bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Size distribution and feeding ecology of an Endemic Celebes Rainbowfish Marosatherina ladigesi Ahl, 1936 in Batu Puteh River, South Sulawesi
Authors: Nasyrah Adiara Firdhita Alam , Nur Muhammad , Simanjuntak Charles P.H , Ihsan Muhammad Nur , Fachry Mardiana Ethrawaty
Published: November 2024

Marosatherina ladigesi is one of the endemic-ishes in South Sulawesi traded as an ornamental-ish. Anthropogenic activities such as destructive-ishing and habitat degradation caused by sand dredging have caused M. ladigesi to be listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of threatened species. Conservation efforts are urgently needed to maintain this species in its native habitat. This study aimed to-ill gaps in data on size distribution and feeding ecology. Sampling was conducted monthly from May 2018 to April 2019 in the Batu Puteh River, South Sulawesi. Specimens were caught with a seine net (5 m long, 2 m wide, and 1 mm mesh size). All 235 M. ladigesi caught were collected and transported to the Macro Biology Laboratory I, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University for analysis. The size structure of-ish is 22.5 - 56.2 mm and on average male M. ladigesi were longer than females. The diet of M. ladigesi in the Batu Puteh River comprised insect larvae, mollusks, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. The most abundant prey item was insect larvae. M. ladigesi was therefore categorized as a predatory-ish. This generalist feeding strategy enables M. ladigesi to take adcantage of the available food organisms. These-indings can be used to prepare a food formulation for M. ladigesi in captivity that resembles their diet in the wild.
Coral reef condition at different trophic status in marginal waters of Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Irwan  , Rani Chair , Jompa Jamaluddin , Kadir Nadiarti Nurdin
Published: November 2024

Coral reef ecosystems are best suited to live in clear water conditions and oligotrophic trophic status, but marginal waters with high trophic levels in Bone Bay also have coral reef ecosystems living in them. This study was conducted in August 2023 with the aim of determining the percentage of live coral cover and its condition at different trophic status in marginal waters. Based on the processing of water quality data at 16 observation stations using the TRIX Index, four categories of water trophic status were identified, namely very high (hypertrophic), high (eutrophic), medium (mesotrophic), and low (oligotrophic) categories. Water conditions in areas close to the coastline have a higher trophic status compared to distant areas. The percentage of hard coral cover in eutrophic waters is 59.08%, in mesotrophic waters 63.63% and oligotrophic waters 43.15%. Based on PCA analysis, environmental conditions that correlate with hard corals are temperature, chlorophyll-a, TSS, pH, phosphate, nitrate and turbidity. It is anticipated that the results of this study can be a consideration for coastal area managers to protect coral reefs in marginal waters as the world’s future reef area.
The Investigation of the Ipomea pes-caprae Leaf Extract as Antimicrobial of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Umar Widyastuti , Nufus Hayatun , Fadly Shafira Ananda Widya , Syafitri Rina , Zuriat
Published: November 2024

One of the health issues confronting Indonesia, particularly Aceh Province, is infectious disease. A contributing factor to the infection is the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. A frequent species on the beach of South Aceh. Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Sweet (Convolvulaceae) is considered a possible source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this research is to evaluate I. pes-caprae with S. aureus microorganisms. Disk diffusion agar methods can be used to test antibacterial activity. The positive control in this study was ampicillin, whereas the negative control was aquadest. S. aureus was used to test both the experimental and control groups; the experimental group’s treatments were carried out three times. The biggest inhibitory zone of I. pes-caprae was discovered in ethyl acetate extract with a 100% concentration level (15.8 mm), followed by 80% concentration (12.5 mm), 60% (8.63 mm), 40% (2.3 mm), 20% (0 mm), and 10% concentration (2.2 mm). Also, at 80% concentration (11.4 mm), aqueous extract had a considerable inhibitory effect, whereas methanol extract had no inhibitory activity at any concentration level. It appears that ethyl acetate extract has the greatest ability to combat S. aureus bacteria.
The study of potential bioactive compound of Enhalus acoroides (L.F) royle as antioxidant agent from Pabisi Island, Indonesia
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Rani Chair , Zuriat  , Umar Widyastuti , Syafitri Rina
Published: November 2024

Enhalus acoroides (L.f.), The family Hydrocharitaceae contains the monotypic marine genus Enhalus, Royle, which is widely spread in the intertidal zone of Pabisi Island, Indonesia. The local people have long used E. acoroides for baking and pharmaceutical products. The aim of this study is to identify potential antioxidant compound of E. acoroides from Pabisi Island, Indonesia. The sample of E. acoroides was gathered from Pabisi Island, Indonesia. The research methodologies used in these studies include phytochemical analysis and antioxidant tests. The research result showed the highest yield from n-hexane extracts as much as 1.39%. The lowest yield from ethanol extract as much as 0.470%. The phytochemical study revealed triterpenoid and phenol components. The ethanol extract had an antioxidant activity of 65.40 µmol trolox/g. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extract yielded 21.41 µmol trolox/g extract, while the n-hexane extract produced 22.11 µmol trolox/g. FRAP analysis shows ethanol extract (679.50 µmol trolox/g extract), ethyl acetate (589.50 µmol trolox/g extract), and n-hexane extract (346.50 µmol trolox/g extract). Thus, the identiWication of bioactive compounds plays a vital function in nature.
Mud crabs (Scylla olivacea) fattening in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) using vertical gallons crab house with different feed types
Authors: Usman Zainal , Alauddin Muhammad Hery Riyadi , Anton  , Yunarty  , Ihwan  , Syahrir Muhammad , Budiyati  , Supryady  , Leilani Ani , Saridu Siti Aisyah , Wahid Eriyanti , Renitasari Diana Putri , Rasnijal Muhammad , Hardianto Toto , Regan Yip , Kurniaji Ardana
Published: November 2024

Long maintenance periods, availability of cultivation containers, and water quality management are generally issues in mud crab (Scylla olivacea) aquaculture. Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) technology can be chosen as a solution to these problems. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of different feed types on the growth and survival of mud crabs reared using RAS. The RAS design utilizes small water gallons (20 L volume) as crab house arranged vertical on iron racks and connected with gravity-fed water systems. The water filter consists of charcoal, coral stone, sand, and seaweed (Gracillaria verrucose) installed at the bottom of the rack. The filtered water was pumped to the topmost part of the water gallon using a pump. The feed treatments consist of (A) beef liver, (B) tilapia fish, (C) squid, (D) clam meat. The results show that different feed types do not significantly (P<0.05) affect the growth and survival of both male and female mud crabs. Over a period of 14 days, the weight gain of crabs in all treatments ranged from 7.08 to 11.15 g for males and 7.61 to 9.91 g for females. Survival rates ranged between 65% and 80% for males and between 85% and 95% for females. Water quality during the rearing period was at a temperature of 26-31°C, pH of 6.33-7.87, and salinity of 15-31 ppt. RAS in this study can be used for the short-term cultivation of mud crabs in limited space with optimal water quality.
Water quality assessment and pollution status analysis in Toro Rivers, Bone Regency
Authors: Anton  , Ihwan  , Syahrir Muhammad , Yunarty  , Renitasari Diana Putri , Kurniaji Ardana
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to assess the water quality in Toro River and to analyze the status of pollution using the Storet method according to the regulation on quality standards in Minister of Environment Decree number 115 of 2003 and the quality standards of Minister of Environment Decree No. 179 of 2004. The research was carried out for 3 months from September to November 2022, in the Toro River, Toro Village, Bone Regency. Data was taken directly in the field consisting of water samples at 10 stations and soil sediments at 5 stations randomly. The results showed that the range of water quality parameter values observed were Ammonia 0.12-0.31 mg/L, Phosphate 0.0021-0.0082 mg/L, Nitrate 0.16-2.41 mg/L, Nitrite 0.0055-0.018 mg/L, Cd 0.001-0.013 mg/L, Pb 0 mg/L, Temperature 32.1-34.4°C, DO 2.48-8.14 mg/L, pH 6.33-8.14, salinity 3-25 ‰, BOD 2-5.12, COD 6.96-81.69 mg/L, TOM 14.26-46.79 mg/L. Based on a comparison of data per parameter with water quality standards from Minister of Environment Decree number 179 of 2004, it shows that the Nitrate and Cadmium (Cd) parameters have exceeded the water quality standard thresholds. Based on the analysis of the Storet value system, it was known that the waters of the Toro River are included in the class C category, namely moderately polluted with a score of-28. Pollution control in the Toro River needs to be done in order to maintain environmental conditions that are not polluted.
Applications of microalgae for bacterial disease prevention on tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in the hatchery
Authors: Nurbaya N , Kadriah IA K , Nurhidayah N , Susianingsih E , Tampangallo B R , Rosmiati R
Published: November 2024

Vibriosis, White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Monodon Baculo Virus (MBV) cause up to 100% of shrimp mortality. This study aims to explore the microalgae used to avoid bacterial diseases in tiger shrimp. Using three treatments, the study used whole cells and microalgae extract from Phaedactylum tricornutum. Each treatment has three replications: A) control without the addition of microalgae, B) addition of whole microalgae cells, and C) addition of microalgae extract. Rearing of larvae was carried out for 19 days until postlarval 12. Microalgae were applied on the larvae in the phases of Zoea2, Zoea3, and Mysis2 to PL 10, with the density of whole cell microalgae and extracts 104-106 cells / mL. The parameters measured were the microalgae density and Vibrio bacteria on rearing media. Bacterial density and water quality were observed at each larval phase change. The results showed that administering P. tricornutum, whole cells, and extracts can suppress the Vibrio population and Total Vibrio Bacteria (TBV) / Total Plate Count (TPC) ratio. The bacterial population in the larvae-rearing water was lower than the control, and tiger shrimp survival was higher with the application of P. tricornutum.
Application of organic fertilizer originated from shrimp pond solid waste using different bioactivators in milkfish nursery Chanos chanos (Forsskal. 1775)
Authors: Suwoyo Hidayat Suryanto , Utama Unggul Adi , Yanto Subari , Mustarin Amirah , Makmur  , Suwardi  , Sahrijanna Andi
Published: November 2024

Pond sediment was rich in nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, organic matter, and other macro and micronutrients. The composting method can convert pond solid waste into organic fertilizer. This study aimed to assess the impact of applying organic fertilizer derived from solid waste from shrimp ponds, using various bio activators, on the growth and survival of milkfish in nurseries Chanos chanos (Forsskal. 1775). The study utilized a completely randomized design (CRD) comprising of five treatments, with each treatment being replicated three times. The treatment combination consists of an organic fertilizer made of 2.000 kg/ha of pond solid waste, 200 kg/ha of Urea, and 100 kg/ha of SP-36. using four different bioactivators: BIOTAN-28 (A), TR-04 (B), EM-4 (C), ISO (D), and organic fertilizer without bioactivator as control (E). Milkfish was reared in 30 days. The variables under observation included the plankton’s composition and abundance, the growth and survival rate of milkfish, and water quality. The study’s findings demonstrated that utilizing organic fertilizer obtained from shrimp pond solid waste, in conjunction with the application of ISO bioactivator, provided better growth of natural feed, weight growth, and survival rate of milkfish compared to the control. There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the growth and survival rate of milkfish across the treatments. The milkfish growth ranged from 0.35-0.69 g/ind, with a survival rate ranging from 93.33-98.89%. The study determined that the water quality is suitable for the growth and survival rate of juvenile milkfish.
The effectiveness of using blue underwater light emitting diode (U-LED) on fixed lift net in Pangkep waters
Authors: Amir M I , Kurnia M , Hajar M A I , Jaya I , Rais M , Hajar M I
Published: November 2024

Fixed lift net is a traditional fishing gear that is still widely operated by Indonesian fishermen, especially in Pangkep waters, South Sulawesi Province. In the operational process, this fishing gear needs lights as a technological tool to attract the fish to enter the catchable area. The use of conventional types of lamps by fishermen is considered ineffective and inefficient. This research applies Underwater Light-Emitting Diode (U-LED) which are known to be more energy efficient and long-lasting, thereby minimizing operational costs. This research aims to analyze the catch composition of fish caught and the effectiveness of using blue U-LED (105-watts) as a fishing aid in its application on the fixed lift net. The results show that the use of blue U-LED has a 100% effectiveness rate in attracting sardines to enter the catchable area, followed by 49% for squids, 33.5% for yellowtail scads, 27.9% for common ponyfish, and 22.4% for indian anchovies. The composition of fish species caught was sardine (31%), squid (15%), yellowtail scad (10%), common ponyfish (9%), and indian anchovy (7%).
Prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites on farmed Tilapia in Sarawak Region, Malaysia, and their relationship with the water quality status
Authors: Baharudin Salwati , Harun Arif Azizi Che , Zakariah Mohd Ihwan , Wahab Wahidah , Alam Jamaluddin Fitrah
Published: November 2024

This study shows recent infestations of ectoparasites on farmed tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) from the Sarawak region, Malaysia, and their relationships with the water quality in the area. The prevalence and mean intensity were investigated for a total of 120 tilapia obtained from four distinct farms in 2022 and 2023. The entire tilapia specimens were infected with at least one ectoparasite species, showing a 100% prevalence rate of ectoparasite infestation. Six species of protozoans (Trichodina sp., Ichthyopthirius multifiliis, Ichthyobodo sp., Oodonium sp., Epistylis sp., and Ciliates sp.) and two species of monogeneans (Dactylogyrus sp. and Gyrodactylus sp.) were observed. The most intense ectoparasites recorded were Ciliates sp., Trichodina sp., and Dactylogyrus sp. Trichodina sp. and Dactylogyrus sp. were recorded higher in tilapia collected from Kuching district, while Ciliates sp. infected the tilapia from Miri district the most. The lowest intensity rates were recorded for Ichthyobodo sp. and Oodinium sp., where Ichthyobodo sp. was only observed on tilapia from Mukah district while Oodinium sp. was only recorded in fish from Miri district. The highest rates of infestation prevalence and intensities of ectoparasites were shown in the station containing highest concentrations of phosphate (PO4
3-), total ammonia nitrogen (NH3
−N), and nitrite (NO2
−). The results also demonstrated high ectoparasites infestation on the samples obtained from the pond with high temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH readings. These conclude the positive relationship of the prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites infestations with the water quality of the water body. The information provided might be useful to the fish farmers in understanding the dynamics of tilapia parasites in the relevant area.
The effect of natural feed, artemia, on the growth of Tiger shrimp post larvae
Authors: Nawang A , Haryati  , Laining A , Tenriulo A , Parenrengi A
Published: November 2024

Providing sufficient feed and in accordance with nutrient requirements are required to support the growth of shrimp post larvae. This study aimed to evaluate the growth response of tiger shrimp post larvae fed with natural food of Artemia sp. The PL1 tiger shrimp post larvae test animal at the beginning, with a density of 30 individuals/liter, was maintained until PL12. Using a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications, i.e., Artemia sp Instar I (treatment A), Artemia sp instar II (treatment B), and a combination of 50% treatments A and 50% treatmens B (treatment C). It showed that treatment A resulted in the best relative length growth rate (7.68%±0.38) and was significantly different from treatment B (6.52%±0.64) and had no significant effect from treatment C (6.88%±0.50). The relative growth rates (RGR) in treatments A, B and C were 44.27%±4.29, 39.58%±4.50 and 38.54%±9.99 respectively and had no significant effect. The use of Artemia sp. instar I and a combination of both provided the best relative length growth compared to the use of Artemia sp instar II, with natural feed consumption levels reaching 95.3% and 94.7%, respectively.
Mangrove rehabilitation opportunity analysis in Indragiri Hilir mangrove silviculture landscape, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Massa Yusran Nurdin , Idrus Muhammad Rijal , Saru Amran
Published: November 2024

Indonesia has targeted 600,000 hectares for mangrove rehabilitation but faces the global challenge of low rehabilitation success rates due to site unsuitability. This study examines mangrove rehabilitation opportunities in Indragiri Hilir, which are degraded due to logging, land use change, and increased salinization due to climate change. Geospatial analysis was used to identify potential areas using data on mangrove loss and Alooded vegetation, validated by ground truthing. These areas were overlaid with datasets of water occurrence, tidal Alats, and coastlines. Analysis results showed a potential area of 11,178 ha out of 117,400 ha of Indragiri Hilir mangroves, including low density mangrove typologies, open land, eroded mangroves, ponds, and salinized coconut plantations. Ranking of rehabilitation opportunities based on forest status, land use, and mangrove cover. Only 26% of the total potential area was classiAied as high, 69% as medium, and 5% as low. Potential areas are generally located in Other Use Areas in the form of salinized coconut plantations and other land uses (52%), requiring tenure negotiations with the community. Recommended techniques include assisted natural revegetation (ANR), stress removal, and direct planting for low density mangrove and open land typologies; erosion control techniques for eroded mangroves; and minor hydrological rehabilitation for salinized coconut plantations, ponds, and open land. Strategic recommendations are based on stakeholder diagnosis of key success factors. Aspects of motivation and enabling conditions are generally present. Technical knowledge, appropriate technical design, Ainancial incentives and feedbacks are implementation aspects that need intervention to improve the success of rehabilitation efforts.
Relationship between eddy and scads (Decapterus spp.) abundance in the northwest of Banda Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Yuniar Alfira , Zainuddin Mukti , Srioktoviana Siti Khadijah , Mustapha Muzneena Ahmad , Farhum Aisjah , Safruddin
Published: November 2024

Eddy phenomenon is a dynamic feature of the ocean that is known to affect the distribution and abundance of marine species including pelagic fish. Eddy acts as an important physical structure in the oceanic system that affects water temperature, nutrient availability, and primary productivity, thus shaping the distribution of prey organisms and affecting the spatial pattern of Scads (Decapterus spp.). This study aimed to examine the relationship between the abundance of scad fish and the western eddy in the Banda Sea. The data used include current speed and current patterns in March 2022, as well as logbook data on scad fish catches in the same period. The results show that there are 67 eddy events, including 31 cyclonic causes of upwelling and 36 anti-cyclonic eddy, caused downwelling events with current velocities ranging from 0.000610 -0.776512 m/s. Analysis of catch data shows that the highest catch attempt occurred on March 14, 2022, with 43 catch attempts and a total catch of 30,150 kg. Then the relationship analysis based on the eddy phenomenon showed that there was a relationship between eddy and the abundance of Scads (Decapterus spp.) characterized by the distance between the catch point and the navel of the eddy around 83.04 km with a catch production of 1,650 kg and the character indicator of the cyclonic eddy causing upwelling, in other words, upwelling affects the abundance of Scads fish.
Exploring the relationship between salinity front and the distribution and abundance of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the Western Banda Sea, Center of Indonesia Coral Triangle
Authors: Srioktoviana Siti Khadijah , Zainuddin Mukti , Hidayat Rachmat , Yuniar Alfira , Mustapha Muzzneena Ahmad , Farhum St. Aisjah , Safruddin
Published: November 2024

Understanding the relationship between hotspot areas and the distribution and abundance of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the Banda Sea is crucial for effective fisheries management and conservation efforts in the region. This study explored this relationship using a satellite-based analysis approach. We attempted to analyze remote sensing for sea surface temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll-a parameters using catch data in November 2020-2022 with a total of 275 fishing points. The research findings indicate that the total catch weight per vessel falls within the salinity range of 33.8-34 psu, sea surface temperature range 30-31ºC, and chlorophyll-a concentration range 0.08-0.25 mg m−3. Hotspots for Yellowfin Tuna were obtained from the salinity fronts. The distribution of Yellowfin Tuna is mainly found within a distance e of 0-20 km from the salinity front, and this area is an excellent feeding area. These hotspots can serve as indicators of the movement patterns of Yellowfin Tuna. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of Yellowfin Tuna in hotspot areas in the Banda Sea, ultimately contributing to more informed fisheries management strategies and conservation efforts in the region.
Mangrove mapping and carbon stock estimation at Taman Wisata Alam Mangrove, Angke Kapuk, North Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Abdurrahman U , Pratyaksa I F , Nur A A , Jeon C K , Radjawane I M , Park H S
Published: November 2024

Taman Wisata Alam Mangrove (TWAM) is a mangrove conservation area located in North Jakarta, Indonesia, and its existence is very important due to its various ecological benefits that ensure the sustainability of the coastal area. Recently, mangroves have been recognized for their significant carbon sequestration capabilities, thereby contributing significantly to climate change mitigation efforts. This study aims to map mangrove cover, estimate biomass and carbon stock in TWAM mangrove. TWAM mangroves were mapped using consumer-grade drones and freely available satellite imagery. In addition, a high-accuracy positioning is carried out to improve and assess the accuracy of the mangrove cover map. An allometric equation is used to estimate the aboveground biomass which can then be converted into carbon stock. The study results showed that the height of the mangrove canopy in TWAM was 8.77 ± 4.05 m, while mangrove cover showed an increase over the last 10 years with an average rate of about 2.9 ha/year. The mangrove ecosystem at the study site has been estimated to have aboveground biomass and carbon stock of 129.70 tons/ha and 64.85 tons/ha, respectively. The study results show that mangrove cover and its potential carbon stock are increasing, indicating the importance of designated conservation areas in mangrove rehabilitation efforts.
Drone-Based Mapping of Coastal Area in Buleleng, Bali
Authors: Hidayatullah M F , Abdurrahman U , Pratyaksa I F , Jeon C K
Published: November 2024

Buleleng is located in the northern part of the island of Bali Island, which is acknowledged for its marine tourism, dolphin habitat and black sand. Drone utilization for mapping is effective and efficient for observing, investigating, and monitoring coastal areas with a high resolution and accuracy. A total of 37 mapping flight missions with consumer grade drones were carried out on October 6 – 9, 2022 covered 13.67 km of the coastal area of Lovina, Buleleng and its surroundings. High accuracy positioning is also used to improve the mapping accuracy up to 1.09 m. The aerial map covers approximately 952.77 ha with shallow water benthic coverage of 247.12 ha. This study obtained benthic characteristics of coastal benthic habitat which can be observed at a depth of 5 m. The results of the classification of aerial photos by visual interpretation showed that various classes of objects were fulfilled by various communities such as coral reefs and seagrass. In addition, artificial coral reef plantations by the Indonesia Coral Reef Garden (ICRG) activity and sea turtles were found in drone-based mapping.
The comparison of satellite image, UAV and geotagging photos for recognizing seagrass
Authors: Selamat Muhammad Banda , Ambo-Rappe Rohani , Agung Pratama A. M.
Published: November 2024

Seagrass beds are plant communities that have adapted to the depths of shallow seawater near the coast. These communities play a signi:icant role in the global carbon cycle, making it essential to monitor their existence. This research aims to visually compare seagrass recognition from three mapping technologies to determine their existence at the previous restoration site. We used uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV) or drone photos taken in shallow water near Badi Island and processed them using photogrammetric software. This process created a cloud of pixels in virtual 3D space, providing a topographic map of the study area. Orthomosaic maps using stitching techniques were created, displaying shallow water landforms near the coast and various substrates. Many geotagged photos were collected at the study site. The elapse time technique, which involves taking photographs at regular intervals, was used to photograph benthic substrates at 5-second intervals following the bathymetric tracking lane, a predetermined path for underwater vehicles. The images were then geotagged using a time reference from a simultaneously operating mapsonder GNSS. This study result shows that drone orthomosaic maps and Sentinel 2 images have advantages in generating synoptic information, but the spatial resolution of drone orthomosaic photos surpasses Sentinel 2 images. Regarding detailed recognition of seagrass objects, photo geotagged techniques surpass orthomosaic drone maps and Sentinel 2 Natural Composite Color imagery. The appropriate altitude of drone photo for detail seagrass recognition was approximately 5 m or at GSD less than 10 mm/pixel. This study indicates that geotagging techniques should be used with drone mapping technology when seagrass restoration sites require preliminary information on existing species.
Antioxidant Activity and Consumer Acceptance Level of Lemon-Flavored Instant Drink Enriched with Sargassum muticum Extract
Authors: Selviani  , Husni Amir
Published: November 2024

An instant drink ofSargassum muticumethanolic extract with lemon flavor was made from seaweeds that were processed into powder and subjected to drying, extraction, co-crystallization, and powder sieving. The objective of this study was to produce a formula for the seaweed instant drink, which has a high antioxidant activity and is preferred by consumers. The formulas that was used in this study were sugar, lemon extract, and ethanolic extract ofS. muticum. The composition of formula including control/formula 1 (30:20:0), formula 2 (30:19:1), formula 3 (30:18:2), formula 4 (30:17:3), formula 5 (30:16:04), and formula 6 (30:15:5). The results showed that the instant drink contained antioxidant activity of 19.47 - 54.29%, total phenol of 5.09 - 10.21 mg GAE/g, total sugar of 52.12 - 60.62%, water levels of 1.55 - 2.05%, ash levels of 0.54-6.53% and the value of hedonic color 2,46-3,80 (do not like - like); hedonic flavor 1.44-3.51 (very do not like - like); and hedonic taste 2.33-3.76 (do not like - like).
Quality of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) caught using pole and line redesign vessel
Authors: Amir N , Farhum A , Baso S , Novita Y
Published: November 2024

The pole and line vessel is one of the fishing vessels in the waters of Bone Bay which contributes more than 50% of the production of tuna in South Sulawesi, and has a special shape with a flying deck and live bait hatches. Generally, pole and line vessels in South Sulawesi do not have catch hatches. The catch is placed on the deck without proper handling, so that the quality of the caught fish quickly decreases, results in low fish prices. This study aims to determine the quality of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) caught using a pole and line redesign vessel. The research was conducted on pole and line vessel operating in Bone Bay, Luwu Regency. Determination of vessels and sampling of skipjack tuna using accidental sampling technique. The samples were fish placed on deck and fish in the redesigned pole and line vessel holds. Parameters were organoleptic, Total Plate Count, E. coli, water content, protein, fat, and pH. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. The results showed that the quality of skipjack tuna stored in the redesigned pole and line vessel holds was better than that stored on deck.
Mangrove Forest Ecosystem in Majene: Hopes or Challenges?
Authors: Gosari B. A. J. , Baso A. , Made S. , Amilluddin  , Fachri M.E. , Wahid A. , Amri A. , Arief A. A. , Hamzah  , Firman  , Saru A. , Takril  , Muhtar
Published: November 2024

Mangrove forest ecosystems are important habitats for marine organisms and have great economic potential. This study aimed to explain the role of mangrove forest ecosystems and their economic potential using descriptive analysis. Data obtained from related studies then described further. Mangrove is located in the Majene Regency, West Sulawesi Province. Mangrove species were observed in situ in March 2023 and identified at the Water Quality Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University. The results showed that there were 14 types from eight families. The highest density of mangrove vegetation was Rhizophora stylosa with a stand of 2169 trees/ha and the smallest was Scaevola taccada with a stand of 40 trees/ha. The economic potential is determined directly by utilizing mangroves as food and boards, while the indirect value is determined by assessing the function of the mangrove ecosystem in the environment, the supporting value and the value of the existence of mangroves. The total economic potential is IDR 100,489,205,186.- The hope for the mangrove ecosystem is of course, to optimize the carrying capacity of the ecosystem and its sustainable economic use, while the challenge for the mangrove ecosystem is in the form of efforts to restore damaged mangroves. Recently, the extent of mangrove forests in this area has been decreasing because of the conversion of mangroves into human settlements, fish ponds and uncontrolled mangrove exploitation. This is a challenge for the mangrove forest ecosystems in the Majene.
Legal reconstruction of the impact of sea sand mining on the socio-environmental conditions of the Spermonde Islands community
Authors: Ratnawati  , Musakkir  , Heryani Wiwie , Faisal Muhammad , Gemilang Muhammad Surya , Arifin Arnita Pratiwi , Azizah Wafiq
Published: November 2024

Regulatory discrepancies exist regarding fishing areas and sand mining zones on the Spermonde Islands. This discrepancy makes the Spermonde Islands a sand mining area and a fishing area. This has had an impact on the socio-environmental conditions of the people of the Spermonde Islands. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of sand mining activities and describe legal reconstruction in dealing with sea sand mining problems that have an impact on the socio-environmental conditions of the Spermonde Islands community. This research is qualitative with a socio-legal approach and uses data collection techniques, focus group discussions, and interviews. The data obtained were then analyzed using an argumentative analysis. The results of this study show the negative impact of sea sand mining in terms of socio-environmental conditions. Because of the existence of sea sand mining activities, the marine system of the mining location has been damaged, which is marked by a decrease in the number of fishermen’s catches, which has an impact on decreasing fishermen’s income, and has implications for the decline in the welfare level of the people of the Spermonde Islands. Thus, effective Legal Reconstruction is to revise the South Sulawesi Provincial Government PERDA No. 2 of 2019 by separating the sand mining zone from the fishing zone.
How to Compare Constitutionally: An Essay in Honor of Mark Tushnet
Authors: Dixon Rosalind
Published: November 2024

Constitutional comparison is a multifaceted phenomenon. This chapter explores the different modes of constitutional comparison, drawing on illustrations from South African constitutional jurisprudence and the work of Professor Mark Tushnet as a leading comparative constitutional scholar. For instance, it notes comparison as a form of migration or transfer of ideas, as deliberative, empirical, or functional, reflective, and moral–cosmopolitan in nature, but also the overlaps between these categories, thinner and thicker variants, and their implications for scholars, judges, and constitutional drafters. It further considers what these different modes imply for principles of case selection, or the scope of constitutional comparison in different contexts.
Comparative Constitutional Law: Reflections on a Field Transformed
Authors: Hirschl Ran
Published: November 2024

Over the past two decades, comparative constitutional inquiry has witnessed a tremendous intellectual renaissance. The scholarly pursuits of Mark Tushnet reflect and embody this remarkable transformation. His many comparative constitutional writings over the past quarter-century have contributed considerably to the advancement and canonization of comparative constitutional inquiry in the American legal academy. And his willingness to engage with pertinent concepts and ideas from political science helped foster a culture of interdisciplinarity that characterizes contemporary comparative constitutional studies. More generally, it reflects the acceptance of disciplinary-fluid comparative discourse by leading constitutional scholars. However, at least two obstacles for the continued advancement of the field persist. First, the recent contribution of political scientists to comparative constitutional studies has been rather modest. Given the critical significance of constitutional law, constitutional courts, and constitutional politics worldwide, this shortcoming is becoming ever harder to justify. Second, the Global South constitutional universe has become a bustling lab of innovation that in many respects is more promising than its Northern counterpart. If comparative constitutional scholars are serious about the potential of comparative constitutional inquiry to offer effective remedies to some of the burning challenges of our time, closer attention to Global South constitutionalism is the call of the hour.
Canon and Comparative Constitutional Law
Authors: Law David S
Published: November 2024

In the context of comparative constitutional law, “canon” is an ambiguous concept that can assume very different forms and functions, some of which are profoundly problematic. For purposes of evaluation, it is necessary to distinguish among at least four varieties of “canon”: descriptive, normative, pedagogical, and discursive. The descriptive and normative varieties tend to be constructed in highly path-dependent ways from a very limited population of countries and cases, with the result of perpetuating and reinforcing the blind spots and systematic biases of the field as well as the privileged positions of scholars in Western, English-speaking settings. Conscious pursuit of a comparative constitutional law “canon” for its own sake should therefore be abandoned. The idea of canon might appear at first blush to satisfy the practical need to cull the overabundance of materials generated by an expanding, international, and interdisciplinary field. For pedagogical purposes, time constraints and student needs necessitate highly selective coverage, and for discursive purposes, coordination upon some common conceptual vocabulary is helpful. However, canon in its conventional form is not a satisfactory way of culling materials in either context. Instead, pedagogical and discursive choices should be guided by principles of representativeness and generality. Representativeness includes, among other things, sampling the universe of constitutional experience and materials along all major dimensions of variation, such as region and regime type. Generality entails a preference for a country-neutral and thus more inclusive and universalistic vocabulary: for example, one would discuss the generic concept of “override clauses” rather than the country-specific example of “Canada’s notwithstanding clause,” which in turn facilitates study of the same phenomenon across a broader, more representative sample of jurisdictions.
Foxes, Hedgehogs, and Ants
Authors: Scheppele Kim Lane
Published: November 2024

Isaiah Berlin distinguished two types of thinkers: the fox who knows many things and the hedgehog who knows one big thing. Mark Tushnet has been a fox for most of his career, writing about almost every topic that exists in comparative constitutional law. But there’s an underappreciated hedgehog hiding in his work as well, as he has remained true to his original Critical Legal Studies sensibility that an equality-generating revolution would always be welcome and that constitutionalism can sometimes stand in the way. This chapter explores both the fox and the hedgehog in Tushnet’s work and adds another animal to the constitutional zoo, in the form of ant constitutionalism. “Ant” not only identifies the animal species with the most complex divisions of labor and resulting interdependencies but has also become the acronym for the Actor–Network Theory of Bruno Latour, who emphasizes relations among elements rather than the elements themselves in understanding how societies work. Ant constitutionalists see constitutions not as disaggregatable sets of rules but as interdependent systems of networked links. To an ant, constitutional systems are wholes and the task is to understand how the various pieces of particular systems relate to each other in a specific cultural and historical space. Taking Mark Tushnet’s and Bojan Bugarič’s recent book Power to the People as a starting point, this chapter shows how the three forms of constitutional theory differ in how they explain the rise of populism and the decline of constitutional democracy.
Ancillary Powers of Constitution-Making Bodies
Authors: Landau David
Published: November 2024

This chapter describes and analyzes ancillary powers of constitution-making bodies: powers exercised by these bodies that go beyond the core task of writing a new constitutional text. These ancillary functions include tasks such as legislating, calling new elections, or reorganizing or replacing members of state institutions. Modern constitution-making experiences in Latin America, including in Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador, show that these powers can play a central role in reshaping the political context. In some circumstances, they have also been abused to attack the democratic order. For this reason, two prominent theorists of constituent power, Andrew Arato and Joel Colon-Rios, have proposed reworking the theory to clarify that constitution-making bodies should not carry out ancillary functions and must focus exclusively on their core task of preparing a new constitutional text. Putting these proposals in dialogue with Mark Tushnet’s conception of constituent power suggests two problems with proposed prohibitions on ancillary functions. First, it is difficult to draw a line between core and ancillary functions of constitution-making bodies, a problem illustrated by considering transitional constitutional provisions. Second, and more provocatively, in some contexts ancillary powers might play a useful or even necessary prodemocratic role, and there is a risk—as cautioned by Tushnet—that theorizing about legal forms or concepts might obscure rather than clarify struggles that should be fought in overtly political terms.
Legal Reasoning Matters
Authors: Grimm Dieter
Published: November 2024

In the United States, the legitimacy of judicial review is increasingly questioned. Behind the skepticism seems to be a deep distrust in the capacity or willingness of courts to objectively determining the meaning of constitutional provisions vis-à-vis individual cases or controversies. Because of this presupposition, the critics of judicial review do not find it worthwhile to treat legal reasoning as practiced in courts and presented in court opinions. Often they are not even interested whether the constitution contains a rule regarding the case at hand. However, in spite of the fact that the text of a constitution does not completely determine its interpretation and application, legal reasoning based on a special constitutional methodology is what happens in courts and what allows characterization of their activity as being legal and not simply political in nature. To disregard it misses the specific contribution of the law to the civilization of politics, which was originally invented in the United States and still counts as an important achievement.
Mapping Power: Constitutionalism and Its Colonial Legacy
Authors: Delaney Erin F
Published: November 2024

This chapter seeks to identify and engage the paradox at the heart of postcolonial constitutionalism: the possibility of coexisting (and cocreating) colonial coercion and autochthonous agency. It argues that elucidating this “coercive constitutionalism” requires a methodology of rich description that builds on an understanding of law as power within a culturally embedded, interdisciplinary, and collaborative community. In so doing, the chapter builds on and dovetails with many of Mark Tushnet’s intellectual and methodological commitments. It concludes by suggesting that the study of coercive constitutionalism necessarily fuels a normative turn. It may be, in the words of Foluke Ifejola Adebisi, that “deconstructing the postcolonial speaks of what can be,” but it is the reconstruction project that will determine what is.
Religion in Beethoven’s Library
Authors: Chong Nicholas
Published: November 2024

This chapter focuses primarily on two religious books in Beethoven’s library, which he likely read in the 1810s: Christoph Christian Sturm’s Betrachtungen über die Werke Gottes im Reiche der Natur und der Vorsehung, and Ignaz Aurelius Feßler’s Ansichten von Religion und Kirchenthum. Though the authors of both texts were Protestant, their lives and writings intersected with the German Catholic Enlightenment, a situation typical of the movement’s ecumenical outlook. Moreover, the concerns of these two books overlap with those of the Catholic Enlightenment: the presence of God in nature, in the case of Sturm’s Betrachtungen; and ecumenism, in the case of Feßler’s Ansichten. An additional section of the chapter discusses the non-Christian quotations in Beethoven’s Tagebuch, a commonplace book Beethoven maintained, also during the 1810s. Contrary to previous assumptions, within the framework of the Catholic Enlightenment, this openness to other religious traditions was not considered antithetical to traditional Christian belief.
The London Broughtonians
Authors: Macfarlane Kirsten
Published: November 2024

In the first decade of the seventeenth century, a group of godly lay people with an interest in biblical scholarship began to gather in London. Among all the godly in London at this time, this group was distinguished by its devotion to the works of the Hebraist Hugh Broughton, who had died in 1612. Using archival evidence from across Europe and North America, this chapter reconstructs the activities of this group, giving us a rare glimpse into the intellectual lives of the puritan laity. By situating this reconstruction within the historiography of London godly communities as well as early modern print culture, this chapter recovers an ambitious community of men and women, bound by strong kin ties, who went beyond the usual godly pursuits of collecting sermons and annotating Bibles to engage with cutting-edge contemporary biblical criticism.
Those Who Stayed and Those Who Left
Authors: Macfarlane Kirsten
Published: November 2024

During the 1620s, life in London became more difficult for the godly and the group split in two: those who stayed in England, and those who left for Massachusetts. Chapter 2 begins by examining the pursuits of those who remained in England. It argues that the story of those who stayed is one of decline, as the group fragmented and lost its intellectual distinctiveness. Among those who left, a more complicated story can be told. Foremost among these immigrants were William Pynchon, Edward Holyoke, and their families, who formed a tightly knit community. At the centre of this community were the theological books Holyoke took with him, which he annotated and circulated widely for the edification of his friends and family. Using this evidence, this chapter argues that for these New England readers, erudition and piety were inextricably intertwined, since to engage in biblical scholarship was itself a spiritual exercise.
The Synagogue and the Sabbath
Authors: Macfarlane Kirsten
Published: November 2024

While the first half of the book traced the development of the Broughtonians, the second half examines some major questions of divinity with which they were engaged, moving from the realm of book history into the history of theology. It begins with Pynchon and Holyoke’s studies of the ancient Jewish synagogue, which were first published anonymously in London in 1648. At the same time as they delved into the historic practices of the Sanhedrin and synagogue, Pynchon and Holyoke were also inspired to research ancient Jewish precedents for lay participation in biblical scholarship, which they used to justify their own activities as well as to advocate for universal education in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin. Next, it demonstrates how such lay participation functioned in practice, by examining how Pynchon deployed all he had learned from his autodidactic travails to produce a sophisticated if idiosyncratic account of the Christian Sabbath.