bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social and Nonsocial Autism Symptom Domains in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Insights into Their Symptomatological Interplay
Authors: Mack Judith T. , Wolff Nicole , Kohls Gregor , Becker Andreas , Stroth Sanna , Poustka Luise , Kamp-Becker Inge , Roessner Veit
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) share overlapping symptomatology, particularly with regard to social impairments (including peer relationship difficulties), and they frequently co-occur. However, the nature of their co-occurrence remains unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the nature of the transdiagnostic link between ASD and ADHD from a symptomatological point of view measured with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS Module 3) and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Methods: We analyzed the social and nonsocial ASD symptom domain scores from both diagnostic instruments in 4 clinically referred groups (i.e., ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD, and no psychiatric diagnosis) without other co-occurring mental disorders using a two-by-two full-factorial MANOVA design with the factors ASD (yes/no) and ADHD (yes/no). Results: We found no ASD by ADHD interaction effects across all symptom domain scores of ADOS and ADI-R, except for ADOS imagination/creativity. There were only main effects of the factor ASD but no main effects of ADHD. Follow-up contrasts showed that exclusively, ASD had an impact on the measured symptomatology in case of co-occurring ASD + ADHD. Conclusion: Overall, the results support an additive model of the symptomatology across areas of communication, social interaction, and stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests in case of the co-occurrence of ASD and ADHD when assessed with ADOS/ADI-R. Thus, one can assume that the phenotypic overlap of ASD + ADHD may be less complicated than suspected – at least with regard to ASD symptomatology – and that in the presence of ADHD, ASD symptomatology is generally well measurable with best-practice diagnostic instruments.
Chronic Glucocorticoids Consumption Triggers and Worsens Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Pathology by Detrimental Immune Modulations
Authors: Canet Geoffrey , Zussy Charleine , Hernandez Célia , Chevallier Nathalie , Marchi Nicola , Desrumaux Catherine , Givalois Laurent
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Among the risk factors identified in the sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), environmental and lifestyle elements are of growing interest. Clinical observations suggest that stressful events can anticipate AD onset, while stress-related disorders can promote AD. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a chronic treatment with glucocorticoids is sufficient to trigger or exacerbate AD molecular hallmarks. Methods: We first validated a rat model of experimental chronic glucocorticoids (GC) consumption (corticosterone [CORT] in drinking water for 4 weeks). Then, to evaluate the consequences of chronic GC consumption on the onset of amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity, animals chronically treated with GC were intracerebroventricularly injected with an oligomeric solution of Aβ25–35 (oAβ) (acute model of AD). We evaluated AD-related cognitive deficits and pathogenic mechanisms, with a special emphasis on neuroinflammatory markers. Results: Chronic CORT consumption caused the inhibition of the nonamyloidogenic pathways, the impairment of Aβ clearance processes and the induction of amyloidogenic pathways in the hippocampus. The principal enzymes involved in glucocorticoid receptor activation and Tau phosphorylation were upregulated. Importantly, the AD-like phenotype triggered by chronic CORT was analogous to the one caused by oAβ. These molecular commonalities across models were independent from inflammation, as chronic CORT was immunosuppressive while oAβ was pro-inflammatory. When chronic CORT consumption anticipated the induction of the oAβ pathology, we found a potentiation of neuroinflammatory processes associated with an exacerbation of synaptic and memory deficits but also an aggravation of AD-related hallmarks. Discussion/Conclusion: This study unravels new functional outcomes identifying chronic CORT consumption as a main risk factor for AD and suggests that glucocorticoid-based therapies should be prescribed with caution in populations with AD risk.
Criando pontes entre identidade, cultura e nação: o uso de Freire no intercâmbio estudantil em Gana
Authors: Steeves H. Leslie
Published: December 2021

Este ensaio mostra como a pedagogia de Paulo Freire tem informado um intercâmbio anual imersivo e de longa duração de estudantes de jornalismo e comunicação da Universidade de Oregon, EUA, em Gana, África Ocidental. Os alunos são diversos por classe econômica, identidade racial e étnica, gênero, sexualidade, deficiência e formação cultural. Eles são duplamente desafiados a viver juntos e a trabalhar em diferentes estágios em um ambiente cultural desconhecido, ao lado de ganeses, enquanto completam tarefas e atingem resultados de aprendizagem do programa. Os conceitos e métodos de Freire buscam quebrar barreiras entre professores e alunos e capacitar todos os participantes ao mesmo tempo em que os engajam na formação educativa.
A cidade sob “títulos”: das notícias aos livros notariais da propriedade imobiliária na capital parahybana (1910-1930)
Authors: Lucena Wilma Guedes de
Published: December 2021

Este artigo propõe um conjunto de fontes históricas que ajudam a identificar e desvendar práticas financeirizadas na produção das cidades nas primeiras décadas dos novecentos, incluindo cidades periféricas como a Parahyba. Essas práticas se basearam em instrumentos jurídicos e financeiros criados naquele momento histórico, voltados ao mercado de crédito e que envolviam, entre outros bens, a propriedade imobiliária. Os referidos instrumentos – letras hipotecárias, títulos de empréstimo ou de ações, entre outros – se desdobravam de escrituras públicas registradas nos livros notariais dos cartórios e eram estampados em anúncios e notícias dos jornais da época. Aqui, são tratados não apenas pelas informações e dados empíricos que nos fornecem, mas também como instrumentos do processo de mobilização da cidade como mercadoria.
Reflexões sobre antropologia e liberdade política em Ludwig Feuerbach
Authors: Bittencourt Antônio Adriano de Meneses
Published: December 2021

O artigo expõe o pensamento antropológico de Ludwig Feuerbach na dimensão da política, enfatizando que sua crítica à religião, para além da redução do objeto religioso à subjetividade, sustenta contornos políticos em favor da autodeterminação dos homens. Nesse contexto, reflete-se sobre o tema da liberdade e suas condições para que seja efetiva. Em articulação às ideias do filósofo, fazemos uma breve incursão na história evocando a crítica de José Carlos Mariátegui (1894-1930) quanto ao processo de abertura política no Peru, analisando a questão indígena enquanto marcada pela diferença entre o singular modo de viver desses povos frente aos desafios postos pela república, um dilema cujos pressupostos descortinamos a partir de Feuerbach e que persiste no debate político atual concernente à legitimidade das diferentes formas de organização social e política.
Radiogenomics and Artificial Intelligence Approaches Applied to Cardiac Computed Tomography Angiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Precision Medicine in Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Infante Teresa , Cavaliere Carlo , Punzo Bruna , Grimaldi Vincenzo , Salvatore Marco , Napoli Claudio
Published: December 2021

The risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) clinical manifestations and patient management is estimated according to risk scores accounting multifactorial risk factors, thus failing to cover the individual cardiovascular risk. Technological improvements in the field of medical imaging, in particular, in cardiac computed tomography angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance protocols, laid the development of radiogenomics. Radiogenomics aims to integrate a huge number of imaging features and molecular profiles to identify optimal radiomic/biomarker signatures. In addition, supervised and unsupervised artificial intelligence algorithms have the potential to combine different layers of data (imaging parameters and features, clinical variables and biomarkers) and elaborate complex and specific CHD risk models allowing more accurate diagnosis and reliable prognosis prediction. Literature from the past 5 years was systematically collected from PubMed and Scopus databases, and 60 studies were selected. We speculated the applicability of radiogenomics and artificial intelligence through the application of machine learning algorithms to identify CHD and characterize atherosclerotic lesions and myocardial abnormalities. Radiomic features extracted by cardiac computed tomography angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance showed good diagnostic accuracy for the identification of coronary plaques and myocardium structure; on the other hand, few studies exploited radiogenomics integration, thus suggesting further research efforts in this field. Cardiac computed tomography angiography resulted the most used noninvasive imaging modality for artificial intelligence applications. Several studies provided high performance for CHD diagnosis, classification, and prognostic assessment even though several efforts are still needed to validate and standardize algorithms for CHD patient routine according to good medical practice.
“But Such a Mind, Mak’st God Thy Guest”
Authors: Hrdlicka Steven
Published: December 2021

Ben Jonson’s Eupheme poems and Anthony van Dyck’s portrait of Venetia Digby as Prudence have often been seen as art works fiercely at odds, and that particularly Jonson’s overall brash dismissal of the visual arts is epitomized in his poems in praise of Venetia’s life. Yet ample evidence within Eupheme supports the idea that not only are Jonson’s poems in peculiar ekphrastic conversations with Van Dyck’s painting but that Jonson conceives of the ekphrasis as a device for guiding viewers and readers into rare contemplative poetic spaces. The nature of the interplay between Van Dyck’s painting and Jonson’s poems shares similarities to how Jonson conceived of the courtly masque as a cooperative, unitive experience of visual and verbal elements. In addition, the influence of emblems of Alciato on Jonson’s poetry is instructive in this regard, as these emblems exhibit a cooperative interplay between discrete visual and verbal (body and soul) elements. Issues arising from the artistic cooperative interplay between the body and the soul are linked to the Catholic theology of prudence through the subject of both Jonson and Van Dyck’s works. Specific Catholic contexts hitherto not considered are suggested for both the painting and poems, and especially Jonson’s poem “To My Muse” (the last poem in Eupheme), but these theological contexts are also established in relation to the two titles of Jonson’s poems, which take for their subject Venetia’s body and mind. Furthermore, various loose ends such as the dating of Van Dyck’s painting and the idea that Sir Kenlem had commissioned it to reconstruct Venetia Digby’s reputation are brought up and considered throughout the essay with an eye to these contexts.
Medicine, God, and the Unseen in Eleventh/Seventeenth-Century Morocco
Authors: Stearns Justin
Published: December 2021

In the late seventeenth century, the head of the Salihiyya Sufi lodge in the far south of Morocco, Abu al-ʿAbbas Sidi Ahmad al-Salihi al-Dar‘i (d. 1144/1731), wrote a poem of over a thousand lines on medicine, a long composition that went on to enjoy great popularity. The Worthy Gift of Medicine (al-Hadiya al-maqbula fi l-tibb) drew on a wide range of sources, including the Arab-Galenic tradition and Prophetic medicine, and in the fashion of the time, al-Salihi wrote a long commentary to fully explain it. Al-Salihi’s medical writings thus provide a productive entry point into the nature of medical writing and practice in early modern Morocco, as well as the historiographical narratives that have structured the ways in which they have been studied.
Beyond the Duality of Normativity and Pragmatism
Authors: Grimmel Andreas , Gurol Julia
Published: December 2021

One of the EU’s key foreign policy objectives is to promote the values enshrined in its treaties, such as democracy, the rule of law and human rights. The EU’s self-conception of being a “rule maker” rather than a “rule taker” in international relations, however, is increasingly contested both by internal (e.g., democratic backsliding or a general tendency towards nationalist politics) as well as external challenges (e.g., the return of bilateralism or the rise of new actors). China’s Belt and Road Initiative (bri) is often understood as the most serious opposition on the external side to the EU’s model of international cooperation and global governance, in that it promotes a pragmatic instead of a norm-based approach, at least at first glance. The Chinese foreign policy model that the bri reflects, explicitly favours open membership, flexibility and economic gains over multilateral institutions and norm-based action. By drawing on original interviews and analysing central policy documents, this article shows how the juxtaposition of normativity and pragmatism has shaped the political and academic discourse on the EU’s foreign policy and idea of global governance. It argues that this duality of normativity versus pragmatism is misleading because it overlooks the fact that the EU and China both (a) constitute the framework for a certain practice and (b) are rooted in practice. Drawing on Kagan’s cultural thesis of foreign policy, it questions the real meaning of this juxtaposition and applies a practice-based reading to the EU’s and China’s modes of foreign policy making. The article further shows that scrutinising foreign policy through the prism of practice can provide a more context-sensitive and encompassing understanding of how the EU and China construct their foreign policies as well as of possible conflicts that arise from them.
The Treatment of Cultural Services in Latin American Countries’ Trade Agreements
Authors: Gagné Gilbert , Ducasse Delphine
Published: December 2021

Cultural products (including goods and services) encompass visual, performing and literary arts as well as newspapers, magazines, books, movies, video and music recordings, radio and television, and now multimedia. To the extent that they are associated with the cultural identity of various States, their treatment in international trade has been debated as to whether, or the extent to which, they should be exempted from trade regulations. The proliferation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) has further complexified this debate. The article summarizes the provisions relating to cultural services in Latin American PTAs and discusses the scope of these provisions, notably in light of the cultural policy measures involved and States’ ability to conduct cultural policies. The focus is on Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru as these are the leading countries in the negotiation of PTAs in Latin America as regards the number of agreements and the scope of cultural provisions.
Does International Law Need a Conscience? Evaluating the India–South Africa Proposal to Suspend TRIPS Obligations and the COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Thampapillai Dilan , Wall Sam
Published: December 2021

There is undoubtedly a consensus within the international community that ‘vaccine nationalism’ is an undesirable state of affairs. However, states are self-interested actors and in the absence of constraints imposed by international economic law this pursuit of rational self-interest is likely to result in an outcome that is unjust on a global scale. The recent proposal by India and South Africa to suspend TRIPS obligations for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic has been rejected within the WTO. This proposal constitutes a recognition of the inadequacies surrounding the TRIPS compulsory licensing scheme. Yet, the immersion of intellectual property law within international investment law together with the proliferation of free trade agreements containing TRIPS-plus obligations would likely have made such a proposal unworkable. We argue that the fundamental problem is that the TRIPS Agreement lacks a defined concept of conscience that governs both its operation and interpretation. Such a principle exists in the common law within the field of private law. The principle, in its various doctrinal iterations, navigates the tensions between different parties while serving an underlying purpose of justice within the common law. It has much to offer international intellectual property law.
Newly discovered tetraploid Fagopyrum homotropicum in Tibet, China
Authors: DING MENGQI , ZHANG KAIXUAN , TANG YU , WANG JUNZHEN , LI FALIANG , YANG KELI , WEN WEN , ZHOU MEILIANG
Published: December 2021

A cryptic species of Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae), F. homotropicum, is described and illustrated from Mangkang county, Tibet, China. F. homotropicum was firstly discovered in the 90’s, being to be diploid and characterized being a self-pollinating taxon. Detailed information of F. homotropiucm was rarely reported. In this paper, we summarized the morphological and karyological characters of tetraploid form F. homotropiucm (2n=4x=32), it is self-pollinating, and morphology indistinguishable in comparison from the diploid form.
Typification of the name of the Scotch elm Ulmus glabra (Ulmaceae)
Authors: FERRER-GALLEGO PEDRO PABLO , FABADO JAVIER
Published: December 2021

N/A
ASA Physical Status Classification and Complications Following Facial Fracture Repair
Authors: Thepmankorn Parisorn , Choi Chris B. , Haimowitz Sean Z. , Parray Aksha , Grube Jordon G. , Fang Christina H. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: December 2021

Background:

To investigate the association between American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification and rates of postoperative complications in patients undergoing facial fracture repair.

Methods:

Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on the ASA classification system: Class I/II and Class III/IV. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for univariate analyses. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the independent associations of covariates on postoperative complication rates.

Results:

A total of 3575 patients who underwent facial fracture repair with known ASA classification were identified. Class III/IV patients had higher rates of deep surgical site infection ( P = .012) as well as bleeding, readmission, reoperation, surgical, medical, and overall postoperative complications ( P < .001). Multivariate regression analysis found that Class III/IV was significantly associated with increased length of stay ( P < .001) and risk of overall complications ( P = .032). Specifically, ASA Class III/IV was associated with increased rates of deep surgical site infection ( P = .049), postoperative bleeding ( P = .036), and failure to wean off ventilator ( P = .027).

Conclusions:

Higher ASA class is associated with increased length of hospital stay and odds of deep surgical site infection, bleeding, and failure to wean off of ventilator following facial fracture repair. Surgeons should be aware of the increased risk for postoperative complications when performing facial fracture repair in patients with high ASA classification.
Foreign ownership and centralized collective bargaining: Direct and indirect influences
Authors: Jirjahn Uwe
Published: December 2021

Using firm-level data from Germany, this study examines the link between foreign ownership and the coverage by centralized (multi-employer) bargaining agreements. Conforming to theoretical considerations, the empirical analysis shows that it is important to distinguish between a direct and an indirect influence of foreign ownership on centralized collective bargaining. The direct influence of foreign ownership lowers the probability that a firm is covered by a centralized agreement. The indirect influence works through the unionization of the workforce. If the size of the firm does not exceed a critical level, the indirect influence counteracts the direct influence. Foreign ownership leads to a higher share of union members which, in turn, has a positive influence on the coverage by a centralized agreement. However, in very large firms the indirect influence appears to be negative. Foreign ownership is associated with a lower share of union members.
Perceived Control, Preventative Health Behaviors, and the Mental Health of Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kondo Akiko , Abuliezi Renaguli , Naruse Kazuko , Oki Tomomi , Niitsu Kosuke , Ezeonwu Mabel C.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Perceived control is an individual’s subjective beliefs about the amount of control he or she has over the environment or outcome. Objective: To examine the relationship between perceived control, preventive health behaviors, and mental health effects of undergraduate nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional correlational study used online self-administered questionnaires. Participants were nursing students attending 3 universities in Tokyo, Japan. Relationships among variables were quantitatively analyzed using linear regressions and a structural equation modeling after adjusting for demographic factors. Results: A total of 557 students participated in the survey. The analysis indicated that higher levels of perceived control were significantly related to higher levels of preventive health behaviors. Although higher preventive health behaviors were related to negative mental health effects, higher levels of perceived health competence translated to improved mental health effects. Perceived control was not directly related to mental health effects but positively related to perceived health competence. Long work hours per week and short hours of sleep per day were associated with lower preventive health behaviors. There were significant differences in the levels of perceived control and preventive health behaviors among students at the 3 universities. Discussion: To improve health behaviors and health competence and subsequently alleviate the mental health effects caused by strictly adhering to recommended health behaviors, students may be supported by the strategies that increase their perceived control. In addition to institutional support, students also require adequate sleep and financial stability to help prevent infections while protecting their mental health.
Predicting Future Utilization Using Self-Reported Health and Health Conditions in a Longitudinal Cohort Study: Implications for Health Insurance Decision Support
Authors: Barker Abigail R. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Peters Ellen , Huang Kristine , Politi Mary C.
Published: December 2021

Decision support techniques and online algorithms aim to help individuals predict costs and facilitate their choice of health insurance coverage. Self-reported health status (SHS), whereby patients rate their own health, could improve cost-prediction estimates without requiring individuals to share personal health information or know about undiagnosed conditions. We compared the predictive accuracy of several models: (1) SHS only, (2) a “basic” model adding health-related variables, and (3) a “full” model adding measures of healthcare access. The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was used to predict 2015 health expenditures from 2014 data. Relative performance was assessed by comparing adjusted-R2 values and by reporting the predictive accuracy of the models for a new cohort (2015–2016 data). In the SHS-only model, those with better SHS were less likely to incur expenditures. However, after accounting for health variables, those with better SHS were more likely to incur expenses. In the full model, SHS was no longer predictive of incurring expenses. Variables indicating better access to care were associated with higher likelihood of spending and higher spending. The full model ( R2 = 0.290) performed slightly better than the basic model ( R2 = 0.240), but neither performed well at the upper tail of the cost distribution. While our SHS-based models perform well in the aggregate, predicting population-level risk well, they are not sufficiently accurate to guide individuals’ insurance shopping decisions in all cases. Policies that rely heavily on health insurance consumers making individually optimal choices cannot assume that decision tools can accurately anticipate high costs.
Dual Citizenship
Authors: Turnbull Sandy
Published: December 2021

This article by Sandy Turnbull, whose parents have been missionaries in Haiti for 20 years, is published because it offers an unusually perceptive firsthand account of the experience of dual cultural citizenship. The experience of moments of full integration in each of the cultures involved, alternating with times of conscious or unconscious alienation, seems to be typical of the life of missionary children who have genuinely participated in the life of the people among whom their parents work, as the editor can testify from personal experience. It is significant that Sandy does not mix his two worlds, but keeps them in distinct compartments of his psychological life. Of course, the experience of missionary children who live a life insulated from their field surroundings is quite different, though by no means free of problems which may be actually more serious than those faced by Sandy. It is hoped that the article will help missionaries understand the feelings of their own children. Missions executives will find here food for thought as they counsel missionary parents. And, of course, those interested in the effects on personality of the confrontation of two internalized cultures will also find here some significant insights.
Polygamy as a Missionary Problem: The Anthropological Issues
Authors: Tippet Alan R.
Published: December 2021

The following article is reprinted by permission from the Church Growth Bulletin, Vol. V, No. 4 (March, 1969). Other articles in the same issue by Donald A. McGavran, Ralph D. Winter, and Kenneth N. Taylor also deal with polygyny. Copies of the special issue of Church Growth Bulletin may be ordered (50 ¢ per copy, or three for $100) from The Business Manager, Mr. Norman Cummings, 265 Lytton Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94301, U.S.A.
Religious Conversion and Social Change: A Northern Luzon Case
Authors: Bacdayan Albert S.
Published: December 2021

The author traces historically the different stages of missionary endeavor, progressive acceptance of the message with a measure of syncretism and reinterpretation and gradual social change, resulting after a period of conflict in a reintegration of Christians in the community.
Christianity and Social Change in South India
Authors: Wiebe Paul D.
Published: December 2021

The original evangelization of Peddur reached in particular one family, which fact has conditioned the entire subsequent history of Christianity in this community. Other conditioning factors were the acceptance of the message by those who would gain socially thereby and the popular identification of missionaries with British administrators. With decreasing moral support from foreign agencies, the Christian community in Peddur is being forced back into traditional social patterns of caste, etc., with which it earlier had come into conflict, and it is losing much of its spiritual vitality; and ideological conflicts with Hinduism have not been resolved creatively.
Themes in African Traditional Belief and Ritual
Authors: Welton Michael R.
Published: December 2021

The author presents a critical survey of the literature, both in terms of field reports and theoretical constructs, which is relevant to African Traditional Religion in the areas of belief in divinity and the nature of divinity (one or many?), the significance of ancestors, and witchcraft and sorcery. Both the great variety of particular beliefs and certain underlying regularities are highlighted.
The Missionary and the Concept of Scope
Authors: Hardin Daniel C.
Published: December 2021

One of the major problems facing missionaries is interpersonal clashes. The author suggests borrowing Etzioni's concept of “scope” to explain one reason for this situation. This is defined as “the number of activities carried out jointly by the same set of participants.” Missionaries, both because of their common religious orientation and because of their foreignness, tend to cluster together and to have broad scope. But studies have shown that broad scope exacerbates interpersonal irritations and does not allow their dissipation in neutral activities. The author suggests that missionaries should therefore increase participation in activities off the mission station and with other persons than their fellow missionaries. One effect of such an approach might be to increase their impact on the surrounding society.
Local Church Government among the iKalahan
Authors: Rice Delbert
Published: December 2021

Traditionally, decisions among the iKalahan (North Luzon, Philippines) are made by the entire community in open conference. Elders, chosen for maturity, civic-mindedness, activity, memory, good public relations, cooperativeness, and dependability, formulate community decisions and assist in settling disputes. Mutual moral support is strong, and community disapproval and removal of support is a powerful means of social control. When the United Church of Christ in the Philippines came on the scene (1954), it brought its own Western-type Book of Government. But the prescribed representative structures were rejected by the iKalahan in favor of open congregational meetings; church officers are task oriented and do not exercise much authority. Congregational nurture, as distinct from making decisions, is the province of specialists, which is in accord with tradition. Means of social control are also being evolved along traditional lines.
Polygny in the Christian Fold
Authors: Jeffreys M. D. W.
Published: December 2021

Taking his point of departure from a recent editorial in PA, the author adduces evidence from Josephus, the Mishnah, and other ancient and modern sources to show that polygyny was common in Jewish and neighboring cultures in biblical times. He also describes the cultural and social problems caused by the traditional strong ban on polygyny imposed by Christian missions.
How Real are Dreams?
Authors: Taber Floyd W.
Published: December 2021

This anecdote illustrates the fact that what a person believes affects him equally whether or not it is empirically “real”. When a man believes in the factual reality and maleficent intent of what he sees in a dream, the wise Christian, whatever his own beliefs, will respect and take seriously that man's beliefs.
Partners in Communication
Authors: Chaplin Joyce
Published: December 2021

The author at our request develops further some of the themes in her book, Adventure with a Pen (Kumasi, Ghana: Africa Christian Press, 1966) highlighting cultural aspects of producing Christian literature in developing countries. All books and booklets mentioned by way of illustration are also publications of Africa Christian Press (P.O. Box 30, Achimota, Ghana). Other articles by Joyce Chaplin on this topic include “Finding and Developing National Writers” Lit-Tec, (spring, 1969); “More than a Handful of Seeds,” Interlit (June, 1968); and “Portraits of Four African Writers,” The Christian and Christianity Today (December, 1968).
The Sōka Gakkai: A Religious Phoenix
Authors: Yamamori Tetsunao
Published: December 2021

The phenomenal growth of Sōka Gakkai in postwar Japan is analyzed in terms of creed, cult, code, and organization. The creed is simple, utilitarian, tradition-oriented, eschatological, and nationalistic. Cult increases the sense of belonging and personal worth and emphasizes making converts. The this-worldly, egalitarian moral code gives even persons from the lowest classes a sense of worth. A complex interlocking network of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal groupings permits maximum participation and minimizes leakage. The Christian church should learn from this sect to reach all groups in society, to emphasize Christian joy, to foster every-member witnessing, to mobilize the laity and develop multiple leadership, and to encourage whole-family conversion.
Some Uses of the Past: Traditions and Social Change
Authors: Schwenk Richard L.
Published: December 2021

Traditions are strong beliefs which legitimate a social system and a culture. Though it would seem that traditions would invariably hinder creative social change, this is not so. A potential agent of change must understand well and respect the traditions of the people among whom he works, but he need not be paralyzed by them. Some traditions contain within themselves a justification for change. Some can be mobilized for development, some are merely irrelevant, some are inimical to change but can be attacked easily, others are inimical to change but must be handled very carefully.
The Liability Complex among the Chimbu Peoples of New Guinea
Authors: Irwin Barry
Published: December 2021

The basic concept of liability governs every facet of life in Chimbu (New Guinea) society. It reveals itself in major events such as marriage settlements, blood feuds, and house-building, as well as in ordinary community life, including daily meals. Once a gift has been given, the recipient has liability resting upon him until he fulfills his obligations to the giver. The foreigner who has received a “gift” of “free” services may incur the hostility of the giver if he fails to reciprocate later. This philosophy also affects Chimbu attitudes towards Christianity. When a clan feels it has paid enough for Christ's grace by attending church services and communion, it returns to its former way of life again.
Price Reversals After Extreme Price Shocks: Impact of Earnings Information With Time Series Evidence From Emerging Market
Authors: Saji T. G.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the relevance of earnings fundamentals in predicting extreme price reversals of an emerging stock market. We collect monthly price data on six sector indices from Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) of India for the period 2004–2019. The research decomposes industry stock returns into Potential Maximum Gains (PMG) and Potential Maximum Losses (PML) with price extremes at first and then tests price reversal behavior using Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and vector autoregressive (VAR) models. The study finds symmetry between PMG and PML in the banking, realty, and oil sectors, while the asymmetric reversal behavior is noted in the automobiles and capital goods industries. The presence of industry fundamentals in the models estimating the reversal behavior of share prices enhances their predictive power, which suggests the significance of value strategies in making gains from extreme price variations. The price reversal behavior is sector specific and found inconsistent in emerging market. Hence, the investors cannot overlook the relevance of the industry characteristics and earnings fundamentals while predicting the stock price behavior in emerging markets.
The Politics of Postgenomic Reproduction: Exploring Pregnant Narratives from within a Clinical Trial
Authors: Valdez Natali
Published: December 2021

There are more large-scale pregnancy trials that implement lifestyle interventions than ever before; yet, there is a dearth of information on pregnant peoples’ experiences in such trials. Contemporary lifestyle pregnancy trials draw on epigenetics and DOHaD research to design and justify prenatal interventions on the material environment to reduce health risks in future generations. This article draws on ethnographic data from a prenatal trial in the United Kingdom and focuses specifically on the experiences of pregnant participants during the intervention phase. In this article, I develop the politics of postgenomic reproduction as a feminist and critical race framework to examine the complex and mercurial stakes of contemporary pregnancy trials. I argue that narratives of control and responsibility in epigenetic models are echoed and preceded by participants’ own embodied experience. The pregnant narratives show at once how their bodies are exposed to unpredictable and uncontrollable environmental exposures and that they are required to respond as if they have absolute control and responsibility. Attending to trial participants’ narratives from a feminist and critical race framework reveals how individualized lifestyle interventions are deeply political and racial, and carry implications for how pregnancy trials influence postgenomic reproduction.
Performing cardiac surgery during COVID-19 pandemic in Surabaya, Indonesia: A single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Sembiring Yan Efrata , Puruhito Puruhito , Soebroto Heroe , Prasmono Agung , Hakim Arief Rakhman , Sediono Pribadi Oky Revianto , Suta Winarno Dhihintia Jiwangga , Limanto Danang Himawan , Akbar Erdyanto , Ledyastatin Rafaela Andira , Agustio Putra Hutabarat Muhammad Caesar Borni
Published: December 2021

Background

Healthcare workers are still the front liners in health care services, and have major roles during the COVID-19 pandemic. In a resource-limited country like Indonesia, it is necessary to provide safe screening and management both for patients and healthcare workers to minimize the transmission. We report our experience in the cardiac surgery department on how to provide safe management during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was performed in a single-tertiary-center cardiac surgery department in Surabaya and included all patients who underwent cardiac surgery during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also collected the patients from a 1-year period before the pandemic as the comparison data. Analysis of the patient characteristics, operative data, and postoperative outcome, was performed. This study also provides our experience in changes of admission in the cardiac surgery preoperative system that can be utilized for others.

Results

A total of 179 patients were admitted to and had cardiac surgery. Of these, 3.80% ( n = 7) were COVID-19 confirmed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Five patients were delayed to have cardiac surgery with no mortality or morbidity reported in these patients. During the period after changes of admission procedural in cardiac surgery patients, there were no healthcare workers infected by COVID-19 by patient transmission in our center (0%).

Conclusion

Our study reported a systematic screening and that possible delay in cardiac surgery appears to be feasible and safe, both for patients and for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Coloniality, Epistemic Imbalance, and Africa’s Emigration Crisis
Authors: Ude Donald Mark C.
Published: December 2021

The paper has two complementary objectives. First, it sustains an analysis of the concept of ‘coloniality’ that accounts for the epistemic imbalance in the modern world, demonstrating precisely how Africa is adversely affected, having been caught up in the throes of coloniality and its epistemic implications. Second – and complementarily – the paper attempts to bring this very concept of ‘coloniality’ into the discourse on Africa’s emigration crisis, arguing that Africa’s emigration crisis is traceable, inter alia, to the epistemic imbalance in the very structure of modernity. This imbalance results from the stifling of Africa’s epistemic resources under Western epistemic hegemony. Epistemic coloniality, of course interacting with some material factors, creates a sufficient condition for emigration. It is further theorized that the apparent lack of epistemic will on the part of Africans to mobilize some surviving epistemic resources to address some problems on their own is also a function of coloniality.
Clinical outcomes for Day 3 double cleavage-stage embryo transfers versus Day 5 or 6 single blastocyst transfer in frozen–thawed cycles: a retrospective comparative analysis
Authors: Rao Jinpeng , Qiu Feng , Tian Shen , Yu Ya , Zhang Ying , Gu Zheng , Cai Yiting , Jin Fan , Jin Min
Published: December 2021

Objective

This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes for transfer of Day 3 (D3) double cleavage-stage embryos and Day 5/6 (D5/6) single blastocysts in the frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycle to formulate a more appropriate embryo transplantation strategy.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 609 FET cycles from 518 women from April 2017 to March 2021. All FETs were assigned to the D3-DET group (transfer of a Day 3 double cleavage-stage embryo), D5-SBT group (transfer of a Day 5 single blastocyst), or D6-SBT group (transfer of a Day 6 single blastocyst). Clinical outcomes were comparatively analyzed.

Results

There were no significant differences in the biochemical pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, or ongoing pregnancy rate between the D3-DET and D5-SBT groups, but these rates in the two groups were all significantly higher compared with those in the D6-SBT group. The implantation rate in the D5-SBT group was significantly higher than that in the D3-DET group. The twin pregnancy rate in the D5-SBT and D6-SBT groups was significantly lower than that in the D3-DET group.

Conclusion

This study suggests that D5-SBT is the preferred option for transplantation. D6-SBT reduces the pregnancy rate, making it a more cautious choice for transfer of such embryos.
Challenges of cancer immunotherapy and chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fathi Mobina , Vakili Kimia , Jazi Kimia , Sadeghi Mohammad Amin , Hajiesmaeili Mohammadreza , Mohamadkhani Ashraf , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Tavasol Arian
Published: December 2021

People at high risk of morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including patients dealing with malignancies and patients on immunosuppressive anticancer therapies, need to be followed carefully as the pandemic continues. Challenges in continuing cancer management and patient monitoring are of concern given the importance of timing in cancer therapy. Alternative treatment decisions and priorities are also important considerations. The efficacy and safety of various cancer treatments in patients with COVID-19 are other important considerations. In this systematic review, we summarize the potential risks and benefits of cancer treatments applied to patients with COVID-19 and malignant tumors. Using the PubMed and Scopus databases, we reviewed studies involving cancer therapy and COVID-19 to address the recent discoveries and related challenges of cancer therapy in patients with COVID-19 and cancer.
Comparison of AdvanSync2® and Twin Block Appliances in Treatment of Class II Malocclusion With Retrognathic Mandible—An Observational Retrospective Study
Authors: Shahi Ankit Kumar , Sharma Payal , Juneja Achint , Shetty Divya , Bhardwaj Rishibha , Jain Shubhangi
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

To evaluate the treatment outcomes between Twin Block and AdvanSync2® appliances by comparing the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes.

Materials and Methods:

Radiographic data of 20 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Data were selected from patients in their skeletal growth spurt as evaluated by the cervical vertebral maturation method (CVMI 2, 3, and 4), with class II malocclusion characterized with retrognathic mandible (ANB > 4°, SNB < 77°, FMA = 25 ± 5°, overjet > 5 mm). There were 10 patients in each group that underwent orthodontic correction for class II malocclusion: either using Twin Block or AdvanSync2®. Independent t test and Paired t test and chi-square tests were used for the data analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at P value ≤.05.

Results:

The chronological and skeletal age were similar in both the groups. Records were taken for the functional treatment with mean treatment span of 8 ± 1 month. Changes in SNB (group I = 1.59°, group II = 3.11°) ( P < .01), Co-Gn (group I = 2.89 mm, group II = 5.34 mm), and U1-L1° (group I = −1.51°, group II = 2.97°) showed statistically different outcome between the groups, when the pre-post data were studied. Rest of the variables—cranial base, maxillary skeletal, mandibular skeletal, intermaxillary, vertical skeletal, maxillary dentoalveolar, mandibular dentoalveolar, and soft tissue—showed similar outcome ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

Both appliances lead to desirable outcomes in the correction of class II malocclusion. AdvanSync2® resulted in inducing more of changes in SNB and effective mandibular length as compared to Twin Block. Overjet and molar relation improved significantly with both the appliances. Both the appliances resulted in similar skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes.
Building back better from COVID-19: Knowledge, emergence and social contracts
Authors: Pelling Mark , Adams Helen , Adamson George , Barcena Alejandro , Blackburn Sophie , Borie Maud , Donovan Amy , Ogra Anshu , Taylor Faith , Yi Lu
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 recovery is an opportunity to enhance life chances by Building Back Better, an objective promoted by the UN and deployed politically at national level. To help understand emergent and intentional opportunities to Build Back Better, we propose a research agenda drawing from geographical thinking on social contracts, assemblage theory and the politics of knowledge. This points research towards the ways in which everyday and professional knowledge cocreation constrains vision and action. Whose knowledge is legitimate, how legitimacy is ascribed and the place of science, the media and government in these processes become sites for progressive Building Back Better.
Developing New Empirical Formulae for the Resilient Modulus of Fine-Grained Subgrade Soils Using a Large Long-Term Pavement Performance Dataset and Artificial Neural Network Approach
Authors: Fedakar Halil Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

Artificial neural network (ANN) has been successfully used for developing prediction models for resilient modulus (Mr). However, no reliable Mr formula derived from these models has been proposed in previous studies, although engineers/researchers need empirical formulae for hand calculation of Mr. Therefore, this study aimed to propose reliable empirical formulae for the Mr of fine-grained soils using ANN. For this purpose, thousands of ANN models were developed using the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) and external datasets. The input parameters were the percentage of soil particles passing through #200 sieve (P200), silt percentage (SP), clay percentage (CP), liquid limit (LL), plasticity index (PI), maximum dry density ([ρdry]max), optimum moisture content (wopt), confining pressure (σc), and nominal maximum axial stress (σz). The ANN models were compared with several constitutive models. The results indicate that the constitutive models failed to predict the Mr, and the best Mr predictions were obtained by the ANN-C9 (P200, SP, CP, LL, PI, σc, and σz), ANN-C10 (P200, SP, CP, [ρdry]max, wopt, σc, and σz), and ANN-C11 (P200, SP, CP, LL, PI, [ρdry]max, wopt, σc, and σz) models. Thus, the structures of these ANN models were formulated and proposed as the new empirical formulae for the Mr of fine-grained soils. Sensitivity analysis was also performed on these ANN models. It was determined that (ρdry)max is the most influential parameter in the ANN-C10 model, and LL is the most influential parameter in the ANN-C9 and ANN-C11 models. On the other hand, σc and σz are the least influential parameters.