bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fact-checking: uma prática recente em Portugal? Análise da perceção da audiência
Authors: Baptista João Pedro , Gradim Anabela , Loureiro Marlene , Ribeiro Fábio
Published: January 2023

O fact-checking é uma prática jornalística muito recente em Portugal. Nenhum estudo até agora procurou entender a atitude do público em relação a este novo fenómeno. Metodologia: este estudo exploratório, com base em um questionário online (N = 618), teve como objetivo investigar a atitude e a perceção dos portugueses em relação ao fact-checking, analisando o efeito das práticas de consumo de informação, os aspetos sociodemográficos e a orientação política dos indivíduos. Os nossos resultados mostram que a maioria é favorável ao fact-checking e está familiarizada com a prática. No entanto, os níveis de familiaridade são reduzidos e estão abaixo do esperado, uma vez que 40 % dos entrevistados não conhecem este género jornalístico. Além disso, encontramos um ceticismo significativo, por parte dos participantes, em relação à ética dos fact-checkers. Corroborando com outros estudos, os jovens e os mais instruídos são mais favoráveis e mais familiarizados com o fact-checking. Ao contrário de outros estudos, os nossos resultados não mostram qualquer efeito da orientação política e ideológica sobre os níveis de aceitação e familiaridade. Este estudo levanta vários desafios relevantes, demonstrando que as pessoas podem não estar tão familiarizadas com o fact-checking como seria de esperar e que existe uma grande desconfiança no rigor e imparcialidade dos fact-checkers, o que pode ser um obst áculo à correção da desinformação.
Microfoundations of Adaptive Search in Complex Tasks: The Role of Cognitive Abilities and Styles
Authors: Bergenholtz Carsten , Vuculescu Oana , Amidi Ali
Published: January 2023

Problem-solving in complex environments requires a cognitively demanding search for task solutions. Managing this search process presents a major challenge in organizations. We contribute to the literature on this topic by providing new evidence on the cognitive antecedents that shape how individuals search when engaged in complex problem-solving tasks. We present results from three laboratory studies, wherein 335 individuals solved a complex task. In doing so, they generated behavioral data coupled with survey-based measurements of the individuals’ cognitive styles and performance-based tests of their cognitive abilities. Our data analysis contributes to the current literature by documenting systematic heterogeneity in the persistence and distance of search that can be explained by the participants’ level of creativity, attention to detail, and executive functions. We extend the research on the microfoundations of adaptive search by linking cognitive antecedents with a complex search task, widening our insight into what search behavior certain cognitive microfoundations lead to, and showing how managers can more effectively shape organizational search.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1654 .
INTERVENÇÕES OBSTÉTRICAS NO PARTO VAGINAL EM MATERNIDADE PÚBLICA DE SÃO LUÍS - MARANHÃO
Authors: Costa Ribeiro Larissa , Costa Pereira Sanailson , Neves Souza Thaynara , Brasil Silva Vanessa , Gomes Bogea Eduarda
Published: January 2023

Introdução: O parto vaginal é um parto fisiológico e espontâneo. Porém, atualmente a assistência ao parto normal, vem sendo utilizado rotineiramente métodos invasivos, que aceleram esse processo natural da mulher. Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização de intervenções no parto com seus fatores relacionados. Materiais e métodos: É um estudo transversal e quantitativo realizado com parturientes de uma maternidade pública de São Luís. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da entrevista e avaliação dos prontuários. O questionário foi estruturado em blocos referente às características sociodemográficas, obstétricas e do parto. As análises estatísticas foram pelo programa STATA®, utilizado o teste de Chi-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Segundo dados do prontuário 14,75% das puérperas foi realizado amniotomia e 37,70% ocitocina. Houve uma diferença significativa entre puérperas analfabeta/ fundamental incompleta e a amniotomia; as primíparas foram mais submetidas a episiotomia; a ocitocina foi maior em puérperas sem companheiro. As perguntas sobre analgesia e condições do períneo estavam maior parte sem registro no prontuário, 74,86% e 77,60%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Portanto, deve ser realizado uma revisão criteriosa da equipe multiprofissional, principalmente médica, sobre as intervenções julgadas necessárias no parto e uma preocupação com o preenchimento completo desses prontuários, para evitar subnotificações dessas intervenções realizadas.
Palavras-chave: Parto normal. Episiotomia. Ocitocina. Amniotomia.
PROCESSO DE TRABALHO DOS AGENTES COMUNITÁRIOS DE SAÚDE EM TERRITÓRIOS DE VULNERABILIDADE
Authors: Vanda Nayara Costa da Silveira  , Rayane Moreira de Alencar  , Jameson Moreira Belém  , Camila de Araújo Carrilho  , Evanira Rodrigues Maia
Published: January 2023

Introdução: Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde atuam promovendo a interlocução entre as necessidades de saúde da comunidade e a Estratégia Saúde da Família. Neste contexto, o processo de trabalho destes profissionais encontra-se diretamente relacionado às dimensões do território e suas vulnerabilidades. Objetivo: compreender o processo de trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde em territórios de vulnerabilidade adscritos à Estratégia Saúde da Família. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, subsidiado pelo referencial teórico das vulnerabilidades em saúde, realizado com 11 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, que atuavam em área vulnerável localizada no sertão central cearense, na Região Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista semiestruturada, contendo sobre o processo de trabalho. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias temáticas representativas das dimensões de vulnerabilidade em saúde, que abordam os principais tópicos discutidos pelos participantes: (1) “Somos o elo entre as pessoas e o posto de saúde”: a relação do Agente Comunitário de Saúde com a comunidade; (2) “Você se expõe”: o Agente Comunitário de Saúde e suas condições de trabalho; 3) “Cego, surdo e mudo”: o Agente Comunitário de Saúde frente à violência e ao tráfico de drogas na comunidade. Conclusão: O processo de trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde em territórios de vulnerabilidade mostrou-se afetado nas dimensões individual, social e programática.
Integrating identity in policy design theory
Authors: Bell Elizabeth , Lui Edith
Published: January 2023

Extant literature highlights how socially constructed target populations shape the distribution of benefits and burdens, focusing on political elites. In this article, we examined how linked fate, intersectionality and identity complexity shape the impacts of socially constructed target populations on public support for affirmative action in the US. In our nationally representative survey experiment, we randomly assigned respondents to evaluate either a socioeconomic or race-based affirmative action policy and tested the influence of linked fate and partisanship on policy support. First, we found support for our linked fate hypothesis – low-income and non-White respondents were more likely to support socioeconomic or race-based affirmative action, respectively. We also found that the intersectionality of identities – sex, income and race – predicted support for race-based and socioeconomic-based affirmative action. Second, we found that partisanship moderated the effect of linked fate. When interacted with Republican Party identification, the effect of linked fate on support for affirmative action among low-income and racially minoritised respondents disappeared. These findings demonstrate the importance of integrating social identity theory and intersectionality in policy design theory. In this way the article makes a clear contribution to the scholarship on policy design studies.
Advocacy strategies of industry and environmental interest groups in oil and gas policy debates
Authors: Kagan Jennifer A. , Olofsson Kristin L.
Published: January 2023

This article analyses the preferred advocacy strategies of industry representatives and environmentalists in the conflict over oil and gas drilling in the state of Colorado. Environmental policy, social movement and nonprofit literatures describe the advocacy strategies of those seeking to influence policy. While early work assumed that actors with greater resources rely on inside tactics and those with fewer resources rely on outside tactics, more recent studies suggest that policy actors use an array of tactics. To build on recent research and improve our understanding of strategic decisions, this study examines the role that venues play in policy actors’ perceptions of the effectiveness of their advocacy tactics. Specifically, this research compares self-reported strategy effectiveness among members of the oil and gas industry with representatives of environmental groups, and asks whether effectiveness is moderated by perceptions of venue viability. Data derive from two waves of surveys of oil and gas policy actors in Colorado. Results hold implications for stakeholder engagement and suggest that venue perception is relevant to strategy effectiveness, but only within regulatory venues. In this way, the article makes a clear contribution to the interest group literature as well as the environmental policy subsystem literature.
The practice of ideas in gender equality policy: comparative lessons from the field
Authors: Bustelo María , Mazur Amy G.
Published: January 2023

This thematic section seeks to contribute to emerging research on gender and policy that combines post-adoption and ideational approaches to address how and why ideas matter in gender equality policy implementation. In this article, the two research streams are first discussed. Next, the potential ingredients for gender transformation from current research are presented and then examined in the cases of post-adoption in Spain, the UK, the Netherlands, France and the Council of Europe in the four contributions to the thematic section. The concluding comparative assessment confirms what research has already found: the interplay between actors, ideas and institutions is crucial. Who comes forward and the ideas and political meanings those actors advance are what ultimately matter, dictated in certain policy sectors by the institutional micro-foundations of that domain. The article ends with the lessons learned from, and next steps that come out of, this thematic section.
Efficient high-power orthogonal dual-slab Yb:KGd(WO4)2 laser oscillator with a TEM00 mode
Authors: Tu ZhiHua , Guo Jie , Gao YongXi , Gao ZiChen , Liang XiaoYan
Published: January 2023

We demonstrated a TEM00 mode orthogonal dual-slab Yb:KG(WO4)2(Yb:KGW) laser oscillator with high average power. Polarization anisotropy of thermal lenses was investigated and alleviating the astigmatism based on orthogonal dual-slab. In addition, the laser polarization was directly controlled by adjusting the net gain of the two crystals. The maximum output power was highly enhanced compared with single crystal due to effective thermal distribution. For an absorbed pump power of 52.4 W, this oscillator delivered an average power of 26.5 W, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 50.6%. Meanwhile, the ellipticity of the output laser was optimized to 0.940. Nearly diffraction-limited beam quality was measured to be

M
x
2

 = 1.19 and

M
y
2

=1.18.
Study of resonant mode coupling in the transverse-mode-conversion based resonator with an anti-symmetric nanobeam Bragg reflector
Authors: Zhao Yong , Shi Yuechun , Liu Guilin , Dai Pan , Hao Lijun , Ma Yuxin , Liu Shengping , Chen Xiangfei
Published: January 2023

The traveling-wave like Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonators based on transverse-mode-conversion have been extensively studied as on-chip filters. However, the incomplete transverse mode conversion will lead to the coupling between two degenerated resonant modes, which brings additional loss and may further induce the resonance splitting. In this paper, we take the transverse-mode-conversion based resonator with anti-symmetric nanobeam Bragg reflector as an example and study the resonant mode coupling in both the direct-coupled and side-coupled resonators. The coupled mode equations are used to model the incomplete transverse mode conversion of Bragg reflector. The resonant mode coupling can be effectively suppressed by carefully designing the phase shifter length and adding the tapered holes. The insertion loss of less than −1 dB can be achieved in the simulation using the two methods. This work is believed to benefit the design of mode-conversion based resonators with low insertion loss and non-splitting line shape.
Distributed optical fiber sensing in coherent Φ-OTDR with a broadband chirped-pulse conversion algorithm
Authors: Cao Kai , Xu Tuanwei , Ma Lilong , Jiang Yinghao , Xie Yaning , Deng Dimin , Li Fang
Published: January 2023

We propose a broadband chirped-pulse conversion algorithm (BCPCA) to convert a finite-step scanning probe pulse into an equivalent broadband chirped probe pulse by convolving a chirp factor on the received signal in coherent phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR). Combined with Rayleigh interference pattern (RIP) demodulation in chirped-pulse Φ-OTDR (CP-ΦOTDR), environmental perturbations, such as strain and temperature along the sensing fiber, can be quantitatively measured. The equivalent broadband chirped pulse is generated by digital processing, and its bandwidth can be increased by changing the composition of the scanning pulse. Thus, the measurable perturbation range of the system can be expanded. As a proof-of-concept experiment, a high-performance distributed strain measurement was realized on a 10 km fiber, the frequency response was 5 kHz, which is only limited by the fiber length, and the strain resolution was 8.04

p
ε

/

H
z

. The proposed method of generating equivalent broadband chirped pulse through the digital domain can be used as a supplement to CP-ΦOTDR.
Influence of defects on the femtosecond laser damage resistance of multilayer dielectric gratings
Authors: Zhang Simin , Su Ziyao , Menoni Carmen S. , Chowdhury Enam A.
Published: January 2023

Multilayer dielectric (MLD) gratings with high diffraction efficiency and a high laser-induced damage (LID) threshold for pulse compressors are key to scaling the peak and average power of chirped pulse amplification lasers. However, surface defects introduced by manufacturing, storage, and handling processes can reduce the LID resistance of MLD gratings and impact the laser output. The underlying mechanisms of such defect-initiated LID remain unclear, especially in the femtosecond regime. In this Letter, we model dynamic processes in interactions of a 20-fs near-infrared (NIR) laser pulse and a MLD grating design in the presence of cylindrically symmetrical nodules and particle contaminants and cracks at the surface. Utilizing a dynamic model based on a 2D finite difference in time domain (FDTD) field solver coupled with photoionization, electron collision, and refractive index modification, we study the simulation results for the damage site distribution initiated by defects of various types and sizes and its impact on the LID threshold of the grating design.
Ultrastrong coupling in Super Yellow polymer microcavity and development of highly efficient polariton light-emitting diodes and light-emitting transistors
Authors: Chang Jui-Fen , ZHENG YU-CHEN , CHIANG CHI-YU , HUANG CHEN-KANG , Jaing Cheng-Chung
Published: January 2023

We present detailed studies on exciton-photon coupling and polariton emission based on a poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene) copolymer, Super Yellow (SY), in a series of optical microcavities and optoelectronic devices, including light-emitting diode (LED) and light-emitting transistor (LET). We show that sufficiently thick SY microcavities can generate ultrastrong coupling with Rabi splitting energies exceeding 1 eV and exhibit spectrally narrow, nearly angle-independent photoluminescence following lower polariton (LP) mode dispersion. When the microcavity is designed with matched LP low-energy state and exciton emission peak for radiative pumping, the conversion efficiency from exciton to polariton emission can reach up to 80%. By introducing appropriate injection layers in a SY microcavity and optimizing the cavity design, we further demonstrate a high-performance ultrastrongly coupled SY LED with weakly dispersive electroluminescence along LP mode and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.8%. Finally, we realize an ultrastrongly coupled LET based on vertical integration of a high-mobility ZnO transistor and a SY LED in a microcavity, which enables a large switching ratio, uniform emission in the ZnO pattern, and LP mode emission with a maximum EQE of 2.4%. This vertical LET addresses the difficulties of achieving high emission performance and precisely defining the emission area in typical planar LETs, and opens up the possibility of applying various strongly coupled emitters for advanced polariton devices and high-resolution applications.
NANOPATTERNING OF THE DIELECTRIC SURFACE BY A PAIR OF FEMTOSECOND LASER PULSES OF DIFFERENT COLOR THROUGH A MONOLAYER OF MICROSPHERES
Authors: Afanasiev Andrey , Ilyakov Igor , Shishkin Boris , Bityurin Nikita
Published: January 2023

The paper considers the nanostructuring of the surface of dielectrics under the effect of two successive femtosecond laser pulses, one of the fundamental frequency and the other of the second harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser, through a layer of polystyrene microspheres 1 μm in diameter, which act as microlenses. Polymers with strong (PMMA) and weak (TOPAS) absorption at the frequency of the third harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser were used as targets. Laser irradiation led to the removal of microspheres and the formation of ablation craters with characteristic dimensions of about 100 nm. Depending on the variable delay time between pulses, the resulting structures differed in their geometric parameters and shape. Based on statistical processing of the depths of the obtained craters, the optimal delay times for the most effective structuring of the surfaces of these polymers were found.
Modelling second harmonic generation at mid-infrared frequencies in waveguide integrated Ge/SiGe quantum wells
Authors: Virgilio Michele , Chesi Giovanni , falcone virginia , Calcaterra Stefano , Frigerio Jacopo
Published: January 2023

A promising alternative to bulk materials for the nonlinear coupling of optical fields is provided by photonic integrated circuits based on heterostructures made of asymmetric-coupled quantum wells. These devices achieve a huge nonlinear susceptivity but are affected by strong absorption. Here, driven by the technological relevance of the SiGe material system, we focus on Second-Harmonic Generation in the mid-infrared spectral region, realized by means of Ge-rich waveguides hosting p-type Ge/SiGe asymmetric coupled quantum wells. We present a theoretical investigation of the generation efficiency in terms of phase mismatch effects and trade-off between nonlinear coupling and absorption. To maximize the SHG efficiency at feasible propagation distances, we also individuate the optimal density of quantum wells. Our results indicate that conversion efficiencies of ≈ 0.6%/W can be achieved in WGs featuring lengths of few hundreds µm only.
When months matter; modelling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnostic pathway of Motor Neurone Disease (MND)
Authors: Burchill Ella , Rawji Vishal , Styles Katy , Rooney Siobhan , Stone Patrick , Astin Ronan , Sharma Nikhil
Published: January 2023

Background

A diagnosis of MND takes an average 10–16 months from symptom onset. Early diagnosis is important to access supportive measures to maximise quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant delays in NHS pathways; the majority of GP appointments now occur online with subsequent delays in secondary care assessment. Given the rapid progression of MND, patients may be disproportionately affected resulting in late stage new presentations. We used Monte Carlo simulation to model the pre-COVID-19 diagnostic pathway and then introduced plausible COVID-19 delays.

Methods

The diagnostic pathway was modelled using gamma distributions of time taken: 1) from symptom onset to GP presentation, 2) for specialist referral, and 3) for diagnosis reached after neurology appointment. We incorporated branches to simulate delays: when patients did not attend their GP and when the GP consultation did not result in referral. An emergency presentation was triggered when diagnostic pathway time was within 30 days of projected median survival. Total time-to-diagnosis was calculated over 100,000 iterations. The pre-COVID-19 model was estimated using published data and the Improving MND Care Survey 2019. We estimated COVID-19 delays using published statistics.

Results

The pre-COVID model reproduced known features of the MND diagnostic pathway, with a median time to diagnosis of 399 days and predicting 5.2% of MND patients present as undiagnosed emergencies. COVID-19 resulted in diagnostic delays from 558 days when only primary care was 25% delayed, to 915 days when both primary and secondary care were 75%. The model predicted an increase in emergency presentations ranging from 15.4%-44.5%.

Interpretations

The model suggests the COVID-19 pandemic will result in later-stage diagnoses and more emergency presentations of undiagnosed MND. Late-stage presentations may require rapid escalation to multidisciplinary care. Proactive recognition of acute and late-stage disease with altered service provision will optimise care for people with MND.
Pet ownership-related differences in medical and long-term care costs among community-dwelling older Japanese
Authors: Taniguchi Yu , Yokoyama Yuri , Ikeuchi Tomoko , Mitsutake Seigo , Murayama Hiroshi , Abe Takumi , Seino Satoshi , Amano Hidenori , Nishi Mariko , Hagiwara Yasuhiro , Shinkai Shoji , Kitamura Akihiko , Fujiwara Yoshinori
Published: January 2023

This study examined the differences in medical and long-term care costs over 18 months between pet owners and non-owners among community-dwelling older Japanese. Pet ownership data were collected from 460 community-dwelling adults age 65 years and older. These data were matched with data from the National Health Insurance, health insurance for older people, and Long-Term Care Insurance beneficiaries for 17 months back from the survey on pet ownership. Pet-ownership group-specific trajectories in monthly medical and long-term care costs were modeled by a generalized estimating equation. Among pet owners (n = 96, 20.9%) and non-pet owners (n = 364, 79.1%) there were no significant differences in baseline demographic or health characteristics including chronic disease and self-reported long-term care level. At baseline, pet owners had estimated monthly medical costs of ¥48,054 (SE = 0.11; $418), compared to ¥42,260 (SE = 0.06; $367) for non-pet owners. The monthly medical costs did not differ significantly between the two groups during the 18-month follow-up period. At baseline, estimated monthly long-term care costs of pet owners and non-pet owners were ¥676 (SE = 0.75; $6) and ¥1,420 (SE = 0.52; $12), respectively. During the follow-up period, the non-pet owner to owner ratio of monthly long-term care costs was 1.2 at minimum and 2.3 at maximum. This study showed that monthly long-term care costs for pet owners were approximately half those of non-pet owners. Pet owners might use long-term care services less frequently, or use lighter care services.
The association of self-efficacy and coping strategies with body mass index is mediated by eating behaviors and dietary intake among young females: A structural-equation modeling approach
Authors: Aynehchi Aydin , Saleh-Ghadimi Sevda , Dehghan Parvin
Published: January 2023

Globally, around three billion people are either under- or overweight. Speculating the different roles of psychological factors in body weight between over- and underweight people, it was first hypothesized that whether or not the effects of self-efficacy and coping strategies on body mass index (BMI) is different between these two groups. We secondly predicted that their association is mediated by nutritional factors. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study was conducted to model the impact of self-efficacy and coping strategies on eating behaviors, dietary intake and BMI, using structural equation modeling in two BMI groups: low-to-normal-BMI (LBMI: BMI<21.75 kg/m2) and normal-to-high-BMI (HBMI: 21.75 kg/m2 ≤ BMI). Female participants (N = 250, aged ≥18) were included using convenience sampling method and data of self-efficacy, coping strategies, eating behaviors and dietary intake were collected via questionnaires. The model fit was evaluated and confirmed by fit indices. The analysis revealed in both groups the participants tended to adopt emotion-focused coping strategy (EFCS) more than problem-focused coping strategy (PFCS) (mean score: 61.82 (7.96) vs 49.21 (6.73)). The HBMI group tended to use EFCS more than the LBMI group (P<0.001). In the LBMI group, self-efficacy, PFCS and EFCS had positive effects on BMI. Only the direct effect of self-efficacy (β = 0.314, P<0.001) and the indirect effects of PFCS and EFCS (through increasing unhealthy eating behaviors; β = 0.127, P<0.01, β = 0.095, P<0.05, respectively) were significant. In the HBMI group, self-efficacy had negative effect on BMI (both directly (β = -0.229, P<0.05) and indirectly (β = -0.103, P<0.05) by decreasing unhealthy eating behaviors). PFCS had no effect and EFCS had an indirect, positive effect on BMI (through increasing unhealthy eating behaviors, β = 0.162, P = 0.001). In conclusion, these findings suggest that improving self-efficacy and coping-strategies seems helpful to have a healthy BMI in both BMI groups and further interventions to reduce EFCS should be limited to overweight people.
Early exposure to farm dust in an allergic airway inflammation rabbit model: Does it affect bronchial and cough hyperresponsiveness?
Authors: Divaret-Chauveau Amandine , Foucaud Laurent , Demoulin Bruno , Teston Cédric , Loison Pauline , Le Cann Pierre , Schweitzer Cyril , De Carvalho Bittencourt Marcelo , Mauny Frédéric , Demoulin-Alexikova Silvia
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Over the past 50 years, the prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases has been increasing. The Hygiene hypothesis explains this progression by the decrease in the bio-diversity of early microbial exposure. This study aims to evaluate the effect of early-life farm exposure on airway hyperresponsiveness and cough hypersensitivity in an allergic airway inflammation rabbit model.

Method

A specific environment was applied to pregnant rabbits and their offspring until six weeks after birth. Rabbits were housed in a pathogen-free zone for the control group and a calf barn for the farm group. At the end of the specific environmental exposure, both groups were then housed in a conventional zone and then sensitized to ovalbumin. Ten days after sensitization, the rabbit pups received ovalbumin aerosols to provoke airway inflammation. Sensitization to ovalbumin was assessed by specific IgE assay. Cough sensitivity was assessed by mechanical stimulation of the trachea, and bronchial reactivity was assessed by methacholine challenge. The farm environment was characterized by endotoxin measurement.

Results

A total of 38 rabbit pups were included (18 in the farm group). Endotoxin levels in the farm environment varied from 30 to 1854 EU.m-3. There was no significant difference in specific IgE values to ovalbumin (p = 0.826) between the two groups. The mechanical threshold to elicit a cough did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.492). There was no difference in the number of cough (p = 0.270) or the intensity of ventilatory responses (p = 0.735). After adjusting for age and weight, there was no difference in respiratory resistance before and after methacholine challenge.

Conclusion

Early exposure to the calf barn did not affect cough sensitivity or bronchial reactivity in ovalbumin-sensitized rabbits. These results suggest that not all farm environments protect against asthma and atopy. Continuous exposure to several sources of microbial diversity is probably needed.
Domain generation algorithms detection with feature extraction and Domain Center construction
Authors: Sun Xinjie , Liu Zhifang
Published: January 2023

Network attacks using Command and Control (C&C) servers have increased significantly. To hide their C&C servers, attackers often use Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA), which automatically generate domain names for C&C servers. Researchers have constructed many unique feature sets and detected DGA domains through machine learning or deep learning models. However, due to the limited features contained in the domain name, the DGA detection results are limited. In order to overcome this problem, the domain name features, the Whois features and the N-gram features are extracted for DGA detection. To obtain the N-gram features, the domain name whitelist and blacklist substring feature sets are constructed. In addition, a deep learning model based on BiLSTM, Attention and CNN is constructed. Additionally, the Domain Center is constructed for fast classification of domain names. Multiple comparative experiment results prove that the proposed model not only gets the best Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1, but also greatly reduces the detection time.
Directed differentiation of hPSCs through a simplified lateral plate mesoderm protocol for generation of articular cartilage progenitors
Authors: Smith Christopher A. , Humphreys Paul A. , Naven Mark A. , Woods Steven , Mancini Fabrizio E. , O’Flaherty Julieta , Meng Qing-Jun , Kimber Susan J.
Published: January 2023

Developmentally, the articular joints are derived from lateral plate (LP) mesoderm. However, no study has produced both LP derived prechondrocytes and preosteoblasts from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) through a common progenitor in a chemically defined manner. Differentiation of hPSCs through the authentic route, via an LP-osteochondral progenitor (OCP), may aid understanding of human cartilage development and the generation of effective cell therapies for osteoarthritis. We refined our existing chondrogenic protocol, incorporating knowledge from development and other studies to produce a LP-OCP from which prechondrocyte- and preosteoblast-like cells can be generated. Results show the formation of an OCP, which can be further driven to prechondrocytes and preosteoblasts. Prechondrocytes cultured in pellets produced cartilage like matrix with lacunae and superficial flattened cells expressing lubricin. Additionally, preosteoblasts were able to generate a mineralised structure. This protocol can therefore be used to investigate further cartilage development and in the development of joint cartilage for potential treatments.
Involving men in cervical cancer prevention; a qualitative enquiry into male perspectives on screening and HPV vaccination in Mid-Western Uganda
Authors: de Fouw Marlieke , Stroeken Yaël , Niwagaba Ben , Musheshe Mwalimu , Tusiime John , Sadayo Isingoma , Reis Ria , Peters Alexander Arnold Willem , Beltman Jogchum Jan
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Evidence-based preventive strategies for cervical cancer in low-resource setting have been developed, but implementation is challenged, and uptake remains low. Women and girls experience social and economic barriers to attend screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs. Male support has been proven successful in uptake of other reproductive healthcare services. This qualitative study with focus groups aimed to understand the perspectives of males on cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination in Western-Uganda This knowledge could be integrated into awareness activities to increase the attendance of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs.

Materials and methods

Focus group discussions were conducted with men aged 25 to 60 years, who were married and/or had daughters, in Kagadi district, Mid-Western Uganda. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using an inductive approach.

Results

Eleven focus group discussions were conducted with 67 men. Men were willing to support their wives for screening and their daughters for HPV vaccination. Misperceptions such as family planning and poor personal hygiene leading to cervical cancer, and misperception of the preventative aspect of screening and vaccination were common. Women with cervical cancer suffer from stigmatization and family problems due to loss of fertility, less marital sexual activity, domestic violence and decreased economic productivity.

Conclusions

Ugandan men were willing to support cervical cancer prevention for their wives and daughters after being informed about cervical cancer. Limited knowledge among men about the risk factors and causes of cervical cancer, and about the preventative aspect of HPV vaccination and screening and their respective target groups, can limit uptake of both services. Screening and vaccination programs should actively involve men in creating awareness to increase uptake and acceptance of prevention.
One single drug-coated balloon for all shapes/diameters? Neointimal proliferation inhibition in porcine peripheral arteries
Authors: Bienek Stephanie , Kusmierczuk Maciej , Schnorr Beatrix , Gemeinhardt Ole , Bettink Stephanie , Scheller Bruno
Published: January 2023

Background

Long diseased vessel segments of peripheral arteries may display irregular shapes with different diameters. The aim of this study was to investigate inhibition of neointimal proliferation in porcine peripheral vessels with different diameters covered by one single hyper-compliant drug-coated balloon (HCDCB), compared to conventional drug-coated balloons (DCB), each selected according to the respective vessel diameter.

Methods and results

Neointimal proliferation was stimulated in proximal and distal segments of the peripheral arteries by balloon overstretch and stent implantation. Inhibition of neointimal proliferation by one single HCDCB was compared to two vessel diameter-adjusted DCB per artery and to one single uncoated hyper-compliant balloon (HCB). Sixteen HCB, 16 HCDCB, and 32 DCB were used in 16 arteries each. Quantitative angiography (QA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histology showed a similar anti-restenotic effect for one HCDCB compared to two vessel diameter-adjusted DCB in narrow distal and wider proximal segments (QA diameter stenosis: 18.7±12.3% vs. 22.8±15.5%, p = 0.535; OCT area stenosis: 21.4±11.6% vs. 23.6±12.3%, p = 0.850; histomorphometry diameter stenosis: 27.5±7.1% vs. 26.9±8.0%, p = 0.952) and indicated significant inhibition of neointimal proliferation by HCDCB vs. uncoated HCB (QA diameter stenosis: 18.7±12.3% vs. 30.3±16.7%, p = 0.008; OCT area stenosis: 21.4±11.6% vs. 34.7±16.0%, p = 0.004; histomorphometry diameter stenosis: 27.5±7.1% vs. 32.5±8.5%, p = 0.038).

Conclusions

HCDCB were found to be similar effective as DCB in inhibiting neointimal proliferation in vessel segments with different diameters. One single long HCDCB may allow for treatment of segments with variable diameters, and thus, replace the use of several vessel diameter-adjusted DCB.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection by saliva and nasopharyngeal sampling in frontline healthcare workers: An observational cohort study
Authors: Walker Naomi F. , Byrne Rachel L. , Howard Ashleigh , Nikolaou Elissavet , Farrar Madlen , Glynn Sharon , Cheliotis Katerina S. , Cubas Atienzar Ana I. , Davies Kelly , Reiné Jesús , Rashid-Gardner Zalina , German Esther L. , Solórzano Carla , Blandamer Tess , Hitchins Lisa , Myerscough Christopher , Gessner Bradford D. , Begier Elizabeth , Collins Andrea M. , Beadsworth Mike , Todd Stacy , Hill Helen , Houlihan Catherine F. , Nastouli Eleni , Adams Emily R. , Mitsi Elena , Ferreira Daniela M. ,   on behalf of the SAFER investigators
Published: January 2023

Background

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused an unprecedented strain on healthcare systems worldwide, including the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS). We conducted an observational cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in frontline healthcare workers (HCW) working in an acute NHS Trust during the first wave of the pandemic, to answer emerging questions surrounding SARS-CoV-2 infection, diagnosis, transmission and control.

Methods

Using self-collected weekly saliva and twice weekly combined oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal (OP/NP) samples, in addition to self-assessed symptom profiles and isolation behaviours, we retrospectively compared SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR of saliva and OP/NP samples. We report the association with contemporaneous symptoms and isolation behaviour.

Results

Over a 12-week period from 30th March 2020, 40·0% (n = 34/85, 95% confidence interval 31·3–51·8%) HCW had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by surveillance OP/NP swab and/or saliva sample. Symptoms were reported by 47·1% (n = 40) and self-isolation by 25·9% (n = 22) participants. Only 44.1% (n = 15/34) participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection reported any symptoms within 14 days of a positive result and only 29·4% (n = 10/34) reported self-isolation periods. Overall agreement between paired saliva and OP/NP swabs was 93·4% (n = 211/226 pairs) but rates of positive concordance were low. In paired samples with at least one positive result, 35·0% (n = 7/20) were positive exclusively by OP/NP swab, 40·0% (n = 8/20) exclusively by saliva and in only 25·0% (n = 5/20) were the OP/NP and saliva result both positive.

Conclusions

HCW are a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in hospitals and symptom screening will identify the minority of infections. Without routine asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 screening, it is likely that HCW with SARS-CoV-2 infection would continue to attend work. Saliva, in addition to OP/NP swab testing, facilitated ascertainment of symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Combined saliva and OP/NP swab sampling would improve detection of SARS-CoV-2 for surveillance and is recommended for a high sensitivity strategy.
Psychometric properties of the risk, pain, and injury questionnaire in Chinese collegiate athletes and its relationship with locus of control
Authors: Liu Zelei , Zhao Hongbo , Cai Yuqiong , Sun Long
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to adapt the Risk, Pain, and Injury Questionnaire (RPIQ) to Chinese collegiate athletes and examine its reliability and validity.

Methods

Six hundred thirty collegiate athletes aged 17 to 24 years agreed to complete the RPIQ, the Chinese version of the SIAS and an LOC scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA, n = 300) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, n = 330) were conducted to explore its structure, and convergent and construct validity were investigated by examining the relationships between various factors of the RPIQ, LOC, SIAS and injury risk.

Results

The results of EFA show the Chinese version of the RPIQ contained 12 items and was divided into three factors: tough, pressed and rational choice. CFA confirmed its factorial structure (CMIN/DF = 2.61, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.07). The reliability of the scale was satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75). Significant associations between the RPIQ factors and LOC and SIAS were found, suggesting the construct validity of the scale was acceptable. Additionally, significant gender differences were found in the RPIQ factors and athletes who participated in individual sports scored higher on tough and rational choice factors than those who participated in team sports.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the RPIQ has sufficient psychometric properties and can be used as a reliable and effective tool for measuring attitudes of the risk, pain and injury of collegiate athletes.
The importance of reaction time to the starting signal on race results in elite motorcycle speedway racing
Authors: Markowski Maciej , Szczepan Stefan , Zatoń Marek , Martin Sarah , Michalik Kamil
Published: January 2023

The study aimed to determine whether the reaction time (RT) to the starting signal has an impact on the points scored by elite male motorcycle speedway riders, or whether it depends on the starting position (gate). Differences among junior and senior riders, and how it changes during a single match (15 heats) and in the subsequent phases of the competitive season (the main and knockout phases) were investigated. The database of reaction times to the starting signal obtained by motorcycle speedway riders was collected from a mobile application called PGE Ekstraliga ver. 1.0.66 (PGE Ekstraliga, Warsaw, Poland). The database included 1.261 results obtained by 65 male riders (age 25.9 ±7.6 years), competing in the highest league in Poland (PGE Speedway Ekstraliga) in the 2021 competitive season. Reaction time was measured using the Pegasus Speedway © telemetry system (Black Burst, Warsaw, PL). Riders scoring 3 points during a heat had the fastest reaction time (F(3,1257) = 8.90, p<0.001, η2 = 0.02), but RT did not influence the final result of the match (p<0.130). The times differ depending on the occupied starting position (F(3,1257) = 6.89, p<0.001, η2 = 0.02), with the fastest RT in the inner position–A compared to the B (p<0.05) and C (p <0.001) positions. Senior riders showed significantly faster RT (0.246s) compared to junior ones (0.258s) (p<0.001). The width of the starting line affects the reaction time (F(3,1257) = 7.94, p<0.001, η2 = 0.02). In the last (15th) heat of the match, RT was the fastest. The fast reaction time during the start affects the scoring of more points in a heat but depends on riders’ experience, the starting position and the straight width of the motorcycle speedway stadium. Coaches should pay attention to these factors when programming training measures.
A Spike-destructing human antibody effectively neutralizes Omicron-included SARS-CoV-2 variants with therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Meng Lu , Zha Jialu , Zhou Bingjie , Cao Long , Jiang Congli , Zhu Yuanfei , Li Teng , Lu Lu , Zhang Junqi , Yang Heng , Feng Jian , Gu Zhifeng , Tang Hong , Jiang Lubin , Li Dianfan , Lavillette Dimitri , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: January 2023

Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are important assets to fight COVID-19, but most existing nAbs lose the activities against Omicron subvariants. Here, we report a human monoclonal antibody (Ab08) isolated from a convalescent patient infected with the prototype strain (Wuhan-Hu-1). Ab08 binds to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) with pico-molar affinity (230 pM), effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (VOCs) including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Mu, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, and to a lesser extent for Delta and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 which bear the L452R mutation. Of medical importance, Ab08 shows therapeutic efficacy in SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2 mice. X-ray crystallography of the Ab08-RBD complex reveals an antibody footprint largely in the β-strand core and away from the ACE2-binding motif. Negative staining electron-microscopy suggests a neutralizing mechanism through which Ab08 destructs the Spike trimer. Together, our work identifies a nAb with therapeutic potential for COVID-19.
Apricot Tree Detection from UAV-Images Using Mask R-CNN and U-Net
Authors: Erdem Firat , Ocer Nuri Erkin , Matci Dilek Kucuk , Kaplan Gordana , Avdan Ugur
Published: January 2023

Monitoring trees is necessary to manage and take inventory of forests, monitor plants in urban areas, distribute vegetation, monitor change, and establish sensitive and renewable agricultural systems. This study aims to automatically detect, count, and map apricot trees in an orthophoto,
covering an area of approximately 48 ha on the ground surface using two different algorithms based on deep learning. Here, Mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) and U-Net models were run together with a dilation operator to detect apricot trees in UAV images, and the
performances of the models were compared. Results show that Mask R-CNN operated in this way performs better in tree detection, counting, and mapping tasks compared to U-Net. Mask R-CNN with the dilation operator achieved a precision of 98.7%, recall of 99.7%, F1 score of 99.1%, and intersection
over union (IoU) of 74.8% for the test orthophoto. U-Net, on the other hand, has achieved a recall of 93.3%, precision of 97.2%, F1 score of 95.2%, and IoU of 58.3% when run with the dilation operator. Mask R-CNN was able to produce successful results in challenging areas. U-Net, on the other
hand, showed a tendency to overlook existing trees rather than generate false alarms.
UAS Edge Computing of Energy Infrastructure Damage Assessment
Authors: Bowman Jordan , Yang Lexie , Thomas Orrin , Kirk Jerry , Duncan Andrew , Hughes David , Meade Shannon
Published: January 2023

Energy infrastructure assessments are needed within 72 hours of natural disasters, and previous data collection methods have proven too slow. We demonstrate a scalable end-to-end solution using a prototype unmanned aerial system that performs on-the-edge detection, classification (i.e.,
damaged or undamaged), and geo-location of utility poles. The prototype is suitable for disaster response because it requires no local communication infrastructure and is capable of autonomous missions. Collections before, during, and after Hurricane Ida in 2021 were used to test the system.
The system delivered an F1 score of 0.65 operating with a 2.7 s/frame processing speed with the YOLOv5 large model and an F1 score of 0.55 with a 0.48 s/frame with the YOLOv5 small model. Geo-location uncertainty in the bottom half of the frame was ∼8 m, mostly driven by error in camera
pointing measurement. With additional training data to improve performance and detect additional types of features, a fleet of similar drones could autonomously collect actionable post-disaster data.
Application of Digital Entrepreneurship Education in the Digital Library Marketing Course
Authors: Siti Rohaya  , F. Trisakti Haryadi  , Alia Bihrajihant Raya
Published: January 2023

Entrepreneurship education in universities plays a significant role in creating an entrepreneurial spirit in students. We explore the application of digital entrepreneurship education contained in the Digital Library Marketing course. This research is qualitative research with a case study. Data collection was conducted through in-depth semi-structured interviews with thirteen informants. The data are photos or videos of activities during the research, and videotape recordings. The data display the output of Digital Library Marketing lectures which shows how theories following research and observation of digital media interfaces are used as promotional and marketing media. The results showed that digital entrepreneurship education applied to the Digital Library Marketing course has an important influence on students to design a professional weblog as a medium of information, to create content writing about how to fill a weblog that can sell the products offered, and to do good copywriting, also to find ideas for delivery and promotion. Besides being applied to the Digital Library Marketing course, digital entrepreneurship education is also held in digital marketing workshops to provide prospective alums. This study is helpful for entrepreneurship education literature in libraries and information that intersects with digital technology as a medium for entrepreneurship.