bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood inundation assessment in the data-scarce region using hydrodynamic models and google earth engine -A case of Ghed region, Ozat River basin, Gujarat, India
Authors: Trambadia Nevil K , Patel Dhruvesh P , Patel Vinodkumar M , Gundalia Manoj J
Published: January 2023

Flooding is an inevitable phenomenon of nature; however, its effect can be reduced via flood assessment. Therefore, flood inundation mapping is vital for flood assessment and mitigation planning in developing countries. But, flood assessment needs massive data sets to perform the flood simulation. Hence, the availability of precious observed data for flood assessment plays a significant role in research methodology to overcome the limitation and barriers for efficient modeling. The present study aims to evaluate the inundated area of Ghed region using 2-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic analysis. The new HEC-RAS v6 uses an open-source digital elevation model (DEM) for hydraulic analysis to develop flood inundation, velocity, depth, arrival time, and percentage time inundation maps. The results are validated with 2017 and 2021 satellite images, hence the machine-learning algorithm generated in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform to visualize the flooded area. In GEE, a flood mapping algorithm (FMA) generates data from sentinel 1-C band synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) sensors and compares it to the 2D model's output. The observed data sets are used to validate the hydrodynamic models for calibration of Manning roughness value in the case of a 1D model and water depth study for a 2D model. In this context, regression analysis was employed to validate water surface elevation, and four key locations were compared for maximum water depth. It has been determined that more than 170 km2 of land has been flooded yearly. The satellite image examination identifies frequently flooded areas via derivation of post-flood scenarios in GEE. The findings of this research aid decision-makers in developing an early warning system and establishing new hydraulic structures.
Ascaris lumbricoides in a young nose-A rare finding
Authors: Iqbal Sahar , Sahrish Fariha , Masood Sara , Irum Saima , Niazi Mehwish , Noor Nazia
Published: January 2023

Background: Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) is one of the most common nematodes (roundworms) affecting humans more frequently. It generally infests the gastrointestinal tract. However, unusual sites may rarely be affected. Sinusitis is a quite common clinical complaint seen in ENT departments. However, A. lumbricoides as a cause of sinusitis is fairly uncommon. The rarity of the disease, vague clinical complaints, and nonspecific radiological findings may end in delayed diagnosis, leading to severe complications. Clinicians should keep in mind this rare diagnosis, especially in underdeveloped countries.
Case presentation: A 3-year-old girl with a low socioeconomic background presented in the Department of ENT, Ch. Mohammad Akram Teaching & Research Hospital, Lahore, with a 15-day history of unilateral nasal blockage, and foul-smelling nasal discharge (blood stained on and off) from the right nostril. On examination, there was vague swelling on the right lateral wall of the nose that was firm to hard. The right maxillary sinus area and infra-orbital region were also vaguely enlarged. A radiographic examination of the head and neck revealed haziness in the right maxillary sinus; however, the rest of the paranasal sinuses were unremarkable. The right nasal cavity was filled with pale yellow/necrotic secretions. A thick pus-like collection was noted coming out from the maxillary ostium. Surgeons suspected some foreign bodies; however, no viable or dead cord-like structures were found during surgical manipulation.
Discussion: Ascariasis is a worldwide common helminthic infection that is especially endemic in tropical/subtropical regions because of the suboptimal sanitary conditions. People are also unaware of their hygiene and how to dispose of their excreta, which is a major issue in the rural populations of developing countries. The major route of transmitting infection is ingesting embryonated eggs in the form of contaminated food/water or using raw vegetables/fruits without proper washing.
2q31 microdeletion syndrome with the velocardiofacial phenotype and review of the literature: a case report
Authors: Candelo Estephania , Giraldo-Ocampo Sebastian , Nevado Julian , Lapunzina Pablo , Pachajoa Harry
Published: January 2023

Background

2q31 deletion creates a characteristic phenotype including mild-to-severe developmental delay, short stature, facial dysmorphism, and variable defects on the extremities. The dysmorphic characteristics include microcephaly, downslanting palpebral fissures, a long and flat philtrum, micrognathia, and dysplastic and low-set ears. To date, 38 patients have been diagnosed using comparative genomic hybridization. Therefore, more patients with detailed clinical data are necessary to delineate the spectrum of clinical manifestation associated with a deletion in 2q31 cytoband.

Case presentation

We present an 8-year-old female patient with clinical characteristics of the velocardiofacial syndrome, including facial dysmorphism, congenital heart disease with persistent truncus arteriosus, interauricular communication (ostium secundum), and seizure syndrome. An array comparative genomic hybridization showed the discontinuous deletion comprising the 2q31.1-2q31.3 cytobands, establishing a diagnosis of 2q31 microdeletion syndrome. The patient has been treated with supportive swallowing and speech therapy. A literature review of the previous cases is also presented here.

Conclusion

here we report the first patient with a complex, discontinuous deletion in the 2q31-2q32 regions, which contributes to the phenotypical and mutational characterization of patients carrying deletions in these cytobands. Furthermore, this case highlights the importance of high-resolution techniques and coverage in diagnosing patients with complex phenotypes.
Indoor SLAM based on line observation probability using a hand-drawn map
Authors: Keigo Akiba , Suzuki Ryuki , JI Yonghoon , Pathak Sarthak , Umeda Kazunori
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we propose a novel method to build indoor map information by utilizing a hand-drawn map as prior information is given. So far, previous studies using the hand-drawn map have been limited to robot pose estimation and navigation. In our approach, finding the correspondence between the shape of the real environment and the shape of the hand-drawn map is performed to build accurate map information. In addition, even if the estimation of the robot pose on the hand-drawn map fails, our method can continue to build the map by re-estimating the robot’s pose on the hand-drawn map based on the previous corresponding information. In the simulations, we verified the accuracy of the built map using three hand-drawn maps.
Differences in the Seoi-Nage Skill between Elite and Non-Elite Judo Athlete’s
Authors: Choi Sang-Hyup , Song Yong-Gwan
Published: January 2023

Background
The present study examined the effects of the seoi-nage skill using expert (i.e., elite) and novice (i.e., non-elite) judo athletes.
Methods
Ten with expert judo athletes and 10 novice judo athletes were instructed to perform seoi-nage skill that consist of three phases (i.e., unbalancing, positioning, and throwing). Kinematic characteristics of the three phases data was collected from an optical motion capture 3D camera, and used to measure the magnitude and direction of the force.
Results
The results indicated that the expert judo athletes showed better performance the rotation and tilt angle characteristics of the shoulder and pelvis, and hip and knee joint flexion-extension angle during seoi-nage skill compared with novice judo athletes. In addition, the shoulder and pelvis of expert judo athletes exhibited together while maintaining the extension of the hip and knee joints to achieve effective sedation than novice judo athletes.
Conclusions
These results suggest that the force and movement control is important for the implementation of optimal the seoi-nage skill.
Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy for thoracolumbar disc herniation: A retrospective study
Authors: chen hao , bian zhenyu , hou changju , li maoqiang , zhang zhen , zhu liulong , wang xuepeng
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Thoracolumbar disc herniation, a rare disorder, has unique characteristics that can result in undesirable surgical outcomes after traditional discectomy. In view of the widespread use of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy for lower lumbar disc herniation, we investigated treatment of thoracolumbar disc herniation by this procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and surgical outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy for treating thoracolumbar disc herniation.
Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical data of 19 patients who had undergone percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy for thoracolumbar disc herniation in our institution between April 2018 and July 2021. Operation time, follow-up time, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, visual analogue scale scores for low-leg and leg pain, and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores were evaluated.
Results: The differences between preoperative and postoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association and visual analogue scale scores were significant (P<0.05). According to the Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, 14 of the 19 patients had excellent, three good, and two fair improvement; thus, the rate of satisfactory improvement was 89.5%.
Conclusion: Operation time, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and surgical outcomes were favorable. Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy is an ideal surgical procedure for treating thoracolumbar disc herniation.
Cross-sectional area of peripheral nerve in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case-control study
Authors: Fan Jing , Li Yi , Niu Jingwen , Guan Yuzhou , Cui Liying , Liu Mingsheng
Published: January 2023

Background: This study aims to determine CSA of peripheral nerve and whether CSA could act as a predictor of disease prognosis in patients with ALS.
Methods: a total of 139 patients and 75 healthy controls were recruited, 39 patients were lost to follow-up. The ALS functional rating scale Revised (ALS-FRS-R), duration from onset to diagnosis, and survival duration were collected. Peripheral nerve CSAs were measured at the first visit on the bilateral median, and ulnar nerve in ALS patients and controls.
Results: Compared to controls, ALS patients had mild reductions of the median nerve and most sites of the ulnar nerve. Another important finding of this study is that the median nerve tends to have a more significant reduction than the ulnar nerve in ALS patients, especially at the proximal. However, no significant correlation was observed between CSAs and ALS-FRS-R/m. The K-M curve indicated no correlation between CSAs and survival in patients with upper limber onset ALS.
Conclusions: CSA at the proximal Median nerve may be a promising biomarker in patients with ALS. While Peripheral nerve CSAs of the upper limb were not correlated with survival and severity of disease in patients with ALS.
Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, approval number (JS-1210).
Relationship between key continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics and specific cognitive domains in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dong Shanshan , Wang Lina , Zhao Chenxu , Zhang Rui , Gao Zhaoyu , Jiang Lei , Guo Yingying , Zhou Huimin , Xu Shunjiang
Published: January 2023

Objective
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived time in range (TIR) is closely associated with micro- and macro-vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was performed to investigate the relationship between key CGM metrics and specific cognitive domains in patients with T2DM.
Methods
A total of 96 outpatients with T2DM were recruited in this study. A battery of neuropsychological tests was performed to evaluate cognitive function, including memory, executive functioning, visuospatial ability, attention, and language. Participants wore a blinded flash glucose monitor (FGM) for 72 h. The key FGM metrics were calculated, including TIR, time below range (TBR), and time above range (TAR). Furthermore, the glycemia risk index (GRI) was also calculated by the GRI formula. Binary logistic regression was used to assess risk factors for TBR, and we further analyzed the associations between neuropsychological test results and TBR/TAR/TIR/GRI with multiple linear regressions.
Results
A total of 45.8% of patients with T2DM had hypoglycemia (TBR < 3.9) measured by FGM. The Spearman analysis results revealed that a higher TBR < 3.9 was correlated with worse performance on trail making test A (TMTA), clock drawing test (CDT) and cued recall scores (P < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis results revealed that TMTA (OR = 1.010, P = 0.036) and CDT (OR = 0.429, P = 0.016) scores were independent factors influencing the occurrence of TBR < 3.9. Multiple linear regressions revealed that TBR < 3.9 (β = -0.214, P = 0.033), TAR > 13.9 (β = -0.216, P = 0.030) and TAR 10.1–13.9 (β = 0.206, P = 0.042) were significantly correlated with cued recall scores after adjusting for confounding factors. TIR and GRI had no correlation with neuropsychological test results (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
A higher TBR < 3.9 and TAR > 13.9 were associated with worse cognitive functions (memory, visuospatial ability, and executive functioning). A higher TAR of 10.1–13.9 was associated with better memory performance. For patients with T2DM, glycemic targets can be relaxed to 10.1–13.9 mmol/L, which may slow the decline in cognitive function.
Factors associated with the CVD risk factors and body fat pattern of postmenopausal Hindu caste and Lodha tribal populations living in India: An exploratory study
Authors: Roy Subho , Kar Debasmita
Published: January 2023

Background Loss in ovarian function during mid-life results in adverse changes in cardiovascular profile of women. The strength of the association between CVD risk factors and menopause differ cross culturally since several modifiable factors play significant roles in explaining CVD mortality than differences in endogenous estrogen. Very few of the studies from this subcontinent have been concerned with the menopause specific CVD risk factors, particularly among the tribal groups. Thus, we intended to study the variations in body fat pattern and CVD risk factors between Hindu caste and Lodha tribal postmenopausal women and how these risk factors can be predicted from differential socio-economic, reproductive and menstrual characteristics and lifestyle variables. The Lodha tribal populations is considered as Particularly Vulnerable Group (PVTG) in this country. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among the Bengali Hindu caste and Lodha tribal populations of the State of West Bengal, India covering three districts namely Howrah, Jhargram and East Midnapure. A total number of 197 postmenopausal participants have been recruited for this study (urban caste 69, rural caste 65 and rural Lodha 63). Data on blood sugar and total cholesterol levels, blood pressure, muscle mass, body fat distribution and sociodemographic, reproductive and menstrual history and lifestyle variables were collected following standard protocols. The entire data was analyzed with the help of statistical package for social science version 20.0(IBM corporation, 2011). Results This cross-sectional comparison of women at midlife, though exploratory in nature showed significant differences in body fat pattern and CVD risk factors between caste and tribal groups owing to the socioeconomic disparities, differences in reproductive characteristic and lifestyle factors. Conclusion The caste and tribal populations differed significantly in body fat pattern and CVD risk factors and the concomitants to these problems, suggesting interplay between menopause and modifiable factors in explaining CVD risk factors during mid-life.
Missed diagnoses of Blunt Cerebrovascular Injuries result in Ischemic stroke: two cases report
Authors: Zhang Shaoyang , Wu Mingjie , Fu Qinghui , Zhou Qian , Jiang Meng , Wang Yadong , Wang Weier , Yang Xiaofeng
Published: January 2023

Here we report two patients with a car accident injury who suffered a cerebral infarction following a missed diagnosis of blunt cerebrovascular injury. Difficulty in diagnosis of these cases because of no neurological signs or symptoms on initial assessment is a lesson for physicians from emergency room. Our conclusion upon dealing with the situation is that traumatic blunt cerebrovascular injury has potentially devastating consequences. There is often a delay between the trauma and the onset of symptoms of neurological deficit. Therefore, clinicians should be cautious in this situation. Early detection and intervention are needed to prevent the development of ischemic stroke secondary to blunt cerebrovascular injury in combination with cerebral infarction, thereby improving the prognosis of patients.
PTEN regulates actin filaments to shape cell cortex architecture
Authors: Ho Kimberly , Patel Suraj S. , Sullivan Eve , Chang Alicia , Lin Guang Han , Lv Moqi , Fan Xinyi , Naufal E. R. , Shen Wen H.
Published: January 2023

Mitosis and homeostasis depend on proper cellular morphological transformation and plasma membrane structure during interphase. PTEN is a tumor suppressor protein involved in cellular homeostasis and genomic stability. We have previously shown that loss of PTEN leads to impairment of mitotic spindle architecture and cytokinesis. Here we report a potential relationship between PTEN and actin in controlling cellular morphology. PTEN depletion results in disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. This is manifested by decreased parallel alignment of actin filaments, increased F-actin at the membrane, and cells appeared rounder. We also found that Moesin (Moe), an actin-binding ERM protein involved in membrane morphology, exhibits greater level in the phosphorylated Moe (pMoe) form and dislocation of pMoe from the cell cortex. Using an inhibitor of actin polymerization in PTEN-deficient cells, our data show a reduced quantity of pMoe and the recovery of its membrane enrichment. Moreover, inhibition of actin polymerization also reduces F-actin at the membrane and the frequency of cells with round shape. These data suggest that PTEN may regulate cortical actin polymerization to maintain cellular morphology and membrane dynamics.
Survey the effectiveness of education based on Message Framing through mobile phone on women's physical activity
Authors: Shakerinejad Ghodratollah , Baji Zahra , Tehrani Masoumeh , Jarvandi Farzaneh , Cheraghi Maria , Hatamzadeh Nasser
Published: January 2023

Background: Physical activity in female employees is a healthy behavior and increases strength, endurance, improves flexibility, improves the feeling of vitality and freshness, improves health, and ultimately increases life expectancy. Health messages are one of the most effective ways to engage people and motivate them to perform healthy behaviors. The purpose of this study was to the study of the effectiveness of education based on message framing through mobile phone (whatsapp) on the physical activity of women employees of universities and higher education institutions in Ahvaz city.
Method: In this interventional study, 90 of female employees of universities and higher education institutions of Ahvaz city were selected by random sampling and randomly divided into three groups (30 participants) receiving gain framed messages, receiving loss framed messages and the control group. The tools of data collection were demographic information questionnaire and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The participants of the intervention groups received educational messages about physical activity behavior in two different gain and loss framed messages through whatsapp for one month. Data were collected from three groups at the beginning of the study, immediately and two months after the intervention, and were analyzed using SPSS version 26.
results: The results showed that there was a significant increase in the average physical activity score after the intervention. It was also found that this increase in the group of gain framed messages for physical activity behavior was significantly higher than the group of loss framed messages.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the design and implementation of education programs based on message framing, especially gain framed messages through online education (Whatsapp) can improve and promote physical activity behavior in women employees.
Validity and utility of a vascular resistance-integrated diastolic index as a prognostic factor in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Hoshida Shiro
Published: January 2023

None of the existing non-invasive diastolic indices consider arterial load. This article proposed the validity of a novel index of vascular resistance-integrated diastolic function, a ratio of left ventricular diastolic elastance (Ed) to arterial elastance (Ea), Ed/Ea = (E/e´)/(0.9 × systolic blood pressure), and its utility in the prognostic evaluation of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Prognostic factors related to left atrial overload such as Ed/Ea may differ according to the clinical endpoint, follow-up duration and sex. In HFpEF patients with heterogenous cardiac structure and function, assessment using a serial echocardiographic vascular resistance-integrated diastolic index in clinical care can provide an accurate prognosis.
Effect of Different Pretreated Acids on Gel Strength of Gelatin
Authors: mairaj Asma , Saeed Muhammad Faran
Published: January 2023

The usage of gelatin is limited due to its instability and poor mechanical properties. Under special physiological conditions. So when we treated the hides in which buffalo and cowhide were pretreated with different acids so they disrupt the cross-links and release acid-soluble proteins and others components. Generally, to achieve optimum extraction efficiency, strong acid may be used at a lower concentration compared to weak acid. This study aimed to determine the gel strength of gelation extracted from different kinds of hides (buffalo or cow hides) pretreated with different kinds of acids. Mostly hides were extracted with Hydrochloric acid, citric acid, and acetic acid. So we use different concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5M of acids, to check the impact on gel strength.in general the gel strength property of the gelatin compiled with the industry standard set by the gelatin manufacture institute of America revealing that buffalo hide could serve as a suitable alternative source of gelatin.
Epidemiology of Major Paediatric Trauma in a European Country – Trends of a Decade
Authors: Castelão Mafalda , Lopes Graça , Vieira Marisa
Published: January 2023

Objectives
This study describes the epidemiology of severe injuries related to trauma in children and assesses potential preventive areas.
Methods
Single-centre retrospective study of paediatric trauma patients admitted to a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in a tertiary university hospital in Europe, from 2009 to 2019.
Results
Total 358 patients included (age 11 ± 4,9 years; 67% male); 75% were involved in road traffic accidents: 30% motor vehicle collision, 25% pedestrian, 10% motorcycle and bicycle each. Falls from height injured 19% of children, 4% during sports activities. Main injuries were to head/neck (73%) and extremities (42%). The incidence of major trauma was highest in teenagers and did not show a decreasing trend during the study years. All fatalities (1,7%; n = 6) were related to head/neck injuries. Motor vehicle collisions resulted in higher need for blood transfusion (9 vs 2 mL/kg, p = 0,006) and the highest ICU-mortality (83%; n = 5). Children in motorcycle accidents had longer ICU length-of-stay (6,4 vs 4,2 days, p = 0,036). Pedestrians had 25% higher risk of head/neck injuries (RR 1,25; 1,07 − 1,46; p = 0,004), and higher incidence of severe brain injury (46% vs 34%, p = 0,042). Most children in motor-vehicle/bicycle accidents were not using restraints/protective devices (45%) or were using them inappropriately (13%).
Conclusions
Over the last decade, the absolute numbers of paediatric major trauma did not decrease. Road traffic accidents remain the leading cause of injury and death. Teenagers are at highest risk for severe trauma. Appropriate use of child restraints and protective equipment remain key for prevention.
Multiparametric MRI for the differentiation of brain glial cell hyperplasia from low-grade glioma
Authors: Gu Si Qian , Qian Jing , Yang Ling , Sun Zhi Lei , Hu Chun Hong , Wang Xi Ming , Hu Su
Published: January 2023

Background
For individualized clinical treatment of patients,The differentiation between brain glial cell hyperplasia and low-grade glioma is of significant importance.
Objective
Based on Multiparametric MRI images,combining with clinical risk factors,we construct a radiomics-clinical model and nomogram for the differentiation of brain glial cell hyperplasia from low-grade glioma.
Methods
We retrospectively included patients with brain glial cell hyperplasia and low-grade glioma who underwent surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from March 2016 to March 2022.A total of 41 patients of brain glial cell hyperplasia and 87 patients of low-grade glioma were included in this study,then divide them into training group and validation group randomly with a ratio of 7: 3.We extracted radiomics features from T1-weighted imaging(T1WI),T2-weighted imaging(T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI), contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1-enhanced),then built LASSO, SVM and RF model,and we selected a model with higher efficiency to calculate the Rad-score (radiomics score) of every patient. To obtain the independent risk factors,we screened the Rad-score and clinical risk factors by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in turn, then we constructed radiomics-clinical model, and evaluated their performance.
Results
Of the included 128 cases ,brain glial cell hyperplasia and low-grade gliomas were randomly divided into 10 groups, and 7 of them were used as training group and 3 as validation group. The radiomics-clinical model were constructed with two independent risk factors——mass effect and Rad-score,which AUCs of the training group and validation group were 0.847 and 0.858. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the validation group were 0.821,0.750,0.852.
Conclusion
Combining with radiomics constructed by multiparametric MRI images and clinical features,the radiomics-clinical model and nomogram which were constructed to differentiate between brain glial cell hyperplasia and low-grade glioma had a good performance.
RGS4 impacts carbohydrate and siderophore metabolism in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Schalamun Miriam , Molin Eva-Maria , Schmoll Monika
Published: January 2023

Adaptation to complex, rapidly changing environments is crucial for evolutionary success of fungi. The heterotrimeric G-protein pathway belongs to the most important signaling cascades applied for this task. In Trichoderma reesei, enzyme production, growth and secondary metabolism are among the physiological traits influenced by the G-protein pathway in a light dependent manner. Here, we investigated the function of the SNX/H-type regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) protein RGS4. We show that RGS4 is involved in regulation of cellulase production, growth, asexual development and stress response. Transcriptome analysis revealed regulation of six genes mutated in RutC30 as well as several genes encoding transcription factors and transporters. Importantly, RGS4 positively regulates the siderophore cluster responsible for fusarinine C biosynthesis in light and the respective deletion mutant shows altered growth on nutrient sources related to siderophore production. Additionally, growth on storage carbohydrates as well as several intermediates of the D-galactose and D-arabinose catabolic pathway is decreased, predominantly in light. We conclude that RGS4 mainly operates in light and targets plant cell wall degradation, siderophore production and storage compound metabolism in T. reesei.
Prenatal depression and its predictors among women who seek prenatal care at mettu karl specialized hospital, south west Ethiopia
Authors: Dibaba Bekem
Published: January 2023

Introduction

: Globally, Prenatal depression is the most prevalent psychological problem which women experience during pregnancy. Regardless of the impact on maternal health; Risk factors of antenatal depression is poorly studied in Ethiopia. Therefore the goal of this study was to determine the risk factors of antenatal depression among pregnant women attending antenatal care.

Objective

The goal of the study was to determine how common prenatal depression and factors influencing it among women receiving antenatal care at Mettu Karl Specialized Hospital in southwest Ethiopia.

Methods and Materials

A cross-sectional study was undertaken from September 15 to October 15/2021. A total of 343 women were chosen using a systematic random sample technique. SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyze the data. In the bi-variable logistic regression, variables having a P-value of less than 0.25 at a 95% confidence interval were added to the multivariable logistic regression. Finally, in multivariable logistic regression, factors with a P-value of 0.05 at a 95% confidence Interval were declared significantly associated with prenatal depression.

Result

A total of 343 pregnant mothers were participated, making a 95% response rate. The magnitude of prenatal depression was 27.6%. The result of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that respondents who had unplanned pregnancies were 2.1 times more likely to develop prenatal depression comparing with their counterparts. Pregnant mothers who had complications during their previous labor and delivery were 4.4 times more likely to develop prenatal depression compared with those who had no complications during previous labor and delivery. Furthermore, participants with a past history of child hospitalization were 3.3 times more likely to develop prenatal depression compared with those who have no past history of child hospitalization. At long last, respondents who had satisfaction with their marriage were 3.9 times less likely to develop prenatal depression compared with those who had no satisfaction with their marriage

Conclusion

Generally, the magnitude of antenatal depression is still high. To prevent further consequences, interventions like working on the identified risk factors are mandatory.
Genetic improvement of economic traits in Murrah buffalo using significant SNPs from genome wide association study
Authors: GEORGE LINDA , Alex Rani , Sukhija Nidhi , Jaglan Komal , Vohra Vikas , Kumar Ravi , Verma Archana
Published: January 2023

GWAS helps to identify QTL and candidate genes of specific traits. Buffalo breeding mainly focused on milk production but its negative correlation with reproduction traits resulted in unfavourable decline in reproductive performance of buffalo. A genome wide scan was performed on a total of 120 Murrah buffaloes genotyped by ddRAD sequencing for 13 traits related to female fertility, production and growth. Identified 25 significant SNPs (P < 1x106) associated with Age at first calving (AFC), Age at first service (AFS), period from calving to 1st AI, Service period (SP) and 6 month body weight (6M). 15 genetic variants overlapped with different QTL regions of reported studies. Among the associated loci, outstanding candidate genes for fertility include, AQP1, TRNAE-CUC, NRIP1, CPNE4 and VOPP1 have role in different fertility traits. AQP1 gene expressed on different stages of pregnancy and in ovulatory phase. TRNAE-CUC gene related with AFC and no. of calving after 4 yrs of age. CPNE4 is glycogen content associated gene regulate muscle glycogen and upregulated in early pregnancy. NRIP1 gene have regulation over corpus luteum at pregnancy and control over ovulation and in mammary gland development. Objective to identify potential genomic regions and genetic variants associated with fertility related traits, milk production and growth traits and select most significant SNP which have positive effect on all the traits.
Methylammonium halide salt interfacial modification of perovskite quantum dots/triple-cation perovskites enable efficient solar cells
Authors: Tien Ching-Ho , Lai Hong-Ye , Chen Lung-Chien
Published: January 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) have been introduced as a new photovoltaic device due to their excellent power conversion efficiency and low cost. However, due to the limitations of the perovskite film itself, the existence of defects was inevitable, which seriously affects the number and mobility of carriers in perovskite solar cells, thus restricting PeSCs Improved efficiency and stability. Here, we use methylammonium halide salts (MAX, X = Cl, Br, I) to modify the interface between perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) film and triple-cation perovskite film, which can repair the surface defects of PeQDs film, thereby improving the crystal quality of triple-cation perovskite film. Ultimately, we achieved high short-circuit current density, high open-circuit voltage, and 20.4% power conversion efficiency in PeQDs/triple-cation PeSCs.
Higher body mass index is associated with higher hyperurcemia in patients with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: pan na , Wang Le , Yu Zhi , Xu Chong , Wang Yan , Cao Jie , Sun Longhao , Liang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2023

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is currently recognized as a risk factor for dysmetabolism. However, the effect of OSA on serum uric acid (SUA) levels in patients with obesity remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between SUA and OSA in patients with obesity and to determine whether bariatric surgery (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)) could decrease SUA levels.
Methods
A total of 182 patients with obesity and OSA were recruited for this study. All patients' demographic data, polysomnography (PSG), SUA, blood glucose, lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c) were recorded. The patients were divided into non-hyperuricemia-OSA (NHUA-OSA, ≤ 360 µmol/L) and hyperuricemia-OSA (> 360 µmol/L) groups according to their SUA levels, and the differences between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors for hyperuricemia in obese subjects with OSA. At follow-up, changes in BMI and SUA levels before and after bariatric surgery were statistically analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results
Hyperuricemia was present in 76.9% of the patients with obesity and OSA. Body mass index (BMI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and time spent below 90% oxygen saturation (T90%) were higher, and rapid eye movement (REM) duration during sleep and mean oxygen saturation (meanSpO2) were lower in the HUA-OSA group than in the NHUA-OSA group (all P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that BMI was an independent risk factor for hyperuricemia in patients with obesity and OSA (OR 1.103, 95% CI1.032–1.178, P = 0.004) after adjusting for confounding factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for BMI was 0.695 and the optimal cutoff value was 41.80kg/m2. The BMI and prevalence of hyperuricemia gradually decreased in 23 patients reassessed at the 1, 3, and 6 months follow-ups after bariatric surgery (all P < 0.05), while the SUA level increased at 1 month and started to decrease only at 3 months after the surgery (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
BMI is a useful screening tool for detecting hyperuricemia in patients with obesity and OSA. Our results also demonstrated that bariatric surgery can effectively decrease SUA levels.
The synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protect intestinal barrier dysfunction and apoptosis in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Zheng Weijiang , Zhao Zhuyan , Yan Yunnan , Ding Liren , Yao Wen
Published: January 2023

Background
Lactulose has been considered to be an effective prebiotic protect intestinal mucosal injury in pigs. Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) is known as ‘the king of probiotics’ due to its high stability in the gastrointestinal tract, non-toxic effects, as well as high pharmacological activity. Our previous in vitro study indicating that the combination of lactulose and B. coagulans may be a good candidate as alternative of antibiotic growth promoters. However, the in vivo effects of lactulose and B. coagulans on growth and intestinal health under immune challenge in piglets remains unclear. The objective of this study is to explore the possibility of symbiotic containing lactulose and B. coagulans as alternative of antibiotic growth promoter in piglets and its effects on the intestinal mucosal injury and barrier dysfunction under immune challenge.
Methods
A total of 24 weaned male piglets were randomly assigned to 4 groups: CTR-saline, LPS-LPS, ANT-LPS and SYN-LPS groups, respectively. Piglets in the CTR-saline and LPS-LPS group were fed basal diet, while other piglets were fed either with 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC) or synbiotic mixture of 10 g/kg lactulose and 2×109 CFU/kg B. coagulans for 32 days before intraperitoneal injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 µg/kg BW), respectively. Piglets were sacrificed 4 h after LPS injection to collect samples for determining intestinal morphology, integrity and barrier functions as well as relative genes and protein expression analysis.
Results
Our data shown that dietary supplementation of synbiotic mixture of lactulose and B. coagulans had higher feed efficiency than CTC and CON. Under acute immune stress, LPS injection induced higher serum diamine oxidase activities, D-lactic acid levels, and endotoxin status, lower villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth, greater mRNA and lower protein expression related tight junction in both jejunum and ileum. Moreover, higher apoptosis index and higher protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 were also observed in LPS challenge group. Surprisingly, dietary synbiotic mixture with lactulose and B. coagulans remarkably protected against LPS-induced intestinal damage, barrier dysfunction and higher apoptosis progress as well as CTC.
Conclusions
Our in vivo data suggest that dietary supplementation of synbiotic mixture with lactulose and B. coagulans resulted in higher feed efficiency, and show greater resilience to LPS-induced intestinal morphology damage, barrier dysfunction and aggressive apoptosis in piglets as well as the protective effects of CTC. Those results indicating that synbiotic mixture of lactulose and B. coagulans as novel synbiotic shown beneficial effects on the performance and resilience to acute immune stress in piglets.
Study on the action mechanism of the Fujin Shengji (FJSJ) Powder on diabetic ulcer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Lu Xianying , Ji Wenting , Bai Dingxi , Wu Chenxin , Cai Mingjin , Wang Wei , Hou Chaoming , Gao Jing
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives:Fujin Shengji (FJSJ) Powder is mainly used for treating all kinds of canker sores and gangrene. However, there are relatively few studies on the treatment of diabetic ulcer (DU) with FJSJ Powder, and the mechanism is uncertain. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of FJSJ Powder in the treatment of DU using network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods:The main active ingredients and targets for the FJSJ Powder were obtained from the TCMSP database and the published reports. Diabetic ulcer-related targets were searched from the Genecards, Disgenet, Drugbank, OMIM and TTD database. The intersection targets of FJSJ Powder and diabetic ulcer were considered as potential therapeutic targets. The Metascape online database was used for the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. And then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, herb-ingredient-target-disease (H-I-T-D) network, and herb-ingredient-target-pathway (H-I-T-P) network were constructed. Finally, we used AutoDock Vina and PyMOL software to investigate the molecular docking of the top 15 key active chemical ingredients to the top 15 key target proteins in the PPI network.Result:We collect all the 800 potential targets for 100 active ingredients in FJSJ Powder, 862 diabetic ulcer-related targets, and yielded 196 potential therapeutic targets and 76 key potential therapeutic targets of the FJSJ Powder for DU treatment. A total of 2597 terms of GO enrichment analysis were obtained, including 2284 BP terms, 100 CC terms, and 213 MF terms. A total of 210 enriched KEGG pathways were identied, including AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, HIF-1, MAPK, and TNF signaling pathway. The molecular docking demonstrated that boswellic acid compounds such as AKBA, ABK, α-boswellic acid, β-boswellic acid have low binding energy to several genes.Conclusions:FJSJ Powder regulates DU treatment via a multitarget, component, and signal pathway with a cooperative and bidirectional regulatory mechanism. Its active ingredients may treat DU by regulating the expression of IL6, TNF, AKT1, VEGFA, IL1B, CASP3, PPARG, TP53, and other targets, as well as activating or inhibiting AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, HIF-1, MAPK, and TNF signaling pathways, which exerts immunomodulatory functions, inhibits trauma inflammation and promotes endothelial cell proliferation and migration in order to promote wound healing. This provides new insights for further experiments on the pharmacological effects of FJSJ Powder.
HAT1 regulates the immune microenvironment and promotes the malignant pathology of lower-grade gliomas
Authors: Wang Qingnan , Liu Zhendong , Cheng Xingbo , Wang Hongbo , Liang Wenjia , Zhu Qingyun , Li Pengxu , Gao Yanzheng
Published: January 2023

Histone acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1) is a key regulatory molecule in histone acetylation and promotes cancer malignancy. This study aimed to reveal the role of HAT1 in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) and the potential mechanism by which it mediates pathological processes. We collected transcriptome data and detailed clinicopathological features of 906 LGG patients through TCGA RNA-seq and CGGA RNA-seq. Subsequently, various bioinformatics and molecular biology methods were used to reveal the impact of HAT1 on the prognosis, clinical characteristics, regulatory mechanism, and the potential value of antitumor immunotherapy in patients with LGG. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression level of HAT1 protein or mRNA in LGG tissue was significantly higher than that in non-tumor brain tissue. Furthermore, there is a positive expression relationship between HAT1 and clinical malignant patient characteristics such as IDH-wild and recurrent types. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression revealed that high HAT1 expression could be used as an independent risk factor for reduced overall survival of patients. GSEA analysis showed that HAT1 overexpression promotes the activation of the cell cycle, adherens junctions, and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways in LGG. Finally, the TIMER database showed that HAT1 could promote the increase in multiple immune cell infiltration levels and showed a positive expression relationship with immune checkpoints in LGG. This study provides a potentially high-value target for the antitumor immunotherapy of LGG patients. For the first time, we explain the influence and mechanism of HAT1 on the prognosis of LGG patients to gain insights into the pathogenesis of LGG.
Rural-urban and socio-demographic differentials in perceived health state among aging population in Ghana.
Authors: Boateng Richard , Yawson Alfred Edwin , Adoma Prince Owusu
Published: January 2023

Background
The study sought to examine the effect of rural-urban residence and selected sociodemographic factors on perceived health state among aging population by employing a nationally representative data collected by the WHO from 2014 to 2015.
Methods
Data were derived from the WHO Study on Aging (SAGE) wave 2 released in 2019. A total of 4511 individuals, made up of 1018 adults between 18–49 years and 3493 respondents within the ages of 50 years and above were involved in this study. The study examined the correlations between perceived health, rural-urban residence, age, sex, marital status, ever schooled, and current work state. Subsequently, the study employed an ordinal logistic regression model to test the effect of rural-urban residence, and the demographic variables on perceived health state.
Results
The selected socio-demographic variables significantly correlated with health state, except for rural-urban residence. However, the predictive ability of rural-urban residence and the socio-demographic variables on perceived health state were strongly ascertained. An individual’s current work state (OR = 2.112) was the most significant factor that increases the perceived health state of respondents in the study.
Conclusions
Continues engagement in work-related activities and an individual’s age within the aging continuum may significantly influence the development of positive perception towards health state, which forms a vital constituent of an individual health seeking behavior.
Significance of Serial formative assessment on the teaching learning process
Authors: Sahoo Sibasish , Goswami Kalyan , Sarkar Jit , Dutta Atanu Kumar , Pal Amit , T Sasikala , Biswas Soham , M Satish
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Assessment is an important driving force behind an effective teaching-learning process; since assessment measures the outcome as per the objective of the education, hence it determines the entire lesson plan for apposite alignment with the curriculum. The assessment process steers the learners with a positive pull towards the desired outcome. Both the summative and formative assessments focus on how the individual student display his level of understanding.
Material & Methods
The study design was longitudinal follow-up study. The study was undertaken to find out any positive trend of performance in terms of both cognitive and psychomotor skills of students in successive formative examinations. The study included 50 medical students of first professional batch of AIIMS Kalyani from Department of Biochemistry during 2019-2020. The formative assessment tests included 3 theory examinations, 3 case-based problem-solving (CBP), 4 objectively structured practical examinations (OSPE) and 3 viva-voce, with almost regular time intervals.
Results
Both the results of the theory exams and Case based problem showed gradual significant increase in the percentage of marks from the initial assessment (p<0.01). For psychomotor domain assessment through OSPE, for almost all the classes statistically insignificant but an apparently declining trend has been observed; particularly a significant trailing trend for class 2 learners was found.
Conclusions
Competency-based curriculum needs validation through consistent assessment system. Towards this end the present study might open up new vistas for incorporation of the proper competency-based curriculum aligned with the suitable assessment process to develop an efficient medical education program.