bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEBEBASAN HAKIM PERDATA DALAM PENEMUAN HUKUM DAN ANTINOMI DALAM PENERAPANNYA
Authors: Butarbutar Elisabeth Nurhaini
Published: August 2023

Judiciary independence is observed in every stage in discovery of law process and manifested in the freedom of judges to determine the actual concrete event. Legal discrepancy between this principle and other norms in procedural laws may exist even though these norms and principles are not mutually exclusive. Penerapan asas kebebasan hakim dilakukan dalam setiap tahap kegiatan penemuan hukum dan diwujudkan dengan kebebasan hakim untuk menetapkan peristiwa konkrit yang benar-benar terjadi. Dalam penerapan asas ini terdapat antinomi dengan asas hukum acara lainnya, tetapi semua asas itu dapat berjalan secara bersama-sama.Penerapan asas kebebasan hakim dilakukan dalam setiap tahap kegiatan penemuan hukum dan diwujudkan dengan kebebasan hakim untuk menetapkan peristiwa konkrit yang benar-benar terjadi. Dalam penerapan asas ini terdapat antinomi dengan asas hukum acara lainnya, tetapi semua asas itu dapat berjalan secara bersama-sama.
PERBEDAAN PENDAPAT DALAM PUTUSAN-PUTUSAN DI PENGADILAN NEGERI YOGYAKARTA DAN PENGADILAN NEGERI SLEMAN
Authors: Wijayanta Tata , Firmansyah Hery
Published: August 2023

Judges may write a dissenting opinion in court judgments. However, this practice seems to be rarely observed in both civil and criminal cases at Yogyakarta District Court and Sleman District Court. From 2004- 2010, only 4 out of 6.634 court judgments are rendered with dissenting opinions appended. Hakim dapat menulis pendapat yang berbeda dalam putusan pengadilan. Namun praktik penulisan perbedaan pendapat ini belum banyak diikuti di Pengadilan Negeri Yogyakarta dan Pengadilan Negeri Sleman. Perbedaan pendapat hanya terdapat dalam 4 putusan dari 6.634 putusan pengadilan selama tahun 2004 sampai 2010.
PERANAN KOORDINASI PENYELESAIAN PERMASALAHAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SENGKETA LINGKUNGAN DI DIY
Authors: Herliana Mrs.
Published: August 2023

The Environmental Dispute Resolution Coordination (KP2LH) plays significant roles in settling environmental disputes in DIY. It enjoys tremendous success as it has settled almost every environmental disputes brought to it. However, improvements shall be made, incuding equipping KP2LH members with mediation skills and sufficient knowledge on environmental law.Koordinasi Penyelesaian Permasalahan Lingkungan Hidup (KP2LH) memiliki peranan yang penting di DIY mengingat banyaknya sengketa lingkungan yang telah berhasil diselesaikan. Akan tetapi, diperlukan peningkatan kualitas KP2LH, terutama dalam bentuk pembekalan anggotanya dengan kemampuan mediasi dan pengetahuan hukum lingkungan yang cukup.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA DI LUAR NEGERI
Authors: Husni Lalu
Published: August 2023

The silence of regulations pertaining to the protection and placement of Indonesian migrant workers shows that tha Indonesian nation’s Rechtsidee, the Pancasila, has not been manifested. We identify that the migrant workers are oblivious to the applicable regulations, not to mention the conflicts of law and their weak enforcement.Tidak berlakunya peraturan penempatan dan perlindungan TKI, belum mencerminkan cita hukum (rechtsidee) bangsa Indonesia sebagai nilai positif yang tertinggi yakni Pancasila khususnya sila kedua. Secara yuridis tidak sinkron secara vertikal maupun horisontal. Sedangkan secara sosiologis kurangnya tingkat kesadaran hukum TKI, kurangnya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum yang lemah.
Kegagalan Pengendalian Alih Fungsi Tanah dalam Perspektif Penatagunaan Tanah di Indonesia
Authors: Listyawati Hery
Published: August 2023

Annual field records show a failure in the regulation of land conversion, a situation which reflects the poor implementation of numerous Indonesian agrarian policies, including farmland conversion, land use, and spatial planning. Six attempts to control the land conversion and land use in Indonesia are formulated in this writing.  Catatan lapangan tahunan menggambarkan adanya kegagalan pengendalian alih fungsi tanah, yang secara umum menunjukkan kegagalan implementasi berbagai kebijakan agraria yang termasuk di dalamnya alih fungsi tanah pertanian, penatagunaan tanah, dan penataan ruang di Indonesia. Tulisan ini merumuskan enam upaya untuk mengendalikan alih fungsi dan penatagunaan tanah di Indonesia.
Pemberdayaan Hukum dan Kebijakan Pertanahan sebagai Upaya Penertiban dan Pendayagunaan Tanah Telantar
Authors: Arba Mr. , Sahnan Mr. , Wahyuningsih Wiwiek
Published: August 2023

This research aims to identify law enforcement efforts in controlling and empowering idle land in Nusa Tenggara Barat. Result shows that National Land Agency and government have issued numerous legal instruments to address this problem. However, they are hindered by the weak regulations and various economic, social, and political conditions.  Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan upaya pemberdayaan hukum dalam menertibkan dan mendayagunakan tanah telantar di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Badan Pertanahan Nasional dan pemerintah telah menerbitkan berbagai instrumen hukum untuk menjawab permasalahan ini. Akan tetapi, instrumen-instrumen ini terhambat oleh lemahnya peraturan dan berbagai kondisi ekonomi, sosial, dan politik.
Domestic Violence and the Way Forward
Authors: Westendorp Ingrid
Published: August 2023

Even though States have undertaken more actions to protect the victims and punish the perpetrators in domestic violence cases, not enough attention is being paid to the unequal socio-economic position of women. This writing will analyse ways and means that may lead to the abolition of discrimination against women.  Walaupun Negara telah berupaya menghukum pelaku kekerasan dalam rumahtangga dan melindungi korbannya, perhatian terhadap posisi sosio-ekonomi wanita masih belum cukup diberikan. Tulisan ini akan menganalisis upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengakhiri tindakan diskriminatif terhadap hak-hak wanita.
Akibat Hukum Bagi Bank Bila Kewajiban Modal Inti Minimum Tidak Terpenuhi
Authors: Aryatie Indira Retno , Nugroho Adityo Waskito
Published: August 2023

As an implementation of the Indonesian Banking Architecture policy, the government issues Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 9/16/ PBI/2007 on Minimum Tier One Capital that increases the minimum capital to 100 billion rupiah. This writing discusses the legal complication that a bank will face should it fail to fulfil the minimum ratio. Sebagai tindak lanjut dari kebijakan Arsitektur Perbankan Indonesia, pemerintah mengeluarkan Peraturan Bank Indonesia 9/16/PBI/2007 tentang Kewajiban Modal Inti Minimum Bank yang menaikkan modal inti minimum bank umum menjadi 100 miliar rupiah. Tulisan ini membahas akibat hukum yang akan dialami bank bila kewajiban modal minimum tersebut gagal dipenuhi.
Perjanjian Lisensi Merek Terkenal
Authors: Sujatmiko Agung
Published: August 2023

Licensing agreement is an approach to protect the exclusive right of trademark. This agreement contains the principles of freedom of contract, mutualism, the utmost good faith, consensualism, and equality. Any dispute regarding the licensing agreement of a well-known mark may be resolved in a court trial or in an arbitration. Perjanjian lisensi adalah suatu cara melindungi hak atas merek yang bersifat khusus. Perjanjian ini mengandung lima prinsip hukum kontrak, yakni kebebasan berkontrak, saling menguntungkan, itikad baik, kesepakatan dan kesederajatan. Perselisihan yang berkaitan dengan perjanjian lisensi merek terkenal bisa diselesaikan di pengadilan atau melalui alternatif penyelesaian sengketa.
Eksistensi Hukum Adat dalam Konstitusi Negara Pasca Amandemen
Authors: Maladi Yanis
Published: August 2023

As a manifestation of our indigenous laws, adat law is an important source in our national legislation. Being aware that the government should recognise both moral values and formal written laws, this article explores the existence of adat law in the Indonesian constitution since our independence to today’s Reformasi era.   Hukum adat di Indonesia dipandang sebagai sumber pembentukan hukum nasional karena merupakan perwujudan dari hukum asli bangsa kita. Oleh karena pemerintah seyogyanya tidak hanya memerhatikan hukum formal belaka, namun juga nilai-nilai moral, tulisan ini mencoba mengeksplorasi eksistensi hukum adat dalam konstitusi bangsa Indonesia mulai dari awal kemerdekaan hingga era Reformasi.
Penataan Pedagang Kaki Lima Kuliner untuk Mewujudkan Fungsi Tata Ruang Kota di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Sleman
Authors: Puspitasari Dinarjati Eka
Published: August 2023

Even though street vendors in Yogyakarta and Sleman bring in a huge amount of income for the city budget, they are often ignorant to public space regulations. This research aims to find an arrangement model for street vendors in accordance to the city spatial plan. Jumlah pedagang kaki lima di Yogyakarta dan Sleman yang relatif banyak memang mendatangkan pemasukan bagi daerah, namun di sisi lain aktivitas mereka mengganggu kawasan ruang publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pola penataan pedagang yang sesuai dengan tataruang kawasan publik sehingga diharapkan dapat menjadi model pengaturan pedagang di Yogyakarta dan Sleman.
Politik Hukum Pemberian Hak Guna Usaha Setelah Berlakunya Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 dan Implikasinya terhadap Nasib Petani
Authors: Parwati Ni Ketut Sri , Sudjito Mr.
Published: August 2023

Application policy of Investment Act (Undang-Undang Penanaman Modal/UUPM) Number 25 of 2007 about Capital investment can bring negative implication to fate of farmer. UUPM hardly clearly gives amenity to investor to obtain farm and tends to give the big trust to investor to build the economic of Indonesia. The amenitys that is given to investor can be misused if there is not followed by readiness of the law structure with having enough ability to implement the substance of UUPM causing can give the negative implication to fate of farmer. Until now, the implementation of vesting policy of HGU still has many harvesting problem between entrepreneurs with public that occupying on the area around of HGU. The application of policy that applying of vesting of HGU after implementing of UUPM has give ever greater gain to entrepreneur because the duration of domination of extendable HGU at the first time. The Government needs to take the normatif of rule that remain to the farmer to gets justice and prosperity while investor still can inculcate the legal capital and has the business in Indonesia. In this case, the law structure prepared to beginning of UUPM must really brood in order not to invite abuse to vesting of HGU to investor. This thing is enabled by HGU that can be transferred or transferred to other party according to PP Nomor 40 Tahun 1996, while UUPM only arrange the duration of vesting of HGU. Visible capital investment act as indication that there is no motivation for economics independence of public, the policy takers doesn’t believe the Indonesian farmer can build plantation, agriculture and fishery or even is improved to become company. This act exactly trusts in investor that is most accurate cluster in giving the huge of land, whereas Indonesian farmer becomes cheap labour only. This is the main characteristic of colonial agrarian law that reanimated on behalf of INVESTMENT. Our farmer is not really poor; however they impoverished by regulation and legislation which nonalignment to Indonesian public.
Upaya Perlindungan Hak-Hak Tersangka/Terdakwa Melalui Mekanisme Praperadilan di Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Ismail Dian Ekawaty , Tamu Yowan
Published: August 2023

Building justice through judicature institution always contends with consequence which sacrifices the suspected as being object of investigation. There is a guarantee called “presumption of innocence”, but the guarantee is not representative enough, there must be still a guarantee that the position of the suspected is quiet strong, not only as object, but also, as possible as being subject, and law officers effort to find fair decisions. With the existing of prejudge, in hope, Criminal affairs will run well which is suitable with the current regulation. Arresting, jailing etc can not be accomplished at haphazard. The whole is to manifest law protection of human rights in order not to be violated. Besides it, the existence of prejudge in hope, is able to help and gives the protection of law to the basic rights of the accused as an effort to protect the one from forced trial by investigators and public prosecutors. Therefore, automatically the rights of the accused can also be protected. The execution of prejudge as managed within KUH Pidana is influenced by several factors such as: first, prejudge as the law protection of human rights. Second: prejudge as the instrument to control the investigator and prosecutor, Besides the factor as explained above, there are also barriers in the execution of prejudge. The hindering factor of prejudge execution consists, such as; First the prejudge practice is still rare. second, the basic difference of judge’s decision of sentence, third, limited time for inspection of prejudge affairs.
Hak Ulayat Laut dalam Perspektif Otonomi Daerah di Kepulauan Kei dan Papua
Authors: Hammar Roberth Kurniawan Ruslak
Published: August 2023

Structure of customary right for land go out to sea as source of subsistence at society of Moluccas and Papua, existence still be confessed and adhered, goodness by citizen of federation punish, and also the foreigner, and if impinged to be sanctioned coherent. Autono­mous execution of area hotly the reform and on the side of socialize, giving living space for execution of rights of customary right for land of deep sea construct reinforcement of rights socialize custom utilize to support area development.
Penegakan Hukum Kehutanan dalam Rangka Antisipasi Dampak Climate Change di Indonesia
Authors: Handayani I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi
Published: August 2023

Indonesia’s forest resources and watersheds are not contributing as they should to poverty reduction, economic and social development, and environmental sustainability. Instead, forest areas are threatened with degradation, fragmentation and destruction. A quarter of the “state forest area” lacks tree cover. In recent years, Indonesia has been losing up to 2 million hectares annually, mainly due to illegal cutting and land conversion fueled by excess processing capacity and a lack of effective management and law enforcement. Forest loss undermines rural livelihoods, ecosystem services and Indonesia’s ability to meet poverty alleviation goals. Poor forest governance damages the investment climate, rural economic potential, and Indonesia’s competitiveness and international reputation. Forest crime exacerbates problems of budget and fiscal balance, and diverts public revenues that could be better spent on poverty reduction and development goals. As Indonesia moves from transition to stabilization and growth, there is a tremendous opportunity to help the government find new ways of managing forest areas in partnership with local communities, contributing to democracy, justice, equity, rural sector investment, jobs and growth.
Peran Hukum dalam Memberikan Perlindungan terhadap Perempuan dari Tindak Kekerasan di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Widyastuti A. Reni
Published: August 2023

Protection towards woman from violence is our responsibility as individual, society, law enforcer and government. Woman or a group of woman can file accusation to CEDAW committee (Convention on the Elimination of all forms of discrimination Against Women), concerning heavy infringement and systematic that in self or a woman group, done by person or country of CEDAW signatory countries. Law gives protection towards woman from act violence enforceable by: woman cognizance enhanced towards right and the duty; society cognizance enhanced about the important effort overcomes violence towards woman; law enforcer apparatus cognizance enhanced; aid enhanced and counseling toward victim; construction programmed enhanced toward victim and executants; increase character mass media; reconstruction of criminal justice system; and international coordination in crime tackling agreement towards women.
Efektivitas Pengawasan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan terhadap Peredaran Produk Pangan Olahan Impor dalam Mewujudkan Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Nurhayati Irna
Published: August 2023

This research has two purposes. First, to argue the effectiveness of control by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control concerning distribution of imported processed food products in establishing consumer protection. Second, to analyze the obstacles faced by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control in the distribution control of imported processed food products in Indonesia. The research result shows that, first: the control by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control concerning distribution of imported processed food products in establishing consumer protection in Indonesia is ineffective yet. The proof is that there are imported processed food products which are illegal and still distributed in Indonesia without permission, also unsafe to be consumed. Moreover, there are imported processed food products which contain dangerous materials and danger to be consumed even though they have license to be distributed in Indonesia. Second, the obstacles faced by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control in controlling the imported processing food products in Indonesia include two categories, the internal and external aspects.
Perkawinan di Bawah Umur dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana dan Hukum Islam
Authors: Supriyadi Mr. , Harahab Yulkarnain
Published: August 2023

Most Islamic scholars agree that underage marriage is permissible under certain conditions. Furthermore, supported by the fact that our legal system does not incriminate such marriage and there is still controversy in the society regarding this issue, underage marriage should not be criminalized in the future laws. Kebanyakan ulama Muslim sepakat bahwa pernikahan di bawah umur halal dengan beberapa syarat. Dengan demikian, didukung dengan fakta bahwa sistem hukum kita tidak mengkriminalisasi pernikahan seperti itu dan bahwa isu ini masih menjadi perdebatan di masyarakat, pernikahan dini tidak boleh dikriminalisasi dalam hukum yang akan datang.
ATURAN PERANG DI LAUT: SAN REMO MANUAL SEBAGAI SUMBER HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Narwati Enny
Published: August 2023

Law of naval warfare did not develop since Den Haag Convention in 1907. In 1994, international community was succeeding in making a regulation on naval warfare, which could be used by countries, which did naval warfare. That regulation called San Remo Manual. This Manual was prepared by famous international law scholars and members of navy around the world, in their individual capacity. The making of this Manual can be done with fully supported from International Institute of International Humanitarian Law and International Committee of the Red Cross. However, in international law, San Remo Manual does not have law enforcement and can not be the source of international law if there are armed conflicts between states in naval warfare. In order to be categorized as the source of international law, this manual should be in the form of an international convention or until all of the regulation in this Manual becomes an international customary law.
PELAKSANAAN TAX COMPLIANCE DALAM UPAYA OPTIMALISASI PENERIMAAN PAJAK DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hasan Dahliana
Published: August 2023

The result showed that tax compliance was not internalized yet within taxpayerself either individual or corporate. This was proven by failing to fulfill the cumulative tax compliance criteria. There were some supporting factors of tax compliance such as tax socialization through radio and newspapers and a new taxpayer would be invited to follow the seminar on taxation every 25th permonth, however, there were also some obstacle factors either done by fiscus (government) or done by taxpayers which have made tax compliance could not perform well. As a consequence, the optimum tax revenue in Yogyakarta could not be reached.
KEWENANGAN PENGADILAN NIAGA DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERKARA PERNIAGAAN LAIN BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 37 TAHUN 2004
Authors: Wijayanta Tata
Published: August 2023

The research is a qualitative research. The data which is used are primary and sec­ondary data from library and field research. The research aims to analyze the authority of the commercial court to examine and settle commercial case. The definition and means of the other commercial case which have been examined and settled by the commercial court. The result of research shows that the commercial court has carried out the authority since 2001. Besides, commercial cases include trade mark case, patents, copy right and industrial designs. From 2001 up to 2006, four hundreds and seven (407) cases have been examined and settled by the court. The most are trade mark disputes, with two  hundreds and seventy two (272) disputes (91,4%).
An Investigation and Analysis of Student Participation in the Internal Governance of Chinese Universities
Authors: Zhang Yin , Gao Xuan
Published: August 2023

College students are an indispensable and important subject in the internal governance of universities. In order to understand the basic situation of student participation in current university governance, this study selected 158 students from more than 10 different types of universities in eastern, central, and western China as questionnaire survey subjects. The results show that college students in the new era have actively paid attention to and participated in the internal governance of universities, but there are problems such as students not understanding whether the university has set up a system for student participation in university internal governance, and the standardization, rationality, comprehensiveness, and effectiveness of rules and regulations are lacking; students are not highly satisfied with the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of participation content, and the participation content has not been highly advanced with the times; participation channels have not yet fully met student needs, and urgently need to be improved in terms of convenience and effectiveness; the construction of a supervision and guarantee mechanism for student participation in university internal governance is not widespread enough, and corresponding measures or mechanisms are not comprehensive enough. To this end, it should be improved from four aspects: strengthening the construction of rules and regulations system, optimizing participation content, improving participation channels, and strengthening supervision and guarantee.
The State and Development Guidelines for Science Teaching and Learning Management of Primary Schools in Guangdong, China
Authors: Gao Yan , Punchatree Nuttamon , Intarasompun Wichian
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of science teaching management in primary schools in Guangdong Province, and to propose development guidelines. The sample group included 226 primary school teachers in Guangdong Province, and five of them were randomly interviewed. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. According to the interview and the current development policy of primary school science teaching management in Guangdong Province, the future development of science discipline should pay attention to the concept of quality education, practical ability and scientific thinking training; Teachers should pay attention to the combination of systematic knowledge and science curriculum practice in teaching; At the same time, science teachers should innovate teaching methods, pay attention to personalized teaching and make full use of teaching resources.
Research on the Application Strategy of Virtual Reality Technology under the Background of Media Integration -- Take Chinese Minnan Culture Short Video as an Example
Authors: Shi Jingyuan , Yang Jialing , Yu Lin
Published: August 2023

In this study, an experiment was designed to verify the communication effects and impacts of virtual reality technology on the viewers of a short video on Minnan cultural content. A control experiment and a questionnaire survey were chosen as the main research methods. According to the requirements of the experiment, the research subjects meeting the requirements were selected and divided into the control group and the experimental group. At the end of the experiment, a questionnaire survey was conducted on all the participants. The results and data of the questionnaire were analyzed at the end.By analyzing the data from the results of the questionnaire and with almost similar other variables in the control group, the minor effects of some subjective and objective factors on the experiment were excluded. The samples of the two groups showed significant differences in all eight items of the questionnaire, including the degree of interest in the content of the short videos, the richness of the content of the short videos, the rating of the degree of integration of the traditional culture and the short videos, the rating of the sense of visual experience and satisfaction with the content of this part of the short videos, the willingness to create this kind of short videos, the likelihood of recommending this kind of short videos to your family members or friends, the complete explanation of the connotation of traditional culture by using the short videos, and whether or not it will attract you to watch the similar content the next time, and the question of whether the traditional culture is fully explained through the short videos.It was found by analyzing the result data of this experiment and the questionnaire survey conducted after the experiment. Compared with Group B who watched the short video of Minnan culture supported by virtual reality technology, the audience of Group A had a better sense of video viewing and content experience, and gained a better viewing and using experience. This method makes traditional culture better disseminated and presented with the help of virtual reality technology. Therefore, we believe that combining virtual reality technology with short videos of Minnan culture can better spread the traditional culture of Minnan. And virtual reality technology has the characteristics of low cost and easy to operate. It is convenient for short video creators to choose and create.
Multimodal Interpretation Studies in China
Authors: Qin Wenxinxin
Published: August 2023

In recent years, interpretation researchers have gradually realized the multimodal nature of interpretation and begun to observe and analyze interpretation activities from a multimodal perspective. This article analyzes high-quality articles on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from 2012 to 2021 on the topic of multimodal interpretation. It clarifies the current status of multimodal interpretation research in China from three aspects: annual publication volume, main authors, and research hotspots. It also finds that related research has problems such as a small number of publications, a lack of high-quality articles, a single research scope and perspective, and misconceptions. Suggestions were put forward, including clarifying the concept of multimodal interpretation and improving theoretical construction, promoting interdisciplinary research and cooperation, and providing more empirical evidence in order to provide reference for the further development of multimodal interpretation research.
Luz María Lepe Lira. Relatos de la diferencia y literatura indígena. Travesías por el sistema mundo.
Authors: Velasco Estrada Jaime
Published: August 2023

En este texto se reseña Relatos de la diferencia y literatura indígena. Travesías por el sistema mundo (2018) de Luz María Lepe Lira. En dicho ensayo la autora emprende un acercamiento teórico titánico: intenta mostrar el trabajo artístico y el pensamiento de los escritores indígenas en relación al sistema mundo moderno/colonial, el cual se ha empeñado en remarcar su diferencia, su condición de otredad. En ese sentido, esta obra no sólo busca propiciar un lugar de enunciación académico diferenciado, sino que propugna por una lectura abiertamente política de la literatura, desde la cual se cuestione los estudios que se amparan solamente en lo ‘estético’ para desdeñar o ningunear la implicación social, económica y política de las obras.
Un artista en la historia de un oficio tradicional
Authors: Garrido Izaguirre Eva María
Published: August 2023

La entrevista se centra en la biografía de don Jesús García Zavala, orfebre especializado en el trabajo de piezas de joyería tradicional p´'urhepecha, quien también realizara diseños de autor, algunos de los cuales se han convertido en clásicos. Su trayectoria permite rastrear parte de la historia de un oficio en el que fue reconocido como uno de los mejores artesanos del estado de Michoacán.
The Risk of Adolescent Mothers having Low Birth Weight Babies in Rural Birbhum District during Covid Pandemic
Authors: Majumdar Saikat , Gorain Dr. Ashoke , Sikder Dr. Uttam Kumar
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this research is to determine the factors associated with low-birth-weight (LBW) infants in adolescent pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1, 2021, to 31 December 2021, in Rampurhat and Mallarpur areas of Birbhum district. Studies were included a sample of adolescent mothers (≤19 years) and adult mothers (≥20 years) who gave birth to singleton infants in rural Birbhum district, West Bengal. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with LBW infants in adolescent and adult pregnancy. Results: All 640 cases that fulfilled the study criteria were included. Of total mothers, over 37.19% were adolescence experiencing at least one pregnancy during the survey period. Of adolescent pregnancy, 24.79% delivered LBW babies; whereas the estimate was lower (17.41%) for adult women. Among adolescents, the 7.98% had abortion and 0.42% had stillbirths; whereas in case of adult women it was 6.22% and 1% respectively. Low birth weight babies increased during the COVID period for adolescent mothers. Odds ratio from Multivariate logistic regression suggests that adolescents are more likely to experience adverse birth outcome. Conclusion: Adolescent mothers in study area are more likely to give birth to babies that are preterm, LBW, or stillborn than adult mothers. Although analysis demonstrates a higher prevalence of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant adolescents than among adult pregnant women, future research is needed to investigate the mechanisms surrounding these differences by maternal age and, ideally, also to compare differences between pregnancies in younger and older women.
Electrical insulator defect detection with incomplete annotations and imbalanced samples
Authors: Pang Fengqian , Lei Chunyue , zeng jingsheng
Published: August 2023

Insulators are one of the key components in high-voltage power systems
that prevent transmission lines from grounding. Since they are exposed
to different kinds of harsh environments and climates, periodic
inspection is indispensable for the safety and high quality of power
grid. Nowadays, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) inspection is more widely
used, facilitating incorporation of CNN-based detectors in the insulator
detection task. However, these methods are generally based on the
assumption that the image samples are balanced among different
categories and possess completely ideal annotations. The problem of
sample imbalance or incomplete annotation is rarely investigated in
depth for insulator defect detection. In this paper, we focus on
insulator defect detection with imbalanced data and incomplete
annotations. Our proposed framework, named Pi-Index, introduces Positive
Unlabeled (PU) learning to solve the problem of incomplete annotation
and designs a novel index the class prior, which is a key parameter in
PU learning. Moreover, focal loss is integrated in our framework to
alleviate the effect of sample imbalance. Experiment results demonstrate
that the proposed framework achieves better performance than the
baseline methods in situations of sample imbalance and missing
annotation.
Reduced functional connectivity induced by longitudinal alterations of structure and perfusion may be associated with cognitive impairment in patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Yang Wenbo , Li Mingan , Song Lijun , Xu Boyan , Chen Qian , Yang Zhenghan , Liu Wenhu , Zhang Aihua , Wang Hao , Wang Zhenchang
Published: August 2023

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) leads to cognitive impairment; however,
the pathophysiology of maintenance HD remains unclear. This study aimed
to investigate the longitudinal alterations in gray matter volume (GMV)
and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients on follow-up HD compared with
baseline HD, examine the alterations in functional connectivity (FC) by
defining co-changed brain regions as seed points, and investigate the
correlation between the co-changed brain regions and neuropsychological
test scores. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with HD and 30 healthy
controls were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent
high-resolution T1-weighted imaging, arterial spin labeling, and
functional MR imaging to measure GMV, CBF, and FC. The patients on HD
were assessed at baseline and 3 years subsequently. Results: The right
and left medial superior frontal gyrus (SFGmed.L) exhibited
significantly lower GMV and CBF in patients on follow-up HD compared
with patients on baseline HD and lower FC between the SFGmed.L and left
middle temporal gyrus (MTG.L). Decreased FC between the SFGmed.L and
MTG.L was positively correlated with neuropsychological test scores in
the follow-up HD group. Conclusions: Reduced GMV and CBF may result in
decreased FC between the SFGmed.L and MTG.L, which may be associated
with cognitive impairment in patients on maintenance HD. Our findings
provide unique insights into the pathological mechanisms of patients on
maintenance HD with cognitive impairment.
Connection of brain glymphatic system with circadian rhythm
Authors: Kholmanskiy Alexander
Published: August 2023

To establish a relationship between the glymphatic system of brain and
circadian rhythm, we analyzed the effect of anomalies in water
thermodynamics on dependence of dynamic, electrical, and optical
characteristics of physiological fluids on temperature. The dynamics of
hydrogen bonds in bulk and hydrated water affected the activation
energies of ion currents of voltage-dependent channels that regulate
signaling and trophic bonds in neuropil of the cortical parenchyma. The
physics of minimizing of isobaric heat capacity of water made it
possible to explain stabilization and functional optimization of
thermodynamics of eyeball fluids at 34.5 °C and human brain during sleep
at 36.5 °C. At these temperatures, thermoreceptors of cornea and cells
of ganglionic layer of the retina, through connections with
suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland, switch circadian rhythm from
daytime to nighttime. The phylogenesis of circadian rhythm was reflected
in dependence of duration of nighttime sleep of mammals on diameter of
eyeball, mass of pineal gland, and density of neurons in parenchyma of
cortex. The activity of all nerves of eyeball led to division of night
sleep into slow and fast phases. In the first phase, there are
relaxation processes of synaptic plasticity and in the second - increase
water exchange in parenchyma and flush out toxins into the venous
system. Electrophysics of clearance and conductivity of ionic and water
channels of membranes of blood vessels and astrocytes modulate
oscillations of polarization potentials of water dipole domains in
parietal plasma layers of arterioles and capillaries.
Bed morphology of rivers covering secondary bedform and roughness contribution
Authors: Zhang Lingfeng , Cao Wenhong , Liu Chunjing , Jiang Xiaopeng
Published: August 2023

Bedform morphologies are intricately linked to fluvial sediment
transport, hydrodynamics, and resistance balance. Many studies have
concentrated on the morphological parameters and drag effects of the
primary bedforms, while ignoring the secondary bedforms located above
them. This paper quantified and analyzed the geometric features of
primary and secondary bedforms using high-precision riverbed
measurements, revealing significant differences in relative height,
steepness, and leeside angle. The secondary bedform was significantly
steeper than the host bedform, and the height of the secondary bedform
received the influence of the host bedform and water depth, and its
abundance and relative height showed a negative correlation. Further,
based on the mean dimensional measurements of bed morphology collected
from 296 groups of rivers and flumes, it was found that secondary
bedform roughness height could serve as a better descriptor of bedform
resistance in large and deep rivers with water depths greater than 2.5
m, because the impeding effect of the primary bedform height in deep
rivers may be offset by the slow leeside slope gradient due to the low
steepness and low leeside angle of the primary bedform in these rivers.
Based on this understanding, the secondary bedform resistance of the
study reaches was quantified and analyzed for its contribution to the
total resistance along the reach and found to explain only up to 19.1%
of the variation in river resistance, implying that although the
secondary bedform resistance can be valuably close to the bedform
resistance, the variability of the bedform resistance is difficult to be
explained by a single factor, and some potential influencing factors
such as terrain variation and 3D index are discussed and further study
is needed.
Sexually Transmitted Mutualist Nematodes Promote Host Growth Across Dung Beetle Species
Authors: Burdine Levi , Moczek Armin , Rohner Patrick T.
Published: August 2023

Many symbionts are sexually transmitted and impact their host’s
development, ecology, and evolution. While the significance of symbionts
that cause sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is relatively well
understood, the prevalence and potential significance of the sexual
transmission of beneficial symbionts remain elusive. Here, we study the
effects of sexually transmitted mutualist nematodes on their dung beetle
hosts. Symbiotic Diplogastrellus monhysteroides nematodes are present on
the genitalia of male and female Onthophagus beetles and are
horizontally transmitted during mating and vertically passed on to
offspring during oviposition. A previous study indicates that the
presence of nematodes benefits larval development and life history in a
single host species, Onthophagus taurus. However, Diplogastrellus
nematodes can be found in association with a variety of beetle species.
Here, we replicate these previous experiments, assess whether the
beneficial effects extend to other host species, and test whether
nematode-mediated effects differ between male and female hosts. Rearing
three distantly related dung beetle species with and without nematodes,
we find that the presence of nematodes benefits body size, but not
development time or survival across all three species. Likewise, we
found no difference in the benefit of nematodes to male compared to
female beetles. These findings highlight the role of sexually
transmitted mutualists in the evolution and ecology of dung beetles.
Furthermore, these results suggest a potential new avenue through which
environmental pollution with veterinary deworming agents may affect dung
beetles and their ecosystem services.
Obesity enables NLRP3 activation and induces myocardial fibrosis via hyperacetylation of HADHa
Authors: Deng Yan , Liu Xin , Xie Min , Zhao Rui , Ji Liwei , Tang Kuo , Yang Wei , Ou Wei , Xie Maodi , Li Tao
Published: August 2023

Obesity increases the risk of myocardial fibrosis, a pathological change in most heart diseases, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity had more severe myocardial fibrosis than control mice under normal and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) conditions, which could be alleviated by neutralizing antibodies against interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, downstream products of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Mechanistically, mitochondrial hyperacetylation in obese mouse hearts recruited apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) to mitochondria and thus facilitated NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Acetylation of K255 on hydroxyl-CoA dehydrogenase alpha subunit (HADHa) was identified to trigger the mitochondrial localization of ASC. Blockade of HADHa-K255 acetylation downregulated mitochondrial ASC, suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome and attenuated post-I/R myocardial fibrosis in obese mouse hearts. In obese human patients, the extent of myocardial fibrosis according to T1 MRI was positively correlated with the plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-18, supporting the connection of NLRP3 inflammation to obesity-induced myocardial fibrosis. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the heart is susceptible to fibrosis under obesity through hyperacetylated HADHa mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Keywords: Obesity; Myocardial fibrosis; NLRP3 inflammasome; Acetylation; HADHa.

Article highlights:

Why did we undertake this study?

l Obesity increases the risk of myocardial fibrosis while the mechanism is not fully understood.

What is the specific question(s) we wanted to answer?

l How does obesity contribute to myocardial fibrosis?

What did we find?

l Obesity exacerbates myocardial fibrosis through NLRP3 inflammasome.

l Obesity promotes assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome via mitochondrial hyperacetylation.

l Acetylation of HADHa-K255 recruits ASC to mitochondria, which facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and aggravates myocardial fibrosis.

What are the implications of our findings?

l This study may provide new potential therapeutic strategy for myocardial fibrosis in obese patients.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC CHANGES OF CHONDROCYTES OF THE JOINT SURFACE OF THE PATELLA IN THE CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL DIABETIC KNEE ARTHROPATHY
Authors: Hnatjuk Mychailo , Monastyrska Nataliia , Tatarchuk Ludmyla , Vadziuk Nazar , Yasinovskyi Oleh
Published: August 2023

Diabetes is a widespread disease that has a tendency to grow and often leads to disability and mortality of the population at a young working age. In this pathology, the joints are often aﬀ ected. According to many researchers, more than 50 % of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes are diagnosed with arthropathies, i. e. diabetes- associated osteoarthritis. Features of structural changes of chondrocytes of the articular surface of the patella in diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint have not been suﬃciently investigated. The purpose of the study was to study the features of structural changes in the chondrocytes of the articular surface of the patella in experimental diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint. The chondrocytes of the articular surface of the patella of 60 laboratory sexually mature white male rats, which were divided into 3 groups, were investigated using a complex of morphological methods. The 1-st group included 20 intact practically healthy animals, the 2-nd – 20 rats with a one-month experimental diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint, the 3-rd – 20 experimental animals with the two-month speciﬁ ed pathology. Diabetes mellitus was modeled by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin from the company «Sigma» in a dose of 50 mg/kg. One month and two months after the start of the experiment, rats were euthanized by bloodletting under thiopental anesthesia. The diameters of young and mature chondrocytes and their nuclei, the nuclear- cytoplasmic ratio in these cells, the relative volume of damaged chondrocytes, and intercellular- chondrocyte ratios were determined on histological microsections in the cartilage tissue of the articular surface of the patella. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically. It was established that long-term hyperglycemia leads to diabetic arthropathy of the knee joint, which is characterized by atrophy of chondrocytes of the articular surface of the patella and changes in their nuclear- cytoplasmic ratios, which indicated a violation of cellular structural homeostasis. It was found that the nuclear- cytoplasmic ratio in young chondrocytes of the articular surface of the patella was changed by 5.3 % (р<0.01) during one-month experimental hyperglycemia, by 8.4 % (р<0.001) during two-month hyperglycemia, in mature chondrocytes – by 3.8 % (p<0.05) and 7.7 % (p<0.001). In diabetic arthropathy, a marked increase in the relative volume of damaged chondrocytes and the volume of intercellular substance was noted. The detected changes in quantitative morphological indicators depended on the duration of hyperglycemia and dominated in young chondrocytes.
RECONSTRUCTION OF GASTROINTESTINES AND ADJACENT STRUCTURES IN THE EARLY PERIOD OF HUMAN ONTOGENESIS
Authors: Antonyuk Olga , Slobodian Oleksandr , Tsygikalo Oleksandr
Published: August 2023

The article describes the laying periods of: the stomach (embryos 4.5-5.0 mm long), the circular layer of the muscle membrane; gastric pits (embryos 14.7-15.0 mm long); gastric glands are formed in pre-fruits with a length of 66.0-68.0 mm. On the basis of graphic and computer reconstruction, the rotation of the stomach around the longitudinal axis of the embryo, the relationship of the stomach with neighboring structures – the liver, gall bladder, duodenum and pancreas – are studied. The fetal stomach undergoes heterogeneous and multifactorial rotation as a result of increased growth of the stomach wall on the left and increased gastric motility caused by the previous increase in the mesentery, and that the direction of rotation is determined by the forces exerted on the stomach and gastric mesentery by neighboring organs. The shape of the stomach is caused by a change in the dorsal-left sections of the tab, which leads to rapid growth compared to the ventroright sections. The cranial part of the stomach is wider than the caudal part. Uneven growth is observed not only in transverse, but also in cranial directions. The cranial part of the stomach is wider than the caudal part. A signiﬁ cant change in the stomach occurs during 7.5 to 8.5 weeks. Due to the protrusion of the upper part of the large curvature, the bottom is formed. In an embryo of 4.5 weeks, the lumen of the loops of the proximal part of the intestinal tube has an oval shape and slightly exceeds that of the caudal part of the digestive tract. the topographical relationship of the stomach with the surrounding organs changes signiﬁ cantly during the prenatal period of development. In embryos of 4.5-8.0 mm, the lining of the stomach is located deep behind the liver, which surrounds it on three sides. Dorsal to the stomach lining are the lining of the left adrenal gland, the left mesonephros, and the lining of the spleen. Cranially, the lining of the stomach abuts the lung to the left. At the end of the prenatal period, the diameters of the portal of the stomach, the portal canal, the bulb of the duodenum, the length of the portal canal along the lesser curvature and the portal canal along the greater curvature, and the size of the angle of the stomach were determined.