bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Making of a Best Seller
Authors: Hyman Philip , Hyman Mary
Published: May 2024

Best selling “how to” books often change in the course of time but how, when and why they change can be difficult to determine. Not only might the author and publisher be jointly responsible for modifying a book’s content but, to complicate matters further, many successful books were “pirated” in the past, violating the equivalent of today’s copyright laws. It was not rare for such pirate editions to modify the original text, in some instances even “improving” on the original. This study of an eighteenth-century cookbook, La Cuisinière bourgeoise – one of the best-selling cookbooks ever published in France – calls attention to the many ruses used by the author, the authorised publisher, and their unauthorized competitors to attract new readers, and to the difficulties historians may encounter when using these books as primary source material for their research.
Ignaz Diener
Authors: Smales Maggie
Published: May 2024

Ignaz Diener was Vienna’s foremost restaurateur in the mid-1930s. Son of a Jewish tavern keeper, he spent the ten years before the outbreak of the First World War working in top hotels in Paris, London, Geneva and Berlin, acquiring both the culinary knowledge and linguistic skills required to move easily amongst an international clientele, adding Russian to his repertoire while a prisoner of war in Siberia. After the war, he worked for more than a decade for the world-famous Hotel Sacher, latterly as bar manager, before jumping ship to a newly opened restaurant, Zu den drei Husaren (The Three Hussars). His name and reputation were used to promote the Three Hussars ruthlessly as the place to go for smart Viennese society, leading to a lawsuit by Hotel Sacher, claiming unfair competition, which they lost. Diener’s success ended abruptly with the Anschluss in 1938, when The Three Hussars was sold to Otto Horcher, Göring’s favourite restaurateur, and he himself was imprisoned in the Gestapo HQ. Rescue came from the Duke of Windsor’s equerry who had sponsored him to go to England with his family – The Three Hussars was Edward Windsor’s favourite place to eat in Vienna. A year after arriving in London, Diener was interned on the Isle of Man, where he helped to run the canteens. On release, he wrote a highly successful recipe book called Kitchen Parade, explaining how the average family could make best use of rationed food. A friend from Vienna, Alexander Korda, then recruited him to run the canteens at Shepperton Studios, including, appropriately, for the filming of The Third Man. The final chapter of Diener’s career was as proprietor of a restaurant called The Green Monkey on the outskirts of Reading. He died in 1968.
Declaración de Quito
Authors: CIESPAL – FELAFACS Primer Congreso Latinoamericano
Published: May 2024

La Declaración de Quito, es un documento nacido en el marco del Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Comunicación CIESPAL – FELAFACS, realizado en la ciudad de Quito, des 19 al 21 de octubre de 2023. El documento, recoge diferentes propuestas para configurar una agenda comunicacional, hacia el año 2030, con base en las diversas temáticas debatidas durante el Congreso.
Mirar al futuro construyendo el presente
Authors: PAIVA Raquel
Published: May 2024

Este artículo analiza los retos y oportunidades que enfrenta la comunicación en América Latina hacia el año 2030. Se examinan aspectos como la tecnología y la digitalización, los desafíos sociales y políticos, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la diversidad cultural, la libertad de prensa y la participación ciudadana. Se discuten las implicaciones de la agenda 2030 de la ONU y se reflexiona sobre la metamorfosis social impulsada por eventos como la pandemia y el cambio climático.
Effect of Tilt Angle Variation on the Performance of the Flat Collector Solar Thermal System (Passive Type)
Authors: Dorji Cheku , Kumar Gurung Saran , Luitel Prakash
Published: May 2024

The study demonstrates the importance of proper design and installation of a passive solar thermal system and the need to consider the appropriate collector tilt angle for optimal thermal performance. The experimental setup consisted of a 200-liter passive system installed alongside with an existing 500-liter active thermal system, enabling a solar hot water capacity of 700 liters. The temperature of the flat-type collector outlet and inlet, hot tank outlet, and ambient temper-ature were recorded using temperature sensor data loggers, while solar irradiance was measured using a pyranometer placed on the collector surface. Four system metrics, namely collector effi-ciency, thermal efficiency, heat loss, and mass flow at different tilt angles, were studied. The thermal performance of the system improves with a steady change in solar irradiation when the collector is placed between the tilt angle of 25° and 30°. However, when the tilt angle is increased above 30 degrees, the system efficiency decreases. The thermal efficiency of 60-70% can be obtained at a collector angle of 20° to 30° at the daily solar irradiance of 300 to 900 W/m2. Furthermore, the experiment emphasizes the importance of timely draining out of hot water from the system. This practice helps maintain the system's efficiency and sustainability.
Acordemos que estamos en desacuerdo. Estrategias partidarias en las elecciones primarias argentinas
Authors: Santoro Ignacio
Published: May 2024

Desde 2004 hasta la actualidad 11 provincias argentinas tuvieron leyes de elecciones primarias, abiertas, simultáneas y obligatorias (PASO) y las aplicaron al menos una vez. Su creación buscó democratizar la selección de candidaturas a partir de incorporar elecciones primarias obligatorias para los partidos políticos y para el electorado. Esta herramienta fue criticada debido a que los partidos políticos priorizaron el acuerdo de listas únicas, cumpliendo con la obligatoriedad de la norma, pero incumpliendo su objetivo principal. En este artículo se indaga en los factores que inciden en las estrategias de acuerdos o disputas en los partidos políticos y sus alianzas a partir de la medición de la cantidad de listas internas presentadas en las PASO. Para llevar a cabo el análisis se realizó un estudio observacional analizando las estrategias de las principales fuerzas partidarias en 11 provincias argentinas. Se estudiaron tres variables político-institucionales: la reelección del gobernador o de la gobernadora; el calendario electoral; y el oficialismo vs. la oposición. Los resultados arrojaron que cuando el gobernador o gobernadora no compite por la reelección y el calendario electoral provincial se encuentra desdoblado del nacional, son mayores las probabilidades de disputa interna entre más de una lista. Asimismo, formar parte de la oposición no constituye un factor determinante para tener una disputa interna entre dos o más listas en las PASO.
An Analysis of Challenges Facing Smallholder Crop Farmers and Informal Food Traders in the Agri-Food Value Chain in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Msomi L. , Zenda M.
Published: May 2024

The study's main objective was to investigate the challenges faced by smallholder crop farmers and informal food traders in the agri-food value chain in Gauteng province. A sample of 32 smallholder crop farmers and 32 informal food traders was gathered using questionnaire surveys. The different challenges identified have negatively influenced the progress and development of these actors. For example, COVID-19 lockdown regulations have destroyed the trading jobs of informal food traders, directly affecting smallholder crop farmers' income. This was because informal food traders were identified as the major customers for smallholder crop farmers, as indicated by the study data. Other challenges faced by smallholder crop farmers included a small amount of arable land, lack of grower schemes, regulatory barriers, lack of agricultural management skills and extension services, and lack of credit facilities and resources. As part of the recommendations for the smallholder crop farmers, it was proposed that the Department of Agriculture Land Reform and Rural Development should improve policies on the reaction and management of shocks like COVID-19 in the economy to protect the vulnerable groups in society. Additional recommendations included addressing gender disparity in the smallholder crop farming sector as males dominated the agricultural sector; introducing easy eligibility criteria for micro-loan applications by DFIs to enable smallholder crop farmers to access loans; and the proposal for extensive arable land to aid smallholder crop farmers to expand and grow in their business trajectory. For the informal food traders, it was recommended that the municipal authority improve the by-laws that govern how informal food traders are treated.
Continued care and provision of glasses are necessary to improve visual and academic outcomes in children: Experience from a cluster-randomized controlled trial of school-based vision screening
Authors: Nishimura Mayu , Wong Agnes , Maurer Daphne
Published: May 2024

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of a kindergarten vision screening program by randomly assigning schools to receive or not receive vision screening, then following up 1.5 years later.

Methods

Fifty high-needs elementary schools were randomly assigned to participate or not in a vision screening program for children in senior kindergarten (SK; age 5‒6 years). When the children were in Grade 2 (age 6‒7 years), vision screening was conducted at all 50 schools.

Results

Contrary to expectations, screened and non-screened schools did not differ in the prevalence of suspected amblyopia in Grade 2 (8.6% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.10), nor prevalence of other visual problems such as astigmatism (45.1% vs. 47.1%, p = 0.51). There was also no difference between screened and non-screened schools in academic outcomes such as the proportion of children below grade level in reading (33% vs. 29%) or math (44% vs. 38%) (p = 0.86). However, more children were wearing glasses in screened than in non-screened schools (10.2% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.05), and more children reported their glasses as missing or broken (8.3% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.01), suggesting that SK screening had identified successfully those in need of glasses. Examination of individual results revealed that 72% of children diagnosed and treated for amblyopia in SK no longer had amblyopia in Grade 2.

Conclusion

The prevalence of amblyopia and other visual problems was not reduced in Grade 2 by our SK vision screening program, perhaps because of poor treatment compliance and high attrition. The results suggest that a single screening intervention is insufficient to reduce visual problems among young children. However, the data from individuals with amblyopia suggest that continuing vision care and access to glasses benefits children, especially children from lower socioeconomic class.
Espaços de Consumo Contemporâneos: quando o marketing substitui o planejamento urbano
Authors: Bezerra Maria do Carmo de L. , Lima Laysa Abchiche
Published: May 2024

O marketing urbano vem se constituindo em uma técnica urbanística de inserção das cidades nos espaços de consumo global, para tanto se valem de um conjunto com projetos urbanos emblemáticos quase sempre dentro de um modelo de gestão de parcerias público-privadas. A organização de grandes eventos internacionais são as motivações que levam as cidades a competirem entre si valendo-se de um discurso de impulsionar seus desenvolvimentos. O artigo discute as relações entre o marketing e o planejamento urbano e os reflexos diferenciados entre os legados advindos desse modelo entre cidades do norte global e aquelas de urbanização desigual como as brasileiras. Para demostrar o que se aponta no plano teórico se discute a título de exemplo a operação urbanística do “Porto Maravilha” no Rio de Janeiro vis a vis ao emblemático caso de Barcelona. Como resultado se conclui que nem tudo que é bom para Barcelona é bom para o Rio de Janeiro.
Características del abdomen agudo quirúrgico gineco-obstétrico en un hospital público de Paraguay (2015-2020)
Authors: Rojas López Fátima del Rocío , Velázquez González Celso
Published: May 2024

Introducción: El abdomen agudo gineco-obstétrico es uno de los problemas más desafiantes en la práctica médica y en algunas situaciones pone en peligro la vida de las pacientes. Objetivo: Determinar las características del abdomen agudo quirúrgico gineco-obstétrico en el Hospital Regional de Ciudad del Este durante el periodo 2015 al 2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, con muestreo no probabilístico; que incluyó pacientes con cuadro de abdomen agudo quirúrgico que ingresaron al servicio de gineco-obstetricia durante el periodo comprendido desde 1 de octubre del año 2015 hasta 30 de setiembre del año 2020. Datos sociodemográficos, causas gineco-obstétricas, diagnósticos etiológicos, complicaciones, condiciones al egreso se tuvieron en cuenta. Los datos fueron analizados en el software Stata 12.0®. Resultados: Se estudiaron a 375 pacientes, 55% presentan edades comprendidas entre 20 a 35 años y procedente de zona urbana en un 84%. Se evidenciaron que el 51% fueron de causa obstétrica, el 40% ginecológico y el 9% de causas no gineco-obstétricas. El embarazo ectópico complicado fue del 46% de los casos. El 38% de las complicaciones presentaron sepsis y el 35% shock hipovolémico. Las complicaciones quirúrgicas en el puerperio se registraron que la endometritis/peritonitis fue del 47% y dehiscencia de histerorrafia/absceso de pared con 33%. El 7% de las pacientes fueron derivadas a unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión: El abdomen agudo quirúrgico gineco-obstétrico es más frecuente en edades medias, predomina las causas obstétricas. De entre las etiologías, el embarazo ectópico es la más frecuente. Entre las causas obstétricas de las gestantes con fetos viables sigue siendo la apendicitis aguda. El cuadro séptico y el shock hipovolémico predominan entre las complicaciones. En el puerperio la endometritis y peritonitis. Y, por último, se registraron un porcentaje considerado de requerimiento de cuidados intensivos.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre educación y autocuidado de los pies en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus que reciben atención multidisciplinaria
Authors: López Ovelar Helen , Careaga María Lorena , Quiñonez Leticia , Soto Sandra , Aparicio Rocío , Romero Fabiola , Galiana Rodriguez María , Céspedes Olga , Valinotti Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Introducción: Educación y autocuidado son pilares en el tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus (DM) y prevención de complicaciones como la enfermedad del pie relacionada a la diabetes (EPRD). Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de DM y el autocuidado de los pies en pacientes con DM tipo 2. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, prospectivo, corte transversal; realizado en pacientes adultos con DM tipo 2, que acudieron a consulta endocrinológica y podológica en Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social, en un periodo de 9 meses, desde setiembre 2022 a junio 2023. Tras al menos 2 consultas en cada especialidad, se solicitó el llenado de los cuestionarios DKQ24 y APD-UMA para evaluar conocimiento sobre DM y autocuidado de los pies respectivamente. Resultados: Se incluyó a 103 pacientes, 57% mujeres, 63±11 años de Diabetes, 14±8,45; 29% educación primaria, índice de masa corporal 30,56±5,31, hipertensión arterial 83,5%, 11,6% tabaquistas, retinopatía 35,9%, pérdida de la sensibilidad protectora (PSP) en pies 53,4%, enfermedad arterial periférica 20,4%, deformidades 49,5% y lesiones previas 27,2% en pies; amputación menor 2,9%, amputación mayor 1 %. HBA1c media 8% (±1,3), clearence de creatininia 78,2 mg/dL/m2 (±21,42). Niveles de conocimiento: bueno 68 (66%), regular 34 (33%) y escasos 1(1%). Autocuidado de los pies: promedio de respuestas entre muy adecuadas y adecuadas: 87,4 (84,8%), regular: 9,4 (9,2%); entre inadecuadas y muy inadecuadas 7 (6,8%). Conclusión: Los pacientes con DM2 que acuden a consulta multidisciplinaria tienen un alto conocimiento sobre su patología y autocuidado de los pies, lo que ayudaría a la prevención de complicaciones, teniendo en cuenta que son un grupo de riesgo para EPRD.
Guía de práctica clínica para el tratamiento y seguimiento de personas con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides. Parte I: Vigilancia activa
Authors: Romero Gómez Fabiola , Galiana Rodríguez María , Escurra Sánchez Clara , Cabrera Natalia , Cárdenas Aguilera Juan Guillermo , Chacón Acevedo Kelly , Valinotti Delmás Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Introducción: El cáncer de tiroides es una enfermedad frecuente en el mundo, con mayor prevalencia del tipo diferenciado. El diagnóstico temprano y manejo pertinente, individualizado y adaptable puede mejorar su pronóstico. Objetivo: Generar recomendaciones basadas en evidencia sobre el tratamiento y seguimiento de personas adultas con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides (CDT). Metodología: Guía de práctica clínica (GPC) a partir de revisión sistemática de literatura (RSL) y consenso de expertos clínicos. El grupo desarrollador definió el alcance y cuatro preguntas que se resolvieron a través de revisión de evidencia de GPC existentes, RSL, estudios primarios publicadas en español o inglés en diferentes fuentes de información desde 2013. Las preguntas de investigación fueron: 1. ¿Cuáles son las indicaciones de la vigilancia activa?, ¿cómo realizarla?, ¿cuándo y con que periodicidad realizarla? 2. ¿Cuál es el tratamiento y su indicación en pacientes con nódulos tiroideos sospechosos de cáncer? 3. ¿Cómo y cuándo realizar seguimiento de pacientes con CDT de acuerdo con el riesgo dinámico? 4. ¿Cuál es el manejo actual de los pacientes iodo refractarios? Se propusieron recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia, y analizadas y discutidas por el colectivo experto en sesiones asincrónicas. Se evalúo la calidad de la evidencia y las recomendaciones fueron gradadas en fuerte o condicional y a favor o en contra a partir del análisis de la calidad de la evidencia, contexto de implementación (disponibilidad e implementación) y la experticia clínica. En el presente documento se desarrollada la primera pregunta, referente a vigilancia activa. Resultados: 86 recomendaciones fueron propuestas y acordadas por el grupo desarrollador, categorizadas en tratamiento y seguimiento para resolver las preguntas planteadas. 10 de las recomendaciones corresponden a vigilancia activa y se incluyen en el presente documento. Recomendaciones claves incluyen, brindar información completa y oportuna a pacientes, conformación de equipos multidisciplinarios, análisis individualizado del paciente para la decisión de tratamiento, estadificación rutinaria de riesgo dinámico para evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento y ajustarlo, minimización de procedimientos fútiles o que aportan poco a la supervivencia y calidad de vida de los pacientes. Conclusión: Se presentan recomendaciones que esperan incidir en la estandarización de la práctica clínica cotidiana de pacientes con CDT y mejores resultados en salud.
Study endoscopic and colonoscopy findings in children under 16 years of age with gastrointestinal bleeding from 2018 to 2021
Authors: Ajri Khamesloo Faramarz , Mardi Ali , Kamran Aziz , Pourasghar Abdolvahid
Published: May 2024

Background: One of the most common reasons for Children to visit clinics is gastrointestinal issues in which endoscopic studies are used occasionally to investigate it’s etiology more accurately. GI bleeding eventhough uncommon in children, can be life threatening. The aim of this study was to study endoscopic and colonoscopic findings in children with GI bleeding.
Methods: This descriptive analytical study was done on 73 children under 16 years in Ardabil with the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. A checklist including demographic and treatment information of patients like severity of bleeding, bleeding type (melena, hematochezia, occult blood), laboratory results (hemoglobin, hematocrit) and clinical findings (abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, ETC), endoscopic and colonoscopic results were collected and then analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 21.
Results: Total 38 cases (52.1%) were gone under upper endoscopy and 35 cases (47/9%) were gone under colonoscopy. The most common indications for upper endoscopy was GI bleeding (76.3%) and the most common involved anatomical part was lower portion of esophagus (44.7%). The most common indication for colonoscopy was recurrent abdominal pain (62.9%). Pathologic cases were often seen in sigmoid, rectum and anus (52/8%). The most common colonoscopic findings were nodular hyperplasia (25/7%) and solitary nodule (20%).
Conclusions: Results of study showed that, the frequency of endoscopic evaluation has been significantly lower in female children. According to the most common indications for upper and lower endoscopy, it is important to consider the frequency pattern of indications for endoscopic study.
Riding under the influence: unravelling substance abuse patterns among motorcyclists in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Anigwe Francis Chibuike , Mbanuzuru Ahoma Victor , Obi-Okaro Alphonsus Chukwuemeka , Edeh Gabriel Chidera , Awugosi Michael Chukwuebuka , Akwuobi Glory Uchenna , Emmanuel Samuel Ifeanyi , Ugwuanozie Chioma Faustina , Anisiobi Promise Ugochukwu
Published: May 2024

Background: Drug and substance abuse has been outlined as a worldwide problem that is wreaking havoc on both social and public health across many nations. It is a global problem that affects both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess substance abuse among Okada riders in Nnewi, Anambra State, Eastern Nigeria.
Methods: Drug and substance abuse has been outlined as a worldwide problem that is wreaking havoc on both social and public health across many nations. It is a global problem that affects both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess substance abuse among Okada riders in Nnewi, Anambra State, Eastern Nigeria.
Results: About 221 Okada riders were assessed. Majority of them were middle aged. The mean age of the respondents were 39.5±11.1 years, with a range of 19-65 years. About 100% of the respondents were aware of substance abuse. Overall 73.3% of the respondents abuse at least a substance, with alcohol recording the highest use with 93.8% prevalence. About 77.2% of the abusers have taken these drugs before driving, and 65.2% have been involved in an accident, however only 5.4% admitted it was as a result of substance used.
Conclusions: The prevalence of substances use among Okada riders in Nnewi was high. There was however a high awareness of the negative consequences of use of substance. Non-governmental organizations should target Okada riders for interpersonal communication interventions to help mitigate the use of substances.
Cataract surgery in leprosy patients: visual outcomes and complications
Authors: Tabassum Shazia , Kumari Manisha , Kujur Alina , Lakra Marianus Deepak
Published: May 2024

Background: Objective of study was to study the outcome of cataract surgery in terms of visual results and intra and postoperative complications in case of leprosy patient.
Methods: The study analyzed all new cataract cases with leprosy at the outpatient unit, including patients cured of leprosy with senile or complicated cataracts but excluding those with corneal or retinal issues. Small incision cataract surgery was performed, with outcomes and complications assessed. Data collection and analysis utilized descriptive statistics. Follow-ups occurred at discharge and 1-, 4-, and 12-weeks post-surgery, revealing visual acuity ranging from good (6/6-6/18) to poor (<6/60).
Results: The study involved 117 eyes from 98 patients (55 males, 43 females, ages 30-89). Pre-surgery, visual acuity was good in 6 eyes (5.12%), borderline in 29 (24.78%), and poor in 82 (70.08%). Post-surgery, 78 eyes (66.67%) had good, 25 (21.37%) borderline, and 10 (8.55%) poor visual acuity. At 12 weeks, 91.14% had good, 5.9% borderline, and 2.95% poor acuity. Common intraoperative issues included posterior capsular rupture in 8 eyes (6.84%), cortical matter loss in 4, iris prolapse in 2, and zonular dehiscence in 1. Early postoperative complications were iridocyclitis in 11 eyes (9.4%) and hyphema in 7 (5.98%), with late complications like chronic anterior uveitis, corneal decompensation, and choroidal detachment occurring in 3 and 2 eyes respectively.
Conclusions: Visual outcome was good and the rates of intra and post-operative complications were minimal in our study. Functional vision can be achieved with timely surgical intervention.
Diabetes mellitus and odontogenic infections: a life threatening combination in Ludwig's angina
Authors: Kumari Anjana , Maan Arvinder Singh , Singh Satinderpal , Saran Simerpreet Kaur
Published: May 2024

Background: The present study was a prospective study which was aimed to assess the risk factors, microbiological profile, management strategies of Ludwig’s angina patients and its association with odontogenic infections and diabetes mellitus.
Methods: The study population consisted of 40 patients of Ludwig’s angina those presented to and were managed in the department of ENT, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India, from January 2022 to May 2023. All the patients exhibiting clinical symptoms and signs of Ludwig’s angina were examined and a detailed history of the duration of each symptom, present and past illness, dental infection, throat infection, diabetes mellitus was taken.
Results: It was observed that in 85% cases of Ludwig’s angina history of dental infection was present. History of diabetes mellitus was present in 50% cases followed by tooth extraction (10%). Streptococcus viridans was found in 22.5% patients, Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%) and no growth was seen in 52.5% cases. Major co-morbidity was diabetes mellitus (50%), followed by HIV and HCV infections in 15% patients. Surgical drainage was performed in 90% cases including tracheostomy in 12.5% cases rest 10% patients were treated medically.
Conclusions: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, delayed treatment of odontogenic infection complicates the management of Ludwig’s angina and leads to life threatening complications. Ludwig’s angina should be actively treated as a surgical and medical emergency in which incision and drainage is required as early as possible. Tracheostomy should be considered as an emergency measure to relieve the respiratory obstruction.
A study to assess the effectiveness of clinical teaching on the level of knowledge regarding nursing care bundle to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia among ICU nursing officers at AIIMS Bhopal
Authors: Verma Ranjana , Phalswal Uma , Joseph Sneha , Nanhelal Yadav Pooja , Kumari Shalu , . Sharda , Kumari Sapna , Kumari Seema , Rani Guriya
Published: May 2024

Background: Healthcare is a professional area bound to the ethical foundation of “do no harm.”, But in the current scenario, a rush to promote the curative scenario has led to the total downplay of the preventive aspect of care. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge regarding nursing care bundle for the prevention of VAP among nursing officers before and after clinical teaching and to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical teaching.
Methods: This pretest-post-test study was conducted on nursing officers working in the ICU of the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. 100 nursing officers were enrolled in the study via convenience sampling technique. The self-structured tool was validated by 10 experts with a mean CVI value of 0.94. The reliability of the self-structured knowledge questionnaire was determined by the test-retest method and found to be 0.87. The collected data was analysed for frequency, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and association.
Results: Findings showed that the mean knowledge score was 18.46±3.543 before intervention. After the intervention of video-assisted clinical teaching, a post-test was conducted, and the mean post-test knowledge scores was 25.07±2.801 at the p value <0.01. Knowledge of subjects about nursing care bundle for prevention of VAP was found to have a significant association with only educational qualification.
Conclusions: This study's findings concluded that educational interventions are necessary for the enhancement of knowledge and better compliance of nursing officers with guidelines regarding the bundle of care for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
A comparative study between intrathecal fentanyl and intrathecal buprenorphine as adjuvants to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in females undergoing lower segment caesarean section under spinal anesthesia: a randomized and double blinded study
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Brati , Singh Sanasam S. , . Niroo , Kobing Subu , Xavier Antony , K. Vigneshwaravibhava
Published: May 2024

Background: Double blinded study involving intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine (1.5 ml) with adjuvants as Fentanyl and Buprenorphine
Methods: Sixty-six females posted for lower segment caesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomized into two groups-A and B. Group A received 1.5 ml of hyperbaric Bupivacaine and 0.5 ml (75 µg) of Buprenorphine. Group B received 1.5 ml of hyperbaric Bupivacaine and 0.5 ml (25µg) of Fentanyl. Sensory blockade, motor blockade and duration of analgesia were evaluated. Randomization was done using randomization.com program with GraphPad Quick Cals. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics version 28 software.
Results: There is no statistical difference in the demographic profiles of both groups. Duration of analgesia(minutes) in group A=255.37±34.63 and in group B=175.43±23.58 with p<0.001.
Conclusions: A significant drop in mean arterial pressure in both groups from preoperative values throughout surgery, (p<0.05) with the exception of MAP at 50 minutes in B (p=0.139). A significant increase in heart rate at 2 and 4 minutes in group A when compared with baseline HR (p<0.05). In group B, a significant increase only at 2 minutes post spinal anesthesia, p=0.002. Forty-three patients had hypotension (28 vs. 15), p=0.008. Nausea is higher in Group A than B (26 vs. 4). The difference in sensory level of blockade is statistically insignificant, p=0.62. The difference in time of onset of motor blockade of Bromage score 1 was statistically insignificant, p=0.093. Duration of analgesia (minutes) in group A=255.37±34.63 and in group B=175.43±23.58 with p<0.001.
Outcome of substitutional urethroplasty by using dorsal onlay buccal mucosal graft: our experience of 10 years
Authors: Maurya Aklesh K. , Yadav Anand K. , Kumar Pankaj , Pandey Ram K. , Singh Ashish K.
Published: May 2024

Background: The term urethral stricture is anterior urethral disease, or a scarring process involving the spongy erectile tissue of the corpus spongiosum.
Methods: Total 127 patients were included in the study. Patient selection criteria for urethroplasty by using buccal mucosal graft was length of stricture more than 2 cm, deep spongiofibrosis, failed optical urethrotomy for 3 times, adequate oral hygiene and proper buccal mucosa.
Results: Length of stricture varied from 3.2 to 14 cm. In first postoperative week, 20.47% (n=26) patients developed minor wound infection culture negative seroma formation in stitch line in the skin. Donor site complications like eating and drinking difficulty, dysguesia, pain, sensitivity, speaking disorders were not found in any patient while oral tightness was noted in 43.30% (n=55) of patients. On postoperative follow-up mean peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) was 28.0 ml/sec (range 20.0-30.6 ml/sec). After a mean follow-up of 8.8 months range (1 month to 33 months) overall success rate was 90.55% (n=115).
Conclusions: Buccal mucosa is an excellent graft material for substitution free graft urethroplasty in case of long anterior urethral stricture with excellent success rate. Success rate of dorsal onlay substitution free buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty is affected by length of stricture and aetiology of strictures. Lichen sclerosus having moderate success rate of urethroplasty and higher rate of complication and failure rate in 1-stage buccal mucosal urethroplasty and can be considered for two stage urethroplasty in case of very long stricture of anterior urethra of lichen sclerosus origin.
Potential effect of metformin and vildagliptin against isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats
Authors: S. Shoba , T. Jeeva , J. Lokesh , M. Narmatha , E. Nithyasri , Kannan A. Rohith
Published: May 2024

Background: Metformin and vildagliptin both are anti-diabetic agent and they play an important role in diabetic patients as they reduce blood glucose levels. Studies revealed that both metformin and vildagliptin has the ability to promote beta cell neogenesis and regeneration. So, our study was planned to explore the hepatoprotective potential of metformin and vildagliptin in Wistar albino rats exposed to isoniazid (INH) induced hepatotoxicity.
Methods: Wistar albino rats weighing 150-180 g were obtained from Mass Biotech, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu. The animals were divided into 6 groups (n=6) and further treated orally against INH-induced hepatotoxicity except normal control group. group 1: normal control, group 2: INH, group 3: metformin+INH, group 4: vildagliptin+INH, group 5: metformin amd vildagliptin+INH, group 6: silymarin.
Results: In the present study, INH was administered for 21 days to induce liver damage to rats except normal group. Each group was treated with metformin, vildagliptin, (metformin+vildagliptin) combination and silymarin half an hour before INH challenge. On the 22nd day the blood samples were collected to estimate the AST and ALT levels. Immediately after blood collection the animals were sacrificed, the livers were removed and kept in 10% formalin for histopathological examination.
Conclusions: The study found that metformin, vildagliptin, and their combination showed hepatoprotective activity against INH-induced hepatotoxicity. The combination of metformin+vildagliptin was the most effective. Metformin reduces oxidative stress, while vildagliptin balances pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant levels, contributing to their hepatoprotective effects. This suggests their potential usefulness in drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Comparison of temporal-spatial gait parameter in patients with osteoarthritis knee: an observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Rastogi Aavrati , Kalia Roop B. , Singh Vivek
Published: May 2024

Background: Osteoarthritis knee (OA) symptoms, including pain, joint stiffness, reduced joint movement, and muscle strength, can affect gait kinetics, kinematics, and temporal-spatial characteristics. Spatial-temporal gait parameters are useful for assessing and identifying clinically significant changes in an individual's gait patterns and helps in rehabilitation.
Methods: In this study 108 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis knee according to EULAR classification knee OA were included in study. Age, gender and BMI were recorded for pain and function WOMAC Score was used, gait analysis was done to evaluate difference in temporo-spatial gait parameters between OA knee patients with KL grade 2 and 3.
Results: A total of 108 patients with osteoarthritis knee were enrolled, including 40 men and 68 women. Total mean age was 55.92±9.05 years with P-value <0.05, and their average BMI was 27.24 kg/m2. Total WOMAC score mean 29.3±1.03. Mean WOMAC scores for pain 4.57±3.26, stiffness 2.60±0.12, function score 22.20±7.55 respectively. There was no significance difference between KL grade II and III including gender in temporal spatial gait parameters.
Conclusions: This study suggests there is no significant difference in temporal-spatial gait parameters between Kl grade 2 and 3. Potential confounders including age, gender, BMI disease severity did not alter magnitude, although 95% CI.
Assessment of knowledge and attitude on breast self-examination among female college students at Adichuchanagiri University
Authors: D. R. Thanushree , B. Chanadana , M. Kumaraswamy
Published: May 2024

Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is a preventive and easy way for people to keep an eye on the health of their breasts. People who routinely examine their breasts may be able to identify changes or abnormalities at an early stage, which may help in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. This self-care routine encourages an active approach to breast health and actively participate in their own well-being. Objectives of the study were assessment of the knowledge and attitude on breast self-examination among female college students, to assess the major barrier to perform breast self-examination, and to assess the impact of pharmacist mediated education program on breast cancer.
Methods: This study is an interventional cross-sectional community based-survey. 1007 students’ female college students at Adichuchanagiri University in B. G. Nagar belonging to 18-33 years were chosen at random using stratified sampling. Knowledge, attitude on breast cancer. Data was analyzed using statistical package for the social science (SPSS) version 25.
Results: In pre-test out of 1007 students 251 students had good knowledge about breast self-examination. In post-test 1006 members had good knowledge about breast self-examination. In our study statistical relation found between pre and post questionnaires (p=0.001).
Conclusions: The study emphasizes how important it is to launch educational programs to increase awareness of breast self-examination. Additionally, awareness needs to be raised by removing known barriers. It is important to encourage women in the community to self-examine their breasts and to report any changes to a doctor as soon as possible.
Normative values of neck muscle strength in adult population of Delhi NCR region
Authors: Bisht Shivani , Chaudhuri Sharmila , Thangaraj M. , Ram C. S.
Published: May 2024

Background: The neck pain is common problem in the adult population. Neck muscles have the potential to regulate the neck movement and to maintain its physiological functions and hence should have a quantitative value for strength. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neck muscle strength which would be used as a reference in the analysis of neck pain. Further aim of this study was to analyze the effect of age, weight, height, gender, body mass index (BMI) on muscle strength.
Methods: This study was an observational study conducted at physiotherapy department of I. T. S. Institute of Health and Allied Sciences from 23 September 2023 to 24 February 2024.The study comprised 1200 participants, both male and female, in the age group of 21 to 50 years old. Isometric strength measurements for several neck muscles were made using a handheld dynamometer after ethical approval. Normative strength values were calculated, and multivariate analysis was performed to conclude the effect of age, weight, height, gender and BMI on neck muscle strength. Data analysis was calculated using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0.
Results: Males are at lower risk than females to develop neck pain as males are having more strength than females in all age groups. Weight and age were positively associated with muscle strength (p<0.5). Height and BMI showed no significant correlation to muscle strength (p>0.5).
Conclusions: This research provides the normative ranges of neck muscle strength in the adult population that will serve as a baseline and aid in prevention, maintenance and treatment of neck pain. It provides the standard for the clinician to compare the muscle strength of different age groups and unaffected.
Decoding pituitary tumors: a systematic analysis of diagnostic methods and treatment modalities
Authors: Bandari Pruthvi , R. K. Rosheni , Gowda Medhini H. , Anwitha Gangineni Sri Sai , M. Kumaraswamy , K. S. Surabhi
Published: May 2024

Pituitary tumors are growths that form in the gland these tumors are rare representing 10-15% of all brain tumors. They can disrupt the production of hormones, in the body leading to symptoms related to hormone imbalance. This review offers an overview of the methods used for diagnosing and treating tumors. It is worth noting that relying solely on references may restrict the scope and depth of discussions about tumors in this paper. Suggestions for research include exploring diagnostic tools like molecular imaging and liquid biopsy to enhance early detection and accurate assessment of these tumors. Additionally, more research is required to understand the long-term effects and quality of life outcomes for patients undergoing treatment options for tumors. In conclusion, significant progress has been made in diagnosing and treating tumors over time. Advances in imaging technologies such as diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy have enhanced precision and treatment strategies for these tumors. The discussion also covers the roles of surgery, radiation therapy and medical interventions, in managing tumor growth and hormonal imbalances further advancements, in research and innovation are crucial, for enhancing our knowledge and treatment of tumors ultimately bringing outcomes for both patients and healthcare professionals.
Surgical resection of giant pleural solitary fibrous tumor: a case report
Authors: Alrefai Mohammed A. , Mirza Maryam , Alhumud Abdullah A. , Almatrudi Mazen , Alqahtany Leen Y. , Alkurdi Abdullah A.
Published: May 2024

Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTP) are uncommon neoplasms. We present the case of a 73-year-old male diagnosed with SFTP, exhibiting two masses measuring 20×18 cm and 9×8 cm in diameter, resulting in a notable cardio mediastinal shift towards the right side. The patient underwent successful surgical resection without experiencing any postoperative complications and was discharged in favorable condition. Although complete resection diminishes the risk of recurrence in both malignant and benign SFTP cases, long-term follow-up is necessary.
Subcapsular hepatic hematoma post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a case report and literature review
Authors: Amador Olga E. , Garcia Gabriel Gutierrez , Gutierrez Miguel Angel Echeverry
Published: May 2024

A 23-year-old female with a history of long-standing obesity, recently was diagnosed with cholelithiasis, along with a 15 day development of jaundice. An ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) was performed, during which resulted an unsuccessful sphincterotomy, this was followed by placing a 7-centimeter, 10 French Amsterdam-type stent, subsequently she experienced sudden abdominal pain, and a CT scan revealed a subcapsular hepatic hematoma, which required surgical management. The objective was to describe a clinical case of subcapsular hepatic hematoma, clinical presentation, and therapeutic conduct. The treatment of subcapsular hepatic hematoma will depend on the patient's hemodynamic stability. However, survival is uncertain due to its rarity, making it crucial to recognize its early signs and symptoms and act promptly.
Effective endovascular reconstruction using multiple leo stents and silk flow-diverting stents for asymptomatic extracranial internal carotid artery
Authors: Santoso Gamaliel Wibowo , Usman Fritz Sumantri
Published: May 2024

Extracranial carotid artery dissection (ECAD), although infrequent, represents the predominant form of artery dissection within the brain. It accounts for 25% of young-onset ischemic strokes in adults. Its atypical presentation and limited availability of high-quality evidence underscore the importance of precision medicine in its management. This study aimed to illustrate a combined approach utilizing multiple scaffolding Leo stents and Silk flow-diverting stents to manage asymptomatic ECAD a week after the onset of acute ischemic stroke. A 40-year old Indian male with uncontrolled hypertension was admitted due to acute vestibular syndrome. His brain computed tomography (CT) scan showed cerebellar infarct. However, his angiographic cervical CT scan showed asymptomatic ECAD, which was confirmed with digital subtraction angiography. He was therefore managed with optimal antihypertensive agents and dual antiplatelet. The endovascular reconstruction procedure initiated one week after the onset of stroke by employing one scaffolding Leo stent and one Silk flow-diverting stent at his right internal carotid artery. He was discharged three days following the endovascular procedure and presented no complications until three-month follow-up. This safe approach could be considered for individuals with ECAD to help prevent secondary strokes, particularly among those in the productive age group.
Orogenital ulcers and the Behcet’s disease
Authors: Nagabhushanarao Bhavana V. , Narmada Vatti , Nageswararao Boddapati , Kumar Kolavennu S.
Published: May 2024

Behcet’s’s disease is a systemic vasculitis involving small to large veins and arteries. It is a sporadic disease, mostly prevalent among the ancestors of the silk route. It is characterized by recurrent oral ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis. It also can manifest as skin, vascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiac, and renal involvement. Though overall mortality is around 5%, delay in diagnosis and treatment may lead to significant morbidity. Cardiovascular and pulmonary arterial aneurysms are dreadful complications of this disease. Being uncommon in south India it is liable to be wrongly diagnosed and treated. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment may lead to severe complications. Here we present a case of Behcet’s disease which was managed at primary health care inadequately. We also demonstrated a quick response to steroids which are the mainstay of treatment. In this case presentation we illustrated pre and post treatment scrotal and oral Behcet’s’s lesions for clinicians to memorize. We also discussed international criteria to diagnose Behcet’s disease (ICBD) in concurrence with our case. In this presentation, we briefly described the involvement of other systems and their treatment. This article also elaborated on the latest developments in the treatment of Behcet’s disease.
Impact of dysmenorrhea on urban school girls in Tanzania: the need for a comprehensive menstrual health management guideline
Authors: H. Chuwa Agapiti
Published: May 2024

Background: Menstrual health management is poorly understood by school girls in most low-income countries. Water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities are essential for the proper management of menstruation. Dysmenorrhea should also be considered. The current study investigated knowledge of menstrual hygiene and the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among school girls in a city in Southern Highland Tanzania.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mbeya city in the southern highlands of Tanzania. 292 high school girls were randomly selected from three schools. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. The data were initially entered into the computer using Epi-info version 3.5.1 and later exported to SPSS for Windows version 20.0 for analysis. Multivariate analyses were performed with a 95% confidence interval. The significance level was set at p≤0.05.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 18.02±1.34 years. 68.49% had a good knowledge of menstrual hygiene (mean knowledge level; 64.64±9.13%) and 91.78% had good menstrual hygiene practices (mean score; 89.32±13.7%). Delayed age of menarche and years of menstruation were associated with good menstrual practices, OR; 3.94, 95% CI 1.49-10.72, p=0.006. 56.5% reported having moderate to severe menstrual pain.
Conclusions: Most participants had good knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene, however, the level of knowledge was lower than practice. The majority suffer from unbearable menstrual cramps that adversely affect their studies. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive guideline for menstrual health management in schools that takes into account knowledge, practice, and pain management.