bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programmed Death Ligand-1 and Tumor Mutation Burden Testing of Patients With Lung Cancer for Selection of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapies: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists, Association for Molecular Pathology, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Pulmonary Pathology Society, and LUNGevity Foundation
Authors: Sholl Lynette M. , Awad Mark , Basu Roy Upal , Beasley Mary Beth , Cartun Richard Walter , Hwang David M. , Kalemkerian Gregory , Lopez-Rios Fernando , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Paintal Ajit , Reid Kearin , Ritterhouse Lauren , Souter Lesley A. , Swanson Paul E. , Ventura Christina B. , Furtado Larissa V.
Published: April 2024

Context.—

Rapid advancements in the understanding and manipulation of tumor-immune interactions have led to the approval of immune therapies for patients with non–small cell lung cancer. Certain immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies require the use of companion diagnostics, but methodologic variability has led to uncertainty around test selection and implementation in practice.

Objective.—

To develop evidence-based guideline recommendations for the testing of immunotherapy/immunomodulatory biomarkers, including programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and tumor mutation burden (TMB), in patients with lung cancer.

Design.—

The College of American Pathologists convened a panel of experts in non–small cell lung cancer and biomarker testing to develop evidence-based recommendations in accordance with the standards for trustworthy clinical practice guidelines established by the National Academy of Medicine. A systematic literature review was conducted to address 8 key questions. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, recommendations were created from the available evidence, certainty of that evidence, and key judgments as defined in the GRADE Evidence to Decision framework.

Results.—

Six recommendation statements were developed.

Conclusions.—

This guideline summarizes the current understanding and hurdles associated with the use of PD-L1 expression and TMB testing for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy selection in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer and presents evidence-based recommendations for PD-L1 and TMB testing in the clinical setting.
Implementation of Digital Science and Literacy Teaching in Developing Science Literacy in Middle School Students in Indonesia
Authors: Mardiani Eri , Mokodenseho Sabil , Matiala Tiara Fathulmila , Limbalo Syifa Sumayyah Azzahrah , Mokodompit Nesa Yuliska
Published: April 2024

This research investigates the impact of science teaching methods and digital literacy on the development of science literacy among junior high school students in Indonesia. A quantitative analysis employing structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS) was conducted on a sample of 150 students. Descriptive statistics revealed moderate science literacy levels, preferences for hands-on experiments, and a high proficiency in digital literacy. SEM-PLS results demonstrated significant positive relationships between science teaching methods, digital literacy, and science literacy. The bootstrapping analysis confirmed these relationships, emphasizing the importance of both factors in shaping science literacy outcomes. The model exhibited a strong fit, and coefficients indicated substantial explanatory and predictive power for Developing Science Literacy. These findings contribute to the understanding of effective educational strategies for science literacy in the Indonesian context.
From measurement to material – Preparing hyperspectral signatures for classification
Authors: Walocha Jennifer , Richter Matthias
Published: April 2024

Due to the possibility of classifying unknown materials fast and accurately the industries interest in spectroscopy is growing. However, reliable classification is a matter of suitable preprocessing. Existing solutions found in the literature are often very specific a particular combination of materials. In this paper we present a method to preprocesses hyperspectral data in order to enables general classification of many materials. The system is divided into five modules: selection, transformation, reduction, decorrelation and classification. We demonstrate our method in a demonstrator system that is available as both web- and standalone application.
Quality of open air, single-shot LIBS spectra from waste particles
Authors: Xia Han , Bakker M.
Published: April 2024

This work investigates the ability of LIBS to produce quality spectra from small particles of concrete demolition waste with single-shot spectra in open air. The 2 − 8mm materials are rounded river gravel, green glass shards and plastic flakes. Considered are focal length, air, moisture, laser energy and laser angle of incidence. The research methodology is an experimental study using the observation depth and spectral abundance as quality indicators. The relation between ablation volume, breakdown threshold, signal strength and observation depth is captured in a simplified model to provide a better understanding of the dependence of the spectra on the laser incidence angle and material positioning in the laser beam. A 100mm lens provided a compromise between spectral abundance, level of air interference and achievable observation depth. The study indicates LIBS can yield good quality data, even in cases of up to 3mm surface roughness. Surface moisture did raise the percentage of bad spectra from an average 4% to 18%, but overall LIBS is still capable of providing quality data under challenging conditions.
Applicability of hyperspectral fluorescence imaging to mineral sorting
Authors: Bauer Sebastian , Mann Dominic , Puente Léon Fernando
Published: April 2024

Hyperspectral fluorescence images of mineral samples have been acquired. Their spatial and spectral structure is analyzed and the samples are classified. Mineral samples from the same deposit may show large spectral differences, while samples from different deposits can appear quite similar. These analyses are a good start into the research of using mineral fluorescence as sorting technique, but more effort has to be taken to come to satisfying classification results.
Visible and infrared reflectance spectroscopy for characterization of iron impurities in calcined kaolin clays
Authors: Guatame-Garcia Adriana , Buxton Mike
Published: April 2024

Visible (VIS) and ShortWavelength Infrared (SWIR) Reflectance Spectroscopy are used to determine the presence of iron impurities on calcined kaolin. For industrial applications, primary kaolin is calcined by roasting at temperatures of greater than 1100 °C. The presence of iron impurities in the primary kaolin affects the optical properties of the processed calcined clay. Spectral analysis in the VIS and SWIR ranges allows the analysis of iron phases in kaolin. In the kaolin calcination sequence, features in the VIS range change as a consequence of the variations in iron oxidation. Some of these variations are related to iron released in the breakdown of the kaolinite crystal lattice, which is identified by the changes in the SWIR features. The spectral characterization of the calcination of kaolin contributes to the understanding of these processes. Its application would enable more precise control of calcined kaolin properties and help to optimise the calcination process.
Protecting the food supply chain from farm to fork: Utilizing SERS and portable Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Sourdaine Maja , Guenther Derek , Harvey Cleo , Mattley Yvette , Guckian Adrian , Lischtschenko Oliver
Published: April 2024

Ensuring food safety in various steps along the entire food value chain is crucial to prevent undesired and harmful substances entering the food humans consume. Pesticides and antifungal agents used during growth, processing or along the logistic chain from the field to the consumer can be toxic causing a range of symptoms from stomach pain to the death of the consumer even at trace levels of concentrations. To prevent dangerous additives and contaminants entering the food chain governmental restrictions on a large number of hazardous components have been put into place and are tightly monitored. For a large number of tests complex and sophisticated equipment is required along with time consuming sample preparation steps, not permitting instantaneous sampling of the specimen at the point of measurement or in a timely manner. In order to become a commercially applicable technique, the complexity of the sample preparation and the analysis routine needs to be simplified without losing performance in terms of identification and quantification of the dangerous contaminants. Raman spectroscopy is a technology to allow for quick and rigid analysis of materials without a large amount of sample preparation. The use of surface enhancement of the Raman signal by means of gold or silver nanoparticles would allow for taking this measurement to the field with high accuracy for even small concentrations. The high cost and poor reproducibility of commercially available substrates has so far limited the successful application of SERS measurements along the food value chain. The use of an affordable handheld Raman instrument with mass-producible SERS substrates will be described in the frame of the contribution with respect to requirements imposed at various stages along the food value chain.
Hyperspectral imaging as process analysis technology for inline applications – Laboratory precision meets high sampling accuracy
Authors: Kerschhaggl Matthias
Published: April 2024

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) has found its way into modern production lines as yet another camera technology that combines the means of spectroscopy with computer vision. However, while its imaging capabilities with its increased amount of processed data are already subject to state of the art sorting machines used for product integrity checks and foreign body removal, the potential of doing real-time spectroscopy and quantitative chemical analysis of product streams has up to now not fully been harnessed for the production line. Respective industries still rely solely on highly precise but statistically limited, laboratory based, slow and invasive methods while HSI offers the data needed to perform real-time and statistically representative product sampling as add on. In this regard the potential of HSI as process analysis technology (PAT) will be outlined in this article presenting a first industrial field application based on the HELIOS near infrared hyperspectral imaging camera. Results from this up to now first commercialized application of this kind in the potato industry, i.e. an inline dry matter detection for potatoes, will be discussed.
International financial institutions and the development of Nigeria
Authors: Johnson Marvellous Otega , Sanubi Franklins A.
Published: April 2024

The study investigated the existing relationship between International Financial Institutions concerning the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, African Development Bank, and the development of Nigeria. The historical design was used to organize and analyze secondary data derived from books, articles, official journals of international financial institutions, government/official documents and internet sources related to the problem of the study. The study adopted the Modernization theory of development as its theoretical framework in explaining Nigeria's development from the perspective of her affiliation with the international financial institutions (Bretton Woods Institutions and African Development Bank)'s loan policies and initiatives and their implications for Nigeria's development. The findings revealed that the policies and initiatives of the Bretton Woods Institutions and African Development Bank influenced the Nigeria development project, which has resulted in the constant granting of loans to Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the Nigerian government should quickly look inward at other internally generated revenues from custom duties, sales of crude oil, sales of refined crude (Petro), maritime and other agricultural products' revenues and re-channel them towards Nigeria's development instead of wholly depending on loans and otherwise set up independent, as well as strong institutions to oversee and manage funds from foreign loans to avoid mismanagement and diversification that may lead Nigeria into more foreign debts thereby further retarding development in Nigeria.
As objetivações do Mercado na Educação Física do Novo Ensino Médio
Authors: Ramos Fabricio , Frizzo Giovanni
Published: April 2024

Neste trabalho, procuramos investigar os impactos da mais recente Reforma Curricular na educação brasileira, promovidos pela Lei 13.415/17 e pela nova Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), para o componente curricular Educação Física. Para tanto, analisamos os documentos oficiais (leis, decretos e Medidas Provisórias), bem como a literatura já produzida sobre a matéria, disponibilizadas em artigos, revistas e livros. Observamos que as diversas reformas educacionais promovidas pelos órgãos oficiais são resultado de pressões externas, que procuram adaptar constantemente a educação pública às necessidades dos processos de reestruturação capitalista, representados, neste caso, pelas leis de mercado. Observamos também que   as mudanças impostas pela mais nova reforma educacional estão em perfeita sintonia com a reestruturação produtiva vigente, colocando um papel secundário para a Educação Física brasileira, pois essa perde o protagonismo na formação objetivada pelo capital. Entendemos também que, nas mediações para legitimação do capital, a Educação assume um papel central nesse processo, sendo necessário o estabelecimento de novos objetivos e de novas finalidades para os processos de formação humana.
Two-tiered serology in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis
Authors: Roganović Tatjana , Korać Miloš , Bosančić Borut , Mrdjen Višnja , Božić Ljiljana , Bojanić Andjela
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Lyme borreliosis is a multisystem infectious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. It is transmitted by Ixodes ticks. Apart from erythema migrans, other manifestations require laboratory confirmation. The aim of our study was to analyze the results of Two-Tiered Testing in patients with possible Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB).

 Method. We conducted a prospective diagnostic study at the University Clinical Centre of Republic of Srpska from October 2017 to October 2021. The study included 51 patients exam ined and treated under suspicion of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). We used Two-Tiered Testing through ELISA anti-Borrelia IgM/IgG and confirmatory Immunoblot anti-Borrelia test IgM/ IgG.

 Results. ELISA anti-Borrelia IgM in serum was positive in 25.5% patients and IgG in 76.47%, while in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgM was positive in 13.7% patients and IgG in 39.2%. Immuno blot test of anti-Borrelia IgM in serum was at the borderline in 7.84% patients, positive in 6.17% and no data for 35.29%, while IgG was positive in 54.9% of patients and no data for 37.25%. A strong correlation between results of ELISA anti-Borrelia IgM in serum and CSF was observed (ρ=0.802, p<0.001) and also between ELISA anti-Borrelia IgG and Immunoblot IgG in serum (ρ=0.787, p<0.001).

Conclusion. Two-Tiered Testing is very important in patients with possible LNB. False positive and false negative results are possible and test should be interpreted with caution and in correlation with the clinical manifestation and other avail able tests. More work needs to be done to develop new reli able diagnostic test for LNB, such as detection of CXCL13 in CSF, titrate the interleukin-6 (IL-6) in addition to the CXCL13 chemokine.
Analysis of Environmental Risk Factors on Malaria Incidence in Fakfak Regency, West Papua
Authors: Untari Nani Sri , Rahardjo Mursid , Martini Martini
Published: April 2024

Malaria is still a significant problem in Indonesia due to its contagious nature, as it causes death, especially in children under the age of five. Based on 2019 data, there have been 409,000 deaths from malaria out of 229 million recorded malaria cases worldwide. WHO launched that in Indonesia there were 1,412 deaths from malaria from 811,636 new cases of malaria in 2021 in Indonesia. 89% of malaria cases in Indonesia occur in Papua Province. Fakfak Regency in 2023 will experience an increase in cases to 180 cases with API 2.2 per 1,000 population and still 50 Indigenous cases. This study aims to analyze the environmental factors that are most at risk for malaria incidence in Fakfak Regency, West Papua. Method: The study is observational with a Case-control research design. The 100 respondents used a total sampling consisting of 50 positive malaria cases with indigenous classification and 50 controls. Results: The most potential environmental risk factors for malaria incidence were the presence of breeding places with p-values of 0.000 and OR 13,903 (95%CI: 3,374-57,287), and night exit habits (p-value 0.045; OR 1,678). One important step is to break the chain of transmission by controlling environmental factors, namely the eradication of vector breeding sites, larvicide in puddles, cleaning of anopheles vector rest areas, the use of mosquito nets, Insect Residual Spraying (IRS), and other activities that can encourage the breaking of the chain of malaria transmission, which is carried out in an integrated manner by the community.
The role of breastfeeding in preserving the health of mother and child
Authors: Stefanović Ljiljana
Published: April 2024

Breastfeeding is the cornerstone for normal growth and development, proper nutrition of children, but also for the health of mothers. Many studies have shown that women who breastfed their children are less likely to suffer from breast and ovarian cancer, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Also, breastfeeding has a protective effect on the development of postpartum depression in the mother, leads to a faster loss of excess body weight after childbirth, and enables a faster recovery uterus to its original size, reduces the possibility of postpartum bleeding. Breastfed children are more intelligent, develop the autistic spectrum less often, have less tendency to obesity and exhibit allergies, better developed immunity. At the moment of the Covid-19 pandemic, the focus of the health systems of all countries was placed on prevention and the fight against the new infectious disease caused by the SARS CoV 2 virus, while family care was neglected. The World Health Organization recommends an exclusive natural diet in the first 6 months of life. After this age, breastfeeding in combination with an adequate non-dairy diet is recommended until the second year of life, and later. According to data from the World Health Organization, in the period from 2015 to 2021, 48% of children up to the age of 6 months were on a natural diet, which is 10% more than in the previous decade and close to the set goal of 50% for 2025. . The global goal for 2030 is to reach 70%. Statistical data on the proportion of breastfed children and monitoring of breastfeeding rates in the Republic of Serbia still cannot be obtained from routine health statistics, although they are much needed. Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MISC) are most often used to compare and monitor trends in breastfeeding rates, as well as to plan activities related to breastfeeding promotion. According to the latest MISC data, 90.4% of children in Serbia have started breastfeeding, but only 12.8% of children are exclusively breastfed until the 6th month of life.
Use of Animal-Assisted Interventions and Children's Field: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Torunoğlu Selenay , Aksoy Bahar , Yeniğün Seda Cansu
Published: April 2024

Aim
This study aimed to present a world panorama of published articles on animal-assisted interventions in children and to highlight the characteristics of studies on animal-assisted interventions in children.
Method
In this study, a bibliometric analysis of the studies was conducted to analyze the trends of publications in the fields of "Animal Assisted Interventions" and "Child". The articles analyzed in this study were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database with search keywords. Inclusion criteria included English-language articles in journals published in the Science Citation Index Expanded or Social Science Citation Index.
Results
It has been determined that the trends of research on "Animal Assisted Interventions" and "Child" increased between 2020-2023. It has been determined that 80% of the research on "Animal Assisted Interventions" consists of research articles. It was determined that the most cited article (n=213) in studies related to "Animal Assisted Interventions" and "Child" was "Animal Assisted Intervention for Autism Spectrum disorder A Systematic Literature Review" and was published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.
Conclusions
The results of this bibliometric analysis showed that there has been a growing interest in the topic of animal-assisted interventions in the children's field over the last 10 years. This study thought that the results of this study would contribute to the evaluation of the status of studies on animal-assisted intervention and guide future research in this field.
US Court Cases and Intangible Assets Valuations
Authors: Nadais A.
Published: April 2024

This article summarizes the evolution of the CSA Regulations since their inception until the present and describes how three court cases may have influenced their evolution in the past or may still influence these regulations for the future. It also presents some of the main challenges that may arise regarding future intangible assets’ valuation.
تصور مقترح لتطبيق الذكاء الاصطناعي في الجامعات اليمنية
Authors: جبران عامر سعد أحمد , المساجدي خالد صالح يحيى
Published: April 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى تقديم تصور مقترح لتطبيق الذكاء الاصطناعي في الجامعات اليمنية، وتم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، بأسلوب الدراسات الاستشرافية (أسلوب دلفاي) للتعرف على متطلبات تطبيق الذكاء الاصطناعي في الجامعات اليمنية من وجهة نظر الخبراء، وتكوّنت عينة الدراسة من الخبراء المختصين ذوي الخبرة الطويلة، والمعرفة الاختصاصية العميقة في الذكاء الاصطناعي ونظم المعلومات الذكية، وبرمجة الحاسوب، وتكنولوجيا المعلومات، وتقنية المعلومات IT، والإدارة والتخطيط، حيث تم اختيار عينة قصدية من الخبراء في الجامعات اليمنية الحكومية والأهلية، بلغت (13) خبيرًا، وتوصلت الدارسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: أن هناك توافق لآراء الخبراء حول تطبيق متطلبات أبعاد الذكاء الاصطناعي (بعد المتطلبات التشريعية والتنظيمية، بعد المتطلبات البشرية، بعد المتطلبات التقنية، بعد المتطلبات المالية، بعد المتطلبات الأخلاقية)، حيث كانت نسبة التوافق مرتفعة (96%)، وكانت نسبة التوافق لآراء الخبراء حول أبعاد متطلبات الذكاء الاصطناعي متفاوت، حيث حصل بعد "المتطلبات الأخلاقية" على توافق آراء الخبراء بنسبة (99%)، فيما حصل بعد "المتطلبات التقنية" على توافق آراء الخبراء بنسبة (97%)، بينما حصل بعد" المتطلبات البشرية" وبعد "المتطلبات المالية" على توافق آراء الخبراء بنسبة (96%)، وأخيرًا حصل بعد "المتطلبات التشريعية والتنظيمية" على توافق آراء الخبراء بنسبة (94%)، ولضمان تحقيق النتائج المرجوة من الدراسة الحالية توصي الدراسة بضرورة تبني وتطبيق التصور المقترح لتطبيق الذكاء الاصطناعي في الجامعات اليمنية.
Trauma de cuello
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Ángel Morales Emily , Angarita Vásquez Valentina ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Herrera Orrego Daniel ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: April 2024

Paciente masculino de 36 años quien ingresa al servicio de urgencias luego de una riña callejera, refiere haber sufrido una herida por arma cortopunzante en zona II del hemicuello izquierdo hace aproximadamente 30 minutos, con posterior sangrado y dolor intenso.
Abordaje del melanoma cutáneo y sus lesiones premalignas para el médico de atención primaria
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, Ospina Ospina Viviana , Pérez-Gutiérrez Ana María ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Zapata-Ospina Juan Pablo ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Castrillón Martínez Esteban ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Muriel Lopera Estefanía ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Mateo Cuervo Miguel ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: April 2024

Paciente femenina de 52 años, procedente de zona rural del municipio de Sonsón (Antioquia), sin escolaridad, agricultora. Sin otros antecedentes personales ni familiares conocidos.
Interfacial fixed charges and dipoles to boost carrier selectivity for crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Wang Yanhao , Li Dongdong
Published: April 2024

With the rapid evolution of passivating contact, the carrier transport layer in crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells has expanded beyond the doped silicon films to non-silicon films with lower parasitic absorption and manufacturing cost. However, using the emerging carrier transport layers in direct contact with c-Si suffers from the insufficient carrier selectivity, which limits the efficiency of the device. Thus, to make such new strategies practical, it becomes particularly important to enhance the passivation quality and thus minimize the recombination losses at c-Si surfaces. By introducing interfacial fixed charges (Qf) or dipoles on the c-Si surface, the local electric field can be tuned to affect the recombination and charge carrier transport dynamics. This perspective highlights the significance of interfacial Qf and dipoles for carrier selectivity, and points out the challenges in a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism and precisely controlling the carrier behavior as well as the solar cell stability.
Papel del profesorado en procesos de adaptabilidad a modelos educativos virtuales
Authors:   Tecnológico Nacional de México. Instituto Tecnológico de León, Albarrán-Granados María Noemí , Tarango Javier ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Méndez Salcido Eva
Published: April 2024

La pandemia iniciada en marzo de 2020, provocada por el COVID-19, influyó de forma radical en el cambio de patrones conductuales de la sociedad en general, donde el ámbito educativo no fue la excepción. En el caso de la educación media superior, resultó igualmente necesaria la transición del modelo escolarizado al modelo virtual, situación que se analiza en esta propuesta teórica, cuyo objetivo plantea identificar y describir las principales condiciones de adaptabilidad conductual y de aprendizaje de los docentes ante el cambio de modelo pedagógico, que transitó del modelo presencial al modelo virtual de forma abrupta e inesperada. Los aspectos estudiados son: (1) la innovación pedagógica ante necesidades de adaptabilidad; (2) la complejidad en el cambio no planeado; y (3) el papel del profesorado ante los procesos de transición de modelos instruccionales. Los resultados del análisis ofrecen variadas percepciones sobre distintos elementos que pueden servir de base para la toma de decisiones institucionales en relación con el ajuste que se deba seguir en la educación media superior a partir de la finalización de la pandemia y el regreso a las condiciones educativas previas a este acontecimiento.
Determinación de grados Brix en bebidas no alcohólicas de elaboración artesanal como factor de riesgo obesogénico
Authors:   Universidad de Navojoa, Solís Valladares Víctor Hugo , Ormeño Claudet Esther Josseane ,   Universidad Estatal de Sonora
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: determinar el contenido total de azúcar de caña en diversas bebidas no alcohólicas elaboradas artesanalmente, en respuesta a la creciente prevalencia de obesidad en México, sugiriendo su posible papel como factor de riesgo obesogénico asociado a la alimentación. Metodología: diseño no experimental, cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal de una población de 28 muestras de aguas frescas elaboradas artesanalmente a partir de concentrados industrializados. Las muestras, se obtuvieron de expendios públicos que incluyeron taquerías, refresquerías y paleterías, ubicadas en la zona centro de Navojoa, Sonora, México. La recolección de las muestras se realizó en el verano 2023. Se midieron los grados Brix para determinar la concentración de sacarosa. Las variedades de sabores responden a los comúnmente vendidos y fueron: piña colada (5 muestras), fresa (3 muestras), limón (10 muestras), jamaica (4 muestras), horchata (3 muestras) y cebada (3 muestras). Resultados: Los resultados revelaron un rango de concentración de sacarosa entre 72 g a 274 g por cada 1000 ml de bebida. Se obtuvo una media aritmética de 144.393 g/L y desviación estándar de 4.2641. Se realizó la prueba de normalidad para datos de Shapiro-Wilk con un valor de significancia de 0.120. Conclusión: Todas las muestras superaron la recomendación de consumo de sacarosa hecha por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, establecida en 50 g/día. Aunque los resultados se expresan en términos de un litro de bebida, es relevante señalar que, durante la temporada cálida, el consumo puede ser mayor a un litro. Dada la elevada concentración de sacarosa presente en las bebidas artesanales, el consumo de estos productos podría considerarse un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de obesidad y otras enfermedades asociadas.
Research on the Path of Cultivating Good Youth in Colleges and Universities in the New Era
Authors:   Yixin Publisher, Zhang Wenwen , Zhang Zeqi , Xing Guotong
Published: April 2024

Youth is the hope of a country and the future of a nation. Training good young people in the new era is of great significance, which is conducive to improving the quality of young people in colleges and universities, helping young people to take up the historical mission and promote national rejuvenation. Therefore, colleges and universities should take the training of the new era ideal, the new era of responsibility, the new era of hardship and the new era of strugglers as the goal and main content. But there are many problems in the process of training young people. Therefore, colleges and universities should form the cultivation mode of cooperative development, set up a well-structured cultivation mechanism and perfect network training system. The cultivation of good young people in colleges and universities in the new era helps to enhance the sense of historical mission and responsibility of Chinese youth, and plays a significant and far-reaching significance for the future development of the Party and the country and the construction of socialism.
Multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit zwischen Lehrkräften und Kindheitspädagog:innen an Schulen
Authors: Otto Stephan
Published: April 2024

Der Beitrag stellt die Befunde einer Interviewstudie mit Kindheitspädagog:innen (N=5) dar, die an Schulen im Ganztagsbereich arbeiten und zu ihren Erfahrungen in der Zusammenarbeit mit Lehrkräften befragt wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Potenziale einer multiprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Professionen zumeist noch nicht ausgeschöpft werden.
Impact of Forensic Marketing on Consumer Behavior: Evidence From Beauty Products\’ Purchase Decision
Authors: Alaburo Abdulsalam Tajudeen , Bolanle Tajudeen Rofiat , Seun Ogungbemi Samuel , Francis Enyi
Published: April 2024

Marketing firms navigate a dynamic environment characterized with volatility and complexity, where survival hinges upon adaptability and responsiveness to external forces. The pursuit of rapid growth, profit and competitive advantage in the cosmetics market often leads some companies to engage in unlawful and unethical practices, including copyright and trademark infringement and misleading marketing, which creates problems for honest consumers and the entire industry’s sustainability and leads to legal cases of fraud. This has led to the emergence of a specific type of marketing ‒ forensic marketing, characterised by a thorough check (often in a legal context) of all the facts and data accompanying marketing policy. This study examines how forensic marketing dimension influence the consumer behavior using the case study of 3 skincare products in Nigeria, including the impact of copyright violation on brand awareness, trademark infringement on consumer patronage, and the impact of misleading advertising on consumer loyalty. In solving this problem, the article analyses the provisions of the Theory of Buyer Behaviour, the Nicosia Model and the Psychoanalytic Model. The study is based on the results of an online survey of 384 Nigerian consumers of cosmetic skincare products (a five-point Likert scale was used for answers, Bill Golden technique was used to determine the sample size, Cronbach’s Alpha test was used to confirm reliability, and SmartPLS software was used for data processing). Descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and skewness) and inferential (structural equation modelling (SEM) by utilising the partial least squares (PLS) version) analyses were carried out. The modelling empirically confirms the validity of all three hypotheses: 1) respondents perceive copyright infringement as having a significant relationship with brand awareness, with the strongest impact on a product idea, moderate impact on brand name, and weak impact on promotion strategy; 2) trademark infringement practices have a significant impact on consumer patronage, with design having the strongest impact, signs and symbols having a moderate impact, and colour having a weak impact; 3) deceptive marketing practices have a significant impact on customer loyalty, with advertising having the most significant impact, product quality having a moderate impact, and labelling and packaging having a weak impact. The article emphasises the importance of regularly informing consumers about the quality and features of products, as well as encouraging whistleblowers through reward systems. By adopting ethical marketing practices, companies can build a reputation that will ultimately benefit society, strengthen their reputation, and influence consumer purchasing decisions.
The Role of Smart City in Achieving Sustainable Development: Google Trends Analysis and Exponential Time Series Smoothing Models
Authors: Hrytsenko Larysa , Krawczyk Dariusz , Derkach Liliia , Kolomiiets Svitlana
Published: April 2024

The concept of sustainable smart urban development is an important element of the modern discourse on the future development of cities, regions, and the world as a whole, a key component of a strategy aimed at introducing innovations, improving the life quality of citizens, ensuring inclusiveness and sustainability of local development. It integrates the concept of Smart City as the application of advanced innovative technologies to solve urban problems and the concept of Sustainable Development as a balancing of socio-economic and environmental interests to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. While discussing the problems and prospects introducing any social models or strategies, it is important to understand the level of public interest in this issue, the level of citizens’ awareness, the readiness to receive new information, and the readiness for change. The article is focused on the analysis of retrospective dynamics (from 01.01.2010 to 01.12.2023) and economic and mathematical modelling of forecast trends in changing public interest in the concepts of “Smart City” and “Sustainable Development” (identified using the Google Trends tool). The analysis was carried out for the world as a whole and for Ukraine specifically. The study identifies and describes the evolution of changes in public interest in these topics, identifies the time points of a sharp surge in interest, and conducts a comparative analysis in the content (trends for these two search queries) and spatial context (trends in Ukraine compared to global trends). The countries of the world and regions of Ukraine where user interest in the relevant topics dominates are ranked, and the countries of the world and regions of Ukraine where user interest in the relevant topics dominates are ranked, the TOP-10 are identified. The factors whose influence is relevant to the public interest dynamics are identified (consumer trends, media activity, dynamics of the introduction of relevant concepts, cultural, linguistic, and historical contexts, the general level of education, digital inclusion and consciousness of the population of different countries, etc.) Using the exponential smoothing method, models were built to predict the dynamics of time series – the number of queries from Ukrainian Internet users regarding the concepts of “Smart City” and “Sustainable Development”. Additive forecasting models, which differ in the trend component, are obtained.
The evolution and development of electronic payment in a bank. Case study: CPA-Bank
Authors: Benachour Amira , Tarhlissia Lamine
Published: April 2024

The research makes an attempt at analysing the state of affairs of the electronic payment in Algeria and propose perspectives for future development in that regard. To attain this objective, the bank of Crédit Populaire Algérie (CPA) in Algeria was taken as a case study. The primary reason of choosing this bank was by virtue of its leading market share in the local market and many electronic services and payment cards in use. The bank data from 2016 to 2022 was collected to perform an analysis of the growth rate of electronic payment services and to carry out a forecast of these services using exponential smoothing. Hypotheses tests demonstrate with validity that in the upcoming years, the number of electronic payment services will considerably increase. First, the use of electronic payment in Algeria has increased due to consumers’ changing preferences and due to the necessity of practical and safe payment solutions. Second, the bank used as a case study has invested in the development of electronic payment by proposing e-payment solutions to its consumers. Finally, the future of electronic payment will be marked by an increase in the number of electronic services. The findings of the research highlight consumers’ changing preferences towards electronic payment and consequently all banks should invest in designing and executing strategies of electronic payment services. It is recommended that scholars could use the findings of this research and perform a benchmark with other banks in Algeria or banks in other MENA countries. Moreover, the number of years could be further increased to determine if the growth of these services is to increase, decrease, or stay constant.
Public health improvement by reducing air pollution: A strategy for the transition to renewable energy
Authors: Badreddine Amina , Larbi Cherif Hadjira
Published: April 2024

An important outcome for improving public health from the transition to renewable energy sources (wind, solar, and hydropower) is a significant reduction in emissions of important air pollutants. They are particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) in contrast to fossil fuel resources. Experts estimate that the abandonment of fossil fuel combustion in the United States alone would avoid 53,000 deaths per year, which amounts to more than $600 billion in monetised health benefits. In Algeria, there is a significant discrepancy between the declared national goals for the transition to renewable energy sources and their actual implementation. The article purpose is to identify reasons for this discrepancy and to develop effective mechanisms for its gradual reduction. The article argues that the main reasons for these discrepancies are limited determination and lack of a coherent plan, as well as structural obstacles, such as significant financial support for fossil fuels, a strong group of interests of oil and gas companies, problems with financing, and the dominance of monopolies in renewable energy projects. The article proposes a course correction for Algeria to realise its enormous solar, wind, and other clean energy potential through targeted reforms that will attract sustainable investment. Algeria needs a well-planned and long-term approach to development and diversification that meets the goals of the global climate agenda. The article offers and explains the gradual removal of fuel subsidies, liberalisation of energy markets, expansion of training initiatives, and exploration of new financial mechanisms. In order to utilise renewable energy resources, it is crucial for Algeria to have unwavering political will to overcome resistance from traditional fossil fuel industries.
Empirical analysis in effective portfolio allocation through Markowitz and index models
Authors: Zhang Zhongquan(Bill) , Liu Zixin
Published: April 2024

This study uses the Markowitz and index portfolio optimization models to analyze ten stocks’ returns in the past 20 years. Under the Markowitz and index models, we identify suitable input, such as returns and standard deviation. To optimize the inputs of the two models, we identify three realistic additional constraints and export-related forms. We compare the two models under the same constraint and then draw conclusions based on the differences.
Main Influencing Factors of Interest Rates in China and Empirical Research
Authors: Gong Pengxiang
Published: April 2024

This study aims to investigate the influencing factors of interest rates in China, analyzing inflation, liquidity demand, and economic growth as representative variables. Initially, Grey Relational Analysis and Spearman Correlation Analysis were employed to verify the association between these variables and interest rates, revealing a significant impact of the social financing growth rate on interest rates. Furthermore, the Granger Causality Test was utilized to validate the influence of the social financing growth rate on interest rates and distinguish the impact of different economic phases on interest rates. The study also delves into the economic rationale behind interest rates through logical analysis, highlighting that the supply and demand of money are the true determinants of interest rates, with varying sensitivities across different sectors. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the necessity of considering the financing behaviors of various economic sectors comprehensively when formulating monetary policies and predicting interest rate trends.
Research on the Social Responsibility Report of Shuanghui Group
Authors: Liao Zhiying
Published: April 2024

Food is an important pillar industry for people’s livelihoods. The food quality and safety of food enterprises are of particular importance. There is a consensus in today’s society that good social responsibility performance can reflect a company’s comprehensive management ability and future long-term sustainable development level. Based on China’s attention to corporate social responsibility, this article selects Shuanghui Group as the research object, analyzes the changes in its social responsibility reports, points out the problems and causes of social responsibility reports, and proposes relevant improvement suggestions.
Calling for Awakening: Women’s life history presented by women’s public service advertisements
Authors: Liu Enmiao
Published: April 2024

With the development of the contemporary era, the theme of women’s awakening has attracted much attention, while the female public service advertisements, one of its approaches, have received less attention. Therefore, this study uses content analysis to analyze the female public service advertisements on Bilibili platform through the corresponding themes in different time periods. It is concluded that the theme of women’s life history and women’s awakening is reflected in the public service advertisement of helping women on Bilibili short video platform. It is hoped that it can promote the better development of female awakening and has reference value for relevant personnel.
Development of digital currencies under regulatory attitude in different countries
Authors: He Shuheng
Published: April 2024

This paper centers on the advancement of digital currencies in various nations. Since the inception of Bitcoin in 2009, private digital currencies have experienced exponential growth. Since then, countries have increasingly delved into the research and development of central bank digital currency (CBDC), with developing nations currently outpacing developed nations in CBDC progress. With respect to private digital currencies, particularly those symbolized by Bitcoin, countries have generally adopted more cautious regulatory stances and policies. Moving forward, CBDC may become the norm in digital currency. By establishing more equitable bilateral or multilateral payment cooperation systems, regional economies can facilitate the widespread use of CBDC and enhance payment efficiency.
Jury System and Democracy: A Reflection Based on Comparison Method
Authors: Chen Junye
Published: April 2024

The jury system is one of the most concerned litigation systems in the world. The jury that symbolizes democracy is declining in the common law system. Likewise, the Chinese law circle holds different viewpoints on China’s existing people’s assessor system. The judicial effectiveness of the Anglo-American jury was analyzed, and the relationship between the Anglo-American jury system and judicial democracy was examined in this paper. Moreover, an insight into the existence or abolishment of the people’s assessor system was offered based on its status quo. On this basis, some suggestions were given regarding realizing judicial democracy for China’s existing judicial system without impairing judicial specialization.
Potential Applications and Safety of Large Language Models in Healthcare
Authors: Chen Siyin
Published: April 2024

This study explores the potential applications and associated safety concerns of large language models in healthcare. It particularly highlights the multifaceted applications of large language models (e.g., ChatGPT, MedLM) in healthcare, including data analysis, diagnostics, information retrieval, usage of medical devices, and assistance in tasks. Concurrently, it underscores the risks present alongside these applications, especially concerning data privacy. The study emphasizes the necessity of data privacy protection throughout the entire cycle. By reviewing policies from various countries, it outlines the critical role of refined policies and a clear governmental stance in advancing the application of large language models in healthcare and ensuring their safety.
The Impact of Decoration on Student Learning
Authors: Cui Rui
Published: April 2024

This research examines past studies investigating the influence of textbooks and classroom decoration on student attention. Previous results suggest that simple, uncluttered designs can be beneficial. A gap in the literature is that these studies have investigated attention but not student learning. New research is proposed to examine the impact of textbook decoration on student learning, hypothesizing that uncluttered layouts will be beneficial. These findings could help inform educators when designing visuals for textbooks and other contexts.
The Forgotten People: The Impact of Land-Loss on Chinese Farmers’ Happiness
Authors: Shen Zhan
Published: April 2024

Since the 1980s, China’s development and urbanization have led to many farmers losing their land. Most of those land-lost farmers live in urban areas. This paper uses data from the 2018 China Family Panel Study to explore the factors that impact the happiness of land-lost farmers. After controlling for eight variables from three aspects - demographic variables, socioeconomic variables, and social helping variables - it is clear that the experience of land loss hurts farmers’ happiness. This is because the experience of land loss contributes to the loss of social status and psychological health issues caused by the imbalance of low fees paid for land expropriation. The government should consider slowing down the pace of urbanization since it brings less happiness for farmers on average.