bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Password-Less Authentication
Authors: Chowhan Rahul Singh , Tanwar Rohit
Published: April 2019

Over the years, passwords have been our safeguards by acting to prevent one's data from unauthorized access. With the advancement of technologies, the way we have been using passwords has changed and transformed into much secure yet more user friendly than they were ever been in the past. However, the vulnerabilities identified and observed in this traditional system has motivated industry and researchers to find some alternate where there is no threat like stealing, hacking, and cracking of password. This chapter discusses the major developed password-less authentication techniques in detail and also puts an effort to explain the in-depth details along with the working principle of each of the technique through a use-case diagram. It would be of great benefit and contribution to the callow trying to explore research opportunities in this area.
TV Soaps Influence on the Attitudes of Kazakhstani Women Towards the Represented Turkish Way of Life
Authors: Rymbayeva Aizhan
Published: April 2019

Open market relations opened the opportunity for media representatives to deliver their products worldwide. Thanks to this tendency, TV products became more than entertainment. They are used as a persuasive medium abroad. Turkish TV soaps are the subject of this study. The research further discusses the perceived influence of Turkish TV soaps on Kazakhstani female audience towards the represented Turkish way of life. This study used qualitative in-depth interviews to collect data during August of 2018. The implications are discussed in relation to social learning theory and uses and gratifications theory.
Governmental Service Gamification
Authors: Harviainen J. Tuomas , Hassan Lobna
Published: April 2019

The introduction of gamification of governmental services is a topic of interest to policy makers and gamification researchers and practitioners alike. Nonetheless, governmental gamification still remains an understudied area, despite the practical governmental gamification initiatives already taking place, facing increased implementation risks from the lack of guiding implementation principles. Such risks and lack of unified guidelines for governmental gamification necessitates the examination of governmental gamification from the perspective of existing knowledge to synthesize key knowledge fathered on its implementation. This article examines existing research in order to provide guidelines for applying gamification in government services. By using a combination of research on gamification in civic engagement and the Gamified Service Framework of Klapztein and Cipolla, the article creates a basic roadmap for recognizing factors that need to be considered when applying gamification techniques and methods in government services and the public sector in general.
Learning Chinese Word Segmentation Based on Bidirectional GRU-CRF and CNN Network Model
Authors: Yu Chenghai , Wang Shupei , Guo Jiajun
Published: April 2019

Chinese word segmentation is the basis of the Chinese natural language processing (NLP). With the development of the deep learning, various neural network models are applied to the Chinese word segmentation. However, current neural network models have the characteristics of artificial feature extraction, nonstandard word-weight, inability to effectively use long-distance information and long training time of models in Chinese word segmentation. To solve a series of problems, this article presents a CNN-Bidirectional GRU-CRF neural network model (CNN Bidirectional GRU CRF Network, CBiGCN), which breaks through the limit of conventional method window, truly realizes end-to-end processing and applies to the neural network model by the five-Tag set method, bias-variable-weight greedy strategy and supplements by Goldstein-Armijo guidelines. Besides, this model, with simple structure, is easy to be operated. And it can automatically learn features, reduces large amounts of tasks on specific knowledge in the form of handcrafted features and data pre-processing, makes use of context information effectively. The authors set an experiment with two data corpuses for Chinese word segmentation to evaluate their system. The experiment verified their new model can obtain better Chinese word segmentation results and greatly reduce training time.
Overview of Multicomponent Solid Forms
Authors: Chavan Rahul B , Shastri Nalini R
Published: April 2019

Multi-drug therapy involves the simultaneous or sequential administration of two or more drugs with similar or different mechanisms of action and is efficient in combating various ailments such as cancer, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. It has emerged advantageous due to larger therapeutic benefits, an increase in patient compliance, lower administrative costs, and reduced number of prescriptions. In the recent past, the clinical success of the Novartis product Entresto (sacubitril, disodium valsartan and water) and Esteve product E-58425 (tramadol and celecoxib) has boosted the development of multi-drug . The present article is hence designed to provide an overview of different multicomponent addicts which provide option of combining the drugs at a supramolecular level (nano-sized level). Key features of multi-drug cocrystal, co-amorphous system and eutectics are described with major emphasis on screening tools, preparation methods, characterization techniques, biopharmaceutical aspects and scale up.
A Node-Oriented Discrete Event Scheduling Algorithm Based on Finite Resource Model
Authors: Huang Yu , Sheng Wanxing , Jin Peipei , Nie Baicuan , Qiu Meikang , Xu Guangquan
Published: April 2019

Discrete event simulation is the most important and essential part in network simulation. The node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling is a model that allocates computing resources as nodes and makes the discrete event simulation as a simulation task on nodes. In this article the reason of low performance in large-scale network simulation is analyzed, and an ideal node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling is presented and a resource-limited node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling by adding some restrictions on network resources is proposed. Then, the authors complete contrast experiments of the resource-limited node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling and NS2. Finally, packet loss in resource-limited node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling is examined. Also, NS2 is discussed in this article and the authors have proposed an improved method for the packet loss algorithm in a resource-limited node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling.
Evolution of Soil Settlements under a Rockfill Dam Based on Potential Earthquake Harmfulness (PEH) 'Case of Boumerdes Earthquake, Algeria 2003'
Authors: Meziani Faroudia , Amar Kahil , Gabi Smail
Published: April 2019

Earthquakes are part of the natural cataclysms that are responsible for the destruction of entire cities, causing the deaths of millions of people and often have disastrous economic consequences. Therefore, it is important to consider measures of the intensity of seismic movement in risk analysis (Potential Earthquake Harmfulness ‘PEH’). The purpose of this study is to model the mass of soil under a rockfill embankment in order to evaluate the soil settlement under the effect of an earthquake of Boumerdes (Algeria 2003) using “plaxis” finite element code. The PEH characterizes in our study the Aria intensity IA(t) and the cumulative absolute velocity CAV(t), on the one hand, and on the other hand, empirical correlations between the indicators of harmfulness (PEH) and the settlements under the base of the dike. The correlations thus obtained (Uy-PEH) are slightly influenced by the gravitational loads and a tighter dispersion of the point cloud is observed on the correlations (Uy-IA).
Influence of Magnesium on Hardness and Microstructure of ADC 12 Alloy Produced by Gravity Casting Method
Authors: Junus Salahuddin , Sumarji  , Sidartawan Robertus , Riyanto Denni
Published: April 2019

Magnesium addition produce modification level of silicon’s eutectic for Al-Si-Mg. An increase in magnesium content will increase mechanical properties value of ADC 12 alloy. Highest hardness value reached when Mg content is over 4%. Properties of material’s increased because Mg that added to the alloy will bind with Si and form Mg2Si compound. Where the Mg2Si compound will close the empty space in crystal structure of Al-Si-Mg and the distance between the grain is getting closer so that ADC 12 alloy possess improved strength and hardness. ADC 12 alloy with the addition of 8% magnesium variation will have the highest hardness value, which is 143.44 BHN
Tribological Property of Micro-Dimples Textured HA/ZrO2 Coating
Authors: Bao Yu Mei , Chai Hao , Wang Cheng Wu
Published: April 2019

The effect of tribological properties of laser-textured with different surface coverage and diameters on HA/ZrO2 coating is studied. Under the bovine serum lubrication conditions, the effect of load and speed on anti-friction mechanism is tested. Experiments show that the surface texture has an excellent morphology, its tribological property is significantly better than that of the un-textured coating, surface coverage 10%,Φ250μm coating showed the optimum tribological characteristics.
On the Issue of Predicting the Strength Characteristics of Dispersed-Hardened Polymeric Composite Materials at the Design Stage of Engineering Products
Authors: Notin Ilia
Published: April 2019

In the article a technique is provided that allows to optimize the process of choosing a rational composition of particulate filled polymer composite materials (PFPCM) based on the estimation of specific adhesive energy. Specific adhesive energy is calculated assuming the oriented surface layer formation and using a structure of representative volume. Strength tests for a variety of PFPCMs were conducted. Comparison of analytical results with the results of strength tests showed that that the higher the value of the specific adhesion energy that the system possesses, the higher its strength characteristics. Thus, this technique provides an assessment of strength characteristics of PFPCM based on data on its granulometric composition, filling ratio and type of binder.
Mechanism for IL-15–Driven B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cycling: Roles for AKT and STAT5 in Modulating Cyclin D2 and DNA Damage Response Proteins
Authors: Gupta Rashmi , Li Wentian , Yan Xiao J. , Barrientos Jacqueline , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Allen Steven L. , Rai Kanti , Chiorazzi Nicholas , Mongini Patricia K. A.
Published: April 2019

Clonal expansion of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) occurs within lymphoid tissue pseudofollicles. IL-15, a stromal cell–associated cytokine found within spleens and lymph nodes of B-CLL patients, significantly boosts in vitro cycling of blood-derived B-CLL cells following CpG DNA priming. Both IL-15 and CpG DNA are elevated in microbe-draining lymphatic tissues, and unraveling the basis for IL-15–driven B-CLL growth could illuminate new therapeutic targets. Using CpG DNA-primed human B-CLL clones and approaches involving both immunofluorescent staining and pharmacologic inhibitors, we show that both PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT5 pathways are activated and functionally important for IL-15→CD122/ɣc signaling in ODN-primed cells expressing activated pSTAT3. Furthermore, STAT5 activity must be sustained for continued cycling of CFSE-labeled B-CLL cells. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments with inhibitors of PI3K and STAT5 show that both contribute to IL-15–driven upregulation of mRNA for cyclin D2 and suppression of mRNA for DNA damage response mediators ATM, 53BP1, and MDC1. Furthermore, protein levels of these DNA damage response molecules are reduced by IL-15, as indicated by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Bioinformatics analysis of ENCODE chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data from cell lines provides insight into possible mechanisms for STAT5-mediated repression. Finally, pharmacologic inhibitors of JAKs and STAT5 significantly curtailed B-CLL cycling when added either early or late in a growth response. We discuss how the IL-15–induced changes in gene expression lead to rapid cycling and possibly enhanced mutagenesis. STAT5 inhibitors might be an effective modality for blocking B-CLL growth in patients.
Cystic pelvi-abdominal mass in pregnancy: An uncommon presentation of a subserosal leiomyoma
Authors: Sobey Natasha , Raubenheimer Lauren
Published: April 2019

Uterine leiomyomas are common benign neoplasms. While generally easily diagnosed, variations in size and type of degeneration can drastically alter the imaging findings and result in diagnostic uncertainty. We present the case of a 34-year-old female with a large, cystic, pelvi-abdominal mass that was discovered in advanced pregnancy and misdiagnosed as an ovarian tumour. Intra-uterine demise of a viable foetus during an induction of labour and clinical deterioration necessitated further imaging and emergent surgical intervention. Further imaging, intra-operative findings and histopathological correlation revealed a pedunculated uterine leiomyoma with hyaline degeneration and areas of necrosis, complicated by left ovarian vein thrombosis. In addition to the intra-uterine demise, the unfortunate outcome included a total abdominal hysterectomy and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in a young patient. Typical leiomyomas are easily detected with imaging, however the varied clinical presentation and imaging findings in degenerating leiomyomas can prove a diagnostic challenge. This case describes a rare manifestation of a common condition and its subsequent diagnostic dilemma resulting in dire foeto-maternal outcomes.
Trabalhadores, ditaduras e historiografias
Authors: Porto Marchesini Torres Lucas
Published: April 2019

Resenha do livro Mundos do Trabalho e Ditaduras no Cone Sul (1964-1990). Rio de Janeiro: Multifoco, 2018, de Larissa Corrêa, Alejandra Estevez, Paulo Fontes e Jean Sales.
Statistical climatology of mid-latitude mesospheric summer echoes characterised by OSWIN (Ostsee-Wind) radar observations
Authors: Pokhotelov Dimitry , Stober Gunter , Chau Jorge Luis
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Mid-latitude mesospheric summer echoes (MSEs) appear in radar
observations during summer months. The geophysical factors controlling the
formation of MSEs include solar and energetic particle ionisation, neutral
temperature, turbulence, and meridional transport. A total of 12 years of
summer months observations with the OSWIN (Ostsee-Wind) radar in
Kühlungsborn, Germany, have been analysed to detect MSE events and to
analyse statistical connections to these controlling factors. A more
sensitive and consistent method for deriving signal-to-noise ratio has been
utilised. Daily and monthly composite analysis demonstrates strong daytime
preference and early summer seasonal preference for MSEs. The statistical
results are not entirely conclusive due to the low-occurrence rates of MSEs.
Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that the meridional transport from colder
high-latitude summer mesosphere is the important controlling factor, while no
clear connection to geomagnetic and solar activity is found.
Foreign influences on tropospheric ozone over East Asia through global atmospheric transport
Authors: Han Han , Liu Jane , Yuan Huiling , Wang Tijian , Zhuang Bingliang , Zhang Xun
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone in East Asia is influenced by the transport of ozone from foreign regions around the world. However, the magnitudes and variations of such influences remain unclear. This study was performed to investigate this influence and its variations with space and time using a global chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, for emission zero-out and tagged ozone simulations. The results show that foreign ozone varies significantly with latitude, altitude, and season in the East Asian troposphere. The transport of foreign ozone to East Asia occurs primarily through the middle and upper troposphere, where the concentration of foreign ozone (32–65 ppbv) in East Asia is 0.5–6 times higher than that of native ozone (11–18 ppbv) and has strong seasonality, being largest in spring and lowest in winter. Foreign ozone in East Asia increases rapidly with altitude. At the surface, the annual average foreign ozone concentration is ~ 22.2 ppbv, which is comparable to its native counterpart of ~ 20.4 ppbv. The annual mean concentration of anthropogenic ozone from foreign regions is ~ 4.7 ppbv at the East Asian surface, and half of it comes from North America (1.3 ppbv) and Europe (1.0 ppbv). The presence of foreign ozone at the East Asian surface is highest in winter (27.1 ppbv) and lowest in summer (16.5 ppbv). This strong seasonality is largely modulated by the East Asian monsoon (EAM) via its influence on vertical motion. The large-scale subsidence prevailing during the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) favours the downdraft of foreign ozone to the surface, while widespread convection in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) blocks such transport. In summer, the South Asian High facilitates the build-up of South Asian ozone in the East Asian upper troposphere and constrains North American, European, and African ozone to the regions north of 35° N. The interannual variations of foreign ozone at the East Asian surface have been found to be closely related to the EAM. When the EAWM is strong, North American and European ozone are enhanced at the East Asian surface, as the subsidence behind the East Asian trough becomes stronger. In strong EASM years, South and Southeast Asian ozone is reduced at the East Asian surface due to weakened south-westerly monsoon wind. This study suggests substantial foreign influences on tropospheric ozone in East Asia and underscores the importance of the EAM in the seasonal and interannual variations of foreign influences on surface ozone in East Asia.
Predominance of Secondary Organic Aerosol to Particle-bound Reactive Oxygen Species Activity in Fine Ambient Aerosol
Authors: Zhou Jun , Elser Miriam , Huang Ru-Jin , Krapf Manuel , Fröhlich Roman , Bhattu Deepika , Stefenelli Giulia , Zotter Peter , Bruns Emily A. , Pieber Simone , Ni Haiyan , Wang Qiyuan , Wang Yichen , Zhou Yaqing , Chen Chunying , Xiao Mao , Slowik Jay G. , Brown Samuel , Cassagnes Laure-Estelle , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Nussbaumer Thomas , Geiser Marianne , Prévôt André S.H. , El-Haddad Imad , Cao Junji , Baltensperger Urs , Dommen Josef
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to contribute to the adverse health effects of aerosols. This may happen by inhaled particle-bound (exogenic) ROS (PB-ROS) or by ROS formed within the respiratory tract by certain aerosol components (endogenic ROS). We investigated the chemical composition of aerosols and their exogenic ROS content at the two contrasting locations Beijing (China) and Bern (Switzerland). We apportioned the ambient organic aerosol to different sources and attributed the observed PB-ROS to them. The oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA, a proxy for secondary organic aerosol, SOA) explained the highest fraction of the exogenic ROS concentration variance at both locations. We also characterized primary and secondary aerosol emissions generated from different biogenic and anthropogenic sources in smog chamber experiments. The exogenic PB-ROS content in the OOA from these emission sources was comparable to that in the ambient measurements. Our results imply that SOA from gaseous precursors of different anthropogenic emission sources is a crucial source of PB-ROS and should be additionally considered in toxicological and epidemiological studies in an adequate way besides primary emissions. The importance of PB-ROS may be connected to the seasonal trends in health effects of PM reported by epidemiological studies, with elevated incidences of adverse effects in warmer seasons, which are accompanied by more intense atmospheric oxidation processes.
A new model mechanism for atmospheric oxidation of isoprene: global effects on oxidants, nitrogen oxides, organic products, and secondary organic aerosol
Authors: Bates Kelvin H. , Jacob Daniel J.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene, the most abundantly emitted non-methane hydrocarbon, affects the abundances of ozone, the hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), oxygenated and nitrated organic compounds, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We analyze these effects in box models and in the global GEOS-Chem chemical transport model using the new Reduced Caltech Isoprene Mechanism (RCIM) condensed from a recently developed explicit isoprene oxidation mechanism. We find many similarities with previous global models of isoprene chemistry along with a number of important differences. Proper accounting of the isomer distribution of peroxy radicals following the addition of OH and O2 to isoprene influences the subsequent distribution of products, decreasing in particular the yield of methacrolein, and increasing the capacity of intramolecular hydrogen shifts to promptly regenerate OH. Hydrogen shift reactions throughout the mechanism lead to increased OH recycling, resulting in less depletion of OH under low-NO conditions than in previous mechanisms. Higher organonitrate yields and faster tertiary nitrate hydrolysis lead to more efficient NOx removal by isoprene and conversion to inorganic nitrate. Only 20 % of isoprene-derived organonitrates (excluding peroxyacyl nitrates) are chemically recycled to NOx. The global yield of formaldehyde from isoprene is 22 % per carbon and less sensitive to NO than in previous mechanisms. The global molar yield of glyoxal is 2 %, much lower than in previous mechanisms because of deposition and aerosol uptake of glyoxal precursors. Global production of isoprene SOA is about one third each from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX), organonitrates, and tetrafunctional compounds. We find a SOA yield from isoprene of 13 % per carbon, much higher than commonly assumed in models, and likely offset by SOA chemical loss. We use the results of our simulations to further condense RCIM into a Mini-Caltech Isoprene Mechanism (Mini-CIM) for less expensive implementation in atmospheric models, with a total size (108 species, 345 reactions) comparable to currently used mechanisms.
Investigation of Effects of Coronal Mass Ejections on Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nsukka, South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Hanson Esther A. , Okeke F. Nneka , Okpala Kingsley
Published: April 2019

Abstract. In this work, we attempted to investigate the contributions and effects of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) on total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere of an equatorial station, Nsukka (Lat. 6.86N; Long 7.38E) located in South Eastern Nigeria. Using TEC data recorded by the Global Positioning System (GPS) of the Air Force Research Laboratory, USA, and CME data obtained from the USA owned Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite, we calculated the variation of TEC in the solar maximum year 2012, and observed regular, Gaussian distribution of TEC during geomagnetic solar quiet (Sq) days. On days associated with CME events, TEC variations assumed very sporadic patterns; maximized quite early during geomagnetic disturbed days and peaked at later hours during quiet days. The ionospheric electron contents are generally very low at both pre-noon and nighttime hours but quite high at noon and post-noon hours. This pattern of TEC variation is due to fluctuation in solar radiations incident on earth’s equatorial ionosphere. During quiet periods the number of free electrons generated is smaller in comparison to that generated during disturbed times, which shows a positive contribution of CMEs to TEC profile. TEC profiles for days categorized as neither disturbed nor quiet are synonymous to TEC curves on quiet days. There is significant time-variance in peak-time of TEC between disturbed and quiet days. TEC maximized quit earlier on disturbed days, implying increased influx of charged particles into the ionosphere due to the prevailing CME events. These results can contribute as input to the ionospheric monitoring and forecasting for the equatorial region of South Eastern Nigeria.
Traits of sub-kilometer F-region irregularities as seen with the
Swarm satellites
Authors: Aol Sharon , Buchert Stephan , Jurua Edward
Published: April 2019

Abstract. During the night, in the F-region, equatorial ionospheric irregularities manifest as plasma depletions observed by satellites and may cause radio signals to fluctuate. In this study, the distribution characteristics of ionospheric F-region irregularities in the low latitudes were investigated using 16 Hz electron density observations made by the faceplate on board Swarm satellites of the European Space Agency (ESA). The study covers the period from October 2014 to October 2018 when the 16 Hz electron density data were available. For comparison, both the absolute (ΔNe) and relative (ΔNe/Ne) density perturbations were used to quantify the level of ionospheric irregularities. The two methods generally reproduced the local time, seasonal and longitudinal distribution of equatorial ionospheric irregularities as shown in earlier studies, demonstrating the ability of Swarm 16 Hz electron density data. A difference between the two methods was observed based on the latitudinal distribution of ionospheric irregularities where ΔNe showed a symmetrical distribution about the magnetic equator, whereas ΔNe/Ne showed a magnetic equator centered Gaussian distribution. High values of ΔNe and ΔNe/Ne were observed in spatial bins with steep gradients of electron density from a longitudinal and seasonal perspective. The response of ionospheric irregularities to geomagnetic and solar activities was also investigated using Kp index and solar radio flux index (F10.7), respectively. A weak positive correlation was obtained between the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities and Kp index, irrespective of the method adopted to quantify the irregularities. In general, both ΔNe and ΔNe/Ne showed a weak positive correlation with F10.7. However, a higher positive correlation was obtained between ΔNe and F10.7 compared to ΔNe/Ne. Using the high-resolution faceplate data, we were able to identify ionospheric irregularities of scales of only a few hundreds of meters.
Warming enhances carbon dioxide and methane fluxes from Red Sea seagrass (Halophila stipulacea) sediments
Authors: Burkholz Celina , Garcias-Bonet Neus , Duarte Carlos M.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Seagrass meadows are autotrophic ecosystems storing carbon in their biomass and sediments, but they have also been shown to be sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Seagrasses can be negatively affected by increasing seawater temperatures, but the effects of warming on CO2 and CH4 fluxes in seagrass meadows have not yet been reported. Here, we examine the effect of two disturbances on air-seawater fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in Red Sea Halophila stipulacea communities compared to adjacent unvegetated sediments using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. We first characterized CO2 and CH4 fluxes in vegetated and adjacent unvegetated sediments, and then experimentally examined their response, along with that of the C isotopic signature of CO2 and CH4, to gradual warming from 25 °C (winter seawater temperature) to 37 °C, 2 °C above current maximum temperature. In addition, we assessed the response to prolonged darkness, thereby providing insights into the possible role of suppressing plant photosynthesis in supporting CO2 and CH4 fluxes. We detected distinct differences between vegetated and unvegetated sediments, with the vegetated sediments supporting 6-fold higher CO2 fluxes, and 10- to 100-fold higher CH4 fluxes. Warming led to an increase in net CO2 and CH4 fluxes, reaching average fluxes of 10,422.18 ± 2,570.12 µmol CO2 m−2 d−1 and 88.11 ± 15.19 µmol CH4 m−2 d−1, while CO2 and CH4 fluxes decreased over time in sediments maintained at 25 °C. Prolonged darkness led to an increase in CO2 fluxes but a decrease in CH4 fluxes in vegetated sediments. These results add to previous research identifying Red Sea seagrass meadows as a significant source of CH4, while also indicating that sublethal warming may lead to increased emissions of greenhouse gases from seagrass meadows, providing a feedback mechanism that may contribute to further enhance global warming.
Assessing Water Security in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region Under Projected Climate Change
Authors: Gesualdo Gabriela C. , Oliveira Paulo Tarso S. , Rodrigues Dulce B. B. , Gupta Hoshin V.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Climate change affects the global water cycle and has the potential to alter water availability for food-energy-water production, and for ecosystems services, on regional and local scales. An understanding these effects is crucial to assessing future water availability, and for the development of sustainable management plans. Here, we investigate the influence of anticipated climate change on water security in the Jaguari Basin, which is the main source of freshwater for 9 million people in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR). First, we calibrate and evaluate a hydrological model using daily observed data, obtaining satisfactory Coefficient of Determination and Kling-Gupta efficiency values for both periods. To represent possible climate change scenarios up to 2095, we consider two International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and use an ensemble of future projections generated by 17 General Circulation Models (GCMs). These data were used to drive the hydrological model to generate projected scenarios of streamflow. Then we used indicators of water scarcity and vulnerability to carry out a quantitative analysis of provision probability. Our results indicate that streamflow can be expected to exhibit increased interannual variability, significant increases in flow rate between January and March, and an extension of the dry season (currently June to September) until November. The latter includes more than 35 % reduction in streamflow during September through November (with > 50 % reduction in October). Our findings indicate an increased risk of floods and droughts accompanied by an expansion of the basin critical period, and our analysis of the Water Security Indices identifies October and November as the most vulnerable months. Overall, our analysis exposes the fragility of water security in the Sao Paulo metropolitan region, and provides valuable technical and scientific information that can be used to guide regional plans and strategies to cope with potential future water scarcity.
A susceptibility-based rainfall threshold approach for landslide occurrence
Authors: Monsieurs Elise , Dewitte Olivier , Demoulin Alain
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Rainfall threshold determination is a pressing issue in
the landslide scientific community. While major improvements have been made towards more reproducible techniques for the identification of triggering
conditions for landsliding, the now well-established rainfall intensity or
event-duration thresholds for landsliding suffer from several
limitations. Here, we propose a new approach of the frequentist method for
threshold definition based on satellite-derived antecedent rainfall
estimates directly coupled with landslide susceptibility data. Adopting a
bootstrap statistical technique for the identification of threshold
uncertainties at different exceedance probability levels, it results in
thresholds expressed as AR = (α±Δα)⋅S(β±Δβ), where AR is antecedent rainfall (mm), S is
landslide susceptibility, α and β are scaling parameters, and
Δα and Δβ are their uncertainties. The main
improvements of this approach consist in (1) using spatially continuous
satellite rainfall data, (2) giving equal weight to rainfall characteristics
and ground susceptibility factors in the definition of spatially varying
rainfall thresholds, (3) proposing an exponential antecedent rainfall
function that involves past daily rainfall in the exponent to account for
the different lasting effect of large versus small rainfall,
(4) quantitatively exploiting the lower parts of the cloud of data points, most
meaningful for threshold estimation, and (5) merging the uncertainty on
landslide date with the fit uncertainty in a single error estimation. We
apply our approach in the western branch of the East African Rift based on
landslides that occurred between 2001 and 2018, satellite rainfall estimates
from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation
Analysis (TMPA 3B42 RT), and the continental-scale map of landslide
susceptibility of Broeckx et al. (2018) and provide the first regional rainfall
thresholds for landsliding in tropical Africa.
High-resolution under-water laser spectrometer sensing provides new insights to methane distribution at an Arctic seepage site
Authors: Jansson Pär , Triest Jack , Grilli Roberto , Ferré Bénédicte , Silyakova Anna , Mienert Jürgen , Chappellaz Jérôme
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Methane (CH4) in marine sediments has the potential to contribute to changes in the ocean- and climate system. Physical and biochemical processes that are difficult to quantify with current standard methods such as acoustic surveys and discrete sampling govern the distribution of dissolved CH4 in oceans and lakes. Detailed observations of aquatic CH4 concentrations are required for a better understanding of CH4 dynamics in the water column, how it can affect lake- and ocean acidification, the chemosynthetic ecosystem, and mixing ratios of atmospheric climate gases. Here we present pioneering high-resolution in-situ measurements of dissolved CH4 throughout the water column over a 400 m deep CH4 seepage area at the continental slope west of Svalbard. A new fast-response under-water membrane-inlet laser spectrometer sensor demonstrates technological advances and breakthroughs for ocean measurements. We reveal decametre-scale variations of dissolved CH4 concentrations over the CH4 seepage zone. Previous studies could not resolve such heterogeneity in the area, assumed smoother distribution and therefore lacked both details and insights to ongoing processes. We show good repeatability of the instrument measurements, which are also in agreement with discrete sampling. New numerical models, based on acoustically evidenced free gas emissions from the seafloor, support the observed heterogeneity and CH4 inventory. We identified sources of CH4, undetectable with echosounder, and rapid diffusion of dissolved CH4 away from the sources. Results from the continuous ocean laser-spectrometer measurements, supported by modelling, improve our understanding of CH4 fluxes and related physical processes over Arctic CH4 degassing regions.
A new methodology to train fracture network simulation using multiple-point statistics
Authors: Bruna Pierre-Olivier , Straubhaar Julien , Prabhakaran Rahul , Bertotti Giovanni , Bisdom Kevin , Mariethoz Grégoire , Meda Marco
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Natural fracture network characteristics can be establishes from high-resolution
outcrop images acquired from drone and photogrammetry. Such images might
also be good analogues of subsurface naturally fractured reservoirs and can
be used to make predictions of the fracture geometry and efficiency at
depth. However, even when supplementing fractured reservoir models with
outcrop data, gaps will remain in the model and fracture network
extrapolation methods are required. In this paper we used fracture networks
interpreted from two outcrops from the Apodi area, Brazil, to present a
revised and innovative method of fracture network geometry prediction using
the multiple-point statistics (MPS) method. The MPS method presented in this article uses a series of small synthetic
training images (TIs) representing the geological variability of fracture
parameters observed locally in the field. The TIs contain the statistical
characteristics of the network (i.e. orientation, spacing, length/height and
topology) and allow for the representation of a complex arrangement of fracture networks.
These images are flexible, as they can be simply sketched by the user. We proposed to simultaneously use a set of training images in specific
elementary zones of the Apodi outcrops in order to best replicate the
non-stationarity of the reference network. A sensitivity analysis was
conducted to emphasise the influence of the conditioning data, the
simulation parameters and the training images used. Fracture density
computations were performed on selected realisations and compared to the
reference outcrop fracture interpretation to qualitatively evaluate the
accuracy of our simulations. The method proposed here is adaptable in terms
of training images and probability maps to ensure that the geological complexity
in the simulation process is accounted for. It can be used on any type of
rock containing natural fractures in any kind of tectonic context. This
workflow can also be applied to the subsurface to predict the fracture
arrangement and fluid flow efficiency in water, geothermal or hydrocarbon
fractured reservoirs.
Teaching high school students to use online consumer health resources on mobile phones: outcome of a pilot project in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajuwon Grace Ada , Ajuwon Ademola Johnson
Published: April 2019

Objective: This project evaluated the outcomes of training high school students to deliver consumer health information to their peers.Methods: A total of 120 students selected from 7 high schools in Oyo state, Nigeria, received 8 hours of training on consumer health literacy and peer education, which is a process of training volunteers to deliver health information to their peers. The training included hands-on activities using the students’ own mobile phones. After the training, peer educators distributed leaflets, showed consumer health information (CHI) websites to others, counseled and referred fellow students, and submitted forms describing these activities. All peer educators completed pre- and post-tests, and 10 were interviewed 4 months after training.Results: After the training, the authors found improvement in the trainees’ knowledge of CHI resources and understanding of their roles as peer educators. Most peer educators (72.5%) delivered CHI to their peers after the training, primarily through sharing websites on teen health and other CHI resources. In the interviews, all peer educators reported direct benefits from participating in the project, and many stated that they knew where to find reliable health information.Conclusion: Volunteer high school students can be trained to deliver CHI to their peers using mobile phones.
Increasing rural nurses’ awareness of a statewide health information resource: an educational outreach initiative
Authors: Vela Kathryn , Bardyn Tania
Published: April 2019

Background: HEALWA is an online library of evidence-based health information resources that are available to Washington state health practitioners. To increase awareness and use of HEALWA among health practitioners in rural areas, the National Network of Libraries of Medicine Pacific Northwest Region and Washington State University Spokane co-funded an outreach librarian position to provide instruction on using HEALWA.Case Presentation: After attempts at frequent in-person workshops failed due to lack of attendance, a one-hour-long webinar targeted at rural nurses was developed to be delivered once a month. These webinars introduced participating health professionals to HEALWA, including how to set up their access and how to navigate the resource. To accommodate the busy schedules and different learning styles of the target audience, the workshops occurred both as monthly webinars and in-person, when available, in addition to an online self-guided tutorial. Continuing education credit was obtained through the Washington State Nurses Association, and a partnership with the Washington State Nursing Commission improved promotion of the webinars. Evaluations for both the webinars and workshops have been largely positive.Conclusions: The webinar series, coupled with in-person workshops and an online tutorial, reached nurses in rural areas of Washington state to increase awareness of HEALWA. To further facilitate access to HEALWA instruction, a recorded version of the live webinar is in development.
HIV/AIDS information promotion at the library: creative campaigns for young adults
Authors: Norton Hannah F. , Ansell Margaret E. , Pomputius Ariel , Edwards Mary E. , Daley Matthew , Harnett Susan
Published: April 2019

Background: While rates of new HIV diagnoses have gone down nationally, Florida’s HIV-positive population is growing and remains one of the largest in the country. Given this landscape, it is clear that diverse, creative, and collaborative efforts are needed to better inform the public about HIV risks, prevention, and treatment and to encourage healthy behaviors.Case Presentation: Building on previous work, librarians at the University of Florida engaged in a yearlong project to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS risks, prevention, and treatment among university students and to improve their information-seeking behaviors related to this disease. The “Creative Campaigns” project included 3 distinct elements of activity and engagement, designed to complement one another: a graphic novel contest, a social media campaign, and training for campus health care providers. The contest yielded 4 high-quality submissions, and the monthlong social media campaign garnered over 50,000 views and utilized Facebook ads to extend beyond the library’s typical audience. The instruction proved useful to campus counseling and wellness staff.Conclusions: Overall, the team considered the project a success in terms of reaching new audiences in new ways, and several of its components have been integrated into subsequent projects and regular operations. Exploring new methods of outreach through social media and creative formats required careful planning and the development of new skill sets amongst project team members but proved to be a rewarding way to generate engagement in the local community.
A Fluid Ideal: Dialectical Virtues and the Possibility of Debate
Authors: Crosswhite James
Published: April 2019

The notion of debate suggests an orderly controversy and so contains an implicit ideal of orderliness. This orderliness has a fluid reality but is structured by a regard for procedural equality. This ideal becomes possible in practice only to the degree that participants in debate are guided by habits and capabilities described here as dialectical virtues.
It Is All There: From Reason to Reasoning-in-the-World
Authors: Rickert Thomas
Published: April 2019

The emergence of narratives concerning post-truth, alternative facts, fake news, and the like underpins a felt sense of crisis about the possibility of debate, insofar as argument depends on truth norms. This essay argues that the post-truth narrative is regressive. It depends on Enlightenment-derived standards of truth that were from the beginning impoverished. I argue that rather than appeal nostalgically to the past, we should look to arguments interior to rhetorical history that point to truth norms that include worldly experience, or thereness. Using examples from Protagoras, Johann Georg Hamann, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, I briefly expand on different ways of conceiving how to marry worldly involvements to our conceptions of knowledge. The world, inclusive of radical technological change, doesn't just shape but takes part in who we are and what we know, say, and do. In this sense, argument and debate are ambient phenomena.
Development of a Smart Air Quality Monitoring System and its Operation
Authors: Sung Yaeseul , Lee Seungmin , Kim Yeonkyung , Park Hanbai
Published: April 2019

Indoor air quality control becomes a critical role in protecting human life due to a significant increase in indoor living time with industrial development. However, air purifier and ventilation systems are installed in many indoor places, and qualities of air are not guaranteed without effective monitoring systems. In this study, we developed a smart indoor air quality monitoring device, measuring components of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, CO, CO2, VOCs, temperature and humidity. The smart air quality monitoring system is commutated with a developed smartphone application using short and long distance communication modules. The smart application basically provides air quality information (daily, monthly, yearly), air management methods, and emerging environmental issues. For the system verification, we tested the developed air quality monitoring system with other reliable measuring devices. As results, the gaps between our developed system and other reliable measuring devices are PM10 (±4%), PM2.5 (±4%), CO (±1%), CO2 (±1%), VOCs (±2%), temperature (±1%) and humidity (±2%). We found that the developed smart air quality monitoring system is sufficiently reliable comparing to other measuring devices. Therefore, the smart air quality monitoring system would help improve indoor air quality in real time and can be used for future air quality prediction.
Sme´s partners in innovation cooperation: an empirical analysis of Slovak sme´s
Authors: Lesáková Ľubica , Kráľ Pavol , Gundová Petra
Published: April 2019

Innovation cooperation has become an increasingly prominent feature of firm´s innovation activity. Cooperation with external subjects in innovation enables to the firm to search outside of their boundaries the skills, competence or technologies that they are missing and that would take too long (and too much costs) to be developed internally. The external resources and capabilities that SMEs could access through external innovation linkages might provide them with the stimulus and capacity to innovate. The aim of the article is to examine the cooperation of Slovak SMEs with external partners in innovation in special division of mechanical engineering industry. We will answer two questions. First: to identify who are the major cooperation partners for SME´s innovations in analysed division of mechanical engineering industry; second: to assess the respective type of innovation relationships with individual cooperation partners in analysed sector of SME´s. We stated 14 potential external subjects for cooperation in innovations and with the Friedman test we assessed the importance (significance) of SME´s cooperation with external subjects in innovation activities as well as the respective type of innovation relationships with individual cooperative partners. Suggested are positive effects of cooperation with external partners in innovation, indicated are main reasons of low cooperation. Based on the research results are formulated the implications for SMEs managers and policy makers concerned with the management of innovation cooperation
Korruptionsbekämpfung durch das Steuerrecht und Kooperation von Strafverfolgungs- und Finanzbehörden
Authors: Ermert Alexander
Published: April 2019

This thesis investigates how tax law can be used to fight corruption. The taxation procedure is particularly well-suited as a starting point for further criminal proceedings in cases involving corruption in the context of economic crime. However, the collaboration between law enforcement and tax authorities in this field is not without its difficulties, as it involves different areas of the law (tax law, criminal law, criminal tax law) and different types of proceedings (taxation proceedings, criminal investigations), whose interactions result in numerous problems. This work also finds that § 4 sec. 5 sentence 1 No. 10 of the EStG (Germany’s Income Tax Act) is insufficiently considered in practice. After analysing the norm and its various levels of impact (fiscal, general preventive and criminal tax law levels), the author concludes that the current rules have weaknesses that provoke avoidance behaviour among the tax authorities.