bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hacia una evaluación comunicativa y eficaz de la pronunciación del español
Authors: Santamaría Busto Enrique
Published: November 2024

El presente trabajo analiza cuestiones fundamentales relacionadas con la evaluación de la
pronunciación de una lengua adicional (L2) en los contextos de enseñanza. Con este fin, en la primera parte el
capítulo introduce un análisis sobre las principales perspectivas (inteligibilidad, comprensibilidad y acento
extranjero) desde las que se puede abordar la evaluación de la pronunciación, revisa algunos factores no lingüísticos
que pueden afectar las evaluaciones de estas dimensiones y trata las implicaciones que los resultados de las
investigaciones tienen para el aula. En la segunda parte, se ofrece una guía de actuación con recursos prácticos y
recomendaciones para que el profesorado de español pueda realizar una evaluación eficaz de la pronunciación. Finalmente,
el capítulo concluye con una reflexión sobre futuras líneas de investigación.
Pronunciation anxiety in Spanish online learning
Authors: Bárkányi Zsuzsanna
Published: November 2024

The aim of this chapter is to investigate the causes of speaking anxiety linked to pronunciation,
pronunciation learning strategies, and coping tactics in online and distance language learning. To explore these
topics, we conducted a study with mixed methods research design including quantitative and qualitative data gathered
from self-reflective questionnaires and in-depth group interviews from students of Spanish as an additional language.
Results reveal that pronunciation anxiety is rarely the main source of foreign language speaking anxiety, but it is a
frequent source of embarrassment. The apprehension coupled with low perceived pronunciation skills, in many cases,
impedes participation in oral practice as well as real-time and asynchronous interactions thus creating a negative
loop. Based on these findings, recommendations are offered on how to manage anxiety to enhance pronunciation
attainment and oral practice in a virtual learning environment.
Chapter 8. Ethical research with adult migrant language learners
Authors: Simpson James , Chick Mike
Published: November 2024

Applied Linguistics research, teacher-research and scholarship with adult language learners who are migrants holds ethical challenges in relation to social and political contexts that are under-examined in the TESOL/Applied Linguistics literature and in practice. The critical exploration in this chapter addresses this gap. With examples from participatory research-and-practice initiatives in the UK, the chapter advocates a critical participatory approach towards research, one that is oriented towards the promotion of social justice. Such an approach can support the empowerment of participants as they respond to challenging and unethical policy landscapes: through their active participation in research, learners and practitioners may be better equipped with the tools they need for resistance and change. First, the authors describe how language education researchers working with adult migrants have adopted a reflexive, critical and activist orientation towards their work. They then discuss research that relates to practice which is not attendant on top-down policy moves, and which itself might inform a critical, emancipatory orientation towards policy formation. To end, they reflect further on the notion of research that empowers, and the impact this might have on policy and practice.
Chapter 19. The ethical gray area
Authors: De Costa Peter I. , Gass Susan M. , Manchón Rosa M. , Plonsky Luke
Published: November 2024

This chapter is a collective reflection on key ethical dilemmas encountered by four past and/or current editors of journals in diverse sub-fields of Applied Linguistics. We reflect on (i) our understanding of ethics in relation to journal editing; (ii) specific ethical challenges we faced in our editorial work and how they were resolved; and (iii) global considerations about the adoption of ethical practices in Applied Linguistics journal editing in the current world of academic publishing.
Can linguistics and historiography of linguistics profit from each other?
Authors: Graffi Giorgio
Published: November 2024

I offer support for an affirmative answer to the question in the title by means of two case
studies. The first one is on the notion of predication. I compare two recent theoretical studies, arguing that one of
them is less satisfactory than the other, since it does not consider the original Aristotelian notion of predication,
which is necessary for an adequate treatment of natural language. The second case study deals with Immediate
Constituent Analysis, which some scholars argue dates back to long before Bloomfield: this conclusion was drawn by
implicitly equating ‘constituent’ with ‘word group’, while the two concepts actually differ. Our discussion leads to
the issue of ‘paradigm’ in Kuhn’s sense: to what extent are scientific notions formulated in different epochs and
conceptual frameworks comparable? I maintain that they can be compared, by resorting to some approaches to the history
of sciences that are different from Kuhn’s.
“Computational linguistics” as the horizon of projection of early machine translation
Authors: Léon Jacqueline
Published: November 2024

In my paper, I will discuss the articulation between the horizon of projection (the anticipation of
the evolution of a field of knowledge) and the horizon of retrospection (its background) in the special case of early
machine translation. Because its horizon of retrospection (World War II sciences and technologies, information theory
and mathematical logic) did not include linguistics, the horizon of projection of machine translation could not be
high quality machine translation, but formal and computational linguistics. The horizon of computational linguistics
thus projected was piloted and installed by institutions, funded and evaluated by state agencies, with conclusions and
recommendations stated by expert reports, illustrating a new form of relationship between institution and
sciences.
The protozoan commensal Tritrichomonas musculis is a natural adjuvant for mucosal IgA
Authors: Cao Eric Yixiao , Burrows Kyle , Chiaranunt Pailin , Popovic Ana , Zhou Xueyang , Xie Cong , Thakur Ayushi , Britton Graham , Spindler Matthew , Ngai Louis , Tai Siu Ling , Dasoveanu Dragos Cristian , Nguyen Albert , Faith Jeremiah J. , Parkinson John , Gommerman Jennifer L. , Mortha Arthur
Published: November 2024

Immunoglobulin (Ig) A supports mucosal immune homeostasis and host–microbiota interactions. While commensal bacteria are known for their ability to promote IgA, the role of non-bacterial commensal microbes in the induction of IgA remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that permanent colonization with the protozoan commensal Tritrichomonas musculis (T.mu) promotes T cell–dependent, IgA class-switch recombination, and intestinal accumulation of IgA-secreting plasma cells (PC). T.mu colonization specifically drives the expansion of T follicular helper cells and a unique ICOS+ non-Tfh cell population, accompanied by an increase in germinal center B cells. Blockade of ICOS:ICOSL co-stimulation or MHCII-expression on B cells is central for the induction of IgA following colonization by T.mu, implicating a previously underappreciated mode of IgA induction following protozoan commensal colonization. Finally, T.mu further improves the induction of IgA-secreting PC specific to orally ingested antigens and their peripheral dissemination, identifying T.mu as a “natural adjuvant” for IgA. Collectively, these findings propose a protozoa-driven mode of IgA induction to support intestinal immune homeostasis.
On the definition of the spin charge in asymptotically-flat spacetimes
Authors: Freidel Laurent , Faroogh Moosavian Seyed , Pranzetti Daniele
Published: November 2024

We propose a solution to a classic problem in gravitational physics consisting of defining the spin associated with asymptotically-flat spacetimes. We advocate that the correct asymptotic symmetry algebra to approach this problem is the generalized–BMS algebra

gbms

instead of the BMS algebra used hitherto in the literature for which a notion of spin is generically unavailable. We approach the problem of defining the spin charges from the perspective of coadjoint orbits of

gbms

and construct the complete set of Casimir invariants that determine

gbms

coadjoint orbits, using the notion of vorticity for

gbms

. This allows us to introduce spin charges for

gbms

as the generators of area-preserving diffeomorphisms forming its isotropy subalgebra. To elucidate the parallelism between our analysis and the Poincaré case, we clarify several features of the Poincaré embedding in

gbms

and reveal the presence of condensate fields associated with the symmetry breaking from

gbms

to Poincaré. We also introduce the notion of a rest frame available only for this extended algebra. This allows us to construct, from the spin generator, the gravitational analog of the Pauli–Lubański pseudo-vector. Finally, we obtain the

gbms

moment map, which we use to construct the gravitational spin charges and gravitational Casimirs from their dual algebra counterparts.
Schouten–Codazzi gravity
Authors: Sussman Roberto A , Nájera Sebastián
Published: November 2024

We propose a new phenomenological second order gravity theory to be denoted as ‘Schouten–Codazzi’ Gravity’ (SCG), as it is based on Schouten and Codazzi tensors. The theory is related, but is clearly distinct from Cotton gravity. By assuming as source the energy momentum of General Relativity, we form a second order system with its geometric sector given by the sum of the Schouten tensor and a generic second order symmetric tensor complying with the following properties: (i) it must satisfy the Codazzi differential condition and (ii) it must be concomitant with the invariant characterization based on the algebraic structure of curvature tensors for specific spacetimes or classes of spacetimes. We derive and briefly discuss the properties of SCG solutions for static spherical symmetry (vacuum and perfect fluid), FLRW models and spherical dust fluids. While we do recognize that SCG is ‘work in progress’ in an incipient stage that still requires significant theoretical development, we believe that the theory provides valuable guidelines in the search for alternatives to General Relativity.
Charged pions asymmetry due to interference from the decay of light neutral axial mesons
Authors: Braghin Fabio L
Published: November 2024

Effective three meson couplings, based in flavor U(3) quark–antiquark interactions, are considered to describe two light neutral axial meson strong decays, A ∼ f
1(1285) and f
1S
(1420), and the charged rho meson decay in the following channels: A → ρ
∓(770) + π
±,

A
→

a

0

∓

(
980
)
+

π

±

and ρ
± → π
±
π
0. By considering neutral meson mixings, such as

f

1

(
1285
)
−

a

1

0

(
1260
)

,

f

1
S

(
1420
)
−

a

1

0

(
1260
)

and η − π
0 for the channels investigated, the leading three-meson interactions may lead to decay amplitudes that undergo interference and a resulting ratio of decay rate into charged pions,

Γ

π

+

/

Γ

π

−

, slightly smaller than one. For that it will be assumed that the produced charged vector mesons or charged scalar mesons undergo absorption, decay into channels without charged pions, or any other inelastic process that may suppress their decays into charged pions.
Challenges in the extraction of physics beyond the Standard Model from electron scattering
Authors: Wang Xuan-Gong , Thomas A W
Published: November 2024

Precise measurements of electron and positron scattering, including parity violation, offer great promise in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). In this context it is crucial to understand the corrections which might arise from charge symmetry violation, as well as the less well known strange and charm quark distributions. Our analysis, using state of the art parton distributions, suggests that these contributions lead to corrections in the extraction of the weak couplings

g

A
V

e
q

and

g

V
A

e
q

of the order (1−2)%, while they are as large as 4% for

g

A
A

e
q

, at a typical scale of Q
2 = 10 GeV2. These results underline the importance of carrying out high precision measurements, which will not only provide information on physics beyond the SM but also reduce the current uncertainties on our knowledge of the strange and charm quark distributions in the proton.
STA-net: a deblurring network combined with spatiotemporal information for zinc froth flotation
Authors: Lv Tie , Tang Zhaohui , Gao Xiaoliang , Xie Yongfang , Wu Xinru
Published: November 2024

The clarification of blurry frames in froth flotation videos is crucial for the identification and fault diagnosis of zinc flotation conditions. Irregular motion blur represents the primary blur phenomenon in froth flotation videos. Existing methods for motion blur removal have not effectively integrated spatio-temporal information, overlooking the utilization of clear frames, thus failing to achieve satisfactory results in the removal of froth flotation video blur frames. Therefore, this paper proposes a Spatio Temporal Awareness network (STA-net) capable of utilizing the temporal and spatial information from consecutive frames to naturally reconstruct froth images with clarity. This network consists of two sub-networks: the Temporal network (T-net) and the Spatio network (S-net). T-net extracts dynamic information between adjacent clear frames and blurry frames, while S-net captures spatial information within frames and enhances spatial texture details for the coarse images reconstructed based on the temporal information extracted by T-net in a layer-by-layer manner. Additionally, considering that blurry image datasets from actual froth flotation processes often lack corresponding clear images as training labels for the network, a method based on probability density functions for generating blurry froth image datasets based clear images is proposed. This method extracts motion vectors from froth images to create blurry froth images that closely resemble the actual blurry conditions of froth images. The deblurring performance of STA-net has been validated in practical froth flotation processes.
Viscoelastic properties of electro-rheological fluids containing ion-conductive polyurethane particles under electric field
Authors: Ishii Satoshi , Takahashi Hitomi , Sakai Yoshie
Published: November 2024

A non-hydrous electro-rheological fluid (ERF) containing polyurethane (PU) particles with electrolytes and automotive dampers utilizing it have been developed. In this study, we investigated the influence of electrolytes and particle properties on ER effect (yield stress) leading to improving the ER effect of non-hydrous ERFs. As a result, yield stress was increased by the inclusion of electrolytes to PU particles and decreased by increasing the glass transition point (Tg) of PU. The inclusion of electrolyte in particles doubled the yield stress of ERF at 5 kV mm−1. The change in Tg of PU particles from −26.3 °C to −15.3 °C resulted in a decrease in yield stress by 0.7 times at 5 kV mm−1. According to a theoretical model for calculating the ER effect and experimental data, the ionic conductivity associated with the electrolyte addition and the Tg change contributed to the dielectric constant of the PU particles, which affected the ER effect. This result provides important knowledge for deriving material compositions that can further improve the ER effect.
Enhanced electrorheological activity of rod-like Fe3O4@TiO2 particles in elastomers and their morphological effect
Authors: Niu Chenguang , Fan Yi , Zhao Xinye , Dong Xufeng , Liu Kui , Xiong Xiaoyan
Published: November 2024

The properties of dielectric particles play the most important role in the electrorheological (ER) activity of elastomers, however, there is a lack of experimental research on the effect of particle morphology on the properties of ER elastomers (EREs). In this study, spherical and rod-like Fe3O4@TiO2 core–shell particles were synthesized and used to prepare EREs. Particles characterization results showed that both spherical and rod-like Fe3O4@TiO2 exhibited an obvious core–shell structure and similar magnetic properties, with the aspect ratio of rod-like Fe3O4@TiO2 particles was approximately 7:1. Furthermore, the EREs filled with rod-like Fe3O4@TiO2 particles exhibit a higher dielectric constant and sharper dielectric loss peak than those filled with spherical particles, indicating that a larger aspect ratio enhances the dielectric performance. For EREs with the same volume fraction of particles or cured under the same external field, the storage modulus and relative ER effect of EREs filled with rod-like particles are both higher than those of EREs containing spherical particles. Additionally, it can be confirmed that the rod-like particle chain structures have a more significant strengthening effect on the ERE matrix, as evidenced by the rod-like Fe3O4@TiO2 particle filled elastomers exhibiting lower creep strain.
Simulation of time-invariant three-dimensional Freak waves and their scattering identification based on the JONSWAP spectrum and Donelan direction function
Authors: Wu Geng-Kun , Li Ruo-Yu , Han Li-Chen , Liu Bin
Published: November 2024

Investigations into recent maritime accidents have revealed that a significant number are linked to the impact of freak waves, which possess the potential to capsize vessels rapidly due to their immense energy. In order to detect and predict these freak waves with precision, thereby mitigating the risks they pose to maritime infrastructure and human safety, we have delved deeper into the study of such waves. This paper introduces an effective and time-invariant three-dimensional (3D) computational model for freak waves. The model is designed to analyze the scattering properties of these waves and to provide a clearer understanding of the variations in their scattering behavior. First, this paper adopts linear superposition method to simulate a 3D random rough sea surface based on the JONSWAP wave spectrum and Donelan directional distribution function. Moreover, we analyze the effect of different angular frequencies on the simulated sea surface. At the same time, the Monte Carlo method is used to further simulate the capillary waves based on the random sea surface, and this method vastly improves the computational accuracy of the random sea surface. Then, based on the two-wave train superposition wave energy focusing mode, a numerical calculation method of time-invariant 3D freak waves is proposed, and the time-series evolution process of 3D freak waves is simulated. Finally, the backscattering coefficients of the 3D freak wave surface are calculated using the two-scale method, and the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the freak wave surface under different evolution stages, wind speeds, and radar incidence angles are analyzed. By this method, we conclude that the recognition of freak waves is more accurate under medium-high wind speed and significant incidence angle conditions. Our experimental findings demonstrate that the methodologies presented in this study are capable of enhancing the identification and prediction of freak waves. This advancement is expected to bolster the precision of future freak wave forecasts and holds potential for practical application in the realm of freak wave risk alert systems.
KISS: Instrument Description and Performance
Authors: Macías-Pérez J. F. , Fernández-Torreiro M. , Catalano A. , Fasano A. , Aguiar M. , Beelen A. , Benoit A. , Bideaud A. , Bounmy J. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Castro-Almazán J. A. , de Bernardis P. , De Petris M. , de Taoro A. P. , Garde G. , Génova-Santos R. T. , Gomez A. , Gómez-Renasco M. F. , Goupy J. , Hoarau C. , Hoyland R. , Lagache G. , Marpaud J. , Marton M. , Masi S. , Monfardini A. , Peel M. W. , Pisano G. , Ponthieu N. , Rebolo R. , Roni S. , Roudier S. , Rubiño-Martín J. A. , Tourres D. , Tucker C. , Viera-Curvelo T. , Vescovi C.
Published: November 2024

Kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) have been proven as reliable systems for astrophysical observations, especially in the millimeter range. Their compact size enables them to optimally fill the focal plane, thus boosting sensitivity. The KIDs Interferometric Spectral Surveyor (KISS) instrument is a millimeter camera that consists of two KID arrays of 316 pixels each coupled to a Martin–Puplett interferometer (MPI). The addition of the MPI grants the KID camera the ability to provide spectral information in the 100 and 300 GHz range. In this paper, we report the main properties of the KISS instrument and its observations. We also describe the calibration and data analysis procedures used. We present a complete model of the observed data including the sky signal and several identified systematics. We have developed a full photometric and spectroscopic data analysis pipeline that translates our observations into science-ready products. We show examples of the results of this pipeline on selected sources: the Moon, Jupiter, and Venus. We note the presence of a deficit of response with respect to expectations and laboratory measurements. The detector's noise level is consistent with values obtained during laboratory measurements, pointing to a suboptimal coupling between the instrument and the telescope as the most probable origin for the problem. This deficit is large enough to prevent the detection of galaxy clusters, which were KISS's main scientific objective. Nevertheless, we have demonstrated the feasibility of this kind of instrument in the prospect of other KID interferometers (such as the CONCERTO instrument). In this regard, we have developed key instrumental technologies such as optical conception, readout electronics, and raw calibration procedures, as well as adapted data analysis procedures.
Temperature stability analysis of the all-fiber current sensor with a loop structure
Authors: Zhu Xuehua , Zhao Xiaohui , Liu Xinyu , Ren Ziruo
Published: November 2024

All-fiber optical current sensor (AFOCS) is a perfect product formed by the combination of fiber-optic sensing technology and the Faraday effect. It boasts significant advantages such as resistance to electromagnetic interference, a high measurement dynamic range and precision, low power consumption, low cost, and insulation. Additionally, it enables long-distance transmission, making it one of the main devices for current monitoring in smart grids. However, the birefringence within the sensing fiber is highly susceptible to changes in temperature, causing the polarization state of light to be extremely sensitive to temperature variations. This sensitivity significantly impacts the accuracy of current measurements. A novel loop structure AFOCS with a coupled fiber polarization rotator (FPR) is introduced in this paper. The operating principle of this structure is theoretically analyzed, and the Jones matrix is used to analyze the output light intensity signal and derive the error formula. After comparing the measurement accuracy of the basic AFOCS and the loop structure AFOCS, it is demonstrated that this novel structure can improve current sensitivity by enhancing the temperature robustness of the system. Additionally, the error generated by the FPR is controlled below 1%, meeting the requirements for stable system operation. Therefore, this novel structure effectively improves the accuracy of current measurement and exhibits strong temperature stability.
Thermodynamic aspects of higher-dimensional black holes in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity through exponential entropy
Authors: Malik Sana , Jawad Abdul , Chaudhary Shahid , Alam Mohammad Mahtab , Shaymatov Sanjar , Rani Shamaila
Published: November 2024

We assume exponential corrections to the entropy of 5D charged AdS black hole solutions, which are derived within the framework of Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity and nonlinear electrodynamics. Additionally, we consider two distinct versions of 5D charged AdS black holes by setting the parameters q → 0 and k → 0 (where q represents the charge, and k is the non-linear parameter). We investigate these black holes in the extended phase space, where the cosmological constant is interpreted as pressure, demonstrating the first law of black hole thermodynamics. The focus extends to understanding the thermal stability or instability, as well as identifying first and second-order phase transitions. This exploration is carried out through the analysis of various thermodynamic quantities, including heat capacity at constant pressure, Gibbs free energy (GFE), Helmholtz free energy (HFE), and the trace of the Hessian matrix. In order to visualize phase transitions, identify critical points, analyze stability and provide comprehensive analysis, we have made the contour plot of the mentioned thermodynamic quantities and observed that our results are very consistent. These investigations are conducted within the context of exponentially corrected entropies, providing valuable insights into the intricate thermodynamic behavior of these 5D charged AdS black holes under different parameter limits.
Dynamical system approach of interacting dark energy models in f(R, Tϕ) gravity
Authors: Samaddar Amit , Surendra Singh S , Muhammad Shah , Zotos Euaggelos E
Published: November 2024

We have examined an isotropic and homogeneous cosmological model in f(R, T

ϕ
) gravity, where R represents the Ricci scalar and T

ϕ
exhibits the energy momentum tensor’s trace. We examine the stability criteria by performing the dynamical system analysis for our model f(R, T

ϕ
) = R + 2(aT

ϕ
 + b), where a and b are the constants. We derive a set of autonomous equations and find their solutions by assuming a flat potential V
0. We assess the equilibrium points from these equations and find the eigenvalues. We analyze the physical interpretation of the phase space for this system. We obtain three stable equilibrium points. We also examine the interaction between the scalar field and dark energy, represented by Q = ψHρ
de and determine the equilibrium points for this interaction. We identify four stable equilibrium points for this interaction. We calculate the values of the physical parameters for both scenarios at each equilibrium point, indicating the Universe’s accelerated expansion.
Effect of radiation on the attenuation length of clear fiber
Authors: Li Mengjiao , Liu Dong
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses on measuring and describing the
attenuation lengths of two types of clear fiber with distinct
irradiation doses. By calculating the ratio of the ADC values of
each irradiated fiber to that of the non-irradiated fiber, compared
with the attenuation length of the non-irradiated fiber, the
attenuation lengths of the irradiated fibers are obtained. It is
found that the attenuation lengths of both fibers decreased with the
irradiation dose, and the slope of the corresponding function is
different.
Vertical bending and aerodynamic performance in flying snake-inspired aerial undulation
Authors: Gong Yuchen , Huang Zihao , Dong Haibo
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a numerical investigation into the aerodynamic characteristics and fluid dynamics of a flying snake-like model employing vertical bending locomotion during aerial undulation in steady gliding. In addition to its typical horizontal undulation, the modeled kinematics incorporates vertical undulations and dorsal-to-ventral bending movements while in motion. Using a computational approach with an incompressible flow solver based on the immersed-boundary method, this study employs topological local mesh refinement mesh blocks to ensure the high resolution of the grid around the moving body. Initially, we applied a vertical wave undulation to a snake model undulating horizontally, investigating the effects of vertical wave amplitudes (

ψ
m

). The vortex dynamics analysis unveiled alterations in leading-edge vortices formation within the midplane due to changes in the effective angle of attack resulting from vertical bending, directly influencing lift generation. Our findings highlighted peak lift production at

ψ
m

=

2.5
∘

and the highest lift-to-drag ratio (L/D) at

ψ
m

=

5
∘

, with aerodynamic performance declining beyond this threshold. Subsequently, we studied the effects of the dorsal–ventral bending amplitude (

ψ

DV

), showing that the tail-up/down body posture can result in different fore-aft body interactions. Compared to the baseline configuration, the lift generation is observed to increase by 17.3% at

ψ

DV

= 5°, while a preferable L/D is found at

ψ

DV

= −5°. This study explains the flow dynamics associated with vertical bending and uncovers fundamental mechanisms governing body–body interaction, contributing to the enhancement of lift production and efficiency of aerial undulation in snake-inspired gliding.
Optimization of a passive roll absorber for robotic fish based on tune mass damper
Authors: Zhu Chunhui , Zhou Chao , Zou Qianqian , Fan Junfeng , Zhang Zhuoliang , Ou Yaming , Wang Jian
Published: November 2024

The robotic fish utilizes a bio-inspired undulatory propulsion system to achieve high swimming performance. However, significant roll motion has been observed at the head when the tail oscillates at certain frequencies, adversely affecting both perception accuracy and propulsion efficiency. In this paper, the roll torque acting on the robotic fish is theoretically analyzed and decomposed into gravitational, inertial, and hydrodynamic components. Resonance is identified as a key factor amplifying the roll response. To mitigate this roll and enhance stability, a passive roll absorber based on tuned mass damper is designed. A simplified rolling structure is dynamically modeled to optimize absorber parameters. Experiments are conducted to quantify the roll torque experienced by the robotic fish, with the effectiveness of the absorber verified on both the simplified model and the robotic fish. Results show that the maximum roll angle of the simplified system under harmonic load decreases from 98° to

29

∘

, representing a reduction of over 70%, while a 25.1% reduction is achieved on the robotic fish.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes cell viability of hUSCs in volumetric bioprinting scaffolds via PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Li Yuanchao , Dai Xiaoqi , Huang Mei , Chen Meiling , Zhan Yifei , Guo Yaochuan , Du Yuxuan , Li Liuqiang , Liu Meiqin , Huang Maofang , Bian Jun , Lai Dehui
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to investigate the impact of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on human urinary-derived stem cells (hUSCs) viability within three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) scaffolds. hUSCs were integrated into GelMA bio-inks at concentrations ranging from 2.5% to 10% w/v and then bioprinted using a volumetic-based method. Subsequent exposure of these scaffolds to LIPUS under varying parameters or sham irradiation aimed at optimizing the LIPUS treatment. Assessment of hUSCs viability employed Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), cell cycle analysis, and live&dead cell double staining assays. Additionally, Western blot analysis was conducted to determine protein expression levels. With 3D bio-printed cell-laden GelMA scaffolds successfully constructed, LIPUS promoted the proliferation of hUSCs. Optimal LIPUS conditions, as determined through CCK8 and live&dead cell double staining assays, was achieved at a frequency of 1.5 MHz, a spatial-average temporal-average intensity (ISATA) of 150 mW cm−2, with an exposure duration of 10 min per session administered consecutively for two sessions. LIPUS facilitated the transition from G0/G1 phase to S and G2/M phases and enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt. Inhibition of ERK1/2 (U0126) and PI3K (LY294002) significantly attenuated LIPUS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt respectively, both of which decreased the hUSC viability within 3D bio-printed GelMA scaffolds. Applying a LIPUS treatment at an ISATA of 150 mW cm−2promotes the growth of hUSCs within 3D bio-printed GelMA scaffolds through modulating ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
Almost all even-particle pure states are determined by their half-body marginals
Authors: Zhang Wanchen , Shi Fei , Zhang Xiande
Published: November 2024

Determining whether the original global state is uniquely determined by its local marginals is a prerequisite for some efficient tools for characterizing quantum states. In this paper, we show that almost all generic pure states of even N-particle with equal local dimension are uniquely determined among all pure states (UDP) by four of their half-body marginals. Furthermore, we give a graphical description of the marginals for determining genuinely multipartite entangled states, which leads to several lower bounds on the number of required marginals. Finally, we present a construction of N-qudit states obtained from certain combinatorial structures that cannot be UDP by their k-body marginals for some

k
⩾
⌊
N

/

2
⌋

.
Improvement of biodegradability prediction QSAR system through optimal combination of algorithms
Authors: Takeda Kazuhiro , Takeuchi Kensuke , Sakuratani Yuki , Kimbara Kazuhide
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a novel quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) system for predicting the biodegradability of chemicals. The system focuses on evaluating the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) (%BOD/ThOD) and the presence of degradation products to categorize chemicals as “readily biodegradable” (RB) or “not readily biodegradable” (NB). The conventional laboratory testing method for biodegradability assessment is time-consuming and expensive, thus highlighting the need for a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) system that can predict biodegradability without the need for extensive testing. The authors acquired a dataset of 3948 chemicals from the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) database, which included information on molecular structure, %BOD/ThOD values, and the presence of degradation products. The QSAR system consists of two prediction models: a %BOD/ThOD prediction model and a discrimination prediction model. Multiple algorithms were employed in each model to enhance prediction accuracy. The %BOD/ThOD prediction model utilizes eight algorithms, including linear, nonlinear, and tree-structured models. The discrimination prediction model employs ten algorithms, and the outcomes are combined using majority voting. Explanatory variables for both models include molecular descriptors and spatial structure derived from the chemical’s molecular representation. The performance of the QSAR system was evaluated based on training and validation datasets. Results showed that the combination of three %BOD/ThOD prediction algorithms improved the average correction rate compared to using all algorithms. Similarly, selecting the discrimination prediction algorithm further enhanced the average correction rate.
Fast biodiesel production via potassium ferrate catalysis at room temperature using refined coconut oil and vegetable oil
Authors: Demafelis R B , Cello K C , Ronquillo J T , Borines M G , Bambase Jr M E , Magadia B T , Matanguihan A E D , Landoy R J B
Published: November 2024

Traditionally, the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production takes place at elevated temperatures, around 60-65°C, for up to two hours of reaction time, entailing a high energy consumption. As the University of the Philippines Los Baños – Interdisciplinary Biofuels Research Studies Center (UPLB-IBRSC) continuously aims to conduct studies on improving process efficiencies in biofuels production, this research investigated the potential of potassium ferrate as a catalyst for fast biodiesel production at room temperature. Particularly, the catalytic activity of potassium ferrate in the transesterification of refined coconut oil and vegetable oil was examined. The effects of the parameters such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction time on biodiesel yield and purity were studied. Thin layer chromatography, with the aid of ImageJ software, was applied to analyze the purity of the biodiesel through the developed spots’ area estimation. Characterization experiments in terms of free fatty acid (FFA) content and acid value were performed to confirm the low FFA content of the feedstocks prior to transesterification. Results of the parametric and optimization study revealed that a biodiesel yield of 87.67% using vegetable oil was experimentally achieved at the optimum conditions of 6.75 wt% catalyst loading, 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, and 30 minutes reaction time. Using coconut oil, on the other hand, resulted in a higher biodiesel yield of 94.90% at a catalyst loading of 6 wt%, a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, and a reaction time of 60 minutes. Generally, findings show that catalyst loading has a positive effect on biodiesel yield and purity only up to a certain optimum amount. Among all the parameters analyzed, the methanol-to-oil molar ratio was found to have the most significant effect as an individual factor. Given the results of this study, it can be concluded that the potassium ferrate-catalyzed transesterification reaction at room temperature can potentially reduce the energy consumption in biodiesel production and the production cost in general.
Life Cycle Assessment of Bioethanol Produced from Banana Peduncle
Authors: Daniel K M , Escaño J V , Palada J L , Aberilla J M
Published: November 2024

Biofuel production has been promoted in part to reduce dependency on fossil fuels in transportation due to fewer environmental emissions. Feedstocks for biofuels include agricultural waste and non-edible crops, suggesting that large amounts of waste can be used to produce biofuels such as bioethanol, which is currently being blended with gasoline in the Philippines as transportation fuel. However, shifting from non-renewable fuels to bioethanol and other biofuels as the dominant transportation fuel must consider aspects other than fuel usage. The objectives of this study are to perform cradle-to-grave life cycle analysis on bioethanol produced from banana peduncle and determine the contributions of each stage in the life cycle to different environmental impacts and compare the results with those of other transport fuels. The contributions of each stage in the life cycle of bioethanol are modelled in openLCA software with the ReCiPe impact assessment method. It was identified that electricity use in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and sulfuric acid consumption are the main contributors to the different environmental impacts. Comparison of the results of banana peduncle bioethanol production stage to those of the first-generation bioethanol production showed that most of the emissions were lower except for those pertaining to freshwater ecotoxicity, human toxicity, marine ecotoxicity, and metal depletion. Comparing fuel use, environmental impacts of conventional gasoline were slightly lower than those of a 10% mix with bioethanol. But impacts of the 85% mix with bioethanol in climate change and marine eutrophication are higher by 29% and 37%, respectively, than those of conventional gasoline. Overall, increasing the ethanol concentration would reduce the emissions during fuel usage but impacts of production will increase. Potential process improvements for environmental performance of bioethanol from banana peduncle are in the pre-treatment methods and fermentation set-up in bioethanol production, use of renewable power, and ethanol blending concentrations with gasoline.
Chemical activation of biochar derived from coffee husk for the adsorption of phytohormones from waste coconut water
Authors: del Barrio M A M , Migo V P , Detras M C M , Alfafara C G
Published: November 2024

The potential of NaOH-activated biochar derived from waste coffee husks via pyrolysis for the extraction of phytohormones from waste coconut water was investigated. The raw coffee husk biochar (CHB) and coffee husk activated biochar (CHAB) were characterized and compared in terms of morphology, particle size distribution, elemental composition, surface functional groups, bulk density, phytohormone adsorption efficiency and equilibrium adsorption capacity. The phytohormone adsorption efficiency of the CHB and CHAB produced were 62.36% and 91.33%, respectively. Future work includes flask adsorption experiments and using the phytohormone content extracted from the coconut water for tissue culture studies. Collectively, results from this study present an alternative use of coconut and coffee wastes, and ultimately contribute to the waste management processes of the coconut and coffee industries.
Preparation of Jackfruit Artocarpus Heterophyllus Seed Starch-Grafted Polyvinyl Acetate by Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Almarez K M , Calasanz B J S , Coritana A M , Jaraula D I C , Malimban S T , Roque E C , Olay J G , Melendres A V
Published: November 2024

Petrochemical-based materials are depleting for the past decades and alternative methods to replace them are being studied over the years. This includes a wide range of probable applications such as adhesive industry. Starch, in its native form, possesses inadequate bond strength and viscosity. The said properties limit the possible applications of starch thus improvement should be employed. Jackfruit seed (JFS) starch is a viable substitute for other starches that is commonly used in the industry. This research developed a starch grafted polyvinyl acetate formula that can be used as an alternative to non-renewable and food consumable resources. Parameters such as monomer/starch ratio, temperature, and amount of initiator were observed and how it affected the graft percent, shear strength, and viscosity of the samples. This process was conducted via emulsion polymerization using PPS as initiator and SDS as emulsifier, Ethanol was also utilized to wash away homopolymers. Each run was done under ambient conditions. The samples were triplicated in the software to ensure the data credibility. From the statistical analysis, it was concluded that all three parameters which are temperature, monomer/starch ratio, and initiator amount were all significant. The appearance of 1735 cm−1 band in FTIR spectrum of the grafted starch and the visible roughness in the spherical-shaped granules in SEM photographs indicated that the VAc has been successfully grafted onto jackfruit starch. DSC analysis showed that Tg of starch-g PVAc was shifted to a little higher value as compared to Tg of native jackfruit starch which suggests that material can be used in a wider temperature range.
Life Cycle Assessment of Blended Cement Product: A Case Study
Authors: Martinez B , Demafelis R , Alcantara J , Matanguihan A E , Magadia B , Echavez F J , Frogoso S A
Published: November 2024

Large-scale cement production has led to serious environmental issues since the process is energy and resource intensive. Moreover, the cement industry is one of the sources of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As a matter of fact, in the Philippines, the CO2 emission increased by 88.23% in over a decade. Hence, this research conducted a life cycle assessment of blended cement products in a cement manufacturing facility in Bulacan, Philippines from cradle to gate. The research utilized functional units of one metric ton of clinker, and one metric ton of blended cement. For the life cycle assessment (LCA), SimaPro 9.3.0.3 software was employed, and the impact assessment was conducted using the IPCC 2021 Global Warming Potential (GWP) at a 100-year timeframe and the Cumulative Energy Demand Method. Results of the research showed that the baseline carbon footprint and cumulative energy demand for the clinker are 995 kg CO2-eqv and 4.74 x 103 MJ, respectively. Also, the baseline carbon footprint and cumulative energy demand for the blended cement are 760 kg CO2-eqv and 4.13 x 103 MJ, respectively. Further, the evaluation of the carbon footprint of clinker, and blended cement in this research is comparable with the results from similar studies, with slight variation on certain instances. The energy utilization in the production of clinker, and blended cement in this research is significantly lower than the result of other studies
Density functional theory (DFT) analysis of the effect of oxygen vacancies in TiO2 for the binding of oxides
Authors: Lee C J N , Mangulabnan C F L , Mendoza J A M
Published: November 2024

Challenges in the environment, particularly the rise in atmospheric pollution, entail the development of new methods to assist in sustainable development. Earlier studies have proven that oxygen vacancies (OVs) occur as the most prevalent defect in transition metal oxides, which play an essential role in gaseous pollutant degradation. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a naturally occurring semiconductor, is widely employed in pollutant removal. It is significant to examine the effects of oxygen vacancies on the adsorption characteristics of surfaces since O deficiencies are common on metal oxide surfaces. To date, earlier studies have centred on the reaction mechanism of TiO2, leaving the observation of OVs largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of OV in TiO2 on the binding of oxides. In this case, the CP2K software performed DFT calculations to determine the effect of OVs on the overall binding of oxides and identify the TiO2 energy correlated with computational analysis. As a result, having OVs in the anatase TiO2 structure decreased the formation energy, thereby increasing its adsorption affinity for oxide binding. Therefore, it is significant to study the OVs in TiO2 and to further modify TiO2 to improve oxide binding for the removal of pollutants.
Hydrothermal extraction of microcrystalline cellulose from post-consumer indigo denim fabrics and evaluation of its UV blocking property
Authors: Sarmiento F M , Aquino C E , Balela M L
Published: November 2024

Waste cotton clothes, including post-consumer denim fabrics, are abundant biopolymer sources due to their high cellulose content. These waste materials commonly end up in landfills, posing health and environmental concerns and losing valuable cellulosic materials. To address these, this study aims to extract and characterize microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from post-consumer indigo denim fabrics using a one-step hydrothermal method and evaluate its UV-blocking properties. FTIR and TGA analysis of raw and bleached denim confirmed the presence and purity of cotton cellulose and the indigo dye. Extracted MCC yielded 70-84%, with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 281-299. XRD analysis of the MCC showed a cellulose Type I structure. FTIR suggests the removal of amorphous phases of cellulose, leaving the crystalline structure. SEM meanwhile revealed rod-shaped and rough-surfaced MCC particles with diameters of 10-20 μm and lengths of 45-60 μm. Both FTIR and SEM indicated the retention of indigo dye on MCC surface. Increased acid hydrolysis time led to smaller particle sizes and higher degree of crystallinity (CrI). Indigo PVA-MCC films showed good transparency and effective UV blocking. These results indicate the successful conversion of denim to MCC via the hydrothermal method and the stability of indigo dye in the cellulose matrix.