bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exponentially fitted numerical method for solving singularly perturbed delay reaction-diffusion problem with nonlocal boundary condition
Authors: Wondimu Getu Mekonnen , Woldaregay Mesfin Mekuria , Duressa Gemechis File , Dinka Tekle Gemechu
Published: October 2022

Objectives: In this article, singularly perturbed delay reaction-diffusion problem with nonlocal boundary condition is considered. The exponential fitting factor is introduced to treat the solutions inside the boundary layer which occur due to perturbation parameter. The considered problem has interior layer at x = 1 and strong boundary layers at x = 0 and x = 2. We proposed an exponentially fitted finite difference method to solve the considered problem. The nonlocal boundary condition is treated using Composite Simpson’s 1/3 rule.
Result: The stability and uniform convergence analysis of the proposed approach are established. The error estimation of the developed method is shown to be second-order uniform convergent. Two test examples are carried out to validate the applicability of the developed numerical method. The numerical results reflect the theoretical estimations.
AMS Subject Classification: Primary 65L11, 65L12, 65L20, 65L70.
Analysis of Association of Asp299Gln (rs 4986790) and Thr399Ile (rs 4986791) Polymorphisms of the TLR4 Gene with Risk of Developing Lung Sarcoidosis (Using the Example of Residents of Karelia)
Authors: Malysheva I. E. , Topchieva L. V. , Tikhonovich E. L.
Published: October 2022

The objective: to analyze the association of the Asp299Gln (rs 4986790) and Thr399Ile(rs 4986791) polymorphisms of the TLR4 gene with the risk of pulmonary sarcoidosis in the Russian population of the Republic of Karelia.

Subjects and Methods. 253 people were examined: 122 patients diagnosed with morphologically verified sarcoidosis with lung involvement (average age – 41.00 ± 12.56 years) (Sarcoidosis Group) and 131 healthy donors (Control Group) (average age – 44.00 ± 14.23 years). All subjects in both groups considered themselves Russians by ethnicity, as reported in the survey. The distribution of alleles and genotypes by the polymorphic markers Asp299Gln (rs 4986790) and Thr399Ile (rs 4986791) of the TLR4 gene was studied in the group of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and the group of healthy individuals. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP.

Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies for the Asp299Gln (rs 4986790) and Thr399Ile (rs 4986791) polymorphic markers of the TLR4 gene between the group of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and the control group: (χ2 = 0, df = 1, p = 0.997 и χ2 = 1.0, df = 2, p = 0.606; χ2 = 0.785, df = 1, p = 0.376 и χ2 = 0, df = 2, p = 1.0).

Conclusion. The polymorphic marker Asp299Gln (rs 4986790) and Thr399Ile (rs 4986791) of the TLR4 gene is not associated with the risk of pulmonary sarcoidosis in the Russian population of the Republic of Karelia.
Blood management in patients with uterine myoma and anemia in the perioperative period
Authors: Fedorova T. A. , Borzykina O. M. , Strelnikova E. V. , Khamidulina K. G. , Rogachevskiy O. V. , Kozachenko A. V. , Ivanets T. Yu.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. In the structure of gynecological diseases, uterine myoma occupies one of the leading places and is accompanied by abnormal uterine bleeding, anemia, hemodynamic and hemostasiological disorders.   Purpose. To optimize the management of the perioperative period in patients with uterine myoma and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) using methods of patient blood management (PBM).   Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 94 patients with uterine myoma and IDA, who were examined and treated at the Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology. Of these, 74 patients made up the first, prospective group, who received IDA treatment with intravenous administration of ferric carboxymaltose during the perioperative period and during surgical treatment (laparoscopy / laparotomy and myomectomy), they underwent intraoperative autologous blood transfusion (IABT) using the cell salvage with Cell Saver 5+ apparatus. 20 women with myoma uterine and IDA constituted a comparison group (retrospective) who did not receive intravenous iron therapy in the perioperative period and did not undergo IABT. During surgical intervention (laparoscopy / laparotomy and myomectomy) or in the postoperative period, they received transfusion of donor erythrocyte-containing blood components according to indications.   Results. All patients underwent surgical treatment in the amount of laparoscopy / laparotomy and myomectomy. During the operation, 74 patients of the main group underwent IABT in an average volume of 467.4 ± 327.8 ml. In the postoperative period, the patients of the main group continued to receive anemia therapy with intravenous administration of ferric carboxymaltose. And blood transfusions were not required in any patient of the main group. In patients of the second group, two (10 %) patients received donor erythrocyte suspension in an average volume of 358.2 ± 85.8 ml. Infectious and inflammatory complications: fever, inflammation of the postoperative suture, parametritis occurred in 6.8 % of women in the main group; in the comparison group – in 15 % of patients.   Conclusions. Introduction into clinical practice of modern methods of blood management in patients with uterine myoma and IDA: the Infusion of intravenous high-dose ferric preparationsin the perioperative period, the use of Cell Saver devices for intra-operative autologous blood transfusion, helps to reduce the time of therapy, minimize transfusions of donor erythrocytes, reducing the frequency of infectious and inflammatory complications.
Management of infertile patients with chronic endometritis
Authors: Karakhalis L. Yu. , Kononenko T. S. , Zhigalenko A. R. , Penzhoyan M. A.
Published: October 2022

Introduction. Chronic endometritis complicates infertility management that sets the task of searching new approaches of treatment. Special attention is paid to the use of enzymatic drugs that improve repair processes.   Аim. Тo evaluate the effect of the bovgialuronidasa azoxymer on the restoration of the morphofunctional state of the endometrium and receptor apparatus in infertile women with chronic endometritis.   Materials and methods. Forty-seven reproductive age women who applied for infertility with chronic endometritis were examined. The general, somatic, and gynecological history assessment has been carried out. Complaints included the pain syndrome (100 %), discharge from the genital tract (100 %), and the pain during palpation and uterine traction (89.4 %). Paipel-biopsy was carried out with subsequent morphological and cultural study of the endometrium. The immunohistochemical analysis was carried out, and endometrial receptivity was studied. The middle M-echo was detected. Statistical processing was carried out using the Microsoft Exel application package (2010), STATISTICA 13.3 (USA, Tibco).   Results. Diagnostic measures including cultural and morphological examination of the endometrium allows to verify chronic endometritis. The use of this protocol allows half of infertile women with chronic endometritis to achieve pregnancy. The use of bovgialuronidasa azoxymer increases rate of pregnancy on 23.9 %.   Conclusion. Treatment under this protocol allows half of the patients with infertility due to chronic endometritis, including autoimmune one, to achieve pregnancy.
Clindamycin removal from aqueous solution by non-thermal air plasma treatment: performance, degradation pathway and ensuing antimicrobial activity
Authors: Akbarzadeh Abbas , Ghomi Hamid Reza , Rafiee Mohammad , Hosseini Omid , Jahangiri-rad Mahsa
Published: October 2022

The present study set out to investigate clindamycin (CLN) removal from aqueous solution using non-thermal plasma (NTP) under atmospheric air conditions and to address the effects of some variables including pH, initial concentration of CLN, and working voltage on CLN degradation. The result showed that the NTP system exhibited excellent degradation rate and mineralization efficiency on CLN in 15 min under neutral conditions, which exceeded 90 and 45%, respectively, demonstrating its conversion to other organic by-products. Furthermore, CLN degradation was largely dependent upon the initial pH of solution, applied voltage, and reaction time. Specifically, under acidic conditions (pH = 3), working voltage of 24 kV and after 15 min of reaction, almost 100% of CLN was degraded. NTP-initiated CLN degradation products through LC-MS/MS analysis, determined within 10 min of reaction, inferred that the complex structure of CLN has undergone deterioration by active radical species which subsequently generated small molecular organic compounds. Chemical processes involved in CLN degradation were found to be demethylation, desulfonylation, dechlorination, hydroxylation and deamination. Lastly, antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that the activity of CLN was reduced following NTP treatment, which is also in good agreement with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained from microdilution analyses.
Comparative study of UV/H2O2 and UV/PMS processes for treating pulp and paper wastewater
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Fei Yuchao , Gong Chenhao , Shan Yue , Zhang Zhongguo , Zhang Fengshan , Cheng Hongshun
Published: October 2022

Pulp and paper wastewater (PPWW) contains numerous refractory and harmful contaminants that require advanced treatment to meet the discharge criteria. This study compared the efficacy of two PPWW treatments: ultraviolet/peroxymonosulfate (UV/PMS) and ultraviolet/H2O2 (UV/H2O2) working under similar circumstances. The initial pH value, oxidant dosage, UV radiation intensity, and pseudo-first-order constant kobs were systematically studied in both systems. Optimally, the UV/PMS process produced an effluent of higher quality than the UV/H2O2, as measured by the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in 60 min, which were 48.2 and 64.3% for the respective UV/H2O2 and UV/PMS processes and corresponding kobs values of 0.0102 and 0.0159 min−1, respectively. Radical scavenging experiments demonstrated that •OH was the primary reactive oxygen species in UV/H2O2 process, and •OH and SO4−• in the UV/PMS process. Moreover, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy analyses showed that deep treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons with carbon chain lengths greater than 18 and macromolecular semi-volatile organic compounds in paper wastewater is difficult, whereas the UV/PMS process can significantly improve the removal of amides, esters, phenols, and other aromatic compounds.
Kosmogonie en literaire filmkunst in Blaise Cendrars’ en Fernand Légers La fin du monde filmée par l’ange N.D.
Authors: van Alst Abigael
Published: October 2022

This essay explores the use of irony and media experimentation in Blaise Cendrars’ and Fernand Léger’s cinematographic art book La fin du monde filmée par l’ange N.D. At the beginning of the twentieth century, early film carved out new possibilities for the human sensorium. Many writers regarded the camera as a new aesthetic instrument, which redefined the common perception and understanding of the world. In Cendrars’ and Léger’s artist book the use of the camera led to a very special result: the camera was inscribed in a story about the end of the world, which is ironically twisted into the story of its resurrection.
Ballades van Verschrikking: Verleden en Verbeeldingskracht in Tales of Superstition and Chivalry (1802) van Anne Bannerman
Authors: Van Cauwenberg Zoë
Published: October 2022

Female authorship of historical novels in the Romantic period (ca. 1750-1830) is critically established, but these insights have not yet come to fruition in research on ballad collections. This article aims to examine how Anne Bannerman (?1765-1829) uses the ballad form to write fictional history. Her collection of original ballads, Tales of Superstition and Chivalry (1802), draws from the margins of the past and creates supernaturally informed historical tales. I argue that Bannerman weaves together gender, Gothic and history to demonstrate that historical retrieval is only possible through the use of the imagination. In analysing the interrelation between the text and paratext, I demonstrate how she construes an open-ended narrative to suggest that all historical record is an interpretation. In so doing, my research contributes to a more critical understanding of how women authors appropriated the past and used the ballad form to do so.
The profile of Saudi male nursing workforce: A cross-sectional study
Authors:   Nursing Administration Department, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia, Alboliteeh Mohammad , Alshammari Fares ,   Department of Health Informatics, Public Health College, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the profile of the Saudi male nursing workforce that influences tenure in their job and their intentions in staying on the job or leaving their job. This research used the quantitative-comparative approach employing 361 nurses as participants from the three major government hospitals namely, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, and King Fahad Medical Center in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results showed that nurses in the workforce perceived the lack of promotion opportunities as the main reason for leaving the nursing profession (3.92±.952) and the reason for becoming a nurse wanted to help others cope with illness (4.68). There is a significant difference found in age to reasons (F=11.51; p<001) opinion of becoming a nurse (F=6.73; p<001), highest qualification on their reasons for leaving the nursing profession (F=11.8; p<.001) but not on the opinion of nurses (F=.690; p>.502). Moreover, the years of experience of the nurses were found significant to reasons (F=5.085; p<.002) and opinion (F=4.89; p<.002). Regarding the position held, there found significant differences in reasons for leaving (F=9.05; p<.001) and their opinion about becoming a nurse (F=11.81; p<.001). Concerning marital status there found significant differences in their reasons for leaving the nursing profession (t=5.779; p>.290) and their opinion (t=1.39; p>.573). Meanwhile, the number of dependents found no significant difference in their reasons (t=2.248; p>0.38) and opinion (t=.820; p>.366). Continuous skill development and career progression opportunities for male nurses contribute to job satisfaction and, as a result, it will be the key to gaining greater autonomy for Saudi Arabia's nurses.
Factors Associated With the Intention to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine: Cross-sectional National Study
Authors: Kasting Monica L , Macy Jonathan T , Grannis Shaun J , Wiensch Ashley J , Lavista Ferres Juan M , Dixon Brian E
Published: October 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health crisis, and vaccines are the most effective means of preventing severe consequences of this disease. Hesitancy regarding vaccines persists among adults in the United States, despite overwhelming scientific evidence of safety and efficacy.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to use the Health Belief Model (HBM) and reasoned action approach (RAA) to examine COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy by comparing those who had already received 1 vaccine to those who had received none.

Methods

This study examined demographic and theory-based factors associated with vaccine uptake and intention among 1643 adults in the United States who completed an online survey during February and March 2021. Survey items included demographic variables (eg, age, sex, political ideology), attitudes, and health belief variables (eg, perceived self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility). Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were used for vaccine uptake/intent. The first model included demographic variables. The second model added theory-based factors to examine the association of health beliefs and vaccine uptake above and beyond the associations explained by demographic characteristics alone.

Results

The majority of participants were male (n=974, 59.3%), White (n=1347, 82.0%), and non-Hispanic (n=1518, 92.4%) and reported they had already received a COVID-19 vaccine or definitely would when it was available to them (n=1306, 79.5%). Demographic variables significantly associated with vaccine uptake/intent included age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06), other race (AOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.27-0.83 vs White), and political ideology (AOR 15.77, 95% CI 7.03-35.35 very liberal vs very conservative). The theory-based factors most strongly associated with uptake/intention were attitudes (AOR 3.72, 95% CI 2.42-5.73), self-efficacy (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.34-2.29), and concerns about side effects (AOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46-0.76). Although race and political ideology were significant in the model of demographic characteristics, they were not significant when controlling for attitudes and beliefs.

Conclusions

Vaccination represents one of the best tools to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other possible pandemics in the future. This study showed that older age, attitudes, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and self-efficacy are positively associated with vaccine uptake and intent, whereas perceived side effects and lack of trust in the vaccine are associated with lower uptake and intent. Race and political ideology were not significant predictors when attitudes and beliefs were considered. Before vaccine hesitancy can be addressed, researchers and clinicians must understand the basis of vaccine hesitancy and which populations may show higher hesitancy to the vaccination so that interventions can be adequately targeted.
Combination of Paper and Electronic Trail Making Tests for Automatic Analysis of Cognitive Impairment: Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zheng Xiaoran , Tang Zeshen , Wang Haoran , Li Renren , Xie Zengmai , Yan Jiaxin , Zhang Xiaochen , Yu Qing , Wang Fei , Li Yunxia
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Computer-aided detection, used in the screening and diagnosing of cognitive impairment, provides an objective, valid, and convenient assessment. Particularly, digital sensor technology is a promising detection method.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop and validate a novel Trail Making Test (TMT) using a combination of paper and electronic devices.

METHODS

This study included community-dwelling older adult individuals (n=297), who were classified into (1) cognitively healthy controls (HC; n=100 participants), (2) participants diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=98 participants), and (3) participants with Alzheimer disease (AD; n=99 participants). An electromagnetic tablet was used to record each participant’s hand-drawn stroke. A sheet of A4 paper was placed on top of the tablet to maintain the traditional interaction style for participants who were not familiar or comfortable with electronic devices (such as touchscreens). In this way, all participants were instructed to perform the TMT-square and circle. Furthermore, we developed an efficient and interpretable cognitive impairment–screening model to automatically analyze cognitive impairment levels that were dependent on demographic characteristics and time-, pressure-, jerk-, and template-related features. Among these features, novel template-based features were based on a vector quantization algorithm. First, the model identified a candidate trajectory as the standard answer (template) from the HC group. The distance between the recorded trajectories and reference was computed as an important evaluation index. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we compared the performance of a well-trained machine learning model using the extracted evaluation index with conventional demographic characteristics and time-related features. The well-trained model was validated using follow-up data (HC group: n=38; MCI group: n=32; and AD group: n=22).

RESULTS

We compared 5 candidate machine learning methods and selected random forest as the ideal model with the best performance (accuracy: 0.726 for HC vs MCI, 0.929 for HC vs AD, and 0.815 for AD vs MCI). Meanwhile, the well-trained classifier achieved better performance than the conventional assessment method, with high stability and accuracy of the follow-up data.

CONCLUSIONS

The study demonstrated that a model combining both paper and electronic TMTs increases the accuracy of evaluating participants’ cognitive impairment compared to conventional paper-based feature assessment.
Utilizing wearable devices to improve patient care: Survey study (Preprint)
Authors: Vaughan Ashley , Warner Hayden , Gannon Margaret , Pearlman Amy
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Wearable devices are commonplace in today's society. The term "wearable device" includes a vast array of products and have the ability to collect a tremendous amount of patient data. Despite this, clinicians often depend on less reliable methods of data collection, influenced by patient recall.

OBJECTIVE

This project aimed to assess specific outcomes (measurables) physicians across multiple specialties would be most interested in tracking to improve patient care.

METHODS

A REDCap survey was distributed to U.S. based physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs) in current clinical practice to investigate current and prospective use of wearable devices in the clinical setting. Participation was voluntary.

RESULTS

110 physicians and APPs responded to the survey. Family medicine (13.6%), pediatrics (12.7%), internal medicine (10.9%), and urology (10.9%) were the most represented specialties. The majority of respondents did not currently use data from wearable devices in practice (73%, n=81), but 50 respondents reported using data collected outside of the clinic setting (e.g., devices, symptom diaries, surveys). Of those who currently used wearable devices for patient care (n=30), 73.3% used Apple watches, followed by Fitbit devices (46.7%), Holter monitor (30%), heart rate monitor (16.7%), and other smart watches (6.7%). The most useful data reported were step count/miles walked (67.0%), sleep hours/quality (60.6%), blood pressure (56.9%), resting heart rate (53.2%), heart rate variability (47.7%), and weight (44%). Sixty-one of 90 respondents thought that about half, most all, or all of their patients would be willing to use a wearable device to collect data outside of the clinic setting.

CONCLUSIONS

Though fewer than 30% of survey respondents currently used wearable devices for patient care, nearly half reported using data collected outside of the clinic setting and a majority thought that 50% or more of their patients would be willing to use wearable devices. Our results emphasize the importance of continued development and implementation of wearable devices in patient care.
Dividir y cobrar, unir y cobrar. Categorías fiscales y sociales en Chiapas y Guatemala 1800-1850
Authors: Pollack Aaron
Published: October 2022

En la búsqueda de una historia social de la fiscalidad, este libro indaga sobre las categorías de indio, mulato, ladino, laborío, casta, y sobre las mujeres y hombres identificados como tales, en Guatemala y Chiapas, en el momento de abandonar el tributo, fuente importante de ingresos en estos territorios desde siglos atrás. El análisis aborda las cambiantes sociedades en estos espacios, las ideas que fluían e influían en esta época, las políticas que se aplicaron en lugares y momentos específicos, y las diferentes respuestas de la sociedad en sus múltiples manifestaciones, a veces de manera violenta. La consulta de documentación en varios repositorios ha permitido revisar narrativas locales que, contextualizadas en los estudios sobre los esfuerzos europeos de la época por aplicar las contribuciones directas, enriquecen la historiografía latinoamericana. El contexto particular ilumina procesos geográficamente más difusos, a la vez que demuestra la singularidad de las experiencias chiapanecas y guatemaltecas.
A Comprehensive Review on Biological Activity of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Mansoori Ruksar , Jain Deepti , Pandey Varsha , Jain Surendra Kumar
Published: October 2022

Green tea, the commonly consumed beverage, is gaining increased attention in promoting overall health. In specific, green tea is considered a healthful beverage due to the biological activity of its polyphenols namely catechins. The main green tea polyphenols are catechins: (±)-catechin C, (-)-epicatechin EC, (+)-gallocatechin GC, (-)-epigallocatechin EGC, (-)-epicatechin gallate ECG, and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate EGCG. Among the polyphenols Epigallocatechin 3 gallate and Epicatechin 3 Gallate are the most predominant catechins. There are also human studies on using green tea catechins to treat chronic diseases such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors. Long-term consumption of tea catechins could be beneficial against high-fat diet-induced obesity and type II diabetes and could reduce the risk of coronary disease. Several epidemiological studies have proved that green tea also has some general health benefitting properties like anti-obesitive agent, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hypertension, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-parkinson's effects, anti-alzheimer's effects, anti-arthritic, anticollagenase, and antimutagenic etc. The properties of these catechins proved to be helpful in the treatment of chronic diseases like obesity, aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemic, hypertension, cancer, microbial, parkinson's, alzheimer's, arthritis, and periodontal disease. There are numerous studies in humans, animal models, and cell lines which provide the concepts for underlying functional mechanisms of green tea catechins and their biological actions and to suggest potential health benefits from the consumption of tea, including prevention of cancer and heart diseases. The review highlights also the potentials of green tea, its health benefits in terms of their properties. The present review concentrates on the effects of green tea on different chronic disease and general health.

Keywords: Green tea, Polyphenols, Epidemiological, Catechins, Animal models
Estado del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el departamento del Quindío, Colombia (2019-2021)
Authors: Andrade Salazar José Alonso , Hurtado Clavijo María Elizabeth , Patiño Franco Manuela , Ramírez Naranjo Geraldine
Published: October 2022

Esta revisión tiene como objetivo conocer el estado del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el departamento del Quindío, Colombia, para lo cual se acudió a una revisión sistemática documental tomando como modelo una matriz de protocolo Prisma-P. Se encontró que existe un incremento en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el Quindío que resulta análogo a lo sucedido en Colombia, y que tiene como particularidad que la edad de inicio es cada vez más temprana, lo que ubica a los jóvenes y adolescentes como la población de mayor riesgo de consumo, reincidencia y abuso de sustancias. El consumo se asoció al encierro y al aumento de la violencia intrafamiliar durante la pandemia, al tiempo que un factor de vulnerabilidad es ser mujer, madre cabeza de hogar y, además, convivir con una pareja consumidora. También, ha aumentado el microtráfico y la experimentación con nuevas drogas de diseño, situación que tuvo mucho auge durante el confinamiento por pandemia, y que se ha extendido y mantiene en la pospandemia o “nueva normalidad”.
Prototyping Situations: Interdisciplinary Free Improvisation in Technology Development and Latour’s Mode of the Technical
Authors: Dominik Schlienger
Published: October 2022

Interdisciplinary improvisation provides an innovative tool for technology development, based on the principle of prototyping the situation of a problem and letting the solution develop from within that situation. This stands in a contrast to the conventional paradigm by which technological prototypes are presented as solutions which then are tested as to their suitability, in hindsight. A participatory design practice which resulted in the development of spatial interactive technology for sonic arts provides a case study for this method. In focusing on the situation, rather than a (proposed) solution, technology is contingent on practice. This resounds with the description of the technical mode of existence the French philosopher Bruno Latour gives in An Enquiry into the Modes of Existence: According to Latour, the technical does not show itself directly as an object and is not directly experienceable. On that premise, the implications for technology development are intriguing: The fact that the technical is mostly only noticed when it is not working, needs to be considered in development methodology – evaluation has to become the main phase of development.
A systematic review of the role of penicillin vs penicillin plus metronidazole in the management of peritonsillar abscess.
Authors: Paramjothy Kiara , Moen Christy , Williamson Andrew , Coleman Holli , Smith Andrew , Douglas Catriona
Published: October 2022

Background Peritonsillar abscess is a common clinical problem.
Management involves drainage of the abscess and administration of
antibiotics. The choice of antibiotic is related to the polymicrobial
growth of aspirate cultures, leading to prescriptions of co-amoxiclav,
or metronidazole in addition to phenoxymethylpenicillin. However there
is little evidence to support this. Objectives The aim of this review
was to assess clinical effectiveness of phenoxymethylpenicillin vs
phenoxymethylpenicillin plus anaerobic cover in the management of
peritonsillar abscess. Design/Setting A systematic review of literature
and clinical trial databases in accordance with the PRISMA 2020
statement. Studies were screened for eligibility by two independent
reviewers. Main outcome measure Three studies were included, two
comparing oral penicillin to oral penicillin plus metronidazole, one
comparing IM/oral penicillin to IM/oral sulbactam-ampicillin. Clinical
outcomes were assessed in all, including recurrence rate, symptom
improvement and duration of pyrexia. Results There was no significant
difference in any clinical outcome across all studies between the two
groups. One study found a significant increase in diarrhoea and vomiting
as a side effect in the group receiving metronidazole plus penicillin
compared to penicillin alone (p=0.01). Conclusion On reviewing the
literature, no significant clinical benefit has been demonstrated in the
addition of either metronidazole or more broad-spectrum antibiotic cover
compared to oral penicillin monotherapy for peritonsillar abscess when
combined with incision and drainage protocols. Moreover, unnecessary
broad-spectrum antibiotics contribute to increased side effects, costs,
and antimicrobial resistance.
Rapid evolution of a bacterial parasite during outbreaks in two Daphnia populations
Authors: Shaw Clara , Duffy Meghan
Published: October 2022

Myriad ecological and evolutionary factors can influence whether a
particular parasite successfully transmits to a new host during a
disease outbreak, with consequences for the structure and diversity of
parasite populations. However, even though the diversity and evolution
of parasite populations is of clear fundamental and applied importance,
we have surprisingly few studies that track how genetic structure of
parasites changes during naturally occurring outbreaks in non-human
populations. Here, we used population genetic approaches to reveal how
genotypes of a bacterial parasite, Pasteuria ramosa, change over time,
focusing on how infecting P. ramosa genotypes change during the course
of epidemics in Daphnia populations in two lakes. We found evidence for
genetic change – and, therefore, evolution – of the parasite during
outbreaks. In one lake, P. ramosa genotypes structured by sampling date;
in both lakes, genetic distance between groups of P. ramosa isolates
increased with time between sampling. Diversity in parasite populations
remained constant over epidemics, though one epidemic (which was large)
had low genetic diversity while the other epidemic (which was small) had
high genetic diversity. Our findings demonstrate that patterns of
parasite evolution differ between outbreaks; future studies exploring
the feedbacks between epidemic size, host diversity, and parasite
genetic diversity would improve our understanding of parasite dynamics
and evolution.
Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and cardiac MRI visualization of an unusual etiology of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; in an adult patient with Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Demirtola Ayse , Inan Duygu , Pamuk Özlem , tugrul sevil , Mammadli Anar , Kayalar Nihan , kılıçgedik alev
Published: October 2022

A 54-year old woman with history of hypertension was admitted our
hospital with NYHA class 2-3 dyspnea. Fifteen years ago, she had primum
atrial septal defect repair, septal myectomy and anterior mitral leaflet
repair. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a 112 mmHg gradient at
rest in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), suggesting the
subaortic membrane. When transesophageal echocardiography was performed,
it was observed that there was no subaortic membrane, but tunnel-type
obstruction due to septal bulging in the left ventricular outflow tract.
It was understood that this obstruction also contributed to the
abnormally located papillary muscle, which is directly connected to the
anterior mitral leaflet. The patient was evaluated as partial type
Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) with a history of previous
operation, anomaly of the anatomy of LVOT and atrioventricular valves,
and other available findings, and the patient underwent mitral valve
replacement with septal myectomy. After the operation, the lvot gradient
decreased, the symptoms of the patient regressed and the patient was
followed up medically.
Left ventricular hypertrophy findings on ECG predicts impaired left atrial functions
Authors: Karagöz Uğur , Eren Nihan Kahya , Özdemir Emre , Emren Sadik , Tokac Mehmet
Published: October 2022

Background: Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy
(ECG LVH) has a prognostic value for cardiovascular diseases.
Pathological processes that cause development of left ventricular
hypertrophy (LVH) also leads to remodeling and dysfunction of the left
atrium (LA). Atrial functions can be evaluated by 2D speckle tracking
echocardiography. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether the ECG
LVH is associated with left atrial strain. Methods: Sixty two
patients with LVH according to echocardiographic left ventricle mass
index were included in the study. ECG LVH was defined according to:
Sokolow- Lyon voltage
S+R/R>35mm;
Cornell voltage R+SV>28
mm (for men) >20mm (for women); or Cornell product
(S+R+(for women 8 mm)) x QRS
duration)>2440 mmxms criteria. Patients were categorised
into two groups according to presence or absence of ECG LVH. Association
between left atrial strain values and ECG findings were evaluated.
Results: The mean age of the patients were 58.3±10.1 years;
40.3% were women; 91,9% had hypertension; 35.5% had diabetes.
Nineteen patients (30.6%) had ECG LVH according to Sokolow-Lyon
voltage, Cornell voltage or Cornell product. Left atrial reservoir,
conduit and contraction strains were significantly lower in patients
with ECG LVH (p<0.001). Additionally, there was statistically
significant correlation between all three phases of left atrial strain
values and presence of Sokolow-Lyon voltage (reservoir phase r:-0.389
p<0.01; conduit phase, r:-0.273 p<0.05; contraction
phase r:-0.359 p<0.01) Cornell voltage (reservoir phase
r:-0.49 p<0.001; conduit phase r:-0.432 p<0.001;
contraction phase r:-0. 339 p<0.01) Cornell product (reservoir
phase r:-0.471 p<0.001; conduit phase r:-0.387
p<0.01; contraction phase r:-0.362 p<0.01).
Conclusion: ECG LVH was associated with left atrial strain and
therefore it can be a useful tool to predict left atrial dysfunction.
Individual variation in spawning migration timing in a salmonid fish---exploring roles of environmental and social cues
Authors: 福島 路生 , Rand Peter
Published: October 2022

1. Describing and explaining patterns of individual animal behaviors in
situ, and their repeatability over the annual cycle, is an emerging
field in ecology owing largely to advances in tagging technology. 2. We
describe individual movements of adult Sakhalin taimen Parahucho
perryi, an endangered salmonid fish, in the headwaters of a river in
northern Japan during the spring spawning season over two years. 3.
Migration timing, separated into stages prior to, during, and following
the spawning period, was found to be more consistent and repeatable for
females than males. 4. We hypothesized that the observed coordinated
movement within seasons, and repeatability in migration timing across
seasons, could result from 1) individual-specific responsiveness
resulting from endogenous, biological traits that are mediated by
environmental factors, or 2) social interactions among comigrating
individuals. 5. We found that water temperature and water level
experienced by fish near the river mouth approximately a week before
arrival at the spawning ground explained variability in run timing
between years for females but not males. 6. We found no evidence of
conspecific attraction or repulsion resulting from social interactions
among the spawners and post-spawners. 7. We conclude that
individual-specific responsiveness to environmental cues was the likely
mechanism underpinning the observed migration timing and movement
patterns. 8. Determining the importance of these environmental and
social factors not only during spawning but also during non-breeding
life-history stages would contribute to a more comprehensive
understanding of migratory connectivity in this species.
The Effectiveness of Egg-Shell Collage Media in Improving Fine-Motor Skill of Children Age 5-6 Years at Mekar Sari Early Childhood Education
Authors: Zaini Mawaddah , Ismaniar Ismaniar
Published: October 2022

This research is motivated by the low development of children's motor skills in PAUD Mekar Sari, this is caused by many factors, one of which is thought to be because of uninteresting media, thus making children bored in learning. The selection of learning media is one of the ways to achieve learning objectives, especially in improving children's motor skills, especially fine motor skills. This study aims to determine the ability to increase the effectiveness of the use of eggshell collage media in improving the fine motor skills of children aged 5-6 years at PAUD Mekar Sari. This type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method with pretest and posttest designs. The population of this study is 15 children aged 5-6 years at PAUD Mekar Sari for the academic year 2021-2022, with a research sample of 15 children taken by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used paired sample t-test. The results showed that before being given the action (pretest) the children's fine motor skills were categorized as starting to develop, after being given the action (posttest) the children's fine motor skills were categorized as developing and there was an influence of eggshell collage media on fine motor skills in children. Sig 0.000 < 0.05, it is recommended for parents and teachers to use eggshell collage media in improving children's fine motor skills.Keywords: Eggshell Collage Media, Fine Motor Ability
Penentuan Arah Kiblat dengan Posisi Matahari di Pusat Ibu Kota Kabupaten Lampung
Authors: Jamil A , Sakirman Sakirman , Ardliansyah Moelki Fahmi
Published: October 2022

Facing the Qibla is one part of the requirements for prayer that must be sought. But in fact, there are still many mosques and places of worship for Muslims that do not face the Qibla. This paper examines the method of determining the direction of the center of the district capital city in Lampung by utilizing the shadows of the sun reflected by an object. The use of sunlight in determining the Qibla direction with this model is known as raṣd al-qiblah. The center of the capital city of Lampung district which is used as a sample for determining the direction of the Qibla is expected to all districts have the same calculation results can refer to the center of the district capital. So that the schedule for the implementation of raṣd al-qiblah in the district capital center in Lampung can be used by the districts within it. This type of research is a field research using a descriptive- analytical model that describes the determination of the Qibla direction  with the position of the sun as the main benchmark. The use of tools in determining the Qibla direction is also used as a verification medium. Raṣd al-qiblah time is the transit time of the sun over the Ka’bah which is generally applicable to the coordinates of the district capitals in all sub-districts provided that the raṣd al-qiblah time interval is not outside the Qiblah azimuth path or not more than the tolerance threshold value. The results of a study of the three district capital centers in Lampung show that the timing of the implementation of raṣd al-qiblah for the districts that cover the three district capital centers has a time difference, although not significant.
Menakar Ulang Diskursus Menstruasi: Kajian atas Aturan Puasa bagi Perempuan Haid dalam Fikih sebagai Upaya Menghapus Stereotype dan Menstrual Taboo
Authors: Nuroniyah Wardah
Published: October 2022

The issue of menstruation has attracted a lot of attention from fiqh scholars to discuss it, because the scholars have tried to eradicate and abolish the myths surrounding menstruation that have existed for a long time. But if we want to take a closer look at the stipulations, more or less there are still stereotypes in treating menstruating women, although there are still debates in it. The explanation in fiqh still causes ambiguity in the argument why menstruating women are prohibited from fasting, is there still a misogynistic assumption about menstruation in fiqh, so that menstruating women are not allowed to fast? From this point of view, it is necessary to re-examine why menstruating women are prohibited from fasting, because the scholars of fiqh do not provide sufficient studies on various implications arising from the existence of the menstrual cycle, except for a global explanation of all the prohibitions that must be avoided for women menstruating. In the book of fiqh it is explained that fasting is forbidden for menstruating women because fasting is pure worship. This study concludes that by looking at the physical conditions experienced by menstruating women in general, the prohibition of menstruating women from fasting can be understood as people who are sick who get relief to break their fast for the benefit of and maintain their health. So the prohibition of a menstruating woman from fasting is a relief (rukhsah) from God to maintain the stability of her body, and it does not mean a prohibition, considering that the condition of a menstruating woman's body is not the same.
ТОКСИЧНЫЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ В ПРОМЫСЛОВЫХ ВИДАХ Р. АМУР: АККУМУЛЯЦИЯ И РИСКИ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Authors: Бизбородов Вячеслав Олегович , Гамов Матвей Константинович , Донец Максим Михайлович , Петишкина Виктория Дмитриевна , Цыганков Василий Юрьевич
Published: October 2022

Приведены данные по содержанию свинца, кадмия мышьяка в органах и тканях промысловых рыб: карасе серебряном (Carassius gibelio), толстолобике белом (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) и верхогляде (Chanodichthys erythropterus) р. Амур. Показано, что концентрации токсичных элементов в рыбах соответствуют санитарным нормам. Исключением является содержание свинца в печени, гонадах и икре карася серебряного, превышающие допустимые уровни для пищевой продукции. Расчеты риска для здоровья населения показали, что рыбы, выловленные в р. Амур, представляют опасность в отношении острого отравления и риска развития рака из расчета потребления рыбы 29 кг/год.

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Teknik Edible Coating dengan menggunakan Campuran Gel Lidah Buaya dan Ekstrak Daun Psidium guajava L. untuk Mempertahankan Sifat Fisikokimia Buah Jambu Biji
Authors: Refilda Refilda , Riga Habib Ngestu  , Emil Salim  , Yefrida
Published: October 2022

The synthetic chemicals is a common substance used to extend the shelf life of postharvest fruit. But it can have health impact. The use of edible coatings from natural ingredients has begun to be developed. Modification of aloe vera gel by guava leaf extract as the edible coating to increase guava fruit shelf life has not been reported yet. Guava fruit coated by several compositions of aloe vera gel and guava leaf extract have been carried out. Observations on physichochemical in fruit on the days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 were evaluated. The best quality found on guava fruit treated with the compotition of aloe vera gel:ethanol guava leaf extract: CMC:glycerol (90: 5:0.25: 0.5) on the day 15. It had a weight loss of 9.88%, a spoilage of 3.33%, the decrease of water content 11.61%, titratable acidity 0.5%, total antioxidant 1.08 mg AA/g FW, total phenolic 0.51 mg GAE/g FW, and increase of total dissolved solids 3.01 oBrix. This result was significantly better than the uncoated fruit. It can be concluded that guava leaf extract can be used to maintain the physicochemical properties during storage.