bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial of Healthy Families Arizona
Authors: LeCroy Craig Winston , Davis Melinda F.
Published: March 2016

Home visitation has the potential to improve parent, child, and maternal outcomes and has become a widely implemented prevention program across the United States. The purpose of this research was to use a randomized controlled trial to assess the short-term effectiveness of the Arizona Healthy Families program across a range of outcomes. Two hundred and forty-five families were randomly assigned to the experimental group (Healthy Families) or control group (Child Development assessment only). Results revealed significant findings across four domains including safety and resources, parenting attitudes and behaviors, health and maternal outcomes, and mental health and coping. These results were further corroborated with an analysis of qualitative findings that analyzed linguistic differences between how the treatment and control group described their parenting. These results add to the existing literature on the effectiveness of the Healthy Families model of home visitation.
Doing Interdisciplinary Mixed Methods Health Care Research
Authors: Hesse-Biber Sharlene
Published: March 2016

Current trends in health care research point to a shift from disciplinary models to interdisciplinary team-based mixed methods inquiry designs. This keynote address discusses the problems and prospects of creating vibrant mixed methods health care interdisciplinary research teams that can harness their potential synergy that holds the promise of addressing complex health care issues. We examine the range of factors and issues these types of research teams need to consider to facilitate efficient interdisciplinary mixed methods team-based research. It is argued that concepts such as disciplinary comfort zones, a lack of attention to team dynamics, and low levels of reflexivity among interdisciplinary team members can inhibit the effectiveness of a research team. This keynote suggests a set of effective strategies to address the issues that emanate from the new field of research inquiry known as team science as well as lessons learned from tapping into research on organizational dynamics.
The Effect of Piano Playing on Preservice Teachers’ Ability to Detect Errors in a Choral Score
Authors: Napoles Jessica , Babb Sandra L. , Bowers Judy , Hankle Steven , Zrust Adam
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine and empirically test the pedagogical claim that playing the piano while listening to choral singers impedes error detection ability. In a within-subjects design, participants ( N = 55 preservice teachers) either listened to four excerpts of choral hymns or played a single part (soprano/bass) on the piano while listening. They were asked to locate the errors that occurred in these excerpts. Each excerpt contained a pitch and a rhythm error, in the soprano and bass voice parts. Results of an analysis of covariance (with years of piano study as the covariate) indicated significant main effects for condition and voicing. There were more errors detected in the soprano voicing than in the bass voicing, and more errors detected in the listen condition than in the playing condition. Implications for music teacher education are discussed, including adding practice in error detection activities to methods and conducting courses.
Using Enrichment Clusters to Address the Needs of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Learners
Authors: Allen Jennifer K. , Robbins Margaret A. , Payne Yolanda Denise , Brown Katherine Backes
Published: March 2016

Using data from teacher interviews, classroom observations, and a professional development workshop, this article explains how one component of the schoolwide enrichment model (SEM) has been implemented at a culturally diverse elementary school serving primarily Latina/o and African American students. Based on a broadened conception of giftedness, the SEM incorporates enrichment clusters, which are designed to expose students to a variety of topics that would not ordinarily be covered in the regular curriculum. The goal of enrichment clusters is for students to engage in active learning under the direction of the cluster facilitator, who encourages inductive and cooperative approaches to problem-solving and higher order thinking skills. At our investigation site, enrichment clusters are inclusive of all students, providing access to gifted methods and challenging curricula for Latina/o and African American students, who are typically underrepresented in gifted programming.
Sexual Violence Against Female and Male Children in the United Republic of Tanzania
Authors: Vagi Kevin J. , Brookmeyer Kathryn A. , Gladden R. Matthew , Chiang Laura F. , Brooks Andrew , Nyunt Myo-Zin , Kwesigabo Gideon , Mercy James A. , Dahlberg Linda L.
Published: March 2016

During a household survey in Tanzania, a nationally representative sample of females and males aged 13-24 years reported any experiences of sexual violence that occurred before the age of 18 years. The authors explore the prevalence, circumstances, and health outcomes associated with childhood sexual violence. The results suggest that violence against children in Tanzania is pervasive, with roughly three in 10 females and one in eight males experiencing some form of childhood sexual violence, and its health consequences are severe. Results are being used by the Tanzanian government to implement a National Plan of Action.
Using distributional semantics in loanword research: A concept-based approach to quantifying semantic specificity of Anglicisms in Spanish
Authors: Serigos Jacqueline
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectives:

This study aims to redress the paucity of research on the semantics of loanwords, by extending and empirically testing Backus’s ((2001). The role of semantic specificity in insertional codeswitching: Evidence from Dutch-Turkish. Jacobson, Rodolfo (Hg): Codeswitching Worldwide. Bd, 2, 125–154) Specificity Hypothesis – ‘Embedded language elements in code-switching have a high degree of semantic specificity’ (p. 128).

Approach:

Adopting a concept-based approach to examine loanwords in a large, reliable corpus, the study pursues the following question: Do loanwords have a high degree of semantic specificity relative to their receiving-language equivalents? Specificity is operationalized as an entropy measure of the target word’s environment, the assumption being that more specific words have less variety in their surrounding context.

Data and analysis:

To test this hypothesis, Anglicisms in a 24-million-word newspaper corpus of Argentine Spanish were processed in three stages: detecting loanwords, selecting semantic equivalents, and measuring specificity.

Findings/conclusions:

A Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test revealed that loanwords receive significantly lower entropy scores, that is, they are more specific than their Spanish equivalents. The results suggest a possible motive for adopting loanwords when terms already exist in the source language, namely, to utilize words that provide more nuanced meaning.

Originality:

Methodologically, this study offers innovative applications of computational methods to loanword research, employing a distributional model to measure entropy. Theoretically, it addresses an underrepresented aspect of loanword adoption, semantics, by extending Backus’s hypothesis to loanwords and increasing its scope to data often viewed as ‘monolingual’.

Significance/implications:

The conclusions offer novel perspectives on loanwords with existing semantic equivalents, often viewed as ‘unnecessary’ when compared to loanwords that introduce new concepts into the recipient language (e.g. blog). With the notion of specificity, we may understand these loanwords as disruptors to the semantic system of the recipient language, dividing up the semantic space formerly occupied solely by the native equivalent, thus increasing the level of nuance expressed in the original concept.
Offender and/or client? Fuzzy institutional identities in prison-based drug treatment in Denmark
Authors: Nielsen Bjarke , Kolind Torsten
Published: March 2016

The last 20 years has witnessed a rise in prison-based drug treatment in Nordic countries. This increase has challenged the prominence of the punitive prison, and created changes in the roles of both clients and staff. This article explores the development of two institutional inmate identities: the offender and the client, which have occurred as a consequence of this shift in prison policy. However, in their institutional narratives and daily practice both prison officers and counsellors often fluctuate when addressing inmates as offenders and/or clients. This fluctuation creates a “fuzzy” dynamic. These institutional identities are characterized, on the one hand, by inmates being dealt with by counsellors as ‘real people' and ‘equals’, but simultaneously counsellors are resorting to the control opportunities allowed by the prison authorities such as urine tests and the use of isolation cells. On the other hand, prison officers handle inmates within a disciplinary logic, while concurrently dealing with them as inmates deserving a fair chance – a view resonant with the drug treatment ideology applied in prisons.
Hell to pay: Religion and punitive ideology among the American public
Authors: Baker Joseph O , Booth Alexis L
Published: March 2016

Historically, religious frameworks—particularly conceptions of evil—have been tied to attitudes about criminal behavior and its corresponding punishment, yet views of transcendent evil have not been explored in the empirical literature on religion and punitive ideology. We examine whether and how different aspects of religiosity shape punitive attitudes, using a national sample of Americans. For both general punitiveness and views of capital punishment, belief in the existence and power of transcendent religious evil (e.g. Satan and hell) is strongly associated with greater punitiveness, while higher levels of religious practice (service attendance, prayer, and reading sacred scriptures) reduces punitiveness. The effects of other aspects of religiosity on punitiveness such as self-identified fundamentalism, scriptural literalism, and images of God are rendered spurious by accounting for perceptions of evil. We discuss these findings in light of cultural and comparative approaches to penology, arguing for the inclusion of conceptions of the “transgressive” sacred in studies of, and theories about, penal populism.
Material characterisation of lightweight disc brake rotors
Authors: Alnaqi Abdulwahab A , Kosarieh Shahriar , Barton David C , Brooks Peter C , Shrestha Suman
Published: March 2016

Alumina coated lightweight brake rotors were investigated to evaluate the effect of coating properties on their friction performance and thermal durability. An alumina ceramic coating on AA6082 aluminium alloy (Al-Alloy) and on 6061/40SiC aluminium metal matrix composite (Al-MMC) prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation was studied using a programme of brake dynamometer and material characterisation tests. The results showed that the plasma electrolytic oxidation alumina layer adhered well to the Al-alloy substrate and was more uniform and durable when compared to that on the aluminium metal matrix composite. The plasma electrolytic oxidation layer significantly improved the hardness of the rotor surface for both Al-alloy and aluminium metal matrix composite substrate. The coated Al-alloy disc brake rotor was demonstrated to give good thermal and friction performance up to high rubbing surface temperatures of the order of 550 ℃, but the rotor eventually failed due to temperature build-up at a critical location.
Evaluation of ‘Dementia Friends’ programme for undergraduate nursing students: Innovative practice
Authors: Mitchell Gary , McGreevy Jessie , Carlisle Susan , Frazer Pamela , Traynor Marian , Lundy Heather , Diamond Monica , Agnelli Joanne
Published: March 2016

The ‘dementia friends’ programme was launched by the Alzheimer’s Society in the UK two years ago with the purpose of educating members of the public about the things they can do which can enhance the lives of people living with dementia. The aim of this project was to deliver a two-hour ‘Dementia Friendly Community Workshop’ written by the Alzheimer’s Society, to an entire cohort of first-year undergraduate nursing students in one Higher Education Institutions in Northern Ireland. Following delivery of the programme, students were asked to complete a short questionnaire on their knowledge and confidence in relation to dementia care before and after the Dementia Friendly Community programme. A total of 322 undergraduate first-year nursing students took part in the Dementia Friendly Community programme. Of these, 304 returned questionnaires; 31.25% of students stated their perceived improvement in dementia knowledge was ‘good’ while 49.01% stated their perceived improvement in dementia knowledge was ‘very good’ and 13.49% stated their perceived improvement in dementia knowledge was ‘excellent’. In relation to confidence in engaging with people with dementia, 31.91% stated ‘good’ improvement, 40.79% stated ‘very good’ improvement and 11.84% stated ‘excellent’ improvement. The Dementia Friendly Community programme was positively reviewed by the undergraduate students as it enhanced knowledge and confidence in relation to care of someone living with dementia.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not a risk factor for polyneuropathy: A prospective controlled study
Authors: Visser Nora A , Notermans Nicolette C , Teding van Berkhout Ferdinand , van den Berg Leonard H , Vrancken Alexander FJE
Published: March 2016

Polyneuropathy has been observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). If polyneuropathy occurs as a complication or extrapulmonary manifestation of COPD, one would expect an increased prevalence among patients with a cryptogenic axonal polyneuropathy. This case–control study aimed to investigate the association between COPD and polyneuropathy. We prospectively included 345 patients with cryptogenic axonal polyneuropathy and 465 controls. A standardized questionnaire assessed the presence of COPD and we verified this diagnosis by contacting the family physician. The severity of COPD was based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease classification. The prevalence of COPD did not differ between patients with polyneuropathy and controls (15/345 vs. 12/465 respectively; odds ratio (OR) 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.8–3.7]). Adjusting for age, gender and possible confounders did not affect these results (adjusted OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.7–4.1). The severity of COPD was similar between patients with polyneuropathy and controls. This study does not support the hypothesis that COPD is a risk factor for polyneuropathy.
The Obesities
Authors: Drenowatz Clemens
Published: March 2016

This article provides a commentary on the article titled “The Obesities: An Overview of Convergent and Divergent Paradigms” by Karasu. Addressing the concept of obesity from various viewpoints, the article reflects the multicausal nature of a problem many societies are facing. Despite the ongoing controversy on who is to blame for the obesity epidemic, the underlying concept of obesity remains an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. These 2 components, therefore, need to be considered in synchrony rather than being separated. Similarly, the complex interaction between individual, environmental, and physiological constraints warrants a multidisciplinary approach to enhance the understanding of the regulation of energy balance rather than a separation into several different areas of “obesities.”
Stroke incidence, prevalence and mortality in women worldwide
Authors: Arnao Valentina , Acciarresi Monica , Cittadini Elisabetta , Caso Valeria
Published: March 2016

Background

The study of sex differences on stroke incidence, prevalence and mortality is an emerging field of stroke epidemiology and care.

Aims

This study sought to determine the information available on stroke epidemiology in women worldwide and possible sex differences in stroke epidemiology, and, if so, describe the nature of these differences and whether they are consistent across countries/groups of countries.

We searched the available literature in English published between 1 January 2008 and 5 May 2015. Out of 17.789 papers only 56 peer-reviewed papers (29 community-based studies, 17 retrospective studies, 6 reviews, and 4 cross-sectional studies) have been included in the study. This review adopted the epidemiologic transition theory, which classifies countries into four stages according to their levels of industrialization and economy. For the first and second stages, reliable registries and health certification are lacking, and therefore our sought after data were very limited. In the third stage, specifically for Eastern Europe (post-socialist countries), the burden from stroke in women was on the rise, while in the fourth stage, despite an aging population, decreases in stroke incidence, prevalence and mortality have been observed, even in subjects older than 80 years for both sexes. However, regarding studies of US populations, these trends for women were less pronounced for African Americans, and Hispanics as well as Indians. This suggests a “gender-gap” regarding access to treatment and care. In conclusion, identifying the presence of differing global burden between the sexes will allow us to better understand how to prevent, treat, and manage both men and women.
Therapy satisfaction and adherence in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: the THEPA-MS survey
Authors: Haase Rocco , Kullmann Jennifer S. , Ziemssen Tjalf
Published: March 2016

Background:

Improved clinical effectiveness and therefore positive modification of multiple sclerosis (MS) with basic therapy can be achieved by long-term regular intake of drugs as prescribed but investigations have shown that a high percentage of patients do not take their medications as prescribed.

Objectives:

We assessed the satisfaction and adherence of patients with MS with their current disease-modifying treatment under clinical practice conditions. We compared different facets of satisfaction as well as their internal relationship and identified predictors in an exploratory manner.

Methods:

Therapy satisfaction in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (THEPA-MS) was a noninterventional, prospective cross-sectional study performed throughout Germany in 2013 and 2014, and included patients with clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing–remitting MS. We applied a standardized approach to document satisfaction and adherence by patient-reported outcomes (Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication) as well as by physician ratings.

Results:

Of 3312 patients with a mean age of 43.7 years, 73.3% were women and the mean level of disability according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale was 2.29; 13.3% did not receive any medication at the time of documentation, 21.3% received interferon β1a intramuscularly, 20.7% had interferon β1a subcutaneously, 17.0% had interferon β1b subcutaneously and 23.7% had glatiramer acetate. Adherence rates varied between 60% (lifetime) and 96.5% (current medication). Differences between current medications were found for side effects and convenience scores but not for effectiveness, satisfaction and adherence. Higher global satisfaction and effectiveness were associated with fewer relapses, longer duration of medication, lower disability score and the absence of several side effects.

Conclusion:

In a connected model of patient satisfaction, effectiveness, side effects, convenience and adherence, patients’ individual needs and concerns have to be addressed. Most differences were found with respect to side effects and convenience of treatment. Therefore, an improvement in these two domains seems to be the most promising proximate approach to elevate adherence levels.
Politeness Strategies Used in Text Messaging
Authors: Eshghinejad Shahrzad , Moini M. Raouf
Published: March 2016

One aspect of short message service (SMS) communication through a cell phone is use of politeness strategies. As it is extensively argued that females are more polite language users, the present study sought to describe the strategies used by these two groups and to find out whether there is any significant difference between male and female English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in the use of positive and negative politeness strategies in sending SMS to their professors, considering that there is an asymmetric power relation and social distance between them. To this end, a corpus of 300 L1 (Persian) and L2 (English) request messages was compiled. Results of qualitative and quantitative data analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups. Results of the study have implication in politeness research.
Pediatric Cancer Recognition Training in Botswana
Authors: Slone Jeremy S. , Ishigami Elise , Mehta Parth S.
Published: March 2016

Delayed presentation of children with cancer is a significant barrier to improving the survival from children’s cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Botswana, a country of approximately 2 million people in southern Africa, has only 1 pediatric cancer treatment program, based at Princess Marina Hospital (PMH) in the capital of Gaborone. A pediatric cancer recognition training program was developed that reached 50% of the government hospitals in Botswana teaching 362 health care workers how to recognize and refer children with cancer to PMH. Through evaluation of attendees, limitations in pediatric cancer training and general knowledge of pediatric cancer were identified. Attendees demonstrated improvement in their understanding of pediatric cancer and the referral process to PMH following the workshop.
University Vocal Training and Vocal Health of Music Educators and Music Therapists
Authors: Baker Vicki D. , Cohen Nicki
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to describe the university vocal training and vocal health of music educators and music therapists. The participants ( N = 426), music educators ( n = 351) and music therapists ( n = 75), completed a survey addressing demographics, vocal training, voice usage, and vocal health. Both groups reported singing at least 50% of the work day; moreover, music educators complained of vocal fatigue and hoarseness at the end of the week. Music educators expressed concern about their vocal health, due to the unique demands of music instruction and large classes. A majority of participants, particularly instrumental concentration majors, expressed a desire for more career-focused vocal training. Results suggest that additional university training in vocal health could help prevent vocal abuse and misuse among music educators and therapists; furthermore, music educators may be better qualified to promote healthy singing among developing voices.
Preparation of PEO coating on Ti6Al4V in different electrolytes and evaluation of its properties
Authors: Khanmohammadi H. , Allahkaram S. R. , Towhidi N. , Rashidfarokhi A. M.
Published: March 2016

The aim of this work is to discuss the effect of different amounts of NaF in electrolyte on structure, corrosion resistance and wear behaviour of the prepared ceramic coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique. PEO process was carried out under constant current of 2 A, frequency of 1 kHz, anodic duty cycle of 45% and cathodic duty cycle of 25% using a pulse bipolar power supply. TiO2 based coatings were prepared from three aluminate base electrolytes containing various amount of NaF (0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 g L−1). Phase composition, surface morphology and thickness of the resultant coatings were examined by means of X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that solution composition and process time have a great effect on thickness and surface porosity of the coatings. Corrosion resistance and wear properties of the coatings were in a good accordance with structural properties.
Post-chikungunya chronic inflammatory rheumatism: results from a retrospective follow-up study of 283 adult and child cases in La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia
Authors: Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Gil-Restrepo Andrés F. , Ramírez-Jaramillo Valeria , Montoya-Arias Cindy P. , Acevedo-Mendoza Wilmer F. , Bedoya-Arias Juan E. , Chica-Quintero Laura A. , Murillo-García David R. , García-Robledo Juan E. , Castrillón-Spitia Juan D. , Londoño Jose J. , Bedoya-Rendón Hector D. , Cárdenas-Pérez Javier de Jesús , Cardona-Ospina Jaime A. , Lagos-Grisales Guillermo J.
Published: March 2016

Objective: There are limited studies in Latin America regarding the chronic consequences of the Chikungunya virus (CHIK), such as post-CHIK chronic inflammatory rheumatism (pCHIK-CIR). We assessed the largest cohort so far of pCHIK-CIR in Latin America, at the municipality of La Virginia, Risaralda, a new endemic area of CHIK in Colombia.

Methods: We conducted a cohort retrospective study in Colombia of 283 patients diagnosed with CHIK that persisted with pCHIK-CIR after a minimum of 6 weeks and up to a maximum of 26.1 weeks. pCHIK cases were identified according to validated criteria via telephone.

Results: Of the total CHIK-infected subjects, 152 (53.7%) reported persistent rheumatological symptoms (pCHIK-CIR). All of these patients reported joint pains (chronic polyarthralgia, pCHIK-CPA), 49.5% morning stiffness, 40.6% joint edema, and 16.6% joint redness. Of all patients, 19.4% required and attended for care prior to the current study assessment (1.4% consulting rheumatologists). Significant differences in the frequency were observed according to age groups and gender. Patients aged >40 years old required more medical attention (39.5%) than those ≤40 years-old (12.1%) (RR=4.748, 95%CI 2.550-8.840).

Conclusions: According to our results, at least half of the patients with CHIK developed chronic rheumatologic sequelae, and from those with pCHIK-CPA, nearly half presented clinical symptoms consistent with inflammatory forms of the disease. These results support previous estimates obtained from pooled data of studies in La Reunion (France) and India and are consistent with the results published previously from other Colombian cohorts in Venadillo (Tolima) and Since (Sucre).
Literary tourism as a factor of intercultural communication (the case of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Armenia)
Authors: Галустян Ануш , Galustyan Anush
Published: March 2016

This article emphasizes the main role and importance of developing and maintaining intercultural relations between states. Intercultural communication appears in all spheres of modern society, being a major factor in the creation of cultural processes. Knowledge of other cultures is the step that allows recognizing the nature of the differences and treating others with a sense of mutual understanding and tolerance. It is necessary for a genuine intercultural dialogue, especially in the tourism industry. The author considers the concept of "cultural values" and "literary tourism"; the role and place of literature in the formation of human consciousness are defined. The author also considers the processes of creating "image" of the territory under the influence of literary tourism and the processes of establishment of inter-cultural and inter-state friendly relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Armenia. The stages of development and strengthening of literary relations between states are characterized in the article. Famous literary figures who contributed significantly to the enrichment of both their national literature, and in the development of relations between the two countries are specified.
Prerequisites for the development of food tourism in the Republic of Crimea
Authors: Сивошапка Юлия , Sivoshapka Yuliya
Published: March 2016

Following an analysis of factors which hinder the development of the regional tourism sector, for the purpose of the regional travel industry development the article justifies the need for development of a new product of the Crimean tourism industry – food tourism. The article explores the potential of the concept of food tourism promotion and development based on prospects available for the different parties concerned. To identify the parties concerned and their motives, the article has addressed conceptual issues relating to a connection between food tourism and tourism sector development; potential of food tourism as an instrument of region development; strategy to be evolved to encourage development of food tourism. It has been established that the parties interested in the origin and development of food tourism may be grouped into four separate categories depending on geographic scope of their operations, business profile and value of their interests: 1) “state regulatory authorities” – regional and municipal state authorities; 2) “food intermediaries” that comprise a wide range of the concerned market players involved in tourism and related sectors; 3) “farmers (producers) and restaurant keepers” involved in provision of food services or production, “public concerned” – volunteers involved in surveys, the findings of which may be used for the development of strategies. It has been found out that the development of food tourism in the Republic of Crimea requires consolidation of efforts, knowledge and capabilities of all the parties interested in the diversification of tourism product, extension of time frames of a high tourist season and increase in marketability of the regional tourism product, in particular, and tourism sector, in general.
PRINCIPLE OF AVOID REPEATED IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS FOR THE SAME OFFENSE
Authors: Василевич Сергей , Vasilevich Sergey
Published: March 2016

The article analyzes the contents of the principle of inadmissibility of re-bringing to legal liability for the same offense; features of its implementation are shown, taking into account a combination of various types of legal liability. The analysis shows that the current legislation and practice in this area is not quite balanced, there are issues that need to be resolved. The author concludes that the implementation of principle of inadmissibility of re-bringing to legal liability for the same offense in law and practice is essential for the formation of the state as a legal and democratic, respectful of the rights and freedoms of citizens, ensuring their right to a fair trial. This principle should be fixed in acts of criminal, administrative and labor legislation, with a base value for the resolution of aspects of legal liability. As an example the author proposes to consolidate that principle in the law on legal acts.
LEGAL INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ETHNIC GROUPS ON THE EXAMPLE OF PARTICULAR FEDERATIONS OF ASIA AND AFRICA
Authors: Блещик Александр , Bleshchik Aleksandr
Published: March 2016

This article dwells upon the certain theoretical issues of the legal institutionalization of ethnic groups including nations, peoples, tribes, etc. The article introduces the definition of legal institutionalization of ethnic groups basing on the definition of institutionalization which is commonly used in sociology and several legal sciences. The author describes the most popular forms of ethnic institutionalization within the context of global state-building experience. With a view of further comparative research the author pays special attention to the consideration of the issue of ethnic institutionalization in a federative state. Basing on the analysis of the different forms of ethnic institutionalization the article estimates the effectiveness of the ethno-political stabilization concerning the experience of multinational federations of Ethiopia, India and Iraq. The author also distinguishes the special features of the national federative models realized in abovementioned young federations.
INTERACTION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES WITH THE POPULATION AS A FACTOR OF NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Канатов Алмас , Kanatov Almas , Баранов Максим , Baranov Maksim
Published: March 2016

Various forms of cooperation between law enforcement authorities and the public (civil society) in the fight against offenses in order to strengthen national security are detailed in the article. Among the law enforcement agencies the following authorities are highlighted: the prosecuting authorities, internal affairs bodies, state fire service, anti-corruption service and the service of economic investigations, which are operating in accordance with the legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Certain aspects are researched, the principles for such interaction are proposed. Within counteract threats to national security the author fragmentarily emphasized in particular, social security, military security, political security, economic security, informational security and environmental safety. The role of inter-ministerial committees for prevention of offenses under the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the public councils under law enforcement bodies was distinguished. The authors note that the participation of public organizations in law enforcement activities of the state is provided by the Plan of measures on realization of the State Program of further modernization of the judicial system of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2014—2020. The mandatory learning of the basics of personal and public safety by citizens, involved in law enforcement activity and the need of methodological and logistical support is provided.
LEGAL REGULATION OF THE USE OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES BY PERSONS, NOT MARRIED AMONG THEMSELVES, IN RUSSIA AND THE USA
Authors: Назарова Анна , Nazarova Anna
Published: March 2016

This article is devoted to analysis of legal regulation of the use of assisted reproductive technologies by persons, not married among themselves, in the Russia and the United States. The purpose of this work is due to the increase in the number of actual marital relations in the modern world and the emergence of new ways of human reproduction. In Russia 13% of the adult population are in unregistered marriages. For best results of the investigation, the author used a comparative legal method, that allows to consider the experience of not only Russia, but also foreign countries. The author of the article examines the existing in Russia and the US versions of legal regulation of the use of assisted reproductive technologies by persons not married to each other. The author compares the regulation of the legal consequences of persons, married and non-married among themselves. As a result of the conducted research the author comes to the conclusion that in Russia the legal regulation of the effects of the use of assisted reproductive technologies differ depending on the marital status among themselves. Persons, who are not married, are not subject to special provisions of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, dedicated to regulation of the legal implications of the use of reproductive technologies. In the US it is fixed the same procedure for determining the origin of a child, conceived by nontraditional means, regardless of the status of persons in marriage.
VALUE OF PROJECT BEPS AND EU LAW: LIMITATION OF THE USE OF TAX TREATY BENEFITS
Authors: Леонова Ольга , Leonova Olga
Published: March 2016

This article is devoted to legal relations arising from application of international tax treaties. The subject matter of this article is the norms of international and European Law and also soft law designed for preventing treaty abuse. The author considers Article 22 of the Model US Tax Convention. According to the current recommendations of OECD in the framework of BEPS Project regarding preventing the granting of treaty benefits in inappropriate circumstances, this provision should be considered as legal base for including in the Model OECD Tax Convention. The author focuses on the issue whether the provision regarding limitation of treaty benefits is consistent with EU law and the established practice of the European Court of Justice. The methodological foundation of this article includes general and specific approaches of scientific knowledge. During preparation of this article the author used methods of legal, structural, comparative and linguistic analysis. Moreover, the author applied the technical method for analysis of texts and wordings of model international conventions and international tax treaties. The author analyzed the provision of the Model US Convention regarding limitation of treaty benefits, because it is expected to be included in all international treaties, including in treaties of EU member states in the framework of BEPS Project, elaborated by the OECD.
ISSUES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN NATIONAL AUTHORITIES AND AUTHORITIES OF INTEGRATION ASSOCIATION
Authors: Грачева Светлана , Gracheva Svetlana
Published: March 2016

The article analyzes the problems of strengthening and deepening of interstate cooperation and collaboration, which is expressed in the development of integration associations in various regions of the world, evaluates approaches to the models of management associations (often considered as a separate level of public authority) and their interaction with national authorities. This article reviews current issues of relationship and collaboration of national and intergovernmental bodies considering to various types of integration associations, examines the grounds and forms of their interaction, both in cooperation and in connection with the conflict situations. Also the article is dedicated to the linkages between certain organs within the associations, with particular attention paid to the problems of interaction of the supreme national and inter-state courts. Moreover there are an assessment of trends in the development of integration associations and approaches to their functioning taking into account modern realities. Problems of interaction between national authorities and authorities of integration association in different forms are often studied to bringing the experience of the specific integration associations, differing by scale spread, solidarity linkages within the union, sustainable development, etc. In particular, the article analyzes the example of the functioning of the European Union, which is the most successful supra-national integration union type, which allows to show hierarchical relationships subordinate authorities within the integration association. The author also refers to the experience of the Eurasian Economic Union, which illustrates control and coordination of management type within the union.
COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION POWERS OF SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors: Сафаров Джахонгир , Safarov Dzhakhongir , Рузиев Зафар , Ruziev Zafar
Published: March 2016

On the basis of the provisions of environmental legislation, as well as laws on local self-government of the United States, the European Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States the comparative legal analysis of the self-government authority in the field of environmental protection is given. The specifics of powers of citizens’ self-government institute (mahalla) in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the sphere of environmental protection are determined. The classification of the environmental authorities of self-government bodies in such four key areas as organizing and conducting of environmental education and conservation work on the ground, implementation of public environmental control, the realization of the economic mechanism of nature protection and management in the field of ecology is offered. The conclusion about the possibility of using of the rules laid down in the legislation of studied states in the domestic legislation is made. The priority areas for further extension of powers of environmental government agencies are proposed. The prospects for improving the legal rules for the participation of self-government bodies in the field of nature protection, the expansion of the powers of environmental authorities of the self-government bodies in the field of environmental rights of citizens, as well as the strengthening of mechanisms to ensure environmental information by the selfgovernment bodies are studied.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKH WHITE BREED HEIFERS AT DIET USE OF FEED ADDITIVES BIODARIN
Authors: Гизатова  , Gizatova Natalya
Published: March 2016

The research object is improvement of the productive qualities of heifers of Kazakh white breed by introducing additional to the basic diet of different doses of feed additives BioDarin. Protein-vitamin-mineral supplement BioDarin in its composition contains nutrients, micro- and macroelements, which are the source of energy, stimulate digestive processes, metabolism, growth and improve immunity, positive effect on animal performance. Currently of great practical and scientific importance is the use of the additive BioDarin for the correction of diet feeding. Scientific and economic experiment was carried out on the basis of JSC AIC «Alga+» Tuimazinsk district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. For the experiment there were formed 4 groups of heifers of Kazakh white-headed breed: group I – control; group II heifers in addition to the basic diet received a feed additive in a dose of 0.5 kg per 100 kg of grain mixture, the animals of group III received 1 kg of the feed additive per 100 kg of grain mixture, peers IV groups received 1.5 kg of a grain mixture. It is established that heifers of the III experienced group receiving feed additive BioDarin in the dose of 1.0 kg per 100 kg of grain mixture, had the best body weight, and average day growth.
THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDES WITH VARIOUS RANGE OF EFFECTS FOR STRESS RESISTANCE AND YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT SEEDS
Authors: Кудин  , Kudin Sergey , Кошеляев  , Koshelyaev Vitaliy , Кошеляева  , Koshelyaeva Irina
Published: March 2016

The aim of the research is to substantiate the scheme of plant protection of winter wheat against perennial and annual weeds, including monocotyledonous weed species. This scheme provides high grain yield and quality standardized seeds output. To achieve this goal the production experiment was conducted. The experiment was repeated three times, the location of the plots was systematic. The predecessor was peas. The main weeds of winter wheat were representatives of the classes: Asteraceae (field sowthistle, Canada thistle, chamomile odorless), ranging from 15% to 24%, Cabbage – Brassicaceae Burnett (field pennycress) – 7-14%, Goosefoot family – Chenopodiaceae (pigweed white) – 1-6%, Vonkova – Convolvulaceae (convolvulus arvensis) – 10-8% and Poaceae (PPE foxtail, millet, chicken, wild oat common) – from 24 to 42%. The species composition of the weed is suppressed almost completely when using the tank mixture of graminicide together with the broad-spectrum herbicide (Lastik Top 0.5 l/ga + Balerina 0.4 l/ga). In average, per years of research the biological efficiency of this variant was 96%. The plants of winter wheat under treatment of crops with protection means against weeds receive stress, which is manifested in a sharp decrease of chlorophyll concentration in the leaves. The inhibition of plants is manifested regardless of the application of graminicide, herbicide or tank mixtures. Under favorable weather conditions for plant growth and development the chlorophyll concentration in leaves restores after 8 days of applying plant protection means up to normal. The highest yield of winter wheat, maximum yield of quality standardized seeds and the propagation coefficient factor of varieties is formed when using a tank mix Lastik Top (0.5 l/ga) + Balerina (0.4 l/ga), regardless of variety and year of growing. The use of graminicide Lastik Top (0.5 l/ga) in tank mix with herbicide Balerina (0.4 l/ga) suppresses the development of monocotyledonous species of weeds of the same Botanical group that includes winter wheat. The second component tank mix herbicide Balerina suppresses the entire spectrum of dicotyledonous weeds. This results in the improvement of conditions for the growth and development of plants, providing higher grain yield, quality standardized seeds output and the rate of reproduction of varieties.
Shoeing lameness in the mature horse
Authors: Brown Nigel
Published: March 2016

Nigel Brown AWCF Discusses some of the potential issues, which can affect soundness and performance in the older horse
Small, but potentially lethal
Authors: Chapman Stella
Published: March 2016

Stella Chapman, Teaching Fellow in Equine Studies School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, discusses the dangers of puncture wounds to the distal limb
Common upper respiratory tract disorders in the horse
Authors: Watson Rebecca
Published: March 2016

Rebecca Watson, MSc RVN, clinical specialist EMEA for Midmark Animal Health continues her overview of disorders of the equine respiratory tract
Treatment and prevention of equine gastric ulcer syndrome
Authors: Leonard-Appleton Lizzie
Published: March 2016

Lizzie Leonard-Appleton, Junior Product Manager at Norbrook Laboratories (GB), discusses the strategic role of omeprazole in treating equine gastric ulcer syndrome
Kondisi perairan dan struktur komunitas makrozoobentos di Sungai Belumai Kabupaten Deli Serdang Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Dian Fisesa Erni , Setyobudiandi Isdradjad , Krisanti Majariana
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to examine the water quality and macrozoobenthos community of Belumai, North Sumatra. The study was conducted from March to May 2013 at three  sampling locations for three times sampling with one month interval. The water quality parameters which recorded in the study was temperature, current velocity, stream width, depth, turbidity, pH, DO, COD, TOM. The results shows that the Belumai River has a high turbidity level (163.57 - 242.6 NTU) and COD have passed the threshold standard class 1, which is intended to standards drinking water. The dominant macrozoobenthos was the Oligochaeta (79%). The Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) is displaying 2 group where the group A (station 1) has a fairly good water conditions characterized by the presence of organisms that are facultative i.e. Gastropoda, while group B (station 2,3, and 4) was considered as polluted areas indicating by the present of a dominant macrocoobenthos fauna of Oligochaeta. The Oligocheata is a tolerant fauna and as indication of pollution.Keywords: Belumai River; Water quality; Macrozoobenthic diversity Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kondisi perairan dan komunitas makrozoobentos di Sungai Belumai, Sumatera Utara. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Maret sampai Mei 2013 di empat 4 stasiun, pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali dengan interval sebulan sekali. Parameter yang diukur adalah suhu air, kecepatan arus, lebar sungai, kedalaman, kekeruhan, pH, DO, COD, TOM, dan Makrozoobentos.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sungai Belumai memiliki tingkat kekeruhan yang tinggi yaitu 163,57 – 242,6 NTU dan nilai COD telah melewati ambang batas baku mutu kelas 1, yang diperuntukkan untuk baku mutu air minum. Makrozoobentos yang mendominasi yaitu dari kelas Oligochaeta sebesar 79%. Analisis Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), menghasilkan 2 kelompok dendogram, yaitu  kelompok A (Stasiun 1) memiliki kondisi perairan yang cukup baik ditandai dengan keberadaan organisme yang bersifat fakultatif yaitu dari kelas Gastropoda sedangkan kelompok B (Stasiun 2,3, dan 4) telah tercemar ditandai dengan keberadaan organisme dari kelas Oligochaeta yang jumlahnya mendominasi. Oligochaeta merupakan organisme yang memiliki sifat toleran terhadap bahan pencemar dan menjadi indikasi adanya pencemaran.Kata kunci : Sungai Belumai; Kualitas air; Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos