for men: (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.74-1.65) and for women: (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.84-1.38)]. Assessing the association with individual BCAAs, a significant positive association was observed between dietary intake of valine (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.10-1.84), leucine (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.10-1.86), and isoleucine (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.09-1.84) with general obesity. We observed no significant association between dietary intake of individual BCAAs intake and odds of abdominal obesity.Conclusion: Dietary BCAAs intake was associated with an increased odds of general obesity, in particular among men. No significant association was observed between dietary BCAAs and abdominal obesity.Level of evidence: Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.