bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental factors affecting water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) assemblage in streams, Mangde Chhu basin, central Bhutan
Authors: Gurung Mer Man , Dorji Cheten , B. Gurung Dhan , Smit Harry
Published: October 2022

Water mites were sampled from 15 tributary streams of Mangde Chhu river in Zhemgang and Trongsa districts, Central Bhutan in pre-monsoon (April–May) and post-monsoon (October–November) of 2021. A total of 802 individuals were collected belonging to seven families and 15 genera. The accumulation curve suggests that the sampling efforts were adequate to give a proper overview of genera composition for elevations 500–2,700 m. Eleven genera—Aturus, Kongsbergia, Woolastookia, Atractides, Hygrobates, Lebertia, Piona, Sperchonopsis, Monatractides, Pseudotorrenticola and Testudacarus—and five families—Aturidae, Hygrobatidae, Lebertiidae, Pionidae, and Protziinae—are new records for Bhutan. Independent sample t-tests of genera richness (t, (26) = 0.244, p = 0.809); genera evenness (t, (26) = 0.735, p = 0.469); Shannon diversity index (t, (26) = 0.315, p = 0.755) and dominance (t, (26) = -0.335, p = 0.741) showed no significant differences between pre- and post-monsoon assemblages. Species abundance was also not significantly different (t, (28) = -0.976, p = 0.330). Principal component analysis indicated that the diversity of water mites is negatively associated with several environmental variables including chloride (r = -0.617), ammonia (r = -0.603), magnesium hardness (r = -0.649), total hardness (r = -0.509), temperature (r = -0.556), salinity (r = -0.553), total dissolved solids (r = -0.509) and electrical conductivity (r = -0.464). Diversity was positively correlated with altitude, mainly caused by the higher Palaearctic genera diversity. Similarly, Pearson’s correlation test showed that there was significant negative correlation between mite abundance and the water physio-chemical parameters salinity (r = -0.574, p = 0.032), electrical conductivity (r = -0.536, p = 0.048), total dissolved solids (r = -0.534, p = 0.049), total hardness (r = -0.621, p = 0.018), and chloride concentration (r = -0.545, p = 0.036), indicating sensitivity of water mites to pollution.
A coastal population of Honey Badger Mellivora capensis at Chilika Lagoon in the Indian east coast
Authors: Adhya Tiasa , Dey Partha
Published: October 2022

We report the presence of the Honey Badger Mellivora capensis from Chilika lagoon, state of Odisha, on the Indian East coast for the first time. Despite being catholic in its habitat choice, it is mainly associated with more arid landscapes comprising savanna, shrubland and desert. Chilika is a coastal lagoon drained by river Mahanadi, and, is situated in the Northern Deccan Plateau ecoregion, which is characterized by dry deciduous forests situated in the rain shadow of the Eastern Ghats mountain range. Chilika is mainly a wet landscape with many portions experiencing seasonal inundation. The lagoon probably gives refuge to an extension of the Eastern Ghats Honey Badger population.
Impact of Vitamin D3 Versus Placebo on Cardiac Structure and Function: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chandra Alvin , Picard Michael H. , Huang Shi , Gupta Deepak K. , Agusala Kartik , Buring Julie E. , Lee I‐Min , Cook Nancy R. , Manson JoAnn E. , Thadhani Ravi I. , Wang Thomas J.
Published: October 2022

Background

Vitamin D supplementation leads to regression of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and improves LV function in animal models. However, limited data exist from prospective human studies. We examined whether vitamin D supplementation improved cardiac structure and function in midlife/older individuals in a large randomized trial.

Methods and Results

The VITAL (Vitamin D and OmegA‐3 Trial) was a nationwide double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized trial that tested the effects of vitamin D3 (2000 IU/d) and n−3 fatty acids (1 g/d) on cardiovascular and cancer risk in 25 871 individuals aged ≥50 years. We conducted a substudy of VITAL in which participants underwent echocardiography at baseline and 2 years. Images were interpreted by a blinded investigator at a central core laboratory. The primary end point was change in LV mass. Among 1054 Greater Boston–area participants attending in‐clinic visits, we enrolled 1025 into this study. Seventy‐nine percent returned for follow‐up and had analyzable echocardiograms at both visits. At baseline, the median age was 64 years (interquartile range, 60–69 years), 52% were men, and 43% had hypertension. After 2 years, the change in LV mass did not significantly differ between the vitamin D and placebo arms (median +1.4 g versus +2.6 g, respectively;
P
=0.32). Changes in systolic and diastolic LV function also did not differ significantly between arms. There were no significant changes in cardiac structure and function between the n−3 fatty acids and placebo arms.

Conclusions

Among adults aged ≥50 years, neither vitamin D3 nor n−3 fatty acids supplementation had significant effects on cardiac structure and function after 2 years.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
; Unique identifiers: NCT01169259 (VITAL) and NCT01630213 (VITAL‐Echo)
God Extra-Phenomenal
Authors: Falque Emmanuel , Steinmann Jan Juhani
Published: October 2022

What does God do with the “holes” or “troumatisms” that comprise the limits of our existence, that “original solitude” whereby we are confronted with the impending annihilation of all sense? Are we left enclosed in it or does God accompany us there? This essay considers to what extent Christ’s descent on Holy Saturday takes part in the extra-phenomenal “impossibility of possibility” of this original solitude. Such a consideration requires distinguishing between that “underworld” Christ descends to on the Second Day from the sin that is the proper domain of “hell.” Christ descending to the underworld marks God entering our finitude so it may be transformed (Holy Saturday) rather than our faults so that we may be resurrected (Last Judgment). Philosophically, Holy Saturday, as the ab-sense and non-sense residing between Crucifixion (Good Friday) and Resurrection (Easter Sunday), exemplifies the extra-phenomenal in which nothing is manifested (phenomenology) nor signified (hermeneutics). This intermediate realm is then one in which God comes to meet us at the limit of our own finitude.
A Humble Vessel for the Water of Life
Authors: Phillip Filiz Çakır
Published: October 2022

This essay explores the form and function of drinking vessels and their role and meaning in relationship to Arabic and Persian inscriptions within Islamic metalwork. The focus is a thirteenth-century jug from the Aga Khan Museum Collection. While similar jugs have been variously considered as vessels for water, wine, or sherbet, the anonymous epigrapher of the bilingual inscriptions on this example refers to water as the “water of life” (Pers. āb-e ḥayāt). These inscriptions prompt an examination of the relationship between object, image, and text in connection with water, an elixir of long or eternal life, in both a secular setting and a courtly context.
Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information: Improving Monitoring and Forecasts of Precipitation, Streamflow, and Coastal Flooding in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Cifelli Rob , Chandrasekar V. , Herdman L. , Turner D. D. , White A. B. , Alcott T. I. , Anderson M. , Barnard P. , Biswas S. K. , Boucher M. , Bytheway J. , Chen H. , Cutler H. , English J. M. , Erikson L. , Junyent F. , Gottas D. J. , Jasperse J. , Johnson L. E. , Krebs J. , van de Lindt J. , Kim J. , Leon M. , Ma Y. , Marquis M. , Moninger W. , Pratt G. , Radhakrishnan C. , Shields M. , Spaulding J. , Tehranirad B. , Webb R.
Published: October 2022

Advanced Quantitative Precipitation Information (AQPI) is a synergistic project that combines observations and models to improve monitoring and forecasts of precipitation, streamflow, and coastal flooding in the San Francisco Bay Area. As an experimental system, AQPI leverages more than a decade of research, innovation, and implementation of a statewide, state-of-the-art network of observations, and development of the next generation of weather and coastal forecast models. AQPI was developed as a prototype in response to requests from the water management community for improved information on precipitation, riverine, and coastal conditions to inform their decision-making processes. Observation of precipitation in the complex Bay Area landscape of California’s coastal mountain ranges is known to be a challenging problem. But, with new advanced radar network techniques, AQPI is helping fill an important observational gap for this highly populated and vulnerable metropolitan area. The prototype AQPI system consists of improved weather radar data for precipitation estimation; additional surface measurements of precipitation, streamflow, and soil moisture; and a suite of integrated forecast modeling systems to improve situational awareness about current and future water conditions from sky to sea. Together these tools will help improve emergency preparedness and public response to prevent loss of life and destruction of property during extreme storms accompanied by heavy precipitation and high coastal water levels—especially high-moisture laden atmospheric rivers. The Bay Area AQPI system could potentially be replicated in other urban regions in California, the United States, and worldwide.
The Hunt for Missing Tornadoes: Using Satellite Imagery to Detect and Document Historical Tornado Damage in Canadian Forests
Authors: Kunkel Joanne , Hanesiak John , Sills David
Published: October 2022

Historical tornado events from 1982 to 2020 were documented within Canada’s forested regions using high-resolution satellite imagery. Tornado forest disturbances were identified using a three-step process: 1) detecting, 2) assessing, and 3) dating each event. A grid of 120 km × 120 km boxes was created covering Canada (excluding the extreme north). Of the 484 boxes, 367 were manually searched. Once a long, narrow region of tree damage was detected, it was first cross-referenced with known tornado databases to ensure it was a unique event. Once events were classified as either tornadic or downburst, the coordinates of the start, worst damage, and end locations were documented, as well as the direction of motion, damage indicators, degree of damage, estimated maximum wind speed, and F/EF-scale rating. In total, 231 previously unknown tornadoes were identified. In Ontario, 103 events were discovered, followed by 98 in Quebec, 9 in Manitoba, 6 in Saskatchewan, 9 in Alberta, 5 in British Columbia, and 1 in New Brunswick. The largest number of discovered tornadoes occurred in 2015, and the largest number of strong F2 tornadoes occurred in 2005. Most of the discovered tornadoes occurred in July for both F/EF1 and F/EF2 ratings. Most tornado tracks had widths between 200 and 400 m, and more than 50% of the tornadoes had a pathlength of less than 10 km. Of all the events that were discovered, 125 events could be fully dated, 19 were dated only by month, 41 were dated only by year, and 46 remained undated.
Responses of Coastal Upwelling to Tidally Induced Bottom Friction Dynamics and Plume-Modulated Geostrophy: A Process-Oriented Modeling Study
Authors: Cheng Weicong , Gan Jianping
Published: October 2022

We used a high-resolution cross-shelf two-dimensional numerical model to investigate the response of coastal wind-driven upwelling circulation to barotropic tidal forcing and lateral buoyant discharge over a broad continental shelf. We found that the tidally amplified asymmetric friction effect arising from the interaction between tidal and subtidal currents modulated the upwelling structure across the shelf. The interaction weakened the water outcropping (upwelling) in the inner shelf due to tidally amplified mixing, but enhanced cross-shore velocity offshore due to tidally induced asymmetric friction effect and nonlinear advection. The enhanced mixing changed the density in the bottom boundary layer and subsequently in the upwelling front, which eventually weakened the geostrophic alongshore flow. The mass and stratification inputs of the lateral buoyant discharge weakened or even reversed geostrophic dynamics for alongshore and upslope transports. The reversed cross-shore density and elevation gradient induced by the buoyant influx weakened the alongshore current and the associated bottom friction effect. The upslope cross-shore transport was reduced due to weakened alongshore flow and the associated bottom Ekman transport. The mass of buoyant influx compensated for the wind-driven offshore transport in the upper layer. The upwelling could be reversed to downwelling when the transport of lateral influx exceeded the wind-driven offshore transport. The responses of upwelling circulation to tidal and lateral buoyancy forcing highlighted in this process-oriented study are fundamental for interpreting more complex wind-driven shelf circulation.
Two Quasi-Linear Convective Systems, Their Mesoscale Structure and Moisture Sources
Authors: Hitchcock Stacey M. , Lane Todd P.
Published: October 2022

Over half of the total rainfall and more than 70% of heavy and extreme rainfall in the Melbourne, Australia, region occurs on days with linearly organized precipitation. These systems are typically convective in nature and frequently associated with cold fronts. It is useful to understand the processes that support extreme rainfall in organized convection, for prediction of both near-term and future extreme rainfall, and the topography and climate of Melbourne are different from many of the regions where QLCSs have been studied more extensively (e.g., the U. S. Great Plains region). On both 7 and 8 December 2010, a QLCS passed through the Melbourne region. Both QLCSs resembled classic systems on radar, but heavy rainfall was much more widespread on the second day. The goals of this work are to 1) understand the processes that drive these seemingly similar QLCSs; 2) explore the relationship between the convective inflow layer and moisture sources; and 3) to better understand the characteristics of rain bearing systems in the Melbourne region, which have received little attention to date. A convection-permitting WRF-ARW simulation captures both events. The mesoscale structure is different in each case, but generally is explainable by the existing theory. The development of a mesoscale downdraft, along with more moisture (and CAPE) over a deeper layer, contributed to higher rainfall totals on the second day. Low-level moisture in the QLCS region comes from the east, and parcel trajectories become increasingly westerly with height. On the second day some parcels originate in the tropics; these tend to have the most moisture.

Significance Statement

A lot of the rain that falls in Melbourne, Australia, occurs in storms that are grouped or “organized” in the shape of a line. Many studies have looked at how lines of storms work in other places in the world. In southeast Australia, only one study in the 1980s looked at observations of a line of storms. Since then, our understanding of storms and our ability to use computer models to simulate them has improved considerably. In this study we simulate two lines of storms that happened two days in a row. We found that even though they looked similar on weather radar, they had many differences including how air flows through the storm, the role of rain-cooled air, and where moisture comes from.
Toward Coequality of the Social Sciences in the National Climate Assessment
Authors: Maxwell Keely , Eisenhauer Emily , Lustig Allyza
Published: October 2022

Integration of the social sciences into climate assessments enhances report content and actionable science. The literature has identified the benefits and challenges in achieving coequal intellectual partnerships between the social and biogeophysical sciences in climate research. Less has been written on how to rectify the issue in the particular institutional context of a climate assessment. This article uses qualitative research methods to analyze social science integration in the United States’ Fourth National Climate Assessment. It presents findings from focus groups held with social science– and nonsocial science–trained report authors. It finds that knowledge governance, or the formal and informal mechanisms shaping how information is produced and used, and cultural worldviews about the role of social sciences in assessments and assessments in society, affected social science integration. Report authors’ principal orientation toward the social sciences was as a means of achieving what they saw as the assessment’s public function, namely, to support education, decision-making, and action. Author expertise, report framing, and knowledge systems were other key themes that emerged. Based on this analysis, we propose potential pathways toward coequal intellectual partnerships in assessments by expanding the diversity of chapter teams’ expertise, enhancing connections between authors and society, reconsidering report framing, and broadening inclusion of knowledge systems. We also discuss the potential role of applying social science theories and methods throughout the report life cycle from framing and engagement to evaluation.

Significance Statement

We wanted to understand why the Fourth U.S. National Climate Assessment used the social sciences as it did in order to identify opportunities and obstacles for enhancing social science inclusion. To do so, we held focus groups with assessment authors on their experiences with writing the report. This approach lends insight into the evolving integration of social sciences in climate assessments. Its implications for how to better integrate the social and biogeophysical sciences may be of particular interest to authors and managers of global change assessments and to other readers working on interdisciplinary climate research projects. Future studies could investigate similarities and differences in incorporating the social sciences into global, national, and state-level assessments.
Assessing the Impact of Hands-Free Georgia on Serious Motor Vehicle Accidents
Authors: Wehrle Chase J. , Quinones Patricia Martinez , Smith Hallie T. , Fox Elizabeth D. , Holsten Steven B. , Lawson Andrew
Published: October 2022

Background

Hands-Free Georgia Law (HB673) was designed to prevent motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) by banning drivers from using their hands for non-driving-related activities, including cell phone use. We investigate HB673 effect on trauma activations secondary to MVCs in Georgia.

Methods

The Georgia Trauma Registry (GTR) was queried for MVCs from 2017 to 2019, representing the 18 months prior and following implementation of HB673. The number of MVCs for each period and severity of MVC designated by the average injury severity score (ISS) for each trauma activation were collected.

Results

Prior to implementation, a total of 43 080 traumas were recorded in GTR, 11 111 (25.8%) were attributed to an MVC. Following implementation, 12 130 (23.6%) occurred secondary to MVCs. Statewide MVC-related traumas per 1000 residents increased from 1.07 to 1.14 with increased mortality rate and unchanged median ISS per MVC.

Conclusions

The Hands-Free Georgia Law seems to have not had a major reduction in mortality in its early implementation.
Examining Processes of Care Redesign: Direct Observation of Group Well-Child Care
Authors: Gresh Ashley , Hofley Carolyn , Acosta Jennifer , Mendelson Tamar , Kennedy Caitlin , Platt Rheanna
Published: October 2022

We sought to describe processes of psychosocial screening and discussion with immigrant Latino families in the context of group well-child care. We conducted longitudinal direct observations of the 1-, 2-, 4-, and 6-month visits of 7 group well-child care cohorts at an academic pediatric clinic using unstructured observations of visit and group processes as well as structured observations to code facilitators’ behavior. A range of psychosocial and social determinants of health topics were incorporated into discussions. In general, providers skillfully navigated group discussions, but inconsistently introduced the visit purpose. Asking participants to define psychosocial terms (eg, stress) and conversations about managing fussy infants were effective strategies to engage families in psychosocial discussions (eg, about postpartum depression). Some challenges with workflow were identified. Strategies to enhance screening and discussion of psychosocial topics may benefit from adaptation to maximize the effectiveness of this care mechanism.
The Editor’s Note: There’s opportunity in the middle
Authors: Preston Teresa
Published: October 2022

School accountability programs tend to focus on students’ academic performance, as measured by standardized tests, But, as the authors in the November issue of Kappan explain, this presents an incomplete picture. Teresa Preston summarizes the arguments made in the issue on “Reframing Accountability.” These include discussions of limitations of testing, the need for other accountability measures, the use of data to promote improvement, and the importance of capacity building in any accountability system.
Beyond ‘good’ and ‘bad’: Disrupting narratives about school quality
Authors: Noonan James , Schneider Jack
Published: October 2022

Parents and the public use accountability data to judge if schools are doing a good or a bad job educating their students. However, using the current data, schools perceived as “good” tend to be in better-resourced districts and enroll higher percentages of wealthy and white students. Schools perceived as “bad” tend to be in more economically oppressed districts and enroll higher percentages of low-income students and students of color. James Noonan and Jack Schneider suggest more equitable collection of better and more nuanced data about schools can provide more complete pictures of strengths and weaknesses and could offer a way to spur investment in under resourced schools.
School accountability: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow
Authors: Finn Chester E.
Published: October 2022

Results-based school accountability has been the linchpin of education reform in the United States for at least two decades. But the COVID-19 pandemic led many schools, states, and districts to put their testing and accountability programs on hold. Chester E. Finn, Jr., argues that it is time for the accountability holiday to end and makes recommendations for how to ensure the accountability programs are effective. Requirements for effective accountability include rigorous standards; assessments and other metrics; consequences for failing to meet, meeting, and exceeding standards; and the capacity to make changes needed to improve.
Be accountable for teacher diversity
Authors: Ruiz Rudy , Connolly Faith
Published: October 2022

Rudy Ruiz and Faith Connolly propose a new accountability measure that captures the percentage of students in a school that have a teacher of a similar ethno-racial background. The measure would hold school districts accountable for the percentage of students who have a teacher who looks like them. Adding this measure would bring attention to recruiting and retaining teachers of color and improve outcomes for students of color.
Bookshelf: Kappan authors on their favorite reads
Authors: Hodge Emily
Published: October 2022

In this regular column, Kappan authors recommend books and articles that have influenced them. Emily Hodge’s book is Dog Whistle Politics by Ian Haney López, which she says makes concrete and explicit how politicians can activate and exploit people’s fear for their own political gain. Jack Schneider’s choice is Seeing Like a State by James C. Scott. The book, he says, helped him understand the relationship between educational policy and practice in new ways.
The liturgy of triumph: victory culture, popular rituals, and the US way of wartiming
Authors: Hom Andrew R , Campbell Luke
Published: October 2022

Wartime is fundamentally important to the study of international politics but not especially well understood. In this paper, we use timing theory and the concept of liturgy to unpack the contemporary dynamics of US wartime. A theory of political timing posits that all temporalities derive from and symbolize underlying social processes, and that these timing efforts unfold according to a master organizing standard. Liturgy highlights the way that ritualized acts help participants commune with the sacred – whether this be God or the nation-state. Scrutinizing contemporary US culture practices, we combine these ideas to argue that the notion of victory, as enacted through a widespread set of performative routines, acts as an organizing standard that embeds and reifies wartime in US security policy and daily life. Prevalent ideals of winning wars gather together a stylized past, explicate present problems, and generate expectations about future problems and conflicts. We tabulate several highly influential examples of this liturgy of triumph from national calendars, commemorative sites and events, and cultural practices like spectator sports. In addition to normalizing a view of wartime as having clear beginnings and uniquely successful endings, the US liturgy of triumph highlights a growing gap in the country’s relationship to the use of force. Most of what performative war liturgies commemorate is ‘finished’; it has been seen, known, and ostensibly won. Yet, much of what defines 21st century conflict is anything but certain or victorious. Moreover, US victory culture has only grown more acute the longer the concrete victories fail to materialize, suggesting a tragic code at the heart of US security politics.
Blood reservation and utilisation practice for Caesarean section in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Shiru Mariam Motunrayo , Abdul Ishaq Funsho , Ubom Akaninyene Eseme , Olabinjo Afusat Odunola , Oriji Peter Chibuzor , Fiebai Preye Owen
Published: October 2022

Most blood units routinely cross-matched for patients undergoing Caesarean section (CS) in Nigeria are not used for transfusion. Over-ordering increases blood wastage, blood bank running costs, surgery costs and waiting times. A one-year review of all CS performed in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Nigeria, was thus conducted to evaluate blood reservation and utilisation practice. Efficiency of blood utilisation was evaluated using a cross-match to transfusion (C/T) ratio, transfusion probability (TP) and transfusion index (TI). The overall C/T ratio, TP and blood wastage were, respectively, 3.1, 24.6%, and 68%, indicative of inefficient blood utilisation. Establishing a Maximal Surgical Blood Order Schedule (MSBOS), which estimates the units of blood required for specific CS indications, is recommended to minimise blood over-ordering. Blood grouping alone should be done for patients at low risk for transfusion. For moderate risk patients, blood type and screen without cross-matching should be done, reserving cross-matching for high-risk patients.
The Attraction of Anti-intellectualism: Appropriation of Journalism Ideology in Media Education
Authors: McDevitt Michael
Published: October 2022

This study considers the possibility that students are subversive actors in a hidden curriculum of anti-intellectualism. Mass communication provides the arena in which intellectuals are held up to public judgment, and consequently media education represents a promising context for observing the enculturation of resentment. The hidden curriculum framework incorporates three sources of influence: socio-demographics, student-oriented anti-intellectualism (impatience with education, disliking instructors), and three dimensions of journalism ideology: the consumer-oriented and loyal roles and accountability to the public. Data are drawn from questionnaires distributed to undergraduates at five U.S. colleges with comprehensive programs in journalism and mass communication (JMC). Republican identity, student anti-intellectualism, and journalism ideology predict support for news media exposing faculty as subversive. The study concludes with suggestions for future research on how JMC education, from a comparative perspective, could be vulnerable to anti-intellectual incursions depending on media system and populist climate.
Examining gender difference in disordered eating behaviour and its associated factors among college and university students in Sarawak
Authors: Cheah Whye Lian , Shin Edmund Chin Vui , Hazmi Helmy
Published: October 2022

Background: Disordered eating is common among late adolescents and young adults who pursue an idealised body image. Aims: This study aims to determine the prevalence of disordered eating between males and females and its associated factors among college and university students in Sarawak. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 20 public and private colleges and universities in Sarawak, from September 2017 to March 2020. Respondents completed self-administered questionnaires both in the English and Malay language. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, eating attitude, body dissatisfaction, perceived sociocultural pressure, self-esteem, drive for muscularity and perfectionism were collected. Results: A total of 776 respondents (male: 30.9%; female: 69.1%) aged 19 to 25 years old took part in the study. The overall prevalence of disordered eating was 25.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 21.9; 28.7) with females (28.6%, 95% CI 24.6; 32.9) higher than males (15.6%, 95% CI 10.5; 21.9). Multivariate analysis showed for both male and female models, perceived sociocultural pressure (male: β = 1.125, p < 0.01; female: β = 1.052, p = 0.003), drive for muscularity (male: β = 1.033, p = 0.017; female: β = 1.032, p < 0.01) and perfectionism (male: β = 1.098, p = 0.02; female:β = 1.119, p < 0.01) were predictors for disordered eating. Conclusion: The prevalence of disordered eating among college and university students in Sarawak was high. The findings suggest that although there were gender differences in the prevalence of disordered eating, its associated factors were the same. The findings of this study will be useful for designing and implementing disordered eating prevention and intervention programme.
Salivary miR-21 is a potential biomarker for canine mast cell tumors
Authors: Zamarian Valentina , Stefanello Damiano , Ferrari Roberta , Chiti Lavinia E. , Grieco Valeria , DallaCosta Emanuela , Ceciliani Fabrizio , Lecchi Cristina
Published: October 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNA molecules playing a crucial role in tumor modulation targeting mRNA. This study aimed to validate the diagnostic potential of a panel of 3 miRNAs previously identified in canine mast cell tumors (MCTs), miR-21, miR-379, and miR-885, as markers of lymph node involvement in terms of histological absence (nonmetastatic: HN0; premetastatic: HN1) and presence (early-metastatic: HN2; overt-metastatic: HN3) of metastasis, in the saliva of mast cell tumor (MCT)-affected dogs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Forty-seven saliva samples were analyzed: 36 from MCT-affected dogs (12 subcutaneous [3 HN0-1 and 9 HN2-3] and 24 cutaneous [9 HN0-1 and 15 HN2-3—MCT]) and 11 from healthy dogs. MCT-group effects were investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The origin of the tumor affected the expression of salivary miR-21 ( P = .011) with an increase in cases with subcutaneous MCTs compared with the healthy group ( P = .0005) and those with cutaneous MCTs ( P = .004). Salivary miR-21 was higher in the HN2-3 class compared with the healthy group ( P = .004). Salivary miR-885 was not affected by the presence of MCT, while miR-379 was not detected in saliva. The diagnostic potential of salivary miR-21 in discriminating MCT-affected dogs from the healthy group (AUC = 0.8917), cutaneous from subcutaneous (AUC = 0.8111), and subcutaneous HN0-1 (AUC = 0.7250) and HN2-3 (AUC = 0.9750) classes from healthy samples was demonstrated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Overall, salivary miR-21 was identified as a promising tool, representing a novel approach to detecting MCT-associated epigenetic alterations in a minimally invasive manner.
Fantastic Theories and Where to Find Them: Rethinking Interlocutors in Global IR
Authors: Chu Sinan
Published: October 2022

How can we appreciate non-Western agency in theorising world politics without reintroducing parochialism and exceptionalism, thus reproducing the very problem that motivated global international relations (IR) in the first place? In this article, I explore an alternative approach to engaging with non-Western IR theories, which I refer to as the embedded observer approach. First, taking the scholarship on Chinese IR as an example, I argue that the present predicament of global IR is in part attributable to the way scholars engage with non-Western political thought. Drawing from discussions in critical IR and Comparative Political Theory, I propose a methodological adjustment for the study of non-Western theories. Specifically, I argue that by shifting focus from isolated scholars and texts to critical dialogues among autochthonous intellectuals, the researcher has the chance to learn about and appreciate the clashes of ideas, analytical perspectives, and methodological tools that together constitute the living intellectual tradition in a non-Western society. As a demonstration, I analyse the People’s Republic of China (PRC) scholars’ critical reaction to Zhao Tingyang’s Tianxia System through the lens of three key topics in the debate over the thesis. The discussion highlights the need to rethink interlocutors in global IR and the utility of an embedded observer approach for engaging with knowledge traditions beyond the West, both in IR and beyond.

神奇理论在哪里？反思全球国际关系学中的对话者
A study on the correlation between M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells in the progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Yanlei , Gao Yu , Ma Xueqian , Wang Yanping , Liu Jinhao , Yang Chunyu , Wang Yue , Bao Cuifen , Song Xiaoyu , Feng Yang , Sun Yan , Qiao Shifeng
Published: October 2022

Background

M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) can promote tumors and development by inhibiting the anti-tumor immune response. This study investigated the effect of CD163-positive M2 macrophages and Foxp3-positive Tregs in the progression of colorectal cancer and lymph node metastasis. It also investigated the correlation between M2 macrophages and Tregs.

Methods

Postoperative tissue specimens and clinical data were collected from 197 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent initial surgical treatment in The Second Ward of Colorectal Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from March 2020 to December 2020. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression levels of CD163 protein-labeled M2 macrophages and Foxp3 protein-labeled Tregs in colorectal cancer tissues, matched paracancer tissues, and lymph node tissues. The correlation between CD163 and Foxp3 in cancer tissues and lymph node tissues were analyzed, as well as the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and preoperative tumor markers.

Results

M2 macrophages and Tregs were importantly positively correlated in cancer and lymph node tissues, which significantly increased in cancer and metastatic lymph node tissues. Interestingly, M2 macrophages in non-metastatic lymph nodes also increased significantly in patients with metastatic lymph nodes. In addition, both CD163 and Foxp3 were upregulated with increasing tumor node metastasis stage, depth of infiltration, and lymphatic metastasis; and both were positively correlated with carcinoembryonic antigen.

Conclusion

CD163 may be a good predictor of pre-metastatic status of colorectal cancer lymph nodes. carcinoembryonic antigen affects the distribution of M2 macrophages and Tregs in colorectal cancer. There is a certain correlation between the two types of cells. It is possible that M2 macrophages, together with suppressor Tregs cells, promote an immunosuppressive environment.
Typologies of Intergenerational Relations in Urban and Rural China: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Wang Ning , Evandrou Maria , Falkingham Jane , Xu Maodi
Published: October 2022

Understanding intergenerational relations in China has become increasingly important against a backdrop of rapid social and demographic transitions and an ongoing urban-rural divide. From the parental perspective, this research investigates patterns and determinants of intergenerational relations between middle-aged and older parents and their non-coresident children in urban and rural China using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2018) ( N = 14,616). Latent class analysis revealed three typologies of intergenerational relations found across both urban and rural China – Tight-knit, Support-at-distance and Material-oriented-detached, and one typology particularly for urban China – Staying-in-touch-but-independent. The observed patterns suggest intergenerational bonds remain solid alongside the emergence of new trends, reflecting the modernization process. Multivariate multinomial regression analysis identified determinants for membership of each relationship typology. The findings will inform policy-makers and care professionals, supporting the identification of the vulnerable groups and the design of targeted policies for older parents with different family resources.
Abstractive-Based Programming Approach to Computational Thinking: Discover, Extract, Create, and Assemble
Authors: Ezeamuzie Ndudi O.
Published: October 2022

Most studies suggest that students develop computational thinking (CT) through learning programming. However, when the target of CT is decoupled from programming, emerging evidence challenges the assertion of CT transferability from programming. In this study, CT was operationalized in everyday problem-solving contexts in a learning experiment ( n = 59) that investigated whether learning programming enhances students’ CT skills. Specifically, this study examined the influence of a novel, systematic and micro instructional strategy that is grounded in abstraction and comprised of four independent but related processes – discover, extract, create, and assemble (DECA) towards simplification of problem-solving. Subsidiary questions explored the effects of students’ age, gender, computer proficiency, and prior programming experience on the development of CT. No significant difference was found between the CT skill and programming knowledge of the groups at the posttest. However, within-group paired t-tests showed that the experimental group that integrated DECA had significant improvement in CT but not in the control group across the pretest-posttest axis. Implications of the inconclusive finding about the transfer of programming skills to CT are emphasized and the arguments for disentangling CT from programming are highlighted.
Is icodextrin use feasible in a peritoneal dialysis patient undergoing 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan?
Authors: Burkhalter F , Hertel C , Grendelmeier I
Published: October 2022

18 F-FDG PET/CT scan is a useful diagnostic tool in patients with neoplasia or inflammatory diseases for further evaluation. Due to interference of glucose with the cellular uptake of the 18 F-FDG tracer via glucose transporter, withhold of any glucose source several hours before imaging is mandatory. This is also the case in peritoneal dialysis patients where glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis fluid cannot be used prior to 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan. Whether the same hold true for icodextrin is not known. We describe two patients with metastatic carcinomas while on peritoneal dialysis on an icodextrin-containing regimen, in whom icodextrin was not discontinued before 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan and where accurate diagnosis of metastatic lesions as well as in one case a simultaneous tunnel infection could be made. Our observation suggests that there is no significant interference of icodextrin with the metabolism of 18 F-FDG and so it is feasible to continue an established icodextrin-containing regimen in peritoneal dialysis patients in case of 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan.
Success of Occlusal Aperture Access for Endodontic Therapy of Canine Teeth in Dogs
Authors: Morris Regan L. , Hale Fraser A.
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study was to determine the success of the natural crowns of endodontically treated canine teeth in pet dogs, instrumented and obturated using rotary driven non-taper nickel titanium files, through an occlusal access preparation, without the placement of a prosthetic cast metal crown. A search of medical records at a private veterinary dental referral practice was conducted to identify pet dogs having had endodontic treatment of one or more canine teeth over an eleven-year period (2007-2018). Follow up, performed by the same veterinary dental specialist, included a complete oral health assessment under general anesthesia and included intraoral radiography thereby allowing close visual examination of the crown and restoration as well as assessing endodontic success. Time to follow up was between two and nine years after treatment with a mean of 4.5 years. Analysis revealed that 29/29 (100%) of the treated crowns maintained their stability and did not require extraction. 5/29 (17.2%) of the treated teeth had an enamel fracture requiring additional treatment to the crown after the initial treatment; 1/29 (3.4%) had additional abrasion but did not require treatment and 23/29 (79.3%) were found to have sustained no additional damage. This study supports endodontic treatment without the placement of a prosthetic crown in canine teeth in pet dogs when an occlusal access site is used as described in this paper. Further study is required on the increased risk of fracture of the remaining unaltered canine teeth.
Nonlinear radiation phenomena for Casson–Maxwell nanoliquid flow with chemical reactions
Authors: Gangadhar Kotha , Mary Victoria Eathakoti , Bhanu Lakshmi Konduru , Chamkha Ali J
Published: October 2022

The viscoelastic characteristics of an incompressible, axisymmetric Casson–Maxwell nanoliquid flow between two stationary discs were examined in this paper. Two porous discs are constrained for uniform injection. The Christov model is used in conjunction with the Buongiorno model. In an energy equation with a nonlinear form, thermal radiation characteristics are used. In the current continuation, the impact of chemical reactions is taken into account, making the work more adaptable. Using appropriate transformations, the constructed model was transformed into a dimensionless form. The solution is obtained by employing the FEM technique. The related parameters are described using physical results. The radial velocity distribution at the center line was reduced using a magnetic parameter and a Casson parameter. When the Brownian motion constant and radiation parameter are increased, the temperature distribution of nanoparticles enhances. Furthermore, the rate of the reaction increases in the presence of a chemical reaction. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to discover a relationship between the Sherwood and Nusslet numbers. To determine the linear relationship between variables, the t-test method is used.
Early failure of a highly cross-linked polyethylene inlay after total hip arthroplasty probably due to insufficient irradiation
Authors: Wahl Peter , Mossu-Haas Christine , Dommann-Scherrer Corina , Wei Kongchang , Eschbach Lukas , Gehr Peter , Benninger Emanuel
Published: October 2022

Highly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is a major advance in total hip arthroplasty (THA), as it suffers from less wear and thus is associated with lower revision rates than standard ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Early failures are reported rarely, and associated with specific design or manufacturing issues. We report a case requiring early revision due to adverse reaction to polyethylene particles. Investigations identified insufficient irradiation as the most probable cause of failure. Here are reported the features of a clinical case with determination of the material properties of the retrieved XLPE liner and establishment of the appropriate calibration curves as reference. Periprosthetic joint infection could be ruled out with appropriate sampling as cause for the inflammatory periarticular tumour. Histology identified a massive macrophagic reaction to micrometric polyethylene particles. No component malposition was present, nor any third-body wear. The trans-vinylene index (TVI) indicated insufficient and potentially detrimental irradiation of the polyethylene, while gel content, crystallinity, melting temperature and oxidation index remained within expected ranges. Histologically proven failure of a XLPE THA liner was identifiable despite correct implantation of the components. The cause of failure most probably was an inadequate irradiation, as indicated by determination of the TVI. This case underscores the importance of histologic workup even in aseptic revisions, and of detailed analysis of retrievals. The calibration curves provided are essential for analysis of other retrievals.
Understanding the thrust force evolution and primary stability for dental implantation – An in-vitro experimental investigation
Authors: Zhao Jing , Liu Sinan , Zhang Zhijun , Gong Kun , Zhao Jian
Published: October 2022

The dental implant is challenging due to the unstable quality of the surrounding bone. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using thrust force characteristics to identify different bone types and the influencing mechanisms of spindle speed and feed rate on primary stability of dental implants through in-vitro experiments. 13 groups of osteotomy experiments were performed on mandibles and maxillae of pigs with different bone types (I, II, and III) under different spindle speeds (600 and 800 rpm) and feed rates (20 and 60 mm/min). The thrust force evolution under different conditions was extracted and analysed to elaborate the distribution and thickness of the cortical and trabecular bone layers on different bone types. Dental implant placements were performed, and corresponding primary stabilities were obtained. Furthermore, histologic observation was conducted to reveal the bone/implant contact morphology. From the results, the amplitude and trend of thrust force show a regular variation during drilling different bone types. The highly dynamic information of thrust force can be analysed to characterise the distribution and thickness of the cortical and trabecular bone layers, hence effectively detecting different bone types. Since a lower feed rate and resulting bone temperature elevation lead to more thermal damages, primary stability decreases with the decrease of feed rate. Spindle speed has no significant effect. This study establishes a more in-depth understanding into the thrust force evolution and also provide a clinical option for reducing the complexity of bone type and drilling parameters determination in osteotomy.
Temporal Construal Effects Are Independent of Episodic Future Thought
Authors: Rosenbaum R. Shayna , Halilova J. G. , Kwan D. , Beneventi S. , Craver C. F. , Gilboa A. , Ciaramelli E.
Published: October 2022

Human thought is prone to biases. Some biases serve as beneficial heuristics to free up limited cognitive resources or improve well-being, but their neurocognitive basis is unclear. One such bias is a tendency to construe events in the distant future in abstract, general terms and events in the near future in concrete, detailed terms. Temporal construal may rely on our capacity to orient toward and/or imagine context-rich future events. We tested 21 individuals with impaired episodic future thinking resulting from lesions to the hippocampus or ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and 57 control participants (aged 45–76 years) from Canada and Italy on measures sensitive to temporal construal. We found that temporal construal persisted in most patients, even those with impaired episodic future thinking, but was abolished in some vmPFC cases, possibly in relation to difficulties forming and maintaining future intentions. The results confirm the fractionation of future thinking and that parts of vmPFC might critically support our ability to flexibly conceive and orient ourselves toward future events.