bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Flow Behavior of a High‐Manganese Steel Fe‐Mn23‐C0.6 in Consideration of Dynamic Recrystallization
Authors: Xiong W. , Wietbrock B. , Saeed‐Akbari A. , Bambach M. , Hirt G.
Published: January 2011

In this paper, the hot deformation behavior of a high manganese (23wt. % Mn and 0.6wt. % C) austenitic steel is analyzed. This steel is a ternary Fe‐Mn‐C alloy that shows twinning induced plasticity (TWIP). Since strip production involves hot rolling, the hot deformation behavior of this steel is analyzed and modeled by a phenomenological material model. The model takes into account strain hardening and softening by dynamic recrystallization (DRX), which is modeled using Avrami type kinetics. The evolution of grain size during DRX is also taken into account. Hot compression tests were performed in a temperature range of 900 to 1200 °C and various strain rates from 0.1 s−1 to 10 s−1 to identify the model parameters. The material model was coupled with a finite element code and validated using selected parameter combinations of the compression tests that were not used for parameter identification.
Untersuchungen zum Korrosionsschutz von Kanten an Stahlkonstruktionen – Problemstellung und Versuchsdurchführung (Teil 1)
Authors: Buchbach Sascha , Plagemann Peter , Momber Andreas W.
Published: January 2011

Im Rahmen von Laborprüfungen wurde die Korrosionsschutzwirkung organischer Beschichtungssysteme an Kanten von Stahlkonstruktionen untersucht. Die Kanten waren mit verschiedenen mechanischen und thermischen Verfahren vor dem Beschichten gerundet worden. Es kamen drei verschiedene Beschichtungssysteme zum Einsatz, darunter ein sogenanntes kantenfreundliches System. Für die Beurteilung der Korrosionsschutzwirkung wurden drei Kennwerte herangezogen: Kantenüberdeckungsgrad, Ohmscher Widerstand der Beschichtung und Antikorrosiv‐ Effekt. Die Prüfungen umfassten Messungen der Trockenschichtdicken an Kanten und Flächen, Untersuchungen mittels elektrochemischer Impedanzspektroskopie (EIS) und beschleunigte Alterungsprüfungen in einer Wellentank‐Simulationskammer. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Konzeption und Durchführung der Prüfungen sowie die verwendeten Prüfkörper und Korrosionsschutzsysteme beschrieben. Über die Ergebnisse der Prüfungen wird in weiteren Beiträgen berichtet.

Investigations into the corrosion protection on edges of steel constructions – Introduction and test scenario (Part 1). Based on laboratory tests, the corrosion protection capability of organic coating systems on edges of steel constructions was investigated. The edges were rounded with different mechanical and thermal tools. Three different coating systems were considered, whereby one of the systems was a so‐called edge retentive system. Three criteria were utilized in order to assess the corrosion protection capability: edge coverage degree, Ohmic resistance of the coating systems, and an anticorrosive effect. The tests included DFT measurements on edges and areas, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and accelerated ageing tests in a wave tank simulation chamber. This paper covers the general experimental design and details of the experimental procedure, whereas following papers deal with the results of the test programme.
Das freie Spiel der Flächen und Stäbe
Authors: Schober Hans , Werwigk Michael , Kürschner Kai
Published: January 2011

Auf dem Konzerngelände eines weltweit tätigen Pharmakonzerns in Basel wurde ein vom Architekten Frank O. Gehry entworfenes skulpturales Bürogebäude geplant und fertiggestellt. Besonderes Augenmerk ist die transparente Stahl‐Glas‐Hülle, die aus verschieden zusammengesetzten Fassadenflächen besteht. Um die freie Geometrie dieses Gebäudes möglichst nahe an der Entwurfsidee in die Realität umzusetzen, wurde für alle Planungsbeteiligten verbindlich das CAD‐Programm CATIA in den Planungsprozess integriert. Das Ingenieurbüro schlaich bergermann und partner hat die komplette Tragwerksplanung (Entwurf, Ausführung, Bauüberwachung) erstellt. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Besonderheiten bei Entwurf, Konstruktion sowie Herstellung und Montage der ungewöhnlichen Stahl‐Glas‐Hülle.

The free operation of surfaces and steel bars. On the premises of a worldwide operating pharmaceutical company in Basle, Suisse a sculptural office building designed by Frank O. Gehry has been planned and completed. An outstanding charm is given by the transparent steel‐glass‐envelope covering the relatively shifted and rotated slabs as a free formed folded structure consisting of steel bars. To realize the free building geometry very close to the design idea for all project members the CAD‐software CATIA was integrated into the planning process. schlaich bergermann und partner has covered the full scope of structural engineering from schematic design to execution phase. This paper describes the specialties during design, engineering, fabrication and erection of the unusual envelope made of steel and glass.
Steuerbare Einwirkungen auf Kranbahnen
Authors: Thoß Reiner
Published: January 2011

Während beim Nachweis einer Kranbahn auf der Einwirkungsseite Spielräume vom Kran her bestehen, ist die Beanspruchbarkeit einer bestehenden Kranbahn ohne konstruktive Veränderungen festgeschrieben. Gerade wenn auf bestehende Kranbahnen neue Krane, oft mit erhöhter Tragfähigkeit, gesetzt werden sollen, müssen die Tragreserven nicht nur in der Kranbahn, sondern primär im Kran selbst bzw. seinen Parametern gesucht werden.

Änderungen der Kranparameter und konstruktive Anpassungen der Krane, wie erhöhter Radstand, horizontale Führungsrollen, weichere Puffer usw. schaffen vorteilhaftere Einwirkungen auf die Kranbahn. Breiten Raum nimmt dabei die horizontale Kraftwirkung auf die Kranbahn ein, sind doch damit deutliche Einsparungen möglich, aber auch Gefährdungen werden aufgezeigt.

Hinweise und Ausführungsbeispiele sowie Schäden und Einsatzerfahrungen, einschließend häufig auftretende Fehler in Konstruktion und Berechnung, schaffen eine neue Betrachtungsweise für die Auslegung von Kranbahnen für Brücken‐ und Portalkrane.

Controlling the actions on crane gantries. When analysing the actions on a crane gantry, there is some leeway on the crane side, but the actions that may be applied to an existing crane gantry are fixed unless constructional changes are made. In particular, when new cranes, often with higher safe working loads, are to be mounted on existing crane gantries, the loadbearing reserves should not be sought solely in the gantry, but instead primarily in the crane itself, or rather its parameters.

Changing the crane parameters and adapting the crane design, e.g. longer wheelbase, horizontal guide wheels, softer buffers, etc., are better for the crane gantry. The horizontal forces acting on the crane gantry constitute the principal effects, and significant savings are possible here. But the risks must also be addressed.

Advice and case studies plus damage and practical experience, including the mistakes that frequently occur in design and calculations, add up to a new approach to the design of crane gantries for overhead travelling and portal gantry cranes.
A Targeted NKX2.1 Human Embryonic Stem Cell Reporter Line Enables Identification of Human Basal Forebrain Derivatives
Authors: Goulburn Adam L. , Alden Darym , Davis Richard P. , Micallef Suzanne J. , Ng Elizabeth S. , Yu Qing C. , Lim Sue Mei , Soh Chew-Li , Elliott David A. , Hatzistavrou Tanya , Bourke Justin , Watmuff Bradley , Lang Richard J. , Haynes John M. , Pouton Colin W. , Giudice Antonietta , Trounson Alan O. , Anderson Stewart A. , Stanley Edouard G. , Elefanty Andrew G.
Published: January 2011

We have used homologous recombination in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to insert sequences encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the NKX2.1 locus, a gene required for normal development of the basal forebrain. Generation of NKX2.1-GFP+ cells was dependent on the concentration, timing, and duration of retinoic acid treatment during differentiation. NKX2.1-GFP+ progenitors expressed genes characteristic of the basal forebrain, including SHH, DLX1, LHX6, and OLIG2. Time course analysis revealed that NKX2.1-GFP+ cells could upregulate FOXG1 expression, implying the existence of a novel pathway for the generation of telencephalic neural derivatives. Further maturation of NKX2.1-GFP+ cells gave rise to γ-aminobutyric acid-, tyrosine hydroxylase-, and somatostatin-expressing neurons as well as to platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive oligodendrocyte precursors. These studies highlight the diversity of cell types that can be generated from human NKX2.1+ progenitors and demonstrate the utility of NKX2.1GFP/w hESCs for investigating human forebrain development and neuronal differentiation.
Dynamics of offshore floating wind turbines—analysis of three concepts
Authors: Jonkman J. M. , Matha D.
Published: January 2011

This work presents a comprehensive dynamic–response analysis of three offshore floating wind turbine concepts. Models were composed of one 5  MW turbine supported on land and three 5  MW turbines located offshore on a tension leg platform, a spar buoy and a barge. A loads and stability analysis adhering to the procedures of international design standards was performed for each model using the fully coupled time domain aero‐hydro‐servo‐elastic simulation tool FAST with AeroDyn and HydroDyn. The concepts are compared based on the calculated ultimate loads, fatigue loads and instabilities. The loads in the barge‐supported turbine are the highest found for the three floating concepts. The differences in the loads between the tension leg platform–supported turbine and spar buoy–supported turbine are not significant, except for the loads in the tower, which are greater in the spar system. Instabilities in all systems also must be resolved. The results of this analysis will help resolve the fundamental design trade‐offs between the floating‐system concepts. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coping with high dimensionality in massive datasets
Authors: Kettenring Jon R.
Published: January 2011

A massive dataset is characterized by its size and complexity. In its most basic form, such a dataset can be represented as a collection ofnobservations onpvariables. Aggravation or even impasse can result if either number is huge. The more difficult challenge is usually associated with the case of very high dimensionality or ‘bigp’. There is a fast growing literature on how to handle such challenges, but most of it is in a supervised learning context involving a specific objective function, as in regression or classification. Much less is known about effective strategies for more exploratory data analytic activities. The purpose of this article is to put into historical perspective much of the recent research on dimensionality reduction and variable selection in such problems. Examples of applications that have stimulated this research are discussed along with a sampling of the latest methodologies to illustrate the onslaught of creative ideas that have surfaced. From a practitioner's perspective, the most effective strategy may be to emphasize the role of interdisciplinary teamwork with decisions on how best to grapple with high dimensionality emerging from a mixture of statistical thinking and consideration of the circumstances of the application.WIREs Comp Stat2011 3 95–103 DOI: 10.1002/wics.141

This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Exploratory Data Analysis

Data: Types and Structure > Massive Data

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Cancer of the Gastric Cardia is Rising in Incidence in an Asian Population and is Associated with Adverse Outcome
Authors: Deans Chris , Yeo Matthew S. W. , Soe Mu Yar , Shabbir Asim , Ti T. K. , So Jimmy B. Y.
Published: January 2011

Background

Tumors arising from the esophagogastric junction (OGJ) are increasing in incidence in the west, but data from Asian populations are conflicting. Singapore has a mixed‐Asian population with an international lifestyle. This study was designed to examine the changing trends in incidence of gastric cardia cancer (type III) within this population and to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and outcome of these tumors with gastric tumors.

Methods

Trends in cancer incidence were obtained from the Singapore Cancer Registry. Clinicopathological data were prospectively collected from patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer who presented to the National University Hospital between 2000 and 2005. Patients underwent surgery with or without (neo)adjuvant therapy. Survival duration was analyzed.

Results

The incidence of cardia tumors has increased each decade since 1968 (1968–1982, 6.3%; 1983–1992, 7.6%; 1993–1997, 8.4%; 1998–2002, 9.1%; 2003–2007, 16.2%). Among the study population (n = 159) cardia tumors were associated with male sex (p < 0.01) and dysphagia (p < 0.01). Although R0 resection rates were similar, systemic recurrence rates were higher among patients with cardia cancer (p = 0.031) and survival was reduced compared with patients with non‐cardia gastric cancer (median survival 26 vs. 69 months; p < 0.001). Cardia location of the tumor and metastatic lymph node ratio were identified as independent adverse prognostic indicators on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Similar to western societies, the incidence of proximal gastric cancer is increasing in Singapore. Cardia tumors are associated with poorer outcomes, suggesting that cardia cancer is a distinct disease from true gastric cancer requiring different management strategies to improve the outcome for these patients.
Mobilizing Communities for Implementing Evidence‐Based Youth Violence Prevention Programming: A Commentary
Authors: Fixsen Dean L. , Blase Karen A. , Van Dyke Melissa K.
Published: January 2011

Evidence‐based programs have struggled for acceptance in human service settings. Information gleaned from these experiences indicates that implementation is the missing link in the science to service chain. The science and practice of implementation is progressing and can inform approaches to full and effective uses of youth violence prevention programs nationally. Implementation Teams that know (a) innovations, (b) implementation best practices, and (c) improvement cycles are essential to mobilizing support for successful uses of evidence‐based programs on a socially significant scale. The next wave of development in implementation science and practice is underway: establishing infrastructures for implementation to make implementation expertise available to communities nationally. Good science, implemented well in practice, can benefit all human services, including youth violence prevention.
Community Readiness for Change and Youth Violence Prevention: a Tale of Two Cities
Authors: Parker Robert Nash , Alcaraz Roxanna , Payne Pedro R.
Published: January 2011

This case study identifies a situation in which there exists a set of preconditions for the successful application of evidence based practice to bear on the community based problem of youth violence. The concept of readiness to change and its impact on the success or failure of interventions designed to change harmful or dangerous behavior among individuals is well established and understood in intervention research. In recent years this concept has been discussed and developed in the community intervention and harm reduction literatures. The current study is one of a community where an attempt was made to identify community levels of harm, develop a strategic plan to reduce the source of harm, and develop, implement, and evaluate youth violence prevention interventions. Over more than 5 years of involvement by university based researchers and community partners, the effort was largely unsuccessful. The events of this project are discussed within the context of the Community Readiness Model Edwards et al. (J Community Psychol 28(3): 291–307, 2000) and we present a narrative that helps to highlight the reasons for the relative lack of success of the effort. We suggest additional strategies and actions that might have helped to overcome the lack of readiness of this particular community to reduce the harms associated with youth violence. Suggestions that may improve chances for a more successful set of outcomes for other communities in similar states of readiness to change and with similar challenges are given.
Imaging the spine in arthritis—a pictorial review
Authors: Jurik Anne Grethe
Published: January 2011

Spinal involvement is frequent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and seronegative spondyloarthritides (SpA), and its diagnosis is important. Thus, MRI and CT are increasingly used, although radiography is the recommended initial examination. The purpose of this review is to present the typical radiographic features of spinal changes in RA and SpA in addition to the advantages of MRI and CT, respectively. RA changes are usually located in the cervical spine and can result in serious joint instability. Subluxation is diagnosed by radiography, but supplementary MRI and/or CT is always indicated to visualise the spinal cord and canal in patients with vertical subluxation, neck pain and/or neurological symptoms. SpA may involve all parts of the spine. Ankylosing spondylitis is the most frequent form of SpA and has rather characteristic radiographic features. In early stages it is characterised by vertebral squaring and condensation of vertebral corners, in later stages by slim ossifications between vertebral bodies, vertebral fusion, arthritis/ankylosis of apophyseal joints and ligamentous ossification causing spinal stiffness. The imaging features of the other forms of SpA can vary, but voluminous paravertebral ossifications often occur in psoriatic SpA. MRI can detect signs of active inflammation as well as chronic structural changes; CT is valuable for detecting fracture.
Uterine Adenocarcinoma with Abdominal Metastases in an Ovariohysterectomised Cat
Authors: Anderson Claire , Pratschke Kathryn
Published: January 2011

Surgical findings An adenocarcinoma of the uterine stump with abdominal metastases is described in a 12.5-year-old incompletely ovariohysterectomised domestic shorthair cat. At the time of presentation, the adenocarcinoma had metastasised to the right perirenal lymph node, the abdominal aorta and the right ureter, resulting in the formation of a large cystic structure. This had compressed and displaced surrounding structures, including the abdominal vena cava and the right kidney, and formed multiple adhesions to the body wall and adjacent abdominal structures. Metastatic extension to the aorta had resulted in its regression into a 2 mm diameter non-pulsatile vessel.

Practical relevance Only one case of uterine adenocarcinoma has previously been reported in an ovariohysterectomised cat. As such, this represents a very unusual and severe complication following an incomplete ovariohysterectomy. Invasion of the tumour tissue into surrounding structures created further complications.
Cadaveric Study of Locked Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Caused by Entrapment of Radial Sesamoid Bone
Authors: Sze-Chung Cheng , Chi-Hung Yen , Wing-Cheung Wong , Pak-Cheong Ho , Wing-Lim Tse , Leung-Kim Hung
Published: January 2011

Purpose

To identify the anatomical basis of entrapment of radial sesamoid bone of thumb into intercondylar notch of first metacarpal head and to reproduce radiographic “overlapping sign” on sesamoid subluxation.

Methods

Ten human cadaveric hands were dissected to measure the anthropometric parameters of radial sesamoid bone and intercondylar notch of first metacarpal head. Radiographs were taken to identify and to reproduce “overlapping sign” on sesamoid subluxation into intercondylar notch.

Results

Intercondylar notch of first metacarpal head was consistently larger than radial sesamoid bone, which allowed the entrapment. Radiographic “overlapping sign” was reproducible when such subluxation occurred.

Conclusion

This anatomical study identifies sesamoid subluxation into intercondylar notch as the cause of first metacarpophalangeal joint rotary subluxation. Radiographic “overlapping sign” is diagnostic of this clinical entity and is an important consideration for open reduction.
Canadian Political Science and the City: A Limited Engagement
Authors: Taylor Zack , Eidelman Gabriel
Published: January 2011

Abstract.This paper expands on the work of Higgins, whose 1979 review remains the only synthetic overview of the field, by presenting an updated analysis of the study of municipal, local and urban issues in Canadian political science. We conclude that despite several discursive shifts—from the descriptive works of the 1950s and 1960s, through to the blossoming of interdisciplinary research in the 1980s and 1990s—Higgins' principal conclusion, that the various streams of urban politics continue to be studied in relative isolation from each other, still rings true. Despite the recent broadening of the literature, productive scholarly debates within and across research clusters are rare, and where debates do emerge, they are more often driven by current events and normative claims than by theoretical innovations. To remedy these deficiencies, we propose several bases for a new urban research agenda that is more methodologically and theoretically diverse and connected to work in other disciplines.

Résumé.Dans la foulée des travaux de Higgins, cet article présente une mise à jour sur les enjeux municipaux, locaux et urbains en science politique canadienne. Higgins publia en 1979 la seule synthèse des travaux dans ce domaine disponible à ce jour. Il y concluait que les diverses problématiques associées aux politiques urbaines étaient étudiées de manière isolée les unes par rapport aux autres. Cette conclusion nous apparaît encore juste, malgré les nombreux changements de discours qu'a connus ce domaine d'études. En effet, les travaux descriptifs des années 1950 et 1960 ont fait place, dans les décennies 1980 et 1990, à un foisonnement de recherches interdisciplinaires. Or, malgré ce récent élargissement de la littérature, les débats productifs dans et entre les différents champs de recherche sont rares. De plus, lorsque des débats émergent, ils sont plus souvent motivés par les événements de l'actualité et les opinions émises que par l'innovation théorique. Pour combler ces lacunes, nous proposons plusieurs avenues ouvrant sur un nouvel agenda de recherche en politiques urbaines à la fois plus diversifié sur le plan méthodologique et théorique et davantage connecté aux travaux réalisés à l'extérieur de la science politique.
Exploring Complex Judicial–Executive Interaction: Federal Government Concessions in Charter of Rights Cases
Authors: Hennigar Matthew A.
Published: January 2011

Abstract.This article analyzes the federal government's concessions before the Supreme Court of Canada that its own laws are unconstitutional under the Charter of Rights, marking the first time that concessions have been analyzed empirically in Canada. Using data from 1984–2004, the author finds that full concessions of unconstitutionality are exceptionally rare but that partial concessions are not uncommon. There is weak support for the hypothesis that governments are more willing to concede laws passed by previous governments of a different party, but, on the whole, the federal government appears committed to defending its laws in court. The author explores the implications of this for the relationship between the judiciary and the executive, including judicial activism, Charter dialogue and government use of the courts to advance policy goals.

Résumé.Cet article analyse les concessions du gouvernement fédéral devant la Cour suprême du Canada que ses propres lois violent laCharte canadienne des droits et libertés. Il s'agit, en fait, de la première analyse empirique de ces concessions au Canada. S'appuyant sur des données des années 1984 à 2004, l'auteur constate que les concessions complètes d'inconstitutionnalité sont exceptionnellement rares, mais que les concessions partielles ne sont pas inhabituelles. On donne peu d'appui à l'hypothèse que les gouvernements sont plus disposés à concéder les lois passées par des gouvernements précédents représentant un autre parti, et, dans l'ensemble, le gouvernement fédéral semble être engagé à défendre ses lois devant les cours. L'auteur explore l'incidence de cette situation sur les relations entre le pouvoir judiciaire et le pouvoir exécutif, abordant, entre autres, la question de l'activisme judiciaire, du dialogue sur la Charte et de l'utilisation des tribunaux par le gouvernement pour promouvoir certaines politiques.
Professionalism, Sociability and the Liberal Party in the Constituencies
Authors: Koop Royce
Published: January 2011

Abstract.Studies of the local organizations of Canadian political parties often neglect those organizations' small leadership groups, the local executives. This article explores and develops a classification of constituency association executives. Interviews and participant observation in the Liberal party's constituency associations reveal that executives differ in their personnel, internal relations, organization, leadership and permeability. The result of this analysis is the development of two distinct types of executives: professional and sociable. Preliminary analysis suggests that political factors—local electoral strength and the presence of members of Parliament—play a crucial role in determining the development of professional executives.

Résumé.L'étude des organisations locales des partis politiques canadiens tend à négliger le leadership de ces petites organisations, soit les comités exécutifs de comté. Cet article explore le sujet et établit une classification de ces comités. La conduite d'entrevues et une observation participative au sein des associations de circonscription du Parti libéral révèlent que les comités exécutifs diffèrent dans leur gestion des ressources humaines, leurs relations internes, leur organisation, leur leadership et leur perméabilité. Les résultats de ces analyses permettent de dégager deux types de comité exécutif de comté, soit le type social et le type professionnel. Des analyses préliminaires permettent aussi de suggérer que des facteurs politiques – la force du parti dans la circonscription et la présence d'un élu au Parlement – jouent un rôle crucial dans la formation d'un comité exécutif de type professionnel.
Virtual Policy Networks: Where all Roads Lead to Rome
Authors: McNutt Kathleen
Published: January 2011

Abstract.Public sector websites are heavily invested in influencing policy outcomes through information provisioning and dissemination. Traditionally e-government research has focused on the internal functions of e-government studying service delivery, horizontal information processing integration and levels of implementation maturity. This paper shifts the analytical focus to external-facing e-government to consider the macro presentation of state-sponsored sites on the Web. To evaluate the external face of Canadian e-government this project measures the web-based impact of public sector websites in virtual policy networks. Virtual policy networks are web-based issues networks containing content on a specific policy topic and connected through hyperlinks. It is argued that government's online nodality in these networks is an indicator of public sector websites' authority and influence on the Web.

Résumé.Les sites Internet du secteur public sont fortement consacrés à influencer les résultats des politiques publiques en offrant et en disséminant de l'information. Par le passé, la recherche sur l'e-gouvernement s'est concentrée sur ses fonctions internes, en étudiant la distribution des services, l'intégration horizontale du traitement de l'information et les niveaux de maturité de la mise en œuvre. Cet article déplace la focale analytique vers les fonctions externes de l'e-gouvernement, en considérant une macroprésentation de sites étatiques sur la toile. Afin d'évaluer la dimension externe de l'e-gouvernement canadien, ce projet mesure l'impact Internet de sites du secteur public dans des réseaux virtuels de politiques publiques. Les réseaux virtuels de politiques publiques sont des réseaux Internet traitant de questions particulières; ils contiennent des renseignements sur des questions précises de politiques publiques et sont reliés entre eux par des hyperliens. L'auteure soutient que la nodalité en ligne du gouvernement dans ces réseaux est un indicateur de l'autorité des sites Internet du secteur public et de leur influence sur le reste de la toile.
Left/Right Ideology and Canadian Politics—ERRATUM
Authors: Cochrane Christopher
Published: January 2011

We regret that the originally published paper (Cochrane 2010) did not contain the author's proof corrections. We apologize for this oversight and reproduce the entire corrected paper here.
A universal law for capillary rise in corners
Authors: PONOMARENKO ALEXANDRE , QUÉRÉ DAVID , CLANET CHRISTOPHE
Published: January 2011

We study the capillary rise of wetting liquids in the corners of different geometries and show that the meniscus rises without limit following the universal law: h(t)/a ≈ (γt/ηa)1/3, where γ and η stand for the surface tension and viscosity of the liquid while $a\,{=}\,\sqrt{\gamma/\rho g}$ is the capillary length, based on the liquid density ρ and gravity g. This law is universal in the sense that it does not depend on the geometry of the corner.
Efficacy of eprinomectin pour-on treatment in sheep naturally infected withDictyocaulus filariaandCystocaulus ocreatus
Authors: Kırcalı Sevimli F. , Kozan E. , Doğan N.
Published: January 2011

The efficacy of eprinomectin onDictyocaulus filariaandCystocaulus ocreatusin naturally infected sheep was evaluated in the present study. In total, 30 infected sheep were randomly divided into two groups: treated (n = 15) and untreated (n = 15). A single pour-on dose of eprinomectin (0.5 mg/kg) was administered to the treated group. No medication was used in the untreated group. Faecal larval counts were performed on pre-treatment (day 0) and post-treatment (days 7, 14, 21 and 42) days. Eprinomectin was found to be 100% effective againstD. filariaon day 7 post-treatment when compared with the untreated group and it maintained this effect on days 14, 21 and 42. However, the decrease in faecal larval count ofC. ocreatuswas found to be 86, 86 and 91%, on days 14, 21 and 42, respectively.
Abnormal negative feedback processing in first episode schizophrenia: evidence from an oculomotor rule switching task
Authors: Huddy V. C. , Hodgson T. L. , Ron M. A. , Barnes T. R. E. , Joyce E. M.
Published: January 2011

Background

Previous studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia are impaired on executive tasks, where positive and negative feedbacks are used to update task rules or switch attention. However, research to date using saccadic tasks has not revealed clear deficits in task switching in these patients. The present study used an oculomotor ‘rule switching’ task to investigate the use of negative feedback when switching between task rules in people with schizophrenia.

Method

A total of 50 patients with first episode schizophrenia and 25 healthy controls performed a task in which the association between a centrally presented visual cue and the direction of a saccade could change from trial to trial. Rule changes were heralded by an unexpected negative feedback, indicating that the cue-response mapping had reversed.

Results

Schizophrenia patients were found to make increased errors following a rule switch, but these were almost entirely the result of executing saccades away from the location at which the negative feedback had been presented on the preceding trial. This impairment in negative feedback processing was independent of IQ.

Conclusions

The results not only confirm the existence of a basic deficit in stimulus–response rule switching in schizophrenia, but also suggest that this arises from aberrant processing of response outcomes, resulting in a failure to appropriately update rules. The findings are discussed in the context of neurological and pharmacological abnormalities in the conditions that may disrupt prediction error signalling in schizophrenia.
PIERRE BOULEZ IN INTERVIEW, 1996 (I) MODERNISM, HISTORY AND TRADITION
Authors: Guldbrandsen Erling E.
Published: January 2011

The following interview with Pierre Boulez contains arresting statements from the composer, casting new light on his musical and historical thinking. New insights emerge in an elaborate discussion of his compositional techniques in Pli selon pli and other main works. Surprising to some readers, Boulez the modernist here admits his constant dependence on personal choices and musical taste. He gives his views on modernism's intriguing relation to the classical musical tradition. He describes the cultural situation immediately following the Second World War and he discusses the complex relation between ‘life’ and ‘work’. Boulez takes up his experience as a conductor and points to the influence of Wagner, Debussy, and Mahler on his later conception of musical form. He finally airs his opinions on some lighter issues like Parisian culture, early music, rock, and opera.
FORMING, SUBMERGING, FLAMES, AIR: A MUSICAL ARCHITECTURE FOR VIC HOYLAND'S ‘PHOENIX’
Authors: Hooper Michael
Published: January 2011

In January 2009 the third part of a triptych of orchestral compositions by Vic Hoyland was performed by the BBC Symphony Orchestra. Each of its constituent compositions relates to a particular city: Vixen to Palermo, Qibti to Alexandria, and Phoenix to Venice. This article seeks a positive heuristics and proposes a reading of Phoenix that contemplates some of the ways in which freeing Hoyland's recent music from old arguments and discourses reveals music that is responsive to contemporary thought, fascinating, virtuosically idiosyncratic, and which presents new challenges to musical design.
No mirrors for the powerful: Why dominant smiles are not processed using embodied simulation
Authors: Huang Li , Galinsky Adam D.
Published: January 2011

A complete model of smile interpretation needs to incorporate its social context. We argue that embodied simulation is an unlikely route for understanding dominance smiles, which typically occur in the context of power. We support this argument by discussing the lack of eye contact with dominant faces and the facial and postural complementarity, rather than mimicry, that pervades hierarchical relationships.
Could embodied simulation be a by-product of emotion perception?
Authors: Kiverstein Julian , Zamuner Edoardo
Published: January 2011

The SIMS model claims that it is by means of an embodied simulation that we determine the meaning of an observed smile. This suggests that crucial interpretative work is done in the mapping that takes us from a perceived smile to the activation of one's own facial musculature. How is this mapping achieved? Might it depend upon a prior interpretation arrived at on the basis of perceptual and contextual information?
Conceptual knowledge: Grounded in sensorimotor states, or a disembodied deus ex machina?
Authors: Morsella Ezequiel , Montemayor Carlos , Hubbard Jason , Zarolia Pareezad
Published: January 2011

If embodied models no longer address thesymbol grounding problemand a “disembodied” conceptual system can step in and resolve categorizations when embodied simulations fail, then perhaps the next step in theory-building is to isolate the unique contributions of embodied simulation. What is a disembodied conceptual system incapable of doing with respect to semantic processing or the categorization of smiles?
Radical Bodies and Dangerous Ladies: Martial Arts and Women's Performance, 1900–1918
Authors: LOOSER DIANA
Published: January 2011

This article explores women's practice and theatrical presentation of jujutsu and judo in the early years of the twentieth century in the United States, Britain and New Zealand. My discussion treats three figures in particular: Fude Yamashita, who tutored upper-class Washington socialites and performed judo demonstrations on the American stage; the English militant vote-seeker, playwright and jujutsu practitioner Edith Garrud, proponent of jujutsu as a political activist performance and coordinator of the ‘fighting suffragettes’; and New Zealander Florence Le Mar, vaudeville performer and ‘the World's Famous Ju-Jitsu Girl’, who enthralled audiences with her spectacular show designed as an educational enterprise to empower women through transferable self-defence skills. A historical survey of these women's activities contributes to our understanding of the varied ways that women during this period used performance to resist patriarchal institutions and definitions, while offering insights into some of the ways that the Japanese martial arts were reinvented following their introduction to the West.
Rearticulating Cultural Hybridity: The Golden Bough Performance Society andThe Lady Knight-Errant of Taiwan – Peh-sio-lan
Authors: LIANG PEILIN
Published: January 2011

Founded in 1993, the Golden Bough Performance Society is one of Taiwan's foremost contemporary theatre companies, dedicated to decolonizing and localizing the theatre scene. Taking one of the company's most significant works to date,The Lady Knight-Errant of Taiwan – Peh-sio-lan, this article examines how cultural hybridity has come to inform the company's aesthetics, philosophy and practice in ways that serve to create an effective enunciatory site for the purposes of decolonization and empowerment.
Just One of the Goys: Salinger's, Miller's, and Malamud's Hidden Jewish Heroes
Authors: Garrett Leah
Published: January 2011

In his seminal essay “Jewish-Americans, Go Home” (1964), Leslie Fiedler attacked postwar Jewish writing and its widespread use of what he controversially labeled “crypto-Jewish characters,”

who are in habit, speech, and condition of life typically Jewish-American, but who are presented as something else—general-American say, as inDeath of a Salesman.
The Origin of Ta‘anit Esther
Authors: First Mitchell
Published: January 2011

This study seeks to explain the origin of the fast of the 13th of Adar. The practice of fasting on this day is puzzling for a number of reasons. Although the Bible describes fasting in the year of the Purim threat, this fast occurred in Nissan and the weeks thereafter. Nor does tannaitic or amoraic literature mention the practice of fasting on the 13th of Adar. To add to the puzzle,Megillat ta‘anit, compiled in the first centuryce, includes the 13th of Adar as a day on which Jews wereprohibitedfrom fasting.
Introduction to AJS Review Symposium: The Jewish Book: Views and Questions
Authors: Shear Adam
Published: January 2011

In the last several decades, the study of reading, writing, and publishing has emerged as a lively field of inquiry in the humanities and social sciences. Historians and literary scholars have engaged with a number of questions about the impact of changes in technology on reading practices and particularly on the relationship between new technologies of reading and writing and social, religious, and political change. The new field of the “history of the book,” merging aspects of social and intellectual history with the tools of analytical and descriptive bibliography, came to the fore in the second half of the twentieth century at the same time that the emergence of new forms of electronic media raised many questions for social scientists about the ways that technological change have affected aspects of human communication in our time. Meanwhile, while the field of book history emerged initially among early modernists interested in the impact of printing technology, the issues raised regarding authorship, publication, relations between orality and the written word, dissemination, and reception have enriched the study of earlier periods.
A naturalness bias in learning stress
Authors: Carpenter Angela C.
Published: January 2011

Recent research on the acquisition of naturalvs. unnatural phonological processes provides some support for the idea that learning a natural process is easier than learning an unnatural one (Wilson 2003, 2006, Pychaet al.2003, Pater & Tessier 2005). This study extends those findings by comparing the acquisition of two stress patterns that are identical except in naturalness. Learners were native speakers of English, a language with variable stress, and French, a fixed stress language. Both English and French speakers learned the natural pattern significantly better than the unnatural. The artificial languages specifically neutralised the phonetic cues that might have given a perceptual advantage to the natural language. The findings suggest that a naturalness bias aids in the distinguishing and learning of a phonological pattern. To explain the results, I argue for an interaction between a general and a language-specific cognitive mechanism.
Perceptual distinctness and long-distance laryngeal restrictions
Authors: Gallagher Gillian
Published: January 2011

In this paper, I present an analysis of the typology of laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions based on contrast markedness. The key ingredient of the analysis, for which I provide experimental support, is that laryngeal co-occurrence phenomena reflect a preference for maximising the perceptual distinctness of contrasts between words (Flemming 1995, 2004). An AX discrimination task finds that the contrast between an ejective and a plain stop is less accurately perceived in the context of another ejective in the word than in the context of another plain stop in the word. Pairs of words like [k'ap'i] and [k'api], which contrast 2vs. 1 ejectives, are less reliably distinguished than pairs of words like [kap'i] and [kapi], which contrast 1vs. 0 ejectives. The unifying factor of all laryngeal co-occurrence patterns is the neutralisation of the contrast between words with one and two laryngeally marked segments, exactly the contrast that is shown to be relatively perceptually weak.
More on balanced diets
Authors: FRIEDMANN OLIVER , LANGE MARTIN
Published: January 2011

Discrete Interval Encoding Trees are data structures for the representation of fat, i.e. densely populated sets over a discrete linear order. In this paper, we introduce algorithms for set-theoretic operations like intersection, union, etc. on sets represented as balanced diets. We empirically analyse their performance and show that these algorithms can outperform previously known algorithms on sets, such as the ones implemented in OCaml's standard library.
Court of Justice of the European Union: The Right to Family Reunification of Third-Country Nationals under EU Law; Decision of 4 March 2010, Case C-578/08, Rhimou Chakroun v. Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken
Authors: Wiesbrock Anja
Published: January 2011

On 4 March 2010 the Court of Justice of the European Union issued its first judgment on the conformity with EU law of national provisions implementing Directive 2003/86/EC on the right to family reunification. In the case Chakroun v. Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken the Court had to rule on the Dutch implementing measures concerning resource requirements and the concepts of family reunification and family formation.
Analyzing Institutional Persistence: The Case of the Ministry of Women's Affairs in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Curtin Jennifer , Teghtsoonian Katherine
Published: January 2011

The Ministry of Women's Affairs in Aotearoa/New Zealand was established as a stand-alone agency in 1986. It has remained institutionally intact for more than 20 years, unlike many women's policy agencies that have been downsized or eliminated. It has survived significant economic and state sector restructuring and weathered the extension of neoliberal orientations into the reform of social policy. We analyze New Zealand's version of state feminism during three political periods since its inception. For each period, we identify significant developments both in the broader political context and within the ministry itself, and examine how effective Women's Affairs has been in advancing the substantive interests of diverse groups of women. Our analysis identifies three key features of the Ministry of Women's Affairs—its political context, its political and bureaucratic leadership, and its institutional design—as important in explaining both the ministry's continued existence and the limits on what it has been able to achieve.
A maternal high-fat diet in rat pregnancy reduces growth of the fetus and the placental junctional zone, but not placental labyrinth zone growth
Authors: Mark P. J. , Sisala C. , Connor K. , Patel R. , Lewis J. L. , Vickers M. H. , Waddell B. J. , Sloboda D. M.
Published: January 2011

Maternal obesity during pregnancy is often characterized by fetal macrosomia but it can also result in fetal growth restriction in a subset of pregnancies. We hypothesized that mechanisms of this growth restriction may include adverse effects of maternal high fat (HF) intake on placental growth and function. Female rats (100 days old) were time-mated and randomly assigned to either a control (Con) or HF diet ad libitum throughout gestation. At E21, dams were killed; litter size and fetal and placental weights were recorded and maternal and fetal samples collected for further analyses. The HF diet resulted in a 54% increase in maternal body weight gain during gestation. In contrast, male and female fetal weights were reduced in HF pregnancies (P < 0.05), as were the weights of the junctional zone of the placenta (P = 0.013), whereas labyrinth zone weights were unaffected. The HF diet increased maternal and fetal plasma leptin levels (P < 0.05), but maternal and fetal insulin and fetal glucose levels were unaffected. Labyrinthine expression of PPARγ and total VEGFa mRNA, both markers of placental vascular development, were unaffected by consumption of the HF diet in placentas of male and female fetuses. Furthermore, maternal HF nutrition did not alter phosphorylated protein levels of either mammalian target of rapamycin or its downstream signaling factor eIF4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). These data show that in the rat, maternal HF nutrition results in fetal and placental junctional zone growth restriction, maternal and fetal hyperleptinemia but did not alter gene expression of markers of placental vascular development.
Wave operator bounds for one-dimensional Schrödinger operators with singular potentials and applications
Authors: Duchêne Vincent , Marzuola Jeremy L. , Weinstein Michael I.
Published: January 2011

Boundedness of wave operators for Schrödinger operators in one space dimension for a class of singular potentials, admitting finitely many Dirac delta distributions, is proved. Applications are presented to, for example, dispersive estimates and commutator bounds.
Multiferroic phase diagram of Y partially substituted Dy1−xYxMnO3
Authors: Zhang N. , Dong S. , Zhang G. Q. , Lin L. , Guo Y. Y. , Liu J.-M. , Ren Z. F.
Published: January 2011

The effect of nonmagnetic Y partial substitution at the Dy site in Dy1−xYxMnO3 up to x=0.2 on magnetism, specific heat, and ferroelectricity is investigated, which resulted in a preliminary multiferroic phase diagram. It is revealed that the Y partial substitution suppresses the Dy-spin ordering point (TDy) and ferroelectric ordering point (TFE) but enhances the Mn-spin ordering point (TN). The interaction between the spins of Dy and Mn is remarkably affected by Y substitution. The measured electrical polarization depends on the Y substitution in a complex way because the ferroelectricity is sensitive to the interaction between the spins of Dy and Mn.