bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Impact of Microscopic Tumor Involved Resection Margin in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients after Gastric Resection
Authors: Woo Jung‐Woo , Ryu Keun Won , Park Ji Yeon , Eom Bang Wool , Kim Mi Jung , Yoon Hong Man , Park Sook Ryun , Kook Myeong‐Cherl , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young‐Woo , Park Young‐Iee
Published: October 2013

Background

The prognosis of patients with positive surgical resection margins is dismal in gastric cancer. However, the influence of positive margin itself on prognosis is still uncertain, especially in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). The aims of the present study were to evaluate the prognostic impact of microscopic tumor involved resection margins in stage III–IV AGC after gastric resection in comparison with other well‐known factors.

Methods

Among 1,536 consecutive gastric cancer patients who received intentional curative resection for stage III–IV AGC between April 2001 and December 2011 at the National Cancer Center, 35 patients (2.28 %) had positive resection margins on their final histology. A comparison of clinicopathologic characteristics, recurrence pattern, overall survival (OS), and disease‐free survival (DFS) was made between positive margin (PM) patients and negative margin (NM) patients.

Results

Among the 35 PM patients, 15 (42.9 %) had proximal involved margins, 21 (60.0 %) had distal involved margins, and one (2.9 %) had both involved margins. Twenty‐eight PM patients (80.0 %) were stage III, and 7 (20.0 %) were stage IV. Recurrence was significantly higher in PM than NM (63.6 % vs. 39.7 %, respectively; p = 0.005). The OS and DFS rates were significantly lower in the PM group than in the NM group (14.9 vs. 36.3 months, p < 0.001 and 11.6 vs. 27.1 months, p = 0.005, respectively). The presence of PM was an independent risk factor for both OS and DFS.

Conclusions

The presence of PM is an independent risk factor for OS and DFS. Considering the prognostic impact of PM, a sufficient resection margin should be ensured when determining the resection line in gastrectomy with curative intent. The reoperation to secure clear resection margins should be considered as a treatment of choice in the case of PM.
Injury Patterns in Recreational Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding at a Mountainside Clinic
Authors: Coury Tim , Napoli Anthony M. , Wilson Matthew , Daniels Jeff , Murray Ryan , Milzman Dave
Published: October 2013

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the demographic and injury characteristics of skiing and snowboarding at a mountainside clinic.

Methods

Prospectively collected data of all acutely injured patients at the Big Sky Medical Clinic at the base of Big Sky Ski Area in the Northern Rocky Mountains were reviewed. A total of 1593 patients filled out the study questionnaire during the 1995–2000 and 2009–2010 ski seasons. Injury patterns by sport, demographics, and skill level were analyzed and compared over time.

Results

The mean overall age was 32.9 ± 14.9 years, 35.4 ± 15.2 for skiers and 23.6 ± 9.5 for snowboarders ( P < .01). The knee accounted for 43% of all skiing injuries, the shoulder 12%, and the thumb 8%. The wrist accounted for 18% of all snowboarding injuries, the shoulders 14%, and the ankle and knee each 13%. Beginner snowboarders were more likely to present with wrist injuries compared with intermediate ( P = .04) and advanced snowboarders ( P < .01). Demographic and injury patterns did not significantly change over time.

Conclusions

At this mountainside clinic, the most frequent ski injuries are to the knee and shoulder, regardless of skill level. Beginning snowboarders most frequently injure their wrists whereas shoulder injuries remain frequent at all skill levels. Knowledge of these injury patterns may help manage patients who present for medical care in the prehospital setting as well as help in designing targeted educational tools for injury prevention.
Thin power-law film flow down an inclined plane: consistent shallow-water models and stability under large-scale perturbations
Authors: Noble Pascal , Vila Jean-Paul
Published: October 2013

In this paper we derive consistent shallow-water equations for the flow of thin films of power-law fluids down an incline. These models account for the streamwise diffusion of momentum, which is important to describe accurately the full dynamics of thin-film flows when instabilities such as roll waves arise. These models are validated through a comparison with the Orr–Sommerfeld equations for large-scale perturbations. We consider only laminar flow for which the boundary layer issued from the interaction of the flow with the bottom surface has an influence all over the transverse direction to the flow. In this case the concept itself of a thin film and its relation with long-wave asymptotics leads naturally to flow conditions around a uniform free-surface Poiseuille flow. The apparent viscosity diverges at the free surface, which, in turn, introduces a singularity in the formulation of the Orr–Sommerfeld equations and in the derivation of shallow-water models. We remove this singularity by introducing a weaker formulation of the Cauchy momentum equations. No regularization procedure is needed, nor any distinction between shear thinning and thickening cases. Our analysis, though, is only valid when the flow behaviour index $n$ is larger than $1/ 2$, and strongly suggests that the Cauchy momentum equations are ill-posed if $n\leq 1/ 2$.
Modeling Global Wine Markets to 2018: Exchange Rates, Taste Changes, and China's Import Growth
Authors: Anderson Kym , Wittwer Glyn
Published: October 2013

In this paper, we use a revised, expanded, and updated version of a global model first developed by Wittwer et al. (2003) to project the wine markets of its 44 countries plus seven residual country groups to 2018. Because real exchange rate (RER) changes have played a key role in the fortunes of wine market participants in some countries in recent years, we use the model to analyze their impact, first retrospectively during 2007–11 and then prospectively during the period to 2018 under two alternative sets of RERs: no change, and a halfway return to 2009 rates. In both scenarios, we assume a return to the gradual trend toward premium wines and away from nonpremium wines. The other major development expected to affect the world's wine trade is growth in China's import demand. Alternative simulations provide a range of possibilities, but even the low-growth scenario suggests that China's place in global wine markets is likely to become increasingly prominent. (JEL Classifications: C53, F11, F17, Q13).
Diversification in Private Equity Funds: On Knowledge Sharing, Risk Aversion, and Limited Attention
Authors: Humphery-Jenner Mark
Published: October 2013

This paper examines diversification as a source of value creation and destruction in private equity (PE) funds. Previous literature has focused on the “diversification discount” in corporations. However, in PE funds, diversification might increase returns by ameliorating managerial risk aversion and facilitating knowledge sharing. I examine a sample of 1,505 PE funds and show that industry and geographic diversification can increasePE fund returns. This is likely due to knowledge sharing and learning, not merely risk reduction. Diversification can reduce returns if it spreads staff too thinly across industries or is motivated by risk aversion rather than performance bonuses.
Age-Friendly Rural Communities: Conceptualizing ‘Best-Fit’
Authors: Keating Norah , Eales Jacquie , Phillips Judith E.
Published: October 2013

La littérature sur les communautés amies des aînés est axé principalement sur un modèle de vieillissement en un milieu urbain, en omettant ainsi de refléter la diversité des communautés rurales. Dans cet article, nous abordons cette lacune en se concentrant sur la notion de la communauté dans un contexte rural et en demandant ce qui crée une bonne adaptation entre les personnes âgées et leur environnement. Cela se fait grace à (1) comptes autobiographiques et biographiqus de deux environnements géographiques très différents de subsistence: les communautés bucoliques et contournées, et à (b) l’analyse des besoins et des ressources différents des deux groupes de personnes: les personnes âgées marginalisées et actives qui vivent dans ces deux communautés rurales différentes. Nous affirmons que la définition originale de 2007 de l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), de “amie des aînés” doit être repensée pour tenir compte des besoins et ressources explicitement différents de la communauté, pour être plus inclusive ainsi que plus interactive et dynamique en intégrant les changements qui sont survenus au fil du temps chez les personnes et les lieux.
Dynamics of Schmallenberg virus infection within a cattle herd in Germany, 2011
Authors: WERNIKE K. , SILAGHI C. , NIEDER M. , PFEFFER M. , BEER M.
Published: October 2013

In late 2011, the insect-transmitted Schmallenberg virus (SBV) emerged in Europe. In this study, a cattle farm located in the core region of the epidemic was closely monitored between May 2011 and January 2012. Up to the end of September every tested serum sample was negative by an SBV-specific antibody ELISA, suggesting the absence of an infection before autumn 2011. Around the end of September/beginning of October SBV genome was detected in blood samples of some animals, and a few cows exhibited fever during that period. Starting at the end of September the first cows seroconverted; the within-herd prevalence reached 100% within barely 1 month. Consequently, SBV spread rapidly in the tested herd during the vector season of 2011.
Yersinia enterocoliticainfections associated with improperly pasteurized milk products: southwest Pennsylvania, March–August, 2011
Authors: LONGENBERGER A. H. , GRONOSTAJ M. P. , YEE G. Y. , JOHNSON L. M. , LANDO J. F. , VOORHEES R. E. , WALLER K. , WELTMAN A. C. , MOLL M. , LYSS S. B. , CADWELL B. L. , GLADNEY L. M. , OSTROFF S. M.
Published: October 2013

In July 2011, a cluster ofYersinia enterocoliticainfections was detected in southwestern Pennsylvania, USA. We investigated the outbreak's source and scope in order to prevent further transmission. Twenty-two persons were diagnosed with yersiniosis; 16 of whom reported consuming pasteurized dairy products from dairy A. Pasteurized milk and food samples were collected from this dairy.Y. enterocoliticawas isolated from two products. Isolates from both food samples and available clinical isolates from nine dairy A consumers were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Environmental and microbiological investigations were performed at dairy A and pasteurization deficiencies were noted. Because consumption of pasteurized milk is common and outbreaks have the potential to become large, public health interventions such as consumer advisories or closure of the dairy must be implemented quickly to prevent additional cases if epidemiological or laboratory evidence implicates pasteurized milk as the outbreak source.
Assessment of myocardial function in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus using tissue Doppler imaging
Authors: Parikh Ravikumar , Negrine Robert J. S. , Chikermane Ashish , Rasiah Shree Vishna , Ewer Andrew K.
Published: October 2013

Objective:To assess myocardial function in preterm infants with different degrees of ductal patency in the first week of life using tissue Doppler imaging.Study design:Infants <30 weeks of gestation underwent echocardiography on day 3. A total of 72 infants were recruited into the study and categorised into three groups (i) haemodyamically significant ductus arteriosus, (ii) patent ductus arteriosus and (iii) no patent ductus arteriosus. Those with haemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus were treated with indometacin and echocardiography was repeated after 48–72 hours following treatment. Peak systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities were obtained using tissue Doppler imaging, and myocardial performance index was calculated.Results:Initial myocardial velocities were significantly lower and myocardial performance index significantly higher in the haemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus group compared with other groups. For the haemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus group, post-treatment myocardial velocities were higher and myocardial performance index lower than pre-treatment.Conclusion:Preterm infants with haemodynamically significant ductus arteriosus had lower myocardial velocities and higher myocardial performance index, suggesting relative systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction. Babies whose patent ductus arteriosus remained open despite indometacin had lower pre-treatment myocardial velocities and higher myocardial performance index than those babies whose patent ductus arteriosus closed, suggesting worse myocardial function in this group. Measurement of myocardial function using tissue Doppler imaging in preterm infants is feasible and may prove to be helpful in the management of babies with patent ductus arteriosus.
Team Echo: Observations and Lessons Learned in the Recovery Phase of the 2004 Asian Tsunami
Authors: Bridgewater Franklin H.G. , Aspinall Edward T. , Booth Joy P.M. , Capps Roger A. , Grantham Hugh J.M. , Pearce Andrew P. , Ritchie Brett K.
Published: October 2013

The 26 December 2004 Tsunami resulted in a death toll of >270,000 persons, making it the most lethal tsunami in recorded history. This article presents performance data observations and the lessons learned by a civilian team dispatched by the Australian government to “provide clinical and surgical functions and to make public health assessments”. The team, prepared and equipped for deployment four days after the event, arrived at its destination 13 days after the Tsunami. Aspiration pneumonia, tetanus, and extensive soft tissue wounds of the lower extremities were the prominent injuries encountered. Surgical techniques had to be adapted to work in the austere environment. The lessons learned included: (1) the importance of team member selection; (2) strategies for self-sufficiency; (3) personnel readiness and health considerations; (4) face-to-face handover; (5) coordination and liaison; (6) the characteristics of injuries; (7) the importance of protocols for patient discharge and hospital staffing; and (8) requirements for interpreter services.

Whereas disaster medical relief teams will be required in the future, the composition and equipment needs will differ according to the nature of the disaster. National teams should be on standby for international response.
Feelings of rewards among family caregivers during ongoing palliative care
Authors: Henriksson Anette , Carlander Ida , Årestedt Kristofer
Published: October 2013

Objectives:

Palliative family caregivers appear to experience the rewards of caregiving concurrent with burdens and negative feelings. Relatively few studies have attended to the positive and rewarding aspects in palliative family caregiving. In addition, most studies on rewards are retrospective and examine the experiences of bereaved family caregivers. The present study aimed at describing feelings of reward among family caregivers during ongoing palliative care. A further aim was to compare the experience of rewards in relation to sex and age.

Methods:

The sample consisted of 125 family caregivers and took place in three specialist palliative care units and one hematology unit. Participants answered a questionnaire including demographic background questions and the Rewards of Caregiving Scale (RCS). Descriptive statistics were employed to describe characteristics of the participants and the level of rewards. A Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare differences between groups of different sex and age.

Results:

Palliative family caregivers reported general high levels of reward. The greatest source of rewards involved feelings of being helpful to patients. This was closely followed by giving something to patients that brought them happiness and being there for them. The smallest sources of rewards were related to personal growth, self-satisfaction, and personal meaning. There was also an association between rewards and age but not between men and women.

Significance of results:

Family caregivers experienced the rewards of caregiving during ongoing palliative care despite their unique and stressful situation. Feelings of reward seem to be about handling a situation in a satisfying way, feeling competent and confident to take care of the patient and thereby feeling proud. Support could preferably be designed to improve a family caregiver's ability to care and to facilitate the positive aspects and rewards of caregiving and focus on strengths and resources.
Snapshot of an acute palliative care unit in a tertiary cancer hospital
Authors: Reddy Akhila , Vidal Marieberta , de la Cruz Maxine , Yennurajalingam Sriram , Bruera Eduardo
Published: October 2013

Most palliative care (PC) programs in the United States provide consultation services that assist the primary medical team with issues ranging from controlling patients' symptoms to initiating end-of-life discussions. This approach may be sufficient to address many patients' needs. However, for certain patients with complex medical and psychosocial issues, a better alternative is a more streamlined approach that can be provided in an acute palliative care unit (APCU), where the PC staff assumes the role of the primary team. An APCU is a specialized unit that delivers highly sophisticated care with professionals from various disciplines working together to improve the quality of life of patients and their families. However, descriptions of the process of delivering PC in the APCU are limited. In this special report, we portray a single day with a series of patients whose care was managed at our APCU to illustrate the unique components of an APCU that allow holistic care for patients with multiple complex medical and psychosocial issues.
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and Innovation Climate: the Role of LMX Differentiation
Authors: Tordera Núria , González-Romá Vicente
Published: October 2013

Leader-member Exchange (LMX) theory has been shown to be one of the most compelling theories for understanding the effects of leadership on organizational behavior. This theory proposes that leaders establish differentiated relationships with each of their subordinates according to the exchanges produced between them. Recently, the concept of LMX differentiation has been introduced into the theory to extend research from the dyadic to the group level. The present paper uses a longitudinal design to analyze the moderator role of LMX differentiation in the relationship between mean LMX and innovation climate in a sample of 24 healthcare teams. The results showed no direct effects of mean LMX on changes in innovation climate over time. However, they provide support for the moderator effect of LMX differentiation in this relationship, as it was stronger when LMX differentiation was low than when it was high.
Extrakranielle stereotaktische Radiotherapie bei frühen nicht-kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinomen und Oligometastasen
Authors: Riesterer Oliver
Published: October 2013

Die extrakranielle stereotaktische Radiotherapie (ESRT) ist eine neue Bestrahlungstechnik, die Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Radiotherapieplanung, der Intensitätsmodulation und der Bildsteuerung integriert. Mit der ESRT ist es möglich Tumore anstelle von sechs Wochen in nur wenigen Tagen und mit ablativer Dosis zu behandeln. Prospektive Phase-II-Studien belegen die Wirksamkeit der ESRT bei der Behandlung von Patienten mit inoperablen frühen nichtkleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinomen. Die dabei erreichten Tumorkontrollraten betragen 85–95% bei akzeptabler Toxizität. In der Klinik wird die ESRT auch zunehmend zur Behandlung von Metastasen in Lunge, Leber, Retroperitoneum und im Knochen angewendet. Da mit der ESRT eine lokal kurative Dosis in kurzer Zeit verabreicht werden kann, eröffnet diese Therapieform auch neue Perspektiven für die Behandlung von Patienten mit Oligometastasen.
Künstlerisches Forschen über Josef Forster, einem „Künstlerpatienten” der Sammlung Prinzhorn
Authors: Niederreiter Lisa
Published: October 2013

Künstlerisches/ästhetisches Forschen wird hier am Beispiel eines Projektseminars zu Josef Forster einem Psychiatriepatienten aus der Sammlung Prinzhorn vorgestellt und als innovative Lehrmethode innerhalb der Kunsttherapie erläutert. Der Seminarverlauf, sowie die Beschreibung und Reflexion der einzelnen künstlerischen Ergebnisse machen das Potential künstlerischen Forschens als Generierung von Wissen und Erkenntnis anschaulich und ergänzen dies um grundsätzliche Überlegungen zu künstlerischer Forschung auch im angloamerikanischen Kontext des „art based research”.
Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict Acetaminophen Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics in Children
Authors: Jiang X‐L , Zhao P , Barrett JS , Lesko LJ , Schmidt S
Published: October 2013

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug that undergoes extensive phase I and II metabolism. To better understand the kinetics of this process and to characterize the dynamic changes in metabolism and pharmacokinetics (PK) between children and adults, we developed a physiologically based PK (PBPK) model for APAP integrating in silico, in vitro, and in vivo PK data into a single model. The model was developed and qualified for adults and subsequently expanded for application in children by accounting for maturational changes from birth. Once developed and qualified, it was able to predict clinical PK data in neonates (0–28 days), infants (29 days to <2 years), children (2 to <12 years), and adolescents (12–17 years) following intravenous and orally administered APAP. This approach represents a general strategy for projecting drug exposure in children, in the absence of pediatric PK information, using previous drug‐ and system‐specific information of adults and children through PBPK modeling.

CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e80; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.55; advance online publication 16 October 2013
Optical waves in a gradient negative-index lens of a half-infinite length
Authors: Ding Yi S. , Chan C. T. , Wang R. P.
Published: October 2013

Materials with negative permittivity and permeability can overcome the diffraction limit, thereby making the sub-wavelength imaging possible. In this study, we analyze the effects of gradient index on a half-infinite perfect lens. We assume that the sharp interface between the vacuum and the negative-index material is replaced by a smooth transition profile such that the index gradually changing from positive to negative. Interestingly, we find that if the graded index profile is modeled by a tanh function, we can have closed-form analytical solutions for this problem, which is a distinct advantage as numerical solutions are not accurate for evanescent waves with large transverse wave vectors. By analyzing the analytical formulas we confirm that a nonzero total absorption can occur even for a near-zero absorption coefficient in the steady-state limit and the image plane contains multiple sub-wavelength images of an object.
Universal phonon mean free path spectra in crystalline semiconductors at high temperature
Authors: Freedman Justin P. , Leach Jacob H. , Preble Edward A. , Sitar Zlatko , Davis Robert F. , Malen Jonathan A.
Published: October 2013

Thermal conductivity in non-metallic crystalline materials results from cumulative contributions of phonons that have a broad range of mean free paths. Here we use high frequency surface temperature modulation that generates non-diffusive phonon transport to probe the phonon mean free path spectra of GaAs, GaN, AlN and 4H-SiC at temperatures near 80 K, 150 K, 300 K and 400 K. We find that phonons with MFPs greater than 230 ± 120 nm, 1000 ± 200 nm, 2500 ± 800 nm and 4200 ± 850 nm contribute 50% of the bulk thermal conductivity of GaAs, GaN, AlN and 4H-SiC near room temperature. By non-dimensionalizing the data based on Umklapp scattering rates of phonons, we identified a universal phonon mean free path spectrum in small unit cell crystalline semiconductors at high temperature.
Observation of T2-like coherent optical phonons in epitaxial Ge2Sb2Te5/GaSb(001) films
Authors: Shalini A. , Liu Y. , Al-Jarah U.A.S. , Srivastava G. P. , Wright C. D. , Katmis F. , Braun W. , Hicken R. J.
Published: October 2013

The phonon spectrum of Ge2Sb2Te5is a signature of its crystallographic structure and underlies the phase transition process used in memory applications. Epitaxial materials allow coherent optical phonons to be studied in femtosecond anisotropic reflectance measurements. A dominant phonon mode with frequency of 3.4 THz has been observed in epitaxial Ge2Sb2Te5grown on GaSb(001). The dependence of signal strength upon pump and probe polarization is described by a theory of transient stimulated Raman scattering that accounts for the symmetry of the crystallographic structure through use of the Raman tensor. The 3.4 THz mode has the character of the 3 dimensional T2mode expected for the Ohpoint group, confirming that the underlying crystallographic structure is cubic. New modes are observed in both Ge2Sb2Te5and GaSb after application of large pump fluences and are interpreted as 1 and 2 dimensional modes associated with segregation of Sb.
Assessing Gestures in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ellawadi Allison Bean , Weismer Susan Ellis
Published: October 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether scoring of the gestures
point,
give,
and
show
were correlated across measurement tools used to assess gesture production in children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method

Seventy-eight children with ASD between the ages of 23 and 37 months participated. Correlational analyses were conducted to determine whether performance of 3 key gestures related to joint attention and behavior regulation (
point, give, show
) were correlated across 3 different measurement tools: the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, the Early Social Communication Scale, and the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Gestures. To establish whether different measures were related at different points in development, children were subdivided into 2 groups based on their expressive language levels.

Results

The scoring of gesture performance was not entirely consistent across assessment methods. The score that a child received appeared to be influenced by theoretical perspective, gesture definition, and assessment methodology, as well as developmental level.

Conclusion

When assessing the gestures of children with ASD, clinicians should determine what aspects of gesture they are interested in profiling, gather data from multiple sources, and consider performance in light of the measurement tool.
Language Learning of Children With Typical Development Using a Deductive Metalinguistic Procedure
Authors: Finestack Lizbeth H.
Published: October 2013

Purpose

In the current study, the author aimed to determine whether 4- to 6-year-old typically developing children possess requisite problem-solving and language abilities to produce, generalize, and retain a novel verb inflection when taught using an explicit, deductive teaching procedure.

Method

Study participants included a cross-sectional sample of 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old children with typical cognitive and language development. The 66 participants were randomly assigned to either a deductive or inductive teaching condition in which they were taught a novel gender morphological inflection across 4 sessions. Learning was assessed on the basis of performance on learning, generalization, and maintenance probes.

Results

Across all age groups, children were more likely to successfully use the novel gender form when taught using the deductive procedure than if taught using the inductive procedure (Φ range: .33–.73). Analyses within each age group revealed a robust effect for the 5-year-old children, with less consistent effects across the other age groups.

Conclusions

Study results suggest that 4- to 6-year-old children with typical language and cognitive abilities are able to make use of a deductive language teaching procedure when learning a novel gender inflection. Evidence also suggests that this effect is driven by expressive and receptive language ability.
Comparison of Vocal Loading Parameters in Kindergarten and Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Remacle Angélique , Morsomme Dominique , Finck Camille
Published: October 2013

Purpose

Although a global picture exists of teachers' voice demands in general, few studies have compared specific groups of teachers to determine whether some are more at risk than others. This study compared the vocal loadings of kindergarten and elementary school teachers; professional and nonprofessional vocal load were determined for both groups.

Method

Twelve kindergarten and 20 elementary school female teachers without voice problems were monitored during 1 workweek using the Ambulatory Phonation Monitor. Vocal loading parameters analyzed were F0, SPL, time dose, distance dose, and cycle dose.

Results

Comparisons between the groups showed significantly higher cycle dose and distance dose for kindergarten teachers than for elementary school teachers, in both professional and nonprofessional environments. Professional and nonprofessional voice use comparisons showed significant differences for all parameters, indicating that vocal load was higher in the professional environment for both groups.

Conclusions

The higher vocal doses measured in kindergarten teachers suggest that particular attention should be paid to this specific group of teachers. Although nonprofessional vocal load is lower than professional vocal load, it is important to take both into account because of their cumulative effects.
Traumatic Lumbosacral Spondyloptosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Akesen Burak , Mutlu Müren , Kara Kürşat , Aydınlı Ufuk
Published: October 2013

Study Design

Case report and review of the literature.

Objective

To report a case of traumatic L5–S1 spondyloptosis and review the literature.

Method

A 28-year-old man presented with severe low back pain, numbness at the soles of feet, and bowel and bladder dysfunction. Two days before admission, a tree trunk fell on his back while he was seated. A two-stage posterior-anterior procedure was performed. At the first stage, posterior decompression, reduction, and fusion with instrumentation were performed. At the second stage, which was performed 6 days after the first stage, the patient underwent anterior lumbar interbody fusion. The patient received physical therapy 1 week after the second stage.

Results

The patient's numbness improved immediately after the first posterior surgery. His fecal and urinary incontinence improved 6 months after discharge. He has been pain-free for a year and has returned to work.

Conclusion

A PubMed search was performed using the following keywords: lumbosacral spondyloptosis, lumbosacral dislocation, and L5–S1 traumatic dislocation. The search returned only nine reported cases of traumatic spondyloptosis. Traumatic spondyloptosis at the lumbosacral junction is a rare ailment that should be suspected in cases of high, direct, and posterior impact on the low lumbar area, and surgical treatment should be the standard choice of care.
Experiments with a Novel Content-Based Image Retrieval Software: Can We Eliminate Classification Systems in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?
Authors: Menon K. Venugopal , Kumar Dinesh V.P. , Thomas Tessamma
Published: October 2013

Study Design

Preliminary evaluation of new tool.

Objective

To ascertain whether the newly developed content-based image retrieval (CBIR) software can be used successfully to retrieve images of similar cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) from a database to help plan treatment without adhering to a classification scheme.

Methods

Sixty-two operated cases of AIS were entered into the newly developed CBIR database. Five new cases of different curve patterns were used as query images. The images were fed into the CBIR database that retrieved similar images from the existing cases. These were analyzed by a senior surgeon for conformity to the query image.

Results

Within the limits of variability set for the query system, all the resultant images conformed to the query image. One case had no similar match in the series. The other four retrieved several images that were matching with the query. No matching case was left out in the series. The postoperative images were then analyzed to check for surgical strategies. Broad guidelines for treatment could be derived from the results. More precise query settings, inclusion of bending films, and a larger database will enhance accurate retrieval and better decision making.

Conclusion

The CBIR system is an effective tool for accurate documentation and retrieval of scoliosis images. Broad guidelines for surgical strategies can be made from the postoperative images of the existing cases without adhering to any classification scheme.
Critical behaviour of the Ising ferromagnet confined in quasi-cylindrical pores: A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Guisandez Leandro E. , Zarragoicoechea Guillermo J. , Albano Ezequiel V.
Published: October 2013

The critical behaviour of the Ising ferromagnet confined in pores of radius R and length L is studied by means of Monte Carlo computer simulations. Quasi-cylindrical pores are obtained by replicating n-times a triangular lattice disc of radius R, where L = na and a is the spacing between consecutive replications. So, spins placed at the surface of the pores have less nearest-neighbours (NN) as compared to 8 NN for spins in the bulk. These “missing neighbour” effects undergone by surface spins cause a strong suppression of surface ordering, leading to an ordinary surface transition. Also, the effect propagates into the bulk for small tubes (R ⩽ 12) and the effective critical temperature of the pores is shifted towards lower values than in the bulk case. By applying the standard finite-size scaling theory, subsequently supported by numerical data, we concluded that data collapse of relevant observables, e.g., magnetization (m), susceptibility, specific heat, etc., can only be observed by comparing simulation results obtained by keeping the aspect ratio C ≡ R/L constant. Also, by extrapolating “effective” R-dependent critical temperatures to the thermodynamic limit (R → ∞, C fixed), we obtained TC(∞) = 6.208(4). As suggested by finite-size scaling arguments, the magnetization is measured at the critical point scales according to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\langle |m|\rangle _{T_c}R^{\frac{\beta }{\nu }}\propto \left[\frac{R}{L}\right]^ {\frac{1}{2}}$\end{document}⟨|m|⟩TcRβν∝RL12, where β and ν are the standard exponents for the order parameter and the correlation length, respectively. Furthermore, it is shown that close to criticality the axial correlation length decreases exponentially with the distance. That result is the signature of the formation of (randomly distributed) alternating domains of different magnetization, which can be directly observed by means of snapshot configurations, whose typical length (ξ) is given by the characteristic length of the exponential decay of correlations. Moreover, we show that at criticality ξ = 0.43(2)R.
Electron-induced chemistry of methyl chloride caged within amorphous solid water
Authors: Horowitz Yonatan , Asscher Micha
Published: October 2013

The interaction of low energy electrons (1.0–25 eV) with methyl-chloride (CD3Cl) molecules, caged within Amorphous Solid Water (ASW) films, 10–120 monolayer (ML) thick, has been studied on top of a Ru(0001) substrate under Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) conditions. While exposing the ASW film to 3 eV electrons a static electric field up to 8 × 108 V/m is developed inside the ASW film due to the accumulation of trapped electrons that produce a plate capacitor voltage of exactly 3 V. At the same time while the electrons continuously strike the ASW surface, they are transmitted through the ASW film at currents of ca. 3 × 10−7 A. These electrons transiently attach to the caged CD3Cl molecules leading to C–Cl bond scission via Dissociative Electron Attachment (DEA) process. The electron induced dissociation cross sections and product formation rate constants at 3.0 eV incident electrons at ASW film thicknesses of 10 ML and 40 ML were derived from model simulations supported by Thermal Programmed Desorption (TPD) experimental data. For 3.0 eV electrons the CD3Cl dissociation cross section is 3.5 × 10−16 cm2, regardless of ASW film thickness. TPD measurements reveal that the primary product is deuterated methane (D3CH) and the minor one is deuterated ethane (C2D6).
On the accuracy of van der Waals inclusive density-functional theory exchange-correlation functionals for ice at ambient and high pressures
Authors: Santra Biswajit , Klimeš Jiří , Tkatchenko Alexandre , Alfè Dario , Slater Ben , Michaelides Angelos , Car Roberto , Scheffler Matthias
Published: October 2013

Density-functional theory (DFT) has been widely used to study water and ice for at least 20 years. However, the reliability of different DFT exchange-correlation (xc) functionals for water remains a matter of considerable debate. This is particularly true in light of the recent development of DFT based methods that account for van der Waals (vdW) dispersion forces. Here, we report a detailed study with several xc functionals (semi-local, hybrid, and vdW inclusive approaches) on ice Ih and six proton ordered phases of ice. Consistent with our previous study [B. Santra, J. Klimeš, D. Alfè, A. Tkatchenko, B. Slater, A. Michaelides, R. Car, and M. Scheffler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 185701 (2011)] which showed that vdW forces become increasingly important at high pressures, we find here that all vdW inclusive methods considered improve the relative energies and transition pressures of the high-pressure ice phases compared to those obtained with semi-local or hybrid xc functionals. However, we also find that significant discrepancies between experiment and the vdW inclusive approaches remain in the cohesive properties of the various phases, causing certain phases to be absent from the phase diagram. Therefore, room for improvement in the description of water at ambient and high pressures remains and we suggest that because of the stern test the high pressure ice phases pose they should be used in future benchmark studies of simulation methods for water.
Determining the phase diagram of water from direct coexistence simulations: The phase diagram of the TIP4P/2005 model revisited
Authors: Conde M. M. , Gonzalez M. A. , Abascal J. L. F. , Vega C.
Published: October 2013

Direct coexistence simulations between the fluid and solid phases are performed for several ices. For ices Ih and VII it has already been shown that the methodology is successful and the melting point is in agreement with that obtained from free energy calculations. In this work the methodology is applied to ices II, III, V, and VI. The lengths of the direct coexistence runs for the high pressure polymorphs are not too long and last less than 20 ns for all ices except for ice II where longer runs (of about 150 ns) are needed. For ices II, V, and VI the results obtained are completely consistent with those obtained from free energy calculations. However, for ice III it is found that the melting point from direct coexistence simulations is higher than that obtained from free energy calculations, the difference being greater than the statistical error. Since ice III presents partial proton orientational disorder, the departure is attributed to differences in the partial proton order in the water model with respect to that found in the experiment. The phase diagram of the TIP4P/2005 model is recalculated using the melting points obtained from direct coexistence simulations. The new phase diagram is similar to the previous one except for the coexistence lines where ice III is involved. The range of stability of ice III on the p-T plot of the phase diagram increases significantly. It is seen that the model qualitatively describes the phase diagram of water. In this work it is shown that the complete phase diagram of water including ices Ih, II, III, V, VI, VII, and the fluid phase can be obtained from direct coexistence simulations without the need of free energy calculations.
Classical r-matrices via semidualisation
Authors: Osei Prince K. , Schroers Bernd J.
Published: October 2013

We study the interplay between double cross sum decompositions of a given Lie algebra and classical r-matrices for its semidual. For a class of Lie algebras which can be obtained by a process of generalised complexification we derive an expression for classical r-matrices of the semidual Lie bialgebra in terms of the data which determines the decomposition of the original Lie algebra. Applied to the local isometry Lie algebras arising in three-dimensional gravity, decomposition, and semidualisation yields the main class of non-trivial r-matrices for the Euclidean and Poincaré group in three dimensions. In addition, the construction links the r-matrices with the Bianchi classification of three-dimensional real Lie algebras.
The oscillator model for the Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak {sh}(2|2)$sh(2|2) and Charlier polynomials
Authors: Jafarov E. I. , Van der Jeugt J.
Published: October 2013

We investigate an algebraic model for the quantum oscillator based upon the Lie superalgebra \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathfrak {sh}(2|2)$\end{document}sh(2|2), known as the Heisenberg–Weyl superalgebra or “the algebra of supersymmetric quantum mechanics,” and its Fock representation. The model offers some freedom in the choice of a position and a momentum operator, leading to a free model parameter γ. Using the technique of Jacobi matrices, we determine the spectrum of the position operator, and show that its wavefunctions are related to Charlier polynomials Cn with parameter γ2. Some properties of these wavefunctions are discussed, as well as some other properties of the current oscillator model.
Extraordinarily large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in epitaxially strained cobalt-ferrite CoxFe3−xO4(001) (x = 0.75, 1.0) thin films
Authors: Niizeki Tomohiko , Utsumi Yuji , Aoyama Ryohei , Yanagihara Hideto , Inoue Jun-ichiro , Yamasaki Yuichi , Nakao Hironori , Koike Kazuyuki , Kita Eiji
Published: October 2013

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of cobalt-ferrite CoxFe3-xO4 (x = 0.75 and 1.0) epitaxial thin films grown on MgO (001) by a reactive magnetron sputtering technique was investigated. The saturation magnetization was found to be 430 emu/cm3 for x = 0.75, which is comparable to that of bulk CoFe2O4 (425 emu/cm3). Torque measurements afforded PMA constants of Kueff=9.0 Merg/cm3 (Ku=10.0 Merg/cm3) and Kueff=9.7 Merg/cm3 for x = 0.75 and 1.0, respectively. The value of Kueff extrapolated using Miyajima's plot was as high as 14.7 Merg/cm3 for x = 1.0. The in-plane four-fold magnetic anisotropy was evaluated to be 1.6 Merg/cm3 for x = 0.75. X-ray diffraction measurement revealed our films to be pseudomorphically strained on MgO (001) with a Poisson ratio of 0.4, leading to a considerable in-plane tensile strain by which the extraordinarily large PMA could be accounted for.
Evidence and characterization of dynamic heterogeneity in binary mixtures of phosphoric acid and benzimidazole
Authors: Pahari Swagata , Roy Sudip
Published: October 2013

We report here anomalous diffusions of components in mixtures of monomer of polybenzimidazole, i.e., 2-phenyl-1H,1′H-5,5′-bibenzo[d]imidazole (BI) and phosphoric acid (PA) from molecular dynamics simulations. We have observed initial drop and further increase in self-diffusion constant for both monomer molecule (BI) and PA with gradual increase in PA concentration. The origin of such anomalous diffusion is identified in this work, which happens to be the presence of dynamic heterogeneity in each component of the binary mixture. We characterized microscopic picture of dynamical heterogeneity by finding correlation between dynamical heterogeneity and structural arrangement among the components of the binary system. Different types of H-bonding arrangements in the BI-PA systems at different concentration of PA are observed. The stability of the H-bonded network consisting of different types of H-bonds between BI and PA in the system has been studied by calculating the lifetime of various H-bonds. The results indicate that there are fast and slow moving PA molecules in the mixtures because of coexistence of different types of hydrogen bonds among the components of the mixture.
Observation of semiconductor device channel strain using in-line high resolution X-ray diffraction
Authors: Holt Judson R. , Madan Anita , Harley Eric C. T. , Stoker Matt W. , Pinto Teresa , Schepis Dominic J. , Adam Thomas N. , Murray Conal E. , Bedell Stephen W. , Holt Martin
Published: October 2013

In-line high resolution X-ray diffraction has been used to analyze embedded silicon-germanium (eSiGe) epitaxially grown in the source/drain regions of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. Compared to blanket films, the diffraction from patterned devices exhibited distinct features corresponding to the eSiGe in the source/drain regions and Si under the gate and SiGe. The diffraction features modulated with structural changes, alloy composition, and subsequent thermal processing. Reciprocal space measurements taken around the (224) diffraction peak revealed both in-plane (h) and out-of-plane (l) lattice deformation, along with features corresponding to the regular spacing between the gates.
High resolution spectroscopy of HCl–water clusters: IR bands of undissociated and dissociated clusters revisited
Authors: Letzner Melanie , Gruen Sarah , Habig Daniel , Hanke Kenny , Endres Torsten , Nieto Pablo , Schwaab Gerhard , Walewski Łukasz , Wollenhaupt Miriam , Forbert Harald , Marx Dominik , Havenith Martina
Published: October 2013

We report a detailed study on the IR spectroscopy of HCl-water complexes in superfluid helium nanodroplets in the frequency range from 2660 to 2675 cm−1. We have recorded spectra of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm HCl-H}_2^{16}$\end{document} HCl −H216O as well as of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm HCl-H}_2^{18}$\end{document} HCl −H218O complexes and compared these results with theoretical predictions. In addition, we have carried out mass-selective intensity measurements as a function of partial pressure of HCl as well as of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}${\rm H}_2^{18}$\end{document}H218O (pick-up curves). The results support a scenario where the IR-absorption in this part of the spectrum contains contributions from undissociated as well as from dissociated clusters with Cl−(H2O)3(H3O)+ being the smallest dissociated complex. These findings are corroborated by additional electric field measurements yielding the orientation of the vibrational transition moment with respect to the permanent dipole moment. As a result we are able to assign a broad absorption band starting at 2675 cm−1 to dissociated HCl-water clusters (HCl)1(H2O)n with n ⩾ 4. The two narrow absorption lines at 2667.9 cm−1 and 2670 cm−1 are assigned to an undissociated cluster, in agreement with previous studies.