bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign Direct Investment in the Power and Energy Sector, Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Latief Rashid , Lefen Lin
Published: January 2019

Pakistan significantly contributes to the overall economy of South Asia, but, for many years, it has been facing a severe energy crisis. Despite the robust economic growth and a sharp increase in energy demand, no deliberate efforts have been made to meet the energy demand of the country. Similar to other developing countries, foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a key role in the economic development of this country. Pakistan receives FDI from many countries in various sectors of the economy. This paper aims to highlight the present situation of the power and energy sector of Pakistan (PESP), and empirically analyze the causality among the FDI in the power and energy sector, the energy consumption, and the economic growth of Pakistan for the period 1990–2017. The Johansen co-integration and Granger causality tests were employed to find the causal relationships among the variables of interest in the short-run and the long-run. The sector-wise flow of FDI reveals that the power and energy sector of Pakistan (PESP) has comparatively received a higher amount of FDI than other sectors of the economy in recent years. Furthermore, trends of energy production and energy usage reveal a substantial gap in previous years. The results confirm a positive bi-directional short-run causal relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. The results also reveal the presence of long-run causality in the equation of energy consumption. Considering the current situation of PESP, policy-makers should formulate policies to attain the minimum debt level and discourage loan-based investment. Such policies would be helpful to control the severe energy crisis and increase economic growth.
Economic Impact and Risk Assessment of Sand and Dust Storms (SDS) on the Oil and Gas Industry in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Hemoud Ali , Al-Dousari Ali , Misak Raafat , Al-Sudairawi Mane , Naseeb Adil , Al-Dashti Hassan , Al-Dousari Noor
Published: January 2019

There is a lack of published research on the economic effect and the risk associated with sand and dust storms (SDS) worldwide. The objectives of this study are to estimate the economic impact of SDS on the oil and gas industry in Kuwait, to estimate a risk index for each loss, and to recommend a sustainable system for the mitigation of the damaging effects and economic losses of infrastructures. Hot spots of wind erosion, wind corridors, and dust frequency and severity formed the basis to locate the most susceptible oil and gas fields and operations. Ten sectors with potential loss vulnerabilities were evaluated: exploration, drilling, production, gas, marine, soil remediation, project management, water handling, maintenance, and research and development. Sand encroachment, although not a sector per se, was also considered. The results indicate that sand, and to lesser extent dust, are damaging and costly to the oil and gas infrastructure of Kuwait, with an economic cost estimation of US$9.36 million, a total of 5159 nonproductive lost hours, and 347,310 m3 of annual sand removal. A risk assessment identified three sectors with the highest risk indices (RI): drilling (RI = 25), project management (RI = 20), and maintenance (RI = 16). Sand encroachment also constituted a high risk (RI = 25). Mitigation of sand storms using a hybrid biological–mechanical system was shown to be cost-effective with an equivalent saving of 4.6 years of sand encroachment. The hazard implications of sand storm events continue to be a major concern for policy-makers given their detrimental economic impacts, and require that government officials wisely allocate investment budgets to effectively control and mitigate their damaging effects.
Exploring Symmetry of Binary Classification Performance Metrics
Authors: Luque Amalia , Carrasco Alejandro , Martín Alejandro , Lama Juan Ramón
Published: January 2019

Selecting the proper performance metric constitutes a key issue for most classification problems in the field of machine learning. Although the specialized literature has addressed several topics regarding these metrics, their symmetries have yet to be systematically studied. This research focuses on ten metrics based on a binary confusion matrix and their symmetric behaviour is formally defined under all types of transformations. Through simulated experiments, which cover the full range of datasets and classification results, the symmetric behaviour of these metrics is explored by exposing them to hundreds of simple or combined symmetric transformations. Cross-symmetries among the metrics and statistical symmetries are also explored. The results obtained show that, in all cases, three and only three types of symmetries arise: labelling inversion (between positive and negative classes); scoring inversion (concerning good and bad classifiers); and the combination of these two inversions. Additionally, certain metrics have been shown to be independent of the imbalance in the dataset and two cross-symmetries have been identified. The results regarding their symmetries reveal a deeper insight into the behaviour of various performance metrics and offer an indicator to properly interpret their values and a guide for their selection for certain specific applications.
A Crucial Role of Attention in Lateralisation of Sound Processing?
Authors: Hausberger Martine , Cousillas Hugo , Meter Anaïke , Karino Genta , George Isabelle , Lemasson Alban , Blois-Heulin Catherine
Published: January 2019

Studies on auditory laterality have revealed asymmetries for processing, particularly species-specific signals, in vertebrates and that each hemisphere may process different features according to their functional “value”. Processing of novel, intense emotion-inducing or finer individual features may require attention and we hypothesised that the “functional pertinence” of the stimuli may be modulating attentional processes and hence lateralisation of sound processing. Behavioural measures in “(food) distracted” captive Campbell’s monkeys and electrophysiological recordings in anesthetised (versus awake) European starlings were performed during the broadcast of auditory stimuli with different functional “saliences” (e.g., familiar/novel). In Campbell’s monkeys, only novel sounds elicited lateralised responses, with a right hemisphere preference. Unfamiliar sounds elicited more head movements, reflecting enhanced attention, whereas familiar (usual in the home environment) sounds elicited few responses, and thus might not be arousing enough to stimulate attention. In starlings, in field L, when awake, individual identity was processed more in the right hemisphere, whereas, when anaesthetised, the left hemisphere was more involved in processing potentially socially meaningless sounds. These results suggest that the attention-getting property of stimuli may be an adapted concept for explaining hemispheric auditory specialisation. An attention-based model may reconcile the different existing hypotheses of a Right Hemisphere-arousal/intensity or individual based lateralisation.
The LUCID Detector for LHC Run-2
Authors: Sbarra Carla ,   On behalf of the ATLAS Collaboration
Published: January 2019

LUCID (LUminosity Cerenkov Integrating Detector) is the main luminosity monitor of the ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC Apparatus) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and in particular is the only one capable of providing bunch-by-bunch luminosity information, both online and offline, for all beam conditions and luminosity ranges. LUCID-2 refers to the detector upgrade designed to cope with the running conditions to be met in Run-2 (2015–2018): a center of mass energy of 13 TeV, with 50 pp interactions per bunch-crossing on average and a 25 ns bunch-spacing. This report summarizes all changes with respect to the detector deployed in Run-1 (2010–2012), including smaller sensors for higher granularity, new readout electronics for early signal digitization, and a completely new calibration concept guaranteeing long-term stability of the detector response. In addition, the overall detector performance in Run-2 and preliminary results on luminosity measurements are presented.
A Novel Partitivirus in the Hypovirulent Isolate QT5-19 of the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Kamaruzzaman Md , He Guoyuan , Wu Mingde , Zhang Jing , Yang Long , Chen Weidong , Li Guoqing
Published: January 2019

A pink isolate (QT5-19) of Botrytis cinerea was compared with three gray isolates of B. cinerea for growth and morphogenesis on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and for pathogenicity on tobacco. A double-stranded (ds) RNA mycovirus infecting QT5-19 was identified based on its genome feature and morphology of the virus particles. The results showed that QT5-19 grew rapidly and established flourishing colonies as the gray isolates did. However, it is different from the gray isolates, as it failed to produce conidia and sclerotia asthe gray isolates did. QT5-19 hardly infected tobacco, whereas the gray isolates aggressively infected tobacco. Two dsRNAs were detected in QT5-19, dsRNA 1 and dsRNA 2, were deduced to encode two polypepetides with homology to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and coat protein (CP), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of RdRp and CP indicated that the two dsRNAs represent the genome of a novel partitivirus in the genus Alphapartitivirus, designated here as Botrytis cinerea partitivirus 2 (BcPV2). BcPV2 in QT5-19 was successfully transmitted to the three gray isolates through hyphal contact. The resulting BcPV2-infected derivatives showed rapid growth on PDA with defects in conidiogenesis and sclerogenesis, and hypovirulence on tobacco. This study suggests that BcPV2 is closely associated with hypovirulence of B. cinerea.
Flow Experience in Paragliding: Effects on Experience and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Ayazlar Reyhan Arslan , Yüksel Atila
Published: January 2019

Although individuals' life satisfaction have been studied in a tourism setting, there has been limited research suggesting the flow experience as a predictor of life satisfaction. Studies investigating the antecedents of flow experience in an adventure setting are also scarce. Therefore,
this study was aimed to explore the interrelationships among these constructs using a quantitative design. A sample drawn from 296 paragliding participants in Turkey was used. Structural equation modeling approach was utilized to test the research model. The results strongly supported six
of seven hypotheses; the sense of control dimension was not supported. Sensation seeking dimension was first time supported as an antecedent of flow experience in paragliding activity. Challenge–skill balance and concentration were also found as strong antecedents of flow state. The
direct and indirect relationships through experience satisfaction between flow experience and life satisfaction was also demonstrated in this setting. Results are discussed and recommendations are identified for adventure tourism managers.
Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors
Authors: Abels Claudio , Qualtieri Antonio , Lober Toni , Mariotti Alessandro , Chambers Lily D , De Vittorio Massimo , Megill William M , Rizzi Francesco
Published: January 2019

Background:Flow stimuli in the natural world are varied and contain a wide variety of directional information. Nature has developed morphological polarity and bidirectional arrangements for flow sensing to filter the incoming stimuli. Inspired by the neuromasts found in the lateral line of fish, we present a novel flow sensor design based on two curved cantilevers with bending orientation antiparallel to each other. Antiparallel cantilever pairs were designed, fabricated and compared to a single cantilever based hair sensor in terms of sensitivity to temperature changes and their response to changes in relative air flow direction.

Results:In bidirectional air flow, antiparallel cantilever pairs exhibit an axially symmetrical sensitivity between 40 μV/(m s−1) for the lower air flow velocity range (between ±10–20 m s−1) and 80 μV/(m s−1) for a higher air flow velocity range (between ±20–32 m s−1). The antiparallel cantilever design improves directional sensitivity and provides a sinusoidal response to flow angle. In forward flow, the single sensor reaches its saturation limitation, flattening at 67% of the ideal sinusoidal curve which is earlier than the antiparallel cantilevers at 75%. The antiparallel artificial hair sensor better compensates for temperature changes than the single sensor.

Conclusion:This work demonstrated the successive improvement of the bidirectional sensitivity, that is, improved temperature compensation, decreased noise generation and symmetrical response behaviour. In the antiparallel configuration, one of the two cantilevers always extends out into the free stream flow, remaining sensitive to directional flow and preserving a sensitivity to further flow stimuli.
Selective ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclobutenes. Unsymmetrical ladderphane containing polycyclobutene and polynorbornene strands
Authors: Ke Yuan-Zhen , Huang Shou-Ling , Lai Guoqiao , Luh Tien-Yau
Published: January 2019

At 0 °C in THF in the presence of Grubbs first generation catalyst, cyclobutene derivatives undergo ROMP readily, whereas norbornene derivatives remain intact. When the substrate contains both cyclobutene and norbornene moieties, the conditions using THF as the solvent at 0 °C offer a useful protocol for the selective ROMP of cyclobutene to give norbornene-appended polycyclobutene. Unsymmetrical ladderphane having polycyclobutene and polynorbornene as two strands is obtained by further ROMP of the norbornene appended polycyclobutene in the presence of Grubbs first generation catalyst in DCM at ambient temperature. Methanolysis of this unsymmetrical ladderphane gives polycyclobutene methyl ester and insoluble polynorbornene-amide-alcohol. The latter is converted into the corresponding soluble acetate. Both polymers are well characterized by spectroscopic means. No norbornene moiety is found to be incorporated into polycyclobutene strand at all. The double bonds in the polycyclobutene strand are mainly in cis configuration (ca 70%), whereas the E/Z ratio for polynorbornene strand is 8:1.
ON THE SOLUTIONS OF THE LUCAS-UZAWA MODEL
Authors: Chilarescu Constantin
Published: January 2019

In a recent paper, Naz and Chaudry provided two solutions for the model of Lucas-Uzawa, via the Partial Hamiltonian Approach. The first one of these solutions coincides exactly with that determined by Chilarescu. For the second one, they claim that this is a new solution, fundamentally different than that obtained by Chilarescu. We will prove in this paper, using the existence and uniqueness theorem of nonlinear differential equations, that this is not at all true.
ALMA Observations of the Molecular Gas in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 3557
Authors: Vila-Vilaro Baltasar , Espada Daniel , Cortes Paulo , Leon Stephane , Pompei Emanuela , Cepa Jordi
Published: January 2019

We present the results of CO interferometric observations of the southern elliptical galaxy NGC 3557 with ALMA. We have detected both the CO(1–0) emission line and a relatively strong continuum at 3 mm. The continuum shows a flat-spectrum central unresolved source (at our angular resolution of 0.″7) and two jets, associated with the larger-scale emission observed at lower frequencies. The molecular gas in NGC 3557 appears to be concentrated within 250 pc of the center, and shows evidence of organized rotation along the same axis as the stellar component and the symmetry axis of the nuclear dust absorption reported in the literature. We obtained

of molecular gas, which has an average CO(2–1) to CO(1–0) line ratio of 0.7, which is relatively high when compared with the values reported in the literature for bona fide ellipticals observed with single-dish telescopes. NGC 3557 shows further a high excitation peak (i.e., CO(2–1)/CO(1–0) ≈ 1.1 ± 0.3) offset 0.″7 from the center, which appears to be associated with a region of higher velocity dispersion that does not share the overall rotation pattern of the molecular gas, but aligned with the radio jet. The molecular gas disk in this object appears to be stable to local gravitational instabilities.
Whistler Wave Generation by Halo Electrons in the Solar Wind
Authors: Tong Yuguang , Vasko Ivan Y. , Pulupa Marc , Mozer Forrest S. , Bale Stuart D. , Artemyev Anton V. , Krasnoselskikh Vladimir
Published: January 2019

We present an analysis of simultaneous particle and field measurements from the ARTEMIS spacecraft, which demonstrates that quasi-parallel whistler waves in the solar wind can be generated locally by a bulk flow of halo electrons (whistler heat flux instability). ARTEMIS observes quasi-parallel whistler waves in the frequency range ∼0.05−0.2f

ce
simultaneously with electron velocity distribution functions that are a combination of counter-streaming core and halo populations. A linear stability analysis shows that the plasma is stable when there are no whistler waves, and it is unstable in the presence of whistler waves. In the latter case, the stability analysis shows that the whistler wave growth time is from a few to 10 seconds at frequencies and wavenumbers that match the observations. The observations clearly demonstrate that the temperature anisotropy of halo electrons crucially affects the heat flux instability onset: a slight anisotropy T
∥/T
⊥ > 1 may quench the instability, while a slight anisotropy T
∥/T
⊥ < 1 may significantly increase the growth rate. These results demonstrate that heat flux inhibition is strongly dependent on the microscopic plasma properties.
Ultralow-amplitude RR Lyrae Stars in M4
Authors: Wallace Joshua J. , Hartman Joel D. , Bakos Gáspár Á. , Bhatti Waqas
Published: January 2019

We report evidence for a new class of variable star, which we dub millimagnitude RR Lyrae (mmRR). From K2 observations of the globular cluster M4, we find that out of 24 horizontal branch stars not previously known to be RR Lyrae variables, two show photometric variability with periods and shapes consistent with those of first-overtone RR Lyrae variables. The variability of these two stars, however, has amplitudes of only one part in a thousand, which is ∼200 times smaller than for any RR Lyrae variable in the cluster, and much smaller than any known RR Lyrae variable generally. The periods and amplitudes are 0.33190704 day with 1.0 mmag amplitude, and 0.31673414 day with 0.3 mmag amplitude. The stars lie just outside the instability strip, one blueward and one redward. The star redward of the instability strip also exhibits significant multi-periodic variability at lower frequencies. We examine potential blend scenarios and argue that they are all either physically implausible or highly improbable. Stars such as these are likely to shed valuable light on many aspects of stellar physics, including the mechanism(s) that set amplitudes of RR Lyrae variables.
Analysis of mitochondrial genomes resolves the phylogenetic position of Chinese freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionidae)
Authors: Wu Rui-Wen , Liu Xiong-Jun , Wang Sa , Roe Kevin J. , Ouyang Shan , Wu Xiao-Ping
Published: January 2019

The Yangtze River basin is one of the most species-rich regions for freshwater mussels on Earth, but is gravely threatened by anthropogenic activities. However, conservation planning and management of mussel species has been hindered by a number of taxonomic uncertainties. In order to clarify the taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of these species, mitochondrial genomes of four species (Acuticostachinensis,Schistodesmuslampreyanus,CuneopsisheudeiandCuneopsiscapitatus) were generated and analyzed along with data from 43 other mitogenomes. The complete F-type mitogenomes ofA.chinensis,S.lampreyanus,C.heudei, andC.capitatusare 15652 bp, 15855 bp, 15892 bp, and 15844 bp, respectively, and all four F-type mitogenomes have the same pattern of gene arrangement. ML and BI trees based on the mitogenome dataset are completely congruent, and indicate that the included Unionidae belong to three subfamilies with high bootstrap and posterior probabilities, i.e., Unioninae (Aculamprotula,Cuneopsis,Nodularia, andSchistodesmus), Anodontinae (Cristaria,Arconaia,Acuticosta,Lanceolaria,Anemina, andSinoanodonta), and Gonideinae (Ptychorhynchus,Solenaia,Lamprotula, andSinohyriopsis). Results also indicate thatA.chinensishas affinities withArconaialanceolataandLanceolariagrayiiand is a member of the subfamily Anodontinae.
Le psychanalyste et son Surmoi (normal et pathologique)
Authors: Sedlak Vic
Published: January 2019

La première partie de cet article passe en revue différentes manières d’envisager le concept de Surmoi, notamment en ce qui concerne sa genèse et ses fonctions. Il décrit deux théories générales du développement du Surmoi, l’une et l’autre ayant été introduites par Freud. La première considère que le Surmoi est essentiellement d’origine œdipienne ; la seconde lui reconnaît une origine plus précoce. En même temps, ces différents points de vue recouvrent la controverse relative à l’utilité du concept de pulsion de mort. L’auteur suggère qu’il est intéressant de faire la différence entre un Surmoi normal et pathologique et que ces deux modèles distincts de Surmoi sont implicites tant dans l’œuvre de Freud que de Klein. Les vues de Strachey (1934) sur la nature de l’effet mutatif du traitement psychanalytique sont brièvement examinées à la lumière de cette distinction. Il est fait l’hypothèse que Strachey aurait hésité à clarifier pleinement les implications de ses conceptions, notamment en ce qui concerne les difficultés qu’éprouve le psychanalyste à interpréter le transfert. L’auteur soutient que cette difficulté est liée à l’angoisse du psychanalyste de n’avoir pas pu suffisamment perlaborer le contre-transfert, notamment par rapport au fonctionnement de son propre Surmoi. Deux vignettes cliniques viennent illustrer ce point de vue. La dernière partie de l’article propose des commentaires sur le développement émotionnel du psychanalyste et la façon dont sa croissance en tant que psychanalyste impliquera un certain assouplissement de sa position analytique et une plus grande tolérance vis-à-vis de la prérogative du patient d’apporter dans la cure toute la palette de sa personnalité.
Learning Pain Assessment and Management: A Goal of the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium
Authors: Sherman Deborah Witt , Matzo Marianne LaPorte , Paice Judith A , McLaughlin Maureen , Virani Rose
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: Relief of pain for patients requires that palliative care practitioners have knowledge and skill in both pain assessment and the use of pharmacologic and complementary therapies.

Method: Pain assessment and management and the teaching strategies suggested within the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium curriculum are presented.

Results: By addressing the pain experienced by patients with life-limiting illnesses and those at the end of life, the quality of care can be greatly improved. As a multidimensional phenomenon that relates to physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being, the relief of pain enhances the quality of life of patients and lessens the stress experienced by family caregivers.

Conclusion: The relief of pain and suffering is consistent with the philosophy and goals of nursing as a profession and is a nursing responsibility.
Challenges of Web-Based Education in Educating Nurses About Evidence-Based Acute Pain Management Practices for Older Adults
Authors: Schmitt Mary Belding , Titler Marita G , Herr Keela A , Ardery Gail
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Internet technology holds potential as a valuable educational tool, but several challenges continue to impede its use. This article describes the use of a web-based course to educate staff nurses regarding evidence-based acute pain management practices for older adults. Specific areas highlighted include: the steps involved in creating the webbased course; the materials and support required to disseminate the course; the challenges encountered in promoting use of the course; and responses to and evaluations of the course. The authors' experiences provide knowledge to assist other healthcare professionals on the use of a web-based course to educate staff nurses.
Educating Nurses for Leadership Roles
Authors: Heller Barbara R , Drenkard Karen , Esposito-Herr Mary Beth , Romano Carol , Tom Sally , Valentine Nancy
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

As a result of the growing shortage of nurses and the dramatically changing role of the front-line nurse manager, leadership education for nurses is of critical importance. The purpose of the project described in this article was to design, implement, and evaluate an innovative model of nursing leadership development for students enrolled in registered nurse to bachelor of science in nursing or registered nurse to master of science in nursing programs. A guided "action-learning" course was designed that focused on both core knowledge and experiential learning. The course was developed with the assistance of an advisory panel of prominent nurse leaders with expertise in administration, health policy, informatics, and nursing education. The prototype course was offered for the first time as an elective in Spring 2003. Evaluation data indicated that the course was considered valuable by students and with modifications suggested by students, faculty, and advisory panel members, the course would be offered regularly as part of the curriculum. Recommendations also included adapting course content to a continuing education format.
Teaching Cognitive Rehearsal as a Shield for Lateral Violence: An Intervention for Newly Licensed Nurses
Authors: Griffin Martha
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: Recent literature defines lateral violence as nurses covertly or overtly directing their dissatisfaction inward toward each other, toward themselves, and toward those less powerful than themselves. Newly licensed nurses are an identified group that is vulnerable to lateral violence during their socialization to nursing practice. The use of cognitive rehearsal, an applied cognitive-behavioral technique, was used as an intervention and the theoretical underpinning for this study.

Method: Twenty-six newly licensed nurses hired by a large acute care tertiary hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, participated in an exploratory descriptive study. They were taught about lateral violence in nursing practice and the use of cognitive rehearsal techniques as a shield from the negative effects of lateral violence on learning and socialization. Small laminated cueing cards with written visual cues for the appropriate responses to the most common forms of lateral violence were provided. One year later, videotaped focus groups designed to collect qualitative data about the applied intervention were conducted.

Results: Twenty-six newly licensed nurses in three different focus groups were videotaped responding to six open-ended questions designed to elicit information on their experience with lateral violence, use of cognitive rehearsal as an intervention, and the overall socialization process.

Conclusions: Knowledge of lateral violence in nursing appeared to allow newly licensed nurses to depersonalize it, thus allowing them to ask questions and continue to learn. The learned cognitive responses helped them confront the lateral violence offender. Confrontation was described as difficult but resulted in the resolution of the lateral violence behavior. Overall, the retention rate in this study population was positively affected.
Teaming With Students and a Sacred Cow Contest to Make Changes in Nursing Practice
Authors: Leake Penny Y
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Many current nursing traditions and practices were developed over time by nurses who used a trial and error method of research. Nursing has passed along these practices through nursing education programs and in the policies and procedures established by hospitals. Do these practices have sound scientific principles behind their use, or are they just traditions that are difficult to change? This article explores the experience of one educator trying to make changes in the attitudes of students toward research and suggests how this process can be applied in the dayto-day practice of staff nurses.
Online Education: Needs Assessment for Faculty Development
Authors: Ali Nagia S , Hodson-Carlton Kay , Ryan Marilyn , Flowers James , Rose Mary Annette , Wayda Valerie
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

The rapidly evolving paradigm of technology-based education has increased the number of faculty teaching online. The role of faculty has changed from the traditional classroom instruction format to an online community of learning. Therefore, faculty development in online education becomes a critical component during this transitional period. A survey of faculty of the College of Applied Science and Technology in a midwestern university was conducted to identify their level of perceived expertise in online teaching and the priorities of areas to be addressed in faculty development sessions. Benner's five-stage sequential transformation from novice to expert was used to construct the questionnaire. Results showed that faculty who taught online perceived their level of expertise to range from advanced beginner to competent, whereas faculty who had not taught online were at the novice and advanced beginner levels. Redesigning and rethinking faculty roles emerged as the number one priority area to be addressed in continuing education sessions. Implications for faculty development for online education sessions are presented.
Nurturing Critical Thinkers
Authors: Dickerson Pamela S
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

The continuing education environment offers unique opportunities to assist nurse learners in developing critical thinking skills. Adjustments in typical teaching strategies and learner approaches to learning are required to facilitate this process. Suggestions are provided to assist the continuing education educator in developing, implementing, and evaluating learning activities that stimulate critical thinking abilities.
The Effects of a Theory-Based Training Program on Nurses' Self-Efficacy and Behavior for Smoking Cessation Counseling
Authors: Barta Sandra K , Stacy Richard D
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: Cigarette smoking continues to put Americans at risk for serious health consequences and early death. Nurses play an important role in disseminating smoking cessation interventions to patients in the hospital. However, nurses are not prepared for smoking cessation counseling.

Method: A quasi-experimental design was used. Fifteen nurses participated in the Clinical Practice Guideline "5 A's" brief intervention training program, completing a survey during three time periods.

Results: There were several statistically significant changes in the dependent variables for self-efficacy and behavior for smoking cessation counseling.

Conclusion: Results of this study support further research and theory-based training for nurses.
Corneal Aberrations and Visual Performance After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Applegate Raymond A , Howland Howard C , Sharp Richard P , Cottingham Andrew J , Yee Richard W
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Refractive surgery and videokeratography have allowed us to study the effects on visual performance of relatively large changes in corneal aberration structure induced by surgical changes in corneal shape.

METHODS: We quantified in one eye of nine normal and 23 radial keratotomy patients, the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) and corneal first surface wavefront variance for two artificial pupil sizes (3 and 7 mm). Contrast sensitivity was measured with sine-wave gratings at six spacial frequencies. Wavefront variance was derived from videokeratographs using Zernike polynomials.

RESULTS: For normals eyes there were no significant changes over time. For eyes that had radial keratotomy, there were significant pupil sizedependent changes. For the 3 mm pupil, there were significant surgery-induced changes in the corneal wavefront variance which became large (approximately 30 times preoperative values) at 7 mm. Significant correlated changes in AULCSF for the 7 mm pupil but not for the 3 mm pupil occurred immediately following surgery and remained.

CONCLUSIONS: Radial keratotomy, like photorefractive keratectomy, shifts the distribution of aberrations from third order dominance (coma-like aberrations) to fourth order dominance (sphericallike aberrations). Radial keratotomy-induced aberrations and loss in contrast sensitivity are reduced with increasing clear zone diameter. Radial keratotomy induces an increase in the optical aberrations of the eye and the increase for large pupils (7 mm) but not small (3 mm) is correlated to a decrease in contrast sensitivity. [J Retract Surg 1998;14:397-4071
Invisibilité des risques sanitaires et ambivalences des héritages industriels en Seine-Saint-Denis
Authors: Croisé Axelle , Sierra Alexis , Lysaniuk Benjamin
Published: January 2019

L’histoire industrielle de la Seine-Saint-Denis a fortement marqué son territoire. Pourtant, ses traces, matérielles et immatérielles, sont menacées par les transformations urbaines, économiques, sociales et politiques du département et avec elles la mémoire des conditions sanitaires de travail. Le présent article analyse la visibilité d’une dégradation de la santé - immédiate ou plus tardive - des travailleurs et des riverains au regard des choix d’aménagement des anciens sites industriels. Dans un contexte où la Seine-Saint-Denis est déjà porteuse de nombreuses représentations négatives, nous constaterons que le « recyclage urbain » de ces sites tend à les valoriser (ou à valoriser le devenir du terrain) contribuant à rendre invisibles les conséquences sanitaires des activités productives - passées et présentes - dans le département.
Géographie et lieux de chant à Shanghai
Authors: Defoin-Merlin Sarah
Published: January 2019

Cet article propose une analyse de Shanghai par ses lieux de chant. Une telle méthode, ancrée dans la géographie musicale, permet de rendre compte de manière originale de la planification et de l’organisation spatio-temporelle et socio-culturelle de la ville. La répartition, l’implantation, l’architecture, la temporalité et la fréquentation des lieux de chant témoignent des politiques urbaines et culturelles et illustrent la structuration et le fonctionnement de la société shanghaienne. L’émergence de pratiques urbaines particulières, la modification de la perception de la ville par ses habitants et le réaménagement de certains espaces publics provoqués par le chant révèlent également de nouvelles dynamiques urbaines et sociales.
Quand les savoirs font ressource : constructions sociales et intégrations territoriales.
Authors: Sérandour Audrey
Published: January 2019

À partir du cas du lithium sud-américain, nous proposons une analyse du rôle des savoirs dans la construction d’une ressource et dans les dynamiques spatiales associées. Nous partons du constat que la multiplication des projets d’exploitation en Argentine, en Bolivie et au Chili s’accompagne d’une production croissante de savoirs universitaires sur le lithium de ces pays, sans toutefois que ces derniers soient mis à profit par les multinationales minières. En effet, celles-ci développent leurs propres savoirs à l’étranger, intégrant ainsi les gisements dans des réseaux mondiaux de mise en valeur de la ressource. L’hypothèse ici défendue est qu’à défaut de participer directement à l’exploitation du lithium, les savoirs produits dans le « triangle du lithium » jouent un rôle social et politique participant à l’intégration du gisement à d’autres échelles : régionale, nationale, locale.
Cyber + Culture
Authors: Sample Char , Cowley Jennifer , Bakdash Jonathan Z.
Published: January 2019

Technical advances in cyber-attack attribution continues to show incremental improvement. A growing interest in the role of the human in perception management, and decision-making suggest that other aspects of human cognition may be able to help inform attribution, and other aspects of cyber security such as defending and training. Values shape behaviors and cultural values set norms for groups of people. Therefore, they should be considered when modeling behaviors. The lack of studies in this area requires exploration and foundational work to learn the limits of this area of research. This chapter highlights some of the findings of some of the recent studies.
Cyber-Aggression in Higher Education
Authors: Wright Michelle F.
Published: January 2019

Emerging adults are actively engaged in a digital world in which blogs, social networking sites, watching videos, and instant messaging are a typical part of their daily lives. Their immersion in the digital world has occurred for as long as many of them can remember, with many not knowing a world without our modern technological advances. Although the digital age has brought us many conveniences in our daily lives, there is a darker side to emerging adults' involvement with these technologies, such as cyber aggression involvement. This chapter draws on research from around the world, utilizing a variety of research designs, to describe the nature, extent, and consequences associated with emerging adults' involvement in cyber aggression. Concluding the chapter is a solutions and recommendation section in which various recommendations are given to help colleges and universities strive to reduce cyber aggression on their campuses among their students.
Emerging Adults' Coping Strategies
Authors: Wright Michelle F.
Published: January 2019

The present study examined coping strategies for cyber victimization among 270 (130 women) emerging adults, and how these strategies related to cyber aggression one year later (Time 2). The most frequently utilized coping strategies among emerging adults were telling one's friends and ignoring the aggressor. The coping strategies of telling no one, getting revenge against the aggressor, pretending it didn't happen, waiting for the aggressor to stop, and crying were related to cyber victimization one year later. Blocking the aggressor and getting revenge against the aggressor were associated with Time 2 cyber aggression perpetration. Tell my friends related negatively to their involvement in cyber aggression. This research has implications for interventions aimed at reducing these behaviors among emerging adults.
Cyber Attacks, Contributing Factors, and Tackling Strategies
Authors: Bordoff Samantha , Chen Quan , Yan Zheng
Published: January 2019

This article describes how as access to the Internet has increased, cybersecurity has become important, with businesses and the government spending much time and resources to combat cyber attacks. The purpose of this article was to review the existing literature related to cybersecurity. Specifically, the review synthesizes the empirical research in (1) various types of cyber attacks, (2) contributing factors related to cybersecurity behavior, and (3) strategies to improve cybersecurity behavior. The most developed line of research in this area has been focusing on the strategies to improve cybersecurity behavior, showing a questionable trend of quickly creating solutions before fully conceptualizing the problem.
Smartphone Guns Shooting Tweets
Authors: Kiggins Ryan
Published: January 2019

This chapter investigates the increasing use of social media during a 2012 flare up in armed conflict between Hamas and the state of Israel. Through tweet and counter tweet, Israel, Hamas, and digital recruits engage in a duel as lethal to identity as kinetic projectiles. Internet connected devices such as smartphones have become hostile agents through the republishing of social media content. Such devices and social media content have material affects beyond the geographic battlespace. The advent of Internet connected devices and social media content concomitant with their use during armed conflict by hostiles beyond the geographic battlespace suggest that patterns of conflict are rapidly changing calling into question the notion of hostile, hostile acts, and battlespace. In a social media and smartphone saturated era, who and what counts as hostile (people, smartphones, and tweets) is increasingly ambiguous.
Privacy Concerns and Smartphone App Purchase Behavior in Malaysia
Authors: Belkhamza Zakariya , Niasin Mohd Adzwin Faris
Published: January 2019

The online privacy concerns remain a top priority for every smartphone users, specifically those involved in mobile purchase activities. Studies showed that it is an important factor that affects attitude and intention to purchase smartphone apps. Although there are significant number of theories and research on the effect of privacy concerns on purchase intention in the general concepts on information systems and e-commerce, there is little evidence if the results of these findings still hold true in the mobile technology context. The objective of this chapter is to investigate the issue of privacy concerns on the attitude and purchasing intention among Malaysian smartphone users. This chapter investigates the role of privacy concerns in influencing the decision-making process. The chapter provides significant insights on the issue of privacy concerns in the usage of smartphones which can help developers such as Google and Apple to improve their apps stores to provide better protection for users' privacy and security in Malaysia.
Smartphones and Their Increased Importance in U.S. Presidential Elections
Authors: McNeal Ramona Sue , Schmeida Mary , Bryan Lisa Dotterweich
Published: January 2019

Early researchers had predicted that the Internet might help to encourage political participation through its ability to make political information more accessible. Unfortunately, disparities in Internet access made it unlikely that the Internet would have much of an impact on voter turnout. Telecommunication technology has evolved and among these new advances is smartphones, which help to increase Internet access. The purpose of this chapter is to examine this argument by exploring the relationship between smartphone ownership and voting. This topic is explored using multivariate regression analysis and individual level data from the 2012 American National Election Studies. Findings suggest that smartphones are helping to increase voter turnout through their ability to facilitate other online activities such as visiting candidate websites and taking part in political discussion through social networking sites.
The Impact of Human Behavior on Cyber Security
Authors: Houston Nancy
Published: January 2019

Perhaps the greatest challenge to cyber security is that people are inherently behind each cyber problem as well as its solution. The reality is that people have been stealing secrets and information and attacking others for thousands of years; the technology of the Internet just allows it to happen at a faster pace and on a larger scale. This chapter describes aspects of human behavior that impact cyber security efforts. Cognitive overload, bias, incentives and behavioral traits all affect the decision making of both those who develop policy and strategy, those who fall victim to cyber attacks, and those who initiate cyber attacks. Although limited research has been completed on the behavioral aspects of cyber security, many behavioral principles and models are applicable to cyber security issues.
Adolescents' Experiences of Cyberbullying
Authors: Gao Minghui , Zhao Xu , McJunkin Mark
Published: January 2019

This paper reports a multi-method study that investigated adolescents' experiences of cyberbullying. Sixty-one students (grades 10-12) responded to a survey that requires answers of both quantitative and qualitative nature. Quantitative data were statistically analyzed to understand frequencies and compare gender and grade differences. Qualitative data were coded to identify themes. Results suggest that a substantial portion of adolescents have experienced cyberbullying of various types. Significant gender differences exist in cyberstalking, with girls being more likely than boys to be subject to cyberstalking. Significant grade related differences exist in cyberstalking and exclusion, with 12th graders more likely to be victims of cyberstalking and exclusion than 10th and 11th graders. The majority of adolescents are unwilling to report cyberbullying experiences to adults due to reasons including lack of awareness or underestimating the negative effect of cyberbullying, fear of adults' overreaction, and the desire to deal with the problem by themselves.
Social Media and Identity
Authors: Melonashi Erika
Published: January 2019

The present chapter aims to explore the relationship between social media and identity by reviewing theoretical frameworks as well as empirical studies on the topic. Considering the complexity of the concept of identity, a multidisciplinary theoretical approach is provided, including Psychological Theories, Sociological Theories and Communication Theories. These theories are revisited in the context of online identity formation and communication through social media. Different aspects of identity such as gender identity, professional identity, political identity etc., are discussed and illustrated through empirical studies in the field. Moreover, the role of social media as a factor that might either promote or hinder identity development is also discussed (e.g., phenomena such as cyber-bulling and internet addiction). Finally recommendations and suggestions for future research are provided, including the need for multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to the investigation of the relationships between social media and identity.
Adolescent Problematic Gaming and Domain-Specific Perceptions of Self
Authors: Mills Devin J. , Mettler Jessica , Sornberger Michael J. , Heath Nancy L.
Published: January 2019

Problematic video game use (PVGU) is an inability to meet personal and social responsibilities due to video gaming. It is estimated to affect 5 to 6% of adolescents. Research demonstrates greater video game engagement is associated with a poorer perception of self in several domains; however, the relation between PVGU and self-perception has not yet been examined. The present study explored this association using a sample of 758 Grade 7 adolescents (55.1% Female; Mage = 12.34 years; SD = 0.49 years). Results revealed greater PVGU to be associated with a poorer perception of self within the behavioural conduct and close friendship domains. Similar differences emerged when examining reports of self-perception across the PVGU classifications (i.e., None, Minimal, At-Risk, Problematic). Unexpectedly, two interactions between gender and PVGU classifications were observed for the behavioural conduct and self-worth domains of self-perception. The discussion addresses the implications of these findings and points to areas of future research.
An Empirical Study of Smartphone User Behavior
Authors: Hsu Chin-Lung , Chuan-Chuan Lin Judy
Published: January 2019

This study investigates determinants of the adoption behavior of smartphone users. Despite the increasing number of smartphone users, the literature on information technology usage has paid little attention to the motivation behind smartphone adoption. This study identifies three determinants of smartphone adoption behavior: innovative characteristics, brand equity and social influences. Data were collected from 293 smartphone users. The analytical results have indicated that users choose to use smartphone not only for its usefulness, enjoyment and compatibility to their lifestyle (i.e. innovative characteristics), but also for its cost effectiveness (i.e. brand equity). Additionally, users will search for related information for the suitability of their adoption decisions (i.e. social influence). Together, the above factors account for over 60 percent of adoption behaviors. Moreover, the findings also indicate that perceptions of use varied over the innovation diffusion stage. Implications and suggestions for practitioners are also discussed.