bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Ender’s nailing in pediatric patient with Shaft of Femur Fracture in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rahman Rasool Akhtar
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The use of spica casting in children with the shaft of femur fractures is controversial. Presently,

operative treatment is the main standard for the management of shaft of femur fractures in children. The

advantages of Ender’s nail are closed insertion of the nail with the preservation of fracture hematoma, minimal

chances of infection and the endosteal blood supply is preserved because no reaming is required.

Objective: To determine the treatment outcome of Ender’s nailing in the pediatric shaft of femur fractures in

terms of limb length discrepancy, function, and union.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Orthopaedic Department, Benazir Bhutto

Hospital, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi from January 2017 to December 2019. We enrolled 95

children 6-12 years of age by using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique with femoral shaft fracture.

The exclusion criteria include children with pathological fractures, malignancy, and skeletal dysplasia. Time of

surgery, implant failure, infection, union, limb length discrepancy, and functional outcome were recorded.

Functional outcome and union were determined by using Flynn criteria and radiographs while the surgery time,

infection, limb length discrepancy, and implant failure were determined clinically.

Results: There were 59 (62.1%) male and 36 (37.89%) female children. The mean age was 6.93 ± 4.12 years. The

mean surgery duration was 30 ± 8.5 minutes. There were 06 (6.31%) superficial and no patients with deep

infection. No implant failure in our study. The time duration from radiological & clinical union to full weight

bearing was 7.9 weeks (5-12 weeks). On Flynn criteria, 67 (70.52%) children had excellent and 28 (29.47%) had a

satisfactory functional outcomes. In 85 (89.47%) children, there was no limb length discrepancy but 10 (10.5%)

children had limb length discrepancy with a mean of 5.45 ± 1.23 mm.

Conclusion: Ender’s nailing is an excellent treatment option for the pediatric shaft of femur fractures in terms of

functional outcome and union with low chances of infection, limb length discrepancy, and implant failure.

Keywords: Ender’s nailing, pediatric femoral shaft fracture, union, functional outcome, infection, implant failure,

limb length discrepancy
The effect of socio-economic status, emotional intelligence and financial literacy as a mediation variable on personal financial management
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Nuansari Shindy Dwita
Published: January 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of socioeconomic status and emotional intelligence with financial literacy as a mediating variable on the personal financial management of students at Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta. This research is a quantitative research with data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The research sample is 350 respondents. The sampling technique used was random sampling and was calculated using the Slovin formula. Primary data processing uses statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) analysis techniques and the methodologies used are path analysis, sobel test and robustness test.

The results of this study state (1) there is a positive and significant influence of socioeconomic status, emotional intelligence and financial literacy on the personal financial management of Alma Ata University students; (2) there is a positive and significant influence of socio-economic status and emotional intelligence on the financial literacy of Alma Ata University students; (3) financial literacy is able to mediate socio-economic status and emotional intelligence on the personal financial management of Alma Ata University students; (4) there is no difference in the results of the analysis when the sample is broken down to carry out the robustness test, so the results of this research analysis are robust.
Analisis strategi pemasaran pada PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk
Authors: Wasil Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Strategi bisnis merupakan arah tindakan atau serangkaian keputusan yang membantu pengusaha dalam mencapai tujuan tertentu dan merupakan kombinasi dari semua keputusan yang diambil dari tindakan  yang dilakukan  oleh pengusaha untuk mencapai tujuan bisnis dan untuk mengamankan posisi kompetitif di pasar. Persaingan bisnis yang semakin ketat pada masa pandemi membuat perusahaan untuk memiliki strategi yang tepat  agar  unggul  dalam  bersaing  dengan  perusahaan  lain  atau  mampu  menjalankan bisnisnya. Fokus penelitian ini merujuk pada perusahaan  yang  bergerak dalam industri pengolahan makanan, bumbu dan minuman dengan sampel PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk. Perusahaan yang didirikan dengan nama PT Panganjaya Intikusuma di tahun 1990, memiliki berbagai kegiatan usaha yang telah beroperasi sejak awal tahun 1980an. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi bisnis yang dijalankan PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk dengan menggunkaan analisis SWOT dalam pengembangan bisnisnya. Metode SWOT digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan dan memilih strategi  yang tepat untuk daya saing perusahaan. Hasilnya yaitu perusahaan PT. Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk selalu mengembangkan perusahaannya dengan fokus pada strategi pasar perusahaannya agar kehidupan perusahnnya selalu berjalan baik dan stabil seiring dengan adanya para pesaing yang semakin ketat.
ENERGY AND EXERGY ANALYSIS OF AN AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMP UNDER VARIABLE AMBIENT CONDITIONS
Authors: Streckienė Giedrė , Kropas Tomas , Mikučionienė Rūta , Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė Rasa
Published: January 2024

Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) are becoming an increasingly popular heating source for buildings. The paper presents an evaluation of the experimental data from ASHP operation during the heating season in Lithuania when the problem of the evaporator’s surface freezing is visible. The performance of the air-to-water heat pump is examined using energy and exergy analyses performed by a coefficient of performance (COP), COPCarnot, exergy efficiency, and primary energy ratio. Analysis results show that the existing difference between the ideal and actual operation of ASHP represents the demand to improve the performance of ASHP evaporator. The actual COP was from 3.5 to 4.7 times lower than the Carnot COP. At 0 °C and 95% humidity, the ASHP’s performance was least favourable, with an average exergy efficiency of 0.21 and a COP of 1.49.
Three new species of Cortinarius section Delibuti (Cortinariaceae, Agaricales) from China
Authors: Long Pan , Zhou Song-Yan , Li Sai-Nan , Liu Fei-Fei , Chen Zuo-Hong
Published: January 2024

Three new species of Cortinarius section Delibuti, namely C. fibrillososalor, C. pseudosalor, and C. subtropicus are described as new to science based on morphological and phylogenetic evidences. Cortinarius pseudosalor is extremely morphologically similar to C. salor, but it differs from the latter by smaller coarsely verrucose basidiospores. Cortinarius fibrillososalor can be easily differentiated by its fibrillose pileus. The pileus of C. subtropicus becomes brown without lilac tint at maturity comparing with other members of section Delibuti. A combined dataset of ITS and LSU sequences was used for phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic reconstruction of section Delibuti revealed that these three new species clustered and formed independent lineages with full support respectively. A key to the three new species and related species of section Delibuti is provided in this work.
Research on cross-modal emotion recognition based on multi-layer semantic fusion
Authors: Xu Zhijing , Gao Yang
Published: January 2024

Multimodal emotion analysis involves the integration of information from various modalities to better understand human emotions. In this paper, we propose the Cross-modal Emotion Recognition based on multi-layer semantic fusion (CM-MSF) model, which aims to leverage the complementarity of important information between modalities and extract advanced features in an adaptive manner. To achieve comprehensive and rich feature extraction from multimodal sources, considering different dimensions and depth levels, we design a parallel deep learning algorithm module that focuses on extracting features from individual modalities, ensuring cost-effective alignment of extracted features. Furthermore, a cascaded cross-modal encoder module based on Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BILSTM) layer and Convolutional 1D (ConV1d) is introduced to facilitate inter-modal information complementation. This module enables the seamless integration of information across modalities, effectively addressing the challenges associated with signal heterogeneity. To facilitate flexible and adaptive information selection and delivery, we design the Mask-gated Fusion Networks (MGF-module), which combines masking technology with gating structures. This approach allows for precise control over the information flow of each modality through gating vectors, mitigating issues related to low recognition accuracy and emotional misjudgment caused by complex features and noisy redundant information. The CM-MSF model underwent evaluation using the widely recognized multimodal emotion recognition datasets CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI. The experimental findings illustrate the exceptional performance of the model, with binary classification accuracies of 89.1% and 88.6%, as well as F1 scores of 87.9% and 88.1% on the CMU-MOSI and CMU-MOSEI datasets, respectively. These results unequivocally validate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately recognizing and classifying emotions.
Étude archéologique, micromorphologique et architecturale de deux bâtiments d’estive de l’époque moderne dans les Monts du Forez (Massif central, France)
Authors: Scholtes Antoine , Busseuil Mireille , Verrier Jacques , Chapuis Priscille , Cubizolle Hervé
Published: January 2024

Résumé : Dans le cadre de recherches relatives à l’habitat d’estive dans le haut Forez, les techniques de construction et l’aménagement des bâtiments agropastoraux entre le second Moyen Âge et l’époque moderne (xie-xviiie siècle) ont été étudiés par le biais de prospections et de sondages archéologiques accompagnés d’analyses micromorphologiques. Ces dernières ont mis en évidence certains des matériaux utilisés par les communautés agropastorales dans la réalisation des bâtiments. Les résultats présentés sont issus de deux campagnes distinctes réalisées sur les sites de Vieux-Colleigne et de Barras, tous deux datés de l’époque moderne.
Identifying Religious Tourism Potential Through Sustainable Approach
Authors: Singh Amrik , Hassan Shuaibu Chiroma
Published: January 2024

Tourism has been observed as one of the biggest economic sectors in the service industry, which has significant social, cultural, environmental, and economic effects. Pilgrimage tourism is identified to be one of the prerequisites of sustainable tourism development which has the potential to reduce the effects of tourism. The present study aims to identify the potential of pilgrimage tourism in the state of Punjab (India), which has been an emerging tourist spot, due to its magnificently diverse religious tourist potential and rich cultural heritage. The purpose of the study is the assessment of tourist areas, highlighting the factors creating interruptions in sustainable tourism development and further suggesting suitable measures for the sustainable development of pilgrimage tourism in Punjab. A field-based survey was carried out at selected tourism spots in the study area. The result of the study brings feasible suggestions and recommendations for further development of tourism in this region.
The Effect of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Learning and Teaching
Authors: Alhassan Yahaya , McChristie Sonya , Paul Geoff
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown on learning and teaching at the University of Sunderland in London from the lenses of both students and academic staff using a quantitative approach. Thus, quantitative data was collected from both staff and students using a cross-sectional online survey. The chapter concludes that the challenges faced by students during the transition to online teaching included insufficient IT skills, inadequate IT equipment, poor internet connectivity, and inconvenient space at home. The chapter also concludes that from both staff and students' perspective, student learning, engagement, and attainment was negatively affected during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown at the University of Sunderland in London. These findings have policy implications for the management of the University of Sunderland in London in particular, and the UK higher education sector in general.
Cybersecurity Crisis Management in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Okoro Amaka Rita , Cantafio Giuseppe Umberto
Published: January 2024

In the wake of the global pandemic, higher education institutions have faced numerous challenges, not only in terms of maintaining academic continuity but also in safeguarding their digital infrastructure against ever-evolving cyber threats. The shift towards remote learning and increased reliance on technology has exposed educational institutions to new vulnerabilities, making cybersecurity a critical concern. Through a comprehensive exploration of cybersecurity in the context of higher education, crisis management, problem-solving strategies, and leadership competencies, this chapter aims to equip educational stakeholders with the knowledge and tools necessary to fortify their institutions against cyber threats, using the University of Sunderland in London as a case study. By understanding the interconnectedness of these areas, educational leaders can proactively protect their digital assets, and foster a resilient educational environment in the face of future challenges.
Comparing Pedagogical and Andragogical Approaches in Education
Authors: Singha Surjit , Rema M. K. , Thomas Lyola
Published: January 2024

This chapter highlights the crucial role of teaching and learning in today's rapidly evolving world. It explores the significance of effective instructional strategies, pedagogical and andragogical approaches integration, and the implications for research and practice. The chapter emphasizes the need for engaging and inclusive learning environments, using technology in education, and promoting critical thinking and problem-solving skills. It underscores the importance of assessment and feedback, equity and inclusion, and lifelong learning. The implications for future research and practice are discussed, highlighting the importance of collaboration, innovation, and continuous improvement in teaching methods. Overall, this chapter underscores the essentiality of teaching and learning in equipping individuals with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary to succeed in a rapidly changing world.
An Exploration of Teaching Diverse Students in a Higher Education Context in the UK
Authors: Cantafio Giuseppe Umberto
Published: January 2024

The present study analyses and presents insights and practices implemented at The University of Sunderland in London for embedding race equality in the institution. The research makes use of semi-structured interviews held with students of Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) heritage, BAME members of staff, and other BAME individuals involved at any stage with the university. Seven main themes have emerged in the present research: Curriculum, covid, diversity, personal sphere, institution, belonging, and technology. Considering these seven themes, some important recommendations can be drawn for higher education institutions in the UK for improving the diversity of students and staff and enriching the academic experience in toto.
Anasakti and Teacher Motivation as Predictors of Teacher Leadership
Authors: Wadhwani Rashmi , Gupta Sandhya , Singh Anu Raj , Sharma Bheshraj
Published: January 2024

For schoolteachers, qualities like teaching, improving student performance, class well-being, and development of teacher-student relations is a heavy responsibility. In the following context, motivation is important for teachers. Additionally, one's perception and interpretation of life's events greatly influence how well they function as a teacher. Indian psychologists have made an effort to comprehend value and significance of metaphysical ideas using the concept of “anasakti.” This chapter focuses on teacher motivation and whether there is any role of anasakti and teacher motivation in teacher leadership. In regression analysis, anasakti emerged as a significant predictor of teacher leadership.
Middle Management and Strategy Execution in a VUCA World
Authors: Mngadi Ntokozo , Gerwel Proches Cecile Naomi
Published: January 2024

Middle management in organizations execute strategic plans, and often, do not execute as they should because of misinterpretation of the strategic plans, limited knowledge, and complexity of the world. Literature tends to focus on strategy formulation rather than on execution. Few studies have focused on the role of middle management in the execution of strategy in a complex world. This study explores the role of middle management in higher educational institution (HEI) in executing strategic plans in a volatile, unpredictable, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world. A qualitative research approach was employed and interviews conducted with ten middle management staff. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study recommends that training for HEI middle management is undertaken and vital to implement strategic plans effectively. Recommendations from the study may assist in understanding how middle management execute strategy in the VUCA world in HEIs.
Adoption of Blockchain in Supply Chain Financing
Authors: Rao Sakuntala , Chandra Shalini , Mathur Dhrupad
Published: January 2024

This study explores the factors that impact the adoption of blockchain in supply chain financing (SCF). Blockchain's unique features make it a good solution to the current problems in SCF. However, given that both blockchain and SCF are relatively new, there are almost no commercially viable large-scale implementations yet in this area. Research in the factors that drive the adoption of blockchain in SCF, is also scarce. Of the six identified determinants of adoption of blockchain in SCF, the study found four to be significant. Relative advantage, compatibility, organization readiness, and environment readiness influence the adoption of blockchain in SCF. Complexity and technology readiness are insignificant determinants, indicating a technically mature industry capable of handling current blockchain implementations in SCF and associated changes. The authors also found that trust has a mediating effect between compatibility and adoption and between environment readiness and adoption.
Harnessing Entrepreneurship Education for Economic Growth and Unemployment Reduction in the Era of Disruption
Authors: Maota Tshepo , Naidoo Vannie
Published: January 2024

This study explores creative disruption and entrepreneurial education in higher education, focusing on the South African context. It highlights the importance of integrating disruptive elements and fostering entrepreneurial mindsets to prepare students for the modern world. The study examines theoretical implications, including adapting traditional approaches to a changing business landscape. Practical recommendations include teaching entrepreneurship, project-based learning, and collaborations with industry. By embracing creative disruption and fostering entrepreneurial mindsets, higher education institutions in South Africa can play a crucial role in nurturing a generation of graduates equipped with the skills, mindset, and adaptability needed to thrive in an evolving entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Leveraging Industry 4.0 for Entrepreneurial Success
Authors: Ahuja Vivek
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the relationship between Industry 4.0 and entrepreneurial education, focusing on the influence of Industry 4.0 on entrepreneurial competencies and learning outcomes. It investigates the integration of these competencies in entrepreneurial education to prepare aspiring entrepreneurs for the challenges and opportunities presented by Industry 4.0. Through an in-depth analysis of this intersection, the chapter contributes to the existing knowledge on entrepreneurial education and provides insights into strategies and approaches that enhance entrepreneurial outcomes in the digital age. The chapter aims to enhance our understanding of the competencies needed for entrepreneurial success in the Industry 4.0 era.
Entrepreneurial Enhancement
Authors: Verma Rahul R.
Published: January 2024

Higher education is constantly changing and advancing, and the integration of technology and its transformative potential remains elusive for many universities globally. While other industries have surged forward with digitization, higher education has been slow to completely embrace technology - driven outcomes. Reshaping entrepreneurial education within an Industry 4.0 context sheds light on the barriers preventing widespread technology adoption and the profound changes that Industry 4.0 brings to education. As the fourth industrial revolution continues to unfold, this book delves into how this phenomenon is reshaping the field of education. With an increasing number of tertiary education students around the world, the necessity for higher education institutions to undergo radical transformations driven by technological advancements is greater than ever before. This chapter presents a comprehensive analysis of how digital technology and capabilities are becoming integral to building more flexible and adaptive tertiary education systems in regions like India.
Collaborative Efforts for E-Learning Integration
Authors: Patnala R. K. Kishore
Published: January 2024

This chapter highlights the power of collaboration for e-learning integration, including best practices, challenges, case studies, and future implications. As technology advances and the need for e-learning integration grows, it is essential to establish strong partnerships that can support students' learning and achieve shared goals. Collaborative efforts for e-learning integration are indeed the future of education. Despite the potential benefits of collaborative efforts in e-learning integration, challenges remain. However, by addressing these challenges and implementing best practices, institutions and libraries can work together to provide students with exceptional e-learning experiences. In conclusion, collaborative efforts for e-learning integration are essential for the future of education. As technology continues to advance, it is crucial to establish strong partnerships that can support students' learning and achieve shared goals. By doing so, we can provide students with a quality education regardless of their location and prepare them for success in the digital age.
The Role of Machine Learning in UAV-Assisted Communication
Authors: Javed Sadaf , Hassan Ali , Ahmad Rizwan , Qazi Shams , Saadat Ahsan , Ahmed Waqas
Published: January 2024

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is a pilotless aircraft that is capable of flying and maintaining altitude without the need for a human operator, offers more cost-efficient solutions, and can carry out even important tasks cost-effectively. UAVs can provide several benefits and a wide range of uses because of their mobility, versatility, and flexibility at different altitudes. Over recent years, UAV technology has gained significant attention in various fields, such as traffic management, surveillance, agriculture, wireless communication, delivering medicine, border monitoring, photography, infrastructure inspection, post-disaster operations, etc. Despite the many benefits of UAVs, there are also many challenges related to UAVs, such as path planning, mission planning, optimal deployment, decision-making, collision avoidance, security, energy management, etc. The main aim of this proposed book chapter is to exploit algorithms that can provide optimal deployment and path-planning solutions for UAVs based on machine learning (ML) techniques.
Applications of Machine Learning in UAV-Based Detecting and Tracking Objects
Authors: R. Ramya , R. padmapriya , M. Anand
Published: January 2024

UAVs are aircrafts that operate without a human pilot and are equipped with sensors to collect data from the environment. They offer advantages over manned aircraft, such as cost-effectiveness, accessibility, flexibility, and the ability to access remote or hazardous areas. This chapter provides the detailed analysis of machine learning in UANs based detecting and tracking objects and people with different use cases, existing technologies with methodologies, future methodologies, challenges, and finally methodologies to overcome challenges. Through this chapter anyone can understand all the details regarding machine learning in UAVs based detecting and tracking objects and people and this will provide future research scope and idea for the researchers.
Applications ML in UAVs-Based Detecting and Tracking Objects and People
Authors: Saeed Rashid A. , Nur Elmadina Nahla A.
Published: January 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the diverse applications of ML in UAVs for object and people detection and tracking. It begins by examining the current landscape of ML-driven UAV technologies and their potential. The related work section discusses the advancements in object and people detection and tracking. The subsequent sections delve into the technical aspects, focusing on the next generation of UAV convolutional neural network (CNN) backbones, including the contextual multi-scale region-based CNN (CMSRCNN), single shot multibox detector (SSD), and you only look once (YOLO), highlighting their significance in enhancing detection capabilities. Furthermore, it explores practical applications of ML in UAVs, encompassing object and people detection and tracking, path planning, navigation, and image and video analysis. Challenges and complexities in vision-based UAV navigation are addressed. Additionally, it showcases the potential for UAV networks to locate objects in real time.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning-Based Prediction and Monitoring of Forest Fires Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Chhabra Rishi , Bhagat Aditya , Mishra Gaurav , Tiwari Ashish , Dhabu M. M.
Published: January 2024

Wildfires, also referred to as forest fires, pose serious risks to heavily vegetated forested areas, demanding the development of sophisticated techniques for accurate forecasting and early detection. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and machine learning integration has been identified as a possible strategy to improve forest fire prediction systems. This thorough study seeks to provide an overview of the research that has been done in the field of machine learning-based UAV-based forest fire prediction. It discusses the benefits of using UAVs for data collection, the use of machine learning techniques, current difficulties, and potential future developments in this area. The main goal of this research is to clearly explain the state-of-the-art UAV-based forest fire prediction in order to facilitate future research projects and practical applications. Drones with sensors and imaging equipment make it possible to collect vital information on vegetation, weather, and fire behavior in real-time, which aids in more efficient wildfire management.
Crafting Intelligent Urban Environments
Authors: Vetrivel S. C. , Mohanasundaram T.
Published: January 2024

As urbanization continues to accelerate, the concept of smart cities has emerged as a promising solution to address the complex challenges faced by rapidly growing urban areas. Smart cities leverage advanced technologies to enhance the quality of life for residents, optimize resource utilization, and promote sustainable development. However, the successful implementation of smart cities heavily relies on the engineering of resilient and sustainable infrastructure. This chapter highlights the key aspects of engineering resilient and sustainable infrastructure for smart cities, focusing on the integration of technological innovations, resilience planning, and sustainable practices. The engineering of resilient infrastructure plays a crucial role in smart cities' ability to withstand and recover from various shocks and stresses, including natural disasters, climate change impacts, and cyber-attacks. Resilient infrastructure emphasizes the integration of robust design principles, redundancy, adaptability, and effective risk management strategies.
Extraction of Protein and Polyphenols From Agro-Industrial Waste Through Eco-Innovative Technologies
Authors: Ahmad Arisha , Imran Ali , Nadeem Rutaba , Islam Fakhar , Naz Saima , Suleria Hafiz
Published: January 2024

The recovery of valuable sources from waste material is an excellent and encouraging approach towards the ecological significances and food security. Agro-industrial surplus produced by agricultural and food processing activities signifies a rich source of beneficial compounds like minerals, vitamins, and other essential components that are helpful in different industries for different purposes. The demands of plant-based protein extraction are very high. Along with proteins, various bioactive components, like carotenoids, lycopene, polyphenols, sugars, and polysaccharide, have also been extracted with the help of eco-friendly technologies. The purpose of this chapter is to study the latest researches related to extraction of protein and polyphenols or also to highlight the significances of green-technologies. These eco-friendly technologies play their vital role in producing nutrient rich products from waste residues to overcome the food shortage and to maintain food wastage.
In-vitro antibacterial activity of Boerhavia diffusa leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: Abhayarathna A. H. Y. G. , Mahendranathan C.
Published: January 2024

Plants are playing a significant role in maintaining human health and improving the wealth of human life and are a better alternative to synthetic drugs that display negative side effects, such as sensitization reactions, and disruption of the metabolic processes in the body via interaction with the body system. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Green Leafy Vegetable (GLVs), namely Boerhavia diffusa. Fully matured fresh leaf samples were collected from different localities in the Western Province, Sri Lanka. The acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaf samples were tested for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), by using agar well diffusion method at the test concentrations of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/μL. The maximum inhibitory effect was observed in the ethanol extracts of leaf samples against both bacterial strains at 0.75 mg/μL concentration. Ethanol extract of B. diffusa showed the maximum inhibition effect (17.8±0.3 mm) against S. aureus and it was the most susceptible bacteria than E. coli in plant extracts of all three solvents. All three extracts of B. diffusa showed most effective antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains, tested. The MIC values obtained from plants exhibited antibacterial activity ranged between 0.0625 and 0.25 mg/μL. The lowest MIC values were given by the ethanol extracts. Thus, the ethanol extract of this plant leaf sample was the most effective extract, which exhibited strong antimicrobial activity on both bacterial strains. Presence of bioactive compounds in these plant extracts could be the reason to indicate high antibacterial activity.
First report of Curvularia dactylocteniicola causing leaf spots on Zea mays and Sorghum in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ferdinandez H. S. , Manamgoda D. S. , Udayanga D.
Published: January 2024

The genus Curvularia includes pathogens, endophytes and saprobes associated with a diverse range of plants belonging to the family Poaceae. These species are responsible for diseases on cereal crops such as rice, maize, wheat, millet, sorghum and poaceous weedy hosts. During a field survey of cereal pathogens conducted in Galle, Hambanthota, and Matale districts of Sri Lanka, diseased leaf samples were collected randomly from Zea mays and an indigenous cereal landrace of Sorghum sp. traditionally known as ‘Swayanjatha’. Morphology and molecular phylogeny based on combined nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S region (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) revealed that the causative agent of the leaf spots is Curvularia dactylocteniicola. Results of the pathogenicity tests confirmed cause of the disease on Zea mays and Sorghum sp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of C. dactylocteniicola causing leaf spots on Zea mays and Sorghum sp. in Sri Lanka.
Examining the Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Dracaena cinnabari on Sex Hormones and Ovarian and Uterine Tissues of Rats
Authors: Najafi Elham , Hoolari Bahareh Babaei , Karimi Akbar , Pilehvarian Aliasghar
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Dracaena cinnabari is considered a rich source of phytochemicals used widely in traditional medicine. In the present study, the effect of D. cinnabari hydraulic extract on the reproductive system of female rats was investigated.

Methods:

The samples were randomly divided into four groups (six samples in each group), including three treatment groups and one control group, and all samples were kept at the same conditions. Hydraulic extract of D. cinnabari and injected intraperitoneally daily for 10 days, while physiological serum was used for injection in to the control group. After 10 days of injection, estrogen and progesterone levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay technique. After dissection, the ovaries and uterine tissues were isolated for histological examination, and tissue changes were carefully examined.

Results:

The results revealed that the levels of estrogen and progesterone in experimental Groups 2 and 3 had a significant increase (P < 0.001). Regarding tissue changes, a significant increase was observed in epithelial thickness (P < 0.001), number of corpus luteum (P < 0.01), and Graafian follicle (P < 0.01) in doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg.

Conclusions:

Based on the results, it seems that D. cinnabari extract has an effect on the ovarian follicles.
Establishment of a simulation centre: Challenges and solutions
Authors: Kumar E.J. Sree , Parameswari Aruna , Manickam Akilandeswari , Purva Makani
Published: January 2024

The change in curriculum and increasing need for active healthcare professionals providing quality patient care has emphasised simulation-based regular training, reskilling and simulation centres to deliver these. However, there is limited literature on how to establish a simulation centre and overcome the challenges relating to developing faculty and maintaining the financial viability of these centres. Our review focuses on this gap in the current literature. The findings are presented as 1) identification of the methods of establishing a simulation centre, 2) setting up the resource in a simulation centre and 3) faculty development and curricular integration in a simulation centre. The space of a simulation centre depends on the organisation’s or training body’s needs. There is no single design which is recommended. Establishing a simulation centre should consider the needs of the organisation, educators and learners along with the available resources and ensure that curriculum integration and standards are met.
An unusual presentation of extraocular muscle pyomyositis as orbital apex syndrome leading to secondary endogenous endophthalmitis and review of literature
Authors: Kulsum Farheena , Tripathi Shubhi , Singh Jayanti , Patidar Narendra , Gabba Harshdeep S , Pal Sandeep
Published: January 2024

Pyomyositis of extraocular muscle is an infrequent entity. We herein report the case of a 19-year-old male who presented with reduced vision in the left eye (LE), which was associated with pain since last month followed by double vision and drooping of the lid over the last 10 days. On examination, LE had lid edema, proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, conjunctival hyperemia, and chemosis. Imaging showed well-defined, peripheral rim-enhancing lesion along the inferior rectus (IR), suggestive of abscess. It was aspirated under intravenous antibiotic coverage. Postoperative day 1 showed exudates near the optic disc, and swept-source optical computed tomography (SS-OCT) showed focal area of retinitis suggestive of early endogenous endophthalmitis. A vitreous biopsy was performed with no growth. Intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone were injected, and the patient was discharged on oral steroids. Three-month follow-up showed clinical and symptomatic improvement. We hereby conclude that the diagnosis of orbital apex syndrome (OAS) with pyomyositis is based on careful history taking, clinical examination, and imaging, and it can lead to endogenous endophthalmitis.
Recurrent ocular surface squamous neoplasia treated with orbital exenteration
Authors: Das Sucharita , Gupta Neeti , Kumar Amit , Saran Sonal , Kumar Arvind
Published: January 2024

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) consists of an array of dysplastic, pre-invasive and malignant squamous lesions that impair the ocular surface. We report a case of a 61-year-old female with recurrent OSSN and had chronic hepatitis B. She was managed surgically, excision of the lesion and cryotherapy with amniotic membrane grafting with topical Mitomycin C 0.02% was performed. She came back with recurrence after 8 months and was managed with 6 cycles of Mitomycin C. After 9 months she reported back with recurrence with light perception vision and underwent orbital exenteration.
Acute fulminant post-operative endophthalmitis by Pasteurella caecimuris: A rare case report
Authors: Rath Bhumika , Rao G. Nageswar , Sinha Nidhi , Sahoo Smrutilata , Singh Nipa , Panda Subhra Snigdha , Patro A Raj Kumar
Published: January 2024

The incidence of acute post-operative endophthalmitis (APOE) following cataract surgery in India is comparable to most of the developed world despite performing high-volume cataract surgery. Most infections are caused by bacteria, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species being the predominant pathogens, which are similar to the findings of most published literatures. However, there is also a significant number of infections seen to be caused by Gram-negative bacteria and fungus. Amid Gram-negative microbes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common organism followed by Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., and Alkaligenes spp. Another rare newly emerging ocular pathogen is Pasteurella species. Human infections by some species of Pasteurella involving soft tissue, skin, bone, joints, and wounds have been reported following animal exposure. However, there are no documented cases of ocular involvement in humans by Pasteurella caecimuris. We herein report the first case of APOE by this species. P. caecimuris induced endophthalmitis is very fulminant in nature and should be dealt with aggressive intervention.
The assessment of 18F-FDG PET/CT in IgG4-related disease: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Xi Lei , Zhao Feng , Wang Siyun , Cui Ying
Published: January 2024

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is easily misdiagnosed. We report a case of IgG4-RD, whose main complaint was swollen eyelids, revealed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and confirmed by pathological analysis from the submaxillary nodes. A 49-year-old woman complained about a bilateral swollen eyelid with blurred vision for 2 years. An enlarged submandibular lymph node was found during a physical examination. Head-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the nasopharyngeal soft tissues were thickened, and the bilateral cervical lymph nodes were enlarged. A nasopharyngoscopy and tissue biopsy indicated chronic inflammation. 18F-FDG PET/CT was taken to eliminate malignant tumor metastasis, and the results suggest autoimmune disease. A biopsy of submandibular lymphatic nodes was taken, and the immunohistochemical staining showed IgG4-positive cells. Finally, IgG4-RD was diagnosed with elevated serum IgG4. The diagnosis of IgG4-RD is based on a comprehensive judgment of clinical symptoms, serum IgG4 levels, imaging studies, and pathological evidence. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the general conditions of patients who complain of unexplained ocular swelling, and 18F-FDG PEC/CT is strongly recommended. Compared with histopathologic examination, 18F-FDG PEC/CT can display changes in morphology and metabolism in involved organs and is noninvasive. It can be helpful in detecting, diagnosing, characterizing, and monitoring the response of the IgG4-RD.
Double arcus cornealis: A case report
Authors: Garg Pragati , Shukla Ruchi , Mishra Ashutosh K , Singh Swarastra P
Published: January 2024

The corneal arcus is a degenerative change that involves lipid deposition and presents as a white circumferential band located in the peripheral cornea. Arcus occurs with age (arcus senilis) and is not considered pathologic; it can also be associated with hyperlipoproteinemia in younger age groups (arcus juvenilis). A single ring of arcus senilis is a universal phenomenon. Here we present a case of double arcus in a 55-year-old patient who had no history of any systemic disease. Double arcus senilis was bilateral with a circular, clear zone between the two rings as well as between the limbus and outer ring of arcus. On routine blood investigations, serum triglycerides (220.2 mg/dL) and serum very low-density lipoprotein (44.04 mg/dL) were found to be in the higher range.
Hereditary juvenile macular dystrophy: A series of three cases
Authors: Badakere Akshay , Panicker Gayathri J , Agarkar Sumita
Published: January 2024

Hereditary juvenile macular dystrophy (HJMD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CDH3 gene. The “ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, and macular dystrophy syndrome” (EEMS) is caused by the CDH3 mutation and is characterized by macular dystrophy, hypotrichosis, dysplastic nails, partial anodontia, and various limb defects. We present a series of three cases with HJMD. The important clinical features, ocular and systemic, and genetic tests performed are highlighted in our case series.
Traumatic intracorneal cyst and review of literature
Authors: Shah Sushmita G , Parikh Vatsal S , Raichura Drushti N , Shah Gaurav Y
Published: January 2024

A 32-year-old male was referred to us with complaints of a progressively increasing white spot in his right eye, following a lamellar corneal tear. A diagnosis of traumatic intracorneal cyst was made. The cyst was successfully treated by chemical cauterization using 96% ethanol. At the final follow-up, no recurrence of cyst was noted. We conclude that lamellar corneal tears should be sutured to avoid complications like development of intracorneal cyst. Aspiration of cyst content followed by repeated irrigation of cyst cavity with 96% ethanol and balanced salt solution can help in successful resolution without recurrence.
Multimodal imaging of acute fovealitis with angular sign of Henle fiber layer hyperreflectivity (ASHH): Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sampurna , Chattree Surabhi , Divya Nellutla S , Majumdar Bristi , Sen Ahana , Desai Janhavi R , Saurabh Kumar , Roy Rupak
Published: January 2024

Acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (ARPE) is a rare and transient macular disorder that was first described by Krill and Deutman in 1972. Later, Gerardo Ledesma-Gil and Spaide described a novel disease named acute fovealitis in 2022. According to them, this entity was different from ARPE on the basis of distinct features found in high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Angular sign of Henle fiber layer hyperreflectivity (ASHH) is a newly described terminology that is caused by an acute insult to photoreceptor compartments. In this article, we report a case that has both the ophthalmoscopic and OCT features of acute fovealitis as described in the literature, with the presence of ASHH in the acute stage, which resolves on its own rapidly along with the symptoms without any intervention.
Combined central retinal vein occlusion and cilioretinal artery occlusion in an MTHFR C677T homozygous 26-year-old patient with hyperhomocysteinemia: Case report
Authors: Ioannidou Estelle , Tseriotis Vasilis-Spyridon , Syriga Maria , Blougouras Thanos , Soumplis Vasileios , Karampelas Michael
Published: January 2024

A 26-year-old female patient presented with sudden, painless visual disturbances in her right eye (RE). Fundus examination revealed signs of a central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) (hemorrhages, mild venous tortuosity, mild disc swelling, and blurred disc margins), as well as a white ischemic area nasal to the optic nerve, suggesting a possible cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO). A diagnosis of combined CRVO and nasal CLRAO with homozygosity for the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and elevated levels of serum homocysteine was made. The patient was prescribed folic and acetylsalicylic acid and subsequent follow-up demonstrated gradual improvement.
Successful resolution of ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis with intravitreal foscarnet in a seronegative patient of psoriasis on immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Dasgupta Debarati , Pradhan Arkaprava , Sudharshan S , Raman Rajiv , Biswas Jyotirmay
Published: January 2024

We report an unusual case of intravitreal ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMVR) retinitis in a patient with psoriasis taking immunosuppressant medications, who responded to intravitreal foscarnet. A 37-year-old male patient presented with signs of CMVR (dense vitritis, retinal necrosis, and intra-retinal hemorrhages). He was resistant to treatment with intravitreal ganciclovir but responded well to intravitreal foscarnet. He was followed up for 4 months, and complete resolution of the lesion with improvement of vision was observed. Management of ganciclovir-resistant CMVR is challenging, intravitreal foscarnet is effective in such cases.
Isolated Sacrococcygeal Plexiform Neurofibroma in a Child
Authors: Shankar Gowri , Umashankar Vidya Bangalore , Jadhav Vinay , Nargund Ashwini
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

This case report describes a 4-year-old girl with an isolated neurofibroma in the sacrococcygeal region. Although initially resembling sacrococcygeal teratoma, histopathology revealed a benign nerve sheath tumor. Wide local excision was performed, and the final diagnosis was plexiform neurofibroma. Diagnostic challenges in rare childhood tumors require stepwise evaluation and multidisciplinary team discussions.
Danger Down Under: A Pediatric Case of Penile Trauma with a Saw
Authors: Nair Anushka , Dsouza Dyan , Kumar A. R. Prasanna
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Partial penile amputation in the pediatric age group is an emergency and occurs mainly due to iatrogenic trauma or road traffic accidents. Such lesions are incapacitating and have a devastating psychological impact. We present the case of a 16-year-old boy who presented with an accidental, near-total penile amputation, and highlight our management plan as a favorable one.