bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empirical predictor of conditions that support ideal‐filter capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Tong Ye , Hu Liang , Krylov Sergey N.
Published: April 2020

Ideal‐filter CE (IFCE) is a method for the selection of affinity binders for protein targets from oligonucleotide libraries, for example, random‐sequence oligonucleotide libraries and DNA‐encoded libraries, in a single step of partitioning. In IFCE, protein–oligonucleotide complexes and unbound oligonucleotides move in the opposite directions, facilitating very high efficiency of their partitioning. For any given protein target and oligonucleotide library, protein–oligonucleotide complexes and unbound oligonucleotides move in the opposite directions only for a limited range of EOF mobilities, which, in turn, corresponds to a limited range of pH and ionic strength values of the running buffer. Rational design of IFCE‐based partitioning requires a priori knowledge of this range of pH and ionic strength values, and here we introduce an approach to predict this range for a given type of the running buffer. The approach involves measuring EOF mobilities for a relatively wide range of pH and ionic strength (I) values and finding an empirical predictor function that related the EOF mobility with pH and ionic strength. In this work, we developed a predictor function for a running buffer (Tris‐HCl) that is commonly used in CE‐based partitioning of affinity binders for protein targets. This predictor function can be immediately used for the rational design of IFCE‐based partitioning in this running buffer, while the described approach will be used to develop predictor functions for other types of running buffer if needed.
Low‐rank solution of an optimal control problem constrained by random Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Benner Peter , Dolgov Sergey , Onwunta Akwum , Stoll Martin
Published: April 2020

We develop a low‐rank tensor decomposition algorithm for the numerical solution of a distributed optimal control problem constrained by two‐dimensional time‐dependent Navier‐Stokes equations with a stochastic inflow. The goal of optimization is to minimize the flow vorticity. The inflow boundary condition is assumed to be an infinite‐dimensional random field, which is parametrized using a finite‐ (but high‐) dimensional Fourier expansion and discretized using the stochastic Galerkin finite element method. This leads to a prohibitively large number of degrees of freedom in the discrete solution. Moreover, the optimality conditions in a time‐dependent problem require solving a coupled saddle‐point system of nonlinear equations on all time steps at once. For the resulting discrete problem, we approximate the solution by the tensor‐train (TT) decomposition and propose a numerically efficient algorithm to solve the optimality equations directly in the TT representation. This algorithm is based on the alternating linear scheme (ALS), but in contrast to the basic ALS method, the new algorithm exploits and preserves the block structure of the optimality equations. We prove that this structure preservation renders the proposed block ALS method well posed, in the sense that each step requires the solution of a nonsingular reduced linear system, which might not be the case for the basic ALS. Finally, we present numerical experiments based on two benchmark problems of simulation of a flow around a von Kármán vortex and a backward step, each of which has uncertain inflow. The experiments demonstrate a significant complexity reduction achieved using the TT representation and the block ALS algorithm. Specifically, we observe that the high‐dimensional stochastic time‐dependent problem can be solved with the asymptotic complexity of the corresponding deterministic problem.
Characteristics of the Hailesitai volcanic province, Inner Mongolia, and inferred magma source and tectonic setting
Authors: Lin Min , Yu Shengyao , Ma Changqian , Zhao Xilin , Li Yujuan , Yang Zhong , Wang Feng
Published: April 2020

The Hailesitai volcanic basin, located in the northern part of Greater Hinggan Mountains, is one of the most important Mesozoic volcanic basins within Inner Mongolia. Systematic field and petrographic study shows that the Hailesitai volcanic basin consists of volcanic rocks of the Baiyin'gaolao Formation, which can be subdivided into two different lithological members that record a nearly complete eruption–sedimentation cycle. Seven types of volcanic facies are identified, delineating 17 V‐level volcanic structures that are controlled by NNE‐trending fractures. U–Pb isotope dating of zircon indicates that volcanism occurred during the Early Cretaceous between 132.8 and 131.5 Ma. The SiO2 of Hailesitai volcanic rocks mostly range from 58.9 to 77.46 wt% (rhyolite to trachyandesite) and belong to the high‐K alkaline series (average value of the K2O 4.07 wt%). The trace‐element characteristics of the rocks indicate that the magmas were derived from the mantle. εNd(t) values lie between 3.78 and 3.87, The εHf(t) values of obsidian and rhyolitic range from 5.53 to 10.83 and 3.95 to 11.82, respectively. TDM2(Hf) range from 819 to 466 Ma and 657 to 311 Ma, respectively. The Nd isotopic composition of the rocks and the Hf isotopic composition of zircon suggest that the magma was derived from the partial melting of depleted mantle. We suggest that the Hailesitai volcanic rocks formed in a post‐orogenic extensional tectonic setting during closure of the Mongolian–Okhotsk Ocean due to subduction of the western Pacific Plate. The source of the magmas was depleted mantle with a minor contribution from the partial melting of Palaeozoic crustal rocks.
Reasonable Persons, Autonomous Persons, and Lady Hale: Determining a Standard for Risk Disclosure
Authors: Banja John
Published: April 2020

Among various kinds of disclosures typically required in research as well as in clinical scenarios, risk information figures prominently. A key question is, what kinds of risk information would the reasonable person want to know? I will argue, however, that the reasonable person construct is and always has been incapable of settling this very question. After parsing the nebulous if not “contentless” character of the reasonable person, I will explain how Western courts have actually adjudicated cases of “negligent nondisclosure,” that is, cases in which patient‐plaintiffs allege that their informed consent rights were violated by the failure of their health providers to inform them of reasonably foreseeable risks that subsequently materialized. To support my argument, I will scrutinize the landmark decision by the United Kingdom's Supreme Court in Montgomery v. Lanarkshire Health Board and, in particular, Justice Brenda Hale's concurrence.
A Demanding Ethics of Care
Authors: Kittay Eva Feder
Published: April 2020

The writer responds to the book review essay “Caring for People with Disabilities: An Ethics of Respect,” by Kevin Mintz and David Wasserman, in the January‐February 2020 issue of the Hastings Center Report, which discusses her book Learning from My Daughter: The Value and Care of Disabled Minds.
Laparoscopic total biopsy for suspected gallbladder cancer: A case series
Authors: Tokumitsu Yukio , Shindo Yoshitaro , Matsui Hiroto , Matsukuma Satoshi , Nakajima Masao , Yoshida Shin , Iida Michihisa , Suzuki Nobuaki , Takeda Shigeru , Nagano Hiroaki
Published: April 2020

Background and aims

Imaging diagnosis of gallbladder cancer remains difficult to achieve preoperatively. We developed a novel approach based on laparoscopic whole‐layer cholecystectomy (LWLC) and laparoscopic gallbladder bed dissection (LGBD) for total biopsy, for ultimately determining the optimal treatment strategy for suspected gallbladder cancer detected on preoperative imaging. Here, we describe a case series of patients who underwent this procedure at our institution.

Methods

We retrospectively examined clinicopathological data of consecutive patients with suspected gallbladder carcinoma at Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine from September 2016 to July 2018 on which a laparoscopic approach was used. Preoperative imaging findings suggestive of gallbladder cancer were defined as follows: elevated lesion >10 mm in diameter, increasing tumor size over time compared with the previous imaging, sessile lesion, irregular wall thickness lesion mimicking cancer, elevated lesion with dense enhancement, or positive results on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. LWLC was performed for early‐stage or suspected malignant lesions without liver invasion, and LGBD was performed for lesions with an unclear border between the gallbladder and the liver. When postoperative pathological examination revealed the presence of gallbladder cancer invading into the subserosal layer, additional gallbladder bed resection and regional lymphadenectomy were considered. Patient characteristics, perioperative findings, pathological findings, and postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent LWLC or LGBD were reviewed retrospectively, and the short‐term outcomes of the laparoscopic approach were analyzed.

Results

Fifteen consecutive patients were included in the study. The median age of the patients was 63 years (IQR 42‐76 years); 7 patients were males. We performed LWLC in 12 cases and LBGD in 3 cases. Median (IQR) operation time was 159 (140‐193) min and median blood loss was 10 (5–30) mL. No bile leakage caused by intraoperative perforation of the gallbladder was seen. Median hospital stay was 7 (5–9) days. Only one patient developed postoperative complications (abdominal abscess). Histologically, gallbladder cancer was diagnosed in five cases (pT1a, n = 2; pT2, n = 3), and two of the pT2 patients underwent additional open surgery.

Conclusions

Our laparoscopic‐based approach for suspected gallbladder cancer might represent a safe strategy and could play an important role in defining the optimal treatment strategy.
Set‐off under the European insolvency regulation (and English law)
Authors: McCormack Gerard
Published: April 2020

This paper addresses critically the meaning and effect of the set‐off provisions in the European Insolvency Regulation. The Regulation sets out the authority of EU Member States to open insolvency proceedings and provides that, subject to exceptions, the law of the State that opens insolvency proceedings shall apply to those proceedings. Setoff is one such exception for the opening of insolvency proceedings does not affect the rights of creditors to demand the set‐off of their claims against the insolvent debtor. Set‐off is intended to perform a guarantee type function for creditor claims. Nevertheless, the Regulation does not define what is meant by set‐off nor clarify whether set‐off rights under the law of a third country (such as English law) may be relied upon. The paper provides valuable clarification and critical analysis.
How Students’ Beliefs About Knowledge Matter in Multiple‐Source Reading Online: Implications for Classroom Instruction
Authors: Woodward Lindsay , Cho Byeong-Young
Published: April 2020

The authors explored the ways in which students drew on their individual theories of knowledge and knowing, or personal epistemologies, to identify and learn from multiple informational sources found on the internet. Analysis of students’ think‐aloud reports (during reading) and their written questions (after reading) indicated that students’ personal epistemologies came into play as they were accessing, evaluating, and using diverse sources, which was reflected in their critical questioning in multiple ways. These results have implications for rethinking classroom literacy tasks in which students are asked to conduct online research to explore multiple pathways to understanding, questioning, and learning. The authors provide suggestions and instructional tools to support the development and use of students’ beliefs about knowledge in complex, multisource literacy task environments.
Making Space: Complicating a Canonical Text Through Critical, Multimodal Work in a Secondary Language Arts Classroom
Authors: Dallacqua Ashley K. , Sheahan Annmarie
Published: April 2020

The authors document research completed in 10th‐grade language arts classes where a canonical play was read alongside a graphic novel in the hopes of shifting student understandings of power and privilege in literature. Using teacher action research as a methodological framework for this qualitative study, a teacher and researcher engaged in long‐term fieldwork and participant observation as a means of investigating what happens when nontraditional texts are paired with canonical works in diverse secondary classrooms. Findings illustrate that by placing a work of the dominant literary study tradition in dialogue with a contemporary graphic novel, students accessed multiple perspectives that allowed for emotional, academic, and critical learning. Additionally, findings speak to the value of multimodal composing as a way to privilege student voice in conversations across various literary narratives and forms.
Optimization of PTH/PTHrP Hybrid Peptides to Derive a Long‐Acting PTH Analog (LA‐PTH)
Authors: Noda Hiroshi , Okazaki Makoto , Joyashiki Eri , Tamura Tatsuya , Kawabe Yoshiki , Khatri Ashok , Jueppner Harald , Potts John T , Gardella Thomas J , Shimizu Masaru
Published: April 2020

Prolonged signaling at the parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) correlates with the capacity of a ligand to bind to a G protein‐independent receptor conformation (R0). As long‐acting PTH (LA‐PTH) ligands hold interest as potential treatments for hypoparathyroidism (HP), we explored the structural basis in the ligand for stable R0 binding and prolonged cAMP signaling. A series of PTH/PTHrP hybrid analogs were synthesized and tested for actions in vitro and in vivo. Of the series, [Ala1,3,12,Gln10,Arg11,Trp14]‐PTH(1‐14)/PTHrP(15–36) (M‐PTH/PTHrP) bound with high affinity to R0, induced prolonged cAMP responses in UMR106 rat osteoblast‐derived cells, and induced the most prolonged increases in serum calcium (sCa) in normal rats. Daily s.c. injection of M‐PTH/PTHrP into thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats, a model of HP, normalized sCa without raising urine Ca. In contrast, oral alfacalcidol, a widely used treatment for HP, normalized sCa, but induced frank hypercalciuria. M‐PTH/PTHrP exhibited low solubility in aqueous solutions of neutral pH; however, replacement of Leu18, Phe22, and His26 with the less hydrophobic residues, Ala, Ala, and Lys, at those respective positions markedly improved solubility while maintaining bioactivity. Indeed, we recently showed that the resultant analog [Ala18,22,Lys26]‐M‐PTH/PTHrP or LA‐PTH, effectively normalizes sCa in TPTX rats and mediates prolonged actions in monkeys. These studies provide useful information for optimizing PTH and PTHrP ligand analogs for therapeutic development. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A prospective comparison of pegfilgrastim and lipegfilgrastim combined with chemotherapy in the mobilization of CD34+ cells in NHL patients
Authors: Partanen Anu , Turunen Antti , Valtola Jaakko , Vasala Kaija , Ågren Lasse , Penttilä Karri , Pyörälä Marja , Kuittinen Taru , Mäntymaa Pentti , Pelkonen Jukka , Jantunen Esa , Varmavuo Ville
Published: April 2020

Background

Autologous stem cell transplantation (auto‐SCT) is a treatment approach in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. The options for mobilization of CD34+ cells to support high‐dose therapy are granulocyte‐colony stimulating factors (G‐CSFs) alone or after chemotherapy. Limited data exist on the efficacy of lipegfilgrastim (LIPEG) in the mobilization field.

Patients and Methods

The present prospective nonrandomized study compared LIPEG 6 mg (n = 40) with pegfilgrastim (PEG) 6 mg (n = 37) in the mobilization of blood CD34+ cells after chemotherapy in NHL patients with comparable mobilizing chemotherapy and disease status before auto‐SCT.

Results

Significantly higher blood CD34+ cell (B‐CD34+) counts were observed in the LIPEG group at the start of the first apheresis (44 vs 23 × 106/L, P = .009), in line with a higher collection yield of the first apheresis (3.3 vs 2.1 × 106/kg, P = .086) and total yield of CD34+ cells (4.7 vs 2.9 × 106/kg, P = .004). LIPEG proved to be a more effective G‐CSF, resulting in a higher B‐CD34+ cell peak (60 vs 32 × 106/L, P = .030) and higher proportion of excellent mobilizers (33% vs 8%, P = .008). The superiority of LIPEG was confirmed in the multivarite analysis concerning the CD34+ cell yield of the first apheresis day (P = .010) and the total yield (P = .001).

Conclusion

The mobilization of blood grafts with LIPEG added to chemotherapy was associated with higher CD34+ cell apheresis yields than with PEG. A randomized study is warranted to verify these findings.
Experimental and theoretical exploration on single crystal, structural, and quantum chemical parameters of (E)‐7‐(arylidene)‐1,2,6,7‐tetrahydro‐8H‐indeno[5,4‐b]furan‐8‐one derivatives: A comparative study
Authors: Adole Vishnu A. , Jagdale Bapu S. , Pawar Thansing B. , Sawant Arun B.
Published: April 2020

In the present research work, biologically important halogen‐substituted (E)‐7‐(arylidene)‐1,2,6,7‐tetrahydro‐8H‐indeno[5,4‐b]furan‐8‐one derivatives are studied from a structural investigation point of view. For a detailed molecular structure description, some quantum‐chemical calculations were performed by using the density functional theory method with a basis set 6–311++G(d,p). The optimized molecular geometry, bond length, atomic charges, bond angle, and harmonic vibrational frequencies have been investigated. The quantum and structural entities such as total energy, electron density distribution in highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, charge distribution, electronegativity, absolute hardness (η), softness, electrophilicity, chemical potential, and charge transfer in molecules (ΔNmax) have been computed using 6–311++G(d,p) basis set. Importantly, single‐crystal analysis study for (E)‐7‐(2‐chlorobenzylidene)‐1,2,6,7‐tetrahydro‐8H‐indeno[5,4‐b]furan‐8‐one (CBIF) has been presented. The single‐crystal examination reveals CBIF has triclinic crystal lattice with nonclassical intermolecular short contact interactions. The vibrational wavenumbers are calculated and the scaled values are compared with the experimental FT‐IR spectrum. Furthermore, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and some thermodynamic functions were also explored using computational work. The theoretical geometrical parameters have been compared with the experimental results obtained from the single‐crystal examination.
A novel environment‐friendly synthetic technology of dibutyl itaconate
Authors: Yu Yue , Wang Shizhen , Yang Zhong , Wang Fang , Deng Li
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

In this work, a novel environment‐friendly synthesis technology of dibutyl itaconate (DBI) with lipase as catalyst was developed. The effects of various parameters, like the sorts and amounts of lipase, reaction temperature, solvent, molar ratio of substrates, dehydrant, reactor and the reaction time have been studied and optimized. The reuse rate of lipase has been evaluated.

RESULTS

The highest conversion rate of IA was 61.8% with 97.3% purity of DBI. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: the mole ratio of itaconic acid (IA) to n‐butanol (NBA) was 1:13, the amount of Novozym 435 was 20 wt% of IA, the reaction temperature was 65 °C, the anhydrous CaCl2 was used as dehydrant, and the stirred tank reactor (STR) was used as reactor. The lipase showed reusability up to at least fourth cycle. The reaction was conducted in a solvent free system, which is an additional benefit.

CONCLUSION

An environment‐friendly synthetic technology of DBI was designed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Histological properties of oscillating intracardiac masses associated with cardiac implantable electric devices
Authors: Miyagi Yasuo , Kawase Yasuhiro , Kunugi Shinobu , Oomori Hiroya , Sasaki Takashi , Sakamoto Shun‐ichiro , Ishii Yosuke , Morota Tetsuro , Nitta Takashi , Shimizu Akira
Published: April 2020

Background

There have been a few cases of echogenic cardiac implantable electric device (CIED) lead‐associated oscillating intracardiac masses (ICMs) in leads imaged by echocardiography. The histological properties of ICMs could help clarify the etiological diagnosis. Although there is extensive literature on mass size, the histological properties of such masses have not been characterized. The aim of this research was to clarify the histological features of oscillating ICMs in CIED patients.

Methods

Preoperative echocardiography was performed in all candidates for CIED removal. In the patients with ICMs, specimens were obtained by 3 methods: direct tissue collection during open‐heart surgery; tissue collection together with the CIED lead during transvenous extraction; and tissue collection by catheter vacuum during transvenous CIED removal. A standard histopathological examination of ICM tissue was performed.

Results

A total of 106 patients underwent lead removal in our institute (April 2009‐March 2018); 14 patients had an ICM (13.2%), and 7 specimens were obtained in patients with CIED lead‐related ICM. Following histological examination, 2 types of ICM were identified: one mainly composed of thickened endocardium (EN type; 3 patients), and the other mainly an aggregate of inflammatory cells as a neutrophil cell (NC type; 4 patients).

Conclusions

Two histological types of intracardiac masses, including a thickened endocardium type and a neutrophil cell type, were identified. These classifications might help make an accurate histological diagnosis of lead‐associated intracardiac masses.
Investigating the kinetics of liquid‐free, OSDA‐free ZSM‐5 zeolite synthesis from iron ore tailings
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Suqin , Guo Penghui
Published: April 2020

In this study, ZSM‐5, which is a Mobil‐type five‐type zeolite with well‐defined crystal morphology, is successfully synthesized via a seed‐assisted, liquid‐free method that uses iron ore tailings as a silica source. The ZSM‐5 crystallization kinetics at 423, 433, and 443 K and different synthesis times are investigated to identify the nucleation and crystallization mechanisms of the synthesized ZSM‐5 zeolites, and results suggest that the crystallization kinetics follow a Kolmogorov‐Johnson‐Mehl‐Avrami‐type behavior. The activation energies for the induction and transition periods are 112.38 and 58.35 kJ mol−1, respectively. Furthermore, the Avrami exponent indicates three‐dimensional crystal growth from both sporadic and instantaneous nucleation mechanisms. A comparison of our results with previous reports of the ZSM‐5 crystallization mechanism demonstrates that the seed crystals play a significant role in nucleation and crystal growth. Finally, seed surface crystallization and new nuclei crystallization dual mechanism has been proposed to describe the crystallization process of ZSM‐5.
Reaction kinetics investigation of Malononitrile with substituted benzaldehydes in aqueous solutions of ethaline as deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Abbasi Mostafa , Harifi‐Mood Ali Reza , Lotfi Nosood Yazdanbakhsh
Published: April 2020

Due to increasing demands for ecofriendly processes within the framework of green chemistry, and having shown substantial properties, especially in terms of toxicity, biodegradability, cost, and ease of preparation under ambient conditions, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have become a suitable candidate as green solvents for reaction media in the past decade. In this work, condensation reaction of some para‐ and meta‐substituted benzaldehydes and Malononitrile was kinetically investigated in ethylene glycol‐choline chloride (ethaline) as a DES mixed with water, in the whole range of mole fractions, at room temperature. The correlation of second‐order rate coefficients based on Hammett's substituent constants yield a linear straight line with positive slope in different mole fractions of ethaline–water mixtures. The measured second‐order rate coefficients of the reaction showed a dramatic variation in ethaline–water mixtures with the increasing mole fraction of water.
Concentration and isotopic composition of mercury in a blackwater river affected by extreme flooding events
Authors: Tsui Martin Tsz‐Ki , Uzun Habibullah , Ruecker Alexander , Majidzadeh Hamed , Ulus Yener , Zhang Hongyuan , Bao Shaowu , Blum Joel D. , Karanfil Tanju , Chow Alex T.
Published: April 2020

Torrential rain and extreme flooding caused by Atlantic hurricanes mobilize a large pool of organic matter (OM) from coastal forested watersheds in the southeastern United States. However, the mobilization of toxic metals such as mercury (Hg) that are associated with this vast pool of OM are rarely measured. This study aims to assess the variations of total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) levels and the isotopic compositions of Hg in a blackwater river (Waccamaw River, SC, U.S.A.) during two recent extreme flooding events induced by Hurricane Joaquin (October 2015) and Hurricane Matthew (October 2016). We show that extreme flooding considerably increased filtered THg and MeHg concentrations associated with aromatic dissolved organic matter. During a 2‐month sampling window each year (October–November), we estimate that about 27% (2015) and 78% (2016) of the average amount of Hg deposited atmospherically during these 2 months was exported via the river. The isotopic composition of Hg in the river waters was changed only slightly by the substantial inputs of runoff from surrounding landscapes, in which mass‐dependent fractionation (as δ202Hg) decreased from −1.47 to −1.67‰ and mass‐independent fractionation (as ∆199Hg) decreased from −0.15 to −0.37‰. The slight variations in Hg isotopic composition during such extreme flooding events imply that sources of Hg in the river are nearly unchanged even under the very high wet deposition of Hg derived from the intensive rainfall. The majority of Hg exported by the river (74–85%) is estimated to have been derived from dry deposition to the watersheds. An increase in frequency and intensity of Atlantic hurricanes is expected in the next few decades due to further warming of ocean surface waters. We predict that increased hurricanes will mobilize more dry‐deposited Hg and in situ produced MeHg from these coastal watersheds where MeHg can be extensively bioaccumulated and biomagnified in the downstream aquatic food webs.
Fluorescence and Multiphoton Imaging for Tissue Characterization of a Model of Postmenopausal Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Sawyer Travis W. , Koevary Jennifer W. , Howard Caitlin C. , Austin Olivia J. , Rice Photini F. S. , Hutchens Gabrielle V. , Chambers Setsuko K. , Connolly Denise C. , Barton Jennifer K.
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives

To determine the efficacy of targeted fluorescent biomarkers and multiphoton imaging to characterize early changes in ovarian tissue with the onset of cancer.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

A transgenic TgMISIIR‐TAg mouse was used as an animal model for ovarian cancer. Mice were injected with fluorescent dyes to bind to the folate receptor α, matrix metalloproteinases, and integrins. Half of the mice were treated with 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) to simulate menopause. Widefield fluorescence imaging (WFI) and multiphoton imaging of the ovaries and oviducts were conducted at 4 and 8 weeks of age. The fluorescence signal magnitude was quantified, and texture features were derived from multiphoton imaging. Linear discriminant analysis was then used to classify mouse groups.

Results

Imaging features from both fluorescence imaging and multiphoton imaging show significant changes (P < 0.01) with age, VCD treatment, and genotype. The classification model is able to classify different groups to accuracies of 75.53%, 69.53%, and 86.76%, for age, VCD treatment, and genotype, respectively. Building a classification model using features from multiple modalities shows marked improvement over individual modalities.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that using WFI with targeted biomarkers, and multiphoton imaging with endogenous contrast shows promise for detecting early changes in ovarian tissue with the onset of cancer. The results indicate that multimodal imaging can provide higher sensitivity for classifying tissue types than using single modalities alone. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of the influence of iron‐containing abrasives on the corrosion behaviour of the aluminium alloy AlSi1.2Mg0.4
Authors: Babutzka Martin , Müller Thoralf , Mietz Jürgen , Burkert Andreas
Published: April 2020

The corrosion resistance of aluminium surfaces is closely linked to the surface state after a grinding process. For years, iron‐containing abrasive materials were suspected to lead to increased corrosion susceptibility after processing of aluminium surfaces. To prove a possible correlation between the iron content of an abrasive and the corrosion behaviour of aluminium components, scientific investigations and experimentally practical corrosion tests are necessary. For the current investigation, specimens of a technical Al‐Si alloy from the same batch were used. The test specimens were mechanically ground with various resin‐bonded model abrasives containing different iron contents. The performed corrosion tests did not reveal a negative influence of the different iron‐containing abrasives on the corrosion behaviour of the Al–Si alloy. However, the most sensitive measuring method (electrochemical noise) showed differences in the surface activity depending on the type of abrasive.
Unveiling the Effects of In Situ Layer–Layer Interfacial Reaction in Multilayer Polymer Films via Multilayered Assembly: From Microlayers to Nanolayers
Authors: Lu Bo , Alcouffe Pierre , Sudre Guillaume , Pruvost Sébastien , Serghei Anatoli , Liu Chuntai , Maazouz Abderrahim , Lamnawar Khalid
Published: April 2020

Multilayered polymer films are increasingly used in the daily life, but their macroscopic properties are always limited by the layer–layer interfacial compatibility. In this work, the influence of interface modification through in situ layer–layer interfacial reaction during a multilayered assembly is revealed from micro‐ to nanolayer films, based on maleated poly(vinylidene fluoride) and polyamide‐6. In the presence of interfacial reaction and confinement, layer architecture and microstructure are highly dependent on the number of layers. Specifically, for nanolayer films having smaller layer thicknesses and higher reaction extent, layer integrity is reduced with the occurrence of interfacial instabilities. Depending on the microstructural evolution from multilayer assembly, those films exhibit quantitatively different extensional rheological and dielectric properties from micro‐ to nanolayers. More importantly, dielectric spectroscopy reveals the contribution of copolymer‐rich interphases to the dielectric performance of micro/nanolayered films. Additionally, charge transport dynamics in nanolayered films also differ significantly from their microlayered counterparts. They are attributed to the strong dependence of interfacial reaction extent and resulting microstructure on the number of layers and layer thicknesses. This work clearly illustrates how the control of layer–layer interfacial reaction in micro/nanolayer assembly can tune the interfacial, microstructure, and macroscopic properties of multilayered products.
Switching between Stacked Toroids and Helical Supramolecular Polymers in Aqueous Nanotubules
Authors: Wang Huaxin , Lee Myongsoo
Published: April 2020

Although significant advances have been made in supramolecular tubules, reversible polymerization in the tubular walls while maintaining their intact structure remains a great challenge. Here, reversible helical supramolecular polymerization of stacked toroids is reported, while maintaining tubular structures in aqueous solution. At room temperature, the tubules consist of discrete toroid stackings with hydrophobic interior. Upon heating, the tubules based on toroid stackings undergo a reversible helical supramolecular polymerization to transform into helical tubules by interconnecting between spirally open toroids. The helical polymerization arises from a tilting transition of the closed toroids that transform into spirally open toroids driven by the thermal dehydration of a hydrophilic oligoether dendron surrounding the toroid frameworks.
Effect of nanoparticles on surface characteristics of dental nanocomposite
Authors: Salari Sepehr , Dadkan Sara , Khakbiz Mehrdad , Atai Mohammad
Published: April 2020

The main purpose of this study is to present a systematically assessment of wear characteristics of hybrid dental composites. Lanthanum oxide (La2O3) nanofillers are an imperative part of fillers in hybrid dental composites to increase their cosmetic features and radiopacity that are added as a second filler along with quartz microfillers. In this research, hybrid nanocomposite samples are synthesized by different content of La2O3 nanofillers to study their effect on surface behaviour, friction coefficient and wear resistance that further discussed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the wear track and debris. The results provide a significant influence of nanofillers on wear resistance with samples having higher nanofillers showing lower wear resistance; however, coefficient of friction reaches an optimum and increase with higher content. The wear behaviour is also related to micro‐hardness of specimens to find a detailed understanding of wear mechanism.
Bioinformatics analysis and verification of gene targets for benign tracheal stenosis
Authors: Li Xu‐ze , Wang Zi‐chen , Qiu Yong , Ma Shu‐xian , Meng Ling‐bing , Wu Wen‐hao , Zhang Pei , Yang Wei , Song Wen‐ping , Huang Lining
Published: April 2020

Background

Tracheal injury could cause intratracheal scar hyperplasia which in turn causes benign tracheal stenosis (TS). With the increasing use of mechanical ventilation and ventilator, the incidence of TS is increasing. However, the molecular mechanisms of TS have not been elucidated. It is significant to further explore the molecular mechanisms of TS.

Methods

The repeatability of public data was verified. Differently expressed genes (DEGs) and most significant genes were identified between TS and normal samples. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were analyzed. The comparative toxicogenomics database were analyzed. TS patients were recruited and RT‐qPCR were performed to verify the most significant genes.

Results

There exist strong correlations among samples of TS and normal group. There was a total of 194 DEGs, including 61 downregulated DEGs and 133 upregulated DEGs. GO were significantly enriched in mitotic nuclear division, cell cycle, and cell division. Analysis of KEGG indicated that the top pathways were cell cycle, and p53 pathway. MKI67(OMIM:176741), CCNB1(OMIM:123836), and CCNB2(OMIM:602755) were identified as the most significant genes of TS, and validated by the clinical samples.

Conclusion

Bioinformatics methods might be useful method to explore the mechanisms of TS. In addition, MKI67, CCNB1, and CCNB2 might be the most significant genes of TS.
Existence of solutions to the biaxial nematic liquid crystals with two order parameter tensors
Authors: Lin Junyu , Zou Chen
Published: April 2020

The recent paper considers some mathematical problems on a tensor model with two order parameters to the biaxial nematic liquid crystals. The energy in this model contains a cubic term and is unbounded from below. We study the gradient flow generated by this energy in two dimensions. We focus on establishing global existence of classical and weak solutions.
Haprin‐deficient spermatozoa are incapable of in vitro fertilization
Authors: Aoki Yusuke , Tsujimura Akira , Kaseda Kazuhiro , Okabe Masaru , Tokuhiro Keizo , Ohta Tomoe , O'Bryan Moira K , Okuda Hidenobu , Kitamura Kouichi , Ogawa Yukiko , Fujiki Tsukasa , Wada Morimasa , Horie Shigeo , Nishimune Yoshitake , Tanaka Hiromitsu
Published: April 2020

Haprin (TRIM36) is a ubiquitin‐protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. It is expressed in the testes in both mice and humans and is thought to be involved in spermiogenesis, the acrosome reaction, and fertilization. However, the functional role of Haprin is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological role of Haprin in fertility. Homozygous haprin‐deficient mice were generated and these mice, and their spermatozoa, were analyzed to detect morphological and fertility‐related abnormalities. In these models, normal spermatogenesis was observed but sperm quality was reduced with haprin‐deficient mice having poorer sperm morphology and motility than wild‐type mice. Interestingly, haprin‐deficient mice showed normal in vivo fertility but could not fertilize oocytes under standard in vitro fertilization conditions. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Haprin deficiency causes morphological abnormalities in spermatozoa, indicating that Haprin is involved in spermiogenesis.
Hallux valgus severity, great toe pain, and plantar pressures during gait: A cross‐sectional study of community‐dwelling adults
Authors: Clarke Gregory R. , Thomas Martin J. , Rathod‐Mistry Trishna , Marshall Michelle , Menz Hylton B. , Peat George , Roddy Edward
Published: April 2020

Background

Hallux valgus (HV) is a common disabling condition affecting 36% of adults aged 65 years and over. Identifying whether the severity of the deformity alters weight‐bearing patterns during walking may assist clinicians optimize offloading interventions. Therefore, we examined how plantar pressure distributions during walking are affected by HV severity.

Methods

Plantar pressures and maximum forces in ten regions of the foot were obtained from 120 participants (40 men, 80 women) aged ≥50 years using a pressure platform (RSscan® International, Olen, Belgium). HV severity was documented using a validated line‐drawing instrument with participants separated into four groups: none (n = 30), mild (n = 30), moderate (n = 30) and severe (n = 30). Pressure and force values were compared across HV severity, stratified by the presence or absence of great toe pain.

Results

Participants with severe HV were more likely to have great toe pain. More severe HV was associated with significant reductions in peak pressure and maximum force under the hallux but not at other sites of the foot. This association appeared strongest in those reporting great toe pain.

Conclusions

Greater HV severity is associated with great toe pain and reduced loading under the hallux when walking. These observed changes in plantar pressure and maximum force may reflect a pain avoidance mechanism.
Mesoscopic aspects of the computational homogenization with meshless modeling for masonry material
Authors: La Malfa Ribolla Emma , Giambanco Giuseppe , Spada Antonino
Published: April 2020

The multiscale homogenization scheme is becoming a diffused tool for the analysis of heterogeneous materials as masonry since it allows dealing with the complexity of formulating closed‐form constitutive laws by retrieving the material response from the solution of a unit cell (UC) boundary value problem (BVP). The robustness of multiscale simulations depends on the robustness of the nested macroscopic and mesoscopic models. In this study, specific attention is paid to the meshless solution of the UC BVP under plane stress conditions, comparing performances related to the application of linear displacement or periodic boundary conditions (BCs). The effect of the geometry of the UC is also investigated since the BVP is formulated for the two simpliest UCs, according to a displacement‐based variational formulation assuming the block indefinitely elastic and the mortar joints as zero‐thickness elasto‐plastic interfaces. It will be showed that the meshless discretization allows obtaining some advantages with respect to a standard FE mesh. The influence of the UC morphology as well as the BCs on the linear and nonlinear UC macroscopic response is discussed for pure modes of failure. The results can be constructive in view of performing a general Fe·Meshless or Meshless2 analysis.
Sexually transmitted infections and cervical cancer: Knowledge and prevention awareness among female university students in Japan
Authors: Kawata Kimiko , Koga Hinako
Published: April 2020

Aim

To examine the possible association among knowledge regarding cervical cancer, its relationship with STIs and prevention awareness of STIs of female aged 20 years or older who were recommended regular screening for cervical cancer.

Design

A cross‐sectional study using anonymous self‐administered questionnaires.

Method

The subjects were 3rd‐ and 4th‐year female university students. The association among knowledge about cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening behaviours and sexually transmitted diseases prevention behaviour awareness scale on university students (STDASUS) scores were examined using the Mann–Whitney U test and the chi‐squared test. The data collection period was June‐August, 2018.

Results

Two hundred sixty‐one questionnaires were analysed as valid responses. The study indicated a possible association between understanding that cervical cancer occurs due to a viral infection and that the virus is spread through sexual intercourse and awareness of STI prevention behaviours. Appropriate education concerning the characteristics of cervical cancer, its correlation with STIs and the importance of the screening is essential.
Brownmillerite‐Type Crystalline Ca2FeCoO5 Ultrasmall Particles with Single‐Nanometer Dimensions as an Active Cocatalyst for Oxygen Photoevolution Reaction
Authors: Tsuji Etsushi , Nanbu Ryosuke , Degami Yoshiki , Hirao Kei , Watanabe Takeyuki , Matsumoto Naoya , Suganuma Satoshi , Katada Naonobu
Published: April 2020

Brownmillerite‐type Ca2FeCoO5 (CFCO) is one of the most effective catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), comparable with noble metal oxides. In this study, crystalline CFCO ultrasmall particles with nanometric dimension are synthesized by a reverse micelle method on TiO2 nanoparticles. The particle size decreases with decreasing molar ratio of water to surfactant. The precursors of CFCO must be calcined after loading on TiO2 nanoparticles to achieve CFCO ultrasmall particles with several nanometers in size. Interaction between the precursors and TiO2 is speculated to suppress aggregation of the precursors during calcination. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for OER is improved by loading of CFCO ultrasmall particles with 5 nm, whereas the activity decreases by loading of CFCO with more than 15 nm. Photocatalytic activity of the most active CFCO/TiO2 is comparable to that of RuO2/TiO2. Both the lower edge of conduction band and higher edge of valence band of CFCO are lower and higher than those of TiO2, respectively, leading to transfer of excited holes and electrons transferred to CFCO and recombination. When the particle size of CFCO becomes several nanometric dimensions, the transferred holes rapidly reach the surface of CFCO and oxidize water molecules before recombination with electrons.
An outlook ofFMC's current and future herbicide‐resistance management strategies
Authors: Ganie Zahoor A , Obrigawitch Timothy , Kang Il‐Ho , Copeland Drake , Gutteridge Steven , May John , Schrage Brandon , Albright Robert , Chandi Aman
Published: April 2020

Herbicide resistance has emerged globally as a serious threat to profitable crop production. FMC promotes integrated weed management approaches including responsible use of existing herbicides, use of non‐herbicide weed control tools, awareness about herbicide resistance issues, and support to herbicide resistance management initiatives. FMC is dedicated to developing sustainable weed control solutions through the discovery of new herbicides with novel sites‐of‐action, effective formulations, advanced application technology, and proactive monitoring for herbicide resistance. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
20‐Hydroxyecdysone regulates the prophenoloxidase cascade to immunize Metarhizium anisopliae in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Han Pengfei , Gong Qitian , Fan Jiqiao , Zhang Min , Abbas Mureed , Zhu Wenya , Deng Sufang , Xing Shuping , Zhang Jianzhen
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

PPO (prophenoloxidase) cascade plays an important role in resisting invasion of entomogenous fungus. The 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) exerts potent effect on the innate immunity in many insects. However, whether 20E controls the PPO cascade system against fungi and the regulatory mechanism in insects remains unclear.

RESULTS

In this study, both the proteome and transcriptome of Locusta migratoria were determined followed by the induction of 20E. Pattern recognition receptor GNBP‐2 (Gram‐negative binding proteins) has been identified that responded to 20E at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. The PPO gene expression in fat body and PO (phenoloxidase) activity in plasma was found significantly induced after 20E injection and during the high‐20E developmental stage. However, when 20E signal was blocked by RNA interference (RNAi) of ecdysone receptor, the expression level of PPO and PO activity failed to be increased by 20E. Thus, 20E could not significantly induce the expression of PPO gene and PO activity after RNAi of GNBP‐2. Furthermore, 20E treatment notably enhanced the resistance of L. migratoria against Metarhizium anisopliae. Followed by of GNBP‐2 silencing, the mortality of nymphs was significantly increased under the stress of Metarhizium anisopliae, and 20E injection could not increase the resistance.

CONCLUSION

The 20E regulates the PPO system to resist fungal invasion via regulating GNBP‐2 in worldwide pest L. migratoria. Our results provide insight into the mechanism of how 20E enhances the antimicrobial immunity, and will be beneficial for modification of entomogenous fungi targeting on hormones and the immune system. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Lattice Dynamics of Sb2Se3 from Inelastic Neutron and X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Herrmann Markus G. , Stoffel Ralf P. , Sergueev Ilya , Wille Hans-Christian , Leupold Olaf , Ait Haddouch Mohammed , Sala Gabriele , Abernathy Doug L. , Voigt Jörg , Hermann Raphaël P. , Dronskowski Richard , Friese Karen
Published: April 2020

The lattice dynamics of orthorhombic Sb2Se3 is studied by a combination of inelastic neutron and 121Sb nuclear inelastic scattering giving access to the total and Sb partial density of phonon states (DPS). The Se partial DPS is determined from the difference between the total and Sb partial DPS. The total DPS is determined at 39, 150, and 300 K, and an analysis of the temperature‐induced mode shifts in combination with low‐temperature powder diffraction data is provided. Using an earlier reported theoretical approach, the corresponding total and partial DPS of Sb2Se3 are calculated by first‐principles calculations. Herein, a detailed analysis of the Grüneisen parameter, element‐specific and bulk Debye temperatures, and the mean force constants as derived from the experimental data and discrete Fourier transform calculations is provided. In general, the calculations underestimate the strength of the covalent SbSe bonds.