bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zinc-finger geneFezin the olfactory sensory neurons regulates development of the olfactory bulb non-cell-autonomously
Authors: Hirata Tsutomu , Nakazawa Masato , Yoshihara Sei-ichi , Miyachi Hitoshi , Kitamura Kunio , Yoshihara Yoshihiro , Hibi Masahiko
Published: March 2006

Fez is a zinc-finger gene encoding a transcriptional repressor that is expressed in the olfactory epithelium, hypothalamus, ventrolateral pallium and prethalamus at mid-gestation. To reveal its function, we generated Fez-deficient mice. The Fez-deficient mice showed several abnormalities in the olfactory system: (1) impaired axonal projection of the olfactory sensory neurons; (2) reduced size of the olfactory bulb; (3)abnormal layer formation in the olfactory bulb; and (4) aberrant rostral migration of the interneuron progenitors. Fez was not expressed in the projection neurons, interneurons or interneuron progenitors. Transgene-mediated expression of Fez in olfactory sensory neurons significantly rescued the abnormalities in olfactory axon projection and in the morphogenesis of the olfactory bulb in Fez-knockout mice. Thus, Fez is cell-autonomously required for the axon termination of olfactory sensory neurons, and Fez non-cell-autonomously controls layer formation and interneuron development in the olfactory bulb. These findings suggest that signals from olfactory sensory neurons contribute to the proper formation of the olfactory bulb.
The Influence of a Noise Barrier on Nuisance Caused by Vibrations
Authors: Ostendorf C.
Published: March 2006

Since the construction of a noise barrier beside the motorway near their home, a family suffers from nuisance caused by vibration. Prior to the building activities of the noise barrier there had never been a problem with vibration. The family is convinced that the noise barrier in some way introduces or amplifies the vibration caused by traffic using the motorway.

In order to find the cause of the vibration and the relevance of the noise barrier, vibration measurements have been done. These measurements show that the traffic using the motorway is indeed the main cause of the vibration in the building. The noise barrier, however/has no influence on the vibrations. The fact that nuisance occurred in the same period as the building activities, is mainly due to the fast decline of the road-surface influenced by the building activities. The measurements also showed that the floor (especially the bedroom floor) reacted very strongly to vibration with a dominant frequency of 17 Hz.

To reduce the vibration, it has been advised that the road-surface of the motorway be renewed and the possibility of modifying the floor to reduce the 17Hz resonance be considered.
Influence of a Scarfed Portal on the Compression Wave Generated by a High-Speed Train Entering a Tunnel
Authors: Winslow A. , Howe M. S. , Iida M.
Published: March 2006

An optimally designed entrance portal must be capable of minimizing the maximum growth rate of the compression wave generated when a high-speed train enters a tunnel. A theoretical and experimental investigation has been made to determine the changes in compression wave characteristics produced when the portal is ‘scarfed’ with tapering side walls. It is concluded that portal modifications of this type are unlikely to produce a significant reduction in the maximum compression wave growth rate. Small decreases in growth rate are possible (up to about 15%) for scarf walls extending a distance beyond the tunnel entrance of the order of the tunnel height, but little or no additional improvement is achieved with longer walls.
Factors Affecting Public Acceptance of Wind Turbines in Sweden
Authors: Devlin Elizabeth
Published: March 2006

Wind power is growing in Sweden, but the high-level of opposition to turbine proposals has meant that many proposals are never realised. This opposition in a country that has a measured 74% support for wind power leads to questions being raised as to what is causing this opposition. Many have suggested that it is due to prevalent NIMBY attitudes; this, however, is only one factor affecting the public acceptance of turbines. The over-riding factor is the spatial distance between the costs incurred and the benefits derived from wind power. Perceived need for wind power, level of participation, individual considerations of visual impact and the amount to which the local community benefits determine the realisation of turbine proposals.
Statistical Characterization of Corroded Steel Plate Surfaces
Authors: Melchers R. E. , Ahammed M.
Published: March 2006

Perforation of steel plate is of considerable interest for the longer-term safety and integrity of ships hulls and tanks and for nuclear containment systems. This paper reports on the preliminary random field characterization of the surface of two sample corroded steel plates as a trial towards generating numerically the surface topology of larger areas of steel plate. Of particular interest is the maximum depth of penetration and its dependence structure across the plate area. The potential applications and the background to the modelling of corrosion loss and pitting are reviewed briefly to set the scene for appropriate surface characterization. Contrary to the assumptions often made for the statistical characterization of maximum pit penetrations, they are highly dependent. This makes representation using extreme value probability distributions questionable. An alternative probability-based form of representation is proposed.
Strain Localization and its Impact on the Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Containing Welded Wire Reinforcement
Authors: Gilbert R. I. , Smith S. T.
Published: March 2006

Welded wire fabric (WWF) is commonly used in reinforced concrete (r.c.) slabs. WWF is classified in Australia as Class L or low ductility reinforcement and, as such, the characteristic strain at peak stress (termed the uniform elongation) is not less than 0.015 and the ratio of tensile strength to yield stress (0.2% proof stress) is not less than 1.03. A r.c. slab containing low ductility steel usually fails in bending by fracture of the tensile reinforcement at the critical section, well before the concrete in the compression zone becomes overstressed, and the conventional understanding of ductile under-reinforced flexural failure is not valid. The failure is brittle and results in complete collapse of the span, often with little or no warning. This paper explores the collapse load behaviour of slabs containing WWF, highlighting the great significance of strain localization in lightly reinforced slabs and its adverse impact on ductility. The results of tests on several simply-supported and continuous one-way slabs reinforced with WWF are used to illustrate the discussion.
Real-Time Data Processing, Analysis and Visualization for Structural Monitoring of the Confederation Bridge
Authors: Desjardins S. L. , Londoño N. A. , Lau D. T. , Khoo H.
Published: March 2006

Numerous structural monitoring systems have been developed and installed in the field to collect information on the performance and behaviour of civil engineering structures and systems, such as buildings and bridges. The processing and analysis of large datasets collected from continuous monitoring systems often require a significant amount of time and effort. In order to accelerate the processing of these continuous monitoring data and to facilitate more rapid data analysis, and more timely interpretation and use of the results, a real-time data processing and analysis application platform has been developed which encompasses all aspects of data manipulation. This application platform consists of data processing, analysis and visualization modules, all integrated through graphical user interfaces (GUIs). The applications are designed and adapted to run in a real-time mode by automatically sorting incoming data and re-directing it to the processing and animation modules for graphic display of bridge displacements and motion in near real-time, as limited by the network speed. With this capability, after the occurrence of extreme events such as windstorms, earthquakes or ship impacts, bridge responses and condition of the facility can be assessed in a timely manner for decision support of its operation. The research opportunities that can be explored using the computer tool applications presented in this paper are illustrated by a discussion of recent research results.
Repair and Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Structures Using CFRPs
Authors: Haritos N. , Hira A. , Mendis P. , Perera U.
Published: March 2006

CFRPs offer a high strength lightweight alternative strengthening strategy to traditional methods using concrete overlays and/or steel plates in bridge engineering applications. In addition, the use of CFRPs may offer a viable retrofit/repair strategy in the case of damaged structures, where this damage may be significant. This paper reports on the performance of CFRP-based strategies for the repair and strengthening of two 40% scale continuous flat slab bridge models with significant damage arising from prior static testing to incipient collapse conditions. In addition, the performance after repair using a CFRP scheme of a RC beam-slab-column subassembly, following severe high-load cyclic testing, was also investigated. Results indicate that CFRPs offer a viable repair strategy in structural applications involving severe damage from the influence of static overload or extreme earthquakes but care needs be exercised to ensure secure adhesion where the surface under repair has locally adverse geometric features or has suffered large geometric deformation from the damage concerned.
Stress Intensity Factor Solutions for Semi-Elliptical Weld-Toe Cracks in Tubular K-Joints
Authors: Lie S. T. , Shao Y. B. , Lee C. K. , Chiew S. P.
Published: March 2006

Stress intensity factors (SIFs) are generally used to predict the remaining life of cracked tubular K-joints used in the offshore structures. The accuracy of SIFs depends very much on accurate modelling of the surface crack. In this paper, a new mesh generation method is proposed for any cracked tubular K-joint where five types of elements are adopted in modelling the surface crack so as to avoid high elements aspect ratio around the crack front. The mesh of any K-joint is obtained by merging the mesh of several distinct regions, and each region is generated separately according to different requirements. To check the accuracy of the computed SIFs, two large scale K-joint specimens were tested to failure under fatigue loading conditions. The alternating current potential drop (ACPD) technique is used to monitor the rate of crack propagation of the surface crack located at the crown position. The experimental test results are then used to validate the numerical results. Generally, they agree well and the relative errors are acceptable.
Ultimate Load Formula for Reinforced Concrete Wall Panels with Openings
Authors: Doh J. H. , Fragomeni S.
Published: March 2006

Reinforced concrete walls with openings are tested in both one-way and two-way action. The test panels, with a slenderness ratio of 30 or 40, were subjected to a uniformly distributed axial load with an eccentricity of tw/6. Apart from highlighting the experimental set-up; typical crack patterns, failure modes, and load-deflection behaviour are also reported. Utilising these and other published test results, a formula predicting the ultimate load of walls with openings was derived. A comparative study of predicted to test results indicates that the new formula is accurate and reliable.
FLIPing heterokaryons to analyze nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of yeast proteins
Authors: Belaya Katsiaryna , Tollervey David , Koš Martin
Published: March 2006

Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling is an important feature of proteins involved in nuclear export/import of RNAs, proteins, and also large ribonucleoprotein complexes such as ribosomes. The vast amount of proteomic data available shows that many of these processes are highly dynamic. Therefore, methods are needed to reliably assess whether a protein shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm, and the kinetics with which it exchanges. Here we describe a combination of the classical heterokaryon assay with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) techniques, which allows an assessment of the kinetics of protein shuttling in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Recognition of a complex substrate by the KsgA/Dim1 family of enzymes has been conserved throughout evolution
Authors: O'Farrell Heather C. , Pulicherla Nagesh , Desai Pooja M. , Rife Jason P.
Published: March 2006

Ribosome biogenesis is a complicated process, involving numerous cleavage, base modification and assembly steps. All ribosomes share the same general architecture, with small and large subunits made up of roughly similar rRNA species and a variety of ribosomal proteins. However, the fundamental assembly process differs significantly between eukaryotes and eubacteria, not only in distribution and mechanism of modifications but also in organization of assembly steps. Despite these differences, members of the KsgA/Dim1 methyltransferase family and their resultant modification of small-subunit rRNA are found throughout evolution and therefore were present in the last common ancestor. In this paper we report that KsgA orthologs from archaeabacteria and eukaryotes are able to complement for KsgA function in bacteria, both in vivo and in vitro. This indicates that all of these enzymes can recognize a common ribosomal substrate, and that the recognition elements must be largely unchanged since the evolutionary split between the three domains of life.
A combined computational and microarray-based approach identifies novel microRNAs encoded by human gamma-herpesviruses
Authors: Grundhoff Adam , Sullivan Christopher S. , Ganem Don
Published: March 2006

We have developed an approach to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that is based on bioinformatics and array-based technologies, without the use of cDNA cloning. The approach, designed for use on genomes of small size (<2 Mb), was tested on cells infected by either of two lymphotropic herpesviruses, KSHV and EBV. The viral genomes were scanned computationally for pre-miRNAs using an algorithm (VMir) we have developed. Candidate hairpins suggested by this analysis were then synthesized as oligonucleotides on microarrays, and the arrays were hybridized with small RNAs from infected cells. Candidate miRNAs that scored positive on the arrays were then subjected to confirmatory Northern blot analysis. Using this approach, 10 of the known KSHV pre-miRNAs were identified, as well as a novel pre-miRNA that had earlier escaped detection. This method also led to the identification of seven new EBV-encoded pre-miRNAs; by using additional computational approaches, we identified a total of 18 new EBV pre-miRNAs that produce 22 mature miRNA molecules, thereby more than quadrupling the total number of hitherto known EBV miRNAs. The advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed.
A sensitive array for microRNA expression profiling (miChip) based on locked nucleic acids (LNA)
Authors: Castoldi Mirco , Schmidt Sabine , Benes Vladimir , Noerholm Mikkel , Kulozik Andreas E. , Hentze Matthias W. , Muckenthaler Martina U.
Published: March 2006

MicroRNAs represent a class of short (∼22 nt), noncoding regulatory RNAs involved in development, differentiation, and metabolism. We describe a novel microarray platform for genome-wide profiling of mature miRNAs (miChip) using locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified capture probes. The biophysical properties of LNA were exploited to design probe sets for uniform, high-affinity hybridizations yielding highly accurate signals able to discriminate between single nucleotide differences and, hence, between closely related miRNA family members. The superior detection sensitivity eliminates the need for RNA size selection and/or amplification. MiChip will greatly simplify miRNA expression profiling of biological and clinical samples.
Stuck in the Past: Why Managers Persist with New Product Failures
Authors: Biyalogorsky Eyal , Boulding William , Staelin Richard
Published: March 2006

In this research, the authors examine the phenomenon of escalation bias in the context of managing new product introductions. In particular, they identify three general paths—Decision Involvement Inertia, Decision Involvement Distortion, and Belief Inertia Distortion—that can lead managers to escalate their commitments. The authors test the relative strength of these paths in driving observed escalation behavior. The results show that involvement with the initial decision, a key construct in numerous explanations for escalation behavior (e.g., agency theory, self-justification), is not a necessary condition to induce commitment to a losing course of action (i.e., escalation bias). Rather, the authors find that the driving force behind escalation behavior is improper use of initial positive beliefs in the face of negative new information. This insight has implications for the groundwork necessary for organizations to design systems, policies, and procedures to help them avoid the trap of escalation bias that is often associated with major strategic decisions.
The Relevance of William James' Radical Empiricism to the Anthropology of Consciousness
Authors: Laughlin Charles , McManus John
Published: March 2006

William James is usually associated with the philosophy of pragmatism and with his interest in religious experiences. But James also developed a methodology which has received far less attention. James called this methodology "radical empiricism," an approach that requires that (1) all of the ideas and theories in science be grounded in direct experience, and (2) no experience be excluded from scientific purview. This paper describes James' thoughts about radical empiricism, and discusses some of the strengths of, and problems with his view in light of more contemporary science. A biogenetic structural elaboration of James' notion of relations and pure experience is offered, and is used to counter the so called post‐structuralist critique of Jacques Derrida. The relevance of James' views to the anthropology of consciousness is explored, with emphasis upon the necessity ‐‐ anticipated by James ‐‐ of merging a phenomenology with structuralism
Returning Anthropology to Its Roots
Authors: Fratto Toni Flores
Published: March 2006

In Search of the Primitive. Stanley Diamond. New Brunswich, N.J.: Transaction Books (E. P. Dutton and Company), 1974.
Prose Styles of Concerned Anthropology
Authors: Schmidt Nancy J.
Published: March 2006

Adolf F. Bandelier. The Delight Makers. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971. xxvii. 490 pp. $7.95 (paper) (first published 1890)

Gerald D. Berreman. The Politics of Truth. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities, 1982 xii. 298 pp. $17.25 (cloth) (first published 1980)

Hugh Brody. Maps and Dreams. London: Jill Norman and Hobhouse, 1981. xix. 297 pp. £7.95 (cloth)

Paul Record. Tropical Frontier. New York: Knopf, 1969. xiii. 325 pp. (OP)

Dan Rose. Energy Transition and the Local Community. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981. xx. 189 pp. $21.50 (clot
The Daykeepers of Another Time
Authors: Reck Gregory R.
Published: March 2006

Barbara Tedlock. Time and Highland Maya. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1982. xii. 245 pp. $27.50 (cloth)
Culture and Morality
Authors: Wilk Stan
Published: March 2006

Elvin Hatch. Culture and Morality. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983. xi. 163 pp. $27.50 (cloth).
A World View Without Props; Elder sisters: Learning from black carib women
Authors: Tanner Adrian , Field Karen L.
Published: March 2006

Richard K. Nelson. Make Prayers to the Raven:. Koyukon View of the Northern Forest. Chicago: University of" Chicago Press, 1983.xvi. 292 pp. S25.OO

Virginia Kerns. Woman and the Ancestors: Black Carib Kinship and Ritual. Urbana: University of Illinois, 1983.xv. 229 pp. $19.95 (cloth)
The Higher Thoughts of Sri Lanka: Seeking Purity; Notes From The Underground
Authors: Yalman Nur , Grindal Bruce
Published: March 2006

Michael Carrithers. The Forest Monks of Sri Lanka: An Anthropological and Historical Study. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983‐ xii. 306 pp. $32.50 (cloth).

Dan Rose. The Masks. New York: Printed Matter, Inc. n.d. unpaged.
"Kinship/Interpretation/And Culture" in India; The Anthropology of Space; Marxist Perspectives of Peasantry
Authors: Foster Stephen William , Frisbie Charlotte J. , Sandstrom Alan R.
Published: March 2006

Akos Ostor. Lina Fruzzetti. and Steve Barnett. eds. Concepts of Person, Kinship, Caste and Marriage in India (Harvard Studies in Cultural Anthropology, 5). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982. xiv. 271 pages. $35.00 (cloth).

Rik Pinxten. Ingrid van Dooren. and Frank Harvey. The Anthropology of Space. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983. xi. 240 pp. $32.50 (cloth).

Social Anthropology of Peasantry. Joan P. Mencher. ed. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1983‐ xii. 351pp. $22.50 (cloth).
Victor Turner's Pilgrimage: The Play of Life as Performance of the Sacred; Theatre and Anthropology; Gender, Class, and Self in Norway; The Dehuman Syndrome
Authors: Johnson Norris Brock , Turnbull Colin M. , Field Karen L. , Manson William C.
Published: March 2006

Victor Turner. From Ritual to Theatre: The Human Seriousness of Play. Performance Studies Series, No. 1. New York: Performing Arts Journal Publications. 1982. 127 pp. $6.95 (paper).

Richard Schechner. The End of Humanism: Writings on Performance. Performing Arts Journal Publications, 1982, 128 pp. (paper).

Marianne Gullestad. Kitchen‐Table Society. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984. 356pp. $20.00 (paper)

Ashley Montagu and Floyd Matson. The Dehumanization of Man. New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Company, 1983. xxxvii. 246 pp. $14.95 (cloth)
Anxious Anthropologists: The Study of Sex
Authors: Parker Richard
Published: March 2006

Thomas Gregor. Anxious Pleasures: The Sexual Lives of an Amazonian People. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1985. 223 pp. $19.95 (paper)
Three Studies in Ethnicity and Adaptation
Authors: Ridington Robin
Published: March 2006

Boehm. Christopher. Montenegrin Social Organization and Values. New York: AMS Press. 1983. + 181 pp. $21.50 (cloth).

Chadney. James G. The Sikhs of Vancouver. New York: AMS Press. 1984. vii. 291 pp. $71.50 (cloth).

Driben. Paul. We Are the Metis: The Ethnography of. Halfbreed Community in Northern Alberta. New York: AMS Press. 1985. iii. 176 pp. $32.50 (cloth).
Representing Religion in The Postmodern Age
Authors: Stoller Paul
Published: March 2006

Crocker. Jon Christopher. Vital Souls: Bororo Cosmology, Natural Symbolism and Shamanism. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, 1985. xiii. 380 pp. $29.95 (cloth).

Farella. John R. The Main Stalk:. Synthesis of Navajo Philosophy. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1984. + 221 pp. $19.95 (cloth).

Angell. J. William. and E. Pendleton Banks. eds. Images of Man: Studies in Religion and Anthropology. Macon, Ga.: Mercer Press, 1984. ix. 142 pp. $13.95 (cloth).
In The Shadows of the Andes
Authors: Reck Gregory G.
Published: March 2006

José María Arguedas. Yawar Fiesta. trans. Frances Harning Barraclough. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985, xxi. 200 pp.
Construction Work in Humanistic Perspective
Authors: Schmidt Nancy J.
Published: March 2006

Herbert A. Applebaum. Blue Chips. Lawrenceville, VA: Brunswick Publishing Company, 1985. 141 pp. $7.95 (paper).
An Evocation of Place
Authors: Zelkovitz Bruce M.
Published: March 2006

Miles Richardson, ed. Place: Experience and Symbol. Baton Rouge, La: Geoscience Publications, 1984. xi + 67 pp. (paper).
Missionaries, Apologists, and Anthropologists
Authors: Mosko Mark S.
Published: March 2006

Darrell L. Whiteman, ed. Missionaries, Anthropologists, and Culture Change (Part I.). Studies in Third World Societies, no. 25. Williamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary, 1985. xii plus 424 pp. no price listed (paper).

Frank A. Salamone, ed. Anthropologists and Missionaries (Part II). Studies in Third World Societies, no. 26. Williamsburg, VA: College of William and Mary, 1986. vii plus 306 pp. no price listed (paper).
Humanism in Search of a Framework
Authors: Wagner Kenneth
Published: March 2006

Alfred McClung Lee. Sociology for Whom? Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1986 (2d edition). $12.95 (paper).
Cultural Critique or Xenophobia?
Authors: Baber Willie L.
Published: March 2006

George E. Marcus and Michael M. J. Fischer. Anthropology as Cultural Critique: An Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences. University of Chicago Press, 1986. xiii. 205 pp. $9‐95 (paper).
A Post‐Card on Discourse
Authors: Stoller Paul
Published: March 2006

Tullio Maranhao. 1986. Therapeutic Discourse and Socratic Dialogue:. Cultural Critique. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, xv. 276 pp. $24.95 (cloth).
Pursuing Lives and History
Authors: Langness L. L.
Published: March 2006

Lawrence C. Watson and Maria‐Barbara Watson‐Franke. Interpreting Life Histories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1985. + 228 pp. $25.00 (cloth).

Ronald J. Grele. Envelopes of Sound (second edition). Chicago: Precedent Publishing, Inc., 1985. xii. 283 pp. $20.95 (cloth).

Arnold Krupat. For Those Who Come After. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. xv. 187 pp. $14.95 (cloth).

Henry Munson. Jr. The House of Si Abd Allah. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984. xvi. 280 pp. $19.95 (cloth).
Poetry and Culture: The "Bottom Line"
Authors: Cervantes Linda LeValley
Published: March 2006

Lila Abu‐Lughod. Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in. Bedouin Society. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1986. xix. 317 pp. $35.00 (cloth); $10.95 (paper).

Stanley Diamond. Going West. Northampton: Hermes House Press. 1986. 80 pp. $5.50 (paper).
Inside, Outside African Lives
Authors: Shanklin Eugenia
Published: March 2006

Marianne Alverson. Under African Sun. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. xvi. 233 pp. $19.95 (cloth).

Francis Mading Deng. The Man Called Deng Majok. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986. xvi. 294 pp. $26.00 (cloth).

Edith Turner. The Spirit and the Drum. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1987. xii. 165 pp. $18.95 (cloth).
Film and Text
Authors: Schmidt Nancy J.
Published: March 2006

Jack R. Rollwagen. ed. Anthropological Filmmaking. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1988. xv. 396 pp. $22.00 (paper).
The Spirit of Humanistic Anthropology
Authors: Grindal Bruce T.
Published: March 2006

SUMMARY
This commentary outlines some thoughts on underlying themes and issues by a former editor of Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly.
Women Mentoring Women: Fieldwork in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Beaver Patricia D. , Schrift Melissa
Published: March 2006

SUMMARY
During the 1990–91 academic year, the authors conducted research in China—one as a professor, the other as an undergraduate student—while participating in a university exchange program. They explore the process of mentoring—the learning that occurs between student and teacher—as the barriers distinguishing the roles dissolve through the process of exploring research questions in China.
Making Peace with Agwu
Authors: McCall John C.
Published: March 2006

SUMMARY
It is generally accepted that ethnographic fieldwork can and should challenge researchers' assumptions about the world. However, anthropologists generally avoid the fundamental ontological issues raised by their experiences in the field. This article is an account of my initiation into a guild of traditional healers in the Ohafia region of Igbo‐speaking Nigeria. The ceremony was instigated by an ancestral spirit and, indirectly, by a spirit entity named Agwu, with whom I was obliged to make peace. Learning to accept the necessity of interacting with a spirit provided fundamental insights into Ohafia culture and a critical understanding of the implications of ethnographic research.
Chiapas Sketches
Authors: Drapkin Sherry
Published: March 2006

SUMMARY
These portraits are fictionalized sketches of experiences of women from an indigenous community in the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, called San Juan Chamula. They capture only a small detail of the extremely complex situation these women face. As the community is divided by the need to look for work outside of the community, as many people are expelled for changing from Catholicism to Evangelical religions, and as women and children now produce and sell art crafts in all parts of the country, these women struggle to hold on to their community power as the maintainers of the traditions, culture, and pride. I have realized the importance of bringing such people alive in these sketches.
Stories and Lives
Authors: Lamb Sarah
Published: March 2006

Kirin Narayan. Storytellers, Saints, and Scoundrels: Folk Narrative in Hindu Religious Teaching. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. xi. 285 pp. $39.95 (cloth); $12.95 (paper). Winner of the Victor Turner Prize for Ethnography, 1990.
The Poetics of Ambiguity in Tamil Society
Authors: Thorn Cynthia A.
Published: March 2006

Margaret Trawick. Notes on Love in. Tamil Family. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. xix. 299 pp. $45.00 (cloth). Honorable Mention, Victor Turner Award for Ethnography, 1992.
Relations of Equality
Authors: Anderson E. N.
Published: March 2006

C. Napier Bell. Tangweera: Life and Adventures among Gentle Savages. Introduction by Philip A. Dennis. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989. 318 pp. Illustrations, appendices, index. (Original, without introduction, 1899.) $25.00 (cloth).
Unmaking an Anthropological Myth
Authors: Tobin Jeffrey
Published: March 2006

Gananath Obeyesekere. The Apotheosis of Captain Cook: European Mythmaking in the Pacific. Princeton: Princeton University Press; and Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1992. xvii. 251 pp. $24.95 (cloth).
Ethnography, History, and Imagination
Authors: Durrenberger E. Paul
Published: March 2006

John and Jean Comaroff. Ethnography and the Historical Imagination. Westview Studies in the Ethnographic Imagination. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992.337 pp. $55 (cloth); $18.95 (paper).
The Art of Memory in Cultural Perspective
Authors: Hamlish Tamara
Published: March 2006

Suzanne Kuchler and Walter Melion. eds. Images of Memory: On Remembering and Representation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991. 265 pp. $35.00 (cloth).
Drinking, Conduct Disorder, and Social Change: Navajo Experiences
Authors: Spicer Paul
Published: March 2006

Drinking, Conduct Disorder, and Social Change: Navajo Experiences. Stephen J. Kunitz and Jerrold E. Levy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. xiii. 262 pp.
Ginseng and Aspirin: Health Care Alternatives for Aging Chinese in New York; The Culture of Health: Asian Communities in the United States; Health and Medicine under Capitalism: Korean Immigrants in Australia
Authors: Min Pyong Gap
Published: March 2006

Ginseng and Aspirin: Health Care Alternatives for Aging Chinese in New York. Zibin Guo. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000. xii. 173 pp.

The Culture of Health: Asian Communities in the United States. Grace Xueqin Ma. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1999. + 165 pp.

Health and Medicine under Capitalism: Korean Immigrants in Australia. Gil Soo Han. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2000.292 pp.
Body Talk: Rhetoric, Technology, Reproduction
Authors: Hogle Linda F.
Published: March 2006

Body Talk: Rhetoric, Technology, Reproduction. Mary M. Lay. Laura J. Gurak. Clare Gravon. and Cynthia Myntii. eds. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2000. xiii. 307 pp.
Conceiving Spirits: Birth Rituals and Contested Identities among Lauje of Indonesia
Authors: Butt Leslie
Published: March 2006

Conceiving Spirits: Birth Rituals and Contested Identities among Lauje of Indonesia. Jennifer W. Nourse. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999. xi. 308 pp.
The Book Review Section (Commentary, Reviews, Recent Publications)
Authors: Murray Stephen O. , Kennedy Matthew , Grube John , Paloma Luis , Fitzgerald Tom
Published: March 2006

Life is Hard: Machismo. Danger, and the Intimacy of Power in Nicaragua by Roger N. Lancaster. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. 340 pp. $25 hb.

Arresting Images: Impolitic Art and Uncivil Actions, by Steven C. Dubin. (New York: Routledge Press 1992). 374 pages.

Homosexuality and Male Bonding in Pre‐Nazi Germany, edited and introduced by Harry Oosterhuis. translations by Hubert Kennedy. (Special issue of the Journal of Homosexuality. Volume 22, Numbers 1/2, 1991).

Making Trouble: Essays on Gav History. Politics, and the University by John D'Emilio. (New York: Routledge 1992.) 274 pages, $15.95 paperback.

Men Who Beat the Men Who Love Them, by David Island & Patrick Letellier. (New York: Harrington Park Press 1991.) 301 pages.
The Book Review Section (Commentary, Reviews, Recent Publications)
Authors: Amory Deb , Page J. Bryan , Brodsky Joel I. , Murray Stephen O.
Published: March 2006

Chic Thrills:. Fashion Reader, edited by Juliet Ash and Elizabeth Wilson. (Berkeley: University of California Press.) 1992. 250 pages.

Hombres Que Aman Hombres (Men Who Love Men) by Jacobo Schifter and Johnny Madrigal Pana.

Bearing Witness: Gay Men's Health Crisis and the Politics of AIDS by Philip M. Kayal. Boulder: westview Press. 1993. 275 pp. (paper).
Reviews
Authors: Iianusa‐Cestero Renee , Bolton Ralph
Published: March 2006

HOMOTEENS, directed by Joan Jubela and Michele Forsten. Jubela Productions, New York, 1993. Distributed by Frameline, 346 9th Street, San Francisco, CA. TEL: 415‐703‐8560, FAX: 415‐861‐1404.

Good Sex: Real Stories from Real People, by Julia Hutton. (Pittsburgh: Cleis Press, Inc., 1992). 225 pages, $12.95 paperback.
In VitroAntioxidant andIn VivoPhotoprotective Effects of an Association of Bioflavonoids with Liposoluble Vitamins
Authors: Campos Patrícia M. B. G. Maia , Gianeti Mirela D. , Kanashiro Alexandre , Lucisano‐Valim Yara M. , Gaspar Lorena R.
Published: March 2006

A new tendency in cosmetic formulations is the association of botanical extracts and vitamins to improve skin conditions by synergic effects. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of associated bioflavonoids, retinyl palmitate (RP), tocopheryl acetate (TA) and ascorbyl tetra‐isopalmitate (ATIP), as well as their photoprotective effects in preventing increased erythema, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and sunburn cell formation in hairless mouse skin. The antioxidant activity of solutions containing the association or each substance separately was evaluatedin vitroby a chemiluminescence assay. The photoprotective effect was evaluated by means ofin vivotests. Dorsal skin of hairless mice was treated daily by topical applications for 5 days with formulations containing or not containing (vehicle) the flavonoid‐vitamins association (5%). The skin was irradiated (UVA/B) 15 minutes after the last application. The results showed that bioflavonoids hadin vitroantioxidant properties and also that when they were associated with vitamins their antioxidant activity was more pronounced. On the other hand, erythema and UV damage to the permeability barrier function (TEWL) was not significantly reduced by previous treatment with the flavonoid‐vitamin‐association formulations, when compared to the irradiated vehicle‐treated area. However, the treatment protected the skin from UV damage because it reduced the number of sunburn cells, when compared to the vehicle‐treated area. Finally, the association of vitamins and bioflavonoids added to a dermocosmetic formulation showed a relevant biological activity in terms of photoprotection, because the association of bioflavonoids and vitamins acted by different mechanisms, such as antioxidation and absorption of UV radiation, which suggests its use in antiaging and photoprotective products.
Microspectroscopy of the Photosynthetic Compartment of Algae
Authors: Evangelista Valtere , Frassanito Anna Maria , Passarelli Vincenzo , Barsanti Laura , Gualtieri Paolo
Published: March 2006

We performed microspectroscopic evaluation of the pigment composition of the photosynthetic compartments of algae belonging to different taxonomic divisions and higher plants. The feasibility of microspectroscopy for discriminating among species and/or phylogenetic groups was tested on laboratory cultures. Gaussian bands decompositions and a fitting algorithm, together with fourth‐derivative transformation of absorbance spectra, provided a reliable discrimination among chlorophylls a, b and c, phycobiliproteins and carotenoids. Comparative analysis of absorption spectra highlighted the evolutionary grouping of the algae into three main lineages in accordance with the most recent endosymbiotic theories.
Back-calculating vibro-installation stresses in stone-column-reinforced soils
Authors: Elshazly H. , Hafez D. , Mossaad M.
Published: March 2006

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of the vibro-installation of stone columns on the soil state of stress. Post-installation soil parameters and load-settlement records were utilised to back-calculate the ratio of horizontal to vertical soil stress, K*. The load-settlement records were taken from a full-scale field load test, carried out on a single column within an extended group of stone columns. A coupled non-linear finite element formulation was utilised to simulate the test steps and the relevant settlement rate criterion. Post-installation soil parameters were adopted in the simulation in order to account for any vibration- and/or displacement-induced changes in the soil properties. The investigation revealed that the vibro-installation of stone columns significantly alters the soil state of stress. A practical range for the post-installation lateral earth pressure ratio, K*, in the analysed case was deduced.

Nous avons étudié les effets de la vibro-installation de colonnes de pierres sur l'état de contrainte du sol. Des paramètres de sol après installation et des données chargetassement ont é té utilisés pour rétro calculer le rapport entre la contrainte de sol horizontale et la contrainte de sol verticale, K*. Les données charge-tassement viennent d'un essai grandeur nature sur le terrain, chargement effectué sur une seule colonne dans un groupe étendu de colonnes de pierre. Nous avons utilisé une formulation couplée d'élément fini non linéaire pour simuler les é tapes du test et le critère de taux de tassement correspondant. Les paramètres de sol après installation ont é té adoptés dans la simulation afin de prendre en compte tout changement dans les propriétés du sol provoqué par la vibration et/ou le déplacement. L'étude a ré vélé que la vibro-installation de colonnes de pierre changeait de manière significative l'état de contrainte du sol. Nous en avons déduit une fourchette pratique pour le taux de pression terrestre latérale après installation, K*, dans le cas analysé
Microbial Source Tracking of Escherichia coli in a Constructed Wetland
Authors: Orosz‐Coghlan Patricia A. , Rusin Patricia A. , Karpiscak Martin M. , Gerba Charles P.
Published: March 2006

Little information has been gathered on the effect of avian species on the microbial water quality in constructed wetlands. To address this concern, fecal pollution from nonpoint and point sources was evaluated in a constructed wetland in Tolleson, Arizona. Antibiotic resistance profiling and biochemical fingerprinting were performed on 325 Escherichia coli isolates, collected from key points in the wetlands. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to interpret the data for samples collected on October 3 and December 12, 2000, and January 16, 2001. It was found that the passerine population was the major source of the Escherichia coli in the water samples collected in the wetlands on October 3 and December 12, 2000, whereas the regrowth in the treated municipal wastewater was the main source on January 16, 2001. This information is useful in providing data for operators in the monitoring of wetlands created for wastewater treatment and wildlife habitat.
Kinetics and Stoichiometry of Aerobic Sulfide Oxidation in Wastewater from Sewers—Effects of pH and Temperature
Authors: Nielsen Asbjørn Haaning , Vollertsen Jes , Hvitved‐Jacobsen Thorkild
Published: March 2006

Kinetics and stoichiometry of aerobic chemical and biological sulfide oxidation in wastewater from sewer networks were studied. In this respect, the effects of temperature and pH were investigated in the ranges 10 to 20°C and 5 to 9, respectively. The temperature dependency of sulfide oxidation kinetics was described using an Arrhenius relationship. The effect of pH on the rate of chemical sulfide oxidation is related to the dissociation of hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) to hydrogen sulfide ion (HS −), with HS − being more readily oxidized than H 2S. Biological sulfide oxidation exhibited the highest rates at ambient wastewater pH, and the reaction was inhibited at both low and high pH values. Chemical sulfide oxidation was found to produce thiosulfate and sulfate, while elemental sulfur was the main product of biological sulfide oxidation. Based on the investigations, general rate equations and stoichiometric constants were determined, enabling the processes to be incorporated to conceptual sewer process models.
Effect of Biopolymer on the Dewatering Characteristics of Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion of Sludges
Authors: Agarwal S. , Abu‐Orf M. M. , Novak J. T.
Published: March 2006

Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion of sludge is known to produce poorly dewatering sludges. Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the reasons for the poor dewatering. It was found that, during digestion, proteins and polysaccharides were released into solution, and that these could be linked to the deterioration in dewatering. The biopolymer release was accompanied by an increase in the monovalent‐to‐divalent (M/D) cation ratio. The degree to which the M/D caused deterioration of the sludges depended on the presence of iron in sludge. When the iron content was high, the release of protein and polysaccharides was low. When iron was low, the release of protein and polysaccharides increased linearly with the M/D ratio. The dose of conditioning chemicals, cationic polymer or ferric chloride, was related to the amount of colloidal biopolymer present in solution. The findings suggest that the addition of iron during the digestion process has the potential to produce better dewatering sludges.
Enhanced Desorption of RDX from Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: Morley Matthew C. , Speitel Gerald E. , Fatemi Mostafa
Published: March 2006

Several methods (cosolvents, surfactants, and cyclodextrins) were compared for improving desorption of a high explosive, RDX, from granular activated carbon (GAC). In batch desorption tests, 3% of the adsorbed RDX (initially 71.1 mg RDX/g GAC) was desorbed by water over 11 days, compared to 92.6% desorption by 100% ethanol. Solutions of ethanol or methanol in water also effectively desorbed RDX, although methanol was somewhat less effective than ethanol. Sodium dodecyl sulfate desorbed as much as 70% of the adsorbed RDX, while the non‐ionic surfactants Tween 80, Triton X‐100, and Brij 30 desorbed as much as 42 to 51% of the RDX. In continuous flow column tests, GAC was partially regenerated. One‐half of the adsorbed RDX was desorbed by 2100 bed volumes (BV) of 10% ethanol, compared to the 22 500 BV of buffered water. Column modeling indicated that competitive adsorption and altered equilibrium conditions combined to enhance RDX desorption.
Comparison of Dissolved‐Organic‐Carbon Residuals from Air‐ and Pure‐Oxygen‐Activated‐Sludge Sequencing‐Batch Reactors
Authors: Esparza‐Soto Mario , Fox Peter , Westerhoff Paul
Published: March 2006

Literature shows that full‐scale pure‐oxygen activated sludge (O 2‐AS) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) generate effluents with higher dissolved‐organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and larger high‐molecular‐weight fractions compared to air‐activated‐sludge (Air‐AS) WWTP effluents. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate how gas supplied (air vs. pure oxygen) to sequencing‐batch reactors affected DOC transformations. The main conclusions of this paper are (a) O 2‐AS effluent DOC is more refractory than air‐AS effluent DOC; and (b) O 2‐AS systems may have higher five‐day biochemical oxygen demand removals than air‐AS systems; however, in terms of COD and DOC removal, air‐AS systems are better than O 2‐AS systems. Analysis of a database from side‐by‐side O 2‐ and air‐AS pilot tests from literature supported these observations.
Paradigms Lost: Academic Practice and Exteriorising Technologies
Authors: Land Ray
Published: March 2006

Using Milton's Paradise Lost as metaphor, this article examines shifting positions of authority, and the role of technology, in higher education practice. As higher education becomes caught up in the performative agendas of globalised market rationalism, technology is mobilised in a specific way which sits uncomfortably with disciplinary culture, making academics complicit in a potentially problematic fashion. Learning technology serves a process of exteriorisation, rendering academic practices visible and calculable, and more amenable to the influence of management, to the authority of organisation, and less to tradition and the authority of the discipline. Trust and the ability to live with uncertainty and risk are displaced by audit; critique gives way to domestication. The more shadowy, private collegium must be open to survey within the transparent administrative universitas. Yet these same technologies remain potential sites of disciplinary resistance, or ‘culture jamming’ through the spaces they make available for contestability and interconnectivity.
eQuality: A Dialogue between Quality and Academia
Authors: Ingraham Bruce Douglas , Ingraham Shirley May
Published: March 2006

This article has two objectives: to explore the changing power relationships within the quality management practices of United Kingdom higher education with specific reference to online learning and the role of learning technologists; and to explore some of the issues surrounding the potential to represent academic discourse through media other than conventional printed articles and, by so doing, open for discussion the potential conflict between the hierarchical power structure of academic publishing and the carnival of the academic internet. These objectives will be achieved through a ‘mini case study’ that reflects on the implication of representing some of the issues surrounding the emerging quality agenda through a video-mediated dialogue that can not, by definition, be included in the medium of academic print.
Temptation, Trash and Trust: The Authorship and Authority of Digital Texts
Authors: Bayne Siǎn
Published: March 2006

This article considers the question of the authorship of digital texts and their use by learners and teachers in higher education. It draws on the work of Foucault, in particular how his concept of the ‘author function’ is applied by Poster to the authorships of the digital age. From this theoretical basis, the article goes on to consider some examples of text in digital space, looking at how, specifically, hypertext, email, wikis and blogs each re-articulate the author in different ways. In the final section of the article, interviews with teachers and students in higher education are analysed in terms of the discourses they use in describing digital text and its use within academia. The article shows how interviewees demonstrated significant resistance to digital texts and authorships within academic practice, generally viewing the texts of cyberspace as somehow subversive and other to the true academic project.