bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis: The Challenges of Management
Authors: Dahou Meryem , Lehlimi Mouna , Korchi Zineb , Chaini Rabiaa , Badre Amal , Chemsi Mounir , Habzi Abdelahk
Published: April 2024

Early-onset sepsis (EOS) is a worldwide major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. The objectifs of our studie is to estimate the frequency of EOS, explore the different risk factors, the clinical features, the hematological; inflammatory and bacteriological parameters necessary for diagnosis, different causative organisms and ATB susceptibility in EOS. A 10-year retrospective study was used, including 153 cases that met the inclusion criteria. Among the 8908 admissions in NICU, sepsis occurred in 2,28% of cases. The sex ratio was 2,1 (Male: 62%, Female: 38%). Chorioamnionitis occurred in 13,7% of cases, PPROM in 44,4%. Intrapartum fever was found in 7% of cases, and amniotic fluid abnormalities in 36,6%. In neonatal risk factors we found prematurity in 76,15% of cases and VLBW in 21,56%. Respiratory distress was the most common symptom at admission with 66,1%. Bacteriological exam showed a positive Blood culture in 19,6% (30) of cases. The most common organisms isolated were E. coli in 16 cases, Group B streptococcus in 11 cases, and a positive LP in only 1 case isolating E. coli. All patients admitted to the NICU suspected of sepsis had a triple antibiotherapy. In our study, sepsis was responsible for 46,4% of deaths out of which 15 died at the first day of admission. Neonatal sepsis is associated with high rate of neonatal mortality. Poor antenatal care, absence of pregnancies follow-up, prematurity and very low birth weight are risk factors associated with EOS. In order to decrease EOS incidence and improve outcome for neonates, a contribution between Neonatologists and Obstetricians is a must.
Scurvy in Children: A Case Report
Authors: Satlane Siham , Chahid Imane , Harim Fatima , Atrassi Meriem , Bensabbahia Dalal , Abkari Abdelhak
Published: April 2024

Scurvy is all the symptoms associated with a diet deficient in ascorbic acid or vitamin C, found in fresh fruit and vegetables. Scurvy is a pathology resulting from a deep and prolonged vitamin C deficiency, which can manifest itself as a bleeding syndrome, wound healing disorders, rheumatic signs, or gum damage. If left untreated (vitamin C supplementation), the disease can be fatal. This water-soluble vitamin is neither synthesized nor stored in the body. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of this pathology due to unbalanced nutrition. Clinical presentations are deceptive and variable, with orthopedic abnormalities and a diffuse hemorrhagic syndrome secondary to a defect in collagen fiber synthesis in children. The diagnosis of scurvy is confirmed by measuring ascorbemia, which is less than 2 mg/L (5-15 mg/L or 17-94 mmol/L), and treatment is based on vitamin C supplementation at 100 to 300 mg/day until complete recovery. We report the case of a 7-year-old patient with an autistic spectrum disorder associated with epilepsy, who presented with scurvy revealed by bone involvement consisting of bone pain, a bleeding syndrome and gingival hypertrophy in context of altered general condition. The diagnosis was confirmed by a collapsed ascorbic acid level (<3 mmol/l) and progressed favorably on vitamin supplementation.
Epidemiology of and Factors Associated with Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Proportion Requiring Treatment Among Symptomatic Children in Northwestern Tanzania
Authors: Mkwizu Mwanaidi , Jaka Hyasinta , Mshana Stephen , Majinge David , Nkandala Igembe , Msanga Delfina , Masoza Tulla , Kidenya Benson , Kimosso Elig , Kayange Neema
Published: April 2024

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection has been reported to affect more than half of the global population. The persistence of H. pylori infection results to chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Despite this burden there is limited published studies regarding proportion of Helicobacter pylori infected children that require treatment in many settings in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore this study aimed to determine the epidemiology of and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and proportion requiring treatment among symptomatic children in northwestern Tanzania. Methodology: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted at BMC hospital in Northwestern Tanzania from December 2021 and April 2022 among outpatient children aged 1 to 15 years with gastrointestinal symptoms. The main study outcome (event) was presence of H. pylori infection as evidence by positive stool antigen test. Independent factors associated with H. pylori infection were determined by logistic regression model. The significance level was set at p-value of <0.05. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) was performed to the randomly serially selected representative sample of symptomatic children with positive H. pylori stool antigen test to determine the proportion of children requiring treatment. Results: A total of 422 symptomatic children were included in the study. The median age was 7 [IQR 3 – 10] years. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 105 (24.9%). More than half of the participants (56.4%) were males. The risk of H. pylori infection was significantly associated with increase in age (OR= 1.09; 95%CI; 1.03 – 1.15; P= 0.002), and abdominal pain (OR=2.2; 95%CI 1.2 – 4.0; P= 0.01). About 55 participants were randomly selected for OGD among 100 children above or equal 2 years of age with positive stool antigen for H. pylori. The majority were found to have lesion warranting treatment. These lesions included gastritis 47 (85.5%), duodenal ulcers 2 (3.6%) and gastric ulcers 1 (1.8%). Conclusion: About a quarter of the enrolled children had H. pylori infection. Increase in age and abdominal pain were independently associated with H. pylori infection. Most H. pylori stool antigen test positive children had endoscopic lesions that warranted treatment. Therefore every H. pylori stool antigen test positive child needs eradication therapy.
Use of a Clay from Southern Ivory Coast (Bingerville) for the Adsorption of Methyl Orange in Aqueous Media
Authors: Tchonrontcha Koné , Abollé Abollé , Ollo Kambiré , Karamoko Bonito
Published: April 2024

Increasing levels of textile dyes being discharged into the environment as industrial waste represent a serious threat to human health, life, resources and ecological systems. It is therefore necessary to treat wastewater from textile industries before discharging it into the environment. The aim of this project is to eliminate methyl orange (MO) from textile industry wastewater using clay from Bingerville (Ivory Coast). The clay used was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and pH of Zero Charge. MO concentration was monitored using a UV-visible spectrophometer. Characterization of the clay by SEM and BET showed that our clay is microporous. The study showed that the surface of our clay has a pH of zero. Adsorption of methyl orange on our clay reaches adsorption equilibrium in 60 minutes. The adsorption model corresponds to the pseudo-order 2 kinetic model. Two adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) are applicable to the adsorption of our dye on clay. This implies that the dye adsorption process on our clay is governed by a bimolecular process involving a collision between an active site on the clay and a dye molecule. Bingerville clay can be used to effectively treat dye-contaminated wastewater, since the maximum adsorbed quantity is equal to 58.139 mg g-1. The best adsorption rate was obtained in acid medium (pH = 2.26) with an adsorption rate of 91.84%.
Bioinspired Nanotubular Structures by Soft-Template Electropolymerization: 3,4-(2,3-naphtylenedioxy)Thiophene Monomers Quenched to Form Dimers
Authors: Sow Fatoumata , Sow Salif , Dramé Abdoulaye , Diouf Alioune , Sene Aboubacary , Guittard Frédéric , Darmanin Thierry
Published: April 2024

Preparing well-ordered nanotubes on materials surface is a great of interest in many applications. Bio-inspired and theoretical approaches show that porous structures such as nanotubes are key parameters for both surface hydrophobicity and water adhesion. Here, a very easy soft-template electropolymerization approach is used to form nanotubular structures, followed by a bioinspired strategy to control the wetting properties. Fully conjugated monomers based on 3,4-(2,3- naphtylenedioxy)thiophene (NaphDOT) core grafted with many rigid aromatic groups such as phenyl, naphthalene, pyrene, pyrrole, were synthesized. Then, electropolymerization is carried out with these monomers, followed by surface and morphologies characterization of corresponding polymers. We show that even if just dimers are formed by electropolymerization, the resulting polymer can be sufficiently insoluble to form structured films. 3,4-(2,3-naphtylenedioxy)thiophene (NaphDOT) is chosen as a judicious example, due to strong π-stacking interactions, and also their capacity to form nanotubular structures by soft template-electropolymerization in the presence of water (H2O). Here, different substituents, polymerizable or not, are grafted on the 2-position of thiophene. Films are formed with all the studied substituents. Nanotubular structures are especially observed with the following substituents: hydroxyl, pyrene and pyrrole, but in the presence of H2O. We study also their influence on the surface hydrophobicity.
Performance Evaluation of Lohman Brown Commercial Layer Chicken Breeds Under On-Station Management at Pawe, Benishangul Gumuz, Ethiopia
Authors: Kidie Habtie , Alebel Mezgebu , Abdo Misbah
Published: April 2024

This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of Lohman Brown under on-station conditions at Pawe Agricultural Research Center. To evaluate the breed production performance and to generate information for private commercial farms and multiplication centers. A total of 100 (sixty-day-old) chicks and commercial layer feed were purchased from Alema poultry farm in Bishoftu. Vaccinations were administered to the chicks while bio-security measures were employed throughout the experimental period (83 weeks). Daily feed intake, body weight, feed conversion rate, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and mortality, were recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics free R-4.0.4 software. Average feed intake during the growing period (10-20 weeks) 59.29g/head and in the layer period (21-72weeks) 117.26g/head/day. The average feed conversion rate at12, 16 and 20weeks of age was 8.85, 8.23 and 7.35 respectively. Average body weight at age at first egg lay and peak egg production were 1368.6 and 1553.9g/head respectively. Average daily weight gain at 10-12, 12-16, and 16- 20 weeks of age was 5.43, 7.22 and 11.09g/bird respectively. Age at first and 5% egg-laying were recorded at the beginning of 21weeks (141days). Age at 50% and peak egg production were recorded at 22 weeks (151 days) and 36weeks. The average HHEP (90.71) and HDEP (92.03) were recorded at peak production, while the overall percentage of lay from 21-72(52) weeks of age were HHEP (74.77%) and HDEP (78.28%). The total amount of egg production from 21-72(52) weeks of age in terms of HHEP and HDEP was 272.2 and 284.93egg/hen/year. Average egg weight at age at first egg lay, 50% egg lay and peak egg production were 47.43, 51.5 and 57.03g. Overall mean egg weight from 21-72(52) weeks of age was 57.81g. The average daily egg mass at the age of first egg lay, 50% egg lay and peak egg production were 7.59, 25.68, and 52.48g. On the other hand, the overall mean daily egg mass from 21-72(52) weeks of age was 45.38g. The average feed conversion rate and feed conversion efficiency for egg mass from 21-72 weeks were 2.64 and 0.387. There was no mortality record up to 28 weeks but, the overall mortality rate was 10% up to 83 weeks. The higher egg production and lower mortality record showed that the breed is adapted in the study area. Lohman Brown is recommended for users with basic input packages and on-farm evaluation of chickens should be done.
Prosthetic Management of Inguinal Hernias Using the Lichtenstein Technique in 100 Cases
Authors: Sandaly Diakite , Saliou Diallo , Lansana Camara , Togba Soumaoro , Yaya Diakite , Mahamat Barounga , Naby Fofana , Ibrahima Oulare , Saliou Bangoura , Ansoumane Condé , Mariame Camara , Ousmane Condé , Aboubacar Toure
Published: April 2024

Introduction: There has always been a plethora of hernia repairs in the absence of consensus. Techniques described as ancient, such as the Bassini, Mac Vay or Shouldice procedures, are still widely practised. Aponeurotic plasty has proved its worth in our practice. Prosthetic plasty, which has reduced recurrence by half, has become the gold standard. The aim of this study was to report on the feasibility of prosthetic management of inguinal hernias using the Lichtenstein technique. Material and method: This was a prospective fifteen (15)-month study: from July 1, 2022 to September 30, 2023. Study variables were sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic. Results: During the study period, 173 patients underwent surgery for inguinal hernia. We noted one hundred (100) patients operated on according to the Lichtenstein procedure, i.e. 58% of all patients operated on for inguinal hernias in the department. We noted 98 men and 02 women. The mean age was 48.8 years (extremes: 20-91). The category of heavy laborer (laborer, farmer, etc....) accounted for % of cases. The hernia was exclusively right in 9 cases, left in 21 and bilateral in 10. A strangulated hernia was present in 9 patients. NYHUS classification was dominated by type IIIA (38.9%). Therapeutically, spinal anesthesia was the most common treatment: 8 cases. 40% of patients were pain-free in the immediate post-operative period, according to the analogue pain scale. The main complications were chronic pain in 10 patients and seroma in 02. After a minimum follow-up of three months for each patient, we noted no recurrence. Conclusion. The Lichtenstein technique is a relatively new procedure in our practice. Today, it is the technique of choice, with little postoperative morbidity.
Comparative Study on the Use of Artificial Insemination in Sows in Three Production Units in the Region of Tlachichuca Puebla, México
Authors: Reyes Genaro , Quintana Fernando , Avina Juan , Evangelista Claudia , Hernández Jorge
Published: April 2024

The main objective of this study was to make a comparison of the use of artificial insemination in sows from three production units belonging to the Tlachichuca-Puebla region, Mexico. These pork production units belonged to the communities of José María Morelos, San Francisco Independencia and Tlachichuca, Puebla respectively. 20 sows were used, 15 of which were primal and 5 multiparous, which were inseminated over a period of 10 months. 20 doses of semen were acquired from the Coyametl Genetic Transfer Center, located in the City of Acatzingo, Puebla. The information obtained from the project was concentrated in the different stages of the study, and stored in an Excel file; the information was processed through the SPSS 10 package for Windows, applying descriptive statistics. 75% of Primal or Nulliparous sows were found which were artificially inseminated and 25% corresponded to Multiparous; 7% of the producers expressed no interest in planning but rather a greater number of kilos when selling, 15% responded interest in the number of offspring and fewer deaths at birth with better feeding of the bellies before and after the births, 78% mentioned the importance of planning a procedure to improve their productivity and reproductive life in their pork production units (PPUs). Regarding litter size, results were obtained through AI in the sows of the 3 UPPs (José María Morelos, San Francisco Independencia and Tlachichuca), a total of piglets in the primals of 163 of the 15 inseminated sows, with an average of 10.8 piglets/sow; In the case of multiparous sows, there were 58 piglets in total with an average of 11.6 piglets/sow. In conclusion, comparative studies are useful for analysis in pork production units, since they are pillars in decision making; as it was, in the reproductive indicators where AI was applied, giving objectivity and greater certainty as was the case in the three communities of the Tlachichuca region, Puebla, Mexico.
Performance Evaluation and Adaptability Study of Fodder Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivars in Highlands of Bale Zone South East Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Wubshet , Lencho Gemechis , Wegi Teklu , Kedu Aliyi
Published: April 2024

Shortage animal feed interims of quality and quantity is the major bottle neck in livestock production through the year in Ethiopia particularly in the highlands of Bale Zone. A study was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Center (SARC), South East Ethiopia for three consecutive cropping season (2020/21, 2021/22 and 2022/23) in two locations (Sinana on station and Agarfa subsite) to evaluate the adaptability of four Cultivars of Fodder beet (namely Bircks, Kulumsa, Magnum and Robbos). Experimental plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All cultivars were performed well. However, there is significant variation among the Cultivars. The combined result over locations over years indicated that, Kulumsa cultivars gives the highest shoot fresh biomass yield (41.88 t ha-1), root fresh biomass yield (86.49 t ha-1) and shoot Dry biomass yield (4.52 t ha-1). The remaining cultivars have not statistically significant different. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the Fodder beet Kulumsa cultivars was found a promising in terms of grain and biomass yield, than others that could be demonstrated and popularized as an alternative feed resources under smallholder conditions in the study areas and with similar climatic and edaphic conditions.
Evolutionary Etiopathogenic Particularities of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in a Disadvantaged Environment in Brazzaville
Authors: Ngamani Solange , Letomo Kivie , Landa Christian , Kaky Eric , Bakekolo Rog , Okoko Synthiche , Naibe Gankama , Bassoukouahou Jospin , Mbolla Fikahem
Published: April 2024

It was carried out a study on peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in the cardiology and internal medicine department of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. This work takes place from May 1, 2019 to April 31, 2023. It had aimed at identifying the profile of peripartum cardiomyopathy in women disadvantaged in cardiovascular diseases. Fifty-two files were selected on the basis of predefined inclusion criteria. The frequency of myocardiopathy peripartum was estimated at 1.4% of admissions and 9.7% of women of childbearing age, or 13 cases per year. The average age of the patients was 30.78.02 (range: 16 to 44 years), the most frequently found risk factors were respectively high low level socio-economic (77%), multiparity (36%); pregnancy-induced hypertension (32%) and anemia (31%). clinical picture was stereotypical and included signs of heart failure. This one was global in thirty-nine (39) cases (75%), left in thirteen (13) cases (25%), cardiomegaly was noted in all cases with mean cardiothoracic ratio at 0.614 (range 0.52 to 0.83). Sinus tachycardia was observed in fifty-one 51 cases (98%). Left atrial dilatation was noted in twenty-three 23 cases (44.2%), left atrial dilatation was noted in thirteen (13) cases (25%). Diffuse disorders of the repolarization were noted in forty-three cases (83%). Echocardiography revealed: left cavitary dilatation in 100% of cases; thrombosis left ventricular intravenous was noted in two cases (4%).
Predictive and Prognostic Factors Related to Chemoradioresistance in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer at Panama
Authors: Jerez Daliana , Luz Carla , Llerena Jose , Arauz Rafael
Published: April 2024

Background: In Panama, and the rest of Latin America, there are few publications on chemoradioresistance, it leads to poor prognosis and represents the main reason for failure of therapy, ultimately it can lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Objective: Identify factors associated with chemoradioresistance in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer at the Instituto Oncológico Nacional de Panamá, period 2016-2020. Methodology: This retrospective study included 71 patients with LARC who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery. Chemoradioresistant patients were those who did not reach a higher pathological stage of ypT2NO and the results were compared. Results: Of the 71 patients, pathological complete response (pCR) was achieved in 34 patients (48%). 49% of patients met chemoradioresistance criteria. In this group, the median CEA was 136 ng/ml, the median hemoglobin was 12 g/dl, and the median BMI was 26 kg/m2. The median radiation dose was 5000Gy. The time between completion of chemoradiotherapy and surgery was 110 days (16 weeks). Depending on the type of surgery, 65% who underwent low anterior resection were chemoradioresistant. The variables with statistical significance were the CEA value >5 ng/mL (OR=1.81, p=0.026) prior to the start of neoadjuvant treatment, with a lower pCR rate. Likewise, the ECOG scale (OR=2.51, p=0.015) was a risk factor related to chemoradioresistance, the lower the ECOG, the lower the risk of chemoradioresistance. The median overall survival and median recurrence-free survival was not reached in both groups and there was no statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Significant interactions were identified between CEA levels prior to the start of neoadjuvant treatment with the pathological complete response rate and the ECOG score with chemoradioresistance. Therefore, these factors can be used to predict patient outcomes, will help optimize personalized treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Government R&D Subsidies and Firms' Innovation Performance: Empirical Evidence Based on Listed Companies in the New Energy Industry
Authors: Wenyi Deng
Published: April 2024

At present, China is actively changing the original energy consumption structure, reducing the use of traditional fossil energy and vigorously promoting the green development of new energy. To stimulate technological innovation and promote economic growth is the direction and principle of the current industrial policy, and to increase the investment of R&D funds and enhance the independent innovation ability is the way to accelerate the construction of China's core competitive strength, so it is necessary to scientifically assess the impact of government R&D subsidies on the innovation performance of enterprises. The government's investment of R&D funds also plays an important role in the new energy industry, which is characterized by technological innovation, government R&D funding also plays an important role in the new energy industry characterized by technological innovation. In this paper, we select the panel data of listed companies in the new energy industry from 2006 to 2020 as the research object to empirically analyze the relationship between government R&D subsidies and corporate innovation performance. Based on the results of benchmark regression in this paper, the overall results show that government R&D subsidies are conducive to the improvement of corporate innovation performance in the new energy industry. This study aims to explore the effect of government R&D subsidies on enterprise innovation performance and put forward feasible suggestions to understand the role of government subsidies in the process of enterprise R&D and innovation activities from a deeper perspective.
Framework for Examining the Correlation Between Trade Liberalization and Employment in Nigeria
Authors: Oriakpono Anderson , Habib Abdullahi , Ladan Balarabe
Published: April 2024

This research examines the relationship between trade liberalization and employment in Nigeria using a retrospective research approach. The study considers variables such as the employment rate, trade openness index, foreign direct investment, and currency exchange rate. The analytical framework combines classical linear regression and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models to capture both short-term and long-term dynamics. Diagnostic tests, including descriptive statistics, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Perron Unit Root Test, ARDL-Bound test, and Error Correction Model (ECM)-ARDL test, are conducted to analyze the collected data. The study utilizes secondary data from the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (2018) covering the period from 1985 to 2018. The findings of the study are mixed. The error correction estimates indicate a negative relationship between the trade openness index and the employment rate. On the other hand, foreign direct investment shows a negative relationship with employment rate, but this relationship is not statistically significant. The exchange rate demonstrates a positive and significant correlation with the employment rate. It was recommended that, Diversifying Nigeria's economy by promoting domestic industries like agriculture, manufacturing, and services to create job opportunities and reduce import dependence. Implement effective labor market policies including job training, worker protections, and competitive labor market measures to mitigate negative impacts of trade liberalization on employment. Target FDI to sectors with high job creation potential, incentivizing investments, supporting technology transfer, and fostering partnerships for employment growth in Nigeria.
The Role of Low Lactose Feeding for Preventing Childhood Malnutrition and Long-Term Gut Damage Caused by Recurrent Diarrhoeal Disease
Authors: Islam Nurul , Raha Biplob , Chharra Samia , Prodhan Shamsuzzaman , Haque Ariful , Hassan Nazmul
Published: April 2024

Even though it has decreased over the past three decades, diarrheal sickness continues to be a major global cause of death for children. There is a strong correlation between childhood rotavirus, diarrhea, climate factors, and malnutrition. On the other hand, a significant nutritional shift (lower levels of undernutrition) among children mal five has been documented in the last ten years, especially in developing nations like Bangladesh, where rotavirus infection has also been on the rise. Given the pathophysiology of rotavirus, there may be a link between the changing diet, the environment, and other artificial factors in urban areas such as Dhaka, Bangladesh, and the rise in rotavirus infections. Under-five malnutrition is still a major problem in Bangladesh, despite significant socioeconomic progress and ten years of initiatives to reduce it. Many research have been conducted in an attempt to identify the primary risk factors for malnutrition; however, none of these have looked into the importance of low birth weight (LBW) 36%. Bangladesh has seen a notable decline in the incidence of pediatric diarrhea deaths in recent decades. Over the past few decades, Bangladesh, a heavily populated country with limited resources, has managed to achieve a notable reduction in the death rate of pediatric diarrhea. Some of the obstacles that still need to be overcome in order to further lower the burden of disease and mortality brought on by diarrhea are enhancing hand hygiene practices, expanding zinc coverage for diarrhea treatment, and maintaining nutritional improvement. To increase intervention coverage and hasten the end of diarrheal mortality among children in Bangladesh, ongoing collaboration with non-governmental organizations and the private sector is necessary, as is the adoption of pluralistic health system platforms for the delivery of preventative and curative services.
The Interpretation of Role Model and Its Contemporary Value Under Kant's Moral Education Thought
Authors: Zhao Ying
Published: April 2024

Kant's moral education ideology is an important component of his entire ideological system and a brilliant gem in the history of human educational thought. Kant's moral education philosophy is mainly reflected in stimulating the intrinsic moral motivation of the educated and cultivating their kind will, advocating for the construction of moral freedom and spiritual meaning based on the principle of formality and universality as the basis for their own will. However, the current moral education in schools is still fundamentally based on material practical principles such as utilitarianism, emotion, self love, and reputation, which leads to low efficiency and formalization of moral education practice. In this sense, moral education cannot truly cultivate the sense of responsibility and obligation of the educated, let alone generate a Kantian sense of moral respect and sublimity from the depths of their hearts. The author believes that universities can change the way learners think and enhance people's moral motivation through the role of role models in moral education. By playing a role model, laying the foundation for the construction of ideas, and then making free choices, true freedom can be achieved. This article analyzes the connotation and characteristics of exemplary education in Kant's educational philosophy based on current research experience and relevant academic literature, and further explains the role of exemplary education in Kant's moral education philosophy. Finally, combining the role of role models, this paper focuses on exploring the contemporary value of the concept of role models in Kant's moral education ideas, aiming to draw on the essence of Kant's role model education and promote the reform and innovation of moral education in Chinese universities.
In-Depth Assessment of Key Factors Affecting Coffee Production in Tanzania
Authors: Mbunduki Raphael
Published: April 2024

Coffee has been among the traditional cash crops and one of the main contributors to foreign earnings in Tanzania. Consequently, earnings from its exports have remained low due to various production challenges which in turn affects export growth. These challenges have never been properly and intensively recognized for better decision-making. Therefore, this study was set to provide an in-depth assessment and understanding of key factors affecting coffee production in Tanzania.The study used simple random sampling to collect information from 364 respondents in four highly coffee-growing districts in Ruvuma, Mbeya, and Songwe regions. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires from small-scale farmers. Data were then analyzed by using a statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Excel. From the findings, poor agronomic practices such as inadequate application of fertilizer, poor pesticides and disease control, and aged low-yield coffee trees were found to be the main factors that strongly explain the relationship with low coffee production output due to their significant results. Furthermore, using regression the other variables found to significantly affect coffee production output level were limited access to finance and inadequate extension services. Based on the findings, sustainability of the coffee sector development, intensive government intervention is needed by putting more priority on training farmers best agronomic practices in the right way. This way, small farmers can be aware of the importance of the application of required agronomic practices as a key factor in the scale-up of productivity and production output. The Bank of Tanzania can also efficiently address the challenge of small-scale farmers in obtaining soft loans at a reasonable cost from financial institutions by creating an enabling environment. This should include the provision of a special loan facility to commercial banks connected with conditions to beneficial banks to lend to farmers at an indicative rate that can be affordable to small-scale coffee growers. These findings will inform policymakers and coffee stakeholders in the coffee value chain on the best actions and decision-making to enhance the sector's performance.
Investing in the Pioneering Varieties as an Agreement to Attaining Economic Take-off on Smallholder Seed Firms in West Africa
Authors: Abaidia Youcef , Lalmi Hocine
Published: April 2024

Farmers everywhere depend on access to good quality seed, which is fundamental to their crop production systems. Most governments have made significant investments in strengthening national agricultural production capacities, yet farmers in developing countries still face difficulties in accessing the quality seed of the varieties that they require. Guaranteeing farmers’ access to quality seed can only be achieved through a viable seed supply system that can multiply and distribute seeds, which have been produced or preserved. This is better achieved by the private sector, but medium- to large-scale international seed companies concentrate on high-value crops and avoid dealing in the self-pollinating, open-pollinating and vegetative-propagated varieties on which most smallholder farmers depend for their food security as the biology of these crops makes it easy for farmers to keep their seeds for several seasons. However, smallholders are often seen as the driving force of economic growth, poverty reduction and food security. This is also true for smallholder seed enterprises, which, in the absence of large companies, provide a valid alternative for the production and distribution of food security crops. This paper reviews case studies on smallholder seed enterprise in Côte d’Ivoire, as well as relevant world literature in order to identify key issues that facilitate or constrain the development of the seed sector. The final section provides some guidelines on policy design and implementation to promote the development of sustainable seed enterprises at different stages in the evolution of national seed sectors. It provides examples of good practices and hence seeks to assist governments in identifying ways in which they can support the development of smallholder seed enterprises that will provide the most appropriate varieties to smallholder farmers in their efforts to boost food production.
The Effect of Industry Extension Services Project on the Performance of Small and Micro Enterprises
Authors: Shiferaw Efrem
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of industry extension service projects on the performance of micro and small enterprises. Thus, the study utilized an explanatory and descriptive research design to achieve the objectives of the research. The study targeted MSEs that had been in operation for more than two years at the time of the study. The research had a total population of 606 MSEs, out of which a sample size of 241 operators was realized using Taro Yamane’s formula. Thus, a stratified sampling technique and simple random sampling were employed to select representative samples. Beside, primary and secondary data were used in the study. The analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20 on 223 fully responded questionnaires. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. In addition to this, correlation and regression models were used to analyze the variables of the study. The finding proved that IESP support provided by TVET trainers to MSEs was not adequate. Regression analysis indicated that entrepreneurship, technology, kaizen, and technical skill support had a positive and significant relationship with the performance of MSEs. Thus, it is recommended that the TVET College should provide regular industry extension service support to MSEs through four packages.
Neural Network Based Technical Analysis of Football Games
Authors: Li Zhaojun
Published: April 2024

Football is the most famous sports in the world, and English Premier League is the number one league in the world for three consecutive years (Fédération internationale de football association, FIFA). It is always interesting to apply technical analysis to understand what makes the best football player and football team. In this article, we try to answer the question "what kind of tactical play is the most advanced" through statistical analysis on the game data of English Premier League in the 21-22 season. To be more specific, firstly, we applied descriptive statistics to analyze the technical and tactical play of each team, and then screen out the technical and tactical indicators that significantly affect the outcome of the game through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and discriminate analysis, and the preliminary target conclusions were obtained. BP neural network was then carried out to predict the rankings of the Premier League teams by using the indicators selected by ANOVA and discriminant analysis, as input value. BP neural network prediction model is then established to predict the ranking of each team in the 22-23 season. A general conclusion and make suggestions on the planning of the technical and tactical playing methods of our country's youth soccer sports.
Evaluating the Relationship Between Education Spending and Economic Growth in Egypt: An ARDL Model Analysis
Authors: Abdelgany Mohamed , Mohamed Sohair , Rashed Mohamed
Published: April 2024

Education plays a pivotal role in driving economic growth, acting as a catalyst for human capital development and fostering innovation. Additionally, investing in education cultivates a skilled workforce, which not only attracts foreign investment but also enhances economic growth by bolstering competitiveness and market efficiency. Ultimately, these factors positively impact the standard of living, reflecting the interconnectedness between education, economic prosperity, and quality of life. This research comes to evaluate the impact of spending on education on the standard of living and then on economic growth in Egypt. The research is centered on employing a quantitative approach to assess the influence of education on economic growth. Additionally, it includes a descriptive analysis of variables and the presentation of results to provide a comprehensive understanding. The research functions the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds testing method in examining the cointegration from 1990 to 2021 based on annual time series data in Egypt. The research utilizes the numbers of classes in schools in the three educational stages (primary - preparatory - secondary) and the number of students enrolled in theoretical and practical colleges. The findings affirm that expenditure on education across all levels has a positive impact on economic growth in Egypt, albeit weak. This trend is attributed to the reduction in education spending relative to the growing number of students.
Milling and Bread-Making Traits Associated with Grain Hardness in Ethiopian Bread Wheat Varieties Grown Under Bale Condition
Authors: Soboka Shure , Bayissa Tilahun , Alemu Wubishet
Published: April 2024

Many food processing industries utilizing bread wheat as a raw material are being established in the country. As a result, information on physico-chemical characteristics to match end use quality is very essential. In line with this, the current study was initiated with objectives to characterize physico-chemical properties in relation to bread making quality and to classify bread wheat cultivars as soft and hard wheat based on data generated. The grain of 44 Ethiopian improved bread wheat cultivars were collected from different agricultural research centers in the country and grown under rain fall condition at two locations (Ginnir and Sinana on station) during Bona (July-Jan., 2015/16 and 2016/17) growing season and analyzed for grain physical and flour chemical quality characteristics. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Result of analysis of variance indicated that, there is significant variations in all quality parameters considered among cultivars. Grain physical characteristics, such as thousand kernel weight (TKW), percent vitreous kernel (%Vk), were showed highly significant difference (P<0.01) due to cultivars. Grain chemical quality as expressed by protein quantity (%P) and quality, percent gluten index (% Gl), Zeleny index (Zl), have also shown highly significant difference (P<0.01) due to genotypes. In addition, strong environmental variation was observed on measured quality characters. The present results indicated that there is huge genetic variation among Ethiopian wheat varieties for quality traits considered in this study.
The Role of Lactobacillus Reuteri Probiotic for Preventing Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Toddlerhood
Authors: Uddin Mohammad , Uddin Shahab , Deb Bishwajit , Hussain Tania , Rafi Sohel , Islam Azizul
Published: April 2024

Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri has been shown to be useful for a number of gastrointestinal disorders. Its ability to secrete antimicrobial compounds, prevent pathogenic microorganisms from colonizing the host, and alter the composition of the commensal microbiota in the host are all major contributors to its therapeutic advantages. Not only that, but L. reuteri treatment strengthens the host's defenses against infection and pro-inflammatory cytokine production while enhancing the growth and functionality of regulatory T cells. Numerous pediatric illnesses, particularly those pertaining to the intestinal health of infants, have been found to be well managed by L. reuteri, according to systematic reviews and meta-analyses. According to current research on L. reuteri, it may be useful in the management and avoidance of a number of common clinical disorders, including functional constipation, infantile colic, regurgitation, and diarrhea. Probiotic treatment for pediatric illnesses has had favorable benefits on bowel regularity in individuals with chronic constipation and has been found to successfully reduce screaming and/or fussing time in newborns with colic. Additionally, it quickens the emptying of the stomach and lessens distension. Several research have even come to the conclusion that this probiotic strain reduces the frequency of regurgitation. The potential of this probiotic strain for application in the treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders is evident from all of these findings. Therefore, this study aims to encapsulate and condense the advantages of this probiotic strain in clinical settings, with a particular emphasis on how it supports babies' and toddlers' immune systems and gut health.
Comparison of Viral Load, CD4 and Hematological Parameters Amongst HIV, Patients on Tenofovir and Zidovudine-Based ARV Therapy in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Umeozulu Chinwe , Ibeh Nnannah , Obafemi Isaac
Published: April 2024

HIV is a global public health concern and people diagnosed with HIV are treated with Antiretroviral therapy. Until 2017, Tenofovir and Zidovudine-based ART were the two major first line drugs for PLHIVs in Nasarawa Nigeria. This study aims to compare the HIV viral load suppression amongst patients on these two ART combinations in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study was conducted in three (3) secondary health facilities in Nasarawa State using one hundred subjects selected randomly from the three facilities comprising 50 HIV Sero-positive individuals on Tenofovir-based ART and 50 HIV sero-positive individuals on Zidovudine-based ART. Ethylene diamine Tetra Acetic (EDTA) blood specimen was obtained from each study participant for Full blood count (FBC) using haematology auto-analyser (Sysmex K21N), CD4 count using Partec Cyflow Counter II and HIV viral load analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The demographic data of study participants shows that more females (72) were involved in the study making up 64% of the subjects on Tenofovir and 80% of those on Zidovuine and most of the subjects were within the ages of 26-35years. There was no significant difference (p=0.666) in the viral load of the subjects on any of the regimen. The red blood cells count (RBC) and platelet counts were significantly different (p<0.0001) amongst the subjects on the two ART regimen whereas CD4 count, white blood cells count, lymphocytes count, granulocytes count and Packed cell volume (PCV) were not significantly different within the two groups. Age affected some of the haematological parameters (granulocytes, PCV, RBCs and platelets) within the two groups at different ages. Sex only affected the PCV and granulocytes of subjects within the two different groups (p=0.0069), occupation, knowledge about HIV/AIDS disease and care, duration of ART treatment and year of initial diagnosis of HIV did not affect the haematological and immunological parameters of subjects on the two ART regimen. Conclusively, there is no significant difference in the virologic and immunological response of patients on the two ART therapy but some haematological parameters of subjects on Zidovudine were statistically different from those on Tenofovir.
Evaluating Experts’ Perspectives on Utilizing mHealth for Data Services in HIV Program Implementation in Cameroon
Authors: Nsai Frankline , Ngunde Palle , Njunda Anna , Tendongfor Nicholas , Besong Arrey , Njajou Omer
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The widespread adoption of mobile health (mHealth) technology has become a crucial aspect of healthcare delivery, particularly in regions with limited access to traditional healthcare systems. Cameroon, a Central African nation grappling with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, presents a suitable context for mHealth interventions. This study aims to assess expert opinions on the application of mHealth for data services in implementing HIV programs in Cameroon. Methods: Employing a mixed-methods approach, we utilized a quantitative cross-sectional design (via a survey questionnaire) and a qualitative design (through in-depth interviews). The purposive sample technique was employed to recruit health specialists from diverse organizations and healthcare facilities across the country. Results: Analysis of responses from mHealth experts revealed that 76% held a positive perspective on using mHealth for data services in HIV program implementation in Cameroon, while 24% expressed a negative opinion. Statistical analysis did not reveal a significant association (p = 0.265) between qualifications and perspectives on mHealth. Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) experts exhibited a notable association (94.1%) with positive perspectives on mHealth utilization. In contrast, IT specialists and public health experts demonstrated slightly lower percentages (78.6% and 60%, respectively). Conclusion: Experts in mHealth conveyed optimism about using mHealth to provide data services for implementing HIV programs in Cameroon. The study discovered that mHealth users' perceptions were positively correlated with age group and work position. However, there was no discernible relationship between the attitudes of mHealth users and gender or educational attainment.
Communication in the Process of ODR: Advantages and Challenges
Authors: Krishna Bharawaj H. Sree
Published: April 2024

The traditional courts often do not provide chance for effectively communicating the grievance of a person. Meanwhile Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) systems such as arbitration, mediation, negotiation etc. primarily offer an ear to hear the problems. This has contributed to the growth of ADR worldwide. With the penetration of internet and introduction of mobiles, there have rapid changes even in the resolution of conflicts. Online Dispute Resolution is one such area where technology is used to resolve the disputes online without any physical presence. This paper will bring out the importance of communication, and the communication in the process of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), its advantages and challenges.