bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood Forecasting on River Lena During Spring High Water in Area of Location of Potentially Dangerous Objects
Authors: Struchkova G P , Nogovitsyn D D , Kapitonova T A , Kusatov K I
Published: June 2019

The most characteristic for Yakutia natural emergency situations (ES) are springsummer high waters causing extensive, more than 70%, floods of territories and objects of infrastructure.

The article presents the application of the methodology of risk analysis, interpretation of space images and geoinformation technologies (GIS) to develop a mathematical model that predicts flood hazards from spring floods based on statistical data obtained over 50 years and GIS simulation of flooding zones. There is presented an application of methodology of risk analysis, deciphering of satellite images and geoinformation technologies (GIS) to develop a mathematical model, which allows predicting danger of flooding from spring floods on the basis of statistical data obtained over 50 years and GIS modelling of flood zones. The proposed methodological approach allows one to obtain estimates of water level during spring floods in a certain period of time, and build models of studied dangerous process (a trend, harmonic and noise components) with sufficient accuracy and visualize flooded areas. Research of this region will allow considering one of aspects of provision of security of construction of bridge, and also the underwater passage of gas pipeline operating since 2004.
Safety Improving of Cooling Unit of is Open Tane - Isoprene Charge Stock for Production of Isoprene Rubber
Authors: Kurbangaleeva M H , Tazetdinov A S
Published: June 2019

The main hazards of the isopentane-isoprene charge cooling unit of isoprene rubber production are analyzed. The conditions for the emergence and development of emergency situations were studied, and existing measures to ensure safety at work were considered. The main initiating event in case of emergency situation in the shop is depressurization of equipment accompanied by the release of significant amount of hazardous substance with subsequent negative development of the accident.

Activities aimed at reducing the risk of an accident at the facility are: reducing the probability of depressurization of equipment; minimizing the quantity of hazardous substances entering the accident site; localization of the accident site; limiting the time spent in hazardous areas. It is proposed to equip pipelines at the site boundaries with high-speed shut-off valves with a response time of 12 seconds. This measure allows minimizing the quantity of hazardous substances entering the accident sitethat leads to a significant reduction of environmental and economic damage because of accident.
Photochemical Degradation of Micropollutants in Aqueous Media
Authors: Khandarkhaeva M S , Batoeva A A , Sizykh M R , Aseev D G , Tsydenova O V
Published: June 2019

Natural sunlight was employed to enhance degradation of micropollutants in a Fenton-like oxidative system involving persulfate as the oxidant and ferrous iron (Fe(II)) as the catalyst Fe2+/S2O8
2−/Solar. Experiments were carried out in a bench-scale compound parabolic collector (CPC) and a batch photoreactor. The micropollutants tested were p-chlorophenol, atrazine, and triclosan. The reaction rates and degree of micropollutant degradation increased in the order: {Solar} < {S2O8
2−/Solar} < {Fe2+/S2O8
2−} << {Fe2+/S2O8
2−/Solar}. It was proven that photocatalytic oxidation activated by solar radiation leads not only to complete degradation of micropollutants, but also to substantial drops in levels of total organic carbon in the solution (i.e. leads to mineralization). Based on the results, a method of deep degradation of toxic organic pollutants based on the solar photo-Fenton process Fe2+/S2O8
2−/Solar was suggested.
Abnormal High Radon Exhalation Levels on the Mount Beshtau, North Caucasus
Authors: Miklyaev P S , Petrova T B , Sidyakin P A
Published: June 2019

The measurements of radon exhalation rate, radon concentration in the air, gamma-doze rate and radium content in soils on the Mount Beshtau were carried out. The very high radon levels were discovered in local zone on the western slope. The radon exhalation rate in the anomalous zone achieves 15,000 mBq/m2s, and the radon concentration in the atmospheric air exceeds 4000 Bq/m3. These levels sufficiently exceed the local background. The extremely high values of radon exhalation rate in the anomalous zone cannot be explained by local sources of radon. Anomalous levels of radon exhalation probably result from radon transport out of fracturing zones with convective air flows. This thesis is confirmed by repeated measurements.
Probabilistic Modelling of Icebergs in the Russian Arctic Seas
Authors: Sabodash O , Zagorodnyaya S E , Krikunova Yu A
Published: June 2019

The paper aims at providing safe development of oil and gas deposits in the offshore area of the Kara and Barents seas where promising hydrocarbon deposits are located. For these water areas marine oil and gas structures construction projects are designed, primarily in connection with the plans for oil and gas fields’ development. Icebergs belong to such kind of drifting ice features, the action of which in most cases neither floating, nor stationary marine hydraulic structures can withstand.

The danger of a large drifting iceberg effect on exploration and production platforms, oil and gas pipelines is obvious, therefore, the iceberg – structure hit probability prediction is of great applied importance.

The aim of the paper is probabilistic modelling of icebergs to prevent their collision with structures, the Kara and Barents seas taken as an example.
Regional Aspects of Assessing Dietary Effect of Mercury on Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Fomina S F , Stepanova N V
Published: June 2019

Analysis of mercury (Hg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) intake with the diet of children aged 3-6 years old from the city of Kazan was carried out. Meat and meat products, poultry, eggs (36.86 % and 28.84 % correspondingly), cereals and bakery goods (18.45 % and 42.74 % correspondingly), fish, non-finfish (28.79 % and 19.80 %) contributed most to Hg exposure at the median and the 95th perc levels. The value of exposure to MeHg in children at the median (0.1 μg / kg of body weight per week) and the 95th perc (0.33 μg / kg of body weight per week) levels did not exceed the recommendations of USEPA and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to Hg with the main food groups at the median and the 95th perc levels was acceptable (HQ<1). Non-carcinogenic risk in children on MeHg intake at the level of the 95th perc made 2.29, that fact being unacceptable (HQ >1) and indicating the risk of neuropsychological disorders for younger children from the city of Kazan due to fish and seafood consumption.
Application of Plant Biomass Conversion Products for Biofuel Production
Authors: Tyaglivaya I N , Zhukova I Y , Papina E N
Published: June 2019

The problem of energy saving while reducing environmental pollution forces not only to look for ways of more rational use of traditional energy resources but also to find other preferably renewable and inexpensive sources of energy. The reserves of fossil fuels are not unlimited and therefore one of mankind tasks is to find new energy renewable sources to meet the growing needs of modern society and future generations. Particular interest in this regard is plant biomass. This review presents the results of studies of the practical application of plant biomass for biofuel production. Production of bioethanol from plant raw materials (in particular molasses - the waste of sugar production), the use of traditional and non-traditional oilseeds for biofuel production are considered. The most promising approach for the conversion biomass based on the dehydration of carbohydrates into furan derivatives is presented also.
Control of Biological Treatment of Disturbed Lands of Cryolithozone at Oil Spills
Authors: Glyaznetsova Yu S , Zueva I N , Chalaya O N
Published: June 2019

The paper presents the results of geochemical research on the effectiveness of biological treatment of oil-contaminated permafrost soils in the conditions of the Far North (Republic Sakha (Yakutia)). On base of the complex of physics-chemical methods analysis, the comparison study of transformation features of oil contamination was made at the experimental site with application of biological preparation on the base of native strains of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms and at the control site without application of preparation. At the experimental site over 10 years’ monitoring the significant changes were observed such as a content of residual oil content as in composition of oil contamination. A content of resins and asphaltenes increased as hydrocarbons decreased, in the chemical structure the amount of oxygen groups and bonds increased. Degree of destruction averaged 95%. At the same time, the level of pollution remained high. Thus, a single treatment of soils with biological preparation wasn’t enough to completely remediation soils. At the control site, the same direction of changes was observed with a lower rate of degradation. Degree of destruction was only 35%.Obtained positive results can be used for remedia works in territories contaminated by spills of oil and oil products.
On The Joint Use Of High-Speed And Conventional Railway Lines
Authors: Kukleva N V , Kuklev D N
Published: June 2019

From the moment of commissioning of the first high-speed specialized railways (HSR) in Japan and as a result of more than 50 years of historical development of high-speed passenger railway traffic in different countries, currently, there are several options for its development: first, construction of new highways for the movement of specialized rolling stock, secondly, by reconstructing of the existing railway lines with more technical parameters for higher speed. In scientific publications the issues of justification of the construction of a new HSR are widely covered, as well as reconstruction of existing lines, but at the same time, the problem of definition of efficiency of use of HSR and conventional lines, according to the authors, at least Russian transport science has not been studied enough. In the article some results of the sharing study are presented specialized high-speed railways and reconstructed for more high speeds of passenger trains in existing railway lines of lines’. The question of definition from the economic point of view of costs is considered, depending on parameters such as distance between high-speed trains on the lines reconstructed under high-speed movement, and the cost of passenger-hour, reflecting the duration of passengers on the road.
Hydroacoustic Rupture-Detection System for Major Underwater Pipelines
Authors: Slesarev N Yu
Published: June 2019

In modern conditions, a continuous monitoring system for major underwater pipelines is an essential part for maintenance of their normal operating. One of the possible approaches to the development of a continuous control system for the pipeline technical condition can be the method that is based on the luminal echo sounding. The work contains numerical experiments for the analysis of influence of leaks and ruptures of gas pipelines on the structure of the illuminated acoustic fields in conditions of natural stochasity of water environment. In the quantitative experiment, the emitter was located on the axis of underwater acoustic channel (UAC). In this case, all the acoustic energy spreads along the UAC axis and there are no shade zones. As a result of the numeric experiments, correlations between the acoustic field distribution along the axis of underwater acoustic channel with and without gas pipeline ruptures at the range of 1 km and different levels of the random componentry were obtained. In the numeric experiment, the random componentry of the acoustic velocity field was discretely changing from 0,05 m/s to 0,5 m/s. The pipeline rupture was modelled at the ranges of 35; 70; 100 km. Pipeline rupture shifts the UAC axis; consequently, the acoustic field range rapidly drops at the depth of emitter. This effect is observed at all levels of the random componentry of the acoustic velocity field in the numeric experiments. Hydroacoustic leak-detection system for major gas pipelines is suggested based on the obtained results; it consists of the emitter and discrete receivers located along the UAC axis. The allocation precision is determined by the intervals between receiver along the UAC axis.
Computer Modeling of Deformation Processes in the Event of Liquidation of a Dip Over a Rock Mine
Authors: Prokopov A , Prokopova M , Hamidullina N
Published: June 2019

The urgency of the problem of the occurrence of earth surface failures above underground excavations is substantiated. A model of a rock massif in the zone of a dip over a mine excavation has been developed. A new method for eliminating the failure of the earth’s surface is proposed. The strength and deformation characteristics of the packing material used to eliminate the dip are investigated. Stresses and deformations in a soil massif are determined for various variants of layerwise deposition of materials into a dip. On the basis of full-scale observations of the development of failures and generalization of the results of their elimination, it has been established that the method of liquidating the failure has a significant effect on the nature of the work of the rock-lining structure being created. It is proved that the strength and deformation characteristics of the formed filling massif exert a significant influence on the stability and durability. The results of modeling the layer-by-layer method of liquidation of the dip confirmed its high reliability and efficiency.
Adamantane Hydrocarbons as Indicators of Oil Genesis in the Open System
Authors: Lifshits S Kh , Chalaya O N
Published: June 2019

Hydrocarbons of the adamantane structure are referred to as hydrocarbon biomarkers. However, they differ from other biomarkers in that no analogues of hydrocarbons of adamantane structure in wildlife have been found. These hydrocarbons are assumed to have been formed because of structural rearrangements and at the polycyclic naphthenic hydrocarbons molecules fragmentation. Adamantane hydrocarbons, regardless of the deposit location, are featured by the pronounced nonequilibrium composition. This is, although in laboratory experiments at sufficiently low temperatures (180-220°C) equilibrium is reached within a few days. All these testify to the fact that the formation of adamantane structures has proceeded very fast, in the kinetic regime, and is most likely to associate with the processes of hydrocarbons migration into the deposit. Researchers of adamantane hydrocarbons indicate the option of adamantane structures formation in migration processes, though not specifying the mechanism of their development. It has been suggested that the formation of adamantane hydrocarbons proceeds dynamically in a stream of deep fluids in the supercritical state. The isomeric composition of alkyl adamantanes is determined by the time of contact with the rocks, as well as their catalytic activity. This can confirm the earlier assumption on oil genesis in thermodynamically open system.
A Study of the Qualitative Chemical Composition of Technogenic Waters in the Tailing Dumps of the Russian Southern Far East in a Wide Temperature Range Using the Physicochemical Modeling Method
Authors: Frolov K R , Lysenko A I , Pyatakov A D
Published: June 2019

The article presents the results of technogenic waters composition physicochemical modeling for Kavalerovsky and Dalnegorsk ore districts closed tailing dams (Primorsky Krai, South of the Russian Far East). Thermodynamic modeling in “Selektor” software package in a wide temperature range from -10 to +30 °C allowed to establish the Eh-pH characteristics and to study quantitative and qualitative composition of slurry and drainage waters
Express Assessment of the Quality of Fluorite-Containing Raw Materials
Authors: Glushkova T A , Talalay A G , Shinkaryuk I E
Published: June 2019

In the production of fluorspar (fluorite) of various grades, the rapid and accurate determination of fluorite is important. The chemical method is used as a marking method, and neutron activation analysis is used as an express method. Initially, the neutron-activation analysis method for fluorite was used by V. Ya. Bardovski for well logging. Its essence is reduced to the irradiation of rocks containing CaF2, a neutron flux from the polonium-beryllium source, followed by the measurement of induced activity on the short-lived isotopes 16N and 20F. This method has the following advantages in comparison with chemical: expressiveness and relatively simple analysis technique, the ability to determine very small amounts of individual elements in rocks and the possibility of element-by-element analysis of rock composition in natural occurrence. The results obtained from the studies indicate that a plutonium-beryllium source should be given preference. According to calculations by E M Filippov [10], 50% of oxygen using a polonium-beryllium source is equivalent to 0.025% fluorine, and for plutonium-beryllium it is 0.0085%.
Methodological Guidelines for Prevention of Destruction of Parallel Filter Cartridges Located in One Vessel at Maximum Pressure Drop
Authors: Usachev A P , Shurayts A L , Biriukov A V
Published: June 2019

Technical literature lacks scientific foundations for prevention of destruction of parallel filter cartridges within one vessel in gas purification devices at maximum pressure drop. In order to prevent filter net damage caused by solid particles, which can be found in the raw (non-purified) gas stream at the inlet to the gas purification device, we have developed principles and technical solutions for installation of a protective plate with perforated holes, the size of which excludes entry of debris capable of destroying the outer surface of the filter net. In order to prevent the destruction of fully-clogged filter net from the impact occurring as the result of pressure drop in the filter cartridge, we have developed solutions for transferring gas pressure from the clogged net to the supporting rectangular plate perforated with openings. An equation is proposed for finding the maximum opening diameter in rectangular support plates, which prevent damage to the clogged filter mats adjacent to them in the event of an increase in the pressure drop to the maximum value in the cartridge.
Estimation of the Error in the Calculation of Mineral Reserves Taking into Account the Heterogeneity of the Geological Space
Authors: Shurygin D N , Vlasenko S V , Shutkova V V
Published: June 2019

For effective application of the method of analogy in the geometrization and prediction of indicators, it is necessary to observe the principle of similarity of the field being studied to the field-analog developed by the development. Under the conditions of similarity, it can be assumed that the nature and intensity of deformation of rocks in the conduct of mining operations will be about the same. When choosing a mine-analogue should be based on the coincidence of the degree of metamorphism of coal and rock epigenesis, tectonic structure of the sites, the lithological and material composition of rocks and their physical and mechanical properties, power and depth of the coal seam, hydrogeological conditions. Homogeneous areas of the deposit can be distinguished by various methods of cluster analysis. The quality of the classification is assessed by comparing the average values of indicators in individual clusters (homogeneous areas) with their average values throughout the place.
The Decadal-Multidecadal Changes of Extreme Air Temperature in the Black Sea Region
Authors: Kovalenko O Yu , Voskresenskaya E N
Published: June 2019

The decadal-multidecadal changes of extreme air temperature characteristics during winter and summer in the Black Sea region are studied in the paper. The 5th and 95th percentiles of intra-seasonal daily temperature anomalies and number of days with air temperature below the 5th and above the 95th percentile were used to describe moderate extremes. The average daily air temperature data from 13 hydrometeorological stations in 1950–2014 and from several stations in 1900–2005 were analyzed.

Pacific Decadal oscillation (PDO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal oscillation (AMO) were considered as the main global processes in the ocean-atmosphere system responsible for regional climate change on decadal-multidecadal scale. The differences of extreme air temperature characteristics between positive and negative AMO and PDO phases are analyzed in the paper. It is found that the extreme winter air temperature anomalies are increased by about 2 °C during the positive PDO phase and negative AMO phase. The winter frequency of extreme low temperature is decreased by two times during the positive PDO phase and negative AMO phase. The summer changes of extreme temperature characteristics, associated with the PDO and AMO phases are insignificant.
Study of Heat-Hydraulic Efficiency of Asphalt-Resinous Paraffinic Oil Deposits in Field and Trunk Pipelines
Authors: Sunagatullin R Z , Karimov R M , Dmitriev M E
Published: June 2019

The results of laboratory and numerical experimental studies of the thermal and hydraulic efficiency of a layer of wax deposits formed on the inner surface of the pipeline wall are presented. Measurements of the coefficient of thermal conductivity of wax samples of deposits taken from sections of existing main oil pipelines have been performed. To assess the effect of the sediment wax layer on the smoothness of the inner surface of the pipe wall, tests were carried out to determine the values of the roughness coefficient on samples of coils cut from sections of repaired main oil pipelines whose inner wall surface is covered with a layer of wax accumulated during their long operation and periodical pigging. The results of laboratory studies of the samples confirmed the relatively high thermal insulation properties and the smoothing capacity of the wax layer, and therefore, numerical experiments were also conducted to assess the effect of a formed wax layer on the heat and hydraulic regime mode of oil pipelines, including such parameters as the average kinematic viscosity of the flow, the final oil temperature, loss of pressure caused by the hydraulic resistance of the pipeline. Analysis of the results obtained in the course of mathematical modeling made it possible to evaluate the effective limits of the positive usage of a controlled oil wax layer as an internal thermal insulation coating for oil pipelines. Also, the paper discusses the effects of wax deposits on operational factors, such as the corrosion activity of the oil wax layer with respect to the inner surface of the pipeline wall metal.
Creating Rare Species Artificial Populations of the Genus Hedysarum L. (Fabaceae)
Authors: Maslova N V , Muldashev A A , Elizaryeva O A
Published: June 2019

In connection with the intensive mineral resource development, it is now topically relevant to 3cinserve the gene pool of plant rare species, whose populations find themselves within the exclusion zones (quarry mining, disposal of overburden and waste rocks, etc.). However, methods for moving plants from such zones to safe places in order to create artificial populations are still poorly developed. In Bashkortostan, tests are being undertaken to develop the methods for creating rare species artificial populations, including tick trefoils, such as Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall. and H. razoumovianum Fisch. et Helm. These species are included into the Red Data Books of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Russian Federation. The works are being performed in the Natural Botanical Garden (natural protected area “Gurovskaya Gora” near Ufa). The aim of the research is to develop the methods for evacuating rare species and to create artificial populations and source nurseries for obtaining seeds and planting materials in order to conduct reintroduction works in the crucially endangered populations. In the test with H. grandiflorum we used 15 specimens from different places of Bashkortostan, among them from two sites where mining works are planned to be launched. The number of testing plots created since 2006 is 53. Seedlings are recorded during the first 4-6 years of observation. A massive loss of young plants is observed. Generative plants and self-seeding occur in the majority of the tests. Six specimens of H. razoumovianum are under investigation. Starting in 2005, 17 tests have been undertaken. Seedlings are recorded during 4-6 years. Generative plants emerge in the fourth or fifth year of observation. These plants bloom, produce fruits and self-seed every year. By 2014, two self-reproducing micropopulations have been formed. In 2017, 487 plants were recorde4d in one of them, with 24 maternal plants. The tests suggest the possibility to create artificial populations of these species and to conserve them under eco-phytocoenotic conditions comparable to those in nature. Even now they can serve as the seed source for the reintroduction works.
Persistent Pollutants in Urban Soil
Authors: Zubkova A , Abrosimov I
Published: June 2019

The paper presents an analysis of the content of PAHs and total petroleum hydrocarbons in the urban soil of the Kazan city (Russia). The soil was sampled in the areas of vehicles and industrial impact. There was no exceeding of standards neither by the sum of PAHs not by the individual compounds. Compounds with high-molecular-weight, which indicates a pyrolytic origin of their intake from air aerosols during fuel combustion, made the main contribution to the sum of PAHs content. The relative uniformity of the PAHs content in the soil was determined with the exception of the area with a high traffic activity, where the excess of the standards were 3.2 and 96 times for the sum of PAHs and benzo(a)pyrene respectively. The average content of total petroleum hydrocarbons did not exceed the regional standards in urban soil.
The Improvement of Conceptual and Categorical Framework for the Classification of Objects of Cadastral Registration
Authors: Kharitonov A A , Ershova Natalia V , Vikin Sergei S.
Published: June 2019

The analysis of the current legislation concerning the State Real Estate Cadastre shows that in practice the technical inventory system still exists in parallel to the State cadastral registration system. Moreover, the procedures of technical inventory and State cadastral registration are carried out in declarative order, which does not allow a timely replenishment of the tax base, in consequence of which a substantial sum of money is drained annually from the State treasury. As part of research the authors reveal that one of the major legislative lacunae is the absence of clear concepts and classification features of objects of cadastral registration, which should be completely identical to the objects of taxation. The authors propose a conceptual and categorical framework for classifying the objects in order to avoid the confusion of concepts concerning the objects of cadastral registration from the point of view of their category of importance or solidity, and eventually to form a unified approach to registration and subsequent taxation of such objects. The paper presents the suggestions on taking the real estate inventory, which due to information exchange will allow creating and updating the database of the State Real Estate Cadastre and the taxable base, by extension.
Method of Calculating the Wear, ROP and PDC Bit Operating Time
Authors: Tretyak A A , Borisov K A , Grossu A N
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the questions of the operating time calculation technique for the cutting PDC element of cylindrical shape. The results of laboratory studies of PDC plates in the accelerated material testing facility (AMT-2) are presented in the course of experimental studies, wear of the cutting elements over time, the relationship between the abrasiveness of the rock and the development of the PDC cutting element has been studied. The carried out researches allowed not only to confirm some existing experimental results, but also to propose a new dependence of PDC wear prediction in different rocks, rate of penetration and bit operating time in order to predict the rate of penetration. This largely determines the economic efficiency of the drilling process, greatly simplifying the forecasting of the bit wear.
Assessing the Impact of Inundation Preventing Construction on River Morphology of Can Giuoc River in Long An Province
Authors: Nguyet L M , Kandasamy Jaya , Minh D Q
Published: June 2019

To attend to inundation prevention in Ho Chi Minh city, the Prime Minister approved the irrigation plan to prevent inundation in which there is a solution of constructing Thu Bo tidal drainage in Long An province. Thu Bo drainage is expected to have a total width of 200m, including 120m with drainage threshold -8m and 80m with drainage threshold -4,0m. Thu Bo drainage will be constructed on Can Giuoc River which is a national waterway that has been planned (two level 3 waterways from Ho Chi Minh city to Kien Luong and to Ca Mau). The article presents the result of MIKE 21 model study to assess the impact of inundation preventing construction on river morphology of Can Giuoc River in Long An province. The result indicates that the location of the drainage has caused local erosion due to narrow riverbed, flow velocity here increases, hence there are erosions in front of and behind the drainage. The sphere of erosion influence causes riverbed modification towards the upstream and downstream about 180 – 200m, especially in the time of drainage operation, there are significant differences between the upstream and downstream water level, which causes local erosion, therefore it is essential to have riverbed and river bank strengthening reinforcement measures to stabilize riverbed.
Analysis of Build-Up of Pollutants in Bottom Deposits and Their Environmental Impact
Authors: Larin D , Staseva E , Pchelnikov I
Published: June 2019

Problem immediacy. Modern environmental situation in Rostov region is characterized by great pollution supply in the open air, industrial and household waste production, and presence of waste and surface watercourses. The main sources of pollution are motor transport, industrial and public utility companies in the region. Bottom deposits are generators of pollutants that are entering to water bodies. Whereas it determines the immediacy of research of their specific aspects, structures, chemical constitution and material composition and their impact on ecosystems as well.

Purpose. Researching of build-up of pollutants in bottom deposits and analysis of their environmental impact.

Object of research: Bottom deposits in water bodies of Rostov region.

Subject of research: Analysis of heavy metal accumulation in bottom deposits in water bodies

Methods. Toxico-chemical agents’ extraction in bottom deposits in water bodies of Rostov regions was performed in accordance with GOST 17.1.5.01-80, RD 52.18.191-89 based on atomic-and-absorption analysis.

Results. Problem of pollution of bottom deposits is a result of human impact on the environment. Bottom deposits owing to their high set sorption properties could be thought of as an integrated indicator of man-caused impact to water supplies. Survey findings shows that there are toxic heavy metals such as copper, lead, zinc, nickel, cadmium in bottom deposits composition in water bodies of Rostov region. Index of impact of pollutants in bottom deposits on natural ecosystems is excess of their concentration over MAC (maximum allowable concentration).

Findings: Survey findings shows the serious overrun of MAC of heavy metals in bottom deposits composition in water bodies of Rostov region. This points to necessity of survey of economy heavy metals recovery techniques and bottom deposits detoxification methods. This problem’s solution is the most pressing thing not only for Rostov region but the whole Russia.
Nanodispersing and Hardening in Technology of Selective Laser Melting of Metallic Powders
Authors: Zhukov A , Barakhtin B , Bobyr V , Kuznetsov P
Published: June 2019

The structure of materials produced by selective laser melting from metal powders of different chemical composition is analyzed. For all samples obtained by melting, studies showed an increase in the strength characteristics over similar indices of monolithic samples of identical chemical composition. In the set experiments, the effects of the anisotropy of the properties, due to the samples growth direction, and hardening, which linearly increased with increasing of the laser energy, were recorded. A phenomenological model of phase nuclei formation is formulated by the mechanism of condensation of metal vapors formed above the melting zone. Completeness of the crystallization process determines the quality of the material obtained. It has been established that nanoparticles of vapor condensation above the melting zone and the peculiarity of the structure of materials obtained by selective laser melting, in the form of a combination of ultradispersed particles of a condensed state and needle-like crystallites (ultrafine-grained structure of crystallization) are factors of strength enhancement. The ultra-fine-grained structure of the needle-shaped species is formed by the mechanism of epitaxy at the stage of crystallization in microvolumes with a melt, depending on the temperature conditions.
Analysis of the Acoustically Noise Situation in an Urbanized Area in the Presence of Vehicular and Industrial Noise
Authors: Bulkin V V , Khromulina T D , Kirillov I N
Published: June 2019

Acoustic noise is now becoming one of the important problems of the technosphere. The source of such noise in the streets of large cities is mainly motor transport, as well as industrial enterprises located in the city and construction sites. In the report some results of monitoring of acoustic pollution of the big industrially developed cities (on the example of the city of Murom) are considered. Monitoring is carried out with the help of a combined ecology-meteorological system. The measurement errors due to the standard octave analysis procedure with a control at central weighted frequencies are analyzed. It is shown that the application of the full spectral analysis using the fast Fourier transform allows us to compensate for these errors. The features of the construction of the measuring channel used in the monitoring procedure are considered. Some results of analysis of the spectrum and levels of acoustic noise on the streets of the city at different periods of the day are given. It is shown that in the most heavily loaded areas of the city, combining the activity of traffic flows and the functioning of industrial enterprises, the maximum values of sound pressure level of acoustic noise can reach 100 dB. Both maximum and average values of sound pressure are analyzed from the point of view of their compliance with the current sanitary norms. The conclusion is made that the actual noise levels exceed the maximum permissible levels for open spaces.
Contemporary Transport System of Kazan and Perm: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Merkushev S A , Khusnutdinova S R , Popov A V
Published: June 2019

Transport infrastructure is an important element of urban infrastructure, which affects the expansion of employment opportunities, accessibility and comfort of the urbiculture, and “failures” in the organization of the transport system, the choice of urban mode of transport may negatively affect the territorial-functional structure city, its sustainable development and lead to “alienation” of suburban areas, which is especially important in the agglomeration development of cities with a million population. In recent decades subway system, urban railways, street and high-speed tram, light rail, not only quickly develop basing on new technology, but more closely interact with each other and other species. One of the most important factors in the effectiveness of the combined system is cooperation between many city actors. Perm and Kazan have prerequisites for strengthening the integration of existing rail transport systems. However, there is a high probability that as a result of ill- considered management decisions, these chances, as well as the opportunities for a cardinal improvement in the transport situation, may be missed, which already leads to an aggravation of urban transport problems in the medium term. The completion of the large tram ring in Kazan is justified in terms of reducing the loss of the consumer due to the increase in travel time, the untapped potential of the tram network will decrease slightly. In Perm, the introduction of a combined rail transport system is advisable, both from the point of view of increasing the reliability of the tram network operation, and from the point of view of overcoming consumer losses due to an increase in their stay en route. The argument given in favor of the development of modern types of rail transport in two millionaires is undoubtedly regarded as one of the components of the rationale for the development of the mentioned types of transport in these cities, which should be the result of further interdisciplinary scientific research.
Methods and Methodology of Railroad Natural Technogenic Complexes and Their Structures Assessment
Authors: Strelkov A , Teplykh S , Gorshkalev P
Published: June 2019

The paper considers railroad natural technogenic complexes (RNTC) and their engineering systems, such as: technogenic system, structure of natural-industrial railway system, natural-technogenic systems, borders of natural-industrial railway system and RNTC within the framework of a binary system.
Sanitary Protection Zones of Sewage Waste-Disposal Plants and Their Justification
Authors: Chernosvitov M D , Gorshkalev P A , Porshina E G
Published: June 2019

Sanitary protection zone (SPZ) are established around sources of negative impact on environment and human health. Such sources include sewage waste-disposal plants and sewage pumping stations. Existing specification documents overlook some points in the establishment of SPZ. As watsewater treatment plants construction take places in cramped conditions it is necessary to justify their reduction. The paper describes experience of such a reduction and offers additions to specification documents.
Validation of Some Elements of the New Model of the Nepa-Peleduy Arch Subsurface Structure of the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise in the East of the Siberian Platform
Authors: Marsanova M R , Berzin A G , Sitnikov V S , Berzin S A
Published: June 2019

The studies were carried out on the Nepa-Peleduy arch (NPA) of the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise, the territory strategically important for the Russian Federation, where large and unique hydrocarbon deposits were discovered including those for the ESPO oil pipeline and the “Siberian Force” gas pipeline, which is under construction. The problem is in increasing the oil resource volume, as the hydrocarbon potential of the sedimentary mantle is largely exhausted. The evidence for the hypothesis by B.A. Sokolov, the Corresponding Member of the RAS, that the allochthonous crystal plate overlapping the aulacogen with Riphean deposits underlies in NPA, opens the possibility of increasing the hydrocarbon reserves in the “subfoundation” formations in the arch. Moreover, it can as clarify the controversial nature of the NPA deposits, which sedimentary mantle lacks deposits with a high content of organic carbon . We observe the Hilbert transform of the time section of the CDP method for the fragment of the “Batolith- 1” geotraverse, passing through the Katanga Saddle, the NPA and the Cis-Patom foredeep, and geophysical materials and the data of the wells on it. Based on the original constructions on geological and geophysical data and modeling, related to the development of the abovementioned hypothesis arguments for confirming the existence of a crystalline plate opened by the wells at the base of the NPA and the reality of the development of the Lower Vendian and Riphean deposits beneath it were obtained. The inversion paleorift’s western side position is outlined, the thickness of the plate and the oilfield characteristics of the deposits under it predicted are estimated, which can serve as a justification for the expediency of exploration of “subfoundation” deposits.
Laser Systems for the Pollutants Control in the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Dyachenko V V , Chartiy P V , Shemanin V G
Published: June 2019

The questions of the laser technologies application in oil and gas industry and the scope of laser systems for the atmosphere, sea and underground waters control are considered in this article. Options of creation and using of the lidar for environmental monitoring, technological control and search of the hydrocarbons fields in various natural and technogenic conditions are offered. The main attention is paid to the Raman lidar for the sensing of the oil hydrocarbon molecules in the atmosphere. It is shown that such a lidar measurement time for the 1015 cm−3 concentration of the studied molecules at the ranging distance up to 200 m doesn’t exceed 265 microseconds. Creation of the fluorescent lidar for the sea water and the underground waters of the coastal area monitoring will allow to solve a problem of their pollution. Recording of the pollutants concentration spatial distribution can serve as the basic data for the solution of the inverse problem of the identification of pollution sources. The suggested methods have simple hardware realization and allow to diagnose the high-concentrated flows of the weighed particles and also hydrocarbons in the sea and underground waters.
Thermal Treatment of Reservoir as One of the Powerful Method of Shale Formation Development in Russia
Authors: Gorshkov A M , Khomyakov I S
Published: June 2019

World interest in shale oil has provoked high attention to Russian unconventional resources, to which, the Bazhenov Formation (Western Siberia) primarily belongs. Depletion drive type development of the Bazhenov Formation allows producing only 3% of geological reserves. One of the potential method for increasing oil recovery in the Bazhenov Formation is the thermal treatment, which, according to experts, allows rising oil recovery factor to 30-40%. Laboratory tests are needed to successfully introduce new thermal methods for development shale reservoirs in Russia. These tests would allow scientifically and technically substantiating technological parameters of in-situ pyrolysis. This work is concerned with investigation of high temperatures effects on reservoir properties of Bazhenov Formation rocks. Reservoir properties of the Bazhenov Formation were determined on crushed core by the GRI method. It is shown that, the open porosity and matrix permeability are increased in several times with rising temperature.
Current State and Prospects of Shale Gas Production
Authors: Shcherba V A , Butolin A P , Zieliński A
Published: June 2019

The article compares the technologically recoverable reserves of shale gas as an unconventional resource of hydrocarbon raw materials in various countries of the world. An assessment is made of the use of horizontal well drilling in combination with hydraulic fracturing of the formation during shale gas production, characterized by the level of technology that allows the most efficient extraction of this resource in the US, Canada, China and Argentina. The article outlines perspectives for the development of shale gas in the near and distant future and shows the obstacles to the development of the oil shale industry in some countries. The basic geo-ecological problems in the development of shale gas: the contamination of surface water and soil, groundwater pollution, gas emissions, seismic risks. The ways of solving these problems are primarily through the use of new field development technologies, the implementation of integrated monitoring safety equipment, taking into account local and regional conditions and the condition of the geological environment.
Ways of Conservation the Natural Environment and the Intensification of Logging Round Timber
Authors: Yakimovich S B , Teterina M A
Published: June 2019

The ways of working, schemes and parameters of machine systems for harvesting, round timber that provide for sustainable forest management by preserving the productivity of the forest environment, increasing productivity and reducing energy consumption are considered.
Tools of Engineering and Environmental Survey of the Territory and Bank Protection Structures (On the Example of the Crimean Coast)
Authors: Vetrova N , Ryvkina O , Mennanov E
Published: June 2019

The urgency of improving methods of engineering and environmental survey of shore protection objects is determined by their existing disruptions, which violate environmental safety as a whole and create a danger for organization of tourism on the coast. The purpose of the study is to specify method of processing information on ecologically significant regularities of processes on the coast, which should be taken into account in the design of biopositive shore protection structures, based on in situ examination of coastal zones and the state of shore protection structures in the Crimea. During the monitoring, methods of field photo-fixation (in dynamics for 2015-2018), mathematical modeling (in determining the area of coast and beach loss), statistical generalizations (when identifying trends in the state of the coast ecology) are used. As a result, the nature and extent of deformations of the coastal zone of the sea and shore protection structures on the coast of the Kalamita Bay of the Black Sea in the area of the village of Peschanoe are identified. The loss of the coastal zone as a result of violations of reinforced concrete shore protection structures by 70-90%, as well as changes in beach areas (erosion, shortening of width, change in the quality of beach material) are revealed. The modeling of the process in the cliff in the zone of influence of the shore protection structures is performed. Studies have made it possible to assess the degree of influence of the technospheric elements (slope-step wave exclusion design) on the ecological state of the coastal zone and to determine the parameters of the organization of engineering and environmental monitoring in the development and operation of shore protection structures, using software.
Risk Assessment of Accidents at Coal Mining Enterprises, Using the Automated System of Calculation of Fault Tree and Event
Authors: Mikhaylova O V , Chmeleva K V , Chshekhtman V E
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the methodological approach to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the risk of a hazardous production facility, which is regulated by the current legal documentation in Russia. In this case, quantitative methods of failure tree analysis and event tree analysis are highlighted. The article shows possible variants of construction of listed trees for coal mines. The description of the automated system of calculation of trees of failures and events developed in Novokuznetsk Institute (branch) of Kemerovo state University is given. This software product allows you to build these trees with the help of Microsoft Visio, and then calculate the probability of failures and events that caused the accident at each site of the mine and the entire enterprise as a whole and draw up the results of the calculation in the form of a table in automatic mode. Examples of trees construction and results of calculation of probability of occurrence of failures and the events received with use of the described automated system for the concrete enterprise are resulted.