bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapeamento Patentário Sobre as Tecnologias Aeroespaciais das Instituições de Pesquisa e das Empresas Brasileiras
Authors: Reis Marcello Carvalho dos , Wehmann Claus Franz , Martinez Maria Elisa Marciano , Reis Patrícia Carvalho dos
Published: June 2022

A inovação tecnológica possui grande relevância na indústria aeroespacial, uma vez que seus produtos envolvem tecnologia na fronteira do conhecimento, com níveis de maturidade tecnológica muito baixa e com incertezas quanto ao sucesso, tornam-se poucas atrativas para o setor privado. Neste estudo, foi realizado um mapeamento patentário por atividade com o intuito de obter os documentos protegidos no Brasil relacionados à tecnologia aeroespacial, observando, assim, como essas instituições estão protegendo suas inovações, além disso, foi possível utilizar essas informações como fonte direta de dados. As principais tecnologias aeroespaciais obtidas foram: métodos e sistemas (45%); e veículo cosmonáutico, satélites artificiais e peças de veículos (36%). Do total de documentos encontrados, 62% foram depositados por Indústrias de Interesse da Defesa; e 32% de Instituições de Ensino e Pesquisa. Além disso, conclui-se que as pesquisas das Instituições de Ensino e Pesquisa têm foco em pesquisas complementares às pesquisas das Indústrias de Interesse da Defesa.
Panorama da Propriedade Intelectual no Sistema Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial
Authors: Santos Leyla Carolyne da Silva , Uchoa Silvia Beatriz Beger , Balliano Tatiane Luciano
Published: June 2022

O Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial (SENAI) é o maior complexo de educação profissional da América Latina. O presente estudo tem como objetivo procurar identificar como os Departamentos Regionais (DR) realizam a apropriação dos produtos desenvolvidos, identificando quais apresentam uma política de gestão da inovação e comparando com os ativos de propriedade intelectual protegidos por cada DR, referentes ao depósito de patentes nos escritórios do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e da Organização Mundial da Propriedade Intelectual (OMPI). Também foram listados dados quantitativos a partir de uma pesquisa survey, na qual informações foram obtidas de 10 DRs dos 27 existentes. Observou-se que os DRs que apresentaram maior número de depósitos de patentes também apresentam um setor específico para tratar de propriedade intelectual e transferência de tecnologia. É importante ressaltar a necessidade de tratamento específico do assunto dentro da estrutura do Senai, de forma a garantir a proteção das criações geradas.
Política de Inovação da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará: uma perspectiva da Comissão de Elaboração
Authors: Felix Junior Romero Carrilho , Moutinho Maíra da Mota , Pinheiro Antônio do Socorro Ferreira , Ramos Filho José Roberto Branco
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo descreve as etapas para implantação da Política de Inovação na Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), sob a perspectiva de membros da Comissão de Elaboração. O trabalho da Comissão consistiu na análise de leis que regem a Política de Ciência e Tecnologia Nacional e de resoluções e instruções normativas internas e externas para subsidiar a proposição da minuta normativa ao Conselho Superior de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão (CONSEPE). A despeito da criação da Agência de Inovação Tecnológica (AIT), que atua com seu NIT desde 2014, a Ufopa ainda não havia logrado êxito na implementação de sua Política de Inovação, fato que aumentava o tempo de trâmite de acordos e parcerias que dependiam de sua existência e imprimia insegurança jurídica nas decisões tomadas. Uma estratégia consistente para formação da Política foi criada para a difusão de conhecimento e de informação a seu respeito.
Prospecção de Patentes sobre Marcadores de Munições de Armas de Fogo para Fins de Rastreamento e Identificação de Origem
Authors: Fogatti Osvaldo de Freitas , Romera Augusto Stuchi , Da Silva Fernando Melo
Published: June 2022

Este estudo analisa tecnologias de marcadores de munições de armas de fogos para fins de rastreamento e identificação de sua origem, por meio da revisão de literatura, de pesquisas em páginas de entidades especializadas em segurança pública e tecnologias bélicas, de prospecção de patentes via plataforma Orbit e de pesquisa legislativa. Os resultados permitem contextualizar o número total de documentos patentários relativos ao assunto, a tendência evolutiva, a distribuição das patentes entre os países, além dos principais inventos constatados. Demonstrou-se que o impulso à inovação relativa à marcação de munições liga-se à implementação de normas inspiradas nos Protocolos da ONU que objetivam controle e redução de disponibilidade de armas e munições, indicando relação entre inovação e políticas de segurança pública. Concluiu-se pela necessidade de estudos futuros para análise dos entraves à inovação nesse setor, especialmente no Brasil, e ampliação dos critérios de busca patentária ou uso de outras plataformas.
Aplicações Biotecnólogicas da Macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii: um estudo prospectivo
Authors: Suzart Lívia Galdino da Cruz , Vendramini Ana Lúcia do Amaral
Published: June 2022

A espécie Kappaphycus alvarezii é uma macroalga marinha do Filo Rhodophyta, mundialmente utilizada para a extração da carragenana, hidrocoloide de aplicação industrial, além de riquíssima em biocompostos de interesse biotecnológico. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as tendências na utilização dessa macroalga e, assim, motivar o desenvolvimento da algicultura no Brasil. Os temas de maior interesse foram: cultivo, bioativos, nutrição, bioprodutos e bioestimulantes. Para isso, foram consultadas as seguintes bases de dados: Web of Science, Science direct, Scopus, Pubmed, Espacenet e INPI, no período de 1999-2019.  Os resultados confirmaram crescente interesse mundial na utilização da macroalga e destacaram a liderança da China, Malásia e Brasil em publicações científicas, enquanto o estudo patentométrico apresentou a China como líder em depósitos, seguida pelos Estados Unidos e Japão, indicando a necessidade de aproximação entre produção científica e atividade produtiva para que o Brasil seja destaque no desenvolvimento da algicultura.
O Repositório Digital Indígena para Proteção e Preservação dos Saberes Tradicionais Indígenas de Roraima – Brasil
Authors: Neves Elton Bentes , Sandri Eliseu Adilson
Published: June 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o repositório digital como ferramenta de proteção, preservação e disseminação dos saberes tradicionais dos povos indígenas de Roraima. Para fundamentação teórica, buscou-se caracterizar os povos indígenas de Roraima; relacionar os princípios, normas e legislações acerca dos Conhecimentos Tradicionais com as da Propriedade Intelectual; definir os repositórios digitais e pontuar seus benefícios. Como metodologia, foram realizadas as seguintes etapas: análise comparativa de repositórios existentes da região; planejamento; e implementação. Como resultado, é revelado o “Repositório Digital Insikiran”, com a interface customizada para o Instituto Insikiran de Formação Superior Indígena, da Universidade Federal de Roraima, considerando a responsabilidade pelo gerenciamento do repositório. Por fim, pensando na missão da instituição mantenedora e nos princípios de um repositório digital, acredita-se que a proteção e preservação dos conhecimentos tradicionais indígenas estarão em segurança, com acesso de forma fácil e livre.
EVOLUÇÃO DA TECNOLOGIA NA ELABORAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE FINAL DE LIVROS
Authors: Gonçalves Mayara Silva , De Lima Gercina Ângela
Published: June 2022

O Índice de Final de Livro é um dos instrumentos mais antigos utilizados para Organização e Recuperação da Informação, e sua importância decorre do fato de ser este um dos principais pontos de acesso ao conteúdo de um livro, auxiliando o leitor na compreensão dos conceitos relevantes contidos nos manuscritos. Porém, o processo de elaboração do Índice de Final de Livro no Brasil acontece, geralmente, de maneira manual, o que demanda tempo e custos financeiros, justificando o baixo número de publicações que contêm o índice. Dessa forma, este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar estudos que discutem sobre o uso da tecnologia na elaboração do índice, a partir de 16 publicações selecionadas pelo processo de levantamento bibliográfico. Os resultados mostraram que as publicações nos primeiros anos apresentaram de forma incipiente a inserção tecnológica e, com o passar dos anos, houve vários relatos de índices produzidos por meio da indexação automática. Conclui-se que são necessários estudos sobre a utilização da indexação semiautomática para auxiliar na elaboração do índice, considerando que a intervenção do indexador, mesmo com o auxílio da tecnologia, continua sendo necessária para explicitar a semântica e o contexto na elaboração de índices, assim como a utilização da tecnologia é necessária para agilizar a finalização do índice.
POTENCIALIDADE DA PRAÇA CÍVICA EM GOIÂNIA À FORMAÇÃO CIDADÃ DO BIBLIOTECÁRIO
Authors: Pereira Alves Diniz Johnathan , Estrela Hevellin , Oliveira Silva Bethânia
Published: June 2022

Discutimos a potencialidade, a partir da Praça Cívica em Goiânia-GO, para a formação cidadã dos bibliotecários. Questionamos se o exercício da formação cidadã proporciona aos bibliotecários viver a cidade e executar suas práticas sociais? Fundamentada numa abordagem bibliográfica e exploratória buscamos, especificamente, ressaltar o incentivo à prática cidadã em espaços não-formais como estratégias complementares. Objetivamos, também, mostrar a Praça Cívica, retratada por meio dos seus diversos usos e apropriações, pode ser discutida/compreendida enquanto lugar do encontro, de múltiplos usos e simbolismos, reforçando seu potencial ao exercício das práticas cidadãs. Propomos uma metodologia amparada numa construção cartográfica, que visa mapear os espaços e aparelhos culturais, para servir de instrumento de apropriação e de mediação dos bibliotecários da cidade de Goiânia. Concluímos, portanto, que aprender sobre a cidade, formulando intervenções no espaço vivido, fazem dos bibliotecários agregadores em seus fazeres. Desta forma, propomos que o seu pleno exercício da cidadania completa perpassa por uma ação educativa e de uma Biblioteconomia mais social, que evidenciem as práticas culturais, pois enquanto sujeitos e mediadores da informação, os bibliotecários devem se apropriar dos espaços que frequentam e ocupam, contribuindo, em uma atuação mais completa e social.
INFORMAÇÃO E MEMÓRIA
Authors: Massoni Luis Fernando Herbert , Morigi Valdir José Morigi , Ferreira Camilla Barcelos
Published: June 2022

Estuda as informações acerca da Festa de Nossa Senhora dos Navegantes de Porto Alegre durante a pandemia de covid-19. Objetiva analisar as informações sobre a Festa, na sua edição de 2021, disponíveis na internet e provenientes de fontes institucionais. Analisa a forma como a informação foi usada pelas diferentes instituições que veicularam notícias sobre o festejo. Articula os conceitos de informação, representações sociais, memória e festas populares. Metodologicamente, é um estudo qualitativo, com objetivo descritivo e procedimento técnico documental, baseado em informações disponibilizadas na internet. Os resultados apontam diversas fontes de informação utilizadas na divulgação do evento, o que inclui órgãos públicos e privados. Destacam-se os jornais locais, com informações breves focadas na apresentação da programação do evento e das alterações ocorridas devido à pandemia. Conclui que as informações sobre as atividades que ocorreram durante a Festa auxiliaram na manutenção das memórias locais e na conformação de representações já constituídas sobre o evento.
Impact of an integrated whiteboard system on physics QA turnaround time
Authors: Gates Evan , Chiang Bing‐Hao , Kalet Alan , Kim Minsun
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of a digital whiteboard system integrated with data from the oncology information system (OIS) on the urgency of physics quality assurance (QA) tasks in the radiation oncology department.

Methods

Quality check list (QCL) items in the Mosaiq OIS corresponding to eight discrete, sequential steps in the treatment planning process were created. A whiteboard to graphically display active QCLs automatically and in real time was implemented in March 2020 using R shiny. QCL data with completion status were collected in two 12‐month time periods before and after whiteboard implementation: January 2019–December 2019 and July 2020–June 2021. For all plans requiring patient‐specific QA, we recorded when each plan was available for physics QA and which treatments started the following day. We further classified those plans into four categories (urgency levels 1–4 with 4 being the most urgent) depending on how much time was available to perform QA. We compared the proportion of these next‐day QAs in each category between time periods accounting for plan type, day of the week, and time of year.

Results

Overall QA numbers were similar between time periods with 797 and 765 QAs total. The total proportion of next‐day QA decreased by 27% and the proportions of urgency levels 1 and 4 both showed significant decreases after whiteboard implementation of 29.2% and 54.9%, respectively (). All plan types had reduced proportions of next‐day QAs, especially nonstereotactic body radiation therapy (non‐SBRT) (30.3% decrease, ). Fridays and the months of October–December had the highest proportion of next‐day QAs but showed significant reductions of 19.1% and 40.6% in the proportion of next‐day QAs, respectively ().

Conclusions

The integrated whiteboard system significantly reduced the proportion of last‐minute physics work, increasing patient safety. Advantages of the integrated whiteboard were low cost, low overhead with automatic interface to the OIS, and concurrent user support.
Evaluation of internal margins for prostate for step and shoot intensity‐modulated radiation therapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy using different margin formulas
Authors: Higuchi Daiki , Ono Tomohiro , Kakino Ryo , Aizawa Rihito , Nakayasu Naoki , Ito Hitoshi , Sakamoto Takashi
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This feasibility study evaluated the intra‐fractional prostate motion using an ultrasound image‐guided system during step and shoot intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (SS‐IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Moreover, the internal margins (IMs) using different margin formulas were calculated.

Methods

Fourteen consecutive patients with prostate cancer who underwent SS‐IMRT (n = 5) or VMAT (n = 9) between March 2019 and April 2020 were considered. The intra‐fractional prostate motion was observed in the superior–inferior (SI), anterior–posterior (AP), and left–right (LR) directions. The displacement of the prostate was defined as the displacement from the initial position at the scanning start time, which was evaluated using the mean ± standard deviation (SD). IMs were calculated using the van Herk and restricted maximum likelihood (REML) formulas for SS‐IMRT and VMAT.

Results

For SS‐IMRT, the maximum displacements of the prostate motion were 0.17 ± 0.18, 0.56 ± 0.86, and 0.18 ± 0.59 mm in the SI, AP, and LR directions, respectively. For VMAT, the maximum displacements of the prostate motion were 0.19 ± 0.64, 0.22 ± 0.35, and 0.14 ± 0.37 mm in the SI, AP, and LR directions, respectively. The IMs obtained for SS‐IMRT and VMAT were within 2.3 mm and 1.2 mm using the van Herk formula and within 1.2 mm and 0.8 mm using the REML formula.

Conclusions

This feasibility study confirmed that intra‐fractional prostate motion was observed with SS‐IMRT and VMAT using different margin formulas. The IMs should be determined according to each irradiation technique using the REML margin.
Assessing the Utility of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Tayer‐Shifman Oshrat E. , Yuen Kimberley , Green Robin , Kakvan Mahta , Katz Patricia , Bingham Kathleen S. , Diaz‐Martinez Juan Pablo , Ruttan Lesley , Wither Joan E. , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Su Jiandong , Bonilla Dennisse , Choi May Y. , Appenzeller Simone , Barraclough Michelle , Beaton Dorcas E. , Touma Zahi
Published: June 2022

Objective

Screening for cognitive impairment (CI) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) relies on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) neuropsychological battery (NB). By studying the concurrent criterion validity, our goal was to assess the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) as a screening tool for CI compared to the ACR‐NB and to evaluate the added value of the MoCA to the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM).

Methods

A total of 285 adult SLE patients were administered the ACR‐NB, MoCA, and ANAM. For the ACR‐NB, patients were classified as having CI if there was a Z score of ≤–1.5 in ≥2 domains. The area under the curve (AUC) and sensitivities/specificities were determined. A discriminant function analysis was applied to assess the ability of the MoCA to differentiate between CI, undetermined CI, and non‐CI patients.

Results

CI was not accurately identified by the MoCA compared to the ACR‐NB (AUC of 0.66). Sensitivity and specificity were poor at 50% and 69%, respectively, for the cutoff of 26, and 80% and 45%, respectively, for the cutoff of 28. The MoCA had a low ability to identify CI status. The addition of the MoCA to the ANAM led to improvement on the AUC by only 2.5%.

Conclusion

The MoCA does not have adequate concurrent criterion validity to accurately identify CI in patients with SLE. The low specificity of the MoCA may lead to overdiagnosis and concern among patients. Adding the MoCA to the ANAM does not substantially improve the accuracy of the ANAM. These results do not support using the MoCA as a screening tool for CI in patients with SLE.
Using Unsupervised Machine Learning Methods to Cluster Comorbidities in a Population‐Based Cohort of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Crowson Cynthia S. , Gunderson Tina M. , Davis John M. , Myasoedova Elena , Kronzer Vanessa L. , Coffey Caitrin M. , Atkinson Elizabeth J.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To identify clusters of comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using 4 methods and to compare to patients without RA.

Methods

In this retrospective, population‐based study, residents of 8 Minnesota counties with prevalent RA as of January 1, 2015 were identified. Age‐, sex‐, and county‐matched non‐RA comparators were selected from the same underlying population. Diagnostic codes were retrieved for 5 years before January 1, 2015. Using 2 codes ≥30 days apart, 44 previously defined morbidities and 11 nonoverlapping chronic disease categories based on Clinical Classifications Software were defined. Unsupervised machine learning methods of interest included hierarchical clustering, factor analysis, K‐means clustering, and network analysis.

Results

Two groups of 1,643 patients with and without RA (72% female; mean age 63.1 years in both groups) were studied. Clustering of comorbidities revealed strong associations among mental/behavioral comorbidities and among cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. The clusters were associated with age and sex. Differences between the 4 clustering methods were driven by comorbidities that are rare and those that were weakly associated with other comorbidities. Common comorbidities tended to group together consistently across approaches. The instability of clusters when using different random seeds or bootstrap sampling impugns the usefulness and reliability of these methods. Clusters of common comorbidities between RA and non‐RA cohorts were similar.

Conclusion

Despite the higher comorbidity burden in patients with RA compared to the general population, clustering comorbidities did not identify substantial differences in comorbidity patterns between the RA and non‐RA cohorts. The instability of clustering methods suggests caution when interpreting clustering using 1 method.
Complex Oxides for Brain‐Inspired Computing: A Review
Authors: Park Tae Joon , Deng Sunbin , Manna Sukriti , Islam A. N. M. Nafiul , Yu Haoming , Yuan Yifan , Fong Dillon D. , Chubykin Alexander A. , Sengupta Abhronil , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. , Ramanathan Shriram
Published: June 2022

The fields of brain‐inspired computing, robotics, and, more broadly, artificial intelligence (AI) seek to implement knowledge gleaned from the natural world into human‐designed electronics and machines. In this review, the opportunities presented by complex oxides, a class of electronic ceramic materials whose properties can be elegantly tuned by doping, electron interactions, and a variety of external stimuli near room temperature, are discussed. The review begins with a discussion of natural intelligence at the elementary level in the nervous system, followed by collective intelligence and learning at the animal colony level mediated by social interactions. An important aspect highlighted is the vast spatial and temporal scales involved in learning and memory. The focus then turns to collective phenomena, such as metal‐to‐insulator transitions (MITs), ferroelectricity, and related examples, to highlight recent demonstrations of artificial neurons, synapses, and circuits and their learning. First‐principles theoretical treatments of the electronic structure, and in situ synchrotron spectroscopy of operating devices are then discussed. The implementation of the experimental characteristics into neural networks and algorithm design is then revewed. Finally, outstanding materials challenges that require a microscopic understanding of the physical mechanisms, which will be essential for advancing the frontiers of neuromorphic computing, are highlighted.
Green Electrosynthesis of 5,5′‐Azotetrazolate Energetic Materials Plus Energy‐Efficient Hydrogen Production Using Ruthenium Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Li Jiachen , Zhang Cong , Zhang Chi , Ma Huijun , Guo Zhaoqi , Zhong Chenglin , Xu Ming , Wang Xuanjun , Wang Yaoyu , Ma Haixia , Qiu Jieshan
Published: June 2022

Water electrolysis involves two parallel reactions, that is, oxygen evolution (OER) and hydrogen evolution (HER), in which sluggish OER is a significant limiting step that results in high energy consumption. Coupling the thermodynamically favorable electrooxidation of organic alternatives to value‐added fine chemicals HER is a promising approach for the simultaneous cost‐effective production of value‐added chemicals and hydrogen. Here, a new coupling system for the green electrochemical synthesis of organic energetic materials (EMs) plus hydrogen production using single‐atom catalysts is introduced. The catalysts are prepared by the facile galvanostatic deposition of ruthenium single atoms on the molybdenum selenide and reveal a low HER overpotential of 38.9 mV at −10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline medium. Importantly, the cell voltage of water electrolysis can be significantly reduced to only 1.35 V at a current of 10 mA cm−2 by coupling water splitting with the electrooxidation of 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole to synthesize 5,5′‐azotetrazolate energetic material. These materials are traditionally synthesized under harsh conditions involving a strong oxidizing agent, high‐temperature conditions, and difficult separation of by‐products. This study provides a green and efficient method of synthesizing organic EMs while simultaneously producing hydrogen.
A Review of Recent Advances in Electrically Driven Polymer‐Based Flexible Actuators: Smart Materials, Structures, and Their Applications
Authors: Ahn Junseong , Gu Jimin , Choi Jungrak , Han Chankyu , Jeong Yongrok , Park Jaeho , Cho Seokjoo , Oh Yong Suk , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Amjadi Morteza , Park Inkyu
Published: June 2022

Polymer‐based flexible actuators have recently attracted significant attention owing to their great potentials in soft robotics, wearables, haptics, and medical devices. In particular, electrically driven polymer‐based flexible actuators are considered as some of the most practical actuators because they can be driven by a simple electrical power source. Over the past decade, research on electrically driven soft actuators has greatly progressed, leading to the development of various functional materials and bioinspired structures. This article comprehensively reviews recent advances in electrically driven soft actuators and compares their actuation performance based on working principles, materials, and structures. Several strategies, including combining smart materials and composite structures, which are proposed to overcome some of the drawbacks of electrically driven soft actuators, are also discussed. Finally, potential applications of electrically driven soft actuators in soft robotics are summarized and an outlook is presented.
Wafer‐Scale 200 mm Metal Oxide Infrared Metasurface with Tailored Differential Emissivity Response in the Atmospheric Windows
Authors: Sun Kai , Vassos Evangelos , Yan Xingzhao , Wheeler Callum , Churm James , Wiecha Peter R. , Gregory Simon A. , Feresidis Alex , de Groot Cornelis H. , Muskens Otto L.
Published: June 2022

Metasurfaces with sub‐wavelength nanoscale features have emerged as a platform to achieve desirable electromagnetic responses. However, it remains technically challenging to fabricate metasurfaces in large size and at low cost for mass production. This work demonstrates a 200 mm wafer‐scale Al:ZnO metasurface coating based on deep‐UV lithography. The metasurfaces are targeted to achieve infrared (IR) reflectivity and emissivity characteristics at bandwidths across the two atmospheric windows in the IR spectrum. The wafers demonstrate a high uniformity of optical response with tailored reflectivity of around 50% at the 3–5 µm mid‐wave IR band and less than 10% at the 8–13 µm long‐wave IR band. This article furthermore shows that the design principle allows achieving a wide range of dual‐band reflectivity values using a single underlying materials stack, offering a versatile platform. The proposed approach is compatible with CMOS‐compatible mass‐production manufacturing and brings IR metasurface coatings closer to commercially relevant and scalable technology.
Enhanced Output of On‐Body Direct‐Current Power Textiles by Efficient Energy Management for Sustainable Working of Mobile Electronics
Authors: Cheng Renwei , Ning Chuan , Chen Pengfei , Sheng Feifan , Wei Chuanhui , Zhang Yihan , Peng Xiao , Dong Kai , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: June 2022

Triboelectric power textile (TPT) that can harvest widespread but always neglected human biomechanical energy is considered a promising and reliable energy source for wearable electronics. However, the alternating current and high impedance of triboelectric nanogenerators as well as the meager electrical output caused by the properties of the textile itself greatly restrict its practical applications. Here, an autonomous power textile with practical application value, which consists of a high‐output direct‐current TPT (DC‐TPT) and a miniaturized energy management module (EMM), is achieved for continuous operation of wearable and mobile electronics. The home‐preparable multiarray DC‐TPT can harvest transferred charge of 5.5 µC per cycle with nine repeating units. Moreover, it is found that incorrect sewing positions of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) yarn change the working mechanism with a decreased DC output. The EMM with energy conversion efficiency of 82.6% can reduce the impedance of DC‐TPT from 200 to 1.6 MΩ. With its powerful assistance, the watch can work continuously for 172 s just by manually sliding the DC‐TPT 1.6 s on an arm, and wireless signals can be transmitted to 281 m away after sliding for 2 min. Various widely used electronics can also be easily and continuously driven.
Forage yield and profitability of grain‐type intermediate wheatgrass under different harvest schedules
Authors: Puka‐Beals Jesse , Sheaffer Craig C. , Jungers Jacob M.
Published: June 2022

Intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & Dewey] (IWG) is a perennial forage grass being domesticated to function as a perennial grain crop. Grain yield of improved, grain‐type IWG cultivars decline by the third year of production and managing aging stands for forage production presents economic opportunities. Limited research is available on the response of second‐ and third‐year grain‐type IWG to different forage harvest schedules. We measured forage yield and nutritive value of grain‐type IWG in the second and third year of production under nine forage harvest schedules varying in the timing of the first harvest (at boot, anthesis, or soft dough stage) and the number of fall harvests (none, one [Sept.], or two [Sept. and Nov.]). As timing of the first harvest was delayed and IWG maturity increased from boot to soft dough, yield increased from 2.4 to 3.7 Mg ha–1 and relative feed value decreased from 113 to 82. Yield at subsequent September and November harvests averaged 30% and 12% of the initial harvest yield, respectively. Total annual forage yield was not affected by the timing of the first harvest but was predictably greater for two or three harvests compared with one harvest; however, additional harvests in September and November decreased net returns. Grain‐type IWG stands harvested in the third year after peak grain production have potential to provide forage similar to common perennial cool season forage grasses. Tradeoffs between forage yield and nutritive value should be considered when selecting the timing of the initial spring forage harvest.
Characterization of soil nematode community structure in semi‐arid dryland barley systems
Authors: Burkhardt Andy , Briar Shabeg , Martin John M. , Carr Patrick M. , Sherman Jamie
Published: June 2022

Soil nematode community structure and composition can inform crop managers about soil quality. However, few studies have assessed the nematode community under agricultural systems in cool semi‐arid regions such as the U.S. northern Great Plains. We assessed soil nematode community structure of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and barley–pea (Pisum sativum L.) cropping systems from 2016 to 2018 in one tilled and two no‐till field experiments under dryland management in central and southwestern Montana. Soils were sampled prior to planting in the spring and following harvest in late summer and nematodes were classified to genus level via microscopy. Both in season moisture stress and overwinter stress explained decline in nematodes in the central Montana no‐till experiments, although consistent impacts of moisture or overwinter stress on nematodes were not detected in the tilled field experiment. Cropping system or sequence did not impact the nematode population (p > .1), but barley yield was positively correlated with larger nematode populations in both no‐till experiments (r > .60). The percentage of fungivores were negatively correlated (r = –.42) to barley yield under tillage. Plant parasitic nematodes were positively correlated (r = .43) to barley yield under tillage. These results suggest that factors which enhance cereal crop growth and productivity rather than crop diversification drive short‐term nematode community dynamics when crop rotations are established in cool semi‐arid regions. Future work is needed to determine if cropping system changes can impact nematode populations after several years in cool semi‐arid regions and, if so, what ecosystem services result from these transformations.
Model predictive control of a second‐order hyperbolic transport‐reaction process
Authors: Cassol Guilherme Ozorio , Dubljevic Stevan
Published: June 2022

The model predictive controller (MPC) design is developed for a tubular chemical reactor, considering a second‐order hyperbolic partial differential equation as the model of the transport‐reaction process with boundary actuation. Without loss of generality, closed–closed boundary conditions and relaxed total flux are assumed. At the same time, the model is discretized in time by the Cayley–Tustin method, and, under the assumption that only the reactor's output is measurable, the observer design for the state reconstruction is addressed and integrated with the MPC design. The Luenberger observer gain is obtained by solving the operator Ricatti equation in the discrete‐time setting, while the MPC accounts for constrained and optimal control. The simulations show that the output‐based MPC design stabilizes the system under the input and output constraints satisfaction. In addition, to address the models' disparities, the results for both parabolic and hyperbolic equations are presented and discussed.
Pyomo.DOE: An open‐source package for model‐based design of experiments in Python
Authors: Wang Jialu , Dowling Alexander W.
Published: June 2022

Predictive mathematical models are a cornerstone of science and engineering. Yet selecting, calibrating, and validating said science‐based models often remains an art in practice. Model‐based design of experiments (MBDoE) provides a systematic framework to maximize information gain from experiments while minimizing time and resource costs. But MBDoE remains limited to niche application areas, in part because practitioners must integrate expertise in statistics, computational optimization, and modeling. To help reduce this barrier, we introducePyomo.DOE, an open‐source package for MBDoE.Pyomo.DOEuses a nonlinear sensitivity analysis codek_augto quickly approximate the Fisher information matrix and leverages a new stochastic programming abstraction. We demonstratePyomo.DOEwith the first application of MBDoE to fixed‐bed breakthrough experiments, which highlights the power ofPyomo.DOEto quantify the value of experimental modifications a priori for large‐scale partial differential‐algebraic equation (PDAE) models. We also provide a mathematical primer on MBDoE targeted at general chemical engineers.
Recent Trends in Upgrading of CO2 as a C1 Reactant in N‐ and C‐Methylation Reactions
Authors: Naik Ganesh , Sarki Naina , Goyal Vishakha , Narani Anand , Natte Kishore
Published: June 2022

Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and conversion from renewable resources have recently emerged as a viable alternative to the synthesis of core chemicals. Despite the fact that CO2 fixation is limited due to its thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness, researchers are becoming increasingly interested in developing novel routes with the use of CO2 in synthetic organic chemistry, and the pace of advancements in this field is accelerating. In particular, the development of benign N‐ and C‐methylation reactions employing CO2 as a C1 synthon instead of conventional methylation reagents would enable the release of lower amounts of waste leading to more sustainable chemical industry. This review presents recent new strategies for the chemical transformation of CO2 and its incorporation into N‐ or C‐based nucleophiles to provide access to the respective methylamines and methylated (hetero)arenes. Finally, existing limitations in N−H, and C−H bond activation techniques and future prospects are also discussed. We believe these methodologies will provide a handy reference to the chemists for synthesizing a vast range of methylated molecules in shorter steps by utilizing CO2 as an advantageous single‐carbon source.
Azo Compounds as Active Materials of Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Shimizu Takeshi , Tanifuji Naoki , Yoshikawa Hirofumi
Published: June 2022

The rapid evolution of electrical devices and the increasing demand for the supply of sustainable energy necessitate the development of high‐performance energy storage systems such as rechargeable and redox flow batteries. However, these batteries typically contain inorganic active materials, which exhibit several critical drawbacks hindering further development. In this regard, azo compounds are promising alternatives, offering the benefits of fast kinetics, multi‐electron redox reactions, and tunable (via structural adjustment) battery performance. Herein, we review the use of azo compounds as the active materials of rechargeable and redox flow batteries, discuss certain aspects of material design and electrochemical reaction mechanisms, and summarize the corresponding perspectives and research directions to facilitate further progress in this field.
Magnesium(II)‐ATP Complexes in 1‐Ethyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Acetate Solutions Characterized by31Mg β‐Radiation‐Detected NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: McFadden Ryan M. L. , Szunyogh Dániel , Bravo‐Frank Nicholas , Chatzichristos Aris , Dehn Martin H. , Fujimoto Derek , Jancsó Attila , Johannsen Silke , Kálomista Ildikó , Karner Victoria L. , Kiefl Robert F. , Larsen Flemming H. , Lassen Jens , Levy C. D. Philip , Li Ruohong , McKenzie Iain , McPhee Hannah , Morris Gerald D. , Pearson Matthew R. , Sauer Stephan P. A. , Sigel Roland K. O. , Thulstrup Peter W. , MacFarlane W. Andrew , Hemmingsen Lars , Stachura Monika
Published: June 2022

The complexation of MgIIwith adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) is omnipresent in biochemical energy conversion, but is difficult to interrogate directly. Here we use the spin‐β‐emitter31Mg to study MgII‐ATP complexation in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate (EMIM‐Ac) solutions using β‐radiation‐detected nuclear magnetic resonance (β‐NMR). We demonstrate that (nuclear) spin‐polarized31Mg, following ion‐implantation from an accelerator beamline into EMIM‐Ac, binds to ATP within its radioactive lifetime before depolarizing. The evolution of the spectra with solute concentration indicates that the implanted31Mg initially bind to the solvent acetate anions, whereafter they undergo dynamic exchange and form either a mono‐ (31Mg‐ATP) or di‐nuclear (31MgMg‐ATP) complex. The chemical shift of31Mg‐ATP is observed up‐field of31MgMg‐ATP, in accord with quantum chemical calculations. These observations constitute a crucial advance towards using β‐NMR to probe chemistry and biochemistry in solution.
Dissipative Formation of Covalent Basket Cages
Authors: Liyana Gunawardana Vageesha W. , Finnegan Tyler J. , Ward Carson E. , Moore Curtis E. , Badjić Jovica D.
Published: June 2022

Living systems use chemical fuels to transiently assemble functional structures. As a step toward constructing abiotic mimics of such structures, we herein describe dissipative formation of covalent basket cage CBC 5 by reversible imine condensation of cup‐shaped aldehyde 2 (i.e., basket) with trivalent aromatic amine 4. This nanosized [4+4] cage (V=5 nm3, Mw=6150 Da) has shape of a truncated tetrahedron with four baskets at its vertices and four aromatic amines forming the faces. Importantly, tris‐aldehyde basket 2 and aliphatic tris‐amine 7 undergo condensation to give small [1+1] cage 6. The imine metathesis of 6 and aromatic tris‐amine 4 into CBC 5 was optimized to bias the equilibrium favouring 6. Addition of tribromoacetic acid (TBA) as a chemical fuel perturbs this equilibrium to result in the transient formation of CBC 5, with subsequent consumption of TBA via decarboxylation driving the system back to the starting state.
Microscopic anatomy of the upper aerodigestive tract in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina): Functional adaptations to swallowing
Authors: Nourbakhsh Hirad , Adams Arlo , Raverty Stephen , Vogl A. Wayne , Haulena Martin , Skoretz Stacey A.
Published: June 2022

Abandoned harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina) are frequently recovered by rehabilitation centers and often require intensive nursing, gavage feeding and swallowing rehabilitation prior to anticipated release. Seal upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) histology descriptions relevant to deglutition are limited, impacting advances in rehabilitation practice. Therefore, we examined the histological characteristics of the harbor seal UAT to understand species‐specific functional anatomy and characterize adaptations. To this end, we conducted gross dissections, compiled measurements and reviewed histologic features of the UAT structures of 14 preweaned harbor seal pups that died due to natural causes or were humanely euthanized. Representative samples for histologic evaluation included the tongue, salivary glands, epiglottis, and varying levels of the trachea and esophagus. Histologically, there was a prominent muscularis in the tongue with fewer lingual papillae types compared to humans. Abundant submucosal glands were observed in lateral and pharyngeal parts of the tongue and rostral parts of the esophagus. When compared to other mammalian species, there was a disproportionate increase in the amount of striated muscle throughout the length of the esophageal muscularis externa. This may indicate a lesser degree of autonomic control over the esophageal phase of swallowing in harbor seals. Our study represents the first detailed UAT histological descriptions for neonatal harbor seals. Collectively, these findings support specific anatomic and biomechanical adaptations relevant to suckling, prehension, and deglutition. This work will inform rehabilitation practices and guide future studies on swallowing physiology in harbor seals with potential applications to other pinniped and otariid species in rehabilitation settings.
User empowerment and well‐being with mHealth apps during pandemics: A mix‐methods investigation in China
Authors: Zhou Zhongyun , Jin Xiao‐Ling , Hsu Carol , Tang Zhenya
Published: June 2022

As a healthcare ICT4D solution, mobile health (mHealth) can potentially improve users' well‐being during pandemics, especially in developing countries with limited healthcare resources. Recent ICT4D research reveals that providing end‐users with access to ICT is insufficient for improving well‐being and, thus, understanding how mHealth empowers end‐users to enhance well‐being against stressful events is important. However, prior research has rarely discussed the issue of empowerment in the domain of mHealth or the context of major disruptive events. This paper contributes to the literature by conceptualizing the psychological empowerment of mHealth users (PEMU) and investigating its nomological network during pandemics. Drawing upon theories of psychological empowerment and event characteristics, we developed a research model and tested it through a mixed‐methods investigation, containing a quantitative study with 602 Chinese mHealth users during COVID‐19 and a follow‐up qualitative study of 326 online articles and reviews. We found that PEMU, driven by three technological characteristics (perceived response efficacy, ease of use, and mHealth quality), affects well‐being through both (a) a stress‐buffering effect, which counterbalances the detrimental, stress‐increasing effects of event criticality and disruption, and (b) a vitality‐stimulating effect, which is intensified by event criticality. These findings have important implications for ICT4D research and practice.
Empathizing, systemizing, empathizing‐systemizing difference and their association with autistic traits in children with autism spectrum disorder, with and without intellectual disability
Authors: Pan Ning , Auyeung Bonnie , Wang Xin , Lin Li‐Zi , Li Hai‐Lin , Zhan Xiao‐Ling , Jin Cheng‐Kai , Jing Jin , Li Xiu‐Hong
Published: June 2022

Empathizing, systemizing, and empathizing‐systemizing difference can be linked to autistic traits in the general adult population and those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but these profiles and associations remain unclear in children with ASD, with and without intellectual disability (ASD + ID; ASD‐noID). We recruited three groups including 160 boys with ASD (73 ASD + ID; 87 ASD‐noID) and 99 typically developing (TD) boys (6–12 years). We measured empathizing, systemizing, and empathizing‐systemizing difference using the parent‐reported child Empathy and Systemizing Quotient (EQ‐C/SQ‐C). We measured autistic traits using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). Among the three groups, children with ASD + ID and ASD‐noID scored lower on the EQ‐C and SQ‐C than TD children (all p < 0.001). There was no difference in the EQ‐C between children with ASD + ID and ASD‐noID (16.59 ± 5.53 vs. 16.23 ± 5.85, p = 0.973), and the difference in the SQ‐C attenuated to null when adjusting for intelligence between children with ASD‐noID and TD children (18.89 ± 7.80 vs. 24.15 ± 6.73, p = 0.089). Children with ASD + ID scored higher on empathizing‐systemizing difference than TD children but lower than children with ASD‐noID (all p < 0.05). Negative associations between EQ‐C and all autistic traits, null associations between SQ‐C and all autistic traits, and positive associations between empathizing‐systemizing difference and all autistic traits were found in all groups. We observed differences in empathizing, systemizing, and empathizing‐systemizing difference and the consistency of their associations with autistic traits among the three groups. Our findings provide implication that behavioral interventions of ASD should consider the balance of empathizing and systemizing.

Lay Summary

We examined the profiles of empathizing, systemizing, and empathizing‐systemizing difference in children with autism spectrum disorder, with and without intellectual disability (ASD + ID; ASD‐noID), and typically developing (TD) children aged 6–12 years. We observed differences in these profiles and the consistency of their associations with autistic traits among the three groups. Empathizing and empathizing‐systemizing difference, rather than systemizing, were associated with autistic traits within the three groups. Our findings provide implication that behavioral interventions of ASD should consider these imbalance profiles.
Ultra‐Thin Asymmetric Composite Electrolyte Addresses the Out‐of‐Sync Requirements of Lithium Batteries Interfaces
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Guoxu , Fan Li‐Zhen
Published: June 2022

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries with solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have gained worldwide attention due to their intrinsic safety and high energy density. However, there is no single electrolyte that can satisfy the out‐of‐sync requirements of both the anode and cathode interface. Herein, an ultrathin asymmetric composite electrolyte (ACE) is prepared by a simple slurry‐casting method, in which a Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO) enrichment layer with high modulus is used to match the lithium anode and a polymer layer with high electrochemical stability is formed at the cathode. Meanwhile, a polyimide (PI) film is used as a scaffold to improve the mechanical properties of the electrolyte. As a result, the ACE with a thickness of 35 μm exhibits an ionic conductivity of 1.34×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. Furthermore, both the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/ACE/Li and LiFePO4/ACE/Li full cells exhibit excellent electrochemical performances.
Multivariate linear mixed models with censored and nonignorable missing outcomes, with application to AIDS studies
Authors: Lin Tsung‐I , Wang Wan‐Lun
Published: June 2022

The analysis of multivariate longitudinal data could encounter some complications due to censorship induced by detection limits of the assay and nonresponse occurring when participants missed scheduled visits intermittently or discontinued participation. This paper establishes a generalization of the multivariate linear mixed model that can accommodate censored responses and nonignorable missing outcomes simultaneously. To account for the nonignorable missingness, the selection approach which decomposes the joint distribution as a marginal distribution for the primary outcome variables and a model describing the missing process conditional on the hypothetical complete data is used. A computationally feasible Monte Carlo expectation conditional maximization algorithm is developed for parameter estimation with the maximum likelihood (ML) method. Furthermore, a general information‐based approach is presented to assess the variability of ML estimators. The techniques for the prediction of censored responses and imputation of missing outcomes are also discussed. The methodology is motivated and exemplified by a real dataset concerning HIV‐AIDS clinical trials. A simulation study is conducted to examine the performance of the proposed method compared with other traditional approaches.