bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN PASAL 9 PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PEMBINAAN, PENGAWASAN DAN PENINDAKAN KETERTIBAN UMUM DAN PENYAKIT MASYARAKAT (STUDI PRILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMBUANG SAMPAH DI PARIT 8 KELURAHAN SUNGAI SALAK)
Authors: Hukum Fakultas , Fikri KMS Novyar Satriawan
Published: March 2021

Penerapan adalah proses, cara, perbuatan menerapkan. Dapat disimpulkanbahwa penerapan adalah suatu perbuatan mempraktekkan teori, metode, dan hallain untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu dan untuk suatu kepentingan yang diinginkanoleh kelompok atau golongan yang telah terencana dan tersusun sebelumnya.Usaha untuk menerapkan membuang sampah tentunya perlu mendapat dukungankuat dari berbagai pihak, terutama masyarakat karena jika mereka diberikanpemahaman yang baik tentang kesadaran hukum dan memfasilitasi pembuangansampah maka mereka akan mentaati Perda tersebut. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana penerapan Pasal9 Peraturan Daerah Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pembinaan, Pengawasan dan Penindakan Ketertiban Umum dan Penyakit Masyarakat (Studi prilakumasyarakat dalam membuang sampah di Parit 8 Kelurahan Sungai Salak), (2) Apasaja faktor penghambat dan upaya penerapan Pasal 9 Peraturan Daerah Nomor 11Tahun 2016 Tentang Pembinaan, Pengawasan dan Penindakan Ketertiban Umumdan Penyakit Masyarakat (Studi prilaku masyarakat dalam membuang sampah diParit 8 Kelurahan Sungai Salak) Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum empiris sosiologis,sifat penelitian ini adalah deskriptif yaitu memberikan gambarkan yang jelastentang penerapan Pasal 9 Peraturan Daerah Nomor 11 tahun 2016 tentangpembinaan, pengawasan dan penindakan ketertiban umum dan penyakitmasyarakat (studi prilaku masyarakat dalam membuang sampah di parit 8Kelurahan Sungai Salak) Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) Penerapanmembuang sampah di Kelurahan Sungai Salak yaitu dimulai dari proses tahapperencanaan yaitu mengidentifikasi masalah mengenai membuang sampahkemudian mempersiapkan untuk membuat suatu keputusan dan kesepakatanantara pemerintah dan masyarakat, Tahap Implementasi pada tahap ini pemerintahbekerjasama dengan stakeholder untuk mengadakan sosialisasi tentang bentu-bentuk peraturan membuang sampah, (2) Faktor penghambat dan upaya masyarakat dalam membuang sampah di Kelurahan Sungai Salak yaitu bisadilihat dari faktor sarana atau pasilitas yang mendukung, faktor masyarakat danfaktor kebudayaan. Upaya selanjutnya pada tahap Pengawasan dan Pengendaliandalam pelaksanaan pengawasan pemeliharaan dan peningkatan disiplinmasyarakat perlu stakeholder yang melaporkan hasil kegiatan ke pemerintahmaupun masyarakat sesuai aturan atau mekanisme yang disepakati. Laporanlaporan rutin hendaknya disampaikan pada acara temu kader-kader lingkunganatau pada saat ada acara di tingkat RT maupun RW dan yang terahkir TahapEvaluasi Pemerintah melakukan evaluasi tahunan sesuai dengan laporan yangdisampaikan stakeholder.
Sejarah pendidikan Islam (Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan)
Authors: Makbul M
Published: March 2021

Pendidikan Islam merupakan pendidikan yang berkesadaran dan bertujuan, Allah telah menyusun landasan pendidikan yang jelas bagi seluruh manusia melalui syariat Islam. Konsep pendidikan dalam Islam adalah, Pertama Pendidikan merupakan kegiatan yang harus memiliki tujuan, sasaran dan target yang jelas. Kedua, Pendidik yang sejati dan mutlak adalah Allah SWT, Dialah Pencipta fitrah, Pemberi bakat, Pembuat berbagai sunnah perkembangan, peningkatan, dan interaksi fitrah sebagaimana Dia pun mensyariatkan aturan guna mewujudkan kesempurnaan, kemaslahatan dan kebahagiaan fitrah tersebut. Ketiga, pendidikan menuntut terwujudnya program berjenjang melalui peningkatan kegiatan pendidikan dan pengajaran selaras dengan perkembangan anak. Keempat, peran seorang pendidik harus sesuai dengan tujuan Allah SWT menciptakannya.Islam adalah agama yang memperhatikan bahkan menjunjung tinggi ilmu pengetahuan. Terdapat banyak ayat al Qur’an yang mem- posisikan ilmu dan ahli ilmu pada tempat yang mulia dan agung. Di samping itu juga terdapat banyak ayat yang memotivasi umat Islam untuk menuntut ilmu pengetahuan. Kedatangan Islam di bumi ini dengan diutusnya Nabi Muhammad SAW telah membuka mata manusia untuk beranjak dari kemunduran dan keterbelakangan kehidupannya menuju kepada peradaban yang ideal. Keberhasilan umat Islam meraih peradaban ideal tersebut tidak terlepas dari ajaran Islam kepada umatnya agar selalu menggunakan instrumen ilmu pengetahuan untuk mencapai kemajuan.
Elementary Proof of Existence of a Subordinate Smooth Partition of Unity on Smooth Manifolds
Authors: Chou Yu-Lin
Published: March 2021

We give in particular an elementary proof of the existence of a smooth partition of unity subordinate to any given open cover for smooth manifolds. As a side note, given are also two elementary proofs of the existence of a subordinate partition of unity for topological manifolds. These in particular fill a gap in the related literature.
TOKOH-TOKOH (MATEMATIKAWAN), ALIRAN, DAN PENGARUHNYA
Authors: Mytra Prima
Published: March 2021

Adapun beberapa tokoh-tokoh (Matematikawan) dunia yang juga merupakan ahli filsuf yang diuraikan dalam makalah ini antara lain : Thales (Yunani, 624-646 SM), Phytagoras (582-493 SM), Aristoteles (Yunani, 384-322 SM), Plato (Athena, 427-347 SM), Socrates (427-347 SM), Leonhard Euler (1707-1783 M), Rene Descartes (France, 1.596-1.650 M), dan Blaise Pascal (Prancis, 1.623-1.662 M).Thales merupakan filosof pertama yang mengilhami tentang asal usul alam dan menganut aliran fisafat Monisme. Dia membangun sebuah pandangan filosofi penciptaan alam yang terbuat dari air. Pemikiran tersebut dijadikan Aristoteles sebagai dasar pemikirannya selanjutnya. Phytagoras menganut paham aliran Relativisme. Bagi “Pythagoras” manusia itu adalah ukuran bagi segalanya, baik yang ada karena adanya. Bagi yang tidak ada karena tidaknya. Dikenal sebagai "Bapak Bilangan", dia memberikan sumbangan yang penting terhadap filsafat dan ajaran keagamaan pada akhir abad ke-6 SM. Aristoteles menganut paham aliran Realisme. Aristoteles memiliki pemikiran bahwa materi tidak mungkin tanpa bentuk karena ia ada (eksis) dan pemikiran Aristoteles sangat berpengaruh pada pemikiran Barat dan pemikiran keagamaan lain pada umumnya.Plato dan Socrates menganut paham aliran Idealisme. Pemikiran Plato memisahkan kenyataan yang terlihat dalam alam lahir dengan jiwa yang abstrak (idea). Sementara pemikiran filsafat Socrates ditujukan untuk menentang ajaran relatifisme sophis. Ia ingin menegakkan sains dengan agama. Sekalipun Socrates telah tiada ajarannya tersebar justru dengan cepat karena kematiannya itu. Orang mulai mempercayai adanya kebenaran umum.Rene Descartes dan Blaise Pascal menganut paham aliran Rasionalisme. Descartes memisahkan fenomena ke dalam eksistensi dan esensi sementara. Sementara karya-karya Pascal yang telah disatukan oleh para muridnya dalam buku Pensees de Pascal (Pemikiran Pascal) menjadi satu kekayaan tersendiri bagi dunia hingga kini yaitu pemikiran tentang hati (Le Coeur) dan pertaruhan (Le Pari).
Implementation Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in companies that are experiencing global economic problems
Authors: Sulistio Sabrina
Published: March 2021

pengaplikasian GCG (Good Corporate Governance) di perusahaan
HTRA3 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that HtrA serine peptidase 3, HTRA3, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that HTRA3 was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. HTRA3 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of HTRA3 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of HTRA3 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Combining weak acids and fasting could be a viable strategy against infections by Ebola-like viruses
Authors: Lin Yuhan , Liao Lipeng , David Chanyuk Lam , Fu Min , Liu Qiuyun
Published: March 2021

Ebola-like viruses could depend on chloride or HCl to deliver lethal assault on human cells, causing hemorrhaging, bleeding, diarrhea, etc. It may harbor stressful peptides which can be generated in vivo after infections. Fasting with boiled rice water or with orange juice for a few days can halt virion production. However, infection-triggered cell lysis can produce nutrients for viral proliferation. The adoption of highly diluted weak organic acids such as acetic acid or lactic acid for smearing skin or foot bathing can neutralize chloride or HCl after absorption, and raise cellular pH to minimize cell lysis. Integration of fasting/fruit juice intake and highly diluted weak acids might reduce mortality rates of Ebola-like virus infections. The intake of NaCl should be minimized as it can give rise to chloride or HCl in cell microenvironment. Many food ingredients such as vinegar and sauce contain salt. Clinical trials must be conducted before the regimen is available for use.
The effect of Good Corporate Governance to Corporate Performance in Indonesia
Authors: Sunarno Maria Claudia Cici Dewanti
Published: March 2021

The best alternative for companies in Indonesia to survive in the midst of global economic uncertainty is by transforming their business and human resources, given that changes in business concepts arehighly driven and patterned by advances in information technology that are exponentially increasing. The innovative steps of transformation, however, should refer to Good Corporate Governance, as an operationalfoundation and guarantee trust from stakeholders. The era of economic disruption requires companies in Indonesia to always generate new values in all aspects so that performance can increase and the companies areable to survive in the market by gaining positive profits. Human resources management is also very important, especially when there is employee engagement in facing threats originating from the external environment. This study is qualitative research with the interpretive paradigm, based on reality or the phenomenon that occurs. The findings were in the form of comprehensive analysis according to the primary andsecondary data that the researchers have successfully explored.
PENERAPAN PASAL 9 PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PEMBINAAN, PENGAWASAN DAN PENINDAKAN KETERTIBAN UMUM DAN PENYAKIT MASYARAKAT (STUDI PRILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMBUANG SAMPAH DI PARIT 8 KELURAHAN SUNGAI SALAK)
Authors: Hukum Fakultas
Published: March 2021

Penerapan adalah proses, cara, perbuatan menerapkan. Dapat disimpulkanbahwa penerapan adalah suatu perbuatan mempraktekkan teori, metode, dan hallain untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu dan untuk suatu kepentingan yang diinginkanoleh kelompok atau golongan yang telah terencana dan tersusun sebelumnya.Usaha untuk menerapkan membuang sampah tentunya perlu mendapat dukungankuat dari berbagai pihak, terutama masyarakat karena jika mereka diberikanpemahaman yang baik tentang kesadaran hukum dan memfasilitasi pembuangansampah maka mereka akan mentaati Perda tersebut. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana penerapan Pasal9 Peraturan Daerah Nomor 11 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pembinaan, Pengawasan dan Penindakan Ketertiban Umum dan Penyakit Masyarakat (Studi prilakumasyarakat dalam membuang sampah di Parit 8 Kelurahan Sungai Salak), (2) Apasaja faktor penghambat dan upaya penerapan Pasal 9 Peraturan Daerah Nomor 11Tahun 2016 Tentang Pembinaan, Pengawasan dan Penindakan Ketertiban Umumdan Penyakit Masyarakat (Studi prilaku masyarakat dalam membuang sampah diParit 8 Kelurahan Sungai Salak) Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum empiris sosiologis,sifat penelitian ini adalah deskriptif yaitu memberikan gambarkan yang jelastentang penerapan Pasal 9 Peraturan Daerah Nomor 11 tahun 2016 tentangpembinaan, pengawasan dan penindakan ketertiban umum dan penyakitmasyarakat (studi prilaku masyarakat dalam membuang sampah di parit 8Kelurahan Sungai Salak) Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) Penerapanmembuang sampah di Kelurahan Sungai Salak yaitu dimulai dari proses tahapperencanaan yaitu mengidentifikasi masalah mengenai membuang sampahkemudian mempersiapkan untuk membuat suatu keputusan dan kesepakatanantara pemerintah dan masyarakat, Tahap Implementasi pada tahap ini pemerintahbekerjasama dengan stakeholder untuk mengadakan sosialisasi tentang bentu-bentuk peraturan membuang sampah, (2) Faktor penghambat dan upaya masyarakat dalam membuang sampah di Kelurahan Sungai Salak yaitu bisadilihat dari faktor sarana atau pasilitas yang mendukung, faktor masyarakat danfaktor kebudayaan. Upaya selanjutnya pada tahap Pengawasan dan Pengendaliandalam pelaksanaan pengawasan pemeliharaan dan peningkatan disiplinmasyarakat perlu stakeholder yang melaporkan hasil kegiatan ke pemerintahmaupun masyarakat sesuai aturan atau mekanisme yang disepakati. Laporanlaporan rutin hendaknya disampaikan pada acara temu kader-kader lingkunganatau pada saat ada acara di tingkat RT maupun RW dan yang terahkir TahapEvaluasi Pemerintah melakukan evaluasi tahunan sesuai dengan laporan yangdisampaikan stakeholder.
Konsep dasar evaluasi Pendidikan
Authors: Razi Fakhru
Published: March 2021

Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengetahui hasil yang telah dicapai oleh pendidik dalam proses pembelajaran adalah melalui evaluasi. Evaluasi yang dilakukan oleh pendidik ini dapat berupa evaluasi hasil belajar dan evaluasi pembelajaran. Evaluasi pembelajaran adalah kegiatan pengendalian penjaminan dan penetapan mutu pembelajaran terhadap berbagai komponen pembelajaran pada setiap jalur dan jenjang pembelajaran sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Penilaian (assessment) adalah penerapan berbagai cara dan penggunaan beragam alat penilaian untuk memperoleh informasi tentang sejauh mana hasil belajar mahasiswa atau ketercapaian kompetensi (rangkaian kemampuan) mahasiswa. Pengukuran dalam bahasa inggris berarti measurement, yang dapat diartikan sebagai kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk mengukur sesuatu. Mengukur pada dasarnya adalah membandingkan sesuatu dengan atau atas dasar. Tes adalah seperangkat tugas yang harus dikerjakan atau sejumlah pertanyaan yang harus dijawab oleh peserta didik untuk mengukur tingkat pemahaman dan penguasaannya terhadap cakupan materi yang dipersyaratkan dan sesuai dengan tujuan pengajaran tertentu. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada dasarnya tes merupakan alat ukur yang sering digunakan dalam asesment pembelajaran disamping alat ukur yang lain.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS PENERAPAN UPAH TENAGA KONTRAK PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM)TIRTA INDRAGIRI BERDASARKAN KEPUTUSAN GUBERNUR RIAU Nomor: Kpts. 1058/XI/ 2016 tentang Upah Minimum Kabupaten/Kota Se Provinsi Riau Tahun 2017
Authors: Hukum Fakultas , Fikri KMS Novyar Satriawan
Published: March 2021

Konstruksi hukum dalam ketentuan Pasal 28D ayat (2) Undang-UndangDasar 1945 memberi suatu deskriptif bahwa “Setiap orang berhak untuk bekerja serta mendapat imbalan dan perlakuan yang adil dan layak dalam hubungankerja”, dalam Pasal 88 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor. 13 tahun 2003 tentangketenagakerjaan, bahwa “Setiap pekerja berhak memperoleh penghasilan yangmemenuhi penghidupan yang layak bagi kemanusiaan. Perumusan masalah dalam penulisan ini 1) Tinjauan yuridis kebijakan dinastenaga kerja kabupaten indragiri hilir dalam penerapan upah tenaga kontrakperusahaan daerah air minum tirta indragiri berdasarkan keputusanGubernur Riau Nomor: Kpts.1058/XI/2016 tentang upah minimumkabupaten/kota se provinsi riau tahun 2017. 2) Kendala dan Upaya KebijakanDinas Tenaga Kerja Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Dalam Penerapan Upah TenagaKontrak Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Tirta Indragiri berdasarkanKeputusan Gubernur Riau Nomor: Kpts.1058/XI/2016 tentang UpahMinimum Kabupaten/Kota Se Provinsi Riau Tahun 2017. Jenis penelitian penulisan skripsi ini adalah penelitian hukum empirissosiologis dengan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh langsung di lapanganmelalui masyarakat atau responden. sifatnya, penulisan ini bersifat deskriptif yaitumemberikan gambaran disertai penjelasan secara sistematik, faktual dan akurat,Analisis data adalah analisis kualitatif yaitu data yang diperoleh dari respondenbaik tertulis maupun lisan dipelajari sebagai sesuatu yang utuh dan berkualitas,kemudian disusun secara sistematis agar dapat kejelasan masalah yang akandibahas. Hasilnya diolah dan disajikan dengan cara membandingkan antara datalapangan dengan pendapat ahli atau dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yangdijadikan dasar yuridis dalam pokok masalah. Kemudian menarik kesimpulanpenulis menggunakan dengan cara deduktif yakni penarikan kesimpulan dari halyang bersifat umum menuju hal yang bersifat khusus. Dapat disimpulkan yaitu:1) Kebijakan upah minimum Kabupaten merupkankebijakan yang wajib ditaati oleh setiap perusahaan di Indonesia, termasuk semuaperusahaan di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Upah Minimum Kabupaten setiap daerahberbeda-beda tergantung sumber daya manusia, potensi dan kemajuan ekonomiserta daya saing suatu daerah dengan daerah lain. 2) kendala-kendalanya, kurangpengawasan yang di lakukan oleh Pemda mengenai penerapan UMK. Upaya,pelaksanaan pengawasan terhadap pemenuhan upah minimum akan menjamin hak pekerja, mendidik pengusaha dan para pekerja agar selalu menaati ketentuanperundang-undangan di bidang ketenagakerjaan sehingga kepastian hukum,keadilan dan kemanfaatan yang diinginkan dapat tercapai.
PEMBAGIAN WARISAN DI DESA SANGLAR KECAMATAN RETEH DITINJAU DARI INTRUKSI PRESIDEN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1991 TENTANG KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Hukum Fakultas
Published: March 2021

Pembagian harta warisan merupakan hal yang cukup menjadi perhatian, karena mulai terhitung sejak meninggalnya pewaris, maka hak dan kewajibannya demihukum akan beralih kepada para penerima waris. Permasalahannya adalah bilaantara para ahli waris tidak sepakat dengan bagian harta yang telah ditetapkan. Halini memerlukan proses yang cukup sulit apabila tidak di berikan hak-hak ahli wariskarena bisa terjadi perselisihan bahwa tentu putus silaturahim antara para ahliwaris. Hal ini terjadi pada masyarakat Desa Sanglar Kecamatan Reteh yang manapembagian harta warisan masyarakat ini hanya berdasarkan pada kesepakatanbersama. Adapun permasalahan yang ingin penulis teliti dalam penelitian ini adalahtentang bagaimana Pembagian Warisan Di Desa Sanglar Kecamatan Reteh DitinjauDari Intruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 TentangKompilasi Hukum Islam dan upaya hukum apa yang dapat dilakukan jika slah satupihak tidak sepakat dalam pembagian harta warisan berdasarkan kesepakatanbersama di kecamatan Reteh Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi ini adalah penelitian hukumempiris atau sosiogis dengan menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh langsungdari lapangan yaitu melalui masyarakat atau responden. Dengan menggunakan alatpengumpul data melalui wawancara, sifat penelitian adalah bersifat deskriftifdengan metode penarikan kesimpulan secara deduktif yaitu dari hal-hal yangumum ke hal-hal yang khusus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat penulis simpulkan bahwa PembagianWarisan Di Desa Sanglar Kecamatan Reteh Ditinjau Dari Intruksi PresidenRepublik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 1991 Tentang Kompilasi Hukum Islam dalamPraktek pembagiannya menggunakan sistem bagi rata dimana pembagian hartawarisan anak laki-laki sama dengan jumlah pembagian anak perempuan, walaupunhampir semua penduduk di Desa Sanglar Kecamatan Reteh beragama Islamkemudian pembagian warisan di Desa Sanglar Kecamatan Reteh ini juga dilakukansebelum pewaris meninggal dunia. Sedangkan upaya hukum apa yang dapatdilakukan jika salah satu pihak tidak sepakat dalam pembagian harta warisanberdasarkan kesepakatan bersama di kecamatan Reteh Kabupaten Indragiri Hiliryaitu melalui musyawarah supaya tidak terjadi perselisihan antara para ahli waris.
Meeting 24-hour movement behavior guidelines in young children: Improved quantity estimation and self-regulation
Authors: McGowan Amanda L. , Gerde Hope K. , Pfeiffer Karin A. , Pontifex Matthew B.
Published: March 2021

Research findings: The present study examined the associations among meeting 24-hour movement behavior recommendations set by the World Health Organization (2019) and young children’s self-regulation and quantity estimation skills in a sample of 123 children (n = 65 female; 4.9 ± 0.7 years) in mid-Michigan. Meeting screen time recommendations alone, meeting physical activity recommendations in combination with either sleep or screen time recommendations, meeting more recommendations overall, and being active more days weekly were associated with superior quantity estimation. Meeting more guidelines and accruing more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily related to better self-regulation. Improvements in self-regulation partially mediated the relation between physical activity and quantity estimation. Practice or policy: Our findings identify benefits for adopting specific physical activity guidelines for children (e.g., physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration) and integrating these into early learning standards so both families and schools can support children’s capacity to meet 24-hr movement guidelines and thus support cognitive health. An active lifestyle in early childhood may support young children’s self-regulation and early educational outcomes, with physical activity promotion efforts during early childhood serving as a viable means to address growing expulsion rates in preschool-aged children.
Dynamic cognitive flexibility
Authors: Imburgio Michael , Orr Joseph M
Published: March 2021

Cognitive flexibility, or the ability to flexibly switch between different task sets, is often operationalized using performance on voluntary task switching (VTS) paradigms. In VTS paradigms, performance is commonly measured by examining reaction time, accuracy, the effects of switching tasks on reaction time and accuracy, and the rate at which participants choose to switch tasks. Previous literature has frequently examined these measures in terms of overall task averages. Instead, the current work examines whether these measures change during task performance, as well as the degree to which individual differences in these changes might inform individual differences in external measures. A series of three experiments, two of which utilized publicly available datasets from previous publications, examined changes in these measures throughout the performance of different VTS paradigms administered by different labs. In the first two experiments, significant group-level declines in switch rates were present, consistent with increased effort avoidance and early fatigue effects. In the third experiment, no such decline was present at a group level; however, subject-level changes in switch rates were related to scores on BIS/BAS subscales, while subject average switch rates were not. The current work suggests that examining changes in switch rates throughout a task might provide valuable information not captured by average switch rates that future VTS studies might wish to explore. Future work should attempt to clarify the conditions in which group-level declines in switch rate can be produced as well as which cognitive mechanisms might underlie these declines.
Dance at home for people with Parkinson’s during COVID-19 and beyond: Participation, perceptions and prospects
Authors: Bek Judith , Groves Michelle , Leventhal David , Poliakoff Ellen
Published: March 2021

Emerging evidence shows that dance can provide both physical and non-physical benefits for people living with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The suspension of in-person dance classes during the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a transition to remote provision via live and recorded digital media. An online survey explored accessibility of and engagement with these home-based dance programs, as well as perceived benefits. The survey was co-developed by researchers and dance program providers, with input from people with PD and physiotherapists. Responses were collected from 276 individuals, including 178 current users of home-based programs, the majority of whom were participating at least once per week. Among respondents not currently using digital resources, lack of knowledge and motivation were the primary barriers. Most participants (94.9%) reported that home based practice provided some benefits, including physical (e.g., balance, posture) and non-physical (e.g., mood, confidence) improvements. Participants valued the convenience and flexibility of digital participation, but noted limitations including reductions in social interaction, support from instructors and peers, and routine. There was a strong preference (70.8%) for continuing with home-based practice alongside in-person classes in the future.The results indicate that at-home dance is accessible and usable for people with PD, and that some of the previously-reported benefits of dance may be replicated in this context. While COVID-19 expedited the development of digital programs, these will likely remain a key element of future provision for people with PD. The findings will inform the further development of resources and research into outcomes of home-based dance participation.
Pupillometry reveals cognitive demands of lexical competition during spoken word recognition in young and older adults
Authors: McLaughlin Drew Jordan , Zink Maggie , Gaunt Lauren , Spehar Brent , Van Engen Kristin J. , Sommers Mitchell S. , Peelle Jonathan E.
Published: March 2021

In most contemporary activation-competition frameworks for spoken word recognition, candidate words compete against phonological “neighbors” with similar acoustic properties (e.g., “cap” vs. “cat”). Thus, processing words with more competitors should come at a greater cognitive cost than processing words with fewer competitors, due to increased demands for selecting the correct item and inhibiting incorrect candidates. Importantly, these processes should operate even in the absence of differences in accuracy. In the present study, we tested this proposal by examining differences in processing costs associated with neighborhood density for highly intelligible items presented in the absence of noise. A second goal was to examine whether the cognitive demands associated with increased neighborhood density were greater for older adults compared with young adults. Using pupillometry as an index of cognitive processing load, we compared the cognitive demands associated with spoken word recognition for words from dense and sparse neighborhoods, presented in quiet, for young (n = 67) and older (n = 69) adult listeners. Growth curve analysis of the pupil data indicated that older adults showed a greater evoked pupil response for spoken words than do young adults, consistent with increased cognitive load during spoken word recognition. Words from dense neighborhoods were marginally more demanding to process than words from sparse neighborhoods. There was also an interaction between age and neighborhood density, indicating larger effects of density in young adult listeners. These results highlight the importance of assessing both cognitive demands and accuracy when investigating the mechanisms underlying spoken word recognition.
Sexist Jokes Don’t Appear to Increase Rape Proclivity Among Men High in Hostile Sexism: Evidence from Two Pre-Registered Direct Replications of Thomae & Viki (2013)
Authors: McLatchie Neil , Thomae Manuela
Published: March 2021

Thomae & Viki (2013) reported that increased exposure to sexist humor can increase rape proclivity among men who score high on measures of Hostile Sexism. Here we report two pre-registered direct replications (Total N = 530) of Study 2 from Thomae & Viki (2013) and assess replicability via (i) statistical significance, (ii) Bayes factors, (iii) a small-telescope approach, and (iv) a mini meta-analysis across the original and replication studies. The original results were not supported by any of the approaches. Combining both the original studies and replications yielded strong evidence in support of the null over the experimental hypothesis (Bayes factor = 0.04). The evidence provided by the current studies therefore suggests sexist jokes do not increase rape proclivity among males high in hostile sexism. We encourage researchers to continue to conduct pre-registered and open research to further understand the potential (lack of) impact of sexist humor in the future.
Borderline personality pathology, health behavior, and inflammation: Potential behavioral and biological mechanisms underlying childhood physical abuse and age-related disease
Authors: Diiorio Christina , Norton Sara , Boudreaux Michael J. , Chang Katharine Kristen , Michalski Lindsay , Cruitt Patrick , Winstone Jonathan , Oltmanns Thomas , Bogdan Ryan
Published: March 2021

The frequent comorbidity of psychiatric and physical health conditions may be partially attributable to early life stress-related changes in inflammatory signaling and behavior (e.g., borderline personality pathology, health behaviors) that reciprocally maintain and enhance their effects on overall health. Using data from older adults (N=1,630) who participated in the ongoing longitudinal St Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) study, we examined associations between childhood physical abuse, borderline personality pathology, inflammation markers (i.e., interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-reactive protein [CRP]), health behaviors, and physical health. Morning fasting serum IL-6 and CRP were assayed from a subset of participants (n=791). Borderline pathology factor scores were computed using interviews as well as self- and informant-reports across the course of the study. Physical health, health behaviors, and additional covariates (e.g., medication use) were also assessed. IL-6 was associated with higher BPD symptomatology, greater exposure to childhood physical abuse, worse physical health, and lower preventative health behaviors (all p values < 10-11). Similar findings for CRP emerged, though the association with childhood physical abuse was not robust to covariate inclusion. An integrated model suggests an indirect pathway between exposure to childhood physical abuse, greater BPD symptomology, reduced preventative health behaviors, elevated IL-6, and worse health outcomes (-0.07, p < .001).These findings suggest that physical abuse during childhood may be predictive of later poor physical health through behavioral (i.e., borderline pathology, reduced preventative health behaviors), and biological (i.e., inflammatory) pathways.
A qualitative exploration of attitudes towards physical activity, exercise and sport participation in people living with type one diabetes (T1D).
Authors: Blackburn Rebecca , Byron-Daniel James
Published: March 2021

Regular exercise has many benefits such as increasing energy levels, reducing depressive symptoms, improving sleep quality and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. For people living with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) there are additional benefits such as increased insulin sensitivity, improved glycaemic control and a reduced risk of diabetes complications. Little research has been published which investigates attitudes towards exercise and sport in those with T1D and who are already active. Seven interviews were undertaken with already active people living with T1D, aged 24-81 years. The aim of the interviews were to explore the attitudes and beliefs that influenced already active people living with T1D towards physical activity, exercise and sport participation. Thematic analysis identified four themes: Motivations, Influences, Deterrents and Normalising participation. Latent analysis of the themes suggests that the factors that influence the attitudes of already active people living with T1D towards physical activity and sport participation are focused around the influence of peers, parents and the media, as stated in the Tripartite Model, motivation and level of diabetes management knowledge
Connecting the genetics of wellbeing, brain structure and risk for psychopathology in children: Preregistration
Authors: Tamnes Christian K. , van der Meer Dennis , Dahl Andreas , Richard Genevieve , Mills Kathryn L. , Norbom Linn B. , Ferschmann Lia , Alnæs Dag , Agartz Ingrid , Andreassen Ole A. , Røysamb Espen , Dahl Ronald , Westlye Lars T.
Published: March 2021

This project contains a preregistration of secondary data analysis for a research project on the complex links between the genetics influence on the wellbeing spectrum, brain structure, and risk for psychopathology in children.
Who Thinks How? Social Patterns in Reliance on Automatic and Deliberate Cognition
Authors: Brett Gordon , Miles Andrew
Published: March 2021

Sociologists increasingly use insights from dual-process models to explain how people think and act. These discussions generally emphasize the influence of cultural knowledge mobilized through automatic cognition, or else show how the use of automatic and deliberate processes vary according to the task at hand or the context. Drawing on insights from sociological theory and suggestive research from social and cognitive psychology, we argue that socially structured experiences also shape general, individual-level preferences (or propensities) for automatic and deliberate thinking. Using a meta-analysis of 63 psychological studies (N=25,074) and a new multivariate analysis of nationally representative data, we test the hypothesis that the use automatic and deliberate cognitive processes is socially patterned. We find that education consistently predicts preferences for deliberate processing and that gender predicts preferences for both automatic and deliberate processing. We find that age is a significant but likely non-linear predictor of preferences for automatic and deliberate cognition, and weaker evidence for differences by income, marital status, and religion. These results underscore the need to consider group differences in cognitive processing in sociological explanations of culture, action, and inequality.
Political and Socioeconomic Influences on Social Distancing Behaviour in the United States
Authors: Keating Liam , Saxena Nayan , Cooper Emma , Tirico Jordan , Khain Daniel , Imahori Daphne
Published: March 2021

The Social Distancing Index (SDI) measures social distancing behaviour every day across all fifty American states. This study leverages SDI data to model social distancing behaviour with time-series COVID-19 data, as well as an array of political and economic variables. The central aim of this study is to examine three hypotheses: (i) COVID-19 outbreaks within a state will induce social distancing by fear of the virus, (ii) states with more low-income workers will engage in less social distancing due to the nature of essential work, and (iii) political beliefs will influence social distancing behaviour, through the public debate over social distancing policy and a partisan logic defining state stay-at-home orders. We use Vector Autoregressive (VAR) and Beta Regression models to determine the most influential variables in this study. VAR models for time-series relationships between cases and social distancing behaviour in California and Texas, and corresponding Granger-Cause Test results, are investigated through case studies. Significant Beta model variables influencing social distancing behaviour are closely examined through visual data analysis and qualitatively contextualized to describe relationships present in the data. Our results indicate statistically significant relationships between the severity of state outbreaks, age and income distribution, change in governor approval ratings, and social distancing behaviour. There are also clear relationships between the partisan make-up of a state and social distancing behaviour. The results found in this study contribute to growing evidence regarding the impact political polarization has on various aspects of American social life, while giving insight to behavioural dynamics that play a critical role in mitigating the spread of COVID-19.
الرقمنة المستقبلية ودعم تأمين راس المال الفكري دراسة حالة- في شركة التأمين الوطنية
Authors: يوسف عبد الرحمن الجبوري أ.م.د.فؤاد , عباس عبد الحسن م.م. ابتسام
Published: March 2021

Abstract This study is based on the idea that future electronic digitization has an important and clear role in enhancing the work of insurance companies in the field of securing intellectual capital in line with the new global variables to preserve the real wealth of the advancement of contemporary societies and organizations with high performance in harmony with the new direction for them. Where the organizations in general, the research organization (the National Insurance Company) and other companies of similar orientation suffer from the formation of a clear perceptual image in using this type of insurance to protect it from theft and loss and to ensure intellectual property rights. Where the researchers directed to build conclusions and recommendations through scientific methodologies through specialized samples in this field. We resort to personal interviews and examination form to study the case and arrive at the results through descriptive analysis. The two researchers reached the most important conclusion, which is the apparent negligence in applying international standards that guarantee this type of insurance (intellectual capital).
Economic Growth And Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis In Yemen
Authors: Alhannom Essa , Mushabab Ghaleb
Published: March 2021

Abstract This study investigates the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Yemen and the causal relationships between Carbon dioxide emissions, per capita income, energy consumption, trade openness, and industrial share to GDP. ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, Error Correction Model, and Toda-Yamamoto procedure to Granger causality techniques were employed on annual data covering the period from 1990 to 2010. long run relationship between CO2 emissions and its determinants with significant effects for per capita GDP and trade openness, whereas, energy consumption and trade openness appear to be important determinants of CO2 emissions in the short run. Besides, based on Narayan and Narayan (2010) approach, it is found that the EKC hypothesis does not hold in Yemen and therefore the effect of per capita income on CO2 emissions is monotonically increasing. Toda-Yamamoto causality test proved the existence of bidirectional causal relationships between economic growth and CO2 emissions, between energy consumption and economic growth, and between trade openness and energy consumption
التجربة التنموية في العراق بين حقائق الفشل ومقومات النجاح
Authors: حسين خلف علياء , فيصل يونس أ.م. د عبد الزهرة
Published: March 2021

Abstract The Iraqi development experience is an arena of conflict, in which the roles of self-motivations and external motives are exchanged to root the landmarks of underdevelopment or create elements of success, since according to the indicators of progress derived from global development experiences, the Iraqi economy was at a stagnant position, not approaching the standard image of progress by about a few meters away from it. The reason in all cases is external in general, and to reach an accurate understanding of the subjective and objective debate in thwarting the Iraqi development process, we decided to study it through two axes: The first axis: economic challenges. The second axis: civil challenges. We have concluded from our study to a fundamental conclusion that “indicators of authority as the essential engine of development work have remained far from“ rationality and effectiveness, ”thus Iraq occupied an advanced position in the list of the most fragile states that both caused and died at the same time
تقييم اداء الوحدة الاقتصادية باستخدام مؤشر القيمة الاقتصادية المضافة EVA
Authors: جمعة مطر زينب , حسين الحمداني م .د. بهاء
Published: March 2021

Abstract The research aims to study the economic value-added index (EVA) as an innovative way to measure the value of the economic unit and its performance based on its economic position and not according to accounting figures produced using Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) as each economic unit must be very careful in choosing its measurement tools because it will greatly affect the resources of the administration and every section of the economic unit, the economic unit must create value for the shareholders. Due to developments in the past decade in the world of economic units, managers and investors are looking for an economic framework that better reflects the value and profitability of the economic unit, so the accounting tools used to date are not sufficient and unlikely to face the challenge arising from capital markets and owners. A new economic dimension is required to be used as a value-based measurement framework, which can better reflect the opportunities and downsides. One of the measures based on a value in the economic context is Economic Value Added (EVA). To achieve this, the researcher relied on the deductive approach in writing the theoretical framework of the research based on that on foreign sources as well as letters, university releases, research, periodicals and articles related to the research topic, while the descriptive and analytical approach was relied upon in writing the applied side of the research based on a set of means, including financial data, cost data, and personal interviews with managers, technical engineers, and factory administrations, as well as the field experience for each of the General Administration of the General Company for Vegetable Oils and its factories (Al-Rasheed Factory, Al-Mamoun Factory, Al-Amin Factory, Al-Moatasem Factory) in the application of the economic value-added index (EVA). The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the use of the EVA index is one of the methods that can be used as well as the proper use of investment opportunities and the prevention of waste of resources, as economic units can be informed about their future performance by providing the necessary warnings so that they can take appropriate measures through these warnings: Investors can identify the optimal investment opportunities from unwanted opportunities and invest their resources in the appropriate opportunities and places. In light of these conclusions, a set of recommendations was reached, the most important of which is the suggestion to use the EVA index, as the cost of capital cannot be ignored in its calculation and evaluation, and to meet the expectations of shareholders in the country, the EVA account should be mandatory for financial reporting and disclosure, and to expand its use. In other major industries, it should be studied as well, as a source of reliable financial performance measurement.
Welfare as a Dominant Economic Growth: the Conceptual and Methodological Basis
Authors:   Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bil Mariana , Mulska Olha ,   Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Ukraine has achieved significant economic growth in recent decades, which is causally related to changes in the level of economic deprivation at the level of regions and communities. Welfare has no direct casual connection to economic growth, as it also considers aspects such as socioeconomic inequality, environmental degradation, and access to health and education services, and so on. Life satisfaction and other indicators of subjective well-being correlate with short-run income growth, but there is a moderate long-run relationship between well-being and financial determinants. Absolute income as a financial dominant has a central role in determining social welfare in the terms of economic growth. The purpose is to deepen the conceptual and methodological basis of the welfare’s study as a dominant economic growth. The novelty of the paper is based on the selection of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the gradient ‘welfare-economic growth’ through the prism of financial dominants (income, savings, level of investment capacity, etc.). It has been proved welfare is a comprehensive indicator that reflects the appropriate level of support of the population on the material, financial, social, cultural, spiritual goods and so on. To use welfare as the dominant economic growth of the country, the need to regulate social standards and state guarantees groups (consumer, socio-infrastructural, social protection, financial, property) has been identified. There are five levels of well-being assessment: individual, household, community, region, state. It has been substantiated that the assessment of well-being based on GDP per capita, which is used in the vast majority of modern research, has significant shortcomings because it does not consider shadow incomes, migration transfers, household living conditions, leisure time, and household income inequality.
Analysis of the State of the Ukrainian Banking Services Market during the Pandemic
Authors:   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Bodnar Olena , Palamarchuk Victoriia ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University, Havrylov Anton ,   Mykolayiv National Agrarian University
Published: March 2021

Introduction. In the current global crisis, the spread of globalization, unstable economy in the country, the emergence of threats related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of quarantine in the country, it is necessary to analyze their impact on banking institutions in Ukraine and accordingly to the national security of Ukraine. Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the banking services market of Ukraine during a pandemic and to develop practical recommendations for its further development. Results. The state of the Ukrainian market of banking services in the conditions of a pandemic is analyzed. The dynamics of operating banks in Ukraine is studied. The TOP-10 banking institutions according to the stability rating and the leaders of the people's rating of banking institutions are presented. It is noted that in modern conditions, the activities of banking institutions are extremely strongly influenced by external factors. The dynamics of gross domestic product volumes is considered. The dynamics of the discount rate of the National Bank of Ukraine is studied. The analysis of indicators of return on assets and capital of the banking system in Ukraine as a whole is carried out. Examples of adaptive solutions of banking institutions in Ukraine during a pandemic are given. It is noted that due to the introduction of quarantine in Ukraine, citizens began to actively and effectively use Internet technology to address their own issues and meet needs, thus accelerating the transition to the digital age. Conclusions. We are convinced that the introduction of adaptive measures of banking institutions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic for other banks will help to minimize the negative consequences and possible risks associated with such exposure. Thanks to timely decisions on the functioning of banking institutions, re-planning, changing approaches to customer service, banking institutions were able to adapt to the conditions caused by the pandemic, and reduce possible risks, losses and threats to their activities and generally positively affect the economy.