bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filho de duas pátrias: a personificação de Antônio Vieira por Varnhagen
Authors: Macedo Gil Eduardo de Albuquerque
Published: December 2024

Personagem de narrativas historiográficas e literárias, Antônio Vieira foi um padre jesuíta que viveu entre os anos de 1608 e 1697. No século XIX, o padre se tornou pauta de intensos debates e figura necessária do IHGB para a formação da narrativa nacional. Um campo de disputas foi formado em torno da figura de Vieira, do qual surgiram diversas leituras. Destaca-se a leitura que Francisco Adolfo Varnhagen fez sobre o padre. Caracterizado pelo elogio nacionalista, o historiador entendeu que Vieira foi um indivíduo nascido em Portugal, mas que o Brasil possuía seu dever de Pátria. Para compreender a produção do personagem histórico, torna-se imprescindível o entendimento da fabricação de Vieira em meio aos investimentos simbólicos da historiografia brasileira oitocentista. Nesse sentido, o nosso estudo fará uso de uma abordagem historiográfica sobre o jesuíta no século XIX, com a qual foi possível inferir uma teia de relações adjacentes, sobretudo, as estabelecidas com o IHGB e a historiografia portuguesa.
Em defesa da causa africana: os intelectuais e o campo cultural
Authors: Sampaio Thiago Henrique
Published: December 2024

Resenha da obra: CARVALHO FILHO, Silvio de Almeida; NASCIMENTO, Washington Santos (Orgs.) Intelectuais das Áfricas. Campinas, SP: Pontes Editores, 2018, 479 p.
Ritmos atlânticos e festa negra no Rio de Janeiro da Primeira República
Authors: Santos Poliana
Published: December 2024

Resenha da obra: PEREIRA, L. A. de M. 2020. A cidade que dança: clubes e bailes negros no Rio de Janeiro (1881-1933). São Paulo; Rio de Janeiro, UNICAMP; EDUERJ, 360 p.
A natureza americana por seus usos e percepções
Authors: Fleck Eliane Cristina Deckmann
Published: December 2024

O projeto de investigação em desenvolvimento, brevemente apresentado nesta nota de pesquisa, insere-se no esforço de reavaliação do papel desempenhado tanto pela Companhia de Jesus na chamada ciência moderna quanto pelas populações locais e indígenas nos conhecimentos divulgados nas obras de Botânica Médica, Cirurgia e História Natural escritas por membros da ordem, cujas cópias podem ser encontradas em bibliotecas e arquivos europeus e latino-americanos. Nestes receituários e tratados, mais do que inventários do mundo natural, descortinam-se interações entre diferentes agentes de saber e intercâmbios locais e globais operados por missionários da Companhia de Jesus instalados nas quatro partes do mundo, que foram fundamentais para a formulação de novos conhecimentos científicos na Época Moderna.
¿Observadores u observados?
Authors: Ramírez Verónica , Sanhueza-Cerda Carlos
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo examina, desde la perspectiva de la historia de la ciencia y de la historia cultural, cómo fueron representados los astrónomos y definida la condición de autoridad científica por algunos dibujantes de las principales revistas ilustradas chilenas de principios del siglo XX. El contexto coincide, por una parte, con la modernización de la industria editorial, en el que la materialidad visual cobró un papel clave y dio paso a un nuevo tipo de negocio periodístico; y por otra, con el proceso de paulatina profesionalización e institucionalización de la disciplina astronómica. En este marco, este estudio de caso demuestra que la definición de la categoría de autoridad científica comprendida por una parte de la opinión pública estuvo atravesada por dos problemáticas: la exigencia de una ciencia útil para la sociedad y la puesta en duda de la veracidad y relevancia del conocimiento generado por los observadores del cielo y de la tierra.
A (re)escrita da história da Farroupilha no final do século XIX
Authors: Antunes Soares Fabrício Antônio
Published: December 2024

O artigo examina como a obra historiográfica História da República Rio-Grandense, de 1882, do político e historiador Joaquim Francisco Assis Brasil, representa uma virada na escrita da história sobre a Farroupilha. A partir da problemática de Angela Alonso sobre a geração de 1870, investiga-se como aquela obra histórica representou uma virada historiográfica e política na escrita da Farroupilha. Portanto, o objetivo é analisar como foi construída a narrativa sobre a Farroupilha no contexto de crise das instituições do Brasil monárquico. Para atingir tal objetivo, usa-se o conceito de operação historiográfica de Michel de Certeau, isto é, como a partir de uma análise do lugar social, da prática e da escrita se podem perceber as transformações na escrita da história sobre a Farroupilha. Por fim, vê-se que a obra analisada foi um objeto tanto de luta política como de virada teórica na escrita da Farroupilha.
Communication
Authors: Qidwai Minhaj A.
Published: December 2024

The chapter delves into the intricate relationship between communication, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the healthcare sector. It explores how advancements in AI technology have revolutionized healthcare communication through Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs), offering new opportunities and challenges for both healthcare professionals and patients. The use of semantic networks to represent causal and temporal relationships in a patient's medical history and its benefit in providing valuable insights for healthcare providers is a key discussion point. The chapter also delves into Bloom's Taxonomy and the revised taxonomy by Anderson and Krathwohl that pushes the role of digital technologies in learning processes. The PABI-A SYSTEMS approach is also introduced for understanding communication processes. Thus, by embracing innovative communication strategies that emphasize the need for healthcare professionals to adapt to diverse patient behaviors and leveraging AI advancements, the healthcare industry can pave the way for a more patient-centered approach to healthcare delivery.
Healthcare and Human Rights
Authors: Singh Bhupinder
Published: December 2024

The human right to healthcare is considered a basic one according various international bill of rights and declarations. Realization of other human rights like the right to life, dignity, and an adequate standard of living is contingent on access to quality medical care. The inclusion of artificial intelligence (AI) into the world of health has become an anterior solution to improve patient outcomes and optimize medical services in recent years. The breadth of applications spans from disease diagnosis, treatment planning and personalized medicine to drug discovery. Accessible use of AI powered technology can help health care systems in creating new opportunities for acceleration, accuracy and customization of the services rendered by them which will result to a healthier purpose for each individual on their community. This chapter is an exploration and intersection of healthcare with human rights, specifically in the field of AI use cases within health.
Generative AI in Modern Healthcare
Authors: Kanwal Moona , Siddiqui Muhammad Shahab
Published: December 2024

A healthcare system that is transformed by cutting-edge technology, where patient outcomes improve, clinical workflows become more efficient, and the overall quality of care reaches new heights, this is what Generative Artificial Intelligence is promising in healthcare solutions. Unlike traditional AI which analyzes and processes existing data, generative AI has the unique ability to create new content including creating synthetic medical images, crafting personalized treatment plans, and developing new drug therapies. The aim of this chapter is to explore Generative AI in healthcare aligning with human rights. The focus is on healthcare systems benefiting from this technology and provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications in healthcare. Generative AI alignment with human rights principles and standards is also discussed by critically examining its adherence to privacy, equity, and non-discrimination, and evaluating the ethical implications of AI in healthcare
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Authors: Shaheen Riffat , Salim Hira
Published: December 2024

AI-based technologies allow for the innovation of solutions across the five key areas of continuum of patient care in the healthcare industry: preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative, and palliative care. Preventive Care is entitled to prevention, and it helps to avoid potential worse conditions. AI tools help high-risk patients with different diseases to be identified, and individualize therapies in disease prevention.Promotive Care targets on the enhancement of health and well-being. AI helps in specific and relevant health promotion interventions based on recommendation and communication to get the patient engaged towards the right behaviors. Curative Care, based on two areas: diagnosis and treatment of diseases with the help of AI, increase accuracy and speed. Rehabilitative refers to the long term care need of patients post treatment and to enhance the functioning of patients with chronic illness. Palliative Care is a specialty care that gives an excessive stage of medical care and coordinated
Artificial Intelligent Agents in Health Systems
Authors: Javid Tariq , Shaheen Riffat , Faris Muhammad , Mughal Muhammad Mansoor
Published: December 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as an active area of research and development in almost all disciplines including health systems. AI is transforming the health systems to provide ease in the practice of medicine and to improve the quality of patient outcomes. A core component of an AI-enabled health system is the artificial intelligent agent (AIA) – software robot or softbot – the algorithm embedded in the medical devices. This chapter reviews the potential role of AIA in transforming a traditional medical device into an AI-enabled medical device, thereby contributing towards building an AI-enabled health system. This chapter examines the structure of problem-solving and critical-thinking intelligent agents proposed to be embedded in medical devices to assess the surgical intervention processes.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Strengthening Healthcare Systems
Authors: Aman Zain , Qidwai Minhaj A.
Published: December 2024

The proposed chapter aims to discuss the most significant aspects of healthcare delivery systems whereby a viable ecosystem within a healthcare community could be developed to ensure Impactful, attainable services centered around quality patient care with optimum quality. The chapter shall also cover operational management of a healthcare organizational system including operational strategies, systems performance improvement tools such as Lean Management, PDCA, Kaizen and JIT. These tools would help in identification of systemic problems that persist within and how these problems could be overcome with planned strategic interventions. With respect to Articifial Intelligence, Risk Management of a healthcare system may involve preservance of secrecy and integrity of patient data, diagnoses, reliance on A.I. tools for diagnoses & data management, cross validation and verification of A.I. based results generated within that system.
Human Rights and AI in Healthcare
Authors: Shaheen Riffat
Published: December 2024

This chapter, “Human Rights and AI,” aims to explore the historical context of human rights, responsibilities and rights of humans in the healthcare sector post-AI implementation. It also focuses on two key areas: behavioral practices and how a particular AI based tool can be used to facilitate behavioral modification in relation to IPC in the industry. Inclusive of this chapter, the major goal has been to present a synthesis of the past, present, and future of human rights in healthcare through the use of Artificial Intelligence, by presenting information on historical aspects, ethical propositions, and present and future implications. This is as a result of shaping a future of Care through technological means, ensuring incredible and humane quality of, at least, elementary rights like dignity within the health-care domain for patients.
State Policy Considering AI
Authors: Farooqui Ahsan Ahmed
Published: December 2024

All systems rely on policies driven by industry standards and regulations. These policies define acceptable behavior based on ethical and normative principles. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is relatively new technology but its integration with various industries is now transforming those industries in new ways. Instead of relying on human knowledge base AI, based learning models are being trained to acquire that knowledge and execute those tasks with high accuracy and consistency. The question does arrive is: Will AI replace human beings? Will AI replace human knowledge and experience in their areas of expertise? The biggest challenge will be to decide whether healthcare professionals to speed up lengthy diagnostic procedures for healthcare professionals' knowledge will use AI as a tool and their expertise will become a tool for AI via its learning models. AI learning models, which will transform the healthcare industry now and in the future.
Leadership in Healthcare Systems
Authors: Aman Zain , Qidwai Minhaj A.
Published: December 2024

The chapter aims to analyze the leadership roles in healthcare systems, how leadership is an essential part of sustaining a viable healthcare institution and how artificial intelligence can complement a strong leadership in developing a high performance healthcare mechanism. the chapter also dives into the possibilities of alligning institutional and systematic goals in line with overall healthcare system while utilizing the applcations of artificial intelligence in enhancing such a system to its peek.
Society, Healthcare, and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Aman Zain , Qidwai Minhaj A.
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare by offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance diagnostics, treatment efficacy, and patient outcomes. However, the integration of AI into healthcare systems raises profound societal and ethical questions. This chapter explores the multifaceted interactions between AI technologies and healthcare delivery within the broader societal context. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay between AI, healthcare, and society. By highlighting both the promises and challenges of AI integration in healthcare, it aims to inform ongoing discourse and policy development aimed at maximizing the benefits of AI while mitigating its potential risks.
AI and Society
Authors: Virani Zubaida Faisal , Gulzar Saleema
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on education, emphasizing its potential to improve equity and inclusivity. It discusses how AI can personalize learning, optimize resources, and foster creativity, while addressing disparities in gender, economics, and race. The chapter highlights strategies for using AI to promote diversity and accessibility, and underscores the importance of ethical considerations such as transparency and accountability. It also stresses the role of education in preparing students for an AI-driven future and advocates for AI systems that respect human rights and avoid bias. Overall, it offers a framework for fostering a more equitable educational environment in the AI era.
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) in Vocational Training
Authors: Iyer Rajiv , Maralapalle Vedprakash Chandrakant , Mahesh Poornima
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the transformative impact of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies on vocational education and training (VET). By providing immersive and interactive learning environments, VR and AR enhance skill development, improve knowledge retention, and facilitate the practical application of concepts in vocational training. These technologies enable the simulation of real-world scenarios, allowing trainees to safely practice complex tasks such as operating machinery or performing medical procedures, thereby boosting safety and confidence. AR adds value by overlaying digital information onto physical tasks, offering real-time guidance in industries requiring precision and hands-on expertise. Furthermore, the chapter underscores the potential of VR and AR in promoting remote learning and accessibility, empowering trainees to engage with high-quality simulations and training programs from virtually any location.
Role of Augmented Reality in Vocational Education and Training
Authors: Pathak Juhi P.
Published: December 2024

Augmented reality (AR) has the potential to revolutionize the field of vocational education and training. AR offers immersive and interactive learning experiences that are especially well-suited to skill-based education by superimposing digital information onto the real world. AR is a perfect tool for improving the teaching and learning process in a variety of vocational disciplines because of the growing complexity of vocational skills and the requirement for practical training. The use of AR in vocational education and training is still in its early phases, despite its promise, and a thorough analysis of the literature is required to comprehend its advantages, disadvantages, and potential future possibilities. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, this chapter attempts to conduct a systematic evaluation of the body of research on the application of AR in vocational education and training.
Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Police Education
Authors: Lin Leo S. F.
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in police education by examining the case of Taiwan's Central Police University (CPU). It focuses on the institution's top-down approach to implementing AI technologies within its curriculum and training programs. The findings indicate that as the landscape of law enforcement evolves with rapid technological advancements, CPU has aimed to modernise its educational offerings since 2023 to better prepare future police officers for contemporary challenges. The study highlights the crucial role of institutional leadership in guiding AI adoption among faculty and students, ensuring that educational strategies align with both technological relevance and traditional pedagogical values. By enhancing its capabilities through various projects, conferences, workshops, and guidelines, CPU sets a precedent for other law enforcement vocational education institutions seeking to incorporate AI into their training frameworks.
Investigation the Effects of Fire on an Industrial Metallic Structure
Authors: Murariu Alin Constantin , Duma Iuliana , Perianu Ion Aurel
Published: December 2024

Fires can affect both civil and industrial buildings. Following a fire affecting a building or industrial structure, inspections are normally carried out to assess how the materials used in the construction have deteriorated and the severity of this phenomena. Emphasis is put on assessing the material damage, which involves understanding the mode of degradation, the mechanical and physical characteristics of these building materials and their behaviour in the presence of a thermal source. Understanding how heat affects building materials is very useful in assessing the extent of damage to various building components. Paper presents the results of an in-depth investigation of the effect of fire on an industrial building that has suffered a fire. Conclusions are drawn on the degree of material degradation of various elements of the hall structure.
Simulation for the Influence of Energy-Shaping Laser on the Geometry of the Phase Change Zone during Laser Quenching of AISI 1045 Steel
Authors: Xia Da Wei , Wang Si Yu
Published: December 2024

In this paper, invoking the mechanism of laser phase change hardening, the presence of latent heat of phase change, the temperature-dependent fluctuation of the thermal coefficient, and the disparity of microstructure austenitizing during rapid heating and static heating are duly reckoned. The repercussion of laser energy density distribution on the geometric configuration of the laser quenching phase change zone is probed via a numerical simulation model. Concurrently, the self-developed laser shaper is employed to modify the energy allocation of the conventional laser, and laser quenching is executed on the surface of AISI1045 steel with the spotlight subsequent to the shaper. Through the comparison of the cross-sectional area of the experimental sample phase change zone and the simulated phase change zone, the projected error ratio of the model established in this research is less than 10%.
Effect of Varying Calcium Concentration on Dielectric Properties of Calcium Substituted Strontium M-Type Hexaferrites
Authors: Taimoor Sana , Ali Noor , Shah Saad Saud Ali , Habib Zeeshan , Mehboob Nasir , Rehman Fazal Ur
Published: December 2024

Calcium substituted strontium M-Type hexaferrites are synthesized at different calcium concentrations by co-precipitation method. During synthesis process, PH value of 11 is achieved and solution is heated at 70 °C for 3 hours to form gel followed by drying process at 80 °C for 5 hours. Synthesized samples are then sintered at 650 °C for 4 hours at ramp rate of 10 °C/min. XRD analysis reveals that strontium M-Type hexaferrites at all calcium concentrations exhibit single phase hexagonal crystal structure. Change in density is observed for samples sintered at 800 °C as compared to samples sintered at 650 °C due to increase in temperature. SEM shows that the average particle size of strontium M-Type hexaferrites is greater at lower calcium concentration and smaller at higher concentrations. The average particle size varies from 530 nm to 345 nm for different calcium concentrations and fine particle sizes are achieved at all calcium concentrations. EDX results indicate that stoichiometric ratio is properly maintained according to samples composition and no extra peak of impurity or other element is detected in EDX spectrum. According to LCR measurement, pure strontium M-Type hexaferrites exhibit high dielectric constant at lower frequencies as compared to calcium substituted M-Type hexaferrites at different concentrations. Pure strontium M-Type hexaferrites have higher conductivity which might be due to presence of extra Fe3+ ions at crystal lattice sites. At lower frequencies pure strontium M-Type hexaferrites have higher conductivity and higher tangent loss at lower frequencies as compared to calcium substituted M-Type hexaferrites. While in the frequency range of 200 Hz to 300 Hz calcium substituted M-Type hexaferrites exhibit higher tangent loss.
Fracture Failure Analysis of Compressor Valve Spring
Authors: Li Xiao Wei , Xin Yan Chao , Tan Xin Li , Du Chen Yang
Published: December 2024

Compressor valve spring failure and rapid fracture occurred in a petrochemical enterprise. To find the cause of the failure, and to ensure the safe, stable, and continuous operation of the device, the failure of the spring is analyzed. In this paper, through the macro inspection, chemical composition analysis, metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, energy spectrum analysis, hardness analysis, and other tests, it is concluded that the main reason for the spring fracture is the fatigue fracture caused by unqualified materials. Suggestions are given to avoid similar problems in the future, and it is hoped that this failure analysis will provide valuable experience for similar failure problems in petrochemical enterprises.
Sarcoidosis presenting as hoarseness of voice - a rare presentation
Authors: Puskar Kumar , Gupta Shweta , Sharma Deepak , Sharma Bhavna
Published: December 2024

We report the case of a 35‐year‐old woman, presenting with left Vocal Cord Paralysis (VCP). Diagnostic evaluation revealed sarcoidosis to be the underlying pathology. High-resolution Computed Tomography (CT) scans exhibited multiple enlarged right upper and lower paratracheal and prevascular groups of lymph nodes with bilateral diffuse interstitial thickening with ground glass opacities in both lungs. The enlarged lymph nodes could be a possible mechanism of left vocal cord paralysis through compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Initial treatment with oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) with subsequent tapering of the dosage led to remission of symptoms. A review of the literature reveals very few cases that have been reported to date, involving the left vocal cord. This is the case, indicating the rarity of sarcoidosis‐associated vocal cord paralysis.
Estrogen receptors in mitochondrial metabolism: age-related changes and implications for pregnancy complications
Authors: Hinton Antentor , Neikirk Kit , Le Han , Harris Chanel , Oliver Ashton , Martin Pamela , Gaye Amadou
Published: December 2024

Estrogen hormones are primarily associated with their role as female sex hormones responsible for primary and secondary sexual development. Estrogen receptors are known to undergo age-dependent decreases due to age-related changes in hormone production. In the mitochondria, estrogen functions by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in the electron transport chain, inhibiting apoptosis, and regulating mitochondrial DNA content. Moreover, estrogen receptors may be the key components in maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and structure. Although estrogen plays a crucial role in the development of pregnancy, our understanding of how estrogen receptors change with aging during pregnancy remains limited. During pregnancy, estrogen levels are significantly elevated, with a corresponding upregulation of estrogen receptors, which play various roles in pregnancy. However, the exact role of estrogen receptors in pregnancy complications remains to be further investigated. The paper reviews the role of estrogen receptors in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and in pregnancy complications, with a special focus on the effect of age-related changes on estrogen levels and estrogen receptors function. We also address how estrogen maintains mitochondrial function, including reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in the electron transport chain, inhibiting apoptosis, regulating mitochondrial DNA content, and maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential and structure. However, the effects of estrogen on mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts have not been well studied. Based on these emergent roles in mitochondria, the differential roles of estrogen receptors in pregnancy complications are of great relevance. The paper emphasizes the association between maternal health and estrogen receptors and indicates the need for future research to elucidate the interdependence of estrogen receptor-regulated maternal health with mitochondrial function and their relationship with the gut microbiome. Overall, we summarize the important role of estrogen receptors during pregnancy and highlight the need for further research to better understand the role of estrogen receptors in aging and pregnancy complications. This not only helps to reveal the mechanism underlying the role of estrogen in maternal health but also has potential clinical implications for the development of new therapies targeting age-related diseases and pregnancy complications.
Hip Fracture Surgery: Perioperative Outcomes across Different Anesthesia Techniques – A Systematic Review
Authors: Chikkegowda Sangeetha , Aparna B. , Kumar Malathi Anil , Kumar K Bharath , Heggeri Vijayakumar M , Pushpalatha K.
Published: December 2024

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can benefit from various regional anesthesia (RA) techniques that enhance patient outcomes. Our study aimed to determine if RA reduces mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), blood loss, surgery duration, pain, opioid-related side effects, cognitive defects, and hospital stays while improving rehabilitation. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 2000 onward compared RA to general anesthesia (GA) and evaluated systemic versus regional analgesia. The evidence from RCTs did not conclusively show that anesthesia type impacts mortality, cardiovascular issues, or DVT and PE incidence with thromboprophylaxis. However, RA may reduce blood loss. Our findings emphasized the importance of individualized analgesic approaches, such as fascia iliaca compartment block, intrathecal morphine, local infiltration analgesia, pericapsular nerve group block, lumbar plexus block, and erector spinae plane block, to optimize pain management and minimize opioid use, highlighting a need for balanced risk–benefit strategies to improve recovery. Surgery duration showed no significant difference between RA and GA. Regional analgesia was more effective in reducing postoperative pain, morphine use, and nausea and vomiting compared to systemic analgesia. Despite these benefits, hospital stay length and rehabilitation outcomes were not significantly influenced by RA or analgesia methods for THA and TKA.
Assessment of Antibiotics Adherence and Investigating the Targeted Interventions to Dwindle the Antibiotics Nonadherence
Authors: Kothandan Dhivya , Keshavini S. , Jagadheeshwari M. , Ramya V. G. Sapthami , Backkiyashree D. , Pratibha N. , Sophia B. Vincy Santhana , Ramya A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Antibiotic resistance is a pressing global health concern, exacerbated by antibiotic nonadherence and misuse. Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding antibiotics among the general population is crucial for effective interventions. This study aims to assess antibiotic adherence behavior among adults in the Chennai population and validate potential interventions to improve adherence.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in and around Thoraipakkam, Chennai, over 6 months. Data were collected using a specially designed form covering demographics, medication adherence, KAP related to antibiotics. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.

Results:

Among 250 participants, the majority (64%) was nonadherent to antibiotics, with significant associations found between adherence and gender, education, and medication purchase practices. Knowledge scores indicated that 39% had good knowledge of antibiotic use. Attitudes were varied, with 56% holding positive attitudes toward antibiotics. Practices also varied, with 52% exhibiting good antibiotic use practices. Validation of potential interventions showed high acceptance rates among participants, indicating the effectiveness of targeted interventions in improving adherence.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the prevalence of antibiotic nonadherence and identifies factors associated with it among adults in Chennai. It underscores the importance of targeted interventions to improve adherence and mitigate antibiotic resistance.
A Survey on Quality of Services, Training, and Attitude of Dermatology Trainee Residents About Sexually Transmitted Infections in Teaching Hospitals Across India
Authors: Mehta Nikhil , Agrawal Sushant , Kaur Japnoor , Gupta Somesh
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has increased disproportionately to STI services. It is uncertain how many residents trained in STI services continue them. This study assessed the self-rated quality of training and attitudes about STI services amongst residents of Indian teaching hospitals.

Materials and Methods:

In this descriptive cross-sectional survey study, opinions from Indian postgraduate trainee residents were sought in three domains of STIs- institutional STI management practices, quality and satisfaction with training, and attitude towards STI services.

Results:

A total of 225 responses were included. There was no separate area for STI services at centers of 51.6% of residents, and among those with separate STI posting, the duration was ≤2 months for 34.7%, with 59.6% wishing for its increase. Easily available bedside tests were used regularly when indicated by only 41.8%. Only 58.2% of respondents strictly ensured contact tracing and partner treatment. Only 65.8% of centers had provision of benzathine penicillin. Under-confidence in managing STIs independently was reported by 19.6%. Inadequate training was the second reason for wishing to discontinue STI services upon completion of training; with 71.5% wishing to continue STI practice. In univariate analysis, frequent point-of-care testing (P < 0.001), and >2 months of separate STI posting (P = 0.018) were associated with good satisfaction with STI training. Frequent point-of-care testing (P < 0.001), and male gender (P < 0.001) were associated with good confidence in independently managing STIs. Male gender (P = 0.038), having less reluctance in dealing with STI patients (P = 0.003), and good confidence in independently managing STIs (P = 0.008), was associated with willingness to continue STI practice.

Conclusions:

STI care is associated with reluctance. Current STI training in Indian teaching hospitals is less than desired and can lead to unwillingness amongst residents to practice STI services in the future. Having >2 months of separate STI posting, frequent point-of-care tests, and efforts to reduce reluctance when dealing with STI patients are steps that can improve the STI training experience of residents.
Clinical and Laboratory Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Reddy M. Thanoj K. , Kolalapudi Seetharam A. , Praveen Seva , Konala Subhashini , Rasajna Gunnam L. , Khutate Saloni S.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) appears to share some pathomechanisms with metabolic syndrome (MS), such as proinflammatory state, increased oxidative stress, changes in adipokine profile, and coagulation system activation.

Aim and Objectives:

To evaluate clinical and laboratory parameters of MS in CSU patients and to assess relationship of MS with duration and severity of CSU, Ig-E, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and autologous serum skin test (ASST).

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 131 CSU cases and 131 controls who were age- and sex-matched. Duration of the CSU and urticaria activity score (UAS) were noted. Waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), CRP, TSH, IgE, and ASST were noted. MS was considered according to Harmonization Asian criteria.

Results:

The percentage of patients with elevated clinical and laboratory parameters of MS was higher in cases compared to controls, in which WC, HDL, and TG were significantly elevated. MS was positive in 25.19% and 14.50% of cases and controls, respectively (P = 0.044). Cases with MS had a significant higher mean duration (16.60 months) than those without MS (8.81 months) (P = 0.004). MS was positive in 15.2%, 32.3%, and 36.4% of mild, moderate, and severe UAS patients, respectively (P = 0.095). Patients with increased TSH and CRP had a significantly higher percentage of MS (68.4% and 40.7%, respectively) than with normal TSH and CRP (15% and 19.4%, respectively) (P < 0.05), while it was not significant with respect to IgE and ASST.

Limitations:

Small sample size and it was a hospital-based study, therefore, all controls were from the patients attending our outpatient department only and could not be compared with the general population.

Conclusion:

MS is not uncommon in CSU patients. The duration of CSU, CRP levels, and TSH levels have a significant positive correlation with MS. Screening, along with regular surveillance of CSU patients, aids in the early detection of MS and minimizes the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Policy to Expand Accessing Antimalarial Drug Treatment in Papua Region-Indonesia: Who Should Be the Target?
Authors: Yuliasih Yuneu , Ipa Mara , Laksono Agung Dwi , Widayati Anis Nur , Rahayu Nita , Astuti Endang Puji
Published: December 2024

The Papua region of Indonesia faces a substantial burden of malaria cases. To broaden the understanding of factors influencing access to antimalarial drug treatment, researchers analyzed the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey data. Their examination encompassed demographics, socioeconomic elements, and transportation expenses. Notably, the study revealed that Papuan malaria patients in West Papua were 1.812 times more likely to receive anti-malarial drug treatment compared to those in Papua Province. In addition, individuals residing in rural areas and those not engaged in farming were more inclined to access treatment. Surprisingly, education level did not correlate with treatment accessibility, while individuals with higher wealth were less likely to receive treatment. Moreover, transportation costs did not pose a barrier to treatment access. The study underscores the importance of targeting specific demographics, including those in Papua Province, urban areas, and nonfarming occupations, to enhance the availability of anti-malarial treatment in the region.
Barriers to Uptake of Cataract Surgery in Central Chhattisgarh
Authors: Chatterjee Samrat , Mohata Nehal , Gangwe Anil Babanrao , Sahu Anupam , Agrawal Deepshikha
Published: December 2024

Background:

Understanding and addressing barriers to cataract surgery is important in increasing cataract surgical coverage. Barriers differ across time and place; therefore, periodic evaluation in the area of operation of an eye care provider is required.

Objectives:

The objective is to enumerate the barriers to cataract surgery in central Chhattisgarh.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among community outreach patients with cataract in 2022. Patients were selected through systematic random sampling.

Results:

Of the 2210 patients, 1026 completed the survey. Overall person-related barriers (65.3%) were more common than service-related barriers (34.7%). The different barriers were lack of escort (34.0%), cost of surgery (17.7%), lack of awareness of cataract (9.6%), fear of losing eyesight (6.8%), unfelt need (6.3%), waiting for outreach camp to happen in a close-by location (5.9%), waiting for the cataract to mature (4.6%), do not know where to go (3.9%), busy with work (3.7%), living far from the hospital (1.9%), need not felt - old age (1.7%), blindness is God’s will (1.4%), other health reasons (1.1%), being female (0.8%), and village not connected to the main road/lack of transport (0.6%). Person-related barriers were more common (P < 0.05) in female patients, illiterate patients, and those from a lower socio-economic class. Fear of losing eyesight was the most common barrier in patients who had poor vision following cataract surgery in the other eye.

Conclusion:

Person-related barriers were more common than service-related barriers for accessing eye care services. Important service-related barriers were the cost of surgery and lack of awareness about cataract.
Calamities, the Subsequent School Closure, and Their Impact on Adolescents’ Mental Health
Authors: Paslawar Srilatha K , Kallakuri Sudha , Yatirajula Sandhya Kanaka , Daniel Mercian , Maulik Pallab K
Published: December 2024

This article aims to understand the implications of calamities and the resulting school closures on the mental health of adolescents. The impact of calamities, such as natural disasters or pandemics, on school closures and adolescents’ mental health is complex. It is crucial to provide the necessary support, resources, and interventions to help adolescents navigate these challenging times and minimize the long-term impact on their mental well-being.
Recurrent Thyroid Cancer Management
Authors: Zhang Emily S. , Scharpf Joseph
Published: December 2024

This article examines the complexities of managing recurrent thyroid cancer, advocating for a personalized approach supported by multidisciplinary collaboration, and underlining that surgery is reserved for those with structural recurrence. The American Thyroid Association guidelines now utilize a dynamic risk assessment model that moves beyond traditional staging systems to account for therapeutic responses as part of predicting recurrences, including the significance of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels. Illustrative case studies underscore the importance of thorough preoperative evaluation and planning with imaging and Tg measurements. The use of intraoperative technology, such as nerve monitoring and parathyroid autofluorescence can also assist in better surgical outcomes. Ultimately, a collaborative approach within a thyroid-specific tumor board is presented as essential for optimizing patient care in complex thyroid cancer cases.
An Institutional Experience of Hematoma Management after Head-and-neck Oncosurgeries
Authors: Dhondge Rajendra , Hussain Mohsina , Shaikh Ahmer Arif A. , Roy Sirshendu , Nagarkar Raj
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Management of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma mainly consists of controlling the primary tumour and regional cervical nodal metastases if any. Surgical complications lead to increased hospital stay, further surgical interventions and sometimes a fatal outcome. Postoperative neck hematoma is one such potential and dreaded complication of head and neck surgeries leading to infection, airway obstruction, compression of the surrounding structures causing free flap failure or sometimes may even lead to death. Haematoma might arise from any of the unaddressed neck vessels or some major vessels in the primary site which were inadvertently injured.

Aims and Objectives:

Development of a checklist to minimise the incidence of haematoma.

Results:

Between August 2017 to March 2019 out of 548 patients operated and reconstructed with free flap, 24 patients (4.38%) had developed a post-operative haematoma. However, after following our protocol, the incidence of haematoma drastically decreased and out of 1234 patients operated between April 2019 to December 2022 only 14 patients (1.13%) developed haematoma of the neck.

Conclusion:

Though ours is a pilot study, we feel that our protocol is easy to follow, and we have applied it successfully in surgical practice and decreased the incidence of post-operative hematoma. We believe if the same protocol is followed and applied in surgical practice it will be of great help to all head-and-neck surgeons.
Predicting Length of Hospital Stay in Oral Cavity Cancer Surgery: A Nomogram-based Approach
Authors: Gopalkrishnan Sagarika , Singhavi Hitesh Rajendra , Nair Sudhir , Singh Arjun Gurmeet , Shetty Rathan , Kannan Sadhana , Chaturvedi Pankaj
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The objective of the study was to develop a nomogram for the prediction of length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients undergoing oral cavity cancer surgery.

Background:

LOS is an important indicator of patient recovery and healthcare resource utilization in OSCS. Several factors influence LOS, including patient-related, disease-related, and healthcare system-related factors.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed data from 874 OSCS patients treated at our institution between 2016 and 2020. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with LOS of more than 7 days. A nomogram was developed based on the significant factors.

Results:

The following factors were significantly associated with longer LOS: advanced tumor stage (odds ratio [OR] = 3.21, P < 0.001), type of reconstruction (free flap: OR = 2.43, P < 0.001; regional flap: OR = 1.82, P = 0.002), ASA grade ≥3 (OR = 1.67, P = 0.002), and extensive primary surgery (OR = 1.53, P = 0.012). The nomogram showed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.699.

Conclusion:

The nomogram developed in this study can be used to predict LOS in OSCS patients, which may help to optimize resource allocation and improve patient care.
Smart Materials in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Joshi Sourabh Ramesh , Thacker Sneh , Mopagar Viddyasagar Prabhakar , Padmawar Neeta Surendra , Patil Chaitra Krishnagouda , Pendyala Gowri Swaminatham
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the current utilization of smart materials in pediatric dentistry and evaluate their advantages, limitations, and future perspectives associated with their use.

Methods:

This review was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses. From January 2013 to January 2024, a systematic search for reference articles was conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. The population included children aged 3 to 14 who received smart material as a treatment modality. All titles and abstracts for the identified studies were reviewed to determine eligibility for inclusion.

Results:

A total of 100 articles from the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences database were found using the initial keyword searches. Duplicates were removed from the search and records written in English only were included. Title and abstract screening were done to the 80 remaining articles. Out of these, 18 articles were extracted for full-text eligibility after 72 articles had been excluded based on their titles and abstracts. 11 were eliminated following full-text screening because they did not meet the age requirement. Therefore, this review contained a total of 7 articles.

Conclusion:

Even though they are still in the early stages of development, these materials have the potential to revolutionise dental care in the future. Paediatric dentists must stay up-to-date with these innovations in order to fully utilise them and provide comprehensive, high-quality care.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Oxygen-releasing Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis: A Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Agarwal Shristi , Bali Shweta , Aggarwal Priyanka , Garg Amit , Nautiyal Aruna , Sharma Manish
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The aim of the study was to clinically and microbiologically evaluate the efficacy of an oxygen-releasing gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in chronic periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:

The study was in accordance with the ethical standards of the Indian Council of Medical Research. A total of selected 30 sites were divided into Group A (control) – SRP and Group B (Test) – SRP with oxygen-releasing gel. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 1, and 3 months. A plaque sample was sent for microbiological analysis (culture for colony count and polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) at baseline and 3 months. All Clinical and microbiological analysis were performed, and information was fed into an Excel® database for subsequent statistical analysis (SPSS 22.0).

Results:

A statistically significant difference in PI, GI, PPD, and CAL in both the groups was observed between baseline, 1, and 3 months (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparison showed a statistically higher significant reduction in PPD (3.60 ± 0.507 vs. 4.93 ± 0.594) and CAL ((3.60 ± 0.507 vs. 4.93 ± 0.594) in the test group when compared to the control group at 3 months from baseline. Reduction in colony count and PCR values of Porphyromonas gingivalis between baseline and 3 months was more in the test Group 3-month follow-up. However, no statistically significant difference was found in PI and GI between both groups.

Conclusion:

Oxygen-releasing gel, as an adjunct to SRP, is beneficial compared to scaling and root planning alone in chronic periodontitis.