bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of CuO NPs on the pollutant removal, EPS and microbial community of aerobic granular sludge
Authors: Zheng Xiaoying , Shao Xiaoyao , Zhang Yuan , Yang Mengmeng , Xu Zhi , Zhu Linghua
Published: November 2019

With the increasing use of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), its potential environmental toxicity has been concerned nowadays. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a special collection of microorganisms. This research studied under long exposure to the concentration of 5, 10 and 20 mg/L of CuO NPs, pollutants removal efficiency of AGS, extracellular polymers (EPS) and microbial communities in aerobic/anaerobic/anoxic (A/O/A) sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The results showed that COD removal rates was stable, and the removal efficiencies of TN decreased because of the high concentration CuO NPs. On the 45th day, the TP removal efficiency of the reactor with CuO NPs concentration of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L decreased to 55.83% and 43.72%, respectively. The denitrifying phosphorus removal-aerobic granular sludge (DPR-AGS) had certain resistance to the short-term impact of CuO NPs, and the phosphorus removal ability decreased at the late stage of the impact test. Besides, CuO NPs decreased the stability of DPR-AGS. High-throughput sequencing showed that CuO NPs decreased microbial diversity of DPR-AGS.
Cosmoparticle physics of dark matter
Authors: Khlopov Maxim
Published: November 2019

The lack of confirmation for the existence of supersymmetric particles and Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) appeals to extension of the field of studies of the physical nature of dark matter, involving nonsupersymmetric and non-WIMP solutions. We briefly discuss some examples of such candidates in their relationship with extension of particle symmetry and pattern of symmetry breaking. We specify in the example of axion-like particles nontrivial features of cosmological reflection of the structure and pattern of Peccei-Quinn-like symmetry breaking. The puzzles of direct and indiect dark matter searches can find solution in the approach of composite dark matter. The advantages and open problems of this approach are specified. We note that detailed analysis of cosmological consequences of any extension of particle model that provides candidates for dark matter inevitably leads to nonstandard features in the corresponding cosmological scenario. It makes possible to use methods of cosmoparticle physics to study physical nature of the dark matter in the combination of its physical, astrophysical and cosmological signatures.
Description of processes passing at finite space and time intervals in the framework of QFT
Authors: Egorov Vadim , Volobuev Igor
Published: November 2019

We consider a new approach to the description in the framework of QFT of processes passing at finite space and time intervals. The formalism is based on the Feynman diagram technique in the coordinate representation, in which the rules of passing to the momentum representation are modified in accordance with the experimental setup of neutrino oscillation experiments. In effect, only the propagators of particles in the momentum representation are modified, while all the other standard Feynman rules in the momentum representation remain the same. Since the initial and final particle states are described by plane waves, the approach does not need the use of wave packets, which greatly simplifies the calculations of amplitudes. Taking as examples the processes of displaced pion decay, neutral kaon and neutrino oscillations we show that the approach under consideration correctly reproduces the known standard results.
Direct photon production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions: results from ALICE
Authors: Blau Dmitry
Published: November 2019

Direct photon measurements provide a tool for testing QCD predictions in pp collisions and valuable information about properties of the quarkgluon matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Comparing direct photon production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions, one can check the scaling with the number of binary collisions expected at high transverse momentum and get insight into the hot and cold hadronic matter properties with soft photons. The elliptic flow of direct photons is another unique possibility to trace the collective flow formation and space-time evolution of the fireball.

We present the latest measurements of direct photon production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions and of the elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC energies. Comparison to recent theory predictions will be also discussed.
Production of Σ0 Hyperons at LHC with ALICE
Authors: Borissov Alexander
Published: November 2019

The first measurements of the transverse momentum (pT) spectra and integrated yields of Σ0 and Σ−0 baryons in proton-proton (pp) collisions at √s = 7 TeV are reported. The Σ0(Σ−0) signal is reconstructed via the Λ (Λ−) + γ decay channel by invariant mass analysis. The Λ (Λ−) baryon is reconstructed by its weak decay into p + π−(p− + π+), while the photon is detected exploiting the unique capability of the ALICE detector to measure low energy photons via conversion into e+e− pairs. A significant disagreement between the data and the predictions from the QCD-inspired Monte Carlo event generator PYTHIA is observed for the pT spectrum. The yield ratio of Σ0(Σ−0) to Λ is shown as a function of pT . Finally, the new data point for the integrated yield ratio of Σ0(Σ−0) to Λ from pp collisions at 7 TeV is found to be similar to the results obtained in different elementary collison systems (e+e−, pp) measured at collision energies below 100 GeV.
Optimization of a light collection in the Shashlyk-type electromagnetic calorimeter with projective geometry for the NICA/MPD experiment.
Authors: Durum Artur , Britvich Gennadiy , Chernichenko Sergey , Denisov Alexei , Kostin Mikhail , Krechetov Yury , Semenov Andrei Yu. , Sukhikh Alexander , Vlasov Nikolay , Yanovich Andrey
Published: November 2019

The MPD spectrometer at the NICA collider complex is
currently under construction in Dubna. The main goal of the experiment is to obtain fundamental knowledge about the properties of hot and dense baryonic matter formed in heavy-ion collisions in the energy range of (4-11) A*GeV. Crucial detector of the MPD experiment is a large-sized barrel electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal), which (together with the tracking system) will provide unique opportunities for the measurement and identification of a wide variety of charged and neutral particles carrying information about early stages of the interactions. Important tasks related to the construction of the Shashlyk-type MPD ECal are the development, production and study of the calorimeter modules with projective geometry. To improve performance of ECal, the light collection in the modules should be optimized. We present the methods and technologies developed to increase the light yield with different types and configurations of reflectors on the end of wavelengths shifting fibers. Expected characteristics of the calorimeter in detection of photons and electrons are presented and discussed
Search for new decays of the Λ0bbaryon at the LHCb experiment
Authors: Pereima Dmitrii
Published: November 2019

High statistics collected by the LHCb experiment between 2011 and 2018 in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the Large Hadron Colllider (LHC), jointly with the large cross-section of bb−pairs production provides unique possibility for the search and study new decays of beauty hadrons. The results of search for new decays of the Λ0bbaryons are presented. In particular the decays Λ0b→ Λ+cpp−π−, Λ0b→ J/ψΛ, Λ0b→ ψ(2S)Λ, Λ0b→ ψ(2S)pπ−, Λ0b→ χc1(3872)pK−and Λ0b→ Λγare found and branching fraction ratios measurement for these decays are done. Also the study of the Λ0bπ+π−systems led to the observation of two new excited Λ0bstates, denoted as Λb(6146)0and Λb(6152)0, are found.
New methods of distinguishing the associatedZγproduction
Authors: Belyaev Nikita , Petukhov Alexandr , Soldatov Evgeny
Published: November 2019

Indirect searches of beyond the Standard Model effects are discussed. TheZ(νν−)γprocess is considered in this respect. The limiting factors of the separation of this process from the background one are studied phenomenologically. New potential selection methods are proposed to increase the signal to background ratio.
Three-Reggeon cuts in QCD amplitudes
Authors: Fadin V.S.
Published: November 2019

One of remarkable properties of QCD is the gluon Reggeization. The Reggeized gluon is the primary Reggeon in QCD; Pomeron and Odderon appear as compound states of the Reggeized gluons. Due to negative signature the Reggeized gluon gives the main contributions to high energy QCD amplitudes in each order ofperturbation theory. In the leading and next-to-leading logarithmic approximations these amplitudes aregiven by the Regge pole contributions. In the next-to-next-to-leading approximation the pole form of the amplitudes is violated by contributions of three-Reggeon cuts. We discuss these contributions to elastic QCD amplitudes.
Some analytic results for the contribution to the anomalous magnetic moments of leptons due to the polarization of vacuum via lepton loops
Authors: Solovtsova Olga , Lashkevich Vasil , Sidorov Alexander
Published: November 2019

We present some new exact expressions for the contribution of the mass-dependent three-bubble diagrams to the anomalous magnetic moment of leptons L = e, µ and τ. A comparison with the analytic expansions in terms of the mass ratio mℓ/mL made in the literature, whenever relevant, is discussed.
Estimates of the Bc wave function from the CDF and LHCb production data
Authors: Baranov Sergey , Lipatov Artem
Published: November 2019

In the framework of perturbative QCD and nonrelativistic bound state formalism, we calculate the production of Bc and B*c mesons at the conditions of the CDF andLHCb experiments. We derive first estimations for the Bc wave function from a comparison with the available data.
Multiquark-Adequate QCD Sum Rules: the Case of Flavour-Exotic Tetraquarks
Authors: Lucha Wolfgang , Melikhov Dmitri , Sazdjian Hagop
Published: November 2019

Frequently, theoretical discussions of multiquark hadron states prove to be contaminated or even dominated by contributions of conventional hadrons. For the approach to QCD bound states in terms of QCD sum rules, we show how to get rid of all unwanted ordinary-hadron ballast by boiling down the traditional QCD sum-rule formalism to the nonconventional aspects in the focus of interest.
The top quark width constrains from the single top quark production channel.
Authors: Baskakov Alexey , Boos Eduard , Dudko Lev
Published: November 2019

Using model independent and gauge invariant method proposed in previous studies we provide estimations on the top quark width measurement from the single top quark production channel and discuss the results of combining measurements from single and pair top quark production.
The role of acceleration and vorticity in relativistic hydrodynamics
Authors: Prokhorov George , Teryaev Oleg , Zakharov Valentin
Published: November 2019

The role of vorticity and acceleration in relativistic hydrodynamics is investigated. Particular attention is paid to the effects of vorticity, as well as mixed effects, when the medium has both acceleration and vorticity. Quantumfield corrections to the energy density of free Dirac fields are calculated using the Zubarev density operator. The corresponding nonperturbative formulas are proposed and justified in the particular cases of parallel vorticity and acceleration and zero acceleration.
Restrictions on the parameters of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with CP-violation
Authors: Gurskaya Albina , Dolgopolov Mikhail , Rykova Elza
Published: November 2019

The minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model with CP-violation is considered in this paper. The main area of the model parameters, which is attractive for researchers, corresponds to small values of the tangent mixing angle of two doublets Higgs fields (tanβ). The authors discuss the possibilities of the model in correlation with the data on the search for the lightest stable supersymmetric particle. The masses of neutral Higgs bosons in the basis of CP-violationwas calculated.The results are presented as dependencies neutral CP-odd Higgs boson mass mA on tanβ. At small values tgβ the mass of the lightest stable particle must be more than ∼ 250 GeV.
Lessons from topological superfluids: Safe and dangerous routes to antispacetime
Authors: Eltsov V.B. , Nissinen J. , Volovik G.E.
Published: November 2019

All realistic second order phase transitions are undergone at finite transition rate and are therefore non-adiabatic. In symmetry-breaking phase transitions the non-adiabatic processes, as predicted by Kibble and Zurek [1, 2], lead to the formation of topological defects (the so-called Kibble-Zurek mechanism). The exact nature of the resultingdefects depends on the detailed symmetry-breaking pattern.
Optimal error estimates of the semidiscrete discontinuous Galerkin methods for two dimensional hyperbolic equations on Cartesian meshes using Pk elements
Authors: Liu Yong , Shu Chi-Wang , Zhang Mengping
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we study the optimal error estimates of the classical discontinuous Galerkin method for time-dependent 2-D hyperbolic equations using Pk elements on uniform Cartesian meshes, and prove that the error in the L2 norm achieves optimal (k + 1)th order convergence when upwind fluxes are used. For the linear constant coefficient case, the results hold true for arbitrary piecewise polynomials of degree k ≥ 0. For variable coefficient and nonlinear cases, we give the proof for piecewise polynomials of degree k = 0, 1, 2, 3 and k = 2, 3, respectively, under the condition that the wind direction does not change. The theoretical results are verified by numerical examples.
Lidocaine-Epinephrine-Tetracaine Gel Is More Efficient than Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics and Mepivacaine Injection for Pain Control during Skin Repair in Children: A Prospective, Propensity Score Matched Two-Center Study
Authors: Königs Ingo , Wenskus Julia , Boettcher Johannes , Reinshagen Konrad , Boettcher Michael
Published: November 2019

Introduction Skin lacerations are common in children and their repair is a very unpleasant experience for a child. While pain management has been recognized as a key element of high-quality patient care, recent studies report that pain management in the pediatric emergency departments is still suboptimal. Lidocaine-epinephrine-tetracaine (LET) gel could potentially improve the traumatic experience caused by skin repair as it obviates the need for infiltration. Thus, the aim of the current study was to compare local eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) plus mepivacaine infiltration with topical anesthetics (LET-gel).

Materials and Methods Prospective, propensity score-matched multicenter study including all children between 3 and 16 years presented at two centers. After anesthetics (LET vs. EMLA and infiltration) standardized skin repair was performed. Pain assessment was performed using the faces pain rating scale or visual analogue scale. Follow-up, performed 2 weeks after initial presentation, assessed wound infection rates and overall satisfaction.

Results Of 73 subjects 59 children (37 LET vs. 22 EMLA) were included after propensity score matching. Groups had similar baseline characteristics. Pretreatment was significantly less painful in LET versus local anesthetics group. Pain during skin repair was similar between groups (LET and EMLA with mepivacaine infiltration) and both groups demonstrated similar efficacy (procedure time, need for secondary infiltration, infection rate). Ultimately, pain levels during pretreatment and the surgical procedure were perceived significantly higher by the children than estimated by parents or surgeons.

Conclusion In conclusion, it appears that LET is superior to conventional anesthesia including mepivacaine infiltration in the pediatric emergency departments. Pretreatment with LET is significantly less painful but equally effective. Hence, we recommend LET as a topical anesthetic in the pediatric emergency department.
Synchronization: a framework for examining emotional climate in classes
Authors: Eilam Efrat
Published: November 2019

This conceptual paper stems from a growing body of research examining the roles and functions of emotional climate (EC)—the collective state of students’ shared emotions—in classrooms. It suggests that EC in classrooms can be analyzed as asynchronizationphenomenon. Synchronization is a natural phenomenon, in which autonomous objects that produce periodic rhythms adjust these rhythms to one another. The purpose of this article is thus twofold: to position the concept of EC within the broader context of synchronization theory; and to propose a new definition for EC that captures synchronization aspects. This paper first explains the theory of synchronization. It then critically discusses several sociological and biological theories regarding emotions, and the implications of these theories for teaching and learning. It subsequently delves into current conceptualizations of EC, and the descriptors used to characterize EC in classrooms. On the backdrop of this theoretical review, an argument is developed that humans’ produced emotions can be viewed as autonomous rhythmic oscillators that have the capacity to synchronize with one another, and that, consequently, EC can be studied as a form of synchronization within an ensemble of oscillators. Finally, a new definition of EC is proposed that integrates essential synchronization features. Overall, this paper suggests that synchronization theory can provide a framework of analysis of EC as a holistic phenomenon, not reduced to discrete emotional events. This approach may contribute to enhancing explanatory and predictive capacities in the study of EC.
Compliance current and temperature effects on non-volatile memory switching and volatile switching dynamics in a Cu/SiOx/p++-Si device
Authors: Yoon Sung Joon , Ryu Ji-Ho , Ismail Muhammad , Chen Ying-Chen , Chang Yao-Feng , Yun Min Ju , Kim Hee-Dong , Kim Sungjun
Published: November 2019

We observe how temperature and compliance currents (CCs) affect the coexistence of nonvolatile resistive memory switching (NVMS) and volatile threshold switching (VTS) in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible Cu/SiOx/p++-Si device. NVMS and VTS behaviors are investigated at different temperatures (300 K, 360 K, and 420 K) and different CCs (100 nA–1 mA). In CCs smaller than 1 mA, NVMS and VTS coexist, and as the CC decreases, the frequency of occurrence of VTS tends to increase. The frequency of VTS events increases at higher temperatures. We demonstrate the transient characteristics of the device using a pulse transient for SET, RESET, and volatile switching. These results could be used to artificially mimic the long-term and short-term plasticity of biological synapses using the phenomena of NVMS and VTS.
Competitive assessment of Indian wind power industry: A five forces model
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Zhao Zhen-yu , Ahmad Munir , Batool Kiran , Jan Ali , Mukeshimana Marie Claire
Published: November 2019

India is facing severe energy-related problems, including the deficiency of fossil fuel resources, greenhouse gas emissions, and an increase in power demand and supply gap due to overpopulation and growing industrial needs. In 2018, the average power demand and supply gap was 1617 MW, indicating that there is a deficit of 23 × 109 kWh in the country. In the meantime, a massive increase in electricity prices has made the affordability of electricity very difficult for domestic and industrial users. The development of alternative and renewable energy sources is very crucial to overcome these problems. Wind energy has emerged as a sustainable energy option for India in this respect. At the same time, the wind industry is facing several challenges as well. This paper aims to develop a value chain model of the wind power industry, assess the competitiveness of the Indian wind power industry, and comprehensively analyze the factors that have a significant influence on the industry by using the “Five Forces Model.” We employed a hybrid research methodology. First, we developed a novel value chain model for the wind power industry. Second, we conducted semistructured interviews with industry professionals on different aspects of the wind energy sector. Third, we critically analyzed official statistics and the related literature along with the national policy structure and regulations. As a result, the Five Forces Model was developed. Five main stakeholders of the Indian wind industry, i.e., buyers, suppliers, competitors, substitutes, and potential competitors, were examined to assess their effect on the development of the wind power industry. Research findings reveal the present status, challenges, the rivalry environment, industry's situation in this environment, and the future projections of the Indian wind power industry. Although the Indian government announced several policies with an aim to boost the wind industry, little substantial action has been taken for their meaningful implantation. The major government policies which need improvements are Generation-Based Incentives, Wind Bidding Scheme, and Tariff Policy. Our findings also highlight that there exists a gap between the expected and actual performances of the wind power industry value chain. Essential policy recommendations for the development of the industry have been suggested, including institutional coordination and decision-making, feed-in tariffs, reformations in the grid structure, encouragement of differentiated business models, enhancing research and development activities, developing professional base, and the full range of government support. This study will serve as a guide for government and stakeholders by understanding the dynamic relationship among all the factors influencing the competitiveness of the Indian wind power industry.
Nonlinear frequency shift of acoustic waves in semiconductor plasmas
Authors: Mir Zahid , Rasheed A. , Shahid M. , Khan Arroj. A. , Jamil M.
Published: November 2019

The evolution of nonlinear instability of an electron acoustic wave from the coupling of pair modes of slightly different frequencies in semiconductor plasmas is studied. The linear dispersive properties of pair modes, viz., pump wave and sideband wave, are analyzed on employing the quantum hydrodynamic model. The linear fields of pair modes couple through a second order convective term to unfold the nonlinear beat frequency of the electron acoustic mode. The nonlinear dispersion relation leads to the derivation of the growth rate of three-wave parametric instability. The quantum effects of semiconductor electrons are taken through the exchange-correlation potential, the Bohm potential, and statistical Fermi pressure. The growth rate is also analyzed graphically. This study seeks its applications in semiconductor devices.
Predicted rebound effects of insulator-metal transition temperature in tungsten doped VO2 via first-principles method
Authors: Nisar Mohammad , Lin Zixiang , Xu Gang , Liu Yong , Han Gaorong
Published: November 2019

A first-principles study of insulator-metal transitions (IMTs) in the W-doped monoclinic phase and the rutile phase of VO2 has been carried out. The doping concentration was achieved by substituting atoms of vanadium by tungsten in various supercells of monoclinic and rutile phased VO2. We found a fascinating rebound behavior of transition temperature, which exhibited an unobstructed relation to crystal and electronic structures. The results showed that by increasing the doping concentration of W into VO2, the IMT tuned to lower temperature at the beginning and then anomalously shifted to a higher temperature. This rebound effect was confirmed by the calculated V-atomic shift dV, V-atomic charge transfer Δq, and density of states. We attributed this effect to the consequences of “off-chain” and “in-chain” substitutive doping of W atoms. This alteration affects the capability of the VO2 crystal to tolerate the perturbations caused by dopants, and, as an upshot, the IMT properties of VO2 depressed initially and recovered later. This unique behavior might have great applications for smart windows, sensors, and other switching devices.
On the experimental determination of the repulsive component of the potential from high pressure measurements: What is special about twelve?
Authors: Casalini R. , Ransom T. C.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we present an overview of results in the literature regarding the thermodynamical scaling of the dynamics of liquids and polymers as measured from high-pressure measurements. Specifically, we look at the scaling exponent γ and argue that it exhibits the limiting behavior γ → 4 in regimes for which molecular interactions are dominated by the repulsive part of the intermolecular potential. For repulsive potentials of the form U(r) ∝ r−n, γ has been found to be related to the exponent n via the relation γ = n/3. Therefore, this limiting behavior for γ would suggest that a large number of molecular systems may be described by a common repulsive potential U(r) ∝ r−n with n ≈ 12.
Asymptotic behavior for solutions to the dissipative nonlinear Schrödinger equations with the fractional Sobolev space
Authors: Hoshino Gaku
Published: November 2019

We study the Cauchy problem for the nonlinear Schrödinger equations with dissipative nonlinearity. In particular, we show the time decay estimate for global solutions in Lebesgue space of square integrable functions. Main results of this paper are the extension of results that have been proved in the work of Hayashi et al. [Adv. Math. Phys. 5, 3702738 (2016)].
Self-propulsion of a sticky sphere partially covered with a surface slip velocity
Authors: Dhar A. , Burada P. S. , Raja Sekhar G. P.
Published: November 2019

Microorganisms follow various strategies to swim in a viscous medium. In an attempt to understand the swimming of ciliated microorganisms, we study low Reynolds number locomotion of a rigid slip-stick swimmer where the propulsive slip velocity is concentrated around an annular patch, which imitates the distinctive surface activity of the microorganisms. In addition, we assume the Navier slip condition at the rigid-fluid interface, which contributes to the hydrodynamic slip or stickiness across the surface. We solve for the locomotion speed and the corresponding flow fields of the swimmer in an axisymmetric unbounded medium. Our analysis reveals insights into how the choice of active slip influences the swimming velocity and the other relevant swimming characteristics. Interestingly, we find that for an optimal active slip in the annular range [π/4, 3π/4], the locomotion speed of the partially covered swimmer is enhanced by a factor of 2 compared to the standard fully covered squirmer. In addition, the corresponding swimming efficiency is enhanced by ∼2.4 times. We independently treat the influence of stickiness of the swimmer on the swimming characteristics. We find that the stickiness reduces the hydrodynamic resistance for the partially covered swimmer and further enhances the swimming speed and efficiency. These findings will be helpful to design efficient artificial swimmers in terms of higher mobility and lower power dissipation.
A predictive model for long-term multipactor discharge under two-carrier operation based on chaos theory
Authors: Siddiqi M. , Kishek R. A.
Published: November 2019

Multipactor is an electron discharge driven by secondary electron emission that plagues microwave components, accelerator structures, space-borne systems, and other related electronics in vacuum. Recently, a novel theoretical approach for multipactor based on nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory has been introduced and demonstrated for single-carrier operation. In this paper, this theory is expanded to two-carrier operation in a parallel-plate geometry, where two radio frequency (RF) electric-fields (each with a separate amplitude and frequency) are present in the gap. Here, the theory applies to long-term multipactor discharges. The theoretical predictions are verified against particle-in-cell simulations, and a two-carrier susceptibility diagram that summarizes the influence of the second carrier on multipactor suppression is presented. The generalization of the theory to multicarrier systems, where several RF carriers coexist, is discussed.
Effects of Zn2+ and Ga3+ doping on the quantum yield of cluster-derived InP quantum dots
Authors: Friedfeld Max R. , Stein Jennifer L. , Johnson Dane A. , Park Nayon , Henry Nicholas A. , Enright Michael J. , Mocatta David , Cossairt Brandi M.
Published: November 2019

As the commercial display market grows, the demand for low-toxicity, highly emissive, and size-tunable semiconducting nanoparticles has increased. Indium phosphide quantum dots represent a promising solution to these challenges; unfortunately, they typically suffer from low inherent emissivity resulting from charge carrier trapping. Strategies to improve the emissive characteristics of indium phosphide often involve zinc incorporation into or onto the core itself and the fabrication of core/shell heterostructures. InP clusters are high fidelity platforms for studying processes such as cation exchange and surface doping with exogenous ions since these clusters are used as single-source precursors for quantum dot synthesis. Here, we examined the incorporation of zinc and gallium ions in InP clusters and the use of the resultant doped clusters as single-source precursors to emissive heterostructured nanoparticles. Zinc ions were observed to readily react with InP clusters, resulting in partial cation exchange, whereas gallium resisted cluster incorporation. Zinc-doped clusters effectively converted to emissive nanoparticles, with quantum yields strongly correlated with zinc content. On the other hand, gallium-doped clusters failed to demonstrate improvements in quantum dot emission. These results indicate stark differences in the mechanisms associated with aliovalent and isovalent doping and provide insight into the use of doped clusters to make emissive quantum dots.
Experimental characterization of the AISHa ion source
Authors: Celona L. , Calabrese G. , Castro G. , Chines F. , Gambino N. , Leonardi O. , Manno G. , Mascali D. , Massara A. , Miraglia A. , Siliato D. , Torrisi G. , Gammino S.
Published: November 2019

The Advanced Ion Source for Hadrontherapy (AISHa) has been designed to generate high brightness multiply charged ion beams for hadron therapy applications. AISHa is a compact electron cyclotron resonance ion source whose hybrid magnetic system consists of a permanent Halbach-type hexapole magnet and a set of independently energized superconducting coils. This has allowed us to achieve high performances in a cost effective way. During the commissioning phase, a few criticalities have been observed and fixed in 2018/19; the improvements will be briefly described and the results of the operations with a single 18 GHz generator will be presented. Particular relevance will be given to the production of high intensity beams of oxygen, argon, and carbon, the latter having huge importance for hadron therapy applications. Perspectives for further improvements, including double frequency heating, will also be highlighted.
Accurate nuclear quadrupole moment of ruthenium from the molecular method
Authors: Gusmão Eriosvaldo F. , Santiago Régis T. , Haiduke Roberto L. A.
Published: November 2019

The nuclear electric quadrupole moment (NQM) of ruthenium was reevaluated by means of the molecular method. Therefore, four-component relativistic electronic structure calculations of the electric field gradient at the Ru nucleus in ruthenium monocarbide, which were done with the coupled cluster methodology and carefully augmented large basis sets, were combined with the respective nuclear quadrupole coupling constant from experiments. This provided a recommended NQM value of (425 ± 13) mbarn for 101Ru.
Observation of large anomalous Nernst effect in 2D layered materials Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Fang C. , Wan C. H. , Guo C. Y. , Feng C. , Wang X. , Xing Y. W. , Zhao M. K. , Dong J. , Yu G. Q. , Zhao Y. G. , Han X. F.
Published: November 2019

Two-dimensional layered materials with remarkable thermoelectric coefficients are promising candidates for sustainable thermopower batteries. Here, we investigate the anomalous Nernst effect and anomalous Hall effect in the polycrystalline Fe3GeTe2 thin films. While its Seebeck coefficient and anomalous Hall angle (or magnetization) monotonously increase and decrease with temperature, respectively, the anomalous Nernst coefficient of the Fe3GeTe2 films exhibits a peak value of 0.28 μV K–1 T–1 at 150 K, which is the compromised outcome between the enhanced Seebeck effect and the gradually weakened magnetism with elevating temperature. A noticeable anomalous Nernst effect observed in Fe3GeTe2 sheds light on the low-temperature application of two-dimensional layered materials in spin-caloritronics.
Supramolecular Interaction Between Cucurbit[8]uril and the Quinolone Antibiotic Ofloxacin
Authors: Li Chun-Rong , Feng Hua-Ming , Zhao Jin-Yi , Li Zhu , Bian Bing , Meng Tie-Hong , Hu Xian-Yun , Wang Heng , Xiao Xin
Published: November 2019

The host–guest inclusion complex of cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) and ofloxacin (OFLX) has been prepared and characterised by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The findings demonstrated that a host–guest inclusion complex could be formed through an encapsulation of the methylmorpholine and piperazine rings in OFLX. ITC results indicated that the formation of this inclusion complex (1:1 molar ratio) was primarily dependent on enthalpy and entropy changes. In addition, the release of OFLX from the inclusion complex was increased under acidic conditions.
Honeybees use their wings for water surface locomotion
Authors: Roh Chris , Gharib Morteza
Published: November 2019

Honeybees display a unique biolocomotion strategy at the air–water interface. When water’s adhesive force traps them on the surface, their wetted wings lose ability to generate aerodynamic thrust. However, they adequately locomote, reaching a speed up to 3 body lengths·s
−1
. Honeybees use their wetted wings as hydrofoils for their water surface propulsion. Their locomotion imparts hydrodynamic momentum to the surrounding water in the form of asymmetric waves and a deeper water jet stream, generating ∼20-μN average thrust. The wing kinematics show that the wing’s stroke plane is skewed, and the wing supinates and pronates during its power and recovery strokes, respectively. The flow under a mechanical model wing mimicking the motion of a bee’s wing further shows that nonzero net horizontal momentum is imparted to the water, demonstrating net thrust. Moreover, a periodic acceleration and deceleration of water are observed, which provides additional forward movement by “recoil locomotion.” Their water surface locomotion by hydrofoiling is kinematically and dynamically distinct from surface skimming [J. H. Marden, M. G. Kramer, Science 266, 427–430 (1994)], water walking [J. W. M. Bush, D. L. Hu, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 38, 339–369 (2006)], and drag-based propulsion [J. Voise, J. Casas, J. R. Soc. Interface 7, 343–352 (2010)]. It is postulated that the ability to self-propel on a water surface may increase the water-foraging honeybee’s survival chances when they fall on the water.
Origin of the avian predentary and evidence of a unique form of cranial kinesis in Cretaceous ornithuromorphs
Authors: Bailleul Alida M. , Li Zhiheng , O’Connor Jingmai , Zhou Zhonghe
Published: November 2019

The avian predentary is a small skeletal structure located rostral to the paired dentaries found only in Mesozoic ornithuromorphs. The evolution and function of this enigmatic element is unknown. Skeletal tissues forming the predentary and the lower jaws in the basal ornithuromorph
Yanornis martini
are identified using computed-tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and histology. On the basis of these data, we propose hypotheses for the development, structure, and function of this element. The predentary is composed of trabecular bone. The convex caudal surface articulates with rostromedial concavities on the dentaries. These articular surfaces are covered by cartilage, which on the dentaries is divided into 3 discrete patches: 1 rostral articular cartilage and 2 symphyseal cartilages. The mechanobiology of avian cartilage suggests both compression and kinesis were present at the predentary–dentary joint, therefore suggesting a yet unknown form of avian cranial kinesis. Ontogenetic processes of skeletal formation occurring within extant taxa do not suggest the predentary originates within the dentaries, nor Meckel’s cartilage. We hypothesize that the predentary is a biomechanically induced sesamoid that arose within the soft connective tissues located rostral to the dentaries. The mandibular canal hosting the alveolar nerve suggests that the dentary teeth and predentary of
Yanornis
were proprioceptive. This whole system may have increased foraging efficiency. The Mesozoic avian predentary apparently coevolved with an edentulous portion of the premaxilla, representing a unique kinetic morphotype that combined teeth with a small functional beak and persisted successfully for ∼60 million years.
Cell adhesion signals regulate the nuclear receptor activity
Authors: Sugimoto Kotaro , Ichikawa-Tomikawa Naoki , Kashiwagi Korehito , Endo Chihiro , Tanaka Satoshi , Sawada Norimasa , Watabe Tetsuya , Higashi Tomohito , Chiba Hideki
Published: November 2019

Significance

Cell adhesion is indispensable for multicellular organisms to form cohesive sheets and to serve as tissues and organs. In addition to the adhesive activity, it exhibits the signaling ability to organize a variety of cellular processes. However, the mechanism by which the cell adhesion signaling influences the cellular events, especially on regulation of gene expression, remains obscure. We determine that the cell adhesion signaling originated from the tight-junction protein claudin-6, which targets members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, such as retinoic acid receptor γ and estrogen receptor α, thereby regulating expression of the respective target genes. This signaling provides insight into regulation of nuclear receptor activity by cell adhesion.
Four-dimensional analyses show that replication compartments are clonal factories in which Epstein–Barr viral DNA amplification is coordinated
Authors: Nagaraju Thejaswi , Sugden Arthur U. , Sugden Bill
Published: November 2019

Herpesviruses must amplify their DNA to load viral particles and they do so in replication compartments. The development and functions of replication compartments during DNA amplification are poorly understood, though. Here we examine 2 functionally distinct replicons in the same cells to dissect DNA amplification within replication compartments. Using a combination of single-cell assays, computational modeling, and population approaches, we show that compartments initially were seeded by single genomes of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Their amplification subsequently took 13 to 14 h in individual cells during which their compartments occupied up to 30% of the nucleus and the nuclear volume grew by 50%. The compartmental volumes increased in proportion to the amount of DNA and viral replication proteins they contained. Each compartment synthesized similar levels of DNA, indicating that the total number of compartments determined the total levels of DNA amplification. Further, the amplification, which depended on the number of origins, was regulated differently early and late during the lytic phase; early during the lytic phase, the templates limited DNA synthesis, while later the templates were in excess, coinciding with a decline in levels of the viral replication protein, BMRF1, in the replication compartments. These findings show that replication compartments are factories in which EBV DNA amplification is both clonal and coordinated.
BMP signaling inhibition in
Drosophila
secondary cells remodels the seminal proteome and self and rival ejaculate functions
Authors: Hopkins Ben R. , Sepil Irem , Bonham Sarah , Miller Thomas , Charles Philip D. , Fischer Roman , Kessler Benedikt M. , Wilson Clive , Wigby Stuart
Published: November 2019

Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) exert potent effects on male and female fitness. Rapidly evolving and molecularly diverse, they derive from multiple male secretory cells and tissues. In
Drosophila melanogaster
, most SFPs are produced in the accessory glands, which are composed of ∼1,000 fertility-enhancing “main cells” and ∼40 more functionally cryptic “secondary cells.” Inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in secondary cells suppresses secretion, leading to a unique uncoupling of normal female postmating responses to the ejaculate: refractoriness stimulation is impaired, but offspring production is not. Secondary-cell secretions might therefore make highly specific contributions to the seminal proteome and ejaculate function; alternatively, they might regulate more global—but hitherto undiscovered—SFP functions and proteome composition. Here, we present data that support the latter model. We show that in addition to previously reported phenotypes, secondary-cell-specific BMP signaling inhibition compromises sperm storage and increases female sperm use efficiency. It also impacts second male sperm, tending to slow entry into storage and delay ejection. First male paternity is enhanced, which suggests a constraint on ejaculate evolution whereby high female refractoriness and sperm competitiveness are mutually exclusive. Using quantitative proteomics, we reveal changes to the seminal proteome that surprisingly encompass alterations to main-cell–derived proteins, indicating important cross-talk between classes of SFP-secreting cells. Our results demonstrate that ejaculate composition and function emerge from the integrated action of multiple secretory cell types, suggesting that modification to the cellular make-up of seminal-fluid-producing tissues is an important factor in ejaculate evolution.
Branched unwinding mechanism of the Pif1 family of DNA helicases
Authors: Singh Saurabh P. , Soranno Andrea , Sparks Melanie A. , Galletto Roberto
Published: November 2019

Significance

DNA helicases are motor proteins that operate on nucleic acids during DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Repetitive translocation on and unwinding of nucleic acids is an emerging property of multiple helicases. How this repetitive enzymatic activity may be used for function remains unclear. For the 5′-3′ Pif1 family of helicases our data suggest a model in which a highly processive opening of short stretches of DNA is all that this class of nonreplicative helicases need to achieve when their function is coupled to DNA replication.
La réinvention de l’imaginaire héroïque dans la bande dessinée d’aventure
Authors: Álvares Cristina
Published: November 2019

This paper aims at describing the specific contribution of Franco Belgianbande dessinée(BD) to the modern redefinition of the heroic imaginary by reshaping adventure and its subject, the hero. It focuses on the articulation of two major features of the new paradigm Hergé has created: the unprecedented disjonction between adventure and ordinary life (time, family) and the organization of the hero into two characters (the main character and the sidekick). We examine the variations of the tintinesque paradigm in the historicalSpirouas well as in the contemporarySpirou, in order to grasp how the autonomy of the adventure and of the main character has been shaken by the intrusion of time and domestic life brought about by the elucidation of the indetermined regions of Spirou’s fictionnal world.
Qalʿeh-ye Mehrab Khan: The First Leprosarium in Iran
Authors: Floor Willem
Published: November 2019

Before discussing the establishment and functioning of the first real leprosarium in Iran, a brief explanation is given of the pathology of leprosy, the various names are listed under which it was known in Persian, and the earliest archeological evidence of its occurrence is presented. Also, societal behavior in Imperial Iran towards lepers is highlighted, while reference is made to the earliest medical descriptions of leprosy in Persian. Little is known about the occurrence of leprosy in Iran over the centuries, as evidenced by the lack of knowledge about its prevalence among medical practitioners and institutions in Iran, even as late as the 1920s. Although segregated villages with lepers existed prior to 1926, it was only as of then that the Mehrab Khan village became the first true Iranian leprosarium, when regular institutional medical treatment was offered by American missionary physicians. The funding agencies, medical personnel and treatment, the living environment of lepers and their numbers in Mehrab Khan are discussed as well as how its population size and status changed over time, and how it was transformed into a structural component of public medical care. Finally and briefly, the establishment and functioning of two other Iranian leprosaria is discussed as well as the slow but sure disappearance of the disease in Iran.
Comprehensive assessment on the ecological stress of rapid land urbanization per proportion, intensity, and location
Authors: Li Pingxing , Cao Hui
Published: November 2019

Aiming at assessing the ecological stress of land urbanization comprehensively, three perspectives are considered and combined, i.e. the amount effect with the proportion of construction lands as the indicator, the intensity effect per the density of environmental pollutant emissions, and the location effect based on their spatial distribution in the heterogeneous landscape. The quantitative results of Southern Jiangsu case in Eastern China show the single-perspective ecological stress are spatially different; the proportion effect is higher in city propers which are more densely populated and industrialized. However, the intensity effect is more significant for units along the Yangtze river where heavy industries are gathered, while the location effect is higher in “ecologically suitable” regions. As the integration of proportion, intensity, and location effects, the comprehensive stress differs across Southern Jiangsu and are also different with the single-perspective results. Dominant stressors of each unit are spatially distinct, which benefits policy-makers in targeting their objectives as per primary influencing factors. It is concluded that the comprehensive assessment could efficiently reveal the spatial differentiation of the ecological effects of land urbanization and also the differentiated role of different factors for each unit.
Michael Lazarou: Building a body of research
Authors: O’Donnell Marie Anne
Published: November 2019

Lazarou investigates the relationship between mitochondria and autophagy.
Balance, Yoga, Neoliberalism
Authors: Rosen Alessandra
Published: November 2019

Balance is a socially valorized quality in the United States, and yoga a social practice widely claimed to provide it. In this article, I investigate the semiotic logics of this widespread quality and theorize its relationship to the social practice of yoga and to political projects of neoliberalism and second-wave feminism in the United States. Analyzing ethnographic interviews that I conducted with white female yoga instructors in New York City in the summer of 2016, I show that balance is invoked by speakers as a guide to repurpose chronotopically anchored models of yoga to their contemporary lives. Balance provides speakers a sense that the chronotopic contrasts in these models correspond and are compatible with one another. Identifying three linked semiotic relationships upon which balance’s logics rely—contrast, correspondence, and compatibility—I argue that speakers’ interpretation of these logics is mediated by their social positioning as middle-class white women within a neoliberal political economy in the United States.