bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hormonoresistance in advanced breast cancer: a new revolution in endocrine therapy
Authors: Augereau Paule , Patsouris Anne , Bourbouloux Emmanuelle , Gourmelon Carole , Abadie Lacourtoisie Sophie , Berton Rigaud Dominique , Soulié Patrick , Frenel Jean Sebastien , Campone Mario
Published: March 2017

Endocrine therapy is the mainstay of treatment of estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer with an overall survival benefit. However, some adaptive mechanisms in the tumor emerge leading to the development of a resistance to this therapy. A better characterization of this process is needed to overcome this resistance and to develop new tailored therapies. Mechanisms of resistance to hormone therapy result in activation of transduction signal pathways, including the cell cycle regulation with cyclin D/CDK4/6/Rb pathway. The strategy of combined hormone therapy with targeted agents has shown an improvement of progression-free survival (PFS) in several phase II or III trials, including three different classes of drugs: mTOR inhibitors, PI3K and CDK4/6 inhibitors. A recent phase III trial has shown that fulvestrant combined with a CDK 4/6 inhibitor doubles PFS in aromatase inhibitor-pretreated postmenopausal ER+ breast cancer. Other combinations are ongoing to disrupt the interaction between PI3K/AKT/mTOR and cyclin D/CDK4/6/Rb pathways. Despite these successful strategies, reliable and reproducible biomarkers are needed. Tumor genomics are dynamic over time, and blood-based biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA represent a major hope to elucidate the adaptive mechanisms of endocrine resistance. The optimal combinations and biomarkers to guide this strategy need to be determined.
Would You Deliver an Electric Shock in 2015? Obedience in the Experimental Paradigm Developed by Stanley Milgram in the 50 Years Following the Original Studies
Authors: Doliński Dariusz , Grzyb Tomasz , Folwarczny Michał , Grzybała Patrycja , Krzyszycha Karolina , Martynowska Karolina , Trojanowski Jakub
Published: March 2017

In spite of the over 50 years which have passed since the original experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram on obedience, these experiments are still considered a turning point in our thinking about the role of the situation in human behavior. While ethical considerations prevent a full replication of the experiments from being prepared, a certain picture of the level of obedience of participants can be drawn using the procedure proposed by Burger. In our experiment, we have expanded it by controlling for the sex of participants and of the learner. The results achieved show a level of participants’ obedience toward instructions similarly high to that of the original Milgram studies. Results regarding the influence of the sex of participants and of the “learner,” as well as of personality characteristics, do not allow us to unequivocally accept or reject the hypotheses offered.
The European Harmonisation in the Sector of Protection of the Environment through Criminal Law: The Results Achieved and Further Needs for Intervention
Authors: Vagliasindi Grazia Maria
Published: March 2017

The article analyses the results achieved by European harmonisation on the protection of the environment through criminal law. The article illustrates the relationship between the needs of harmonisation of environmental criminal legislation and the evolution of ‘European criminal law’. It examines the issue of the correct criteria of ‘European criminal policy’ and analyses the obligations established by the Directive on the protection of the environment through criminal law in the light of these criteria. Based on the results of this analysis, the article identifies the further need for intervention by the European legislator and the basis on which this intervention can be achieved.
Evaluation of a novel technique in airway clearance therapy – Specific Cough Technique (SCT) in cystic fibrosis: A pilot study of a series of N-of-1 randomised controlled trials
Authors: Gursli Sandra , Sandvik Leiv , Bakkeheim Egil , Skrede Bjørn , Stuge Britt
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and participants’ perception of a novel technique in airway clearance therapy – specific cough technique in cystic fibrosis.

Methods:

We conducted randomised controlled individual trials (N-of-1 randomised controlled trials) in six adults. Each trial included 8 weeks of treatment with two interventions each week, one with specific cough technique and one with forced expiration technique. The efficacy was investigated by a blinded assessor measuring wet weight of sputum (g) after each session. Perceived usefulness and preference was self-reported at the end of study. Additional measurements included oxygen saturation and heart rate before and after each session and lung function (week 2).

Results:

Three of six participants produced significantly higher mean sputum weight when using specific cough technique, differences being 21%, 38% and 23%, respectively. In three of the six participants, mean sputum weight was lower after forced expiration technique than after specific cough technique in each of the eight treatment pairs. Participant-reported outcomes were completed in all participants. Specific cough technique was reported to be easier to use in daily treatments and more normalising in everyday life.

Conclusion:

Specific cough technique was well tolerated and accepted by the participants with cystic fibrosis. Specific cough technique was non-inferior to forced expiration technique in terms of sputum production, thus specific cough technique appears to represent a promising alternative for clearing sputum in airway clearance therapy.
Adverse effect profile comparison of pain regimens with and without intravenous acetaminophen in total hip and knee arthroplasty patients
Authors: Gallipani Alyssa , Mathis A Scott , Lee Ghin Hoytin , Fahim Germin
Published: March 2017

Background:

The use of adjunct, non-opioid agents is integral for pain control following total hip and knee arthroplasty. Literature comparing safety profiles of intravenous acetaminophen versus opioids is lacking.

Objective:

To determine whether there is a difference in frequency and type of adverse effects between intravenous acetaminophen–treated and non-intravenous acetaminophen–treated patients. Primary safety endpoints included any adverse effect noted in the electronic medical record post-surgically. Secondary endpoints included changes in laboratory values, vital signs, and pain scores.

Methods:

This is a retrospective, matched, cohort study with data collected from electronic medical records. Adverse effects were collected from progress notes, nursing notes, and post-operative notes. Mean pain score was measured by the 11-point visual analog scale over a 72-h period.

Results:

A total of 609 patients who underwent a total hip or knee replacement were included. In all, 406 patients were treated with intravenous acetaminophen, and 203 patients received medication management without intravenous acetaminophen. More patients treated with intravenous acetaminophen experienced an adverse effect compared to patients who did not receive intravenous acetaminophen (91.63% versus 84.73%; p = 0.012). Mean cumulative acetaminophen exposure was similar in the intravenous acetaminophen group (7704.89 ± 2558.6 versus 7260.1 ± 3016.09 mg; p = 0.07). Mean opioid use was similar in the intravenous acetaminophen group as compared to the non-intravenous acetaminophen group (209.61 ± 555.09 versus 163.89 ± 232.44 mg; p = 0.152). Significantly higher mean pain scores were found in the intravenous acetaminophen group during the 72-h post-surgery period as compared with non-intravenous acetaminophen-treated patients.

Conclusion:

The increased utilization of intravenous acetaminophen in multimodal pain management did not result in an improved safety or tolerability profile or reduced opioid utilization in orthopedic patients.
Tibial fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Teo Wei Wen Timothy , Yeoh Ching Sing Nicholas , Wee Teck Huat Andy
Published: March 2017

Objective:

To determine whether supplementary tibial graft fixation with a staple is routinely necessary for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed a series of consecutive patients who underwent ACL reconstruction at our institution from April 2012 to July 2013. Patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into two groups, of which one with tibial fixation of the graft with a biointerference screw alone (biointerference screw group) and the other with tibial fixation of the graft with a biointerference screw and supplementary extra tunnel staple fixation (biointerference screw and staple group). All the surgeries were performed by a single fellowship-trained sports surgeon, using a standardized transportal technique and rehabilitation protocol. Both well-matched groups were evaluated at 1-year follow-up objectively for ligament laxity using instrumented testing with KT-2000 arthrometer and clinical tests as well as subjectively with the validated International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 (IKDC) and Lysholm knee score. All complications were reported.

Results:

A total of 64 patients (31 in the only biointerference screw group and 33 in the biointerference screw and staple group) were included in the study. At 1 year, there was no significant difference in the objective and subjective outcome assessments between the two groups. However, four patients from the group with supplementary staple experienced symptomatic hardware on kneeling of which two necessitated removal of hardware.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that supplementary tibial graft fixation with a staple is not routinely necessary for ACL reconstructions. It confers no additional benefits when compared with the use of biointerference screw alone for tibial graft fixation but may increase the risks of symptomatic hardware.
Illustration of the Impact of Unmeasured Confounding Within an Economic Evaluation Based on Nonrandomized Data
Authors: Guertin Jason R. , Bowen James M. , De Rose Guy , O’Reilly Daria J. , Tarride Jean-Eric
Published: March 2017

Background: Propensity score (PS) methods are frequently used within economic evaluations based on nonrandomized data to adjust for measured confounders, but many researchers omit the fact that they cannot adjust for unmeasured confounders. Objective: To illustrate how confounding due to unmeasured confounders can bias an economic evaluation despite PS matching. Methods: We used data from a previously published nonrandomized study to select a prematched population consisting of 121 patients (46.5%) who received endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and 139 patients (53.5%) who received open surgical repair (OSR), in which sufficient data regarding eight measured confounders were available. One-to-one PS matching was used within this population to select two PS-matched subpopulations. The Matched PS-Smoking Excluded Subpopulation was selected by matching patients using a PS model that omitted patients’ smoking status (one of the measured confounders), whereas the Matched PS-Smoking Included Subpopulation was selected by matching patients using a PS model that included all eight measured confounders. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were assessed within both subpopulations. Results: Both subpopulations were composed of two different sets of 164 patients. Balance within the Matched PS-Smoking Excluded Subpopulation was achieved on all confounders except for patients’ smoking status, whereas balance within the Matched PS-Smoking Included Subpopulation was achieved on all confounders. Results indicated that the ICER of EVAR over OSR differed between both subpopulations; the ICER was estimated at $157,909 per life-year gained (LYG) within the Matched PS-Smoking Excluded Subpopulation, while it was estimated at $235,074 per LYG within the Matched PS-Smoking Included Subpopulation. Discussion: Although effective in controlling for measured confounding, PS matching may not adjust for unmeasured confounders that may bias the results of an economic evaluation based on nonrandomized data.
Targeted Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Inflammation Detection
Authors: Volz Kevin R. , Evans Kevin D. , Kanner Christopher D. , Buford John A. , Freimer Miriam , Sommerich Carolyn M.
Published: March 2017

Molecular imaging is a form of nanotechnology that enables the noninvasive examination of biological processes in vivo. Radiopharmaceutical agents are used to target biochemical markers, permitting their detection and evaluation. Early visualization of molecular variations indicative of pathophysiological processes can aid in patient diagnoses and management decisions. Molecular imaging is performed by introducing into the body molecular probes, which are often contrast agents that have been nanoengineered to target and tether to molecules, thus enabling their radiologic identification. Through a nanoengineering process, ultrasound contrast agents can be targeted to specific molecules, extending ultrasound’s capabilities from the tissue to molecular level. Molecular ultrasound, or targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound (TCEUS), has recently emerged as a popular molecular imaging technique due to its ability to provide real-time anatomic and functional information without ionizing radiation. However, molecular ultrasound represents a novel form of molecular imaging and consequently remains largely preclinical. This review explores the commonalities of TCEUS across several molecular targets and points to the need for standardization of kinetic behavior analysis. The literature underscores evidence gaps and the need for additional research. The application of TCEUS is unlimited but needs further standardization to ensure that future research studies are comparable.
Industrial–educational collaboration case study for fur design education
Authors: Lee Nahyun , Kim Nayun , Kim Gahyun , Ha Jisoo
Published: March 2017

This paper is a case study on industrial–educational collaboration program between KF and SNU for fur design education. Industrial-educational collaboration program was done by Royal Danish Embassy in South Korea in commemoration of the 55th anniversary of both nations’ diplomatic ties. Major tasks of industrial–educational collaboration are as follows. For 3 years from 2014 to 2016, fur design education workshops and fashion shows were held in Seoul of South Korea and Copenhagen of Denmark under mutual cooperation. The goal of a workshop was development of various and creative fur designs along with popularization of fur industry. It has significance in that it contributed to the development of fur industry through creative fur design education for superior students of the world and provided them with opportunities to expand a scope of design through experiencing materials. Future fur industry and global fashion design are expected to develop with much interest and participation through such a successful industrial–educational collaboration program.
Fast iterative equivalent-layer technique for gravity data processing: A method grounded on excess mass constraint
Authors: Siqueira Fillipe C. L. , Oliveira Jr. Vanderlei C. , Barbosa Valéria C. F.
Published: March 2017

We have developed a new iterative scheme for processing gravity data using a fast equivalent-layer technique. This scheme estimates a 2D mass distribution on a fictitious layer located below the observation surface and with finite horizontal dimensions composed by a set of point masses, one directly beneath each gravity station. Our method starts from an initial mass distribution that is proportional to the observed gravity data. Iteratively, our approach updates the mass distribution by adding mass corrections that are proportional to the gravity residuals. At each iteration, the computation of the residual is accomplished by the forward modeling of the vertical component of the gravitational attraction produced by all point masses setting up the equivalent layer. Our method is grounded on the excess of mass and on the positive correlation between the observed gravity data and the masses on the equivalent layer. Mathematically, the algorithm is formulated as an iterative least-squares method that requires neither matrix multiplications nor the solution of linear systems, leading to the processing of large data sets. The time spent on the forward modeling accounts for much of the total computation time, but this modeling demands a small computational effort. We numerically prove the stability of our method by comparing our solution with the one obtained via the classic equivalent-layer technique with the zeroth-order Tikhonov regularization. After estimating the mass distribution, we obtain a desired processed data by multiplying the matrix of the Green’s functions associated with the desired processing by the estimated mass distribution. We have applied the proposed method to interpolate, calculate the horizontal components, and continue gravity data upward (or downward). Testing on field data from the Vinton salt dome, Louisiana, USA, confirms the potential of our approach in processing large gravity data set over on undulating surface.
Integrated receiver deghosting and closed-loop surface-multiple elimination
Authors: Vrolijk Jan-Willem , Verschuur Eric , Lopez Gabriel
Published: March 2017

Accurate surface-related multiple removal is an important step in conventional seismic processing, and more recently, primaries and surface multiples are separated such that each of them is available for imaging algorithms. Current developments in the field of surface-multiple removal aim at estimating primaries in a large-scale inversion process. Using such a so-called closed-loop process, in each iteration primaries and surface multiples will be updated until they fit the measured data. The advantage of redefining surface-multiple removal as a closed-loop process is that certain preprocessing steps can be included, which can lead to an improved multiple removal. In principle, the surface-related multiple elimination process requires deghosted data as input; thus, the source and receiver ghost must be removed. We have focused on the receiver ghost effect and assume that the source is towed close to the sea surface, such that the source ghost effect is well-represented by a dipole source. The receiver ghost effect is integrated within the closed-loop primary estimation process. Thus, primaries are directly estimated without the receiver ghost effect. After receiver deghosting, the upgoing wavefield is defined at zero depth, which is the surface. We have successfully validated our method on a 2D simulated data and on a 2D subset from 3D broadband field data with a slanted cable.
Time-space-domain mesh-free finite difference based on least squares for 2D acoustic-wave modeling
Authors: Li Bei , Liu Yang , Sen Mrinal K. , Ren Zhiming
Published: March 2017

Finite-difference (FD) methods approximate derivatives through a weighted summation of function values from neighboring nodes. Traditionally, these neighboring nodes are assumed to be distributed regularly, such as in square or rectangular lattices. To improve geometric flexibility, one option is to develop FD in a mesh-free discretization, in which scattered nodes can be placed suitably with respect to irregular boundaries or arbitrarily shaped anomalies without coordinate transformation or forming any triangles or tetrahedra, etc. These mesh-free FDs have had successful applications, especially in computational geoscience. However, they are all space-domain FD schemes, in which FD coefficients are derived by approximating spatial derivatives individually in the space domain. For acoustic-wave modeling, it has been proven that space-domain FD methods normally have higher dispersion error than time-space-domain FD methods, which determine FD coefficients by approximating the time-space-domain dispersion relation. Now, we have developed a time-space-domain mesh-free FD based on minimizing the absolute error of the dispersion relation by least-squares (LS) for 2D acoustic-wave modeling. The matrix used to solve for FD coefficients in our method is determined by the spatial distribution of the nodes in a local FD stencil, whereas the temporal step size and velocity information are considered in the right side of the linear system. This feature of considering both spatial and temporal effects allows our proposed mesh-free LS-based FD to obtain greater temporal accuracy adaptive to different Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy parameters than pure space-domain mesh-free FDs. Under several 2D acoustic scenarios, the advantage was proven by comparing our method with radial-basis-function-generated FD, which is one of the most popular mesh-free FDs and has been applied in elastic wave modeling.
Sparse reflectivity inversion for nonstationary seismic data with surface-related multiples: Numerical and field-data experiments
Authors: Chai Xintao , Wang Shangxu , Tang Genyang
Published: March 2017

Seismic data are nonstationary due to subsurface anelastic attenuation and dispersion effects. These effects, also referred to as the earth’s [Formula: see text]-filtering effects, can diminish seismic resolution. We previously developed a method of nonstationary sparse reflectivity inversion (NSRI) for resolution enhancement, which avoids the intrinsic instability associated with inverse [Formula: see text] filtering and generates superior [Formula: see text] compensation results. Applying NSRI to data sets that contain multiples (addressing surface-related multiples only) requires a demultiple preprocessing step because NSRI cannot distinguish primaries from multiples and will treat them as interference convolved with incorrect [Formula: see text] values. However, multiples contain information about subsurface properties. To use information carried by multiples, with the feedback model and NSRI theory, we adapt NSRI to the context of nonstationary seismic data with surface-related multiples. Consequently, not only are the benefits of NSRI (e.g., circumventing the intrinsic instability associated with inverse [Formula: see text] filtering) extended, but also multiples are considered. Our method is limited to be a 1D implementation. Theoretical and numerical analyses verify that given a wavelet, the input [Formula: see text] values primarily affect the inverted reflectivities and exert little effect on the estimated multiples; i.e., multiple estimation need not consider [Formula: see text] filtering effects explicitly. However, there are benefits for NSRI considering multiples. The periodicity and amplitude of the multiples imply the position of the reflectivities and amplitude of the wavelet. Multiples assist in overcoming scaling and shifting ambiguities of conventional problems in which multiples are not considered. Experiments using a 1D algorithm on a synthetic data set, the publicly available Pluto 1.5 data set, and a marine data set support the aforementioned findings and reveal the stability, capabilities, and limitations of the proposed method.
Numerical simulation of seismic wave propagation in viscoelastic-anisotropic media using frequency-independent Q wave equation
Authors: Zhu Tieyuan
Published: March 2017

Seismic anisotropy is the fundamental phenomenon of wave propagation in the earth’s interior. Numerical modeling of wave behavior is critical for exploration and global seismology studies. The full elastic (anisotropy) wave equation is often used to model the complexity of velocity anisotropy, but it ignores attenuation anisotropy. I have presented a time-domain displacement-stress formulation of the anisotropic-viscoelastic wave equation, which holds for arbitrarily anisotropic velocity and attenuation [Formula: see text]. The frequency-independent [Formula: see text] model is considered in the seismic frequency band; thus, anisotropic attenuation is mathematically expressed by way of fractional time derivatives, which are solved using the truncated Grünwald-Letnikov approximation. I evaluate the accuracy of numerical solutions in a homogeneous transversely isotropic (TI) medium by comparing with theoretical [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values calculated from the Christoffel equation. Numerical modeling results show that the anisotropic attenuation is angle dependent and significantly different from the isotropic attenuation. In synthetic examples, I have proved its generality and feasibility by modeling wave propagation in a 2D TI inhomogeneous medium and a 3D orthorhombic inhomogeneous medium.
Revisiting levees in southern Texas using Love-wave multichannel analysis of surface waves with the high-resolution linear Radon transform
Authors: Ivanov Julian , Miller Richard D. , Feigenbaum Daniel , Morton Sarah L. C. , Peterie Shelby L. , Dunbar Joseph B.
Published: March 2017

Shear-wave velocities were estimated at a levee site by inverting Love waves using the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method augmented with the high-resolution linear Radon transform (HRLRT). The selected site was one of five levee sites in southern Texas chosen for the evaluation of several seismic data-analysis techniques readily available in 2004. The methods included P- and S-wave refraction tomography, Rayleigh- and Love-wave surface-wave analysis using MASW, and P- and S-wave cross-levee tomography. The results from the 2004 analysis revealed that although the P-wave methods provided reasonable and stable results, the S-wave methods produced surprisingly inconsistent shear-wave velocity [Formula: see text] estimates and trends compared with previous studies and borehole investigations. In addition, the Rayleigh-wave MASW method was nearly useless within the levee due to the sparsity of high frequencies in fundamental-mode surface waves and complexities associated with inverting higher modes. This prevented any reliable [Formula: see text] estimates for the levee core. Recent advances in methodology, such as the HRLRT for obtaining higher resolution dispersion-curve images with the MASW method and the use of Love-wave inversion routines specific to Love waves as part of the MASW method, provided the motivation to extend the 2004 original study by using horizontal-component seismic data for characterizing the geologic properties of levees. Contributions from the above-mentioned techniques were instrumental in obtaining [Formula: see text] estimates from within these levees that were very comparable with the measured borehole samples. A Love-wave approach can be a viable alternative to Rayleigh-wave MASW surveys at sites where complications associated with material or levee geometries inhibit reliable [Formula: see text] results from Rayleigh waves.
Creating detailed subsurface models using predictive image-guided well-log interpolation
Authors: Karimi Parvaneh , Fomel Sergey , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2017

Integration of well-log data and seismic data to predict rock properties is an essential but challenging task in reservoir characterization. The standard methods commonly used to create subsurface model do not fully honor the importance of seismic reflectors and detailed structural information in guiding the spatial distribution of rock properties in the presence of complex structures, which can make these methods inaccurate. To overcome initial model accuracy limitations in structurally complex regimes, we have developed a method that uses the seismic image structures to accurately constrain the interpolation of well properties between well locations. A geologically consistent framework provides a more robust initial model that, when inverted with seismic data, delivers a highly detailed yet accurate subsurface model. An application to field data from the North Sea demonstrates the effectiveness of our method, which proves that incorporating the seismic structural framework when interpolating rock properties between wells culminates in the increased accuracy of the final inverted result compared with the standard inversion workflows.
Relationship between national mental health expenditure and quality of care in longer-term psychiatric and social care facilities in Europe: cross-sectional study
Authors: Salisbury Tatiana Taylor , Killaspy Helen , King Michael
Published: March 2017

Background

It is not known whether increased mental health expenditure is associated with better outcomes.

Aims

To estimate the association between national mental health expenditure and (a) quality of longer-term mental healthcare, (b) service users' ratings of that care in eight European countries.

Method

National mental health expenditure (per cent of health budget spent on mental health) was calculated from international sources. Multilevel models were developed to assess associations with quality of care and service user experiences of care using ratings of 171 facility managers and 1429 service users.

Results

Significant positive associations were found between mental health spend and (a) six of seven quality of care domains; and (b) service user autonomy and experiences of care.

Conclusions

Greater national mental health expenditure was associated with higher quality of care and better service user experience.
Prevalence of antenatal and postnatal anxiety: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dennis Cindy-Lee , Falah-Hassani Kobra , Shiri Rahman
Published: March 2017

Background

Maternal anxiety negatively influences child outcomes. Reliable estimates have not been established because of varying published prevalence rates.

Aims

To establish summary estimates for the prevalence of maternal anxiety in the antenatal and postnatal periods.

Method

We searched multiple databases including MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO to identify studies published up to January 2016 with data on the prevalence of antenatal or postnatal anxiety. Data were extracted from published reports and any missing information was requested from investigators. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses.

Results

We reviewed 23 468 abstracts, retrieved 783 articles and included 102 studies incorporating 221 974 women from 34 countries. The prevalence for self-reported anxiety symptoms was 18.2% (95% CI 13.6–22.8) in the first trimester, 19.1% (95% CI 15.9–22.4) in the second trimester and 24.6% (95% CI 21.2–28.0) in the third trimester. The overall prevalence for a clinical diagnosis of any anxiety disorder was 15.2% (95% CI 9.0–21.4) and 4.1% (95% CI 1.9–6.2) for a generalised anxiety disorder. Postnatally, the prevalence for anxiety symptoms overall at 1–24 weeks was 15.0% (95% CI 13.7–16.4). The prevalence for any anxiety disorder over the same period was 9.9% (95% CI 6.1–13.8), and 5.7% (95% CI 2.3–9.2) for a generalised anxiety disorder. Rates were higher in low- to middle-income countries.

Conclusions

Results suggest perinatal anxiety is highly prevalent and merits clinical attention. Research is warranted to develop evidence-based interventions.
Predictors and moderators of treatment outcome in patients receiving multi-element psychosocial intervention for early psychosis: Results from the GET UP pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lasalvia Antonio , Bonetto Chiara , Lenzi Jacopo , Rucci Paola , Iozzino Laura , Cellini Massimo , Comacchio Carla , Cristofalo Doriana , D'Agostino Armando , de Girolamo Giovanni , De Santi Katia , Ghigi Daniela , Leuci Emanuela , Miceli Maurizio , Meneghelli Anna , Pileggi Francesca , Scarone Silvio , Santonastaso Paolo , Torresani Stefano , Tosato Sarah , Veronese Angela , Fioritti Angelo , Ruggeri Mirella ,   the GET UP Group
Published: March 2017

Background

The GET UP multi-element psychosocial intervention proved to be superior to treatment as usual in improving outcomes in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, to guide treatment decisions, information on which patients may benefit more from the intervention is warranted.

Aims

To identify patients' characteristics associated with (a) a better treatment response regardless of treatment type (non-specific predictors), and (b) a better response to the specific treatment provided (moderators).

Method

Some demographic and clinical variables were selecteda priorias potential predictors/moderators of outcomes at 9 months. Outcomes were analysed in mixed-effects random regression models. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01436331.)

Results

Analyses were performed on 444 patients. Education, duration of untreated psychosis, premorbid adjustment and insight predicted outcomes regardless of treatment. Only age at first contact with the services proved to be a moderator of treatment outcome (patients aged ≥35 years had greater improvement in psychopathology), thus suggesting that the intervention is beneficial to a broad array of patients with FEP.

Conclusions

Except for patients aged over 35 years, no specific subgroups benefit more from the multi-element psychosocial intervention, suggesting that this intervention should be recommended to all those with FEP seeking treatment in mental health services.
Motor and mechanical bases of the courtship call of the male treehopper,Umbonia crassicornis
Authors: Miles Carol I. , Allison Brianna E. , Losinger Michael J. , Su Quang T. , Miles Ronald N.
Published: March 2017

This study is a physiological, anatomical, and biophysical analysis of how plant-borne vibrational signals are produced by the treehopper Umbonia crassicornis. During courtship, males and females engage in a vibrational duet, with each producing a characteristic call. For males, this consists of a frequency-modulated tonal signal which is accompanied by rhythmic broad-band clicks. While previous studies described these complex signals in detail, little is known about how they are produced. By combining video recordings, electromyograms, dissections and mechanical modelling, we describe the mechanism by which the male produces his courtship signal. High-speed videos show that the tonal portion of the call is produced by periodic dorso-ventral movements of the abdomen, with a relatively large amplitude oscillation alternating with a smaller oscillation. Electromyograms from the muscles we identified that produce this motion reveal that they fire at half the frequency of the abdominal oscillation, throughout the frequency-modulation of the tonal signal. Adding weight to the abdomen of a calling male reduces the frequency of motion, demonstrating that the abdominal motion is strongly influenced by its mechanical resonance. A mathematical model accounting for this resonance provides excellent qualitative agreement with measurements of both the muscle firing rate recorded electrophysiologically and the oscillatory motion of the abdomen as recorded in the high speed video. The model, electromyograms, and analysis of video recordings further suggest that the frequency modulation of the abdominal response is due to a simultaneous modulation in the muscle firing rate and a fluctuation in stiffness of the abdominal attachment.
An early-life hypoxia event has a long-term impact on protein digestion and growth in European sea bass juvenile
Authors: Zambonino-Infante José L. , Mazurais David , Servili A. , Cahu C. , Vanderplancke G. , Le Bayon N. , Huelvan C. , Claireaux Guy
Published: March 2017

Ocean warming, eutrophication and consequent decrease in oxygen lead to smaller average fish size. Although such responses are well-known in an evolutionary context, involving multiple generations, it appears to be incompatible with current rapid environmental change. Rather, phenotypic plasticity could provide a means for marine fish to cope with rapid environmental changes. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying plastic responses to environmental conditions that favour small phenotypes.

Our aim was to investigate how and why European sea bass that had experienced a short episode of moderate hypoxia during their larval stage subsequently exhibited a growth depression at the juvenile stage compared to the control group.

We examined whether energy was used to cover higher costs for maintenance, digestion or activity metabolisms, as a result of differing metabolic rate. The lower growth was not a consequence of lower feed intake.

We measured several respirometry parameters and we only found a higher SDA (Specific Dynamic Action) duration and lower SDA amplitude in a fish phenotype with lower growth; this phenotype was also associated with a lower protein digestive capacity in the intestine.

Our results contribute to the understanding of the observed decrease in growth in response to climate change. They demonstrate that the reduced growth of juvenile fishes as a consequence of an early-life hypoxia event was not due to a change of fish aerobic scope, but to a specific change in the efficiency of protein digestive functions. The question remains of whether this effect is epigenetic and could be reversible in the offspring.
Relative colour cues improve colour constancy in birds
Authors: Olsson Peter , Kelber Almut
Published: March 2017

A ripe strawberry looks red to our eyes in sunlight and in the green light of a forest, although the spectrum of light reflected from its surface differs dramatically. This is caused by two effects, colour constancy, and our ability to learn relative colour cues: the ripe strawberry remains relatively "redder" than an unripe green strawberry. While colour constancy - the ability to recognize colours in shifted illumination - has been studied in many animals, the use of relative colour cues is investigated more rarely. In a previous study on chickens, we measured how large illumination shifts their colour constancy mechanisms tolerate without reliable relative colour cues. Here, we show that chickens remain colour-constant over larger illumination shifts, if they can use such relative colour cues. As relative colour cues are readily available in natural environments, we suggest that their use contributes strongly to colour constancy performance in nature.
Ultrasonic-Microwave Heating Synthesis and Latent Fingerprint Development of Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Huang Rui , Chen Hongyu , Xia Zhining
Published: March 2017

Based on the features of ultrasonic and microwave radiation methods, bovine serum albumin-protected gold nanoclusters have been efficiently synthesized in a novel fashion via ultrasonic-microwave heating. The experimental results show that the mean diameter of Au NCs is about 3.3 nm. In particular, Au NCs are found to reach a high quantum yield of 7.1%. The prepared Au NCs powders are utilized to develop latent fingermarks. With the self-assembly development observation system, fingermarks, even the old fingermarks emit orange-red fluorescence and show clear ridge details. Consequently, developing old fingermarks deposited on different surfaces with Au NCs is an efficient and green method.
Questions on unusual Mimivirus-like structures observed in human cells
Authors: Lusi Elena Angela , Maloney Dan , Caicci Federico , Guarascio Paolo
Published: March 2017

Background: Mimiviruses or giant viruses that infect amoebas have the ability to retain the Gram stain, which is usually used to colour bacteria. There is some evidence suggesting that Mimiviruses can also infect human cells. Guided by these premises, we performed a routine Gram stain on a variety of human specimens to see if we could detect the same Gram positive blue granules that identify Mimiviruses in the amoebas. Methods: We analysed 24 different human specimens (liver, brain, kidney, lymph node and ovary) using Gram stain histochemistry, electron microscopy immunogold, high resolution mass spectrometry and protein identification. Results: We detected in the human cells Gram positive granules that were distinct from bacteria. The fine blue granules displayed the same pattern of the Gram positive granules that diagnose Mimiviruses in the cytoplasm of the amoebas. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of human Mimiviruses-like structures and mass spectrometry identified histone H4 peptides, which had the same footprints as giant viruses. However, some differences were noted: the Mimivirus-like structures identified in the human cells were ubiquitous and manifested a distinct mammalian retroviral antigenicity. Conclusions: Our main hypotheses are that the structures could be either giant viruses having a retroviral antigenicity or ancestral cellular components having a viral origin. However, other possible alternatives have been proposed to explain the nature and function of the newly identified structures.
MOTION ACTIVITY OF AIRWAY CILIATED EPITHELIUM IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA
Authors: Луценко Михаил , Lutsenko Mikhail
Published: March 2017

At asthma in bronchial mucous tunic as a result of chronic inflammatory process the working of mucociliary system is disturbed and there is restructuring of epithelial layer. The number of ciliary cells at the severe form of asthma decreases till 70%. The reason of restructuring of ciliated epithelium is the accumulation of a big number of fatty acids peroxides in the mucous tunic. Under their influence there is a decrease of activity of succinate dehydrogenase and ATP in the basal bodies of ciliary cells. Under the severe form of asthma there is a suppression of activity of mucociliary clearance as a result of destruction of a big number of bronchial mucosa ciliated cells.
THE CHANGES IN CYTOKINS LEVEL AT THE EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC SIMPLE BRONCHITIS CAUSED BY VIRUS OF PARAINFLUENZA OF THE THIRD TYPE IN WOMEN IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Колосов Артем , Kolosov Artem , Смирнова Татьяна , Smirnova Tatyana , Резник Вадим , Reznik Vadim , Одиреев Андрей , Odireev Andrey , Гориков Игорь , Gorikov Igor , Нахамчен Леонид , Nakhamchen Leonid , Колосов Виктор , Kolosov Viktor , Карапетян Елена , Karapetyan Elena
Published: March 2017

The contents of interleukin-4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the blood serum were studied in 89 women in the first trimester of pregnancy. The first group (control) was made out of 25 women with uncomplicated pregnancy; the second had 23 women with the exacerbation of chronic simple bronchitis caused by parainfluenza of the 3rd type with antibody titer 1:16-1:64; the third one consisted of 21 patients with the exacerbation of chronic simple bronchitis induced by parainfluenza infection with antibody titers 1:32-1:128; the fourth group had 20 women with exacerbation of chronic simple bronchitis of parainfluenza etiology with antibody titer 1:64-1:256 at early stages of gestation. In the second group in comparison with the first one there were higher contents of IL-4: 21.1±2.00 pg/ml and INF-γ: 29.5±2.31 pg/ml than in the control group: 12.9±1.16 pg/ml (р<0.001) and 22.3±2.08 pg/ml (р<0.05), respectively. In the third group in comparison with the first one there were higher values of IL-4 (the growth by 132.6%, р<0.001), TNF-α (by 36%, p<0.01) and IFN-γ (by 43%, p<0.01). The patients in the fourth group in comparison with the third one did not have significant differences in TNF-α and IFN-γ. Buy there was the decrease of the level of IL-4 by 11.3% (р<0.05) that shows the imbalance of cytokines in women with exacerbation of chronic simple bronchitis caused by parainfluenza of the third type with antibody titer 1:64-1:256 at early stages of gestation. This may lead to persistent course of infectious-inflammatory process as well as to autoimmune damage of vital organs and the formation of initial placental insufficiency.
PULMONARY EMBOLISM IN THE ONSET OF GENETIC HEMATOGENICAL THROMBOPHILIA
Authors: Филатова Екатерина , Filatova Ekaterina , Ландышев Юрий , Landyshev Yuriy , Гоборов Николай , Goborov Nikolay , Войцеховский Валерий , Voytsekhovskiy Valeriy
Published: March 2017

Hematogenous thrombophilia is often encountered in the clinical practice of doctors of all specialties. The article presents current data on the diagnostic of this pathology. In most cases pulmonary embolism is a clinical onset of hereditary hematogenous thrombophilia. According to the authors of this article, pulmonary embolism occurred in 60% of surveyed patients with hereditary thrombophilia hematogenous. Current antithrombotic therapy is quite effective in this category of patients. Three cases of personal experience of the authors when there was diagnosed a combined form of hematogenous thrombophilia with serious thrombotic complications in anamnesis are shown. Adequate secondary prevention of thrombosis contributed to further disease-free course of the disease.
Dioxide plutonium-239 in the lung. Report 1: Metabolism 239PuO2 with intratracheal administration
Authors: Парфенова  , Parfenova I. , Калистратова  , Kalistratova V. , Жорова  , Zhorova E. , Самойлов  , Samoylov Alyeksandr , Беляев  , Belyaev I. , Тищенко  , Tishchenko G.
Published: March 2017

Purpose: Investigation of macro and micro distribution of 239PuO2 in the lungs of rats and metabolic parameters taking into account the variability of initial bronchoalveolar deposits. Materials and methods: Plutonium dioxide was single introduced intracheal into nonlinear male rats in the amount of 100 kBq / kg of body weight. The experimental animals were observed during their life. Lifetime measurement of radioactivity of the body and excreta and posthumous radiometry of organs were made. Auto and histoautoradiografic study of lungs and lymph nodes were performed. Results: 239PuO2 particles are removed from the respiratory organs most intensively during the first 7 days. Slowing of metabolic processes is observed in the period from 7 to 200 days. The data on post-mortem 239PuO2 content in the lungs and regional lymph nodes of rats indicate a decrease of the content of plutonium dioxide in the lungs and no reduction in the lymph nodes with time. Three periods of effective half-life of plutonium dioxide from the lungs were experimentally identified and calculated. These values indicate that the parameters of the respiratory clearance depend on the value of the initial radionuclide bronchoalveolar deposits. Conclusions: Сonsiderable variability of plutonium dioxide content in the lungs and regional lymph nodes of rats following intratracheal administration has been shown. Neven distribution of 239PuO2 with the expressed α-particle aggregation assumes a significant difference in the local fabric of absorbed radiation doses in the lungs, but does not exclude the possibility of their calculation on the respiratory system as a whole. Options clearance from the respiratory 239PuO2 correspond to the values of the initial bronchoalveolar deposits. The cleansing light of plutonium dioxide, in contrast to its soluble compounds, the role of radionuclide transport blood to other organs and tissues is not of great impotance . The results presented plutonium dioxide metabolism studies administered intratracheally, testifies to the fact that the implementation of the biological effects of the compounds can be expected mainly in the lungs. Evidence about the profile respiratory disease will be presented in a subsequent communication.