bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRELIMINARY LIST OF FRESHWATER ALGAE FOUND IN IZHEVSK CITY AREA
Authors: Goskova S.M.
Published: October 2022

The preliminary list of micro- and macro- algal taxa is provided for the part of Izh river drainage basin included in Izhevsk city area, which is the first taxonomical list for this territory. The list includes 73 species-level taxa from 6 divisions. The Fragilariaceae and Bacillariaceae families are the most numerous in terms of the number of species represented, belonging to the Bacillariophyceae class. The presence of Hydrodictyon reticulatum , a species included in the Red Book of the Udmurt Republic, was found at two investigated sites. Information about places and periods when species can be found and a coordinate table of sampling places are also attached along with some illustrations.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURE (ON THE MATERIALS OF UDMURTIA)
Authors: Akmarov P.B. , Knyazeva O.P. , Rysin I.I.
Published: October 2022

The influence of climatic factors on the efficiency of production activities in agriculture is shown on the example of Udmurtia. The patterns of changes in the main climatic factors affecting the yield of grain crops, such as the amount of precipitation and the temperature regime of the air during the growing season of plants and the associated generalizing hydrothermal coefficient for the period from 1951 to 2020, are revealed. During the study period, precipitation determined changes in grain yields by an average of 19.3 %, and the average air temperature - by 14.1 %. At the same time, it is precisely the conditions of plant growth in the month of June that have the most significant influence, when the indicators under consideration determine more than 18 % of the yield of grain crops. At the same time, the share of influence of the factors under consideration varied significantly over ten-year periods: from 3.4 % (2001-2010) to 60.8 % (1971-1980). The results of a statistical assessment of the degree of influence of environmental factors on the yield of grain crops in Udmurtia are presented. The trend of a relative decrease in the impact of climate on the efficiency of agricultural production over the past half century has been revealed. The significance of climate variations in different regions of Udmurtia is proved, which affects the efficiency of agricultural production. Agro-climatic zoning of the region's territory is proposed using the cluster analysis method and the results of this zoning are shown.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF FOG RECURRENCE IN THE PERM REGION AND ITS IMPACT ON ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION
Authors: Kostareva T.V.
Published: October 2022

The article presents a spatio-temporal analysis of fog recurrence according to data from 11 weather stations in the Perm region. The effect of fog on air pollution in the cities of the region is also considered. The study period is 1999-2016. Fogs in Perm Krai are observed throughout the year. Their distribution by month and territory is uneven. The maximum number of days with fogs is observed in warm seasons. Fogs are most often observed in Perm Krai in Cherdyn, Vaya and Oktyabrsky weather stations, mainly in August-October. The synoptic situations in which fogs are most often observed in the region include low-gradient field, warm cyclone sector and anticyclone centre. These account for more than 70 % of all synoptic situations in which fogs were observed. The level of air pollution at these synoptic situations was high and low. High level of air pollution on days with fogs was created in Perm at the south-western periphery of the anticyclone and in the centre of the anticyclone, in Gubakha - at the northern, eastern and south-western periphery of the anticyclone. In the towns of Berezniki and Solikamsk, no dangerous air pollution levels were observed on days with fogs. Analysis conducted to identify cases of exceeding Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) of pollutants in fogs showed that cases of exceeding MPC were quite frequent. In Perm, Solikamsk and Gubakha cities MPC exceedances for formaldehyde account for 40 - 77 % of all impurities. In Berezniki, nitrogen dioxide and hydrochloric acid account for 65 % of all MPC exceedances.
LINK BETWEEN SOME VIRULNCE FACTORS GENES AND ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors: Ibrahim Aida H.
Published: October 2022

The research was aimed to demonstrate the frequency of virulence factors genes (exoenzyme S and exotoxin A) and to express their relationship to antibacterial resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients suffering from otitis externa. The results were revealed that only twenty one (32%) out of 65 clinical ear swabs were Pseudomonas aeruginosa. According to PCR amplification, 18 (85.7%) bacterial isolates were expressed both toxins ( exoenzyme S and exotoxin A). The data get by real time experiments were revealed that the isolates were give higher percentage of resistance were seen against Ceftazidime (90.5%) and Gentamicin (88.5%).Only thirteen isolates (61,90%) of Multidrug resistance (MDR) –Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were detected, and two (9.5%) isolates were resist to all 8 classes of antibiotics and considered as PDR, and three (14.2%) bacterial isolates resist seven classes of antibiotics which considered as XDR.
CASPASE 9 GENE EXPRESSION AND CASPASE 9 PROTEIN IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN IRAQ
Authors: K. Abdullah W. , A. Maha F.
Published: October 2022

The following study was carried out to investigate gene expressions of the CASPASE 9 gene and CASPASE 9 protein with the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in Iraq. The differences in the expression of this gene between patients and healthy controls were included. The correlation of age and gender with CML occurrence comparing with controls was studied. Results showed significant increases in the mean of gene expression level (ΔCt) of patient groups compared to the corresponding ΔCt means in control group, also the gene expression folding (2-∆∆Ct) of  CASPASE 9  gene  reflect significant differences in the expression showed the highest level in CML patients which reached to (16.19), the level of CASPASE 9 protein was (1.025 ng/ml) in patients with CML compared to control groups with significant differences.  On the other hand no significant differences were exhibited according to age and gender between CML patients and control, this result suggest that CML can affect all ages and occur in both male and females.
GROWTH, YIELD, AND ANTIOXIDANT TRAITS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF BEETROOT AS AFFECTED BY VERMICOMPOST AND GLUTATHIONE
Authors: Al-Khafaji Aseel M.H. H. , Al-Amri N. J. K. , Al-Dulaimi N. H. A.
Published: October 2022

This study was aimed to assess the impact of vermicompost, glutathione, and their interaction on beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) growth, yield, and antioxidant traits. The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall season 2019. The experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (3X3X3). Applying vermicompost before cultivation represented the first factor (0, 15, 30 ton.ha-1), which symbolized (V0, V1, V2). Glutathione (0, 75, 150 mg.L-1) which symbolized (G0, G1, G2) represented the second factor. Results showed the superiority of secondary interaction treatment V2G2 in producing significant increases in dry weight of vegetative  growth (50 g.) chlorophyll concentration in leaves (244.6mg.100-1g FW), Betacyanins in leaves and tuber roots (52.67, 89.33 mg.100ml-1) respectively scavenging activity for DPPH in leaves and root tubers (97.33, 91.66 %) respectively, and tuber root weight (200 g).
EFFECIENCY OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES COATED MINT AS ANTI-FUNGAL AGAINST SAPROLEGNIASIS DISEASE IN COMMON CARP
Authors: Alwash Sarab W. , Al-Faragi J. K. , Al-Saadi Tagreed M.
Published: October 2022

The present study was aimed to find out the efficacy of M-CuNPs, mint, and CuSO4 in controlling saprolegniasis in common carp. The efficacy of Cu-NP which prepared by using chemical method was examined. 120 fish of weight 80±10g were groups divided into six replications (10 fish/replicate) and the groups were treated as follows: (C-) health without any infection and without treatment, (C+) infected and without treated, (T1 and T2) The fish were infected with the fungus and treated with M-CuNPs at concentrations 20, and 10 mg/l respectivly.T3: fish infected with fungus and treated with copper sulfate at concentration 0.5mg/l. T4: Infected fish were treated at a concentration 100 mg/L of mint. After 14 days of treatment, samples were collected from fish for study the histopathological changes. The copper nanoparticles treatment, 20 mg/l showed the highest survival rate (85%). The survival rate of the control group (C+)(50%). Histopathological studies revealed a significantly increased (p<0.05) percentage of gill epithelial proliferation and epithelial lifting in fish from nanoparticles groups relative to C(+) and C(-). Copper nanoparticles appear to be a good disinfectant against Saprolegnia infection at the dose of 20 mg/l.
EFFECT OF ZINC ADDITION TO DRINKING WATER ON PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOR OF GROWING LAMBS DURING HOT CLIMATE
Authors: Abbi Araz Q. S. , Zebari Hawar M. H. , Barwary Mwafaq S. Q. , Hidayet Hoger M.
Published: October 2022

The aim of the current study was to determine whether adding zinc to water will improve lamb performance and behavior during a hot climate. In this experiment, twenty seven lambs were housed indoor in individual pens (1.50 x 1.30m). Zinc was added to the fresh drinking water in three different levels namely T1 (0 mg Zn/day), T2 (36 mg Zn/day) and T3 (72 mg Zn/day). Rumination (m/h), feeding time (m/h), number of visiting feeds (n/h), standing time (m/h), lying time (m/h) and standing bouts (n/h) were recorded three times a day by visual observation. Dry matter intake (kg/d), drinking water intake (litter/day), daily live weight gain and feed conversion ratio were also recorded. The current results indicated that rumination, feeding duration, and the visiting feed number were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in T2 than T1 and T3 groups. However, no-differences were noticed among T1, T2 and T3 groups regarding standing time, lying time, standing bouts, dry matter intake, water intake, daily live weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. In conclusion, adding zinc to fresh drinking water improved rumination, feeding duration and the feed visiting number.
Un passo ulteriore verso un sistema federale: un tributo per l’Unione Europea
Authors: Bizioli Gianluigi
Published: October 2022

Attempts to adapt the idea of sovereignty in order to understand the phenomenon of European integration inevitably lead to two opposing theoretical representations: on the one hand, to configure European integration as a process derived from and legitimised by state sovereignty; on the other hand, on the contrary, to consider the European Union as the locus of sovereign legitimation and that this radiates out over the member states. These reconstructions are inadequate: on the one hand, they employ a notion of sovereignty that does not fit the plural organisations of state, and, in particular, the idea of federalism, and, on the other hand, they were unable to valorise the original features of the EU system, its functioning and relations with the member states. The aim is to investigate the prerequisites and limits of the Union's tax power and, to this end, the question of the (preferable) qualification of the Union will be addressed first; then, that of the contents and boundaries of the Union's tax competences in order to verify the ownership of a power to introduce own taxes, having regard to the regulatory function of the Union and the instrumental function for the establishment and functioning of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).
Stuck Pipe Detection For North Sumatera Geothermal Drilling Operation Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Sarwono Sarwono , Lukas Lukas , Kartawidjaja Maria Angela , Wardana Raka Sudira
Published: October 2022

One of the most common problems encountered during geothermal drilling operations is stuck pipe. The risk of stuck pipe is higher in geothermal drilling operations since geothermal drilling targets the lost circulation zone at reservoir depth. The stuck pipe problem can cause a significant increase in drilling time and costs. The cost of a stuck pipe includes the time and money spent on extracting the pipe, fishing the parted BHA, and the effort required to plug and abandon the hole. Therefore preventing stuck pipes is far more cost effective than the most effective freeing procedures.  Many researchers are working to identify the symptoms to reduce the risk of a stuck pipe. Due to the complexion of stuck pipeâ€™s symptoms and indicators, some researcher proposed artificial intelligence (AI) as the tool to predict stuck pipes. Although researches have been made to build systems employing artificial intelligence (AI) to avoid stuck pipe occurrences in oil and gas drilling operations, few works have been done for geothermal drilling operations. This paper describes a study that employed Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approaches to predict stuck pipe incidents. Field data were collected from 6 geothermal wells drilled in North Sumatera fields. ANN was used to construct models to forecast stuck pipe incidents. The investigation found that ANN showed good performance with 84% accuracy and 74% recall for the limited training dataset. These ANN approaches provide good predictions that can help increase response time and accuracy in preventing stuck pipes.
What lay illness narratives reveal about AIDS-related stigmatization
Authors: Carstens Adelia
Published: October 2022

The main purpose of this contribution is to broaden the understanding of variablessurrounding the stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS by analyzing a corpus ofAfrikaans-speaking teenagers' narratives on HIV/AIDS. Support is given for the hypothesisthat lay illness narratives are interdiscursive constructions, based on media discoursesabout HIV/AIDS, and mapped against the mental schemas of the narrator's own life andidentity. Instances of convergence as well as dissonance between reported illnessnarratives (media narratives) and lay illness narratives are highlighted, with specificreference to the clustering of stereotypical features, constituting three archetypes ofpeople living with HIV/AIDS, namely the AIDS carrier, the AIDS victim and the AIDSsurvivor.
Theories, models and strategies in developing an effective HIV/AIDS campaign in South Africa
Authors: Qakisa Mpine
Published: October 2022

There is no doubt that the impact of media messages and campaigns has helped toinform, sustain and shape attitudes on a health issue such as HIV/AIDS. They have beenheralded as the most important tools in raising awareness but little is known about howmuch impact they have had in changing people’s behaviour. The purpose of HIV/AIDShealth communication and campaigns is to educate by improving health, reducing therisks of HIV infections and promoting the well-being of individuals and communities.Most HIV/AIDS campaigns have been unsuccessful in achieving this goal because of poorconceptualisation and narrow strategic approaches. In fact, the media has been blamedfor perpetuating confusions around the disease. Another problem may be that mosthealth programme interventions have not been based on theories and models. Theoriesplay a pivotal role in planning and implementing campaign strategies. Theories andmodels can be used to help campaign developers understand the nature of the targetedbehaviour, suitable programmes for the targeted people, the methods that can be usedto accomplish change, and the outcomes for the evaluation. Media messages andcampaigns, if designed properly, can have a major impact on behavioural change. Inthis paper, I shall look at media messages and campaigns on HIV/AIDS, and address theapplication of health communication theories in influencing health behaviour. Finally,I shall look at how theories can be used to develop effective health campaigns targetingthe people of South Africa.
Soap opera viewing in a communal context
Authors: Tager Michele
Published: October 2022

This paper presents some of the findings of an ethnographic audience study of the soapopera viewing patterns and interpretations of Zulu-speaking students living in residencesat a South African university (Natal University’s Durban campus) who watch The Boldand the Beautiful (an American soap opera) and Generations (a South African soapopera). Although the research undertaken covered various aspects of the soap operaviewing experience and the consumption of an international vs a local soap opera, thispaper will focus specifically on the nature of the viewing process and the ways in whichthe respondents relate to both soap operas, and it touches briefly on how the viewingpatterns of the students and their motivations for watching compare with audiencestudies conducted elsewhere in the world.
Globalization and communication science
Authors: Ferreira Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon characterized by both integrating anddisintegrating forces. This article argues that the outcome of Globalization will bedetermined by how the global community responds to, and engages in, the process. Itsuggests that communication scholars can play a role in influencing globalization towardsa constructive outcome by directing their research endeavours and theoretical reflectiontowards finding ways to enhance human development and effective global integration.A conceptualization of globalization for communication science and a number oftheoretical approaches which could be used to study the phenomenon from acommunication perspective, are proposed. Lastly, suggestions are offered for researchcontributions that could assist in steering the global system towards a more mature andstable state and the attainment of a higher order of societal consciousness.
Communication and leader-member exchange
Authors: Price Gill , Bezuidenhout Louise
Published: October 2022

This study partially replicated similar research conducted by Yrle, Hartman & Galle(2002:262) and Yrle, Hartman & Galle (2003:95-96) in the United States (US), whichexamined the correlations between communication style and leader-member exchange(LMX) in the South African context. It also took into consideration the potential impactof aspects such as gender, demographics and diversity on supervisor-subordinate LMXand communication considering the uniqueness of the South African environment.The research was conducted among supervisors and their subordinates at a South Africangovernment department. Forty-nine supervisors and subordinates, effectively representing27 organisational dyads, were able to participate in this study. It yielded some interestingresults, the most important of which is that the Pearson correlation coefficient statisticalanalysis supported the proposition that there is a correlation between LMX andcommunication in dyadic relationships.
Public relations roles empirically verified among public relations practitioners in Africa
Authors: Van Heerden Gené , Rensburg Ronél
Published: October 2022

There is a lack of knowledge and understanding of the practice of public relations (PR)in Africa, which prohibits the continent to fulfil its responsibility towards the global PRsociety as well as other developing countries. Based on the findings of a master’sdissertation on the practice of PR in Africa, this article focuses on one of the conceptsthat were measured, namely PR roles.The article discusses current literature in the field of roles research and describes theempirical verification of two PR roles in Africa. Although the three roles of the PRstrategist, manager and technician were measured, only two roles emerged during thefactor analysis: the role of the strategist (Factor 1), and the combined roles of thetechnician/manager (Factor 2).The data was collected by means of a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Dataanalysis consisted of both Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Common Factor Analysis(CFA) where the underlying dimensions were extracted, indicating the items used to definethe PR roles.
Last Word
Authors: Fourie Pieter
Published: October 2022

WHERE DO WE STAND WITH THE “AFRICANISATION” OF COMMUNICATION STUDIES?As academics and lecturers we are well aware of the demands of transformation. Manyof us have been and are going through the demanding, time-consuming and bureaucraticexercises of SAQAtising our syllabi. In the process, meaningless and unimaginativetemplates tend to dictate the academic activity, leaving little to the creative intellectualmind. We have been and are going through the processes of adapting our syllabi tooutcome-based education and teaching, now to be turned into problem-solving educationand teaching; of turning year courses into semester courses, and probably now convertingthem back to year courses; and of merging institutions and, in so doing, trying to marrydifferent educational philosophies, practices, attitudes and organisational cultures.At Unisa, the above have been and are taxing experiences. Distance education demandsthat every word you utter has to go through a rigorous process of educational planningand design, writing, evaluation by critical readers, re-writting, re-evaluation, andproofreading over and again, before it goes through the processes of production anddespatch. Now, a new phase of transformation has entered: the Africanisation of ourcourses. But what is Africanisation?The purpose of what follows is not to problematise and intellectualise the concept. Thatis done, more than often, in a stream of academic articles and in discussions amongacademics. The discussions usually begin with: “What the hell is Africanisation?” Neitheris the purpose to deconstruct related concepts such as “conceptual engineering”,“cultural revolution”, “power”, “ideology”, “hegemony” and so on. Somewhere in thedebate, they all feature.In the following paragraphs I prefer to quote verbatim, and in a paraphrased way, fromtwo presentations given by two Unisa scholars at a seminar held on 3 March 2005 at Unisaon the topic of Africanisation. They are Prof. T.S. Maluleke, the Deputy Executive Deanof Unisa’s College of Human Sciences, and Prof. A.M.B. Mangu of Unisa’s Department ofConstitutional, International and Indigenous Law. The purpose is not to comment on theirpresentations, but rather to uphold them as possible yardsticks against which to measurethe resistance to, and/or progress or lack of progress in, the Africanisation of SouthAfrican communication studies.
The role of product placement in feature films and broadcast television programme
Authors: van der Waldt De la Rey
Published: October 2022

Emphasis on product placement as a variable in the marketing communication strategyof organisations seems to be a relatively new focus. However, evidence exists that asearly as the 1940s product placement was used in feature films to brand products andservices. The initial use of product placements in feature films received new opportunitiesthrough the introduction of new electronic media, such as video, DVD, mobile messaging,electronic billboards, Internet clips and websites. Product placement is not confined tocinema feature films. New electronic media offer unique opportunities for productplacement, which necessitated the renewed focus on product placement as a vehicle ofdeliberate product exposure within the broader integrated marketing communication(IMC) context.The use of product placement has increased rapidly over the last few years. Productnames are increasingly being featured in films and television programmes. Companiesare increasingly seeking to broaden their marketing campaigns to include productplacement in broadcast media to confirm the product’s brand identity or to reach differentaudiences effectively.This article aims to describe the context in which product placement is categorised. Italso explains the relevance of product placement as a vehicle of communication in theintegrated marketing communication strategy.In order to reach the set objectives of this article, a literature review of existing informationwas conducted. The article does not claim to be a comprehensive work on productplacement in general - it rather attempts to provide a theoretical framework in which product placement could be studie
Isidingo as entertainment-education
Authors: Van der Merwe Nadia
Published: October 2022

In developing countries, the popular media can be used effectively to address socialproblems (Vaughan, Rogers, Singhal & Swalehe, 2000:82). In recent decades, variousdevelopmental, educational and other socially useful messages have often been includedin the content of soap operas (Mody, 1991).The producers of South African soap opera Isidingo are acutely aware of their socialresponsibility and therefore attempt to make a contribution towards social change andnation building. As such, Isidingo employs positive role models to transmit pro-socialmessages to its viewers. This paper will report on a study that explored the applicationof the entertainment-education (E-E) strategy in the local soap opera Isidingo byinvestigating the perceptions of female viewers in respect of self-reported knowledgeacquisition, attitudes and behavioural changes due to watching this programme.
Bir Tecdit Modeli Olarak Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Uygulaması
Authors: Kaplan Hasan
Published: October 2022

Dinde tecdit veya reform konusu, İslam dünyasında son birkaç yüzyıla damgasını vuran ve üzerine zengin bir literatür oluşmuş problemlerden biridir. Bu tartışmanın tarih ve coğrafya bağlamında pratiğe yansıyan çeşitli tezahürleri bulunmaktadır, ancak teolojik ve düşünsel açıdan problem devam etmektedir. Batı dünyasına sınır olan Türk kültür havzası bu tartışmaların en canlı yaşandığı yerlerden biridir. Bu kısa makalede, Din Hizmetleri kapsamında ülkemizde 2015 yılı itibariyle Diyanet İşleri Başkalığı tarafından uygulamaya konulan Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik programının bir “tecdit modeli” olarak ele alınması önerilmekte ve bu yaklaşımın dinde tecdit tartışmalarına yeni bir boyut kazandıracağı tezi ileri sürülmektedir.
Okullarda Manevi Danışmanlık Eğitimi
Authors: Arıcan Sümeyra , Yalvaç Arıcı Handan
Published: October 2022

Bireyler hayatlarında çeşitli zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Çocuk ve gençler de kendi yaşlarının, içinde bulundukları zaman, mekân ve sosyo-kültürel ortamın getirdiği bazı zorluklarla, ya da zorluk olarak algıladıkları bazı problemlerle yüzleşmektedirler. Yaşanan bu olumsuzlukların giderilebilmesi için okullarda manevi danışmanlık eğitiminin gerçekleştirebileceği düşünülmek-tedir. Dünyada Amerika, İngiltere, Singapur gibi bazı ülkelerde okullarda görev yapan öğretmen-lere manevi danışmanlık eğitimi verilmekte ve öğrencilerine yardımcı olmaları sağlanmaktadır. Manevi danışmanlık kapsamında ele alınan sorunlar, ahlaki ve dini konularda olabildiği gibi gündelik yaşam sorunları ile de alakalı olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada okullarda manevi danışmanlık kavramına, bu hizmete duyulan ihtiyaca, uygulamanın ilke ve yöntemlerine değinilmiştir. Çocuk ve gençlerin hayata dair meseleler, arkadaşlık ilişkileri ve iletişim dilinde yaşadıkları problemler ile çeşitli sorgulamalarında yardımcı olacak bir manevi danışmanlık hizmetinin okullarda sunulması önemli görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, okulda manevi danışmalık ihtiyacını teorik olarak tartışmaya açmaktadır.
UJI EFEKTIFITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Prasetyaningsih Yuliana , Astuti Carmanyta Sita
Published: October 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the bacteria that causes infectious diseases. These bacteria show resistance to several types of antibiotics, therefore it is necessary to do alternative treatment using natural ingredients. Pegagan (Centella asiatica) leaves contain active substances such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids that function as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of pegagan leaf extract (Centella asiatica) against the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. This type of research is an experimental study with the disc diffusion method. Pegagan leaves were extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol as a solvent. The pegagan extract obtained was then diluted using sterile distilled water at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%. Positive control used Penicillin G 10 g and negative control used sterile distilled water. The results showed that pegagan leaf extract (Centella asiatica) with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% had an average diameter of inhibition zone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7,6 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 12,6 mm and 16 mm. Positive control (Penicillin G 10 g) of 22 mm and negative control (sterile distilled water) did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Pegagan extract at concentrations of 60%, 80% and 100% were effective in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, while concentrations of 20% and 40% were not effective in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.

 Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pegagan leaf extract, disc
APAKAH RITME SIRKADIAN BERPENGARUH TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIKA : STUDI LITERATUR
Authors: Alifiar Ilham , Rahayuningsih Nur , Muhammad Irham Lalu , Widia Chita
Published: October 2022

Antibiotics are one of the most widely used drugs in the world, therefore research on the use of antibiotics has been carried out, including research on the use of antibiotics associated with circadian rhythms for 24 hours. This literature study aims to explore research related to the effects of circadian rhythms on antibiotic drug levels. We conducted a search on two electronic databases, namely PubMed and Cochrane Library to search for articles related to the influence of circadian rhythms on antibiotics. This study does not limit the year, but the focus of this study is research conducted on humans and is a clinical study or randomized controlled clinical study. From the search, 28 articles were obtained from PubMed and 19 articles from the Cochrane Library. Of the total articles, six articles fall into the criteria of this study. One article is a test on levofloxacin, one article is a test on cefrozil, one article is a test on flomoxef, one article is a test on ciprofloxacin, and two articles are tests on tobramycin. From this study, it was found that the human body's circadian rhythm has an effect on antibiotics, either affecting the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug, or affecting the potential therapeutic effect of the antibiotic itself.

Keywords: antibiotics, chronopharmacology, circadian rhythm
The Economic Challenges Facing Small Scale Sugarcane Farmers in Malava Sub-County, Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Nanjala Julita Nasong’o , Immonje Margaret M. , Wasike Nalyanya
Published: October 2022

This study examined the challenges and their effects on sugarcane farming in the Malava sub-county, Kakamega County. The study objectives were to: assess cane transportation problems and establish challenges related to the marketing of sugarcane farmers in the Malava Sub-county. It was undertaken in Malava Sub-county, where sugarcane is the economic backbone and the region’s key cash crop owing to the favourable geographical conditions in Western Kenya. Despite Malava Sub-county’s vast experience in sugarcane farming, production has gone down. Furthermore, such a study is yet to be done in Malava. The study purposed to find out the reasons for inefficiency and insufficiency in sugar production. A descriptive research design was used. Purposive and systematic random sampling techniques were used to select sugarcane farmers from the seven wards; Manda/Shivanga, Butali/Chegulo, Chemuche, East Kabras, West Kabras, and South Kabras, Shirugu/Mugai and the sugar factory stakeholders in the two sugar factories; Butali and Kabras in Malava Sub-county. Malava Sub-county has an estimated population of 65,323 sugarcane farmers. From this population, a sample of 384 was used, based on Mugenda and Mugenda’s formula (2003): n=z2pq/d2, for a target population which is greater than 10,000. Primary data was collected by the use of questionnaires, interview schedules, Focus Group Discussions, and observation guides. Secondary data was collected through a literature search in online journals, theses and publications related to the study topic. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics aided by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The presentation of data was done using tables and graphs. A pilot study in Lwandeti and Chevaywa wards in Lugari Subcounty was conducted to test the validity and reliability of the data collection instruments, and Cronbach’s alpha of 0.8 was good evidence of reliability. Research findings showed that 70% (269) of the respondents accepted that the transportation charges were high compared to other costs of production, 60% (230) of the cane farmers sampled said that there was a ready market for mature sugarcane, while 40% (154) responded negatively and 100% of the farmers indicated that they never witnessed the weighing of their cane. Finally, 79.95% (307) of the farmers accepted that the equipment for the operation of cane farming was mainly the locally available ones for instance, Jembes, Pangas, and ox ploughs; and 83% (319) of farmers failed to uproot old cane due to lack of money to hire the tractors and high technology equipment. Small-scale farmers in the Malava sub-county have low productivity due to these factors. This study recommends that sugar millers cover transportation costs, provide licenses on schedule, introduce mobile weighbridges to allow farmers to observe the weighing of their cane, and the government provide loans for small-scale farmers to acquire village tractors
Compliance Analysis For The Use Of Covid-19 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Based On The Theory Of Planned Behavior On Health Workers
Authors: Ismurdijahmitra Mimiet , Suprapto Sentot Imam , Wardani Ratna
Published: October 2022

Background: One way to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus to health workers is to adhere to the use of personal protective equipment. Increased compliance by health workers will increase awareness of the dangers of Covid-19 infection.

Methods: Use a cross-sectional approach to design and conduct a descriptive analysis of the research. The population of all health workers at the Usada Buana Inpatient Main Clinic Surabaya, with a sample of 102, was determined by a proportional random sampling technique. Structural Model Analysis (SEM-PLS) with significance T Value > 1.64, with steps: designing a measurement model (outer model), designing a structural model (inner model), constructing a path diagram, converting a path diagram to a system of equations, estimating path coefficient, loading, and weight, evaluating the goodness of fit, and hypothesis testing.

Results: The results showed that 48% of the excessive or low intentions of health workers in the use of COVID-19 PPE can very well be explained by attitudes (X1), subjective norms (X2), and perceptions of behavioral control (X3). In the meantime, 65.1% of the excessive or low adherence to COVID-19 PPE in medical examiners can be defined with the aid of the version used in this study (the model idea of deliberate conduct), and other variables outside this study version explain the rest (34.1%).

Conclusion: Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls can affect compliance with PPE use through intention mediation. Further studies are also endorsed to behavior research on the layout of instructional interventions based totally on the Theory of planned conduct in enhancing medical experts' compliance with adherence to PPE.
Penyuluhan dan Pelatihan Ramuan Untuk Meningkatkan Daya Tahan Tubuh
Authors: Dewi Indri Kusuma , Salsabila Aldora Salwa , Mahmudah Anisa Alfi , Widiarsari Corry Ervadilla , A’isyi Farah Salsabila , Alkogajeva Ghoffarida , Amanda Larissa
Published: October 2022

Background: Indonesia ranks 14th with COVID-19 cases in the world. The immune system could be a bulwark against COVID-19. Exercise, balanced nutrition, and herbal deformity is way to maintain and improve the work of the immune system. The immune system could be increase with  a potential of ginger, turmeric, lime, and galangal. This training aims to train mothers of family empowerment and welfare in RT 02/RW 09 Danguran Village about traditional ingredients to increase endurance. Methods: Training on immune-enhancing ingredients to mothers of family empowerment and welfare by Pharmacy students from the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health of Surakarta on Friday 11 February 2022 at RT 02/RW 09, Danguran Village, South Klaten, and a T-test was carried out with the result of pretest and post test. Results: The pre-test result was 84.23% and the post-test was 95.38% with the t-test result was 0.02. These results indicate a significant change in knowledge between before and after being given training because t-count <0.05. Conclusion: There is an increase in the knowledge of mothers of family empowerment and welfare RT 02/ RW 09 Danguran Village about traditional ingredients to increase endurance.
Sosialisasi Swamedikasi Penatalaksanaan Demam Pada Ibu PKK
Authors: Sayuti Nutrisia Aquariushinta , Afni Nurul , Arini Mutiara Intan , Safitri Rizqiana Ayu , Nurjanah Saputri Fatahna , Zanuarista Tasya , Sari Winda
Published: October 2022

Background: Most people take self-medication to treat fever without a medical examination. It has the potential medication errors caused by unfair practices. To avoid medication errors, knowledge of fever self-medication among PKK members in Hamlet Bentakan RW 13, Danguran Village, South Klaten District, Klaten Regency, needed to be increased. Methods: The research methodology was descriptive. Thirty-four (34) respondents took action. Before the counseling activity, a pretest was administered to respondents—counseling used leaflet media.  A post-test was done after the counseling and training. The pretest and post-test were carried out using a question sheet containing 20 questions about self-medication, health workers guiding self-medication, fever, fever medicine and the proper use of fever medicine. Increased knowledge was calculated by the percentage increase in the number of respondents at the level of certain knowledge categories after counseling. Results: The respondents' knowledge level was in the good and sufficient categories. The level of knowledge in the good category before the counseling was 79.4% respondents, while after the counseling was 97.1% respondents. There was an increase in the level of knowledge in the good category of respondents by 17.7%. In contrast, 20.6% of respondents had sufficient knowledge before the counseling. Respondents with a sufficient level of knowledge reduced after the counseling because the knowledge increased towards good by 6 respondents (17.7% of respondents). The respondent's level of knowledge increased following counseling compared to their knowledge before counseling. Age, education, and occupation all affect one's level of knowledge. Conclusion: Respondents suggested being more selective in choosing and using drugs and asking for complete information from pharmacists or pharmaceutical technical personnel. This counseling is suggested to be carried out regularly in various other villages to reduce errors in self-medication practices.
A NEW KERNEL FUNCTION GENERATING THE BEST COMPLEXITY ANALYSIS FOR MONOTONE SDLCP
Authors: Abdessemed N. , Benacer R. , Boudiaf N.
Published: October 2022

In this article, we propose a new class of search directions based on new kernel function to solve the monotone semidefinite linear complementarity problem by primal-dual interior point algorithm. We show that this algorithm based on this function benefits from the best polynomial complexity, namely $ O(\sqrt{n}(\log n)^{2}\log\dfrac{n}{\epsilon})$. The implementation of the algorithm showed a great improvement concerning the time and the number of iterations.
Twitter y los servicios sociales
Authors: Chaves-Montero Alfonso
Published: October 2022

Las Redes Sociales juegan un papel importante en la sociedad. Esta investigación se centra en analizar los mensajes emitidos en Twitter de los temas de los servicios sociales en España, tanto en el discurso político como el de la ciudadanía durante las diferentes campañas electorales que ha habido en España desde el año 2015 al año 2019. La muestra es de 6.728 tuits del tópico “servicios sociales”. Se realiza un análisis cuantitativo en la aplicación Gephi. Se concluye, que los/as políticos/as no responden a las demandas de la ciudadanía en materia de políticas sociales y servicios sociales en Twitter
Influencia emocional, conexión entre consumidores y marcas del iIbérico de Guijuelo
Authors: Marcos Torres Nuria
Published: October 2022

La marca es un activo intangible para las compañías y éstas son conscientes que tienen que construirlas en base a emociones, satisfaciendo las aspiraciones de consumidores. Así, las marcas del ibérico de Guijuelo poseen perfiles de Instagram como estrategia porque saben que las imágenes son muy atractivas para los consumidores. Se corroborará que, en los perfiles de Instagram de las marcas del ibérico, predominan imágenes que aluden a emociones y, además, que existe mayor vínculo entre marca y consumidor cuando las imágenes conectan a través de los valores intangibles y no los racionales.
Busca De Informações Patentárias Para Solução De Problemas No Setor De Atendimento Hospitalar: Um Estudo De Tecnométrico
Authors: Ramão Gleber Batista , Ferraz Renato Ribeiro Nogueira , Quoniam Luc
Published: October 2022

As patentes, que trazem consigo a descrição de variadas tecnologias, são capazes de representar o status do desenvolvimento financeiro e tecnológico de uma nação. A utilização de informações patentárias ainda é incipiente no Brasil, e estes documentos praticamente não são utilizados para solucionar os problemas presentes na maioria das organizações. O foco do presente trabalho foi utilizar a ferramenta computacional Patent2net, um software livre de mineração de patentes, para extrair da base Espacenet documentos patentários para solução de problemas presentes no cotidiano do atendimento hospitalar. Neste experimento, foram eleitos quatro temas considerados de maior relevância para a maioria dos hospitais: 1 – dificuldades na execução do banho de pacientes acamados; 2 – problemas na realização de drenagem de conteúdo gástrico; 3 – elevada incidência de úlceras por pressão; 4 – dificuldades na realização da higiene oral de pacientes intubados ou com difícil acesso à cavidade oral. Buscou-se identificar patentes livres para reprodução no Brasil e com potencial de frugalidade, ou seja, inclusivas e com baixo custo de reprodução. Por meio deste estudo tecnométrico, foram identificadas patentes que podem auxiliar no atendimento de pacientes que apresentam as necessidades listadas, alocados em unidades críticas de centros hospitalares.
Caracterización de pigmentos históricos a través de técnicas de imagen, en diversas bandas del espectro electromagnético
Authors: Herrero Cortell Miquel Àngel , Raïch Marta , Artoni Paola , Madrid García José Antonio
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo propone una prueba de concepto para la observación mediante técnicas de imagen multibanda de 63 pigmentos de referencia histórica (usados desde la Antigüedad hasta el siglo XX). La respuesta de estos pigmentos se ha documentado en varios puntos de espectro mediante la construcción de sus imágenes, por reflexión, transmisión, luminiscencia y falso color, desde el visible (VIS) hacia sus dos extremos, ultravioleta (UV) e infrarrojo (IR), completando además el estudio con la imagen radiográfica (RX). Cada pigmento responde de manera diferente en cada una de las técnicas usadas, en función de su comportamiento espectral, lo que genera un patrón de conducta único para cada materia. El conjunto de técnicas utilizadas conforma una metodología que plantea 11 posibles formas de ver, entendiéndolas de manera aislada, si bien es en la lectura transversal y confrontación de todas ellas donde se alcanzan unos resultados más completos, a través de un método inductivo basado en la observación. Se trata de un estudio de carácter novedoso que, aunque cuenta con precedentes aislados, compendia por primera vez en forma de imágenes, el aludido comportamiento espectral de tales pigmentos. Así, los resultados obtenidos pretenden contribuir a la mejorar la lectura e interpretación de los análisis no invasivos por imagen aplicados a obras pictóricas, permitiendo la identificación preliminar de algunos pigmentos.
Perancangan Proyek Restoran Mellaca Eatery dengan Pendalaman Sense of Place
Authors: Lukito Vieri Imanuel , Rahadiyanti Melania
Published: October 2022

Mellaca Eatery is a restaurant with a Malaysian specialty located in Malang. In this project, the owner wants a refresh and a new concept for the restaurant that will be built in Jl. Bukit Dieng Permai. The owner wants this new restaurant to reflect more about “Kota Melaka” but on the other hand it can still maintain the DNA of the old restaurant that was dominated by an Industrial Style. Therefore, in this project the Sense of Place design approach is the ideal approach. In the Sense of Place approach, the atmosphere in the restaurant can be formed from the images, forms, and activities. The design style applied as the main image / theme for this restaurant is a combination of Industrial and Peranakan Style which is authentic in Malaysia. This main theme is shown through the use of materials, furniture, color palette, and accessories in the interior spaces. Meanwhile from an architectural perspective, the effort made is to combine various types of Historicism Building and Elements such as the famous Christ Church in Melaka, the Shophouses, and the ambience of Jonker Street to give the impression of Sense of Place on the shape of the building. In this project, the building is also designed to encourage activities such as a demonstration area for “Roti Canai” & “The Tarik” and many instagrammable spots filled with murasl depicting the sense of place of “Kota Melaka”. Through a combination of images, forms and activities, a Sense of Place will be formed in Mellaca Eatery.
Analysis of Factors that Influence Nurse's Work Stress at the Inpatient Room of General Hospital Regional Doctor Zubir Mahmud Regency of East Aceh
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Efendy Ismail , Utami Tri Niswati
Published: October 2022

Work stress is a widespread issue that often affects or is complained about by employees in several nations. Consequently, the purpose of this research was to analyze the elements that impact the job stress of nurses in the inpatient room at the Regional General Hospital of Doctor Zubir Mahmud, East Aceh Regency. The research design used is a cross-sectional, analytical survey. The population for this research consisted of 129 respondents, and the sample size for the purposive sampling approach was 56 respondents. Using a simple occupational stress questionnaire, data were obtained. Analysis of data using the chi-square test. Workload had a p-value of 0.004, career uncertainty had a p-value of 0.031, and dual roles had a p-value of 0.045, indicating that it affects the job stress of nurses in the inpatient room of the Regional General Hospital Doctor Zubir Mahmud Regency. Eastern Aceh The workload variable has the biggest impact on the job stress of nurses in the hospital, as measured by the value of Exp (B) or the Odds Ratio of 19,222. This research concludes that workload, career ambiguity, and numerous jobs have an effect on the work stress of nurses in the inpatient unit of the Regional General Hospital of Doctor Zubir Mahmud in East Aceh Regency. Researchers recommend that hospitals conduct good communication routinely before work to define duties and responsibilities, give social support, enhance the abilities of nurses to adapt to current changes, and assess the ability of nurses to deal with stress.