bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Possibilities of Improving Communication Skills in the Training of Engineering Students
Authors: Holik Ildikó , Sanda István Dániel
Published: October 2020

New graduates have to meet several expectations on the labour market. Besides their professional knowledge, important skills include good communication, problem-solving, creativity, independence, organisation, leadership, decisive action, dynamism, stress tolerance, analysis, precision, openness, flexibility, co-operation, motivation, digital competence, etc. How can higher education prepare young people for the expectations of the labour market? How can students’ social competences and communication skills be improved? Our paper provides methodological recommendations on improving engineering students’ communication skills, based on an empirical study.
Joy of Learning Through Internet Memes
Authors: Reddy Rishabh , Singh Rishabh , Kapoor Vidhi , Churi Prathamesh P
Published: October 2020

The currency of today’s social media is influence. The influence is any action or reaction by which you can drive your thoughts on people’s mind through social platforms. Internet memes are getting very popular in today’s generation. With the rise of technology and technological devices, the ability of concentration of young minds has drastically reduced. In a typical case, the classroom-based teaching tools like blackboard, PPT, videos are no more appreciated by the newer generation. This is because today's generation is practical oriented and wants skills to acquire and do not want traditional teaching which enforce memory rather than knowledge. They want class-room-based teaching methods to be innovative. Looking at the popularity of the memes, the paper shares and experiences of use of internet memes from existing papers available on the internet. Based on the available literature survey, the two research questions were formed in order to examine the perception on memes in student’s mind. The survey of 201 student population is statistically analysed and hypothesis testing was also conducted. It is over-served that students are more positively agree to use of memes in classroom teaching. Another viewpoint in this paper is the use of memes are incorporated in test papers. The acceptance of inclusion of memes in mid-term test papers proves that learning through memes is now new normal in today’s generation.
Desafios na proteção às mulheres em situação de violência no contexto de pandemia da covid-19/Protection of women in situations of violence in the context of the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ferreira Cortes Laura , Arboit Jaqueline , Geovana Smaniotto Gehlen Rubia , Tasqueto Tassinari Taís , Becker Vieira Letícia , Maris de Mello Padoin Stela , Celeste Landerdahl Maria
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Discutir os desafios da garantia de proteção às mulheres em situação de violência no contexto de pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Ensaio teórico-reflexivo. A partir do arcabouço teórico da rota crítica das mulheres em situação de violência e dos marcadores sociais de diferença, entrelaçados com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, foram tecidos nexos com o contexto do distanciamento social desencadeado pela pandemia. Desenvolvimento: o contexto da pandemia implicou no convívio prolongado com parceiros, possibilitando que a violência contra as mulheres se intensificasse. Além disso, a restrição do convívio e do apoio social pelo distanciamento, aliado às barreiras de acesso e acolhimento nos serviços, influenciou negativamente na rota crítica das mulheres. Os marcadores sociais de diferenças devem subsidiar o planejamento das ações em rede intersetorial, com base nos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Considerações Finais: a pandemia contribuiu para a permanência da mulher na situação de violência, o que indica a necessidade de proteção. É imprescindível o fortalecimento de políticas públicas de proteção pautadas em rede intersetorial, bem como a ativação de uma rede de cuidado no contexto de pandemia e pós-pandemia.
FOOD SAFETY IN PANDEMIC TIMES: COVID-19
Authors: Cristina Sola Marília , Antunha de Freitas Alves Fernanda
Published: October 2020

Food directly influences consumers' life quality. Therefore, in order to guarantee food quality and safety, it is necessary to develop better control methods for raw material, processing, transport, marketing and preparation of food. Once contaminated by microorganisms, food can promote the occurrence of diseases, generating an impact on public health. Since the emergence of COVID-19,  the role of food in its transmission and dissemination among humans has been questioned. Despite the possible correlation of the disease with an animal source, there is still no precise information on the origin and transmission of the pathogen. Most infections are respiratory and can cause mild conditions up to acute severe respiratory syndrome, the main symptoms being fever, cough and difficulty to breath. There are no evidences that SARS-CoV-2 is carried by food or packaging. Thus, probably, or the virus is transmitted between people by secretions or indirectly by contaminated surfaces. Despite the lack of information on the potential risk of food consumed, avoid the consumption of uninspected, raw or undercooked food and food-related services must prioritize hygiene standards, a risk of avoiding cross-contamination.
PHYSIOPATOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COVID-19 IN HUMANS
Authors: De Oliveira Torres Carrasco Adriano , Christina Seki Meire , Mitalli Tomacheuski Rubia , Cristina Mazzucatto Barbara
Published: October 2020

In December 2019, the largest epidemic associated with a Coronavirus began, SARS-CoV-2 (better known as COVID-19, or Coronavirus Disease / 2019). The first focus was in Hubei province, China, and since then it has spread throughout the world, reaching, until April 2020, almost 2.8 million people and approximately 193 thousand deaths worldwide. The agent causes respiratory, hemodynamic, digestive and inflammatory disorders, which can lead to death in any individual, although the lethality rate is higher in individuals over 60 years and with some comorbidity, such as diabetes or previous cardiac problems. The present study describes the pathogenesis of the agent and the anatomopathological lesions induced by COVID-19 in humans.
POTENTIAL THERAPIES FOR TREATMENT OF COVID-19
Authors: Gasser Beatriz , Andres Ramirez Uscategui Ricardo
Published: October 2020

Since discovery of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December of 2019, this viral pneumonia originated in Wuhan, China quickly spread around the world. This new disease, called COVID-19 can cause Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to an uncontrolled inflammatory response like sepsis, that leads to multiple organ failure and even death. Several pharmacotherapeutics alternatives are being tested over the world, looking for most diverse drugs that might be able to fight the infection. The objective of this paper is to review the main pharmacotherapeutics techniques development, as remdesivir, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir plus ritonavir, interferon-β, ivermectin, anticoagulants, convalescent plasma and vaccine, currently undergoing clinical trials in order to evaluate its effectiveness and safety to combat the COVID-19, presenting their characteristics, possible adverse effects and main scientific findings of its potential action. In conclusion, some therapies presented promising in-vitro results or in the treatment of some patients, nonetheless, multicentric blinded placebo controlled clinical trials are necessary to determine their effectiveness, safety, dosage, and best time point of treatment.
Rhizobia inhabiting Gliricidia sepium in Puttalam district of Sri Lanka: assessment of stress tolerance and genetic diversity
Authors: Nandadeva S. A. N. , Samarakoon S. M. N. S. , Rajapakse Sanath
Published: October 2020

Legume-rhizobia symbiosis has received higher attention asit enhances soil nutrition through the biological nitrogen fixation.However, stress factors such as excess salts, drought, acidity, alkalinity,and temperature etc. suppress the growth and symbiotic characteristicsof rhizobia. Identification of stress tolerant rhizobial strains and theirgenetic diversity which influence the efficiency of nitrogen fixation in Gliricidia sepium is poorly studied. This study mainlyfocused on the characterization and identification of stress-tolerant rhizobial strains that were isolated from five rootnodules of G. sepium from seven selected locations (Anamaduwa, Chilaw, Vanathawilluwa, Saliyawewa, Etiyawala,Palaviya, Kurinchanpitiya) of Puttalam district in Sri Lanka. Isolates were separately subjected to four different stressconditions, namely, pH (3.0 - 9.0), temperature (25°C - 45°C), salinity induced by NaCl concentrations ranging from 0.1%to 3.0%, and drought induced by polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG-8000) concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.4%.Rhizobial strains isolated from Anamaduwa, Chilaw and Kurinchanpitiya such as An-3, An-4, An-5, Ch-1, Ch-4, Ch-5, Ku-2 and Ku-5 showed tolerance for alkaline pH (8.0 and 9.0) and extreme drought conditions (3.0% and 4.0% of PEG-8000).But their growth was adversely affected by acidic pH conditions (pH 3.0 and 4.0). Most of the rhizobial strains exceptstrains in Etiyawala were moderately tolerant to extreme salt concentrations (2.5% - 3.0% of NaCl) and extremetemperature levels (40- 45ºC). In the graphical interpretation, no growth pattern was observed with respect to fourphysiological conditions. Thirteen strains that were selected from the statistical analysis dis-played higher survivalcapacity when the combination of different stress conditions was applied. As 13 rhizobial strains showed differentbanding patterns in the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) profile, they belonged to 09 clusters atthe 66.67% similarity level. Furthermore, these stress-tolerant rhizobial strains can be used to further studies on cross-inoculation of crop legumes as an alternative substitution for the vast usage of chemical ni-trogen fertilizers.
Fruit ripening: importance of artificial fruit ripening in commercial agriculture and safe use of the technology for consumer health
Authors: Hewajulige I. G. N. , Premaseela H. D. S. R.
Published: October 2020

Fruit ripening is the final phase of fruit development, which results in various physicochemical, nutritional and organoleptic changes of fruits including changes in taste, texture, appearance and aroma. Ethylene (C2H4), which is a gaseous plant hormone, plays a key regulatory role in fruit ripening. Ethylene is described as an autocatalytic agent as the exposure of fruits to small quantity of ethylene could induce the production of its own ethylene in larger quantities. Various changes in the matrix of the fruit tissues such as breakdown of chlorophyll, conversion of starch into sugars, large organic compounds to small organic compounds, and pectin to less soluble forms take place triggered by such ethylene produced within the fruit. However, due to the soft nature, the naturally-ripened fruits may be subjected to mechanical damages during transportation leading to loss of consumer attraction. Therefore, mature fruits are ripened artificially before sale to meet the increasing demand and to ensure their cosmetic appearance. Many fruit wholesalers make fruits ripen using artificial ripening agents’ such as calcium carbide, ethylene, ethephon and smoke. Most of the chemicals used as ripening agents accelerate fruit ripening, change the nutritional quality of fruits and are harmful for human health. Therefore, it is important to build an awareness among fruit producers, traders and consumers on the correct selection and use of fruit ripening methods. This review discusses the research-based knowledge shared across the world on fruit ripening, major physicochemical changes in the fruits during the ripening process, commercial ripening agents, and how such different ripening agents affect the fruit quality and consumer health.
Assessing Vitamin D and Mammographic Breast Density in Alaskan Women
Authors: Duma Narjust , Croghan Ivana , Jenkins Sarah , Vachon Celine , Neal Loni , Ghosh Karthik , Pruthi Sandhya
Published: October 2020

Vitamin D deficiency and high breast density may be associated with increased breast cancer risk. We examined a possible association between vitamin D levels and mammographic breast density in a population of Alaskan women. Patients seen in the Mayo Clinic-Alaska Native Medical Center telemedicine program from December 2014 to December 2017 were enrolled in the study. Pearson correlation was used to estimate the association between mammographic breast density and vitamin D levels. Of the 33 women enrolled, 70% of women self-identified as American Indian/Alaskan Native, 12% as White, 6% as Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and 12% as other. Nineteen (58%) participants were taking vitamin D supplementation. No correlation was identified between breast density and serum vitamin D levels overall (correlation= –0.03). Larger studies controlling for vitamin supplementation are needed, as this association could potentially impact breast cancer rates in populations at risk for vitamin D deficiency.
Applying Systems Thinking and Human-Centered Design to Development of Intervention Implementation Strategies: An Example from Adolescent Health Research
Authors: Shrier Lydia A. , Burke Pamela J. , Jonestrask Cassandra , Katz-Wise Sabra L.
Published: October 2020

Introducing innovative health interventions into clinic settings requires a comprehensive and creative approach to multiple implementation challenges. To optimize implementation of a sexual and reproductive health intervention for young women with depression, we applied systems thinking and human-centered design thinking methods to develop tools and strategies to address issues influencing intervention implementation in diverse clinics. We recruited staff from three clinics that provide sexual and reproductive health and behavioral health care to young women. Across five sessions (four video conference calls, one in-person workshop), we used systems mapping to identify key stakeholders and their relationships, processes, and challenges to care; formed clinic staff-investigator design teams; brainstormed about challenges that would influence intervention implementation and considered potential solutions; prioritized implementation challenges; and designed prototypes of solutions. Participants responded positively to the systems thinking perspective and collaborative design thinking process. Findings included generalizable considerations about solving implementation challenges for clinic-based interventions, such as forming a team of champions representing the diverse disciplines involved in and impacted by intervention implementation, and creating multiple tools and strategies for implementation that can be tailored to a given clinic's culture.
The factor type of dissipative KMS weights on graph $C$*-algebras
Authors: Thomsen Klaus
Published: October 2020

We calculate the

S

-invariant of Connes for the von Neumann algebra factors arising from KMS weights of a generalized gauge action on a simple graph

C

*-algebra when the associated measure on the infinite path space of the graph is dissipative under the action of the shift.
Antibacterial screening of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date palm) seed extracts on some bacterial isolates associated with dental caries
Authors: Adedayo MR , Ajiboye AE , Adetula FE
Published: October 2020

Dental diseases refer to conditions of deterioration and disintegration of the oral cavity due to the activities of pathogenic microbes. This study was carried out to determine the antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date palm) seed on selected bacteria isolates associated with dental caries namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. Bioactive components of the seed were extracted using water and ethanol as solvents. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was examined by agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were also determined using standard methods. All extracts were active against the tested isolates at the concentrations examined. L. casei was the most susceptible organism followed by S. mutans. S. aureus was the least susceptible. Ethanolic extract was more effective than aqueous extract at all the concentrations tested in the study. The MIC of aqueous and ethanolic extracts was 20 mg/ml while the MBC was 80 mg/ml respectively against all the bacterial isolates tested. It can be concluded that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the seed possess antibacterial potential against all the test organisms and could be useful in treatment of dental diseases and other related diseases caused by the bacteria isolates tested in the study.
Título en español.
Authors: Socorro Gaztambide de Urrutia
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: J. A. Bonnet  , M. A. Lugo López  , F. Abruña
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se informan las capacidades totales de intercambio para 81 muestras de suelos en Puerto Rico y los cationes intercambiables: calcio, magnesio, potasio, y sodio, para 30 muestras de suelos. Los suelos analizados representan los siguientes 13 grupos: Rendzina, Wiesenboden, Rojos Pardos, Rojos Castaños, Rojos de Pradera, Podsólicos Gris Pardos, Podsólicos Rojos y Amarillos, Lateríticos Rojizos Pardos, Lateríticos Amarillentos Pardos, Lateritas Hidropédicas, Laterita, Litosoles y Aluviones. Se informa también el contenido de bases intercambiables para algunos suelos en el grupo Chernozem. El valor más alto que se obtuvo para la capacidad total de intercambio fué de 64 miliequivalentes por 100 gramos de tierra seca para un Rendzina y el más bajo fué de 2 m.e. para un suelo laterítico. Hay una variación grande entre los valores mínimos y máximos de la capacidad total de intercambio para varios de los grupos de suelos. El proceso de meteorización ha sido activo en los suelos Podsólicos y más aún en el grupo de los Lateríticos. El valor más alto para el total de bases intercambiables fué de 60 m.e. para un suelo de aluvión y el más bajo fué de 2 m.e. para un suelo laterítico con 80 y 32 porcientos, respectivos, de calcio intercambiable.
Título en español.
Authors: José D. Rivera Anaya  , José Martínez de Jesús
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Mario E. Pérez
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: Julio Bird  , José Adsuar
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: L. Rivera Brenes  , F. J. Marchán  , J. I. Cabrera
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
Título en español.
Authors: M. A. Lugo López  , F. Abruña  , J. Roldán
Published: October 2020

La cantidad de cal necesaria para subir el pH de varios suelos ácidos de Puerto Rico hasta 6.5 fluctúa entre varios cientos y varios miles de libras. Para investigar la relación entre el mineral predominante en la fracción arcillosa del suelo, el contenido de arcilla, la capacidad de intercambio, el contenido de materia orgánica, el valor pH y la cantidad de cal requerida, fuéque se determinaron estos factores en el laboratorio. Se obtuvo una regresión altamente significativa entre cal requerida y pH que se puede expresar por la ecuación: Y = 18.39 — 3.196 X, donde Y es la cal requerida y X es el valor pH. No hubo un aumento significativo en la variabilidad explicada por la regresión al incluir otros factores. Los datos se agruparon, luego, de acuerdo con el mineral predominante en la fracción arcillosa. Para suelos donde predomina el caolín se encontraron correlaciones altamente significativas entre cal requerida y pH, y entre cal requerida y capacidad de intercambio. Las regresiones se pueden expresar así: (a) Y = 15.26 - 2.632 pH, (b) Y = 3.048 + 0.5774 (capacidad de intercambio) donde Y representa la cantidad de cal requerida para subir el pH del suelo a 6.5. Un intento para establecer una correlación entre la cantidad de cal requerida y ambos factores no aumentó significativamente la variabilidad explicada por la regresión sobre la explicada por la segunda ecuación (b). No se obtuvieron regresiones significativas en el caso de los suelos cuya fracción arcillosa estaba dominada por la beidelita.
Título en español.
Authors: M. A. Lugo López  , M. B. Martínez  , A. R. Riera
Published: October 2020

En este trabajo se informan los resultados de un reconocimiento preliminar de los suelos de la zona este-central de Puerto Rico. Incluye el informe observaciones hechas en varias trincheras preparadas para el estudio. Incluye, además, los resultados de varias pruebas de infiltración que se hicieron en los tipos de suelos más importantes del área. Se presentan datos de laboratorio, tales como determinaciones de materia orgánica, pH, nitrógeno y capacidad total de intercambio. También se presentan datos sobre las siguientes determinaciones hechas en columnas de suelo en su estado natural que se obtuvieron con una máquina especial del tipo desarrollado por Kelly en Utah: permeabilidad, agua removida en 15 minutos a una tensión de 60 centímetros, agua retenida a pF 1.78, saturación máxima y peso por volumen. Se presenta también información sobre el agua retenida a pF 2.7 y a pF 4.2, el agua aprovechable, la porosidad total y la proporción de poros gruesos. Los suelos de la región este-central de Puerto Rico son bastante profundos, de textura mediana o pesada, ácidos y de una fertilidad baja o mediana. Generalmente, no están bien provistos de materia orgánica y nitrógeno. En muchos casos, se encuentran relativamente cerca de la superficie subsuelos compactos y pesados que reducen considerablemente la permeabilidad del perfil, restringiendo el desagüe. Los estudios de laboratorio han confirmado las observaciones de campo de que la mayoría de los suelos de esta zona tienen una capacidad moderadamente alta para retener el agua a tensiones lo suficientemente bajas, de modo que las plantas la puedan utilizar eficientemente.
THE HANDLING OF SUGARCANE TRASH I. YIELD AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Landrau, Jr. Pablo , Samuels George
Published: October 2020

1. Experiments on handling of sugarcane trash were established at Río Piedras and Isabela, with treatments consisting of burning, burying, and aligning the trash. 2. In Río Piedras there was no difference in sugarcane yields that could be attributed to any of the treatments until the fifth and six ratoon. Here significant differences in yields were obtained from aligning trash accompanied with burning or burying it. 3. At Isabela, no differences in yields were obtained for four crops of a plant cane, two ratoons, and a plant cane. No manipulation of the trash gave yields equal to aligning, burning, or burying it. 4. Field observations indicated that weeding costs were greater when the trash was burned or buried, as compared with aligning or with no manipulation of the trash. 5. The various practices and their value from the standpoint of yields, costs of cultivation, and soil erosion value are discussed. The general recommendation from present data for Puerto Rico is that the sugarcane trash should be aligned.
¿Para que existen las empresas?
Authors: Tedesco Marcelo Sebastián
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo se centra en explicar, de acuerdo con la literatura disponible y dominante, la concepción generalizada sobre la naturaleza de la empresa dentro del sistema capitalista, así como esta y no necesariamente el sistema, ha sido factor fundamental en el incremento de la desigualdad y el daño al medio ambiente. A partir de evidencia empírica el autor también explica como la concepción sobre esta naturaleza ha llevado a la empresa y a sus integrantes al grado abstraerse de la sociedad a la que pertenecen. Finalmente hace una nueva propuesta sobre la naturaleza de la empresa y su propósito, necesaria para los tiempos que transcurren y los desafíos que enfrente la humanidad.
التأمين المعاصر: الصور والبدائل والأحكام
Authors: مرشد عبده عامر عبد الوهاب مهيوب , زكريا حبيب الله
Published: October 2020

فكرة التأمين جاءت نتيجة لإحجام كثير من رؤساء الأموال عن التجارة بسبب المخاطرة وبسبب حوادث الخسارة، حتى تخفف خوف الخطـر المحتمل من الحريق، والتلف، والغرق، والانهيار، وحدوث واقعة محتملة غير متوقعة يذهب فيه راس المال، وأول ما نشاة التامين في اورباء نتيجة لاحجام رؤساء الاموال عن الاستثمار وهذا بدوره ادى التاثير على الاقتصاد القومي وعلى إثره عمل المفكرون على إنشاء شركات التأمين التقليدي حتى تضمن للتاجر المتاجرة وتؤمن له الخسارة للأقدار الطارئة مقابل مبلغ من المال يدفعه اشتراك يقدمه لشركة التأمين وتقوم بتعويضه إذا حصل له خسارة، وتأثرت الدول الإسلامية تباعا بهذه الشركات، وفي الآونة الأخيرة شغل التامين حيزاً كبيراً باهتمام رجال الأعمال في الأنشطة التجارية والصناعية والخدمية وغيرها، ومن الأسباب التي أدت إلى انتشار التأمين التجاري في البلدان الإسلامية العولمة التجارية، والبديل الإسلامي عقود التأمين التعاوني أو التكافلي ؛الذي يهدف إلى تقديم الخدمة الأتمانية بطريقة تعاونية مشروعة خالية من الغرر والربا وسائر المحظورات، وعلى فكرة التعاون بين مجموعة من الأفراد على أساس التعاون والتكافل والتضامن لاحتمال حدوث الكوارث والتعويض للمخاطر في الحياة العملية، وعن طريق التامين توزيع المخاطر بالتكافل فهو نظام يهدف إلى تفتيت آثار المخاطر المادية عن طريق توزيعها بين أكبر عدد من الأفراد في حالة حدوث الضـرر، والتامين التعاوني من العادات المنتشرة في المجتمعات ومنها الجمعيات الخيرية التي تنشأ بين أهل القرى والمدن بحيث يرتبون على كل مشترك مبلغاً ماليا معيناً يوضع في صندوق للطوارئ حيث يصرف منه لمن أصيب بحاثة وغرم تحفيفا لما نزل به، وأيضا أعمال الجمعيات التعاونية التي تنشأ بين الموظفين للطوارئ الذي يسهم فيه كل موظف بمبلغ معين، ويعطي منه المحتاج الذي تنزل به مصيبة
Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Hukum Adat dalam Mewujudkan Kedaulatan Pangan Ditengah Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Rato Dominikus , Utomo Laksanto , Jayantiari I Gusti Agung Mas Rwa , Bustami Simona , Tehupeiory Aartje , Trisia Marlisa Ayu , Nur Abdul Rahman , . Marthin , Jamin Mohammad , . Yulia , Gultom Elfrida Ratnawati , Warjiyati Sri , . Suyanto , Prihastuti Diane , Geme Maria Theresia
Published: October 2020

Sekian bulan telah terlewati dan sebaran Covid 19 makin meluas dan mengkhawatirkan. Gugus Tugas Percepatan Penangan Covid 19 pun telah dibubarkan dan diubah menjadi Komite Penangan Covid 19 dan Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional oleh Presiden berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden No. 82 Tahun 2020. Pemerintah telah menetapkan wabah Covid 19 sebagai bencana non-alam dengan status sebagai bencana nasional berdasarkan ketentuan UU No. 24 Tahun 2007 tentang Bencana Nasional.

Meluasnya sebaran Covid 19 tersebut telah berimplikasi terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat di bidang ekonomi, termasuk pangan, sosial, budaya, dan hukum. Ini berarti dalam menghadapai pandemi Covid 19, salah satu hal pokok yang perlu menjadi perhatian pemerintah adalah mengenai kedaulatan pangan. Memang kedaulatan pangan saat ini telah memasuki era baru, setelah Presiden Joko Widodo memasukkan kedaulatan pangan ke dalam satu diantara sembilan cita-cita politik yang harus dilaksanakannya.
Adat Law as An Alternative Option In Law Pluralism Perspective In Indonesia
Authors: Sulastriyono Sulastriyono , APHA Journal Manager
Published: October 2020

This article aims to analyze recognition and respect towards adat law community and adat law in Indonesia legal pluralism context; the strength and weakness of adat law as conflict resolution mechanism; model on state recognition and respect towards adat law community and its adat law in order to reduce the weakness of adat law as a tool to resolve conflict. This is a legal normative article which written based on secondary data, such as books, articles, news, research report, and laws. Collected secondary data are selected based on the issues and analyzed qualitatively. Analysis results on descriptive report which explains the issues comprehensively. This article found that (1) In Indonesia legal pluralism context, the state has not recognized and respect adat law community and its adat law wholeheartedly. It is proven by cumulative limitations which hard to be fulfilled by the adat law community in order to be recognized and respected by the state; (2) The strength of non-litigation conflict resolution based of adat law principles is not about win or lose solution, but about win-win solution. Win-win solution has purpose to achieve justice which acceptable to all parties. Win-win solution is obtained based on consensus from conflicting parties until justice is achieved. The weakness of adat law in Indonesia Law context is the fact that Indonesia adopts European Continental system of law, therefore adat law is not the state law. Adat law is understood by understanding the life of the community where adat law is applied. Adat law is implemented voluntarily, without any force from the state. The weakness of adat law as tool of conflict resolution is the dependency towards good faith between parties. The decision cannot be implemented, unless there is good faith from the conflicting parties; (3) model of adat law community and its adat law recognition and respect is synergic combination model between self declaratory by the adat law community and decisive state recognition with strict limitation which hard to be implemented by the adat law community.
Government Responsibility in The Management of Natural Resources for The Protection of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights in The Balaesang Region
Authors: Saly Jeane Neltje , APHA Journal Manager
Published: October 2020

There are two aims of this paper: first to analyze the responsibility of the government in the commitment to protect the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples in natural resource management activities; secondly, to analyze the implementation of government responsibilities in mining management in relation to the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples in enjoying their rights in the ecosystem, such as the environment. The method used in the research is empirical normative method, namely research that emphasizes the secondary data that is by studying and reviewing the principles of law and positive law principles derived from the existing literature materials in legislation and the provisions especially in relation to the exclusion of indigenous people's rights in the obligation of the state to create a healthy environment for the management of natural resources as a manifestation of human rights protection, and supplemented by empirical data in the form of interviews with related parties in Balaesang Tanjung Donggala District. The results show that natural resource management activities, linked to indigenous and tribal peoples' rights in environmental protection are regulated in various laws, both nationally and internationally. Implementation of government responsibility in mining management is related to the right of customary law community in enjoying the environment has not been optimally done. From the case of Balaesang Tanjung Donggala, it is envisaged that local governments ignore the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples in enjoying a healthy environment.
"Siregarization" of Kahiyang-Bobby: Inter-Indigenous Marriage, Patrilinealization or For the sake of Na Tolu?
Authors: Saptomo Ade , APHA Journal Manager
Published: October 2020

This paper is the result of an analysis of the marriage event of two people that have different ethnicities, Javanese and Batak, and the kinship system, Parental and Patrilinieal. In the marriage process which was carried out according to the patrilineal kinship sistem followed by giving the clan title from Batak. The question, is such marriage an interadat, or patrilinealisation, dalihan na tolu? To answer it, socio-antro legal research was done by implementating the complementary approaches, adat law science and legal anthropology. The result, the marriage isn’t named antaradat, the mentioned marriage has been legal according to the adat Batak in which the one party received one of the clans in the Batak ethnic so that the marriage is the endogamy marriage of the ethnic and the exogamy of the clan and keep on dalihan na tolu.
Kajian Yuridis Peradilan Adat di Aceh
Authors: Mansur Teuku Muttaqin
Published: October 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan mengetahui kedudukan, kewenangan, dan struktur peradilan adat di Aceh secara yuridis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, peradilan adat di Aceh memiliki kedudukan yang kuat dalam sistem paraturan perundang-undangan. Kewenangan peradilan adat di Aceh sudah jelas, yakni menyelesaikan sengketa-sengketa kecil/ yang terjadi ditengahtengah masyarakat. Struktur peradilan adat di Aceh di bagi kedalam wilayah darat dan wilayah laut. Peradilan adat di wilayah darat terdiri dari peradilan adat gampong dan peradilan adat mukim. Sedangkan peradilan adat di wilayah laut terdiri dari peradilan adat laot lhok dan peradilan adat laot kabupaten/kota.

This article aims to determine the legal position, authority and structure of traditional justice in Aceh. This study uses the juridical method. The data obtained were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the adat court in Aceh had a strong position in the legislative regulatory system. The authority of adat justice in Aceh is clear, namely resolving small disputes / that occur in the midst of the community. The structure of traditional justice in Aceh is divided into land and sea areas. Customary justice in land areas consists of gampong adat justice and mukim adat justice. Whereas customary justice in the sea area consists of laot lhok adat justice and regency / city adat laot justice.
Investigation of the Effects of Topical Centarium Erythraea in Full-Thickness Skin Wounds in Diabetic Rabbits
Authors: YAVUZ Ünal , TEMAMOĞULLARI Füsun , YIĞIN Akin , YUMUŞAK Nihat
Published: October 2020

Centarium erythraea, a species of flowering plant in the Gentianaceae family, is a plant commonly used in the wound treatment. This study aims to investigate the effect of Centarium erythraea in enhancing healing process in full-thickness skin wounds in diabetic rabbits. A total of 28 young (6 months and body weight of 2.5-3 kg) female New Zealand rabbits were used. Diabetes mellitus was created by injection of alloxan monohydrate. After 15 days following diabetes induction, the surgical operation was applied under general anesthesia and two full-thickness 2.6 x 2.6 cm wounds were created that were equidistant from the dorsal median line. A total of four groups were formed with 7 rabbits in each group. For wounds, on a daily basis, oily homogenized form of Centarium erythraea was administered in Group 1, while pomade form of the titrated extract of Centella asiatica in Group 2, pure olive oil in Group 3 and normal saline was applied in Group 4. Wound edges were measured on the 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24th days, furthermore, histopathological and genetic examinations were performed on tissue samples taken on the same days. Examining the wound diameters, healing rates in the Group 1 and Group 2 were found statistically significant compared to Group 3 and Group 4 (p
Mortality in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Tariq Ghafoor  , Imtenan Sharif  , Farrah Bashir  , Shakeel Ahmed  , Tanveer Ashraf  , Sumaira Khalil  , Tanzeela Farah
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To analyse the common causes of death in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia cases at a tertiary care facility.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Paediatric Oncology Department of the Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised newly-registered cases of acute myeloid leukaemia aged <18 years from January 1, 2012, onwards and who completed their treatment before January 31, 2019. Data was retrieved from medical records and was analysed using SPSS 23.

Results: Of the 206 cases, 130(63.1%) were males and 76(36.9%) were females. Overall mean age at diagnosis was 5.96±3.57 years (range: 9 months to 15 years). Of the total, 6(2.9%) patients died before the start of treatment. Of the remaining, 43(21.5%) patients died during 1st induction chemotherapy, and 16(8%) during the post-induction period, with overall treatment-related mortality being 65(31.5%). The main cause of death during the first two weeks of induction was infection, while infection followed by multi-organ failure was the main cause of mortality in the second phase. A total of 130(63%) patients completed the treatment. Overall survival was 81(62.3%) while disease-free survival was 77 (59.2%).

Conclusions: Overall treatment-related mortality rate in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia cases was found to be high.

Key Words: Paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia, Mortality, Infection, Bleeding, Pakistan.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF SELF CONSOLIDATING HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETES (SCHPCS) INCORPORATING GSA AS SCM
Authors: Buari T.A , Olutoge Festus , Ayininuola G. M.
Published: October 2020

This experimental work evaluates the relationship between compressive strength and modulus of Elasticity of self-consolidating High performance concrete (SCHPC) containing high volume of Groundnut Shell Ash (GSA) up to 40% substitution as SCM. A total of 210 specimens of the GSA blended SCHPCs comprising 105 cubes (100 x100 mm) and 105 cylinders (150x300 mm) were cured in water for 7,14,28 ,56, 92,120 and 180 days hydration periods and the compressive strength and Modulus of elasticity determined. The linear relationships were studied with regression analysis. The findings revealed that all the mixes met the Modulus of Elasticity values requirement of 18,000N/mm2 to 42,000N/mm2 and the compressive results show that three substitution levels of 0%, 10% and 20% attained the proposed design strength (40-130 Mpa) and also satisfied the requirement for self-consolidating and high strength concretes. In conclusion, 0%-20% GSA substitutions (SCHPCA0-SCHPCA20) indicated a strong linear relationship with regressions values obtained varies between 0.842 and 0.954 for the two variables. Addition of GSA as SCM has improved the mechanical properties of SCHPC and creates a strong relationship between the compressive strength and Modulus of Elasticity.
Cultural and Temporal Transfer in a Heritage Film Oliver Twist (2005)
Authors: Liang Lisi
Published: October 2020

The paper will focus on how history is reshaped in a case study: the film adaptation of Oliver Twist (2005). It is of significance as its Chinese authorised subtitles mediate nineteenth-century British history for a contemporary Chinese audience. But this adaptation creates various problems of translation as it negotiates the cultural and linguistic transfer between early Victorian England and twenty-first-century China. To illustrate the challenge that translators and audiences face, examples drawn from the subtitles are grouped under Eva Wai-Yee Hung’s (1980) suggested aspects of Dickens’s world: “religious beliefs, social conventions, biblical and literary allusions and the dress and hairstyle of the Victorian era”. Moreover, Andrew Higson’s “heritage” theory (1996a), William Morris’s (Bassnett, 2013) views of historical translation and Nathalie Ramière’s (2010) cultural references specific to Audiovisual Translation are adopted to read the Chinese subtitles. They are used to bring back the audiences to an impossible, inaccessible past. The historical features shown in this modern version of a British heritage film make it possible for the subtitles to interact with Chinese culture to transfer meaning via a complex combination of translation strategies. Therefore, in order to rejuvenate Chinese cultural heritage, the subtitles of the cultural and temporal specificities and complexities involved are reinterpreted and redirected to the receiving culture
SMES COMPETITIVENESS IN AN INTEGRATED ECONOMY: A PRELIMINARY STUDY FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Matrutty Eko Suseno HR , Franksisca Rosaly , Damayanti Theresia Woro , Supramono Supramono
Published: October 2020

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) offers both opportunities and challenges to Indonesian Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Highly competitive SMEs are likely to exploit opportunities from AEC by expanding their markets and securing raw materials at lower costs. On the contrary, the increasingly intense competition is likely to marginalize less competitive SMEs in their own domestic market. This study aims to analyze the SMEs competitiveness in anticipating AEC. Using 64 SMEs that already export their products or have potentials to export as the sample; this research shows that Indonesian SMEs exhibit a high competitiveness level from the perspective of the production factor, the availability of related and supporting industries factor (especially in relation to the availability of raw and supporting materials), and the demand factor. However, SME owners acknowledge that AEC intensify competition and the government has not provided adequate facilities to improve the SME competitiveness.
THE TELEVISION BUSINESS IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE OLD REGIME, THE NEW ORDER, AND THE REFORM ERA
Authors: Widyatama Rendra
Published: October 2020

This article compares the television industry in Indonesia during the reign of the Old Order, the New Order, and the Reform Era. A full review of television broadcasting in all eras is still rarely carried out by Indonesian researchers. The author uses qualitative research methods in the form of comparative studies and library studies based on secondary data. In this comparison, the author focuses on eleven aspects of the problem, namely; the system of broadcasting, ownership, the form of broadcasting institutions, objectives, funding, broadcast coverage, control, and supervision, licensing, press freedom, media content trends, and society in relation to the television industry. The author found that although since independence Indonesia has been based on Pancasila democracy, in every era of government there have been differences in TV broadcasting arrangements. The Old Order period was more dominated by the role of government. This situation continued during the first 20 years of the New Order government, but in the last ten years of the New Order, the private sector dominated the TV industry. This dominance has continued into the reform era and treats society as a market and a political object. During all periods, it is the government which determines to license, and the implementation of the Broadcasting Act is not strictly enforced. A less strict attitude in the implementation of the Broadcasting Act indicates that the country is flexible and endeavours to find ways to compromise with stakeholders.
HOW MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS USE LOBBYING AND ADVOCACY TO MITIGATE POLITICAL RISKS
Authors: Iftinchi Violeta , Hurduzeu Gheorghe
Published: October 2020

In their international activities multinational corporations (MNCs) face various risks. Political risk is one of them. Expropriations, transfer and convertibility restrictions, breach of contracts, acts of terrorism, domestic political violence or other adverse regulatory changes and/or negative government action represent forms of political risks. Incorporating political risk in their risk management strategies becomes a necessity for MNCs in their search for profits and new markets. This article presents how MNCs use lobbying and advocacy as means to engage with governments and politicians in the country of origin (home country), in the country where a MNC has operations (host country) or at international level (by creating ties with international organisations) in order to mitigate political risks. The case of Repsol and its investment in Argentina is used to demonstrate the application of such tools. The article presents two limitations that might determine the success or failure of MNCs’ lobbying and advocacy activities: governments' unpredictable views towards MNCs and reputational risks. The article has also identified a main difficulty in identifying and examining MNCs way of using lobbying and advocacy to engage with government officials and politicians. This difficulty comes from the informal character of such contacts which makes lobbying and advocacy almost impossible to identify.
TAXATION OF EMPLOYEES IN ROMANIA IN 2018. CHANGES AND ITS RESULTS ON THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY
Authors: Husman Andrei Ionut
Published: October 2020

The politico-economic context has a significant influence on the development of a country and the visions of the decision-makers together with the economic policies implemented are key elements in a country’s economic welfare. A decisive aspect of the economic policy is the fiscal framework, and when it is not at least stable, the entire economy suffers. In the recent period, in Romania, there have been various tax changes. The present paper analyses perhaps the most controversial tax change, namely, the shifting of social security contributions from the employer’s burden to the employee, along with the reduction of their rate and the reduction of the income tax rate. Implementation of such measures should be examined in terms of economic impact. One can notice that these changes have impact on three stakeholder categories: employees, employers and the state budget. Moreover, these changes must be correlated with other measures that are not directly related to the fiscal framework. At the same time, seeing an overview, one can analyze whether these changes could actually represent a starting point for moving from proportional taxation to progressive taxation. Through several impact assessments, this paper aims to analyze both from a micro and macroeconomic perspectives this tax changes and to offer a clear overview of the economic issues arisen. Such analyses will demonstrate the economic instability created through these measures.
BUSINESS CYCLES, GROWTH, AND IMPORTED ENERGY IN A SMALL-OPEN GROWTH MODEL
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bin
Published: October 2020

This paper generalizes an economic growth model proposed by Zhang (2017) by allowing all constant coefficients to be time-dependent. This paper shows existence of business cycles in the generalized model due to periodic shocks. Zhang’s original model is developed for a small open economy with imported energy and imported goods. The economy is composed of two sectors and all markets are perfectly competitive. The economy has fixed land and population. Production side is the same as in neoclassical growth theory, while demand side is modelling with Zhang’s utility and concept of disposable income. We generalize and simulate the model. We demonstrate existence of business cycles due to different exogenous periodic shocks.
THE EFFECT OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ON PROFITABILITY: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PRIVATE BANKS IN SYRIA
Authors: Yousuf Allam , Felföldi János
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of credit risk management on profitability in private banks in Syria. Two main criteria have been adopted for the management of credit risk in banks: capital adequacy ratio and non-performing loans. In order to achieve the objectives of the research and to test the hypotheses, an appropriate non-probability sample numbering 6 private banks was selected from those private banks in Syria for which financial reports and risk management reports were available sequentially from 2007 until 2011, because the researchers wanted to investigate the relationship between variables within normal conditions not in the light of instability in Syria. Credit risk was measured by the capital adequacy ratio (CAR), and non-performing loans (NPL), whereas profitability was measured by the ROE indicator by calculating the data and financial reports of sampled banks and showing them in a quantitative manner and identifying the relationship between the variables by using the SPSS program to study the correlation and build the regression equation. The study concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between capital adequacy and profitability, the capital adequacy ratio affects profitability negatively. Non-performing loans do not effect profitability (ROE). In general, credit risk management accounts for 19% of the profitability of banks.