bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing wind direction prediction of South Africa wind energy hotspots with Bayesian mixture modeling
Authors: Rad Najmeh Nakhaei , Bekker Andriette , Arashi Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Wind energy production depends not only on wind speed but also on wind direction. Thus, predicting and estimating the wind direction for sites accurately will enhance measuring the wind energy potential. The uncertain nature of wind direction can be presented through probability distributions and Bayesian analysis can improve the modeling of the wind direction using the contribution of the prior knowledge to update the empirical shreds of evidence. This must align with the nature of the empirical evidence as to whether the data are skew or multimodal or not. So far mixtures of von Mises within the directional statistics domain, are used for modeling wind direction to capture the multimodality nature present in the data. In this paper, due to the skewed and multimodal patterns of wind direction on different sites of the locations understudy, a mixture of multimodal skewed von Mises is proposed for wind direction. Furthermore, a Bayesian analysis is presented to take into account the uncertainty inherent in the proposed wind direction model. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed Bayesian model. This proposed model is fitted to datasets of wind direction of Marion island and two wind farms in South Africa and show the superiority of the approach. The posterior predictive distribution is applied to forecast the wind direction on a wind farm. It is concluded that the proposed model offers an accurate prediction by means of credible intervals. The mean wind direction of Marion island in 2017 obtained from 1079 observations was 5.0242 (in radian) while using our proposed method the predicted mean wind direction and its corresponding $$95\%$$

95
%

credible interval based on 100 generated samples from the posterior predictive distribution are obtained 5.0171 and (4.7442, 5.2900). Therefore, our results open a new approach for accurate prediction of wind direction implementing a Bayesian approach via mixture of skew circular distributions.
Infrared optical properties modulation of VO2 thin film fabricated by ultrafast pulsed laser deposition for thermochromic smart window applications
Authors: Barimah Eric Kumi , Boontan Artitsupa , Steenson David P. , Jose Gin
Published: July 2022

Over the years, vanadium dioxide, (VO2(M1)), has been extensively utilised to fabricate thermochromic thin films with the focus on using external stimuli, such as heat, to modulate the visible through near-infrared transmittance for energy efficiency of buildings and indoor comfort. It is thus valuable to extend the study of thermochromic materials into the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths for applications such as smart radiative devices. On top of this, there are numerous challenges with synthesising pure VO2 (M1) thin films, as most fabrication techniques require the post-annealing of a deposited thin film to convert amorphous VO2 into a crystalline phase. Here, we present a direct method to fabricate thicker VO2(M1) thin films onto hot silica substrates (at substrate temperatures of 400 °C and 700 °C) from vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) precursor material. A high repetition rate (10 kHz) femtosecond laser is used to deposit the V2O5 leading to the formation of VO2 (M1) without any post-annealing steps. Surface morphology, structural properties, and UV–visible optical properties, including optical band gap and complex refractive index, as a function of the substrate temperature, were studied and reported below. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and X-ray diffraction studies confirm that VO2 (M1) thin films deposited at 700 °C are dominated by a highly texturized polycrystalline monoclinic crystalline structure. The thermochromic characteristics in the mid-infrared (MIR) at a wavelength range of 2.5–5.0 μm are presented using temperature-dependent transmittance measurements. The first-order phase transition from metal-to-semiconductor and the hysteresis bandwidth of the transition were confirmed to be 64.4 °C and 12.6 °C respectively, for a sample fabricated at 700 °C. Thermo-optical emissivity properties indicate that these VO2 (M1) thin films fabricated with femtosecond laser deposition have strong potential for both radiative thermal management or control via active energy-saving windows for buildings, and satellites and spacecraft.
Life table construction for crapemyrtle bark scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae): the effect of different plant nutrient conditions on insect performance
Authors: Xie Runshi , Wu Bin , Gu Mengmeng , Qin Hongmin
Published: July 2022

Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae; CMBS) is an invasive pest species that primarily infest crapemyrtles (Lagerstroemia spp.) in the United States. Recent reports have revealed the dire threat of CMBS to attack not only crapemrytles but also the U.S. native species with expanded host plants such as American beautyberry (Callicarpa spp.) and Hypericum kalmianum L. (St. Johnswort). A better understanding of plant–insect interaction will provide better and environmental-friendly pest management strategies. In this study, we constructed the first comprehensive life table for CMBS to characterize its biological parameters, including developmental stages, reproductive behavior, and fecundity. The indirect effects of three plant nutrient conditions (water, 0.01MS, and 0.1MS) on CMBS populations were examined using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The demographic analyses revealed that the plant nutrient conditions had significantly altered CMBS development in terms of the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (λ), the net reproductive rate (R0), and mean generation time (T). Higher r, λ, and R0 were recorded under nutrient-deficient conditions (water), while CMBS reared on plants with healthier growing conditions (0.1MS) had the most prolonged T. Overall, CMBS shows better insect performance when reared on plants under nutrient-deficient conditions.
Interplay between different forms of power and meritocratic considerations shapes fairness perceptions
Authors: Lois Giannis , Riedl Arno
Published: July 2022

Power imbalance often leads to unequal allocations. However, it remains largely unknown how different forms of power and meritocratic considerations interact to shape fairness perceptions. Using modified Ultimatum Games, we examined how two power forms—decision power and availability of attractive outside option—affect bargaining behavior and fairness perceptions, and how meritocratic considerations are incorporated into the fairness perceptions of powerful and powerless individuals. We identified an asymmetric power effect: having increased decision power or attractive outside options independently increased self-advantageous allocations and self-serving fairness perceptions, whereas the combined lack of both power forms led to self-disadvantageous allocations but had no influence on fairness perceptions. The power effect on fairness perceptions became symmetric when power was obtained through a meritocratic process (procedural justice). In contrast, relative contributions to resource production (distributive justice) did not moderate power effects. We provide causal evidence that the powerful, but not the powerless, strive to minimize cognitive dissonance between behavior and fairness perceptions by interpreting fairness in self-serving ways. This study contributes novel insights into the interplay between different power forms, the asymmetry of power effects, the moderating role of procedural justice, and the mediating role of behavior in the power-driven adjustment of fairness perceptions.
Investigation of cypermethrin toxicity in Swiss albino mice with physiological, genetic and biochemical approaches
Authors: Seven Baran , Kültiğin  , Çavuşoğlu  , Yalçin Emine , Acar Ali
Published: July 2022

In this study, cypermethrin toxicity was investigated using physiological, biochemical and cytogenetic parameters, and more than one organ and cell type was preferred to determine these effects. In this multifaceted study, the genotoxicity mechanism of cypermethrin was elucidated by molecular docking. In addition, comet assay technique was applied to detect and quantify DNA damage at the cell level. For this aim, body and organ weights, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, mitotic index (MI), DNA fragmentation, frequency of micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) were used as indicators of toxicity. Mice were divided into 4 groups. The control group was fed with tap water and the administration groups were orally exposed to 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg b.w cypermethrin for 28 days. Then, the mice were sacrificed and tissue samples were collected. Cypermethrin caused a decrease in body and organ weights, GSH levels and MI and an increase in AST, ALT, MDA, BUN, creatinine levels and the frequency of MN and CAs (break, ring, gap, acentric, etc.). Cypermethrin promoted MN formation in leukocyte, erythrocyte, buccal mucosa epithelial cells. CAs and MN formation promoted by cypermethrin have been associated with DNA-cypermethrin interactions. This interaction has been demonstrated by simulation with molecular docking method and experimentally by spectral measurements of DNA. As a result, all three doses of cypermethrin caused toxicity in different cell types. In other words, the effect of cypermethrin taken into the body was not limited to only one cell type or region. Therefore, cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide that promotes multifaceted toxicity in non-target organisms.
Modular solid-phase synthesis of electrophilic cysteine-selective ethynyl-phosphonamidate peptides
Authors: Hansen Sarah , Arafiles Jan Vincent V. , Ochtrop Philipp , Hackenberger Christian P. R.
Published: July 2022

We report an efficient method to install electrophilic cysteine-selective ethynyl-phosphonamidates on peptides during Fmoc-based solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS).
Facile solvothermal synthesis of plate-like submicron NaNbO3 particles
Authors: Machida Shingo , Niwa Shoma , Usuki Sho , Nakata Kazuya , Ogawa Makoto , Yasumori Atsuo , Katsumata Ken-ichi
Published: July 2022

Platy particles of NaNbO3 were successfully prepared by a solvothermal reaction using a methanol/ethanol mixed solvent, in contrast to the formation of cubic NaNbO3 particles from methanol alone.
Preparation of citric acid-modified poly(vinyl alcohol) films for effectively precipitating calcium phosphate particles
Authors: Zhou Yanni , Chai Yadong , Miyata Mari , Tagaya Motohiro
Published: July 2022

Development of a technology for effectively controlling the precipitation of CP particles on PVA films via a biomimetic process was achieved using the CA-modification technique.
Lanthanide porphyrinoids as molecular theranostics
Authors: Jin Guo-Qing , Chau Calvin V. , Arambula Jonathan F. , Gao Song , Sessler Jonathan L. , Zhang Jun-Long
Published: July 2022

This Review summarises the history and the ‘state-of-the-art’ development of lanthanide (Ln) porphyrinoids as theranostic agents. Applications such as near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging (FL), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiotherapy, chemotherapy and phototheranostics will be discussed.
Copper peroxide coated upconversion nanoparticle modified with glucose oxidase for H2O2self-supplying starvation-enhanced chemodynamic therapyin vitro
Authors: Hong Yale , Tao Qinfeng , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Wang Zhuo , Wang Haifang , Sun Lining
Published: July 2022

Copper peroxide coated upconversion nanoparticle was modified with glucose oxidase to obtain the efficient nanocomposite UCN@CuO2–GOx that was successfully applied for H2O2self-supplying starvation-enhanced chemodynamic therapyin vitro.
Highly stable halide perovskites for photocatalysis via multi-dimensional structure design and in situ phase transition
Authors: Gong Yiqin , Ye Fan , Zhu Qiliang , Yan Wei , Shen Jianhua , Xue Kan-Hao , Zhu Yihua , Li Chunzhong
Published: July 2022

2-Phenylethanamine bromide can trigger the phase transition of part of cubic CsPbBr3 QDs into tetragonal CsPb2Br5 NSs in photocatalysis, which can form Z-scheme-type heterojunctions with pristine QDs to further improve the catalytic performance.
Electrochemical hydroboration of carbonyl compounds
Authors: Chen Zewei , Lv Kang , Yuan Taoyue , Zhang Xuguang , Yao Weiwei , Ma Mengtao
Published: July 2022

A green and sustainable electrochemical hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones with HBpin has been reported for the first time.
Narrow-band Rb1−yKyNa3(Li3SiO4)4:Eu2+(0 ≤ y ≤ 1) cyan-blue phosphors for full-spectrum white LEDs
Authors: Sun Jun , Zhou Minghui , Zhang Bei , Hua Youjie , Huang Feifei , Ma Hongping , Ye Renguang , Xu Shiqing
Published: July 2022

The introduction of K+ into a RbNa3(Li3SiO4)4:Eu2+ phosphor to partially or completely replace Rb+ allows the emission spectrum to be modulated from blue (λ = 473 nm, FWHM = 22.5 nm) to a narrow cyan band (λ = 485 nm, FWHM = 21.1 nm).
Review of methods for assessing deposition of reactive nitrogen pollutants across complex terrain with focus on the UK
Authors: Cowan Nicholas , Nemitz Eiko , Walker John T. , Fowler David , Finnigan John J. , Webster Helen N. , Levy Peter , Twigg Marsailidh , Tang Sim Y. , Bachiller-Jareno Nuria , Trembath Philip , Kinnersley Robert P. , Braban Christine F.
Published: July 2022

We report on key findings and knowledge gaps identified regarding measurement and modelling techniques used to quantify deposition of Nr across complex terrain in the UK, which may represent up to 60% of land coverage across Great Britain.
An efficient polymer acceptor via a random polymerization strategy enables all-polymer solar cells with efficiency exceeding 17%
Authors: Li Yun , Li Qian , Cai Yunhao , Jin Hui , Zhang Jianqi , Tang Zheng , Zhang Chunfeng , Wei Zhixiang , Sun Yanming
Published: July 2022

A series of polymer acceptors have been synthesized. The optical and electronic properties of the copolymers can be well-tuned via a random copolymerization strategy. The best-performing PY-82-based binary device produces a record-high efficiency of 17.15%.
Ionic liquid gel microspheres as an emerging platform for constructing liquid compartment microreactors
Authors: He Dongqing , Cao Dezhou , Ben Chuxuan , Lan Yalin , Zhang He , Jiang Meijiao , Wu Shuyao , Zhang Yu , Meng Qing Bo , Song Xi-Ming
Published: July 2022

ILG-microspheres as liquid compartments can rapidly extract substances, and ILs inside them can accelerate the charge transfer in BiOBr@ILG-microspheres, thus providing an efficient catalytic microenvironment for photodegradation reactions.
Naked-eye detection of cysteine/homocysteine through silver nano-resonators and specific identification of homocysteine through nanoresonator–thiosulphate conjugate
Authors: Singh Raksha , Singh Anurag Kumar , Yadav Minu , Sharma Manish , Tiwari Ida , Upadhyay K. K.
Published: July 2022

The citrate capped AgNPs synthesized through a modified previous report exhibit naked eye sensing towards cysteine/homocysteine along with SERS characteristics. Their thiosulphate conjugate detects selectively only homocysteine.
Doping P atom with a lone pair: an effective strategy to realize high HER catalytic activity and avoid deactivation under wide H* coverage on 2D silicene and germanene by increasing the structural rigidity
Authors: Liao Wenying , Yu Guangtao , Zhao Lusi , Zhu Hu , Chen Wei
Published: July 2022

Doping P Atom with a Lone Pair can effectively enhance the structural rigidity of 2D silicene and germanene, and endow them with considerably higher HER catalytic activity under a wide H* coverage.
Molecular field analysis for data-driven molecular design in asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Yamaguchi Shigeru
Published: July 2022

This review highlights the recent advances in the use of MFA (molecular field analysis) for data-driven catalyst design, enabling to improve selectivity in asymmetric catalysis.
Utilising fluorescent reporters to probe the mode of action of norbornen-7-one CO releasing molecules
Authors: Johnston Hannah Margaret , Kueh Jui Thiang Brian , Hartley Rachael Hannah , Bland Abigail Ruth , Payne Fergus Michael , Harrison Joanne Clare , Sammut Ivan Andrew , Larsen David Samuel
Published: July 2022

Confocal studies show that positively charged oCOms, like oCOm-58, release CO in mitochondria preserving their energetics.
Thioarylation of anilines using dual catalysis: two-step synthesis of phenothiazines
Authors: Dodds Amy C. , Puddu Sabrina , Sutherland Andrew
Published: July 2022

Lewis acid and Lewis base dual-catalysis has been used for the ortho-thioarylation of anilines and as the key-step for the synthesis of phenothiazines.
A rapid construction of new boron heterocycles and evaluation of photophysical properties of iminoboronates
Authors: Kuang Qiulin , Hu Xueyuan , Li Yanwu , Shang Suqin , Huang Xin , Liao Siwei , Song Yibo , Ma Wanqian , Li Suzhen , Liu Aqin , Liu Xiaoling , Zhang Xiuyu , Yuan Jianyong
Published: July 2022

A green and efficient method for the synthesis of oxadiazaborole, dioxazaborinine, and oxadiazaborinine from the reactions of phenylboronic acid with amidoxime, α-hydroxyl oxime and α-hydroxyl hydrazone, respectively, is described.
New block poly(ether sulfone) based anion exchange membranes with rigid side-chains and high-density quaternary ammonium groups for fuel cell application
Authors: Du Shenghua , Huang Shuai , Xie Ning , Zhang Tong , Xu Yaoyao , Ning Xingming , Chen Pei , Chen Xinbing , An Zhongwei
Published: July 2022

We report a series of novel poly(ether sulfone) based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with relatively good stability due to their rigid side-chains and heterocyclic quaternary ammonium groups. The AEMs show appropriate performance in AEM fuel cells.
From plastic waste to new materials for energy storage
Authors: Olazabal Ion , Goujon Nicolas , Mantione Daniele , Alvarez-Tirado Marta , Jehanno Coralie , Mecerreyes David , Sardon Haritz
Published: July 2022

A perspective on using plastic waste as an alternative feedstock for the energy storage sector through upcycling. Materials for electrodes, electrolytes or binders could be obtained from both advanced combustion and depolymerization methods.
Rational design of a multi-in-one heterofunctional agent for versatile topological transformation of multisite multisegmented polystyrenes
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Lan Yingjia , Liu Peng , Li Xiaohong , Zhao Youliang
Published: July 2022

A “seven-in-one” initiating, coupling and stimuli-labile agent is designed to achieve topological transformations with reduced, similar and enhanced molar masses.
Correction: Conjugated polymer-based luminescent probes for ratiometric detection of biomolecules
Authors: Zhao Lingfeng , Zhao Can , Zhou Jiasheng , Ji Haiwei , Qin Yuling , Li Guo , Wu Li , Zhou Xiaobo
Published: July 2022

Correction for ‘Conjugated polymer-based luminescent probes for ratiometric detection of biomolecules’ by Lingfeng Zhao et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tb00937d.
History dynamics of unified empire in China (770 BC to 476 BC)
Authors: Lu Peng , Li Mengdi , Lu Jiawen , Zhang Zhuo
Published: July 2022

The laws and regulations in human history can be revealed by computational models. From 221 before Christ (BC) to 1912 Anno Domini (AD), the unification pattern has dominated the main part of Chinese history for 2132 years. Before the emergence of the first unified empire, the Qin Empire in 221 BC, there existed the Eastern Zhou dynasty (770 BC to 221 BC). This long dynasty has two stages, and here we focus on the first stage. This Spring–Autumn stage was from 770 BC (with 148 states) to 476 BC (with 32 states). The whole country (China) is modelled as a multi‐agent system, which contains multiple local states. They behave autonomously under certain action rules (wars and conflicts), which forms the main reason for the annexations and disappearance of most states. Key factors (power, loyalty, bellicosity and alliance) have been considered in our model settings, and simulation outcomes will be monitored and collected. Eventually, an optimal solution is obtained, which well unveils the internal mechanism and statistical features of real big history. Furthermore, counterfactuals are used to explore the non‐linear effects of the key factors, which deepens the authors’ understanding of civilisation evolutions in human history.
Hierarchical control scheme for proportional power sharing and robust operation in multiple virtual synchronization‐based DC/DC converters
Authors: Ji Xiaotong , Ye Chang , Liu Ziwen , Ye Tuoran , Dong Xiaoxiao , Liu Dan , Jiang Kezheng , Cao Kan
Published: July 2022

Virtual synchronization control can be applied to DC/DC converter for enhanced inertia support by imitating the rotor dynamics of the synchronous generator (SG). However, efficient power sharing and robust operation ability cannot be guaranteed in a multiple parallel‐operated DC/DC converters system. This paper proposes the hierarchical control scheme to achieve higher efficiency and superior anti‐disturbance ability for multiple DC/DC converters with virtual synchronization‐based control. The primary control layer enables proportional power sharing by using improved virtual synchronization control for each DC/DC converter, which aims at eliminating the influence of line parameter mismatch among converters. The secondary control layer deals with DC voltage stability improvement through the extended disturbance‐observer‐based backstepping control with the consideration of external power fluctuation on the whole system. Two control levels are integrated as the hierarchical control architecture to realize different control objectives in different time scales, while only neighbouring communications and DC voltage information are needed among the system. Simulations on PSCAD/EMTDC are conducted and show that the load power is accurately and proportionally shared, while system oscillations are eliminated with the extended disturbance‐observer‐based backstepping control, which validates the advantages of the proposed hierarchical control scheme.
A comprehensive review of video steganalysis
Authors: Bouzegza Mourad , Belatreche Ammar , Bouridane Ahmed , Tounsi Mohamed
Published: July 2022

Steganography is the art of secret communication and steganalysis is the art of detecting the hidden messages embedded in digital media covers. One of the covers that is gaining interest in the field is video. Presently, the global IP video traffic forms the major part of all consumer Internet traffic. It is also gaining attention in the field of digital forensics and homeland security in which threats of covert communications hold serious consequences. Thus, steganography technicians will prefer video to other types of covers like audio files, still images, or texts. Moreover, video steganography will be of more interest because it provides more concealing capacity. Contrariwise, investigation in video steganalysis methods does not seem to follow the momentum even if law enforcement agencies and governments around the world support and encourage investigation in this field. In this paper, the authors review the most important methods used so far in video steganalysis and sketch the future trends. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the most comprehensive review of video steganalysis produced so far.
Cosmic-ray-induced H2 line emission
Authors: Gaches Brandt A. L. , Bialy Shmuel , Bisbas Thomas G. , Padovani Marco , Seifried Daniel , Walch Stefanie
Published: July 2022

Context. It has been proposed that H2 near-infrared lines may be excited by cosmic rays and thus allow for a determination of the cosmic-ray ionization rate in dense gas. One-dimensional models show that measuring both the H2 gas column density and H2 line intensity enables a constraint on the cosmic-ray ionization rate as well as on the spectral slope of low-energy cosmic-ray protons in the interstellar medium.

Aims. We aim to investigate the impact of certain assumptions regarding the H2 chemical models and interstellar medium density distributions on the emission of cosmic-ray-induced H2 emission lines. This is of particular importance for utilizing observations of these lines with the James Webb Space Telescope to constrain the cosmic-ray ionization rate.

Methods. We compare the predicted emission from cosmic-ray-induced, rovibrationally excited H2 emission lines for different one-and three-dimensional models with varying assumptions regarding the gas chemistry and density distribution.

Results. We find that the model predictions of the H2 line intensities for the (1-0)S(0), (1-0)Q(2), (1-0)O(2), and (1-0)O(4) transitions at 2.22, 2.41, 2.63, and 3.00 μm, respectively, are relatively independent of the astro-chemical model and the gas density distribution when compared against the H2 column density, making them robust tracers of the cosmic-ray ionization rate.

Conclusions. We recommend the use of rovibrational H2 line emission in combination with estimations of the cloud’s H2 column density to constrain the ionization rate and the spectrum of low-energy cosmic rays.
The relaxed area of 𝕊1-valued singular maps in the strictBV-convergence
Authors: Bellettini Giovanni , Carano Simone , Scala Riccardo
Published: July 2022

Given a bounded open set Ω ⊂ ℝ2, we study the relaxation of the nonparametric area functional in the strict topology inBV(Ω; ℝ2). and compute it for vortex-type maps, and more generally for maps inW1,1(Ω;S1) having a finite number of topological singularities. We also extend the analysis to some specific piecewise constant maps inBV(Ω;S1), including the symmetric triple junction map.
Lebensqualität und erlebte Belastungen von
Patient*innen mit Verdacht auf eine Seltene Erkrankung – erste
Erkenntnisse aus der ZSE-DUO Studie
Authors: Witt Stefanie , Kristensen Kaja , Blömeke Janika , Hebestreit Helge , Wocker Maximilian , Pfister Lisa , Bullinger Monika , Tüscher Oliver , Deckert Jürgen , Graessner Holm , Lapstich Anne-Marie , Zwaan Martina de , Mundlos Christine , Quitmann Julia Hannah
Published: July 2022

Ziel der Studie Die Zeit bis zu einer korrekten Diagnosestellung einer
Seltenen Erkrankung kann sich über mehrere Jahre erstrecken.
Patient*innen, bei denen der Verdacht auf eine Seltene Erkrankung
besteht, haben oft bereits einen langen und belastenden Weg durch das
Gesundheitssystem hinter sich. Bis heute ist wenig über die
Lebensqualität von Patient*innen mit Verdacht auf eine Seltene
Erkrankung bekannt. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die gesundheitsbezogene
Lebensqualität sowie die wahrgenommene Stressbelastung von
Patient*innen mit Verdacht auf eine Seltene Erkrankung zu beschreiben
und mit populationsbasierten Referenzwerten zu vergleichen.

Methodik Achtzig Patient*innen mit Verdacht auf eine Seltene
Erkrankung wurden im Rahmen der bundesweiten Interventionsstudie
„ZSE-DUO“ rekrutiert und zu ihrer Lebensqualität und
wahrgenommenen Belastung anhand des SF-8 und des Distress-Thermometers inklusive
Problemliste befragt.

Ergebnisse Die befragten Patient*innen bewerteten alle acht
Dimensionen der Lebensqualität sowie die körperlichen und
psychischen Summenskalen des SF-8 signifikant niedriger als die
Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die wahrgenommene Belastung wurde signifikant
höher bewertet. Zudem gaben über 90% der Stichprobe
einen Wert im klinisch auffälligen Bereich an. Erschöpfung,
Schmerzen, eingeschränkte Mobilität sowie Sorgen und
Ängste wurden am häufigsten als konkrete Probleme genannt, mit
Anteilen jeweils zwischen 73 und 90% der Gesamtstichprobe.

Diskussion Im Vergleich zu deutschen Referenzdaten berichten
Patient*innen mit dem Verdacht auf eine Seltene Erkrankung eine massive
Beeinträchtigung ihrer Lebensqualität und eine hohe Belastung,
die besonders durch körperliche und emotionale Probleme gekennzeichnet
ist. Das Fehlen einer Diagnose könnte den hohen Anteil emotionaler
Probleme erklären, da durch diese eine Form der Legitimation des eigenen
Krankheitserlebens entstehen kann.

Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse unterstreichen die dringende
Notwendigkeit der Forschung zu den psychosozialen Auswirkungen beim
möglichen Vorliegen einer Seltenen Erkrankung.
Eine Theory of Change zur erfolgreichen Implementierung von
Peer-Begleitung für Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen in
Deutschland
Authors: Girit Selina , Müller-Stierlin Annabel S , Hiltensperger Ramona , Wenzel Lisa , Lohner Manfred , Mahlke Candelaria , Nixdorf Rebecca , Puschner Bernd
Published: July 2022

Ziel der Studie Peer-Begleitung beschreibt die Unterstützung von
Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen durch geschulte
Peer-Begleiter/-innen, welche bereits eine psychische Krise
bewältigt haben. Die Implementierung von Peer-Begleitung ist aufgrund
interagierender Faktoren komplex und kann mittels des partizipativen Theory of
Change- Ansatzes gelingen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer
zentrumsübergreifenden Theory of Change zur nachhaltigen Implementierung
von UPSIDES Peer-Begleitung in Deutschland.

Methodik Basierend auf standortspezifischen Theories of Change aus Ulm und
Hamburg, an welchen 47 Teilnehmer/-innen mitwirkten, wurde eine
zentrumsübergreifende Theory of Change konzipiert und in drei
Folgeworkshops mit 12 Teilnehmer/-innen verifiziert. Die
Teilnehmer/-innen wiesen diverse berufliche und
Erfahrungshintergründe auf: Peer-Begleiter/-innen,
Klinikleitung, professionelle Behandler/-innen
(Psychiater/-innen, Psychotherapeut/-innen,
Krankenpfleger/-innen), Forscher/-innen.

Ergebnisse Der erste Pfad der zentrumsübergreifenden Theory of
Change fokussiert die Ausbildung zum/zur Peer-Begleiter/-in,
wogegen der zweite Pfad die Anerkennung und Integration durch psychiatrische
Einrichtungen und Fachkräfte thematisiert. Der dritte Pfad spezifiziert
den Aufbau eines berufsübergreifenden Netzwerkes zur Integration
verschiedener Peer-Begleitungsangebote. Das Herantreten an potentielle
Peer-Klienten/-innen wird im vierten Pfad abgebildet. Der fünfte
Pfad umfasst die Auftragsklärung und Implementierung in weiteren
Einrichtungen durch Kooperationen.

Diskussion Viele der identifizierten Implementierungsschritte wurden in
vergleichbaren Studien validiert. Die unter Einbezug vielfältiger
Perspektiven der zentralen Akteur/-innen entwickelte Theory of Change
ist eine wichtige Grundlage für die nachhaltige Implementierung von
UPSIDES Peer-Begleitung. Weiterhin kann sie als Blaupause für die
Implementierung ähnlicher Interventionen dienen, um die Verbreitung
evidenz-basierter nutzer/-innen-geleiteter und recovery-orientierter
Interventionen voranzubringen.

Schlussfolgerung Theory of Change ist eine akzeptierte und praktikable
Methode, welche für die Implementierung von komplexen Interventionen wie
UPSIDES Peer-Begleitung empfohlen werden kann.
„Es hat so einen etwas bitteren Beigeschmack“ Die
Abschaffung des Antrags- und Gutachterverfahrens aus Sicht von
Psychotherapeut*innen in der ambulanten Versorgung
Authors: Maier Lena , Engesser Deborah , Petermann-Meyer Andrea , Paul Rainer , Reuter Katrin , Singer Susanne
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund und Zielsetzung Die Abschaffung und Ersetzung des
gegenwärtigen Antrags- und Gutachterverfahren wurden 2019 vom
Gesetzgeber beschlossen. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte, was
Psychotherapeut*innen über dieses Vorhaben denken.

Methoden Niedergelassene Psychotherapeut*innen wurden in
leitfadengestützten Interviews hinsichtlich ihrer Erfahrungen und
Einstellungen zur psychotherapeutischen Versorgungssituation in Deutschland
befragt. Aussagen zum Gutachterverfahren wurden mittels qualitativer
Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Meinungen zum Gutachterverfahren wurden
klassifiziert und mit dem Therapieverfahren sowie dem Altersschwerpunkt
verglichen.

Ergebnisse Von 41 Befragten äußerten sich 27 hinsichtlich
des Gutachterverfahrens. Aus deren Aussagen ergaben sich folgende Themen:
Wertschätzung aber auch Bemängelung der
Qualitätssicherung durch das Gutachterverfahren, Sorge vor einem
künftigen Verlust an wirtschaftlicher und behandlungsbezogener
Sicherheit, Wahrnehmung der Berichtspflicht als Infragestellung der Kompetenz,
Missbilligung der schlechten Vergütung, Zusammenhang zwischen
persönlicher Einstellung zum Gutachterverfahren und Sorgfalt bei der
Berichtanfertigung sowie Kritik an der Intransparenz der Gesetzesinitiative.
Psychodynamische Psychotherapeut*innen wollten das Gutachterverfahren
häufiger beibehalten als Verhaltenstherapeut*innen, Kinder- und
Jugendlichenpsychotherapeut*innen häufiger als Psychologische
Psychotherapeut*innen.

Diskussion Psychotherapeut*innen erleben die Reformierung als
Vorgang mit großem Einfluss auf ihre Behandlungspraxis und
psychotherapeutische Identität. Um sowohl die Akzeptanz als auch die
Qualität künftiger Qualitätssicherungsverfahren zu
verbessern, sollten Psychotherapeut*innen aktiv an deren Entwicklung
teilhaben.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Azlactones by Bifunctional Thioureas with α‑Trifluoromethyl or Methyl Groups
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Marcos , Jiménez Eddy I. , Cantú-Reyes Margarita , Flores-Ramos Miguel , Román-Chavarría Carlos A. , Díaz-Salazar Howard
Published: July 2022

The asymmetric ring opening of azlactones via dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) is investigated by contrasting thioureas incorporating 1-arylethyl substituents against their more acidic trifluoromethylated analogs. All the catalysts under study outperform Takemoto’s thiourea because of the inclusion of an additional chiral center. However, the difference in yield and selectivity between the fluorinated and non-fluorinated catalysts is minimal. We explain this observation by analysis of calculated transition states. Our findings show that the hydrogen bond (HB) between the NH linked to the 1-arylethyl and the negatively charged oxygen in the benzyloxy ion is the longest in the HB network, whereas the HB between the ammonium group and the same oxygen atom is the shortest. Thus, the substituents and the HB donor ability of this chiral fragment attached to the thiourea are not important in the reaction.
Sleep and Circadian Disturbance in Disorders of Consciousness: Current Methods and the Way towards Clinical Implementation
Authors: Van der Lande Glenn J. M. , Blume Christine , Annen Jitka
Published: July 2022

The investigation of sleep in disorders of consciousness (DoC) has shown promising diagnostic and prognostic results. However, the methods employed in this field of research are diverse. This leads to confusion in the way forward for both scientific and clinical purposes. We review the literature that has investigated sleep in DoC patients and specifically outline the methodologies used next to the presented results. We highlight what knowledge we currently have and where increased efforts are needed before further clinical implementation. Specifically, the review shows that successful methods may employ a two-stage approach to sleep scoring, where one is the application of loosened standard criteria and the other a more general factor describing closeness of the electroencephalography to a healthy pattern, including a score that describes the extent to which sleep scoring criteria can be applied. This should be performed as part of a multimodal approach that also includes investigations of eye-opening/closure and that of circadian (24-hour) rhythmicity. Taken together, this puts the most promising methodologies in the field together for a comprehensive investigation. Large-scale approaches, incorporating multiple modalities and looking at individual variation, are now needed to advance our understanding of sleep in DoC and its role in diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.
Effect of Dietary Pattern on the Emergence of Permanent Teeth of the Children of Larkana, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Nazeer , Abbasi Sarfraz Ali , Khan Hasham , Baloch Mujeeb ur Rehman , Chohan Arham
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the association of eruption of permanent teeth of Sindhi children of Pakistan with the consumption of wheat, rice, meat, and milk.

Methodology A team of two dentists (one male and one female) and two assistants (one male and one female) was trained and calibrated before the study and visited all the 26 selected schools on the prearranged time and date and all the children from kindergarten 1 to class 8 were screened. Children with at least one “just erupted” tooth were taken out of the class for further examination. Number of days of eating meat, rice, vegetable, and milk in a week along with date of birth and some other personnel information was recorded on a questionnaire sheet.

Results One thousand two hundred five cases were collected from 26 schools, located in the city of Larkana and its suburbs. The minimum median value belonged to tooth number 16 and the maximum value was for tooth number 27. Twenty-two out of 28 teeth (79%) showed early eruption who consumed the meat more frequently than lesser time. Twenty-three out of 28 teeth (82%) showed early eruption for the children who consumed the vegetable diet a lesser number of times as compared with more frequent. Nineteen out of 28 teeth (68%) showed delayed eruption for those who consumed the rice a lesser number of times as compared with more frequent. Eighteen out of 28 teeth (64%) showed early eruption for the children who consumed a lesser amount of milk as compared with a greater amount.

Conclusion The study concludes that a protein-rich diet accelerated, while calcium, mineral, and carbohydrate-rich food items delayed the eruption of permanent teeth among the children of Larkana.
Assessment and Mitigation of Bleeding Risk in Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism: Executive Summary of a European and Asia-Pacific Expert Consensus Paper
Authors: Gorog Diana A. , Gue Ying X. , Chao Tze-Fan , Fauchier Laurent , Ferreiro Jose Luis , Huber Kurt , Konstantinidis Stavros V. , Lane Deirdre A. , Marin Francisco , Oldgren Jonas , Potpara Tatjana , Roldan Vanessa , Rubboli Andrea , Sibbing Dirk , Tse Hung-Fat , Vilahur Gemma , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: July 2022

While there is a clear clinical benefit of oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in reducing the risks of thromboembolism, major bleeding events (especially intracranial bleeds) may still occur and be devastating. The decision for initiating and continuing anticoagulation is often based on a careful assessment of both thromboembolism and bleeding risk. The more common and validated bleeding risk factors have been used to formulate bleeding risk stratification scores, but thromboembolism and bleeding risk factors often overlap. Also, many factors that increase bleeding risk are transient and modifiable, such as variable international normalized ratio values, surgical procedures, vascular procedures, or drug–drug and food–drug interactions. Bleeding risk is also not a static “one-off” assessment based on baseline factors but is dynamic, being influenced by aging, incident comorbidities, and drug therapies. In this executive summary of a European and Asia-Pacific Expert Consensus Paper, we comprehensively review the published evidence and propose a consensus on bleeding risk assessments in patients with AF and VTE, with a view to summarizing “best practice” when approaching antithrombotic therapy in these patients. We address the epidemiology and size of the problem of bleeding risk in AF and VTE, and review established bleeding risk factors and summarize definitions of bleeding. Patient values and preferences, balancing the risk of bleeding against thromboembolism, are reviewed, and the prognostic implications of bleeding are discussed. We propose consensus statements that may help to define evidence gaps and assist in everyday clinical practice.
Contraceptive Counseling for the Transgender Patient Assigned Female at Birth
Authors: Okano Sérgio Henrique Pires , Pellicciotta Giovanna Giulia Milan , Braga Giordana Campos
Published: July 2022

Although almost 0.7% of the Brazilian population identifies as transgender, there is currently no training for healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care to these patients, including the discussion of reproductive planning. The use of testosterone promotes amenorrhea in the first months of use; however, this effect does not guarantee contraceptive efficacy, and, consequently, increases the risks of unplanned pregnancy. The present article is an integrative review with the objective of evaluating and organizing the approach of contraceptive counseling for the transgender population who were assigned female at birth. We used the PubMed and Embase databases for our search, as well as international guidelines on care for the transgender population. Of 88 articles, 7 were used to develop the contraceptive counseling model. The model follows the following steps: 1. Addressing the information related to the need for contraception; 2. Evaluation of contraindications to the use of contraceptive methods (hormonal and nonhormonal); and 3. Side effects and possible discomfort associated with the use of contraception. The contraceptive counseling model is composed of 18 questions that address the indications and contraindications to the use of these methods, and a flowchart to assist patients in choosing a method that suits their needs.
An approach to p-adic qubits from irreducible representations of SO(3)p
Authors: Svampa Ilaria , Mancini Stefano , Winter Andreas
Published: July 2022

We introduce the notion of a p-adic quantum bit (p-qubit) in the context of the p-adic quantum mechanics initiated and developed after the seminal paper of Volovich [Theor. Math. Phys. 71, 574 (1987)]. In this approach, physics takes place in a three-dimensional p-adic space rather than Euclidean space. Based on our prior work describing the p-adic special orthogonal group [Di Martino et al., arXiv:2104.06228 [math.NT] (2021)], we outline a program to classify its continuous unitary projective representations, which can be interpreted as a theory of p-adic angular momentum. The p-adic quantum bit arises from the irreducible representations of minimal nontrivial dimension two, of which we construct examples for all primes p.
A fractal friction model for nanoscale rough surface contact
Authors: Wang Hui , Cui Jiwen , Wu Jianwei , Tan Jiubin
Published: July 2022

In ultra-precision equipment, nanoscale rough surface contact widely exists, and the adhesion between interfaces has become a critical component in researching the friction phenomenon. However, adhesion is not considered in traditional friction models. In this study, the adhesion model between fractal contact surfaces is established by proposing the critical truncated area of adhesion, acut′, and a new friction model considering adhesion is established by combining with the traditional model. The present model shows that adhesion increases as the fractal dimension (D) increases or the surface roughness coefficient (G) decreases when contact occurs between nanoscale rough surfaces. The friction coefficient calculated based on the new model is larger than that of the traditional model, especially when G is small. In addition, a static friction force measurement system was built by using the reticle and vacuum chuck in the lithography system. The experimental system measured the maximum static friction between the chuck and the reticle under different normal loads, and the experimental results show that the new model proposed in this paper is more accurate in characterizing the static friction of nanoscale rough surfaces.
Detonation modeling with the particles on demand method
Authors: Sawant N. , Dorschner B. , Karlin I. V.
Published: July 2022

A kinetic model based on the particles on demand method is introduced for gas phase detonation hydrodynamics in conjunction with the Lee–Tarver reaction model. The proposed model is realized on two- and three-dimensional lattices and is validated with a set of benchmarks. Quantitative validation is performed with the Chapman–Jouguet theory up to a detonation wave speed of Mach 20 in one dimension. Two-dimensional outward expanding circular detonation is tested for isotropy of the model as well as for the asymptotic detonation wave speed. Mach reflection angles are verified in setups consisting of interacting strong bow shocks emanating from detonation. Spherical detonation is computed to show the viability of the proposed model for three-dimensional simulations.
Mechanism for sequestering magnetic energy at large scales in shear-flow turbulence
Authors: Tripathi B. , Fraser A. E. , Terry P. W. , Zweibel E. G. , Pueschel M. J.
Published: July 2022

Straining of magnetic fields by large-scale shear flow, which is generally assumed to lead to intensification and generation of small scales, is reexamined in light of the persistent observation of large-scale magnetic fields in astrophysics. It is shown that, in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, unstable shear flows have the unexpected effect of sequestering magnetic energy at large scales due to counteracting straining motion of nonlinearly excited large-scale stable eigenmodes. This effect is quantified via dissipation rates, energy transfer rates, and visualizations of magnetic field evolution by artificially removing the stable modes. These analyses show that predictions based upon physics of the linear instability alone miss substantial dynamics, including those of magnetic fluctuations.
Transitional model for rarefaction-driven Rayleigh−Taylor mixing on the diffuse interface
Authors: Wang Rui , Song Yang , Ma Zongqiang , Zhang Cunbo , Shi Xiaofeng , Wang Lili , Wang Pei
Published: July 2022

Large eddy simulations are performed to explore transitional characteristics with parametric variations under initial conditions for rarefaction-driven Rayleigh–Taylor mixing flows and to develop a transitional model for the prediction of transition onset. Three-dimensional, multi-mode perturbations imposed on the diffuse interface are excited by a rarefaction wave, resulting in a large but non-constant acceleration. Initial conditions investigated here profoundly impact characteristic transition times through the variation in the net contributions between the advection and pressure components dominated in the laminar regimes, making the spatial transition criteria sensitive and questionable as well as the temporal transition criteria insensitive and feasible. Therefore, a new transition model originating from empirical correlations and ignoring physical details is calibrated and tested in a series of numerical realizations, and it is certified that the modeling framework is sufficiently flexible, accurate, and robust and can be a promising strategy for handling complex transitional phenomena.
As-deposited ferroelectric HZO on a III–V semiconductor
Authors: Andersen André , Persson Anton E. O. , Wernersson Lars-Erik
Published: July 2022

By electrical characterization of thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition, HfxZr1−xO2 (HZO) is shown to be ferroelectric as-deposited, i.e., without any annealing step, using a thermal budget of 300 °C. By fabricating laminated HZO films rather than the traditional solid-solution HZO, a remanent polarization of Pr = 11 μC/cm2 and endurance exceeding 106 are obtained. Films grown on thermally reactive InAs semiconductor substrates showed capacitance–voltage modulation and hysteresis, which varied depending on interfacial oxide construction. Additionally, a trade-off between higher polarization and lower gate leakage was found when comparing different laminate structures and deposition temperatures. Scaling the thickness of the laminated oxides revealed that films remain ferroelectric at 6.5 nm with an increased breakdown field for thinner devices.