bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A PERIKANAN PUKAT UDANG DI KABUPATEN MUKOMUKO YANG BERBASIS DI PANGKALAN PENDARATAN IKAN PASAR BANTAL
Authors: Erizal Arief , Wiyono Eko Sri , Zulkarnain  , Taurusman Am Azbas
Published: February 2024

Pukat udang di perairan Mukomuko mulai digunakan sejak tahun 1980-an. Sejak saat itu nelayan biasa menggunakan alat tangkap tersebut untuk menangkap udang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan unit penangkapan dan daerah penangkapan udang di Kabupaten Mukomuko yang berbasis Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Pasar Bantal. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah observasi dan wawancara dengan nelayan. Materi penelitian meliputi kapal penangkapan, metode pengoperasian alat tangkap, perlengkapan penangkapan, daerah penangkapan dan jenis udang target tangkapan, serta non targetnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapal yang digunakan oleh nelayan penangkap udang di perairan Mukomuko yaitu kapal motor berukuran 6 GT dengan menggunakan mesin diesel berukuran 30 PK yang diletakkan di bagian inboard kapal. Ukuran kapal yang digunakan oleh nelayan penangkap udang yaitu dengan panjang 10 meter, lebar 2,5 meter dan tinggi 1,1 meter. Kontruksi pukat udang terdiri dari ikatan tali kantong, kantong, badan, sayap, tali ris atas, tali ris bawah, pelampung, pemberat, besi, rantai, papan pembuka dan tali penarik. Adapaun proses pengoperasiannya terdiri dari setting, towing dan hauling. Hasil tangkapan utamanya yaitu udang jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis), udang krosok (Parapenaeopsis sp), udang dogol (Metapenaeus ensis), dan udang jambu (Metapenaeus dobsoni), di samping banyaknya bycatch dan tangkapan yang dibuang (discarded). Perlu upaya pengendalian alat tangkap pukat udang agar tidak mengancam keberlanjutan sumberdaya udang di lokasi ini

Kata Kunci: Kabupaten Mukomuko, perikanan udang, PPI Pasar Bantal, pukat udang.
RECESSÃO GENGIVAL: DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO
Authors: Neta Maria Antonia Leonardo Pereira , Costa Layla Evellin Januário , Lindoso Larissa Silva , Lima Yasmin Amaral Rolim , Fonseca Isabela Abreu , Noronha Filho Marcos Jessé Santos De , Santos George Sampaio Bonates
Published: February 2024

As recessões gengivais são caracterizadas como a perda de inserção, que resulta na diminuição da faixa de gengiva, como consequência a exposição da superfície radicular e desta forma acometendo desconforto estético e doloroso por vezes ao paciente. Este trabalho procura demostrar os preceitos, fundamentos e as características que propiciam o estabelecimento de uma condição mucogengival denominada recessão gengival. O presente trabalho é uma revisão de literatura os artigos foram selecionados através das bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, Scielo e Pubmed, bem como os descritores “Doenças Periodontais”, “Recessão gengival” e “Periodontia”. Conhecer todas as características da recessão é de extrema importância, a periodontia clínica correlaciona com todas as áreas suportes da odontologia e assim como tratar cada uma delas aumenta o sucesso no recobrimento radicular porque permite o diagnóstico correto da causa da recessão. Portanto, o diagnóstico é imprescindível para que o Cirurgião Dentista possa escolher o melhor tratamento e ter um prognóstico para compartilhar com seus pacientes.

Palavras-chaves: Doenças Periodontais, recessão gengival, periodontia.
TOXINA BOTULÍNICA COMO ALTERNATIVA NO TRATAMENTO DA PARALISIA DE BELL
Authors: Neta Maria Antonia Leonardo Pereira , Dalbom Vinícius Corrêa , Pereira Jéssica Raiane Pacheco , Lindoso Larissa Silva , Alcântara Chrystian Ramos , Fonseca Isabela Abreu , Noronha Filho Marcos Jessé Santos De , Santos George Sampaio Bonates
Published: February 2024

Destaca-se que a paralisia facial de Bell é a patologia mais comum que afeta o nervo facial, ocorre unilateralmente e não apresenta causa específica. Deste modo, a toxina botulínica (TXB) tem sido uma imensa aliada na equipe multidisciplinar para o tratamento da paralisia facial de bell (PB).O presente estudo tem como característica alcançar o conhecimento do melhor protocolo e os efeitos da aplicação da toxina botulínica em pacientes com paralisia de Bell, bem como analisar as indicações e aplicabilidades clínicas do produto, verificando a qualidade de melhorias do paciente. Desta forma foi realizada uma revisão de literatura narrativa. Utilizando-se bases de dados, Pubmed, Google school, Scielo. Como critério de inclusão, foram eleitos 12 artigos publicados de maior evidência entre os anos 2012 a 2022 nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa. A terapêutica da paralisia facial periférica, utilizando-se de toxina botulínica tem como função reduzir ou eliminar as ações involuntárias dos músculos da face no lado paralisado e diminuir assimetria, logo o sorotipo A da toxina botulínica foi o único utilizado para o tratamento mediante descritos nos artigos encontrados, é notório também que a quantidade é individualizada mediante a sequela do paciente. Desta forma, é primordial que o profissional conheça as técnicas adequadas, para que seja empregue ações clínicas eficazes na reabilitação dos pacientes com paralisia facial de bell. Assim, os estudos publicados evidenciam que a (TXB) é eficaz e segura, sendo uma excelente opção para melhorar a assimetria facial do paciente.

Palavras-chave: Toxina botulínica. Paralisia de Bell. Assimetria facial.
DIAGNÓSTICO, CONDUTAS CLÍNICAS E PROGNÓSTICO DE DENTES QUE SOFRERAM TRAUMA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Neta Maria Antonia Leonardo Pereira , Nóbrega Dara Lourenna Silva da , Silva Emanuelly Cristina Lopes , Miranda Lucas Vinícyus Lima Maia , Dalbom Vinícius Corrêa , Silva Maria Cecília Oliveira Da , Santos Rafaela Thaisa Anchieta , Carvalho Vitoria Santos , Carvalho Rosiane Ferreira Viegas , Santos George Sampaio Bonates
Published: February 2024

O traumatismo dentário consiste em uma urgência odontológica que necessita de uma atenção especial em função dos impactos aos pacientes. Diante disso, essa pesquisa buscou desenvolver uma revisão de literatura que busque avaliar como se dá o tratamento endodôntico em dentes traumatizados. Neste trabalho foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico utilizando artigos disponíveis nos bancos de dados Pubmed, Scielo, Bireme e Google Acadêmico. O traumatismo dentário é definido como consequência de uma injúria térmica, química ou mecânica, que acomete em dente e seus tecidos de suporte. Quando ocorre um trauma dentário é necessário que condutas adequadas sejam tomadas de imediato, pois aumentam as chances de obter um bom prognóstico em relação ao dente, visto que falhas durante o socorro podem causar a perda do elemento dentário. De acordo com a International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) para casos de avulsão dentária, o reimplante é na maioria das vezes o tratamento de escolha, mas nem sempre pode ser realizado imediatamente. Existem também situações nas quais o reimplante não é indicado, como dentes com presença de cáries extensas ou doença periodontal, em pacientes não colaboradores ou que são portadores de condições sistêmicas graves como imunossupressão e doenças cardíacas severas. Portanto, os traumas dentários implicam em complicações sociais, funcionais e estéticas para o paciente e por isso, é precípuo que se faça o correto diagnóstico e tratamento inicial correto o mais breve possível, para estabilizar o fragmento na região com algum tipo de contenção.

Palavras-chave: Traumatismo dentário, Reimplante dentário, Endodontia.
SERVIÇO SOCIAL E SAÚDE MENTAL: A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO ASSISTENTE SOCIAL NA GARANTIA DE DIREITOS NO ÂMBITO DO CAPS
Authors: Farias Regiane da Conceição
Published: February 2024

A (re)construção histórica do Serviço Social na Saúde Mental ajudará a entendermos seu processo de intervenção e o saber profissional neste campo da Saúde Mental de modo a consolidar e ampliar a intervenção com os usuários dos CAPS. Nesse sentido, considera-se que o processo histórico no qual a Saúde Mental se desenvolveu reflete atualmente na visão que a sociedade apresenta das pessoas com transtornos mentais. Essa ideologia que se propagou a ainda se propagada é construído pela própria sociedade, é esta quem vai estabelecer quem é aquela pessoa considerada “normal” ou “sadia” e aquela que não se adapta aos padrões, ou a considerada “doente”. E, com isso, o objetivo geral desse trabalho é analisar a contribuição do Serviço Social na garantia de direitos da saúde mental no CAPs. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, com bases de dados e obras relacionadas à temática, impressos ou online, artigos científicos e teses, com caráter apenas descritivo. Conclui-se, que a abordagem de tais aspectos é fundamental para uma melhor compreensão da importância de se discutir as dimensões do Serviço Social e Saúde Mental e refletir sobre as dificuldades do profissional do Serviço Social diante de tal fenômeno.

Palavras-chave: Saúde Mental, CAPs, Serviço Social.
Cost Assessment of Corticosteroid Therapy for Corticosteroid-sensitive Dermatoses in a Resource-limited Country
Authors: Karabinta Y , Konaté M , Karambé T , Keita ACF , Dicko A , Traoré C , Sylla O , Coulibaly S , Gassama M , Koné C , Dissa L , Pr Kéita S
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Corticosteroid therapy is widely used in dermatology for treating various conditions. In France, the cost of corticosteroid treatment varies, and in Mali, a significant prevalence of corticosteroid-treated diseases has been reported. Given the prolonged treatment duration often required, understanding the cost implications in resource-limited settings is crucial. Patients and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study took place at the dermatology department of the University Hospital Center of Dermatology in Bamako. Data were prospectively collected from patients undergoing corticosteroid therapy over one year. Variables included sociodemographic data, clinical information, and medication costs. Results: During the study period, 24 cases of dermatoses treated with corticosteroids were identified among 125 hospitalized patients, representing a prevalence of 19.2%. Most patients were women (58.3%), with an average age of 37.5 years. Lichen planus (54.2%) and pemphigus (37.5%) were the most common pathologies. Many patients had extensive lesions before treatment, but the majority responded well to corticosteroids. Discussion: Despite study limitations, such as its descriptive nature, it provided valuable insights into the economic evaluation of long-term corticosteroid therapy. The predominance of women, the age distribution, and the prevalence of specific dermatoses were highlighted. The study also revealed the substantial financial burden of corticosteroid treatment, primarily driven by direct costs. Conclusion: The study underscores the financial challenges associated with long-term corticosteroid therapy in dermatology in Mali. The high costs adversely affect patients and their families, especially considering the socioeconomic status of many patients. Moreover, the findings emphasize the importance of comprehensive care strategies and the need for accessible healthcare solutions to address these challenges effectively.
Effect of Lower Extremity Training in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Ann Reena Rajan
Published: February 2024

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a symmetrical length-dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy due to chronic hyperglycemia. The World Health Organization (WHO) identified diabetes as a major global health concern. Diabetic neuropathy is characterized by motor dysfunctions (weakness and atrophy) especially at the distal muscles of lower limbs, and impaired dynamic muscular control in type 2 diabetes patients. Symptoms start in a distal-to proximal pattern in the feet, and ankle and proximally in the hip and knee for both flexors and extensors. Proximal muscle weakness affects postural stability. Dorsiflexor weakness causes increased hip, knee flexion and metatarsophalangeal extension in the initial swing whereas weakness in plantar flexors causes a greater amount of hip and knee flexion during the stance phase. Methodology: 34 subjects with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy who fulfilled all the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Ethical standards have been maintained and informed consent was taken. Subjects were randomly assigned by lottery method into two groups, intervention, and control with 17 in each. Since it is a single blinded study subjects were blinded about the interventions provided. Pre and post-test scores were taken before and after 4 weeks using Surface Electromyography (sEMG), Kinovea Software, Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) and Short Form -36 (SF-36). Results: The pre and post-score values of the kinematics of gait, Functional Gait Assessment, and Short Form - 36 were analyzed using a Paired t-test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test within the group analysis, Mann- Whitney U test and Independent t-test for between the group analysis. Both groups displayed notable variations, whereas the intervention group exhibited more significant differences (p < 0.05). Thus, it can be inferred that lower extremity training significantly improves gait kinematics and quality of life in diabetic neuropathy. Conclusion: Lower extremity training is effective in improving the kinematics of gait and quality of life in diabetic neuropathy.
Schoenberg at the Movies
Authors: Neumeyer David
Published: February 2024

Composers used the twelve-tone method in film scores
from the 1950’s and 60’s. This essay, however, focuses on a much
earlier work: Schoenberg’s Begleitungsmusik zu einer
Lichtspielszene, Op. 34 (1930), which was, however, commissioned
for a cinema-music library, not a specific film. I apply simple
commutation tests to gauge how Opus 34 might actually function as
background music, and I assess the implications of questions that
arise about musical culture and class differences.
An Algebraic Approach to Mathematical Models of Scales
Authors: Lindley Mark , Turner-Smith Ronald
Published: February 2024

Although mathematical models of the scale have always been
characteristic of Western music theory, in the last 200 years they have
not been very much improved (although some interesting properties of
scales have been defined in recent years). This article describes our
effort in a new book to contribute to this part of music theory by using
some appropriate concepts of modern algebra.
Review of Robert Cogan, New Images of Musical Sound (Harvard University Press, 1984)
Authors: Smoliar Stephen
Published: February 2024

While Robert Cogan’s New Images of Musical Sound is

now over ten years old, the applicability of Fourier analysis as a

basis for music theory is still a relevant issue. This review

attempts to put Cogan’s work into both a technical perspective,

regarding what sound analysis technology now supports, and a

theoretical one, regarding his attempt to build a theory on the

foundations of phonology. From a technical point of view, it is

now far easier to approach analysis as Cogan has done; but his

attempt to build a theory suffers from some significant.
Review of Mark Lindley’s and Ronald Turner-Smith’s Mathematical Models of Musical Scales: A New Approach (Verlag fuer systematische Musikwissenschaft, 1993)
Authors: Cuciurean John
Published: February 2024

In Mathematical Models of Musical Scales,

Mark Lindley and Ronald Turner-Smith attempt to model scales

by rejecting traditional Pythagorean ideas and applying

modern algebraic techniques of group theory. In a recent

MTO collaboration, the same authors summarize their work

with less emphasis on the mathematical apparatus. This review

complements that article, discussing sections of the book

the article ignores and examining unique aspects of their

models.
Contemporary Music Theory and the New Musicology
Authors: McCreless Patrick
Published: February 2024

Continuing tensions between contemporary music theory and

the new musicology suggest the need for music theorists to step back

and look at their discipline in terms of the fresh perspective that

the new musicology offers—a task that the following essays by Scott

Burnham, Marion Guck, Matthew Brown, Joseph Dubiel, and Kofi Agawu

undertake. The introduction provides an intellectual context for the

essays by reflecting on the short history of modern American music

theory, beginning around 1960, and by reading the relationship of

contemporary theory and the new musicology in terms of Michel

Foucault’ss work on power and knowledge.
The Deconstruction of Musicology
Authors: Walker Jonathan
Published: February 2024

This essay is a critical examination of the claims of

deconstruction and “textuality.” The three sections of the argument

concern: I. Derrida, in one of his most frequently cited deconstructions;

II. the problems of Saussurean semantics and post-structuralist textuality;

III. broadly deconstructive strategies to be found in musicological

writings.
Report from the Three Seminars on Contemporary Music with Connection to the ISCM World Music Days in Copenhagen, 1996
Authors: Broman Per F.
Published: February 2024

University of Copenhagen, Department of

Musicology hosted a three-day series of lectures in

conjunction with the ISCM World Music Days in Copenhagen

1996. The unifying thread running through all seminars was

institutionalization of the avant-garde and the concept of

pluralism. Of particular interest from a theoretical

perspective was the presentation of Norwegian young scholar

Erling Gulbrandsen’s recent doctoral dissertation on

Boulez’s Pli selon Pli.
Handel, the Sarabande, and Levels of Genre
Authors: Willner Channan
Published: February 2024

In his commentary on my article, “More on Handel and the

Hemiola,” David Schulenberg favors a historically informed,

intertextual approach to the analysis of relatively unfamiliar works,

one that hinges on the listener’s knowledge of generically comparable

works. By way of reply I combine recent semiotic theory with a more

traditional Schenkerian approach to show how the narrative

articulation of generic topics shapes the way we hear, interpret, and

re-create such works, and how such articulation responds to tensions

that are inherent in stylistic and generic norms.
A Review of David Huron, The Humdrum Toolkit
Authors: Wild Jonathan
Published: February 2024

David Huron’s Humdrum Toolkit is a set of software

tools created for computer-assisted musical research. This review

describes and evaluates the Toolkit and the music representation

schemes

that support it.
A Taxonomy of Orchestral Grouping Effects Derived from Principles of Auditory Perception
Authors: McAdams Stephen , Goodchild Meghan , Soden Kit
Published: February 2024

The study of timbre and orchestration in symphonic music research is underexplored, and few theories attempt to explain strategies for combining and contrasting instruments and the resulting perception of orchestral structures and textures. An analysis of orchestration treatises and musical scores reveals an implicit understanding of auditory grouping principles by which many orchestration techniques give rise to predictable perceptual effects. We present a novel theory formalized in a taxonomy of devices related to auditory grouping principles that appear frequently in Western orchestration practices from a range of historical epochs. We develop three classes of orchestration analysis categories: concurrent grouping cues result in blended combinations of instruments; sequential grouping cues result in melodic lines, the integration of surface textures, and the segregation of melodies or stratified (foreground and background) layers based on acoustic (dis)similarities; segmental grouping cues contrast sequentially presented blocks of materials and contribute to the creation of perceptual boundaries. The theory predicts orchestration-based perceptual structuring in music and may be applied to music of any style, culture, or genre.
Intersubjectivity and Shared Dynamic Structure in Narrative Imaginings to Music
Authors: Margulis Elizabeth Hellmuth , Miller Natalie , Mitchell Nathaniel , Windholz Mauro Orsini , Williams Jamal , McAuley J. Devin
Published: February 2024

This paper digests a recent body of empirical work on narrative imaginings to music, bringing them into dialogue with existing theoretical frameworks. By examining the stories imagined at three geographic locations using various methods, these studies present converging evidence that intuitive imaginings to music can be strikingly similar across individuals, but only when they share a cultural background. The intersubjectivity of these imaginings extends not just to the stories’ content, but also to their dynamic event structure as imagined to unfold across the time course of the music.
The Melodic Organization ofThe Rite of Spring
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: February 2024

Most previous analytical studies ofTheRite of Springhave focused on its harmony and rhythm. This article shifts attention to its melodies—mostly short fragments that move repetitively within a narrow registral frame—and shows that they take on expressive meanings closely linked with the work’s dramatic scenario. In addition to operating in the manner of Wagnerian leitmotivs in relation to characters or dramatic situations, they are often bound together in expressive families through the manipulation of their dyads.
Music Theory at the Amsterdam School of Music
Authors: Douw Andre M. , Schuijer Michiel C.
Published: February 2024

The theory curricula offered by the classical music departments of the

former Sweelinck and Hilversum Conservatories represented two distinct trends in Dutch

music theory teaching. While the Sweelinck Conservatory’s courses reflected a

pragmatic view of the discipline, and laid much emphasis on harmony and ear-training,

those in Hilversum were more intellectually oriented, focusing attention on music analysis.

After these two strongly different institutes decided to merge to form the Amsterdam School

of Music, an entirely new theory curriculum had to be devised. Electives became a distinctive

feature of the new curriculum. Paragraphs 1–7 of this article deal with the historical aspects

of the merger, while in paragraphs 8–12 the new curriculum is described.
Review of Ethan Haimo, “Atonality Analysis, and the Intentional Fallacy,” Music Theory Spectrum (18/2), 167-199
Authors: Latham Edward D.
Published: February 2024

Ethan Haimo’s article, “Atonality, Analysis

and the Intentional Fallacy,” provokes thought on three

issues: 1) the issue of conscious vs. unconscious

intentions; 2) the issue of documentary evidence and its

uncritical acceptance; and 3) the evolution of pitch-class

set theory in the last twenty-five years. The present author

addresses these three issues and challenges Haimo’s conclusion

that analyses that do not take intentions into account

effectively replace the composer with the theorist as an

authority figure.
Chopin, Pygmies, and Tempo Fugue
Authors: Taylor Stephen A.
Published: February 2024

One of the goals of Gyorgy Ligeti’s ongoing series of piano

etudes (fifteen at last count) is to produce exceedingly complex

polyrhythms—or, as he says, “illusory rhythms”—with a single, human

interpreter. Among the most striking is number six, “Automne a

Varsovie” (1985), which combines disparate influences, including

19th-century piano music and sub-Saharan African polyrhythm, to

produce an effect which Ligeti has called “tempo fugue.” To see how

Ligeti’s fugue works, this article examines his various influences,

then analyzes the piece itself.
To Rosemary Killam
Authors: Morse Michael William
Published: February 2024

Professor Killam’s article in MTO 3.2 relies on forms of

rhetoric and argumentation which reiterate familiar tactics and reinscribe outmoded gender differences.
Using the Tools to Teach the Tools
Authors: Brinkman Alexander , Marvin Elizabeth West
Published: February 2024

The Eastman School of Music is engaged in a school-wide initiative to
broaden the scope of traditional music education, and to build new audiences
for art music in future generations. As part of this endeavor, students
in a new technology course are learning to experience and teach music in
a new way through the power of multimedia computing. Students learn to create
interactive multimedia applications on Macintosh computers that combine
color graphics, scanned images, video, sound files, MIDI synthesizer, music
notation, and tracks from commercial compact discs into a teaching environment
for their own students. This essay describes the syllabus, teaching methods,
and materials used in the course, and demonstrates sample student projects.
Review of David Schiff, The Music of Elliott Carter, 2nd ed. (Cornell University Press, 1998)
Authors: Jenkins J. Daniel
Published: February 2024

David Schiff’s 1998 second edition of the The Music of Elliott Carter, a much needed revision of the first edition, may leave unsatisfied the reader wanting to know more about the composer’s recent music. After a brief biography and glossary, Schiff surveys Carter’s output by genre. Schiff’s commentary and analyses are decorated by anecdotes. An extensive bibliography and discography, compiled by John Link, are also included.
Music Theory and Historical Awareness
Authors: McCreless Patrick
Published: February 2024

After clearly defining their respective turfs about twenty-five years ago, American music theory and musicology have more recently drawn somewhat more closely together. The paper seeks to place this trend in a historical context by showing how, in much recent work, the two disciplines share both a repertory of interest to both and a number of critical methodologies. It then takes the opening measures of the first movement of Shostakovich's First String Quartet as an example of how analytical and historical approaches might interact.
Navigating the nexus of security and privacy in modern financial technologies
Authors: Florence Olweny
Published: February 2024

As the financial service sector rapidly evolves with the integration of cutting-edge technologies, the intersection of security and privacy becomes paramount. This paper delves into the intricate landscape of security and privacy issues within the financial service sector, offering a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and opportunities presented by emerging technologies. From blockchain to artificial intelligence, the paper explores the vulnerabilities inherent in these innovations and the consequential threats to sensitive financial data. Through an examination of recent case studies, regulatory frameworks, and technological advancements, this work aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the evolving threat landscape. Additionally, the paper proposes strategic solutions and best practices to fortify the security and privacy architecture surrounding financial technologies, fostering a resilient and trustworthy ecosystem. This research contributes to the ongoing dialogue surrounding the imperative of safeguarding financial systems, ensuring that innovation aligns seamlessly with the imperatives of confidentiality, integrity, and availability in an era where financial services and technological advancements are inextricably linked.
Review for QSAR studies and drug design of selected heterocyclic nucleus of antitubercular drugs
Authors: R ROBIN JIYO  , M VETRIVEL RAJAN  , M. HARI SANKERJI
Published: February 2024

This review article explores the pressing issue of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which have emerged due to the widespread and uncontrolled use of antibiotics in clinical settings over several decades. In response to this challenge, various methods have been developed for synthesizing new antitubercular compounds. Among these, the fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) approach has shown promise as an effective strategy. One class of compounds that has exhibited significant potential in combating tuberculosis is 1,2-diazoles. The article discusses the importance of these compounds and their potential as future antitubercular drugs. Additionally, it delves into the various strategies employed in drug development, emphasizing the relevance and efficacy of FBDD. Analytical methods play a crucial role in characterizing antitubercular antibiotics, and the article highlights liquid chromatography and voltammetry as preferred techniques for determining these compounds. The redox (oxidation/reduction) properties of antituberculars make them amenable to analysis using electrochemical methods, with voltammetry being particularly suitable. Furthermore, the article underscores the significance of utilizing voltammetry for quantifying different categories of antibiotics in both dosage forms and human body fluids. The affordability of this method makes it particularly advantageous for developing countries, providing a cost-effective approach to monitor and assess the presence of antitubercular drugs. Overall, the review article offers valuable insights into the current strategies for addressing drug resistance in tuberculosis and highlights the potential of 1,2-diazoles as future antitubercular agents.
Ad fontes! Para una historia de la cultura jurídica liberal
Authors: Petit Calvo Carlos
Published: February 2024

Fruto de mis experiencias de trabajo, estas páginas presentan algunos de los problemas que encierra el uso de materiales jurídicos del siglo XIX, convertidos en fuentes documentales para el conocimiento del derecho liberal. La necesidad de utilizar un nuevo lenguaje para nombrar históricos cambios institucionales, la explosión de la prensa periódica en paralelo a nuevas ideas sobre la vigencia temporal de la norma, la pervivencia de formas orales de expresión jurídica sin perjuicio, falsa paradoja, del auge de la imprenta... presentan varias dificultades al investigador, como las derivadas del empleo de las revistas y las obras de producción seriada, sin olvidar las incertidumbres que reodearon el tenor de los textos legales, y aun constitucionales.
La paradoja de estilo chestertoniano como método de análisis del derecho desde la perspectiva iusfilosófica
Authors: Romero Wenz Lukas
Published: February 2024

Se propone un método paradójico para el análisis del Derecho. Este método de conocimiento consiste en una mirada a la complejidad del fenómeno jurídico, presentando sus aspectos complejos en forma de aparentes contradicciones. No son contradicciones reales, sino elementos complejos que, al constatarlos como0 dándose conjuntamente, nos permite dotar de profundidad nuestra reflexión.
Hay diferentes maneras de definir la paradoja, pero aquí nos centramos en las cualidades literarias, retóricas y filosóficas que ofrece el tipo o tipos de paradoja utilizados, de forma magistral, por el escritor inglés G.K. Chesterton. De las funciones de las paradojas (desde esta perspectiva, pero no solamente) son especialmente útiles para el análisis jurídico: criticar el sistema de pensamiento y abrir a la realidad. La primera se relaciona con el Derecho porque este siempre está bajo la amenaza del formalismo. La segunda se relaciona con él porque el Derecho es un fenómeno humano, de forma que, cuando hablamos de Derecho, estamos analizando la realidad compleja de la persona humana. Esta nos e puede reducir a una sola de sus dimensiones, y por ello es necesaria la paradoja, para equilibrar los distintos enfoques del análisis.
Tras explicar todo esto, se procede en el artículo a sugerir siete paradojas que muestran la complejidad del fenómeno jurídico y pretenden ser retos al pensamiento.
Associating speaker variables with English pronunciation ratings in Spanish tertiary education
Authors: Pietraszek Mateusz
Published: February 2024

Although the use of English in the ever-changing context of bilingual tertiary education has been extensively studied to date, pronunciation research in the field is still scarce. This paper aims at providing empirical data regarding the hypothesised impact of bilingual education programmes on pronunciation performance operationalised through the notions of intelligibility, comprehensibility and foreign-accentedness. For this purpose, 60 advanced speakers of English from a Spanish university (enrolled both in bilingual and monolingual degree courses) were recorded and assessed by 330 international English speakers from 30 different L1s. Both the speakers and the listeners completed a basic sociodemographic questionnaire. The independent variables were related to the participants’ (1) reported exposure to bilingual instruction at the previous and current levels of education, as well as (2) their overall level in English and (3) their exposure to English abroad. The findings showed that bilingual education was in no way associated with differences in pronunciation ratings. However, the speakers’ level and their experience abroad were correlated with the comprehensibility and foreign-accentedness scores. The results are not only consequential for the understanding of the (lack of) impact of bilingual variables on pronunciation, but they also allow to examine the adequacy of the CEFR phonological descriptors.
Teaching and Learning for Mutual Respect: A Framework for Disrupting Pervasive Power Asymmetries
Authors: Hegseth Whitney M.
Published: February 2024

This article establishes a framework for teaching and learning for mutual respect. I define mutual respect as intervening on power asymmetries typically found in classrooms by way of according students increased equality, autonomy, and equity. In highlighting how equality, autonomy, and equity interact in ongoing and unpredictable ways in classrooms, this framework permits greater awareness of the many dilemmas with which educators are faced. Furthermore, by attending to the different ways mutual respect can be operationalized (i.e., instruction, organization, social relations), this framework can assist school leaders when determining how school-level decisions may interact with mutual respect in classrooms. This framework is thus a tool for researchers and educators when considering how to transform teaching and learning to promote social justice.
Historical research on modern Chinese design history
Authors: Sun Haiyan
Published: February 2024

The history of modern Chinese design is a very important content and topic in the scope of design history researches. This article analyzes in detail the historical research content of modern Chinese design history, discusses the problems and limitations in the process of historical research, analyzes the specific factors affecting design history.
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Anomalies Resolved
Authors: Arnold James Robert
Published: February 2024

A model of the universe is offered that can derive the Hubble Constant independent of empirical measurement, using just a midline estimate of the age of the universe and simple arithmetic calculations. It can explain the JWST discoveries of apparent anomalous early galaxy formations without need of substantial revisions to established astrophysical theories, as the new findings have seemed to require. Concepts of “Dark energy”, cosmic flatness, cosmic inflation, and an accelerating expansion of the universe are rendered unnecessary or at least partly mistaken.
A INTANGIBILIDADE DO BITCOIN E SEU POTENCIAL COMO MOEDA FIDUCIÁRIA
Authors: CLAUDIO ALEXANDRE APARECIDO
Published: February 2024

Não apenas estamos vivenciando o maior avanço tecnológico do milênio, como também estamos enfrentando a maior adaptação forçada de nosso cotidiano. Nossas relações comerciais dependem de entidades para garantir a transação de forma rápida e eficaz, e estamos altamente dependentes de agentes externos às nossas negociações. O presente artigo busca explorar a história da moeda, desde o escambo até a forma fiduciária que temos hoje, como forma de compreender o histórico de confiança desenvolvido em suas modificações. Além disso, busca-se, com base em fatos históricos, identificar as fragilidades que essa confiança possui, desde as crises vivenciadas até a construção de uma nova tecnologia capaz de descentralizar o sistema financeiro e suprir a falta de confiabilidade, as blockchains. O Bitcoin apresentou potencial como agente fiduciário, mas ainda assim, é altamente dependente de confiança mútua entre os agentes para sua aplicabilidade eficaz em grandes escalas.
On the viability of detrital Rb-Sr geochronology
Authors: Larson Kyle P , Dyck Brendan , Shrestha Sudip , Button Mark , Najman Yani
Published: February 2024

Re-examination of sediment samples collected from the Bay of Bengal via laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) Rb-Sr geochronology demonstrates the viability of the Rb-Sr system for use as a detrital chronometer. The age population defined by the Rb-Sr dates essentially reproduces that previously published for detrital 40Ar/39Ar dates. The assumed initial 87Sr/86Sr on the calculated population has some influence on the age of the final population, but that influence can be ameliorated by filtering for higher 87Rb/86Sr ratios. The 87Rb/86Sr ratio cut-off used for such filters to minimize the effect of initial 87Sr/86Sr on the final population is strongly dependant on the age of the material being analysed (i.e. ~> 87Rb/86Sr = 500 @ 250 Ma and ~>87Rb/86Sr = 50 @ 2500 Ma). Finally, Ti-in-biotite temperatures calculated based on data collected during LA-ICP-MS overlap with those calculated for the same material based on electron probe microanalyzer data demonstrating the potential for petrochronolgy based on the Rb-Sr system.
Validation of the Imperial Psychedelic Predictor Scale
Authors: Angyus Michael , Osborn Sarah , Haijen Eline , Erritzoe David , Peill Joseph , Lyons Taylor , Kettner Hannes , Carhart-Harris Robin
Published: February 2024

Access to psychedelic drugs is liberalizing, yet responses are highly unpredictable. It is therefore imperative that we improve our ability to predict the nature of the acute psychedelic experience to improve safety and optimize potential therapeutic outcomes. This study sought to validate the ‘Imperial Psychedelic Predictor Scale’ (IPPS), a short, widely applicable, prospective measure intended to be predictive of salient dimensions of the psychedelic experience. Using four independent datasets in which the IPPS was completed prospectively – two online surveys of ‘naturalistic’ use (N = 741, N = 836) and two controlled administration datasets (N = 30, N = 28) – we conducted factor analysis, regression, and correlation analyses to assess the construct, predictive, and convergent validity of the IPPS. Our approach produced a 9-item scale with good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.8) containing three factors: set, rapport, and intention. The IPPS was significantly predictive of ‘mystical’, ‘challenging’, and ‘emotional breakthrough’ experiences. In a controlled administration dataset (N = 28), multiple regression found set and rapport explaining 40% of variance in mystical experience, and simple regression found set explained 16% of variance in challenging experience. In another (N = 30), rapport was related to emotional breakthrough explaining 9% of the variance. Together, these data suggest that the IPPS is predictive of relevant acute features of the psychedelic experience in a broad range of contexts. We hope that this brief 9-item scale will be widely adopted for improved knowledge of psychedelic preparedness in controlled settings and beyond.
The burden of experience: Remembering life events increases poor people's rejection of risky but favorable bets
Authors: Ronzani Piero , Mittone Luigi , Savadori Lucia
Published: February 2024

The burden of poverty is caused by both material deprivation and the psychological threat associated with it. Poverty has been found to diminish cognitive ability and cause the poor to forego beneficial programs. In the present study, we examined how exacerbating the psychological burden of poverty through an intervention that asked participants to recall a negative personal experience that made them feel unsuccessful influences the rate of acceptance of mixed gambles. Mixed gambles yield both gains and losses and simulate choices in life that contain both a risk of loss and an opportunity for gain. A second group of participants was asked to recall a positive personal experience that made them feel successful or proud, while a third group was not assigned any recall task. Experiment 1 targeted the intervention to a group of people living in extreme poverty in Kenya. Experiment 2 replicated the study in a group of non-poor students in Italy. Experiment 3 replicated the study online with a heterogeneous sample of people living in the UK. Results showed that recalling a negative life experience significantly reduced the average expected value of the accepted gambles. Recalling a positive life experience also significantly reduced the average expected value of accepted bets, although to a lesser extent. However, the treatments only affected poor individuals (Experiment 1), whereas non-poor individuals (Experiments 2 and 3) were immune to this effect. In addition, neither education nor cognitive ability was found to mediate the effect. These findings show that the burden of poverty can increase loss aversion, discouraging the poor from accepting risky investments with a positive expected value that could help them escape poverty in the long run, such as investments in personal education, small businesses, or retirement plans.
An Examination of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Schizophrenia
Authors: Yang Yoon Hee , Hallford David John , Villanueva-Romero Clara M. , Hernández-Viadel Jose V. , Ricarte Jorge
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Schizophrenia is associated with multiple comorbidities and symptoms, suggestive of common transdiagnostic processes. Elevated intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is one such transdiagnostic process, but little research has been conducted on IU in schizophrenia. Methods: This study assessed the associations between IU, schizophrenia diagnosis, and schizophrenia symptoms using a between-groups cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 113 participants, 72 people with a schizophrenia diagnosis and 41 control participants without (73 male, 40 female, age range 19-69 (M = 42.1, SD = 13.0)). Measures of schizophrenia symptoms, IU, depression and anxiety symptoms, rumination, executive functioning, and rumination were taken. Results: Schizophrenia diagnosis was predicted by lower prospective IU and higher levels of inhibitory IU. Specifically, the prospective subscale was uniquely associated with general schizophrenia symptoms. Higher levels of positive symptoms were associated with higher prospective IU and lower inhibitory IU, however, not when anxiety and depressive symptoms, rumination, and verbal fluency were controlled for. No unique associations were found with negative symptoms. Conclusions: Different directions of association between the subtypes of IU and schizophrenia diagnosis, as well as distinct relationships between IU and symptom subtypes suggest that prospective and inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty have distinct associations with the disorder.
Sifting for the Central Cycles: Daily Assessments of Patient Causal Perceptions to Create Clinically Useful and Reliable Symptom Networks
Authors: Klintwall Lars
Published: February 2024

The network approach to psychopathology is promising, but progress has been hampered by finding methods to create valid and reliable symptom networks for individual patients. One method is to use patient perceptions of causal relations, which risks missing relations due to recall limits. This study evaluated the reliability and validity of four networks created using brief daily assessments of perceived causal relations. Five patients at a university therapy clinic completed one week of pre-training with daily assessments of causal relations between common psychiatric problems. After this, items were individualized and assessed for three weeks. Resulting networks for five patients were all stable and evaluated as clinically useful by both patients themselves and their therapists. Even with individualization the networks tended to include the same nodes (worrying, physical inactivity and fatigue were in all five), and worrying was central to all but one of the networks. The sample is not representative of psychiatry patients in general, and future studies should investigate the method in a larger sample of more severe clinical cases.
What is the nexus between migration and mobility? A framework to understand the interplay between different ideal types of human movement
Authors: Piccoli Lorenzo , Gianni Matteo , Ruedin Didier , Achermann Christin , Dahinden Janine , Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik Paula , Nedelcu Mihaela , Zittoun Tania
Published: February 2024

Categorising certain forms of human movement as ‘migration’ and others as ‘mobility’ has far-reaching consequences. We introduce the migration-mobility nexus (MMN) as a framework for other researchers to interrogate the relationship between these two categories of human movement and explain how they shape different social representations. Our framework articulates four ideal-typical interplays between categories of migration and categories of mobility: continuum (fluid mobilities transform into more stable forms of migration and vice versa), enablement (migration requires mobility, and mobility can trigger migration), hierarchy (migration and mobility are political categories that legitimise hierarchies of movement), and opposition (migration and mobility are pitted against each other). These interplays reveal the normative underpinnings of different categories, which we argue are too often implicit and unacknowledged.
Hernia de Littré
Authors: Condor Gualpa Luis Joel , Yépez Yerovi Fabián Eduardo
Published: February 2024

La hernia de Littré es un hallazgo raro con menos de 100 casos reportados en la literatura, que se describe como la presencia de un divertículo de Meckel dentro de un saco herniario. Su incidencia es desconocida, pero se ha informado que el 1% de los pacientes con divertículo de Meckel desarrollará una hernia de Littré. Aunque el divertículo de Meckel es más común en hombres, la Hernia de Littré se presenta de manera similar tanto en hombres como en mujeres, y se expone típicamente como una hernia femoral, inguinal y umbilical. La hernia de Littré puede permanecer asintomática, siendo diagnosticada en forma incidental durante la cirugía, presentar síntomas y signos inespecíficos como dolor abdominal, distensión, náuseas y vómitos o desarrollar un cuadro complicado como estrangulamiento, encarcelamiento, perforación y fístula enterocutánea. Su diagnóstico definitivo, por lo general, se encuentra intraoperatoriamente durante la reparación de la hernia. El tratamiento es quirúrgico e incluye la reparación del defecto herniario y el manejo del divertículo de Meckel. La resección del divertículo de Meckel está indicada en los casos de hernia de Littré complicada, pero la resección en el contexto de un divertículo de Meckel asintomático hallado incidentalmente es un caso particular que plantea dilemas terapéuticos.
Harmonising Food Safety and Friendly Service through Halal and Toyyib Principles
Authors: Md Dahlal Norazilawati , Sheereza Mohamed Saniff  , Che NurHidayu Che Noh
Published: February 2024

The widespread problem of food poisoning poses a serious threat to public health, with potentially severe consequences, including death. Food vendors need to prioritize offering halal and safe, flavorful food, ensuring excellent taste and service quality for consumers. This paper explores implementing food safety and friendly services aligned with halal and toyyib principles to address food safety and quality issues effectively. These principles include the physical characteristics of the product in accordance with Shari’ah law (P1); products that are sourced ethically and responsibly (P2); products that meet high standards of quality and safety (P3); functioning as servant and caliph of Allah in managing according to Allah's commands and prohibitions (P4); not excessively wasteful or extravagant (P5); positive moral and spiritual implications associated with the product (P6); and aimed at achieving prosperity in both this life and the hereafter (P7). This review article delves into how widespread and consequential it is to establish a structure for ensuring food safety and quality in the halal industry. By closely examining the halal and toyyib principles in the food sector, it becomes clear that grasping the importance of each principle is crucial for upholding the utmost standards in the halal and toyyib food sectors.