bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extractability of carcinogenic toxins in brewed beverages (tea) a study by hyphenated plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Pillay Avin , Stephen Sasi , Manuel Johnson
Published: July 2024

Beryllium (Be) and arsenic (As) are noted for their potential carcinogenicity, and their elemental distribution in brewed teas was the subject of investigation. A study of this nature, where carcinogens are extracted by boiling, is underexplored. The study focused on brewed beverages and the experimentally determined concentrations were thus compared with drinking water levels. Tea is a favourite drink, is consumed several times a day and toxins could bio-accumulate in the body. Appreciable concentrations of carcinogens could therefore, affect the human body and restorative measures could be adopted to minimize such toxins in tea leaves. Eight brands of tea samples were procured and investigated for carcinogens after brewing in ultrapure Millipore water. Hyphenated plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was deployed to probe the levels of the elements of interest. The operation of the instrument was certified with reference standards. Aberrations in performance were reset by use of an internal standard. Beryllium levels occurred in the range 0.5-1.5 Î¼g/L; As concentrations were between 1-3 Î¼g/L. The distribution of the selected elements is discussed. These carcinogens could emerge from the ground and from the agricultural water used to cultivate the tea leaves, or alternatively, from the manufacturing processes associated with their production. It could be feasible to deploy the data to identify or â€œfingerprintâ€ the country or region of origin of the corresponding tea sample. This study could definitely be considered a source of reference data, and could add to the growing knowledge on sustainable development.Â Â Â
Studying the effect of alumina on the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy prepared from waste using powder metallurgy
Authors: Hussien Omran Salman , H. Ali Moaz , Mohsen Mottar Al-Masoudy Murtadha , Abed Hajer Muatamed
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, there is an increasing request worldwide for the advanced materials so as to get the preferred properties. This is for the reason that a particular material normally cannot meet the requirement of severe engineering environment that is why the need for composites arises. Metal matrix composite is a- main class of materials with high potential for structural applications needing high specific modulus, strength and toughness. Metal matrix composites with unique properties are growing every day and widely used in different industries because of their high mechanical properties and wear resistance. The mechanical and physical tests carried out in this work involve hardness, wear rate, microstructure, and XRD. The results showed that there was an improvement in mechanical properties of the composite which was achieved by adding ceramic reinforcement phase. In comparison with the base metal.Â Â Â
Optimization of water usage at irrigation area of pakis-malang regency-Indonesia by using linear programming
Authors: Montarcih Limantara Lily , Bisri Mohammad , Fajrianto Rizq
Published: July 2024

Irrigation area of Pakis-Malang Regency-East Java Province of Indonesia has water deficit mainly in dry season. This study intended to analyze the optimization of water usage by using linear programming. The optimization is regarding to the existing condition cropping pattern and the other four alternatives of the new ones. Method of water balance was used for comparing irrigation water requirement in every cropping pattern and water availibility. Result showed that the 51% of dependable discharge represented the available discharge in irrigation area of Pakis during the 10 last years (from 2006 until 2015). For this condition discharge, the suitable cropping pattern is the existing one with the cropping intensity in one year is as 252.756% and the benefit of agricultural yields is Rp. 45,734,799,598.Â
Classification of electronic oscilla-tors
Authors: Stojce Ilcev Dimov
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces main types of electronic oscillators as devices that in general convert energy from a direct-current source to a peri-odically varying electric output. Oscillators take two general forms: First, stand-alone benchtop units designed for electronic testing and measurement and Second, circuits integrated to other devices and many electronic circuits, such as radio receivers, transmitters, sciences, music, broadcasting, medical diagnosis, computing and other devices.Â
Survival analysis on heart transplantation patients of different ages using Bayesian survival techniques
Authors: Raj Jishnu , Roseline Mary R .
Published: July 2024

This study focuses to find the survival chances of the heart transplant patient using different survival analysis. The results are later compared with the survival analysis to check the accuracy. The age-based estimation of survival analysis is also performed. The research carried out using Bayesian Survival analysis with survregbayes, anovaDDP and Kaplan Meir methods for survival analysis. The obtained results have shown that, Bayesian survival analysis is more accurate than the normal survival analysis strategy. Based on variations in mismatched scores, the survival time fluctuates for different age groups. A plot for survregbayes model was generated for which, those below the age of 28 have higher chances of survival. The future enhancement would deploy a PH model for estimation than the currently used PO model. At the later stage the project also aims to find out the cause of hazard from an increased number of variables.Â Â Â
A Review on Indoor Air Quality Monitoring using IoT at Campus Environment
Authors: Ananda Hapsari Anindya , Iqbal Hajamydeen Asif , Irsyad Abdullah Muhammad I
Published: July 2024

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) systems provide a feasible way to maintain a healthy environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate IAQ monitoring systems, summarize existing studies, and to recommend research on IAQ monitoring that using the Internet of Things (IoT). In this systematic review the author analyzes and summarizes articles about IAQ using IoT, obtained from three databases. Based on the criteria, there were 36 studies selected that discusses IAQ, 24 are system development, six are evaluation and comparative articles, three studies proposes methods, and the other three are review articles. From the articles, there are only six researchers have conducted research on campus environment. The relevant past research was reviewed and provided discussion material on monitoring systems, sensors, devices used, and Internet of Things for Indoor Air Quality.Â Â
Effect of Polysulfone Content on Forward Osmosis Membrane Performance.
Authors: Ustafa Haikal M , Onn Munirah , Zainuddin Aznilind , Mariam bt Mohammad Iliyas Siti , Pei Sean Goh , Fauzi Ismail Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Desalination is the process to separate salt content from saline water. This study observes the effect of different polysulfone (psf) content on forward osmosis (FO) membrane towards its water flux and salt rejection performance. The loading percentages of psf used in the membrane are 15%, 15.5% and 16%. Theoretically, the higher the psf content, the lower the water flux passes through membrane. The membranes were prepared using interfacial polymerization technique and tested through reverse osmosis (RO) process and FO setup.Â  From the reverse osmosis (RO) experiment, the results showed that the salt rejection of 15% psf, 15.5% psf, 16% psf, are 92.94%, 93.71%, 95.98% respectively. In the FO experiment, the water flux results recorded for 15% psf, 15.5% psf, 16% psf, content are 1.21 L/m2h, 0.43 L/m2h, 0.21 L/m2h, respectively. Based on these two parameters, it would seem that by increasing the psf content the salt rejection value had increased but the water flux had decreased accordingly. These trends may due to when the psf content was increased; the support layer became denser and less porous which would lead to a higher solute rejection and lower water flux through the membrane. In conclusion, increasing of psf content will give forward osmosis membrane with higher salt rejection but lower water flux.Â Â
A Framework for Malaysian Construction Industry Young Professionals (CIYPs) Contractual Employment Contract: A Conceptual Paper
Authors: Hawa Mohd Kasmuri Siti , Ismail Zulhabri , Mohd Nordin Rumaizah , Hashim Norfashiha , Emanuel Ndekugri Issaka , Rashdan Abd Rahman Mohd
Published: July 2024

As the construction industry is important to the Malaysian economy, employment issue should be managed accordingly. However, there is lack of employment protection under the Malaysian employment legislation for employees with earnings of RM 2,000â€“RM 5,000 (USD 486â€“USD 1,213) per month and are also categorised as the young professionals. Even with additional jurisdiction given to the Director General of Labour, the minimum protection is not mandatory to be imposed, hence resulting in unfair employment practices. This paper aims to propose the conceptual framework for future study. This study adopts the approach in reviewing literatures to confirm the findings from preliminary interviews conducted with the labour officers from the Department of Labour (DoL) of Peninsular Malaysia. It is confirmed that the fairness element in employment can be achieved through roles played by the organisations and supports given from policymakers. The finding encourages good employment practices with fairness element as the focal point that benefits the industry and policymakers.Â
A Review of Leadership Qualities among Building Refurbishment Project Managers
Authors: Yacob Ridzuan , Saruwono Masran , Ismail Zulhabri
Published: July 2024

This paper provides a review of potential leadership qualities among building refurbishment project managers. The scope of work in refurbishment projects is very much different to that of new building projects. The key features associated with refurbishment projects are that they are unique, risky, highly complex, and inherently filled with uncertainties that are constant throughout the projectâ€™s lifecycle. Furthermore, these projects have always been identified with poor project performance that encompasses time, cost, and quality aspects. Despite the greater attention received in recent years, most previous research that provided solutions for the poor performance issues had narrowly focused on technical measures instead of human impact elements. Consequently, leadership qualities amongst project managers were not examined. This study aims to identify potential leadership qualities among building refurbishment project managers. In addition, the relationships between uncertainty factors and performance of refurbishment projects as mediated by the leadership qualities will also be determined. To achieve this aim, a literature search was conducted and relevant articles reviewed from 1997 to 2017. Initially, 125 articles were identified. However, only 70 articles remained after the second stage of the screening process. Arising from this review, a research model was proposed. This model serves as the basis for extended research on leadership qualities among project managers to better manage uncertainties in refurbishment projects.Â
A quality of service load balanced stochastic diffusion search (TABU) search (TSDS) network backbone for manet
Authors: R.Kavitha V. , Moorthi M.
Published: July 2024

The ad hoc network can present many different problems that influence a solution which can assure a proper quality of Service (QoS). The primary goal offered by the QoS was to ensure information delivery that was better and carried out by this network with a better network resource utilization. The main objective of the QoS routing found in the Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) was the optimization of the utilization of network resources when satisfying some application requirements. The AOMDV (the Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector) and its routing protocol was a multipath extension of the protocol of AODV which aims at identifying a loop-free along with a link-disjoint multipath at the time of the process of route discovery. A Stochastic Diï¬€usion Search (SDS) will have a strong framework in mathematics that can describe the algorithm and its behaviour by means of investi-gating resource allocation, linear time complexity, minimal criteria of convergence, global optimum convergence and robustness. The TABU Search (TS) is a search strategy based on memory for guiding the method of local search in order to continue a search beyond the local optimum. For this work, there is a hybrid SDS along with the TS which is proposed for improving the QoS load balancing.Â
Onto based cluster labelling and incremental system for information retrieval
Authors: Kadry Seifedine , Ahamed Mohammed Saleem Irfan , Kumar Ramasamy Lakshmana , Kannammal N.
Published: July 2024

Document clustering is utilised for data retrieval, past task of labels to cluster individuals enhances quick retrieval, and Existing framework doles out labels because of standard terms show in archives. However, semantic marks are first taking into Document semantic relationship, the incremental calculation for the versatile framework. The proposed work allocates onto mark because of scientific categorisation, i.e. ontology-based; word net Synsets and gleams coordinating and incremental dynamicity is accomplished through naming. The assessment is done utilising f-measure and figuring speed, contrasted and benchmark K-Means, K-Means without labels. Thus semantic labelling is designed more efficient than traditional document clustering methodologies and can be implemented for real-time internet document clustering applications.Â Â
Insects identification in maize crop using WSN
Authors: Srinivas M. , Durgaprasadarao P.
Published: July 2024

In India, every year a large scale of agricultural crops are destroyed by these soil-dwelling pests and White Grubs have most significant damage among them. White Grubs are the larvae of scarab beetle that feeds on the rootlets of the plants. It is considered as the national importance pest of India. Several technologies are being adapted from the past few years in order to control White Grubs. Apparently, they serve as either slow methods or costly. A different framework is developed to sort out the problems faced by the earlier technologies.The use of Smart Greenhouse technology has aided in finding the location of grubsâ€™ larvae efficiently. The capability of EPNs nematode to locate White Grubs is taken as the fundamental methodology to develop a system for tracing the location of White Grubs.The proposed method is mainly invented to find the second instar and third instar of grubs as they are the most damaging stages in the grub lifecycle. MQ-135 is used in the developed hardware to detect the CO2 bursts emerged from the grubs.Â
Effect of DC-DC converter switching frequency on the performance of solar PV system
Authors: Srinivas P. , P.Swapna Dr. , C.S.S.Anupama Dr.
Published: July 2024

The performance of Photo Voltaic (PV) system depends on how effectively the impedance matching is maintained under climatic changes i.e. change in insolation and temperature. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (InC) type classical Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controllers with boost converter are used to maintain the desired impedance matching. The switching frequency of boost converter does play an important role in the overall performance of solar system. Due to the change in the switching frequency, various parameters such as settling time, peak over shoot, steady state response, MPPT voltage, MPPT current, maximum power and output voltage values are affected. The influence of these time domain specifications on the performance of the photovoltaic system with modification of above controllers is discussed in this paper. MATLAB/SIMULINK is used for simulation studies of solar PV system with modified InC and P&O controllers. The performance of the modified InC controller over P&O controller at different switching frequencies in transient, steady-state and dynamic responses, related to ripple, power loss, tracking speed and overshoot have been analyzed.Â Â
Rehashing system security solutions in e-banking
Authors: Ul Islam Khan Burhan , F. Olanrewaju Rashidah , Anwar Farhat
Published: July 2024

Applications meant for exchanging cash, or individual data are becoming progressively common in mobile communications and on the Internet. The expansion of electronic banking services by utilizing various electronic channels provide added value to the users. As such, client authentication is required in these applications for affirming the legitimacy of the clients. The most widely recognized service of accreditations utilized today is the static passwords. Weak passwords prove to be an awful choice because it exposes online banking services to various security dangers. Different arrangements have been put forward to eradicate the clients' need for the creation and management of passwords. In this regard, a typical method developed is the one-time password (OTP), i.e., passwords which remain valid for a single exchange or session. Sadly, the vast majority of these password arrangements doesn't fulfil the requirement of usability and scalability and hence can be considered to be unreliable. In this paper, the usability and security facets of the present-day strategies for validation schemes centred on non-OTP and OTP structures are contemplated. At last, the loopholes, as well as the open challenges, are discussed, highlighting their prominence in the related field of study.Â Â
A Survey: Restoration of Compressed Image
Authors: S Sujithra M. , SugithaSugitha N.
Published: July 2024

In recent years, blocking artifacts are the one of the major problem faced by the image compression due to quantization bit constraints or inter-block correlation in decompression. The various methods used to remove the blocking artifacts are broadly classified as deblocking methods and estimation / learning based methods. Both the methods are further classified into filtering approach and restoration of transform coefficients, maximum of a posteriori, projection onto convex sets and sparse dictionary learning. All these image restoration techniques are applied to restore the compressed image by considering the compressed image as degraded image. This paper presents various techniques for restoring compressed image and thereby maintaining the perceptual quality of the image.Â Â Â
Maximum voltage gain index for distributed generators based on voltage power system profile
Authors: S.Jaber Aqeel
Published: July 2024

The challenges facing power systems have shown a growing tendency in the studies on distributed generation in the modernized world. One of the most important objectives of distributed generation systems is an improvement of the quality of power systems. Many indices have been proposed in the electrical power system literature. However, the previous criteria did not give a clear voltage advantage of the distributed generatorâ€™s location. In this paper, a new index is proposed to gauge the placement of distributed generators (DGs) in a power system. The new index depends on the maximum voltage gain (MVG) in the system to overcome the position of the DG. The Gauss-Seidel load flow method is used to test the voltages of IEEE 30-bus standard after and before adding of DGs. The results show that MVG is more feasible than other indices such as cumulative voltage deviation (CVD) and voltage stability index (VSI) for calculating suitable locations for DGs.Â
Innovation and quality processes in software development of Smes, in Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Carlos ValdÃ©s HernÃ¡ndez Roberto , Luis Arcos Vega JosÃ© , Fernando GonzÃ¡lez Navarro FÃ©lix
Published: July 2024

The objective of this article is to research the impact that innovation has in the development and quality of software production processes, and in turn, how innovation influences the profitability of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This research was carried out with a sample of 52 enterprises in the software area in Baja California, Mexico. The collection of data was made from June to September 2016, with the support of a survey aimed to the enterprisesâ€™ managers. For the analysis of the model and validation of structured relations, the factorial exploratory method of analysis was used, with support from Statistical package software for social sciences (SPSS), version 21. The results show that both innovation in the development and quality have a positive and significant influence over products innovation and in processes developed in SMEs. Furthermore, productsâ€™ quality has a positive and significant influence in the enterprisesâ€™ profitability.Â
Preliminary Study on Air Traffic Density of Peninsular Malaysia using Visual Flight Path Trajectories from Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Data
Authors: Mustaffa Masnawi , Ahmad2 Shaharudin , Mohd Nor Radhiah , Hidayah Binti Zahari Nur
Published: July 2024

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast is an alternate method of providing aircraft position data, which aircraft continually transmit their identity and navigational information. Such signals are received by ground station and relayed to Air Traffic Services and used to supplement radar data. The information can also be received by other aircraft and the nearby traffic. In this study, the ADS-B data was collected from a known website in order to investigate the movements of aircraft flying over Peninsular Malaysia's airspace by plotting the trajectories of flight path based on its flight ID, latitude, longitude, and altitude information. From flight trajectories and flight path of all collected data, the density and flow of air traffic from the ADS-B system for Peninsular Malaysia can be visualized.Â
Effect of Turbulence Intensity on Low Reynolds Number Airfoil Aerodynamics
Authors: Kumar Gupta Ashish , A. Aswatha Naray P. , Ramesh G.
Published: July 2024

The flow transition over the airfoil at low Reynolds number influences its aerodynamic performance; hence this is being studied by many researchers in the recent times. One of the important factors affecting flow transition is the turbulence intensity of the oncoming flow that has not been well addressed. Here a systematic study on a few of Low Reynolds number airfoils is made though viscous- inviscid interaction code XFLR to understand the sensitivity of the inlet turbulence on the flow transition. The analyses with XFLR5 code were made at three Reynolds number and three different turbulent intensity values. The analysis brings out clearly the sensitivity of the flow to turbulent intensity. The reason for the drag increase and scatter in the experimental data has been investigated which is seen in case of E387 airfoil for Reynolds number below 100,000.Â Â
Effect of Outward and Inward Dimple Located on Different Positions of Aerofoil Section at a Typical Low Reynolds Number
Authors: A Aswatha Narayana P. , K A Rasya , S Prasad Spoorthi , . .
Published: July 2024

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the enhancement of the aerodynamic characteristics of NACA 4415 aerofoil section. This enhancement includes introduction of dimple on the aerofoil section which creates vortices and delays the flow separation. The work describes the computational analysis of dimple at different positions for different aspect ratios. This study has been carried out on an aerofoil section for a typical low Reynolds number of 47,000 using CFD tool ANSYS FLUENT. Â Â
Aviation Safety Management: Minimizing the Deleterious Effect of an Aviation Disaster
Authors: Hafiza Zainudin Ainul , Akhmal Hasmin Nor , Waseem Dhihny Ahmad , Mohd Shah Rohani
Published: July 2024

Safety management of civil aviation industry should be taken assiduously to preserve incalculable human life. Though a comprehensive regulatory framework on safety management has been established at a local and international level to improve the safety standard in the aviation industry, this century has witnessed a rapid increased of aviation disasters due to the continued growth of safety mismanagement. This paper offers a discussion of the risk factor as an essential safety tool in preventing aviation disaster through its compliance with safety regulation and safety standard imposed upon regulatory authority. This paper also intends to discuss the safety doctrine laid down in Integrated Emergency Management Model (IEMM) and Chaos Theory in managing aviation disaster. This paper also tenders a discussion on the current legal position concerning safety management adopted by Malaysian aviation authorities. The reference is made to the State Safety Program (SSP) and Safety Management System (SMS) under Annex 19 of Chicago Convention within the purview of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The methodology used is the doctrinal research methodology in the discipline of law. The findings of this study serve to validate that Malaysia to the full extent have implemented ICAO Safety Management Manual (SMM); nevertheless, the effectiveness is debatable. Based on the literature, this paper seeks to propose that IEMM and Chaos Theory be made the foundation in establishing Malaysia's regulatory framework and the synchronisation between domestic law and international convention to be made mandatory.Â Â
Lift and Drag Performances of O-Ring Paper Plane
Authors: I. Ismail N. , Yusoff Hamid , Sharudin Hazim , Pahmi Arif , Suhaimi S. , Rahman Hemdi Abdul
Published: July 2024

The O-ring paper plane is viewed as another option of paper planes that have potential to be upgraded as Micro Air Vehicle (MAV). Despite the complexity of the closed wing design, the O-Ring (OR) paper planes are easy to develop by following a certain origami technique. However, the aerodynamics performances for such closed wing design is still open to be explored before it can be upgraded for MAV usage. The aerodynamics complexity of closed wing design combined with various hoop sizing may induced complicated aerodynamics performance for OR paper planes. Thus, the objective of this research is to investigate the hoop diameters influence towards the aerodynamics performance of OR paper plane. Three different OR paper planes configurations known as OR-1, OR-2 and OR-3 have been used for comparative study. ANSYS-CFX simulation was fully utilized in this works to simulate the virtual wind tunnel on each OR paper planes configurations. Â The comparison works have been conducted to study the distributions of CL, CD and CL/CD on the closed wing configurations. CL results shows that OR-3 induces 16.6% better CL magnitude compared to OR-2 and OR-1. In fact, the OR-3 and OR-2 with larger hoop size produced better CLmax and Î±stall performances compared to smaller hoop configuration (OR-1). The CD performance also shows that OR-3 (with larger hoop configuration) produced at least 1.4% better CD min than the other configurations. However, the results show that OR-3 configurations has suffered from larger CD increment with at least 2% larger CD increment magnitude compared to OR-2 and OR-1. CL/CDmax results exhibited that OR-3 induces the highest CL/CDmax at 6.27 which is about 5.9% and 13.1% higher than OR-2 and OR-1 produced, respectively. The analysis on the low-pressure distribution area reveals that larger area of low pressure CP found on OR-3 has been lead into better CL magnitude for OR-3. Based on these results, one can presume that larger hoop size on OR paper planes induces higher CL and CL/CD max performances due to better low-pressure CP distributions on the wing.Â Â
Effect of Particles Content and Size on Density, Void and Tensile Properties of Sokka-Clay/Phenolic Composite
Authors: Diharjo Kuncoro , C. N. Nyoto Saputro Yudit , . Triyono
Published: July 2024

Sokka clay particles, whose stability in mass and good inhibitor in flame, is capable to be used as filler in polymer composite. The investigation on tensile properties of Sokka-clay/phenolic composite at different particles content (0-50 vol%) and size (less than 74 Âµm up to 177 Âµm) has been performed. The analysis of chemical compound, voids fraction, density and fracture surface was conducted to complete the discussion. The Sokka-clay/phenolic composites have an increase in density along with an increase of particle content and a decrease of particle size. Voids also rise proportionally with an increases of particles content and size. The particles addition of 10 vol% on phenolic decreases its strength gradually. However, further addition of particles enhances its strength and modulus, and that is also similar with smaller particle addition. Otherwise, its addition causes a decrease of composite strain due to the lower strain of particles. The increase of strength is influenced by many factors, such as the amount of particle, particle size, movement of particle to fill empty space, effective contact of particle surface, and particle aggregation. The modified Sokka-clay particle has good potential to improve composite properties, and many explorations of its properties needed to fulfill the application requirements.Â
Effect of reactive power loading on the stability of power network bus voltage and transmission line
Authors: Goa Tella Teshome , Simiyu Sitati Stanley , Nyauma Nyakoe George
Published: July 2024

Increased loading results in the instability of bus voltages and power transmission lines, which results in the outage of power transmission lines. For stable operation, finding the maximum loading limit of buses is needed. This paper introduces newly proposed modified voltage stability index (MVSI) and line stability index (Lst) that are used to rank buses and lines, respectively, based onÂ the severity of load contingency. Thus, to account for the effect of inductive load on bus voltage and line stability, only load reactive powerÂ is increased upÂ to itsÂ maximumÂ stability limit. The MVSI and Lst areÂ determinedÂ using NewtonÂ RaphsonÂ power flow. Buses and linesÂ are then ranked using MVSI and LstÂ based on the severity of bus loading. The effectiveness of the new stability indices is evaluated against conventional stability indices based on the IEEE-14 bus standard systems and tested on the Ethiopian 230 KV power network. Results show that the proposed indices perform better in ranking buses and lines.Â Â Â
Comparative Study on Bending Strength of Metallic Bone Staple
Authors: Hidayatul Nadhirah Elmi Azham Shah Nur , Afiq Hanizar Muhammad , Hussain Ismail Muhammad
Published: July 2024

This study compares bending behavior of metallic bone staples made with different metallic alloys; SS316L, CpTi and Ti40Nb. The staples were prepared by EDM wire cut in accordance with ASTM F564-10, standard specification and test methods for metallic bone staples. The materials of SS316L and CpTi were initially obtained from commercial rod, while the Ti40Nb alloy was manufactured by powder metallurgy (PM) process. Through this comparative study, development and feasibility of Ti40Nb, a Î²-rich TiNb alloy performance as a biomedical device specifically bone staple is studied. In the four point bending test, the data obtained for the metallic staple bending strength were 11.16Â±1.57 N/mm, 12.22Â±1.77 N/mm and 6.76Â±0.46 N/mm for SS316, CpTi and Ti40Nb, respectively. Only Ti40Nb experience failure whereas SS316 and CpTi bone staples suffers permanent deformation without failure.Â Â
Evaluation of the Performance of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Surahman Ramli Muhammad , Kalam Anizah , Md. Yusof Fauziah , Yuni Ibrahim
Published: July 2024

Natural fibers provide an alternative to artificial fiber as composite reinforcement, which can transform the industrial trend into more eco-friendly. Hence an investigation of the mechanical properties of banana and kenaf fibers reinforced polymer composites were conducted.Â  Two composite systems were prepared by using alkali treated Banana fibers at several Sodium Hydroxide concentrations (0%, 3%, 6% and 9%) and hybrid Banana fibers (BF) and kenaf fibers at various ratio of BF/Kenaf fibers (0/100, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, 100/0).Â  The composites were fabricated using banana fiber and hybrid BF/kenaf fiber to reinforce epoxy and unsaturated polyester composite respectively using hand layup method.Â  The tensile and flexural tests were then performed on the composites specimen according to ASTM D3036 and ASTM D790 respectively.Â  The result indicates that treated banana fibers have a significant effect on the Flexural strength and Tensile Modulus.Â  Meanwhile, hybridisation has achieved the highest tensile strength of 0/100 composite composition while the lowest was by 100/0 which is 20.04 MPa and 10.33 MPa respectively. The tensile strength gradually decreases as the concentration of kenaf reduced. In comparison with the flexural test, it shows the same trend as the tensile test where flexural strength directly proportional to the concentration of kenaf fiber.Â  The highest tensile modulus was achieved by 0/100 at 3.24 GPa while the lowest was achieved by 100/0. This was expected as the strength of kenaf was better compared to the banana fiber. For the hybrid composite, 30/70 had the highest toughness compare to the other specimen. In conclusion, the tensile and flexural strength directly influences by the percentage of kenaf fiber. The higher the percentage of kenaf fiber, the higher the tensile and flexural properties. Hybridization improves the specimen in term of strain and toughness. This indicates that the hybrid composite was able to absorb higher energy before failure.Â Â
Computational Analysis of Adjustable Ankle Foot Orthosis for Cerebral Palsy Children
Authors: Noorul Amanina Darwin Eka , Tardan Giha , Halim Abdullah Abdul
Published: July 2024

Children with cerebral palsy may present several gait patterns, and the most common spastic deformity is foot equinus. One of the most effective methods of correcting foot deformity is orthotics, which involves the use of synthetic or mechanical devices worn on the feet to stabilize, heal, or prevent deformity to weak joints or bones. However, the ankle foot orthoses that is available in the market are usually fixed and not flexible. The main aim of this project was to design an adjustable ankle foot orthosis with adjustable ankle flexion and to investigate the effects of shell thickness of the foot and shank to promote optimum product. Proper engineering design process was developed in this project at several phases including the idea generation and conceptualization, evaluation of concept using Pugh Method, finite element model and analysis, and also the fabrication of the prototype using 3D printing technology. Variation of shell thickness of the foot and shank part was analyzed to predict the optimum thickness of the product. Results show that the model with .5 mm of shell thickness produces the best findings. The maximum value of von misses stress was predicted at 45.7 MPa and 4.7 MPa for the foot and shank part, respectively. Prototype model of the adjustable foot orthosis was successfully fabricated using 3D printing technology.Â Â
The Characteristic of Cobalt-Nickel-Iron Alloy Coating Coated on Aluminium, Brass and Stainless Steel
Authors: Rozlin N.M Masdek Nik , Salleh Zuraidah , Zin Abu Md , . .
Published: July 2024

Electrodeposition is a well-known and economical method in the coating industry due to its low cost and fast process. This study investigates on the charateristic of electrodeposited Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating coated on three different substrates that is aluminium, brass and stainless steel. The surface morphology, microhardness, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance of Co-Ni-Fe electrodeposited on aluminium, brass and stainless steel was determined. This study compares the different properties of the Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating coated on aluminium, brass and stainless steel which can enhance the mechanical, chemical and corrosion properties of these metals. Aluminium deposited with Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating had the highest microhardness of 427.4 Hv as compared to brass and stainless steel. Meanwhile the surface roughness for all metals deposited with Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating was reduced significantly. In terms of the corrosion behavior, brass coated with Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating has the lowest corrosion rate of 4.699x10-3 mmpy while stainless steel and aluminium had a corrosion rate of 19.82x10-3 mmpy and 66.15x10-3 mmpy, respectively. From the findings it can be seen that microhardness and corrosion resistance showed an increase of about 40% after depositing the aluminium, brass and stainless steel with Co-Ni-Fe alloy coating.Â Â
Design of Thumb Exoskeleton Rehabilitation Device
Authors: Rahman Mohamed Affandi Abdul , Azam Abdullah Shahrul , . .
Published: July 2024

Thumb nerve injury is a common injury that will affect the movement of the thumb. Exoskeleton for hand rehabilitation typically focus on finger flexion extension and do not support thumb finger opposition, a crucial function for object grasping. This paper presents the mechanical design, implementation, preliminary evaluation and proof of concept of a portable thumb exoskeleton to assist thumb opposition movements and also design of a thumb exoskeleton rehabilitation device. The thumb exoskeleton is a device to help patients during therapy and rehabilitation process. The materials of all mechanical parts n exoskeleton were 3D printed and Arduino UNO was used for movement control. The thumb exoskeleton mechanisms are combined CMC abduction-adduction and CMC flexion-extension to move the thumb using linear actuator. Linear actuator controls CMC abduction-adduction motion where when the linear actuator is fully retracts; it will conduct the CMC joint into abduction position. When the linear actuator extends, it will conduct the CMC joint into adduction positionÂ Â
A Review on Vibration Analysis of Seismocardiography (SCG)
Authors: Seng Hooi Ng. , Bin Ismail Kamarulafizam , Mailah M. , Rizman Md.
Published: July 2024

This paper reviews on the non-invasive cardiac diagnostic method using accelerometer. Currently, the clinical cardiac diagnostic tools that are available are acoustic stethoscope, electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography. The ECG represents cardiac electrical activities that provide important information to diagnose diseases such as myocardial ischemia, infarction and arrhythmias. However, it is not very helpful to diagnose cardiac contractility dysfunction and valvular diseases. Echocardiography provides alternative solution to the problem. Based on the principle of ultrasound imaging, it can precisely capture the heart images that works in real-time. Nevertheless, it comes with high operational cost and requires a specialist who is an expert and properly trained. It is also not immediately available in most hospital and medical institutions. This review will emphasize on the technological trends of devices that are able to capture heart related diseases. The usage of accelerometer has gained lots of attention as its ability to detect micro-vibration is outstanding. It is placed on the surface of the chest and listens to the vibrations, which are produced by the operations of the valves. The ability to pick up such information somehow depends on many factors such as the sensor sensitivity, the sensor placement method, position and the extraction algorithm used. Each of these factors will be discussed and compared.Â Â Â
Protection of information from unauthorized access in the design of automated systems radionuclide spectrometry for civil engineering
Authors: P. Mikhnev Ilya , A. Salnikova Natalia , V. Mikhneva Svetlana
Published: July 2024

Designing protection systems involves developing a protection model and transferring it to a specific software structure. The security model is a description, formalized or not, of the rules for the interaction of resources in the software-hardware environment of automated systems. Protection models allow you to focus on the most important aspects of the problem of protecting information, discarding the technical details of the system from consideration. The article presents research of information security tools against unauthorized access of automated radionuclide spectrometry systems based on a scintillation gamma spectrometer. As a result of the conducted research, the indicators of the system security were obtained, which allow to calculate and optimize the probability of damage from unauthorized access, taking into account the time of operation and the information security tools used. The developed analytical assessments make it possible at the design stages of automated systems to calculate the upper and lower bounds of the probability of unauthorized access to confidential information.Â Â
Problems affecting squatter settlements in Nampula, Mozambique
Authors: Hamza Momade Mohammed , Mohd Rosli Hainin Prof
Published: July 2024

The global challenge to eradicate squatter settlements locally known as â€œrent free havensâ€ in cities of Mozambique has been a challenging issue since the country gained independence. Successive governments after independence have not been able to adequately deal with the squatter problems. This study is carried out in the squatter district of Nampula, Mozambique. The data is analyzed using SPSS and Average Index. From the study the factors are identified and prioritized for improvement of squatter settlements needed in each case. There is no proper infrastructure such as paved roads, footpath, or sidewalk in place at the moment. The drainage system is very poor and during raining season results in heavy floods which destroy almost all squatter residents which is why theyâ€™re rebuilt every year. The squatter residents built the houses by themselves, which is why there was a poor construction practice. The steps to be taken by the authorities to overcome the squatter issues are meeting the residents of the squatter areas and provide information and make them aware regarding the conditions of their respective areas through the studies that has been carried out, provide the options available like short term loan, rural investment, self-help schemes and self-involvement in Design and Construction.
The impact of the genie program on the integration of ICTs in Moroccan education and its effect on teachers
Authors: Dardary Oussama , Elmazouni Nourdine , Tridane Malika , Belaaouad Said
Published: July 2024

This research focuses on the use and integration of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies for Education) in Moroccan public schools, through a survey. A GENIE program was developed in September 2005 to improve the quality of teaching and learning. The main objectives of the GENIE strategy are: effective and rapid integration of ICTs into the education system; integration of ICTs at the heart of the learning process as a fundamental tool; positive interaction with educational programs; increase the quality of education through effective use of information technology by teachers and students; integration of multimedia and internet tools into educational methodologies and the learning process; qualification of future generations. Currently, we can say that we canâ€™t really notice the effects and the traces of this program. This study aims to describe the national project GENIE and its impact on the different educational actors.Â
The role of social media in enhancing the learning process of Iraq students
Authors: Alaa Ibrahim Mahmood Al-Nuaimi ALI , Asmael Hamed Wathq , Hadi Ali Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Social media platforms are used to facilitate social interaction, likewise, the social media enhances and complements the traditional schoolroom teaching. This study examines the role of social media in enhancing the learning process by exploring the impact of student perceptions of social media, Engagement and Interaction with peers in enhancing the learning process among female students. The use of social media platform was noticed to be great among female students. Female students would opt to use improved learning methods by changing their learning styles to connect with an environment that has more dynamic social potentials, rather than studying in isolated environments that offers traditional learning styles. The positive impact of social media on the enhancement of learning processes comprises the learning style, relationship between students and experience of social media use, by nurturing social interaction and the sharing of knowledge particularly among female students in order to expedite social interaction, because female students are more comfortable with sharing ideas among their peers. This study employs the quantitative survey method among female students, and the results indicated that, the use of social media improves the learning process among Iraqi secondary schoolgirls through student perceptions, Engagement and Interaction with peers.Â Â Â
Investigation of solar radiation distribution over three zones north, middle and south of Jordan
Authors: S. Alrwashdeh Saad , M. Alsaraireh Falah
Published: July 2024

Solar energy considers as the best alternative energy source in Jordan as the solar radiation average is high in Jordan which is between 4 and 8 kWh/m2. The average solar radiation is connected with an energy potential of 1400 to 2300 GWh per year. Electricity is the main source of energy used in Jordan as all daily applications rely on it such as heating, cooling, lighting, etc. For that studying solar radiation carefully is an essential issue to ensure the availability of the power when it needed. In this study, a solar radiation distribution is provided of three main zones in Jordan north, middle and south.Â Â Â
Entrepreneurship Learning System in Business Incubators : An Case Study In Indonesia
Authors: Famiola Melia , Hartati Sri
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to explore the system of entrepreneurial learning in Indonesian business Incubator and identify their success factors to support the entrepreneurs. This study is qualitative research using case approach. We collect data from six incubators in West Java Indonesia and interviewing tenants and person in charge of the incubation management. In general, we found three similar stages of incubation assistance to encourage and support entrepreneurial process for their tenants: pre-incubation, incubation, and post-incubation. Even though the condition is not in an ideal, the respondents highlight some influent factors of the incubation performance in Indonesia; 1) government support for incubation program related in funding, infrastructure and policies toward the entrepreneurship ecosystem; 2) networking with financial institution; 3) Support from university and research centre; 4) Social environment of incubators.
Use of Social Media Sites by Malaysian Universities and its Impact on University Ranking
Authors: Irfan Asmara , Rasli Amran , Sulaiman Zuraidah , Sami Abdul , Qureshi Muhammad Imran
Published: July 2024

Social Media is not just for photo sharing and status update, it can also be used by students for university selection. In the current era of high competition among higher educational institutes, many universities are focusing on online marketing. Most of the students are using social media sites to select their university which shows the importance of online presence for the universities. It is very much important for the universities to decide their marketing strategy to attract more and more international students. Good promotional marketing activities through social media, social networking sites by universities is associated with the ranking of the university. In this article we review the importance of social media marketing through social networking sites like Facebook and the capability of Malaysian universities to use social networking sites and its impact on university ranking and its Facebook engagement rank.