bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of complications of Crohn’s disease
Authors: Solovev I A , Pershko A M , Kurilo D P , Vasilchenko M V , Silchenko E S , Rumyantsev P N
Published: July 2021

Possibilities and options of surgical treatment of complications of Crohn’s disease in the general surgical hospital are considered. Patients underwent various surgical interventions: ileum resection with «side-to-side» anastomosis (4 patients), resection of ileocecal department with the formation of ileoascendoanastomosis (2 patients), total coloproctectomy with the formation of ileostomy (2 patients), right-sided hemicolectomy (1 patient), obstructive resection of transverse colon (1 patient), obstructive resection of sigmoid colon (2 patients). Postoperative complications developed in 3 patients (25%), among them: postoperative wound suppuration - 2, dehiscence of anastomosis in 1 patient, which led to the formation of internal intestinal fistula and death. It was found that with limited lesions of colon in Crohn’s disease (less than a third of the colon) can be limited to resection of the affected segment with formation of intestinal anastomosis in the limits of healthy tissues. In the presence of lesions in the ascending department of colon proximal border of resection should be at the level of middle colic vessels with preservation of the latter. In long Crohn’s disease of colon with severe clinical manifestations of the operation of choice is a subtotal resection of colon with the imposition of single-barrel ileostomy. Surgical treatment of complicated forms of Crohn’s disease is in all cases performed in surgical profile hospitals, taking patients by ambulance. Most often, patients have delayed indications for operations, which gives the opportunity to carry out a comprehensive preoperative preparation. In all cases, complications of Crohn’s disease requires an individual approach, which combines conservative and surgical treatment. Surgical intervention is determined by the shape and characteristics of the course of complications of Crohn’s disease.
Effectiveness of methods of differential diagnosis of paroxysmal disorders of consciousness in children
Authors: Guseva V I , Odinak M M , Guseva O V , Guseva V V , Bulatova E M , Bykova O N
Published: July 2021

Abstrast. Clinical, electrophysiological and neuroimaging methods used for differential diagnosis of different forms of epileptic and nonepileptic paroxysms in children in the early stages of the disease are considered. 527 patients aged 1 to 18 years were examined. As a result of a comprehensive survey, taking into account the data of video-electroencephalogram monitoring, 317 patients with epilepsy with a significant predominance of symptomatic forms of epilepsy were revealed, of which 166 (42,37%) patients had focal forms, 36 (11,36%) patients - generalized. A significant number of children were found to have conditionally symptomatic focal epilepsy - 94 (29,65%), only 4 (1,26%) patients - with Landau - Kleffner syndrome and a relatively small group - 17 (5,36%) patients with idiopathic epilepsy. Nonepileptic paroxysms were more common in boys in all age groups except for children from 1 to 3 years, but in this group of children the difference in the frequency of different paroxysms is insignificant (0,48%). In the frequency of nonepileptic paroxysms significantly prevailed in boys aged 3 to 6 years (13,33%) and 6 to 9 years (11,43%). In girls, nonepileptic paroxysms were more common at the age of 3 to 6 years (10,48%) and from 1 to 3 years (9,95%). A comprehensive examination allowed to differentiate children with epileptic and nonepileptic paroxysms and to clarify their diagnoses. With a refined diagnosis of nonepileptic paroxysms, 210 patients were found. The results indicate the need for a thorough comprehensive examination of children suffering from paroxysmal disorders of consciousness to avoid erroneous diagnosis.
Forensic medical characteristic of the stromal component of myocardial tissue in cases of death from alcoholic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sokolova O V , Yagmurov O D , Nasyrov R A
Published: July 2021

A histological examination of the stromal component of myocardial tissue, which is one of the main components of the histohematological barrier, in cases of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, revealed a set of morphological changes, the development of which is caused by a cascade of pathological processes which were resulted from prolonged toxic effects on the cardiac muscle of ethanol and its metabolites. Morphological changes of the stromal component of the histohematological barrier of the myocardium in the form of metabolic and replaceable sclerosis have been revealed. The immediate role in the processes of the formation of metabolic sclerosis, manifested as perimuscular cardiosclerosis and perivascular cardiosclerosis, is played by hypoxia, caused by the toxic effect of ethanol and its metabolites on the main structural components of the vascular walls of the microcirculatory bed with the development of their increased permeability. Sclerosis processes during the formation of pleximorphic cardiosclerosis in alcoholic cardiomyopathy are of a substitutionary nature, the development of which is associated with the alteration of cardiomyocytes, caused both by direct toxic effects on the myocytes of ethanol and its metabolites, and by progressive hypoxia phenomena. The revealed features of the spread of pleximorphic cardiosclerosis in the myocardium testify to the mosaic damage of the cardiac muscle in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. It is established that the relative area of the stroma of the myocardium does not depend on the age and sex belonging to those who died from alcoholic cardiomyopathy. The relative area of the stroma was almost the same in all the dead and did not have significant differences.
Longitudinal contractility evaluation of left ventricular myocardium in healthy individuals
Authors: Kuchmin A N , Galova E P , Galaktionov D A , Kazachenko A A , Yaroslavtsev M Yu , Evsyukov K B , Gergel A O , Shevelev A A
Published: July 2021

Topical issues of evaluation, as well as practical application of longitudinal deformities of left ventricular myocardium in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases are considered. A study was conducted with an estimation of the segmented reference values for longitudinal deformation of the left ventricular myocardium in healthy middle-aged people using the technique of speckle tracking echocardiography. The essence of the methodic is to track coded areas of the myocardium (speckles) in the gray-scale image with subsequent automatic processing of data by special software. The data obtained are presented in the form of graphs and polar diagrams. This methodic has advantages over the method of tissue dopplerography, because it is more objective, sensitive and requires less time for data processing and analysis. At the same time speckle tracking has a number of limitations. To assess deformation, a good visualization of the image and a regular rhythm are required, and, most importantly, there are no generally accepted standards, since each manufacturer of echocardiographic equipment applies various filters that counteract the scattering of an ultrasonic beam. The effect of these filters on the results is unknown and, therefore, it is impossible to compare the data obtained on different devices. In addition, in the present work, correlation links between the structural and functional state of the myocardium and indices of longitudinal deformation of segments of the left ventricle are revealed. These results reveal the physiological features of the process in myocardial contractility occurring in the heart, both in norm and pathology.
Modern approaches to objectivization of diagnostics of mental disorders
Authors: Shamrey V K , Marchenko A A , Kurasov E S
Published: July 2021

586 patients with mental disorders of headings F0-F4 (according to the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases) and 18 mentally healthy people were studied. An automated ethological analysis of psychodiagnostic interviews, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a pictographic survey, psychometric scales, stress testing, and structural and functional neuroimaging methods were used. Reliable differences are shown when examining patients with mental disorders using a set of instrumental, laboratory and psychophysiological methods for investigating mental disorders. Significant differences in the volume of behavioral reactions in patients with schizophrenic disorder were revealed. With the help of the pictographic methodic, reliable differences are shown in patients with neurotic disorders and depressive episodes, as well as in persons with preclinical neurotic disorders. Neuroimaging methodic showed significant differences in the structure and functional activity of different parts of the brain in patients with endogenous, organic, neurotic depressions, as well as addictive disorders compared with healthy individuals. It was found that, despite the pronounced individual differences, even a simple comparative analysis (ethological part of the study) revealed statistically significant indicators in the volume of behavioral reactions in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, compared with healthy individuals. The results of the study of «neuroimaging markers» of the depressive disorders have shown, that «endogenous» depression at the PET (positron emission tomography) - study was determined by the decrease in the level of metabolism in the heads of caudate nuclei by20-40% of normal with moderate depression (up to 25 points on the HAMD) and more than 40% - severe (more than 26 points on the HAMD) compared to the control group, which was not observed in the «reactive» depression. It was found that the use of «neuroendocrine markers» (platelet serotonin, cortisol) in the diagnosis of depressive disorders allows, on the one hand, to study the causal mechanisms of mental disorders with an externally similar phenomenological picture, and on the other - to assess the pathophysiological consequences and severity of mental pathology. The possibility of modification of approaches to objectification, prognosis and early detection of mental disorders is shown.
Characteristics of imported malaria in the Astrakhan region
Authors: Arakelyan R S , Galimzyanov H M , Hasanova E D , Noskov L N , Shendo G L , Postnova V F
Published: July 2021

Epidemiological situation of imported malaria in the Astrakhan region for 2000-2016 is characterized. It is established that during this period, 90 cases of malaria were registered in the Astrakhan region, including 70 (77,8%) cases of imported malaria. Imported malaria was registered in both adults and children (53 (75,7%) and 17 (24,3%) cases, respectively). 65,7% of cases of imported malaria in the Astrakhan region falls on the urban area. Most cases (25,6%) of cases of malaria were registered in persons living in the Leninsky district, 2 times less often - in the Soviet and Kirov districts (17,1 and 15,7%, respectively) and in 1 (1,4%) cases - from the city of Astrakhan, who lived in the Trusovsky District. In rural areas of the Astrakhan region, imported malaria was recorded in 34,3% of cases, 10% in Narimanov, Krasnoyarsk -8,6%, Akhtuba - 5.7%, Kharabalin - 4,3%, Chernoyarsk - 2,9% , Liman and Kamyzyzk regions - 1,4% each. In 2 (2,9%) cases, imported malaria was registered in persons who do not have a permanent residence permit in Astrakhan and who are passing through it. Cases of imported malaria were recorded from January to October. Most often, 58 (82,9%) cases were recorded in the spring-summer period from April to August. In other months malaria cases were noted, but in rare and isolated cases: March and September - by 5,7%, October - 2,9%, January and February - 1,4%. In 92,9% of cases, the import of malaria to the Astrakhan region was carried out from the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States in 7,1% of cases - from Africa. Thus, from countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, in 50% of cases malaria was imported from Azerbaijan, in 37,2% - from Tajikistan. In isolated cases (2,9%), malaria was imported from Armenia and Uzbekistan. In general, in the territory of the Astrakhan region over the past 10 years, there has been a reduction in imported cases of malaria from the Commonwealth and the African contingent. In most cases, cases of three-day malaria were registered on the territory of the Astrakhan region. The importation of malaria into the Astrakhan region was mainly carried out from countries that were not well-off for malaria - Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and Africa.
Surgical treatment of gemangioma of the small intestine complicated by recurrent bleedings and blood losses of heavy severity
Authors: Soloviev I A , Vasilchenko M V , Voloshin S V , Kudryavtseva A V , Kolunov A V , Koshelev T E , Sizonenko N A
Published: July 2021

The frequency of gastrointestinal bleeding in the modern structure of emergency surgical pathology still occupies a leading position. In this case, the predominant localization of sources-the stomach and duodenum, as well as the colon and rectum. The literature describes a few observations of severe life-threatening bleeding from tumours of the small intestine. Hemangioma of the small intestine in the structure of tumours of the gastrointestinal tract occurs only up to 0,3% of cases, which is probably due to its rare complications, in particular - bleeding. Presents a case of rare recurrent bleeding from the small intestine hemangioma into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract with the development of severe posthemorrhagic anaemia. The features of diagnosis and surgical tactics in these cases are discussed. It was established that the classical standards of examination of the patient with signs of gastrointestinal bleeding will not allow establishing the source in the case of bleeding from the small intestine hemangioma. In this observation, using multiphase computed tomography in the mode of two-energy scanning followed by the construction of iodine maps, it was possible to diagnose the source of bleeding, establish its localization and perform a resection of the affected area of the small intestine.
Correction of complications portal hypertension syndrome
Authors: Ivanusa S Ya , Onnicev I E , Khokhlov A V , Yankovsky A V
Published: July 2021

The results a new approach of simultaneous correction of complications of portal hypertension with endovideosurgical method are considered. Surgeries of 4 patients, suffering from portal hypertension, were performed by laparoscopic access and included gastric devascularization with ligation and the transection of the left gastric and short gastric veins; ligation of the splenic artery; resection of the parietal peritoneum, retroperitoneal tissue, and lumbar muscles in the lumbar triangle. Average duration of one surgery was 120±22 minutes. The highest volume of blood loss was 150±35 ml. There were no intraoperative complications. The average time spent in the IC unit was 14±4,2 hours. On the day following the surgery, all patients were able to get out of the bed, walked on their own and were allowed to have liquid food. Each patient had one session of endoscopic ligation with an overlay of 5 to 8 Cook ligatures to eradicate varicose veins of the esophagus. The postoperative period of hospital treatment was 10±2,3 days, treatment responses were favorable in all patients. The total time of inpatient stay was 22±3 days. All patients underwent two sessions of reinfusion of externally modified ascitic fluid. The postoperative spiral computer tomographies and subtraction digital angiographies showed effectiveness of disconnection of vessels in the gastroesophageal system. Blood flow in the splenic artery is not detected, ultrasound shows shrinkage of spleen. The maximum follow-up after the operation was 10 months. There were no episodes of bleeding recurrence and no signs of ascites. All patients are socially adapted and able to work, and do not present any complaints during follow-up examinations.
Problems of diagnostics and treatment of gastrointestinal perforations in patients with acute intestinal infections
Authors: Magomedov G M , Zemlyanoy V P , Nakhumov M M , Namazov B B
Published: July 2021

The results of treatment of 97 patients with perforations of the hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract were analyzed, 31 acute intestinal infections of which were verified. Clinical features of perforation of hollow organs on the background of acute intestinal infection have been revealed. A comparative analysis of clinical and instrumental methods for diagnosing perforations in patients with intestinal infections and without them was carried out. The most sensitive in identifying perforations of hollow organs in patients with acute intestinal infections instrumental methods of investigation were diagnostic laparoscopy (100%) and radiography of abdominal organs (80%). It was established that the combination of the two diseases contributes to the growth of diagnostic errors, increase in the number of common forms of peritonitis and development of the syndrome of mutual aggravation. Analysis of surgical interventions showed that in patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute intestinal infection the primary surgical interventions in most patients resulted in the formation of laparostoma with programmed relaparotomy, in connection with the presence of contraindications for the formation of a primary interintestinal anastomosis. Postoperative complications in the study groups developed in 61,3; 41.7 and 23,8% of cases, respectively. In patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute intestinal infection, lethality was 32,3%, in patients with atypical flow of perforations of hollow organs, simulating the symptoms of acute intestinal infection - 16,7 and 14,3% - in patients with perforations of hollow organs without concomitant acute intestinal infection. The results of the research testify to the relevance of the problem under study and the need to optimize therapeutic-diagnostic algorithm for this category of patients.
Features of the skin microbiota in patients with diabetes
Authors: Khasiev N D , Shaposhnikova E B , Shevchuk N I , Mironov I V
Published: July 2021

The assessment of the skin microbiota state in elderly people with diabetes mellitus is given. For the research and development of quantitative and specific indicators of deep microbiota of the skin used the method of agar imprints. The revealed changes in the skin microbiota in patients with diabetes mellitus are of interest as adaptive characteristics of the organism, and also serve as a harbinger of deviations in the clinical and physiological status of patients and give reason to present the basic laws of skin biocenosis in elderly people suffering from diabetes mellitus. It was found that the species composition of the microbiota does not change in the control group in the deep layers of the forearm skin, and the number of colony-forming units increased, which corresponds to skin dysbiosis of the I degree. It was also found that representatives of Staphylococcus spp occupy a dominant position in the skin microbiota in persons with diabetes mellitus, both in frequency of occurrence and in quantitative measure. At the same time, in the observed patients, regardless of the type and stage of diabetes mellitus, an increase in the number of colony-forming units by 1 cm2 of the deep layers of the forearm skin was revealed, which corresponds to the dysbacteriosis of the skin of the III degree. This is 2,6 times greater than in healthy individuals. This increase is directly correlated with the severity of diabetes. It is shown that dysbiosis can manifest itself by clinical local symptoms, and then by General disorders, which aggravate the course of the underlying disease and complicate treatment. An integrated approach to this problem can be used for a more differentiated assessment of the prognosis of complications in patients with diabetes mellitus and to improve the effectiveness of treatment and preventive care.
Alternative anatomy of a gastrolic trunk of Genle and her applied value in surgery
Authors: Gajvoronskij I V , Kotiv B N , Kovalenko N A , Pelipas’ J V , Amelina I D , Fandeeva O M
Published: July 2021

Are submitted the data about typical and atypical options of a trunk Genle, to his arhitectonics, topography, existing classifications, morphometric characteristics and cclinical value of anatomic features. It shown, that the anatomy of a trunk of Genle and his inflows has the expressed variability, and practically it isn’t described in Russian-speaking literature. Appreciable number of various options of formation of a trunk of Genle, various frequency of occurrence of these options, morphometric indicators, apparently, depends on the size of selection of the studied objects, a sex and other reasons. Classification is created, reflecting results of a research, and presenting data in foreign literature. It reveal, that, despite a large number of the described versions of the description of this anatomical structure, there is no uniform idea of the veins forming this trunk. Nosological examples are analyzed, showing need of control of options of formation of a trunk of Genle and his morphometric features at expeditious and diagnostic manipulations on organs and vessels of a peritoneal cavity. Without comprehension arhitectonics of roots and inflows of a portal vein, there is a great risk of a surgical mistake which can lead to lethal complications. In general, cases in point are important for surgical practice, in particular, for abdominal surgery and an onkokhirurgiya.
Evaluation of metal-ceramic non-removable dentures, prosthetic bed and field during warranty periods
Authors: Iordanishvili A K , Volodin A I , Muzikin M I , Petrov A A
Published: July 2021

Using the clinical and radiological methods of investigation, the results of an assessment of the state of 287 metal-ceramic prosthetic structures were presented during the warranty period of their use in 186 people (53 men and 133 women) aged from 29 to 62 years who were made dental treatment and prophylactic institutions, located in the city (1 group of patients, 120 people) and rural areas (2 patients, 66 people) in the Krasnodar Territory of various forms of ownership. When assessing the condition of denture prosthesis, prosthetic bed and field, inflammatory changes in the periodontium, mobility and inflammation of the pulp of supporting teeth, recession of the gum, pressure ulcers in the region of the body of the bridge, contact between the prosthesis and antagonizing teeth in the central occlusion or overstrain of the occlusion in several units of dental prostheses structures, the presence of a large washing space in the area of the body of the bridge in the front sections of the dentition rows of the jaws, fracture castings, chips ics, chronic periapical foci of odontogenic infection of teeth under single, welded or supporting artificial crowns, as well as cementing of structures and the presence of hypersensitivity of teeth under artificial crowns. The frequency of occurrence of defects in dentures and complications of prosthetics, which were more often detected in persons who were prosthetically tested in health facilities, was determined, regardless of the form of their property located in rural areas. It is shown that at the moment many of the possible complaints and complaints of patients, in connection with the manufacture of metal-ceramic dentures, can prove to be justified. It is concluded that the introduction of internal quality control of medical care in all dental hospitals, clinics and offices, regardless of their territorial location and form of ownership, is a requirement of the time.
Community acquired pneumonia of viral-bacterial etiology in young people: actual aspects of clinical and laboratory diagnostics
Authors: Kharitonov M A , Salukhov V V , Zhurkin M A , Nikolaev A V , Ivanov V V , Kazantcev V A , Lutov V V , Grishaev S L , Zhurkina N M
Published: July 2021

Community acquired pneumonia is one of the most topical acute respiratory diseases, which is caused by high incidence rate, especially in organized groups of people, constantly changing microbial flora, the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibacterial drugs, difficulties in etiological diagnostics, and the possibility of life-threatening complications and fatalities. An innovative algorithm of etiological diagnostics of community acquired pneumonia is suggested, which includes immunochromatography express-tests of sputum for viruses detection, bacteriological sputum culture, immunoenzyme assay of blood and polymerase chain reaction of sputum and blood serum. It is shown that standard bacteriological sputum culture did not allow us to reveal causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia timely and precisely in most cases, whereas the application of more comprehensive etiological diagnostics enabled us to reveal the causative agent in the majority of the examined patients. And express methods provided an opportunity to verify the infectious agent within 1-2 days and administer early effective etiotropic treatment. It is demonstrated that modern community acquired viral bacterial pneumonia has a number of clinical and laboratory features depending on the revealed viral agents. These features may be used as additional diagnostic criteria of the disease, especially when modern methods of etiological diagnostics are unavailable. The obtained results showed the effectiveness of the use of immunochromatography express-tests of sputum, polymerase chain reaction of sputum and blood serum, and immunoenzyme assay of blood. As a result of statistical analysis, a number of characteristic clinical and laboratory predictors of certain viral-bacterial associations of modern community acquired pneumonia was determined.
Stastical methods in studies on the status of nutrition of military personnel
Authors: Shchukina N A , Nagibovich O A , Andriyanov A I , Konovalova I A , Smetanin A L , Lazarenko L P , Korosteleva O G
Published: July 2021

The possibility of applying the nonparametric statistical methods to solve the tasks of investigating and appraising the index status of nutrition of military servicemen is considered. The experience to use in parallel several statistical algorithms for testing hypotheses is shown. An approach was worked out to test a sequence of hypotheses going one after another when testing the previous hypothesis influences the choice of subsequent hypothesis to test. This approach is formalized as a scheme to incrementally estimate the status of nutrition of military servicemen. The proposed model of status of nutrition exploration is used to obtain the quality and quantity digital estimation of the expected trend of a certain controllable parameter or a group of parameters of status of nutrition. It is established that among the considered indicators of the status of nutrition, the prevailing number of them has undergone a regular change in different periods of a prolonged sea voyage, depending on the balance of the main food components (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) with other nutrients and on the energy costs of the body of servicemen. The algorithm for studying the status of nutrition of servicemen with the use of nonparametric methods of statistical analysis made it possible to reveal a number of changes in metabolic processes occurring at the prenosological level and conditioned by the peculiarities of nutrition and the nature of military professional activity. On the basis of the research results obtained, requirements for the content of vitamins and minerals in the diet, as well as vitamin-mineral complexes, necessary for strengthening the body’s protective functions and preventing various diseases, can be formulated. Applying this model enlarges greatly the exploration possibilities when the methodical recommendations and normative documents to regulate the nutrition of military servicemen are developed.
Justification for the initial medical data for the development of an anthropomorphic test dummy
Authors: Moiseyev Yu B , Ryzhenkov S P
Published: July 2021

To protect against the adverse impact of shock acceleration, technical protection equipment is being developed, the effectiveness of which is verified during the tests. Special place among these tests belongs to physical analogue of human body- anthropomorphic testing dummy. The experiments with the participation of volunteers allowed to develop anthropometric, biomechanical and consumers requirements to anthropoid testing dummy, which are corresponded to small (5 percentile), medium (50 percentile) and big Russian servicemen (95 percentile). There were also established demands to body weight, stature - body height, sitting height, height of shoulders over the seat, chest circumference, mass of the main segments of anthropoid testing dummy (head and neck, upper, middle and lower parts of a trunk, shoulder, forearm, hand, leg, foot). An anthropoid testing dummy, modeling servicemen with small sizes, must have 58 kg weight, 165,6 cm body height, 86 cm sitting height and 88,8 cm chest circumference; a dummy, modeling middle servicemen, must have 68 kg weight, 173 cm body height, 92,2 cm sitting height and 98,5 cm chest circumference; a dummy, modeling big servicemen, must have 101,2 kg weight, 190 cm body height,96,5 cm sitting height and 101,2 cm chest circumference. During the experiments with the participation of volunteers, pliability of soft tissues of human, being in connection with restraint system, was studied. It allows modeling mechanical characteristics of anthropoid testing dummy’s torso and ensure adequate reaction to inertial load of a body. There are given demands to dynamical firmness of anthropoid testing dummy and to its qualities, ensuring peculiarities of its use during natural and semi-natural testing.
Correlation matrix for revealing informative indicators of functional state estimation, anaerobic working capacity and physical readiness of highly qualified athletes
Authors: Brook T M , Terekhov P A , Nikolaev A A
Published: July 2021

The possibility of revealing informative markers for assessing the functional state and special working capacity of highly skilled multihorts by means of correlation analysis is considered. It is established that the values of the relative and explosive strength of most muscle groups have prognostic significance as a criterion for their physical fitness. The priority of extensor musculature for achieving high sports results in athletics decathlon is proved. It was found that the parameters of the anaerobic threshold, determined by the heart rate, are more related to the athletic result than the anaerobic threshold values determined by the amount of oxygen consumed. Five groups of indicators were distinguished, which had a strong relationship with the athletic result in the decathlon. The first group included markers that characterize the aerobic capacity of the body: the relative level of maximum oxygen consumption, anaerobic threshold, pulmonary ventilation, respiratory coefficient and vital capacity of the lungs. The second group consisted of parameters reflecting the rate of recovery of aerobic capacity of the body within 2 minutes after the end of physical activity: heart rate, respiratory, oxygen consumption and pulmonary ventilation. The third group included the values of energy metabolism in the central, right and left temporal regions of the brain, where the higher centers of the motor and sensory systems are located, as well as the centers of the descending pyramidal tract responsible for performing arbitrary movements. The fourth group included indicators characterizing the background mental state, speed and accuracy of the attentional set-shifting, psycho-emotional stability. The fifth group consisted of parameters of the analysis of the heart rate, which reliably correlated with the sum of points in the decathlon.
Experimental substantiation of the possibility of using the cytochemical parameters of peripheral blood to assess the functional state of the organism of the pilot
Authors: Pashchenko P S , Risman B V , Dergachev V B
Published: July 2021

The activity of succinate (mitochondrial), lactate, α-glycerophosphate, glucose-6-phosphate peripheral blood lymphocytes in rats under the conditions of modeling acute and chronic gravitational stress was studied by quantitative spectrophotometry of cytochemical reaction products to reveal the localization of oxidative enzymes. The dynamics of morphofunctional transformations is determined, the severity of which depends on the duration of the effect (the rotation time of the animals on the centrifuge). For acute gravitational stress, changes in the activity of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase are characteristic, and in the various stages of chronic gravitational stress, glycolysis (increase in lactate dehydrogenase and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity) and plastic metabolism (increase in glucose-6-fosfata dehydrogenase activity) are characteristic. These changes are explained by the inclusion of neurohumoral regulatory mechanisms that ensure synchronization of oxidative metabolic processes in the cells of organs of various body systems under unfavorable conditions of their functioning. Significant correlation links between the activity of lymphocyte enzymes with the same indices of neurons of the celiac sympathetic node, adenocytes of the cortical and medulla of the adrenal glands have been established. This suggests that the activity of lymphocyte enzymes can be used as indirect indicators of the processes occurring in the organs of the sipato-adrenomedular and pituitary-adrenocortical systems under conditions of acute and chronic gravitational stress.
The analysis of prosthetic and orthopedic factories production in the branch of lower extremities prothesis with possibilities of import substitution
Authors: Scherbina K K , Suslyaev V G , Golubeva Yu B , Sokurov A V , Ermolenko T V , Yankovskiy V M
Published: July 2021

The needs and possibilities of import substitution in the prosthetic and orthopedic industry for prosthetics and orthotics of lower limbs from local and imported component materials were determined. We analyzed the stock list of special equipment, materials, and modules used in the manufacture of prostheses and orthoses of the lower limbs, indicating local and foreign suppliers. The technical characteristics of equipment, materials, and modules of lower limb prostheses that are not manufactured in the Russian Federation were determined. We indicated the stock list, components, equipment, and materials, which production is more reasonable to be organized in Russia instead of using imported products of similar purpose. We carried out operational tests and clinical trials of prosthetic and orthopedic products that were made from new thermoplastic materials. These materials are developed by local manufacturers for the production of a bucket of the prosthesis for lower and upper limbs, orthoses and orthopedic devices, actively correcting braces, stop holders, etc. We indicated the ways of implementing the state policy to eliminate reliance of local prosthetic and orthopedic industry on import. Proposals for the optimization of reference documentation were developed. The role and position of research organizations that solve the problems of import substitution and that focus on the creation of new and improvement of existing technologies of physical medical rehabilitation of patients with muscle-skeleton disorders were defined. We determined the importance of institutions of advanced training for doctors and other specialists who work in prosthetic and orthopedic enterprises and rehabilitation centers.
Possibilities of bioimpedance analysis in the diagnosis of obesity
Authors: Nagibovich O A , Smirnova G A , Andriyanov A I , Kravchenko E V , Konovalova I A
Published: July 2021

The use of additional parameters obtained with the help of bioimpedance analysis allows correctly to establish or exclude the diagnosis of obesity when conducting a survey of men. We proposed the «fat mass index» index, which has the greatest sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of obesity. The use of ROC-analysis allowed setting threshold values (cut-off points) in samples of a number of bioimpedanceometry indicators for diagnosing obesity according to known grades of body mass index according to the classification of the World Health Organization. Thus, for the visceral fat area, this boundary corresponds to 103,95 cm2, the fat mass index is 7,33 kg / m2, the fat mass is 22,45 kg, the percentage of body fat is 24,55% and the degree of abdominal obesity is0, 94%. Exceeding the above thresholds can be used as additional criteria for diagnosing obesity. The existence of phenotypic and metabolic heterogeneity of persons with normal body weight and obese patients is shown. It was confirmed that 93,3% of patients are metabolically unwell, and 6,7% are metabolically healthy. A similar pattern is also observed with normal body weight: a larger pool (92,4%) is metabolically healthy, and a small proportion of people (7,6%) are metabolically unwell. At present, normative values do not exist for all parameters obtained with the help of bioimpedance analysis; therefore, in the complex survey of men, the use of the optimal cut-off threshold for the studied indicators will help to identify individuals with true obesity. The results obtained should increase the diagnostic value of biomedance analysis of body composition and help to conduct an effective evaluation of curative and preventive measures for obesity by comparing the considered indicators in dynamics.
Substantiation and development of the economic-mathematical model of rational drug provision for certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations
Authors: Miroshnichenko Yu V , Shcherba M P , Bychkova O I , Pilnik N M
Published: July 2021

In modern socio-economic conditions, the maximum efficiency of the use of funds allocated from budgets of different levels to finance federal, regional and departmental programs for providing medicines is required. In connection with it, there is a need to justify and develop a model of rational drug supply for certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations that will visually reflect the functioning of military and civilian health in a single organizational and legal space, with the elimination of duplication of functions and powers of government. Approaches to the development of a model of rational drug provision are substantiated, while modeling the mathematical apparatus of Petri nets. A characteristic of the existing model of drug supply based on Petri nets for certain categories of citizens attached to military medical organizations is presented. The irrationality of the existing order of drug provision is proved, which results in an increase in the resource burden on public health in general. The model of rational drug supply of patients attached to military medical organizations that excludes duplication of provision of medicines by citizens within the framework of military and civil health is substantiated and developed; optimizes the distribution of rights, powers and responsibilities between military and civil health; ensures the coherence of military and civil health activities in the provision of medicines on the basis of information interaction; contributes to the preservation of financial, information and material resources in public health, as well as their balanced and rational use.
Isolated lobar arterio-portal liver perfusion in the experiment
Authors: Rybakov A S , Tyagun V S , Gayvoronsky I V , Surov D A , Anokhin D Yu , Ilyina V A
Published: July 2021

The study is devoted to topographic, anatomical and experimental justification of isolated lobar arterio-portal perfusion, the material for which served as liver preparations (n=28), explanted from the corpses of adult men and women who died at the age of 48 to 78 years as a result of injuries and diseases not associated with liver lesions and its major vessels, the data of radiographs of liver preparations (n=10), injected with x-ray contrast solutions, as well as selective angiograms (n=24) obtained with celiac topographic and anatomical features of the main vessels of the left lobe of the liver in relation to the problems of its isolated lobar arterio-portal perfusion are clarified. Based on the analysis of selective angiograms, obtained by clickography shown the absence of functioning vascular anastomoses between lobes of the liver. While further studies conducted on liver preparations (n=8), an experimental model of isolated lobar arterio-portal perfusion of the left lobe of the liver was developed. The approbation of this model convincingly confirmed the results obtained during anatomical studies. The peculiarity of the arterial and portal blood flow of the left surgical lobe of the liver is its isolation from the vascular arterio-portal basins of the right lobe of the liver. The experiment shows the possibility of isolated perfusion of the left lobe of the liver. The developed experimental model demonstrated the validity of the idea of isolated lobar arterio-portal perfusion of the left lobe of the liver and created favorable conditions for further improvement of the concept of retrograde isolated liver perfusion and the possibility of improving its technical aspects for further clinical testing in the complex treatment of patients with multiple bilobar metastatic liver damage.
Gazenko O. G. - the founder of the cosmic biology and medicine (to the 100th anniversary of the birth)
Authors: Blaginin A A , Lyashedko S P
Published: July 2021

Gazenko Oleg Georgievich - an academician, one of the founders of space biology and medicine, deputy head of the state Research and Experimental Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1963-1969), director of the Institute of Medico-Biological problems (1969-1988), president of the Russian society named after I.P. Pavlov (1983-2004), advisor to the Russian Academy of Sciences at the State Scientific center of the Russian Federation - Institute of Medico-Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1988-2007). He was immediate participant of the preparation for the flight of Yuri Gagarin. He was the author of Monographs «Animals in Space», «Life and Space», «Man in long Space flight», «Space Cardiology», «Humanity and space». He was in charge as an editor-in-chief of a number of magazines - «Successes of Physiological Sciences», «Space Biology and medicine», as well as large serial monographs - «Scientific results of researches in space missions», «Problems of space Biology». O.G. Gazenko represented Russia at the sessions of the United Nations Scientific and Technical Committee on Outer Space. International recognition of his merits in this field was marked by numerous awards, honorary ranks and titles. The most significant result of the creative path of academician Oleg Georgievich Gazenko was in creation of a new direction - space biology and medicine, which his students and followers still continue to develop.
Tissue engineering for compensating short bowel syndrome
Authors: Kosulin A V , Beldiman L N , Kromsky S V , Kokorina A A , Mikhailova E V , Sokolova M O , Kriventsov A V , Aleksandrov V N
Published: July 2021

Short bowel syndrome is an important clinical problem characterized by a high incidence of serious complications, deaths and socioeconomic consequences. Parenteral nutrition provides only a temporary solution without reducing the risk of complications. This applies equally to surgical treatment, in particular to small intestine transplantation and related concomitant interventions, which only facilitate the adaptation of the intestine to new conditions. Potential approaches have been analyzed in the treatment of the syndrome of the small intestine, which can be offered by dynamically developing tissue engineering. Various types of carriers and cell types that are used in experiments for obtaining tissue engineering designs of the intestine are discussed. A wide range of variants of such constructions is analyzed that can lead to obtaining an organ prosthesis with a cellular organization and mechanical stability similar to those of the native small intestine, which will ensure the necessary biocompatibility. It is established that one of the optimal carriers for today are extracellular matrices obtained by decellularization of the native small intestine. This process allows to preserve the microarchitecture of the small intestine, which greatly facilitates the process of filling the matrix with cells both in vitro and in vivo. It has also been established that mesenchymal stromal multipotent cells and organoid units obtained from the tissue of the native small intestine are particularly prominent among the most promising participants in the cellular ensemble.
Treatment and evacuation work of evacuation hospitals in the Saratov region in the period from July 1943 to June 1945
Authors: Sokolov V A , Murylev Yu A , Yakimov D K , Murylev V Yu
Published: July 2021

The experience of organizing the treatment of wounded and sick military men of the Red army in Saratov at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War is studied. Priority tasks that were solved in conditions of the location of medical institutions in the deep rear are given. The structure of injuries and injuries with which soldiers and officers of the Red Army were sent from the front to the evacuation hospitals of the city and the region was investigated. Attention is drawn to the change the severity and location of wounds, depending on the progress of our units towards Germany. The factors that contributed to the successful treatment and return to the system of heavy contingents of the wounded and sick are indicated. The importance of the initiative work, which was carried out by medical personnel of evacuation hospitals on the development and introduction of new methods to improve the effectiveness of medical measures in everyday clinical practice, was stressed. Published data on the number of beds that were transferred from the Saratov hospital base in the army. In addition, evacuation hospitals and the Saratov Medical Institute were those institutions of which, even at the final stage of the war, medical personnel were sent for service to the front. At the same time, many honorably and honorably fulfilled their civic duty to the Motherland. Examples of patronage over hospitals from industrial enterprises and public organizations of Saratov and the region are given. A brief overview of the treatment and prophylactic tasks, which were solved in the interests of the civilian population of the city and the region, is given.