bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate Therapeutic Outcomes and Medium Term Follow up Results of Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty in Pulmonary Valve Stenosis in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Yin Dan , Wu Xiaoyun , Xiang Ping , Zhang Yu , Tian Jie , Lv Tiewei , Yi Qijian , Li Mi
Published: May 2021

Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty is a preferred treatment in
pulmonary valve stenosis children with higher success rate. It is
important to study the risk factors of postoperative severe pulmonary
regurgitation, residual stenosis, and re-stenosis.
Residents’ perceptions of cruise tourism in an overcrowded city The case of Venice
Authors: Chiappa Giacomo Del , Checchinato Francesca , Atzeni Marcello
Published: May 2021

Tourism is one of the most important industries in Europe: it represents 10% of the European Union GDP and 12 million people are employed in this sector (UNWTO, 2018). Due to its important contribution to the economy and its impact on the community, it affects the everyday life of residents, both in a positive and negative way. Within the industry, cruise tourism is the fastest growing segment of leisure tourism (Klein, 2011). In the last twenty years, the cruise sector has increased significantly, amounting to 24.7 million passengers in 2016 (CLIA, 2018) and employing 1,021,681 people around the world (BREA, 2017). Further, the cruise sector produces $57.9 billion in direct expenditures, thus creating a total economic output of $125.96 billion worldwide. In this scenario, academic research has devoted to analyze the residents’ perceptions and attitudes toward cruise tourism development (i.e. Brida et al., 2011; Del Chiappa & Abbate, 2016). However, studies have mostly analyzed cruising destinations in the Caribbean, Arctic and the polar areas (Hritz & Cecil 2008; Diedrich 2010; Klein 2010; Stewart et al., 2013; Heeney, 2015; Stewart et al., 2015; Jordan & Vogt, 2017) and, recently, also in the Mediterranean area (Marušić et al., 2008; Brida et al., 2012; Peručić & Puh, 2012; Pulina et al., 2013; Del Chiappa & Abbate 2016; Del Chiappa et al., 2017; Del Chiappa, et al., 2018b; Del Chiappa, et al., 2018c), mainly focusing on port-of-call cruise destinations. Despite this, only few studies have been carried out on homeport cruise destinations so far (Brida & Zapata 2010), and very few studies exist on destinations where the number of tourists creates massive overcrowding. This study was therefore carried out by surveying a quota sample of 354 individuals residing in Venice. Venice was selected as the research setting for this study for two main reasons. First, it is the second homeport in the Mediterranean area and one of the most famous tourism destinations worldwide, with around 24 million tourists a year. Second, it is considered to be affected by the so-called overtourism phenomenon (Seraphin et al., 2018). Anti-tourism movements have been growing in the last few years, voicing their concerns toward the continuous growth of the tourism phenomenon in the city, particularly toward cruise-related activities. This renders the research setting particularly interesting for the purposes of this study. Specifically, this paper aims to profile residents in Venice according to their perceptions towards the impacts of cruise tourism, and to ascertain whether there are significant differences among the clusters based on the socio-demographic traits of respondents.
Host–tourist interactions and residents’ attitudes towards sustainable tourism development
Authors: Irani Foad , Öztüren Ali , Akhshik Arash
Published: May 2021

Tourism is often prescribed as a powerful catholicon for socio-economic development of island states (Chen et al., 2011; Ribeiro et al., 2013). Although tourism provides some benefits for residents and destinations, its introduction creates adverse impacts as a by-product of its functioning that erodes sustainable development goals (Alipour et al., 2020); therefore, in order to minimize the unintended impacts, the involvement of all stakeholders in the planning process is recommended by many scholars (e.g. Chang & Mak, 2018; Cusick, 2009; Ribeiro et al., 2018). Amongst the many stakeholders einvolved in the sustainable tourism management of an island, residents have been considered as the most important and effective, without whom any plans towards sustainable development goals may be doomed to failure (Lalicic & Önder, 2018). Investigating the attitude of residents about the impacts of any development plan is gaining momentum in tourism, as an essential concern in managing and marketing sustainable tourism products and services (Chen & Chen, 2010; Choi & Murray, 2010; Kebete & Wondirad, 2019; Wang & Chen, 2015). Accordingly, the literature has been enriched with a variety of different studies related to residents’ attitudes, interactions with tourists and different aspects of sustainable development, yet the ambiguity in the perception of these topics by locals is far from adequately explored (Eusebio et al., 2018). Therefore, it is imperative to delve into the host-tourist interactions to have a richer understanding of the residents’ role in sustainable tourism development. Notably, it is vital to consider tourism as one of the biggest industries considered beneficial in developing countries and small state islands due to political and development nature of these areas, yet, there is a lack of adequate studies specifically in the developing nations (Akhshik et al., 2020; Sirivongs & Tsuchiya, 2012).
PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP IDENTITAS KONSTITUSI INDONESIA
Authors: Maulinawaty Nadya Dewi Nurul
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKSetiap negara memiliki ciri konstitusi yang berbeda-beda, begitu pula dengan identitas konstitusi yang dilatar belakangi oleh sejarah dan politik. Di Indonesia, Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 merupakan hukum dasar tertulis yang berisikan prinsip-prinsip dasar bagi peraturan lainnya. Dalam kaitannya dengan ciri dari suatu negara, maka identitas dari UUD 1945 sebagai konstitusi negara harus dilindungi. Hal ini erat kaitannya pada saat melakukan perubahan atau amandemen, sehingga identitas konstitusi harus tetap terjaga dan tidak mengubah diluar kesepakatan sehingga tidak menjadikannya sebagai sebuah konstitusi yang baru. Tulisan ini akan membahas sejauh mana perlindungan identitas konstitusi dapat menciptakan ketahanan konstitusi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perlindungan konstitusi. Penelitian hukum normatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, dengan demikian didapatkan hasil bahwa perlindungan identitas konstitusi berpengaruh terhadap ketahanan konstitusi, khususnya apabila terjadi perubahan atau amandemen sehingga ruh konstitusi tetap tercermin sebagai ciri dari bangsa. Diperlukan lembaga khusus untuk memeriksa dan mengawasi perubahan konstitusi Indonesia yaitu dengan memberikan kewenangan tambahan kepada Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk menguji konstitusionalitas terhadap perubahan UUD 1945. Kata Kunci: identitas konstitusi; konstitusi; perlindungan

ABSTRACTEvery country has different constitutional characteristics, as well as a constitutional identity which is based on history and politics. In Indonesia, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is a written basic law which contains the basic principles for other regulations. In relation to the characteristics of a country, the identity of the 1945 Constitution as the state constitution must be protected. This is closely related when making changes or amendments, so that the identity of the constitution must be maintained and not change outside the agreement so as not to make it a new constitution. This paper will discuss the extent to which constitutional identity protection can create constitutional resilience and the factors that affect constitutional protection. Normative legal research is used in this study using a conceptual approach, thus the results show that the protection of constitutional identity has an effect on the resilience of the constitution, especially when changes or amendments occur so that the spirit of the constituency is still reflected as a characteristic of the nation. A special institution is needed to examine and supervise changes to the Indonesian constitution, namely by giving additional powers to the Constitutional Court to examine the constitutionality of the amendments to the 1945 Constitution. Keywords: constitutional identity; constitution; protection
Espiritualidade/religiosidade e psiquiatria em Eugenio Borgna
Authors: Fernandes Marcio Luiz , Massimi Marina
Published: May 2021

O objetivo deste artigo será mostrar como o tema da espiritualidade/religiosidade é abordado pelo psiquiatra italiano Eugenio Borgna no horizonte da antropologia fenomenológica. Os conhecimentos filosóficos, teológicos e literários são recursos aos quais ele recorre para meditar sobre as questões de sentido que atravessam a experiência humana, como são aquelas da dimensão interior da dor, da fragilidade, das emoções e do respeito à dignidade da pessoa. As edições dos seus livros aparecem acompanhadas por dois índices, um de nomes e outro bibliográfico, com as referências. Utilizamos tais índices para nos orientar no reconhecimento das fontes que mais aproximam Borgna das questões últimas da existência. Em seguida identificamos quatro categorias com as quais foi possível revelar a compreensão da espiritualidade/religiosidade em Borgna, a saber: o sentido do humano, da transcendência, do sofrimento e da interioridade. Nota-se, por fim, que o acesso a esse tipo de produção fenomenológica, no âmbito da saúde, pode reforçar a consciência sobre a necessidade de preparar os profissionais para uma escuta mais atenta a respeito das exigências espirituais e da vontade de sentido dos pacientes.
Demarcando as fronteiras da ciência da religião: um esboço com referências à discussão epistemológica na Alemanha
Authors: Reuter Astrid , Usarski Frank
Published: May 2021

O artigo apresenta os denominadores comuns das publicações recentes em língua alemã que abordam questões e problemas epistemológicos relevantes para a identidade e a autonomia da ciência da religião. Trata-se de resultados de uma pesquisa bibliográfica na busca de convergências argumentativas entre os autores consultados. O texto parte da hipótese de que o consenso descoberto nas respectivas obras é uma consequência de esforços coletivos de confirmar o status da ciência da religião enquanto disciplina independente.
A Santa Sé e as divisões eclesiásticas da região amazônica (1860-1930)
Authors: Marin Jérri Roberto , Fonseca André Dioney
Published: May 2021

Este artigo analisa as intervenções dos núncios apostólicos no Brasil, da Santa Sé e do episcopado na região amazônica para criar novas circunscrições eclesiásticas católicas entre 1860 e 1930. A grande extensão territorial, as dificuldades nos meios de comunicação, a escassez de clero e de recursos, bem como o desejo de tornar eficaz a assistência religiosa, combater as religiões concorrentes e cristianizar as populações indígenas, justificaram os desmembramentos territoriais. Ou seja, trata-se de política levada a efeito a partir de interesses específicos da Igreja e não, propriamente, como consequência de uma aliança tácita com o Estado. As fontes utilizadas foram obtidas no Arquivo Apostólico do Vaticano e no Arquivo da Sagrada Congregação dos Trabalhos Eclesiásticos Extraordinários, e permitiram compreender as articulações e os projetos dos representantes pontifícios e da Santa Sé e suas relações com o episcopado.
Heterofunctional oligoperoxides on the interface
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Voronov Stanislav , Samaryk Volodymyr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

It is shown that the attachment of macromolecules of the functional oligoperoxides to the planar polymeric surfaces or to the surface of a dispersed phase results in the localization of the peroxide groups on the interface. Designing of interphase layers with a well-defined structure and nature with the use of the peroxydized interphases and grafting reaction “to” and "from" the surface is carried out. The compatibilizing polymeric layers in polymeric blends and the grafting surface layers with special properties are formed.
The initial stages of cyclooctene oxidation by molecular oxygen in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Trach Yuriy , Bulgakova Lidiya ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Makota Oksana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

The initial stages of liquid-phase oxidation of cyclooctene by molecular oxygen in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide were investigated. It was shown that radical formation is the result of bimolecular decomposition of hydroperoxide. The influence of azodiizobutyronitrile on this process was studied. The kinetic parameters of the process were calculated.
Obtaining of high-octane components by conversion of hydrocarbon raw material on high-silica zeolites
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Shevchuk Vasyl , Macyak Olexandra ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Babyak Ludmila ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: May 2021

Catalytic conversion of gaseous alkanes, alkenes and gasoline fractions over high-silica zeolites of ZSM-5 type has been studied. The optimal condition for the production of high-octane components of motor fuels over ZVM+2% mass of Zn modified catalyst and non-modified catalyst ZVN have been established
Corrosion protection of oil production and refinery equipment
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Topilnitskij Petro
Published: May 2021

The review of methods of industrial equipment corrosion prevention is presented. Application of technological means using chemical reagents and surface-active substances is considered, namely dehydration and desalting of hydrocarbon products of deposits by surface-active substances – so called demulsifiers. Corrosion inhibitors and neutralizing agents for protection of condensation-refrigeration equipment and overheads of atmospheric columns are examined. The amount of reagents to be used and the process conditions were determined.
CDKN2B-AS1 gene polymorphism is associated with primary open-angle glaucoma in women of the Central Black Earth Region, Russia
Authors: Eliseeva NV , Ponomarenko IV , Churnosov MI
Published: May 2021

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a complex disorder. Genetic factors play a vital part in POAG. The prevalence of POAG is gender-specific: the disorder is more often diagnosed in women. Results of the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) strongly support the association of CDKN2B-AS1 gene polymorphism with POAG. The aim was to perform the replicative study of CDKN2B-AS1 gene polymorphic loci association with POAG in women of the Central Black Earth Region, Russia. Five CDKN2B-AS1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), rs1063192, rs7865618, rs2157719, rs944800, and rs4977756, were genotyped in 290 female patients with POAG and 220 female controls. The differences in the haplotype block structure between the POAG patients (no haplotype blocks) and the controls (haplotype block consisting of three SNPs, rs1063192, rs7865618 and rs2157719, was detected) for the set of studied CDKN2B-AS1 SNPs were revealed using the Solid Spine algorithm (D’ > 0.8). CDKN2B-AS1 gene haplotype GGG rs1063192–rs7865618–rs2157719 is associated with POAG in women. This haplotype is considered a protective factor of the disorder (OR = 0.66; p = 0.006, рperm = 0.037).
Emergency surgical care for patients with COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection at multispecialty hospital
Authors: Reshetnikov MN , Plotkin DV , Zuban ON , Bogorodskaya EM
Published: May 2021

The double burden of the novel coronavirus infection and tuberculosis (TB) is a global challenge. The aspects of emergency surgical care for patients with COVID-19 and TB coinfection remain understudied. The aim of this study was to assess treatment outcomes in acute surgical patients with COVID-19 and preexisting TB coinfection. In 2020, our Center delivered surgical care to 465 patients with COVID-19 and preexisting TB; a total of 64 emergency surgeries were performed on 36 (5.6%) patients, of whom 16 had HIV. Thirteen patients (36.1%) were diagnosed with pulmonary TB; 23 patients (63.9%) had disseminated TB. Chest CT scans showed >25% lung involvement in 61.9% of the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, 25–50% lung involvement in 30.6% of the patients, and 50–75% lung involvement in 5.6% of the patients. By performing abdominal CT, we were able to detect abdominal TB complications, including perforated tuberculous ulcers of the intestine, intestinal obstruction and tuberculous peritonitis, as well as tuberculous spondylitis complicated by psoas abscess. Of all surgical interventions, 28.2% were abdominal, 23.2% were thoracic, 15.6% were surgeries for soft tissue infection, and 32.8% were other types of surgery. Postoperative mortality was 22.2%. We conclude that COVID-19 did not contribute significantly to postoperative mortality among acute surgical patients with TB.
Polimorfizm gena CDKN2B-AS1 associirovan s pervichnoj otkrytougol'noj glaukomoj u zhenshchin Central'nogo CHernozem'ya Rossii
Authors: Елисеева Н. В. , Пономаренко И. В. , Чурносов М. И.
Published: May 2021

Pervichnaya otkrytougol'naya glaukoma (POUG) — eto mnogofaktornoe zabolevanie, v razvitii kotorogo znachimuyu rol' igrayut nasledstvennye faktory. Rasprostranennost' POUG imeet gendernye osobennosti — zabolevanie chashche vyyavlyayut u zhenshchin. Rezul'taty polnogenomnyh issledovanij (GWAS) svidetel'stvuyut v pol'zu associacii polimorfizma gena CDKN2B-AS1 s POUG. Cel'yu issledovaniya bylo replikativnoe izuchenie associacij polimorfnyh lokusov gena CDKN2B-AS1 s POUG u zhenshchin Central'nogo CHernozem'ya Rossii. U 290 pacientok s POUG i 220 zhenshchin kontrol'noj gruppy bylo vypolneno genotipirovanie pyati odnonukleotidnyh polimorfizmov (SNP) gena CDKN2B-AS1 — rs1063192, rs7865618, rs2157719, rs944800 i rs4977756. Pri ispol'zovanii algoritma «Solid Spine» (zadannyj porog D’ > 0,8) byli vyyavleny razlichiya v strukture blokov scepleniya po issleduemym pyati SNP gena CDKN2B-AS1 mezhdu bol'nymi POUG (bloki scepleniya otsutstvovali) i kontrolem (ustanovlen blok scepleniya, sostoyashchij iz trekh SNP — rs1063192, rs7865618 i rs2157719). U zhenshchin gaplotip GGG rs1063192–rs7865618–rs2157719 gena CDKN2B-AS1 associirovan s POUG — on yavlyaetsya protektivnym faktorom razvitiya zabolevaniya (OSH = 0,66; p = 0,006, rperm = 0,037).
Perspektivy ispol'zovaniya biolyuminescentnoj sistemy Chaetopterus variopedatus dlya monitoringa ferroptoza v zhivyh organizmah
Authors: Щеглов А. С. , Царькова А. С.
Published: May 2021

Ferroptoz — osobyj tip programmiruemoj gibeli kletok, svyazannyj s intensivnym okisleniem lipidov pod dejstviem svobodnyh ionov dvuhvalentnogo zheleza. Novye induktory i supressory ferroptoza mogut stat' osnovoj dlya sozdaniya preparatov dlya lecheniya nejrodegenerativnyh i onkologicheskih zabolevanij. Dlya poiska takih induktorov (supressorov) ferroptoza neobhodimo detektirovat' etot process v zhivyh kletkah ili u laboratornyh zhivotnyh. Lyuciferaza (fotoprotein) morskogo drakona Chaetopterus variopedatus dlya svoej aktivnosti trebuet pomimo dvuh kofaktorov nalichiya ionov zheleza i peroksida vodoroda (libo organicheskih gidroperoksidov). Sootvetstvenno biolyuminescentnaya sistema morskogo drakona mozhet byt' ispol'zovana dlya monitoringa ferroptoza v zhivyh organizmah.
Feminism in Shashi Deshpande's That Long Silence and Anita Desai's Cry, the Peacock: A Comparative Study
Authors: Koolwal Priti
Published: May 2021

Feminism is a rapidly developing critical ideology of great promise. In the words of M.K. Bhatnagar, "Feminism in the Indian context is a by product of western liberalism in general and feminist thoughts in particular". With the social and cultural change in post independence India, women find themselves standing at the cross-roads. On one hand it is the consciousness of a changed time and on the other, the socio-cultural modes and values that have given them defined role towards themselves, have led to the fragmentation of the very psyche of these women. Caught between two worlds, they need to define themselves, their place in society and their relationship with surroundings. Anita Desai and Shashi Deshpande have constantly sought to come to grips with these problems of Indian womanhood and vividly and realistically portrayed the 'women question' and 'feministic traits' in their   novels. If comparative study is the study of literature across national, political and linguistic boundaries, feminism is the comparative work across boundaries of gender and culture. The main concern of this paper is to present a comparative study of the note of feminism in the best words of both these feministic writers, i.e. Anita Desai's Cry, The Peacock and Shashi Deshpande's That Long Silence.
Typical Indian Parents’ Mentality Portrayed in the Drama “Do the Needful” by Mahesh Dattani
Authors: Gouda Mr.Y. Srinivasa
Published: May 2021

Mahesh Dattani is a well-known playwright and a film director of India, whose themes mainly revolve around modern-day Indian issues. Although the main theme of the drama “Do the Needful” is not about the mindsets of the Indian parents, the researcher has found it interesting that the dialogues between parents of the Lata and Alpesh sound very much like the typical parents of many households. The qualities that the parents look for in a Son-in-law of a Daughter-in-law, the discussion between the mother and father weighing the pros and cons of the match, forcing the wedding on their children, talking high of the properties of the in-laws, all these factors are the stories of many households in India.  This research paper is an attempt to bring out some of the typical characteristics of the mindset of the Indian parents with reference to the play.  In the first part of the paper, the researcher introduces Mahesh Dattani as a playwright and introduces the general traits of the Indian parents. The researcher justifies that it is not to generalize but to reflect the attitude of the majority of Indian parents. In the second part of the play and the theme are explained. In the next part of the paper, various lines from the play that represent the theme are taken and explained amalgamated with the quotes of other researchers to justify the theme of the research paper. The last part of the research paper concludes with the critical appreciation of the play.
Socio-philosophical analysis of the transformation of modern society
Authors: Tileubergenov Yerazak Manapovich , Pelevin Sergei Igorevich , Saduakassov Sharap Seitkasymovich , Vasiliev Alexey Mikhailovich
Published: May 2021

The trasformation of the moder society is often considered through the analysys of developing and modernizing countries that are undergoing transitional socio-economic conditions and stages of radical transformation of socio-political structures. At the same time, it is often overlooked that the development of many countries also went through periods of modernization, which included evolutionary and revolutionary transformations. This article will consider different approaches to the socio-philisophical analysis of the modern society transformation with the aim to structure current and historical knowledge of this matter.
Fixed points and sets of multivalued contractions: an advanced survey with some new results
Authors: Andres Jan , Fišer Jiřı́ , Górniewicz Lech
Published: May 2021

The existence of fixed points and, in particular, coupled fixed points is investigated for multivalued contractions in complete metric spaces. Multivalued coupled fractals are furthermore explored as coupled fixed points of certain induced operators in hyperspaces, i.e. as coupled compact subsets of the original spaces. The structure of fixed point sets is considered in terms of absolute retracts. We also formulate a continuation principle for multivalued contractions as a nonlinear alternative based on the topological essentiality. Two illustrative examples about coupled multivalued fractals are supplied.
Agroecología: una revolución del pensamiento en las ciencias agrarias
Authors: Sarandón Santiago J.
Published: May 2021

La Agroecología es un nuevo campo de conocimientos, que reúne, sintetiza y aplica saberes de otras disciplinas con una óptica holística y sistémica y un fuerte componente ético, para generar conocimientos y aplicarlos al desarrollo de agroecosistemas sustentables. Su aparición y consolidación representa uno de los acontecimientos más importantes en el área de las ciencias agrarias en los últimos años. Pero, ¿es una alternativa productiva económicamente viable para un país como Argentina, frente al modelo agro-químico industrial? Este artículo aborda ésta y otras cuestiones y propone diversos lineamientos para orientar las políticas públicas y producir un cambio del paradigma socio productivo de Argentina y los países de la región.
Literary Parallels: Anton Chekhov and Mór Jókai
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies RAS, Kurennaya Natalia
Published: May 2021

The article as a whole describes the work of the Hungarian prose writer Mór Jókai, the topics and problemanics of his works. But the author’s attention is focused on the “Russian text” in the novels of Mór Jókai, compared with the “Hungarian text” in the works of Anton Chekhov in the 1880s.
Modern technologies of social management in the US political process (using the example of the 2020 presidential election campaign)
Authors: Feldman P. Y. , Danyuk N. S. , Senokop Y. S.
Published: May 2021

This article provides an applied analysis of the social network technologies used by Western IT-companies to exert a direct or indirect influence on political processes. The study focuses on a set of tools that were employed to shape the media landscape during the 2020 presidential election campaign in the United States. Overall, the empirical observations suggest that the largest networking services (such as Facebook, Twitter, Google, YouTube, etc.) more or less contributed to the success of the Democratic candidate.

Having studied the relevant U.S. experience, the authors identify a set of manipulative techniques used by social network administrators to form specific electoral attitudes among users. These include blocking accounts; setting up search algorithms to produce pre-programmed results; labeling ideologically objectionable materials as “fake”, “untrustworthy”, “manipulative” and “potentially dangerous”; automatically recommending certain materials for viewing; and removing or pessimizing unwanted content.

Seeking to expand their own audience, social networks flood the media space with so-called “partisan” content, which is vigorously welcomed by one part of society and just as vigorously rejected by another. This leads to polarization and radicalization of the masses. The most destructive consequences of this process can be witnessed in the United States, where Democrat and Republican supporters become not just political opponents but real antagonists.

Social media, search engines and news aggregators, developing their capacity as political actors, pave the way to a qualitative change in the established electoral practices. The greatest concern is the ability of IT-companies to manipulate the political consciousness and behavior of citizens during crucial election campaigns. Considering this circumstance, the authors raise a question about the need to regulate the political and communication processes unfolding on the Internet platforms.
Spin-Valued Four Bosons Electrodynamics
Authors: Doria R. , Soares I.
Published: May 2021

Electromagnetism is based on electric charge and spin. The study here corresponds to understand on spin effects at a vectorial electrodynamics. Its scenario is a non-linear abelian electromagnetism where the electric charge is transmitted through a four bosons quadruplet, constituted by the usual photon, massive photon and charged massive photons. These four bosons intermediate the charge exchange ΔQ = 0, ±1.The spin is introduced at first principles. A spintronics Lagrangian for four vector fields is performed. Considering that spin is a space-time physical entity derived from Lorentz Group, these vector fields are associated to Lorentz Group, as Lie algebra valued. Similarly to non-abelian gauge theories where Aμ≡ Aμ,ata, one introduces the relationship Aμ≡ Aμ,κλΣκλ where (Σκλ)αβ is the Lorentz Group generator.
Thus, based on three fundamentals which are light invariance, electric charge conservation law and vector fields Lie algebra valued through Lorentz Group generators, one derives a spin-valued four vectorial electrodynamics. It is given by the fields quadruplet Aμ1 ≡ {Aμ, Uμ, Vμ±}  where Aμ means the usual photon, Uμ a massive photon and Vμ± massive charged photons. Two novelties appear. The first one is that, new terms are developed into usual four bosons electromagnetism. They contribute to Lagrangian, equations of motion, Noether theorem. The second one is that the equations of motion derive a renormalizable spin coupling with the electric and magnetic fields.There is a spin-1 electrodynamics to be investigated. A neutral electromagnetism is mandatory to be analyzed. Something beyond dipole, quadrupole and so on. Understand the role of spin in the electrical and magnetic properties of particles. A spin vectorial expression S-->  is obtained. It adds EM interactions not depending on electric charge and with spin interactions through electric dipole and magnetic moments.
Legacies of mistrust
Authors: Carolini Gabriella Y. , Hess Sarra Lynn
Published: May 2021

National authorities across Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa have implemented various forms of fiscal decentralization over the past three decades with equivocal results. The design of such reforms haslong rested on theories based on the experiences of high-income countries’ efforts at increasing local autonomy, accountability, and basic service efficiencies.  Critics of the global advocacy for fiscal decentralization, however, point to several challenges with its implementation across diverse political economies that differ significantly from those in high-income environments.  Nonetheless, these critiques often obscure the impact that colonial regimes and their legacies have on current efforts to fiscally decentralize.  In two post-colonial environments where fiscal decentralization projects have unrolled, namely Mozambique and Mexico, we show how colonial imprints remain critical to understanding efforts at fiscal decentralization. Our focus in these cases is on how race-based caste systems introduced under colonial administrations fed the development and evolution of dual governance systems across spaces and peoples that bred mistrust between residents, local authorities and central authorities. We argue that the conflicting rationales in evidence between stakeholders involved in fiscal decentralization projects today are rooted in the social mistrust and power struggles born from these colonial experiences.  In conclusion, we contend that fiscal decentralization reforms must explicitly grapple with these spatialized and racialized legacies of mistrust and the diverse rationalities guiding stakeholders in both the design and evaluation of public policies meant to strengthen local autonomy,transparency, and efficiencies.
Gentrifying the Brazilian city?
Authors: Toneli Siqueira Marina
Published: May 2021

There is a growing number of processes in Brazilian cities that have been identified as gentrification. However, the classic definition of gentrification as a process of transformation of existing urban housing stocks by new homeowners with a higher socio-economic profile poses challenges to understand recent empirical data coming from Brazil and the Global South more generally. Instead of dismissing them as deviant cases, this paper challenges the Northern empirical foundations of gentrification theory and calls for a new methodological approach to both classic and new cases that take into consideration its contextualization. This new framework for gentrification research is based on necessary dimensions that identify the production of gentrifiable space as the initial condition to the process of socioeconomic change with displacement in which built-environment upgrades constitute one of its most visible feature. These dimensions are present in each and every case, bounding the concept and operationalizing research, while local mediating forces make gentrification context-specific. Therefore, urban studies on gentrification. Should understand and explore the nature of these differences, in a return to in-depth studies and empirical research, opening spaces for de-centering positions and building theory from multiple positionalities.
Diversidad de uso tecnológico en el alumnado universitario; lo académico vs. lo personal
Authors: Romero Andonegui Ainara , Tejada Garitano Eneko , López de la Serna Arantzazu , Bilbao Quintana Naiara
Published: May 2021

La integración de la tecnología en el ámbito universitario requiere tanto de herramientas tecnológicas como de diseño pedagógico que lleve a prácticas efectivas. Nuestras Universidades han invertido en recursos y en formación para ello, pero la repercusión esperada en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje está tardando en darse. En este estudio se quiere partir de la percepción del alumnado sobre los recursos relacionados con las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) universitarios y su uso, y comparar las expectativas y uso que realizan en este entorno académico con el que realizan en su ámbito personal. Participan en el estudio 186 estudiantes del Grado de Educación a los que se les facilitó el test ECAR. Los resultados muestran que el alumnado desconoce gran parte de los recursos TIC universitarios y las posibilidades pedagógicas que éstos ofrecen. Se subraya que los estudiantes prefieren una enseñanza presencial y con una utilización mínima de tecnología, a pesar de reconocer su implicación en el éxito académico. También se ha encontrado que las expectativas y uso que realiza de los recursos TIC en el plano académico difiere sustancialmente al que hace fuera del aula. En líneas futuras, habría que resolver por qué el alumnado desconoce los recursos TIC universitarios y sus posibilidades educativas y en qué medida afecta el uso e integración de la tecnología que hace el profesorado en las expectativas y uso de ellas por parte del alumnado.
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Karakter dalam Langen Carita Lakon Patine Arya Penangsang
Authors: Lintang Avyana Destyasti , Sarjiwo Sarjiwo , Iswantara Nur
Published: May 2021

AbstractCharacter education in Indonesia is being re-implemented to shape students to have intellect and character and can be taught through art education, one of which is Javanese opera. Langen carita is one of the arts that is intended to shape children's character as a continuation of children's art education. Langen carita is a form of the sariswara method in which there are literature, songs/music/karawitan, stories and solah bawa in short operas or children's plays (ages 10-14 years). Langen carita has also developed as a performing art with many historical stories, chronicles, or daily life, including Patine Arya Penangsang. This study aims to describe the values of character education in the language of the play Patine Arya Penangsang. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method by studying, analyzing, expressing, and describing character education values in performing art. Data collection techniques used literature study, interviews, observation, and documentation, which were then validated using triangulation. The results showed that Langen Carita entitled Patine Arya Penangsang has values of religious character education, tolerance, discipline, creativity, love for the country, responsibility, leadership, self-confidence, never giving up, cooperation, obedience, perseverance, patience, courtesy, and sincere. In the elements of drama, dance, and music. AbstrakPendidikan karakter di Indonesia sedang diterapkan kembali untuk membentuk siswa memiliki akal pikiran dan budi pekerti dan dapat diajarkan melalui pendidikan seni, salah satunya dalam bentuk opera jawa. Langen carita merupakan salah satu kesenian yang ditujukan untuk membentuk karakter anak sebagai lanjutan pendidikan seni dolanan anak. Langen carita adalah bentuk dari metode sariswara yang di dalamnya terdapat sastra, tembang/lagu/musik/karawitan, cerita dan solah bawa dalam bentuk opera kecil atau sandiwara anak (usia 10-14 tahun). Langen carita juga berkembang sebagai seni pertunjukan dengan banyak cerita sejarah, babad atau kehidupan sehari-hari, salah satunya patine Arya Penangsang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam langen carita lakon Patine Arya Penangsang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan mengkaji, menganalisis, mengungkapkan, dan menggambarkan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter di dalam suatu kesenian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka, wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi, yang kemudian divalidasi menggunakan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa langen carita berjudul Patine Arya Penangsang memiliki nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter religius, toleransi, disiplin, kreatif, cinta tanah air, tanggungjawab, kepemimpinan, percaya diri, pantang menyerah, kerja sama, patuh, tekun, sabar, sopan santun, dan ikhlas dalam unsur drama, tari, dan musik.
Front Matter
Authors: IJOPAED Admin
Published: May 2021

This is a front matter by Vol 1 No 1 edition
THE EVOLUTION OF HOMO ECONOMICUS
Authors: Komarovskaia N. V.
Published: May 2021

The article provides a review of the ways in which interdisciplinary research in modern economic thought gives a more realistic understanding of human behavior and economic decision making. On the one hand, economic imperialism drove wider application of economics methods across social sciences and brought about new interdisciplinary fields, such as law and economics, economic sociology, public choice theory, etc. On the other hand, the origin of behavioral economics, experimental economics, and neuroeconomics bridging psychology, neurobiology, and economics influences the change in the methodology used by the economics itself and fuels transformation of the model of rational economic behavior 'homo economicus', one of the central assumptions of the neoclassical economics. George Akerlof and Robert Shiller's animal spirits, prospect theory of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, research by Amartya Sen, Daniel McFadden, Vernon Smith, and other economists focusing on decision making either significantly limit, or supplement the homo economicus concept providing a deeper insight into the nature of human rationality. Behavioral economics has already become so strong as a separate discipline that it can be classified into two streams - Classical and Modern, and its main principles should be incorporated into a basic course of traditional economics. The achievements of behavioral economics yield higher quality of economic research and forecasting. Interdisciplinary approach to the human behavior studies and transformation of homo economicus offer new tools for the development policy making.
THE LETTERS OF SPANISH DIPLOMAT
Authors: Anikeeva N. E.
Published: May 2021

Jose Manuel Garcia Margallo. Todos los cielos conducen a Espana:cartas desde un avion,Planeta, 2015. 816 p.
STATE DILEMMAS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD ORDER
Authors: Timofeev I. N.
Published: May 2021

The problems of the world order is often seen through the interaction of the leading centers of power. Nevertheless there is another approach, locating actorhood in the state, which forms the world order. State acts in international affairs, it has the right of legitimate violence, it also has the ability to concentrate the economic and human resources. Obviously, the nature of the state as part of the international system has an effect on the system itself, defining its key parameters. From that point of view, some questions arise: what happens to the state? What is the effect of its transformation on the contemporary world order? Why the state is changing? What hierarchy of states exists in the contemporary world order? The author proceed from the following theses. First, the nation state is no longer a universal formula of nation building. However, there is no balance between two key foundations of a legitimate order - fairness and efficiency. Second, the current world order is a mosaic of fundamentally different states. Each state is trying to find a formula for the combination of a fairness and efficiency. These formulas do not always coincide with each other, and it underlays the stability in international relations. Third, a small group of major powers still play the key role in the world order. The issue of sovereignty of many countries remains open. World order, as well as a state, is characterized by imbalance between equity and efficiency. The awaited harmony of these two principles may be spoofed again the triumph of efficiency oover justice -maintenance of order through the balance of power and a rigid hierarchy.
CROSS-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF METAPHORICAL FRAMING IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Andryukhina T. V.
Published: May 2021

The article examines cross-cultural aspects of metaphorical framing in political discourse. The author notes the importance of conceptual metaphor in framing the conceptual domain of politics, political discourse as a whole, its perception as well as political reality itself. The author shares an opinion that the metaphorical structure of basic concepts of a nation always correlates with its fundamental cultural values. However, the examination of political discourse from the cross-cultural perspective reveals the cases of metaphor uses that don't meet the requirements of cultural coherence and may lead to negative cognitive and communicative consequences. Along with admitting a wide discrepancy between metaphorical models in western and oriental political discourse, the author gives some examples of metaphorical coherence as well as its violation in a number of basic metaphors in American, British and Russian political discourse. To illustrate how cross-cultural factors determine the specific character of metaphorical framing, the article analyses the dynamic character of metaphorical models that can realize diverse scenarios in different national varieties of political discourse. An observation is made about the dependence of metaphoric scenarios in different national varieties of political discourse on the cultural, historical, social and political components of the national cultural cognitive map. The latter is heterogeneous as it is structured by the objectified individual, group, and national verbal and nonverbal experience. This explains, for instance, why there are examples of similarity as well as discrepancy between metaphorical framing in ideologically different party varieties of political discourse within the national political discourse as well as in the rhetoric of politicians belonging to different generations. The observations are illustrated by cross-linguistic data proving the dynamic character of metaphorical models, their variability and potential for conveying new meaning nuances that reflect culture-specific characteristics of the political situation in discourse.
ENERGY DIPLOMACY OF TURKEY
Authors: Ozdemir V. , Guliyev I. A.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with current issues of energy diplomacy of Turkey. The authors describe the main positive and negative results of Turkey's foreign energy policy in terms of the implementation of major energy projects. Geopolitical processes in the world, the conflict of interests of various countries in the political arena are important factors that affect the crude oil and natural gas pipeline projects. Particular attention is paid to the problems and prospects of cooperation between the Turkish Republic and the Russian Federation in the fuel and energy complex. The authors describe the interaction betweeen Russia and Turkey in the energy sector, including geo-economic interests of the countries in the Russian-Turkish gas dialogue. Turkey made efforts to position as an alternative gas supply route, taking advantage of concern about increasing Europe's dependence on Russian exports. Last years Turkey has set itself the important task - to turn from transit country into a regional gas hub. Ukrainian crisis increased the geostrategic importance of the Black Sea region to Russia, as well as strengthened the ambition of the Turkish side. The authors also highlight the prospects of the natural gas pipeline project from Russia via the Black Sea to Turkey and to the Turkish-Greek border, which named "Turkish stream". This project was frozen in terms of military and political processes at the end of 2015 in Syria.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE REALIZATION OF NATO STRATEGY IN THE CONFLICTS OF "THE ARAB SPRING" FOR THE STATES OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
Authors: Antyukhova E. A.
Published: May 2021

The article considers the consequences of the realization of NATO strategy in the conflicts of "the Arab spring" for the states of the Middle East and North Africa. It is pointed out that the main approaches to the realization of NATO strategy, its results and the consequences of the Alliance crisis management of "the Arab spring" have a contradictory character. On the one hand, the strategic problem of the block has been realized: arrangement of conflicts and an attempt to appear in the opinion of the world community as the only peacekeeping force capable of controlling and resolving regional conflicts. At the same time the Alliance has shown the efficiency of its partner programs. The high quality performance of the military forces of NATO has been confirmed. The North Atlantic Alliance has started moves towards strengthening its own positions in the region under the auspices of assistance in democratization of Arab states by supporting protest performances. On the other hand, the members of the Alliance have very specifically approached the realization of tasks of settlement of the conflicts. As a result, in the majority of the countries of the Arab world the conflicts not only have not been settled but, on the contrary, in a number of cases have intensified. One of the main consequences of the realization of NATO of its approaches to settlement of the events of "the Arab spring" was the export of "instability" which entailed radical changes in the geopolitical situation in the Middle East region. The geopolitical configuration of all the Middle Eastern area has changed. Some diffusion of the territorial activity of certain states (Iraq, Libya, Syria) is observed. In the course of the Arab crisis there appeared new ethnic (Kurdish) and territorial ("The Islamic State") enclaves. More and more countries are found to be involved in the conflict.