bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Dimensional Invariance of Graphs of Fractal Functions Under Horizontal Nonlinear Variation
Authors: Yu Binyan , Liang Yongshun , Chandra Subhash
Published: February 2025

On the basis of our previous work, this paper makes an investigation on whether fractal dimensions of an object with a fractal curve shape will keep invariable under being subjected to horizontal nonlinear variation in this paper. For two fractal continuous functions and , it has been proven that the graph of has the same lower and upper Box dimensions as the graph of when is a monotonic bi‐Lipschitz function with certain basic elementary functions provided. Further, we show that such invariance property also holds for the Hausdorff dimension, the packing dimension, and the Hewitt–Stromberg dimension under certain conditions. Numerical simulations of some concrete examples have also been carried out to corroborate our theoretical results. This work may contribute to the dimensional theory of graphs of fractal functions and have certain practical application significance in physics and other natural sciences.
Quantification of Spatial Ventilation Defect Sparsity in Hyperpolarized Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lungs Utilizing a Three‐Dimensional Clustering Algorithm
Authors: García Delgado Gabriela María , Shammi Ummul Afia , Ruppel Mia R. , Altes Talissa A. , Mugler John P. , Meyer Craig H. , Qing Kun , de Lange Eduard E. , Mata Jaime , Ruset Iulian C. , Hersman F. W. , Thomen Robert P.
Published: February 2025

Hyperpolarized gas (HPG) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows for the quantification of pulmonary defects with the ventilation defect percentage (VDP). Although informative, VDPs lack information regarding the spatial distribution of defects. We developed a method of quantifying the focality/sparseness of ventilation defects in hyperpolarized‐gas lung MR images. The study involved a total of 56 subjects: 14 asthmatics (age mean ± sd = 45.1 ± 18.9), 25 COPD subjects (age = 60.6 ± 10.4), and 17 CF subjects (age = 21.8 ± 8.4). The analyzed data are from four different studies: Study 1 used a 3‐T gradient echo (GRE) sequence, Study 2 used a 1.5‐T GRE sequence, Study 3 used a 1.5‐T two‐dimensional spiral sequence, and Study 4 used a 1.5‐T three‐dimensional balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence. We developed an algorithm that quantifies the focality/sparseness of ventilation defects as a subject's cluster index (CI). The algorithm was assessed on synthesized spherical defect clusters and 3D lung volume defects of varying sizes/distributions. CI and whole‐lung VDP were calculated for asthmatic, COPD, and CF subjects. Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression models between CI and FEV1pp, as well as CI and VDP, were performed to evaluate CI among asthma, COPD, and CF. T tests were performed to evaluate CI/VDP ratios among previously mentioned lung diseases. p values less than 0.05 were statistically significant. Subject CI well represents defect focality by visual inspection. Pearson correlation coefficients between CI and VDP were r = 0.60 (p = 2.21 × 10−2) for asthma, r = 0.79 (p = 3.15 × 10−6) for COPD, and r = 0.84 (p = 2.80 × 10−5) for CF. Pearson correlation coefficients between CI and FEV1pp was r = −0.47 (p = 0.0002). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test revealed that the ratio of whole‐lung CI/VDP was significantly different between asthma/CF (p = 0.04) and CF/COPD (p = 0.008), but not among asthma/COPD (p = 0.95). This method of volumetric quantification of defect spatial distribution may provide information regarding defect cluster size in which VDP alone is uninformative.
Optimal Control of Stochastic Magneto‐Hydrodynamics With Non‐Instantaneous Impulsive Effects: Applications to Solar Flare Impact Mitigation
Authors: Nagarajan Durga , Hussain S. Satham , Malik Muslim
Published: February 2025

This article is devoted to the study of existence and optimal control for non‐instantaneous impulsive incompressible stochastic magneto‐hydrodynamics equation with Poisson jumps in the Hilbert space. The main objectives include establishing existence and uniqueness of mild solutions of the considered model. This is achieved in the space with the help of fixed point theorem, stochastic analysis techniques and semigroup theory. Additionally, this manuscript demonstrates the existence of optimal control which is supported by Balder's theorem with an application to solar flare impact mitigation. The proposed model captures the dynamic response of the magnetized plasma to sudden and rare events in the solar wind events, providing a realistic representation of the intricate interactions between solar activity and magnetohydrodynamics in space. This work lays a foundation for advanced modeling of stochastic and impulsive systems, offering significant insights for applications in astrophysics and space weather prediction.
The Impact of Lovenox Prophylaxis and Other Anticoagulants on Microvascular Free Flap Outcomes
Authors: Bhatnagar Kavita , Smith Hannah , Taghizadeh Farshid , Young Gavin , Trott Skylar , Clayburgh Daniel , Yang Sara , Wax Mark K.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Microvascular free flap reconstruction for head and neck defects carries a 95% success rate. When flap compromise occurs, it is often due to vascular occlusion. This study seeks to determine what impact lovenox prophylaxis has on flap outcomes and postoperative complications.

Study Design

A retrospective review.

Setting

A single tertiary institution.

Methods

A total of 1100 patients underwent microvascular free flap reconstruction from January 2010 to May 2019. The use of lovenox prophylaxis began in 2013, and by 2015, it was routinely used. Flap outcome and postoperative complications were compared between those who received postoperative lovenox prophylaxis and those who did not, using a chi‐squared analysis. Outcomes among patients on therapeutic heparin and other oral anticoagulants were similarly examined.

Results

There was no difference between those with (n = 716) or without chemoprophylaxis (n = 384) in rates of flap compromise (11.46% vs 12.71%), salvage (43.19% vs 52.71%), and overall failure (6.51% vs 6.01%) (P = .45). Rates of arterial insufficiency (8.07% vs 7.82%, P = .89) and venous congestion (3.39% vs 5.73%, P= .09) were equivalent. Arterial insufficiency (23.85%, P = .0002) was highest among the therapeutic heparin group. The rate of hematoma was significantly different between those without chemoprophylaxis (2.08%), and those on lovenox (3.77%), heparin (10.55%), and other anticoagulants (14.55%) (P = 4 × 10−8).

Conclusions

Lovenox prophylaxis does not appear to impact overall flap survival but does confer a small increase in hematoma risk. There were higher rates of complications among patients on therapeutic heparin. Patients who require anticoagulation for other medical comorbidities are nearly 4 times as likely to develop hematomas and should be counseled accordingly.
Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation for pharmacological treatment‐resistant bipolar depression: Protocol for double‐blind, randomized, sham‐controlled trial
Authors: Kishi Taro , Sakuma Kenji , Hamanaka Shun , Nishii Yasufumi , Esaki Kosei , Zhao Yueren , Matsuda Yuki , Kito Shinsuke , Iwata Nakao
Published: February 2025

Background

With 30%–50% of people with bipolar depression (BDep) not responding to multiple pharmacological treatments, alternative therapies are needed. Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L‐DLPFC) has been employed for individuals with pharmacological treatment‐resistant major depressive disorder (TR‐MDD). Imaging studies have revealed reduced regional activity of the L‐DLPFC for both TR‐MDD and pharmacological treatment‐resistant BDep (TR‐BDep), suggesting that aiTBS over the L‐DLPFC may be beneficial for people with TR‐BDep.

Methods

A 6‐week, double‐blind, sham‐controlled, randomized trial will be conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of aiTBS to the L‐DLPFC in people with TR‐BDep (jRCTs042240019). Fifty iTBS sessions (1800 pulses/session) will be delivered in 10 daily sessions over 5 consecutive days at 90% resting motor threshold. This aiTBS protocol is termed as Fujita Neuromodulation Therapy for Bipolar Depression (FNT‐BD). Twenty‐two participants (both sexes, aged 18–64 years) with TR‐BDep (DSM‐5‐TR, Type I) will be recruited. The response rate at any given week of follow‐up will be the primary efficacy outcome, defined as a reduction of ≥50% in the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score. Other outcomes will include MADRS score changes, remission rate (10 ≥ MADRS score), Clinical Global Impression‐Improvement score, Clinical Global Impression‐Severity score, discontinuation rate, and incidence of individual adverse events.

Results

We anticipate that individuals who receive the aiTBS treatment show significant improvement in depressing symptoms compared to those receiving sham treatment.

Conclusions

This study will provide valuable evidence for both patients with TR‐BDep and clinicians.
Active surface modification of thermoplastic polyurethane‐oleic acid nanocomposite fibers through alkali hydrolysis
Authors: Karahaliloğlu Zeynep , Hazer Baki
Published: February 2025

Alkali hydrolysis is a simple, low‐cost, and prominent surface modification method for developing more desirable scaffolds. In the presented study, two distinct concentrations (1 and 3 M) were predetermined for the hydrolysis treatments, and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposite fibers with varying concentrations of oleic acid (OLE) were exposed. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, when naked TPU or nanocomposite fibers showed any morphological changes, the interfacial bonding points of TPU‐OLE nanocomposite fibers enhanced in the higher concentrations of hydrolysis solution (1 and 3 M). The average fiber diameter in pure TPU is 0.59 ± 0.04 μm, while after doping with the highest concentration of OLE, the fiber diameter decreased to 0.48 ± 0.03 μm. Additionally, at the highest NaOH and OLE concentrations, the diameter decreased from 0.85 ± 0.02 μm in 3 M/TPU to 0.61 ± 0.04 μm in 3 M/TPU‐OLE3. Additionally, the surface hydrophilicity of TPU‐OLE fibers was noticeably improved through alkali hydrolysis, compared to the naked TPU approximately by 70%. Furthermore, the surface characterization of fibers revealed that the surface roughness values showed a significant change with increasing alkali concentration, but were not affected by the OLE concentration. All these findings indicate that TPU, whose surface wettability, roughness, and antibacterial response are modified by mercerization and OLE addition, can be safely and successfully used in tissue engineering applications.

Highlights

Polyurethane, oleic acid, and NaOH treatment were combined for tissue engineering applications.

TPU/OLE nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning.

The surface of composite fibrillar membranes was modified alkali hydrolysis.

The fiber diameter decreased after NaOH hydrolysis.

Alkali hydrolysis improved the surface wettability and antibacterial response.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the time and position dependence of the degree of cure, temperature distribution, and dynamic mechanical behavior of epoxy resin sheets cured with embedded Kanthal resistance wires
Authors: Kontaxis Lykourgos C. , Hoxha Dorela , Chatziathanasiou Grigorios M. , Patsidis Anastasios C. , Zaoutsos Stefanos P. , Papanicolaou George C.
Published: February 2025

In this study, epoxy resin sheets were cured by embedding Kanthal D resistance wires and applying Joule heating. The temperature developed by the embedded Kanthal wires remained constant for various curing times of up to 24 h. The degree of curing (DOC) via DSC experiments was determined, revealing that specimens closer to the heating element cured 15 h faster. The dynamic viscoelastic behavior of the epoxy resin via DMA was studied as a function of both the curing time and the point distance from the heating element. It was concluded that the epoxy resin located at a significant distance from the Kanthal wire will never reach a fully cured condition, despite receiving heat from the heating element. Thermal images were captured during the Joule heating curing process to simultaneously provide the temperature distribution variation with location and time. The experimentally obtained temperature distribution was then predicted and compared with respective numerical results. Finally, to determine the ideal distance between Kanthal wires, the separation distance between them was parametrized following the validation of the numerical model. The optimized separation distance of the Kanthal wires, according to the numerical analysis, was found to be 3 mm, at a constant applied temperature of 53°C.

Highlights

Complete curing of an epoxy resin sheet using only SRE heating.

DOC studied with respect to topological, temporal, and temperature variables.

Experimental results predicted/validated by corresponding numerical results.

Validated numerical models utilized for optimal distance of heating elements.
Identifying Children at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Problems: A Diagnostic Classification Model Approach
Authors: Bao Yu , Liu Jin , DiStefano Christine , Ding Ruyi
Published: February 2025

Behavioral and emotional disorders in childhood can have lasting impacts in areas such as education and future employment, often extending into adulthood. Identifying the potential disorders in children's early grades is beneficial to provide proactive assistance. In this study, we employed a well‐validated scale ‐ the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to investigate the profiles of five‐dimensional behavioral and emotional problems for 639 elementary school children from a southern U.S. state. Using a diagnostic classification model (DCM), we classified children into a set of predetermined profiles that capture the full range of possible behavioral and emotional patterns. The results indicated that the DCM yielded a good model‐data fit and can provide individualized feedback about the children for their teachers specifying which behavioral or emotional area(s) is/are at risk and deserve(s) special attention. We developed a sample student report card with accompanying user guidance. Applying DCM modeling in identifying children at risk for behavioral and emotional problems offers a new alternative to provide targeted support for children in need.
Self‐Releasing Vanillin: An Eco‐Friendly Self‐Polishing Coating Designed for Marine Antifouling
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Xiaojun , Chen Rongrong , Liu Qi , Song Dalei , Sun Gaohui , Yu Jing , Liu Jingyuan , Zhu Jiahui , Guo Shifeng , Wang Jun
Published: February 2025

Biological fouling will cause severe damage to the functionality of marine underwater facilities, shorten their service life, impede their normal operation, and trigger a biological invasion event. The traditional marine antifouling coatings release heavy metal elements, which cause harm to the marine environment. To overcome this issue, a self‐polishing antifouling resin based on vanillin methacrylate (VMA) was prepared via the free radical polymerization method. In seawater, the VMA‐based coatings achieve self‐polishing through the hydrolysis of the phenolic ester group. The hydrolysis mechanism of VMA was calculated using density functional theory by Cp2k software, and the results show that VMA achieves one‐step hydrolysis by the SN2 mechanism. It exhibited antibacterial and environmentally friendly antifouling properties by releasing vanillin, which is a natural antifouling active substance. The antibacterial, diatom adhesion inhibition, and the 9‐month marine field test demonstrated the excellent antifouling performance of VMA‐based coatings. It provides a novel concept for environmentally friendly self‐polishing coatings and has a promising application prospect.
Flame morphology of dual jet fires ejected from a spherical tank
Authors: Xia Chuchun , Zhang Huimin , Zhou Kuibin , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

Dual jet fires occur when a storage tank has two leakage points or two adjacent tanks leak simultaneously. Currently, research on inclined dual jet fires is limited. In this paper, an experimental setup is constructed to simulate dual jet flames confined by a hemispherical wall, and the merging behavior and flame length are intensively investigated in terms of different exit velocities, nozzle inclination angles, and nozzle diameters. As the exit velocity increases, the flame merging probability first increases and then decreases to a certain level for d = 2.3 mm, while for d = 3 mm, its variation pattern has no fixed trend. Meanwhile, the flame length initially increases, and then remains almost constant until Fr ≥ 105. When the nozzle inclination angle decreases, for d = 2.3 mm, there is no fixed trend in the flame merging probability, while for d = 3 mm, the flame merging probability first decreases and then increases to reach one. In addition, the flame length first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases again with the decrease of nozzle inclination angle in both Fr < 105 and Fr ≥ 105 cases. The dimensionless flame lengths are quantitatively expressed based on air entrainment analysis.
Chestnut flower extract as a natural inhibitor of Fusarium graminearum: antifungal activity and mechanisms
Authors: Xie Qiaoling , Peng Fei , Wang Xiuping , Du Bin , Yang Yuedong
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Plant pathogenic fungi are a major contributor to reductions in crop yield and quality, posing significant challenges to global food security. The extensive application of chemical fungicides has led to the development of resistance in pathogenic fungi and the accumulation of harmful residues, which threaten environmental sustainability and human health. Plant‐derived fungicides, with low toxicity and broad‐spectrum activity, offer an eco‐friendly alternative to synthetic chemicals.

RESULTS

This study evaluated the antifungal activity of chestnut flower extract (CFE) against Fusarium graminearum (FG) and investigated its underlying mechanisms through cellular and transcriptomic analyses. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) identified phenolic acids and flavonoids as the primary active constituents of CFE. CFE inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.51 and 0.39 mg mL−1, respectively. It disrupted biofilm integrity and membrane permeability by reducing ergosterol content, increasing extracellular conductivity, and affecting malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Protein and nucleic acid leakage were observed. Additionally, CFE inhibited energy metabolism by reducing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and suppressing the activities of key respiratory enzymes, including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed that CFE affected multiple biological processes in FG, including cell structure, protein synthesis, ion transport and mitochondrial function.

CONCLUSION

The chestnut flower contains active antibacterial ingredients that exhibit targeted inhibition of FG, thereby providing theoretical and technical support for the development of natural antibacterial agents with specific targeting capabilities. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Potential of Cs4CuSb2Cl12 Double Perovskite as an Absorber for Lead‐Free Solar Cells with Double‐Hole‐Transfer‐Layer Design
Authors: Güngör İlker Fatih , Üzüm Abdullah
Published: February 2025

Herein, Cs4CuSb2Cl12 double perovskite is optimized as an absorber layer for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Special attention is given to the design of the solar cell with a single hole transfer layer (single‐HTL) or with a double hole transfer layer (double‐HTL). Optimizations for the absorber layer and HTL are performed for parameters including thickness, defect density, mobility, absorption coefficient, and capture cross section. Parameters of the solar cells, energy bands, and recombination characteristics are examined in detail, and the optimum values are determined considering practical applications. Decreased recombination and increased current flow can be established by double‐HTL design. For example, 18.26, 19.74, and 19.84% conversion efficiencies are observed when using single P3HT, Spiro‐OMeTAD, and NiO as a single‐HTL on optimized solar cell design, respectively. The valance band offset (VBO) at absorber/copper nickel tin sulﬁde (CNTS) and CNTS/NiO interfaces is 0.27 and 0.21 eV which is lower than the VBO of absorber/CuSbS2 and CuSbS2/NiO interfaces which are 0.44 and 0.37 eV, respectively. Efficiencies reach 19.88 and 19.95% when using CuSbS2/NiO and CNTS/NiO double‐HTLs, respectively. Cs4CuSb2Cl12 double perovskite absorber optimizations and double‐HTL design for PSCs introduced in this work contribute for better knowledge of such materials and designs.
Heteroepitaxial Cubic (111) Zn2GeO4 Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductor Thin Films Grown on Cubic (111) MgAl2O4 Substrates by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Yu Jingjing , Luo Sijun , Splith Daniel , von Wenckstern Holger , Grundmann Marius
Published: February 2025

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the microstructural, optical, and electrical transport properties of heteroepitaxial cubic spinel (111)‐oriented Zn2GeO4 thin films grown on cubic spinel (111) MgAl2O4 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The in‐plane epitaxial relationships are [1–10] Zn2GeO4//[1‐10] MgAl2O4 and [11–2] Zn2GeO4//[11–2] MgAl2O4, indicating a cube‐on‐cube epitaxy. A 316 nm thick (111) Zn2GeO4 epitaxial film has a surface root‐mean‐square (RMS) roughness of about 0.9 nm and a narrow rocking curve of the (444) reflex with a full width at half maximum of about 0.36°. Temperature‐dependent Hall effect measurements indicate that the nominally undoped films exhibit n‐type semiconductor behavior. The high‐quality 316 nm thick epitaxial film, with a direct optical bandgap of about 4.9 eV at room temperature, shows a notable decline in resistivity from about 60 to about 4 Ω cm, as temperature increases from 100 to 300 K. Concurrently, the Hall electron carrier mobility rises gradually from ≈0.5 to 5.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 as temperature increases from 100 to 300 K. In contrast, the Hall electron carrier concentration demonstrates minimal temperature dependence, with a value of ≈1017 cm−3. The native n‐type conductivity is likely the result of unintentional dopants introduced during thin‐film fabrication.
Assessing Matrix and Nonmatrix, Single, and Multipoint Calibration of Trace Elements Using LA‐ICP‐MS on a Tropical Speleothem
Authors: Sekhon Natasha , Gao Annabelle , Mallick Soumen , Partin Judson W. , Cardenas M. Bayani , Ibarra Daniel E.
Published: February 2025

Rationale

Suites of trace elements are routinely used in speleothems as proxies to understand periods of past climate change. Laser ablation techniques are regularly implemented to acquire high resolution (50‐μm) trace element concentrations in carbonate archives for paleoclimatology. There exists limited research investigating Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) protocols using speleothem samples. This study investigates the difference between using matrix (carbonate) and nonmatrix (silicate) matched reference materials and the utility of 1‐point versus multiple point calibration curves.

Methods

Following an extensive review of published literature on speleothem LA‐ICP‐MS analyses, we conducted two laser ablation experimental runs 8 months apart on a 2.7‐cm section of a natural speleothem using matrix and nonmatrix matched reference materials. We used a 193‐nm wavelength Analyte G2 laser attached to a X‐Series‐2 ICP‐MS, a silicate reference material, and three carbonate reference materials. Next, we calculated concentrations using a 1‐point calibration curve, a 2‐point calibration curve, and a 3‐point calibration curve.

Results

The analysis of matrix and nonmatrix matched reference materials demonstrates that the trends of trace elements/Ca are minimally impacted by the matrix material of the standard. We also show that 2‐ and 3‐point calibration curves bracket the range of sample concentrations compared to a 1‐point (silicate) calibration curve. The calculated cave‐air temperatures using Mg/Ca concentrations fall within error of each other regardless of the calibration curve approach applied.

Conclusions

Our experiments provide a proof of concept on the conventional setup of standards during LA‐ICP‐MS speleothem analysis. We suggest the use of at minimum a 2‐point (silicate plus carbonate or carbonates) calibration curve that crucially bracket the range of sample concentrations rather than relying on a 1‐point silicate standard that does not bracket the sample concentration. Finally, our results have implications for both speleothem studies that use LA‐ICP‐MS analytical techniques and additional carbonate archives.
An Efficient Lightweight Multi Head Attention Gannet Convolutional Neural Network Based Mammograms Classification
Authors: Muthukrishnan Ramkumar , Balasubramaniam Ashok , Krishnasamy Vijaipriya , Ravichandran Sarath Kumar
Published: February 2025

Background

This research aims to use deep learning to create automated systems for better breast cancer detection and categorisation in mammogram images, helping medical professionals overcome challenges such as time consumption, feature extraction issues and limited training models.

Methods

This research introduced a Lightweight Multihead attention Gannet Convolutional Neural Network (LMGCNN) to classify mammogram images effectively. It used wiener filtering, unsharp masking, and adaptive histogram equalisation to enhance images and remove noise, followed by Grey‐Level Co‐occurrence Matrix (GLCM) for feature extraction. Ideal feature selection is done by a self‐adaptive quantum equilibrium optimiser with artificial bee colony.

Results

The research assessed on two datasets, CBIS‐DDSM and MIAS, achieving impressive accuracy rates of 98.2% and 99.9%, respectively, which highlight the superior performance of the LMGCNN model while accurately detecting breast cancer compared to previous models.

Conclusion

This method illustrates potential in aiding initial and accurate breast cancer detection, possibly leading to improved patient outcomes.
Uterus transplantation: A clinical breakthrough after systematic preclinical research
Authors: Brännström Mats , Milenkovic Milan , Tsakos Elias
Published: February 2025

Background

Uterus transplantation is a groundbreaking solution for absolute uterine factor infertility, offering women the potential for full biological motherhood. Since the first human trial in 2012 and the birth of the first baby in 2014, over 140 procedures have been performed globally, resulting in more than 70 live births.

Methods

This review synthesizes data from foundational animal research, patient eligibility criteria, and advancements in surgical techniques for uterus transplantation. It examines live and deceased donor grafts, the role of assisted reproductive technologies, and obstetrical outcomes.

Main Findings

Animal studies have been pivotal in transitioning uterus transplantation into clinical practice. Surgical advancements, including robotic‐assisted live donor hysterectomy, have improved precision. Protocols for in vitro fertilization have evolved, optimizing treatment before and after transplantation and reducing the time between transplantation and embryo transfer. Obstetrical outcomes show increased risks, such as hypertensive disorders and preterm births, underscoring the importance of thorough monitoring during pregnancy.

Conclusion

Despite its complexities, uterus transplantation represents a transformative advance in reproductive medicine. It provides a viable path to biological motherhood for women with uterine infertility and marks significant progress in both transplantation and fertility treatments, paving the way for further refinement and broader application.
Prescribed‐Time Prescribed Performance Leader Follower Formation Control for Wheeled Mobile Robots With Any Bounded Initial Value
Authors: Zhao Yu , Yan Huaicheng , Hu Yunsong , Li Zhichen , Shi Yifan
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates prescribed‐time prescribed performance control with any bounded initial values for wheeled mobile robot formation systems with uncertain dynamic models and visibility constraints. Visual information is provided by the fixed onboard camera. However, due to limitations in picture quality and frame size, there are constraints on both tracking distance and angle. In addition, constraints caused by collisions are also under consideration. Both barrier Lyapunov functions and performance functions are proposed to overcome these constraints. In contrast to existing prescribed performance control (PPC) methods, which necessitate the initial values of the tracking errors to fall within the prescribed performance functions, an error transformation method is introduced to ensure that the tracking errors can converge to the preset boundaries within a predefined time, regardless of the bounded initial values. Then, utilizing the backstepping procedure and neural network (NN) approximation, a practical prescribed‐time controller (PPTC) is formulated to guarantee the formation tracking errors can converge into a small neighborhood of the origin in the prescribed time while meeting the performance constraints. The NN approximation also achieves model uncertainty approximation in robot systems within the prescribed time. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
RMST for Interval‐Censored Data in Oncology Clinical Trials
Authors: Gao Xiyuan , Lyu Tianmeng , Xu Menghao , Hampson Lisa V. , Du Yan , Lin Renxin , Yateman Nigel , Tian Lu , Sun Jianguo
Published: February 2025

In oncology studies, the assumption of proportional hazards is often questionable due to factors such as the presence of cured patients, a delayed treatment benefit, and possible treatment switching. The restricted mean survival time (RMST) has emerged as a valuable alternative summary measure to the hazard ratio (HR) in this scenario as it provides a clinically meaningful interpretation of treatment benefit without additional assumptions. As a commonly used primary endpoint, progression‐free survival (PFS) is defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of death or progression of disease (PD). However, PFS involves dual observation processes where, in practice, the exact death time is typically recorded, but PD is interval‐censored. This feature is also present in other commonly used primary endpoints, including event‐free survival, disease‐free survival, and relapse‐free survival. The conventional approach imputes the PD time with the right boundary of the time interval during which the PD occurs. This paper presents alternative estimation and inference approaches to estimate RMST with a mixture of right‐censored and interval‐censored data. Different approaches are explored by simulation under various plausible scenarios for oncology clinical trials with regard to the assessment frequency, randomness in the actual assessment times, and size of treatment effect. The choice of the restricted time point in RMST is also explored. The simulation results indicate that the RMST estimators that take account of the interval censoring inherent in the data are unbiased and more accurate than the conventional estimators, while the performance for two‐group comparisons is comparable. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed estimators is contingent on the scheduled assessment plan and patients' visit window.
Molecular Designing and Simulation‐Driven Exploration of Benzotrithiophene‐Based Semiconductors for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Ahmed Rimsha Mujahid , Adnan Muhammad , Irshad Zobia , Hussain Riaz , Darwish Hany W. , Lim Jongchul
Published: February 2025

Small‐molecular hole transport materials (SM‐HTMs) are highly attractive due to their easy synthesis, low cost, and high performance when fabricated in organic solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we designed eight new scorpion‐shaped benzotrithiophene‐based (BTT) molecules (RIM1‐RIM8) by introducing π‐spacers and acceptors as side‐chain functional groups. We subsequently characterized these designed (RIM1‐RIM8) series by employing advanced quantum‐chemical approaches along with the synthetic reference molecule RIM. We extensively investigated the structure‐property relationship and the impact of end‐capped modifications on the optical, optoelectronics, charge‐carrier dynamics and photovoltaic characteristics. We also estimated the binding energy, reorganizational energies of holes and electrons, light harvesting efficiency, density of states, transition density matrix, electrostatic potential, dipole moment, and electron‐hole analysis. Among all the designed molecules, RIM4 shows the highest absorption at 615.67 nm, the lowest bandgap (2.46 eV) energy, and efficient charge‐carrier transport properties—which suggest RIM4 could be used efficiently in fabricating high‐performance organic and PSCs. Moreover, we also performed a donor/acceptor (RIM4:PC70BM) complex study to estimate the charge shifting from the HOMO of RIM4 to the LUMO of PC70BM at the donor/acceptor interface. Consequently, we suggest these newly designed scorpion‐shaped RIM1‐RIM 8 molecules for developing efficient next‐generation organic and PSCs.
Computational Insights into the Electronic Structure of 3‐Phenyl Coumarins
Authors: Giri Rajesh , Payal Ritu
Published: February 2025

The structural and geometry parameters of 3‐phenyl coumarins were studied utilizing DFT/BL3YP/6‐311++G(d,p) approach. The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis was implemented to understand the nature of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) within the molecules. The analysis also computes the global descriptors to account for their electronic and optical properties. The electrostatic potential surfaces (ESP) and Mulliken charges on their optimized geometries reveal charge distribution across the molecular framework. UV–Visible absorption spectra of molecules were obtained from TDDFT computations to identify the different peaks and corresponding electronic transitions. IR spectra have been elucidated to examine the vibrational frequencies of different bonds. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis and 2D fingerprint plots investigated the type of interactions in the molecule and interpret H⋯H interactions as the prominent one. The ESP maps confirmed O2 atom and hydrogen atom of coumarins as electrophilic and nucleophilic centers, respectively. The global descriptors (η, χ, μp, and ω) calculated from FMO analysis labeled molecules as strong electrophiles with high chemical reactivity and stability. The results validated the computed molecular properties relationship with the chemical substitutions. The present analysis fortifies the stability of 3‐phenyl coumarins and reflects amplified ICT in polar solvents proposing their suitability in various energy‐modulated applications.
Vibrational Dynamics and Heat Capacity of Poly (p–Phenylene)
Authors: Srivastava Seema , Srivastava Shweta , Fatima Gazala Roohi
Published: February 2025

A computational investigation of Poly (p–Phenylene), also known as PPP, is presented that analyses vibrational frequencies in normal modes and associated dispersion curves utilizing the field of force defined by Urey–Bradley. In addition, modes corresponding to the regions of high density of states and other characteristic features of dispersion curves such as repulsion and exchange of character are discussed. Conformation sensitive modes of other α–helices are compared. Heat capacity is obtained from the dispersion curves via density of states and it is found in agreement with the reported data.
Enhancement of Boehmite‐derived Aluminum Oxide Catalysis for Intramolecular Aldol Condensation of 2,5‐hexanedione to 3‐methyl‐2‐cyclopentenone by Lanthanum Loading and Thermal Treatment
Authors: Nishimura Shun , Ling Zijian
Published: February 2025

Improvement of boehmite (AlOOH)‐derived aluminum oxide catalyzed intramolecular aldol condensation of 2,5‐hexanedione (HDN) to 3‐methyl‐2‐cyclopentenone (MCP) is examined by addition of another element (M: Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, In, La, Ce, Gd, and none) as 3 wt% (in theory) with thermal treatment at 600 °C. It is particularly interesting that only the La‐loaded AlOOH exhibited positive performance of 49% yield for MCP in comparison to pristine AlOOH of 40% yield under the same reaction condition (3.0 mmol HDN). The calcination temperature and loading amount of La were surveyed further to assess the unique trends of La‐derived reactivity. Findings indicate 5 wt% La‐loaded AlOOH calcined at 500 °C as the best catalyst affording 60% yield and 71% selectivity for MCP production among the various La‐loaded Al2O3 categories. As generated La/Al2O3 also possesses good stability for continuous transformation of HDN to MCP, which is appreciable for more than 20 h while maintaining greater than 80% selectivity in a liquid‐flow reactor system.
Exploring Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose: Synthesis, Stability, and Degradation Dynamics
Authors: Hamdaoui Lahcen El , Rahim Asmaa M Abdel , Assoumani Nidhoim , Marouani Maryam EL , Mariyem Abouri , Es‐Said Amine , Hamidi Adnan El
Published: February 2025

This research explores the synthesis and characterization of diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE‐cellulose), along with a comprehensive analysis of its pyrolysis properties and degradation kinetics. The DEAE‐cellulose was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, scanning electron, and EDX microscopy. The thermal behavior of DEAE‐cellulose has been investigated using TGA at four heating rates: 5, 10, 15, and 20 °/min. The kinetic parameters were obtained using four isoconversional model‐free methods proposed by Kissinger, FWO, KAS, and Starink. Using the Kissinger technique, the activation energy and pre‐exponential factor were determined to be 106.94 kJ/mol and 2.2 × 109 min−1, respectively. In contrast, the average activation energy for free model approaches is 87.48, 82.66, and 82.97 kJ/mol when utilizing the FWO, KAS, and Starink methods, respectively. Then, the most probable reaction functions have also been determined by the CoatsRedfern method, leading to greatly improved calculation performance over the entire conversion range. The 1D diffusion model (D1) at 5 °/min could be considered the best‐fitted model reaction to describe the pyrolysis of DEAE‐cellulose. Various types of reaction mechanism models have been used to determine the thermodynamic parameters at β = 5 °/min, all models have shown positive △H except P1/4 (power law, n = 1/4).
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Onosma bulbotrichum Extracts
Authors: Hartavi Abdulmetin , Sarikurkcu Cengiz , Kirkan Bulent , Binzet Riza , Tepe Bektas
Published: February 2025

Exploring plant‐based compounds for potential therapeutic applications necessitates detailed analysis of their chemical properties and bioactivities. This study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities of water, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Onosma bulbotrichum. Qualitative (spectrophotometric) and quantitative (chromatographic) techniques are used to quantify phenolics, flavonoids, and individual compounds, while antioxidant activities are assessed using multiple assays, including FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS. Enzyme inhibitory activities are evaluated against AChE, BChE, tyrosinase, α‐amylase, and α‐glucosidase. Results indicated that the methanol extract has the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, correlating with its superior antioxidant capacities in the FRAP and DPPH assays. The ethyl acetate extract shows significant inhibition of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, suggesting its richness in less polar bioactive compounds. Correlation analysis highlighted specific phenolics, such as vanillic acid, as major contributors to antioxidant and enzyme‐inhibitory activities. The observed bioactivities of the extracts suggest that O. bulbotrichum contains compounds with potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in managing oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Future studies should focus on isolating and characterizing individual active compounds and exploring their mechanisms of action in more depth.
Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Studies of 2‐Azetidinone‐Based Combretastatin A‐4 Analogues with Anticancer Activity
Authors: Ayrim Nabel B. , Balakit Asim A. , Laftaa Souad J. , Alkazazz Fatin Fadhel , Bekkar Yahia , Bourougaa Lotfi , Saleh Basil A.
Published: February 2025

This study develops new combretastatin A‐4 (CA‐4) analogues to enhance anticancer efficacy, selectivity, and address drug resistance. A series of 2‐azetidinones, designed as CA‐4 analogues, feature two substituted phenyl rings bridged by an amidic carbonyl and a β‐lactam ring. Target compounds (7–11, 20–23, and 28–31) were synthesized through two‐step routes and characterized using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Anti‐proliferative activity against the breast cancer cell line MCF‐7 and the normal cell line WRL 68 revealed compounds 9 and 21 as the most potent, with IC50 values of 34.27 and 28.86 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies of these compounds showed high binding affinity to the colchicine site on tubulin (PDB ID: 4O2B). Results suggest that symmetrical aromatic rings in this scaffold may enhance anticancer activity, highlighting compounds 9 and 21 as promising candidates.
The Magnetic Catalyst CoFe2O4/CoFe@BC Derived from Loofah Exhibits High Efficiency in Degrading Levofloxacin
Authors: Ruan Chuanda , Zhang Limeng , Song Ziyan , Zheng Xiaodan , Han Lifeng , Fu Zhifei , Guo Qinwei , Wang Meng , Tian Fei
Published: February 2025

To mitigate pollution caused by levofloxacin (LVF) in aquatic environments, a magnetic catalyst, CoFe2O4/CoFe@BC (CF@BC), was synthesized using loofah‐derived biochar (BC) as a support, through coprecipitation followed by calcination at high temperatures. CF@BC was utilized for the degradation of LVF in aqueous solutions containing peroxymonosulfate (PMS), requiring no additional energy input. CF@BC demonstrates exceptional catalytic performance, even under acidic conditions, achieving a degradation rate of 98% within 4 min. Compared to pure CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (CF), CF@BC exhibits smaller particle sizes and improved dispersion properties, enhancing the exposure of reactive sites. The degradability of the CF@BC/PMS system is nearly three times greater than that of the CF/PMS system under identical conditions. Furthermore, the CF@BC/PMS system demonstrated effective degradation of LVF across a wide initial pH range (3 to 9) and maintained high degradation efficiency after three cycles. Both Co(II)/Co(III) and Fe(III)/Fe(II) are involved in the activation process of PMS, with SO₄•− and 1O₂ being the predominant species contributing to degradation. Additionally, two pathways for the degradation of LVF have been proposed. The CF@BC/PMS system developed in this study can be effectively applied to remediate water contaminated by LVF.
Combined Computational Techniques for Discovery of Novel Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives as PAK1 Inhibitors
Authors: Asati Vivek , Gupta Shankar , Baweja Gurkaran Singh , Irani Mehdi , Monga Vikramdeep , Almehizia Abdulrahman A.
Published: February 2025

P21‐activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a protein kinase involved in various cancers, making it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. This study employed a comprehensive computational approach, including pharmacophore modeling, three dimensional‐quantitative structure‐activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) analysis, virtual screening, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, to identify novel PAK1 inhibitors. A total of 46 pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were used as a dataset to generate pharmacophore and 3D‐QSAR models. The pharmacophore model DHRRR_1 exhibited the highest survival score of 5.80 and a site score of 0.92. The 3D‐QSAR analysis yielded robust models with high predictive power, including an atom‐based QSAR model with R2 = 0.7209 and Q2 = 0.6649 and a field‐based QSAR model with R2 = 0.9072 and Q2 = 0.8464. These models guided the screening of 40,000 novel derivatives through R‐group enumeration. The compounds 1a, 1b and 1c was screened as the potetial compounds through R‐group enumeration study. Additionally, compounds from the ZINC database showed strong docking results, such as ZINC93921464, ZINC92210618, ZINC40387740, and ZINC90059146. The novel compounds were compared with the original QSAR dataset and the ZINC‐screened compounds. MD simulations provided insights into the dynamic behavior of PAK1‐ligand complexes, emphasizing the importance of interactions with Leu347 and Arg299. The screened compounds of the study may be used for further development of novel compounds as anticancer agents against PAK1 kinase.
Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Fe3O4─MoS2@MXene Nanocomposite as an Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Levofloxacin
Authors: Sahil  , Jaryal Vishal Bharati , Sharma Ritika , Thakur Kamal Kishor , Ataya Farid S. , Gupta Neeraj , Singh Dilbag
Published: February 2025

Fabricating effective levofloxacin sensors is essential for monitoring pharmaceutical and environmental residues. This work presents a novel trine nanocomposite prepared by hydrothermal treatment of MoS2, MXene, and Fe(OH)3 for effective sensing of levofloxacin. The successful preparation of this nanocomposite was confirmed by characterizing it with different techniques, including HR–TEM, XPS, XRD, FTIR, Raman and Zeta potential analyses. The as‐prepared composite was used as an electrochemical probe to detect levofloxacin. The Fe3O4─MoS2@MXene modified glassy carbon electrode showed a good response for levofloxacin using differential normal pulse voltammetry within a linear range of 6 µM–17 µM. The limit of detection was found to be 900 nM, and the interaction of analyte with fabricated electrode was observed to be a diffusion‐controlled process. The findings of this investigation demonstrate the potential application of Fe3O4─MoS2@MXene composite as electrochemical sensor, paving the way for further investigations into fabrication of reliable sensing platforms for the detection of antimicrobial pollutants present in the environment.
Direct Syntheses of 2D Noble Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Toward Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Electrocatalysis‐Related Applications
Authors: Wang Jialong , Peng You , Zhou Tong , Fu Jiatian , Quan Wenzhi , Cheng Yujin , Ding Haoxuan , Zhang Yanfeng
Published: February 2025

2D noble transition metal dichalcogenides (nTMDCs, PdX2 and PtX2, where X═S, Se, Te) have emerged as a new class of 2D materials, owing to their unique puckered pentagonal structure in 2D PdS2 and PdSe2, largely tunable band structures or band gaps with decreasing the layer thickness at the 2D limit, strong interlayer interactions, superior optoelectronic properties, high edge catalytic properties, etc. Directly synthesizing 2D nTMDCs domains or thin films with large‐area uniformity, tunable thickness, and high crystalline quality is the premise for exploring these salient properties and developing a wide range of applications. Hereby, this review summarizes recent progress in the direct syntheses and characterizations of 2D nTMDCs, mainly focusing on the thermally assisted conversion (TAC) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods, by using various metal and chalcogen‐contained precursors. Meanwhile, the applications of directly synthesized 2D nTMDCs in various fields, such as high‐performance field effect transistors (FETs), broadband photodetectors, superior catalysts in hydrogen evolution reactions, and ultra‐sensitive piezo resistance sensors, are also discussed. Finally, challenges and prospects regarding the direct syntheses of high‐quality 2D nTMDCs and their applications in next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic devices, as well as novel catalysts beyond noble metals are overviewed.