bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promotional practices in mission and vision statements of corporate companies: A systemic functional linguistic analysis
Authors: Aib Iman , Shehzad Wasima , Irshad Sadia
Published: September 2021

Promotional strategies have become discursive practices in corporate companies’ mission and vision statements. However, less focus was given to the role of grammar in shaping this text type as part of promotional discourse. Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is arguably the most definite and certain linguistic analysis as a meaning-making resource. Hence, the purpose of this study was to use transitivity grammar theory in SFL to analyse the use of experiential processes in enacting promotional rhetorical moves. Following purposive sampling, mission and vision statements of hundred international companies, which were ranked by current market capitalization, were selected. Using textual analysis, we applied transitivity grammar theory to manually analyse promotional rhetorical moves. The results were quantified and presented in tabulation form. The findings revealed that mental and relational processes are favoured grammatical patterns used by corporate firms to write mission statements that focus on building public image and establish self-concept. The findings of this research can prove helpful for other corporate companies to use similar grammatical patterns to develop mission and vision statements.
Técnicas de lactancia materna. Manejo del agarre para una lactancia efectiva
Authors: Araque Sanguinetti Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2021

La parte más importante de una lactancia materna exitosa es el agarre. Existen técnicas específicas de lactancia que se pueden utilizar al sujetar al bebé al pecho. La posición en la que se sostiene el lactante también es crucial. Cuando se obtiene una buena posición y agarre, la lactancia materna puede ser una experiencia maravillosa. No importa cuán desafiante pueda ser la lactancia materna al principio, con mucha paciencia y mucha práctica, llegará el día en que la lactancia materna se convertirá en lo natural.
Nutrición materna durante el amamantamiento
Authors: Mariño Elizondo Mariana
Published: September 2021

La alimentación de la mujer durante el embarazo y período de lactancia, y la del niño en los dos primeros años de vida (los primeros 1 000 días) resultan cruciales para el desarrollo y la salud en ese momento y en etapas posteriores. Mediante una revisión no sistemática de artículos nacionales e internacionales se abordan los temas de requerimientos nutricionales durante período de amamantamiento, nutrientes clave de la alimentación, alimentos fuente y suplementación de micronutrientes, y efectos de la dieta y estado nutricional materno en la composición de la leche; resaltando la necesidad de una dieta equilibrada que no excluya per se ningún alimento y que garantice el aporte de nutrientes vinculados al neurodesarrollo, en especial ácidos grasos omega 3.
La depresión perinatal: ¿Cuándo referir?
Authors: Belfort Edgar
Published: September 2021

No hay duda en afirmar que el período perinatal es una época de alto riesgo para el inicio de desórdenes depresivos, asociada a morbilidad y a mortalidad substanciales, incluyendo suicidio maternal. Los factores psicosociales, como el conflicto con la pareja, el apoyo social deficiente, la vida estresante en curso y la enfermedad mental perinatal, entre otros, son una complicación significativa del embarazo y del período posparto. Estos trastornos incluyen depresión, trastornos de ansiedad y psicosis posparto.
Patología quirúrgica de la mama y su relación con la lactancia
Authors: Mora Eddy Verónica
Published: September 2021

Los hallazgos anatómicos e histológicos de las lesiones de mama asociadas al embarazo/lactancia y las dificultades diagnósticas son discutidas. Estas lesiones incluyen el adenoma de la lactancia, mastitis, absceso, galactocele, fibroadenomas, cáncer y metástasis. En muchos casos no difieren de los hallazgos de las pacientes no gestantes, sin embargo, otras específicas de la gestación tienen hallazgos clínicos y ultrasonográficos sospechosos y son necesarias biopsias para el diagnóstico diferencial entre benigno o maligno.
Papel del pediatra en la promoción de la lactancia materna
Authors: Mata de Carreño Katyuska
Published: September 2021

Los pediatras deben mantener y actualizar su formación en lactancia humana y ejercer como promotores, defensores y educadores de esta y no limitarse a delegar este papel en otros trabajadores o en voluntarios no médicos. La lactancia materna confiere beneficios amplios y bien establecidos, está reconocida como un derecho humano y como una medida de salud preventiva extremadamente eficaz, por lo tanto, debe promocionarse y fomentarse universalmente.
La consulta prenatal como herramienta para fomentar la lactancia humana
Authors: Castro Napolitano Jessica
Published: September 2021

El embarazo es un momento importante para apoyar la decisión de amamantar, corregir información equivocada, aportar información valiosa, y de alentar a aquellos progenitores que están indecisos sobre ofrecer lactancia humana. La OMS recomienda la lactancia humana exclusiva durante los primeros 6 meses y complementada hasta los 2 años, debido a las ventajas que trae para los progenitores y los niños, sin embargo, existen estudios que demuestran que, en la mayoría de los casos, en los países desarrollados todavía introducen alimentos complementarios antes de los 6 meses de edad.
Manejo del parto para minimizar la interferencia en la lactancia
Authors: Badell Madrid Elvia
Published: September 2021

Los nacimientos que ocurren en mujeres sin factores de riesgo de tener complicaciones ellas o sus bebés, al inicio y durante el trabajo de parto, al momento del parto podría ser crítico para la sobrevida de ambos, si surgen complicaciones. Iniciar la lactancia al nacimiento, es la mejor defensa. Mejorar las prácticas de lactancia salvará vida a millones de niños en el mundo.
Anatomía y fisiología de la lactancia
Authors: Madrid Elvia
Published: September 2021

Las glándulas mamarias son sudoríparas, apocrinas modificadas estructuralmente. Inician su desarrollo entre la adolescencia y el embarazo, en el alumbramiento lo completan con la producción y salida de la leche. Formadas a partir de brotes germinales epiteliales, originan conductos galactóforos de distinto calibre, por donde circula la leche desde las glándulas, en los lóbulos mamarios, al exterior. Estos conductos se ramifican cerca del complejo areola-pezón, inmersos en el tejido graso que rodea al tejido glandular, sostenido por bandas aponeuróticas que mantiene su posición erecta en el tórax.
Contacto piel con piel en el posparto inmediato
Authors: González Ninelmar
Published: September 2021

El contacto piel con piel (CPP) se adoptó en el mundo anglosajón que es el equivalente al método canguro de los países en vía de desarrollo, donde se busca crear un vínculo único, estrecho, permanente entre los padres y sus hijos; que conlleva a una transición del ambiente intrauterino al extrauterino; el pecho de su madre si es obtenido por parto normal o de su padre si existe algún impedimento para llevarlo a cabo.
A case of prenatally diagnosed prune belly syndrome variant and congenital pouch colon in the United States: A case report
Authors: Yilma Mignote , Trang Karen , Schwab Marisa , Bowman Max , Sugi Mark , Courtier Jesse , Baskin Laurence , Ozgediz Doruk
Published: September 2021

Background: Prune belly syndrome (PBS) and congenital pouch colon (CPC) are rare congenital syndromes with a low incidence in the United States (U.S.) with most CPC cases being from India. In this case report, we describe, to the best of our knowledge, the first PBS variant and CPC patient in the U.S.
Case Presentation: A 30-year-old G2P0010 woman was referred to a tertiary center after an 18-week ultrasound showed a fetal abdominal mass. A prenatal MRI showed a dilated loop of bowel containing a mixture of urine and meconium, oligohydramnios, and a protuberant abdominal wall. Born at 37 weeks, the child’s physical exam was notable for a distended abdomen with thin abdominal musculature, non-palpable bilateral testes, no anal opening, and flat buttocks. Intra-operatively, a dilated cecum/ascending colon was noted with an abrupt change in caliber at the transverse colon, bilateral enlarged ureters, a left testis at the internal ring and no visualized right testis. A colostomy and mucous fistula were created 5 cm from the sigmoid pouch.
Conclusion: While most reported cases of CPC undergo single stage repair (one operation) at 1 day of life, our patient underwent the first procedure of a staged repair at 16 hours of life given his clinical instability at the time as well as his unknown urological anatomy in the setting of urinary obstruction. This case demonstrates the importance of fetal imaging, multidisciplinary approach at a tertiary care center, and reinforces a staged repair when necessary.
Pandangan HAMKA Terhadap Komunisme
Authors: Roma Roma Wijaya
Published: September 2021

Komunisme adalah paham kepemilikan bersama yang diusung oleh Karl Marx. Perkembangan paham komunis meluas sampai kepada system politik yang Nampak dictator terhadap rakyatnya sendiri. Pada keputusan TAP MPRS No. XXV/MPRS/1966 melarang organisasi komunis di Indonesia. Hamka seorang mufassir, cendekiawan tegas nan sopan dalam kitab tafsir Al-Azhar memberikan kritikan terhadap ajaran-ajaran komunis. Adapun pokok ajaran Komunisme adalah falsafah yang berdasarkan materialisme-historis, skeptis terhadap agama dan mengingkari adanya Tuhan, melenyapkan ikatan keluarga dan menjadikan wanita milik bersama, menghapuskan hak milik perseorangan atas alat-alat produksi dan kekayaan, memperjuangkan secara kasar dan melaksanakan cita-citanya dengan sistem diktator-proletar. Penafsiran Hamka terhadap beberapa ayat yang menjadi dasar pelarangan komunis adalah Q.S. Al-Jatsiyah(45): 22, Q.S. Yunus (10): 99, Q.S. Al-Anfal(8): 75, dan Q.S. Ali Imran (3): 159. Walaupun secara eksplisit tidak Nampak komentar langsung terhadap komunisme oleh Hamka, tetapi makna implisit penafsiran Hamka terhadap ayat-ayat tersebut menunjukkan kritik tegasnya.
Açık Kaynak İş Zekâsı Uygulaması
Authors: DİNÇER Dursun , SARI Sefa , ÇER Erdem , KAMAŞAK Mustafa
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmada açık kaynak kodlu teknolojiler ile geliştirilen yakın gerçek zamanlı iş zekâsı uygulaması açıklanmakta ve elde edilen sonuçlar irdelenmektedir. Uçtan uca kullanılacak bir raporlama aracı her sektörden şirketin ihtiyacı olup açık kaynak raporlama araçları lisans maliyetleri konusunda şirketlerin yükünü oldukça hafiflettiği için tercih edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarla alt yapı olarak büyük veri üzerindeki çalışmaları, tahminleme modelleri, karar destek algoritmaları ve öğrenen modellerin geliştirilebileceği bir altyapı geliştirilerek, geniş bir veri tabanı portföyünü, yakın gerçek zamanlı raporlamayı, mobil cihazlarla uyumluluğu destekleyen iş zekâsı uygulaması yaklaşık 1000 kullanıcının kullanımına açılmıştır.
COVID-19 E OS DANOS AO APARELHO OLFATÓRIO CAUSANDO ANOSMIA
Authors: Hantt Corrêa  Lima Jonas , Scheer Ely Carolina , Reis Krug Bruna , Becker Klein Marina , Prezzi Brum Rafaela , Klering Barros Bruna , Wilsmann Curi Pereira Fabrício , Kochhann Sheila Beatris
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Elencar estudos que mostram a relação de danos a longo prazo no olfato de pacientes adultos com COVID-19 (coronavírus disease), de modo a facilitar o acesso a informações sobre o manejo dessa sequela e desse modo realizar a abordagem do problema. A COVID-19, causada pelo SARS-CoV-2 surgiu na região leste asiática e tornou-se uma pandemia provocando a morte de milhões de indivíduos. Febre, dispneia, tosse, artralgia, mialgia, cefaleia, rinorreia e diarreia são os sintomas mais prevalentes, além de alterações olfativas e gustativas, que comumente causam a anosmia e disgeusia. A presente revisão de literatura objetiva elencar as relações entre danos longos ao olfato em pacientes com Covid-19 e seus possíveis tratamento. Dessa maneira realizamos uma revisão narrativa da literatura na base PUBMED com as seguintes palavras-chave: “loss smell”; “Covid-19”; “chronic damage”. Sendo assim encotramos 7 artigos, foi descartado dois artigos, o primeiro por relacionar perda de olfato por COVID-19 em crianças apenas, fato raro nessa faixa etária. E o segundo, por fuga do tema.
FINANCIAL CONTROL PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION IN GARISSA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Dagane Mohamed , Kihara Allan
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The current study sought to establish how financial control practices influences financial sustainability of Non-Governmental Organization in Garissa County, Kenya. The study specifically sought to establish how financial reporting, financial monitoring, financial audits and financial risk assessment influences financial sustainability of NGOs.

Methodology: The study was anchored on the following theories:  Agency Theory, Liquidity Trade-Off Theory, Cash Management Theory And The Rent Theory of Profitability. The study employed a descriptive survey research design and targeted 50 Non-Governmental Organizations operating in Garissa County. The unit of observation comprised of one finance manager and one operational manager from each of the NGO. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Structured questionnaires were used in collecting the data. The study employed both inferential and descriptive statistics to analyze the collected data. Both SPSS software and MS Excel was used in generating the statistics. The study conducted a pilot study in 10 NGOs from Wajir County to assess the reliability and validity of the data collection instrument. The results of the study were presented in form of figures and tables. 

Results: The results of the study revealed that financial reporting, financial monitoring, financial audits and financial risk assessment impacts financial sustainability of NGOs to a positive and significant level as shown by Beta value of 0.317, 0.213, 0.447 and 0.376 respectively. This implies that increase in one unit of each of the variables results to an increase in the financial sustainability levels of NGOs with the respective beta values.

Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice The study recommended that there is a need for the NGOs operating in Garissa County to enhance their financial reporting practices, financial monitoring practices, financial audit practices and financial risk assessment practices since the practices bears a positive and a significant effect on financial sustainability of the organization.
An Effective Control Strategy for Pitch control of Wind Energy System Connected with Grid
Authors:   Dept. of EEE, Bhilai Institute of technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India., Kumar Devendra , Verma Dr. Abhishek ,   Dept. of EEE, Bhilai Institute of technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India., Mishra, Dr. Anup ,   Dept. of EEE, Bhilai Institute of technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India., Gautam Ritu ,   Dept. of EEE, Bhilai Institute of technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India., Tamrakar Dr. Ashish Kumar ,   Dept of CS, RCST, Durg Chhattisgarh, India
Published: September 2021

Recently the main concern all over the world is carbon emission reduction and due to this renewable energy sources are the main point of attraction for the power generation. Especially wind energy into the electrical power grid is extensively increased, the influence of the wind turbine system on the voltage stability and frequency becomes more and more significant. Wind turbine rotor has different types of loads and these loads results in fatigue and vibration in blades. These loads and losses can overcome by using a good pitch controller. As we know that energy extracted is limited according to Betz law but with the help of good pitch angle controllers it is possible to get desired output in certain conditions. A maximum performance can be obtain by designing a good pitch angle controller. A system with wind turbine generator system connected with grid is designed and simulated in Matlab software with the PID control system and the results are evaluated and by analysing these results some future analysis can be planned.
Design and Simulation of MPPT Control Strategy for Solar PV by Using Fuzzy Control
Authors:   Dept. of EEE, Bhilai Institute of technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India., Verma Abhishek , Nand Thakur Brahma ,   Dept. of EEE, Bhilai Institute of technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India., Verma Dr. Abhishek ,   Dept. of EEE, Bhilai Institute of technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India., Mishra Dr. Anup ,   Dept. of EEE, Bhilai Institute of technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India., Tamrakar Dr. Ashish Kumar ,   Dept of CS, RCST, Durg Chhattisgarh, India.
Published: September 2021

This Paper presents the simulation of a solar PV module with a maximum power point tracking algorithm using fuzzy logic controller. MPPT can be done by using various methods like PI control and perturbation and observation method. For increasing the efficiency of solar PV it is necessary. Different methods are available to generate maximum power in different weather conditions. This model contains a PV module with DC- DC boost converter. The Fuzzy logic based is proposed in this method to increase the voltage PV module. The proposed method use the fuzzy logic control to initiate the control command of boost converter. . This work is all about the design of a control system to retrieve maximum output from the radiations and to get a better power quality without any harmonics and distortions. The PV system is developed and simulated with the help of MATLAB/ Simulink software environment.
A Review on Protective Action of Herbal Drugs Against Fall-Off Libido Due to Chronic Use of Β-Blockers(Propranolol)
Authors:   Appasaheb Birnale College Of Pharmacy Sangli, Maharashtra. India-416416., A Mr. Himanshu , Shingade  ,   Appasaheb Birnale College Of Pharmacy Sangli, Maharashtra. India-416416., J. Pawar Miss. Janhavi ,   Appasaheb Birnale College Of Pharmacy Sangli, Maharashtra. India-416416., S. Naikwade Dr. Nilofar. ,   Appasaheb Birnale College Of Pharmacy Sangli, Maharashtra. India-416416., S.Gavade Mr. Rajkumar ,   Appasaheb Birnale College Of Pharmacy Sangli, Maharashtra. India-416416., S. Jadhav Miss. Snehal ,   Appasaheb Birnale College Of Pharmacy Sangli, Maharashtra. India-416416., S. Patil Mr. Sudhir
Published: September 2021

From the ancient times human have always tried to correct the sex related problems from various herbal medicinal plants and their extracts with various dosage forms. The history of sex therapy is very old and herbal drugs have been the great reliever as the sex therapy from the evolution of human. Instead of the current scenario with the synthetic compounds the herbal drugs are far more safe and comparatively effective without any serious side effects. Antihypertensives such as β-blockers can cause the side effects which are responsible for the diminished quality of life. The chronic use of such drugs can be more fatal in some cases than their actual gain. Several sexual problems can occur such as erectile dysfunction , loss of libido, ejaculation disorders etc. The phytochemicals found in the plants which are having aphrodisiac properties shows sildenafil like effect on human body without the side effects of synthetic compound. The pharmaceutically active compounds found in natural aphrodisiacs such as flavonoids , saponins, free amino acids and vitamins are known to be libido enhancer and hence useful in treating sexual disorders. The natural aphrodisiacs can be derived from any source including medicinal plants , vegetables, flowers ,roots or fruits and their pharmacological potential varies as per the part of the plant used. The target of this review article is to deliver information about medicinal plants for the protective action against fall-off libido due to chronic use of β-blockers and to investigate for further secondary phytochemicals for aphrodisiac potential.
Influence of Anisotropy Properties of as-Rolled CMn Plate on Welding Induced Distortion
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Vallam, Thanjavur- 613 404, India., Jeyasimman D. , Ramasamy N. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Vallam, Thanjavur- 613 404, India., Pramod R. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620 015, India., Shanmugam N. Siva ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620 015, India.
Published: September 2021

Welding induced distortion remain persistent problems leading to the inferior on Product Quality. The study is to investigate on welding induced angular distortion due to effect of anisotropy properties of the As-rolled C-Mn plate. The outcome could enhance the minimum distortion while cutting the raw material on rolling direction for fabrication process. The Anisotropy properties of the base metal were analyzed with along and transverse to rolling direction through microstructure examination, hardness measurement and mechanical properties. Microstructure contains coarse grains of pearlite and ferrite in transverse to rolling, whereas fine grains along the rolling. Hardness was 80 and 84 HRB along and transverse to rolling respectively. A weld bead was laid on the plate’s substrate with along and transverse to the rolling and angular deflections were measured with a dial gauge indicator. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to evaluate the angular deflection on both the rolling. From the experimental results, the anisotropy properties of the as-rolled plate had influenced on angular deflection and indicating with good agreement with FEA.
A review on Spray pyrolysis deposited CZTS thin films for solar cell applications
Authors:   Department of Physics, Arul Anandar College, Karumathur, Madurai-Dt., Raj C.S.A. , Sebastian S. ,   Department of Physics, Arul Anandar College, Karumathur, Madurai-Dt., Rajendran Susai ,   Department of Chemistry, St. Antony’s College of Arts and Science for Women, Tamarapadi, Dindigul.
Published: September 2021

Cu2ZnSnS4 generally abridged as CZTS is a potential material for economical thin film solar cells, due to its appropriate band gap energy of around 1.5 eV and great absorption coefficient of above 104 cm-1. All the constituents of this material are plentiful in the earth’s crust, and they are non-hazardous making it an elegant alternative. Subsequent to the early achievement of the CZTS based solar cell with its light to electrical conversion efficiency of 0.6%, significant advancement in this research area has been attained, particularly in the last seven years. Currently, the conversion effectiveness of the CZTS thin film solar cell has enhanced to 24%. More than 500 papers on CZTS have been available and the greater part of these converses the preparation of CZTS thin films by diverse methods. Until now, many physical and chemical methods have been engaged for preparing CZTS thin films. Amongst them, spray pyrolysis is a flexible deposition technique. Spray pyrolysis is a simple deposition technique that finds use in widespread areas of thin film deposition research. This method is appropriate for depositing good quality films with low cost, clean deposition, and simplicity and flexibility in the manufacturing design. This script, reviews the synthesis of CZTS semiconductor thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis. This analysis initiates with a portrayal of the spray pyrolysis system, and then establish the CZTS and preparation of the CZTS precursor for coating. A review of spray pyrolysis of CZTS thin films are discussed in detail. To conclude, we present perspectives for advancements in spray pyrolysis for a CZTS based solar cell absorber layer.
An Overview of Post–COVID-19 Condition (Long COVID)
Authors: Vu Thyna , McGill Sarah C.
Published: September 2021

Long-term symptoms after developing COVID-19, known as post–COVID-19 condition or colloquially as long COVID, is a new condition estimated to affect millions of people worldwide. While standard diagnostic criteria have not yet been developed, current estimates suggest that 21% to 23% of people suspected of having had COVID-19 may have symptoms 4 weeks after their COVID-19 infections and 14% may have symptoms 12 weeks post-infection. Among people with self-reported post–COVID-19, an estimated 40% may continue to experience symptoms for at least a year.

To provide health care providers and people with post–COVID-19 condition advice regarding diagnosis and treatment, guidelines have been published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC guidelines were published more recently and refer to newer data on post–COVID-19 condition.

Post-COVID symptoms can affect multiple organ systems and symptoms may vary by patient characteristics such as age and sex, as well as change over time. Some people may develop more severe symptoms or have increased risk of developing other illnesses. As there are currently no known unique symptoms and no tests available to diagnose post–COVID-19 syndrome, guidelines from NICE and the CDC recommend diagnosing based on symptoms, suspected previous COVID-19 infection, and ruling out other potential causes of symptoms.

Current treatment recommendations focus on multidisciplinary care and personalized treatment to address the potential range of symptoms unique to each patient. Different methods of delivering treatment have been suggested and implemented around the world, including specialized post–COVID-19 clinics and integrating treatment into primary care.

Post–COVID-19 condition can result in a reduced ability to work or attend school, and reduced independence, which can impact quality of life. These effects may have a disproportionate impact on disadvantaged groups, which will have important implications for health equity.

Limited evidence on the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of therapies for post–COVID-19 condition was identified. However, many trials have been registered and are in progress to address this knowledge gap.
CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES: A ESCOLA E O ESTATUTO DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE
Authors: Pedrosa Cristiane de Oliveira Pinto Patrício , Fonseca Verônica Nóbrega Cavalcanti da , Silva Rômulo Davi da , Silva Ana Ericka Sobral Chrispim Pereira da , Alves Maria da Conceição  Pereira Ferreira , Coutinho Diógenes José Gusmão
Published: September 2021

O processo de mudança no mundo está muito avançado. Os velhos e antigos conceitos estão cedendo lugar para os novos e preceitos antigos acerca das relações humanas se pulverizam, conduzindo os seres humanos à liberdade de escolhas, a alternar ou se adequar a outro tipo de valores, à mudanças sociais e comunitárias. Estamos vivendo uma era onde a violência está tomando conta das ruas, das escolas, das comunidades, do mundo. Por isso, lembramos que após a Constituição de 1988, a educação em direitos humanos tornou-se tema central da política de Estado, tendo por objetivo contribuir para a edificação de uma sociedade alicerçada nos princípios éticos da justiça, da liberdade, da solidariedade e do respeito às diferenças. Neste ano de 2020, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - ECA completa 30 anos de existência e traz consigo uma importante característica denominada como Medidas Protetivas para crianças e adolescentes. Essa legislação, desde o seu início, foi fruto de muitas críticas, a maioria sem fundamentos por conta da desinformação das pessoas acerca do tema e do que a lei propõe. Criado em 13 de julho de 1990, o ECA instituiu-se então, como lei federal nº 8.069, obedecendo ao artigo 227 da Constituição Federal, adotando a Doutrina da Proteção Integral, cujo pressuposto básico afirma que crianças e adolescentes devem ser vistos como pessoas em desenvolvimento, sujeito de direitos e destinatários de proteção integral (DIAS, 2007). Examina-se a evolução histórica dos direitos e deveres das crianças e adolescentes, esclarecendo como ordenamento jurídico e as leis brasileiras lidam legalmente com o tema. Ressaltando as discussões práticas e doutrinárias, nos aspectos educacionais, ético-morais, jurídicos e psicológicos; fazendo referências às leis, como a Constituição Federal Brasileira e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA); e seu papel enquanto diretrizes e normas, ao solucionar casos práticas que têm de ser resolvidos pelo Judiciário; doutrinas; dentre outros meios que reflitam a maneira como o tema é tratado, principalmente ressaltando o papel da escola, do educador e dos órgãos fiscalizadores dos diretos e deveres das crianças e adolescentes.
A MÚSICA E A DANÇA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL E NAS SÉRIES INICIAIS
Authors: Pedraça Ardélia Silva , Campos Camila da Silva Rondon , Arruda Hingridy Karoliny de Queiroz , Santana Jaqueline de Moura , Cirino Luciana Xavier , Santos Rosângela Silva
Published: September 2021

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem como tema a música e a dança como instrumento pedagógico na educação, com a abordagem de subsídios dessas artes para a construção do conhecimento, resultando em diversos benefícios para o mundo infantil e das séries iniciais. O objetivo geral analisar da música e da dança, e suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento infantil, o objetivo específico: realizar a abordagem da relevância da música e da dança na educação; apresentar como se deu sua entrada nas escolas brasileiras, demostrando sua importância como um instrumento pedagógico, possibilitando que as aulas sejam mais atrativas e prazerosas e que as crianças, aprendam de forma divertida; demostrar como trabalhar a música e a dança na escola de modo coerente, planejado e criativo, proporcionando para as crianças o prazer de ouvir, cantar, tocar e improvisar, implicando, tornando desse modo, em um  ensino-aprendizagem significativo.
Mass and density of individual frozen hydrometeors
Authors: Rees Karlie N. , Singh Dhiraj K. , Pardyjak Eric R. , Garrett Timothy J.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. A new precipitation sensor, the Differential Emissivity Imaging Disdrometer (DEID), is used to provide the first continuous measurements of the mass, diameter, and density of individual hydrometeors. The DEID consists of an infrared camera pointed at a heated aluminum plate. It exploits the contrasting thermal emissivity of water and metal to determine individual particle mass by assuming that energy is conserved during the transfer of heat from the plate to the particle during evaporation. Particle density is determined from a combination of particle mass and morphology. A Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) was deployed alongside the DEID to provide refined imagery of particle size and shape. Broad consistency is found between derived mass–diameter and density–diameter relationships and those obtained in prior studies. However, DEID measurements show a generally weaker dependence with size for hydrometeor density and a stronger dependence for aggregate snowflake mass.
Exploring the composition and volatility of secondary organic aerosols in mixed anthropogenic and biogenic precursor systems
Authors: Voliotis Aristeidis , Wang Yu , Shao Yunqi , Du Mao , Bannan Thomas J. , Percival Carl J. , Pandis Spyros N. , Alfarra M. Rami , McFiggans Gordon
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from mixtures of
volatile precursors may be influenced by the molecular interactions of the
components of the mixture. Here, we report measurements of the volatility
distribution of SOA formed from the photo-oxidation of o-cresol, α-pinene, and their mixtures, representative anthropogenic and biogenic precursors, in an atmospheric simulation chamber. The combination of two
independent thermal techniques (thermal denuder, TD, and the Filter Inlet for Gases and Aerosols coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer, FIGAERO-CIMS) to measure the particle volatility, along with detailed gas- and particle-phase composition measurements, provides links between the chemical composition of the mixture
and the resultant SOA particle volatility. The SOA particle volatility
obtained by the two independent techniques showed substantial discrepancies.
The particle volatility obtained by the TD was wider, spanning across the
LVOC and SVOC range, while the respective FIGAERO-CIMS derived using two different methods (i.e. calibrated Tmax and partitioning calculations) was substantially higher (mainly in the SVOC and IVOC,
respectively) and narrow. Although the quantification of the SOA particle
volatility was challenging, both techniques and methods showed similar
trends, with the volatility of the SOA formed from the photo-oxidation of
α-pinene being higher than that measured in the o-cresol system, while the volatility of the SOA particles of the mixture was between those measured at
the single-precursor systems. This behaviour could be explained by two opposite effects, the scavenging of the larger molecules with lower
volatility produced in the single-precursor experiments that led to an increase in the average volatility and the formation of unique-to-the-mixture products that had higher O:C, MW, OSc‾
and, consequently, lower volatility compared to those derived from the individual precursors. We further discuss the potential limitations of
FIGAERO-CIMS to report quantitative volatilities and their implications for the reported results, and we show that the particle volatility changes can be qualitatively assessed, while caution should be taken when linking the
chemical composition to the particle volatility. These results present the
first detailed observations of SOA particle volatility and composition in
mixed anthropogenic and biogenic systems and provide an analytical context
that can be used to explore particle volatility in chamber experiments.
Observations of sunlit N2+ aurora at high altitudes during the RENU2 flight
Authors: Ellingsen Pål Gunnar , Lorentzen Dag , Kenward David , Hecht James H. , Evans J. Scott , Sigernes Fred , Lessard Marc
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We present measurements of sunlit aurora during the launch of the Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling 2 (RENU2) on the 13 December 2015, 07:34 UTC. The in situ auroral conditions coincide with those of sunlit aurora and were characterised by the 391.4 and 427.8 nm N2+ emissions. A correlation between several auroral wavelengths, as measured by a meridian-scanning photometer, was used to detect sunlit aurora and indirectly neutral upwelling. These results, based on ground data, agree well with the RENU2 measurements recorded during its pass through the sunlit polar cusp. Using in situ data from RENU2 and the solar photon flux, it was estimated that the sunlit aurora was a major part (≈40 %) of the observed 427.8 nm emission.
Uniform “water” content in quartz phenocrysts from silicic pyroclastic fallout deposits – implications on pre-eruptive conditions
Authors: Hencz Mátyás , Biró Tamás , Kovács István János , Stalder Roland , Németh Károly , Szakács Alexandru , Pálos Zsófia , Pécskay Zoltán , Karátson Dávid
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Structural hydroxyl content of volcanic quartz phenocrysts was
investigated with unpolarized Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The
phenocrysts originated from five pyroclastic fallout deposits from the
Bükk Foreland Volcanic Area (BFVA), Hungary, and two from the AD 1314
Kaharoa eruption (KH eruption), Okataina Volcanic Complex (Taupo Volcanic
Zone), New Zealand. All investigated quartz populations contain structural
hydroxyl content in a narrow range with an average of 9.3 (±1.7) wt ppm. The earlier correlated horizons in the BFVA had the same average
structural hydroxyl content (within uncertainty). Thus, it can be concluded
that the structural hydroxyl content does not depend on the geographical
distance of outcrops of the same units or the temperature or type of the
covering deposit. The rare outlier values and similar structural hydroxyl
contents show that the fallout horizons cooled fast enough to retain their
original structural hydroxyl content. The similarity of the structural
hydroxyl contents may be the result of similar P, T, and x (most importantly
H2O and the availability of other monovalent cations) conditions in the
magmatic plumbing system just before eruption. Therefore, we envisage common
physical–chemical conditions, which set the structural hydroxyl content in
the quartz phenocrysts and, consequently, the water content of the host
magma (∼ 5.5 wt %–7 wt % H2O) in a relatively narrow
range close to water saturation.
Canadian historical Snow Water Equivalent dataset (CanSWE, 1928–2020)
Authors: Vionnet Vincent , Mortimer Colleen , Brady Mike , Arnal Louise , Brown Ross
Published: September 2021

Abstract. In situ measurements of water equivalent of snow cover (SWE) – the vertical
depth of water that would be obtained if all the snow cover melted
completely – are used in many applications including water management, flood
forecasting, climate monitoring, and evaluation of hydrological and land
surface models. The Canadian historical SWE dataset (CanSWE) combines manual
and automated pan-Canadian SWE observations collected by national,
provincial and territorial agencies as well as hydropower companies. Snow
depth (SD) and bulk snow density (defined as the ratio of SWE to SD) are
also included when available. This new dataset supersedes the previous
Canadian Historical Snow Survey (CHSSD) dataset published by Brown et al.
(2019), and this paper describes the efforts made to correct metadata,
remove duplicate observations and quality control records. The CanSWE
dataset was compiled from 15 different sources and includes SWE information
for all provinces and territories that measure SWE. Data were updated to
July 2020, and new historical data from the Government of Northwest
Territories, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Saskatchewan Water
Security Agency, and Hydro-Québec were included. CanSWE includes over 1 million SWE measurements from 2607 different locations across Canada over
the period 1928–2020. It is publicly available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4734371 (Vionnet et al., 2021).
UBER v1.0: a universal kinetic equation solver for radiation belts
Authors: Zheng Liheng , Chen Lunjin , Chan Anthony A. , Wang Peng , Xia Zhiyang , Liu Xu
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Recent proceedings in radiation belt studies have proposed new requirements for numerical methods to solve the kinetic equations involved. In
this article, we present a numerical solver that can solve the general form of the radiation belt Fokker–Planck equation and Boltzmann equation in
arbitrarily provided coordinate systems and with user-specified boundary geometry, boundary conditions, and equation terms. The solver is based
upon the mathematical theory of stochastic differential equations, whose computational accuracy and efficiency are greatly enhanced by specially
designed adaptive algorithms and a variance reduction technique. The versatility and robustness of the solver are exhibited in four example
problems. The solver applies to a wide spectrum of radiation belt modeling problems, including the ones featuring non-diffusive particle transport
such as that arising from nonlinear wave–particle interactions.
fenics_ice 1.0: a framework for quantifying initialization uncertainty for time-dependent ice sheet models
Authors: Koziol Conrad P. , Todd Joe A. , Goldberg Daniel N. , Maddison James R.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Mass loss due to dynamic changes in ice sheets is a significant contributor to sea level rise, and this contribution is expected to increase in the future. Numerical codes simulating the evolution of ice sheets can potentially quantify this future contribution. However, the uncertainty inherent in these models propagates into projections of sea level rise is and hence crucial to understand. Key variables of ice sheet models, such as basal drag or ice stiffness, are typically initialized using inversion methodologies to ensure that models match present observations. Such inversions often involve tens or hundreds of thousands of parameters, with unknown uncertainties and dependencies. The computationally intensive nature of inversions along with their high number of parameters mean traditional methods such as Monte Carlo are expensive for uncertainty quantification. Here we develop a framework to estimate the posterior uncertainty of inversions and project them onto sea level change projections over the decadal timescale. The framework treats parametric uncertainty as multivariate Gaussian and exploits the equivalence between the Hessian of the model and the inverse covariance of the parameter set. The former is computed efficiently via algorithmic differentiation, and the posterior covariance is propagated in time using a time-dependent model adjoint to produce projection error bars. This work represents an important step in quantifying the internal uncertainty of projections of ice sheet models.
Minimal impact of model biases on Northern Hemisphere El Niño–Southern Oscillation teleconnections
Authors: Tyrrell Nicholas L. , Karpechko Alexey Yu.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Correctly capturing the teleconnection between the El
Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Europe is of importance for
seasonal prediction. Here we investigate how systematic model biases may
affect this teleconnection. A two-step bias correction process is applied
to an atmospheric general circulation model to reduce errors in the
climatology. The bias corrections are applied to the troposphere and
stratosphere independently and jointly to produce a range of climates. ENSO-type sensitivity experiments are then performed to reveal the impact of
differing climatologies on the ENSO–Europe teleconnections. The bias corrections do not affect the response of the tropical atmosphere
or the Aleutian low to the strong ENSO anomalies imposed in our
experiments. However, in El Niño experiments the anomalous upward wave
flux and the response of the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex differ between
the climatologies. We attribute this to a reduced sensitivity of the upward
wave fluxes to the Aleutian low response in the bias correction experiments,
where the reduced biases result in a deepened Aleutian low in the base
state. Despite the differing responses of the polar vortex, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) response
is similar between the climatologies, implying that for strong ENSO events
the stratospheric pathway may not be the dominant pathway for the
ENSO–North Atlantic teleconnection.
The Role of the Nouvelles Ecclésiastiques in Toppling the Old Regime
Authors: Gieralt Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

Robert Darnton proposes that scandalous books played a role in toppling the old regime by providing “a frame for the public’s perception of events during the crisis of 1787-1788”. He also thinks that rumors, which pamphleteers and propagandists spread through clandestine publications and songs, manipulated public opinion against the monarchy. The Jansenists were among those tarnishing its reputation. Likewise, Cyril B. O’Keefe observes that Voltaire referred to the Jansenists as allies of the freethinking philosophes despite themselves. This order thought that people should read the Bible so that they are not influenced by “false teachings”. The philosophers also proposed a second perusal of our sources. What constitutes rumors is either what subsists of a condemned book or the clandestine publication exposing the falsehood of a canonical opinion.
Update options in the treatment of coccydina(tail bone pain): article review
Authors: Al-Azzawi Ali Taha Hassan
Published: September 2021

This literature review is intended to provide oversight on the anatomy, incidence, etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of coccydynia. Relevant articles were retrieved with PubMed using keywords such as “coccydynia”, “coccyx”, “coccyx pain”, and “coccygectomy. Literature accumulated for this study was accumulated from PubMed using sourcombined to form this study. Images were also added from three separate sources to aid in the understanding of the coccyx and coccydynia. Focal points of this study included the anatomy of the coccyx, etiology and presentation of coccydynia, how to properly diagnose coccydynia, and possible treatments for the variety of etioloces. The coccyx morphology is defined using different methods by different authors as presented in this study. There is no conclusive quantitative data on the incidence of coccydynia; however, there are important factors that lead to increased risk of coccydynia such as obesity, age, and female gender. Injury to the coccyx or coccygeal joints with surrounding tissue inflammation and contraction of the muscles attached to the coccyx causes coccydynia. Diagnosis is made predominantly in clinical examinations with static standard radiographs, CT, and routine blood tests. Treatment options include conservative care, physical therapy, intrarectal massage and manipulation, sacrococcygeal injections (including ganglion impar block), and coccygectomy. Many cases are resolved with conservative treatments, despite the wide array of etiologies for the diagnosis. In more extreme cases, physician intervention requires a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical treatment is used as a last resort.
Efficacy of epidural injection of steroid in treatment of lumber disc prolapse: article review
Authors: AL-Dahhan Musaed hekmat
Published: September 2021

"Chronic low back and lower extremity pain is mainly caused by lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and radiculitis. Various surgery and nonsurgical modalities, including epidural injections, have been used to treat LDH or radiculitis. Caudal epidural injection of local anesthetics with or without steroids is one of the most commonly used interventions in managing chronic low back and lower extremity pain. To describe the indications, rationale, techniques, alternatives, contraindications, complications, and efficacy of lumbar and caudal epidural corticosteroid injections. Interventions: Three reviewers with formal training and certification in evidence-based medicine searched the literature on non–image guided lumbar interlaminar epidural steroid injections. A larger team of seven reviewers independently assessed the methodology of studies found and appraised the quality of the evidence presented. A systematic literature search was performed, in the Medline Case reports and retrospective and prospective studies were extensively reviewed to provide detailed descriptions of the clinical features of lumbar and caudal epidural corticosteroid injections. Data sources included relevant literature of the English language identified through searches of PubMed and EMBASE , and manual searches of bibliographies of known primary and review articles. Epidural corticosteroid injections are commonly requested treatments for patients with various low-back or lower-extremity pain syndromes (or both). Most of the reports on the use of this type of treatment are retrospective and noncontrolled. These studies indicate benefit; however, the prospective controlled studies provide varied results about the efficacy of lumbar and caudal epidural corticosteroid injections. In conclusions: In patients with lumbar radicular pain secondary to disc herniation or neurogenic claudication due to spinal stenosis, interlaminar epidural steroid injections appear to have clinical effectiveness limited to short-term pain relief. Therefore, in a contemporary medical practice, these procedures should be restricted to the rare settings where fluoroscopy is not available."
Heavy metals and carcinogenesis: a review
Authors: Al-Mzaien Aous Kahtan
Published: September 2021

There has been a growing recognition regarding heavy metal toxicity owing to their position in cancer induction. The study is linked to heavy metals like titanium, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel and radium. A meta-analysis was compiled using PubMed to determine existing exposure channels, forms of cancers caused, and treatment interventions for the metals. It was planned to lead potential study activities linked to heavy metals and cancer.