bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Consequences of Marriage During Iddah Period Based on Compilation Islamic Law
Authors: Pomahiya Sinta , M. Kasim Nur , Alhasni Bakung Dolot
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This journal discusses marriage during the Iddah period. In Article 2 of the Compilation of Islamic Law, it is stated that marriage according to Islamic law is marriage, which is a very strong mistaken gholiidhan contract to obey Allah's commands. However, not all Islamic teachings can be implemented properly. This is evidenced by the existence of couples who do not care about iddah issues. Carrying out iddah for women is considered a form of worship. The type of research used types of sociological research, which aims-describes the implementation of marriage during the Iddah period and the legal consequences of marriage during the Iddah period. The results of the study’s three main points can be concluded. First, the implementation of marriage during the iddah period is the same as marriage in general, it's just that the marriage is carried out during the iddah period so the marriage is invalid. Second, because the marriage law during the iddah period will arise, the husband and wife will not get a marriage certificate, and when the marriage takes place there will be hereditary problems. Keywords: Marriage; Iddah; Islamic Law Compilation
Juridical Review Of Working Agreements On The Safety Of Ship Crew
Authors: Lahibu Dilfa Nurfadila , Cherawaty Thalib Mutia , T. Mandjo Julius
Published: August 2023

The purpose of writing is to describe the legal relationship between sea work agreements and work agreements based on the Labor Law in Indonesia and to describe the effectiveness of the implementation of sea work agreements on the work safety of crew members. This type of research uses an approach focused on normative legal research with a legal concept related to analysis and construction carried out with specific methods. In general, in an agreement, there is an object where the parties agree to enter into law to carry out the work. For this reason, the rights and obligations of the crew in the PT AWB work agreement have been implemented. They are guided by statutory regulations, including employers'
Efforts to Optimize the Office of Religious Affairs of Paleleh District Buol Regency in overcoming the increase in early marriage after the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Yunde Risky Yanto , Mohamad Kasim Nur , Alhasni Bakung Dolot
Published: August 2023

Early marriage experienced by adolescents under 19 years old is still a phenomenon in several regions in Indonesia. Early marriage is more likely to occur in any Religion Paleleh sub-district, Buol Regency is one of the sub-districts where the number of cases of early marriage is quite high and has increased after the co-19 pandemic. This needs to be prevented by all actions, activities, or efforts carried out by the Regional Government, community, family, and parents as well as all stakeholders to reduce the rate of early marriage. The purpose of conducting this research is to find out the efforts of the Religious Affairs Office of Paleleh District, Buol Regency in overcoming the increase in early marriage after the Covid-19 pandemic. Using a sociological juridical research method, using a descriptive qualitative research approach and interactive analysis techniques. The results of the research conducted stem from the responses of various elements of the Paleleh District community regarding early marriage, which contain a lot of speculation, namely positive and negative responses. Responses from rural communities where people are still less aware and less compliant with the law. Early or underage marriages that still occur are often due to factors caused by the social model of young people who are too free with the opposite sex. However, it is all returned to the parents. For the people of Paleleh Subdistrict who have low economic constraints who cannot afford to send their children to school, especially for women, supported by the negative stigma factor that there is no point in going to high school and the kitchen will be the place to return to.
Analysis of Determination of Sanctions Against Narcotics Abusers Who Experience Mental Disorders (Study of Denpasar District Court Decisions)
Authors: DJ.Pano Mohammad syahrir , U. Puluhulawa Fenty , Rahmah Y. Mantali Avelia
Published: August 2023

Research findings show that the proportion of drug users who suffer from mental disorders is still very high compared to that of drug users who do not suffer from mental disorders. The reason is that the use of drugs can cause addiction, which means that users will continue to do so that which affects the central nervous system and results in mental disorders in drug users, for example in two cases in the Denpasar District Court with cases of narcotics abuse where the defendant had bipolar disorder. This study concludes that the judge's consideration includes the reasons for bipolar mental disorder as mitigating factors. In the case of abuse of narcotics, the Defendants BJJ and YAR, even though they were bipolar, still did not abolish the sentence against the two Defendants in these two different cases..
Prosecutor's Review of Unlicensed Drug Trafficking Prosecution
Authors: Apriliyani Yulinda , Achir Nuvazria
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this research is to know and analyze about what is the impact of drug users without a permit at the Bone Bolango State Attorney. The type of research used is empirical research, using data types consisting of primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of the study show that the prosecutor's considerations in imposing criminal charges against the perpetrators in drug distribution cases without a license include objective and subjective considerations. To achieve legal certainty and the purpose of sentencing the accused. The impact of drug distribution without a permit in the Bone Bolango Region is that it is very disturbing to the community and also endangers physical, mental, and social health conditions.
Rights and Obligations of Children to Parents as Objects of Commercial Content on Tiktok According to the Marriage Law
Authors: Wagimin Hana Yunita , Mustika Waode
Published: August 2023

This study aims to find out how the rights and obligations of children towards parents as objects of commercial content on TikTok according to the marriage law. The research method used is normative. The results of the study show that the rights and obligations of children towards their parents are based on the Marriage Law; children must respect their parents and obey their good wishes. And if the child has grown up, he is obliged to look after according to his ability, parents and family in a straight line upwards, if they need help. Legal consequences for children who do not carry out their alimony obligations towards parents, namely parents can submit a determination to the District Court and file civil lawsuits regarding unlawful acts (PMH) committed by children due to non-fulfillment of children's obligations in providing care to parents whether it's looking after and caring for parents in a healthy or sick condition, as well as providing a living and other things, including the cost of compensation.
Cultural Heritage Zoning System of Otanaha Fort Gorontalo City: Its Implementation in Regional Regulations
Authors: Muliadi Andi
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the implementation of the zoning system in the cultural heritage of Fort Otanaha in Gorontalo Province. This research uses a type of normative-empirical (applied) research, which is research that examines the implementation or implementation of positive legal provisions (legislation) and written documents  in action (factual) on a certain legal event that occurs in society. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that in the application of the zoning system in accordance with the mandate of applicable laws and regulations, it is necessary to have a legal umbrella, namely a derivative regulation that can become a legal umbrella and become an extension to realize the mandate stated in the Cultural Heritage Law so that the cultural heritage of Fort Otanaha can be preserved and passed down from generation to generation.
Legal Protection for Victims of Domestic Violence
Authors: Sarjono Sarjono
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this research is to find out what is becomingfactors causing violence against women in the household as well as legal protection efforts for victims of violence against women in the household in the Kusambi Police Region, West Muna Regency. The research method used is Empirical. Legal protection efforts that can be given to victims of domestic violence in the Kusambi Police area from the perspective of police victimology in minimizing the incidence of victims of domestic violence in the Kusambi Police area are carried out using a preventive approach, which is a follow-up effort from pre-emptive efforts. which provides counseling and outreach to the community. Meanwhile, repressive efforts are by way of law enforcement against perpetrators of domestic violence in accordance with applicable punishments. ConclusionFrom the point of view of critical victimology, the main factors that cause violence against women contain three points, namely in terms of substance, constraints by law enforcement officials, and the legal culture of society. Forms of legal protection that can be given to victims of domestic violence in the Kusambi Police area from a victimological perspectivenamely preventive efforts andrepressive.
Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Produk Egg Roll Frozen Berbahan Daging Ikan
Authors: Wibowo Larasati Sukmadewi , Nento Wila Rumina , Bakari Yuliana
Published: August 2023

The social activities service by the student of KKN Tematik program, aim to provide education and direct training to the community regarding the process of making frozen skipjack egg rolls which can provide business opportunities to the community in Buhudaa Village, Batudaa Pantai District, especially housewives as home-based businesses. highly nutritious. The activity location is in the village of Buhudaa, Batudaa Pantai District. Making egg rolls can be used as an additional effort that is very useful and has economic value and is very popular with all walks of life. Based on the results of the activities and training, the community has high enthusiasm for making egg rolls because the manufacturing process is relatively easy and the availability of raw materials is abundant in the village. The BEP value is 85.79 packs per 90 grams, that the frozen egg rolls business will break even when selling 86 packs, with a price per pack of Rp. 20,000.00 the community will get added value and a profit of Rp. 282,200.00.The social activities service by the student of KKN Tematik program, aim to provide education and direct training to the community regarding the process of making frozen skipjack egg rolls which can provide business opportunities to the community in Buhudaa Village, Batudaa Pantai District, especially housewives as home-based businesses. highly nutritious. The activity location is in the village of Buhudaa, Batudaa Pantai District. Making egg rolls can be used as an additional effort that is very useful and has economic value and is very popular with all walks of life. Based on the results of the activities and training, the community has high enthusiasm for making egg rolls because the manufacturing process is relatively easy and the availability of raw materials is abundant in the village. The BEP value is 85.79 packs per 90 grams, that the frozen egg rolls business will break even when selling 86 packs, with a price per pack of Rp. 20,000.00 the community will get added value and a profit of Rp. 282,200.00.
The Problem of Diversion in Children Perpetrators of Traffic Violations in Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyono Lafri Prasetyono
Published: August 2023

Children as perpetrators of traffic accidents that cause fatalities, this is one of the classic problems related to the application of the legal system and its functionalization by law enforcement officials in Indonesia. How is the protection of children in the juvenile criminal justice system related to the Diversion Problems in Children Traffic Violators in Indonesia? Regarding the Criminal Code and Article 310 paragraph (4) of Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation and Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System as regulated in Article 1 paragraph (7), Article 12, Article 52 verse 5. The results of the research found that there are still disparities (differences) in the law enforcement process in Indonesia for children as traffic offenders and other findings related to diversion techniques are found in the Indonesian Police Criminal Investigation Unit No. Pol.: TR/1124/XI/2006 which provides instructions and rules that can refer to the completion of diversion efforts. Diversion efforts at the level of investigation related to Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Criminal Justice System, the prosecution and examination of children's cases in district courts have not been implemented optimally so it is recommended that at the level of investigation, prosecution, and examination of children's cases in district courts it is advisable to make diversion efforts.
Same-Sex Marriage as a Human Rights Freedom in Indonesia: The Perspective of Pancasila and the Marriage Law
Authors: Dedihasriadi La ode , Hsieh Ju-Lan , Umar Wahyudi
Published: August 2023

Human rights are basic rights that are inherent in humans, so the state is obliged to protect, respect and defend them. Same-sex marriage is a human right. The purpose of this paper is to find out how the legal perspective in Indonesia regarding the legality of same-sex marriage on the basis of freedom of human rights. This research method is normative based with an analytical approach. The results of this study conclude that same-sex marriage on the basis of freedom of human rights does not have a philosophical legal standing because it is contrary to the values contained in Pancasila as the ground norm in Indonesia. On the other hand, Sociologically, same-sex marriage is not in accordance with the culture and culture of the Indonesian nation where its citizens are citizens who uphold the values of the Almighty God. Substantially, same-sex marriage legislation is also not contained in Law No.1 of 1974 concerning marriage which has been changed to Law No. 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage.
Reformulation of Bundo Kanduang's Role in Solving Domestic Violence Cases
Authors: Suryani Irma , Yulnetri Yulnetri , Amrina Amrina , Nengsih Ifelda , Randawar Daleleer Kaur
Published: August 2023

This study aims to reevaluate the role of Bundo Kanduang in addressing Domestic Violence cases within the Minangkabau indigenous community in West Sumatra. Utilizing qualitative research methods, data collection tools include documents, interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The study involves Bundo Kanduang Adat and household members within the Bundo Kanduang organization in Tanah Datar, Agam, and Fifty Cities, totalling 35 participants per regency. Data analysis consists of three stages: Reduction, Presentation, and Verification. Method triangulation compares interview outcomes with FGD results for data triangulation. Theoretical triangulation is then applied to reassess Bundo Kanduang's role in resolving domestic violence cases. The findings reveal that Bundo Kanduang's role in addressing domestic violence under Minangkabau customary tambo has been implemented socially but not optimally within families due to factors such as low education, demanding work schedules, children relocating after marriage, and a lack of concern for one's hometown. To ensure the effective implementation of Bundo Kanduang's role in combating domestic violence, the following reformulations are proposed: 1) Leveraging the "nan 4" principle; 2) implementing premarital education and training; 3) applying people-oriented management; 4) compiling Nagari and community monographs; and 5) reinforcing matrilineal culture.
Editors’ Note
Authors: Buzoianu Cătălin , Sperneac-Wolfer Christian , Țoc Sebastian
Published: August 2023

After the collapse of the state socialist regime in 1989, the de-industrialization and privatisation of the economy was accompanied by processes of impoverishment across significant segments of the working-class population (Chivu et al., 2017), as well as large-scale emigration of Romanian workers to Western European countries and North America (Sandu, 2006). During the following three decades, Romania experienced growing social inequalities (UN Human Rights Council Special Rapporteur, 2016), unequal access to social protection (Adăscăliţei, Raţ, & Spătari, 2020), and struggles over labour rights (Guga, 2014; Varga, & Freyberg-Inan, 2015). Today, the country has the fifth largest and the fastest growing diaspora in the world relative to its population, with approximately 3.6 million people living outside the country (OECD, 2019, 13).
‘Știu eu pe cineva’ Self-Organized Mobility, Labor Intermediation and the Twofold Exploitability of Romanian Workers in the Austrian Fresh Food Sector
Authors: Sperneac-Wolfer Paul
Published: August 2023

The workings of expansive Romanian migration networks across Western Europe as forms of self-organized migration are well-documented. Yet, transnational relations have rarely been examined outside of Romanian migrant networks, namely in their potential source of value extraction in broader accumulation processes. This article thus attempts to look at the self-organization of mobility of Romanian workers - in particular, the practice of labor intermediation - in relation to its exploitation in highly segmented labor markets. In the following, I ethnographically substantiate the view that in my examined field site, the Austrian fresh food sector, it is precisely the self-organization of mobility among Romanian workers that became exploitable by Austrian growers in highly efficient ways. Based on findings from a year-long and ongoing ethnography in an Austrian greenhouse complex, I show how growers capitalize particularly on the practice of labor intermediation to maintain the resilience and profitability of local agricultural businesses in the restructured Austrian agricultural market. The resulting workplace regime constitutes workers in a twofold exploitability: not only is their labor power, but also their interpersonal relations subject to value extraction. This analysis implies the need to move beyond commonplace vocabularies of “social capital” to grasp the persistent exploitation of migrant workers and their reproductive capacities across segmented labor markets in Europe.
Violența domestică în România în contextul pandemiei. Riscuri și politici de suport. Pro Universitaria, București, 2022. Elena Zamfir, Simona Ilie, Sebastian Fitzek (coordonatori)
Authors: Deliu Alexandra
Published: August 2023

This book provides a thorough discussion of domestic violence, as it is configured in nowadays Romania. The volume is made of nine chapters, each of them exploring distinct facets of the phenomenon. Emphasis is put on the factors that have the potential to lead to domestic violence, such as alcohol consumption, and on the importance of coherent and adequate policies to address the phenomenon and provide support for its victims.
Comparing the effects of corn fermented protein with traditional distillers dried grains fed to healthy adult dogs on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and palatability
Authors: Kilburn-Kappeler Logan R. , Lema Almeida Krystina A. , Paulk Chad B. , Aldrich Charles G.
Published: August 2023

Traditional distillers dried grains, co-products from the ethanol industry, can be utilized as sustainable ingredients for pet food. However, negative consumer perception prevents their widespread use. Corn fermented protein (CFP) is produced using post-fermentation separation technology, resulting in a high protein ingredient, which may increase consumer appeal compared to traditional distillers dried grains. The study objective was to compare the effect of CFP with that of traditional distillers dried grains on stool quality, nutrient digestibility, and palatability when fed to dogs. The control diet (CON) contained 15% soybean meal and the experimental diets contained 3.5% brewer’s dried yeast (BDY), 2.5% brewer’s dried yeast plus 17.5% distillers dried grains with solubles (BDY+DDGS), or 17.5% corn fermented protein (CFP). Experimental diets were fed to adult dogs (n = 12) in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design. Dogs were adapted to the diets for 9 days; this was followed by 5 days of total fecal collection. Titanium dioxide (0.4%) was added to all diets as an external marker to estimate digestibility. Data were analyzed using a mixed model in SAS, with treatment as a fixed effect and dog and period as random effects. Fecal output was greatest (p< 0.05) for dogs fed BDY+DDGS. The feces of dogs consuming CFP were firmer (p< 0.05) than those of dogs consuming CON and BDY+DDGS. Overall, nutrient digestibility was greatest (p< 0.05) for CON and BDY and lowest for BDY+DDGS, with that for CFP being intermediate. There were no differences (p> 0.05) in total short-chain or branched-chain fatty acid concentrations in the fresh fecal samples of dogs fed these dietary treatments. However, the percentage of propionate was higher (p< 0.05) in the fecal samples of dogs fed CON than in those of dogs fed BDY+DDGS, whereas the percentage of valerate was higher (p< 0.05) in the fecal samples of dogs fed CON than in those of dogs fed CFP. In the palatability evaluation, dogs had no preference when CON was compared with BDY or BDY+DDGS. However, dogs appeared to prefer CON over CFP. Overall, CFP resulted in improved stool quality and nutrient digestibility when compared with DDGS, which could increase consumer appeal for inclusion into pet food. The impact of CFP on palatability, however, warrants further investigation.
Sustained delivery of osteogenic growth peptide through injectable photoinitiated composite hydrogel for osteogenesis
Authors: Liu Beibei , Wu Jiannan , Sun Xiaodi , Meng Qingxun , Zhang Jian
Published: August 2023

One of the most challenging clinical issues continues to be the effective bone regeneration and rebuilding following bone abnormalities. Although osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) has been proven to be effective in promoting osteoblast activity, its clinical application is constrained by abrupt release and easily degradation. We developed a GelMA/HAMA dual network hydrogel loaded with OGP based on a combination of physical chain entanglement and chemical cross-linking effects to produce an efficient long-term sustained release of OGP. The hydrogel polymers were quickly molded under ultraviolet (UV) light and had the suitable physical characteristics, porosity structure and biocompatibility. Significantly, the GelMA/HAMA-OGP hydrogel could promote cell proliferation, adhesion, increase osteogenic-related gene and protein expression in vitro. In conclusion, the OGP sustained-release system based on GelMA/HAMA dual network hydrogel offers a fresh perspective on bone regeneration therapy.
Metal-organic frameworks/metal nanoparticles as smart nanosensing interfaces for electrochemical sensors applications: a mini-review
Authors: Jiang Min , Liao Jing , Liu Chenghao , Liu Jun , Chen Peixian , Zhou Jia , Du Zhizhi , Liu Yan , Luo Yan , Liu Yangbin , Chen Fei , Fang Xiaojun , Lin Xiaofeng
Published: August 2023

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials with huge specific surface area and abundant active sites, which are composed of metal ions or clusters and organic ligands in the form of coordination bonds. In recent years, MOFs have been successfully applied in many fields due to their excellent physical, chemical, and biological properties. Electrochemical sensors have advantages such as economy, portability, and sensitivity, making them increasingly valued in the field of sensors. Many studies have shown that the electrode materials will affect the performance of electrochemical sensors. Therefore, the research on electrode materials is still one of the hotspots. MOFs are also commonly used to construct electrochemical sensors. However, electrochemical sensors prepared from single MOFs have shortcomings such as insufficient conductivity, low sensitivity, and poor electrochemical catalytic ability. In order to compensate for these defects, a new type of nanocomposite material with very ideal conductivity was formed by adding metal nanoparticles (MNPs) to MOFs. The combination of the two is expected to be widely applied in the field of sensors. This review summarizes the applications of various MNPs/MOFs composites in the field of electrochemical sensors and provides some references for the development of MNPs/MOFs composites-based electrochemical sensors in the future.
Balancing conservation planning and mitigation: perspectives from a case study of the Asiatic lions
Authors: Meena V. , Macdonald D. W.
Published: August 2023

Diverse, often inter-disciplinary, approaches have been proposed to advance the conservation of lions (Panthera leo) and their natural habitats. The IUCN guidelines for the conservation of lions in Africa call for effective national policies at all scales, and legal frameworks with specific Action Plans preferably at a regional/population level, to achieve the goals of lion conservation while also planning for the equitable distribution of costs and benefits amongst local communities. However, general approaches must be tailored to specific circumstances, so here we provide an overview of the factors relevant to the particular case of Asiatic lions (p.l.leo). Taking stock of what has contributed to the remarkable recovery of these lions from the brink of extinction, we provide readers with background understanding of the steadily growing lion population in Gujarat, India. We focus on the management challenges that have arisen during the past two decades during which lions have increasingly moved, and dispersed, beyond the Gir Protected Area (Gir PA). We illustrate how the positive intersection between cultural predisposition, regulatory frameworks, and management interventions have contributed to this accomplishment. Despite the apparent history of success, the currently fruitful intersection of these factors are in fact dynamic and, to remain positive, need continuous review and adaptation. We highlight how mitigations that may strongly foster conservation when applied in moderation may be counter-productive in excess and also go on to evaluate the extent to which some of the lessons learnt can be generalised.
Available evidence for mosquito-borne Francisella tularensis transmission is inconclusive
Authors: Jonckers Nieboer L. F. W. , Fischer E. A. J. , Braks M. A. H.
Published: August 2023

Various arthropod vectors are responsible for the transmission of pathogens that cause serious diseases in humans. Some important pathogens are transmitted by mosquitoes during blood-feeding, for example the well-known parasite causing malaria, and viruses-causing diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus fever. In contrast, very little is known about the potential of mosquitoes to transmit pathogenic bacteria. Hitherto, only a few bacteria have occasionally been suggested to be spread by mosquitoes, but this is not widely known nor accepted, and literature on this topic is limited. The aim of this study was to review the literature about the possible role of mosquitoes in the transmission of the bacterium F. tularensis, the causal agent of tularaemia, which has been proposed by several experts. Available primary articles investigating this possible vector role of mosquitoes were analysed and evaluated based on four vector incrimination criteria. This demonstrated that several studies had indeed found indications of a correlation between mosquito bites and tularaemia, and that the results of some other studies suggested that such a vector role for mosquitoes might exist. However, conclusive evidence of a causal relationship was not found, nor irrefutable proof that mosquitoes can actually transmit this bacterium during blood-feeding. This literature review has provided an overview of the current relevant literature, shows that future studies should focus on gaining more insight into other explanations for the correlation between mosquito bites and tularaemia, and that the certainty with which some authors write about the vector role of mosquitoes is not entirely justified.
Characterizing host-pathogen interactions between Zostera marina and Labyrinthula zosterae
Authors: Venkataraman Yaamini R. , Shore Amanda , Dayal Sukanya , Lee James Sanghyun , Alidoost Salimi Mahsa , Crandall Grace , Loeher Malina M. , Stoops Mark , Swanger Megan , Eisenlord Morgan E. , Van Alstyne Kathryn L. , Fast Mark D. , Burge Colleen A. , Groner Maya L.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Seagrass meadows serve as an integral component of coastal ecosystems but are declining rapidly due to numerous anthropogenic stressors including climate change. Eelgrass wasting disease, caused by opportunistic Labyrinthula spp., is an increasing concern with rising seawater temperature. To better understand the host-pathogen interaction, we paired whole organism physiological assays with dual transcriptomic analysis of the infected host and parasite.

Methods

Eelgrass (Zostera marina) shoots were placed in one of two temperature treatments, 11° C or 18° C, acclimated for 10 days, and exposed to a waterborne inoculation containing infectious Labyrinthula zosterae (Lz) or sterile seawater. At two- and five-days post-exposure, pathogen load, visible disease signs, whole leaf phenolic content, and both host- and pathogen- transcriptomes were characterized.

Results

Two days after exposure, more than 90% of plants had visible lesions and Lz DNA was detectable in 100% percent of sampled plants in the Lz exposed treatment. Concentrations of total phenolic compounds were lower after 5 days of combined exposure to warmer temperatures and Lz, but were unaffected in other treatments. Concentrations of condensed tannins were not affected by Lz or temperature, and did not change over time. Analysis of the eelgrass transcriptome revealed 540 differentially expressed genes in response to Lz exposure, but not temperature. Lz-exposed plants had gene expression patterns consistent with increased defense responses through altered regulation of phytohormone biosynthesis, stress response, and immune function pathways. Analysis of the pathogen transcriptome revealed up-regulation of genes potentially involved in breakdown of host defense, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and metabolism.

Discussion

The lack of a significant temperature signal was unexpected but suggests a more pronounced physiological response to Lz infection as compared to temperature. Pre-acclimation of eelgrass plants to the temperature treatments may have contributed to the limited physiological responses to temperature. Collectively, these data characterize a widespread physiological response to pathogen attack and demonstrate the value of paired transcriptomics to understand infections in a host-pathogen system.
Toll-like receptor 4 and Syk kinase shape dendritic cell-induced immune activation to major house dust mite allergens
Authors: Busold Stefanie , Akkerdaas Jaap H. , Zijlstra-Willems Esther M. , van der Graaf Kees , Tas Sander W. , de Jong Esther C. , van Ree Ronald , Geijtenbeek Teunis B. H.
Published: August 2023

Background

House dust mite (HDM) is a major cause of respiratory allergic diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in orchestrating adaptive allergic immune responses. However, it remains unclear how DCs become activated by HDM. Biochemical functions of the major HDM allergens Der p 1 (cysteine protease) and Der p 2 (MD2-mimick) have been implicated to contribute to DC activation.

Methods

We investigated the immune activating potential of HDM extract and its major allergens Der p 1 and Der p 2 using monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). Maturation and activation markers were monitored by flow cytometry and cytokine production by ELISA. Allergen depletion and proteinase K digestion were used to investigate the involvement of proteins, and in particular of the major allergens. Inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) were used to identify the involved receptors. The contribution of endotoxins in moDC activation was assessed by their removal from HDM extract.

Results

HDM extract induced DC maturation and cytokine responses in contrast to the natural purified major allergens Der p 1 and Der p 2. Proteinase K digestion and removal of Der p 1 or Der p 2 did not alter the immune stimulatory capacity of HDM extract. Antibodies against the CLRs Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and DC-SIGN did not affect cytokine responses. In contrast, Syk inhibition partially reduced IL-6, IL-12 and completely blocked IL-10. Blocking TLR4 signaling reduced the HDM-induced IL-10 and IL-12p70 induction, but not IL-6, while endotoxin removal potently abolished the induced cytokine response.

Conclusion

Our data strongly suggest that HDM-induced DC activation is neither dependent on Der p 1 nor Der p 2, but depend on Syk and TLR4 activation, which might suggest a crosstalk between Syk and TLR4 pathways. Our data highlight that endotoxins play a potent role in immune responses targeting HDM.
Prevalence, predictors, dynamic bone change, and treatment efficacy of osteoporosis among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kaenmuang Punchalee , Keeratichananont Warangkana , Geater Sarayut Lucien , Chantamanee Nicha , Srikaew Piyaporn
Published: August 2023

Background

Osteoporosis is a silent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comorbidity that is often under-detected. We aimed to study the prevalence and potential predictors of osteoporosis in COPD. Dynamic changes in bone mass density (BMD) and treatment efficacy of bisphosphonate were also assessed.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included COPD patients between January 2017 and January 2019. Demographics data, spirometric parameters, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (L2-4) and both femoral necks were measured after enrollment and the 12-month follow-up. Participants were categorized into three groups per the baseline BMD T-score: normal (≥ − 1.0), osteopenia (between −1.0 and − 2.5), and osteoporosis (≤ − 2.5). In the osteoporosis group, alendronate 70 mg/week with vitamin D and calcium was prescribed.

Results

In total, 108 COPD patients were enrolled. The prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia were 31.5 and 32.4%, respectively. Advanced age, lower body mass index (BMI), history of exacerbation in the previous year, and high CRP levels were significant predictors of osteoporosis. After 12 months, 35.3% in the osteoporosis group reported new vertebral and femoral fractures, compared to none in the non-osteoporosis group (p < 0.001). In the normal BMD and osteopenia groups showed a further decline in BMD after 12-month. Conversely, the osteoporosis group showed a statistically significant improvement in BMD after anti-resorptive treatment (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The prevalence of osteoporosis was high in Thai COPD patients. Advanced age, lower BMI, history of exacerbation, and high CRP levels were potential predictors. A rapid decline in BMD was observed in COPD patients without treatment.
Construction of a cuproptosis-associated lncRNA prognostic signature for bladder cancer and experimental validation of cuproptosis-related lncRNA UBE2Q1-AS1
Authors: Shen Junlin , Du Mingyang , Liang Shuang , Wang Linhui , Bi Jianbin
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is the ninth most common malignancy worldwide and the fourth most common cancer in men. Copper levels are significantly altered in patients with thyroid, breast, lung, cervical, ovarian, pancreatic, oral, gastric, bladder, and prostate cancers. Outcomes can be predicted by constructing signatures using lncRNA-related genes associated with outcomes.

Methods

We identified lncRNAs related to outcomes, those differentially expressed in bladder cancer, and cuproptosis-related lncRNAs from TCGA. We identified the intersection to obtain 12 genes and established a prognostic risk signature consisting of eight genes using LASSO-penalized multivariate Cox analysis. We constructed a training set, performed survival analysis on the high-and low-risk groups, and performed validation in the test and full sets. There existed a substantial contrast in the likelihood of survival among the cohorts of high and low risk. An in-depth analysis of the gene mutations associated with tumors was conducted to evaluate the risk of developing cancer. We also performed gene analysis on neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We conducted experimental validation on the key gene UBE2Q1-AS1 in our prognostic signature.

Results

The risk signature we constructed shows significant differences between the high-risk group and the low-risk group. Univariate survival analysis of the eight genes in our signature showed that each gene distinguished between high- and low-risk groups. Sub-group analysis revealed that our risk score differed significantly in tumor stage, age, and gender. The analysis results of the tumor mutation burden (TMB) showed a significant difference in the TMB between the low- and high-risk groups, which had a direct impact on the outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of TMB as a potential prognostic marker in cancer detection and prevention. We analyzed the immune microenvironment and found significant differences in immune function, validation responses, immunotherapy-related positive markers, and critical steps in the tumor immunity cycle between the high- and low-risk groups. We found that the effect of anti-CTLA4 and PD-1 was higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group.Gene analysis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy revealed that the treatment effect in the high-risk group was better than in the low-risk group. The key gene UBE2Q1-AS1 in our prognostic signature can significantly influence the cell viability, migration, and proliferation of cancer cells.

Discussion

We established a signature consisting of eight genes constructed from cuproptosis-related lncRNAs that have potential clinical applications for outcomes prediction, diagnosis, and treatment.
High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori mixed infections identified by multilocus sequence typing in Ningbo, China
Authors: Zhang Yongxiong , Gu Haiying , Shi Zhouhong , Chen Weiqin , Li Airu , Ye Weiwei , Zhang Cheng , Yuan Huikun , Zhao Mingming
Published: August 2023

This study used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) mixed infections and H. pylori mixed infections involving unrelated strains; and determined the phylogeographic groups of H. pylori recovered from patients in Ningbo, China. A total of 156 H. pylori isolates were obtained from a convenience sample of 33 patients with culture-positive H. pylori infection. MLST was used to classify 150 H. pylori clinical isolates and 12 methodological control strains (6 clinical isolates and 6 strains of American Type Culture Collection H. pylori) into 43 and 12 sequence types (STs), respectively. In this study, 246 new alleles and 53 new STs were identified by MLST. The prevalence of mixed infections was 41% (11/27). The prevalence of H. pylori mixed infections involving unrelated strains was 46% (5/11) and the prevalence of H. pylori mixed infections involving completely unrelated strains (strains with all 7 housekeeping genes different) was 36% (4/11). A phylogenetic tree was created to determine the evolutionary relationships between different strains. The STs in this study were clustered within the hspEAsia subgroup (98%) and hpEurope group (2%). H. pylori mixed infections were common in Ningbo, China. The H. pylori isolates belonging to the hpEurope group were recovered from three different biopsy samples in a native Chinese patient. Most of H. pylori strains colonizing the antrum, corpus, and duodenum bulb were homologous.
Evaluation of Kluyveromyces spp. for conversion of lactose in different types of whey from dairy processing waste into ethanol
Authors: Ohstrom Ashley Mae , Buck Autumn Elizabeth , Du Xue , Wee Josephine
Published: August 2023

The processing of dairy products currently generates significant amounts of waste, particularly in the form of liquid whey. The disposal of whey poses a challenge to the environment due to its high organic content and biological oxygen demand. Whey contains lactose, soluble proteins, lipids, and minerals. While Saccharomyces cerevisiae can efficiently utilize glucose, they are unable to metabolize lactose. In contrast, Kluyveromyces spp. encode two genes, Lac12 and Lac4 that enable conversion of lactose to other by-products such as ethanol. Here, we selected five Kluyveromyces yeast inoculated into three different types of whey substrates, cheddar sweet whey, cream cheese acid whey, and yogurt acid whey that could be used to convert lactose into ethanol. We demonstrate that differences exist in ethanol production across different whey substrates inoculated with Kluyveromyces yeast. In sweet whey, K. lactis, K. lactis Y-1205 and K. lactis Y-1564 were the highest ethanol producing strains. The highest amount of ethanol produced was 24.85 ± 3.5 g/L achieved by Y-1564 in sweet whey (96.8% efficiency). K. lactis Y-1205 produced 22.39 ± 5.6 g/L ethanol in yogurt acid whey. In cream cheese acid whey, K. lactis strains produced significantly higher ethanol levels compared to S. cerevisiae and K. marxianus (p < 0.05). Outcomes from this study could provide a simple and cheap solution for small-to medium-sized dairy processing facilities to ferment lactose in whey into ethanol using lactose-consuming yeasts.
Adversarial robustness in deep neural networks based on variable attributes of the stochastic ensemble model
Authors: Qin Ruoxi , Wang Linyuan , Du Xuehui , Xie Pengfei , Chen Xingyuan , Yan Bin
Published: August 2023

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to be susceptible to critical vulnerabilities when attacked by adversarial samples. This has prompted the development of attack and defense strategies similar to those used in cyberspace security. The dependence of such strategies on attack and defense mechanisms makes the associated algorithms on both sides appear as closely processes, with the defense method being particularly passive in these processes. Inspired by the dynamic defense approach proposed in cyberspace to address endless arm races, this article defines ensemble quantity, network structure, and smoothing parameters as variable ensemble attributes and proposes a stochastic ensemble strategy based on heterogeneous and redundant sub-models. The proposed method introduces the diversity and randomness characteristic of deep neural networks to alter the fixed correspondence gradient between input and output. The unpredictability and diversity of the gradients make it more difficult for attackers to directly implement white-box attacks, helping to address the extreme transferability and vulnerability of ensemble models under white-box attacks. Experimental comparison of ASR-vs.-distortion curves with different attack scenarios under CIFAR10 preliminarily demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method that even the highest-capacity attacker cannot easily outperform the attack success rate associated with the ensemble smoothed model, especially for untargeted attacks.
Cell type and sex specific mitochondrial phenotypes in iPSC derived models of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Flannagan Kaitlin , Stopperan Julia A. , Hauger Brittany M. , Troutwine Benjamin R. , Lysaker Colton R. , Strope Taylor A. , Csikos Drummond Vivien , Gilmore Caleb A. , Swerdlow Natalie A. , Draper Julia M. , Gouvion Cynthia M. , Vivian Jay L. , Haeri Mohammad , Swerdlow Russell H. , Wilkins Heather M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Altered mitochondrial respiration, cytochrome oxidase (COX) Vmax, and mitophagy are observed in human subjects and animal models of AD. Models derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may not recapitulate these phenotypes after reprogramming from differentiated adult cells.

Methods

We examined mitochondrial function across iPSC derived models including cerebral organoids, forebrain neurons, and astrocytes. iPSCs were reprogrammed from fibroblasts either from the University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (KU ADRC) cohort or purchased from WiCell. A total of four non-demented and four sporadic AD iPSC lines were examined. Models were subjected to mitochondrial respiration analysis using Seahorse XF technology, spectrophotometric cytochrome oxidase (COX) Vmax assays, fluorescent assays to determine mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy levels. AD pathological hallmarks were also measured.

Results

iPSC derived neurons and cerebral organoids showed reduced COX Vmax in AD subjects with more profound defects in the female cohort. These results were not observed in astrocytes. iPSC derived neurons and astrocytes from AD subjects had reduced mitochondrial respiration parameters with increased glycolytic flux. iPSC derived neurons and astrocytes from AD subjects showed sex dependent effects on mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial superoxide production, and mitochondrial calcium. iPSC derived neurons from AD subjects had reduced mitochondrial localization in lysosomes with sex dependent effects on mitochondrial mass, while iPSC derived astrocytes from female AD subjects had increased mitochondrial localization to lysosomes. Both iPSC derived neurons and astrocytes from AD subjects showed altered mitochondrial dynamics. iPSC derived neurons had increased secreted Aβ, and sex dependent effects on total APP protein expression. iPSC derived astrocytes showed sex dependent changes in GFAP expression in AD derived cells.

Conclusion

Overall, iPSC derived models from AD subjects show mitochondrial phenotypes and AD pathological hallmarks in a cell type and sex dependent manner. These results highlight the importance of sex as a biological variable in cell culture studies.
Endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome: molecular insights and combating strategies
Authors: Das Diptimayee , Shruthi Nagainallur Ravichandran , Banerjee Antara , Jothimani Ganesan , Duttaroy Asim K. , Pathak Surajit
Published: August 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted condition that increases the possibility of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. MetS includes obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet hyperactivity. There is a concerning rise in the occurrence and frequency of MetS globally. The rising incidence and severity of MetS need a proactive, multipronged strategy for identifying and treating those affected. For many MetS patients, achieving recommended goals for healthy fat intake, blood pressure control, and blood glucose management may require a combination of medicine therapy, lifestyles, nutraceuticals, and others. However, it is essential to note that lifestyle modification should be the first-line therapy for MetS. In addition, MetS requires pharmacological, nutraceutical, or other interventions. This review aimed to bring together the etiology, molecular mechanisms, and dietary strategies to combat hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet dysfunction in individuals with MetS.