bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Striving for social justice and equity in higher education
Authors: Okhremtchouk Irina , Turner Caroline , Newell Patrick
Published: March 2021

Through the introduction of our special issue, Striving for Social Justice and Equity in Higher Education, we aim to add to a continued and much-needed discussion on deeply seated institutional inequities that remain to shape the ways by which education occurs across the higher education landscape. As we present manuscripts included in this issue, our goal is to capture the vast and many layers within higher education encompassing research and discussions on policy and systems that impact administration, leadership, faculty, and student experiences. In our concluding remarks, we stress that even though deeply seated institutional inequities remain, the work of this type must continue as it is part of a broader fight waged for social and racial justice. It is our hope that institutional leaders and policymakers will use the wealth of knowledge shared in this special issue to cultivate nurturing learning environments that include and value the talent and perspectives of those who have been systematically undervalued and marginalized.
Gambaran Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri oleh Perawat di Ruang Perawatan Rumah Sakit
Authors: Nurmalia Devi , Ulliya Sarah , Neny Linawati , Hartanty Agnes Agustina
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Health Care Associated Infection (HAIs) is a major problem faced throughout the world and this incident continues to increase. The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) of nurses is inadequate. Previous studies have not yet described how the suitability of PPE use with the actions taken by nurses. Therefore, in this study will be described how the use of PPE by nurses. The study aimed to identify nurse compliance in using PPE.Methods: This was a descriptive analytic and observation method for data collection. The sample in this study was an action carried out by nurses, in this case the nurse was observed to suit the use of PPE with Standard Operating Procedure (SPO) in the hospital. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling towards 67 actions of PPE using observation sheet according to hospital SPO. Data is processed univariately and presented in the form of frequency distribution.Results: The result showed that, PPE most frequently used in general ward that is gloves, mask, and also apron. The results showed that as many as 54,39% of actions taken by nurses were inappropriate in the use of glove. The use of masks and apron among the nurses is almost entirely correct, only 1 mask error was found.Conclusion: PPI through Infection Prevention Control Nurse (IPCN) should provide socialization and information on the use of PPE in accordance with hospital standard operational procedure. IPCN is expected to be an appropriate role model in the use of PPE, while the head nurse provides motivation and spirit to the nurses to be more compliant in the procedure when using gloves.
Pengaruh Physical Exercise terhadap Tingkat Stress pada Ibu Bekerja di Sekolah Tinggi Kesehatan
Authors: Handayani Prita Adisty , Ratnasari Ratnasari
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The high rate of participation in working mothers must be balanced with health services so that working mothers can avoid occupational health problems, one of which is work stress. Stress in working mothers if not treated can cause symptoms both physiologically, psychologically and behaviorally. Dealing with work stress can be done using physical exercise. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of physical exercise on stress levels of working mothers as employees of high school health.Methods: The research used a quasi-experimental method with one group pre-post-test design. Research’s instrument used a job stress questionnaire with the value of the Alpha Chronbach validity and reliability test of 0.775 (> 0.06). The number of samples was 34 respondents with inclusion criteria of working mothers, moderate and severe stress levels, and single parent exclusion criteria and other stress therapies. Sampling techniques using purposive sampling and univariate analysis include the characteristics of respondents, namely age, length of work, work units, and workload. The bivariate analysis using the Wilxocon test.Results: Through the Wilcoxon test it was found that there was an effect of physical exercise on the stress level of working mothers with a p value = 0.000. Conclusion: Physical exercise can make someone happier, have a positive response, maintained mental health, life satisfaction and good self-efficacy.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Keluarga dan Perilaku Keluarga pada Penanganan Awal Kejadian Stroke
Authors: Rosmary Marina T. N , Handayani Fitria
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Early intervention of stroke would be reduced mortality and risk of disability. Early intervention was supported by the knowledge of risk factors and early symptoms of stroke. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between family knowledge and behavior in the initial treatment of stroke events. Methods: This study used a correlational descriptive design with cross-sectional approach. The researchers employed a non-probability sampling i.e. accidental sampling. The study was conducted at a hospital in Semarang in May 2019. The respondents were 77 families of patients during the stroke. The knowledge tool used the Stroke Recognition Questionnaire (SRQ) consisting of 30 questions and a behavioral questionnaire involving nine questions. Data analysis used Spearman Rank. Results: The result of bivariate analysis indicates there is a correlation between family knowledge and behavior with the value P = 0.000 and r = 0.83. Conclusion: The study concluded there was a correlation between knowledge and behavior. Correlation between the two variables was strong and indicated the positive direction of correlation which the higher of knowledge influenced the better of Family behavior. Nursing interventions needs to be developed to increase knowledge about the risk factors and early symptoms of stroke and management at home at the stroke outbreak.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Beban Caregiver dalam Merawat Keluarga yang Mengalami Stroke
Authors: Ariska Yolla Nandha , Handayani Prita Adisty , Hartati Elis
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Stroke is a disease that most often causes disability in the form of paralysis of the limbs, speech disorders, thought processes and other forms of disability. In this condition, stroke patients need caregiver assistance to meet their daily needs. The caregiver faces physical, psychological, social, economic problems in providing care. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with caregiver burden in caring for family members suffering from stroke. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. The research instrument used the Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire. The study recruited 56 caregivers as the sample with the inclusion criteria of caregivers aged ≥ 26 years old, providing care for stroke patient as a main caregiver in at least 3 monthsduration of care. The samples were selected by applying purposive sampling technique, and the data were analyzed by Chi Square test. Results: The study shows a significant relationshipbetween age (p=0.009), gender (p=0.001), employment status (p=0.002), income (p=0.000), marital status (p=0.025), family relationship (p=0.011), family support (p=0.000) and caregiver burden, however no correlation was identified between education and caregiver burden (p = 0.155). Conclusion: Age, gender, employment status, income, marital status, family relationships and family support are significantly related to the burden of caregivers in caring for stroke family members. Health services are expected to adequately provideinformation for caregivers related to how to care for stroke patients, in order to reduce the caregiver's burden.
Kepuasan Pasien Stagnan di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) di Kupang
Authors: Rochana Nana , Djogotuga Noeh Nuwa
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The quality of nursing services in the Emergency Department was greatly affected by the high number of stagnant patients resulting in their satisfaction. However, limited evidence was shown about the satisfaction level of stagnant patients in the Emergency Department in Indonesia. This study aims to know the satisfaction level of stagnant patients on the services in an Kupang Emergency Department. Methods: The total sample in this study was 109 respondents recruited by an accidental sampling method. Data were taken using a questionnaire of Brief Emergency Department Patient Satisfaction Scale (BEPSS); and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage). Results: The results of this study showed that as many as 89% of stagnant patients were satisfied with Emergency Department's  services. The responsiveness dimension had the highest level of stagnant patient satisfaction (99.1%) compared to the tangible dimension (78.9%). The quality of service provided to stagnant patients in the emergency department should be improved especially on the tangible dimension though the majority of patients were happy with the service. Suggestion: This study suggests to the hospital to manage a comfortable ED surrounding to the patients.
Gambaran Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Mahasiswa Keperawatan Tingkat Akhir
Authors: Maharani Firdausa Aminah , Nurrahima Artika
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) was complained by nursing students last semester that can lead to worse health conditions, decreased learning ability, mood disorders, and motor vehicle accidents. The description of EDS prevalence is the basis of preventive efforts to prevent further effects of EDS which can affect quality of life. Research on the description of EDS based on the characteristics of respondents (age, sex, smoking, duration of sleep, consumption of sleeping pills, consumption of coffee, use of gadgets, and physical activity) has never been done. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of EDS of the final semester nursing students at a university.Methods: This research was descriptive quantitative research with survey method. The sample used was 109 respondents with a total sampling technique. Data collection online used an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire. Data analysis was performed univariate to explain the overview of EDS in the form of frequency and percentage distributions.Results: The results showed that 40.4% of respondents experienced EDS with an ESS score ≥ 10. The incidence of EDS was more experienced by respondents aged 22 years (25.7%), women who were not menstruating (32.7%), did not smoke (38.5%), sleep duration 6-9 hours/day (32.1%), did not consume sleeping pills (40.4%), did not consume coffee (31.2%), used gadgets (38.5%), and physical activity < 3 times a week (23.7%).Conclusion: Students should pay attention to the need for sleep and avoid the factors that cause EDS to improve quality of life, optimize health and avoid the risk of accidents.
Faktor- Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Depresi Anak Usia Sekolah: Kajian Literatur
Authors: Saputri Iga Ayu , Nurrahima Artika
Published: March 2021

Introduction: School-age children are a vulnerable group who have a high risk of experiencing psychosocial problems, one of which is depression. School-age children who experience depression have adverse effects, such as increasing the risk of committing suicide, being dragged into bad habits, and falling into alcohol abuse, or other drugs as a way to calm down to feel better. Depression is caused by several factors, by knowing these factors can be done to prevent depression in school-age children, so that the incidence of depression in school-age children can be minimized. This study aims to determine the factors that influence depression in school-age children.Methods: The method used in this research is the study of literature. Researchers reviewed 10 articles sourced from Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Springer Link with keywords risk factor, depression, and school-age children.Results: The results of the literature study indicate that the factors that influence depression in school-age children, namely the pressure experienced every day, the school environment, family environment, family finances, maternal depression, premature, and emotional intelligence.Conclusion: Further quantitative research on the factors that influence depression can provide a real picture of the causes of depression in school-aged children in Indonesia.
Relational and caring partnerships: (re)creating equity, genuineness, and growth in mentoring faculty relationships
Authors: Cash Penelope Anne , Moffitt Pertice
Published: March 2021

Mentoring in academia has traditionally and currently been prescriptive and institutionally driven. The purpose of this paper is to deconstruct these current mentoring practices with a critical feminist stance. New understandings are shared and gained through dialogue, relevant literature, and performativity to (re)create and name a caring and relational partnership. This caring and relational partnership is grown through a process of mutuality and reciprocity, and based on relational ethics, authenticity, and solidarity. By embracing ideologies of caring and relational ethics, mentoring blurs the lines of mentor/mentee to a perpetual state of walking beside each other in equity to learn and strengthen each other’s insights into our worlds. Material realities become illuminated through our shared journeys growing an appreciation and gift of the other. In turn, engaging in meaningful dialogue informs scholarship increasing our understandings of the human condition.
Eunuchs at the Service of Yemen’s Rasūlid Dynasty (626‒858/1229‒1454)
Authors: Moorthy Kloss Magdalena
Published: March 2021

The significant roles played by eunuchs (castrated slaves) in Rasūlid Yemen have thus far escaped scholarly scrutiny. A systematic study of the historiographic and biographical writings of ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan al-Khazrajī, chronicler of the Rasūlid court at the turn of the 9th/15th century, reveals that eunuchs figured prominently both in the highest ranks of the dynasty’s political, administrative, and military hierarchy, as well as in the most intimate realms of royal households. The author, however, remains silent on the origins of these men and on the capture, castration, and deracination they suffered as young boys. In order to reconstruct the slave trading practices that supplied the Rasūlids with eunuchs, a late 7th/13th-century collection of administrative documents known as Nūr al-maʿārif shall be drawn upon. This source names an African export hub from which slaves were shipped across the Red Sea to Yemen, lists prices and taxes paid for eunuchs, and reveals that the Rasūlids actively interfered in the Yemeni slave trade in order to secure the most desirable eunuchs for themselves. Taken together, these narrative and administrative sources shed light on the eunuch institution in Rasūlid Yemen and on its role in sustaining the dynasty.
Beneficial consequences of probiotic on mitochondrial hippocampus in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Beltagy Doha M. , Nawar Nagat F. , Mohamed Tarek M. , Tousson Ehab , El-Keey Mai M.
Published: March 2021

Background

Alzheimer’s (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, causing dementia and brain cells death.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the ameliorating effect of Acidophilus probiotic against AD induced in rats by d-galactose and AlCl3 injection via evaluating mitochondrial parameter changes in hippocampus.

Methods

This study was carried out on rats were classified into five groups; G1 (control group), G2 (probiotic group), G3 (AD group), G4 (co-treated group) and G5 (post-treated group). By the end of the experiment, some different neurotransmitters, oxidative stress biomarkers, zinc, blood glucose, Na+K−ATPase subunit alpha 1 (ATP1A1), and gene expression of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured.

Results

Significant changes in neurotransmitters, antioxidants levels and decreased ATP1A1 activity and gene expression of MMP in the hippocampus in G3 were detected if compared to control. Best improvement in G5 than G4 group was observed. These results were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical studies in hippocampus.

Conclusions

Acidophilus probiotic was able to alleviate learning and memory associated injuries in AD by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction induced by d-galactose and AlCl3. This may be associated with its antioxidant properties.
The Sceptical Response to the Existential Problem of Systemic Suffering
Authors: Jonbäck Francis
Published: March 2021

Recently, Yujin Nagasawa has argued that “systemic suffering” – suffering inherent in the evolutionary process – poses a problem for existentially optimistic theists and atheists who think that the world is overall good and therefore are happy and thankful to be alive in it. In short, he shows that it is difficult to consistently believe that the world is overall good when also recognising the existence of systemic suffering. In this article, I evaluate a sceptical response to the problem. The idea behind the response is a sort of scepticism according to which we do not know whether our knowledge about the realm of values is representative. I argue that the response fails, but that theism in conjunction with such scepticism succeeds. Atheism in conjunction with such scepticism, on the other hand, does not. I also argue that atheists can at least consistently hope that the world is overall good, despite systemic suffering. Finally, I answer objections and conclude.
„Schulreligion“. Anmerkungen zu einem Forschungsdesiderat empirischer Religionspädagogik
Authors: Kubik Andreas , Schatte Julika
Published: March 2021

Je weniger Kinder und Jugendliche in Familie und Kirche mit Religion in Kontakt kommen, desto wichtiger wird die Begegnung mit Religion in der Schule. Doch wie kommt Religion in der Schule vor? In der Forschung ist gelegentlich das Konzept der „Schulreligion“ zur Erklärung herangezogen worden. Allerdings ist bislang weder klar, was damit eigentlich genau gemeint sein soll, noch gibt es nähere empirische Forschungen zur „Schulreligion“. Der Artikel schlägt einen empirisch orientierten Begriff vor und entwickelt ein Forschungsprogramm, das auf einem bereits durchgeführten Pre-Test beruht. Hierzu werden zunächst begriffsgeschichtliche Befunde präsentiert sowie die wenigen bisherigen empirischen Ergebnisse diskutiert, bevor in einer systematischen Erwägung ein empirischer Begriff von „Schulreligion“ entwickelt wird. Es zeigt sich, dass die bisherige Verwendung von starken normativen Anteilen durchzogen ist, was zu empirischen Vorurteilen führt. Religionspädagogische Schlussfolgerungen über die theologische Bedeutung von „Schulreligion“ sollten erst gezogen werden, wenn das Phänomen empirisch einigermaßen klar vor Augen steht.
Running Training Combined With Blood Flow Restriction Increases Cardiopulmonary Function and Muscle Strength in Endurance Athletes
Authors: Chen Yun-Tsung , Hsieh Yao-Yi , Ho Jen-Yu , Lin Tung-Yi , Lin Jung-Charng
Published: March 2021

Chen, Y-T, Hsieh, Y-Y, Ho, J-Y, Lin, T-Y, and Lin, J-C. Running training combined with blood flow restriction increases cardiopulmonary function and muscle strength in endurance athletes . J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1228–1237, 2022—We investigated the effects of 8 weeks (3 d/wk) of running training (RT) combined with blood flow restriction (RT-BFR) on cardiopulmonary function and muscle strength in endurance athletes. Twenty endurance-trained male athletes (19–25 years; 177.6 ± 2.4 cm; 69.0 ± 2.2 kg) were pair matched and randomly assigned to RT-BFR and RT groups. The RT-BFR group performed running sessions (50% heart rate reserve; 3-minute × 5 sets; 1-minute rest interval) with pressure cuffs (1.3 × resting systolic blood pressure), whereas the RT group performed the same running sessions without pressure cuffs. V̇o
2max, muscle mass, isokinetic muscle strength, and hormones were assessed at pre-, mid- and posttraining. Compared with the RT group, the RT-BFR group exhibited a significantly greater increase in V̇o
2max (5.1 vs. −1.1%) and isokinetic knee extensor strength (16.5 vs. −5.9%). In addition, RT-BFR group presented higher leg muscle mass (10.3 vs. 9.7 kg) than that of RT group after 8 weeks of training. Furthermore, testosterone to cortisol (T:C) ratio at 24 hours after training session at pre-, mid-, and posttraining were maintained in the RT-BFR group, whereas significant decreases of T:C ratio at 24 hours after training session were observed in the RT group. These results suggested that RT combined with BFR may be a practical training strategy for promoting cardiopulmonary function and muscle strength in endurance runners.
Implementation and Efficacy of Plyometric Training: Bridging the Gap Between Practice and Research
Authors: Watkins Casey M. , Storey Adam G. , McGuigan Michael R. , Gill Nicholas D.
Published: March 2021

Watkins, CM, Storey, A, McGuigan, M, and Gill, ND. Implementation and efficacy of plyometric training: Bridging the gap between practice and research. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1244–1255, 2021—Plyometric training is an effective method for improving speed and acceleration. However, a gap seems to exist between research recommendations and practitioner's actual programs. Some reports suggest as many as 400 jumps per session, while anecdotally some strength and conditioning coaches are using as few as 15–40 jumps even with elite athletes. Thus, the purposes of this study were to obtain a clearer understanding of the practitioner's perspective on plyometric training strategies as compared to literary recommendations and to compare any trends across competition level or sport categories. An integrative mixed-methods model was used. Globally, 61 strength and conditioning practitioners completed an anonymous online survey, containing 5 sections: 1. Sport and coaching background information, 2. Plyometric training focus, 3. Periodization strategy, 4. Plyometric program details, and 5. Efficacy of plyometrics for sport performance. Questions included yes/no, multiple choice, Likert scale, percentage-based, and open-ended questions. The majority (70.5%) of respondents reported regularly implementing plyometric training and overwhelmingly (96.7%) reported positive athlete feedback surrounding its perceived efficacy. Findings confirmed that many practitioners regularly use significantly lower session volumes than previous literary recommendations (p < 0.05). In addition, significant differences were noted in many program details across competition level and sport category including volume periodization, exercise choice, and plyometric intensity. Practitioners may want to reflect on these reported group differences when building training programs best suited for their athletes. Meanwhile, future research should consider these reported perspectives when formulating interventions in attempts of bridging the gap between practice and theory.
Stronger Subjects Select a Movement Pattern That May Reduce Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading During Cutting
Authors: Davies William T. , Ryu Joong Hyun , Graham-Smith Philip , Goodwin Jon E. , Cleather Daniel J.
Published: March 2021

Davies, WT, Ryu, JH, Graham-Smith, P, Goodwin, JE, and Cleather, DJ. Stronger subjects select a movement pattern that may reduce anterior cruciate ligament loading during cutting. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1853–1859, 2022—Increased strength has been suggested to reduce the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury as part of wider neuromuscular training programs; however, the mechanism of this is not clear. Cutting is a high-risk maneuver for ACL injury, but limited research exists as to how strength affects sagittal plane biomechanics during this movement. Sixteen subjects were split into a stronger and weaker group based on their relative peak isometric strength in a unilateral squat (stronger: 29.0 ± 3.4 N·kg−1 and weaker: 18.3 ± 4.1 N·kg−1). Subjects performed 45° cuts with maximal intent 3 times, at 3 different approach velocities (2, 4, and 6 m·s−1). Kinematics and ground reaction forces were collected using optical motion capture and a force platform. The stronger group had lower knee extensor moments, larger hip extensor moments, and a greater peak knee flexion angle than the weaker group (p < 0.05). There was a trend for greater knee flexion at initial contact in the stronger group. There were no differences in resultant ground reaction forces between groups. The stronger group relied more on the hip than the knee during cutting and reached greater knee flexion angles. This could decrease ACL loading by reducing the extensor moment required at the knee during weight acceptance. Similarly, the greater knee flexion angle during weight acceptance is likely to be protective of the ACL.
Effects of a Flexible Workout System on Performance Gains in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Walts Cory T. , Murphy Sabrina M. , Stearne David J. , Rieger Randall H. , Clark Kenneth P.
Published: March 2021

Walts, CT, Murphy, SM, Stearne, DJ, Rieger, RH, and Clark, KP. Effects of a flexible workout system on performance gains in collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1187–1193, 2021—Although research on the topic of periodization is abundant, investigations into different flexible periodization strategies in collegiate athletes are limited. Furthermore, how state of readiness (SOR) and workout autonomy affect training improvements is largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if a flexible periodization (FP) program would elicit significantly greater performance gains compared with a nonflexible periodization (NP) program (significance set p ≤ 0.05). A total of 32 male and female intercollegiate lacrosse players completed performance measures of vertical jump, sprinting speed, change of direction, and strength in bench press and deadlift. After pretesting, subjects were matched and randomly assigned to either FP (n = 17, age = 19.4 ± 1.4 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.10 m, mass = 72.29 ± 13.73 kg) or NP (n = 15, age = 19.9 ± 1.5 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.08 m, mass = 71.68 ± 13.55 kg) training groups. Both groups trained 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The NP group completed all workout volume and intensity as prescribed by a certified strength and conditioning coach. However, the FP group modified workout volume and intensity based on a daily SOR questionnaire. Although appreciable pretest to posttest improvements were observed for the entire subject cohort, multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a series of ANOVA tests demonstrated no statistically significant between-group differences for pretest to posttest changes on any of the performance tests (range of p values: 0.17–0.95). Although FP does not seem to be more effective than NP for eliciting performance gains, it may provide greater opportunities for autonomy while eliciting equivalent improvement levels. Therefore, flexible periodization based on SOR may be a viable training strategy.
Preferences of patients and clinicians for treatment of Graves’ disease: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: van Kinschot Caroline M J , Soekhai Vikas R , de Bekker-Grob Esther W , Visser W Edward , Peeters Robin P , van Ginhoven Tessa M , van Noord Charlotte
Published: March 2021

Objective

Treatment options for Graves’ disease (GD) consist of antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI) and total thyroidectomy (TT). Guidelines recommend to discuss these options with patients, taking into account patients’ preferences. This study aims to evaluate and compare patients’ and clinicians’ preferences and the trade-offs made in choosing treatment.

Design and methods

A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was performed with GD patients with a first diagnosis or recurrence in the previous year, and with clinicians. Participants were offered hypothetical treatment options which differed in type of treatment, rates of remission, severe side effects, permanent voice changes and hypocalcemia. Preference heterogeneity was assessed by latent-class analysis.

Results

In this study, 286 (82%) patients and 61 (18%) clinicians participated in the DCE. All treatment characteristics had a significant effect on treatment choice (P < 0.05). Remission rate was the most important determinant and explained 37 and 35% of choices in patients and clinicians, respectively. Both patients and clinicians preferred ATD over surgery and RAI. A strong negative preference toward RAI treatment was observed in a subclass of patients, whereas clinicians preferred RAI over surgery.

Conclusion

For both patients and clinicians, remission rate was the most important determinant of treatment choice and ATD was the most preferred treatment option. Patients had a negative preference toward RAI compared to alternatives, whereas clinicians preferred RAI over surgery. Clinicians should be aware that their personal attitude toward RAI differs from that of their patients. This study on patients’ and clinicians’ preferences can support shared decision making and thereby improve clinical treatment.
Citizen-oriented Local Governance: the Correlation between Subjective Well-being and Citizen Participation in the Salaspils Municipality (Latvia) Case
Authors: Jēkabsone Inga , Sloka Biruta
Published: March 2021

The aim of the paper is to present a possible citizen- oriented governance model and discuss the outcomes of empirical research, which are targeted to municipalities and are based on the approbation of a subjective well-being methodology.

The main findings of the study show that citizen participation in decision-making processes is crucial in order to improve the well-being in the municipality. The empirical research of the Salaspils municipality and comparisons with several other municipalities in Latvia and other countries demonstrated that the citizen-oriented local governance model provides wide opportunities for improved dialogue between the municipality and society, which in turn promotes the development of a co-responsibility approach in resolving different issues within the municipality.
Social Responsibility Initiative Implementation in the Public Sector in Latvia
Authors: Voronchuk Inesa , Stariņeca Olga
Published: March 2021

The public sector provides many different jobs in Latvia; however, the number of people employed in the public sector is small. Sometimes private sector organisations with a socially responsible culture are more attractive for specialists. The authors propose to evaluate Social Responsibility’s (SR) importance, benefits, and ways of possible implementation for several types of public sector organisations.

The objective of this paper is to enquire what kind of activities organisations need to carry out to be included in the Sustainability Index rating and overview the possible reasons of difficulties encountered by public organisations.

The authors describe the structure of the public sector and the Sustainability Index (SI) mechanism in Latvia and evaluate public organisations included in the SI rating by their activities directed to sustainable development; i.e., socially responsible (SR) activities.
The U-Pb Zircon Geochronology (LA-ICP-MS) of Geological Processes in Granulites of Middle Bouh Area. Article 3. Rock association in the lower reaches of the Yatran river
Authors: STEPANYUK L.M. , SHUMLYANSKYY L.V. , KURYLO S.I. , SYOMKA V.O. , BONDARENKO S.M. , WILDE S.A. , NEMCHIN A.A.
Published: March 2021

LA-ICP-MS method was applied to investigate U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope systematics of zircon crystals from charnockitic gneiss and biotite-garnet-hypersthene enderbite that occur in the lower reaches of the Yatran river (Yatran block of the Bouh river area). According to the obtained isotope data, charnockitic gneiss hosts three zircon populations. The oldest one is represented by three crystals that have isotope age between 3125 and 3300 Ma, and εHf values between –2.3 and –7.5. The next population is well-defined, it has an age of 2038±25 Ma and large variations of Hf isotope composition: 176Hf/177Hf — from 0.28122 to 0.28261, εHf — from –9.3 до 4.6. However, the ages of most of the analyzed zircons spread along the concordia between 2300 and 2800 Ma. All zircons in this population have a similar Hf isotope composition 176Hf/177Hf = 0.28072 to 0.28092, which does not depend on the age. It is characteristic that the oldest (with preserved U-Pb isotope systematics) crystals have positive or slightly negative εHf values. Most of the U-Pb isotope analyses of zircons from enderbite fall on the discordia line that has an upper interception age of 2029 ± 18 Ma. A small number of discordant grains have 207Pb/206Pb ages up to 2500 Ma. Hafnium isotope composition in zircons from enderbite varies widely: 176Hf/177Hf = 0.28131 to 0.28151, and εHf from –6.2 to 1.8.
About Diamonds of the Ingul-Ingulets Domain (the Ukrainian Shield)
Authors: KVASNYTSYA V.M.
Published: March 2021

Three finds of diamonds on the Ingul-Ingulets domain of the Ukrainian Shield are considered: in breccia-like rocks of the Gruzke area, in eclogite-like rocks in the basin of the Ingul River and the Zeleny Gayi meteorite crater. A brief description of these diamonds is made, which represent their different geological and genetic types. Тhe veracity of these diamond findings and the origin of their crystals are appreciated. It is shown that 8 diamonds of the Gruzke area differ in size (0.2-1.4 mm), shape, colour, set of nitrogen centres and degree of preservation. According to infrared spectroscopy, all the studied crystals can be attributed to natural diamonds of the mantle type and distinguish them into separate groups, as they belong to several spectral types: IIa, IaAB, Iab and Ib. However, there are several doubts about the veracity of this finding: 1. Finding in small samples of the core wells of such a high concentration of diamonds. 2. A large variety of crystals in these samples by spectral types of physical classification. 3. Signs of mechanical wear on all crystals, which does not exclude the version of their origin from a diamond drill bit (a mixture of crystals of the natural and possibly synthetic diamond). The question of whether the found diamonds belong to the breccia-like rocks of the Gruzke area remains open. Small diamonds (up to 0.3 mm), which are found in eclogite-like rocks in the basin of the Ingul River on several grounds (mainly cubo-octahedral habit, manifestations of skeletal forms of growth, flat surface of the cube faces, yellow-green colour, inclusions) are very similar to crystals of synthetic HPHT diamond. However, the same small diamonds are found in the rocks of the Euro-Asian Alpine and the Ural and Central-Asian Caledonian ophiolite belts and the eruptions of modern volcanoes in Kamchatka. Such diamonds are also found in lamproite-like rocks of the Mriya pipe in the Azov Sea region, and they are found in weathering crusts and terrigenous deposits of Ukraine. It is necessary to find out the true nature of these findings. Therefore, it is necessary to audit all finds of such diamonds in Ukraine. It is shown that diamonds from the Zeleny Gayi meteorite crater are typical impact apographitic crystals - diamond paramorphoses on graphite. The conclusions of some researchers about the mantle nature of these diamonds from this crater are denied.
Artificial intelligence adaptive learning tools
Authors: Orsi Koch Delgado Heloísa , De Azevedo Fay Aline , Sebastiany Maria José , Cortina Silva Asafe Davi
Published: March 2021

This paper explores the field of Artificial Intelligence applied to Education, focusing on the English Language Teaching. It outlines concepts and uses of Artificial Intelligence, and appraises the functionalities of adaptive tools, bringing evaluative feedback on their use by American school teachers, and highlighting the importance of additional research on the matter. It was observed that the tools are valid media options to complement teaching, especially concerning adaptive learning. They offer students more inclusive opportunities: they maximize learning by tailoring instruction to address students ‘needs, and helping students become more responsible for their own schooling. As for teachers, their testimonials highlight the benefits of dedicating more class time to the students’ most pressing weaker areas. Drawbacks might include the need to provide teachers with autonomy to override recommendations so as to help them find other ways to teach a skill that seems to be more effective for a specific student.
Lessons Learned Piloting an EMI Support Course at a Southern Brazilian University
Authors: Pusey Kerry
Published: March 2021

While the literature on English as a medium of instruction (EMI) has seen steady growth over the last two decades, the topic of pre- and in-service teacher education for EMI has received relatively little attention—a situation that is even more marked within the context of Brazilian higher education. Responding to this gap with a practice-oriented contribution, this paper distills some of the major insights gained from piloting an EMI support course at a private university in the south of Brazil. The paper is organized around five themes, or ‘lessons learned,’ which represent the most salient takeaways from the piloting experience. These lessons intersect with some of the most pressing issues faced by researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved with EMI in higher education contexts. By aligning theoretical and practical concerns, the paper seeks to establish an agenda for further investigation into EMI teacher education—especially within the Brazilian context.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE HUMAN BODY-MASS CENTER
Authors: Atanasov A.
Published: March 2021

It is described method for determining the center of the equal torques and the center of mass of the human body. The proposed method can be applied in the field of biomechanics of the human body, physiotherapy, dietetics, anatomy and in various fields of biomedical sciences.
CELLS NAMED AFTER PERSONS
Authors: Ivanova A. , Dimitrov N. , Pirovski N.
Published: March 2021

The Relationship between the cells and their names is part of the history of medicine. Purpose: Systematization of objects in histology and cytology named with the names of their discoverers or other persons, and introduction of the society with short historical reference. Tasks: 1. Making a table with the cells named after their researchers. 2. A Brief reference to the explorers. 3. Analysis of the reasons for the use of their name, including occupation and nationality. 3. Presentation of the results in the medical faculty and the Medical college. Material and methods: Book review of the available educational literature, as well as of contemporary publications online. Results: In the table we listed 54 cells with names of persons. Ten of them are associated with pathological conditions. They are named after personalities of different professions and nationalities, but mainly of anatomy and physiology researchers and physicians. The prevailing researchers are from Western Europe and Russia. Cells with different morphology are named after the same person. Conclusions: The names of some persons deserve to be written in the history of medicine. This does not override the need for a uniform anatomical nomenclature and a coherent classification of cells.
The impact of budget deficit, public debt and education expenditures on economic growth in Poland
Authors: Konopczyński Michał
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the relationship between economic growth in Poland and a few metrics of fiscal policy: budget deficit relative to GDP, the structure of public debt, education expenditures, and public consumption. We prove that with constant values of parameters of fiscal policy, over time the economy converges to the balanced growth path which is unique and globally asymptotically stable.

Having calibrated the model with statistical data, we demonstrate that in the period of 2000–2016 economic growth in Poland was driven primarily by rapid improvement in the level of human capital (at a rate of 5.4% per annum), and secondarily due to the accumulation of capital (2.7% annually). If recent trends in fiscal policy are continued, the Polish economy will converge to the balanced growth path with GDP growing at 3.7%. This rate may be boosted, if fiscal policy is appropriately adjusted, for example by permanent reduction in budget deficit. We also analyse the effects of changes in the financing structure of public debt. Finally, we present several scenarios of increasing public and private spending on education.
Income inequality and the cost of recessions
Authors: Shahee Mostafa , Jenkins Glenn P.
Published: March 2021

This study empirically examines the relationship between the severity of recessions experienced by countries and their income distributions. The analysis is carried out for 28 higher middle- and high-income countries between 1970 and 2013. The empirical evidence derived from the changes in the Gini-index suggests that a greater degree of income inequality increases the cumulative loss of GDP inflicted by recessions. The increased cost emerges from both a longer duration and a deeper amplitude for the contractionary phase of the business cycle.
Asymmetric and nonlinear dynamics in trade flows sustainability: Serbia and Romania
Authors: Bošnjak Mile
Published: March 2021

The research examines the sustainability of trade flows for two European post-communist economies: Serbia and Romania. We analysed two nonlinear forms of the relationship between exports and imports that cannot be explained by frequently applied linear model specifications. Newly developed nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approach revealed the asymmetric and nonlinear long-run equilibrium between Serbian exports and imports. Nonlinearity tests indicated and the SETAR model specification confirmed threshold nonlinearity form in the Serbian trade flows pattern. Serbian trade flows still approach its sustainable equilibrium but the development pattern is promising. The results for Romania revealed another nonlinear form of the relationship between exports and imports, indicating a dependent cointegration. The paper provides robust results and supports the hypothesis that the relationship between exports and imports can be nonlinear and symmetric.
Influence of organ-preserving operations on organs of small basin on condition of ovariale reserve
Authors:   Medical Institute of Sumy State University, Ukraine, Bojko A.V. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

The objective: to establish influence of organ-preserving operations on organs of small basin on a condition of ovariale reserve. Materials and methods. Is carried out clinical-ehografical analysis that laboratory inspection of 100 patients of the genesial age interested in conservation of fecundity, after organ-preserving operative measures on organs of small basin. Results. The women of the genesial age who have transferred organ-preserving surgical interventions on organs of small basin concerning benign diseases of ovaries, uterus and the isolated tubal peritoneal factor of sterility within 6 months after operation have disturbance of functional activity of ovaries and attrition of ovariale reserve. The most expressed changes are observed at initial pathology of ovaries. Within 6 months after organ-preserving operative measures on organs of small basin at patients of genesial age, irrespective of nosology, the hyper gonadotrophic hypogonadism with hypoestrogenia and a hypoandrogenia, and also depression of ovariale reserve (by 4 times), not caused by autoimmune aggression is formed. The taped changes of parameters of the hormonal status correspond to clinical picture of premature attrition of function of ovaries. Conclusion. The received results needs to be considered when developing tactics of expeditious treatment of women of genesial age. Key words: organ-preserving operations, organs small to basin, ovariale reserve.
Therapeutic vectors of treatment of ovarian endometriomas
Authors:   SI Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Shapoval O.S.
Published: March 2021

The objective: to study clinical and anamnesis features in patients with ovarian endometriomas and to improve existing algorithms of treatment women with ovarian endpmetriomas. Materials and methods. The study included 32 patients aged 18 – 49 years with ovarian endometriomas and 50 healthy women. A general clinical, sonographic, immunological examination was conducted. Results. The analysis of the study data revealed the I degree of insufficiency of the adaptive link and the I–II degree of insufficiency of the nonspecific link of the immune system. In 74.51% of cases surgical treatment of the pathological process was carried out. As a conservative therapy and in the postoperative period the patients received complex therapy with immunomodulators, drugs of indole-3-carbinol, combined oral contraceptives with gestagen. Conclusion. The application of our proposed complex therapy of ovarian endometriomas in women of reproductive age showed a high recovery rate and a low relapse rate. Key words: ovarian endometrioma, reproductive age, immune dysfunction, treatment.
Clinical significance of chronic endometritis in poor responder`s patients underg art programs
Authors:   Medical Center Rodynne dzherelo, Kyiv, Ukraine, Strelko G.V. , Ulanova V.V. ,   Medical Center Rodynne dzherelo, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

The objective: determination of the frequency of detection, risk factors, diagnostic criteria for chronic endometritis in poor responders patients in ART cycles with the study of the effectiveness of the proposed regimens for the treatment of this pathological condition. Materials and methods. A clinical study of the diagnosis of chronic endometritis in in poor responders patients have been conducted to develop individual approaches to overcoming infertility in a given cohort of women, taking into account not only the ovarian reserve, but also the endometrial status, assessed by clinical, instrumental and laboratory research methods, for achievement of successful implantation and ongoing pregnancy. The control group of women included 93 patients with infertility, a normal ovarian response to stimulation and lack of criteria for bad defendants. Results. As a result of a study conducted in poor responders patients, there is a significant percentage of the presence of chronic endometritis, which greatly complicates the overcoming of infertility. Risk factors for the occurrence of this pathological condition are genital tract infections, surgical intervention, intrauterine manipulations. Diagnostic criteria for chronic endometritis in women with infertility are micropolips, stomach edema, local and diffuse congestion of the endometrium during hysteroscopic examination and high expression of the imunohistochemical marker CD-138. Conclusion. The treatment protocol of the first line of chronic endometritis – docxicillin 100 mg 2 times a day 14 days, neomycin sulfate 35 000 MU, polymyxin B sulfate 35 000 MU, nystatin 100 000 MU for 1 suppositirium 1 time per day for 10 days and diclofenac 100 mg rectally for 5 days – is effective in 67.5% of cases . In patients who are resistant to previous antibiotic therapy, the second line treatment regimen is – сefotaxime 2.0 i /v 1 time per day, gentamycin 80 mg 3 times a day in / m, metronidazol 100 ml per day i / v, and diclofenac 100 mg rectally once daily for 7 days – the effectiveness of the treatment of chronic endometritis reached 79.1% of the cases. Key words: chronic endometritis, infertility, poor responders, ART.