bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palmitoylated CKAP4 regulates mitochondrial functions through an interaction with VDAC2 at ER–mitochondria contact sites
Authors: Harada Takeshi , Sada Ryota , Osugi Yoshito , Matsumoto Shinji , Matsuda Tomoki , Hayashi-Nishino Mitsuko , Nagai Takeharu , Harada Akihiro , Kikuchi Akira
Published: October 2020

Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) is a palmitoylated type II transmembrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we found that knockout (KO) of CKAP4 in HeLaS3 cells induces the alteration of mitochondrial structures and increases the number of ER–mitochondria contact sites. To understand the involvement of CKAP4 in mitochondrial functions, the binding proteins of CKAP4 were explored, enabling identification of the mitochondrial porin voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC2), which is localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Palmitoylation at Cys100 of CKAP4 was required for the binding between CKAP4 and VDAC2. In CKAP4 KO cells, the binding of inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and VDAC2 was enhanced, the intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentration increased and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. In addition, CKAP4 KO decreased the oxidative consumption rate, in vitro cancer cell proliferation under low-glucose conditions and in vivo xenograft tumor formation. The phenotypes were not rescued by expression of a palmitoylation-deficient CKAP4 mutant. These results suggest that CKAP4 plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial functions through the binding to VDAC2 at ER–mitochondria contact sites and that palmitoylation is required for this novel function of CKAP4.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Case Report: Thalamomesencephalic stroke due to vasculitis in a patient with HIV
Authors: George Jerry , Joseph Sibi , Tau Mongezi , Ibanez Valdes Lourdes de Fatima , Dubula Thozama , Foyaca-Sibat Humberto
Published: October 2020

We present a 41-year-old HIV-positive female patient complaining of complete right palpebral ptosis, diplopia, and inability to balance herself. On examination, the right eye was able to move laterally and downwards. The motor exam showed left hemiparesis (4/5) on upper and lower limbs, bilateral Babinski sign with left hemiataxia without the sensory disorder.

A computed tomography (CT) angiogram confirmed a diffuse vasculitis with parenchymal changes in the right thalamus and midbrain. CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging angiography demonstrated an ischemic infarct on the right paramedian branch of the posterior cerebral artery territory. 

This patient did not present clinical manifestations of the thalamic lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a young patient presenting a unilateral thalamomesencephalic ischemic stroke secondary to HIV vasculitis with bilateral Babinski signs and without thalamic signs in the medical literature.
Natriuretic peptides and their usefulness in clinical practise
Authors: Skałecka Aleksandra , Krupa Karol , Słabczyńska Aleksandra , Romaniuk Małgorzata , Suswał Konrad , Milanowski Janusz
Published: October 2020

Natriuretic peptides are peptic hormones produced by atrial and ventricular myocytes, and by endothelium of blood vessels, that take part in homeostatic control of water and sodium levels, but also potassium transport, lipolysis in adipocytes and blood pressure regulation.   Three different natriuretic peptides are distinguished: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Those peptides are responsible mostly for water-sodium homeostasis and regulation of blood pressure. Levels of natriuretic peptides increase significantly in diseases and disorders such as congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, that is why natriuretic peptides were found useful in diagnosis and monitoring of said diseases. In clinical practise, BNP and NT-proBNP levels are mostly used.
Irritable bowel syndrome - risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment options
Authors: Wójcik Magdalena , Dąbrowska Justyna , Szarpak Julita , Bator Damian , Nieścior Hubert , Milanowska Joanna
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic common gastrointestinal disorder. It contributes to the burden of patients and society due to direct medical costs, lost productivity and also affects the quality of life. The etiology of irritable bowel syndrome is not fully understood which makes it difficult to treat patients more effectively.The aim of the study: The purpose of this systemic review was to collect and analyse current data of risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment options of irritable bowel syndrome.Material and method: Standard criteria were used to review the literature data. The search of articles in the PubMed and Google Scholar database was carried out using the following keywords: irritable bowel syndrome, gut microbiota, treatmentDescription of the state of knowledge: Altered gastrointestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, post infectious reactivity, brain-gut interactions, alteration in fecal microflora, bacterial overgrowth, food sensitivity, carbohydrate malabsorption, and intestinal inflammation are considered to contribute to the onset of IBS. The biopsychosocial model of illness and disease aims to help understand better the bi-directional relationship between mind and body. Patients suffering from IBS use pharmaceutical treatment but also complementary and alternative medicine. Probiotic and fecal microbiota transplantation are gut microbiota oriented treatment options.Summary:  The pathophysiology of IBS is not clear . Alterations in bidirectional brain-gut microbiota interactions are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of well-known brain-gut disorders such as IBS. Human microbiome research continues to expand, although it still requires more study.
The influence of stress on the occurrence of bruxism
Authors: Nowińska Martyna , Kozyra Magdalena , Zimnicki Patryk , Kaczerska Justyna , Śmiech Natalia , Milanowska Joanna
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Bruxism is defined as a stereotypical hyperactivity of the masseter characterized by clenching and grinding of the teeth. Etiopathology of bruxism still remains unclear, is one of the least known dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system. However, a lot of research have shown the correlation between stress and bruxism.The aim of the study: Paying attention to the correlation between the occurrence of stress and the presence of bruxism in the population.Material and method: The research was done by the usage of the PubMed and Google Scholar articles about the topic of: bruxism; stress; epidemiology; characteristic; psychotherapy;Description of the state of knowledge: Psychosocial factors such as state anxiety and trait anxiety, alexithymia, and perceived stress are as important as somatic causes in the occurrence and maintenance of bruxism. Impact of stress is especially noticeable during research conducted on students. Management of bruxism should embrace dental, pharmacological and psychobehavioural procedures. It requires a wider analysis in the aspect of concomitant disorders. The involvement of different specialists is required.Summary: We can undoubtedly say that stress is an inherent condition that accompanies us in everyday life. However, it is important to pay attention to its coexistence with bruxism and its harmful effect not only on organs such as the heart or stomach, but also the stomatognathic system - which is confirmed by many studies. However, the multidimensionality and complexity of the etiology of bruxism require further considerations and research.
Different aspects of opioid use in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Sokół Dorota , Undziakiewicz Adrian , Dudek Iga , Czarnota Jakub , Drozd Małgorzata , Dobrzyński Michał , Skubel Tomasz , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: October 2020

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic severe non-cancer pain and the use of prescription opioids are now an increasing and common problem. Both RA and its comorbid pain have different mechanisms and their control can prove challenging, especially when patients are unresponsive to non-opioid analgesics or have side effects.The aim of the study is to analyze the available results of research and meta-analyzes on the use of opioids among patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Materials and methods: the literature available on the PubMed platform and published between 2010 and 2020 was analyzed.Results and conclusions: The use of opioids can cause a number of side effects, including misuse, abuse or addiction to these drugs. These phenomena are becoming more common in European and North American populations, as well as more and more people are using opioids in long-term therapy, despite the lack of evidence of a positive effect of such treatment in people with RA. In RA patients, frequent combinations of opioids with other drugs, for example benzodiazepines or anti-anxiety agents, are also observed, as well as side effects specific for this group of patients, such as osteoporotic fractures.
Epidemiology of genitourinary trauma in lubelskie voivodeship in Poland from 2006 to 2018
Authors: Kamiński Piotr , Jankowska Paula , Jankowski Krzysztof Jacek , Nogalski Adam
Published: October 2020

IntoductionAccidents and injuries are a major challenge for modern medicine. According to EUROSTAT data from 2016, accidents were the fifth most frequent cause of death among citizens of the European Union countries. Injuries of the urogenital-tract represent about 10% of all injuries, thanks to epidemiological analysis it is possible to continuously improve the effects of their treatment.AimThe aim of this study is to analyze the epidemiology of urogenital-tract injuries in 2006-2018 in Poland, in the region of Lublin Voivodeship, and to compare them with other papers on a similar subject.Material and methodsThe retrospective analysis was carried out on all patients with S-T diagnosis according to ICD-9 treated in hospitals in the Lublin Voivodeship in 2006-2018. The analysis was based on statistical data collected by the National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene. There were 934 patients selected. The collected material was analyzed statistically using the STATISTICA 13.1 program.ResultsOut of 934 patients the vast majority were men (n=782, 83.73%), the remaining part of analyzed population was women (n=152, 16.27%). The average age of the analyzed group was 33 years 5 months, injuries were most common in 15-30 years old group. Mortality of urogenital-tract injuries in the analyzed group was 0.75%. The most frequent injuries were to the external genitals (55.4%) followed by renal (29.66%) and urethra (5.56%) bladder (3.43%). Urinary injuries were very rare.ConlusionsInjuries to the urogenital-tract most often involve young men. They are relatively rare and their mortality rate is low. External genital trauma is the most common injury to the urogenital-tract, while renal injury is the most common within the urinary tract. Occasionally injuries to other organs of the urinary tract occur. The main mechanism of injury is blunt but within the lower urinary tract a significant role is played by iatrogenic injuries.
Case of Adult-Onset Still’s Disease in 65-year-old man
Authors: Warchoł Konrad , Niedobylski Sylwiusz , Laszczak Katarzyna , Giżewska Kamila , Królik Paweł
Published: October 2020

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is an uncommon condition that presents itself as difficult to diagnose, due to non-specific symptoms and the necessity to exclude any underlying causes. We present a case of a 65-year-old man with slight fever, loss of weight, pain and stiffness of joints. After successful diagnosis, corticosteroids were administered, which resulted in rapid improvement in the condition of the patient.
Morphological justification of laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) operation for the inguinal hernia recurrence
Authors: Feleshtynskyi Y. P. , Shtaier A. A.
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The frequency of the inguinal hernia of the repeated recurrences is up from 9,3  to 12%. In surgical treatment re-fixation of the mesh to the atrophied tissues of the inguinal canal is unreliable. The posterior access can be much more reliable for the patients, in which the mesh will be fixed to the unchanged muscular-aponeurotic tissues of the inguinal area.Aim. To increase the efficiency of recurrent inguinal hernias surgical treatment by justification of using the TAPP surgical technology.Materials and methods. An analysis was made in the clinic  Kiev City Clinical Hospital No. 5. about surgical treatment of recurrent inguinal hernias in 105 patients. Surgical operations were also divided. The patients were divided into 2 groups, the first group (52), where the Liechtenstein's operation was repeated, and the second group of the patients (53) were confirmed by TAPP (patent No.  1299.1 from 26.11.18). A biopsy of the inguinal muscle aponeurotic tissues was made during surgery in both groups of the patients. Also morphological examination was made. For a final comparison of the morphological examination of inguinal tissues, a biopsy was performed in 20 patients who had an appendectomy.Results and discussions.  In I group to the remote period in 8 (16%) patients there were chronic inguinal pain and recurrence of hernia was observed in 4 (8%) patients. In II group long-term results were as follows, chronic inguinal pain was diagnosed in 2 (4%) patients, recurrence was observed in 1 (2%) patient. After making a morphological comparison of the three groups, it was found that in group I were signs of severe chronic inflammation with the formation of granulation of the tissue, scar tissue, destruction of elastic fibers, both in the tissue of the anterior abdominal wall and in the wall of the vascular component. The morphological picture of the II and III groups are similar, with weakly expressed chronic inflammatory infiltration, with savings of the elastic fibers and less degenerative changes.Conclusion. The morphological reasoning of the use of improved TAPP was the absence of atrophic changes in the muscular-aponeurotic tissues of the inguinal region, while in Liechtenstein's second operation there was atrophy, scarring of inguinal tissues, so fixation of the mesh to such tissues can leads to recurrence.
The functioning of the patient in the mental aspect and interpersonal relationship after Laryngectomy Surgery
Authors: Bury Michał , Frąszczak Patrycja , Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia
Published: October 2020

Introduction. The most radical way to get rid of the cancer of the larynx is total laryngectomy. Laryngectomy involves the complete removal of the voice organ, which is the larynx, as a result of extensive laryngeal cancer categorized according to the TMN classification as T3 and T4, so this is a social problem that needs attention and should be taken into account in scientific research. Goal. Assessment of the results of the functioning of people after laryngectomy in the patient's psyche and interpersonal relations. Material and methods. A literature review was made using PubMed, Google Scholar databases based on keywords. Results. On the percentage scale, the highest results achieved for patients without function, 63% reported physiological tests of depression, and 26% revealed mental disorders. Patients may also have anxiety disorder, phobias, panic disorder, and anxiety concentration syndromes that are able to manifest themselves in the results of stress levels. Women demonstrate that more often than men, lower initial values as a result of laryngectomy mutilation, and because of the results in the use analysis, they use substitute speech, which may sound like a male voice.When it comes to data related to the age of users, younger users (under 65 years of age) are more likely to solve mental problems. Low income, unemployment, lack of a permanent job associated with an increased risk of depression or mental treatment. Conclusions. In patients with laryngectomy after larynx cancer, they include a significant reduction in quality of life, an increase in depressive reactions, and communication difficulties in a larger group of people. This is a significant social problem that requires research.
Risk factors of decompression sickness in scuba diving
Authors: Pińkowska Oliwia , Podstawka Zuzanna , Byś Aleksandra , Gawda Piotr
Published: October 2020

BackgroundRecreational diving with aqualung can be called an extreme sport because the divers are exposed to physical and psychological risks. A serious danger in diving is the very exposure to a change in pressure underwater, which every diver must deal with. That kind of danger may cause many problems related to any pressure exposure and unfortunately, diving-related illnesses have shown the increasing tendency. Recreational divers are the most numerous group among the people who suffer from decompression sickness (DCS) and alas, similar condition can be expected in future years. Aim of this literature review was to determine the risk factors of decompression sickness after scuba diving.Materials and methodsMaterial for this literature review was found by two independent authors searching PubMed, Cochrane library and ScienceDirect databases by using a combination of keywords: „scuba diving”, „risk factors”, „decompression sickness”, „DCS”. Finally, 4 publications qualified for a review of literature.ResultsMany authors presented factors such as patent foramen ovale, BMI and fat mass, age, diving exposure, heavy exercise, sex, strong current, workload during diving, circulatory right-to-left shunt and the lack of changes in the diving style to have an impact on developing DCS. In the opposite, one study stated that overweight and gender had minor contribution to DSC.ConclusionsRisk factors of decompression sickness  in scuba diving could be: high-grade PFO, age, diving exposure, strong current, heavy exercise, workload during diving, dehydration, repetitive diving, violation of dive profiles, experience in diving, presence of circulatory right-to-left shunt and the lack of changes in the diving style after previous DCS episode. Further research is needed to verify the role of gender and fat mass in developing symptoms of decompression sickness.
Hip arthroplasty as a chance for a normal life
Authors: Kwiatkowska Małgorzata Maria , Skierkowska Natalia , Topka Weronika , Prylińska Monika , Gajos Wiktoria
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to review and analyze the medical literature on hip arthroplasty.Hip arthroplasty is a popular procedure in orthopedics nowadays. Implantation of an artificial joint allows the patient to return to work, practice hobbies or sportsand most importantly have a pain free life. The paper describes the theoretical basis of hip arthroplasty, types of procedures used in orthopedics in this field, the most important contraindications and the importance of physiotherapeutic treatment. The treatment, combined with well and individually planned pre- and postoperative rehabilitation, can bring spectacular results. The postoperative rehabilitation program is selected individually. It should be noted that every patient is different, therefore the improvement plan sometimes has to be reviewed on an ongoing basis during its implementation. The main goals of rehabilitation after artificial joint implantation are: to reduce pain, increase the range of motion of the operated joint and strengthen the muscles of the entire body.
ECCU (E-cadherin/catenin) complex and its role in carcinogenesis
Authors: Ozga Alicja Maria , Obuchowska Aleksandra , Wójcik Justyna , Standyło Arkadiusz , Piotrowska Paulina
Published: October 2020

Introduction:One of the main characteristics of cancer is uncontrolled cell proliferation as well as loss of cells adhesion in the case of metastases. Cadherins and catenins are the molecules responsible for cell-to-cell interaction. Together, they form a complex called ECCU (E-cadherin/catenin complex) which maintains the proper tissue structure. However, an impairment in its functioning can result in many adverse health effects, such as cancer promotion. Purpose: To evaluate the potential role of ECCU complex in carcinogenesis. Materials and methods: We performed the database research using PubMed, Springer Link and ResearchGate and we made review and meta-analysis of relevant studies. We searched for studies analyzing the relationship between ECCU complex and carcinomas development. Results: ECCU  takes part in many cell processes and pathways, such as Wnt/Wingless‐signaling pathway or EMT/MET processes. It interacts with various molecules, for instance p27 protein or transcription factors. Aberrations in the expression of ECCU components is related to carcinoma promotion, shorter survival rate of patients and poor differentiation of the tumor. Conclusions: A role of the ECCU complex is complicated, however there is a clear correlation between loss of cell adhesion and carcinoma promotion and progression. The complex can be a possible target of anti-cancer therapy in the future; it is also under investigations as a marker of the disease, however it is questionable.
Secondary and side effects of particular Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants - literature review
Authors: Krzewicka-Romaniuk Ewa , Siedlecka Dagna , Romaniuk Artur
Published: October 2020

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), along with serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), are the first-line drugs in the treatment of depression. Pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders with SSRIs is widely practised. Although SSRIs are thought to be relatively safe group of drugs, it is worth to remember that particular SSRIs agents are related to  unique secondary and side effects. Knowledge about basic differences between each medication in this group is essential to choose suitable treatment for every patient.
Comparison of treatment methods of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) – review
Authors: Kuś Adrian , Szypłowska Małgorzata , Obel Michał , Gorecka Adrianna , Zaremba Bartłomiej
Published: October 2020

Introduction: An aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (AAA) is a local aortic dilatation, most often below the departure of renal arteries. It is becoming an increasingly common health issue amongst people over 65 years of age and poses a direct threat to life. However, early diagnosis, proper treatment and postoperative care significantly increase the chances for long-term survival. The currently available methods of treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm are surgical and include classical or endovascular approach. The classical method is an open operation consisting of the replacement of a changed section the aorta for a vascular prosthesis. Endovascular surgery protects the aneurysm from rupture by placing the peripheral vascular stent-graft access to the light of the aneurysm.Aim and method: Comparison of two methods of treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm: classical and endovascular in patients. We searched through the PubMed database and took into consideration all of the results available as of September 2020 and outlined the current evidence regarding AAA etiology, symptoms, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment.Results and conclusion: Both classical and endovascular methods have similar long-term survival rates. More early complications can be observed in the classical method and late complications in the endovascular one. The choice which method the patient should be treated with should depend on the operators' experience with the method and their individual approach to the patient.
The bitter side of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) - the global obesity pandemic
Authors: Siedlecka Dagna , Micał Wojciech , Krzewicka-Romaniuk Ewa , Romaniuk Artur
Published: October 2020

Sweet taste accompanies our lives since childhood. Sugar is commonly used in industrial production. Increased consumption of simple sugars has been observed since many years. Sugars come in different forms and one of them - glucose-fructose is on scientists aim because if it's impact on health. Fructose has unique metabolic features, that could be harmful for human organism. Excessive consumption of this substance contributes to obesity pandemic, development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Obesity affects in particular children and teenagers.[1] High consumption of fructose disturb sense of hunger and satiety.
Expanding the knowledge of Helicobacter pylori – new directions, new challenges
Authors: Wronecki Jakub , Tywanek Ewa , Trojanowska Paulina , Skrzydło-Radomańska Barbara , Zwolak Agnieszka , Łuczyk Robert Jan
Published: October 2020

IntroductionHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is prevalent worldwide. As it is a known carcinogen, causing multitude of gastrointestinal end extra-gastric disorders, the eradication therapy is now indicated for every patient diagnosed with this infection. This approach may prove however to be improper, since it is now known, that not every strain of this species is pathogenic, therapy may be unsuccessful and drug resistance is ever increasing problem.A brief description of the state of knowledge:H. pylori is a species representing multiple strains with distinct regional genetic markup. Its prevalence is high in the general population, but in the recent years there have been reports of decreased presence in the developed countries. This paper reviews most important known genetic diversity markers and their impact on virulence and toxicity of species. It also covers possible new ways to combat the infection.ConclusionWith increased possibility of genetic sequencing, there may be possibility for custom-tailored eradication therapy of H. pylori in the future.
The effect of intestinal microbiota on pregnancy and baby's health
Authors: Wojcik Justyna , Obuchowska Aleksandra , Ozga Alicja , Standyło Arkadiusz , Obuchowska Karolina , Kimber-Trojnar Żaneta , Leszczyńska-Gorzelak Bożena
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The intestinal microflora (IM) is a heterogeneous complex of all microorganisms inhabiting the human body, both commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic. It consists mainly of bacteria, but also of viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. IM has an important metabolic and immunological role and participates in the course of pathological processes. The composition of a newborn and baby’s IM changes dynamically in the first year of life. Just in the first days of birth, the newborn is exposed to many different strains of bacteria, including Staphylococcus sp.  and Enterococcus sp.Aim: To purpose of systematic review was to collect and analyze material of effect of the mother's gut microbiota on the pregnancy and of the health of baby.Material and methods:  Review of the literature published in 2008-2020.Conclusion: The uterus environment was originally considered sterile and the newborn's intestines were to be colonized only during and after delivery. However, recent studies indicate that placenta and amniotic fluid are involved in microbiota colonization of fetal intestines during prenatal life. This means that the fetus has an initial stock of microorganisms before birth. In addition, a significant effect of maternal diet and probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on the composition of microorganisms found in the amniotic fluid has been demonstrated. There is also a relationship between microbiotic programming in the aspect of civilization diseases.         Summary: The education of women of reproductive age on the subject of proper nutrition and supplementation during pregnancy and the puerperium is extremely important. Undertaking pro-health activities will affect the child's future health and development.
The impaired response of circulating asprosin concentrations to glucose levels fluctuation may be one of the causes of type 2 diabetes – a narrative review
Authors: Trojanowska Paulina , Trojanowska Alina , Szydełko Joanna , Tywanek Ewa , Łuczyk Robert Jan
Published: October 2020

It has been recently discovered that asprosin, an adopakine that is secreted by white adipose tissue, affects the release of glucose into the blood. When blood glucose levels rise, the production of asprosin is immediately suppressed. In healthy people, circulating asprosin shows daily fluctuations, and its concentration drops significantly with the beginning of eating. In patients with type 2 diabetes it was invastigated that both fasting and postprandial asprosin concentrations were significantly higher. Therefore, it is probable that elevated blood levels of asprosin and its impaired response to glucose levels fluctuation may be one of the causes of type 2 diabetes. It is considered, that administration of antibodies that block the action of asprosin may help diabetics reduce glucose levels. In addition, it can also contribute to the effective fight against obesity.
Dynamic taping in damage to the long thoracic nerve - proposal proceedings
Authors: Filarecka Agnieszka , Jęchorek Michał
Published: October 2020

Breast cancer is a leading cancer among women, high incidence of cancer is not synonymous with high mortality. Women who undergo radical or partial mastectomy after surgery want to return to full fitness as soon as possible. Movement restrictions associated with the procedure do not have a positive effect on the patients' psyche.One of the complications of surgery in the armpit is long pectoral nerve damage. Impaired mechanics of the shoulder blade affect non-ergonomic movement in the shoulder joint. Using the neurorehabilitation methods, the correct scapula pattern should be restored. Facilitation, i.e. tracking, is also an effective method for peripheral nerve damage. In each of the methods, the movement is supported by a therapist, who can determine the direction of movement through resistance, or support it.The study presents examples of kinesiotaping applications that can be used in therapy at various stages. The method of use depends on the degree of damage to the structure and should be modified for therapy.A review of available literature and own experience were used for the work.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) – brief history and guidelines
Authors: Krzewicka-Romaniuk Ewa , Siedlecka Dagna , Romaniuk Artur
Published: October 2020

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective and safe methods of treatment used in psychiatry. The history of ECT in Poland dates back to 1861, when Vilnius doctor Klemens Maleszewski successfully applied electricity obtained from a galvanic cell to treat a patient with catatonia. The modern history of the use of electricity to induce seizures dates back to 1938, when Bini and Cerletti performed the first ECT on a patient suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. Although ECT is thought to be a very safe, well-known and effective procedure, patients are still afraid of undergoing ECT due to bad reputation of this method.
Rat peripheral blood leucocyte reaction in the age aspect on the background of metabolic syndrome experimental modeling
Authors: Shutova N. A.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the research is to investigate links between body mass index and changes in the leucocyte formula of peripheral blood in rats of different ages in experimental modeling of nongenetic alimentary obesity with subsequent MS development; to identify possible associations between these indicators in animals depending on age.Contingent and research methods. Metabolic syndrome was reproduced according to the developed method in rats of different age groups by combining high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet in parallel with pharmacological correction of physiological satiation inhibition.Results. It is determined that the mechanisms of low gradient chronic inflammation development in adipose tissues on the background of metabolic syndrome differ from classical inflammatory response mechanisms. Weight gain is associated with the activation of various leucocyte forms depending on age and degree of mass increase. Young rats have body mass index associated with the amount of peripheral blood neutrophils and more delayed in time; adult animals have body mass index associated with eosinophils, starting from the first month of metabolic syndrome development; old animals have body mass index associated with monocytes and lymphocytes, during the whole period of the trial. The dependence of inflammatory reaction symptoms on the age and sex of the animal on the background of obesity is confirmed by the present associative links (peripheral blood cell composition – animal’s age - body mass index) and can be determined later, as a marker factor for metabolic syndrome development.
Estimating Fault Location Based on Fault Current in 20 kV Distribution System
Authors: Maulana Ricky , Hidayat Syarif
Published: October 2020

The growth of the electric power system is currently taking place rapidly, causing an increase in the number and length of line to provide consumer services. In the line, there are often fault caused by lightning, storms, breakdown insulation, and short circuit caused by birds and other objects. Detection and location determination will speed up the repair process and can avoid more severe damage. Most studies refer to the fault location on the transmission line. But lately the determination of fault location in distribution system has begun to become a concern of researchers for the improvement of the quality of electricity services to consumers. This study discusses the determination of fault locations based on fault currents and the types of disturbances using data from the assumed distribution system model. The estimated fault location by ignoring the fault resistance has the largest error obtained 0.74% and estimated fault location by including fault resistance will cause a very large error, but the error can be reduced by changing the algorithm of the fault resistance assumption. The result for to ground fault error has reached 1.238% and double line to ground error has reached 88.167%.Keywords— Fault location, fault current, fault resistance, distribution system
Hybrid Charging System Management With Automatic Switching Method
Authors: Ilman Abdillah Fashiha
Published: October 2020

Abstract— Hybrid energy generation is a renewable energy power plant with more efficiency and advantages than a stand-alone generator. Using 2 generators for battry storage can speed up the charging of energy to the battery but in the battery charging system, there is still wasted energy and an uncontrolled Charging and Discharging system on the battery resulting in a short battery life. Therefore we need a tool to control the Charging and Discharging performance of the battery in order to optimize battery charging thereby extending battery life.Automatic Switching System is an innovation of Charging and Discharging activity management so that it does not occur simultaneously on the battery, this process is carried out by a microcontroller. The use of 2 DC power sources as a charging source helps speed up battery charging for 30 minutes faster than 1 source. Through several modes provided, this tool can select sources and batteries that can be used as a condition for Charging and Discharging.
Clinical reasoning: exploring its characteristics and enhancing its learning
Authors: Gruppetta Mark , Mallia Maria
Published: October 2020

Clinical reasoning is an extensive and intricate field, dealing with the process of thinking and decision making in practice. Its study can be quite challenging because it is context and task dependent. Educational frameworks such as the conscious competence model and the dual process reasoning model have been developed to help its understanding. To enhance the learning of clinical reasoning, there are significant areas that can be targeted through learning processes. These include knowledge adequacy; ability to gather appropriate patient data; use of proper reasoning strategies to address specific clinical questions; and the ability to reflect and evaluate on decisions taken, together with the role of the wider practice community and the activity of professional socialisation. This article explores the characteristics of clinical reasoning and delves deeper into the various strategies that prove useful for learning.
Remote clinics: a panacea during the pandemic or a promoter of health inequality?
Authors: Mehmi Ashley , Winters David , Newman Thomas , Green James
Published: October 2020

Remote clinics have shown many benefits including patient safety, but if we look closer, does this move exclude certain groups of patients from accessing healthcare and promote health inequality?
Amplitude randomness of spontaneous emission influence on the coherence properties of a laser
Authors: Li Mi , Yang Xiaomin , Ji Yulong , Zhang Rongzhu
Published: October 2020

Based on the randomness of spontaneous emission, the statistical characteristics of phase noise are discussed. A theoretical analysis model, focusing on the amplitude randomness of spontaneous emission, is established to calculate laser phase noise. Then, the coherence of a laser before and after phase-locked control is calculated when an ideal laser and nonideal laser are used as a reference light in an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL). The effects of the amplitude randomness of spontaneous emission on phase-locked laser coherence are analyzed in detail. The results show that phase noise randomness increases with the increase of the expectation or variance of spontaneous emission amplitude, which represents amplitude randomness. When an ideal light is used as reference light, if the expectation and the variance of spontaneous emission amplitude are about 10 and 100, respectively, the time constant of an OPLL should be set as 1 ns, while a favorable noise suppression result can be achieved. However, to achieve a favorable noise suppression result, the time constant of an OPLL should be set as 0.1 ns when a nonideal laser is used as reference light.
Modifications of the hybrid projection method for analysis of electromagnetic scattering by inhomogeneous bodies of revolution
Authors: Semernya Ekaterina I. , Skobelev Sergei P.
Published: October 2020

A numerical analysis of wave scattering by a body of revolution composed of a homogeneous dielectric sphere and an external inhomogeneous dielectric layer with arbitrary generatrix is carried out. A modification of the hybrid projection method developed in the paper includes expansion of the fields in terms of transverse vector spherical functions, projection of the Maxwell’s equations in the inhomogeneous region on the indicated functions, and use of the one-dimensional method of finite elements in projection form over the radial coordinate. Two more modifications correspond to the case of a perfectly conducting internal sphere and for the case of the absence of the internal sphere. The indicated modifications are realized in MATLAB codes for the case of excitation of the body by a circularly polarized plane wave propagating along the axis of revolution. Numerical results presented and discussed in the paper include the cases of wave scattering by a homogeneous sphere displaced from the origin of coordinates, a perfectly conducting sphere placed inside an inhomogeneous spheroidal layer, and a half-spherical Maxwell’s fish-eye lens.
Characteristics of an elliptical Airy beam with a circular concentric vortex and its realization
Authors: Cao Bingsong , Shen Donghui , Qiu Zhifang , Li Tong , Huang Kaikai , Zhang Xian , Lu Xuanhui
Published: October 2020

We theoretically and experimentally study the propagation characteristics of elliptical Airy vortex beams (EAVBs) with a circular concentric vortex. It is found that EAVBs inherit the abruptly autofocusing properties of the circular Airy beams (CABs), but EAVBs will have a better autofocusing performance than circular Airy vortex beams (CAVBs) under certain conditions. It is also found that the initial

m

-order concentric vortex of EAVBs splits into

|

m

|

first-order vortices at the autofocusing plane, and the focusing pattern splits into

|

m

|

+
1

bright spots with the pattern’s tilting direction related to the sign of

m

[

m

is the topological charge (TC) of the vortex]. These characteristics of EAVBs may have potential applications in TC detection, optical micromanipulation, communications, and other fields.
Enhanced transmission induced by embedded graphene in periodic, quasiperiodic, and random photonic crystals
Authors: Padhy Abhishek , Bandyopadhyay Rahul , Costa Carlos H. , Bezerra Claudionor G. , Nayak Chittaranjan
Published: October 2020

The study of photonic crystals, artificial materials whose dielectric properties can be tailored according to the stacking of their constituents, remains an attractive research field, and it is the basis of photonic devices based on the generation, processing, and storage of photons. In this paper, we employ a transfer-matrix treatment to study the propagation of light waves in periodic, quasiperiodic (Fibonacci, Octonacci, and Dodecanacci), and random dielectric multilayers with graphene embedded. The structures considered here are composed of two building blocks, silicon dioxide (building block

A
=

S
i

O

2

) and titanium dioxide (building block

B
=

T
i

O

2

). We calculate their transmission spectra as a function of incident angle

θ

and reduced frequency

Ω

. Our main goal is to investigate the enhancement of the transmission due to the presence of graphene. In particular, we show that bandgap regions become passband regions when graphene is embedded in the optical multilayers. More specifically, for a range of the incident angle

θ

and reduced frequency

Ω

, the PCs with graphene embedded display an unexpected property: the electromagnetic radiation is transmitted mainly through the multilayers and not reflected or absorbed as expected for large structures.
Two semicircular-hole fiber in a Sagnac loop for simultaneous discrimination of torsion, strain and temperature
Authors: Htein Lin , Gunawardena Dinusha Serandi , Liu Zhengyong , Tam Hwa-Yaw
Published: October 2020

We report a highly sensitive twist sensor based on a Sagnac interferometer constructed with a new type of optical fiber which contains an elliptical core and two large semicircular-holes, where the slow axis of the core orthogonal to the air-holes has a large sensitivity towards twist-induced birefringent changes. The novel fiber structure results in a highest twist sensitivity of 5.01 nm/° at a chosen dip over the range from 370°-400°. The resonance dips in the interference pattern respond with different rates in the wavelength shifts in the presence of physical parameters permitting to experimentally distinguish directional torsion, axial strain and temperature.
Passively Q-switched pulses from ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) using copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles as a saturable absorber
Authors: Al-Masoodi Ahmed H. H. , Abdulghafoor Omar B. , Alani I. A. M. , Ahmed M. H. M. , Al Masoodi Ab. H. H. , Harun S. W.
Published: October 2020

A high pulse energy Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) based on copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles as a saturable absorber (SA) is demonstrated. The CuO nanoparticles have been fabricated into a thin film using a liquid-phase exfoliation method then it was integrated into a laser cavity to act as Q-switcher. The proposed Q-switched YDFL operates at a central wavelength of 1035.4 nm with a 3-dB bandwidth of 0.26 nm. The Q-switched laser has a repetition rate range from 57 kHz to 104 kHz by varying the pump power from 179 mW to 226.5 mW, while the pulse width was tuned from 4.5 µs to 2.2 µs. Relatively, high pulse energy around 0.192 µJ was achieved at an average output power of 20 mW. This laser with high pulse energy can be seen as a very promising pulsed laser source in many industrial and optical sensing applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a Q-switched fiber laser using CuO-SA in YDF.
Antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×Oreochromis mossambicus) in Malaysia
Authors: Pauzi Nurfarahin Ahmad , Mohamad Nurliyana , Azzam-Sayuti Mohamad , Yasin Ina Salwany Md. , Saad Mohd Zamri , Nasruddin Nurrul Shaqinah , Azmai Mohammad Noor Amal
Published: October 2020

Background and Aim: Aeromonas hydrophila is a major cause of bacterial infections affecting a wide range of warm water fishes worldwide. In Malaysia, A. hydrophila isolations from diseased fishes were previously reported; however, with limited information. The present study investigates the antibiotic susceptibility and pathogenicity of A. hydrophila isolated from farmed red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) in Malaysia.

Materials and Methods: A. hydrophila was biochemically identified and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests. The isolate was then intraperitoneally injected into red hybrid tilapia, and the mortality, clinicopathological changes, and LD50 were determined up to 240 h post-infection (hpi).

Results: The isolate demonstrated multiple antibiotic resistances (MAR) toward amikacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and streptomycin, with a MAR index of 0.5. The experimental infection of A. hydrophila at 105 CFU/mL in the red hybrid tilapia resulted in 100% mortality at 240 hpi. The LD50 was determined at 1.1×104 CFU/mL. Infected fish demonstrated occasional erratic swimming patterns, localized hemorrhages and depigmentation on the body and operculum areas, fin erosion, enlargement of the gall bladder, and hemorrhage in internal organs. Microscopic observation of infected fish revealed brain congestion, tubular necrosis, and glomerular shrinkage in the kidneys, necrosis of hepatocytes, and congestion of blood vessels in the liver.

Conclusion: The high virulence of A. hydrophila to the red hybrid tilapia emphasizes the importance of active, on-going monitoring of its prevalence in Malaysian tilapia farming.
Investigating the effect of unachieved minimum acceptable diet and low infant and child feeding index as risk factors of stunting in children aged 6-23 months
Authors: Limardi Suryadi , Hasanah Dini Mutia , Utami Ni Made Dwiyathi , Sidiartha I Gusti Lanang
Published: October 2020

Background The complementary feeding period of 6-24 months of age is one of the most crucial moments in child growth, in which most of the decline in length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) occurs. The Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) and Infant and Child Feeding Index (ICFI) are indicators to assess complementary feeding practices in the children with potential for stunting.

Objective To assess and compare the usefulness of MAD and ICFI scores as indicators of inadequate feeding practice on stunting in children aged 6-23 months.

Methods This case-control study was conducted in South and West Wewewa subdisctricts of Southwest Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from February to August 2019. Participants were children aged 6-23 months who had received complementary feeding for a minimum duration of one month. Children with LAZ <-2 were allocated into the case group (stunted) and those with LAZ>-2 into the control group. Both MAD and ICFI scores were assessed in both groups. ICFI was categorized as low, average, and high. The association between complementary feeding practice which depicted by the MAD and ICFI scores and stunting was measured using logistic regression.

Results Of 322 participants, 161 children were allocated into each group. Multivariate analysis revealed that those in low and average ICFI tertile had higher odds of stunting [(OR 2.85; 95%CI 1.35 to 6.00; P<0.01) and (OR 1.95; 95%CI 1.09 to 3.46; P<0.05), respectively]. No association was found between MAD and stunting.

Conclusion Inadequate complementary feeding practice is found to increase the risk of stunting among children aged 6-23 months. Compared to MAD, ICFI is a better indicator in demonstrating an association between complementary feeding practice and stunting.