bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sampling Conditions and Environmental Factors on Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis by an Electronic Nose Device
Authors: Berkhout Daniel , Benninga Marc , Van Stein Ruby , Brinkman Paul , Niemarkt Hendrik , De Boer Nanne , De Meij Tim
Published: November 2016

Prior to implementation of volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis in clinical practice, substantial challenges, including methodological, biological and analytical difficulties are faced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of several sampling conditions and environmental factors on fecal VOC profiles, analyzed by an electronic nose (eNose). Effects of fecal sample mass, water content, duration of storage at room temperature, fecal sample temperature, number of freeze–thaw cycles and effect of sampling method (rectal swabs vs. fecal samples) on VOC profiles were assessed by analysis of totally 725 fecal samples by means of an eNose (Cyranose320®). Furthermore, fecal VOC profiles of totally 1285 fecal samples from 71 infants born at three different hospitals were compared to assess the influence of center of origin on VOC outcome. We observed that all analyzed variables significantly influenced fecal VOC composition. It was feasible to capture a VOC profile using rectal swabs, although this differed significantly from fecal VOC profiles of similar subjects. In addition, 1285 fecal VOC-profiles could significantly be discriminated based on center of birth. In conclusion, standardization of methodology is necessary before fecal VOC analysis can live up to its potential as diagnostic tool in clinical practice.
State of the Art, Trends and Future of Bluetooth Low Energy, Near Field Communication and Visible Light Communication in the Development of Smart Cities
Authors: Cerruela García Gonzalo , Luque Ruiz Irene , Gómez-Nieto Miguel
Published: November 2016

The current social impact of new technologies has produced major changes in all areas of society, creating the concept of a smart city supported by an electronic infrastructure, telecommunications and information technology. This paper presents a review of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Near Field Communication (NFC) and Visible Light Communication (VLC) and their use and influence within different areas of the development of the smart city. The document also presents a review of Big Data Solutions for the management of information and the extraction of knowledge in an environment where things are connected by an “Internet of Things” (IoT) network. Lastly, we present how these technologies can be combined together to benefit the development of the smart city.
Service Demand Discovery Mechanism for Mobile Social Networks
Authors: Wu Dapeng , Yan Junjie , Wang Honggang , Wang Ruyan
Published: November 2016

In the last few years, the service demand for wireless data over mobile networks has continually been soaring at a rapid pace. Thereinto, in Mobile Social Networks (MSNs), users can discover adjacent users for establishing temporary local connection and thus sharing already downloaded contents with each other to offload the service demand. Due to the partitioned topology, intermittent connection and social feature in such a network, the service demand discovery is challenging. In particular, the service demand discovery is exploited to identify the best relay user through the service registration, service selection and service activation. In order to maximize the utilization of limited network resources, a hybrid service demand discovery architecture, such as a Virtual Dictionary User (VDU) is proposed in this paper. Based on the historical data of movement, users can discover their relationships with others. Subsequently, according to the users activity, VDU is selected to facilitate the service registration procedure. Further, the service information outside of a home community can be obtained through the Global Active User (GAU) to support the service selection. To provide the Quality of Service (QoS), the Service Providing User (SPU) is chosen among multiple candidates. Numerical results show that, when compared with other classical service algorithms, the proposed scheme can improve the successful service demand discovery ratio by 25% under reduced overheads.
Evaluation and Classification of Overseas Talents in China Based on the BWM for Intuitionistic Relations
Authors: Yang Qing , Zhang Zaisheng , You Xinshang , Chen Tong
Published: November 2016

Efficient utilization of human resources is an important force for the sustainable development of society and the economy. Against the backdrop of the development of economic globalization, the Chinese Government is presently implementing the strategy of “Strengthening the Nation with Talent” to assist the exploitation and management of human resources. Overseas talents have recently become an important resource. How to scientifically evaluate and classify overseas talents has become an important research topic, and it is necessary to seek a systematic decision aid. This paper introduces a novel methodology to evaluate and classify overseas talents in China under the intuitionistic relations environment. Firstly, we determine the weighted values of decision makers and criteria through defining geometry consistency. Secondly, we construct a non-linear Best-Worst-Method (BWM) model with intuitionistic preference relations. A highlight of this BWM model for intuitionistic relations is taking both positive and negative aspects into consideration, which is different from the original BWM. Finally, the proposed methodology is applied to an illustrative example of overseas talent evaluation, indicating the simultaneous efficiency and practicability of the method.
The Expanding Family of Virophages
Authors: Bekliz Meriem , Colson Philippe , La Scola Bernard
Published: November 2016

Virophages replicate with giant viruses in the same eukaryotic cells. They are a major component of the specific mobilome of mimiviruses. Since their discovery in 2008, five other representatives have been isolated, 18 new genomes have been described, two of which being nearly completely sequenced, and they have been classified in a new viral family, Lavidaviridae. Virophages are small viruses with approximately 35–74 nm large icosahedral capsids and 17–29 kbp large double-stranded DNA genomes with 16–34 genes, among which a very small set is shared with giant viruses. Virophages have been isolated or detected in various locations and in a broad range of habitats worldwide, including the deep ocean and inland. Humans, therefore, could be commonly exposed to virophages, although currently limited evidence exists of their presence in humans based on serology and metagenomics. The distribution of virophages, the consequences of their infection and the interactions with their giant viral hosts within eukaryotic cells deserve further research.
Eleventh International Foamy Virus Conference—Meeting Report
Authors: Buseyne Florence , Gessain Antoine , Soares Marcelo , Santos André , Materniak-Kornas Magdalena , Lesage Pascale , Zamborlini Alessia , Löchelt Martin , Qiao Wentao , Lindemann Dirk , Wöhrl Birgitta , Stoye Jonathan , Taylor Ian , Khan Arifa
Published: November 2016

The Eleventh International Foamy Virus Conference took place on 9–10 June 2016 at the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. The meeting reviewed progress on foamy virus (FV) research, as well as related current topics in retrovirology. FVs are complex retroviruses that are widespread in several animal species. Several research topics on these viruses are relevant to human health: cross-species transmission and viral emergence, vectors for gene therapy, development of antiretroviral drugs, retroviral evolution and its influence on the human genome. In this article, we review the conference presentations on these viruses and highlight the major questions to be answered.
Interactions between the HIV-1 Unspliced mRNA and Host mRNA Decay Machineries
Authors: Toro-Ascuy Daniela , Rojas-Araya Bárbara , Valiente-Echeverría Fernando , Soto-Rifo Ricardo
Published: November 2016

The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) unspliced transcript is used both as mRNA for the synthesis of structural proteins and as the packaged genome. Given the presence of retained introns and instability AU-rich sequences, this viral transcript is normally retained and degraded in the nucleus of host cells unless the viral protein REV is present. As such, the stability of the HIV-1 unspliced mRNA must be particularly controlled in the nucleus and the cytoplasm in order to ensure proper levels of this viral mRNA for translation and viral particle formation. During its journey, the HIV-1 unspliced mRNA assembles into highly specific messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) containing many different host proteins, amongst which are well-known regulators of cytoplasmic mRNA decay pathways such as up-frameshift suppressor 1 homolog (UPF1), Staufen double-stranded RNA binding protein 1/2 (STAU1/2), or components of miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) and processing bodies (PBs). More recently, the HIV-1 unspliced mRNA was shown to contain N6-methyladenosine (m6A), allowing the recruitment of YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2), an m6A reader host protein involved in mRNA decay. Interestingly, these host proteins involved in mRNA decay were shown to play positive roles in viral gene expression and viral particle assembly, suggesting that HIV-1 interacts with mRNA decay components to successfully accomplish viral replication. This review summarizes the state of the art in terms of the interactions between HIV-1 unspliced mRNA and components of different host mRNA decay machineries.
AN ORIGIN OF MULTIPLE RING STRUCTURE AND HIDDEN PLANETS IN HL TAU: A UNIFIED PICTURE BY SECULAR GRAVITATIONAL INSTABILITY
Authors: Takahashi Sanemichi Z. , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro
Published: November 2016

Recent ALMA observation has revealed multiple ring structures formed in a protoplanetary disk around HL Tau. Prior to the ALMA observation of HL Tau, theoretical analysis of secular gravitational instability (GI) described a possible formation of multiple ring structures with separations of 13 au around a radius of 100 au in protoplanetary disks under certain conditions. In this article, we reanalyze the viability of secular GI by adopting the physical values inferred from the observations. We derive the radial distributions of the most unstable wavelength and the growth timescale of secular GI and verify that secular GI can form the ring structures observed in HL Tau. When a turbulent viscosity coefficient α remains small in the inner region of the disk, secular GI grows in the whole disk. Thus, the formation of planetary mass objects should occur first in the inner region as a result of gravitational fragmentation after the nonlinear growth of secular GI. In this case, the resulting objects are expected to create gaps at r ∼ 10 au and ∼30 au. As a result, all ring structures in HL Tau can be created by secular GI. If this scenario is realized in HL Tau, the outer region corresponds to the earlier growth phase of the most unstable mode of secular GI, and the inner region corresponds to the outcome of the nonlinear growth of secular GI. Therefore, this interpretation suggests that we are possibly witnessing both the beginning and the end of planet formation in HL Tau.
EVIDENCE FOR THE DIRECT DETECTION OF THE THERMAL SPECTRUM OF THE NON-TRANSITING HOT GAS GIANT HD 88133 b
Authors: Piskorz Danielle , Benneke Björn , Crockett Nathan R. , Lockwood Alexandra C. , Blake Geoffrey A. , Barman Travis S. , Bender Chad F. , Bryan Marta L. , Carr John S. , Fischer Debra A. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Johnson John A.
Published: November 2016

We target the thermal emission spectrum of the non-transiting gas giant HD 88133 b with high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy, by treating the planet and its host star as a spectroscopic binary. For sufficiently deep summed flux observations of the star and planet across multiple epochs, it is possible to resolve the signal of the hot gas giant’s atmosphere compared to the brighter stellar spectrum, at a level consistent with the aggregate shot noise of the full data set. To do this, we first perform a principal component analysis to remove the contribution of the Earth’s atmosphere to the observed spectra. Then, we use a cross-correlation analysis to tease out the spectra of the host star and HD 88133 b to determine its orbit and identify key sources of atmospheric opacity. In total, six epochs of Keck NIRSPEC L-band observations and three epochs of Keck NIRSPEC K-band observations of the HD 88133 system were obtained. Based on an analysis of the maximum likelihood curves calculated from the multi-epoch cross-correlation of the full data set with two atmospheric models, we report the direct detection of the emission spectrum of the non-transiting exoplanet HD 88133 b and measure a radial projection of the Keplerian orbital velocity of 40 ± 15 km s−1, a true mass of

, a nearly face-on orbital inclination of

, and an atmosphere opacity structure at high dispersion dominated by water vapor. This, combined with 11 years of radial velocity measurements of the system, provides the most up-to-date ephemeris for HD 88133.
THE K2 M67 STUDY: REVISITING OLD FRIENDS WITH K2 REVEALS OSCILLATING RED GIANTS IN THE OPEN CLUSTER M67
Authors: Stello Dennis , Vanderburg Andrew , Casagrande Luca , Gilliland Ron , Aguirre Victor Silva , Sandquist Eric , Leiner Emily , Mathieu Robert , Soderblom David R.
Published: November 2016

Observations of stellar clusters have had a tremendous impact in forming our understanding of stellar evolution. The open cluster M67 has a particularly important role as a calibration benchmark for stellar evolution theory due to its near-solar composition and age. As a result, it has been observed extensively, including attempts to detect solar-like oscillations in its main sequence and red giant stars. However, any asteroseismic inference has so far remained elusive due to the difficulty in measuring these extremely low-amplitude oscillations. Here we report the first unambiguous detection of solar-like oscillations in the red giants of M67. We use data from the Kepler ecliptic mission, K2, to measure the global asteroseismic properties. We find a model-independent seismic-informed distance of 816 ± 11 pc, or

mag, an average red giant mass of

, in agreement with the dynamical mass from an eclipsing binary near the cluster turn-off, and ages of individual stars compatible with isochrone fitting. We see no evidence of strong mass loss on the red giant branch. We also determine seismic

of all the cluster giants with a typical precision of

dex. Our results generally show good agreement with independent methods and support the use of seismic scaling relations to determine global properties of red giant stars with near-solar metallicity. We further illustrate that the data are of such high quality that future work on individual mode frequencies should be possible, which would extend the scope of seismic analysis of this cluster.
COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS OF EARLY BLACK HOLE FORMATION: HALO MERGERS, TIDAL DISRUPTION, AND THE CONDITIONS FOR DIRECT COLLAPSE
Authors: Chon Sunmyon , Hirano Shingo , Hosokawa Takashi , Yoshida Naoki
Published: November 2016

Gravitational collapse of a massive primordial gas cloud is thought to be a promising path for the formation of supermassive black holes in the early universe. We study conditions for the so-called direct collapse (DC) black hole formation in a fully cosmological context. We combine a semianalytic model of early galaxy formation with halo merger trees constructed from dark matter N-body simulations. We locate a total of 68 possible DC sites in a volume of

on a side. We then perform hydrodynamics simulations for 42 selected halos to study in detail the evolution of the massive clouds within them. We find only two successful cases where the gas clouds rapidly collapse to form stars. In the other cases, gravitational collapse is prevented by the tidal force exerted by a nearby massive halo, which otherwise should serve as a radiation source necessary for DC. Ram pressure stripping disturbs the cloud approaching the source. In many cases, a DC halo and its nearby light source halo merge before the onset of cloud collapse. When the DC halo is assembled through major mergers, the gas density increases rapidly to trigger gravitational instability. Based on our cosmological simulations, we conclude that the event rate of DC is an order of magnitude smaller than reported in previous studies, although the absolute rate is still poorly constrained. It is necessary to follow the dynamical evolution of a DC cloud and its nearby halo(s) in order to determine the critical radiation flux for DC.
ENERGY DISSIPATION AND LANDAU DAMPING IN TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL PLASMA TURBULENCE
Authors: Li Tak Chu , Howes Gregory G. , Klein Kristopher G. , TenBarge Jason M.
Published: November 2016

Plasma turbulence is ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas, playing an important role in plasma energization, but the physical mechanisms leading to dissipation of the turbulent energy remain to be definitively identified. Kinetic simulations in two dimensions (2D) have been extensively used to study the dissipation process. How the limitation to 2D affects energy dissipation remains unclear. This work provides a model of comparison between two- and three-dimensional (3D) plasma turbulence using gyrokinetic simulations; it also explores the dynamics of distribution functions during the dissipation process. It is found that both 2D and 3D nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of a low-beta plasma generate electron velocity-space structures with the same characteristics as that of the linear Landau damping of Alfvén waves in a 3D linear simulation. The continual occurrence of the velocity-space structures throughout the turbulence simulations suggests that the action of Landau damping may be responsible for the turbulent energy transfer to electrons in both 2D and 3D, and makes possible the subsequent irreversible heating of the plasma through collisional smoothing of the velocity-space fluctuations. Although, in the 2D case where variation along the equilibrium magnetic field is absent, it may be expected that Landau damping is not possible, a common trigonometric factor appears in the 2D resonant denominator, leaving the resonance condition unchanged from the 3D case. The evolution of the 2D and 3D cases is qualitatively similar. However, quantitatively, the nonlinear energy cascade and subsequent dissipation is significantly slower in the 2D case.
Herpes Simplex Type 2 Encephalitis and Methotrexate Medication: A Fortuitous or Causative Association in a Patient with Spondyloarthritis?
Authors: Lupo Julien , Santos Ophélie Dos , Germi Raphaele , Baccard-Longère Monique , Stahl Jean-Paul , Epaulard Olivier , Morand Patrice
Published: November 2016

It is unclear whether immunosuppression is a risk factor for herpes encephalitis. Herein, we describe a rare case of herpes simplex virus type 2 encephalitis in a patient treated with low-dose methotrexate for HLA-B27-associated spondyloarthritis. The patient was successfully treated with acyclovir but presented sequelae of encephalitis. Here we discuss the possible role of low-dose methotrexate therapy as a risk factor of neurological herpes reactivation and severe disease. The host-related and viral risk factors are also addressed.
Midshaft Clavicular Fractures - Osteosynthesis with Minimally Invasive Technique
Authors: Al-Sadek Tabet A. , Niklev Desislav , Al-Sadek Ahmed
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND: Fractures of the clavicle are one of the most common fractures in modern orthopaedics and traumatology practice. Knowing the mechanism of trauma, and it's pathophysiological elements, it's clear distinction and it's individual features are essential to the development of more new and effective methods for their treatment, and the minimising of postoperative complications.AIM: The aim of this paper was to present the results of our patients treated with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2011 and March 2013, 12 patients were treated with MIPO technique. The mean age was 47.5 years (range, 16-79 years). Outcomes and complications of clinical treatment were reviewed.RESULTS: All fractures healed within a mean period of 4.9 months (range, 2-10 months). Regarding complications, there was no occurrence of implant failure or deep infection. There were no nonunions, but one 79-year-old man had a delayed union. Almost of all the cases didnâ€™t need bending of the plate. Seven plates were removed by their hopes. And there werenâ€™t any cases that required new incisions.CONCLUSIONS: A pre-contoured plate anatomically configured to fit the clavicle was easier to apply. MIPO technique for midshaft clavicle fractures may be a good option.
Littérature restreinte et démocratie restreinte : retour à Victor Cousin
Authors: Viala Alain
Published: November 2016

Résumé La littérature varie, en diachronie et en synchronie. Dès que l’on restitue leur place à ces variations, il apparaît que la conception absolue de la littérature n’est ni absolue ni éternelle, qu’elle a une histoire qui, en France, s’est dessinée au début du xix e  siècle, lorsque cette conception a été théorisée par Victor Cousin (dès 1815 et dans plusieurs livres, dont ses Fragments philosophiques et Du Vrai, du Beau, du Bien ). Au même moment s’est installée une certaine conception de la démocratie. L’article propose un retour sur cette origine et avance la thèse qui pourrait s’énoncer dans la formule suivante : à démocratie restreinte, littérature restreinte.
James Joyce et l’homme du commun
Authors: Schaeffer Jean-Marie
Published: November 2016

Résumé Joyce se distingue de la plupart des autres grands romanciers modernistes parce qu’il est convaincu que l’histoire n’est pas une dimension essentielle de l’humanité. Les mondes fictionnels joyciens dissolvent l’histoire dans le temps de la quotidienneté, donc dans la temporalité de la vie vécue des individus. Il n’est pas davantage le porte-voix de la thèse de l’absolu littéraire et, plus généralement, de l’absolu artistique : l’enthousiasme juvénile pour la religion de l’art n’est plus endossé par l’auteur d’ Ulysse . Plutôt, son indifférence à la grande Histoire est fondée sur la conviction que la seule unité de mesure temporelle qui convienne aux humains est celle de la vie individuelle de chacun d’entre eux. Pour s’ouvrir à la beauté des choses, il faut accepter le caractère inévitablement contingent et ouvert de la vie. Finnegans Wake représente l’apogée de cette égalisation radicale, réduisant à une même perplexité le lecteur cultivé ou ignorant, et l’auteur lui-même, face au foisonnement d’une œuvre au plus près de la contingence.
Langues vernaculaires, espaces locaux et revendication démocratique en Chine, du mouvement du 4 Mai à l’époque contemporaine
Authors: Veg Sebastian
Published: November 2016

RÉSUMÉ Le remplacement du chinois classique par la langue vernaculaire au xx e  siècle est généralement présenté comme un élément de la démocratisation et de la modernisation de la Chine, participant de sa transformation en État-nation. Cependant, la standardisation de la nouvelle langue nationale, à partir du vernaculaire septentrional, en fait aussi un nouvel outil de domination. C’est alors plutôt la sphère culturelle et linguistique locale qui, tout au long du xx e  siècle, fonctionne comme espace de contestation démocratique des grands récits nationaux.
Ruskin réconcilié chez M. de Charlus
Authors: Micu Cristian
Published: November 2016

Cet article traite d’un agencement pictural proustien – un arc-en-ciel turnérien entre deux Rembrandt. Sont examinées : l’ascendance rembranesque de Turner et l’évolution négative du jugement de Ruskin, fervent turnérien, sur Rembrandt. La tentative proustienne de réconcilier Ruskin avec Rembrandt réussit-elle ? Rembrandt reste-t-il trop moderne pour Ruskin ? Un début de réponse se trouve dans la Bourgogne des Valois.
« L’idée d’un a priori affectif » et la perception esthétique chez Mikel Dufrenne
Authors: Thérien Claude
Published: November 2016

Après avoir rappelé les enjeux philosophiques de la problématique de l’idée d’un a priori affectif dans le parcours philosophique de Mikel Dufrenne, nous chercherons à mettre en valeur l’heuristique des a priori affectifs, conçue comme une herméneutique de la présence du sensible qui met en lumière l’affinité communicative entre les « a priori existentiels » et les « a priori cosmologiques ».
De l’intergénéricité et de l’interartialité dans Lumières de Pointe-Noire d’Alain Mabanckou ou le roman N’zassa en question
Authors: Blékain Arsène
Published: November 2016

La question identitaire est un enjeu discret, mais persistant des littératures africaines coloniales et postcoloniales. C’est elle que Lumières de Pointe-Noire d’Alain Mabanckou voudrait interroger à travers les nombreuses stratégies scripturales qu’elle met en jeu. Cette œuvre littéraire caractérisée par l’intergénéricité et l’interartialité apparaît comme un roman n’zassa , ce type d’écrit qui rassemble harmonieusement des genres littéraires et des arts aux formes, poétiques et fonctions différentes. Par cette pratique littéraire de la polyphonie générique et artiale, ce roman traduit, en réalité, le cosmopolitisme de son auteur et, par extension, celui des Africains du continent et de la diaspora, une identité qui fluctue entre afropolitanisme et afropéanisme.
Genome size, chromosome number, and rDNA organisation in Algerian populations of Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae), a basic plant for animal feeding facing overgrazing erosion
Authors: Bougoutaia Youcef , Garcia Sònia , Garnatje Teresa , Kaid-Harche Meriem , Vallès Joan
Published: November 2016

Artemisia herba-alba is a largely-distributed and often landscape-dominating taxon in arid areas of the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions. In Algeria, in 2010 its communities covered 10% of the steppe territory, but its populations have been subjected to overgrazing. A karyological study based on 22 populations together with a cytogenetic characterisation of this species has been performed for the first time in Algerian materials, through genome size and chromosome number determination. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) was also used to assess the rDNA loci number and distribution in the two ploidy levels detected. The studied accessions are diploid (2n = 2x = 18 chromosomes, 6 populations) or tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36 chromosomes, 15 populations). One population, occupying a more or less central geographic position among the studied area, presented both cytotypes. Genome size reflects well the two ploidy levels, with no evidence of downsizing with polyploidy. The karyotypes are rather symmetric (2A Stebbins’ class). FISH analyses detected four signals (2 loci) in diploid and eight signals (4 loci) in tetraploid cytotypes for both ribosomal DNA genes, which present an L-type (linked) organisation, i.e. with loci from both rDNA genes colocalised. The presence of two ploidy levels suggest a genomic dynamism and even a possible differentiation underlying the morphological uniformity and despite the dramatic decrease experienced by this plant in Algeria in terms of surface coverage.
Au tout début du punk parisien : du lycée Charlemagne au Club 100
Authors: Zénouda Hervé
Published: November 2016

Cet article s’attache à décrire le tout début du punk parisien, présente ses acteurs principaux : les groupes Strike Up et Loose Heart, Denis Quilliard (futur Jacno), le groupe Angel Face, Patrick Eudeline (futur chanteur d’Asphalt Jungle), et évoque l’environnement culturel de la France de cette époque (de 1972 à 1977). Il tente de restituer le sentiment d’urgence vécu par cette génération de musiciens parisiens sensibles au message porté par les New York Dolls (1971-1977) et par l’émergence du punk new-yorkais.
Le corps punk, de la transgression à l’innovation (1976-2016)
Authors: Liotard Philippe
Published: November 2016

L’émergence de la musique punk dans les années 1970 est associée à un style de vie, une manière de paraître et d’agir, en d’autres termes à une culture. Pour la saisir, l’entrée retenue consiste à interroger le corps punk et la dimensions transgressive qui lui est associée. La stylistique punk génère dans un premier temps de la stupeur et de l’inquiétude. De même, le corps punk est un corps stigmatisé et qui semble s’autodétruire sous l’effet des drogues ou de l’alcool. Pourtant, la corporéité punk ne se réduit ni à l’imitation d’une apparence stéréotypée (crète, perfecto, jean) ni à la destruction de soi. Le décalage entre le look « ordinaire » des musiciens et celui, travaillé, de certain.e.s dans le public fait apparaître une inventivité dans les manières d’être. Cette inventivité a perduré en se déplaçant vers de nouvelles manières de se mettre en scène, en réinventant le tatouage, le piercing, puis, progressivement d’autres techniques innovantes de modification de l’apparence rassemblées sous l’appellation de bodmods.
‘Confession’ and ‘Forgiveness’ as a strategy for development in post-genocide Rwanda
Authors: Kubai Anne
Published: November 2016

The government of Rwanda has pursued reconciliation with great determination in the belief that it is the only moral alternative to post-genocide social challenges. In Rwanda, communities must be mobilised and reshaped for social, political and economic reconstruction. This creates a rather delicate situation. Among other strategies, the state has turned to the concepts of confession and forgiveness which have deep religious roots, and systematised them both at the individual and community or state level in order to bring about reconciliation, justice, social cohesion and ultimately economic development. In view of these strategies and challenges, some of the important questions are: Does forgiveness restore victims and empower them to heal their communities? What empirical evidence exists that religiously inspired justice and reconciliation processes after mass political violence make a difference? In what areas might the understanding of religious thought and activity towards transitional justice be deepened? These questions provide the backdrop against which I examine the case of post-genocide Rwanda in this article. A hermeneutic interpretative analysis is used to situate the phenomena of forgiveness, confession and social transformation within the specific context of post-conflict societies.
Reactions to Diversity: Using Theater to Teach Medical Students about Cultural Diversity
Authors: Ivory Kimberley D , Dwyer Paul , Luscombe Georgina
Published: November 2016

Training medical students to understand the effects of culture and marginalization on health outcomes is important to the future health of increasingly diverse populations. We devised and evaluated a short training module on working with diversity to challenge students’ thinking about the role of both patient and practitioner culture in health outcomes. The workshop combined didactic teaching about culture as a social determinant of health using the cultural humility model, interactive exercises, and applied theater techniques. We evaluated changes in the students’ perceptions and attitudes over time using the Reaction to Diversity Inventory. There was initial significant improvement. Women and students with no past diversity training responded best. However, scores largely reverted to baseline over 12 months.
Nonvanishing of Central Values of L-functions of Newforms in S2(Γ0(dp2)) Twisted by Quadratic Characters
Authors: Le Fourn Samuel
Published: November 2016

We prove that for d ∊ {2, 3, 5, 7, 13} and K a quadratic (or rational) field of discriminant D and Dirichlet character 𝜒, if a prime p is large enough compared to D, there is a new form f ∊ S2Γ0(dp2)) with sign (+1) with respect to the Atkin–Lehner involution wp2 such that L( f ⊗ 𝜒, •)≠ 0. This result is obtained through an estimate of a weighted sum of twists of L-functions that generalises a result of Ellenberg. It relies on the approximate functional equation for the L-functions L( f ⊗ 𝜒, · ) and a Petersson trace formula restricted to Atkin–Lehner eigenspaces. An application of this nonvanishing theorem will be given in terms of existence of rank zero quotients of some twisted jacobians, which generalises a result of Darmon and Merel.
Los simuladores de empresa como instrumentos docentes: un análisis de su aplicación en el ámbito de la dirección de marketing
Authors: Chamorro Mera Antonio , Miranda González Francisco Javier , García Gallego José Manuel
Published: November 2016

Los avances tecnológicos y las aplicaciones web han permitido extender el uso de los simuladores de empresa o business games en la docencia universitaria. Se trata de una metodología docente activa que permite desarrollar en los estudiantes bastantes de las competencias generales y transversales que aparecen recogida en los planes de estudios de las titulaciones relacionadas con la administración y dirección de empresas.

En este trabajo se describe el uso del simulador SIMBRAND como metodología docente en el Master en Marketing e Investigación de Mercados de la Universidad de Extremadura y, posteriormente, se presentan las valoraciones que los estudiantes hacen tanto de la actividad como del aprendizaje obtenido. Los resultados son valorados positivamente por los estudiantes y por el profesorado implicado, pero la experiencia también lleva a concluir la necesidad de tener en cuenta algunos aspectos claves para el correcto uso de esta herramienta, tales como la correcta planificación y definición del sistema de evaluación, el continuo seguimiento y orientación del profesor a los estudiantes y la formación previa que los estudiantes deben recibir sobre el funcionamiento del simulador y sobre la gestión de equipos de trabajo.
Análisis de los recuerdos de los estudiantes sobre los contenidos de la titulación de Pedagogía
Authors: Torres Soto Ana , Vallejo Ruiz Mónica , Martínez Valcárcel Nicolás
Published: November 2016

Parece evidente que, si bien el currículum ha de concebirse como un plan que guíe la acción del docente, también ha de estar abierto a la investigación, a la reflexión y a la deliberación, de manera que pueda ser enriquecido por el conocimiento generado en la práctica. Teniendo en cuenta este planteamiento, presentamos este artículo con objeto de suscitar la reflexión de los docentes acerca de los contenidos expuestos en el currículum formal de los estudios de Pedagogía  en la Universidad de Murcia (España). Nuestra intención ha sido acercarnos a los contenidos que los estudiantes declaran haber aprendido en cada una de las disciplinas para identificarlos seguidamente en los contenidos recogidos en los planes curriculares de cada materia (currículum formal). Los resultados obtenidos nos han permitido evidenciar que el profesorado ha desarrollado los contenidos previstos en su programa, y establece una clara distinción entre contenidos teóricos y contenidos prácticos.
Modos de leer y escribir en Historia: perspectivas de alumnos y profesores de la formación docente inicial
Authors: Cartolari Manuela , Molina María Elena
Published: November 2016

Leer y escribir para aprender contenidos disciplinares implica poder apropiarse, paulatinamente, de supuestos epistemológicos que se actualizan en las particulares formas de pensar y hacer con el discurso escrito en determinada área del conocimiento. Partiendo de esta premisa, nos propusimos identificar y analizar qué características epistemológicas disciplinares vinculan docentes y alumnos a la lectura y escritura en tres materias de un profesorado en Historia de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, y describir, asimismo, qué sentidos les otorgan. Gracias a un semestre de observación de clases y a entrevistas a estudiantes y educadores, identificamos distintos aspectos que caracterizan las prácticas letradas en estas asignaturas. En este trabajo, analizamos en profundidad dos de las características más referidas: 1) analizar la perspectiva histórica de los autores; y 2) comprender procesos versus memorizar acontecimientos Los resultados muestran que los alumnos pueden adjudicar a estos aspectos un sentido disciplinar o arbitrario, según los mismos se pongan en juego en situaciones dialógicas o monológicas de enseñanza.
Reseña: La formación lectora y literaria
Authors: Oltra Albiach Miquel Àngel
Published: November 2016

Reseña del libro La formación lectora y literaria, Graó, 2015.
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Ammonia in Urban and Agricultural Regions
of Northern Colorado, United States
Authors: Li Yi , Thompson Tammy M. , Van Damme Martin , Chen Xi , Benedict Katherine B. , Shao Yixing , Day Derek , Boris Alexandra , Sullivan Amy P. , Ham Jay , Whitburn Simon , Clarisse Lieven , Coheur Pierre-François , Collett Jr. Jeffrey L.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Concentrated agricultural activities and animal feeding operations in the northeastern plains of Colorado represent an important source of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) that contributes to regional fine particle formation and to nitrogen deposition to sensitive ecosystems in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) located ~ 80 km to the west. In order to better understand temporal and spatial differences in NH3 concentrations in this source region, weekly concentrations of NH3 were measured at 14 locations during the summers of 2010 to 2015 using Radiello passive NH3 samplers. Weekly (biweekly in 2015) average NH3 concentrations ranged from 2.66 μg/m3 to 42.7 μg/m3 with the highest concentrations near large concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). The annual summertime mean NH3 concentrations were stable in this region from 2010 to 2015, providing a baseline against which concentration changes associated with future changes in regional NH3 emissions can be assessed. Vertical profiles of NH3 were also measured on the 300 m Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) tower throughout 2012. The highest NH3 concentration along the vertical profile was always observed at the 10 m height (annual average concentration of 4.63 μg/m3), decreasing toward the surface (4.35 μg/m3) and toward higher altitudes (1.93 μg/m3). Seasonal changes in the steepness of the vertical concentration gradient were observed, with the sharpest gradients in cooler seasons when thermal inversions restricted vertical mixing of surface-based emissions. The NH3 spatial distributions measured using the passive samplers are compared with NH3 columns retrieved by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite and concentrations simulated by the Comprehensive Air quality Model with extensions (CAMx), providing insight into the regional performance of each. The satellite comparison adds to a growing body of evidence that IASI column retrievals of NH3 provide very useful insight into regional variability in atmospheric NH3, in this case even in a region with strong local sources and sharp spatial gradients. The CAMx comparison indicates that the model does a reasonable job simulating NH3 concentrations near sources but tends to underpredict concentrations at locations farther downwind. Excess NH3 deposition by the model is hypothesized as a possible explanation for this trend.
Deduction of the rates of radial diffusion of protons from the structure of the Earth's radiation belts
Authors: Kovtyukh Alexander S.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. From the data on the fluxes and energy spectra of protons with an equatorial pitch angle of α0 ≈ 90° during quiet and slightly disturbed (Kp ≤ 2) periods, I directly calculated the value DLL, which is a measure of the rate of radial transport (diffusion) of trapped particles. This is done by successively solving the systems (chains) of integrodifferential equations which describe the balance of radial transport/acceleration and ionization losses of low-energy protons of the stationary belt. This was done for the first time. For these calculations, I used data of International Sun–Earth Explorer 1 (ISEE-1) for protons with an energy of 24 to 2081 keV at L = 2–10 and data of Explorer-45 for protons with an energy of 78.6 to 872 keV at L = 2–5. Ionization losses of protons (Coulomb losses and charge exchange) were calculated on the basis of modern models of the plasmasphere and the exosphere. It is shown that for protons with μ from  ∼ 0.7 to ∼ 7 keV nT−1 at L ≈ 4.5–10, the functions of DLL can be approximated by the following equivalent expressions: DLL ≈ 4.9 × 10−14μ−4.1L8.2 or DLL ≈ 1.3 × 105(EL)−4.1 or DLL ≈ 1.2 × 10−9fd−4.1, where fd is the drift frequency of the protons (in mHz), DLL is measured in s−1, E is measured in kiloelectronvolt and μ is measured in kiloelectronvolt per nanotesla. These results are consistent with the radial diffusion of particles under the action of the electric field fluctuations (pulsations) in the range of Pc6 and contradict the mechanism of the radial diffusion of particles under the action of sudden impulses (SIs) of the magnetic field and also under the action of substorm impulses of the electric field. During magnetic storms DLL increases, and the expressions for DLL obtained here can change completely.
Mirror mode waves in Venus's magnetosheath: solar minimum vs. solar maximum
Authors: Volwerk Martin , Schmid Daniel , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Delva Magda , Plaschke Ferdinand , Narita Yasuhito , Zhang Tielong , Glassmeier Karl-Heinz
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The observational rate of mirror mode waves in Venus's magnetosheath for solar maximum conditions is studied and compared with previous results for solar minimum conditions. It is found that the number of mirror mode events is approximately 14 % higher for solar maximum than for solar minimum. A possible cause is the increase in solar UV radiation, ionizing more neutrals from Venus's exosphere and the outward displacement of the bow shock during solar maximum. Also, the solar wind properties (speed, density) differ for solar minimum and maximum. The maximum observational rate, however, over Venus's magnetosheath remains almost the same, with only differences in the distribution along the flow line. This may be caused by the interplay of a decreasing solar wind density and a slightly higher solar wind velocity for this solar maximum. The distribution of strengths of the mirror mode waves is shown to be exponentially falling off, with (almost) the same coefficient for solar maximum and minimum. The plasma conditions in Venus's magnetosheath are different for solar minimum as compared to solar maximum. For solar minimum, mirror mode waves are created directly behind where the bow shock will decay, whereas for solar maximum all created mirror modes can grow.
Exploring precipitation pattern scaling methodologies and robustness among CMIP5 models
Authors: Kravitz Ben , Lynch Cary , Hartin Corinne , Bond-Lamberty Ben
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Pattern scaling is a well established method for approximating modeled spatial distributions of changes in temperature by assuming a time-invariant pattern that scales with changes in global mean temperature. We compare three methods of pattern scaling for precipitation (regression, epoch difference, and a physically-based method) and evaluate which methods are “better” in particular circumstances by quantifying their robustness to interpolation/extrapolation, inter-model variations, and inter-scenario variations. Although the regression and epoch difference methods (the two most commonly used methods of pattern scaling) have better absolute performance in reconstructing the climate model output by two orders of magnitude (measured as an area-weighted root mean square error), the physically-based method shows a greater degree of robustness (less relative root-mean-square variation than the other two methods) and could be a particularly advantageous method if outstanding biases could be reduced. We decompose the precipitation response in the RCP8.5 scenario into a CO2 portion and a non-CO2 portion; these two patterns oppose each other in sign. Due to low signal-to-noise ratios, extrapolating RCP8.5 patterns to re- construct precipitation change in the RCP2.6 scenario results in double the error of reconstructing the RCP8.5 scenario for the regression and epoch difference methods. The methodologies discussed in this paper can help provide precipitation fields for other models (including integrated assessment models or impacts assessment models) for a wide variety of scenarios of future climate change.
The FuGas 2.1 framework for atmosphere-ocean coupling in
geoscientific models: improving estimates of the solubilities and
fluxes of greenhouse gases and aerosols
Authors: Vieira Vasco M. N. C. S. , Jurus Pavel , Clementi Emanuela , Pettersson Heidi , Mateus Marcos
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Accurate estimates of the atmosphere-ocean balances and fluxes of greenhouse gases and aerosols are fundamental for geoscientific models dealing with climate change. A significant part of these fluxes occur at the coastal ocean which, although much smaller than the open ocean, is also much more heterogenic. The scientific community is becoming increasingly aware of the necessity to model the Earth at finer spatial and temporal resolutions, which also requires better descriptions of the chemical, physical and biological processes involved. The standard formulations for the gas transfer velocities and solubilities are 24 and 36 years old, respectively, and recently, new alternatives have emerged. We developed a framework congregating the geophysical processes involved which are customizable with alternative formulations with different degrees of complexity and/or different theoretical backgrounds. We propose this framework as basis for novel couplers of atmospheric and oceanographic model components. We tested it with fine resolution data from the European coastal ocean. Although the benchmark and alternative solubility formulations agreed well, their minor divergences yielded differences of many tons of greenhouse gases dissolved at the ocean surface. The transfer velocities largely mismatched their estimates, a consequence of the benchmark formulation not considering factors that were proved determinant at the coastal ocean. Climate Change research requires more comprehensive simulations of atmosphere-ocean interactions but the formulations able to do it require further calibration and validation.