bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on the Islamic Literature of the Golden Horde: On the Occasion of the Publication of the Qalandar-nāme
Authors:   Nazarbayev University, Schamiloglu Uli ,   University of Wisconsin-Madison
Published: June 2021

This article was presented at a roundtable devoted to a discussion of the Qalandar-nāme. The author, basing himself on the 9 chapters of the monumental Qalandar-nāme published to date with commentary, tries to compare this work with what else is known about Islamic civilization in the Golden Horde in this period. In particular, he exa­mines the account of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa and compares the Persian-language Qalandar-nāme with the Turkic works on the history of the prophets (Qısas ül-änbiya), a Sufi manual (Mucin ül-mürid), two romantic poems (Qutb’s Xusrev u Şirin and Khorezmi’s Muhabbätname), and a handbook of Islam (Nähc ül-färadis). The author finds similarities between the works of Sufi literature and the Qalandar-nāme. He concludes by posing a series of questions for future researchers, including whether this work can also be seen as a response to the Black Death, similar to the Nähc ül-färadis, as the author has argued elsewhere.
Vinho velho em pipa nova: as propostas de Varnhagen para a reformulação da Lei de Terras de 1850
Authors: Christillino Cristiano Luís
Published: June 2021

Aprovada em 1850, a Lei de Terras foi regulamentada pelo Decreto número 1318 de trinta de janeiro de 1854, e a sua aplicação foi iniciada nesse mesmo ano. Sancionada em meio às discussões da centralização do Estado monárquico e às expectativas com a imigração europeia, a primeira legislação fundiária do Império logo mostrou que não atingiria os seus objetivos em torno da medição e venda das terras públicas, que seria a principal receita empregada na contratação de colonos europeus. Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen já havia se manifestado sobre a questão no Memorial Orgânico, em 1849, principalmenteno que dizia respeito à utilização da mão de obra indígena e das estratégias a serem adotadas a respeito da imigração. Ciente dos limites da Lei de 1850, ele apresentou um “Projeto de uma lei adicional a das terras públicas”, cujo cerne residia na cobrança de foro pelo estado e na dinamização do sistema de vendas das terras públicas. Inovador na forma e na “desburocratização” da aplicação da Lei, o projeto de Varnhagen não ultrapassou os limites da política conservadora quanto à restrição ao acesso à terra: o “vinho velho” do liberalismo de então, e a venda de terras a preços altos, adequavam-se à “pipa nova” de uma implementação mais dinâmica da lei.
A dimensão espacial dos conflitos trabalhistas no Nordeste açucareiro: repensando os limites da Justiça do Trabalho na plantation (Pernambuco, século XX)
Authors: Ferreira Filho José Marcelo Marques
Published: June 2021

O objetivo central desse artigo é defender a ideia de que somente decompondo o espaço – e levando em consideração suas dimensões física, estrutural e sócio-histórica – é possível compreender os limites da Justiça do Trabalho na plantation açucareira no Nordeste do Brasil. Baseado numa análise que cruza referenciais da literatura e relatórios oficiais do governo com processos trabalhistas e dados cartográficos, ele discute, numa perspectiva histórica, o papel do domínio territorial exercido pela classe patronal na organização da sociedade açucareira em Pernambuco na segunda metade do século XX. Portanto, nesse texto, o espaço exerce um papel de extrema relevância na análise social.
José de Alencar: o povo, a língua e a literatura
Authors: Fonseca de Alencar Manoel Carlos
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo analisa o pensamento do escritor José de Alencar quanto à originalidade da literatura brasileira, servindo-se do ensaio O nosso cancioneiro e dos paratextos que acompanham os romances Iracema e Sonhos d’ouro. No sentido de pensar essa originalidade, o autor teceu um conjunto de observações,umas de ordem linguística e outras sobre a formação do povo brasileiro. Do ponto de vista linguístico, num primeiro momento, Alencar levou em conta a língua indígena, considerando o aproveitamento de seus vocábulos na narrativa literária. Depois de Iracema, contudo, a sua atenção voltou-se ao que denominou “língua falada pelo povo”, entrevista em duas poesias populares analisadas em O nosso cancioneiro. Quanto à formação do povo brasileiro, processo que no prefácio de Sonhos d’ouro o autor correlaciona às fases daliteratura, a ênfase recai sobre a adaptação dos portugueses aos trópicos, muito mais do que ponderações relativas à miscigenação. Procura-se demonstrar que, embora considerasse a importância da língua indígena e da fala do povo para a singularidade da literatura brasileira, Alencar as tinha como inferiores, tornandoelitista e excludente o seu projeto de homogeneização da língua e da literatura.
Pressupostos para ler a educação intercultural no Brasil colonial a partir da missão jesuítica
Authors: Cressoni Fábio Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho apresenta considerações sobre a presença jesuítica na América portuguesa ao longo da primeira metade do século XVI e os processos educativos propostos pelos missionários desta ordem para um grupo específico: o Tupinambá. A partir deste objetivo, tenciona-se questionar alguns pressupostos epistêmicos ligados à história e historiografia da educação brasileira. Nesse sentido, questões teórico-metodológicas fundamentadas em uma história da educação focalizada nos estudos pós-coloniais, na história cultural e nos estudos interculturais críticos são apresentadas ao leitor. Emseguida, demonstram-se alguns dos pressupostos ligados à constituição da ideia de modernidade europeia e um de seus desdobramentos: a expansão colonial luso-cristã e suas práticas pedagógicas interculturais funcionais aos domínios do Império português. Esta conexão, conforme assinalado, é analisada a partir daquilo que chamamos de a demonização da alma indígena. Toma-se, pois, esse itinerário como caminho para valorização da lei 11.645/2008, que estabelece o reconhecimento e a valorização da história e cultura afro-brasileira e indígena, a partir da escrita de uma nova história da educação.
Human–wildlife conflict in the roof of the world: Understanding multidimensional perspectives through a systematic review
Authors: Sharma Prashanti , Chettri Nakul , Wangchuk Kesang
Published: June 2021

Human–wildlife conflicts have intensified by many folds and at
different levels in the recent years. The same is true in the case of
the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), the roof of the world and a region known
for its wealth in biodiversity. We present systematic literature review
(SLR) using the search, appraisal, synthesis, and analysis (SALSA)
framework; and for spatial and network analysis, we employed the
VOSviewer software. The review – covering 240 peer- articles within a
span of 27 years (from 1982 to 2019) – revealed that in the last decade
of that period, there was a 57 per cent increase in publications but
with disproportionate geographical and thematic focus. About 82 per cent
of the research concentrated on protected areas large carnivores and
mega herbivores played a big role in such conflicts. About 53 per cent
of the studies were based on questionnaires based and the main driver
was reported was the habitat disturbance of the animals due to
land-cover change, urbanization, and increase in human population. On
the management front, the studies reported the use of traditional
protection techniques like guarding and fencing. Our analysis of 681
keywords revealed prominent focus on ‘human-wildlife conflict’, ‘Nepal’,
‘Bhutan’, ‘Snow Leopard’ and ‘Leopard’ indicating the issue are linked
with these species and countries. The involvement of 640 authors from 36
countries indicates increasing interest and Nepal and India are playing
key role from the region. As for the spatial and network analysis that
was conducted, while it showed variations in terms of localities, there
were conspicuous limitations in terms of having a transboundary focus.
Thus, particular attention ought to be paid to building transboundary
partnerships and improving management interventions; there is also a
pressing need to understand the patterns of human–wildlife convergence,
especially involving meso mammals.
Biodiversity and Abundance of Angiosperms Responding to Resilience Environments in the tidal range of Yuanjiang Dry-Hot Valley
Authors: Yang Feng-Chun
Published: June 2021

Yuanjiang dry-hot valley is poorly vegetated as a fragile arid
ecosystem. Although it was lushly forested in the past, it becomes a
tropical montane savannah in recent decades. This study focuses on the
relationship between plants and their living environments in the low
land of this dry-hot valley. Plant species and their individuals are
investigated in transects and plots arranging along the river channel.
Alpha and beta indices are employed to cope with biodiversity change in
species and environments. Estimated species, rarity and abundance
indices are subscribed to the correlation among species, population
size, and their living circumstances in terms of Species_estimated,
Singletons, Uniques, ACE, ICE, and Chao2. Meanwhile, fifty years’
meteorological records including temperature and precipitation are
collected for environmental references. The results indicate that: (1)
in Yuanjiang dry-hot valley, alpha diversity is higher in the transects
and plots closing to river channel than apart from while beta diversity
increases from upper stream to the lower with Bray-Curtis <
0.500, but this condition is reversed in the transect perpendicular to
the river; (2) tidal range contributes a lot in alpha biodiversity
especially in the upper stream; (3) estimated species, rarity and
abundance indices are significant in the sites closing to the river,
which is strongly indicating heterogeneous habitats. (4) Solanum
virginianum Ortega are screened as an indicator representing xeric
environment in Yuanjiang dry-hot valley. Conclusively, plants are not
flourished at the low altitude ascribed to high temperature and low
water supply. More attention and ecology policy should be thrived
exclusively to the microhabitat protection and environment management in
this valley.
Genetic structure of spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis trifolii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations in China inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Liu Xinzhi , Wei Shu , Du Zhenyong , He Jia , Zhang Xinyue , Li Hu , Zhang Rong , Cai Wanzhi
Published: June 2021

Biological invasions represent a natural rapid evolutionary process in
contemporary time scale, and the invasive species may present a major
threat to biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. Analyzing the genetic
structure and demographic history of invasive populations is critical
for the effective management of invasive species. The spotted alfalfa
aphid (SAA) Therioaphis trifolii is indigenous in the Mediterranean
region of Europe and Africa and has invaded other continents, causing
severe damages to the alfalfa industry; however, little is known about
its genetic structure and invasion history. In this study, we obtained
167 complete mitochondrial genome sequences from 23 SAA populations
across China based on high-throughput sequencing and performed
population genetic and phylogenomic analyses. High haplotype diversity
and low nucleotide diversity were found in SAA populations in China with
distinct genetic structures, i.e., all population samples diverged into
three phylogenetic lineages with possible different invasion sources.
Demographic history analyses showed a recent expansion of the SAA
population, consistent with the rapid invasion history. Our study
supported that SAA populations in China were possibly derived from
multiple introduction events through commercial trades of alfalfa.
Estimating predictors of severity of Group A Streptococcus infection in pregnancy
Authors: Reicher Lee , Attali Emmanuel , Dominsky Omri , Cohen Yonni , Abu-Hanna Jalal , Many Ariel , Yogev Yariv , Fouks Yuval
Published: June 2021

Objective: To identify the clinical characteristics of pregnancy
associated group A streptococcus (GAS) infection and predictors for
intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Design: A retrospective cohort
study of culture-proven pregnancy-related GAS infections. Setting and
population: a tertiary university-affiliated hospital between
1/2008-7/2020. Methods: Review patient’s electronic records of patients.
Main outcome measures: Incidence of pregnancy associated GAS, proportion
given prophylaxis and admission to ICU. Results: Of the 143,750 who
delivered during the study period, 66 (0.04%) were diagnosed as having
a pregnancy associated GAS infection. Fifty-seven of them (86.3%)
presented postpartum, and nine (13.6%) had septic abortions. The most
common presenting signs and symptoms among puerperal GAS, were
postpartum pyrexia (72%), abdominal pain and/or tenderness (33%), and
tachycardia (>100 bpm, 22%). Thirteen women (19.6%)
developed streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS): 10 of them
delivered vaginally, two had caesarean deliveries. Predictors for STSS
and ICU admission were: antibiotic administration >24 hours
from presentation postpartum, tachycardia, and a C-reactive protein
level >200 mg/L. Women that received antibiotic prophylaxis
during labour had a significantly lower rate of STSS (0 vs 10, 22.7%; P
= 0.04), as evidenced by the delayed interval from delivery to the first
presentation of infection among those who received prophylaxis during
labour (8 ± 4.8 vs 4.8 ± 4.2 hours, P = 0.008). Conclusion: Deferral of
medical intervention >24 hours from the first registered
abnormal sign had the most important impact on deterioration of women
with invasive puerperal GAS. Antibiotic prophylaxis during labour in
women with GAS may reduce complications
Safety of Administration of BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 Vaccine in Youths and Young Adults with a History of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Allergy to PEG-Asparaginase
Authors: Mark Catherine , Gupta Sumit , Punnett Angela , Upton Julia , Orkin Julia , Atkinson Adelle , Clarke Lindsay , Heisey Alice , McGovern Christine , Alexander Sarah
Published: June 2021

Vaccination is a critical tool in the prevention of COVID-19 infection
for individuals and for communities. The mRNA vaccines contain
polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a stabilizer. Currently in North America
only the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccine is approved individuals
12 to 17 years of age. Most patients treated with contemporary regimens
for acute lymphoblastic leukemia receive Peg-asparaginase and 10-30%
will develop allergic reactions. Optimizing access and safety for
vaccine administration for these patients critical. This report
describes a process developed to support COVID vaccination in a cohort
of adolescents and young adults with a history of PEG-asparaginase
allergy.
Reducing sedated lumbar punctures in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Waters Torin , Dickens David
Published: June 2021

Background: Sedation for lumbar punctures (LPs) in pediatric acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients has been the standard for decades
to reduce pain and anxiety. Recent studies on the potential long-term
neurocognitive effects of cumulative propofol exposure has raised
concerns about this practice. The recent pandemic introduced additional
burdens to patients, with the requirement of a negative COVID-19 test
prior to each sedated procedure. Procedure: These factors prompted a
quality improvement intervention at our institution where we aimed to
reduce post-Induction sedated lumbar punctures (LPs) by 50%. Our
intervention included patient and family education followed by a
simulation of the procedure for selected patients. Those converted to
unsedated LPs were queried for their preference. Comparative cost,
clinical time and LP success rates were collected for sedated and
unsedated LPs. Results: Following the intervention, the percentage of
LPs performed with sedation dropped from 100% to 48.1%. All LPs were
successful using both techniques. Most patients who experienced the
unsedated LP technique, and their guardians, strongly preferred this
approach. Unsedated LPs significantly reduced clinical time (169 vs 83
minutes) for families, decreased expenditures ($5,736.16 reduction per
procedure) and improved institutional opportunity cost due to a decrease
in last-minute cancellations. Conclusion: We have shown that it is
feasible to significantly reduce the use of sedation for LPs in patients
with ALL, which has the potential to improve health and patient
experience at a lower cost.
Effects of Fluid Rehydration Strategy on Correction of Acidosis and Electrolyte Abnormalities in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Rewers Arleta , Kuppermann Nathan , Stoner Michael J. , Garro Aris , Bennett Jonathan E. , Quayle Kimberly S. , Schunk Jeffrey E. , Myers Sage R. , McManemy Julie K. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Trainor Jennifer L. , Tzimenatos Leah , Kwok Maria Y. , Brown Kathleen M. , Olsen Cody S. , Casper T. Charles , Ghetti Simona , Glaser Nicole S.
Published: June 2021

IMPORTANCE: Fluid replacement to correct dehydration, acidosis
and electrolyte abnormalities is the cornerstone of treatment for diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA) but little is known about optimal fluid infusion rates and
electrolyte content.

OBJECTIVE: To
evaluate whether different fluid protocols affect the rate of normalization of biochemical
derangements during DKA treatment.

DESIGN, SETTING, PaRTICIPANTS:  The current analysis involved moderate or
severe DKA episodes (n=714) in children <18
years enrolled in the Fluid Therapies Under Investigation in
DKA (FLUID) Trial.

INTERVENTION: Children were assigned to one of
four treatment groups using a 2-by-2 factorial design (0.90% or 0.45% saline and
fast or slow rate of administration).

Results: The
rate of change of pH did not differ by treatment arm, but PCO2 increased
more rapidly in the fast vs slow fluid infusion arms during the initial 4 hours
of treatment. The anion gap also decreased more rapidly in the fast vs slow infusion
arms during the initial 4 and 8 hours. Glucose-corrected sodium
levels remained stable in patients assigned to 0.90% saline but decreased in
those assigned to 0.45% saline at 4 and 8 hours. Potassium levels decreased, while chloride levels increased
more rapidly with 0.90% vs 0.45% saline. Hyperchloremic acidosis occurred more
frequently in patients in the fast arms (46.1%) vs slow arms (35.2%).

CONCLUSIONS AND
RELEVANCE: In children treated for DKA,
faster fluid administration rates led to a more rapid normalization of anion gap and PCO2 than slower fluid infusion rates
but were associated with an increased frequency of
hyperchloremic acidosis. 
Nasogastric Tube Knotted Around a Nasal Endotracheal Tube in the Nasopharynx: Possible Cause
Authors: Okada Yunosuke , Ohke Hanako , Yoshimoto Hiroyo , Kobashi Misato , Saitoh Masato , Terumitsu Makoto
Published: June 2021

A nasogastric tube is often used along with a nasal endotracheal tube during oral surgery or dental treatment under general anesthesia. Although the insertion of a nasogastric tube is a simple procedure, it can be associated with complications that lead to potentially serious consequences. The knotting of a nasogastric tube around an endotracheal tube is rare. Here, we report a case in which the nasogastric tube became knotted around the nasal endotracheal tube in the nasopharynx. We compare this case with 4 previous similar cases and provide a theory of how the nasogastric tube might have become knotted.
Prince Hall: the origins of the Back-to-Africa Movement and black Freemasonry
Authors: Shumakov Andrey A.
Published: June 2021

This work examines in detail the biography and ideological and political views of Prince Hall, one of the most authoritative and at the same time one of the most mysterious representatives of the black rights movement in the United States. In the course of the analysis, the author dwells in detail on the circumstances of the formation of his socio-political philosophy. He comes to an unambiguous conclusion that it is impossible to attribute the theoretical views of this public figure either to black nationalism or to Pan-Africanism. At the same time, the author acknowledges that the views of the Grand Master of the African Lodge have a number of similarities with both of these ideologies. In particular, Prince Hall adhered to the concept of Ethiopianism and was among the first to put forward the idea of compensating African Americans for the years of slavery and return to the Black Continent. This certainly makes him related to such well-known ideologists of black nationalism as Martin Robison Delany, Henry McNeal Turner, Marcus Garvey, and Malcolm X. But unlike those listed above, Hall remained a staunch egalitarian, a patriot, and an opponent of violent methods of struggle until the very end of his life, which contradicts this doctrine. In addition, this personage was at the origins of the repatriation movement and black Freemasonry, which earned him his great fame. The great contribution of Prince Hall to the cause of struggle against slavery as well as his place among the first and foremost abolitionists has never been questioned by researchers. At the same time, it had to be pointed out the significant degree of mythologization of the image of the Great Master and his biography which still causes a lot of controversy not only in the academic but also in the political and public community. That is why the work provides a number of versions and interpretations of the “well-known facts” of Hall’s biography. The author exposes them to a detailed critical analysis. In Russian historical science, this study is the first work to offer a critical scholarly interpretation of the biography of Prince Hall, the founder of black Freemasonry and the Back-to-Africa Movement. A number of sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
How Igor Dedkov arrived in Kostroma
Authors: Zaitsev Alexander
Published: June 2021

The article focuses on the arrival of Igor Dedkov in Kostroma in September 1957. Being placed on a job at the editorial office of the regional newspaper Severnaya Pravda in a quiet provincial city, he worked in Kostroma for more than thirty years and returned to Moscow as a well-known and respected literary critic and journalist. The publication focuses on the fact that the first years of Igor Dedkov’s life and work were very difficult due to gradual adaptation to life in the Kostroma outland, which he later remembered very warmly and after a number of years even with frank admiration. But at that time (from September 1957 onwards) the situation for the young journalist was not easy at all. Unfortunately, in his diary published after his death, I. Dedkov referred to this stage of his biography only casually and without detail. Possibly, it can be accounted for by subsequent correction and radical change in I. Dedkov’s attitude to the province. The main purpose of this publication is to fill in this gap by introducing into scientific circulation a number of unpublished letters and other autobiographical materials which are currently stored in the I. Dedkov Interregional Scientific and Educational Center at Kostroma State University. The use of these and a number of other historiographical sources allowed us to clarify many important details in the life and work of the novice journalist of a regional newspaper, who left the capital for one of the provincial cities on his own initiative. The main methods used by the author of this article are the elements of system analysis, the method of historical reconstruction, induction and deduction. The use of these methods and the use of a previously unknown body of sources allowed the author of the article to significantly expand and deepen the existing (rather limited) ideas about the early period of I. Dedkov’s life and work, about the beginning of his formation as an original journalist and literary critic, who later entered the “great” literature.
Sverdlovsk Oblast in the diplomatic history of the USSR: visits of top officials of foreign countries to the region (1955–1965)
Authors: Beklenishcheva Mariia V.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the problem of increasing the regions’ role in international and foreign economic cooperation of the Soviet Union in 1955–65. The aim of the research is to study the dynamics of the visits of foreign countries’ leaders to Sverdlovsk Oblast, which was traditionally considered as “closed.” Based on the results of the study, the stages of diplomatic activity in the region are identified. It was found that 1955–59 and 1963–65, when 18 visits of leaders of capitalist, socialist and developing countries to Sverdlovsk Oblast were organized and held, were the most eventful periods in this regard. The programs of the visits to the territory of the oblast were analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the average length of stay in Sverdlovsk Oblast, the preferred period for a trip to the Middle Urals, and general principles and features of organizing the reception of eminent guests in Sverdlovsk Oblast were determined. It was revealed that the Sverdlovsk Oblast Committee of the CPSU approved a list of 64 institutions which were recommended for foreign delegations to visit. The article highlights the key objects and facilities that were shown to foreign guests. It was found that the main point of the program of almost all delegations was a visit to Uralmash. Foreign guests also visited other industrial enterprises, including those which were located within the 40–50 km radius of the administrative center of the region, the city of Sverdlovsk. The article reveals the importance of the role assigned to the cultural program (visiting the Geological Museum and theaters). Sojourn in Sverdlovsk Oblast allowed eminent guests to see the potential of one of the country’s industrial centers in person and facilitated placing orders in the oblast for the needs of the economy of foreign countries. In addition, an ideological task was solved: the peaceful stance of the Soviet Union which possessed powerful defense potential was demonstrated to the guests. The author concludes that the involvement of the USSR’s regions in the processes of international cooperation was effective. At the same time, the adjustment of the country’s foreign policy in the mid-1960s was marked by a trend towards a decrease in the number of trips of foreign countries’ top officials to the regions of the USSR, including Sverdlovsk Oblast, within the framework of official and working visits.
Metabolite Profiling of a Robust Cyanobacterium for Industrial biotechnology
Authors:   , Kultschar Bethan
Published: June 2021

Cyanobacteria produce a variety of metabolites with diverse functions and bioactive properties that have potential uses in industrial biotechnology. Metabolomic profiles closely relate to the physiology of an organism and can be used to investigate any alteration in metabolism and production of industrially relevant metabolites. Little work has been conducted on metabolomic time-course profiles within cyanobacteria with the majority of research on targeted metabolite level changes during abiotic stress such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this thesis the metabolite profile analysis of the less well investigated cyanobacterium; Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (C. fritschii) PCC 6912 was undertaken. The main aim was to evaluate changes in low molecular weight metabolite levels during standard growth and UV exposure using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The focus was on identifying biologically relevant metabolites with roles in cyanobacterial metabolism associated with growth phases and adaptation to UV stress. Extracts were assessed using in vitro assays for extraction of potential anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity from the cyanobacteria with complementary metabolomic analysis utilised for identification of potential active metabolites. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in intracellular metabolites involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism during UV-B exposure with a higher proportion of metabolites increasing in levels during UV-A exposure. Pre-treatment of C. fritschii to low dose UV prior to high dose UV had a lesser effect on metabolism indicating stress tolerance and adaptation to UV stress. Metabolite levels were seen to reflect the changing growth phases over 120 days during standard conditions with overall similarity in metabolite levels between axenic and xenic cultures over 28 days. Finally, extracts showed promising anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity with identification of potential active metabolites with relevance to personal care products. This is the first GC-MS based metabolite profiling of C. fritschii during standard growth and UV exposure. This builds on the experimental data and knowledge-base already available for cyanobacteria, including C. fritschii, for their potential use in industrial biotechnology.
SIMULATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL DESTRUCTION PROCESS OF OIL POLLUTION IN SHALLOW WATER
Authors: Filina A.A. , Sidoryakina V.V. , Chistyakov A.E. , Nikitina A.V.
Published: June 2021

The paper covers the research of microbiological destruction processes of petroleum origin pollutants in a shallow water taking into account a number of determining factors that affect the distribution of pollution in the researched water area: the oil fractional composition, the processes of evaporation, dissolution, biological oxidation of petro-hydrocarbons by microorganisms, as well as hydrodynamic and chemical-biological features of the water. A complex of interrelated spatially inhomogeneous mathematical models was proposed that allow researching the dynamics of microbiological destruction processes of petroleum hydrocarbons in shallow water. Schemes with weight taking into account the partial filling of computational cells of the simulated domain were developed at model discretization that made it possible to significantly increase the accuracy of calculations and reduce the calculation time. Based on a multiprocessor computer system, experimental software has been developed for predictive modeling of the ecological situation of shallow water in the event of accidental pollution by oil and other harmful substances during natural and technogenic challenges.
VERTICAL TURBULENT EXCHANGE COEFFICIENT PARAMETRIZATION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE LES APPROACH
Authors: Protsenko S.V. , Atayan A.M.
Published: June 2021

The vertical turbulent exchange coefficient parametrization based on the LES approach is constructed in this paper. To implement this approach, water flow velocities pulsations full-scale data at some points of shallow-water systems obtained using an acoustic Doppler flow meter (ADCP) during expedition studies were filtered using two-stage Kalman algorithm, and then averaged, after which the LES approach was applied using subgrid turbulence model. The parametrization of the coefficient of vertical turbulent exchange is used in the wave hydrodynamics mathematical model.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURAL BARRIERS IN ERADICATING POVERTY THROUGH e-WARONG KUBE PKH
Authors: Sariningsih Yuce , Dinihayati Erti , Pratama Gunawan Uga
Published: June 2021

Cultural barrier often occur on electronic mutual business group (e-Warong), as is a social assistance program as a form of synergy between the Family Hope Program (PKH) and the Mutual Business Group/Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE). Beneficiaries of social assistance can also make transactions on e-Warong using a Prosperous Family Card (KKS) through Electronic Data Capture (EDC). This unique program prioritizes the achievement of social and economic goals at the group level instead of individuals profit, one group consist of 10 people who have been assessed as independent and do not receive PKH assistance anymore. The previous results showed that the management ability of e-warong was still low, and it hindered the achievement of social and economic empowerment goals. Business failures are caused because they do not have a strong incentive to do business and situation is getting worse since the Covid pandemic. The aim and purposes are to asses cultural barriers in business practice of e –Warong, 2) To describe obstacles and efforts to overcome cultural, and 3. To describe practical and theoretical implications for the development of social welfare science. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach and the data collection method was selected according to the following stages: 1) Determining the research topic, 2) Identifying secondary barrier, and 3) Explore the data sources through journals, archives, books, etc, 4) Finding and collecting data, 5) Analyze the data, and 6) Draw conclusions. Interviews were conducted with informants of e-warong and District Social Welfare Workers (TKSK) at e-Warong Karasak Bandung. The results showed there were three dimensions of culture, namely create the idea, sense of business and business intention. These three dimensions were still low especially in realizing business ideas, basically the cultural components should complement each other in conducting business to achieve goals. These findings directed to the recommendation for the supervisor of e-Warong Anugerah Sentosa to strengthening cipta-rasa-karsa (idea, sense and intention) as the basis for e-warong KUBE PKH business.
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS IN ELECTRONIC LAW ENFORCEMENT IN CRIMINAL ACTS OF THEORY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Mulyana Yusep
Published: June 2021

The culture of proving electronic evidence in law enforcement of criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia is Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions ("UU ITE") which provides a legal basis for the legal culture of electronic and formal evidence and material. requirements for electronic evidence to be accepted in court. Electronic Evidence is Electronic Information and/or Electronic Documents that meet the formal requirements and material requirements stipulated in the ITE Law. Article 5 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law stipulates that Electronic Information and/or Electronic Documents and/or their printouts are legal evidence. The implementation of the regulation of electronic evidence in law enforcement of criminal acts of terrorism in Indonesia is the use of evidence in the form of wiretapping and video recordings which were actually applied in the 2002 Bali Bombing Case. 1 of 2002 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Terrorism. Despite the controversy, the Public Prosecutor emphasized that the reading of the statements of witnesses from Malaysia and Singapore who were unable to attend the trial was legal because it was in accordance with the description of the evidence in the law. The same is regulated in the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions. Article 5 states that electronic information and/or printed electronic information are legal evidence and have legal consequences. Of course, electronic information is declared valid if it uses an electronic system in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
SPECULATIONS ON PANENTHEISM IN LITERATURE, SINLESS SINNERS AND DEMONIC GOOD ANGELS IN MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN AND LORD OF THE FLIES
Authors: GÖZEN Hacer , EDMAN Timucin Bugra , KARAMALAK Olga , ARISOY Sercan , BARUTLU Umut
Published: June 2021

This study applies an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to the selected works through panentheistic philosophy to visualize the abstract expressions and perception of theology and philosophy on panentheism using concrete and representational expressions of the selected novels. In the dystopian work Lord of the Flies by William Golding, this study benefits the limitless opportunities fiction offers to unveil the problem of evil and goes beyond the boundaries of the teachings, experiences and social norms the human world. The dystopian fiction Lord of the Flies, which portrays the inner and subconscious conflict between good and evil within individuals, is scrutinized from a panentheistic perspective to question the existence of evil. Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie, as a genre of magic realism and historiographic metafiction, will enlighten the study to reveal the conflicts between destruction and creation to clarify the problem of evil which is ambiguous from a panenthestic view.
Kurumsal Kültür: ABD, Japonya ve Türkiye'de Başarılı Şirket Yönetimleri
Authors: ALKAN Ali Davut
Published: June 2021

Kurumsal kültürün ABD, Japonya ve Türkiye’de algılanma ve uygulama biçimleri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Kurumsal kültürü şekillendiren çevre ve yerel kültürlerin önemi, dünyada genel bir yönetim yaklaşımına yönelim ve bu tek tip yönetim yaklaşımının uygulanmasının kültürel farklılıklar sebebiyle hayata geçirilememesine değinilmiştir. ABD ve Japonya’daki başarılı firmaların uygulamaları hakkında bilgi verilerek ideal kurum kültürünün özellikleri ortaya konmuştur. İdeal kurum kültüründe liderin önemi, eylem tutkusu ve insana yönelik yönetim konularının önemi vurgulanmıştır. Son olarak tüm dünyada geçerli bir kurumsal kültür olamayacağı, kurum kültürünün yaşayacağı çevrenin kültürüne uyumlu geliştirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanarak Türkiye’ye özgü bir kurum kültürü geliştirilmesi için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Bentuk Dan Fungsi Lagu Tawar Sedenge Pada Masyarakat Gayo di Kabupaten Aceh Tengah
Authors: Rizqullah Muhammad Fiqri , Suroso Panji
Published: June 2021

Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk dan fungsi dari lagu Tawar Sedenge yang ada pada masyarakat Gayo Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Penelitian ini berdasar kepada landasan teoretis yang menjelaskan tentang konsep eksistensi, dan fungsi musik, yang kemudian dipaparkan, dan dijelaskan secara sistematis untuk memperdalam atau menginterpretasikan data secara spesifik dalam rangka menjawab keseluruhan pertanyaan penelitian. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yaitu dengan mengumpulkan dan menyusun data lalu dipaparkan dan diinterpretasikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa; 1) Bentuk lagu Tawar Sedenge merupakan lagu satu bagian dengan bentuk AB. 2) Lagu Tawar Sedenge sebagai fungsi yang terbagi atas sepuluh fungsi yang dikemukakan oleh Alan P. Merriam diantaranya adalah sebagai ekspresi emosional, kenikmatan estetis, hiburan, komunikasi, representasi simbolis, respon fisik, menguatkan konformitas terhadap norma sosial, validasi terhadap institusi sosial dan ritual keagamaan, kontribusi terhadap kontinyuitas dan stabilitas budaya, dan kontribusi terhadap integrasi masyarakat.
Digital technologies in labor relations and personnel document management
Authors: Sapfirova Apollinariya A. , Volkova Victoria V. , Solovieva Olga M. , Kardanova Irina Viktorovna , Petrushkina Anna V.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the prospects of using digital technologies in labor relations and personnel document management. In the course of the research, the method of legal analysis and the formal legal method were used. The main results allow drawing conclusions and making suggestions for improving the legal regulation of the use of digital technology in labor relations and the personnel document flow that forms these labor relations. As a result, the authors make the following conclusions and suggestions. On the Unified Digital Platform in the field of employment and labor relations "Trudvsem.ru", the employer should be given the right to form an electronic HR workflow as a whole, placing mandatory HR documents there, while other HR documents can be digitized at the discretion of the employer. This will reduce the established period of duplication by the employer of the electronic and paper form of the employment record. The conclusion about the possibility of concluding employment contracts on remote work with citizens living outside the Russian Federation has been also justified.
The Determinants of External Auditors’ Independence for Politically Connected Firms in Malaysia
Authors: I.K Norziaton , Muharam Nurul Nadhirah
Published: June 2021

The auditing profession is a major concern for stakeholders and has been in a quagmire for the past years. To overcome the concern, client firms must take the initiative to assure that the management does not put pressure on the external auditors. Therefore, firms need to take part in positively influencing external auditors‟ independence to reduce the complexity of audit procedures, and consequently, improve external auditors‟ independence. Thus, the determinants of factors are needed to assure and maintain the independence of the external auditors at any time to perform their audit work. Hence, the main objective of this study is to examine the determinants of external auditors‟ independence among politically connected firms in Malaysia. The determinants are classified into two which are, first, auditor attributes namely, audit tenure and non-audit fee, and second, audit committee characteristics which consist of audit committee‟s independence and audit committee‟s diligence. Four hypotheses were developed and tested using a total of 46 sample firms from 2014 to 2018 with 230 firm-year observations. This study used secondary data from which the information was obtained from annual reports and DataStream. The results reveal that non-audit fee and audit committee‟s diligence influenced external auditors‟ independence, whereas audit tenure and audit committee‟s independence did not. Altogether, this study has provided useful information and implications for the professional bodies and Bursa Malaysia to help strengthen the principles of auditors‟ independence in politically connected firms.

Keywords: Auditor Attributes, Audit Committee, Auditor Independence, Political Connection
PowerToon Clues
Authors: Kamarudin Hanis , Abdul Malek Nur Ain , Ayub Siti Ainul Ayzan , Mohamad Ghazali Izlin , Wan Mohamed Wan Nazihah
Published: June 2021

Reading is an important learning area which ESL learners should master for interaction and academic purposes. However, ESL students are facing many difficulties in English reading skills particularly contextual clues. Hence, this product aims to ease the teaching and learning of inferring word meaning – contextual clues, to enrich the students’ vocabulary bank and to motivate the students to engage in reading. The challenge in teaching contextual clues is that the current technology-integrated teaching method has lost its way to cater students’ interest in reading. This product is believed to allow the students to enjoy meaningful language classes. The emergence and usage of PowToon in today’s classroom has helped to ease the process of teaching reading skills to the students. The features of this product include captivating graphics, lively animation, concise content and attractive background music. This product is user friendly as it is accessible to everyone; online and offline. İn addition, it is suitable to be used in language classes with limited technology support. Thus, this evolution in teaching pedagogy will encourage paperless teaching aids in language classrooms.
Inter-Sentential and Intra-Sentential Code Switching in Parliamentary Debate
Authors: Mohamad Khalil Shafiyah , Mohd Shahril Firda Mohammad Shazie Zaini
Published: June 2021

Malaysians generally use two languages which are Malay and English in professional discourse. Bahasa Melayu or the Malay language is the national language of Malaysia and is used in formal discourse in government administration, while English is the nation’s second language that is used in professional discourse in private organizations in Malaysia. Although the use of English in government administration has been a hotly debated topic, but in reality both languages are used interchangeably since many Malaysian professionals are bilinguals of Malay and English. This paper has looked into two types of code-switching and how it is used in a Malaysian parliamentary debate. The findings revealed that inter-sentential and intra-sentential code-switching were used during the parliamentary debate due to social factors as well as linguistic elements.
The Potential Use of Collaborative ESP Testing Implementation Framework (CETIF) in Addressing Underlying Issues in ESP Curriculum and Testing Faced by English Lecturers Teaching Engineering Students
Authors: Ahmad Norkhairi , Muhammad Ahmad Mazli , Jamil Asiah
Published: June 2021

Albeit the presence of educational quality initiatives like Outcome Based Education (OBE) and Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) to enhance the  implementation and outcome of university language courses, deep seated issues continue to leave a trail of shortcomings in the outcomes and abilities of university graduates in terms of language and communication.  Detailed qualitative responses via purposive sampling elicited from experienced English lecturers teaching ESP courses to engineering students at universities in Malaysia, revealed underlying issues that stemmed from the systemic aspects of the engineering curriculum planning and execution. Issues like inaccurate course positioning in programme structure and marginalized roles of English lecturers that affect ESP courses implementation were identified via contextual analysis. Guided by the list of issues and theoretical underpinnings, a framework was proposed for mitigation efforts. The collaborative ESP testing implementation framework (CETIF) which is tied-up to language testing principles of Validity, Reliability, Impact, Practicality, and Quality management (VRIPQ) and ESP principles like specificity, authenticity and learners’ needs, embodies  mitigation efforts and synergy between practitioners like English lecturers,  engineering lecturers, and industry personnel. Discussion on the potential use of CETIF is put forth and the potential benefits to be yielded include enhancement of English lecturers’ professional roles, forming of positive beliefs and views and cultivation of good ESP testing practices.
La política exterior feminista (PEF) de Canadá: 2015-2019. Evaluación y lecciones para México
Authors: Mora López Óscar Gabriel , Oropeza Zorrilla María Cristina
Published: June 2021

Tras casi una decada de gobiernos conservadores en Canadá, en 2015 regresó al poder el Partido Liberal, encabezado por Justin Trudeau. La victoria alcanzada con un amplio margen de apoyo le permitió implementar una agenda progresista, que contemplaba entre sus prioridades impulsar la igualdad de género de manera transversal, lo que llevó –entre otras cosas– al desarrollo de una política exterior feminista (PEF). El propósito de este artículo es analizar la conceptualización, instrumentación y resultados de esta iniciativa canadiense, a fin de identificar lecciones que puedan ser de utilidad para México, a un año del lanzamiento de su propia PEF.
Estados Unidos frente a la promulgación y suspensión en México del Reglamento de Toxicomanías de 1940
Authors: Pérez Ricart Carlos A.
Published: June 2021

Este artículo analiza el proceso de promulgación y suspensión en México del Reglamento de Toxicomanías de 1940, por el que se permitía, entre otras cosas, la puesta en marcha de un programa de sustitución de adicciones radical para su época. Aunque el Reglamento fue firmado por el presiente Lázaro Cárdenas en enero, en junio de 1940 fue suspendido de forma indefinida debido a presiones de diferentes instituciones del gobierno de Estados Unidos (ee.uu.).
El artículo tiene dos objetivos. Por un lado, examinar el papel que desempeñaron diferentes actores e instituciones del gobierno de ee.uu. en la suspensión del referido Reglamento. Por otro, analizar la reacción tanto de la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (sre) como del Departamento de Salubridad Pública (dsp) en defensa del mismo.
Abrevando de fuentes primarias reunidas en México y en ee.uu., se reconstruyen los pormenores de la relación transgubernamental entre funcionarios mexicanos y estadounidenses entre abril de 1938 y julio de 1940, mes en el que se suspende el Reglamento.