bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Retinal Vein Occlusion with Resolved Macular Edema
Authors: Zheng Zhaoxia , Yan Meng , Li Lu , Zhang Duo , Zhang Lina
Published: September 2022

Purpose. To analyze the retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) changes in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) eyes with resolved macular edema using optical coherence tomography.
Methods.We compared the average and minimum GCIPL thickness in RVO eyes with fellow eyes and healthy controls including 40 unilateral RVO patients and 48 healthy subjects. The average GCIPL thickness in BRVO eyes was segmented into the affected and opposite area according to the site of lesion, comparing them with corresponding areas in fellow eyes. Furthermore, maximum central macular thickness (CMT), visual acuity (VA), and intravitreal injection times were recorded to investigate their relationship with the GCIPL thickness.
Results.Despite no significant difference in CMT (P = 0.96), the average (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively) and minimum (both P < 0.001) GCIPL thickness were decreased in RVO eyes with resolved macular edema after treatment in comparison to fellow eyes and healthy eyes. Maximum CMT thickness was negatively correlated with the minimum GCIPL thickness (r = -0.47, P = 0.003). VA and average GCIPL thickness were associated (rs = -0.49, P = 0.002). In a subgroup analysis only included BRVO patients, the opposite area revealed no significant difference between two eyes (P = 0.91) although the affected area in BRVO eyes was decreased (P < 0.001).
Conclusions. A decrease of GCIPL thickness in RVO was observed even after anatomic restoration and associated with VA prognosis. These GCIPL defects could be attributable to systemic risks and RVO itself, not anti-VEGF effects.
Robust superhydrophobic/superoleophilic filter paper for effective separation of oil/water mixtures and surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsion
Authors: Li Yulei , Shi Baoying , Luan Xiayu , Hao Zhanhua , Wang Yufeng
Published: September 2022

Recently, the super-wetting materials for oil/water separation have attracted great attention. Developing a low-cost and high-efficient filter material that is challenging to separate oil/water mixtures and stable water/oil emulsions efficiently. In this paper, Nano titanium dioxide is hydrophobically modified with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), and then added with polydimethylsiloxane to make stable superhydrophobic coating. A coated filter paper is obtained by roll coating. The water contact angle of the coated filter paper reaches more than 152°, and the oil droplets are quickly absorbed. The superhydrophobic/superoleophilic filter paper has the advantages of environmental protection, simple operation, low-cost, and can be used in continuous industrial production. The superhydrophobic filter paper is used for the separation of various immiscible oil-water mixtures, the separation efficiencies are more than 99.5%. In addition, the superhydrophobic filter paper can effectively separate various surfactant-stabilized water/oil emulsions. After 10 cycles, the separation effect is still satisfactory. Especially when the proportion of water in water/oil emulsion is as high as 20%, the separation efficiency can still be higher than 97.5%. The results show that the superhydrophobic filter paper has good oil-water separation ability, and has broad prospects in industrial applications.
Design a decentralized secure access control network using blockchain on a cloud platform
Authors: CH RAVIKUMAR
Published: September 2022

The cloud storage framework offers a pay-on-demand capacity model with low registration costs. Peer-to-peer distributed storage is an interesting application of blockchain as it provides a decentralized information storage space without the involvement of a Trusted Third Party or client-server engineering. Therefore, we propose blockchain-based decentralized engineering for a distributed storage framework based on Timely Ciphertext Strategy Feature-Based Encryption (TCP-ABE) with Distributed Hash Tables (DHT). In the proposed structure, the report's metadata would be stored on the blockchain, while the actual files would be distributed via his DHT under its uncommon domain name. Distributed information storage helps eliminate the most common information disappointments and power outages by improving information security, protection, and control. Additionally, it provides two important types of support to ensure the security element of the distributed storage framework. Introduce a decentralized access control system where the blockchain hub verifies the authenticity of joint accounts of clients and CP-ABE.
Predicting Surgical Benefit for Primary Tumor Resection in Patients with Stage IV Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yang Yuesheng , Yang Zifeng , Lyu Zejian , Wang Junjiang , Wu Deqing , Li Yong
Published: September 2022

Purpose
There exists continuous controversy regarding the effect of primary tumor resection (PTR) for stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Little is known about how to predict the patients’ survival benefit from PTR. This study aimed to develop a tool for surgical benefit prediction.
Methods
Stage IV CRC patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were included. After propensity score matching, patients receiving PTR that survived longer than the median cancer-specific survival (CSS) time of those who did not undergo PTR were considered to benefit from surgery. Logistic regression analysis identified prognostic factors influencing the surgical benefit, based on which a nomogram was constructed. A user-friendly webserver was then built for convenient clinical use. The predictive model was assessed using Harrell’s concordance index, calibration plot, receiver operative curve and decision curve analysis.
Results
The median CSS of the PTR group was 23 months, which was significantly longer than the non-PTR group (12 months, P < 0.001). In the PTR group, 32.9% of patients did not benefit from surgery. Logistic regression analysis identified age, tumor location, CEA level, histological grade, number of distant metastasis, and preoperative chemotherapy independently associated with surgical benefit. The established prognostic nomogram demonstrated satisfactory performance.
Conclusion
PTR was associated with prolonged survival in stage IV CRC. The proposed nomogram could be used as a risk-to-benefit assessment evidenced-based platform for selecting appropriate patients to undergo PTR.
Selective enlargement of left lateral segment liver volume as a potential diagnostic predictor for biliary atresia
Authors: Santo Kenji , Takama Yuichi , Hirose Yuki , Matsui Jun , Takemura Ririko , Nakada Kei , Sasaki Takashi
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To determine an early diagnostic indicator of biliary atresia (BA), we focused on morphological left-right differences of BA livers.
Methods
Of 74 infants with suspected BA at our hospital in the last 12 years, 25 met the conditions for investigation: 15 infants with BA (BA group) and 10 with other pathologies (non-BA group). CT volumetry of the liver in each patient was performed using a 3D image analysis system. Patient characteristics, blood data, and proportion of the left lateral segment to the total liver volume (LLS ratio) were compared between the two groups.
Results
Among the patient characteristics and liver function tests, only γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were significantly higher in the BA group (p < 0.001). The LLS ratio was 0.321 (0.227–0.382) in the BA group and 0.243 (0.193–0.289) in the non-BA group (p = 0.01). The summary cut-off, area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.322, 0.813, 53.3, and 100% for the LLS ratio and 94.26, 0.95, 86.7, and 100% for the GGT × LLS ratio, respectively.
Conclusions
The LLS ratio is highly specific and may be an early diagnostic predictor of BA. Moreover, this segmental LLS enlargement may be associated with the etiology of BA.
Use of minimally invasive cerclage wiring for displaced major fragments of femoral shaft fractures after intramedullary nailing promotes bone union and functional outcome
Authors: tao xingguang , Yang Qing
Published: September 2022

Background Femoral shaft fractures which are caused by high energy trauma, can be very challenging due to the large variability in fracture morphology and poor functional outcome. Displaced major fragments of femoral shaft fractures are difficult to manage after closed reduction and intramedullary nailing (IMN). The minimally invasive cerclage wiring (CW) procedure has developed to be an optimal tool for major fragments resetting and stabilization after IMN. However, argues continue for CW procedure is at potential risk of arterial injury, blood supply disruption, and delayed bone union or nonunion. The surgical algorithsm for femoral shaft fractures with displaced major fragments remains controversial. Thus, emphysis is placed on whether CW procedure can offer promotion of bone union rate and improvement of functional outcome without significant complications. Methods We perfomed a retrospective study on all patients of femoral shaft fractures with displaced major fragments between June 2015 and August 2019 in our trauma centre. Eligible patients were included and stratified into the cerlage wiring (CW) group and intramedulary nailing (IMN) group. Demographics, radiological data, callus formation, union time, and fuctional outcome were critically compared between two groups. Results 37 patients were included in the present study according to our inclusion/exclusion criteria, of which 16 (43.2%) were stratified into CW group, and 21 (56.8%) into IMN group. The Modified radiographic union score for femorae (mRUSH) in CW group and IMN group were compared to be sigfificantly different (11.94 ± 1.29 vs.7.95 ± 0.74, 6 months; 15.88 ± 0.50 vs. 10.33 ± 0.91, 12 months)(P < 0.0001). The mean union time was of significance between CW and IMN group (7.9 ± 3.2 months vs. 20.1 ± 8.48 months)(p < 0.0001). Bone union achieved at 12 months differed significantly between CW and IMN group (15 vs. 5) (p < 0.05). Harris Hip Score (HHS) in CW group was higher than IMN group (88.19 ± 4.69 vs. 76.81 ± 5.26, 12 months; 93.19 ± 4.68 vs. 87.57 ± 5.38, 24 months) significantly (P < 0.01), respectively. So was the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) in CW and IMN group (78.50 ± 5.65 vs. 67.71 ± 4.65, 12 months; 89.50 ± 5.05 vs.75.81 ± 8.90, 24 months) significantly (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Minimally invasive CW is an optimal supplement for IMN in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures with displaced major fragments. As illustrated, benefits of CW might be promotion of bone union rate and improvement of functional outcome.
Effect of Loading Frequency and Temperature on the Fatigue Parameters of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Islam M. R. , Wollega E.
Published: September 2022

Investigating the behavior of asphalt concrete at low loading frequency is essential to understand the thermal fatigue damage due to cyclic day-night temperature cycles, where the loading frequency is usually very low. This study determines some properties (e.g., fatigue damage, dissipated energy, and stiffness) of asphalt concrete beam samples at a low frequency of loading using four-point bending test apparatus. Results show that fatigue damage is more significant at a lower frequency of cyclic loading and the number of cycles at failure becomes stable at a frequency equal to or lower than 0.01 Hz. The concept of initial stiffness at the 50th cycle of loading is inappropriate at a low frequency of loading as the stiffness reduction with a number of loadings is so considerable at a frequency of loading. In addition, the dissipated energy per loading cycle decreases with a decrease in loading frequency.
A new UHP unit in the Western Alps: First occurrence of coesite from the Monviso Massif (Italy)
Authors: Ghignone Stefano , Scaramuzzo Emanuele , Bruno Marco , Livio Franz A.
Published: September 2022

The Western Alps are one of the most studied exhumed subduction-accretionary complexes worldwide. Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism has been documented there since the 1980s. We now report the first discovery of coesite in the meta-ophiolitic suite of the Monviso Massif, corresponding to the fourth UHP unit defined on the Western Alps. Previous petrographic studies and results from thermodynamic modeling already suggested that these Alpine units may have experienced UHP metamorphism, but no occurrences of index minerals, such as coesite, have been reported to date. The newly discovered coesite inclusions from the Monviso Massif occur as intact single crystals (10–60 µm) hosted by garnet. The observations suggest that they have escaped re-equilibration and maintained all the original features from the trapping time. The reduced size of the crystals and the lack of re-equilibration significantly differ from the typical textural features described in past findings (i.e., radial cracks, palisade texture of quartz surrounding coesite relicts). Detailed garnet inclusions analysis and thermodynamic modeling constrained the metamorphic peak conditions at P = 2.8–2.9 GPa and T = 500–520 °C within the coesite stability field.

The Lago Superiore Unit represents the fourth UHP unit discovered on the Western Alps. The UHP metamorphism on the Western Alps was considered rare due to the escape process of unusual units from mantle depths. In our view, the implication of our discovery provides new insight into UHP processes that seem to be more common than expected. Further tectonic reconstructions should take into account the common features observed in the UHP units to better constrain the subduction- and exhumation-related mechanisms that drove the actual stacking of mountain belts.
Documenting Justice - Archivists and the Fight Against Covert Racism in the Contemporary United States
Authors: Anglim Christopher
Published: September 2022

Pursuing an archival perspective, this study emphasizes documenting the experiences of activists involved in contemporary social justice movements (such as Black Lives Matter) to develop the historical record more fully, especially the need to include the voices of those from underrepresented groups. This study analyzes how archival practices can help develop and preserve a fuller record of the social justice movements and the ideas of those who fought covert racism both within academic settings and the greater society. To answer our research issues, the study used a literature review and a survey of activists and archival institutions. Our findings establish the value of archival research in academic institutions for students and the community in developing a fuller understanding of historically underrepresented and marginalized groups. Therefore, we conclude archives can play a major contribution to the understanding of contemporary social justice movements and to the issues of concern to these movements.
Responding to Crisis “That’s What We Do”- Social Workers in Action
Authors: Sechrest-Ehrhardt Lisa
Published: September 2022

Professional social workers are regularly front-line workers in society when there is a crisis. Their daily work frequently involves community-based intervention that places them in the communities they serve. These communities, often communities of color, are the most vulnerable and marginalized communities in our nation. This research explores the innovative techniques employed by faculty and students of the Social Work Program at the University of the District of Columbia and focuses on how the author used the “crisis outside the classroom, COVID-19” to address and avoid a crisis in the classroom. When the “world shut down” the social work program and its students sprang into action to assist the communities they serve, and to provide gaps in equity often experienced by black and brown communities.
Efficiency assessment of banking systems’ performance
Authors: Korneyev Maxim , Berezhniuk Ivan , Dzhyndzhoian Volodymyr , Nebaba Natalia , Voytov Sergiy
Published: September 2022

Globalization processes define the modern trends in world economic development, including both international financial markets and the banking systems of different countries. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the banking systems of Ukraine and 17 European countries in order to choose the appropriate measures, concerning its increasing. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was chosen as a tool for evaluating the efficiency of the banking systems; the calculations were made using the Banxia Frontier Analyst software. Also, the BBC and CCR models of linear programming were used to define the existing relationship between the studied indicators. As a result of the study, the groups of efficient and inefficient banking systems were identified, which allowed determining the existing reserves, possible managerial tools and decisions for improving the inefficient banking systems’ performance. Besides, graphical interpretation of the current position (rank) of certain country bank system in relation to other countries’ banking systems was presented. The developed approach is aimed at improving bank management at the macro level and enhancing the efficiency of banking systems.
Method for automatic correction of offset drift in online sensors
Authors: Chowdhury Dhrubajit , Melin Alexander , Villez Kris
Published: September 2022

Successful operation and optimization of water treatment systems hinge on the availability of high-quality online sensor measurements. Ideally, the available measurements should be simultaneously accurate (i.e., unbiased and precise), representative, voluminous, and timely. This remains a pain-point in current water infrastructures, forming a barrier to a wider adoption of advanced and autonomous control systems. While short-lived symptoms, such as outliers and spikes, can be detected or corrected with state-of-the-art tools for fault detection and identification, it is much more difficult to detect, diagnose, and correct the symptoms of slow faults, such as changes in offset or sensitivity due to drift. The time scale of drift is often longer than the time scales of the system dynamics of interest. Moreover, sensor drift has been shown to occur at the same time and with similar rates when sensors are exposed to the same conditions. This challenges data quality management strategies based on redundancy. In this contribution, we develop a new method, including both a hands-off sensor calibration mechanism and an information-seeking control architecture that can handle the unique challenge of simultaneous and similar drift in online sensors.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions in schools in Antalya in Turkey: a descriptive survey
Authors: Meydanlioglu Ayse , Akcan Arzu , Yalçın Evrim
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions of schools in Antalya. This descriptive study was conducted with the administrators of 480 schools in 19 districts of Antalya. The data were collected with a questionnaire created by the researchers. In the study, number, percentage, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the data. In 59% of the schools, a fountain in the garden or building was used as a source of drinking water, only 37.1% of the schools had a programmed pest control program, 32.1% of them had permanent cleaning personnel, and the cleaning materials were mostly (51.2%) obtained from their own budgets. While the number of sinks was sufficient according to the number of students in the schools, the number of toilets was not sufficient, especially for female students. It is of great importance that budget, material, and personnel deficits of schools, where the risk of infection transmission is high, are overcome by the authorities.
Integrated approach for low impact development locating in dense residential areas based on sustainable development criteria
Authors: Movahedinia Maryam , Hashemy Shahdany Seied Mehdy , Barakhasi Fakhreddin
Published: September 2022

The study proposed a practical approach for low impact development (LID) placement in dense residential urban catchments considering social, economic, and technical criteria. The objective is to shift the current technical orientation in LIDs' locating to a practical one with a specific level of residents' cooperation. Four stages were conducted, including (i) acquiring the residents' socio-economic information; (ii) hydraulic simulation of the stormwater collection system in the status quo, (iii) regionalization of the urban catchment using data mining, and (iv) proposing specific LIDs locating scenarios. The field study lasted around four months in a dense residential area with a combination of old/new buildings in the eastern Tehran metropolis. Regionalization was conducted by combining pre-processing/clustering techniques, resulting in six regions (preliminary results) and four regions after the clustering integration in the post-processing study. The regions have different priorities for the LIDs locating, including (i) cooperative cluster, 57 sub-catchments (SCs) and appropriate for rain barrel (RB) and green roof (GR) locating; (ii) semi-cooperative cluster, 12 SCs, appropriate for RB or GR locating; (iii) 15 SCs with infrastructural constraints in the third cluster and appropriate for RB; and (iv) non-cooperative cluster, 34 SCs, inappropriate for LIDs locating. Accordingly, seven locating scenarios were specified, and the developed EPA-SWMM model was modified to evaluate the scenarios for mitigating the study area's node flooding problems. The finding shows that the overflow volume reduced in a range of 36.7–93.1%, 28.3–78.7%, and 16.3–66.4% under the rainfall with 2, 5, and 10 years return periods, respectively.
ADMINISTRATION IN EXTREME CONDITIONS OF MEDICAMENTS BASED ON NICOTINIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yasnetsov Vik.V. , Kaurova D.E. ,   Belgorod State National Research University
Published: September 2022

The literary review encompasses the experimental and clinical evidence of the potency of Russian medicaments nicotinoyl gamma-aminobutyric acid (picamilon), hydroxyzine nicotinoyl glutamate calcium (ampasse), and combineddrug cytoflavin containing nicotinic acid and its derivatives in extreme conditions. Analysis shows that these medicaments and nicotinic acid derivatives protect tangibly from acute and chronic hypoxia of varying genesis, hypo- and hyperthermia, hypokinesia etc. To increase potency and safety of medical care after exposure to extreme factors the search for other nicotinic acid derivatives should be furthered.
ON THE SUBJECT OF SUBSTANTIATING COEFFICIENTS КМimAND КМdel CHARACTERIZING MODIFICATION OF THE ORGANISM RESPONSE TO RADIATION IMMEDIATELY OR IN DELAYED PERIODS DUE TO THE COMBINED ACTION OF THE STRESSFUL FACTORS IN EXTENDED ORBITAL AND EXPLORATION MISSIONS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shafirkin A.V. , Vasin A.L. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Tatarkin S.V. ,   International Sustainable Energy Development Centre under auspices of UNESCO, Moscow
Published: September 2022

Analysis of the huge array of experimental data on the effects of radiation and other physical and natural factors in space missions enabled substantiation of the coefficient of immediate response to radiation (КМim) in context of the risk to cosmonaut's health and efficiency. The КМim value lies with the range of 0.8 – 1.3. Currently, KMim can be taken equal to 1.0 owing to rapid cell recovery in the radiation sensitive bone marrow, GIT, lens epithelium, and brain cortex neurons during prolonged exposure to protons of the solar cosmic rays. The authors validate the modification coefficient for a delayed response (КМdel) presuming probable aggravating effects of air chemical contamination and weightlessness. The КМdel value was established using a calculated overall logarithmic index to quantify the level of stress to the body regulation systems, and functional reserve reduction. Acetone, acetaldehyde and ethanol vapors at maximal admissible concentrations may increase KMdel up to 1.5. Moreover, KMdel should be taken equal to 2.0 on the evidence that synergy of microgravity and GCR heavy nuclei threatens with morphological and functional CNS disorders, vascular damages and cardiovascular diseases and lifespan reduction.
INFLUENCE OF 21-DAY OF HEAD-DOWN BED REST ON THE HEMOSTASIS SYSTEM OF A HEALTHY HUMAN
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kochergin A.Yu. , Markin A.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Zhuravleva O.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Vostrikova L.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Zabolotskaya I.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kuzichkin D.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Zhuravleva T.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Smirnova T.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Vorontsov A.L. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: September 2022

The bed rest experiment involved 6 healthy men aged 24 to 41 years. The subjects were in the supine position for 21 days, the angle of inclination in the cranial direction was -6°. In citrated blood plasma on days 2, 5, 8 and 21 of exposure, as well as 7 days after its end, the following hemostasis parameters were determined: thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations, as well as activity of protein C. In comparison with background, there was slight elongation in prothrombin time on the 2nd and 5th days of the experiment, as well as on the 7th day of the recovery period, a slight shortening of the thrombin time on the 8th and 21st days of the experiment and on the 7th day of the recovery period, moderately elongated activated partial thromboplastine time on 5th and 21st day. The concentration of D-dimer was significantly reduced relative to the background in all periods of the survey, except for the 21st day, approaching the background values on the 7th day after the end of exposure. The activity of protein C did not change significantly during the entire experiment and was significantly lower than the background values only on the 7th day after the end of the experiment. The concentration of fibrinogen did not change significantly during all periods of the examination. The results of the study indicate minor changes in the parameters of the plasma component of the hemostatic system, indicating a decrease in procoagulant potential in the early stages of exposure and its increase in the later stages of hypokinesia and in the recovery period.
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM FRACTIONATED ϒ-IRRADIATION ON MICE LIFESPAN
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Bychkova T.M. , Nikitenko O.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Utina D.M. ,   Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Ivanov А.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: September 2022

The bio-effect of long-term fractionated γ-irradiation with a low total dose was assessed by the criteria of lifespan and death rate in certain life periods. The experiment was made with 40 female ICR (CD-1) mice. Fractionated irradiation of the animals with γ-quants 60Co (50 mGy×33 wks) brought about reduction of the mice mean life by more than 150 days. The total dose of 1.65 Gy is approximate to the admissible career dose limit for cosmonauts. Untimely deaths, in comparison with the control mice, were observed both in the early and terminal periods. Also, body mass of the irradiated animals was increased throughout the follow-up time. The data can be used for evaluation of the risks of tumor and cardiovascular diseases from chronic irradiation of crews during long-term exploration missions.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION BASED ON ANALYSIS OF MORTALITY AMONG CIVIL PILOTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, Moscow, Bukhtiyarov I.V. , Zibarev E.V. ,   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, Moscow, Betts K.V. ,   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Medicine, Moscow
Published: September 2022

The paper presents first results of an epidemiological investigation concerned with mortality among Russian civil pilots fulfilled in 2021. Object was a cohort of former pilots selected in the database of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation since 1991. Each one in the cohort had more than 6 000 flight hours and retired on a pension at the age of 35 the earliest. Mortality was analyzed in the timeframe of 2015 to 2019. Since the RFPF does not contain information about cause of death, the mortality rates were calculated without regard for the cause. As of 31.12.2019, out of 18 254 former pilots in the cohort 1381 (7.6 %) were dead and 16 873 (92.4 %) were alive; total number of person-year observations made up 78 453.7. For the period between 2015 and 2019, the age-standardized mortality factor for pilots was 164.8 per 10 000 which is 31.3 % less when compared to the male population in Russia (238.9 per 10 000), p < 0.05. The risk of death for any reason among former pilots was reliably less in comparison to the male population in Russia: odds ratio is equal to 0.68 within the 95 % confidence interval of 0.56–0.83. Comparatively low death risk for pilots is attributed to the effect of healthy employee, more careful professional selection, high level of medical care, and well-being. However, for the majority of flights the uncontrolled risk of tumor dictates the necessity of further prospective investigations of mortality among civil pilots.
MONITORING RADIATION LOADS AND QUALITY FACTOR OF IONIZING SPACE RADIATION IN THE ISS SERVICE MODULE WITH THE USE OF RESEARCH EQUIPMENT "TRITEL"
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Lishnevskii A.E. , Ivanova O.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Inozemtsev K.O. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Hirn A. ,   Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary, Apáthy I. ,   Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary, Zabori B. ,   Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary, Csoke A. ,   Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary, Deme S. ,   Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary, Pazmandi T. ,   Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary, Szanto P. ,   Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary, Kartashov D.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Tolochek R.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kartsev I.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shurshakov V.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: September 2022

The paper reports the results of measuring absorbed doses and quality factor of ionizing space radiation in the ISS Service module in June-October of 2020 with the use of dosimeter Tritel as part of space experiment Matreshka-R. Mean dose rate over the period amounted to 0.38 ± 0.03 mGy/d. Experimental data on the dose rate dynamics allow to set aside contributions of Earth's radiation belts and galactic cosmic radiation in the total daily dose. The daily average quality factors made up 3.05 ± 0.16 for total dose, 1.6 ± 0.1 for Earth's radiation belts and 5.1 ± 0.3 for galactic space radiation.
Bicentenario en el Perú en el contexto de la crisis global por la pandemia (2020-2021)
Authors: Llanos Argumanis Ernesto Walter
Published: September 2022

El presente ensayo intenta realizar una reflexión crítica sobre el Bicentenario del Perú (1821-2021) en el contexto de la crisis global por la pandemia de la COVID-19 (2020-2021); sobre todo, en referencia a la fragilidad democrática en el Perú a consecuencia de los sucesivos golpes de Estado durante su historia republicana y las recientes crisis políticas. La confrontación polarizada de la dinámica política, la falta de diálogo, la corrupción, el sensacionalismo mediático, la indignación e indiferencia ciudadana y las carencias para atender los problemas de injusticia e inclusión social evidencian la ineficacia política, que se caracteriza por el conservadurismo, el autoritarismo, la corrupción y las pugnas de poder que ignoran los intereses de una nación fragmentada con una cultura política democrática en un precario y accidentado proceso de formación.
Osmotic and Filtration Processes for the Removal of Emerging Water Pollutants
Authors: Manzoor Kamran , Jamal Khan Sher
Published: September 2022

Emerging pollutants (EPs) in water and wastewater are one of the global
water quality challenges and have substantially adverse and serious effects on
ecosystems and human health. However, the presence of these EP’s is generally in
minute quantities ranging from microgram per liter to nanogram per liter in the
environment. These emerging water pollutants may contain endocrine-disrupting
compounds (EDCs), personal care and pharmaceutical products, surfactants, hormones,
steroids, etc. EPs can also be generated from the synthesis of new chemicals and their
by-products in industries. Considering the potential impact of these EPs, an appropriate
and effective wastewater treatment approach is needed, which can remove the wide
variety of these EPs. Membrane technologies have gained more attention in water
filtration processes as membrane technology can remove the emerging water and
wastewater pollutants with different membranes. The presence of the membrane barrier
is one of the main advantages of the membrane filtration process, which offers a wide
variety of supplementary adsorption mechanisms for EPs. The pressure-driven
membrane filtration processes include micro-filtration (MF), nano-filtration (NF),
ultra-filtration (UF), and reverse osmosis (RO). In contrast, the osmotically driven
membrane filtration processes (ODMFP) include pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and
forward osmosis (FO) only. This chapter will review the major characteristics,
advancements, and principles of NF, RO, ODMFP, and other emerging membrane
filtration technology for treating EPs in water and wastewater
Catalytic Processes for Removal of Emerging Water Pollutants
Authors: Taghipour Shabnam , Jannesari Marziyeh , Ataie-Ashtiani Behzad , Mossa Hosseini Seiyed , Taghipour Mohammadhossein
Published: September 2022

An unprecedented increase in urbanization and industrialization ignited by
an upsurge in the development of consumer goods. This has been steadily destroying
the environmental balance and ecosystem and diminishing the water quality.
Inevitably, we are facing one of the biggest challenges of the time, which needs to be
resolved with proper remediation strategies to provide clean water as one of the
essential components for human beings and agriculture, livestock, and several
industrial survivals. With the growing demand for water and sustainable improvement,
utilizing unconventional water supplies such as contaminated fresh water, brackish
water, and wastewater is required. Although some of the traditional water treatment
and purification methods still retain their importance. However, there is a need to
provide faster and more efficient technologies beyond conventional methods for
treating various contaminated water sources, including emerging pollutants. Recently,
catalytic processes such as ozonation and electrocatalysis, including electrocatalytic
oxidation, electro-Fenton process, photo electro-Fenton process, photocatalysis, and
reduction by hydrodehalogenation, exhibited unique features and have opened wide
opportunities in the field of water treatment. This chapter describes various types of emerging contaminants, their effect on human health and the ecosystem, and analytical
methods of ECs quantification. Moreover, the features, mechanisms, and potential
applications of catalytic processes in treating emerging pollutants are discussed in
detail.
Computer-Aided Molecular Design in Computational Chemistry
Authors: Yaqoob Munazzah , Abbasi Mahvish , Anwar Hira , Iqbal Javed , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan
Published: September 2022

In
molecular design techniques, thermodynamic properties are predicted through
computational tools. Besides, the simple prediction methods explain the space of
molecular design while quantum mechanics can accurately predict the properties without
any kind of experimental data; however, it is a bit challenging. Therefore, in this
chapter, the significant advancement, demurrers in progression, and the future perspective
in designing the chemical compounds via using “computer-aided molecular design”
(CAMD) tools will be elucidated. Since the interest in designing novel and advanced
compounds is increasing with time, traditional methods are not efficient now. This
is the key factor in the advancement of CAMD tools. The work advancement different
classes of methods that predict the properties will be explained in the
chapter. Applications of CAMD in the single component product designs, mixture
designs, and also in integrated product designs will be evaluated. All the
difficulties while operating the designs and also in obtaining the results and
future perspectives will be reviewed. COSMO-CAMD successfully designs novel promising
solvents in the liquid-liquid extraction of phenol from water; therefore, it
will be explained thoroughly. Some would debate that theoretical tools in
computational chemistry can now come up with eager understandings of any
chemical process. Yet, the goblet of effective and reliable prediction of
compound reactivity has remained fugitive. Favorably, recent developments in
the electronic structure theory, which is based on both concepts, element, and
rank-scanty, along with the appearance of the highly sophisticated computer
architecture, prominently increased the time and length scales that can be simulated
using molecular dynamics. This opens the door for the newly proposed ab initio
nanoreactor method. Therefore, ab initio methods will be studied completely because
we argue that due to this development in molecular designs, the holy grail of computational
discovery for complex chemical reactivity is entirely within our reach.
Aplikasi Edible Coating Kitosan Pada Cabai Merah Selama Penyimpanan terhadap Mutu dan Tingkat Kematangannya
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Kurniasari Farida , Sutan Sandra Malin ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Prasetyo Joko ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: September 2022

Cabai merah merupakan suatu komoditas yang memiliki salah satu karakteristik yang cukup merugikan yaitu mudah rusak dan masa simpan yang singkat. Untuk memperpanjang masa simpan produk dapat dilakukan dengan menekan laju respirasi dan transpirasi melalui pengendalian kondisi lingkungan salah satunya menggunakan edible coating untuk memberikan perlindungan dan mengurangi terjadinya pertukaran gas, migrasi zat terlarut, dan laju reaksi oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung perubahan susut bobot pada cabai merah, mengukur dan menghitung kadar vitamin C dari cabai merah, menganalisis hasil nilai tekstur dan warna cabai merah berdasarkan sudut pandang penilaian panelis, serta menganalisis perbedaan indeks kematangan pada cabai merah. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pemberian edible coating kitosan dan penyimpanan pada suhu rendah berpengaruh baik terhadap kualitas cabai merah dengan kematangan awal indeks III hingga hari ke-13 dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diberi edible coating dan disimpan pada suhu ruang hanya bertahan hingga hari ke-7. Kemudian untuk cabai merah dengan kematangan awal indeks V yang diberi edible coating kitosan dan penyimpanan pada suhu rendah memiliki ketahanan hingga hari ke-16 dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diberi edible coating dan disimpan pada suhu ruang hanya bertahan hingga hari ke-8.
Pengolahan Sampah Bunga Menjadi Kompos dengan Pemberian Bioaktivator yang Berbeda
Authors:   Universitas Pertamina, Ulhasanah Nova , Sarwono Ariyanti ,   Universitas Pertamina, Yosafaat Michael ,   Universitas Pertamina, Filippi Dennis ,   Universitas Pertamina, Suryawan I Wayan Koko ,   Universitas Pertamina, Wijaya I Made Wahyu ,   Universitas Mahasaraswati
Published: September 2022

Sampah bunga merupakan salah satu sampah yang secara spesifik dihasilkan dari kegiatan seremoni agama Hindu. Sampah ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai kompos karena mengandung bahan organik yang mudah didegradasi. Untuk mempercepat proses degradasi dibutuhkan bioaktivator. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian biaktivator berbeda terhadap proses pembuatan kompos sampah bunga. Sampel sampah bunga yang digunakan terdiri dari gemitir (Tagates erecta L.), pacar air (Impatiens balsamina L.), bunga hortensia (Hydrangea), dan kamboja (Plumeria). Reaktor yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan reaktor aerobik yang dilengkapi dengan lubang untuk sirkulasi udara. Suhu dan pH dalam reaktor komposting mengalami perubahan dari 25-26oC ke suhu sekitar 35-36oC sedangkan pH menjadi ke pH normal. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya proses metabolisme dalam reaktor. Kada air alam sampah mengalami penurunan dari sekitar 80% menjadi dibawah 50% selama waktu detensi 30 hari. C/N hasil pengolahan memiliki nilai signifikansi 0.504, dengan nilai 14.3-15.8. Hal ini menunjukkan pemberian bioaktivator yang berbeda tidak mempengaruhi (F-value: 0.867 dan P-value: 0.504) proses pengolahan sampah bunga menjadi kompos.
FAMILIA ANEMIACEAE
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Morelia, López Cárdenas Abril , Bedolla García Brenda Yudith ,   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío
Published: September 2022

Familia con un solo género, distribuida principalmente en América donde se encuentra la mayor diversidad, algunas especies crecen en África, India e islas del Océano Índico.
FAMILIA DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Morelia, Madrigal González Daniel , Bedolla García Brenda Yudith
Published: September 2022

Familia cosmopolita distribuida principalmente en regiones tropicales y subtropicales, con 16 géneros y cerca de 250 especies. En México se encuentran seis géneros y 25 especies. Para la región de estudio se reconocen cuatro géneros, ocho especies y una variedad.
FAMILIA APOCYNACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Rzedowski Jerzy , Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela ,   Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío
Published: September 2022

Familia de unos 150 géneros y cerca de 1500 especies, mayormente de distribución tropical y subtropical, con pocos representantes en las regiones de clima templado. En virtud de sus hermosas flores muchas especies se cultivan o utilizan como ornamentales. Entre las más comúnmente sembradas con tal propósito en la región de estudio se cuentan Nerium oleander L. (rosa laurel) y Allamanda cathartica L. (alamanda). Varias destacan por ser venenosas, pero no pocas se emplean en la medicina. Algunos autores han sugerido la conveniencia de incluir en Apocynaceae a las plantas que comúnmente se agrupan en la cercana familia Asclepiadaceae. Tal fusión, sin embargo, no ha sido aún claramente aceptada y en esta contribución se considera a las Apocynaceae en su circunscripción restringida tradicional. Además de los géneros que a continuación se enumeran, se han citado también para el estado de Querétaro a Rhabdadenia y Stemmadenia, ambos al parecer a base de ejemplares incorrectamente identificados.
FAMILIA CALOCHORTACEAE
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Martínez Domínguez Clara Estela , Galván Villanueva Raquel ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas
Published: September 2022

Familia con un solo género Calochortus y alrededor de 73 especies, que tradicionalmente era clasificado como parte de Liliaceae. Se distribuye del oeste de Norteamérica a Centroamérica.
FAMILIA PHRYMACEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Pérez-Calix Emmanuel
Published: September 2022

Actualmente la familia se conforma por ca. 10 géneros, con 234 especies. Presenta amplia distribución en el mundo, es especialmente diversa en las regiones templadas, en particular en el oeste de Norteamérica y en Australia, mientras que está pobremente representada en los trópicos húmedos. Para el Bajío y regiones adyacentes se registra por un género y cinco especies.
FAMILIA GRAMINEAE: SUBFAMILIA ARUNDINOIDEAE
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Steinmann Victor W.
Published: September 2022

Las Arundinoideae están ampliamente distribuidas a través del mundo y contienen alrededor de 15 géneros y 35 especies. En la zona de estudio se conocen sólo dos géneros y dos especies. Por mucho tiempo, la subfamilia fue reconocida en un sentido más amplio (por ejemplo, Clayton y Renvoize, 1986; Watson y Dallwitz, 1992) e incluía varias otras tribus como Aristideae y Danthonieae. Sin embargo, trabajos filogenéticos basados en estudios moleculares sustentan que la interpretación extensa no es satisfactoria ya que abarca un grupo polifilético y en la actualidad se le considera constituida por una sola tribu, Arundineae.
FAMILIA CONVOLVULACEAE II
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Carranza González Eleazar
Published: September 2022

Género con cerca de 250 especies, la mayoría confinadas a Eurasia en regiones templado-cálidas. Es necesario llevar a cabo estudios en las plantas de América (principalmente de México a Sudamérica) que ayuden a clarificar la ubicación taxonómica de muchas de ellas. Para el área de estudio se conocen cuatro.
Valoración de buenas prácticas de prescripción en recetas médicas en Honduras
Authors: Vargas Copland Emilia Carolina , Rodríguez Cáceres Amelia Karina
Published: September 2022

Las Buenas Prácticas de Prescripción, consideran varios conceptos y procedimientos para su cumplimiento, entre ellos, aspectos técnicos para la verificación de información que debe contener una receta, contribuyendo así, con el uso racional de los medicamentos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar recetas médicas para verificar el cumplimiento de los requisitos de acuerdo con Guías para las Buenas Prácticas de Prescripción. La información se recolectó a través de un instrumento semiestructurado, cotejando cada una de las recetas. El análisis y validación de la información se realizó en dos momentos, por investigadores diferentes. La muestra de 497 recetas evidenció que el 46.28% omitían parcialmente información del médico, 36.82% la información del paciente y el 37.02% se consideró letra no legible, el porcentaje más alto de cumplimiento lo representó la dosis con un 90.54%. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que un alto porcentaje de las recetas evaluadas incumplen en los aspectos de Buenas Prácticas de Prescripción. En conclusión, es necesaria la intervención y creación de un reglamento en Honduras, para mejorar el proceso de prescripción, estandarizar el formato e información que se plasma en la receta, así como educar al personal de salud responsable de prescribir y dispensar.
Palabras claves: medicamento; recetario; calidad.