bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steatoda nobilis, a false widow on the rise: a synthesis of past and current distribution trends
Authors: Bauer Tobias , Feldmeier Stephan , Krehenwinkel Henrik , Wieczorrek Carsten , Reiser Nils , Breitling Rainer
Published: February 2019

The Noble False Widow, Steatodanobilis (Thorell, 1875) (Araneae, Theridiidae), is, due to its relatively large size and potential medical importance, one of the most notable invasive spider species worldwide. Probably originating from the Canary Islands and Madeira, the species is well established in Western Europe and large parts of the Mediterranean area and has spread recently into California and South America, while Central European populations were not known until 2011.

We report on long-time observations that reveal that at least two flourishing populations in Germany (Cologne) have been present for over five years, while in Ecuador one population has been observed between 2014 and 2018 and several other records were made in other parts of the country. Data obtained from the British Spider Recording Scheme demonstrate that the species moved significantly northwards since the report of the first populations in the very South of England, after several decades of relative stasis. The sudden northward expansion highly correlates with a massive rise in press coverage of the species.

In the Americas, S.nobilis is currently known from four countries (USA, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia), and available DNA barcoding data obtained for specimens from this area suggest that multiple introductions occurred within each country. Using ecological niche modeling, we identified suitable climate regions for the species and discuss possible reasons for its current spread. We propose that seaside cities and villages with a temperate oceanic or Mediterranean climate are especially favourable potential habitats for S.nobilis and will face the highest colonization pressure in the future, while tropical upland regions with temperate climates are also vulnerable to invasion by S.nobilis.
L’influence de Vertov sur les documentaristes lettons des années 1960 : un projet d’organisation collective du filmage en héritage
Authors: Tcherneva Irina
Published: February 2019

Cette étude examine le rôle qu’ont joué les écrits de Vertov dans les années 1960, au moment même où on les redécouvrait en URSS, dans un studio bien précis du pays, celui de Riga en Lettonie et sur l’impulsion de deux cinéastes en particulier, Uldis Brauns et Gerceļs Franks. La Lettonie devenue république socialiste soviétique après la Deuxième Guerre seulement n’avait pas eu de rapport avec les mouvements et les débats qui avaient agité la scène cinématographique soviétique dans les années 1920-1930. En exploitant des fonds d’archives inédits, l’article montre comment Brauns et Franks recoururent à l’enseignement de Vertov dans le cadre d’une commande spécifique qui leur avait été passée : la réalisation d’un film commémoratif pour le 50e anniversaire de la Révolution d’Octobre. Ce film, 235 millions de visages, tirait profit de l’exemple de la 6e Partie du monde mais surtout il était l’occasion de re-poser à nouveaux frais les questions d’organisation de la production d’un film documentaire collectif de cette envergure : renonciation au scénario, organisation collective coordonnée et souple, exploration du comportement humain par la caméra. Depuis les années 1930 l’industrie du cinéma en URSS s’était formée à l’opposé du projet vertovien, en devenant une institution concentrée, mais présente dans les territoires, fondée sur un investissement permanent de cinéastes professionnels.
The Calculation of the Thickness of Thermal Spray Coating for Protection of Low Alloyed Steel when Heated under Rolling
Authors: Gerasimova A.A. , Radyuk A.G. , Zarapin A.Yu.
Published: February 2019

In scientific work has been developed a thickness calculation procedure of an aluminum thermal spray coating, sprayed on the low-alloyed steel surfaces in order to provide its effective protection at hight temperatures. The method is based on the calculations of the diffusion layer thickness with consideration of temperature change on the blank`s surface and on the dependence of the parameter (directly proportional to the diffusional coefficient) on the temperature.
Arcobacter spp. in bovine milk: An emerging pathogen with potential zoonotic risk
Authors: Caruso Marta , Latorre Laura , Santagada Gianfranco , Fraccalvieri Rosa , Difato Laura Maria , Miccolupo Angela , Capozzi Loredana , Bonerba Elisabetta , Mottola Anna , Parisi Antonio
Published: February 2019

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Arcobacter spp. in bovine bulk tank milk produced in Apulia Region (Italy). Samples collected from 396 dairy farms, after enrichment in a selective broth, were subjected to an Arcobacter genus - specific Real Time PCR. Positive broths, previously filtered, were seeded on Karmali, MCCD and Columbia Blood Agar plates; presumptive Arcobacter spp. colonies were identified using an amplification and sequencing method and then characterized by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). Prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in bovine milk samples was 5% (20/396); A. butzleri was the only isolated species, in agreement with previous studies that reported A. butzleri as the most commonly recovered species in milk and dairy products. MLST analysis of the 20 A. butzleri strains identified 81 alleles and 16 STs. Consistent with previous studies, MLST revealed a high level of heterogeneity between the A. butzleri isolates and confirmed the high discriminatory power of this method and its suitability for epidemiological investigations. This study confirmed the importance of raw milk as a possible source of Arcobacter spp. for humans.
Dimensional modelling of Quaternary deposits in South Simcoe County for groundwater applications
Authors: Bajc A F , Mulligan R P M
Published: February 2019

As part of its Groundwater Initiative, the Ontario Geological Survey has constructed a 3-dimensional (3-D) model of Quaternary deposits in South Simcoe County for groundwater applications. A conceptual stratigraphic framework, informed by the recent acquisition
of high-quality geological and geophysical data, consists of 15 hydrostratigraphic units overlying Ordovician bedrock. Although the project has resulted in an improved understanding of bedrock topography, details of the bedrock surface including the morphology and origin of the Laurentian valley,
remains still debated.
The 15 hydrostratigraphic units comprise 3 main groups. These include: 1) an Illinois Episode (or older package), consisting primarily of diamicton, overlain by non-glacial sediments spanning the Sangamon interglacial and earliest part of the Wisconsin Episode; 2) a thick (up to 125 m), Early-Middle
Wisconsin transgressive sequence of glaciolacustrine deposits (Scarborough and Thorncliffe Formation equivalents) laid down in a high-level lake bordered by the advancing Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). Subsequent overriding of the lake basin by the LIS initiated deposition of the Late Wisconsin
Newmarket Till which continued during and after multiple phases of tunnel valley erosion; and 3) a mixed package of late glacial and post-glacial gravel, sand, silt and clay associated with the interlobate Oak Ridges Moraine along the southern margin of the study area, kame terrace deposits along
the Niagara Escarpment and glaciolacustrine sediments in low-lying areas.
The soon to be released 3-D model, with a block size of 100 m, and accompanying Groundwater Resources Study report supplements previously released datasets, including results of geophysical surveys and continuously cored boreholes. These data provide an improved understanding of the distribution,
architecture and facies variability of sediments comprising the Quaternary succession for future hydrogeologic modelling exercises. Outputs include an abbreviated version of the subsurface database (including stratigraphic picks) used for the creation of the model, a series of both continuous and
discontinuous surfaces for hydrogeologic modelling (available as both ArcGIS and ASCII grids), structural contour and isopach plots with accompanying maps showing the distribution and quality of data used in their generation, and N-S and E-W cross-sections plotted at 2 km intervals using both a
hydrostratigraphic legend and a simplified aquifer-aquitard-bedrock scheme. Derivative products include aquifer recharge and vulnerability maps. Much of this information will be viewable in a Google Earth platform for enhanced interactive viewing and interpretation.
Insights from combined interpretation of sediment cores and geophysical logs in the Niagara Peninsula, southern Ontario
Authors: Burt A K , Crow H
Published: February 2019

In 2013, the Ontario Geological Survey (OGS) initiated a three-dimensional (3-D) mapping project encompassing the Niagara Peninsula in support of source water protection and land use planning. Key project goals are to 1) build a regional scale 3-D framework model
of Quaternary deposits that form both regional and local aquifers and aquitards, and 2) characterize the internal properties of the modeled units.
Between 2014 and 2017, 99 continuously cored boreholes were drilled, geologically logged, photographed and sampled in the field. Detailed sedimentological observations and field penetration test results on clay-rich intervals of core have now been augmented by pebble lithology counts and laboratory
grain size and carbonate content analysis. Records were also kept regarding drilling methods, core recovery and intervals with drilling fluid losses.
The Geological Survey of Canada collaborated in the borehole study by acquiring a suite of geophysical logs in 14 boreholes which had been converted to PVC-cased monitoring wells. Natural gamma and induction (apparent conductivity and magnetic susceptibility) logs were acquired to investigate
lithological variation within the sediments. Downhole seismic logs were acquired to measure material velocities. High-resolution fluid temperature logs identified regional groundwater temperature trends.
Significant changes in geophysical log responses were evident at major stratigraphic boundaries while subtle variations in responses provided insights into the geochemical and physical properties of the sediments within stratigraphic units. Key geological and geophysical logs from three boreholes
have been selected to illustrate the benefits of an integrated approach. Borehole BH05 is characterised by glaciolacustrine mud and muddy diamicton, BH13 is dominated by glaciolacustrine mud, and BH14 intercepted gravel, sand and mud. Thinner beds of overconsolidated sandy silt diamicton and
variably dolostone, gypsum and shale bedrock were also observed.
Gamma and induction responses are sensitive to changes in the proportion of sand, silt and clay within both diamicton and glaciolacustrine deposits. Potentially water-bearing sandy units are clearly distinguished by high magnetic susceptibility and low conductivity values while the reverse records
units rich in clay-sized grains. On the Niagara Peninsula, it can be difficult to distinguish between glaciolacustrine mud and muddy till. However, decreases in velocity correspond to a change from grounded ice to a glaciolacustrine depositional setting, while increases in magnetic susceptibility
relate to ice-rafted debris. The integrated examination of sediment cores and geophysical logs together provides an improved understanding of the complex local geological processes, and thus aided in the search for aquifers and the characterization of regional aquitard
units.
Geospatial distribution of chemical, bacteriological and gas parameters in southern Ontario groundwater
Authors: Colgrove L M , Hamilton S M
Published: February 2019

Groundwater Resources Study 17 is a recent publication by the Ontario Geological Survey that delineates wide regions in southern Ontario wherein individual chemical constituents are elevated in groundwater including arsenic, barium, boron, fluoride, nuisance
gases (methane, hydrogen sulphide, hypoxic gas), iodide, nitrate, chloride, selenium and uranium. With several exceptions, these regions are explainable as combinations of the natural influence of (1) bedrock lithology, (2) marine sediments, (3) glacial sediment thickness and (4) bedrock topography.
Marine influence, particularly in eastern Ontario, is apparent in the distribution of chloride, sodium, iodine, boron, selenium and methane. Drift thickness and/or bedrock topography influences the distribution of chloride, selenium, methane, barium and to a lesser extent, iodine. Bedrock
lithogeochemistry controls, or partly controls, the distribution of arsenic, selenium, barium, uranium and chloride.
Shales and carbonate rocks of Devonian age host groundwater that is almost universally elevated in fluoride, making this the only constituent that is spatially related to the age of the host formations. Nitrate is one of several mapped parameters that shows human influence in its distribution; which
combines with the influences of coarse grained glacial sedimentary cover and karst in bedrock. The spatial incidence of fecal and total coliform bacteria is also discussed in GRS 17. The occurrence of karst appears to an overwhelming factor in the distribution of coliform bacteria in bedrock.
Another anthropogenic influence is chloride from road salting, which has a widespread but intermittent distribution. It can be easily differentiated from natural chloride by comparing molar ratios against those for bromide. The data used to generate the polygons in GRS-17 were derived from the OGS
Ambient Groundwater Geochemistry database.
Comprehensive groundwater data management and analyses - raising the bar
Authors: Holysh S , Geber R , Marchildon M , Doughty M , Smith B
Published: February 2019

"What matters gets measured" "You can't manage what you don't measure".
When it comes to Ontario's groundwater resources these old adages certainly strike a chord. What do we really know about our groundwater systems? Have we been sufficiently measuring and monitoring the resource? Do we effectively integrate some 50 years of previous knowledge into day to day decision
making?
Since 2001, the long standing Oak Ridges Moraine Groundwater Program (ORMGP - formerly referred to as YPDT-CAMC Groundwater Management Program) has been working to: i) assemble a comprehensive and reliable source of groundwater related data; ii) bring critical analyses to the data; and iii)
construct a geological and hydrogeological framework into which new drilling and information can be incorporated. The results of this work are being made available through an interactive website where numerous 'themed' maps (e.g. geology, water levels, documents, etc.) intuitively provide ready
access to the program's data and interpretive geological and hydrogeological framework. As an integral part of the program's over-arching goal of improving upon water management decision-making in Ontario, an ongoing process is to engage practitioners on a variety of levels to arrive at a point
where regular contributions of data, insight and information are returned back to this 'actively managed' program, thus improving the hydrogeological knowledge-base for the broader community.
Deconstructing the Newmarket Till in south-central Ontario
Authors: Mulligan R P M , Bajc A F , Eyles C
Published: February 2019

The Newmarket Till (NT) records the advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet over south-central Ontario during the Late Wisconsin. The till occurs across a wide area of the province, including three prominent physiographic regions. The NT caps and flanks the Niagara
Escarpment, a regional scale bedrock scarp 200-300 m high, and occurs across drumlinized sediment-cored uplands underlain by >150 m of pre-Late Wisconsin sediments as well as beneath intervening lowland plains and tunnel valleys incised into pre-Late Wisconsin sediments and Paleozoic
bedrock. Detailed surficial mapping over 3750 km2 in Simcoe County and surrounding areas has identified consistent internal facies within the uplands, but significant variability, both spatially and vertically, in matrix texture, colour, consolidation, and clast content, fabric and lithology
characterizes the NT within the lowlands and in areas along the Niagara Escarpment. This variability led to previous interpretations of multiple till sheets involving repeated glacier advance and retreat phases during the Late Wisconsin. Combined analysis of internal sedimentology, stratigraphic
information gained from 58 continuously-cored boreholes, and morphological data from recently-released high-resolution terrain models, indicates that the NT sediment package is characterized by a wide variety of distinct diamict units and interbedded stratified sediments that are linked to changes
in substrate lithology and topography. The varying composition of the NT records evolving subglacial erosional and depositional conditions related to fluctuating subglacial stress regimes, porewater pressures and meltwater drainage. The wide range of properties that characterize the NT has
significant implications for understanding and predicting its local hydraulic function as a 'leaky aquitard'.
In the future, the groundwater initiative aims to enhance integration of its three core activities thereby providing a holistic approach to assessments of the provincial groundwater resource. Continued investigations will allow for the synthesis of information from individual regional studies to
scales.
Groundwater research in southern Ontario by Environment and Climate Change Canada
Authors: Roy J W , Spoelstra J , Van Stempvoort D R , Propp V
Published: February 2019

Over the past decade, the groundwater-specific research of Environment and Climate Change Canada has focused on groundwater transport of pollutants to surface waters. Within southern Ontario, the key pollutant of interest has been phosphorus, due to its link to
eutrophication and harmful algal blooms of the Great Lakes and its watershed. Our work has targeted point sources, such as domestic wastewater septic systems, as well as broader-scale inputs within both urban and rural landscapes. Other contaminants have also received interest, including chloride
(road salt), metals, and both legacy and emerging organic contaminants (e.g., pharmaceuticals, per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFAS), organophosphate flame retardants, etc.), especially in urban environments. A new study is looking at a range of these chemicals in old, closed landfills, of which
thousands reside across southern Ontario. These substances pose a toxicity risk to aquatic ecosystems in the receiving environment and may spread more broadly from there.
This work has largely employed two methodological "tools", i) surface water receptor-targeted groundwater sampling, and ii) the analysis of artificial sweeteners. The former allows for rapid acquisition of a large number of samples at relatively moderate expense in comparison to the use of wells. It
also provides more exact information on the concentrations or mass of contaminants impacting the receptor. Artificial sweeteners can serve as a tracer of wastewater and landfill leachate, thus being a proxy for the possible presence of other wastewater or leachate contaminants and allow some
quantification of their potential inputs. Their presence can also guide targeted sampling of more costly analytes. Here we provide a brief overview of our recent research in southern Ontario with some key examples of how these two tools have provided important results on the risks posed by
groundwater-sourced pollutants to Great Lakes ecosystems.
Review: Design norms for soil and water conservation structures in the sugar industry of South Africa
Authors: Otim Daniel , Smithers Jeff , Senzanje Aidan , Van Antwerpen Rianto
Published: February 2019

This paper contains a critical review of the norms employed in the design of soil and water conservation structures in the South African sugar industry and highlights research needs in order to update them. Sugarcane in South Africa is grown on wide-ranging soils, sometimes in non-ideal climates and on steep topographies where soils are vulnerable to erosion. A consequence of unsustainable soil loss is reduction in field production capacity. Sugarcane fields are protected against erosion through, inter alia, the use of engineered waterways, contour banks and spill-over roads. The South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI), previously known as the South African Sugar Experiment Station (SASEX), developed a nomograph to easily compute the maximum width of field panels based on soil type, tillage method, replant method, surface structures to control runoff, surface cover and slope. This was followed by guidelines and norms for the design of soil and water conservation structures. However, the nomograph was developed based on an acceptable soil loss of 20 t·ha−1·yr−1, yet soil formation rates in South Africa range between 0.25 and 0.38 t·ha−1·yr−1. Comparisons between design norms in the National Soil Conservation Manual and norms used in the sugar industry clearly show discrepancies that need to be investigated. The design of soil conservation structures includes the design of both contour bank spacing and hydraulic capacity. The sustainable soil loss method is recommended in the design of contour spacing and it determines contour spacing based on evaluation of site-specific sheet and rill erosion potential of the planned contour spacing while the hydraulic design employs Manning’s equation. Considering that increases in both design rainfall and design floods are anticipated in South Africa, it is necessary to incorporate these projections in the design of soil and water conservation structures. Many soil loss models exist, of which empirical models are the most robust and provide stable performances. The majority of empirical models are lumped models which estimate average annual soil loss. The Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) estimates event-based erosion and, given that the majority of soil erosion occurs during a few extreme events annually, the design norms should be updated using the MUSLE.
Preparedness or repeated short-term relief aid? Building drought resilience through early warning in southern Africa
Authors: Nhamo L , Mabhaudhi T , Modi AT
Published: February 2019

Southern Africa is highly vulnerable to drought because of its dependence on climate-sensitive sectors of agriculture, hydroenergy and fisheries. Recurring droughts continue to impact rural livelihoods and degrade the environment. Drought severity in southern Africa is exacerbated by poor levels of preparedness and low adaptive capacity. Whilst weather extremes and hazards are inevitable, the preparedness to manage such hazards determines their impact and whether they become disasters. Southern Africa is often caught unprepared by drought as existing early warning systems lack the drought forecastingcomponent, which often results in reactionary interventions as opposed to well-planned and proactive response mechanisms. This study assesses the spatio-temporal changes of rainfall and aridity in southern Africa through an analysis of long-term precipitation and evaporation trends from 1960 to 2007. Stakeholder consultation was conducted in Madagascar, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe during the peak of the 2015/16 drought, focusing on overall drought impacts, current water resource availability, existing early warning systems, adaptation mechanisms and institutional capacity to mitigate and managedroughts as part of overall disaster risk reduction strategies. Average rainfall has decreased by 26% in the region between 1960 and 2007, and aridity has increased by 11% between 1980 and 2007. The absence of drought forecasting and lack of institutional capacity to mitigate drought impede regional drought risk reduction initiatives. Existing multi-hazard early warning systems in the region focus on flooding and drought monitoring and assessment. Drought forecasting is often not given due consideration, yet it is a key component of early warning and resilience building. We propose a regional drought early warning framework, emphasising the importance of both monitoring and forecasting as being integral to a drought early warning system and building resilience to drought.
Short communication: Microfibre pollution hotspots in river sediments adjacent to South Africa’s coastline
Authors: De Villiers Stephanie
Published: February 2019

River sediment samples collected in the lower reaches of catchments along South Africa’s coastline have microfibre levels ranging from 0 to 567 fibres/dm3. This range is similar to those of sandy beach sediments along the coast. Much higher microfibre levels are observed in KwaZulu-Natal and the Wild Coast region, compared to the Cape South Coast. There is a significant positive relationship between river sediment microfibre levels, and the percentage of households in the catchment area that do not have access to piped water. The implication is that rural communities that rely on rivers as their primary or only source of water, including for directly washing clothes in, may be significantly contributing to microfibre pollution of freshwater aquatic ecosystems. If microfibre pollution is found to have ecosystem or human health implications such as chemical toxicity or fibre-induced mesothelioma, this will be detrimental to river biota and these communities.
Physical properties of secondary photochemical aerosol from OH oxidation of a cyclic siloxane
Authors: Janechek Nathan J. , Marek Rachel F. , Bryngelson Nathan , Singh Ashish , Bullard Robert L. , Brune William H. , Stanier Charles O.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are high-production chemicals present
in many personal care products. They are volatile, hydrophobic, and
relatively long-lived due to slow oxidation kinetics. Evidence from chamber
and ambient studies indicates that oxidation products may be found in the
condensed aerosol phase. In this work, we use an oxidation flow reactor to
produce ∼100 µg m−3 of organosilicon aerosol from OH
oxidation of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) with aerosol mass
fractions (i.e., yields) of 0.2–0.5. The aerosols were assessed for
concentration, size distribution, morphology, sensitivity to seed aerosol,
hygroscopicity, volatility and chemical composition through a combination of
aerosol size distribution measurement, tandem differential mobility analysis,
and electron microscopy. Similar aerosols were produced when vapor from solid
antiperspirant was used as the reaction precursor. Aerosol yield was
sensitive to chamber OH and to seed aerosol, suggesting sensitivity of
lower-volatility species and recovered yields to oxidation conditions and
chamber operation. The D5 oxidation aerosol products were
relatively non-hygroscopic, with an average hygroscopicity kappa of
∼0.01, and nearly non-volatile up to 190 ∘C temperature.
Parameters for exploratory treatment as a semi-volatile organic aerosol in
atmospheric models are provided.
Prior biosphere model impact on global terrestrial CO2 fluxes estimated
from OCO-2 retrievals
Authors: Philip Sajeev , Johnson Matthew S. , Potter Christopher , Genovesse Vanessa , Baker David F. , Haynes Katherine D. , Henze Daven K. , Liu Junjie , Poulter Benjamin
Published: February 2019

Abstract. This study assesses the impact of different state-of-the-science global biospheric CO2 flux models, when applied as prior information, on inverse modeling top-down estimates of terrestrial CO2 fluxes obtained when assimilating Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) observations. This is done with a series of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) using synthetic CO2 column-average dry air mole fraction (XCO2) retrievals sampled at the OCO-2 satellite spatio-temporal frequency. The OSSEs used the four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) assimilation system with the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model (CTM) to estimate CO2 net ecosystem exchange (NEE) fluxes using synthetic OCO-2 observations. The impact of biosphere models in inverse model estimates of NEE is quantified by conducting OSSEs using the NASA-CASA, CASA-GFED, SiB-4 and LPJ models as prior estimates and using NEE from the multi-model ensemble mean of the Multiscale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project as the truth. Results show that the assimilation of simulated XCO2 retrievals at OCO-2 observing modes over land results in posterior NEE estimates which generally reproduce true NEE globally and over terrestrial TransCom-3 regions that are well-sampled. However, we find larger spread among posterior NEE estimates, when using different prior NEE fluxes, in regions and seasons that have limited OCO-2 observational coverage and a large range in bottom-up NEE fluxes. Posterior NEE estimates had seasonally-averaged posterior NEE standard deviation (SD) of ~ 10 % to ~ 50 % of the multi-model-mean NEE for different TransCom-3 land regions with significant NEE fluxes (regions/seasons with a NEE flux ≥ 0.5 PgC yr−1). On a global average, the seasonally-averaged residual impact of the prior model NEE assumption on posterior NEE spread is ~ 10–20 % of the posterior NEE mean. Additional OCO-2 OSSE simulations demonstrate that posterior NEE estimates are also sensitive to the assumed prior NEE flux uncertainty statistics, with spread in posterior NEE estimates similar to those when using variable prior model NEE fluxes. In fact, the sensitivity of posterior NEE estimates to prior error statistics was larger compared to prior flux values in some regions/times of the Tropics and Southern Hemisphere where sufficient OCO-2 data was available and large differences between the prior and truth were evident. Overall, even with the availability of dense OCO-2 data, noticeable residual differences (up to ~ 20–30 % globally and 50 % regionally) in posterior NEE flux estimates remain that were caused by the choice of prior model flux values and the specification of prior flux uncertainties.
Parameter-state ensemble thinning for short-term hydrological prediction
Authors: Davison Bruce , Fortin Vincent , Pietroniro Alain , Yau Man K. , Leconte Robert
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The main sources of uncertainty in hydrological modelling can be summarized as structural errors, parameter errors, and data errors. Operational modellers are generally more concerned with predictive ability than model errors, and this paper presents a new, simple method to improve predictive ability. The method is called parameter-state ensemble thinning (P-SET). P-SET takes a large ensemble of continuous model runs and applies screening criteria to reduce the size of the ensemble. The goal is to find the most promising parameter-state combinations for analysis during the prediction period. Each prediction period begins with the same large ensemble, but the screening criteria are free to select a different sub-set of simulations for each separate prediction period. The case study is from June to October 2014 for a small (1324 km2) watershed just north of Lake Superior in Ontario, Canada, using a Canadian semi-distributed hydrologic land-surface scheme. The study examines how well the approach works given various levels of certainty in the data, beginning with certainty in the streamflow and precipitation, followed by uncertainty in the streamflow and certainty in the precipitation, and finally uncertainty in both the streamflow and precipitation. The approach is found to work in this case when streamflow and precipitation are fairly certain, while being more challenging to implement in a forecasting scenario where future streamflow and precipitation are much less certain. The main challenge is determined to be related to parametric uncertainty and ideas for overcoming this challenge are discussed. The approach also highlights model structural errors, which are also discussed.
Precision Annealing Monte Carlo Methods for Statistical Data Assimilation: Metropolis-Hastings Procedures
Authors: Wong Adrian S. , Hao Kangbo , Fang Zheng , Abarbanel Henry D. I.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Statistical Data Assimilation (SDA) is the transfer of information from field or laboratory observations to a user selected model of the dynamical system producing those observations. The data is noisy and the model has errors; the information transfer addresses properties of the conditional probability distribution of the states of the model conditioned on the observations. The quantities of interest in SDA are the conditional expected values of functions of the model state, and these require the approximate evaluation of high dimensional integrals. We introduce a conditional probability distribution and use the Laplace method with annealing to identify the maxima of the conditional probability distribution. The annealing method slowly increases the precision term of the model as it enters the Laplace method. In this paper, we extend the idea of precision annealing (PA) to Monte Carlo calculations of conditional expected values using Metropolis-Hastings methods.
Robust uncertainty assessment of the spatio-temporal transferability of glacier mass and energy balance models
Authors: Zolles Tobias , Maussion Fabien , Galos Stephan Peter , Gurgiser Wolfgang , Nicholson Lindsey
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Energy and mass-balance modelling of glaciers is a key tool for climate impact
studies of future glacier behaviour. By incorporating many of the physical
processes responsible for surface accumulation and ablation, they offer more
insight than simpler statistical models and are believed to suffer less from
problems of stationarity when applied under changing climate conditions.
However, this view is challenged by the widespread use of parameterizations
for some physical processes which introduces a statistical calibration step.
We argue that the reported uncertainty in modelled mass balance (and
associated energy flux components) are likely to be understated in modelling
studies that do not use spatio-temporal cross-validation and use a single
performance measure for model optimization. To demonstrate the importance of
these principles, we present a rigorous sensitivity and uncertainty
assessment workflow applied to a modelling study of two glaciers in the
European Alps, extending classical best guess approaches. The procedure
begins with a reduction of the model parameter space using a global
sensitivity assessment that identifies the parameters to which the model
responds most sensitively. We find that the model sensitivity to individual
parameters varies considerably in space and time, indicating that a single
stated model sensitivity value is unlikely to be realistic. The model is most
sensitive to parameters related to snow albedo and vertical gradients of the
meteorological forcing data. We then apply a Monte Carlo multi-objective
optimization based on three performance measures: model bias and mean
absolute deviation in the upper and lower glacier parts, with glaciological
mass balance data measured at individual stake locations used as reference.
This procedure generates an ensemble of optimal parameter solutions which are
equally valid. The range of parameters associated with these ensemble members
are used to estimate the cross-validated uncertainty of the model output and
computed energy components. The parameter values for the optimal solutions
vary widely, and considering longer calibration periods does not
systematically result in better constrained parameter choices. The resulting
mass balance uncertainties reach up to 1300 kg m−2, with the
spatial and temporal transfer errors having the same order of magnitude. The
uncertainty of surface energy flux components over the ensemble at the point
scale reached up to 50 % of the computed flux. The largest absolute
uncertainties originate from the short-wave radiation and the albedo
parameterizations, followed by the turbulent fluxes. Our study highlights the
need for due caution and realistic error quantification when applying such
models to regional glacier modelling efforts, or for projections of glacier
mass balance in climate settings that are substantially different from the
conditions in which the model was optimized.
DA SOLIDEZ DOS AFETOS INCONCLUSOS
Authors: Jacob Elizabeth Motta
Published: February 2019

Resumo:

Este estudo apresenta nossas reflexões sobre a representação da cidade na obra cinematográfica de Wong Kar-Wai. Para nos aproximarmos das relevantes reflexões deste cineasta sobre a paisagem urbana e a inserção do homem em seu seio, achamos importante entender a própria noção de espaço no cinema e trabalhar com as imagens por este diretor criadas a partir de sua potência de gerar percepções sinestésicas e visualidades hápticas. O interesse deste estudo deixa recair seu foco no espaço diégético e nas instâncias narrativas que o funda, no espaço profílmico e extra fílmico e nos mecanismos próprios à linguagem cinematográfica que são capazes de produzir formas específicas de apreensão do espaço. Nos ateremos à criação de visualidades hápticas e de atmosferas fílmicas que serão relevantes para a construção da visualidade das cidades e seus imbricamentos com o destino dos personagens na obra de Wong Kar Wai a partir do ponto de vista da Direção de Arte.

Of the solidity of the unfinished affections: the city of Wong Kar Wai

Abstract:

This study presents our reflections on the representation of the city in Wong Kar-Wai's cinematographic work. In order to approach the relevant reflections of this filmmaker on the urban landscape and the insertion of the man in his bosom, we find it important to understand the very notion of space in the cinema and to work with the images by this director created from his power to generate synesthetic perceptions and haptic visuals. The interest of this study leaves its focus on the diegetic space and the narrative instances that found it, in the profilmic and extra-filmic space and in the mechanisms proper to the cinematographic language that are capable of producing specific forms of space apprehension. Let us focus on the creation of haptic visuals and film atmospheres that will be relevant to the construction of the city's visuality and their entanglements with the fate of the characters in Wong Kar Wai's work from the point of view of the Art Direction.

Keywords: Art Direction, Haptic Visual, city
MOLIÈRE30 E A ARQUITETURA DO INVISÍVEL
Authors: Silva Amabilis De Jesus da
Published: February 2019

Esse relato do acompanhamento da montagem Molière30 intenta refletir sobre as diversas camadas que se formam nos processos de criação coletiva, sobretudo quando o grupo se dispõe aos riscos oferecidos pela noção de funções flutuantes, ou seja, pela desestabilização das hierarquias. Paralelamente, busca-se pensar nos trâmites entre a forma e a formação. Para tanto, o próprio acontecimento do processo é tornado aqui uma metáfora para se abordar questões relacionadas ao vazio, à ideia de uno e de manifestação do invisível. Visitando os memorais descritivos de cada um/a dos/as integrantes procura-se assinalar os vetores de força comuns ao grupo e aqueles que surgem das ações-pensamentos individuais, das possibilidades de demarcar territórios temporários e das impossibilidades de capturar o processo como um todo, ou da tentativa de assegurar as autorias.
Escola Sesc Pantanal: espaços e leitores no cotidiano Escolar
Authors: Oliveira Lúcia Regina Silva de , Baião Jonê Carla
Published: February 2019

Este texto trata da organização de espaços leitores numa dinâmica de turmas do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola situada no Pantanal Matogrossense, a Escola Sesc Pantanal. Temos uma interlocução com Yunes (2011) e Silva (2005) e outros autores que nos provocam olhar para o que a

escola tem proporcionado aos alunos, quais espaços estão sendo disponibilizados e legitimizados pela escola e por todos os envolvidos no processo de formação do leitor no dia a dia. Encontramos o canto de leitura, a biblioteca e outros espaços que se redimensionam a partir do olhar do professor e dos leitores em formação. A pesquisa permitiu vislumbrar o quanto a escola se organiza para proporcionar espaços leitores com a mediação da professora e quanto os alunos se apropriam desses espaços e conseguem dar um significado singular a partir de seus interesses de leitura.
Três poetas de visita à sala de aula - Proposta didática para o 2º Ciclo do Ensino Básico Português
Authors: Custodio Pedro Balaus
Published: February 2019

À semelhança dos conteúdos de um currículo, também as sugestões de leitura na sala de aula são reguladas pelos documentos programáticos que, para além de fixarem os textos, determinam os modos e as formas como eles devem estimular as diferentes competências de leitura e veicular, ainda, marcos de

referência da nossa identidade histórica, cultural e literária. No caso específico do 2º ciclo do Ensino Básico, esse corpus está balizado não apenas pelas orientações contidas no programa, mas também, no acervo do Plano Nacional de Leitura. Não obstante esta prescrição, será viável que outros materiais

didáticos e outros textos que suportam o desenvolvimento das competências de leitura possam aparecer na cena pedagógica em sala de aula? No tocante ao texto poético, cuja expressividade não é tão marcante por entre os textos que os alunos leem na sala, será possível propor textos de autores clássicos? Esta

proposta persegue, pois, esse rumo ao sugerir a utilização didática de três textos poéticos muito distintos, de diferentes autores que não cabem, tradicionalmente, no escopo de leituras para esta faixa etária e maturidade leitora. São eles Natália Correia, Ary dos Santos e Manuel Alegre. Poderão estes textos constituir soluções de leitura literária dentro e/ou fora da sala? Conseguirão ser entendidos como propostas válidas? Atendendo a que cada texto proporciona horizontes de expetativas singulares, permitindo, por isso, oportunidades distintas de desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, competências e

visões do mundo, lograrão eles constituírem-se como textos válidos no domínio da educação literária para este ciclo de ensino?
Literatura, Leitura e leitores na educação básica – reflexões sobre a prática de ensino supervisionada
Authors: Melão Dulce , Silva Ana Isabel
Published: February 2019

Em Portugal, a motivação para a leitura no Ensino Básico concilia o compromisso com a literatura, aliança plasmada nos documentos curriculares em vigor, no domínio “Educação Literária”. Para tal, contribui o modo como os futuros professores planificam as atividades relativas a esse domínio. Assim, o nosso estudo tem como objetivo compreender: i) que repercussões poderão ter tais planificações na reconstrução do perfil de leitor do seu futuro público; ii) que aspetos da sua formação merecem atenção, à luz da operacionalização de tais práticas de leitura; iii) qual o papel que atribuem à “Educação Literária”, em contexto de sala de aula. Participaram 4 futuros professores inscritos na unidade curricular de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, integrada no plano de estudos do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Optamos por uma abordagem de natureza qualitativa, tendo como referencial metodológico o estudo de caso múltiplo. Os instrumentos a que recorremos foram 24 planificações individuais elaboradas pelos futuros professores, destinadas ao 2.º ano de escolaridade. Concluímos que concedem relevo à literatura em contexto educativo, tendo dificuldades em selecionar e em implementar algumas estratégias de desenvolvimento de compreensão na leitura que contribuam para uma maior fruição dos textos literários.
Multimodalidade e inteligências múltiplas nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa
Authors: Simões Darcília Marindir Pinto
Published: February 2019

Partindo da teoria das inteligências múltiplas de Howard Gardner, propusemos explorar a multimodalidade (conjunção de signos) no ensino de língua. Nessa ótica, são acionados esquemas cognitivos diversos. A ampla gama de competências converte-se em valores culturais; o psicólogo norte-americano entendeu que cada competência corresponde a uma capacidade, a qual atestaria uma inteligência (GARDNER, 1995). O autor então “fatiou” a inteligência humana em tipos específicos, ficções que permitem descrever e classificar processos cognitivos variados, ativados nas aprendizagens (GARDNER, 1994, 53). Consequentemente, formulamos a hipótese de que recursos multimodais estimulariam múltiplas inteligências, já que desenvolveriam competências variadas observáveis por vários níveis de análise semiótica (SIMÕES, 2002). A multimodalidade se traduz em recursos como fontes, cores, tamanhos, orientação, gráficos, tabelas, sons, dimensões etc. (KRESS, G.; VAN LEEUWEN, 2006) em objetos variados, como minicontos, poemas, letras de música, charge, notícia etc., com os quais temos testado a eficiência dessa abordagem. A avaliação tem sido feita na produção do aprendente: relatórios orais e escritos, produção de história em quadrinhos a partir de um poema, miniconto ou letra de música; ou o contrário. Apresentam-se sugestões sobre como explorar a multimodalidade para o desenvolvimento de competências, capacidades, inteligências. A experimentação relatada tem sido feita tanto no Ensino Médio quanto no Superior.
Refletindo sobre as funções da música nas escolas brasileiras de educação básica: contribuições de Adorno e Merriam
Authors: Aquino Thaís Lobosque , Nogueira Monique Andries
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo intenta contribuir para o debate sobre as funções da música nas escolas de educação básica, tendo como pano de fundo as recentes modificações legais do sistema normativo educacional brasileiro. A busca pela efetiva presença da música, entendida enquanto campo do saber, tem gerado

novas demandas por reflexões e discussões sobre aspectos basilares como seus significados e suas funções nas escolas de educação básica. Neste trabalho, emprega-se o procedimento da comparação (FREIRE, 2010), pela via da análise bibliográfica das contribuições de Merriam (1964) e, com especial ênfase, de Adorno (1975, 1993, 2011), de modo a trazer à baila outras possibilidades analíticas e epistemológicas para se pensar a educação musical escolar no Brasil.
A further look of the genetic origin and singularity of the Torbiscal Iberian pig line
Authors: Rodríguez-Valdovinos Carmen , García-Casco Juan , García-Ruiz Fabián , Núñez-Moreno Yolanda , Silió-López Luis
Published: February 2019

Although the Torbiscal line of Iberian pigs has been largely studied, some aspects of its history are not well known. In this paper, we used pedigree-based methods on a complete genealogy of 4,077 entries in order to get a comprehensive analysis of its four founder strains and to evaluate the expected genetic contribution of each ancestral strain to the successive generations of the composite Torbiscal line. Between-strain differences and specific heterotic effects on piglet weight at 50 days of age were estimated from records of 9,052 piglets born in 1,571 litters of a complete diallel cross among the four strains. Moreover, we assessed the genetic singularity of the current Torbiscal pigs by other three studies, based on whole genome SNP genotypes, focused on the measure of its genetic diversity and differentiation with respect to other domestic and wild pig populations. The STRUCTURE algorithm detected two uppermost levels of the whole population structure, corresponding to European and Asian ancestries. These results confirmed the exclusive European origin of the Torbiscal and other Iberian pigs and the admixed origin of the Duroc breed. Finally, the comparison of Torbiscal with a representative pool of Iberian pigs showed a maximum genetic differentiation in regions of chromosomes three and seven, including some genes related to the regulation of muscle development.