bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Income-level analysis of money demand stability in Sub-Saharan Africa using cross-sectional ARDL
Authors:   Department of Marketing, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria, Abugu James Okechukwu , Amahi Fidelis U. ,   Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria, Okoh Johnson Ifeanyi ,   Department of Department of Financial Studies, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria, Agbadua Oyakhiromhe Bamidele ,   Department of Banking and Finance, National Institute of Construction Technology and Management, Uromi, Nigeria, Udo Emmanuel Samuel ,   Department of Banking and Finance, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria, Onyemere Ifeanyi ,   Sunderland University, United Kingdom
Published: November 2024

Relevance. The stability of money demand is essential for effective monetary policy, especially in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries that face various economic challenges. These challenges include volatile exchange rates, fluctuating foreign interest rates, and high inflation, all of which can disrupt money demand stability. Understanding how these dynamics interact with different income levels—upper middle, lower middle, and low—is crucial for developing effective regional monetary policies and achieving economic stability. Research Objective. This study aims to evaluate the stability of money demand across different income levels—upper middle, lower middle, and low—in SSA. By applying the cash-in-advance theory, the study seeks to provide insights and actionable policy recommendations on the influence of key economic variables. Data and Method. This study employs the cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model to analyze both the short- and long-run influences of real exchange rates, foreign interest rates, real GDP, and inflation on money demand. By doing so, it aims to provide a nuanced understanding of money demand stability, capturing variations often overlooked in existing research. The analysis uses data from the World Bank Indicators and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), allowing for a detailed examination of money demand stability across various income levels in the region. Results. The findings reveal a positive and significant relationship between the real exchange rate, foreign interest rates, real gross domestic product, and real monetary aggregates. However, inflation has a contractionary effect on the real monetary aggregate, destabilizing money demand. Money demand stability is observed in upper-middle and low-income countries, while lower-middle-income countries exhibit variability, indicating differing levels of economic resilience across income categories. Conclusion. The study recommends adopting unified monetary policies and a single currency to enhance stability and stimulate economic growth in the region. Additionally, implementing inflation-targeting policies can further strengthen economic stability and promote sustainable development in SSA.
IMPROVEMENT OF NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION AND SUPERCOOLING PROCESS IN HORIZONTAL CHANNELS OF PRINTED CIRCUIT HEAT EXCHANGERS: BUOYANCY ANALYSIS
Authors: Salmanpour Mehdi , Ameri Mohammad , Majidi Sahand , Jahangiri Ali
Published: November 2024

Applying printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) in small-scale natural gas liquefaction refineries can be a practical innovation for the expansion of such liquefaction units in industrial zones as well as areas far from the national natural gas network. After an overview of the state of the art related to the small-scale LNG refineries, the lack of applying PCHEs was observed. The gravitational and centrifugal buoyancy for a horizontal C-shaped channel of a PCHE have been studied numerically. OpenFOAM (version v1606+) software was used to model the cooling process. The most common component of natural gas is methane, so methane has been considered as the heat transfer fluid in this study. The dome-shaped distribution of the Grashof number reveals that mixed convection heat transfer becomes more active around the pseudo-critical point. Greater flattening of the C-shaped zigzags can cause an average increase of 49% for the centrifugal Grashof number in the supercritical process and a 30.9% increase for the gravitational Grashof number in the trans-critical process. As the zigzags become sharper, an increase of 29.12% in the Nusselt number for the supercritical process and 30.81% for the trans-critical process will be reached and the total entropy generation experiences a decrease of about 41.37% for the supercritical process and 32.03% for the trans-critical process. The proximity of the synergy number to one radian indicates that geometrical changes in the channel enhance heat transfer. The results can help to improve and develop the design of PCHEs for natural gas liquefaction process in small-scale refineries.
Antibacterial potential of sodium alginate nanoparticles: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Aziz Shamsa , Jamil Muhammad Ammad
Published: November 2024

In this research, sodium alginate nanoparticles were synthesized through nanoprecipitation using Tween 80 as surfactant and ethanol as solvent. The impact of sodium alginate and surfactant concentrations on nanoparticles was observed. Nanoprecipitation method was chosen for its stability, easy going, and environment-friendliness. The size, polydispersity index (PDI), morphological changes, and chemical modifications of nanoparticles were characterized through various techniques such as zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of sodium alginate nanoparticles was checked against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, that is, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. The zeta results indicated that the nanoparticles size ranges around 100 nm, having a −3.44 mV zeta potential and a PDI of 1. The FTIR spectroscopy graph confirmed the typical feature of sodium alginate nanoparticles through the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxylate groups; the peaks ranges between 450 and 700 cm−1 indicated the interaction between sodium alginate and Tween 80. The antibacterial results suggested the coating of sodium alginate with some sustainable metal to enhance its antimicrobial resistance against various pathogens. Sodium alginate, with its excellent gelling properties and muco-adhesiveness, can serve for biomedical applications and drug delivery.
Low-tech steel damper: square tube parts for similar tension/compression bracing behavior
Authors: Montazerian Leila , Naserabadi Heydar Dashti , Jamshidi Morteza , Hosseini Mahmood
Published: November 2024

Bracing systems have been essential for lateral load resistance in buildings but are limited by low energy dissipation and susceptibility to buckling under compressive loads. Yielding dampers have been introduced to enhance these systems, but they often suffer from asymmetrical behavior in tension and compression, complex manufacturing, and difficult design processes. This paper introduces the Double Square Tube-form Yielding Parts (DSTYP) steel damper, designed to provide symmetrical behavior under both tension and compression, ease of manufacturing, and simple design via four straightforward formulas. The DSTYP damper dissipates energy using two square tube-form parts that alternate between tension and compression under axial loads. Laboratory tests and finite element analysis (FEA) reveal the damper’s hysteretic load-displacement behavior. Based on FEA results, two formulas for initial stiffness and yielding strength are derived, facilitating the damper’s design for use in multi-story buildings with concentric bracings. Nonlinear time history analyses of a 5-story building with chevron bracing demonstrate that the proposed dampers can reduce maximum roof acceleration and base shear by approximately 30% and 20%, respectively, compared to conventional bracing systems.
ÇOCUKLARDA ÇÖLYAK HASTALIĞI TANISINA YÖNELİK FARKLI BİR YAKLAŞIM
Authors: Deveci Uğur , Acar Ufuk
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Çölyak hastalığı; genetik olarak duyarlı kişilerde buğday, arpa ve çavdar gibi tahıllarda bulunan gluten isimli proteine aşırı duyarlılık sonucu, bağırsak mukozasının zedelenmesi ve malabsorbsiyonla sonuçlanan otoimmün bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada çölyak hastalığının tanısında biyopsi ve doku transglutaminaz antikor immunglobulin A (DTGA) düzeyi arasındaki korelasyon ile biyopsinin etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2016-2018 yılları arasında XXXXX Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Gastroenteroloji Bölümü’nde çölyak hastalığı tanısı alan 201 çocuk olgunun klinik ve laboratuvar bulguları incelenmiştir. Daha önce bir dış merkezde çölyak hastalığı tanısı alanlar ve diyet başlanan hastalar çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır (11 hasta). Anamnez, fizik muayene, laboratuvar tetkikleri ve üst gastrointestinal sistem endoskopisinden elde edilen patoloji sonuçları ile veriler oluşturulmuştur. Başvuru şikayetleri ve incelemelerden elde edilen veriler hastaların demografik özellikleri ve antropometrik ölçümleri ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hastaların serum DTGA düzeyleri 18 IU/mL üzerinde olanlar pozitif kabul edilmiştir. Olguların 112’si (%55,7) kız, 89’u (%44,3) erkekti. Duodenum histopatolojisi; olguların 9’unda (%4,5) Marsh 2, 90’nında (%44,7) Marsh 3a, 91’inde (%45,3) Marsh 3b, 11’inde (%5,5) Marsh 3c ile uyumluydu. 192 olguda (%95,5) DTGA ≥100 IU/ml idi. Güçlü DTGA pozitifliği (DTGA ≥100 IU/ml) saptanan olguların %96,8’nin duodenum histolojisi Marsh 3 (villöz atrofi) ile uyumluydu. Marsh 3c ile güçlü pozitif DTGA arasında yapılan korelasyon analizinde pozitif yönde, istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (r=0,232; p=0,001).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma güçlü pozitif DTGA düzeylerinin (≥100 IU/ml) neredeyse her zaman Marsh 3 duodenal histopatolojik değişikliklerle beraber olduğunu göstermiştir. Biyopsi yapılmadan çölyak hastalığı tanısının konulması eşlik eden bazı hastalıkların atlanmasına neden olabilir; fakat seçilmiş bazı olgularda çocuk gastroenteroloji uzmanları tarafından endoskopi yapılmadan da çölyak hastalığı tanısı konulabilir.
Sahra Altı Afrika Ülkelerinde Yoksulluğu Belirleyen Faktörlerin Yoksulluk Kısır Döngüsü Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Turna Yaşar
Published: November 2024

Sahra altı Afrika ülkelerinde yoksulluğu belirleyen faktörlerin yoksulluk üzerindeki etkisi ve bu etkilerin bir kısır döngü içerisinde olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi, yoksullukla mücadelede uygulanacak politikaların etkinliği açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çerçevede yapılan çalışmada, öncelikle Sahra Altı Afrika ülkelerinde yoksulluk kısır döngüsü kapsamında değerlendirilen değişkenler ile yoksulluk arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edilmesi, bu etkilerin ortaya konulması sonucunda ise yoksulluk kısır döngüsünün test edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla çalışmada, Sahra altı Afrika ülkelerinde 1990-2022 yılları arasında yoksulluğa neden olan faktörlerin yoksulluk üzerindeki etkileri ve yoksulluk kısır döngüsü analiz edilmektedir. Yapılan analizlerde, en küçük kareler yöntemi ile Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ise, Sahra altı Afrika ülkelerinde yoksulluk kısır döngüsü kuramının geçerli olmadığı ancak kısır döngüye neden olan değişkenlerin her birinin yoksulluğu etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Serious games in Science and Mathematics Education: a scoping umbrella review
Authors: Karimov Ayaz , Saarela Mirka , Kärkkäinen Tommi
Published: November 2024

Many studies focused on reviewing the use of serious games as part of Science and Mathematics Education. While previous reviews focused on various educational levels and subjects, narrowing the scope to Science and Mathematics Education provides more targeted insights that can inform instructional strategies and curriculum development. In this article, we summarize 16 systematic reviews and meta-analyses with a total of 535 primary studies investigating the impact of serious games in Science and Mathematics Education. Our findings highlight that serious games can motivate and engage students while improving their learning outcomes and leading to improved cognitive skills. However, negative reports on the use of serious games in Science and Mathematics Education such as demotivation, anxiety, and limited effects on learning were also observed. Overall, this paper contributes to human-computer interaction (HCI) by providing a comprehensive analysis of serious games' impact on students' moods and learning outcomes in Science and Mathematics Education, highlighting the role of teachers and proposing future research directions for game-based learning.
Game elements improve affect and motivation in a learning task
Authors: Huber Stefan , Edlinger Moritz , Lindstedt Antero , Kiili Kristian , Ninaus Manuel
Published: November 2024

Earlier studies repeatedly showed increased learner motivation due to game elements, while overall cognitive effects on learning outcomes were absent. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is provided by theories integrating cognitive and affective learning processes: the beneficial effect on learner motivation eventually balancing simultaneously higher cognitive processing demands associated with game elements. In this paper, we provide results of an empirical test of this theoretical suggestion. In particular, we report results of a value-added online experiment (with n = 61 participants, mostly students; 44 female, 15 male, 2 diverse; median age: 24 years), comparing a more gameful with a less gameful version of a learning task. In agreement with earlier studies, we find similar cognitive learning outcomes (δ < 0.2), but medium (δ = 0.5) and large (δ = 0.9) effects on affective and motivational outcomes, respectively. Furthermore, mediation models show that a small negative direct effect of game elements on cognitive outcomes (β = −0.2) is indeed effectively cancelled by an indirect path through motivational outcomes (β = +0.4). Overall, our results corroborate the tenability of the integrated cognitive affective model of learning with multimedia. This implies its feasibility in purposefully designing learning environments with specific motivational or cognitive aims in mind.
From product to process data: Game mechanics for science learning
Authors: Dever Daryn , Wiedbusch Megan , Marano Cameron , Brosnihan Annamarie , Smith Kevin , Patel Milouni , Delgado Tara , Lester James , Azevedo Roger
Published: November 2024

Game-based learning environments (GBLEs) supplement classroom instruction so students can demonstrate their scientific reasoning abilities and increase knowledge, providing a platform that promotes interest and engagement in science. The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of game mechanics for science learning. This study identifies how two types of game mechanics—learning and assessment mechanics—are used by high school participants (N = 137) as they learn about microbiology with Crystal Island, a game-based learning environment for science education. Participants’ learning outcomes were evaluated in two ways: learning gains, which assessed participants’ domain knowledge acquisition, and game completion, which assessed participants’ ability to successfully demonstrate scientific reasoning abilities. Results from this study showed that game completion is not related to learning gains. However, as participants engaged with increasingly more assessment mechanics, learning gains decreased. Further, profiles of learners were extracted to better understand the learning process that best supports greater learning outcomes. Results showed that learners who engaged in less recurrent transitions across assessment mechanics were more likely to successfully demonstrate scientific reasoning abilities. Implications for the design of games which provide scaffolding based on process data of learners’ game mechanic use are provided.
Exploring the Impact of Player Traits on the Leaderboard Experience in a Digital Maths Game
Authors: Almo André , Rocha Mariana , Brennan Attracta , Dondio Pierpaolo
Published: November 2024

Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) uses digital games to enhance engagement and learning, but its efficacy is linked to game features. Leaderboards are a commonly used feature to increase motivation through competition, improving engagement and learning outcomes. However, infinite leaderboards, displaying all players in an ordered ranking based on their scores, can demotivate players depending on their performance and characteristics. This study investigated primary school students’ experience with an infinite leaderboard during a digital maths game intervention. 1389 Irish students participated in a 6-week programme with the game ‘Seven Spells,’ which featured an infinite leaderboard. Player traits and opinions about the game and its leaderboard were gathered via questionnaires and surveys. Leaderboard enjoyment was influenced by players’ position on the leaderboard and maths anxiety levels. Maths anxious players disliked the leaderboard more than non-anxious players, even after controlling for their position on the leaderboard. How much players liked to play against each other was also found to be a significant factor predicting the enjoyment of the leaderboard. There was also a small correlation between leaderboard enjoyment and overall game enjoyment. These insights exemplify players’ characteristics that should be considered when incorporating infinite leaderboards into maths games to avoid negative impacts on gaming experiences.
Última carta a un lector, de Gerald Murnane (2023), Adalber Salas Hernández (Trad.), Gris Tormenta, 184 p.
Authors: García Encina Edgar Adolfo
Published: November 2024

En 2023 la editorial mexicana Gris Tormenta ha publicado la de la Ultima carta a un lector de Gerald Murnane, originalmente publicada dos años antes. Se trata de una compilación de más de una decena de ensayos en los que el autor revisa su trayectoria a través de sus libros para reflexionar entorno al ejercicio de la lectura y la creación y retomando temas como la creación literaria, el papel de la ficción en la vida del escritor y su relación con sus editores, la escritura, la familia y el entorno.
Academic Opinions on the Use of Augmented Reality in Basic Design Education
Authors: Özaltun Gözde , Kahraman Mehmet Emin
Published: November 2024

With the advancement of technology, educational materials have also undergone a period of development and change. This situation has been inevitable as a result of both Generation Z students' familiarity with technology and the change in their thought structures. In this study, research was conducted on the integration of the basic design education course, which has been carried out with traditional methods since the Bauhaus School period, with innovative technology. In this context, the opinions of expert academics on the integration of augmented reality (AR) technology into basic design education were analyzed. The effects of the inclusion of AR technology in learning processes on students' design skills and development processes are discussed. In the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 academics who are experts in their fields using in-depth interview technique from qualitative research methods. It was concluded that academics agreed that AR technology should be integrated with traditional teaching methods. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of integration and possible concerns that may affect the expected learning outcomes when using traditional methods due to the use of AR technology are emphasized. In line with the findings obtained from the interviews, suggestions on how basic design courses can be transformed into a more interactive and efficient way are given.
BSA: The Bloch Sphere Approachas a Geometrical Design Tool for Building Cost-Effective Quantum Gates v2
Authors: Al-Bayaty Ali , Perkowski Marek
Published: November 2024

The Bloch sphere is a geometrical 3D sphere that visualizes the states of a qubit after a series of quantum gates are applied to it. In quantum computing, the Bloch sphere is mainly used as a geometrical visualization (and verification) tool. On the other hand, in this protocol, we introduce the Bloch sphere as a geometrical design tool for building cost-effective quantum gates based on their rotational quantum operations in the XY, XZ, and/or YZ planes, which are the 2D circular top and side views of the Bloch sphere. Collectively, the Bloch sphere and its planes are termed the Bloch sphere approach (BSA). With the BSA, various generic and cost-effective quantum gates and libraries are designed for IBM quantum computers, using the symmetrical and semi-symmetrical structures [1-5], Clifford+T gates, and IBM native "basis" gates ( , , , and ). Our designed generic and cost-effective quantum gates and libraries are listed as follows, where 2 n 5 qubits. Quantum libraries: GALA-n [3, 6] and CALA-n [4, 7], which have become part of the IBM Qiskit ecosystem [8] n-bit Toffoli gate [2-4] n-bit Boolean gates (AND, NAND, OR, NOR, implication, and inhibition) [3, 4] n-bit controlled- ( ) and controlled- ( ) gates [3, 4] n-bit Fredkin gate [3, 4] n-bit Miller gate [3, 4] Boolean-Phase SWAP gate: p-SWAP [4, 5] Because the quantum operations of all IBM native gates mainly rotate around the X-axis and Z-axis of the Bloch sphere, the XY-plane of the Bloch sphere is utilized here for the BSA. However, the BSA can also be utilized to build generic and cost-effective quantum gates for other quantum computers, e.g., Intel, Google, and Rigetti, using other projectional planes of the Bloch sphere, i.e., the XZ and YZ planes, based on the supported native gates for such quantum computers. Therefore, in this protocol, we introduce the BSA as a generic and open geometrical framework for prospective quantum computing research for building interesting and innovative quantum gates and circuits.
QuPath Immunofluorescence Sequential Slice Analysis: Warpy Extension v1
Authors: Lumanto Patricia , Macparland Sonya , Nakib Diana
Published: November 2024

This protocol is an application of the Warpy Extension tool to Qupath for the quantification of IF and IHC markers from sequential tissue slices. This protocol builds upon prior work outlining how to quantify singular and co-localizing IHC and IF markers in the liver, in addition to performing this analysis in the context of liver architecture.
CHROMATIC BOUNDS OF A LINE GRAPH USING SIGNLESS LAPLACIAN VALUES
Authors: Mittal Kajal , Kekre Pranjali
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we utilize the signless Laplacian eigenvalues of line graphs and the dominant number to determine the limits of chromatic numbers for the line graphs of certain special graphs. The application of Vizing’s theorem helps to justify the existence of larger boundaries in this particular case.
Eating behavior in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Knyazeva Anastasia V , Tkachenko Galina A. , Obukhova Olga A. , Trifonova Mariya S. , Marinov Dimitr T. , Shagina Natalya Yu. , Kurmukov Ildar A. , Pestereva Maria A.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND: Patients with breast cancer in remission tend to be overweight; however, the global literature has no data on eating disorders in this category of women.
AIM: To identify any potential eating disorders and their association with personality traits and emotional condition of women who underwent radical treatment for breast cancer and do not show any disease progression.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two women who completed breast cancer treatment and did not show any disease progression in one year were asked to fill in Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) and Big Five personality test and were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0 were used for statistical data processing. The critical significance level was p 0.05.
RESULTS: 81.3% of the patients were overweight. A serious eating disorder was found in one patient. In 15.6% of patients were was evidence of strained relationship food. A statistically significant association was established between Neuroticism and Depression ( r =0.362) and between Agreeableness and Level of anxiety ( r =0.37). No correlation was discovered for the probability of an eating disorder and “level of anxiety/depression.”
CONCLUSION: Serious eating disorders seem to be uncharacteristic of patients with breast cancer who have completed the treatment. The following pairs of descriptors were found to be associated: Agreeableness/Anxiety and Neuroticism/Depression.
Choice of treatment strategy for metastatic luminal HER2-negative breast cancer with germline mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes. Experience of the use of olaparib in clinical practice
Authors: Frolova Mona A. , Stenina Marina B.
Published: November 2024

About 10% of all cases of breast cancer occur in carriers of mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes. About 50% of all BRCA-associated cancers have a luminal HER2-negative phenotype. The standard first-line therapy for this subtype is sequential lines of hormone therapy, including combinations with various targeted drugs (CDK4/6 inhibitors, PI3K, mTOR inhibitors). PARP inhibitors also represent a possible treatment option for metastatic BRCA-associated HER2-negative breast cancer.
We present a clinical case of the successful use of olaparib as 3rd line therapy for a patient with metastatic luminal HER2-negative breast cancer. Using this clinical case as an example, the possible place of various treatment options for metastatic BRCA-associated luminal HER2-negative breast cancer is discussed.
Pengaruh penambahan bahan pengikat yang berbeda terhadap karakteristik fisik dan sensori tablet effervescent Sonneratia caseolaris
Authors: Ratrinia Putri Wening , Sumartini Sumartini , Azka Aulia , Hasibuan Nirmala Efri , Nusaibah Nusaibah , Triyastuti Meilya Suzan
Published: November 2024

Sonneratia caseolaris dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai minuman fungsional dalam bentuk tablet effervescent. Tablet effervescent merupakan minuman dalam sediaan tablet yang larut dalam air menghasilkan gelembung dan berkarbonasi serta memiliki manfaat untuk kesehatan tubuh. Bahan pengikat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas serta menjaga kestabilan sediaan tablet effervescent. Bahan pengikat berfungsi untuk menyatukan bahan-bahan menjadi satu kesatuan tablet yang kohesif sehingga bahan aktif yang terkandung di dalam effervescent terdistribusi secara merata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan bahan pengikat terbaik berdasarkan karakteristik fisik dan sensori tablet effervescent yang dihasilkan. Pembuatan tablet effervescent diawali dengan pencampuran filtrat S. caseolaris dengan bahan pengikat yang berbeda masing-masing konsentrasi 2,5%, yaitu polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP), gelatin, pulvis gummi arabicum (PGA), dan maltodekstrin. Hasil campuran dikeringkan menggunakan spray dryer. Padatan hasil pencampuran diformulasikan sesuai bahan pembuatan tablet effervescent. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi keseragaman bobot, kekerasan tablet, warna, kelarutan, waktu larut, kadar air, dan sensori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bahan pengikat yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap keseragaman bobot, kekerasan tablet, warna, kelarutan, waktu larut, dan kadar air. Penambahan gelatin 2,5% merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan karakteristik kekerasan 4,86 kg/cm2, kelarutan 98,32%, waktu larut <70 detik dan kadar air 2,15% telah memenuhi standar dari Farmakope Indonesia. Hasil penilaian sensori berdasarkan ketampakan, aroma, warna, rasa, dan keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan tablet effervescent sangat disukai oleh panelis.
Kelâm, Keleci ve Söz Arasında Yunus Emre
Authors: Yalap Hakan
Published: November 2024

Yunus Emre, bir mutasavvıf olarak klasik Türk edebiyatının kuruluş döneminden hemen önce varlık göstermiştir. Yunus Emre’nin dili muhataplarınca benzersiz olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Onun benzersiz şiir dili Yunus’un yaratılıştan getirdiği şâirliği ile dilin inceliklerini iyi bilip kullanmasının eseridir. Bunun yanında Yunus Emre’nin temsilcisi olduğu tasavvuf felsefesi, şâirin dil dünyasını da şekillendirmiştir. Türk tasavvuf edebiyatı ve bu edebiyatın mutasavvıf kişilikleri, her dönemde hem biyografileriyle hem de eserleriyle dikkat çekmişlerdir. Türk tasavvuf geleneği “Nefsini bilen Rabbini bilir!” temel ilkesi üzerine kuruludur. Gizli bir hazine olan yaratıcı, bilinmeyi istemiş ve âlemi-âdemi yaratmıştır. Buradan itibaren ruh sahibi insanoğlu için kopup geldiği parçayı arama gayreti, büyük bir hikmetli arayışa dönmüştür. Böyle girift bir arayışın şiir vasıtasıyla dile getirilmesinde ise kelimelerin rolü büyük önem taşır. Çünkü hem edebiyat araştırıcısı hem de amatör okuyucular ister istemez şâirin kullandığı kelime üzerinden onun duygu dünyasına girmeye çalışırlar. Baştan sona kadar istiareler ve metaforlarla örülü bu edebiyatın ediplerinin aslında ne anlatmak istedikleri üzerine çok fazla inceleme yapılmıştır. Bu sembol diliyle örülü metinlerin çözümünde birincil öncelik kelime anlamlarının çözümü olmalıdır. Her ne kadar kelimelerin bir sözlük anlamı olsa da kelimeyi kullananın kastettiği anlam ve muhatabın kullanılan kelimeye yüklediği anlam farklı olabilir. Özellikle klasik Türk edebiyatı ediplerinin eserlerini verdikleri dönemde kullandıkları kelimelere yüklenilen anlamla edebiyat araştırmacısının yaşadığı dönemde aynı kelimeye verilen anlamın aynı olamayabileceği bilinmelidir. Bu makalede Yunus Emre Dîvânı’ndan hareketle şâirin dilindeki “kelâm, keleci ve söz” kelimelerinin anlam evreni incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
ROADMAP TECNOLÓGICO DO PROCESSAMENTO E APLICAÇÕES DO CAFÉ
Authors: Pimentel Uilla
Published: November 2024

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Consumers of this beverage are looking for quality products and services. Therefore, coffee processing has been improving. In order to understand the technologies related to the processing of coffee beans and their applications, a Technological Map of Coffee was prepared. Initially, companies that operate in the coffee trade (beans, powder, capsules and soluble) and companies that sell processing equipment were verified. According to short and medium-term information, it was possible to indicate that large companies in the coffee sector dominate the market for capsules. Another piece of information found was the tendency to use coffee for human health, such as weight loss (green coffee) and its antioxidant activity. Finally, several articles in the area of ​​reuse were found, advocating interest in the life cycle of products and their versatility
Gender Differences in the Use of Storytelling, Analogy, and Metaphor to Promote Empathy among Science Graduate Students
Authors: Luo Lan , Xing Qingqing
Published: November 2024

Although extensive research has emphasized gender differences in empathy, the results have been mixed, and there is limited understanding of how these differences are reflected in students’ empathetic awareness within their research contexts. To fill in the gap, we apply narrative pedagogy using storytelling, analogies, and metaphors in a design thinking course for 236 science master students at China’s first interdisciplinary research university, and examine its effect on their empathy awareness in multi-modal presentation works through sentiment discourse analysis. Using Natural Language Process method with a Naive Bayes Classifier, we then conducted a discourse analysis of the 3 sequential multi-modal tasks and found that male students tended to use more words in the 3-minute video report than female students. Different from the previous research, there was hardly any marginal difference detected between male and female students in terms of emotional awareness. Both female and male students showed similar levels of emotional expression before empathy training, and both genders showed significant improvement after training. These results provide new insights into gender differences in empathy awareness among research students and highlight the effectiveness of innovative pedagogical approaches to promote empathy.
Exploring the Path of Teacher Dominance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Li Rui , Fu Dan
Published: November 2024

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has had a profound impact on all aspects of human society. The digital transformation and upgrading of artificial intelligence have promoted profound changes in the education system. As the leader of school education activities, teachers should actively play their leading role in the era of artificial intelligence. Based on the background of the era of artificial intelligence, starting from the dilemma faced by teachers’ professional development in reality, the paper analyzes the path of teachers’ leading role in the era of artificial intelligence, and proposes to adhere to man-machine collaboration and strengthen the cultivation of artificial intelligence literacy, strengthen teachers’ subjectivity and show humanistic care, realize the role transformation and establish the educational concept of lifelong learning.
How to Enhance the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Tutorial System in the Digital Era
Authors: Zhang Yan , Jiang Jianmei , Ling Kangmei , Huang Jia-Hui
Published: November 2024

Faculty-mentored research experiences under tutorial system are acknowledged as a critical way in cultivating university students’ comprehensive skills, especially the research capabilities and application of scientific English. However, the implementation effect of current undergraduate tutorial system in domestic universities is disappointing. The primary objective of this research is twofold: to investigate the problems of the current tutorial system used in domestic universities; and to design the reform scheme that overcomes these problems efficiently and effectively. We design a questionnaire with multiple-choice questions and open questions, which is administered to freshmen, sophomores, junior, and senior students in G University. We also collect data from faculty members and administrative officers. Based on the feedback from students and staff, we identify the problems of the current tutorial system, the concerns of students, and the expected guidance from tutors. We notice that different mentoring strategies should be applied to students in different university years. Under the instruction of Chinese-style education modernization, we propose a technology-enhanced tutorial system reform scheme. It is generally known that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to address all practice issues for all universities. With this in mind, we further discuss the adjustment strategy in response to technological advances and diversified running objectives.
Determination of the elastic-damping characteristics of the vent-relief valve
Authors: Prokof'ev Andrey B. , Makar'yants Georgiy M. , Stadnik Dmitriy Mikhaylovich , Balyaba Maksim V. , Kosov German A.
Published: November 2024

Valve devices are the main elements determining the reliability of pneumatic and gas systems. One of the main disadvantages of valve devices is their operation in an oscillatory mode, which occurs due to the instability of the system with the valve. To evaluate stability, linearized mathematical models with constant coefficients are used. In this paper, it is shown that for a relief valve maintaining pressure in the tank, the values of these coefficients are not constant and depend on the operating mode of the valve - the height of its lift. For these purposes, a mathematical model in lumped parameters of the "valve - tank" system is developed. The model takes into account that when leaving through the valve shatter, part of the gas follows the poppet. Mathematical modeling shows that such hydrodynamic interaction of the valve shatter and gas flow leads to additional negative components of general damping and elasticity in the equilibrium equation of the poppet, the values of which are proportional to the valve lift. This indicates that the coefficients of the poppet equilibrium equation during valve lift can become negative when the valve moves away from the sealing element, which ensures its instability and operation in an oscillatory mode. The obtained dependencies for the elastic-damping properties of the valve are confirmed experimentally.
Application of the equivalent source method for numerical simulation of hydrodynamic noise of elastic bodies
Authors: Balakireva Nadezhda V. , Zaytseva Svetlana G.
Published: November 2024

The paper presents a novel approach to predicting the emission characteristics of hydrodynamic edge noise, which occurs when elastic bodies move in turbulent flow. The solution is based on the decomposition of the computational domain and replacing it with a set of segments. Each such subdomain determines the corresponding energy contribution of hydrodynamic noise sources to the total sound field of a streamlined body. The statistical independence of the processes of the selected regions allows us to give a simplified representation of the radiation flowing around the body in the form of a sound propagation process from a finite number of point sources. The purpose of the report is to cross-verify the method on the model problem of profile flow by a liquid flow. The average error of the method relative to the associated calculation "hydrodynamics-acoustics" is no more than 3dB in the range up to 1500 Hz.
Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams with Inadequate Torsion Steel under Pure Torsion
Authors: Tetik Yılmaz Öğünç , Kaya Osman
Published: November 2024

To investigate the relationship between reinforced concrete beams under pure torsion and steel fiber usage, 16 large-scaled reinforced concrete beams with inadequate torsion steel were designed and produced. For experiments, a new test setup was designed to allow specimens to have rotational movement on one end and axial movement on the other end. The variables were selected as 300 and 400 mm spacings of transverse reinforcements and 0.0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5% by volume of the mixture as steel fiber ratios. Cracking torque, maximum torque and ultimate torque values were obtained experimentally, and torque-twist curves and energy dissipation capacities were determined. Findings were compared to indicate the relationship between variables. Results showed that certain values of steel fiber ratio as a replacement material for relevant spacing of transverse reinforcements.
Transtheoretical Model-based Interventions are Effective in Promoting Healthy Behaviors Related to Modifiable Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: El-Sobkey Salwa B. , Fouda Bassem M. , Ahmed Radwa S. , El-Sayed Dalia G.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart diseases, type II diabetes mellitus, cancers, and stroke represent significant public health challenges globally. Modifiable risk factors, including insufficient physical activity (PA), overweight or obesity, and smoking, contribute significantly to the prevalence of these diseases. The transtheoretical model (TTM) offers a structured approach to behavior change, identifying stages of readiness and change processes. This systematic review (SR) aims to evaluate the effectiveness of TTM-based interventions in promoting healthy behaviors to mitigate these risk factors.
Methods: This systematic review addresses the PICO question: In adults aged 18 years and older with modifiable risk behaviors related to NCDs, how effective are TTM-based interventions compared to standard care in increasing physical activity levels (PAL), reducing weight or body mass index, improving dietary habits, and promoting smoking cessation (SC)? A comprehensive search of predetermined databases was conducted using nine research strings, adhering to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. A six-stage process was employed to select studies for inclusion, followed by data extraction and narrative synthesis to identify relevant patterns, trends, and associations.
Results: Of the 259 articles retrieved, eight met the inclusion criteria. Baseline assessments determined participants’ readiness for change. TTM-based interventions included feedback or counseling sessions, feedback materials, and reports delivered in-person, online, and by telephone. Follow-up durations varied from 2 weeks to 2 years. Five out of six studies supported the effectiveness of TTM-based interventions in enhancing PAL. Four out of five studies demonstrated their efficacy in weight management and improving dietary habits. However, only two out of five studies confirmed their effectiveness in SC.
Discussion: The findings indicate that TTM-based interventions are promising for improving PAL and, to a lesser extent, for managing weight and promoting healthy dietary behaviors. The limited effectiveness observed in SC interventions suggest a need for further research and possibly tailored strategies within this context.
Conclusion: TTM-based interventions effectively promote PA and weight management, with moderate success in improving dietary habits. However, their effectiveness in SC remains inconclusive, highlighting the necessity for further investigation and potential refinement of intervention strategies.
Aortic Dissection that Presented to a Tertiary Hospital’s ED in Dubai, UAE: A Descriptive Study with Literature Review
Authors: Kambal Ivyan , AlHamadani Esra , Zia Sania , Aboelkher Rand , AlNajjar Firas
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition, with a high mortality rate. It can be classified into Stanford type A or type B. This study reports the clinical presentation, risk factors, systolic blood pressure, and the mortality rate of patients with confirmed aortic dissection on computed tomography (CT) imaging. Mortality rate on weekends, weekdays, daytime, and night-time were also reported.
Methods: A retrospective review of electronic health records of all patients requiring CT aortogram in the emergency department (ED) between 2013 and 2022 were examined. Patients with confirmed acute aortic dissection on CT were included. Presenting symptoms, demographics, and mortality rate were described and reported for type A and type B aortic dissection.
Results: Of 315 patients, 65 had confirmed acute aortic dissection on CT imaging. The mean age at presentation was 50.6 years and the majority of the cohort were male (83%). Chest pain was the most common symptom (43%). A history of hypertension was present in 65% of the subjects. D-dimer was elevated in 95% of the patients. The overall in-hospital mortality was 18.5%, with a mortality rate of 40% in type A aortic dissection.
Conclusion: Aortic dissection can occur with various symptoms, and therefore, requires a high index of suspicion. Chest X-ray has a low sensitivity in detecting aortic dissection and should not be used to rule out aortic dissection. D-dimer can be used as a diagnostic assay in ruling out aortic dissection. Type A aortic dissection has the highest mortality rate and hence necessitates prompt intervention.
Elevated Seminal Plasma TLR-2 Levels are Associated with Leukocytospermia
Authors: Al-Maliki Rehab Sh.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Leukocytospermia is associated with male infertility, but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between seminal plasma toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and leukocytospermia in infertile Iraqi men, and to evaluate their potential as differential biomarkers.
Methods: Eighty infertile men attending an infertility clinic in Iraq were enrolled. Semen analysis was performed according to WHO 2010 criteria. TLR-2 and PGE2 levels in seminal plasma were quantified using ELISA. Participants were categorized based on leukocytospermia status, varicocele presence, and smoking habits. Statistical analyses included correlation tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Results: Seminal plasma TLR-2 levels were significantly higher in leukocytospermic patients compared to non-leukocytospermic men (15.14 ± 1.06 vs. 9.27 ± 1.42 ng/mL, p < 0.05). TLR-2 levels showed strong negative correlations with sperm concentration (r = -0.675), total sperm count (r = -0.673), progressive motility (r = -0.669), and normal morphology (r = -0.616) (all p < 0.001). Positive correlations were observed between TLR-2 and round cell concentration (r = 0.684) and white blood cell count (r = 0.668) (both p < 0.001). Smoking and varicocele did not significantly influence TLR-2 levels. ROC analysis revealed high diagnostic accuracy for TLR-2 in identifying leukocytospermia (AUC = 0.993, p < 0.05). In contrast, PGE2 levels showed no significant differences or correlations with semen parameters.
Discussion: The elevated TLR-2 levels in leukocytospermic samples and strong correlations with semen parameters suggest a potential role for TLR-2 in inflammationrelated male infertility. The persistence of this association regardless of smoking status or varicocele presence further supports TLR-2’s specificity as a biomarker for leukocytospermia.
Conclusion: Elevated seminal plasma TLR-2 levels are associated with leukocytospermia and poor semen parameters in infertile Iraqi men. TLR-2 shows promise as a differential biomarker for male infertility, particularly in cases of leukocytospermia.
Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Its Progression in Dialysis Patients in West Delhi Centre: A Prospective Study
Authors: Khattar Deepshikha
Published: November 2024

Background: There is a high prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition in patients with chronic renal failure who are undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Apart from this the pathogenic mechanisms of malnutrition are complex and involve an interplay of multiple pathophysiologic alterations including decreased appetite, decreased nutrient intake and dialysis related abnormalities.
Methods: The study subjects were patients of CKD 5 (MHD) of age 18 to 60 years enrolled from Anjuman Medical centre in West Delhi. Total 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females) were enrolled from Dialysis centre and their basic demographic profile socio economic status, dietary habits and physical activity details were recorded. Dietary nutrient (calories, protein, fats, carbohydrates, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and fluid) was calculated by Diet Cal version 10.0 software using a 3-day dietary recall and analysed was done using SPSS software version 21.0. Nutritional status were measured at baseline , 2 months and 3 months. Knowledge, Attitude, practice and Quality of life also recorded at 1 month and at 3 months after nutritional counselling. 
Results: The average BMI, weight, and height of males were (24.2 kg/m2, 67.6 kg, and 166 cm) and females were (22.2 kg/m2, 54.8 kg, and 158 cm) respectively. Blood pressure was 129±13 systolic and 79±10 mmHg diastolic. 23.3% had pallor, and 60% of patients were moderate and 33.3% were severely malnutrition. Handgrip was 21.7±6.9 kg. Protein intake changed from 52±15.9 to 73.2±11.4 in males and 47.8±50.4 to 57.0±13.7g in females after three months of the study. And energy improved from 1477±333 to 2253±494 in males and 1201±255 to 2106±346 kcal in females. Similarly, fat and phosphorus intake improved from 49.2±37.9 to 56.5±17.9 (p>0.080) and 728.9±287.7 to 1160.0±290.1 (p>0.000) respectively. While KAP was (8.5±2.0, 75.3±10.6 and 25.8±2.3) respectively and QoL also improved from 27.0±4.0 to 30.9±2.7 after 3 months of the study. 
Conclusion: After 3 months of study, QoL and KAP significantly improved. Further, there were significant changes in intake of energy, protein and phosphorus in all dialysis patients. In nutritional status weight, MUAC and handgrip showed significant increase result. Blood pressure, pallor and MIS score also improved.