bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study Identification of Some Species of Fish Using the Partial Fragment of Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit-1Gene (COI) in Danau Panggang, South Borneo
Authors: Wulandari Tuah Nanda Merlia , Rais Aroef Hukmanan
Published: June 2021

Danau Panggang is a unique habitat for fish species used for food and economic purposes that live in it. This study aims to identify several important and endangered fish species in Danau Panggang using the DNA sequence method and water quality in Danau Panggang. The DNA sequence was then aligned with the RefSeq from the GenBank data library by using the BLAST program of NCBI to find the closest identity associated with several types of fish samples being analyzed. The sequence analysis of the DNA show that some fish species analyzed have specific identifications :Trichopodus pectoralis, Phalacronotus apogon, Belodontichthys dinema, Anabas testudineus, and  Leptobarbus hoevenii. Based on the results of the phylogenetic tree, it is also found that the relationship between fish taxons in flooded swamps of Danau Panggang is close to one another.
Systematic Review Of Risk Factor Of Intestinal Parasite Infection
Authors: Novitasari Nur Afidah , Fatah Mohammad Zainal
Published: June 2021

Background: Intestinal parasites infection is a common problem in the world. Intestinal parasites infection causes morbidity, mortality, and complication. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify the intestinal parasite infection risk factors by using a systematic review of intestinal parasite infection-related existing publications. Methods: This study used a systematic review method. A systematic review of intestinal parasite risk factors was then performed following PRISMA guidelines. The data source of this study was derived from the literature obtained through the internet in the form of research results from publications in journals that were conducted in Hindawi, PubMed, emedicalj, tandfonline, knepublishing, portalnepas, ojs unud, plos, jurnal.umsb, and publications were assessed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. The population is the research paper about prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasites infection from 2013-2019 and 35 studies were used. Inclusion criteria were researched that identifies risk factors intestinal parasites infection and uses primary data for the research. Exclusion criteria were review study and use secondary data for the study. Data are presented in tabular form. Univariate analysis to see the average, minimum and maximum values, and frequency and percentage distribution. Results: The results of the systematic study analysis are that the most risk factors for intestinal parasite infection are age, sex, residence, toilet, washing hand with soap before a meal, shoe-wearing habit, trimming nails, eating undercooked food, personal hygiene, and source of drinking water. Conclusions: Intestinal parasites can occur in children, adolescents, and adults who are affected by demographic factors, clean and healthy lifestyle behaviors and lifestyle. Cleanliness, health, and lifestyle are aspects that need to be improved to prevent intestinal parasites. Keywords:  intestinal parasites infection, lifestyle, risk factor, systematic review
Factors that Associated with Stunting Cases in Children Under Two at The Working Area of Wonokusumo Health Center
Authors: Wulandiana Nuraini , Maulina Cintia
Published: June 2021

Background: Stunting is one of the nutritional problems experienced by toddlers, nowadays. Based on data from Global Nutrition Reports in 2014, three million children under five in the world are malnourished every year, and globally, the bad impact of diseases caused by malnutrition reaches billions of dollars. This situation can be prevented by improving nutrition in the first thousand days of life which begins during mothers’ pregnancy until the children age two years. Currently, According to data from riskesdas, Stunting in Surabaya increases rapidly. In 2013, the number of children diagnosed with stunting was 21 % and got its peak by 29% in 2018. Purpose: The study aims to identify the risk factors of stunting in children, especially in their two-year age or under, in a working area of Wonokusumo Health Center. Method: This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique that is used is a non-probability sampling technique with a consecutive sampling method, totaling 56 children. Primary data were obtained by measuring the height of the children using microtoise, and interviewing the mothers using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test through the Epi Info 7.0 application. Result: The obtained-result of the research was a significant relationship between the inactivity of attending an integrated service post (posyandu: Pos Pelayanan Terpadu) with the stunting (P = 0.03; PR = 0.21). There was also no significant relationship between the number of children, the level of maternal knowledge, the state of mother's employment, the states of exclusive breastfeeding, the complete state of basic immunizations, and the history of infectious diseases (P> 0.05) with stunting. Conclusion: the absence of attending an integrated service post (posyandu: Pos Pelayanan Terpadu) is a factor that has a significant relationship with stunting among children under two in the working area of The Wonokusumo Health Center.
On the Reflexive Formation of the “Human Capital” of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee
Authors: Litvak N. , Pomozova N.
Published: June 2021

Received 03.07.2020. This article represents a stage in a comprehensive interdisciplinary study of foreign policy institutions and personalities of the People’s Republic of China since the late 1990s. to November 2019. During this period there was a rapid growth in the economic, technological and cultural development of the country, which both allowed and demanded a greater foreign policy activity of China, which until then was focused on internal, maximum, regional problems. At the same time, people and institutions, that shaped and implemented this new foreign policy also developed and changed. The periods between the congresses of the Chinese Communist Party with the corresponding renewal of political leadership and foreign policy priorities correlate with the prevalence of human resources with certain biographical criteria (place of birth, higher education and practical work) in the Foreign Ministry and the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, those who were born in the East of the country, studied and worked in Europe, and not in the United States and Russia, as one might suppose on the basis of the discourse, for many decades concentrated on the military confrontation between the main nuclear powers. This article examines the biographies of key employees of the CPC International department in connection with the formation of foreign policy in the context of the overall development of China. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded, firstly, about the strengthening of the technocratic approach to foreign policy specialists, which takes into account, first of all, their expert qualities, even in such a party structure as the CPC Central Committee International department, instead of the ideological approach that dominated in the past. Secondly, personnel dynamics are influenced by the specifics of the work of the International Department, which is currently aimed at maximizing the implementation of opportunities for cooperation, primarily of an economic nature, in the Eurasian direction, while the Foreign Ministry has the main current task of confronting the United States and regional rivals. Third, the revealed correlation and long-term effects of such a personnel policy can also stimulate Russian activity in terms of training the next generations of foreign policy human resources on the Chinese direction.
REB indexes
Authors: Aukutsionek S. , Batyaeva A. , Dyomina N. , Egorov A. , Matveev A.
Published: June 2021

“REB indexes” cover a wide range of economic indicators of Russian industrial enterprises. The article presents basic statistical data collected on a monthly, quarterly and semi-annual base by the Russian Economic Barometer by means of direct questioning of managers of industrial and agricultural enterprises. Regular extension of rows allows seeing dynamics of more than 70 series of indicators and conducting comparative analysis of data collectedsince 1991.
REB’s statistical series: surveys of industrial enterprises
Authors: Aukutsionek S. , Batyaeva A. , Dyomina N. , Egorov A. , Matveev A.
Published: June 2021

Industrial indexes of the Russian Economic Barometer cover a wide range of economic indicators of Russia’s industrial enterprises. The article presents the basic statistical data collected on a monthly, quarterly and semi-annual base by the Russian Economic Barometer through direct surveys of industrial enterprises’ managers. Regular extension of rows allows to consider the dynamics of more than 100 series of indicators, to conduct a comparative analysis of data collected since 1991.
Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral and Systemic Diseases: An Update
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Chung Sang Wan , Auh Q-Schick , Hong Seung-Jae , Lee Yeon-Ah , Jung Junho , Lee Gi-Ja , Park Hae Jeong , Shin Seung-Il , Hong Ji-Youn
Published: June 2021

The human oral microbiome refers to an ecological community of symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms found in the oral cavity. The oral cavity is a suitable environment that provides various kinds of biological niches such as teeth, tongue, and oral mucosa. The oral cavity is the gateway between the external environment and the human body, maintaining oral homeostasis, protecting the mouth, and preventing disease. On the flip side, the oral microbiome plays an important role in triggering, development, and progression of oral and systemic diseases. Currently, disease diagnosis through the analysis of the human oral microbiome has been realized with the recent development of innovative detection technology, and is overwhelmingly promising compared to the previous era. It has been found that patients with oral diseases and systemic diseases have variations in the oral microbiome compared to normal subjects. This narrative review provides insight into the pathophysiological role that oral microbiome plays in influencing oral and systemic diseases, and updates the knowledge related to the oral microbiome over the past 30 years. A wide range of updates was provided with the latest knowledge of the oral microbiome to help researchers and clinicians in both academic and clinical aspects. The microbial community information can be utilized in non-invasive diagnosis and help develop a new paradigm in precision medicine, which will benefit human health in the era of post-metagenomics.
Extracellular Vesicles Trigger Atp Release and Promote Migration of Human Microglia through the p2x4 Receptor / Mfg-e8 – Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Jonavičė Ugnė , Romenskaja Diana , Kriaučiūnaitė Karolina , Jarmalavičiūtė Akvilė , Pajarskienė Justina , Kašėta Vytautas , Tunaitis Virginijus , Malm Tarja , Giniatulin Rashid , Pivoriūnas Augustas
Published: June 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) effectively suppress neuroinflammation and induce neuroprotective effects in different disease models. However, the mechanisms by which EVs regulate neuroinflammatory response of microglia remain largely unexplored. Here, we addressed this issue by testing the action of EVs derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth stem cells (SHEDs) on immortalized human microglial cells. We found that EVs induced a rapid increase in intracellular Ca2+ and promoted a significant ATP release in microglial after 20 min of treatment. Boyden chamber assays revealed that EVs promoted microglial migration by 20 %. Pharmacological inhibition of different subtypes of purinergic receptors demonstrated that EVs activated microglial migration preferentially through the P2X4R pathway. Proximity ligation and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that EVs promote association between milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor VIII (MFG-E8) and P2X4 receptor proteins. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of αVβ3/αVβ5 integrin suppressed EV -induced cell migration and formation of lipid rafts in microglia. These results demonstrate that EVs promote microglial motility through P2X4 R/ MFG-E8 – dependent mechanisms. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms through which EVs target human microglia that may be exploited for the development of new therapeutic strategies targeting disease associated neuroinflammation.
Foreign language learning and identity reconstruction: understanding of interaction of the self
Authors: Nejabat Ameneh , Rad Neda Fatehi , Tajadini Massoud
Published: June 2021

This study focuses on the processes & relationships between foreign language learner's identity and interaction foreign language proficiency associated with learning English in private language institutes in Iranian context, especially, participants' beliefs about languages & participants' views about the language question are analyzed. This analysis integrates the speaker's practices and beliefs to issues of identity construction and negotiation that are observable in two contexts. Some English as a foreign language learners from 3 language institute in Tehran were picked to participate in the study, based on stratified sampling. The instrument were a 30-item likert-scale questionnaire on motivation types & social responsibility, individual development, information medium, ... 24 likert-scale questionnaire on self-identity changes, such as, self‌-confidence change, subtractive change, productive change, results reveal that how language practices in human interaction display and construct identity and correlation analysis indicated that motivation types of  self-identity changes and signal participant's negotiations of their own identities of these or others. Instrumental orientations related with learner's self-confidence change.
Las ciencias básicas odontológicas como fundamentos para la práctica clínica
Authors: Quispe-Salcedo Angela
Published: June 2021

Las carreras del área de ciencias de la salud combinan la adquisición de conocimientos básicos y habilidades específicas para el desempeño clínico desde etapas tempranas de la formación profesional. En el caso de la odontología, estas habilidades son sumamente complejas, lo cual implica que el estudiante posea un adecuado conocimiento previo de las estructuras de la cavidad oral y su fisiología.
Effect of Hydrate Dissociation and Axial Strain on the Permeability of Hydrate-Bearing Sand during the Creep Process
Authors: Zhou S. S. , Wu P. , Li M. , Li Y. H. , Zhang L. X. , Yang L. , Liu Y. , Zhao J. F. , Song Y. C.
Published: June 2021

The relative permeability (kr) and capillary pressure (Pc) are essential components to predict the gas and water flow in hydrate-bearing reservoirs. In this study, we analyze the dynamic gas and water relative permeability (krg and krw) during the continuous creep process of hydrate-bearing sand (HBS) under conditions of thermal-stimulated hydrate dissociation using computed tomography (CT) and the pore network model (PNM). The dynamic sample region extraction method for CT images is adopted by considering the deformation of HBS in the vertical direction. The pore structure of the HBS was visualized and reconstructed by CT scanning. The 3D pore network is built after image processing; then, gas and water flow processes are analyzed by the PNM. The results show that krw is highly consistent with two main pore structure factors: the pore space size and connectivity variation. krg is greatly affected by an increasing number of narrow flow channels in the HBS during the creep process. In addition, the irreducible water saturation (Swir) during the creep process is mainly affected by the joint effect of the pore size, throat size, and pore space connectivity. The preferential flow directions of the gas and water change from vertical to horizontal along with the progression of creep.
Bioinformatics of thymidine metabolism in Trypanosoma evansi: exploring nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase (NDRT) as a drug target
Authors: Kandeel Mahmoud , Al-Taher Abdulla
Published: June 2021

Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra or camel trypanosomiasis, is characterized by the widest geographic distribution and host range among the known trypanosomes. Its zoonotic importance and increasing evidence of drug resistance necessitate the discovery of new drug targets. The drug discovery process entails finding an exploitable difference between the host and the parasite. In this study, the thymidine metabolic pathways in camel and T. evansi were compared by analyzing their metabolic maps, protein sequences, domain and motif contents, phylogenetic relationships, and 3D structure models. The two organisms were revealed to recycle thymidine differently: performed by thymidine phosphorylase in camels (Camelus genus), this role in T. evansi was associated with nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase (NDRT), a unique trypanosomal enzyme absent in camels. Thymidine in T. evansi seems to be governed by thymine through NDRT, whereas in camels, thymidine can be produced from thymidylate via 5'-nucleotidase. As a result, NDRT may be a promising drug target against T. evansi.
Moisture variations during the first millennium CE and their linkage with social developments along the Silk Road in northwestern China
Authors: Zhang Yong , Shao Xuemei , Yang Qing , Yin Zhi-Yong
Published: June 2021

Moisture conditions, especially those that occur as multi-decadal anomalies, have profound impacts on society, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, the lack of high-resolution climatic data for the first millennium CE greatly limits our understanding how moisture variations have influenced history. Here, we present an 1882-year (134–2015 CE) tree-ring chronology developed from the Qilian juniper (Juniperus przewalskii Kom.) growing in the western Qilian Mountains, northwest China. The tree-ring index correlates significantly with the May-June self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI) and could therefore be used to reconstruct May-June moisture variations since 241 CE. The reconstruction reflects moisture conditions at the annual to multi-decadal time scales over the past two millennia. During the period from the 3rd to 8th centuries, there were prominent interdecadal fluctuations, with the 3rd century and the late 5th century being the wettest and driest periods in the reconstruction, respectively. The transition from the wet 3rd century to the dry 5th century corresponded with key events in Chinese history, namely the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty and the chaotic Southern and Northern Dynasties, as well as the fall of the ancient Loulan Kingdom in eastern Xinjiang. Thus, our reconstruction provides new evidence for the close linkage between abnormal climate conditions and social changes in ancient times.
Changes of diurnal temperature range over East Asia from 1901 to 2018 and its relationship with precipitation
Authors: Sun Xiubao , Wang Chunzai , Ren Guoyu
Published: June 2021

Since the 1950s, the East Asian diurnal temperature range (DTR) defined as the difference between the daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum temperatures (Tmin) has gradually decreased. Precipitation changes have often been cited as a primary cause of the change. However, the East Asian DTR change before 1950 and its relationship with precipitation remain unclear. Here, we mainly use a newly developed China Meteorological Administration-Land Surface Air Temperature dataset v1.1 to examine the climatological patterns and long-term trends of the DTR in East Asia from 1901 to 2018, and its relationship with precipitation. 1951–2018 mean annual DTR averaged over East Asia is approximately 10.0°C. East Asian DTR changes during 1901–2018 show two distinct characteristics. First, the DTR decrease significantly by about 0.60 ℃ during 1901–2018, and the decrease rate in the second half of the 20th century (by ~ 0.53 ℃) is significantly larger than that over the rest of the Northern Hemisphere and the global land due to rapid urbanization over East Asia. Second, before the 1950s, the DTR in East Asia shows a significant non-linear increase, while there are substantial differences in different latitude zones. The middle and high latitudes show the fluctuating rise and decline, respectively. Additionally, we find that the spatial pattern of long-term DTR change shows a significant negative correlation with mean precipitation patterns except in arid and semi-arid areas during 1901–2018. Besides, the decreasing trend of DTR is gradually become smaller from arid regions to humid regions during 1901–2018, mainly due to the difference between Tmax and Tmin warming rate is gradually become smaller.
Impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy on post-operative clinically significant pancreatic fistula – A systemic review and updated meta-analysis.
Authors: Vasavada Bhavin Bhuendra , Patel Hardik
Published: June 2021

Aims and objectives: The primary aim of our analysis was to do a systemic review and updated meta-analysis of literature published in the last 10 years and look for the association of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and risk of subsequent clinically significant pancreatic fistula.Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database were searched forStudies comparing outcomes in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy first with those patients who received surgery first in case of pancreatic cancer. A systemic review and Metanalysis were done according to MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. Heterogeneity was measured using Q tests and I2, and p < 0.10 was determined as significant. Nonrandomized trials were accessed for bias using the New Castle Ottawa scale. Publication bias was studied using funnel plots. Results: Twenty-six studies including 17021 patients finally included in the analysis. 339 patients out of a total of 3386 developed clinically significant pancreatic fistula in the neoadjuvant first group. 2342 patients out of 13335 patients developed clinically significant pancreatic fistula in the surgery first group. Neoadjuvant treatment significantly reduced the risk of subsequent clinically significant pancreatic fistula. (p= <0.0001). The number of patients with soft pancreas was significantly higher in the surgery first group. (p <0.0001). Pancreatic duct diameter mentioned in only two studies but there was no significant difference between both groups. [p=1].Blood loss was significantly more in the surgery first group.[ p <0.0001]. There was no difference in pancreaticoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy performed between both groups. (p=0.82). There was no difference in the number of borderline resectable pancreatic tumors between both groups. (p= 0.34). There was no difference in overall grade 3/grade 4 complications rate between both groups. (p= 0.39).Conclusion: Neoadjuvant treatments may be responsible for the lower rates of clinically significant pancreatic fistula after subsequent surgery.
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells in The Treatment of Spinal Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Authors: Brodano Giovanni Barbanti , Griffoni Cristiana , Facchini Giancarlo , Carretta Elisa , Salamanna Francesca , Gala Rohan , Tedesco Giuseppe , Evangelisti Gisberto , Terzi Silvia , Ghermandi Riccardo , Bandiera Stefano , Girolami Marco , Pipola Valerio , Fini Milena , Gasbarrini Alessandro
Published: June 2021

Purpose: We retrospectively analysed a cohort of patients treated at our Centre with bone marrow concentrated (BMC) injection for aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the spine, in order to propose this treatment as a valid alternative for the management of ABCs.Methods: Fourteen patients (6 male, 8 female) were treated between June 2014 to December 2019 with BMC injection for ABC of the spine. The mean age was 17.85 years. The mean follow up was 37.4 months (range 12- 60 months). The dimension of the cyst and the degree of ossification were measured by Computed Tomography (CT) scans before the treatment and during follow-up visits. Results: Six patients received a single dose of BMC, five patients received two doses and in three patients three doses of BMC were administered. The mean ossification of the cyst (expressed in Hounsfield units) increased statistically from 43.48±2.36 HU to 161.71±23.48 HU during follow-up time and the ossification was associated to an improvement of the clinical outcomes. The mean ossification over time was significantly higher in patients treated with a single injection compared to patients treated with multiple injections. No significant difference in ossification was found between cervical and non-cervical localization of the cyst. Moreover, the initial size of the cyst was not statistically associated with the degree of ossification during follow-up Conclusions: Results of this paper reinforce our previous evidence on the use of BMC as a valid alternative for spinal ABC management when SAE treatment is contraindicated or ineffective.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Preoperative Frailty in Chinese Elderly Inpatients with Gastrointestinal Cancer Undergoing Surgery: A Single-center Cross-sectional Study Using the Groningen Frailty Indicator
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Zhang Meng , Hu Shaohua , Meng Lei , Xi Jing , Xu Aman , Zhang Yanyan , Yu Shihui
Published: June 2021

BackgroundFrailty is emerging as an important determinant for health. Compared with Western countries, research in the field of frailty started at a later stage in China and mainly focused on older community dwellers. Little is known about frailty in Chinese cancer patients, nor the risk factors of frailty. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of frailty and its risk factors in elderly inpatients with gastrointestinal cancer. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary hospital in China from Mar. 2020 to Nov. 2020. The study enrolled 265 inpatients aged 60 and older with gastrointestinal cancer who underwent surgery. The demographic and clinical characteristics, biochemical laboratory parameters, and anthropometric data were collected from all patients. The Groningen Frailty Indicator was applied to assess the frailty status of patients. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis was carried out to identify risk factors of frailty and estimate their 95% confidence intervals. ResultsThe prevalence of frailty in elderly inpatients with gastrointestinal cancer was 43.8%. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age (OR=1.065, 95% CI: 1.001-1.132, P=0.045), low handgrip strength (OR=4.346, 95% CI: 1.739-10.863, P=0.002), no regular exercise habit (OR=3.228, 95% CI: 1.230-8.469, P=0.017), and low MNA-SF score (OR=11.090, 95% CI: 5.119-24.024, P<0.001) were risk factors of frailty. Conclusions﻿This study suggested that the prevalence of frailty was high among elderly inpatients with gastrointestinal cancer. Older age, low handgrip strength, no regular exercise habit, and low MNA-SF score were identified as risk factors of frailty.
Effects of Magnetically Treated Sedum Alfredii Seeds On The Dissolved Organic Matter Characteristics of Cd-Contaminated Soil During Phytoextraction
Authors: Tang Youjun , Ji Shuaizhi , Chen Dan , Wang Jiawei , Cao Min , Luo Jie
Published: June 2021

The effects of magnetic field treatments on the two determining factors of phytoremediation, growth status and element uptake capacity, of Sedum alfredii have been thoroughly studied; however, minimal studies have been performed to determine the influence of the Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii, grown from magnetically treated seeds, on the dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics in its rhizosphere. A series of pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the variations in the DOM concentration and fractionations in the rhizosphere of S. alfredii treated with external magnetic fields. Compared with the untreated seeds, S. alfredii grown from magnetically treated seeds excreted more DOM in its rhizosphere. Additionally, the hydrophilic DOM fractionation proportion, which presented a greater capacity to mobilize Cd in the soil, increased from 42.7 % in the control sample to 47.2 % in the 150 mT magnetically treated S. alfredii sample. The water-soluble and exchangeable forms of Cd (extracted using deionized water and NH4NO3, respectively) in the rhizosphere of the magnetically treated S. alfredii were significantly lower than those of the control sample. Furthermore, the Cd extraction capacity of DOM from the rhizosphere of the magnetically treated S. alfredii was greater than that of the control sample, thereby increasing the Cd uptake ability of the magnetically treated species. These results suggest that the secretion of large amounts of DOM, especially acid and hydrophilic fractionations, is an essential mechanism of magnetically treated S. alfredii to mobilize Cd in the soil.
Candidate Gene of NOS3, MMP3, AGT, and AGT1R and Pathway Analyses for Platelet Reactivity and Clinical Outcomes of Repeat Revascularization After First PCI in Chinese Patients
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Wang Zhe , Liu Zhiyan , Mu Guangyan , Xie Qiufen , Wang Zining , Xiang Qian , Gong Yanjun , Cui Yimin
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Major disadvantages of the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are the high occurrence of repeat revascularization due to restenosis and disease progression. The current study aimed to identify indicators that can predict the risk of repeat revascularization.
Methods
A total of 143 patients who underwent PCI and had genetic test results were enrolled. We retrospectively reviewed their medical records after the first PCI. P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) test results were obtained by VerifyNow; 372 SNPs of NOS3, MMP3, AGT, and AGT1R gene and 380 genes related to platelet activation-related processes and clopidogrel activity were selected for analysis. Repeat revascularization and in-stent restenosis (ISR) were used as clinical outcomes, and PRU and ADP aggregation rates were used as platelet function outcomes in analysis.
Results
After the first PCI, the incidence of repeat revascularization at 18, 30, and 42 months was 14.1% (20/142), 17.5% (24/137), and 39.7% (31/78), respectively. In the candidate gene analysis, Rs 78830 (NOS3) was associated with both ADP aggregation rate and 18- and 30-month ISR, and rs 62275847 (AGTR1) was associated with both ADP aggregation rate and 30-month ISR. In the pathway, gene-set analysis, the linkage rs471683 and rs7785386 of GNAI1|GNAT3 were associated with PRU and ADP aggregation rate, 18-months and 30-months ISR, and repeat revascularization within 30 months. Rs1715389 of GNAI1|GNAT3 were associated with both PRU and ADP aggregation rate, 18-months and 30-months ISR, and repeat revascularization within 30 months. Rs7313458 of ITPR2 were associated with PRU and ADP aggregation rate, 18-months and 30-months ISR, and repeat revascularization within 18 months.
Conclusions
The genetic polymorphisms of rs78830(NOS3), rs62275874 (AGTR1), linkage rs471683 and rs7785386 (GNAI1|GNAT3), rs1715389(GNAI1|GNAT3), and rs7313458 (ITPR2) may lead to an increased risk of in-stent restenosis and revascularization after the first PCI in Chinese patients by affecting the efficacy of clopidogrel. The above six SNP may be used as potential genetic biomarkers for high risk of in-stent restenosis and revascularization after the first PCI in Chinese patients.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes The Release of Exosomal PD-L1 From Head and Neck Cancer Cells and Facilitates M2 Macrophage Differentiation
Authors: Yuan Yi , Jiao Pengfei , Wang Zeyu , Chen Mengqi , Du Hongming , Xu Liang , Xu Juanyong , Dai Youjin , Wu Fu-gen , Zhang Yaqin , Wu Heming
Published: June 2021

Background

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) fosters cancer cell escape from immune surveillance and upregulate PD-L1 expression, but the mechanisms remain unclear.
Methods

We analyzed protein levels by immunofluorescence and Western blotting, RNA levels by qRT-PCR. Exosomes were injected intravenously through the tail vein into 6-week-old nude mice once every other day for a total of 10 injections
Results

Expression of some ER stress markers, including GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78), ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) and PERK (PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), was upregulated in OSCC tissues and correlated with poor overall survival. The level of ER stress-related proteins positively correlated with a cluster of PD-L1 expression and macrophage infiltration in OSCC tissues. PD-L1 expression in OSCC tissues was negatively correlated with cumulative survival. Incubation with Exo-ER upregulated PD-L1 levels in macrophages in vitro and vivo, and upregulation of PD-L1 promoted macrophage polarisation towards the M2 subtype.
Conclusions

ER stress induced exosome secretion by OSCC cells and PD-L1 expression in macrophages to promote M2 macrophage differentiation. A novel exosome-modulated mechanism was delineated for OSCCs-macropahge crosstalk that drove tumor growth and should be explored for its therapeutic utility.
Risk Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based On A Nomogram Model
Authors: Ouyang Peilin , Yiping You , Xiaozhou Jia , Liqin Yang
Published: June 2021

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are prone to develop gestational diabetes mellitus, a disease which may have significant impact on the postpartum health of both mother and infant. We performed a retrospective cohort study to develop and test a model that could predict gestational diabetes mellitus in the first trimester in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Our study included 520 pregnant women who were referred to the obstetrics department between December 2017 and March 2020 with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Of these women, 171 were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus in the second trimester. Univariate analysis revealed that in the first trimester, parity, family history of diabetes, age, body mass index (BMI), testosterone, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), diastolic blood pressure(DBP)，and insulin levels were predictive factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (P<0.05). Logistic analysis revealed that TG, age, HbA1C, Insulin, TC, BMI and family history of diabetes were independent risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. The area under the ROC curve of the gestational diabetes mellitus risk prediction model was 0.917 in this retrospective analysis, demonstrating the great ability to predict. The sensitivity and specificity of the prediction model were 0.814 and 0.871, respectively. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test also showed a good fit to the test.
Expression Status and Prognostic Values of SOCS Family Genes in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xuede , Sun Kai , Bao Lingling
Published: June 2021

Backgroud:Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family play important roles in the development of cancers by inhibiting the transmission of the Janus kinases–signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. However, the expression patterns and prognostic value of SOCS family genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Methods: The SOCS family genes expression profiles were explored using ONCOMINE and GEPIA online tools. The mutation and copy number alterations of SOCS family genes in NSCLC were assessed by cBioportal for Cancer Genomics. The methylation status of SOCS family members were analyzed through MEXPRESS and UCSC Xena website. The prognostic values of SOCS family genes in NSCLC were explored through Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. Results: The expression levels of SOCS2, SOCS3, and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS/CISH) were significantly reduced in NSCLC tissues compared to normal lung tissues. The aberrant DNA methylation of SOCS family genes were frequent in NSCLC. CISH methylation was negatively correlated with gene expression in NSCLC. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis demonstrated high expression of SOCS1 may be a predictor of poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD) but served as a favorable prognostic marker of lung squamous cell carcinoma. The high expression levels of SOCS2 and SOCS4-7 were significantly correlated with better overall survival (OS) in LUAD but not in lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) patients. Conclusions:Our findings indicated that the aberrant gene expression and DNA methylation of SOCS family members are common in NSCLC and contribute to tumorigenesis. SOCS family genes may serve as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC patients
A bimodal distribution of haze in Pluto's atmosphere
Authors: Fan Siteng , Gao Peter , Zhang Xi , Adams Danica , Kutsop Nicholas , Bierson Carver , Liu Chao , Yang Jiani , Young Leslie , Cheng Andrew , Yung Yuk
Published: June 2021

Pluto, Titan, and Triton make up a unique class of solar system bodies, with icy surfaces and chemically reducing atmospheres rich in organic photochemistry and haze formation. Hazes play important roles in these atmospheres, with physical and chemical processes highly dependent on particle sizes, but the haze size distribution in reducing atmospheres is currently poorly understood. Here we report observational evidence that Pluto's haze particles are bimodally distributed, which successfully reproduces the full phase scattering observations from New Horizons. This result suggests a dimensional transition in organic haze formation, and indicates that both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres can produce multi-modal hazes.
Spa therapy interventions for post respiratory rehabilitation in COVID-19 subjects: does the review of recent evidence suggest a role?
Authors: Maccarone Maria Chiara , Masiero Stefano
Published: June 2021

Pulmonary rehabilitation is essential in post-COVID subjects reporting respiratory impairment after the discharge from hospital. Because the number of patients with respiratory outcomes is high and there are few facilities available, we wonder if spa setting could represent a valid out-of-hospital alternative. We aim to explore recent evidence related to respiratory rehabilitation in the spa environment to understand if it can represent an appropriate setting for respiratory rehabilitation interventions in post-COVID subjects. Studies were found by screening PubMed, MIDLINE and Google Scholar databases from 2011 up to February 2021. Studies were eligible if they were reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or clinical trials investigating respiratory interventions in the spa environment. Recent evidence has shown that inhalations and mineral-rich water immersions are effective in fighting and preventing multiple chronic respiratory tract diseases.Therefore, these treatments could also be applied to post-COVID patients with medium- long term respiratory outcomes.
A link between renewable energy, globalisation and carbon emission? Evidence from a disaggregate analysis with policy insights
Authors: Ansari Mohd Arshad , Akram Vaseem , Haider Salman
Published: June 2021

This study unveils the question of how renewable energy, non-renewable energy, globalisation, and total factor productivity affect the carbon dioxide (CO2) at the aggregate and disaggregate levels (CO2 from oil, coal and gas) in case of top ten carbon emitters developing economies over the period 1991–2016. To achieve the above objective, we apply various panel unit, cointegration and causality tests. We also implement a Pooled Mean Group estimator technique to find the long-term coefficients. Findings from panel cointegration tests show that there exists a significant long-run relationship between renewable energy, non-renewable energy, globalisation, total factor productivity and CO2. Moreover, findings derived from PMG infers that renewable energy consumption has a negative and significant impact on CO2 while non-renewable energy consumption significantly increases the CO2 at aggregate and disaggregate level. Further, our results show that total factor productivity increases the CO2 emissions whereas globalisation decreases it. From the policy point of view, our findings recommend that CO2 in sample countries can be reduced through promoting low carbon technology, and globalisation. Moreover, our findings propose to encourage renewable energy installation and drafting comprehensive policies.
TB-Net: A Tailored, Self-Attention Deep Convolutional Neural Network Design For Detection of Tuberculosis Cases From Chest X-Ray Images
Authors: Wong Alexander , Lee James , Rahmat-Khah Hadi , Sabri Ali , Alaref Amer
Published: June 2021

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, and is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease. A crucial step in the treatment of tuberculosis is screening high risk populations and the early detection of the disease, with chest x-ray (CXR) imaging being the most widely-used imaging modality. As such, there has been significant recent interest in artificial intelligence-based TB screening solutions for use in resource-limited scenarios where there is a lack of trained healthcare workers with expertise in CXR interpretation. Motivated by this pressing need and the recent recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the use of computer-aided diagnosis of TB in place of a human reader, we introduce TB-Net, a self-attention deep convolutional neural network tailored for TB case screening.Methods: We used CXR data from a multi-national patient cohort to train and test our models. A machine-driven design exploration approach leveraging generative synthesis was used to build a highly customized deep neural network architecture with attention condensers.Results: We conducted an explainability-driven performance validation process to validate TB-Net's decision-making behaviour. Experiments on CXR data from a multi-national patient cohort showed that the proposed TB-Net is able to achieve accuracy/sensitivity/specificity of 99.86%/100.0%/99.71%. Radiologist validation was conducted on select cases by two board-certified radiologists with over 10 and 19 years of experience, respectively, and showed consistency between radiologist interpretation and critical factors leveraged by TB-Net for TB case detection for the case where radiologists identified anomalies.Conclusion: The proposed TB-Net not only achieves high tuberculosis case detection performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity, but also leverages clinically relevant critical factors in its decision making process. While not a production-ready solution, we hope that the open-source release of TB-Net as part of the COVID-Net initiative will support researchers, clinicians, and citizen data scientists in advancing this eld in the ght against this global public health crisis.
Gut resistome presents a unique biome signature in chronic multi-symptom illness patients and links persistent pro-inflammatory phenotype in a mouse model reversible by fecal microbiota transfer
Authors: Bose Dipro , Chatterjee Somdatta , Older Ethan , Seth Ratanesh , Lloyd Patricia Janulewicz , Carlson Jeffrey , Sullivan Kimberly , Saha Punnag , Decho Alan , Mondal Ayan , Li Jie , Klimas Nancy , Lasley Stephen , Chatterjee Saurabh
Published: June 2021

Chronic multi-symptom illness (CMI) affects a subsection of elderly and war veterans and is associated with systemic inflammation, chronic fatigue, pain and neuroinflammation. We showed previously that an altered gut microbiome-inflammation axis aids to the symptom reporting and persistence. Here, a mouse model of CMI and a group of Gulf War veterans’ with CMI showed the presence of an altered host resistome, a signature of antibiotic resistance genes within the microbiome. Results showed that antibiotic resistance genes were significantly altered in the CMI group in both mice and GW veterans when compared to the control. Fecal samples from GW veterans with persistent CMI showed a significant increase of resistance to a wide class of antibiotics and exhibited an array of mobile genetic elements distinct than normal healthy controls. Strikingly, the altered resistome and gene signature were correlated with mouse serum IL6 levels. Altered resistome in mice also correlated strongly with intestinal inflammation, decreased synaptic plasticity that was reversible with fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), a tool to restore a healthy biome. The results indicate an emerging linkage of the gut resistome and CMI and might be significant in understanding the risks to treating hospital acquired infections in this population.
Analysis and Evaluation of Indian Industrial System Requirements and Barriers Affect During Implementation of Industry 4.0 Technologies
Authors: JENA ABINASH , Patel Saroj Kumar
Published: June 2021

In recent years, competition among the Indian Manufacturing Industries (IMI) has increased enormously in the global market. The current uncertainty in the market context is characterised and governed by the customised requirements of the customers. Thus, the manufacturing system in the industries should be capable of adapting the parameters like flexibility in scalability, variety, agility, system responsiveness, inter-connectivity, automatic data exchange with communication among the manufacturing systems, transparency and human-machine interaction, which are the main components and principles of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Thus, adopting I4.0 plays a vital role to corroborate and its long-term survival in the global marketplace. However, very few research work considerations contribute to the issues induced during the adoption of I4.0 in manufacturing industries. This paper aims to minimise the gap between the existing Industrial System Requirements (ISR) and the challenges faced during the implementation of I4.0 technologies in existing Industries. The identified ISR and barriers were evaluated and analysed based on the data set collected from a questionnaire-based survey. Fuzzy multi-criteria analysis is conducted to identify the most weighted SR and barriers and ranked them concerning their importance. Furthermore, the inter-item correlation between both of them is analysed. This research work offers the researchers, practitioners, and industrialists an opportunity to formulate MCDM problems through numerous case studies, prioritising the top barriers and system requirements and the inter-relationship shared between them.
The expansion of tree plantations across tropical biomes
Authors: Fagan Matthew , Kim Do-Hyung , Settle Wesley , Ferry Lexie , Drew Justin , Carlson Haven , Slaughter Joshua , Schaferbien Joshua , Tyukavina Alexandra , Harris Nancy , Goldman Elizabeth , Ordway Elsa
Published: June 2021

Across the tropics, recent agricultural shifts have led to a rapid expansion of tree plantations, often into intact forest and grassland habitats. However, this expansion is poorly characterized. Here we report tropical tree plantation expansion between 2000 and 2012, based on classifying nearly 7 million unique patches of observed tree cover gain using optical and radar satellite imagery. Most observed gain patches (69.2%) consisted of small patches of natural regrowth (5.9 ± 0.2 Mha). However, expansion of tree plantations dominated observed increases in tree cover across the tropics (11.8 ± 0.2 Mha) with 92% of plantation expansion occurring in biodiversity hotspots and 14% in arid biomes. We estimate that tree plantations expanded into 9.2% of accessible protected areas across the humid tropics, most frequently in southeast Asia, west Africa, and Brazil. Given international tree planting commitments, it is critical to understand how future tree plantation expansion will affect remaining natural ecosystems. One Sentence Summary: Tree plantations dominated recent expansions of tropical tree cover, including into 9% of accessible parks in the humid tropics.