bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Down-regulated FST expression is involved in the poor prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Liu Sainan , Liu Bin , Zhao Qian , Shi Jikang , Gu Yulu , Guo Yanbo , Li Yong , Liu Yunkai , Cheng Yi , Qiao Yichun , Liu Yawen
Published: May 2021

Background

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more commonly associated with young patients, featuring high histological grade, visceral metastasis, and distant recurrence. Follistatin (FST) is a secreted extracellular regulatory protein that antagonizes TGF-β superfamily such as activin and TGF-β related superfamily such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). The implication of FST in the proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis of solid tumors documents good or poor outcome of patients with BC. However, the role of FST in TNBC remains unclear.

Methods

Data of 935 patients with breast cancer (BC) were extracted from TCGA. Case–control study, Kaplan–Meier, uni-multivariate COX, and ROC curve were utilized to investigate the relationship between FST expression and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of BC. Functional studies were used to analyze the effect of FST expression on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of TNBC cell lines. Bioinformatic methods such as volcanoplot, GO annd KEGG enrichment, and protein–protein interactions (PPI) analyses were conducted to further confirm the different roles of FST in the apoptotic pathways among mesenchymal and mesenchymal stem-like cells of TNBC.

Results

Data from TCGA showed that low FST expression correlated with poor prognosis (for univariate analysis, HR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27–0.82, p = 0.008; for multivariate analysis, HR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21–0.75, p = 0.004). Low FST expression provided high predicted value of poor prognosis in TNBC amongst BCs. FST knockdown promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of BT549 and HS578T cell lines. FST inhibited the apoptosis of mesenchymal cells by targeting BMP7.

Conclusions

Low FST expression is associated with poor prognosis of patients with TNBC. FST expressions exhibit the anisotropic roles of apoptosis between mesenchymal and mesenchymal stem-like cells but promote the proliferation, migration, invasion in both of two subtypes of TNBC in vitro. FST may be a subtype-heterogeneous biomarker for monitoring the progress of TNBC.
Maternal bisphenol urine concentrations, fetal growth and adverse birth outcomes: A population-based prospective cohort
Authors: Sol Chalana M. , van Zwol - Janssens Charissa , Philips Elise M. , Asimakopoulos Alexandros G. , Martinez-Moral Maria-Pilar , Kannan Kurunthachalam , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Trasande Leonardo , Santos Susana
Published: May 2021

Background

Exposure to bisphenols may affect fetal growth and development. The trimester-specific effects of bisphenols on repeated measures of fetal growth remain unknown. Our objective was to assess the associations of maternal bisphenol urine concentrations with fetal growth measures and birth outcomes and identify potential critical exposure periods.

Methods

In a population-based prospective cohort study among 1379 pregnant women, we measured maternal bisphenol A, S and F urine concentrations in the first, second and third trimester. Fetal head circumference, length and weight were measured in the second and third trimester by ultrasound and at birth.

Results

An interquartile range increase in maternal pregnancy-averaged bisphenol S concentrations was associated with larger fetal head circumference (difference 0.18 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 0.34) standard deviation scores (SDS), p-value< 0.05) across pregnancy. When focusing on specific critical exposure periods, any detection of first trimester bisphenol S was associated with larger second and third trimester fetal head circumference (difference 0.15 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.26) and 0.12 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.23) SDS, respectively) and fetal weight (difference 0.12 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.22) and 0.16 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.26) SDS, respectively). The other bisphenols were not consistently associated with fetal growth outcomes. Any detection of bisphenol S and bisphenol F in first trimester was also associated with a lower risk of being born small size for gestational age (Odds Ratio 0.56 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.74) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.85), respectively). Bisphenols were not associated with risk of preterm birth.

Conclusions

Higher maternal bisphenol S urine concentrations, especially in the first trimester, seem to be related with larger fetal head circumference, higher weight and a lower risk of being small size for gestational age at birth.
LAMA3 DNA methylation and transcriptome changes associated with chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Feng Li-yuan , Huang Yong-zhi , Zhang Wei , Li Li
Published: May 2021

Objective

LAMA3 is a widely studied methylated gene in multiple tumors, but the relationship between chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer is unclear. In this study, LAMA3 methylation was predicted by bioinformatics, and the ability of LAMA3 methylation to predict the chemotherapy resistance and prognosis of ovarian cancer was confirmed in experiments.

Methods

Multiple databases have performed the bioinformatics analysis of methylation and transcription factor binding site (TFBS) on the promoter region of LAMA3 gene. Pyrosequencing detected the methylation of LAMA3. QRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry detected the expression of LAMA3. Real Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) detects changes in cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis.

Results

CPG islands of 176 bp, 134 bp, 125 bp and 531 bp were predicted in the promoter region of LAMA3 gene. The 4 prediction results are basically overlapped. 7 transcription factor binding sites were predicted, and the one with the highest score was on the predicted CpG island located in the proximal promoter region. LAMA3 hypermethylation and low expression are both associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. LAMA3 methylation was negatively correlated with expression. After upregulation of LAMA3, the proliferation ability of chemoresistant ovarian cancer cell decreased, while the ability of apoptosis, invasion and migration increased.

Conclusion

LAMA3 hypermethylation is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis. As a typical CpG island gene, LAMA3(cg20937934) and LAMA3(cg13270625) hypermethylation is negatively correlated with low expression. LAMA3 promotes the invasion, migration and apoptosis of SKOV3DDP. In the future, the mechanism of LAMA3 methylation in ovarian cancer will need to be further studied.
Selective cannabis strain allergy in a patient presenting with a local allergic reaction
Authors: Stepaniuk Peter , Kanani Amin
Published: May 2021

Background

Cannabis use is growing domestically due to recent legalization in many jurisdictions. There are two main species of cannabis, Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica, and thousands of different commercially available cannabis strains. Although there are multiple reports of cannabis allergy in the literature, to our knowledge, there is no prior published report of selective cannabis strain allergy.

Case presentation

A 31-year-old male was referred for allergy assessment due to several episodes of localized pruritus and erythema after direct contact with various strains of cannabis. He had noted that the severity of his reaction appeared to be strain dependent. He developed a severe local reaction involving bilateral periorbital edema shortly after coming into direct contact with one particular strain of cannabis. He denied any adverse symptoms after inhalation of cannabis. Fresh skin prick testing was performed to various strains of cannabis and had positive testing to the three of the five tested strains.

Conclusions

We believe this is the first reported case of selective cannabis strain allergy based on patient history and skin prick testing. This case report outlines the variability in different strains of cannabis and stresses the importance of further research into cannabis allergen identification. Multiple cannabis allergens should be included and incorporated into commercial extracts when they become routinely available.
Fatal Streptococcus pseudoporcinus disseminated infection in decompensated liver cirrhosis: a case report
Authors: Liatsos George D. , Tsiriga Athanasia , Dourakis Spyridon P.
Published: May 2021

Background

Streptococcus pseudoporcinus (S. pseudoporcinus) was first identified in 2006. It cross-reacts with Lancefield group B antigen agglutination reagents and has been misidentified as S. agalactiae. Sites of S. pseudoporcinus isolation include the female genitourinary tract, urine, wounds, and dairy products. The prevalence of vaginal colonization is reportedly between 1 and 5.4%. Two uneventful cases of soft tissue infection caused by S. pseudoporcinus were reported in the past. However, since late 2019, six cases of invasive S. pseudoporcinus infections have emerged in the literature, one of which was fatal.

Case presentation

We describe a fatal case of a Caucasian male with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with bacteremia due to a multidrug-resistant S. pseudoporcinus strain in a patient with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Despite the patient’s good general condition and stable blood test results when he had visited the outpatient clinic for large-volume paracentesis a few days before admission, this time he presented to the emergency department with a rapidly worsening clinical condition and with laboratory features consistent with multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome, and succumbed within a short period.

Conclusions

Contrary to what was thought until recently, multidrug-resistant S. pseudoporcinus may cause invasive, disseminated, fatal disease in humans. According to current limited data, vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, and tetracycline seem to be the most effective antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant strains, and should be the empirical choice in cases of disseminated S. pseudoporcinus infection until laboratory antimicrobial susceptibility results are available. Improvements and new approaches for bacterial identification in routine clinical microbiology laboratories may reveal the real spectrum of S. pseudoporcinus infections in humans, which is currently believed to be underestimated. SS. pseudoporcinus could emerge as a serious medical problem in the near future, similar to other β-hemolytic streptococci.
Sex differences in the intestinal microbiome: interactions with risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Ahmed Shamon , Spence J. David
Published: May 2021

Background

There are clearly sex differences in cardiovascular disease. On average, women experience cardiovascular events at an older age, and at any age, women, on average, have less atherosclerotic plaque than men. The role of the human intestinal microbiome in health and disease has garnered significant interest in recent years, and there have been indications of sex differences in the intestinal microbiome. The purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate evidence of sex differences in the interaction between the intestinal microbiome and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Several studies have demonstrated changes in microbiota composition and metabolic profile as a function of diet, sex hormones, and host metabolism, among other factors. This dysbiosis has consequently been associated with several disease states, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In this respect, there is a growing appreciation for the microbiota and its secreted metabolites, including trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), derived from intestinal bacterial metabolic pathways involving dietary choline and l-carnitine, as novel risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular outcomes. Although traditional risk factors for vascular disease have been studied broadly over the years, there exists little research to evaluate interactions of cardiovascular risk factors with a potentially sexually dimorphic intestinal microbiome. This review evaluates the role of sex differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiome, including effects of sex hormones on the microbiome, and the effects of these sex differences on cardiovascular risk factors. Diabetes and obesity exhibit sexual dimorphism, while the data concerning hypertension and dyslipidemia remain inconclusive based on the available literature. In addition, an increased proportion of gram-negative species capable of driving metabolic endotoxemia and a low-grade inflammatory response, as well as decreased numbers of butyrate-producing species, have been observed in relation to traditional vascular risk factors. In this context, circulating SCFAs and TMAO are recognized as key metabolites of the intestinal microbiome that can be readily measured in the blood for the evaluation of metabolic profile.

Conclusion

Novel strategies focused on resolving intestinal dysbiosis as a means to slow progression of atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease should be evaluated through a lens of sex differences.
Neurohormonal activation induces intracellular iron deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac cells
Authors: Tajes M. , Díez-López C. , Enjuanes C. , Moliner P. , Ferreiro J. L. , Garay A. , Jiménez-Marrero S. , Yun S. , Sosa S. G. , Alcoberro L. , González-Costello J. , García-Romero E. , Yañez-Bisbe L. , Benito B. , Comín-Colet J.
Published: May 2021

Background

Iron deficiency (ID) is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with poor outcomes, yet its role in the pathophysiology of HF is not well-defined. We sought to determine the consequences of HF neurohormonal activation in iron homeostasis and mitochondrial function in cardiac cells.

Methods

HF was induced in C57BL/6 mice by using isoproterenol osmotic pumps and embryonic rat heart-derived H9c2 cells were subsequently challenged with Angiotensin II and/or Norepinephrine. The expression of several genes and proteins related to intracellular iron metabolism were assessed by Real time-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. The intracellular iron levels were also determined. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by studying the mitochondrial membrane potential, the accumulation of radical oxygen species (ROS) and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.

Results

Hearts from isoproterenol-stimulated mice showed a decreased in both mRNA and protein levels of iron regulatory proteins, transferrin receptor 1, ferroportin 1 and hepcidin compared to control mice. Furthermore, mitoferrin 2 and mitochondrial ferritin were also downregulated in the hearts from HF mice. Similar data regarding these key iron regulatory molecules were found in the H9c2 cells challenged with neurohormonal stimuli. Accordingly, a depletion of intracellular iron levels was found in the stimulated cells compared to non-stimulated cells, as well as in the hearts from the isoproterenol-induced HF mice. Finally, neurohormonal activation impaired mitochondrial function as indicated by the accumulation of ROS, the impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and the decrease in the ATP levels in the cardiac cells.

Conclusions

HF characteristic neurohormonal activation induced changes in the regulation of key molecules involved in iron homeostasis, reduced intracellular iron levels and impaired mitochondrial function. The current results suggest that iron could be involved in the pathophysiology of HF.
Genomic reconstruction of fossil and living microorganisms in ancient Siberian permafrost
Authors: Liang Renxing , Li Zhou , Lau Vetter Maggie C. Y. , Vishnivetskaya Tatiana A. , Zanina Oksana G. , Lloyd Karen G. , Pfiffner Susan M. , Rivkina Elizaveta M. , Wang Wei , Wiggins Jessica , Miller Jennifer , Hettich Robert L. , Onstott Tullis C.
Published: May 2021

Background

Total DNA (intracellular, iDNA and extracellular, eDNA) from ancient permafrost records the mixed genetic repository of the past and present microbial populations through geological time. Given the exceptional preservation of eDNA under perennial frozen conditions, typical metagenomic sequencing of total DNA precludes the discrimination between fossil and living microorganisms in ancient cryogenic environments. DNA repair protocols were combined with high throughput sequencing (HTS) of separate iDNA and eDNA fraction to reconstruct metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from ancient microbial DNA entrapped in Siberian coastal permafrost.

Results

Despite the severe DNA damage in ancient permafrost, the coupling of DNA repair and HTS resulted in a total of 52 MAGs from sediments across a chronosequence (26–120 kyr). These MAGs were compared with those derived from the same samples but without utilizing DNA repair protocols. The MAGs from the youngest stratum showed minimal DNA damage and thus likely originated from viable, active microbial species. Many MAGs from the older and deeper sediment appear related to past aerobic microbial populations that had died upon freezing. MAGs from anaerobic lineages, includingAsgardarchaea, however exhibited minimal DNA damage and likely represent extant living microorganisms that have become adapted to the cryogenic and anoxic environments. The integration of aspartic acid racemization modeling and metaproteomics further constrained the metabolic status of the living microbial populations. Collectively, combining DNA repair protocols with HTS unveiled the adaptive strategies of microbes to long-term survivability in ancient permafrost.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that coupling of DNA repair protocols with simultaneous sequencing of iDNA and eDNA fractions enabled the assembly of MAGs from past and living microorganisms in ancient permafrost. The genomic reconstruction from the past and extant microbial populations expanded our understanding about the microbial successions and biogeochemical alterations from the past paleoenvironment to the present-day frozen state. Furthermore, we provided genomic insights into long-term survival mechanisms of microorganisms under cryogenic conditions through geological time. The combined strategies in this study can be extrapolated to examine other ancient non-permafrost environments and constrain the search for past and extant extraterrestrial life in permafrost and ice deposits on Mars.
Futures of area-based initiatives in German education: results from a quantitative Delphi survey
Authors: Duveneck Anika , Grund Julius , de Haan Gerhard , Wahler Kathrin
Published: May 2021

To support schools, improve learning outcomes, create innovative learning opportunities, and reduce social disadvantage, many countries have introduced policies to mandate or incentivize educational networks in the last decade. This study focuses on Germany, where around 80% of municipalities established area-based initiative (ABI) structures following a broad range of ABIs. However, research has revealed a gap between intentions and implementation: There is a strong bias toward governance structures, while educational aims have not been achieved.

To provide a foundation for purposeful development, a Delphi study has been conducted. Based on a sample of 180 nationwide ABI experts, data was collected in two steps using an online questionnaire on preferred and probable developments in crucial ABI fields. Statistical analyses offer insights into the relation between desirability and expectation and the degree of consensus or divergence among experts. The study shows that after 10 years of experience, the discrepancy between intentions and implementation is expected to remain. Further, it reveals tendencies on the level of governance and thereby contributes to identifying the scope of ABIs. The study concludes that, for future development, it is necessary to define ABIs’ contributions to their initial aims and to reassess their legitimacy.
Design considerations of an IL13Rα2 antibody–drug conjugate for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Lian Xiaolei , Kats Dina , Rasmussen Samuel , Martin Leah R. , Karki Anju , Keller Charles , Berlow Noah E.
Published: May 2021

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), a rare pediatric brain tumor, afflicts approximately 350 new patients each year in the United States. DIPG is noted for its lethality, as fewer than 1% of patients survive to five years. Multiple clinical trials involving chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or targeted therapy have all failed to improve clinical outcomes. Recently, high-throughput sequencing of a cohort of DIPG samples identified potential therapeutic targets, including interleukin 13 receptor subunit alpha 2 (IL13Rα2) which was expressed in multiple tumor samples and comparably absent in normal brain tissue, identifying IL13Rα2 as a potential therapeutic target in DIPG. In this work, we investigated the role of IL13Rα2 signaling in progression and invasion of DIPG and viability of IL13Rα2 as a therapeutic target through the use of immunoconjugate agents. We discovered that IL13Rα2 stimulation via canonical ligands demonstrates minimal impact on both the cellular proliferation and cellular invasion of DIPG cells, suggesting IL13Rα2 signaling is non-essential for DIPG progression in vitro. However, exposure to an anti-IL13Rα2 antibody–drug conjugate demonstrated potent pharmacological response in DIPG cell models both in vitro and ex ovo in a manner strongly associated with IL13Rα2 expression, supporting the potential use of targeting IL13Rα2 as a DIPG therapy. However, the tested ADC was effective in most but not all cell models, thus selection of the optimal payload will be essential for clinical translation of an anti-IL13Rα2 ADC for DIPG.
Mixed mode monolithic sorbent in pipette tip for extraction of ractopamine and clenbuterol prior to analysis by HPLC-UV and UHPLC-Q ExactiveTM Plus Orbitrap MS
Authors: Ar-sanork Kesara , Karuwan Chanpen , Surapanich Nakin , Wilairat Prapin , Nacapricha Duangjai , Chaisuwan Patcharin
Published: May 2021

This work developed a fast and simple method for the quantification of two important β-agonists, ractopamine (RAC) and clenbuterol (CLEN) in animal urines. The method was based on micro-extraction by a mixed mode monolithic material and analysis by HPLC-UV and UHPLC-Q ExactiveTM Plus Orbitrap mass spectrometer. A mixed functional monolith with nonpolar ester-based structure containing polar carboxylic groups was thermally synthesized in situ in the pipette tips. The material combines both hydrophobic and ionic interactions. Parameters including conditions and composition of reagents for the in-pipette tip monolith synthesis, as well as the extraction process, were investigated and optimized. The procedure for extraction is 800 μL washing solvent of 10:90 (v/v) ACN:water and 150 μL eluting solvent of 30:70 (v/v) ACN:200 mM acetate buffer pH 4.0. Extraction efficiencies of 92% and 100% for RAC and CLEN, respectively, were achieved within 5 min with total organic solvent consumption of 395 μL. The extracts of spiked cattle and swine urines were analyzed by HPLC-UV and UHPLC-Q ExactiveTM Plus Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Good recovery with acceptable precision was observed. The mass spectrometry data confirmed efficient matrix removal by the synthesized extraction sorbent allowing routine analysis by the HPLC-UV method.
Development and assessment of feasibility of a community-based peer support intervention to mitigate social isolation and stigma of adolescent motherhood in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tinago Chiwoneso B. , Frongillo Edward A. , Warren Andrea M. , Chitiyo Vivian , Cifarelli Ashley K. , Fyalkowski Shannon , Pauline Victoria
Published: May 2021

Background

Adolescent mothers in Zimbabwe often experience stigma, isolation, and lack coping skills and resources to successfully navigate motherhood. Social isolation and stigma are linked to poor mental health outcomes. No interventions currently address mental health of adolescent mothers in Zimbabwe. Peer support groups in other contexts have been effective at increasing social connectedness, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, providing coping mechanisms to manage stigma experiences, in addition to empowering and improving mental health of adolescents and adolescent mothers. To develop a community-based peer support intervention, we aimed to understand the unique needs of adolescent mothers, how peer support groups could address those needs, and the feasibility of implementing the intervention.

Methods

Focus group discussions were conducted with 86 adolescent mothers aged 14–18 years, 24 community health workers, and 25 key community stakeholders in a low-income high-density community in Harare. Data were analyzed thematically using NVivo 12 software.

Results

Participants described adolescent mother experiences with stigma and social isolation, in addition to challenges including gossip, lack of employment and educational opportunities, and gaps in services and programming. Peer support groups for adolescent mothers were welcomed to improve mental health, social support, knowledge sharing, and skills building. Participants identified varying preferred frequency and duration of group sessions addressing topics including income generation, mental health, and gossip, facilitated by community health workers at health and community centers. The use of WhatsApp Messenger to support intervention efforts was welcomed as an affordable and user-friendly platform to share information. Implementation (i.e., training, supervision, frequency, location, and co-facilitation) was feasible.

Conclusions

Adolescent mothers, community health workers and key community stakeholders welcomed the peer support groups as a feasible way to address the mothers’ needs.
Keeping adults physically active after Falls Management Exercise (FaME) programmes end: development of a physical activity maintenance intervention
Authors: Audsley Sarah , Kendrick Denise , Logan Pip , Orton Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Background

Falls prevention exercise programmes help to improve muscle strength, balance and physical function, and reduce falling rates in older adults. Improvements in muscle strength, balance and physical function are reversed if older adults do not continue to be physically active after falls prevention exercise programmes end. This paper describes the design process of an intervention that aimed to maintain physical activity in older adults exiting falls prevention exercise programmes.

Methods

The development of the Keeping Adults Physically Active (KAPA) intervention and its implementation plan was guided by Bartholomew’s Intervention Mapping approach. The intervention mapping approach involved (1) performing a needs assessment and developing intervention objectives using previous literature; (2) identifying theory-based intervention strategies from a systematic review and the National Institute of Clinical Excellence guidelines; and (3) designing the KAPA intervention and its implementation plan with the guidance from an expert steering group.

Results

The KAPA intervention comprised of six group sessions of motivational interviewing, delivered monthly by trained and mentor-supported falls prevention practitioners. Intervention sessions lasted up to 90 min and were delivered in community settings over a 6-month duration. Participant manuals, illustrated exercise books, physical activity diaries and pedometers supported the KAPA intervention.

Conclusions

The intervention development process, consisting of Bartholomew’s Intervention Mapping approach and the input from an expert steering group, was successful in creating the evidence-based KAPA intervention ready to be evaluated in a feasibility trial.
Prospects of botanical pesticides in management of Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) under laboratory and field conditions
Authors: Ugwu Juliana Amaka
Published: May 2021

Background

Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca Walker, is a major insect pest of Milicia excelsa (Iroko) seedling hampering its propagation in West Africa. Milicia excelsa is an indigenous forest timber tree in the tropical rain forest of West Africa with a very high value in international trade due to its wood quality. Sustainable management of P. fusca infestations on Iroko seedlings have not been achieved due to their cryptic nature and multivoltine generations. This study evaluated the residual and contact effects of crude ethanol and aqueous extracts of four plants (Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas, Piper guineense, and Aframomum melegueta) on adult P. fusca in the laboratory and field.

Results

All the extracts had residual effects and contact effects on adult insects in the laboratory at 75% and 100% concentrations of applications. Azadirachta indica, P. guineense, and A. melegueta gave 80–100% adult mortality at both concentrations in the laboratory; their efficacies were comparable to cypermethrin. The ethanol extracts of P. guineense and A. indica were more effective than other extracts in protecting the seedlings against Phytolyma infestations in the field. They significantly (p < 0.01) reduced infestation compared to other extracts and control. Ethanol extracts of the tested plant materials were more effective than their aqueous extracts both in the laboratory and field.

Conclusion

The results proved that P. guineense and A. indica extracts were very potent and promising in protecting Milicia excelsa seedlings against Phytolyma fusca infestations and they can be used in the early management of Phytolyma infestations in the field.
Ipsilateral access portal venous embolization (PVE) for preoperative hypertrophy exhibits low complication rates in Clavien-Dindo and CIRSE scales
Authors: Brüning Roland , Schneider Martin , Tiede Michel , Wohlmuth Peter , Stavrou Gregor , von Hahn Thomas , Ehrenfeld Andrea , Reese Tim , Makridis Georgios , Stang Axel , Oldhafer Karl J.
Published: May 2021

Background

Portal venous embolization (PVE) is a minimal invasive preoperative strategy that aims to increase future liver remnant (FLR) in order to facilitate extended hemihepatectomy. We analyzed our data retrospectively regarding complications and degree of hypertrophy (DH).

Methods: 88 patients received PVE either by particles / coils (n = 77) or by glue / oil (n = 11), supported by 7 right hepatic vein embolizations (HVE) by coils or occluders. All complications were categorized by the Clavien- Dindo (CD) and the CIRSE classification.

Results

In 88 patients (median age 68 years) there was one intervention with a biliary leak and subsequent drainage (complication grade 3 CD, CIRSE 3), two with prolonged hospital stay (grade 2 CD, grade 3 CIRSE) and 13 complications grade 1 CD, but no complications of grade 4 or higher neither in Clavien- Dindo nor in CIRSE classification. The median relative increase in FLR was 47% (SD 35%). The mean pre-intervention standardized FLR rose from 23% (SD 10%) to a post-intervention standardized FLR of 32% (SD 12%). The degree of hypertrophy (DH) was 9,3% (SD 5,2%) and the kinetic growth rate (KGR) per week was 2,06 (SD 1,84).

Conclusion

PVE and, if necessary, additional sequential HVE were safe procedures with a low rate of complications and facilitated sufficient preoperative hypertrophy of the future liver remnant.
A case of infra-nodal Wenckebach conduction block with alternating bundle branch block
Authors: Khmao Pichmanil , Hwang Chun , Pak Hui-Nam
Published: May 2021

Background

Atrioventricular (AV) node normally has decremental conduction property and a longer refractory period than His-Purkinje system (HPS). This results in AV conduction delay or block at the level of AV node in response to short-coupled atrial premature beats. Prolonged refractoriness in HPS can produce unusual physiological patterns of AV conduction such as conduction delay or infra-nodal block in the distal elements of HPS.

Case presentation

We present a case in which atrial premature stimulation produces infra-nodal Wenckebach conduction block which initiates long-short cycle sequence within the bundle branches resulted in alternating bundle branch block and atypical pattern of Ashman phenomenon.

Conclusions

This case highlights the importance of recognizing the unusual physiological AV conduction patterns of HPS. The long-short cycle sequence in the bundle branches of distal HPS and linking phenomenon can result in alternating bundle branch block without the presence of HPS disease.
Chronic intracranial hypertension after cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis – frequency and risk factors
Authors: Geisbüsch Christina , Herweh Christian , Gumbinger Christoph , Ringleb Peter A. , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Nagel Simon
Published: May 2021

Background

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) can infrequently lead to chronical intracranial hypertension (IH) due to the altered venous drainage. The aim of this study was to ascertain the risk of IH after CVST and to stratify underlying risk factors.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all cases treated for acute CVST at our department between 2013 and 2019. IH was diagnosed at follow-up according to the modified Dandy criteria. CVST-patients with and without IH were descriptively compared conforming to available clinical and radiological data as well as outcomes.

Results

Our study included 102 patients with acute CVST. In 70 cases complete follow-up data was available (68.6%). Seven of these patients developed symptomatic intracranial hypertension (10%; N = 7, n = 70) within a median follow-up of 6 months. Four of these patients (57.1% (N = 4, n = 7) vs. 3.2% (N = 2, n = 63); p < 0.001) presented recurrent sinus thrombosis in the further course. There were no significant differences between patients with or without IH concerning gender, age, risk factors, occluded vessels and treatment for their CVST. However the presence of visual deterioration at initial admission was higher in patients who developed IH afterwards (57.1% (N = 4, n = 7) vs. 20.6% (N = 13, n = 63); p = 0.03). Patients with chronic IH after CVST showed significantly less likely recanalization of the occluded vessel on follow-up MRI (no recanalization in 28.6% (N = 2, n = 7) vs. 4.8% (N = 3, n = 63); p = 0.02). All patients with IH had a good outcome (mRS 0–2) at discharge and follow-up.

Conclusion

IH occurred in around 10% after CVST. Insufficient recanalization status may facilitate IH. Patients with visual disturbances seem to develop more likely IH afterwards. Patients who present IH after CVST may develop recurrent cerebral venous thrombosis.
Tanning capacity of Tessmannia burttii extracts: the potential eco-friendly tanning agents for the leather industry
Authors: China Cecilia R. , Nyandoro Stephen S. , Munissi Joan J. E. , Maguta Mihayo M. , Meyer Michael , Schroepfer Michaela
Published: May 2021

In the present study, the tannins from stem and root barks of Tessmannia burttii Harms (Caesalpiniaceae), a plant species abundantly growing in Tanzania and other parts of Africa, were investigated for their suitability in hides tanning. Tannin powder was extracted at selected temperatures (30, 50 and 80 °C) and the influence of each temperature on the crosslinking capacity was evaluated. The interaction mechanism between hide powder collagen and the tannins was studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), trinitrobenzensulfonic (TNBS) acid assay and amino acid hydrolysis methods. Extraction temperatures showed low influence on crosslinking capacity of the tannins. However, extract obtained at 50 °C exhibited best performance in terms of gap size between Tonset and Tpeak. The stem bark extract yield was higher than that from the root bark, but both were within the recommended ranges. The tannin content (61%) of T. burttii stem bark extract was above recommended value (10%), whereas its total phenolic content and total flavonoic content were found to be above that of commercial Acacia mearnsii tannin. The study of cross-linking parameters as a function of pH showed cross-linking to occur via a covalent mechanism at the basic amino groups. However, the bonds were not resistant to acid hydrolysis. The observed interaction mechanism indicated that tannins from stem and root barks of T. burttii belong to the condensed tannin, similar to A. mearnsii (black wattle), a commercial tannin source that was used in this study as a reference. Findings from this study depict that T. burttii extracts are auspicious eco-friendly alternative source of vegetable tannins to overcome the use of chromium salts in the leather industry.

Graphical abstract
Effect of Orlistat on Live Birth Rate in Overweight or Obese Women Undergoing IVF-ET: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Wang Ze , Zhao Junli , Ma Xiang , Sun Yun , Hao Guimin , Yang Aijun , Ren Wenchao , Jin Lei , Lu Qun , Wu Gengxiang , Ling Xiufeng , Hao Cuifang , Zhang Bo , Liu Xinyu , Yang Dongzi , Zhu Yimin , Li Jing , Bao Hongchu , Wang Ancong , Liu Jianqiao , Chen Zi-Jiang , Tan Jichun , Shi Yuhua
Published: May 2021

Context

Obesity management prior to infertility treatment remains a challenge. To date, results from randomized clinical trials involving weight loss by lifestyle interventions have shown no evidence of improved live birth rate.

Objective

This work aimed to determine whether pharmacologic weight-loss intervention before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) can improve live birth rate among overweight or obese women.

Methods

We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial across 19 reproductive medical centers in China, from July 2017 to January 2019. A total of 877 infertile women scheduled for IVF who had a body mass index of 25 or greater were randomly assigned to receive orlistat (n = 439) or placebo (n = 438) treatment for 4 to 12 weeks. The main outcome measurement was the live birth rate after fresh ET.

Results

The live birth rate was not significantly different between the 2 groups (112 of 439 [25.5%] with orlistat and 112 of 438 [25.6%] with placebo; P = .984). No significant differences existed between the groups as to the rates of conception, clinical pregnancy, or pregnancy loss. A statistically significant increase in singleton birth weight was observed after orlistat treatment (3487.50 g vs 3285.17 g in the placebo group; P = .039). The mean change in body weight during the intervention was −2.49 kg in the orlistat group, as compared to −1.22 kg in the placebo group, with a significant difference (P = .005).

Conclusion

Orlistat treatment, prior to IVF-ET, did not improve the live birth rate among overweight or obese women, although it was beneficial for weight reduction.
Tamoxifen Treatment in the Neonatal Period Affects Glucose Homeostasis in Adult Mice in a Sex-Dependent Manner
Authors: Estrada-Meza Judith , Videlo Jasmine , Bron Clara , Saint-Béat Cécile , Silva Marine , Duboeuf François , Peyruchaud Olivier , Rajas Fabienne , Mithieux Gilles , Gautier-Stein Amandine
Published: May 2021

Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to activate the CREERT2 recombinase, allowing tissue-specific and temporal control of the somatic mutagenesis to generate transgenic mice. Studies integrating development and metabolism require a genetic modification induced by a neonatal tamoxifen administration. Here, we investigate the effects of a neonatal tamoxifen administration on energy homeostasis in adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. C57BL/6J male and female mouse pups received a single injection of tamoxifen 1 day after birth (NTT) and were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet at 6 weeks of age. We measured weight, body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance, basal metabolism, and tibia length and weight in adult mice. The neonatal tamoxifen administration exerted long-term, sex-dependent effects on energy homeostasis. NTT female mice became overweight and developed impaired glucose control in comparison to vehicle-treated littermates. NTT females exhibited 60% increased fat mass, increased food intake, decreased physical activity and energy expenditure, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, and fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. In contrast, NTT male mice exhibited a modest amelioration of glucose and insulin tolerance and long-term decreased lean mass linked to decreased bone weight. These results suggest that the neonatal tamoxifen administration exerted a marked and sex-dependent influence on adult energy homeostasis and bone weight and must therefore be used with caution for the development of transgenic mouse models regarding studies on energy homeostasis and bone biology.
Pregnancy-specific Reference Intervals for BNP and NT-pro BNP—Changes in Natriuretic Peptides Related to Pregnancy
Authors: Dockree Samuel , Brook Jennifer , Shine Brian , James Tim , Vatish Manu
Published: May 2021

Context

Cardiac disease is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the UK, so accurate cardiovascular diagnoses in pregnancy are essential. BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) and NT-pro BNP (N-terminal-pro BNP) are useful clinical tools for investigating suspected peripartum cardiomyopathy but, as the pregnancy-specific reference intervals are undefined, it is uncertain how they should be interpreted in pregnant women.

Objectives

To define trimester-specific 95% reference intervals for BNP and NT-pro BNP in pregnancy.

Methods

Longitudinal study of 260 healthy pregnant women, with sampling in each trimester.

Results

The upper reference limit for NT-pro BNP was 200 pg/mL in the first and second trimesters, and 150 pg/mL in the third. Levels were significantly reduced in overweight women in the third trimester (P = .0001), which supports the partitioning of reference intervals by body mass index (BMI). The upper limit for BNP was 50 pg/mL, with no detectable trimester-related differences. Although other biomarkers (hemoglobin and platelets) fell throughout pregnancy, both natriuretic peptides were initially elevated before falling by the third trimester, suggesting that the observed changes in natriuretic peptides are driven by dynamic interplay between cardiac strain and progressive hemodilution. NT-pro BNP in the first trimester was inversely associated with neonatal birthweight at term (P = .011).

Conclusion

Cardiac biomarkers have an important role for investigating suspected disease in high-risk pregnant women, but a robust assessment of the levels expected in healthy pregnant women is an essential prerequisite to their application in clinical practice. This study has defined trimester- and BMI-specific reference intervals for NT-pro BNP and BNP, which may improve how women with suspected cardiovascular disease are investigated in pregnancy.
Διερεύνηση των χαρακτηριστικών των διασκευασμένων κειμένων των γλωσσικών εγχειριδίων της Στ' τάξης του Δημοτικού σχολείου στη βάση της πολιτικής ορθότητας
Authors: Σουβλίδη Μαρία
Published: May 2021

Στην παρούσα εργασία διερευνώνται τα χαρακτηριστικά των περιεχομένων των διασκευασμένων κειμένων στο σχολικό εγχειρίδιο γλώσσας της έκτης Δημοτικού της πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης και ο βαθμός προσαρμογής στη «βάση του σεβασμού των ευαισθησιών και του κοινού αισθήματος», όπως ορίζουν οι οδηγίες προς τους συγγραφείς. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό πραγματοποιείται σημασιολογική ανάλυση των διασκευασμένων κειμένων και σύγκριση με τα πρωτότυπα κείμενα από τα οποία προήλθαν. Η σύγκριση αυτή επιχειρείται στον άξονα της συνταγματικής οργάνωσης, στον άξονα της παραδειγματικής ανάγνωσης και στον άξονα της ιδεολογικής ανάγνωσης, σύμφωνα με την πρακτική ανάλυσης των αφηγηματικών κειμένων του Greimas (1966). Από την ανάλυση και σύγκριση του περιεχομένου των διασκευασμένων με τα πρωτότυπα κείμενα προκύπτει μια μορφή μετατόπισης των αξιών που σηματοδοτεί μια μορφή μετατόπισης του ιδεολογικού τους υποβαθρού. Διαπιστώνεται πως τα χαρακτηριστικά της μετατόπισης του ενδιαφέροντος από τα πρωτότυπα στα διασκευασμένα κείμενα δεν παρουσιάζουν στοιχεία συμβατότητας με τις αρχές του κριτικού Γραμματισμού, της Θεωρίας της Παιδαγωγικής των Κειμένων, της κριτικής κειμενοκεντρικής προσέγγισης και της Κριτικής Επικοινωνιακής Διδασκαλίας.
Virtual screening of curcumin analogues as DYRK2 inhibitor: Pharmacophore analysis, molecular docking and dynamics, and ADME prediction
Authors: Aman La Ode , Kartasasmita Rahmana Emran , Tjahjono Daryono Hadi
Published: May 2021

Background: Curcumin reduces the proliferation of cancer cells through inhibition of the DYRK2 enzyme, which is a positive regulator of the 26S proteasome.

Methods: In the present work, curcumin analogues have been screened from the MolPort database using a pharmacophore model that comprised a ligand-based approach. The result of the screening was then evaluated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics based on binding the free energy of the interaction between each compound with the binding pocket of DYRK2. The hit compounds were then confirmed by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) prediction.

Results: Screening of 7.4 million molecules from the MolPort database afforded six selected hit compounds. By considering the ADME prediction, three prospective curcumin analogues have been selected. These are:  2‐[2‐(1‐methylpyrazol‐4‐yl)ethyl]‐1H,5H,6H,7H,8H‐imidazo[4,5‐c]azepin‐4‐one (Molport-035-369-361), methyl 4‐(3‐hydroxy‐1,2‐oxazol‐5‐yl)piperidine‐1‐carboxylate (Molport-000-004-273) and (1S)‐1‐[5‐(furan‐3‐carbonyl)‐4H,6H,7H‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrazin‐2‐yl]ethanol (MolPort-035-585-822).

Conclusion: Pharmacophore modelling, combined with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, as well as ADME prediction were successfully applied to screen curcumin analogues from the MolPort database as DYRK2 inhibitors. All selected compounds that have better predicted pharmacokinetic properties than that of curcumin are considered for further study.
Coexistence of chaotic attractor and unstable limit cycles in a 3D dynamical system
Authors: Constantinescu Dana , Tigan Gheorghe , Zhang Xiang
Published: May 2021

The coexistence of stable limit cycles and chaotic attractors has already been observed in some 3D dynamical systems. In this paper we show, using the T-system, that unstable limit cycles and chaotic attractors can also coexist. Moreover, by completing the characterization of the existence of invariant algebraic surfaces and their associated global dynamics, we give a better understanding on the disappearance of the strange attractor and the limit cycles of the studied system.
The genome sequence of the common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber 1774
Authors: Vine Christopher , Teeling Emma C. , Smith Michelle , Corton Craig , Oliver Karen , Skelton Jason , Betteridge Emma , Doulcan Jale , Quail Michael A. , McCarthy Shane A. , Howe Kerstin , Torrance James , Wood Jonathan , Pelan Sarah , Sims Ying , Challis Richard , Threlfall Jonathan , Mead Daniel , Blaxter Mark
Published: May 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Pipistrellus pipistrellus (the common pipistrelle; Chordata; Mammalia; Chiroptera; Vespertilionidae). The genome sequence is 1.76 gigabases in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 21 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the X sex chromosome assembled.
Colour Training of Future Hairdressing Specialists
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Hetman Oksana
Published: May 2021

The article describes some aspects of colour training of future hairdressing specialists. The work reveals the concepts of colour competence, colour training; provides interpretations of the concepts of colour, colour harmony, colouring, and peculiarities of the use of colour during professional training of specialists in the modern fashion industry. It is noted that colour is the most important means of emotional and artistic expression of the object; it has psycho-emotional impact on a person, and an information field. The article proves the necessity of the formation of colour competence of future hairdressing specialists during their professional training provided by studying a complex of professional courses, which will allow future specialists to create individual unique images taking into account all aspects of colour theory. The work presents some tasks that contribute to colour training of students in specialty 022 «Design. Hairstyle Design and the Art of Makeup». The formation of colour competence of future hairdressing specialists is proven to be an important prerequisite and an indicator of their readiness for professional activity.