bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dinámica de fuerzas y metáfora conceptual en “pasarse de largo”. Un estudio en Lingüística Cognitiva
Authors:   Universidad de Concepción (Chile), Alarcón Hernández Paola
Published: June 2022

En este artículo se exponen las relaciones sistemáticas tanto a nivel conceptual como sintáctico entre el sentido espacial de ‘pasarse de largo’ y el sentido metafórico de ‘exceso de cualidad’ al interior de un patrón sintáctico que incluye al verbo reflexivo formal “pasarse”, en el español, dentro del marco de la Lingüística Cognitiva. El estudio presenta los principios teó-ricos de este enfoque y caracteriza las herramientas descriptivas usadas: esquemas de imagen, metáfora conceptual y, principalmente, la dinámica de fuerzas. El artículo muestra que esta última noción permite explicar que el uso del reflexivo codifica la ruptura de expectativa impuesta para ambos sentidos; en el sentido espacial de ‘pasarse de largo’, la expectativa de que el móvil debe detenerse en un punto de referencia; en el sentido metafórico de ‘exceder cualidad’, la expectativa de que la cualidad no debe sobrepasar un grado de normalidad.
El razonamiento analógico verbal: una habilidad cognitiva esencial de la producción escrita
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (Chile), Benítez Figari Ricardo , García Escala Georgina ,   Universidad de La Serena (Chile)
Published: June 2022

La escritura promueve en los sujetos la capacidad de razonar en y con el lenguaje: el metalenguaje (Ravid y Tolchinsky, 2002). Esta habilidad requiere de conocimientos lingüísticos y de habilidades cognitivas para un desarrollo acorde. Uno de los componentes centrales de la cognición es la capacidad de razonar en forma analógica (Goswami y Brown, 1990). El presente trabajo tiene como propósito indagar una posible relación entre ambas variables: producción textual y razonamiento analógico verbal. Para ello, se plantean dos objetivos: (a) indagar acerca del razonamiento analógico verbal como una habilidad cognitiva a la base de la escritura de textos narrativos, y (b) determinar la incidencia de esta habilidad en el metalenguaje. Así, se estudió un grupo de 258 escolares chilenos de tercer año de educación básica para establecer una correlación entre su nivel de razonamiento analógico y su nivel de producción de textos narrativos. Se aplicó una prueba de escritura y una prueba de razonamiento analógico verbal. Los resultados preliminares señalan que existe correlación entre ambas variables; sin embargo, se puede observar que algunos dominios específicos de la escritura parecen depender más de otros conocimientos que sólo del razonamiento analógico verbal.
Diferencias en la estructura textual del japonés y el español: su influencia en la traducción
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Perelló Enrich Juan Luis
Published: June 2022

En el siguiente artículo se intenta explicar la influencia en el proceso de traducción que ejercen las diferentes estructuras textuales del japonés y el español, mediante la comparación y análisis de textos en términos de coherencia, cohesión y estructura temática. Dicho ejercicio servirá para identificar y ejemplificar distintas tendencias entre ambas lenguas, lo que esperamos contribuirá a mejorar la calidad de las traducciones.
Remarques sur la structure déterminant/ infinitif dans les langues romanes
Authors:   Universidad de Borgoña (Francia), Bidaud Samuel
Published: June 2022

NO PRESENTA RESUMEN
Julia Lavid, Jorge Arús y Juan Rafael Zamorano Mansilla: Systemic Functional Grammar of Spanish. A Contrastive Study with English
Authors:   Universidad de Sidney (Australia), Quiroz Beatriz
Published: June 2022

NO PRESENTA RESUMEN
Dos formas de ser un estado resultante
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Jaque Matías
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo se abordan dos estrategias presentes en español y otras lenguas para codificar la noción de “estado resultante”: a través de una proyección estativa contenida en la estructura sintáctica del verbo (o estados resultantes internos; v. g., Juan desapareció durante dos años) y a través de la construcción resultativa estar + participio (o estados resultantes derivados; v. g., Juan estuvo desaparecido durante dos años). El contraste entre ambas opciones se analiza desde la posición que el argumento eventivo que habilita la lectura de resultado ocupa en la derivación sintáctica, partiendo de un modelo de descomposición de la frase verbal (o “primera fase”) inspirado en Ramchand (2008). En los estados resultantes internos, el evento domina a una proyección estativa; en los estados resultantes derivados, en cambio, el evento es dominado por una proyección estativizadora externa. Se presentan las consecuencias de este patrón en distintos dominios, entre ellos, la interpretación semántica de ciertos modificadores, la disponibilidad de lecturas epistémicas orientadas al presente y la relación de inclusión entre tiempo del evento y tiempo de referencia.
Diagnostic Importance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Adenosine Deaminase Levels in Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: Kolli Harika , Vuddandi Siva Prabodh , Pavuluri Samatha , Sai Krishna
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Estimation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) is used for early diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM) and has got importance in differentiating TBM from bacterial and viral types of meningitis. Hence, estimation of ADA in CSF can be carried out in all clinically suspected meningitis patients, especially in developing countries like India with high prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB). Aim: To evaluate CSF ADA as a diagnostic test for TBM. Materials and Methods: The prospective study was done on 80 cases admitted with meningitis in Government General Hospital Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, in a period of eight months during August 2018 to March 2019. In all the subjects the concentrations of CSF ADA, Glucose, Total proteins, Calcium, and Phosphorus were assayed. Results: The results shows that the mean values of CSF ADA in TBM were significantly increased (15.13±12.2) when compared with other types of meningitis due to stimulation of T-cells by Mycobacterium antigens. Mean values of CSF glucose were significantly decreased in bacterial and TBM. Mean values of CSF total proteins were increased in all three types. Conclusion: Therefore, this study suggests the need for routine measurement of CSF ADA in the diagnosis of TBM and thus helps in early detection of TBM which warrants timely intervention leading to lowered morbidity and mortality.
Non High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, a Simple and Reliable Marker to Assess Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Hypothyroid Patients
Authors: Chandrika N , Devaki RN , Reshma S
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Thyroid hormones regulate growth, metabolism and cellular differentiation in our body. Thyroid disorders are among the commonly encountered endocrinopathies across the globe in the recent past. Hypothyroidism is prevalent to the extent of 9.45-11.73% among urban inland regions of India as reported in a recent survey. Thyroid hormones influence lipid metabolism. The dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism presents as high serum Total Cholesterol (TC) levels, elevated Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, hypertriglyceridemia and Increased Triglyceride (TGL)- Rich Lipoproteins or Remnant Lipoproteins (RLPs). Non High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (Non-HDL-C) reflects the cholesterol content of these RLPs. The potential of Non-HDL-C seems to be underutilised in patients with hypothyroidism. Aim: To know the levels of Non-HDL-C in hypothyroid patients as compared to normal subjects and to assess its reliability to predict the future cardiovascular risk in hypothyroid patients. Materials and Methods: The study was a case-control study, that was conducted in District Hospital, Chamarajanagar, Karnataka, India, between December 2019 to September 2020, involving two groups. The first group were the cases, consisting of 50 hypothyroid patients between 18 and 55 years of age, 50 healthy age and sex matched controls were selected and inducted into this study. The ‘Case group was further divided into “Known cases” and ‘New cases’, based on the disease course. The ‘New cases’ are further classified into group of ‘Overt Hypothyroids’ and ‘Subclinical hypothyroids’. In all the subjects of present study, serum TC and serum HDL- Cholesterol (HDL-C) was estimated. The value of HDL-C was subtracted from TC level and Non-HDL-C level was calculated for all the study subjects. The values of the lipid fractions in both groups and in the subgroup were tabulated and compared using suitable statistical tool. Results: In the present study it was noted that Non-HDL-C was significantly high in hypothyroid patients when compared to healthy controls (p=0.02). Also, the newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients had significantly high Non-HDL-C levels than controls (p=0.01). The subgroup of ‘Known cases’ who were on Levo- thyroxine replacement did not show significantly elevated Non- HDL-C levels. Overt Hypothyroid (OH) patients had higher values of Non-HDL-C than those with Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH). Conclusion: At each level of the present study, (controls vs cases, known vs new cases and OH vs SCH) non-HDL-C has emerged in an expected pattern, which is consistent with pathophysiology, course and severity of the disease. Therefore, present study suggest the feasibilty of non-HDL-C replacing the traditional lipid profile assays for assessment of dyslipidemia in hypothyroid patients.
Influence of Iron and Bio-Fertilizer on Growth Parameters and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.) Prayagraj Condition
Authors: Babu Dugginaboyana Nagendra , Mehera Biswarup
Published: June 2022

Back Ground: Baby corn maize (Zea mays L.) is a highly profitable alternative to farmers due to its short crop duration, being harvested at the juvenile stage. It demands large amounts of nutrients in a short time. Iron micronutrients gives higher yield as they play major role in assimilation rate and metabolic activities in plant. Biofertilizers are required to restore the fertility of the soil. Prolonged use of chemical fertilizers degrades the soil and affects baby corn yield.

Objectives: Effect of iron and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of baby corn.

Methods: With the goal of studying the effect of iron and bio-fertilizers on growth and yield of Baby corn (Zea mays L.)  Var. ABV - 04 under a Randomized block design with 8 treatments (T1-T8).The experimental results revealed that 0.5% FeSO4 (3g/lit of water) + Azotobacter seed inoculation (200 g/10kg of seed)  produced maximum plant height (185.27), number of leaves/plant(12.58),plant dry weight (89.28) and yield parameters cobs/plant (2.34), cob weight without husk (12.34g), cob yield with husk(10.81 t/ha), and cob yield without husk(3.91t/ha).

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that 0.5 percent FeSO4 (5g/lit of water) + Azotobacter seed inoculation (200 g/10kg of seed) can ensure the profitable production of baby corn. These practises could be passed on to farmers to help them earn more money in this agro-climatic zone. Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that 0.5 percent FeSO4(5g/lit of water) + Azotobacter seed inoculation (200 g/10kg of seed) can ensure the profitable production of baby corn. These practises could be passed on to farmers to help them earn more money in this agro-climatic zone.
Endophytic Fungi and Phytochemical Profile of Withania somnifera
Authors: Riya Sabrin Afroz , Sohrab Md. Hossain
Published: June 2022

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is used in medicine from the time of Ayurveda. The roots of the plant are used traditionally in the treatment of nervous and some other disorders. Several effects like immunomodulation, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, cardiovascular protection, tolerance and dependence have also been studied. Many Studies show that ashwagandha comprises antioxidant, anxiolytic, adaptogen, memory enhancing, antiparkinsonian, antivenom, anti-inflammatory, antitumor properties. This article is presented to gather all the updated information on its phytochemical profile and its endophytic fugal communities. The review result indicates the herb of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) should be studied more extensively to confirm the earlier studied results and reveal other capable therapeutic effects.
Fetisisme Samurai pada Desain Budaya Populer Mecha
Authors: Iswanto Rendy
Published: June 2022

Budaya populer Jepang terdiri dari beberapa hal, yakni manga atau komik Jepang, anime, atau film kartun animasi Jepang, video games, dan budaya idol. Anime dan manga seperti layaknya film juga memiliki genre-genre tersendiri, baik itu genre komedi, action, misteri dan lain lain. Salah satu genre yang populer adalah genre mecha, sebuah genre sains fiksi yang menititk beratkan peran robot raksasa yang dikendarai oleh manusia dalam cerita utamanya. Desain para robot raksasa tersebut banyak terinspirasi dari budaya budaya yang ada selama ini, sebagai contoh desain kepala robot Tetsujin 28 yang mengambil desain helm perang Yunani kaum Sparta. Di mana praktik untuk memasukkan unsur segi dari suatu kebudayaan tertentu kedalam desain robot raksasa menjadi hal yang lumrah sebagai salah satu bentuk fasinasi terhadap suatu kebudayaan atau fetisisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode dan teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu metode literatur dengan teknik catat. Analisis dilakukan terhadap model, desain, fetisisme samurai dan dilakukan perbandingan pada desain budaya Mecha. Metode dan teknik analisis data menggunakan metode formal serta metode deskriptif analisis. Metode dan teknik penyajian hasil analisis data yaitu dengan metode informal (Ratna, 2009:50). Penyajian hasil analisis data terarah pada penjelasan dengan uraian kata-kata dan pernyataan secara naratif.
Mural Bonek: Identitas dan Kuasa Fan Sepak Bola
Authors: Wicandra Obed Bima , Supratiknya A , Ardhiani Yustina Devi
Published: June 2022

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis identitas Bonek yang terbangun melalui seni mural di jalanan kota Surabaya. Selama ini Bonek adalah stigma bagi fan Persebaya yang suka membuat onar, penampilan yang gahar, suka menjarah, dan berbagai stigma lain yang melekat. Artikel ini juga ditulis untuk mengetahui hal-hal yang tersampaikan melalui pesan yang tersembunyi di mural Bonek, termasuk bagaimana relasi kuasa yang dimunculkan melalui persepsi visual tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, konsep identitas yang digunakan adalah studi komunitas sebagaimana yang dilakukan oleh Anthony Cohen (1985). Sedangkan untuk membongkar relasi kuasa dalam mural menggunakan konsep perilaku suporter sepak bola menurut Spaaij (2008) yang sejalan dengan Michel Foucault (1991). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan mengenai bagaimana mural yang dihasilkan merepresentasikan Surabaya yang semakin padat serta tekanan hidup yang semakin berat, menjadikan Bonek yang sebagian besar kelas pekerja menyandarkan harapannya pada Persebaya. Persebaya adalah harga diri bagi Bonek. Mural Bonek bukanlah sebagai pencitraan mengenai Bonek yang berubah atau alih-alih memberi semangat pada Persebaya. Mural yang dibuat oleh Bonek menyiratkan tentang kelas sosial yang dipandang sebagai liyan dalam konstelasi masyarakat Surabaya yang berdaya menghadapi tekanan. Sebagus apapun usaha yang dilakukan Bonek untuk citra positifnya, tetap saja Bonek akan dipandang pilihan negatif namun di sisi lain membanggakan.
Türkiye’de Biyomatematik Araştırmaları ve Biyomatematik Eğitimi
Authors: YILMAZ Miraç , COŞKUN Meltem , TURANLI Necla
Published: June 2022

Günümüzde fen bilimleri ve sosyal bilimlerde ortaya çıkan yeni bilgiler, matematiksel modellerin kullanıldığı bilgisayar yazılımları yardımıyla işlenerek, bu bilgilerin olgunlaştırılması sağlanmaktadır. Biyolojik süreçlerin matematiksel olarak açıklanması olarak ifade edilebilen, uygulamalı matematiğin bir alt dalı olan biyomatematik (matematiksel biyoloji) biyolojik bilginin matematikle modellenmesi ve gösterimi anlamına gelmektedir. Biyomatematiğin konu alanının genişliği ve gelişen mesleki uygulamalardaki yeri düşünüldüğünde, geleceğin yetişkinleri olan ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin, biyoloji-matematik bölümleri lisans-lisansüstü öğrencilerinin ve bu konuya dair ilk bilgileri aktaran öğretmen adaylarının yetiştirilmesi için önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki biyomatematik araştırmalarını ve biyomatematik eğitimini inceleyerek geleceğe ilişkin çıkarımlar yapılmasıdır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Veri toplama sürecinde ise biyomatematik bilimini konu edinen araştırmalara ve biyomatematik bilimi üzerine eğitim veren kurum ve programlara ilişkin dokümanlara ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan dokümanlar içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda ülkemizde yapılan araştırmalarda biyomatematik kavramının henüz kavramsal olarak yerleşmediğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu durum sadece bilimsel araştırmalar ile sınırlı kalmayıp biyomatematik eğitiminin de yükseköğretim programlarında tam anlamıyla yerini alamadığını gösterebilir. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar biyomatematiğin öneminin çok yönlü olarak incelenmesi adına yapılacak yeni araştırmaların gerekliliğini göstermektedir.
Time‐varying nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for uncertain second‐order nonlinear systems with prespecified time
Authors: Boukattaya Mohamed , Gassara Hamdi
Published: June 2022

This article proposes a time‐varying nonsingular terminal sliding mode (TSM) control for a class of uncertain second‐order nonlinear system and its application to n‐links rigid robotic manipulators. First, a time‐varying nonsingular terminal sliding manifold is developed by incorporating a piecewise‐defined function of time into a nonsingular TSM manifold. As a result, the singularity problem is avoided and the reaching phase existing in conventional TSM control is totally suppressed which ensures the global robustness of the system against uncertainties and disturbances. Moreover, adaptive tuning laws are developed to omit the requirement of prior knowledge of the upper bound of the lumped uncertainty. In particular, an effective method is provided for the parameters selection to meet a prespecified convergence time. Hence, the convergence time to the origin of the tracking errors can be specified in advance according to the mission requirements. The formulation of the controllers and the stability analysis are verified by Lyapunov theory. Simulation results and comparative studies are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed algorithms.
Atherothrombosis‐on‐Chip: A Site‐Specific Microfluidic Model for Thrombus Formation and Drug Discovery
Authors: Akther Fahima , Zhang Jun , Tran Huong D. N. , Fallahi Hedieh , Adelnia Hossein , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Ta Hang Thu
Published: June 2022

Atherothrombosis, an atherosclerotic plaque disruption condition with superimposed thrombosis, is the underlying cause of cardiovascular episodes. Herein, a unique design is presented to develop a microfluidic site‐specific atherothrombosis‐on‐chip model, providing a universal platform for studying the crosstalk between blood cells and plaque components. The device consists of two interconnected microchannels, namely main and supporting channels: the former mimics the vessel geometry with different stenosis, and the latter introduces plaque components to the circulation simultaneously. The unique design allows the site‐specific introduction of plaque components in stenosed channels ranging from 0% to above 50%, resulting in thrombosis, which has not been achieved previously. The device successfully explains the correlation between vessel geometry and thrombus formation phenomenon as well as the influence of shear rate on platelet aggregation, confirming the reliability and the effectiveness of the design. The device exhibits significant sensitivity to aspirin. In therapeutic doses (50 × 10−6 and 100 × 10−6 m), aspirin delays and prevents platelet adhesion, thereby reducing the thrombus area in a dose‐dependent manner. Finally, the device is effectively employed in testing the targeted binding of the RGD (arginyl‐glycyl‐aspartic acid) labeled polymeric nanoparticles on the thrombus, extending the use of the device to examine targeted drug carriers.
Breath‐Figure Self‐Assembled Low‐Cost Janus Fabrics for Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Desalination
Authors: Tian Yankuan , Li Yiju , Zhang Xinyue , Jia Jie , Yang Xin , Yang Shukang , Yu Jianyong , Wu Dequn , Wang Xueli , Gao Tingting , Li Faxue
Published: June 2022

Solar‐driven interfacial evaporation materials for seawater desalination and wastewater treatment have attracted extensive research interest in recent years. Nevertheless, salt accumulation, costly materials, and complex preparation processes greatly hinder the practical application of solar steam generation. Herein, with low‐cost materials such as carbon black (CB), polystyrene‐b‐polybutadiene‐b‐polystyrene (SBS), and commercial cotton fabric, the CB@SBS/cotton fabric Janus evaporator is fabricated via a breath figure template (BFT) method for scalable, long‐term, and stable solar‐driven interfacial desalination. The BFT is a simple yet efficient self‐assembly method that endows the hydrophobic surface of CB@SBS/cotton fabric with a porous structure for high light absorption (≈95.5%) and steam escape. As a result, the CB@SBS/cotton fabric Janus evaporator can achieve a water evaporation rate of 1.37 kg m–2 h–1 and conversion efficiency of 91.3% even in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, as well as stably cycling over 15 times without salt accumulation (each cycle: 8 h for illumination and 16 h for rest). The work demonstrates an effective strategy for achieving high‐performance solar steam generation and superior salt rejection capability, which can be potentially utilized in seawater desalination, sterilization, and disinfection.
High‐Performance Strain of Lead‐Free Relaxor‐Ferroelectric Piezoceramics by the Morphotropic Phase Boundary Modification
Authors: Li Tangyuan , Liu Chang , Shi Peng , Liu Xiao , Kang Ruirui , Long Changbai , Wu Ming , Cheng Shaodong , Mi Shaobo , Xia Yuanhua , Li Linglong , Wang Dong , Lou Xiaojie
Published: June 2022

Bismuth sodium titanate (BNT)‐based lead‐free piezoceramics are promising for replacing lead‐based piezoceramics in piezoelectric actuators due to their large strains. However, achieving low‐hysteresis large‐strain BNT‐based ceramics over a broad temperature range is challenging, owing to the complexity of the composition design and phase transformation. Herein, a lead‐free relaxor‐ferroelectric (1−x)Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06TiO3‐xK0.47Na0.47Li0.06Nb0.99Sb0.01O2.99 system (BNBT‐KNLNS) near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), achieved by phase‐field simulations and rational composition design (i.e., BNBT with the MPB as the base and the ferroelectric phase of KNLNS as the dopant) is reported. This ceramic exhibits large strains (0.32–0.51%) and low strain hysteresis (11.1–59.9%) over a wide temperature range (25–125 °C), outperforming many state‐of‐the‐art lead‐free piezoceramics. A small fraction of ferroelectric states embedded in the relaxor matrix is experimentally observed, where these states act as seeds, facilitating the reversible relaxor‐to‐ferroelectric transition. In addition, the MPB composition with low energy barriers yields large strain responses, owing to the easy polarization reversal and extension. Consequently, low‐hysteresis large strains are obtained over a broad temperature range. This work provides a novel design route for discovering high‐performance piezoceramics for actuator applications.
Improving the Stability of Silicon Nanowires During Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation with Zinc 1T‐Phase Molybdenum Disulfide
Authors: Younan Sabrina M. , Li Zhida , Fairchild Michael P. , Williams Nicholas B. , Huang Yichao , Gu Jing
Published: June 2022

Semiconductor photoelectrodes directly convert sunlight into stored chemical energy. In photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices, this photoconversion process relies on the junction between the semiconductor and catalyst to drive charge separation and generate electron/hole charge carriers. The growth of native oxides (SiOx) on the surface of semiconductors during device operation induces charge carrier recombination and photodegradation, which limit the operation lifetime of PEC devices. Likewise, the commercialization of photoelectrochemical devices is hindered by the use of expensive, rare precious metal catalysts such as platinum to enhance hydrogen evolution kinetics. This work demonstrates how drop casting zinc 1T‐phase molybdenum disulfide (Zn 1T‐MoS2) onto silicon nanowires (SiNWs) generates an interface that overcomes these challenges. This Zn 1T‐MoS2/SiNWs junction drives hydrogen evolution under acidic conditions (0.5 M H2SO4) comparably to platinum‐modified SiNWs (Pt/SiNWs) with a positive overpotential of 164 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and low Tafel slope of 42 mV dec−1. Compared to the bare SiNWs, the Zn 1T‐MoS2/SiNWs junction retains roughly 66% more photocurrent density and reduces SiOx growth by 16% after 24 h of continuous electrolysis. By developing a deep understanding of the catalyst‐semiconductor interface, photoelectrochemical devices may be effectively designed to maintain their stability over a lifetime of operation.
Exciton Diffusion and Annihilation in Nanophotonic Purcell Landscapes
Authors: Raziman T. V. , Visser C. Peter , Wang Shaojun , Gómez Rivas Jaime , Curto Alberto G.
Published: June 2022

Excitons spread through diffusion and interact through exciton–exciton annihilation. Nanophotonics can counteract the resulting decrease in light emission. However, conventional enhancement treats emitters as immobile and non‐interacting. It neglects exciton redistribution between regions with different enhancements and the increase in non‐radiative decay at high exciton densities. Here, the authors went beyond the localized Purcell effect to exploit exciton dynamics and turn their typically detrimental impact into additional emission. As interacting excitons diffuse through optical hotspots, the balance of excitonic and nanophotonic properties leads to either enhanced or suppressed photoluminescence. The dominant enhancement mechanisms are identified in the limits of high and low diffusion and annihilation. Diffusion lifts the requirement of spatial overlap between excitation and emission enhancements, which are harnessed to maximize emission from highly diffusive excitons. In the presence of annihilation, improved enhancement is predicted at increasing powers in nanophotonic systems dominated by emission enhancement. The guidelines are relevant for efficient and high‐power light‐emitting diodes and lasers tailored to the rich dynamics of excitonic materials such as monolayer semiconductors, perovskites, or organic crystals.
Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Bacteria‐Contaminated Bone Defects: Reconstruction with Multi‐Biofunctional GO/Cu‐Incorporated 3D Scaffolds
Authors: Yang Ying , Li Min , Zhou Bixia , Jiang Xulei , Zhang Dou , Luo Hang , Lei Shaorong
Published: June 2022

Large‐scale bone defects caused by traumatic injury or tumor resection, are accompanied by relatively high bacterial infection rates. Relevant clinical therapy encounters challenges of infection recurrence, poor vascularization, and bone destruction. Engineered substitutes endowed with multiple functions of bacterial eradication, osteoconductivity, and angiogenesis are urgently needed to address these challenges. Herein, graphene oxide/copper (GO/Cu) nanocomposite‐decorated polylactide‐co‐glycolide (PLGA)/β‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (P/T/GO/Cu) scaffolds are fabricated using 3D printing technology. A comprehensive evaluation of material characteristics and biological activities of these scaffolds is conducted and compared. This novel bone substitute has unique surface characteristics, and the incorporation of GO/Cu nanocomposites into the scaffolds exhibits improved antimicrobial and osteogenic potential and displays acceptable cytocompatibility. A subcutaneous implantation model in rats confirms the effective inhibition of abscess formation and inflammatory reactions, satisfactory neovascularization and tissue integration, and good biosafety of the implanted P/T/GO/Cu scaffolds. Eventually, a bacteria‐contaminated bone defect model is established in rabbits and significantly better new cancellous bone formation featuring collagen or osteoid deposition is clearly found in the defect regions implanted with P/T/GO/Cu scaffolds. Thus, this novel bone substitute with excellent bacterial inhibition, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis capabilities represents a promising strategy to satisfy the multiple demands for the repair of bacteria‐contaminated bone defects.
The organic premium of baby food based on market segments
Authors: Liu Yuting , Sam Abdoul G.
Published: June 2022

Parents may be more attentive to health and safety concerns when purchasing food for their babies due to the fragility of the digestive system of infants and their early stage of growth. The processing of organic baby food involves minimal use of toxic chemicals and synthetic food additives which may be attractive to health‐conscious parents. On the other hand, organic baby food is generally more expensive than nonorganic alternatives due to the cost of organic certification. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the price premium that parents are willing to pay for organic baby food and how it varies along several dimensions: organic label, food type based on developmental stage, retail channel, frequency of purchase of organic products, and over time. We apply the hedonic price model to Nielsen consumer panel data to isolate brand effects from the organic effects on product prices. The empirical results show that parents pay 17%–27% more, on average, for organic baby food than conventional alternatives, after controlling for a series of product and market characteristics. [EconLit Citations: D12, Q11, L66, C13].
A rare cause of infantile achalasia: GMPPA‐congenital disorder of glycosylation with two novel compound heterozygous variants
Authors: Geiculescu Irina , Dranove Jason , Cosper Graham , Edmondson Andrew C. , Morava‐Kozicz Eva , Carter Lauren B.
Published: June 2022

Achalasia is rare in the pediatric population and should prompt clinicians to consider genetic disorders associated with this condition. While AAA syndrome (also known as Allgrove or Triple A syndrome) is commonly considered, GMPPA‐congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) should also be in the differential diagnosis. We report a 9‐month‐old female born to nonconsanguineous parents with achalasia and alacrima found to have two novel compound heterozygous variants in the GMPPA gene associated with GMPPA‐CDG. This rare disorder is commonly associated with developmental delay and intellectual disability. We discuss management of this disorder including the importance of confirming a genetic diagnosis and summarize reported cases.
Chromophore‐Inspired Design of Pyridinium‐Based Metal–Organic Polymers for Dual Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Jin Yunhe , Ma Lin , Zhang Yongqiang , Meng Changgong , Duan Chunying
Published: June 2022

2,4,6‐Triphenylpyrylium (TPT+) functions as a classic organic photocatalyst and exhibits a noteworthy absorption in the visible range, strongly oxidizing excited states, and a somewhat unstable structure. Inspired by the nuclear chromophore and dual catalysis strategy, herein, we report a universal photoredox platform constructed byTPT+‐mimic bridging ligands and reductive metal ions on the basis of metal–organic supramolecular systems for various organic couplings and molecular oxygen activation under visible‐light irradiation. Significant photoinduced electron transfer and ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer events are both integrated and regulated by the spatial and kinetic confinement effects of the structurally confined microenvironments, effectively improving the efficiency of electron transfer and radical–radical coupling processes in photocatalysis. This package deal provides a promising way for the design of novel photocatalysts and the development of versatile and sustainable synthetic chemistry.
Bis(imidazolium)‐1,3‐diphosphete‐diide: A Building Block for FeC2P2 Complexes and Clusters
Authors: Scharnhölz Moritz Theodor , Coburger Peter , Gravogl Lisa , Klose Daniel , Gamboa‐Carballo Juan José , Le Corre Grégoire , Bösken Jonas , Schweinzer Clara , Thöny Debora , Li Zhongshu , Meyer Karsten , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: June 2022

Reaction of the 6π‐electron aromatic four‐membered heterocycle (IPr)2C2P2 (1) (IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene) with [Fe2CO9] gives the neutral iron tricarbonyl complex [Fe(CO)3‐η3‐{(IPr)2C2P2}] (2). Oxidation with two equivalents of the ferrocenium salt, [Fe(Cp)2](BArF24), affords the dicationic tricarbonyl complex [Fe(CO)3‐η4‐{(IPr)2C2P2}](BArF24)2 (4). The one‐electron oxidation proceeds under concomitant loss of one CO ligand to give the paramagnetic dicarbonyl radical cation complex [Fe(CO)2‐η4‐{(IPr)2C2P2}](BArF24) (5). Reduction of 5 allows the preparation of the neutral dicarbonyl complex [Fe(CO)2‐η4‐{(IPr)2C2P2}] (6). An analysis by various spectroscopic techniques (57Fe Mössbauer, EPR) combined with DFT calculations gives insight into differences of the electronic structure within the members of this unique series of iron carbonyl complexes, which can be either described as electron precise or Wade–Mingos clusters.
Methylamine Lithium Borohydride as Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Grinderslev Jakob B. , Skov Lasse N. , Andreasen Jacob G. , Ghorwal Shaiq , Skibsted Jørgen , Jensen Torben R.
Published: June 2022

Fast Li‐ion conductivity at room temperature is a major challenge for utilization of all‐solid‐state Li batteries. Metal borohydrides with neutral ligands are a new emerging class of solid‐state ionic conductors, and here we report the discovery of a new mono‐methylamine lithium borohydride with very fast Li+ conductivity at room temperature. LiBH4⋅CH3NH2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, forming a two‐dimensional unique layered structure. The layers are separated by hydrophobic −CH3 moieties, and contain large voids, allowing for fast Li‐ionic conduction in the interlayers, σ(Li+)=1.24×10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature. The electronic conductivity is negligible, and the electrochemical stability is ≈2.1 V vs Li. The first all‐solid‐state battery using a lithium borohydride with a neutral ligand as the electrolyte, Li‐metal as the anode and TiS2 as the cathode is demonstrated.
A validated liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectroscopy method for the quantification of tolinapant in human plasma
Authors: Martins Vanessa , Wilsher Nicola , Lin Song , Oganesian Aram
Published: June 2022

Tolinapant (ASTX660), a pan‐selective inhibitor of apoptosis protein antagonist with dual cIAP/XIAP activity, was identified as a clinical candidate in preclinical efficacy, pharmacokinetic and safety studies. In order to assess tolinapant in first‐in‐human Phase I/II clinical trials, a validated bioanalytical method was required to determine plasma pharmacokinetics. Tolinapant and d4‐tolinapant were extracted from human plasma using liquid‐liquid extraction. Separation chromatography was performed on a Acquity BEH C18 1.7 µM, 50 mm × 2.1 mm i.d. column, using a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Mass spectrometry detection was performed by positive turbo ion spray ionisation, in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. The method has a quantifiable linear range of 1–500 ng/mL (r2 = 0.999). The intra‐ and inter‐day coefficients of variation were < 11.4%. Dilution QC samples agreed with prepared concentrations, with a precision of 1.5% and accuracy of 101%. Tolinapant mean recoveries ranged from 85.1–94.4 % with negligible matrix effects. A highly sensitive and selective LC‐MS/MS bioanalytical method was developed and validated. The method was successfully applied in Phase 1/2 clinical trials to determine the human pharmacokinetic profile of tolinapant.
Back to the future: Fatty acids, the green genie to design smart soft materials
Authors: Fameau Anne‐Laure , Marangoni Alejandro G.
Published: June 2022

Fatty acids are widely used in industries for various applications as soaps or in their crystalline form. Fatty acid soaps are used as surface‐active agent to stabilize foams and emulsions, for detergency, and surface wetting. Fatty acid molecules in organic solvents are used as low‐molecular‐mass organic gelators. Currently, there is a renewed interest in using fatty acids in industrial applications instead of petrochemical surfactants since fatty acid soaps are green surfactants. Fatty acids exhibit also many advantages, including the design of responsive soft‐materials. Fatty acid soaps are natural pH and thermoresponsive surfactants, which can lead to responsive foams and emulsions. In their crystalline form, fatty acid crystals in both aqueous and non‐aqueous solvents stabilize liquid foams. These crystals are also efficient in the production of liquid marbles. Fatty acids are solvosurfactants with the ability to form microemulsions and capillary suspensions. In this review, we illustrate how fatty acid molecules can be used in the manufacture of multiresponsive soft‐materials ranging from aqueous and non‐aqueous foams, emulsions, nanoemulsions, microemulsions, liquid marbles and capillary suspensions.
UV curing: An alternative method for fixation of β‐carotene containing microparticles substances onto cotton fabrics by acrylic binder
Authors: Pektaş Koray , Sarıışık Merih , Erkan Gökhan , Ziylan Aylin
Published: June 2022

Capsulation technology is one of the methods that have been utilized for gaining various functional properties of textile materials. With the technology, in recent years, textile materials have been made to exhibit functions such as vitamins, fragrances, moistening effect, insect repellent, and anti‐cellulite. To establish permanent bonding between capsule‐based materials and textile materials, which also provides efficiency against washing, crosslinking agents are used. Commercial capsules are applied to a fabric by using acrylics or polyurethanes as the cross‐linker at a drying temperature of around 100°C and thermo‐fixation conditions are between 110 and 130°C. The capsules used for fragrance and aromatherapy applications, which contain volatile oil, can be affected in high‐temp conditions that cause evaporation and degradation of active ingredient. In this study, beta‐carotene as the active ingredient was dispersed within ethyl cellulose via spray drying first and then applied to textile materials to maintain the tanning effect. Besides thermal curing, the UV curing process with different photoinitiators will be utilized for the fixation of capsules onto textile materials. Hence, the UV curing technique will be used as an alternative to the thermal fixing of conventional cross‐linkers. After application of the capsules onto textile materials, characterization, and various efficiency tests such as color measurement, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis were performed. As a result, textiles containing β‐carotene microparticles that are resistant to 10 washing cycles were produced. Moreover, all the β‐carotene fixed fabric showed antioxidant activity and thermal stability. Consequently, it could be said that the UV curing process on textile materials can be an alternative curing process to the thermal curing process.
The effects of skull flattening on suchian jaw muscle evolution
Authors: Sellers Kaleb C. , Nieto Mauro Nicolas , Degrange Federico J. , Pol Diego , Clark James M. , Middleton Kevin M. , Holliday Casey M.
Published: June 2022

Jaw muscles are key features of the vertebrate feeding apparatus. The jaw musculature is housed in the skull whose morphology reflects a compromise between multiple functions, including feeding, housing sensory structures, and defense, and the skull constrains jaw muscle geometry. Thus, jaw muscle anatomy may be suboptimally oriented for the production of bite force. Crocodylians are a group of vertebrates that generate the highest bite forces ever measured with a flat skull suited to their aquatic ambush predatory style. However, basal members of the crocodylian line (e.g., Prestosuchus) were terrestrial predators with plesiomorphically tall skulls, and thus the origin of modern crocodylians involved a substantial reorganization of the feeding apparatus and its jaw muscles. Here, we reconstruct jaw muscles across a phylogenetic range of crocodylians and fossil suchians to investigate the impact of skull flattening on muscle anatomy. We used imaging data to create 3D models of extant and fossil suchians that demonstrate the evolution of the crocodylian skull, using osteological correlates to reconstruct muscle attachment sites. We found that jaw muscle anatomy in early fossil suchians reflected the ancestral archosaur condition but experienced progressive shifts in the lineage leading to Metasuchia. In early fossil suchians, musculus adductor mandibulae posterior and musculus pterygoideus (mPT) were of comparable size, but by Metasuchia, the jaw musculature is dominated by mPT. As predicted, we found that taxa with flatter skulls have less efficient muscle orientations for the production of high bite force. This study highlights the diversity and evolution of jaw muscles in one of the great transformations in vertebrate evolution.
History of nasopharyngeal study: A 5,000‐year odyssey into our evolving understanding of a small but vital region
Authors: Pagano Anthony Santino , Márquez Samuel
Published: June 2022

The nasopharynx has been understudied relative to neighboring anatomical regions. It is a highly complex, integrated space whose function, development, and evolution remains unclear after nearly 5,000 years of study. Historically, most work on the nasopharynx was done with a focus on adjacent structures. It has most often been mentioned in relation to the middle ear (via the Eustachian tube) in ancient texts and has only later been given a designation as one of three portions of a tripartite pharynx among adult humans. As human dissection became practiced more widely in Renaissance Europe, understanding of the nasopharyngeal boundaries improved. With further advancements in the study of nasopharyngeal development, evolution, and anatomical variation from the 19th century up until the present, this region has been shown to be functionally vital and still complicated to define.
Disciplinary contributions to research topics and methodology in Library and Information Science—Leading to fragmentation?
Authors: Vakkari Pertti , Chang Yu‐Wei , Järvelin Kalervo
Published: June 2022

The study analyses contributions to Library and Information Science (LIS) by researchers representing various disciplines. How are such contributions associated with the choice of research topics and methodology? The study employs a quantitative content analysis of articles published in 31 scholarly LIS journals in 2015. Each article is seen as a contribution to LIS by the authors' disciplines, which are inferred from their affiliations. The unit of analysis is the article‐discipline pair. Of the contribution instances, the share of LIS is one third. Computer Science contributes one fifth and Business and Economics one sixth. The latter disciplines dominate the contributions in information retrieval, information seeking, and scientific communication indicating strong influences in LIS. Correspondence analysis reveals three clusters of research, one focusing on traditional LIS with contributions from LIS and Humanities and survey‐type research; another on information retrieval with contributions from Computer Science and experimental research; and the third on scientific communication with contributions from Natural Sciences and Medicine and citation analytic research. The strong differentiation of scholarly contributions in LIS hints to the fragmentation of LIS as a discipline.
Advances in early diagnosis of cervical cancer based on biosensors
Authors: Ghaleh Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin , Shahriary Alireza , Izadi Morteza , Farzanehpour Mahdieh
Published: June 2022

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent of cervical cancer among women worldwide. Serological and molecular tests are commonly used to detect and identify HPV, but all the detection methods for HPV have some limitations. Nowadays, considerable advancements in nanosensors have enabled monitoring of hybridization procedures dynamically for HPV detection. Biosensors, as effective, quick, economical, and highly sensitive tools, can be used in the diagnosis of HPV as an alternative technique instead of other detection methods. Biosensor detection methods of HPV in use from 2000 to 2021 were investigated using several databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and the Scientific Information Database. Furthermore, a manual search of the references of the retrieved articles was performed. On analyzing the most recently developed biosensors for HPV identification, we observed that three biosensor systems, electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric systems, are the main transducers used in the development of HPV biosensors. The aim of this review is to examine recent research on biosensors for the detection of HPV and perform a comparison with other diagnostic methods. Considering the importance of rapid HPV detection in the control of infection and development of public health measures, improvement of biosensors as an economical and quick method can be very useful in the diagnosis of HPV.
Perivascular spaces as a marker of psychological trauma in depression: A 7‐Tesla MRI study
Authors: Ranti Daniel L , Warburton Andrew J , Rutland John W , Dullea Jonathan T. , Markowitz Matthew , Smith Derek A , Kligler Sophie Z Karwoska , Rutter Sarah , Langan Mackenzie , Arrighi‐Allisan Annie , George Ilena , Verma Gaurav , Murrough James W , Delman Bradley N , Balchandani Priti , Morris Laurel S
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Emerging evidence in depression suggests that blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and elevated inflammatory cytokines in states of persistent stress or trauma may contribute to the development of symptoms. Signal‐to‐noise ratio afforded by ultra‐high field MRI may aid in the detection of maladaptations of the glymphatic system related to BBB integrity that may not be visualized at lower field strengths.

Methods

We investigated the link between glymphatic neuroanatomy via perivascular spaces (PVS) and trauma experience in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and in healthy controls using 7‐Tesla MRI and a semi‐automated segmentation algorithm.

Results

After controlling for age and gender, the number of traumatic events was correlated with total PVS volume in MDD patients (r = 0.50, p = .028) and the overall population (r = 0.34, p = .024). The number of traumatic events eliciting horror was positively correlated with total PVS volume in MDD patients (r = 0.50, p = .030) and the overall population (r = 0.32, p = .023). Age correlated positively with PVS count, PVS total volume, and PVS density in all participants (r > 0.35, p < .01).

Conclusions

These results suggest a relationship between glymphatic dysfunction related to BBB integrity and psychological trauma, and that glymphatic impairment may play a role in trauma‐related symptomatology.