bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frederick Douglass
Authors: Geoff Palmer
Published: November 2020

Frederick Douglass, Black abolitionist, author, and statesman, was born into chattel slavery in the United States in 1818. Douglass’s antislavery activism inspired his sons to fight in the Civil War to end slavery in the nation (1861–1865). It also enabled him to meet other U.S. abolitionists such as James McCune Smith, the first Black American graduate in medicine (Glasgow University, 1837), as well as John Brown and Abraham Lincoln. Douglass arrived in Scotland in 1846, where he gave many lectures on the evils of chattel slavery and was aware of the roles politicians and the church played in maintaining this institution. He argued that if the Free Church of Scotland refused to help to abolish slavery in the United States, it should “Send Back The Money” that it acquired from slaveholding investors. A commemorative plaque to Frederick Douglass was unveiled in Edinburgh in November 2018. This article reflects on Frederick Douglass’s activism in Scotland and what it means for Scotland’s African diasporic residents.
The Fugitivity of Art
Authors: Diane C. Fujino
Published: November 2020

This article examines the art practices of Akinsanya Kambon, Pan-African artist, activist, and former Black Panther.  Fujino posits that Kambon’s art and activism embody a marronage politic through the creation of alternative spaces that reject the logics of racial capitalism and white assimilationism.  Whether as a fugitive living in clandestinity or as co-owner of a Pan-African art studio and gallery, Kambon—through his sculptures, paintings, drawings, and accompanying griot storytelling—has emphasized African creation of art, knowledge reclaimed from the ancestors, revolutionary theories and practices, and emancipatory imaginations. The Black Atlantic figures prominently in his art and ideology.
Patrick Kelly’s “Mississippi Lisa”
Authors: Sequoia Barnes
Published: November 2020

This article looks closely at one of Patrick Kelly’s T-shirt designs from his spring/summer 1989 ready-to-wear collection inspired by the Mona Lisa. Kelly’s “Mississippi Lisa” T-shirt design combines many of his inspirations and narrative experiences that inform his design process. The article explores how Kelly attempted to reclaim the trope of the mammy to redefine her meanings through an overtly camp yet kitsch aesthetic and interrogates what might be at stake in doing so.
Jade Montserrat’s Fugitive Traces and Earth-Splattered Bodies
Authors: Alan Rice
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the Scarborough-born Black British artist Jade Montserrat, interrogating her multimedia work in the light of the history of slavery and Black British presence, postcolonialism, and ecocriticism. It looks specifically at the video works Clay and Peat Bog, discussing them in the context of their relation to Black presence in the North and the history of Black agency including new information about runaway slaves. The watercolour Toes and the installation piece No Need for Clothing are discussed in these terms as well, while the latter is used also to describe how charcoal traces from the work illuminate the physical cost of the work on Black bodies. The article uses theoretical work by Edouard Glissant, Paul Ricoeur, Michael Rothberg, Katherine McKitterick, Ian Baucom, and Hannah Arendt, as well as the context of Black British history, to help illuminate the multiple meanings the work engenders.
“Any Leadership Would Have to Be the Type of Frederick Douglass”
Authors: Celeste-Marie Bernier
Published: November 2020

The inspiration for twentieth-century activist-artist Jacob Lawrence’s multipart narrative series Frederick Douglass (1938–1939), a thirty-two-panel work he painted while he was living in Harlem, emerged from his exposure to the stories of “strong, daring and heroic black heroes and heroines.” Whereas it had been an act of philosophical and political liberation for Frederick Douglass to focus on the “multitudinous” possibilities of textual experimentation and visual reimagining when it came to his own face and body, let alone his life story and his intellectual and moral power as an orator and author, for social justice artists such as Jacob Lawrence who were building new languages of liberation from Douglass’s activism and authorship, it was imperative that he become a point of origin, a Founding Father in a Black revolutionary tradition, and a steadying compass point for acts of radicalism, reform, and resistance in the African Atlantic world.
Conjuring Black Freedom
Authors: George Lipsitz
Published: November 2020

Community-based art making and art-based community making have been key components in the Black freedom struggle. The collective intelligence honed in struggle that Cedric Robinson identifies and honors has often resided in creating objects produced by creative acts. This tradition survives and thrives today as an engine driving many different projects. For Afro-diasporic peoples, survival has required relentless resistance to enslavement, exploitation, suppression, and segregation. Resistance alone, however, has never been enough. Responding to the forms of social death prescribed by white supremacy has required the creation of a rich collective, communal, and convivial social life. In this struggle, art and authorship are not merely illustration and ornamentation. They are weapons: mechanisms that cultivate a collective capacity to find value in undervalued places and undervalued people. The articles in this issue of Kalfou emphasize the ways in which Black Atlantic authorship and art across the centuries have been part of an effort to create a new kind of human, one that does not need to make others lesser in order to become greater. In the midst of centuries of suffering, sacrifice, and struggle, the greatest achievement of the Black community has been itself: its constitution as an aggrieved, insurgent, and imaginative polity using invention, inversion, surprise, and disguise to forge mechanisms for refusing unlivable destinies and decorating the way to other worlds.
Cyclopentadienyl System: Solving the Secular Determinant, π Energy, Delocalization Energy, Wave Functions, Electron Density and Charge Density
Authors: Vikram R. Jadhav  , Jamdhade Madhuri  , Wadhawane Pooja  , Y.R. Baste
Published: November 2020

In this study, characteristics of Hückel strategy, were abused so as to acquire some significant outcomes, through a theoretical technique with which it is conceivable to get secular equations, π energy, wave functions, electron density and charge density, as an account of cyclopentadienyl system i.e. C5H5+ (cation), C5H5- (anion), and C5H5. (radical) and permitting the expression of delocalization energy of conjugated cyclopentadienyl ring framework. Here, it was presented the secular determinant of the Hückel technique and applied to cyclopentadienyl system framework so as to communicate their orbital energies of cyclopentadienyl system, also to communicate its electron and charge density in terms of stable configuration of a system. It is settled by the Hückel strategy and applied by the assumptions for nearby comparability such as coulomb integrals, exchange integrals and overlap integrals. This simple way hypothetical strategy will allow to graduate and post graduate understudies to understanding the investigation of stable configuration, electron and charge density and also other parameters.
Project “Schule für alle” as a mentoring programme in university teacher education: Professionalization processes of student teachers in different practical university phases
Authors: Kottmann Brigitte , Pieper Catania
Published: November 2020

In the mentoring programme project “Schule für alle” (“School for all”) at the University of Bielefeld in North Rhine-Westphalia, university students of primary or special education support a child who is in a situation of crisis for more than one year. In addition, the university students receive ongoing, systematic university support (cf. Kottmann, 2007, p. 32; Kottmann, 2014, p. 380).

The accompanying research by “Schule für alle” focuses on the professionalization processes of student teachers during practical phases at universities; accordingly, control groups were included on a pro rata basis. In the pre-post design, all students completed a questionnaire (cf. Pieper, Kottmann & Miller, 2018, p. 294), the evaluation of which shows few changes in the professional perception of competence. Students of the mentoring programme also regularly reflected on their practical experience. Based on the objective hermeneutics it was discovered that the conception of the project supports the process of perceiving, acknowledging and becoming more sensitive in regard to heterogeneous realities in life (cf. Pieper & Kottmann 2019b, p. 312) and that students can consciously perceive and reflect their own normative expectations (cf. Pieper & Kottmann 2019a, p. 79).

The article primarily presents the results of the pre-post survey in detail and adds insights into the qualitative evaluation processes. In the conclusion, the potential of the project and mentoring programmes in general, specifically for teacher training students, is described.
Vitamin E as promising adjunct treatment option in the combat of infectious diseases caused by bacterial including multi-drug resistant pathogens – Results from a comprehensive literature survey
Authors: Hartmann Minnja S. , Mousavi Soraya , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M.
Published: November 2020

The use of antibiotics has provoked an emergence of various multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Infectious diseases that cannot be treated sufficiently with conventional antibiotic intervention strategies anymore constitue serious threats to human health. Therefore, current research focus has shifted to alternative, antibiotic-independent therapeutic approaches. In this context, vitamin E constitutes a promising candidate molecule due to its multi-faceted modes of action. Therefore, we used the PubMed database to perform a comprehensive literature survey reviewing studies addressing the antimicrobial properties of vitamin E against bacterial pathogens including MDR bacteria. The included studies published between 2010 and 2020 revealed that given its potent synergistic antimicrobial effects in combination with distinct antibiotic compounds, vitamin E constitutes a promising adjunct antibiotic treatment option directed against infectious diseases caused by MDR bacteria such asPseudomonas aeruginosa,Burkholderia cenocepaciaand methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). In conclusion, the therapeutic value of vitamin E for the treatment of bacterial infections should therefore be investigated in future clinical studies.
Mobile and non-mobile Internet Use Disorder: Specific risks and possible shared Pavlovian conditioning processes. •
Authors: Moretta Tania , Chen Shubao , Potenza Marc N.
Published: November 2020

This commentary addresses a recent article by Montag et al. (2019) about the relevance of distinguishing between mobile and non-mobile Internet Use Disorder (IUD). In response to the review, we reflect on the clinical relevance of this distinction and, in parallel, we propose some Pavlovian conditioning processes as possible mechanisms underlying different IUDs. We believe that, from a clinical point of view, it is of fundamental importance assessing both specific “forms” of IUDs and the underlying mechanisms that would be shared across different IUDs, like multiple and parallel classes of Pavlovian responses and the influences of Internet cues on Internet-related addictive behaviors that may be influenced by the probability of obtaining Internet rewards.
Risk reduction and harm prevention in technology use. •
Authors: Kuss Daria J.
Published: November 2020

This commentary paper draws on Swanton et al.'s (2020) paper “Problematic risk-taking involving emerging technologies: A stakeholder framework to minimize harms” to discuss issues pertaining to the challenges and possible risks emerging technologies may pose for the users. It acknowledges technology use is not problematic per se, but for some users, it can be associated with preventable harms. Corporate social responsibility is called for to protect consumers. It is argued that there exists a collective responsibility to ensure technology can be used in a healthy and beneficial way, risk is reduced and harm is prevented.
Identification of base erosion and profit shifting using tax evasion rate
Authors: Friedrich Michal , Tepperova Jana
Published: November 2020

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) use different methods and structures for base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) to optimize the tax liability of the group. It is of great interest to the relevant countries to be able to identify such practices and react with appropriate measures. The objective of this paper is to verify whether selected MNEs engaged in the digital economy tend to shift profits from the Czech Republic to jurisdictions with lower taxation using the tax evasion rate (TER) indicator and the transactional net margin method (TNNM). Since the TER method has not been tested yet, this paper also aims to demonstrate its application on real world data and to evaluate its usability. On a sample of five MNEs, the analysis showed a potential tendency to shift profits within Europe for four MNEs (Amazon, Apple, Google and Uber) and a potential tendency to shift profits specifically from the Czech Republic for one MNE (Amazon). The analysis shows that TER is suitable as a preliminary indication of possible risks, rather than their exact quantification.
The Role of Orosi’s Islamic Geometric Patterns in the Building Façade Design for Improving Occupants’ Daylight Performance
Authors: Hosseini Seyedeh Nazli , Hosseini Seyed Morteza , HeiraniPour Milad
Published: November 2020

The form of the building facade significantly affects the amount of useful daylight admitted in the interior space. Striking a balance between the visual comforts of occupants and taking advantage of daylight is always a challenge and, therefore, investigating complex, geometric forms of Orosi patterns can be an effective way of improving visual comfort alongside the aesthetic aspects. Due to intense radiation in the hot and arid climate of Iran, passive strategies were employed for controlling natural light. As a daylight-related component in Iranian vernacular architecture, Orosi offers different functions which are divided into three categories, namely daylight performance, thermal performance, and decorative role. In an attempt to improve indoor daylighting and visual comfort of occupants, this paper investigated, for the first time, the daylight performance of different Islamic geometric patterns (IGPs) used in Orosies with different thicknesses on the West and south facade. To this end, a total number of twelve traditional courtyard houses were studied through a field survey to extract different types of IGPs used in the Orosies. Finally, a grid-based simulation analyzed the indoor daylight conditions through climatic-luminance based metrics. The findings confirmed the daylight performance of the IGPs as a complex geometric form used for the facades. Compared to the base case on the South façade, all the studied patterns offered a significant potential to address the requirements of visual comforts. Additionally, the results revealed the considerable effect of thickness on the daylight performance of IGPs. Based on the results, the 10 and 15 cm thicknesses, showed better results, in comparison with the 5 cm thickness. The 8-Point-Star, as the best choice for the South façade, kept the metrics within an adequate range for occupants. The 8-Point-Star provided DA, UDI, EUDI, and sDA values of 80.18%, 76.65%, 12,22%, 44,6 respectively for thicknesses of 10 cm in the bright layer, which is more than twice the UDI value provided by the base model. Furthermore, the results confirmed the poor performance of IGPs on the West façade, particularly with thicknesses of 10 and 15 cm. The 8-Point-Star and 8-Fold-Rossette, as the best choices, improved the daylight performance of the West façade and prevented visual discomfort for occupants.
Derecho y territorio. Una mirada filosófica
Authors: Gil Olivera Numas Armando
Published: November 2020

En el presente artículo se abordará desde una perspectiva filosófica la profunda relación que existe entre derecho y territorio, especialmente del hombre como sujeto de derechos con unas cosmovisiones propias dentro de un espacio vital donde desarrolla su ser, en el que encuentra su ethos. Analizando esta interacción inicialmente desde la filosofía del derecho, pasando por la filosofía del ser y a la postre por la filosofía popular – costumbrista caribe
Problemática fiscal de las finanzas territoriales en el Distrito de Barranquilla durante la vigencia del año 2015 al 2017
Authors: Donado Consuegra Karen Paola , Corcho Urruchurto Natali Stefanie , Molina Gómez Yudis Maria
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo establece una visión especial de la problemática fiscal de las finanzas territoriales en el Distrito Barranquilla, durante la vigencia del año 2015 al 2017; ya que en la actualidad existen factores que limitan la autonomía administrativa y presupuestal de las entidades territoriales del país, como es  el déficit económico actual como resultado de una política fiscal que cada día se torna más insostenible y qué es en gran parte debido al manejo indebido de las finanzas públicas territoriales, al no distribuir de forma correcta los recursos disponibles se genera una deuda con acreedores y entidades financieras. Uno de los factores que más incide es la falta de “Cultura Tributaria”, situación relevante que ha sido tomada como justificación a la promulgación de diversas y constantes reformas tributarias que han generado regulaciones aisladas en materia tributaria
Apreciación jurídica de la salud en la perspectiva de los derechos humanos
Authors: Restrepo Pimienta Jorge Luis
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo pretende realizar un análisis del derecho a la salud a partir de su categoría de fundamental  y desde el enfoque holístico de los derechos humanos, para lo cual se ha precisado acudir a referentes contemporáneos en el ámbito de la teoría jurídica  de los derechos humanos. Asimismo,  se plantean conceptos normativos y jurisprudenciales entorno al derecho a la salud desde la perspectiva internacional
Emancipación, hegemonía y autonomía relativa del derecho.
Authors: Lascarro Castellar Carlos , Lascarro Castellar Diemer , Caballero Palomino Sergio
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo general rastrear el estado del arte sobre el concepto de emancipación desde el constitucionalismo. Está delimitado al caso colombiano, aunque toma en varios puntos teorías foráneas. Para lograr ese objetivo, como estrategia metodológica se ha optado por dividir el texto en tres partes: la primera indaga sobre la categoría de emancipación desde el liberalismo, el marxismo y desde una tercera opción mixta. La segunda parte, responde la pregunta sobre la capacidad de emancipación social en la jurisprudencia constitucional. Finalmente, la tercera parte rastrea los límites de la emancipación desde cuatro lecturas: una cercana al marxismo, desde la teoría jurídica, el análisis económico del derecho y una cuarta opción radical. Al final, se ofrecen unas conclusiones generales.
Reflexiones sobre el teletrabajo en Colombia
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Lilian
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general identificar la historia, las clases y características de esta nueva modalidad del trabajo. Se subdivide en estas tres partes, con el fin de identificar en donde nació el teletrabajo, cual ha sido su evolución histórica, definición legal y conceptual, así como sus características principales, ventajas y desventajas de la utilización de esta figura jurídica. El artículo cierra con unas conclusiones provisionales del tema.
Principios y reglas del proceso oral y por audiencias: panorama general en el derecho comparado
Authors: Castro Castañeda Ludwing Joseph , Zamudio Pulido Jorge
Published: November 2020

El presente documento se encarga de realizar un abordaje panorámico en torno a los principios y reglas del proceso oral y por audiencias en el derecho procesal en el derecho comparado. Es de anticipar que, debido a la extensión del tema, este será delimitado en cuanto a países paradigmáticos (lo que la doctrina suele denominar “sistemas” o “familias jurídicas”), dependiendo el tipo de sistema adoptado. Así las cosas, el documento se divide en dos partes: la primera analiza países influyentes, o lo que Diego López llamaría “sitios de producción”, mientras que la segunda parte, se concentra en el caso latinoamericano (lo que sería un ejemplo de un “sitio de recepción). Es decir, que tomaremos como centro de análisis la tradición occidental (civil law) y la tradición anglosajona (common law).
Sistemas pensionales, reformas estructurales y pensiones no contributivas en America Latina
Authors: Siza Iglesias Kevin
Published: November 2020

En el presente artículo, haremos un recuento general de los orígenes, desarrollos y  las más recientes tendencias en materia pensional en América Latina, a partir del estudio de los principales momentos de la evolución de los sistemas de seguridad social, particularmente de los sistemas pensionales en la Región, en el marco de un análisis relacional y contextual entorno al desenvolvimiento de su proceso económico y político durante la segunda mitad del Siglo XX, a la luz del despliegue del modelo desarrollista de inspiración Cepalina, de su crisis y posterior fracaso, así como del surgimiento e implementación del proyecto Neoliberal, desde el cual se proyectaron y realizaron una serie de reformas estructurales que estudiaremos en el marco del proceso de financiarización Neoliberal impuesto en la Región en este ámbito, para finalizar realizando algunas reflexiones sobre las pensiones no contributivas en América Latina desde la última oleada de reformas y su impacto en la cobertura pensional de la Región.
No regresión y justicia ecológica: desafíos para la paz y sostenibilidad en Colombia
Authors: Wilches Luna Victoria Sofía , Sotelo Aragón Clay Said
Published: November 2020

Colombia cuenta con zonas de altísima relevancia ambiental por su megabiodiversidad. Precisamente en estos territorios se ha librado, casi que a cabalidad, el conflicto armado, sufriendo impactos devastadores en todo ámbito. Esto ha traído problemáticas conexas que representan grandes desafíos frente a la construcción de paz territorial y de un posconflicto sostenible, siendo necesario encararlas para la democratización de los derechos inherentes del conglomerado social cercano al conflicto y en efecto, a un efectivo desarrollo endógeno-local basados en el principio de no regresión y justicia ecológica.
POLÍTICA SOCIAL DE EMPLEO Y DESEMPLEO, COMO UN RETO JURÍDICO NORMATIVO EN COLOMBIA
Authors: PÉREZ VANEGAS Lenin Esteban
Published: November 2020

A partir del año de 1990, con la entrada rampante del neoliberalismo a Colombia, el país entro en un desequilibrio estructural de las finanzas públicas, en tal forma que tuvo que realizar esfuerzos económicos muy grandes para poder instaurar y consolidar el modelo de globalización neoliberal impuestos al mundo por las elites imperialistas de Norte América y Europa; para el cual el país no estaba preparado económicamente.Para mitigar la crisis del capitalismo, se recurrió a incrementar impuestos, a privatizar el patrimonio público, los servicios la infraestructura, y hasta los derechos fundamentales, a recortar costos laborales, y a crear exenciones y deducciones para estimular la inversión externa, lo cual llevo al país a una crisis sistemática de las finanzas públicas.1Para la mejor comprensión del tema, se ilustrarán las políticas públicas, sociales y políticas teniendo como finalidad tratar de dilucidar, como la flexibilización laboral es un retroceso en materia de garantías y derechos sociales, en la búsqueda generar un ambiente de confianza inversionista para los capitales y monopolios extranjeros, adecuando la economía colombiana a tono con las condiciones de la globalización e implementando políticas económicas, cambiarias monetarias y fiscales que le dan prioridad a las necesidades actuales del capital financiero.Así pues se tomará como referente teórico la posición del Doctor Aurelio Suarez Montoya, acerca del desarrollo de la economía Colombiana, expuesta en su libro Confianza Inversionista, quien manifiesta que el único capaz de brindar empleos dignos, bien remunerados y con todas las garantías constitucionales entendidas dentro del bloque de constitucionalidad, es el Estado colombiano, sin dejar de reconocer el papel fundamental que juega el sector privado dentro de economía; pero resaltando de igual forma al servicio de quien debe estar encaminada la institucionalidad, y a donde se deben dirigir las políticas económicas y sociales; y de igual forma los planteamientos del Doctor Carlos Gaviria Díaz, en materia de Estado Social de Derecho, desarrollados en su compilación jurisprudencial a lo largo de su carrera como magistrado de Corte Constitucional Colombiana.Por otro lado se acudirá como referentes históricos y políticos los postulados de Francisco Mosquera Sánchez, y Héctor Valencia Henao, los cuales realizan una radiografía de la situación política nacional e internacional y sus implicaciones en la economía Colombiana, en sus libros Resistencia Civil, y Desde la Izquierda respectivamente.
Sistemas locales de justicia como respuesta a la desarticulación institucional en las entidades territoriales del Estado colombiano
Authors: Herrera Ortega Humberto de Jesús , Rodelo Garcia Margarita
Published: November 2020

A lo largo de este artículo, se estructuran tópicos relacionados con la implementación y regulación de los Sistemas Locales de Justicia, siendo este una estrategia colectiva de resolución de conflictos y garantía de acceso a la justicia, orientado en la recuperación de confianza por parte de las comunidades hacia las autoridades que administran justicia Para el estudio de este marco jurídico se tuvieron en cuenta el desarrollo de mecanismos análogos como antecedentes de implementación, así como la experiencia en territorio de la aplicabilidad de dicho sistema
Os particulares contornos da migração forçada de mulheres negras: um olhar ao descortinamento de vulnerabilidades trazido pelo projeto “Vidas Refugiadas”
Authors: Reginato Amador Cristian , Pauli de Menezes Cristiane Penning
Published: November 2020

Vive-se hodiernamente um contexto com inúmeros conflitos ideológicos diante da temática migratória, não em seu sentido reducionista, mas na abordagem essencialmente ampla da ideologia predominante. O caráter desigual presente na distribuição das riquezas mundiais, somado aos numerosos conflitos armados e mudanças climáticas, gera um constante fenômeno migratório, onde pessoas passam a buscar novos lares, novos empregos e, sobretudo, uma vida digna. Ocorre, no entanto, que a narrativa desse fenômeno sempre se dá a partir de uma ótica masculina e eurocentrada e raramente com um foco na mulher, reforçando uma invisibilidade habitualmente experimentada pelo gênero feminino, fato este que se intensifica quando se acrescenta a negritude. Desta forma, após analisar o projeto Vidas Refugiadas e tendo por base o estudo “Perfil Socioeconômico dos Refugiados no Brasil”, pergunta-se: em que medida do projeto Vidas Refugiadas reflete a realidade dos processo migratórios de mulheres negras no brasil?
Los excluidos laboralmente por su condición de discapacidad: Egresados de la Fundación CE Camilo del Distrito de Barranquilla
Authors: Ortiz de la Hoz Yariceth , Zambrano Vanegas Rafael Alberto
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo contiene los resultados de la investigación titulada “Exclusión laboral de personas en situación de discapacidad egresados de la Fundación CE Camilo en el periodo comprendido del 2014 al 2018” que se refiere al problema social que afecta a ciertos grupos de personas. La exclusión laboral es un ámbito de este problema social que influye en la vida laboral de las personas, en este caso se investigó o indago como afecta a los egresados en condición de discapacidad de la Fundación Centro Educativo de Habilitación y Rehabilitación Integral San Camilo (CE CAMILO) y así también a su familia, entendiendo que el hecho de tener un integrante de la familia en condición de discapacidad genera situaciones y cambios con los que la familia tendrá que enfrentarse y acostumbrarse.
Особенности изменения площадей водного зеркала и количества озер степной зоны Восточного Забайкалья
Authors: Вахнина Ирина Леонидовна , Носкова Елена Викторовна , Голятина Марина Алексеевна
Published: November 2020

Цель исследования – анализ морфометрических характеристик озер, расположенных в степной зоне Восточного Забайкалья. Методы. Определение площади водного зеркала и количества озер выполнено по мультиспектральным снимкам космических аппаратов Landsat TM, ETM+ и OLI с 1989 по 2016 годы с помощью модифицированного нормализованного разностного водного индекса (MNDWI). Оценка погодно-климатических условий и расчет параметров засушливости и увлажнения проведены по данным наблюдений близлежащих метеорологических станций Забайкальского управления по гидрометеорологии и мониторингу окружающей среды. Результаты. Выявлены годы с максимальными и минимальными значениями количества и общей площади водных поверхностей озер. С помощью корреляционного анализа показано, что изменение исследуемых характеристик тесно связано с климатическими условиями территории. Выводы. Динамика морфометрических характеристик озер степной зоны Восточного Забайкалья обусловлена влиянием климатических факторов. Последняя сухая фаза климатического цикла совпала с ростом температур теплого периода, что привело к повышенному испарению и к значительному сокращению числа и общей площади водной поверхности озер. Для бессточных озер размеры текущего года являются следствием характера водности ряда предшествующих лет. Снижение размеров может сохраняться и в многоводном году, если этому предшествовал ряд маловодных лет, и увеличение в маловодном, если этот маловодный год наблюдается в пределах многоводного периода.
Изменчивость водного режима рек донского бассейна
Authors: Чернова Мария Александровна , Дудник Сергей Николаевич , Буковский Михаил Евгеньевич
Published: November 2020

В статье рассматривается изменение водного режима рек, относящихся к бассейну Дона в пределах территории Тамбовской области. Параметры водного режима рассматриваются в течение трех периодов: 1956-1976 гг., 1977-1997 гг., 1998-2018 гг. Работа выполнена в сотрудничестве с Тамбовским центром по гидрометеорологии и мониторингу окружающей среды. Цель: проанализировать изменения водного режима рек донского бассейна на территории Тамбовской области за период с 1956 года по 2018 год. Методы: аналитический подход к обработке информации. Оцифровка необходимых для проведения исследований данных из журналов гидрологических наблюдений. Результаты: показано, что доля весеннего половодья в общем объеме годового стока постепенно сокращается от 50-х годов XX века к современному периоду, число случаев наступления высоких уровней весеннего половодья снижается в современный период, а продолжительность половодья на изученных реках несколько увеличивается. Считается, что питание рек донского бассейна преимущественно снеговое. За счет интенсивного снеготаяния и происходит формирование максимального стока в период весеннего половодья. Иногда на характер питания рек Тамбовской области накладываются продолжительные дождевые осадки, формирующие летне-осенний паводок. Выводы: согласно результатам, полученным в ходе настоящего исследования, можно сказать, что в ряде случаев вопрос о типе питания изученных рек становится дискуссионным. Также установлено, что даты максимальных уровней половодья постепенно смещаются на более позднее время. По результатам проведенного исследования составлены карты-схемы, отражающие долю стока за период половодья, по отношению к годовому стоку на реках Тамбовской области, принадлежащих донскому бассейну.
Динамика естественного движения населения на Северном Кавказе в постсоветский период
Authors: Казалиева Анна Васильевна , Миненкова Вера Владимировна
Published: November 2020

Цель – проведение анализа соотношения общих коэффициентов рождаемости и смертности, что позволило представить общую картину изменения численности населения в результате его естественного движения в национальных республиках Северного Кавказа, а также в Ставропольском и Краснодарском крае в постсоветский период. На основании анализа коэффициентов естественного движения населения раскрыть основные закономерности и тенденции воспроизводства в региональной и субрегиональной структуре. Методы. Показатели сведены в динамические ряды, а также распределены по городским и сельским поселениям. Результаты. Коэффициенты рождаемости, смертности и естественного прироста населения на Северном Кавказе имеют ярко выраженную региональную дифференциацию, которая в последние годы стала более очевидной. При том, что на сегодняшний день анализируемые показатели имеют повсеместную тенденцию к постепенному снижению, первые два десятилетия после распада СССР в ряде национальных субъектов Северного Кавказа произошел демографический «взрыв» на фоне нулевого естественного прироста в русскоязычных регионах. Выявлена так же поселенческая специфика естественного воспроизводства населения. В русскоязычных Ставропольском и Краснодарском краях, а также в республиках Адыгея и Северная Осетия естественный прирост выше среди городского населения, в остальных субъектах Северного Кавказа естественный прирост в сельской местности преобладает над городским.
Историко-географическое исследование Дальнего Востока России
Authors: Ахременя Анастасия Алексеевна
Published: November 2020

Цель данного исследования – проведение историко-географического анализа Дальнего Востока России, выявление особенностей формирования специализации и демографических процессов в регионе. На каждом историческом этапе политика региона претерпевала изменения в социальном развитии, подстраивалась под изменяющиеся экономические и геополитические условия, а также политику центра. В настоящее время развитие Дальнего Востока выступает приоритетным направлением внутренней политики нашей страны, поэтому издаются специальные нормативно-правовые акты, создано Министерство, лоббирующее интересы региона. Основным сдерживающим развитие региона фактором можно считать кардинально различный уровень жизни населения на всем его пространстве, который предполагает нахождение оптимальной формы расселения жителей и пространственной организации, определение источников, способствующих росту численности, и условий, обеспечивающих приток населения. Методы и материалы: сравнительно-географический, описательный, аналитический, индуктивный, математический, статистический, картографический. Материалами исследования выступают статистические данные Росстата, литературные источники, фонды.
Образное мышление и его развитие на уроках географии
Authors: Позднякова Татьяна Михайловна , Макаренко Вера Прокопьевна
Published: November 2020

Цель данной статьи заключается в рассмотрении образного мышления как одного из важнейших психических процессов и компонентов успешного обучения, а также раскрытии некоторых возможностей его развития на уроках географии. В процессе проведения исследования, положенного в ее основу, использовались следующие методы: аналитический, синтетический, экспериментальный. Результаты: раскрыто значение сформированности образного мышления для успешного включения школьников в образовательный процесс. Обозначены некоторые методические аспекты развития образного мышления в процессе учебной деятельности. Представлены и проанализированы результаты педагогического эксперимента по развитию образного мышления на уроках географии. Выводы: Образное мышление является неотъемлемой частью общей культуры человека и географической культуры – в частности. Содержание географии как учебного предмета имеет широкие возможности для развития образного мышления. Внедрение в образовательный процесс приемов, направленных на развитие образного мышления, способствует преодолению «эмоциональной лености» школьников как следствия клипового мышления и способствуют переходу познавательной деятельности от представлений к понятиям, от чувственного уровня познания – к рациональному. В данной связи, развитие образного мышления представляет собой важную ступень, обеспечивающую как становление логического мышления, так и формирование мышления комплексного. Применение методов развития образного мышления на уроках географии повышает не только уровень его сформированности, но и способствует росту интереса к географии как учебному предмету. Это свидетельствует об эффективности материалов, которые были разработаны педагогом и применены в процессе проведения педагогического эксперимента.
Седьмые международные чтения памяти В. М. Пескова (к 90-летию со дня рождения)
Authors: Телегина Анна Вячеславовна , Свиридов Вадим Васильевич
Published: November 2020

Рассматривается положительный опыт проведения чтений и международной конференции, посвященной 90-летию со дня рождения В. М. Пескова.
Профессор Ф. Н. Мильков и профессор С. В. Голицын – полюсы взаимопритяжения
Authors: Федотов Владимир Иванович , Федотов Сергей Владимирович
Published: November 2020

Цель настоящей статьи показать как складываются взаимоотношения между двумя выдающимися профессионалами в области природоведения. Статья акцентирует внимание на дружественные профессиональные отношения между двумя выдающимися персонами – профессором Ф. Н. Мильковым и профессором С.В. Голицыным. Авторы обращают внимание на роль профессора Ф. Н. Милькова в получении С. В. Голицыным ученой степени, на которую он по факту давно претендовал.
Вариация стока и его факторов
Authors: Чеботарев Н. П.
Published: November 2020

Редакция журнала «Вестник ВГУ. Серия: География. Геоэкология» публикует монографию Н. П. Чеботарева «Вариация стока и его факторов». Проблема поднятая автором в середине XX века актуальна и сегодня. Однако монография Н. П. Чеботарева стала библиографической редкостью уже сразу после выхода в свет. Текст книги воспроизводится в авторском варианте. Для понимания важности проблемы в современных исследованиях в области гидрологии публикацию книги предваряет комментарий кандидата географических наук С. Д. Дегтярева.
The Global East and the Globe
Authors: Trubina Elena
Published: November 2020

The article is a detailed response to the text by Martin Müller “In Search for the Global East”, written on the basis of the experience of a scientist specializing in post-socialist realities, and included in the global circulation of social and humanitarian knowledge. It deals with the possibility of reflection of the place of the post-socialist part of the world in the world as a whole, from the point of view of a community formed by those who live in the post-socialist space and those who explore different aspects of post-socialist life. The genealogy of discussions about the Global South and the Global North, which are fundamental for such disciplines as geography (political, economic, and human) and urban studies, as well as the formation of the conceptual link of “development = the global South” in the political history of the second half of the twentieth century and in the intellectual history of this period is discussed. It is argued that the Global South is actively discussed in the global debates of geographers, urbanists, and historians. It also occupies a prominent place in transnational, big stories about what is happening in the world, and with the world. At the same time, the post-socialist world (Müller proposes the name “Global East” for it) occupies an insignificant place in these narratives. “Development” (no matter how different and controversial it may be) in relation to that part of the “global” which is comprised from Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia, is understood as a task of national governments, and which must be solved by following Western recipes. The article explains the reasons for the lack of understanding of what this region means today, as well as the difficulties of conducting and popularizing research about it, in particular, the ongoing post-colonial decentralization of the West as a privileged place of knowledge production. The conclusion of the article is that much more research is needed in which different perceptions of the global are compared, including the ones generated in/by the “Global East”.
Exchange of Views on the Article “In Search of the Global East” by Martin Müller
Authors: Tichindeleanu Ovidiu , Rogers Douglas , Ļevkins Andrejs , Gradskova Yulia , Sokolovskaja Marina , Golubev Alexei , Wolkenstein Paul , Makarychev Andrey , Bezuglov Dmitrii
Published: November 2020

This section presents exchanges between intellectuals from Eastern and Western Europe, Russia, and North America who kindly agreed to read and comment on Martin Mueller’s article “In Search of the Global East”, relying on the situation in their own academic disciplines, work experiences, and the twists and turns of their scientific research and creative challenges. Researchers, academic teachers, exhibition curators, writers, and architects reflect on the power and influence which geographical names exert on academic life, politics, and culture. Starting from Mueller’s article on the Global East, as well as his other text wherein he expresses his skepticism of the concept of post-socialism, the commentators, evaluating Mueller’s arguments critically, raise a number of fundamental questions. Among these questions is the need to historicize scientific concepts, the issue of the regularly-reproducible misunderstanding (or even exclusion) of the East by Western intellectuals, the tasks the inclusion of the Global East in the overall geographical picture will contribute to, as well as the question of whether the concern that the Global East is not sufficiently heard in the world is narrowly academic. This indirect debate between the author of the key text in this thematic issue and his commentators is significant as an episode of the joint search for a more democratic, creative, and inspiring future for the region that unites Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia.
Tragedy of Inequality: Dehumanizing “L’Homme Total”
Authors: Kurakin Dmitry
Published: November 2020

nequality is amongst the most fundamental and formidable social problems of modernity. It thus does not come as a surprise that it is a major theme that cuts through multiple areas of sociology. However, the major limitation of most social research on inequality is that its focus is often limited to the redistribution of resources, be them material or symbolic. Indeed, some of the most important effects of inequality, ones that make inequality so crucial to studies of modernity, go far beyond unfair access to certain goods. These reveal themselves in elements of social disintegration, lack of social cohesion, multidimensional social exclusion, marginalization of large social groups and gaps between their basic frames of references, which can reach the level of mutual impenetrability. To achieve an integrated perspective, this study follows the lead of quickly developing frontier approaches in the cultural sociology of inequality, and, following its leaders’ appeals, focuses on another dimension of inequality that is complementary to distribution — a social recognition of personal and social group identities. This allows us to assess how economic forces associated with inequality interact with cultural patterns and cognitive processes which persist in the behaviors of both individuals and social groups. Following this line of inquiry, this study focuses on cultural and emotional mechanisms of recognition and how it shapes people’s identity and dignity, and tries to tie these mechanisms to cognitive processes, which shape people’s aspirations and can “ignite” their actions. This study is ultimately intended as a kind of “manifesto” for the sociology of culture and inequality, and thus includes calls for wider intra- and inter-disciplinary input and collaboration in these areas.
In Search of the Global East: Thinking between North and South
Authors: Müller Martin
Published: November 2020

Carving up the world into Global North and Global South has become an established way of thinking about global difference since the end of the Cold War. This binary, however, erases what this paper calls the Global East — those countries and societies that occupy an interstitial position between North and South. This paper problematizes the geopolitics of knowledge that has resulted in the exclusion of the Global East, not just from the Global North and South, but from notions of globality in general. It argues that we need to adopt a strategic essentialism to recover the Global East for scholarship. To that end, it traces the global relations of IKEA’s bevelled drinking glass to demonstrate the urgency of rethinking the Global East at the heart of global connections, rather than separate from them. Thinking of such a Global East as a liminal space complicates the notions of North and South towards more inclusive but also more uncertain theorizing.
Digital Environmental Activism as the New Form of Environmental Participation
Authors: Ermolaeva Polina , Ermolaeva Yulia , Basheva Olga
Published: November 2020

The article provides a comprehensive study and systematization of the main approaches and theories to the study of digital environmental activism based on a related-literature analysis. The authors came to the conclusion that, in the conceptualization of a digital environmental activism, researchers place emphasis either on the features of the digital technologies that drive such activity, or on the basis of the environmental mobilization itself. In this work, combining both approaches with digital environmental activism, the authors understand the voluntary collective activity around common environmental interests and values that are implemented publicly and voluntarily through the use of new informational and communication technologies. The article discusses the main features of digital environmental activism, which include, on the one hand, the enhancement of environmental knowledge, and the change in the paradigm of interaction between actors in which they become not only consumers of information, but also its active producers. On the other hand, digital practices contribute to the alienation of users from the real protest movement by limiting them to virtual means of interaction; additionally, this form of participation is not accessible to all citizens, thereby generating new forms of digital inequality and social distances. The authors examined various types of digital participation which include clicktivism, meta-voting, self-affirmation, e-finance, political consumer protection, digital petitions, botivism, data activity, and hacktivism. The authors critically assess both established and new theoretical approaches to the study of digital eco-activism such as Castells’ theory of network society, deliberative democracy, “citizen science”, socio-psychological theories to explain environmental behavior, and Digital Environmental Humanities. The author’s vision of possible options for data synthesis in the study of environmental online activism for the Russian scientific context is proposed.