bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spiracular Structure and Water Loss from Tribolium confusum Jacq. and Sitophilus granarius (L.) under Reduced Pressures
Authors: Sharplin J. , Bhambhani H. J.
Published: January 2010

The structure and position of the spiracles in Sitophilus granarius and Tribolium confusum adults was studied. On the basis of this an attempt was made to explain the differences in water loss from these two species under reduced pressure. It was concluded that the spiracular structure combined with the inflation of the body under very low pressures, can account for the apparently anomalous water loss results.
Life History and Ecology of Pulvinaria vitis (L.) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), the Cottony Scale Attacking Peach in Ontario
Authors: Phillips J. H. H.
Published: January 2010

The cottony scale attacking the peach in Ontario is apparently the European species Pulvinaria vitis (L.) and may have been introduced to North America prior to 1897. It is thelytokous and has only one generation per year. The partly grown, adult female overwinters on the bark of its host. The eggs, laid about mid-May, are enclosed in a white, felt-like ovisac that is secreted by submarginal glands in the ventral region of the scale's body. The eggs, which on peach averaged about 4,000 per female, were laid over a relatively short period when the temperature was 14 °C. or higher. Eggs began to hatch after about 200 day degrees above 10 °C. Increasing the temperature increased the rate of hatching, but no close correlation was found between the rate of hatching and the average daily temperature during the hatching period.

The newly emerged nymphs were both phototactic and photokinetic, and their establishment on the host plant was affected by several factors including light, humidity, and air movement. For a given set of conditions there appeared to be a maximum number of nymphs that could become established per unit area of host. P. vitis was dispersed by wind at any stage when it was active, but especially at the early crawler stage.

Growth of the scales was discontinuous with varying periods when no growth took place. There were three moults: the first 12 to 18 days after hatching; the second 28 to 36 days; and the third 56 to 93 days. At ecdysis only the cuticle of the ventral surface and the appendages was shed. Movement of the scales on the host plant was particularly frequent till the first moult, but some movement took place throughout the summer and early fall except for a period in late August and early September. Only a small percentage of the scales reached the bark from the leaves, probably due to random movement.

Feeding appeared to be discontinuous with periods of days when no feeding took place. The scales fed on the phloem, but on twigs the stylets penetrated as far as the xylem and destroyed the cambium in the feeding area.

Though parasites and predators exist in the area and appeared to be capable of exercising a large measure of control, the spray programs used in the orchards held them to relatively small numbers. At least one species of parasite was almost absent from sprayed orchards.
The Effect of Low Temperatures on some Predacious Phytoseiid Mites, and on the Brown Mite Bryobia arborea M. & A.
Authors: MacPhee A. W.
Published: January 2010

The mean freezing point of adults of T. pyri was about −20° F., of T. finlandicus −22° F., and of T. rhenanus −24.5° F. The responses of T. fallacis and P. macropilis to low temperatures were about the same as T. pyri. The effect of the duration of exposure on the last three species was to increase the mortality about 12 to 15 per cent for each doubling of the duration of exposure from 0.5 to eight hours at −10° F. or lower.

The phytophagous brown mite, B. arborea, had a mean freezing point of −26° F. and the effect of duration of exposure was to increase the mortality eight to ten per cent each time the period of exposure was doubled from 0.25 to 16 hours at −24° F. or lower.
A New Species of Anthocoris from Canada, with Distribution Records for Three other Species (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)
Authors: Anderson N. H. , Kelton Leonard A.
Published: January 2010

Anthocoris dimorphicus n. sp. is described and characters are given to distinguish it from A. musculus (Say). Two species, A. confusus Reut. and nemoralis (F.) are recorded for the first time from North America. A. antevolens White, a common species in western North America, is recorded from Ontario, collected in association with galls of Pemphigini aphids on Populus spp.
Some Factors that Distort the Sex Ratio of the Gypsy Moth Porthetria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)
Authors: Campbell Robert W.
Published: January 2010

During a study on the population dynamics of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.), conducted in the Town of Glenville, New York, some factors were found to affect the sexes differentially. The importance of this differential mortality is indicated by the fact that 78 per cent of the variation in the logarithm of an index of population trend (the ratio of population density from year to year) was associated with the logarithm of adult sex ratio.

Disease and desiccation during instars IV-VI and among pre-pupae were strongly selective against the female insects. This differential mortality caused a change in the pupal sex ratio from about 70 per cent females where no disease occurred to less than 25 per cent female pupae following an epizoötic. Ichneumonids, on the other hand, usually killed more male pupae than females, except when host size was reduced by excessive larval density and competition. The net result from this series of factors that distort the sex ratio has been to produce adult sex ratios varying from more than 80 per cent female moths to only 2 per cent females.

In this host species, as in most other animals, it seems that the population consequences of a mortality factor that kills the host sexes in different proportions should be evaluated in terms of the more critical (female) sex destroyed.
The Natural Groups of Species in the GenusIpsDe Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America
Authors: Hopping G. R.
Published: January 2010

The genusIpsis one of four closely related genera in the tribe Ipini, sub-tribe Ipina (De Geer 1775, Balachowsky 1949, Nunberg 1954, Hopping 1963). There are now 32 species ofIpsrecognized in North America, with a few more as yet undescribed. This paper defines the groups of closely related species with observations on the group relationships of species from other parts of the world. Work is in progress to define the North American species in each group.
Larvae of Pine Needle Miners in Ontario
Authors: Lindquist O. H.
Published: January 2010

This paper presents a key to the larvae of six species of lepidopterous needle miners on pine in Ontario, namely, gelechiids Recurvaria canusella Free., R. coniferella Kft., R. resinosae (Free.) (n.comb.), and Exoteleia pinifoliella Cham.; and yponomeutids Ocnerostoma strobivorum Free., and Ocnerostoma sp. Complementary information is given on distribution, hosts, biology, and parasites of each species.
Genetics and Biological Control
Authors: Simmonds F. J.
Published: January 2010

The possibilities of using genetic principles to improve biotic agents used in biological control are discussed, and a number of examples quoted where possibly useful racial differences between parasites occur.

However, the main conclusion is that in introductions of biotic agents the principal aim should be to have as much genetic variability as possible in the material released, rather than to try and select a priori certain apparently suitable strains.
The Myzaphidines of Canada (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Richards W. R.
Published: January 2010

The myzaphidines in Canada consist of three genera and seven species of which two are described as new. Myzaphis v. d. G. is recorded from North America apparently for the first time and one endemic species is described. Keys and brief descriptions of the genera and viviparous forms are offered. Pentatrichopus Borner, which includes the economically important pests of strawberries is considered a synonym of Chaetosiphon Mord. Chaetosiphon is retained as a genus only because of its association with Rosa spp., Potentilla spp., and Fragaria spp. The presence of five setae on the basal tarsal segments, which was the only means by which the myzaphidines could be distinguished from other capitophorine aphids, is no longer valid. C. fragaefolii, which has been considered to be a complex of two species, is treated as a single species. The conspicuous variation in the arrangement of dorsal abdominal setae and in the tarsal setae is readily explained by neotenic development which probably only indirectly affects the development of the setae.
Pineus pineoides (Cholodkovsky) (Homoptera: Adelgidae) on Red Spruce in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
Authors: Underwood G. R.
Published: January 2010

Pineus pineoides was found for the first time in North America in New Brunswick in 1948, on red spruce, Picea rubens Sarg. It is the first known species of Adelgidae in North America to complete its life cycle on spruce without producing galls or winged forms. The life history is compared with that in Europe. The first-instar nymph and the adult of the summer generation are described and compared with those from Europe.
Phaenopria popei (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) Reared from Puparia of Sciomyzid Flies
Authors: Knutson L. V. , Berg C. O.
Published: January 2010

Four females of Phaenopria popei oviposited into a one-day-old puparium of Dictya sp. Adult progeny emerged 18 days later at 19-25 °C. Host flies include Dictya, Elgiva, and Sepedon, and probably Tetanocera (all Sciomyzidae).
Introducing Parasites and Predators to Control Native Pests
Authors: Pimentel David
Published: January 2010

Considerable evidence substantiates the idea that native pests can be controlled by parasites and predators of allied species and genera. In a survey of 66 pest species, which were successfully controlled by biological means and for which the habitats of all species could be verified, it was found that 39% were controlled by an introduced parasite or predator of an allied species or genus. Although relatively few attempts have been made to control native and imported pests with parasites and predators of species allied to the pest species, the proportion of successes is surprisingly high. Employing these species has certain advantages, especially in the control of imported pests, because no ecological homeostasis has evolved and the association between the parasite and host (predator and prey included) is new.
Studies on Mosquito Larvae: I. Later Instars of Eastern North American Species
Authors: Dodge H. Rodney
Published: January 2010

An artificial key is presented to separate the second to fourth instar mosquito larvae of eastern United States and Canada, west to and including Texas and Manitoba. A second, natural key, separates the genera and many of the subgenera. A list of the 134 included species and subspecies with their ranges within this region is given, with indicated corrections since Carpenter and LaCasse (1955) and the Stone et al. (1959) catalog. Larvae of two species are unknown.
Continuous Rearing of the Carrot Rust Fly, Psila rosae (Fab.)
Authors: McClanahan R. J. , Niemczyk H. D.
Published: January 2010

A method for continuous rearing of the carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (Fabricius), has been developed for the first time. All stages of the rearing were conducted in a temperature cabinet maintained at 64 ± 2°F. Adults in a screen cage were fed water, honey, soybean flour and yeast. The females oviposited in the soil of potted carrots. Eggs were periodically removed with the top layer of soil to gallon jars containing several carrots layered in muck soil.

Field collected puparia emerged satisfactorily at 70°F., but not at higher temperatures. In the laboratory population there was a preponderance of males. A generation of carrot rust flies was completed in approximately 80 days.
Observations on the Natural Control of the Pear Psylla, Psylla pyricola Förster, in California
Authors: Madsen H. F. , Westigard P. H. , Sisson R. L.
Published: January 2010

Studies in 1961 and 1962 showed that several naturally occurring conditions suppress the pear psylla. Temperatures above 100°F. caused mortality of nymphal stages and reduced adult oviposition. Crystallization of honeydew was a mortality factor in a few instances, and seemed to be associated with high temperature and low humidity. Absence of new growth and poor condition of leaves caused a steady decline in pear psylla numbers in abandoned orchards. Anthocoris antevolens White was an effective predator in unsprayed orchards and significantly reduced pear psylla populations. A parasite, Trechnites insidiosus (Crawford) was encountered, but its significance as a mortality agent was not determined.
The Biology and Behaviour of the European Pine Shoot Moth Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in Southern Ontario II. Egg, Larva, and Pupa
Authors: Pointing P. J.
Published: January 2010

This is the second of two papers on this subject. The eggs of R. buoliana are usually found singly or in small groups on the hark or needle sheaths of new shoots, except under conditions of severe infestation where new foliage is in short supply. The first two instars feed on needles from within webs. Third-instar larvae mine one or more buds and cease feeding in late summer before the advent of unfavourable temperatures. Low temperature, lethal to overwintering third-instar larvae, is one of the most important and readily measured mortality factors, Larvae spin webs and moult before they resume feeding in April or May. Migration, usually upward in the tree crown, and web construction continue throughout the spring feeding period. Larvae within two feet of the ground surface on trees less than eight feet tall complete their development earlier than larvae at higher levels. Parasitism, based on previous extensive surveys, has very likely been underestimated.
Emergence and Flight of Click Beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Organic Soils of Southwestern Quebec
Authors: Lafrance J.
Published: January 2010

Records obtained over a period of six years revealed that the Elaterid beetles in organic soils in southwestern Quebec emerged during the second and third weeks of May when the maximum soil temperature varied between 39 and 57°F and the maximum air temperature between 57 and 80°F. Males appeared earlier than females, the proportion of males becoming larger as the population decreased. Peaks of emergence occurred mostly during the first and second weeks of June when the air temperature varied between 74 and 82°F. Adult populations decreased from the beginning of June to disappear completely by the middle of July. The flight period lasted 73 and 52 days when the maximum daily temperature during the month of May averaged 62.4 and 70°F respectively. Of eleven species, Dalopius pallidus Br., Melanotus communis-fissilis complex and Agriotes mancus (Say) were the most numerous species collected in flight-traps, whereas Dalopius pallidus Br., Hypolithus abbreviatus (Say), Ctenicera tarsalis (Melsh.), Agriotes mancus (Say), and Aeolus mellillus (Say) were respectively the five most abundant species attracted by the solution of dilute molasses in heap-traps. Most of Elaterid beetles were captured when flying south. Beetles were captured at all heights from 15 to 75 inches. The population of adults decreased rapidly after two years of clean cultivation in the area surrounding the experimental plots.
Effects of Temperature on Hatching and on Longevity of Starved First-Instar Larvae of Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Swailes G. E.
Published: January 2010

Laboratory studies showed that eggs of Hylemya brassicae required 34 and 67 day-degrees at 10° and 30 °C. and 49 day-degrees at 15°, 20°, and 25 °C. to hatch when 7.2 °C. was used as the threshold temperature for development. Factors that were lethal to the eggs were temperatures above 41 °C. for one hour and periods of desiccation of 1, 1, 2, 5, and 9 days at 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, and 10 °C., respectively.

First-instar larvae survived for approximately 2, 3, 5, and 8 days without food at temperatures of 20°, 15°, 10°, and 5 °C. Starvation for 24 hours immediately after hatching reduced initiation of feeding only slightly.
Effects of Defoliation on Survival of Larvae of the Larch Sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)
Authors: Ives W. G. H.
Published: January 2010

The searching behaviour of fifth-instar larch sawfly larvae on artificially defoliated tamarack branches and trees is discussed. Local defoliation is shown to be capable of causing appreciable mortality among early-instar larvae if feeding damage by earlier colonies forces them to wander in search of food. Air temperature affects the distance and rate of such larval movement. A considerable proportion of dislodged fifth-instar larvae are able to reach foliage and resume feeding on nearby host trees.
A Flexible Cuticle in the Wing Bases of Lepidoptera
Authors: Sharplin J.
Published: January 2010

A flexible cuticle found in the lepidopterous wing base is described and illustrated. The staining reaction of this cuticle with Mallory's triple stain is discussed and the variations in the form of this cuticle within the Lepidoptera are given.
Li‐Metal Symmetrical Cell Studies Using Ionic Organic Plastic Crystal Electrolyte
Authors: Howlett Patrick C. , Shekibi Yousoff , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Forsyth Maria
Published: January 2010

A low current density preconditioning process, which produces an improved lithium transport mechanism is created by the action of charge flow through a plastic crystal electrolyte (figure). A reduction in cell polarisation at high applied current density is demonstrated which approaches the rates required for these electrolytes to be used in practical devices.
Functional variants of TSPAN8 are associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Scholz Claus‐Jürgen , Jacob Christian P. , Buttenschon Henriette N. , Kittel‐Schneider Sarah , Boreatti‐Hümmer Andrea , Zimmer Michael , Walter Ulrich , Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Mors Ole , Kneitz Susanne , Deckert Jürgen , Reif Andreas
Published: January 2010

Tetraspanins affect protein trafficking and are known to influence a wide variety of physiologic processes. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the tetraspanin gene TSPAN8 were found among the best ranked markers of genome wide association studies on bipolar disorder (BPD) (rs1705236) and type‐2 diabetes, but functional consequences remained largely unknown. In the present study, we examined 13 tagging SNPs covering the TSPAN8 gene, the intronic TSPAN8 SNP rs1705236 as well as two non‐synonymous (ns) SNPs in schizophrenia (SCZ) and BPD samples. In our analysis setting, we were not able to replicate the association of rs1705236 with BPD, nor did we find an association with SCZ. In the TSPAN8 upstream transcriptional control region however, we found rs4500567 to be associated with BPD. In contrast, in SCZ the nsSNP rs3763978 was associated with disease. The significance of both associations withstood conservative Bonferroni correction. In an attempt to link the polymorphisms to functional consequences, we performed an allele‐specific in silico mapping of transcription factor binding sites around rs4500567 and predicted the tolerance of the Gly73Ala exchange caused by rs3763978. The results argue for a differential promoter activity specific for the variant associated with BPD, but impaired protein functionality in SCZ. This suggests that TSPAN8 contributes to both diseases, yet with different underlying mechanisms: regulatory versus structural. Similar phenomena might also occur in other risk genes for both BPD and SCZ, providing a molecular basis for the genetic overlap of both entities. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modification of low‐density polyethylene by graft copolymerization with maleic anhydride and blends with polyamide 6
Authors: Iqbal Mahmood , Chuai Chengzhi , Huang Yan , Che Chinqhao
Published: January 2010

Modification of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) hyperbranched grafting with a maleic anhydride (MAH) was carried out using corotating twin screw extruder in the presence of benzoyl peroxide. The LDPE/polyamide 6 (PA6) and LDPE‐g‐MAH/PA6 blends were obtained with a corotating twin screw extruder. The melt viscosity of the grafted LDPE was measured by a capillary rheometer. The grafted copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy The effects of variations in temperature, PA6 loading, and benzoyl peroxide and MAH concentration were investigated. The results show that most MAH monomers were grafted onto the LDPE at a lower MAH concentration. With the proper selection of the reaction parameters, we obtained a grafting degree higher than 4.9%. Mechanical test results indicate that the blends had good interfacial adhesion and good stability of the phase structure during heating, which was reflected in the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the results reveal that the tensile strength of the blends increased continuously with increasing PA6 content. Moreover, the home‐synthesized maleated LDPE could be used for the compatibilization of LDPE/PA 6 blends. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Electrical and optical properties of polyaniline with a weblike morphology
Authors: Mallick Kaushik , Witcomb Michael , Erasmus Rudolph , Strydom André
Published: January 2010

We report on the preparation method of nanostructured polyaniline (PANI) via the oxidation polymerization of aniline hydrochloride in the presence of an anionic surfactant. Two solvents with different polarities were used for the synthesis of PANI. The polymers were characterized with ultraviolet–visible, infrared, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The chemical structure derived from the optical characterization techniques and the electrical properties for the two polymers were almost identical. Transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy images revealed the morphological disparity between the PANIs synthesized under different solvent conditions: a microweb of nanofibers versus microtubes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Weibull statistics in electrical aging of polyesterimide under AC voltage
Authors: Nedjar Mohammed , Beroual Abderrahmane
Published: January 2010

This article is aimed at the investigation of electrical aging of polyesterimide under AC voltage using Weibull statistical analysis. It's shown that the time to breakdown characteristic (V–t) of polyesterimide includes two zones (segments of straight line). The first zone characterizes a statistical dispersion of the intrinsic defects of material. The second zone expresses the real aging of polymer. The variation of the slope of lifetime curve is attributed to the change in the degradation mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
High‐strength and high‐toughness polyimide nanofibers: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Cheng Chuyun , Chen Juan , Chen Fei , Hu Ping , Wu Xiang‐Fa , Reneker Darrell H. , Hou Haoqing
Published: January 2010

High‐strength and high‐toughness nanofibers were made from polyimide 6F‐PI through electrospinning. The 6F‐PI had a backbone made up with 3,3′,4, 4′‐biphenyl‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]‐hexafluoro‐propane residues. Electrospun 6F‐PI precursor nanofibers were collected in the form of aligned fiber sheet on the rim of a rotating disc. Heating process converted the precursor fiber sheets to 6F‐PI nanofiber sheets. Gel permeation chromatography and Ostwald Viscometer were used to determine the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution of the 6F‐PI precursor, i.e., the 6F‐polyamic acid. Scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray scattering, tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to characterize the surface morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the 6F‐PI nanofiber sheets. Experimental results show that the nanofibers were well aligned in the sheets with fiber diameters ranging from 50 to 300 nm. The nanofiber sheets were stable to over 450°C, with a glass transition at 265.2°C. The uniaxial tension test showed that the 6F‐PI nanofiber sheets had superior mechanical properties. The ultimate tensile strength, modulus, toughness, and elongation to break of the 6F‐PI nanofiber sheets are respectively, 308 ± 14 MPa, 2.08 ± 0.25 GPa, 365 ± 20 MPa, and 202 ± 7%. It is expected that electrospun PI nanofibers with such high toughness and high ultimate tensile strength can find applications in high‐performance textiles and composites, for example. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Influence of steaming pressure on steam explosion pretreatment of Lespedeza stalks (Lespedeza cyrtobotrya). II. Characteristics of degraded lignin
Authors: Wang Kun , Jiang Jian‐Xin , Xu Feng , Sun Run‐Cang
Published: January 2010

Lignin fractions obtained by steam explosion pretreatment and subsequent alkaline ethanol solution post‐treatment from Lespedeza cyrtobotrya stalks were studied in terms of chemical characteristics, to reflect the influence of elevating steam pressure from 15 to 25 kg/m2. Because of the remarkable selectivity with respect to lignin, the post‐treatment with 60% ethanol solution containing 1% NaOH yielded 8.3, 13.0, 16.0, 16.4, and 17.8% lignin fractions from the samples steam‐exploded at 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, and 25 kg/m2 for 4 min, respectively, comparing to 7.7% lignin removal from the raw material. Steam explosion pretreatment, not only obviously cleaved the linkage between carbohydrates and lignin resulting in the significantly decrease of the associated hemicelluloses in lignin fractions, but also broke the β‐O‐4 bond between lignins to some degrees. In particular, slightly more guaiacyl moieties than syringyl units were affected. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The molecular arrangement of Bifenthrin® in ether based polyurethane: Designing a synthetic termite barrier
Authors: Rajendran Sharad , Cribb Bronwen W. , Stewart Aaron , Zalucki Myron , Noller Barry , Truss Rowan W.
Published: January 2010

An ether based polyurethane (EPU) was blended with a synthetic pyrethroid, Bifenthrin®, to produce a material for potential use as a termite barrier for timber structures. FTIR was used to investigate the interaction between the active component and the polymer, whereas distribution of the active was probed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The aromatic end of the Bifenthrin molecule was found to interact with the hard segments of the EPU, whereas the active end of the Bifenthrin® molecule was found to be concentrated at the surface of the blend. The efficacy of the blends was demonstrated to induce high mortality rates when the blend was directly tested against termites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Electrolyte‐based antistatic plasticizer for soft poly(vinyl chloride) composites
Authors: Che Rongsheng , Yang Wanqing , Wang Jiliang , Lei Jingxin
Published: January 2010

In this study, we synthesized an aromatic ester plasticizer with ether oxygen bonds called bis[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl]phthalate (BMEP), which could dissociate sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) by a coordination effect between the ether oxygen bond and the Na+ cations. An antistatic plasticizer (AP) for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was then prepared by the mixture of BMEP and NaSCN. The surface resistivity, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness of the PVC composites with AP were studied. The addition of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was favorable for enhancing the conductivity and elongation at break of the PVC composites. The antistatic ability of the PVC composites was slightly sensitive to the relative humidity (RH). The dependence of the surface resistivity of the AP‐plasticized PVC composites on temperature was in good accordance with the Arrhenius equation, and the surface resistivity of the composites effectively decreased about one order of magnitude in the temperature range 40–80°C. The surface resistivity of the antistatic PVC composites containing 40 phr DBP and 60 phr AP reached 108 Ω/sq orders of magnitude at an RH of 0.1%, and the corresponding tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness reached 8.12 MPa, 416%, and 53 A, respectively. Such antistatic PVC composites, therefore, have large potential applications in corresponding antistatic fields, such as the packaging of electrical devices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Biobased composites prepared by compression molding with a novel thermoset resin from soybean oil and a natural‐fiber reinforcement
Authors: Adekunle Kayode , Åkesson Dan , Skrifvars Mikael
Published: January 2010

Biobased composites were manufactured with a compression‐molding technique. Novel thermoset resins from soybean oil were used as a matrix, and flax fibers were used as reinforcements. The air‐laid fibers were stacked randomly, the woven fabrics were stacked crosswise (0/90°), and impregnation was performed manually. The fiber/resin ratio was 60 : 40. The prepared biobased composites were characterized by impact and flexural testing. Scanning electron microscopy of knife‐cut cross sections of the specimens was also done to investigate the fiber–matrix interface. Thermogravimetric analysis of the composites was carried out to provide indications of thermal stability. Three resins from soybean oil [methacrylated soybean oil, methacrylic anhydride modified soybean oil (MMSO), and acetic anhydride modified soybean oil] were used as matrices. The impact strength of the composites with MMSO resin reinforced with air‐laid flax fibers was 24 kJ/m2, whereas that of the MMSO resin reinforced with woven flax fabric was between 24 and 29 kJ/m2. The flexural strength of the MMSO resin reinforced with air‐laid flax fibers was between 83 and 118 MPa, and the flexural modulus was between 4 and 6 GPa, whereas the flexural strength of the MMSO resin reinforced with woven fabric was between 90 and 110 MPa, and the flexural modulus was between 4.87 and 6.1 GPa. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Characterization and thermal stability of cellulose‐graft‐polyacryloniytrile prepared by using KMnO4/citric acid redox system
Authors: El‐Khouly A. S. , Takahashi Y. , Takada A. , Safaan A. A. , Kenawy E. , Hafiz Y. A.
Published: January 2010

An effective condition of graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto cellulose fiber in large volume of KMnO4/citric acid aqueous solution was examined and the produced grafted copolymers were characterized by using SEM, NMR, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DSC in comparison with component homopolymers. Graft yield, GY, obtained by simple weighting method was close to the value obtained by NMR analysis. Significant change of chemical structure in cellulose fiber, other than graft reaction, was not detected by NMR and FTIR measurements, whereas a decrease in the degree of crystallinity by the reaction was detected by XRD measurement. It was pointed out that thermograms for grafted samples resembles with that of cellulose at T < 370°C and become similar with that for polyacrylonitrile at T > 370°C and the mass of residue at 550°C is proportional to the content of polyacrylonitrile (GY) only. It is concluded that thermal decomposition of both polymers occurs almost independently in grafted polymers and thermal stability of cellulose fiber is not improved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Modeling the fabrication process of micropatterned macromolecular scaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Sannino A. , Silvestri L. , Madaghiele M. , Harley B. , Yannas I. V.
Published: January 2010

Tubular scaffolds demonstrated to be able to reconnect the proximal and distal stumps of transected peripheral nerves and induce regeneration of the lost nerve trunk. Recently, a spinning technique has been developed, able to produce tubular collagen‐based scaffolds characterized by a radially patterned microporosity. The technique is based on the centrifugal sedimentation of collagen taking place when a cylinder, containing an aqueous collagen suspension, is rotated rapidly around its axis. In this work, the centrifugation process was modeled by means of the Lamm differential equation for collagen concentration, with the assumption that sedimentation and diffusion coefficients were dependent on the local concentration, according to appropriate scaling laws. With such assumptions, the model was able to predict the actual tube formation and its inner radius, in good agreement with the experimental results. The possibility to predict the final scaffold inner diameter as a function of the processing parameters has a fundamental importance for the set up of a precise fabrication method, which does not make use of any complex mold. This would significantly reduce the production complexity and the extent of scaffold manipulation during production, resulting in a cleaner production process and safety of the device. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of o‐Xylylenes with Imines Using Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Ueno Satoshi , Ohtsubo Masakazu , Kuwano Ryoichi
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct 1,4‐Difunctionalization of Isoquinoline.
Authors: Louerat Frederic , Fort Yves , Mamane Victor
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Analogues: “Pyridine Ring” Analogues of Pemetrexed.
Authors: Xu Yun , Yu Mingfeng , Long Yan , Wu Han , Mao Zhenmin
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensation Reactions to Form Oxazoline‐Substituted Potassium Organotrifluoroborates.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Febo‐Ayala Wilma , Jean‐Gerard Ludivine
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structures of New 1,3,6,2‐Dioxazaborocanes Containing Substituents in the Ocane Fragment.
Authors: Lermontova E. Kh. , Huang M. M. , Karlov S. S. , Zubalov M. V. , Churakov A. V. , Neumueller B. , Zaitseva G. S.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Corallolides A (I) and B (II): Bioactive Diterpenes Featuring a Novel Carbon Skeleton.
Authors: Ospina Claudia A. , Rodriguez Abimael D.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Astaxanthin Dirhamnoside, a New Astaxanthin Derivative Produced by a Radio‐Tolerant Bacterium, Sphingomonas astaxanthinifaciens.
Authors: Asker Dalal , Amano Sho‐ichi , Morita Kaori , Tamura Kazuya , Sakuda Shohei , Kikuchi Naoya , Furihata Kazuo , Matsufuji Hiroshi , Beppu Teruhiko , Ueda Kenji
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Approach to Synthesis of Advanced Chiral Templates for the Construction of Indolic and Indolizidinic Alkaloids.
Authors: Affani Radouane , Comesse Sebastien , Daich Adam , Hamon Louis , Kadouri‐Puchot Catherine
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Inorganic Nanotubes
Authors: Rao C. N. R. , Govindaraj Achutharao
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diphenoxo‐Bridged Copper(II) Complexes of Reduced Schiff Base Ligands as Functional Models for Catechol Oxidase
Authors: Sreenivasulu Bellam
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Iminocarboxamidato Nickel Complexes
Authors: Boardman Brycelyn M. , Bazan Guillermo C.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Interactions of Calixarenes with Biorelevant Molecules
Authors: Danylyuk Oksana , Suwinska Kinga
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Selectivity in the H2O2 Epoxidation of Simple Alkenes Imparted by Soft Pt(II) Lewis Acid Catalysts
Authors: Strukul Giorgio , Scarso Alessandro
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Natural Products
Authors: Hill Robert A.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pheromones (Highlights from 2002—2004)
Authors: Zarbin P. H. G. , Villar J. A. F. P. , Marchi I. , Bergmann J. , Oliveira A. R. M.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Arylpropenal and 3‐Arylpropionic Acids by Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Coupling Reactions: Scopes and Limitations
Authors: Djakovitch Laurent , Pinel Catherine
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Update on Lignans: Natural Products and Synthesis
Authors: Pan Jian‐Yu , Chen Shi‐Lin , Yang Mei‐Hua , Wu Jun , Sinkkonen Jari , Zou Kun
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic and Excited‐State Properties of Triarylboranes and Their Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Kitamura Noboru , Sakuda Eri , Ando Yuki
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonparametric density estimation from data with a mixture of Berkson and classical errors
Authors: Delaigle Aurore
Published: January 2010

The author considers density estimation from contaminated data where the measurement errors come from two very different sources. A first error, of Berkson type, is incurred before the experiment: the variableXof interest is unobservable and only a surrogate can be measured. A second error, of classical type, is incurred after the experiment: the surrogate can only be observed with measurement error. The author develops two nonparametric estimators of the density ofX, valid whenever Berkson, classical or a mixture of both errors are present. Rates of convergence of the estimators are derived and a fully data‐driven procedure is proposed. Finite sample performance is investigated via simulations and on a real data example.
Marginally restricted sequential D‐optimal designs
Authors: López‐Fidalgo Jesús , Martín‐Martín Raul , Wiens Douglas P.
Published: January 2010

In many experiments, not all explanatory variables can be controlled. When the units arise sequentially, different approaches may be used. The authors study a natural sequential procedure for “marginally restricted” D‐optimal designs. They assume that one set of explanatory variables (x1) is observed sequentially, and that the experimenter responds by choosing an appropriate value of the explanatory variable x2. In order to solve the sequential problem a priori, the authors consider the problem of constructing optimal designs with a prior marginal distribution for x1. This eliminates the influence of units already observed on the next unit to be designed. They give explicit designs for various cases in which the mean response follows a linear regression model; they also consider a case study with a nonlinear logistic response. They find that the optimal strategy often consists of randomizing the assignment of the values of x2.
On diagnostic checking of the autoregressive conditional intensity model
Authors: Kwok Sai Man Simon , Li Wai Keung
Published: January 2010

The autoregressive conditional intensity model proposed by Russell (1998) is a promising option for fitting multivariate high frequency irregularly spaced data. The authors acknowledge the validity of this model by showing the independence of its generalized residuals, a crucial assumption of the model formulation not readily recognized by researchers. The authors derive the large‐sample distribution of the autocorrelations of the generalized residual series and use it to construct a goodness‐of‐fit test for the model. Empirical results compare the performance of their test with other off‐the‐shelf tests such as the Ljung–Box test. They illustrate the use of their test with transaction records of the HSBC stock.
Weighted quantile regression with nonelliptically structured covariates
Authors: Salibián‐Barrera Matías , Wei Ying
Published: January 2010

Although quantile regression estimators are robust against low leverage observations with atypically large responses (Koenker & Bassett 1978), they can be seriously affected by a few points that deviate from the majority of the sample covariates. This problem can be alleviated by downweighting observations with high leverage. Unfortunately, when the covariates are not elliptically distributed, Mahalanobis distances may not be able to correctly identify atypical points. In this paper the authors discuss the use of weights based on a new leverage measure constructed using Rosenblatt's multivariate transformation which is able to reflect nonelliptical structures in the covariate space. The resulting weighted estimators are consistent, asymptotically normal, and have a bounded influence function. In addition, the authors also discuss a selection criterion for choosing the downweighting scheme. They illustrate their approach with child growth data from Finland. Finally, their simulation studies suggest that this methodology has good finite‐sample properties.
Pelvic fractures after radiotherapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Schmeler Kathleen M. , Jhingran Anuja , Iyer Revathy B. , Sun Charlotte C. , Eifel Patricia J. , Soliman Pamela T. , Ramirez Pedro T. , Frumovitz Michael , Bodurka Diane C. , Sood Anil K.
Published: January 2010

BACKGROUND:

The incidence of pelvic fractures and associated risk factors was determined in women treated with curative‒intent radiotherapy for cervical cancer.

METHODS:

The records of 516 women treated with curative‒intent radiotherapy for cervical cancer between 2001 and 2006 at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center were reviewed. Among these, 300 patients had at least 1 post‐treatment computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging study available for review, and they comprised our study population. All imaging studies were re‐reviewed by a single radiologist to evaluate for fractures.

RESULTS:

Pelvic fractures were noted in 29 of 300 patients (9.7%). Fracture sites included sacrum (n = 24; 83%), sacrum and pubis (n = 3; 10%), iliac crest (n = 1; 3%), and sacrum and acetabulum (n = 1; 3%). Thirteen patients (45%) were symptomatic, with pain being the most common presenting symptom. The median time from the completion of radiotherapy to the detection of fractures on imaging studies was 14.1 months (range, 2.1‐63.1 months), with 38% of patients diagnosed within 1 year and 83% diagnosed within 2 years of completing therapy. The median age of the patients at diagnosis was higher in the women who developed a fracture compared with the women who did not (56.5 years vs 46.7 years; P = .04). A higher number of women with a fracture were postmenopausal (62% vs 37%; P = .03). The median body mass index was lower in the women who had a fracture (26.0 kg/m2 vs 28.0 kg/m2; P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS:

Pelvic fractures were detected in a substantial proportion of women after radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Bone mineral density screening and pharmacologic intervention should be considered in these women. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.