bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limitações do uso do e-mail como estratégia de comunicação no marketing social downstream para o público capixaba
Authors: Miranda Marcello Francisco , D'Angelo Marcia Juliana
Published: January 2020

Objetivos: Tendo por base a teoria social cognitiva (i) identificar as atitudes dos receptores no tocante deciso de ler ou deletar a mensagem de marketing social enviada por e-mail; (ii) discutir a intrusividade percebida nas intenes dos receptores em atenderem aos apelos da mensagem; iii) identificar os fatores cognitivos que predizem a inteno dos receptores em atender aos apelos da mensagem, aps a tomada de deciso de l-la. Mtodo: Estudo quantitativo, de corte transversal, com 349 alunos de uma instituio de ensino superior capixaba, cujos dados foram interpretados por meio de trs anlises: modelagem de equaes estruturadas, Probit e frequncia cruzada. Originalidade/relevncia: Esta pesquisa avana o estudo exploratrio de Wilson et al. (2015) ao analisar as atitudes dos destinatrios de e-mail baseado em permisso, alm de considerar o aspecto intrusivo percebido. Resultados: Metade dos respondentes optaram por ler a mensagem de e-mail, mostrando que a percepo quanto pouca utilidade, relevncia e familiaridade com o assunto pode ter contribudo para as atitudes negativas em relao ao e-mail. E a renda pode impactar a mudana de comportamento voltado doao, afetando tambm a percepo dos esforos, e dos custos para agir, especialmente em regies cuja renda per capita baixa. Contribuies tericas: Como o foco do marketing social downstream est na mudana do comportamento individual, a confiana na estratgia de comunicao baseada apenas no envio de uma mensagem de marketing social por e-mail pode estar comprometida. Ou seja, pode limitar a eficcia de uma mudana de comportamento, principalmente para ajudar pessoas que morem em outros continentes. Contribuies para a gesto: Os resultados tambm podem atuar como fatores contributivos para a formulao de aes estratgicas de marketing social mais efetivas para instigar novas atitudes e comportamentos, no tocante ajuda a estranhos.
Literary Journalism as a Medium of Cultural Memory. The Case of Papusza by Angelika Kuźniak
Authors: Horodecka Magdalena
Published: January 2020

The article offers an analysis of the strategies of writing culture (James Clifford) in Papusza, a reportage written by Angelika Kuźniak. The reconstruction of the cultural memory about the protagonist, a Gypsy poet living in Poland, is one of the key objectives of Kuźniak’s text. Additionally, the article examines the ways in which Kuźniak mediates between the subject and the narration concerning the culture of the Other. One of Kuźnaik’s key narrative strategies is a relativist poetics, which gives voice to the „users of culture”. The notion of „ethnographic mimesis” is referred to in order to describe the narrator’s attempt to present the world from a Gypsy’s perspective.
The Return of the „Red Donkey Jacket”
Authors: Mitzner Piotr
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to Polish wartime poetry (1939–1945) and its later reception.
The term „the third avant-guard” has been used to indicate a singular tendency.
Its representatives, who disapproved of banality and stereotypes, themselves wrote texts
based on stereotypes. These texts became subject to manipulation in the post-war period
so as to serve ideological purposes. The article also examines the category of the patriotic
song and a connection between text and music in this form.
The Problem of Over-Interpretation: „The Tender Offer of Literature” and the Answer
Authors: Paczoska Ewa
Published: January 2020

The article shows a paradoxical status of over-interpretation in contemporary literary studies. This category is still very important in literary and cultural research. However, questions arise regarding the limits of interpretation. Maurice Blanchot’s metaphor of „the tender offer of literature” is evoked so as to express this dilemma and to suggest a return to the old-fashioned categories of the intentions of reading and the intentions of the text.
Bolesław Leśmian’s Serbian “a-not-fully-attained-incarnation”
Authors: Bunjak Petar , Stojanović Branislava
Published: January 2020

The aarticle focuses on the almost „zero” reception of the poetic legacy of Bolesław Leśmian in the Serbian context, taking into account a wider former Serbo-Croat
reality. Before World War II, Serbian readers could fi nd hardly any information about
Leśmian, and this did not change much in the second half of the 20th century, when
Leśmian was „rediscovered” in his national milieu. The paper addresses the problem of
the presumed untranslatability of Leśmian’s poetry and ponders the conditions of rendering the formal features of his works, experiments in the fi eld of lexis and semantics,
and references to folk culture, in the form of a Serbian / Croatian poetic text.
The New York Leśmian: Marian Polak-Chlebowicz's Translation Strategies
Authors: Kaźmierczak Marta
Published: January 2020

The paper discusses Marian Polak-Chlabicz’s English translations of Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry. The analysis begins with the description of the preliminary norm as refl ected in text selection
and of the initial norm, which is defi ned by the attempts at re-creating the strangeness of Leśmian’s
poetics. Polak-Chlabicz’s translation strategies under discussion include: his way of handling neologisms and other creative language deviations, the issues of syntax, poetic form, ideational contents
of the poems. Editorial problems and the issue of paratexts have also been addressed.
The logic of equal aesthetic rights
Authors: Groys Boris
Published: January 2020

The author of the essay addresses the question of the autonomy of art and its possible paradoxical
role in supporting or projecting social and political movements. The modern territory of art in his view is organized around the absence or rejection of any immanent, purely aesthetic value
judgments. Thus the autonomy of art implies not an autonomous hierarchy of taste, but the undoing
of every such hierarchy and the creation of a space for the regime of equal aesthetic rights for all
artforms and artworks.
It can’t be sung out. You can be it. And keep singing.
Songs in Edward Stachura’s literary output
Authors: Dobrowolska Joanna
Published: January 2020

The article offers a synthesis of the problems of content, form and language in the
songs by Edward Stachura. This genre has a special place in the writer’s output. Stachura’s songwriting was important for his development of the conception of „active poetry” and also in his search for the „complete literary utterance”. The article focuses on the place of Stachura’s songs in the cultural and literary circulation and on their autobiographical and existential themes, the main features of their language
and the problem of genre.
The Literariness of Philosophers’ Lives in Twentieth-Century Polish Prose
Authors: Kisła Patrycjusz
Published: January 2020

The article offers an outline of the history of literary biography, in particular the lives of philosophers,
to identify a corresponding tradition in twentieth-century Polish prose. The most important
category of analysis is the literariness of texts that border on literature and philosophy. This accounts
for the key signifi cance of the problem of genre.
All Roads Lead to Unity: Tomasz Różycki’s Litery as a Search for the Contemporary Arché. The Philosophical Dimension of Poetic Expression
Authors: Koniuszy Przemysław
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes Tomasz Różycki’s poetic volume Letters in the light of selected philosophical contexts in order to demonstrate the correspondence between Różycki’s poetic imagination and Heraclitus’ philosophy and the possibility of equating the letters with a logos, a fundamental concept in the Ionian philosophy of nature. Accordingly, the letter helps to connect the poetic world and the absolute sense, from which everything else results. Secondly, the potential relations between the chaos often appearing in Różycki’s poems and the apeiron of Anaximander have been pointed out. Yet another correspondence concerns the thread of unity and the struggle of opposites, the notions crucial in Greek philosophy and in the work of the Polish poet, who wrote the poem The Eternal War of Opposites. Różycki explores the relation between man who tries to understand the world around him and the reality which undergoes a permanent process of change. Love can be seen as a force that alleviates confl icts arising from rather abstract philosophical problems in the Letters. The article additionally addresses the question of the symbolism of numbers and letters in Różycki’s poetry. The connection between his poetry and the artistic creativity and world view of Stéphane Mallarmé constitutes a special context in this respect. In Różycki’s Letters, the philosophical thought often provides a key to the poet’s most important concerns: the human condition in (post)modernity, the actual shape of objects, and the forces behind the image of the moment experienced in space-time.
The Beginnings of Polish Comparative Literature. The Early Paradigm
by Edward Kasperski
Authors: Nalewajk Żaneta
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the early paradigm of Polish comparative literature, as well as the conditions
of its introduction. A survey of the practices of writers such as Ludwik Osiński, Adam Mickiewicz,
Cyprian Norwid, Kazimierz Brodziński, Maurycy Mochnacki, shows that this paradigm was
characterized by: 1) pluralism, 2) a search for explanatory constructs that are indicative of the
unity of literature, culture, and civilization in the face of common empiricism and sensual observation,
3) references to imagination, invention, intuition, and „sensing”, which freely interconnect
with rational cognitive activity, 4) the comparative method, 5) the community-based categories,
6) the issues of identity-based thinking (essentialist and realistic when it comes to the perception
of universals), 7) concentration on the issues of emulation (similarity and repetition) and originality
(difference), which polemically evokes the classics, 8) totalizing thinking, 9) the category of nationality,
10) transgressiveness. The article is a posthumous publication and has been submitted to print
by Żaneta Nalewajk.
„The last mark of a vanishing thought”.
Zygmunt Krasiński’s Three thoughts of Ligenza as a Testament
Authors: Pyda Jakub
Published: January 2020

Can the testament be an artistic expression? Three thoughts of Ligenza (Trzy myśli Ligenzy), Zygmunt
Krasiński’s work from 1840 is an intriguing case in point. It is not only the last will of the dying
protagonist, but primarily a poetic and philosophic form that helps understanding the ultimate
truth. On the structural level, the three eponymous thoughts are the consecutive parts of the poem.
At the same time, in the fi ctional sense, they are refl ections of Henryk Ligenza, a mysterious romantic
who has left his notes – „the last mark of a vanishing thought”. Ligenza’s essential role is to mediate
eschatological ideas. The article puts emphasis on the apocalyptic meaning of the testament by looking
at how a fading romantic subjectivity may expose the transcendent, messianic content of history.
Greek symposion as a space for philosophical discourse: Xenophanes and criticism of the poetic tradition
Authors: Skarbek-Kazanecki Jan
Published: January 2020

The aim of the present article is to discuss the relation between the philosophy and poetry in archaic Greece on the example of Xenophanes of Colophon (6th century BC), the poet best known for a critique of anthropomorphic imagery of the traditional religion. The initial problem lies in understanding the performative aspect of the elegiac poems of Xenophanes; analysis of the fragment 1W and 2W has revealed that the Xenophanes’ literary output can be situated within the framework of the aristocratic symposium. This sympotic context determines the second question, wiz. how the poetic fragments fi t with the Xenophanes’ compositions in which he attacks the traditional beliefs and poetic ideas of Homer or Hesiod. The particular focus has been on the fragments of elegies that are presumed to belong to the collection named Sylloi: as the author has suggested, the critique of traditional mythical narratives, as well as undermining the authority of other poets, can be interpreted as an expression of performative practices functioning at the symposia of the archaic and classical epochs. By removing the division between the „philosophy” and „poetry”, the different aspects of Xenophanes’ fragments start to coincide with the phenomenon of ancient symposium, understood as a space for the intellectual competition.
Elusive, labile and constant in Patti Smith’s literary work
Authors: Maria Osiński Dawid
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes the literary work of Patti Smith, an American singer-songwriter, poet (but not poetess) and visual artist, with a focus on the issues of historical, sociological, political, cultural and religious dialogue in her poetry. Dialogism, in turn, is a key aspect of intertextual creativity. The article examines the intersections of Smith’s lyrical and autobiographical writing with art, culture, religion and philosophy, for example her references to literary traditions (European modernism), art (impressionism and pop-cultural vanguard), religion (mysticism) and architecture (artefacts). Smith’s poetry raises questions about human identity, the meaning of loneliness, individual human possibilities in the face of history and politics. Diverse literary forms to be found in Smith’s output are referred to so as to account for the psychological and literary relevance of her achievement.
Jacek Kleyff writes letters
Authors: Paczoska Ewa
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes selected songs by Jacek Kleyff, one of the most famous Polish
sing-songwriters of the 1960s, with a special focus on his songs written in the form
of letters: First and Second letter to Leonard Cohen, composed in the 1970s. Another
problem addressed in the article is Cohen’s infl uence on Polish independent singing
poets. In the 80s, Kleyff gave up the form of the „song–letter”, but he returns to it in his
latest songs, which express his reaction to the contemporary political situation in Poland.
The Trace of Political Theology in Stanisław Lem’s Memoirs Found in a Bathtub
Authors: Jazienicki Zbigniew
Published: January 2020

The article focuses on Stanisław Lem’s novel Memoirs Found in a Bathtub which is discussed in the postsecular contexts of the Jewish theology and its political implications. The interpretation is supported by the latest biographical research on Lem’s life which implies that his Jewish identity, concealed by the author in the communist reality, and experience of the Holocaust have been ignored or at least insuffi ciently articulated in Lem criticism. The article analyzes Lem’s novel as an attempt to rethink the main categories of Jewish theology, such as creation, revelation and salvation, as a theoretical frame of this Kafkaesque anti-totalitarian satire. In this work, the writer not only identifi es the theological axis of a modern politics, but also tries to point to a possible – unobtrusively subversive – line of fl ight by adumbrating the “Messianic” strategy of escaping from the Mythical closure of the biopolitical necessity.
Cyprian Norwid and August Cieszkowski’s Historiosophical Project
Authors: Samsel Karol
Published: January 2020

The article focuses on the correspondences between Cyprian Norwid’s ideas as refl
ected in his writing and August Cieszkowski’s philosophical world-view. Norwid’s numerous
works, written between 1848 and 1883, including Psalms-Psalm, Zwolon, Promethidion,
Civilisation, Assunta, Stigma and Silence, can be seen as attempts at reinterpreting
Cieszkowski’s historiosophy. In particular, Norwid seeks to provide an adequate account
of Cieszkowski’s theories of philosophical millenarism and historiosophical holism. Ultimately,
in Silence, Norwid develops his own revised historiosophy (which connects him to
Tadeusz Miciński and Stanisław Zdziechowski, twentieth-century representatives of moral
and metaphysical historiosophy). Stigma, written around 1881, can be read as the poet’s
parabolic defence of nineteenth-century philosophy, despite its anachronic aspects.
Methodological contexts of comparative research in reference to Chinese philosophy
Authors: Filipczuk Magdalena
Published: January 2020

The claim that modern philosophy – to be taken seriously – should be multicultural, may appear somewhat controversial. Nevertheless, it seems rather obvious that a lot of classic domains of Anglo-European philosophy need to be rethought in the context of a newly shaped contemporary philosophical canon. Some of the vital questions of modern philosophy cannot be answered without referring to the paradigms of intercultural philosophy. One of the most promising disciplines on a global scale is comparative philosophy. But if one wants to extend philosophical curriculum, one has to create a kind of new language to introduce new ideas in a mind-opening way. This paper discusses the comparisons made by scholars who became literally and metaphorically translators/transmitters of Chinese cultural works for the Western readers: David Hall, Roger Ames or François Jullien. The problems addressed in the article include the problematic status of a researcher undertaking comparative studies in philosophy and the very defi nition comparative philosophy.
Comparison as a Method in Translation Criticism
Authors: Kraskowska Ewa
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to Translation Criticism as one of the fi elds of Translation Studies. On the basis of the theoretical work of E. Balcerzan, J. S. Holmes and K. Reiss, the article defi nes the ideas behind and the aims of translation criticism, and then looks at specifi c methods of analysis. The fi nal part concerns the use of corpus linguistics in translation research and the problem of translation universals.
Beckett before Libera
Authors: Brzeska Ewa
Published: January 2020

The article focuses on Beckett’s presence in Poland in the years from 1952 till 1989. It presents the historical and social background of the author’s fi rst works, as well as the reactions they elicited: essays, stage productions, and their reviews. The earliest commentaries Beckett by Polish critics were published abroad, in the Paris-based Kultura and the London-based Wiadomości. The beginning of Beckett’s reception in Poland dates from 1956, when Jan Błoński mentioned Beckett’s novel, Molloy, in Przekrój. A year later, Julian Rogozińsi published in print the only interview given by the Irish-French author to the Polish press. At the same time, Jerzy Zawieyski saw the Parisian premiere of Endgame, and Adam Tarn began to systematically publish translations of the future Noble prize recipient’s works in Dialog. In 1957 two of Beckett’s most important plays premiered in Poland: Waiting for Godot in Warsaw’s Teatr Współczesny and Endgame in Krakow’s Teatr 38.
The forgotten poet Samuel Beckett
Authors: Studniarz Sławomir
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the poetic output of Samuel Beckett, particularly from the pre-war period. It primarily offers a close analysis of three poems: The Vulture, Alba and Dortmunder, from the fi rst printed collection of Beckett’s poetry Echo’s Bones. These texts raise the issue of the place of art and poetic creation in the world, fi lled as it is with suffering inherent to the human condition. The valorization of nighttime and music and the pain-relieving aesthetic contemplation form the major premises of Alba and Dortmunder. And The Vulture, an artistic credo of the young Beckett, defi nes the relations between macrocosm, the objective world, and microcosm, the rich inner life of the subject, vis-à-vis the tasks of poetry. Noting the striking neglect of Beckett’s poetry by the critics, the article undertakes to show that his poetic production merits attention both of scholars and of his devoted admirers.
A Negative History of Literature: The Case of Schulz (and Riff)
Authors: Orzeszek Jakub
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the concept of a negative history of literature, understood as an academic-
literary discourse focused on non-existing books: deliberately destroyed, forgotten, unfi nished
or barely developed. References to several critics and writers (Pierre Bayard, Samuel Beckett, Jorge
Luis Borges, Stanisław Lem) enable the identifi cation of two contiguous fi gures: the negative reader
who is defi ned by his or her melancholic tendency to see literature as a realm of loss and the negative
literary historian who attempts to reconstruct lost books as artifacts (material remains, archival
objects) and linguistic entities (contextual analysis). Bruno Schulz, whose reception is marked with
the dialectics of loss and revelation, is discussed as a „patron” of the negative history of literature.
Additionally, the article looks at the case of his friend Władysław Riff, a novelist who died of tuberculosis
at the age of 26 and who exists today only in Schulz’s biographical legend.
From The Adoption Papers to Fiere: Jackie Kay's Writing and Scottish Multiculturalism
Authors: Szuba Monika
Published: January 2020

The essay discusses Jackie Kay’s writing in the context of her complex Scottish-Nigerian identity. Despite the marginalisation in terms of race, ethnic origin, sexuality which she describes in her texts, she has not only become a mainstream author but was also appointed as the Makar, the National Poet for Scotland in 2016. Thus the essay seeks to situate Kay in contemporary Scottish culture, which has moved to a high appreciation of voices coming from the margins. It focuses on the role that Kay has played in reinventing Scotland, a nation rapidly losing its recent homogeneity, where the peripheral has moved towards the centre. Furthermore, it examines the representations of ethnicity in Kay’s works and to explore the powerful theme of identity and difference in Scottish society refl ected in her work, demonstrating how the cultural identity represented in her writing involves being both inside and outside Scotland.
Samuel Beckett and his Immigrants
Authors: Wachacz Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

The long tradition of canonical interpretations of Samuel Beckett’s plays puts in front two exceptional productions of Waiting for Godot, individual in their character. Both of them seem to realize the directors’ ideas about French culture and highlight its specifi c aspects. They are anchored in the history of France and respond to a recent interest in studying Beckett’s Irishness and its infl uence on his writing as well as are indebted to literary-historical, manuscript or archive-based studies. At the same time, they also exemplify how directors modify texts in order to present their interpretations of history.
Afro-German Histories at the Time of the Second World War. The
Transnational Memooirs by Ruth Kluger and Hans-Jurgen Massaquoi
Authors: Więckiewicz Agnieszka
Published: January 2020

The point of departure in the present article is a discussion of the concept of multidirectional
memory, the category proposed by Michael Rothberg in his book ANGIELSKI
TYTUŁ. The article then analyzes the memoirs by Jewish-Austrian Ruth Klüger and
Afro-German Hans-Jürgen Massaquoia, as examples of transnational narratives. It thus highlights the problem of the war experience of black Germans, concomitantly tracing
the process of identity formation resulting from an ethnic person’s dialogue with the representatives
of other marginalized and oppressed groups within the Nazi system
Literature for God’s sake! Translation, poetry and novels. On artistic motivation for the evolution of Marian Pankowski’s writing in view of his correspondence with Jerzy Giedryć
Authors: Burnatowski Jan
Published: January 2020

Bilingualism as the strength which converts individual literary programs is exampled by Marian Pankowski’s literary work from the 1950s and his correspondence with Jerzy Giedroyc. The article discusses three research questions: 1. the sources of artistic transition of Marian Pankowski works; 2. the reasons of suspending cooperation with the monthly “Kultura”; 3. the circumstances surrounding the formation of the Polish contemporary literature canon. Bilingualism which resulted from decision to remain in Belgium after the Second World War allowed not only for the participation in the artistic and intellectual life of the country but also for cooperation with “Kultura” of Jerzy Giedroyc. The contact with the Belgium culture, which signifi cantly differed form Polish, fostered Pankowski’s translations from Polish to French and French to Polish. Belgian avanguard artist, Michel de Ghederode, whom Pankowski met in 1955 (when preparing translation of drama “Hop Signior”) had a formative infl uence on the author of “Matuga”. Due to this process of changing the artistic assumptions was triggered. That kind of literary invention, the inner move of Marian Pankowski writing, which was heavily infl uenced by the Belgian elements, was opposite to Polish tradition and it resulted in the marginalization of Pankowski’s status in the Polish culture. The conclusion concerning artistic reasons for suspending cooperation with “Kultura”, based on studies on letters between Pankowski and Giedroyc, challenges the predominant political interpretation.
A narratological approach to literary journalism: how an interplay between voice and point of view may create empathy with the Other
Authors: Aare Cecilia
Published: January 2020

The aim of this article is to present a model for analyzing the interplay between voice and point of view in literary journalism/reportage. The model can be used to nuance previous researchers’ discussions about „subjective” and „objective” journalism. It also problematizes the reporter’s special role as an eyewitness by highlighting how narrative techniques can create empathy with the Other and move the reader’s gaze away from the reporter, away from the one who is witnessing. Using tools from classical narratology, I focus on the form of the texts. The tools help me investigate the narrator’s as well as the characters’ subjectivity and interpret the narrative’s construction as an expression of a journalistic mission. I systematize variables such as the narrator’s visibility, the relation between an experiencing reporter and a narrating reporter, the interplay between the experiencing reporter and other characters in the text, and in what way a level with a director (an implied author) can facilitate a comparison between various kinds of literary journalism. I also examine whether it might be time to abandon the theory that a fi rst-person reportage is more subjective in general than a third-person reportage. I explore whether it is instead the narrator’s visibility that determines the position of the text on a scale between „subjective” and „objective” forms.
Reportage Between Coherence and Fragmentation: Manifestations
on the Surface of the Text
Authors: Buława Marta
Published: January 2020

The article addresses the problem of how the fragmentation of the reporter’s material influences
the final form of reportage. This aspect is crucial for elucidating the textual strategies which are
employed in reportages but do not appear in fictional writing.
Project: Book. On the Aggregation of Reportage
Authors: Frukacz Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of the convergence process on contemporary
Polish reportages published in book form. In the article, the metaphor of aggregation is used to describe the ways in which this literary genre changes in a converged media environment. In a general
sense, the concept of aggregation refers to the process of collecting and merging different elements
into a complementary whole. As regards the reportage, however, this mechanism lies in formal
and generic transformation of reportage books on the one hand, and in the tendency to transform
these books into commercial transmedia projects on the other. The analysis of both of these issues
aims at defining future directions in which Polish reportage may develop in the book market where
conservative reading strategies cease to be sufficient.
The Metaphysical Lyric in the Light of Transgeneric Narratology
Authors: Gładkowska Dorota
Published: January 2020

This article analyses two sixteenth-century lyrics (referred to as metaphysical) from the collection of John Donne’s Songs and Sonnets – “The triple Foole” and “The Apparition” – by means of methods proposed by transgeneric narratology. The author highlights those aspects of Donne’s poems which reveal the features of the narrative text as well as those of the dramatic text, thus pointing to their multigeneric and multifaceted character. The method adopted results in the recognition of chains of happenings triggered by the text in specific manners as well as levels of text-internal communication and distinct perspectives, with the role of the reader in the management of these carefully observed.
Charles Marlow: Narration in Translation
Authors: Kujawska-Lis Ewa
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine selected issues concerning the differences in the reception of specific narratorial features as regards the original literary text and its translation. The analysis focuses on a unique narrator created by Joseph Conrad – a story teller and yarn spinner Charles Marlow. Marlow as a first-person narrator, who recounts his experiences to his intradiegetic addressees, employs characteristic techniques to communicate with his listeners, to make them involved in his stories, and to re-live his experiences. If ignored or overlooked by a translator, narrative techniques and linguistic features typical of him disappear, thus changing the reception of him as a narrator. This shift in reception and the very image of Marlow is exemplified by ignoring such features as Marlow’s phatic communication with his intradiegetic addressees (the use of such expressions as “you see”, “you understand”), interpretive markers that indicate Marlow’s imperfect knowledge or hesitation (expressions such as “I think”, “I believe”), linguistic patterning (repetitions) and cases of delayed decoding.
Emplacing Narrative: Affect and Performativity in Architectural Narratives
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

The article focuses on the relations between narrative and landscape architecture and identiﬁ es the characteristics of architecture and landscape architecture which make them distinct narrative media. The article offers analyses of the narrative aspects of two monuments (one built and one at the stage of the design): the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington DC and a project entitled „A Forest”, which won the competition for a monument design to commemorate Poles who rescued Jews during the German occupation. Both monuments present challenges to narrative theory through such characteristics as performativity, processuality, interactivity and affective potential. However, such challenges should be seen as a possibility for extending the realm of narratology in new directions.
Dead Serious? On the Presence (and the Absence) of Comic Elements in Cyprian Norwid’s Works
Authors: Skalińska Ewangelina
Published: January 2020

Critical studies of Cyprian Norwid’s writing, just like the scholarship on the literature of Polish Romanticism, focus mostly on the religious, philosophical, ironic and aesthetic aspects of his works. The question of humour in Norwid’s literary output still has not been extensively examined. The paper analyzes Norwid’s comical works. In his early masterpieces, published between 1842 and 1852, comic elements were almost absent, but after his trip to the United States an important change can be noticed in his way of writing, and humour becomes a key elelement of his literary writing and visual art. It can be argued that his diffi cult American experiences (alienation, struggle with the new language, desperate attempts to fi nd work) changed Norwid’s perception of himself as an artist and taught him to look at his art from a distance.
Type in pictures. Comic book lettering in contemporary American

comics. An overview
Authors: Wolski Michał
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on the issue of comic book lettering in mainstream American comics with
an aim to introduce theoretical and methodological framework for further analysis of comic
book typography. First, it addresses numerous aspects of relations between text and image in
comics and presents the brief history of lettering in American comic book industry, as it grew
apart from its European counterpart in the early years of development and became much more
institutionalized, in no part because of the works of Will Eisner, Gaspar Saladino and
especially Richard Starkins, who introduced an affordable means of using the digital
typography in early 90s' comic books. In its main part the paper presents the classification of
usage of lettering in comics' communicates, which distinguishes the diegetic (graphic, verbal
and mental) and non-diegetic (meta- or paratextual and narrative) communicates. This
analysis was based on the research sample of over 700 comic book issues, mostly from the
Ultimate Marvel imprint (2000–2015) In the final paragraphs, the author critically examines
functions of comic book typography and outlines three possible fields of further study.
POTENTIAL OF THE MOVIE COMICS
IN THE SPACE OF EDUCATION
Authors: Gliniecka Marta , Maksymowicz Lucyna
Published: January 2020

In the presented article, the authors introduce the meaning of comics as a cultural,
educational and social medium. The aim of the conducted research was to check how
students of pedagogy perceive the movies in the aspect of its educational values.
Particular attention has been paid to the interpretive skills of the protagonists 'and anti-
heroes' behavior patterns.
Occurrence of Legionella spp. in Polish hotels between 2009-2013 and 2014-2016: a comparative study
Authors: Gładysz Iwona , Sikora Agniszka , Wójtowicz-Bobin Małgorzata , Karczewska Zofia M. , Karczewski Jan
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Designing Interactive and Immersive Multimodal Installations for People with Disability
Authors: Arfaoui Afnen , Edwards Geoffrey , Morales Ernesto , Fougeyrollas Patrick
Published: January 2020

We developed an end-to-end co-creative methodology for designing interactive and immersive multisensory virtual reality experiences with a particular focus on people with disability. Our method draws on what is called “design thinking” to provide a backbone to our approach. This embraces three stages, an empathic first stage, followed by an ideation phase, during which the thematic context is elaborated, and then an iterative exploration phase during which the initial concept is refined and the implementation is achieved. Furthermore, the “cognitive design” methodology developed by one of us led us to an approach incorporating all sensory modalities, not just the audio and visual modalities (that is, it includes odor, tactile, taste and proprioceptive stimuli), in order to deliver an experience that fully enhances the user’s sense of embodiment, and also led us to place the user’s experience at the heart of the installation. Users participate in the design process through co-design protocols. We showcase the application of this methodology in a detailed way for the construction of an interactive and immersive VR installation for people with disabilities.
The Challenge of Augustine’s Epistula 151
Authors: Clapp Doug ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

Epistula 151 shows Augustine trying to exert pressure on a high-ranking imperial official from his position outside of the senatorial elite. The aristocrat Caecilianus had written a letter, now lost, chastising Augustine for his lack of correspondence. Augustine’s reply begins and ends according to typical epistolary conventions. The heart of the letter, however, narrates Augustine’s harrowing experience of the arrest and execution of the brothers Marcellinus and Apringius by the imperial commander Marinus. The profound spiritual contrast between villain and victims has the potential to damage Caecilianus’s reputation, forcing him into a corner. He can only agree with Augustine and act accordingly.
The Characteristics of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Jung Woo jin , Kim Sung Won , Hwang Yoon Ha
Published: January 2020

Objectives Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (4S), a blistering dermatosis caused by exfoliative toxins from Staphylococcus aureus, occurs frequently in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, association between 4S and AD has not rarely been reported. We investigated the characteristics of 4S according to AD status. Methods The study included 146 children with 4S who visited Busan St. Mary's Hospital from 2007–2018. Clinical features were analyzed from medical records and pictures, and 4S was classified as localized or generalized. We also retrospectively investigated the preceding conditions and test results related to AD. Results Among 146 patients with 4S, median age was 2.0 years, and 35 (24.0%) had AD. Since 2007, the incidence of both 4S and AD have increased, without obvious seasonal patterns. Generalized and localized disease occurred in 90 and 56 patients, respectively. Twenty-four of 35 patients with AD (68.6%) and 32 of 111 (28.8%) without AD had localized disease. Significant differences were observed between the groups (P = 0.000). Among those with AD, the most common preceding condition was skin infection or unknown (45.2%); however, respiratory disease was the most common (47.9%) among patients without AD. Eosinophil levels were higher in the AD group (P = 0.002), and there were no statistically significant differences in total immunoglobulin E (IgE), Dermatophagoides farinae (Df IgE), egg-white IgE, and culture results between the groups. Conclusions Localized 4S frequently occurred without preceding conditions in children with AD and usually arose from skin infection compared to generalized 4S.
Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease as a Cause of Allograft Kidney Dysfunction and Refractory Hypertension
Authors: OHE HaengJin
Published: January 2020

Aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD), especially proximal to the transplant artery, in kidney transplant patient activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by limiting graft renal perfusion and causes symptoms that can occur with transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) such as refractory hypertension, water retention, and graft renal dysfunction. Immediate clinical suspicion is difficult due to the nature of the progressive disease unlike TRAS. Herein, we present an interesting case of bilateral common iliac artery occlusion (AIOD, TASC II, type C) that manifested as uncontrolled blood pressure and decreased allograft function in a patient who had kidney transplant 17 years ago. The patient was successfully diagnosed with duplex scan, ankle-brachial index (ABI) and computed tomography angiography and treated with percutaneous luminal angioplasty and stent graft insertion.
Cribriform Pattern at the Surgical Margin is Highly Predictive of Biochemical Recurrence in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Kim Kyung Hwan , Ku Ja Yoon , Lee Chan Ho , Park Won Young , Ha Hong Koo
Published: January 2020

Objectives We investigated the relationship between cribriform patterns and biochemical recurrence in patients with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy. Methods This study was based on radical prostatectomy specimens obtained from 817 patients (165 with margin-positive status) collected at a single center between 2010 and 2016. We retrospectively analyzed and compared body mass index, preoperative prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, operative methods, postoperative Gleason score, pathological T-stage, tumor percentage involvement, lymphatic and perineural invasion, prostate-specific antigen nadir, location and length of the positive margin, cribriform pattern status, and Gleason grade at the surgical margin in terms of their association with biochemical recurrence. Risk factors for biochemical recurrence were also investigated. Results 21% (31/146) of surgical margin-positive patients had a cribriform pattern. Nadir prostate-specific antigen, perineural invasion and biochemical recurrence rates were significantly higher in cribriform pattern present group than absent group (P = 0.031, 0.043 and 0.045, respectively). According to the Cox regression model, postoperative Gleason score, tumor percentage involvement, location and length of the positive margin, and the presence of a cribriform pattern at the surgical margin were significant predictive factors of biochemical recurrence (P = 0.022, < 0.001, 0.015, 0.001, and 0.022, respectively). Moreover, the biochemical recurrence risk was approximately 3-fold higher in patients with a cribriform pattern at the surgical margin than in those without (HR: 3.41, 95% CI 1.20-9.70, P = 0.022). Conclusions A cribriform pattern at the surgical margin is a significant predictor of biochemical recurrence in patients who undergo radical prostatectomy.
The Effect of Grafting on Calcium Influx in Tomato Fruits under Salt Stress Conditions
Authors: Koleška Ivana , Hasanagić Dino , Oljača Rodoljub , Todorović Vida , Bosančić Borut , Murtić Senad
Published: January 2020

Two commercial tomato cultivars were used to determine whether grafting could prevent decrease of Ca2+ concentration under salt stress conditions. The cultivars Buran F1 and Berberana F1 were grafted onto rootstock "Maxifort" and grown under three levels of the elevated soil salinity (S1 EC 3.80 dS m-1, S2 6.95 dS m-1 and S3 9.12 dS m-1). Ca2+ concentration of non-grafted plants of both examined hybrids was lower at all salinity levels in comparison to the control. In the fruits of grafted plants salt stress significantly decreased Ca2+ concentration only at the third salinity level (EC 9.12 dS m-1). The possibility of grafting tomato plants to improve influx of Ca2+ under salt stress conditions is discussed.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Onion Bulbs (Allium cepa L. var. cepa)
Authors: Sinkovič Lovro , Škof Mojca , Ugrinović Kristina
Published: January 2020

Onion is one of the most important vegetable bulb crops in the world. A field experiment was carried out at the experimental fields of the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia in 2017 with the aim to examine the effect of three nitrogen (N) fertilization rates on the physico-chemical characteristics of bulbs of five onion varieties. Three autochthonous and two hybrid onion varieties were evaluated. During the growth 0, 162 and 324 kg Nha-1 were applied. The number of fleshy scale leaves, bulb weight, height, diameter and firmness were determined on onion bulbs. In addition, the total soluble solids and total sugars were analysed. Both factors, i.e. variety and N fertilization rate, significantly affected the number of fleshy scale leaves, while N fertilisation rate also affected bulb firmness and the variety influenced the content of total soluble solids and bulb height. Hybrid varieties had lower total soluble solids compared to autochthonous varieties.
Changes of Selected Egg Quality Traits Depending on the Laying Period of Semi-Intensively Raised Guinea Fowl Hens
Authors: Vekić Marinko , Savić Đorđe , Cvijanović Danijel
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate selected egg quality traits depending on the laying period of pearl grey guinea fowl hens reared in semi-intensive system. In each of three evaluation terms (the second, fourth and sixth month of laying period) 40 eggs were collected, with the total of 120 eggs were used for quality evaluation. Methods of descriptive analysis and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Overall values of three evaluation terms for egg weight, shell thickness, yolk to albumen ratio, Haugh units and yolk colour were 40.63 ± 0.27 g, 0.50 ± 0.01 mm, 0.58 ± 0.01, 75.37 ± 0.41 and 12.74 ± 0.11, respectively, whereas overall values of shell, albumen and yolk proportion were 15.32 ± 0.15, 53.75 ± 0.16 and 30.94 ± 0.17%, respectively. Significant differences were found for values of egg quality traits depending on the laying period, but the average value was generally comparable with literature data reported for similar rearing conditions for this Guinea fowl variety.
In or Out: Examining the Drivers of School Dropout among Basic School Pupils in the Wa Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Perprem Andrews , Yiridomoh Gordon Yenglier
Published: January 2020

The study examined school dropout among pupils in the Wa Municipality, Ghana. The study adopted a cross-sectional study design to ascertain the pattern and the factors accounting for school dropout among pupils at the basic level. The study population consisted of all pupils in the basic schools within the municipality. Using a quantitative approach, 121 pupils were selected for the study using multi process sampling procedure. Questionnaires were used to generate the information from the pupils. Descriptive statistics (simple percentages and frequency tables) and logistics regression  model was employed to determine the factors accounting for school dropout using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) as the data analytical tool. The study discovered that the factors responsible for pupils’ school dropout were multi-facets to include environmental and non-environmental schools factors. The study also revealed that school dropout was very prevalent among girls, over aged pupils, pupils with single parent and pupils whose parents or caregivers are farmers or traders. The study recommends a comprehensive and integrated educational policy including parliamentary enactments for the education sector so as to improve and sustain enrolment and retention.
Side Differences in the Skull of Sheep: An Assessment by Geometric Morphometrics
Authors: Parés-Casanova P. M. , Tolić A. , Carnicero R.
Published: January 2020

Effects of perturbations during development can be due to environmental and/or genetic factors, resulting in increased developmental instability which in turn can be expressed as fluctuating asymmetry (FA), defined as the non-directional deviation (right-left differences) from bilateral symmetry. However, other asymmetry types can appear, such as and directional asymmetry (DA), characterized by a distribution skewed to one side (right or left) at the, which is originated as a response to external stimuli that affect differentially on both sides of the organism. In order to describe asymmetric patterns in the ovine skull, we studied 165 specimens from animals belonging to the sheep breed “Navarra” from North Spain, using geometric morphometric methods. On digital pictures, we analyzed two midline and 8 bilateral two-dimensional landmarks on skull dorsal aspect. Results showed that FA accounted for a reduced amount of total variation, while DA explained most of it. We suggest that the presence of side differences due to lateralized muscular function (mastication) is the most important factor in skull asymmetry. Obtained results should provide a basis for relating asymmetries to the mechanics of cranial skeletum in sheep.