bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost Optimization and Energy Management of a Microgrid Including Renewable Energy Resources and Electric Vehicles
Authors: Hai Tao , Zhou Jincheng , Zain Jasni Mohamad , Vafa Saeid
Published: September 2022

Penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is capable of alleviating numerous global environmental and energy challenges. Utilization of a significant number of PHEVs with significant capacity and control capabilities can increase electrical grid flexibility. However, optimum management of such vehicles with renewable energy sources (RESs) would be one of the primary difficulties needing to be investigated. In the form of a microgrid, the operation of substantial RESs’ and PHEVs’ penetration would be achieved when operating within a microgrid. The problem has been formulated and approached as a single-objective optimization model aiming to minimize the total cost of the grid-tied MG. The converged barnacles mating optimizer (CBMO) algorithm is deployed to tackle the problem. The derived results verify the desired performance of the method compared to well-established ones. In scenario 1, the CBMO method determines the MG operating costs that are lower than those given by some well-established methods including the genetic algorithm (GA), imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The cost computed by the CBMO is 263.632 €ct/day. Likewise, the values of cost for scenarios 2 and 3 utilizing the hybrid CBMO method are 300.1364 €ct/day and 336.2154 €ct/day, respectively. The findings confirm the usefulness of the proposed CBMO algorithm with an excellent convergence rate. Comparing the average solution time of the CBMO algorithm with those provided by other algorithms reveals the excellent performance of the CBMO method. The obtained results indicate that the mean simulation time of the suggested CBMO approach in the first case is 5.19 s, whereas the time required by the GA, PSO, and ICA is 12.92 s, 10.73 s, and 7.27 s, respectively.
Bi-Objective Surrogate Feasibility Robust Design Optimization Utilizing Expected Non-Dominated Improvement With Relaxation
Authors: Kania Randall J. , Azarm Shapour
Published: September 2022

Engineering design optimization problems often have two competing objectives as well as uncertainty. For these problems, quite often there is interest in obtaining feasibly robust optimum solutions. Feasibly robust here refers to solutions that are feasible under all uncertain conditions. In general, obtaining bi-objective feasibly robust solutions can be computationally expensive, even more so when the functions to evaluate are themselves computationally intensive. Although surrogates have been utilized to decrease the computational costs of such problems, there is limited usage of Bayesian frameworks on problems of multi-objective optimization under interval uncertainty. This article seeks to formulate an approach for the solution of these problems via the expected improvement Bayesian acquisition function. In this paper, a method is developed for iteratively relaxing the solutions to facilitate convergence to a set of non-dominated, robust optimal solutions. Additionally, a variation of the bi-objective expected improvement criterion is proposed to encourage variety and density of the robust bi-objective non-dominated solutions. Several examples are tested and compared against other bi-objective robust optimization approaches with surrogate utilization. It is shown that the proposed method performs well at finding robustly optimized feasible solutions with limited function evaluations.
Orientation Workspace Analysis and Parameter Optimization of 3-RRPS Parallel Robot for Pelvic Fracture Reduction
Authors: Lei Jingtao , Wang Jinhong
Published: September 2022

For parallel robots with general configuration, it is difficult to achieve the large rotation range requirement for pelvic fracture reduction. Application-based workspace optimization is important. In this paper, a 3-revolute-revolute-prismatic-spherical (3-RRPS) parallel robot with optimized parameters is studied, which can offer a large orientation workspace and relatively compact configuration. The inverse kinematics of the robot is analyzed by the closed-loop vector method. The cylindrical coordinate searching algorithm and boundary extraction method are adopted to calculate the orientation workspace. Defining the comprehensive branch length (CBL) to express robot’s compactness under the premise of satisfying the required orientation workspace. The genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to optimize structural parameters of the robot with CBL as the objective function. The optimization results show that when the orientation angles of the moving platform are limited to not less than 28 deg, the CBL of the robot is 291 mm. Finally, the virtual prototype simulation verification shows that the orientation angles of the moving platform around x-axis and y-axis can reach ±28 deg, the orientation angle around z-axis can reach ±40 deg, which meets the requirements of the rotational range for pelvic fracture reduction surgery.
A Novel Multiscale Evaluation Metric for the Thermal Management of Data Centers
Authors: Zhu Jinchen , Zhang Kai
Published: September 2022

Tremendous burden is compelled on the energy consumption of data centers with the rapid development of information technology, and a healthy thermal environment is critical for improving the cooling efficiency of data centers. Furthermore, the thermal management of the data center is determined by the evaluation of its thermal environment. However, most of the existing evaluation metrics describe the thermal environment through a single scale, which cannot fully reflect the thermal performance of data centers at different scales. To simplify the evaluation of the thermal environment in data centers, a novel multiscale evaluation metric of the recirculation and hot spots index (RHSI) is proposed in this study. The numerical model of an operating data center is established and verified with the experiments on site. Then, the thermal environment of the data center is evaluated based on the RHSI and the existing metrics. Finally, the applicability of the RHSI is further discussed from different scales in detail. The results show that all bypass airflow, hot recirculation, and local hot spots can be derived from the proposed RHSI simultaneously by comparing with the evaluation metrics of supply heat index (SHI) and rack cooling indicator (RCI) at the room scale, β at the rack scale, and index of mixing (IOM) at the row scale. The proposed RHSI can provide a guiding significance for the thermal management of data centers.
Multi-Objective Optimization of a Bi-Metal High Temperature Recuperator for Application in Concentrating Solar Power
Authors: Bryan Jacob A. , Meek Aiden S. , Wang Hailei
Published: September 2022

In recent years, supercritical CO2 closed-cycle Brayton cycles have become a major candidate for future power cycle designs in concentrating solar power (CSP) applications, with many of these designs including partial recompression and regeneration to increase thermal efficiency. This increase in efficiency, combined with potential miniaturization of heat transfer equipment and turbomachinery, could help significantly decrease the cost of energy generated by CSP plants. The high-temperature recuperator in these designs plays an integral role in these cycles and must operate and high temperatures and pressures. Printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs) have become a leading technology for these recuperators due to their size advantage over traditional shell and tube heat exchangers. However, PCHEs for high-temperature recuperators often must be built from costly nickel alloys to accommodate the extreme operating conditions.

One potential solution to this cost problem is to tailor the material of the heat exchanger body to its operating conditions, rather than needing to choose a single material. This could be accomplished by using additive manufacturing to create a multi-material unibody heat exchanger, with a high-performance nickel alloy being used only where temperature and pressure dictate its use. Specifically, powder bed fusion (PBF) would be used to create the low-temperature portion of the recuperator in stainless steel 316L, then the high temperature region would be added directly to the low-temperature portion in Inconel 625 using directed energy deposition (DED). This methodology would have the additional benefit of being able to manufacture the heat exchanger headers at the same time as the core. In this project, a 1-D model of such a heat exchanger is devised which models the variability of both fluid and solid properties.

The design of the heat exchanger core is based on existing PCHE core designs. While optimizing the core design, a number of different channel shapes and fin configurations are considered. Arrays of airfoil fins appear to have comparable heat transfer performance with reduced pressure drop when compared to other core designs. A multi-objective optimization of a small-scale heat exchanger is then performed using the 1-D model in order to determine the dimensional parameters which simultaneously maximize the heat exchanger effectiveness and minimize its size. Two designs appear in the Pareto front resulting from this optimization. Analysis shows that the design with less heat transfer area achieves higher effectiveness by limiting axial conduction in the walls of the recuperator while also suffering much less pressure drop in both fluids.
The Effect of Pitch on Heat Transfer to an Immersed Heat Exchanger in a Solar Thermal Storage Tank With and Without a Baffle
Authors: Nicodemus Julia Haltiwanger , Smith Joshua , Holme Alexander , Johnson Sarah , Petitt Kyle
Published: September 2022

The effect of the pitch of a copper coil heat exchanger immersed in a hot water storage tank on heat transfer from the storage tank to the heat exchanger working fluid is investigated. The storage tank is initially quiescent and full of hot water. The heat exchanger located at the top of the tank has a coil diameter just under the tank diameter and has a pitch of 2, 3, 4, 6 or 12 times the heat exchanger diameter, D. The effect of the pitch is explored both with and without a cylindrical baffle, which creates an annular region with the tank wall that has a width of 1.5D and within which the heat exchanger is located. In experiments without the baffle, increasing the heat exchanger pitch improves the rate of heat transfer to the working fluid. The improved heat transfer is attributed to the increased thermal stratification generated by the larger pitches. In experiments with the baffle, the results for experiments with pitches of 2D, 3D, 4D and 6D are all very similar, with 3D slightly outperforming the others. Heat transfer to the heat exchanger with a 12D pitch was significantly lower than the others. In experiments both with and without the baffle, the larger pitches resulted in more variation in experimental results, despite strict standards for initial and operating conditions. As in prior work, the presence of the baffle resulted in significantly higher heat transfer rates compared to respective experiments without the baffle. For example, relative to their respective experiments without a baffle, the energy extracted from the tank after 30 min of discharge in the 2D, 3D, 4D, 6D, and 12D experiments is 18.3%, 18.8%, 13.9%, 11.9%, and 5.0% higher, respectively.
Net-Zero Energy Home Design Using Photovoltaic-Based Distributed Energy Generation and Multi-Functional Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems Integrated With Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Kim Dongsu , Tran Kelly , Koh Jaeyoon , Cho Heejin
Published: September 2022

Net-zero energy homes (NZEHs) have been studied widely from different perspectives to provide realistic and practical solutions. Among various approaches to enable NZEH designs, energy-efficient heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems play a key role in providing thermal comfort and good air quality in a cost- and energy-efficient manner. This study proposes a NZEH design using photovoltaic (PV)-based distributed energy generation and multi-functional variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems with electric and thermal energy storage systems. Simulation-based NZEH performance evaluation is conducted based on case studies under various US climate conditions. To develop a validated NZEH simulation model, the net-zero energy residential test facility (NZERTF) constructed by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is used for benchmarking the NZEH reference model. Changes in monthly energy consumption and on-site power generation before and after the VRF application are analyzed to capture the potential impact of the VRF system application for the NZEH design. This study shows that the alternative NZEH design with the proposed VRF and electric and thermal energy storage systems can achieve around 13% through 32% of cooling energy reductions under different US climate conditions. With the proposed VRF system, the savings potential of domestic hot water energy consumption is significant up to 90% reduction compared to the original NZEH before the proposed VRF and energy storage systems were considered.
Measuring Mass with a Rubber Band and a Smartphone
Authors: Nichols Daniel
Published: September 2022

Ever wonder how an astronaut’s mass is measured in space? Of course, a weight scale is of no use, because the astronaut and the scale are in free fall. Measuring the period of a spring mass oscillator is one way to measure mass. In this article, we will demonstrate a method to measure mass using a smartphone, a rubber band, and an app called phyphox.
In Service of Equity: 3D-Printed Models in University Introductory Physics
Authors: Toggerson Brokk K.
Published: September 2022

One of the central tenets of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is the presentation of concepts using multiple modalities. As new technologies develop, the variety of available representations increases as well. In this paper, we explore how 3D-printed models can provide another avenue of approach to physics concepts. Students with low vision may particularly benefit from such models.
Online Course on Quantum Physics: Reading Primary Sources with Secondary School Students
Authors: Bitzenbauer Philipp , Zenger Tim
Published: September 2022

Quantum physics is the basis for many technologies that are a fundamental part of our daily lives (e.g., lasers) or that may become so in the future (e.g., quantum cryptography and quantum computing). Because of this, quantum physics is now a central aspect of many countries’ secondary school curricula. In this article, we present the design and structure of an online secondary school course for synchronous learning on the historical development of quantum physics and its modern applications. With this online course entitled “Reading Club Quantum Physics: From the Beginnings to Modern Quantum Technologies,” we want to provide teachers with an individually usable resource for reading parts of quantum physics pioneers’ original publications together with their students. For this purpose, we have didactically prepared selected articles with publication dates from 1901 to 2019 and enriched them in this course (consisting of a total of seven chapters) with various work materials. Interested teachers can access our course, without charge, for their own and their students’ use by sending an email to the corresponding author.
Is Physics in Crisis? The Mystery of the W Boson
Authors: Lincoln Don
Published: September 2022

The standard model of particle physics is the most successful theory describing the behavior of matter and energy in the subatomic realm. However, success doesn’t mean it is perfect, and a recent measurement of the mass of a particle called the W boson is puzzling, as it disagrees with theoretical predictions and earlier precise measurements. If this measurement and prediction are both correct, the standard model will have to be modified or replaced, potentially overturning half a century of accepted physics.
Feasibility evaluation of transtympanic laser stimulation of the cochlea from the outer ear
Authors: Uenaka Miku , Nagamura Hidekazu , Okamoto Aya , Hiryu Shizuko , Kobayasi Kohta I. , Tamai Yuta
Published: September 2022

Infrared laser stimulation has been studied as an alternative approach to auditory prostheses. This study evaluated the feasibility of infrared laser stimulation of the cochlea from the outer ear, bypassing the middle ear function. An optic fiber was inserted into the ear canal, and a laser was used to irradiate the cochlea through the tympanic membrane in Mongolian gerbils. A pulsed infrared laser (6.9 mJ/cm2) and clicking sound (70 peak-to-peak equivalent sound pressure level) were presented to the animals. The amplitude of the laser-evoked cochlear response was systematically decreased following insertion of a filter between the tympanic membrane and cochlea; however, the auditory-evoked cochlear response did not decrease. The filter was removed, and the laser-evoked response returned to around the original level. The amplitude ratio and the relative change in response amplitude before and during filter insertion significantly decreased as the absorbance of the infrared filter increased. These results indicate that laser irradiation could bypass the function of the middle ear and directly activate the cochlea. Therefore, laser irradiation from the outer ear is a possible alternative for stimulating the cochlea, circumventing the middle ear.
Dendritic axon origin enables information gating by perisomatic inhibition in pyramidal neurons
Authors: Hodapp Alexander , Kaiser Martin E. , Thome Christian , Ding Lingjun , Rozov Andrei , Klumpp Matthias , Stevens Nikolas , Stingl Moritz , Sackmann Tina , Lehmann Nadja , Draguhn Andreas , Burgalossi Andrea , Engelhardt Maren , Both Martin
Published: September 2022

Information processing in neuronal networks involves the recruitment of selected neurons into coordinated spatiotemporal activity patterns. This sparse activation results from widespread synaptic inhibition in conjunction with neuron-specific synaptic excitation. We report the selective recruitment of hippocampal pyramidal cells into patterned network activity. During ripple oscillations in awake mice, spiking is much more likely in cells in which the axon originates from a basal dendrite rather than from the soma. High-resolution recordings in vitro and computer modeling indicate that these spikes are elicited by synaptic input to the axon-carrying dendrite and thus escape perisomatic inhibition. Pyramidal cells with somatic axon origin can be activated during ripple oscillations by blocking their somatic inhibition. The recruitment of neurons into active ensembles is thus determined by axonal morphological features.
Pitx2
patterns an accelerator-brake mechanical feedback through latent TGFβ to rotate the gut
Authors: Sanketi Bhargav D. , Zuela-Sopilniak Noam , Bundschuh Elizabeth , Gopal Sharada , Hu Shing , Long Joseph , Lammerding Jan , Hopyan Sevan , Kurpios Natasza A.
Published: September 2022

The vertebrate intestine forms by asymmetric gut rotation and elongation, and errors cause lethal obstructions in human infants. Rotation begins with tissue deformation of the dorsal mesentery, which is dependent on left-sided expression of the Paired-like transcription factor
Pitx2
. The conserved morphogen
Nodal
induces asymmetric
Pitx2
to govern embryonic laterality, but organ-level regulation of
Pitx2
during gut asymmetry remains unknown. We found
Nodal
to be dispensable for
Pitx2
expression during mesentery deformation. Intestinal rotation instead required a mechanosensitive latent transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ), tuning a second wave of
Pitx2
that induced reciprocal tissue stiffness in the left mesentery as mechanical feedback with the right side. This signaling regulator, an accelerator (right) and brake (left), combines biochemical and biomechanical inputs to break gut morphological symmetry and direct intestinal rotation.
Limited climate change mitigation potential through forestation of the vast dryland regions
Authors: Rohatyn Shani , Yakir Dan , Rotenberg Eyal , Carmel Yohay
Published: September 2022

Forestation of the vast global drylands has been considered a promising climate change mitigation strategy. However, its actual climatic benefits are uncertain because the forests’ reduced albedo can produce large warming effects. Using high-resolution spatial analysis of global drylands, we found 448 million hectares suitable for afforestation. This area’s carbon sequestration potential until 2100 is 32.3 billion tons of carbon (Gt C), but 22.6 Gt C of that is required to balance albedo effects. The net carbon equivalent would offset ~1% of projected medium-emissions and business-as-usual scenarios over the same period. Focusing forestation only on areas with net cooling effects would use half the area and double the emissions offset. Although such smart forestation is clearly important, its limited climatic benefits reinforce the need to reduce emissions rapidly.
Plants to mine metals and remediate land
Authors: Rylott Elizabeth L. , Bruce Neil C.
Published: September 2022

Engineered plants can clean up pollution and recover technology-critical metals
Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates
Authors: Zanne Amy E. , Flores-Moreno Habacuc , Powell Jeff R. , Cornwell William K. , Dalling James W. , Austin Amy T. , Classen Aimée T. , Eggleton Paul , Okada Kei-ichi , Parr Catherine L. , Adair E. Carol , Adu-Bredu Stephen , Alam Md Azharul , Alvarez-Garzón Carolina , Apgaua Deborah , Aragón Roxana , Ardon Marcelo , Arndt Stefan K. , Ashton Louise A. , Barber Nicholas A. , Beauchêne Jacques , Berg Matty P. , Beringer Jason , Boer Matthias M. , Bonet José Antonio , Bunney Katherine , Burkhardt Tynan J. , Carvalho Dulcinéia , Castillo-Figueroa Dennis , Cernusak Lucas A. , Cheesman Alexander W. , Cirne-Silva Tainá M. , Cleverly Jamie R. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , Curran Timothy J. , D’Angioli André M. , Dallstream Caroline , Eisenhauer Nico , Evouna Ondo Fidele , Fajardo Alex , Fernandez Romina D. , Ferrer Astrid , Fontes Marco A. L. , Galatowitsch Mark L. , González Grizelle , Gottschall Felix , Grace Peter R. , Granda Elena , Griffiths Hannah M. , Guerra Lara Mariana , Hasegawa Motohiro , Hefting Mariet M. , Hinko-Najera Nina , Hutley Lindsay B. , Jones Jennifer , Kahl Anja , Karan Mirko , Keuskamp Joost A. , Lardner Tim , Liddell Michael , Macfarlane Craig , Macinnis-Ng Cate , Mariano Ravi F. , Méndez M. Soledad , Meyer Wayne S. , Mori Akira S. , Moura Aloysio S. , Northwood Matthew , Ogaya Romà , Oliveira Rafael S. , Orgiazzi Alberto , Pardo Juliana , Peguero Guille , Penuelas Josep , Perez Luis I. , Posada Juan M. , Prada Cecilia M. , Přívětivý Tomáš , Prober Suzanne M. , Prunier Jonathan , Quansah Gabriel W. , Resco de Dios Víctor , Richter Ronny , Robertson Mark P. , Rocha Lucas F. , Rúa Megan A. , Sarmiento Carolina , Silberstein Richard P. , Silva Mateus C. , Siqueira Flávia Freire , Stillwagon Matthew Glenn , Stol Jacqui , Taylor Melanie K. , Teste François P. , Tng David Y. P. , Tucker David , Türke Manfred , Ulyshen Michael D. , Valverde-Barrantes Oscar J. , van den Berg Eduardo , van Logtestijn Richard S. P. , Veen G. F. (Ciska) , Vogel Jason G. , Wardlaw Timothy J. , Wiehl Georg , Wirth Christian , Woods Michaela J. , Zalamea Paul-Camilo
Published: September 2022

Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)—even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth’s surface.
SARS-CoV-2 infection drives an inflammatory response in human adipose tissue through infection of adipocytes and macrophages
Authors: Martínez-Colón Giovanny J. , Ratnasiri Kalani , Chen Heping , Jiang Sizun , Zanley Elizabeth , Rustagi Arjun , Verma Renu , Chen Han , Andrews Jason R. , Mertz Kirsten D. , Tzankov Alexandar , Azagury Dan , Boyd Jack , Nolan Garry P. , Schürch Christian M. , Matter Matthias S. , Blish Catherine A. , McLaughlin Tracey L.
Published: September 2022

Obesity, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation of the adipose tissue, is associated with adverse coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, yet the underlying mechanism is unknown. To explore whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of adipose tissue contributes to pathogenesis, we evaluated COVID-19 autopsy cases and deeply profiled the response of adipose tissue to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. In COVID-19 autopsy cases, we identified SARS-CoV-2 RNA in adipocytes with an associated inflammatory infiltrate. We identified two distinct cellular targets of infection: adipocytes and a subset of inflammatory adipose tissue–resident macrophages. Mature adipocytes were permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection; although macrophages were abortively infected, SARS-CoV-2 initiated inflammatory responses within both the infected macrophages and bystander preadipocytes. These data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection of adipose tissue could contribute to COVID-19 severity through replication of virus within adipocytes and through induction of local and systemic inflammation driven by infection of adipose tissue–resident macrophages.
Draft Genome Sequence of Citrobacter cronae Awk (Sequence Type 880), Associated with Edible Snails Commercially Available in Awka, Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Arthur C. , Cabal Rosel Adriana , Ogbo Frank C. , Stöger Anna , Allerberger Franz , Ruppitsch Werner
Published: September 2022

We describe the draft genome sequence and annotation of
Citrobacter cronae
strain Awk (sequence type 880), recovered from fresh edible snails (
Achatina achatina
) commercially available in Awka Metropolis, Nigeria. The genome contains 4,629 protein-coding genes, 107 RNA-coding genes, and several antimicrobial resistance genes, including
bla
CMY-98
and
qnrB12
.
The Selection of Antibiotic- and Bacteriophage-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Is Prevented by Their Combination
Authors: Ferran Aude A. , Lacroix Marlène Z. , Gourbeyre Ophélie , Huesca Alicia , Gaborieau Baptiste , Debarbieux Laurent , Bousquet-Mélou Alain
Published: September 2022

In the treatment of bacterial infections, the use of antibiotics or bacteriophages (phages) is limited by the ability of bacteria to develop resistance. The resistance frequency depends on the exposure to antibacterials.
Supplemental Material: Calcitic shells in the aragonite sea of the earliest Cambrian
Authors: Li Luoyang , al. et
Published: September 2022

Geological settings and methods 
Global Missile Proliferation: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Bogdanov K. V. , Stefanovich D. V.
Published: September 2022

Developments in missile proliferation are analyzed, including the main drivers, trends, and actors. The increasing complexity of the global missile proliferation landscape is shown. They key areas of technological development are identified, as well as several types of missile proliferators, to substantiate the importance of missile proliferation in the context of international security. Existing and prospective mechanisms are discussed with respect to arms control, nonproliferation, and multilateral risk reduction measures. It is stressed that the existing mechanisms are aimed primarily at reducing the risks associated with creating delivery vehicles for weapons of mass destruction whereas the greatest importance is now attached to the potential use of conventionally armed missiles. It is proposed to concentrate efforts on “soft arms control” in order to lay a foundation for a gradual increase in controllability in the absence of real prospects for verifiable and intrusive multilateral measures.
Explaining Russia: The View from the Failed Future
Authors: Obichkina E. O.
Published: September 2022

Foreign publications by Russian historians specializing in country studies are a special genre of scientific research. They are designed to address pressing issues related to Russia that are in the focus of attention of foreign audiences. The complex of French publications by one of the best Russian specialists in French history and diplomat Yu.I. Rubinskii, written mostly from 1997 through the 2000s, is dedicated to the European future of Russia. The author employs a wide array of historical−political analysis methods to overcome prejudice and the stereotypical understanding of Russian foreign policy interests. He believes that the crisis in the trilateral relationship between Russia, Ukraine, and the West is rooted in clashing political and energy interests. The collapse of the Soviet Union is positioned as part of the global dissolution of colonial empires. Possible cooperation of Russia and the United States in Central Asia is considered in the logic of a “great game.” Rubinskii’s ideas are based on his understanding of the European perspective, which is rather close to the views of French scholars. Their core is the coexistence of the European Union (as opposed to the North Atlantic Alliance) and Russia in accordance with the pragmatic harmonization of economic and energy interests and the common security space.
Strongyloides stercoralishyperinfection syndrome with cerebral involvement
Authors: Pedersen Andreas Arnholdt , Hartmeyer Gitte Nyvang , Stensvold Christen Rune , Martin-Iguacel Raquel
Published: September 2022

Strongyloidiasis is a disease caused by the intestinal helminthStrongyloides stercoralis. When the immune system of infected individuals is compromised, larvae may migrate from the gastrointestinal tract to other tissues, causingS. stercoralishyperinfection syndrome, which has a reported mortality of 71%. In this case, we report a patient withS. stercoralishyperinfection syndrome with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. An elderly South East Asian male tourist presented with pulmonary symptoms, fever and infiltrates on chest X-ray. He later developed symptoms of CNS infection.S. stercoralislarvae were found in a stool sample. Microbiological examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealedS. stercoralis-specific DNA. The patient was treated with oral and rectal ivermectin and albendazole. The condition was complicated by sepsis, bacteraemia and hypereosinophilia. Unfortunately, the patient eventually died from pulmonary oedema and insufficiency. This case highlights the global importance ofStrongyloidesCNS infection in endemic and non-endemic regions.
Video analysis of Achilles tendon rupture in male professional football (soccer) players: injury mechanisms, patterns and biomechanics
Authors: Della Villa Francesco , Buckthorpe Matthew , Tosarelli Fillippo , Zago Matteo , Zaffagnini Stefano , Grassi Alberto
Published: September 2022

Background

Achilles tendon rupture (ATR), while rare in football, is a severe career-threatening injury associated with long-layoff times. To date, no study has documented ATR’s mechanism in professional football players.

Aim

To describe the mechanisms, situational patterns and gross biomechanics (kinematics) of ATR injuries in professional male football players.

Methods

Eighty-six (n=86) consecutive ATR injuries in professional football players during official matches were identified. Sixty (70%) injury videos were identified for mechanism and situational pattern, with biomechanical analysis feasible in 42 cases. Three independent reviewers evaluated the injury videos. Distribution of ATR during the season, the match play and on the field were also reported.

Results

Fifty (n=50, 83%) injuries were classified as non-contact and 10 (17%) as indirect contact. ATRs are injuries occurring during accelerations; three main situational patterns were identified: (1) forward acceleration from standing (n=25, 42%); (2) cross-over cutting (n=15, 25%) and (3) vertical jumping (n=11, 18%). Biomechanically, ATR injuries were consistent with a multiplanar loading at the injury frame consisting of a slightly flexed trunk (15.5°), extended hip (−19.5°), early flexed knee (22.5°) and end-range dorsiflexed (40°) ankle in the sagittal plane and foot pronation; 27 (45%) ATRs occurred in the first 30 min of effective match time.

Conclusions

All ATRs in professional football were either non-contact (83%) or indirect contact (17%) injuries. The most common situational patterns were forward acceleration from standing, cross-over cutting and vertical jumping. Biomechanics was consistent and probably triggered by a multiplanar, although predominantly sagittal, loading of the injured Achilles tendon.
Analysis of the characteristics of blood lipid metabolism in twin pregnancy
Authors: Lou Yanqin , He Pei , Jiang Huijun , Xiang Li , Gao Xuemei
Published: September 2022

To investigate the characteristics of blood lipid metabolism in twin pregnancy combined with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). This study retrospectively analyzed 96 cases of twin pregnancy and 232 cases of full-term singleton pregnancy. General data and blood lipid levels, including triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), between twin and singleton pregnancies were compared. Blood lipid levels between GDM (PIH) and non-GDM (non-PIH) groups in twin pregnancy were compared. The TG level for twin pregnancy was higher than that for singleton pregnancy (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the TC level between them (p>0.05). The TG level in the GDM group was higher than that in the non-GDM group (p<0.05), while the TC level in the GDM group was not different from that in the non-GDM group (p>0.05). The TG level in the PIH group was higher than that in the non-PIH group (p<0.05), while there was no difference in the TC level between them (p>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for GDM and PIH in singleton and twin pregnancies. The lipid levels in twin pregnancy increased with the increase of gestational age, and the TG level in twin pregnancy complicated with GDM or PIH was higher than that in twin pregnancy without GDM or PIH, indicating that the blood lipid metabolism was related to the occurrence of GDM and PIH in twin pregnancy to some extent.
Shorter versus longer corticosteroid duration and recurrent immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated AKI
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Garcia-Carro Clara , Prosek Jason M , Glezerman Ilya , Herrmann Sandra M , Garcia Pablo , Abudayyeh Ala , Lumlertgul Nuttha , Malik A Bilal , Loew Sebastian , Beckerman Pazit , Renaghan Amanda D , Carlos Christopher A , Rashidi Arash , Mithani Zain , Deshpande Priya , Rangarajan Sunil , Shah Chintan V , Seigneux Sophie De , Campedel Luca , Kitchlu Abhijat , Shin Daniel Sanghoon , Coppock Gaia , Ortiz-Melo David I , Sprangers Ben , Aggarwal Vikram , Benesova Karolina , Wanchoo Rimda , Murakami Naoka , Cortazar Frank B , Reynolds Kerry L , Sise Meghan E , Soler Maria Jose , Leaf David E
Published: September 2022

Background

Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury (ICPi-AKI), but the optimal duration of therapy has not been established. Prolonged use of corticosteroids can cause numerous adverse effects and may decrease progression-free survival among patients treated with ICPis. We sought to determine whether a shorter duration of corticosteroids was equally efficacious and safe as compared with a longer duration.

Methods

We used data from an international multicenter cohort study of patients diagnosed with ICPi-AKI from 29 centers across nine countries. We examined whether a shorter duration of corticosteroids (28 days or less) was associated with a higher rate of recurrent ICPi-AKI or death within 30 days following completion of corticosteroid treatment as compared with a longer duration (29–84 days).

Results

Of 165 patients treated with corticosteroids, 56 (34%) received a shorter duration of treatment and 109 (66%) received a longer duration. Patients in the shorter versus longer duration groups were similar with respect to baseline and ICPi-AKI characteristics. Five of 56 patients (8.9%) in the shorter duration group and 12 of 109 (11%) in the longer duration group developed recurrent ICPi-AKI or died (p=0.90). Nadir serum creatinine in the first 14, 28, and 90 days following completion of corticosteroid treatment was similar between groups (p=0.40, p=0.56, and p=0.89, respectively).

Conclusion

A shorter duration of corticosteroids (28 days or less) may be safe for patients with ICPi-AKI. However, the findings may be susceptible to unmeasured confounding and further research from randomized clinical trials is needed.
On electro-osmosis in peristaltic blood flow of magnetohydrodynamics carreau material with slip and variable material characteristics
Authors: Vaidya Hanumesh , Choudhari Rajashekhar , Baleanu Dumitru , Prasad K. V. , Shivaleela  , Khan M. Ijaz , Guedri Kamel , Jameel Mohammed , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: September 2022

The study of electro-osmosis, peristalsis and heat transfer with numerous slips, such as velocity slip, thermal slip and concentration slip, may be used to construct biomimetic thermal pumping systems at the microscale of interest in physiological transport phenomena. A mathematical model has been developed to investigate magnetohydro-dynamics non-Newtonian (Carreau fluid) flow induced by the forces to produce a pressure gradient. The walls of the microchannels erode as they expand. The Poisson and Nernst–Planck equations are used to model electro-osmotic processes. This procedure results in Boltzmann circulation of the electric potential across the electric double layer. The governing equations are simplified by approximations such as a low Reynolds number and a long wavelength. The ND Solver in Mathematica simulates and compares simplified coupled nonlinear governing equations. We investigate novel physical parameters affecting flow, heat transfer and pumping. Additionally, a fundamental peristaltic pumping phenomenon known as trapping is graphically provided and briefly discussed. The model’s findings show that the velocity increases as the electric field intensifies, implying that electro-osmosis may improve peristaltic flow.
When Shimizu–Morioka model meets Jacobi stability analysis: Detecting chaos
Authors: Zhang Xin
Published: September 2022

This paper is concerned with the Jacobi stability of the Shimizu–Morioka model by using the KCC-theory. First, by associating the nonlinear connection and Berwald connection, five geometrical invariants of the dynamical model are obtained. Furthermore, the Jacobi stability of the Shimizu–Morioka model at equilibrium is studied in terms of the eigenvalues of the deviation curvature tensor. It shows that the three equilibria are always Jacobi unstable. Finally, the dynamical behavior of the components of the deviation vector is discussed, which geometrically characterizes the chaotic behavior of studied model near the origin. It proved the onset of chaos in the Shimizu–Morioka model.
Survey of Authorship Identification Tasks on Arabic Texts
Authors: Alqahtani Fatimah , Dohler Mischa
Published: September 2022

Authorship identification is the process of extracting and analysing the writing styles of authors to identify the authorship. From the writing style, the author and his/her different characteristics can be recognised, which is very useful in digital forensics and cyber investigations. In the literature, authorship identification tasks were addressed on both long and short documents and performed on different languages, such as English, Arabic, Chinese, and Greek. This survey has reviewed the authorship identification tasks for the Arabic language to contribute to this area of research by exploring Arabic language performance and challenges. A total of 27 prominent Arabic studies of each authorship identification domain were reviewed considering the used data, selected features, utilised methods, and results. After a review of the various studies, it was concluded that the results of authorship identification tasks vary based on mostly the selected features and used dataset. Furthermore, the effective features differ from one dataset to another based on the various types of the Arabic language. However, all authorship identification tasks involving the Arabic language face considerable challenges with data pre-processing due to the challenging Arabic concatenative morphology.
MIRROR: Mining Implicit Relationships via Structure-Enhanced Graph Convolutional Networks
Authors: Liu Jiaying , Xia Feng , Ren Jing , Xu Bo , Pang Guansong , Chi Lianhua
Published: September 2022

Data explosion in the information society drives people to develop more effective ways to extract meaningful information. Extracting semantic information and relational information has emerged as a key mining primitive in a wide variety of practical applications. Existing research on relation mining has primarily focused on explicit connections and ignored underlying information, e.g., the latent entity relations. Exploring such information (defined as implicit relationships in this article) provides an opportunity to reveal connotative knowledge and potential rules. In this article, we propose a novel research topic, i.e., how to identify implicit relationships across heterogeneous networks. Specially, we first give a clear and generic definition of implicit relationships. Then, we formalize the problem and propose an efficient solution, namely MIRROR, a graph convolutional network (GCN) model to infer implicit ties under explicit connections. MIRROR captures rich information in learning node-level representations by incorporating attributes from heterogeneous neighbors. Furthermore, MIRROR is tolerant of missing node attribute information because it is able to utilize network structure. We empirically evaluate MIRROR on four different genres of networks, achieving state-of-the-art performance for target relations mining. The underlying information revealed by MIRROR contributes to enriching existing knowledge and leading to novel domain insights.
Learning Explicit and Implicit Dual Common Subspaces for Audio-visual Cross-modal Retrieval
Authors: Zeng Donghuo , Wu Jianming , Hattori Gen , Xu Rong , Yu Yi
Published: September 2022

Audio-visual tracks in video contain rich semantic information with potential in many applications and research. Since the audio-visual data have inconsistent distributions and because of the heterogeneous nature of representations, the heterogeneous gap between modalities makes them impossible to compare directly. To bridge the modality gap, a frequently adopted approach is to simultaneously project audio-visual data into a common subspace to capture the commonalities and characteristics of modalities for measurement, which has been extensively studied in relation to the issues of modality-common and modality-specific feature learning in previous research. However, it is difficult for existing methods to address the tradeoff between both issues; e.g., the modality-common feature is learned from the latent commonalities of audio-visual data or the correlated features as aligned projections, in which the modality-specific feature can be lost. To solve the tradeoff, we propose a novel end-to-end architecture, which synchronously projects audio-visual data into the explicit and the implicit dual common subspaces. The explicit subspace is used to learn modality-common features and reduce the modality gap of explicitly paired audio-visual data, where the representation-specific details are abandoned to retain the common underlying structure of audio-visual data. The implicit subspace is used to learn modality-specific features, where each modality privately pulls apart the feature distances between different categories to maintain the category-based distinctions, by minimizing the distance between audio-visual features and corresponding labels. The comprehensive experimental results on two audio-visual datasets, VEGAS and AVE, demonstrate that our proposed model for using two different common subspaces for audio-visual cross-modal learning is effective and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art cross-modal models that learn features from a single common subspace by 4.30% and 2.30% in terms of average MAP on the VEGAS and AVE datasets, respectively.
Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticle (AuNP)-Film as a Nanoplatform for a Label-Free Electrochemical Strongyloidiasis Immunosensor
Authors: Kamal Najahtul Najihah Ahmad , Anuar Nor Suhada , Noordin Rahmah , Rahumatullah Anizah , Hamzah Hairul Hisham
Published: September 2022

Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal helminth infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. Early detection of this infection in immunocompromised patients is crucial to avoid severe complications and fatality. Herein, we present the potential application of electrodeposited AuNP-film in developing a label-free electrochemical immunosensor for strongyloidiasis using our synthesized monoclonal antibody. Layer-upon-layer attachment of Strongyloides monoclonal recombinant antibody protein (rMAb23) onto AuNP-film was constructed, utilizing a thiol linker via a self-assembly monolayer (SAM) technique. The modified electrode was utilized to detect S. stercoralis recombinant NIE (rNIE) protein. Each successful modification step was tested in a 10 mM [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox couple solution utilizing cyclic voltammetric (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) techniques. The developed immunosensor required 20 min of incubation with an rNIE solution. Specificity study showed no cross-reaction with three other helminth recombinant proteins. Utilizing EIS measurements on a concentration series of rNIE protein in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), ranging from 1 μg mL−1 to 10 μg mL−1, we obtained a detection limit (LOD) of 0.182 μg mL−1. The electrochemical immunosensor was also successfully used to analyze serum samples of individuals with strongyloidiasis and healthy people. The results indicated that the immunosensor might offer an excellent diagnostic capability and a rapid and sensitive antigen detection of strongyloidiasis.
Interplay between personality traits and learning strategies: the missing link
Authors: Albar Read A. , Mohamed Ayman M. A. , Albarazi Mohieddin A. B. , McAleer Sean , Shaibah Hassan S.
Published: September 2022

This study aspires to build a foundation for individualized coaching and mentorship in medical education through utilizing personality traits to empower academic success. We demonstrate that all personality domains influence students’ selection of at least one learning strategy, especially Conscientiousness and Neuroticism.
Diabetes causes NLRP3-dependent barrier dysfunction in mice with detrusor overactivity but not underactivity
Authors: Odom Michael R. , Hughes Francis M. , Jin Huixia , Purves J. Todd
Published: September 2022

This is the first study to demonstrate that NLRP3-mediated inflammation is responsible for urothelial barrier damage in type 1 diabetic female Akita mice with an overactive bladder. Eliminating the NLRP3 gene in these diabetic mice prevented barrier damage as a result of diabetes. By the time female Akita mice develop an underactive phenotype, the urothelial barrier has been restored, suggesting that inflammation is a critical causative factor early in the development of diabetic bladder dysfunction.