bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dyslipidemias in diabetes
Authors: RODBARD HELENA W
Published: November 2013

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are responsible for 75% of the morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes accelerates plaque formation and progression in coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral arteries. Patients with diabetes obtain less benefit from invasive procedures such as angioplasty and coronary revascularization than do patients without diabetes. Survival following a cardiovascular event is lower in patients with diabetes, particularly in women. It is estimated that 50% of patients have CVD at the time of diagnosis with diabetes. This emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of comorbidities and risk factors. Dyslipidemias in diabetes are characterized by elevated triglycerides, small dense LDL, and decreased HDL. The atherosclerotic process is associated with inflammatory changes with deposition of lipids in the arterial walls. Diabetes also accelerates this process by altering the structure and function of circulating lipoproteins. In a seven year study in a population in Finland, the incidence of myocardial infarctions (MI) in patients with diabetes without a prior MI was similar to patients without diabetes but with a previous MI. Thus, there is a linkage between diabetes and CVD at epidemiologic and pathophysiologic levels, and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP-III) designated diabetes as a CVD risk equivalent. Treatment of LDL cholesterol is the first priority, followed by HDL and triglycerides: the goals are LDL < 100 mg/dL, HDL > 40 mg/dL in men or HDL > 50 mg/dL in women, and triglycerides < 150 mg/dL. Statins are the drugs of choice. Benefits of aggressive lipid management with statins have been shown in primary prevention studies (AFCAPS /TexCAPS, ASCOT) and secondary prevention studies (4S, CARE, LIPID, HPS) in patients with varying degrees of dyslipidemias and other risk factors. The Heart Protection Study (HPS) has shown that high risk patients benefit from statins regardless of the LDL levels. Other drugs, e.g., fibrates, nicotinic acid, bile acid sequestrants have a role in selected patients. A new class of drag, ezetimibe, blocks cholesterol absorption in the gastrointestinal tract: it is synergistic with the statins and effective as a single agent when statins are contraindicated. Aggressive therapy to treat diabetic dyslipidemias has been shown to reduce the risk of CVD.
Activity of the adrenocortical system in rats with experimental diabetes
Authors: Cherkasova Olga Pavlovna , Kuznetsova Natalya Vladimirovna , Pal'chikova Natalya Alexandrovna , Selyatitskaya Vera Georgievna
Published: November 2013

Aim. To study the functional state of the adrenocortical system in experimental animals depending on severity of alloxan diabetes. Materials and methods. Diabetes in rats was induced by administering alloxan tetrahydrate at a dose of 17 mg/100 g b.w. Corticosteroids in plasma,adrenals, and 24-hr urine were measured by RIA, immunoenzyme assay, and HPLC. Hepatic aminotransferase activities were determined. Results. Durng the first week after induction of diabetes, the animals suffered metabolic disturbances and hypoinsulinemia the severity of which didnot significantly change up to day 30 Activation of adrenal glucocorticoid function (a rise in plasma corticosteron, urine and adrenal corticosteronand progesteron) occurred starting from days 8-9. Enhanced activity of hepatic aminotransferases confirmed physiological significance of elevatedblood corticosteron level. Conclusion. Physiological effects of glucocorticoids in the liver decreased by day 30 of experimental diabetes despite persisting disturbances in carbohydratemetabolism, probably due to reduced synthesis of corticosteron in adrenals and its concentration in blood.
Vliyanie sulodeksida na funktsional'noe sostoyanie endoteliya u bol'nykh s sakharnym diabetom i diabeticheskoyretinopatiey
Authors: Gavrilova Natalya Alexandrovna , Tishchenko Olga Evgen'evna
Published: November 2013

Aim. To study effect of sulodexide (Vessel Due F) on the functional state of endothelium in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Materials and methods. A total of 37 patients with DR were divided in 2 groups and treated with sulodexide. Group 1 comprised 16 patients withnon-proliferative DR, group 2 included 21 patients with preproliferative DR. The functional state of endothelium was estimated from the plasma andserum levels of endothelial factors (sVCAM, endothelin, nitric oxide, t-PA, Willebrand factor). Results. The measurement of the initial levels of endothelial factors in both groups revealed significant changes in endothelin, nitric oxide, and sVCAMsuggesting disturbances of endothelial function due to DR. Sulodexide therapy normalized it regardless of DR stage and thereby improved functionalactivity of retina. Conclusion. This study has demonstrated beneficial effect of sulodexide on endothelial function in patients with DR due to correction of the productionof vasoactive factors (endothelin, nitric oxide) and stimulation of fibrinolytic activity of the vascular wall (t-PA).
Results of Gemaza therapy of hemophthalmia in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Normatova Nargiza Mirshavkatovna
Published: November 2013

Aim. To evaluate efficiency of Gemaza used to treat hemophthalmia of different severity and localization. Materials and methods. Gemaza (5000 IU) was admnistered parabulbarly to 75 patients (78 eyes) with diabetes mellitus (DM) after dilution in0.5 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Each patient received 10 daily injections during baseline hypoglycemic therapy. Control group was comprisedof 20 patients (20 eyes) with hemophthalmia, treated by traditional drug therapy (emoxipin, dicinon, ascorutin, actovegin). Results. Gemaza proved a highly efficient agent showing hemoresorptive and fibrinolytic activities; it improved visual acuity in 51.3% of the patientsfrom day 5 after the onset of therapy. Conclusion. It is recommended to administer Gemaza soon after hemorrhage, prior to the development of proliferative processes in the vitreous bodyand retina.
Basal insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor control of glycemia by oral hypoglycemic agents: results of direct comparative study of insulin analogs Lantus and Levemir
Authors: Zalevskaya Alsu Gafurovna , Verbovaya Nelli Il'inichna , Rodionova Tatiana Igorevna , Vikulova Olga Konstantinovna , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna
Published: November 2013

Aim. To compare efficiency of two regimes of basal therapy with human insulin analogs glargin (Lantus) once daily and detemir (Levemir) twicedaily based on their hypoglycemic action (HbA1c
Markers of inflammation in patents with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular form of diabetic autonomous neuropathy
Authors: Bondar' Irina Arkad'evna , Shabel'nikova Olesya Yur'evna
Published: November 2013

Aim. To determine the level of inflammation markers and their relation to endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in patents with type 2 diabetesmellitus and cardiovascular form of diabetic autonomous neuropathy. Materials and methods. A total of 87 patients aged 45-66 years were examined for blood insulin level, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), CRP,and anti-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-a, IL-1-beta, IL-6) levels. Endothelial dysfunction was estimated based on quantitative Willebrand factorassay. Vegetative disorders were detected from reflex cardiovascular ECG data. Results. The development of cardiovascular form of diabetic autonomous neuropathy in patents with type 2 diabetes depended on diabetes duration,quality of carbohydrate metabolism compensation, levels of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Mean levels of Willebrand factors andinflammation markers in patents with type 2 diabetes and overt vegetative dysfunction were significantly higher than in diabetic patients withoutautonomous neuropathy. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlation of CRP and IL-6 levels with results of standard ECG tests. Conclusion. Results of the study demonstrate chronic inflammation in patents with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular form of diabetic autonomousneuropathy. Increased level of inflammation markers and its relation to severity of vegetative disorders and endothelial dysfunction confirm the roleof inflammation in pathogenesis of nervous co-morbidity in patents with type 2 diabetes.
Efficiency and safety of transfer of type 2 diabetes patients inadequately controlled on metformin alone to combined therapy with metformin and diabeton MB
Authors: Ametov Alexander Sergeevich , Bogdanova Lyudmila Nikolaevna
Published: November 2013

Aim. To evaluate efficiency and tolerability of diabeton MB/metformin combination in patients failing to achieve optimal glycemic control when onmetformin monotherapy and prove advantages of this combination over combined low-dose therapy with glibenclamide and metformin. Materials and methods. The study included 464 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who poorly responded to metformin monotherapy. It was supplementedby diabeton MB. Efficiency and tolerability of combined treatment was evaluated from dynamics of glycemia and frequency of side-effects.40 patients were included in detailed comparative assessment (laboratory and instrumental, CGMS) of this monotherapy and fixed low-dose combinationof glibenclamide with metformin. Results. Results of comparison show that diabeton MB/metformin combination ensured most optimal glycemic control with a minimal risk of side effects. Conclusion. Diabeton MB/metformin combination is convenient, efficient and safe.
Initial glucose-lowering therapy and risks of overall and cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with type2 diabetes
Authors: Misnikova Inna Vladimirovna , Dreval' Alexander Vasil'evich , Kovaleva Yulia Alexandrovna
Published: November 2013

Цель. Оценить риски развития общей и сосудистой смертности, а также риски фатальных и нефатальных инфарктов миокарда (ИМ) и острых нарушений мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК) у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2) в зависимости от вида пероральной сахароснижающей терапии (ПССП), назначенной после установления диагноза диабета. Материалы и методы. На основании результатов ретроспективного открытого когортного исследования проведен анализ пятилетнего риска общей и сердечно-сосудистой смертности, а также ИМ и ОНМК у лиц, заболевших СД2 в 2004 году и получавших терапию раз- личными ПССП. Для оценки рисков смерти от любых причин, смерти от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, ИМ и ОНМК был использован Cox-регрессионный анализ. Результаты. У больных, которым после установления диагноза ?СД2? были назначены препараты сульфонилмочевины (СМ), по сравнению с группой метформина отмечено достоверное повышение риска общей и сердечно-сосудистой смертности в два раза (р
In-shoe computed pedobarography as a new method for the assessment of efficiency of orthopedic footwear in diabetic patients
Authors: Gorokhov Sergey Valentinovich , Udovichenko Oleg Viktorovich , Galstyan Gagik Radikovich , Afanas'ev Evgeny Nikolaevich , Volkova Galina Yur'evna
Published: November 2013

Aim. To assess efficiency of orthopedic footwear for diabetic patients by in-shoe computed pedobarography. Materials and methods. The study included 20 women with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic polyneuropathy and/or angiopathy combined withmoderate foot deformity. In-shoe computed pedobarography (F-scan, Tekscan, USA) was used to study pressure distribution patterns in ordinary footwearidentical for each patient (control) and in special shoes shaped to the foot of individual patients. Results. Median peak pressure in orthopedic footwear was reduced by 29% compared with control value. The number of patients with overloadedfoot regions decreased from 75 to 35%, p=0,025. The change of integral load indices for clinically significant foot regions was estimated at -34%(-67%; -17%) for pressure-time integral and -26% (-65%; +7%) for force-time integral (p
Peculiar features of the clinical course of reflux disease in diabetic patients
Authors: Korneeva Natalya Vyacheslavovna , Fedorchenko Yury Leonidovich
Published: November 2013

Aim. To elucidate peculiar features of the clinical course of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus(DM1 and DM2). Materials and methods. The study included 258 patients (68 DM and 190 DM2) undergoing 24-hour pH-metry, gastric and oesophageal endoscopy,and evaluation of H.pylori (Hp) infestation. Results. Based on the results of pH-metry and complaints of the patients, GERD was diagnosed in 23.5 and 33.6% of DM1 and DM2 patients respectively.GERD in DM patients is frequently asymptomatic, with fewer complaints of oesophageal problems but more pronounced endoscopic changesin patients with GERD alone. Patients with GERD + DM more frequently present with erosive oesophagitis and oesophageal ulcers than those withGERD without DM. Patients with GERD + DM are characterized by a higher occurrence of H.pylori in gastric mucosa than patients with DM alone. Conclusion. GERD is a frequent pathology in DM1 and DM1 patients characterized by a peculiar, frequently asymptotic, clinical course; it requiresthorough attention of endocrinologists and gastroenterologists.
Integrated surgical management of neuroischemic diabetic foot syndrome, abdominal aortic aneurysm and renal artery lesionsin patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Terekhin Sergey Anatol'evich , Kalashnikov Victor Afanas'evich , Mitish Valeriy Afanas'evich , Doronina Lyudmila Petrovna , Tokmakova Alla Yur'evna , Galstyan Gagik Radikovich , Peretokina Elena Viktorovna , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich
Published: November 2013

The article presents a clinical example of integrated surgical management in patient with multifocal atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease andneuro-ischemic form of diabetic foot syndrome
Study of the associations between polymorphic markers rs1800629 TNFa, rs909253 Lta, rs767455 TNFR1, rs1061624 TNFR2 and the development of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Churnosov Mikhail I. , Belousova Oksana N. , Sirotina Svetlana Sergeyevna
Published: November 2013

Aim. To study the association between polymorphic genetic markers, tumor necrosis factors and their receptors (rs 1800629 TNF, rs 909253 Lt, rs 767455 TNFR1, rs 1061624 TNFR2) and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among the population of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia.
Materials and methods. The results obtained from 544 patients, of which 236 were already diagnosed with T2D and 308 were healthy control individuals, were analysed. All the loci were analysed by DNA synthesis using PCR TaqMan probes. The statistical analysis of the frequency distribution of genotypes was performed using contingency tables and the 2 test, with p 0.05.
Results. A case-control analysis showed that genotype GG rs 909253Lt was a risk factor for T2D (OR = 2.36, p = 0.01). Also, individuals with genotype AA rs 767455TNFR1 had significantly earlier age of T2D manifestation than that of patients with genetic variants AG and GG (p = 0.01).
Conclusion. This study demonstrated the involvement of polymorphic markers of tumor necrosis factors and their receptors in the development of T2D among the residents of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia.
Epidemiological characteristics and organisation of care for patients with diabetic foot syndrome in Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug–Yugra
Authors: Girsh Yana Vladimirovna , Davidenko Oksana Petrovna
Published: November 2013

Background. Epidemiological studies in regions of Russia have revealed significant differences in the prevalence of diabetic foot syndrome (DFS).
Aims. To determine the epidemiological characteristics and associated complications of DFS in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KHMAO)-Yugra
Materials and methods.The epidemiological indicators and complications of diabetes were determined in diabetic patients in KHMAO-Yugra. The statistical reporting form №12 was used. Data from patients diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and DFS were gathered from the service area of hospitals, the state registry (20072014) and outpatient clinics in the city of Surgut (20092014). A prospective observational study with active screening and characterisation of DFS was conducted.
Results.Of all patients, 43% were at high/very high risk of developing DFS. DFS was diagnosed in 4.1% of patients with diabetes and was characterised as neuropathic (57.3%), neuroischaemic (35.1%) and ischaemic (7.6%).
Conclusions.Prevention and early diagnosis of DFS is crucial in the prevention and reduction of amputations in patients with diabetes. Given that DFS can present in various forms, programmes aimed at promoting DFS awareness are required to increase the identification and treatment of this syndrome. Additionally, improvements in the statistical tests used and better organisation of the flow patients referred to general physicians, endocrinologists, podiatrists and surgeons, are also important in the prevention and early diagnosis of DFS and its associated complications.
Renal allograft nephropathy in patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ivannikova Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Vikulova Olga Konstantinovna
Published: November 2013

Renal allotransplantation is the most effective and safest mode of renal replacement therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM),and currently is recognized as method of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease. Due to variety of factors damaging transplantedkidney in patients with DM, issues of long-term survival of the graft constitute a serious problem. Therefore, special attentionshould be directed at correction of rejection risk factors in order to prolong graft survival - and prevent development and progressionof chronic allograft nephropathy.
The role of apoptosis in pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pekareva Elena Vladimirovna , Nikonova Tatiana Vasil'evna , Smirnova Olga Mikhailovna
Published: November 2013

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is known to be associated with progressive destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Apoptosis plays the key role in this destructiveprocess. The paper focuses on major mechanisms underlying activation of beta-cell apoptosis and its role in regulation of immune processes inpatients with DM1.
Current concepts of the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kosobyan Evgenia Pavlovna , Smirnova Olga Mikhailovna
Published: November 2013

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - common chronic liver disease, characterized by pathological accumulation of fat droplets, not associatedwith alcohol. NAFLD is often a component of other diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, and contributes to the prevalence of CVDamong the population.Asymptomatic disease, the difficulty of diagnosis, the lack of a unified concept of treatment NAFLD - topical issues that require more in-depth studyand worthy of attention a wide range of specialists.
HLA-haplotypes, anti- beta-cell antibodies: their role in prognostication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (results of 11-year observation)
Authors: Titovich Elena Vital'evna , Kuraeva Tamara Leonidovna , Prokof'ev Sergey Alexandrovich , Peterkova Valentina Alexandrovna , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich
Published: November 2013

The risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) depends in the first place on the presence of predetermining HLA DR haplotypes, DQ genes, and specific autoantibodies.Aim. Prospective observation of DM1 risk groups (healthy sibs of DM patients) for the elucidation of the role of genetic and autoimmune abnormalities in thedevelopment of DM1. Materials and methods. Predetermining and protective haplotypes (HLA-DRBI, DQ genes) in combination with immunological markers (autoantibodiesto cytoplasmic structures of betbeta-cells (ICA), anti-insulin autoantibodies (IAA), anti-glutamate decarboxylase autoantibodies (GAD)) were studied in healthysibs of mean age 11.9?5.8 years selected from 143 discordant families of patients with DM1. In addition, a random sample of 599 DM1 patients (mean age7.5?6.2 years) was enrolled for molecular genetic studies (HLA-DRBI-DG genes). The control group comprised 200 subjects. Results. DQAI*0501-DQB1+0201 (DQ2) and DQAI*0301-DQBI*0302 (DG8) haplotype heterozygosity creating the highest risk of DM1, the healthy sibswere divided into 3 risk groups. The high risk group 1 (DQ2/DQ8) included 23 (13.5%) subjects, moderate risk group 2 (DQ2/X, DQ8/X) 85 (59.7%), andlow risk group 3 (X/X; X - any haplotype besides DQ2, DQ8) 63 (36.8%). The frequency of autoantibodies (AB) of 2 or 3 species in group 1 was higher thanin groups 2 and 3 (26.1, 14.1, 11.1% respectively, p>0.05; 8.7, 2.4, 0%, p
Cardiovascular implications of modern algorithm of hypoglycemic therapy: ?Florentine hypothesis?
Authors: Aleksandrov Andrey Alexeevich , Kukharenko Svetlana Semenovna , Yadrikhinskaya Maria Nikolaevna
Published: November 2013

The modern algorithm of hypoglycemic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) has been designed to effectively reach the ?target?blood glucose and HbA1c levels associated with the lowest mortality rate.The most popular scheme is combined treatment with metformin andsulfonylureasthatmakes possible the achievement of the ?target? metabolic indices in the majority of DM2 patients. However, specific cardiovascular efficiency ofthis therapy is a matter of controversy. The safest modalities of combined therapy are discussed based on the analysis of relevant epidemiological data.
Hypoglycemic therapy in patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Bondar' Irina Arkad'evna , Klimontov Vadim Valer'evich
Published: November 2013

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of renal insufficiency in developed countries. Most cases of chronic renal disease in DM patients are dueto diabetic nephropathy. The impairment of renal function at later stages of diabetic nephropathy is accompanied by complicated changes in the regulationof carbohydrate metabolism most of which require hypoglycemic therapy to be corrected
Pharmacoeconomic assessment of type 2 diabetes mellitus care on the base of Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow
Authors: Dedov Ivan Ivanovich , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna , Tarasov Evgeny Vladimirovich , Shestakova Ekaterina Alekseevna
Published: November 2013

Aims. To assess the development of medical care and pharmacological treatment at Endocrine Research Centre (ERC), Moscow, forthe period of 2010-2011 years.Materials and Methods. We analyzed files of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who underwent hospitalization to ERCafter January 1, 2010. Key parameters were assessed by means of a study chart, applied for every patient file. Mean values, medians,fractions and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for studied parameters. Various methods of parametric and non-parametricstatistics were used for comparison of acquired values. Results. Files of 100 patients with T2DM, hospitalized to Endocrinology Research Centre, were analyzed to obtain clinical characteristicsand evaluate initial (prior to hospitalization) and optimized (after hospitalization) therapeutic schemes, as well as spendingpatterns. Mean patient age exceeded 63 years, mean duration period of T2DM was greater than 14.4 years. 86% of patients weredecompensated for glycemic metabolism. 8% were diagnosed with less than 3 diabetes complications, 66% were found to have from 3to 6 complications. Almost all studied cases (98%) featured elevated blood pressure, 63% - diabetic retinopathy on different stages,59% - IHD, 51% - cataract, 49% - CKD. Lower limb angiopathy was found in 30% of cases, diabetic foot syndrome - in 15%.2 patients lost their vision due to diabetic complications and 3 patients experienced lower limb amputation. Arterial hypertension wascompensated in 14 cases from total of 98.Correction of therapy decreased fraction of patients on oral hypoglycemic agents and intermediate acting insulin (NPH), while prescriptionfrequency of short acting insulin and rapid acting human insulin analogues (as well as long acting analogues) showed oppositetrend. Optimization of therapy also included prescription of hypolipidemic drugs for majority of patients, as well as various agents forcorrection of coagulation abnormalities, treatment for CVD and other complications of T2DM.Due to described measures cost of per day treatment for 100 patients increased 2.28 times: from 8 982 RUB to 20 440 RUB (averagecost per day increased from 89.8 RUB to 204.1 RUB).Following the correction, fraction of patients with fasting glycemia 9.0 mmol/l dropped from 37% to 9%, and that with postprandial glycemia >10.0 mmol/l - from 27% to 1%.Mean fasting glycemia level decreased from 8.6 mmol/l to 6.8 mmol/l.Conducted analysis shows that prime expenditures (more that 36% from total cost structure) were associated with hospital stay (includingintensive care unit). Conclusion. Considering expanding nature of DM epidemic, there is an urgent need for effective healthcare management and preventionof severe cardiovascular complications. Priority should be established on balancing efficiency of hypoglycemic agents with theirsafety for short- and long-term prognosis.
Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and microvascular complications
Authors: Maslova Oksana Vladimirovna , Suntsov Yury Ivanovich
Published: November 2013

The present work is devoted studying of epidemiological situation of diabetes mellitus (DM). The data on prevalence and incidence of DM and itsmicrovascular complications among adult population in the different countries of the world is presented. The analysis of numerous researches allowsto speak about high prevalence of this disease all over the world and to allocate a number of the most significant risk factors of development andprogressing of diabetic complications.
The influence of concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus on the number of circulating progenitor cells in patients with ischemiccardiomyopathy
Authors: Kochegura Tatiana Nikolaevna , Akopyan Zhanna Alekseevna , Sharonov Georgy Vladimirovich , Efimenko Anastasia Yur'evna , Ageev Fail' Taipovich , Ovchinnikov Artem Germanovich , Zhigunova Lyudmila Vital'evna , Lakhova Elena Leonidovna , Kulev Boris Dmitrievich , Sokolova Angelina Vladimirovna , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna , Parfenova Elena Viktorovna
Published: November 2013

Aim. To study effect of concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus on the number of circulating progenitor cells (CPC) in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) and postinfarction heart failure (ischemic cardiomyopathy).Methods. The number of CPC (CD34+ cells) was determined by flow cytophotometry in 47 patients with CHD including 14 with CHD + DM2; 12patients without CHD and DM2 made up the control grouP. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure N-terminal precursor of brainnatriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide levels. Results. The number of CPC in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy without DM2 was 33.4% greater than in controls. In patients with cardiomyopathyand DM2 the number of CPC depended on the quality of diabetes compensation. It was lowest in case of decompensated DM2 (HbA1c=9.5?1.8%).In patients with compensated/subcompensated DM2 (HbA1c=6.8?0.3%) it was significantly higher than in controls and patients with ischemiccardiomyopathy without DM2 (mean 46.5 (p=0.006) and 40.0% (p=0.02) respectively). Conclusion. The number of CPC in peripheral blood of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and DM2 correlated with the level of DM compensation.It was lowest in patients with decompensated DM2 and exceeded the normal number in patients with CHD without DM2. The number of CPC inverselycorrelated with blood glucose level. Positive correlation of CPC number with IRI and C-peptide levels was documented in control subjects and patientswith CHD without DM2.
Rannyaya kombinirovannaya terapiya pri sakharnom diabete 2 tipa
Authors: Ametov Alexander Sergeevich , Karpova Ekaterina Vladimirovna
Published: November 2013

According to the International Diabetes Federation there are at least 285 million people suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world, and by2030 this figure is likely to be more than 438 million people, mostly at the expense of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) . According to the Stateregister of diabetic patients on January 1, 2010 in Russia there are over 3.1 million patients with diabetes, among them 2,822,634 with T2DM.Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in adults aged 20-74 years, non-traumatic lower limb amputations, and the last stage of kidney failure.More than 50-80% of patients with diabetes die of cardiovascular complications. In addition, people with T2DM live almost 10 years less than peoplewithout diabetes. With regard to the effective management of diabetes, there is strong evidence showing that improved glycemic control can significantlyreduce the risk of late complications of the disease. The project Consensus of the Russian Association of Endocrinologists (RAE) was publishedin 2011. The main emphasis in this project is on individual approach to treatment of the patient. According to the recommendations of experts RAEmonotherapy antidiabetic agents in combination with lifestyle modification is possible only at the initial level of HbA1c 6,5-7,5%. At the initial levelof HbA1c 7,6-9,0% combined therapy should be started immediately, and at the level of HbA1c above 9.0% insulin therapy should be assigned. It isimportant to note that the priority in the choice of treatment should be safety and efficacy. For one of the most efficient is the combination of metforminand DPP-4 inhibitor
Interventional cardiology and diabetes mellitus: age of effective coronary heart disease treatment
Authors: Kalashnikov Victor Yur'evich , Bondarenko Irina Ziyatovna , Kuznetsov Alexander Borisovich , Beshlieva Diana Dzhemalovna , Terekhin Sergey Anatol'evich , Melkozerov Konstantin Vladimirovich
Published: November 2013

Introduction into clinical practice of coronary angioplasty has provided new possibilities for treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patientswith diabetes mellitus. The indications for endovascular interventions and principles of coronary stenting in such patients are described in this article.
Beam combining of quantum cascade lasers for remote sensing
Authors: Tholl Hans Dieter , Wagner Joachim
Published: November 2013

This letter highlights the application of quantum cascade lasers for stand-off detection and remote sensing. In particular, we review the topic of power scaling via beam combining architectures and conclude with remarks on generating axial symmetric irradiance profiles via incoherent aperture beam combining of individual quantum cascade lasers.
Transferring diffractive optics from research to commercial applications: Part I – progress in the patent landscape
Authors: Brunner Robert
Published: November 2013

In the last 20 years, diffractive optics experienced a strong research interest and was in the center of many development projects in applied optics. To offer a side view for optical engineers, here, we discuss selected, business-related aspects of the current status of the transfer process to bring diffractive optics into commercial products. The contribution is divided into two parts. Here, in part I, we focus on the patent landscape of diffractive optics with a closer look on the temporal development and the distribution over main players. As an important result, currently, new strong patent activities are observed especially in the context of imaging systems. In the second part, the business volumes of selected market segments are discussed.
Homotopy Perturbation Method for Flow of a Third-grade Fluid Through a Vertical Concentric Annulus
Authors: Zeb Muhammad , Islam Saeed , Siddiqui Abdul Majeed , Haroon Tahira
Published: November 2013

This paper considers a theoretical study on steady incompressible flow of third grade fluid in helical screw rheometer (HSR) with zero flight angles (a vertical concentric annulus). The developed second order non linear coupled differential equations are solved by homotopy perturbation method. Expressions for torsional and longitudinal velocity components are derived. The effects of non-Newtonian parameter β on the velocity profiles are also presented through graphs. It is observed that the velocity profiles are strongly depending upon the Non-Newtonian parameter β.
Study on Dynamic Response of Visco-elastic Plate Under Transverse Periodic Load
Authors: Yan Xiaopeng , Zhang Nianmei , Yang Guitong
Published: November 2013

The dynamic behavior of simple supported rectangular thin plate subjected to transverse harmonic excitation is investigated in this paper. The compressive loads N1
and N2
is applied on edges of the plate. On assumption of small deformation, dynamic governing equation is derived. The constitutive relation of material obeys can be stood for an integral equation. By use of nonlinear Galerkin method, the partial differential governing equation is turned into integral-differential variation of the Duffing equation. The different kinds of behaviors are investigated making use of the classical tools of nonlinear dynamics, such as the phase portrait, the time-displacement history and Lyapunov exponent analysis. The results of analysis show that the values of N1
and N2
, character time of material have large influence on the dynamic response. When they satisfy some condition, chaotic motions may occur in the dynamic system.
Investigations of Evaluating Energy of Blast-induced Seismic Wave by Pressure in Elastic Zone
Authors: Chen Jian , Bai Chun-Hua , Zeng Yi-Xin , Wang Zhong-Qi , Li Jian-Ping
Published: November 2013

For an explosive source used in seismic exploration, evaluating its seismic wave energy caused by explosives exploding in the soil is an important issue. The direct method, calculating RMS (root mean square) amplitude of the seismic wave propagation in different time fields, is usually used to appraise this seismic wave energy. However, the result of calculating is not only comparatively imprecise, but also the analysis on the records of seismic wave is very complex and much labor-consuming. Even so an easier and more economical way for evaluating the energy of blast-induced seismic wave is needed. In this paper, a potential pressure measuring method in the elastic zone was proposed. The experimental results showed that under the same geological condition and the same experiment condition, the characteristic of pressure wave in the elastic zone was applicable to evaluate the energy of blast-induced seismic wave.
The Expansion Model of Debris Cloud Induced by Oblique Hypervelocity Impact
Authors: Zhang Qing-Ming , Chen Y. H. , Huang F. L. , Gong Z. Z.
Published: November 2013

For describing the dynamic evolution of debris cloud formed in oblique hypervelocity impact, a model (expressed in polar coordinates) for the shape, the velocity distribution and the mass distribution is developed according to the results of experiments and numerical simulation, and parameters of the Model are identified by nonlinear integral equations which are derived from mass conservation law and energy conservation law. Afterwards, the model has been verified by another simulation code.
Non-linear Mathematical Model for Peristaltic Motion of Bio-fluids in a Channel and Tube
Authors: Sankar D. S.
Published: November 2013

The peristaltic transport of Casson fluid in a channel and also in an inclined tube is analyzed mathematically, using long wavelength approximation and low Reynolds number assumption. The expressions for the velocity, stream function, flow rate, pressure rise and frictional force at the wall are obtained. It is found that the pressure rise decreases with the increase of the time mean flow rate and angle of inclination and increases with the increase of stress ratio and amplitude ratio. It is also noticed that the frictional force increases with the increase of the stress ratio and decreases with the increase of the angle of inclination. The estimates of the increase in the pressure rise are higher in channel flow compared to that of the inclined tube flow and the estimates of the increase in the frictional force are higher in inclined tube flow compared to that of the channel flow.
Équivalents de traduction pour les pragmatèmes dans la lexicographie bilingue Français-Espagnol
Authors: Blanco Xavier
Published: November 2013

This contribution presents a framework for a systematic description of pragmatemes. Pragmatemes are compositional phrasemes restricted in its signified and its signifier by the extralinguistic situation in which they are used, that is, by pragmatic factors. This kind of phraseological units have not attracted much attention in lexicography or metalexicography. We offer a complete metalinguistic apparatus to deal with these sequences in bilingual lexicography, through a dozen categories of microstructure. Our work is based in French-Spanish bilingual lexicography. Numerous examples are provided in both languages.
The Theory and Practice of Specialised Online Dictionaries for Translation
Authors: Fuertes-Olivera Pedro A.
Published: November 2013

This paper discusses the role dictionaries play in a translation situation within the tenets of the Function Theory of Lexicography (Bergenholtz/Tarp, 2002, 2003, 2004; Tarp 2008; Fuertes-Olivera/Tarp, 2014). It comments on the lexicographic data needed for assisting translators of specialised texts, proposes a list of recommendations for constructing high quality translation dictionaries and illustrates these views by referring to the Accounting Dictionaries, a series of interconnected Danish, English, Spanish, Danish-English, English-Danish, Spanish-English and English-Spanish dictionaries that provide assistance to the envisaged user group in a number of specified situations, e.g. L1-L2 and L2-L1 translation (Fuertes-Olivera/ Nielsen, 2012). These dictionaries are subject to a continuous process of adaptation in order to cope with theoretical modifications and technological breakthroughs, e.g. the challenges the Internet poses for making dictionaries (Fuertes-Olivera, 2013a; Fuertes-Olivera/Bergenholtz, 2011 [2013]; Fuertes-Olivera/Tarp, 2014; Tarp, 2012). For instance, since 2011 users can access several usage specific dictionaries, e.g. the Diccionario Inglés-Espanol de Contabilidad: Traducción and the Diccionario Inglés-
Espanol de Contabilidad: Traducción de Frases y Expresiones. These are Model T. Ford dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries whose articles and the visualized lexicographical data are adapted to the various functions displayed by the dictionary, frequently assisted by different types of interactive options where the users may define themselves and the activity for which they need information (Tarp, 2011 [2013]).
Gedruckte Gebrauchsgegenstände mit lexikographischen Formeigenschaften
Authors: Wiegand Herbert Ernst
Published: November 2013

As an introduction the typological position of printed utility tools with formal properties of a lexicographic nature (hereafter abbreviated as GlexFE) is determined within a typology of utility tools. This follows an extensional and intensional definition of GlexFE. Using examples a number of concepts are then informally introduced and it is shown that why and when the action-theoretically based theory of dictionary use can also be employed for a theory-based description of the use of GlexFE. The central part of this paper gives a detailed and critical examination of a regional telephone directory with special reference to its text compound constituents, its arrangement structures, its cross-reference culture, its telephone directory functions and its textual architecture. It is shown that the theory of dictionary structures allows detailed examinations and that it is so robust that it functions well and renders informative results without changing its basic concepts when expanding its application domain to include GlexFE. The analysis clearly shows that the compilation of a good telephone directory also needs lexicographic-theoretical knowledge.
Nietzsche on Suicide
Authors: Stellino Paolo
Published: November 2013

Nietzsche’s view of suicide is a topic which in the last years has been the focus of works such as Julian Young’s and Paul S. Loeb’s. Within this context, this paper seeks to add new elements to the discussion. To this purpose, Nietzsche’s attitude to suicide will be explored from two different points of view. The first part of the paper focuses on the distinction between voluntary (free) and involuntary (natural) death. Nietzsche’s appraisal of both will be scrutinized. In particular, through the comparison with the Classical and, especially, Stoic philosophy and through the critique of the religious (particularly Christian) conception of death, it will be shown, among other things, that Nietzsche defends the rationality of suicide, presents a view of voluntary death as
Nietzschean Linguistics
Authors: Zavatta Benedetta
Published: November 2013

The paper shows that Nietzsche’s theory of tropes as patterns of association of mental representations, which permeate everyday thinking and speaking, is deeply rooted in the tradition of German semasiology (semantics). Nietzsche was able to recast in a coherent paradigm the various suggestions to be found in the work of linguists and philologists of his time. Furthermore, thanks to his wide-ranging and idiosyncratic readings, his work benefited from the most striking research results in the fields of experimental psychology, biology and physiology, the result being a most original and modern theory. That is why it may be interesting and fruitful to compare his philosophy of language and, specifically, his theory of tropes, with the recent results of Cognitive Linguistics.
Friedrich Nietzsche und seine Krankheiten: kein ausreichender Anhalt für MELAS
Authors: Klopstock Thomas
Published: November 2013

Der vorherrschenden Lehrmeinung, dass Friedrich Nietzsche zumindest in seinen späten Jahren unter einer Neurosyphilis litt, wurde vor kurzem die Theorie entgegengesetzt, dass es sich um ein MELAS-Syndrom, eine seltene mitochondriale Erkrankung, gehandelt haben könnte. Der vorliegende Beitrag hält dies für eher unwahrscheinlich, da zwar ein Teil von Nietzsches Symptomen mit MELAS vereinbar ist, jedoch zu unspezifisch, um darauf eine konkrete Diagnose zu gründen. Aus naturwissenschaftlicher Sicht erscheinen weitere Spekulationen über die,wahre Ursache von Nietzsches Krankheiten müßig, solange diese nicht z. B. mittels genetischer Untersuchungen bestätigt oder verworfen werden können.
Earth’s Garden-Happiness: Nietzsche’s Geoaesthetics of the Anthropocene
Authors: Shapiro Gary
Published: November 2013

This essay proposes a reading of the concept and metaphor of the garden in Nietzsche’s philosophy as a contribution to exploring his aesthetics of the human earth and, accordingly, of his idea of the
Chronicles in Preservation: Preserving Digital News and Newspapers
Authors: Krabbenhoeft Nick , Skinner Katherine , Schultz Matt , Zarndt Frederick
Published: November 2013

Since the mid-1990s, libraries and archives have been digitizing newspapers for preservation and access. The standards used for this work have evolved significantly. Today’s collections employ digitization, metadata extraction and standards, and file formats that are different from those used for early collections. Increasingly, libraries and archives also include borndigital material. Given the importance of newspapers as primary documents of history, libraries and archives must preserve their digitized and born-digital collections carefully. The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH)1 has funded the Chronicles in Preservation project to study the preservation readiness of digital newspaper collections. Led by the Educopia Institute (www.educopia.org), the project has brought together seven academic libraries in the U.S. and three distributed digital preservation (DDP) systems-MetaArchive, Chronopolis, and the University of North Texas’s Coda repository. These partners are accomplishing a range of activities. First, they investigated community standards, specifications, and practices for digital newspaper collections and distilled this information into a set of Guidelines for Digital Newspaper Preservation Readiness. Second, they exported collections from libraries and ingested them into the DDP systems, documenting these test exchanges in a Comparative Anaysis of Distributed Digital Frameworks. Finally, the project is augmenting a set of existing digital preservation tools to simplify the packaging and exchange of digital newspaper collections. This paper provides a walkthrough of the structure and contents of the Guidelines for Preservation Readiness of Digital Newspapers, shares the evaluative metrics for the Comparative Analysis of Distributed Digital Preservation Frameworks, and discusses the implementations of the interoperability tools.
Digital Watermarks and Palimpsest Steganography in Special Collections
Authors: Scott Jack
Published: November 2013

Libraries today face the same challenges that they always have faced, but with the additional dimension that the world of computers engenders. Policies and practices have been developed for deterring theft and for recovering stolen library materials in the analog world, but we are in an incunabula period for doing the same for digital documents-images and pictorial and sound materials. One means of protection for both kinds of materials is marking them indelibly. This can be done in a variety of ways for physical materials, but there is a new world of electronic marking that is in its infancy. This practice, called Steganography, creates digital watermarks that can be hidden, but they may also be detected and erased. This essay discusses attempts to create digital watermarks that resist tampering with.
Evolving language ideologies and media practices in Iceland / Die Entwicklung neuer Sprachideologien und Medienpraktiken in Island / Evolution des ideologies linguistiques et des pratiques médiatiques en Islande
Authors: Kristinsson Ari Páll
Published: November 2013

Viele Beobachtungen deuten darauf hin, dass junge Isländer im Begriff sind, schrittweise Medienpraktiken zu entwickeln, die sich von denen der älteren Generationen deutlich unterscheiden, und dass der Einfluss von traditionellen, redaktionell sorgfältig gestalteten Mediengattungen abnimmt. Obwohl Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die puristischen Sprachideologien Islands in linguistischen Diskursen und Praktiken von jungen Menschen immer noch präsent sind, könnte der neue Trend zu einem Rückgang des Standardgebrauchs in Grammatik und Wortschatz führen. Aktuelle Medienpraktiken erstrecken sich auf eine wachsende Zahl öffentlicher Texte, die keiner institutioneilen sprachlichen Regelung unterliegen. Des Weiteren gibt es Anzeichen, dass die Verwendung sprachlicher Non-Standard-Formen im öffentlichen Raum von jüngeren Isländern zunehmend akzeptiert wird. Isländische Politiker sind der Ansicht, dass die Mediensprache durch explizite Politik und Gesetzgebung geregelt werden kann und auch geregelt werden sollte. Dies wird in diesem Beitrag beschrieben und diskutiert. Außerdem liefert der Beitrag einen Überblick über die gegenwärtige Medienlandschaft in Island.