bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoscope‐Assisted Resection of Benign Parotid Tumors via Concealed Post‐Auricular Sulcus Incision
Authors: Dong Yuke , Zhang Junbo , Li Yujie , Huang Wei , Dang Yanwei , Gong Wendan , Shen Xiao , Xu Lianfang
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To investigate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of endoscopic‐assisted resection of benign parotid tumors via concealed post‐auricular sulcus incision.

Methods

Between October 2019 and March 2021, eligible patients with diagnosed benign parotid tumors were prospectively included and randomly assigned to two groups: the endoscope‐assisted post‐auricular sulcus incision group (endoscope group) and the conventional Blair “S” incision group (conventional group).

Results

A total of 45 patients were finally included, including 24 subjects in the endoscope group and 21 subjects in the conventional group. No obvious differences were observed in basic information between these two groups of patients. The surgical incision length in endoscope group patients was 4.0 ± 0.4 cm, which was significantly shorter than that in conventional group patients, 10.3 ± 1.6 cm (p < 0.001). The total intraoperative blood loss, the first post‐operative day drainage volume, the total post‐operative drainage volume, and the total drainage days were all significantly lower in endoscope group patients than in conventional group patients (all p < 0.05). Among 3 months follow‐ups, no local recurrence or residual tumor were found in both groups of patients, and there were none of them had permanent facial paralysis or parotid fistula. The self‐evaluated appearance satisfaction VAS scores of endoscope group patients were all 0, which was significantly lower than that of conventional group patients, 4.7 ± 1.6 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Compared with the conventional Blair “S” incision surgery, the endoscope‐assisted resection of the benign parotid tumors via concealed post‐auricular sulcus incision was safe and effective and showed advantages of faster recovery and better self‐assessments of appearance satisfaction.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 133:133–138, 2023
An algorithm for detecting and quantifying disturbance and recovery in high‐frequency time series
Authors: Walter Jonathan A. , Buelo Cal D. , Besterman Alice F. , Tassone Spencer J. , Atkins Jeff W. , Pace Michael L.
Published: April 2022

Determining when a disturbance has occurred, its severity, and when the system recovered, is important to numerous questions in the aquatic sciences. This problem can be conceptualized as the timing and degree of perturbation from a typical state, and when the system returns to that typical state. We present an algorithm for detecting disturbance and recovery designed for high‐frequency time series, e.g., data produced by automated sampling devices in instrumented buoys and flux towers. The algorithm quantifies differences in the empirical cumulative distribution functions of moving windows over reference and evaluation periods, and is sensitive to changes in the mean, variance, and higher statistical moments. Tests on simulated data show it accurately identifies disturbance and recovery. Three case studies illustrate the application of our algorithm in different empirical settings. A case study on dissolved oxygen in a Florida, USA estuary following a hurricane identified the disturbance and recovery 73 d later. A case study on air temperature and net ecosystem exchange in the Florida everglades identified cold snaps coinciding with periods of reduced carbon uptake. A case study on rotifer abundance following zebra mussel invasion in the Hudson River, NY showed rotifer collapse following invasion and recovery over a decade later. Methods such as ours can improve understanding response to disturbance and facilitate comparative and synthetic study of disturbance impacts across ecosystems.
Simultaneous Detection of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum of Light through Scattering from a Single Silver Nanowire
Authors: Paul Diptabrata , Sharma Deepak K , Kumar G. V. Pavan
Published: April 2022

In recent times the spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light have gained prominence because of their significance in optical communication systems, micromanipulation, and sub‐wavelength position sensing. To this end, simultaneous detection of SAM and OAM of light beam is one of the important topics of research from both application and fundamental spin‐orbit interaction (SOI) point of view. While interferometry and metasurface based approaches have been able to detect the states, the presented approach involves elastic scattering from a monocrystalline silver nanowire for the simultaneous detection of SAM and OAM state of a circularly polarized Laguerre–Gaussian beam. By employing Fourier plane (FP) microscopy, the transmitted scattered light intensity distribution in the FP is analyzed to reconstruct the SAM and OAM state unambiguously. The SAM and OAM induced transverse energy flow as well as the polarization dependent scattering characteristics of the nanowire is investigated to understand the detection mechanism. This method is devoid of complex nanofabrication techniques and to the authors' knowledge, is a first example of single nano‐object based simultaneous SAM and OAM detection. The study will further the understanding of SOI effects and can be useful for on‐chip optical detection and manipulation.
Tribological properties of borate ionic liquids with low corrosion grade and excellent thermal stability in 500 N base oil
Authors: Wang Feiming , Gao Xing , Zang Shuliang , Deng Guichun , Yue Shuang
Published: April 2022

Two borate ionic liquids 1‐Butyl‐3‐(2‐methoxy‐2‐oxoethyl)‐imidazole bis(mandelato)‐borate [MABIM][BMB]) and 1,3‐Dioctylbenzotriazole bis(mandelato)‐borate ([DOBI][BMB]) were synthesised and utilised as the lubricating additives. Their corrosion degrees were measured and the results show that [DOBI][BMB] and [MABIM][BMB] exhibit remarkable anti‐corrosion properties ([DOBI][BMB]: 1a, [MABIM][BMB]: 1b). The 4‐ball machine was employed to evaluate their tribological properties in 500 N base oil. When [DOBI][BMB] and [MABIM][BMB] were added at the concentration of 3.0 wt%, the friction coefficient of 500 N was reduced by 37.5% and 29.5%. It can be concluded from the results of XPS and SEM that a lubricating film containing iron oxide, B2O3 and organic N‐containing compounds have formed. And a model is proposed so as to describe the lubricating mechanism.
Global strong solutions and large‐time behavior of 2D tropical climate model with zero thermal diffusion
Authors: Niu Dongjuan , Wu Huiru
Published: April 2022

In this article, we study the global well‐posedness and large‐time behaviors of solutions to the two‐dimensional tropical climate system with zero thermal diffusion for small initial data in the whole space. The main approaches include high‐ and low‐frequency decomposition method and exploiting the structure of system (1) to obtain the estimates of thermal dissipation. We utilize the time decay properties of the kernels to a linear differential equation to obtain the decay rates of solutions of the low‐frequency part and the decay property of exponential operator for the high‐frequency part. The key ingredient here is the explicit large‐time decay rate of solutions.
Metabolic pathways utilized by the porcine conceptus, uterus, and placenta
Authors: Johnson Gregory A. , Seo Heewon , Bazer Fuller W. , Wu Guoyao , Kramer Avery C. , McLendon Bryan A. , Cain Joe W.
Published: April 2022

Conceptus elongation and early placentation involve growth and remodeling that requires proliferation and migration of cells. This demands conceptuses expend energy before establishment of a placenta connection and when they are dependent upon components of histotroph secreted or transported into the uterine lumen from the uterus. Glucose and fructose, as well as many amino acids (including arginine, aspartate, glutamine, glutamate, glycine, methionine, and serine), increase in the uterine lumen during the peri‐implantation period. Glucose and fructose enter cells via their transporters, SLC2A, SLC2A3, and SLC2A8, and amino acids enter the cells via specific transporters that are expressed by the conceptus trophectoderm. However, porcine conceptuses develop rapidly through extensive cellular proliferation and migration as they elongate and attach to the uterine wall resulting in increased metabolic demands. Therefore, coordination of multiple metabolic biosynthetic pathways is an essential aspect of conceptus development. Oxidative metabolism primarily occurs through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain, but proliferating and migrating cells, like the trophectoderm of pigs, enhance aerobic glycolysis. The glycolytic intermediates from glucose can then be shunted into the pentose phosphate pathway and one‐carbon metabolism for the de novo synthesis of nucleotides. A result of aerobic glycolysis is limited availability of pyruvate for maintaining the TCA cycle, and trophectoderm cells likely replenish TCA cycle metabolites primarily through glutaminolysis to convert glutamine into TCA cycle intermediates. The synthesis of ATP, nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids through these biosynthetic pathways is essential to support elongation, migration, hormone synthesis, implantation, and early placental development of conceptuses.
Offspring of hyper prolific sows: Immunity, birthweight, and heterogeneous litters
Authors: Oliviero Claudio
Published: April 2022

In Europe, in the last 3 decades, there has been a constant increase in litter size due to the use of superior maternal line genetics. Those sows giving birth to more piglets than their average number of functional teats are identified as hyperprolific sows (HPS). The large number of piglets born within a litter implies not only a challenge for their access to vital resources like colostrum and milk but has a direct effect on their average birth weight and heterogeneity. These conditions are detrimental to piglets' vitality in the first hours of life and also to their immunity development. An exceptionally large number of growing fetuses in HPS leads to intrauterine crowding and consequently to an increased number of piglets suffering from intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), which put piglets at a high risk of mortality after birth and up to later stages of life. Increased heterogeneity of birth weight within large litters increases the competition for colostrum intake, with the smaller piglets being less competitive and vital, and therefore affecting negatively their immunity. Low birth weight, long interval to reach the udder, and long duration of farrowing, all have negative effects on piglets' immunoglobulin absorption. In HPS litters, colostrum management should be focused on low birth weight piglets, anticipating their impaired capabilities associated with ingesting adequate colostrum, by shortening the time to reach the udder and reducing competition among piglets. The vitality of neonate piglets, especially low in birth weight or affected by IUGR should be enhanced to improve their body temperature and their early life stage energy metabolism.
Nonnegative canonical tensor decomposition with linear constraints: nnCANDELINC
Authors: Alexandrov Boian , DeSantis Derek F. , Manzini Gianmarco , Skau Erik W.
Published: April 2022

There is an emerging interest for tensor factorization applications in big‐data analytics and machine learning. To speed up the factorization of extra‐large datasets, organized in multidimensional arrays (also known as tensors), easy to compute compression‐based tensor representations, such as, Tucker and tensor train formats, are used to approximate the initial large‐tensor. Further, tensor factorization is used to extract latent features that can facilitate discoveries of new mechanisms and signatures hidden in the data, where the explainability of the latent features is of principal importance. Nonnegative tensor factorization extracts latent features that are naturally sparse and parts of the data, which makes them easily interpretable. However, to take into account available domain knowledge and subject matter expertise, often additional constraints need to be imposed, which lead us to canonical decomposition with linear constraints (CANDELINC), a canonical polyadic decomposition with rank deficient factors. In CANDELINC, Tucker compression is used as a preprocessing step, which lead to a larger residual error but to more explainable latent features. Here, we propose a nonnegative CANDELINC (nnCANDELINC) accomplished via a specific nonnegative Tucker decomposition; we refer to as minimal or canonical nonnegative Tucker. We derive several results required to understand the specificity of nnCANDELINC, focusing on the difficulties of preserving the nonnegative rank of a tensor to its Tucker core and comparing the real valued to nonnegative case. Finally, we demonstrate nnCANDELINC performance on synthetic and real‐world examples.
Identified gamification opportunities for digital patient journey solution during an arthroplasty journey: secondary analysis of patients' interviews
Authors: Jansson Johanna , Laukka Elina , Kanste Outi , Koivisto Jonna , Jansson Miia
Published: April 2022

Aim

The use of gameful design for supporting health‐related behaviours has been one of the major trends in health technology. An opportunity to increase engagement and motivation in a given health behaviour and the possibility of reaching improved outcomes through continued or consistent behaviour could be provided by gamification. This study aimed to identify gamification opportunities for digital patient journey solutions to increase patients' engagement and motivation for health‐related behaviour during an arthroplasty journey.

Design

A secondary analysis.

Method

Semistructured interviews were performed among 20 elective primary total hip and knee arthroplasty patients in a single joint‐replacement centre in Finland during autumn 2018. NVivo software was used for deductive content analysis. The study was conducted among 20 patients in a single joint replacement centre during 2018.

Results

Several opportunities for gamification were identified for digital patient journey solutions, which could be used in advanced care to increase patients' engagement and motivation for health‐related behaviour during the arthroplasty journey. These opportunities were identified related to five dimensions: accomplishment, challenge, guided, playfulness and social experience. Clear, scheduled, progressive and personalized goals with an activity tracking, real‐time timespan visualization and social networking with peers, support networks and healthcare providers could be provided. Opportunities for competition and immersion were not identified.
Enhancement of mechanical properties of styrene‐butadiene rubber composites by carbon black/silicone carbide hybrid filler networking
Authors: Torbati‐Fard Nafise , Ghoreishy Mir Hamid Reza , Naderi Ghasem , Hosseini Seyed Mostaffa
Published: April 2022

In this study, the effects of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles as a secondary filler on the filler networking in carbon black (CB)/SiC hybrid filled styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) were investigated in detail. It was shown that there was a critical loading in the low‐loading range of SiC, which can significantly improve the final dispersion state in the hybrid composite. It was discussed that in the critical loading of SiC due to the surface energy mismatch between CB and SiC the kinetics and the extent of filler networking in the SBR matrix were decreased. It was demonstrated how CB/SiC hybrid filler networking results in synergistic effects in dynamic, and tribological properties of SBR composites. Obtained results demonstrated that the use of nano SiC as a secondary filler in CB filled rubber composites can open up new opportunities to manufacture rubber composites with integrated dynamic‐mechanical and tribological performance.
Hybrid multiscale procedure for damage in notched unidirectional composite monitored by thermography
Authors: Vignoli Lucas L. , Kenedi Paulo P.
Published: April 2022

Design of notched laminates is a challenge issue due to the large number of variables involved in this process. This investigation aims to improve the physical understanding of damage onset and its propagation, up to final failure. A multiscale procedure is proposed, where the micromechanical analytical models are used to estimate the effective properties for finite element macromechanical simulation. Additionally, experimental results from monitoring tensile tests with thermographic camera are also discussed. The multiscale procedure estimations and experimental results are very close, indicating matrix dominating damage. Thermography showed to be able to capture damage onset and its propagation, indicating that this experimental technique can become a useful tool for damage tolerance studies. A parametric study is carried out, indicating that damage onset load is approximately 20% of the rupture load for fibers parallel to the load, independently of plate geometrical dimensions.
Effects of humidity and temperature on hydrolytic degradation of polydioxanone
Authors: Kang Ha Jeong , Song Young Seok
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to understand how humidity and temperature affect the degradation behavior of polydioxanone (PDO). After changing the degradation environments, we examined the weight loss, pH value, thermal properties, mechanical properties, morphology, and rheological properties of the PDO samples. The specimens were kept in a wet or dry condition for 12 weeks. During degradation, weight retention, pH values, tensile strength, and viscosity decreased, whereas the melting temperature () and degree of crystallinity () increased. Compared with dry samples, wet PDO samples exhibited a higher hydrolysis rate. Also, higher temperatures led to more hydrolysis. Humidity was found to decrease the molecular weight of the samples and increase the degradation rate.
Registration of ‘Ho 07‐613’ sugarcane
Authors: Hale Anna L. , Todd James , Pan Yong‐Bao , Tew Thomas L. , Veremis John C. , White William , Dufrene Edwis O. , Grisham Michael P. , Gravois Kenneth A. , Jackson Windell , Dalley Caleb D. , Spaunhorst Douglas , Duet Michael , Landry Cory , Verdun David
Published: April 2022

‘Ho 07‐613’ (Reg. no. CV‐208, PI 699606) sugarcane (an interspecific hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, S. spontaneum L., and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) was selected and evaluated by scientists at the USDA‐ARS, working cooperatively with the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center and the American Sugar Cane League, Inc. It was released to growers in Louisiana in 2014. The cultivar was tested across the crop cycle (plant cane and first and second ratoon) at 12 farm locations and compared with ‘HoCP 96‐540’, the most widely grown cultivar in Louisiana during that time. The plant‐cane sucrose yield (Mg ha–1) of Ho 07‐613 was equivalent to HoCP 96‐540, and sucrose content was significantly higher. Ho 07‐613 has moderately early maturity and poor mature‐stalk cold tolerance. The cultivar is resistant to smut and Sorghum mosaic virus, tolerant of ratoon stunt, and moderately resistant to brown rust and leaf scald. It is moderately resistant to the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), and moderately responsive to glyphosate ripener. Ho 07‐613's high yield potential, low fiber, and disease resistance make it a useful addition to existing commercial sugarcane cultivars in Louisiana.
Low energy availability surrogates associated with lower bone mineral density and bone stress injury site
Authors: Holtzman Bryan , Popp Kristin L. , Tenforde Adam S. , Parziale Allyson L. , Taylor Kathryn , Ackerman Kathryn E.
Published: April 2022

Background

Exercise is an osteogenic stimulus that should increase bone mineral density (BMD) and protect against injury. However, some female athletes have lower BMD and increased bone stress injury (BSI) risk. Impaired bone health seen in athletes may be explained by low energy availability as described by concepts of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED‐S) and Female Athlete Triad (Triad).

Objective

To elucidate the relationship between RED‐S/Triad risk factors and BSI to high‐risk (femoral neck, sacrum) and low‐risk (other) bones.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey and retrospective chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care academic center.

Patients

Female athletes aged 15–30 years participating in ≥4 h/week of exercise presenting to sports medicine/orthopedics clinic who had a self‐reported BSI and available dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of BMD.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measurements

Location of BSI.

Results

In 127 athletes, high‐risk BSI was associated with surrogates of low energy availability (p = .032) and having a DXA Z‐score < −1 (p = .035) but not a current/past history of menstrual dysfunction (p = .348). Accumulating RED‐S/Triad risk factors increase the odds of incurring a high‐risk BSI (p = .048).

Conclusions

Adolescent/young female athletes who sustain BSI at high‐risk sites (femoral neck, sacrum) may have underlying risk factors (eg, low energy availability, poor overall bone health) that should prompt further workup and referral to optimize health in these athletes.
Barriers and enablers to implementing telehealth consultations in psycho‐oncology
Authors: Butt Zoe , Kirsten Laura , Beatty Lisa , Kelly Brian , Dhillon Haryana , Shaw Joanne M.
Published: April 2022

Objective

In response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, use of telehealth to deliver care was recommended across the Australian health system. This study aims to explore the barriers and enablers to delivery of psycho‐oncology services via telehealth and attitudes to use of telehealth in psycho‐oncology.

Methods

Twenty‐one psycho‐oncology clinicians participated in semi‐structured telephone interviews. Transcribed interviews were thematically analysed using the framework method.

Results

Three key themes were identified which described the overall experience of delivering psycho‐oncology services via telehealth: (1) Context Matters‐for whom is telehealth effective, when is it less effective; (2) Therapy content and telehealth implementation; (3) Recommendations for Sustainability.

Conclusions

These insights into the barriers and enablers to delivering psycho‐oncology services via telehealth inform future research and clinical practice. While there is support for the continued use of telehealth in psycho‐oncology, there are significant improvements needed to ensure effective implementation and continued benefit.
Nanoporous SiOx plasma polymer films as carrier for liquid‐infused surfaces
Authors: Gergs Tobias , Monti Chiara , Gaiser Sandra , Amberg Martin , Schütz Urs , Mussenbrock Thomas , Trieschmann Jan , Heuberger Manfred , Hegemann Dirk
Published: April 2022

Liquid‐infused surfaces are based upon the infusion of a liquid phase into a porous solid material to induce slippery and repellent character. In this context, porous SiOx plasma polymer films represent a relevant candidate for a robust nanoporous carrier layer. Intermittent low‐pressure plasma etching of O2/hexamethyldisiloxane‐derived coatings is investigated to enhance the intrinsic porosity inherent to residual hydrocarbons in the silica matrix. Simulations of the resulting Si–O ring network structure using reactive molecular dynamics indicate formation of interconnected voids with Si–OH functionalized pore walls allowing water penetration with almost Fickian diffusive behavior. The corresponding porosity of up to 18%, well agreeing with simulations, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and ellipsometry measurements, was found to be suitable for the liquid infusion of polyethylene glycol molecules into about 80 nm thick SiOx films providing ongoing lubricating properties, thus revealing their suitability as liquid‐infused surfaces.
Impaired ventilation during 6‐min walk test in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Ghosh Radhika N. , Guglani Lokesh , Westbrook Adrianna L. , Mao Chad Y. , Bai Shasha , Keens Thomas G. , Kasi Ajay S.
Published: April 2022

Background

Patients with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) can develop hypoxemia and hypercapnia during exercise. However, there is limited literature on cardiorespiratory responses during submaximal exercise and their correlation with paired‐like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) genotype.

Objectives

To assess oxygen saturation (SpO2), end‐tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), heart rate (HR), and 6‐min walk distance (6MWD) during a 6‐min walk test (6MWT) in CCHS subjects and to correlate them with PHOX2B genotypes and assisted ventilation (AV) via tracheostomy.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, subjects with CCHS performed 6MWT with continuous pulse oximetry, HR, and capnography recorded before and during the 6MWT. Medical records were reviewed for PHOX2B genotype and phenotype data. Patients were categorized based on PHOX2B genotype and AV via tracheostomy.

Results

Fifteen subjects aged 10.5 (interquartile range 7.9−16.2) years completed the 6MWT. Nine subjects used AV via tracheostomy. Seven (47%) subjects developed hypoxemia (SpO2 ≤ 90%, n = 7) and hypoventilation (ETCO2 ≥ 50 mmHg, n = 3) during the 6MWT. There was a significant decline from baseline SpO2, increase from baseline ETCO2, and increase in HR during the 6MWT (all p < 0.05). Subjects had decreased median percent predicted 6MWD (59.7% [50.6%−62.5%]). Nadir SpO2 (p = 0.029) and peak ETCO2 (p = 0.046) differed significantly between PHOX2B genotype groups but 6MWD did not (p = 0.8).

Conclusion

Despite normal oxygenation and ventilation at rest and during sleep on AV, patients with CCHS can develop hypoxemia and hypercapnia during submaximal exercise. Our study highlights the importance of assessing ventilatory responses during submaximal exercise in patients with CCHS regardless of their PHOX2B genotype.
Highly Microcrystalline Phosphorous‐Doped Si:H Very Thin Films Deposited by RF‐PECVD
Authors: Wilson Alestair , Fourmond Erwann , Saidi Bilel , Fornacciari Benjamin , Brottet Solène , Juhel Marc , Gros-Jean Mickael
Published: April 2022

Fine‐tuning the crystallinity and doping of the hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon thin films are the key points in obtaining high‐quality devices for above‐integrated circuit (above‐IC) image sensors. This study focuses on the structural and electrical properties of radio‐frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF‐PECVD) deposited microcrystalline silicon (μc‐Si:H) contact layers. Herein, phosphorus‐doped μc‐Si:H is deposited by capacitively coupled plasma RF‐PECVD (13,56 MHz) from a SiH4 + H2 + PH3gas mixture with varying phosphine concentrations. The influence of phosphine concentration on dopant concentration, active dopant concentration, and crystallinity is studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry, Hall effect measurement, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. A high doping level is attained, reaching up to 1.7 × 1020 cm−3. Furthermore, “low‐power” and “high‐power” deposition conditions are studied which lead to incubation layers of different nature.
The Structural, Lattice Dynamic, Thermodynamic, and Mechanical Characterization of Na2Mo2O7 Crystal by First‐Principles
Authors: Gao Yuhan , Zhang Chuanyu , Ma Lei , Li Haoyu , Chen Shuwei
Published: April 2022

The structural, electronic, lattice dynamic, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties of disodium dimolybdate (Na2Mo2O7) are studied using first‐principles. First, for the crystal structure, the calculated structural parameters have a standard deviation of less than 1.7% compared with the experimental results. Then, the calculated electronic energy band and density of states reveal that Na2Mo2O7 is an insulator and its bandgap is about 2.87 eV. In addition, the linear response method is used to study the lattice dynamics, and the complete phonon dispersion curve, infrared spectra, Raman shift, Born effective charge, and longitudinal optical–transverse optical (LO–TO) splitting characteristic for Na2Mo2O7 are presented for the first time; its thermodynamic properties are worked out based on the phonon density of states (PDOS). Furthermore, the result of elastic anisotropy shows the title compound is a highly anisotropic material. The calculation results in this article are conducive to the development of Na2Mo2O7 and provide guidelines for further experimental research to a certain extent.
The Electronic Structure of Cs2AgBiBr6 at Room Temperature
Authors: Gebhardt Julian , Elsässer Christian
Published: April 2022

Cs2AgBiBr6 is a stable halide double perovskite with a bandgap of about 2.2 eV. Therefore, it is intensively studied as a potential lead‐free alternative to hybrid perovskite solar cell absorber materials such as methylammonium lead iodide. However, power conversion efficiencies of solar cells with this material have not yet exceeded 3%. A detailed understanding of the electronic structure of this material is difficult, due to the variance of reported data and experimental as well as theoretical difficulties that occur in going beyond a qualitative understanding of such an indirect semiconductor at device operation temperature. Herein, self‐energy‐corrected electronic structure theory including spin–orbit coupling and structural dynamics at room temperature are combined to model and understand this compound in a quantitative manner as compared with experimental findings. It is proposed that the observed low power conversion efficiencies are intrinsic and can be attributed to the density of states in the conduction band region.
Effect of Zn Substitution on the Structural, Optical Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of BiFeO3 Nanopowders
Authors: Ben Taazayet Wael , Mallek Zouari Ikbel , Gemeiner Pascale , Dkhil Brahim , Thabet Mliki Najeh
Published: April 2022

The multiferroic Zn‐doped BiFeO3 materials with nominal formula (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) are successfully synthesized using hydrothermal synthesis allowing to obtain powders with an average grain size of 8 nm. X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analysis prove that nanopowders are pure and homogeneous and show an increase of the unit cell volume when the amount of Zn increases attesting of the substitution of Fe site. Using temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy, it is also found that the Néel antiferromagnetic critical temperature is weakly, if any, affected. In contrast, using UV–vis reflectance measurements, clear changes are observed in the features of the optical absorption with modifications of the crystal‐field when increasing the Zn amount. The photocatalytic activity of the pure and the most doped samples is evaluated by the degradation of the methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the Zn‐doped samples is found to be higher than that of BiFeO3. After 3 h of sunlight irradiation, the degradation efficiency increases from 61% to 83% for BiFeO3 and BiFe0.92Zn0.08O3, respectively. The crystal‐field modification after Zn substitution is considered as the principal cause of the obvious enhanced photocatalytic activity.
Overall Enhanced Performance of Polymer Photodetectors by Co‐Modifying ITO with PEIE and ZnO
Authors: Tian Fuyu , Yan Chao , Deng Rui , Zhou Xin , Hu Yufeng , Cui Qiuhong , Lou Zhidong , Hou Yanbing , Teng Feng
Published: April 2022

Recently, ZnO and polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEIE) have been, respectively, applied to modify ITO to achieve the polymer photodetectors (PPDs) with a similar high detectivity of 1012 Jones. The ZnO device shows a lower dark current due to the surface defect states of ZnO, while the PEIE device exhibits a higher photocurrent because of the formed PEIE dipole layer on ITO. Therefore, the former has a higher linear dynamic range (LDR) of about 100 dB and a lower external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 200%, while the latter has a higher EQE of about 2000% and a lower LDR of 60 dB. This work demonstrates a strategy of combing the advantages of both devices using PEIE and ZnO co‐modified ITO. The resulting device exhibits an increased photocurrent and a reduced dark current, leading to overall enhanced performances with EQE of 1703%, responsivity of 7.55 A W−1, detectivity of 4.88 × 1013 Jones, and LDR of 117 dB under −0.3 V. The key of the co‐modification is that PEIE must directly modify ITO to form the electrical dipole layer and ZnO needs to be in contact with the active layer so that the surface defects can act as carrier trapping centers.
CAE‐WANN: A novel anomaly detection method for gas turbines via search space extension
Authors: Zhong Shisheng , Liu Dan , Lin Lin , Zhao Minghang , Fu Xuyun , Guo Feng
Published: April 2022

Anomaly detection of gas turbines is a typical binary classification problem under small sample size. In essence, the goal of classification is to discover the mapping that can map samples in different categories to disjoint codomains. The neural network has strong nonlinear mapping ability thus it has great potentialities in classification tasks. However, how to design the architecture of the neural network is still a challenging problem. The inappropriate network architecture might cause either overfitting or underfitting problems. To alleviate the problem, this paper presents an effective anomaly detection model for gas turbines by combining the convolutional auto‐encoder (CAE) and weight agnostic neural network (WANN) search. More specifically, the CAE is used for the search space extension by obtaining high‐dimensional latent representations of the raw data. Then, the WANN search finds a suitable neural network architecture for anomaly detection in the extended search space. Moreover, a novel method based on maximum likelihood estimation is proposed for threshold selection, which is also effective in the case of unbalanced datasets. In the end, the real‐life monitoring data of gas turbines validate the effectiveness of the presented anomaly detection model.
Order‐dependent LMI‐based stability and stabilization conditions for fractional‐order time‐delay systems using small gain theorem
Authors: Jin Xiao‐Chuang , Lu Jun‐Guo
Published: April 2022

In this article, based on small gain theorem, the stability, and stabilization problems for fractional‐order time‐delay systems are investigated. First, one order‐dependent and delay‐independent stability condition, and two order‐dependent and delay‐dependent stability conditions of nominal fractional‐order time‐delay systems are derived by developing different feedback loop structures. Then, by employing the proposed order‐dependent stability conditions, the robust stability conditions for fractional‐order time‐delay systems with norm‐bounded uncertainties are given. Moreover, state feedback controllers that robustly stabilize fractional‐order time‐delay systems with norm‐bounded uncertainties are obtained. The proposed results are in terms of linear matrix inequalities. With the help of LMI solvers, these criteria can be easily verified. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate that the proposed criteria are valid and less conservative than the existing ones.
Riparian ecosystems mapping at fine scale: a density approach based on multi‐temporal UAV photogrammetric point clouds
Authors: Belcore Elena , Latella Melissa
Published: April 2022

In recent years, numerous directives worldwide have addressed the conservation and restoration of riparian corridors, activities that rely on continuous vegetation mapping to understand its volumetric features and health status. Mapping riparian corridors requires not only fine‐scale resolution but also the coverage of relatively large areas. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) allows for meeting both conditions, although the cost‐effectiveness of their use is highly influenced by the type of sensor mounted on them. Few works have so far investigated the use of photogrammetric sensors for individual tree crown detection, despite being cheaper than the most common Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) ones. This work aims to improve the individual crown detection from UAV‐photogrammetric datasets in a twofold way. Firstly, the effectiveness of a new approach that has already achieved interesting results in LiDAR applications was tested for photogrammetric point clouds. The test was carried out by comparing the accuracy achieved by the new approach, which is based on the point density features of the analysed dataset, with those related to the more common local maxima and textural methods. The results indicated the potentiality of the density‐based method, which achieved accuracy values (0.76 F‐score) consistent with the traditional methods (0.49–0.80 F‐score range) but was less affected by under‐ and over‐fitting. Secondly, the potential improvement of working on intra‐annual multi‐temporal datasets was assessed by applying the density‐based approach to seven different scenarios, three of which were constituted by single‐epoch datasets and the remaining given by the joining of the others. The F‐score increased from 0.67 to 0.76 when passing from single‐ to multi‐epoch datasets, aligning with the accuracy achieved by the new method when applied to LiDAR data. The results demonstrate the potential of multi‐temporal acquisitions when performing individual crown detection from photogrammetric data.
Research on GNSS interference recognition based on ROI of correlation peaks
Authors: Yang Bin , Dong Chunxiao , Gao Bo , Liu Yongjun , Cui Weijia , Gao Fei
Published: April 2022

The general Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver faces several challenges because of jamming signals, spoofing signals, and multipath signals, which severely influence its safety. In this paper, a receiver scheme with an interference recognition function is designed. In the latter, the correlation peak with different shapes is produced according to different interferences. The machine learning method is then applied to recognize and classify these feature maps. This transforms the interference recognition problem into a machine learning‐based classification problem. In order to reduce the complexity of the machine learning network, only the finite‐length correlation peak region of interest (ROI) is extracted as network input, endowing the shallow neural network with the interference recognition function. Afterward, five data acquisition environments are designed: authentic, spoofing, jamming, non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) multipath, and line‐of‐sight (LOS) multipath. Moreover, several experimental data are acquired, followed by the production of the correlation peak maps dataset, that are then learned and tested using two machine learning networks: one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D‐CNN) and bidirectional long short‐term memory neural network (BiLSTM‐NN). The results demonstrate that a recognition accuracy rate of over 98% can be reached using the shallow machine learning network.
Tailored Polymeric Hole‐Transporting Materials Inducing High‐Quality Crystallization of Perovskite for Efficient Inverted Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Xu Wenxin , Zhao Guiqiu , Li Mubai , Pan Yuyu , Ma Hongzhuang , Sun Riming , Wang Jungan , Liu You , Chen Cheng , Huang Wei , Wang Fangfang , Qin Tianshi
Published: April 2022

For achieving high‐performance p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), hole transporting materials (HTMs) are critical to device functionality and represent a major bottleneck to further enhancing device stability and efficiency in the inverted devices. Three dopant‐free polymeric HTMs are developed based on different linkage sites of triphenylamine and phenylenevinylene repeating units in their main backbone structures. The backbone curvatures of the polymeric HTMs affect the morphology and hole mobility of the polymers and further change the crystallinity of perovskite films. By using PTA‐mPV with moderate molecular curvature, p‐i‐n PSCs with high efficiency of 19.5% and long‐term stability can be achieved. The better performance is attributed to the more effective hole extraction ability, higher charge‐carrier mobility, and lower interfacial charge recombination. Furthermore, these three polymeric HTMs are synthesized without any noble metal catalyst, and show great advantages in future application owing to the low‐cost.
Au3+‐Functionalized UiO‐67 Metal‐Organic Framework Nanoparticles: O2•− and •OH Generating Nanozymes and Their Antibacterial Functions
Authors: Pan Meng‐Meng , Ouyang Yu , Song Yong‐Li , Si Lu‐Qin , Jiang Ming , Yu Xu , Xu Li , Willner Itamar
Published: April 2022

The synthesis and characterization of Au3+‐modified UiO‐67 metal‐organic framework nanoparticles, Au3+‐NMOFs, are described. The Au3+‐NMOFs reveal dual oxidase‐like and peroxidase‐like activities and act as an active catalyst for the catalyzed generation of O2•− under aerobic conditions or •OH in the presence of H2O2. The two reactive oxygen species (ROS) agents O2•− and •OH are cooperatively formed by Au3+‐NMOFs under aerobic conditions, and in the presence of H2O2. The Au3+‐NMOFs are applied as an effective catalyst for the generation ROS agents for antibacterial and wound healing applications. Effective antibacterial cell death and inhibition of cell proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial colonies are demonstrated in the presence of the Au3+‐NMOFs. In addition, in vivo experiments demonstrate effective wound healing of mice wounds infected by S. aureus, treated by the Au3+‐NMOFs.
Lipophilic Magnetic Photonic Nanochains for Practical Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Li Gang , Luo Wei , Che Zhiyuan , Pu YuYang , Deng Peng , Shi Lei , Ma Huiru , Guan Jianguo
Published: April 2022

Magnetic photonic crystals (PCs) possess attractive magnetic orientation, flexible pattern designability, and abundant angle‐dependent colors, providing immense potential in anticounterfeiting field. However, all‐solid magnetic PCs‐based labels generally suffer from incompatibility with screen printing techniques, and inferior environmental endurance and mechanical properties. Herein, by developing a selective concentration polymerization method under magnetic field (H) in microheterogenous dimethyl sulfoxide‐water binary solvents, individual tens‐of‐micrometer‐length lipophilic magnetic photonic nanochains (PNCs) of full‐width at half‐maxima below 30 nm are fabricated, which, after simply dispersed in solvent‐free cycloaliphatic epoxy resin, can be formulated as photonic inks to print robust anticounterfeiting labels through an H‐assisted screen‐printing technology. The as‐printed labels possess vivid optically variable effects (OVEs) associated with the spatial distribution of H directionality, which are easy to identify by the naked eye but difficult to imitate and duplicate, while they show excellent environmental resistance and mechanical properties, promising practical applications in banknotes and high‐grade commodities. The polymerization mechanism of the lipophilic PNCs is elucidated, and the OVEs are deciphered in numerical simulation. Besides an efficient way to build organic–inorganic hybrid nanostructures, the work provides advanced structural color pigments to achieve the practical application of magnetic PCs in such an anticounterfeiting field.
High Performance, Stable, and Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on GaN:Mg Nanowires Directly Grown on Tungsten Foil
Authors: Waseem Aadil , Bagal Indrajit V. , Abdullah Ameer , Kulkarni Mandar A. , Thaalbi Hamza , Ha Jun‐Seok , Lee June Key , Ryu Sang‐Wan
Published: April 2022

Rapid development of micro‐electromechanical systems increases the need for flexible and durable piezoelectric nanogenerators (f‐PNG) with high output power density. In this study, a high‐performance, flexible, and highly stable f‐PNG is prepared by directly growing the Mg‐doped semi‐insulating GaN nanowires (NWs) on a 30‐µm‐thick tungsten foil using vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism. The direct growth of NWs on metal foil extends the overall lifetime of the f‐PNG. The semi‐insulating GaN NWs significantly enhance the piezoelectric performance of the f‐PNG by reducing free electron density. Additionally, the direct integration of NWs on the tungsten foil improves the conductivity, resulting in current enhancement (2.5 mA) with an output power density of 13 mW cm−2. The piezoelectric performance of the f‐PNG is investigated under several bending angles, actuation frequencies, continuous vibrations, and airflow velocities. The maximum output voltage exhibited by the f‐PNG is 20 V at a bending angle of 155°. The f‐PNG is connected to the backside of an index finger to monitor finger bending behavior by changing the current density. Depending on its flexibility and sensitivity, the f‐PNG can be used as a health‐monitoring sensor to be mounted on joints (fingers, hands, elbows, and knees) to monitor their repeated bending and relaxation.
Near‐Infrared Phosphorescent Switch of Diarylethene Phenylpyridinium Derivative and Cucurbit[8]uril for Cell Imaging
Authors: Wang Conghui , Liu Yao‐Hua , Liu Yu
Published: April 2022

Near‐infrared (NIR) pure organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have received growing research interest due to their wide application in the fields of high‐resolution bioimaging and luminescent materials. In this work, the authors report a macrocycle‐confined pure organic RTP supramolecular assembly, which is constructed by diarylethene phenylpyridinium derivative (DTE‐TP) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]). Compared with CB[6] and CB[7], the larger cavity of CB[8] induces molecular folding and enhances the intramolecular charge transfer interactions, which leads to the obtained assembly emitting efficient NIR phosphorescence at 700 nm. Due to the photochromism of the diarylethene core, the NIR phosphorescence is reversibly regulated by light irradiation at wavelengths of 365 and >600 nm. Furthermore, cell‐based experiments show that this supramolecular assembly is located in the lysosomes and displays a NIR phosphorescence at 650–750 nm. In addition, by means of phosphorescence resonance energy transfer, the obtained assembly exhibits a red‐shifted NIR emission at 817 nm. This supramolecular phosphorescent switch provides a convenient path for the modular design of water‐soluble pure organic room‐temperature NIR phosphorescent materials.
An Assessment of MXenes through Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Sahare Sanjay , Ghoderao Prachi , Yin Peng , Saleemi Awais Siddique , Lee Shern‐Long , Chan Yue , Zhang Han
Published: April 2022

Recently, exploring the unique properties of 2D materials has constituted a new wave of research, which lead these materials to enormous applications ranging from optoelectronics to healthcare systems. Due to the profusion of surface terminated functionalities, MXenes have become an emerging class of 2D materials that can be easily integrated with other materials. The versatility of MXenes allows to tune their finest material properties for further device applications. This review initiates with the classification of preparation methods of MXenes, where the authors elaborate on the significance of top‐down approaches including the exfoliation of solid layers. Next, the focus is diverted toward the materials analysis of MXenes including their terminations analysis as well as their intriguing electrical and mechanical behaviors through scanning probe microscopy. Finally, critical challenges and perspectives for MXenes analysis and applications are explored and discussed. Therefore, this comprehensive review can encourage researchers, and offer a precise direction to employ MXenes in various applications.