bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STAKEHOLDERS' PERCEPTION OF THE IMPACTS AND RECOVERY STRATEGIES TO APPLY IN THE FACE OF A SEVERE TOURISM CRISIS: THE CASE OF COVID-19 IN SPAIN
Authors: Ortega Palomo Germán , Navarro Jurado Enrique , Cerezo Medina Alfonso
Published: December 2022

This research begins with the possibility of taking advantage of a very unusual situation, such as the first days of a dramatic pandemic with a significant impact on tourism activity, to obtain relevant information on stakeholder perceptions at that precise moment. The aim is to capture the different perceptions on the effects and possible recovery strategies for destinations, which could condition the touristic make-decision process for its design. For this, 285 professionals in the Spanish tourism sector were surveyed between 03/27/2020 and 04/30/2020. A review of other exogenous touristic crises has been done to define this survey process, identifying the primary variables, dimensions and consequences, and the recovery strategies applied. The results permit identifying preferences of the sector in an extreme crisis and identifying differences between different stakeholder types. This research offers a substantial amount of relevant information which can be very useful to compare with future research after recovery and to be able to conclude this kind of rush and uncertain decision-making processes with a view to a more efficient early design of recovery strategies against the exogenous crisis.

Esta investigación parte de la posibilidad de aprovechar una situación muy inusual, como son los primeros días de una pandemia dramática con un impacto significativo en la actividad turística, para obtener información relevante sobre las percepciones de los actores en ese preciso momento. El objetivo es captar las diferentes percepciones sobre los efectos y posibles estrategias de recuperación de los destinos, que podrían condicionar la toma de decisiones turísticas para su diseño. Para ello se encuestó a 285 profesionales del sector turístico español entre el 27/03/2020 y el 30/04/2020. Para definir este proceso de encuesta se ha realizado una revisión de otras crisis turísticas exógenas, identificando las principales variables, dimensiones y consecuencias, y las estrategias de recuperación aplicadas. Los resultados permiten identificar las preferencias del sector en una crisis extrema e identificar diferencias entre distintos tipos de actores. Esta investigación ofrece una cantidad sustancial de información relevante que puede ser muy útil para comparar con futuras investigaciones posteriores a la recuperación y poder concluir este tipo de procesos de toma de decisiones apresurados e inciertos con miras a un diseño temprano más eficiente de estrategias de recuperación frente a La crisis exógena.
Automating the Assembly Process of Passenger Car Gearboxes
Authors: Filatov Vladimir
Published: December 2022

Aims: The study aims to identify ways and potential solutions to automate the assembly and production process for passenger car gearboxes.

Object of Research: Assembly and production process for car gearboxes.

Subject of Research: Modern and evolutionary automation tools that have the potential to be implemented in the assembly processes of automotive transmission controls.

Methodology: To achieve this goal, as part of this study, it is planned to apply methods of bibliometric analysis of leading scientometric databases to obtain correlation relationships and analytical conclusions regarding the vector of development of automation means of passenger car gearbox assembly process.

Results: As a result of the research by means of scientometric analysis and correlation the vector of probabilistic technical solutions of integration and development of automation means of the sequence of production operations during the assembly of the transmission, as well as adaptive framework-design solutions for the implementation of tools of the fourth iteration of industrial-industrial progress in the production processes of assembly of the studied technical control means and logical-technological connection of the elements of the transmission system, which affect the overall process of automotive manufacturization.

Conclusion: The passenger car gearbox is a multi-component, complex system whose assembly is a complex multi-operational process, and given the high responsibility of this machine element, there is an urgent need to introduce modern automation tools into the assembly and production processes, which will significantly optimize global automatofactoring. The practical results of the present study consist in the formation of a focus scientometric database of profile data, identification of a potential vector of development of means and systems of automation of assembly-production operations, identification and formation of solutions for the implementation of modern means of automated production in the actual global automotive manufacturing, which allows to get the optimum ratio of production costs/quality of products by improving the manufacturability, productivity and flexibility of processes of assembly of multi-element and multi-component automotive systems and structures.
Geographical and Urban-Rural Disparities in Cardiac Rehabilitation Eligibility and Center-Based Use in the US
Authors: Van Iterson Erik H. , Laffin Luke J. , Bruemmer Dennis , Cho Leslie
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study analyzes county-level eligibility, participation, adherence, and completion rates for cardiac rehabilitation services among Medicare beneficiaries.
Heterogeneity of Circulating Epithelial Cells in Breast Cancer at Single‐Cell Resolution: Identifying Tumor and Hybrid Cells
Authors: Menyailo Maxim E. , Zainullina Viktoria R. , Khozyainova Anna A. , Tashireva Liubov A. , Zolotareva Sofia Yu. , Gerashchenko Tatiana S. , Alifanov Vladimir V. , Savelieva Olga E. , Grigoryeva Evgeniya S. , Tarabanovskaya Nataliya A. , Popova Nataliya O. , Choinzonov Evgeny L. , Cherdyntseva Nadezhda V. , Perelmuter Vladimir M. , Denisov Evgeny V.
Published: November 2022

Circulating tumor cells and hybrid cells formed by the fusion of tumor cells with normal cells are leading players in metastasis and have prognostic relevance. This study applies single‐cell RNA sequencing to profile CD45‐negative and CD45‐positive circulating epithelial cells (CECs) in nonmetastatic breast cancer patients. CECs are represented by transcriptionally‐distinct populations that include both aneuploid and diploid cells. CD45− CECs are predominantly aneuploid, but one population contained more diploid than aneuploid cells. CD45+ CECs mostly diploid: only two populations have aneuploid cells. Diploid CD45+ CECs annotated as different immune cells, surprisingly harbored many copy number aberrations, and positively correlated to tumor grade. It is noteworthy that cancer‐associated signaling pathways areabundant only in one aneuploid CD45− CEC population, which may represent an aggressive subset of circulating tumor cells. Thus, CD45− and CD45+ CECs are highly heterogeneous in breast cancer patients and include aneuploid cells, which are most likely circulating tumor and hybrid cells, respectively, and diploid cells. DNA ploidy analysis can be an effective instrument for identifying tumor and hybrid cells among CECs. Further follow‐up study is needed to determine which subsets of circulating tumor and hybrid cells contribute to breast cancer metastasis.
A Self‐Assembled Vertical‐Gradient and Well‐Dispersed MXene Structure for Flexible Large‐Area Perovskite Modules
Authors: Zhang Ruijia , Huang Zengqi , Chen Weipeng , Lyu Benzheng , Zhang Hong , He Xinjun , Hu Xiaotian , Song Yanlin , Choy Wallace C. H.
Published: November 2022

Advancing hole transport layers (HTL) to realize large‐area, flexible, and high‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is one of the most challenging issues for its commercialization. Here, a self‐assembled gradient Ti3C2Tx MXene incorporated PEDOT:PSS HTL is demonstrated to achieve high‐performance large‐area PSCs by establishing half‐caramelization‐based glucose‐induced MXene redistribution. Through this process, the Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets are spontaneously dispersed and redistributed at the top region of HTL to form the unique gradient distribution structure composed of MXene:Glucose:PEDOT:PSS (MG‐PEDOT). These results show that the MG‐PEDOT HTL not only offers favorable energy level alignment and efficient charge extraction, but also improves the film quality of perovskite layer featuring enlarged grain size, lower trap density, and longer carrier lifetime. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the flexible device based on MG‐PEDOT HTL is increased by 36% compared to that of pristine PEDOT:PSS HTL. Meanwhile, the flexible perovskite solar minimodule (15 cm2 area) using MG‐PEDOT HTL achieve a PCE of 17.06%. The encapsulated modules show remarkable long‐term storage stability at 85 °C in ambient air (≈90% efficiency retention after 1200 h) and enhanced operational lifetime (≈90% efficiency retention after 200 h). This new approach shows a promising future of the self‐assembled HTLs for developing optoelectronic devices.
Bottom‐Up Designed Porous Coaxial Twin‐Electrodes for Efficient Redox Cycling
Authors: Šafarik Tatjana , Karajić Aleksandar , Reculusa Stéphane , Bartlett Philip N. , Mano Nicolas , Kuhn Alexander
Published: November 2022

Redox cycling (RC) is a powerful tool capable of amplifying faradaic currents in electroanalytical measurements, thus allowing an enhancement of sensitivity through fast multiple sequential oxidation and reduction reactions of a redox‐active analyte. Present state‐of‐the‐art RC devices are mostly based on planar electrode geometries either in 2D or 3D configurations, requiring cleanroom facilities and expensive microfabrication techniques. Here, the electrochemical elaboration and characterization of a 3D coaxial macroporous twin‐electrode is reported, obtained by following a low‐cost bottom‐up approach. A nanoengineered highly organized porous material is the basis for the design of two threaded cylindrical porous gold microelectrodes with a gap in the micrometer range that can be fine‐tuned. The potentials of the outer and inner electrodes are biased at values above and below the redox potential of the analyte so that a given molecule can participate several times in the electron exchange reaction by shuttling between both electrodes. The resulting signal amplification, combined with a straightforward synthesis strategy of the electrode architecture, allows envisioning numerous (bio)electroanalytical applications.
Bacteria‐Responsive Self‐Assembly of Antimicrobial Peptide Nanonets for Trap‐and‐Kill of Antibiotic‐Resistant Strains
Authors: Tram Nhan Dai Thien , Xu Jian , Mukherjee Devika , Obanel Antonio Eduardo , Mayandi Venkatesh , Selvarajan Vanitha , Zhu Xiao , Teo Jeanette , Barathi Veluchamy Amutha , Lakshminarayanan Rajamani , Ee Pui Lai Rachel
Published: November 2022

Bacterial trapping using nanonets is a ubiquitous immune defense mechanism against infectious microbes. These nanonets can entrap microbial cells, effectively arresting their dissemination and rendering them more vulnerable to locally secreted microbicides. Inspired by this evolutionarily conserved anti‐infective strategy, a series of 15 to 16 residue‐long synthetic β‐hairpin peptides is herein constructed with the ability to self‐assemble into nanonets in response to the presence of bacteria, enabling spatiotemporal control over microbial killing. Using amyloid‐specific K114 assay and confocal microscopy, the membrane components lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide are shown to play a major role in determining the amyloid‐nucleating capacity as triggered by Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria respectively. These nanonets displayed both trapping and killing functionalities, hence offering a direct improvement from the trap‐only biomimetics in literature. By substituting a single turn residue of the non‐amyloidogenic BTT1 peptide, the nanonet‐forming BTT1‐3A analog is produced with comparable antimicrobial potency. With the same sequence manipulation approach, BTT2‐4A analog modified from BTT2 peptide showed improved antimicrobial potency against colistin‐resistant clinical isolates. The peptide nanonets also demonstrated robust stability against proteolytic degradation, and promising in vivo efficacy and biosafety profile. Overall, these bacteria‐responsive peptide nanonets are promising clinical anti‐infective alternatives for circumventing antibiotic resistance.
Ultra‐Thin Single‐Particle‐Layer Sodium Beta‐Alumina‐Based Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Sodium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Fang Ruyi , Li Yutao , Wu Nan , Xu Biyi , Liu Yijie , Manthiram Arumugam , Goodenough John B.
Published: November 2022

Inorganic/organic composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) with good flexibility and electrode contact have been pursued for solid−state sodium‐metal batteries. However, the application of CPEs for high energy density solid−state sodium‐metal batteries is still limited by the low Na+ conductivity, large thickness, and low ion transference number. Herein, an ultra‐thin single‐particle‐layer (UTSPL) composite polymer electrolyte membrane with a thickness of ≈20 µm straddled by a sodium beta−alumina ceramic electrolyte (SBACE) is presented. A ceramic Na+‐ion electrolyte that bridges or percolates across an ultra‐thin and flexible polymer membrane provides: 1) the strength and flexibility from the polymer membrane, 2) excellent electrolyte/electrode interfacial contact, and 3) a percolation path for Na+‐ion transfer. Owing to this novel design, the obtained UTSPL‐35SBACE membrane exhibits a high Na+‐ion conductivity of 0.19 mS cm−1 and a transference number of 0.91 at room temperature, contributing to long−term cycling stability of symmetric sodium cells with a small overpotential. The assembled quasi‐solid‐state cell with the as−prepared UTSPL‐35SBACE membrane displays superior cycling performance with a discharge capacity of 105 mAh g−1 at 0.5 °C rate after 100 cycles and excellent rate performance (82 mAh g−1 at 5 °C rate) at room temperature with the potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate (KMHCF)@CNTs/CNFs cathode, where KMHCF refers to potassium manganese hexacyanoferrate.
New Phthalic Anhydride‐Based Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Emitter with Lifetime Longer Than One Second
Authors: Yin Zheng , Sun Qi , Chen Liangliang , Du Mingxu , Huang Yan‐Ying , Peng Qian , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing
Published: November 2022

Organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their potential applications. However, the development of organic RTP emitters with a long lifetime and high quantum yield remains a great challenge owing to the weak molecular spin–orbit coupling and high sensitivity to oxygen. In this paper, a new purely organic RTP emitter, 3,3″,4,4″‐diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (DPS), is reported which shows an excitingly ultralong lifetime up to 1.08 s and high phosphorescence quantum yield of 8%. When anhydride units in DPS are transformed into imides, the RTP performance in terms of lifetime and quantum yield is decreased. The presence of multiple intermolecular interactions is favorable for the restriction of nonradiative decay and the promotion of spin–orbit coupling, which is further corroborated by theoretical calculations. The studies demonstrate that DPS is a promising structural motif for developing high‐performance organic RTP emitters.
Transient Response Mismatch: A Limiting Factor of Perovskite Photodetectors
Authors: Ai Zhenhai , Ma Tianshu , An Yidan , Wang Changlei , Cao Guoyang , Ma Dong , Li Xiaofeng
Published: November 2022

Due to the excellent optoelectronic performance, perovskite photodetectors (PDs) have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. However, the response speed of such a device is still relatively low. To overcome this defect, the intrinsic mechanisms within the perovskite PDs have to be uncovered. Here a comprehensive optoelectronic simulation is implemented to examine the transient response of the perovskite PDs, where the dynamics of both carriers (electrons/hoes) and ions (anions/cations) are taken into account. The unmatched temporal responses between the photogenerated electrons and holes are found to severely limit the overall response speed. Unfortunately, solely manipulating the perovskite parameters (e.g., thickness, doping concentration, and ion migration) cannot effectively suppress such a detrimental effect. Further study indicates that the mismatch in temporal response originates from the different electrical properties of the opposite charge transport layers, and can only be alleviated by balancing the corresponding carrier extraction capabilities. A roadmap for improving the response speed of the perovskite PDs is finally proposed, which shows the greatly shortened response time from 118.21 to 7.45 ns.
Axial N Ligand‐Modulated Ultrahigh Activity and Selectivity Hyperoxide Activation over Single‐Atoms Nanozymes
Authors: Zhang Han‐Chao , Cui Pei‐Xin , Xie Dong‐Hua , Wang Yu‐Jun , Wang Peng , Sheng Guo‐Ping
Published: November 2022

Learning and studying the structure–activity relationship in the bio‐enzymes is conducive to the design of nanozymes for energy and environmental application. Herein, Fe single‐atom nanozymes (Fe‐SANs) with Fe–N5 site, inspired by the structure of cytochromes P450 (CYPs), are developed and characterized. Similar to the CYPs, the hyperoxide can activate the Fe(III) center of Fe‐SANs to generate Fe(IV)O intermediately, which can transfer oxygen to the substrate with ultrafast speed. Particularly, using the peroxymonosulfate (PMS)‐activated Fe‐SANs to oxidize sulfamethoxazole, a typical antibiotic contaminant, as the model hyperoxides activation reaction, the excellent activity within 284 min−1 g−1(catalyst) mmol−1(PMS) oxidation rate and 91.6% selectivity to the Fe(IV)O intermediate oxidation are demonstrated. More importantly, instead of promoting PMS adsorption, the axial N ligand modulates the electron structure of FeN5 SANs for the lower reaction energy barrier and promotes electron transfer to PMS to produce Fe(IV)O intermediate with high selectivity. The highlight of the axial N coordination in the nanozymes in this work provides deep insight to guide the design and development of nanozymes nearly to the bio‐enzyme with excellent activity and selectivity.
Superimposed mosaicism in cutaneous sarcoidosis: A hypothesis
Authors: Happle Rudolf , Wetzke Martin
Published: November 2022

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder affecting the lungs, skin, and many other organs. Twin studies suggest that genetic factors account, to a large degree, for the etiology of the disorder. Hence, theoretically, we could postulate that the phenomenon of superimposed mosaicism in the form of a pronounced segmental involvement, overlaying the disseminated non‐segmental lesions, should also occur in sarcoidosis. Indeed, one case suggesting superimposed mosaicism in cutaneous sarcoidosis was found in the literature and is reassessed here.
The impact of vitamin D deficiency on cortical bone area and porosity at the femoral midsection in children from post‐medieval London
Authors: Swan Karen R. , Humphrey Louise T. , Ives Rachel
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Cortical bone structure undergoes dynamic changes during appositional growth and is highly sensitive to mechanical, hormonal, and nutritional influences. Vitamin D deficiency rickets can significantly disrupt the normal mineralization of newly formed bone leading to compromised bone structure. Here, we document ontogenetic trends in femoral cortical bone area and porosity during early growth and examine how vitamin D deficiency during childhood may impact these parameters in a sample of children from post‐medieval London, UK.

Materials and Methods

Micro‐CT scans of the femur were collected from a documented sample of 138 children aged from birth to 8.5 years who were grouped by the presence and stage of rickets. Cross‐sections were extracted at the midsection and area and porosity measurements recorded. A local regression (LOESS) was used to fit curves to the dataset of children without rickets, which were used as comparative baselines for children with active and healed rickets.

Results

Cortical bone porosity was elevated in all children with active rickets most likely reflecting delayed mineralization of osteoid and increased resorption due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Total subperiosteal area and cortical bone area were higher in children with healed rickets than children without rickets reflecting the mineralization of osteoid following recovery from the deficiency.

Discussion

The results demonstrate marked differences in cortical bone structure in children with rickets, which vary according to age and disease stage. This study illustrates the complex interaction between metabolic bone diseases and bone formation and the importance of considering ontogenetic changes in bone structure in the study of disease during childhood.
Design of a Fully Non‐Fused Bulk Heterojunction toward Efficient and Low‐Cost Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Ma Lijiao , Zhang Shaoqing , Ren Junzhen , Wang Guanlin , Li Jiayao , Chen Zhihao , Yao Huifeng , Hou Jianhui
Published: November 2022

To modulate the miscibility between donor and acceptor materials both possessing fully non‐fused ring structures, a series of electron acceptors (A4T‐16, A4T‐31 and A4T‐32) with different polar functional substituents were synthesized and investigated. The three acceptors show good planarity, high conformational stability, complementary absorption and energy levels with the non‐fused polymer donor (PTVT‐BT). Among them, A4T‐32 possesses the strongest polar functional group and shows the highest surface energy, which facilitates morphological modulation in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend. Benefiting from the proper morphology control method, an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of approaching 16.0 % and a superior fill factor over 0.795 are achieved in the PTVT‐BT : A4T‐32‐based organic photovoltaic cells with superior photoactive materials price advantage, which represent the highest value for the cells based on the non‐fused blend films. Notably, this cell maintains ≈84 % of its initial PCE after nearly 2000 h under the continuous simulated 1‐sun‐illumination. In addition, the flexible PTVT‐BT : A4T‐32‐based cells were fabricated and delivered a decent PCE of 14.6 %. This work provides an effective molecular design strategy for the non‐fused non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) from the aspect of bulk morphology control in fully non‐fused BHJ layers, which is crucial for their practical applications.
Blending to Make Nonhealable Polymers Healable: Nanophase Separation Observed by CP/MAS 13C NMR Analysis
Authors: Fujisawa Yuta , Nan Yiling , Asano Atsushi , Yanagisawa Yu , Yano Keiichi , Itoh Yoshimitsu , Aida Takuzo
Published: November 2022

Can commodity polymers are made to be healable just by blending with self‐healable polymers? Here we report the first study on the fundamental aspect of this practically challenging issue. Poly(ether thiourea) (PTUEG3; Tg=27 °C) reported in 2018 is extraordinary in that it is mechanically robust but can self‐heal even at 12 °C. In contrast, poly(octamethylene thiourea) (PTUC8; Tg=50 °C), an analogue of PTUEG3, cannot heal below 92 °C. We found that their polymer blend self‐healed in a temperature range above 32 °C even when its PTUEG3 content was only 20 mol %. Unlike PTUEG3 alone, this polymer blend, upon exposure to high humidity, barely plasticized, keeping its excellent mechanical properties due to the non‐hygroscopic nature of the PTUC8 component. CP/MAS 13C NMR analysis revealed that the polymer blend was nanophase‐separated, which possibly accounts for why such a small amount of PTUEG3 provided the polymer blend with humidity‐tolerant self‐healable properties.
A Synthesis of Alstonlarsine A via Alstolucines B and F Demonstrates the Chemical Feasibility of a Proposed Biogenesis
Authors: Barnes Griffin L. , Hong Allen Y. , Vanderwal Christopher D.
Published: November 2022

We offer a new biogenetic proposal for the origin of the complex alkaloid alstonlarsine A, through rearrangement of the Strychnos alkaloids alstolucines B and F. Further, we provide evidence of the chemical feasibility of this proposal in the facile conversion of synthetic alstolucines into alstonlarsine A through a short, efficient sequence of N‐methylation, β‐elimination, and a cascade 1,7‐hydride shift/Mannich cyclization. We believe that this is the first biogenetic proposal involving the “tert‐amino effect”, a hydride‐shift‐based internal redox trigger of a Mannich cyclization. A further interesting feature of the cascade is that its stereochemical outcome most likely originates in conformational preferences during the hydride shift.
Multifunctional Helicene‐Based Ytterbium Coordination Polymer Displaying Circularly Polarized Luminescence, Slow Magnetic Relaxation and Room Temperature Magneto‐Chiral Dichroism**
Authors: Dhbaibi Kais , Grasser Maxime , Douib Haiet , Dorcet Vincent , Cador Olivier , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Riobé François , Maury Olivier , Guy Stéphan , Bensalah‐Ledoux Amina , Baguenard Bruno , Rikken Geert L. J. A. , Train Cyrille , Le Guennic Boris , Atzori Matteo , Pointillart Fabrice , Crassous Jeanne
Published: November 2022

The combination of physical properties sensitive to molecular chirality in a single system allows the observation of fascinating phenomena such as magneto‐chiral dichroism (MChD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) having potential applications for optical data readout and display technology. Homochiral monodimensional coordination polymers of YbIIIwere designed from a 2,15‐bis‐ethynyl‐hexahelicenic scaffold decorated with two terminal 4‐pyridyl units. Thanks to the coordination of the chiral organic chromophore to Yb(hfac)3units (hfac−=1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoroacetylaconate), efficient NIR‐CPL activity is observed. Moreover, the specific crystal field around the YbIIIinduces a strong magnetic anisotropy which leads to a single‐molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour and a remarkable room temperature MChD. The MChD‐structural correlation is supported by computational investigations.
The Eschenmoser's Salt as a Formylation Agent for the Synthesis of Indolizinecarbaldehydes and Their Use for Colorimetric Nitrite Detection
Authors: Antón‐Cánovas Teresa , Alonso Francisco
Published: November 2022

C−H bond formylation is the most immediate way to incorporate the versatile formyl group into (hetero)aromatics. However, the type of reagents and severe conditions involved in the classical formylation methods often curtail their application, especially in the presence of other functional groups. Herein, we present the Eschenmoser's salt, a commercially available (dimethylamino)methylating chemical, as a useful reagent for the C−H formylation of indolizines and other compounds. The method is straightforward and mild, furnishing indolizinecarbaldehydes in modest‐to‐good yields with exclusive and remote regioselectivity. Furthermore, these compounds can be easily transformed into push‐pull dyes and are highly selective in the colorimetric detection of nitrite, a substance extensively employed as preservative in the food industry, the concentration of which is crucial to control to prevent harmful effects in living organisms. The assay is simple, allowing the naked‐eye detection of nitrite in solution or on a cotton swab for a wide range of concentrations.
Strong Anchoring of Hydrogels through Superwetting‐Assisted High‐Density Interfacial Grafting
Authors: Hao Dezhao , Wang Zhao , Liu Mingjie , Guo Xinglin , Wang Shutao , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2022

Strong adhesion of hydrogels on solids plays an important role in stable working for various practical applications. However, current hydrogel adhesion suffers from poor interfacial bonding with solid surfaces. Here, we propose a general superwetting‐assisted interfacial polymerization (SAIP) strategy to robustly anchor hydrogels onto solids by forming high‐density interfacial covalent bonds. The key of our strategy is to make the initiator fully contact solid surfaces via a superwetting way for enhancing the interfacial grafting efficiency. The designed anchored hydrogels show strong bulk failure with a high breaking strength of ≈1.37 MPa, different from weak interfacial failure that occurs in traditional strategies. The strong interfacial adhesion greatly enhances the stability of hydrogels against swelling destruction. This work opens up new inspirations for designing strongly anchored hydrogels from an interfacial chemistry perspective.
Electrochemically‐Switched 2nd Order Non‐Linear Optical Response in an Arylimido‐Polyoxometalate with High Contrast and Cyclability
Authors: Hood Bethany R. , de Coene Yovan , Torre Do Vale Froes Afonso V. , Jones Claire F. , Beaujean Pierre , Liégeois Vincent , MacMillan Fraser , Champagne Benoît , Clays Koen , Fielden John
Published: November 2022

Electrochemically switched 2nd order non‐linear optical responses have been demonstrated for the first time in polyoxometalates (POMs), with an arylimido‐derivative showing a leading combination of high on/off contrast (94 %), high visible transparency, and cyclability. Spectro‐electrochemical and TD‐DFT studies indicate that the switch‐off results from weakened charge transfer (CT) character of the electronic transitions in the reduced state. This represents the first study of an imido‐POM reduced state, and demonstrates the potential of POM hybrids as electrochemically activated molecular switches.
Design and preparation of durable anti‐icing polysilazane coatings with abrasion and UV resistance
Authors: Kuang Jian , An Xiaowei , Huang Congshu , Chen Hongfei , Wei Chunyang
Published: November 2022

This work developed a method to enhance the durability of anti‐icing performance of a coating to endure abrasion and UV exposure, through grafting functional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to TiO2 particles and further reacting with polysilazane (PSZ) pre‐polymer. This method remarkably improved the anti‐icing properties of PSZ‐based coatings evaluated by freezing delay time and ice removal shear strength. After either surface abrasion for 50 cycles or UV exposure for 100 h, the modified coatings exhibited ice shear strength increase by only 10.44 and 6.44 kPa respectively, significantly lower comparing to that of the coatings containing 30% TiO2 with no PDMS modification (29.69 and 11.88 kPa, respectively). Such strengthened durability of anti‐icing performance is attributed to the PDMS molecules bridging PSZ rigid segments and TiO2 compositions, which formed a hydrophobic cross‐linking network structure. The durable anti‐icing technique developed herein shall appeal to many outdoor applications of facilities and infrastructures.
Synergistic effects of silicon based material with intumescent flame retardant in thermoplastic polyurethane: Pre‐polymerization and dynamic vulcanization based facile approach
Authors: Cui Yongyin , Pan Hongwei , Xu Zhengshuai , Li Yongxu , Cao Lan
Published: November 2022

A flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was prepared using the silicon based (Si)‐intumescent (IFR) synergistic flame‐retardant system, which combined the advantages of additive and reactive types. Silicone rubber was introduced into the matrix of hydroxybutanyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) block TPU via dynamic vulcanization, which enabled the combination of silicon based material and TPU. Then, the IFR system was used to supplement the defects of single Si based flame retardancy, which realized the synergistic flame retardancy of Si‐IFR. Under the Si‐IFR system, when IFR uses 15%, the TPU reached the V‐0 flame retardant level and the limiting oxygen index was 29.6. Moreover, the toughness of the Si‐IFR flame‐retardant TPU was better than PDMS block TPU. The silicon based material improved the matrix and cooperated with IFR to form a composite carbon layer, which protected the inner material, enhanced the strength of the carbon layer and eliminated dropping.
Preparation and properties of expandable epoxy foam prepreg for sandwich composites prepared via thermal expansion molding process
Authors: Min Wei , Qi Liangliang , Zhao Xinxing , Xiao Jie , Wan YuJia , Yu Muhuo , Sun Zeyu
Published: November 2022

Thermal expansion molding process (TEMP) is a new technology for integrated molding sandwich composites. However, the development of high‐performance expandable foam prepreg limits the scale applications of this technology. In this study, epoxy foam prepreg (M‐1) with expandable function was used to prepare foams with different expansion ratios via restricted foaming. Three suitable expansion ratios were determined to prepare foam sandwich composites by analyzing the density, bubble sizes, compressive strength, and expansion pressures of expandable foam. The maximum expansion pressure produced by four, six, and eight times of foam expansion were 251, 160, and 115 kPa, respectively. Tensile test and digital imaging computer technology confirmed that with the increase of foam expansion ratio, the strength decreased, but the plastic deformation ability increased. Failure modes such as foam matrix fracture, glass fiber mat fracture, and mutual‐slipping between the foam matrix and glass fiber mat occur during the stretching process. Finally, the PMI/M‐1 foam hybrid sandwich composites with three structures were prepared via the TEMP technology, which verified the feasibility of this technology in forming sandwich composites.
Anatomy in the daily practice of the gynecologist, essential or just window dressing?
Authors: Koppes Dorothea M. , Vesseur Maud A. M. , Schepens‐Franke Annelieke N. , Kruitwagen Rutgerus F. P. M. , Notten Kim J. B. , Scheele Fedde
Published: November 2022

Traditionally, anatomy was one of the basic pillars of medical training. However, due to the expansion of medical science and medical knowledge in general, anatomy teaching has steadily declined and the way anatomy is taught has changed. These changes go hand in hand with growing literature about a perceived and proven lack of anatomical knowledge. While anatomy is important for all doctors, these developments seem to be more worrying for surgical residents. At the same time, little is known about how clinicians use anatomy in daily practice. The primary aim of this study was to increase understanding of the role of anatomy in the daily practice of gynecologists. An explorative qualitative study was performed to answer the question “What is the tangible utility of solid anatomical knowledge in the daily practice of the gynecologist”? Semi‐structured interviews with gynecologists and obstetrics and gynecology (ObGyn) residents from Belgium and the Netherlands were held and the responses were analyzed using a phenomenographic inductive coding approach. Anatomical knowledge was important and used for technical skills and non‐technical achievements in the daily practice of gynecologists, and three themes were distinguished. Specifically, anatomical knowledge was important and used (1) for daily activities, (2) for the feeling of self‐efficacy, and (3) to gain a respected name as a doctor. These findings are discussed in light of (perceived) insufficient anatomical knowledge, and recommendations are made for the postgraduate education of ObGyn doctors.
Olfactory–gustatory simultaneity judgments: A preliminary study on the congruency‐dependent temporal window of multisensory binding
Authors: Gotow Naomi , Kobayakawa Tatsu
Published: November 2022

Background

A greater congruency of audio and video expands the temporal binding window (TBW). A similar phenomenon may occur with a combination of odor and taste, which are the main components of flavor.

Objective

TBW is defined as the temporal resolution of synchrony perception. The larger the TBW, the lower the resolution. We hypothesized that the more congruent the odor and taste, the lower the temporal resolution of synchrony perception.

Methods

To examine this hypothesis, 10 female participants performed simultaneity judgment (SJ) tasks under congruent (soy sauce odor with saline) and incongruent (cherry tree leaf odor with saline) conditions and evaluated the congruency with saltiness for the two odors. In the SJ tasks, participants reported whether odor and taste were presented simultaneously or successively. We assumed a Gaussian distribution for the temporal distributions of the simultaneous response rates and calculated the approximations. In addition, we computed the half width at half height (HWHH) as an index of TBW based on the coefficient of approximation for the temporal distribution of the simultaneous response rates.

Results

HWHH was significantly larger under congruent condition than under incongruent condition. In addition, congruency with saltiness had a significant moderate positive correlation with HWHH.

Conclusion

The larger the HWHH, the lower the temporal resolution of synchrony perception, supporting the hypothesis. This study suggests that the width of TBW depends on the cross‐modal congruency similar to the case for audio–visual SJs. However, methodological improvements, including a larger sample size and gender‐independent recruitment of participants, are essential to enhance the reliability of the findings because some of the results did not provide sufficient ESs or power.
Anatomic misconceptions regarding the agger nasi cell: A preliminary analysis utilizing endoscopic anatomic dissection and three‐dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Bolger William E. , Ishii Masaru
Published: November 2022

The agger nasi cell is a key anatomic landmark in endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. However, discord amongst authors regarding anatomic definition and prevalence raises questions of its suitability as a surgical landmark. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the agger nasi cell using radiographic imaging correlated with endoscopic anatomic dissection to consider the cell's role as a surgical landmark and to explore if three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) technology can provide enhanced insight into this anatomy. CT scans of 11 cadaveric sinonasal complexes were studied using triplanar CT or 3D‐CT scanning with stereoscopic 3D imaging. Endoscopic dissections were performed and video recorded. Attention was given to identify agger nasi pneumatization and its origin. Pneumatization of the agger nasi region was noted in 4/11 cases (36.4%) (in two cases the pneumatization arose from the frontal recess, in two from a true agger nasi cell). The agger nasi region appeared as solid unpneumatized bone in 4/11 cases (36.4%). In 3/11 cases (27.3%) limited pneumatization was noted, bordering on but not pneumatizing the agger nasi proper. It may be confusing for otolaryngologic surgeons in training to rely on the “agger nasi cell” as a surgical landmark due to misconceptions regarding the anatomy, prevalence and anatomic definitions. Using standard CT scans to teach anatomy may have shortcomings as compared to the gold standard of surgical dissection. However, new 3D‐CT holds promise to more accurately reflect small microanatomic features and provide an improved road map of a patient's anatomy in surgery.
The anatomy of the uterine artery: A meta‐analysis with implications for gynecological procedures
Authors: Ostrowski Patryk , Bonczar Michał , Michalczak Mateusz , Gabryszuk Kamil , Bereza Tomasz , Iwanaga Joe , Zarzecki Michał , Sporek Mateusz , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz
Published: November 2022

The uterine artery (UA) is an arterial branch of the internal iliac artery in women, usually arising from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. However, due to the high variability in the anatomy of the UA, embolization of this vessel may be challenging. Therefore, the objective of this meta‐analysis was to provide physicians with transparent data on the anatomy of the UA, using the available data in the literature. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to find all the relevant studies regarding the UA. A total of 16 articles met the required criteria. The UA was found to originate most frequently from the internal iliac artery as the pooled prevalence was set to be 61.72% (95% CI: 41.31%–80.31%). A pooled prevalence of the UA originating from the umbilical artery was established at 13.93% (95% CI: 2.76%–30.44%). A pooled prevalence of the UA originating from the inferior gluteal artery was set to be 5.22% (95% CI: 0.00%–15.44%). In conclusion, we believe that this is the most accurate and up‐to‐date study regarding the highly variable anatomy of the UA. The UA originates most frequently from the internal iliac artery (61.72%), however, other origins, such as from the umbilical artery (13.93%) or the inferior gluteal artery (5.22%) may occur. It is hoped that the results of the present meta‐analysis will be a helpful tool for surgeons performing pelvic or gynecological surgeries.
Novel Function of CtXyn5A from Acetivibrio thermocellus: Dual Arabinoxylanase and Feruloyl Esterase Activity in the Same Active Site**
Authors: Schmitz Eva , Leontakianakou Savvina , Adlercreutz Patrick , Nordberg Karlsson Eva , Linares‐Pastén Javier A.
Published: November 2022

Enzymes’ uncharacterised side activities can have significant effects on reaction products and yields. Hence, their identification and characterisation are crucial for the development of successful reaction systems. Here, we report the presence of feruloyl esterase activity in CtXyn5A from Acetivibrio thermocellus, besides its well‐known arabinoxylanase activity, for the first time. Activity analysis of enzyme variants mutated in the catalytic nucleophile, Glu279, confirmed removal of all activity for E279A and E279L, and increased esterase activity while removing xylanase activity for E279S, thus allowing the proposal that both reaction types are catalysed in the same active site in two subsequential steps. The ferulic acid substituent is cleaved off first, followed by hydrolysis of the xylan backbone. The esterase activity on complex carbohydrates was found to be higher than that of a designated ferulic acid esterase (E‐FAERU). Therefore, we conclude that the enzyme exhibits a dual function rather than an esterase side activity.
Methionine sulfoxide suppresses adipogenic differentiation by regulating the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Qin Dani , Lei Yong , Xie Wen , Zheng Qiuju , Peng Zhou , Liu Yiwen , Dai Biao , Ma Tieliang , Wei Ping , Gao Chunlin , Guo Xirong , Gao Jianfang , Zhao Jing , Du Juan , Zeng Qianyi , Zhang Zhongxiao , Dong Xiaohua , Shen Huiping
Published: November 2022

In this study, methionine sulfoxide (MetO) was identified as an active metabolite that suppresses adipogenesis after screening obese individuals versus the normal population. MetO suppressed the gene and protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) during human preadipocyte (HPA) differentiation. Adipogenesis decreased following MetO treatment; however, the preadipocyte number, proliferation, and apoptosis were unaffected. The activity of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐related kinase (P‐ERK) of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was significantly inhibited in HPA after MetO treatment. Furthermore, treatment of preadipocytes with the selective P‐ERK1/2 agonist Ro 67‐7476 abolished the effect of MetO against adipogenesis suggesting that MetO function is dependent on the MAPK pathway. The mechanistic insights of adipogenesis suppression by MetO presented in this study shows its potential as an antiobesity drug.
Mechanical thrombectomy versus catheter directed thrombolysis in patients with pulmonary embolism: A multicenter experience
Authors: Inci Errol K. , Khandhar Sameer , Toma Catalin , Licitra Giancarlo , Brown Matthew J. , Herzig Matthew , Matthai William , Palevsky Harold , Schwartz Arielle , Wight John A. , McDaniel Michael , Kumar Gautam , Devireddy Chandan , Baumgartner Scott , Bashline Michael , Jaber Wissam A.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Compare in‐hospital outcomes of patients treated with either mechanical thrombectomy (MT) or catheter directed lysis (CDL) in treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods

This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing MT or CDL for acute PE between 2014 and 2021. The primary outcome was the composite of in‐hospital death, significant bleed, vascular complication, or need for mechanical support post‐procedure. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the composite outcome in addition to blood transfusions, invasive hemodynamics, echocardiographic data, and intensive care unit (ICU) utilization.

Results

458 patients were treated for PE with 266 patients in the CDL arm and 192 patients in the MT arm. The primary composite endpoint was not significantly different between the two groups with CDL 12% versus MT 11% (p = 0.5). There was a significant difference in total length of ICU time required with more in the CDL group versus MT (3.8 ± 2.0 vs. 2.8 ± 3.0 days, p = 0.009). All other secondary end points showed no significant difference between the groups.

Conclusions

In patients undergoing catheter directed treatment of PE, there was no difference between MT and CDL in terms of in‐hospital mortality, bleeds, catheter‐related complications, and hemodynamics.
Direct Methanation and Storage Concepts for the Flexibilization of Biogas Plants
Authors: Flach Charley , Conti Fosca , Bayraktar Ahmet , Goldbrunner Markus
Published: November 2022

Enrichment of the methane fraction in a biogas mixture is an innovative possibility to make existing biogas plants more flexible by using excess power. In the described concept, the CO2 in the biogas is directly catalytically converted into CH4 with H2. The CH4‐enriched biogas is again fed into the digester to save energy for later use in the combined heat‐and‐power unit. Additionally, the fed heat gas can mix and heat the substrate. A heat pipe injector system was therefore developed for cooling the hot biogas stream after methanation and to prevent damage to the microbial consortia during the biomass mixing. The concept was proven at a laboratory‐scale biogas plant.
Buried Interface Regulation by Bio‐Functional Molecules for Efficient and Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Pang Xuerui , Huang Jing , Lin Chunxia , Zhang Yingfang , Cheng Nian , Zi Wei , Sun Zhu‐Zhu , Yu Zhen , Zhao Zhiqiang
Published: November 2022

Among the factors that lead to the reduction of the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) the difficulty involved in realizing a high‐quality film and the efficient charge transfer that takes place at the interface between electron‐transport layer (ETL) and perovskite is worth mentioning. Here, a strategy for planar‐type devices by natural bio‐functional interfaces that uses a buried electron‐transport layer made of cobalamin complexed tin oxide (SnO2@B12) is demonstrated. Having systematically investigated the effects of SnO2@B12 interfacial layer in perovskite solar cells, it can be concluded that cobalamin can chemically link the SnO2 layer and the perovskite layer, resulting in improved perovskite film quality and interfacial defect passivation. Utilizing SnO2@B12 improves the efficiency of planar‐type PSCs by 20.60 %. Furthermore, after 250 h of exposure to an ambient atmosphere, unsealed PSCs containing SnO2@B12 degrade by 10 %. This research provides a viable method for developing bio‐functional molecules that will increase the effectiveness and durability of planar‐perovskite solar cells.