bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimativa do gasto energético da caminhada
Authors: Dutra Leandro Nogueira , Damasceno Vinicius Oliveira , Silva André Calil , Vianna Jeferson Macedo , Novo Junior José Marques , Lima Jorge Roberto Perrout
Published: May 2008

Este estudo foi desenvolvido com dois objetivos: 1) propor equações de predição do gasto energético da caminhada (GEC) em indivíduos jovens para três situações: a) quando é possível a identificação da velocidade da caminhada; b) quando é possível a monitorização da FC; e c) quando não é possível nem a identificação da velocidade nem a monitorização da FC; 2) validar a estimativa GEC feita pelo monitor de FC Polar M71®. Trinta indivíduos (16 homens de 22,7 ± 2,6 anos e 14 mulheres de 22,1 ± 2,1 anos), não-atletas, alunos do curso de Educação Física, foram instruídos a caminhar na esteira ergométrica com 1% de inclinação, nas intensidades leve, moderada e alta, em velocidades auto-selecionadas, durante 6 min em cada intensidade. O VO2, medido pelo analisador metabólico Teem 100 da Aerosport, a FC e o GEC estimado pelo monitor eram registrados nos 2 últimos minutos de cada carga. Concluiu-se que a melhor predição é feita com a utilização da velocidade de caminhada e com o peso do indivíduo. A FC para predição do GEC deve ser acompanhada do gênero e FC de repouso do indivíduo. A escala proposta no estudo para percepção de intensidade do esforço deve ser utilizada quando não for possível registrar nem a velocidade de caminhada nem a FC do indivíduo. Devem ser tentados outros estudos com outras escalas de percepção do esforço. O monitor de FC Polar M71 é valido para a estimativa do GEC, com as ressalvas de que é necessário que FC ultrapasse 100bpm. Sua precisão é melhor em caminhadas de intensidade alta.
Mecanismos adaptativos do sistema imunológico em resposta ao treinamento físico
Authors: Leandro Carol Góis , Castro Raul Manhães de , Nascimento Elizabeth , Pithon-Curi Tânia Cristina , Curi Rui
Published: May 2008

O treinamento físico, de intensidade moderada, melhora os sistemas de defesa, enquanto que o treinamento intenso causa imunossupressão. Os mecanismos subjacentes estão associados à comunicação entre os sistemas nervoso, endócrino e imunológico, sugerindo vias autonômicas e modulação da resposta imune. Células do sistema imune, quando expostas a pequenas cargas de estresse, desenvolvem mecanismo de tolerância. Em muitos tecidos tem-se demonstrado que a resposta a situações agressivas parece ser atenuada pelo treinamento físico aplicado previamente, isto é, o treinamento induz tolerância para situações agressivas/estressantes. Nesta revisão são relatados estudos sugerindo os mecanismos adaptativos do sistema imunológico em resposta ao treinamento físico.
Evidence for a role of the amyloid precursor protein in thyroid carcinogenesis
Authors: Krause Kerstin , Karger Stefan , Sheu Sien-Yi , Aigner Thomas , Kursawe Romy , Gimm Oliver , Schmid Kurt-Werner , Dralle Henning , Fuhrer Dagmar
Published: May 2008

We have recently found an increased expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in cold thyroid nodules that are difficult to classify as a truly benign thyroid neoplasm or a lesion with the potential for further dedifferentiation. Since differences in APP activity have been found in other human cancers, we asked whether thyroid carcinogenesis might be associated with an altered APP expression and function. APP regulation was studied in vitro in differentiated (FRTL-5) and dedifferentiated follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC-133) thyroid cells after specific inhibition or activation of the cAMP-PKA, the PI3K/AKT or the protein kinase c (PKC) cascades. In vivo analysis of APP expression and downstream signalling was performed in benign and malignant thyroid tissues. We found that upregulation of APP expression and sAPP secretion is induced by TSH in differentiated thyroid cells and by insulin in thyroid cancer cells. PKC is a strong activator of APP cleavage and in FTC-133 confers prolonged release of the APP ectodomain. FTC-133 but not FRTL-5 cells show a prominent cell surface expression of the APP ectodomain, which has been suggested to function as an autocrine growth factor. Thyroid cancers are characterized by APP upregulation, increased membrane targeting of the APP ectodomain and significantly increased mRNA levels of the APP scaffold proteins JIP1, ShcA and Fe65.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent insulin regulation of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolism in L6 muscle cells: involvement of atypical protein kinase C-ζ in LCFA uptake but not oxidation
Authors: Kelly Karen R , Sung Chin K , Abbott Marcia J , Turcotte Lorraine P
Published: May 2008

Insulin is important in the regulation of muscle metabolism. However, its role in the regulation of muscle long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolism, independent of glucose, is not clear. To determine whether insulin regulates LCFA metabolism independent of glucose and if so, via which signaling pathway, L6 myotubes were incubated, in the presence or absence of insulin (100 nM) and with either an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) (wortmannin (W), 50 nM), protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt (A, 10 μM), or atypical protein kinase C-ζ (aPKC-ζ) (mP, 100 μM). LCFA kinetic parameters were measured via incubation with [1-14C]palmitate. Basal LCFA uptake was found to increase linearly with time (1–60 min) and concentration (50–750 μM). LCFA uptake increased in the presence of insulin and was maximum at 10 nM (P<0.05). Wortmannin prevented the insulin-induced increase in LCFA uptake and decrease in LCFA oxidation. While mP abolished the insulin-induced increase in LCFA uptake, it did not prevent the insulin-induced decrease in LCFA oxidation. None of the variables were affected by Akt inhibition. These results suggest a direct effect of insulin on LCFA metabolism in muscle cells, and that downstream of PI3K, aPKC-ζ, but not PKB/Akt mediates the effects of insulin on LCFA uptake but not oxidation.
Evaluation of a point-of-care hematology analyzer for use in dogs and cats receiving chemotherapeutic treatment
Authors: Lara-Garcia Ana , Hosoya Kenji , Iazbik Cristina , Westendorf Nicole , Gallant Stacey , Couto Guillermo
Published: May 2008

Objective—To compare WBC, neutrophil, and platelet counts and Hct values obtained with a point-of-care hematology analyzer with values obtained by a reference method for dogs and cats receiving chemotherapy.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Animals—105 dogs and 25 cats undergoing chemotherapy.

Procedures—Blood samples were analyzed with a point-of-care hematology analyzer and with an impedance- and laser-based analyzer with manual differential WBC counts. Results for WBC, neutrophil, and platelet counts and Hct were compared. Sensitivity and specificity of the point-of-care analyzer to detect leukopenia, neutropenia, and anemia were calculated.

Results—554 canine and 96 feline blood samples were evaluated. Correlation coefficients for dogs and cats, respectively, were 0.92 and 0.95 for total WBC count, 0.91 and 0.88 for neutrophil count, 0.95 and 0.92 for Hct, and 0.93 and 0.71 for platelet count. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of the point-of-care analyzer to detect leukopenia were 100% and 75% for dogs and 100% and 68% for cats; to detect neutropenia were 80% and 97% for dogs and 100% and 80% for cats; to detect anemia were 100% and 80% for dogs and 100% and 66% for cats; and to detect thrombocytopenia were 86% and 95% for dogs and 50% and 87% for cats.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The point-of-care analyzer was reliable for monitoring CBCs of dogs and cats receiving chemotherapy. It had good to excellent correlation for WBC and neutrophil counts and Hct and accurately detected leukopenia, neutropenia, and anemia. Sensitivity of the analyzer for detecting thrombocytopenia was lower but acceptable.
Clinical utility of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration for identifying cardiac disease in dogs and assessing disease severity
Authors: Oyama Mark A. , Fox Philip R. , Rush John E. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Lesser Mike
Published: May 2008

Objective—To determine whether serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic (NT-proBNP) concentration could be used to identify cardiac disease in dogs and to assess disease severity in affected dogs.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Animals—119 dogs with mitral valve disease, 18 dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, and 40 healthy control dogs.

Procedures—Serum NT-proBNP concentration was measured with an ELISA validated for use in dogs. Results of physical examination, thoracic radiography, echocardiography, and serum biochemical analyses were recorded for dogs with cardiac disease.

Results—Serum NT-proBNP concentration was significantly higher in dogs with cardiac disease than in control dogs, and a serum NT-proBNP concentration > 445 pmol/L could be used to discriminate dogs with cardiac disease from control dogs with a sensitivity of 83.2% and specificity of 90.0%. In dogs with cardiac disease, serum NT-proBNP concentration was correlated with heart rate, respiratory rate, echocardiographic heart size, and renal function. For dogs with cardiac disease, serum NT-proBNP concentration could be used to discriminate dogs with and without radiographic evidence of cardiomegaly and dogs with and without congestive heart failure.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that serum NT-proBNP concentration may be a useful adjunct clinical test for diagnosing cardiac disease in dogs and assessing the severity of disease in dogs with cardiac disease.
Intralesional injection of platelet-rich plasma followed by controlled exercise for treatment of midbody suspensory ligament desmitis in Standardbred racehorses
Authors: Waselau Martin , Sutter W. Wesley , Genovese Ronald L. , Bertone Alicia L.
Published: May 2008

Objective—To determine outcome of Standardbred racehorses with moderate to severe midbody suspensory ligament desmitis (MSD) treated by means of ultrasound-guided intralesional injection of a single dose of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) followed by a program of gradually increased exercise.

Design—Nonrandomized clinical trial.

Animals—9 Standardbred racehorses.

Procedures—Following injection of PRP, horses were allowed a controlled, gradual return to exercise. Race records for the year prior to injury and for 3 consecutive years after horses returned to racing were reviewed. For comparison purposes, race records of 9 Standardbred racehorses with no history of MSD racing at the same time were also reviewed.

Results—All 9 horses with MSD returned to racing after treatment; median time to return to racing was 32 weeks. All 9 horses raced at least once during the first and second years after returning to racing, but only 5 raced during the third year. When number of starts, total earnings, and earnings per start were compared between case and comparison horses, the only significant differences were number of starts during the third year after case horses returned to racing and earnings per start during the first year after case horses returned to racing, with values being significantly lower for case horses than for comparison horses.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that horses with moderate to severe MSD treated by means of intralesional injection of a single dose of PRP followed by a program of gradually increased exercise had an excellent prognosis for returning to racing.
National Dietetic Registration Examination: Perceptions of the Writing Experience
Authors: Lordly Daphne
Published: May 2008

Purpose: Dietitians must pass the Canadian Dietetic Registration Examination (CDRE) to practise. Writers’ experiences with the exam were examined, along with factors associated with anxiety and coping mechanisms, preparation strategies, and if and how anxiety, coping, and preparation strategies are perceived to be related to exam performance.

Methods: An exploratory descriptive methodology with a researcher-designed questionnaire was used to collect data from a purposive sample in 1999 and 2000 (n=54), and from a convenience sample in 2005 and 2006 (n=11). Participants were CDRE writers from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Ontario.

Results: Meaningful preparation was correlated with a more positive exam experience (p=0.023). Writers experiencing lower preparation anxiety were more confident they had passed (p=0.016). Successful coping strategies resulted in decreased writing anxiety (p=0.029). The 2005 to 2006 cohorts prepared less (p=0.004) and experienced less preparation anxiety (p=0.02). Five themes emerged, which extend our understanding of the exam-writing experience.

Conclusions: Several strategies may positively influence writing anxiety and improve the overall writing experience. Individuals and organizations and/or writers can consider these findings as they engage in the exam process, revise and/or develop support material, give presentations, or provide advice.
Dietary Intakes And Familial History of Obesity
Authors: Paradis Ann-Marie , Godin Gaston , Pérusse Louis , Vohl Marie-Claude
Published: May 2008

Purpose: To compare dietary intakes of individuals with and without familial history of obesity (FHO) with recommendations from Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating (CFGHE).

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 197 women and 129 men with a body mass index of less than 30kg/m2 from the Quebec City metropolitan area. A dietitian obtained their dietary intakes, using a food frequency questionnaire.

Results: Daily energy, macronutrient, and fibre intakes were not significantly different between individuals with and without FHO. No significant differences in the proportion of individuals who achieved the minimum CFGHE recommendations were observed between individuals with and without FHO.

Conclusions: Findings of our study suggest that individuals with and without FHO have comparable dietary intakes when compared to Canadian dietary guidelines.
The Children of Antifascism: Exploring Young Historians Clubs in the GDR
Authors: Plum Catherine
Published: May 2008

This essay explores the history of young historians clubs in East Germany as they pursued antifascist projects from the early 1950s through the final years of communist rule. Using antifascism as an analytical tool, the author investigates students who not only accepted socialist values and prescribed historical interpretations in total or in part, but advanced them in their own right during their leisure time. Voluntary young historians clubs provided a previously unexplored window into the prevalence and relative depth of youth interest in the regime's favored heroes-communist resistance fighters. Youth interest in this theme dispels the pervading theory in some contemporary political circles that young people overwhelming rejected state-supported antifascism. The primary source base for this essay includes individual club reports, regional statistics, conference documents, and oral history interviews.
Endostar Suppresses Invasion Through Downregulating the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 in MDA-MB-435 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Lu Na , Ling Yun , Gao Ying , Chen Yan , Mu Rong , Qi Qi , Liu Wei , Zhang Haiwei , Gu Hongyan , Wang Sen , Yang Yong , Guo Qinglong
Published: May 2008

Endostar, a novel recombinant human endostatin expressed and purified in Escherichia coli with an additional nine-amino acid sequence forming another his-tag structure, was approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China (SFDA) in 2005 for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of its potent anticancer activity remains poorly understood and warrants further investigations. In this study, we examined the anti-invasive activities of endostar in vitro. The results showed that endostar suppressed MDA-MB-435 cell adhesion to the fibronectin-coated substrate in a concentration-dependent manner. It could inhibit the wound healing migration of MDA-MB-435 cells and invasion of MDA-MB-435 cells through reconstituted ECM (matrigel). Zymography revealed that endostar decreased the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Endostar could also inhibit the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in MDA-MB-435 cells. Additionally, endostar exerted an inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Collectively, these data provided a molecular basis for the anti-invasive effects of endostar.
Contribution of Renal Innervation to Hypertension in Rat Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gattone Vincent H. , Siqueira Tibério M. , Powell Charles R. , Trambaugh Chad M. , Lingeman James E. , Shalhav Arieh L.
Published: May 2008

The kidney has both afferent (sensory) and efferent (sympathetic) nerves that can influence renal function. Renal innervation has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of many forms of hypertension. Hypertension and flank pain are common clinical manifestations of autosomal dominant (AD) polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We hypothesize that renal innervation contributes to the hypertension and progression of cystic change in rodent PKD. In the present study, the contribution of renal innervation to hypertension and progression of renal histopathology and dysfunction was assessed in male Han:SPRD-Cy/+ rats with ADPKD. At 4 weeks of age, male offspring from crosses of heterozygotes (Cy/+) were randomized into either 1) bilateral surgical renal denervation, 2) surgical sham denervation control, or 3) nonoperated control groups. A midline laparotomy was performed to allow the renal denervation (i.e., physical stripping of the nerves and painting the artery with phenol/alcohol). Blood pressure (tail cuff method), renal function (BUN) and histology were assessed at 8 weeks of age. Bilateral renal denervation reduced the cystic kidney size, cyst volume density, systolic blood pressure, and improved renal function (BUN) as compared with nonoperated controls. Operated control cystic rats had kidney weights, cyst volume densities, systolic blood pressures, and plasma BUN levels that were intermediate between those in the denervated animals and the nonoperated controls. The denervated group had a reduced systolic blood pressure compared with the operated control animals, indicating that the renal innervations was a major contributor to the hypertension in this model of ADPKD. Renal denervation was efficacious in reducing some pathology, including hypertension, renal enlargement, and cystic pathology. However, sham operation also affected the cystic disease but to a lesser extent. We hypothesize that the amelioration of hypertension in Cy/+ rats was due to the effects of renal denervation on the renin angiotensin system.
GPS determination of the velocity and strain-rate fields on Schirmacher Glacier, central Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors: Sunil P.S. , Reddy C.D. , Ponraj M. , Dhar Ajay , Jayapaul D.
Published: May 2008

Global positioning system (GPS) campaigns were conducted during the 2003 and 2004 austral summer seasons to obtain insight into the velocity and strain-rate distribution on Schirmacher Glacier, central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. GPS data were collected at 21 sites and analyzed to estimate the site coordinates, baselines and velocities. The short-term precision of the base station, MAIT, is estimated from the daily coordinate repeatability solutions during the two years. All GPS points on the glacier were constrained with respect to MAIT and nearby International GPS Service stations. Horizontal velocities of the glacier sites lie between 1.89 ± 0.01 and 10.88 ± 0.01 ma−1 to the north-northeast, with an average velocity of 6.21 ± 0.01 m a−1. The principal strain rates provide a quantitative measurement of extension rates, which range from (0.11 ± 0.01) × 10−3 to (1.48 ± 0.85) × 10−3a−1, and shortening rates, which range from (0.04 ± 0.02) × 10−3 to (0.96 ± 0.16) × 10−3a−1. The velocity and strain-rate distributions across the GPS network in Schirmacher Glacier are spatially correlated with topography, subsurface undulations, fracture zones/crevasses and the partial blockage of the flow by nunataks and the Schirmacher Oasis.
Four years of mass balance on Chhota Shigri Glacier, Himachal Pradesh, India, a new benchmark glacier in the western Himalaya
Authors: Wagnon Patrick , Linda Anurag , Arnaud Yves , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Parmanand , Vincent Christian , Pottakkal Jose George , Berthier Etienne , Ramanathan Alagappan , Hasnain Syed Iqbal , Chevallier Pierre
Published: May 2008

Little is known about the Himalayan glaciers, although they are of particular interest in terms of future water supply, regional climate change and sea-level rise. In 2002, a long-term monitoring programme was started on Chhota Shigri Glacier (32.2° N, 77.5° E; 15.7 km2, 6263–4050 ma.s.l., 9 km long) located in Lahaul and Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India. This glacier lies in the monsoon–arid transition zone (western Himalaya) which is alternately influenced by Asian monsoon in summer and the mid-latitude westerlies in winter. Here we present the results of a 4 year study of mass balance and surface velocity. Overall specific mass balances are mostly negative during the study period and vary from a minimum value of –1.4 m w.e. in 2002/03 and 2005/06 (equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) ∼5180 m a.s.l.) to a maximum value of +0.1 m w.e. in 2004/05 (ELA 4855 m a.s.l.). Chhota Shigri Glacier seems similar to mid-latitude glaciers, with an ablation season limited to the summer months and a mean vertical gradient of mass balance in the ablation zone (debris-free part) of 0.7mw.e.(100 m)–1, similar to those reported in the Alps. Mass balance is strongly dependent on debris cover, exposure and the shading effect of surrounding steep slopes.
Snow density for measuring surface mass balance using the stake method
Authors: Takahashi Shuhei , Kameda Takao
Published: May 2008

A measure of snow density is required to estimate water equivalent ice-sheet surface mass balance (SMB) from stake measurements. Previous studies have utilized the snow density at different depths within the snow. By considering the snow densification process in the time interval between stake height measurements, we find that use of the snow density at the base of the stake is more appropriate. We assume the stakes are firmly anchored at the bottom and that Sorge’s law holds, i.e. the density–depth profile does not change with time. Applying this method to the data for 36 snow stakes on Dome Fuji, the SMB in 2003 was 36.5 kg m-2 a−1, 27% larger than the previous estimate, which used surface snow density. Correct selection of the snow density for SMB estimations is important, especially for Antarctic inland areas where accumulation is low (e.g. Dome Fuji, Vostok, Dome C and South Pole) and where the snow density near the surface varies markedly.
A fracture-entrainment model for snow avalanches
Authors: Cherepanov Genady P. , Esparragoza Ivan E.
Published: May 2008

We use the invariant Γ integral of fracture mechanics to calculate the frontal pressure and resistance to the downward motion a of snow avalanche. A basic characteristic property of the snowpack, termed the entrainment toughness, is introduced. From an analysis of the non-entrainment frictional mechanisms of avalanches, we find the necessary condition for a fracture-entrainment regime, and from an analysis of limiting equilibrium of gravitational force and frontal resistance, the necessary condition equation for the start of avalanches. We then derive the governing equations for the dynamics of avalanches, using a point-mass approach with entrainment taken into account. The governing equations are used to numerically simulate the Vallée de la Sionne (Switzerland) avalanche of 7 February 2003.
Glacier-bed characteristics of midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard, from high-resolution seismic and radar surveying
Authors: King E.C. , Smith A.M. , Murray T. , Stuart G.W.
Published: May 2008

We conducted a seismic and radar survey of the central part of midtre Lovénbreen, a small, polythermal valley glacier in Svalbard. We determined the physical properties of the material beneath the glacier by measuring the reflection coefficient of the bed by comparing the energy of the primary and multiple reflections, and deriving the acoustic impedance. By making reasonable assumptions about the properties of the basal ice, we determined the acoustic impedance of the bed material as (6.78 ± 1.53) × 106 kg m−2 s−1. We interpret the material beneath the glacier to be permafrost with up to 50% ice, and we speculate that the material may be frozen talus similar to a deposit observed directly by others beneath another Svalbard glacier. The implication for midtre Lovénbreen is that the basal material beneath the present glacier is not able to support fast flow. We conclude that midtre Lovénbreen has most likely had limited capability for faster flow in the past, with motion dominated by internal deformation. Midtre Lovénbreen is used as a ‘study glacier’ for the scientific community in Svalbard, and a large number of studies have been based there. Our results show that it cannot be used as an analogue for larger glaciers in Svalbard, having distinct basal boundary conditions.
Effect of 5‐HT1A gene polymorphisms on antidepressant response in major depressive disorder
Authors: Kato Masaki , Fukuda Tsuyoshi , Wakeno Masataka , Okugawa Gaku , Takekita Yoshiteru , Watanabe Syunsuke , Yamashita Megumi , Hosoi Yuka , Azuma Junichi , Kinoshita Toshihiko , Serretti Alessandro
Published: May 2008

Variability in antidepressant response is due to genetic and environmental factors. Among genetic factors, the ones controlling for availability of the drug at the target site are interesting candidates. Rs6295C/G SNP in the 5‐HT1A gene (HTR1A) has been found to affect the expression and function of HTR1A. In fact rs6295C/G is in strong linkage disequilibrium with other polymorphisms of HTR1A suggesting that those functional effects could be associated with polymorphisms other than or together with the synonymous rs6295C/G. In the present study we examined the possible association of a panel of markers in strong linkage disequilibrium of the HTR1A with SSRI/SNRI response in 137 Japanese major depression subjects followed for 6 weeks. We observed a significant association of better response to antidepressant in rs10042486C/C (P < 0.0001), rs6295G/G (P < 0.0001) and rs1364043T/T (P = 0.018) genotype carriers (minor allele homozygotes), independently from clinical variables. Furthermore minor allele homozygous carriers in all these three SNPs were associated with treatment response by various assessment such as HAM‐D score change over time (P = 0.001), week 2 (P < 0.0001), 4 (P = 0.007), and 6 (P = 0.048) as well as response rate (P = 0.0005) and remission rate (P = 0.004). We also pointed out the genotyping mis‐definition of rs6295C/G in the previous four articles. In conclusion, this is the first study that reports a significant association of antidepressant response with rs10042486C/T and rs1364043T/G variants of HTR1A and also with rs10042486–rs6295–rs1364043 combination. This finding adds an important information for the pathway of detecting the genetics of antidepressant response even if results must be verified on larger samples. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms in the angiotensin‐converting enzyme gene region predict coping styles in healthy adults and depressed patients
Authors: Heck Angela , Lieb Roselind , Ellgas Andrea , Pfister Hildegard , Lucae Susanne , Erhardt Angelika , Himmerich Hubertus , Horstmann Sonja , Kloiber Stefan , Ripke Stephan , Müller‐Myhsok Bertram , Bettecken Thomas , Uhr Manfred , Holsboer Florian , Ising Marcus
Published: May 2008

Dispositional coping styles are important moderators of the stress reaction and are altered in stress‐related disorders like cardiovascular diseases and affective disorders. Heritability studies suggest a considerable genetic contribution to the interindividual variability in coping styles. Since the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been described to be associated with the vulnerability for stress‐related disorders and with altered stress hormone regulation, we investigated the ACE gene as potential candidate gene for coping styles. Five hundred forty one mentally healthy subjects and 194 patients suffering from depression participating in the Munich Antidepressant Response Signature (MARS) project were examined. Coping styles were assessed with a self‐report questionnaire (German Stress Coping Questionnaire SVF78) measuring the individual coping style pattern in response to stressful situations. We genotyped 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the insertion/Deletion (I/D)‐polymorphism in the ACE gene region and investigated their associations with coping styles. In healthy subjects, the highest association was observed between rs8066276, an intronic SNP of the ACE gene, and the coping factor Distraction. A further intronic SNP rs4305, not in linkage disequilibrium with rs8066276, showed an association with Devaluation/Defense. All associated copying styles can be categorized as potentially stress reducing factors (positive coping). Both SNPs were also found to be associated with positive coping styles in the patient sample; rs8066276 was associated with Devaluation/Defense, and rs4305 showed associations with Control. These results suggest that the ACE gene is involved in the development of coping strategies. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrogen Abstraction and Electron Transfer with Aminoxyl Radicals: Synthetic and Mechanistic Issues
Authors: Galli Carlo , Gentili Patrizia , Lanzalunga Osvaldo
Published: May 2008

Aminoxyl radicals (R2NO.) are a valuable class of reactive intermediates with interesting synthetic and reactivity properties. This Minireview summarizes salient synthetic results obtained in radical oxidations using aminoxyl radicals, and then focuses on reactivity issues arising from recent literature surveys. The structural and reactivity features of the aminoxyl radical and substrate provides a possible explanation of the double reactivity of the aminoxyl radicals. This mechanistic dichotomy between H‐atom abstraction and electron‐abstraction routes is highlighted in this Minireview.
Trends in the postfortification prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly in the United States
Authors: Boulet Sheree L. , Yang Quanhe , Mai Cara , Kirby Russell S. , Collins Julianne S. , Robbins James M. , Meyer Robert , Canfield Mark A. , Mulinare Joe ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network
Published: May 2008

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of NTDs in the US declined significantly after mandatory folic acid fortification; however, it is not known if the prevalence of NTDs has continued to decrease in recent years relative to the period immediately following the fortification mandate. METHODS: Population‐based data from 21 birth defects surveillance systems were used to examine trends in the birth prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly during 1999–2000, 2001–2002, and 2003–2004. Prevalence data were stratified by non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, and Hispanic race or ethnicity. Prevalence ratios were calculated by dividing the birth prevalences during the later time periods (2001–2002 and 2003–2004) by the birth prevalences during 1999–2000. RESULTS: During 1999–2004, 3,311 cases of spina bifida and 2,116 cases of anencephaly were reported. Hispanic infants had the highest prevalences of NTDs for all years. For all infants, the combined birth prevalences of spina bifida and anencephaly decreased 10% from the 1999–2000 period to the 2003–2004 period. The decline in spina bifida (3%) was not significant; however the decline in anencephaly (20%) was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: While the prevalences of spina bifida and anencephaly in the United States have declined since folic acid fortification in the food supply began, these data suggest that reductions in the prevalence of anencephaly continued during 2001–2004 and that racial and ethnic and other disparities remain. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Residual Pattern Based Test for Interactions in Two‐Way ANOVA
Authors: Ning Wei , Kim Hyune‐Ju
Published: May 2008

This article proposes a new test to detect interactions in replicated two‐way ANOVA models, more powerful than the classical F ‐test and more general than the test of Terbeck and Davies (1998, Annals of Statistics 26, 1279–1305) developed for the case with unconditionally identifiable interaction pattern. We use the parameterization without the conventional restrictions on the interaction terms and base our test on the maximum of the standardized disturbance estimates. We show that our test is unbiased and consistent, and discuss how to estimate the p ‐value of the test. In a 3 × 3 case, which is our main focus in this article, the exact p ‐value can be computed by using four‐dimensional integrations. For a general I × J case which requires an (I – 1) × (J – 1) dimensional integration for a numerical evaluation of the exact p ‐value, we propose to use an improved Bonferroni inequality to estimate an upperbound of the p ‐value and simulations indicate a reasonable accuracy of the upperbound. Via simulations, we show that our test is more powerful than the classical F ‐test and also that it can deal with both situations: unconditionally identifiable and non‐unconditionally identifiable cases. An application to genetic data is presented in which the new test is significant, while the classical F ‐test failed to detect interactions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simultaneous Inference in General Parametric Models
Authors: Hothorn Torsten , Bretz Frank , Westfall Peter
Published: May 2008

Simultaneous inference is a common problem in many areas of application. If multiple null hypotheses are tested simultaneously, the probability of rejecting erroneously at least one of them increases beyond the pre‐specified significance level. Simultaneous inference procedures have to be used which adjust for multiplicity and thus control the overall type I error rate. In this paper we describe simultaneous inference procedures in general parametric models, where the experimental questions are specified through a linear combination of elemental model parameters. The framework described here is quite general and extends the canonical theory of multiple comparison procedures in ANOVA models to linear regression problems, generalized linear models, linear mixed effects models, the Cox model, robust linear models, etc. Several examples using a variety of different statistical models illustrate the breadth of the results. For the analyses we use the R add‐on package multcomp, which provides a convenient interface to the general approach adopted here. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of Highly Active and Dispersed Platinum Nanoparticles on Mesoporous Al‐MCM‐48 and Their Activity in the Hydroisomerisation of n‐Octane
Authors: Campelo Juan M. , Lee Adam F. , Luque Rafael , Luna Diego , Marinas Jose M. , Romero Antonio A.
Published: May 2008

Platinum nanoparticles supported on Al‐MCM‐48 materials have been prepared. The resultant catalysts have been characterized by means of XRD, N2 physisorption experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier‐transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The activity of these nanoparticles has been tested in relation to the hydroisomerisation of n‐octane. The catalytic activities were typically 50 %, with selectivities in the isomerisation process in excess of 70 %, favouring the formation of the 3‐methylheptane isomer with respect to the 2‐ and 4‐methylheptanes.
Aromatic–Carbohydrate Interactions: An NMR and Computational Study of Model Systems
Authors: Vandenbussche Sophie , Díaz Dolores , Fernández‐Alonso María Carmen , Pan Weidong , Vincent Stéphane P. , Cuevas Gabriel , Cañada Francisco Javier , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Bartik Kristin
Published: May 2008

The interactions of simple carbohydrates with aromatic moieties have been investigated experimentally by NMR spectroscopy. The analysis of the changes in the chemical shifts of the sugar proton signals induced upon addition of aromatic entities has been interpreted in terms of interaction geometries. Phenol and aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan) have been used. The observed sugar–aromatic interactions depend on the chemical nature of the sugar, and thus on the stereochemistries of the different carbon atoms, and also on the solvent. A preliminary study of the solvation state of a model monosaccharide (methyl β‐galactopyranoside) in aqueous solution, both alone and in the presence of benzene and phenol, has also been carried out by monitoring of intermolecular homonuclear solvent–sugar and aromatic–sugar NOEs. These experimental results have been compared with those obtained by density functional theory methods and molecular mechanics calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: [Ta3O3]A (A: Li, Na, K) and [Ta3O3]B[Ta3O3] (B: Ca, Sr, Ba): Sandwich‐Type Complexes Containing Ta3O3‐ δ and π Double Aromatic Ligands.
Authors: Li Si‐Dian , Miao Chang‐Qing , Guo Jin‐Chang
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and X‐Ray Excited Luminescence of Ce3+‐Doped ALnP2O7‐Type Alkali Rare Earth Diphosphates (A: Na, K, Rb, Cs; Ln: Y, Lu).
Authors: Yuan Jun‐Lin , Zhang Hui , Chen Hao‐Hong , Yang Xin‐Xin , Zhao Jing‐Tai , Gu Mu
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconductivity in the AlB2‐Type Ternary Rare‐Earth Silicide YbGa1.1Si0.9.
Authors: Imai Motoharu , Sato Akira , Aoyagi Takeshi , Kimura Takashi , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Tsujii Naohito
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Autocatalytic Water Dissociation on Cu(110) at Near Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Andersson Klas , Ketteler Guido , Bluhm Hendrik , Yamamoto Susumu , Ogasawara Hirohito , Pettersson Lars G. M. , Salmeron Miquel , Nilsson Anders
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane for Chemical Hydrogen Storage.
Authors: Yan Jun‐Min , Zhang Xin‐Bo , Han Song , Shioyama Hiroshi , Xu Qiang
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: LixNayBa14LiN6: New Representatives of the Subnitride Family.
Authors: Smetana Volodymyr , Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Simon Arndt
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sc3AlN — A New Perovskite.
Authors: Hoeglund Carina , Birch Jens , Beckers Manfred , Alling Bjoern , Czigany Zsolt , Muecklich Arndt , Hultman Lars
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pertechnetyl Fluorosulfate, [TcO3]+[SO3F]‐.
Authors: Supel Joanna , Hagenbach Adelheid , Abram U. , Seppelt Konrad
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Methyl 12‐[D‐Prolinoylamino]cholate as a Versatile Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Cyclic Ketones.
Authors: Puleo Gian Luigi , Iuliano Anna
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Benzannulation Strategy for the Synthesis of Phenols and Heteroaromatic Compounds Based on the Reaction of (Trialkylsilyl)vinylketenes with Lithium Ynolates.
Authors: Austin Wesley F. , Zhang Yongjun , Danheiser Rick L.
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Osmium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Dihydroxylation by Carbon Dioxide Activated Hydrogen Peroxide and N‐Methylmorpholine.
Authors: Balagam Bharathi , Mitra Ranjan , Richardson David E.
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium‐Catalyzed Hydroamidation of Unactivated Terminal Alkynes: Synthesis of (E)‐Enamides.
Authors: Yudha S. Salprima , Kuninobu Yoichiro , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem RCM—Isomerization Approach to Glycals of Desoxyheptoses from a Common Precursor.
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Biernat Anne
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Nucleophilic Fe Catalyst for Transesterifications under Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Magens Silja , Ertelt Melanie , Jatsch Anja , Plietker Bernd
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The First One‐Pot Amidation of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes.
Authors: Akhrem Irena S. , Avetisyan Dzul'etta V. , Afanas'eva Lyudmila , Vitt Sergei V. , Petrovskii Pavel V. , Orlinkov Alexander
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Addition of Cinnamylzinc Derivatives to α‐Chiral Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Dunet Guillaume , Mayer Peter , Knochel Paul
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Three‐Component Reaction of Allenoates, Isocyanides, and Carboxylic Acids: Facile Synthesis of Highly Substituted Acryl Imide Derivatives.
Authors: Huang Xian , Sha Feng
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Alcohols Using (+)‐(1S,2S)‐Pseudoephedrine as Chiral Auxiliary.
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Raith Christian , Brazel C. Christian , Hoelsken Soeren , Magull Joerg
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III) Acetate‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Radical Addition of Organic Iodides to Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Miura Katsukiyo , Tomita Mitsuru , Ichikawa Junji , Hosomi Akira
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Cu(II) Complex Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Phenylacetylene to N‐Aryl Arylimines.
Authors: Liu Bao , Huang Ling , Liu Juntao , Zhong Yao , Li Xingshu , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones Catalyzed by Ru Complex Using a New Bipyridyl Diphosphine.
Authors: Chen Li , Fu Xing‐Li , Ming Fang‐Yong , Chen Hua , Li Xian‐Jun
Published: May 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.