bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Material Flows and Resource Productivity: Forty Years of Evidence
Authors: Schandl Heinz , Fischer‐Kowalski Marina , West James , Giljum Stefan , Dittrich Monika , Eisenmenger Nina , Geschke Arne , Lieber Mirko , Wieland Hanspeter , Schaffartzik Anke , Krausmann Fridolin , Gierlinger Sylvia , Hosking Karin , Lenzen Manfred , Tanikawa Hiroki , Miatto Alessio , Fishman Tomer
Published: June 2017

The international industrial ecology (IE) research community and United Nations (UN) Environment have, for the first time, agreed on an authoritative and comprehensive data set for global material extraction and trade covering 40 years of global economic activity and natural resource use. This new data set is becoming the standard information source for decision making at the UN in the context of the post‐2015 development agenda, which acknowledges the strong links between sustainable natural resource management, economic prosperity, and human well‐being. Only if economic growth and human development can become substantially decoupled from accelerating material use, waste, and emissions can the tensions inherent in the Sustainable Development Goals be resolved and inclusive human development be achieved. In this paper, we summarize the key findings of the assessment study to make the IE research community aware of this new global research resource. The global results show a massive increase in materials extraction from 22 billion tonnes (Bt) in 1970 to 70 Bt in 2010, and an acceleration in material extraction since 2000. This acceleration has occurred at a time when global population growth has slowed and global economic growth has stalled. The global surge in material extraction has been driven by growing wealth and consumption and accelerating trade. A material footprint perspective shows that demand for materials has grown even in the wealthiest parts of the world. Low‐income countries have benefited least from growing global resource availability and have continued to deliver primary materials to high‐income countries while experiencing few improvements in their domestic material living standards. Material efficiency, the amount of primary materials required per unit of economic activity, has declined since around 2000 because of a shift of global production from very material‐efficient economies to less‐efficient ones. This global trend of recoupling economic activity with material use, driven by industrialization and urbanization in the global South, most notably Asia, has negative impacts on a suite of environmental and social issues, including natural resource depletion, climate change, loss of biodiversity, and uneven economic development. This research is a good example of the IE research community providing information for evidence‐based policy making on the global stage and testament to the growing importance of IE research in achieving global sustainable development.
Utilization of integrated correlative light and electron microscopy (iCLEM) for imaging sedimentary organic matter
Authors: HACKLEY PAUL C. , VALENTINE BRETT J. , VOORTMAN LENARD M. , VAN OOSTEN SLINGELAND DAAN S.B. , HATCHERIAN JAVIN
Published: June 2017

We report here a new microscopic technique for imaging and identifying sedimentary organic matter in geologic materials that combines inverted fluorescence microscopy with scanning electron microscopy and allows for sequential imaging of the same region of interest without transferring the sample between instruments. This integrated correlative light and electron microscopy technique is demonstrated with observations from an immature lacustrine oil shale from the Eocene Green River Mahogany Zone and mid‐oil window paralic shale from the Upper Cretaceous Tuscaloosa Group. This technique has the potential to allow for identification and characterization of organic matter in shale hydrocarbon reservoirs that is not possible using either light or electron microscopy alone, and may be applied to understanding the organic matter type and thermal regime in which organic nanoporosity forms, thereby reducing uncertainty in the estimation of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources.
Medication prescribed by Australian paediatricians: Psychotropics predominate
Authors: Efron Daryl , Danchin Margie H , Cranswick Noel E , Gulenc Alisha , Hearps Stephen , Hiscock Harriet
Published: June 2017

Aim

The aims of this study were to examine: (i) medications prescribed by Australian general and community paediatricians, (ii) predictors of prescribing (child age, gender) and (iii) changes in medication prescription between 2008 and 2013.

Methods

Two patient‐level practice national audits were conducted by the Australian Paediatric Research Network in 2008 and 2013. General and community paediatricians in outpatient clinics and private practices recorded demographic data, diagnoses and medications prescribed for all patients seen over a 2‐week period.

Results

In 2008, 199 paediatricians submitted data on 8345 consultations, and in 2013, 180 paediatricians submitted data on 7102 consultations. The most frequently prescribed drug class was psychotropics, prescribed for 46.8% of patients with developmental–behavioural/mental health (DB/MH) diagnoses in 2008 and 49.8% in 2013 (P = 0.015). Within this class, in 2013, the stimulants were prescribed in 35.3% of DB/MH consultations, antidepressants in 7.8% and antipsychotics in 5.6%. The next most frequently prescribed drug classes were laxatives (4.6% of all consultations in 2013), asthma preventers (4.1%), melatonin (3.7%), asthma relievers (2.6%) and proton‐pump inhibitors (2.2%), topical corticosteroids (1.8%) and antihistamines (1.4%). Medication prescription was predicted by patient age (P < 0.001, both audits) and male gender (P < 0.01, both audits) but not by measured prescriber variables. The rates of prescribing of psychotropics, melatonin, laxatives and enuresis medications increased between 2008 and 2013.

Conclusions

Australian paediatricians prescribe mostly psychotropic medications, and the amount prescribed appears to be increasing. Paediatricians need good training and professional development in mental health diagnosis and management and the rational prescribing of psychotropic medications.
Biogeography and ecological diversity patterns of rare and abundant bacteria in oil‐contaminated soils
Authors: Jiao Shuo , Chen Weimin , Wei Gehong
Published: June 2017

Revealing the biogeographies and ecologies of rare and abundant microorganisms is crucial to understand ecosystem diversity and function. In this study, we investigated the biogeographic assemblies and ecological diversity patterns of rare and abundant bacteria in long‐term oil‐contaminated soils at intervals of 46–360 km by performing high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The results clearly revealed distinct distribution patterns for rare and abundant bacteria in soil samples. Rare taxa were unevenly distributed; however, abundant taxa were ubiquitous across all samples. Both rare and abundant subcommunities showed significant distance–decay relationships, and their assemblies were driven by different factors. The rare subcommunity primarily exhibited a spatially structured distribution (i.e., stochastic processes), while edaphic factors (i.e., deterministic processes) largely contributed to the structure of the abundant subcommunity. A network analysis revealed closer relationships between abundant bacteria and their heightened influence on other co‐occurrences in the community compared with rare species. In conclusion, rare microbial taxa may play potential roles in maintaining ecosystem diversity, although they do not appear to be central to microbial networks. Abundant microbes are vital for microbial co‐occurrences in oil‐contaminated soils, and high relative abundance and ubiquitous distribution suggest potential roles in the degradation of organic pollutants.
Evolving concepts of chronic traumatic encephalopathy as a neuropathological entity
Authors: Ling H. , Neal J. W. , Revesz T.
Published: June 2017

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a long‐term neurodegenerative consequence of repetitive head impacts which can only be definitively diagnosed in post‐mortem. Recently, the consensus neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of CTE was published requiring the presence of the accumulation of abnormal tau in neurons and astroglia distributed around small blood vessels at the depths of cortical sulci in an irregular pattern as the mandatory features. The clinical diagnosis and antemortem prediction of CTE pathology remain challenging if not impossible due to the common co‐existing underlying neurodegenerative pathologies and the lack of specific clinical pointers and reliable biomarkers. This review summarizes the historical evolution of CTE as a neuropathological entity and highlights the latest advances and future directions of research studies on the topic of CTE.
Effectiveness of self‐management support in maintenance haemodialysis patients with hypertension: A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang Baoyan , Li Zheng , Wang Ying , Xia Jinghua , Shi Tao , Jiang Jingmei , Nolan Marie T. , Li Xuemei , Nigwekar Sagar U. , Chen Limeng
Published: June 2017

Aim

Uncontrolled hypertension is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is the leading cause of mortality in haemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of self‐management support (SMS) for blood pressure (BP) control and health behaviours.

Methods

We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which 90 adult haemodialysis patients were assigned to either an SMS or common intervention (CI) group. The SMS group received an intervention consisting of self‐management education and motivational interviewing. The CI group received standard care and routine health education. The primary outcome was the BP monitored before each haemodialysis. Secondary outcomes included salt intake (measured using a balance formula), home BP monitoring (HBPM) (assessed using two self‐administered questions), and medication adherence (measured using the Medication‐taking Behavior Scale). Data were collected at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months post‐intervention.

Results

The SMS group showed continuous reductions in systolic BP from baseline: –9.2, −8.7, and −8.4 mmHg at 1, 3 and 6 months after the intervention, respectively (P < 0.01). Compared with the CI group, the SMS group had a greater decrease in systolic BP at 1 month: –5.9 mmHg (P = 0.0388), but no significant difference was found at 3 or 6 months (P > 0.05). SMS patients showed an improvement in health behaviours relative to baseline (less salt intake, more consistent HBPM, and greater medication adherence) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Self‐management support obtained short‐term success in improving salt restriction, regular performance of HBPM and medication adherence, which led to better BP control.
Connecting active to passive fluorescence with photosynthesis: a method for evaluating remote sensing measurements of Chl fluorescence
Authors: Magney Troy S. , Frankenberg Christian , Fisher Joshua B. , Sun Ying , North Gretchen B. , Davis Thomas S. , Kornfeld Ari , Siebke Katharina
Published: June 2017

Recent advances in the retrieval of Chl fluorescence from space using passive methods (solar‐induced Chl fluorescence, SIF) promise improved mapping of plant photosynthesis globally. However, unresolved issues related to the spatial, spectral, and temporal dynamics of vegetation fluorescence complicate our ability to interpret SIF measurements.

We developed an instrument to measure leaf‐level gas exchange simultaneously with pulse‐amplitude modulation (PAM) and spectrally resolved fluorescence over the same field of view – allowing us to investigate the relationships between active and passive fluorescence with photosynthesis.

Strongly correlated, slope‐dependent relationships were observed between measured spectra across all wavelengths (Fλ, 670–850 nm) and PAM fluorescence parameters under a range of actinic light intensities (steady‐state fluorescence yields, Ft) and saturation pulses (maximal fluorescence yields, Fm). Our results suggest that this method can accurately reproduce the full Chl emission spectra – capturing the spectral dynamics associated with changes in the yields of fluorescence, photochemical (ΦPSII), and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ).

We discuss how this method may establish a link between photosynthetic capacity and the mechanistic drivers of wavelength‐specific fluorescence emission during changes in environmental conditions (light, temperature, humidity). Our emphasis is on future research directions linking spectral fluorescence to photosynthesis, ΦPSII, and NPQ.
Formal caregivers’ experiences of aggressive behaviour in older people living with dementia in nursing homes: A systematic review
Authors: Holst Adelheid , Skär Lisa
Published: June 2017

Aim

The purpose of this study was to investigate formal caregivers’ experiences of aggressive behaviour in older people living with dementia in nursing homes.

Background

Aggressive behaviour symptoms among older people living with dementia are reported to be prevalent. As aggressive behaviour includes both verbal and physical behaviours, such as kicking, hitting and screaming, it causes an increased burden on formal caregivers. Professionals experiencing this aggression perceived it as challenging, causing physical and psychological damage, leading to anger, stress and depression.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted. A search of published research studies between 2000 and 2015 was conducted using appropriate search terms. Eleven studies were identified and included in this review.

Results

The analysis resulted in four categories: formal caregivers’ views on triggers of aggression, expressions of aggression, the effect of aggressive behaviours on formal caregivers and formal caregivers’ strategies to address aggression. The results show that aggressive behaviour may lead to negative feelings in formal caregivers and nursing home residents.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that having the ability to identify triggers possibly assists caregivers with addressing aggressive behaviour. Aggressive behaviour might also affect quality of care.

Implications for practice

Results from this systematic review indicate that caregivers prefer person‐centred strategies to handle aggressive behaviour among older people, while the use of pharmaceuticals and coercion strategies is a last resort.
Staying friends with ex‐romantic partners: Predictors, reasons, and outcomes
Authors: GRIFFITH REBECCA L. , GILLATH OMRI , ZHAO XIAN , MARTINEZ RICHARD
Published: June 2017

In two studies, we identified predictors of staying friends with an ex‐partner, developed and validated a measure for reasons to stay friends with exes, and examined the outcomes of staying friends. We identified four reasons to stay friends with exes: Security, Practical, Civility, and Unresolved Romantic Desires. Sex, sexual orientation, attachment styles, personality traits, time since breakup, and reasons for breakup all predicted staying friends. Staying friends due to Unresolved Romantic Desires resulted in negative outcomes, whereas staying friends due to Security and Practical reasons resulted in more positive outcomes. Staying friends due to Practical or Civility reasons resulted in the friendship being less likely to last in the long term. Implications for future research and clinical work are discussed.
Neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis) in a pediatric renal transplant patient. A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Pelletier Jonathan H. , Nagaraj Shashi , Gbadegesin Rasheed , Wigfall Delbert , McGann Kathleen A. , Foreman John
Published: June 2017

NE (typhlitis) is a potentially life‐threatening disease process characterized by bowel wall edema, ulceration, and hemorrhage in an immunosuppressed patient. We report a 15‐year‐old boy status post deceased donor renal transplantation who presented with fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Laboratory studies revealed neutropenia 5 days prior to admission, and abdominal computed tomography revealed bowel wall thickening in the cecum consistent with NE. He was treated with piperacillin‐tazobactam and gentamicin and recovered. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of NE in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient.
Care professional's experiences about using Liverpool Care Pathway in end‐of‐life care in residential care homes
Authors: Andersson Sofia , Lindqvist Olav , Fürst Carl‐Johan , Brännström Margareta
Published: June 2017

Background

Residential care homes (RCHs) play an important role in end‐of‐life care, being the most common place of death for elderly people in several European countries. Care pathways such as the Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient (LCP) are used to improve and ensure quality care at the end of life. There is a lack of scientific evidence supporting the use of care pathways.

Design

A descriptive qualitative study.

Objective

The aim was to describe care professionals’ experiences of using the Liverpool Care Pathway for the Dying Patient in the care of dying residents in residential care homes.

Methods

Five focus group interviews and two individual interviews with enrolled nurses (n = 10), Registered Nurses (n = 9) and general practitioners (n = 5) were carried out and analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Care professionals expressed that they became confident through a shared approach to care, were supported to tailor the care according to the residents’ individual needs, were supported to involve family members in decision‐making and care and became more aware of the care environment.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that the LCP might be a useful tool for care professionals in improving end‐of‐life care in RCHs through increased attention to the goals of care, the individual needs of residents and family involvement.
Nighttime temperature and human sleep loss in a changing climate
Authors: Obradovich Nick , Migliorini Robyn , Mednick Sara C. , Fowler James H.
Published: June 2017

Analysis of reported sleep difficulties indicates that increases in nighttime temperatures reduce human sleep quality.
Sub–100-nm metafluorophores with digitally tunable optical properties self-assembled from DNA
Authors: Woehrstein Johannes B. , Strauss Maximilian T. , Ong Luvena L. , Wei Bryan , Zhang David Y. , Jungmann Ralf , Yin Peng
Published: June 2017

Programmable DNA-based metafluorophores allow simultaneous tagging and imaging with more than 100 virtual colors.
Comment (1) on “Formation of the Isthmus of Panama” by O’Dea
et al
.
Authors: Jaramillo Carlos , Montes Camilo , Cardona Agustín , Silvestro Daniele , Antonelli Alexandre , Bacon Christine D.
Published: June 2017

The conclusions of O’Dea
et al
. on the formation of the Isthmus of Panama are not supported by analysis of the data.
Wind-invariant saltation heights imply linear scaling of aeolian saltation flux with shear stress
Authors: Martin Raleigh L. , Kok Jasper F.
Published: June 2017

Field data show insensitivity of particle trajectories to wind speed and support linear scaling of sand flux with wind stress.
Robust nanogenerators based on graft copolymers via control of dielectrics for remarkable output power enhancement
Authors: Lee Jae Won , Cho Hye Jin , Chun Jinsung , Kim Kyeong Nam , Kim Seongsu , Ahn Chang Won , Kim Ill Won , Kim Ju-Young , Kim Sang-Woo , Yang Changduk , Baik Jeong Min
Published: June 2017

Robust nanogenerator based on poly(
tert
-butyl acrylate)–grafted PVDF copolymers via dielectric constant control is demonstrated.
The genomic mosaicism of hybrid speciation
Authors: Elgvin Tore O. , Trier Cassandra N. , Tørresen Ole K. , Hagen Ingerid J. , Lien Sigbjørn , Nederbragt Alexander J. , Ravinet Mark , Jensen Henrik , Sætre Glenn-Peter
Published: June 2017

Genomic mosaicism and novel divergence have facilitated the creation and maintenance of a hybrid species, the Italian sparrow.
The effects of external cues on individual and collective behavior of shoaling fish
Authors: Schaerf Timothy M. , Dillingham Peter W. , Ward Ashley J. W.
Published: June 2017

We examine changes in interaction rules, predictability, and vigilance of x-ray tetras due to external food and alarm cues.
Discovery of Lorentz-violating type II Weyl fermions in LaAlGe
Authors: Xu Su-Yang , Alidoust Nasser , Chang Guoqing , Lu Hong , Singh Bahadur , Belopolski Ilya , Sanchez Daniel S. , Zhang Xiao , Bian Guang , Zheng Hao , Husanu Marious-Adrian , Bian Yi , Huang Shin-Ming , Hsu Chuang-Han , Chang Tay-Rong , Jeng Horng-Tay , Bansil Arun , Neupert Titus , Strocov Vladimir N. , Lin Hsin , Jia Shuang , Hasan M. Zahid
Published: June 2017

Photoemission revealed the type II Weyl fermionic quasiparticles in LaAlGe crystals.
Relative seismic velocity variations correlate with deformation at Kīlauea volcano
Authors: Donaldson Clare , Caudron Corentin , Green Robert G. , Thelen Weston A. , White Robert S.
Published: June 2017

Seismic velocity changes correlate with deformation at Kīlauea volcano, advancing noise interferometry as a monitoring tool.
Nanoscale simultaneous chemical and mechanical imaging via peak force infrared microscopy
Authors: Wang Le , Wang Haomin , Wagner Martin , Yan Yong , Jakob Devon S. , Xu Xiaoji G.
Published: June 2017

A new scanning probe microscopy images the nanoscale world with synergistic force and infrared light at 10-nm spatial resolution.
Modified human crania from Göbekli Tepe provide evidence for a new form of Neolithic skull cult
Authors: Gresky Julia , Haelm Juliane , Clare Lee
Published: June 2017

Carved and drilled skull fragments from a circa 11,000-year-old ritual site point to an undocumented variation of skull cult.
Nanotwinned metal MEMS films with unprecedented strength and stability
Authors: Sim Gi-Dong , Krogstad Jessica A. , Reddy K. Madhav , Xie Kelvin Y. , Valentino Gianna M. , Weihs Timothy P. , Hemker Kevin J.
Published: June 2017

Sputter deposited nanotwinned metal alloy films that possess exceptional properties attractive for next generation MEMS devices.
Statistical thinking for 21st century scientists
Authors: Cox D. R. , Efron Bradley
Published: June 2017

We offer a brief review of important questions concerning modern inference and how these questions relate to classical statistics.
Draft Genome Sequence of Phaeobacter leonis Type Strain 306, an Alphaproteobacterium Isolated from Mediterranean Sea Sediments
Authors: Gaboyer Frédéric , Maignien Loïs , Jebbar Mohamed , Alain Karine
Published: June 2017

Phaeobacter leonis
strain 306
T
is an alphaproteobacterium isolated from Mediterranean Sea sediments. It belongs to the genus
Phaeobacter
, which was recently proposed and is still poorly characterized. In an effort to better understand the fundamental aspects of the microbiology of this genus, we present here the 4.82-Mb draft genome sequence of
Phaeobacter leonis
strain 306
T
.
Identification of a Second Raccoon-Associated Polyomavirus
Authors: Geoghegan Eileen M. , Welch Nicole L. , Yabsley Michael J. , Church Molly E. , Pesavento Patricia A. , Buck Christopher B.
Published: June 2017

Raccoon polyomavirus 1 (RacPyV1) is the suspected cause of an outbreak of fatal brain tumors among raccoons (
Procyon lotor
) in the western United States. Spleen samples from Georgia raccoons were screened for polyomaviruses. Although RacPyV1 was not detected, a previously unknown polyomavirus, which we designate RacPyV2, was identified and sequenced.
Multiple Genome Sequences of Exopolysaccharide-Producing, Brewery-Associated Lactobacillus brevis Strains
Authors: Fraunhofer Marion E. , Geissler Andreas J. , Jakob Frank , Vogel Rudi F.
Published: June 2017

Lactobacillus brevis
represents one of the most relevant beer-spoiling bacteria. Besides strains causing turbidity and off flavors upon growth and metabolite formation, this species also comprises strains that produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs), which increase the viscosity of beer. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of three EPS-producing, brewery-associated
L. brevis
strains.
Endogenous endophthalmitis and osteomyelitis associated with interleukin 17 inhibitor treatment for psoriasis in a patient with diabetes
Authors: Martinez Christine E , Allen John B , Davidorf Frederick H , Cebulla Colleen M
Published: June 2017

A 64-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus and plaque psoriasis presented to the emergency room with 3 days of progressive right eye pain and decreased vision. After extensive workup and multidisciplinary team effort, the patient was diagnosed with and treated for unilateral endogenous methicillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus aureusendophthalmitis, bacteraemia and osteomyelitis of the foot. The patient had been started on the interleukin 17 (IL-17) inhibitor secukinumab for his treatment-resistant plaque psoriasis 4 weeks prior to presentation. After treatment, his final vision was light perception and the foot infection resolved without sequelae. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of both endogenous endophthalmitis and osteomyelitis associated with an IL-17 inhibitor.
Prognostic value of vitamin D receptor and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Soljic Martina , Mrklic Ivana , Tomic Snjezana , Omrcen Tomislav , Sutalo Nikica , Bevanda Milenko , Vrdoljak Eduard
Published: June 2017

Aim

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterised by shorter overall survival and an early peak of distant recurrences with still no specific targeted treatment available. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGFR) have recently been described as potential new targets for anticancer therapy, yet their roles in TNBCs are still to be explored. In this study we investigated VDR and IGFR expression in patients with TNBC and compared them with clinical and pathological parameters and survival to possibly demonstrate their prognostic and therapeutic relevance.

Methods

The study included 96 patients with TNBC. Clinical and pathological parameters were compared with the immunohistochemical expression of VDR and IGFR.

Results

Positive VDR immunostaining was present in 27% of tumours and inversely correlated with higher mitotic score, histological grade and higher proliferation index measured by Ki-67 and related to the increased overall survival (OS). Out of 96 patients with TNBC, 35.5% of tumours were IGFR positive and correlated with higher mitotic score and Ki-67, and strongly correlated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS). Patients with VDR-negative and IGF-positive tumours had significantly lower DFS and OS.

Conclusion

Approximately one third of TNBCs express VDR and/or IGFR. Their expression is linked with the recurrence of the disease and survival, which make them possible targets for treatment and a prognostic tool for dividing TNBCs into more homogeneous subgroups.
Characterization of genome in tetraploidStYspecies ofElymus(Triticeae: Poaceae) using sequential FISH and GISH
Authors: Liu Ruijuan , Wang Richard R.-C. , Yu Feng , Lu Xingwang , Dou Quanwen
Published: June 2017

Genomes of ten species of Elymus, either presumed or known as tetraploid StY, were characterized using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). These tetraploid species could be grouped into three categories. Type I included StY genome reported species—Roegneria pendulina, R. nutans, R. glaberrima, R. ciliaris, and Elymus nevskii, and StY genome presumed species—R. sinica, R. breviglumis, and R. dura, whose genome could be separated into two sets based on different GISH intensities. Type I genome constitution was deemed as putative StY. The St genome were mainly characterized with intense hybridization with pAs1, fewer AAG sites, and linked distribution of 5S rDNA and 18S-26S rDNA, while the Y genome with less intense hybridization with pAs1, more varied AAG sites, and isolated distribution of 5S rDNA and 18S-26S rDNA. Nevertheless, further genomic variations were detected among the different StY species. Type II included E. alashanicus, whose genome could be easily separated based on GISH pattern. FISH and GISH patterns suggested that E. alashanicus comprised a modified St genome and an unknown genome. Type III included E. longearistatus, whose genome could not be separated by GISH and was designated as StlYl. Notably, a close relationship between Sland Ylgenomes was observed.
Cross-Dependency Inference in Multi-Layered Networks
Authors: Chen Chen , Tong Hanghang , Xie Lei , Ying Lei , He Qing
Published: June 2017

The increasingly connected world has catalyzed the fusion of networks from different domains, which facilitates the emergence of a new network model—multi-layered networks. Examples of such kind of network systems include critical infrastructure networks, biological systems, organization-level collaborations, cross-platform e-commerce, and so forth. One crucial structure that distances multi-layered network from other network models is its cross-layer dependency, which describes the associations between the nodes from different layers. Needless to say, the cross-layer dependency in the network plays an essential role in many data mining applications like system robustness analysis and complex network control. However, it remains a daunting task to know the exact dependency relationships due to noise, limited accessibility, and so forth. In this article, we tackle the cross-layer dependency inference problem by modeling it as a collective collaborative filtering problem. Based on this idea, we propose an effective algorithm Fascinate that can reveal unobserved dependencies with linear complexity. Moreover, we derive Fascinate-ZERO, an online variant of Fascinate that can respond to a newly added node timely by checking its neighborhood dependencies. We perform extensive evaluations on real datasets to substantiate the superiority of our proposed approaches.
Large-Scale Online Feature Selection for Ultra-High Dimensional Sparse Data
Authors: Wu Yue , Hoi Steven C. H. , Mei Tao , Yu Nenghai
Published: June 2017

Feature selection (FS) is an important technique in machine learning and data mining, especially for large-scale high-dimensional data. Most existing studies have been restricted to batch learning, which is often inefficient and poorly scalable when handling big data in real world. As real data may arrive sequentially and continuously, batch learning has to retrain the model for the new coming data, which is very computationally intensive. Online feature selection (OFS) is a promising new paradigm that is more efficient and scalable than batch learning algorithms. However, existing online algorithms usually fall short in their inferior efficacy. In this article, we present a novel second-order OFS algorithm that is simple yet effective, very fast and extremely scalable to deal with large-scale ultra-high dimensional sparse data streams. The basic idea is to exploit the second-order information to choose the subset of important features with high confidence weights. Unlike existing OFS methods that often suffer from extra high computational cost, we devise a novel algorithm with a MaxHeap-based approach, which is not only more effective than the existing first-order algorithms, but also significantly more efficient and scalable. Our extensive experiments validated that the proposed technique achieves highly competitive accuracy as compared with state-of-the-art batch FS methods, meanwhile it consumes significantly less computational cost that is orders of magnitude lower. Impressively, on a billion-scale synthetic dataset (1-billion dimensions, 1-billion non-zero features, and 1-million samples), the proposed algorithm takes less than 3 minutes to run on a single PC.
Discovering Conditional Matching Rules
Authors: Wang Yihan , Song Shaoxu , Chen Lei , Yu Jeffrey Xu , Cheng Hong
Published: June 2017

Matching dependencies
(MDs) have recently been proposed to make data dependencies tolerant to various information representations, and found useful in data quality applications such as record matching. Instead of the strict equality function used in traditional dependency syntax (e.g., functional dependencies), MDs specify constraints based on similarity and identification. However, in practice, MDs may still be too strict and applicable only in a subset of tuples in a relation. Thereby, we study the
conditional matching dependencies
(CMDs), which bind matching dependencies only in a certain part of a table, i.e., MDs conditionally applicable in a subset of tuples. Compared to MDs, CMDs have more expressive power that enables them to satisfy wider application needs. In this article, we study several important theoretical and practical issues of CMDs, including irreducible CMDs with respect to the implication, discovery of CMDs from data, reliable CMDs agreed most by a relation, approximate CMDs almost satisfied in a relation, and finally applications of CMDs in record matching and missing value repairing. Through an extensive experimental evaluation in real data sets, we demonstrate the efficiency of proposed CMDs discovery algorithms and effectiveness of CMDs in real applications.
Mining Community Structures in Multidimensional Networks
Authors: Boutemine Oualid , Bouguessa Mohamed
Published: June 2017

We investigate the problem of community detection in multidimensional networks, that is, networks where entities engage in various interaction types (dimensions) simultaneously. While some approaches have been proposed to identify community structures in multidimensional networks, there are a number of problems still to solve. In fact, the majority of the proposed approaches suffer from one or even more of the following limitations: (1) difficulty detecting communities in networks characterized by the presence of many irrelevant dimensions, (2) lack of systematic procedures to explicitly identify the relevant dimensions of each community, and (3) dependence on a set of user-supplied parameters, including the number of communities, that require a proper tuning. Most of the existing approaches are inadequate for dealing with these three issues in a unified framework. In this paper, we develop a novel approach that is capable of addressing the aforementioned limitations in a single framework. The proposed approach allows automated identification of communities and their sub-dimensional spaces using a novel objective function and a constrained label propagation-based optimization strategy. By leveraging the relevance of dimensions at the node level, the strategy aims to maximize the number of relevant within-community links while keeping track of the most relevant dimensions. A notable feature of the proposed approach is that it is able to automatically identify low dimensional community structures embedded in a high dimensional space. Experiments on synthetic and real multidimensional networks illustrate the suitability of the new method.
Enhancing Person Re-identification in a Self-Trained Subspace
Authors: Yang Xun , Wang Meng , Hong Richang , Tian Qi , Rui Yong
Published: June 2017

Despite the promising progress made in recent years, person re-identification (re-ID) remains a challenging task due to the complex variations in human appearances from different camera views. For this challenging problem, a large variety of algorithms have been developed in the fully supervised setting, requiring access to a large amount of labeled training data. However, the main bottleneck for fully supervised re-ID is the limited availability of labeled training samples. To address this problem, we propose a self-trained subspace learning paradigm for person re-ID that effectively utilizes both labeled and unlabeled data to learn a discriminative subspace where person images across disjoint camera views can be easily matched. The proposed approach first constructs pseudo-pairwise relationships among unlabeled persons using the k-nearest neighbors algorithm. Then, with the pseudo-pairwise relationships, the unlabeled samples can be easily combined with the labeled samples to learn a discriminative projection by solving an eigenvalue problem. In addition, we refine the pseudo-pairwise relationships iteratively, which further improves learning performance. A multi-kernel embedding strategy is also incorporated into the proposed approach to cope with the non-linearity in a person’s appearance and explore the complementation of multiple kernels. In this way, the performance of person re-ID can be greatly enhanced when training data are insufficient. Experimental results on six widely used datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, and its performance can be comparable to the reported results of most state-of-the-art fully supervised methods while using much fewer labeled data.
Augmenting Audits
Authors: Finnigan S. Mitchell , Clear A. K. , Farr-Wharton G. , Ladha K. , Comber R.
Published: June 2017

Audits are commonly carried out by facilities managers (FMs) to quantify the sustainability and performance of the buildings they manage, informing improvements to infrastructure for resource and cost savings, and assessing compliance with standards and legislation. The scope for what can be audited is limited by available infrastructure. In this article, we investigate the utility of a flexible sensor toolkit to enhance existing energy auditing practices. We present findings from a qualitative study with FM and student auditor participants from 3 organisations. Our study covers how these toolkits were used and integrated into auditing practices within these organisations, and the opportunities and issues for resource management that arose as a result. We conclude with design implications for toolkits to support sensor-augmented audits, make recommendations towards a deployment protocol for sensor toolkits used in this context, and develop broader considerations for how future standards and policies might be adapted to leverage this potential.
iLid
Authors: Rostaminia Soha , Mayberry Addison , Ganesan Deepak , Marlin Benjamin , Gummeson Jeremy
Published: June 2017

The ability to monitor eye closures and blink patterns has long been known to enable accurate assessment of fatigue and drowsiness in individuals. Many measures of the eye are known to be correlated with fatigue including coarse-grained measures like the rate of blinks as well as fine-grained measures like the duration of blinks and the extent of eye closures. Despite a plethora of research validating these measures, we lack wearable devices that can continually and reliably monitor them in the natural environment. In this work, we present a low-power system, iLid, that can continually sense fine-grained measures such as blink duration and Percentage of Eye Closures (PERCLOS) at high frame rates of 100fps. We present a complete solution including design of the sensing, signal processing, and machine learning pipeline; implementation on a prototype computational eyeglass platform; and extensive evaluation under many conditions including illumination changes, eyeglass shifts, and mobility. Our results are very encouraging, showing that we can detect blinks, blink duration, eyelid location, and fatigue-related metrics such as PERCLOS with less than a few percent error.
Battery-Free Cellphone
Authors: Talla Vamsi , Kellogg Bryce , Gollakota Shyamnath , Smith Joshua R.
Published: June 2017

We present the first battery-free cellphone design that consumes only a few micro-watts of power. Our design can sense speech, actuate the earphones, and switch between uplink and downlink communications, all in real time. Our system optimizes transmission and reception of speech while simultaneously harvesting power which enables the battery-free cellphone to operate continuously. The battery-free device prototype is built using commercial-off-the-shelf components on a printed circuit board. It can operate on power that is harvested from RF signals transmitted by a basestation 31 feet (9.4 m) away. Further, using power harvested from ambient light with tiny photodiodes, we show that our device can communicate with a basestation that is 50 feet (15.2 m) away. Finally, we perform the first Skype call using a battery-free phone over a cellular network, via our custom bridged basestation. This we believe is a major leap in the capability of battery-free devices and a step towards a fully functional battery-free cellphone.
Band-Pass Prefetching
Authors: Sridharan Aswinkumar , Panda Biswabandan , Seznec Andre
Published: June 2017

In multi-core systems, an application’s prefetcher can interfere with the memory requests of other applications using the shared resources, such as last level cache and memory bandwidth. In order to minimize prefetcher-caused interference, prior mechanisms have been proposed to dynamically control prefetcher aggressiveness at runtime. These mechanisms use several parameters to capture prefetch usefulness as well as prefetcher-caused interference, performing aggressive control decisions. However, these mechanisms do not capture the actual interference at the shared resources and most often lead to incorrect aggressiveness control decisions. Therefore, prior works leave scope for performance improvement.

Toward this end, we propose a solution to manage prefetching in multicore systems. In particular, we make two fundamental observations: First, a positive correlation exists between the accuracy of a prefetcher and the amount of prefetch requests it generates relative to an application’s total (demand and prefetch) requests. Second, a strong positive correlation exists between the ratio of total prefetch to demand requests and the ratio of average last level cache miss service times of demand to prefetch requests. In this article, we propose Band-pass prefetching that builds on those two observations, a simple and low-overhead mechanism to effectively manage prefetchers in multicore systems. Our solution consists of local and global prefetcher aggressiveness control components, which altogether, control the flow of prefetch requests between a range of prefetch to demand requests ratios. From our experiments on 16-core multi-programmed workloads, on systems using stream prefetching, we observe that Band-pass prefetching achieves 12.4% (geometric-mean) improvement on harmonic speedup over the baseline that implements no prefetching, while aggressive prefetching without prefetcher aggressiveness control and state-of-the-art HPAC, P-FST, and CAFFEINE achieve 8.2%, 8.4%, 1.4%, and 9.7%, respectively. Further evaluation of the proposed Band-pass prefetching mechanism on systems using AMPM prefetcher shows similar performance trends. For a 16-core system, Band-pass prefetching requires only a modest hardware cost of 239 bytes.
Intensifying Emotional Reactions via Tactile Gestures in Immersive Films
Authors: Karafotias Georgios , Teranishi Akiko , Korres Georgios , Eyssel Friederike , Copti Scandar , Eid Mohamad
Published: June 2017

The film industry continuously strives to make visitors’ movie experience more immersive and thus, more captivating. This is realized through larger screens, sophisticated speaker systems, and high quality 2D and 3D content. Moreover, a recent trend in the film industry is to incorporate multiple interaction modalities, such as 4D film, to simulate rain, wind, vibration, and heat, in order to intensify viewers’ emotional reactions. In this context, humans’ sense of touch possesses significant potential for intensifying emotional reactions for the film experience beyond audio-visual sensory modalities. This article presents a framework for authoring tactile cues (tactile gestures as used in this article) and enabling automatic rendering of said gestures to intensify emotional reactions in an immersive film experience. To validate the proposed framework, we conducted an experimental study where tactile gestures are designed and evaluated for the ability to intensify four emotional reactions: high valence-high arousal, high valence-low arousal, low valence-high arousal, and low valence-low arousal. Using a haptic jacket, participants felt tactile gestures that are synchronized with the audio-visual contents of a film. Results demonstrated that (1) any tactile feedback generated a positive user experience; (2) the tactile feedback intensifies emotional reactions when the audio-visual stimuli elicit clear emotional responses, except for low arousal emotional response since tactile gestures seem to always generate excitement; (3) purposed tactile gestures do not seem to significantly outperform randomized tactile gesture for intensifying specific emotional reactions; and (4) using a haptic jacket is not distracting for the users.
TUIOFX
Authors: Fetter Mirko , Bimamisa David , Gross Tom
Published: June 2017

Building multi-touch multi-user applications for Shared Interactive Surfaces is a complex endeavour that requires fundamental knowledge in touch enabling hardware, gesture recognition, graphical representation of digital information and multi-user interaction. While several specialised toolkits help developers in this effort, we identified a variety of challenges with these toolkits, as for example the lack of cross-platform support, the limited number of touch-enabled multi-user widgets, missing documentation, and lacking community support -- all raising the barriers to entry. In this paper, we present TUIOFX, a toolkit for developing multi-touch, multi-user applications for Shared Interactive Surfaces in Java, which tackles all of the identified problems. The sophisticated implementation of TUIOFX adds support for TUIO-enabled hardware and multi-user interaction under the hood of JavaFX, and leaves the well-learned JavaFX API for the developers fully intact -- thus allowing particularly novices a very quick start. In this paper we provide the technical insights, in the concepts and their elegant implementation.
MicroRNA-124 controls human vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch via Sp1
Authors: Tang Yangfeng , Yu Shangyi , Liu Yang , Zhang Jiajun , Han Lin , Xu Zhiyun
Published: June 2017

Phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and aortic dissection. However, the mechanisms of phenotypic modulation are still unclear. MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulators of VSMC function. We recently found that microRNA-124 (miR-124) was downregulated in proliferative vascular diseases that were characterized by a VSMC phenotypic switch. Therefore, we speculated that the aberrant expression of miR-124 might play a critical role in human aortic VSMC phenotypic switch. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that miR-124 was dramatically downregulated in the aortic media of clinical specimens of the dissected aorta and correlated with molecular markers of the contractile VSMC phenotype. Overexpression of miR-124 by mimicking transfection significantly attenuated platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced human aortic VSMC proliferation and phenotypic switch. Furthermore, we identified specificity protein 1 (Sp1) as the downstream target of miR-124. A luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm direct miR-124 targeting of the 3′-untranslated region of the Sp1 gene and repression of Sp1 expression in human aortic VSMCs. Furthermore, constitutively active Sp1 in miR-124-overexpressing VSMCs reversed the antiproliferative effects of miR-124. These results demonstrated a novel mechanism of miR-124 modulation of VSMC phenotypic switch by targeting Sp1 expression.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-124 is involved in the proliferation of a variety of cell types. However, miRNAs are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. We first identified miR-124 as a critical regulator in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation, proliferation, and phenotype switch by targeting the 3′-untranslated region of specificity protein 1.