bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial influence on the larval survival of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica: Antibiotic-mediated alterations and biomarker isolation
Authors: Fukui Youhei , Nakamura Yoji , Imaizumi Hitoshi , Kamoshida Masaaki
Published: July 2024

In rearing systems for the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, although it is assumed that microorganisms influence larval survival and mortality, particularly during the early stages of growth, the effects of bacterial communities on larval survival have yet to be sufficiently determined. In this study, we compared the bacterial communities associated with larval survival at three stages of eel growth. To artificially alter bacterial communities and assess larval survival, eel larvae were treated with 11 types of antibiotic, and larval survival and bacterial characteristics were compared between the antibiotic-treated and antibiotic-free control groups. Throughout the three growth stages, eels treated with four antibiotics (polymyxin B, tetracycline, novobiocin, and erythromycin) had survival rates higher than those in the control groups. The bacterial communities of surviving larvae in the control and antibiotic groups and dead larvae in the control groups were subsequently analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. PERMANOVA analysis indicated that these three larval groups were characterized by significantly different bacterial communities. We identified 14 biomarker amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of bacterial genera such as Oceanobacter, Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Roseibium, and Sneathiella that were enriched in surviving larvae in the antibiotic treatment groups. In contrast, all four biomarker ASVs enriched in dead larvae of the control groups were from bacteria in the genus Vibrio. Moreover, 52 bacterial strains corresponding to nine biomarkers were isolated using a culture method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the bacterial communities associated with the survival and mortality of larvae in during the early stages of Japanese eel growth and to isolate biomarker bacterial strains. These findings will provide valuable insights for enhancing larval survival in the eel larval rearing systems from a microbiological perspective.
Migrainaren tratamendu profilaktikorako farmakoen eraginkortasunaren azterketa
Authors: Olivares Nerea , Mendiguren Aitziber
Published: July 2024

Migraina ohiko zefalea primarioa da. Oro har, migraina akutua eta kroniko bereiz ditzakegu baina ez ohiko beste migrainak ere badaude Migrainaren profilaxirako tratamendu desberdinak ditugu eskura, baina migraina motaren araberako erabilera ez dago errotuta. Horregatik, lan honen helburua migrainaren tratamendu profilaktikorako erabiltzen diren farmakoen eraginkortasuna ikertzea izan zen. Horretarako, plazeboarekin kontrolatutako saio klinikoen berrikusketa sistematikoa egin zen datu base desberdinak erabiliz. Ikerlanaren arabera, migraina akutua prebenitzeko, CoQ10 koentzimak, D3 bitamina aktiboak eta isoflabonak eraginkorrak izan ziren migrainaren maiztasuna, intentsitatea eta krisialdien iraupena (aldagai primarioak) txikitzeko bildutako saio kliniko urrietan. Migraina kronikoaren prebentziorako, aipaturiko sustantzia berdinek ere aldagai primarioak jaitsi zituzten. Horietaz gain, topiramatoa eta probiotikoak ere aztertutako aldagaietan eraginkorrak zirela ikusi zen. Auradun zein aura gabeko migraina akutuaren prebentziorako, berriz, amitriptilina izan zen aztertutako aldagai nagusiak hobetzeko eraginkortasuna aurkeztu zuen farmako bakarra. Beste farmako batzuk, besteak beste, anti CGRP, atogepant, nadolol aldagai zehatz batzuetarako edo bigarren mailako aldagaietarako soilik izan ziren eraginkorrak migraina mota desberdinetan. Gainera, Bizkaiko OSI batzuetako lehen mailako kontsultan zein neurologiako zerbitzu espezializatuetan migrainen prebentziorako estandarizatutako protokolorik ez dagoela ikusi dugu eta zentru bakoitzak gida desberdinak erabiltzen ditute. Gida horietan aipatzen diren farmako askok (amitriptilina, topiramatoa, antiCGRP), baina ez guztiek, gure berrikusketa sistematikoan lortutako eraginkortasun emaitzekin bat egiten dute. Ikerlan honen arabera eta erabilitako prozedura sistematikoarekin farmako bakoitzarekin bildutako ebidentzien kopurua oso txikia izan da. Beraz, beharrezkoa litzateke migrainaren prebentziorako farmakoen eraginkortasunaren inguruko ebidentzia gehiago argitaratzea eta ondoren migraina motaren araberako gidalerro bateratuta ezartzea Euskal Osasun Sistema Publikoan.
Conciliación entre la vida laboral y la vida familiar: un análisis de la no discriminación, la corresponsabilidad y la flexibilidad como elementos para la igualdad laboral de las mujeres en la Directiva (UE) 2019/1158 y en su trasposición al ordenamiento
Authors: Garcia Testal Elena
Published: July 2024

La Directiva (UE) 2019/1158, del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo de 20 de junio de 2019, relativa a la conciliación de la vida familiar y la vida profesional de los progenitores y cuidadores, es una norma con la finalidad de promover la igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres. Para ello impulsa dos elementos esenciales en el ejercicio de los derechos de conciliación: la corresponsabilidad y el ejercicio flexible de los tiempos de trabajo. La transposición de la Directiva al derecho interno insta la modificación de las normas laborales internas, incrementándose la protección de las personas trabajadoras en clave de corresponsabilidad en el cuidado y de igualdad y no discriminación laboral.
La aportación económica al Tesoro Público en los despidos colectivos que afecten a personas trabajadoras de cincuenta o más años de edad. Problemas suscitados en la praxis
Authors: Castro Franco Ana
Published: July 2024

En atención a un supuesto concreto, como es el despido colectivo anunciado en el año 2010 por la compañía Telefónica, que afectaba en mayor proporción a las personas trabajadoras a partir de cincuenta años, la Ley 27/2011, de 1 de agosto sobre actualización, adecuación y modernización del sistema de Seguridad Social, incorporó una previsión para reaccionar ante los elevados costes para el Estado de una reestructuración de tal dimensión. A fin de evitar la socialización de los costes del despido, la DA 16ª establecía la obligación, a cargo de la empresa que percibiera beneficios y efectuara el reajuste incluyendo a personas trabajadoras sénior, de realizar una aportación al Tesoro Público por el importe de las prestaciones y subsidios de desempleo de este colectivo, incluidas las cotizaciones realizadas por el Servicio Público de Empleo Estatal. A partir de entonces, las importantes reformas acometidas han ampliado su ámbito al pasar de ser aplicable a empresas con más de quinientas personas a cuantas proporcionen empleo a más de cien. Obedece a una doble finalidad, de un lado, desincentivar el despido de las personas mayores lastradas en no pocas ocasiones por la discriminación por razón de edad, de otro, amortiguar el impacto de abonar las prestaciones a favor de personas lamentablemente signadas por un alto índice de desempleo de larga duración. La compleja regulación de esta figura dificulta su aplicación en la praxis, tanto por parte de las empresas a la hora de realizar la aportación, como por parte de la entidad gestora encargada de su reclamación.
Quantum ontology de-naturalized: What we can't learn from quantum mechanics
Authors: Arroyo Raoni , Arenhart Jonas R. B.
Published: July 2024

Philosophers of science commonly connect ontology and science, stating that these disciplines maintain a two-way relationship: on the one hand, we can extract ontology from scientific theories; on the other hand, ontology provides the realistic content of our scientific theories. In this article, we will critically examine the process of naturalizing ontology, i.e., confining the work of ontologists merely to the task of pointing out which entities certain theories commit themselves to. We will use non-relativistic quantum mechanics as a case study. We begin by distinguishing two roles for ontology: the first would be characterized by cataloging existing entities according to quantum mechanics; the second would be characterized by establishing more general ontological categories in which existing entities must be classified. We argue that only the first step is available for a naturalistic approach; the second step not being open for determination or anchoring in science. Finally, we also argue that metaphysics is still a step beyond ontology, not contained in either of the two tasks of ontology, being thus even farther from science.
A klímaváltozás oktatásának alapjai pedagógiai nézőpontból
Authors: Kelemen Valéria
Published: July 2024

Tanulmányunk nemzetközi szakirodalom alapján veszi számba a klímaváltozás oktatásának neveléstudományi alapjait azzal a céllal, hogy megkönnyítse az ezzel a témával foglalkozni kívánó szakemberek munkáját. A munka a klímaváltozás jelenségének és hatásainak rövid ismertetése után a klímaváltozás oktatásának szükségességét taglalja. Ezt követően a téma sajátosságait mutatja be. Az egyik ilyen tulajdonság az interdiszciplináris jellege, a másik, hogy összefügg az egyén értékeivel, azaz nemcsak tudományos alapokon nyugszik, de a problémához való egyéni viszonyulásnak is jelentős a szerepe. Majd a klímaváltozás oktatásának egy holisztikus modelljét, a Bicikli-modellt ismerteti. E modellt pedagógusok munkájának támogatása érdekében alkották, és annak leírását tartalmazza, hogy mely témakörök oktatása szükséges a klímaváltozás jelenségének teljeskörű bemutatásához. Ezt a téma tanításának lehetséges stratégiáinak bemutatása követi. A klímaváltozás tanítását igénylő pedagógusszerep leírása után a tanulmány a klímaváltozás oktatásának kiemelt szerepét hangsúlyozza a hátrányos helyzetű csoportok esetében. E célcsoport klímaváltozással szembeni kiszolgáltatottságának lehetséges okai közé tartozik felkészültségük alacsony szintje, korlátozott erőforrásaik, érdeklődésük hiánya és a klímaváltozás okozta szorongás kezelésének nehézségei.
Prevalence of Preceding and Follow-up Outpatient Care Surrounding Emergency Department Visits for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Identifying Opportunities for Quality Improvement
Authors: deJong Neal , Zhang Xian , Kappelman Michael
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

To assess prevalence of outpatient care received before and after emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

METHODS:

Using commercial claims, we identified patients 2–18 years old with IBD and a related ED visit (2015–2018). We identified outpatient visits in 2 weeks before and after ED visits, then used logistic regression to assess relationships between care received and patient characteristics.

RESULTS:

Forty-one percent received care in 2 weeks before an IBD-related ED visit and 51% in 2 weeks after. High-risk medications and outpatient continuity were associated with higher odds of outpatient care.

DISCUSSION:

Gaps in preceding and follow-up care signal opportunities to improve care quality.
Improvement in Survival After Transplantation for Critically Ill Patients With Cirrhosis in the United States
Authors: Artzner Thierry , Goldberg David S. , Sundaram Vinay , Faitot François , Karvellas Constantine J. , Asrani Sumeet K.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

There is considerable debate over the indication of liver transplantation (LT) for critically ill patients with cirrhosis, in part due to their potentially poor post-LT prognosis. We analyzed the epidemiology and outcome of LT for critically ill patients with cirrhosis over 4 time periods of 4 years.

METHODS:

We included adult patients who underwent liver transplant alone between 2005 and 2020 using the United Network for Organ Sharing registry database. We defined critically ill patients with cirrhosis as being in the intensive care unit with 1 or more of the following characteristics at the time of LT: (i) grade III/IV hepatic encephalopathy, (ii) mechanical ventilation, (iii) dialysis, and (iv) vasopressors.

RESULTS:

A total of 85,594 LT recipients were included, 5,827 (6.8%) of whom were classified as being critically ill with cirrhosis at the time of LT. The number and percentage of critically ill LT recipients with cirrhosis increased over the study period: 819 (4.3%) in 2005–2008 vs 2,067 (7.9%) in 2017–2020, P < 0.001. There was a 17% absolute increase in 1-year survival after LT: 72.5% in 2005–2008 vs 89.5% in 2017–2020, P < 0.001. The 1-year post-LT survival gap between critically ill and noncritically ill patients with cirrhosis narrowed over the study period: 16.7 percentage points in 2005–2008 vs 4.6 percentage points in 2017–2020. The year of LT was independently associated with lower 1-year post-LT mortality (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.91–0.93, P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

The absolute number and relative percentage of LT recipients who were critically ill increased over time, as did 1-year post-LT survival. Meanwhile, the gap in survival between this group of patients and noncritically ill patients with cirrhosis decreased but persisted. Cautious access to selected LT candidates who are critically ill may be warranted, provided the gap in survival with noncritically ill patients remains as small as possible.
Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Clinically Significant Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Bleeding: A Contemporary Multicenter Study
Authors: Bishay Kirles , Ruan Yibing , Barkun Alan N. , Chen Yen-I , Singh Andrew , Hookey Lawrence , Arya Naveen , Calo Natalia Causada , Grover Samir C. , Siersema Peter D. , Thosani Nirav , Darvish-Kazem Saeed , Siegal Deborah , Bass Sydney , Cole Martin , Lei Yang , Li Suqing , Mohamed Rachid , Turbide Christian , Chau Millie , Howarth Megan , Cartwright Shane , Koury Hannah F. , Nashad Tamim , Meng Zhao Wu , Tepox-Padrón Alejandra , Kayal Ahmed , González-Moreno Emmanuel , Brenner Darren R. , Smith Zachary L. , Keswani Rajesh N. , Elmunzer B. Joseph , Wani Sachin , Bridges Ronald J. , Hilsden Robert J. , Heitman Steven J. , Forbes Nauzer
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Clinically significant post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) bleeding (CSPEB) is common. Contemporary estimates of risk are lacking. We aimed to identify risk factors of and outcomes after CSPEB.

METHODS:

We analyzed multicenter prospective ERCP data between 2018 and 2024 with 30-day follow-up. The primary outcome was CSPEB, defined as hematemesis, melena, or hematochezia resulting in (i) hemoglobin drop ≥ 20 g/L or transfusion and/or (ii) endoscopy to evaluate suspected bleeding and/or (iii) unplanned healthcare visitation and/or prolongation of existing admission. Firth logistic regression was used. P values <0.05 were significant, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals reported.

RESULTS:

CSPEB occurred after 129 (1.5%) of 8,517 ERCPs (mean onset 3.2 days), with 110 of 4,849 events (2.3%) occurring after higher risk interventions (sphincterotomy, sphincteroplasty, precut sphincterotomy, and/or needle-knife access). Patients with CSPEB required endoscopy and transfusion in 86.0% and 53.5% of cases, respectively, with 3 cases (2.3%) being fatal. P2Y12 inhibitors were held for a median of 4 days (interquartile range 4) before higher risk ERCP. After higher risk interventions, P2Y12 inhibitors (OR 3.33, 1.26–7.74), warfarin (OR 8.54, 3.32–19.81), dabigatran (OR 13.40, 2.06–59.96), rivaroxaban (OR 7.42, 3.43–15.24), and apixaban (OR 4.16, 1.99–8.20) were associated with CSPEB. Significant intraprocedural bleeding after sphincterotomy (OR 2.32, 1.06–4.60), but not after sphincteroplasty, was also associated. Concomitant cardiorespiratory events occurred more frequently within 30 days after CSPEB (OR 12.71, 4.75–32.54).

DISCUSSION:

Risks of antiplatelet-related CSPEB may be underestimated by endoscopists based on observations of suboptimal holding before higher risk ERCP. Appropriate periprocedural antithrombotic management is essential and could represent novel quality initiative targets.
TÜRK KATILIM SİGORTA SEKTÖRÜNDE MÜŞTERİ MEMNUNİYETİNİ VE SADAKATİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER
Authors: Sözen Müslime , Meral Hasan
Published: July 2024

Müşteri ilişkileri yönetimi katılım sigorta şirketlerinin yeni dönemdeki stratejik öncelikleri arasında kritik bir yer tutmaktadır. Müşteri ihtiyaçlarına ve beklentilerine uygun ürün ve hizmetlerin geliştirilmesi, şirketlere sigorta pazarında önemli bir rekabet avantajı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk katılım sigorta sektöründe müşteri memnuniyetini ve sadakatini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek ve sektör paydaşlarına öneriler sunmaktır. Araştırma kapsamında, Türkiye’de katılım sigortacılığı müşterilerinden oluşan 207 kişi üzerinde anket uygulanmış ve katılım sigortacılığı hizmet kalitesi algıları ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve hizmet kalitesi ile müşteri memnuniyeti ve sadakati arasındaki ilişki detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, hizmet kalitesinin güvenlik, güvenilirlik ve empati boyutlarının sigortalıların müşteri memnuniyetini etkileyen belirleyici faktörler olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca müşteri memnuniyeti ile müşteri sadakati arasında pozitif yönlü güçlü bir ilişki olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bulgular, Türkiye’deki katılım sigorta şirketlerinin müşteri odaklı yeni yaklaşımlar geliştirmeleri ve hizmet kalitesini artırmaya yönelik daha kapsamlı politikalar izlemeleri gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.
MÜSLÜMAN DÜNYADA DİNİ RADİKALİZMİN YENİ BİR EVRESİ OLARAK DAİŞ DÜŞÜNCESİ
Authors: Çakmaktaş Nurullah
Published: July 2024

Müslüman dünyada dini radikal düşünce, ortaya çıktığı 1960’lardan 2000’li yılların başına kadar geçen süreçte kendi içinde birtakım tartışmalar, ayrışmalar ve bölünmeler yaşamış olsa da bir ana akım düşünce sistemi inşa etmeyi başarabilmiştir. Doksanlı yıllar boyunca el-Kaide tarafından temsil edilen bu ana akım dini radikal düşünceden 2000’li yılların başından itibaren keskin bir kopuş ve sapma yaşanmıştır. Öyle ki bu sapma kanaatimizce sadece örgütsel bir bölünmeyi değil, aynı zamanda güçlü bir doktrinel farklılaşmayı da ifade etmiştir. Bu makale, 2003’te Irak’ın işgal edilmesini takip eden süreçte dini radikal düşüncenin, büyük oranda el-Kaide’nin temsil ettiği ana akım dini radikalizmden bir sapma yaşayarak fikirsel boyutta da yeni bir evreye geçtiği savı üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Bu makalede, DAİŞ’e özgü olduğunu iddia ettiğimiz birtakım düşünceler ve yine DAİŞ’in karakteristiğini yansıttığını ileri sürdüğümüz birtakım eylemler örneklem olarak sunularak DAİŞ’in kendisinden önceki dini radikal düşünce ve gruplardan nasıl farklılaştığını göstermek amaçlanmıştır.
Effect of nano-silica on the mechanical properties of LWC
Authors: Nashat Alghrairi , Aziz Farah Nora Aznieta Binti Abd , Rashid Suraya Binti Abdul , Mohamed Mohd Zuhri Bin , Ibrahim Amer Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Nanotechnology has made significant inroads across various sectors, augmenting properties and economic impacts. Its pivotal role extends notably to the realm of construction and building. This study focuses on the tangible consequences of incorporating nano-silica (NS) into lightweight concrete (LWC) and its influence on mechanical attributes. The primary aim is to illustrate how NS impacts the mechanical properties of LWC, specifically its effects on compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength in comparison to conventional LWC. The research encompassed the casting and examination of seven distinct concrete mixtures, including a reference mix, in laboratory settings. The study findings highlight that the utilization of lightweight Iraqi porcelanite stone resulted in a one-third reduction in the weight of standard concrete. Furthermore, the introduction of varying quantities of NS into structural LWC yielded enhancements in compressive, tensile, and flexural strength when contrasted with the reference mix, albeit at the expense of workability. Remarkably, The results showed an introduction of varying quantities of NS into structural LWC yielded enhancements in compressive, tensile, and flexural strength when contrasted with the reference mix, albeit at the expense of workability. The findings demonstrated that when doses of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20% NS were applied, the rate of three models for determining compressive strength at 90 days old rose by 19, 45, 62, 32, 15, and 37%, respectively. On the other hand, when dosages 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20% were added, the percentage of improvement in tensile strength at 28 days of age was 77, 75, 84, 51, 55, and 53%. Additionally, while employing the same above doses, the bending strength at 28 days of age improved by 141, 140, 171, 115, 114, and 108%, respectively. Remarkably, the results also underscored the sustained efficacy of NS, particularly during the later stages of concrete maturation.
SRY-positive 45,X/46,XY karyotype in a phenotypically Turner-like Chinese adolescent female with ovarian dysgerminoma and gonadoblastoma
Authors: Zhou Jiahong , Zhan Ping , Cheng Yang , Luo Qing , Chai Li , Yuan Lan , Zhu Xidan , Liu Jinbo
Published: July 2024

Objectives

45,X/46,XY mosaicism is a rare condition with clinical and genetic heterogeneity and have a greatly increased risk of developing germ cell tumors. We describe a rare 45,X/46,XY Chinese girl with malignant tumors, especially focusing on the molecular genetics of gonadal tumor.

Case presentation

We report a phenotypically Turner-like Chinese adolescent girl who presented primary amenorrhea and a pelvic mass as the chief complaint, which finally demonstrated dysgerminoma replacing the left gonad and gonadoblastoma arising from right gonad respectively. Her chromosome karyotype was 45,X(4)/46,XY(46); Y-chromosome microdeletions in AZFb regions were found on gonadal DNA rather than peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) DNA, while no variants were found in the promoter and coding region of SRY gene in both PBL and gonadal tissues. She underwent bilateral gonadectomy; no recurrence or serious complications were identified after 3 years of follow-up.

Conclusions

This case emphasizes the probable correlation between Y chromosome microdeletions in gonadal tissue and the severity of the phenotype in patients with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism and highlights the importance of clinical genetic testing at the chromosomal and molecular level.
Data-driven modeling in metrology – A short introduction, current developments and future perspectives
Authors: Schneider Linda-Sophie , Krauss Patrick , Schiering Nadine , Syben Christopher , Schielein Richard , Maier Andreas
Published: July 2024

Mathematical models are vital to the field of metrology, playing a key role in the derivation of measurement results and the calculation of uncertainties from measurement data, informed by an understanding of the measurement process. These models generally represent the correlation between the quantity being measured and all other pertinent quantities. Such relationships are used to construct measurement systems that can interpret measurement data to generate conclusions and predictions about the measurement system itself. Classic models are typically analytical, built on fundamental physical principles. However, the rise of digital technology, expansive sensor networks, and high-performance computing hardware have led to a growing shift towards data-driven methodologies. This trend is especially prominent when dealing with large, intricate networked sensor systems in situations where there is limited expert understanding of the frequently changing real-world contexts. Here, we demonstrate the variety of opportunities that data-driven modeling presents, and how they have been already implemented in various real-world applications.
Leveraging measurement data quality by adoption of the FAIR guiding principles
Authors: Schmitt Robert H. , Bodenbenner Matthias , Hamann Tobias , Sanders Mark P. , Moser Mario , Abdelrazeq Anas
Published: July 2024

The analysis and reuse of measured process data are enablers for sustainable and resilient manufacturing in the future. Maintaining high measurement data quality is vital for maximising the usage and value of the data at hand. To ensure this data quality, the data management must be applied consequently throughout the complete Data Life-Cycle (DLC) and adhere to the FAIR guiding principles. In the two research consortia NFDI4Ing and the Cluster of Excellence “Internet of Production,” we investigate approaches to increase the measurement of data quality by integrating the FAIR guiding principles in all data management activities of the DLC. To facilitate the uptake of the FAIR guiding principles, we underline the significance of FAIR data for the reuse of high-quality data. Second, we are introducing a harmonised DLC to streamline data management activities. Third, we concisely review current trends and best practices in FAIR-aware data management and give suggestions for implementing the FAIR guiding principles.
Oscillatory Neural Correlates of Police Firearms Decision-Making in Virtual Reality
Authors: Alexander Nicholas A. , Kelly Clíona L. , Wang Hongfang , Nash Robert A. , Beebe Shaun , Brookes Matthew J. , Kessler Klaus
Published: July 2024

We investigated the neural signatures of expert decision-making in the context of police training in a virtual reality–based shoot/don’t shoot scenario. Police officers can use stopping force against a perpetrator, which may require using a firearm and each decision made by an officer to discharge their firearm or not has substantial implications. Therefore, it is important to understand the cognitive and underlying neurophysiological processes that lead to such a decision. We used virtual reality–based simulations to elicit ecologically valid behavior from authorized firearms officers (AFOs) in the UK and matched novices in a shoot/don't shoot task and recorded electroencephalography concurrently. We found that AFOs had consistently faster response times than novices, suggesting our task was sensitive to their expertise. To investigate differences in decision-making processes under varying levels of threat and expertise, we analyzed electrophysiological signals originating from the anterior cingulate cortex. In line with similar response inhibition tasks, we found greater increases in preresponse theta power when participants inhibited the response to shoot when under no threat as compared with shooting. Most importantly, we showed that when preparing against threat, theta power increase was greater for experts than novices, suggesting that differences in performance between experts and novices are due to their greater orientation toward threat. Additionally, shorter beta rebounds suggest that experts were “ready for action” sooner. More generally, we demonstrate that the investigation of expert decision-making should incorporate naturalistic stimuli and an appropriate control group to enhance validity.
Does Caring Breed Contempt? Examining the Hypothesis That Activation of a “Parental” Mindset Causes Harsher Moral Judgments
Authors: Hofer Marlise K. , Lai Addison , White Cindel J. M. , Schaller Mark
Published: July 2024

Prior research (most of which is correlational) has suggested that activation of the parental care motivational system may lead people to make harsher moral judgments of social norm violators. We tested this hypothesis in 8 studies (total N = 1790). Seven of the studies were true experiments in which participants made moral judgments after being randomly assigned to either conditions designed to temporarily activate the parental care system or to a control condition. In one of these experiments, participants viewed photographs of either cute animals or furniture and in 6 additional experiments, participants engaged in an autobiographical writing task in which they recalled and wrote about a time they either cared for a child or—in the control conditions that varied across these experiments—had a different experience. In the final non-experimental study, women were recruited in public places and made moral judgments, the harshness of these judgments was compared between those accompanied by a young child versus not accompanied by a young child. The effects (and non-effects) of these procedures on moral judgments were inconsistent across the 8 studies and an internal meta-analysis of the 7 true experiments provided no compelling evidence that the experimental manipulations influenced moral judgments. We hope that these results offer some guidance to future researchers on what methods might—and might not—be effective in activating the parental care system and can support future work on the influence of parental care on moral cognition.
Estanislao Zuleta: el sentido de la aventura
Authors: Díaz Guzmán Omar David
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to support the idea that art is an exploration of conflicts. To achieve this goal, at first it is necessary to understand that a key to interpretation is to assume that conflicts are constitutive of every social bond, and that a harmonious society is a contradiction in terms. In a second moment, we will understand that the conflict will be located in the novel as the fundamental setting where modernity occurs. In a third moment, the questioning of the crisis will take us to the psychoanalytic assumptions to understand the relationship between conflict, modernity and identity based on the concepts of sublimation, oblivion and mourning. Finally, we will try to determine how the three previous moments are synthesized in anthropological vulnerability as a point of contact in the relationship between literature and philosophy.
Biologically active calixarene phosphonic acids
Authors: Kobzar Oleksandr L. , Cherenok Sergiy O. , Kosterin Sergiy O. , Kalchenko Vitaly I. , Vovk Andriy I.
Published: July 2024

Phosphorylated derivatives of organic compounds are known to be capable of inhibiting the activities of enzymes and other proteins responsible for key metabolic pathways. In this connection, the calixarene phosphonic acids are of interest as macrocyclic agents interacting with targets that may be involved in pathological cellular processes. This review presents a literature survey on the synthesis and properties of calix[4]arene phosphonic acids as inhibitors of alkaline phosphatases, protein tyrosine phosphatases, Na,K-ATPase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, and some other enzymes and proteins. Brief information is also given about the inhibitory activity of calix[4]arene derivatives bearing alkyl phosphonate or phosphinic acid groups
International Experience in Adult Education: Transformation of Institutional Forms
Authors: Semenov Maksim Yu. , Kicherova Marina N. , Trifonova Irina S.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of institutional boundaries blurring triggered by the disintegration of traditional institutions, the emergence of new educational formats. The aim is to institutionally analyse the international experience in adult education, explore traditional and new forms, and identify key vectors of change.
Materials and Methods. The methodological framework is an ecosystem approach, comparative, institutional and thematic content analyses of scientific publications. In the first step, the authors analysed statistical data and identified three groups of countries according to the level of adult involvement in lifelong learning. In the second step, the authors conducted a socio-historical review of institutional forms of adult education in different countries.
Results. The analytical review allowed the authors to identify traditional and new institutional forms, as well as their representation in different countries. It was proved that traditional institutions are being replaced by new formats due to the development of digital technologies and the EdTech industry. Traditional institutions are characterized by internal stability, clear boundaries and hierarchy. They are being replaced by flexible, hybrid institutional structures based on digital communication networks with horizontal links. Roles and statuses of participants in the learning process, instructional design, learning pathways, procedures, assessment technologies, which are the key vectors of institutional transformation, have changed.
Discussion and Conclusion. Having analysed historical experience and international best practices in adult education, the authors substantiate a possible evolutionary scenario of institutional changes. The results obtained contribute to the development of scientific ideas about the relationship between the labour market, EdTech industry and institutional forms in adult education to synchronize supply and demand. The study can be used to develop social policy measures for training different population groups and create a national ecosystem of lifelong adult education.
Data Balancing Techniques Using the PCA-KMeans and ADASYN for Possible Stroke Disease Cases
Authors: Ungkawa Uung , Rafi Muhammad Avilla
Published: July 2024

Imbalanced data happens when the distribution of classes is not equal between positive and negative classes. In healthcare, the majority class typically consists of healthy patient data, while the minority class contains sick patient data. This condition can cause the minority class prediction to be wrong because the model tends to predict the majority class. In this study, we use a deep neural network algorithm with focal loss that can deal with class imbalance during training. To balance the data, we use the PCA-KMeans combination model to shrink the dataset and the ADASYN model to give the minority class more samples than it needs. In this study, the research problem is how well the two techniques can improve model performance, especially in minority case classification. The mild model is the best without data balancing, resulting in an accuracy value of 84%. The class 0 F1-score has a value of 86%, whereas the class 1 F1-score has a value of 82%. The moderate model is the best model in the case study of PCA-KMeans balancing data, resulting in an accuracy value of 89%; the class 0 F1-score is 91%; and the class 1 F1-score is 85%. The extreme model is the best model in the ADASYN data balancing case study, resulting in an accuracy value of 95%; the value in class 0 gets a F1-score of 96%, while the value in class 1 gets a F1-score of 96%. Of the three test models, the best model is obtained using ADASYN extreme data balancing with an accuracy value of 95%, the value in class 0 with a F1- score of 93%.
Advertising Exposure, Word of Mouth, and Generation Z Consumer Loyalty in Online Marketplace: The Mediating Influence of Brand Awareness
Authors: Reonald Novel , Aprianti Dian Irma
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the influence of advertising exposure and word of mouth (WOM) on Generation Z consumer loyalty, examining the mediating role of brand awareness in the context of online purchases on marketplace platforms. We employed a quantitative descriptive approach, gathering primary data through questionnaires and observations of Generation Z consumers who have made at least two purchases on Shopee. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the aid of the WarpPLS 7.0 software. The findings reveal that both advertising exposure and WOM significantly enhance brand awareness. Additionally, each has a direct and positive impact on consumer loyalty. However, the influence of advertising exposure and WOM on consumer loyalty does not necessarily require the mediation of brand awareness. These results suggest that Shopee’s robust advertising campaigns and effective WOM communications significantly embed the brand within the consumer's psyche, facilitating easy recall of Shopee as a platform known for attractive promotions. In conclusion, the formation of consumer loyalty can occur directly through advertising exposure and WOM, highlighting their pivotal roles in cultivating enduring consumer loyalty to Shopee.
Mechanistic insight into ochratoxin A adsorption onto the cell wall of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Bm01 and its impact on grape juice quality
Authors: Li Jiang , Gao Lu , Wang Zhirong , Huang Peiwen , Guan Tianzhu , Zheng Xiangfeng
Published: July 2024

The contamination of food products with ochratoxin A (OTA) is a significant and pervasive food safety concern. In this regard, the novel use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to eliminate OTA from food has shown strong potential. The adsorption of OTA to the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Bm01 (Bm01) cell walls has been demonstrated to eliminate OTA from grape juice effectively. The present study investigated the specific components of the Bm01 cell wall on OTA adsorption and evaluated the effect of Bm01 on grape juice quality using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the treatment of methanol and formaldehyde caused cell membrane perforation and enhanced OTA adsorption of Bm01, which reduced 98.35% and 95.13% of OAT, respectively. The involvement of cell wall proteins in the adsorption of OTA was demonstrated because only 5.23% of OTA was removed by Bm01 without cell wall proteins. Lactic (from 0 to 1.69 mg/mL) and acetic acid levels (from 0.14 to 1.45 mg/mL) were increased, malic acid (from1.24 to 0.81 mg/mL), glucose (from 8.8 to 6.91 mg/mL), and fructose (from 12.73 to 7.47 mg/mL) levels were reduced after treatment with Bm01. The addition of Bm01 shows little negative impact on color and light transmission. Overall, the effect of the addition of Bm01 on the quality of grape juice was found to be minimal. These results indicate that Bm01 has the potential to be a viable biological solution for mitigating OTA contamination in beverages, thereby offering a practical and effective method for food safety.
Enhancing the reliability of information in positioning systems on road transport by using parallel information redundancy
Authors: Al-Ammouri Ali , Kharuta Vitalii , Klochan Arsen , Shkurko Olena , Al-Ammori Hasan
Published: July 2024

The object of research is the reliability of information in information-control systems. The work considers a solution to an important scientific and practical problem – increasing the reliability of information in real-time control systems, in particular in positioning systems on road transport. To solve this task, the use of information redundancy, in particular, parallel information redundancy, is proposed. The paper studies the influence of the probability of occurrence of a controlled event, the majority coefficient, as well as the number and quality of information sensors on the reliability of information in an information control system with parallel information redundancy. For these dependences, the corresponding plots were constructed. The paper shows that a change in the quality of information sensors by 20 % can lead to an increase in the reliability of information by more than 0.5. Also, the paper shows that an increase in the majority index by 1 can lead  to a change in the reliability of information by more than 0.3. The paper investigates parallel information redundancy systems with different structures and defines formulas for calculating the probabilistic characteristics of their operation. The mathematical modeling was carried out taking into account the probability of occurrence of the controlled event, which made it possible to determine the tendencies to build information-control systems with parallel information redundancy to control events with variable probability of occurrence. The results obtained are based on the theory of probability. The results reported in this work can be used in the construction of an information and control system with a programmatically variable structure to control the occurrence of an event with a variable probability of occurrence, in particular in positioning systems on road transport
Determining the influence of compaction methods on the physical-mechanical properties of asphalt concrete samples
Authors: Chuguyenko Serhiy , Hamad Rami , Kipnis Denys , Minchenko Maksym
Published: July 2024

The object of this study is the compaction methods of asphalt mixtures under laboratory conditions.
The experience of determining the physical properties of coarse-grained asphalt concretes taken from the layers of the road pavement structure shows that their values do not correspond to those of the samples obtained by laboratory compaction using the pressing method. In 90 % of cases, the density of cores exceeds the density of laboratory samples while the indicators of void content and water saturation are significantly lower than for laboratory samples. The compressive strength indicators of asphalt concrete are almost independent of compaction methods and are not very informative. All of the above leads to the conclusion that the methods of laboratory compaction by pressing do not meet modern requirements.
Low values of water saturation and void content of cores and laboratory samples compacted with a gyrator allow us to argue about outdated approaches to the design of grain compositions of asphalt concrete. Low-informative indicators of compressive strength indicate the need to use other mechanical characteristics that will make it possible to predict the properties of asphalt concrete in the pavement, for example, rutting resistance. As a summary, template solutions in the design of asphalt concrete warehouses and physical and mechanical characteristics are necessary only to establish compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents.
The current work shows that it is almost impossible to predict the properties of asphalt concrete based on laboratory samples obtained by pressing.
All this leads to the need to change the regulatory framework, which is possible by using regulatory documents of the countries in the European Union and the United States of America
Determination the influence of the synthetic antioxidants mixture on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil
Authors: Staroselska Nataliia , Birta Gabriella , Shostia Anatolii , Levoshko Nadiya , Sorokina Svetlana , Akmen Viktoriia , Kolesnyk Viktoriia , Penkina Nataliia , Dyvak Volodymyr , Stets Valentyn
Published: July 2024

The object of the study is the process of sunflower oil oxidation under conditions of increased temperature.
Sunflower oil is one of the most common oils and is used in the chemical, food and other industries. The main type of oil spoilage is oxidation, which is accelerated under the influence of radiation, elevated temperatures, long-term storage with oxygen access. Oxidation products prevent the effective use of oil in chemical reactions and technological processes. An important task is to develop and improve methods for increasing the oxidative stability of sunflower oil using antioxidants.
The oxidation process of refined deodorized frozen sunflower oil according to DSTU 4492 (CAS Number 8001-21-6) was studied by the method of differential scanning calorimetry. The simultaneous effect of synthetic antioxidants (tert-butylhydroquinone, butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluene) in different ratios on the oil induction period at a temperature of 110 °C was determined. The total concentration of the antioxidant mixture in each experiment was 0.02 %. The initial oil induction period is 270.61 min. Rational ratios of antioxidants were determined: tert-butylhydroquinone: butylhydroxyanisole: butylhydroxytoluene (16.67:66.67:16.67) %; tert-butylhydroquinone: butylhydroxyanisole: butylhydroxytoluene (33.33:33.33:33.33) %. The corresponding oil induction periods were 382.56 min. and 385.87 min.
The effect of citric acid (0.005 %) and defoamer (polydimethylsiloxane, 0.0002 %)) on the induction period of oil with the addition of antioxidant mixtures was determined. The corresponding oil induction periods were 420.78 min. and 430.25 min.
The results of the study make it possible to increase the oxidative stability of sunflower oil, which will contribute to the effective use of oil in various areas
Development of a combined system with a hybrid solar collector and determination of its thermal characteristics
Authors: Mysak Stepan , Shapoval Stepan , Hyvliud Anna
Published: July 2024

The object of the study: a system with a photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector.
The main problem addressed is to enhance the conversion and utilization efficiency of solar energy by developing a new design of photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector.
A computer model of the proposed design of a photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector (PVT) was developed, and its thermotechnical characteristics were investigated. Patterns of temperature changes in the heat transfer fluid in PVT and thermal accumulator over time of irradiation were determined. It is shown that the instantaneous thermal power of the solar collector was 540 W/m2, and the efficiency was 0.6. Changes in the instantaneous specific thermal power of the system with PVT (up to 450 W/m2) and its efficiency in heat accumulation in the accumulator (0.5) were studied. The high efficiency of PVT can be explained by its optimal design, which ensures simultaneous production of thermal and electrical energy, as well as balancing of the operation of the thermal and photovoltaic parts. The main difference between the developed model and existing analogs is the comprehensive consideration of the interaction of the thermal and photovoltaic parts in one installation. The model allows optimizing the PVT design to increase its efficiency. The research has allowed developing a new design of a photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector, which ensures high efficiency of conversion and utilization of solar energy.
The obtained results and the developed model provide a basis for further improvement of PVT and its implementation in power systems of buildings and technological processes to increase the share of solar energy utilization and reduce fossil fuel consumption
Revealing patterns in improving the performance of portable smoke and heat removal devices when using fine sprayed water
Authors: Tsapko Yuriy , Nizhnyk Vadym , Prisyazhnuk Vitally , Benediuk Vadym , Klymas Ruslan , Lushch Vasyl , Parkhomenko Volodymyr-Petro , Velykyi Yarema
Published: July 2024

An issue related to the application of portable smoke and heat removal devices for buildings and structures is to provide for their effectiveness when removing smoke and reducing temperature. That us why the object of this study was a change in the performance of a portable smoke and heat removal device when using finely sprayed water. Improved efficiency of the use of portable smoke and heat removal devices was based on experimental studies. It was proved that the reduction of smoke concentration and temperature in the room to the initial conditions was achieved for independent smoke dispersion in 5340 s, and cooling occurred in 3120 s. With the use of a smoke and heat removal agent during air supply, the smoke dissipated in 720 s, and cooling took 1560 s. And with the simultaneous supply of air and a sprayed jet of water, smoke dispersal occurred in 360 s, and cooling in 1020 s, respectively. To determine the efficiency of the smoke and heat release device, a calculation-experimental method has been devised that makes it possible to estimate the coefficient of the smoke and heat release agent when supplying air and water. According to experimental data, it was calculated that the coefficient of effectiveness of the smoke and heat removal devices when supplying air and water compared to the means when supplying only air increases by 2.1 times. The practical significance is that the results were taken into account when devising methodical recommendations for extinguishing fires. Thus, there are reasons to assert the possibility of targeted regulation of the processes of smoke reduction and temperature reduction through the use of a smoke and heat release device that simultaneously supplies air and finely sprayed water