bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radio continuum size evolution of star-forming galaxies over 0.35 < z < 2.25
Authors: Jiménez-Andrade E. F. , Magnelli B. , Karim A. , Zamorani G. , Bondi M. , Schinnerer E. , Sargent M. , Romano-Díaz E. , Novak M. , Lang P. , Bertoldi F. , Vardoulaki E. , Toft S. , Smolčić V. , Harrington K. , Leslie S. , Delhaize J. , Liu D. , Karoumpis C. , Kartaltepe J. , Koekemoer A. M.
Published: April 2019

To better constrain the physical mechanisms driving star formation, we present the first systematic study of the radio continuum size evolution of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) over the redshift range 0.35 <  z <  2.25. We use the VLA COSMOS 3 GHz map (noise rms = 2.3 μJy beam−1, θbeam = 0.75 arcsec) to construct a mass-complete sample of 3184 radio-selected SFGs that reside on and above the main sequence (MS) of SFGs. We constrain the overall extent of star formation activity in galaxies by applying a 2D Gaussian model to their radio continuum emission. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are used to validate the robustness of our measurements and characterize the selection function. We find no clear dependence between the radio size and stellar mass, M⋆, of SFGs with 10.5 ≲ log(M⋆/M⊙) ≲ 11.5. Our analysis suggests that MS galaxies are preferentially extended, while SFGs above the MS are always compact. The median effective radius of SFGs on (above) the MS of Reff = 1.5 ± 0.2 (1.0 ± 0.2) kpc remains nearly constant with cosmic time; a parametrization of the form Reff ∝ (1 + z)α yields a shallow slope of only α = −0.26 ± 0.08 (0.12 ± 0.14) for SFGs on (above) the MS. The size of the stellar component of galaxies is larger than the extent of the radio continuum emission by a factor ∼2 (1.3) at z = 0.5 (2), indicating star formation is enhanced at small radii. The galactic-averaged star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR) scales with the distance to the MS, except for a fraction of MS galaxies (≲10%) that harbor starburst-like ΣSFR. These “hidden” starbursts might have experienced a compaction phase due to disk instability and/or a merger-driven burst of star formation, which may or may not significantly offset a galaxy from the MS. We thus propose to use ΣSFR and distance to the MS in conjunction to better identify the galaxy population undergoing a starbursting phase.
New vistas in charm production
Authors: Szczurek Antoni
Published: April 2019

We discuss some new aspects of charm production trigerred by recent observations of the LHCb collaboration. The LHCb collaboration measured small asymmetries in production of D+D−mesons as well as
$ D_s^ + D_s^ - $
mesons. Is this related to initial quark/antiquark asymmetries in the proton ? Here we discuss a scenario in which unfavored fragmentations
$ q/\bar {q} \to D $
and
$ s/\bar {s} \to D_s $
are responsible for the asymmetries. We fix the strength of such fragmentations – transition probabilities, by adjusting to the size of the LHCb asymmetries. This has consequences for production of D mesons in forward directions (large xF ) as well as at low energies. Large asymmetries are predicted then in these regions. We present here some of our predictions. Consequences for high-energy neutrino production in the atmosphere are discussed and quantified. The production of Λc baryon at the LHC is disussed. Large deviations from the independent-parton fragmentation picture are found.
Futuree+e−Colliders at the Energy Frontier
Authors: Lesiak Tadeusz
Published: April 2019

A future giant electron-positron collider, operating at the energy frontier, is a natural proposal in order to push particle physics into new regime of precise measurements, in particular in the sectors of electroweak observables and Higgs boson parameters. The four projects of such accelerators: two linear (ILC and CLIC) and two circular (FCC and CEPC) are currently in various stages of development. In view of the update of European HEP strategy for particle physics and expectations of important decisions from Japan, China and USA, the next few years will be critical as far as the decisions about the construction of such colliders are concerned. The paper concisely reviews the relevant aspects and challenges of the proposed accelerators and detectors along with the presumed schedules of construction and operation. The motivation and very attractive physics program for new e+e−colliders, spanning in particular perspectives in Higgs, electroweak, and neutrino sectors, together with expectations of searches for New Physics, will be discussed as well.
Intermittency in pseudorapidity space of pp collisions at

√s

$ \sqrt s $

= 7 TeV
Authors: Ong Z. , Yuen E. , Ang H.W. , Chan A.H. , Oh C.H.
Published: April 2019

The intermittency-type fluctuations in the pseudorapidity space of pp collisions at
$ \sqrt s $
= 7 TeV done at the LHC is investigated, by analysing the scaling properties (exponents) of the factorial moments of the event multiplicity distributions in decreasing pseudorapidity bin size. It is found that the scaling behaviour persists in the
$ \sqrt s $
= 7 TeV regime, indicating intermittent behaviour as observed previously in analyses done at lower energies [1,2]. Comparison is also made with the theoretical predictions of the Generalised Multiplicity Distribution (GMD) [3,4,6].
Impact of Deployment on Reproductive Health in U.S. Active-Duty Servicewomen and Veterans
Authors: Gawron Lori , Mohanty April , Kaiser Jennifer , Gundlapalli Adi
Published: April 2019

Reproductive-age women are a fast-growing component of active-duty military personnel who experience deployment and combat more frequently than previous service-era women Veterans. With the expansion of the number of women and their roles, the United States Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs have prioritized development and integration of reproductive services into their health systems. Thus, understanding associations between deployments or combat exposures and short- or long-term adverse reproductive health outcomes is imperative for policy and programmatic development. Servicewomen and women Veterans may access reproductive services across civilian and military or Veteran systems and providers, increasing the need for awareness and communication regarding deployment experiences with a broad array of providers. An example is the high prevalence of military sexual trauma reported by women Veterans and the associated mental health diagnoses that may lead to a lifetime of high risk-coping behaviors that increase reproductive health risks, such as sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, and others. Care coordination models that integrate reproductive healthcare needs, especially during vulnerable times such as at the time of military separation and in the immediate postdeployment phase, may identify risk factors for early intervention with the potential to mitigate lifelong risks.
Assisted Reproductive Technology and the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Specialist in the U.S. Military
Authors: Pilgrim Justin , Healy Mae , Yauger Belinda , Torrealday Saioa , Csokmay John , Hill Micah
Published: April 2019

The U.S. military mirrors the U.S. population given the diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds of the service members. Active-duty military members, veterans, and Department of Defense beneficiaries can be negatively impacted by infertility.
Retrosigmoid Suprameatal Approach for Resection of Petrotentorial Cerebellopontine Angle Meningioma: Operative Video and Technical Nuances
Authors: Liu James K. , Dodson Vincent N.
Published: April 2019

Meningiomas are the second most common tumor to arise in the cerebellopontine angle. In this operative video atlas manuscript, the authors demonstrate a step-by-step technique for microsurgical resection of a petrotentorial meningioma in the cerebellopontine angle via a retrosigmoid suprameatal approach. Drilling of the hyperostotic suprameatal tubercle was necessary to gain access to the dural origin and anterior petrosal extent of the tumor. The nuances of microsurgical and skull base technique are illustrated including microsurgical dissection of the tumor away from the brainstem and neurovascular structures, facial nerve preservation, and fat graft-assisted Medpor Titan reconstruction to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. A gross total resection was achieved, and the patient was neurologically intact. In summary, the retrosigmoid suprameatal approach is an important strategy in the armamentarium for surgical management of petrotentorial meningiomas in the cerebellopontine angle.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/kwQP6BSYK7U.
Two-dimensional algebra in lattice gauge theory
Authors: Parzygnat Arthur J.
Published: April 2019

We provide a visual and intuitive introduction to effectively calculating in 2-groups along with explicit examples coming from non-Abelian 1- and 2-form gauge theory. In particular, we utilize string diagrams, tools similar to tensor networks, to compute the parallel transport along a surface using approximations on a lattice. We prove a convergence theorem for the surface transport in the continuum limit. Locality is used to define infinitesimal parallel transport, and two-dimensional algebra is used to derive finite versions along arbitrary surfaces with sufficient orientation data. The correct surface ordering is dictated by two-dimensional algebra and leads to an interesting diagrammatic picture for gauge fields interacting with particles and strings on a lattice. The surface ordering is inherently complicated, but we prove a simplification theorem confirming earlier results of Schreiber and Waldorf. Assuming little background, we present a simple way to understand some abstract concepts of higher category theory. In doing so, we review all the necessary categorical concepts from the tensor network point of view as well as many aspects of higher gauge theory.
Formation of spiral structures of turbulence driven by a strong rotation in magnetically cylindrical plasmas
Authors: Sasaki M. , Camenen Y. , Escarguel A. , Inagaki S. , Kasuya N. , Itoh K. , Kobayashi T.
Published: April 2019

A three-dimensional turbulence simulation is performed in order to understand the role of spiral structures observed in Kelvin-Helmholtz turbulence. The simulation is performed by introducing a vorticity source to drive the plasma rotation. By scanning the intensity of the vorticity source, a quasi-periodic formation of a spiral structure is obtained above a certain source intensity. The quasi-periodic oscillation can be seen in the fluctuation energy and the background, which exhibits a limit cycle oscillation. We clarify the roles of the spiral formation in the limit cycle oscillation: The dynamical change in the radial variation of the phase of the fluctuations causes a strong coupling of the fluctuations with the background through the transport of particles and momentum. The formation mechanism of the spiral structure is also studied. An instability due to the combination of the cylindrical effect and the flow inhomogeneity is consistent with the fluctuation which drives the spiral structure obtained in the simulation.
Magnetic insulation in a curved vacuum transmission line
Authors: Luo Wei , Li Yongdong , Wang Hongguang , Liu Chunliang , Guo Fan , Zhang Lei , Gu Yu , Zhang Jianwei
Published: April 2019

The curved structure of a coaxial magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) causes it to generate a nonuniform azimuthal magnetic field, which can disturb the electron flow and lead to a higher current loss when compared with a straight MITL. In this paper, the current loss mechanism and nonuniformity of the azimuthal magnetic field inherent to curved MITLs are investigated using theoretical analysis and particle-in-cell simulations. Results show that the critical current for magnetic insulation of the curved MITL increases with nonuniformity of the azimuthal magnetic field. The magnitude of the azimuthal magnetic field of the curved MITL can be described by a cosine distribution, lower in the outer region and higher in the inner region of the curved MITL. Nonuniformity of the azimuthal magnetic field decreases as electron current increases. Finally, an empirical expression relating to the structural parameters of curved MITLs is obtained for nonuniformity of the azimuthal magnetic field, which can be used to estimate the critical current for magnetic insulation in curved MITLs. This work extends the understanding of magnetic insulation in curved coaxial transmission lines.
Anisotropic Corbino conductivity in a magnetic field
Authors: Nomokonov D. V. , Goran A. V. , Bykov A. A.
Published: April 2019

The magnetoconductivity in anisotropic Corbino geometry has been studied experimentally and theoretically. The magnetoconductivity curve σrr(B) follows the average magnetoconductivity σar(B) = (σxx(B) + σyy(B))/2 in classically strong magnetic fields. In the region of classically weak magnetic fields, σrr(B) goes below σar(B). A theoretical study of anisotropic Corbino disk (ACD) magnetoconductivity has been carried out using the classical description of transport based on the calculation of current streamlines. The expressions for calculating the ACD magnetoconductivity for an arbitrary degree of anisotropy have been obtained. In the region of fields B > 1/μ, where μ is the mobility, the calculation results are in good agreement with the experiment. In the fields B < 1/μ, we have not been able to compare the calculations with the experiment because of using samples with too high mobility and a simple two-point measurement scheme. Our calculations allow us to estimate the value of deviation of the ACD magnetoconductivity from the average magnetoconductivity in a weak magnetic field.
Pulsed electron gun for electron diffraction at surfaces with femtosecond temporal resolution and high coherence length
Authors: Hafke B. , Witte T. , Brand C. , Duden Th. , Horn-von Hoegen M.
Published: April 2019

We present a newly designed 30 kV pulsed electron gun for ultrafast electron diffraction suited for pump-probe setups driven by femtosecond laser pulses. The electron gun can be operated both in transmission and reflection geometry. A robust design with a back illuminated Au photocathode, extraction fields of 7.5 kV/mm, and a magnetic focus lens ensures reliable daily use. Magnetic deflectors allow for beam alignment and characterization. Focusing of the UV pulse on the photocathode results in a small source size of photoemitted electrons and thus a high transverse coherence length of more than 50 nm in diffraction. A low difference of ΔE = 0.1 eV between the work function of the 10 nm Au photocathode and photon energy of the frequency tripled UV laser pulses results in an instrumental temporal resolution of 330 fs full width at half maximum. This resolution is discussed with respect to the number of electrons per pulse.
Cross talk-free coherent multi-wavelength Brillouin interaction
Authors: Stiller Birgit , Merklein Moritz , Vu Khu , Ma Pan , Madden Stephen J. , Poulton Christopher G. , Eggleton Benjamin J.
Published: April 2019

Stimulated Brillouin scattering drives a coherent interaction between optical signals and acoustic phonons and can be used for storing optical information in acoustic waves. An important consideration arises when multiple optical frequencies are simultaneously employed in the Brillouin process: in this case, the acoustic phonons that are addressed by each optical wavelength can be separated by frequencies far smaller than the acoustic phonon linewidth, potentially leading to cross talk between the optical modes. Here we extend the concept of Brillouin-based light storage to multiple wavelength channels. We experimentally and theoretically show that the accumulated phase mismatch over the length of the spatially extended phonons allows each optical wavelength channel to address a distinct phonon mode, ensuring negligible cross talk and preserving the coherence, even if the phonons overlap in frequency. This phase-mismatch for broad-bandwidth pulses has far-reaching implications allowing dense wavelength multiplexing in Brillouin-based light storage, multifrequency Brillouin sensing and lasing, parallel microwave processing, and quantum photon-phonon interactions.
Nucleation of self-growth dislocations on growth front during the solidification process of silicon
Authors: Zhou Naigen , Sui Xiaoxiao , He Xiajie , Huang Shaowen , Zhou Lang
Published: April 2019

Molecular dynamics simulation of the nucleation of dislocations in the solidification of silicon has been carried out. The self-growth dislocations could be generated on growth front of grains with the reduction of local energy during homogenous nucleation and growth of silicon. The nucleation mechanism of the self-growth dislocation has been discussed; the essence of it is the mismatch of two atomic islands with different twin stacking sequences in the rough interface. Temperature could affect the interface morphology and then the generation of self-growth dislocation. In addition, some dislocations move along twin boundaries in the grain and even are absorbed by grain boundaries in the course of crystal growth.
Attenuation of acoustic waves in ultrafast microscopy experiments
Authors: Devkota Tuphan , Beane Gary , Yu Kuai , Hartland Gregory V.
Published: April 2019

Femtosecond laser excitation of strongly absorbing thin films generates picosecond acoustic waves in the surrounding medium. In time-domain transient absorption experiments, these waves can give rise to Brillouin oscillations. In this contribution, the attenuation of the Brillouin oscillations in transient absorption microscopy experiments has been investigated for different excitation and detection conditions. The results show that the measured attenuation constants strongly depend on the numerical aperture (NA) of the microscope objective used in the experiments, with higher NA objectives giving larger attenuation constants. Modeling the effect using Gaussian beam theory shows that the increased attenuation at high NA arises from diffraction effects in both the light fields and the acoustic waves. These results are important for understanding the spectral resolution in imaging applications of the Brillouin scattering effect.
Nanoscale thermal characterization of high aspect ratio gold nanorods for photothermal applications at λ = 1.5 μm
Authors: Xiang Hengyang , Lin Hung-Ju , Niu Tingting , Chen Zhuoying , Aigouy Lionel
Published: April 2019

We synthetized gold nanorods that present a high aspect ratio (>10) and possess a surface plasmon resonance in the near-infrared, in the 1300–1600 nm spectral range. Using a single Er3+-doped NaYF4 nanocrystal deposited on their surface, we measured the temperature increase of a few nanorods excited at their surface plasmon resonance wavelength. We observed a temperature increase of more than 30 °C for an excitation power density of 3 mW/μm2. This experiment shows that a very small amount of nanorods can be used for obtaining an intense and localized photothermal effect. Applications can be found in the design of inexpensive infrared photodetectors and photothermal therapy in the third biological window. In addition, the association of gold nanorods with an Er3+ doped nanocrystal constitutes a very interesting hybrid heater/temperature sensor.
Optimization of Al/AlOx/Al-layer systems for Josephson junctions from a microstructure point of view
Authors: Fritz S. , Radtke L. , Schneider R. , Weides M. , Gerthsen D.
Published: April 2019

Al/AlOx/Al-layer systems are frequently used for Josephson junction-based superconducting devices. Although much work has been devoted to the optimization of the superconducting properties of these devices, systematic studies on the influence of deposition conditions, combined with structural analyses on the nanoscale, are rare up to now. We have focused on the optimization of the structural properties of Al/AlOx/Al-layer systems deposited on Si(111) substrates with a particular focus on the thickness homogeneity of the AlOx-tunnel barrier. A standard high-vacuum electron-beam deposition system was used, and the effect of substrate pretreatment, different Al-deposition temperatures, and Al-deposition rates was studied. Transmission electron microscopy was applied to analyze the structural properties of the Al/AlOx/Al-layer systems to determine the thickness homogeneity of the AlOx layer, grain-size distribution in the Al layers, Al-grain boundary types, and the morphology of the Al/AlOx interface. We show that the structural properties of the lower Al layer are decisive for the structural quality of the whole Al/AlOx/Al-layer system. Optimum conditions yield an epitaxial Al(111) layer on a Si(111) substrate with an Al-layer thickness variation of only ±1.6 nm over more than 10 μm and large lateral grain sizes up to 1 μm. Thickness fluctuations of the AlOx-tunnel barrier are minimized on such an Al layer, which is essential for the homogeneity of the tunnel current. Systematic variation of the Al-deposition rate and deposition temperature allows one to develop an understanding of the growth mechanisms.
A generally applicable atomic-charge dependent London dispersion correction
Authors: Caldeweyher Eike , Ehlert Sebastian , Hansen Andreas , Neugebauer Hagen , Spicher Sebastian , Bannwarth Christoph , Grimme Stefan
Published: April 2019

The so-called D4 model is presented for the accurate computation of London dispersion interactions in density functional theory approximations (DFT-D4) and generally for atomistic modeling methods. In this successor to the DFT-D3 model, the atomic coordination-dependent dipole polarizabilities are scaled based on atomic partial charges which can be taken from various sources. For this purpose, a new charge-dependent parameter-economic scaling function is designed. Classical charges are obtained from an atomic electronegativity equilibration procedure for which efficient analytical derivatives with respect to nuclear positions are developed. A numerical Casimir-Polder integration of the atom-in-molecule dynamic polarizabilities then yields charge- and geometry-dependent dipole-dipole dispersion coefficients. Similar to the D3 model, the dynamic polarizabilities are precomputed by time-dependent DFT and all elements up to radon (Z = 86) are covered. The two-body dispersion energy expression has the usual sum-over-atom-pairs form and includes dipole-dipole as well as dipole-quadrupole interactions. For a benchmark set of 1225 molecular dipole-dipole dispersion coefficients, the D4 model achieves an unprecedented accuracy with a mean relative deviation of 3.8% compared to 4.7% for D3. In addition to the two-body part, three-body effects are described by an Axilrod-Teller-Muto term. A common many-body dispersion expansion was extensively tested, and an energy correction based on D4 polarizabilities is found to be advantageous for larger systems. Becke-Johnson-type damping parameters for DFT-D4 are determined for more than 60 common density functionals. For various standard energy benchmark sets, DFT-D4 slightly but consistently outperforms DFT-D3. Especially for metal containing systems, the introduced charge dependence of the dispersion coefficients improves thermochemical properties. We suggest (DFT-)D4 as a physically improved and more sophisticated dispersion model in place of DFT-D3 for DFT calculations as well as other low-cost approaches like semi-empirical models.
Initial stage of interaction between gyrating relativistic electron beam and long-wavelength electromagnetic surface waves in cylindrical metallic waveguides partially filled with plasma
Authors: Girka I. O. , Girka O. I. , Thumm M.
Published: April 2019

Azimuthal surface waves are eigen electromagnetic waves of cylindrical metallic waveguides with plasma filling. Azimuthal surface waves of extraordinary polarization are known to be effectively excited by a beam of electrons gyrating in an axial external static magnetic field along large Larmor radii around the plasma column. Beam excitation of azimuthal surface waves was well studied theoretically in both linear and nonlinear approaches. An important limitation of the earlier studies was the approximation of zero axial wavenumber. In the present paper, perturbation theory is applied to account for finite magnitude of the axial wavenumber of electromagnetic surface waves in studying their excitation by an electron beam. The dependence of the wave growth rate on the axial wavenumber and parameters of the plasma waveguide is studied. The results obtained in this paper are of interest for application in plasma electronics.
InGaAs based heterojunction phototransistors: Viable solution for high-speed and low-noise short wave infrared imaging
Authors: Rezaei Mohsen , Park Min-Su , Rabinowitz Cobi , Tan Chee Leong , Wheaton Skylar , Ulmer Melville , Mohseni Hooman
Published: April 2019

Highly sensitive and fast imaging at short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) is one of the key enabling technologies for the direct-imaging of habitable exoplanets. SWIR imaging systems currently available in the market are dominated by imagers based on InGaAs PIN photodiodes. The sensitivity of these cameras is limited by their read-out noise (RON) level. Sensors with internal gain can suppress the RON and achieve lower noise imaging. In this paper, we demonstrate a SWIR camera based on 3D-engineered InP/InGaAs heterojunction phototransistors with responsivities around 2000 A/W which provides a shot-noise limited imaging sensitivity at a very low light level. We present the details of the semiconductor structure, the microfabrication, and the heterogeneous integration of this camera. The low capacitance pixels of the imager achieve 36 electron effective RON at frame rates around 5 kilo-frames per second at an operating temperature of 220 K and a bias voltage of 1.1 V. This is a significant step toward achieving highly sensitive imaging at SWIR at high frame rates and noncryogenic operating temperatures. Based on the proposed modeling and experimental results, a clear path to reach the RON less than 10 electrons is presented.
Reduced computational cost of polarizable force fields by a modification of the always stable predictor-corrector
Authors: Nocito Dominique , Beran Gregory J. O.
Published: April 2019

Classical polarizable force fields effectively incorporate the dynamic response of the electronic charge distributions into molecular dynamics simulations, but they do so at a significant increase in computational cost compared to simpler models. Here, we demonstrate how one can improve the stability of a polarizable force field molecular dynamics simulation or accelerate the evaluation of self-consistent polarization via a simple extension of the predictor in the always stable predictor-corrector method. Specifically, increasing the number of prior steps used in the predictor from 6 to 16 reduces the energy drift by an order of magnitude. Alternatively, for a given level of energy drift, the induced dipoles can be obtained ∼20% faster due to the reduced number of self-consistent field iterations required to maintain energetic stability. The extended-history predictor is straightforward to implement and involves minimal computational overhead.
Direct simulation Monte Carlo simulation of thermal fluctuations in gases
Authors: Bruno Domenico
Published: April 2019

Work done by the authors on the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulation of thermal fluctuation in gases is summarized here. The calculation of the gas transport properties via the Green-Kubo formulas is discussed. Results from classical trajectory DSMC simulations of molecular oxygen show how the approach can be used to validate a particular interaction model (a Potential Energy Surface in this case). Direct experimental validation of the dynamics of spontaneous density fluctuations is also possible due to its connection to the spectrum measured in Rayleigh-Brillouin light scattering experiments (RBS). A number of examples of the DSMC simulation of RBS spectra for atomic gases and their mixtures, and for a molecular gas (oxygen) are discussed. Finally, an extension of the method is discussed that allows discussion of small density-dependent nonideality effects in the RBS spectra of SF6.
Magnetic field driven critical behavior in bulk Gd
Authors: Dang N. T. , Kozlenko D. P. , Petrov Dimitar N. , Ćwik J. , Kim G. , Shon W. H. , Rhyee J. S. , Yu S. C. , Long Phan The
Published: April 2019

Gadolinium (Gd) has been proven to be such a complex magnetic system that its static universality class varies as a function of the reduced temperature (|ɛ| = |T−TC|/TC). Though many works have been done, physical mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we analyzed the static magnetization data, M(H), around the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition temperature (TC) based on Banerjee's criteria, the modified Arrott plot and Kouvel–Fisher techniques, the critical isotherm analysis, and the scaling hypothesis to reconsider the phase transition, magnetic order, and isotropic and uniaxial behaviors of a polycrystalline Gd bulk. The M(H) data analyses with H variations up to 140 kOe indicated that Gd still keeps the nature of a second-order phase transition and short-range magnetic order. In the critical region of |ɛ| = 3.4 × 10−3–6.9 × 10−2, we observed the critical-behavior transition from a mixed isotropic and uniaxial ferromagnet for H = 3–10 kOe through an isotropic 3D Heisenberg ferromagnet for H = 10–100 kOe to a uniaxial 3D Ising ferromagnet for H = 100–140 kOe. The results demonstrate the possibility of using high fields to identify the universality class of Gd. The fluctuations and preferred reorientation of spins in the hexagonal close-packed lattice at temperatures T > 230 K are thought to cause these interesting phenomena.
Measurements of the superconducting anisotropy in FeSe with a resonance frequency technique
Authors: Cao R. X. , Dong Jun , Wang Q. L. , Yang Y. J. , Zhao C. , Zeng X. H. , Chareev D. A. , Vasiliev A. N. , Wu Bing , Wu Guoqing
Published: April 2019

Utilizing a novel method with the resonance frequency of a LC circuit, we measured the superconducting anisotropy of single crystals of an Fe-based superconductor FeSe with applied magnetic field up to 16 T. We found that the temperature dependence of the upper critical field Hc2(T) of FeSe coincides with the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg (WHH) model when taking the Maki parameter α into consideration, suggesting an important role played by spin-paramagnetic effect in suppressing the superconductivity. When temperature T → 0, the values of Hc2,∥c(0) and Hc2,∥ab(0) derived from the WHH fitting are close to and fall within the range of the Pauli limit, for field H0 applied parallel to the c-axis and to the ab-plane, respectively. As compared with other typical iron-based high-Tc superconductors, lower values of Hc2(0) and higher superconducting anisotropy Γ(0) were observed in FeSe.
Investigation of Mo films deposited on high temperature polyimide substrate by magnetron sputtering for flexible CIGS thin film solar cells application
Authors: Ma Pengchang , Li Weimin , Yi Chenghan , Dai Chuntao , Luo Hailin , Yang Chunlei
Published: April 2019

CuIn(1-x)GaxSe2 (CIGS) is one of the most promising thin film photovoltaic technologies for commercial application. Flexible Polyimide (PI) substrate based CIGS solar cells have lots of advantages such as lightness, flexibility, shatter resistance, and so on. However, due to the low glass transition temperature of the commercial PI substrate, the performances of flexible CIGS solar cell and module are much lower than that of CIGS solar cell and module on rigid glass substrate. In this study, we report a two-step process for preparation of PI with high decomposition temperature (Td) and 5% weight loss temperature (Td,5) of 551 and 596 °C, respectively. In addition, Mo films were deposited on the high temperature PI substrate by magnetron sputtering. The effect of deposition pressure on the growth rate, resistivity, microstructure, and surface morphologies of the magnetron sputtering deposited Mo film were investigated. We have shown the Mo coated high temperature PI films has the potential for substrate application in high efficiency flexible CIGS solar cell fabrication.
Analysis of graphic codes for colour representation
Authors: Iamaguti Mariana , Gadotti Marcella , Henriques Fernanda , Trigueiros Paula
Published: April 2019

This article is the result of initial tests and studies about two systems for chromatic representation. It introduces and
discusses the use and importance of two graphic codes created in Portugal as well as their graphic application on information and
communication systems in an inclusive manner for individuals with different chromatic perceptions and needs. Designed mainly for people with
colour blindness and visual impairment, ColorADD and Feelipa Color Code are alternatives for colour representation via graphic and tactile
mediums. From pilot tests, the application, usage and impact of these systems on society and education have been investigated via field
research and interviews with their creators, developers and users.
Printability of 316 stainless steel
Authors: Mukherjee T. , DebRoy T.
Published: April 2019

A printability database can help in the selection of a printing process-alloy combination to reduce, and in some cases avoid, common defects in printed parts. The extensive testing of parts is not a viable option for determining printability because printing processes are inherently slow and expensive. Here we evaluate printability of stainless steel 316 by evaluating its susceptibilities to residual stresses, distortion, composition change and lack of fusion defects for laser (DED-L) and arc (DED-GMA) based directed energy deposition and laser powder bed fusion (PBF-L) processes using well-tested mechanistic models. Among these three processes, DED-GMA makes printed parts of 316 stainless steels most susceptible to residual stresses and distortion. High depth of penetration during DED-GMA makes components least susceptible to lack of fusion defects. Loss of volatile alloying elements from the tiny pools in PBF-L makes deposits the most vulnerable to composition change.
Nodal area distribution for arithmetic random waves
Authors: Cammarota Valentina
Published: April 2019

We obtain the limiting distribution of the nodal area of random Gaussian Laplace eigenfunctions on

T

3

=

R

3

/

Z

3

\mathbb {T}^3= \mathbb {R}^3/ \mathbb {Z}^3

(three-dimensional “arithmetic random waves"). We prove that, as the multiplicity of the eigenspace goes to infinity, the nodal area converges to a universal, non-Gaussian distribution. Universality follows from the equidistribution of lattice points on the sphere. Our arguments rely on the Wiener chaos expansion of the nodal area: we show that, analogous to the two-dimensional case addressed by Marinucci et al., [Geom. Funct. Anal. 26 (2016), pp. 926–960] the fluctuations are dominated by the fourth-order chaotic component. The proof builds upon recent results from Benatar and Maffiucci [Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN (to appear)] that establish an upper bound for the number of nondegenerate correlations of lattice points on the sphere. We finally discuss higher-dimensional extensions of our result.
Feeling for Freedom: K. C. Bhattacharyya on Rasa
Authors: Lopes Dominic McIver
Published: April 2019

Aesthetic hedonists agree that an aesthetic value is a property of an item that stands in some constitutive relation to pleasure. Surprisingly, however, aesthetic hedonists need not reduce aesthetic normativity to hedonic normativity. They might demarcate aesthetic value as a species of hedonic value, but deny that the reason we have to appreciate an item is simply that it pleases. Such is the approach taken by an important strand of South Asian rasa theory that is represented with great clarity and ingenuity in the work of K. C. Bhattacharyya. Bhattacharyya is an aesthetic hedonist who grounds aesthetic normativity in freedom.
Inappropriate Empirical Antibiotic Treatment in High-risk Neutropenic Patients With Bacteremia in the Era of Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Martinez-Nadal Gemma , Puerta-Alcalde Pedro , Gudiol Carlota , Cardozo Celia , Albasanz-Puig Adaia , Marco Francesc , Laporte-Amargós Júlia , Moreno-García Estela , Domingo-Doménech Eva , Chumbita Mariana , Martínez José Antonio , Soriano Alex , Carratalà Jordi , Garcia-Vidal Carolina
Published: April 2019

Background

We aimed to describe the current rates of inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment (IEAT) in oncohematological patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) and its impact on mortality.

Methods

This was a multicenter prospective study of all episodes of bloodstream infection (BSI) in high-risk FN patients (2006–2017). Episodes receiving IEAT were compared with episodes receiving appropriate empirical therapy. Adherence to Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommendations was evaluated. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for mortality in Pseudomonas aeruginosa episodes.

Results

Of 1615 episodes, including Escherichia coli (24%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (21%), and P. aeruginosa (16%), 394 (24%) received IEAT despite IDSA recommendations being followed in 87% of cases. Patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB), accounting for 221 (14%) of all isolates, were more likely to receive IEAT (39% vs 7%, P < .001). Overall mortality was higher in patients with GNB BSI who received IEAT (36% vs 24%, P = .004); when considering individual microorganisms, only patients with infection caused by P. aeruginosa experienced a significant increase in mortality when receiving IEAT (48% vs 31%, P = .027). Independent risk factors for mortality in PA BSI (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] were IEAT (2.41 [1.19–4.91]), shock at onset (4.62 [2.49–8.56]), and pneumonia (3.01 [1.55–5.83]).

Conclusions

IEAT is frequent in high-risk patients with FN and BSI, despite high adherence to guidelines. This inappropriate treatment primarily impacts patients with P. aeruginosa–related BSI mortality and in turn is the only modifiable factor to improve outcomes.
Prognosis and long-term outcomes of acute kidney injury due to snake envenomation
Authors: Priyamvada P S , Jaswanth Challa , Zachariah Bobby , Haridasan Satish , Parameswaran Sreejith , Swaminathan Rathinam Palamalai
Published: April 2019

Background

Snakebite is a common occupational hazard in tropical countries. To date, the literature on snakebite-related acute kidney injury (AKI) has been limited by retrospective study designs, lack of uniformity in case definitions of AKI and limited follow-up. This study aims to identify the in-hospital outcomes and long-term changes in kidney function that follow haemotoxic envenomation.

Methods

All adult patients admitted with AKI following haemotoxic envenomation from January 2016 to June 2017 were recruited and followed up until July 2018. Predictors of in-hospital mortality was assessed. Long-term follow-up data on kidney function were collected from survivors.

Results

In total, 184 patients with haemotoxic envenomation and AKI were recruited. The mean age of the subjects was 42.2 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 40.3–44.7]. The majority were male (71.2%). The mortality of patients with haemotoxic envenomation was 21.5%. The mortality was considerably higher in patients with Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Stage 3 AKI [relative risk (RR) 4.45 (95% CI 1.14–17.42)] and those who met KDIGO urine output criteria [RR 20.45 (95% CI 2.84–147.23)]. A Cox regression model identified mechanical ventilation [odds ratio (OR) 5.59 (95% CI 2.90–10.81)], hypotension [OR 2.48 (95% CI 1.31–4.72)] and capillary leak syndrome [OR 2.02 (95% CI 1.05–3.88)] as independent predictors of mortality. Long-term follow-up data were available for 73 patients. A total of 21 patients (28.7%) developed adverse renal outcomes (glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, urine albumin excretion >30 mg/g and new-onset hypertension or prehypertension).

Conclusions

AKI resulting from snake envenomation is associated with considerable risk of mortality. The greater the AKI stage the greater the likelihood of mortality. One-third of patients with AKI developed long-term complications like chronic kidney disease, prehypertension and hypertension over the follow-up period.
Boat-towed radio-magnetotelluric and controlled source audio-magnetotelluric study to resolve fracture zones at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory site, Sweden
Authors: Wang Shunguo , Bastani Mehrdad , Constable Steven , Kalscheuer Thomas , Malehmir Alireza
Published: April 2019

Boat-towed radio-magnetotelluric (RMT) measurements using signals between 14 and 250 kHz have attracted increasing attention in the near-surface applications for shallow water and archipelago areas. A few large-scale underground infrastructure projects, such as the Stockholm bypass in Sweden, are planned to pass underneath such water zones. However, in cases with high water salinity, RMT signals have a penetration depth of a few metres and do not reach the geological structures of interest in the underlying sediments and bedrock. To overcome this problem, controlled source signals at lower frequencies of 1.25 to 12.5 kHz can be utilized to improve the penetration depth and to enhance the resolution for modelling deeper underwater structures. Joint utilization of boat-towed RMT and controlled source audio-magnetotellurics (CSAMT) was tested for the first time at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) site in south-eastern Sweden to demonstrate acquisition efficiency and improved resolution to model fracture zones along a 600-m long profile. Pronounced galvanic distortion effects observed in 1-D inversion models of the CSAMT data as well as the predominantly 2-D geological structures at this site motivated usage of 2-D inversion. Two standard academic inversion codes, EMILIA and MARE2DEM, were used to invert the RMT and CSAMT data. EMILIA, an object-oriented Gauss–Newton inversion code with modules for 2-D finite difference and 1-D semi-analytical solutions, was used to invert the RMT and CSAMT data separately and jointly under the plane-wave approximation for 2-D models. MARE2DEM, a Gauss–Newton inversion code for controlled source electromagnetic 2.5-D finite element solution, was modified to allow for inversions of RMT and CSAMT data accounting for source effects. Results of EMILIA and MARE2DEM reveal the previously known fracture zones in the models. The 2-D joint inversions of RMT and CSAMT data carried out with EMILIA and MARE2DEM show clear improvement compared with 2-D single inversions, especially in imaging uncertain fracture zones analysed in a previous study. Our results show that boat-towed RMT and CSAMT data acquisition systems can be utilized for detailed 2-D or 3-D surveys to characterize near-surface structures underneath shallow water areas. Potential future applications may include geo-engineering, geohazard investigations and mineral exploration.
Localized Control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Miami, FL, via Inundative Releases of Wolbachia-Infected Male Mosquitoes
Authors: Mains James W , Kelly Patrick H , Dobson Karen L , Petrie William D , Dobson Stephen L
Published: April 2019

As part of the response to autochthonous Zika transmission in the United States, the City of South Miami implemented a 6-mo period in which Wolbachia-infected WB1 Aedes aegypti (L.) males were released into an ~170-acre area. Intracellular Wolbachia bacteria infections in Ae. aegypti cause early embryonic arrest (known as cytoplasmic incompatibility [CI]) and egg hatch failure, and inundative introductions have been suggested as a potential control tool. Throughout the release period, the Ae. aegypti population was monitored within both the release area and an equivalent area that did not receive WB1 male releases. The results show a significant reduction in egg hatch at the area receiving WB1 males, which is consistent with expectations for CI. Similarly, the number of Ae. aegypti was significantly reduced at the area receiving WB1 males, relative to the untreated area. The observed population reduction and results encourage additional work and replication of the Wolbachia biopesticide approach against Ae. aegypti, as an additional tool to be integrated with existing control tools for the control of this medically important vector and nuisance pest.
Enterococcus hirae Bacteremia in an Infant: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Brayer Samuel , Linn Alexandra , Holt Stephanie , Ellery Kate , Mitchell Stephanie , Williams John
Published: April 2019

Enterococcus hirae is a gram-positive coccus that is rarely implicated in human disease and has not been reported in pediatric patients. We report a case of catheter-associated bloodstream infection and prolonged bacteremia in a 7-month-old infant dependent on total parenteral nutrition. The species was identified by the VITEK2 system and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The organisms was susceptible to ampicillin, vancomycin, and high-level gentamicin. The patient was treated with vancomycin and gentamicin with adjunctive vancomycin lock therapy but had persistent bacteremia. Therapy was changed to dual β-lactam therapy of ampicillin and ceftriaxone with synergistic gentamicin, which led to clearance of the enterococcal bacteremia. E hirae is an unusual species that may be difficult for the microbiology laboratory to identify. This is the first pediatric case and the second case of invasive E hirae in the United States.
SN 2016B a.k.a. ASASSN-16ab: a transitional Type II supernova
Authors: Dastidar Raya , Misra Kuntal , Singh Mridweeka , Sahu D K , Pastorello A , Gangopadhyay Anjasha , Tomasella L , Benetti S , Terreran G , Sanwal Pankaj , Kumar Brijesh , Singh Avinash , Kumar Brajesh , Anupama G C , Pandey S B
Published: April 2019

We present photometry, polarimetry, and spectroscopy of the Type II supernova ASASSN-16ab/SN 2016B in PGC 037392. The photometric and spectroscopic follow-up commenced about 2 weeks after shock breakout and continued until nearly 6 months. The light curve of SN 2016B exhibits intermediate properties between those of Type IIP and IIL. The early decline is steep (1.68 ± 0.10 mag 100 d−1), followed by a shallower plateau phase (0.47 ± 0.24 mag 100 d−1). The optically thick phase lasts for 118 d, similar to Type IIP. The 56Ni mass estimated from the radioactive tail of the bolometric light curve is 0.082 ± 0.019 M⊙. High-velocity component contributing to the absorption trough of H α and H β in the photospheric spectra are identified from the spectral modelling from about 57–97 d after the outburst, suggesting a possible SN ejecta and circumstellar material interaction. Such high-velocity features are common in the spectra of Type IIL supernovae. By modelling the true bolometric light curve of SN 2016B, we estimated a total ejected mass of ∼15 M⊙, kinetic energy of ∼1.4 foe, and an initial radius of ∼400 R⊙.