bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children’s rights and the regulations on the transfer of young players in football
Authors: Yilmaz Serhat , Esson James , Darby Paul , Drywood Eleanor , Mason Carolynne
Published: July 2018

Children who interact with football’s recruitment and transfer processes encounter a complex web of regulations and practices. Debates over how to ensure that the interests and well-being of young football players are adequately protected, and that risks to their rights and welfare are identified and addressed, have become a topic of academic, political and media concern. This commentary article provides an overview of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) regulations concerning the mobility and representation of minors in player recruitment processes, in particular the Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players and the Regulations on Working with Intermediaries. We examine these regulations through the lens of the United Nations Children’s Rights Conventions (UNCRC). In so doing, the article demonstrates how football’s regulatory frameworks and commercial practices inadvertently yield consequences that operate against the best interests of children involved in the sport. To counteract this, it is proposed that all planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of regulations involving the recruitment and transfer of young people should be explicitly informed by globally accepted standards of children’s rights, such as the UNCRC. More specifically, it is argued that FIFA should adopt an approach that places the child at the centre of regulatory frameworks and characterises the child as a ‘rights holder’.
A model for the provision of integrated perinatal and infant mental health services in regional settings
Authors: Lee Vivian Wing Woon , Newman Louise Kathryn
Published: July 2018

Objective:

This paper aims to describe current approaches in Victoria to the development of perinatal and infant mental health services in regional areas.

Method:

The paper outlines the significance of perinatal mental disorder for maternal wellbeing and impact on infant development, and describes the model of care at the Agnes Unit.

Results:

The Agnes Unit has been established as a residential therapeutic unit offering short-term treatment that focusses on promoting parental mental health, parenting sensitivity and the parent-infant relationship.

Conclusions:

A coordinated and integrated approach with focus on early intervention is needed to deliver perinatal and infant mental health services. Services need to focus on the infant and parent-infant relationship in addition to parental mental health.
“It’s very humbling”: The Effect Experienced by Those Who Facilitate a Legacy Project Session Within Palliative Care
Authors: Collins Andrew
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

The creative arts can be utilized within palliative care to facilitate the creation of a legacy project, an object which will reflect the unique experiences and interests of the creator. This can be bestowed to a loved one, thereby providing an opportunity to leave something tangible behind. However, there is a paucity of evidence exploring the impact experienced by those who facilitate the legacy generation session.

Methods:

“From The HEart” is a volunteer operated program that offers creative arts based legacy projects to palliative care patients. Five volunteers were interviewed to understand their personal experiences. Emphasis was placed on any perceived positive or negative impact from this work, and if a self-care program would be required. Interviews were transcribed verbatim into a textual document which was coded by the principal investigator using inductive content analysis to derive overarching themes.

Results:

Five themes emerged from the data: “providing a benefit”, “internal validation”, “it's all been positive”, “self-awareness”, and “if you need support”. All facilitators reported positive experiences, which provided internal validation or confirmation that this work was personally significant to this group. Self-care practises emerged as important, but group activities would only be warranted if requirements couldn't be meet through individual self-care practises.

Significance of Results:

This study provides confirmation that facilitators do not report any negative experiences while assisting a palliative care client in creating a legacy project. These activities can provide meaning while working in the field of palliative care.
Social Work Assessment and Outcomes Measurement in Hospice and Palliative Care
Authors: Reese Dona J. , Csikai Ellen L.
Published: July 2018

While psychosocial assessment is required in hospice, no requirement exists for documentation of psychosocial outcomes. Social work research has identified the psychosocial and spiritual domains most often and appropriate for social workers to address, and standardized assessment tools have been developed by social workers based on this research. The aims of this study were to document the current use of standardized assessment measures for assessment and documenting outcomes and specifically the use of the Social Work Assessment Tool. A national sample of 203 hospice and palliative care social workers was recruited for this mixed methods study. Results indicated that most social workers used a form developed by a nonsocial worker in the agency for the initial assessment, and many palliative care social workers were not responsible for the assessment. Fewer conducted a follow-up assessment or documented outcomes. No common standardized measure was used. This study confirmed anecdotal evidence about lack of standardized social work assessment and outcomes measurement occurring in hospice and palliative care. As the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is likely to select a standardized tool to measure psychosocial outcomes, social workers have an opportunity to contribute a quantitatively driven outcomes measure, developed by social workers, that will demonstrate effectiveness of social work intervention and lead to a better understanding of the social work role in hospice and palliative care.
How Do Quality of Teaching, Assessment, and Feedback Drive Undergraduate Course Satisfaction in U.K. Business Schools? A Comparative Analysis With Nonbusiness School Courses Using the U.K. National Student Survey
Authors: Sutherland Dylan , Warwick Philip , Anderson John , Learmonth Mark
Published: July 2018

How does quality of teaching, assessment, and feedback influence satisfaction with overall course quality for students taking business school (BS) undergraduate courses in the United Kingdom? Are these teaching-related determinants of satisfaction in BS courses different to those in nonbusiness school (NBS) courses? These questions currently figure prominently in U.K. higher education owing to the introduction of a “Teaching Excellence Framework,” linking student fee increases to levels of reported student satisfaction. The elevation of student satisfaction as a determinant of higher education delivery raises important questions about the possible longer term consequences for teaching practices. To explore these, we test three sets of hypotheses relating to how teaching, assessment, and feedback quality affects satisfaction in the BS context, as well as comparative differences (i.e., BS vs. NBS students). We draw from over 1 million responses recorded in the U.K.’s National Student Survey. We find questions related to perceived teaching quality are important satisfaction drivers for BS students. In terms of differences with NBS students, we find intellectual stimulation appears of lesser importance to BS students, whereas fair assessments are of greater importance. BS students, we argue, exhibit a stronger orientation toward “instrumental” learning. We consider policy implications.
Reducing Ambiguity: Tools to Define and Communicate Paraprofessional Roles and Responsibilities
Authors: Stewart Erin M.
Published: July 2018

One-on-one and program-based special education paraprofessionals are often used to support students with disabilities across school settings. While paraprofessionals may have the best of intentions, their proximity and the support they provide may prevent students with disabilities from fully accessing educational and social opportunities. To prevent unintentional yet negative student outcomes, it is necessary to define and communicate job responsibilities to paraprofessionals before they begin working with students with disabilities. This article outlines several flexible tools and strategies that teachers and administrators can use to efficiently and effectively communicate this information. The article includes (a) a description of how teachers and administrators can define and deliver job-related information to paraprofessionals, (b) reproducible templates for developing a written or digital job responsibilities notebook for paraprofessionals, and (c) recommendations for using these tools effectively.
Consumer Numeracy and Insurance Design Decisions: An Examination of Inflation Protection Take-Up Among Private Long-Term Care Insurance Policy Holders
Authors: McGarry Brian E. , Grabowski David C.
Published: July 2018

Given the rising cost of long-term care (LTC) services, the selection of a private long-term care insurance (LTCi) policy with inflation protection has critical implications for the ability of this coverage to protect against potentially catastrophic LTC expenses. This study examines the effect of consumers’ numeric abilities on the decision to add inflation protection to private LTCi policies. Over 40% of current LTCi policies lack inflation protection. Higher scores on a three-question numeracy scale are associated with increases in the probability of choosing inflation protection at the time of policy purchase, with households answering all three questions correctly being 12 percentage points more likely to have this benefit type relative to those with a numeracy score of 0 ( p = .002). Market reforms that simplify the task of evaluating LTCi plans and assessing the value of indexed benefits may be needed to ensure that LTCi policy purchasers are selecting adequate protection against future LTC costs.
An Interdisciplinary Clinical Approach for Workplace Violence Prevention and Injury Reduction in the General Hospital Setting: S.A.F.E. Response
Authors: Lakatos Barbara E. , Mitchell Monique T. , Askari Reza , Etheredge Mary Lou , Hopcia Karen , DeLisle Leslie , Smith Christine , Fagan Maureen , Mulloy Deborah , Lewis-O’Connor Annie , Higgins Margaret , Shellman Andrea
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: Workplace violence is a major public health concern. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, from 2002 to 2013, incidents of serious workplace violence (those requiring days off) were four times more common in health care than in private industry. AIMS: An interprofessional committee developed, implemented, and evaluated a quality improvement project from 2012 to 2016 to reduce workplace violence and prevent staff injury. The initiative termed S.A.F.E. Response stands for Spot a threat, Assess the risk, Formulate a safe response, Evaluate the outcome. METHOD: An institutional review board–approved quality improvement survey was implemented and evaluated. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. An interprofessional committee developed and implemented a comprehensive program to prevent injury, which included (a) a mandatory eLearning educational training, (b) a S.A.F.E. Response with standardized interventions for the clinical conditions affecting safety, and (c) a clinical debriefing process. A reduction in nursing staff assault incidence rates was identified as a success. RESULTS: Nursing staff injury rates decreased an average of 40%. CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in nursing staff assault incidence rates was notable. Clinicians equipped with knowledge, skills, and resources can identify and defuse unsafe situations to prevent violence. This clinical approach shifts the focus from crisis intervention to crisis prevention, which reduces injury.
Environmental Investment Versus Traditional Investment: Alternative or Redundant Pathways?
Authors: de Sousa Gabriel Vítor Manuel , Rodeiro-Pazos David
Published: July 2018

Considering the short- and long-term equilibrium between indices, the present article analyses the relationship of two segments of stock markets: environmentally sustainable investment and traditional indices. We used Johansen cointegration tests and a multivariate model of conditioned heteroscedasticity on seven stock indices: five corresponding to segments of environmental investment, namely, regarding alternative energy, clean technology, green building, sustainable water, and pollution prevention, and two indices representative of traditional stock market segments, whose philosophy is based on a purely financial logic. The period considered was 8 years. Our result shows that in the long term, the pattern of behaviour of environmental indices differed from traditional indices, and no equilibrium relationships were identified. In the short term, the two groups of indices reported very similar behaviour, with the daily dynamics being determined fundamentally by cross-market factors.
Exploring the effects of proximal–distal metaphor on the development of EFL learners’ knowledge of the degree of certainty
Authors: Takimoto Masahiro
Published: July 2018

The present study was motivated by theoretical considerations in cognitive linguistics associated with the concept projection as well as by theories in cognitive science related to self-directed learning on computers, to apply them in developing Japanese learners’ knowledge of the different degrees of sureness attached to certain, probable, and possible items. It evaluated the relative effects of cognitive and non-cognitive approaches and of self- and teacher-directed approaches on computers. The cognitive approach involved concept projection, a process through which the participants understand an abstract concept, namely the degree of certainty, in terms of the spatial concept of distance, whereas the non-cognitive approach involved rote learning of a list of target expressions related to the degree of certainty. The results of the present study demonstrated that the cognitive approach groups outperformed the non-cognitive approach and control groups in writing, comparison, and categorization tests, and further demonstrated that the cognitive approach is effective as a mnemonic device generating long-term memory encoding. The results of the present study also showed that the self-directed approaches were no less effective than the teacher-directed approaches, and the difference between self-directed and teacher-directed learning did not seem to have had a major impact on the overall performance of the self- and teacher-directed groups.
Listening to consumption: Towards a sonic turn in consumer research
Authors: Patterson Maurice , Larsen Gretchen
Published: July 2018

In seeking to orient consumer research towards the sonic, this article has three objectives. First, to chart the emergence of the ‘sonic turn’ in the social sciences and, relatedly, to register the echoes of such a turn in consumer research. Second, to draw together the implications of this turn for the ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations of consumer research as a culturally framed social science. Third, to tease out the potential impact of the turn to sound in an intellectual context that remains relatively silent, by addressing the question: what does it mean to listen to consumption? We conclude that the sonic turn does not simply present a set of new objects for enquiry but rather offers a fresh analytical lens that provides a non-linguistic means of appreciating consumption. Such a move opens up the space for new, alternative and disruptive ways of thinking about and doing consumer research.
Nonparametric double additive cure survival models: An application to the estimation of the non-linear effect of age at first parenthood on fertility progression
Authors: Bremhorst Vincent , Kreyenfeld Michaela , Lambert Philippe
Published: July 2018

This article introduces double additive models to describe the effect of continuous covariates in cure survival models, thereby relaxing the traditional linearity assumption in the two regression parts. This class of models extends the classical event history models when an unknown proportion of the population under study will never experience the event of interest. They are used on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to examine how age at first birth relates to the timing and quantum of fertility for given education levels of the respondents. It is shown that the conditional probability of having further children decreases with the mother's age at first birth. While the effect of age at first birth in the third birth's probability model is fairly linear, this is not the case for the second child with an accelerating decline detected for women that had their first kid beyond age 30.
Research on pressure fluctuation phenomenon using the smart isolation tool in subsea pipeline maintenance operation
Authors: Zhang Kang , Ding Qingxin , Liu Shuhai , Zhang Shimin , Zhu Xiaoxiao
Published: July 2018

A new isolation technology in subsea pipeline maintenance has been gradually developed in recent years. During the operation, the smart isolation tool is desired to decelerate and stop in the accurate position, which will cause a pressure surge in pipe, it was named “pressure fluctuation phenomenon” in this article. For control precision and sealing reliability, avoiding or reducing the fluctuation phenomenon has been necessary. The characteristics of this phenomenon and the effects of parameters have been investigated using numerical methodologies. The results indicated that this phenomenon mainly affected by deceleration time, flow velocity and aspect ratio, and the optimal parameters are t = 1.5 s, v = 1 m/s and γ = 1.2, respectively. The identical results could be achieved from the sensitivity analysis. It can be concluded that the peak value is more sensitive to deceleration time, less sensitive to flow velocity and least sensitive to aspect ratio. All the studies in this article will provide a reference to improve the control precision and seal reliability using smart isolation tool in subsea pipeline maintenance.
Incorporating a Mindfulness Meditation Exercise Into a Stuttering Treatment Program
Authors: Emge Greta , Pellowski Mark W.
Published: July 2018

A mindfulness meditation exercise was incorporated into a stuttering treatment program for an adult male who stutters. Speech disfluencies were analyzed before and after mindfulness meditation and implementation of fluency shaping techniques. Findings suggested that including a mindfulness meditation exercise into a treatment program may be helpful for people who stutter.
Feasibility of DriveFocus™ and Driving Simulation Interventions in Young Drivers
Authors: Alvarez Liliana , Classen Sherrilene , Medhizadah Shabnam , Knott Melissa , Asantey Kwesi , He Wenqing , Feher Anita , Moulin Marc S.
Published: July 2018

Motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death among North American youth, with a high prevalence of distraction-related fatalities. Youth-focused interventions must address detecting (visual scanning) and responding (adjustment to stimuli) to critical roadway information. In this repeated measures study, we investigated the feasibility (i.e., recruitment and sample characteristics; data collection procedures; acceptability of the intervention; resources; and preliminary effects) of a DriveFocus™ app intervention on youth’s driving performance. Thirty-four youth participated in a 9-week protocol (retention rate = 89.7%; adherence rate = 100%). No participants experienced simulator sickness. A preliminary nonparametric evaluation of the results ( n = 34) indicated a statistically significant decrease in the number of visual scanning, F(2, 68) = 3.769, p = .028, and adjustment to stimuli, F(2, 68) = 6.759, p = .002, errors between baseline, midpoint, and posttest. This study lays the foundation to support a targeted intervention trial to improve youth’s attention to critical road information, building on their mobile technology preferences.
They Know How to Work It, That’s Their Focus in Life: The Complex Role of Industry Representatives in Surgical Innovation
Authors: Johnson Jane , Hutchison Katrina
Published: July 2018

Relationships between health care providers and industry can generate conflicts of interest with their attendant harms. However, the types of relationships that involve conflicts of interest have often been understood narrowly as material ones between individual clinicians and industry. In research we undertook with surgical teams, we found the role of industry representatives has become normalized in the context of surgical innovation. In this article, we report the findings of our study and unpack the features of both surgery and innovation which contribute to the scope and normalization of industry involvement. We argue that these relationships generate significant ethical challenges and conclude by commenting on how our conceptualization of the situation might inform change.
Access and Aspirations: Syrian Refugees’ Experiences of Entering Higher Education in Germany
Authors: Schneider Lynn
Published: July 2018

Despite high educational aspirations amongst asylum seekers and refugees (ASRs), scholarship on international student migration and mobility commonly lacks insight deriving from forced migration research. Drawing on qualitative research concerned with Syrian ASRs’ educational aspirations and lived experiences regarding higher education access in Germany, this article speaks to the intersection of refugee and education politics. German Higher Education Institutions commonly subsume ASRs under the more general admission classification of “international students”. While an intentional blindness of the background of non-European Union students in the admission procedure is justified on the grounds of equal treatment, findings indicate that ASRs experience the disregard for their distinct struggles as particularly stifling and disillusioning. At the same time, an analysis of the symbolic significance young ASRs attribute to the student status suggests that educational aspirations are shaped by the prospect to “raise” one’s migration status and identity to that of international students.
Determining optimal poststroke exercise: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating therapeutic intensity and dose on functional recovery during stroke inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Klassen Tara D , Dukelow Sean P , Bayley Mark T , Benavente Oscar , Hill Michael D , Krassioukov Andrei , Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Pooyania Sepideh , Poulin Marc J , Yao Jennifer , Eng Janice J
Published: July 2018

Rationale

A top priority in stroke rehabilitation research is determining the appropriate exercise dose to optimize recovery. Although more intensive rehabilitation very early after stroke may be deleterious to recovery, inpatient rehabilitation, occurring after acute care, may be a more appropriate setting to assess therapeutic dose on neurological recovery.

Hypothesis

Individuals receiving higher intensity and dose exercise programs will yield greater improvements in walking ability over usual inpatient physical therapy care.

Methods and design

Seventy-five individuals across seven inpatient rehabilitation sites in Canada will be randomized into one of three treatment programs, each 5 days/week, for four weeks and monitored for exertion (heart rate) and repetitions (step count).

Study outcomes

The primary outcome measure is the 6 min walk and secondary outcomes include functional independence, cognitive, and quality-of-life measures. Outcome data will be assessed at four time points.

This trial will contribute to our knowledge of the therapeutic intensity and dose necessary to maximize functional recovery at a very important stage of rehabilitation and neural recovery poststroke.
Convergence and overwriting: Toward an interdisciplinary study of memory
Authors: Ramadanovic Petar
Published: July 2018

This article turns to the debate that followed Paul Connerton’s “Seven Types of Forgetting” to demonstrate how a cultural theory of forgetting can be updated to agree with cognitive science. The article goes on to show what an interdisciplinary approach to memory might look like based on the post-structuralist notion of memory as a substitute or supplement.
Management of occult obscure gastrointestinal bleeding patients based on long-term outcomes
Authors: Kunihara Sayoko , Oka Shiro , Tanaka Shinji , Tsuboi Akiyoshi , Otani Ichiro , Chayama Kazuaki
Published: July 2018

Background:

There is no consensus regarding the management of occult obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) patients without a confirmed bleeding source. This study aimed to consider the management of occult OGIB patients based on their long-term outcomes.

Methods:

We retrospectively enrolled 357 consecutive occult OGIB patients (203 men; mean age: 59.7 years) who underwent capsule endoscopy (CE) at Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan and were followed up for more than 12 months (mean follow-up period; 50.2 months). Patients were divided into three groups as follows: Group A consisted of 98 of 157 patients who had positive findings and indication for treatment, Group B consisted of 59 of 157 patients who had positive findings but no indication for treatment, and Group C consisted of 200 patients who had negative small-bowel findings. We examined the rate of positive CE findings, detection rate and details of bleeding sources, overt bleeding rate, the rate of anemia exacerbation, 5-year anemia exacerbation rate, and overall survival rate.

Results:

The positive CE findings rate was 44% (157/357) and detection rate of bleeding source was 27% (98/357). The details of Group A were as follows: angioectasia ( n = 61), nonspecific ulceration ( n = 10), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced ulcer ( n = 8), and others ( n = 19). The details of Group B were as follows: erythema ( n = 31), angioectasia ( n = 25), and others ( n = 3). There were no patients with overt bleeding in Group B. Although six patients had anemia exacerbation in Group B, they had angioectasia without a bleeding source.

Conclusion:

The long-term outcomes of occult OGIB patients were good. Occult OGIB patients without bleeding source lesions may not require follow-up CE.
Attitudes and perspectives of patients toward medical trainees
Authors: Yap Jonathan , Thiagarajan Nishanth , Shen Tong , Teo Tse Yean , Yeo Khung Keong
Published: July 2018

The receptiveness of patients towards involving medical trainees in their care is essential to clinical education. Data on patients’ attitude towards trainees and reasons for their attitude is currently lacking. Hence the aim was to explore the attitudes and factors influencing the attitudes of patients towards trainees at a tertiary centre for cardiovascular care. A cross-sectional survey was performed among consecutive patients from the cardiac clinics at our tertiary institution in 2014. Of the 723 patients included, nearly all (97.9%) believe that senior doctors make the final decision for their care, and the majority (94.1%) are willing to interact with trainees under supervision of senior doctors. However, less than 60% of patients have actually allowed trainees to participate in their care most or all of the time, with the most important reason for this being fear that care would be compromised ( n = 172). Top reasons why trainees were allowed include belief that it is important for trainees to get experience ( n = 538), that trainees obtained permission politely ( n = 360) and that trainees were professional ( n = 284). Multivariate analysis revealed that better education (odds ratio (OR) 2.055, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.393–3.033, p < 0.01), male gender (OR 1.556, 95% CI 1.058–2.338, p = 0.03) and less worry about cost of treatment (OR 1.605, 95% CI 1.058–2.433, p = 0.03) increased receptiveness towards trainees. The study demonstrated largely positive attitudes towards trainees being involved in one’s care. The trainee’s politeness and professionalism, as well as the patient’s perceived importance of trainee education, were important in determining such receptiveness.
Engagement features judged by excessive drinkers as most important to include in smartphone applications for alcohol reduction: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Perski Olga , Baretta Dario , Blandford Ann , West Robert , Michie Susan
Published: July 2018

Objective

Engagement with smartphone applications (apps) for alcohol reduction is necessary for their effectiveness. This study explored (1) the features that are ranked as most important for engagement by excessive drinkers and (2) why particular features are judged to be more important for engagement than others.

Methods

Two studies were conducted in parallel. The first was a focus group study with adult excessive drinkers, interested in reducing alcohol consumption using an app ( ngroups = 3). Participants individually ranked their top 10 features from a pre-specified list and subsequently discussed their rankings. The second was an online study with a new sample ( n = 132). Rankings were analysed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess the level of agreement between raters for each study. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

There was low agreement between participants in their rankings, both in the focus groups (ICC = 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03–0.38) and the online sample (ICC = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.06–0.23). ‘Personalisation’, ‘control features’ and ‘interactive features’ were most highly ranked in the focus groups. These were expected to elicit a sense of benefit and usefulness, adaptability, provide motivational support or spark users’ interest. Results from the online study partly corroborated these findings.

Conclusion

There was little agreement between participants, but on average, the features judged to be most important for inclusion in smartphone apps for alcohol reduction were personalisation, interactive features and control features. Tailoring on users’ underlying psychological needs may promote engagement with alcohol reduction apps.
A Case of Complete Heart Block With Diagnostic Challenge and Therapeutic Dilemma
Authors: Yang Ying Chi , Pata Rama Kanth , Aung Thein Tun
Published: July 2018

Permanent pacemaker implantation is a class I indication for all symptomatic patients with complete heart block either congenital or acquired. However, certain portions of patients with congenital complete heart block are asymptomatic. Those patients are often very young, and implanting a permanent pacemaker is not always an easy decision. A therapeutic dilemma arises when a select patient population does not meet certain criteria to gain the maximum benefits out of prophylactic pacemaker therapy. Most asymptomatic patients with congenital complete heart block will eventually become symptomatic and require pacemakers at some point in their life but the definitive answer for the ideal time to initiate pacemaker therapy in such population has not been established. We present a case of asymptomatic congenital complete heart block with junctional escape rhythm, which is capable of incrementing the heart rate with physical activity to result in a challenge in diagnosis as well as the treatment strategy.
Effect of Anterior Glenoid Labral Tears and Glenoid Bone Loss at the NFL Combine on Future NFL Performance
Authors: Murphy Colin P. , Frangiamore Salvatore J. , Mannava Sandeep , Sanchez Anthony , Beiter Evan R. , Whalen James M. , Price Mark D. , LaPrade Robert F. , Provencher Matthew T.
Published: July 2018

Background:

Anterior glenohumeral instability is a common abnormality in the young, athletic population, especially in those participating in contact or collision sports.

Purpose:

To examine the effect of anterior labral tears, their associated injuries, and their management on future National Football League (NFL) performance.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review of all NFL Combine participants from 2009 to 2015 was performed using medical and imaging reports compiled at the NFL Combine. These notes and images were reviewed and analyzed for involved structures, associated injuries, and evidence of previous surgical interventions. The respective NFL draft position, number of NFL games played, number of NFL games started, and NFL snap percentage for each player’s first 2 seasons were collected and compared with a control group and within subgroups.

Results:

Of the 2285 players at the NFL Combine between 2009 and 2015, there were 206 (9%) anterior labral tears confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging, 20 of which were bilateral, for a total of 226 affected shoulders. There were 908 players who fit the criteria for inclusion in the control group. Overall, there were no significant differences between players with anterior labral tears and the control players in terms of draft position ( P = .259), games played in their first 2 NFL seasons ( P = .391), games started in their first 2 NFL seasons ( P = .486), or snap percentage in their first ( P = .268) and second ( P = .757) NFL seasons. In general, sustaining a concomitant injury with an anterior labral tear (superior labrum from anterior to posterior [SLAP] tear, glenoid bone loss, Hill-Sachs lesion, rotator cuff tear, humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament, and anterior tear combined with posterior tear) negatively affected a player’s NFL draft position when compared with those with an isolated anterior labral tear ( P = .003). There was no significant difference between operative and nonoperative management for anterior labral tears in terms of any performance metric.

Conclusion:

A history of anterior labral tears was not significantly associated with future NFL performance. While players with isolated injuries were drafted significantly earlier than those with concomitant injuries, combined injuries did not affect players’ games played, games started, or snap percentage in their first 2 NFL seasons. Glenoid bone loss did significantly decrease draft position; however, the severity of bone loss did not affect draft position, and there were no significant associations between glenoid bone loss and games played, games started, or snap percentage.
Open Education Science
Authors: van der Zee Tim , Reich Justin
Published: July 2018

Scientific progress is built on research that is reliable, accurate, and verifiable. The methods and evidentiary reasoning that underlie scientific claims must be available for scrutiny. Like other fields, the education sciences suffer from problems such as failure to replicate, validity and generalization issues, publication bias, and high costs of access to publications—all of which are symptoms of a nontransparent approach to research. Each aspect of the scientific cycle—research design, data collection, analysis, and publication—can and should be made more transparent and accessible. Open Education Science is a set of practices designed to increase the transparency of evidentiary reasoning and access to scientific research in a domain characterized by diverse disciplinary traditions and a commitment to impact in policy and practice. Transparency and accessibility are functional imperatives that come with many benefits for the individual researcher, scientific community, and society at large—Open Education Science is the way forward.
Supporting Caregivers in Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study of Their Activities and Roles
Authors: Anders Shilo , Aaron Hannah , Jackson Gretchen Purcell , Novak Laurie L
Published: July 2018

Background:

The significant role of lay caregivers has been explored in chronic and acute illnesses. In pregnancy, caregivers’ (eg, the baby’s father, friends, and family) roles in promoting the health of the mother and baby are not well understood.

Objective:

We characterize the activities and roles of pregnancy caregivers and offer opportunities for engaging this important group.

Method:

We conducted interviews with 29 pregnancy caregivers. Interview transcripts were analyzed inductively, resulting in a coding scheme of actions and roles that pregnancy caregivers perform.

Results:

The most common actions and roles included searching for information (97%), accompanying patients to medical appointments (69%), and being a source of emotional support (76%). Identified actions and roles fit a patient work framework, including work types identified by Corbin and Strauss: illness, everyday life, biographical, articulation, and invisible.

Conclusion:

The patient work framework can be employed to describe the activities and roles of pregnancy caregivers. We have contributed new insights into the experiences of pregnancy caregivers and recommendations for educational and technological interventions.
Femininity and female sexual desires in “The Lang Women”: an analysis using Halliday’s theory on transitivity
Authors: Nguyen Thu Hanh
Published: July 2018

Abstracts

This article deals with the linguistic representation of and the relationship between femininity and female desires and needs in Masters’ short story “The Lang Women”. Based on Halliday’s theory of systemic functional linguistics, particularly Transitivity, this story is examined for what it can tell us about how Masters represents and explores female desires and needs in her work. In particular the article focuses on Carrie’s consideration of her own physical attributes. The article also discusses Masters’ view of the relationship between femininity and female sexual desires and how Masters’ work can be read as a common on debates about female sexuality and its depiction current at the time of her writing. The article then claims that through female sexuality women can expand their self, agency and social status.
Survival Analysis and Interpretation of Time-to-Event Data: The Tortoise and the Hare
Authors: Schober Patrick , Vetter Thomas R.
Published: July 2018

Survival analysis, or more generally, time-to-event analysis, refers to a set of methods for analyzing the length of time until the occurrence of a well-defined end point of interest. A unique feature of survival data is that typically not all patients experience the event (eg, death) by the end of the observation period, so the actual survival times for some patients are unknown. This phenomenon, referred to as censoring, must be accounted for in the analysis to allow for valid inferences. Moreover, survival times are usually skewed, limiting the usefulness of analysis methods that assume a normal data distribution. As part of the ongoing series inAnesthesia & Analgesia, this tutorial reviews statistical methods for the appropriate analysis of time-to-event data, including nonparametric and semiparametric methods—specifically the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model. These methods are by far the most commonly used techniques for such data in medical literature. Illustrative examples from studies published inAnesthesia & Analgesiademonstrate how these techniques are used in practice. Full parametric models and models to deal with special circumstances, such as recurrent events models, competing risks models, and frailty models, are briefly discussed.
Long-Term Links between Physical Activity and Sleep Quality
Authors: SEMPLONIUS THALIA , WILLOUGHBY TEENA
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Findings from cross-sectional research indicate that the relationship between sleep quality and physical activity is mixed. For research that does indicate a significant association, the interpretation of the finding most often is that physical activity leads to better sleep, or less frequently, that better sleep leads to more involvement in physical activity (see sleep deprivation studies). Cross-sectional studies, however, are not able to assess the direction of these effects, and experimental studies have tested only one direction of the effects. Longitudinal studies, with their focus on temporal order, are needed to specifically examine the link between sleep and physical activity as well as the direction of effects. The current study had three goals: to examine 1) the longitudinal relationship between sleep and physical activity, 2) the direction of effects, and 3) whether emotion regulation mediates the relationship between sleep and physical activity.

Methods

Participants included a sample of 827 (M
age at baseline = 19.04 yr, SD = 0.92 yr, 73.88% female) students at a university in Southwestern Ontario, who took part in a larger longitudinal survey that started in their first year of university. Participants were surveyed annually for 3 yr (2011, 2012, 2013; retention, 83.9%). Measures assessed sleep quality, physical activity, emotion regulation, and involvement in sports clubs.

Results

A cross-lagged autoregressive path analysis revealed that sleep quality indirectly predicted increased high-, moderate-, and low-intensity physical activity over time through its positive effect on emotion regulation. Moderate levels of physical activity indirectly predicted sleep quality over time through emotion regulation.

Conclusions

Overall, there appears to be support for a bidirectional relationship between sleep and physical activity over time (at least for moderate physical activity) but only indirectly through emotion regulation.
Association of Sickle Cell Trait and Hemoglobin S Percentage with Physical Fitness
Authors: WEBBER BRYANT J. , UPTEGRAFT COLBY C. , NYE NATHANIEL S. , O’Connor Francis G.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

This study aimed to determine the association between sickle cell trait (SCT) as a binary variable and hemoglobin S percentage as a stratified categorical variable with aerobic and anaerobic fitness.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included all recruits who entered US Air Force Basic Training between January 2009 and December 2014. Fitness parameters among recruits with and without SCT were compared using a standardized fitness assessment of a 1.5-mile timed run, 1 min of push-ups, and 1 min of sit-ups. Performance was further compared by stratifying those with SCT by their hemoglobin S percentage (20%–29.99%, 30%–39.99%, and ≥40%).

Results

Of all recruits (N = 210,461) who entered training during the surveillance period, 2161 (1.0%) had SCT. After adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, and ambient temperature while conducting the fitness assessment, recruits with SCT were slower on their initial run than their peers without SCT by a mean (standard error) of 9.4 s (2.6 s) (P < 0.001) and completed 0.5 (0.3) fewer push-ups (P < 0.05); sit-up completion was statistically equivalent between the two groups. When retested 6 wk later, recruits with SCT improved their run time by a margin of 4.3 s (2.1 s) over their counterparts without SCT (P < 0.05). Baseline physical fitness was largely consistent across strata of hemoglobin S percentages; increased percentages were modestly correlated with faster run times (R
2 = 0.374) and fewer push-ups (R
2 = 0.339).

Conclusions

As compared with their peers, recruits with SCT had slightly inferior aerobic fitness and similar anaerobic fitness at the outset of basic training, and gaps further narrowed over 6 wk of training. Stratifying recruits by their hemoglobin S percentage did not dramatically change the strength or direction of association.
Influence of Vitamin D Supplementation by Sunlight or Oral D3 on Exercise Performance
Authors: CARSWELL ALEXANDER T. , OLIVER SAMUEL J. , WENTZ LAUREL M. , KASHI DANIEL S. , ROBERTS ROSS , TANG JONATHAN C. Y. , IZARD RACHEL M. , JACKSON SARAH , ALLAN DONALD , RHODES LESLEY E. , FRASER WILLIAM D. , GREEVES JULIE P. , WALSH NEIL P.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

To determine the relationship between vitamin D status and exercise performance in a large, prospective cohort study of young men and women across seasons (study 1). Then, in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, to investigate the effects on exercise performance of achieving vitamin D sufficiency (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol·L−1) by a unique comparison of safe, simulated-sunlight and oral vitamin D3 supplementation in wintertime (study 2).

Methods

In study 1, we determined 25(OH)D relationship with exercise performance in 967 military recruits. In study 2, 137 men received either placebo, simulated sunlight (1.3× standard erythemal dose in T-shirt and shorts, three times per week for 4 wk and then once per week for 8 wk) or oral vitamin D3 (1000 IU·d−1 for 4 wk and then 400 IU·d−1 for 8 wk). We measured serum 25(OH)D by high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and endurance, strength and power by 1.5-mile run, maximum dynamic lift and vertical jump, respectively.

Results

In study 1, only 9% of men and 36% of women were vitamin D sufficient during wintertime. After controlling for body composition, smoking, and season, 25(OH)D was positively associated with endurance performance (P ≤ 0.01, ΔR
2 = 0.03–0.06, small f2
effect sizes): 1.5-mile run time was ~half a second faster for every 1 nmol·L−1 increase in 25(OH)D. No significant effects on strength or power emerged (P > 0.05). In study 2, safe simulated sunlight and oral vitamin D3 supplementation were similarly effective in achieving vitamin D sufficiency in almost all (97%); however, this did not improve exercise performance (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Vitamin D status was associated with endurance performance but not strength or power in a prospective cohort study. Achieving vitamin D sufficiency via safe, simulated summer sunlight, or oral vitamin D3 supplementation did not improve exercise performance in a randomized-controlled trial.
Environmental and biological monitoring in the workplace: A 10-year South African retrospective analysis
Authors: Matatiele Puleng , Mochaki Lerato , Southon Bianca , Dabula Boitumelo , Poongavanum Poobalan , Kgarebe Boitumelo
Published: July 2018

This report is an overview of requests for biological and environmental monitoring of hazardous chemicals, submitted to the National Institute for Occupational Health, Analytical Services Laboratory for testing from the years 2005 to 2015. The report discusses the nature of tests requested and implications for workers’ health and environment, as well as potential impact of the uncertainties associated with monitoring of hazardous chemicals. This is a retrospective, descriptive, qualitative and quantitative audit of all samples received and tests performed retrieved from records of analysis by the laboratory. The study sample consisted of 44,221 samples. The report indicates that throughout the interrogation period the demand for biological monitoring was higher than that for environmental monitoring, with more requests for toxic metals than organic pollutants. Toxic metal testing was highest for mercury, followed by manganese, lead, aluminium and arsenic. The highest number of tests for organic pollutants was conducted for pesticides followed by toluene and xylene. The study has also revealed that the scope of tests requested is rather narrow and does not reflect the broad spectrum of South Africa’s industrial diversity. Having identified possible reasons for underutilization, a number of reforms that could enhance the laboratory’s performance have been addressed.
Case Report: Cutaneous granular cell tumors
Authors: Montazer Fatemeh , Kazeminejad Armaghan , Rokni Ghasem Rahmatpour , Tayebi Sepideh
Published: July 2018

Granular cell tumors are uncommon tumors in the deep soft tissue of the extremities, especially those with intramuscular origin, with a good prognosis after surgical resection. We present a case study of a 30 year old man with a skin lesion on his shoulder, which was grown in size over the course of 2 months. Complete tumor excision was done and histopathological findings revealed a marked hyperplasia epidermis with pseudoepitheliomatous pattern. The pathologic report was compatible with a granular cell tumor.