bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symbolical and Metaphorical Representation of People’s Movement and Quest for Peace in Dhakal’s “Mother and the Motherland”
Authors: Pokharel Badri Prasad
Published: October 2024

This article analyzes trauma in Narayan Dhakal’s “Mother and the Motherland” (Janani Janmabhumischha) by applying psychological aspects of trauma theory propagated by Cathy Caruth to study the symbolical references for the consequences of Second Movement (2006). But, it has tried to bring out the crucial facts of the Movement analyzing the symbolic and metaphoric aspects in the story. Trauma theory has been used to formalize the historical events which people after long span of time would have forgotten and the literary writing would be a testimony of this historical event. It has been used to focalize those events in the literary forms. The story as a piece of art has stood as a symbolical and metaphorical discourse to scrutinize the minor details that might have happened around two decades ago. Caruth’s classic form of trauma theory has been applied as a medium to pinpoint the painful experiences of a dutiful security person as well as to evaluate writing the past event as a testimony would resolve the issue or exasperate the situation further.
Impact and Functions of Questioning in English Classes
Authors: Kshetree Arun Kumar , Pokhrel Prem Raj
Published: October 2024

This study offers valuable insights into how English teachers in Nepali secondary schools are utilizing questioning techniques in the classroom, highlighting both the strengths and challenges of current practices. Adopting a qualitative research design for the study, eight secondary-level English teachers from four community schools in the Rupandehi district were selected as informants. The data were elicited through classroom observation and semi-structured interviews. First, classroom observation of eight teachers was carried out. Then, they were interviewed, and the data were processed. It was found that the teachers employed a range of questioning types, including higher-order, lower-order, and follow-up questions. These varied approaches aimed to foster interactive classroom environments and enhance students' communicative abilities. Critical thinking and brainstorming questions were also used, suggesting an effort to develop students' analytical skills. Most students responded positively to being questioned, indicating a preference for interactive engagement. However, a minority of students expressed fear of making mistakes, which could hinder their participation. Some teachers occasionally used an inappropriate tone, such as shouting or displaying anger, leading to irrelevant or unsuitable questions. This approach negatively impacted student motivation and participation. The findings highlight the importance of using a variety of questioning techniques to promote critical thinking and communication skills. Teachers should be mindful of their tone and approach when asking questions to avoid creating a fearful or uncomfortable classroom environment. There is a need for ongoing professional development to help teachers refine their questioning strategies, ensuring they are effectively fostering student engagement and critical thinking. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how questioning practices can be optimized in English language teaching to improve student learning outcomes in Nepali classrooms.
Analisis Algoritma Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) untuk Penilaian Kelayakan Kredit Kendaraan Bermotor
Authors: Rudianto Rudianto , Amrin Amrin , Irfiani Eni
Published: October 2024

Dalam bidang keuangan, terutama dalam pembiayaan kendaraan bermotor, penilaian kelayakan kredit sangat penting. Dalam situasi seperti ini, penggunaan algoritma klasifikasi menjadi metode yang relevan untuk meningkatkan ketepatan dan efektivitas proses penilaian kelayakan kredit. Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) adalah salah satu algoritma pengambilan keputusan yang paling efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana algoritma ID3 digunakan untuk menilai kelayakan kredit kendaraan bermotor. Metode ini menggunakan data tentang riwayat kredit dan fitur pelanggan untuk membangun model klasifikasi yang dapat menemukan elemen penting yang memengaruhi keputusan kredit. Proses iteratif ID3 memungkinkan pembentukan pohon keputusan yang menjelaskan bagaimana variabel-variabel yang terlibat berhubungan satu sama lain. Metodologi eksperimen menggunakan dataset kredit, yang terdiri dari banyak data pelanggan dan hasil kredit mereka sebelumnya. Eksperimen menilai kinerja algoritma ID3 menggunakan kriteria seperti akurasi dan presisi, Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ID3 dapat menemukan pola dan elemen yang mempengaruhi keputusan kredit kendaraan dengan tingkat akurasi yang memuaskan. Jurnal ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan algoritma ID3 dapat menjadi metode yang efektif untuk meningkatkan proses penilaian kelayakan kredit kendaraan bermotor. Hasil ini berdampak positif pada kemanjuran dan ketepatan keputusan kredit, karena memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang komponen yang memainkan peran penting dalam pengambilan keputusan kredit. Penelitian ini menciptakan dasar untuk pengembangan algoritma klasifikasi lebih lanjut yang digunakan dalam industri keuangan.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEADERSHIP LEARNING INTERVENTIONS IN A LOCAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPALITY IN MPUMALANGA PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA.
Authors: Isabirye Anthony , Moloi Khadija , Mkhabela Zondi
Published: October 2024

This study explores the effectiveness of leadership learning interventions in a local government municipality in Mpumalanga province, South Africa, through the lenses of the selected participants.  Guided by the adapted staff development framework as developed by Isabirye (2015), the researchers employed a qualitative approach; conducting in-depth interviews with a sample of seven municipal managers who participated in leadership learning interventions. Although the findings reveal the benefits derived from these interventions, the current study high lights the shortcomings of the interventions as revealed by the informants.  For example, lack of tailored programmes and materials for financial management as well as insufficient time for learning. From the analysed data, the researchers suggest strategies and techniques that could enhance the effectiveness of leadership learning interventions in a local government setting. The strategies and techniques included among others, the importance of tailored approaches, continuous evaluation, the need for municipal support, and ample time to ensure the desired outcomes. These findings contribute to the existing literature on leadership development and provide practical recommendations for local government municipalities seeking to improve leadership effectiveness and organisational performance, through learning interventions.
The Influence of Character Strengths and Person-Organisation Fit on Prosocial Behaviour at Work
Authors: Babalola Sunday Samson , Nwanzu Chiyem Lucky
Published: October 2024

Among several outcomes of establishing positive psychology is the character strengths construct, and the emerging literature offers much support for its usefulness in the workplace. This study explored the effect of character strengths (CS) and person-organisation fit (POF) on prosocial behaviour at work (PSBW) and whether POF moderates the relationship between CS and PSBW. The study was cross-sectional and quantitative, using self-report measures. Data were collected from 246 employees in public and private organisations. The participants comprised 51.2% men, 63.4% married, with an average age of 34.95 (SD = 10.10). The regression analysis adopted for hypothesis testing showed that CS and POF are significant predictors of PSBW and that the interaction of CS and POF does not occur in PSBW. It was concluded that while CS and POF can improve PSWB, the character traits of CS do not need a match between the person and the organisation to impact PSBW positively. Therefore, HRM practitioners should promote CS and POF to improve PSBW, which has much potential for effective organisational functioning.
Perfil dermatoglífico y cualidades físicas de estudiantes en programa de iniciación musical
Authors: Carrasco Lavado Francisca , Pérez Serey Jazmín
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Se ha identificado la relación entre cualidades físicas y los patrones dermatoglífico), total de líneas y total de deltas. La interpretación musical es una actividad física que requiere cualidades físicas para tocar un instrumento. Es por esto que el objetivo de este estudio es identificar el perfil dermatoglífico asociado a las cualidades físicas de estudiantes del programa de iniciación musical. Metodología: El diseño es no experimental, descriptivo-comparativo transversal. Participaron 27 estudiantes de 4 a 8 años. Se identificaron el predominio dermatoglífico, SQTL y D10. Resultados: El dermatoglífico encontrado en los estudiantes que continuaron con un instrumento musical fue ALW, en los estudiantes que no siguieron corresponde a L>W.  El SQTL es menor en los estudiantes que continuaron estudiando música. El D10 de ambos grupos está entre 10 y 15. Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos difieren con los de Adekoya et al (2013), quienes relacionan arco con inteligencia musical y coinciden con Yohannes et al (2015) quien relaciona la habilidad musical con verticilos en la mano izquierda. Conclusiones: el dermatoglifo predominante en los estudiantes que continuaron estudiando instrumento se relaciona con la coordinación y fuerza.
Comparison of the Position of the Maximum Humidification Zone when Using the Methods of Stationary and Non-Stationary Heat and Humidity Regime
Authors: Zubarev K. P.
Published: October 2024

The basic formulas for mathematical modeling of the heat and moisture regime of building envelopes in stationary and non-stationary settings are given. It is noted that the mathematical model uses third kind boundary conditions. Objective of the study: to check whether the moisture maximum plane position in the thickness of building envelopes is confirmed assessing non-stationary moisture conditions. Two methods for verification are used: the graphical method for determining the plane of maximum moisture and the method for assessing the non-stationary moisture regime, based on the Gagarin and Kozlov moisture potential. It was found that the maximum moisture is confirmed both for facade systems with mineral wool insulation and for facade systems with expanded polystyrene insulation. In the case of mineral wool, the maximum moisture is located outside the insulation layer. For expanded polystyrene insulation, the maximum moisture is determined inside the insulation layer. Thus, it was confirmed that the maximum moisture in the thickness of the enclosing structure, determined by the graphical method, is confirmed by mathematical modeling of a non-stationary heat and moisture regime.
Monitoring of Architectural Monuments
Authors: Shashkin V. A.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the main provisions that it is advisable to follow when organizing and conducting monitoring during the operation of cultural heritage sites. It is noted that the existing regulatory documents do not take into account the specifics of monitoring during operation, but are mainly aimed at protecting the monument from neighboring construction.Criteria are proposed to control the technical condition of historical buildings. Among them is the rate of development of long-term precipitation, which is considered as an indicator of the intensity of natural and man-made impacts on the building.Among them is the rate of development of long-term precipitation, which is considered as an indicator of the intensity of natural and man-made impacts on the building. It is noted that for stone structures, critical masonry stretching deformations serve as an effective criterion for the preservation of historical buildings, since in calculating the interaction of structures and foundations they are the primary criterion for calculating the second group of limiting states. In relation to it, the criterion of absolute precipitation and relative difference of precipitation is secondary. It is shown that over time, for buildings built on weak water-saturated clay soils, an increase in the unevenness of precipitation occurs. Special attention is paid to taking into account the accumulated uneven precipitation of buildings of historical development. The article presents the most characteristic types of deformations of buildings, among which in St. Petersburg the bend is most common, which is due to the regularity of building and rebuilding sections of urban neighborhoods.Monitoring is also considered as a reliable means of diagnosing the technical condition of the monument. The monitoring function is considered as a means of controlling the limitations of the monument’s operability, which continues to be operated in conditions of limited operational technical condition.
Optical microscopy of ceramic materials based on fly ash from thermal power plants
Authors: Isterin E. V. , Stolboushkin A. Yu.
Published: October 2024

The data on the annual release of ash and slag waste as a result of the operation of thermal power plants (TPP) in Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation are presented. The main reasons for the insignificant use of ash in the construction industry (about 5-8% of the total waste output) and the problems hindering its use for the production of ceramic wall materials are considered. A brief description of the composition and properties of the raw materials used in this work for the manufacture of ceramic wall materials is given. The compositions of the developed fly ash-based charges and the method of manufacturing ceramic samples with a matrix structure are given. The results of the study of the structure of ceramic materials by optical microscopy are presented. It is established that during the firing process, a matrix (dispersion medium) is formed from the fusible shell of aggregated complexes, and granules from fly ash are transformed into cores (dispersed phase) of a ceramic matrix composite. It was revealed that the kernels have an oval shape due to the deformation of the granules during pressing. Clusters are formed in the nuclei, consisting of a large number of small crystalline grains connected by an amorphous substance and edged with thin chains of pores. It is shown that the developed pore space inside the cores is mainly represented by frost-proof and reserve pores, which ensures high frost resistance of ceramic samples based on fly ash.
Fine-grained concrete with the addition of highly dispersed brick scrap powder
Authors: Drozdyuk T. A. , Ayzenshtadt A. M. , Pershin Z. A. , Danilov V. E.
Published: October 2024

The use of brick breakage in concretes and in binder compositions is a promising direction for the development of recycling ceramic bricks. The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the possibility of using mineral powders obtained from brick breakage as an effective dispersed component in the production of fine-grained concrete. In the work, mechanical grinding of ceramic raw material was carried out at different grinding times. It wasestablished that for brick-breakage powders, an increase in the grinding time does not lead to a proportional increase in the specific surface area of the powders.The maximum effective increase in the specific surface area of the obtained powders is fixed at a grinding duration of up to 5 minutes. Using differential thermal analysis, it is shown that crushed brick is not an active mineral additive, but can act as crystallization centers during the formation of hydrosilicates in the structure of composites. Samples of fine-grained concrete were produced, in which part of the cement was replaced with ceramic powders obtained at different grinding duration. It was determined that the replacement of cement in concrete mixtures with this highly dispersed additive in an amount of 20% (by weight), obtained at an optimal grinding time in a ball mill, does not lead to a change in the physico-chemical characteristics of the final concrete composite.
Ways to decarbonize the construction industry as a modern challenge for obtaining low-carbon building materials
Authors: Murtazaev S.-A. Yu. , Bekmurzaeva L. R. , Salamanova M. Sh. , Saidumov M. S. , Vitargova R. S.
Published: October 2024

The analysis of modern approaches and ideas for the production of new building composite materials with a low carbon footprint, including those obtained using recycled materials from man-made waste, is presented. It is concluded that the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the production of low-carbon concretes occurs as a result of replacing part of the cement with other types of binders or special fillers that ensure the preservation or improvement of the basic parameters of the structure of the building material, or due to technologies that reduce the clinker fraction of the binder while maintaining the specified properties of concrete. The leaders in the world practice in the field of low-carbon materials science are noted. The relevance of the development of the topic of environmental safety and sustainable development is indicated.
Editorial
Authors: Welch Penny , Wright Susan
Published: October 2024

This issue of Learning and Teaching: The International Journal of Higher Education in the Social Sciences features authors from the United Kingdom, Belgium, Argentina, Ecuador and Norway. They write about the creation of a transnational university alliance and its signature approach to education, the evolution of a faculty writing group, introducing students to computer modelling and simulation research methods, the value of reading ethnographies in preparation for fieldwork, teaching and learning criminological theory and organising paired discussions in class.
So, what's the coolest thing you learned from the models?
Authors: Poudel Amrit Bahadur
Published: October 2024

Research methods based on modelling and simulation (M&S) are gaining popularity among social scientists to study societal dynamics. Emphasising the importance of this research approach, the Department of Religion, Philosophy and History at the University of Agder initiated a methodology module to help students on the religious studies programme learn about M&S-based research methods. The methodology module entails seminars, tutoring, meet-the-expert sessions and writing a short essay about the opportunities, limitations and challenges of applying the research methods. This article discusses the impact of the meet-the-expert event, examining students’ interaction with the experts to understand how they utilised the opportunity to learn about the research methods from M&S-based professionals in their field.
Mix it up
Authors: Brownhill Simon
Published: October 2024

In recent years, ‘the field of higher education ha[s] become increasingly interested in assessing traditional instruction practices (e.g., lectures) and modifying them towards more student-centred and active instructional approaches’ (Kozanitis and Nenciovici 2023: 1377). Innovations in practice, such as talking pairs, are being embraced by instructors to advance their pedagogy and engage students more deeply in their learning. This report focuses its attention on the partners students talk to, the concern being that the quality of learning is affected if these are not changed regularly. To positively address this, a suite of creative strategies is helpfully ‘pooled together’ to help instructors get students into talking pairs, along with a recognition of associated practicalities. By mixing it up, instructors can effectively support the improved capabilities, attainment and learning of students in the university classroom.
Advanced tractography-guided laser ablation of a perirolandic long-term epilepsy–associated tumor: illustrative case
Authors: Yuan-Mou Yang Joseph , Cottier Rachel , Beare Richard , Genc Sila , Diadori Paola , Ngo Alexander , Sahlas Ella , Bernhardt Boris C , Arbour Gabrielle , Bouthillier Alain , Hadjinicolaou Aristides , Weil Alexander G
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Microsurgical resection of drug-resistant epilepsy–associated perirolandic lesions can lead to postoperative motor impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) has emerged as a less invasive alternative, offering reduced surgical risks and improved neurological outcomes. Electrophysiological tools routinely used for motor mapping in resective microsurgery are incompatible with intraoperative MRI. The utilization of advanced neuroimaging adjuncts for eloquent brain mapping during MRgLITT is imperative. The authors present the case of a 17-year-old athlete who underwent MRgLITT for a perirolandic long-term epilepsy–associated tumor (LEAT). They performed probabilistic multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution (MT-CSD) tractography to delineate the corticospinal tract (CST) for presurgical planning and intraoperative image guidance. The CST tractography was integrated into neuronavigation and MRgLITT workstation software to guide the ablation while monitoring the CST throughout the procedure.

OBSERVATIONS

The integration of CST tractography into neuronavigation workstation planning and laser ablation workstation thermoablation is feasible and practical, facilitating complete ablation of a deep-seated perirolandic LEAT while preserving motor function.

LESSONS

Probabilistic MT-CSD tractography enhanced MRgLITT planning as well as intraprocedural CST visualization and preservation, leading to a favorable functional outcome. The limitations of tractography and the predictability of thermal output distribution compared to the gold standard of microsurgical resection merit further discussion.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24139
Bridging the gap between neuroimaging and neurosurgery: a case of epidural arteriovenous fistula with an intradural presentation. Illustrative case
Authors: Bashti Malek , Brusko G. Damian , Daftari Manav , Jamshidi Aria M , Cardinal Tyler , Luther Evan , Starke Robert M , Urakov Timur
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Epidural arteriovenous fistulas (eAVFs) are rare vascular malformations often mistaken for their intradural counterparts due to similar angiographic features. Differentiation between epidural and intradural vascular lesions is crucial as it impacts surgical planning and prognosis. Despite advancements in diagnostic imaging, these entities can be misinterpreted and challenge management.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors report the case of a 68-year-old male suspected to have a type I dural arteriovenous fistula based on magnetic resonance angiography and angiographic evaluation. He presented with progressive myelopathy and multiple neurological symptoms exacerbated by recent trauma. A superselective angiogram of the right T10 segmental artery suggested an intradural arteriovenous fistula; however, intraoperatively, the lesion was epidural. The arterialized venous structures were obliterated, and the patient reported significant postoperative symptomatic improvement.

LESSONS

This case highlights the critical importance of comprehensive imaging and cautious interpretation in the diagnosis of spinal vascular malformations. It also underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Surgeons must be prepared for intraoperative findings that diverge from preoperative imaging to adapt surgical strategies accordingly. Furthermore, this case contributes to the evolving understanding of eAVFs, suggesting that revised imaging protocols may be required to better distinguish epidural from intradural vascular abnormalities.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24331
Recurrent symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in high-grade astrocytoma with piloid features: illustrative case
Authors: Niwa Hirotaka , Kato Takenori , Hasegawa Toshinori , Kuwabara Kyoko , Ohka Fumiharu , Hirato Junko , Sasaki Shoh , Ichimura Koichi , Yoshioka Takako , Naito Takehiro , Mizuno Akihiro , Kageyama Akinori , Oishi Hiroyuki , Saito Ryuta
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (HGAP) is a novel condition introduced in the 2021 World Health Organization classification. Given that it has been recently classified, reports clarifying its clinical features or diagnostic criteria are lacking, especially in cases of atypical presentation. Herein, the authors present a rare case of HGAP with repeated symptomatic hemorrhages.

OBSERVATIONS

A woman in her 20s presented with an acute headache and vertigo. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 2.5 × 2.8 × 2.3–cm hemorrhagic cerebellar mass with calcifications. After moderate improvement of her symptoms, she developed recurrent hemorrhage, and the tumor size increased (3.0 × 3.6 × 4.0 cm) 18 days later, necessitating resection. Pathological and molecular analyses confirmed the diagnosis of HGAP with an FGFR1-TACC1 fusion, MTAP/CDKN2A/B deletion, and SETD2 rearrangement. Radiologically, the presence of calcification and cystic components and the absence of perilesional edema were atypical features of previously reported HGAP.

LESSONS

Although recurrent symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages are rare in HGAP, enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging suggest the need for resection to obtain tissue for molecular diagnosis and guide adjuvant treatment strategies.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24395
Acute middle cerebral artery occlusion due to a small internal carotid aneurysm cavity with blood stagnation: illustrative case
Authors: Uezato Minami , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Kimura Genki , Osuki Takuya , Yokochi Yasunori , Kinosada Masanori , Kurosaki Yoshitaka , Chin and Masaki
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

In cerebral large vessel occlusion, even when an aneurysm is close to the target vessel, if the aneurysm is relatively small and angiography shows no thrombus within the aneurysm, it is difficult to identify the aneurysm as the embolic source.

OBSERVATIONS

A 67-year-old man with a history of two left-sided cerebral infarctions developed a small left-sided cerebral infarction. On hospital day 3, he developed a left M2 occlusion and underwent thrombectomy with retraction of a stent retriever into an aspiration catheter at the proximal end of the thrombus. A red thrombus was retrieved, and M2 recanalization was successfully achieved. Angiography revealed a large partially thrombotic aneurysm with a small cavity with blood stagnation in the left cervical internal carotid artery, which was considered the embolic source. Stent-assisted coil embolization was performed on the aneurysm, and no recurrent cerebral infarction was observed after embolization.

LESSONS

In cerebral large vessel occlusion, an aneurysm cavity with blood stagnation may be the embolic source. Using an aspiration catheter alone or retracting a stent retriever into an aspiration catheter could be a useful technique and help to avoid interference between the aneurysm and the stent retriever.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24406
Spontaneous regression of a petroclival meningioma: illustrative case
Authors: Noda Ryuichi , Kawashima Mariko , Akabane Atsuya , Inoue Tomohiro
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Spontaneous regression is relatively rare in meningiomas. Since meningiomas are known to have a relationship with sex-related hormones, spontaneous regression cases related to sex hormones have been reported.

OBSERVATIONS

A 66-year-old man with a petroclival meningioma was radiologically followed up for 13 years. The tumor initially measured 2.535 cm3 and 2.521 cm3 on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition MRI, respectively. However, the measurements decreased in the follow-up period to 0.977 cm3 and 0.98 cm3, respectively, demonstrating spontaneous regression of an asymptomatic meningioma located in a petroclival area. Continuous meticulous long-term follow-up revealed this phenomenon.

LESSONS

It is important to retain the option of conservative treatment for patients ineligible for surgery for reasons such as advanced age and coexisting diseases.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24416
Study of spectral structure signal by finite difference method
Authors: Klimov V. V.
Published: October 2024

A method for estimating the spectral parameters of a polyharmonic process by the method of central finite differences of even order is considered for the case when the series of numerical observations is quite large and the number of harmonic components in the process under study is a priori unknown.
СТАЛИЙ РОЗВИТОК ТОРГІВЛІ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: НІКОЛАЙЧУК Ольга , ЛАВРОНЕНКО Генадій
Published: October 2024

The article highlights the theoretical aspect of sustainable trade development. It is found that trade development through more rational and efficient use of resources, production growth, increased income and investment leads to economic growth and employment. It is found that the sustainability of domestic trade is reflected primarily in its impact on human development. It is determined that the sustainable development of Ukraine's trade is laid down in the provisions of trade agreements between Ukraine and other countries and unions of countries. The author analyzes the features of the WTO agreement on sustainable trade development. The article analyzes the provisions of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement in the area of trade policy development with regard to sustainable development. It is noted that trade is key to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It is found that the main direction of implementation of socio-economic management methods for sustainable trade development is performance management, which enhances the social orientation of management through the effect of activity and creates a system of motivation and incentives for labor. It has been found that trade is also important for social integration, which, along with the economy and the environment, is one of the three pillars of sustainable development. In Ukraine, environmental and sustainable development issues are poorly integrated into the process of formulating and implementing public policy, including trade policy. Therefore, environmental protection and sustainable development should be clearly enshrined in trade policy. The presence of environmental factors in a trade agreement cannot depend solely on the policies and approaches of the other party.
ОФІЦІЙНО-ДІЛОВИЙ ДИСКУРС І ОФІЦІЙНО-ДІЛОВИЙ ТЕКСТ: ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЯ ПОНЯТЬ В АСПЕКТІ КОМУНІКАТИВНОГО СИНТАКСИСУ
Authors: ВИНОГРАДОВА Юлія
Published: October 2024

In this work were established parameters of official-business discourse and official-business text, the functions of the addressee and the addressee, the relationship between them are defined. The general development of linguistics contributes to changes in modern business administration. That is why today one of the important linguistic problems is the research of the syntax of the official business style.
Text is an abstract formal construction of certain grammatical models, and official business discourse is various types of actualization of this construction within the limits of extralinguistic factors.
The main communicators of the official business text and official business discourse are the addressee and the addressee. Discourse is a situational communication using text due to the desire of the addressee to convey the necessary information to the addressee.
Official business text is a means of conveying business and professional information. The texts of the official business style of speech contain information about the facts and phenomena of social life in the evaluative, legal and professional plane.
The social direction of the official business text and discourse brings them closer together, assimilates them: the text of a business paper conveys and explains the real state of affairs in accordance with the specific moment of speech and can be interpreted as an official business discourse. Through official business discourse and official business text, business communication is carried out: transmission (oral or written) of official information by the addressee for the purpose of its perception, analysis, preservation and possibility of external use by the addressee.
The main features of official business discourse are shared with the features of official business text and official business style. These are brevity, compactness (conciseness) of the presentation of information, specificity, clarity, accuracy (unambiguity), clarity (accessibility), minimal use of linguistic means and standardization of the content of what is said, completeness of content and objectivity (impartiality).
The concepts of language business discourse and official business text have the following common features: social orientation, influence of non-linguistic factors, in particular innovations, in the spheres of political, scientific, technical and national human life (situational aspect).
The use of different types of speech in business papers: narration (autobiography, report), reflection (various types of business letters), description (resolution, order, act, etc.) - emphasizes the stylistic multifunctionality of official business discourse in general.
Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) Guidance for Railroads
Authors:   Mineta Transportation Institute, Edwards Frances , Goodrich Daniel
Published: October 2024

Climate change creates new challenges for all critical transportation infrastructure, especially for railroads with an open system that is continuously exposed to the elements. A Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA) is a necessary first step for an organization to understand the challenges and develop strategies for adaptation to them. In many cases, the railroad sector is uniquely positioned to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through mitigation steps. This guide will assist railroad risk managers and emergency managers to evaluate the risks and determine how best to respond to them through preparation, mitigation, or adaptation. The THIRA is the first step in understanding the scope of the climate change challenges faced by railroads.
How Well Are We Protecting Human Research Subjects?
Authors: Tsan Min Fu
Published: October 2024

Protecting human research subjects is an ethical mandate for all contemporary research involving human subjects. From 1974 to 1999, we had the institutional review board (IRB) system and the Common Rule, but realized that in addition to IRBs, investigators, institutions, sponsors of research, research participants, and the government, all share responsibilities in protecting human research subjects. Starting 2000, institutions established human research protection programs to ensure the rights and welfare of research participants and to meet human research ethical and regulatory requirements. Some institutions had their human research protection programs further accredited to ensure rigorous standards for quality and protection. In 2018, the Common Rule was extensively revised to modernize the regulations by enhancing protections and reducing burden for researchers. However, throughout these periods, we did not know how well we were protecting human research subjects, because we did not know how to measure human research subject protections. With the publication of human research subject protections performance metrics in 2023, it becomes possible for the first time to assess quantitatively how well we are protecting human research subjects. Research institutions can now monitor the effectiveness of their human research protection programs and identify areas of vulnerability for quality improvement. We should also be able to determine how well human research protection programs are doing in protecting human research subjects; determine whether external accreditation improves human research subject protections and whether the revised Common Rule in fact leads to enhanced protections; and identify prospectively which procedures or interventions can enhance human research subject protections.
User-Centered Design of Architectural Models Adapted to Monolithic Structure Technology
Authors: Dienta Mamadou , Belabid Abderrahim , Hassan Elminor , Jamaa Balil
Published: October 2024

Monolithic Structure Technology (MST) is a new construction process patented in Morocco, offering significant advantages in terms of durability, resilience, and energy efficiency. This technology enables the mass production of low-rise green buildings thanks to the design of a monolithic metal formwork with a high reuse rate for the bonding of the structure working mainly in compression. Unlike conventional approaches to construction, the architectural design and load-bearing structure are studied simultaneously from the formwork design phase, as the structure mobilizes its form to guarantee stability. The design of architectural models adapted to MST is therefore of paramount importance if we are to exploit the full potential of this innovative technology. In this context, we developed the most suitable designs for MST based on a user-centered approach by directly involving the presumed future operators through a structured questionnaire to identify their preferences.115 respondents were interviewed, and the results were analyzed and used to design 10 different models. We then complemented the design process with a neuro-architectural approach to optimize design factors (facades, levels and rooms, shape and openings, roof type, interior layout, green spaces, and materials). The 10 designed models were then used for a closed card sorting study, followed by another semi-structured interview. User preferences were synthesized and the optimum design for the Moroccan countryside was selected.
Limitations of the Method of Integration in Astro- and Fundamental Physics
Authors: Cao Yang
Published: October 2024

I take a reflection of the mathematical method of integration applied in physics and astrophysics in the research. I examine the theoretical premise of integration entailed in its applications in the fields, and with qualitative comparative analysis, regard the inconsistency of the mathematical method in physical and astrophysical theories. I seek to uncover the formal science’s affinity to the natural sciences in the research, and assert that number theory and set theory are better substitutes in modern physics and astrophysics. With a relativistic (astro-) physics perspective, I discuss and compare the representations of causality, capacities for deviations, and error tolerance with the methodological approach. I discuss the implications with the example of the Cosmic Microwave Background, and conclude with the teleology of the (astro-) physical sciences.
The Role of Metabolic Strategies in Determining Microbial Community Diversity along Temperature Gradients
Authors: Duan Quqiming , Clegg Tom , Smith Thomas , Bell Thomas , Pawar Samraat
Published: October 2024

By conservative estimates, microbes make up about 17% of the world’s biomass and are essential for most ecosystem functions. However, the mechanisms driving the variation in microbial species diversity in response to both natural and anthropogenic temperature gradients remain unclear. In this study, we integrate ecological metabolic theory with a community assembly model to predict that microbial community diversity generally follows a unimodal pattern with temperature. The position and magnitude of peak diversity are determined by interaction-driven species sorting acting on variations in the temperature dependence of carbon use efficiency (CUE) and generalist-specialist tradeoff. Specifically, trait sorting across temperatures favours communities with high mean and low variance in species-level CUEs. We provide empirical evidence supporting our qualitative predictions of the unimodal temperature-diversity pattern along the global geological temperature gradient, which peaks at about 10-15 _°_C. Our findings indicate that the response of diversity as well as CUE to temperature of microbial communities can be predicted from relatively feasible life-history trait measurements, paving the way for interlinking microbial community diversity and carbon cycling along spatial and temporal thermal gradients.
Structural Basis for Dimerization and Activation of UvrD-family Helicases
Authors: Chadda Ankita , Nguyen Binh , Lohman Timothy M. , Galburt Eric A.
Published: October 2024

UvrD-family helicases are superfamily 1A motor proteins that function during DNA replication, recombination, repair, and transcription. UvrD family monomers translocate along single stranded (ss) DNA but need to be activated by dimerization to unwind DNA in the absence of force or accessory factors. However, prior structural studies have only revealed monomeric complexes. Here, we report the first structures of a dimeric UvrD-family helicase, _Mycobacterium tuberculosis_ UvrD1, both free and bound to a DNA junction. In each structure, the dimer interface occurs between the 2B subdomains of each subunit. The apo UvrD1 dimer is observed in symmetric compact and extended forms indicating substantial flexibility. This symmetry is broken in the DNA-bound dimer complex with leading and trailing subunits adopting distinct conformations. Biochemical experiments reveal that the _E. coli_ UvrD dimer shares the same 2B-2B interface. In contrast to the dimeric structures, an inactive, auto-inhibited UvrD1 DNA-bound monomer structure reveals 2B subdomain-DNA contacts that are likely inhibitory. The major re-orientation of the 2B subdomains that occurs upon UvrD1 dimerization prevents these duplex DNA interactions, thus relieving the auto-inhibition. These structures reveal that the 2B subdomain serves a major regulatory role rather than participating directly in DNA unwinding.
The Evolution of the International Trade Policy
Authors: Augenthaler Zdeněk
Published: October 2024

In the first chapter of the report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development entitled Towards a New Trade Policy (Czech translation by the UN Information Center in Prague, 1964) there are these words: different conditions than those under which the first conference in Havana met sixteen years ago.
The first conference was clearly influenced by the experiences of the events that preceded the Great Depression in the thirties, the experiences of the system created in the nineteenth century. At that time, a significant development of world trade, accompanied by strongly developed multilateralism, acted as a powerful catalyst for spontaneous development in peripheral countries (i.e. in developing countries), which supplied industrial centers with raw materials and food.
Effectiveness of jumping rope combined with short foot exercise on the medial longitudinal arch in a patient with flat foot: A case report
Authors:   Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, Karnataka, India, P Chaithanya , Krishna Harish S ,   Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, Karnataka, India, Hussain Taznam Zakir ,   Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, Karnataka, India
Published: October 2024

A flat foot is a deformity that leads to the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch. Flat foot may be congenital or acquired, which can be treated with various exercises; short foot exercise is where the head of the first metatarsal is pulled towards the heel without flexion of the toes; jumping rope helps in eccentric and concentric muscle action of the foot. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of jumping rope and short foot exercises on the medial longitudinal arch of a 24-year-old female patient with a flat foot. The pre-treatment assessment was done using a navicular drop test, and treatment was given for 20 minutes daily for six weeks; following the intervention, jumping rope and short foot exercises effectively improved the medial longitudinal arch.
БІЗНЕС–АНАЛІТИКА ЯК СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ РЕСУРС ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО–АНАЛІТИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯМИ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ
Authors: Воронкова В.Г. , Бєлоусов В.В. , Колюх В.О.
Published: October 2024

Тема бізнес-аналітики як стратегічного ресурсу інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення управління підприємствами та організаціями в умовах цифрової трансформації має велике значення для ефективного управління з метою збору, аналізу та обробки інформації та прийняття рішень у різних сферах діяльності організації. На основі цього процесу необхідно ефективно використовувати аналітичні інструменти для досягнення даних, прогнозування та управління в умовах цифрової трансформації. Метою дослідження – концептуалізація бізнес-аналітики як стратегічного ресурсу інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення управління підприємствами та організаціями в умовах цифрової трансформації. Завдання дослідження: 1) проаналізувати бізнес-аналітику як драйвер інновацій інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення управлінських процесів основу інформаційн-аналітичного забезпечення; 2) визначити сучасні тренди великих даних (Big Data) як чинник удосконалення інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення; 3) дослідити еволюцію концепцій, теорій парадигм та моделей Big Data під впливом мережевих технологійю Дослідження цифрових можливостей для оптимізації інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення управління організацією в епоху мережевого суспільства включає описовий аналіз та діагностичний аналіз. Agile-методологія дозволяє адаптувати аналітику до мінливих умов ринку та потреб організації, здійснити аналітичну підтримку швидких змін у бізнес-середовищі. Інформаційно-аналітичне забезпечення можна аналізувати завдяки міждисциплінарному підходу, який є важливим для різних галузей знань та діяльності, де ключовим є обробка і правильне використання інформації для прийняття рішень. Бізнес-аналітика сприяє підвищенню ефективності операцій, аналіз даних допомагає визначити вузькі місця та підвищити ефективність логістичних операцій. Бізнес-аналітика допомагає виявляти нові ринкові ніші та можливості для розвитку бізнесу; дозволяє аналізувати стратегії конкурентів і розробляти ефективні конкурентні стратегії..
Imigração e a Luta por Implementação de Políticas Públicas à População Migrante no Contexto Brasileiro
Authors: Generoso Paes Vanessa
Published: October 2024

Este artigo analisa os discursos dos operadores/agentes de instituições do Estado brasileiro relacionados à política de imigração do Brasil. As instituições são compreendidas como conjuntos de práticas que engendram formas de produzir política em diferentes posicionamentos ideológicos dos sujeitos. Desse modo, é notório que a mobilidade humana é sinal de grandes transições na história dos países de migração. Nessa perspectiva, produzimos uma análise das dinâmicas sociais dos imigrantes no Brasil e os mecanismos jurídicos que operam a legislação. Tais dispositivos operam a imigração como questão de segurança nacional. À luz dos pressupostos da história oral temática e da pesquisa participante, foi possível compreender os posicionamentos dos sujeitos que vivem tais contextos, no caso, a população imigrante na cidade de São Paulo e na articulação com os aspectos das instituições do Estado que regem o aparato legal dentro de tal conjuntura.
Apontamentos Históricos, Literários e Pessoais
Authors: Porto Carla
Published: October 2024

Este texto é uma versão ampliada de minha participação, na noite de 19 de outubro de 2023, junto à “Jornada Unitau pela equidade e inclusão da diferença – ciência básica, socio diversidade e sustentabilidade social". Neste texto, pretendo retomar a proposta de pensar sobre a riqueza existente na diversidade de cores, corpos e existências, saberes, fazeres e afazeres, práticas, ressignificações, resistências e lutas sociais, mas também de sua importância. Apesar do título atípico e dos elementos empregados em sua elaboração (como história, dados estatísticos, literatura e apontamentos pessoais), objetiva-se ampliar o debate sobre políticas públicas para o combate à desigualdade, principalmente com relação à saúde de mulheres pretas brasileiras. Palavras-chave: Combate à Desigualdade, Saúde Pública, História Social, Literatura, Racismo.