bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As aprendizagens docentes no desenvolvimento de um projeto de classe
Authors: Lopes Celi Espasandin , Corrêa Solange Aparecida
Published: November 2018

Neste texto, tem-se o objetivo de discutir a prática docente de uma professora de 2o. ano do Ensino Fundamental, ao desenvolver um Projeto de Classe sobre a época da infância dos avós e dos bisavós e conhecer como eles vivem no momento. Realizou-se uma análise sobre a prática da professora a partir de sua narrativa escrita, socializada em um grupo colaborativo de estudos e pesquisas. Assume-se a terceira vertente da pesquisa (auto)biográfica apontada por Passeggi, Vicentini e Souza (2013), que toma as narrativas de si como práticas de formação e de autoformação para desvelar indícios de aprendizagens docentes. Investiga-se a reflexividade autobiográfica e suas repercussões nos processos de constituição da subjetividade e da inserção social do sujeito. Os resultados evidenciam aprendizagens da professora em relação à: necessidade da problematização para provocar a argumentação das crianças; aprendizagem de coleta, organização e representação de dados; articulação de diferentes conceitos e procedimentos.
Nyugat és Kelet határán: Sopron a belföldi migrációban
Authors: Kiss Éva , Jankó Ferenc , Bertalan Laura , Mikó Eszter
Published: November 2018

A rendszerváltozás után a belföldi migrációban jelentős változások következtek be, amit több tényező (pl. gazdasági átalakulás, a szuburbanizáció felerősödése, a közlekedés fejlődése) indukált. Az egyes településeket különbözőképp érintette a belső vándorlás intenzívebbé válása, aminek demográfiai szempontból is vannak „nyertesei” és „vesztesei”. Az előbbiekhez sorolható az osztrák határ közelében fekvő, mintegy 63 ezer fős város, Sopron is, amely az egyik legnépszerűbb célpont az országon belül vándorlók körében. Tanulmányunkban egyrészt Sopron szerepét értékeljük a belföldi migrációban, bemutatva azt, hogy a belső vándorlás különböző típusai hogyan járultak hozzá a város vándorlási nyereségéhez. Empirikus kutatásra alapozva arra keresünk választ, hogy kik a Sopronba bevándorlók, és hogy van-e lényeges különbség a bevándorlók jellemzőiben attól függően, hogy a legutóbbi gazdasági válság előtt vagy után érkeztek a városba.

Az elmúlt évtizedekben folyamatosan gyarapodott a népesség Sopronban, miközben az ország egészében és sok városában fogyott. A növekedés legfőbb forrása a vándorlási többlet volt, különösen az ezredforduló után. 1990 és 2016 között közel 13 ezer fős vándorlási nyereségre tett szert a város, elsődlegesen az ideiglenes bevándorlásból. A nagyarányú bevándorlás számos okra vezethető vissza (pl. a nyugati határ menti fekvés felértékelődése 1990 után, kedvezőbbé vált közlekedési kapcsolatok, relatíve közeli fekvés az osztrák fővároshoz és Burgenland északi fejlettebb településeihez, az osztrák munkavállalási korlátozás feloldása). A felmérés tapasztalatai igazolták, hogy a gazdasági válság markáns fordulatot hozott az ezredforduló után Sopronba bevándorlók összetételében, munkapiaci ismérveiben és térkapcsolataiban. A 2009 után megfigyelhető új, kedvezőtlen trendek a helyi társadalomban is mélyreható változásokhoz vezethetnek.
Social Interactions of Gifted Children in Heterogeneous Environment
Authors: Donii E.I.
Published: November 2018

The article studies the social interaction of gifted children with their peers. Understanding the educational environment and the nature of social interaction helps developing necessary interventions with the goal to make a gifted child adapted. The goal of the paper is the analysis of the foreign literature; representation of the results of empirical research of social status and social interaction of gifted children in elementary school hold in 2016 in Holland. The used instruments: sociometric questionnaire of Rodriguea and Morera; behavior analysis protocol OPINTEC-v.5. Out of eight participants, one was the most rejected among peers (5th grade), two became the most popular among peers (3rd grade). The gifted children chose gifted and non-gifted children for interaction and established close interactions with them. When working together, the gifted children interacted more with popular and neutral peers; when playing together — with neutral peers. With reference to social interaction of gifted children with peers, only patterns demonstrating social effectiveness and social correspondence were found out.
Aplicación de la gestión por procesos en la participación ciudadana Cubana
Authors: Salvador Hernández Yudith , Llanes Font Mariluz , Moreno Pino Maira Rosario
Published: November 2018

La gestión por proceso es una herramienta de carácter universal aplicable a todos los sectores. En este artículo se muestra una parte de los resultados de una investigación desarrollada en los gobiernos locales de la provincia Holguín con motivo a la necesidad manifestada de perfeccionamiento de los órganos locales del poder popular. Se plantea la inclusión de la gestión por proceso como herramienta de gestión, aplicada a la participación ciudadana. Como principal  resultado se muestran los subprocesos claves de participación ciudadana y el flujograma del subproceso de rendición de cuenta del delegado a sus electores, uno de sus principales subprocesos, por constituir un principio esencial de la democracia socialista y poseer una vital importancia para el funcionamiento de la sociedad.
Phytochemicals and protective effects of Moringa oleifera seed extract on CCl4- induced hepatotoxicity and hemotoxicity in rats
Authors: Biomy Eman S. S. , El-Sayed Mossad G. A. , El-Komy Ashraf A. A.
Published: November 2018

Background: Moringa oleifera is high valued plant and used in many countries around the world. The seed of Moringa oleifera (MO) is an important part and has a remarkable medicinal, nutritional and socio-economic values, this study, therefore, was designed to clarify the protective effect of Moringa oleifera hydroethanolic seed extract (MOSE) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatoxicity and hemotoxicity in rats.Methods: A total of one hundred and five male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups of 15 rats each. The hydroethanolic seed extract (30%) was administered orally for one month at 250 and 500mg/kg body weight. Samples were collected after day1,15 and 30 post administration.Results: Phytochemical, biochemical, hematological and hisopathological examinations were utilized to investigate hepatoprotective activity of MOSE. The results obtained demonstrated that, phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids, gum, resin, saponins, terponoids, protein and fats were detected in the seeds. Treatment with the MOSE caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, triglyceride and lipid peroxidation (MDA), while total protein and albumin level significantly (P<0.05) increased compared to CCl4 group. Also, treatment with the MOSE showed a significant (P<0.05) increase Hb content and RBCs, whereas WBCs and lymphocyte count significantly (P<0.05) decreased throughout the period of administration when compared to the rats in CCl4 group. The results obtained were comparable to silymarin. Histopathological examination of liver tissues confirmed the biochemical data.Conclusions: It could be concluded that, CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity and hemotoxicity is ameliorated by MOSE especially in high dose of (500mg/kg). This effect is attributed to free radical scavenging activity and potent antioxidant activity of its components (Flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid and saponin).
Evaluation of anti-depressant activity of zinc and vitamin B6 as adjuvants to fluoxetine in an animal model of depression
Authors: T. Sunitha , G. Prabhat , Kishore Kiran , L. Venu Madhavi
Published: November 2018

Background: Depression is a significant public health problem. It is estimated by the World Health Organization that more than 300 million people suffer from depression globally. Micronutrient deficiencies have been constantly linked to depression. The currently used drugs in treatment of depression modulate the excitatory and/or the inhibitory neurotransmission pathways through different mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to compare the antidepressant effect of the micronutrients, zinc and vitamin B6, as adjuvants to Fluoxetine in Albino Wistar rats.Methods: Eighteen albino wistar rats of 180-280grams of either sex were used in the study to evaluate the anti-depressant activity after approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. They were divided into three groups of six rats each (3 groups). Group 1 was control group which received only distilled water, group 2 was standard group which received fluoxetine and group 3 was test group which received zinc, vitamin B6 and fluoxetine. The anti-depressant activity was measured using the forced swimming test (FST) which works on the principles of behavioral despair. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS software, version 25.0 and p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The rats of the standard and test groups had latency periods’ means of 268.83±30.16, 126.17±22.33 and 125.33±11.86 on 254.83±13.00, 118.67±8.16 and 127.17±6.68 seconds on days 1, 7 and 14 respectively (p <0.001) and the rats of the standard and test groups had despair periods’ means of 177.00±7.46, 95.17±10.65, 93.17±7.47and 167.17±14.82, 97.33±7.63 and 87.50±4.1 seconds on days 1, 7 and 14 respectively (p <0.001).Conclusions: Supplementation of zinc and vitamin B6 to the standard treatment fluoxetine yielded better anti-depressant activity than fluoxetine alone in rats subjected to stress.
Effect of dizocilpine (MK-801) on the working memory of rats on a three-panel runway apparatus
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Budania Navin , Mondal Arka , Tafseer Sana , Ahuja Siddarth , Bhardwaj Vinod Kumar
Published: November 2018

Background: Understanding the processes underlying cognitive functions is a prerequisite to develop strategies for the treatment of cognitive deficits. There is a great need for valid animal models for investigating the cognitive enhancing effects of potential therapeutics. Many studies have investigated animal models of cognitive deficits by using animals treated with compounds that compromise cognitive abilities. Glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter and abundantly distributed in the central nervous system is involved in memory processes through N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The behavioural consequences of blocking the NMDA receptor provide the rationale for cognitive impairment as an animal model for the cognitive deficits associated with dementia. Authors investigated the effect of dizocilpine (MK-801), an NMDA-receptor antagonist (non-competitive) on the working memory in rats using the three-panel runway apparatus.Methods: Total 24 trained male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. Varying doses of MK-801 were administered to the animals. Working memory errors and latency periods were evaluated on the three panel Runway apparatus.Results: Treatment with MK-801 at the dose of 0.03mg/ kg did not result in any significant change in working memory errors or latency period in comparison to saline control. MK-801 treatment at dose of 0.1mg/kg and 0.3mg/kg resulted in a significant increase in the number of working memory errors and latency period as compared to control.Conclusions: Authors conclude that MK-801 treatment in the dose of 0.1mg/ kg and 0.3mg/kg resulted in working memory deficits on the three-panel runway apparatus. Rats with cognitive deficits induced by the prototypical N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 may provide a relevant animal model of dementia based on the mechanistic approach of blocking NMDA/glutamatergic signalling.
Effect of nicorandil, on blood glucose level in alloxan induced diabetic rats and its pharmacodynamic interaction with glibenclamide
Authors: . Soni
Published: November 2018

Background: Diabetes increases the risk of macrovascular complications and is often associated with angina in patient. Currently nicorandil, a potassium channel opener is being frequently used for the prevention and long-term treatment of angina pectoris. Glibenclamide exerts its antidiabetic action by closing the ATP sensitive potassium channels. Simultaneous use of nicorandil may antagonizes this action and may worsens the existing diabetes. To evaluate the pharmacodynamic interaction present study has been taken to study the effect of Nicorandil, a potassium channel opener on blood glucose level of alloxan induced diabetic rats and its pharmacodynamics interaction with Glibenclamide.Methods: Albino rats, weighing 150-200gm of male sex were used for the study. Diabetes was induced by injecting alloxan monohydrate 2% solution intra peritoneally in a dose of 150mg/kg body weight. Animal with Fasting Blood Sugar level between 250-300g/dl was selected for study and they were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Group I- serving as control received 0.5ml normal saline orally for 28 days. Group II was given glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg body wt) for 28 days. Group III was treated orally with nicorandil (0.3mg/kg body wt) for 28 days. Group IV was given glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) and nicorandil (0.3mg/kg) for 28 days. Fasting Blood Sugar level was recorded in all rats on 1st,3rd,7th,14th,21st and 28th day of the treatments.Results: results showed that glibenclamide significantly reduce blood sugar level (p <0.05) Wherase nicorandil showed rise in blood glucose level (p <0.05) While the combination (glibenclamide + nicorandil) showed rise in blood glucose (p <0.05) overall.Conclusions: Nicorandil worsen the existing diabetes and to be avoided or replaced with alternative drug in case of diabetes being treated with sulfonyl urease group of drugs.
A study of knowledge and practice for disposal of unused and expired pharmaceuticals among medical undergraduates at tertiary care teaching hospitals in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Jindal Meenakshi , Goel Raj Kumar
Published: November 2018

Background: Increasing disease incidence and prevalence necessitate healthcare practitioners to prescribe diverse medications. Families and patients are in possession of unused or expired medications and its risks have started gaining notice across the world. Majority of them including medical students are unaware about the disposal of unused or expired medicines. Misuse and improper disposal of unused/expired medications is a major safety and environmental concern, and thus proper disposal of those medications is highly important.Methods: Questionnaire based study was conducted among medical undergraduates of third year MBBS in two tertiary care teaching hospitals of Uttar Pradesh after approval from Institutional Ethical Committees during July-August 2018.Results: There were 65% of respondent had unused drugs in their home while 30% had the expired drugs. The most common reason for the unused and expiry drugs in the home was self-discontinuation. Analgesics were the main group of drugs possessed by participants. 67% in this study responded that drug disposal method was disposing the expired drugs to garbage. Only 26% know about the area in the city where unused/expired drugs are collected. 46% think that proper education of the community is required for appropriate disposal of unused drugs.Conclusions: Intervention by education about prudent drug disposal techniques that are also environmentally safe and acceptable is the need of time to change their behavior. There is also needing to understand the practice and awareness of the public to make any such education by program a success.
Seroprevalence and trends of markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors: a 3-year hospital based-study
Authors: Alcantara Jerold C. , Alenezi Farhan Khalaf M. , Haj Ali Omar Hafiz
Published: November 2018

Background: Evaluating the trends and rates of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors ensure that supplies of blood are safe and a proficient donor screening is in place. Hence, the study assessed the prevalence and trends of TTI markers among blood donors in Hail, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A retrospective review was done using donor records in a 3-year period from January 2013 to December 2015. All samples underwent to mandatory serological screening. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used appropriately. Distribution tables were developed to discern the trends that exist and compare the prevalence rates among different age groups. Significant level was set at 5% (p<0.05).Results: Of the 11,162 blood donors evaluated, 1.5% was found positive for TTI markers. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HTLV I/II, syphilis and malaria were 1.2, 0.04, 0.07, 0.2 and 0.02%, respectively. No blood donor showed positive for HIV markers. Majority of the infections were evident among replacement donors (57.3%). Greater number was observed from the age group of 30-39 years. Statistically, there was no significant difference among the various age groups.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of TTIs in this study is comparably lower than in other regions of Saudi Arabia and some countries, with no significant variation among the different age groups. HBV continues to be the highest rate of infections inflicting blood donors. Methods to improve donor retention, encouragement and recruitment of new donors have to be identified.
Analysis of policy implementation of local public service agency in hospital
Authors: Roza Shelvy Haria , Angelia Inge
Published: November 2018

Background: The level of public satisfaction with public hospital services is still quite low, with almost more than 50% complaining about the services it receives. The demand for hospital service quality, the government imposed the policy of local public service agency (LPSA) in the hospital. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of LPSA policy.Methods: This research was a descriptive research with qualitative approach. This research was conducted in Dr Rasidin Hospital in Padang, during July to October 2017. Key informants were chosen by purposive sampling as many as five people who understand about LPSA policy. Data were collected through indept interview, document review, and observation. Qualitative data were analyzed by thematic analysis.Results: The result of the research showed that the implementation of LPSA policy from policy standard has been run well, has a sufficient and adequate resources. Disposition of executives were positive in support of this policy to service activities. Communication has not spread evenly across all employees, only revolving around employees who directly handle the local public service agency. The bureaucratic structure was clear.Conclusions: Implementation of public service agency policies has worked well in terms of the standard policy, disposition, resources, communications, bureaucratic structure.
HPV vaccine knowledge and coverage among female students in a medical college, Kerala
Authors: Das E. Niveditha , Francis Paul T.
Published: November 2018

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in developing countries including India. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the cervix is the most common risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV infection is widespread and occurs soon after becoming sexually active. Lack of hygiene and multiple sexual partners increases the risk of chronic HPV infection. HPV vaccine offers protection against cervical cancer. However the knowledge about HPV and vaccine is very limited among the general public. Knowledge among doctors is essential to provide timely advice to the target population.  This study aims to measure the awareness among female medical students in a medical college in Kerala.Methods: 1st to 4th year female medical students of Amrita School of Medicine were administered an anonymous, validated self-administered pretested questionnaire. Only students who had volunteered and given consent were included in the study. 165 students participated in the study.Results: The overall knowledge about cervical cancer its causation and prevention was good only in about 40%. However 83% had a positive attitude towards HPV vaccine and were willing to take the vaccine.  Only 6% had been vaccinated against HPV.Conclusions: There is a need to emphasize the aetiology and preventive measures of cervical cancer in the curriculum of MBBS students. In-depth knowledge among future doctors is essential for dissemination of knowledge to general public and timely preventive intervention.
Evaluation of coverage of mass drug administration programme conducted in Nalgonda district of Telangana state
Authors: Ganapa Praveena , Jothula Kishore Y. , Guthi Vishweswara Rao , Abhishek P. , Jyothi V. , Sreeharshika D. , Reddy Pramodh
Published: November 2018

Background: Lymphatic filariasis has been a major public health problem in India. Government of India during 2004 initiated Mass Drug Administration (MDA) with annual single dose of DEC tablets to all the population living at the risk of filariasis. Nalgonda is endemic district where MDA programme is undertaken every year to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the coverage and compliance rates of the MDA programme conducted during January 2018.Methods: The guidelines of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) were used to select a total of 129 households from four clusters (three rural and one urban). Each household was visited by a team and data was recorded on pre-structured questionnaire available in operational guidelines manual of NVBDCP. Data analyzed by SPSS version 22.Results: Total of 129 households were included in the study, Among the 523 study population, only 494 were eligible population to receive MDA. Current study shows that coverage rate was 79.84% and compliance rate was 84.6%. Fear of side effects was most common reason for noncompliance.Conclusions: Efforts should be made to improve coverage rates by involving more human resources, supervision and incentives. Though compliance rates were higher than required there is need to maintain these rates by IEC activities and community participation.
Prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus among adults in South Chennai
Authors: S. Anusuya Ganesh , Ravi Rama , Gopalakrishnan S. , Abiselvi A. , Stephen T.
Published: November 2018

Background: Nearly 69.2 million people were living with diabetes as per 2015 WHO data. Prevalence of diabetes in Chennai is always on the rise and it nearly around 12%. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and also to study about the uncontrolled diabetes among known case of diabetes.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive record based study done on 1361 adult population attending medical camps in various locations of South Chennai. The data regarding capillary blood sugar (CBG), age, gender, place, type of treatment and duration of treatment were collected from the camp register. A RBS Glucometer value of >200 mg/dl was defined as having diabetic. Descriptive analysis and chi square test done to see the statistical significance between various parameters. T test was done to compare the mean RBS values between various variables.Results: Among the study population nearly 62.9% were females. The mean age of the study population was 49.8±13.3 years. Nearly 22% were known case of diabetics and 10.3% were newly diagnosed diabetics. The mean random blood sugar of the study population is 174.3±95.3 mg/dl. 65.4% of the known case of diabetics had uncontrolled sugar values of >200 mg/dl. The prevalence of diabetes in age group >50 years (43.9%) and <50 years (20.3%) [p=0.0001]. The mean blood sugar values among patients taking treatment in government (283.5 mg/dl) versus private (249.2 mg/dl) [p=0.0001, among known diabetics (262.5 mg/dl) versus new diabetics (296.6 mg/dl) [p=0.002].Conclusions: The prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes was 10.3% and uncontrolled diabetes among known case is 65.4%. So more screening camps for early detection of diabetes and organizing health awareness programmes are needed in this population to reduce the disease burden.
Dietary preferences for food items among children of age 5-10 years in a rural area of Perambalur district, South India
Authors: Kulothungan Karthikeyan , Sri Ranganathan T. , Rock Britto D. , Deepak S. G. , Dhinesh K. , Dhinesh Raj M. , Farhana Fathima , Ganesh P. , Gayathri D.
Published: November 2018

Background: Appropriate nutrition in early childhood plays an important role in normal growth and development, as well as on the long-term health of individuals. There is increasing recognition that dietary pattern better reflects the overall quality of the diet. The dietary pattern has been shown to be associated with nutrient intakes and linked to chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome in children. The aim of the study was to assess the dietary preferences for food items (vegetables, fruits, meat, milk products, snacks and starch) among children of age 5-10 years in the rural area of Perambalur district, South India.Methods: Six food categories (vegetables, fruits, meat, milk products, snacks and starch) were included in the questionnaire to study the dietary preferences of the child. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel worksheet and analysed for frequencies and percentages. Mean score and its standard deviation were calculated for individual food items.Results: The study shows that most of the children prefer milk/milk products with a highest mean score of 3.94 followed by a preference for snacks. Most avoided food were vegetables, followed by meat and meat products. The overall score was found to be low for all the categories of food among children who prefer mobile compared to TV and outdoor group. But this difference was not statistically significant. This difference was close to 0.05 only in vegetable group category.Conclusions: The results will help in planning the nutritional counselling programmes for children. These findings have to be further correlated with the nutritional status of the individual children and deficiencies if any.
Predicting 10-year cardiovascular risk using WHO/ISH risk prediction chart among urban population in Salem
Authors: Premanandh K. , Shankar R.
Published: November 2018

Background: Coronary vascular disease (CVD) risk estimation tools are a simple means of identifying those at high risk in a community and hence a potentially cost-effective strategy for CVD prevention in resource-poor countries. The WHO /ISH risk prediction charts provide approximate estimates of cardiovascular disease risk in people who do not have established coronary heart disease, stroke or other atherosclerotic disease.Methods: A total of 280 subjects between 40 to 70 years of age were included in this cross sectional study. Eligible households was selected randomly (every 5th household) for the interview using systematic random sampling. Age, gender, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, presence or absence of diabetes and total serum cholesterol were used to compute the total CVD risk using WHO/ISH CVD risk prediction chart. The chart stratify an individual into low (<10%), moderate (10% to <20%), high (20% to <30%), and very high (>30%) risk groups.Results: Moderate and high CVD risk were 12.14% and 7.5% respectively. Of total study participants, 2.5% had very high risk (>40%). High risk (binge drinking) alcohol drinkers (p=0.04) and abdominal obesity (p=0.0001) were significantly associated with higher CVD risk. Higher prevalence of behavioral risk factors was also reported in our study population.Conclusions: A large proportion of the population is at moderate and high cardiovascular risk. Risk stratification and identification of individuals with a high risk for CHD who could potentially benefit from intensive primary prevention efforts are critically important in reducing the burden of CVD in India.
Breastfeeding practices among lactating mothers of a rural area of central India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Junaid Mohd , Patil Sachin
Published: November 2018

Background: Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants. As per national family health survey-3 (NFHS-3), only 46% of the Indian infants between 0 and 6 months are exclusively breastfed. Hence the following study was done to know the practice of breastfeeding in mothers of rural area of central India.Methods: The study was conducted in a rural area, which is under administrative control of tertiary care hospital. All lactating mothers having babies upto 1 year were included in study. An informed written consent was obtained from the mothers.Results: 78.28% show initiation of breastfeeding within 6 hours of delivery. 51.51% mothers breastfeed child whenever they cry and 35.35% breastfeed every 2 hourly. Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by 58.58% mothers and 64.15% mothers gave first breast milk to their newborns.Conclusions: The counseling should be continued after the delivery of baby for continuous education to mother about the proper care of newborn, initiation of breastfeeding, the information regarding the advantages and duration of breastfeeding, importance of colostrums feeding, timing of weaning needs to be provided.
Magnitude and determinants of diarrhea among 0-6 year’s children: a cohort study from central India
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Borkar Rajnish
Published: November 2018

Background: Inspite of efforts of all the stakeholders, diarrhea still remains a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in developing country like India.Methods: A follow up study was done among 305 children of 0-6 year’s age to estimate the incidence and risk factors of diarrhea. Diarrhea was defined as more than 3 stools in one day that were more liquid than usual. At each monthly follow up enquiry was made about the occurrence of diarrhea, health seeking, infant feeding practices and dietary history etc. Cumulative incidence, attack rates and risk ratio was used to estimate the burden and risk factors of diarrhea.Results: The number of diarrhea episodes per child per year was 0.65 (95% CI=0.62-0.67). The cumulative incidence of diarrhea among 0-6 years children was 485.7 per 1000 children per year (95% CI=430.8–540.9). In terms of attack rate, the diarrhea among 0-6 years children was 63.5 percent (95% CI=58.1–68.7). Age of child, birth weight, total duration of breastfeeding, anaemia and season were found to be significant risk factors of diarrhea.Conclusions: Further substantial changes in diarrhea incidence will require action on multiple factors like improvement of birth weight of child by better maternal and child health (MCH) care, continued breastfeeding of child till two year of age, correction of anaemia and provision of safe water supply and sanitation during summer and raining season.
Menstrual health and related problems in adolescent girls of Lucknow district: a cross sectional study
Authors: Singh Geeta , Khanna Anish , Agarwal Monika , Singh V. K. , Sachan Rekha
Published: November 2018

Background: Menstruation and related problems are difficult issues for adolescent girls and are a common reason for consulting healthcare providers. The objective of the study was to study the age of menarche, menstrual pattern, menstrual related health problems and health seeking behaviour for it.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in urban as well as rural schools of Lucknow district from August 2014 to September 2015. Multistage random sampling was used to select the requisite number of girls. A total of 600 girls of age group 10-19 years were interviewed and analysed using appropriate statistical methodsResults: The mean age of menarche of the total population was 13.2±1 years. During menstruation, urban girls had significantly excessive passage of clots (26.5%) and faced more discomfort in their routine activities (78.8%) when compared to their rural counterpart (25.2% and 73.4% respectively), whereas the relation was inverse with regard to school absenteeism that was significantly higher in rural girls (44.0%) than urban girls (32.3%). The usual age of menarche as well as the pattern of pre-menstrual symptoms varied significantly between the girls of rural and urban areas.Conclusions: With few exceptions, menstrual health related problems have an unequal distribution in girls of rural and urban origin. Hence effective management of menstrual problems will lose its chase unless health education targeting all the three groups viz.; adolescent girls, concerned parents and teachers have to be uniformly strengthened.
Patient’s knowledge about HIV and willingness toward rapid HIV oral testing in dental settings, Jodhpur, Rajasthan
Authors: Joshi Vibha , Joshi Nitin Kumar , Bajaj Komal
Published: November 2018

Background: As various dental procedures can transmit HIV, rapid HIV oral testing facilities in dental settings could play a major role in prevention of HIV infection. Being most popular HIV testing methods worldwide, the rapid HIV oral test is not available in India and its level of acceptance in Indian dental settings is unexplored. This study conducted with the objective to assess patient’s knowledge about HIV and their willingness toward rapid HIV oral testing in dental settings.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two dental clinics selected from two different largest mixed socioeconomic housing societies of Jodhpur respectively. A semi structured questionnaire consisting of demographics, respondent’s general knowledge towards AIDS/HIV infection, willingness towards HIV rapid oral test was developed for data collection. Standard descriptive statistics were calculated and comparisons between demographic data and willingness to get tested in dental setting, awareness for HIV etc. were analyzed.Results: Total of 473 age-eligible patients were surveyed out of which 214 were males. The difference about the knowledge of HIV/AIDS between two groups of education levels (p<0.05) was statistically significant and almost 82% of these respondents were willing to have HIV oral rapid saliva testing as a part of regular dental appointment.Conclusions: It can be concluded that dental patient generally are willing for HIV rapid oral testing, but additional studies are needed to explore relevant policy implications.
Prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in a North Karnataka school: a cross sectional study
Authors: Patil Nagaraj , Jagadeesh K. V. , Yamini Priyanka K. , Kari Annapurna , Angolkar Mubashir
Published: November 2018

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) has defined ‘Adolescence’ as a period between 10 and 19 years. Anemia is a condition characterized by reduction in the number of red blood cells and/or hemoglobin concentration. Adolescent girls are at increased risk of anemia due to rapid growth and developmental process. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls in one of the schools in North Karnataka.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among adolescent girls in one of the CBSE Schools of north Karnataka. In 347 adolescent girls, data collection was carried out in the month of August 2017 through hematological assessment. All the adolescent girls between grade 7 and 12 were included in the study. Statistical analysis was conducted using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0.Results: Out of 347 adolescent girls enrolled more than half 196 (56.5%) were mid adolescent with a mean age of 14.34±1.8. 54 (15.6%) were showing mild thinness and 14 (4.0%) were overweight. Overall prevalence of anemia was 44.4% (n=154). Where in 35.2% (n=122) were mild anemic followed by 8.9% (n=31) moderate anemia. Among the anemic girls, 79.8% (n=123) had attained their menarche and 6.5% (n=10) were reported passing worms in stools.Conclusions: Prevalence of anemia among school adolescent girls was found to be less. Among anemic girls, majority were showing mild anemia.
Clinico-epidemiological profile of patients admitted with Plasmodium vivax malaria in a tertiary care hospital, Delhi
Authors: Yadav Geeta , Pardeshi Geeta , Roy Neelam
Published: November 2018

Background: Malaria is an important public health problem in India. Severe and complicated forms of malaria are usually associated with Plasmodium falciparum species. But recently published literature suggests that Plasmodium vivax infection also presents as severe malaria. The objective was to study clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with P. vivax malaria admitted in Safdarjung hospital.Methods: A record based retrospective study was conducted in Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. Data were collected from all case records with ICD 10 codes for Malaria (B50-B54) for the year 2011 obtained from Medical Records Department, Safdarjung Hospital and analyzed using SPSS 21.0.Results: A total of 147 case records which had information about the test results for type of malaria infection were reviewed. Out of 147, 89 (60.5%) had P. vivax malaria. Of the 89 patients with P. vivax malaria, 47 (53%) were children and 63 (70.7%) were males. A peak in the number of inpatients was seen in September with median duration of hospital stay of 4 days and case fatality rate of 9%. A total of 56 (63%) patients had one or more severe manifestations of malaria as per WHO criteria. The most common severe manifestation was bleeding 27 (30%) followed by impaired consciousness 18 (20%).Conclusions: In more than half of the malaria patients admitted at the tertiary care centre the diagnosis was P. vivax malaria. Of them 63% patients had severe malaria as per WHO criteria.
Adequate knowledge transformed to practice in relation to iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy: experience from West Bengal
Authors: Sarkar Arnabi , Lahiri Arista , Chakraborty Arup
Published: November 2018

Background: High prevalence of anaemia among pregnant mothers in rural and urban West Bengal warrants a deeper observation. The current article thus, aims to explore the knowledge and practices towards iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) among the rural and urban antenatal mothers.Methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among Fifty-four rural and seventy-one urban ante-natal mothers. A semi-structured interview schedule, Maternal and Child Protection Card (MCPC) and Laboratory evaluation reports were used.Results: Majority respondents were aged below 20 years and housewives. Around 59.25% rural and 66.19% urban mothers knew the meaning of ‘Anaemia’. Rural mothers consider pregnancy (54.55%) as the most common cause of iron deficiency anaemia, whereas, urban mothers think of dietary deficiency of iron rich foods (60.56%). Dietary knowledge was adequate, with 57.40% urban and 53.52% rural mothers consuming an extra home-cooked meal. Overall more than 90% mothers consumed green leafy vegetables. Majority mothers knew iron and folic acid (IFA) tablets should be consumed for at least 3 months (100 days) during pregnancy and should be continued after delivery. But 12.96% and 16.90% rural and urban mothers respectively did not take any tablet of IFA. Overall practice and knowledge were statistically associated in rural and urban settings with proper practice exceeding adequate knowledge in pooled estimate.Conclusions: The differences between urban and rural area in this study were marginal. But in some cases like IFA tablet consumption, Blood tests etc. there was a gap between knowledge and practice, which may actually indicate a lack of motivation.
Drone in NBC disaster
Authors: Kim Yong Han
Published: November 2018

Nuclear, Biological and chemical disasters are tragic and should never happen. Unavoidably occurred, access and reach are difficult because rescue personnel are exposed to hazards. Drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle that can be operated by remote control or autonomous aviation. It has some advantages in NBC disaster as followings:First, drone can take a picture and record the scene in contaminated zone. Communication with injured is also possible without exposure to rescue team. Triage can be performed by analysis of movement, breathing and responsiveness, etc.Second, atropine and oxime are essential to nerve agent poisoning. It can be delivered by drone only inside contaminated zone for survivors.Third, drone can collect specimen without human exposure. Investigator can analyze the extent of pollution in remote laboratory with this specimen.Fourth, survivor can be evacuated from disaster area by drone itself. This operation needs heavy capability that would lift patients.I hope that NBC disaster could be overcome with this useful modern convenience.
¿Juicio legítimo o golpe de Estado encubierto? El impeachment a la Presidenta de la República Federal de Brasil, Dilma Rousseff
Authors: Almagro Castro David
Published: November 2018

La dimisión forzada de Dilma Rousseff ha provocado un seísmo institucional cuya profundidad y consecuencias precisan una evaluación reflexiva. Este hecho –la remoción efectiva de la ya expresidenta– se ha llevado a cabo utilizando el mecanismo de exigencia de responsabilidad característico del sistema presidencialista: el impeachment. El presente artículo evalúa –utilizando un enfoque interdisciplinario de ciencia política y derecho– si eran suficientes los motivos esgrimidos para deponer a la presidenta o si, por el contrario, se está ante un atentado contra el mandato soberano del cuerpo electoral que ha supuesto la remoción ilegal de una presidenta elegida por 54 millones de ciudadanos.
E-voting en Colombia: avances y desafíos en la implementación
Authors: Padrón Pardo Floralba
Published: November 2018

En Colombia, una de las tareas pendientes del legislador es la adecuación y modernización de las reglas que gobiernan el proceso electoral en todas sus etapas, y dentro del cual tiene un lugar importante la puesta en marcha del voto electrónico. Las reglas que rigen el sistema electoral en Colombia están determinadas en la Constitución, sus reformas, las leyes y en el código electoral (Dcto. 2241 de 1986). A las reglas dispuestas en el texto original de la Constitución de 1991 se han adicionado principios rectores que deben guiar la organización y funcionamiento de las organizaciones políticas. Todas estas nuevas figuras se han venido aplicando junto con las reglas de un código electoral que no está acorde con las modificaciones constitucionales, entre las que destaca el mandato de la puesta en marcha del voto electrónico. La implementación del voto electrónico en Colombia enfrenta los retos de la modernización del proceso electoral, de la voluntad política de las mayorías parlamentarias, el respaldo económico y financiero del poder ejecutivo, la capacitación de la ciudadanía y la confianza de la misma en el proceso y las autoridades electorales. En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis del voto electrónico y los retos para su implementación teniendo en cuenta el escenario que suponen las reglas sobre las elecciones y la conformación del poder político en nuestro país.
La participación de un “no competidor” en un cartel: experiencias comparadas de Estados Unidos, la Unión Europea y Colombia
Authors: Soto Pineda Jesús Alfonso , Pabón Almanza Camilo
Published: November 2018

El artículo presenta tres perspectivas comparadas en materia de protección de la libre competencia, relacionadas con la interpretación que en Estados Unidos, en la Unión Europea y en Colombia se hace de aquellos casos en los cuales un agente del sector productivo, que no forma parte de un mercado concreto, es a su vez miembro de un cartel organizado para influenciar los parámetros competitivos de dicho mercado. El documento valora todos los enfoques empleados en dichos sistemas enunciados para hacer frente a la mencionada circunstancia, con vistas a aplicar el derecho administrativo sancionador a conductas de corte colusorio.
Territorialidad de las retenciones en la fuente en el Impuesto de Industria y Comercio
Authors: Pérez Madrid Octavio César
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo analiza las retenciones en la fuente en el Impuesto de Industria y Comercio en sede del aspecto territorial para establecer vacíos normativos a partir de situaciones concretas. En este contexto, se desarrolla el concepto de retención desde la jurisprudencia, así como de la doctrina. Posteriormente, se da cuenta de casos en actividades comerciales y de servicios tomando como referencia el Acuerdo de Cartagena (041 de 2006) y el Acuerdo de Barranquilla (030 de 2008).
In the process of global resemblance, traditional Turkish music culture
Authors: Nacakci Zeki , Canbay Alaattin
Published: November 2018

The technology and media, developing in the last century, are both changing social life gradually and taking hold of the world. In a world in which the communication opportunities push the limits, the sharing of knowledge accrue breathtakingly. In this process when the difference of time and place disappears, cultures affect each other, resemble each other and become the same swiftly. The resembling of cultural values also bring about predominating of dominant culture in a hegemonic way. So traditional cultures come up against the danger of absence by losing their values rapidly. In this current identified as globalization, it is an obligatory that people transfer their cultures and socio- cultural savings to next generations to keep their own values alive by protecting. These transferred products are generally values that public feel them belonging to themselves, interiorize and attribute a deep meaning to their self- culture via their feelings. The re-identifying of music, handicrafts, oral literature and traditional theatre and folkloric elements that can be identified as similar nature, by approaching with an academic consideration and using them with scientific methods in cultural transmission matter in the sense of increasing the significance of traditional culture in the face of globalization. In this study, in the face of globalization effect increasing gradually, protection of traditional culture, transmission it to the next generations and bringing up healthy social generations are discussed. The study has descriptive qualification and also includes surveys and studies that have been done in this field. The importance of traditional culture, new structuring that are needed in art education, proposals aimed to practices and programs constitude this study's main topic.Key Words: Globalization, Resemblance, Turkish Music Culture, Traditional
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Causes and Prevention
Authors: Noha E. Ibrahim  , Wael M. Aboulthana  , Ram Kumar Sahu
Published: November 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and occurs predominantly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. It is considered as the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with over 500,000 people affected. Incidence of the HCC is highest in Asia and Africa, where the endemic high prevalence of hepatitis B and C strongly predisposes to development of the chronic liver disease and subsequent development of HCC. In most cases, the cause of liver cancer is long-term damage and scarring of the liver cirrhosis that may be caused by viral infections (Virus B or C) or non-viral causes such as non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), autoimmune diseases, inflammation of the liver (chronic), obesity, diabetes, alcohol consumption, smoking, iron overload in the body (hemochromatosis) and the exposure to aflatoxin. The recent studies concluded that vaccination and the antiviral treatment are the most important ways for the HCC prevention.
Multifocal Motor Neuropathy: A clinical case study
Authors: Bone Madeline A
Published: November 2018

Multifocal motor neuropathy is a rare and chronic movement disorder associated with the progressive weakening of the patient’s limbs. This case study examines the clinical presentation, findings, treatment, and outcome of a female patient treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. The case study illustrates the important role the neuroscience nurse plays in the care and treatment of a patient with a complex disorder.