bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Liberate the Mahabodhi Temple!”: Socially Engaged Buddhism, Dalit-Style
Authors: Doyle N
Published: November 2023

In the early morning hours of Buddha Purnima 1992, some eight hundred Buddhists from Maharasthra entered the Mahabodhi Temple compound and congregated in front of the locked doors leading into the main sanctuary. There at the site, and on the day,2 of the Buddha’s enlightenment these Dalits3 lit twenty-two candles commemorating the vows made by their deceased leader, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, when he and a half-million of his untouchable followers formally renounced Hinduism and embraced Buddhism on 14 October 1956.4 But on this morning, a twenty-third candle was lit and a new promise ardently added to the others: “Let it be known that today, here in Bodh Gaya, we vow to liberate this temple from Hindu hands! Jai Buddha ki jai! Jai Jai Bhim! (Hail Buddha! Hail Bhim [Ambedkar]!)” Just before sunrise, another group—comprising monks from the various Bodh Gaya monasteries, Buddhist pilgrims, Indian politicians, and visiting dignitaries—wound its way through town and ended under the Bodhi Tree. The annual puja began, as usual, with the monks chanting: Wrst the Southeast Asians, then the Tibetans, and Wnally the Japanese. Next, speeches were given by a handful of notables, including the high commissioner of Sri Lanka, Neville Kanakaratne. In his speech, which was being broadcast live over Sinhalese radio, Kanakaratne announced his government’s plan to install a gold-plated railing around the Bodhi Tree and asserted that Bodh Gaya should be seen in the same light as Mecca, Jerusalem, or the Vatican.
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Ideguchi Hiroshi
Published: November 2023

A 25-year-old Japanese man was admitted to the hospital because of fever, sore throat, and general malaise. He had been febrile for several days and had noticed that the color of his urine was unusually dark. On admission, his temperature was 37.8°C. The physician noted anemic conjunctiva (delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeballs), injected pharyngeal mucosa (mucous membrane), cervical lymphadenopathy (swelling of the lymph nodes), and mild splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen). Barr virus confirmed that he had infectious mononucleosis. He was kept in bed for 2 weeks, by which time the signs of inflammation and hepatocellular damage entirely disappeared. However, mild anemia (hemoglobin 110–120 g/L) with reticulocytosis (5.0%–6.0%), increased serum unconjugated bilirubin, and splenomegaly still remained, suggesting the presence of persistent hemolysis. The physician therefore performed further examinations to confirm the diagnosis of hemolytic anemia.
Biotinidase Deficiency: A Biotin-Responsive Disorder
Authors: Wolf Barry
Published: November 2023

A 6-month-old male was brought to the emergency department because the parents observed that he had “jerking” of his arms and legs. They said that the child had been sleeping for longer periods of time over the last few days and had episodes of vomiting that were not related to the time of feeding. He had been less responsive than usual, and they were concerned because his rate of breathing had markedly increased this morning. The parents had called their pediatrician, who recommended that they bring the child to see him. While preparing to bring the child to the physician’s office, the child began jerking and “twitching.” Instead of bringing their child to the pediatrician, the parents called the emergency medical service, which took him directly to the emergency department of the local hospital. By the time the emergency medical team arrived, the child had stopped seizing but was somnolent.
I-Cell Disease (Mucolipidosis II)
Authors: Chambers James
Published: November 2023

The patient (Fig. 17-1) was a 38-week-gestation product of a 22-year-old G,P1Abo (gravida 1, first pregnancy; paradelivery, first delivery; abortion, 0) woman and her 31-year-old first-cousin partner. Pregnancy was complicated by oligohydramnios (deficiency in the amount of amniotic fluid); an amniocentesis revealed a normal male karyotype. The infant was delivered by cesarean section because of maternal preeclampsia (development of hypertension due to pregnancy). Apgar scores were 8/9, weight was 2200 g, and length was 18.5 inches. On newborn examination, microcephaly (a broad nasal bridge with anteverted nostrils), micrognathia (smallness of the jaws, especially the underjaw), hypospadias (a defect in the wall of the urethra), and undescended testes were seen.A tentative diagnosis of Smith-LemliOpitz syndrome was postulated. By 9 months of age, marked developmental delay was noted. Repeat evaluation revealed bilateral inguinal hernias, dysmorphic features with synophrys (growing together of the eyebrows), and thick upper lip with gum hypertrophy; limitation of motion at the knees, hips, elbows, and wrists; camptodactyly (bending of fingers); rib flaring; hepatosplenomegaly; corneal clouding; and hypotonia in addition to those findings reported at birth.
Inborn Errors of Urea Synthesis
Authors: Chakraborty Pranesh , Geraghty Michael T
Published: November 2023

A male infant was born at term following an uncomplicated pregnancy to a healthy woman pregnant for the first time. The delivery was uncomplicated, and growth was appropriate for gestational age. Initially, he was breastfed every 3 h. On the second day of life, he developed mild respiratory distress and fed poorly. Antibiotics were started, but no evidence for an infection was found. On day 3, he became increasingly unresponsive. Blood glucose and electrolytes were normal. He became comatose and required artificial ventilation. Repeat tests showed persistent respiratory alkalosis, and the plasma ammonium was 1250 amol/L (normal 5–30). Serum electrolytes, plasma glucose, and lactate and a toxicology screen were normal. Plasma was obtained for quantitative amino acid analysis and quantitative carnitine and for an acylcarnitine profile; urine was obtained for orotic acid measurement and organic acid profiling.
Obesity: A Growing Problem
Authors: Rosenthal Miriam d. , Pasquinelli Lawrence M
Published: November 2023

T.F. is a 14-year-old girl who came into the office for a well-care examination accompanied by her mother. She had a history of asthma and used albuterol (a bronchodilator) as needed. She was concerned that her weight was too high, and that she was often teased at school by other children. Both T.F. and her mother have been reading about weight loss and exercise; they were ready to make a change to decrease T.F.’s weight. The patient lived with her mother and her sister. Her father died in a car accident 2 years prior to the visit. Her grandmother had type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol. T.F. ate fast food more than three times a week, drank three 8-ounce cans of nondiet soda each day, and watched about 4 h of television per day. She rarely exercised to break a sweat and did not Obesity is a common medical condition seen daily by most physicians. BMI is a useful clinical tool to evaluate a patient’s size compared with others of the same age. This measure takes into account the patient’s height as well as weight. BMI is calculated with either of the following two formulas depending on which measurement system is used: Her thyroid was not enlarged, the cardiac examination was normal, and the lung examination was normal without any wheezing (a high-pitched, flutelike noise with expiration often seen with asthma). She had a dark, thick skin rash in the folds on her neck called acanthosis nigricans.
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Authors: gopichandran Vijayaprasad , Lai lien B , Gopalan venkat
Published: November 2023

A 22-month-old male child was seen in a pediatric clinic in the United States (Carvalho et al., 2001). He had been suffering from intermittent skin eczema since 2 weeks of age. After weaning at 13 months of age, he was given cow’s milk, and several episodes of vomiting were observed soon after. Since his parents suspected milk intolerance and were apprehensive about the cow’s milk causing a possible worsening of the eczema, he was immediately switched to a lactose-free diet that was primarily a rice milk beverage. This rice drink was extremely low in protein but (somewhat) adequate in caloric content. Although well educated, the parents mistakenly assumed that the beverage, because of its fortified contents and high cost, was a superior food product for their child even though the container stated that the rice milk beverage was not meant for use as an infant formula. Despite normal growth during infancy, poor weight gain was obvious during the second year, when the child was on a daily intake of 1.5 L of the rice drink, which is equivalent to 3 g protein and 790 calories/day (norm for ages 1–3, 16 g protein and 1300 calories/day). In the weeks before admission, he was irritable, was less active, and displayed an increase in skin lesions.
Lactose Intolerance
Authors: Osgood Marcy P , Johnson Abiodun O
Published: November 2023

A 6-year-old African American boy presented with a 6-month history of nausea, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea with three to four watery stools a day associated with passage of much gas. These complaints began soon after he started first grade when he was required to drink 2 cups of milk with his school lunch. The symptoms occurred after lunch, and he felt much better after having a bowel movement. No blood was noted in the stool. He was mostly symptom free on weekends, when he rarely drinks milk. There has been no fever or no weight loss, and his appetite has remained good. In general, the boy has been healthy since birth at full term. He was breast-fed for 6 months, at which time he was weaned to regular infant formula, and started taking solids in the form of rice cereal. He began eating table food at 1 year of age. Neither parent drinks much milk. He is the only child of both parents, and there are no other family health concerns.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: panja Srinivas , chelliah aruna , Burge mark R
Published: November 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia. This can result from defects in insulin secretion, defects in insulin action, or both. Because glucose is a chemically reactive molecule, the chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and, ultimately, failure of various organs. These include the eyes, the kidneys, the nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. Several pathogenic processes are involved in the development of diabetes. These range from autoimmune destruction of the o-cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin deficiency (type 1 diabetes, about 10% of cases) to poorly characterized abnormalities that result in resistance to insulin action combined with inadequate insulin secretion (type 2 diabetes, about 90% of cases). Regardless of mechanism, the ultimate basis of known abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in diabetes is the deficient action of insulin on target tissues.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: P450c21 Steroid Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Pepe Gerald J , Rosenthal Miriam D
Published: November 2023

A 2-day-old neonate was referred to the pediatric endocrinology team with ambiguous external genitalia, including clitoral hypertrophy and fusion of the labia. The baby had been delivered spontaneously at 38 weeks of gestation after an uneventful pregnancy and presented with no obvious clinical manifestations other than apparent masculinization of the external genitalia/genital ambiguity. A sample was obtained for genetic testing, which subsequently confirmed a 46XX chromosomal makeup. Examination of serum electrolytes indicated mild hyponatremia (decreased sodium concentration) and hyperkalemia (elevated potassium). A blood sample was also sent to a central laboratory for hormone analyses. The results, obtained 5 days after the patient was sent home, showed that blood levels of cortisol (hydrocortisone) and aldosterone were well (s4 fold) below normal, whereas levels of androgens, including de hydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA-sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, and testosterone, were elevated more than 5-fold. Serum levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) exceeded 10,000 ng/mL ((100-fold above normal), while estradiol and estrone were barely detectable and thus normal for age. Plasma levels of renin were also elevated.
The Heyday of the New Immigrant Enclave
Authors: Sterba Christopher M
Published: November 2023

America’s entrance into the war posed challenges for two populations that were very much in flux. By 1917, New Haven Italians and New York Jews had moved well beyond the initial stage of establishing their housing and employment niches and were now able to rely on a wide range of ethnic institutions. Observers regarded these settlements as foreign cities-within-the-city. The immigrants lived and worked mainly with their kinsmen, bought familiar homeland foods from ethnic grocers, and attended religious services and read newspapers (if they could read) in their own languages.
Prehistory
Authors: Leeming David
Published: November 2023

As is the case with other parts of the world, the emergence of the human species in the Middle East is difficult to establish. There are archeological indications—primarily rough stone tools and skeletal remains—of the presence of an early hominid species (Homo erectus) in the area dating from at least 300,000 B.C.E., the period known as the lower (early) Paleolithic (Old Stone Age, c. 2 million-100,000 B.C.E.—geologically the Ice Age or the Pleistocene).
The Bronze Age
Authors: Leeming David
Published: November 2023

History can be said to begin when records are kept for later people to read. To the extent that this is so, prehistory ended and history began at Sumer. It is easy to imagine that the need grew for a means of keeping track of the complexities of irrigation, animal husbandry, planting schedules, trade, government, religious activities, and various religious stories, such as the creation myths and the “biographies” and deeds of the particular city gods that provided a given people with cultural identity and significance. The Sumerians had by about 3400 B.C.E. discovered the solution to the need to record these things by inventing a writing system that was a major step beyond the old clay pictographic token system that had long been used by many cultures for merely quantitative records.
The Mythology of Anatolia
Authors: Leeming David
Published: November 2023

The mythology of pre-Greek and pre-Islamic Anatolia (Asia Minor, Asian Turkey) is an amalgamation of the pantheons and sacred stories of several peoples, including the Hattians, the Hittites, and the Hurrians. The Hattians, or proto-Hattians (since the Hittites took on the Hattie name), were an indigenous people who were living on the central Anatolian plateau when the Hittites and several smaller lndoEuropean tribes, the Luwians and Palaians, arrived there at the end of the third millennium B.C.E. The Hurrians, while politically and geo¬ graphically more Mesopotamian than Anatolian, made significant in¬ roads into Anatolia, and their religion forms a major part of the Hittite-Anatolian mythology. Other Mesopotamian mythic material and Canaanite stories as well also found their way into Anatolian mythology by way of the Hurrians.
The Mythology of the Western Semites
Authors: Leeming David
Published: November 2023

The Western Semites were the Semitic-speaking peoples of the area that includes what was once known as the land of Canaan. In the pre-Islamic ancient world, Western Semites included Arameans, the various people labeled Canaanites (including the Phoenicians and the people ofUgarit), the Hebrew-Israelites, and other tribes that migrated to the region. The Western Semites produced both Judaism and Christianity.
A Tale of Preachers and Beggars:Methodism and Money in the Great Age of Transatlantic Expansion, 1780-1830
Authors: Hempton David
Published: November 2023

Two very different kinds of facts and figures can be brought to bear on Methodism’s great era of expansion throughout the English-speaking world and beyond in the generation after the American and French Revolutions1. The first are membership statistics, which reveal spectacular gains across the North Atlantic world. In England members of Metl1odist societies expanded from 55,705 in 1790 to 285,530 in 1830. In the same period, Irish Metl1odist membership almost doubled and Scottish Methodist membership tripled. Even more dramatically, Methodist membership in Wales increased by a factor of twenty2. But the most dramatic growth of all occurred in America, which had fewer than 1,000 members in 1770 and over 250,000 just fifty years later.
Philadelphia Presbyterians, Capitalism, and the Morality of Economic Success
Authors: Pointer Richard W
Published: November 2023

In a lecture to young people on the Eighth Commandment C’Thou shall not steal’’) in 1830, a prominent Philadelphia minister pronounced that its essential implication was the Christian’s duty to increase his own and his neighbor’s ‘‘worldly prosperity.’’ Fulfilling that duty required choosing the right calling and pursuing it diligently. Industry or hard work was the key to success in any business. Young people simply had to look around and ‘‘see who are the men of wealth.’’ Virtually all of tl1em ‘‘began tl1e world with Iittle often with nothing but tl1eir hands and tl1eir industry.” Fortunately, the minister concluded, ‘‘the same way to wealth’’ was still “equally open to all.”
Trauma in Methodism: Property, Church Schism, and Sectional Polarization in Antebellum America
Authors: Carwardine Richard
Published: November 2023

Agonizing conflicts tore apart most mainstream Protestant churches in ante bellum America. Historians of the onset of the Civil War, the remorseless process of alienation between North and South, have rightly treated these ecclesiastical schisms as early, limited expressions of a wider ideological polarization. The breakdown of a church consensus over Christian slave holding-witl1 immediate abolitionists fashioning a scriptural assault on tl1e peculiar institution and with radical Southern religious leaders pushing towards a proslavery millennialism-left religious institutions open to fracture. No case has been more often cited to show the issue’s convulsive power than tl1e experience of the Methodist Episcopal Church (MEC). At the General Conference of 1844 in New York, a majority of delegates called on Bishop James O. Andrew, recently made a slaveholder by inheritance and remarriage, to stop exercising his episcopal office for as long as he held slaves. That action propelled a sequence of events that brought about tl1e division of what was the largest Protestant denomination in the country. Contemporary political and church leaders alike blamed divergent attitudes toward slavery for the split and reflected on its potentially somber implications for the Union .
Protestant Reasoning about Money and the Economy, 1790-1860:A Preliminary Probe
Authors: Noll Mark A
Published: November 2023

Large, unanswered questions remain for relationships between Protestants and the emerging market economy in the early United States, at least in part be cause there were so many levels to the question and because the changes of the era were so rapid. If the grand interpretations now available for these relationships are inadequate, as suggested especially in the historiographical chapters in this volume on Charles Sellers and E. P. Thompson, a better general interpretation will nonetheless make use of the productive research generated by these two outstanding scholars. Such an explanation will also, however, be especially alert to where historical actors did not sense the moral standoffs perceived by some modern historians between, on the one hand, communities, subsistence, production for local use, humane values, and religion as self-expression and, on the other hand, individuals, profit, production for market exchange, commercial values, and religion as self-control. Above all, a better accounting of Protestants and the mad:et will not scruple to study religion as a motivating factor, as well as a reacting factor; it will be particularly alert for interpretive cues from the history and character of the religion at stake. Although an interpretation of Protestants and money arising from the history and character of Protestants will not necessarily be superior to an interpretation arising from the history and character of market transformations, such an attempt should contribute to a fuller, more historically faithful understanding of the complexities at issue.
For the Common Good?
Authors: Kaufman Jason
Published: November 2023

The Golden Age of Fraternity was a unique time in American History. “Jinners”—and from 1870-1910 more than half of all Americans participated in clubs, fraternities, militias, and mutual benefit societies—helped create a booming associational life in America between the Civil and First World Wars. Today this period is held up as a model for a revitalization of contemporary civil society. But what if these much-admired voluntary organizations more often served parochial reasons than the general good? This work aims to dispel many of the myths about the curative powers of clubbing while bringing to light the hidden lessons therein. Relying on extensive analysis of city directories, club histories and membership lists, Kaufman shows that organizational activity in the late 19th and early 20th centuries had more to do with pragmatic interests than with civic engagement. The rise of associational life began with organizations that helped cover the increasing cost of burial in the decades after the Civil War. It grew by playing on the competitive interests of individuals divided by race, class, and ethnic group—a competition fueled by the mass migration of Europeans, Asians, and black slaves. The decline of associational life, Kaufman contends, began immediately after World War I, not post-50’s, and can be traced to a specific set of micro-economic changes and diminishing immigration and demographic pressures. The end of fraternalism, this provocative study concludes, was a good thing. And therein lies a powerful lesson for contemporary society. Challenging conventional wisdom, Kaufman calls for less attention to voluntarism and more attention to social programs that would span racial and ethnic divides. Of interest to a wide interdisciplinary audience in sociology, history, political science and American studies, this is a highly original work that will attract widespread attention.
Rise and Fall of a Nation of Joiners
Authors: Kaufman Jason
Published: November 2023

On January 3, 1831, three leading citizens of Frankford, Pennsylvania, held a meeting to discuss the creation of the Oxford Provident Building Association, the first ever building and loan association established in the United States. Two of Oxford’s founding members, Samuel Pilling and Jeremiah Horrocks, were prominent textile manufacturers in town, a small Philadelphia suburb of2,000. And, having both emigrated from England, they (apparently) agreed on “the beneficial results which had been achieved by the English building societies in encouraging workingmen to save systematically.”1 Their partner, Henry Taylor, was also Anglo-American, a Frankford physician who, according to record, “had at heart the welfare of the working people among whom he had a large practice.”2
The Stars of Heaven
Authors: Pickover Clifford A
Published: November 2023

Do a little armchair space travel, rub elbows with alien life forms, and stretch your mind to the furthest corners of our uncharted universe. With this astonishing guide book, you need not be an astronomer to explore the mysteries of stars and their profound meaning for human existence. Stars have fascinated humankind since the dawn of history and have allowed us to transcend ordinary lives in our literature, art, and religions. In fact, humans have always looked to the stars as a source of inspiration and transcendence that lifts us beyond the boundaries of ordinary intuition. In the tradition of One Two Three...Infinity, Pickover tackles a range of topics from stellar evolution to the fundamental and awe-inspiring reasons why the universe permits life to flourish. Where did we come from? What is the universe’s ultimate fate? Pickover alternates sections that explain the mysteries of the cosmos with sections that dramatise mind-expanding concepts through a fictional dialogue between futuristic humans and their alien peers who embark on a journey beyond the reader’s wildest imagination. This highly accessible and entertaining approach turns an intimidating subject into a scientific game open to all dreamers. The Stars of Heaven will appeal to scientists and science-fiction enthusiasts, as well as astronomers, theologians, philosophers, and the curious.
Hertzsprung-Russell, Mass-Luminosity Relations, and Binary Stars
Authors: Pickover Clifford A
Published: November 2023

Bob, Mr. Plex, and Miss Muxdröözol are holding hands as they find themselves standing in an endless field of grass. The grass is violet and two to four feet high. The Picasso, Bob’s museum ship, is gone. It is dusk but the grass appears to bioluminesce, making it easy for Bob to see Mr. Plex and Miss Muxdröözol. In the sky is a bright galaxy with a dense spherical core surrounded by several spiral arms.
Heroes—Old Style and New
Authors: Fantham Elaine
Published: November 2023

Ovid’s Metamorphoses derives much of its vitality from the poet’s sheer delight in adventure, and many of the most colorful tales are of the old pre-Homeric heroes, who were sent on missions or wandered the Greek world when it was still under populated, confronting monsters and ridding local communities of brigands and pests. We have already met the dragon that consumed Cadmus’s men when he came to Boeotia to found the city of Thebes, and the heroes of Ovid’s poem hunt down and exterminate other, more conventional pests, such as the fox that Cephalus hunted for the Boeotians, the wolf that preyed on Peleus’s flocks in Thessaly, and most memorably the boar sent by Diana to ravage Calydon, which is hunted by all the brightest and best young warriors of Greece.
Hsieh Liang-tso and the, Analects of Confucius
Authors: Selover Thomas W
Published: November 2023

Hsieh Liang-tso (c.1050-c.1120, known as master Shang-ts’ai) was one of the leading direct disciples of Ch’eng Hao and Ch’eng I, the two brothers who were the early leaders of the Confucian revival known as Neo-Confucianism in Northern Sung China. Hsieh was thus among the first to recognize and follow the insights of the Ch’eng brothers as definitive of the authentic Confucian tradition, a recognition that became the conviction of the majority of later Confucian scholars and practitioners. The present book is a focused analysis of the core value of Confucian thought, namely jen (humanity or co-humanity), through an investigation of Hsieh Liang-tso's analysis of the Analects of Confucius. Selover argues that Hsieh's handling of key issues in interpreting and applying the Confucian Analects, his experiential reasoning and his deference to scriptural classics and earlier tradition, bear important similarities to the practice of theology in Western religious traditions. The volume also contains a translation of Hsieh’s commentary on the Analects, as well as a foreword by the renowned scholar of Confucianism, Tu Wei-ming.
Introduction: A Comparative Framework
Authors: Selover Thomas W
Published: November 2023

Hsieh Liang-tso iiM.S!½: (c.1050-c.1120), master Shang-ts’ai t :$t;§:., was one of the leading disciples of Ch’eng Hao fj ffi (1032-1085) and his younger brother Ch’eng I fj M(1033-1107).1 Together, they were central figures in the early Tao-hsiieh iti or Neo-Confucian movement.2 Concentrating on Hsieh and his interpretation of the Confucian Analects i ,the main theme of this book is “humane learning” or jen-hsiieh f= ,3 supplemented by the concept of “authentic transmission.” The wider interpretive context for this inquiry is the comparative study of religion, with emphasis on what could be called “comparative theology.” This introduction will briefly set out relevant features of the comparative context, exploring the religiousness of the Confucian tradition as one of its central features.
Authentic Transmission and Humane Learning
Authors: Selover Thomas W
Published: November 2023

James T. C. Liu has called attention to the 1136 memorial by Chu Chen introduced in chapter 1 as the first formal statement in an official document of the concept of “Tao-t’ung’ :iHMt, the orthodox transmission of the Way.1 Liu has a point in that several elements manifested in Chu Chen’s memorial did become part of the concept of the Tao-t’ung as “a single lineal transmission of exclusive orthodoxy.”2 The lineal transmission from Confucius to Tseng-tzu to Tzu-ssu to Mencius (incidentally grouping the Four Books as a set) and the hiatus of more than a thousand years until the Ch’eng brothers are all clearly stated in the memorial.
Rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Koehn Cheryl , Palmer Taysha , Esdaile John
Published: November 2023

In The Heart of Grief, Attig gives us an inspiring and profoundly insightful meditation on the meaning of grief, showing how it can be the path toward a lasting love of those who have died. Recounting dozens of stories of people who have struggled with deaths in their lives, he describes grieving as a transition from loving in presence to loving in separation. The thing we long for most—the return of the one who is missing—is the very thing that we can never have, kindling the intense pain of our loss. But Attig argues that we can, in fact, build an enduring, even reciprocal, love, a love that tempers our pain. He tells stories, for instance, of a young girl taking some of her dead sister's practical advice as she enters high school, a widower realizing how much intimate life with his wife has colored his character, and an athlete drawing inspiration from his dead brother and achieving what they had dreamed of together. Far from forgetting our loved ones, Attig urges us to explore ways in which our memories of the departed can be sustained, our understanding of them enhanced, and their legacies embraced, so they continue to play active roles in our everyday and inner lives. Groundbreaking and original, inspiring and compassionate, The Heart of Grief offers guidance, comfort, and a new understanding of how we grieve.
Brains, Inc.
Authors: Mills C Wright
Published: November 2023

OF all middle-class groups, intellectuals are the most far-flung and heterogeneous. Unlike small businessmen, factory workers, or filing clerks, intellectuals have been relatively classless. They have n common origin and share no common social destiny. They differ widely in income and in status; some live, residentially and intellectually, in suburban slums; others, in propaganda bureaus of continent-wide nations. Many intellectuals are members of the old middle class; they work a specialized market made up of editors and business managers, as entrepreneurs using their education and their verbal skills as capital. Others are primarily new middle class: their styles of life and of work are set by their position as salaried employees in various white-collar pyramids. Many professional people, by virtue of their education and leisure, have a good chance to become intellectuals, and many intellectuals earn their living by practicing some profession. Moreover, people of professional skills form a substantial proportion of the intellectuals’ public. So what happens to professsional and technical groups also affects the intellectuals’ conditions of work and life. Intellectuals cannot be defined as a single social unit, but rather as a scattered set of grouplets. They must be defined in terms of their function and their subjective characteristics rather than in terms of their social position: as people who specialize in symbols, the intellectuals produce, distribute, and preserve distinct forms of consciousness.
The New Middle Class: II
Authors: Mills C Wright
Published: November 2023

EVER since the new middle class began numerically to displace the old, its political role has been an object of query and debate. The political question has been closely linked with another-that of the position of new middle-class occupations in modern stratification. This linkage of politics and stratification was all the more to be . expected inasmuch as the white-collar man as a sociological creature was first discovered by Marxian theoreticians in search of recruits for the proletarian movement. They expected that society would be polarized into class-conscious proletariat and bourgeoisie, that in their general decline the in-between-layers would choose one side or the other-or at least keep out of the way of the major protagonists. Neither of these expectations, however, had been realized when socialist theoreticians and party bureau-crats began at the opening of the present century to tinker with the classic perspective. In trying to line up the new population into those who could and those who could not be relied upon to support their struggle, party statisticians ran squarely into the numerical upsurge of the white-collar salariat. The rise of these groups as a problem for Marxists signalized a shift from the simple property versus no-property dichotomy to differentiations within the no-property groups. It focused attention upon occupational structure.
White-Collar Unionism
Authors: Mills C Wright
Published: November 2023

In the minds of the white-collar workers a struggle has been going on between economic reality and anti-union feeling. Whatever their aspirations, white-collar people have been pushed by twentieth-century facts toward the wage-worker kind of organized economic life, and slowly their illusions have been moving into closer harmony with the terms of their existence. They are becoming aware that the world of the old middle class, the community of entrepreneurs, has given way to a new society in which they, the white-collar workers, are part of a world of dependent employees. Now alongside unions of steel workers and coal miners, there are unions of office workers and musicians, salesgirls and insurance men.
Trading by Insiders
Authors: Singal Vijay
Published: November 2023

Trading by insiders potentially conveys new information about the prospects of a company. Insiders have far superior knowledge about the company and the industry than the market. With this knowledge, their predictions of future trends are likely to be more accurate than the predictions based on publicly available information. Therefore, mimicking the trades of insiders generates above-normal annual returns of 10–15 percent.

To mimic insider trades, however, outsiders must first learn about those trades. A change in the SEC reporting requirement makes the information relating to insider trades more current and more readily available. Since September 2002, insiders are required to report large trades to the SEC within two business days. Earlier, insiders could have waited as long as forty calendar days before reporting trades.

Alleged insider trading by Martha Stewart made big news in 2002.1 It is believed that she sold her holding of Imclone stock based on a tip from the then CEO of Imclone. The tip came a day prior to public disclosure of the FDA’s decision to delay approval of a drug application submitted by Imclone. More than a decade ago, Ivan Boesky (see Chapter 9, on merger arbitrage) was jailed for insider trading and fined $100 million. Since the media focuses on illegal insider trading, many investors mistakenly believe that all insider trading is illegal. In reality, however, insider trading can be either legal or illegal.
Bias in Currency Forward Rates
Authors: Singal Vijay
Published: November 2023

Currency forward rates are determined in accordance with interest rate parity, such that the total returns from investment in two risk-free assets are identical. Equivalence of returns implies that the forward rate fore-sees the currency with a higher interest rate falling in value. However, the evidence reveals that currencies with higher interest rates do not actually fall as much as implied by the forward rate, creating the forward rate bias. A trading strategy that short-sells currencies with low interest rates and buys currencies with high interest rates can generate abnormal profits.

The topic of this chapter is different from other chapters: it is slightly more complex and related to currencies rather than stocks, but it is nonetheless extremely important. From a trading perspective, the bias discussed in this chapter has been documented in several hundred research papers and many books. Institutional investors, hedge funds, banks, currency traders, and many other market professionals periodically try to take advantage of this bias. The forward rate bias, as it is generally known, is also related to international investing and currency hedging.
Intersecting Pathways
Authors: Krell Marc A
Published: November 2023

Marc A. Krell analyzes the theologies of four twentieth-century Jewish thinkers - Hans Joachim Schoeps, Franz Rosenzweig, Richard Rubenstein, and Irving Greenberg - who have constructed theologies based on their interaction with Christian thought and culture. Their work reflects a common attempt to understand the impact of Christian culture on the historical events prior to and following the Holocaust, and to reevaluate the relationship between the two religions in light of a history of theological anti-Judaism and modern, racial antisemitism.
Finish His Dirty Job
Authors: Walker Ronald W , Turley Richard E , Leonard Glen M
Published: November 2023

James Haslam’s ride north through Parowan late Monday afternoon brought Dame word that the emigrants had gotten into a difficult with Indians at Mountain Meadows. Whether Dame believed the message or read between the lines is unclear. But he heard enough to summon a council for advice that evening. The Parowan men “decided to render aid and protection to the emigrants, should they call for assistance,” remembered one of the council participants. “Otherwise it was considered just, in view of the threats and insults the company had offered to the Saints in passing through the settlements, to let them fight it out with the Indians as best they could.”
Too Late to Back Water
Authors: Walker Ronald W , Turley Richard E , Leonard Glen M
Published: November 2023

As the Horror of the massacre unfolded on that Friday afternoon, militia courier Joseph Clewes hurried his mule from the Meadows to Cedar City. While Clewes sped east, two westbound horsemen rode toward him—Elias Morris, a militia captain and one of Haight’s two counselors in the stake presidency, and Christopher J. Arthur, Haight’s son-in-law. Morris and Arthur had left Cedar for the Meadows that morning, purportedly to check out the “many conflicting and terrible reports” about events there. According to Morris, before they left town Haight encouraged him “to use his infiuence in the interest of peace, and do everything possible to avert the shedding of blood.”
Introduction
Authors: Yavuz M Hakan
Published: November 2023

On June 28, 1996, for the first time since the formation of the Turkish Republic in 1923, Turkey’s prime minister was a leader whose avowed political philosophy and personal identity was based on Islam. By winning 2r.3 percent of the total vote, along with 158 seats in the 550-seat Parliament, the Welfare Party (RP: Refah Partisi), after intensive maneuvering, was able to form a coalition government with the True Path Party (DYP: Doĝru Yol Partisi) of Tansu Çiller This coalition between the pro-Islamic prime minister Necmettin Erbakan and the Europhile-secularist Çiller aptly reflected the dualistic tensions inherent in contemporary Turkish identity and held promise for the dawn of a new era in state-society interactions in Turkey. However, this promising start at reconciling the deep social fissures introduced by the radical secular reforms of Mustafa Kemal and his followers was derailed abruptly by the militarybureaucratic establishment’s “soft coup” of February 28, 1997.
From Slavery to Freedom
Authors: Franklin John Hope , Schweninger Loren
Published: November 2023

Sally Thomas was so well-known in Nashville by the 1840s that many residents thought she was free and owned her own home. She was respected by whites as an industrious, dependable, intelligent, and skillful laundress; she was admired by blacks as a devoted mother and grandmother who had made great sacrifices to protect her family. In fact, she was such a fixture in the city that when the United States census marshal arrived at 10 Deaderick Street in the summer of 1840, he listed her by name as the head of the household. It was extremely rare for slaves to be cited in such a manner; in fact, census takers were instructed only to check a box designating an age range for each slave. For example, the unnamed male slave in Sally Thomas’s household, listed as between the ages of ten and twenty-three, was her twelve-year-old son James. The year after the census taker cited her as a resident of Nashville’s Third Ward, Sally’s two grandchildren, John and James Rapier, arrived in the city to begin their schooling. Sally nurtured her grandsons as she had nurtured her own children, guiding and protecting them during most of the next decade. She also provided a room, helped pay for their board, and sometimes paid their tuition of one dollar per month.
Pilgrims from the Vacuum 1890– 1920
Authors: Jenkins Philip
Published: November 2023

Americans read about the exotic Indian cultures of the West and Southwest, and they could see photographs, but critically, from the end of the nineteenth century, they were also likely to travel to these regions themselves. Tourism and travel fostered an enthusiastic interest in Indian life, and focused on religious, ritual, and ceremonial aspects of those cultures. Since travelers were most likely to encounter the elaborate cultures of the Southwest, those glamorous rituals came to symbolize Indian religion for the white audience. Seeing southwestern religion as a microcosm of the Native experience as a whole was multiply misleading, but the long-term political effects were beneficial. The more white travelers knew and enjoyed their contacts with Pueblos or Navajos, the less willing they would be to see those customs and rituals suppressed.By the era of the First World War, Indian religion was attracting attentionthat went beyond mere sympathy for the downtrodden. Significant numbers of influential Americans were prepared to defend Indian spirituality, and even, on occasion, to assert its superiority to white ways.
Crisis in Red Atlantis 1914–1925
Authors: Jenkins Philip
Published: November 2023

All Indian “dances” are ceremonies of a religious nature, and cannot be described without reference to the life and beliefs of the Indian. Even the medicine men, less frequent today than formerly, are deeply religious in significance The ancient ways were now endangered by social and political trends that were pushing toward forcible assimilation. The First World War, which discredited Western civilization in the eyes of some intellectuals, also promoted the growth of the federal government, and encouraged intervention— even regimentation — in moral matters. In the second decade of the century, too, Americans were debating new concepts of racial and national identity. Mass immigration provoked demands for homogenization, for Americanization, while the wartime rhetoric of national unity reduced toleration for dissent and dissenters. Between 1919 and 1925, a series of Supreme Court decisions on free speech and political dissent placed severe limits on the First Amendment right to free expression. Repeatedly, too, religious minorities ran afoul of new laws intended to promote conformity. Pacifist sects suffered for draft resistance during the war years, and during the early 1920s, the Amish were persecuted and jailed for refusing to send their children to public schools. In the name of assimilation, some states tried to force all children into the state schools, including Roman Catholics. Not until 1925 did the Supreme Court temper these efforts, reaffirming that “the child is not the mere creature of the state.
Vision Quests 1960–1980
Authors: Jenkins Philip
Published: November 2023

In my vision I saw people returning to the land with a new humbleness and respect for the Earth Mother. I saw new ceremonies coming out of the old.Through American history, romantic Indian images are most sought after in eras of alienation and crisis. Not surprisingly, then, the greatest surge of interest in things Indian to date occurred during the 1960s, as Native issues became inextricably linked with other critical social and political concerns. Quite rapidly, sympathy for Indians was transformed into an active interest in pursuing Native spirituality, a quest that soon unearthed rich materials from earlier eras of enthusiasm: the works of Frank Waters, the accounts of Black Elk offered by John Neihardt and Joseph Epes Brown, the diverse visions of the Indian as Natural Mystic and Child of Nature. Culturally, most modern attitudes toward Indian culture and religion can be traced to the traumatic circumstances of America 1970.
Keeping Water Out
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward
Published: November 2023

Elaborate and expensive precautions are taken in buildings to prevent the entry of even a drop or two of water, because water is an agent of destruction. Water chills the skin, destroys the insulating value of clothing and building fabric, and raises the moisture content of the air in buildings to unhealthy levels. Water is the universal solvent, dissolving many materials used in building interiors and encouraging the staining or corrosion of others. Water is a necessity for all forms of life, including bacteria, molds, mildew, other fungi, plants, and insects.
Seeing and Illumination
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward
Published: November 2023

We gather most of our information about the world through our eyes. Eyes are organs capable of sensing a portion of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation that we call light. We perceive the longest visible wavelengths as red in color and progressively shorter wave lengths as orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet (13.1). “Colorless” light, which we perceive as white, is in reality a balanced mixture of all the wavelengths, whereas black is an absence of light.
Providing Structural Support
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward
Published: November 2023

A building is constantly being pushed and pulled by various forces. The most constant force is gravity exerting its downward pull on the fixed components of the building-roofs, walls, windows, floors, partitions, stairs, fireplaces-a force referred to as the dead load of the building. The live loads of the building include the less constant forces-the shifting, varying weights of people, furnishings, goods, and vehicles; the weight of snow on the roof; the pressures (pre dominantly horizontal) of wind on the walls. Earthquakes, which cause rapidly fluctuating horizontal displacements of the ground on which a building stands, also cause horizontal live loads.
Controlling Fire
Authors: Allen Edward , Swoboda David , Allen Edward
Published: November 2023

A building supplies a concentration of fuel for an accidental fire. A wooden building is itself a source of fuel, but even a concrete or steel building usually contains furniture, paper, carpets, and combustible building materials such as wood paneling and plastic insulating materials. Oil, gas, gasoline, paints, rubber, chemicals, and other highly flammable materials are often present in buildings.