bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Dilatancy Model for Coarse-Grained Soil under the Influence of Freeze–Thaw Cycles
Authors: Ye Yangsheng , Cai Degou , Tian Shuang , Yan Hongye , Ling Xianzhang , Tang Liang , Wu Yike
Published: April 2022

In the era of high-speed trains, it is very important to ensure the safety and stability of rail tracks under adverse conditions including seasonal freezing and thawing. Freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) affecting the engineering performance of coarse-grained soil (CGS) is one of the major reasons for track deterioration. The reported results of a number of static freeze–thaw triaxial tests on the shear behaviour of CGS are analysed herein. It was observed that confining pressure (σ3) and FTCs have a significant influence on the shear behaviour of CGS. In this paper, an empirical mathematical model has been proposed to capture the dilatancy of CGS subjected to FTCs during shearing. The empirical constants a, b, and c proposed in the model are a function of σ3 and FTCs. The results of the model have been compared with the laboratory experiments and are found to be in good agreement.
Investigation on Water Transformation and Pore Structure of Cement-Stabilized Dredged Sediment Based on NMR Technology
Authors: Wang Shiquan , He Xingxing , Cai Guanghua , Lang Lei , Ma Hongrui , Gong Shunmei , Niu Zhiyong
Published: April 2022

Cement-stabilized dredged sediment (CDS) when used as a new road construction material cannot only solve the problem of abandoned sediment disposal, but also effectively save natural soil resources. This study aimed to evaluate the strength and permeability of CDS and establish corresponding prediction models from the perspective of a stabilization mechanism. The soil–water composition and pore size distribution were investigated by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The results demonstrated that more liquid pore water inside the CDS specimen transformed into combined water with cement hydration. The amount of combined water, which essentially characterized the hydration process of cement, presented a linear relationship with log (t). The cementation and filling action of hydrates resulted in the transformation of large pores into smaller ones, hence the optimal pore size decreased with an increasing curing period and cement content. The stress–strain curves and hydraulic conductivity were determined based on unconfined compression and flexible wall penetration tests, respectively. The unconfined compressive strength increased exponentially with the amount of combined water, and the functional correlations of hydraulic conductivity and micropore parameters were established. The reliability of the NMR technique as a new method to study the microscopic evolution mechanism of the strength and permeability of CDS was further verified by scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry tests.
Modelling the Vulnerability of Financial Accounting Systems during Global Challenges: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Zlati Monica Laura , Ionescu Romeo Victor , Antohi Valentin Marian
Published: April 2022

In times of crisis, the vulnerability of global financial markets can be considered as an element in the analysis of economic stability and sustainable development, which also indicates significant differences in the recognition of economic capital. We aimed to analyse the convergence of accounting systems within a global context under the influence of economic crises and uncertainty, which was based on an observational study of the major financial markets in Paris, New York and Shanghai during the period of 2015–2022. A dedicated database was built using official information. The main objective of the study was to develop a volatility matrix of the gravity development model in relation to the characteristics of the accounting systems on which economic capital recognition is based. The proposed model highlights regional disparities according to relevant statistical grounds and quantifies the volatility issues that are induced by the application of economic capital recognition rules on the global model. The methods that were used consisted of a critical study of the literature to substantiate the research hypotheses and an application of analytical procedures to define, test and validate the proposed statistical model. The usefulness of the model is all the more important because its development took into account the pandemic period and the outbreak of the military conflict in Ukraine, which helped to create pragmatic tools to ensure the faster convergence of accounting systems and limit the spread of vulnerabilities through open transactions on the global market. The results of the research can support decision makers in accessing regional financial markets and achieving a better convergence of accounting information. The study and its approach were new and original and the results represent a good base for accounting policy adjustments from a global perspective.
New Monotonic Properties of the Class of Positive Solutions of Even-Order Neutral Differential Equations
Authors: Almarri Barakah , Ramos Higinio , Moaaz Osama
Published: April 2022

In this study, new asymptotic properties of positive solutions of the even-order neutral delay differential equation with the noncanonical operator are established. The new properties are of an iterative nature, which allows it to be applied several times. Using these properties, we obtain new criteria to exclude a class from the positive solutions of the studied equation, using the comparison principles.
Is the Superficial Peritendinous Tissue an Additional Pain Driver in Patellar Tendinopathy?—Studies on Morphology and Innervation in a Case Series
Authors: Spang Christoph , Masci Lorenzo , Alfredson Håkan
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives: Ultrasound (US) and Doppler (DP) guided arthroscopic shaving targeting the area with neovessels and nerves on the dorsal side of the tendon has shown good clinical results. Recently, we observed that in a sub-group of patients there is also local tenderness on the superficial side of the proximal patellar tendon; Material and Methods: The aim was to examine morphology and innervation patterns of the superficial peritendinous tissue from patients (four men and two women; mean age 23 years, range 17–31 years) that on US+DP examination showed a locally thickened paratenon including high blood flow. Tissue sections were stained for morphology (hematoxylin and eosin, H&E) and immunohistochemically for nerve markers (β-tubulin; tyrosine hydroxylase, TH; calcitonin related gene peptide, CRGP); Results: All tissue specimens contained high levels of blood vessels and nerves (fascicles, sprouting nerve fibers, perivascular innervation) as evidenced by evaluation for H&E and β-tubulin reactions. Nerve fascicles mainly contained sensory but also sympathetic axons. Nerves related to blood vessels were sympathetic fibers; Conclusions: There was a marked innervation in the superficial peritendinous tissue in a sub-group of patients with patellar tendinopathy and severe tenderness in the proximal patellar tendon. The results indicate that this tissue might be an additional pain driver in some patients and should be considered in further studies.
Serum BDNF and Selenium Levels in Elite Athletes Exposed to Blows
Authors: Ozan Murat , Buzdağli Yusuf , Baygutalp Nurcan Kılıç , Yüce Neslihan , Baygutalp Fatih , Bakan Ebubekir
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the combined acute and long-term effects of exposure to blows and exercise on serum BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and selenium levels. Materials and Methods: Serum BDNF and selenium levels were determined in 40 male elite athletes before and after vigorous exercise (training match) with a probability of exposure to blows and in 10 sedentary men subjected to exercise (Astrand running protocol). Results: Serum BDNF levels were found 11.50 ± 3.50 ng/mL before exercise and 14.02 ± 3.15 ng/mL after exercise in the athlete group (p = 0.02), and 12.18 ± 4.55 ng/ mL and 11.74 ± 2.48 ng/ mL before and after exercise in the sedentary group, respectively (p = 0.873). Serum BDNF (pre-exercise, baseline) levels were slightly lower in the athlete group than those in the sedentary group (11.50 ± 3.50 and 12.18 ± 4.55 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.796). Pre-exercise serum selenium levels in athletes were significantly higher compared to those of sedentary participants (130.53 ± 36.79 and 95.51 ± 20.57 µg/L, respectively, p = 0.011). There was no difference in selenium levels after exercise (124.01 ± 29.96 µg/L) compared to pre-exercise (130.53 ± 36.79 µg/L) in the athlete group (p = 0.386). Similarly, there was no difference in selenium levels after exercise (113.28 ± 25.51 µg/L) compared to pre-exercise (95.51 ± 20.57 µg/L) in the sedentary group (p = 0.251). Conclusions: BDNF results show that even if athletes are exposed to blows, they may be protected from the long-term effects of blows thanks to the protective effect of their non-sedentary lifestyle. Regular exercise may have a protective effect on maintaining serum selenium levels in athletes even exposed to blows chronically.
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine: A Brief Review of the Hands-On Treatment Approaches and Their Therapeutic Uses
Authors: Roberts Ashley , Harris Kaylee , Outen Bethany , Bukvic Amar , Smith Ben , Schultz Adam , Bergman Stephen , Mondal Debasis
Published: April 2022

Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) is an emerging practice in the healthcare field with increasing popularity and evidence-based therapy. Osteopathic manipulative treatments (OMT) include hands-on manipulations of different body structures to increase systemic homeostasis and total patient well-being. Indeed, this new realm of the whole patient-based approach is being taught in osteopathic schools around the country, and the osteopathic principles of a mind-body-spirit-based treatment are being instilled in many new Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O.) students. However, despite their proven therapeutic value, there are still many individuals, both in and outside the medical profession, who are unaware (or misinformed) of the therapeutic uses and potential benefits of OMT. Here, we provide a brief introduction to this osteopathic therapeutic approach, focusing on the hands-on techniques that are regularly implemented in the clinical setting. It is becoming increasingly evident that different OMTs can be implemented to enhance patient recovery, both alone and in conjunction with the targeted therapies used in allopathic regimens. Therefore, it may be beneficial to inform the general medical community and educate the public and those associated with the healthcare field about the benefits of using OMT as a treatment modality. OMT is lower-cost, noninvasive, and highly effective in promoting full-body healing by targeting the nervous, lymphatic, immune, and vascular systems. There is a growing body of literature related to osteopathic research and the possible molecular pathways involved in the healing process, and this burgeoning field of medicine is expected to increase in value in the healthcare field. This brief review article explains the frequently utilized OMT modalities and their recognized therapeutic benefits, which underscore the need to understand the possible molecular mechanisms and circulating biomarkers linked to the systemic benefits of osteopathic medicine.
Green Chemistry and Molecularly Imprinted Membranes
Authors: Donato Laura , Nasser Imen Iben , Majdoub Mustapha , Drioli Enrico
Published: April 2022

Technological progress has made chemistry assume a role of primary importance in our daily life. However, the worsening of the level of environmental pollution is increasingly leading to the realization of more eco-friendly chemical processes due to the advent of green chemistry. The challenge of green chemistry is to produce more and better while consuming and rejecting less. It represents a profitable approach to address environmental problems and the new demands of industrial competitiveness. The concept of green chemistry finds application in several material syntheses such as organic, inorganic, and coordination materials and nanomaterials. One of the different goals pursued in the field of materials science is the application of GC for producing sustainable green polymers and membranes. In this context, extremely relevant is the application of green chemistry in the production of imprinted materials by means of its combination with molecular imprinting technology. Referring to this issue, in the present review, the application of the concept of green chemistry in the production of polymeric materials is discussed. In addition, the principles of green molecular imprinting as well as their application in developing greenificated, imprinted polymers and membranes are presented. In particular, green actions (e.g., the use of harmless chemicals, natural polymers, ultrasound-assisted synthesis and extraction, supercritical CO2, etc.) characterizing the imprinting and the post-imprinting process for producing green molecularly imprinted membranes are highlighted.
Recent Developments in Medium and High Manganese Steels
Authors: Scott Colin P.
Published: April 2022

A huge amount of intellectual effort is currently being devoted to the study of medium and high manganese steels due to the diverse and impressive mechanical properties that can be achieved with these steels [...]
Characterization of Galvanizing Flue Dust and Recycling Possibilities
Authors: Pirošková Jana , Klimko Jakub , Trpčevská Jarmila , Laubertová Martina , Plešingerová Beatrice , Liptai Pavol , Vindt Tomáš , Oráč Dušan
Published: April 2022

Waste generation is a part of every technological process, including galvanizing. The presented paper deals with the characterization of flue dust generated in the process of hot-dip galvanizing, and proposes possible methods for zinc recycling. The flue dust is released into the atmosphere as a white fume above the zinc bath, which is caused by the decomposition of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride present in the flux. This dust is classified as hazardous waste and is a material with a particle size below 90 µm. In addition to zinc and iron compounds, it contains water vapor and oils. The presented elemental, phase, and other characteristic methods of flue dust are important for the subsequent selection of a suitable method for processing the material. At present, this waste is not processed separately due to its low production, which is approximately 0.3 kg per 1 tonne of galvanized steel. The proposed hydrometallurgical recycling method enables the processing of flue dust on a small scale and enables the recovery of high-purity zinc in the form of metallic zinc or zinc oxide.
Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Study of Masked Corrosion Protection of 304 Stainless Steel Processed with Nanosecond Pulsed Laser
Authors: Wang Shuming , Tong Han , Wang Dong , Li Xiaohai
Published: April 2022

A three-dimensional finite element model of nanosecond pulsed laser processing is developed, given the variation of thermal physical parameters with temperature during the laser processing of metallic materials. The effect of process parameters on the temperature field is analyzed by simulating the temperature field of 304 stainless steel processed by nanosecond lasers. Temperature is the most sensitive to repetition frequency. The effects of power, spot diameter, scanning speed, and scan line spacing on temperature decrease successively. The quantitative analysis of the relationship between processing parameters and temperature provides a basis for the corrosion-resistant mask processing parameters on the surface of 304 stainless steel. The applicable laser processing parameters are given according to the results of the orthogonal simulation experiments; the masks and experimental studies on corrosion resistance are carried out. Experimental results show that the corrosion potential of the mask increased by a maximum of 326 mV and the corrosion current decreased by a maximum of 479 nA/cm2 in the passivation electrolyte. Localized electrolysis of the material surface is carried out using the mask provided by the corrosion-resistant surface, and thus the micro-patterns of more complex shapes are processed. This study offers a new path for the micro electrolytic processing mask process.
Past and Present of Electrochemical Sensors and Methods for Amphenicol Antibiotic Analysis
Authors: David Iulia Gabriela , Buleandra Mihaela , Popa Dana Elena , Cheregi Mihaela Carmen , Iorgulescu Emilia Elena
Published: April 2022

Amphenicols are broad-spectrum antibiotics. Despite their benefits, they also present toxic effects and therefore their presence in animal-derived food was regulated. Various analytical methods have been reported for their trace analysis in food and environmental samples, as well as in the quality control of pharmaceuticals. Among these methods, the electrochemical ones are simpler, more rapid and cost-effective. The working electrode is the core of any electroanalytical method because the selectivity and sensitivity of the determination depend on its surface activity. Therefore, this review offers a comprehensive overview of the electrochemical sensors and methods along with their performance characteristics for chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol and florfenicol detection, with a focus on those reported in the last five years. Electrode modification procedures and analytical applications of the recently described devices for amphenicol electroanalysis in various matrices (pharmaceuticals, environmental, foods), together with the sample preparation methods were discussed. Therefore, the information and the concepts contained in this review can be a starting point for future new findings in the field of amphenicol electrochemical detection.
A Review on Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Raut Prasad , Kishnani Vinay , Mondal Kunal , Gupta Ankur , Jana Sadhan C.
Published: April 2022

Significant growth has been observed in the research domain of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to the simplicity in its manufacturing, low cost, and high-energy conversion efficiency. The electrolytes in DSSCs play an important role in determining the photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs, e.g., volatile liquid electrolytes suffer from poor thermal stability. Although low volatility liquid electrolytes and solid polymer electrolytes circumvent the stability issues, gel polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and enduring stability are stimulating substitutes for liquid electrolytes in DSSC. In this review paper, the advantages of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are discussed along with other types of electrolytes, e.g., solid polymer electrolytes and p-type semiconductor-based electrolytes. The benefits of incorporating ionic liquids into GPEs are highlighted in conjunction with the factors that affect the ionic conductivity of GPEs. The strategies on the improvement of the properties of DSSCs based on GPE are also presented.
Microbial Interactions with Particulate and Floating Pollutants in the Oceans: A Review
Authors: da Fonseca Estefan Monteiro , Gaylarde Christine , Baptista Neto José Antônio , Camacho Chab Juan Carlos , Ortega-Morales Otto
Published: April 2022

The Earth’s oceans are the final resting place of anthropogenic wastes, mainly plastics, metals, rubber, and fabrics, in order of decreasing abundance. On reaching the sea and the benthos, most of these have assumed fragmented or particulate forms. They become colonized by marine microorganisms and later interact with macroorganisms, leading to potential problems with marine life and the ecosystem. Rapid biodegradation of the polluting materials is a possible, and desirable, result if harmful by-products are not produced or toxic constituents are released. Negative effects are the transport of organisms to other ecosystems, with possible disturbance of the natural biological balance, or transfer of pathogenic organisms. A microbial biofilm can mask unattractive anthropogenic materials, increasing ingestion by marine life, with potentially dangerous results. This article seeks to provide a synthesis of the interactions occurring between oceanic anthropogenic polluting matter in solid and particulate form, and the microbiota present in our seas. It discusses the most important solid and particulate pollutants in the oceans, their sources, adverse effects, interactions with living organisms, mainly microorganisms, and future research for their control. Pollutants included are marine litter (macrodebris), microplastics, engineered nanoparticles, metallic particles, and, finally, sinking particles (“marine snow”) as a potential biodegradation “hot spot”.
Diversity Patterns of Protists Are Highly Affected by Methods Disentangling Biological Variants: A Case Study in Oligotrich (s.l.) Ciliates
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Han Jianlin , Su Hua , Zhu Changyu , Quan Zijing , Wu Lei , Yi Zhenzhen
Published: April 2022

Protists are a dominant group in marine microplankton communities and play important roles in energy flux and nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems. Environmental sequences produced by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods are increasingly used for inferring the diversity and distribution patterns of protists. However, studies testing whether methods disentangling biological variants affect the diversity and distribution patterns of protists using field samples are insufficient. Oligotrich (s.l.) ciliates are one group of the abundant and dominant planktonic protists in coastal waters and open oceans. Using oligotrich (s.l.) ciliates in field samples as an example, the present study indicates that DADA2 performs better than SWARM, UNOISE, UPARSE, and UCLUST for inferring diversity patterns of oligotrich (s.l.) ciliates in the Pearl River Estuary and surrounding regions. UPARSE and UNOISE might underestimate species richness. SWARM might not be suitable for the resolution of alpha diversity owing to its rigorous clustering and sensitivity to sequence variations. UCLUST with 99% clustering threshold overestimates species richness, and the beta diversity pattern inferred by DADA2 is more reasonable than that of the other methods. Additionally, salinity is shown to be one of the key factors responsible for variations in the community distribution of ciliates, but infrequent marine–freshwater transitions occurred during evolutionary terms of this group.
Detection of Antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. in Dromedary Camels and Co-Grazing Sheep in Northern Kenya Using an Ehrlichia ruminantium Polyclonal Competitive ELISA
Authors: Collins Marisol , Ngetich Collins , Owido Milton , Getange Dennis , Harris Robert , Bargul Joel L. , Bodha Boku , Njoroge Daniel , Muloi Dishon , Martins Dino J. , Villinger Jandouwe , Githaka Naftaly , Baylis Matthew , Fèvre Eric M. , Kanduma Esther , Younan Mario , Bell-Sakyi Lesley
Published: April 2022

A disease with clinical and post-mortem presentation similar to those seen in heartwater, a tick-borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by the intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium, was first reported in dromedary camels in Kenya in 2016; investigations carried out at the time to determine the cause were inconclusive. In the present study, we screened sera from Kenyan camels collected before (2015) and after (2020) the 2016 disease outbreak for antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. using an E. ruminantium polyclonal competitive ELISA (PC-ELISA). Median antibody levels were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) amongst camels originating from areas where the heartwater-like disease was reported than from disease-free areas, for animals sampled in both 2015 and 2020. Overall median seropositivity was higher in camels sampled in 2015 than in 2020, which could have been due to higher mean age in the former group. Camels that were PCR-positive for Candidatus Ehrlichia regneryi had significantly lower (p = 0.03) median antibody levels than PCR-negative camels. Our results indicate that Kenyan camels are frequently exposed to E. ruminantium from an early age, E. ruminantium was unlikely to have been the sole cause of the outbreak of heartwater-like disease; and Ca. E. regneryi does not appreciably cross-react with E. ruminantium in the PC-ELISA.
Band Polarization Effect on the Kondo State in a Zigzag Silicene Nanoribbon
Authors: Diniz Ginetom S. , Vernek Edson , Martins George B.
Published: April 2022

Using the Numerical Renormalization Group method, we study the properties of a quantum impurity coupled to a zigzag silicene nanoribbon (ZSNR) that is subjected to the action of a magnetic field applied in a generic direction. We propose a simulation of what a scanning tunneling microscope will see when investigating the Kondo peak of a magnetic impurity coupled to the metallic edge of this topologically non-trivial nanoribbon. This system is subjected to an external magnetic field that polarizes the host much more strongly than the impurity. Thus, we are indirectly analyzing the ZSNR polarization through the STM analysis of the fate of the Kondo state subjected to the influence of the polarized conduction electron band. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that the spin-orbit-coupling-generated band polarization anisotropy is strong enough to have a qualitative effect on the Kondo peak for magnetic fields applied along different directions, suggesting that this contrast could be experimentally detected.
Formulation of Chlorine-Dioxide-Releasing Nanofibers for Disinfection in Humid and CO2-Rich Environment
Authors: Palcsó Barnabás , Kazsoki Adrienn , Herczegh Anna , Ghidán Ágoston , Pinke Balázs , Mészáros László , Zelkó Romána
Published: April 2022

Background: Preventing infectious diseases has become particularly relevant in the past few years. Therefore, antiseptics that are harmless and insusceptible to microbial resistance mechanisms are desired in medicine and public health. In our recent work, a poly(ethylene oxide)-based nanofibrous mat loaded with sodium chlorite was formulated. Methods: We tested the chlorine dioxide production and bacterial inactivation of the fibers in a medium, modeling the parameters of human exhaled air (ca. 5% (v/v) CO2, T = 37 °C, RH > 95%). The morphology and microstructure of the fibers were investigated via scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Results: Smooth-surfaced, nanoscale fibers were produced. The ClO2-producing ability of the fibers decreased from 65.8 ppm/mg to 4.8 ppm/mg with the increase of the sample weight from 1 to 30 mg. The effect of CO2 concentration and exposure time was also evaluated. The antibacterial activity of the fibers was tested in a 24 h experiment. The sodium-chlorite-loaded fibers showed substantial antibacterial activity. Conclusions: Chlorine dioxide was liberated into the gas phase in the presence of CO2 and water vapor, eliminating the bacteria. Sodium-chlorite-loaded nanofibers can be sources of prolonged chlorine dioxide production and subsequent pathogen inactivation in a CO2-rich and humid environment. Based on the results, further evaluation of the possible application of the formulation in face-mask filters as medical devices is encouraged.
Comparative Study of Pd–Ni Bimetallic Catalysts Supported on UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2 in Selective 1,3-Butadiene Hydrogenation
Authors: Liu Lili , Yu Lei , Zhou Xiaojing , Xin Chunling , Sun Songyuan , Liu Zhidong , Zhang Jinyu , Liu Ying , Tai Xishi
Published: April 2022

Selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene (BD) is regarded as the most promising route for removing BD from butene streams. Bimetallic Pd–Ni catalysts with changed Pd/Ni molar ratios and monometallic Pd catalysts were synthesized using two differently structured metal-organic framework supports: UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2. The effects of the structure of support and the molar ratio of Pd/Ni on the catalytic property of selective BD hydrogenation were studied. The Pd–Ni bimetallic supported catalysts, PdNi/UiO-66 (1:1) and PdNi/UiO-66-NH2 (1:1), exhibited fine catalytic property at low temperature. Compared with UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2 with a certain number of alkaline sites could reduce the catalytic activity for the BD hydrogenation reaction. However, the alkaline environment of UiO-66-NH2 is helpful to improve the butene selectivity. PdNi/UiO-66-NH2 (1:1) catalyst presented better stability than PdNi/UiO-66 (1:1) under the reaction conditions, caused by the strong interaction between the –NH2 groups of UiO-66-NH2 and PdNi NPs. Moreover, the PdNi/UiO-66-NH2 (1:1) catalyst presented good reproducibility in the hydrogenation of BD. These findings afford a beneficial guidance for the design and preparation of efficient catalysts for selective BD hydrogenation.
Association between Dysphagia and Frailty in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Ru-Yung , Yang An-Yun , Chen Yong-Chen , Lee Shyh-Dye , Lee Shao-Huai , Chen Jeng-Wen
Published: April 2022

Background: Increasing bodies of epidemiological evidence indicate potential associations between dysphagia and the risk of frailty in older adults. We hypothesized that older adults with symptoms of dysphagia might have a higher prevalence of frailty or prefrailty than those without dysphagia. Methods: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies published through 20 April 2022. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that examined the associations between dysphagia and the existence of frailty or prefrailty in community-dwelling, facility-dwelling, or hospitalized adults aged 50 years or older were synthesized. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate study quality. Results: The meta-analysis comprised 12 cohorts, including 5,503,543 non-frailty participants and 735,303 cases of frailty or prefrailty. Random-effect meta-analysis demonstrated a significant association between dysphagia and the risk of frailty and prefrailty (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 2.51–4.20). In addition, we observed consistent results across the subgroups and heterogeneity assessments. Conclusions: We propose including dysphagia assessment as a critical factor in the cumulative deficit model for identifying frailty in older adults. Understanding dysphagia and the potential role of nutritional supplements in older adults may lead to improved strategies for preventing, delaying, or mitigating frailty.
Nutrition for Infant Feeding
Authors: Consales Alessandra , Morniroli Daniela , Vizzari Giulia , Mosca Fabio , Giannì Maria Lorella
Published: April 2022

It has long been demonstrated that nutrition in the first 1000 days of life can affect health outcomes later in life [...]
Prevalence of Childhood Obesity by Country, Family Socio-Demographics, and Parental Obesity in Europe: The Feel4Diabetes Study
Authors: Moschonis George , Siopis George , Anastasiou Costas , Iotova Violeta , Stefanova Tanya , Dimova Roumyana , Rurik Imre , Radó Anette Si , Cardon Greet , De Craemer Marieke , Lindström Jaana , Moreno Luis A. , De Miguel-Etayo Pilar , Makrilakis Konstantinos , Liatis Stavros , Manios Yannis ,   on behalf of the Feel4Diabetes-study Group
Published: April 2022

The Feel4Diabetes study recruited 12,193 children (age: 8.20 ±1.01 years) and their parents from six European countries as part of the broader attempt to prevent type 2 diabetes. The current work collected data pre-intervention to identify the prevalence of childhood obesity by country and describe its association with socio-demographic characteristics and parental obesity status. One in four children were overweight or obese, and one in four families had at least one obese parent. Multivariate logistic regression examined the associations between childhood obesity, family socio-demographics, and parental obesity status. Children had a higher chance of being overweight or obese if they were living in “low income” countries (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.74) and countries “under economic crisis” (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.89, 3.24) compared to “high-income” countries; if their fathers completed fewer than nine years of education (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.54, 3.05) compared to children whose fathers had a higher level (>14 years) of education; and if one (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.62) or both of their parents (OR: 6.83, 95% CI: 5.15, 9.05) were obese. Future childhood obesity prevention-programs should target the whole family while taking into consideration the socioeconomic and weight status of parents. Future research should examine these associations in more countries and in socio-demographically diverse populations in order to facilitate the generalisability of the present study’s findings.
Serological Assays for Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis—A Comparative Multi-Test Study in Switzerland and Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Kronenberg Philipp A. , Deibel Ansgar , Gottstein Bruno , Grimm Felix , Müllhaupt Beat , Meyer zu Schwabedissen Cordula , Aitbaev Sezdbek , Omorov Rakhatbek A. , Abdykerimov Kubanychbek K. , Minbaeva Gulnara , Usubalieva Jumagul , Siles-Lucas Mar , Pepe Paola , Rinaldi Laura , Spiliotis Markus , Wang Junhua , Müller Norbert , Torgerson Paul R. , Deplazes Peter
Published: April 2022

Both alveolar (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) are lacking pathognomonic clinical signs; consequently imaging technologies and serology remain the main pillars for diagnosis. The present study included 100 confirmed treatment-naïve AE and 64 CE patients that were diagnosed in Switzerland or Kyrgyzstan. Overall, 10 native Echinococcus spp. antigens, 3 recombinant antigens, and 4 commercial assays were comparatively evaluated. All native E. multilocularis antigens were produced in duplicates with a European and a Kyrgyz isolate and showed identical test values for the diagnosis of AE and CE. Native antigens and three commercial tests showed high diagnostic sensitivities (Se: 86–96%) and specificities (Sp: 96–99%) for the diagnosis of AE and CE in Swiss patients. In Kyrgyz patients, values of sensitivities and specificities were 10–20% lower as compared to the Swiss patients’ findings. For the sero-diagnosis of AE in Kyrgyzstan, a test-combination of an E. multilocularis protoscolex antigen and the recombinant antigen Em95 appears to be the most suitable test strategy (Se: 98%, Sp: 87%). For the diagnosis of CE in both countries, test performances were hampered by major cross-reactions with AE patients and other parasitic diseases as well as by limited diagnostic sensitivities (93% in Switzerland and 76% in Kyrgyzstan, respectively).
Development of a Promising 18F-Radiotracer for PET Imaging Legumain Activity In Vivo
Authors: Lu Chunmei , Wang Xiuting , Wang Qiqi , Zhang Lixia , Lin Jianguo , Qiu Ling
Published: April 2022

Legumain has been found overexpressed in several cancers, which serves as an important biomarker for cancer diagnosis. In this research, a novel fluorine-18 labeled radioactive tracer [18F]SF-AAN targeting legumain was designed and synthesized for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Nonradioactive probe [19F]SF-AAN was obtained through chemical and solid phase peptide synthesis. After a simple one-step 18F labeling, the radiotracer [18F]SF-AAN was obtained with a high radiochemical conversion rate (>85%) and radiochemical purity (99%) as well as high molar activity (12.77 ± 0.50 MBq/nmol). The targeting specificity of [18F]SF-AAN for detecting legumain activity was investigated systematically in vitro and in vivo. In vitro cellular uptake assay showed that the uptake of [18F]SF-AAN in legumain-positive MDA-MB-468 cells was twice as much as that in legumain-negative PC-3 cells at 4 h. In vivo PET imaging revealed that the tumor uptake of [18F]SF-AAN in MDA-MB-468 tumor-bearing mice was about 2.7 times of that in PC-3 tumor-bearing mice at 10 min post injection. The experimental results indicated that [18F]SF-AAN could serve as a promising PET tracer for detecting the legumain expression sensitively and specifically, which would be beneficial for the diagnosis of legumain-related diseases.
High-Dose Acetaminophen Alters the Integrity of the Blood–Brain Barrier and Leads to Increased CNS Uptake of Codeine in Rats
Authors: Yang Junzhi , Betterton Robert D. , Williams Erica I. , Stanton Joshua A. , Reddell Elizabeth S. , Ogbonnaya Chidinma E. , Dorn Emma , Davis Thomas P. , Lochhead Jeffrey J. , Ronaldson Patrick T.
Published: April 2022

The consumption of acetaminophen (APAP) can induce neurological changes in human subjects; however, effects of APAP on blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity are unknown. BBB changes by APAP can have profound consequences for brain delivery of co-administered drugs. To study APAP effects, female Sprague–Dawley rats (12–16 weeks old) were administered vehicle (i.e., 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or APAP (80 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg in DMSO, i.p.; equivalent to a 900 mg or 5600 mg daily dose for a 70 kg human subject). BBB permeability was measured via in situ brain perfusion using [14C]sucrose and [3H]codeine, an opioid analgesic drug that is co-administered with APAP (i.e., Tylenol #3). Localization and protein expression of tight junction proteins (i.e., claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1) were studied in rat brain microvessels using Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy, respectively. Paracellular [14C]sucrose “leak” and brain [3H]codeine accumulation were significantly enhanced in rats treated with 500 mg/kg APAP only. Additionally, claudin-5 localization and protein expression were altered in brain microvessels isolated from rats administered 500 mg/kg APAP. Our novel and translational data show that BBB integrity is altered following a single high APAP dose, results that are relevant to patients abusing or misusing APAP and/or APAP/opioid combination products.
Focusing of a Laser Beam Passed through a Moderately Scattering Medium Using Phase-Only Spatial Light Modulator
Authors: Galaktionov Ilya , Nikitin Alexander , Sheldakova Julia , Toporovsky Vladimir , Kudryashov Alexis
Published: April 2022

The rarely considered case of laser beam propagation and focusaing through the moderately scattering medium was researched. A phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) with 1920×1080 pixel resolution was used to increase the efficiency of focusing of laser radiation propagated through the 5 mm layer of the scattering suspension of 1 µm polystyrene microbeads in distilled water with the concentration values ranging from 105 to 106 mm−3. A CCD camera with micro-objective was used to estimate the intensity distribution of the far-field focal spot. A Shack-Hartmann sensor was used to measure wavefront distortions. The conducted experimental research demonstrated the 8% increase in integral intensity and 16% decrease in diameter of the far-field focal spot due to the use of the SLM for laser beam focusing.
Mode Coupling and Steady-State Distribution in Multimode Step-Index Organic Glass-Clad PMMA Fibers
Authors: Savović Svetislav , Djordjevich Alexandar , Savović Isidora , Min Rui
Published: April 2022

Mode coupling and power diffusion in multimode step-index (SI) organic glass-clad (OGC) PMMA fiber is examined in this study using the power flow equation (PFE). Using our previously proposed approach we determine the coupling coefficient D for this fiber. When compared to standard multimode SI PMMA fibers, the multimode SI OGC PMMA fiber has similar mode coupling strength. As a result, the fiber length required to achieve the steady-state distribution (SSD) in SI OGC PMMA fibers is similar to that required in standard SI PMMA fibers. We have confirmed that optical fibers with a plastic core show more intense mode coupling than those with a glass core, regardless of the cladding material. These findings could be valuable in communication and sensory systems that use multimode SI OGC PMMA fiber. In this work, we have demonstrated a successful employment of our previously proposed method for determination of the coupling coefficient D in multimode SI OGC PMMA fiber. This method has already been successfully employed in the previous research of mode coupling in multimode SI glass optical fibers, SI PMMA fibers and SI plastic-clad silica optical fibers.
Arabinoxylan-Carboxymethylcellulose Composite Films for Antibiotic Delivery to Infected Wounds
Authors: Alruwaili Nabil K. , Ahmad Naveed , Alzarea Abdulaziz I. , Alomar Fadhel A. , Alquraini Ali , Akhtar Sultan , Shahari Muhammad Syafiq Bin , Zafar Ameeduzzafar , Elmowafy Mohammed , Elkomy Mohammed H. , Dolzhenko Anton V. , Iqbal Mohammad Saeed
Published: April 2022

Modern dressings should provide for local delivery of antibiotics and protect the wound from bacterial infection, dehydration and environmental factors to achieve optimal healing. The local delivery of antibiotics can reduce adverse effects and resistance challenges. In this study, we fabricated film dressings composed of arabinoxylan (AX) from Plantago ovata seed husks and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) by a solvent cast method for the delivery of the antibiotic amikacin (AMK). To determine the suitability of the prepared AX-CMC composite films as wound dressings and drug delivery materials, their physical, chemical, mechanical, morphological, thermal, pharmaceutical, antimicrobial, cytocompatible, and drug delivery properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that the dressings were suitable for delivering the drug at the wound site in a sustained manner and keeping the environment moist for rapid healing. The AMK-loaded AX-CMC films exhibited controlled release of AMK, excellent antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility. Thus, the AX-CMC composite films appear to be promising bioactive dressing materials for the prevention of wound infections.
In-Depth Analysis of the High Strain Rate Compressive Behavior of RTM6 Epoxy Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Elmahdy Ahmed , Zotti Aldobenedetto , Borriello Anna , Zarrelli Mauro , Verleysen Patricia
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of strain rate on the compressive behavior of the highly cross-linked RTM6 epoxy resin used in advanced aerospace composites. Dynamic compression tests were performed using a split Hopkinson pressure bar, along with reference quasi-static compression tests, to cover a strain rate range from 0.001 to 1035 s−1. Special attention was paid to the optimization of the test methodologies in order to obtain material data free of bias related to the use of different load introduction techniques and sample geometries over the considered strain rate range. In addition, the use of full-field 3D deformation measurements allowed the validation of traditional test and material assumptions. A novel self-alignment tool was developed to enable perfect interfacial contact during compression loading. The 3D digital image correlation technique was used to measure the instantaneous deformation of the sample during compression at different strain rates. Results showed a pronounced strain rate sensitivity of the RTM6 epoxy in compression. The peak yield strength increased with increasing strain rate, while the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio in compression were independent of the strain rate. The barreling of the sample in compression, quantified by the barreling ratio, showed an increase during the progression of the compression tests. However, the barreling ratio significantly decreased with the increasing strain rate. Finally, it was shown that neglecting the significant volume change in the yield stages gave rise to a non-negligible underestimation of the strength of the material.
Hybrid Macrocyclic Polymers: Self-Assembly Containing Cucurbit[m]uril-pillar[n]arene
Authors: Liu Zhaona , Li Zhizheng , Li Bing , Zhou Le , Zhang Huacheng , Han Jie
Published: April 2022

Supramolecular self-assembly by hybrid macrocycles containing both cucurbit[m]uril (CB[m]) and pillar[n]arene was discussed and summarized in this review. Due to different solubility, diverse-sized cavities, and various driving forces in recognizing guests, the role of CB[m] and pillar[n]arene in such hybrid macrocyclic systems could switch between competitor in capturing specialized guests, and cooperator for building advanced hybridized macrocycles, by controlling their characteristics in host–guest inclusions. Furthermore, both CB[m] and pillar[n]arene were employed for fabricating advanced supramolecular self-assemblies such as mechanically interlocked molecules and supramolecular polymers. In those self-assemblies, CB[m] and pillar[n]arene played significant roles in, e.g., microreactor for catalyzing particular reactions to bridge different small pieces together, molecular “joint” to connect different monomers into larger assemblies, and “stabilizer” in accommodating the guest molecules to adopt a favorite structure geometry ready for assembling.
Fracture Toughness of Moldable Low-Temperature Carbonized Elastomer-Based Composites Filled with Shungite and Short Carbon Fibers
Authors: Ignatyev Semen D. , Statnik Eugene S. , Ozherelkov Dmitriy Yu. , Zherebtsov Dmitry D. , Salimon Alexey I. , Chukov Dilyus I. , Tcherdyntsev Victor V. , Stepashkin Andrey A. , Korsunsky Alexander M.
Published: April 2022

This work evaluated the fracture toughness of the low-temperature carbonized elastomer-based composites filled with shungite and short carbon fibers. The effects of the carbonization temperature and filler content on the critical stress intensity factor (K1c) were examined. The K1c parameter was obtained using three-point bending tests for specimens with different l/b ratio (notch depth to sample thickness) ranging from 0.2 to 0.4. Reliable detection of the initiation and propagation of cracks was achieved using an acoustic sensor was attached to the samples during the bending test. The critical stress intensity factor was found to decrease linearly with increasing carbonization temperature. As the temperature increased from 280 to 380 °C, the K1c parameter was drastically reduced from about 5 to 1 MPa·m1/2 and was associated with intense outgassing during the carbonization step that resulted in sample porosity. The carbon fiber addition led to some incremental toughening; however, it reduced the statistical dispersion of the K1c values.
A Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)/Macca Carbon Advanced Composite Film with Functional Properties for Packaging Materials
Authors: Sakdapipanich Jitladda , Rodgerd Phawasoot , Sakdapipanich Natdanai
Published: April 2022

Macca carbon (MC) powder, a biomass derived from macadamia nut cultivation that emits far-infrared (FIR) radiation, was incorporated into low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by melt-compounding and subsequent melt-extrusion operations. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravitational analysis, mechanical properties, FIR emission power, barrier properties, transmission properties, antimicrobial activity assays, and storage tests were used to evaluate the manufactured LDPE/MC composite viability sheets for antimicrobial packaging applications. The physical properties and antibacterial activity of composite films were significantly correlated with the amount of MC powder used. The higher the MC powder content in the LDPE/MC composite film, the better the FIR emission ability. Only the MC powder at 0.5% by weight displayed adequate fundamental film characteristics, antibacterial activity, and storage performance, allowing lettuce and strawberries to remain fresh for more than 7 and 5 days, respectively, outside the refrigerator. This study demonstrates that FIR composites made from MC powder are a distinct and potential packaging material for future application in the food industry.