bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of Multi-View Data Based on Auxiliary Reference Plane
Authors: Duan Mingde , Liu Xin , Ma Wei , Li Jishun
Published: July 2010

The integration of multi-view data in the acquisition of complex surface is researched by using the CMM (coordinate measuring machine) and the laser tracking scanning system. A multi-view data integration method based on the auxiliary reference plane is presented. With the precise auxiliary reference plane, the data measured by the different measuring devices and measuring views are aligned. The problems of low-efficient and low-accuracy in the data fusion of complex surface during the reverse engineering are solved. Meanwhile, the advantages of the different measuring devices and measuring methods are developed. This method has been applied to the reverse engineering development for a motorcycle cover model. The practical result shows that this new method is feasible and efficient.
Cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of nonpolar GaN(11¯00) surfaces
Authors: Eisele H. , Borisova S. , Ivanova L. , Dähne M. , Ebert Ph.
Published: July 2010

GaN ( 1 1 ¯ 00 ) cleavage surfaces were investigated by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy combined with calculations of the tunnel current. The different contributions to the tunnel current and their origins are determined by comparison of the experimental results with calculated tunnel currents for both pinned and unpinned GaN surfaces. It is found that both the N and Ga derived intrinsic dangling bond surface states are outside of the fundamental band gap and lead to electron tunneling out of the valence and into the conduction band, respectively. The band edges of both intrinsic surface states are located at the Γ¯ point of the surface Brillouin zone. The observed Fermi level pinning 1.0 eV below the conduction band edge is attributed to the high defect density at the surface, but not to intrinsic surface states. The defects give rise to a current due to electrons tunneling out of the defect states within the band gap.
Effects of argon ion bombardment on the structure and magnetic properties of ultrathin Fe films
Authors: Ramaswamy Shivaraman , Gopalakrishnan C. , Ganesh K. R. , Jeganathan K. , Ponnavaikko M.
Published: July 2010

Modifications of structural, compositional, and magnetic properties of ultrathin Fe/Si bilayer films induced by Ar+ ion bombardment have been studied. The films were grown at room temperature using an electron beam evaporation system. After evaporation, the samples were bombarded with 3 keV Ar+ ions at fluences around 4×1015 ions/cm2. The self-organization of the Fe nanostructures and the subsequent change in morphology due to the Ar+ bombardment were studied using atomic force microscopy. The structural changes were investigated using grazing incidence x-ray diffractometer. Furthermore, the changes in magnetization and magnetic orientation were studied using vibrating sample magnetometer. It is seen that the Ar+ ion bombardment tends to rotate the easy axis of magnetization of the Fe/Si bilayer film. The results also indicate significant change in structural characteristics, indicating that ion bombardment can be used as an efficient technique of tuning the magnetic properties of ultrathin magnetic films.
Rtp801: Caught Redd Handed
Authors: Ahmad Shama
Published: July 2010

Increased expression of Rtp801 causes oxidative stress and injury to the lungs.
Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Brouwer Matthijs C. , Tunkel Allan R. , van de Beek Diederik
Published: July 2010

The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis, accurate information is necessary regarding the important etiological agents and populations at risk to ascertain public health measures and ensure appropriate management. In this review, we describe the changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines. We provide recommendations for empirical antimicrobial and adjunctive treatments for clinical subgroups and review available laboratory methods in making the etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Finally, we summarize risk factors, clinical features, and microbiological diagnostics for the specific bacteria causing this disease.
Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Disease Using a Mouse Model of Shiga Toxin-Mediated Renal Damage
Authors: Lentz Erin K. , Cherla Rama P. , Jaspers Valery , Weeks Bradley R. , Tesh Vernon L.
Published: July 2010

Mice have been extensively employed as an animal model of renal damage caused by Shiga toxins. In this study, we examined the role of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the development of toxin-mediated renal disease in mice. Mice pretreated with TNF-α and challenged with Shiga toxin type 1 (Stx1) showed increased survival compared to that of mice treated with Stx1 alone. Conversely, mice treated with Stx1 before TNF-α administration succumbed more quickly than mice given Stx1 alone. Increased lethality in mice treated with Stx1 followed by TNF-α was associated with evidence of glomerular damage and the loss of renal function. No differences in renal histopathology were noted between animals treated with Stx1 alone and the TNF-α pretreatment group, although we noted a sparing of renal function when TNF-α was administered before toxin. Compared to that of treatment with Stx1 alone, treatment with TNF-α after toxin altered the renal cytokine profile so that the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) increased, and the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 decreased. Increased lethality in mice treated with Stx1 followed by TNF-α was associated with higher numbers of dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive renal tubule cells, suggesting that increased lethality involved enhanced apoptosis. These data suggest that the early administration of TNF-α is a candidate interventional strategy blocking disease progression, while TNF-α production after intoxication exacerbates disease.
Analysis of expressed sequence tags from roots of resistant soybean infected by the soybean cyst nematode
Authors: Alkharouf Nadim , Khan Rana , Matthews Benjamin
Published: July 2010

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) Heterodera glycines is the most devastating pest of soybean in the U.S.A. The resistance response elicited by SCN in soybean is complex, and genes involved in the response to a large extent are unknown and not well characterized. We constructed cDNA libraries made from mRNA extracted from roots of the resistant soybean Glycine max L. Merr. 'Peking' at 12 h, 2 to 4 days, and 6 to 8 days post inoculation with the soybean cyst nematode, population NL1-RHp, similar to race 3. Expressed sequence tag analysis of the libraries provides rapid discovery of genes involved in the response of soybean to the nematode. A total of 3454 cDNA clones were examined from the three libraries, of which 25 cDNAs were derived from nematode RNA. The levels of certain stress-induced genes such as SAM22 and glutathione S-transferase (GST8) were elevated in the SCN-infected roots relative to uninoculated roots. Early defense response genes, particularly ascorbate peroxidase and lipoxygenase, were abundant in the 12-h library. By 6–8 days, the expression of most of those genes was not as abundant, whereas genes coding for unknown proteins and stress-induced proteins continued to be highly expressed. These ESTs and associated information will be useful to scientists examining gene and protein interactions between nematodes and plants.Key words: expressed sequence tag, gene expression, Glycine max, Heterodera glycines, plant-pathogen interaction, transcript profile.
Characterization of twoArabidopsis thalianamyb-like proteins showing affinity to telomeric DNA sequence
Authors: Schrumpfová Petra , Kuchař Milan , Miková Gabriela , Skříovská Lenka , Kubičárová Tatiana , Fajkus Jiří
Published: July 2010

Telomere-binding proteins participate in forming a functional nucleoprotein structure at chromosome ends. Using a genomic approach, two Arabidopsis thaliana genes coding for candidate Myb-like telomere binding proteins were cloned and expressed in E. coli. Both proteins, termed AtTBP2 (accession Nos. T46051 (protein database) and GI:638639 (nucleotide database); 295 amino acids, 32 kDa, pI 9.53) and AtTBP3 (BAB08466, GI:9757879; 299 amino acids, 33 kDa, pI 9.88), contain a single Myb-like DNA-binding domain at the N-terminus, and a histone H1/H5-like DNA-binding domain in the middle of the protein sequence. Both proteins are expressed in various A. thaliana tissues. Using the two-hybrid system interaction between the proteins AtTBP2 and AtTBP3 and self interactions of each of the proteins were detected. Gel-retardation assays revealed that each of the two proteins is able to bind the G-rich strand and double-stranded DNA of plant telomeric sequence with an affinity proportional to a number of telomeric repeats. Substrates bearing a non-telomeric DNA sequence positioned between two telomeric repeats were bound with an efficiency depending on the length of interrupting sequence. The ability to bind variant telomere sequences decreased with sequence divergence from the A. thaliana telomeric DNA. None of the proteins alone or their mixture affects telo merase activity in vitro. Correspondingly, no interaction was observed between any of two proteins and the Arabidopsis telo merase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit TERT (accession No. AF172097) using two-hybrid assay.Key words: plant telomere-binding protein, two-hybrid assay, protein expression, telomerase.
Stereoelectronic interaction effects on the conformational properties of 5-methyl-5-aza-1,3-dithiacyclohexane and its analogous containing N, P, O, and Se atoms — A hybrid density functional theory (DFT), ab initio study, and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis
Authors: Nori-Shargh Davood , Hassanzadeh Neda , Kosari Meisam , Rabieikarahroudi Parvin , Yahyaei Hooriye , Sharifi Sasan
Published: July 2010

Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, hybrid density functional theory (hybrid DFT: B3LYP/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-311+G**), and ab initio molecular orbital (MO: MP2/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-311+G**) based methods were used to study the electronic delocalization energy (DE), dipole–dipole interactions, and steric repulsions on the conformational properties of 5-methyl-5-aza-1,3-dioxacyclohexane (1) (-phospha- (2), -arsena- (3)), 5-methyl-5-aza-1,3-dithiacyclohexane (4) (-phospha- (5), -arsena- (6)), and 5-methyl-5-aza-1,3-diselenacyclohexane (7) (-phospha- (8), -arsena- (9)). The MP2/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-311+G** and B3LYP/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-311+G** results revealed that the axial stereoisomers of compounds 1–9 are more stable than their equatorial stereoisomers. In this regard, the obtained results showed an egregious axial preference for compounds 1, 4, and 7. Importantly, the results showed that the energy differences between the axial and equatorial stereoisomers decrease from compounds 1 → 3, 4 → 6, and also, 7 → 9. The NBO analysis of donor–acceptor interactions revealed that the calculated DE for compounds 1–3 are –21.50, –7.84, and –4.38 kcal mol–1, respectively. The decrease of the calculated DE values from compound 1 to compound 3 could reasonably explain the decrease of the energy differences between the axial and equatorial stereoisomers from compound 1 to compound 3. The correlation between the DE, dipole–dipole interactions, structural parameters, and conformational behaviors of compounds 1–9 has been investigated.
Catalyst-free, direct, high regio-, and chemo-selective conversion of epoxides to 2-thiocyanatoalkyl alkanoates under neutral and solvent-free conditions
Authors: Aghapour Ghasem , Hatefipour Razieh
Published: July 2010

A catalyst-free, direct, high regio-, and chemo-selective method is reported for the facile conversion of a wide variety of epoxides to their corresponding 2-thiocyanatoalkyl alkanoates, which contain two important functional groups (ester and thiocyanate), using a mixture of tetrabutylammonium rhodanide ((n-Bu)4NSCN) and an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic anhydride under neutral and solvent-free conditions.
Economic Consequences of Recycling for the Canadian Newsprint Industry
Authors: Tucker Thomas L.
Published: July 2010

The probable future structure of the Canadian newsprint industry is outlined and the likely economic consequences to Canadian newsprint producers of the increased consumption of newsprint made within the United States from recycled fiber is demonstrated. The overmature nature of the Canadian newsprint industry is shown. Old mills and plant capital, stabilized markets, asset fixity, and real cost increases are given as major short-run structural weaknesses, especially for eastern Canadian mills, which make the industry susceptible to marginal market shifts such as competition from recycled newsprint paper.Densely populated areas adjacent to eastern Canada are shown to attract not only the output from Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes but also the secondary fiber newsprint mills. Such an intrusion in the market, while marginal in effect, only magnifies the structural weaknesses of a mature industry.Two factors much more critical to the structure of the Canadian newsprint industry appear to be the probable movement up and to the right along the industry's long-run cost curve (real cost increases) and mill capacity increases within the United States. Changes in these two factors should overshadow the influence of recycling at least through 1985.
Cytochemical and Subcellular Organization of the Shoot Apical Meristem of Dry and Germinating Jack Pine Embryos
Authors: Mia A. J. , Durzan D. J.
Published: July 2010

Water added to dry seeds of jack pine evoked changes at the shoot apex which reflected the mobilization and consumption of food reserves for the synthesis of new protoplasm and for the formation of the prospective shoot. In shoot apices the distal zone contained large cells having nuclei with low affinity for stains. Flank and subapical zones had smaller cells with densely stained nuclei. These features did not alter during imbibition nor after the first wave of mitosis at 96 h when radicles emerged from seeds. Cells in the distal zone divided rarely. Mitosis, most abundant in subapices, decreased acropetally to the distal zone.In dry seeds, protein bodies and amyloplasts increased in size and frequency per cell from the distal zone in the basipetal direction towards the flanks and subapical zone. During imbibition most proteinaceous reserves, rich in arginine N, disappeared from all cells of the shoot apex. Lipid bodies in distal cells were small, numerous, and disappeared slowly as germination proceeded. Proplastids, mitochondria, and unidentified pleomorphic bodies were distributed in close proximity to the nucleus particularly in apical cells.Products of imbibed tritiated water (nonexchangeable tritium), and tritiated D-glucose, thymine, thymidine, and uracil were localized at the shoot apex and revealed assimilatory patterns consistent with cytochemical zonation. The covalent incorporation of tritium from water, while spread through most cells, was greatest in nuclei of flank and subapical cells. The radioactivity from glucose was found mainly in cell walls. Labelling by uracil, thymine, and thymidine by salvage mechanisms was especially abundant in nuclei of the flanks. These events coincided with dense RNA and DNA staining during germination. Collectively, observations indicated that at the flanks, water and seed reserves were concentrated at specific binding sites for the synthesis and dispersion of macromolecules before the visual production of leaf primordia.
Geographic Variation in Leaf and Twig Monoterpenes of Balsam Fir
Authors: Lester Donald T.
Published: July 2010

Gas chromatography of leaf and twig extracts from a provenance test revealed seven principal monoterpenes. Tissues differed in relative quantity for six monoterpenes; provenances differed for six monoterpenes from leaves, and all monoterpenes from twigs. All of the six compounds except 3-carene were present in all samples. Cluster analysis subdivided the species range into eastern and western clusters bordering at about 80 °W Long. Within-cluster variation was greater in the eastern grouping. Four monoterpenes from leaves and all monoterpenes from twigs followed the east–west pattern. The illustrated pattern of geographic variation complemented results of other studies.
ADVANCES IN COHERENT BREMSSTRAHLUNG AND LPM-EFFECT STUDIES
Authors: SHUL'GA N. F.
Published: July 2010

2008 accomplished the 100thanniversary from the birth of L.D. Landau (Nobel Prize 1962). In the paper a short description of Kharkov period of Landau's work from 1932 to 1937 is given. One of areas of his work is connected with investigation of bremsstrahlung by ultra relativistic electrons in matter. In this paper a short review of the results obtained studying both Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect and coherent radiation by high-energy electrons and positrons in crystals, is given. The main attention is paid to the general properties and difference of radiation processes in amorphous media and in a crystal and to advances in the coherent bremsstrahlung studies.
COHERENT PAIR PRODUCTION IN CRYSTALS IN PRESENCE OF ACOUSTIC WAVES
Authors: MKRTCHYAN A. R. , SAHARIAN A. A. , PARAZIAN V. V.
Published: July 2010

Coherent electron-positron pair production by high-energy photons is investigated in a periodically deformed single crystal with a complex base. The formula for the corresponding differential cross-section is derived for an arbitrary deformation field. The conditions are specified under which the influence of the deformation is considerable. The case is considered in detail when the photon enters into the crystal at small angles with respect to a crystallographic axis. The results of the numerical calculations are presented for SiO 2 single crystal in the case of the deformation field generated by the acoustic wave of the S type. It is shown that, in dependence of the parameters, the presence of deformation can either enhance or reduce the pair creation cross-section.
CRYSTAL-BASED COLLIMATION IN MODERN HADRON COLLIDERS
Authors: SCANDALE W.
Published: July 2010

The use of bent crystals for beam manipulations in particle accelerators or in external beam-lines is an old concept, still under scrutiny. In the last three decades, the knowledge on the features of crystal-particle interaction has been continuously growing on the basis of a large number of experimental findings. In all cases, the results of measurements have been found in agreement and, sometimes, have been anticipated by numerical models and simulations. Bent crystals can impart angular deviations to the incoming particles, through channelling or volume reflection mechanisms. The efficiency of the latter mechanism has been found to be intrinsically large, whilst the channelling efficiency has been improved by the increased technological expertise in crystal cutting and bending. In this paper we review the recent milestones of the worldwide effort to propose a routine use of bent crystal in particle accelerators, with a specific attention to the proposals of promoting the use of bent crystals as primary element in a collimation system.
STUDIES AND APPLICATION OF BENT CRYSTALS FOR BEAM STEERING AT 70 GEV IHEP ACCELERATOR
Authors: AFONIN A.G. , BARANOV V.T. , BRITVICH G.I. , CHEPEGIN V.N. , CHESNOKOV YU.A. , KOTOV V.I. , MAISHEEV V.A. , TEREKHOV V.I. , YAZYNIN I.A.
Published: July 2010

This report overviews studies accomplished in the U70 proton synchrotron of IHEP-Protvino during the recent two decades. Major attention is paid to a routine application of bent crystals for beam extraction from the machine. It has been confirmed experimentally that efficiency of beam extraction with a crystal deflector of around 85% is well feasible for a proton beam with intensity up to 1012 protons per cycle. Another trend is to use bent crystals for halo collimation in a high energy collider. New promising options emerge for, say, LHC and ILC based on the "volume reflection" effect, which has been discovered recently in machine study runs at U70 of IHEP (50 GeV) and SPS of CERN (400 GeV). Perspectives to use bent crystals for extraction of light ions from the U70 accelerator are also disclosed.
CRYSTAL COLLIMATION STUDIES AT THE TEVATRON (T-980)
Authors: MOKHOV N.V. , ANNALA G.E. , APYAN A. , CARRIGAN R.A. , DROZHDIN A.I. , JOHNSON T.R. , LEGAN A.M. , REILLY R.E. , SHILTSEV V. , STILL D.A. , TESAREK R.J. , ZAGEL J. , PEGGS S. , ASSMANN R.W. , PREVITALI V. , REDAELLI S. , SCANDALE W. , SHIRAISHI S. , CHESNOKOV Y.A. , YAZYNIN I.A. , GUIDI V. , PREST M. , IVANOV Y.M.
Published: July 2010

Bent-crystal channeling is a technique with a potential to increase beam-halo collimation efficiency in high-energy colliders. First measurements at the Tevatron in 2005 have shown that using a thin silicon crystal to deflect the 1-TeV proton beam halo onto a secondary collimator improves the system performance by reducing the machine impedance, beam losses in the collider detectors and irradiation of the superconducting magnets, all in agreement with simulations. Recent results, obtained with an improved goniometer and enhanced beam diagnostics, are reported here for dedicated beam studies and first full collider stores along with simulation results and plans for substantial enhancement of the T-980 experimental setup.
PARAMETRIC X-RAY AND DIFFRACTED TRANSITION RADIATION OF 4.5 GEV ELECTRONS IN DIAMOND
Authors: AVAKIAN R.O. , AGINIAN M.A. , ISPIRIAN K.A. , TAROYAN S.P. , FARISHYAN G.A.
Published: July 2010

Recently using the theory of Afanasev-Aginian (1977-1978) it has been reconsidered theoretically the properties of the contributions of PXR, DTR and their interference into the radiation intensity produced by particles in single crystals in Laue geometry, essentially differing from those of Bragg geometry. After a short review of theoretical and experimental works devoted to DTR in this work we discuss the properties of Laue geometry and make comparison of the predictions of the above theory with the results of the second experiment performed by Avakian et al in 1987 with the help of 4.5 GeV electrons.
STUDIES OF THE SPIN-HAMILTONIAN PARAMETERS AND DEFECT STRUCTURES FOR Cu2+ IONS IN AgCl and NaCl CRYSTALS FROM A TWO-MECHANISM MODEL
Authors: MEI YANG , ZHENG WEN-CHEN , HE LV
Published: July 2010

In this paper, based on a two-mechanism model, we derive the complete high-order perturbation formulas of the spin-Hamiltonian (SH) parameters (g factors g‖, g⊥ and hyperfine structure constants A‖, A⊥) for 3d9 ions in tetragonally elongated octahedral clusters. In the model, the contributions to SH parameters due to the crystal-field (CF) mechanism related to CF excited states and the charge-transfer (CT) mechanism related to CT exacted states (the CT mechanism is neglected in CF theory, which is widely used to study the SH parameters) are taken into account. From these formulas, the SH parameters of Cu 2+ ions in AgCl and NaCl crystals are calculated. It is found that for the exact explanation of SH parameters of ( CuCl 6)4- clusters in crystals, the contribution due to CT mechanism should be considered. The relative importance of CT mechanism (characterized by Q CT /Q CF , where Q = Δgi or [Formula: see text], i = ‖ or ⊥) increases with the decreasing metal-ligand distance in ( CuCl 6)4- clusters. The causes are discussed. The signs of Ai and the defect structures of Cu 2+ centers in AgCl and NaCl crystals are suggested from the calculations.
A GENERALIZED LEVI HIERARCHY AND ITS INTEGRABLE COUPLINGS
Authors: ZHANG JIAO , WEI XIAOLI
Published: July 2010

In this paper, by making use of the generalized Tu scheme, we consider an isospectral problem, and then a new integrable hierarchy is constructed. It is shown that the generalized Levi hierarchy can be obtained as a reduction. Further, integrable couplings of the generalized Levi hierarchy is produced based on an enlarging isospectral problem.
ON THE STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF FIRST-RETURN TIMES OF BALLS AND CYLINDERS IN CHAOTIC SYSTEMS
Authors: MANTICA G. , VAIENTI S.
Published: July 2010

We study returns in dynamical systems: when a set of points, initially populating a prescribed region, swarms around phase space according to a deterministic rule of motion, we say that the return of the set occurs at the earliest moment when one of these points comes back to the original region. We describe the statistical distribution of these "first-return times" in various settings: when phase space is made of sequences of symbols from a finite alphabet (with application, for instance, to biological problems) and when phase space is a one and a two-dimensional manifold. Specifically, we consider Bernoulli shifts, expanding maps of the interval and linear automorphisms of the two-dimensional torus. We derive relations linking these statistics with Rényi entropies and Lyapunov exponents.
AN AGENT-BASED FUZZY RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM USING SHOPPERS' PREFERENCES FOR E-COMMERCE APPLICATIONS
Authors: WU ZHENGPING , WU HAO
Published: July 2010

In e-commerce applications, the magnitude of products and the diversity of venders cause confusion and difficulty for the common consumer to choose the right product from a trustworthy vender. Although people have recognized the importance of feedback and reputation for the trustworthiness of individual venders and products, they still have difficulty when they have to make a shopping decision from a massive number of options. This paper introduces fuzzy logic into rule definition for users' preferences and designs a novel agent-based decision system using fuzzy rules. This system can help users to find the right product recommendation from a trustworthy vender following users' own preferences.
REDUCTION AND CONSTRUCTION OF POISSON QUASI-NIJENHUIS MANIFOLDS WITH BACKGROUND
Authors: CORDEIRO FLÁVIO , NUNES DA COSTA JOANA M.
Published: July 2010

We extend the Falceto–Zambon version of Marsden–Ratiu Poisson reduction to Poisson quasi-Nijenhuis structures with background on manifolds. We define gauge transformations of Poisson quasi-Nijenhuis structures with background, study some of their properties and show that they are compatible with reduction procedure. We use gauge transformations to construct Poisson quasi-Nijenhuis structures with background.
THE KERR–SCHILD ANSATZ REVISED
Authors: BINI DONATO , GERALICO ANDREA , KERR ROY P.
Published: July 2010

Kerr–Schild metrics have been introduced as a linear superposition of the flat spacetime metric and a squared null-vector field, say k, multiplied by some scalar function, say H. The basic assumption which led to Kerr solution was that k be both geodesic and shearfree. This condition is relaxed here and Kerr–Schild Ansatz is revised by treating Kerr–Schild metrics as exact linear perturbations of Minkowski spacetime. The scalar function H is taken as the perturbing function, so that Einstein's field equations are solved order-by-order in powers of H. It turns out that the congruence must be geodesic and shearfree as a consequence of third- and second-order equations, leading to an alternative derivation of Kerr solution.
A NEW REPEATER INSERTION TECHNIQUE FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF GLOBAL INTERCONNECTS IN NANO-VLSI
Authors: FATHI DAVOOD , FOROUZANDEH BEHJAT
Published: July 2010

In this paper, a new method for global interconnects optimization in nanoscale VLSI circuits using unequal repeater (buffer) partitioning technique is presented. The optimization is performed with the energy-delay product minimization at 65, 90, and 130 nm technology nodes and various loads, using the genetic algorithm (GA) of MATLAB. The results show more improvements of the total propagation delay with respect to the traditional equal buffer partitioning technique. This improvement is obvious for 90 and 130 nm, and with increasing capacitive load, the improvement will be achieved for 65 nm.
THE CENTRAL POLYNOMIALS OF THE FINITE-DIMENSIONAL UNITARY AND NONUNITARY GRASSMANN ALGEBRAS
Authors: Bekh-Ochir C. , Rankin S. A.
Published: July 2010

We describe the T-space of central polynomials for both the unitary and the nonunitary finite dimensional Grassmann algebra over a field of characteristic p ≠ 2 (infinite field in the case of the unitary algebra).
SOLUTION PROPERTIES OF SOME CLASSES OF OPERATOR EQUATIONS IN HILBERT SPACES
Authors: Charoensawan Phakdi , Phong Vu Quoc , Sanh Nguyen Van
Published: July 2010

We study properties of solutions of the operator equation [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] a closable linear operator on a Hilbert space [Formula: see text], such that there exists a self-adjoint operator [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], with the resolution of identity E(·), which commutes with [Formula: see text]. We are interested in the question of regular admissibility of the subspace [Formula: see text], i.e. when for every [Formula: see text] there exists a unique (mild) solution u in [Formula: see text] of this equation. We introduce the notion of equation spectrum Σ associated with Eq. (*), and prove that if Λ ⊂ ℝ is a compact subset such that Λ ⋂ Σ = ∅, then [Formula: see text] is regularly admissible. If Λ ⊂ ℝ is an arbitrary Borel subset such that Λ ⋂ Σ = ∅, then, in general, [Formula: see text] needs not be regularly admissible, but we derive necessary and sufficient conditions, in terms of some inequalities, for the regular admissibility of [Formula: see text]. Our results are generalizations of the well-known spectral mapping theorem of Gearhart-Herbst-Howland-Prüss [4], [5], [6], [9], as well as of the recent results of Cioranescu-Lizama [3], Schüler [10] and Vu [11], [12].
ROBINSON-SCHENSTED CORRESPONDENCE FOR THE G-VERTEX COLORED PARTITION ALGEBRA
Authors: Tamilselvi A.
Published: July 2010

In this paper, we develop the Robinson-Schensted correspondence for the G-vertex colored partition algebras, which gives the bijection between the set of G-vertex colored partition diagrams Pk(n, G) and the pairs of [Formula: see text]-vacillating tableaux of shape λ, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] where Γk= {µ ⊢ m|0 ≤ m ≤ k}, Ψq= {λ | λ = (q - j, 1j), j = 0, 1,…, q - 1} and G is a cyclic group of order q. We also derive the Knuth relations for the G-vertex colored partition algebra by using the Robinson-Schensted correspondence for the [Formula: see text]-vacillating tableau of shape [Formula: see text].
EQUITABLE COLORING OF 2-DEGENERATE GRAPH AND PLANE GRAPHS WITHOUT CYCLES OF SPECIFIC LENGTHS
Authors: BU YUEHUA , LI QIONG , ZHANG SHUIMING
Published: July 2010

The equitable chromatic number χe(G) of a graph G is the smallest integer k for which G has a proper k-coloring such that the number of vertices in any two color classes differ by at most one. In 1973, Meyer conjectured that the equitable chromatic number of a connected graph G, which is neither a complete graph nor an odd cycle, is at most Δ(G). We prove that this conjecture holds for 2-degenerate graphs with Δ(G) ≥ 5 and plane graphs without 3, 4 and 5 cycles.
Picosecond Carrier Recombination of Single-Crystalline GaN Nanorods Grown on Si(111) Substrates
Authors: Tackeuchi Atsushi , Yoo Chan Ho , Kim Tae Whan , Kwon Young Hae , Kang Tae Won , Nukui Takao , Fujita Taisuke , Nakazato Yoshiaki , Saeki Yu , Izumi Sotaro
Published: July 2010

Time-resolved photoluminescence measurement was performed on one-dimensional GaN nanorods with c-axis-oriented single-crystalline wurtzite structures. The GaN nanorods were grown on Si(111) substrates by an improved hydride vapor phase epitaxy without a catalyst. Fast carrier recombinations of less than 10 ps were observed. The short recombination times of the GaN nanorods with few defects show the presence of nonradiative fast recombinations at the surface and interface.
Room-Temperature Epitaxial Growth of High-Quality m-Plane InAlN Films on Nearly Lattice-Matched ZnO Substrates
Authors: Kajima Tomofumi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Ueno Kohei , Shimomoto Kazuma , Fujii Tomoaki , Ohta Jitsuo , Fujioka Hiroshi , Oshima Masaharu
Published: July 2010

We have found that single-phase m-plane In0.24Al0.76N(1100) grows without phase separation in the layer-by-layer mode at room temperature from the initial stages of the growth. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values of the 1100 X-ray rocking curves (XRCs) for the film with X-ray incident azimuths perpendicular to the c- and a-axes are 119 and 102 arcsec, respectively. m-plane In0.24Al0.76N films grew without accommodating misfit dislocations beyond the critical thickness on ZnO(1100) substrates, which is probably due to the large energy barrier for the initiation process of misfit dislocations and is responsible for the small FWHM values for XRCs.
Ideal Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis for the Meletis-Georgiou Vane Rotary Engine Concept
Authors: Georgiou Demos P. , Theodoropoulos Nikolaos G. , Milidonis Kypros F.
Published: July 2010

The Meletis-Georgiou is a patented Vane Rotary Engine concept that incorporates separate compression-expansion chambers and a modified Otto (or Miller) cycle, characterized by (Exhaust) Gas Recirculation at elevated pressures. This is implemented by transferring part of the expansion chamber volume into the compression one through the coordinated action of two vane diaphragms. This results into a very high gas temperature at the end of the compression, something that permits autoignition under all conditions for a Homogeneous Compression Ignition (HCCI) version of the engine. The relevant parametric analysis of the ideal cycle shows that the new cycle gives ideal thermal efficiencies of the order of 60% to 70% under conditions corresponding to homogeneous compression engines but at reduced pressures when compared against the corresponding Miller cycle.
Antiretroviral Drug-Associated Oral Lichenoid Reaction in HIV Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Arirachakaran Pratanporn , Hanvanich Mattana , Kuysakorn Piyanad , Thongprasom Kobkan
Published: July 2010

Antiretroviral therapy has changed the course of HIV disease and improved quality of life in HIV patients. Incidence of an oral lichenoid drug reaction induced by zidovudine is not common. Once it occurs, it affects a patient's well being, in particular their oral functions. Here we report the first case of a 34-year-old Thai man with painful erosive lesions involving the lip and buccal mucosa. Treatment with topical fluocinolone acetonide 0.1% alleviated the patient's oral pain, but it was not until the subsequent withdrawal of zidovudine that the patient showed improvement and resolution of the lesions. Long-term follow-up was useful in the management of this patient, and no recurrence of the lesion was found during 21-month follow-up in this patient.
Vaxign: The First Web-Based Vaccine Design Program for Reverse Vaccinology and Applications for Vaccine Development
Authors: He Yongqun , Xiang Zuoshuang , Mobley Harry L. T.
Published: July 2010

Vaxign is the first web-based vaccine design system that predicts vaccine targets based on genome sequences using the strategy of reverse vaccinology. Predicted features in the Vaxign pipeline include protein subcellular location, transmembrane helices, adhesin probability, conservation to human and/or mouse proteins, sequence exclusion from genome(s) of nonpathogenic strain(s), and epitope binding to MHC class I and class II. The precomputed Vaxign database contains prediction of vaccine targets for>70genomes. Vaxign also performs dynamic vaccine target prediction based on input sequences. To demonstrate the utility of this program, the vaccine candidates against uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) were predicted using Vaxign and compared with various experimental studies. Our results indicate that Vaxign is an accurate and efficient vaccine design program.
Knowledge‐Based Green′s Kernel for Support Vector Regression
Authors: Farooq Tahir , Guergachi Aziz , Krishnan Sridhar
Published: July 2010

This paper presents a novel prior knowledge‐based Green′s kernel for support vector regression (SVR). After reviewing the correspondence between support vector kernels used in support vector machines (SVMs) and regularization operators used in regularization networks and the use of Green′s function of their corresponding regularization operators to construct support vector kernels, a mathematical framework is presented to obtain the domain knowledge about magnitude of the Fourier transform of the function to be predicted and design a prior knowledge‐based Green′s kernel that exhibits optimal regularization properties by using the concept of matched filters. The matched filter behavior of the proposed kernel function makes it suitable for signals corrupted with noise that includes many real world systems. We conduct several experiments mostly using benchmark datasets to compare the performance of our proposed technique with the results already published in literature for other existing support vector kernel over a variety of settings including different noise levels, noise models, loss functions, and SVM variations. Experimental results indicate that knowledge‐based Green′s kernel could be seen as a good choice among the other candidate kernel functions.
A Hilbert Integral‐Type Inequality with Parameters
Authors: Xiaozhou Shang , Mingzhe Gao
Published: July 2010

A Hilbert‐type integral inequality with parametersαand (α,λ> 0) can be established by introducing a nonhomogeneous kernel function. And the constant factor is proved to be the best possible. And then some important and especial results are enumerated. As applications, some equivalent forms are studied.
Mentoring Experiences of Aging and Disability Rehabilitation Researchers
Authors: Egan Mary , Byrne Kerry , Stolee Paul , King Judy
Published: July 2010

Objectives. To explore research mentoring experiences and perceived mentoring needs of aging and disability researchers at different career stages.Design. Focus group and individual interviews with rehabilitation researchers at various career stages based in hospitals, universities, and hospital-based research institutes in Ontario, Canada.Results. The overall theme wasmentoring for transition. Participants across career stages referred to helpful mentoring experiences as those that assisted them to move from their previous stage into the present stage or from the present stage into their next career progression. Unhelpful mentoring experiences were characterized by mentor actions that were potentially detrimental to transition. Subsumed under this theme were three categories. The first, “hidden information” referred to practical information that was difficult to access. The second “delicate issues” referred to helping the participant work through issues related to sensitive matters, the discussion of which could put the participants or their colleagues in a vulnerable position. The third category was “special challenges of clinician-researchers”.Conclusions. Helpful mentoring for rehabilitation researchers working on concerns related to aging and disability appears to be characterized by interaction with more experienced individuals who aid the researcher work through issues related to career transition.
Shaping the Archaeal Cell Envelope
Authors: Ellen Albert F. , Zolghadr Behnam , Driessen Arnold M. J. , Albers Sonja-Verena
Published: July 2010

Although archaea have a similar cellular organization as other prokaryotes, the lipid composition of their membranes and their cell surface is unique. Here we discuss recent developments in our understanding of the archaeal protein secretion mechanisms, the assembly of macromolecular cell surface structures, and the release of S-layer-coated vesicles from the archaeal membrane.
Ozone and Ozonated Oils in Skin Diseases: A Review
Authors: Travagli V. , Zanardi I. , Valacchi G. , Bocci V.
Published: July 2010

Although orthodox medicine has provided a variety of topical anti-infective agents, some of them have become scarcely effective owing to antibiotic- and chemotherapeutic-resistant pathogens. For more than a century, ozone has been known to be an excellent disinfectant that nevertheless had to be used with caution for its oxidizing properties. Only during the last decade it has been learned how to tame its great reactivity by precisely dosing its concentration and permanently incorporating the gas into triglycerides where gaseous ozone chemically reacts with unsaturated substrates leading to therapeutically active ozonated derivatives. Today the stability and efficacy of the ozonated oils have been already demonstrated, but owing to a plethora of commercial products, the present paper aims to analyze these derivatives suggesting the strategy to obtain products with the best characteristics.
Minimization of Pollution Concentration on a Given Time Interval for the Waste Water Cleaning Plant
Authors: Grigorieva E. V. , Khailov E. N.
Published: July 2010

A model of a waste water treatment plant is investigated. The model is described by a nonlinear system of two differential equations with one bounded control. An optimal control problem of minimizing concentration of the polluted water on the given time interval is stated and solved analytically with the use of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle and Green's Theorem. Computer simulations of a model of an industrial waste water treatment plant show the advantage of using our optimal strategy. Possible applications are discussed.
The Effects of Structure Defects on the Performance of a Micro Comb Resonator
Authors: Guo D. , Zhu Y.
Published: July 2010

A micro comb resonator loaded by alternating electric field is modeled by finite element method, The damping is analyzed by both Couette flow model and Stokes flow model. Structure faults are researched its effects on the dynamic characteristics of the micro comb resonator. The result shows that adhesion fault makes the resonance frequency higher and sensitivity reduction, while crack fault debases the resonance frequency and amplitude. When the crack is located near the end, the stress concentration at the crack location is highest, which is easy to induce the support beam broken.
Comparisons of Herbicide Treated and Cultivated Herbicide-Resistant Corn
Authors: Bruns H. Arnold , Abbas Hamed K.
Published: July 2010

Four glyphosate resistant corn (Zea maysL.) hybrids, a glufosinate-ammonium resistant hybrid, and a conventional atrazine resistant hybrid gown at Stoneville, MS in 2005, 2006, and 2007 with furrow irrigation were treated with their respective herbicides and their growth, yield, and mycotoxin incidence were compared with untreated cultivated plots. Leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation (DMA) were collected on a weekly basis beginning at growth stage V3 and terminating at anthesis. Crop growth rates (CRGs) and relative growth rates (RGRs) were calculated. Plots were later harvested, yield and yield component data collected, and kernel samples analyzed for aflatoxin and fumonisin. Leaf area index, DMA, CRG, and RGR were not different among the herbicide treated plots and from those that were cultivated. Curves for LAI and DMA were similar to those previously reported. Aflatoxin and fumonisin were relatively low in all plots. Herbicide application or the lack thereof had no negative impact on the incidence of kernel contamination by these two mycotoxins. Herbicides, especially glyphosate on resistant hybrids, have no negative effects on corn yields or kernel quality in corn produced in a humid subtropical environment.
Backpropagation-Based Cooperative Localization of Primary User for Avoiding Hidden-Node Problem in Cognitive Networks
Authors: Liu Lin , Li Zhengyi , Zhou Chi
Published: July 2010

Cognitive radio (CR) is a technology to implement opportunistic spectrum sharing to improve the spectrum utilization. However, there exists a hidden-node problem, which can be a big challenge to solve especially when the primary receiver is passive listening. We aim to provide a solution to the hidden-node problem for passive-listening receiver based on cooperation of multiple CRs. Specifically, we consider a cooperative GPS-enabled cognitive network. Once the existence of PU is detected, a localization algorithm will be employed to first estimate the path loss model for the environment based on backpropagation method and then to locate the position of PU. Finally, a disable region is identified taking into account the communication range of both the PU and the CR. The CRs within the disabled region are prohibited to transmit in order to avoid interfering with the primary receiver. Both analysis and simulation results are provided.
1,4-Phenylenebis(Methylene)Selenocyanate, but Not Selenomethionine, Inhibits Androgen Receptor and Akt Signaling in Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Facompre Nicole D. , El-Bayoumy Karam , Sun Yuan-Wan , Pinto John T. , Sinha Raghu
Published: July 2010

The lack of treatment for worried-well patients with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia combined with issues of recurrence and hormone resistance in prostate cancer survivors remains a major public health obstacle. The long latency of prostate cancer development provides an opportunity to intervene with agents of known mechanisms at various stages of disease progression. A number of signaling cascades have been shown to play important roles in prostate cancer development and progression, including the androgen receptor (AR) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways. Crosstalk between these two pathways is also thought to contribute to progression and hormone-refractory prostate disease. Our initial investigations show that the naturally occurring organoselenium compound selenomethionine (SM) and the synthetic 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) can inhibit human prostate cancer cell viability; however, in contrast to SM, p-XSC is active at physiologically relevant doses. In the current investigation, we show that p-XSC, but not an equivalent dose of SM, alters molecular targets and induces apoptosis in androgen-responsive LNCaP and androgen-independent LNCaP C4-2 human prostate cancer cells. p-XSC effectively inhibits AR expression and transcriptional activity in both cell lines. p-XSC also decreases Akt phosphorylation as well as Akt-specific phosphorylation of the AR. Inhibition of Akt, however, does not fully attenuate p-XSC–mediated downregulation of AR activity, suggesting that inhibition of AR signaling by p-XSC does not occur solely through alterations in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt survival pathway. Our data suggest that p-XSC inhibits multiple signaling pathways in prostate cancer, likely accounting for the downstream effects on proliferation and apoptosis. Cancer Prev Res; 3(8); 975–84. ©2010 AACR.