bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Six Extraction Methods on Molecular Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Young Hulless Barley Leaves
Authors: Wang Mingming , Zhang Chuangchuang , Xu Yuting , Ma Mengting , Yao Tianming , Sui Zhongquan
Published: September 2023

Young hulless barley leaves are gaining recognition for potential health benefits, and the method of extracting polysaccharides from them is critical for potential food industry applications. This study delves into a comparative analysis of six distinct fiber extraction techniques: hot water extraction; high-pressure steam extraction; alkaline extraction; xylanase extraction; cellulase extraction; and combined xylanase and cellulase extraction. This analysis included a thorough comparison of polysaccharide–monosaccharide composition, structural properties, antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), and rheological properties among fibers extracted using these methods. The results underscore that the combined enzymatic extraction method yielded the highest extraction yield (22.63%), while the rest of the methods yielded reasonable yields (~20%), except for hot water extraction (4.11%). Monosaccharide composition exhibited divergence across methods; alkaline extraction yielded a high abundance of xylose residues, whereas the three enzymatic methods demonstrated elevated galactose components. The extracted crude polysaccharides exhibited relatively low molecular weights, ranging from 5.919 × 104 Da to 3.773 × 105 Da across different extraction methods. Regarding antioxidant activities, alkaline extraction yielded the highest value in the ABTS assay, whereas enzymatically extracted polysaccharides, despite higher yield, demonstrated lower antioxidant capacity. In addition, enzymatically extracted polysaccharides exerted stronger shear thinning behavior and higher initial viscosity.
Benefits of Combining Sonchus brachyotus DC. Extracts and Synbiotics in Alleviating Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Huang Wenwu , Shen Boyuan , Li Xiumei , Zhang Tongcun , Zhou Xiang
Published: September 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, commonly abbreviated to NAFLD, is a pervasive ailment within the digestive system, exhibiting a rising prevalence, and impacting individuals at increasingly younger ages. Those afflicted by NAFLD face a heightened vulnerability to the onset of profound liver fibrosis, cardiovascular complications, and malignancies. Currently, NAFLD poses a significant threat to human health, and there is no approved therapeutic treatment for it. Recent studies have shown that synbiotics, which regulate intestinal microecology, can positively impact glucolipid metabolism, and improve NAFLD-related indicators. Sonchus brachyotus DC., a Chinese herb, exhibits hepatoprotective and potent antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential therapeutic use in NAFLD. Our preclinical animal model investigation suggests that the synergy between Sonchus brachyotus DC. extracts and synbiotics is significantly more effective in preventing and treating NAFLD, compared to the isolated use of either component. As a result, this combination holds the potential to introduce a fresh and encouraging therapeutic approach to addressing NAFLD.
Egg Yolk as a New Source of Peptides with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Czelej Michał , Czernecki Tomasz , Garbacz Katarzyna , Wawrzykowski Jacek , Jamioł Monika , Michalak Katarzyna , Walczak Natalia , Wilk Agata , Waśko Adam
Published: September 2023

A significant increase in interest in food-derived peptides obtained mostly through enzymatic reactions has been observed in the past few years. One of the best sources of bioactive peptides are defatted egg yolk proteins, which can potentially find application as high-quality nutritional supplements for infants with cow’s milk protein intolerance and as natural preservatives. The aim of this study was to obtain peptides from defatted egg yolk protein, to study their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and to identify peptides with bioactive properties To control the course of the process, MALDI-TOF/MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight/mass spectrometry) spectra were also examined. The peptide mixture obtained through enzyme digestion was tested for its antioxidant properties by measuring the scavenging activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation decolorization (ABTS•+), and ferric reducing activity (FRAP) assays. Antimicrobial activity was also studied. The peptide mixture exhibited significant antioxidant activity: DPPH—1776.66 ± 32.99, ABTS—390.43 ± 8.92, and FRAP—16.45 ± 0.19. The inhibition of bacterial growth by two concentrations of the peptide mixture was examined. The best result was obtained in Bacillus cereus, with an inhibition zone of 20.0 ± 1.0 and 10.7 ± 0.6 mm at the concentrations of 50 and 25 mg/mL, respectively. The results of the study suggest that the mixture of egg yolk peptides may exhibit a number of health-promoting properties.
Integrated Governance Mechanisms for Empowerment and Resilience in International Food Value Chains
Authors: Ramon-Jeronimo Juan Manuel , Gonzalez-Calzadilla Ana Cruz , Graciani-Herrero Amparo , Florez-Lopez Raquel
Published: September 2023

Considering the significance of the food sector in recent years, the main objective of this Special Issue is to identify the most appropriate governance mechanisms (formalized and relational) for the management of collaborative networks among the international chain of food companies, which are increasingly subject to greater risks and disruptions [...]
Development and Application of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Poly (Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate)/Thermoplastic Starch Film Containing Salicylic Acid for Banana Preservation
Authors: Ding Jian , Hao Yi , Liu Boqiang , Chen Yunxia , Li Li
Published: September 2023

Bananas are susceptible to the effects of endogenous enzymatic, leading to their rapid decay and deterioration. In order to mitigate economic losses and prolong the shelf life of bananas, the objective of this study was to develop a new and green gas-regulating packaging film. In this study, an active gas-regulating packaging film was prepared by extrusion, with mobil composition of matter (MCM)-41 loaded with salicylic acid (SA) as the active agent and poly (lactic acid) (PLA), poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and thermoplastic starch (TPS) as the base materials. The obtained films included PLA/PBAT/TPS, PLA/PBAT/TPS-SA, and PLA/PBAT/TPS-MCSA. These films were subsequently applied to banana preservation. The study focused on the variations in soluble solid content (SSC), rate of weight loss (RWL), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of bananas during the preservation process. The results showed that, compared with the PLA/PBAT/TPS film, the oxygen transmission rate of the PLA/PBAT/TPS-MCSA film increased from 384.36 ± 22.06 cm3·m−2·24 h−1·0.1 MPa−1 to 543.10 ± 3.47 cm3·m−2·24 h−1·0.1 MPa−1. Throughout the preservation period, the PLA/PBAT/TPS-MCSA film exhibited superior performance, effectively retarding the increase in banana SSC, RWL, and MDA while inhibiting the elevation of PPO activity and prolonging the shelf life of bananas by 4–5 days. However, this study needs to further investigate the mechanism of function of MCM-41 loaded with SA in banana preservation.
Finite-Time Synchronization for Stochastic Fractional-Order Memristive BAM Neural Networks with Multiple Delays
Authors: Chen Lili , Gong Minghao , Zhao Yanfeng , Liu Xin
Published: September 2023

This paper studies the finite-time synchronization problem of fractional-order stochastic memristive bidirectional associative memory neural networks (MBAMNNs) with discontinuous jumps. A novel criterion for finite-time synchronization is obtained by utilizing the properties of quadratic fractional-order Gronwall inequality with time delay and the comparison principle. This criterion provides a new approach to analyze the finite-time synchronization problem of neural networks with stochasticity. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the obtained results.
Option Pricing with Fractional Stochastic Volatilities and Jumps
Authors: Zhang Sumei , Yong Hongquan , Xiao Haiyang
Published: September 2023

Empirical studies suggest that asset price fluctuations exhibit “long memory”, “volatility smile”, “volatility clustering” and asset prices present “jump”. To fit the above empirical characteristics of the market, this paper proposes a fractional stochastic volatility jump-diffusion model by combining two fractional stochastic volatilities with mixed-exponential jumps. The characteristic function of the log-return is expressed in terms of the solution of two-dimensional fractional Riccati equations of which closed-form solution does not exist. To obtain the explicit characteristic function, we approximate the pricing model by a semimartingale and convert fractional Riccati equations into a classic PDE. By the multi-dimensional Feynman-Kac theorem and the affine structure of the approximate model, we obtain the solution of the PDE with which the explicit characteristic function and its cumulants are derived. Based on the derived characteristic function and Fourier cosine series expansion, we obtain approximate European options prices. By differential evolution algorithm, we calibrate our approximate model and its two nested models to S&P 500 index options and obtain optimal parameter estimates of these models. Numerical results demonstrate the pricing method is fast and accurate. Empirical results demonstrate our approximate model fits the market best among the three models.
Impact of Voluntary, Community and Social Enterprise (VCSE) Organisations Working with Underserved Communities with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in England
Authors: Nield Lucie , Bhanbhro Sadiq , Steers Helen , Young Anna , Fowler Davis Sally
Published: September 2023

The Voluntary, Community and Social Enterprise (VCSE) sector offers services and leadership within the health and care system in England and has a specialist role in working with underserved, deprived communities. This evaluation aims to identify best practices in self-management support for those living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to develop a theory of change (TofC) through understanding the impact of VCSE organisations on diabetes management. An appreciative inquiry (AI) was carried out and co-delivered using qualitative interviews and an embedded analysis with VCSE partners. A voluntary service coordinated seven VCSE organisations who assisted with recruiting their service users and undertook interviews to identify the impact of existing activities and programmes. People living with T2DM were interviewed about services. Themes were as follows: (a) individual and group activities; (b) trusted services and relationships across the community; (c) long-term engagement; (d) sociocultural context of diet and nutritional choices; (e) experience of adaptation; and (f) culturally appropriate advice and independent VCSE organisations. The structured educational approach (DESMOND) for T2DM was accessed variably, despite these services being recommended by NICE guidelines as a standard intervention. The VCSE offered continuity and culturally appropriate services to more marginalised groups. This evaluation highlights the importance of targeted engagement with underserved communities, particularly where primary care services are more limited. The TofC is a unique insight into the impact of VCSE services, offering bespoke support to manage T2DM, suggesting areas for improvements in capacity and offering the capability to sustain the VCSE sector as an essential element of the T2DM care pathway in England.
The Effects of Alexithymia and Confidence in Patient Safety Management on the Clinical Competence of Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Lee KyoungSook , Kim YoungSook
Published: September 2023

Nursing students frequently believe that they are clinically incompetent. The objective of this study was to identify the effects of alexithymia and patient safety management on the clinical competence of nursing students. A cross-sectional design was used to investigate these relationships among 167 nursing students from two universities in South Korea. A self-reported structured questionnaire was used for alexithymia, patient safety management confidence, and clinical competence. The factors influencing clinical competence were safety education (β = −0.16, p = 0.022), alexithymia (β = −0.14, p = 0.049), and confidence in patient safety management (β = 0.52, p < 0.001). The explanatory power of these three factors was 37.1%, and confidence in patient safety management was found to have the greatest influence on clinical competence. Based on these results, the pursuit of patient safety and the delivery of high-quality care depend not only on the acquisition of clinical skills but also on the emotional competencies and patient safety management confidence of the nursing students.
Provision of Safe Anesthesia in Magnetic Resonance Environments: Degree of Compliance with International Guidelines in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshuhri Mohammed S. , Alkhateeb Bader A. , Alomair Othman I. , Alghamdi Sami A. , Madkhali Yahia A. , Altamimi Abdulrahman M. , Alashban Yazeed I. , Alotaibi Meshal M.
Published: September 2023

Background: The lack of local guidelines and regulations for the administration of anesthesia in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) units presents a potential risk to patient safety in Saudi Arabia. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the extent to which hospitals in Saudi Arabia follow international guidelines and recommendations for the safe and effective administration of anesthesia in an MRI environment. Methods: This study used a questionnaire that was distributed to 31 medical facilities in Saudi Arabia that provided anesthesia in MRI units. Results: The findings of the study revealed that the mean compliance with the 17 guidelines across the 31 sites was 77%; 5 of the 31 sites (16.1%) had a compliance rate of less than 50% with the recommended guidelines. Only 19.4% of the institutes provided general safety education. Communication breakdowns between anesthesia providers and MRI teams were reported. Conclusions: To conclude, this survey highlights the status of anesthesia standards in Saudi Arabian MRI units and emphasizes areas that require better adherence to international guidelines. The results call for targeted interventions, including the formulation of specific national anesthesia guidelines for MRI settings. Communication breakdowns between anesthesia providers and MRI teams were reported at a rate of 83.9% during the administration of a gadolinium contrast agent. There were additional breakdowns, particularly for high-risk patients with implants, such as impaired respirators (74.2%), thus requiring further investigation due to potential safety incidents during MRI procedures. While considering the limitations of this study, such as potential biases and the low response rate, it provides a valuable foundation for refining protocols and promoting standardized practices in Saudi Arabian healthcare.
Child Abuse and Neglect: Awareness among Dental Students
Authors: Almutairi Manal , Alomran Ibrahim , Alshahrani Reema , Alsania Rehaf , Ali Hafsah Al , Allam Rehab , Alessa Noura , Hafiz Zain
Published: September 2023

Child abuse and neglect (CAN) have significant consequences for children’s health and well-being. Dentists play an important role in identifying and reporting CAN cases. This study aimed to assess knowledge and attitudes toward CAN among dental students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students, comparing second-year (preclinical) and fifth-year (clinical) students, both male and female, in the College of Dentistry at King Saud University during the first semester of the 2022/2023 academic year, using a questionnaire with 23 multiple-choice questions and an electronic link. The results revealed that most dental students (96%) were aware of CAN, with social media being the most utilized source of information (85%). However, the dental college was noticed as the least utilized source (50%). Most dental students recognize the significance of CAN in dentistry and expressed an intense interest in learning how to effectively deal with such cases. Only a small proportion, 16%, of dental students reported experiencing incidents of CAN in their clinical practice. In general, there were statistically significant differences between preclinical and clinical students, but there were no significant differences in awareness between female and male students when the source of information and role in dealing with CAN were taken into consideration. Both preclinical and clinical dental students were aware of CAN, although there were concerns about their ability to cope with it. The results emphasize the importance of comprehensive education and training programs across the dental curriculum about CAN.
Research Trends in the Use of Machine Learning Applied in Mobile Networks: A Bibliometric Approach and Research Agenda
Authors: García-Pineda Vanessa , Valencia-Arias Alejandro , Patiño-Vanegas Juan Camilo , Flores Cueto Juan José , Arango-Botero Diana , Rojas Coronel Angel Marcelo , Rodríguez-Correa Paula Andrea
Published: September 2023

This article aims to examine the research trends in the development of mobile networks from machine learning. The methodological approach starts from an analysis of 260 academic documents selected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases and is based on the parameters of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Quantity, quality and structure indicators are calculated in order to contextualize the documents’ thematic evolution. The results reveal that, in relation to the publications by country, the United States and China, who are competing for fifth generation (5G) network coverage and are responsible for manufacturing devices for mobile networks, stand out. Most of the research on the subject focuses on the optimization of resources and traffic to guarantee the best management and availability of a network due to the high demand for resources and greater amount of traffic generated by the many Internet of Things (IoT) devices that are being developed for the market. It is concluded that thematic trends focus on generating algorithms for recognizing and learning the data in the network and on trained models that draw from the available data to improve the experience of connecting to mobile networks.
β1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies and IgG Subclasses: Current Status and Unsolved Issues
Authors: Kawai Akane , Nagatomo Yuji , Yukino-Iwashita Midori , Nakazawa Ryota , Taruoka Akira , Yumita Yusuke , Takefuji Asako , Yasuda Risako , Toya Takumi , Ikegami Yukinori , Masaki Nobuyuki , Ido Yasuo , Adachi Takeshi
Published: September 2023

A wide range of anti-myocardial autoantibodies have been reported since the 1970s. Among them, autoantibodies against the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR-AAb) have been the most thoroughly investigated, especially in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Β1AR-Aabs have agonist effects inducing desensitization of β1AR, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and sustained calcium influx which lead to cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. Β1AR-Aab has been reported to be detected in approximately 40% of patients with DCM, and the presence of the antibody has been associated with worse clinical outcomes. The removal of anti-myocardial autoantibodies including β1AR-AAb by immunoadsorption is beneficial for the improvement of cardiac function for DCM patients. However, several studies have suggested that its efficacy depended on the removal of AAbs belonging to the IgG3 subclass, not total IgG. IgG subclasses differ in the structure of the Fc region, suggesting that the mechanism of action of β1AR-AAb differs depending on the IgG subclasses. Our previous clinical research demonstrated that the patients with β1AR-AAb better responded to β-blocker therapy, but the following studies found that its response also differed among IgG subclasses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the possible pathogenic role of IgG subclasses of β1AR-AAbs in DCM, and the broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including HF with preserved ejection fraction.
Dearsenation of Gold-Bearing Composite Concentrates without Forced Displacement in a Sublimator
Authors: Trebukhov Sergey , Volodin Valeriy , Nitsenko Alina , Linnik Xeniya , Kilibayev Erkebulan , Kolesnikova Olga , Liseitsev Yury
Published: September 2023

The primary devices for extracting volatile components from dispersed materials in a vacuum are devices with the movement of raw materials by directed vibrations. During the analysis of the operation of such installations, some shortcomings were identified, due to the supply of heat flow to the processed raw material and the requirements for the choice of structural materials. In this article, the authors tested a heating method and a design of a sublimator with the supply of heat flow to the dispersed material by radiation from the heater. The sublimation zone is made in the form of a shaft formed by simple-shaped plates, the design and material of which involve the use of refractory and ceramic materials that are inert with respect to an aggressive vaporous sulfide medium. The movement of bulk material through the volume of the sublimator occurs due to rheological properties: sliding along inclined plates. Technological tests on the sublimation of arsenic sulfides from gravity and flotation composite concentrates of the Bakyrchik deposit (Kazakhstan) have shown the possibility of a high degree of sublimation of arsenic (more than 96–99%) while preserving precious metal composites in the sublimation residue and stable operation of equipment. Sublimation residues containing 0.14–0.30% As can be processed by known methods. The possibility of sufficiently complete removal of arsenic and its compounds from composite concentrates at a reduced pressure with the removal of the latter in the most environmentally friendly sulfide form has been established.
Damage Propagation and Residual Strength of Simple Block-Loaded CFRP Plates with Circular Holes under Tension–Tension Fatigue Conditions
Authors: Heinzlmeier Lukas , Sieberer Stefan , Wolfsgruber Thomas , Kralovec Christoph , Schagerl Martin
Published: September 2023

Holes and their effects on the fatigue behavior and damage propagation of thin-walled structural components remain objects of research. In this paper, the previously untreated effect of round holes in thin plain-woven carbon fiber-reinforced plastic plates subjected to simple block loading is examined, and the implication on both damage propagation and residual tensile strength is investigated. Using three-dimensional digital image correlation, the damage propagation in the performed experimental tests is acquired, and the damage size is quantified. The evaluations reveal a relationship between the damage propagation and applied load level, for which an empirical model has been previously established by the authors. As the number of cycles increases, a saturation behavior is found. Once the increased load is imposed on the plate, damage propagation resumes, leading to further damage propagation that can be described with the same empirical model as the initial damage propagation, including renewed saturation behavior. The subsequent experimental tests to determine the residual tensile strength reveal a positive effect of the existing damage size, as the ultimate load significantly exceeds the ultimate load of the non-damaged plate.
Real-Time Processing and High-Quality Imaging of Navigation Strip Data Using SSS Based on AUVs
Authors: Tang Yulin , Wang Junsen , Jin Shaohua , Zhao Jianhu , Wang Liming , Bian Gang , Zhao Xinyang
Published: September 2023

In light of the prevailing approach in which data from side-scan sonar (SSS) from Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are primarily processed and visualized post mission, failing to meet the requirements in terms of timeliness for on-the-fly image acquisition, this paper introduces a novel method for real-time processing and superior imaging of navigation strip data from SSS aboard AUVs. Initially, a comprehensive description of the real-time processing sequence is provided, encompassing the integration of multi-source navigation data using Kalman filtering, and high-pass filtering of attitude and heading data to exclude anomalies, as well as the use of bidirectional filtering techniques within and between pings, ensuring real-time quality control of raw data. In addition, this study adopts the semantic segmentation Unet network for automatic real-time tracking of seafloor lines, devises a real-time correction strategy for radial distortion based on historical echo data, and utilizes the alternating direction multiplier method for real-time noise reduction in strip images. With the combined application of these four pivotal techniques, we adeptly address the primary challenges in real-time navigation data processing. In conclusion, marine tests conducted in Bohai Bay substantiate the efficacy of the methodologies delineated in this research, offering a fresh paradigm for real-time processing and superior visualization of SSS navigation strip data on AUVs.
Monitoring of a Coastal Protection Scheme through Satellite Remote Sensing: A Case Study in Ghana
Authors: das Neves Luciana , Andrade Carolina , Sarmento Maria Francisca , Rosa-Santos Paulo
Published: September 2023

Earth observation can provide managers with valuable information on ongoing coastal processes and major trends in coastline evolution, especially in data-poor regions. This paper examines the use of optical satellite images in the mapping of the changes in shoreline position before, during, and after the implementation of a protection scheme. The aim of this paper is twofold: (i) to demonstrate the potential of satellite imagery as an effective, robust, and low-cost tool to remotely monitor the effectiveness of protective structures based on a large-scale case study in West Africa; and (ii) to compile lessons learned from this case study that can be used in the design of future interventions. The analysis shows that before the implementation of the protection scheme, the coastal sector was retreating at a rate of −1.6 m/year, which is in line with the average retreat rates reported in other studies for the region. After project implementation, this trend reversed into shoreline accretion at a rate of +1.0 m/year, locally experiencing positive and negative oscillations in the short term. Furthermore, the shoreline-extracted positions proved useful in assessing the impact of differences in the groynes’ permeability with respect to temporary leeside erosion. Finally, it is recommended to continue this monitoring to assess long-term trends.
Application of Discrete Element Method Coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics to Predict the Erosive Wear Behavior of Arctic Vessel Hulls Subjected to Ice Impacts
Authors: Lee Sung-Je , Lee Jang Hyun
Published: September 2023

Marine vessels operating on the Arctic Sea route are constantly prone to collisions and friction with ice. This study discusses the wear of the hull plate caused by the collision of ice against vessels operating in Arctic Sea routes. The abrasive wear of the hull due to ice impact was numerically assessed based on both the incident behavior of ice particles interacting with the flow around the hull and the wear loss of the hull surface caused by the contact force of ice particles. A multi-phase approach was adopted to account for the behavior of ice particles continuously affected by the fluid force around the hull. The fluid force acting on the ice floe was evaluated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the dynamic motion of the drift ice was evaluated using the discrete element method (DEM). The motion of the floating ice particles was updated in real time by iteratively coupling the fluid force and the motion of the ice floe at each time step of the numerical simulation. The results of the wear simulation models were presented in terms of the shape change of the hull surface due to wear. At first, the wear was evaluated for cases in which only the surface paint of the hull was damaged. Thereafter, a computation model considering the shape change of the hull surface experiencing long-term friction of ice particles was introduced. Finally, the numerical procedures to predict the abrasive wear of the hull surface by ice impact were discussed.
An Index-Based Method to Assess the Resilience of Urban Areas to Coastal Flooding: The Case of Attica, Greece
Authors: Roukounis Charalampos Nikolaos , Tsoukala Vasiliki K. , Tsihrintzis Vassilios A.
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to assess the resilience of coastal urban areas and their exposure to sea-level rise and coastal flooding, using the proposed Coastal Resilience Index (CResI). The CResI is an innovative combination of diverse characteristics. It includes 19 parameters and is implemented using GIS techniques. The parameters included in the CResI are classified into six category factors (geomorphology, flooding, wave exposition, land use, socioeconomic, and infrastructure/functional). The Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to assign weights and rank the parameters. The framework is tested in the southwest waterfront of the Athens Metropolitan Area in Greece. The study identified that around 25% of the coastal area could be at risk of coastal flooding in the upcoming years, including areas in both the metropolitan and suburban environments. As a result, the need for adaptation measures cannot be overlooked.
Fine Blanking of Austenitic Stainless Steel Gears Using Carbon-Supersaturated High-Speed Steel Tools
Authors: Aizawa Tatsuhiko , Fuchiwaki Kenji
Published: September 2023

Austenitic stainless steel gears were fabricated via the fine blanking process that can be used for mass production. A carbon-supersaturated (CS)-matrix high-speed steel punch was prepared to minimize the adhesive and abrasive wear damage. Its edge profile was tailored and finished to control the local metal flow around the punch edges and edge corners. This CS punch was utilized in fine blanking the AISI304 austenitic stainless steel gears. Ball-on-disc (BOD) testing was first employed to describe the frictional behavior of the CS tool steel disc against the AISI304 stainless steel balls. SEM-EDX analysis on the wear track revealed that a free-carbon tribofilm was formed in situ in the wear track to prevent adhesive wear via galling on the tool steel disc. No significant adhesive or abrasive wear was detected on the punch edges and punch edge corners after continuously fine blanking with 50 strokes. AISI304 gears were produced to have fully burnished surfaces. Their pitches, widths and circles were measured to evaluate their gear-grade balancing during the fine blanking process. The stabilized gear-grade balancing in JIS-9 to JIS-10 grades was attained for these as-blanked AISI304 gears without finishing processes.
Variations in Finite-Time Multi-Surface Sliding Mode Control for Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Payload Delivery with Pendulum Swinging Effects
Authors: Peris Clevon , Norton Michael , Khoo Sui Yang
Published: September 2023

Multi-surface sliding mode control addresses the limitations of traditional sliding mode control by employing multiple sliding surfaces to handle uncertainties, disturbances, and nonlinearities. The design process involves developing sliding surfaces, designing switching logic, and deriving control laws for each surface. In this paper, first, a robust finite-time multi-surface sliding mode controller will be presented and its performance analyzed by applying it to a multirotor subjected to a suspended payload, modeled in the form of a single pendulum, itself defined as a spatial (3D) dynamic model. Next, an adaptive finite-time multi-surface sliding mode controller will be derived—adding a variable adaptive parameter to the existing sliding surfaces of the robust finite-time control—and applied to the same system. It will be shown that the adaptive controller, with an adaptive parameter that adjusts itself based on the present value of the multi-surface sliding mode parameter, creates an improved fast finite-time convergence by obtaining an optimal settling time and minimizing undershoot of the multirotor state vector. Empirical verification of the effectiveness of the adaptive control will be carried out by presenting the control performances against a step response. It is also shown that the control may be utilized to approximate external disturbances—represented by the pendulum—and that with the application of control, the vehicle’s motion may be stabilized and the payload swing suppressed. Lyapunov stability theory-based stability proofs for the controllers’ designs are developed, showing the asymptotic stability of the output and uniform boundedness of the errors in the system dynamics. It is verified that the multi-surface sliding mode control can account for system uncertainties—both matched and mismatched—in addition to changes in internal dynamics and disturbances to the system, where the single pendulum payload is representative of the changes in dynamics that may occur to the system. Numerical simulations and characteristics are presented to validate the performance of the controllers.
Advanced Manufacturability of Electrical Machine Architecture through 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Selema Ahmed , Ibrahim Mohamed N. , Sergeant Peter
Published: September 2023

The rapid evolution of electric machines requires innovative approaches to boost performance, efficiency, and sustainability. Additive Manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a transformative technique, reshaping the landscape of electric machine components, ranging from magnetic materials to windings and extending to thermal management. In the area of magnetic materials, AM’s capacity to fabricate intricate structures optimizes magnetic flux dynamics, yielding advanced shape-profile cores and self-coating laminations for superior performance. In windings, AM’s prowess is evident through innovative concepts, effectively mitigating AC conduction effects while reducing weight. Furthermore, AM revolutionizes thermal management, as exemplified by 3D-printed ceramic heat exchangers, intricate cooling channels, and novel housing designs, all contributing to enhanced thermal efficiency and power density. The integration of AM not only transcends conventional manufacturing constraints but also promises to usher in an era of unprecedented electric machine innovation, addressing the intricate interplay of magnetic, winding, and thermal dynamics.
On a Generalized Wave Equation with Fractional Dissipation in Non-Local Elasticity
Authors: Atanackovic Teodor M. , Djekic Diana Dolicanin , Gilic Ersin , Kacapor Enes
Published: September 2023

We analyze wave equation for spatially one-dimensional continuum with constitutive equation of non-local type. The deformation is described by a specially selected strain measure with general fractional derivative of the Riesz type. The form of constitutive equation is assumed to be in strain-driven type, often used in nano-mechanics. The resulting equations are solved in the space of tempered distributions by using the Fourier and Laplace transforms. The properties of the solution are examined and compared with the classical case.
Defect-Band Splitting of a One-Dimensional Phononic Crystal with Double Defects for Bending-Wave Excitation
Authors: Jo Soo-Ho , Lee Donghyu , Youn Byeng D.
Published: September 2023

Extensive prior research has delved into the localization of elastic wave energy through defect modes within phononic crystals (PnCs). The amalgamation of defective PnCs with piezoelectric materials has opened new avenues for conceptual innovations catering to energy harvesters, wave filters, and ultrasonic receivers. A recent departure from this conventional paradigm involves designing an ultrasonic actuator that excites elastic waves. However, previous efforts have mostly focused on single-defect scenarios for bending-wave excitation. To push the boundaries, this research takes a step forward by extending PnC design to include double piezoelectric defects. This advancement allows ultrasonic actuators to effectively operate across multiple frequencies. An analytical model originally developed for a single-defect situation via Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is adapted to fit within the framework of a double-defect set-up, predicting wave-excitation performance. Furthermore, a comprehensive study is executed to analyze how changes in input voltage configurations impact the output responses. The ultimate goal is to create ultrasonic transducers that could have practical applications in nondestructive testing for monitoring structural health and in ultrasonic imaging for medical purposes.
Sensor Selection and State Estimation of Continuous mAb Production Processes
Authors: Obiri Sandra A. , Agyeman Bernard T. , Debnath Sarupa , Liu Siyu , Liu Jinfeng
Published: September 2023

The production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) plays a pivotal role in therapeutic treatments, and optimizing their production is crucial for minimizing costs and improving their accessibility to patients. One way of improving the production process is to improve model accuracy through the correct estimation of its states and parameters. The contributions of this paper lie in the provision of guidelines for sensor selection in the upstream production process of mAbs to enhance the accuracy of state estimation. Furthermore, this paper applies an effective variable selection technique for simultaneous state and parameter estimations for enhanced estimation results in the biomanufacturing processes of mAbs. An estimation framework of MHE is designed for three different case studies to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. The estimation performance is compared and assessed using the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) as an evaluation criterion.
On the Geometry of Kobayashi–Nomizu Type and Yano Type Connections on the Tangent Bundle with Sasaki Metric
Authors: Peyghan Esmaeil , Seifipour Davood , Mihai Ion
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we address the study of the Kobayashi–Nomizu type and the Yano type connections on the tangent bundle TM equipped with the Sasaki metric. Then, we determine the curvature tensors of these connections. Moreover, we find conditions under which these connections are torsion-free, Codazzi, and statistical structures, respectively, with respect to the Sasaki metric. Finally, we introduce the mutual curvature tensor on a manifold. We investigate some of its properties; furthermore, we study mutual curvature tensors on a manifold equipped with the Kobayashi–Nomizu type and the Yano type connections.
Novel Multistep Implicit Iterative Methods for Solving Common Solution Problems with Asymptotically Demicontractive Operators and Applications
Authors: Xu Hai-Yang , Lan Heng-You
Published: September 2023

It is very meaningful and challenging to efficiently seek common solutions to operator systems (CSOSs), which are widespread in pure and applied mathematics, as well as some closely related optimization problems. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel class of multistep implicit iterative algorithms (MSIIAs) for solving general CSOSs. By using Xu’s lemma and Maingé’s fundamental and important results, we first obtain strong convergence theorems for both one-step and multistep implicit iterative schemes for CSOSs, involving asymptotically demicontractive operators. Finally, for the applications and profits of the main results presented in this paper, we give two numerical examples and present an iterative approximation to solve the general common solution to the variational inequalities and operator equations.
A New Approach to Discrete Integration and Its Implications for Delta Integrable Functions
Authors: Al-Shamiri Mohammed M. , Rexma Sherine V. , Britto Antony Xavier G. , Saraswathi D. , Gerly T. G. , Chellamani P. , Abdalla Manal Z. M. , Avinash N. , Abisha M.
Published: September 2023

This research aims to develop discrete fundamental theorems using a new strategy, known as delta integration method, on a class of delta integrable functions. The νth-fractional sum of a function f has two forms; closed form and summation form. Most authors in the previous literature focused on the summation form rather than developing the closed-form solutions, which is to say that they were more concerned with the summation form. However, finding a solution in a closed form requires less time than in a summation form. This inspires us to develop a new approach, which helps us to find the closed form related to nth-sum for a class of delta integrable functions, that is, functions with both discrete integration and nth-sum. By equating these two forms of delta integrable functions, we arrive at several identities (known as discrete fundamental theorems). Also, by introducing ∞-order delta integrable functions, the discrete integration related to the νth-fractional sum of f can be obtained by applying Newton’s formula. In addition, this concept is extended to h-delta integration and its sum. Our findings are validated via numerical examples. This method will be used to accelerate computer-processing speeds in comparison to summation forms. Finally, our findings are analyzed with outcomes provided of diagrams for geometric, polynomial and falling factorial functions.
New Quality Measures for Quadrilaterals and New Discrete Functionals for Grid Generation
Authors: González Flores Guilmer Ferdinand , Barrera Sánchez Pablo
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we review some grid quality metrics and define some new quality measures for quadrilateral elements. The curved elements are not discussed. Usually, the maximum value of a quality measure corresponds to the minimum value of the energy density over the grid. We also define new discrete functionals, which are implemented as objective functions in an optimization-based method for quadrilateral grid generation and improvement. These functionals are linearly combined with a discrete functional whose domain has an infinite barrier at the boundary of the set of unfolded grids to preserve convex grid cells in each step of the optimization process.
The Anti-Inflammatory Action of Pulsed Radiofrequency—A Hypothesis and Potential Applications
Authors: Sluijter Menno E. , Teixeira Alexandre , Vissers Kris , Brasil Luis Josino , van Duijn Bert
Published: September 2023

In 2013, it was reported that pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) could be applied to obtain a systemic anti-inflammatory effect. Patients with chronic pain and patients with an inflammatory condition from other disciplines could potentially profit from this finding. At that time, intravenous application was used, but since then, it became clear that it could be applied transcutaneously as well. This procedure was named RedoxPRF. This can be used both for regional and for systemic application. Recently, the basic element of the mode of action has been clarified from the analysis of the effects of PRF on a standard model of muscle injury in rats. The objective of this paper is to present a hypothesis on the mode of action of RedoxPRF now that the basic mechanism has become known. Cell stress causes an increased production of free radicals, disturbing the redox equilibrium, causing oxidative stress (OS) either directly or secondarily by other types of stress. Eventually, OS causes inflammation and an increased sympathetic (nervous) system activity. In the acute form, this leads to immune paralysis; in the chronic form, to immune tolerance and chronic inflammation. It is hypothesized that RedoxPRF causes a reduction of free radicals by a recombination of radical pairs. For systemic application, the target cells are the intravascular immune cells that pass through an activated area as on an assembly line. Hypothesis conclusions: 1. RedoxPRF treatment works selectively on OS. It has the unique position of having a point of engagement at the most upstream level of the train of events. 2. RedoxPRF has the potential of being a useful tool in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and possibly of stage 4 cancer. 3. In the treatment of chronic pain, RedoxPRF is an entirely new method because it is different from ablation as well as from stimulation. We propose the term “functional restoration”. 4. Controlled studies must be conducted to develop this promising new field in medicine further.
Development of an Anthropomorphic Heterogeneous Female Pelvic Phantom and Its Comparison with a Homogeneous Phantom in Advance Radiation Therapy: Dosimetry Analysis
Authors: Yadav Neha , Singh Manisha , Mishra Surendra P. , Ansari Shahnawaz
Published: September 2023

Background: Accurate dosimetry is crucial in radiotherapy to ensure optimal radiation dose delivery to the tumor while sparing healthy tissues. Traditional dosimetry techniques using homogeneous phantoms may not accurately represent the complex anatomical variations in cervical cancer patients, highlighting the need to compare dosimetry results obtained from different phantom models. Purpose: The aim of this study is to design and evaluate an anthropomorphic heterogeneous female pelvic (AHFP) phantom for radiotherapy quality assurance in cervical cancer treatment. Materials and method: Thirty RapidArc plans designed for cervical cancer patients were exported to both the RW3 homogeneous phantom and the anthropomorphic heterogeneous pelvic phantom. Dose calculations were performed using the anisotropic analytic algorithm (AAA), and the plans were delivered using a linear accelerator (LA). Dose measurements were obtained using a 0.6 cc ion chamber. The percentage (%) variation between planned and measured doses was calculated and analyzed. Additionally, relative dosimetry was performed for various target locations using RapidArc and IMRT treatment techniques. The AHFP phantom demonstrated excellent agreement between measured and expected dose distributions, making it a reliable quality assurance tool in radiotherapy. Results: The results reveal that the percentage variation between planned and measured doses for all RapidArc quality assurance (QA) plans using the AHFP phantom is 10.67% (maximum value), 2.31% (minimum value), and 6.89% (average value), with a standard deviation (SD) of 2.565 (t = 3.21604, p = 0.001063). Also, for the percentage of variation between homogeneous and AHFP phantoms, the t-value is −11.17016 and the p-value is <0.00001. The result is thus significant at p < 0.05. We can see that the outcomes differ significantly due to the influence of heterogeneous media. Also, the average gamma values in RapidArc plans are 0.29, 0.32, and 0.35 (g ≤ 1) and IMRT plans are 0.45, 0.44, and 0.42 (g ≤ 1) for targets 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion: The AHFP phantom results show more dose variability than homogenous phantom outcomes. Also, the AHFP phantom was found to be suitable for QA evaluation.