bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El último episodio en materia de recorte de pensiones en el sur de Europa: Las distintas interpelaciones constitucionales
Authors: Ortiz González-Conde Francisco Miguel
Published: October 2022

La relación entre las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos del sur de Europa y sus exámenes de constitucionalidad no ha sido fácil, como atestigua el paradigmático caso portugués. Entre las medidas recientes adoptadas para contener el gasto público, España e Italia incluyeron la suspensión de la revalorización de pensiones en 2012 (y 2013). Sin embargo, ha pasado inadvertido que la coincidencia cronológica de estas medidas ha obligado a sus respectivos Tribunales Constitucionales a pronunciarse al respecto, con distinto desenlace. Este artículo nace con el objetivo de poner en contacto ambas situaciones, analizándolas desde un punto de vista comparado, en primer lugar, introduciendo la materia a través de los fundamentos de los mecanismos de revalorización de pensiones, las dinámicas de funcionamiento de ambas figuras jurídicas y las experiencias previas en suspensión de la revalorización, y, en segundo lugar, con los planteamientos jurídicos de ambos recursos de inconstitucionalidad, las ratio decidendi de ambas sentencias, y finalmente las críticas doctrinales suscitadas.
Inserción de universitarios y prácticas: ¿Un «festín» de «(falsos) becarios» y «(falsos) aprendices»?
Authors: De la Casa Quesada Susana
Published: October 2022

Es una opinión compartida que la realización de «prácticas académicas externas» –tanto curriculares como extracurriculares– por estudiantes universitarios añade valor para su formación y, en una configuración teórica, pero razonable, construye un puente relevante, una vía de transición, hacia su inserción en el mercado de trabajo, evitando así el bucle en el que se encuentran los que no encuentran su primer empleo por carecer de experiencia profesional, cuya carencia deriva, a su vez, de no hallar su primer empleo. La nueva ordenación de las enseñanzas universitarias oficiales, surgida del proceso de construcción del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (Ley Orgánica 4/2007, de 12 de abril, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 6/2001, de 21 de diciembre, de Universidades), puso un especial énfasis en la figura de las prácticas externas universitarias. Así, el artículo 12.2 del Real Decreto 1393/2007, de 29 de octubre, exige que todos los planes de estudios de grado contengan «la formación teórica y práctica que el estudiante deba adquirir», haciendo mención expresa, en este punto, a las denominadas «prácticas externas». El Real Decreto 1791/2010, de 30 de diciembre, de Estatuto del Estudiante Universitario reguló también las prácticas académicas externas.
Acuerdos de interés profesional y negociación colectiva: ¿«Falsos» o «verdaderos» convenios?
Authors: Miñarro Yanini Margarita
Published: October 2022

Como evidenciara la doctrina científica pionera en el análisis monográfico de la nueva relación de prestación de servicios profesionales bajo la modalidad de autónomos económicamente dependientes (TRADE, para la mayoría de analistas de esta figura; «TRAUDE» para algún sector doctrinal), el reconocimiento legislativo de un nuevo tipo de acuerdos colectivos reguladores de condiciones de empleo y de trabajo adaptado a aquella singular figura profesional (art. 13 Estatuto del Trabajo Autónomo –ETAU–) constituye una de las mayores innovaciones del ETAU. En esta modalidad de acuerdos se refleja la necesidad de compensar la mayor vulnerabilidad de este colectivo de autónomos respecto de la figura común, pues la dependencia económica conlleva una paralela mayor debilidad en su posición contractual que, al igual que lo que sucede respecto del tipo trabajo asalariado, requiere equilibrarse mediante el ejercicio de poderes de autonomía colectiva. Consecuentemente, y pese a la remisión del artículo 13.4 del ETAU a un pacto «al amparo de las disposiciones del Código Civil», y su mera eficacia limitada y contractual –la «eficacia personal de dichos acuerdos se limitará a las partes firmantes y, en su caso, a los afiliados a las asociaciones de autónomos o sindicatos firmantes que hayan prestado expresamente su consentimiento para ello»–, la lógica inspiradora de los mismos, su finalidad es tributaria del paradigma de regulación del trabajo por cuenta ajena y dependiente, pues pretende corregir, en diverso grado, la autonomía individual por la autonomía colectiva como garantía efectiva de un razonable equilibrio de las prestaciones entre los sujetos contratantes.
Protección por desempleo y medidas de inserción de desempleados de larga duración
Authors: García Romero M.ª Belén
Published: October 2022

El desempleo de larga duración, que afecta a casi tres millones de personas, es uno de los graves problemas del mercado de trabajo español. Por ello, en el presente trabajo se analiza este fenómeno desde un doble punto de vista. En primer lugar, el foco se pone en las medidas de protección social destinadas a ofrecer una cobertura económica a dicho colectivo (prestación y subsidios por desempleo y otras ayudas asistenciales extraordinarias: RAI, PREPARA, PAE). En segundo lugar, se presta atención a las medidas dirigidas al fomento de su inserción laboral. Al respecto, se advierte una tendencia creciente a vincular las prestaciones por desempleo con las políticas activas de empleo. En este plano, se examinan los programas que utilizan la prestación o el subsidio por desempleo como palanca para incentivar la contratación de tales desempleados como trabajadores por cuenta ajena, y de manera particular, los incentivos al autoempleo o emprendimiento individual de aquellos (compatibilidad de la prestación, capitalización y reanudación).
La sucesión de empresas: Un análisis jurisprudencial
Authors: Morales Vállez Concepción Esther
Published: October 2022

Este trabajo ha sido finalista en el Premio de Estudios Financieros 2016 en la modalidad de Trabajo y Seguridad Social.
El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo es, mediante un análisis jurisprudencial, centrado en la doctrina más reciente del Tribunal Supremo, intentar arrojar un poco de luz sobre una institución, cual es la de la sucesión de empresas, que tanta incertidumbre genera en el ámbito de las relaciones laborales y que tanta importancia tiene en un contexto como el actual de crisis económica y recesión en el mercado de trabajo, en cuanto se configura como una garantía de estabilidad en el empleo para todos los trabajadores afectados por la sucesión.
La regresividad del derecho a la asistencia sanitaria: La pérdida de la universalidad se ceba en los «inmigrantes irregulares»
Authors: Miñarro Yanini Margarita
Published: October 2022

Los bienes jurídicos «vida», «integridad física y psíquica» y «salud» tienen en la Constitución española múltiples y desiguales reconocimientos, existiendo entre ellos conexión, de manera que no cabe desligar contenido y garantías de protección de unos de los otros, aunque tampoco exista identidad (STC 160/2007). La protección más básica en su contenido y más trascendente en su rango normativo se encuentra en el artículo 15 de la CE –derecho fundamental a la vida y a la integridad–, encontrándose la más extensa e intensa de contenidos, aunque formalmente de menor intensidad garantista, en el artículo 43 de la CE –principio rector a la protección de la salud, que incluye la asistencia sanitaria como una de sus garantías–. Dada la relevancia del bien jurídico protegido, la protección de la salud tiende a reconocerse bajo fórmulas de universalidad, recurriendo a términos impersonales –«se reconoce»–, sin especificar titulares beneficiarios, o a cláusulas abiertas –«de todos»–. Es por ello que se trata de un derecho de la persona, más que de la ciudadanía, sin perjuicio de su especificación en ciertos ámbitos (art. 40.2 CE, en relación con los trabajadores). Por ese motivo, se reconoce también a las personas extranjeras (art. 13.1 CE), si bien «en los términos que establezcan los tratados y la ley», por cuanto se trata de un «derecho de configuración legal». Con todo, la fijación de los eventuales límites de los derechos esenciales para la existencia humana ha de atender y preservar el valor de la dignidad (STC 236/2007).
El contrato indefinido de apoyo a emprendedores: Un nuevo ejemplo de modalidad fracasada en el sistema español de relaciones laborales
Authors: Fernández Fernández Roberto
Published: October 2022

Para facilitar el cumplimiento de las decisiones y recomendaciones de la Unión Europea en materia de política de empleo, el Gobierno dictó una serie de reformas de la legislación laboral entre las que se encuentra la Ley 3/2012, uno de cuyos objetivos es fomentar el empleo. A tal fin, su artículo 4 crea el contrato indefinido de apoyo a emprendedores, cuya misión consiste en potenciar la iniciativa empresarial, pero solamente de aquellas empresas con un menor tamaño, es decir, con menos de 50 trabajadores y que, a pesar de la situación de crisis, apuesten por la creación de empleo.Desde su entrada en vigor, este contrato ha estado sometido a un exhaustivo control judicial, pues su peculiaridad más importante, el periodo de prueba de un año, ha terminado por convertirse en un importante foco de litigiosidad. El presente estudio analiza las decisiones judiciales que examinan si la regulación del contrato cumple o no la legislación española e internacional. La conclusión fundamental es que a pesar de las dudas planteadas, tanto el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea como el Tribunal Constitucional español han validado esta modalidad contractual y la duración de su periodo de prueba.
Vigilancia de la salud laboral, consentimiento «desinformado» y ¿«límites al secreto médico»?
Authors: Molina Navarrete Cristóbal
Published: October 2022

1. Cuando las personas sienten una importante amenaza para su «seguridad», los Gobiernos de inmediato plantean medidas expeditivas que buscan restablecerla a costa de la «libertad». De este modo, el miedo y la incertidumbre provocadas por los nuevos «riesgos sociales» –como sería el «terrorismo yihadista», «los ataques cibernéticos», etc.–, harían regresar las reformas, como el inmortal libro de Erich Fromm (El miedo a la libertad) nos enseñara ya a mediados del siglo XX, hacia reglas de «autoridad», aquellas de las que, precisamente, parecían habernos liberado la explosión de los derechos fundamentales de autodeterminación personal, inaugurada en el final del siglo XVIII y en el siglo XIX. Esos procesos de conflicto entre «seguridad» y «libertad», un clásico en la conformación de la teoría de los derechos humanos de nuestro tiempo, tienen manifestaciones en todos los órdenes de la vida, y por supuesto en el mundo del trabajo. Para probarlo, bastará con recordar que, ante la alerta generada, no sin buenas razones, por la muerte de 144 pasajeros y 6 tripulantes en el vuelo de Barcelona a Düsseldorf (24 de marzo de 2015) al estrellarse el avión contra los Alpes franceses, probablemente por la decisión de suicidio del copiloto, la «clave de bóveda» para mejorar la seguridad en el transporte aéreo que se propone es un cambio radical de modelo: la «seguridad de terceros» requerirá necesariamente de la «pérdida de libertad de decisión (u omisión)» –y también de privacidad– de los profesionales, muy en particular de los pilotos (y, en general, de los demás tripulantes de cabina; también de los controladores aéreos, etc.).
¿Cuál es la unidad de cómputo del despido colectivo? La empresa y el centro, según convenga
Authors: Maneiro Vázquez Yolanda
Published: October 2022

El tradicional concepto territorial del Derecho, del que no ha escapado el Derecho del Trabajo, encuentra su límite en la integración en los ordenamientos jurídicos de los Estados miembros con el Derecho de la Unión Europea (art. 297 TFUE), que los modula y limita. Este deber de integración ha sacudido instituciones hasta ahora consolidadas en el ámbito de nuestro Derecho del Trabajo, como el despido colectivo, en la sentencia que aquí se comenta, o la utilización abusiva de los contratos temporales por parte de las Administraciones públicas. Cumplir la letra de la ley ya no es suficiente cuando la ley no se ajusta a las exigencias del Derecho de la Unión Europea.
La regla especial no admite interpretaciones extensivas: La prioridad del convenio de empresa no alcanza al de ámbito inferior
Authors: Miñarro Yanini Margarita
Published: October 2022

Entre los aspectos de mayor relevancia de la reforma laboral de 2012 se encuentran, sin duda, la ruptura de la regla general de no concurrencia de convenios y la afectación parcial ex lege de la estructura de la negociación colectiva, al colocar en el centro de gravedad la que se desarrolla en el nivel de empresa (tema este tratado en las páginas de la Revista por el profesor J. R. Mercader en su estudio «Análisis factorial y mecanismos de articulación jurídica de la estructura de la negociación colectiva», publicado en el núm. 362/2013). En este sentido, aun manteniendo formalmente la regla general de la prohibición de concurrencia prevista en el artículo 84.1 del ET, el reformado artículo 84.2 del ET estableció la posibilidad de negociar un convenio de empresa o de grupo de empresas «en cualquier momento de la vigencia de convenios colectivos de ámbito superior».
Despido por enfermedad crónica y productividad: Sumando reveses comunitarios a la reforma laboral
Authors: Molina Navarrete Cristóbal
Published: October 2022

En la primera glosa jurisprudencial he evidenciado cómo se ha ido generando, en virtud del principio de primacía del Derecho Social Comunitario, junto al intenso activismo del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, una extrema incertidumbre sobre cómo aplicar el régimen nacional de despido colectivo, sumando un plus de inseguridad y litigiosidad a uno de los «puntos más calientes» de la reforma laboral. Pero con ser este aspecto de la reforma laboral uno de los más señeros, por su impacto mediático, en ilustrar esa constante e intensa tensión entre ambos niveles de la regulación y de la jurisdicción, en un sistema «multinivel» cada vez más complejo y dinámico, no es ni mucho menos el único, multiplicándose las situaciones jurídico-laborales en las que el inexorable «diálogo» entre la jurisdicción comunitaria y la nacional presenta una forma más conflictiva que amistosa. Ese es el caso también, por lo que aquí interesa, del nuevo régimen legal dado al –o pretendido para el– «despido objetivo por absentismo laboral» [art. 52 d) del ET, uno de los que más afectado resultó por las dos últimas reformas (2010 y 2012); lo que evidencia una unidad de vocación reformadora en esta materia].
Tratamiento convencional de los consumos problemáticos de drogas en los ambientes de trabajo: Entre tradición y renovación
Authors: Álvarez Montero Antonio
Published: October 2022

En el Derecho del Trabajo español existe una profunda contradicción en el tratamiento del consumo de drogas en los lugares de trabajo. El marco político e institucional parte de tratar la drogodependencia como enfermedad. Pero la legislación laboral sigue perpetuando el tratamiento disciplinario. La negociación colectiva mayoritaria sigue anclada en ese pasado moralizador y represivo. Sin embargo, hoy en día podemos encontrar un buen número de experiencias negociadoras que introducen tratamientos más innovadores.
Uma interpretação resoluta da crítica de Wittgenstein à teoria do juízo de Russell
Authors: Segatto Antonio Ianni
Published: October 2022

Este artigo tem dois objetivos. Em primeiro lugar, pretende-se mostrar que grande parte dos comentadores interpretam incorretamente a crítica de Wittgenstein à teoria do juízo de Russell, na medida em que compartilham uma suposição comum, a saber: ao interpretar a objeção de que tal teoria não impede que se julgue um contrassenso, eles erroneamente atribuem a Wittgenstein uma concepção substancial de contrassenso, que é estranha à sua concepção austera de contrassenso. Em segundo lugar, pretende-se indicar que essa crítica deve ser entendida como parte da crítica de Wittgenstein à incapacidade de Russell de dar uma resposta ao problema da unidade da proposição.
O Que Interessa em Décio Pignatari
Authors: Augusto Ronald
Published: October 2022

O que pretendemos com o presente ensaio é destacar alguns aspectos da poética de Décio Pignatari que, em boa medida, singularizam seu percurso textual quando confrontado com um suposto estilo sério-estético que marcaria a produção dos poetas concretos. A mistura de códigos verificada em seus poemas verbais e não-verbais, tais como o humor sem verniz necessariamente erudito – já que é notório seu interesse pela cultura pop –, a imagética priapeia, o apetite semiótico quase pornógrafo, o trato não cerimonioso com a tradição etc, conferem à poética de Pignatari uma disposição para as transações com outras formas sígnicas. E é desde essa perspectiva que procuramos relacionar suas invenções de designer de linguagem com o anticinema de Jean-Luc Godard cuja filmografia se dissipa enquanto perturba a faculdade narrativa atribuída à sétima arte. Ambos, o poeta e o cineasta, são criadores da não linearidade, ou como Pignatari talvez preferisse afirmar, criadores em busca do signovo.
Exploring the supernumerary status of student nurses in the clinical learning environment at two selected private nursing colleges in Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal
Authors:   , Naidoo Roshini
Published: October 2022

Background Nursing is a practice whereby learning in the clinical environment is just as important as the theoretical component. While specialised training and an abundance of knowledge and skill is required to synchronise patient care with the increased burden of disease globally, a report by the International Council of Nurses, has found that major changes in any healthcare system necessitates the need for nurses to upskill and acquire knowledge for the transition from a novice nurse to an expert. This has made clinical supervision necessary for the experiential foundation for nursing knowledge, skills, and values, allowing it to be to be integrated and applied in the clinical environment. Purpose of the study The purpose of the study was to describe the current role of student nurses registered in the Diploma in General Nursing programme and to explore the perceptions of student nurses of their supernumerary role in the clinical learning environment. Methodology A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive design, was adopted, to explore the supernumerary status of student nurses in the clinical learning environment at two selected private nursing colleges in Durban, a city in the province of KwaZuluNatal, South Africa. Data was collected from in-depth, one-on-one interviews with twenty student nurses and the findings were analysed using Creswell’s step-bystep approach to data analysis. Findings Four major themes that emerged from the data analysis were a) Integration of theory and practice; b) Influences relating to the teaching and learning area; c) Supervision of nursing students; d) Communication. Conclusion Nursing care is a core element in the clinical environment as knowledge and skills are an integral part of clinical practice in a healthcare facility. Patient care has been given top priority in South Africa by SANC, Department of Health (DoH) the Council on Higher Education (CHE), legislation, guidelines, procedures and programmes, hence there was a need to change the nursing curriculum in 2020. The findings of this study hopefully, will generate awareness for the need to support and guide student nurses in achieving the specific learning outcomes as stipulated in the SANC curriculum, by allowing clinical practice opportunities. Therefore, an understanding of the evolving changes in the SANC curriculum regarding student nurses functioning under a supernumerary status in the clinical learning environment, will significantly contribute to the accomplishment of competent graduate nurses rendering holistic patient care.
The effect of spinal manipulative therapy and ischaemic compression versus muscle energy technique in chronic nonspecific neck pain
Authors:   , Dicks Tyron D.
Published: October 2022

Neck pain has become a problem experienced worldwide and it poses a global healthcare challenge to practising medical professions. There are numerous manual and non-manual treatments available for this frequently encountered problem. Frequently utilised and effective therapies are spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and ischaemic compression (IC); however, these have been associated with several contraindications. An alternative form of treatment with less contraindications that may be of benefit to the patient is muscle energy technique (MET). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of spinal manipulative therapy and ischaemic compression compared to muscle energy technique in chronic nonspecific neck pain. Methodology: This study was a quantitative randomised, single blinded clinical trial. Forty participants with nonspecific pain, aged 20-50 years, were randomly allocated into two groups using a random allocation chart provided by a statistician. Group one received SMT and IC, whereas group two received MET alone. The numerical pain rating scale (NRS) was used to determine the level of neck pain. The cervical range of motion (CROM) goniometer was used to calculate the degree of lateral flexion occurring at the neck. The pain pressure algometer was used to determine the pain pressure thresholds (PPT). The Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) Neck Disability Index (NDI) was used to assess the disability in activities of daily living as a consequence of neck pain. Each participant had four consultations over a two-week period, receiving treatment on the first three consultations with the fourth being purely subjective and objective measurements. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA testing was utilised to examine the changes over time in each group. Profile plots were used to visually explore the trends of each group over time. Intra-group analysis of subjective and objective measurements revealed that both groups had a beneficial response to the treatment over time. Inter-group analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of subjective and objective measurements. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study revealed that the use of MET is as equally effective as a combination of SMT and IC in the treatment of chronic nonspecific neck pain
PERIPHERAL NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC. SHORT REVIEW
Authors: Şteţca Mădălina , Burlacenco Cristina , Ördög Andreea , Tohănean Nicoleta
Published: October 2022

Covid-19 disruption has led to a dramatic loss of patients infected with SarsCov2 agent. With a well-reviewed vulnerability for the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, studies have expressed concern also for the neurological system. Lately, a number of cases regarding manifestations of central nervous- and peripheral nervous system have been reported, raising awareness of the high prevalence of prolonged neurological symptoms. Although affecting a smaller number of patients in comparison to central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system disorders have impacted the quality of patient’s life to a great extent. Infection with SarsCov2 has been connected with the development of several disorders like Guillain -Barre syndrome, or affection of cranial nerves with anosmia and disgeusia being the most encountered. Furthermore, exacerbation of symptoms involving already established disorders like CIDP and Miastenia Gravis have also been revealed. Nonetheless, neurological complications following vaccination against SarsCov2 infection cannot be omitted.
Политическая роль ТНК и городов в системе международных отношений
Authors: Исмагулов Нуржан
Published: October 2022

В данной статье рассмотрены вопросы роли ТНК и мегаполисов в современной системе международных отношений. Даны определения терминам ТНК, Глобальный город, КСО. Отмечается, что сегодня вместе с другими участниками внешнеполитических процессов на мировую арену выходит ТНК и крупные города, становясь вместе с ними субъектом мирового геополитического и геоэкономического пространства и самостоятельным действующим лицом на мировой арене. В статье проанализирована связь между ТНК и мегаполисами. Приведены примеры КСО в РК.
Interdependence of linguistic and extralinguistic factors influencing the development of language conceptualization in the sphere of business and enterpreneurship
Authors: Полюжин Михайло , Січка Валерія
Published: October 2022

У статті розглядаються концепт “бізнес” та “підприємництво”, їхня характеристика, відмінність та як вони використовуються між собою. Адже розуміння цих двох понять різниться в залежності від впливу лінгвістичних та екстралінгвістичних факторів, які також проаналізовані в роботі. Для дослідження цих понять було застосовано концептуальний аналіз. Відповідно до лінгвістичної відносності, яка припускає, що люди, які розмовляють різними мовами, по-різному сприймають світ і по-різному думають. Тому саме за цією теорією мова впливає і є тим фактором, за допомогою якого можна утворювати певні
Strengths and weaknesses of the european social charter: increasing the effectiveness of the protection of social rights
Authors: Бут Олександр
Published: October 2022

Despite the general development of the states of the European continent and the provision of modern benefits of civilization to the majority of the population, socio-economic inequality continues to grow between countries and within developing countries, which negatively affects individuals and communities, as well as general economic development, social justice and functioning society. The COVID-19 pandemic has added urgency to the need for change. It revealed the strengths and sometimes serious weaknesses of the social rights protection systems in Europe. The pandemic has highlighted the need to strengthen the provision of economic and social rights and their effective protection as part of the overall system of collective guarantees for the protection of human rights in Europe. The ongoing economic recession will cause additional pressure on the scarcity of resources not only for the realization of social rights, but also to prevent their rollback, and Ukraine is no exception.
Results of measurements carried out for the purpose of determining the center of gravity of a convertiplane-type UAV
Authors: Nabiyev Rasim , Abdullayev Anar
Published: October 2022

Currently, due to the increasing accuracy required to determine the center of mass and gravity, the development of methods and technologies in this direction remains a high priority. In the research work, the characteristics of the available methods and tools for determining the flight load and centering, as well as the analysis of the research work on determining the center of mass of the aircraft, calculating the weight and centering cost were carried out. When designing and preparing aircraft, in order to increase the efficiency and safety of their flights, it is required to correctly determine their loading, centering and center of gravity. The methodology of using the "balance-mass" method, which is widely used in determining the center of gravity of aircraft, was developed in our research conducted for this purpose - in the example of a convertiplane-type UAV. It is known that it is possible to determine the coordinates of the center of gravity of gliders beforehand based on survey books. This data only corresponds to the state of the glider without load and not on the final delivery. The article also describes the essence and capabilities of the developed method for determining the center of gravity of the aircraft with higher accuracy. The results of theoretical and experimental studies on the creation of a system for determining the weight and center of gravity of the UAV in practice are shown. The proposed system construction model is presented.
Изменение показателей продукции и кинетических качеств сурфактанта легких после острой физической нагрузки
Authors: Султанова Тарана
Published: October 2022

Целью исследования явилось комплексное изучение структурной перестройки респираторного отдела легких и сердечной мышцы при физической нагрузке. Материал и методы. Объектом исследования послужили легкие крыс. Исследования проводились на белых беспородных крысах – самцах молодого половозрелого возраста ( 5-10мес.) массой тела 120,0-150,0 г. Физическая нагрузка осуществлялась произвольным бегом во вращающемся колесе (Vep = 20 /об мин) спустя 2 часа после кормления. В эксперименте животные подвергались однократной предельной физической нагрузке (бег втечение 3 часов). Для выявления мембран сурфактанта использовали электронно-гистохимический метод окраски ультратонких срезов коллоидным железом по Mowry (1958 )(модифицировнный метод Hale). Результаты к их обсуждение. Экспериментальные наблюдения ещё раз доказывают, что альвеолярная гипервентиляция поражает респираторные альвеолоциты и эндотелий межальвеолярных капилляров, предопределяя дальнейшее течение патологического процесса в АГБ. Выявленные нами с помощью ультрамикроскопии диффузные окклюзии легочных капилляров агрегатами неизмененных и разрушенных эритроцитов, дистрофическте изменения клеточных и внеклеточных компонентов АГБ способствуют уменьшению растяжимости легких, увеличению альвеолярно – артериального градиента по кислороду, повышенному шунтированию венозной крови, снижению сурфактантной активности. Понижение диффузии кислорода вслед за отеком и утолщением АГБ приводит к ишемии паренхимы и снижению образования вешества, продуцируемого II альвеолоцитами – сурфактанта. Выводы. Резюмировая вышеотмеченное, можно сделать вывод о том, что при однократной предельной физической нагрузке в эксперименте морфологическим выражением утомления в структурах АГБ и альвеолярного эпителия являются дистрофические и деструктивные изменения. Нарушение продукции сурфактанта, повышение числа дистелектазных, гиповентилируемых участков, что вызывает артериальную гипоксемию, респираторный декомпенсированный ацидоз.
Electric field - induced catalysis. Laws of field catalysis
Authors: Kaplunenko Volodymyr , Kosinov Mykola
Published: October 2022

Abstract.The article explores a new type of catalysis - electric field catalysis. The laws of field catalysis are given. The characteristics of the electric field are determined, which set the values of the characteristics of the field catalysis. Field catalysis and field catalyst do not fit into the traditional definition of catalysis and catalyst, which may require a revision of the terminology of catalysis. The field is a more versatile catalyst compared to material catalysts, both in terms of its application to a wider range of chemical reactions, and in the ability to control the rate and selectivity. It is shown that a common donor-acceptor mechanism of catalysis is realized in heterogeneous and field catalysis. Generalized formulas are obtained, from which, as partial results, the laws of heterogeneous and field catalysis follow. New definitions of catalyst and field catalysis are given. The class of material catalysts has been expanded and supplemented with field catalysts.
Проблеми математичного моделювання систем водопостачання
Authors: Матвієнко Ольга
Published: October 2022

Дана робота присвячена обзору структури систем централізованого водопостачання, проблем, які існують в цих системах, та методам їх вирішення. Розглядаються існуючі підходи до математичного моделювання та оптимізації режимів роботи систем централізованого водопостачання.
The potential of interactive infographics: gamification and edutainment
Authors: Golubnycha Ganna
Published: October 2022

Interactive infographics, developed taking into account all comprehensive principles of gamification and edutainment, have extended informational capabilities that maximize their overall effectiveness for a variety of pro-social purposes. The interaction between infographic projects and recipients allows to achieve increased interest, the level of involvement and improve the assimilation of the material. In the near future, the author of this scientific article predicts an increase in examples of high-quality interactive infographics in open access and its popularization among the main target groups that are directly involved in transformative global sociocultural processes.
Outcomes of chronic subdural hematoma and their correlations with old age
Authors: Lee Seung Eon , Jung Na Young , Park Eun Suk , Park Jun Bum , Kwon Soon Chan , Kim Min Soo
Published: October 2022

Objective: This study explored the prognostic factors of chronic subdural hematoma in patients who underwent burr hole drainage, both overall and in elderly patients.Methods: This study enrolled 120 patients with chronic subdural hematoma who underwent burr hole drainage at a single center between January 2016 and December 2020. Old age was defined as >65 years, and a good prognosis was defined as a decrease in the modified Rankin scale from admission to the last follow-up. Factors correlated with good prognosis in elderly patients compared with total patients were evaluated using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.Results: Among the 120 patients, 66 (55.0%) were ≥65 years old, and 76 (63.3%) had severe symptoms on admission. Old age (≥65) was the only factor significantly correlated with severe symptoms (P=0.021; odds ratio [OR], 2.618; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.154–5.942). The following variables were significantly associated with the prognosis in both groups: diabetes (total: P=0.008; OR, 0.207; 95% CI, 0.064–0.664; old age: P=0.011; OR, 0.017; 95% CI, 0.044–0.672) and severe symptoms on admission (total: P<0.001; OR, 6.994; 95% CI, 2.771–17.399; old age: P=0.007; OR, 6.177; 95% CI, 1.656–23.046).Conclusion: No difference in prognostic factors was observed between the overall patients and elderly patients with chronic subdural hematoma who underwent burr hole drainage. In both groups, patients without diabetes or with severe symptoms during hospitalization showed better recovery after burr hole drainage.
Variation in calcification of Reticulofenestra coccoliths over the Oligocene–Early Miocene
Authors: Guitián José , Fuertes Miguel Ángel , Flores José-Abel , Hernández-Almeida Iván , Stoll Heather
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Coccolithophores are calcifying marine phytoplankton whose intracellularly
produced calcite plates, coccoliths, have been the dominant source of
calcium carbonate in open-ocean settings since the Cretaceous. An open
question is whether their calcification has been affected by changing
environmental conditions over geological timescales such as variations in
the ocean carbon system. Previous methods using circular polarized light
microscopy allowed for only the thickness of small coccoliths thinner than 1.5 µm to be quantified, but prior to the Pliocene, a significant fraction
of the coccoliths exceeded this thickness and have not been quantifiable.
Here, we implement a new approach for calibration of circular polarized
light microscopy enabling us to quantify coccoliths which feature calcite up
to 3 µm thick. We apply this technique to evaluate the evolution of
calcification in the Reticulofenestra from the early Oligocene to Early Miocene in
exceptionally well-preserved sediments from the Newfoundland margin. Through
this time interval, coccolith thickness and the scale-invariant shape factor
kse vary by about 20 % around the mean thickness of
0.37 µm
and mean kse of 0.16. Lower shape factors characterize samples with
a higher relative abundance of dissolution-resistant nannoliths, suggesting
that dissolution may contribute to thinning of placoliths. We therefore
define temporal trends in calcification only in samples in which the
assemblage suggests minimal dissolution. The lowest kse characterizes
the middle Oligocene, and the highest kse around 18 Ma is in the
Early Miocene. High ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations have been proposed for
this period of the Miocene and may be one factor contributing to high
coccolith kse.
Rescuing historical weather observations improves quantification of severe windstorm risks
Authors: Hawkins Ed , Brohan Philip , Burgess Samantha , Burt Stephen , Compo Gilbert , Gray Suzanne , Haigh Ivan , Hersbach Hans , Kuijjer Kiki , Martinez-Alvarado Oscar , McColl Chesley , Schurer Andrew , Slivinski Laura , Williams Joanne
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Billions of historical climatological observations remain unavailable to science as they exist only on paper, stored in numerous archives around the world. The conversion of these data from paper to digital could transform our understanding of historical climate variations, including extreme weather events. Here we demonstrate how the rescue of such paper observations has improved our understanding of a severe windstorm that occurred in February 1903 and its significant impacts. By assimilating newly rescued atmospheric pressure observations, the storm is now credibly represented in an improved reanalysis of the event. In some locations this storm produced stronger winds than any event during the modern period (1950–2015) and it is in the top-4 storms for strongest winds anywhere over land in England & Wales. As a result, estimates of risk from severe storms, based on modern period data, may need to be revised. Examining the atmospheric structure of the storm suggests that it is a classic Shapiro-Keyser-type cyclone with ‘sting jet’ precursors and associated extreme winds at locations and times of known significant damage. Comparison with both independent observations and qualitative information, such as photographs and written accounts, provides additional evidence of the credibility of the atmospheric reconstruction, including of sub-daily rainfall variations. Simulations of the storm surge resulting from this storm show a large coastal surge of around 2.5 m, comparing favourably with newly rescued tide gauge observations and adding to our confidence in the reconstruction. Combining historical rescued weather observations with modern reanalysis techniques has allowed us to plausibly reconstruct a severe windstorm and associated storm surge from more than 100 years ago, establishing an invaluable end-to-end tool to improve assessments of risks from extreme weather.
An optimized semi-empirical physical approach for satellite-based PM2.5 retrieval: embedding machine learning to simulate complex physical parameters
Authors: Jin Caiyi , Yuan Qiangqiang , Li Tongwen , Wang Yuan , Zhang Liangpei
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Satellite remote sensing of PM2.5 mass concentration has become one of the most popular atmospheric research aspects, resulting in the development of different models. Among them, the semi-empirical physical approach constructs the transformation relationship between the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and PM2.5 based on the optical properties of particles, which has strong physical significance. Also, it performs the PM2.5 retrieval independently of the ground stations. However, due to the complex physical relationship, the physical parameters in the semi-empirical approach are difficult to calculate accurately, resulting in relatively limited accuracy. To achieve the optimization effect, this study proposes a method of embedding machine learning into a semi-physical empirical model (RF-PMRS). Specifically, based on the theory of the physical PM2.5 remote sensing approach (PMRS), the complex parameter (VEf, a columnar volume-to-extinction ratio of fine particles) is simulated by the random forest model (RF). Also, a fine mode fraction product with higher quality is applied to make up for the insufficient coverage of satellite products. Experiments in North China show that the surface PM2.5 concentration derived by RF-PMRS has an average annual value of 57.92 μg/m3 versus the ground value of 60.23 μg/m3. Compared with the original method, RMSE decreases by 39.95 μg/m3, and the relative deviation reduces by 44.87%. Moreover, validation at two AERONET sites presents a trend closer to the true values, with an R of about 0.80. This study is also a preliminary attempt to combine model-driven and data-driven models, laying a foundation for further atmospheric research on optimization methods.
A revised alpha-ejection correction calculation for (U–Th) ∕ He thermochronology dates of broken apatite crystals
Authors: He John J. Y. , Reiners Peter W.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Accurate corrections for the effects of alpha ejection (the loss of daughter He near grain or crystal surfaces due to long alpha stopping distances) are central to (U-Th)/He thermochronometry. In the case of apatite (U-Th)/He dating, alpha-ejection correction is complicated by the fact that crystals are often broken perpendicular to the c axis. In such cases, the correction should account for
the fact that only some parts of the crystal are affected by alpha ejection. A common current practice to account for such broken crystals is to
modify measured lengths of broken crystals missing one termination by a factor of 1.5, and those missing both terminations by a factor of 2. This
alpha-ejection “correction correction” systematically overestimates the actual fraction of helium lost to alpha ejection, and thus overcorrects
the measured date relative to that determined for an otherwise equivalent unbroken crystal. The ratio of the alpha-ejection-affected surface area to the volume of a fragmented crystal is equivalent to the surface-area-to-volume ratio of an unbroken crystal that is either twice as long (for fragments with one termination) or infinitely long (for fragments with no termination). We suggest that it is appropriate to revise the fragmentation correction to multiply the lengths of crystals missing one c-axis termination by 2, and those missing both c-axis terminations by
some large number ≳20. We examine the effect of this revised correction and demonstrate the accuracy of the new method
using synthetic datasets. Taking into account alpha ejection, the rounding of the He concentration profile due to diffusive loss, and the accumulation of radiation damage over a range of thermal histories, we show that the revised fragmentation alpha-ejection correction proposed here accurately
approximates the corrected date of an unbroken crystal (“true” date) to within <0.7 % on average (±4.2 %, 1σ), whereas
the former method overcorrects dates to be ∼3 % older than the “true” date on average. For individual grains, the former method can
result in dates that are older by a few percent in most cases, and by as much as 12 % for grains with aspect ratios of up to 1:1. The revised
alpha-ejection correction proposed here is both more accurate and more precise than the previous correction, and does not introduce any significant systematic bias into the apparent dates from a sample.
RAINWATER RETENTION SITE ASSESSMENT FOR URBAN FLOOD RISK REDUCTION AND FLOOD DEFENCE IN MANDAUE CITY, PHILIPPINES
Authors: Bañados J. H. , Quijano I. P.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. This study utilized a geospatial approach to identify suitable sites for rainwater retention areas in Mandaue City, a highly urbanized city in Cebu, Philippines. Based on the integrated use of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS), ideal sites for rainwater retention were produced to divert surface water runoff from flooding the streets and obstructing traffic. Ideally, the chosen sites should have low infiltration capacity and be within open spaces. For the hydrological planning of the study, we considered the amount of surface runoff, elevation, soil characteristics, land use, and present drainage status of the study area. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived from LiDAR technology is used to obtain the slope raster and generate small streams. Land cover and curve number (CN) of the area were used to compute the surface runoff. The soil textures were converted based on their infiltration rate and runoff potential. Finally, the weighted overlay tool in GIS created a layer identifying potential areas for rainwater retention sites. The findings indicate that 54.8% of the research area was ideal for water harvesting, with open land areas making up 2.3% of the best locations. In addition, a major portion of the appropriate locations lies in clay loam soils and within 0–25 meters in elevation. These results will hugely benefit policymakers and urban planners in helping create solutions to the city’s flooding problem and the looming water crisis.
AIRBORNE SAR IMAGE BRIGHTNESS COMPENSATION ENHANCEMENT PROCESSING BASED ON NSCT TRANSFORM
Authors: Wang W. , Cheng C. , Wang Y.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Image brightness compensation processing is one of the important aspects to decide whether the image can be further used for remote sensing quantitative applications. In this paper, a brightness compensation enhancement processing method based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is used to address the widely used problems of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with unbalanced internal brightness and blurred detailed texture features and severe image SAR. Firstly, the image is decomposed using the NSCT transform and the sub-band coefficients are adjusted after calculating the improvement coefficients for the statistical radiation change curve of its low-frequency sub-bands to achieve brightness compensation; for each high-frequency sub-band image, a hard threshold function is used to enhance the contour texture information of the image and suppress noise; finally, all sub-bands are combined using NSCT inverse reconstruction to obtain the resultant image. Aiming at the problem of radiation discrepancies arising from SAR images due to its side-view observation method and antenna directional map, this method is more applicable to SAR images and has better improvement effects than the traditional image equalization algorithm, increasing the average gradient and structural similarity, better preserving the detail features, significantly improving the brightness non-uniformity problem, enhancing the visual effect and providing some support for the subsequent monitoring of various disasters.
THE KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF GEOLOGICAL DISASTER DYNAMIC MONITORING BASED ON NAP-OF-THE-OBJECT PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Wang Y. , Duan Y. , Pang B. , Liu R.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Dynamic monitoring of geological hazards is an important project. Photogrammetry plays an important role in geological hazard monitoring, because of its advantages of convenient data processing, low cost, non-contact, direct texture information and intricate 3-D real scene model. For the traditional photogrammetry can not meet the needs of dynamic monitoring, based on multi-period nap-of-the-object photogrammetry, this paper obtains high-precision images and produces a refined 3D real scene model to carry out the dynamic monitoring of geological disasters. A deformation detection method of geological hazards based on the comparison of three-dimensional model differences is proposed to locate the position with serious deformation. Then, based on the severely deformed area, the multi-period generalized orthophotos are produced, and the image feature matching is used to find the homonymous points between the generalized orthophotos. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional coordinate forward and inverse transformation of the generalized orthophotos are used to calculate the size and direction of the deformation displacement, analyze the deformation trend of geological disasters, and finally realize accurate monitoring of the deformation trend of geological disasters. The results show that the deformation area detection method proposed in this paper is simple and effective, which can quickly find the deformation position. The deformation trend prediction based on multi-period generalized orthophotos is feasible, and the displacement with deformation of 3CM can be accurately pointed out.