bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four-dimensional trajectory optimization model with priority in continuous time period
Authors: Li Meng , Chu Jianyu , Li Yinfeng , Wu Xianjie
Published: August 2021

This article aims to mitigate the imbalance of capacity and flow in airspace. Targeting to minimize the total delay time, taking the real-life sector operation and aircraft flight rules into consideration, with constraints of sector capacity limit and minimal time interval, the principle to prioritize aircraft when the delay occurred was raised. A trajectory planning model with the priority of aircraft was then established in the model of trajectory based on operation in a continuous period. The traditional genetic algorithm was also improved through the strategy of enhanced elitism preserving and double-stranded chromosome structure. Case studies indicated that the proposed trajectory planning model and solution algorithm have contributed to, over the two periods, an average reduction of 71.77 % in the delay time on optimization effect, and an increase of 19.48 % in the calculation speed. In this case, the model appears to, in a relatively short time, provide a trajectory allocation strategy with security and timeliness, for aircraft operated in consecutive periods. As a result, the sectors can operate without any conflicts while effectively reducing flight delays, minimizing the traffic congestion and potential accidents, so as to take the most advantages of sector resources allocation.
Optimal analysis of gear modification fitting in alternating time domain aiming at minimizing meshing-in impact of teeth-pair contact interface
Authors: Wang Xigui , An Siyuan , Wang Yongmei , Tang Jie , Ruan Jiafu
Published: August 2021

In a pair of actual gears alternating meshing process, the transmission system errors and thermal elastic deformation of the gear teeth can cause gears in the meshing zone to form high contact pairs inconsistently mesh-in and mesh-out points to deviate from the theoretical line, which will lead to sudden changes in meshing velocity and an instantaneous meshing effect. Offline meshing impact generates large additional loads, and it increases the vibration and noise of gear transmission system. Further, the gear teeth mesh-in impact is significantly greater than that of gear teeth mesh out. Therefore, to analyze the impact with the minimum value of gear teeth mesh in, the initial mesh-in points need to be determined, and the meshing impact velocity and impact force of teeth meshing-out need to be calculated. The optimized meshing tooth-pair contact interface (CI) anti-impact numerical calculation mode is validated using the loaded teeth contact analysis method.
Seismic performance analysis of self-centering segment piers with mortise-tenon shear connectors based on cyclic pseudo-static test
Authors: Ni Yongjun , Hao Changshun , Xu Yanzhou
Published: August 2021

In the past decades, more and more precast piers have been used in actual engineering, which brings convenience in construction and standardization of production. However, precast piers still have some shortcomings, such as shear slip between segments and poor energy dissipation. Thus, a self-centering mortise-tenon segmental bridge pier was proposed in this paper. To research the seismic performance of the self-centering mortise-tenon segment piers, three scaled model piers with their scale ratio as 1:3 were designed and prefabricated, namely as a cast-in-place model pier (CP) and 2 self-centering mortise-tenon segment model piers (designated as MTSP1 and MTSP2) with the initial pretension of 1302 MPa and 1488 MPa, respectively. The cyclic pseudo-static tests of the three piers were carried out. The comparison analysis was made respecting to the test results including the damage form, hysteretic characteristics, skeleton curve, energy dissipation capacity, residual displacement and equivalent stiffness of the three specimens. It was shown that MTSP specimens had higher horizontal bearing capacity. While the yield load, ultimate load, displacement ductility coefficient and initial stiffness of MTSP1 and MTSP2 were higher than those of CP. The MTSP had better performance considering the above aspects. The mean value of the residual displacement of MTSP2 was lower than that of CP 21.14 % and 29. 72 % respectively, as the drift ratio reaching 5 %. The MTSP specimens had better self-centering capacity due to the increased pretension stress which reducing the residual displacement greatly. The energy dissipation reinforcements improved the energy dissipation capacity of the segmental assembled piers. Based on the ABAQUS model, the numerical simulation was carried out and compared with the experimental data. MTSP had great energy dissipation capacity and self-centering capacity. It was suggested that MTSP should be used to make up for the deficiency of segmental assembled pier and improve the seismic performance of segmental assembled pier.
Characterization of bacterial fluorescence: insight into rapid detection of bacteria in water
Authors: Mao Yu , Chen Xiao-Wen , Chen Zhuo , Chen Gen-Qiang , Lu Yun , Wu Yin-Hu , Hu Hong-Ying
Published: August 2021

Microbial contamination is one of the main risks affecting water safety. Traditional microbial detection methods tend to be time-consuming and labor-intensive. Thus, this study investigated a potential rapid and simple method for bacterial detection in water by excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy. Particularly, bacterial intrinsic fluorophores were divided into three regions, namely Region A (amino acids), Region N (NAD(P)H) and Region F (flavins). Afterwards, fluorescence characteristics of four pure bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as indigenous bacteria in secondary effluent from two water reclamation plants were evaluated via fluorescence regional integration (FRI). Correlation analysis between fluorescence intensity (FI) integral and bacterial concentration was conducted, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to distinguish the fluorescence spectra of different bacteria. The results showed that most of the bacterial autofluorescence was emitted by amino acids and the FI integral of flavins had a good linear relationship (R2 > 0.9) with bacterial concentration. PCA could distinguish varied bacterial species and bacteria from different secondary effluents. This study indicated that FRI was helpful for the characterization of bacterial fluorescence and the quantification of bacteria in water.
Numerical investigation of flow field around T-shaped spur dyke in a reverse-meandering channel
Authors: Tripathi Ravi Prakash , Pandey K. K.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the flow characteristics around T-shape spur dyke situated in the reverse meandering channel with a rigid bed is simulated using renormalization group (RNG) turbulence model with ANSYS 2018 Fluent software. To solve the model in 3D ways we used Navier-Stroke's equation based on the principle of conservation of mass and momentum within a moving fluid. For studying the flow characteristics, computational fluid dynamics were applied with all geometric parameters and the turbulence was simulated using (RNG) equations of model. In this simulation, the structured meshes were used with different diameters and diameters of meshes are high at the exit channel for obtaining accuracy in the result. In this study, we mainly focus on the effect of Froude number on flow pattern and several other characteristics like velocity distribution, flow separation, bed-shear-stress distribution. The final result of this research work is compared with the condition when no structure is present in the channel.
desempeño fiscal municipal y su influencia en el crecimiento económico de los municipios colombianos
Authors: Carvajal Alexander , López-Camargo Oscar David Andrés Julián
Published: August 2021

Este escrito midió, mediante modelos Econometría espacial con datos de corte transversal, la relación entre el Valor Agregado Municipal Per-cápita (VAMP) y El Índice de Desempeño Fiscal (IDF) en los municipios colombianos para el periodo 2011-2016. La metodología empleada inició probando la existencia de autocorrelación espacial mediante los estadísticos I de Moran y c de Geary; posteriormente, se estimaron modelos espaciales de relación sustantiva y residual. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron la existencia de autocorrelación espacial y la presencia de una relación positiva entre IDF y VAMP. Las principales conclusiones obtenidas indican que es necesario generar mecanismos que permitan mayor homogenización de la producción municipal mediante la liberalización del mercado y la desconcentración del poder de las entidades territoriales. También, es indispensable que los gobiernos municipales propendan por manejar niveles de gasto adecuados y austeros que no entorpezcan el crecimiento económico de su territorio. Las conclusiones mencionadas son útiles, como herramienta de información en la toma de decisiones, para hacedores de política económica a cualquier nivel territorial.
Generation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Tth DNA Polymerase and its Application to Hot-Start PCR
Authors: Tang Yuting , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhang Jian , Wang Jin , Hu Wenhao , Liu Songbai , Luo Zhidan , Xu Henghao
Published: August 2021

Background:

As a heat-resistant polymerase, Thermus thermophilus (Tth) DNA polymerase
can be widely used in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). However, its non-specific amplification
phenomenon is serious, which greatly limits development.

Objective:

In this study, we prepared Tth monoclonal antibodies against Tth DNA polymerase and
researched their application in hot-start PCR.

Methods:

Tth was recombinantly expressed and purified, and used as an antigen to immunize BALB/
c mice to obtain monoclonal antibodies. The qualified monoclonal antibody and Tth were incubated
for a period of time at a certain temperature to obtain the hot-start Tth. We tested the polymerase
activity and exonuclease activity blocking the performance of hot-start Tth. Finally, the
hot-start Tth was applied to one-step RT-PCR.

Results:

Tth with a purity of >95% was obtained, and ten monoclonal antibodies were obtained by
immunization. After incubation, three monoclonal antibodies were identified that could inhibit the
polymerase activity of Tth at low temperature. Furthermore, these three antibodies successfully
eliminated non-specific amplification in practical applications.

Conclusion:

Three monoclonal antibodies were successfully validated. Among them, monoclonal
antibody 9 had the best overall effect. They possess the function of inhibiting at low temperature
and releasing at high temperature, which can be used as Tth polymerase inhibitors in the field of
molecular diagnostics.
New Scope of Targeted Therapies in Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Sonkar Archana , Kumar Pranesh , Gautam Anurag , Maity Biswanath , Saha Sudipta
Published: August 2021

:

Lung Cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Recent research has
also shown LC as a genomic disease, causing somatic mutations in the patients. Tests related to mutational
analysis and genome profiles have lately expanded significantly in the genetics/genomics field
of LC. This review summarizes the current knowledge about different signalling pathways of LC
based on the clinical impact of molecular targets. It describes the main molecular pathways and
changes involved in the development, progression, and cellular breakdown of LC and molecular
changes. This review focuses on approved and targeted experimental therapies such as immunotherapy
and clinical trials that examine the different targeted approaches to treating LC. We aim to clarify
the differences in the extent of various genetic mutations in DNA for LC patients. Targeted molecular
therapies for LC can be continued with advanced racial differences in genetic changes, which have a
significant impact on the choice of drug treatment and our understanding of the profile of drug susceptibility/
resistance. The most relevant genes described in this review are EGFR, KRAS, MET, BRAF,
PIK3CA, STK11, ERBB3, PTEN, and RB1. Combined research efforts in this field are required to
understand the genetic difference in LC outcomes in the future.
Bone Deleterious Effects of Different NRTIs in Treatment-naïve HIV Patients After 12 and 48 Weeks of Treatment
Authors: Atencio Patricia , Conesa-Buendía Francisco Miguel , Cabello-Ubeda Alfonso , Llamas-Granda Patricia , Pérez-Tanoira Ramón , Prieto-Pérez Laura , Álvarez Beatriz Álvarez , Acosta Irene Carrillo , Arboiro-Pinel Rosa , Díaz-Curiel Manuel , Largo Raquel , Herrero-Beaumont Gabriel , Górgolas Miguel , Mediero Aránzazu
Published: August 2021

Background:

Bone alterations have been observed in the course of HIV infection, characterized
by a marked decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and an increase in the frequency of
fractures as a result of fragility. We aim to evaluate early changes in bone metabolic profile and the
possible association with tenofovir and other nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
(NRTIs) in treatment-naïve HIV patients.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective study in naïve HIV-infected adults (under 50 years), separated
into three groups according to NRTI therapy: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF); tenofovir
alafenamide (TAF) and abacavir (ABC). BMD and epidemiological, immunological and metabolic
bone parameters were evaluated. Bone markers were analyzed in plasma at baseline, 12 and 48
weeks after initiating treatment.

Results:

Average age of patients was 34.8 years (± 9.6). 92.4% of them with CD4 count > 200
cel/μL. At week 12 after starting treatment, both TDF [increase in PN1P (31.7%, p = 0.004), TRAP
(11.1%, p = 0.003), OPN (19.3%, p = 0.045) and OC (38.6%, p = 0.001); decrease in OPG
(-23.4%, p = 0.003)] and TAF [increase in 42.6% for CTX (p = 0.011), 27.3% for OC (p = 0.001)
and 21% for TRAP (p = 0.008); decrease in OPG (-28.8%, p = 0.049)] presented a deep resorption
profile compared to ABC, these differences in bone molecular markers, a tendency to equalize at
week 48, where no significant differences were observed. Patients treated with TDF showed the
greatest decrease in Z-score in both lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) at week 48 without
statistically significant differences.

Conclusions:

Treatment-naïve HIV patients have a high prevalence of low bone density. Treatment
with TDF is associated with greater bone deterioration at 12 and 48 weeks. TAF seems to present
similar early bone deterioration at 12 weeks which disappears at 48 weeks.
Fibrinolytic Enzymes From Extremophilic Microorganisms in the Development of New Thrombolytic Therapies: Technological Prospecting
Authors: Soares Bispo James Romero , de Oliveira Lima Igor Gomes , da Silva Maurício Bernardo , de Oliveira Feitosa Alexya , dos Santos Ana Caroline Melo , Alexandre Moreira Magna Suzana , Zambrano Passarini Michel Rodrigo , Saraiva Câmara Paulo Eduardo Aguiar , Rosa Luiz Henrique , Oliveira Valéria Maia , de Queiroz Aline Cavalcanti , Fernandes Duarte Alysson Wagner
Published: August 2021

Extremophilic microorganisms from a wide variety of extreme natural environments
have been researched, and many biotechnological applications have been carried
out, due to their capacity to produce biomolecules resistant to extreme conditions, such
as fibrinolytic proteases. The search for new fibrinolytic enzymes is important in the development
of new therapies against cardiovascular diseases. This article aimed to evaluate
the patents filed about protease with fibrinolytic activity produced by extremophilic
microorganisms whose use is aimed at the development of new drugs for the treatment of
cardiovascular diseases. The prospecting was carried out using data on deposits and patent
concessions made available on the technological bases: European Patent Office (EPO),
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO), Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial – Brazil (INPI), The
LENS and Patent Inspiration. The International Patent Classification and subclasses and
groups for each document were also evaluated. Although 382 patents were selected using
terms related to extreme environments, such as “thermophile” and “acidophiles”, few
were related to clinical use and were mainly performed using Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces
megasporus strains. A highlight of nattokinase was produced by Bacillus subtilis
GDN and actinokinase by Streptomyces megasporus SD5. The low number of patents on
enzymes with this profile (extreme environments) revealed a little-explored field, promising
in the development of new microbial thrombolytic drugs, such as fibrinolytic enzymes
with less adverse effects.
Determining the Applicability of Moyer’s Analysis in the Contemporary Western Australian Adolescent Population
Authors: Abaid Sidra , Zafar Sobia , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc
Published: August 2021

Background:

Moyer’s probability tables have been widely used to determine the mesiodistal dimensions of unerupted canines and premolars for mixed dentition space analysis. Secular, racial, and sexual dimorphism have been reported in the literature and the applicability of Moyer’s analysis has been doubted in many other populations.

Objective:

The present study was conducted to determine the applicability of Moyer’s probability tables and develop a more accurate prediction method in a contemporary Western Australian adolescent population.

Methods:

A retrospective study, including 500 participants (323 females, 177 males) between 13-18 years old attending the orthodontic private practice, was conducted. Mesiodistal dimensions of selected participants were obtained from pre-orthodontic treatment digital dental records using Invisalign® technology (Invisalign®, Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Data were analysed using SPSS. New regression equations were derived based on the sum of permanent mandibular incisors, and probability tables were proposed for more accurate prediction.

Results:

Significant differences were found between the measured sum of permanent canine-premolar segments and those predicted with the Moyer’s probability table, at all percentile levels, except the 50th percentile, where no significant difference was observed.

Conclusion:

Moyer’s probability table can be applied at the 50th percentile for estimation of sum of mesiodistal dimensions of canine-premolars segments. Newly developed regression equations and tables could be considered to provide more accurate mixed dentition space analysis.
Optimising Conditions for Encapsulation of Salacia chinensis Root Extract enriched with Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Ngo Thanh V. , Scarlett Christopher J. , Bowyer Michael C. , McCullum Rebecca , Vuong Quan V.
Published: August 2021

Background:

S. chinensis extract contains bioactive compounds, which exhibit high antioxidant
activities. However, for commercial uses, it is necessary to encapsulate the extract to protect
it from degradation.

Objective:

This study aimed to optimise spray-drying conditions and then compare spray-drying
with freeze-drying to identify the most suitable conditions for the encapsulation of Salacia chinensis
L. root extract.

Method:

Three factors of spray-drying encapsulation, including maltodextrin concentration, inlet
temperature, and feed rate, have been tested for the impacts on the physical and phytochemical
properties of S. chinensis root extract. Based on the optimal conditions, the spray-drying was then
compared with freeze-drying.

Results:

The results showed that maltodextrin concentration, inlet temperature, and feed rate had
significant impacts on recovery yield, phenolics, mangiferin, and antioxidant activity of the spraydried
extract. The optimal spray-drying encapsulation conditions were maltodextrin concentration
of 20%, inlet temperature of 130ºC, and a feed rate of 9 mL/min. Under these optimal conditions,
the encapsulated extract had comparable solubility, total phenolics, mangiferin, antioxidant activity,
lower bulk density, moisture content, and water activity as compared to encapsulated extract
made using the freeze-drying technique. These optimal spray-drying conditions are recommended
to encapsulate the extract of S. chinensis root.

Conclusion:

Spray-drying was found to be more effective for the encapsulation of S. chinensis root
extract than freeze-drying. Therefore, spray-drying is recommended for further applications.
Propuesta tecnológica para la implementación de una planta fotovoltaica de 4.5 kwp para la comunidad rural altoandina San Francisco de Raymina, Ayacucho-Perú
Authors: Salvador Tixe Carlos Alberto , Horn Mutschler Manfred
Published: August 2021

El presente documento forma parte de un trabajo de investigación, en donde se estudia la situación energética de la comunidad rural altoandina San Francisco de Raymina, ubicada en la Región Ayacucho a 3798 msnm. Se  describe y analiza la situación actual del suministro de energía eléctrica de la localidad. Sobre la base de un diagnóstico situacional, identificando las necesidades (uso y consumo) de energía eléctrica de la población, y una evaluación del potencial energético renovable del lugar, se plantea una solución tecnológica limpia y viable. Particularmente, como la comunidad tiene un suministro de electricidad muy limitado, típico de muchos pueblos similares, insuficiente para el desarrollo de actividades productivas, se propone una instalación fotovoltaica local, a fin de reemplazar el sistema de red convencional y satisfacer la demanda local de manera sustentable.
Caracterización térmica-energética de un sistema fotovoltaico de 3,3 kwp interconectado a la red eléctrica: 2015-2019
Authors: Polo Bravo Carlos , Cohaila Mayta Yosimar , Torres Muro Hugo A. , De La Gala Contreras Alessandro
Published: August 2021

Se presenta los resultados térmicos y energéticos obtenidos bajo monitoreo de un sistema solar fotovoltaico de 3,3 KWp interconectado a la red eléctrica de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann de Tacna (UNJBG), Perú; ubicada a una latitud sur de 17,35°, Longitud 72° O y altura de 525 msnm en el periodo 2015-2019. El sistema genera energía eléctrica a 340 V DC, la cual con un inversor la transforma a 220 VAC, 60 Hz la que se entrega a la red eléctrica de la Ciudad Universitaria.  El sistema fotovoltaico está constituido por doce paneles de 275 Wp y 1,65 m 2 cada uno, orientados al norte con unainclinación sur de 19,5°, azimut cero e instalado bajo una arquitectura que permite monitorear automáticamente y registrar cada 15 segundos la temperatura del panel, ambiente y la irradiancia solar  sobre el plano de los paneles, parámetros eléctricos en voltaje continuo (DC) y alterna (AC), durante un año la data disponible es de 365 archivos de 5760 filasx16 columnas, caracterizados bajo las condiciones meteorológicas de la ciudad de Tacna. El sistema está conectado a Internet, de modo tal que se puede monitorear y transferir la data desde cualquier lugar que cuente con el recurso. Para el periodo enero 2015 a diciembre 2019, ha generado 25670 KWh de energía eléctrica en voltaje alterno a 220 V, 60 Hz de frecuencia, alcanzando su máxima producción energética mensual entre los meses de octubre a marzo de 542, en tanto que entre abril y setiembre disminuye aun valor mínimo de 228 en junio, representando una diferencia del42,07 %; lo que ha significado para la UNJBG un ahorro por el consumo de energía eléctrica de $ 779 por año. La eficiencia promedio anualizada del sistema es del 13,75 %. la temperatura de los módulos en promedio mensual interanual varía entre valores máximos de 42,9 °C y mínimos de 28,6°C, en tanto que los valores instantáneos máxima superficial del panel de 51,3 °C en enero (verano) y la mínima de 41,8 °C en junio (invierno), para cambios de temperatura ambiental máxima entre de 30,1 y 20,5 °C, respectivamente.
Control de armónicos en transformador eléctrico de potencia de planta de manufactura mediante filtro pasivo incorporado optimizado con algoritmo de forraje bacterial
Authors: Yarin Achachagua Anwar Julio , Salazar Huamani Gustavo Néstor , Chávez Vivar Javier
Published: August 2021

A través de esta investigación se busca realizar el estudio y caracterización de un filtro pasivo de distorsión armónica aplicado a la protección de una SS.EE de distribución ubicada al interior de una planta de manufactura, teniendo por propósito principal su diseño en base a los parámetros internos del transformador, como su reactancia capacitiva e inductiva, y la optimización del filtro mediante el método heurístico tipo enjambre de partículas llamado algoritmo de forraje bacterial. El filtro pasivo utiliza la propia capacitancia del transformador y una externa para sintonizar la banda de rechazo en el intervalo de frecuencias de las corrientes armónicas. Para validar esta condición se utiliza el equipo CPC 100Omicrom, que permite obtener las medidas de tangente delta.

De esta manera, el objetivo de este filtro pasivo incorporado es lograr condiciones de trabajo adecuadas y mejoradas atendiendo a las necesidades de proteger tanto el transformador como la maquinaria de planta a la que brinda suministro, especialmente en circunstancias críticas en que los armónicos presentes en la red son altamente agresivos.
Análisis del rendimiento térmico de un calentador solar de aire de convección natural con absorbente corrugado y lecho poroso
Authors: Quiñonez Choquecota Jose
Published: August 2021

Se analiza el efecto del lecho poroso en un calentador solar de aire con placa absorbente corrugado en V y un diseño que facilita la libre convección, en términos de parámetros de rendimiento y eficiencia térmica. El colector se evaluó, con y sin lecho poroso, en condiciones climáticas similares al montar sobre una pared vertical. Los resultados revelaron que el flujo másico está directamente afectado con la temperatura ambiente. Se observó que el lecho poroso afecta la subcapa laminar de la placa absorbente generando mayor turbulencia que mejora la tasa de transferencia de calor, por tanto, el colector con lecho poroso presenta mayor temperatura en su interior y disminuye ligeramente su eficiencia. Además, el lecho poroso funciona como almacén de calor que reduce inestabilidades lo cual permite una temperatura de salida uniforme y permite aumentar el tiempo de funcionamiento. El colector es de bajo costo, es respetuoso con el medio ambiente y factible para calefacción de ambientes en zonas frígidas.
Comportamiento de las redes de baja tensión ante la presencia de generación fotovoltaica
Authors: Villavicencio Gastelu Joel , Melo Trujillo Joel David , Padilha Feltrin Antônio
Published: August 2021

El impacto de la generación fotovoltaica en el comportamiento de la red eléctrica depende de la cantidad de potencia inyectada. Así, durante el análisis de la red, todos los factores que pueden influenciar esa potencia deben ser considerados. En este trabajo, una metodología para analizar el comportamiento de la red ante la presencia de generación fotovoltaica es presentada. La metodología propuesta tiene en cuenta la naturaleza estocástica de la inserción fotovoltaica en la red a través del método de simulación de Monte Carlo. A fin de evaluar la influencia de la coincidencia entre la generación fotovoltaica y la demanda, una red de baja tensión trifásica con usuarios residenciales y comerciales es considerada. Las simulaciones son realizadas a lo largo de un día y considerando varios niveles de penetración fotovoltaica. Por lo tanto, la metodología presentada puede ser utilizada en los estudios de planeamiento de la operación realizados por las concesionarias de energía
Penguatan Kapasitas SDM-ASN Berbasis Kinerja di BAPPEDA Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Rahman Auliya Gaffar
Published: August 2021

This research focuses on efforts to strengthen the capacity of the apparatus of human resources within the Bappeda office in the Banyuwangi Regency. One effort to improve the quality of the apparatus is the method of education and training (Diklat), salary systems, and working conditions. This study aims to determine the process of strengthening the capacity of the HR apparatus in the Bappeda environment and the factors that influence the strengthening of the HR capacity of the apparatus within the Bappeda environment. This study uses a qualitative method. In this research, the theory used is the theory of capacity development initiated by Grindle. The results of this study are that strengthening the capacity of human resources with the education and training methods carried out by Banyuwangi Bappeda has an impact on improving the performance of each apparatus in accordance with their main tasks and functions. The working conditions in the Bappeda of Banyuwangi Regency are classified as good, as can be seen from routine coaching between superiors and staff. The payroll system is in accordance with applicable regulations.
Koordinasi Antar Bidang dan Kerjasama Badan Kepegawaian Daerah dengan Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Lainnya di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Probolinggo dalam Pemutakhiran Data Sistem Informasi Administrasi Pegawai (SIAP Online)
Authors: Adhitama Mirza Surya
Published: August 2021

With the presence of Presidential Instruction No. 3/2003 concerning to thr National e-Government Development Policies and Strategies, the President instructed the implementation of E-Government development nationally in accordance with their respective duties, functions and authorities. The concrete step in the implementation of e-government in Probolinggo Regency, especially the Regional Personnel Agency is the establishment of an Online Employee Administration Information System (SIAP Online). This study aims to describe the Collaboration of Regional Personnel Agencies with other Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) as well as Coordination between fields in the Regional Personnel Agency in utilizing SIAP Online. Based on the research that has been done, the results show that the collaboration carried out by the Regional Personnel Agency in the framework of presenting staffing data has gone well. This is due to the support in the form of regional regulations and regent regulations that facilitate the cooperation process with other OPDs.
Deep Learning With Anaphora Resolution for the Detection of Tweeters With Depression: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Wongkoblap Akkapon , Vadillo Miguel A , Curcin Vasa
Published: August 2021

Background

Mental health problems are widely recognized as a major public health challenge worldwide. This concern highlights the need to develop effective tools for detecting mental health disorders in the population. Social networks are a promising source of data wherein patients publish rich personal information that can be mined to extract valuable psychological cues; however, these data come with their own set of challenges, such as the need to disambiguate between statements about oneself and third parties. Traditionally, natural language processing techniques for social media have looked at text classifiers and user classification models separately, hence presenting a challenge for researchers who want to combine text sentiment and user sentiment analysis.

Objective

The objective of this study is to develop a predictive model that can detect users with depression from Twitter posts and instantly identify textual content associated with mental health topics. The model can also address the problem of anaphoric resolution and highlight anaphoric interpretations.

Methods

We retrieved the data set from Twitter by using a regular expression or stream of real-time tweets comprising 3682 users, of which 1983 self-declared their depression and 1699 declared no depression. Two multiple instance learning models were developed—one with and one without an anaphoric resolution encoder—to identify users with depression and highlight posts related to the mental health of the author. Several previously published models were applied to our data set, and their performance was compared with that of our models.

Results

The maximum accuracy, F1 score, and area under the curve of our anaphoric resolution model were 92%, 92%, and 90%, respectively. The model outperformed alternative predictive models, which ranged from classical machine learning models to deep learning models.

Conclusions

Our model with anaphoric resolution shows promising results when compared with other predictive models and provides valuable insights into textual content that is relevant to the mental health of the tweeter.
Desensitization to Fear-Inducing COVID-19 Health News on Twitter: Observational Study
Authors: Stevens Hannah R , Oh Yoo Jung , Taylor Laramie D
Published: August 2021

Background

As of May 9, 2021, the United States had 32.7 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 (20.7% of confirmed cases worldwide) and 580,000 deaths (17.7% of deaths worldwide). Early on in the pandemic, widespread social, financial, and mental insecurities led to extreme and irrational coping behaviors, such as panic buying. However, despite the consistent spread of COVID-19 transmission, the public began to violate public safety measures as the pandemic got worse.

Objective

In this work, we examine the effect of fear-inducing news articles on people’s expression of anxiety on Twitter. Additionally, we investigate desensitization to fear-inducing health news over time, despite the steadily rising COVID-19 death toll.

Methods

This study examined the anxiety levels in news articles (n=1465) and corresponding user tweets containing “COVID,” “COVID-19,” “pandemic,” and “coronavirus” over 11 months, then correlated that information with the death toll of COVID-19 in the United States.

Results

Overall, tweets that shared links to anxious articles were more likely to be anxious (odds ratio [OR] 2.65, 95% CI 1.58-4.43, P<.001). These odds decreased (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.2-0.83, P=.01) when the death toll reached the third quartile and fourth quartile (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.85, P=.01). However, user tweet anxiety rose rapidly with articles when the death toll was low and then decreased in the third quartile of deaths (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.37-1.01, P=.06). As predicted, in addition to the increasing death toll being matched by a lower level of article anxiety, the extent to which article anxiety elicited user tweet anxiety decreased when the death count reached the second quartile.

Conclusions

The level of anxiety in users’ tweets increased sharply in response to article anxiety early on in the COVID-19 pandemic, but as the casualty count climbed, news articles seemingly lost their ability to elicit anxiety among readers. Desensitization offers an explanation for why the increased threat is not eliciting widespread behavioral compliance with guidance from public health officials. This work investigated how individuals' emotional reactions to news of the COVID-19 pandemic manifest as the death toll increases. Findings suggest individuals became desensitized to the increased COVID-19 threat and their emotional responses were blunted over time.
Fundraising in Education: Road Map to Involving Medical Educators in Fundraising (Preprint)
Authors: Jalali Alireza , Nyman Jacline A , Hamelin-Mitchell Elaine
Published: August 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Traditional funding models must change as governments decrease funding and often freeze tuition at a domestic level. As a result, universities face an increasing need to diversify their business models, including revenue streams. Therefore, interest in raising significant funds from other sources is stronger than ever, leading to the need for a fundraising approach that is more sophisticated. Medical educators and health professionals are some of the most trusted members of society, and with this paper, the authors aim to raise awareness of the critical role they play in helping universities with their global impact and fundraising efforts.
Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of Roxadustat for Treatment of Anemia in Patients with Non–Dialysis-Dependent CKD
Authors: Provenzano Robert , Szczech Lynda , Leong Robert , Saikali Khalil G. , Zhong Ming , Lee Tyson T. , Little Dustin J. , Houser Mark T. , Frison Lars , Houghton John , Neff Thomas B.
Published: August 2021

Background and objectives

We evaluated the efficacy and cardiovascular safety of roxadustat versus placebo by analyzing data pooled from three phase 3 studies of roxadustat in patients with non–dialysis-dependent CKD and CKD-related anemia.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In the three phase 3, double-blind studies of roxadustat versus placebo evaluating the treatment of CKD-related anemia in patients not requiring dialysis, the primary efficacy end point was mean change from baseline in hemoglobin averaged over weeks 28–52, regardless of rescue therapy. The primary cardiovascular safety end point was a composite measure of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke). MACE plus (MACE+; MACE plus unstable angina and heart failure requiring hospitalization) and all-cause mortality were key secondary safety end points. These safety end points were adjudicated.

Results

A total of 4277 patients with non–dialysis-dependent CKD were randomized (roxadustat, n=2391; placebo, n=1886). Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups; the mean (SD) hemoglobin was 9.1 (0.7) g/dl and mean eGFR was 20 (12) ml/min per 1.73 m2. Patients treated with roxadustat versus those treated with placebo showed a mean change from baseline in hemoglobin averaged over weeks 28–52, regardless of rescue therapy, of 1.9 versus 0.2 g/dl, a treatment difference of 1.7 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.7 to 1.8). Roxadustat reduced the need for red blood cell transfusion in the first 52 weeks versus placebo (6.1 versus 20.4 per 100 patient-exposure years, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.32). There were no increased risks of MACE (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.27), MACE+ (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.21), all-cause mortality (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.26), or individual MACE+ components in patients treated with roxadustat versus those treated with placebo.

Conclusions

Roxadustat was more effective than placebo at increasing hemoglobin in patients with non–dialysis-dependent CKD and anemia, while decreasing transfusion rate and being noninferior to placebo with respect to risk of MACE.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:

A Study of FG-4592 for the Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Not Receiving Dialysis, NCT01750190; Roxadustat in the Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Not Requiring Dialysis (ALPS), NCT01887600; Safety and Efficacy Study of Roxadustat to Treat Anemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Not on Dialysis, NCT02174627
TEORÍAS IMPLÍCITAS DEL LIDERAZGO MASCULINO Y FEMENINO SEGÚN ÁMBITO DE DESEMPEÑO
Authors: Lupano Perugini María Laura , Castro Solano Alejandro
Published: August 2021

Se intentó analizar si existen diferencias en las Teorías Implícitas del Liderazgo (TILs) acerca del liderazgo masculino y femenino según ámbito de desempeño (empresarial, académico y político). Además se buscaron diferencias según ámbito y según sexo de quien responde, para el caso de las TILs acerca del liderazgo femenino. Participaron 441 sujetos (50,3% varones; 49,7% mujeres). Se diseñó un instrumento ad-hoc que solicitaba caracterizar a un/una líder efectivo/a de acuerdo al ámbito. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias en las TILs acerca del liderazgo masculino y femenino según ámbito, pero si existen diferencias por ámbitos tomando las TILs en conjunto. Además se hallaron diferencias en las TILs acerca del liderazgo femenino según ámbito y según sexo de quien responde.
The Concept of the State in Weber’s and Landauer’s Works: an Analysis of the Weberian Definition from the Perspective of Anarchist Theory
Authors:   Higher School of Economics National Research University, Moscow, Russia, Semiglazov G.S.
Published: August 2021

The article focuses on the concept of the state in the works of the German sociologist M. Weber and his contemporary, the anarchist G. Landauer. Specifically, it is commonly thought that Weber has a unique interpretation of the state, its nature, and inalienable characteristics. This Weberian approach did not fit into any of the traditions that existed at that time in Germany (for example, represented by H. Kelsen, G. Jellinek, and O. von Gierke). However, the author of the article tries to demonstrate that three main Weberian aspects of the state — 1) the monopoly on legitimate physical violence, 2) the relationship of domination, which is accompanied by a minimum desire to obey, and 3) the chance for the regular reproducibility of these relationships — are consonant with Landauer’s concept of the state. This discovered conceptual affinity allows one to look at Weber’s sociology from new angles, without being impacted by the personal beliefs of the German scientist, who very critically treated anarchism as a socio-political movement. In the final section of the paper, the author discusses the modern project of “anarchist sociology”, which also uses Weberian methodology. The paper argues that “anarchist sociology” might be a promising social science with ts unique vision of several key sociological topics, such as domination, power, or social inequality.
Ethos versus Habitus: the Ethical Component in Max Weber’s “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism”
Authors:   St Tikhon’s Orthodox University, Moscow, Russia, Zabaev I.V. , Kostrova E.A. ,   St Tikhon’s Orthodox University, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on Max Weber’s understanding of “ethos” in “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” and the benefits afforded by this concept. The reference is not accidental as it is in this work that Weber could consistently explicate his ethical argument. The idea of ethos becomes clearer in comparison with the concept of habitus, which is actively used today in social science. It is shown that the distinction between ethos and habitus may be more productive than the conflation common in modern research. The category “ethos” is compared with the value-rational action from the later typology of action in Weber’s “Economy and Society”, while habitus is associated with traditional action from the same typology. The concept of ethos is further clarified by the example of Weber’s opposition of traditionalism and ethical modern Western capitalism. By focusing on ethical issues and using character as a theoretical tool, Weber not only puts forward a convincing interpretation but lays the foundations for a specific line of analysis in social and economic science. The category of ethos in conjunction with the value-rational type of action acquires special significance due to the potential for novelty and change that is embedded in it.
Simulation stress model of the undersea environment activates the central nervous, neuroendocrine and immune systems and anxiety in rats
Authors:   Naval Medical Center of PLA, 880 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, China, Tang Ying , Zou Ying-Xin , Fan Wei , Chen Shuang-Hong , Fang Yi-Qun , Liu Li-Na , Sun Ying , Jiao Yong
Published: August 2021

The present study was designed to assess the stress responses to a simulation model of the undersea environment that is similar to some undersea working conditions such as submarine rescue, underwater salvage and underwater construction. Restraint, hyperbaric air and immersion were chosen to produce the simulation stress model in rats for four hours. Rats were randomized into five groups: control group, restraint (R) group, hyperbaric air (H) group, restraint plus hyperbaric air (RH) group, and restraint plus hyperbaric air plus immersion (RHI) group. The results showed that the responses to the simulation stress model of the undersea environment induced by R, H, RH and RHI involved the upregulated norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) of the central nervous system (CNS), upregulated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT) and blood glucose of the neuroendocrine system, upregulated interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) of the immune system, and increased anxiety in rats. Compared with hyperbaric air, restraint tended to activate stronger stress responses. Conclusively, this work established a simulation stress model of the undersea environment induced by restraint, hyperbaric air and immersion. It further provided experimental data of such a model that showed significant activation of the CNS, neuroendocrine and immune systems and anxiety in rats. In this experiment we provided an experimental basis for undersea work such as working aboard a submarine.
Book review: “Corporate governance: Theoretical essentials and international practices”
Authors: Vaz Ferreira osé Manuel Bernardo
Published: August 2021

This review covers the textbook titled “Corporate governance: Theoretical essentials and international prectices”, authored by Aws Alhares and Naser Ibrahim Abumustafa (Virtus Interpress, 2021; ISBN: 978-617-7309-17-7). The review focuses particularly on the relationship between corporate governance and financial structure, the role of institutional investors in corporate governance, the board of directors’ impact on performance and the role of non-executive directors, the audit function and the role of regulation international corporate governance, and socially responsible investment. It also highlights the contribution of this textbook to the ongoing discussion on key points relating to corporate governance
Glucose-Lowering Therapy in Patients With Postpancreatitis Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Viggers Rikke , Jensen Morten Hasselstrøm , Laursen Henrik Vitus Bering , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Vestergaard Peter , Olesen Søren Schou
Published: August 2021

Objective: Postpancreatitis
diabetes mellitus (PPDM) is a type of secondary diabetes that requires special
considerations for management. The main objective was to examine prescription patterns
of glucose-lowering therapy among adults with PPDM compared to type 1 and type
2 diabetes.

Research
Design and Methods: In a Danish
nation-wide population-based cohort study we identified all individuals with
adult-onset diabetes mellitus in the period 2000-2018 and categorized them as type
1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or PPDM. We ascertained diabetes incidence rates, clinical and
demographic characteristics, classifications and prescription patterns of glucose-lowering
therapy and compared these parameters across diabetes subgroups.

Results: Among 398,456 adults with new-onset diabetes
mellitus, 5,879 (1.5%) had PPDM, 9,252 (2.3%) type 1 diabetes and the remaining type 2 diabetes (96.2%).
The incidence rate of PPDM was 7.9 (95% CI 7.7-8.1) per 100,000 person-years vs.
12.5 (95% CI 12.2-12.7) for type 1 diabetes (incidence-rate-ratio 0.6; 95% CI 0.6-0.7, p<0.001). A sizeable proportion of PPDM
patients were classified as type 2 diabetes (44.9%) and were prescribed sulfonylureas
(25.2%) and incretin-based therapies (18.0%) that can potentially be harmful in
PPDM. In contrast, 35.0% of patients never received biguanides, which are associated
with a survival benefit in PPDM. Increased insulin requirements were observed
for patients with PPDM compared to type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 3.10; 95% CI 2.96-3.23,
p<0.001) in particular for PPDM associated with chronic pancreatitis (hazard
ratio 4.30; 95% CI 4.01-4.56, p<0.001).

Conclusions: PPDM is a common type of secondary diabetes in
adults but is often misclassified and treated as type 2 diabetes, although PPDM
requires special considerations for management.