bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethnopharmacological study of flavonoid compounds in Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre as anti-inflammatory agents by molecular docking
Authors: Maghfiroh Khoirin , Widyarti Sri , Batoro Jati , Sumitro Sutiman B.
Published: September 2022

Context: Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre has traditionally been used by the culture to prevent and cure the inflammatory disease. Aims: To determine the benefit of M. champaca in the local community, especially in the treatment of tuberculosis, and investigate the potency of the flavonoid content of M. champaca as an anti-inflammatory agent through in silico analysis. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted by structured interviews and responses in the Pamekasan district. The identification of flavonoid in selected plant was carried out from literature. Then, quercetin, (-)-epicatechin, and kaempferol were docked with protein targets including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphoinositide 3 kinases (PI3k). The ability of complex compounds was considered dependent on energy binding and the ability to bind native ligand to proteins. Results: M. champaca exhibited the highest RFI value, indicated that this plant mainly used to treat tuberculosis symptoms in the local community. The compounds of quercetin and (-)-epicatechin can only be bound to a native ligand COX-2, NAG. The compounds quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and (-)-epicatechin can then be bound to both the native proteins NF-κB and PI3K. Nevertheless, native ligand-protein p38 MAP-kinases cannot be bound by complex compounds like quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and (-)-epicatechin. Conclusions: The research offers proof for considering the flavonoid compound in M. champaca as a beneficial ligand complex throughout the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases. Further in vitro and in vivo studies could prove its therapeutic potential.
Secondary metabolites from Alphonsea tonkinensis A.DC. showing inhibition of nitric oxide production and cytotoxic activity
Authors: Nguyen Khan Viet , Ho Duc Viet , Le Anh Tuan , Heinämäki Jyrki , Raal Ain , Nguyen Hoai Thi
Published: September 2022

Context: Bioactivities of Alphonsea tonkinensis A.DC have not been reported previously, while the knowledge about its chemical composition is limited. Aims: To investigate the phytochemical constituents and bioactivities of the stems and leaves of Alphonsea tonkinensis A.DC. Methods: Combination of various extraction, chromatographic methods and crystallization techniques were performed to obtain pure compounds. Chemical structures of isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR). The in vitro anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of isolates were evaluated by a Griess assay and a sulforhodamine B assay. Results: A phytochemical study of the stems and leaves of Alphonsea tonkinensis A.DC. resulted in the isolation of liriodenine (1), N–trans-feruloyltyramin (2), corydaldine (3), 8-oxopseudopalmatine (4), 3-hydroxy-7,8-dehydro-β-ionone (5), pseudopalmatine (6), pseudocolumbamine (7), and stigmasterol (8). Compound 5 showed potent inhibitory activity for NO production with an IC50 value of 20.4 μM, which was comparable to that of positive control. Compound 4 and 5 displayed inhibitions against the HepG2, SK-LU-1 cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 54.4 and 69.6 µM. Conclusions: Among eight compounds isolated from Alphonsea tonkinensis A.DC., compounds 3 and 5 were isolated from the genus Alphonsea for the first time. Compound 5 was stronger inhibitor of NO production than positive control L-NMMA. In addition, this is the first investigation showing the bioactivities of 5 and cytotoxicity against the HepG2, SK-LU-1 cancer cell lines of 4.
Ethnomedicinal and traditional phytotherapeutic plants used in Bouhachem Natural Regional Park (Rif of Morocco): Case of Bni-Leit and Al-Oued districts
Authors: Bachar Mohammed , ElYacoubi Houda , Zidane Lahcen , Rochdi Atmane
Published: September 2022

Context: The flora of the Bouhachem Regional Natural Park has been studied by many botanists and ecologists, but the analysis of the medicinal and economic values of these plants is still weak and poorly documented. Within the framework of this study, further investigations will be carried out into the value of indigenous medicinal plants and the documentation of their ethnopharmacological knowledge. In addition, due to their important socio-economic role as a second source of income after agriculture, the evaluation of the commercial activity of aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP) will also be taken into account. Aims: To evaluate the ethnobotanical and commercialized medicinal plants in north region of Morocco in which traditional medicine is widespread. Methods: The uses of medicinal plants in traditional phytotherapy were researched through 700 question cards, in Bni-Leit and Al-Oued districts, which are a part of the Naturel Regional Park of Bouhachem. A series of ethnobotanical, economic and sociocultural surveys/interviews were conducted among the local population in the study area, between March 2014 and July 2016. Results: This Ethnobotanical study identified 101 medicinal plant species belonging to 46 families, of which the most abundant are Lamiaceae (FUV: 1.87). This study also revealed that the leaves are the most used parts of the plant (26%) and that the most remedies are prepared as decoction (27%). Digestive disorders rank first among the diseases treated by these plants with a rate of 21%. Conclusions: The present study shows that the traditional use of medicinal plants still persists and constitutes a very rich heritage in the northern of Morocco. Therefore, this important indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants would be exploited in pharmaceutical research. It reveals that urgent action is needed to promote a sustainable and best practices to reduce the increasing scale of exploitation of AMPs for commercial use and to draw the attention of Park managers to the preservation of these plants from genetic erosion by a rational management.
Factors that encourage cigarette consumption among college students: A theory of planned behavior perspective
Authors: Valencia-Arias Alejandro , Bermúdez-Hernández Jonathan , Bran-Piedrahita Lemy
Published: September 2022

Context: The numbers of cigarette smokers and deaths from this cause have grown rapidly in recent years. Different factors that increase cigarette smoking, college students have become a highly vulnerable population to smoking cigarette. Aims: To examine the main factors that encourage college students to consume cigarettes by adopting the Theory of Planned Behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out with 300 students enrolled in public and private universities in the city of Medellín, Colombia. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartlett’s sphericity tests were used to measure the validity of the scales. The reliability of the instrument was verified by calculating Cronbach’s Alpha and the model was analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results: The main factors that determine the consumption of cigarettes among the population under study are experiencing new sensations and reacting to situations that cause anxiety. Regarding the model, the main factors influencing cigarette consumption are related to attitude toward the consumption behavior and perceived behavioral control. Secondary factors are related to social behaviors. Conclusions: The Theory of Planned Behavior is a helpful tool for different fields of knowledge—including public health—to identify factors, variables and relationships that inhibit or motivate an individual’s decisions. The results of this study suggest that the factors that most influence cigarette consumption in the analyzed population are related to attitude and control factors.
Preventive and therapeutic effects of JM-20 on paclitaxel-evoked painful peripheral neuropathy in rats
Authors: Garrido-Suárez Bárbara B. , Garrido Gabino , Bellma Menéndez Addis , Aparicio Guillermo , Valdés Odalys , Ochoa-Rodríguez Estael , Verdecia-Reyes Yamila , Delgado-Hernández René
Published: September 2022

Context: JM-20 is a hybrid synthetic molecule, which is based on a multimodal drug design paradigm for cerebrovascular disease. In addition to its neuroprotective effects, JM-20 also decreased sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in rats. JM-20 has a strong mitoprotective ability, and its effects could be in correspondence with the mitotoxicity hypothesis for paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of the JM-20 to reduce neuropathic pain manifestations induced by the administration of paclitaxel in rats. Methods: In this study was implemented a rat model of painful peripheral neuropathy, produced by the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel, to determine whether JM-20 (10 mg/kg, p.o) could prevent the development of neuropathic pain during the exposure to paclitaxel. As well as to determine whether JM-20 (20 mg/kg, p.o) could reverse the established neuropathic pain. Mechanical behavioral assessment using von Frey filaments applied to the hind paws was applied before, during, and after treatments for 35 days. Results: Giving JM-20 during the exposure to paclitaxel significantly reduced the severity of mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia. Moreover, JM-20 significantly reduced both established neuropathic pain manifestations. There was no evidence of tolerance to the effect during three days of dosing, and a long-term effect was observed after JM-20 discontinuation. Conclusions: JM-20 may be clinically relevant for both the prevention and treatment of paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy.
Buenas prácticas de almacenamiento de medicamentos en el Hospital Escuela de Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Authors: Vargas Emilia C. , Cruz Wendy L. , Hernández Anahí E. , Alvarado Dayanna M.
Published: September 2022

Context: The poor storage practices in warehouses and pharmacies may lead to drug degradation. Aims: To analyze the Good Storage Practices for medicines in the warehouse and pharmacies of the Hospital Escuela of Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Methods: A mixed research was carried out using a qualitative-quantitative approach, non-experimental design, and descriptive cross-sectional scope. Semi-structured interviews were applied to warehouse and pharmacy staff using an instrument with dichotomous responses and a box for recording observations during visits. The facilities, storage, equipment, documentation, internal distribution, and the responsible staff in the warehouse and pharmacies were evaluated. Results: Giving the compliance percentages obtained were the following: facilities, 37%; storage, 59%; equipment, 42%; documentation, 63%; internal distribution, 61%; staff, 53%. Further, 77% of the areas where medicines were stored that did not need refrigeration were found within the permitted ranges of temperature and percentage of relative humidity. On the other hand, 85.71% of temperature measurements in refrigeration equipment were reported outside the permitted range. However, no drugs stored were found to be at risk of frostbite during the study. Conclusions: The Good Storage Practices at Hospital Escuela should be strengthened to reach a maximum level of compliance. Likewise, the processes of handling, conservation of the cold chain, and preservation of the medicine should be improved until it is dispensed to the patient.
The increased basic fibroblast growth factor expression and osteoblasts number post Bifidobacterium bifidum probiotic supplementation during orthodontic tooth movement in Wistar rats
Authors: Triwardhani Ari , Anggitia Citra , Ardani I Gusti Aju Wahju , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Riawan Wibi
Published: September 2022

Context: Bifidobacterium bifidum as a beneficial probiotic may regulate the inflammation and induce the bone remodeling by enhancing osteoblasts and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression in the tension side of alveolar bone during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Aims: To evaluate the expression of bFGF and the number of osteoblasts during OTM after B. bifidum probiotic supplementation in male Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats (n = 42) were divided into 6 groups (n = 7) accordingly as follow: OTM and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 3 days (K3); OTM and PBS for 7 days (K7); OTM and PBS for 14 (K14); OTM and B. bifidum for 3 days (P3); OTM and B. bifidum for 7 days (P7); OTM and B. bifidum for 14 days (P14). OTM was established by NiTi close coil spring with 10 g force-placed between the first incisor and the first maxillary molar of Wistar rat. The samples were then terminated on days 3, 7, and 14. The maxillary tissue was isolated for the immunohistochemical examination and hematoxylin-eosin staining. All data were analyzed by using an independent t-test (p<0.05), which was implemented based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene’s test (p>0,05). Results: The highest bFGF expressions and osteoblast numbers were found in Group P14. There were significant differences in bFGF expression and osteoblast numbers in the tension side of alveolar bone during OTM between the control and treatment groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: The post supplementation of B. bifidum shows the enhancement of bFGF expression, and osteoblast number in the tension side of alveolar bone during OTM determined immunohistochemically.
A proposed model of user satisfaction with medical emergency services by using the SERVQUAL model
Authors: Bermúdez-Hernández Jonathan , Palacios-Moya Lucía , Valencia-Arias Alejandro , Brand-Piedrahita Lemy
Published: September 2022

Context: Health care quality has been widely discussed for over 40 years. However, it is still complex to define, understand, and assess it due to the multiple factors it involves, especially in the emergency services. Aims: To identify the main factors that influence the quality of the medical emergency services provided across the health care network of one of the Health Promoting Entities (abbreviated EPS in Spanish) in Medellín, Colombia. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted based on the foundations of the SERVQUAL model. A total of 511 people, selected by means of criterion-based nonprobability sampling, participated in this study. Results: Three key factors were found to influence users’ perceived quality of emergency services in Medellín. The first factor corresponds to assurance and trust; the second, to institutional infrastructure; and the third, to responsiveness and its impact on expected and experienced service. This latter proves that patient follow-up is important to enhance user perception of such services. Conclusions: Service quality measurement models are a fundamental tool to identify the real variables that affect patients’ perception of a service. In addition, they help to improve the value chain processes involved in providing a service that fully satisfies user expectations.
The effect of hyperbaric oxygen 2.4 absolute atmospheres on transforming growth factor-β and matrix metalloproteinase-8 expression during orthodontic tooth movement in vivo
Authors: Brahmanta Arya , Prameswari Noengki , Handayani Budi , Syahdinda Meralda Rossy
Published: September 2022

Context: Orthodontic force causes the compression of the periodontal ligament in inhibiting vascularization on the pressure side of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), while on the opposite side, the periodontal ligament is stretched. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can increase the dissolved oxygen in the blood, which can affect the tissue regeneration of the periodontal ligament. Aims: To evaluate the effect of HBO 2.4 absolute atmospheres (ATA) for 3 × 30 minutes with 5 minutes interval for 7 days as an adjuvant therapy to accelerate periodontal ligament remodeling during OTM in Cavia cobaya. Methods: The study was an experimental laboratory research with a completely randomized design. Twenty-four males C. cobaya were divided into three groups, (X1) as the control group, (X2) as the group with orthodontic force, and (X3) as the group with orthodontic force followed by HBO 2.4 ATA. Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β expressions were measured by using immunohistochemistry. OTM was then examined by applying linear distance and analyzed by employing ratio test (p<0.05). Results: Ratio analysis shows HBO 2.4 ATA for 3 × 30 minutes once a day with 5 minutes intervals for 7 days has increased MMP-8 expressions in the pressure area and TGF-β in the tension area (p<0.05). Conclusions: HBO 2.4 ATA for 3 × 30 minutes once a day for 7 with 5 minutes intervals is able to effectively accelerate the periodontal ligament remodeling process expressed by the increased expression MMP-8, especially within the pressure area and TGF-β in the tension area.
Antispasmodic activity of Warionia saharae Benthem ex Benth. & Coss. on the rabbit and rat jejunums
Authors: Amrani Ouafa , Marghich Mohamed , Makrane Hanane , Alem Chakib , Aziz Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Context: Warionia saharae Benthem ex Benth. & Coss has been widely used for gastrointestinal problems in Morocco and Algeria. Aims: To explore the possible mechanism for its use to such ailments in order to rationalize some of these folkloric uses. We investigated the aqueous extract of this plant (AqWs) for antispasmodic activity on isolated rat and rabbit jejunums. Methods: To investigate the contractile activity of isolated jejunum preparations of rat and rabbit we had used in vitro techniques. Jejunums were suspended in tissue baths filled with KHB culture medium (37°C) and connected to force transducers. AqWs (0.1–3 mg/mL) was used with or without carbachol (10-6 M), KCl (25 mM), yohimbine (10-5 M), prazosin (10-5 M), propranolol (10-5 M), hexamethonium (10-4 M), atropine (10-6 M), methylene blue (10-5 M), L-NAME (10-4 M) and nifedipine (10-6 M). Results: AqWs at 0.1–3 mg/mL produced a relaxation on basal rabbit contractions with an IC50 = 1.55 ± 0.06 mg/mL. This effect was reversible and was not affected by pretreatment with the inhibitors of α and β adrenergic receptors yohimbine, prazosin and propranolol. The extract had an antispasmodic activity with an IC50 = 1.25 ± 0.02 mg/mL on rat jejunum precontracted with KCl rich medium (25 mM). This result suggests that the extract had a Ca2+ antagonist effect. This was fortified when pretreatment of the intestine with the extract induced a rightward shift in the Ca2+ concentration-response curves. AqWs exhibited also antispasmodic effect on carbachol (10-6 M)-induced contractions of rat jejunums with an IC50 = 1.53 ± 0.04 mg/mL. The extract at 3 mg/mL on rat jejunums pre-incubated with hexamethonium (10-4 M), atropine (10-6 M), and methylene blue (10-5 M), then contracted by KCl, decreased the maximum contraction but not totally like KCL alone without these inhibitors. For the jejunum pre-incubated with L-NAME (10-4 M), the spasmolytic effect of AqWs was comparable with KCL. Conclusions: These results suggest that the myorelaxant and antispasmodic effects are mediated possibly via Ca2+ antagonist, anticholinergic, and guanylate cyclase mechanisms but not by adrenergic and nitric oxide pathway.
A bioinformatic approach of hydroxyapatite and polymethylmethacrylate composite exploration as dental implant biomaterial
Authors: Prahasanti Chiquita , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Kharisma Viol Dhea , Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad , Ridwan Rini Devijanti , Putri Tansza Permata Setiana , Ramadhani Nastiti Faradilla , Narmada Ida Bagus , Ardani I Gusti Aju Wahju , Noor Tengku Natasha Eleena Binti Ahmad
Published: September 2022

Context: The most common biomaterial used for dental implants is titanium. However, the release of metal ions and the risk of allergic reactions to metals that may occur in some patients cannot be avoided. Hydroxyapatite-polymethylmethacrylate (HA-PMMA) composite biomaterials are proposed to have potential as dental implant biomaterials due to their mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. HA-PMMA may induce osseointegration, biocompatible, less allergic reactions, and no metal ions released. In addition, HA-PMMA can be obtained from Indonesia’s abundant natural resources. Aims: To explore HA-PMMA composites through molecular docking as a biomaterial candidate for dental implants in silico. Methods: Structure data format (sdf), molecular weight, and identity number (CID) of HA-PMMA ligand samples were obtained from PubChem database and minimized through OpenBabel. 3D structure, selection method, resolution, atom count, weight, sequence length, and ID protein BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin on RCSB-PDB native ligand and water sterilization on PyMol were carried out with the aim of to maximize the formation of binding affinity during molecular docking simulations. Results: HA-PMMA composites can enhance the activity of proteins associated with osseointegration such as BMP-2/4/7, AP, osteocalcin, osteonectin, and osteopontin in silico. HA-PMMA composites have the strongest binding to osteonectin and are predicted to enhance the AP activity in silico. Conclusions: HA-PMMA composites are potential candidates for dental implant biomaterials with the osteointegration ability through binding with BMP-2/4/7, AP, osteocalcin, osteonectin, and osteopontin in silico.
Anti-breast cancer potential activity of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. leaf extract through in silico studies
Authors: Christina Yuyun Ika , Nafisah Wirdatun , Atho’illah Mochammad Fitri , Rifa’i Muhaimin , Widodo Nashi , Djati Muhammad Sasmito
Published: September 2022

Context: The development of apoptotic agent from natural plant products may have a beneficial effect as a promising candidate for cancer therapy. The study about the efficacy of Phaleria macrocarpa leaves on breast cancer is still limited. Aims: To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-breast cancer activity of P. macrocarpa leaves extract by in silico analysis. Methods: The compounds of the ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa were identified by Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis. Fourteen bioactive compounds of P. macrocarpa leaf were analyzed to determine the biological activity using Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) server. The network analysis was analyzed using STRING (https://string-db.org/). Twelve selected compounds were docked with several protein targets, including caspase 3, Bax and Bcl-2. Molecular docking was done by Pyrx 0.8 software and visualized by Discovery Studio software. The pharmacological properties of investigated bioactive compounds were analyzed using the SwissADME web server. Results: The twelve from fourteen bioactive compounds of P. macrocarpa leaf have anticancer properties and might be expected to involve in p53 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways related to cancer. The molecular docking result showed that sesamin from the lignans group has the best binding affinity to caspase-3 and Bax. Meanwhile, corymboside from the flavonoid group has the best binding affinity to Bcl-2. Conclusions: The bioactive compounds of P. macrocarpa leaves extract might potentially modulate apoptosis and cell growth. Further research should be performed to validate the activity of P. macrocarpa bioactive compounds for target cancer development.
Cytoprotective activity of extracts from Adelia ricinella L. aerial parts
Authors: Berenguer-Rivas Clara A. , Fong Lores Onel , Escalona-Arranz Julio C. , de la Vega-Acosta Jorge , Arro-Díaz Diana J. , Guisado-Bourzac Frenkel , Llauradó-Maury Gabriel , Morris-Quevedo Humberto J.
Published: September 2022

Context: Several factors can affect the erythrocyte cell membrane integrity targeting important hematological alterations that can be avoided by the cytoprotective effect offered by some plant extracts. Aims: To evaluate the cytoprotective activity of Adelia ricinella L. extracts on red blood cells (RBCs) membrane after hypotonic and oxidative treatments. Methods: Total phenols and flavonoid contents were spectrophotometrically determined in three extracts: AR1 (ethanol 95%), AR2 (ethanol 50%), and AR3 (aqueous extract). Luteolin and apigenin were quantified using HPLC-DAD techniques. Hypotonic erythrocyte membrane stabilizing activity of plant extracts, their antioxidant protective effect on H2O2-induced cell damage, and cytotoxicity on Vero cells were explored. Control cells were treated with sodium diclofenac or ascorbic acid. Results: AR2 extract showed the highest values of total phenols/flavonoids, as well as, for luteolin and apigenin with 207.5 and 1.86 µg/mL respectively. The extracts did not exert spontaneous hemolysis following the INVITOX protocol, presumably by the protective effect of high flavonoid content. A concentration-dependent pattern was observed on the hypotonic erythrocyte membrane stabilizing assay, in which both ethanol extracts but mainly AR1 (IC50 = 16.46 µg/mL) showed a significant activity with lower IC50 values than diclofenac-control group. On the other hand, AR2 (IC50 = 17.49 µg/mL) displayed the most potent cytoprotective effect on RBCs after H2O2-induced cell damage. Adelia ricinella extracts were not cytotoxic to mammalian Vero cells (IC50 > 256 μg/mL). Conclusions: The study suggests that Adelia ricinella extracts can promote erythrocyte cytoprotection by protecting both membrane layers, thus preventing potential hematological alterations induced by oxidizing damage and probably, in inflammation-related diseases.
Osteoclast activity in osteoporosis mandibular bone based on RANKL and osteoprotegerin ratio
Authors: Kuntjoro Mefina , Hendrijantini Nike , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Hong Guang , Salim Sherman , Ari Muhammad Dimas Aditya
Published: September 2022

Context: Osteoporosis occurs not only in the lumbar bone, femur, and radius but also occurs in the mandibular bone. Therefore, osteoporosis is a disease that required attention from the dentists. Aims: To determine the ratio of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kB-Ligand:Osteoprotegerin (RANKL:OPG) expression and the ratio of osteoclasts:osteoblasts number in the mandibular bone of the osteoporosis rat models. Methods: The research subjects used were 20 Rattus novergicus, which were randomly divided into two groups, namely ovariectomy (OVX) and sham surgery (SHS). Twelve weeks after surgery, the animals were terminated and mandibular bone specimens were taken for histological examination of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, RANKL, and OPG expression. An examination of estrogen levels in the blood of the research subjects was also carried out. All data obtained were tested statistically using a t-test. Results: There was a decrease in the amount of estrogen in the OVX group rather than SHS (p = 0.005). In the SHS group, the RANKL:OPG expression value ratio was 0.51 ± 0.15, while in the OVX group was 0.86 ± 0.22 (p = 0.001). In the SHS group, the ratio of osteoclasts:osteoblasts number was 0.012 ± 0.004, while in the OVX group was 0.061 ± 0.023 (p = 0.001). Conclusions: A decrease in estrogen significantly induces the ratio of RANKL:OPG and osteoclast:osteoblasts in the mandibular bone.
Klasifikasi Sampah di Saluran Air Menggunakan Algortima CNN
Authors: Kartiko  , Prima Yudha Abi , Dimas Aryanto Nanda , Arya Farabi Mahatamtama
Published: September 2022

Tingginya populasi manusia turut menyumbangkan peningkatan jumlah sampah, sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah sistem yang membantu manusia mengklasifikasikan sampah. Perkembangan teknologi yang dirasakan hampir di semua aspek kehidupan termasuk pada pengembangan lingkungan. Dengan teknologi yang ada diharapkan bisa membantu meringankan tugas manusia dan meningkatkan efektifitas penggunaan waktu. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) merupakan sebuah sistem pengolahan objek dengan pengenalan citra. Dan dengan menggunakan teknik CNN atau Convolutional Neural Network yang banyak digunakan untuk mengenali suatu objek dan diharapkan dapat mempermudah kerja manusia serta menghemat waktu yang digunakan.
Klasifikasi Penyakit Jantung Menggunakan Metode Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Pradana David , Luthfi Alghifari Muhammad , Farhan Juna Muhammad , Palaguna Dwisiwi
Published: September 2022

Secara global, penyebab kematian nomor satu setiap tahunnya adalah penyakit jantung. Penyakit jantung adalah sebuah kondisi yang menyebabkan jantung tidak dapat melaksanakan tugasnya dengan baik.  Artificial Neural Network (ANN) merupakan model penalaran yang didasarkan pada otak manusia. Penelitian ini mencakup pengukuran performa (akurasi, presisi, recall dan f-score) metode ANN dengan 304 data pasien penyakit jantung yang diperoleh dari pusat dataset Kaggle. Hasil dari pengukuran performa diperoleh nilai akurasi 73,77%, presisi 80,43%, recall 84,09% dan f1-score sebesar 82,22%
Analisis performa metode klasifikasi Naïve Bayes Classifier pada Unbalanced Dataset
Authors: Ericha Apriliyani  , Salim Yulita
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis menganalisis performa metode Naïve Bayes Classifier pada berbagai variasi unbalanced dataset. Teknik klasifikasi yang digunakan yaitu dengan menggunakan pengukuran performa accuracy, precision, recall, dan f-measure dengan menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes Classifier. Dataset diambil dari Kaggle, dan dari tiap dataset memiliki data yang tidak seimbang atau unbalance, data inilah yang akan dihitung performanya menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes Classifier. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes Classifier didapatkan pada dataset Glass yaitu accuracy sebesar 46%, precision sebesar 47%, recall sebesar 46% dan f-measure sebesar 43%, pada dataset Heart Disease yaitu accuracy sebesar 88%, precision sebesar 88%, recall sebesar 88% dan f-measure sebesar 88%, pada dataset Kidney Disease yaitu accuracy sebesar 100%, precision sebesar 100%, recall sebesar 100% dan f-measure sebesar 100%, pada dataset Liver Disease yaitu accuracy sebesar 78%, precision sebesar 82%, recall sebesar 78% dan f-measure sebesar 79%, pada dataset Diabetes yaitu accuracy sebesar 77%, precision sebesar 76%, recall sebesar 77% dan f-measure sebesar 76%, dan pada dataset Breast Cancer yaitu accuracy sebesar 94%, precision sebesar 94%, recall sebesar 94% dan f-measure sebesar 94%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan metode Naive Bayes Classifier pada unbalanced dataset memperoleh nilai performa yang tidak menentu.
The Role of E-Training in Improving the Quality of Work Life for Workers in Business Organizations: a field study
Authors: Albaz Mohamed
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to improve the quality of work life for workers in the Egyptian tourism sector through the e-training entrance. Practical implications: Companies seek to adopt improving the quality of life for workers in the Egyptian tourism sector in order to have strategic solutions to promote Egyptian tourism locally and globally in light of the development strategy. Originality/Value: The e-training programs should be geared towards adopting the quality of work life for employees. A research paper covering the framework of achieving development for the Egyptian tourism sector under study. Results: The Egyptian tourism sector needs to adopt e-training in seminars, workshops, modern curricula and additional training, with continuous evaluation of the performance of the various services provided to promote Egyptian tourism globally.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT HURABA TERHADAP PINJAMAN PEMBIAYAAN OLEH BTPN SYARIAH DALAM PENINGKATAN USAHA DITINJAU DARI HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Siti Kholijah  , Pitriani Gultom
Published: September 2022

BTPN Syariah is a financial institution whose main business is to provide credit and other services in payment traffic and money circulation, and operates according to sharia principles. In addition to these main businesses, BTPN Syariah also provides business capital financing loan programs to the public. The business capital financing loan is intended to empower the community, especially women so that their welfare increases. One of the communities empowered by the BTPN Syariah financing program is the Huraba I Village community, Kec. Siabu Kab. Christmas Mandailing. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach. Methods of collecting data obtained through direct observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique was carried out by means of data reduction, the last data display was concluded. The subjects in this study were the people of Huraba I Village, Kec. Siabu Kab. Mandailing Natal and or BTPN Syariah bank customers and BTPN Syariah parties. The results of the study concluded that the practice of accounts payable with both parties benefited from each other, namely Muqtarid (the borrower) getting a loan so that he could meet his needs. Meanwhile, Muqrid (who provides loans) also gets what he is entitled to, namely profits from the results of his sacrifices and the reason behind the practice of debt is because of the convenience in covering the needs of the local community and the process is easy, fast and does not have to leave collateral. According to Islamic law, financing loans provided by BTPN Syariah in business development contain elements of usury because the principle between the borrower and the BTPN Syariah bank uses the interest principle and depends on the interest system applied to conventional banks. Therefore, any addition to the loan amount from the debtor is said to be usury, but it depends more on the background and the consequences. As with the additions contained in the debt transactions that occurred in Huraba I Village, Kec. Siabu Kab. The additional Mandailing Natal in the debt transaction is an addition that can be taken because the average loan is for business capital and with this addition it does not cause a downturn in economic life.
TINJAUAN FIKIH EKONOMI TERHADAP PRAKTIK JOKI GAME ONLINE PLAYER UNKNOWN BATTLE GROUND (STUDI KASUS DI DESA PANYABUNGAN III KECAMATAN PANYABUNGAN KABUPATEN MANDAILING NATAL
Authors: Muhammad Yasir Nasution  , Zainuddin
Published: September 2022

This article examines the economic fiqh review of the practice of online game jockey player unknown battle ground (PUBG) in Panyabungan III Village, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency. The problem is how the legal practice of jockey games online player unknown battle ground (PUBG) in Panyabungan III Village, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency. The type of research used is a qualitative approach field research. The source of the data in this study was obtained from interviews with online game jockey players unknown battle ground (PUBG) in Panyabungan III Village, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency. The data is processed by analyzing the phenomenon and associated with the study of Islamic economic jurisprudence. The results obtained are in the perspective of economic fiqh, the practice of jockey games online player unknown battle ground (PUBG) in Panyabungan III Village, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency using a lease agreement (ijarah) using the services of samsarah. Using the services of a jockey client will feel a loss for himself because his game account will not provide much benefit for him as well as only raising the Tier on his account is just a pleasure, actually in Islam this is an excessive and wasteful act. So it can be concluded that the PUBG Online Game Jockey in Panyabungan III Village, Panyabungan District, Mandailing Natal Regency is haram because it does not meet the pillars and conditions such as containing immoral and haram elements.
PENGARUH FASILITAS DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DENGAN KEPUASAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING (Studi Kasus di Percetakan MK Digital Printing)
Authors: Ayu Lestari  , Mhd. Irwan Padli Nasution  , Nur Ahmadi Bi Rahmani
Published: September 2022

Facilities and service quality are important things that must be considered by companies engaged in services. The existence of good facilities and service quality in the minds of consumers will create a good image so that consumers become generous with the services provided by the company. This study aims to determine the effect of facilities and service quality on customer loyalty with satisfaction as a moderating variable (a case study in the Constitutional Court Digital Printing). This study uses a quantitative approach. The population of 2969 in this study were customers who had used the services of the Constitutional Court Digital Printing. The sample used was 97 respondents and questionnaires as a means of collecting data for respondents. The analytical method used in this research is validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) test. The results of this study indicate that facilities, and service quality have a significant influence on customer loyalty at MK Digital Printing and the effect is from Variable X1, namely facilities and customer satisfaction which have the effect of increasing the influence of facilities on customer loyalty. Thus, that the result of the satisfaction variable is a moderating variable or can be used as an independent variable as well as a moderator variable.
Statistical Analysis of Crop Water Stress in Rainfed Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Using Spectral and Non-spectral Indices
Authors: Visitacion Glaiza , Saludes Ronaldo , Luyun Roger , Pinca Yaminah Mochica , Eusebio Marck Ferdie
Published: September 2022

The use of vegetation indices derived from wavelengths known to be sensitive to plant water status is a fast, reliable, and non-destructive method of identifying the spatial and temporal distribution of crop water requirements. A pot experiment was conducted in a screenhouse to assess the potential of vegetation indices in detecting water stress in rainfed rice during the reproductive growth phase. Rainfed lowland (PSB Rc14) and upland (UPL Ri7) rice varieties were subjected to non-water stress [2.0 irrigation water (IW) per cumulative pan evaporation (CPE)], mild water stress (1.5 IW/CPE), and severe water stress (1.0 IW/CPE) treatments during the reproductive growth stage. Leaf reflectance measurements were taken using a portable field spectrometer (Jazz Spectral Sensing Suite, Ocean Optics, Inc.) with a spectral range of 650–1050 nm and 0.36 nm bandwidth. Vegetation indices – namely, water index (WI), normalized water index-1 (NWI-1), normalized water index-2 (NWI-2), normalized water index-3 (NWI-3), and normalized water index-4 (NWI-4) – were then calculated from the leaf spectral reflectance measurements and correlated with leaf relative water content (RWC), crop water stress index, and grain yield. The leaf reflectance in the NIR region (700–1050 nm) of both rice varieties under severe water stress conditions (1.0 IW/CPE) was lower compared to those under mild water stress (1.5 IW/CPE) and non-water stress treatments (2.0 IW/CPE). Significant differences in the vegetation indices were detected at the flowering stage when the onset of water stress was also identified by the crop water stress index (CWSI). NWI-2 had the strongest correlation with grain yield of PSB Rc14 (r = –0.7815), whereas WI and NWI-1 correlated well with grain yield for UPL Ri7 (r = –0.876). These results suggest the potential of using hyperspectral vegetation indices as indicators of water stress during the flowering stage of rice.
Die systematische und inhaltliche Bestimmung der „vollkommenen Selbstanschauung“ in Schellings Genieästhetik von 1800
Authors: Josifovic Sasa
Published: September 2022

Abstract. In this text the author argues that the major achievement of Schelling’s aesthetics in his System of Transcendental Idealism consists in its contribution to the theory of self-consciousness. He emphasizes that a detailed interpretation of the underlying concepts of intellectual and ideal (vollkommen) intuition provides an adequate approach to the understanding of the systematic function of the philosophy of art within the system of knowledge including the unconscious sphere of self knowledge and self realization.
System und Systemkritik – Witz und Ironie als philosophische Methode beim frühen Friedrich Schlegel
Authors: Sticker Martin , Wenz Daniel
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The conceptions of wit and irony of the early Friedrich Schlegel together constitute a philosophically ambitious form of early-romantic dialectic. This dialectic was directed especially against the closed philosophical system of Fichte, and tries to show a third way between the abandonment of a system and a closed system. The result is an open system, which can accommodate historical change and an infinite approach to the absolute. The article discusses the origin of this third way in romantic irony, and Schlegel’s critique of Fichte, as well as the role poetry and the fragment as a form of philosophical discourse plays for Schlegel’s dialectic.
Kants ethisches Lügenverbot – der Sonderfall der Lüge aus Furcht
Authors: Schüssler Rudolf
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Kant distinguishes sharply between a juridical and an ethical assessment of lies. For the latter, his Doctrine of Virtue establishes the immorality of maxims of lying. However, not all acts of lying have to result from maxims of lying. It will be shown that Kant’s conception of moral weakness extends to lies caused by fear. A morally weak person need not have an immoral character or lose her dignity. Therefore, the inhuman implications of Kant’s strict prohibition of lying can be considerably mitigated if the possibility of fear-induced lies is taken into account. If a person follows the modern planner’s motto failure is not an option and excludes lies from her plans of action, she can satisfy the demands of Kant’s doctrine of virtue even if fear causes her to lie under some circumstances.
Zum substanzdualistischen Missverständnis der leibnizschen hypothèse des accords
Authors: Borchers Raphael
Published: September 2022

Abstract. For his hypothèse des accords Leibniz chose the catchy title harmonie pré-établie, which unfortunately to this day is often mistaken as a dualistic approach to the problem of preserving the coherence of the physical world without having to compromise humankind’s mentality. I shall show that the dualistic comprehension of Leibniz’s hypothesis is misleading and that this is largely due to the neglect of both the reception at his time and his characteristic didactic-dialectic way of reasoning.
Vater des Substanzdualismus? Eine kontextuelle Analyse von Descartes’ Thesen zum Geist-Materie-Verhältnis
Authors: Baab Florian
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The fact that Descartes describes mind and body as two fundamentally different entities has mostly led to the view that he has to be seen not only as the father of modern Philosophy, but also as the father of substance dualism. Against this commonsense view, I will argue that Descartes’ dualism does not primarily aim to prove an ontological, but a transcendental distinction between mind and body as a constitutional fact of human existence. As a consequence, Descartes’ dualism has to be seen as a kind of perspectivism: Depending on one’s point of view, the human mind can, according to Descartes, be seen as part of a union with the body, as self-consciousness (“ego cogito”) or, from a naturalistic point of view, as a natural function that has its correlate in the human brain.
Künstlerische Verdinglichung und die Widerständigkeit naturwüchsiger Dinge
Authors: Obert Mathias
Published: September 2022

Abstract. This paper deals with a paradoxon inherent to the concept of “reification”, commonly used with negative connotations only, as seen from the stance of phenomenological aesthetics. A positive understanding of the term is proposed in this pleading for a re-evaluation of our notion of a “thing” and its significance for the human access to the world. After an inquiry into Adorno’s ambiguous reflections on reification by creating art works, and reification of art itself, a discussion of the Japanese garden yields further elucidation concerning phenomena of artistic reification, as well as the ontological status of natural things.
Die civitas maxima bei Wolff und Hanov
Authors: Effertz Dirk
Published: September 2022

Abstract: In this paper, the theories of the civitas maxima (universal state) in the work of Christian Wolff (1679–1754) and Michael Christoph Hanov (1695–1773) are investigated. Topics are the layers of international law, the concept and constitution of the universal state, utopian elements, the ontological status of the universal state, conversion of other states, and migration. As a critical counterpart, the idea of nation is explored in these authors as well as in the political theories of romanticism, namely in Adam Müller (1779–1829) and Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768–1834).
Philosophie – Heilmittel oder Krankheit der Seele? Zur Symptomatologie und Therapie des Denkens bei Avicenna und Nietzsche
Authors: Roesner Martina
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The present paper intends to study Avicenna’s and Nietzsche’s approaches to the relationship between philosophy and medicine by examining their understanding of the multiple analogous meanings of “sickness” and “health” with regard to human existence. Avicenna considers philosophy itself as a form of “medicine” insofar as it can cure the soul from the sceptical doubt concerning the possibility of knowing the truth and thus create a perfect harmony between body, soul, and spirit. But in a second step, he claims that earthly life itself is an “illness” that keeps us from the perfect contemplation of God as supreme intelligible object and, therefore, has to be “cured” by death. Nietzsche shares with Avicenna not only the particular interest in dietetics but also the conviction that philosophy has a deeply therapeutic dimension. However, he replaces the vertical movement of metaphysical ascension towards absolute, divine truth with the horizontal journey of philosophical transformation that allows each human being to find their own inalienable concept of “sickness” and “health” and in doing so, become their own healer.
The Comparative Role of BAMLET and 5-Fluorouracil in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Targeting WNT/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Babazadeh Marziyeh , Zamani Mozhdeh , Mehrbod Parvaneh , Mokarram Pooneh
Published: September 2022

Background: Aberrant activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in various types of cancers, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC), which is a prevalent malignancy. Targeting the Wnt signaling pathway has gained a reputation as an attractive therapeutic strategy, mainly because of its potential for regulating cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Objectives: The aim of the current research was to investigate the effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (BAMLET), a complex of oleic acid with bovine α-lactalbumin protein, on colon cancer cells focusing on the Wnt signaling pathway. Methods: For this purpose, HT-29 and HCT116 cells were treated with 5-FU and BAMLET, and the expression levels of Wnt signaling-related proteins (β-catenin and E-cadherin) and VEGF as angiogenesis regulators were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot analysis. Results: Bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells treatment down-regulated the expression of β-catenin and up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin significantly compared to the 5-FU (P < 0.0001). The reduced mRNA levels of VEGF in treated cells revealed the effectiveness of 5-FU and BAMLET on angiogenesis. Conclusions: Bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells can be considered for targeting the Wnt signaling pathway and angiogenesis. It is amenable to further investigation in the development of CRC treatment.