bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wild imitating vs greenhouse cultivated Dendrobium huoshanense: Chemical quality differences
Authors: Hu Li , Wang Shiwen , Zhang Lin , Shang Liangliang , Zong Ruiye , Li Jinyan , Wu Zhanghua , Meng Yuanjun , Dai Yafeng , Huang Yuechun , Wei Gang
Published: January 2024

Dendrobium huoshanense (D. huoshanense) has been used as functional food supplements and herbal medicines for preventing and managing diseases with a long history in China. Due to its endangered natural resources and huge demand, people tend to cultivate D. huoshanense to protect this species. However, the quality of wild and cultivated herbs of the same species may change. This work quantified and compared the main quality traits and chemical components of wild imitating and greenhouse cultivated D. huoshanense with different growth years. As a result, wild and cultivated D. huoshanense had similar chemical composition, but there are significant differences in the content of many ingredients (polysaccharides, flavonoids, nucleosides, bibenzyls, lignans and volatile compounds). And the contents of many of these components increased with growing years. In addition, multivariate statistical analyses have been applied to classify and evaluate samples from different cultivation modes according to these components. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the overall quality of greenhouse cultivated D. huoshanense was not as good as wild-grown, but this mode can be a promising and sustainable way of producing D. huoshanense.
Thymoquinone-protoflavone hybrid molecules as potential antitumor agents
Authors: Ahmed Sara H. H. , Tayeb Bizhar A. , Gonda Tímea , Girst Gábor , Szőri Kornél , Berkecz Róbert , Zupkó István , Minorics Renáta , Hunyadi Attila
Published: January 2024

We describe herein the synthesis of eight new ester-coupled hybrid compounds from thymoquinone and protoflavone building blocks, and their bioactivity testing against multiple cancer cell lines. Among the hybrids, compound 14 showed promising activities in all cell lines studied. The highest activities were recorded against breast cancer cell lines with higher selectivity to MDA-MB-231 as compared to MCF-7. Even though the hybrids were found to be completely hydrolysed in 24 h under cell culture conditions, compound 14 demonstrated a ca. three times stronger activity against U-87 glioblastoma cells than a 1:1 mixture of its fragments. Further, compound 14 showed good tumour selectivity: it acted 4.4-times stronger on U-87 cells than on MRC-5 fibroblasts. This selectivity was much lower, only ca. 1.3-times, when the cells were co-treated with a 1:1 mixture of its non-coupled fragments. Protoflavone-thymoquinone hybrids may therefore serve as potential new antitumor leads particularly against glioblastoma.
Detecting microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer using Transformer-based colonoscopy image classification and retrieval
Authors: Lo Chung-Ming , Jiang Jeng-Kai , Lin Chun-Chi
Published: January 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern, with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) being a defining characteristic of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome and affecting 15% of sporadic CRCs. Tumors with MSI-H have unique features and better prognosis compared to MSI-L and microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. This study proposed establishing a MSI prediction model using more available and low-cost colonoscopy images instead of histopathology. The experiment utilized a database of 427 MSI-H and 1590 MSS colonoscopy images and vision Transformer (ViT) with different feature training approaches to establish the MSI prediction model. The accuracy of combining pre-trained ViT features was 84% with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.86, which was better than that of DenseNet201 (80%, 0.80) in the experiment with support vector machine. The content-based image retrieval (CBIR) approach showed that ViT features can obtain a mean average precision of 0.81 compared to 0.79 of DenseNet201. ViT reduced the issues that occur in convolutional neural networks, including limited receptive field and gradient disappearance, and may be better at interpreting diagnostic information around tumors and surrounding tissues. By using CBIR, the presentation of similar images with the same MSI status would provide more convincing deep learning suggestions for clinical use.
A polarized cell system amenable to subcellular resolution imaging of influenza virus infection
Authors: Brault Jean-Baptiste , Thouvenot Catherine , Cannata Serio Magda , Paisant Sylvain , Fernandes Julien , Gény David , Danglot Lydia , Mallet Adeline , Naffakh Nadia
Published: January 2024

The life cycle of influenza A viruses (IAV), and notably intracellular trafficking of the viral genome, depends on multiple interactions with the cellular cytoskeleton and endomembrane system. A limitation of the conventional cellular models used for mechanistic study and subcellular imaging of IAV infection is that they are cultured in two dimensions (2D) under non-polarizing conditions, and therefore they do not recapitulate the intracellular organization of the polarized respiratory epithelial cells naturally targeted by IAVs. To overcome this limitation, we developed an IAV-infection assay in a 3D cell culture system which allows imaging along the baso-lateral axis of polarized cells, with subcellular resolution. Here we describe a protocol to grow polarized monolayers of Caco2-TC7 cells on static Cytodex-3 microcarrier beads, infect them with IAV, and subsequently perform immunostaining and confocal imaging, or electron microscopy, on polarized IAV-infected cells. This method can be extended to other pathogens that infect human polarized epithelial cells.
Prenatal alcohol exposure alters expression of genes involved in cell adhesion, immune response, and toxin metabolism in adolescent rat hippocampus
Authors: Khalifa Amal , Palu Rebecca , Perkins Amy E. , Volz Avery
Published: January 2024

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in mild to severe consequences for children throughout their lives, with this range of symptoms referred to as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). These consequences are thought to be linked to changes in gene expression and transcriptional programming in the brain, but the identity of those changes, and how they persist into adolescence are unclear. In this study, we isolated RNA from the hippocampus of adolescent rats exposed to ethanol during prenatal development and compared gene expression to controls. Briefly, dams were either given free access to standard chow ad libitum (AD), pair-fed a liquid diet (PF) or were given a liquid diet with ethanol (6.7% ethanol, ET) throughout gestation (gestational day (GD) 0–20). All dams were given control diet ad libitum beginning on GD 20 and throughout parturition and lactation. Hippocampal tissue was collected from adolescent male and female offspring (postnatal day (PD) 35–36). Exposure to ethanol caused widespread downregulation of many genes as compared to control rats. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that affected pathways included cell adhesion, toxin metabolism, and immune responses. Interestingly, these differences were not strongly affected by sex. Furthermore, these changes were consistent when comparing ethanol-exposed rats to pair-fed controls provided with a liquid diet and those fed ad libitum on a standard chow diet. We conclude from this study that changes in genetic architecture and the resulting neuronal connectivity after prenatal exposure to alcohol continue through adolescent development. Further research into the consequences of specific gene expression changes on neural and behavioral changes will be vital to our understanding of the FASD spectrum of diseases.
Interplay between vaccines and treatment for dengue control: An epidemic model
Authors: Sow Abdoulaye , Diallo Cherif , Cherifi Hocine
Published: January 2024

Assessing public health intervention strategies is crucial for effectively managing dengue. While numerous studies have explored the impact of dengue interventions on its transmission dynamics, limited research has focused on the combined effects of implementing multiple therapeutic interventions for disease control. This study presents an epidemic model for understanding dengue transmission dynamics, incorporating two critical therapeutic measures: vaccination and treatment of infected individuals. The model is characterized by ordinary differential equations involving seven-state variables. The investigation encompasses both disease-free and endemic equilibria of the model. The findings reveal that the disease-free equilibrium (only) is globally stable when the basic reproduction number is below one. Interestingly, when the vaccine’s effectiveness is low, treatment emerges as a more successful approach in reducing dengue cases than vaccination. In contrast, a highly effective vaccine alone significantly curtails dengue occurrences. Moreover, the study introduces an optimal control problem, featuring an objective function integrating two control mechanisms: vaccination and treatment. The analysis strongly suggests that implementing two control strategies outweighs the efficacy of a single approach in effectively mitigating the spread of the disease.
Geographical distribution of antimicrobial exposure among very preterm and very low birth weight infants: A nationwide database study in Japan
Authors: Yoneda Kota , Shinjo Daisuke , Takahashi Naoto , Fushimi Kiyohide
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To examine spatial effects in neonatal care, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the geographical distribution of antimicrobial exposure among very preterm and very low birth weight infants in Japan.

Study design

We utilized a nationwide claims database in Japan to extract prescriptions of injectable antimicrobials for 41,423 very preterm and very low birth weight infants admitted within the first two days of life from April 2010 to March 2021. We identified frequently prescribed antimicrobials, revealed early neonatal exposure and neonatal exposure to each antimicrobial agent by 47 prefectures in Japan, and evaluated their spatial autocorrelation using global and local Moran’s I statistics. We then scrutinized regional disparities in antimicrobial drug prescriptions.

Results

The top 10 antimicrobials prescribed to very preterm and very low birth weight infants in Japan were ampicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, fluconazole, ampicillin combination, micafungin, cefmetazole, cefazolin, and vancomycin. We identified northern cold spots for fluconazole exposure and southern hot spots for ampicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, and cefmetazole exposure. Geographical heterogeneity in the selection of antibacterial and antimycotic agents was observed.

Conclusion

Our study revealed the geographical distribution of antimicrobial exposure among very preterm and very low birth weight infants in Japan, thus disclosing its spatial effects. Further research addressing the spatial effects of neonatal care is needed to understand how drug exposure affects the outcomes of preterm infants.
Aerobic exercise protects MI heart through miR-133a-3p downregulation of connective tissue growth factor
Authors: Liu Niu , Zhen Zhiping , Xiong Xin , Xue Yaqi
Published: January 2024

Objective

To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise intervention to inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and thus improve cardiac function in myocardial infarction (MI) mice by regulating CTGF expression through miR-133a-3p.

Methods

Male C57/BL6 mice, 7–8 weeks old, were randomly divided into sham-operated group (S group), sham-operated +aerobic exercise group (SE group), myocardial infarction group (MI group) and MI + aerobic exercise group (ME group). The mice were anesthetized the day after training and cardiac function was assessed by cardiac echocardiography. Myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF%) was analyzed by Masson staining. Myocardial CTGF, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blotting, and myocardial miR-133a-3p was measured by RT-qPCR.

Results

Compared with the S group, miR-133a-3p, Bcl-2 and EF were significantly decreased and CTGF, Bax, Bax/ Bcl-2, Caspase 3, Cleaved Caspase-3, LVIDd, LVIDs and CVF were significantly increased in the MI group. Compared with the MI group, miR-133a-3p, Bcl-2 and EF were significantly increased, cardiac function was significantly improved, and CTGF, Bax, Bax/ Bcl-2, Caspase 3, Cleaved Caspase-3, LVIDd, LVIDs and CVF were significantly decreased in ME group. The miR-133a-3p was significantly lower and CTGF was significantly higher in the H2O2 intervention group compared with the control group of H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes. miR-133a-3p was significantly higher and CTGF was significantly lower in the AICAR intervention group compared to the H2O2 intervention group. Compared with the control group of H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes, CTGF, Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly increased and Bcl-2 was significantly decreased in the miR-133a-3p inhibitor intervention group; CTGF, Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly decreased and Bcl-2 was significantly upregulated in the miR-133a-3p mimics intervention group.

Conclusion

Aerobic exercise down-regulated CTGF expression in MI mouse myocardium through miR-133a-3p, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improving cardiac function.
An Open One-Step RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection
Authors: Cerda Ariel , Rivera Maira , Armijo Grace , Ibarra-Henriquez Catalina , Reyes Javiera , Blázquez-Sánchez Paula , Avilés Javiera , Arce Aníbal , Seguel Aldo , Brown Alexander J. , Vásquez Yesseny , Cortez-San Martín Marcelo , Cubillos Francisco A. , García Patricia , Ferres Marcela , Ramírez-Sarmiento César A. , Federici Fernán , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A.
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths globally, and while several diagnostic systems were proposed, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard. However, diagnostic reagents, including enzymes used in RT-PCR, are subject to centralized production models and intellectual property restrictions, which present a challenge for less developed countries. With the aim of generating a standardized One-Step open RT-qPCR protocol to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in clinical samples, we purified and tested recombinant enzymes and a non-proprietary buffer. The protocol utilized M-MLV RT and Taq DNA pol enzymes to perform a Taqman probe-based assay. Synthetic RNA samples were used to validate the One-Step RT-qPCR components, demonstrating sensitivity comparable to a commercial kit routinely employed in clinical settings for patient diagnosis. Further evaluation on 40 clinical samples (20 positive and 20 negative) confirmed its comparable diagnostic accuracy. This study represents a proof of concept for an open approach to developing diagnostic kits for viral infections and diseases, which could provide a cost-effective and accessible solution for less developed countries.
Acoustic emission characteristic of sandstone and sandstone like material under multi-path loading
Authors: Zhuang Tong , Peng Rui , Zhao Qifeng , Jiang Shiyuan , Yang Xuehong , Shen Chunyang , Liu Jiang
Published: January 2024

Using spline interpolation to select proportions of similar materials, a comparative analysis of the fracturing behavior of sandstone specimens and similar material specimens was conducted through Brazilian splitting tests under multi-path loading. The study revealed that during stepwise loading, both sandstone and similar materials exhibited memory effects and plastic deformation. However, under constant velocity loading, the relationship between force and displacement in sandstone showed linearity after compaction. Employing MATLAB optimization algorithms for the inversion of acoustic emission event information, the distribution of fracture points, and the evolution of cracks were analyzed. The findings indicated that under stepwise loading, both sandstone and similar materials exhibited banded distribution of peak frequencies, with sandstone concentrated in the mid-low-frequency range and similar materials leaning towards the low-frequency range. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of acoustic emission signals suggested that initially, sandstone produced low-frequency, low-amplitude signals. As cracks developed, these signals gradually transformed into high-frequency, high-amplitude signals, ultimately leading to macroscopic failure. The ringing counts and b-values of sandstone displayed an approximate "W" shape distribution, with a subsequent decrease in b-values during final failure. In contrast, the acoustic emission counts were inversely related to b-values. Similar materials exhibited slightly more acoustic emission counts than sandstone, with relatively lower b-values. The crack development process of both sandstone and similar materials was confirmed through these observations. From the perspective of section initiation and local damage, sandstone and similar materials exhibited similar failure characteristics. The proportions of quartz sand: cement: water = 9:1:0.9 in similar materials demonstrated the most similar characteristics to sandstone in terms of mechanical loading, acoustic emission features, and failure morphology. This suggests that these similar materials can be used as substitutes for sandstone in analogous simulation experiments. The study provides theoretical support for understanding rock fracture mechanisms, offers guidance for the selection and proportioning of similar materials, and holds significance for predicting and controlling rock fracture behavior in engineering applications.
Effect of Russian current expert modes on quadriceps muscle torque in healthy adults: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hasan Ansam , Moustafa Ibrahim , Shousha Tamer
Published: January 2024

Background

Russian current (RC), a well-known neuromuscular electrical stimulation operating at 2500 Hz, has demonstrated significant strength improvement over traditional exercises due to its high tolerance and low pain provocation. Despite extensive NMES parameter research, the specific effects of expert modes, particularly ON2 and Rest, remain unexplored. This study investigates the direct effect of these expert modes on quadriceps muscle strength in healthy adults.

Methods

This is a single-blind, randomization-controlled trial. Forty-eight healthy university students (31 females, 17 males) were assigned in two randomized experimental groups either the ON2 or Rest mode for a 15-minute electrical stimulation session. Quadriceps maximum voluntary isokinetic contraction measurements were taken before and directly after RC application using Biodex Medical Systems 4 pro isokinetic dynamometer.

Results

Both RC modes significantly increased the quadriceps muscle torque in healthy adults compared to baseline (p<0.05). Baseline mean torque was 123.28 (SD = 38.8), and post- RC mean torque was 136.67 (SD = 45.76). Deviation from normality was observed at baseline (p = 0.034) and persisted post-RC application (p = 0.017). The Wilcoxon test reported significant increases in quadriceps muscle knee torque for both ON2 and Rest groups (p < 0.001). The lack of ties in ranks and negative Z-values highlight the robustness of the observed effects.

Conclusion

The findings of this study align with previous research on NMES and RC supporting the idea that electrical stimulation enhances muscle strength, selecting the appropriate RC expert modes can assist physiotherapist in tailoring rehabilitation program to achieve their specific strength goals.
Longitudinal clustering of health behaviours and their association with multimorbidity in older adults in England: A latent class analysis
Authors: Suhag Alisha , Webb Thomas L. , Holmes John
Published: January 2024

Background

Health-risk behaviours such as smoking, unhealthy nutrition, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity (termed SNAP behaviours) are leading risk factors for multimorbidity and tend to cluster (i.e. occur in specific combinations within distinct subpopulations). However, little is known about how these clusters change with age in older adults, and whether and how cluster membership is associated with multimorbidity.

Methods

Repeated measures latent class analysis using data from Waves 4–8 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; n = 4759) identified clusters of respondents with common patterns of SNAP behaviours over time. Disease status (from Wave 9) was used to assess disorders of eight body systems, multimorbidity, and complex multimorbidity. Multinomial and binomial logistic regressions were used to examine how clusters were associated with socio-demographic characteristics and disease status.

Findings

Seven clusters were identified: Low-risk (13.4%), Low-risk yet inactive (16.8%), Low-risk yet heavy drinkers (11.4%), Abstainer yet inactive (20.0%), Poor diet and inactive (12.9%), Inactive, heavy drinkers (14.5%), and High-risk smokers (10.9%). There was little evidence that these clusters changed with age. People in the clusters characterised by physical inactivity (in combination with other risky behaviours) had lower levels of education and wealth. People in the heavy drinking clusters were predominantly male. Compared to other clusters, people in the Low-risk and Low-risk yet heavy drinkers had a lower prevalence of all health conditions studied. In contrast, the Abstainer but inactive cluster comprised mostly women and had the highest prevalence of multimorbidity, complex multimorbidity, and endocrine disorders. High-risk smokers were most likely to have respiratory disorders.

Conclusions

Health-risk behaviours tend to be stable as people age and so ought to be addressed early. We identified seven clusters of older adults with distinct patterns of behaviour, socio-demographic characteristics and multimorbidity prevalence. Intervention developers could use this information to identify high-risk subpopulations and tailor interventions to their behaviour patterns and socio-demographic profiles.
Student psychological well-being in higher education: The role of internal team environment, institutional, friends and family support and academic engagement
Authors: Chaudhry Smita , Tandon Ankita , Shinde Shilpa , Bhattacharya Anindita
Published: January 2024

Psychological well-being of students is an area of concern in higher education institutes across the world. Although several studies have explored the factors associated with students’ psychological well-being, limited research has focused on the relation between the overall support for students and psychological well-being. Students of higher education may get formal support, in the form of team environment and institutional support; and informal support, in the form of family and friends’ support. The purpose of this study is to examine the relation of these four kinds of support with psychological well-being of management students. We also examine the intervening role of academic engagement in this relationship. Analysis using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression on data collected from 309 management students from Indian universities, shows that positive internal team environment, and institutional and family support positively relate to students’ psychological well-being. Academic engagement partially mediates the relation between positive internal team environment and psychological well-being, and family support and psychological well-being. Also, academic engagement fully mediates the relation between institutional support and psychological well-being. The study highlights the significance of internal team environment and institutional support for students’ academic engagement and psychological well-being, and the role of academic engagement in determining well-being. Based on these findings, we suggest interventions that can be undertaken by educational institutions to enhance psychological well-being of students. Theoretical implications and research avenues are discussed.
Benchmarking AlphaMissense pathogenicity predictions against cystic fibrosis variants
Authors: McDonald Eli Fritz , Oliver Kathryn E. , Schlebach Jonathan P. , Meiler Jens , Plate Lars
Published: January 2024

Variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) result in cystic fibrosis–a lethal autosomal recessive disorder. Missense variants that alter a single amino acid in the CFTR protein are among the most common cystic fibrosis variants, yet tools for accurately predicting molecular consequences of missense variants have been limited to date. AlphaMissense (AM) is a new technology that predicts the pathogenicity of missense variants based on dual learned protein structure and evolutionary features. Here, we evaluated the ability of AM to predict the pathogenicity of CFTR missense variants. AM predicted a high pathogenicity for CFTR residues overall, resulting in a high false positive rate and fair classification performance on CF variants from the CFTR2.org database. AM pathogenicity score correlated modestly with pathogenicity metrics from persons with CF including sweat chloride level, pancreatic insufficiency rate, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection rate. Correlation was also modest with CFTR trafficking and folding competency in vitro. By contrast, the AM score correlated well with CFTR channel function in vitro–demonstrating the dual structure and evolutionary training approach learns important functional information despite lacking such data during training. Different performance across metrics indicated AM may determine if polymorphisms in CFTR are recessive CF variants yet cannot differentiate mechanistic effects or the nature of pathophysiology. Finally, AM predictions offered limited utility to inform on the pharmacological response of CF variants i.e., theratype. Development of new approaches to differentiate the biochemical and pharmacological properties of CFTR variants is therefore still needed to refine the targeting of emerging precision CF therapeutics.
Cathelicidin peptide analogues inhibit EV71 infection through blocking viral entry and uncoating
Authors: Fan Tingting , Liu Bing , Yao Haoyan , Chen Xinrui , Yang Hang , Guo Shangrui , Wu Bo , Li Xiaozhen , Li Xinyu , Xun Meng , Wang Hongliang
Published: January 2024

Given the serious neurological complications and deaths associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection, there is an urgent need to develop effective antivirals against this viral infection. In this study, we demonstrated that two Cathelicidin-derived peptides, LL-18 and FF-18 were more potent against EV71 infection than the parent peptide LL-37, which is the mature and processed form of Cathelicidin. These peptides could directly bind to the EV71 virus particles, but not to coxsackievirus, indicative of their high specificity. The binding of peptides with the virus surface occupied the viral canyon region in a way that could block virus-receptor interactions and inhibit viral uncoating. In addition, these peptide analogues could also relieve the deleterious effect of EV71 infection in vivo. Therefore, Cathelicidin-derived peptides might be excellent candidates for further development of antivirals to treat EV71 infection.
The genome formula of a multipartite virus is regulated both at the individual segment and the segment group levels
Authors: Bonnamy Mélia , Brousse Andy , Pirolles Elodie , Michalakis Yannis , Blanc Stéphane
Published: January 2024

Differential accumulation of the distinct genome segments is a common feature of viruses with segmented genomes. The reproducible and specific pattern of genome segment accumulation within the host is referred to as the “genome formula”. There is speculation and some experimental support for a functional role of the genome formula by modulating gene expression through copy number variations. However, the mechanisms of genome formula regulation have not yet been identified. In this study, we investigated whether the genome formula of the octopartite nanovirus faba bean necrotic stunt virus (FBNSV) is regulated by processes acting at the individual segment vs. viral population levels. We used a leaf infiltration system to show that the two most accumulated genome segments of the FBNSV possess a greater intrinsic accumulation capacity in Vicia faba tissues than the other segments. Nevertheless, processes acting at the individual segment level are insufficient to generate the genome formula, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms acting at the supra-segment level. Indeed, the absence of segments with important functions during systemic infection strongly modifies the relative frequency of the others, indicating that the genome formula is a property of the segment group. Together, these results demonstrate that the FBNSV genome formula is shaped by a complex process acting at both the individual segment and the segment group levels.
Sobre la importancia de la tasa de ganancia en la crisis capitalista. Una contribución al debate
Authors: Piqueras Infante Andrés
Published: January 2024

Este escrito pretende contribuir a la ya larga polémica sobre la importancia de la tasa media de ganancia productiva capitalista en las crisis de este modo de producción. Tras repasar algunos de los puntos centrales sobre los que ha versado el debate, especialmente entre marxistas, el texto se centra sobre todo en la relación entre la tasa y la masa de ganancia. Se utiliza bibliografía explicativa de referencia y se muestran las razones de la caída tendencial de la tasa de ganancia (CTTG), y cómo la masa de ganancia no se puede desligar indefinidamente de esa caída. Esta última, la CTTG, se evidencia como una fuerza de gravedad ineludible en el capitalismo y para el capitalismo, de manera que los intentos de evitarla, contrarrestarla o posponerla terminan por arrastrar al Sistema hacia crisis cada vez mayores, propio de quien se subiera a una montaña cada vez más alta para desafiar tal fuerza de gravedad. Tras repasar algunas de las consecuencias más graves de esos intentos (exacerbada autonomía del capital a interés especulativo parasitario, generación de ganancias ficticias, reparto fiduciario de un anticipado nuevo valor, merma de las condiciones sociales y laborales, guerra y esquilmación de recursos, entre otras) se indica que el resultado lleva tendencialmente a la Crisis del propio Capitalismo.
José María de Areilza, el reformista perdido de la Transición
Authors: Magaldi Fernandez Adrian
Published: January 2024

José María de Areilza (1909-1998), II marqués de Santa Rosa del Río y conde consorte de Motrico, fue una de las personalidades más relevantes de la política española del siglo XX. A lo largo de su vida evolucionó desde un estrecho colaboracionismo con la dictadura franquista a una abierta disidencia en la que se colocó como un destacado reformista durante el tardofranquismo y la transición democrática. Su proyección en la vida pública generó entonces numerosos pronósticos respecto a su futuro, pero todos quedaron truncados y su figura acabó relegada a un eterno segundo plano. Durante los años del cambio político español, Areilza actuó en diferentes esferas: el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores en el primer gobierno de la monarquía, las negociaciones para vertebrar y liderar el espacio del centro político, la promoción de una alternativa de «derecha civilizada» de talante liberal, y una actuación parlamentaria en busca de un gobierno de concentración. Todos sus movimientos estuvieron marcados por el objetivo común de alcanzar la Presidencia del Gobierno, tal y como muchos habían esperado. Pero estos pronósticos nunca llegaron a convertirse en realidad. El propósito del presente trabajo es analizar la trayectoria de José María de Areilza durante la transición democrática para comprender sus ideas y movimientos, así como las razones que provocaron que quedara postergado en la realidad política de la época, víctima de sus propias intrigas y ambiciones, así como de una elevada concepción de sí mismo y de sus posibilidades. Se pretende reflejar la trayectoria de Areilza, concebido como el gran reformista perdido durante la Transición.
Las películas españolas de ficción a examen bajo la censura portuguesa del Estado Novo (1950-1974)
Authors: Martínez Álvarez Josefina
Published: January 2024

A partir de los años 50, el gobierno español suscribió catorce nuevos convenios de intercambio de películas con distintos países para reducir el elevado coste que suponía la importación de cintas extranjeras y, además, obtener beneficios de la inversión hecha en la producción propia. Estos conciertos facilitaron la distribución del cine español en el mercado internacional. Al abrigo del Acuerdo de Cooperación Económica firmado con Portugal en 1949, y hasta 1974, se exportaron a este último país más de 154 películas de ficción. Como el resto de las películas importadas, fueron sometidas al riguroso dictamen de la censura lusa. En consonancia con el ideario salazarista, 127 de ellas sufrieron cortes de distinta consideración y naturaleza, desde la eliminación de algunos planos o la supresión de ciertas palabras, hasta la definitiva prohibición de proyectar cinco de las propuestas. Las comisiones censoras lusas tenían plenos poderes para rechazar los filmes o aligerar aquellas secuencias y frases que, a su juicio, pudieran socavar los principios morales y políticos del Estado Novo; la propia Constitución incidía en esta misión del Estado de tutelar a la sociedad para alejarla de cualquier influencia considerada nociva. Ya en 1970, durante la denominada «Primavera Marcelista», cuando se esperaba una mayor apertura, se dieron dos fenómenos divergentes que aumentaron el control sobre la producción española. Al tiempo que esta se iba adecuando a los cánones aperturistas occidentales, en Portugal crecía el miedo a las modas e ideas que pudieran cuestionar el régimen. El presente trabajo presenta un análisis de los tres elementos que constituyeron el envío de filmes españoles a Portugal: la estructura censora lusa y su actuación sobre las cintas; el sistema de intercambio de películas establecido entre ambos gobiernos y, por último, el resultado de la aplicación de las normas censoras portuguesas sobre las ya enmascaradas, metafóricas e inhibidas películas españolas, realizadas por directores avezados en sortear la censura de su propio país.
Reseña del libro: La Universidad Central durante la Segunda República: las facultades de ciencias y su contexto internacional
Authors: Acosta López Alejandro
Published: January 2024

RIBAGORDA ESTEBAN, Álvaro y LÓPEZ-OCÓN CABRERA, Leoncio (eds.), La Universidad Central durante la Segunda República: las facultades de ciencias y su contexto internacional. Madrid, Dykinson, 2022, 456 pp.
Reseña del libro: El contrabando de armas en la guerra del Rif
Authors: Gajate Bajo María
Published: January 2024

Reseña del libro: PANIAGUA LÓPEZ, Julián Antonio, El contrabando de armas en la guerra del Rif. Ceuta: Instituto de Estudios Ceutíes, 510 pp.
Reseña del libro: Memoria, imagen e historia. La Segunda República Española en el cine de ficción
Authors: Mota Zurdo David
Published: January 2024

BARRENETXEA, I. (2023), Memoria, imagen e historia. La Segunda República Española en el cine de ficción. Barcelona: Laertes, 446 pp.
Reseña del libro: De la Ilustración al Liberalismo. Jovellanos y Argüelles, estudio preliminar de Ignacio Fernández Sarasola
Authors: La Parra López Emilio
Published: January 2024

Reseña del libro: Miguel ARTOLA, De la Ilustración al Liberalismo. Jovellanos y Argüelles, estudio preliminar de Ignacio Fernández Sarasola. Pamplona, Urgoiti Editores, 2023, 278 pp.
Prevalence of Chlamydophila spp. and Canid herpesvirus-1 in Polish dogs
Authors: Domrazek Kinga , Jurka Piotr
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim: Chlamydophila spp. affect Leydig and Sertoli cells by dysregulating spermatogenesis, inducing apoptosis and sperm DNA fragmentation, as well as benign prostate hyperplasia. Canid herpes virus 1 (CHV-1) infection in male dogs is manifested by lesions on the base of the penis and foreskin. There is a lack of information on the influence of these microorganisms on the quality of canine semen. Seroprevalence of Chlamydophila spp. (55%–61%) and CHV-1 (22%–81%) in Europe is high. The prevalence of Chlamydophila spp. and CHV-1 has been evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) only in Sweden and Croatia, respectively. No positive samples were detected in either case. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological situation in Polish male dogs (PMDs) to provide a solution to limit the spread of these microorganisms using assisted reproduction techniques or elimination from the reproduction of CHV-1 carriers. In addition, we assessed the semen quality of Chlamydophila spp. carriers and CHV-1 carriers.

Materials and Methods: Cotton swabs were collected from prepuce or semen from each dog (n = 130). Real-time PCR for Chlamydophila spp. and CHV-1, as well as semen analysis, was performed using the computer-assisted semen analysis system.

Results: : To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Chlamydophila spp. infection in PMD confirmed by real-time PCR. All parameters, except progressive movement in Chlamydophila semen carriers, were normal.

Conclusion: The average velocity values for a dog with Chlamydia are detailed. No CHV-1 was detected. The results achieved should be verified on the basis of a larger number of studies. However, the high prevalence of these pathogens in the PMD population has not been established.

Keywords: Chlamydia, canid herpes virus 1, dog, herpesvirus, semen.
La evolución de los tiempos compuestos verbales en el español y en el portugués
Authors: Kovács Orsolya
Published: January 2024

Este estudio tiene el objetivo de presentar la evolución de los tiempos compuestos verbales en el español y en el portugués con la ayuda de textos procedentes de los siglos 15 y 16. La evolución de los tiempos compuestos verbales no es un tema desconocido entre los lingüistas, sin embargo, en este trabajo prevalece el análisis paralelo de un texto medieval conservado en el español y en el portugués, lo que hace posible estudiar el estado de la evolución de los tiempos compuestos en el mismo contexto y en la misma estructura en el período examinado. El método utilizado también permite comparar los diferentes parámetros en las lenguas estudiadas. En el presente estudio analizamos los diferentes rasgos de la gramaticalización de la construcción de los tiempos compuestos, como la selección del auxiliar, la concordancia del participio, el orden del auxiliar y el participio y la interpolación de elementos.
La Europa de José Enrique Rodó
Authors: Nagy Marcel
Published: January 2024

El uruguayo José Enrique Rodó (1871-1917) es llamado “el maestro de América” por sus ideas sobre la originalidad de la cultura latinoamericana, basada en la herencia europea. Rodó veía en Europa una de las raíces “civilizadoras” del continente, que como él mismo aseguró, “ha adoctrinado” y “ha amamantado en sus ideas de libertad y de justicia” a América Latina. A pesar de reconocer a Europa, principalmente la hispana o latina, como uno de los elementos más importantes en la construcción de la cultura americana, siempre aseguró que ésta debía ser original y propia. Rodó pasó los últimos meses de su vida en el viejo continente, donde, entre otros, escribió sobre la Gran Guerra, el nacionalismo catalán o las ciudades italianas. La ponencia presenta esa imagen que Rodó pintó sobre Europa.
An Unusual Case of Gastric Heterotopia Presenting as Rectal Prolapse
Authors: D'Sa Saskia , Mziray-Andrew Charmaine , Porayette Prashanth
Published: January 2024

Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) involving the rectum is an uncommon finding. It is especially rare in young children. Rectal prolapse is an uncommon presentation of HGM. We report a case of HGM in the rectum of a 2-year-old previously healthy girl, who presented with rectal prolapse and painless bleeding. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed to completely resect the lesion after the patient failed to respond to proton pump inhibitors. This case underscores the importance of considering HGM involving the rectum as a cause of rectal prolapse in young pediatric patients.
Non-classical manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Bibik E. E. , Aboishava L. A. , Matyushkina A. S. , Eremkina A. K. , Degtyarev M. V. , Platonova N. M. , Troshina E. A. , Mokrysheva N. G.
Published: January 2024

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) is the orphan disease caused by the metachronous tumors of endocrine and non–endocrine organs. The first most frequent feature of the syndrome is primary hyperparathyroidism, however, manifestation from other components is also possible. Different medical specialists should know about this pathology because its clinical course is often varied.

This clinical case of non-classical manifestation of MEN-1 demonstrates the difficulties of diagnostics, comprehensive examination and treatment of the main components of the syndrome. Timely laboratory, instrumental and genetic diagnostics plays an important role in the prevention of complications, improving the quality of life and prognosis of patients.
GREECE MILITARIZATION IN AEGEAN ISLAND: AN INTERNATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Gunawan Yordan , Febrila Aldha , Novendra Carissa Shifa , Dzakiyyah Siti Asdilla
Published: January 2024

In June 2022, President Erdogan suspended bilateral contact with Greece, citing their alleged militarization of islands in the eastern Aegean Sea, as a violation of international law. The problem that Turkey and Greece currently dealing with was caused in the first place by Greece's militarization of an island in the Aegean Sea, which was supposed to be demilitarized in the Lausanne Peace Treaty. Greece claimed that the militarization was for self-defense. In the research, the author will examine the demilitarized state of the island from the perspective of international law, and the claim that Greece has the right to act in self-defense and within the framework of world norms, as well as to make recommendations regarding what Turkey needs to do in response. The research method used is normative legal research with a case approach. Greece has indeed violated the terms of the Lausanne Peace Treat and Greece's claims of self-defense are invalid because there were no circumstances that meet the definition of self-defense. Therefore, Turkey could potentially address the matter by bringing it before the International Court of Justice.
Native High-Density Lipoprotein and Melatonin Improve Platelet Response Induced by Glycated Lipoproteins
Authors: Ozsavci Derya , Nazli A. , Bingol Ozakpinar O. , Demirel G. Yanikkaya , Vanizor Kural B. , Sener A.
Published: January 2024

Activated platelets and glycated lipoproteins are responsible for atherothrombosis in diabetics. Melatonin and native high-density lipoproteins are crucial in the preservation of pro/oxidant-antioxidant balance. The aim of the present study was to investigate thein vitroeffects of native high-density lipoproteins and melatonin on altering the platelet response induced by glycated lipoproteins. Low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins were purified from plasma by ultracentrifugation and were glycated with glucose for three weeks. After incubation with or without melatonin/or native highdensity lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, glycated low-density lipoproteins/glycated high-density lipoproteins were added to ADP-induced platelets. Oxidative parameters, caspase-3/9 and nitric oxide levels were measured spectrophotometrically; CD62-P/ annexin-V expression was determined by flow cytometry. In glycated low-density lipoprotein/glycated high-density lipoprotein-treated groups, platelet malondialdehyde/ protein carbonyl, P-selectin, annexin-V, caspase-3/9 levels were increased (ranging from P < 0.001 to P < 0.01); glutathione and nitric oxide levels were reduced (ranging from P < 0.001 to P < 0.01). In glycated low-density lipoprotein/glycated high-density lipoprotein-treated groups, melatonin treatment reduced malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, CD62-P, annexin-V and caspase-3/9 (P < 0.001, P < 0.01) levels and elevated nitric oxide (only glycated low-density lipoproteins). In glycated low-density lipoprotein/glycated high-density lipoprotein-treated groups, native high-density lipoprotein treatment reduced malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, annexin-V, caspase-3/9 levels (P < 0.001, P < 0.01) and increased glutathione; nitric oxide levels (only with gly-HDL). Both melatonin and high-density lipoproteins should be regarded as novel promising mechanism-based potential therapeutic targets to prevent atherothrombosis in diabetics.
Power to the Users
Authors: Shadmy Tomer
Published: January 2024

Major online platforms deploy an array of policies and data-driven legislative and enforcement mechanisms, transforming economic, social, and technological powers into political might. While platforms use private law to legitimate the exercise of this form of power, the novel political relations and tools have a tremendous public impact, both on individuals’ and communities’ political freedom and on the public sphere. Digital rights literature that tends to focus on particular rights, such as privacy or freedom of expression, deals less with the implications of platforms’ emerging political authority. The article addresses this lacuna by (1) analyzing the quasi-sovereign power of platforms, (2) mapping how this form of power disrupts political freedom and the public sphere, (3) revealing a theoretical trap that blocks existing attempts to address the threats and (4) developing a bottom-up approach to resolve this bind. The article proposes the creation of “Users Unions” – legal structures that create affordance for users to have a collective voice within platforms’ corporate governance and decision-making mechanisms. The proposed structural reform could mitigate the power disparities between users and online platforms and assist in respecting, protecting, and fulfilling users’ political rights.
Exploring the impact of vibrational cavity coupling strength on ultrafast CN + c-C6H12 reaction dynamics
Authors: Chen Liying , Fidler Ashley P. , McKillop Alexander M. , Weichman Marissa L.
Published: January 2024

Molecular polaritons, hybrid light-matter states resulting from strong cavity coupling of optical transitions, may provide a new route to guide chemical reactions. However, demonstrations of cavity-modified reactivity in clean benchmark systems are still needed to clarify the mechanisms and scope of polariton chemistry. Here, we use transient absorption to observe the ultrafast dynamics of CN radicals interacting with a cyclohexane (c-C6H12) and chloroform (CHCl3) solvent mixture under vibrational strong coupling of a C–H stretching mode of c-C6H12. By modulating the c-C6H12:CHCl3 ratio, we explore how solvent complexation and hydrogen (H)-abstraction processes proceed under collective cavity coupling strengths ranging from 55 to 85 cm−1. Reaction rates remain unchanged for all extracavity, on-resonance, and off-resonance cavity coupling conditions, regardless of coupling strength. These results suggest that insufficient vibrational cavity coupling strength may not be the determining factor for the negligible cavity effects observed previously in H-abstraction reactions of CN with CHCl3.
Study hoop algebras by fuzzy (n-fold) obstinate filters
Authors: Namdar Ameneh , Saeid Arsham Borumand
Published: January 2024

In this article, we introduce the concept of fuzzy (n-fold) obstinate filter on hoop algebras and study some of the properties. We define and study fuzzy prime filter and fuzzy n-fold implicative filter on hoop algebras. Also, the relationship between fuzzy obstinate filter and some other fuzzy filters likeness fuzzy prime and fuzzy positive implicative filters are investigated. Then we show that the quotient of this structure is a Boolean algebra and obtained some condition equivalent with fuzzy n-fold implicative filter. Finally we show that every fuzzy n-fold obstinate filter with some conditions is a fuzzy n-fold implicative filter.