bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Spatial Distribution of the Anopheles Mosquito for Malaria Risk Zoning Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Ohemeng Francis Danquah , Mukherjee Falguni
Published: February 2019

Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System was used to develop a spatial risk malaria distribution model based on environmental suitability for survival of the Anopheles gambie sp. Complex (A. arabiensis and A. gambae), the vector known to transmit malaria in Zimbabwe (Masendu, 1996). Employing geostatistical techniques, spatial analysis of environmental factors that contribute to the spread of the malaria vector was conducted to develop a malaria risk model that could be used in effective malaria control planning in Zimbabwe. The study was conducted in the Piriwiri, Umfuli and Magondi communal lands of Zimbabwe. A model was developed that defined malaria hot spots in the communal lands where attention must be given in developing plans and strategies for malaria control. Environmental data collected from satellite images and validated by fieldwork were used in the study. Based on expert knowledge, specific environmental factors favourable for Anopheles malaria vector were identified. This information was then used to predict the suitability of the area for the Anopheles mosquito using Indicator Kriging Algorithm (Isaacs et al., 1989). This method calculated the probability of exceeding an environmental indicator threshold (this allowed the prediction that a particular area (location) in the communal lands is suitable for the survival and spread of the Anopheles) and integrated them into a potential vector distribution model for the area. This model was used to determine areas that are potentially risky for malaria. Again the spatial distribution of malaria was calculated, based on clinical malaria data and accessibility to the clinics, and compared with the potential vector distribution zones to determine areas with high malaria risk. Except a few areas in Umfuli that were highly favourable for the Anopheles mosquito, most of the communal lands were not suitable for anopheles to survive indicating that malaria incidences are generally associated with highly favourable areas for the vector. Combining GIS and remote sensing applications with geostatistical analysis is a promising approach to define malaria risk areas in Zimbabwe. However, further quantitative research is necessary to validate the relationships within the malaria transmission system, especially on the vector and the human environment aspects.
A Paradigm of Improving Land Information Management
Authors: El-Ayachi Moha
Published: February 2019

The information on land is a basic resource at the economic, social, and industrial levels. Many approaches have been made to enhance integrating the geospatial technology, enable managing the geospatial features, and provide decision makers with capabilities for best land governance. The goal behind this chapter is to develop an approach dealing with a necessary paradigm of improving land information management. Such approach is made up of a series of the fundamental requirements and principles. The requirements encompass the fundamental geodetic network supporting spatial infrastructure, a series of large-scale maps, an integrated land administration system, and a basic conceptual core model for the land information system. The principles of the new paradigm will be discussed. To achieve such objective, the object oriented approach as an emerging methodology was followed to improve land administration and management.
Assembly, Space, and Things
Authors: Speranza Philip , Germany Jason O.
Published: February 2019

Each day as one notices more people walking along sidewalks, head down peering into smart phones, the fear is that social interaction in public space is dead. However, the integration of human and non-human processes may connect our communities now in more ways than ever before. New urban design theory suggests that “the city” may not be understood as a whole, rather as an assembly of dynamic urban processes. At many bike share systems around the world only static maps with limited interaction experience. Urban interaction design and the Internet of Things, is changing this experience. The interdisciplinary methodology describes a symbiosis of people, space and things. The significance is the integrated urban interaction design process of: urban design theory using classification of urban experience; geospatial analysis at the street-scale of point addresses, and fabrication of a test-bed kiosk to test ambient sensors and user interaction. Connectivity experienced in the virtual space of social media may now enter back into the physical realm of public space.
A Review of Methodological Integration in Land-Use Change Models
Authors: Dang Anh Nguyet , Kawasaki Akiyuki
Published: February 2019

Global change research communities are paying increasing attention to answering critical questions related to land-use change, questions which are at the root of many pressing socio-economic and environmental issues. In this regard, a huge number of models have been developed to support future land-use planning and environmental impact assessments of land-use change activities. Within land-use change models, methodological integration is recognized as an essential feature for a complete model, which can help to combine the strength of single modelling methods/techniques without inherent weaknesses. Despite the potential and remarkable growth of methodological integration in land-use change models, limited attention has been paid to this aspect of integration. In response to this, the authors' paper summarizes the current major land-use modelling methods/techniques, and explains the co-integration of these methods/techniques. In addition, they summarize the achievements, limitations and future trends in the use of the methodological integration approach in land-use change models.
Sedated by the Screen
Authors: Oliveira Lídia
Published: February 2019

The social use of time has been progressively affected by the presence of screen devices in people's daily lives. These devices are of various types: television, tablet, computer, smartphones, etc. However, all of these have a power of seduction that makes people want to use them. In reality, a significant part of tasks are mediated by screens, whether they are playful tasks, socializing, work or training. In this chapter, the authors reflect on some quasi-paradoxical situations triggered by screen time, which shows that one is sedated by the screen. Then, they present the results of a systematic review of the literature focused on the concept of “screen time,” which shows that the excessive use of the screen is causing various health problems, especially in children and young people. And, the results of two empirical studies are presented, one with young people between 12 and 18 years old, and the other with university students. The results of both studies demonstrate the need to develop competences in the management of the social use of time, that is, to develop time literacy.
Futurization of Thinking and Behavior
Authors: Sircova Anna , Scharf Angela E. , Kennedy Molly , Päivinen Pinja R.
Published: February 2019

This chapter is looking into the emerging concept of “futurization,” which is being used in the context of policy making; however, without clear definition, it creates ambiguous reactions. What does “futurization of politics,” “futurization of thinking,” or “futurization of behavior” actually mean? This chapter looked into the associations citizens or laypeople have with terms “future” and “futurization,” and what were their expressed and unexpressed hopes, dreams, fears, and anxieties. The study, using surveys and focus-groups, revealed a rather lifeless image, future without photosynthesis, without female presence, and overall a wasteland scenario. However, when speaking about “futurization” in comparison to “future,” there is much less inevitability, more personal agency, and both believe in and fear the technological advancement. The working definition of “futurization” is offered in the chapter as well as a comparative analysis of “future” vs. “futurization.” The implications for sustainability policymaking and curriculum development in education are discussed.
Measuring the Relationship Between Time Perspective and Well-Being
Authors: Kocayörük Ercan , Şimşek Ömer Faruk , Çelik Bekir , Buruk Pelin , Altintas Emin
Published: February 2019

The aim of this chapter is to examine the relations between time perspective and well-being considering two groups with different cultural backgrounds between Turkish and French. Instruments tapping into positive and negative affect, ontological well-being, flourishing, and five types of time perspective were administered to 615 late adolescents ages between 18 and 24 (Mean of age= 20.95, SD= 3.28). In this study, a recently created subjective well-being construct, known as ontological well-being (OWB), was utilized for measuring eudaimonic happiness based on time perspective in a cross-cultural study. Cluster analysis showed that Turkish people had higher levels of positive affect, negative affect, and psychological flourishing compared to French people, but the levels of regret and nothingness were similar in both groups. Differences between clusters in terms of negative affect were mainly driven by differences in ontological well-being (OWB).
Where the R's Are
Authors: Campbell Carol Lynn , Sabie Jr Robert
Published: February 2019

Campus recycling staff at New Mexico State University requested recommendations for locations of additional bins. The author seized the opportunity to answer this inherently geographic question by designing a senior-graduate level special topics course. Students who enrolled designed a mapping activity for freshman students which would introduce them to geographic data collection and analysis. Students mapped bins on paper campus maps and with GPS units. Researchers produced a population density surface and created a surface of linear distance to a recycling bin, and a locational-ranking surface that identified areas that would benefit from new/additional recycle bins. A total of 192 outdoor trash bins and 17 outdoor recycle bins were identified. Results identified eight locations for addition of new bins. Recommendations based on this experience include a broad approach to recycling and geographic education that emphasizes sustainability and the importance of the reduce, reuse, recycle, the 3 R's.
Unstructured Healthcare Data Archiving and Retrieval Using Hadoop and Drill
Authors: Yue Hang
Published: February 2019

A healthcare hybrid Hadoop ecosystem is analyzed for unstructured healthcare data archives. This healthcare hybrid Hadoop ecosystem is composed of some components such as Pig, Hive, Sqoop and Zoopkeeper, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), MapReduce and HBase. Also, Apache Drill is applied for unstructured healthcare data retrieval. This article will discuss the combination of Hadoop and Drill for data analysis applications. Based on the analysis of Hadoop components, (including HBase design) and the case studies of Drill query design regarding different unstructured healthcare data, the Hadoop ecosystem and Drill are valid tools to integrate and access voluminous complex healthcare data. They can improve the healthcare systems, achieve savings on patient care costs, optimize the healthcare supply chain and infer useful knowledge from noisy and heterogeneous healthcare data sources.
Following the Trail of eSports
Authors: Vera José Agustín Carrillo , Terrón Juan Miguel Aguado , García Salvador Gómez
Published: February 2019

Despite eSports' relatively long history, the attention paid by academia to this phenomenon has been much more recent and is still in an embryonic state in all of the views. The scientific production has grown because of the global success associated with the widespread growth of live events and the large following of competitions retransmitted via streaming. This article aims to offer a literature review of the research carried out on eSports to date, based upon a systematic review on the sample of selected research. The results confirm the growing variety of approaches to the issue, but also a clear dominance of computer science perspectives rather than to sport science or game studies. While showing some balance between qualitative and quantitative approaches, the prevalence of theoretical perspectives may be taken as a sign of struggle for consolidation as a field. Finally, a discussion about main matters and an author and institution average profile are also provided.
Informal Language Learning Through Mobile Instant Messaging Among University Students in Korea
Authors: Pooley Aaron William , Midgley Warren , Farley Helen
Published: February 2019

Mobile technologies and platforms that facilitate communication across different languages are increasingly relevant in a world characterised by the global flows of diverse populations and disparate digital environments. This qualitative study explores communication between native and non-native speakers of Korean, mediated through mobile instant messaging in the sophisticated digital environment of South Korea. This article reports on two studies that examined the experiences of English-speaking language instructors (Study 1) and international students (Study 2) in a private university situated in South Korea during 2012 and 2015, respectively. This is done by focusing on face-to-face and screen-to-screen communication, and the co-dependencies arising between language instructors and international students. Between 2012 and 2015, large upgrades in the local digital environment saw the emergence of ubiquitous low cost or free high-speed Wi-Fi coverage and a near universal national adoption of a local mobile instant messaging service. The participants in Study 2 were widely found to be digitally literate and demonstrated an acuity with mobile instant messaging. They developed creative solutions for communication and language learning by blending sociolinguistic and linguistic competencies within mobile instant messaging chat rooms. This article highlights the changes that have occurred between 2012 and 2015 and demonstrates the need for further research into how mobile instant messaging services support communication between people from different language and culture backgrounds, particularly for people without access to formal language instruction.
The Research Field of Reality Environments in Education
Authors: Norlund Anita
Published: February 2019

Reality technologies are being introduced in schools due to high anticipated or claimed educational benefits. This article explores the reliability of foundations of such claims for use of three kinds of technology-based ‘environments': virtual, augmented and mixed reality. It is a follow-up of a previous stage in a research review and includes 35 articles. A variety of problematic issues appear, among which can be found ‘false dichotomies,' ‘lack of precision' and ‘neuromyths.' Examples are also given of fruitful approaches.
Deriving Competitive Foresight Using an Ontology-Based Patent Roadmap and Valuation Analysis
Authors: Trappey Amy J.C. , Trappey Charles V. , Chang Ai-Che , Li Jason X.K.
Published: February 2019

An ontology-based patent roadmap and valuation analysis approach provides competitive foresights for a corporation's associated patent portfolios and the underlying business processes. To demonstrate the methodology and computer supported analysis system, the patent portfolios of two global smart e-retailers are compared. The patents in each company's portfolio are text mined and categorized based on the smart retailing ontology schema. Both cases' text mining results are plotted as patent portfolio roadmaps, linking patents to innovation categories, commercial applications, and business process models. The three-dimensional (3-D) patent valuation analysis method provides foresights of the companies' competitive advantages related to “patent scope” (PS), “patent importance” (PI), and “patent innovation” (PIN). The research implements a computer supported system to provide evidence how companies utilize patent portfolios as key strategies for protecting business related intellectual properties (IPs) while implementing sustainable and competitive business processes.
Exposing Social Data as Linked Data in Education
Authors: Rajabi Enayat , Greller Wolfgang
Published: February 2019

According to recent studies, the social interactions of users such as sharing, rating, and reviewing can improve the value of digital learning objects and resources on the web. Linked data techniques, on the other hand, make different kinds of data available and reusable for other applications on the web. Exposing (meta)data, especially with a complex structure, as resource description framework (RDF) requires an ontology to bring all the data types under one umbrella. In this article, the authors propose an ontology in which social activities of users are exposed as linked data by reusing existing vocabularies. The proposed ontology has been implemented in a federated open educational resources (OER) portal, in which they published ratings, shares, comments, and other social activities assigned to around 1,000 OERs. This exposure allows other datasets, including harvested repositories, to explore the exposed social data related to e-learning objects according to the users' social engagement.
Measuring and Exploring Factors of Shared Leadership in the Context of Indian IT Sector
Authors: Agnihotri Alka , Kapoor Shikha
Published: February 2019

This research article explores the factors of shared leadership in IT sector in India. A reliable and a valid scale for the measurement of shared leadership (Scale for Measuring Shared Leadership, SMSL) is therefore developed as the previous researches brought to light the requirement of such scales which relate to the Indian IT sector. An attempt is made to reduce large number of variables, studied in relation to the shared leadership from various books and research journals, to a few workable factors and analyse how the factors derived explain the latent construct of shared leadership in the context of IT sector in India. The article also explores the factors of shared leadership using the factorial analysis of the data collected from teams working in the IT sector in India. It is a team level study of shared leadership in IT sector with a focus on obtaining the factors by using the factor analysis method on IBM SPSS. The various variables by which researchers have tried to explain the construct of shared leadership were collected from secondary sources which were then used to develop a questionnaire. The questionnaire was pilot tested and its reliability and validity was evaluated thereafter. Data collected was put to factor analysis through SPSS software to obtain the factors explaining the shared leadership construct in the context of the Indian IT sector. Numerous variables were reduced to few factors. With their help, these factors of the shared leadership in IT sector could be explained as a construct. The findings of this article also include explanation of the variations in the construct of shared leadership in IT sector and which factors contribute in what order to these variations.
E-Satisfaction Estimation
Authors: Anshu Kumari , Gaur Loveleen
Published: February 2019

In this competitive atmosphere, internet marketing serves as an effective alternate trade network that businesses can focus on to get direct access to their target customers. Online buying facilitates shoppers to purchase goods and services right away from the merchants over the internet and without human interference. Consumers find produce of their preference with just click of a button. A complete series of merchandise from various dealers with their prices get exhibited to the buyers for their choice. But, is competitive prices and good product features sufficient for the buyers for their buying decisions? This article attempts to answer this ambiguous condition and try to realize the vital aspects for buyers' satisfaction. A customer satisfaction index (ECCSI) is studied to comprehend the features of online satisfaction and with a comparative analysis using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS (IFT), these different e-satisfaction indices are ranked to get an overall view of preferences of the customers.
Applying Fuzzy Clustering to Examine Marketing Strategy of Tourism Brand in Mobile Internet Era
Authors: Jin Yuping
Published: February 2019

Mobile internet technology is the development of modern communication technology and internet technology, which guides the progress of modern communication and the information field. It enables most users to access the internet easily with just a mobile phone through a powerful and convenient mobile network. Compared with the traditional ways of television advertising and television broadcasting, there is a clear advantage to expand the development of tourism by using the mobile internet. Therefore, it is important to study the development of tourism industry in the context of the mobile internet era. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of mobile internet, and its impact on the tourism industry, this article uses the intelligent push algorithm based on fuzzy K-means clustering to construct the similarity matrix. Then, the efficiency is pushed, and reasonable information is sent to users by the calculated degree of interest. In this way, people can realize a more perfect tourism development strategy based on the background of the mobile internet era.
Influence Factors of Online Shopping Food Quality Performance Considering the Relationship Quality
Authors: Li Xiaoping , Xie Lijuan , Xu Lan
Published: February 2019

Most of the existing research relating to online shopping are focused on the analysis of customers' purchase intention and loyalty, but lack influencing factors on the quality performance of online shopping food. This article introduces the relationship quality, and constructs a model of relationship quality, logistics service quality, information sharing, supplier quality management and quality performance. This is done through an empirical study, taking 145 online food businesses as an example. At the same time, the relationship quality not only has an effect on the quality performance through information sharing, logistics service quality and supplier quality management, but also has an indirect effect on quality performance through information sharing and logistics service quality or information sharing and supplier quality management.
Analysis and Design of Operational Amplifier Stability Using Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion
Authors: Wang Jian Long , Adhikari Gopal , Kobayashi Haruo , Tsukiji Nobukazu , Hirano Mayu , Kurihara Keita , Nagahama Akihito , Noda Ippei , Yoshii Kohji
Published: February 2019

This paper proposes to use Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion for analysis and design of the operational amplifier stability; this can lead to explicit stability condition derivation for operational amplifier circuit parameters, and this is very effective to understand which parameter values should be increased or decreased for the operational amplifier stability. The proposed method has been verified by three amplifiers with theoretical analysis and SPICE simulations for three operational amplifier examples.
A Study on Physically Based Maximum Electric Field Modeling Used for HCI Induced Degradation Characteristic of LDMOS
Authors: Tsukiji Nobukazu , Aoki Hitoshi , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: February 2019

This paper describes a physically based maximum electric field model of laterally diffused MOSFET (LDMOS) transistors under the condition of high current injection effect used for reliability and aging simulations. LDMOSFETs work under high-voltage and large-current biases, where electric field increases with the biases at the gate edge. We present formulations, implementations into SPICE simulators and measurement verifications of our physically based maximum electric field model.
To the Question of Studying the Regimes of Electro-Plasma Processing of Technogenic Wastes of Incineration Plants of the PRC for the Production of Melt and Fibrous Materials
Authors: Buyantuev S.L. , Kondratenko A.S. , Blagochinnov S.A.
Published: February 2019

The article presents the results of melting industrial waste incineration plants in China in electric arc plasma and demonstrated the possibility of melting the wastes in podrihtovali for production of a melt and producing fibrous materials based on it.Studies were carried out by optical and electron microscopy, spectral and x-ray analysis, as well as by capillary electrophoresis to determine the cation-anion composition. For processing of ash the electromagnetic technological reactor in which its melting was made was used. The presented melting unit made it possible to smoothly regulate the temperature and keep it at the outlet of the jet from the Letka, which made it possible to reduce the power consumption for the production of melt and fiber production. The experiments on melting showed a high gas content in the process of melting of the waste. Therefore, initially, to study the possible composition of the gas, the TERRA program modeling the process of ash melting with the release of gas was used, and the reactor parameters were calculated to determine the effective power and specific energy consumption. Thus, the purpose of the tasks was to obtain a homogeneous melt with associated purification of waste gases, followed by an analysis of its material composition, as well as the production of a thin mineral fiber to produce heat-insulating materials of the fibrous structure.
Justification of the Water-Cement Ratio Decision for Cement Mixtures Using CBPB Wastes
Authors: Ezerskiy V. , Kuznetsova N.V. , Seleznev A.D.
Published: February 2019

An unconventional approach to the design of cement mixtures with the addition of cement bonded particle board (CBPB) production waste is presented, which is characterized by high water consumption. For various compositions of fine-grained concrete prepared in accordance with the simplex-lattice design of the experiment, compressive strength and bending, as well as density of the samples, depending on the mixture factors, were researched. The fractions of CBPB wastes, water and sand at constant cement consumption were chosen as the influencing factors. For practical purposes, related to the design of cement composite compositions with the addition of CBPB wastes and with the determination of optimal values of the selected factors, mathematical models have been constructed on the basis of laboratory experiment data and with their help, the optimal ratios of components in the mixture have been determined. It was found that the content of water for the mixture mixing in the mixture has a significant effect on the strength characteristics of composites: increase of the strength of materials with a decrease in the water-cement ratio is a characteristic for compositions with the minimum amount of CBPB waste; increasing the content of the CBPB waste in the mixture the increase of the water-cement ratio leads to gain in strength. Optimal ratios of the mixture components providing maximum utilization of CBPB waste without loss of strength of composites are given.
Autoclave Composites Containing Ferriferous Industrial By-Products
Authors: Fomin A. , Khavanov P. , Kozhukhova M.I.
Published: February 2019

Current conditions of new advanced materials production impose the application of industrial wastes from iron-ore deposits as a prospective component for building materials. A great potential of the wastes utilization found in autoclave building materials. Therefore, the effect of the ferriferous mineral admixture hematite Fe2O3 as a main component of iron-ore wastes on phase and structure formation in binder under autoclave curing as well as physical and mechanical characteristics was studied in this research. The optimal content of Fe2O3 and autoclave regime, forming hydrosilicates with ferrous components inclusion can increase strength performance of autoclave silicate composite. SEM and XRD were used in this study to analyze the microstructural and chemical characteristics. The presence of ferriferous components in the lime-silica binder system causes an increase of low-basic calcium hydrosilicates formation like 11Ǻ-tobermorite as well as formation of ferrous hydrogarnets in form of dendroid aggregates. The optimal amount of the mineral admixture Fe2O3 in the lime-silica binder was found to be 5% that provides the 13% boost of compressive strength.
Non-Autoclaved Aerated Concrete on the Basis of Composite Binder Using Technogenic Raw Materials
Authors: Lesovik Valery S. , Elistratkin M.Y. , Glagolev E.S. , Voronov V.V. , Absimetov M.V.
Published: February 2019

Non-autoclaved aerated concrete certain advantages are significantly lower production organization costs and technology energy intensity due to the lack of autoclave curing, the possibility of different scales industries foundation as well as monolithic construction applications. All of this allows to solve complex problems of various purposes buildings erection, heat and noise insulation. Portland cement consumption significant reduction and material properties management can be achieved through use of composite binders containing local natural and technogenic components selected on the basis of their genesis and properties. The applicability of heavy concrete and ceramic bricks processing wastes as well as such large-tonnage extraction of iron ore as sandstones granulation selection as mineral additive for non-autoclaved aerated concrete production as well as a number of accompanying issues of the of a high-quality pore space structures formation control are considered in the present article.
On the Impact Caused by Titanium Dioxide of Different Trademarks on the Properties of Intumescent Fire-Protective Coatings
Authors: Ustinov A.A. , Zybina O.A. , Andreev A.V.
Published: February 2019

The paper overviews the process of thermolysis of fire-retardants based on melamine, ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythtritol and containing titanium dioxide of different trademarks. The role of titanium dioxide as a component of fire-retardants is revised. Titanium dioxide was perceived only as white pigment, but this paper states that the properties of a charred layer forming from an intumescent coating depend on the properties of titanium dioxide's species, such as surface treatment and crystalline structure. This statement is proven by using thermal analysis of intumescents with different titanium dioxide's trademarks; it shows that rutile titanium dioxide helps forming a charred layer with the highest thermal stability thus fire retardant efficiency grows up. It means that the knowledge of processes which occur in intumescents based on primary products with different qualities helps to create fire-protective compositions which will perform more reliable in case of fire.
The Dependence of the Aggregate Stability to Concrete of Modifying Additives Based on Halloysite Nanotubes in Water Environment on the Character of the Stabilizer
Authors: Lukutsova N.P. , Kulesh I.A. , Golovin S.N. , Andrushin S.A.
Published: February 2019

The stabilizer nature effect on the aggregative stability of the modifying concrete additives based on halloysite nanotubes in the aquatic environment is shown. The chemical composition and morphology of halloysite nanotubes and their additives, obtained by ultrasonic dispersion in the aquatic environment of the surfactant, are studied. The influence on the processes of charge stabilization on the outer and inner surface of halloysite nanotubes is determined. The dependence of nanotube sizes and specific surface area on the stabilizer type, the time of ultrasonic dispersion, and additive storage is revealed. The stabilization mechanisms of aqueous dispersions of modifying additives based on halloysite nanotubes with anion-and cation-active substances are considered. It is established that the polynaphthalenesulfonate-based modifier S-3 has got the maximum efficiency as a stabilizer of aqueous dispersions of modifying concrete additives with halloysite nanotubes.
Theoretical Basis of Formation Highly Organized Porous Structure of Aerated Concrete
Authors: Suleymanova L.A. , Pogorelova I.A. , Marushko M.V.
Published: February 2019

Theoretical principles of the formation of highly organized porous structure of cellular concrete are developed, based on model concepts of the dynamics of the expanding gas cavity in the liquid phase as a single control cell. The peculiarities of controlling the formation of cellular structure of aerated concrete based on the balance of forces in a three-phase disperse system on the model "gas pore - molding mixture" are revealed and a coalescing-aggregate scheme for porosity formation of the aerated concrete mixture is proposed. It is shown that, in accordance with the refined Rayleigh-Plesset equation, the determining factor in the formation of the cellular structure of aerated concrete is the pressure over the mixture to be poroused, the effect of the porosity being achieved by reducing the external pressure to the vacuum level. The division of pores by size in anaerated concrete mixture is proposed. The maximum pore size is determined by the capillary Laplace constant. The prospects of aerated concrete technology are associated with a decrease in the maximum and average size of cellular pores, as well as methods for eliminating pores of air entrainment and segmented pores. Reducing of the size of the pores will be reflected in the decrease of the Bond quantity and in the increase of the importance of capillary forces in the formation of the porous structure of aerated concrete. The concepts of the types of cellular structures are developed, depending on the average density and their boundaries for cellular concrete are established.
Development of Wear-Resistant Materials Based on Polytetrafluoroethylene and Carbon Fibers of UVIS-AK-P Brand
Authors: Markova M.A. , Petrova P.N.
Published: February 2019

The present paper considers the influence of various technological approaches, based on the application of joint mechanochemical processing of composite components and ultrasonic action, on the performance of composites based on PTFE and discrete carbon fibers of UVIS-AK-P brand. It is established that the use of a certain method of energy deposition on the composite components for the complex enhancement of physical-mechanical and tribological properties depends on the concentration of carbon fibers (CF) in polymer matrix. As a result of the joint mechanoactivation treatment of the components in the planetary mill for 2 minutes, an improvement in physical-mechanical and tribotechnical properties of PTFE with CF concentration of 5 wt.% is observed. An improvement at concentration of 3 wt.% of CF is detected during ultrasonic treatment of PCM components.
Development of Ballistic Protection from Composition Material on the Basis of Aluminum
Authors: Chernyshov E.A. , Romanov I.D. , Romanov A.D.
Published: February 2019

In this paper a possibility of application of disperse-strengthened composite aluminum material as a ballistic protection is discussed. Experimental results of tests with bullet (PAB-9) are presented. Experiments were carried on with alloy based on A6 strengthened with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles. We present the experimental result of the development of welding technology of disperse-strengthened alloy Al-Al2O3obtained with internal oxidation method. It was shown that under optimal conditions welding seam are free from macro-defects. We showed that the disperse-strengthened composite material as a part of ballistic protection exhibit significant increase of resistance against bullet penetration. This composite material can be used in structural elements because it does not suffer from destruction as opposed to ceramic materials. Mentioned above properties makes disperse-strengthened composite aluminum alloy a promising material for ballistic protection.
Development of Frost-Resistant Rubber Based on Epichlorohydrin Rubber of Hydrin T6000 Brand
Authors: Haldeeva A.R. , Davydova M.L. , Sokolova M.D.
Published: February 2019

The results of development of frost-resistant rubber based on epichlorohydrin rubber (ECHR) of Hydrin T6000 brand of Zeon Chemicals L.P. (USA) are described in the present work. The properties of ECHRs are determined by the nature of the structural units that constitute the macromolecules. The absence of olefinic functionality in the main chain gives ECHR the resistance to heat, oxygen, ozone and other factors. The presence of chlorine causes the high resistance of Hydrin T6000 rubber to the effect of hydrocarbon media (oils, fuels, fats, waxes, solvents), and the presence of oxygen atoms helps to maintain the flexibility and elasticity of materials at low temperatures. Hydrin T6000 rubber has the lowest glass transition temperature (Tgt= -60 ° C) from all the epichlorohydrin rubber brands, high oil resistance, increased heat and ozone resistance, and, therefore, attracts researchers' interest as a promising rubber for the development of frost-resistant rubber with sealing capability. The paper presents the formulation of rubbers based on Hydrin T6000 and the results of studies of their physical and mechanical properties. Analysis of the data revealed that the obtained rubber has excellent frost resistance, increased oil resistance at a satisfactory level of residual deformation after compression and strength characteristics. Thus, Hydrin T6000 has established itself as a promising rubber for manufacturing frost-resistant rubber with sealing function and will provide increased reliability and durability of equipment operation in extreme conditions of cold climate in Russia.
Research of Thermoplastics Turning after Workpiece Ultrasonic Treatment
Authors: Erenkov O.Yu. , Kovalchuk S.A. , Khimukhin S.N.
Published: February 2019

The results of experimental studies of a new method for turning billets from thermoplastic polymers such as caprolon and fluoroplastic are presented. The technical essence of the method is in workpiece advanced processing by ultrasonic vibrations using preliminary machining. Experimental studies were carried out on a lathe which is equipped with an ultrasonic oscillatory system. Roughness level profilograms of the caprolon and fluoroplastic treated surfaces are used for visual and operational control of the turning process. The results of the experimental verification of the developed method confirmed the expediency of its implementation since the use of advanced ultrasonic treatment during turning of thermoplastics leads to a decrease in the roughness level of the treated surface of the part as evidenced by the values ​​of roughness parameters and the type of chips obtained.
Study of Structure and Optical Density of Track Membranes
Authors: Pavlenko V.I. , Cherkashina N.I. , Manaev V.A.
Published: February 2019

This work presents research results of surface, including optical characteristics of poly (ethylene terephthalate) film under the influence of heavy ion radiation and following chemical etching for use as light filter. The optical density of the films and track membranes was determined in the wavelength range of 310-990 nm. Optical density measurements were carried out with gap of 50 nm. Track membrane was researched with the track diameters of 300 nm and concentration of 4·108см-1. It is determined, that the optical density of the initial film and irradiated are comparatively low in the entire researched wavelength range and does not exceed the value of 0.1. It is shown that for the track membrane in the ultraviolet region there is a sharp rise in the optical density values, at the wavelength of 650 nm to the maximum value, and the values gradually decrease in visible color and continue to decrease in the IR region.
Wood-Polymer Composite for the Manufacture of Sleepers
Authors: Kondrashchenko Valerii I. , Jing Guo Qing , Wang Chuang
Published: February 2019

Compared with traditional railway sleepers, composite sleepers have prominent advantages in performance design and sustainable development, which make these kinds of sleepers preferred development direction for sleeper industry. However, there are great differences between physical and mechanical properties of composite sleeper that produced all over the world, which lead to the problem of searching rational parameters for composite sleeper. By comprehensively using design of experiments and optimization theory, rational parameters of composite railway sleeper are studied in this paper.
Composite Binder for Structural Cellular Concrete
Authors: Elistratkin M.Y. , Glagolev E.S. , Absimetov M.V. , Voronov V.V.
Published: February 2019

Non-autoclaved aerated concrete is the only viable alternative to gas silicate when organizing its manufacture on the basis of regional small and medium capacity production. This aims to improvement the competitive situation on the building materials market and optimizing the construction costs. The possibility of expanding the application field of this material due to the increase in strength characteristics while maintaining an unchanged average density is of special interest. The guarantee of proposed solutions economic and technical efficiency is the transition from traditional portland cement to composite binders based on it. The article discusses the quantity and composition of the mineral supplements feasibility to optimize the binder properties of the problem peculiarities to reduce consumption of cement and chemical modifiers that increase the rate of curing and totals of non-autoclaved aerated concrete investigated compatibility issues between components to eliminate their negative impact on the formation of porous structure of the final product.
Determination of Specific Failure Work on Compact Steel Samples
Authors: Abdulganiev M.R. , Khasanov R.N. , Gafarova V.A.
Published: February 2019

For critical structures in the oil and gas refining, petrochemical and chemical industries, it is necessary to determine the value of mechanical characteristics. In the present paper we consider issues related to the determination of the mechanical characteristics of structural materials using compact samples. Basically, current values ​​of the mechanical properties of materials are determined by measuring hardness using existing empirical dependences that combine hardness values ​​with yield limit and tensile strength values. But such dependencies are not universal and require experimental verification. The need for compact samples application occurs during determination of the reasons of equipment failure, when the size of a fragment of broken down equipment does not allow producing standard samples for traditional testing performance. The application of empirical dependencies for determination of hardness mechanical characteristics is complicated by the fact that it is necessary to take into account the degree of the material degradation. This, in its turn, requires additional studies. The key issue in determining the accuracy of measurements on compact samples is the role of the surface in the formation of fracture focal points. The experiments were carried out on thin steel samples and the mechanical characteristics were determined on Instron 8801 dynamometer unit. It was shown that in case of increase of thickness of the samples that underwent tension testing, the fracture work varies according to the power law.
Composite Building Materials with the Use of Phosphogypsum
Authors: Abramenko A.A. , Soloveva E.A. , Savenkova E.A.
Published: February 2019

Nowadays waste dumps of phosphogypsum take about 1500 hectares of fertile land and amount to 300 mln tonnes. Existing methods of processing are too labour-and energy-consuming, what didn’t lead to widespread use of phosphogypsum. Phosphogypsum waste continue to be stored in waste dumps, disperse on the wind and create ecological problem in the regions of storage. Authors of this article have developed non-burning technology of production of composite building materials based on phosphogypsum. Basic technology steps include: mixing of dry components in the temperature above 60°C, adding slacked lime, hydro-mechanical-and-chemical activation in the laboratory mixer in the temperature above 60°C, shaping and pressing under pressure. Economic efficiency of this technology is conditioned by usage of inexpensive raw materials (the basic component is phosphogypsum, which is finely dispersed bulk waste of chemical industry), reduction of energy and labour costs of building materials production. Currently in the Yu.M. Borisov’s VGTU center were conducted laboratory research of building materials based on phosphogypsum, completed work on technology parameters, and started tests for obtaining first industrial samples from composite materials with a usage of phosphogypsum.
Investigation of Formation Features of Sulphide Inclusions and their Distribution inside the Grain Depending upon the Conditions of Steel 20 Deoxidation
Authors: Gamanyuk S.B. , Kirilichev M.V. , Babin G.V.
Published: February 2019

The paper reports laboratory test findings on the impact of steel oxidation level on distribution features of non-metallic inclusions in low-alloyed structural steels. An analysis of the effect of various oxidation methods of steel on the distribution and formation of non-metallic inclusions is made. The results reveal a relation between the amount of sulphide and oxisulphide inclusions formed and steel oxidation level. The release of oxisulphide from the melt is accompanied with a decrease in the amount of both oxygen and sulphur. After oxygen content has achieved an equilibrium value, only “pure” sulphides are formed, which may deteriorate steel plastic properties. Thus, sulphides start precipitating only when oxygen content in the melt falls to a very low value. An increase in the amount of oxysulphides is accompanied with a decrease in sulphur concentration in the melt which reduces sulphide phase concentration at grain boundaries and stabilizes plastic properties. Thus the negative effect of sulphur can be reduced not only by decreasing its content in steel through expensive secondary steelmaking methods but also by controling the amount, shape and types of oxide, sulphide and oxisulphide inclusions in steel.
Investigation of the Influence of the Chemical Composition of Tubular Steels on the Features of the Formation of Phase Constituents during the Solidification of Continuously Cast Billets by Computer Simulation
Authors: Chubukov M.Yu. , Rutskii D.V. , Zuyban N.A.
Published: February 2019

The paper presents the results of modeling the features of the formation of the main phase constituents and carbide phases during solidification and cooling of a continuously cast billet from low carbon pre-peritectic and peritectic steels used for the production of seamless pipes. As a result of calculation using the software system Fact Sage, it was found that with a carbon content in the range from 0.04% to 0.20%, and when vanadium and niobium carbide elements are introduced into the composition of carbide-forming elements of mass fraction to 0.08%, a change occurs phase composition of steels in different temperature ranges. Positive dynamics in the part of increasing the content of δ-ferrite and narrowing of the crystallization interval by transferring steel to the pre-peritectic class are noted. The temperature intervals for the separation of carbide and carbon-nitride phases in steels with different chemical compositions have been established. A comparative study of steels with manganese-vanadium / manganese-vanadium-niobium and steels with a manganese-silicon alloying system showed a significant difference in the separation of carbonitride phases in the temperature range 1200-800 ° C due to the formation of high-temperature constituents.