bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking digital marketing’s potential in the agricultural sector: A literature review
Authors: Shivkumar Aariyen
Published: October 2024

Success in the business and marketing worlds depends on having a pulse of the market. Digital marketing emerged as a result of the revolution in marketing brought about by the development of digital technologies. In order to reveal the trends and secrets of this rapidly evolving industry, I carried out a poll called the “Digital Marketing Survey in the field of Agriculture” which helps us to find out the depths of digital marketing with the goal of understanding the opinion of user experience, digital India, Human Resources, and Consumer Feedback. I actively engaged a range of individuals in order to obtain insightful data that would help me to improve digital marketing tactics in Agriculture.
How can artificial intelligence be used to detect and mitigate zero-day vulnerabilities?
Authors: Garg Krishiv
Published: October 2024

A zero-day exploit is a cyberattack that uses unknown or unaddressed security flaws in computer software, hardware, or firmware. Zero-day vulnerabilities pose very significant threats to cyber security. While traditional methods have been effective, they are lacking in many aspects due to rapidly evolving cyber threats. Hence, this paper examines artificial intelligence techniques, including machine learning and their application in enhancing cyber security against zero-day vulnerabilities. The research delves into supervised and unsupervised models and algorithms like Naive Bayes. The findings suggest that effective solutions such as artificial intelligence-driven approaches are crucial in the face of rapidly evolving cyber threats.
Challenges and Emerging Strategies in ATMPs
Authors: Malandruccolo Michele
Published: October 2024

Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are a significant innovation in medicine, categorized by the European Medicines Agency into four types: gene therapy medicines, somatic cell therapy medicines, tissue-engineered medicines and combined ATMPs. They hold potential for treating various conditions, including rare diseases, degenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s and cancers. The global market for ATMPs was valued at US$9.28 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach US$22.80 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate of 10.50%. Gene and cell therapies are advancing rapidly, with over 1,700 approved clinical trials worldwide. Notable successes include Glybera for lipoprotein lipase deficiency and Roctavian for haemophilia. Despite limited current approvals, many gene therapies are expected to gain market approval soon. Challenges include stringent regulatory requirements, safety and ethical concerns. For example, Glybera faced multiple rejections before approval due to safety issues. Current clinical studies are exploring immune-based therapies like CAR-T, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells and mesenchymal stromal cells. CAR-T cell therapies, such as Yescarta and Kymriah, have shown promise in treating B-cell lymphoma. However, high development and manufacturing costs limit accessibility, exemplified by Hemgenix, a gene therapy for haemophilia B priced at US$3.5 million. Increased ATMP sales have spurred investor interest in R&D, leading to advancements in technology and manufacturing processes. Despite challenges, the future is promising with more academic and commercial ATMP clinical trials. There are now 32 approved gene therapies globally. To attract industries, the focus should shift from rare to common diseases, and alternative reimbursement models could help manage high costs. A trained workforce and public involvement are crucial for the successful delivery of ATMPs.
الإطار القانوني للمسؤولية الجزائية عن جريمة التسول في فلسطين
Authors: الشيخ محمود
Published: October 2024

تناولت الدراسة موضوعاً على درجة من الأهمية يتمثل بالإطار القانوني الناظم للمسوؤلية الجزائية عن جريمة التسول في فلسطين ، ونظراً لخطورة هذه الجريمة فقد أفرد قانون العقوبات الأردني رقم ( 16 ) لسنة 1960 النافذ في الضفة الغربية وقانون العقوبات الفلسطيني رقم (74) لسنة 1936 النافذ في غزة نصوصاً قانونية ناظمةً لها .
هدفت الدراسة الى بيان الأطار القانوني الناظم لجريمة التسول في فلسطين من خلال بيان الاساليب التي تقع بها هذه الجريمة وشروط قيامها والجزاء المتربت على السلوك الإجرامي من خلال استعراض النصوص القانونية الناظمة لها وبيان العقوبات والتدابيرة الإحترازية المترتبة على فعل المتسول ، كما بينت هذا الدراسة الاثار المترتبة على ظاهرة التسول وصولاً الى طرق علاج هذه الظاهرة من خلال استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي للنصوص القانونية ذات العلاقة بموضوع البحث .
كما خلصت الدراسة الى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات اهمها، أن المادة ( 389) من قانون العقوبات الأردني النافذ في الضفة الغربية والمادة (193) من قانون العقوبات الفلسطيني النافذ في غزة نصتا على صور السلوك الإجرامي الذي تقع به هذه الجريمة ، اما أهم التوصيات فهي أن على المشرع اعادة النظر في العقوبات والتدابير على مرتكب هذه الجريمة حتى تحقق الردع ، وكذلك على المشرع بيان مصير الأموال المتحصلة عن جريمة التسول ، وغيرها من النتائج والتوصيات .
Novice Teachers’ Formation of ‘Teacher-self’ through Video-Mediated Dialogic Reflection
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Institute of Modern Languages, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Ferdouse Jannatul
Published: October 2024

With the proliferation of the idea of Continuing Professional Development (CPD), teachers’ reflective practice has gained much importance in the field of teacher education and development. In the context of developing novice English language practitioners’ ‘teacher- self’, the current study focuses on two Bangladeshi beginner teachers’ understanding of their points of teaching strengths and weaknesses as identified from their own video-recorded classes. Moreover, this qualitative research explores the process of novice teachers’ transformation from the ‘student-self’ to the ‘teacher-self’ through dialogic reflection sessions conducted by the researcher. The study reveals some distinctive features of the transformation of the teacher participants. It is recommended that further exploratory and longitudinal studies are required to get a more comprehensive and generalizable result in this discipline.
IMPEACHMENT KEPALA DAERAH DALAM UPAYA MENDORONG GOOD GOVERNANCE
Authors: Sirojul Baehaqi Eki
Published: October 2024

Pelaksanaan pemerintahan daerah di Indonesia diterapkan berdasarkan asas otonomi dan tugas pembantuan sebagaimana yang diatur didalam Undang-undang nomor 23 tahun 2014 tentang pemerintahan daerah. Sejak negara Indonesia menerapkan sistem otonomi daerah, peran kepala daerah menjadi sangat leluasa (dominan). Sesungguhnya, sistem otonomi daerah diberlakukan dengan harapan dapat mendorong good governance sehingga dapat mempercepat terwujudnya pemerataan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Namun dengan prinsip otonomi sekarang ini, faktanya kita masih dihadapkan pada masalah dominasi kekuasaan yang dimiliki oleh kepala daerah sehingga membuat kepala daerah bertindak secara sewenang-wenang (abuse of authority).
Berdasarkan hal tersebut diatas, maka permasalahan yang akan diangkat dalam artikel ini adalah: apa yang dimaksud dengan impeachment serta bagaimana korelasi impeachment dalam mendorong tata pemerintahan yang baik di daerah menurut Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, bagaimana kepala daerah membangun pemerintahan yang akuntabel dan bagaimana caranya melakukan impeachment terhadap kepala daerah jika dia tidak melaksanakan pemerintahan yang akuntabel. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis peran penting kepala daerah dalam mewujudkan good governance. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif normatif.
Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan tugas dan kewenangan seringkali kepala daerah melakukan perbuatan pelanggaran hukum baik tindak pidana korupsi, pelanggaran etika maupun sumpah jabatan juga pelanggaran hukum lain sebagaimana diatur didalam Pasal 76 ayat 2 Undang-undang nomor 23 tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Tindakan pelanggaran hukum yang dilakukan oleh kepala daerah itu tentunya bertentangan dengan prinsip good governance.
Maka untuk mengatasi problem kesewenang-wenangan kepala daerah, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah harus dapat memperkuat peran pengawasannya dengan memfungsikan institusi impeachment untuk mendorong akuntabilitas Pemerintah Daerah. Impeachment kepala daerah dapat berbentuk tuduhan DPRD atas tindakan pelanggaran hukum kepala daerah namun tak berujung pada pada pemberhentian (accused of unlawful activity) dan tuduhan yang berujung pada pemberhentian kepala daerah dari jabatannya (removal from office).
MANAJEMEN PEMBIAYAAN PADA LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Nursobah Anis
Published: October 2024

Biaya adalah salah satu unsur yang sangat penting dalam pendidikan. Pendidikan dapat terselenggara secara optimal jika didukung oleh biaya yang memadai. Tanpa biaya yang memadai, pendidikan akan sulit berkembang. Biaya tersebut diperuntukan pada komponen-komponen pendidikan seperti ruang kelas, ruang kantor, ruang perpustakaan, media pembelajaran, laboratorium, perangkat computer, honorarium guru pegawai dan lain-lain. Manajemen pembiayaan dalam pendidikan dapat diartikan sebagai kegiatan mengelola keuangan secara profesional dan proporsional untuk dialokasikan tehadap program-program pelaksanaan operasional pendidikan. Karena tujuan manajemen pendidikan itu sendiri adalah penggunaan dana atau anggaran dapat dilakukan secara efesien dan efektif, guna mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang diharapkan. Sedangkan fungsi manajemen pembiayaan pendidikan secara umum adalah penganggaran, pembukuan dan pengawasan. Pembiayaan pendidikan pada dasarnya merupakan suatu proses pengalokasian sumber-sumber pada kegiatan operasional pendidikan, meliputi perencanaan, pembiayaan dan pelaksanaan anggaran pendidikan, akuntansi dan pemeriksaan atau pengawasan anggaran pendidikan. Penganggaran merupakan proses pengambilan keputusan untuk mengatur pemakaian sumber daya pada masa yang akan dating. Sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan sumber pembiayaan dalam pendidikan adalah pendapatan lembaga pendidikan yang berasal dari pemerintah, orang tua peserta didik dan masyarakat. Kegiatan manajemen pendidikan meliputi penganggaran, pembukuan atau penatausahaan serta pemeriksaan atau penilaian.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH, KOMPENSASI, DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI MTs AL-ISHLAH DAN MTs AL-HIDAYAH JAMANIS KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA
Authors: Komalasari Imas
Published: October 2024

Peningkatan kinerja guru dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor baik faktor internal maupun faktor eksternal. Dari kedua faktor tersebut yang sangat mempengaruhi kinerja guru di MTs. Al-Ishlah dan MTs. Al-Hidayah Jamanis Kabupaten Tasikmalaya adalah kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, kompensasi, dan disiplin kerja.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analisis dengan jumlah populasi 40 orang dan semuanya dijadikan responden (survey). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis korelasi untuk mengetahui derajat keeratan hubungan antar variabel penelitian dan teknik analisis jalur untuk mengetahui pengaruh baik langsung maupun tidak langsung variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Dalam operasionalisasinya digunakan bantuan software SPSS 18 dan Excel.
Kepemimpinan di MTs. Al-Ishlah dan MTs. Al-Hidayah Jamanis Kabupaten Tasikmalaya yang dibangun melalui unsur-unsur: Edukator, manajer, administrator, supervisor, leader, inovator, dan motivator berada pada kategori baik dengan rata-rata skor 3,48. Kompensasi yang dibangun melalui unsur finansial dan nonfinansial berada pada kategori baik dengan rata-rata skor variabel 3.69. Begitu pun dengan Disiplin Kerja yang dibangun melalui disiplin preventif, korektif, dan progresif berada pada kategorti baik dengan rata-rata skor variabel 3,61. Kinerja guru yang dibangun melalui unsur-unsur: proses pembelajaran; peningkatan dan pengembangan kualifikasi akademik dan kompetensi; objektif dan tidak diskriminatif; menjunjung tinggi perundang-undangan, hukum, kode etik guru, nilai-nilai agama dan etika; dan memelihara dan memupuk persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa berada pada kategori cukup baik, dengan rata-rata skor variabel sebesar 3.32.
Pengaruh langsung Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah terhadap Kinerja sebesar 16,60%. Pegaruh langsung kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Guru sebesar 8,00%. Pengaruh langsung Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru sebesar 11,40%. Pengaruh secara simultan Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah, Kompensasi, dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru di MTs. Al-Ishlah dan MTs. Al-Hidayah Jamanis Kabupaten Tasikmalaya adalah sebesar 0,765, sisanya sebesar 0,235 ditentukan oleh variabel lain.
Realitas Komunikasi Diantara Penganut Umat Berbeda Agama: Studi Kasus Etnis Tionghoa Dan Jawa Serang Di Kecamatan Kasemen Kawasan Banten Lama
Authors: Setiawan Wawan , Febriyanti Mega , Arifiana Nurbaiti
Published: October 2024

Realitas komunikasi antara penganut agama yang berbeda dan etnis Tionghoa dan Jawa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memahami bagaimana interaksi sosial antara kelompok yang berbeda agama dan etnis berlangsung di tengah masyarakat yang heterogen. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif dalam bentuk studi kasus. Studi kasus merupakan penelitian yang mencakup pengkajian bertujuan memberikan gambaran secara mendetail mengenai latar belakang, sifat maupun karakter yang ada dari suatu kasus. Dengan kata lain, bahwa studi kasus memusatkan perhatian pada suatu kasus secara intensif dan rinci. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa realitas komunikasi di antara penganut umat beda agama (Etnis Tionghoa dan Jawa Serang) di Kecamatan Kasemen Kawasan Banten Lama sangat baik: (1) Masyarakat yang memiliki kesadaran adanya kesamaan atau kesederajatan perbedaan yang ada, kesadaran masyarakat yang sadar bahwa tidak ada suku atau agama yang lebih tinggi dan mulia tetapi semuanya adalah sama atau sederajat, (3) Pola komunikasi antar budaya terjadi ketika kegiatan musyawarah dan    kegiatan gotong royong yang dilakukan di Kp. Pamarican yang dijadikan sebagai tempat pertemuan dan melakukan berbagai kegiatan di lingkungan tersebut, (3) Akulturasi yang tampak segi kebudayaan yang dianut namun terjadi pencampuran dengan budaya lain dan tidak meninggalkan kebudayaan aslinya, (4) Etnis Tionghoa dan etnis Jawa Serang saling membutuhkan, seperti halnya pihak Vihara Avalokistevara membutuhkan pekerja orang beretnis Jawa Serang karena pekerja yang beretnis Tionghoa sangat minim diakibatkan merantaunya masyarakat beretnis Tionghoa ke keluar kota, begitupula masyarakat etnis Jawa Serang membutuhkan pekerjaan untuk memenuhi kehidupan mereka dan (5) Praktik multikulturalisme di Kp. Pamarican secara umum baik dalam praktik sehari-hari dari beberapa informan warga Tionghoa saat berinteraksi dengan warga Jawa Serang. Sifat multikultural masyarakatnya mampu menciptakan kondisi dan situasi yang tertib, saling memahami, saling menghormati dan saling menghormati.
DAKWAH JURNALIS TRIBUN JABAR: STUDI KOMUNIKASI PROFETIK
Authors: Hardiana Diansah Rano , Setiawan Wawan
Published: October 2024

The characteristics of the Prophet and Apostle include shiddiq (true), amanah (trustworthy), tabligh (adjusting according to facts), and fathanah (according to the rules of the press or journalistic code of ethics). These four characteristics are part of prophetic communication that needs to be implemented by a journalist. This is necessary for a reporter or journalist in journalistic activities to have a reference for making reports that are correct, reliable, based on facts, and in accordance with the journalistic code of ethics. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. By conducting observations and in-depth interviews with research subjects determined purposively. Research with a qualitative approach uses phenomenological methods and interpretative paradigms. This paradigm sees the truth of social reality as having different results, depending on the social actors. Through the constructivism paradigm, researchers want to know how subjects perceive a phenomenon of prophetic journalism in their daily lives so that it can be interpreted and explained by research subjects according to their understanding of their respective applications. This research shows that the West Java Tribune has implemented prophetic journalism in producing news, although not yet comprehensively, but at least journalists at the West Java Tribune have implemented the 4 morals of the Prophet and Apostle in their journalistic activities in the field. The implementation of Siddiq's morals in journalistic activities at the West Java Tribune is that there "adheres to journalistic ethics and one of them is how to be precise, accurate and trustworthy. Implementation of morals of trust in journalistic activities at the West Java Tribune "One of the points in journalistic ethics is that we must convey valid information, information that can truly be confirmed. Implementation of tabligh morals in journalistic activities at the West Java Tribune "the news we convey is always based on facts and data available in the field, for example, there was an accident involving one or two motorbikes, so that is conveyed according to the facts in the field and the implementation of fathanah morals in journalistic activities in West Java Tribune "So in the process of making news we cannot make news that is not based on existing facts, neither exaggerated nor reduced. The process of making news also has a role for journalists.
Organizational Justice-Organizational Cynicism Relationship: Moderating Role of Islamic Work Ethics
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Rabbani Sajeela , Kamal Nida
Published: October 2024

This study has investigated the organizational justice (OJ) organizational cynicism (OC) relationship and established moderating role of Islamic work ethics (IWE) on the OJ-OC relationship. The Study analyzed a data set based on responses from a sample of 463 individuals from multiple private service sector organizations including telecom, hospitals, and universities using the convenience sampling technique. Data were collected in two phases with a time lag of 3 weeks using adapted and personally administered questionnaires. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for data analysis. Results revealed a significant negative OJ-OC relationship. Moderation results and graphs being plotted using slope tests confirmed the moderating role of IWE among OJ-OC. Implications, limitations, and futuredirections are discussed.
Does Organizational Change Promote Job Satisfaction of Police Officials in Pakistan? A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Abbas Farrukh , Hameed Raja Mazhar , Ullah Irfan
Published: October 2024

Organizational change is considered ideal to produce unexpected events. Hence, the purpose of this study is to find out the influence of organizational change on employees’ job satisfaction. It also aims to examine the mediating role of perceived stress and psychological uncertainty within the relationship between organizational change towards job satisfaction. The data were collected from 342 police officials of district Rawalpindi working in twenty-nine police stations of eleven circles. Demographics, Validity and Correlation analysis were performed. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for hypothesis testing in the present study. Organizational change was observed to be positively related to the job satisfaction of employees. Moreover, perceived stress and psychological uncertainty were witnessed to be playing a mediating role between organizational change and job satisfaction. This particular research work is considered as one of the first efforts towards examination of organizational change and job satisfaction of police officials along with mediations i.e., perceived stress and psychological uncertainty.
e-HRM practices with Transformational e-HRM outcomes: The mediating role of proximal outcomes
Authors: Khan Khalil Ahmad , Talib Nadeem
Published: October 2024

The aim of this quantitative study is to analyze the impact of e-HRM practices on operational, relational, and transformational e-HRM outcomes. It also aims to explore if the adoption of e-HRM practices influences transformational e-HRM outcomes through the mediation of operational and relational e-HRM outcomes. Remenyi's and Zuboff's IT frameworks and the RBV paradigm serve as the foundation for the research framework. The study found evidence supporting these theories, showing that e-HRM practices have a significant impact on operational, relational, and transformational e-HRM outcomes. It also provided empirical evidence that operational and relational e-HRM outcomes positively mediate the relationship between e-HRM practices and transformational e-HRM outcomes. The study's generalizability is limited due to its small sample size and participants being Pakistani HR managers and executives only. Future research should include all stakeholders, consider long-term outcomes, and explore contingency factors like innovative climate, supportive work environment, and sustainable leadership style. Longitudinal data is recommended in future studies for causal relationships. It is recommended that organizations should align their e-HRM practices to achieve strategic excellence and utilize their capabilities for operational, relational, and transformational e-HRM outcomes. Embracing technology can enhance performance and competitive advantage. HR functions should act as change strategists to meet business demands and optimize outcomes. The study offers valuable insights for selecting and tuning their practices to achieve optimal proximal and distal outcomes. The main novelty of this study is the findings that operational and relational e-HRM outcomes partially mediate the influence of e-HRM practices on transformational e-HRM outcomes.
Impact of Work-Family Conflict on Deviant Workplace Behaviors in Telecom Sector Organizations of Pakistan: Moderating Role of Islamic Work Ethics
Authors: Riaz Aamir , Saghir Ahsen
Published: October 2024

The challenges of the information era and accessibility have reshaped the organizational environments and work dynamics. The issues originating from complex corporate cultures directly affect employees and their families and cause undesired behaviors at work by employees. To mitigate the instances of these behaviors, there is a need to understand the psychological condition of the employees involved in such undesired behaviors. The study focuses on the effect of work-family conflicts on deviant workplace behaviors by exploring the moderating role of Islamic work ethics. Data of 350 operational managers from four government and 26 private telecom organizations selected randomly in Pakistan was collected using a convenience sampling technique. The respondents were required to fill in the online questionnaire. The results indicate that work-family conflicts are positively and significantly related to deviant workplace behaviors and Islamic work ethics moderates this relationship. The introduction and implementation of Islamic work ethics can help in creating a progressive, cordial work environment and a system having better output in terms of performance, reliability and ownness. A “CIRCLE” approach (C - Code of Conduct & Clear Communication, I - Incentives and Accountability, R - Reinforcement and Review, C - Cautious Hiring Process, L- Leadership Commitment/ Top to Bottom Approach, E - Ethical Training Regime) is recommended for the organizations to attain an exponentially evolving and improving organizational workplace environment.
Optimization of Electricity Supply in East Nusa Tenggara Through Communal Solar Power Plants: A Case Study of Kupang City Using PVSyst
Authors: Saputri Fahmy Rinanda , Prasetya Indra Hadi , Akbar Agie Maliki
Published: October 2024

Certain regions in Indonesia face challenges related to inadequate electricity supply. To address this, it is essential to model and simulate potential solutions before implementation. This study focuses on optimizing electricity provision to resolve a 4 MW deficit in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, particularly at night, through the development of a communal Solar Power Plant. PVsyst software is used for analysis to determine the most economical and optimal solar system configuration. The Oelnasi site, selected for its solar radiation levels, land availability, and proximity to the grid, will house 17,411 solar panels covering 28,360 m², with 196 inverters. The system will generate 4.005 kWp of PV power, with a maximum DC power of 3.583 kWDC, and an AC power of 2.940 kWAC. Simulation results indicate that the Oelnasi Solar Power Plant can supply stable nighttime electricity and reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 7,200 tons annually.
Photo-emission electron gun and electron optical simulation for ultrafast scanning electron microscope
Authors: Yang Dong , Li Zhong-Wen , Tian Yuan , Sun Shuai-Shuai , Tian Huan-Fang , Yang Huai-Xin , Li Jian-Qi ,   Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China,   Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
Published: October 2024

Ultrafast scanning electron microscope (USEM) integrates pump-probe technique with microscopic imaging, enabling the visualizing of photon-induced surface charge dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution. This capability is crucial for high-resolution detection of semiconductor surface states and optoelectronic devices. This work discusses the parametric design of a thermionic emission electron gun that has been modified into a photoemission electron gun, based on a home-built ultrafast scanning electron microscope. Given that the dose of the photoemitting electron beam is usually much lower than that of thermionic emission, the transition to photoemission requires the removal of the self-bias voltage function of the original electron microscope power supply to ensure the normal operation of the Wehnelt electrode. We quantitatively analyze the dependence of bias voltage, cathode, Wehnelt electrode, and anode on the position, size and divergence angle of crossover, which helps to improve the parameter adjustment of the modified electron gun. The analysis results indicate that if the distance between the Wehnelt electrode and the anode is adjusted from 8 to 23 mm, the distance between the filament and wehnelt can be changes from 0.65 to 0.45 mm to cooperate with the bias adjustment, so that the normal use of high-resolution thermionic emission mode, low voltage mode and photoemission mode can be realized. Subsequently, the effect of the mirror’s position on the electron optical path is analyzed. It is found that when the anode is raised 1.4 mm above the mirror, the influence on the electron optical path can be ignored. Additionally, the zero-of-time and temporal broadening of the photo-electron pulse are further simulated. The results indicate that with the increase of bias voltage, the time zero of photoemission will be delayed and the temporal broadening will become larger. This study lays a foundation for the future development of ultrafast electron microscope and the design of photoemission electron sources.
Plectin-mediated cytoskeletal crosstalk as a target for inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis
Authors: Outla Zuzana , Oyman-Eyrilmez Gizem , Korelova Katerina , Prechova Magdalena , Frick Lukas , Sarnova Lenka , Bisht Piyush , Novotna Petra , Kosla Jan , Bortel Patricia , Borutzki Yasmin , Bileck Andrea , Gerner Christopher , Rahbari Mohammad , Rahbari Nuh , Birgin Emrullah , Kvasnicova Bibiana , Galisova Andrea , Sulkova Katerina , Bauer Andreas , Jobe Njainday , Tolde Ondrej , Sticova Eva , Rosel Daniel , O’Connor Tracy , Otahal Martin , Jirak Daniel , Heikenwälder Mathias , Wiche Gerhard , Meier-Menches Samuel M , Gregor Martin
Published: October 2024

The most common primary malignancy of the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a heterogeneous tumor entity with high metastatic potential and complex pathophysiology. Increasing evidence suggests that tissue mechanics plays a critical role in tumor onset and progression. Here we show that plectin, a major cytoskeletal crosslinker protein, plays a crucial role in mechanical homeostasis and mechanosensitive oncogenic signaling that drives hepatocarcinogenesis. Our expression analyses revealed elevated plectin levels in liver tumors, which correlated with poor prognosis for HCC patients. Using autochthonous and orthotopic mouse models we demonstrated that genetic and pharmacological inactivation of plectin potently suppressed the initiation and growth of HCC. Moreover, plectin targeting potently inhibited the invasion potential of human HCC cells and reduced their metastatic outgrowth in the lung. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling linked plectin-dependent disruption of cytoskeletal networks to attenuation of oncogenic FAK, MAPK/Erk, and PI3K/AKT signatures. Importantly, by combining cell line-based and murine HCC models, we show that plectin inhibitor plecstatin-1 (PST) is well-tolerated and potently inhibits HCC progression. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that plectin-controlled cytoarchitecture is a key determinant of HCC development and suggests that pharmacologically induced disruption of mechanical homeostasis may represent a new therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.
Supercomputer framework for reverse engineering firing patterns of neuron populations to identify their synaptic inputs
Authors: Chardon Matthieu K , Wang Y Curtis , Garcia Marta , Besler Emre , Beauchamp J Andrew , D'Mello Michael , Powers Randall K , Heckman Charles J
Published: October 2024

In this study, we develop new reverse engineering (RE) techniques to identify the organization of the synaptic inputs generating firing patterns of populations of neurons. We tested these techniques in silico to allow rigorous evaluation of their effectiveness, using remarkably extensive parameter searches enabled by massively-parallel computation on supercomputers. We chose spinal motoneurons as our target neural system, since motoneurons process all motor commands and have well-established input-output properties. One set of simulated motoneurons was driven by 300,000+ simulated combinations of excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory inputs. Our goal was to determine if these firing patterns had sufficient information to allow RE identification of the input combinations. Like other neural systems, the motoneuron input-output system is likely non-unique. This non-uniqueness could potentially limit this RE approach, as many input combinations can produce similar outputs. However, our simulations revealed that firing patterns contained sufficient information to sharply restrict the solution space. Thus, our RE approach successfully generated estimates of the actual simulated patterns of excitation, inhibition, and neuromodulation, with variances accounted for ranging from 75–90%. It was striking that nonlinearities induced in firing patterns by the neuromodulation inputs did not impede RE, but instead generated distinctive features in firing patterns that aided RE. These simulations demonstrate the potential of this form of RE analysis. It is likely that the ever-increasing capacity of supercomputers will allow increasingly accurate RE of neuron inputs from their firing patterns from many neural systems.
The recombination landscape of introgression in yeast
Authors: Schwarzkopf Enrique J , Brandt Nathan , Heil Caiti Smukowski
Published: October 2024

Meiotic recombination is an evolutionary force that acts by breaking up genomic linkage, increasing the efficacy of selection. Recombination is initiated with a double-strand break which is resolved via a crossover, which involves the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, or a non-crossover, which results in small tracts of non-reciprocal exchange of genetic material. Crossover and non-crossover rates vary between species, populations, individuals, and across the genome. In recent years, recombination rate has been associated with the distribution of ancestry derived from past interspecific hybridization (introgression) in a variety of species. We explore this interaction of recombination and introgression by sequencing spores and detecting crossovers and non-crossovers from two crosses of the yeast
Saccharomyces uvarum
. One cross is between strains which each contain introgression from their sister species,
S. eubayanus
, while the other cross has no introgression present. We find that the recombination landscape is significantly different between
S. uvarum
crosses, and that some of these differences can be explained by the presence of introgression in one cross. Crossovers are reduced and non-crossovers are increased in heterozygous introgression compared to syntenic regions in the cross without introgression. This translates to reduced allele shuffling within introgressed regions, and an overall reduction of shuffling on most chromosomes with introgression compared to the syntenic regions and chromosomes without introgression. Our results suggest that hybridization can significantly influence the recombination landscape, and that the reduction in allele shuffling contributes to the initial purging of introgression in the generations following a hybridization event.
Single-nucleus transcriptomics reveal the cytological mechanism of conjugated linoleic acids in regulating intramuscular fat deposition
Authors: Wang Liyi , Liu Shiqi , Zhang Shu , Wang Yizhen , Zhou Yanbing , Shan Tizhong
Published: October 2024

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) can serve as a nutritional intervention to regulate quality, function and fat infiltration in skeletal muscles but the specific cytological mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we applied single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to characterize the cytological mechanism of CLAs regulates fat infiltration in skeletal muscles based on pig models. We investigated the regulatory effects of CLAs on cell populations and molecular characteristics in pig muscles and found CLAs could promote the transformation of fast glycolytic myofibers into slow oxidative myofibers. We also observed three subpopulations including SCD
+
/DGAT2
+
, FABP5
+
/SIAH1
+
, and PDE4D
+
/PDE7B
+
subclusters in adipocytes and CLAs could increase the percentage of SCD
+
/DGAT2
+
adipocytes. RNA velocity analysis showed FABP5
+
/SIAH1
+
and PDE4D
+
/PDE7B
+
adipocytes could differentiate into SCD
+
/DGAT2
+
adipocytes. We further verified the differentiated trajectory of mature adipocytes and identified PDE4D
+
/PDE7B
+
adipocytes could differentiate into SCD
+
/DGAT2
+
and FABP5
+
/SIAH1
+
adipocytes by using high IMF content Laiwu pig models. The cell-cell communication analysis identified the interaction network between adipocytes and other subclusters such as fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). Pseudotemporal trajectory analysis and RNA velocity analysis also showed FAPs could differentiate into PDE4D
+
/PDE7B
+
preadipocytes and we discovered the differentiated trajectory of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Besides, we found CLAs could promote FAPs differentiate into SCD
+
/DGAT2
+
adipocytes via inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway
in vitro
. This study provides a foundation for regulating fat infiltration in skeletal muscles by using nutritional strategies and provides potential opportunities to serve pig as an animal model to study human fat infiltrated diseases.
Horizontes Hídricos: Las escalas del agua en un edificio residencial en madera de 8 pisos para Curicó
Authors:   , Cáceres Rucal Macarena Pilar
Published: October 2024

La crisis habitacional y climática en Chile se ven cada vez más relacionadas al momento de idear proyectos arquitectónicos a futuro, y el desarrollo de la vivienda social no se excluye de esta realidad. Para idear viviendas sociales sustentables, se propone hacer uso de la madera como material predominante en la construcción de vivienda en altura. Se considera, además, el rol del agua como agente fundamental dentro del diseño arquitectónico, donde el manejo hídrico se presenta como un desafío que surge desde lo urbano, y se adentra al edificio residencial con sistemas integrados para su reutilización y recolección. Lo anterior a través de la modelación de un edificio predominantemente construido en madera que sea viable a través de los códigos de construcción de Chile, y que, mediante estrategias de manejo hídrico, logre adaptarse al contexto urbano de la ciudad de Curicó .Se busca abordar los desafíos que trae consigo el impacto del agua en los edificios en madera, y contribuir al conocimiento existente con relación a la arquitectura sustentable y la gestión del agua en todas sus escalas.
CLASSIFYING BUBBLE CAVITATION WITH MACHINE LEARNING TRAINED ON PHYSICAL MODELS
Authors:   , GATICA GONZALEZ TRINIDAD
Published: October 2024

When an air filled bubble inside a liquid is excited by an acoustic signal the oscillations may cause cavitation where the bubble collapses and disintegrates into multiple smaller bubbles. This is a crucial phenomenon in various engineering applications, such as underwater noise and biomedical engineering. Accurately modeling cavitation is essential for optimal design of acoustical systems. In this study, our objective is to develop a machine learning model capable of classifying bubble oscillation as stable or transient cavitation. We implemented numerical solvers for the Rayleigh-Plesset, Keller-Miksis, and Gilmore differential equations to describe bubble oscillations with different mathematical models. These models takes the bubble radius, acoustic pressure, frequency, and temperature as input variables and provide a time series of the bubble radius. We used multiple thresholds to distinguish between stable and transient cavitation, based on variables such as the maximum radius, maximum velocity, acoustic emission, inertial and pressure functions for each model. We created a training dataset on a range of relevant physical scenarios. The machine learning algorithm combines different thresholds and models to predict the expected cavitation type. Our machine learning approach allows for fast predictions and uncertainty estimates of cavitation type on a wide range of scenarios. This approach offers greater robustness compared to numerical solution methods, leveraging four thresholds and three equations for enhanced accuracy.
Roteiro de aula-passeio de estudantes com deficiência intelectual ao hotel SESC Copacabana
Authors: Soares Carlos Alberto Lidizia , França Ana Lúcia Reis de , Santos Victor William Rezende dos , Camello Noelle Santos
Published: October 2024

O artigo aborda a técnica pedagógica da aula-passeio, idealizada por Celestin Freinet, e sua aplicação em uma atividade realizada no Hotel SESC Copacabana por alunos com deficiência intelectual do Centro de Apoio Especializado à Educação Profissional (CAEP) Favo de Mel. A metodologia envolveu um estudo de caso baseado em um roteiro de aula-passeio e nas percepções dos participantes, incluindo uma vídeo-entrevista com três estudantes. Os resultados destacam a importância do Turismo Social promovido pelo SESC RJ, que visa democratizar o turismo de forma inclusiva e sustentável. A atividade demonstrou ser uma ferramenta valiosa para o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional dos alunos, resgatando sua autonomia e autoestima.
Ativismo judicial e direito à saúde: a judicialização que atropela a gestão
Authors: Nunes Otávio Augusto Milani , Conte Bruno Pereira , Milani Catiane Medianeira , Borre Giulia , Santos Luiz Henrique Silveira dos , Biesdorf Luiza Gabbi , Pessoa João Pedro Seelfed , Bolzan Gabriel de Bastos , Medeiros Pedro Freitas , Milani Arthur Feltrin
Published: October 2024

A Constituição Federal de 1988 define a separação dos poderes, estabelecendo limites e competências de cada um. No entanto, diante da alegação de omissão dos Poderes Executivo e Legislativo na promoção de políticas públicas, a sociedade passou a recorrer ao Poder Judiciário para assegurar a efetivação de direitos, principalmente do direito à saúde, fundamentando essa pretensão, com respaldo do Poder Judiciário, principalmente fundamentada na inafastabilidade jurisdicional. Sob o argumento de que compete ao Judiciário a efetivação dos ditames constitucionais, especialmente do artigo 196 da Constituição Federal, o número de concessões, via Poder Judiciário, de direitos que deveriam ser resguardados por políticas públicas aumentou significativamente, popularizando-se a concessão de medicamentos através de ações judiciais isoladas – o ponto central do presente estudo. Contudo, o fenômeno da judicialização não é homogêneo e gera efeitos reflexos indiretos além do direito à saúde, incluindo a realocação emergencial de recursos, o aumento de custos e o aprofundamento das desigualdades sociais. A consequência direta dessa prática é a interferência negativa no orçamento público, conforme ilustram os casos envolvendo a doença AME e o tratamento Spinraza. Indiretamente, a judicialização resulta, indubitavelmente, em restrições a outras políticas eleitas como prioritárias pelo gestor originário para beneficiar toda coletividade. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo busca melhor compreender esse cenário para propor soluções para possam atender às demandas sociais e preservar a equanimidade e sustentabilidade do sistema.
Factors Influencing the Use of Digital Personal Banking in South Africa
Authors: Ramsundra Avikar , Mason Roger Bruce
Published: October 2024

Financial technology improvements have simplified personal banking, allowing a range of services to be accessed anytime and anywhere. But the impact of digital financial technology on the use by consumers of digital personal banking in developing economies has been little researched. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to examine the link between the use of digital personal banking by consumers and the various drivers of digital banking use in a developing economy, namely South Africa. An online survey of 400 digital banking users in the iLembe district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, was used to collect data. Of the eight drivers identified initially from extant literature, Online service quality, Usability, and Branch service quality were the most important, with Usability and Online service quality having the greatest positive influence, and Branch service quality having a large negative influence, on use of digital banking by the respondents.
A TRMM/GPM retrieval of the total mean generator current for the global electric circuit
Authors: Peterson Michael , Deierling Wiebke , Liu Chuntao , Mach Douglas , Kalb Christina
Published: September 2017

A specialized satellite version of the passive microwave electric field retrieval algorithm (Peterson et al., 2015) is applied to observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellites to estimate the generator current for the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) and compute its temporal variability. By integrating retrieved Wilson currents from electrified clouds across the globe, we estimate a total mean current of between 1.4 kA (assuming the 7% fraction of electrified clouds producing downward currents measured by the ER‐2 is representative) to 1.6 kA (assuming all electrified clouds contribute to the GEC). These current estimates come from all types of convective weather without preference, including Electrified Shower Clouds (ESCs). The diurnal distribution of the retrieved generator current is in excellent agreement with the Carnegie curve (RMS difference: 1.7%). The temporal variability of the total mean generator current ranges from 110% on semi‐annual timescales (29% on an annual timescale) to 7.5% on decadal timescales with notable responses to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation and El Nino Southern Oscillation. The geographical distribution of current includes significant contributions from oceanic regions in addition to the land‐based tropical chimneys. The relative importance of the Americas and Asia chimneys compared to Africa is consistent with the best modern ground‐based observations and further highlights the importance of ESCs for the GEC.
What Do Kinematic Models Imply About the Constitutive Properties of Rocks Deformed in Flat‐Ramp‐Flat Folds?
Authors: Cruz L. , Nevitt J. M. , Seixas G. , Hilley G. E.
Published: September 2017

Kinematic theories of flat‐ramp‐flat folds relate fault angles to stratal dips in a way that allows prediction of structural geometries in areas of economic or scientific interest. However, these geometric descriptions imply constitutive properties of rocks that might be discordant with field and laboratory measurements. In this study, we compare deformation resulting from kinematic and mechanical models of flat‐ramp‐flat folds with identical geometries to determine the conditions over which kinematic models may be reasonably applied to folded rocks. Results show that most mechanical models do not conform to the geometries predicted by the kinematic models, and only low basal friction (μ ≤ 0.1) and shallow ramps (ramp angle ≤10°) produce geometries consistent with kinematic predictions. This implies that the kinematic models might be appropriate for a narrow set of geometric and basal fault friction parameters.
Functional Polysaccharide Sutures Prepared by Wet Fusion of Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complexation Fibers
Authors: Do Minjae , Im Byung Gee , Park Joseph P. , Jang Jae‐Hyung , Lee Haeshin
Published: September 2017

This study reports polysaccharide‐based fibers that can be utilized as biocompatible functional sutures. Fibers are spontaneously formed by spinning at the interface between two oppositely charged polysaccharide solutions. Unlike the common belief that polysaccharide fibers prepared by electrostatic interactions would exhibit weak mechanical strength, it is demonstrated that fibers spun at the interface between two droplets of positively charged chitosan and negatively charged heparin can exhibit high mechanical strength through spontaneous wet‐state fusion of interfiber strands at a spinning wheel. Dry solidification results in multistranded fibers that were ≈100 µm in diameter with a tensile strength of ≈220 MPa. Post fibrous manipulation yields various morphology with straight or twisted fibers, fabrics, or springs. To demonstrate application of the fiber, it is applied as a medical suture. As heparin has a unique ability to bind adeno‐associated virus (AAV), a therapeutic, biocompatible suture exhibiting localized AAV‐mediated gene delivery function can be prepared. This study shows that multistrand fusion of fibers, formed by weak, electrostatic interactions and followed by drying solidification counterintuitively results in mechanically strong, functional fibers with various potential applications.
An Amidine‐Type n‐Dopant for Solution‐Processed Field‐Effect Transistors and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Lin , Liu Tiefeng , Duan Jiashun , Ma Xiaoyi , Ge Congwu , Jiang Youyu , Qin Fei , Xiong Sixing , Jiang Fangyuan , Hu Bin , Gao Xike , Yi Yuanping , Zhou Yinhua
Published: September 2017

This study reports an effective amidine‐type n‐dopant of 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) that can universally dope electron acceptors, including PC61BM, N2200, and ITIC, by mixing the dopant with the acceptors in organic solvents or exposing the acceptor films in the dopant vapor. The doping mechanism is due to its strong electron‐donating property that is also confirmed via the chemical reduction of PEDOT:PSS (yielding color change). The DBU doping considerably increases the electrical conductivity and shifts the Fermi levels up of the PC61BM films. When the DBU‐doped PC61BM is used as an electron‐transporting layer in perovskite solar cells, the n‐doping removes the “S‐shape” of J–V characteristics, which leads to the fill factor enhancement from 0.54 to 0.76. Furthermore, the DBU doping can effectively lower the threshold voltage and enhance the electron mobility of PC61BM‐based n‐channel field‐effect transistors. These results show that the DBU can be a promising n‐dopant for solution‐processed electronics.