bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comment [on Review of “The Genesis Strategy: Climate and global survival”]
Authors: Schneider Stephen H.
Published: October 2011

Helmut E. Landsberg used his review (EOS, September 1976, pages 634–635) of my book, The Genesis Strategy: Climate and Global Survival (with Lynne E. Mesirow, Plenum, 1976), as a platform for a harangue on my professional values and personal style. Instead of keeping within the bounds of a substantive critique of the issues of climate and global survival raised in the book, he indulges in conjectures on such topics as how he thinks I spend my time in professional pursuits and speculates on how I might reform my ways if I ‘intend to contribute to further advancement of science.’ Ironically, to use Landsberg's own words, these ‘conjectures are elevated to facts.’ In any case, they have nothing to do with reviewing a book, and they prompted this rebuttal to set the record straight.
New earthquake monitoring system
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Alyeska Pipeline Service Company has developed a new earthquake monitoring system which will provide almost instantaneous analysis of earthquake activity along the 1290‐km pipeline once it goes into operation.

Conceived by Douglas Nyman, Alyeska seismic engineer, the system will sense the occurrence of an earthquake along the line, determine how severe it is, and fix the approximate location of its epicenter—all within a matter of seconds.
Groundwater modeling
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Groundwater modeling techniques, using mathematical equations and electronics to simulate and predict the behavior of the nation's vast underground water resources, have advanced rapidly in recent years and are now standard tools of the hydrologist, according to Charles A. Appel and John D. Bredehoeft in their report, ‘Status of Ground‐Water Modeling in the U.S. Geological Survey’ (USGS Circular 737).

The brief report summarizes the history of groundwater modeling and the methods of modeling presently in use or under development by the USGS for groundwater studies.
Mathematical models of the magnetic field
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

As the national depository and data service for geomagnetic data, the National Geophysical and Solar‐Terrestrial Data Center (NGSDC) has available several spherical harmonic and polynomial models of the earth's magnetic field as described below. Using these models, NGSDC can furnish listings of reference field values or copies of the Fortran program on punched cards for computing reference field values, which can be used to derive anomalies from observed data and to calculate the magnetic field for specific points.
Physics and chemistry of silicate melts and magmas
Authors: Scarfe C. M. , Piwinskii A. J.
Published: October 2011

Modeling physicochemical magmatic processes occurring within the earth's crust and mantle can provide valuable insight into the generation, evolution, and emplacement of igneous rocks. A fundamental prerequisite is a knowledge of the properties of silicate melts and magmas. However, properties such as diffusion, nucleation, crystal growth, viscosity, electrical conductivity, volatile component solubility, thermodynamics, and structure have been neglected in the past and are not well understood for most melts of geological interest. In order to discuss some of the most recent work in these areas a session was convened which would bring together geochemists, geophysicists, and material scientists currently working on experimental and theoretical aspects of silicate melts and magmas. The one‐day session was held during the Annual Joint Meeting of the Geological and Mineralogical Associations of Canada, Edmonton, May 19—21, 1976.
AGU Pacific Northwest Meeting Report
Authors: Weaver J. T.
Published: October 2011

The Twenty‐Third Annual Meeting of the Pacific Northwest Region of AGU was held at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, on September 30 and October 1, 1976. The meeting attracted 150 registered participants, an attendance roughly equal to the record attendance set in the previous year. A total of 92 scientific papers were submitted for presentation, substantially more than the number submitted at any previous regional meeting.

The program featured four special sessions: Tectonics of Small Plates in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Arctic Oceanography, Problems in Water Management and Applied Hydrology, and Water Resources of the Lower Fraser River. In addition, sessions on Tectonophysics, Meteorology, Oceanography, Hydrology, Seismology, Volcanology and Geomagnetism, and General and Theoretical Geophysics were held. On the final afternoon, slides on the Big Thompson Canyon Flood were presented by A. J. Tamburi of the Western Hydraulic Laboratories in Port Coquitlam, B. C.
This month's cover: Carl Friedrich Gauss—200th anniversary
Authors: Stern David P.
Published: October 2011

Two hundred years ago this month, on April 30, 1777, a boy was born to a poor laborer in Brunswick, Germany, who was destined to leave a lasting imprint on mathematics, physics, astronomy, geodesy, and geomagnetism.

Young Carl showed extraordinary promise even at an early age. When Gauss was 10 years old‐it is a famous story now—his class was assigned a long exercise in arithmetic, adding up all integers from 1 to 100. As soon as the teacher had finished giving the problem, Gauss wrote an answer on his slate and banged it down: ‘Ligget se,’ he exclaimed. ‘It lies down’ (the slate with the answer), or in other words, finished. Of course Gauss never bothered to carry out the addition; he just noticed that the numbers could be paired, 100 with 1, 99 with 2, etc., 50 pairs in all, each equal to 101, and one simple multiplication did the rest.
AGI Scholarship Program
Authors: Spilhaus A. F.
Published: October 2011

In his letter published in the March EOS, Fred Honkala, Executive Director of the American Geological Institute, was thanking each AGU member for his share of the $8000 contribution made to the AGI minority scholarship program. The amount of the contribution was misprinted as $800 in the March issue, and I wanted to correct this point quickly because AGU is proud of its part in this program.
President's page: A look ahead for GRL
Authors: Nagy A. F.
Published: October 2011

As the new editor of Geophysical Research Letters I am pleased to have this opportunity to review the achievements of the journal and to look ahead to its future.

Members of AGU should think of Geophysical Research Letters as the quick way to publish their exciting new ideas, techniques, and observations in a properly reviewed and well‐respected journal. The majority of papers accepted appear in the journal within 90 days of receipt by the editor. Referees assure that the scientific content is of the high quality usually associated with AGU publications. Contributions from many nations and one of the highest circulations among journals devoted to geophysics testify to the respect that Geophysical Research Letters has achieved in its first 3 years. The success of this journal is due mainly to the enthusiasm and hard work of its first editor, Noel Hinners, his assistant editor, Frank Martin, and the AGU production staff. Noel Hinners, with the help of many hard‐working reviewers, has established a high standard for the journal and has demonstrated that rapid review and author‐produced copy can result in a significant decrease in both publication time and cost. All of us in the Union owe Noel and his co‐workers a great deal of appreciation and thanks for a job well done.
Erie Canal Report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A hydrologic ‘postaudit’ of the old Erie Canal—the first major water project in the United States—has been completed by the U.S. Geological Survey and could be helpful in modern water resources planning.

W. B. Langbein, a retired research hydrologist of the USGS and author of the report, said that the total quantities of water taken into the canal made it the largest hydraulic undertaking of its time in the United States.
Mineral repository
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The councils of the Mineraiogical Society of America and of the Geochemical Society have voted unanimously to establish a repository of thermochemically characterized minerals. The Department of Mineral Sciences of the Smithsonian Institution has agreed to provide the repository and to curate the material.
Planning the future of the IDOE
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The U.S. program for the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (IDOE) will end as scheduled in 1980. Plans are now under way to design the ocean research program that will follow the IDOE. The goal will be to identify promising directions for marine research, their potential contributions to national ocean interests over the next 5–10 years, and the management approach most appropriate for carrying out these programs.
AAAS‐Newcomb Cleveland Prize
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is currently accepting nominations for the AAAS‐Newcomb Cleveland Prize.

The award, which previously honored research papers presented at AAAS annual meetings, will henceforth recognize the author of an outstanding paper published from September through August in the Reports section of Science magazine. The first competition year under the new rules starts with the September 3, 1976, issue of Science and ends with the August 26, 1977, issue. The value of the prize has been raised from $2000 to $5000; the winner will also receive a bronze medal.
SEAN report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following geophysical and astronomical events were reported by the Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN, Smithsonian Institution, NHB Stop 129, Washington, D.C. 20560).
OES solicits suggestions
Authors: Oliver Jake E.
Published: October 2011

The Office of Earth Sciences (OES) and its Advisory Board, Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Research Council, are anxious to have the assistance of earth scientists in assuring that their responsibilities are fully met. These responsibilities include continued awareness and active concern for the health of the earth sciences, identification of opportunities for the earth sciences in meeting national needs, and fostering of awareness of scientific advances that may help resolve national problems. Atmospheric, oceanographic, and solid earth scientists are invited to suggest activities at the national level to the office and its advisory board.

In making such suggestions, individual earth scientists have an opportunity to affect science and technology related to national problems. For example, at the suggestion of a leading earth scientist the Committee on Resources and Man was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1967 and the committee's report entitled ‘Resources and Man’ was published in 1969. The report weighed critical resource constraints, considered the time scale within which our society would have to cope with them, and recommended steps to improve our capability to deal with them. This report was read by members of Congress, other government officials, and thousands of citizens. It undoubtedly had a major impact. More recently, a leading scientist suggested that geodesy as a discipline should be reviewed, with emphasis on the infusion of new technology and science into current conventional efforts in the field. A committee was established in 1975; it is currently reviewing this subject and will report its recommendations in the near future. This report will be read by government officials, scientists in the field, and the public.
Removal of halocarbons from atmosphere
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A possible means of destruction of halocarbons by sunlight in the lower atmosphere has been demonstrated for the first time in laboratory experiments conducted at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in Gaithersburg, Maryland.

NBS chemists Pierre J. Ausloos and Richard E. Rebbert report that solar radiation of wavelengths which reach the earth's lower atmosphere (troposphere) can break down fluorocarbon 11 (CFC13), fluorocarbon 12 (CF2C12), and carbon tetrachloride (CC14) if the chemicals are first adsorbed (physically bound) onto sand or quartz.
Seed program
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation announces the Scientists and Engineers in Economic Development (Seed) program for the second half of 1977. Under this program, scientists and engineers from U.S. colleges and universities teach and conduct research in developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The program is designed for U.S. scientists and engineers to share their knowledge and experience in fields important to the economic development of the host country—engineering, physical sciences, earth sciences, biological sciences, social sciences, and science education.

The program, funded by the Agency for International Development and administered by the National Science Foundation, provides two types of awards: research/teaching grants, enabling a scientist or engineer to spend five months to a year conducting research or teaching, or both, at an academic institution in the host country of his or her choice (stipends and fringe benefits up to $1500 per month), and international travel awards, which permit scientists and engineers to make short‐term visits to conduct seminars, give lectures, review specific research projects, survey educational developments, or make other contributions. Applications for travel support may be submitted at any time. Research/teaching grants may be of particular interest to faculty members who will be on sabbatical leave.
USRA adds nine new members
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Universities Space Research Association held the ninth annual meeting of its Council of Institutions on March 25, 1977, in Washington, D.C. Nine universities were voted into the association. The new members and their institutional representatives are the University of Alaska, Keith B. Mather; Arizona State University, John W. Larimer; Boston College, Robert Carovillano; Georgetown University, Stephen Cheston; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (readmitted), John McCarthy, Jr.; University of New Hampshire, John A. Lockwood; New York University, Eugene Isaacson; Princeton University, Gerard K. O/Neill; and the University of Texas at Dallas, Frances S. Johnson. USRA now lists 51 universities as members of the association.
Coastal zone maps to be published
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A series of coastal zone maps of U.S. areas showing both the topography of the land and the bathymetry of the ocean and other water areas is to be published jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Ocean Survey. The multicolor maps are designed for use mainly by coastal zone planners and administrators as well as conservationists, environmentalists, and others interested in programs, projects, and activities from the coastal wetlands to the outer continental shelf (OCS).

The joint announcement by the USGS and NOS stated that effective administration of coastal zone activities such as federal OCS oil and gas leasing and development, nearshore and onshore oil and gas programs administered by states, federal water pollution activities, and the new coastal energy impact program requires maps that accurately delineate the land and ocean bottom characteristics.
Atmosat balloon applications for tropospheric research
Authors: Heinsheimer T. F. , Neushul P. C.
Published: October 2011

The first manned superpressure balloon has been developed to provide a new means for monitoring pollution transport and making physical and chemical measurements en route. The use of new high‐strength fabrics allows the construction of a balloon that contains its lifting gas (helium) under pressure and thereby provides long‐term flight stability, unachieved by any other method. Three flights, each in excess of 30‐hour duration, have already been accomplished, demonstrating the ability of such vehicles to remain at a constant density level without perturbing air chemistry. Such a platform will allow the determination of air trajectories over many hundreds of miles. The use of trained observers onboard will facilitate the collection of atmospheric data: ozone, NO, SO2 temperature gradients, turbulence, etc. This important development will see widespread application in the coming year as experiments are flown for various agencies. Interested scientists are being encouraged to provide experiments for future flights.
New ozone evolution theory proposed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Atmospheric ozone may have evolved several hundred million years earlier than was previously believed according to Joel S. Levine, NASA/Langley Research Center, Paul B. Hays, University of Michigan, and James C. G. Walker, National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center.

Their new ozone evolution chronology, presented in a paper given at the spring AGU meeting, is based on a photochemical model developed to investigate the evolution of ozone as photosynthetic activity increased molecular oxygen from a trace gas to its present level. The ozone evolution model, which considers the effects of varying oxygen levels as well as the effects of nitrogen and hydrogen chemistry and vertical eddy transport, simplifies the relationship between oxygen level and ozone content. Oxygen regulates ozone formation via direct chemistry while also limiting the depth of penetration of solar ultraviolet radiation into the atmosphere. Lower levels of oxygen permit the important deeper penetration of solar ultraviolet radiation into the atmosphere. Thus the formation of stratospheric ozone is initiated by the formation of oxygen atoms via the photodissociation of the oxygen molecule by solar ultraviolet radiation. The newly formed oxygen atom then combines with an oxygen molecule in the presence of any third molecule to form ozone.
A modeling concept for energy use
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Elmer R. Reiter and other researchers at Colorado State University have examined the impact of industrial consumers switching from natural gas to other energy sources. This will wipe out one of the emergency energy supplies that cities have routinely used in severe weather—the interruptible industrial consumer. If there are no longer any major interruptible customers, storage is the only possible buffer against excessive demand fluctuations.

Reiter, in a talk at the spring AGU meeting, pointed out that ‘the last winter should have taught us a valuable lesson. It can serve as an example for the weather‐caused variability in gas demand with which our delivery system will have to cope’.
Water consumption for a 12‐ounce can of beverage: 2100 ounces
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Having a can of pop instead of water with your meals may seem like a solution to the droughts plaguing much of the nation. Unfortunately, a 12‐oz can of beverage probably used 66.6 quarts of water before it found its way to your dinner table.

This perspective on water use information comes from I. C. James II , J. C. Kammerer, and C. R. Murray, hydrologists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Center in Reston, Virginia, and is published in the USGS 1976 annual report.
Greenland Ice Sheet monitored by Geos 3
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Geos 3, the geodynamics experimental oceanographic satellite, can measure ice surface elevation with a resolution as good as 1 m. H. Ray Stanley, project scientist at NASA/Wallops Flight Center, reported at the spring AGU meeting that 100,000 km2 of the southern Greenland ice sheet from latitudes 60° north to 65° north are being contoured in the first Geos 3 ice survey.

Ground‐based radar and lasers, several hundred kilometers apart, track the satellite to allow for computation of its height above the earth's ellipsoid, while the downpointing radar satellite altimeter measures the distance between the satellite and the ice surface. The elevation of the ice surface—a crucial measurement for climate studies—is then calculated by subtracting the altimeter measurement from the computed satellite height above the ellipsoid.
Deep‐sea quartz is paleoclimate indicator
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Quartz crystals deposited in deepsea sediments hold clues about the winds that originally carried them from land. Taking a 3‐m sample of the ocean floor some 1600 km west of Africa, J. Paul Dauphin, University of Rhode Island, found that the size of quartz grains varied with core depth. He attributed this variation to the changes in wind as the earth climate changed. The stronger winds during glacial periods would carry larger grains of sand out to deep‐sea locations.
NSF peer review survey
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Survey data were collected from 2684 applicants and 1068 reviewers. Some selected results are that (1) nearly all applicants whose most recent proposal was funded believe that review procedures are appropriate, but 50% of those whose most recent proposal was declined believe the procedures are inappropriate; (2) a majority of both applicants and reviewers thought that the NSF should require some type of peer review for all proposals; and (3) reviewers were well matched to proposals but a weakness exists in the lack of feedback and in the opportunity for favoritism.
Nominations for officers 1978–1980
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The council of AGU has received and considered the report of the nominating committee comprised of Chairman William C. Ackermann, Randolph W. Bromery, Michael B. McElroy, and Charles Schubert and has considered the nominations proposed by the nominating committees of the various sections. Members of AGU are invited to submit additional nominees by petition in accord with the bylaws. Each petition must be signed by at least 1% of the voting members of the union or section, as the case may be, and such petitions must be received by the general secretary before the 30‐day notification period has expired. Petitions will be honored if received by November 28, 1977. The number of names required to make a petition nomination is as follows: Union, 1195; Geodesy, 5; Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, 75; Hydrology, 215; Meteorology, 105; Oceanography, 155; Planetology, 75; Seismology, 115; Solar‐Planetary Relationships, 155; Tectonophysics, 95; and Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology, 12.
Awards Presented at the Spring Meeting: Fourteenth Presentation: John Adam Fleming Award to Francis S. Johnson for Original Research and Technical Leadership in Geomagnetism, Atmospheric Electricity, Aercmomy, and Related Sciences
Authors: Johnson Francis S. , Bowhill Sidney
Published: October 2011

Francis Severin Johnson was born in Omak, Washington, in 1918 and was brought up in Canada, receiving his B.S. degree in physics in 1940 from the University of Alberta. He received an M.S. degree in meteorology from UCLA in 1942 and his Ph.D. in 1958. He served in the U.S. Air Force as a weather officer and forecaster during World War II. He joined the Naval Research Laboratory's optics division in 1946. As head of the high‐altitude research section he participated in the development of ultraviolet spectrographs and promoted their use on V2, and later Aerobee, rockets.
Awards Presented at the Spring Meeting: Sixteenth Presentation: James B. Macelwane Award to Ignacio Rodriguez‐Iturbe in Recognition of Significant Contributions to the Geophysical Sciences by a Young Scientist of Outstanding Ability
Authors: Freeze R. Allan , Rodriguez‐Iturbe Ignacio
Published: October 2011

The fundamental problem in hydrology, in both the theoretical and the applied sense, is the prediction of streamflow. While there have been the usual stepwise improvements in our understanding of the mechanisms of the various components of the hydrologic cycle that transfer rainfall into streamflow, the overall problem of prediction must be viewed in a stochastic sense. There are great uncertainties in the processes, the parameters, and the measured inputs and outputs. The study of stochastic hydrology attempts to provide a theoretical framework for the prediction of floods and droughts, the design of hydraulic structures, and the optical management of water resource systems. During the past decade there has been a burst of research activity that has placed increased emphasis on the application of the powerful techniques of time‐series analysis in the study of hydrologic phenomena. One of the leaders in this effort has been Ignacio Rodriguez‐Iturbe, who is now to be honored as a recipient of the James B. Macelwane Award.
Awards Presented at the Spring Meeting: Sixteenth Presentation: James B. Macelwane Award to Christopher T. Russell in Recognition of Significant Contributions to the Geophysical Sciences by a Young Scientist of Outstanding Ability
Authors: Lanzerotti L. J. , Russell Christopher T.
Published: October 2011

It is an honor and a pleasure for me this evening to introduce to you one of the recipients of the Macelwane Award, Dr. C. T. Russell of the University of California, Los Angeles. This award is presented by the AGU for outstanding scientific contributions by a young scientist, and it is very fitting that Chris be one of the recipients this year.

A Canadian citizen, Chris was born in England and received his undergraduate degree from the University of Toronto. Even a casual glance at Chris's bibliography and curriculum vitae will show that he has been very active in research since receiving his Ph.D. from UCLA in 1968. He has made significant contributions to a wide range of space science and geophysics activities. His analyses of satellite data and theoretical interpretations have ranged over the frequency spectrum from studies of ultra low frequency hydromagnetic waves in the earth's magnetosphere to studies of low‐frequency waves and their influences on particle transport and loss processes in the earth's Van Allen radiation belts. His contributions also include studies of waves in the solar wind and their generation by the shock wave in front of the magnetosphere. In terms of ‘solid‐body’ geophysics he has been an important contributor to studies of induction by the interplanetary field in the moon in order to better understand the total conductivity profile of the earth's nearest celestial neighbor.
Intelligent grandperson?
Authors: White Mary L.
Published: October 2011

Poor, poor, poor! That you should unintentionally insult two valuable segments of our society in your April EOS by your use of the ‘grandmother principle’ is inexcusable. Why not use ‘concerned citizen,’ ‘informed layperson,’ ‘amateur scientist,’ any number of phrases to connote the same meaning without the patronizing attitude?
Correction [to the cover of the August 1977 issue]
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The photograph printed on the cover of the August issue was not correctly referenced. Henry B. Garrett was the photographer. We apologize for the incorrect crediting of this photograph.
President's page: Studies in geophysics
Authors: Aldrich L. Thomas
Published: October 2011

Your money talks to the AGU already in a variety of ways. In general you must be satisfied with the product as you pay your dues, your journal subscriptions, your page and reprint charges, and your meeting registration and abstract payments. If the Union fails to meet member needs, there is direct recourse available to the individual in the form of resignation of his membership, cancellation of his subscriptions, publication in other journals, and nonparticipation in our meetings. Our 40 corporate members also could be said to receive ‘full value’ for their contribution to the Union in that they can receive the entire JGR at the member price and also provide monthly reminders to the membership through their listing in EOS of their corporation's concern for the health of the Union. Another class of response to the activities of the Union is that of our associate members.
The Lowdermilk plan: An old dream and a new reality
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The idea of exploiting the 400‐ meter height difference between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea to generate electric power has been the dream of Israeli planners as far back as the 1920's. In the 1930's, Walter Clay Lowdermilk, past president of the AGU, expounded an almost visionary plan calling for the digging of a seawater canal from Haifa Bay to the Dead Sea to generate hydroelectric power on a vast scale. Recent advances in tunnel technology have finally made the Lowdermilk plan both technically and financially feasible. According to recent Israeli estimates, a pipeline‐canal from the Mediterranean to the Dead Sea could provide sufficient thrust to run a 600‐MW power station—enough to supply roughly 20% of the country's present energy needs. The flow of water could also be regulated to provide power when most needed during peak periods of consumption.
Monsoon experiment to be included in Garp
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The driving mechanisms behind monsoons are not yet well understood; thus a monsoon experiment (called Monex) was incorporated into the Global Atmospheric Research Program (Garp). Monex will have three components, all conducted in connection with the First Garp Global Experiment (FGGE) in 1979. FGGE will provide the basic observing system for Monex, but additional platforms and stations will supplement the FGGE network in the Monex experiment area that extends from 30°N to 20°S and from 35° to 150°E.

The winter component of Monex will focus on the South China Sea and adjacent island and coastal areas, where a vast area of convective activity and rainfall periodically floods waterways. Beginning in December 1978, this effort will last through the First FGGE Special Observing Period (SOP I) from January 5 to March 5, 1979. FGGE dropwindsondes will be used to measure equatorial winds, and other studies will examine the inversion layer and the low‐level jet over the west Arabian Sea.
Study shows hurricanes pushing bottom sediments
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Hurricanes generate bottom currents in ocean waters 5 km deep, according to a recent study by Patrick Taylor of the Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity (NORDA). With an array of current meters on the ocean bottom northeast of Bermuda.

Taylor recorded currents of more than 30 cm/s generated by three of the hurricanes that passed over the surface. A fourth storm generated a current nearly that strong. This work began as an effort to find out what disturbed the sediment on the flanks of the Gilliss Seamount, a submarine volcano that rises 3 km above the sea floor 576 km northeast of Bermuda.
Climatic Trend Study slated for Greenland
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Chester Langway, Jr., is coordinating the National Science Foundation's Greenland Ice Sheet Program (GISP). GISP will focus on improved understanding of climatic trends and tracing atmospheric circulation and transport of such organic pollutants as DDT, other pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and chlorofluorocarbons.

This summer's GISP work was somewhat preliminary, since the research team was scheduled to do only shallow drilling while studying potential areas for future deeper drilling. Drilling to the bedrock 3050 meters beneath the ice will not occur until 1980.
Geothermal energy promising potential for Idaho
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The geology of the Snake River Plain and of the adjacent Island Park and Yellowstone areas suggests a major thermal anomaly that, if it can be tapped, could provide much of the future energy requirements of Idaho.

Working from this thesis, the State of Idaho and the U.S. Geological Survey began a 3‐year assessment of the geothermal energy potential of the Snake River Plain, where most of Idaho's population lives. Major objectives of the geothermal project include developing a geological model of the eastern Snake River Plain;; using this model to evaluate the probability of additional major geothermal resources; and testing, by deep drilling, the most promising geothermal areas.
SEAN report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following geophysical and astronomical events were reported byte Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN), Smithsonian Institution, NHB Stop 129, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Volcanic EventsAfter several months of quiescence, Mt. Etna (Italy) began to erupt during the early morning of July 16 from a new vent at 3200‐m elevation, just north of the northeast crater. The new vent, containing a small lava lake, waste source of two lava flows, the larger of which moved east into the Valle del Leone and the smaller to the north. By July 18 the flows had reached about 2 km and 800 m in length, respectively. Shortly after the first lava effusion, Strombolian activity began from the new vent, rapidly increasing in frequency and power. Ejecta reached 600 m in height and covered an area about 1 km in diameter. The explosions had ended by July 20, and lava extrusion ceased July 23–24.
AGU Scholars
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In recognition of the strong support of the American Geophysical Union and the largest single contribution to the American Geological Institute Minority Participation Program, 12 of this year's scholarship recipients have been designated ‘AGU scholars.’ The AGU scholars have all elected courses of study related to the broad areas of interest of the American Geophysical Union.

We are pleased to announce the 1977–1978 AGU scholars.
AGU Chapman Conference: Second Magnetospheric Cleft Symposium
Authors: Banks P. M.
Published: October 2011

The notion that magnetospheric research has drifted into a region of scientific doldrums has received recent attention and not‐so‐gentle probing. The spirited discussion and scientific excitement pervading the Second Magnetospheric Cleft Symposium, however, argues strongly fora highly viable state of the discipline as the traditional ideas of magnetospheric structure and space plasma electrodynamics are tested and found lacking. From the new results presented at this symposium it is readily apparent that voyages of discovery in the magnetosphere and ionosphere continue to provide a wealth of important new information about the complex processes linking the solar wind and the earth.

The magnetospheric cleft, the subject of this symposium, is a unique feature of the high‐latitude dayside magnetosphere first identified in 1971 by Heikkila and Winningham [1971]and by Frank [1971]. As seen near the earth, the cleft occupies a narrowband centered near noon but greatly elongated in longitude. Within this band, precipitation of energetic particles occurs while auroral emissions,intense currents, large electric fields,atmosphere heating, and ionospheric fluctuations are continually present.The region of disturbance extends outward along magnetic field lines tote boundary of the magnetosphere, diverging in width as the magnetic field lines open toward the magnetopause (see Figure 1).
Support new journals
Authors: Campbell Ian , Heicklen Julian
Published: October 2011

A resounding cheer for your article, ‘Birth of a Journal,’ in EOS for July 1977! The principle you espouse deserves far wider circulation and attention (whether with or without its specific reference to AGU) than even EOS can bring. Let me urge your consideration for this.
New view of Martian moon
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Mars may someday have Saturnlike rings around it. This is the conclusion of scientists studying Viking close‐up photomosaics of the Martian moon, Phobos. The group of chaotic linear grooves in the middle and lower portions of the picture has not been previously observed. The grooves could result from surface fracturing caused by tidal forces of Mars and impacts with large debris. The photomosaic at left is from raw images, and the picture at right has been computer enhanced.
MIT meteorologists look at sea and air
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) meteorologist Reginald E. Newell, reviewed in MIT's Reports on Research, suggests that monitoring ocean temperatures as well as volcanic eruptions may allow scientists to make 6‐month forecasts of average atmospheric temperature in the tropics.

The temperature value that the MIT method predicts is an average over 14 stations situated between 20°N and 20°S latitude at altitudes from 7 to 10 km.
Coal gasification plans
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Interior Department's Bureau of Mines released the map at right outlining eight separate areas of the United States that have adequate coal reserves to support large multiplant coal gasification complexes that produce 1 billion cubic feet of pipeline quality synthetic natural gas per day. Each area also appears to have sufficient water to support the coal conversion process, according to Alec Lindquist, author of the report.
SEAN report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following geophysical and astronomical events were reported by the Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN), Smithsonian Institution, NHB Stop 129, Washington, D.C. 20560.
Corrections [to “Detailed Session Program for the Chapman Conference on Oceanic Fronts”]
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In the Detailed Session Program for the Chapman Conference on Oceanic Fronts (September EOS, page 883) an error was made in the listing of the authors of the paper, ‘Large Scale, Seasonal and Year‐to‐Year Variability of the Subtropical Front in the Western North Pacific,’ scheduled at 1055h on Tuesday. The authors should have been listed as follows: K. Hasunuma, W. White, and H. Solomon.
Scenario B
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In July 1978 the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) announces that a specified urban area of California is being designated as an area of intensive study of possible earthquake precursor data, anomalies having been detected there over the past 6 months. Timely notice will be given if there is a significant probability of an earthquake occurrence. The director makes it clear that this is not an earthquake prediction. When contacted, two reputable nongovernment seismologists say that their interpretation of the data convinces them that there is a 25% probability of a damaging earthquake in the designated area (along a major fault) in approximately 3 years (1981).
SEAN report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A substantial eruption began late September 13 from fissure vents on the East Rift of Kilauea (Hawaii), about halfway between the summit and the east coast. Summit deflation and injection of magma into the East Rift preceded the eruption by about 24 hours. Lava fountains rose to 60 m and fed a lava flow which moved about 2.5 km to the south before the first phase of activity ended during the late afternoon of September 15. Fountaining resumed before dawn the next day, but activity was generally weak and sporadic. The resulting new flow stopped 0.5 km from the vent on September 18, but weak, intermittent spattering continued until the evening of September 20. A brief third phase lasted from early afternoon on September 23 until about nightfall, consisting of minor fountaining (to 15 m) feeding small flows.
Visit to Tsingtao
Authors: Munk Walter H.
Published: October 2011

In June 1977, Philip Handler, president of the National Academy of Sciences, led an interdisciplinary delegation of the Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China to the People's Republic of China (PRC) to discuss with their Chinese counterparts the exchange program in the physical and social sciences.

Our mission to Peking had been to replace the ‘scientific tourism’ of the last two years of the exchange program with something more substantial. It may be some time before we see the fruits of this mission, since we were told that cooperative scientific ventures would have to wait for ‘normalization.’
Nominees for President‐Elect of AGU: J. Tuzo Wilson
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Naturally, I welcome the new policy of the American Geophysical Union which allows those who are not American citizens to be nominated and to act as officers. This gracious gesture recognizes the fact that the AGU has always been international in its outlook and that its meetings have been important events attended by visitors from many countries. By their frequency they act as a valuable supplement of the less frequent meetings of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.

Professor R. M. Field first brought me to the meetings when I was a graduate student at Princeton in the mid‐thirties. Visitors then included such distinguished European figures as Chapman and Bartels in geomagnetism, Bjerknes, Rossby, Sverdrup, and Proudman in meteorology and oceanography, Vening Meinesz in geodesy, and Jeffreys in seismology. At a later meeting I met Teilhart de Chardin the paleontologist and humanist. Now scientists come from all over the world.
Conference report: Toward earthquake prediction on the global scale
Authors: Spence William , Pakiser L. C.
Published: October 2011

Only 10 years ago, most U.S. seismologists would have attributed to the dark arts any claim that earthquakes would be predictable. Yet at that very time the radical theory of global tectonics was being firmly established. Today, seismologists recognize numerous physical precursors to earthquakes. Earthquake prediction research is respectable in the scientific establishment.

A valid earthquake prediction specifies location, time of occurrence, size, and probability. Successful prediction of large earthquakes can lead to great reductions in economic and life losses; to increased safety and efficiency in critical facilities such as nuclear reactors, power grid control centers, and dams; and to there turn of a populace to normal living patterns following a damaging earthquake.
Comparison of Mercury and the Moon: A conference
Authors: Simonds Charles H. , Schultz Peter H. , Solomon Sean C.
Published: October 2011

The similarity of the airless intensely cratered surfaces of Mercury and the moon (Figures 1a and 1b) is in striking contrast to the different densities of the two objects. The similar geologic history inferred from the surface record is surprising, since the different size and density of these two bodies might suggest different amounts of radiogenic heating, silicate/ metal ratios, and thermal conductivity (Figure 2). A conference at the Lunar Science Institute, Houston, Texas, on November 15–17, 1976, focused specifically on such comparisons between Mercury and the moon and attracted 75 attendees representing 35 institutions and a full spectrum of NASA‐supported lunar and planetary programs. Many problems concerning the geological evolution of Mercury remain unsolved, but from the papers and discussions at this meeting it is clear that possible solutions require, as a first step, the understanding of all the inner planets. Understanding the detailed history of Mercury would be extremely difficult without the framework developed for the moon. Yet without the data from Mercury the stability of this framework could never be tested. Such iterations represent a fundamental approach for not only solving planetary problems but also formulating new questions.
International Symposium on the Magnetosphere and Its Environment
Authors: Unwin R. S.
Published: October 2011

The International Symposium on the Magnetosphere and Its Environment was held in Christchurch, New Zealand, January 24–28, 1977. This symposium, organized by the Royal Society of New Zealand in conjunction with the Institute of Physics of New Zealand and cosponsored by URSI and AGU, was attended by nearly 80 scientists from 10 countries. Eight invited reviews and 39 contributed papers were presented, and the symposium concluded with a summary and discussion by a panel consisting of the invited speakers, in which highlights were reviewed and some of the outstanding problems discussed. Ample time was available for discussion throughout.
SEAN Report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following geophysical and astronomical events were reported by the Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN), Smithsonian Institution, NHB Stop 129, Washington, D.C. 20560.
An interview with A. A. Aardvark
Authors: Russell Christopher T.
Published: October 2011

Recently, the JGR offices received a manuscript authored by an A. A. Aardvark. The Editor had never heard of him but, since it was a reasonably well written article, assumed that one of his regular contributors had suddenly taken a nom‐de‐plume. Further, Aardvark's name could not be found in the papers bibliography, a dead giveaway that Aardvark was not his real name, for even anonymous referees reference themselves. Since his manuscript was postmarked from my city and since he had requested that all correspondence be forwarded to a post office box there, it was suggested that I try to track down Aardvark and ascertain what had led him to this action. No doubt the Editor just wanted to see whether or not Aardvark was dangerous, but I thought that it would be of interest to the AGU membership if I conducted an in‐depth interview with him. Armed with a copy of the bibliography of Aardvark's paper, I found it quite easy to track him down. I knocked on his door, identified myself, and waited. I could hear paper shuffling and file cabinets being closed; then the door opened a crack, and the interview began.
Stare radar views polar ionosphere
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The ionosphere serves as a closure path for electrical currents flowing from one part of the magnetosphere to another. How this happens is shown in detail by recent work of R. A. Greenwald at the Max Planck Institute, using the Scandinavian twin auroral radar experiment (Stare). Built in northern Scandinavia as part of the ground‐based program of the International Magnetospheric Study, Stare is producing measurements that are a significant advance in the study of the ionospheric current systems in the auroral zones.

Explaining that electric fields which drive currents build up in the ionosphere in response to influences such as changes in solar activity, Greenwald says that the nature of these currents changes with the time of day. On the evening side of the earth these currents flow generally eastward, driven by a northward electric field; on the morning side they flow westward under the influence of a southward electric field. These auroral electrojets can extend over hundreds of kilometers north‐south and flow for thousands of kilometers east‐west. Where they flow, the electrons moving through the ions create plasma instabilities that can be observed by the radars.
The beginning: Serene process or chaotic bang?
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Contrary to the ‘Big Bang’ theory, our cosmos may have started more serenely—with a powerful but tightly controlled and completely uniform expansion. That is the scenario deduced by a team of NASA scientists, who used ultrasensitive radio equipment aboard a U‐2 aircraft to measure the cosmic microwave background left over from the initial universe‐forming event.

Richard Muller, George Smoot, and graduate student Marc Gorensten concluded that this initial event was a very smooth, almost serene, process, with matter and energy uniformly distributed and expanding at an equal rate in all directions. The radiation left over from the universe‐forming event, about 15 billion years ago, is so uniform that it provides a universal reference for measuring our galaxy's headlong dash, at more than a million miles an hour, through space toward the constellation Hydra.