bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVIGSscreen identifies immunity in the Arabidopsis Pla‐1 accession to viruses in two different genera of the Geminiviridae
Authors: Reyes Maria Ines , Flores‐Vergara Miguel A. , Guerra‐Peraza Orlene , Rajabu Cyprian , Desai Jigar , Hiromoto‐Ruiz Yokiko H. , Ndunguru Joseph , Hanley‐Bowdoin Linda , Kjemtrup Susanne , Ascencio‐Ibáñez Jose T. , Robertson Dominique
Published: September 2017

Geminiviruses areDNAviruses that cause severe crop losses in different parts of the world, and there is a need for genetic sources of resistance to help combat them. Arabidopsis has been used as a source for virus‐resistant genes that derive from alterations in essential host factors. We used a virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector derived from the geminivirusCabbage leaf curl virus(CaLCuV) to assess natural variation in virus–host interactions in 190 Arabidopsis accessions. Silencing ofCH‐42, encoding a protein needed to make chlorophyll, was used as a visible marker to discriminate asymptomatic accessions from those showing resistance. There was a wide range in symptom severity and extent of silencing in different accessions, but two correlations could be made. Lines with severe symptoms uniformly lacked extensiveVIGS, and lines that showed attenuated symptoms over time (recovery) showed a concomitant increase in the extent ofVIGS. One accession, Pla‐1, lacked both symptoms and silencing, and was immune to wild‐type infectious clones corresponding to CaLCuV orBeet curly top virus(BCTV), which are classified in different genera in the Geminiviridae. It also showed resistance to the agronomically importantTomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV). Quantitative trait locus mapping of a Pla‐1 X Col‐0 F2population was used to detect a major peak on chromosome 1, which is designatedgip‐1(geminivirus immunity Pla‐1‐1). The recessive nature of resistance to CaLCuV and the lack of obvious candidate genes near thegip‐1locus suggest that a novel resistance gene(s) confers immunity.
Concurrent Rupture of Two Molecular Bonds in Series: Implications for Dynamic Force Spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Ji , Lin Yuan , Qian Jin
Published: September 2017

The immobilization of receptor–ligand molecules in dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) often relies on an extra noncovalent linkage to solid surfaces, resulting in two barrier-crossing diffusion processes in series and concurrent bond dissociations. One outstanding theoretical issue is whether the linkage between the immobilizer and biomolecule is sufficiently strong during repeated force ramping in the measurements and how it might influence the interpretation on receptor–ligand kinetics. Following the classical framework by Kramers, we regard each dissociation process as a flux of probabilistic bond configuration outward over an energy barrier in the coordinated energy landscape, and solve the two coupled boundary value problems in the form of Smoluchowski equation. Strong kinetic and mechanical coupling is observed between the two molecular bonds in series, with the results showing that involving a noncovalent linkage in DFS can obscure the unbinding characteristics of the receptor–ligand bond. Our approach provides a quantitative assessment to the hidden effects of having a fragile molecular anchorage in DFS and allows the corrected interpretation on receptor–ligand dissociation kinetics in the case.
Thermal Fluctuations as a Computational Microscope for Studying Crystalline Interfaces: A Mechanistic Perspective
Authors: Chen Dengke , Kulkarni Yashashree
Published: September 2017

Interfaces such as grain boundaries are ubiquitous in crystalline materials and have provided a fertile area of research over decades. Their importance stems from the numerous critical phenomena associated with them, such as grain boundary sliding, migration, and interaction with other defects, that govern the mechanical properties of materials. Although these crystalline interfaces exhibit small out-of-plane fluctuations, statistical thermodynamics of membranes has been effectively used to extract relevant physical quantities such as the interface free energy, grain boundary stiffness, and interfacial mobility. In this perspective, we advance the viewpoint that thermal fluctuations of crystalline interfaces can serve as a computational microscope for gaining insights into the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of grain boundaries and present a rich source of future study.
Overview of Boiling Water Reactor Steam Dryer Alternating Stress Assessment Procedures
Authors: Hambric Stephen A. , Ziada Samir , Morante Richard J.
Published: September 2017

The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) has approved several extended power uprates (EPU) for Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs). In some of the BWRs, operating at the higher EPU power levels and flow rates led to high-cycle fatigue damage of Steam Dryers, including the generation of loose parts. Since those failures occurred, all BWR owners proposing EPUs have been required by the USNRC to ensure that the steam dryers would not experience high-cycle fatigue cracking. This paper provides an overview of BWR steam dryer design; the fatigue failures that occurred at the Quad Cities (QC) nuclear power plants and their root causes; a brief history of BWR EPUs; and a discussion of steam dryer modifications/replacements, alternating stress mechanisms on steam dryers, and structural integrity evaluation methods (static and alternating stress).
Reducing curtaining effects in FIB/SEM applications by a goniometer stage and an image processing method
Authors: Loeber Thomas Henning , Laegel Bert , Wolff Sandra , Schuff Sebastian , Balle Frank , Beck Tilmann , Eifler Dietmar , Fitschen Jan Henrik , Steidl Gabriele
Published: September 2017

In the last two decades, focused ion beam (FIB) systems have been used for sample preparation. For example, the edges of a sample can be polished for analytical measurements or continuous cross-sections can be milled for three-dimensional (3D) tomography and reconstruction. One major challenge in both procedures is the so-called curtaining effect, i.e., increasing surface roughness in the direction of the milling depth. The roughness of the cut can influence the result of the measurement and the segmentation process. In the present study, the authors report on two different methods to reduce the curtaining effect, namely, a hardware- and a software-based solution. For instance, Tescan implemented the so-called “rocking stage” in its plasma FIB. However, this is not available for other FIB systems. Therefore, for our FEI gallium FIB, an inhouse-developed goniometer stage is installed, which can be adapted as necessary. With this relatively inexpensive solution, the sample can be rotated around an additional axis and tilted by ±8°. Different sample heights are adjustable, and the sample's edge can be polished and imaged without stage movement. However, for automated milling and imaging procedures such as 3D tomography, such a tilting stage is not feasible. Therefore, as a second option, an image processing method is proposed that can be applied after the milling procedure on a whole image stack. A novel variation of this method for mathematical image processing is developed to reduce milling artifacts. Besides the curtaining effect, additional artifacts such as discontinuities caused by redeposition of previously removed materials or charging effects can be removed. The method is applied to the entire 3D dataset, and distortions are reduced by using information of their particular structure and directional dependence. The resulting new image stack can then be used to compose a 3D volume reconstruction. As an example, the geometries of silicon carbide particles reinforcing an aluminum matrix can be measured with nearly no milling artifacts.
Effects of cesium ion implantation on the mechanical and electrical properties of porous SiCOH low-k dielectrics
Authors: Li Weiyi , Pei Dongfei , Benjamin Daniel , Chang Jen-Yung , King Sean W. , Lin Qinghuang , Shohet J. Leon
Published: September 2017

In this work, the authors report an investigation of the effects of cesium (Cs) ion implantation on both porogen-embedded and ultraviolet (UV)-cured (porous) SiCOH films. For porogen-embedded SiCOH, it was found that Cs ion implantation can greatly improve the elastic modulus. It can also increase the time-zero dielectric breakdown (TZDB) strength. It also leads to an increase in the k-value for medium and high Cs doses, but for low Cs doses, the k-value decreased compared with its pristine counterpart. For UV-cured SiCOH, it was found that Cs-ion implantation does not improve the elastic modulus. It also leads to lower TZDB field strength and much higher k-values than its pristine counterpart. These effects can be understood by examining the changes in chemical bonds. This treatment is shown to have the potential to help solve the problem of the demand for lower k-values and the concomitant weak mechanical strength of SiCOH.
Do not cross to avoid an exacerbation
Authors: Christenson Stephanie A.
Published: September 2017

Reducing IgE with Omalizumab in children with asthma improves the plasmacytoid dendritic cell interferon response to virus in vitro.
Problems with mast transit
Authors: Levi Benjamin
Published: September 2017

Mast cell inhibition prevents heterotopic ossification in a model of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
Sirtuin Lipoamidase Activity Is Conserved in Bacteria as a Regulator of Metabolic Enzyme Complexes
Authors: Rowland Elizabeth A. , Greco Todd M. , Snowden Caroline K. , McCabe Anne L. , Silhavy Thomas J. , Cristea Ileana M.
Published: September 2017

Lipoic acid is an essential metabolic cofactor added as a posttranslational modification on several multimeric enzyme complexes. These protein complexes, evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans, are core regulators of cellular metabolism. While the multistep enzymatic process of adding lipoyl modifications has been well characterized in
Escherichia coli
, the enzyme required for the removal of these lipoyl moieties (i.e., a lipoamidase or delipoylase) has not yet been identified. Here, we describe our discovery of sirtuins as lipoamidases in bacteria and establish their conserved substrates. Specifically, by using a series of knockout, overexpression, biochemical,
in vitro
, proteomic, and functional assays, we determined the substrates of sirtuin CobB in
E. coli
as components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KDH), and glycine cleavage (GCV) complexes.
In vitro
assays provided direct evidence for this specific CobB activity and its NAD
+
dependence, a signature of all sirtuins. By designing a targeted quantitative mass spectrometry method, we further measured sirtuin-dependent, site-specific lipoylation on these substrates. The biological significance of CobB-modulated lipoylation was next established by its inhibition of both PDH and KDH activities. By restricting the carbon sources available to
E. coli
, we demonstrated that CobB regulates PDH and KDH under several growth conditions. Additionally, we found that SrtN, the sirtuin homolog in Gram-positive
Bacillus subtilis
, can also act as a lipoamidase. By demonstrating the evolutionary conservation of lipoamidase activity across sirtuin homologs, along with the conservation of common substrates, this work emphasizes the significance of protein lipoylation in regulating central metabolic processes.

IMPORTANCE
Here, we demonstrate that sirtuin lipoamidase activity exists in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and establishing its conservation from bacteria to humans. Specifically, we discovered that CobB and SrtN act as lipoamidases in
E. coli
and
B. subtilis
, respectively. Intriguingly, not only is this sirtuin enzymatic activity conserved, but also the lipoylated substrates and functions are conserved, as bacterial sirtuins negatively regulate the lipoylation levels and activities of PDH and KDH. Considering that PDH and KDH regulate two carbon entry points into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, our finding highlights lipoylation as a conserved molecular toggle that regulates central metabolic pathways. Indeed, our findings from tests in which we limited nutrient availability support this. Furthermore, this study illustrates how the integration of technologies from different disciplines provides avenues to uncover enzymatic activities at the core of cellular metabolism regulation.
Transcriptome Analysis of Polyhydroxybutyrate Cycle Mutants Reveals Discrete Loci Connecting Nitrogen Utilization and Carbon Storage in
Sinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: D’Alessio Maya , Nordeste Ricardo , Doxey Andrew C. , Charles Trevor C.
Published: September 2017

The ability of bacteria to store carbon and energy as intracellular polymers uncouples cell growth and replication from nutrient uptake and provides flexibility in the use of resources as they are available to the cell. The impact of carbon storage on cellular metabolism would be reflected in global transcription patterns. By investigating the transcriptomic effects of genetically disrupting genes involved in the PHB carbon storage cycle, we revealed a relationship between intracellular carbon storage and nitrogen metabolism. This work demonstrates the utility of combining transcriptome sequencing with metabolic pathway mutations for identifying underlying gene regulatory mechanisms.
Cranial fasciitis of childhood (CFC): an unusual clinical case of a rare disease.
Authors: Zavras Niki , Poddighe Dimitri
Published: September 2017

Cranial fasciitis of childhood (CFC) is a very uncommon tumour of the scalp, which is almost exclusively observed in the first years of life. It is a benign proliferation of fibroblasts, but its rapid growth rate may resemble a malignant disease. This disease may be suspected from clinical and radiological features, but a definitive diagnosis may be achieved only by pathological examination. We report a case whose onset was in late childhood and whose clinical and radiological characteristics were atypical.
Does internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy reduce healthcare costs and resource use in treatment of social anxiety disorder? A cost-minimisation analysis conducted alongside a randomised controlled trial
Authors: El Alaoui Samir , Hedman-Lagerlöf Erik , Ljótsson Brjánn , Lindefors Nils
Published: September 2017

Objectives

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) can be effectively treated with internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT), but studies on long-term cost minimisation from a healthcare provider perspective in comparison to an evidence-based control treatment of therapeutic equivalence are lacking. The objective of the study was to determine whether ICBT reduces healthcare costs and use of healthcare resources compared with cognitive behavioural group therapy (CBGT).

Design

A cost-minimisation study alongside a randomised controlled trial where participants (n=126) with SAD were randomised to ICBT or to CBGT. Costs measured from a healthcare provider perspective were estimated using time-driven activity-based costing alongside health status over 4 years from baseline measured with EQ-5D.

Setting

A psychiatric outpatient clinic in Stockholm, Sweden.

Participants

Participants were 126 individuals with SAD.

Primary outcome measures

Changes in EQ-5D and costs.

Interventions

Participants received either CBGT or ICBT for a duration of 15 weeks.

Results

ICBT minimised healthcare costs and demonstrated health improvements within the non-inferiority margin. Assuming a practical work capacity for personnel varying between 100%, 80% and 50% of theoretical full capacity, the cost for ICBT varied in the range between 400€, 463€ and 654 €, while the cost for CBGT varied between 699€, 806€ and 1134€. Within-group effect size was −0.36 (95% CI −0.70 to −0.01) for ICBT and −0.25 (95% CI −0.60 to 0.10) for CBGT. Mean use of effective psychologist time in ICBT was 189.60 (SD=53.77) minutes compared with 499.78 (SD=30.91) in the CBGT group.

Conclusions

In treatment of SAD, ICBT is equally effective but is associated with more efficient staff utilisation and less costs compared with CBGT. From a healthcare provider perspective, ICBT is an advantageous treatment option.

Trial registration number
Regulatory NK cells mediated between immunosuppressive monocytes and dysfunctional T cells in chronic HBV infection
Authors: Li Haijun , Zhai Naicui , Wang Zhongfeng , Song Hongxiao , Yang Yang , Cui An , Li Tianyang , Wang Guangyi , Niu Junqi , Crispe Ian Nicholas , Su Lishan , Tu Zhengkun
Published: September 2017

Background and aims

HBV infection represents a major health problem worldwide, but the immunological mechanisms by which HBV causes chronic persistent infection remain only partly understood. Recently, cell subsets with suppressive features have been recognised among monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Here we examine the effects of HBV on monocytes and NK cells.

Methods

Monocytes and NK cells derived from chronic HBV-infected patients and healthy controls were purified and characterised for phenotype, gene expression and cytokines secretion by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR, ELISA and western blotting. Culture and coculture of monocytes and NK cells were used to determine NK cell activation, using intracellular cytokines staining.

Results

In chronic HBV infection, monocytes express higher levels of PD-L1, HLA-E, interleukin (IL)-10 and TGF-β, and NK cells express higher levels of PD-1, CD94 and IL-10, compared with healthy individuals. HBV employs hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to induce suppressive monocytes with HLA-E, PD-L1, IL-10 and TGF-β expression via the MyD88/NFκB signalling pathway. HBV-treated monocytes induce NK cells to produce IL-10, via PD-L1 and HLA-E signals. Such NK cells inhibit autologous T cell activation.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal an immunosuppressive cascade, in which HBV generates suppressive monocytes, which initiate regulatory NK cells differentiation resulting in T cell inhibition.
Young adulthood and adulthood adiposity in relation to incidence of pancreatic cancer: a prospective study of 0.5 million Chinese adults and a meta-analysis
Authors: Pang Yuanjie , Holmes Michael V , Kartsonaki Christiana , Guo Yu , Yang Ling , Bian Zheng , Chen Yiping , Bragg Fiona , Iona Andri , Millwood Iona Y , Chen Junshi , Li Liming , Chen Zhengming
Published: September 2017

Background

Adult adiposity is positively associated with pancreatic cancer in Western populations. Little is known, however, about the association in China where many have lower body mass index (BMI) or about the relevance of young adulthood adiposity for pancreatic cancer in both Western and East Asian populations.

Methods

The China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) recruited 512 891 adults aged 30–79 years during 2004–2008, recording 595 incident cases of pancreatic cancer during 8-year follow-up. Cox regression yielded adjusted HRs for pancreatic cancer associated with self-reported young adulthood (mean ~25 years) BMI and with measured adulthood (mean ~52 years) BMI and other adiposity measures (eg, waist circumference (WC)). These were further meta-analysed with published prospective studies.

Results

Overall, the mean BMI (SD) was 21.9 (2.6) at age 25 years and 23.7 (3.3) kg/m2at age 52 years. Young adulthood BMI was strongly positively associated with pancreatic cancer in CKB (adjusted HR=1.36, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.61, per 5 kg/m2higher BMI) and in meta-analysis of CKB and four other studies (1.18, 1.12 to 1.24). In CKB, there was also a positive association of pancreatic cancer with adulthood BMI (1.11, 0.97 to 1.27, per 5 kg/m2), similar in magnitude to that in meta-analyses of East Asian studies using measured BMI (n=2; 1.08, 0.99 to 1.19) and of Western studies (n=25; 1.10, 1.06 to 1.12). Likewise, meta-analysis of four studies, including CKB, showed a positive association of adulthood WC with pancreatic cancer (1.10, 1.06 to 1.14, per 10 cm).

Conclusions

In both East Asian and Western populations, adiposity was positively associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, with a somewhat stronger association for young than late-life adiposity.
Improving reliability in critical healthcare sector using FAMECA methodology
Authors: Katina Polinpapilinho Freeman , Magpili-Smith Nina C
Published: September 2017

Background

Healthcare systems are critical to the well-being of the society. In such a setting, the ability of the system to perform its intended mission/function during the designed period of time (ie, reliability) is essential. However, there remains a scarcity of literature, suggesting how the concept of reliability can be addressed in the context of critical healthcare infrastructure systems.

Methods

We recognise the importance of healthcare in the context of critical infrastructures. These systems produce goods and services essential for maintaining and sustaining public well-being. We suggest the use of failure mode, effects and criticality analysis (FAMECA) approach to increase reliability in critical healthcare systems. Phases of FAMECA are described.

Results

After reviewing the application of FAMECA and describing its basics, authors describe critical healthcare sector in terms of components, organisations, management and non-healthcare interdependent systems. The resulting application indicates applicability of the approach and articulates failure modes, effects and development of possible solutions to such modes and effects to increase reliability. The presented application, however, is very general and specific case applications are needed.

Conclusions

A decision to suggest the FAMECA as a methodological approach in critical healthcare systems is pivotal to improving systems reliability and enhances the ability of the system to meet its intended missions during the designed period of time. The utility of FAMECA is found in its ability to identify potential failure modes, their effects and suggesting remedial efforts, including tools and technologies to address failure modes and their effects.
The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort study
Authors: Rusiecki Jennifer , Alexander Melannie , Schwartz Erica G , Wang Li , Weems Laura , Barrett John , Christenbury Kate , Johndrow David , Funk Renée H , Engel Lawrence S
Published: September 2017

Objectives

Long-term studies of oil spill responders are urgently needed as oil spills continue to occur. To this end, we established the prospective Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort study.

Methods

DWH oil spill responders (n=8696) and non-responders (n=44 823) who were members of the US Coast Guard (20 April–17 December 2010) were included. This cohort uses both prospective, objective health data from military medical encounters and cross-sectional survey data. Here, we describe the cohort, present adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) estimating cross-sectional associations between crude oil exposure (none, low/medium, high) and acute physical symptoms, and present adjusted relative risks (RRs) based on longitudinal medical encounter data (2010–2012) for responders/non-responders and responders exposed/not exposed to crude oil.

Results

Responders and non-responders in this large cohort (n=53 519) have similar characteristics. Crude oil exposure was reported by >50% of responders. We found statistically significant associations for crude oil exposure with coughing (PRhigh=1.78), shortness of breath (PRhigh=2.30), wheezing (PRhigh=2.32), headaches (PRhigh=1.46), light-headedness/dizziness (PRhigh=1.96), skin rash/itching (PRhigh=1.87), diarrhoea (PRhigh=1.76), stomach pain (PRhigh=1.67), nausea/vomiting (PRhigh=1.48) and painful/burning urination (PRhigh=2.89) during deployment. Longitudinal analyses revealed that responders had elevated RRs for dermal conditions (RR=1.09), as did oil-exposed responders for chronic respiratory conditions (RR=1.32), asthma (RR=1.83) and dermal conditions (RR=1.21).

Conclusions

We found positive associations between crude oil exposure and various acute physical symptoms among responders, as well as longer term health effects. This cohort is well positioned to evaluate both short-term and long-term effects of oil spill exposures using both self-reported and clinical health data.
ProNGF-p75NTR axis plays a proinflammatory role in inflamed joints: a novel pathogenic mechanism in chronic arthritis
Authors: Minnone Gaetana , Soligo Marzia , Caiello Ivan , Prencipe Giusi , Manni Luigi , Marafon Denise Pires , Magni-Manzoni Silvia , Manzo Antonio , De Benedetti Fabrizio , Bracci-Laudiero Luisa
Published: September 2017

Objective

To identify the role of mature nerve growth factor (mNGF), its immature form proNGF and their receptors in arthritis inflammation.

Methods

Real-time PCR, western blot and ELISA were performed to evaluate NGF, proNGF, their receptor and cytokine expression in synovial tissue and cells of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and controls.

Results

proNGF and not mNGF is the prevalent form measured in synovial fluids of patients with JIA and RA with synovial fibroblasts as a major source of proNGF in the inflamed synoviae. p75NTR, the specific receptor for proNGF, is the NGF receptor most expressed in mononuclear cells of patients with JIA, while TrkA is the prevalent receptor in healthy donors. In ex vivo experiments the effects of proNGF differ from those of mNGF, suggesting that the balance of p75NTR and TrkA expression represents a critical factor in regulating mNGF/proNGF functions, determining which intracellular pathways and biological activities are triggered. Contrary to NGF, proNGF administration increased inflammatory cytokines but not interleukin (IL)-10 expression, inducing a stronger activation of p38 and JNK pathways. proNGF effects depend on its binding to p75NTR, as inhibition of p75NTR with neutralising antibodies or LM11A-31 abolished proNGF-induced production of IL-6 in patients’ mononuclear cells, while inhibition of TrkA did not. There is a correlation in patients with arthritis between high p75NTR levels and severity of clinical symptoms.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that an active proNGF-p75NTR axis promotes proinflammatory mechanisms contributing to chronic tissue inflammation, and that the use of p75NTR inhibitors may represent a new therapeutic approach in chronic arthritis.
Field study on axial bearing capacity and load transfer characteristic of waveform micropile
Authors: Jang Young-Eun , Han Jin-Tae
Published: September 2017

The waveform micropile is an advanced construction method that combines the concept of the conventional micropile with the jet grouting method. This new form of micropile was developed to improve shaft resistance, and has enabled a higher bearing capacity and greater cost efficiency. Two field tests were conducted to examine field applicability and to verify the effects of bearing capacity enhancement. In particular, waveform micropile construction using the jet grouting method was performed to evaluate the viability of waveform micropile installation. After testing, the surrounding ground was excavated to check the shape of the waveform micropile. The result showed that waveform micropiles can be installed by adjusting the grouting time and pressure. In the loading tests, the bearing capacity of the waveform micropile increased by 1.4–2.3 times that of the conventional micropile, depending on the shape of the micropile. The load transfer analysis using the strain gauge data showed that the waveform micropile increases the shaft resistance in the soil layer. This not only decreases pile settlement, but also contributes to the increase of overall bearing capacity. The overall results clearly demonstrate that the waveform micropile is an enhanced construction method that can improve bearing capacity.
Neighbouring plants and perception of predation risk modulate winter browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Authors: Champagne E. , Perroud L. , Dumont A. , Tremblay J.-P. , Côté S.D.
Published: September 2017

The presence of neighbouring plants and predation risk can affect trophic interactions between plants and herbivores. We hypothesized that the relative preference for neighbouring species would determine winter herbivory and that predation risk would modulate browsing pressure. We tested these hypotheses using feeding trials in two regions with high white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) densities: Outaouais and Anticosti Island (Quebec, Canada). In each, we selected a species of interest and compared browsing rates and time spent foraging with neighbours relatively preferred or avoided. In a subexperiment, we included coyote (Canis latrans Say, 1823) urine to test for threat-sensitive foraging and interactions with neighbour effects. In Outaouais, time spent foraging on the focal species was reduced by the presence of potentially avoided neighbours and deer reduced browsing with increased perceived predation risk. On Anticosti, browsing rates on the focal species increased with avoided neighbours, with no effect of the predator urine. Anticosti deer have been in a predator-free environment for more than 120 years, likely reducing antipredator behaviours. This study demonstrates both neighbour effects and threat-sensitive foraging, phenomena that could interact and thus would benefit from being studied together to better represent trophic interactions in natural environments.
Four-dimensional quantum oscillator and magnetic monopole with U(1) dynamical group
Authors: Bakhshi Z. , Panahi H. , Golchehre S. G.
Published: September 2017

By using an appropriate transformation, it was shown that the quantum system of four-dimensional (4D) simple harmonic oscillator can describe the motion of a charged particle in the presence of a magnetic monopole field. It was shown that the Dirac magnetic monopole has the hidden algebra of U(1) symmetry and by reducing the dimensions of space, the U(1) × U(1) dynamical group for 4D harmonic oscillator quantum system was obtained. Using the group representation and based on explicit solution of the obtained differential equation, the spectrum of system was calculated.
Enhancing the Performance of Biogeography‐Based Optimization Using Multitopology and Quantitative Orthogonal Learning
Authors: Wen Siao , Chen Jinfu , Li Yinhong , Shi Dongyuan , Duan Xianzhong
Published: September 2017

Two defects of biogeography‐based optimization (BBO) are found out by analyzing the characteristics of its dominant migration operator. One is that, due to global topology and direct‐copying migration strategy, information in several good‐quality habitats tends to be copied to the whole habitats rapidly, which would lead to premature convergence. The other is that the generated solutions by migration process are distributed only in some specific regions so that many other areas where competitive solutions may exist cannot be investigated. To remedy the former, a new migration operator precisely developed by modifying topology and copy mode is introduced to BBO. Additionally, diversity mechanism is proposed. To remedy the latter defect, quantitative orthogonal learning process accomplished based on space quantizing and orthogonal design is proposed. It aims to investigate the feasible region thoroughly so that more competitive solutions can be obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is verified on a set of benchmark functions with diverse characteristics. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method has merits regarding solution quality, convergence performance, and so on, compared with basic BBO, five BBO variant algorithms, seven orthogonal learning‐based algorithms, and other non‐OL‐based evolutionary algorithms. The effects of each improved component are also analyzed.
Comparison Study of Voltammetric Behavior of Muscle Relaxant Dantrolene Sodium on Silver Solid Amalgam and Bismuth Film Electrodes
Authors: Šelešovská Renáta , Martinková Pavlína , Štěpánková Michaela , Navrátil Tomáš , Chýlková Jaromíra
Published: September 2017

Voltammetric behavior of muscle relaxant dantrolene sodium (DAN) was studied and the voltammetric methods for its determination using polished and mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrodes (p-AgSAE and m-AgSAE) as well as using bismuth film electrode (BiFE, ex situ plating on GCE) have been proposed. These working electrodes represent the most commonly used alternatives to mercury ones which come wrongfully into disfavor because of alleged toxicity of mercury. Within this work, the obtained results of DAN determination have been completed by corresponding statistical parameters and also some electrochemical characteristics of AgSAEs and BiFE were assessed, especially in comparison with the mercury electrodes.
The Coupling Effect of Rainfall and Reservoir Water Level Decline on the Baijiabao Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China
Authors: Zhao Nenghao , Hu Bin , Yi Qinglin , Yao Wenmin , Ma Chong
Published: September 2017

Rainfall and reservoir level fluctuation are two of the main factors contributing to reservoir landslides. However, in China’s Three Gorges Reservoir Area, when the reservoir water level fluctuates significantly, it comes at a time of abundant rainfall, which makes it difficult to distinguish which factor dominates the deformation of the landslide. This study focuses on how rainfall and reservoir water level decline affect the seepage and displacement field of Baijiabao landslide spatially and temporally during drawdown of reservoir water level in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, thus exploring its movement mechanism. The monitoring data of the landslide in the past 10 years were analyzed, and the correlation between rainfall, reservoir water level decline, and landslide displacement was clarified. By the numerical simulation method, the deformation evolution mechanism of this landslide during drawdown of reservoir water level was revealed, respectively, under three conditions, namely, rainfall, reservoir water level decline, and coupling of the above two conditions. The results showed that the deformation of the Baijiabao landslide was the coupling effect of rainfall and reservoir water level decline, while the latter effect is more pronounced.
Estimation of Distribution Algorithm Using Correlation between Binary Elements: A New Binary‐Code Metaheuristic
Authors: Pholdee Nantiwat , Bureerat Sujin
Published: September 2017

A new metaheuristic called estimation of distribution algorithm using correlation between binary elements (EDACE) is proposed. The method searches for optima using a binary string to represent a design solution. A matrix for correlation between binary elements of a design solution is used to represent a binary population. Optimisation search is achieved by iteratively updating such a matrix. The performance assessment is conducted by comparing the new algorithm with existing binary‐code metaheuristics including a genetic algorithm, a univariate marginal distribution algorithm, population‐based incremental learning, binary particle swarm optimisation, and binary simulated annealing by using the test problems of CEC2015 competition and one real‐world application which is an optimal flight control problem. The comparative results show that the new algorithm is competitive with other established binary‐code metaheuristics.
The Synthetic Lignan Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside Prevents Asbestos‐Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Murine Macrophages
Authors: Pietrofesa Ralph A. , Woodruff Patrick , Hwang Wei-Ting , Patel Priyal , Chatterjee Shampa , Albelda Steven M. , Christofidou-Solomidou Melpo
Published: September 2017

Background. The interaction of asbestos with macrophages drives two key processes that are linked to malignancy: (1) the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and (2) the activation of an inflammation cascade that drives acute and chronic inflammation, with the NLRP3 inflammasome playing a key role. Synthetic secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), LGM2605, is a nontoxic lignan with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties and was evaluated for protection from asbestos in murine peritoneal macrophages (MF). Methods. MFs were exposed to crocidolite asbestos ± LGM2605 given 4 hours prior to exposure and evaluated at various times for NLRP3 expression, secretion of inflammasome‐activated cytokines (IL‐1β and IL‐18), proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, TNFα, and HMGB1), NF‐κB activation, and levels of total nitrates/nitrites. Results. Asbestos induces a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the NLRP3 subunit, release of proinflammatory cytokines, NLRP3‐activated cytokines, NF‐κB, and levels of nitrates/nitrites. LGM2605 significantly reduced NLRP3 ranging from 40 to 81%, IL‐1β by 89–96%, and TNFα by 67–78%, as well as activated NF‐κB by 48‐49% while decreasing levels of nitrates/nitrites by 85–93%. Conclusions. LGM2605 reduced asbestos‐induced NLRP3 expression, proinflammatory cytokine release, NF‐κB activation, and nitrosative stress in MFs supporting its possible use in preventing the asbestos‐induced inflammatory cascade leading to malignancy.
Take-Home Trial Comparing Fast Fourier Transformation-Based and Filter Bank-Based Cochlear Implant Speech Coding Strategies
Authors: de Jong Monique A. M. , Briaire Jeroen J. , Frijns Johan H. M.
Published: September 2017

Previous studies have demonstrated no improved or deteriorated speech intelligibility with the HiResolution Fidelity 120™ speech coding strategy (HiResF120) over the original HiRes strategy. Improved spectral and deteriorated temporal sensitivities have been shown, making it plausible that the beneficial effect in the spectral domain was offset by the worsened temporal sensitivity. We hypothesize that the implementation of fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing, instead of the traditionally used bandpass filters, explains the reduction of temporal sensitivity. In this study, spectral ripple discrimination, temporal modulation detection, and speech intelligibility in noise were assessed in a two-week take-home trial with 3 speech coding strategies: one with conventional bandpass filters (HiRes), one with FFT-based filters (HiRes FFT), and one with FFT-based filters and current steering (HiRes Optima). One participant dropped out due to discomfort with both research programs. The 10 remaining participants performed equally well on all tasks with all three speech coding strategies, implying that FFT processing does not change the ability of CI recipients to discriminate spectral or temporal information or speech understanding.
Tapered, Double-Lead Threads Single Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Sockets and Healed Sites of the Posterior Jaws: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial with 1 to 3 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Cucchi Alessandro , Vignudelli Elisabetta , Franco Simonetta , Levrini Luca , Castellani Dario , Pagliani Luca , Rea Massimiliano , Modena Claudio , Sandri Giulio , Longhi Carlo
Published: September 2017

Purpose. To evaluate the survival, success, and complication rates of tapered double-lead threads single implants, placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites of the posterior jaws. Methods. The enrolled patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: in the test group (TG), all implants were inserted at the time of tooth extraction; in the control group (CG), all implants were placed 3 months after extraction. The implants were followed for a period of 1 to 3 years after loading. The main outcomes were implant survival, complications, and implant-crown success. Results. Ninety-two patients had 97 installed implants (49 in the TG, 48 in the CG). Only two implants failed, in the TG; the survival rates were therefore 95.9% (47/49) and 100% (48/48) for TG and CG, respectively. In the surviving implants, no complications were reported, for an implant-crown success of 100%. Conclusions. Although a significant difference was found in the levels of primary stability between TG and CG, single implants placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed sites of the posterior jaws had similar survival and complication rates. Crestal bone levels and peri-implant bone resorption showed similar values. A longer follow-up period is however required, to confirm these positive outcomes.
Bubble Flow Analysis of High Speed Cylindrical Roller Bearing under Fluid-Solid Thermal Coupling
Authors: Cui Li , Wang Wenxia , Yanlei Zhang
Published: September 2017

Heat generation model of high speed cylindrical roller bearing is constructed by calculating the local friction in the bearing. Bubble flow calculation model of roller bearing considering fluid-solid thermal coupling is constructed based on two-body fluid model and k-ε turbulent model, in which diameter and size of bubbles, breakup, and coalescence model of bubbles are considered. Using dynamic mesh method, a new method for evaluating bearing temperature is set up treating the rolling elements as moving heat sources. Based on these models and finite element method, bubble flow of a high speed roller bearing is studied based on FLUENT software. The numerical study reveals the relationship between velocity of bearing, air volume fraction, and velocity and pressure of oil-air flow. An increase of air content in the oil produces a lower pressure at the bearing outlet while the exit fluid velocity increases. When fluid-solid thermal coupling effect is considered, velocity and pressure at outlet of the bearing both become larger, while temperature of bearing is lower than that without coupling. In comparison, the coupling effects on flow pressure and temperature are obvious. For a given rotating speed, there is an optimal value for air volume fraction, such that temperature rise of the bearing reaches the lowest value. Experiments verify the outcomes of the method presented in this paper.
Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT) of Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Diot Gael , Metz Stephan , Noske Aurelia , Liapis Evangelos , Schroeder Barbara , Ovsepian Saak V. , Meier Reinhard , Rummeny Ernst , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: September 2017

Purpose: In a pilot study, we introduce fast handheld multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) of the breast at 28 wavelengths, aiming to identify high-resolution optoacoustic (photoacoustic) patterns of breast cancer and noncancerous breast tissue.

Experimental Design: We imaged 10 female patients ages 48–81 years with malignant nonspecific breast cancer or invasive lobular carcinoma. Three healthy volunteers ages 31–36 years were also imaged. Fast-MSOT was based on unique single-frame-per-pulse (SFPP) image acquisition employed to improve the accuracy of spectral differentiation over using a small number of wavelengths. Breast tissue was illuminated at the 700–970 nm spectral range over 0.56 seconds total scan time. MSOT data were guided by ultrasonography and X-ray mammography or MRI.

Results: The extended spectral range allowed the computation of oxygenated hemoglobin (HBO2), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HB), total blood volume (TBV), lipid, and water contributions, allowing first insights into in vivo high-resolution breast tissue MSOT cancer patterns. TBV and Hb/HBO2 images resolved marked differences between cancer and control tissue, manifested as a vessel-rich tumor periphery with highly heterogeneous spatial appearance compared with healthy tissue. We observe significant TBV variations between different tumors and between tumors over healthy tissues. Water and fat lipid layers appear disrupted in cancer versus healthy tissue; however, offer weaker contrast compared with TBV images.

Conclusions: In contrast to optical methods, MSOT resolves physiologic cancer features with high resolution and revealed patterns not offered by other radiologic modalities. The new features relate to personalized and precision medicine potential. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6912–22. ©2017 AACR.
Genomic Characterization of Vulvar (Pre)cancers Identifies Distinct Molecular Subtypes with Prognostic Significance
Authors: Nooij Linda S. , ter Haar Natalja T. , Ruano Dina , Rakislova Natalia , van Wezel Tom , Smit Vincent T.H.B.M. , Trimbos Baptist J.B.M.Z. , Ordi Jaume , van Poelgeest Mariette I.E. , Bosse Tjalling
Published: September 2017

Purpose: Vulvar cancer (VC) can be subclassified by human papillomavirus (HPV) status. HPV-negative VCs frequently harbor TP53 mutations; however, in-depth analysis of other potential molecular genetic alterations is lacking. We comprehensively assessed somatic mutations in a large series of vulvar (pre)cancers.

Experimental Design: We performed targeted next-generation sequencing (17 genes), p53 immunohistochemistry and HPV testing on 36 VC and 82 precursors (sequencing cohort). Subsequently, the prognostic significance of the three subtypes identified in the sequencing cohort was assessed in a series of 236 VC patients (follow-up cohort).

Results: Frequent recurrent mutations were identified in HPV-negative vulvar (pre)cancers in TP53 (42% and 68%), NOTCH1 (28% and 41%), and HRAS (20% and 31%). Mutation frequency in HPV-positive vulvar (pre)cancers was significantly lower (P = 0.001). Furthermore, a substantial subset of the HPV-negative precursors (35/60, 58.3%) and VC (10/29, 34.5%) were TP53 wild-type (wt), suggesting a third, not-previously described, molecular subtype. Clinical outcomes in the three different subtypes (HPV+, HPV−/p53wt, HPV−/p53abn) were evaluated in a follow-up cohort consisting of 236 VC patients. Local recurrence rate was 5.3% for HPV+, 16.3% for HPV−/p53wt and 22.6% for HPV−/p53abn tumors (P = 0.044). HPV positivity remained an independent prognostic factor for favorable outcome in the multivariable analysis (P = 0.020).

Conclusions: HPV− and HPV+ vulvar (pre)cancers display striking differences in somatic mutation patterns. HPV−/p53wt VC appear to be a distinct clinicopathologic subgroup with frequent NOTCH1 mutations. HPV+ VC have a significantly lower local recurrence rate, independent of clinicopathological variables, opening opportunities for reducing overtreatment in VC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6781–9. ©2017 AACR.