bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic panel as metamaterial antenna radome for dual‐band application
Authors: Pu Ta‐Chun , Lin Hung‐Hsuan , Wu Chun‐Yih , Chen Jui‐Hung
Published: July 2011

A novel planar dual‐band antenna is presented by using a panel of photovoltaic (PV) cells as a metamaterial layer for dual‐band operation. A 10‐Watt, 72‐cell unmodified commercial PV panel is applied as a transparent layer in the first operation band and as a semitransparent layer for λ/2 Fabry‐Pérot cavity in the second operation band to achieve high antenna gain. Unit‐cell transmission analysis is adopted to determine the frequency point of operation. And the screen impedance technique is utilized to increase simulation efficiency. The proposed prototype, measured as 360 × 320 × 44 mm, achieves remarkable 17.3 and 6.6 dBi antenna gain at 3.50 and 1.23 GHz, respectively, by a dual‐band dipole feeding. With the aid of PV panel, the antenna can support an upper band at about 3550 MHz to cover the WiMAX (3400–3600 MHz) operation and a lower band at about 1185 MHz to cover the 70 MHz operation bandwidth. The very combination of PV cell and antenna exhibits high fill factor, high‐gain, and simple construction characteristics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2382–2388, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26234
UV laser photofabrication of waveguide couplers using self‐patterning organic–inorganic hybrids
Authors: Xavier Lionnel R. , Fernandes Vasco R. , Vicente Carlos M. S. , Pécoraro Édison , Carlos Luis D. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , André Paulo S.
Published: July 2011

Planar waveguides with controlled refractive index were produced using thin films of sol‐gel derived organic–inorganic hybrids, so called di‐ureasils. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to characterize the films thickness and refractive index. UV‐laser direct‐writing method was used to produce Y‐splitter structures with coupling ratio of 50 % without the need of photoinitiators. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2304–2307, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26256
Direct six‐port modulator using polyphase networks
Authors: Lee Wang‐Sang , Oh Kyoung‐Sub , Kim Dong‐Zo , Yu Jong‐Won
Published: July 2011

In this article, a novel six‐port modulator is proposed and experimentally verified.The six‐port modulator circuit is realized by using power dividers/combiners and polyphase networks for the first time. A prototype operating in 2.4‐GHz instruments, scientifice and measurement (ISM) band has been fabricated and experimentally verified, to show its performance as vector modulator. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2321–2324, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26288
The influence of ejaculation and abstinence on urinary flow rates
Authors: Cindolo Luca , De Nunzio Cosimo , Sountoulides Petros , Bantis Athanasios , Tubaro Andrea , Schips Luigi
Published: July 2011

Aims

To investigate the relationship between urinary flow rate and ejaculation in healthy young men.

Methods

Young men were voluntarily enrolled in the study. All subjects were healthy, and sexually active, without neurological diseases, genital, or urethral surgery and they were not under any medications. Subjects were evaluated with ultrasound, uroflowmetry, and post‐void residual urine (PVR) measurement. All subjects were followed for 22 days (T) with daily uroflowmetry, and were instructed to ejaculate only on specific days (0, 6 and 22) during the study period. On days 0, 6 and 22 uroflow measurements were performed between 2 and 6 hr following ejaculation. Uroflowmetry parameters before and after ejaculation and during abstinence were compared. Data presented a non‐normal distribution and the non‐parametric Wilcoxon‐match‐paired test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for statistical analysis.

Results

18 subjects (mean age 27.4years) completed the study. A total of 414 uroflow charts were collected. A statistical significant increase in Qmax was observed after ejaculation (T‐1 Qmax: 22.7 ± 5.4 vs. T0 Qmax: 25.7± 8, P = 0.002; T5 Qmax 23.2 ± 5.4 vs. T6 Qmax 25.4 ± 8, P = 0.031; T21 Qmax 21 ± 4.8 vs. T22 Qmax 24.5 ± 7.9, P = 0.031). Sexual abstinence resulted in a progressive, statistically significant decline in Qmax rates (T0 Qmax 25.7 ± 8 vs. T5 23.2 ± 5.4 P = 0.035; T6 Qmax 25.4 ± 8 vs. T21 Qmax 21 ± 4.8, P = 0.01). PVR did not change during the study period.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that in young healthy men micturition might be influenced by ejaculation. Our findings, if confirmed in larger series of patients with LUTS, should support that sexual status and activity could represent an important confounding factor in the interpretation of uroflowmetry traces. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1571–1575, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prescription drug use during pregnancy in developed countries: a systematic review
Authors: Daw Jamie R. , Hanley Gillian E. , Greyson Devon L. , Morgan Steven G.
Published: July 2011

Purpose

To review the literature describing patterns of outpatient prescription drug use during pregnancy by therapeutic category, potential for fetal harm, and overall.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of peer‐reviewed literature published from 1989 to 2010. We included studies evaluating individual‐level exposures to prescription medicines during pregnancy. We selected only studies conducted in developed (Organization of Economic Co‐operation and Development) countries and published in English.

Results

Published drug utilization studies reveal wide variation in estimates of overall prescription drug use in pregnancy (27–93% of pregnant women filling at least one prescription excluding vitamins and minerals). Among studies of similar design, estimates were lowest in Northern European countries (44–47%) and highest in France (93%) and Germany (85%). Measured rates of use of contraindicated medicines in pregnancy ranged from 0.9% (Denmark, 1991–1996) to 4.6% (USA, 1996–2000). The use of medicines with positive evidence of risk ranged from 2.0% (Italy, 2004) to 59.3% (France, 1996).

Conclusion

Avoidable inconsistencies in study design and reporting attenuate conclusions that can be drawn from the literature on antenatal drug utilization. Nevertheless, the body of published research shows that antenatal prescription drug use is common, with many studies finding that a majority of women use one or more prescription medicine during pregnancy. Similarly, studies consistently report the use of drugs recognized as having potential risks in pregnancy. Given this widespread use, it is particularly important to develop standards for calculating and reporting antenatal exposures to improve the value of future research in this area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The General Factor of Personality and Evaluation
Authors: Pettersson Erik , Turkheimer Eric , Horn Erin E. , Menatti Andrew R.
Published: July 2011

According to the proposal of the general factor of personality (GFP), socially desirable personality traits have been selected for throughout evolution because they increase fitness. However, it remains unknown whether people high on this factor actually behave in socially desirable ways or whether they simply endorse traits of positive valence. We separated these two sources of variance by having 619 participants respond to 120 personality adjectives organised into 30 quadruples balanced for content and valence (e.g. unambitious, easy–going, driven and workaholic tapped the trait achievement–striving). An exploratory six–factor solution fit well, and the factors resembled the Big Five. We subsequently extracted a higher–order factor from this solution, which appeared similar to the GFP. A Schmid–Leiman transformation of the higher–order factor, however, revealed that it clustered items of similar valence but opposite content (e.g. at the negative pole, unambitious and workaholic), rendering it an implausible description of evolved adaptive behaviour. Isolating this evaluative factor using exploratory structural equation modelling generated factors consisting of items of similar descriptive content but different valence (e.g. driven and workaholic), and the correlations among these factors were of small magnitude, indicating that the putative GFP capitalises primarily on evaluative rather than descriptive variance. Implications are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Is Dispensable for Proliferation and Differentiation of Epidermal Progenitor Cells
Authors: Baris Olivier R. , Klose Anke , Kloepper Jennifer E. , Weiland Daniela , Neuhaus Johannes F.G. , Schauen Matthias , Wille Anna , Müller Alexander , Merkwirth Carsten , Langer Thomas , Larsson Nils-Göran , Krieg Thomas , Tobin Desmond J. , Paus Ralf , Wiesner Rudolf J.
Published: July 2011

Tissue stem cells and germ line or embryonic stem cells were shown to have reduced oxidative metabolism, which was proposed to be an adaptive mechanism to reduce damage accumulation caused by reactive oxygen species. However, an alternate explanation is that stem cells are less dependent on specialized cytoplasmic functions compared with differentiated cells, therefore, having a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic volume ratio and consequently a low mitochondrial content. To determine whether stem cells rely or not on mitochondrial respiration, we selectively ablated the electron transport chain in the basal layer of the epidermis, which includes the epidermal progenitor/stem cells (EPSCs). This was achieved using a loxP-flanked mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) allele in conjunction with a keratin 14 Cre transgene. The epidermis of these animals (TfamEKO) showed a profound depletion of mitochondrial DNA and complete absence of respiratory chain complexes. However, despite a short lifespan due to malnutrition, epidermal development and skin barrier function were not impaired. Differentiation of epidermal layers was normal and no proliferation defect or major increase of apoptosis could be observed. In contrast, mice with an epidermal ablation of prohibitin-2, a scaffold protein in the inner mitochondrial membrane, displayed a dramatic phenotype observable already in utero, with severely impaired skin architecture and barrier function, ultimately causing death from dehydration shortly after birth. In conclusion, we here provide unequivocal evidence that EPSCs, and probably tissue stem cells in general, are independent of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, but still require a functional dynamic mitochondrial compartment.
Obliged to be Difficult
Authors: Rowse Tim
Published: July 2011

Since the 1967 constitutional referendum, Australian governments have moved towards policies of indigenous self-determination. Obliged to be Difficult, first published in 2000, presents the central issue of self-determination as seen by Dr H. C. Coombs, the most important policy maker since the referendum: through what political mechanisms will indigenous Australians find their own voice? Coombs was singularly influential within government in the years 1967 to 1976, and he remained a tireless critic and policy advocate from 1977 to 1996. Rowse's narrative of his work, drawing on many unpublished sources, illuminates the interplay of government policy with indigenous practice. This book is both an account of government policies and a biographical slice of an outstanding Australian. In attempting a critical celebration of Coombs' vision and methods, it invites informed reflection on the issues of land rights, sovereignty and reconciliation in these conservative, and highly anxious, times.
The Politics of Africa's Economic Stagnation
Authors: Sandbrook Richard , Barker Judith
Published: July 2011

African states are not, in any real sense, capitalist states. Elsewhere, the state has played a crucial role in facilitating capitalist expansion, but in postcolonial Africa one finds a form of neopatrimonialism - personal rule - that introduces a variety of economic irrationalities. Productive economic activities are impeded by the political instability, systemic corruption and maladminstration associated with personal rule. In extreme cases, a downward spiral of political-economic decline is set in motion that is difficult to halt and reverse. Is personal rule simply a euphemism for ineptitude and mismanagement? The authors argue that it is not; it operates according to a particular political rationality that shapes a ruler's actions when, in the absence of legitimate authority, he is confronted with the challenge of governing an unintegrated peasant society. Neopatrimonialism is essentially an adaptation of colonial-inspired political institutions to peculiar historical and social conditions. This book focuses on the political factor as an important cause of Africa's economic ills. It analyses the social conditions impelling political adaptation and the consequences of personal rule for economic life, and surveys creative responses to the predicament African people now face.
Farm Planning and Control
Authors: Barnard C. S. , Nix J. S.
Published: July 2011

Although there are many motives for farming, the achievement of a worthwhile financial return, coupled with a good standard of living, ranks high among them. This implies the need for sound business organisation - the more so as holdings become larger, more specialised and more capital intensive. The present book offers a comprehensive treatment of farm business organisation and control. Although designed primarily as an intermediate text for students in universities and agricultural colleges, it is of interest and value to all those concerned with farm business, including business advisers, land agents, accountants and bank managers. The book's wide coverage is made possible by a mainly non-mathematical presentation coupled with a liberal use of examples drawn from farming practice. The book is divided into four parts: the organisation of resources, the organisation of enterprises, the combination of enterprises and the control of resources and enterprises. The overtaking theme is that, in order to make the most economic use of the resources at his disposal, the farmer has to decide what resources to use, how to organise their use within individual enterprises and how to combine the enterprises into an integrated farming system. Lastly, if these efforts are not to be largely wasted, he must initiate the keeping of suitable records to provide both planning data and a system of checks and controls when his plans are put into practice.
The Prague Spring and its Aftermath
Authors: Williams Kieran
Published: July 2011

The Prague Spring of 1968 was among the most important episodes in post-war European politics. In this book Kieran Williams analyses the attempt at reform socialism under Alexander Dubcek using materials and sources which have become available in the wake of the 1989 revolution. Drawing on declassified documents from party archives, the author readdresses important questions surrounding the Prague Spring: Why did liberalization occur? What was it intended to achieve? Why did the Soviet Union intervene with force? What was the political outcome of the invasion? What part did the reformers play in ending the experiment in reform socialism? What was the role of the security police under Dubcek? The book will provide new information for specialists as well as introductory analysis and narrative for students of East European politics and history and Soviet foreign policy.
Megaherbivores
Authors: Owen-Smith R. Norman
Published: July 2011

The largest land mammals are constrained in their activities by their large body size, a theme that is emphasized in this account of their general ecology. The book begins by raising the question as to why these once abundant and widely distributed 'megaherbivores' - elephants, rhinos, hippos and giraffes - have all but gone extinct, and ends by considering the implications of the answer for the conservation of the remaining populations. Existing megaherbivores are placed in the context of the more numerous species which occurred worldwide until the end of the last Ice Age, and knowledge of the ecology of surviving species is used to analyse the cause of the extinctions. The information and ideas contained in this book are of crucial importance to all concerned with halting the rapidly worsening conservation status of remaining elephant and rhinoceros species, and carries a wider message for those concerned with the ramifying effects of man on ecosystem processes. Graduate students and research scientists in ecology, conservation biology and wildlife management will find this book of value.
Lectures on Block Theory
Authors: Külshammer Burkhard
Published: July 2011

Block theory is a part of the theory of modular representation of finite groups and deals with the algebraic structure of blocks. In this volume Burkhard Külshammer starts with the classical structure theory of finite dimensional algebras, and leads up to Puigs main result on the structure of the so called nilpotent blocks, which he discusses in the final chapter. All the proofs in the text are given clearly and in full detail, and suggestions for further reading are also included. For researchers and graduate students interested in group theory or representation theory, this book will form an excellent self contained introduction to the theory of blocks.
A Treatise on Social Theory
Authors: Runciman W. G.
Published: July 2011

This second of three volumes sets out a general account of the structure and evolution of human societies. The author argues first that societies are to be defined as sets of roles whose incumbents are competitors for access to, or control of, the means of production, persuasion and coercion; and second, that the process by which societies evolve is one of competitive selection of the practices by which roles are defined analagous, but not reducible, to natural selection. He illustrates and tests these theses with evidence drawn from the whole range of societies documented in the historical and ethnographic record. The result is an original, powerful and far-reaching reformulation of evolutionary sociological theory which will make it possible to do for the classification and analysis of societies what Darwin and his successors have done for the classification and analysis of species.
A-Morphous Morphology
Authors: Anderson Stephen R.
Published: July 2011

In A-Morphous Morphology, Stephen Anderson presents a theory of word structure which relates to a full generative grammar of language. He holds word structure to be the result of interacting principles from a number of grammatical areas, and thus not localized in a single morphological component. Dispensing with classical morphemes, the theory instead treats morphology as a matter of rule-governed relations, minimizing the non-phonological internal structure assigned to words and eliminating morphologically motivated boundary elements. Professor Anderson makes the further claim that the properties of individual lexical items are not visible to, or manipulated by, the rules of the syntax, and assimilates to morphology special clitic phenomena. A-Morphous Morphology maintains significant distinctions between inflection, derivation, and compounding, in terms of their place ina grammar. It also contains discussion of the implications of this new A-Morphous position analysis of word structure.
A Theory of Aspectuality
Authors: Verkuyl Henk J.
Published: July 2011

Sentences may pertain to states or processes or events. They may express duration, frequency, habituality, and many other forms of temporality. How do they do this? It is the aspectual properties of sentences in natural languages which allow the user to express a temporal structure, and Henk Verkuyl presents a unified formal system to account for them. He explains aspectuality in terms of the opposition between terminative aspect and durative aspect, and describes the way in which terminative aspect is compositionally formed on the basis of semantic information expressed by different syntactic elements, in particular the verb and its arguments. The aim is to determine which semantic conditions make a sentence terminative; but at least ten different forms of durative aspectuality are also treated. All are drawn into a theory which can account for both terminative and durative aspectuality together. A Theory of Aspectuality draws together into a coherent whole the author's thinking on the subject over the last twenty years, and will interest all those working on aspect and the semantics of noun phrases. It promises to be a major new contribution to our understanding of the subject.
Shifting Languages
Authors: Errington J. Joseph
Published: July 2011

Indonesian is the national language of a vast, plural nation state, the world's fourth-largest country with a population of over 200 million. Although its use is growing rapidly, and is now spoken by nearly everyone over the age of six, it has almost relatively few native speakers. This remarkable growth, unprecedented in the development world, is largely due to the forceful presence of state institutions that use, promote, and disseminate a language first introduced by the Dutch colonial administration. Joseph Errington's third book on language in Indonesia is a detailed analysis of 'shifting languages' in two small Javanese communities. A key figure in this area of research, he examines changing conversation practices in relation to questions of ethnicity, nationalism, and political culture. Errington concludes that the Javanese story has theoretical implications beyond the two villages to other parts of Indonesia, South East Asia, and to the developing world in general.
A Study of Shakespeare's Versification
Authors: Bayfield Matthew Albert
Published: July 2011

The Reverend Matthew Albert Bayfield (1852–1922) published this study at the end of his life after a long career as classical scholar, editor of Greek tragedies and headmaster of several public schools. He gives an account of the structure and characteristic features of Shakespeare's dramatic verse and argues that it has been fundamentally misunderstood by other scholars. In particular, he analyses the use of contractions or abbreviations found in the Folio and Quartos and continued in the editions of his own time. He weighs up which of the contractions familiar from many editions were actually Shakespeare's, and what that reveals about how Shakespeare might have intended his prose and verse to be spoken. Bayfield's many appendices evaluating the metre of specific lines and his detailed linguistic analysis remain thought-provoking for modern editors and scholars of Shakespeare.
Antiquités Celtiques et Antédiluviennes
Authors: Boucher de Perthes Jacques
Published: July 2011

Amateur geologist and archaeologist, Boucher de Perthes (1788–1868) was the first to establish the existence of man in Europe in the Pleistocene period. Although his three-volume work resulted from over ten years of excavations in the gravel pits of the Somme Valley, Boucher de Perthes' assertions were doubted by contemporaries. His conclusion was based on the simultaneous discovery of flint tools and human remains. These doubts appeared justified when a human jaw uncovered during one of his excavations turned out to be a hoax. De Perthes' findings later received support from the British Royal Society, sparking an explosion of scientific research on evolution. De Perthes was elected an officer of the Légion d'Honneur, and served as President of the Société d'Emulation d'Abbeville (Competitiveness Society) for seventeen years. Published in Paris, 1864, volume 3 includes results from further excavations, and articles by leading French and British scientists.
The Life of James Clerk Maxwell
Authors: Campbell Lewis , Garnett William
Published: July 2011

James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was a Scottish physicist well-known for his extensive work with electromagnetism, colour analysis, and kinetic theory. Considered by many to be a giant in his field with significant influence on the physicists who would follow, Maxwell spent time as a professor at Aberdeen University, King's College, London, and Cambridge. This 1882 Life by his friend Lewis Campbell and natural philosopher William Garnett represents an important – and lengthy – investigation into Maxwell's life and thought. Part I is concerned with biographical matters while the second section focuses upon his scientific mind. A third part contains Maxwell's poetry, so included because the poems are 'characteristic of him' and have 'curious biographical interest'. At nearly 700 pages, the Life represents an important starting point for those curious about the state of theoretical physics and the person in whom it reached its culmination in the nineteenth century.
A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism
Authors: Maxwell James Clerk
Published: July 2011

Arguably the most influential nineteenth-century scientist for twentieth-century physics, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) demonstrated that electricity, magnetism and light are all manifestations of the same phenomenon: the electromagnetic field. A fellow of Trinity College Cambridge, Maxwell became, in 1871, the first Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge. His famous equations - a set of four partial differential equations that relate the electric and magnetic fields to their sources, charge density and current density - first appeared in fully developed form in his 1873 Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. This two-volume textbook brought together all the experimental and theoretical advances in the field of electricity and magnetism known at the time, and provided a methodical and graduated introduction to electromagnetism. Volume 1 covers the first elements of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory: electrostatics, and electrokinematics, including detailed analyses of electrolysis, conduction in three dimensions, and conduction through heterogeneous media.
A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism
Authors: Maxwell James Clerk
Published: July 2011

Arguably the most influential nineteenth-century scientist for twentieth-century physics, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) demonstrated that electricity, magnetism and light are all manifestations of the same phenomenon: the electromagnetic field. A fellow of Trinity College Cambridge, Maxwell became, in 1871, the first Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge. His famous equations - a set of four partial differential equations that relate the electric and magnetic fields to their sources, charge density and current density - first appeared in fully developed form in his 1873 Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. This two-volume textbook brought together all the experimental and theoretical advances in the field of electricity and magnetism known at the time, and provided a methodical and graduated introduction to electromagnetic theory. Volume 2 covers magnetism and electromagnetism, including the electromagnetic theory of light, the theory of magnetic action on light, and the electric theory of magnetism.
Vygotsky in Perspective
Authors: Miller Ronald
Published: July 2011

Lev Vygotsky has acquired the status of one of the grand masters in psychology. Following the English translation and publication of his Collected Works there has been a new wave of interest in Vygotsky, accompanied by a burgeoning of secondary literature. Ronald Miller argues that Vygotsky is increasingly being 'read' and understood through secondary sources and that scholars have claimed Vygotsky as the foundational figure for their own theories, eliminating his most distinctive contributions and distorting his theories. Miller peels away the accumulated layers of commentary to provide a clearer understanding of how Vygotsky built and developed his arguments. In an in-depth analysis of the last three chapters of Vygotsky's book Thinking and Speech, Miller provides a critical interpretation of the core theoretical concepts that constitute Vygotsky's cultural-historical theory, including the development of concepts, mediation, the zone of proximal development, conscious awareness, inner speech, word meaning and consciousness.
West India Colonies
Authors: MacQueen James
Published: July 2011

James MacQueen (1778–1870) was one of the most outspoken critics of the British anti-slavery campaign in the 1820s and 1830s. A former manager of a sugar plantation in the Caribbean, he was editor of the Glasgow Courier, a paper that favoured West Indian merchant interests and opposed rights for slaves. First published in 1824, this book is a direct attack on contemporary anti-slavery campaigners, such as William Wilberforce and Thomas Clarkson, whom MacQueen holds responsible for 'the dreadful misrepresentations scattered abroad' about West India colonies and the planters. MacQueen, who insists on calling himself an enemy of slavery 'in the abstract', argues that abolition in the colonies would lead to insurrections, bringing chaos and barbarism to these territories. This, in turn, would lead to the loss of the British colonies. This volume remains an essential document in the context of post-colonial studies.
Economic Growth in Europe
Authors: Timmer Marcel P. , Inklaar Robert , O'Mahony Mary , Ark Bart van
Published: July 2011

Why has European growth slowed down since the 1990s while American productivity growth has speeded up? This book provides a thorough and detailed analysis of the sources of growth from a comparative industry perspective. It argues that Europe's slow growth is the combined result of a severe productivity slowdown in traditional manufacturing and other goods production, and a concomitant failure to invest in and reap the benefits from Information and Communications Technology (ICT), in particular in market services. The analysis is based on rich new databases including the EU KLEMS growth accounting database and provides detailed background of the data construction. As such, the book provides new methodological perspectives and serves as a primer on the use of data in economic growth analysis. More generally, it illustrates to the research and policy community the benefits of analysis based on detailed data on the sources of economic growth.
An Introduction to Random Matrices
Authors: Anderson Greg W. , Guionnet Alice , Zeitouni Ofer
Published: July 2011

The theory of random matrices plays an important role in many areas of pure mathematics and employs a variety of sophisticated mathematical tools (analytical, probabilistic and combinatorial). This diverse array of tools, while attesting to the vitality of the field, presents several formidable obstacles to the newcomer, and even the expert probabilist. This rigorous introduction to the basic theory is sufficiently self-contained to be accessible to graduate students in mathematics or related sciences, who have mastered probability theory at the graduate level, but have not necessarily been exposed to advanced notions of functional analysis, algebra or geometry. Useful background material is collected in the appendices and exercises are also included throughout to test the reader's understanding. Enumerative techniques, stochastic analysis, large deviations, concentration inequalities, disintegration and Lie algebras all are introduced in the text, which will enable readers to approach the research literature with confidence.
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Authors: Rudall Paula J.
Published: July 2011

In the 2007 third edition of her successful textbook, Paula Rudall provides a comprehensive yet succinct introduction to the anatomy of flowering plants. Thoroughly revised and updated throughout, the book covers all aspects of comparative plant structure and development, arranged in a series of chapters on the stem, root, leaf, flower, seed and fruit. Internal structures are described using magnification aids from the simple hand-lens to the electron microscope. Numerous references to recent topical literature are included, and new illustrations reflect a wide range of flowering plant species. The phylogenetic context of plant names has also been updated as a result of improved understanding of the relationships among flowering plants. This clearly written text is ideal for students studying a wide range of courses in botany and plant science, and is also an excellent resource for professional and amateur horticulturists.
Common Destiny
Authors: Knox MacGregor
Published: July 2011

This book offers a genuinely comparative analysis of the dictatorships that launched the Second World War: their origins, nature, dynamics, and common ruin. It seeks to understand their similarities and differences historically, without recourse to failed generic concepts such as 'Fascism.' The result is an unconventional and compelling analytical overview from territorial unification in the 1860s to national catastrophe in 1943/45 that places Fascism and Nazism firmly in the tradition of revolutionary mass politics inaugurated in the French revolution. Set within that overview are three chapters that interpret and explain Mussolini's poorly understood foreign policy and the character and performance of the military instruments upon which Fascist and Nazi success chiefly depended - the Italian and German armies. The chapter on the German army and the conclusion - which dissects the causes of the notable disparities between the two dictatorships in expansionist appetite, fighting power, and staying power - argue that a unique synthesis of Prusso-German military tradition and Nazi revolution prompted Germany's fight to the last cartridge in 1944–45.
Multivariable Analysis
Authors: Katz Mitchell H.
Published: July 2011

This new edition has been fully revised to build on the enormous success of its popular predecessor. It now includes new features introduced by readers' requests including a new chapter on propensity score, more detail on clustered data and Poisson regression and a new section on analysis of variance. As before it describes how to perform and interpret multivariable analysis, using plain language rather than complex derivations and mathematical formulae. It is the perfect introduction for all clinical researchers. It focuses on the nuts and bolts of performing research and prepares the reader to perform and interpret multivariable models. Numerous tables, graphs and tips help to simplify and explain the process of performing multivariable analysis. The text is illustrated with many up-to-date examples from the medical literature on how to use multivariable analysis in clinical practice and in research.
New England's Generation
Authors: Anderson Virginia DeJohn
Published: July 2011

Through analyses of the process of migration and settlement and of the symbolic meaning that participants attached to their experiences, this book tells the story of New England's origins as one of dynamism and change. Focusing on the lives of nearly seven-hundred emigrants, the narrative examines such topics as the settlers' motives for leaving England, their experience of the voyage, their patterns of settlement in the New World, and their search for economic security in a new land. The descendants of the founders erected the story of their 'great' migration into early British America's only effective foundation myth - a record of achievement that succeeding generations could never match. Rich in detail and insight, this exploration of New England's founding examines both the lives of ordinary people and the transcendent meanings that those lives ultimately acquired.
Quantum Measurement and Control
Authors: Wiseman Howard M. , Milburn Gerard J.
Published: July 2011

The control of individual quantum systems promises a new technology for the 21st century - quantum technology. This book is the first comprehensive treatment of modern quantum measurement and measurement-based quantum control, which are vital elements for realizing quantum technology. Readers are introduced to key experiments and technologies through dozens of recent experiments in cavity QED, quantum optics, mesoscopic electronics, and trapped particles several of which are analysed in detail. Nearly 300 exercises help build understanding, and prepare readers for research in these exciting areas. This important book will interest graduate students and researchers in quantum information, quantum metrology, quantum control and related fields. Novel topics covered include adaptive measurement; realistic detector models; mesoscopic current detection; Markovian, state-based and optimal feedback; and applications to quantum information processing.
The Emergence of Life
Authors: Luisi Pier Luigi
Published: July 2011

The origin of life from inanimate matter has been the focus of much research for decades, both experimentally and philosophically. Luisi takes the reader through the consecutive stages from prebiotic chemistry to synthetic biology, uniquely combining both approaches. This book presents a systematic course discussing the successive stages of self-organisation, emergence, self-replication, autopoiesis, synthetic compartments and construction of cellular models, in order to demonstrate the spontaneous increase in complexity from inanimate matter to the first cellular life forms. A chapter is dedicated to each of these steps, using a number of synthetic and biological examples. With end-of-chapter review questions to aid reader comprehension, this book will appeal to graduate students and academics researching the origin of life and related areas such as evolutionary biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics and natural sciences.
The Psychology of Risk
Authors: Breakwell Glynis M.
Published: July 2011

Risk surrounds and envelopes us. Without understanding it, we risk everything and without capitalising on it, we gain nothing. This accessible book from Glynis M. Breakwell, first published in 2007, comprehensively explores the psychology of risk, examining how individuals think, feel and act, as well as considering the institutional and societal assessments, rhetorics and reactions about risk. Featuring chapters on all the major issues in the psychology of risk including risk assessment, hazard perception, decision-making, risk and crisis management, risk and emotion, risk communication, safety cultures, the social amplification and social representation of risk and mechanisms for changing risk responses, Breakwell uses illustrations and examples to bring to life the significance of her research findings. She provides an innovative overview of current knowledge on the subject but also suggests that there are many fascinating questions still to be answered.
Mexico and its Diaspora in the United States
Authors: Délano Alexandra
Published: July 2011

In the past two decades, changes in the Mexican government's policies toward the 30 million Mexican migrants living in the US highlight the importance of the Mexican diaspora in both countries given its size, its economic power and its growing political participation across borders. This work examines how the Mexican government's assessment of the possibilities and consequences of implementing certain emigration policies from 1848 to 2010 has been tied to changes in the bilateral relationship, which remains a key factor in Mexico's current development of strategies and policies in relation to migrants in the United States. Understanding this dynamic gives an insight into the stated and unstated objectives of Mexico's recent activism in defending migrants' rights and engaging the diaspora, the continuing linkage between Mexican migration policies and shifts in the US-Mexico relationship, and the limits and possibilities for expanding shared mechanisms for the management of migration within the NAFTA framework.
MicroRNA-138 suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Liu Xiqiang , Wang Cheng , Chen Zujian , Jin Yi , Wang Yun , Kolokythas Antonia , Dai Yang , Zhou Xiaofeng
Published: July 2011

Down-regulation of miR-138 (microRNA-138) has been frequently observed in various cancers, including HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma). Our previous studies suggest that down-regulation of miR-138 is associated with mesenchymal-like cell morphology and enhanced cell migration and invasion. In the present study, we demonstrated that these miR-138-induced changes were accompanied by marked reduction in E-cad (E-cadherin) expression and enhanced Vim (vimentin) expression, characteristics of EMT (epithelial–mesenchymal transition). On the basis of a combined experimental and bioinformatics analysis, we identified a number of miR-138 target genes that are associated with EMT, including VIM, ZEB2 (zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2) and EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homologue 2). Direct targeting of miR-138 to specific sequences located in the mRNAs of the VIM, ZEB2 and EZH2 genes was confirmed using luciferase reporter gene assays. Our functional analyses (knock-in and knock-down) demonstrated that miR-138 regulates the EMT via three distinct pathways: (i) direct targeting of VIM mRNA and controlling the expression of VIM at a post-transcriptional level, (ii) targeting the transcriptional repressors (ZEB2) which in turn regulating the transcription activity of the E-cad gene, and (iii) targeting the epigenetic regulator EZH2 which in turn modulates its gene silencing effects on the downstream genes including E-cad. These results, together with our previously observed miR-138 effects on cell migration and invasion through targeting RhoC (Rho-related GTP-binding protein C) and ROCK2 (Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2) concurrently, suggest that miR-138 is a multi-functional molecular regulator and plays major roles in EMT and in HNSCC progression.
The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE): a nulling polarimeter for cosmic microwave background observations
Authors: A. Kogut  , D.J. Fixsen  , D.T. Chuss  , J. Dotson  , E. Dwek  , M. Halpern  , G.F. Hinshaw  , S.M. Meyer  , S.H. Moseley  , M.D. Seiffert  , D.N. Spergel  , E.J. Wollack
Published: July 2011

The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) is a concept for
an Explorer-class mission to measure the gravity-wave signature of
primordial inflation through its distinctive imprint on the linear
polarization of the cosmic microwave background. The instrument
consists of a polarizing Michelson interferometer configured as a
nulling polarimeter to measure the difference spectrum between
orthogonal linear polarizations from two co-aligned beams. Either
input can view the sky or a temperature-controlled absolute
reference blackbody calibrator. Rhe proposed instrument can map the
absolute intensity and linear polarization (Stokes I, Q, and U
parameters) over the full sky in 400 spectral channels spanning 2.5
decades in frequency from 30 GHz to 6 THz (1 cm to 50 μm
wavelength). Multi-moded optics provide background-limited
sensitivity using only 4 detectors, while the highly symmetric
design and multiple signal modulations provide robust rejection of
potential systematic errors. The principal science goal is the
detection and characterization of linear polarization from an
inflationary epoch in the early universe, with tensor-to-scalar
ratio r < 10−3 at 5 standard deviations. The rich PIXIE data
set can also constrain physical processes ranging from Big Bang
cosmology to the nature of the first stars to physical conditions
within the interstellar medium of the Galaxy.
A decentralized control scheme for orchestrating versatile arm movements in ophiuroid omnidirectional locomotion
Authors: Watanabe Wataru , Kano Takeshi , Suzuki Shota , Ishiguro Akio
Published: July 2011

Autonomous decentralized control is a key concept for understanding the mechanism underlying the adaptive and versatile behaviour of animals. Although the design methodology of decentralized control based on a dynamical system approach that can impart adaptability by using coupled oscillators has been proposed in previous studies, it cannot reproduce the versatility of animal behaviours comprehensively. Therefore, our objective is to understand behavioural versatility from the perspective of well-coordinated rhythmic and non-rhythmic movements. To this end, we focus on ophiuroids as a simple good model of living organisms that exhibit spontaneous role assignment of rhythmic and non-rhythmic arm movements, and we model such arm movements by using an active rotator model that can describe both oscillatory and excitatory properties. Simulation results show that the spontaneous role assignment of arm movements is successfully realized by using the proposed model, and the simulated locomotion is qualitatively equivalent to the locomotion of real ophiuroids. This fact can potentially facilitate a better understanding of the control mechanism responsible for the orchestration of versatile arm movements in ophiuroid omnidirectional locomotion.
Nursing in general practice: organizational possibilities for decision latitude, created skill, social support and identity derived from role
Authors: Merrick Eamon , Duffield Christine , Baldwin Richard , Fry Margaret
Published: July 2011

merrick e., duffield c., baldwin r. & fry m. (2012) Nursing in general practice: organizational possibilities for decision latitude, created skill, social support, and identity derived from role. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(3), 614–624.

Aim.  This article is a report of a study to describe the factors that support organizational opportunities for practice nurse decision‐making and skill development for nurses employed in general practice in New South Wales, Australia.

Background.  Corresponding to the availability of subsidies from the Australian universal health insurer (Medicare), there has been an increase in the number of nurses employed in general practice. Currently, there is no Australian evidence as to the organizational possibilities for these practice nurses to make decisions, develop their own skills and abilities, derive identity from their role or how their role is influenced by social support.

Methods.  Over a 8‐month period in 2008 practice, nurses employed in general practice in the State of New South Wales were invited to complete a 26‐item self‐administered online questionnaire utilizing constructs from Karaseks (1998) Job Content Questionnaire (valid n = 160).

Results.  Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that all scales demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency. Sequential regression models revealed that social support exerts a weak influence on decision latitude (R2 = 0·07); the addition of self‐identity through work significantly improved the predictive ability of the model (R2 = 0·16). Social support and self‐identity through work exerted a negative influence on created skill (R2 = 0·347), whereas social support was effective in predicting self‐identity through work (R2 = 0·148).

Conclusions.  Collegial and supervisory support in the work environment predicts organizational possibilities for practice nurse decision‐making.