bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le « glauque » ou la production de sperme infertile
Authors: Giami Alain
Published: January 2011

Résumé Les procédures de procréation médicalement assistée comportent un examen biologique du sperme qui est réalisé après masturbation (souvent à l’aide de magazines pornographiques). Une enquête ethnographique a été réalisée dans deux grands hôpitaux parisiens et fait apparaître des réactions subjectives associant la gêne, la honte, le malaise, le dégoût, face à la pratique de la masturbation dans des locaux et un contexte inappropriés. La confusion entre les registres médical et sexuel, l’impossibilité de désexualiser une pratique taboue et la nature stérile du sperme seraient à l’origine du dégoût et du sentiment de « glauque » ressentis à l’égard du sperme lorsqu’il est produit dans ce contexte médical.
Le dégoût dans les campagnes de lutte contre le sida
Authors: Pezeril Charlotte
Published: January 2011

Résumé Après avoir été particulièrement attentives aux questions de discrimination et de stigmatisation des personnes vivant avec le vih /sida, les campagnes médiatiques de prévention s’appuient à nouveau en France, depuis les années 2000, sur les ressorts du dégoût et de la peur à l’égard non seulement de la maladie, mais surtout des personnes atteintes. Cet article analyse quatre figures majeures du dégoût tel qu’il est mis en scène dans ces campagnes. Il tente de comprendre leur émergence et leurs articulations avec la politique de prévention et de lutte contre le sida, et plus largement avec la biopolitique et le gouvernement des corps.
Le tabou du dégoût
Authors: Vollaire Christiane
Published: January 2011

Résumé L’épreuve du dégoût est au cœur de l’expérience médicale et soignante, comme une constante quotidienne du rapport sensoriel à la maladie et aux formes multiples de la dégradation des corps. Et cependant elle n’est jamais dite, ni dans les échanges au sein des équipes, ni dans les discours qui contribuent à la formation au sein de l’institution. On se trouve donc ici devant un véritable tabou, dont les effets, loin d’abolir le rapport à l’émotion répulsive, tendent au contraire à le potentialiser.
Voisiner en Turquie urbaine
Authors: Bayard-Çan Hélène
Published: January 2011

Résumé Cet article vise, à partir d’une analyse de réseau social, à dégager les spécificités du voisinage – une institution – en Turquie urbaine. Il présente les divers modes de voisiner et détermine les différents espaces et temps du voisinage en insistant notamment sur les variations saisonnières. L’étude du réseau de voisins et de sa structure permet ensuite de déterminer les facteurs favorisant la propension à voisiner et montre le rôle des femmes au foyer et de leurs réunions régulières dans l’extension et la cohésion du réseau.
Aux sources juridiques de la représentation d'intérêts entre États (XIX e -XX e siècles)
Authors: Pancracio Jean-Paul
Published: January 2011

Résumé Cette contribution tend à démontrer, après des précisions terminologiques liminaires, qu’il a existé initialement, dans un processus assez informel, une association entre la protection d’intérêts entre États et le statut de neutralité permanente. Cela supposait un contexte de guerre dans lequel les belligérants se trouvaient en rupture de relations diplomatiques. C’est avec le conflit franco-prussien de 1870 que s’instaure la première pratique significative de la représentation d’intérêts entre États, qui sera confirmée au cours des deux guerres mondiales du xx e siècle. Toutefois, la relation de protection et de représentation d’intérêts repose encore très largement de nos jours sur le mandat de puissance protectrice, donc sur une relation bilatérale de type contractuel, plus que sur une coutume internationale incertaine et un droit conventionnel lacunaire.
En l'absence de relations diplomatiques et de puissance protectrice : la protection des intérêts soviétiques durant la période dite de transition
Authors: Fayet Jean-François
Published: January 2011

Résumé L’arrivée au pouvoir des bolcheviks en Russie entraîne une profonde déstabilisation du système international à laquelle les puissances répondent par le boycott diplomatique et les interventions. Dans un premier temps, alors qu’ils placent encore tous leurs espoirs dans une rapide extension de la révolution mondiale symbolisée par la création de l’Internationale communiste, les dirigeants soviétiques ne s’inquiètent pas trop de leur isolement diplomatique et de l’absence de puissance protectrice. Mais la révolution prolétarienne échoue partout hors de Russie et, à l’automne 1919, la Russie soviétique, qui cherche à entrer en contact avec ses ressortissants à l’étranger et à récupérer ses droits sur les biens de l’État russe, décide d’utiliser les représentants à l’étranger de la Société russe de la Croix-Rouge comme substitut de puissance protectrice.
Le deuil et la mélancolie dans Cinéma de Deleuze, Analyse de Profession reporter d'Antonioni
Authors: Fukuda Daisuke
Published: January 2011

Résumé Le thème du double est abondant dans les travaux littéraires de Freud. Il est abordé par ses écrivains préférés comme Zweig, Schnitzler, Hoffmann et surtout Jensen, auteur de Gradiva . Nous allons traiter l’analyse cinématographique du double avec Deleuze. Dans son ouvrage consacré au septième art, le philosophe essaie de se différencier de la doctrine freudienne surtout quand il traite les films d’Antonioni dont les thèmes majeurs sont le double, le regard, et la mélancolie. En examinant les mêmes thèmes par deux médiums différents, nous verrons la solidité de l’abord freudien de l’image.
« Un œil noir te regarde »
Authors: Aboudrar Bruno Nassim
Published: January 2011

Résumé Freud confère à son article sur le Moïse de Michel-Ange une dimension auto-analytique : son analyse de l’œuvre sculpturale doit lui révéler les raisons de son attirance esthétique pour elle. Du coup, à la manière dont tels récits de cas permettent presque d’entendre Freud écouter, son étude romaine offre au lecteur une rare occasion de le regarder voir, d’observer à l’œuvre ce regard analytique soucieux comme d’un savoir des motivations de son plaisir.
Fonctions d'une image dans un processus révolutionnaire
Authors: Boons-Grafé Marie-Claire
Published: January 2011

Résumé Quand l’image (ici de Mao) porteuse de la cause du désir se fond dans l’agir des masses qu’elle rassemble : il y faut le nombre, pensé (par Lacan) comme une qualité possible de l’objet a .
Extension du domaine du cauchemar
Authors: Kaltenbeck Franz
Published: January 2011

Résumé Tout le long de son enseignement, Jacques Lacan s’est intéressé au cauchemar. Mais pourquoi affirme-t-il, dans Le sinthome , que tout rêve en est un, « même s’il est un cauchemar tempéré » ? Afin de répondre à cette question, nous proposons d’abord une nouvelle lecture du chapitre VII D, « Le réveiller par le rêve – la fonction du rêve – le rêve d’angoisse » de La science des rêves et nous montrons comment, dans ses Écrits et dans ses Séminaires, Lacan articule le cauchemar à la différence sexuelle, à l’angoisse, à la pensée, à la mort, au réveil et à l’écriture de Joyce. Un rêve devient un cauchemar quand il tente de montrer au sujet ce qu’il n’a pas voulu voir.
Jouer avec le feu
Authors: Soulès Dominique
Published: January 2011

Résumé Valère a vécu enfance et adolescence dans une famille incestueuse et viol(e/a)nte. Il parvient un temps à juguler les effets sur lui de cette constellation familiale déviante et à éviter de sombrer dans la dépression. Mais la mort de sa mère le plonge dans une mélancolie qu’il tente de circonscrire en se mutilant (gravement) avec le feu.
A Unique Role of the Cholera Toxin A1-DD Adjuvant for Long-Term Plasma and Memory B Cell Development
Authors: Bemark Mats , Bergqvist Peter , Stensson Anneli , Holmberg Anna , Mattsson Johan , Lycke Nils Y.
Published: January 2011

Adjuvants have traditionally been appreciated for their immunoenhancing effects, whereas their impact on immunological memory has largely been neglected. In this paper, we have compared three mechanistically distinct adjuvants: aluminum salts (Alum), Ribi (monophosphoryl lipid A), and the cholera toxin A1 fusion protein CTA1-DD. Their influence on long-term memory development was dramatically different. Whereas a single immunization i.p. with 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)-chicken γ-globulin and adjuvant stimulated serum anti-NP IgG titers that were comparable at 5 wk, CTA1-DD–adjuvanted responses were maintained for >16 mo with a half-life of anti-NP IgG ∼36 wk, but <15 wk after Ribi or Alum. A CTA1-DD dose-dependent increase in germinal center (GC) size and numbers was found, with >60% of splenic B cell follicles hosting GC at an optimal CTA1-DD dose. Roughly 7% of these GC were NP specific. This GC-promoting effect correlated well with the persistence of long-term plasma cells in the bone marrow and memory B cells in the spleen. CTA1-DD also facilitated increased somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation of NP-specific IgG Abs in a dose-dependent fashion, hence arguing that large GC not only promotes higher Ab titers but also high-quality Ab production. Adoptive transfer of splenic CD80+, but not CD80−, B cells, at 1 y after immunization demonstrated functional long-term anti-NP IgG and IgM memory cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report to specifically compare and document that adjuvants can differ considerably in their support of long-term immune responses. Differential effects on the GC reaction appear to be the basis for these differences.
Cutting Edge: TIGIT Has T Cell-Intrinsic Inhibitory Functions
Authors: Joller Nicole , Hafler Jason P. , Brynedal Boel , Kassam Nasim , Spoerl Silvia , Levin Steven D. , Sharpe Arlene H. , Kuchroo Vijay K.
Published: January 2011

Costimulatory molecules regulate the functional outcome of T cell activation, and disturbance of the balance between activating and inhibitory signals results in increased susceptibility to infection or the induction of autoimmunity. Similar to the well-characterized CD28/CTLA-4 costimulatory pathway, a newly emerging pathway consisting of CD226 and T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) has been associated with susceptibility to multiple autoimmune diseases. In this study, we examined the role of the putative coinhibitory molecule TIGIT and show that loss of TIGIT in mice results in hyperproliferative T cell responses and increased susceptibility to autoimmunity. TIGIT is thought to indirectly inhibit T cell responses by the induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells. By generating an agonistic anti-TIGIT Ab, we demonstrate that TIGIT can inhibit T cell responses directly independent of APCs. Microarray analysis of T cells stimulated with agonistic anti-TIGIT Ab revealed that TIGIT can act directly on T cells by attenuating TCR-driven activation signals.
Role of the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla in the Arterial Hypertension in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Dugaich Adriana P. Castilho , Oliveira-Sales Elizabeth B. , Abreu Nayda P. , Boim Mirian A. , Bergamaschi Cássia T. , Campos Ruy R.
Published: January 2011

Sympathetic activation in chronic renal failure (CRF) is a major mechanism leading to the progression of renal disease and hypertension. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that in CRF increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the RVLM mediated by enhanced circulating Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important mechanism leading to hypertension in CRF. In CRF rats we found an increase in the abundance of p47phoxand gp91phoxmRNA within the RVLM associated with a reduction of Ang II type 1 receptors (AT1) mRNA in the brainstem compared to controls (C). Tempol but not candesartan into the RVLM decreased MAP in CRF but not in C rats. GABA into the RVLM decreased MAP in CRF (63±8 mmHg) more intensely than in C (33±3 mmHg). The results suggest that increased oxidative stress within the RVLM has an important participation to maintain hypertension in CRF rats apparently independently of AT1Ang II receptors.
A primary cutaneous adenoid-cystic carcinoma in a young woman. Differential diagnosis and clinical implications
Authors: Cacchi Claudio , Persechino Severino , Fidanza Laura , Bartolazzi Armando
Published: January 2011

Primary cutaneous adenoid-cystic carcinoma (PCACC) is a rare slow-growing neoplasm of disputed histogenesis characterized by a cribriform pattern at histology and local aggressive behaviour. Up to date about 60 cases of PCACC have been reported in the literature. This tumour is most common in the scalp, affects middle-aged and older individuals (mean age 59) and has predilection for women. We describe an unexpected case of PCACC in a 32-years-old woman referred to our clinic for a subcutaneous nodule in the scalp showing a slow growth and indolent course. The differential diagnosis and the clinical management of this PCACC patient, successfully treated with a wide local excision, are presented and discussed.
Relationship Between Pain Catastrophizing Level and Sensory Processing Patterns in Typical Adults
Authors: Engel-Yeger Batya , Dunn Winnie
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE. We examined the relationship between pain perception, as expressed by pain catastrophizing level, and sensory processing patterns among typical adults.

METHOD. Two hundred ninety healthy adults participated in this study: 138 men and 152 women. Their ages ranged from 18 to 50 (mean age = 30.2 ± 6.8). All participants completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS).

RESULTS. PCS scores significantly correlated with Low Registration, Sensory Sensitivity, and Sensation Avoiding. Women had higher sensory sensitivity and a higher pain catastrophizing level than did men.

CONCLUSION. Sensory processing patterns may be related to individual pain perception, as expressed in pain catastrophizing level. Intervention programs should take these factors into account to be more focused on the specific needs of each client, facilitate his or her optimal engagement in daily living activities, and elevate well-being.
Evaluating Driving as a Valued Instrumental Activity of Daily Living
Authors: Dickerson Anne E. , Reistetter Timothy , Davis Elin Schold , Monahan Miriam
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this translational research article is to illustrate how general practice occupational therapists have the skills and knowledge to address driving as a valued occupation using an algorithm based on the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (2nd ed.; American Occupational Therapy Association, 2008b). Evidence to support the model is offered by a research study. Participants were compared on their performance of complex instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) and a behind-the-wheel driving assessment. A significant relationship was found between the process skills from the performance assessment and whether the driver passed, failed, or needed restrictions as indicated by the behind-the-wheel assessment. The evidence suggests that occupational therapists using observational performance evaluation of IADLs can assist in determining who might be an at-risk driver. The algorithm addresses how driver rehabilitation specialists can be used most effectively and efficiently with general practice occupational therapy practitioners meeting the needs of senior drivers.
Factors Associated With Therapists’ Involvement in Children’s Transition to Preschool
Authors: Myers Christine Teeters , Schneck Colleen M. , Effgen Susan K. , McCormick Katherine M. , Shasby Sharon Brandenburger
Published: January 2011

We identified factors associated with occupational therapists’ involvement as children receiving early intervention services transition into preschool. A survey was sent to members of the American Occupational Therapy Association’s School System Special Interest Section. The highest ranked factor for respondents in early intervention was understanding their role (mean [M]= 4.96, standard deviation [SD] = 1.26, n = 78) and for respondents in preschool programs it was having preschool staff value their participation (M = 4.84, SD = 1.46, n = 248). Preschool occupational therapists’ relationship with early intervention providers, employer-based supports, and knowledge of the transition process were significantly associated with their involvement in two transition planning areas: collaboration with early intervention programs (p < .001) and family support (p < .001). Findings suggest that practices that enhance relationships among programs influence occupational therapist involvement. Implications for formal training to support involvement in the transition process are discussed.
Caregiver Awareness of Prone Play Recommendations
Authors: Zachry Anne H. , Kitzmann Katherine M.
Published: January 2011

We examined caregiver awareness of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ prone play recommendation, determined the primary sources of the recommendation, and examined why some infants are not provided “tummy time.” Of caregivers, 25% were not aware of prone play recommendations, and one-fourth of that group was not aware of potential complications from limited tummy time. The primary sources of prone play information and potential complications were printed materials, then pediatricians. Of infants, 53% received ≤30 min; 35% were intolerant of the prone position. This study indicates that many caregivers are not aware of tummy time and complications that can occur if it is not provided. Health care professionals, including therapists, must educate parents on the importance of prone play and provide information on how to increase infant tolerance for prone play time.
Occupational Therapy Interventions for Work-Related Injuries and Conditions of the Forearm, Wrist, and Hand: A Systematic Review
Authors: Amini Debbie
Published: January 2011

A systematic review of the literature related to effective occupational therapy interventions in rehabilitation of individuals with work-related forearm, wrist, and hand injuries and illnesses was conducted as part of the Evidence-Based Literature Review Project of the American Occupational Therapy Association. This review provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of 36 studies that addressed many of the interventions commonly used in hand rehabilitation. Findings reveal that the use of occupation-based activities has reasonable yet limited evidence to support its effectiveness. This review supports the premise that many client factors can be positively affected through the use of several commonly used occupational therapy–related modalities and methods. The implications for occupational therapy practice, research, and education and limitations of reviewed studies are also discussed.
Effective Occupational Therapy Interventions in the Rehabilitation of Individuals With Work-Related Low Back Injuries and Illnesses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Snodgrass Jeff
Published: January 2011

A systematic review of the literature related to effective occupational therapy interventions in rehabilitation of individuals with work-related low back injuries and illnesses was carried out as part of the Evidence-Based Literature Review Project of the American Occupational Therapy Association. This review evaluated research on a broad range of occupational therapy–related intervention procedures and approaches. Findings from the review indicate that the evidence is insufficient to support or refute the effectiveness of exercise therapy and other conservative treatments for subacute and chronic low back injuries. The research reviewed strongly suggests that for interventions to be effective, occupational therapy practitioners should use a holistic, client-centered approach. The research supports the need for occupational therapy practitioners to consider multiple strategies for addressing clients’ needs. Specifically, interventions for individuals with low back injuries and illnesses should incorporate a biopsychosocial, client-centered approach that includes actively involving the client in the rehabilitation process at the beginning of the intervention process and addressing the client’s psychosocial needs in addition to his or her physical impairments. The implications for occupational therapy practice, research, and education are also discussed.
Creating a Clinically Useful Data Collection Form for the DASH Questionnaire
Authors: Lehman Leigh A. , Sindhu Bhagwant S. , Johnson Jessica , Velozo Craig A.
Published: January 2011

PURPOSE. We generated a clinically useful data collection form for the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. This data collection form is designed to aid in measuring change and goal setting.

METHOD. Rasch analysis was used to generate three data collection forms for constructs on the DASH (gross motor, fine motor, and symptoms; N = 960). A form was completed to represent the findings from 1 study participant. Admission and discharge data were illustrated for one of the three sections (gross motor activity). Possible goals were indicated on the admission form. The discharge form illustrates whether these goals have been achieved.

RESULTS. Figures illustrate the utility of the forms in observing functional change from admission to discharge and how the forms aid in goal setting.

CONCLUSION. Use of the data collection form has many positive implications. This type of form could aid in goal setting and treatment planning.
Researcher-Led Development of E-Research in the Social Sciences: The Case of an E-Social Science Pilot Demonstrator Project
Authors: Wessels Bridgette , Craglia Max
Published: January 2011

The introduction and use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the process of research is extending beyond research management into research practice itself. This extension of the use of ICT in research is being termed as e-research. The characteristics of e-research are seen as the combination of three interrelated strands, which are: the increased computerization of the research process; research organized more predominantly in the form of distributed networks of researchers, and a strong emphasis on visualization. E-research has become established in the natural sciences but the development of e-research in relation to social sciences is variable and less pervasive. The richness of the social sciences and their variety of practices and engagement in diverse fields of study mean that e-research as utilized in the natural sciences cannot be easily migrated into the social sciences. This paper explores the development of e-research for the social sciences. The paper is based on an ESRC funded e-social science demonstrator project in which social scientists sought to shape the use of Grid ICT technologies in the research process. The project is called: ‘Collaborative Analysis of Offenders’ Personal and Area-based Social Exclusion’: it addresses social exclusion in relation to how individual and neighbourhood effects account for geographical variations of crime patterns and explores the opportunities and challenges offered by e-research to address the research problem. The paper suggests that if e-research is driven from the needs of social research then it can enhance the practice of social science.
The Meanings of Communion: Anglican Identities, the Sexuality Debates, and Christian Relationality
Authors: Vanderbeck Robert M. , Valentine Gill , Ward Kevin , Sadgrove Joanna , Andersson Johan
Published: January 2011

Recent discussions of the international Anglican Communion have been dominated by notions of a ‘crisis’ and ‘schism’ resulting from conflicts over issues of homosexuality. Existing accounts of the Communion have often tended to emphasise the perspectives of those most vocal in the debates (particularly bishops, senior clergy, and pressure groups) or to engage in primarily theological analysis. This article examines the nature of the purported ‘crisis’ from the perspectives of Anglicans in local parishes in three different national contexts: England, South Africa, and the United States. Unusually for writing on the Communion, attention is simultaneously given to parishes that have clear pro-gay stances, those that largely oppose the acceptance of homosexual practice, and those with more ambivalent positions. In doing so, the article offers new insights for the growing body of literature on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Christians, as well as wider discussions about the contested nature of contemporary Anglican and other Christian identities. Key themes include the divergent ways in which respondents felt (and did not feel) connections to the spatially distant ‘others’ with whom they are in Communion; the complex relationships and discordances between parish, denominational, and Communion-level identities; and competing visions of the role of the Communion in producing unity or preserving diversity amongst Anglicans.
Social Security Policy and Vindictiveness
Authors: Grover Chris
Published: January 2011

This paper uses the work of Jock YOUNG (2002 , 2003 ) on the emergence of vindictiveness in late modern society to examine two recent developments – the withdrawal, in certain circumstances, of Housing Benefit from those people evicted for ‘anti-social’ behaviour and the proposed introduction of a Treatment Allowance for ‘problem drug users’ – in social security policy. The paper argues that while since the development of collective responses to poverty there has been concern with the behaviour of individuals in relation to paid work, we are entering a new period of social security policy where it is the general behaviour of individuals that increasingly defines access to social security benefits, rather than their financial needs.
Empowering or Disempowering? Online Support among Seafarer-Partners
Authors: Tang Lijun
Published: January 2011

Past research in sociology and social psychology has revealed two aspects of online support. This mutual support among members of online support groups brings about empowerment as well as produces common values. The interaction between the two, however, has not been explicitly explored. This paper fills in this gap by examining the activities of a group of seafarer-partners in an online support group. It shows that common beliefs and values in groups can make online support, which is supposed to be empowering, serve disempowering purposes. This suggests that online support can produce a tension between empowerment and disempowerment. The finding leads to the conclusion that group values condition the empowerment potential of online support.
Social Mobility and Social Inequality: The Ambivalence of the Middle Class
Authors: Wong Yi-Lee
Published: January 2011

In following the lead of Savage and his associates, who unpack the ambivalent nature of class identities, this paper draws on narratives of seventy-three middle-class respondents in post-war Hong Kong to illustrate that pacifying effects of social mobility could operate through a sense of ambivalence. Moving into a newly emerging middle class, my respondents applied such class label to themselves; recognising their relocation, the respondents attributed their successes to their talents and efforts and thus embraced an achievement ideology – the Hong Kong dream – and viewed themselves as deserving members of the middle class. At the same time, they were ambivalent about the ideology, manifested in their sympathy with their parents’ structural failures and their anxiety about their children's future. Yet, their ambivalence did not mean to challenge the ideology but served to confirm that my respondents deserved a middle-class position and to show that they were sympathetic individuals and good parents.
‘My Bed or Our Bed?’: Gendered Negotiations in the Sleep of Same-Sex Couples
Authors: Kirkman Allison
Published: January 2011

Sexuality as well as gender can be added to the range of socio-structural factors that influence the social patterning of sleep. This paper draws on in-depth interviews with 20 women and men aged between 45 – 65 years in same-sex couple relationships to examine how they negotiate their sleeping arrangements. The paper contends that gender differences are evident in how these negotiations are played out in the bedroom with women and men in same-sex relationships mirroring some of the patterns demonstrated in the research about women and men in opposite-sex couple relationships. However there are also differences, both between the same-sex women and men, and also when compared with the research concerned with the sleep negotiations between opposite-sex couples. These differences relate to the strategies used in managing a same-sex coupled identity with sharing a bed part of this management.
Epistemic Communities Facing a New Type of Agora? Centres of Science, Technology and Innovation as Defining the New Research Landscape in Finland
Authors: Poutanen Seppo , Kovalainen Anne
Published: January 2011

We analyse the question of what role and positions epistemic communities have in the agora, and more specifically in the new mediating organizations that are established at the interface of the state, businesses and universities. These new organizational structures embody the present politics of knowledge that reign in national science policy globally. The new organizational structures, as potentially new agoras, also epitomize several of the changes that have taken place in the science and industry landscape of the past decades all over Europe and the world. We are interested in understanding how epistemic communities are situated vis-à-vis agora in knowledge production. The empirical example comes from Finland, where major new institutional reforms in science policy, the new strategic centres of science, technology and innovations, have been implemented to create possibilities for new knowledge creation and new product and service development. These centres of science, technology and innovations (CSTIs) were originally planned as functioning agoras, open, simultaneous and joint platforms for the state, businesses, researchers and universities. In the article we show how the organizational structure and decision making processes adopted in the CSTIs have changed the original idea of agora, thus changing also the position of epistemic communities involved. In the process, we evaluate Nowotny's interpretation of agora.
Researching Barriers to Cultural Change for those in Loco Parentis
Authors: Piper Heather , Sikes Pat
Published: January 2011

Drawing on recent research on professional fears around touching children, and also on the consequences for those professionals who find themselves the subject of a false allegation of abuse, this paper considers some of the barriers to changing the ‘parenting’ culture of those in loco parentis. It consists of three linked sections. The first sets the scene by describing briefly the research relating to ‘touch’ and to ‘false allegation’ as well as outlining the particular ethical and methodological approach of the latter. This leads into the central section of the paper which comprises a first person account of the experiences of a male teacher who was wrongly accused and convicted of touching young children inappropriately in the classroom, serving a prison sentence before being found not guilty. In spite of this verdict his career is ruined and he will not be able to teach or work with children/vulnerable adults in the future. The final section reflects on the implications of this and other accounts, and offers tentative suggestions as to how accusations could be dealt with in a more appropriate way. The challenge is to identify principles and practices which are in keeping with our joint responsibility in relation to human rights (ie those of both children and professionals), and which also contribute towards encouraging the changes required in the ‘parenting’ culture of those in loco parentis .
Class, Individualisation and Perceived (Dis)advantages: Not Either/Or but Both/And?
Authors: Atkinson Will
Published: January 2011

One of the core contentions of the individualisation thesis is that the residents of contemporary Western nations are no longer willing or able to perceive the motors of their life paths as external, social forces such as ‘class’ or material resources and instead talk of internal, personal facets and motivations. This paper, grounded in a Bourdieusian understanding of class, engages with this prominent assertion through analysis of 55 life-history interviews with people from a mix of class positions. It reveals that though individualistic sentiments are present, the respondents were all too ready to cite various forms of capital as advantages or disadvantages as well, though the degree to which they were seen as ‘external’ or ‘individualised’ differed by class. Furthermore, when ‘class’ was brought explicitly into the frame it was generally seen as a playing a fundamental role in life's trajectory, but mainly through issues of interaction and (mis)recognition rather than deprivation and inequality. Insofar as individualistic schemes of perception and class thus intertwine these processes could be said to represent what Beck refers to as a ‘both/and’ situation, but since they are neither particularly new nor damaging to class analysis the individualisation thesis is put in doubt.
Innovation and Reduction in Contemporary Qualitative Methods: The Case of Conceptual Coupling, Activity-Type Pairs and Auto-Ethnography
Authors: Housley William , Smith Robin James
Published: January 2011

During the course of this paper we mobilise an ideal typical framework that identifies three waves of reduction within contemporary qualitative inquiry as they relate to key aspects of the sociological tradition. The paper begins with a consideration of one of sociology's key questions; namely how is social organisation possible? The paper aims to demonstrate how this question moves from view as increased specialisation and differentiation in qualitative methodology within sociology and related disciplines results in a fragmentation and decontextualisation of social practices from social orders. Indeed, the extent to which qualitative methods have been detached from sociological principles is considered in relation to the emergence of a reductionist tendency. The paper argues that the first wave is typified by conceptual couplings such as ‘discourse and the subject’, ‘narrative and experience’, ‘space and place’ and the second by ‘activity type couplings’ such as ‘walking and talking’ and ‘making and telling’ and then, finally, the third wave exemplified through auto-ethnography and digital lifelogging. We argue each of these three waves represent a series of steps in qualitative reduction that, whilst representing innovation, need to reconnect with questions of action, order and social organisation as a complex whole as opposed to disparate parts.
Under the Influence? The Construction of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome in UK Newspapers
Authors: Lowe Pam , Lee Ellie , Yardley Liz
Published: January 2011

Today, alongside many other proscriptions, women are expected to abstain or at least limit their alcohol consumption during pregnancy. This advice is reinforced through warning labels on bottles and cans of alcoholic drinks. In most (but not all) official policies, this is linked to a risk of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) or one of its associated conditions. However, given that there is little medical evidence that low levels of alcohol consumption have an adverse impact on the foetus, we need to examine broader societal ideas to explain why this has now become a policy concern. This paper presents a quantitative and qualitative assessment of analysis of the media in this context. By analysing the frames over time, this paper will trace the emergence of concerns about alcohol consumption during pregnancy. It will argue that contemporary concerns about FAS are framed around a number of pre-existing discourses including alcohol consumption as a social problem, heightened concerns about children at risk and shifts in ideas about the responsibility of motherhood including during the pre-conception and pregnancy periods. Whilst the newspapers regularly carried critiques of the abstinence position now advocated, these challenges focused did little to refute current parenting cultures.
Developing Email Interview Practices in Qualitative Research
Authors: Burns Edgar
Published: January 2011

This article describes using email as a kind of interview. In a sociological study of professional career transition into law, on several occasions in that study, interview participants suggested using emails rather than face-to-face interviews. This ‘irregularity’ set off reflection whether email interviews counted as ‘proper’ interviews. Discussing examples of email interviews clarifies differences from other uses of email in research, and assists exploration of advantages and disadvantages of email interviews as a qualitative research method. A preliminary framework is suggested for evaluation the suitability of email interviews. Present-day limitations point to continuing development in this area of social research. Current indications are that emergent media technologies such as email interviews, like other new media innovations, do not diminish older forms, but rather enrich the array of investigatory tools available for social research today.
Understanding the Significance of the Teenage Mother in Contemporary Parenting Culture
Authors: Macvarish Jan
Published: January 2011

This paper attempts to understand the prominence given to teenage pregnancy in policy discussions since the late-1990s by contextualising it within a broader analysis of the contemporary ‘culture of parenting’. The emerging field of parenting culture studies has begun to develop an analysis of the key features of policy, practice and informal culture. Three key concepts are discussed to shed an alternative light on the issue of teenage pregnancy and parenthood with the hope of further developing the healthy debate that has emerged in recent years in response to policy priorities: the development of ‘parental tribalism’ whereby differing parental choices and behaviour become a site for identity formation; the idea of a deficit at the level of parenting and intimate familial relationships; the reconceptualising of the parent as an autonomous, authoritative adult to a more infantilised imagining. The teenage mother, herself neither adult nor child, becomes emblematic of these developments.
‘I’ and ‘We’ Identities – an Eliasian Perspective on Lesbian and Gay Identities’
Authors: Moore Allison
Published: January 2011

Lesbian and gay sociology has witnessed a reflexive turn in recent years, which emphasises choice, self-creation and self-determination in the formation of sexual identities. Individuals are involved in, what GIDDENS (1991) called, a ‘project of self’ or a ‘reflexive biography’, which allows them to engage in a dynamic and constantly evolving process of defining and re-defining their self-identity. Identity becomes fluid, fragmented and plastic. In a recent issue of this journal, Brian Heaphy argued that such accounts of lesbian and gay reflexivity are partial and fail to take account of the ways in which structural factors continue to limit one's choice narrative and he proposed a move towards a reflexive sociology, rather than a sociology of reflexivity. This article seeks to develop Heaphy's argument further and suggests that the limitation of theories of reflexivity lies in their inability to adequately account for the continued significance of collectivity, interdependency and human relations in shaping an individual's identity. Drawing on Norbert Elias’ figurational sociology, it will be argued that against a reflexive model of identity that privileges individualism, choice and creativity over collectivity and material constraints, there is a pressing need to revisit and re-establish our interdependent relationships with one another.
Sociology Still Lagging on Climate Change
Authors: Lever-Tracy Constance
Published: January 2011

This note responds to the discussion pieces by Elizabeth Shove and John Urry in the debates section of Sociological Research Online, 31 August 2010.
The ESRC's 2010 Framework for Research Ethics: Fit for Research Purpose?
Authors: Stanley Liz , Wise Sue
Published: January 2011

The ESRC's (2010) Framework for Research Ethics extends the remit of its 2005 research ethics framework in three significant ways: the system is to be fully mandatory and it will no longer be possible to make the case that no out of the ordinary ethical issues arise; the Research Ethics Committees (RECs) set up under the ESRC's 2005 document have extended remit, including reviewing all research proposals accepted by the ESRC and other funding bodies; and funding will depend on the REC review, with its purview extending through a project's life. The 2010 document is reviewed in detail and the conclusion is drawn that it is not fit for purpose. Six wider issues raised by the FRE document are discussed: the consultation process by the ESRC was insufficient and the informed consent of the social science community was not obtained; the ethics creep involved will involve unnecessary bureaucratisation; the RECs will operate without expert discipline-specific knowledge using unethical generalist criteria; the overall effects long-term will be deleterious to the research base; the FRE document unacceptably ignores the professional associations and their research ethics guidelines; and the ESRC's system of the expert peer review of funding applications will be undermined.
ENSO and IOD teleconnections for African ecosystems: evidence of destructive interference between climate oscillations
Authors: Williams C. A. , Hanan N. P.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Rainfall and vegetation across Africa are known to resonate with the coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomena of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). However, the regional-scale implications of sea surface temperature variability for Africa's photosyntheis have received little focused attention, particularly in the case of IOD. Furthermore, studies exploring the interactive effects of ENSO and IOD when coincident are lacking. This analysis uses remotely sensed vegetation change plus a land surface model driven with observed meteorology to investigate how rainfall, vegetation, and photosynthesis across Africa respond to these climate oscillations. In addition to the relatively well-known ENSO forcing, the IOD induces large departures of photosynthesis across much of Africa associated with anomalies in rainfall and vegetation greenness. More importantly, sizeable independent effects can be suppressed or even reversed by destructive interferences during periods of simultaneous ENSO and IOD activity. For example, effects of positive IOD on southeastern Africa tended to dominate those of El Niño during their coincidence spanning 1997–1998, with sign reversal of El Niño's typically strong suppression of photosynthesis in this region. These findings call into question past analyses examining teleconnections to ENSO or IOD in isolation, and indicate the need to consider their simultaneous states when examining influences on hydroclimatic and ecological conditions across Africa.
Simulating the growth and distribution of planktic foraminifer using an ecophysiological multi-species model
Authors: Lombard F. , Labeyrie L. , Michel E. , Bopp L. , Cortijo E. , Retailleau S. , Howa H. , Jorissen F.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. We present an eco-physiological model reproducing the growth of eight foraminifer species (Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, Neogloboquadrina incompta, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerinella siphonifera and Orbulina universa). By using the main physiological rates of foraminifers (nutrition, respiration, symbiotic photosynthesis), this model estimates their growth as a function of temperature, light availability, and food concentration. Model parameters are directly derived or calibrated from experimental observations and only the influence of food concentration (estimated via chl-a concentration) was calibrated against field observations. Growth rates estimated from the model show positive correlation with observed abundance from plankton net data suggesting close coupling between individual and assemblage growth rates. This observation was used to directly estimate potential abundance from the model-derived growth. Using satellite data, the model simulate the dominant foraminifer with a 70.5% efficiency when compared to a data set of 576 field observations worldwide. Using outputs of a biogeochemical model of the global ocean (PISCES) instead of satellite images as forcing variables gives also good results, but with lower efficiency (58.9%). The model also correctly reproduces the relative worldwide abundance and the diversity of the eight species when compared to core tops observations both using satellite and PISCES data. This model allows prediction of the season and water depth at which each species has its highest growth potential. This offers promising perspectives for both an improved quantification of paleoceanographic reconstructions and for a better understanding of the foraminiferal role in the marine carbon cycle.
Water resource monitoring systems and the role of satellite observations
Authors: van Dijk A. I. J. M. , Renzullo L. J.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Spatial water resource monitoring systems (SWRMS) can provide valuable information in support of water management, but current operational systems are few and provide only a subset of the information required. Necessary innovations include the explicit description of water redistribution and water use from river and groundwater systems, achieving greater spatial detail (particularly in key features such as irrigated areas and wetlands), and improving accuracy as assessed against hydrometric observations, as well as assimilating those observations. The Australian water resources assessment (AWRA) system aims to achieve this by coupling landscape models with models describing surface water and groundwater dynamics and water use. A review of operational and research applications demonstrates that satellite observations can improve accuracy and spatial detail in hydrological model estimation. All operational systems use dynamic forcing, land cover classifications and a priori parameterisation of vegetation dynamics that are partially or wholly derived from remote sensing. Satellite observations are used to varying degrees in model evaluation and data assimilation. The utility of satellite observations through data assimilation can vary as a function of dominant hydrological processes. Opportunities for improvement are identified, including the development of more accurate and higher spatial and temporal resolution precipitation products, and the use of a greater range of remote sensing products in a priori model parameter estimation, model evaluation and data assimilation. Operational challenges include the continuity of research satellite missions and data services, and the need to find computationally-efficient data assimilation techniques. The successful use of observations critically depends on the availability of detailed information on observational error and understanding of the relationship between remotely-sensed and model variables, as affected by conceptual discrepancies and spatial and temporal scaling.