bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behavior Inside Occluded Corrosion Cells Interpreted by Potential/pH Diagrams.
Authors: ZUO J. , POURBAIX M. , XU C. , LIU Y.
Published: May 2016

The electrochemical behavior of occluded cell corrosion is investigated by simulating occluded solutions of different pH values and Cl‐ concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Method of Dethioacetalization.
Authors: STORK G. , ZHAO K.
Published: May 2016

2‐Monosubstituted 1,3‐dithianes such as (I) are cleaved upon treatment with bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene in aqueous acetonitrile to give the corresponding aldehydes such as (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Metal Complexes. Part 27. Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Aminoacetophenone Derivatives Leading to Practical Synthesis of (S)‐(‐)‐Levamisole.
Authors: TAKEDA H. , TACHINAMI T. , ABURATANI M. , TAKAHASHI H. , MORIMOTO T. , ACHIWA K.
Published: May 2016

The diphosphines (I) are employed as ligands in the asymmetric hydrogenation of the α‐amino ketones (II) to give selectively the (S)‐configurated amino alcohols (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 2,4‐Diamino‐6‐substituted‐amino‐5‐arylpyrimidines.
Authors: SHISHOO C. J. , DEVANI M. B. , JAIN K. S. , BHADTI V. S. , SHISHOO S. M. , PATHAK U. S. , ANANTHAN S. , RATHOD I. S.
Published: May 2016

Twenty‐five title compounds of type (III) are prepared as potential antimalarial drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Some Biologically Active Azepinoquinazolines. Part 2. An Approach to Effective Antiinflammatory Drug.
Authors: MALHOTRA S. , KOUL S. K. , SINGH S. , SINGH G. B. , DHAR K. L.
Published: May 2016

The bromo analogues (Ib)‐(Id), (II) and (III) of the compound (Ia), known for its antiinflammatory activity, are prepared in order to study the role of a halogen substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Allylvinylsilanes. Preparation of 12‐(Dimethylsila)squalene.
Authors: PRESTWICH G. D. , WAWRZENCZYK C.
Published: May 2016

Dimethylvinylsilylmethylmagnesium chloride (I) is coupled with the aryl or alkenyl halides (II) in the presence of a Pd(0) catalyst to give the vinylic silanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Properties, and Reactions of Metalla‐Heterocycles. Part 62. Novel Intermediates of Cyclotrimerization of Thioxophosphorus(V) Cations with Alkynes.
Authors: LINDNER E. , KAESS V. + , HILLER W. , FAWZI R.
Published: May 2016

The η2(P‐S)‐Mn complex (III) obtained as shown reacts with the acetylenedicarboxylates (IV) in hexane to give the P‐isomeric manganacycloheptadiene compounds (V) as the main‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Zirconia on Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics.
Authors: ARMSTRONG T. R. , MORGENS L. E. , MAURICE A. K. , BUCHANAN R. C.
Published: May 2016

Small additions (≤ 2 wt.%) of ZrO2 enhance the microstructural uniformity of BaTiO3 and inhibit grain growth.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversible Interconversion of Thiazolidine‐Tetrahydrothiazine in the Thiadiazabicyclooctanone System.
Authors: TOMIC M. , HERAK J. J. , KOVACEVIC M.
Published: May 2016

Heating either methoxy isomer (Ia) or (IIa) in acidic MeOH leads to a mixture of both; the same holds true for the hydroxy isomers (Ib) and (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Ureas and Amides of the 5‐(2‐Nitrophenyl)‐2‐furyl Type.
Authors: KORENOVA A. , KRUTOSIKOVA A. , KOVAC J.
Published: May 2016

The azides (I) are denitrogenated and rearranged upon heating to yield the isocyanates (II) which react directly with the amines (III) and (V) to give the corresponding ureas (IV) or bisureas (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: O2 and CO Binding to “Jellyfish” Type Iron(II) Porphyrins.
Authors: UEMORI Y. , KYUNO E.
Published: May 2016

The O2 and CO affinities of the title complexes (I) in the presence of excess axial base (1,2‐dimethylimidazole) in toluene is investigated and compared to the O2 affinities for the corresponding Co(II) porphyrins.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of (Et4N) (PBr4). Structural Correlation for Halogenophosphates(III).
Authors: SHELDRICK W. S. , KIEFER J.
Published: May 2016

The title compound is obtained by crystallization from a saturated solution of (Et4N)Br in CH2Cl2 using an equimolar amount of PBr3 as precipitant (‐20 °C, several d).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Hydroboration of Styrenes.
Authors: HAYASHI T. , MATSUMOTO Y. , ITO Y.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction affords the (R)‐1‐arylethanols (II) in fair to high yields and high enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Olefins via Pyrolysis of Sulfonate Esters.
Authors: COREY E. J. , POSNER G. H. , ATKINSON R. F. , WINGARD A. K. , HALLORAN D. J. , RADZIK D. M. , NASH J. J.
Published: May 2016

Pyrolysis of the 8‐quinolinesulfonates (III) and (VI), the 2‐pyridinesulfonate (X), and the arenesulfonates (XI), which are prepared as outlined in the reaction scheme, yields the olefines (IV), (VII), and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: The Reactions of Allyl o‐Bromoaryl Ethers, N‐Allyl‐o‐bromoacetanilide, and Related Compounds with Tributyltin Hydride in the Presence of Activated Olefins.
Authors: TOGO H. , KIKUCHI O.
Published: May 2016

The unsaturated aryl halides (I), (IV), and (VII) undergo radical‐promoted cyclization and addition reaction with the activated olefins (II), forming the heterocycles (III), (V), (VI), and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Ions and Photochemical Charge Transfer Phenomena. Part 23. Pyrylium Salts as Photosensitizers in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Electron‐Transfer Catalysis. ‐ A Comparison with Cyano Arenes.
Authors: MATTAY J. , VONDENHOF M. , DENIG R.
Published: May 2016

The polymer‐fixed pyrylium sensitizers (III) and (V) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Multielectron Redox Reactions Between Manganese Porphyrins Mediated by Nitrogen Atom Transfer.
Authors: WOO L. K. , GOLL J. G.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the nitrido Mn complex (I) with the Mn complex (II) results in formation of (III) and (IV) thus representing the first example of a nitrogen atom transfer ‐ formally a three‐electron redox process.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Preparation of Cyclopentanone Derivatives from Cyclohexenones Using Trimethylstannyllithium as a Key Reagent.
Authors: SATO T. , WATANABE T. , HAYATA T. , TSUKUI T.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the β‐trimethylstannylcyclohexanones (III), prepared from the cyclohexenones (I), with trimethylsilyl triflate yields almost exclusively the cyclopentanones (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions of Indoles with 1,4‐Quinones.
Authors: CORRADINI M. G. , COSTANTINI C. , PROTA G. , SCHULTZ T. M.
Published: May 2016

Under anaerobic conditions, the title reaction yields the known compounds (IIIa) and (VI) (structure now confirmed by UV, MS, 1H and 13C NMR data) as well as the novel derivatives (IIIb) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloperoxyhalogenation: An Effective Route to 1,2‐Dioxolanes.
Authors: BLOODWORTH A. J. , CURTIS R. J.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the alkenyl hydroperoxides (I) with the N‐iodosuccinimides results in cyclization and halogenation to produce the iodoalkyl‐1,2‐dioxolanes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Carbo‐ and Heteropolycycles. Part 12. A New Versatile Synthesis of Oxazoles by Intramolecular Aza‐Wittig Reaction.
Authors: TAKEUCHI H. , YANAGIDA S. , OZAKI T. , HAGIWARA S. , EGUCHI S.
Published: May 2016

The α‐bromo ketones (I) are converted to the corresponding α‐azido ketones (III) which undergo enol acylation to give the (acyloxy)vinyl azides (V).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Hydroxypyridine‐2‐thione Carbamates as Aminium Radical Cation Precursors. Transannular Radical Cyclizations Forming Tropanes.
Authors: NEWCOMB M. , MARQUARDT D. J.
Published: May 2016

2‐Mercaptopyridine N‐oxide (I) is cyclized with phosgene (II) to form the salt (III) which couples with the N‐methylcycloheptenamine (IV) to produce the carbamate (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Proof That the Tetranuclear Oxocopper(II) Complex (py)3Cu4Cl4O2 Initiates and Catalyzes the Oxidative Coupling of 2,6‐Dimethylphenol by Dioxygen in Nitrobenzene.
Authors: EL'SAYED M. A. , ABU‐RAQABAH A. , DAVIES G. , EL‐TOUKHY A.
Published: May 2016

Stoichiometric, cryoscopic and kinetic measurements indicate that the title copper(II) complex is a very good multielectron catalyst and is responsible for the direct oxidative coupling of (I) to the quinone (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Cluster Type Having a Pt4Ag2‐Framework.
Authors: USON R. , FORNIES J. , TOMAS M. , CASAS J. M.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the binuclear Pt compounds (I) with AgClO4 proceeds in a different way from that known for the to (I) analogous pentafluorophenyl parent compounds and yields the title complexes (III).
Untersuchung der Strömungsformen im Spalt zwischen einer rotierenden Scheibe und einer ruhenden Gegenscheibe
Authors: Sha Yujun , Dillenburger Tim , Fritz Jochen , Klemm Toni , Ripperger Siegfried
Published: May 2016

Die Strömung zwischen einer rotierenden Scheibe und einer parallelen, ruhenden Gegenscheibe wird für kleine Spaltbreite und ohne Durchfluss mithilfe von Strömungssimulationen untersucht. Dabei werden für verschiedene Strömungsformen die entsprechenden Geschwindigkeitsverteilungen dargestellt. Auf Basis der Simulationsergebnisse wird das Geschwindigkeitsprofil für die turbulente Strömungsform mit „separate boundary layers“ durch approximative Gleichungen beschrieben.
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in ascitic fluid: A case report with cytohistological correlation
Authors: Bernieh Anas , Adams Kristen , Susan Liu Xuehui , Flowers Rhyne , Shenoy Veena , Baliga Mithra , Akhtar Israh
Published: May 2016

The fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (FL‐HCC) is distinguished from other hepatocellular carcinoma's (HCC) by its unique clinical and pathological features. Cytological features of this tumor on fine needle aspiration have been described earlier. We report a rare case of a 17‐year‐old African American male with metastatic FL‐HCC, diagnosed by body fluid cytology. The patient presented with ascites and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple omental masses and liver lesions. The fluid sample was obtained along with the omental biopsy and was found positive for metastatic fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. The fluid cytology showed atypical polygonal cells with enlarged nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant granular cytoplasm. Cytomorphologic features of FL‐HCC presenting in body fluids have been rarely described before. This case enriches the cytopathology literature by providing awareness of this tumor presenting as metastasis in body fluids, especially in young individuals with liver lesions. Presence of a concurrent biopsy specimen provided cytohistological correlation, as it remains the gold standard for the accuracy and reliability of cytological diagnoses. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:757–760. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
(+)‐N‐Formylnorglaucine Rotamers from Unonopsis stipitataDiels
Authors: da Silva Felipe M. A. , da Silva Filho Francinaldo A. , de Lima Bruna R. , de Almeida Richardson A. , Mendonça Dácio M. , Pereira Junior Raimundo C. , Dutra Lívia M. , Barison Andersson , Koolen Hector H. F. , de Souza Afonso D. L. , Pinheiro Maria Lúcia B.
Published: May 2016

(+)‐N‐formylnorglaucine (1), an aporphine alkaloid containing a formyl group linked to the heterocyclic nitrogen, was isolated from the leaves of Unonopsis stipitata, an Amazon medicinal plant. The chemical structure was characterized based on 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy and HR‐ESI‐MS. NMR spectra revealed that 1 is composed of two rotamers (1a and 1b) in a ratio of approximately 2:1. In addition, the fragmentation behavior of 1 displayed an unusual fragmentation pattern compared to regular aporphine alkaloids. Thus, this compound is reported for the first time as a natural product in this study.
Conventional Monetary Policy Transmission During Financial Crises: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Dahlhaus Tatjana
Published: May 2016

This paper studies the effects of a conventional monetary policy shock in the USA during times of high financial stress. The analysis is carried out by introducing a smooth transition factor model where the transition between states (‘normal’ and high financial stress) depends on a financial conditions index. Employing a quarterly dataset over the period 1970:Q1 to 2008:Q4 containing 108 US macroeconomic and financial time series, I find that a monetary policy shock during periods of high financial stress has stronger and more persistent effects on macroeconomic variables such as output, consumption and investment than it has during ‘normal’ times. Differences in effects among the regimes seem to originate from nonlinearities in both components of the credit channel, i.e. the balance sheet channel and the bank‐lending channel. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parametric analysis of glenoid implant design and fixation type
Authors: Geraldes Diogo M. , Hansen Ulrich , Amis Andrew A.
Published: May 2016

Common post‐operative problems in shoulder arthroplasty such as glenoid loosening and joint instability may be reduced by improvements in glenoid design, shape, material choice, and fixation method. A framework for parametric analysis of different implant fixation configurations was developed in order to efficiently sift through potential glenoid component designs. We investigated the influence of design factors such as fixation type, component thickness, and peg position, number, diameter, and length in a multi‐factorial design investigation. The proposed method allowed for simultaneous comparison of the mechanical performance of 344 different parametric variations of 10 different reference geometries with either large central fixation features or small peripheral pegs, undergoing four different worst‐case scenario loading conditions, and averaging 64.7 s per model. The impact of design parameters were assessed for different factors responsible for post‐operative problems in shoulder arthroplasty, such as bone volume preservation, stresses in the implant, central displacement or fixation stability, and the worst performing geometries all relied on conventional central fixation. Of the remaining geometries, four peripheral fixation configurations produced von Mises stresses comfortably below the material's yield strength. We show that the developed method allows for simple, direct, rapid, and repeatable comparison of different design features, material choices, or fixation methods by analyzing how they influence the bone‐implant mechanical environment. The proposed method can provide valuable insight in implant design optimization by screening through multiple potential design modifications at an early design evaluation stage and highlighting the best performing combinations according to the failure mechanism to mitigate. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:775–784, 2017.
Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus enriched with selenium, zinc and copper
Authors: Rzymski Piotr , Mleczek Mirosław , Niedzielski Przemysław , Siwulski Marek , Gąsecka Monika
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom) is an important culinary and medicinal species of worldwide importance. The present study investigated for the first time whether it may be grown on substrates supplemented with Se alone or in combination with Cu and/or Zn (0.1–0.8 mmol L−1) to produce fruiting bodies of increased nutritional value.

RESULTS

As found, substrate supplementation did not affect yielded biomass up to 0.6 mmol L−1 element concentrations regardless of the cultivation model. At 0.8 mmol L−1 Se + Cu and Se + Zn supplementation biomass comparable with controls still developed. The accumulation of trace elements in the fruiting bodies generally increased over the concentration gradient reaching its maximum at 0.6 mmol L−1 (for Se + Zn and Se + Cu + Zn) and 0.8 mmol L−1 (for Se and Se + Cu). The organic Se constituted the greatest share in total Se quota. As calculated, each 10 g of dried fruiting bodies of A. bisporus obtained from 0.6 or 0.8 mmol L−1 supplementation would represent 342–469% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for Se, 43.4–48.5% for Cu and 5.2–5.8% for Zn.

CONCLUSION

Considering inexpensive methods of A. bisporus cultivation, global popularity and use of this mushroom, its biofortification with Se, Cu and Zn could have a practical application in deficiency prevention and assisted treatment. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
A timing controller embedded driver IC with 3.24‐Gbps eDP interface for chip‐on‐glass TFT‐LCD applications
Authors: Kim Tae‐Jin , Baek Changhoon , Chun Sengsub , Lee Kil‐Hoon , Hwang Jong‐Il , Kwon Kyeonghwan , Kim Yong‐Hun , Park Hyun‐Sang , Shin Youngmin , Ryu Seong‐young , Lee Jae‐Youl , Hwang Gyoocheol , Kim Gyeongnam
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a timing controller embedded driver (TED) IC with 3.24‐Gbps embedded display port (eDP), which is implemented using a 45‐nm high‐voltage CMOS process for the chip‐on‐glass (COG) TFT‐LCD applications. The proposed TED‐IC employs the input offset calibration scheme, the zero‐adjustable equalizer, and the phase locked loop‐based bang‐bang clock and data recovery to enhance the maximum data rate. Also, the proposed TED‐IC provides efficient power management by supporting advanced link power management feature of eDP standard v1.4. Additionally, the smart charge sharing is proposed to reduce the dynamic power consumption of output buffers. Measured result demonstrates the maximum data rate of 3.24 Gbps from a 1.1 V supply voltage with a 7.9‐inch QXGA 60‐Hz COG‐LCD prototype panel and 44% power saving from the display system.
Evidence of Shared Genome‐Wide Additive Genetic Effects on Interpersonal Trauma Exposure and Generalized Vulnerability to Drug Dependence in a Population of Substance Users
Authors: Palmer Rohan H. C. , Nugent Nicole R. , Brick Leslie A. , Bidwell Cinnamon L. , McGeary John E. , Keller Matthew C. , Knopik Valerie S.
Published: May 2016

Exposure to traumatic experiences is associated with an increased risk for drug dependence and poorer response to substance abuse treatment (Claus & Kindleberger, 2002; Jaycox, Ebener, Damesek, & Becker, 2004). Despite this evidence, the reasons for the observed associations of trauma and the general tendency to be dependent upon drugs of abuse remain unclear. Data (N = 2,596) from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment were used to analyze (a) the degree to which commonly occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; minor allele frequency > 1%) in the human genome explains exposure to interpersonal traumatic experiences, and (b) the extent to which additive genetic effects on trauma are shared with additive genetic effects on drug dependence. Our results suggested moderate additive genetic influences on interpersonal trauma, h2SNP‐Interpersonal = .47, 95% confidence interval (CI) [.10, .85], that are partially shared with additive genetic effects on generalized vulnerability to drug dependence, h2SNP‐DD = .36, 95% CI [.11, .61]; rG‐SNP = .49, 95% CI [.02, .96]. Although the design/technique does not exclude the possibility that substance abuse causally increases risk for traumatic experiences (or vice versa), these findings raise the possibility that commonly occurring SNPs influence both the general tendency towards drug dependence and interpersonal trauma.
Figure of merit for Kerr nonlinear plasmonic waveguides
Authors: Li Guangyuan , de Sterke C. Martijn , Palomba Stefano
Published: May 2016

Plasmonic waveguides are promising in many applications because of their subwavelength field confinement, which can strongly enhance light‐matter interactions. Nevertheless, how to efficiently evaluate their Kerr nonlinear performance is still an open question because of the presence of relatively large linear losses. Here a simple and versatile figure of merit (FOM) is proposed for Kerr nonlinear waveguides with linear losses. To derive the FOM, a generalized full‐vectorial nonlinear Schrödinger equation governing nonlinear pulse propagation in a lossy waveguide is developed, and an approximate analytic solution of the degenerate four wave mixing conversion efficiency is derived and validated. The effectiveness of the FOM is verified with an all‐plasmonic and a hybrid‐plasmonic waveguide configuration. Rigorous results show that the optimal waveguide length for the highest conversion efficiency is ln 3 times the attenuation length. At this length, the upper limits of the conversion efficiency and the nonlinear phase shift are determined by the FOM. These results provide fundamental theory and useful guidance in exploring plasmonic waveguides for nonlinear optical applications.

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Combined Macroscopic, Nanoscopic, and Atomic‐Scale Characterization of Gold–Ruthenium Bimetallic Catalysts for Octanol Oxidation
Authors: Chinchilla Lidia E. , Olmos Carol , Kurttepeli Mert , Bals Sara , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Villa Alberto , Prati Laura , Blanco Ginesa , Calvino José J. , Chen Xiaowei , Hungría Ana B.
Published: May 2016

A series of gold–ruthenium bimetallic catalysts of increasing Au:Ru molar ratios supported on a Ce0.62Zr0.38O2 mixed oxide are prepared and their structural and chemical features characterized by a combination of macroscopic and atomic‐scale techniques based on scanning transmission electron microscopy. The influence of the temperature of the final reduction treatment used as activation step (350–700 °C range) is also investigated. The preparation method used allows catalysts to be successfully prepared where a major fraction of the metal nanoparticles is in the size range below 5 nm. The structural complexities characteristic of this type of catalysts are evidenced, as well as the capabilities and limitations of both the macroscopic and microscopic techniques in the characterization of the system of metal nanoparticles. A positive influence of the addition of Ru on both the resistance against sintering and the catalytic performance of the starting supported Au catalyst is evidenced.
Two for One: Using QAR to Increase Reading Comprehension and Improve Test Scores
Authors: Green Susan
Published: May 2016

This teaching tip describes an intervention used in a third‐grade classroom implemented to help students pass an end‐of‐grade reading comprehension test. Low scores on a practice end‐of‐grade comprehension test prompted a re‐examination of classroom reading instruction and a plan for intervention. This teaching tip describes the phases implemented over an eight‐week period to add the Question Answer Relationship (QAR) strategy to students’ reader's toolboxes to increase comprehension and improve test scores. Most student scores on end‐of‐grade test increased after this intervention, which supports the use of QAR to improve test scores while furthering literacy development.
Longitudinal changes in fetal biometry and cerebroplacental hemodynamics in fetuses with congenital heart disease
Authors: Ruiz A. , Cruz‐Lemini M. , Masoller N. , Sanz‐Cortés M. , Ferrer Q. , Ribera I. , Martínez J. M. , Crispi F. , Arévalo S. , Gómez O. , Pérez‐Hoyos S. , Carreras E. , Gratacós E. , Llurba E.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

To determine the longitudinal behavior of fetal biometric measures and cerebroplacental hemodynamics throughout gestation in fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods

Fetal biometry and Doppler hemodynamics (uterine artery (UtA), umbilical artery (UA) and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA)) were measured serially in a cohort of consecutive fetuses diagnosed with CHD. Evaluations were made at various time points, from diagnosis (20–25 weeks) to delivery, with at least two measurements per fetus that were at least 2 weeks apart. Fetuses were classified into three groups according to the pattern of blood supply to the brain (placental vs systemic) that would be expected on the basis of the type of CHD. All parameters were transformed into Z‐scores. A linear mixed model to analyze repeated measurements was constructed for each parameter to assess its behavior throughout gestation.

Results

Four hundred and forty‐four ultrasound examinations were performed in 119 CHD fetuses, with a median of two measurements per fetus. The fetuses presented a small head at diagnosis (biparietal diameter (BPD) Z‐score, −1.32 ± 0.99; head circumference (HC) Z‐score, −0.79 ± 1.02), which remained small throughout gestation. UtA and UA pulsatility indices (PI) showed a significant increase towards the end of pregnancy, whereas no significant changes were observed in MCA‐PI or cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) with gestational age. Both MCA and CPR presented significant differences in longitudinal behavior between CHD groups, while BPD and HC did not.

Conclusions

CHD fetuses have a relatively small head from the second trimester of pregnancy, regardless of the type of CHD anomaly, and increasing resistance in the UtA and UA as pregnancy progresses, suggestive of increasing degree of placental impairment. Our findings indicate the early onset of mechanisms that could lead to poorer neurodevelopment later in life. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Fatty Acid Profiles of Some Fabaceae Seed Oils
Authors: Knothe Gerhard , Razon Luis F. , Madulid Domingo A. , Agoo Esperanza Maribel G. , de Castro Maria Ellenita G.
Published: May 2016

The fatty acid profiles of six seed oils of the Fabaceae (Leguminosae) family are reported and discussed. These are the seed oils of Centrosema pubescens, Clitoria ternatea, Crotalaria mucronata, Macroptilium lathyroides, Pachyrhizus erosus, and Senna alata. The most common fatty acid in the fatty acid profiles of these oils is linoleic acid with palmitic, stearic, oleic and linolenic acids usually completing the most prominent fatty acids in these species. Long‐chain saturated fatty acids were observed in all oils. Centrosema pubescens and Macroptilium lathyroides exhibited the greatest amounts of long‐chain saturated fatty acids exceeding the amount of stearic acid in these oils. C. pubescens exhibited slightly more that 6 % C24:0 together with some fatty acids >C25 and M. lathyroides approximately 4 % C22:0 and 3 % C24:0. The results are comparatively discussed to previous data on the fatty acid profiles of Fabaceae species.
Imaging of the Painful Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Hargunani Rikin , Madani Hardi , Khoo Michael , Fotiadou Anastasia , Pressney Ian , Calleja Michele , O'Donnell Paul
Published: May 2016

The incidence of complications following total hip arthroplasty is low, but due to the frequency of the procedure, they are quite commonly encountered and require appropriate investigation. Complications include aseptic loosening, infection, foreign body granulomatosis (osteolysis), adverse reactions to metal debris, periprosthetic fracture, heterotopic ossification, hardware failure, and a range of soft tissue complications, all of which may result in pain. Relevant imaging findings are illustrated and the role of various imaging modalities is reviewed. A suggested approach for the radiological investigation of each potential complication is outlined, based on our experience at a specialist referral unit.
Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Capsular Ligamentous Supporting Structures of the Knee
Authors: Gimber Lana H. , Hardy Jolene C. , Melville David M. , Scalcione Luke R. , Rowan Andrew , Taljanovic Mihra S.
Published: May 2016

Recognition of the normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearances of the capsular ligaments of the knee is of great importance. These ligaments contribute to stability of the knee joint and are frequently injured. In this article, we describe the normal MR imaging anatomy of the capsular ligaments of the knee including the lateral and medial collateral ligamentous complexes, the extensor mechanism, and the supporting ligamentous structures of the proximal tibiofibular joint. Normal MR imaging findings and important anatomic variants of the neurovascular structures of the knee are also described.
Penile Traumatic Neuroma: A Late Complication of Penile Dorsal Neurotomy to Treat Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Park Hyun Jun , Kim Tae Nam , Baek Seung Ryong , Lee Kyung Min , Choi Kyung-Un , Park Nam Cheol
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Traumatic neuroma is a reactive process caused by the regeneration of an injured nerve that usually forms a nodular proliferation of small nerve bundles. Penile traumatic neuroma is rare; only a few cases related to circumcision have been reported.

Aim

To report on a case of traumatic neuroma in the penis after selective dorsal neurotomy (SDN) to treat premature ejaculation.

Methods

The penile traumatic neuroma was successfully removed by excision and confirmed by histopathology.

Results

A 55-year-old man who had had several painless, slow-growing nodules on his penis for 2 years presented to our hospital. He had no history of genital trauma, urinary tract infection, or penile surgery, except SDN to treat premature ejaculation. The nodules were excised and the final diagnosis was traumatic neuroma. No recurrence has been detected during 1 year of follow-up.

Conclusion

The main complications of SDN are recurrence of premature ejaculation, pain or paresthesia on the glans penis, and erectile dysfunction. However, no traumatic neuroma has been reported as a complication. We report that a traumatic neuroma can occur after SDN.
Glucocorticoid levels after exposure to predator odor and chronic psychosocial stress with dexamethasone application in rats
Authors: Starcevic Ana , Petricevic Sasa , Radojicic Zoran , Djulejic Vuk , Ilankovic Andrej , Starcevic Branislav , Filipovic Branislav
Published: May 2016

This study was conducted to explore the effects of specific psychosocial paradigm on predator animal posttraumatic stress model and to test the hypothesis that psychosocially stressed rats would exibit abnormal levels of cortisol and a larger suppression of cortisol levels after the application of dexamethasone. Animals were divided in two groups: experimental and control groups. The experimental group was exposed to two types of stressors: acute immobilization stress, and combined predator stress and daily social stress with application of dexamethasone. Blood sampling was performed at three different times. We found statistically significant results after analyzing the differences between cortisol levels in different times of blood sampling in the group of animals exposed to stress with dexamethasone application. Statistical significance was found when we compared the experimental group with the control group in terms of elevated cortisol levels during blood sampling after stress paradigm exposition. Many significant disruptions in the functioning of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis were observed, such as decrease in basal cortisol levels and enhanced dexamethasone‐induced inhibition of cortisol levels. These findings are important because their impact can translate to human individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder, which is the most important role of every animal model in research.
Stakeholder Judgments of Value
Authors: Lankoski Leena , Smith N. Craig , Van Wassenhove Luk
Published: May 2016

Although central to stakeholder theory, stakeholder value is surprisingly neglected in the literature. We draw upon prospect theory to show how stakeholder judgments of value depend crucially on the reference state, how there are several alternative reference states that may be operative when stakeholders judge value, how the choice of reference state for stakeholders’ value judgments can occur intuitively or deliberately, and how the level of the operant reference state may change with time and may also be incorrectly perceived by stakeholders or managers. Our theorizing results in a fundamentally different way of perceiving the value of corporate actions to stakeholders and shifts understanding of the avenues available for companies and others to influence stakeholder judgments of value. This novel perspective has implications both for theory and management practice, and not least for normative business ethics, if business is about stakeholder value creation.
Double-diffusive lock-exchange gravity currents
Authors: Konopliv Nathan , Meiburg Eckart
Published: May 2016

Double-diffusive lock-exchange gravity currents in the fingering regime are explored via two- and three-dimensional Navier–Stokes simulations in the Boussinesq limit. Even at modest Reynolds numbers, for which single-diffusive gravity currents remain laminar, double-diffusive currents are seen to give rise to pronounced small-scale fingering convection. The front velocity of these currents exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on the diffusivity ratio and the initial stability ratio. Strongly double-diffusive currents lose both heat and salinity more quickly than weakly double-diffusive ones, and they lose salinity more quickly than heat, so that the density difference driving them increases. This differential loss of heat and salinity furthermore results in the emergence of strong local density maxima and minima along the top and bottom walls in the gate region, which in turn promote the formation of secondary, counterflowing currents along the walls. These secondary currents cause the flow to develop a three-layer structure. The late stages of the flow are dominated by currents flowing oppositely to the original ones. Three-dimensional simulation results are consistent with the trends observed in a two-dimensional parametric study. A detailed analysis of the energy budget demonstrates that strongly double-diffusive currents can release several times their initially available potential energy, and convert large amounts of internal energy into mechanical energy via scalar diffusion. Scaling arguments based on the simulation results suggest that even low Reynolds number double-diffusive gravity currents are governed by a balance of buoyancy and turbulent drag.
RESIDUAL-BASED GARCH BOOTSTRAP AND SECOND ORDER ASYMPTOTIC REFINEMENT
Authors: Jeong Minsoo
Published: May 2016

The residual-based bootstrap is considered one of the most reliable methods for bootstrapping generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models. However, in terms of theoretical aspects, only the consistency of the bootstrap has been established, while the higher order asymptotic refinement remains unproven. For example, Corradi and Iglesias (2008) demonstrate the asymptotic refinement of the block bootstrap for GARCH models but leave the results of the residual-based bootstrap as a conjecture. To derive the second order asymptotic refinement of the residual-based GARCH bootstrap, we utilize the analysis in Andrews (2001, 2002) and establish the Edgeworth expansions of thet-statistics, as well as the convergence of their moments. As expected, we show that the bootstrap error in the coverage probabilities of the equal-tailedt-statistic and the corresponding test-inversion confidence intervals are at most of the order ofO(n−1), where the exact order depends on the moment condition of the process. This convergence rate is faster than that of the block bootstrap, as well as that of the first order asymptotic test.
Synthesis and X-ray diffraction data of 2-morpholino-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acetonitrile, (C15H20N2O4)
Authors: Mendoza Jose H. Quintana , Henao J. A. , Otero Aurora L. Carreño , Kouznetsov Vladimir V.
Published: May 2016

The α-aminonitrile, 2-morpholino-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acetonitrile (C15H20N2O4), was prepared through a silica sulfuric acid-catalyzed Strecker reaction between 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, morpholine, and two different cyanide sources. Molecular characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, (1H, 13C – mono and bidimensional) nuclear magnetic resonance; crystallographic characterization was completed by X-ray powder diffraction of polycrystalline samples. The title compounds crystallized in a monoclinic system and unit-cell parameters are reported [a = 13.904(2), b = 5.1696(6), c = 21.628(3) Å, β = 104.31(1)°, unit-cell volume V = 1506.3(3) Å3, Z = 4]. All measured lines were indexed with the P21/a (No. 14) space group.
High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements of simple bending of pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory alloy wires
Authors: Zhang Baozhuo , Young Marcus L.
Published: May 2016

Many technological applications of austenitic shape memory alloys (SMAs) involve cyclical mechanical loading and unloading in order to take advantage of pseudoelasticity. In this paper, we investigated the effect of mechanical bending of pseudoelastic NiTi SMA wires using high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD). Differential scanning calorimetry was performed to identify the phase transformation temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy images show that micro-cracks in compressive regions of the wire propagate with increasing bend angle, while tensile regions tend not to exhibit crack propagation. SR-XRD patterns were analyzed to study the phase transformation and investigate micromechanical properties. By observing the various diffraction peaks such as the austenite (200) and the martensite (${\bar 1}12$), (${\bar 1}03$), (${\bar 1}11$), and (101) planes, intensities and residual strain values exhibit strong anisotropy, depending upon whether the sample is in compression or tension during bending.
NON-COMMUTATIVE LOCALIZATIONS OF ADDITIVE CATEGORIES AND WEIGHT STRUCTURES
Authors: Bondarko Mikhail V. , Sosnilo Vladimir A.
Published: May 2016

In this paper we demonstrate thatnon-commutative localizationsof arbitrary additive categories (generalizing those defined by Cohn in the setting of rings) are closely (and naturally) related to weight structures. Localizing an arbitrary triangulated category$\text{}\underline{C}$by a set$S$of morphisms in the heart$\text{}\underline{Hw}$of a weight structure$w$on it one obtains a triangulated category endowed with a weight structure$w^{\prime }$. The heart of$w^{\prime }$is a certain version of the Karoubi envelope of the non-commutative localization$\text{}\underline{Hw}[S^{-1}]_{\mathit{add}}$(of$\text{}\underline{Hw}$by$S$). The functor$\text{}\underline{Hw}\rightarrow \text{}\underline{Hw}[S^{-1}]_{\mathit{add}}$is the natural categorical version of Cohn’s localization of a ring, i.e., it is universal among additive functors that make all elements of$S$invertible. For any additive category$\text{}\underline{A}$, taking$\text{}\underline{C}=K^{b}(\text{}\underline{A})$we obtain a very efficient tool for computing$\text{}\underline{A}[S^{-1}]_{\mathit{add}}$; using it, we generalize the calculations of Gerasimov and Malcolmson (made for rings only). We also prove that$\text{}\underline{A}[S^{-1}]_{\mathit{add}}$coincides with the ‘abstract’ localization$\text{}\underline{A}[S^{-1}]$(as constructed by Gabriel and Zisman) if$S$contains all identity morphisms of$\text{}\underline{A}$and is closed with respect to direct sums. We apply our results to certain categories of birational motives$DM_{gm}^{o}(U)$(generalizing those defined by Kahn and Sujatha). We define$DM_{gm}^{o}(U)$for an arbitrary$U$as a certain localization of$K^{b}(Cor(U))$and obtain a weight structure for it. When$U$is the spectrum of a perfect field, the weight structure obtained this way is compatible with the corresponding Chow and Gersten weight structures defined by the first author in previous papers. For a general$U$the result is completely new. The existence of the correspondingadjacent$t$-structure is also a new result over a general base scheme; its heart is a certain category of birational sheaves with transfers over$U$.
Supportive medical care in life-threatening illness: A pilot study
Authors: Young William C. , Nadarajah Sheeba R. , Berger Ann M.
Published: May 2016

Objective:

The goal of this pilot study was to identify the processes by which healing occurs in patients who experience a life-threatening illness.

Method:

Healing was examined by using two qualitative studies that employed a semistructured interview process (interviews lasted between 30 and 115 minutes). There were 10 cardiac event survivors and 9 cancer survivors. These participants came from a community hospital setting (cardiac), nonmedical holistic services organization (cancer), and a research hospital (cancer). Before participants could take part in the study, they were administered preliminary screening measurements, the first of which was an instrument similar to the Distress Thermometer. Participants then self-reported their positive life-transforming changes. If one to three changes were reported six months after onset of the illness, participants were deemed to have passed the screening. Finally, participants were tested for speaking volume and clarity.

Results:

An overall theme that was prevalent throughout the interviews was medical support. Participants found that their positive, life-transforming changes were typically connected with supportive caregivers who helped to create a culture of care. They also indicated that an absence of this medical supportive care hindered development of such life-transforming changes.

Significance of Results:

Our results indicate that a medical care team will be more effective if a positive culture of care is created. This can be implemented if the team provides comfort, which involves being more engaged in the treatment of patients as well as being more attentive to their psychosocial needs.
Functional development of mechanosensitive hair cells in stem cell-derived organoids parallels native vestibular hair cells
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ping , Koehler Karl R. , Mikosz Andrew M. , Hashino Eri , Holt Jeffrey R.
Published: May 2016

Inner ear sensory epithelia contain mechanosensitive hair cells that transmit information to the brain through innervation with bipolar neurons. Mammalian hair cells do not regenerate and are limited in number. Here we investigate the potential to generate mechanosensitive hair cells from mouse embryonic stem cells in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system. The system faithfully recapitulates mouse inner ear induction followed by self-guided development into organoids that morphologically resemble inner ear vestibular organs. We find that organoid hair cells acquire mechanosensitivity equivalent to functionally mature hair cells in postnatal mice. The organoid hair cells also progress through a similar dynamic developmental pattern of ion channel expression, reminiscent of two subtypes of native vestibular hair cells. We conclude that our 3D culture system can generate large numbers of fully functional sensory cells which could be used to investigate mechanisms of inner ear development and disease as well as regenerative mechanisms for inner ear repair.
Protons at the speed of sound: Predicting specific biological signaling from physics
Authors: Fichtl Bernhard , Shrivastava Shamit , Schneider Matthias F.
Published: May 2016

Local changes in pH are known to significantly alter the state and activity of proteins and enzymes. pH variations induced by pulses propagating along soft interfaces (e.g. membranes) would therefore constitute an important pillar towards a physical mechanism of biological signaling. Here we investigate the pH-induced physical perturbation of a lipid interface and the physicochemical nature of the subsequent acoustic propagation. Pulses are stimulated by local acidification and propagate – in analogy to sound – at velocities controlled by the interface’s compressibility. With transient local pH changes of 0.6 directly observed at the interface and velocities up to 1.4 m/s this represents hitherto the fastest protonic communication observed. Furthermore simultaneously propagating mechanical and electrical changes in the lipid interface are detected, exposing the thermodynamic nature of these pulses. Finally, these pulses are excitable only beyond a threshold for protonation, determined by the pKa of the lipid head groups. This protonation-transition plus the existence of an enzymatic pH-optimum offer a physical basis for intra- and intercellular signaling via sound waves at interfaces, where not molecular structure and mechano-enyzmatic couplings, but interface thermodynamics and thermodynamic transitions are the origin of the observations.
Motile properties of the bi-directional kinesin-5 Cin8 are affected by phosphorylation in its motor domain
Authors: Shapira Ofer , Gheber Larisa
Published: May 2016

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-5 Cin8 performs essential mitotic functions in spindle assembly and anaphase B spindle elongation. Recent work has shown that Cin8 is a bi-directional motor which moves towards the minus-end of microtubules (MTs) under high ionic strength (IS) conditions and changes directionality in low IS conditions and when bound between anti-parallel microtubules. Previous work from our laboratory has also indicated that Cin8 is differentially phosphorylated during late anaphase at cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1)-specific sites located in its motor domain. In vivo, such phosphorylation causes Cin8 detachment from spindles and reduces the spindle elongation rate, while maintaining proper spindle morphology. To study the effect of phosphorylation on Cin8 motor function, we examined in vitro motile properties of wild type Cin8, as well as its phosphorylation using phospho-deficient and phospho-mimic variants, in a single molecule fluorescence motility assay. Analysis was performed on whole cell extracts and on purified Cin8 samples. We found that addition of negative charges in the phospho-mimic mutant weakened the MT-motor interaction, increased motor velocity and promoted minus-end-directed motility. These results indicate that phosphorylation in the catalytic domain of Cin8 regulates its motor function.
Marked long-term decline in ambient CO mixing ratio in SE England, 1997–2014: evidence of policy success in improving air quality
Authors: Lowry D. , Lanoisellé M. E. , Fisher R. E. , Martin M. , Fowler C. M. R. , France J. L. , Hernández-Paniagua I. Y. , Novelli P. C. , Sriskantharajah S. , O’Brien P. , Rata N. D. , Holmes C. W. , Fleming Z. L. , Clemitshaw K. C. , Zazzeri G. , Pommier M. , McLinden C. A. , Nisbet E. G.
Published: May 2016

Atmospheric CO at Egham in SE England has shown a marked and progressive decline since 1997, following adoption of strict controls on emissions. The Egham site is uniquely positioned to allow both assessment and comparison of ‘clean Atlantic background’ air and CO-enriched air downwind from the London conurbation. The decline is strongest (approximately 50 ppb per year) in the 1997–2003 period but continues post 2003. A ‘local CO increment’ can be identified as the residual after subtraction of contemporary background Atlantic CO mixing ratios from measured values at Egham. This increment, which is primarily from regional sources (during anticyclonic or northerly winds) or from the European continent (with easterly air mass origins), has significant seasonality, but overall has declined steadily since 1997. On many days of the year CO measured at Egham is now not far above Atlantic background levels measured at Mace Head (Ireland). The results are consistent with MOPITT satellite observations and ‘bottom-up’ inventory results. Comparison with urban and regional background CO mixing ratios in Hong Kong demonstrates the importance of regional, as opposed to local reduction of CO emission. The Egham record implies that controls on emissions subsequent to legislation have been extremely successful in the UK.