bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Determinant Factors of Perceptions Influencing the Choice to Adopt or Not GAP by Vegetable Growers in Peri Urban Zone of Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
Authors: Gomgnimbou Alain P. K.  , Zoumbé Koura , Hamadé Sigue , Adama Soulama , Ouedraogo Osée W.
Published: October 2023

In Burkina Faso, vegetable production struggles to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. This situation is largely explained by the low productivity of agricultural farms, which is due, among other things, to low rates of diffusion and adoption of innovations proposed by agricultural research. To identify the determinant factors of perceptions that influence the choice to adopt or not Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) by vegetable growers, a socio-economic and socio-demographic survey was conducted among 85 trained vegetable growers operating in the COMABO and Kotédougou sites in the municipality of Bobo Dioulasso. The study reveals that the use of GAP improves monetary income by 32.61% for cabbage and 71.17% for tomatoes. However, only 43% of vegetable growers perceive income improvement as the main result of adopting GAP. The econometric analysis of the survey data using a logistic model identified the factors that determine the probability of adopting the GAP technical package at 74.1%. Thus, in vegetable farming, gender, age group, ethnicity, and household head responsibility are determinants that have contributed to a significant increase or decrease in the probability of adopting GAP proposed by agronomic researchers. Indeed, the more a vegetable grower is male (significant at 5%) and older (young or adult) (significant at 10%), the more he tends to perceive income improvement as a favourable factor for adopting GAP. The diffusion and adoption of GAP could increase yields in vegetable production.
Effects of the Aqueous Extract of the Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on Sexual Parameters in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Peneme B. M. L.  , Akassa H.  , Ondélé R.  , Backala Lanzah A.  , Etou Ossibi A. W.  , Abena A. A.
Published: October 2023

The rhizome of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) is widely consumed as a juice and spice in the Congo, and is also used in the treatment of various pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ginger on the reproductive function of the rat. Four batches of four female rats each received the aqueous rhizome extract of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, 17β-estradiol at a dose of 1 mg/kg and distilled water, orally for 14 days. Acute toxicity was previously assessed in mice. The results of the acute toxicity study at a dose of 5000 mg/kg of each extract showed no signs of toxicity in mice. Pharmacological tests with rats showed that aqueous ginger extract non-significantly increased and decreased rat body weight at 300 and 600 mg/kg respectively. The 600 mg/Kg dose blocked the sexual cycle at the estrus stage and lowered plasma estradiol levels. Whereas the 300 mg/kg dose increases plasma estradiol levels with a more or less regular sexual cycle. Chemical screening of this extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones and steroids.
Proximate Composition and Caloric Content of Halwa Produced in the Urban West Region, Zanzibar
Authors: Ali Ali Hamad , Wenaty Alex , Kilima Beatrice M.
Published: October 2023

Information on food composition is important not only for the power of the market, but also for the health and safety of consumers. Halwa consumption in Zanzibar, especially in the urban west region, has increased with limited nutrition information and a lack of regulatory supervision. This study aimed to determine the proximate composition, total sugar content (sucrose) and caloric content of groundnut-enriched halwa produced in the urban west region of Zanzibar. A total of 13 samples were collected for laboratory analysis. Moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, acid insoluble ash, acidity of extracted fat and total sugar were determined by AOAC methods 925.49, 900.2, 920.176, 920.177, 960.39, IS 6287 and ZNS 574:2023, respectively. The halwa samples had a total sugar content ranging from 26.06% to 51.54%, moisture content from 13.61% to 26.15%, ash content from 0.03% to 0.48%, acid insoluble ash from 0.01% to 0.252%, crude protein from 0.06% to 3.61%, crude fat from 1.79% to 4.77%, acidity of extracted fat as oleic acid from 2.43% to 4.72% and crude fibre ranged 8.12% to 15.21%. The carbohydrate and energy contents of the halwa were in the range of 61.44% to 70.94% and 267.14 kcal to 324.16 kcal, respectively. All the 13 samples did not conform to the requirements of Zanzibar Standard for halwa (ZNS 574:2023) concerning moisture and fat content, while seven (samples complied with ZNS 574:2023 concerning the acidity of extracted fat as oleic acid. Only one sample did not conform to ZNS: 574: 2023 in terms of the acid-insoluble ash parameters. All samples were in accordance with the requirements of ZNS 574:2023 concerning sugar content.
Constraints Perceived by Farmers in Fish Farming: A Review Analysis
Authors: Shubham  , Chahal P. K. , Ghanghas B. S. , Rohila A. K. , Mukteshawar R. , Arulmanikandan B.  , Kumar Rohtash
Published: October 2023

The adoption of scientific fish farming faces multiple constraints encompassing economic, infrastructural, technological, marketing, societal, and extension-related challenges. Economically, the substantial upfront investment required for infrastructure and operational costs deters potential fish farmers, especially small-scale operators. Inadequate access to financing further exacerbates this issue. Insufficient infrastructure, including poor transportation networks and processing facilities, hampers the efficient distribution and marketing of fish products. Limited access to scientific farming technology and disease management techniques hinders the adoption of advanced practices, while price fluctuations and a lack of organised markets pose marketing-related challenges. Cultural norms and societal dynamics can influence fish farming practices, sometimes hindering the adoption of sustainable farming. To overcome these constraints, collaborative efforts among the government departments, institutes, banks, NGOs etc. are essential. Strategies include providing financial support mechanisms, infrastructure development, dissemination of latest technical known how and training, establishing market chain, and respecting local social norms. Addressing these issues collectively could unlock the full potential of fish farming, promoting food security, livelihood enhancement and sustainable development.
Effect of Foliar Application of Potassium Silicate on Growth Attributes of Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels.) cv. Goma Priyanka
Authors: Meena Monika Kumari , Bhatnagar P. , Bharadwaj Moomal , Shukla Usha , Sharma Yogendra Kumar
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was carried out on the Instructional Farm, which finds its location intricately linked to the Department of Fruit Science at the esteemed College of Horticulture and Forestry in Jhalarapatan, a prominent site within the Jhalawar region. during (2021-22 and 2022-23) with the object of assessing the response of foliar humic acid on growth attributes of Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) cv. Goma Priyanka. Four doses of Potassium silicate (KS) 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm were tried in 4 treatments in a factorial randomized block design. The foliar response of Potassium silicate KS3 (3000 ppm) treatment registered relatively better plant growth parameters viz. rootstock girth, scion girth, plant height, canopy volume, canopy spread E-W, N-S, of Jamun cv. Goma Priyanka plants.
Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Primary School Pupils in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria
Authors: Dahal Abednego Samuel , Jabba Ruth Joshua , Ezekiel Tamar , Salu Godiya , Nanbol Moses Chirdan , Longwap Abdulazis Saleh , Jatau Ezra Danjuma
Published: October 2023

Background: Urinary schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium. It is a neglected tropical disease with Africa responsible for an estimated 90% of all cases requiring treatment. Nigeria is known to be endemic for urinary schistosomiasis with more than 100 million people at risk and about a 25million already infected.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school pupils in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria.

Study Design: A cross-sectional school-based study of 264 primary school pupils in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria between September 2021 and February 2022.

Methodology: About 50ml of terminal urine samples were collected from each pupil in a sterile, wide-mouth universal container after obtaining consent from their parents and filling out a structured questionnaire. Urinalysis was done on-site using Swe-Care Uric 9V Urinalysis Reagent Strip. The ova of Schistosoma haematobium were identified using microscopy. DNA extraction was done on the positive sample and stored for subsequent sequencing. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.

Results: The eggs of Schistosoma haematobium were observed in 43(16.3%) of 264 urine samples examined. School B had the highest prevalence of 30.8% followed by School A, while School C with the highest number of recruited pupils was responsible for the lowest prevalence rate at 5(7.1%). Males were more infected than females with the age group 11-13 years old accounting for the highest prevalence rate of 15(25.9%). Haematuria and dysuria were found to have a positive correlation with urinary schistosomiasis among the participants.

Conclusion: The findings of this research revealed that urinary schistosomiasis is still a major concern among primary school pupils in Jos, Northcentral Nigeria. Preventive chemotherapy using praziquantel should be combined with health education and communication strategies to treat and change risky behaviours among infected pupils such as swimming in snail-infested freshwater.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sharma Bhanu Pratap , Choudhary Kartikeya , Kumar Rajendra , Bochalya Ranjeet Singh
Published: October 2023

The present investigation titled “Effect of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize” was conducted during kharif season of 2022 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The field experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 10 treatments and 3 replications  which are (T1) Control, (T2) 100% RDF, (T3) 120% RDF, (T4) 50% RDF + FYM (10 t), (T5) 75% RDF + FYM (5 t), (T6) 100% RDF + FYM (5 t) + Mulch, (T7) 50% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1), (T8) 75% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1), (T9) 100% RDF + Vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1) + Mulch) and (T10) 75% RDF + FYM (5 t) + Vermicompost  (2.5 t ha-1) + Mulch. Mustard stover @ 2 t ha-1 was used as mulching. RDF used is (100:40:40 kg ha-1) was applied through urea (46% N), SSP (16% P2O5) and MOP (60% K2O). One third N and full dose of P and K was applied at the time of sowing as basal application. Remaining nitrogen was applied in 2 equal splits at 30 and 50 DAS as top dressing. PSC-3322 variety of maize was used for sowing. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. This study concluded that application of 120% RDF recorded significantly higher plant height, yield and was economically better than other treatments.
Determination of Zinc Concentration and Nutritional Value of Cow Hide (Ponmo) Sold in Different Parts of the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunlade-Anibasa, G. O.  , Ogwuiche, P. O.
Published: October 2023

Investigation of heavy metals (Zinc) concentration and nutritional value of cow hides (ponmo) consumed in AMAC (Abuja Municipal and Kuje Area Councils was carried out between November 2021 and January 2022. Samples were randomly collected from both Area Councils and prepared for Analysis using Nitric acid digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The mean concentration of Zinc (Zn) in AMAC were 0.88 ± 0.35mg/kg and 2.04 ± 0.57mg/kg in Kuje Area Council respectively.  Results showed that the concentration of Zinc (Zn) in cow hide (Ponmo) from AMAC was two times as high as cow hide (Ponmo) from Kuje Area Council. The mean concentration of Zinc (Zn) in cow hide in both Area Councils were two times as high as the Food and Agricultural Organization Standard unit for  Zinc(Zn),  which is 0.03mg/kg -1.0mg/kg. However, potential accumulation may depend on the frequency of consumption or exposure. In contrast to many studies the samples had alot of nutritional value. Proximate analysis showed that the ponmo samples for Kuje had 54% proteinand 34.68% carbohydrate, moisture 5.3%, crude lipid 2.3%, ash 2.7%, fibre 0.82% while ponmo samples for AMAC had 51.4% protein, 36% carbohydrate, 5% moisture, crude lipid 4.3%, ash 2.1% and fibre 1.1% which suggests that Ponmo has some level of nutrient especially rich in protein and carbohydrate and low in fibre content. Cowhides from AMAC and Kuje Area Councils contain significant amount of zinc, which exceeded the standard limit and could pose a potential health risk to consumers depending on the frequency of consumption.  Hence the need for monitoring of this metal concentration to avoid excessive bioaccumulation that could be harmful to health. This study also showed that cowhides is rich in some nutrients especially protein and carbohydrates and can be a substitute for meat protein.
Effects of a Cyclone Dimensions on Quality of Syngas Produced with a Wood-fired Biomass Gasifier
Authors: Fidele Nzihou Jean , Salou Hamidou , Gerard Segda Bila , Frederic Ouattara , Hamidou Compaore
Published: October 2023

Charcoal gasification was widely used during the second World War to deal with petroleum scarcity. When petroleum was again available after the war, gasification was neglected afterwards. However, fossils resources are know as non-renewable and there are several reseach carried out all over the world to develop renewable sources of energy. Under that scope gasifiers are of great interest in the developing countries for developing individual or decentralised sources of energy. Even in developed countries, several research and implementation of gasification units are in progress.

In a previous work, we designed and fabricated a downdraft biomass gasifier with a relatively big cyclone and filtration units. Produced syngas was full of moisture and carbon dioxyde (CO2) when the gasifier was feed with wood, but moisture content was lesser with charcoal. Therefore further work should be carried out in order to use low density wood itself from agricultural, furniture makers or sawmill wastes.

We compared different cyclone separator design methods, adopted the Lapple’s cutt of model and found that to obtain good removal efficiency of unwanted particles, it is better to work with small cyclones. The new cyclone that we built allowed us on the one hand to reduce the humidity of the synthesis gas obtained, and on the other hand to reduce the quantity of tars in the liquid collected at the bottom of the cyclone. These improvements have led to the production of cleaner and better fuel syngas.
An in Vivo Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Potential of Triphala in CCl4 Induced Hepatic Injured Rodent Model
Authors: Nadvi Faisal Ahmed , Nisu Rifat Ara , Suma Sabnam Roy , Bose Ankita , Tahsin Md. Rafat , Amran Md. Shah
Published: October 2023

Liver injury, also known as hepatotoxicity, is a serious health concern since it can irreversibly harm this significant organ's function, leading to life-threatening liver cirrhosis or liver failure. Natural medicinal plants have long been known to play essential roles in up-to-date medication discovery and they are considered as enormous sources of treatment now. Regarding the critical situation of hepatotoxic patients around the globe, among numerous plants with numerous potentials, “Triphala” is a popular and highly effective, strong Ayurvedic and Indian traditional medication with exclusive hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. Triphala is a Sanskrit word that means three fruits and so, as the name, it is a mixture of an equal amount of the dried fruits of three plants: Emblica officinalis (Amalaki), Terminalia chebula (Haritaki) and Terminalia bellerica (Bibhitaki). In this experiment, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce hepatotoxicity and then the hepatoprotective activity of Triphala was assessed through determining the results of different parameters. Afterward observing the results, it was found that the plant can effectively reverse the disturbed pathological state toward healthy status to a different extent in a dependent manner. Here both medium dose and high dose can significantly reverse (p<0.05) the disturbed pathological state towards a healthy pathological state. Moreover, any safety concern or possibility of side effects was not aroused throughout the investigation. Therefore, Triphala is considered to have a major aptitude towards hepatic protection and can be counted as an alternative to the marketed synthetic drug, silymarin, with more safety and quite equal efficacy. To conclude, more vigorous future study is needed so that this promising plant can be incorporated into the hepatotoxic treatment arena.
Aligning US Agency Policies for Cardiovascular Devices Through the Breakthrough Devices Program
Authors: Moneer Osman , Rathi Vinay K. , Johnston James L. , Ross Joseph S. , Dhruva Sanket S.
Published: October 2023

Importance

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) have different statutory authorities; FDA evaluates safety and effectiveness for market authorization of medical devices while CMS determines whether coverage is “reasonable and necessary” for its beneficiaries. CMS has recently enacted policies automatically providing supplemental reimbursement for new, costly devices authorized after designation in FDA’s Breakthrough Devices Program (BDP) and in June 2023 issued notice for a new Transitional Coverage for Emerging Technologies pathway, accelerating coverage for Breakthrough devices.

Observations

Aiming to incentivize innovation, FDA awards Breakthrough designations early in device development to expedite market authorization and can accept greater uncertainty in benefit and risk, contingent on postmarket evidence generation. Since 2020, Breakthrough designation has effectively automatically qualified devices to receive supplemental Medicare reimbursement after CMS waived a long-standing requirement that devices demonstrate “substantial clinical improvement” for beneficiaries. Using publicly available information, 3 examples of cardiovascular devices illustrate that the BDP may allow for FDA authorization based on less rigorous evidence, such as single-arm trials focused on surrogate end points with short-term follow-up whose participants are often not representative of Medicare beneficiaries. In 1 case, Breakthrough designation allowed a 30% decrease in enrollment of a trial used to support approval. Initial positive findings for some devices have remained unverified, and in 1 case even partially nullified, by postmarket studies. Manufacturers have also used Breakthrough designations to set the price of devices to facilitate additional pass-through payments, leading to higher short-term and long-term costs to CMS and health care systems.

Conclusions and Relevance

The BDP may qualify new, costly devices for higher and automatic Medicare reimbursement despite evidence not being representative of CMS beneficiaries and persistent uncertainty of benefit and risk. To ensure the best evidence is generated to inform clinical care, FDA could apply more selectivity to BDP eligibility, specify objective criteria for revoking Breakthrough designation when appropriate, and ensure timely postmarket evidence generation, whereas CMS could independently review clinical evidence, advise manufacturers about standards for coverage review, and make supplemental payments and long-term device reimbursement contingent on clinical outcome benefit and postmarket evidence generation.
Age, Body Mass Index, Tumor Subtype, and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival
Authors: Lipsyc-Sharf Marla , Ballman Karla V. , Campbell Jordan D. , Muss Hyman B. , Perez Edith A. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Carey Lisa A. , Partridge Ann H. , Warner Erica T.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Black women in the United States have higher breast cancer (BC) mortality rates than White women. The combined role of multiple factors, including body mass index (BMI), age, and tumor subtype, remains unclear.

Objective

To assess the association of race and ethnicity with survival among clinical trial participants with early-stage BC (eBC) according to tumor subtype, age, and BMI.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study analyzed survival data, as of November 12, 2021, from participants enrolled between 1997 and 2010 in 4 randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trials: Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9741, 49907, and 40101 as well as North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) N9831, legacy groups of the Alliance of Clinical Trials in Oncology. Median follow-up was 9.8 years.

Exposures

Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic participants were compared with non-Hispanic White participants within subgroups of subtype (hormone receptor positive [HR+]/ERBB2[formerlyHER2] negative [ERBB2−],ERBB2+, and HR−/ERBB2−), age (<50, 50 to <65, and ≥65 years), and BMI (<18.5, 18.5 to <25.0, 25.0 to <30.0, and ≥30.0).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Of 9479 participants, 436 (4.4%) were Hispanic, 871 (8.8%) non-Hispanic Black, and 7889 (79.5%) non-Hispanic White. The median (range) age was 52 (19.0-89.7) years. Among participants with HR+/ERBB2− tumors, non-Hispanic Black individuals had worse RFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.04-2.12; 5-year RFS, 88.5% vs 93.2%) than non-Hispanic White individuals, although the global test for association of race and ethnicity with RFS was not significant within any tumor subtype. There were no OS differences by race and ethnicity in any subtype. Race and ethnicity were associated with OS in young participants (age <50 years; globalP = .008); young non-Hispanic Black participants (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04-1.71; 5-year OS, 86.6% vs 92.0%) and Hispanic participants (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.16-2.29; 5-year OS, 86.2% vs 92.0%) had worse OS than young non-Hispanic White participants. Race and ethnicity were associated with RFS in participants with BMIs of 25 to less than 30, with Hispanic participants having worse RFS (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.23-2.68; 5-year RFS, 83.2% vs 87.3%) than non-Hispanic White participants.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, racial and ethnic survival disparities were identified in patients with eBC receiving standardized initial care, and potentially at-risk subgroups, for whom focused interventions may improve outcomes, were found.
Defining the Standard for Surgical Video Deidentification
Authors: Tollefson Matthew K. , Ross Christopher J.
Published: October 2023

This article reviews the implementation of standards for surgical video deidentification.
“Self‐care selfies”: Patient‐uploaded videos capture meaningful changes in dexterity over 6 months
Authors: Gopal Arpita , Torres Wilson O. , Winawer Ilana , Poole Shane , Balan Ayushi , Stuart Hannah S. , Fritz Nora E. , Gelfand Jeffrey M. , Allen Diane D. , Bove Riley
Published: October 2023

Objective

Upper extremity function reflects disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study evaluated the feasibility, validity, and sensitivity to change of remote dexterity assessments applying human pose estimation to patient‐uploaded videos.

Methods

A discovery cohort of 50 adults with MS recorded “selfie” videos of self‐care tasks at home: buttoning, brushing teeth, and eating. Kinematic data were extracted using MediaPipe Hand pose estimation software. Clinical comparison tests were grip and pinch strength, 9 hole peg test (9HPT), and vibration, and patient‐reported dexterity assessments (ABILHAND). Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated (Health‐ITUES framework). A validation cohort (N = 35) completed 9HPT and videos.

Results

The modality was feasible: 88% of the 50 enrolled participants uploaded ≥3 videos, and 74% completed the study. It was also usable: assessments easy to access (95%), platform easy to use (97%), and tasks representative of daily activities (86%). The buttoning task revealed four metrics with strong correlations with 9HPT (nondominant:r = 0.60–0.69, dominant:r = 0.51–0.57,P < 0.05) and ABILHAND (r = −0.48,P = 0.05). Retest validity at 1 week was stable (r > 0.8). Cross‐sectional correlations between video metrics and 9HPT were similar at 6 months, and in the validation cohort (nondominant:r = 0.46, dominant:r = 0.45,P < 0.05). Over 6 months, pinch strength (5.8–5.0 kg/cm2,P = 0.05) and self‐reported pinch (ABILHAND) decreased marginally. While only 15% of participants worsened by 20% on 9HPT, 70% worsened in key buttoning video metrics.

Interpretation

Patient‐uploaded videos represent a novel, patient‐centered modality for capturing dexterity that appears valid and sensitive to change, enhancing its potential to be disseminated for neurological disease monitoring and treatment.
Giant Energy Harvesting via Maxwell Displacement Current Enhancement Using Metal Sheet Interspaced Hetero‐Layer Structured Piezo‐Composite Nanofiber Device
Authors: Mahanty Biswajit , Ghosh Sujoy Kumar , Prasad Gajula , Shanmugasundaram Arunkumar , Lee Dong‐Weon
Published: October 2023

The limited performance of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) has hindered their practical applications in self‐powered electronics. To address these limitations, this study presents a new design of a PENG that incorporates hetero‐layer structured piezo‐composite nanofibers with interspaced metal sheets. The hetero‐layer structure consists of alternating layers of ferroelectric barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles interfaced with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) composite nanofibers (P(VDF‐TrFE)/BT), and conductive graphite nano‐sheets (GNS)‐embedded P(VDF‐TrFE) composite nanofibers (P(VDF‐TrFE)/GNS) mats. The inclusion of interspaced metal sheets in the device configuration enhances the stress concentration effect, thereby effectively distributing the applied mechanical vibrations. Simultaneously, the P(VDF‐TrFE)/BT composite nanofibers improve the piezoelectric coefficient (187.86 pC N−1), while the P(VDF‐TrFE)/GNS composite nanofibers reduce the internal impedance of the device. These combined enhancements result in an increased Maxwell displacement current and power output. Consequently, the hetero‐layer structured PENG exhibits an impressive open circuit voltage (Voc) output of 350 V, a short circuit current (Isc) output of 6 µA, and a power output of 3.62 W m−2. Moreover, the developed PENG demonstrates extraordinary energy harvesting performance under harsh vibrations caused by human musculoskeletal movements, as well as subtle vibrations from heart pulses, emotional changes, and speech recognition. Additionally, the PENG shows its potential use in wearable self‐powered wireless e‐health systems.
Toward Sustainable Ultrawide Bandgap van der Waals Materials: An ab initio Screening Effort
Authors: Tan Chuin Wei , Xu Linqiang , Er Chen Chen , Chai Siang‐Piao , Kozinsky Boris , Yang Hui Ying , Yang Shengyuan A. , Lu Jing , Ang Yee Sin
Published: October 2023

The sustainable development of next‐generation device technology is paramount in the face of climate change and the looming energy crisis. Tremendous effort is made in the discovery and design of nanomaterials that achieve device‐level sustainability, where high performance and low operational energy cost are prioritized. However, many of such materials are composed of elements that are under threat of depletion and pose elevated risks to the environment and human health. The role of materials‐level sustainability in computational screening efforts is overlooked thus far. This work presents a general van der Waals materials screening framework imbued with sustainability‐motivated search criteria. Using ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) materials as a backdrop, 25 sustainable UWBG layered materials comprising only of low‐risks elements result from this screening effort, with several meeting the requirements for dielectric, power electronics, and ultraviolet device applications. These findings constitute a critical first‐step toward reinventing a more sustainable electronics landscape beyond silicon, with the framework established in this work serving as a harbinger of sustainable 2D materials discovery.
High Entropy Oxides Modulate Atomic‐Level Interactions for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Du Kai , Liu Yujie , Yang Yunfei , Cui Fangyan , Wang Jinshu , Han Mingshan , Su Jingwen , Wang Jiajun , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Yuxiang
Published: October 2023

The strong electrostatic interaction between high‐charge‐density zinc ions (112 C mm−3) and the fixed crystallinity of traditional oxide cathodes with delayed charge compensation hinders the development of high‐performance aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, to intrinsically promote electron transfer efficiency and improve lattice tolerance, a revolutionary family of high‐entropy oxides (HEOs) materials with multipath electron transfer and remarkable structural stability as cathodes for AZIBs is proposed. Benefiting from the unique “cock‐tail” effect, the interaction of diverse type metal‐atoms in HEOs achieves essentially broadened d‐band and lower degeneracy than monometallic oxides, which contribute to convenient electron transfer and one of the best rate‐performances (136.2 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1) in AZIBs. In addition, the intense lattice strain field of HEOs is highly tolerant to the electrostatic repulsion of high‐charge‐density Zn2+, leading to the outstanding cycling stability in AZIBs. Moreover, the super selectability of elements in HEOs exhibits significant potential for AZIBs.
Tough and Moldable Sustainable Cellulose‐Based Structural Materials via Multiscale Interface Engineering
Authors: Yue Xin , Yang Huai‐Bin , Han Zi‐Meng , Lu Yi‐Xing , Yin Chong‐Han , Zhao Xiang , Liu Zhao‐Xiang , Guan Qing‐Fang , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: October 2023

All‐natural materials derived from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are expected to be used to replace engineering plastics and have attracted much attention. However, the lack of crack extension resistance and 3D formability of nanofiber‐based structural materials hinders their practical applications. Here, a multiscale interface engineering strategy is reported to construct high‐performance cellulose‐based materials. The sisal microfibers are surface treated to expose abundant active CNFs with positive charges, thereby enhancing their interfacial combination with the negatively charged CNFs. The robust multiscale dual network enables easy molding of multiscale cellulose‐based structural materials into complex 3D special‐shaped structures, resulting in nearly twofold and fivefold improvements in toughness and impact resistance compared with those of CNFs‐based materials. Moreover, this multiscale interface engineering strategy endows cellulose‐based structural materials with better comprehensive performance than petrochemical‐based plastics and broadens cellulose's potential for lightweight applications as structural materials with lower environmental effects.
Highly Effective Near‐Infrared Light‐Activatable Triplet Fusion Upconversion with BODIPY Annihilators: Triplet Modulation via Non‐Conjugated n–π Spatial Electron Coupling
Authors: Jiang Lin‐Han , Zeng Le , Zhang Ming‐Yu , Huang Ling , Pang Dai‐Wen
Published: October 2023

Effective strategies to manage the triplet state of chromophores are desirable in terms of their crucial role in photonic and optoelectronic technologies. However, triplet excited‐state energy level regulation of organic molecules remains elusive. Here, non‐conjugated n–π spatial electron coupling is demonstrated within boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and can greatly reduce the low‐lying triplet state (T1) to 1.34 eV without the conventional need for π‐conjugation extension. Moreover, the close alignment between T1 states of this BODIPY derivative and the photosensitizer PtTNP contributes to the reversible triplet energy transfer, namely the intermolecular triplet excited‐state equilibrium. Furthermore, to the best of the knowledge, the first BODIPY‐based near‐infrared light‐activated triplet fusion upconversion (NIR TF‐UC) with an upconversion quantum efficiency of 13.3% is implemented. On this basis, the air‐stable solid‐state NIR TF‐UC material is successfully fabricated, whose upconverted emission can still be seen at an ultralow NIR power density of 6.4 mW cm−2. This new strategy to implement triplet state modulation will accelerate the development of NIR TF‐UC and other important areas involving triplet state, such as photoredox catalysis, photodynamic therapy, and photovoltaic devices.
A Simulation Investigation on the Influence of Bearing Outer Ring Defect on Dynamic Vibration Characteristics of the Axle‐Box System
Authors: Liao Xiaokang , He Liu , Yi Cai , Zhao Wentao , Ou Fengyu , Lin Jianhui
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a vehicle track coupling dynamic model including bearing outer ring defects is built, the time history of the axle‐box vibration acceleration and the time history of the bearing roller‐outer raceway contact load under the condition of random track irregularity on the Beijing‐Tianjin line are obtained by simulation calculation. The results show that when the outer ring defect of the bearing occurs, the axle box will generate high‐frequency vibration at the resonance peak in the vertical and lateral directions. When the defect on the bearing outer ring is in the small width of 1 mm, the roller only imposes one impact when passing through the defect area. However, when the width exceeds 3 mm, the large defect causes the roller to impose a double impact on the lateral direction of the axle box, due to changes in bearing clearance in the passing‐through process. When the running speed of the train is about 250 km h−1, the width of bearing outer ring defects needs to be limited to within 1 mm, to minimize a series of problems such as structural fatigue caused by the increased bearing roller‐outer raceway contact load caused by bearing outer ring defects.
A Novel Cytochrome P450 2E1 Inhibitor Q11 Is Effective on Lung Cancer via Regulation of the Inflammatory Microenvironment
Authors: Jia Lin , Gao Fei , Hu Guiming , Fang Yan , Tang Liming , Wen Qiang , Gao Na , Xu Haiwei , Qiao Hailing
Published: October 2023

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among all cancers. A persistent chronic inflammatory microenvironment is highly correlated with lung cancer. However, there are no anti‐inflammatory agents effective against lung cancer. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) plays an important role in the inflammatory response. Here, it is found that CYP2E1 is significantly higher in the peritumoral tissue of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and lung tumor growth is significantly impeded in Cyp2e1−/− mice. The novel CYP2E1 inhibitor Q11, 1‐(4‐methyl‐5‐thialzolyl) ethenone, is effective in the treatment of lung cancer in mice, which can inhibit cancer cells by changing macrophage polarization rather than directly act on the cancer cells. It is also clarify that the benefit of Q11 may associated with the IL‐6/STAT3 and MAPK/ERK pathways. The data demonstrate that CYP2E1 may be a novel inflammatory target and that Q11 is effective on lung cancer by regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment. These findings provide a molecular basis for targeting CYP2E1 and illustrate the potential druggability of the CYP2E1 inhibitor Q11.
Hard–Soft Segment Synergism Binder Facilitates the Implementation of Practical SiC600 Electrodes
Authors: Gao Chenhui , Zhang Huanrui , Mu Pengzhou , Wu Rongxian , Zhang Xiaohu , Chen Xing , Sun Chenghao , Wang Qingfu , Cui Guanglei
Published: October 2023

As an emerging anode material for commercialization, the silicon (or SiOx)/graphite composite (SiC) anode faces bottlenecks such as large volume expansion and short cycle lifespan, which hinder its commercial implementation process. To remove these limitations, a mussel byssal thread‐inspired hard–soft segment synergism binder (denoted as PCH‐CR) is presented based on an in situ ester cross‐linking reaction between a hydrophilic copolymer of sodium 2‐carboxyethylacrylate and N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)acrylamide as the hard segment with an oleophilic elastomer carboxylic styrene butadiene rubber as the soft segment. This synergetic hard–soft segment binder design can evidently improve the polymer topological structure entropy, thus obtaining enhanced mechanical and adhesive properties. By virtue of these strengths, the as‐prepared SiC600 (600 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C) electrodes can apparently suppress electrode volume expansion, and subsequently maintain high structural integrity and interfacial stability during cycling. As a result, the as‐prepared SiC600 electrode at a limited PCH‐CR binder dosage achieves unprecedented cycling and rate performance in coin and home‐made soft package cells. These results promise great potential for the as‐developed binder for practical SiC600 electrode applications. This work marks a new milestone in developing state‐of‐the‐art binders toward high‐specific‐capacity Si‐based anode applications.
New cases of recently described Thauvin‐Robinet‐Faivre syndrome with a novel homozygous FIBP gene variant
Authors: Kılıç Esra , Koşukcu Can
Published: October 2023

Thauvin‐Robinet‐Faivre syndrome (#617107) is a rare autosomal recessive overgrowth syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, macrocephaly, and variable congenital malformations. It is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous FIBP gene mutations. The FIBP gene is located on the 11q13.1 region and codes the acidic fibroblast growth factor intracellular binding protein, which is involved in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway. FGF signaling is required for neurogenesis and neuronal precursor proliferation. The FGF controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in embryonic development and in adult life. Overgrowth syndromes consist of a wide spectrum disorders characterized by prenatal and postnatal excess growth in weight and length, often associated malformations, intellectual disability, and neoplastic predisposition. Embryonic tumors are especially common in these syndromes. Thauvin‐Robinet‐Faivre syndrome is a recently described overgrowth syndrome with typical facial dysmorphic and clinical features. To date, only four patients have been reported with this disorder. Herein, two new cases of Thauvin‐Robinet‐Faivre syndrome are reported with overgrowth, intellectual disability, typical dysmorphic signs in one dysplastic kidney, and a novel homozygous FIBP gene variant. Exome sequencing analysis showed that both affected siblings share the same homozygous c. 412‐3_415dupCAGTTTG FIBP gene variant. Reporting two new cases with this rare autosomal recessive overgrowth syndrome with a novel FIBP gene variant will support and expand the clinical spectrum of Thauvin‐Robinet‐Faivre syndrome. Also discussed will be the function of FIBP in tumorigenesis and the possible renal tumor susceptibility in heterozygous carriers will be emphasized.
Site‐Specific Ubiquitination of Tau Amyloids Promoted by the E3 Ligase CHIP
Authors: Parolini Francesca , Ataie Kachoie Elham , Leo Giulia , Civiero Laura , Bubacco Luigi , Arrigoni Giorgio , Munari Francesca , Assfalg Michael , D'Onofrio Mariapina , Capaldi Stefano
Published: October 2023

Post‐translational modifications of Tau are emerging as key players in determining the onset and progression of different tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease, and are recognized to mediate the structural diversity of the disease‐specific Tau amyloids. Here we show that the E3 ligase CHIP catalyzes the site‐specific ubiquitination of Tau filaments both in vitro and in cellular models, proving that also Tau amyloid aggregates are direct substrate of PTMs. Transmission electron microscopy and mass spectrometry analysis on ubiquitin‐modified Tau amyloids revealed that the conformation of the filaments restricts CHIP‐mediated ubiquitination to specific positions of the repeat domain, while only minor alterations in the structure of the fibril core were inferred using seeding experiments in vitro and in a cell‐based tauopathy model. Overexpression of CHIP significantly increased the ubiquitination of exogenous PHF, proving that the ligase can interact and modify Tau aggregates also in a complex cellular environment.
Stereospecific Conversion of Boronic Esters into Enones using Methoxyallene: Application in the Total Synthesis of 10‐Deoxymethynolide
Authors: Chambers Kristian J. , Sanghong Patthadon , Carter Martos Daniel , Casoni Giorgia , Mykura Rory C. , Prasad Hari Durga , Noble Adam , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: October 2023

Enones are widely utilized linchpin functional groups in chemical synthesis and molecular biology. We herein report the direct conversion of boronic esters into enones using commercially available methoxyallene as a three‐carbon building block. Following boronate complex formation by reaction of the boronic ester with lithiated‐methoxyallene, protonation triggers a stereospecific 1,2‐migration before oxidation generates the enone. The protocol shows broad substrate scope and complete enantiospecificity is observed with chiral migrating groups. In addition, various electrophiles could be used to induce 1,2‐migration and give a much broader range of α‐functionalized enones. Finally, the methodology was applied to a 14‐step synthesis of the enone‐containing polyketide 10‐deoxymethynolide.
Precision Sequence‐Defined Polymers: From Sequencing to Biological Functions
Authors: Shi Qiangqiang , Zhang Zhengbiao , Liu Shiyong
Published: October 2023

Precise sequence‐defined polymers (SDPs) with uniform chain‐to‐chain structure including chain length, unit sequence, and end functionalities represent the pinnacle of sophistication in the realm of polymer science. For example, the absolute control over the unit sequence of SDPs allows for the bottom‐up design of polymers with hierarchical microstructures and functions. Accompanied with the development of synthetic techniques towards precision SDPs, the decoding of SDP sequences and construction of advanced functions irreplaceable by other synthetic materials is of central importance. In this Minireview, we focus on recent advances in SDP sequencing techniques including tandem mass spectrometry (MS), chemically assisted primary MS, as well as other non‐destructive sequencing methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and nanopore sequencing. Additionally, we delve into the promising prospects of SDP functions in the area of cutting‐edge biological research. Topics of exploration include gene delivery systems, the development of hybrid materials combining SDPs and nucleic acids, protein recognition and regulation, as well as the interplay between chirality and biological functions. A brief outlook towards the future directions of SDPs is also presented.
Single‐Scan Ultraselective NMR Experiments with Preserved Sensitivity
Authors: Bazzoni Margherita , Mishra Rituraj , Dumez Jean‐Nicolas
Published: October 2023

Selective NMR experiments provide rapid access to important structural information, and are essential to tackle the analysis of large molecules and complex mixtures. Single‐scan ultraselective experiments are particularly useful, as they can rapidly select signals that overlap with other signals. Here, we describe a novel type of single‐scan ultraselective NMR experiments that is robust against the effects of translational molecular diffusion, and thus make it possible to improve significantly the sensitivity of the experiment. This will largely broaden the applicability of this powerful class of experiments.
Aluminum(III) Cations [(NHC) ⋅ AlMes2]+: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in FLP‐Chemistry
Authors: Werner Luis , Hagn Julika , Walpuski Janis , Radius Udo
Published: October 2023

The three‐coordinate aluminum cations ligated by N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) [(NHC) ⋅ AlMes2]+[B(C6F5)4]− (NHC=IMeMe 4, IiPrMe 5, IiPr 6, Mes=2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl) were prepared via hydride abstraction of the alanes (NHC) ⋅ AlHMes2 (NHC=IMeMe 1, IiPrMe 2, IiPr 3) using [Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]− in toluene as hydride acceptor. If this reaction was performed in diethyl ether, the corresponding four‐coordinate aluminum etherate cations [(NHC) ⋅ AlMes2(OEt2)]+ [B(C6F5)4]− 7–9 (NHC=IMeMe 7, IiPrMe 8, IiPr 9) were isolated. According to a theoretical and experimental assessment of the Lewis‐acidity of the [(IMeMe) ⋅ AlMes2]+ cation is the acidity larger than that of B(C6F5)3 and of similar magnitude as reported for Al(C6F5)3. The reaction of [(IMeMe) ⋅ AlMes2]+[B(C6F5)4]− 4 with the sterically less demanding, basic phosphine PMe3 afforded a mixed NHC/phosphine stabilized cation [(IMeMe) ⋅ AlMes2(PMe3)]+[B(C6F5)4]− 10. Equimolar mixtures of 4 and the sterically more demanding PCy3 gave a frustrated Lewis‐pair (FLP), i.e., [(IMeMe) ⋅ AlMes2]+[B(C6F5)4]−/PCy3 FLP‐11, which reacts with small molecules such as CO2, ethene, and 2‐butyne.
Tipping the Balance Between the bcc and fcc Phase Within the Alkali and Coinage Metal Groups
Authors: Robles‐Navarro Andrés , Jerabek Paul , Schwerdtfeger Peter
Published: October 2023

Why the Group 1 elements crystallize in the body‐centered cubic (bcc) structure, and the iso‐electronic Group 11 elements in the face‐centered cubic (fcc) structure, remains a mystery. Here we show that a delicate interplay between many‐body effects, vibrational contributions and dispersion interactions obtained from relativistic density functional theory offers an answer to this long‐standing controversy. It also sheds light on the Periodic Table of Crystal Structures. A smooth diffusionless transition through cuboidal lattices gives a detailed insight into the bcc→fcc phase transition for the Groups 1 and 11 elements.
An environmentally friendly approach for the extraction and recovery of Mn from pyrolusite by ammonium sulfate roasting‐water leaching and ammonium carbonate precipitation
Authors: Ma Ruiyu , Feng Yali , Li Haoran , Ju Jinrong , Jiang Shiwei , Wang Haoyu , Li Yunhao , Xu Chenglong , Xue Zhonghua
Published: October 2023

With the growth of the new energy industry, the requirements for manganese have increased significantly. In this paper, the method of manganese extraction from pyrolusite using ammonium sulfate roasting and water leaching was presented. At the optimal process parameters: mass ratio of (NH4)2SO4 to pyrolusite of 2:1, the roasting temperature of 420°,C and duration of 120 min, the leaching efficiency of Mn and Fe was 94.55% and 54.38%, respectively. The mechanism analysis shows that MnO2 and Fe2O3 in pyrolusite were converted to (NH4)2Mn2(SO4)3, (NH4)3Fe(SO4)3, and NH4Fe(SO4)2 by roasting with ammonium sulfate. Iron was removed from the leaching solution with the addition of ammonia. Afterward, manganese carbonate products were prepared from iron‐free manganese sulfate solution by adding ammonium carbonate at a stirring duration of 60 min, a reaction temperature of 40°C, a pH of 7, and a molar ratio of ammonium carbonate to the manganese of 1.1:1, the precipitation efficiency of manganese could reach 99.8%, and the obtained manganese carbonate products were compliant with the industry standards. The ammonia released during the roasting process could be absorbed to regenerate (NH4)2SO4 and the final filtrate after evaporation and crystallization could be used to recycle (NH4)2SO4, both of which were used again into roasting process to reduce the consumption of raw material. In this process, the roasting temperature was only 420°C, which was significantly lower than the pyrometallurgical process suggested in earlier studies.