bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Posterior Tibial Slope Change on Postoperative Range of Motion and Clinical Outcomes after Posterior Cruciate-Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Lee O-Sung , Lee Jangyun , Lee Myung Chul , Han Hyuk-Soo
Published: May 2021

The posterior tibial slope (PTS) is usually adjusted by less than 5 degrees, without considering its individual difference, during posterior cruciate-substituting (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The effect of these individual changes of PTS would be important because clinical results depending on postoperative PTS were reported conflictingly. We investigated the effect of the change in PTS on the postoperative range of motion (ROM) and clinical scores after PS TKA. We retrospectively reviewed 164 knees from 107 patients who underwent PS TKA with a 2-year follow-up. We analyzed the preoperative and postoperative PTS, ROM, visual analog scale pain scale, Western Ontario and McMaster University Index (WOMAC), Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score, Knee Society Score, and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS). The association of the absolute change in PTS with ROM and clinical scores was analyzed using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. As a result, the mean PTS and mean ROM changed from 9.6 ±  3.4 and 120.1 ±  15.4 degrees preoperatively to 2.0 ±  1.3 and 128.4 ±  9.3 degrees postoperatively, and the mean PTS change was 7.6 ±  3.5 degrees. The PTS change had no statistically significant association with the postoperative ROM and clinical scoring systems, although it did have a weak positive correlation with WOMAC function, No 10 (difficulty in rising from sitting) (correlation coefficient = 0.342, p = 0.041), and moderate positive correlation with the FJS, No. 6 (awareness when climbing stairs) (correlation coefficient = 0.470, p = 0.001). The authors concluded that the amount of change in PTS did not affect the postoperative ROM and clinical scores, although proximal tibial resection with a constant target of PTS resulted in individually different changes in the PTS after PS TKA,
Rise and fall of the global conversation and shifting sentiments during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Xiangliang , Yang Qiang , Albaradei Somayah , Lyu Xiaoting , Alamro Hind , Salhi Adil , Ma Changsheng , Alshehri Manal , Jaber Inji Ibrahim , Tifratene Faroug , Wang Wei , Gojobori Takashi , Duarte Carlos M. , Gao Xin
Published: May 2021

Social media (e.g., Twitter) has been an extremely popular tool for public health surveillance. The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the first pandemic experienced by a world connected through the internet. We analyzed 105+ million tweets collected between March 1 and May 15, 2020, and Weibo messages compiled between January 20 and May 15, 2020, covering six languages (English, Spanish, Arabic, French, Italian, and Chinese) and represented an estimated 2.4 billion citizens worldwide. To examine fine-grained emotions during a pandemic, we built machine learning classification models based on deep learning language models to identify emotions in social media conversations about COVID-19, including positive expressions (optimistic, thankful, andempathetic), negative expressions (pessimistic, anxious, sad, annoyed, anddenial), and a complicated expression,joking, which has not been explored before. Our analysis indicates a rapid increase and a slow decline in the volume of social media conversations regarding the pandemic in all six languages. The upsurge was triggered by a combination of economic collapse and confinement measures across the regions to which all the six languages belonged except for Chinese, where only the latter drove conversations. Tweets in all analyzed languages conveyed remarkably similar emotional states as the epidemic was elevated to pandemic status, including feelings dominated by a mixture ofjokingwithanxious/pessimistic/annoyedas the volume of conversation surged and shifted to a general increase in positive states (optimistic,thankful, andempathetic), the strongest being expressed in Arabic tweets, as the pandemic came under control.
Acoustic labyrinthine porous metamaterials for subwavelength low-frequency sound absorption
Authors: Liu Xuewei , Duan Mingyu , Liu Maolin , Xin Fengxian , Zhang Chuanzeng
Published: May 2021

An acoustic labyrinthine porous metamaterial (ALPM) or the so-called acoustic labyrinthine metaporous surface is designed for the subwavelength sound absorption by perforating folded slits in a porous material matrix. A theoretical model is developed to study the sound absorption of the ALPM by combining the acoustic properties of two components: the porous material matrix and the folded slit configuration. The theoretical model is favorably validated by finite element (FE) simulations and experimental measurements. The proposed ALPM shows an excellent subwavelength low-frequency sound absorption performance: the material thickness is only 1/22 of the sound wavelength in air at the sound absorption peak frequency. The electronic–acoustic analogy method proves that this metamaterial can achieve a perfect impedance match with air at low frequencies. The FE simulations for energy transmission and dissipation reveal its sound absorption mechanisms, showing a frequency-dependent sound transmission path characteristic. Moreover, the influence of the slit folding number on the sound absorption is analyzed and it shows that a longer slit corresponds to a lower-frequency peak. This work is valuable to guide the novel design of acoustic metamaterials for the subwavelength low-frequency sound absorption.
γ-phase inclusions as common structural defects in alloyed β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 and doped β-Ga2O3 films
Authors: Chang Celesta S. , Tanen Nicholas , Protasenko Vladimir , Asel Thaddeus J. , Mou Shin , Xing Huili Grace , Jena Debdeep , Muller David A.
Published: May 2021

β-Ga2O3 is a promising ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor whose properties can be further enhanced by alloying with Al. Here, using atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, we find the thermodynamically unstable γ-phase is a ubiquitous structural defect in both β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films and doped β-Ga2O3 films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. For undoped β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films, we observe γ-phase inclusions between nucleating islands of the β-phase at lower growth temperatures (∼500–600 °C). In doped β-Ga2O3, a thin layer of the γ-phase is observed on the surfaces of films grown with a wide range of n-type dopants and dopant concentrations. The thickness of the γ-phase layer was most strongly correlated with the growth temperature, peaking at about 600 °C. Ga interstitials are observed in the β-phase, especially near the interface with the γ-phase. By imaging the same region of the surface of a Sn-doped β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 after ex situ heating up to 400 °C, a γ-phase region is observed to grow above the initial surface, accompanied by a decrease in Ga interstitials in the β-phase. This suggests that the diffusion of Ga interstitials toward the surface is likely the mechanism for growth of the surface γ-phase and more generally that the more-open γ-phase may offer diffusion pathways to be a kinetically favored and early forming phase in the growth of Ga2O3. However, more modeling and simulation of the γ-phase and the interstitials are needed to understand the energetics and kinetics, the impact on electronic properties, and how to control them.
Amino acid interactions that facilitate enzyme catalysis
Authors: Coulther Timothy A. , Ko Jaeju , Ondrechen Mary Jo
Published: May 2021

Interactions in enzymes between catalytic and neighboring amino acids and how these interactions facilitate catalysis are examined. In examples from both natural and designed enzymes, it is shown that increases in catalytic rates may be achieved through elongation of the buffer range of the catalytic residues; such perturbations in the protonation equilibria are, in turn, achieved through enhanced coupling of the protonation equilibria of the active ionizable residues with those of other ionizable residues. The strongest coupling between protonation states for a pair of residues that deprotonate to form an anion (or a pair that accept a proton to form a cation) is achieved when the difference in the intrinsic pKas of the two residues is approximately within 1 pH unit. Thus, catalytic aspartates and glutamates are often coupled to nearby acidic residues. For an anion-forming residue coupled to a cation-forming residue, the elongated buffer range is achieved when the intrinsic pKa of the anion-forming residue is higher than the intrinsic pKa of the (conjugate acid of the) cation-forming residue. Therefore, the high pKa, anion-forming residues tyrosine and cysteine make good coupling partners for catalytic lysine residues. For the anion–cation pairs, the optimum difference in intrinsic pKas is a function of the energy of interaction between the residues. For the energy of interaction ε expressed in units of (ln 10)RT, the optimum difference in intrinsic pKas is within ∼1 pH unit of ε.
Behavior of S, SO, and SO3 on Pt (001), (011), and (111) surfaces: A DFT study
Authors: Ungerer Marietjie J. , van Sittert Cornelia G. C. E. , de Leeuw Nora H.
Published: May 2021

In the hybrid sulfur (HyS) cycle, the reaction between SO2 and H2O is manipulated to produce hydrogen with water and sulfuric acid as by-products. However, sulfur poisoning of the catalyst has been widely reported to occur in this cycle, which is due to strong chemisorption of sulfur on the metal surface. The catalysts may deactivate as a result of these impurities present in the reactants or incorporated in the catalyst during its preparation and operation of the HyS cycle. Here, we report a density functional theory investigation of the interaction between S, SO, and SO3 with the Pt (001), (011), and (111) surfaces. First, we have investigated the adsorption of single gas phase molecules on the three Pt surfaces. During adsorption, the 4F hollow sites on the (001) and (011) surfaces and the fcc hollow site on the (111) surface were preferred. S adsorption followed the trend of (001)4F > (011)4F > (111)fcc, while SO adsorption showed (001)4F > (011)bridge/4F > (111)fcc and SO3 adsorption was most stable in a S,O,O bound configuration on the (001)4F > (011)4F > (111)fcc sites. The surface coverage was increased on all the surfaces until a monolayer was obtained. The highest surface coverage for S shows the trend (001)S = (111)S > (011)S, and for SO it is (001)SO > (011)SO > (111)SO, similar to SO3 where we found (001)SO3 > (011)SO3 > (111)SO3. These trends indicate that the (001) surface is more susceptible to S species poisoning. It is also evident that both the (001) and (111) surfaces were reactive toward S, leading to the formation of S2. The high coverage of SO3 showed the formation of SO2 and SO4, especially on the (011) surface. The thermodynamics indicated that an increased temperature of up to 2000 K resulted in Pt surfaces fully covered with elemental S. The SO coverage showed θ ≥ 1.00 on both the (001) and (011) surfaces and θ = 0.78 for the (111) surface in the experimental region where the HyS cycle is operated. Lower coverages of SO3 were observed due to the size of the molecule.
Remote growth of oxide heteroepitaxy through MoS2
Authors: Ma Chun-Hao , Lu Li-Syuan , Song Haili , Chen Jhih-Wei , Wu Ping-Chun , Wu Chung-Lin , Huang Rong , Chang Wen-Hao , Chu Ying-Hao
Published: May 2021

Advanced heterostructures composed of various materials can induce new physical properties and phenomena among existing materials, representing the essential foundation for modern electronics. Recently, many works have been carried out with novel heterostructures combining three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) materials; however, there is a lack of promising methods to fabricate 3D/2D heterostructures due to the poor interfacial quality and the incompatibility of fabrication processes. To further study the interaction between 3D and 2D materials, the fabrication of 3D/2D heterostructures with high-quality interfaces should be attempted. Here, we show the possibility of fabricating high-quality oxide remote epitaxies through layered materials for the exploration on new functionalities. Brand new heterostructures including numerous 3D oxides and MoS2 have been demonstrated and investigated. Our study clarifies a remarkable concept to realize precisely controllable 3D/2D/3D heteroepitaxies for the design and development of next-generation smart devices.
Base pair fluctuations in helical models for nucleic acids
Authors: Zoli Marco
Published: May 2021

A statistical method is developed to estimate the maximum amplitude of the base pair fluctuations in a three dimensional mesoscopic model for nucleic acids. The base pair thermal vibrations around the helix diameter are viewed as a Brownian motion for a particle embedded in a stable helical structure. The probability to return to the initial position is computed, as a function of time, by integrating over the particle paths consistent with the physical properties of the model potential. The zero time condition for the first-passage probability defines the constraint to select the integral cutoff for various macroscopic helical conformations, obtained by tuning the twist, bending, and slide motion between adjacent base pairs along the molecule stack. Applying the method to a short homogeneous chain at room temperature, we obtain meaningful estimates for the maximum fluctuations in the twist conformation with ∼10.5 base pairs per helix turn, typical of double stranded DNA helices. Untwisting the double helix, the base pair fluctuations broaden and the integral cutoff increases. The cutoff is found to increase also in the presence of a sliding motion, which shortens the helix contour length, a situation peculiar of dsRNA molecules.
Origin of defect luminescence in ultraviolet emitting AlGaN diode structures
Authors: Feneberg Martin , Romero Fátima , Goldhahn Rüdiger , Wernicke Tim , Reich Christoph , Stellmach Joachim , Mehnke Frank , Knauer Arne , Weyers Markus , Kneissl Michael
Published: May 2021

Light emitting diode structures emitting in the ultraviolet spectral range are investigated. The samples exhibit defect luminescence bands. Synchrotron-based photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of the complicated multi-layer stacks is employed to assign the origin of the observed defect luminescence to certain layers. In the case of quantum well structures emitting at 320 and 290 nm, the n-type contact AlGaN:Si layer is found to be the origin of defect luminescence bands between 2.65 and 2.8 eV. For 230 nm emitters without such n-type contact layer, the origin of a defect double structure at 2.8 and 3.6 eV can be assigned to the quantum wells.
Thermal boundary conductance across solid–solid interfaces at high temperatures: A microscopic approach
Authors: Zhong Jinxin , Xi Qing , Wang Zhiguo , Nakayama Tsuneyoshi , Li Xiaobo , Liu Jun , Zhou Jun
Published: May 2021

The existing theories for the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) of solid–solid interfaces lead to diverse values deviating from experimental measurements. In this paper, we propose a simple mechanism to evaluate the TBC contributed by phonons at room temperatures, where the microscopic structure of the interface layers between two dissimilar solids is treated as amorphous by taking into account the mismatches of the elastic modulus, the atomic masses, and the lattice spacing. Our theory explains well the observed magnitude of the TBCs across various solid–solid interfaces in the range from 107 to 109Wm−2K−1. The coordination number density and the energy transfer coefficient across interfaces are key parameters for determining the TBCs.
Second order corrections to the sputter yield of a curved surface
Authors: Bradley R. Mark , Hobler Gerhard
Published: May 2021

We study the sputter yield Y of a curved surface that is struck by a normally incident ion for radii of curvature that are large compared to the size of the collision cascade. The leading order correction to Y is proportional to the mean curvature H at the point of impact. We demonstrate analytically that there are two second order corrections to Y. One of these is proportional to H2 and the other is proportional to the Gaussian curvature at the point of impact. The predictions of the theory are compared to the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the sputtering of a variety of silicon surface morphologies for three different noble gas ion species and three ion energies. We find that including the second order correction terms considerably extends the range of radii of curvature for which the approximate formula for Y is applicable. Finally, we highlight our theory’s implications for nanoscale pattern formation on an initially flat solid surface that is bombarded with a broad ion beam.
Dynamical behavior of a nonlocal Fokker–Planck equation for a stochastic system with tempered stable noise
Authors: Lin Li , Duan Jinqiao , Wang Xiao , Zhang Yanjie
Published: May 2021

We characterize a stochastic dynamical system with tempered stable noise, by examining its probability density evolution. This probability density function satisfies a nonlocal Fokker–Planck equation. First, we prove a superposition principle that the probability measure-valued solution to this nonlocal Fokker–Planck equation is equivalent to the martingale solution composed with the inverse stochastic flow. This result together with a Schauder estimate leads to the existence and uniqueness of strong solution for the nonlocal Fokker–Planck equation. Second, we devise a convergent finite difference method to simulate the probability density function by solving the nonlocal Fokker–Planck equation. Finally, we apply our aforementioned theoretical and numerical results to a nonlinear filtering system by simulating a nonlocal Zakai equation.
Nanostructures and flux pinning properties in YBa2Cu3O7−y thin films with double perovskite Ba2LuNbO6 nanorods
Authors: Gondo Masaya , Yoshida Masashi , Yoshida Yuga , Ishimaru Manabu , Horide Tomoya , Matsumoto Kaname , Kita Ryusuke
Published: May 2021

Double perovskite Ba2LuNbO6 (BLNO)-doped YBa2Cu3O7−y (YBCO) thin films are fabricated on a SrTiO3 (001) substrate by pulsed laser deposition, and their nanostructures are characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Cross-sectional observations and elemental mapping reveal that BLNO self-assembles during thin film deposition, and consequently, nanorods extending straight from the substrate to the surface are formed in the YBCO thin films. It is confirmed that stacking faults perpendicular to the growth direction disturb the formation of BLNO nanorods. Strain maps extracted by geometric phase analysis reveal that the tensile strain occurs in the YBCO matrix around the BLNO nanorods. Misfit dislocations are periodically introduced at the interface between the nanorod and the matrix, which results in the inhomogeneous strain of YBCO around the BLNO nanorods. The superconducting properties of the YBCO + BLNO thin films are compared with those of other previously reported YBCO thin films with normal perovskite and double perovskite nanorods.
Effect of dipolar interaction on exceptional points in synthetic layered magnets
Authors: Jeffrey T. , Zhang W. , Sklenar J.
Published: May 2021

Within both synthetic ferromagnets and antiferromagnets, exceptional points, where optical and acoustic magnons coalesce into a single branch, can be used to control the magnon energy spectra. To date, exceptional point phenomena in magnon systems have been predominantly predicted and understood within the framework of macrospin models that are based upon coupled Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equations of motion. Although these equations can be readily linearized and solved, they do not necessarily incorporate all of the physical effects that are present in a real synthetic magnetic structure such as dipolar interactions. We have used micromagnetic simulations to model Permalloy based synthetic magnets that include both dipolar interactions, as well as the interlayer exchange coupling which determines whether or not the material is ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. For the material parameters considered in this work, we predict that only a single exceptional point is present when the system is ferromagnetic, and that no exceptional point appears when the material is antiferromagnetic. These results suggest that when calculating exceptional points within layered magnetic materials, interactions other than the interlayer exchange field must be accounted to accurately predict the existence of exceptional points, and that micromagnetic simulations are a useful tool to perform this task.
Highly uniform GaSb quantum dots with indirect–direct bandgap crossover at telecom range
Authors: Chellu Abhiroop , Hilska Joonas , Penttinen Jussi-Pekka , Hakkarainen Teemu
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate a new quantum-confined semiconductor material based on GaSb quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a single-crystalline AlGaSb matrix by filling droplet-etched nanoholes. The droplet-mediated growth mechanism allows formation of low QD densities required for non-classical single-QD light sources. The photoluminescence (PL) experiments reveal that the GaSb QDs have an indirect–direct bandgap crossover at telecom wavelengths. This is due to the alignment of the Γ and L valleys in the conduction band as a result of the quantum confinement controlled by the dimensions of the nanostructure. We show that in the direct bandgap regime close to 1.5 µm wavelength, the GaSb QDs have a type I band alignment and exhibit excitonic emission with narrow spectral lines and very low inhomogeneous broadening of PL emission owing to the high material quality and dimensional uniformity. These properties are extremely promising in terms of applications in infrared quantum optics and quantum photonic integration.
Unveiling the dopant segregation effect at hematite interfaces
Authors: de Lima Felipe C. , Schleder Gabriel R. , Souza Junior João B. , Souza Flavio L. , Destro Fabrício B. , Miwa Roberto H. , Leite Edson R. , Fazzio Adalberto
Published: May 2021

Understanding the effects of atomic structure modification in hematite photoanodes is essential for the rational design of high-efficiency functionalizations. Recently, it was found that interface modification with Sn/Sb segregates considerably increases hematite photocatalytic efficiency. However, the understanding of the different electronic effects of these modifications at the atomic level is still lacking. This Letter describes the segregation effects of two different dopants–Sn and Sb–on both the solid–solid (grain boundaries) and solid–liquid interfaces (surfaces) of hematite. Within an ab initio approach, we quantitatively extract the potential barrier reduction on polycrystalline interfaces due to the dopant, which causes an increase in the inter-grain electron transport. Concomitantly, the dopants' segregation on hematite surfaces results in a decrease in the oxygen vacancy formation energy. Such vacancies lead to the experimentally observed rise of the flatband potential. The comprehension of the electronic effects of dopants on both types of interfaces explains the experimental peak efficiency of interface-modified hematite with dopant segregates, also enabling the control and design of interfaces for different higher-efficiency applications.
MoS2 for beyond lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Feipeng , Feng Xuefei , Glans Per-Anders , Guo Jinghua
Published: May 2021

As a typical transition-metal chalcogenide material, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has received tremendous attention because of its unique layered structure and versatile chemical, electronic, and optical properties. With the focus of this Perspective on the energy storage area, one of the most important contributions of MoS2 is that it sparked the birth of the rechargeable lithium battery in the early 1980s, which later formed the foundation of commercial lithium batteries. After four decades, admitting that MoS2 is still playing a significant role in the lithium-ion battery field and considerable effort was made to decipher the mechanism through ex situ and in situ studies and by means of MoS2 nanostructure engineering that advances the lithium battery performance, it is also used in beyond lithium-ion batteries, such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum energy storage systems. Such alternative battery systems are desirable because of the safety concerns of lithium and the depletion of lithium reserves and corresponding increase in cost. In this Perspective, recent development on the fabrication of novel MoS2 nanostructures was discussed, followed by the scrutinization of their application in beyond lithium-ion batteries and the in situ/operando methods involved in these studies. Finally, a brief summary and outlook that may help with the future advancement of the beyond lithium-ion batteries are presented.
Density and temperature dependence of the cross sections after excitation of Ar XVIII by electron impact
Authors: Chen Zhan-Bin , Qi Yue-Ying , Sun Hua-Yang , Zhao Guo-Peng , Liu Peng-Fei
Published: May 2021

We propose a novel distorted wave approach within the fundamental framework of relativity theory to calculate the dynamics of magnetic sublevels excitations of highly charged ions by electron impact within a quantum plasma. These cross sections can be used to predict the alignment parameter and subsequent angular pattern of the photoemission. Two kinds of modified Shukla and Eliasson [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 165007 (2012)] models, based on the quantum hydrodynamic theory, are adopted to determine the effects of screened Coulomb interaction among charged particles. The bound and continuous state (radial) wave functions are addressed through the one-dimensional Dirac equations, where the numerical convergence is checked. As an application, the 1s1∕2 → 2p3∕2 transition in Ar XVIII is used as a probe for the assessment of the quantum plasma shielding effects and the exchange-correlation effects on the energies, excitation cross sections, alignment parameters, and angular patterns of x-ray emission vs electron densities, from 1019 to 1024 cm−3, and compared to existing data. Our results highlight that the inclusion of the effect of plasma density and temperature not only leads to a significant reduction in the magnetic sublevels cross section, but also produces a change in the alignment parameter and angular pattern of the photoemission. The exchange-correlation effect is found to be crucial to the atomic structure, yet it weakens in the scattering process. In addition to insights into collision dynamics, this study opens the door to a further understanding of the polarization and angular distribution properties of x-ray radiation under extreme conditions. The present study is of interest for the warm density matter physics and high-energy density physics applications. The obtained atomic structure, sublevel cross section, and angular pattern of the photoemission are essential fundamental properties for advanced diagnostics and equation of state calculations in planet interior, inertial confinement fusion, and Z pulsed power facility.
The zinc-binding motif of TRPM7 acts as an oxidative stress sensor to regulate its channel activity
Authors: Inoue Hana , Murayama Takashi , Kobayashi Takuya , Konishi Masato , Yokoyama Utako
Published: May 2021

The activity of the TRPM7 channel is negatively regulated by intracellular Mg2+. We previously reported that oxidative stress enhances the inhibition of TRPM7 by intracellular Mg2+. Here, we aimed to clarify the mechanism underlying TRPM7 inhibition by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Site-directed mutagenesis of full-length TRPM7 revealed that none of the cysteines other than C1809 and C1813 within the zinc-binding motif of the TRPM7 kinase domain were involved in the H2O2-induced TRPM7 inhibition. Mutation of C1809 or C1813 prevented expression of full-length TRPM7 on the plasma membrane. We therefore developed an assay to functionally reconstitute full-length TRPM7 by coexpressing the TRPM7 channel domain (M7cd) and the TRPM7 kinase domain (M7kd) as separate proteins in HEK293 cells. When M7cd was expressed alone, the current was inhibited by intracellular Mg2+ more strongly than that of full-length TRPM7 and was insensitive to oxidative stress. Coexpression of M7cd and M7kd attenuated the inhibition by intracellular Mg2+ and restored sensitivity to oxidative stress, indicating successful reconstitution of a full-length TRPM7-like current. We observed a similar effect when M7cd was coexpressed with the kinase-inactive mutant M7kd-K1645R, suggesting that the kinase activity is not essential for the reconstitution. However, coexpression of M7cd and M7kd carrying a mutation at either C1809 or C1813 failed to restore the full-length TRPM7-like current. No reconstitution was observed when using M7kd carrying a mutation at H1750 and H1807, which are involved in the zinc-binding motif formation with C1809 and C1813. These data suggest that the zinc-binding motif is essential for the intracellular Mg2+-dependent regulation of the TRPM7 channel activity by its kinase domain and that the cysteines in the zinc-binding motif play a role in the oxidative stress response of TRPM7.
Innovation of oxygen indicator for packaging leak detector: A review
Authors: Sari A N A , Warsiki E , Kartika I A
Published: May 2021

Oxygen is one of the factors causing the food product damage. Therefore, vacuum packaging or modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is an effective solution offered. However, there is always a risk of leakage in the package especially in the packaging process, in the distribution process, and by the insect or rodent damage. Therefore, an oxygen indicator that helps retailers and consumers to detect leaks and to prevent them from buying leaking products is created. Its working principle is to show a color change that reflects changes in the composition of the gas. The use of oxygen indicators is beneficial not only for consumers but also for manufacturers of products who use this indicator for loyal consumers to maintain the consumer credibility with their products. Furthermore, technological advances encourage researchers to improve several important aspects of oxygen indicators such as product safety application, product cost retrenchment, ease of manufacture, and environmental friendliness. This article reviews the development of oxygen indicators and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of oxygen indicator and provides information for researchers and the MAP industry on the types of oxygen indicators that are well developed in the future.
TG-DSC investigation of co-combustion characteristics of blends sawdust and coal
Authors: Umar D F , Monika I , Handoko S
Published: May 2021

Co-combustion of biomass and coal in coal fired power plant could reduce CO2 emissions and utilize renewable energy resources. To understand the co-combustion characteristics of biomass and coal blends, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) analysis, as well as proximate, ultimate and heating value have been conducted. TG-DSC measures both weight changes (TG) and heat flow (DSC) in a material as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere. The combustion profiles can be used to study some combustion properties of fuels and fuel blends. The biomass that used in this study was sawdust in its origin and torrefied sawdust which blend with a low rank coal. The composition of the biomass and coal were 1:3; 1:1 and 3:1 in weight ratio. Results indicated that the blend of coal and torrefied sawdust in weight ratio of 1:3 was the best combustion performance compared to the other composition, indicated by the highest of ignition temperature (Tig), maximum combustion rate (Rmax) and heating value.
Clustering analysis for production system design of emulsifier for biodiesel B30 based on digital business ecosystem
Authors: Dimawarnita F , Djatna T , Hambali E , Muslich  , Panji Tri , Adnan A A
Published: May 2021

Biodiesel in Indonesia is synthesized from palm oil into Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). In Biodiesel B30, FAME and diesel fuels cannot be homogeneous because FAME is hygroscopic and has a higher density than diesel fuels. This problem can be solved by adding emulsifiers. However, the emulsifier production process is currently limited to the laboratory scale. So, it is necessary to simulate the scaling up emulsifier production system and also the classification of the emulsifier product in the quality control section for this process production. Its integration processes and product are also not following the quality standard. This study aims to identify the relation of emulsifier formulation’s attributes then classify the quality according to the emission of NOx gas. The methods used to determine analyzed system requirements are using BPMN 2.0. The rules are then compiled from the existing emulsifier production system using Association Rules Mining (ARM), and the K-means algorithm will cluster the result. These rules can be used as a reference in taking influential attributes for emulsifier formulation. K-Means algorithm models the rules from the ARM into clusters where data in one cluster has the same characteristics and different characteristics from other clusters. The dataset used is hypothetical data from the formulation and quality testing of the emulsifier. This study’s final results are ten attributes that were approved in the emulsifier formulation and 4 clusters of emulsifier product quality based on NOx gas emissions and separated water layers.
Characterization of pyrolysis products of oil palm empty fruit bunch
Authors: Handoko Slamet , Nurhadi N. , mujiati Sri , Fitriani Rachma
Published: May 2021

Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is a waste product in the palm oil industry. Currently, EFB has not been optimally utilized because of its low calorific value. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential of EFB conversion into solid (biochar), liquid (bio-oil), and synthesis gas (syngas). The experiment was carried out in the batch process at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 600°C (heating rate of 60°C/min). Biochar was cooled and analyzed its proximate, ultimate, and calorific value. The volatile matter of pyrolysis product was passed through a condenser so that bio-oil and water were condensed and separated based on density difference. Bio-oil was analyzed by fractionation based on its boiling point. The syngas composition was analyzed by using GC. The proximate analysis results of biochar, such as inherent moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon, are 6.24%, 26.30%, 14.14%, and 53.32%. Meanwhile, the ultimate analysis of biochar showing the composition of C, H, O, S, and N is 55.76%, 2.92%, 12.5%, 0.34%, and 2.18%, respectively. The biochar calorific value is 4,966 kcal/kg adb, showing a similar characteristic to sub-bituminous coal, suggesting that biochar can be utilized as a coal substitution to reduce the CO2 emission on Electric Steam Power Plant. Bio-oil fractionation showed that the initial boiling point (IBP) temperature started at 67.8°C, and the final boiling point (FBP) temperature at 666.8°C. The largest fraction was kerosene (36.2%) and diesel, indicating that bio-oil can be processed further into fuel oil. Syngas analysis results showed that the main gas compositions are CH4 (13 – 17% vol), H2 (28 – 33% vol), CO (17 – 26% vol), and CO2 gases (16 – 31% vol) with a calorific value of 2,600 – 3,300 Kcal/Nm3. Some alternatives to syngas utilization are as a source of pyrolysis energy and for chemicals syntheses such as methanol and DME.
The Impact of Flooding on Settlement Along the Jangkok River Mataram, Indonesia
Authors: Rahadiati A , Munawaroh  , Suryanegara E
Published: May 2021

Floods are natural disasters that have harmed populations in several places in the world. Flooding in urban areas can be caused by coastal floods or river floods. One of the flood-prone areas in Lombok is the Jangkok River, the largest rivers that cross the city of Mataram. Floods have consequences that impact the social and economic activities. Direct impacts of flooding can include damage to property and infrastructure, especially in the settlement area. The purposes of this research are to analyze the flood-prone areas and to build a flood modeling of the Jangkok River. The data used for the analysis combined a topographic map scale 1:5.000, DEM LiDAR, land system, and rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. The result shows that along the Jangkok River at a distance of 100 m estimated as the flood-prone areas. River flood modeling shows settlements have very high potential affected by floods caused by overflowing water from the Jangkok River. Modeling of flood inundation for the return period of 10 years, 50 years, and 100 years shows that the area of inundated settlements periodically expands the flooded area of 70.95 ha, 97.17 ha, and 108.41 ha. This study is expected to be an input to improve the preparation of disaster mitigation-based spatial planning in many coastal cities in Indonesia.
Development of Empirical Model of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) by using Landsat 8 on the Coast of Bekasi Regency
Authors: Adawiah S W , Setiawan K T , Parwati E , Faristyawan R
Published: May 2021

The Coastal area is transitional areas between terrestrial and marine ecosystems which are still affected by changes on land and in the sea. Various activities carried out on the coast make this area vulnerable to environmental changes that originate from natural phenomena and human activities. The north coast of Bekasi is prone to water quality degradation due to its proximity to Jakarta Bay and the mouth of the Citarum River to the Java Sea. The decline in the quality of Bekasi coastal waters can be measured by several parameters such as salinity, turbidity, brightness, chlorophyll concentration and Total Suspended Solid (TSS), the presence of organic or inorganic material. Landsat 8 can estimate the concentration and distribution of TSS spatially and temporally. This study aims to develop an empirical model for estimating TSS concentrations in the coastal area of Bekasi Regency by using Landsat 8 data. This method used a combination regression from five channels. The results showed there are four empirical models with a value of R2 of 0.5. The calculation of the accuracy value using RMSE is still high, which is around 100, but the construction of this model is better than the previous algorithm. Another alternative is to use multiple linear regression to see the relationship between the interaction variables of each band and the TSS concentration.
Anti-Inflammatory Potential from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Viscera Hydrolysate with Bioinformatics Analysis (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances – PASS)
Authors: Riyadi PH , Romadhon  , Anggo AD , Suharto S , Tanod WA , Aryani A
Published: May 2021

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production in Indonesia for 5 (five) years has increased by 18%. Increased production of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) will result in an increase in fish waste and by-products, such as viscera, skin, bones, and scales. This waste can have an impact on environmental, health, social, and economic problems if not appropriately managed. Hydrolysis technology can turn viscera tilapia waste into more useful hydrolysate. This article aims to obtain a profile of the potential hydrolysates of tilapia viscera as an anti-inflammatory by bioinformatics analysis. The material used in this study was tilapia viscera waste. The waste is then hydrolyzed with alcalase enzyme to produce hydrolysate. LC-HRMS screening shows that there are 99 compounds and eight peptides. PASS analysis is used to predict the potential for biological activity. Most of the total hydrolysate content of tilapia viscera waste has potential biological activity as an anti-inflammatory. These results indicate that tilapia viscera waste hydrolysate has the potential as an anti-inflammatory.
Correlation of phenotype components with yield of promising tungro resistant superior rice lines
Authors: Muazam A , Praptana R H
Published: May 2021

The assembly of new high-yield and disease-resistant rice varieties is one of the efforts to increase the rice production and productivity in Indonesia. New site-specific varieties that match farmer preferences are targeted for plant breeding. The yield test is one of the activities in plant breeding to identify any promising lines that have adaptability to a specific growing environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of the phenotypic components with the yield of the promising superior rice lines which have high yield potential and are resistant to tungro disease. The research was conducted in the tungro endemic area of Lanrang South Sulawesi during the rainy season (MH) December 2017 to March 2018. A total of 20 rice slaves were arranged in an augmented design consisting of 4 blocks, each block there were 5 test lines and 2 comparison varieties namely Ciherang and Inpari 7 Lanrang. The components observed included plant height, flowering age, number of panicles, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, yield weight per hectare, clump shape and level of lodging. The results showed that the yields of 10 lines were higher than one or both comparators, namely BP11224F, BP12280-4F-7, BP57964F, BP11206F, BP12280-4F-4, BP12280-3F-16, BP12280-3F-2, BP122803F5, BP11208F-7, and BP12280-3f-13. The value of R = 0.557, which means that there is a strong correlation between the components of growth and the level of yield. The value of R square = 0.310 indicates that the ability of the six growth components were observed affects the rice yield by 31% and there are still 69% other components that affect the yield.
Livestock shortage amidst COVID-19: A case of Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Pehin Dato Musa S F , Basir K H
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has increased food security risks in many parts of the world due to strict quarantine measures and lockdowns which have affected all stages of food supply chains. Brunei is not an exception. Prior to the pandemic, the poultry sub sector has performed better than others in the agriculture sector and was reportedly able to meet close to 100% of local demand for eggs and chicken. However there have been shortages of meat products such as chicken, lamb and processed meat in Brunei amidst the pandemic. This paper aims to review the contributing factors of these shortages. Some of the factors identified were increased of demand, cost of logistics, and cost of feed and unstable weather caused by climate change. The government has a big task ahead in not only resolving the immediate shortages but also to manage future risks. Farmers and local livestock producers require greater policy support in order to boost local production and effectively address obstacles along the supply chain in a coordinated manner. Local livestock producers must also continuously improve their competitiveness by learning and adopting new technologies in the field of agriculture not just to meet current demands but also for time to come.
Influence of parity and live weight on the concentration of Pregnancy-Specific Protein B (PSPB) in Kedah Kelantan (KK) cattle
Authors: Hanafiah N. A. , Khalif R. A. R. R. , Rusli N. D. , Hasnita C. H. , Rahman M. M. , Mat K.
Published: May 2021

The pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) is the protein of binucleated cells in the ruminant’s placenta. It contains several antigenic variants, which contributed to the ability to detect pregnancy from day 20 of pregnancy until parturition. In this research, the main objective is to determine the concentration of PSPB in serum and urine and their relation to Kedah-Kelantan (KK) cattle’s parity and live weight. Ten cattle (n=10) were selected for this study. The blood serum (2 ml) and urine samples were collected at days 0, 24, 42, and 164 post artificial insemination (AI). All the samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes at 4°C. The serum and urine were analyzed with competitive ELISA test kit and read at 450 nm wavelength speed. The standard OD value provided by the kit created the equation to calculate the concentration of PSPB in the serum and blood. Then, the correlation and multiple linear regression of parity and live weight were analyzed with a significant level of P < 0.01. Through the finding, the live weight and parity were positive correlate with PSPB in serum. The relationship between live weight and PSPB concentration in urine showed a negative correlation but there no correlation between parity and PSPB concentration in urine. The regression analysis result was 35% and 36% for PSPB concentration in serum and urine, respectively. This study suggests that cattle parity and live weight did not significantly affect the PSPB concentration.
Quality assessment of ointment incorporated with Piper sarmentosum (Kaduk) leaves extract
Authors: Syed Nopal S A , Abdullah N , Abdul Wahab I R
Published: May 2021

Plant based medication is known as one of the alternative methods in wound management with no or less side effects, as well as less expensive. Various products related to wounds are on the market mostly consist of various unnatural chemicals. Previous preliminary study and ethnopharmacological evidence of Piper sarmentosum (Kaduk) also showed that the plant is a good candidate to treat wounds. Thus, this project aims to evaluate an ointment incorporated with the P. sarmentosum aqueous extract as an alternative to treat wounds. Two type of ointments; hydrocarbon (oleaginous; ointment 1) and water removeable (oil-in-water; ointment 2) that incorporated with the plant extract were further assessed for its organoleptic, physicochemical properties, as well as its stability at different storage conditions. The findings showed that ointment 1 exhibited good physicochemical properties with a strong scent of extract. However, this ointment did not inhibit E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis in the antimicrobial test. The stability study that carried out for three weeks consecutively showed that ointment 1 (hydrophilic) was stable under chill storage condition (5 °C) and room temperature (25 °C) without phase separation, as well as insignificant change of odour, texture and pH value. However, the formulation was physically unstable at high temperature (45 °C). Meanwhile, ointment 2 (oil-in-water) significantly inhibited E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis possibly due to presence of parabens in the formulation., not melted at high temperature (45 °C), stable in pH, non-greasy and water-washable. However, the formulation was physically unstable, that it showed phase separation after heating, and harden in texture when compared to the commercial healing ointment (Brand: Zam Buk). Findings from this study could be an initial step for the future development of the effective, affordable and safe wound healing medication by related industries.