bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Band Gap Modulation of a new Janus-non Janus Hybrid MoSSe monolayer: A DFT Study
Authors: Diery Wajood A
Published: February 2025

The family of two-dimensional molybdenum-based transition-metal dichalcogenides has recently grown to include Janus and non-Janus structures, which offer unique properties for nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications. This study took this a step further by introducing the new Hybrid-I MoSSe, which is a combination of Janus and non-Janus MoSSe monolayers. Based on density functionaltheory calculations, the Hybrid-I MoSSe monolayer exhibited higher stability than the conventional Janus MoSSe and Hybrid-II MoSSe, as indicated by cohesive energy and phonon dispersion analyses. It exhibited a direct band gap of 1.54 eV, which reduced to 1.44 eV with spin–orbit coupling. Calculation of the optical properties indicated that the Hybrid-I MoSSe monolayer had high absorption and lowreflectivity in the visible spectrum, enhancing its potential for solar cell and photodetector applications. Various methods for band gap modulation, including biaxial strain, external electric fields, layer thickness variation, and heterostructure formation, demonstrated effective control over electronic properties. For example, a shift from direct to indirect band gaps occurred at a tensile stress of 4% and compressive stress of -8%. This transition also occurred in Hybrid-I–non-Janus MoSSe and both Hybrid-I–Janus MoSSe heterostructures. Our results demonstrate that the Hybrid-I MoSSe monolayer combines stability with tunable electronic properties, making it a promising candidate material for the next generation of nanoelectronics and optoelectronics applications.
Entanglement and asymmetric quantum steering in a nonlinear cavity-magnon system with two-fold periodic amplitude modulation
Authors: He Yuhong , Wang Jiajia , Jiang Li-zhen , Liao Changgeng , Dunningham Jacob A
Published: February 2025

We show how robust magnon-magnon (or photon-magnon) entanglement and asymmetric quantum steering can be achieved in a nonlinear cavity-magnon system composed of a microwave cavity and two yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) spheres, which are each driven by external microwave driving fields. The self-Kerr nonlinearity (SKN) of two magnons drives this behaviour and we study how two-fold periodically-modulated driving fields influence the system dynamics. We find that beating occurs both in the classical average of the cavity mode and in the entanglement between modes. Moreover, the use of modulated driving fields can enhance the degree of entanglement generated as well as giving rise to asymmetric quantum steering effects that would not otherwise be present. Finally, we show that the entanglement generated this way has improved robustness to thermal noise opening the way to potential applications of magnon-based hybrid systems in quantum information processing and studies of fundamental physics.
Comprehensive Tolerance Analysis and Improvement Strategies for the Final 6.5 m Wide-field MUltiplexed Survey Telescope
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Bian Qi , Tian Zhongtian , Dai Xiaodong , Guo Liquan , Cai Zheng , Huang Song , Lu Lu , Zheng Yamin , Huang Lei
Published: February 2025

To fulfill the urgent requirement for large-scale spectroscopic survey telescopes with wide field of view in modern astronomy, the 6.5 m MUltiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST) has been presented by Tsinghua University and the final optical design consisting of a Ritchey–Chretien system and a 1.6 m five-element wide-field corrector has been determined after abundant iterations and communications with vendors. This optical system guarantees excellent performance with the 80% enclosed energy diameter not greater than 0

.

″

524 within 2

.

°

8 field of view over 55° zenith angle. However, there will be various errors in fabrication and assembly and more dynamic errors induced by environmental temperature and gravity during sky survey, all causing unexpected performance deterioration. To get rid of those errors, the corresponding improvement strategies are proposed and verified. The aberrations caused by fabrication and assembly errors can be optimized by adjusting the position of the secondary mirror and adding spacers between optical components, while the thermal-induced and gravity-induced errors can be compensated by dynamically adjusting the position of the secondary mirror and modifying the surface figure of the primary mirror during tracking. The improvement strategies showing satisfactory results are significant and referenceable for the subsequent construction of MUST.
MHD analysis of electromagnetic GAMs in up-down asymmetric tokamaks
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Yixiang , Ren Haijun , Wang Hao
Published: February 2025

We analytically investigate geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) in tokamak plasmas with up-down asymmetric and non-circular cross-sections using magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and a Miller-like flux surface model. Explicit expressions for GAM frequency, magnetic field perturbations, and Lagrangian displacement are presented. Our results reveal that (I) up-down asymmetry (σ) slightly increases the GAM frequency and introduces additional sin or cos components (opposite to the dominant component) to the perturbations; (II) the inverse aspect ratio (ɛ), the gradient of the Shafranov shift (

Δ

′

), triangularity (δ), and its gradient (s

δ
) can induce additional subdominant components of perturbations. The poloidal mode numbers of the dominant and subdominant components differ, and in certain cases, the amplitude of the subdominant component can approach or even exceed that of the dominant component. These results provide analytical explanations for previous MHD and gyro-kinetic simulation outcomes, and offer useful guidance for measuring multiple components of perturbations.
Experimental study on laser welding lap joint of 321 stainless steel sheet
Authors: He Aini
Published: February 2025

This paper conducts laser welding experiments on 1 mm thickness 321 stainless, designing an orthogonal experiment to analyze the relationship between parameters of welding power, welding speed, focal length adjustment, and property of joint. We determine the optimal parameters of the welding procedure: the welding power of 2, 150 W, the welding speed of 1, 200 mm/min, and the defocus of 8 mm. We conduct macroscopic, microscopic, ferrite, and shear force examinations on joints produced by optimal parameters of the welding procedure. The study findings indicate that the welds produced with optimized procedure parameters exhibit satisfactory shape, and the microstructure of the welded joint consists of Austenite+Ferrite. The shear strength of the joint complies with standard specifications and exhibits superior shear resistance compared to the parent material. The selected welding procedure is reasonable, and the joint performance meets the specified requirements.
Facile and controllable preparation of SBA-15 submicron particles
Authors: Yu Chuanshun , Long Haibo , Liu Kaixuan , Wu Zeqing , Fu Zhongchao
Published: February 2025

Based on various conditions to prepare mesoporous silica submicron particles, this study shows that different SBA-15 submicron particles can be prepared in a controlled manner by the partitioned collaborative self-assembly (PCSA) process, and it is unnecessary to use complicated procedures or addition of any reagents. Compared with ordinary SBA-15, the mesoporous silica submicron particles prepared in this paper have the advantages of shorter mesoporous channels and a larger specific surface area. The experimental results show that the before and after additions of TEOS at “8” and “1” and the crystallization temperature of 100°C are the key factors to make the mesoporous silica sub-microparticles. In addition, the mesoporous structure of the mesoporous silica sub-microparticles gradually collapses with the increase of the crystallization temperature above 100°C. When the crystallization temperature reaches 160°C, the specific surface area of the material is sharply reduced by half due to the destruction of the mesoporous structure.
Study on forming and controlling technology of iron oxide for low carton free cutting steel rod
Authors: Wang Liyin , Li Huicheng , Ou Junfei , Yang Chengwei , Zhu Fei , Xie Changsheng
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces the process and mechanism of iron oxide in the rolling process of low carbon and sulfur-bearing free-cutting steel rods, and studies the influencing factors of oxide forming thickness and structure control by analyzing the forming characteristics of various oxides. To control the wire oxidation scale, which is conducive to pickling and drawing in downstream processing, we optimize and control the rolling process, by reducing the spinning or curling temperature to 900-950°C, reducing the amount of oxide sheet, controlling the thickness of the oxide sheet, and improve the overall quality of oxide sheet. The oxidation thickness of low carbon sulfur-free cutting steel wire rods can be controlled at 20-28 um.
Structural optimization design of nozzle for dry ice cleaning hub fixture
Authors: Wu Changzhong , Zhu Xingyu , Ren Dayang , Lu Yuanyuan , Wang Yongzhuo , An Haibo
Published: February 2025

In order to ensure that the fixture is not contaminated by spray paint and avoid secondary pollution during the hub spraying process, fixture cleaning is usually required. Traditional artificial solvent wiping has the problems of surface damage and low cost. Therefore, enterprises are more inclined to environmentally friendly and efficient automated dry ice cleaning technology. According to the needs of enterprises and theoretical analysis, this paper will select and design the nozzle of dry ice cleaning hub fixture, and carry out structural optimization and simulation analysis. It is concluded that the contraction angle of 50° and the expansion angle of 8° are the optimal parameters. The velocity of dry ice particles is 14 % higher than that of ordinary venturi nozzles.
A three-point bending specimen device with prefabricated crack offset
Authors: Tian Wei , Cai Gangyi , Fu Li , Wang Lei
Published: February 2025

The fracture toughness of a material is a measure of its ability to prevent macroscopic crack instability and propagation. It is the critical value of the stress intensity factor, commonly expressed as the energy absorbed by the object before fracture or the work done by the external environment on the object. The basic fracture modes include Type I, Type II, and Type III. The direction of force corresponding to Type II cracks is mainly along the propagation direction of the crack surface. That is, the propagation of Type II cracks is mainly affected by shear force. Generally speaking, there is no standard sample to study the propagation rate of Type II cracks, and it is impossible to predict and prevent the propagation of Type II cracks accurately. Therefore, it is impossible to measure the fracture toughness of Type II materials accurately, and targeted measures cannot be taken to ensure the structural integrity of materials. This article proposes a new type of prefabricated crack offset three-point bending specimen based on this. The crack is prefabricated on the side far from the midpoint of the extensometer opening. In an ideal state, the initial crack direction is consistent with the main stress direction, and the vertical stress is much smaller than the main stress direction. The crack depth can be calculated by the displacement of the extensometer opening to accurately measure the fracture toughness of the material and provide basic support to ensure the integrity of the material structure.
Ultrafast ferroelectric field-effect transistors with low operating voltage based on van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Meng Dehuan , Liu Shuai , Wang Weiping , Wang Zixin , Hu Xiaoyan , Zhang Xue
Published: February 2025

Ferroelectric field-effect transistors, characterized by low operating voltages and ultra-high speeds, are an important non-volatile memory device concept in modern microelectronics. Here, we show ferroelectric field-effect transistors using CuInP2S6 as the ferroelectric layer and MoS2 as the semiconductor channel layer. Thanks to optimized material thicknesses and clean, trap-free interfaces, we have achieved high-performance ferroelectric field-effect transistors with operating voltage as low as 1.5 V and an ultrafast speed of 20 ns. Our devices have a large on/off ratio of about 106 and a large memory window of about 1.7 V. Our results suggest that ferroelectric field-effect transistors are promising candidates for next-generation non-volatile memory applications.
Stress suppression for a cantilever beam with end flexure under heavy load
Authors: Qu Qinhao , Luo Zhenxiong , Tang Jianzhong , Li Zhenhui , Wang Xingyuan
Published: February 2025

In actual industrial processes, numerous cantilever structures with free ends carry heavy loads weighing several tons. For such structures, fixed supports are often added at the heavy load end, forming a double-supported structure to reduce the large forces and moments imposed on the cantilever structure by the heavy load. However, when the fixed end of the cantilever undergoes deflection due to changes in operating conditions, significant stress is generated in the structure, severely affecting its mechanical lifespan and safety. A follow-up support scheme needs to be designed to improve the lifespan and safety of such structures. This paper focuses on the cantilever structure with a heavy load at the free end and deflection at the fixed end and first designs a follow-up support scheme. Then, based on spatial transformation relationships, the complex deflections at the fixed end are converted into complex deflections at the support end, effectively transforming the deflecting cantilever structure model with a fixed end into a cantilever structure model with a deflecting free end. Strain measurement points are arranged on the cantilever structure, and based on the mechanics of materials, the strain data from these points are used to calculate the compensatory pose needed at the support end. The follow-up support mechanism is then controlled to move according to the required compensatory pose, effectively suppressing stress in the cantilever structure.
A study on the passing performance of a two-tire model of a special vehicle based on a loose road surface
Authors: Zhou Yunbo , Sun Rui , Zhang Ming , Hao Yiyang
Published: February 2025

In modern warfare, increasingly complex terrain and road conditions pose great challenges to the actual passing speed and maneuverability performance of combat vehicles, especially in terms of soft-surface maneuverability performance. In this paper, for the single road condition and influencing factors existing in the study of soft-surface maneuverability, based on the joint simulation method of multi-body dynamics-discrete element (MBD-DEM), we study and analyze the passing effect of tires, front and rear tire traction performance, and their differences under a different relative humidity of the soil. We also study and analyze the relationship between wheel speed and tire traction efficiency by considering the effect of wheel speed on the traction performance of tires. The relationship between wheel speed and tire traction efficiency was extended considering the effect of wheel speed itself on tire traction performance.
Investigation on surface integrity of Inconel 718 in cryogenic cutting compared with dry cutting and coolant cutting
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Li Jianming , Qiao Yang , Wang Xiangyu
Published: February 2025

As a type of high-strength, thermally resistant nickel-based alloy, Inconel 718 has found extensive application in the aerospace industry. To meet the immediate demands for excellent surface integrity in engineering practices, Streamlined manufacturing process for Inconel 718 has become an unavoidable trend. The influence of various cutting parameters and cooling conditions on the surface integrity is studied through single factor cutting test. Results show that a higher cutting speed, lower feed rate, and smaller cutting depths can obtain better machined surface under the same cooling conditions. With consistent cutting parameters, cryogenic cutting can result in reduced surface roughness, lower surface residual stress, and increased microhardness, effectively enhancing surface quality. The findings demonstrate that cryogenic cutting has a favorable machining effect and a promising future, warranting greater attention.
Research on thermal insulation technology of aerospace cryogenic propellant tank
Authors: Yu Bin , Huang Cheng , Wang Tian , Zhao Jipeng , Ma Tianju , Gu Sendong , Chang Xin , Wu Zihao , Chen Linfeng
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the thermal insulation layer, thermal insulation support, and metal interface of the cryogenic tank are taken as the research objects, and the structural design, heat transfer mechanism analysis, heat transfer calculation model establishment, heat transfer calculation and result analysis, and temperature field numerical simulation of the cryogenic tank are studied. The heat transfer mechanism of Spray-On Foam Insulation (SOFI)/Varied Density Multi-Layer Insulation (VD-MLI) in the ground stage and space stage is analyzed. In the ground stage, SOFI heat conduction and radiation heat transfer between adjacent radiation layers in VD-MLI, gas heat conduction between adjacent radiation layers, and solid heat conduction between adjacent radiation layers were considered in terms of insulation layer design. In the space stage, SOFI heat conduction and radiation heat transfer between adjacent radiation layers in VD-MLI, residual gas heat conduction between adjacent radiation layers, and solid heat conduction between adjacent radiation layers were considered in terms of insulation layer design. Based on the heat transfer process of SOFI/VD-MLI in the ground stage and space stage, the heat transfer calculation model of SOFI/VD-MLI in the ground stage and space stage is established. According to the evaporation rate requirements of aerospace cryogenic propellant, the thermal insulation layer, thermal insulation support, and metal interface were optimized, which effectively controlled the heat flux density (HFD) and heat leakage (HL) of the cryogenic tank and ensured the evaporation rate index of cryogenic propellant and Zero Boil Off (ZBO) storage.
The influence of W-FSAM process parameters on mechanical properties of 6061 aluminium alloy
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Wang Rui , Zhu Xiaohu , Li Songmo
Published: February 2025

The Wire Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing (W-FSAM) process is an emerging solid-phase friction stir-forming technology that combines friction stir welding technology with additive manufacturing. By generating heat through friction between the stirring head and the substrate, the material reaches a plastic state without reaching its melting point, effectively avoiding problems such as thermal stress, deformation, and uneven microstructure that may occur in traditional melt additive manufacturing. In addition, the characteristic of continuous feeding ensures an uninterrupted additive process, significantly improving production efficiency and ensuring an uninterrupted additive process when constructing large-sized parts. This study uses W-FSAM technology for additive moulding and investigates the effect of changing relevant parameters on the tensile strength of moulded parts.
Design of asymmetric quasi-zero stiffness mechanical metamaterial vibration isolators
Authors: Lu Hongjie , Meng Lixin
Published: February 2025

In order to improve the vibration isolation of precision optical equipment under low-frequency excitation, an asymmetric quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) mechanical metamaterial model is designed and analyzed in this paper. The model is characterized by an asymmetric QZS property of the structure under vertical loading. The structure consists of four beam structures arranged in parallel by rotating a trigonometric curve around an axis to form a spatial beam structure. The structure is first optimized, and its static characteristics are analyzed by finite element analysis. Then, based on static analysis, the structure dynamics are analyzed theoretically. The finite element is used to analyze the structure’s time-domain response under excitation, study the vibration isolation performance of the asymmetric QZS mechanical metamaterials, and compare the theoretical results. The simulation results of the transmission rate are in good agreement with the theoretical results. It is verified that the structure proposed in this paper has better low-frequency vibration isolation performance.
Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded joints Of DP800/Q235 steels for automobile
Authors: Wang Min , Guo Shulan
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the resistance spot welding experiment of DP800/Q235 dissimilar steel with 2mm thickness was carried out. The hardness test, tensile property evaluation, and microstructure analysis of the welded joint were performed. The results show that the weld surface is well formed, the heat input increases, and the core diameter increases. The microstructure of the molten core zone is lath martensite, ferrite, and a small amount of Weissner structure; the HAZ on the DP800 side is martensite, ferrite, and a small amount of Weissner structure; and the HAZ on the Q235 side is martensite and ferrite. When the process parameters are 9kA, 32cyc, and 0.4MPa, the maximum tensile shear is 18.30kN, and the fracture mode is ductile or mixed ductile and brittle fracture. The hardness of the weld core zone is the highest, and the hardness of the heat-affected zone decreases.
Measurement of anisotropic elastic constants of glass fiber reinforced resin matrix composite laminates
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Shenbiao , Fan Baijia , Zhao Yuan , Yu Shenglin
Published: February 2025

Aiming at the measurement of anisotropic elastic constants of glass fibre reinforced resin matrix composite laminates, the study was conducted to prepare glass fibre reinforced resin matrix composite specimens by using a vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding process. Based on the electrical measurement method, a mechanical test platform was set up to conduct tensile and shear tests, and the tensile elastic modulus E, shear elastic modulus G, and Poisson’s ratio μ of the composite laminates were measured, which provide a research basis for the design and optimization of subsequent composite structures.
Study on the properties of PLA/PBAT/MMT composite materials modified with silane coupling agent KH570
Authors: Zhong Yanhui , He Tingting , Kuang Jialin , Ye Tingtao , Su Jiahong
Published: February 2025

With the increasing attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, biodegradable plastics have become a research hotspot. PLA (polylactic acid) and PBAT (polybutylene terephthalate adipate) are two widely used biodegradable polymers, but their individual use is limited by performance defects, which restrict their application scope. To prepare high-performance PLA and PBAT composites, this study used montmorillonite (MMT) as a reinforcing filler, silane coupling agent KH570 as a surface modifier, and chain extender ADR-4468 as a compatibilizer to investigate the comprehensive properties of PLA/PBAT composites. Through research, it was found that when the addition amount of silane coupling agent KH570 is 0.75% of the filler, the comprehensive performance of the composite material is optimal, with a tensile strength of 17 MPa, elongation at break of 20.75%, bending strength of 369.06 MPa, bending modulus of 4, 269.90 MPa, notch impact strength of 4.5 kJ/m2, and melt flow rate of 17 g/10 min. A biodegradable composite material with good processing and mechanical properties is prepared.
Study on thermal oxidation modification of carbon felt electrode based on flow battery
Authors: Wang Xizhe , Zhao Haitao , Zhao Hui
Published: February 2025

Thermal oxidation of the carbon felt electrode for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) modifies it. The investigation focuses on how the structure and functionality of the electrode are affected by the length of thermal oxidation. The improved electrode’s make-up, structure, and electrochemical properties are analyzed using techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, specific surface area analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that with the extension of oxidation time, the specific surface area of the original carbon felt is 0.187 m2/g, and the specific surface areas of the samples treated at 500°C for 6 hours and 9 hours are 4.353 m2/g and 5.746 m2/g respectively. The contact angle of the original carbon felt is 143.034°, the sample treated at 500°C-6 hours is completely wetted, and the closed area of the CV curve measured by cyclic voltammetry is the largest.
Frequency domain spectroscopy characteristics of oil-impregnated paper bushings with radial and axial nonuniform moisture distribution
Authors: Su Zhicheng , Zhang Yiyi , Su Yi , Deng Jun , Lan Danquan , Wei Wenchang , Wang Lei , Goh Hui Hwang
Published: February 2025

Oil-impregnated paper (OIP) bushings are essential equipment for connecting transformer windings and external busbars, and the damp state of their insulating paper is a critical factor in determining safe and stable operation. In recent years, frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) technology has continually been utilized to evaluate the damp state of bushings. However, existing FDS studies mainly focus on uniformly damped OIP bushings, with limited research on the nonuniform moisture states of bushings. Therefore, this article predicts FDS dates of bushings with various nonuniform moisture distributions to analyze the impact of moisture levels and the wettest region’s position on the FDS curves. The research results indicate that with the increase in average moisture and the wettest point’s outward movement, complex relative permittivity’s real and imaginary components increase, with the average moisture content playing a dominant role. This study provides guidance for the nonuniform moisture condition assessment and wettest area localization of the OIP bushings.
The effect of palladium element on the performance of gold-based friction pairs in slip rings
Authors: Fu You , Guo Zhijun , Li Chunda
Published: February 2025

A slip ring is an electrical connector that enables signal and power transmission between the stator and rotor. This experiment explores the effect of adding palladium element on the electrical and frictional properties of gold-based friction pairs in slip rings. The results indicate that the gold-based friction pairs in slip rings with added palladium element have an improvement in wear resistance. The wear rate of the brush wire with the added palladium element decreased by 4.0% compared to the brush wire without the addition. By improving the wear resistance, the electrical performance of the gold-based fiction pair with added palladium element was significantly improved compared to the fiction without added palladium element at the same number of turns.
Topology optimization design of continuous body structures with single-phase materials
Authors: Liu Zhuchun , Liu Zhen
Published: February 2025

The effective utilization of materials and the optimization of structural performance have become important research topics. In this context, the technique of topological optimization emerges as a potent approach to refine the geometrical configuration and structural layout under specified limitations, with the goal of attaining superior functionality. The present study predominantly centers on the utilization of topological optimization, which is enhanced by the modification of feasible regions in the realm of single-phase materials. Firstly, a topology optimization model for single-phase materials is established, aiming to minimize compliance under the constraint of structural volume. A sub-model of this model is proposed based on the feasible region adjustment scheme. Subsequently, leveraging the moving asymptote method for approximating the expansion of the objective function, we derive an approximation of the second-order derivative of the objective function. This derivative is then subjected to a convexity treatment to ensure the robustness of the optimization process. By integrating the primary derivative of the objective function, a quadratic Taylor series approximation for the objective function is formulated. The issue is addressed by employing a smooth dual-solution approach. Ultimately, a series of validation cases are showcased to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. This method not only effectively improves material utilization and structural performance but also provides a new optimization approach for engineering design.
Electrochromic properties of nanostructured WO3 thin films deposited on ITO/PET substrate modified by Pt sputtering
Authors: Zhao Ziyue , Wang Meihan , Qiao Xue
Published: February 2025

To enhance the electrochromic(EC) properties of WO3 thin films, The ITO/PET substrate was modified with Pt sputtering. Subsequently, nanostructured WO3 thin films were deposited on the modified substrate via DC magnetron sputtering at a glancing angle of 80°. FE-SEM was employed to examine the surface/cross-sectional morphology of the WO3 thin films. The films’ electrochemical and optical characteristics were tested using an electrochemical workstation and a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The results revealed that the WO3 thin films have a porous nano-columnar structure. The sputtering of Pt makes the WO3 thin film dense. The ion diffusion rates were determined to be Din=6.64×10−12 cm2/s and Dde=7.06×10−12 cm2/s, respectively. The optical modulation amplitude was found to be 36%, and the coloring efficiency was 10.60 cm2C−1. The coloring and bleaching response time was corresponding to tc=9.4 s and tb=10 s. The sputtering process of Pt needs to be further optimized to find feasible parameters to enhance the EC properties of the WO3 thin films.
Analysis and prediction of water resources consumption: A case study in Yiwu city, China
Authors: Fu Lei , Wang Junmin , Wang Shiwu , Wang Helong , Hu Guojian
Published: February 2025

In this study, analysis and prediction of water resources consumption is executed in order to alleviate the water shortage problem especially in Southeast China. Nowadays, lots of Chinese cities suffered from the water shortage and the water environment pollution for decades. The demand of high quality fresh water resource becomes critical for both the urban and rural area due to the fast development of the economic and the rapid growth of the local population. Hence, the calculation and prediction of the water resource for the current the future year in a typical Chinese city is focused in order to allocate the water resource more efficiently and predict the water demand and water supply in the future. It is also valuable for different cities especially the cities suffered from water around the world.
Preparation of amino acid-based polyesteramides and study on poly-ε-caprolactone/amino acid-based polyesteramides fiber film
Authors: Bai Lu , Hu Mingguang , Li Xiaojian , Liu Nan , Zhou Haijun , Zhang Fen , Li Yantao , Chen Xiaoqi
Published: February 2025

A series of PCL/AA-PEAs nanofibrous films with different amino acid-based polyesteramides contents were successfully synthesized by interfacial polymerization using L-phenylalanine, 1,3-propanediol, and sebacic dichloride as the main raw materials and complexed with poly-ε-caprolactone. A series of PCL/AA-PEAs nanofibrous films with different amino acid-based polyesteramide contents were prepared using electrostatic spinning technology. The effects of different ratios on the performance of the fibrous films were investigated. The results show that with the increase of the dosage of amino acid-based polyesteramide, the tensile strength of the PCL/polyesteramide fiber film firstly increases and then decreases, the glass transition temperature increases and the dosage is 70/30, the diameter of the PCL/polyesteramides fiber film is 309-684 nm, the tensile strength reaches a maximum of 5.2±0.9 MPa, and the Tg is 31.5°C which is lower than the human body temperature 37°C.
Identification and regulation of catalytic active sites on material surface
Authors: Lu Shuqi
Published: February 2025

In order to explore the identification and regulation of active sites on catalysts, various high-resolution characterization techniques combined with theoretical calculations were used to conduct an in-depth analysis of active sites on the surfaces of different types of catalytic materials. Through techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, the active sites of various catalysts were successfully identified, and their electronic and geometric structures were analyzed. The results indicate that the structural characteristics of active sites are closely related to catalytic performance, and precise regulation of these sites can significantly improve catalytic efficiency. In addition, the developed in-situ characterization technology provides new possibilities for real-time monitoring of catalytic processes, opening up new paths for designing and optimizing efficient catalysts.
Bimetallic MOF doped with reduced graphene oxide enables rapid detection of chloramphenicol
Authors: Pan Youheng , Zhang Tianyi , Li Lanlan
Published: February 2025

A broad-spectrum antibiotic called chloramphenicol (CAP) stops the creation of bacterial proteins, which stops bacteria from growing and reproducing. When chloramphenicol is misused, it can cause major side effects, secondary infections, bacterial resistance, delays in effective treatment, and higher treatment costs. As a result, creating an electrochemical sensor that is quick and sensitive is crucial. The electrocatalytic activity of CAP determination was enhanced in this work by producing reduced graphene oxide doped bimetallic organic framework (Fe/Al-MOF/rGO) nanocomposites in a single pot, which had more active sites and better electrical conductivity. The constructed sensor has a linear range of 20 - 1600 μM and a detection line (LOD) of 1.5 nM (S/N=3). Furthermore, the sensor’s recovery rate for sample detection is good enough.
Synthesis and optical properties of novel Tm3+ doped Gd3BWO9 blue phosphors
Authors: Luan Ruixin , Tian Xiaoxia , Miao Zheng
Published: February 2025

The synthesis of blue luminous phosphors doped with Tm3+ and Gd3BWO9 was achieved using a high-temperature solid-state process. Their degree of purity and optical characteristics were extensively examined. Results indicated an optimal Tm3+ doping concentration of 0.05 mol. Electro-multipolar interactions were deemed the mechanism behind concentration quenching in Gd3BWO9 materials. Additionally, Gd3BWO9:0.02Tm3+ exhibits blue fluorescence with color coordinates (0.1727, 0.0832), suggesting its suitability as a blue component in w-LED fabrication.
Exposure to compound climate hazards transmitted via global agricultural trade networks
Authors: Keys Patrick W , Barnes Elizabeth A , Diffenbaugh Noah S , Hertel Thomas W , Baldos Uris , Hedlund Johanna
Published: February 2025

Compound climate hazards, such as co-occurring temperature and precipitation extremes, substantially impact people and ecosystems. Internal climate variability combines with the forced global warming response to determine both the magnitude and spatial distribution of these events, and their consequences can propagate from one country to another via many pathways. We examine how exposure to compound climate hazards in one country is transmitted internationally via agricultural trade networks by analyzing a large ensemble of climate model simulations and comprehensive trade data of four crops (i.e. wheat, maize, rice and soya). Combinations of variability-driven climate patterns and existing global agricultural trade give rise to a wide range of possible outcomes in the current climate. In the most extreme simulated year, 20% or more of the caloric supply in nearly one third of the world’s countries are exposed to compound heat and precipitation hazards. Countries with low levels of diversification, both in the number of suppliers and the regional climates of those suppliers, are more likely to import higher fractions of calories (up to 93%) that are exposed to these compound hazards. Understanding how calories exposed to climate hazards are transmitted through agricultural trade networks in the current climate can contribute to improved anticipatory capacity for national governments, international trade policy, and agricultural-sector resilience. Our results highlight the need for concerted effort toward merging cutting-edge seasonal-to-decadal climate prediction with international trade analysis in support of a new era of anticipatory Anthropocene risk management.
Dynamical large deviations of the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process
Authors: Valov Alexander , Meerson Baruch
Published: February 2025

The fractional Ornstein-Uhleneck (fOU) process is described by the overdamped Langevin equation

x
˙

(
t
)
+
γ
x
=

2
D

ξ
(
t
)

, where

ξ
(
t
)

is the fractional Gaussian noise with the Hurst exponent

0
<
H
<
1

. For

H
≠
1

/

2

the fOU process is non-Markovian but Gaussian, and it has either vanishing (for

H
<
1

/

2

), or divergent (for

H
>
1

/

2

) spectral density at zero frequency. For

H
>
1

/

2

, the fOU is long-correlated. Here we study dynamical large deviations of the fOU process and focus on the area

A
n

=

∫

−
T

T

x
n

(
t
)

d

t

,

n
=
1
,
2
,
…

over a long time window 2T. Employing the optimal fluctuation method, we determine the optimal path of the conditioned process, which dominates the large-An
tail of the probability distribution of the area,

P

(

A
n

,
T
)
∼
exp
⁡
[
−
S
(

A
n

,
T
)
]

. We uncover a nontrivial phase diagram of scaling behaviors of the optimal paths and of the action

S
(

A
n

≡
2

a
n

T
,
T
)
∼

T

α
(
H
,
n
)

a
n

2

/

n

on the (H, n) plane. The phase diagram includes three distinct regions: (i)

H
>
1
−
1

/

n

, where

α
(
H
,
n
)
=
2
−
2
H

, and the optimal paths are delocalized in time, (ii) n = 2 and

H
⩽

1
2

, where

α
(
H
,
n
)
=
1

, and the optimal paths oscillate with an H-dependent frequency, and (iii)

H
⩽
1
−
1

/

n

and n > 2, where

α
(
H
,
n
)
=
2

/

n

, and the optimal paths are strongly localized. We verify our theoretical predictions in large-deviation simulations of the fOU process. By combining the Wang-Landau Monte-Carlo algorithm with the circulant embedding method of generation of stationary Gaussian fields, we were able to measure probability densities as small as 10−170. We also generalize our findings to other stationary Gaussian processes with either divergent, or vanishing spectral density at zero frequency.
Light-based multi-material bioprinting of vascularised adipose tissue for breast fatty tissue engineering
Authors: Hedemann Nina , Thomas Alexander , Tribian Nils , Amler Anna-Klara , Krueger Sandra , Holthaus David , Huebbe Patricia , Floerkemeier Inken , Weimer Joerg-Paul , Maass Nicolai , Kloke Lutz , Bauerschlag Dirk O , van Mackelenbergh Marion Tina
Published: February 2025

Reconstructive surgery following breast cancer ablation is a surgical gold standard and of increasing importance, but current options comprising autogenous fatty tissue transfer and artificial soft tissue implants are inferior. With the advent of powerful biofabrication technologies like bioprinting, researchers for the first time have the tools to engineer life-like tissues with the ultimate goal of clinical application. In this work, we apply multi-material stereolithographic bioprinting together with a novel sacrificial biomaterial system to engineer complex fatty tissue constructs. Biomaterials, cellular composition and cultivation conditions of these constructs were designed to enable in vitro creation of vascularised fatty tissue. Cells within the constructs showed an overall good survival (>93%) indicated by Calcein-AM staining for living cells and cytotoxicity levels below 7 % (PI-positivity), which even decreased during The constructs showed highay significant increase in cellular viability and activity overthe entire cultivation the culture period of 27 days. Bioprinted aAdipose-derived stem cells were successfully differentiated into adipocytes in situ and expressed PPARy as well as FABP4. Additionally, secretion of adipokines leptin and adiponectin into culture supernatants increased significantly. Endothelial cells vascularised the constructs, creating macro- and microvascular structures within the printed channels and extending beyond with culture time. Multi-modal imaging revealed dynamic cell activitymigration of cells within the bioprinted constructs and signs of progressing maturation towards fatty tissue. Moreover, cells invaded into the surrounding hydrogel. The engineered fatty tissue constructs could serve as a base to develop patient-specific tissue building blocks with the final goal to achieve an all-natural reconstruction of the breast.
A novel solution for real-time in-situ cell distribution monitoring in 3D bioprinting via fluorescence imaging
Authors: Margarita Alessandro , Gugliandolo Simone Giovanni , Santoni Silvia , Moscatelli Davide , Colosimo Bianca Maria
Published: February 2025

3D bioprinting is rapidly evolving as a transformative technology for constructing biological tissues with precise cell and bioink placement. However, ensuring the quality and viability of bioprinted structures presents significant challenges, highlighting the need for advanced monitoring systems. Our study introduces a space-efficient, non-invasive approach for real-time, in-situ monitoring of cell dispersion in bioprinted constructs. Utilizing a novel in-situ fluorescence microscopy technique, we employ nanoparticles for cell tagging and integrate a compact digital microscope into the bioprinter for layer-by-layer imaging, significantly saving space and weight to make the solution adaptable to any commercial bioprinter. This method enhances in-situ analysis by combining data from the fluorescence system with conventional visible spectrum imaging. The synergy of these datasets provides a detailed method to examine cell dispersion and facilitates continuous monitoring during the bioprinting process. This allows for the immediate identification and correction of irregularities in cell deposition. Our approach aims to advance 3D bioprinting, setting new standards for the reliability and efficiency of bioprinted structures.
Propagation of optical pulses in a spatiotemporal dispersive medium
Authors: Agrawal Govind P
Published: February 2025

This review focuses on novel phenomena that emerge when optical pulses propagate through a spatiotemporal dispersive medium whose refractive index is modulated, both in space and time, in a traveling-wave fashion. Using optical fibers as an example of a dispersive medium, we first derive an equation governing the evolution of short pulses in such a medium. This equation is used to discuss the phenomena such as temporal reflection and refraction, total internal reflection, and waveguiding from a moving boundary with different refractive indices on its two sides. The use of solitons, forming through the Kerr effect, shows how such effects can be observed with silica fibers by employing a pump-probe configuration. A pair of solitons provide the temporal analog of a waveguide or a Fabry–Perot resonator. A new kind of grating, called a spatiotemporal Bragg grating, is formed when a train of pump pulses creates periodic high-index regions inside an optical fiber moving at the speed of pump pulses. The interaction of probe pulses with such a Bragg grating is studied both within and outside of momentum gaps. It is also shown that a photonic analog of Anderson localization is possible when disorder is introduced into a spatiotemporal Bragg grating.
Modeling of Graphene Wrapped Indium Antimonide Nanowire as thermo-optical Waveguide
Authors: Sajid Muhammad , Yaqoob Muhammad Zeshan , Alkanhal Majeed A S , Ghaffar Abdul , Ali Ahtisham , Khan Yasin
Published: February 2025

In this research work, the fiber modes supported by the graphene-wrapped indium antimonide nanowire have been examined theoretically. The indium antimonide (InSb) is a semiconductor material, which has temperature-sensitive optoelectronic properties. To model the nanowire of InSb, Drude’s model has been used for better results. The Kubo’s formalism based on the random phase approximation is used for the modeling of graphene. The impedance boundary conditions (IBCs) are used to compute the characteristic equations. The real and imaginary part of permittivity of InSb as function of THz frequency under different values of temperature T∈[200 K,400 K] has been computed. It is reported that the InSb shows the temperature dependent metal-insulator phase transition i.e., for temperature T≤200K it behaves as insulator and for T> 200K it acts as metal. The numerical results for dispersion relation, propagation band, propagation losses, cut off frequency range, effective mode index and field profiles have been presented for insulator as well as metallic phase of InSb. Moreover, the impact of chemical potential, radius, and temperature on fiber mode characteristics has been analyzed. The computed numerical results can be applied for designing tunable temperature assisted nano waveguides, thermo-optical sensing probes, thermal imaging and near-field communication devices in THz frequency range.
A deep learning approach for predicting and optimizing the V2X network parameters for sustainable smart transportation systems
Authors: Vinodhini M , Rajkumar Sujatha
Published: February 2025

The increasing prevalence of automated vehicles necessitates robust vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. However, challenges such as latency, reliability, transmission rates, data collisions, and security vulnerabilities require thorough investigation. To address these issues, this study proposes a deep learning-based hybrid model integrating long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks and generative adversarial networks (GANs) to predict performance metrics in V2X communication networks. The GANs augment the sample vehicular dataset and facilitate proactive vehicular network management. The proposed approach comprises three key phases: data augmentation, feature extraction, and predictive analysis. To optimize the neural parameters, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is utilized and benchmarked against other optimization algorithms, including beetle swarm optimization, artificial bee colony optimization, and pelican optimization. The parameters in the developed hybrid GAN-LSTM model and autoencoder were tuned using the WO algorithm to minimize key performance metrics such as the mean absolute error, root mean square error, bit error rate, and mean square error. Results indicate that the predictive model enhances the sustainability and efficiency of transportation systems by accurately forecasting critical metrics, including latency, throughput, and reliability, within V2X networks.
On the sampling sparsity of analog-to-spike conversion based on leaky integrate-and-fire
Authors: Moser Bernhard , Lunglmayr Michael
Published: February 2025

In contrast to the traditional principle of periodic sensing, neuromorphic engineering pursues a paradigm shift towards bio-inspired event-based sensing, where events are primarily triggered by a change in the perceived stimulus. We show in a rigorous mathematical way that information encoding by means of Threshold-Based Representation based on either Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) or Send-on-Delta (SOD) is linked to an analog-to-spike conversion that guarantees maximum sparsity while satisfying an approximation condition based on the Alexiewicz norm.