bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Happyends” by Jaroslava Blažková (Czechoslovakia-Сanada-Slovakia)
Authors: Shirokova Liudmila ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

Jaroslava Blažková (1933–2017) belonged to the generation of Slovak writers who came to literature in the late 1950s and early 1960s, to the generation of rebels of the “sixties” who gathered around the magazine Mladá Tvorba. The first works that made the writer’s name famous were the short story “Nylonový mesiac” (1961) and the collection of short stories “Jahniatko a grandi” (1964). In 1968, Blazhkova and her family were forced to leave the country and remained in Canada for the rest of her life. In the 1970s–1980s. she was engaged in journalistic activities and collaborated with Czech emigrant writers J. Škvorecki and Z. Salivarová. After the “gentle revolution of 1989” she got the opportunity to come to her homeland, appear in print, and publish books. In Slovakia, her collections “...ako z gratulačnej karty” (1997), “Svadba v Káne Galilejskej” (2001) were published, which included stories from the 1960s, and then written in the early 2000s. a novel in letters “Happyendy” (2005), based on the writer’s own dramatic experience of caring for her seriously ill husband, on her memories and reflections, imbued with irony and optimism. In the 2000s. In Slovakia, Blažková’s books for children and youth were published and became successful.
From the history of the Carpatho-Rusyn Russophilism: letters of Yuliy Stavrovsky to Adolf Dobryansky (1879)
Authors: Dronov Mikhail ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

As you know, discussions about one’s own identity and literary language do not stop in the Carpatho–Rusyn society – first of all, between Rusynophiles and Ukrainophiles. At the same time, until the beginning of the twentieth century, there were practically no supporters of the Ukrainian national idea among the Carpatho-Rusyns. Russophiles played a significant role. The influential politician Adolf Dobryansky (1817–1901) and the Greek Catholic priest, the talented writer Yuliy Stavrovsky (1850–1899) belong to the pantheon of Carpatho-Rusyn “awakeners” (enlighteners) of 20th century, who considered all the Rusyns of the Habsburg monarchy to be part of a single Russian (East Slavic, not Great Russian or “Rus’-Ukrainian”) people. Published letters stored in the Scientific Research Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library (Moscow), date back to 1879, when the issue of appointing Stavrovsky dean of the church in the village Chertezh – estate of Dobryansky was being decided.
Writers vs censorship: Slovenian experience in the context of the 19th century
Authors: Starikova Nadezhda ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The review presents a collective monograph published in the scientific series “Studia literaria” of the Institute of Slovenian Literature and Literary Studies of the Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, which for the first time presents in a comprehensive, multidisciplinary manner the functioning of state censorship as an institution of official control over sociocultural life Slovenes in the territories of the Habsburg Empire, and then Austria-Hungary in the period from 1789 to 1918. Throughout the century under review, Slovenian writers, scientists, editors, publishers, critics, and journalists faced imperial censorship as the most important factor regulating their activities. The institution of censorship itself experienced a number of transformations during this period: from secularization and bureaucracy during the reign of Maria Theresa to the repressive aggressiveness of censorship practices under Franz Joseph. Based on a broad historical, cultural and literary context, the authors – literary scholars, historians, cultural scientists, museum workers, bibliographers – explore the influence of censorship on the process of national revival and the work of outstanding Slovenian authors A. T. Linhart, F. Prešeren, I. Cankar, publishing, periodicals, national theater. The monograph consists of a preface, an extensive introduction and two sections arranged in chronological order, the first of which covers the period from the Great French to the March Revolution, the second from the March Revolution to the First World War. Each section includes ten author’s chapters. The book is equipped with a name index, information about the authors and a detailed English-language summary, including article-by-article annotations. The exclusive archival illustrative material included in the book is very informative and useful: copies of documents, manuscripts, letters, newspaper pages, censorship reports, court decisions, geographical maps, extracts from library catalogs, etc., which not only serves as an evidence base, but also immerses the reader into the atmosphere of time.
this is a test you can reject me
Authors: Olson Eric L
Published: July 2024

this is a test you can reject me
Decoding the Intent-to-Outcome Developmental Shift in Moral Judgment: Unraveling the Puzzle from Infancy to Preschool Age
Authors: Buon Marine , Margoni Francesco
Published: July 2024

For decades, researchers in moral judgment development have described and tried to explain the so-called ‘outcome-to-intent shift’ that occurs by late preschool age: preschoolers predominantly base their moral judgment on the outcomes of an agent’s action and it is only at the age of 5 or later that most children start to generate intent-based moral judgment. However, recent research in the domain of early moral competencies has reported intriguing findings: in their socio-moral evaluations, infants are sensitive to agents’ intentions and are even able to disregard information about the consequences of agents’ actions. What are the processes underlying this surprising developmental pattern? We first aim to critically review recent attempts to explain this developmental pattern that focus on the factors that may impact infants’ and children’s ability to represent information about intentions. We argue that these propositions explain a part of the findings, but they underestimate the importance of outcomes processing. Thus, we analyze the factors that may influence the way children represent and react to information about outcomes, and conclude that a combination of developmental, experimental, cognitive and experiential factors is likely to play a key role in preschoolers’ over-consideration of outcomes in moral judgment (which we call ‘outcome bias’). In addition to shedding new light on the understanding of the discrepancy between infants’ and children’s moral competencies, the implications of this proposition for future developmental psychology research in the field of moral cognition are discussed.
Selecting the number of clusters in Mixture Multigroup Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Perez Alonso Andres Felipe , Vermunt Jeroen , Rosseel Yves , De Roover Kim
Published: July 2024

Behavioral scientists often use Multigroup Structural Equation Modeling (MG-SEM) to compare groups in terms of their relations among latent variables (LV) —also called 'structural relations'. Since LVs are indirectly measured via questionnaire items, one should evaluate to what extent their measurement is invariant before comparing their structural relations. To efficiently compare many groups, the recently proposed Mixture Multigroup SEM (MMG-SEM) clusters groups based on their structural relations while accounting for measurement (non-)invariance. MMG-SEM requires the user to select the optimal number of clusters for the empirical data at hand. Various approaches have been developed to address this problem for related methods, but no definitive answer exists on which is best. This paper aims to find the best-performing model selection approach for MMG-SEM through an extensive simulation study. Specifically, we compared five information criteria and the convex hull procedure and included empirically realistic conditions that affect the clusters' separability.
The Need for Assessing Technology Deployment in Energy Systems Models to Decarbonise the Residential Sector: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Moya Diego
Published: July 2024

Scientists across the world are working on understanding the potential impact of buildings’ energy consumption on climate change and vice versa. Buildings comprise between 20% and 40% of overall energy consumption depending on the economic development, cultural, and geographical features of a country or region; heating and cooling can represent up to 80% of the total energy consumed in buildings. Energy systems models (ESMs) have emerged to help the research community to build logical scenarios and simulate the complexity of energy sectors of the global economy. However, current challenges must still be included in ESMs, especially challenges from the end-use energy sectors (i.e. transport, industry, and buildings). This research review assesses two of these current challenges in modelling the energy transition of the residential building sector (RBS): 1. the consideration of the residential sector in energy systems models, and 2. the available technologies to decarbonise the sector.
Nutritional and Nutraceutical Quality of Artisan Food Products Supplemented With Bean Flour (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Figueroa-González Juan , Guzmán-Maldonado Salvador , Herrera-Hernández María , Sánchez-Toledano Blanca
Published: July 2024

El consumo de leguminosas, principalmente del frijol, se ha asociado a la disminución de enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes, obesidad y algunos tipos de cáncer. No obstante, el consumo per cápita de frijol en México ha disminuido rápidamente en los últimos años. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue generar alimentos artesanales elaborados con harina de frijol común y evaluar la calidad nutricional y funcional. Los productos de frijol fueron elaborados con harinas compuestas de frijol/maíz (50:50; 85:15) para totopos y churros, respectivamente. Los totopos y los churros resultaron ser alimentos con alto contenido de proteína. La elaboración de nuevos productos a base de frijol es de suma importancia no solo por su alto contenido en fibra y proteína, sino también por su alto contenido de compuestos bioactivos.
Entwicklung und Validierung eines videobasierten Testinstruments zur Erfassung des Noticing mit dem Fokus auf individuelle Förderung im inklusiven Sportunterricht
Authors: Langer Wiebke , Bruns Julia , Erhorn Jan
Published: July 2024

Noticing besitzt eine hohe Bedeutung für das professionelle Handeln von Sportlehrkräften, insbesondere für den inklusiven Sportunterricht. Um eine angemessene Berücksichtigung individueller Lernvoraussetzungen und -prozesse bei der Planung und Durchführung von Unterricht zu gewährleisten, müssen die Sportlehrkräfte ihre Aufmerksamkeit gezielt auf die für die individuelle Förderung der Schüler*innen relevanten Ereignisse im zum Teil unübersichtlichen interaktiven Geschehens in der Sporthalle richten und diese auf theoretischer Grundlage interpretieren. Noticing, welches die selektive Aufmerksamkeitslenkung und das theoriegeleitete Deuten umfasst, bildet somit eine wichtige Voraussetzung, um allen Schüler*innen eine individuelle Förderung im inklusiven Sportunterricht zu ermöglichen. Die Fähigkeiten angehender Sportlehrkräften im Bereich Noticing insbesondere in inklusiven Settings sind bislang kaum untersucht worden. Diese Forschungslücke kann u.a. auf fehlende Forschungsinstrumente zur standardisierten Erfassung dieses Konstrukts zurückgeführt werden. Im Rahmen des Beitrags wird daher die Entwicklung und Validierung eines standardisierten, Videovignetten-basiertes Testinstruments zur Messung des Noticing von angehenden Sportlehrkräften im Hinblick auf individuelle Förderung im inklusiven Sportunterricht vorgestellt. Im Fokus der Validierung stehen der Testinhalt, die interne Struktur des Instruments sowie Zusammenhänge mit verwandten inhaltlichen Konstrukten. Die Ergebnisse aus drei aufeinander aufbauenden Validierungsstudien geben Hinweise auf die Reliabilität und Validität der Testwertinterpretation des Instruments ViProQiS_IF im Sinne des Noticing im Hinblick auf individuelle Förderung im inklusiven Sportunterricht.
Political Identity and Political Parties: Infrastructure Superstructure Nexus
Authors: Maskey Prapanna
Published: July 2024

The present research paper attempts to manifest the way to ensure economic growth and import substitution through political parties though the ultimate aim of political parties is to capture political power and keep control of the government. Paper identified the matrix of Vision, Man, Muscle and Money to win the election in national and local level. Economic production-oriented programs utilizing party member contributes political parties to achieve success. Thus, the production of goods and expansion of services grasping symbols can transform the economic condition and ensure solidarity of the party members. Marx rightly mentioned infrastructure determines the superstructure of the nation/state. Mishra (2007) consider aims of the CPNM is to ensure equal citizenship, equity, inclusion, social justice and progress. However, roadmap towards economic progressed is overlooked. Bhattachan (2003) presents political model to restructure political sphere of Nepal and regards the Panchayat political system as exclusionary political system. Realizing these aspect present paper attempts to show how intra economic prosperity and eventual sustainability is possible through concentration on symbolic political identity. Furthermore, research found charismatic leaders within every political party influence and motivate party members to contribute their time and attention in productive activities for the election symbols.
Application of Differential Equation in the Design of Dialysis Machine
Authors: Timsina Ramesh Chandra
Published: July 2024

In this work, I have discussed the application of differential equations in the design of a dialyzer machine. A dialyzer is a device through which blood flows from the patient's body into the machine. A substance called dialysate flows through the machine in the opposite direction to the blood. This aids in separating waste materials with the help of a semipermeable membrane attached to the machine. This membrane possesses minute pores that allow the passage of waste matter, which has much smaller molecules than the blood cells, but restrict the passage of blood itself. The design of the dialyzer machine concerns the flow rate of the waste material through the membrane. This flow-rate is determined by the differences in concentration of waste material on either side of the membrane, where, the flow occurs from high concentration to low concentration.
Situation of Gender-Biased Sex Selection in Nepal
Authors: Dulal Tulasa Devi
Published: July 2024

About 140 million women are believed to be "missing" around the world due to the result of son preference. Gender-biased sex selection (GBSS) in favor of sons is a manifestation of gender inequality that is deeply embedded in our society by tradition, culture, religion, social, economic and legal injustices that undervalue girls and women. This paper tries to discuss on the gender-biased sex selection (GBSS) in favor of sons. Similarly, the study is based on descriptive as well as analytical research design. The sources of information have been based on secondary data. The facts and figures have been presented into tabular form. Several districts showed significantly skewed sex ratio at birth (SRBs) at 110 or above with Kaski, Arghakhanchi and Bhaktapur, province one and Lumbini province having the highest SRBs in Nepal. Youngest age groups at the bottom under 30 years of 5year age groups of female population are low in 2021 census. The Nepali context makes pervasive use of sex-selection likely as strong son preference. Sons are seen as economic, social and religious assets and in some parts of the country while females are seen as a burden due to the expenses involved in marriage. Fertility decline means that couples feel pressure to bear a son at a low parity. The technology of sex-selective abortion is accessible to the Nepalis. Even though prenatal sex determination and abortion based on sex selection are prohibited and may incur severe penalties in Nepal under the current abortion law passed in 2002. Nepal provides abortion was legalized in 2002 and prior to that, there was no evidence of sex-selective abortion. SSA was made a punishable offence when exceptions for legal abortion were introduced by the eleventh amendment to the Nepal’s Muluki Ain in 2002. Consequences of the ‘missing females’ become long term demographic impact and also result in ‘excess males’ who struggle to marry in society.
An Assessment on the Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge Among School Students: A study on Public Schools at Kathmandu
Authors: Duwadi Pampha
Published: July 2024

Nepal faces a lot of natural disasters, like landslides and floods time and again. These disasters cause a big loss of property for the country each year. Many people also get physically hurt, and houses and other buildings and many other properties get damaged. This has happened because people more often don't know how to stay safe during disasters. It seems that Nepal remains unprepared to prevent these disasters from happening or lessen their impact. Some programs and activities are conducted by the government to help people affected from disasters, but it is found largely insufficient and inappropriately implemented. Similarly it is found that different levels of the government don’t cooperate to each other while working in situation.
In this study, researcher aims to study the understanding of school students about reducing the risks of disasters. Methodologically, this research has been based on qualitative in nature. Questionnaire method was executed as data collection tool. Total 30 students from different classes were selected as sampled respondents using purposive sampling method from two different government schools in Kathmandu-16. The results showed that majority, (more than 70 percent) of the students are well known about the safety rules set by the government for schools in Nepal. It shows that many students are enough aware and educated about how to stay safe during disasters. But still considerable number of students is found unaware about the disaster risk reduction knowledge. This research also found some problems about the teaching process of disaster risk reduction in schools. The findings may also help government agencies working on disaster risk reduction in Nepal to improve their programs for schools.
A Brief Reading of the Fox’s Discourse in The Little Prince
Authors: Ray Devjani
Published: July 2024

This essay briefly looks at how Antoine de Saint-Exupéry in his novella The Little Prince champions a transformation of the world through “establishing ties”. Here, the fox’s discourse on “taming” has been discussed to explore  Exupéry intentions. In this paper, we draw from Bakhtin’s concept of heteroglossia, which encapsulates the representation of multiple, distinct voices within a single text.  The discussion reveals that throughout the story Exupéry has attempted to expose the futility of the abstract accumulation of wealth and power and has offered in its stead a celebration of childlike wonder and a plea for a unified world founded upon the principles of loving solidarity.
Materials Developments for Ultrasupercritical Steam Turbines
Authors: Scarlin Brendon , Vanstone Rod , Gerdes Ralf
Published: July 2024

Power generation technology selection is driven by factors such as cost, fuel supply security, and environmental impact. Coal remains a popular choice due to its global availability, but efficient, reliable, and cost-effective methods are essential. In Europe, efforts focus on advancing coal-fired steam power plants to ultrasupercritical conditions, with boilers and turbines now operating at up to 600°C. This has improved efficiency and maintained reliability comparable to subcritical plants. Orders are in detailed planning for plants exceeding 600°C, thanks to improved high-temperature steels for components like turbine rotors, casings, steam pipes, and boiler tubes, which undergo rigorous development and testing. Further efficiency gains are expected by increasing steam temperatures to over 700°C using nickel-based alloys. Test facilities are being built for pilot components, leading to a full demonstration plant. This systematic approach to materials development and proven design principles ensures operational reliability.
Materials Development for Boilers and Steam Turbines Operating at 700°C
Authors: Blum Rudolph , Vanstone R.W. , Messelier-Gouze C.
Published: July 2024

In Europe, the development of boilers and steam turbines for operation above 700°C is part of the EU-supported AD700 project. This collaborative effort includes major European power plant manufacturers, utilities, and research institutes. The project began in 1998 and was extended to 2003, with a second phase running from 2002 to 2005, potentially extending further for long-term creep tests. The goal is to develop the necessary technology for constructing and operating such plants. This paper outlines the development of high-temperature materials crucial for the AD700 project. It covers factors influencing alloy design and selection, the scope and results of investigations on candidate alloys, and the ongoing program for full-scale prototype component manufacturing. These prototypes undergo extensive long-term testing. Additionally, the development of joining procedures for these materials is discussed.
Alloy Design of Creep and Oxidation Resistant 9Cr Steels for Thick Section Boiler Components Operating at 650°C
Authors: Abe Fujio
Published: July 2024

To enhance long-term creep strength at 650°C, stabilization of the lath martensitic microstructure near prior austenite grain boundaries has been investigated for a 9Cr-3W-3Co-0.2V-0.05Nb steel. This was achieved by adding boron to stabilize M23C6 carbides and dispersing fine MX nitrides. Creep tests were conducted at 650°C for up to approximately 3 × 104 hours. Adding a large amount of boron exceeding 0.01%, combined with minimized nitrogen, effectively stabilized the martensitic microstructure and improved long-term creep strength. The amount of available boron, free from boron nitrides and tungsten borides, is crucial for enhancing long-term creep strength. Reducing the carbon concentration below 0.02% led to a dispersion of nano-sized MX nitride particles along boundaries and in the matrix, resulting in excellent creep strength at 650°C. A critical issue for the 9Cr steel strengthened by MX nitrides is the formation of Z-phase, which degrades long-term creep strength. Excess nitrogen additions of 0.07 and 0.1% promoted Z-phase formation during creep. The formation of a protective Cr-rich oxide scale was achieved through a combination of Si addition and pre-oxidation treatment in argon, significantly improving the oxidation resistance in steam at 650°C.
Creep Rupture Properties of Grade 91 Weldments
Authors: Cohn Marvin J. , Paterson Steve R. , Coleman Kent
Published: July 2024

The use of creep strength-enhanced ferritic alloys like Grade 91 has become popular in fossil power plants for applications at temperatures above 566°C (1050°F). Compared to Grades 11 and 22, Grade 91 offers higher stress allowables, better ramp rate tolerance, weight reduction, and lower thermal expansion coefficients at operating temperatures. However, Grade 91's superior elevated temperature strength requires specific microstructure and metallurgical considerations. This paper highlights concerns that warrant further investigation. Initial operating stresses in Grade 91 piping systems may exceed 262 MPa (38 ksi), and lack of creep relaxation below 593°C (1050°F) could lead to weldment failures within years, especially above 159 MPa (23 ksi) after one year. While cold spring can reduce initial stresses for systems below 593°C (1050°F), creep relaxation rates up to 206 MPa (30 ksi) need study. Above 593°C (1050°F) and below 103 MPa (15 ksi), weldments may fail prematurely by Type IV creep mechanism. Long-term creep rupture studies on cross-weld and multiaxially loaded thick-walled specimens should evaluate deteriorated weldment properties, particularly below 103 MPa (15 ksi).
Assessment of the Steam Oxidation Behavior of High-Temperature Power Plant Materials
Authors: Osgerby S. , Fry A.
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the growth kinetics and spallation behavior of oxide scales formed under steam environments on alloys used in high-temperature plants. The influence of alloy composition is analyzed using two approaches: an empirical model based on the concept of “chromium equivalent” and a neural network model. Both models demonstrate a good correlation with experimental results when sufficient data is available to generate the model parameters. However, there is insufficient data on scale spallation to develop similar models describing the influence of alloy composition on this phenomenon.
Characterization of Multi-Scale Structures for a Creep-Fatigued Ferritic Heat-Resisting Steel
Authors: Hayakawa M. , Yamaguchi K. , Kimura M. , Kobayashi K.
Published: July 2024

Microstructural analyses by FE-SEM and TEM were performed on a ferritic heat-resisting steel that contained 12mass% chromium and 2mass% tungsten to characterize its multi-scale structure, consisting of prior austenite grains, packets, blocks, subgrains and precipitates. The size distributions of the block, subgrains and precipitates were quantitatively evaluated before and after a creep-fatigue test to relate them to their creep-fatigue property. Our results showed that the occupancy of precipitates on prior austenite grain boundaries increased markedly and subgrains became coarse during the creep-fatigue test, while block size did not change. It is suggested that the growth of grain boundary precipitates and coarse subgrains plays an important role in the intergranular fracture mechanism caused by creep-fatigue.
Dependence of High-Temperature Steam Oxidation Resistance on the Stability of the Chromium Sulfide in High-Chromium Heat-Resistant Steels
Authors: Nakai M. , Murata Y. , Morinaga M. , Hashizume R.
Published: July 2024

The presence of sulfur at an impurity level in heat resistant steels could improve remarkably the steam oxidation resistance. As is well known, sulfur tends to form sulfides, in particular, chromium sulfides when the steel contains chromium. Therefore, there are two possibilities of sulfur states in the steel. One is in atomic sulfur state as a solid solution, and the other is in sulfide state as a precipitate. However, it still remains unclear which sulfur state contributes largely to the improvement of the steam oxidation resistance of the steels. In order to elucidate the sulfur state operated more effectively in improving the oxidation resistance, the steam oxidation resistance was investigated with high chromium ferritic steels, Fe-10mass%Cr-0.08mass%C-(0~0.015)mass%S, with controlling the sulfur states in them by proper heat treatments. From a series of experiments, it was found that the sulfide state played a more important role in improving the steam oxidation resistance than the atomic sulfur state. Furthermore, this sulfur effect worked significantly in the steam oxidation test performed at the temperatures above 873K which corresponded to the temperature for the chromium sulfide to dissolve and instead for the chromium oxide to form in the steels. This result indicates that the beneficial effect of sulfur in improving the steam oxidation resistance is related closely to the sulfide stability against the oxide in the steels.
Life Extension of Main Steam Line
Authors: Erenburg B.
Published: July 2024

Numerous factors, including actual chemical composition, heat treatment, microstructure, dimensions, and service conditions, determine the lifetime of creep-exposed components. This creates a wide gap between the real condition of a given steel pipe and its project specification. For a 141MW unit main steam line, the remaining life calculated according to the German Boiler Code TRD 508 was found to be almost exhausted. It was recommended to remove a pipe sample with a circumference weld for laboratory examination. Stress rupture tests were performed on three types of specimens: tangential, longitudinal, and longitudinal with a heat-affected zone in the middle of the gauge length using the isostress testing method. Metallographic examination of the broken specimens was conducted. Linear extrapolation of the rupture times to the service temperature yielded a residual service life of more than 100,000 hours.
Revealing Creep Associated and Industrial Flaws in Operating High Energy Piping by Quantitative Acoustic Emission Method
Authors: Muravin B. , Muravin G. , Lezvinsky L.
Published: July 2024

High-pressure and high-temperature piping in fossil power plants suffer from unexpected and rarely predictable failures. To prevent failures and ensure operational safety, a Quantitative Acoustic Emission (QAE) non-destructive inspection (NDI) method was developed for revealing, identifying, and assessing flaws in equipment operating under strong background noise. This method enables overall piping inspection during normal operation, locating suspected zones with developing low J-integral flaws, identifying flaw types and evaluating danger levels based on J-integral values, and detecting defective components prior to shutdown. Combining continuous and burst acoustic emission as an information tool, the QAE NDI revealed, identified, and assessed significant flaws like creep, micro-cracks, pore/inclusion systems, plastic deformation, and micro-cracking in over 50 operating high-energy piping systems. Findings were independently verified by various NDI techniques, including time of flight diffraction, focused array transducers, magnetic particles, ultrasonic testing, X-ray, replication, and metallurgical investigations.
High Temperature Cross-Weld Characterization of P22 and P91 Steel Welds by Micro-Tensile Testing
Authors: Dogan B. , Ceyhan U.
Published: July 2024

Material properties and damage mechanisms exhibit significant variation across weldments. Micro tensile (MT) testing of specimens machined from specific narrow weldment zones is one method to characterize local property variation. Although limited, the literature data on micro-tensile specimen testing reports on low-temperature behavior. However, cross-weld local material data at high service temperatures have not been reported yet. In the present study, MT tests are conducted across similar P22 and P91 steel welds at 550°C and 600°C, respectively. To study deformation mechanisms and the role of surface condition on properties, specimens with different surface conditions (machined, polished, and electropolished) are tested. Two different loading rates of 0.2 mm/min and 0.5 mm/min are used to study the effect of loading rate on deformation and mechanical properties. Variations in weldment material properties are presented as a function of specimen surface conditions and loading speeds. Deformation behavior is studied on the side surfaces of tested micro-tensile specimens using SEM. Deformation is correlated to the microstructural constituent observed on side surfaces.
Computer Simulation of Precipitation in a Complex 9-12% Cr-Steel During Fabrication Heat Treatment
Authors: Rajek J. , Kozeschnik E. , Cerjak H.
Published: July 2024

A novel multi-component, multi-particle, multi-phase precipitation model is used to predict the precipitation kinetics in complex 9-12% Cr steels investigated within the European COST project. These steels are used for tubes, pipes, casings and rotors in USC (ultra super critical) steam power plants for the 21st century. In the computer simulations, the evolution of the precipitate microstructure is monitored during the entire fabrication heat treatment including casting, austenitizing, several annealing treatments. The main interest lies on the concurrent nucleation, growth, coarsening and dissolution of different types of precipitates.
Creep Strengthening Mechanisms in 9-12% Chromium Steels
Authors: Ennis P. J.
Published: July 2024

The development of 9-12% chromium steels during the last twenty years is reviewed. The significant increases in creep strength that have been achieved by minor alloying additions of V, Nb, W, Mo, N and B are discussed and the mechanisms by which the individual elements contribute to the long-term creep strength are evaluated. The basic strengthening is provided by the martensitic transformation that allows the formation of a sub-grain structure from the martensite laths. The sub-grain boundaries are stabilized by precipitates, mainly M23C6; within the sub-grains, fine nitride and carbonitride precipitates interact with dislocations, thereby enhancing the strength. The relative contributions of the martensitic transformation and the various precipitates to the overall creep strength of the steels are assessed. Of particular importance for the long-term creep strength is the stability of the microstructure, especially the time dependent coarsening of the various precipitates and the possible formation of additional phases, such as Laves phase (Fe2(W,Mo) and the Z phase (CrNbN). It is shown that microstructural changes that occur during exposure at anticipated service temperatures have a large impact on the strength and these changes must be taken into account in the derivation of long-term design stresses. Finally, the potential for achieving further increases in the creep strength of 9-12% chromium steels is discussed, especially in view of the need for higher chromium contents to ensure adequate steam oxidation resistance.
Factors of variability in the relationship between the motives of teaching and the academic success of students
Authors: Glotova Galina Anatolevna
Published: July 2024

The study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the results of using in different samples two different methods related to the study of students' learning motivation. The study used methods based on different approaches «Diagnostics of students' learning motivation» (Badmaeva, 2004) and «Scales of academic motivation» (Gordeeva, Sychev, Osin, 2014). In addition, students provided information about their academic performance over the past semesters. The study was conducted using an online survey in a Google form on a sample of 82 university students aged 18–29 years. Correlation analysis (according to Spearman) and factor analysis (with Varimax rotation) were used in data processing. The results of the study showed that the scales of the methods «Diagnostics of students' learning motivation» and «Scales of academic motivation» when used in different samples correlate quite closely with each other; the methods «Diagnostics of students' learning motivation» and «Scales of academic motivation», despite differences in their structure and terminology, allow us to assess the formation of students' learning motives; with the self-report on academic performance in the method «Diagnostics of students' learning motivation» correlate, first of all, the motives of the learning of the «activity spectrum», and in the method «Scales of academic motivation» – the scale of the «internal motivation» of the learning; the joint use of the methods «Diagnostics of students' learning motivation» and «Scales of academic motivation» makes it possible to obtain a more differentiated picture of the features of the motivational sphere of students.
The study of the relationship between the motives of learning with self-regulation and student academic performance
Authors: Glotova Galina Anatolevna
Published: July 2024

The study is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between the motives of learning, measured by two methods based on different theoretical approaches, with the main regulatory processes (planning, modeling, programming, evaluation of results) and regulatory and personal properties (flexibility, independence), as well as with students' self-reports on academic performance. The study used the following methods: «Diagnostics of students' learning motivation» (Badmaeva, 2004), «Scales of academic motivation» (Gordeeva, Sychev, Osin, 2014), «Style of self-regulation of behavior – SSP-98» (Morosanova, 2000) and self-report of students on their academic performance over the past semesters. The study was conducted using an online survey in a Google form on a sample of 82 university students aged 18–29 years. Correlation analysis (according to Spearman) and factor analysis (with Varimax rotation) were used in data processing. The results of the study: multiple significant correlations of learning motives, measured by two different methods «Diagnostics of student learning motivation» and «Scales of academic motivation», with scales of the SSP-98 methodology were obtained; significant positive correlations of learning motives with self-report on academic performance allow us to analyze the types of students' activities that include learning activities, that requires the use of already developed educational technologies and the development of new ones in the educational process at the university.
The content of the training of mixed pairs, taking into account the factors of successful development of acrobatic supports in rhythmic gymnastics
Authors: Pimenova Liudmila Georgievna
Published: July 2024

Currently, the international movement follows the principle of reaching athletes without gender differences, and both men and women should be involved in all sports. In this regard, recently the All-Russian Federation of Rhythmic Gymnastics has been actively promoting new directions in rhythmic gymnastics, one of which is working in mixed pairs. This is a rather spectacular direction, the content of the competitive compositions of which includes both objects from women's rhythmic gymnastics (hoop, ball) and from men's (hoop, gymnastic stick). A distinctive feature of this direction is the use of complex supports, throwing objects and acrobatic elements.
A distinctive feature of the competitive activity of this sport is the demonstration of the best male and female qualities and abilities. And all this is embodied in a single compositional solution. This requires an appropriate approach to training athletes. For example, acrobatic elements in women's disciplines are different: mostly on the floor and in isolation, and men are not ready to simultaneously interact with a partner and simultaneously demonstrate mastery of the subject, which allows them to demonstrate a completely different level of coordination complexity. In this combination, male and female skills are shown together. For men it is strength, endurance, for women it is plasticity, lightness, virtuosity of possession of an object.
As a rule, the partners in sports pairs have good classical training in rhythmic gymnastics in an individual program. As partners, with an insufficiently developed structure of departments of sports schools that have been working in this direction for a long time, they attract athletes from other sports - gymnastics, competitive acrobatics, martial arts.
Thus, the problems of this study are due to the presence of the following contradictions: on the one hand, there is a global trend towards the active involvement of men in artistic gymnastics, on the other hand, the lack of training technologies in rhythmic gymnastics that ensure the formation of the skills of athletes of mixed pairs, taking into account gender differences; On the other hand, there is a wide variety of interactions through acrobatic supports in mixed pairs, which allow to increase the technical value and entertainment of competitive programs, on the other hand, there is a lack of knowledge about the factors of successful development of acrobatic supports by athletes of mixed pairs in rhythmic gymnastics.
The Metaverse as one of the foundations of future education
Authors: Rodzin Sergei Ivanovich , Bova Viktoriia Viktorovna
Published: July 2024

The metaverse is a collective common space for interaction created as a result of the convergence of physical reality and virtual space, including augmented reality and the Internet. The potential of the metaverse in the field of education is of growing interest, and many researchers are exploring ways to improve the effectiveness of student learning, while reducing time and labor costs to ensure the educational process. However, the systemic and technological aspects of providing education through the metaverse remain insufficiently developed. To fill this gap, the paper presents the concept and architecture of the metaverse, combining artificial intelligence technologies, Web3 and blockchain technology to create a learning environment. The existing approaches to the creation of intelligent systems and gamification of learning, as well as some projects for the creation of a metaverse, are analyzed. The purpose of the proposed approach to creating a metaverse is to design a virtual learning space that begins with reflecting the physical world, storing user learning trajectories, knowledge trees in the blockchain, and providing a secure and open community. The main stages of the metaverse development are presented, including cloning, expansion and integration of physical and virtual components, as well as blockchain technologies. It is noted that by now the necessary prerequisites have developed in Russia for the realization of the metaverse as one of the foundations of future education.
Timing of Coronary Angiography for Patients Without St-Segment Elevation After Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Al-Sadawi Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Background/Aim: Although early coronary angiography (CAG) is currently recommended in patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with ST segment elevation on electrocardiogram (EKG), the benefits in OHCA patients without ST segment elevation is unclear. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the association between timing of CAG and clinical outcomes in patients with OHCA without ST segment elevation on EKG. Methods: We performed a literature search for studies reporting an association between timing of CAG and study endpoints. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoints neurological outcome and need for dialysis. The search included the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search was not restricted to time or publication status. Results: A total of 17 studies with 8118 participants (3447 with early CAG vs 4671 with late/no CAG) were included. The mean duration of follow-up was 138 days. Early CAG showed a trend toward reduction in all-cause mortality but this was not statistically significant (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.60-1.14; p=0.25). Early CAG showed a trend toward favorable neurological outcome but this was not statistically significant (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.48-1.18; p=0.21. Early CAG was not associated with increased risk for acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis (HD) (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.73-1.38; p=0.99). Subgroup analysis by time to CAG demonstrated that early CAG was associated with increased all-cause mortality if performed immediately (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.02-1.66; p=0.03), but decreased all-cause mortality if performed within 6 hours or within 24 hours (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.90; p<0.01; OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.79; p=0.01). Conclusions: Early CAG in patients presenting after OHCA without ST segment elevation may be beneficial compared to late/no CAG if performed after initial patient stabilization.
Problematika Tuntutan Eksternal bagi Kesejahteraan Psikologis Peserta Didik: Literature Review
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Andi , Eriyanti Ribut Wahyu , Huda Atok Miftahul , Rofieq Ainur
Published: July 2024

This article investigates and describes the problems that arise from external demands on students' psychological well-being. The primary focus involves academic pressure, family expectations, and the impact of interactions with peers and social media. The literature review approach was carried out by taking Scopus-based data from 2018-2023. Relevant data was obtained for 26 articles from the data selection. The supporting tools used for data collection and analysis are Publish or Perrish and Biblioshiny. The results of the analysis show that excessive academic pressure can cause stress and anxiety, while high family expectations can create psychological conflict. Interaction with peers and exposure to social media also contribute significantly to self-dissatisfaction and mental health disorders. This article emphasizes the need for a holistic approach in education to minimize the negative impact of external demands. Recommendations include strengthening mental health support programs in schools, increasing awareness of social media literacy, and close collaboration between educators, families, and communities in creating learning environments that support students' overall psychological development. Hopefully, this article can contribute to designing effective and sustainable interventions to improve students' psychological well-being. _____________________________________________________________Artikel ini menyelidiki dan menguraikan proble­matika yang muncul dari tuntutan eksternal terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis peserta didik. Fokus utama melibatkan tekanan akademis, ekspektasi keluarga, dan dampak dari interaksi dengan teman sebaya serta media sosial. Kajian literatur dilakukan dengan mengambil data berbasis scopus dari tahun 2018-2023. Dari pemilihan data di dapat data yang relevan sebanyak 26 artikel. Alat pendukung yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data dan analisis data yaitu menggunakan publish or perrish serta biblioshiny. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tekanan akademis yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan stres dan kecemasan, sedangkan ekspektasi keluarga yang tinggi dapat menciptakan konflik psikologis. Interaksi dengan teman sebaya dan paparan media sosial juga memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap ketidakpuasan diri dan gangguan kesehatan mental. Artikel ini menekankan perlunya pendekatan holistik dalam pendidikan untuk meminimalkan dampak negatif dari tuntutan eksternal. Rekomendasi termasuk penguatan program dukungan kesehatan mental di sekolah, peningkatan kesadaran literasi media sosial, serta kolaborasi erat antara pendidik, keluarga, dan masyarakat dalam menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang mendukung perkembangan psikologis peserta didik secara menyeluruh. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam merancang intervensi yang efektif dan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis peserta didik.