bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Models of the Mass-ejection Histories of Pre-planetary Nebulae. III. The Shaping of Lobes by Post-AGB Winds
Authors: Balick Bruce , Frank Adam , Liu Baowei
Published: May 2019

We develop a physical framework for interpreting high-resolution images and kinematics of pre-planetary nebulae (“prePNe”). We use hydrodynamical models to infer the historical properties of fast collimated nuclear flows (“jet”) that successfully form hollow, candle-shaped lobes over ≈103 yr, including the density, momenta, and geometry of the jet and its environment. Next we vary the most influential parameters of this “baseline” model to investigate how changes in the flow parameters affect the model outcomes after 900 yr. Several generic conclusions emerge, such as the injected flows that create the hollow lobes must be light, “tapered,” and injected considerably faster than the lobe expansion speed. Multipolar and starfish prePNe probably evolve from wide-angle flows in which thin-shell instabilities corrugate their leading edges. We show how the common linear correlation of Doppler shift and position along the lobe is a robust outcome of the interaction of tapered diverging streamlines with the lobes’ curved walls. Finally, we probe how modest toroidal magnetic fields added to the fast flow affect the outcome of the baseline model. We conclude that the light, field-free, tapered baseline flow model is not only a successful and universal paradigm for unraveling the histories of lobe formation in prePNe, but also provides a comprehensive, inclusive framework for understanding the details of the shapes, sizes, and internal kinematics of their edges.
The Inner Disk and Accretion Flow of the Close Binary DQ Tau
Authors: Muzerolle James , Flaherty Kevin , Balog Zoltan , Beck Tracy , Gutermuth Robert
Published: May 2019

We present multiepoch optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry and spectroscopy of the spectroscopic binary T Tauri star DQ Tau. The photometric monitoring, obtained using SMARTS ANDICAM, recovers the previously seen correlation between optical flux and the 15.8 day binary orbital period, with blue flux peaks occurring close to most observed periastron passages. For the first time, we find an even more consistent correlation between orbital period and NIR brightness and color. The onset of pulse events in the NIR precedes those in the optical by a few days, on average, with the rise usually starting near apastron orbital phase. We further obtained five epochs of spectroscopy using Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) SpeX, with a wavelength range of 0.8–5 μm, and derived spectra of the infrared excess emission. The shape and strength of the excess varies with time, with cooler and weaker characteristic dust emission (T ∼ 1100–1300 K) over most of the binary orbit, and stronger/warmer dust emission (T ∼ 1600 K, indicative of dust sublimation) just before periastron passage. We suggest that our results are broadly consistent with predictions of simulations of disk structure and accretion flows around close binaries, with the varying dust emission possibly tracing the evolution of accretion streams falling inward through a circumbinary disk cavity and feeding the accretion pulses traced by the optical photometry and NIR emission lines. However, our results also show more complicated behavior that is not fully explained by this simple picture, and will require further observations and modeling to fully interpret.
Collision and Radiative Rates for Infrared to Extreme Ultraviolet Lines of S iii
Authors: Tayal S. S. , Zatsarinny O. , Sossah A. M.
Published: May 2019

Electron excitation collision strengths for a wide range of transitions giving rise to infrared, optical, ultraviolet, and extreme ultraviolet lines of S iii have been calculated using the B-spline Breit–Pauli R-matrix method. The term-dependent non-orthogonal orbitals have been employed for the accurate representation of target wave functions and the electron plus S iii target scattering system. The multiconfiguration Hartree–Fock method has been utilized for the calculation of 198 S iii fine-structure level energies belonging to the

,

,

, and 3s3p
25s configurations. The transition probabilities between fine-structure levels have also been calculated and compared with available other calculations. The close-coupling expansion includes these 198 fine-structure levels of S iii in the electron collision calculations. The effective collision strengths are calculated at electron temperatures in the range of 103–106 K for all possible transitions between the 198 fine-structure levels. The present calculation includes a larger number of levels in the close-coupling expansion and improved target description than previous calculations and should be useful for the analysis of measured spectra from various astrophysical objects. Comparison with other calculations is used to assess likely uncertainties in the existing collision and radiative rates for S iii. The collision and radiative rates are estimated to be accurate to about 20% or better for most main transitions of astrophysical importance.
Performance Assessment of a Fully Automated Deep Sequencing Platform for HCV Resistance Testing
Authors: Rodriguez Christophe , Mercier-Darty Mélanie , Soulier Alexandre , Poiteau Lila , Wlassow Mélanie , Fourati Slim , Hézode Christophe , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Chevaliez Stéphane
Published: May 2019

Background

International liver society guidelines recommended to perform HCV resistance testing at baseline of first-line therapy with certain combination regimens or prior to retreatment in patients previously exposed to a direct-acting antiviral (DAA) containing regimen. Currently, no standardized assays have been developed as purchasable kits for HCV resistance testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Sentosa SQ HCV Genotyping Assay, a novel deep sequencing-based assay, to identify resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) in the NS3 protease, NS5A protein domain I and NS5B polymerase regions for patients infected with HCV genotypes-1a and 1b.

Methods

Serum samples collected from patients with chronic hepatitis C infection who failed to achieve a sustained virological response after receiving a DAA-containing treatment regimen were extracted and sequenced by two methods including population sequencing of the NS3, NS5A and NS5B coding region reference method and the deep sequencing-based Sentosa SQ HCV Genotyping Assay.

Results

A high concordance rate with Sanger sequencing, the reference method, was found for the NS3, NS5A and NS5 coding regions, regardless of the genotype-1 subtypes. The deep sequencing-based assay was more sensitive than population sequencing to detect minority variants, representing less than 10% of the viral populations, but also some variants representing up to 30% of the viral quasispecies, as expected.

Conclusions

The Sentosa SQ HCV Genotyping Assay can be confidently used in clinical practice in the indications of HCV resistance testing for these subtypes. Technical improvements are now required to allow for pangenotypic coverage.
Annotated checklist for stony corals of American Sāmoa with reference to mesophotic depth records
Authors: Montgomery Anthony D. , Fenner Douglas , Toonen Robert J.
Published: May 2019

An annotated checklist of the stony corals (Scleractinia, Milleporidae, Stylasteridae, and Helioporidae) of American Sāmoa is presented. A total of 377 valid species has been reported from American Sāmoa with 342 species considered either present (251) or possibly present (91). Of these 342 species, 66 have a recorded geographical range extension and 90 have been reported from mesophotic depths (30–150 m). Additionally, four new species records (AcanthastreasubechinataVeron, 2000,FavitesparaflexuosusVeron, 2000,EchinophylliaechinoporoidesVeron & Pichon, 1980,TurbinariairregularisBernard, 1896) are presented. Coral species of concern include species listed under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of threatened species. Approximately 17.5% of the species present or possibly present are categorized as threatened by IUCN compared to 27% of the species globally. American Sāmoa has seven ESA-listed or ESA candidate species, includingAcroporaglobiceps(Dana, 1846),AcroporajacquelineaeWallace, 1994,Acroporaretusa(Dana, 1846),Acroporaspeciosa(Quelch, 1886),Fimbriaphylliaparadivisa(Veron, 1990),Isoporacrateriformis(Gardiner, 1898), andPocilloporameandrinaDana, 1846. There are two additional species possibly present, i.e.,Pavonadiffluens(Lamarck, 1816) andPoritesnapoporaVeron, 2000.
Post-Traumatic Heterotopic Ossification About the Elbow
Authors: Ilahi Omer A , Strausser David W , Gabel Gerard T
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the effect of surgical timing on the formation of heterotopic ossification about the elbow, 71 consecutive patients with elbow trauma requiring operative management were evaluated. Fourteen patients were excluded because they suffered from head injury, burns, or severe open injuries requiring surgery on two or more occasions. Sixteen patients were lost to follow-up, leaving a group of 41 patients. The average age of patients was 35 years. The fractures involved the olecranon in 19, distal humerus in 12, and radial head/neck in 10 patients. Six of these fractures were accompanied by a dislocation. Eleven were open injuries; the remaining 30 were closed. Bone grafting was performed in nine patients. The interval between injury and surgical intervention averaged 57 hours.

None (0%) of 17 patients treated within 48 hours developed grade II, III, or IV heterotopic ossification, whereas 8 (33%) of 24 patients treated after 48 hours developed grade II, III, or IV heterotopic ossification. There were no significant differences in demographic or injury parameters between these two groups. These findings suggest that fixation of unstable elbow fractures within 48 hours of injury may reduce the formation of ectopic bone.
El precio de los productos y la venta de carne en los tratados de ḥisba andalusíes
Authors: Crego María
Published: May 2019

El tema de los precios y su fijación es uno de los aspectos recogidos en los tratados árabes de ḥisba que más interés está suscitando en los últimos años entre estudiosos de diversos ámbitos, como los especialistas en contabilidad. Teniendo en cuenta la atención que los últimos estudios en historia económica prestan a ciertas herramientas contables, como el cálculo de costes, el presente trabajo analiza cómo los distintos tratados de ḥisba andalusíes tratan el tema de los precios de los productos y, en particular, las condiciones de venta de la carne y su precio. El análisis de los textos árabes revela un sistema tarifario complejo que se presta a la controversia –pues conviven la doctrina islámica con la costumbre y la posible comisión de fraudes- y, al mismo tiempo, el deseo de la autoridad de intervenir en la regulación del zoco para la consecución de un precio considerado justo.
Avicena y Gerardo de Cremona sobre la frenitis: Una comparación entre al Qānūn fī ṭ-Ṭibb y su traducción latina
Authors: Carpentieri Nicola , Fidora Alexander , Lampurlanés Isaac
Published: May 2019

Este artículo es un estudio piloto para una comparación sistemática entre el texto árabe y latino del Qānūn fī aṭ-Ṭibb de Avicena. Con este propósito, ofrecemos una edición preliminar de un pasaje del Tercer Libro de esta gran enciclopedia médica en la traducción latina preparada por Gerardo de Cremona en Toledo en la segunda mitad del siglo XII. El análisis de este fragmento nos permite describir con rigor aspectos clave de la técnica de traducción de Gerardo de Cremona, al mismo tiempo que pone de relieve problemas interpretativos vinculados a la difícil
exégesis de las teorías médicas árabes sobre la enfermedad conocida como frenitis o frenesí.
Parlers arabes nomades et sédentaires et diglossie chez Ibn Ǧinnī (IVe/Xe siècle). Sociolinguistique et histoire de la langue vs discours épilinguistique
Authors: Larcher Pierre
Published: May 2019

[fr] Dans les Ḫaṣā’iṣ, Ibn Ǧinnī (m. 392/1002) fait état, incidemment, d’une différenciation entre parlers arabes nomades et sédentaires, ces derniers étant caractérisés par une perte partielle de la flexion désinentielle (’i‘rāb). Dans la mesure où Ibn Ǧinnī se réfère sur ce point à une source antérieure de près de deux siècles d’une part, indique qu’il n’y a presque plus, à son époque, de bédouin au parler « châtié » (faṣīḥ, c’est-à-dire fléchi mu‘rab) d’autre part, on peut voir dans ses remarques une reconnaissance implicite d’une situation de diglossie, les parlers nomades étant à l’origine de la variété haute (al-luġa al-‘arabiyya al-faṣīḥa). Cette situation est d’ailleurs révélée par une anecdote, où l’on voit un même usager, d’origine bédouine, alterner ce qu’Ibn Ǧinnī appelle « les deux manières de parler » (ǧihatā al-kalām), avec et sans flexion désinentielle. Malgré les apparences, il ne s’agit pas de sociolinguistique et d’histoire de la langue. Il s’agit de théorie du langage, avec l’hypothèse d’un phénomène d’entropie, liée à l’utilisation de la langue, l’utilisateur se passant, par d’autres moyens, de la flexion désinentielle, source de difficulté et d’erreurs. Il s’agit aussi et surtout d’un discours épilinguistique, conforme à l’idéologie linguistique (thèse de la faṣāḥa bédouine) et à la théologie (thèse de la « langue du Ḥiǧāz » comme al-luġa alfuṣḥā), deux thèses difficilement conciliables.
Equilibrio, puntuación, difusión diaplanar: hacia la comprensión del contacto temprano entre arameo y árabe
Authors: Owens Jonathan
Published: May 2019

Pocos negarían el hecho de que los árabes y los arameos comparten una larga historia común. Tampoco resulta polémico decir que ha habido una influencia basada en el contacto entre ambas lenguas. Sin embargo, lo que no ha sido reconocido hasta hoy día es la profundidad y dimensión de dicha influencia. En este trabajo presento 24 argumentos estructurales y de detalle tomados del terreno de la fonología, morfofonología, morfología y sintaxis para mostrar la amplia influencia del arameo en el árabe preislámico y de los primeros tiempos del islam. Dado que el contacto entre ambas lenguas se prolongó durante tanto tiempo, los efectos del equilibrio, de acuerdo con los términos de Dixon (1997), introdujeron un mosaico de elementos lingüísticos del arameo en el árabe. Estos elementos se presentan en términos de “difusión diaplanar”, es decir, la difusión de diferentes características entre distintas comunidades de hablantes y en épocas diversas.
Ḥattā a lo largo de los siglos: origen e historia de esta partícula en árabe clásico
Authors: Medea-García Lucía
Published: May 2019

Los objetivos principales de este trabajo son, por una parte, plantear una propuesta metodológica para el estudio del cambio lingüístico en árabe clásico y, por otra, explorar las particularidades de los procesos de gramaticalización y el cambio lingüístico en esta lengua semítica. Para ello, hemos analizado los procesos de cambio y gramaticalización experimentados por la partícula ḥattā (‘hasta’, ‘incluso’) en árabe clásico desde el siglo VII hasta el XX. Se han analizado 731 ejemplos de ḥattā extraídos de uno de los más completos corpus históricos del árabe, el HADC, todavía inédito. El estudio ha tenido en cuenta 30 variables diferentes que se han recogido en fichas recopiladas en una base de datos relacional. Los resultados se han organizado en un esquema conceptual que presenta la vinculación semántica de cada uno de los cinco valores de ḥattā así como las trayectorias evolutivas de esta partícula en árabe clásico.
Las conclusiones más relevantes son que, por descontado, sí hay cambio lingüístico en árabe clásico, si bien sus trayectorias evolutivas se ven constreñidas tanto por la presión de la norma coránica como por su naturaleza de lengua esencialmente escrita. Los resultados también revelan que existe una marcada estratificación, persistencia y divergencia en los procesos y apuntan, a su vez, la relevancia de incluir variables como el origen del autor o los tipos de texto cuando se analiza el cambio lingüístico.
La différence entre badal et ‘aṭf bayān. Mutisme et surdité des grammaires de l’arabe ?
Authors: Sartori Manuel
Published: May 2019

[fr] « Quelle différence faire entre le badal et le ‘aṭf al-bayān ? ». Voici une question d’étudiant, tout à fait légitime, qui, de manière assez intéressante, ne trouve pas de réponse immédiate. Cette réponse ne se trouve en effet ni dans les grammaires arabisantes de l’arabe (il s’agirait là plutôt d’une stratégie d’évitement), ni même dans les grammaires arabes traditionnelles de la l’arabe qui, pour beaucoup, ne se reposent en guise de distinction entre les deux que sur le sacrosaint ’i‘rāb (à supposer qu’il fut réalisé !) et dans le cadre très restreint (et donc contraint et réduit) de l’interpellation (nidā’). Rien ne vient alors différencier deux exemples donnés par Ibn Ǧinnī (m. 392/1002), illustrant respectivement le badal et le ‘atf al-bayān : qāma ’aḫū-ka zaydun et qāma ’aḫū-ka muḥammadun. Un grammairien logicien comme ’Astarābāḏī (m. 688/1289 indique même explicitement qu’il ne voit pas de différence manifeste entre le badal de totalité et le ‘aṭf al-bayān. Il existe toutefois un critère de distinction entre les deux, critère qui n’est ni distributionnel, ni flexionnel, et donc syntaxique, ni même sémantique et pragmatique même s’il en découle, mais suprasegmental et il se trouve que les grammairiens arabes médiévaux n’y sont pas sourds, ce que montrera cet article.
La alomorfía en el plural fracto árabe. Del Kitāb de Sībawayhi al árabe moderno. El caso del esquema singular faʿal
Authors: Ferrando Ignacio
Published: May 2019

Ofrecemos en este trabajo un estudio de contraste entre la descripción que hace Sībawayhi, el más reconocido de los gramáticos árabes, de los esquemas de plural fracto de uno de los esquemas de singular, faʿal (a modo de ejemplo) y los datos extraídos de algunas obras lexicográficas árabes y del corpus de textos árabes reunidos en algunas bases de datos disponibles. Una vez analizado el método del gramático de Basora en la recogida y sistematización de datos, el objetivo es comprobar si la información que proporciona coincide con la aportada por los diccionarios y textos árabes. Estudiamos de forma particular el tratamiento de los casos de alomorfía, esto es, el uso de varios plurales para un mismo singular, tratando de dilucidar si se trata de una alomorfía libre o motivada.
Smart Digital for Mobile Communication Through TVUPI Streaming for Higher Education
Authors: Darmawan Deni , Suryadi Edi , Wahyudin Dinn
Published: May 2019

This study focuses on smart digital for mobile communication through television streaming. It makes use of the television station located in Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) which requires further development. In 2017, research was carried out to develop web streaming and Mobile Audience through Smart Digital Mobile.  However, this study uses a research and development approach comprising of 10 main steps some of which are broadcast programs needed in education and local wisdom. The UPI TV Station gained then complete trust from all segments of viewers from the internal academic community. The content test and ease of access are expected to get an overview of the information needs of campus television by the wider community. The results of this project are as follows : (a) Syllabus and SAP Tools in Education Communication courses; (b) Evaluation of the sustainability programs of TVUPI broadcast based on the web streaming; and (c) Mobile Smart Digital Development in expanding the reach of TVUPI viewers based on web streaming.
The Nature of Technology Consumption among School Children in Lower Northern Thailand
Authors: Nang Hsu Mon Pyae , Harfield Antony
Published: May 2019

The use of mobile computational devices among school children is increasing in developing countries. In order to clarify the trends of consuming technological devices, a survey study was carried out with 4,231 students across from the lower northern part of Thailand at Science Fair in Naresuan University between 2014 and 2017. The key findings illustrate smartphone usage is dramatically increasing while PCs and tablets usage is not stable in each year. It is becoming an essential technological device to access for the various purposes in their daily activities. Nonetheless, PCs is still heavily using as teaching aid material at school even students are more likely to access the portable computational devices such as tablets and smartphones than PCs. The breakdown study presents male and female students love to play games on all kinds of mobile devices. The evidences demonstrate mobile consumption amongst Thai school children is shifting towards positive and negative sides. Therefore, the constructive manner of technology consumptions might be varied on some influence factors such as individual knowledge, educational policy, parental controls and teachers’ attitudes towards using mobile devices at class.
LF-ViT: Development of a Virtual Reality Guided Tour Mobile App of Landmark University Teaching and Research Farm
Authors: Asani Emmanuel Oluwatobi , Chijioke Mmesoma Zuri , Shoyombo Ayoola John , Kayode Aderonke Anthonia , Ezenwoke Azubuike , Okocha Foluke
Published: May 2019

In this work, we designed and developed a Virtual Reality guided tour mobile app for Landmark University farms, LF-ViT. We were motivated by the need to circumvent the problem of bio-security caused by incessant visit to the farm by visitors, tourists or customers. The guided tour was implemented using the storytelling technique. Other technical details of the design and implementation process are discussed
A Gamified Approach to Improving Student’s Participation in Farm Practice – A Case Study of Landmark University
Authors: Omotosho Adebayo , Tyoden Truman , Ayegba Peace , Ayoola Joyce
Published: May 2019

The importance of students’ involvement in classroom and non-classroom university courses cannot be overemphasized in the process of learning. But, students for several reasons must be motivated to enhance their continuous participation, especially in non-classroom courses. Landmark University is an agrarian-based institution and students are expected to actively take part in at least one agricultural course irrespective of their specializations. Students commitments to Farm Practice courses are core to graduation despite many students not meeting the expected level of dedication early. Gamification is the process of using game strategies and techniques to actively engage and motivate audiences and to solve problems. Using a database of agricultural resources from Landmark University Teaching and Research Farm, a prototype for a gamified mobile app for engaging students in Farm Practice is developed. Game features such as point, leaderboard, and scoresheet were embedded. The application performance was evaluated by a total of fifty students and 70% of the students claimed that their interests in Farm Practice were positively affected after using the app for the first time.
Characteristics for the External Identification of Black Carp From Grass Carp
Authors: Kroboth Patrick T. , Chapman Duane C. , Hrabik Robert A. , Neely David A.
Published: May 2019

Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus and Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella are morphologically similar species native to eastern Asia and imported to North America as biological control organisms. Preferred identification methods are coloration and pharyngeal tooth form. Grass Carp possess serrated teeth and Black Carp molariform teeth. Examination of pharyngeal teeth causes extensive damage to a specimen and is labor and time intensive. Coloration can vary within a species and fades with preservation. We present a suite of external characteristics consisting of a truss network canonical variate analysis of distance measurements among landmarks on the lateral view of the head of each fish, the ratio of head length to mouth width, the visible presence of the premaxilla viewed dorsally with the mouth fully closed, and anterior lateral line angles among scales. Canonical variate analysis suggested that Grass Carp have a deeper head at the preoperculum and Black Carp a more elongate head relative to the preoperculum and eye. Comparisons of head length to mouth width ratio, visibility of the premaxilla dorsally with the mouth fully closed, and anterior lateral line angles all served as external characteristics of species, but outliers were present for each method. Because of the plastic morphology of wild populations, we suggest that a combination of characters be applied for identification.
L’automédication chez les usagers de drogues : de la constitution de savoirs expérientiels à leur confrontation aux médecins
Authors: Dassieu Lise
Published: May 2019

La dimension thérapeutique que peut revêtir la prise de drogues aux yeux des usagers reste peu explorée en sciences sociales. À partir d’une enquête qualitative, cet article étudie les pratiques d’automédication des usagers de drogues, ainsi que l’attitude des médecins généralistes à leur égard. La disponibilité des traitements de substitution aux opiacés sur le marché noir permet aux usagers de les utiliser en automédication pour soulager les symptômes de manque. Ces derniers consomment aussi divers médicaments et drogues illicites lorsqu’ils doivent faire face à des problèmes de santé courants (grippe, douleur, angoisse, par exemple). Par le biais de l’auto-expérimentation et de l’échange entre pairs, ils développent des savoirs expérientiels sur les produits et leur maniement, constitués et transmis au sein du monde des drogues. Mais ces savoirs ne sont pas toujours reconnus comme tels par les médecins, qui interprètent souvent l’automédication des usagers de drogues comme un mésusage ou une inobservance du traitement.
« J’ai peur quand je fais le docteur pour mes enfants » : l’automédication au cœur des pratiques de soins des jeunes enfants à Antananarivo, Madagascar
Authors: Mattern Chiarella
Published: May 2019

Le présent article s’appuie sur un corpus de données récoltées à Antananarivo, la capitale malgache, entre avril et août 2015. L’objectif de cet article est l’analyse des conditions sociales de production de la pratique de l’automédication pour les jeunes enfants en cas de survenue de maux dits « du quotidien ». Il interroge le recours aux acteurs privés et informels de la vente de médicaments pharmaceutiques, les modalités d’acquisition et les usages qui en sont faits, à la lueur des savoirs populaires sur le médicament. Nos résultats montrent que les médicaments sont au cœur des pratiques thérapeutiques des Tananariviens. Dans la gestion quotidienne et domestique des maladies, les choix sont basés sur une volonté pragmatique de guérison à moindre coût. Au regard des pratiques de recours aux soins des adultes, majoritairement caractérisées par l’autoconsommation de médicaments, les pratiques de soins du jeune enfant diffèrent. Cet article éclaire les spécificités des pratiques de soins de l’enfant, qui cristallisent à la fois les représentations autour de la santé de l’enfant et la défiance à l’égard de certains produits pharmaceutiques.
Automédication et pluralisme thérapeutique : la construction du choix du remède et du thérapeute dans une localité rurale à Madagascar
Authors: Didier Pierrine
Published: May 2019

À Madagascar, les pratiques de soins traditionnelles côtoient celles de la biomédecine et sont encore largement utilisées pour des raisons d’ordre économique et géographique, mais également politique, social, culturel, voire religieux. Les individus consomment aussi bien des remèdes à base de plantes médicinales que des médicaments allopathiques, par automédication, sur prescription d’un médecin ou de personnel soignant ou sur conseil de guérisseurs. Cet article examine les éléments ethnographiques recueillis lors d’enquêtes réalisées à Madagascar, dans un village de la région Analanjirofo (côte est). Il présente l’offre de soins disponible pour les villageois et le pluralisme thérapeutique à l’œuvre dans leur quête de soins. Le choix du remède et du thérapeute s’opère selon le type de traitement recherché et le modèle étiologique supposé des symptômes ou de la maladie (dite « naturelle » ou « surnaturelle »). L’expérience vécue du malade, l’avis du « groupe organisateur de thérapie » ainsi que les représentations de l’efficacité des remèdes sont autant d’éléments qui entrent en jeu dans le choix du traitement et la façon de le consommer (en automédication ou chez le thérapeute). La recherche de soins, de remèdes et de thérapeutes peut ainsi être analysée comme une forme « d’automédication différée ».
Frieza burguesa: apontamentos para uma teoria da formação da subjetividade moderna
Authors: Facci Douglas Tadeu da Silva , Galuch Maria Terezinha Bellanda
Published: May 2019

Nossa época pode ser caracterizada como a Era da Indiferença – com a generalização e a globalização da frieza burguesa em todas as dimensões da vida social. A metáfora da frieza e o seu termo correlato, a indiferença, tornaram-se lugar comum na cultura contemporânea, em diversos diagnósticos para caracterizar as distorções morais e expressar o mal-estar pelo estado moral da sociedade. Gruschka defende que a frieza burguesa constitui o tópos moral-filosófico central nos escritos de Horkheimer a Adorno, buscando no pensamento desses autores os elementos fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de uma teoria da frieza. Com base na tese do autor, buscamos as raízes teóricas do pensamento dos frankfurtianos sobre esse tema em três vertentes do pensamento ocidental sobre a civilização moderna, mediante três conceitos: a razão instrumental, na perspectiva sociológica de Max Weber; a racionalidade da autoconservação, que emerge na psicologia de Sigmund Freud; e a lei da equivalência, conceito capital no pensamento de Karl Marx. Em Horkheimer e Adorno, esses conceitos são associados em sua estrutura a um mesmo princípio que fundamenta a sociedade burguesa. Os apontamentos para uma teoria da frieza burguesa contribuem para a compreensão sobre o seu recrudescimento na sociedade contemporânea à beira de uma recaída na barbárie extrema.
A terceira idade e o lazer: análise das produções brasileiras nas Ciências Humanas e Sociais que relacionaram seus objetos ao lazer de idosos (1994-2015)
Authors: Vieira Ana Flávia Braun , Freitas Junior Miguel Archanjo de
Published: May 2019

Esta pesquisa objetiva realizar o mapeamento e a análise qualitativa das produções científicas brasileiras nas Ciências Humanas e Sociais sobre o lazer de idosos, entre os anos de 1994 e 2015. Para tanto, foram adotados os procedimentos das pesquisas denominadas ‘estado da arte’ aliados à metodologia de análise de conteúdo. O acesso às produções para constituição do conjunto documental se deu a partir da consulta nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo) e Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC dos seguintes termos indexados: ‘lazer idosos’, ‘lazer terceira idade’ e ‘lazer velhos’, com variações de busca para o gênero feminino. Ao todo, oito foram os artigos analisados, por meio dos quais se constatou que as pesquisas nas Ciências Humanas e Sociais sobre o lazer na maturidade são ainda incipientes, em comparação com as Ciências da Saúde, e foram desenvolvidas predominantemente na região Sudeste e nos campos do Turismo e da Psicologia. Em relação à estrutura metodológica, não existe predominância entre pesquisas quantitativas e qualitativas e o principal instrumento de pesquisa em ambas são os questionários, não havendo um método analítico predominante. Por fim, sobre os aspectos teóricos, a análise evidenciou a baixa prioridade dos autores em desenvolver os conceitos de lazer e terceira idade/idosos/velhos, tomando-os como se fossem categorias dadas ou não estivessem em constante processo de transformação.
Cursos de cuidadores de idosos: a clientela, o conteúdo e a qualificação
Authors: Nascimento Lidiane Souza Trindade , Gatti Ana Lúcia , Bana Cesar Augusto
Published: May 2019

A necessidade de cuidadores, quer formais quer informais, aumenta à proporção do aumento da população de idosos, uma vez que a instalação de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e a perda de funcionalidade ampliam-se com o passar dos anos, comprometendo a capacidade do idoso de cuidar de si. A regulamentação da profissão e a qualificação dos cuidadores ainda não estão estabelecidas claramente. A pesquisa objetivou levantar, por meio de busca eletrônica e contatos diretos com as instituições, os cursos oferecidos no estado de São Paulo, tendo em vista a duração, as exigências iniciais aos que pretendem cursá-los, o conteúdo programático explicitado, os docentes envolvidos na proposta e a inclusão ou não de parte prática. Um total de 39 cursos apresentou-se como ativos. Ter 16 anos e ser alfabetizado foram as menores exigências encontradas, mas nem sempre os critérios estavam claramente estabelecidos. O número de horas dos cursos foi, em média, de 64, entretanto variou de quatro a 200. O certificado era fornecido por 71,8%, mesmo que alguns não incluíssem estágio em sua proposta. Quase todos os cursos contavam com um enfermeiro como docente, sendo que vários tinham profissionais provenientes de diversas formações. Os programas, quando obtidos, apresentaram grande diversidade de conteúdos, nem sempre compatíveis com o número de horas proposto. Observa-se, diante de tais resultados, que, a despeito dos esforços para regulamentação da profissão, os cursos de qualificação ainda são muito díspares, oferecendo espaço para que muitos obtenham certificados que não oferecem qualquer garantia de qualificação para o atendimento da população idosa, a qual requer cuidados específicos. Destaca-se que as condições da realidade merecem ser objeto de discussão pelos envolvidos no cuidado com idosos, tanto em espaços acadêmicos como sociais mais amplos.
Use of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association taxonomies, Nursing Intervention Classification, Nursing Outcomes Classification and NANDA-NIC-NOC linkage in cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Iannicelli Anna Maria , De Matteo Pasquale , Vito Daniele , Pellecchia Elisa , Dodaro Concetta , Giallauria Francesco , Vigorito Carlo
Published: May 2019

This study aims at creating a standardized language for each patient admitted to Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit (CR) by identifying nursing diagnosis, interventions, results/objectives expected and related correlations. The primary outcome was identifying health needs of all patients admitted to CR. The secondary outcomes were the identification of North American Nursing Diagnosis Association -International diagnoses (NANDA-I), of nursing intervention classification (NIC), of nursing outcomes classification (NOC) and their correlation NANDA-NIC-NOC linkage (NNN linkage) in order to define a standardized language for all nursing staff. This is a retrospective study involving a sample of 168 patients discharged from CR. The NANDA-I, the NIC, the NOC and the most frequently used NNN connections were identified and collected by using structured form including the 11 functional models of Marjory Gordon. Data from 76 patients were analyzed (92.1% male; mean age (± SD) 62.7±9 yrs; IQ range: 42-82). The main NANDA-I nursing diagnosis belongs to psychological sphere, but not to physiological domains. The statement NIC has allowed to put into practice actions of health prevention and education. Nursing care documentation and NNN taxonomic language promotes a wide diffusion of nursing discipline culture and significant qualitative improvement of patient’s care, further improving the communication between nurses and other health professionals.
A heuristic for boundedness of ranks of elliptic curves
Authors: Park Jennifer , Poonen Bjorn , Voight John , Wood Melanie Matchett
Published: May 2019

We present a heuristic that suggests that ranks of elliptic curves

E

over

\mathbb Q

are bounded. In fact, it suggests that there are only finitely many

E

of rank greater than 21. Our heuristic is based on modeling the ranks and Shafarevich–Tate groups of elliptic curves simultaneously, and relies on a theorem counting alternating integer matrices of specified rank. We also discuss analogues for elliptic curves over other global fields.
Health Beliefs and Patient Perspectives of Febrile Illness in Kilombero, Tanzania
Authors: Hercik Christine , Cosmas Leonard , Mogeni Ondari D. , Kohi Wanze , Mfinanga Sayoki , Loffredo Christopher , Montgomery Joel M.
Published: May 2019

This qualitative study assessed the knowledge and beliefs surrounding fever syndrome among adult febrile patients seeking health care in Kilombero, Tanzania. From June 11 to July 13, 2014, 10% of all adult (≥ 15 years) febrile patients enrolled in the larger syndromic study, who presented with an axillary temperature ≥ 37.5°C and symptom onset ≤ 5 days prior, were randomly selected to participate in an in-depth physician–patient interview, informed by Health Belief Model constructs. Interviews were audio recorded, translated, and transcribed. Transcripts were coded using NVivo Version 11.1, and the thematic content was analyzed by two separate researchers. Blood and nasopharyngeal/oralpharyngeal specimens were collected and analyzed using both acute febrile illness and respiratory TaqMan Array Cards for multipathogen detection of 56 potential causative agents. A total of 18 participants provided 188 discrete comments. When asked to speculate the causative agent of febrile illness, 33.3% cited malaria and the other 66.6% offered nonbiomedical responses, such as “mosquitoes” and “weather.” Major themes emerging related to severity and susceptibility to health hazards included lack of bed net use, misconceptions about bed nets, and mosquito infestation. Certain barriers to treatment were cited, including dependence on traditional healers, high cost of drugs, and poor dispensary services. Overall, we demonstrate low concurrence in speculations of fever etiology according to patients, clinicians, and laboratory testing. Our findings contribute to the important, yet limited, base of knowledge surrounding patient risk perceptions of febrile illness and underscore the potential utility of community-based participatory research to inform disease control programs.
The Prevalence of Cryptosporidium among Children Hospitalized because of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and the Efficiency of Diagnostic Methods for Cryptosporidium
Authors: Golan Shaposhnik Efrat , Abozaid Said , Grossman Tamar , Marva Esther , On Avi , Azrad Maya , Peretz Avi
Published: May 2019

Cryptosporidium is a parasite that causes watery diarrhea among both children and adults. However, because many physicians do not routinely ask for Cryptosporidium diagnostic test, cryptosporidiosis prevalence is likely underestimated. The current study investigated the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among children admitted to the hospital with gastrointestinal symptoms. Stool sample was collected from each child and subjected to routine microbiological culture. Cryptosporidium presence was tested by three different methods: real-time PCR (RT-PCR), quick antigen, and microscopic examination with acid-fast staining. Each positive specimen was further tested with BioFire FilmArray Multiplex PCR (bioMérieux SA, Marcy-l'Etoile, France) to determine that Cryptosporidium is the only pathogen in the sample. Demographic and epidemiological data were collected from the patients’ medical records. Of 291 patient stool samples, nine were positive for Cryptosporidium hominis or Cryptosporidium parvum. The average age of the nine Cryptosporidium-positive cases was 2.3 years, lower than the average age of the study population (4.2 years). Of the positive cases, 66.7% were Arabs and 33.3% were Jews. The main complaint of children with Cryptosporidium was diarrhea. Regarding the laboratory methods for Cryptosporidium identification, of the positive samples, 100% (9/9) were identified by RT-PCR, 88% (8/9) were positive by antigen test, and only 67% (6/9) were positive by microscopic examination with acid-fast staining. Because of the low incidence of Cryptosporidium among patients in our facility, the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis still cannot be established. Nevertheless, among the other pathogens found in stool samples, Cryptosporidium is the second leading cause of hospitalization due to gastrointestinal disease in children in our area.
Mass Drug Administration of Triclabendazole for Fasciola Hepatica in Bolivia
Authors: Mollinedo Sergio , Gutierrez Patricia , Azurduy Rosa , Valle Freddy , Salas Alejandra , Mollinedo Zoraida , Soto Paula , Villarroel Cleye F. , Ransom Janet , Lawrence Robb , Berman Jonathan , Soto Jaime
Published: May 2019

Human infection with Fasciola hepatica leads to obstruction of the common bile duct by adult worms and disease characterized by biliary colic, epigastric pain, and nausea. Recommended treatment is a single dose of triclabendazole (TCBZ) (10 mg/kg). Because in the 1990s the Bolivian Altiplano bordering Lake Titicaca was thought to have the highest prevalence of human fascioliasis worldwide, the Bolivian Ministry of Health instituted TCBZ mass drug administration (MDA). From 2008 to 2016 (excepting 2015), one dose of 250 mg was administered, usually in September/October, to each resident of highly endemic regions willing to participate. This is apparently the first reported use of MDA for Fasciola. The proportion of persons in key regions receiving TCBZ MDA was 87% in 2016. In 2017, we resurveyed key regions, and found that the MDA program had been dramatically successful. Whereas Fasciola prevalence was reported as 26.9% in Huacullani/Tiahuanaco and 12.6% in Batallas in 1999, there was 0.7% prevalence in Huacullani/Tiahuanaco and 1% in Batallas in 2017. However, lessons from schistosomiasis control efforts suggest that for sustained control of Fasciola infection, Fasciola MDA needs to be maintained and coupled with measures to control infection in the intermediary snail and in the animal hosts of F. hepatica.
A Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Japanese Encephalitis Virus with High Neutralizing Capability for Inclusion as a Positive Control in Diagnostic Neutralization Tests
Authors: Calvert Amanda E. , Bennett Susan L. , Dixon Kandice L. , Blair Carol D. , Roehrig John T.
Published: May 2019

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the most common cause of viral encephalitis in Asia, and it is increasingly a global public health concern because of its recent geographic expansion. Although commercial vaccines are available and used in some endemic countries, JEV continues to cause illness, with more than 60,000 cases reported annually. To develop a reproducible positive control antibody useable in diagnosis of JEV infections, murine hybridomas were developed from mice inoculated with a combination of IXIARO JEV vaccine and JEV domain III of the envelope protein (E-DIII). Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were characterized for their ability to neutralize virus in vitro. Monoclonal antibody 17BD3-2 was found to be JEV specific and highly neutralizing, with a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)90 endpoint titer of 1.25 μg/mL. The functional epitopes were mapped using virus neutralization escape variants to amino acid residues S309, K312, and G333 in E-DIII. This MAb may be substituted for human immune sera used as a positive control in PRNT for distribution to public health laboratories worldwide in potential future outbreaks of JEV.
Testing the Infection Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni after Mass Drug Administration by Comparing Sensitivity and Specificity of Species-Specific Repeat Fragment Amplification by PCR and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Price Miriam , Cyrs Austin , Sikasunge Chummy S. , Mwansa James , Lodh Nilanjan
Published: May 2019

Schistosomiasis is a blood parasitic disease caused by trematode parasites of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosoma mansoni is one of the main contributors of the disease and 90% of the global burden of schistosomiasis is in Africa. Mass drug administration (MDA) has been implemented to reduce the disease burden in endemic areas. Because of MDA, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for classical diagnostic tests are reduced. In any disease situation, diagnosis is vital in determining asymptomatic, concurrent, current, new, and reinfection cases to evaluate the efficacy of any control program. We have evaluated the positive infection for S. mansoni from filtered urine samples collected from Zambian school children after MDA using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and compared its sensitivity and specificity with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One hundred eleven urine samples collected from school children aged between 7 and 15 years from Siavonga district in southern Zambia were evaluated by PCR and LAMP for DNA extracted by two different protocols (filter-based versus crude extraction). The infection prevalence was 77% with PCR and almost 94% with mansoni-LAMP. Also, LAMP detected 16% (Qiagen extraction) and 10% (LAMP-Procedure for Ultra Rapid Extraction) more positive S. mansoni infection than PCR. We have demonstrated the efficacy of LAMP in a laboratory setup after MDA. The possible inclusion of LAMP as a field-based point-of-care test for surveillance can provide reliable prevalence of schistosomiasis after MDA and help in determining the efficacy of a control program.
Propuesta metodológica docente y fabricación digital de una pieza de mobiliario urbano: de la idea a la realidad en 10 horas
Authors: Ramón Constantí Amanda , Sánchez Gómez Santiago , Bono Cremades Javier , Martínez Uso Jose
Published: May 2019

La forma de enfocar la docencia y los diferentes procesos educativos llevados a cabo en las Escuelas de Arquitectura de todo el mundo está cambiando. Existe una búsqueda cada vez más apresurada por lograr involucrar y sumergir a los alumnos en las dinámicas que, eventualmente, los preparará como futuros arquitectos y que, sin embargo, empiezan a verse influenciadas por procedimientos cada vez más rápidos, nuevas necesidades formativas o el uso de nuevas tecnologías, entre otros. ¿Es posible darle un giro a la docencia en una institución con unos currículums tan reglados y lograr, al mismo tiempo, complementarla a través de actividades como un festival de arquitectura? En el marco de la cuarta edición consecutiva del Festival de Arquitectura de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Valencia (ETSA.TOPIA), organizado por alumnos de los diferentes cursos de Grado y Máster contando con la implicación de profesores, personal de la Escuela y colaboradores externos se ha podido comprobar un año más cómo actividades de este tipo enriquecen no sólo la atmósfera cotidiana fuera de las aulas si no también, la actividad docente mediante el desarrollo de talleres o actividades que puedan contribuir en la adquisición de competencias trasversales, u ofrecer comprobación empírica de aquello que se estudia en clase de una forma amena y participativa. Así, en la reciente celebración de ETSA.TOPIA y en relación con el tema propuesto para esta edición, se realizó un taller de introducción al diseño paramétrico y a la fabricación digital en colaboración con grupos adscritos al programa “Generación Espontánea” donde se logró construir una pieza de mobiliario urbano a partir de un modelo adaptativo empleando la técnica de impresión en hormigón. Se pretende analizar la experiencia realizada y llegar a unas conclusiones aplicables a futuras actividades o recursos docentes que contribuyan en el desarrollo de los profesionales surgidos de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Valencia.