bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARCS Learning Model in Offline and Online Learning: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Srimaryani Srimaryani , Yuliyanto Riyan , Milenia Ariyati Izza
Published: September 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic requires the implementation of offline learning to change to online. This condition is a challenge for teachers and students in generating learning motivation when studying online. This narrative literature review aims to empirically compare the ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) learning model with offline learning before the pandemic and online learning during the covid-19 pandemic. This article reviews and compares empirical research on the ARCS model in offline and online learning. The review of this article focuses on: (1) The ARCS model in offline learning before the covid-19 pandemic; (2) The ARCS model in online learning during the covid-19 pandemic and (3) a comparison of ARCS models in offline and online learning. The authors' findings show that the ARCS model consistently improves student motivation, learning outcomes, and activity in both offline and online learning. While other variables that are improved have differences between the ARCS model in offline and online learning, namely offline learning increases participation, collaboration, and persistence. Online learning successfully increases confidence, attention, and academic achievement. The Media used in offline learning places students as the subjects of learning activities, while in online learning the media used places students as actors in learning activities.
Treatment Options and Referral Pattern among Patients with Retinal Diseases Attending an Eye Clinic in a Tertiary institution, North Central Nigeria.
Authors: Adejoh Mercy Onevoza , Okoh Elizabeth O.
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the treatment modalities and pattern of referral of patients with retinal diseases in the eye clinic.
Methods: All consenting new patients attending the eye clinic were recruited for the study and interviewed by the author. The treatment offered to the participants diagnosed with retinal disease (medical, surgical, LASER, optical or a combination) was recorded. Information on the patient’s referral for vitreoretinal consultation (this could be ‘yes’ or ‘no’) and reasons for the referral were also documented and analyzed.
Results: treatment options for the 278 study participants were: medical for 100 (36%), optical for 94 (33.8%) optical correction, surgical for 24 (8.6%), LASER photocoagulation for 6 (2.2%) and a combination of LASER photocoagulation and intravitreal avastin injection for 20 (7.2%) patients. Counselling and watchful expectancy accounted for treatment of 34 (12.2%) patients. Seventy-four patients of the 278 included in the study had retinal diseases. Of these 74 with retinal diseases, 46 (62.2%) were referred to vitreoretinal units out of which 39 (84.8%) patients were referred to the vitreoretinal unit in JUTH and 7 (15.2%) were referred to vitreoretinal units elsewhere. The referrals were largely on account of unavailability of requisite equipment in 3 (42.8%) patients, surgical expertise in 2 (28.6%) patients and patient request in 2 (28.6%) cases.
Conclusion: The need for establishment of standard vitreoretinal services strategically in each geo-political zone of Nigeria to cater more efficiently to the needs of patients with retinal diseases and appropriate referral cannot be overemphasized
Historical landscape structures of the eastern part of upper Medzibodrožie region
Authors: Sládek Imrich , Galambošová Gréta
Published: September 2024

Landscape represents a specific part of the earth's surface, while it has its own structure – primary, secondary and tertiary. The secondary landscape structure consists of elements of land use and material creations of man, which currently fill the earth's surface. The aim of the paper is to evaluate, based on the analysis of historical military and topographical maps, the changes in the secondary landscape structure in the area formed by the cadastral territories of selected municipalities in the eastern part of Upper Medzibodrožie Region. On four maps showing selected territories of Upper Medzibodrožie Region, we compare extensive changes that have occurred in the landscape structure mainly as a result of human intervention in the landscape structure. Historical maps show that the use of the Upper Medzibodrožie Region landscape has changed significantly over the past 150 years. River regulation, drainage works, deforestation and also the transformation of agriculture had a major impact on these changes. The results show that the largest decrease in area representation was recorded by forests and the largest increase by arable land.
Investigation of the Use of Computer-aided Translation (CAT) Tools in Freelancing Practice in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hamad Althbaity Shuaa
Published: September 2024

To cope with large information content in today’s multilingual Saudi Arabia, translation services are essential. Like any other industry, translation practice was heavily affected by technological advances. Professionals in the translation field use technology like Computer-Aided Translation (CAT) tools to complete their translation tasks. Freelance translators are not exempt from this. This study examines the utilization of CAT tools in the freelance industry in Saudi Arabia. Fulford and Granell-Zafra (2005) have proposed a model that incorporates both information and Communication Technology (ICTs)and CAT tools, facilitating a diverse array of activities such as document creation, information search and retrieval, communication, business management, marketing, procurement, and translation. While CAT tools support document creation, business management, and translation, ICT tools are responsible for the remaining activates . This research aims to thoroughly analyze the characteristics of Saudi freelance translators who use CAT tools, evaluate their usage of CAT tools, and acquire valuable insights into their overall attitudes towards CAT tool. The data was gathered using the survey method and distributed among 98 Saudi freelance translators. The data was analyzed using SPSS descriptive analysis and frequency tables showing percentages of each respondent. The results show that Saudi freelance translators employed general-purpose software like MS Word and MS PowerPoint, whereas less interest was given to special-purpose software which represent CAT tools . The vast majority of the participants agreed on the positive effect of CAT tools. Finally,it may be beneficial to conduct further research to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Paradigmaváltás előtt áll a közlekedés : A zöldhidrogén felhasználása a közlekedésben
Authors: Bódi Antal
Published: September 2024

Az értekezés célja, hogy bemutassa a KTI/SZ/278-3/2023. sz. „Zöldhidrogén előállítása, tárolása és felhasználása, nemzetközi esettanulmányok és mintaprojektek összegyűjtése a közlekedés, a szállítás és az energetika területéről” kutatási program alapvetését, és feltárja a zöldhidrogénre alapozott komplex fejlesztési program szükségességét a magyarországi energiastratégia egyes kérdéseinek újragondolásához.
Deep Learning Model for Detection and Severity Analysis of Car Accidents
Authors: Chatterjee Tanusree , Roy Priya , Karmakar Kamalesh , Munshi Shiladitya , Roy Sanjib
Published: September 2024

On-road car accidents are immensely unfortunate but quite common occurrences worldwide. Instant data-centric and informed decisions of crisis management are rarely experienced due to the absence of real-time car accident detection and severity analysis mechanisms. On this background, the current paper presents a deep learning model for car accident detection and analysis of its severity so that the crisis management activities might follow without any delay saving invaluable human lives. The existing works lack in using time-series data, the proper learning model for accurate prediction, and minimizing the time taken in post-accident scenarios for the victims to receive immediate medical help. This paper introduces the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model in conjunction with the Gradient Boosted Regression Trees (GBRT) technique for the determination of car accidents with different levels of severity. The proposed model works with the accelerometer and gyroscopic data collected through an application installed in the smartphones of the users inside the car. The LSTM-GBRT hybrid model is proposed to achieve higher accuracy than LSTM which deals with time-variant data. The satisfactory performance of the proposed technique has been reported and the results are extensively investigated in comparison with another hybrid technique such as LSTM with Random Forest (RF) as well. The statistics confirm the superiority of the proposed model over other parallel models in terms of several performance metrics, like Accuracy, Precision, etc.
Identification of drought-induced forest damage in 2022 and of its key site condition drivers through satellite imagery
Authors: Bucha Tomáš , Pavlenda Pavel , Konôpka Bohdan , Tomaštík Julián , Chudá Juliána , Surový Peter
Published: September 2024

An extensive discoloration (yellowing, browning), and defoliation (leaf loss) were observed in Slovak forests during the summer of 2022. These phenomena are attributed to the combination of very low atmospheric precipitation and extremely high air temperatures from June to early August. In this study, the deterioration of forest health was analysed by comparing the image classification of Sentinel-2 satellite data from the year of intense drought occur-rence, 2022, with that from a referenced year without drought occurrence, 2020. The results indicated that in 2022, the proportion of heavily damaged stands with defoliation exceeding 50% doubled, reaching 19.3% (417,000 ha), and an area of 223,000 ha experienced an increase in defoliation by 30% or more. The damage exhibited an uneven spatial distribution, with the most significant impact observed in the western and southern parts of central Slovakia, as well as partially in the southern part of eastern Slovakia. Further GIS analyses revealed that forests growing on slopes with southern aspects suffered more severe damage than with northern exposures. However, the difference between the most damaged forests with south-southeast exposure (12.2%) and the least damaged ones with north-northwest exposure (8.2%) was only 4%. The level of damage gradually decreased with increasing altitude. Nevertheless, compared to previous studies, the damage was significantly manifested even in the fourth forest vegetation zone, up to an elevation of approximately 800 m. Regarding soil texture, which influences the water regime, the damage gradually decreased with decreasing sand content, ranging from sandy soils (17.5%) to clayey soils (6.6%).
Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effects of Local Hypothermia in a Porcine Spinal Cord Injury Model
Authors: Šulla Igor , Papcúnová Štefánia , Závodská Monika
Published: September 2024

The goal of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of a 5-hour local spinal cord (SC) hypothermia by 4 °C saline on preservation of SC tissue at the injury epicentre and 3 cranial and caudal 10 mm long SC segments in a porcine experimental model of spinal cord injury (SCI). The SCI was inflicted through L3 laminectomy by a metallic rod moved by a velocity of 30 mm.sec−1, and operated by a computer-controlled apparatus. A group of 15 female minipigs 5‒8-month-old weighing 28‒35 kg was randomly divided into 5 subgroups (each composed of 3 animals): 1) sham controls; 2) SCI by force 8N; 3) SCI by force 8N, 5-hour hypothermia; 4) SCI by force 15N; 5) SCI by force 15N, 5-hour hypothermia. After a 9-week survival period, the minipigs were in deep general anaesthesia transcardially perfused by 5000 ml of saline and fixed by 5000 ml 4 % neutral paraformaldehyde. White and grey SC matter damage was evaluated in specimens cut from the epicentre of injury as well as 3 cranial and 3 caudal 10 mm long SC blocks dyed according to Luxol fast blue (LFB) with cresyl violet (CV) protocol for light microscopic observations. The percentage of preserved SC white and grey matter was assessed in microphotographs and compared with data from sham controls (considered 100 %). The data were statistically evaluated by ANOVA test, the difference P ˂ 0.05 was considered significant. Results of the study suggest that 5-hour local cooling of the epicentre of SCI is well tolerated and facilitates the preservation of SC tissue integrity. Additional experimental and preclinical studies are necessary before introducing the method in practice.
Ovulatory Failure in Mares During Breeding Seasons
Authors: Zaťková Magdalena , Hura Vladimír
Published: September 2024

In the years 2022 and 2023 we investigated the prevalence of the ovulatory failure in 133 mares of different breed, 3 to 24 years old, brought to the Equine clinic of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy (UVMP) in Košice. Our research involved the monitoring of the reproduction cycle in these mares with the aim to determine the prevalence of ovulatory failure during the breeding season, focusing on certain specific parameters that were considered sufficiently relevant with respect to the development of such failure. These parameters included environmental temperature and the amount of daylight the mares were exposed to, attributable to the months of the breeding season. In addition, we also evaluated the size of pre-ovulatory follicles and the influence of age of the investigated mares. During the mentioned years, one of the ovulatory failures occurred in 17 out of 133 mares (12.78 %). Examination by ultrasonography (USG) and the subsequent analysis of the occurrence of failures in relation to the investigated parameters allowed us to conclude that the length of daylight, age, and environmental temperature were the most important factors. Our observations indicated that the 15–16 h category of daylight presented the highest risk of development of cycle disorders with the most rapid increase observed for HAF. With respect to age, the highest occurrence of ovulatory failures was observed in the category of 15–24 years. The external temperature in the range of 18.1–23.0 °C affected the most the development of cycle disorders. Again, the effect was most evident with respect to HAF. This resulted in our recommendations for horse breeders that they should manage reproduction of their mares in a way so that the receptive phase of the cycle does not occur in the months during which the daylight length and environmental temperatures support ovulatory failure. We also recommend that if the owner′s wish is to keep in the breeding the mares older than 15 years, regular thorough gynaecological examination of these animals should be ensured, aimed at early diagnosis of ovulatory failure.
Minimum Capital Requirements for Banks and the Financing of the Economies of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa1
Authors: Enguene André Arnaud
Published: September 2024

This article analyses the impact of minimum bank capital on the financing of economies of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa over the period 1998-2020, based on data from the Bank of Central African States and the annual reports and bulletins of the Banking Commission of Central Africa. To do this, we analysed the impact of minimum bank capital requirements on the real cost of credit, the term structure of credit and on economic agents with financing needs. We used a panel VAR specification estimated using the Generalised Method of Moments and impulse response function analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations to arrive at two main results: minimum bank capital reduces the cost of credit and increases the economy’s credit level. The conclusion is that regulators would benefit from encouraging credit institutions to increase the current level of bank capital in order to benefit from the positive effects of minimum bank capital.
Transparency in Central Bank and Credit Expansion: Empirical Evidence from Asian Countries
Authors: Jeris Saeed Sazzad , Ibrahim Omar Bari Md. , Chowdhury Ferdous Ahmed , Begum Humaira
Published: September 2024

This research investigated the influence of central bank transparency on credit expansion in 15 Asian nations (both advanced and emerging) during the period from 2000 to 2019. Panel OLS and Dynamic GMM estimation are used to identify the impact of central bank transparency on the credit spread. The findings indicate that central bank transparency plays a crucial role in lowering credit spreads and facilitating credit expansion. In addition, the influence of central bank transparency on credit spreads has a greater effect in emerging economies than in developed economies, highlighting the significance of transparency for tackling information asymmetry within the credit system. Overall, the research highlights the significance of central bank independence in reducing knowledge disparities and promoting a more transparent credit environment.
Military Logistics in the Light of the VUCA-World
Authors: Alexa Andreas
Published: September 2024

The term VUCA-world emerged in the military in the early 1990s and then entered the vocabulary of modern management. Moreover, despite many contrary opinions, it is still relevant. The phenomenon describes a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment in which military logistics must operate to ensure sustainability, operability and survivability. A resilient military logistics organisation that can withstand disruptions is essential to the delivery of services. This means that disruptions have less impact on performance and can be quickly restored. Resilience is generated by two main factors, robustness and agility. Robustness created through anticipation and preparation, while agility can be strengthened through flexibility and transparency.
Adapting to the Challenges of COVID-19: A Case Study of Premier Mental Therapy
Authors: Reed Phillip
Published: September 2024

Business environment adaptation is crucial to market longevity and sustainability. The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed a global paradigm shift in remote services which led to technology and service innovations that impacted organizations, leaders, and employees. The resulting impacts have required organizational leaders to consider new market entry strategies, employees to consider new processes and procedures, and both to learn new technologies and capabilities. This case study examines and provides recommendations to Premier Mental Therapy with a focus on leadership, organizational, change management, and strategy theories to mitigate risks to mental health services resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and increase sustainability and revenue. Marketing and networking strategies are introduced as tools to lower barriers to entry into technology driven healthcare markets. RACI charts are recommended for roles and responsibilities definition, and balanced scorecard is recommended for performance measurement and awareness. These recommendations combine to provide a future business model for sustainable operations.
On Seedling Morphoanatomy of Asteraceae Campestral Species: Some Adaptative and Taxonomic Considerations
Authors: Pelozo Andressa , Santos Luciane da Silva , Souza Luiz Antonio de
Published: September 2024

Theoretical Framework: The vegetation of Parana State fields is composed mainly of woody grassy savanna, and one of the largest families in specific richness is Asteraceae. The campestral Asteraceae occurs in three microhabitats as dry fields (steppes “stricto sensu”), rocky outcrops (rupestrian vegetation refuges) and humid fields (higrophyllous steppes). Morphology and structure of Asteraceae seedlings can be useful for species recognition in the field at the juvenile stage, and to understand how seedlings establish themselves in different microhabitats.
 
Objective: The aim of this paper was to analyze the seedling structure of 17 Asteraceae species, and to summarize some considerations on anatomical characters of the seedlings, which may be variations environmentally induced and they have some taxonomic or evolutionary value.
 
Method: Cipselae of 17 species of Asteraceae were collected in the state parks of Paraná, Brazil, and placed to germinate in Petri plates. The seedling development occurred in greenhouse. Root, hypocotyl, cotyledons, epicotyl and eophylls were sectioned in rotation microtome, and analyzed in light microscope. Cotyledons and eophylls were investigated in a scanning electronic microscope.
 
Results: Roots are diarch or tetrarch. Hypocotyl may have the root structure and partially or wholly as transition root-stem structure. Epicotyl shows the stem structure. Cotyledons and eophylls are dorsiventral. Trichome density and amphistomaty are xeromorphic characters that occur in the cotyledons and eophylls of the species.
 
Conclusion: Some structural characters have diagnostic value for separation of investigated species, such as hypocotyl structure, root/stem transition type, epidermis, mesophyll tissues and midrib saliency of the cotyledons and eophylls, and presence of secretory ducts.
An Update on Career Trajectories and Professional Development Plans of MADURA Undergraduate Mentorship Program Alumni and Continuing Trainees
Authors:   UC San Diego Herbert Wertheim School Of Public Health And Human Longevity Science, S Thompson
Published: September 2024

By 2060, the U.S. population is projected to be older and more racially and ethnically diverse, and Underrepresented Minorities (URMs) are disproportionately affected by age-related conditions, including Alzheimer’s Disease
Immunodeficiency: Complement disorders
Authors: McMurray Jeremy C. , Schornack Brandon J. , Weskamp Andrew L. , Park Katherine J. , Pollock Joshua D. , Day W. Grant , Brockshus Aaron T. , Beakes Douglas E. , Schwartz David J. , Mikita Cecilia P. , Pittman Luke M.
Published: September 2024

The complement system is an important component of innate and adaptive immunity that consists of three activation pathways. The classic complement pathway plays a role in humoral immunity, whereas the alternative and lectin pathways augment the innate response. Impairment, deficiency, or overactivation of any of the known 50 complement proteins may lead to increased susceptibility to infection with encapsulated organisms, autoimmunity, hereditary angioedema, or thrombosis, depending on the affected protein. Classic pathway defects result from deficiencies of complement proteins C1q, C1r, C1s, C2, and C4, and typically manifest with features of systemic lupus erythematosus and infections with encapsulated organisms. Alternative pathway defects due to deficiencies of factor B, factor D, and properdin may present with increased susceptibility to Neisseria infections. Lectin pathway defects, including Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease 2 (MASP2) and ficolin 3, may be asymptomatic or lead to pyogenic infections and autoimmunity. Complement protein C3 is common to all pathways, deficiency of which predisposes patients to severe frequent infections and glomerulonephritis. Deficiencies in factor H and factor I, which regulate the alternative pathway, may lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome. Disseminated Neisseria infections result from terminal pathway defects (i.e., C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9). Diagnosis of complement deficiencies involves screening with functional assays (i.e., total complement activity [CH50], alternative complement pathway activity [AH50], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) followed by measurement of individual complement factors by immunoassay. Management of complement deficiencies requires a comprehensive and individualized approach with special attention to vaccination against encapsulated bacteria, consideration of prophylactic antibiotics, treatment of comorbid autoimmunity, and close surveillance.
Quality of life in primary immunodeficiency: Its contribution to shared decision-making and patient outcomes
Authors: Ballow Mark
Published: September 2024

Quality of life (QOL) measures have become increasingly important in the management of patients with complex diseases. There are a number of instruments to measure QOL that include broad areas or domains of physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and environmental issues. The number of potential domains plus the large number of items within each domain have led to the development of a large variety of QOL instruments and of different approaches by using both health-related and non‐health-related factors. Health-related QOL (HRQOL) measures have been incorporated into clinical trials to assess changes in the patient’s perspective on his or her disease and the effects of treatment. An important aspect of these HR-QOL instruments is that these questionnaires are patient reported and usually self-administered. The life-long therapy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can be a challenge to the patient, his or her family and the physician. A number of patient-reported surveys have been published that examined treatment satisfaction and the comparison between IVIG and SCIG replacement therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiency. This review explores the use of HR-QOL surveys in patient preferences for mode and route of immunoglobulin therapy and site of care. Shared decision-making will be explored to emphasize the importance of this approach in optimizing patient care and compliance.
Immunodeficiency: Overview of primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRDs)
Authors: Nelson Cody S. , Baloh Carolyn H.
Published: September 2024

Primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRD) comprise a heterogeneous group of monogenic disorders that impact homeostatic control of inflammation and immune tolerance. Patients with a PIRD typically present to medical care with symptoms of autoimmunity or hyperinflammation as the dominant
clinical feature, symptoms that include fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly, arthritis, and colitis are commonplace. Notably, PIRDs are a distinct entity from primary immune deficiency disorders (PIDD), which are primarily defined by a qualitative or quantitative defect in immunity,
which manifests as a susceptibility to recurrent infections. PIDDs and PIRDs can be challenging to differentiate because the clinical presentations can be similar. Red flags for PIRDs include multiple autoimmune diagnoses in the same patient, chronic lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and/or splenomegaly,
chronic colitis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) susceptibility, recurrent or persistent fever, vasculitis, and sterile inflammation. For simplicity in this brief review, we limit our discussion of PIRDs to the following categories multiple autoimmune diseases,
immune dysregulation with colitis, disorders with HLH and/or EBV susceptibility, autoinflammatory syndromes, type 1 interferonopathies, and disorders of sterile inflammation. Diagnosing a PIRD requires a broad immune evaluation for both immune system deficiencies and inflammation, along with
genetic testing. Given the complex nature of these diseases, treatment often requires a team of subspecialists. Treatment, depending on the specific diagnosis, may be somewhat empiric with nonspecific immune modulators, symptom-directed therapies, and, in severe cases, hematopoietic stem cell
transplantation; however, with the increasing number of biologics available, we are often able to use targeted immune therapy or even gene therapy.
PENINGKATAN KECERDASAN EMOSI DAN PENURUNAN TINGKAT STRESS SISWA SDN LEDOKNONGKO MELALUI PENERAPAN TERAPI KEBUN BUDIKDAMBER
Authors: Rohmadani Zahro Varisna , Nugraheni Ika Afifah , Fardhani Dinar Mindrati
Published: September 2024

Di zaman yang semakin modern banyak macam pemicu atau stresor yang membuat individu cepat mengalami stres, sering kali individu yang mempunyai kecerdasan di atas rata-rata tetapi untuk penyelesaian problem atau permasalahan yang dihadapi di lingkungan kurang bisa menyelesaikan sehingga menimbulkan stres. Ketika individu tidak mampu mengendalikan stres yang dialami akan menimbulkan gejala-gejala yang merugikan dirinya sendiri sehigga mengganggu aktivitas di lingkunganya.Horticulture therapy atau terapi kebun atau ekoterapi merupakan terapi yang menggunakan media tanaman dan aktivitas berkebun. Horticultural Therapy Association (AHTA) terapi kebun telah terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi tingkat stres, kecemasan, dan depresi serta dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan emosional. Dalam penerapan terapi berbasis masyarakat ini salah satunya menggunakan terapi kebun Smart eco farming melalui aplikasi akuaponik dengan kombinasi budidaya ikan dalam ember (budikdamber). Adapun tujuan dari program terapi berbasis masyarakat ini ialah memberi peluang kepada siswa untuk ikut terlibat dalam melakukan aktivitas terapi kebun dan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan sosial, emosional, dan motorik, sekaligus meningkatkan kecerdasan emosional dan menurunkan stress pada siswa.
Kata Kunci: budikdamber, terapi kebun, kecerdasan emosi, stress, sekolah dasar

ABSTRACT
In increasingly modern times, there are many kinds of triggers or stressors that cause individuals to experience stress quickly, often individuals who have above average intelligence but are unable to solve problems or problems faced in the environment, which causes stress. When individuals are unable to control the stress they experience, it will cause symptoms that are detrimental to themselves and thus disrupt activities in their environment. Horticulture therapy or garden therapy or ecotherapy is a therapy that uses plant media and gardening activities. Horticultural Therapy Association (AHTA) garden therapy has been proven to be effective in reducing levels of stress, anxiety and depression and can increase emotional intelligence. In implementing this community-based therapy, one of them is using Smart eco farming garden therapy through the aquaponics application with a combination of cultivating fish in buckets (budikdamber). The aim of this community-based therapy program is to provide opportunities for students to be involved in garden therapy activities and to develop social, emotional and motor skills, as well as increasing emotional intelligence and reducing stress in students.
Keywords: budikdamber, garden therapy, emotional intelligence, stress, elementary school
An Investigation of N-person Prisoners' Dilemmas
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, Szilagyi Miklos N.
Published: September 2024

This paper is an attempt to systematically present the problem of various N-person Prisoners' Dilemma games and some of their possible solutions. 13 characteristics of the game are discussed. The role of payoff curves, personalities, and neighborhood is investigated. Experiments are performed with a new simulation tool for multi-agent Prisoners' Dilemma games. Investigations of realistic situations in which agents have various personalities show interesting new results. For the case of pavlovian agents the game has nontrivial but remarkably regular solutions. Examples of nonuniform distributions and mixed personalities are also presented. All solutions strongly depend on the choice of parameter values.
Elementary Cellular Automata with Memory
Authors:   Electronic mail address: ralonso@est.etsia.upm.es. ETSI Agrónomos (Estadística), C. Universitaria. 28040, Madrid, Spain, Alonso-Sanz Ramón , Martín Margarita ,   F. Veterinaria (Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, UCM), C. Universitaria. 28040, Madrid, Spain
Published: September 2024

Standard cellular automata (CA) are ahistoric (memoryless), that is, the new state of a cell depends on the neighborhood configuration of only the preceding time step. This article introduces an extension to the standard framework of CA by considering automata with memory capabilities. While the update rules of the CA remain unaltered, a history of all past iterations is incorporated into each cell by a weighted mean of all its past states. The historic weighting is defined by a geometric series of coefficients based on a memory factor (alpha). A study is made of the effect of historic memory on the spatio-temporal and difference patterns of elementary (one-dimensional, two states, nearest neighbors) CA starting with states assigned at random.
Increase of Complexity from Classical Greek to Latin Poetry
Authors:   Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Science and the Humanities, National Autonomous University of Mexico, E. Bush R. Mansilla
Published: September 2024

In this paper a method is developed to analyze the increase of complexity from classical Greek poetry to classical Latin poetry by mapping large samples of poems onto a symbolic time series. This mapping setup intends to characterize the regular succession of rhythms, that is, the patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables in a verse. Using techniques from information theory; more precisely, the mutual information function, it is shown how the rhythmical patterns in Greek poetry evolve to more complex behavior in Latin poetry. Some interesting results are reported.
Emergent Model Based On Hybrid Rough Sets Systems
Authors:   Electronic mail address: y_fouad@hotmail.com., Hassan Yasser , Tazaki Eiichiro ,   Electronic mail address: tazaki@intlab.toin.ac.jp. Department of Control and System Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 225-8502, Japan
Published: September 2024

The development of many knowledge discovery methods provided us with a good foundation for building hybrid systems based on rough set theory for knowledge discovery in a database. The need for more effective methods of generating and maintaining global nonfunctional properties suggests an approach analogous to those of natural processes in generating emergent properties. An emergent model allows the constraints of the task to be represented more naturally and permits only pertinent task-specific knowledge to emerge in the course of solving the problem. This paper describes some basics of emergent phenomena and its implementation in the hybrid system of rough sets combined with other methods. Further, demonstrations and guidelines are presented on how to exploit emergent intelligence and extend the problem-solving capabilities of these hybrid systems.
Local and Global Evaluation Functions for Computational Evolution
Authors:   Electronic mail address: hanjing@amss.ac.cn The Santa Fe Institute, Sante Fe, NM, 87501 and Institute of Systems Science, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Beijing, China, 100080, Han Jing
Published: September 2024

This paper compares computational evolution using local and global evaluation functions in the context of solving two classical combinatorial problems on graphs: the k-coloring and minimum coloring problems. It is shown that the essential difference between traditional algorithms using local search (such as simulated annealing) and distributed algorithms (such as the Alife&AER model) lies in the evaluation function. Simulated annealing uses global information to evaluate the whole system state, which is called the global evaluation function (GEF) method. The Alife&AER model uses local information to evaluate the state of a single agent, which is called the local evaluation function (LEF) method. Computer experiment results show that the LEF methods are comparable to GEF methods (simulated annealing and greedy), and in some problem instances the LEF beats GEF methods. We present the consistency theorem which shows that a Nash equilibrium of an LEF is identical to a local optimum of a GEF when they are "consistent." This theorem explains why some LEFs can lead the system to a global goal. Some rules for constructing a consistent LEF are proposed.
Detailed Analysis of Uphill Moves in Temperature Parallel Simulated Annealing and Enhancement of Exchange Probabilities
Authors:   School of Information Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Tatsunokuchi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan, Jun Yang , Mizuta Satoshi ,   Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki-city, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
Published: September 2024

This paper demonstrates that the probability of the occurrence of uphill moves in temperature parallel simulated annealing is so small that the effects of parallelization might be lost when the number of processing nodes is small. A modification in the probability of solution exchange between the processes is one tactic to recover the parallelization effects. This method is evaluated by a traveling salesman problem with 33 cities in China. The results of the experiments show that, although it violates the detailed balance condition, the modification can improve the quality of the solutions.
An Experimental Study of Robustness to Asynchronism for Elementary Cellular Automata
Authors:   Electronic mail address: Nazim.Fates@ens-lyon.fr Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme, ENS Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69 364 Lyon Cedex 07 - France, Fatès Nazim A. , Morvan Michel ,   Electronic mail address: Michel.Morvan@ens-lyon.fr Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme and EHESS, ENS Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69 364 Lyon Cedex 07 - France
Published: September 2024

Cellular automata (CA) are a class of discrete dynamical systems that have been widely used to model complex systems in which the dynamics are specified locally at the scale of the individuals cells. Classically, CA are run on a regular lattice and with perfect synchronicity. However, these two assumptions have little chance of truthfully representing what happens at the microscopic scale for physical, biological, or social systems. One may thus wonder whether CA keep their behavior when submitted to small perturbations of synchronicity. This work focuses on the study of one-dimensional asynchronous CA with two states and their nearest-neighbors. We define what is meant by "the behavior of CA is robust to asynchronism" using a statistical approach with macroscopic parameters and present an experimental protocol aimed at finding which are the robust one-dimensional elementary CA. To conclude, we examine how the results exposed can be used as a guideline for the research of suitable models according to robustness criteria.
Stochastic Self-organization
Authors:   Controls and Analysis, MDA Space Missions, 9445 Airport Road, Brampton, Ontario L6S 4J3, Canada, Barfoot Timothy D. , D'Eleuterio Gabriele M. T. ,   Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto, 4925 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T6, Canada
Published: September 2024

Starting from a random initial predisposition, the creation of a common piece of information in a network of sparsely communicating agents is the first step towards showing how order can be built from the bottom up rather than imposed from the top down. The model used for this study has been termed stochastic cellular automata (SCA). We identify three important elements of self-organization using SCA: instability, averaging, and fluctuations, all of which have been identified in other nonlinear phenomena. From a practical point of view, a simple coordination mechanism for a group of autonomous agents or robots is provided.
Local Nested Structure in Rule 30
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Rowland Eric S.
Published: September 2024

At row 2n in the cellular automaton rule 30, a region of the initial condition reappears on the right side, which causes the automaton to "begin again" locally. As a result, local nested structure is produced. This phenomenon is ultimately due to the property that rule 30 is reversible in time under the condition that the right half of each row is white. The main result of the paper establishes the presence of local nested structure in k-color rules with this bijectivity property, and we explore a class of integer sequences characterizing the nested structure. We also prove an observation of Wolfram regarding the period length doubling of diagonals on the left side of rule 30.
Distributed Dynamical Omnicast Routing
Authors:   Electronic mail address: felix.schill@anu.edu.au, Schill Felix , Zimmer Uwe R. ,   Electronic mail address: uwe.zimmer@ieee.org Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous Underwater Robotics Research Group, The Australian National University, ACT 0200, Australia
Published: September 2024

The omnicast problem addresses the need of uniform information dispersal in a group of individual nodes (robots), that is, every robot needs to receive (and process) the observations processed by everybody else. The time (or the number of schedule slots) it takes to exchange all distributedly collected information between all nodes/robots is a critical limiting factor for almost all practical swarm or distributed sensing applications. The establishment of a practical distributed scheduling scheme for this purpose is therefore crucial. Actual practical constraints of limited communication ranges, low bandwidth, asynchronous entities, and disturbances on the communication channels complicate this problem. This paper proposes a method of distributed dynamical omnicast routing (DDOR) which converges and solves the given problem, and does so with high performance ratings, as demonstrated in simulations. The problem of fast information dispersal in short range, and limited bandwidth communication systems in heterogeneous swarms of autonomous vehicles occurs in many applications. One example is the distributed control of large schools of underwater vehicles.
Fitness Landscape Analysis and Optimization of Coupled Oscillators
Authors:   Electronic mail address: david.newth@csiro.au, Newth David , Brede Markus ,   Electronic mail address: markus.brede@csiro.au CSIRO Centre for Complex Systems Science, G.P.O. Box 284, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
Published: September 2024

Synchronization in chaotic oscillatory systems has a wide array of applications in biology, physics, and communications systems. Over the past 10 years there has been considerable interest in the synchronization properties of small-world and scale-free networks. In this paper, we define the fitness of a configuration of coupled oscillators as its ability to synchronize, which is related to the ratio of the largest and smallest eigenvalues of the coupling matrix. After an analysis of the fitness landscape of the coupled oscillators problem, we employ an optimization algorithm to determine network structures that lead to an enhanced ability to synchronize. The optimized networks generally have low clustering, small diameters, short path-length, are disassortative, and have a high degree of homogeneity in their degree and load distributions.
Monomial Dynamical Systems over Finite Fields
Authors:   Electronic mail address: ocolon@math.uprm.edu Mathematics Department, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Mayagüez, PR 00681, Colón-Reyes Omar , Jarrah Abdul Salam ,   Electronic mail address: ajarrah@vbi.vt.edu, Laubenbacher Reinhard ,   Electronic mail address: reinhard@vbi.vt.edu Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0477, USA, Sturmfels Bernd ,   Electronic mail address: bernd@math.berkeley.edu Department of Mathematics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Published: September 2024

An important problem in the theory of finite dynamical systems is to link the structure of a system with its dynamics. This paper contains such a link for a family of nonlinear systems over an arbitrary finite field. For systems that can be described by monomials, information about the limit cycle structure can be obtained from the structure of the monomials. In particular, the paper contains a sufficient condition for a monomial system to have only fixed points as limit cycles. The condition is derived by reducing the problem to the study of a boolean monomial system and a linear system over a finite ring.
A Note About the Discovery of Many New Rules for the Game of Three-Dimensional Life
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, Bays Carter
Published: September 2024

In 1987, this author introduced three-dimensional (3D) versions of the two-dimensional (2D) cellular automaton (CA) made famous by John Conway [1]. At that time, some criteria were given to validate candidate 3D CA rules as "game of life" (GL) rules. Informally, we say that a CA rule is a GL rule if (a) when we count neighbors of a cell, we count all touching neighbors, and they are all treated the same; (b) the rule supports a "glider" (a translating oscillator); and (c) random patterns exhibit bounded growth. These informal criteria are spelled out more formally in [2], which also gives notation for writing rules, namely: E1, E2, . . /F1, F2, . . . Here, the Ei and Fi are listed in ascending order; the Ei specify the number of touching neighbors required to keep a living cell alive, and the Fi give the number required to bring a nonliving cell to life. Furthermore, when we write /F1, F2, . . we are implying that the E terms have not been specified. Conway's rule is thus written 2,3/3 (and not 3,2/3). The two 3D GL rules introduced in 1987 were 4,5/5 and 5,6,7/6 [3]. There followed a series of notes in this journal wherein the discovery of two more GL rules was explored [4, 5]; the rules were 5,6/5 and 6,7,8/5. It should be noted that the rule 6,7,8/5 does not strictly adhere to the formal GL criteria given in [2]. Nevertheless it was well behaved enough to be considered, and this slight variation was mentioned in [5].
A Structurally Dynamic Cellular Automaton with Memory in the Triangular Tessellation
Authors:   Electronic mail address: ramon.alonso@upm.es ETSI Agrónomos (Estadística), C. Universitaria. 28040, Madrid, Spain, Alonso-Sanz Ramón
Published: September 2024

The major features of conventional cellular automata include the inalterability of topology and the absence of memory. The effect of simple memory (memory in cells and links) on a particular reversible, structurally dynamic cellular automaton in the triangular tessellation is explored in this paper.
An NP-complete Problem for the Abelian Sandpile Model
Authors:   Department for Computer Sciences, University of Karlsruhe, Am Fasanengarten 5, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, Schulz Matthias
Published: September 2024

A configuration of the Abelian sandpile model is called recurrent if grains of sand can be added to it so that the resulting configuration relaxes to the original one; else it is called transient. Given a transient configuration, a recurrent configuration results after adding enough grains of sand. In the case of a three-dimensional sandpile model, it is shown in this paper that the problem of finding the minimal number of grains that have to be added to a given transient configuration to get a recurrent one, interpreted as the distance of this configuration to the set of recurrent configurations, is NP-complete.
Recent Results on Ordering Parameters in Boolean Networks
Authors:   Electronic mail address: juergen.kluever@uni-due.de, Klüver Jürgen , Schmidt Jörn ,   University of Duisburg-Essen, FB2, Campus Essen, Universitätsstr. 12, 45117 Essen, Germany
Published: September 2024

The dynamics of discrete mathematical systems can be related to the values of certain ordering parameters. Experiments with the total set of possible structures of a boolean network with six elements and extended sets of two-valued boolean functions show that three simple parameters describing the topology, the bias of boolean functions, and their canalyzing potential yield necessary conditions for complex dynamics. The crucial factor determining dynamics turns out to be the topology. The impact on simulations of real systems is discussed.