bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The genome sequence of a soldierfly, Chorisops tibialis (Meigen, 1820)
Authors: Sivell Olga , McAlister Erica , Mitchell Ryan , Falk Steven ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2024

We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of Chorisops tibialis (soldierfly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Stratiomyidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 865.30 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.97%) is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 18.55 kilobases in length.
Development of an automated foot contact area measurement program for podoscopes using ChatGPT-4: a case report
Authors: Chang Min Cheol
Published: December 2024

Accurate measurement of the foot contact area is crucial for diagnosing pes planus (flatfoot) and pes cavus (high arch), which significantly affect pressure distribution across the plantar surface. This study aimed to develop a program using ChatGPT-4 to automate foot contact area measurements using a podoscope, thereby enhancing diagnostic precision. A 53-year-old female volunteer stood on a podoscope to capture images of her feet, which were processed to isolate the foot contours and measure the contact areas. A program developed utilizing ChatCPT-4 was designed to outline the feet, detect contact areas, and calculate their sizes and ratios. The results demonstrated clear visualization of foot contours with automated calculation of the contact area and its ratio to the total foot area. The entire foot area measured 1,091,381.00 pixels, with a contact area of 604,252.50 pixels. The ratio of the ground contact area to the entire foot area was calculated as 55.37%. This method, which employs advanced image-processing techniques powered by ChatGPT-4, demonstrates the potential for integrating artificial intelligence into clinical applications. This approach could improve diagnostic precision and patient outcomes through personalized treatment strategies.
Kto (i kiedy) podpisał konfederację warszawską 1573 roku? O uczestnikach zjazdu konwokacyjnego w pierwszym bezkrólewiu
Authors: Kalinowski Emil
Published: December 2024

Konwokacja warszawska ze stycznia 1573 r. była przełomowym momentem w dziejach bezkrólewia po śmierci Zygmunta II Augusta. Pośród innych istotnych decyzji tego zgromadzenia poczesne miejsce zajmuje uchwalenie konfederacji generalnej, zwanej odtąd warszawską, która przeszła do historii jako pomnik staropolskiej tolerancji religijnej. Z tego powodu kwestia ustalenia sygnatariuszy tego aktu budziła duże zainteresowanie. Tak zwany pierwszy tekst konfederacji, spisany w styczniu 1573 r. na papierze, zaginął. Listę osób pod nim podpisanych przechowała jednak oblata warszawska, niesłusznie dotąd uważana za poelekcyjną.
Nie wiadomo co, czyli Nowoczesność. Kilka refleksji o kategoriach opisu dziejów międzywojennej Polski
Authors: Flasiński Tomasz
Published: December 2024

Niniejszy tekst jest recenzją syntezy dziejów międzywojennej Polski pióra Włodzimierza Mędrzeckiego. Argumentuję w nim, że dychotomię „tradycyjny / nowoczesny”, na której opiera się autorskie wyjaśnienie społeczno-gospodarczych problemów Polski, zdefiniowano pod wieloma względami błędnie. Tekst postuluje ponadto szersze wykorzystanie analizy porównawczej i metodologii studiów postkolonialnych w badaniach nad historią Polski.
Theory Is All You Need: AI, Human Cognition, and Causal Reasoning
Authors: Felin Teppo , Holweg Matthias
Published: December 2024

Scholars argue that artificial intelligence (AI) can generate genuine novelty and new knowledge and, in turn, that AI and computational models of cognition will replace human decision making under uncertainty. We disagree. We argue that AI’s data-based prediction is different from human theory-based causal logic and reasoning. We highlight problems with the decades-old analogy between computers and minds as input–output devices, using large language models as an example. Human cognition is better conceptualized as a form of theory-based causal reasoning rather than AI’s emphasis on information processing and data-based prediction. AI uses a probability-based approach to knowledge and is largely backward looking and imitative, whereas human cognition is forward-looking and capable of generating genuine novelty. We introduce the idea of data–belief asymmetries to highlight the difference between AI and human cognition, using the example of heavier-than-air flight to illustrate our arguments. Theory-based causal reasoning provides a cognitive mechanism for humans to intervene in the world and to engage in directed experimentation to generate new data. Throughout the article, we discuss the implications of our argument for understanding the origins of novelty, new knowledge, and decision making under uncertainty.
Is accurate blood pressure measurement important? A review of nursing texts
Authors: Elliott Malcolm , Williamson Roz
Published: December 2024

Blood pressure measurement is a crucial task performed by nurses and a key step in the detection of clinical deterioration. However, research has indicated that blood pressure is one of the most inaccurately measured vital signs. There are many possible reasons for this, such as over-reliance on automated monitors. Textbooks are a common educational resource for student nurses and graduates. Therefore, the authors reviewed 22 contemporary nursing textbooks to determine their reliability as a source of information regarding blood pressure measurement. Most texts described manual and automated blood measurement and factors affecting the accuracy of measurement techniques, but only three texts described manual measurement as the gold standard method. Clinicians must be aware of the limitations of the blood pressure measurement methods they use. Educational resources should emphasise the importance of accurate blood pressure assessment and provide details of the most accurate methods for achieving this.
Mommy in the kitchen, Daddy in politics? The influence of parental labour division on children’s political gender role attitudes
Authors: Kamper Patricia
Published: December 2024

According to research on gendered political socialisation, children internalise political gender role attitudes by observing gender-specific behaviour in their environment. Since children’s experiences at home are crucial in this context, this article investigates the effect of the parental division of labour on children’s political gender role attitudes. For analyses, a unique data set from the ‘Learning to Live Democracy 2.0: Political Socialisation at the Beginning of Lower Secondary School’ research project with more than 1,000 German fifth-graders is used. The study reveals that children who perceive a traditional division of labour at home are more likely to have traditional political gender role attitudes. By means of mediation analysis, it is also found that the effect of the parental division of labour on children’s political gender role attitudes is mediated by their general gender role attitudes. These results underline the presumed close relationship between political and gender socialisation.
Use of Remotely Mapped Land Cover Features as a Proxy for Irish Bird and Butterfly Abundance and Distribution
Authors: McDougall Robert N. , Judge Michelle , Kennedy John , Lewis Lesley J. , Green Stuart
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: Agri-environment schemes, such as those in the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy, provide farmers financial incentives for protecting biodiversity. Whilst farmland biodiversity can be measured through observation of bioindicator organisms such as birds and butterflies, carrying out such measurements typically requires expensive field monitoring. One possible alternative is to use remotely sensed data to supplement or replace fieldwork. This study investigates this possibility using remote sensed data and two citizen science databases to examine birds and butterflies, in order to determine if remotely observable habitat features can serve as accurate proxies of farmland biota. We found relationships between bird abundance and richness and land covers such as grassland and hedgerows. However, relationships that may be indicative of the efficacy of agri-environment schemes had relatively little explanatory power. In the case of butterflies, relationships with mapped variables had even less explanatory power, possibly a result of the resolution of the butterfly data. We conclude that land cover maps are a valuable resource for ecological analyses of organisms such as birds, but not to the level necessary for monitoring agri-environment schemes. In the case of less mobile organisms such as butterflies, more precise spatial data is required before solid conclusions can be drawn.
A "Ful Vicious" Author: Examining J. K. Rowling's Transphobia through Her Framing of Chaucer's "Pardoner's Tale"
Authors: Hendricks Jacquelyn
Published: December 2024

Abstract: When J. K. Rowling uses Chaucer's "Pardoner's Tale" as her source text for "The Tale of the Three Brothers," she also incorporates Chaucer's frame, which questions whether a "vicious" storyteller can tell a moral tale. Rowling's use of this frame both signals that her characters may not be trustworthy and gives readers a lens for analyzing her transphobic messaging. Moreover, since the Pardoner is a queer (and possibly trans) character, embedding him within her text ultimately undermines her public transphobic statements. Additionally, we should look to the trans and nonbinary communities to guide us as we critically engage with Rowling's work going forward.
The Emigrant Dictionary: Robert Peattie's Annotations to Jamieson
Authors: Rennie Susan
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: Among the prized possessions of Robert Peattie, a young Scottish schoolteacher who had emigrated to New Zealand in 1875, was an abridged edition of Jamieson's Scots Dictionary . Rather than treating his dictionary as a passive reminder of the life he had left behind, Peattie actively added to its information, filling the margins of his copy with evidence of how Scots words recorded by Jamieson were being used half a century later. His annotations are part memoir, part diary, offering vignettes from Peattie's boyhood in Fife, as well as recording the continuing use of Scots among his fellow emigrants in Otago. They are therefore a form of lexicographical life-writing, where headwords serve as prompts for memory, both from earlier life and recent experience. Peattie's work was given new life in the twentieth century, when his annotated copy was consulted by the editors of the Scottish National Dictionary . This paper analyzes the style and content of Peattie's annotations from his copy, which is now in Glasgow University Library, and draws on newspaper and other contemporary sources to place Peattie's work in the context of attitudes to Scots among the Scottish emigrant community in nineteenth-century New Zealand.
Structuralist Violence
Authors: Lee Yoon Sun
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Though narratives have been called on to expose the operation of structural violence, they threaten to reinforce neoliberal ideas of agency. This essay argues for a return to structuralism not in order to construct a universal grammar but to take narratives apart. Structuralism looks for virtual borders and connections, durable cuts and links. It reveals how apparently bounded forms are constituted and given power through the way they organize differences, adjuncts, substitutes, and contraries. Structuralism's interlocking abstractions can shed light now on kinds of violence that are not personal and not events.
Alexander Pope's Earthworks
Authors: Kramnick Jonathan
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The essay examines Alexander Pope's dual role as poet and land artist through his creation of a grotto at Twickenham and his description of his grotto in verse and letters. With a focus on Pope's practical approach to art, it highlights Pope's ecological aesthetics and his ability to create environments using the different media of words and earth.
The Great Space
Authors: Marriott David
Published: December 2024

Abstract: This essay revisits James Baldwin's celebrated, albeit controversial, criticism of Richard Wright's Native Son . Offering a close reading of Baldwin's "the great space" (a figure that combines sex, race, castration, and violence, and other forms of aberrant "protest"), the essay argues that this figure of displacement immediately displaces its own inability to name what constitutes this displacement. What I name "blacksexe" emerges here as the symptom of that displacement, the detail of which can also be seen in Eldridge Cleaver's infamous critique of Baldwin: his writing, his sexuality, and his (white-identified) notion of masochism. The essay concludes with a series of observations on how blackness can never be separated from the "real" of castration.
Exile, Diaspora, and Sovereignty: Rethinking the Medieval Canon on Indigenous Lands
Authors: Akbari Suzanne Conklin
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Attentiveness to the land we live and work on requires that we resituate our relationships to monuments of literary history, and to one another. Drawing upon the words–and the artwork–of Lenape Delaware scholar and activist Joanne Barker, this article focuses on two recent handbooks, The Oxford Handbook of Dante (2021) and The Oxford Handbook of Chaucer (2020). The tension of individual and community, exile and diaspora, solitariness and relationality, found in Dante looks very different when viewed in light of work created by Indigenous writers and artists, and to the view of relationality, responsibility, and situatedness expressed through it.
The Ordination, Appointment, and Support of Married Presbyters and Their Families
Authors: Faris John D.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: As a consequence of canonical accommodations on the part of the Apostolic See, both the Eastern Catholic and Latin Churches in the United States are now being served by married presbyters, some with families. The provisions in both codes are general and necessitate ad hoc decision-making by bishops, leading to potential inequity and injustice. To address this, a system of best practices is needed for evaluating candidates; determining appropriate offices and functions for married presbyters; defining the role of spouses in the formation, ordination, and appointment process; and addressing issues of remuneration, housing, and benefits. This study aims to clarify certain canonical principles, identify key issues, and propose potential options.
A Synodal Approach to Pastoral Planning: A Path Towards Co-Responsible Governance or a "Merely" Consultative Waste of Time? A Case Study in One Archdiocese
Authors: Marino Jeannine
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: This article examines the nature of consultation in the Church, specifically the decision-making process, and focuses on the difference between decision-making and choice-making. Understanding the difference between decision-making and choice-making is key for productive, fruitful consultation and good governance practices in the Church. Furthermore, drawing upon Father John Beal's teachings, this article examines five attitudinal barriers that prevent consultation and six possible solutions to these barriers. The synodal pastoral planning process of the Archdiocese of Washington, Walking Together in Hope , is helpful in illustrating practical ways to ensure effective consultation with the People of God. Consultation in the Church is a vitally important part of good governance and serves the mission of the Church, since the active engagement of the People of God leads them to proclaim the Gospel message.
Expropriating Antisemitism: Universal Noncommonality in Marx's "On the Jewish Question"
Authors: Martyn David
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The perennial issue of whether Marx's notorious review of Bruno Bauer's early writings on the "Jewish Problem" are themselves antisemitic has always been tied up with the equally fraught issue of Marx's own Jewish "identity." The aim of the present essay is to reframe this debate and to ask whether, by taking Marx's positionality as a perceived Jew as well as that of his various implied readers into account, Marx's provocatively disturbing response to Bauer's antisemitic views might shed new light on the unsatisfactory alternative between a false universalism and an equally dissatisfactory particularism. I argue that it is possible to read the review as modeling two different languages: one that will affect differently positioned readers differently, but that none of them will openly espouse, a universal sensus non-communis ; and a second that reaches toward a sensus communis by means of its provocative use of the name of the Jew.
(Mis)communication in the Age of (Mis)information
Authors: Pfeifer Annie
Published: December 2024

Abstract: As the philosopher Jason Stanley notes, "A puzzle arises in our current moment: in a time in which there is more information available than ever before, there also seems to be an upsurge in willful ignorance." Some have connected this paradox to the polarization of American politics, which has been exploited by different parties and causes for political gain. From the Trump administration's deployment of "alternative facts" and "fake news" to the vaccine-skeptic calls to "do your own research," the critique of universalist claims has often been marshaled for intolerant, reactionary, and even deadly ends. By examining digital hoarding as both an aesthetic and epistemological problem, my article proposes that Stanley's paradox also has roots in the contemporary crisis of storing, organizing, and navigating information. Any shared or common sense has been replaced by a private hoard of information curated for and legible only to a coterie of followers—a development that has become weaponized by politics and resulted in the propagation of echo chambers, epistemic bubbles, and conspiracy theories. I conclude by trying to imagine the possibilities of shared communication in this age of (mis)information. Might it be possible to find some common ground without the hegemonic aspirations of the Enlightenment?
Finding Thelma's Garden
Authors: Manigault-Bryant James
Published: December 2024

Abstract: On discovering Lucille Clifton's poem "Spring Thought for Thelma," the author remembered the story his mother had told him of his grandmother's sudden passing in the garden of her Rubonia, Florida, home. While the initial lines of "Spring Thought" closely resembled his mother's recounting of his grandmother's final moments, the last sentence of the poem led the author to consider Rubonia's changing demographic makeup and the neglectful decisions of local government bodies that undermine the community's environmental conditions. Reading Clifton's poem allowed the author to reflect on how the garden, the community, and stories of his grandmother created his sense of home.
Investigation of a vortex beam-based inversion method for aerosol particle size distribution
Authors: Yali Ren , Yufeng Wang , Zeping Sun , Qing Guo , Huige Di , Yuehui Song , Dengxin Hua
Published: December 2024

Vortex light is a type of structured light with a spiral phase distribution. Owing to its unique orbital angular momentum and spiral phase, a new scattering mechanism might emerge when vortex light interacts with atmospheric aerosols. Unlike the existing 3β+2α aerosol particle size distribution (APSD) inversion method, vortex light is utilized instead of the traditional Gaussian beam, and a vortex beam-based 6β+6α regularization algorithm at a single wavelength is proposed to achieve the inversion of the APSD. First, on the basis of generalized Lorenz–Mie theory (GLMT), the aerosol scattering characteristics of vortex light are simulated and analyzed, and the sensitivities of aerosol particles to different types of vortex light are obtained. On this basis, a novel vortex beam-based APSD inversion method is presented. The core idea of this method is that the aerosol backscattering coefficients and extinction coefficients of vortex light with different topological charge L are employed as the optical inputs of the regularization algorithm, and the genetic algorithm is combined to solve the optimal configuration and the corresponding optimal combination of vortex light, thus realizing the rapid iterative inversion of the APSD. Second, taking urban industrial-type aerosols as an example, the simulated APSDs are investigated in detail under different configurations and combinations, and comparisons with the given APSD and error analysis results show that the optimal APSD inversion result can be achieved under the optimal configuration of 6β+6α, and the optimal combination of vortex light of L = 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7. Last, the volume concentration distributions of three typical types of tropospheric aerosols were inverted by the 6β+6α configuration, and the inversion errors were evaluated in terms of the aerosol volume concentration, number concentration, effective radius, and mean radius. The noise effects were also controlled within ±20%, ± 40%, ± 28%, and ±15% under 15% random noise. The results revealed the feasibility and universality of the proposed 6β+6α configuration for APSD inversion, which provides an important theoretical basis for the development and application of vortex light lidar in the atmospheric field.
Recurrent diffractive deep neural networks
Authors: Zhou Junhe , Wang Qiqi , Huang Chenweng
Published: December 2024

What we believe is a novel recurrent diffractive deep neural network (RD2NN) is proposed for image time division multiplexing and frequency division multiplexing. The RD2NN is formed by a diffractive deep neural network (D2NN) with its output connected backward to the input. Therefore, it enables the signals to be generated sequentially in the time domain. By precoding the images via the inverse Fourier transform (IFT), one may also realize frequency division multiplexed images. To train the RD2NN, a modified optical real-time back-propagation (BP) algorithm is proposed, which expands the RD2NN into sequential D2NNs with identical phase configurations. The temporal output images of the previous stage D2NN are used as the input image for the next stage D2NN during the training. Five consecutive images are generated either in the time domain or in the frequency domain with a 7-layer trained RD2NN.
Robust pattern retrieval in an optical Hopfield neural network
Authors: Katidis Michael , Musa Khalid , Kumar Santosh , Li Zhaotong , Long Frederick , Qu Chunlei , Huang Yu-Ping
Published: December 2024

Hopfield neural networks (HNNs) promise broad applications in areas such as combinatorial optimization, memory storage, and pattern recognition. Among various implementations, optical HNNs are particularly interesting because they can take advantage of fast optical matrix-vector multiplications. Yet their studies so far have mostly been on the theoretical side, and the effects of optical imperfections and robustness against memory errors remain to be quantified. Here we demonstrate an optical HNN in a simple experimental setup using a spatial light modulator with 100 neurons. It successfully stores and retrieves 13 patterns, which approaches the critical capacity limit of α
c
 = 0.138. It is robust against random phase flipping errors of the stored patterns, achieving high fidelity in recognizing and storing patterns even when 30% pixels are randomly flipped. Our results highlight the potential of optical HNNs in practical applications such as real-time image processing for autonomous driving, enhanced AI with fast memory retrieval, and other scenarios requiring efficient data processing.
Silicon photonics convolution accelerator based on coherent chips with sub-1 pJ/MAC power consumption
Authors: Zhu Ying , Xu Lu , Hua Xin , Liu Kailai , Liu Yifan , Luo Ming , Liu Jia , Dang Ziyue , Liu Ye , Liu Min , Zhang Hongguang , Chen Daigao , Wang Lei , Xiao Xi , Yu Shaohua
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI), owing to its substantial computing demands, necessitates computing hardware that offers both high speed and high power efficiency. A silicon photonic integrated circuit shows promise as a hardware solution due to its attributes, including high power efficiency, low latency, large bandwidth, and complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. Here, we propose a silicon photonic convolution accelerator (SiPh-CA) and experimentally realize a prototype with sub-integrated coherent transmit–receive optical sub-assemblies (sub-IC-TROSAs). The prototype, compared to a previous IC-TROSA-based convolution accelerator, achieves almost the same performances of 1.024 TOPS/channel and 96.22% inference accuracy when it processes neural networks for image recognition, using half the numbers of the modulators and the drivers with which over 1/3 chip footprint and 37.01% power consumption are reduced. By incorporating a broadcasting scheme based on splitters and combiners, the approach can efficiently process multiple convolutions in parallel, achieving several tera operations per second. This scalability feature allows the SiPh-CA to process complex AI and high-performance computing tasks.
Hyperspectral imaging in animal coloration research: A user-friendly pipeline for image generation, analysis, and integration with 3D modeling
Authors: Hogan Benedict G. , Stoddard Mary Caswell
Published: December 2024

Hyperspectral imaging—a technique that combines the high spectral resolution of spectrophotometry with the high spatial resolution of photography—holds great promise for the study of animal coloration. However, applications of hyperspectral imaging to questions about the ecology and evolution of animal color remain relatively rare. The approach can be expensive and unwieldy, and we lack user-friendly pipelines for capturing and analyzing hyperspectral data in the context of animal color. Fortunately, costs are decreasing and hyperspectral imagers are improving, particularly in their sensitivity to wavelengths (including ultraviolet) visible to diverse animal species. To highlight the potential of hyperspectral imaging for animal coloration studies, we developed a pipeline for capturing, sampling, and analyzing hyperspectral data (here, in the 325 nm to 700 nm range) using avian museum specimens. Specifically, we used the pipeline to characterize the plumage colors of the King bird-of-paradise (Cicinnurus regius), Magnificent bird-of-paradise (C. magnificus), and their putative hybrid, the King of Holland’s bird-of-paradise (C. magnificus x C. regius). We also combined hyperspectral data with 3D digital models to supplement hyperspectral images of each specimen with 3D shape information. Using visual system-independent methods, we found that many plumage patches on the hybrid King of Holland’s bird-of-paradise are—to varying degrees—intermediate relative to those of the parent species. This was true of both pigmentary and structurally colored plumage patches. Using visual system-dependent methods, we showed that only some of the differences in plumage patches among the hybrid and its parent species would be perceivable by birds. Hyperspectral imaging is poised to become the gold standard for many animal coloration applications: comprehensive reflectance data—across the entire surface of an animal specimen—can be obtained in a matter of minutes. Our pipeline provides a practical and flexible roadmap for incorporating hyperspectral imaging into future studies of animal color.
Proteomic analysis of mouse liver lesions at all three stages of Echinococcus granulosus infection
Authors: Jiang Nan , Chen Yang , Li Teng , Sun Yeting , Su Yaxin , Wang Ying , Shen Yujuan , Cao Jianping
Published: December 2024

Echinococcus granulosus, a zoonotic parasite, can severely damage host health or even lead to host death. In humans, early diagnosis of E. granulosus infection is difficult because the initial stages of the infection tend to be asymptomatic, this delays treatment and worsens prognosis in most patients. Herein, we present a comprehensive, temporal proteomic atlas of the liver at three stages of E. granulosus infection and analyze the changes in the proteome of host focal lesions; this atlas may provide an overview of the effects of E. granulosus in the host, as well as the interactions between them. We identified 3,197 proteins from mice model at 1, 3, and 6 months after E. granulosus infection; of these proteins, 760 were differentially expressed (520 upregulated; 240 downregulated). Moreover, 228 differentially expressed proteins were screened through cluster analysis and classified into four clusters according to their changing trends. Subsequently, candidate molecules related to cyst invasion, growth, candidate pathways and proteins related to angiogenesis were noted to demonstrate important value in mouse liver. Next, we used western blotting to verify the presence of the aforementioned proteins in mouse liver. In the later stages, E. granulosus infection was noted to result in significant enrichment of crucial proteins facilitating protoscoleces growth and development and inhibition of amino acid and lipid metabolic enzyme expression in mouse liver; it was also noted to transform host metabolism by weakening oxidative phosphorylation and enhancing glycolysis. In conclusion, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the parasitic processes of E. granulosus through proteomic analysis. Our results provide evidence that may enable the exploration of core regulatory targets for early and effective diagnosis and immunotherapy of E. granulosus infection, as well as parasite–host interactions involved in cystic echinococcosis development.
Ammonia and ethanol detection via an electronic nose utilizing a bionic chamber and a sparrow search algorithm–optimized backpropagation neural network
Authors: Shi Yeping , Shi Yunbo , Niu Haodong , Liu Jinzhou , Sun Pengjiao
Published: December 2024

Ammonia is widely acknowledged to be a stressor and one of the most detrimental gases in animal enclosures. In livestock- and poultry-breeding facilities, a precise, rapid, and affordable method for detecting ammonia concentrations is essential. We design and develop an electronic nose system containing a bionic chamber that imitates the nasal-cavity structure of humans and canines. The sensors are positioned based on fluid simulation results. Response data for ammonia and ethanol gases and the response/ recovery times of an ammonia sensor under three concentrations are collected using the electronic nose system. Response data are classified and regressed using a sparrow search algorithm (SSA)-optimized backpropagation neural network (BPNN). The results show that the sensor has a relative mean deviation of 1.45%. The ammonia sensor’s output voltage is 1.3–2.05 V when the ammonia concentration ranges from 15 to 300 ppm. The ethanol gas sensor’s output voltage is 1.89–3.15 V when the ethanol gas concentration ranges from 8 to 200 ppm. The average response time of the ammonia sensor in the chamber is 13 s slower than that of the sensor directly exposed to the gas being measured, while the average recovery time is 19 s faster. In tests comparing the performance of the SSA-BPNN, support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) models, the SSA-BPNN achieves a 99.1% classification accuracy, better than the SVM and RF models. It also outperforms the other models at regression prediction, with smaller absolute, mean absolute, and root mean square errors. Its coefficient of determination (R2) is greater than 0.99, surpassing those of the SVM and RF models. The theoretical and experimental results both indicate that the proposed electronic nose system containing a bionic chamber, when used with the SSA-BPNN, offers a promising approach for detecting ammonia in livestock- and poultry-breeding facilities.
Research on autonomous walking performance and electromechanical characteristics of mining double-track chassis
Authors: Chen Zeren , Wang Yongpeng , Yang Fei , Li Ruibin , Han Peng , Xue Duomei
Published: December 2024

To study the autonomous walking performance and corresponding electromechanical characteristics of unmanned mining equipment under different slopes, turning radii, and ground conditions. Firstly, the autonomous walking systems based on PID, fuzzy PID, and BP PID, in this paper, are constructed, and then the electromechanical coupling simulation is carried out to analyse autonomous walking performance and electromechanical characteristics of mining double-track chassis under different working conditions. Finally, the feasibility of the autonomous walking system based on fuzzy PID is verified by the path-tracking experiment. The results show that the autonomous walking performance of the autonomous walking system based on the fuzzy PID is the best. Under the soft ground, the current, voltage, and load torque are all increased to varying degrees due to the sinking phenomenon of the crawler, but the driving speed is reduced, and when mining double-track chassis makes large-radius turns, the autonomous walking system based on the BP PID can also be given priority with a path deviation within 0.1 m.
Predictors of frequency of CF care in the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry
Authors: Hinton Alexandra C. , Sears Edmund H. , Zuckerman Jonathan B. , Lopez-Pintado Sara
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Prolonged gaps in care of >12-months are frequent among people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) and are associated with reduced lung function. Comprehensive analysis of patient-level predictors of visit frequency is needed to optimize protocols for stable pwCF and identify subgroups at high risk of gaps and poor outcomes, promoting equitable treatment for all pwCF.

Objective

To determine sociodemographic and disease-related factors predictive of visit frequency in pwCF and to assess how these effects vary across the lifespan.

Methods

We conducted an observational cohort study using data from 2004–2016 for pwCF aged 6–60 years in the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry. We modeled the relationship between patient-level characteristics and between-visit interval (BVI) using multivariable longitudinal semiparametric regression. BVI was defined as the number of days from the index encounter to the previously recorded visit.

Results

The study included 28,588 pwCF with 859,568 encounters. Overall, 55% of visits occurred within 90 days of the prior visit, adhering to national guidelines. On average, adults without common CF-complications attended clinic approximately every 4 months, with a BVI ≥ 110 days from age 23–56. Males attended clinic less frequently than females (9.8% longer BVI; 95% CI 9.1%, 10.5%; p<0.001), as did non-white individuals (3.6% longer BVI than whites; 95% CI 2.2%, 5.0%; p<0.001), with the greatest differences seen in young adults. Those with public and private insurance largely adhered to current guidelines (maximum average BVI of 90 and 95 days, respectively). In contrast, uninsured individuals over age 25 had a mean BVI ≥ 30 days longer than the insured.

Conclusions

Frequent visits in those with CF-complications likely reflects higher need, while less frequent visits in male, non-white, and uninsured individuals may reflect patient-preference or structural barriers to care. Risk factors for gaps in care should inform changes to CF care recommendations going forward.
A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for optimizing the small-world property
Authors: Zhang Ruochen , Zhu Bin
Published: December 2024

Small-world effect plays an important role in the field of network science, and optimizing the small-world property has been a focus, which has many applications in computational social science. In the present study, we model the problem of optimizing small-world property as a multiobjective optimization, where the average clustering coefficient and average path length are optimized separately and simultaneously. A novel method for optimizing small-world property is then proposed based on the multiobjective evolutionary algorithm with decomposition. Experimental results have proved that the presented method is capable of solving this problem efficiently, where a uniform distribution of solutions on the Pareto-optional front can be generated. The optimization results are further discussed to find specific paths for optimizing different objective functions. In general, adding edges within the same community is helpful for promoting ACC, while adding edges between different communities is beneficial for reducing APL. The optimization on networks with the feature of community structure is more remarkable, but community structure has less impact on the optimization when the internal community is triangles-saturated.
Metabolic modelling links Warburg effect to collagen formation, angiogenesis and inflammation in the tumoral stroma
Authors: Mahout Maxime , Schwartz Laurent , Attal Romain , Bakkar Ashraf , Peres Sabine
Published: December 2024

Cancer cells are known to express the Warburg effect—increased glycolysis and formation of lactic acid even in the presence of oxygen—as well as high glutamine uptake. In tumors, cancer cells are surrounded by collagen, immune cells, and neoangiogenesis. Whether collagen formation, neoangiogenesis, and inflammation in cancer are associated with the Warburg effect needs to be established. Metabolic modelling has proven to be a tool of choice to understand biological reality better and make in silico predictions. Elementary Flux Modes (EFMs) are essential for conducting an unbiased decomposition of a metabolic model into its minimal functional units. EFMs can be investigated using our tool, aspefm, an innovative approach based on logic programming where biological constraints can be incorporated. These constraints allow networks to be characterized regardless of their size. Using a metabolic model of the human cell containing collagen, neoangiogenesis, and inflammation markers, we derived a subset of EFMs of biological relevance to the Warburg effect. Within this model, EFMs analysis provided more adequate results than parsimonious flux balance analysis and flux sampling. Upon further inspection, the EFM with the best linear regression fit to cancer cell lines exometabolomics data was selected. The minimal pathway, presenting the Warburg effect, collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and release of inflammation markers, showed that collagen production was possible directly de novo from glutamine uptake and without extracellular import of glycine and proline, collagen’s main constituents.
Simulation study on hydrogen concentration distribution in hydrogen blended natural gas transportation pipeline
Authors: Xu Weiqing , An Yongwei , Yan Shuangjie , Li Rui , Cai Maolin , Jia Guanwei
Published: December 2024

Hydrogen is a clean energy source, and blending it with natural gas in existing pipeline networks is a key transition solution for transportation cost reduction. However, during the transportation process, a non-uniform distribution of hydrogen concentration occurs in the pipeline due to gravity. Therefore, it is necessary to study the hydrogen concentration distribution law of hydrogen-blended natural gas in pipelines. The undulation and ball valve pipelines, which are common in transport pipelines, were constructed in this study. The effects of the undulation angle, height, pipeline diameter, ball valve opening, and temperature on the distribution of the hydrogen concentration were investigated using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods. The results indicated that the hydrogen concentration gradient changed gently with the larger diameter of the undulating pipeline, minimizing hydrogen accumulation. Higher undulation angle and smaller height differences reduces the hydrogen accumulation risk. Increasing vertical height difference of the pipeline from 5 m to 15 m increased the hydrogen volume fraction gradient by1.3 times. In the ball valve pipeline, the velocity fluctuation decreased as the ball valve opening increased. However, the hydrogen accumulation phenomenon was obvious. The opening increased from 25% to 100% and the hydrogen volume fraction gradient increased more than two times. Selecting delivery conditions with low hydrogen blending ratios, high temperatures, low pressures, and high flow rates reduces the occurrence of hydrogen buildup in the pipeline.
Predictors of maternal HIV acquisition during pregnancy and lactation in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Graybill Lauren A. , Chi Benjamin H. , Hamoonga Twaambo E. , Kasaro Margaret , Hodges Jasmine N. , Richardson Brian D. , Bissram Jennifer S. , Saidi Friday , Mollan Katie R. , Freeborn Kellie , Rosenberg Nora E. , Powers Kimberly A. , Mutale Wilbroad
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To eliminate vertical transmission of HIV, global institutions recommend using a risk-guided approach for HIV prevention services in antenatal and postnatal settings. Identifying predictors of maternal HIV acquisition can inform the development of risk-guided approaches, but individual studies of predictors can have limited power and generalizability.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis to identify common predictors of maternal HIV acquisition in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We searched four databases for full-text articles that estimated associations between at least one predictor and risk of HIV acquisition among pregnant and/or lactating women (PLW) in SSA. We restricted our synthesis to predictors assessed in at least four study populations. For these predictors, we summarized how each predictor was defined and used vote counting and descriptive statistics to characterize overall trends.

Results

We identified 26 eligible publications that summarized results from 24 unique studies. Studies were implemented in 12 countries between 1988 and 2021 and enrolled a total of 164,480 PLW at risk of acquiring HIV. Of the 66 predictors evaluated, 16 met our inclusion criteria. Estimated associations tended to be imprecise and variability in how predictors were measured precluded meta-analyses. We observed trends towards a higher risk of maternal HIV acquisition among young women and women who reported early coital debut, multiple partnerships, sexually transmitted infections, being unaware of partner HIV status, or having a partner living with HIV. In most studies, PLW in stable, monogamous relationships experienced a lower risk of acquiring HIV than those who were single, separated, or in a polygynous marriage. HIV risk perception, condom use, and vaginal drying were also commonly associated with HIV acquisition risk.

Conclusions

In our systematic review and narrative synthesis, we identified several easily measured characteristics that were associated with HIV acquisition among PLW in multiple study populations across SSA. Such findings can support the development and refinement of risk-guided approaches for HIV prevention in the region.
Pavlov kettős szerepe a magyar pszichológia sorsában az 1950–60-as években
Authors: Pléh Csaba
Published: December 2024

Dolgozatom alapmondanivalója az, hogy miközben a kikényszerített Pavlov-kultusz a russzifikációval és egy évtizedekkel korábbi pszeudo-neurobiológiai tanulásmodell kizárólagos előtérbe állításával negatív hatást gyakorolt a magyar pszichológiára, s tágabban a hazai szellemi életre, ugyanakkor az 1950-es, 1960-as években a kor pszichológiáját s benne kiemelten a kísérleti szellemet meg tudta védeni az aktivitáscentrikus, voluntarista ideológia és nevelésfilozófia uralmától. Ebben a keretben értelmezem a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Pavlov Bizottságának munkáját. Az 1952-ben megalakult Pavlov Bizottság, már csak összetétele és vezetése révén is, alapvetően holisztikus orvosi modellben értelmezte Pavlovot, és erre az orvosi értelmezésre akarta visszavezetni a pszichológia és a pedagógia kérdéseit. Ugyanakkor a Pavlov-kultusz a holizmus mellett egy dialektikus retorikát is lehetővé tett, amely megjelenik a marxista filozófiában, a pedagógiában, és kisebb nyomokban a magyar pszichológiában is. Olyan szóömleny volt ez, amely mindent a feltételes reflexek keretében próbált meg kezelni, fából vaskarika fogalmakkal, mint a dinamikus sztereotípia, megpróbálta a biológiai rendszert beilleszteni a dialektikus szómágia és a társadalmi determináció világába. Valami egyszerre sztereotip, azaz determinált, ugyanakkor hajlékony, azaz lehetővé teszi a mindent átható, a kommunista párt vezető szerepének megfelelő felülről-lefelé környezeti determinizmust. A Pavlov-kultusz korabeli pozitív jelentősége a magyar pszichológiai közegben kettős volt. Egyrészt segített megmenteni az akkor már 50 éves Ranschburg-intézet pszichológiai autonómiáját, átemelve az intézetet az MTA és ezen belül a Pavlov Bizottság felügyelete alá. Ugyanakkor a Pavlov Bizottság hívta fel az MTA figyelmét a pszichológia jelentőségére, hogy 1958-ban maga is a Pszichológiai Bizottságnak adja át a helyét. Tartalmi tekintetben elsősorban a tanulás előtérbe állításával átmentette, sőt újraformázta a kísérleti szemléletet. A magyar pszichológiában Kardos Lajos értelmezte Pavlovot egy összehasonlító tanuláslélektan keretében. A következő nemzedék képviselője, Marton L. Magda pedig rámutatott arra, hogy Pavlovból levezethető egy olyan tanuláselméleti megalapozottságú személyiség-lélektan, amely az egyéni különbségek neurális és tanulási tipológiájára helyezi a hangsúlyt. Az 1960-as években azután a magyar kísérleti pszichológia és a neurobiológia fokozatosan eltávolodott Pavlovtól. Előtérbe került a pavlovi passzív kondicionálással szembeállított aktív instrumentális kondicionálás mint alapvető mechanizmus, és a motiváció és az aktivitás mozzanata.
Interação entre Academia e Mercado
Authors: Almeida Jose Elias Feres de Almeida
Published: December 2024

O editorial destaca a importância da colaboração entre a academia e o mercado. Apesar das barreiras institucionais, essa interação beneficia ambas as partes: docentes enriquecem suas aulas com experiências práticas e os alunos ganham mais oportunidades no mercado. Além disso, projetos conjuntos geram novas ideias de pesquisa. Uma alternativa seria atividades externas esporádicas, porém, fatores culturais e burocráticos nas instituições de ensino superior (IES) precisam ser considerados nessas parcerias. O importante a ser avaliado é que um círculo virtuoso começa com o primeiro passo de ambos os lados para esse relacionamento até sua consolidação.