bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NICKEL RESIDUES IN APPLE FRUIT AND FOLIAGE FOLLOWING A FOLIAR SPRAY OF NICKEL CHLORIDE
Authors: Stewart D. K. K. , Ross R. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
CONTROL OF SELENOPHOMA LEAF SPOT IN CLONES OF BROMUS INERMIS BY BURNING CROP DEBRIS
Authors: Smith J. Drew
Published: March 2010

not available
GROWTH, METABOLIC COMPONENTS AND DROUGHT SURVIVAL OF LODGEPOLE PINE SEEDLINGS AT THREE NITRATE LEVELS
Authors: Etter Harold M.
Published: March 2010

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia) seedlings were grown for six weeks in a controlled environment using nutrient solutions containing 0.4, 4.0 or 8.0 meq/liter nitrate-N. Increased nitrate supply resulted in plants with smaller root/leaf weight ratios and higher moisture contents in the leaves. Increased nitrate also brought about decreases in the soluble carbohydrate and starch contents of the leaves and roots; these changes were associated with higher amino-N and insoluble protein contents, especially in the leaves, but lower soluble protein contents. The results support the hypothesis that increasing the nitrate supply altered the metabolism of the seedlings by increasing the competition for reductant in the plants.Drought survival was assessed by the extent of new root growth following a period of drought and recovery. Seedlings grown at the highest nitrate level had the lowest survival when the three treatments were held without watering for a two-week period. However, nitrate level altered drought survival less if the three treatments were stressed to the same final moisture content in the growth medium.
EFFECT OF DIRECTION OF SEEDING ON YIELDS OF BARLEY AND OATS
Authors: Austenson H. M. , Larter E. N.
Published: March 2010

North-south row directions were compared with east-west, using two varieties of barley and two of oats. In one experiment continued over 3 years, the grain was sown with nursery plot equipment in rows 30 cm apart. North-south rows outyielded east-west by 9% in barley and by 4% in oats.Two additional experiments involving row widths of 15 and 30 cm were sown with a grain drill. Row direction did not consistently affect the yield of barley in either spacing, but there was a tendency for yields to be higher in 15-cm than in 30-cm spacings. North-south rows outyielded east-west rows in oats, but differences were significant only in the 30-cm spacing. Row spacing did not affect yield of oats.
SURFACE BROWNING OF CARROTS
Authors: Chubey B. B. , Nylund R. E.
Published: March 2010

It was established that oxidative browning was confined to the carrot root surface tissue. Phenolic content was determined in carrot tissue at various depths. The phenolic content was highest in tissue nearest the root surface, and phenol content at various depths paralleled the observed potential browning.Paper chromatographic separation of carrot tissue extracts showed complicated patterns of phenolics and blue-fluorescent compounds. Twelve compounds were separated, four of which discolored when treated with tyrosinase. The compound corresponding to chlorogenic acid was the primary oxidative browning substrate, and that corresponding to L-tyrosine was of secondary prominence.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND CLIPPING FREQUENCY ON THE DRY MATTER YIELD AND PERSISTENCY OF INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS
Authors: Lawrence T. , Ashford R.
Published: March 2010

The effects of six rates of N fertilizer and five frequencies of clipping on the dry matter yield and persistency of irrigated intermediate wheatgrass, Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beauv., were studied during 1961–62 at one site, and 1963–65 at a second site.The dry matter yield increased with increasing rates of N fertilizer, and with longer intervals between clippings. Highest yields were obtained with the 375-kg/ha rate of N fertilizer and the 8-week clipping interval.Fertilizer level did not have a significant effect on either the basal ground cover of grass or the degree of winter injury suffered by intermediate wheat-grass. However, clipping frequency was closely related to both of these factors.Application of a regression analysis to the study of significant interactions among management factors proved to be a very useful statistical approach.
IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANCE GENES IN BARLEY BY REACTIONS TO USTILAGO NUDA
Authors: Moseman J. G. , Metcalfe D. R.
Published: March 2010

The reactions of 18 cultivars and selections of barley, Hordeum vulgare L., to inoculations with three cultures of the loose smut fungus, Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr., were determined. The following conclusions were derived by analyzing the reactions of cultivars Jet (CI 967) and Milton (CI 4966) and derivatives from them to inoculations with cultures 244 of race 2, 49-70 of race 2, and 10 of race 1. Jet was shown to have two genes, Un3 and Un6, and Milton, one gene, Un8. Derivatives from Jet with only gene Un6 were distinguished from those with genes Un3 and Un6. Five host selections known to have a gene or genes at the same locus as Jet were shown to have gene Un6 or a similar gene at that locus.
COMPARISON OF SEEDLING GROWTH OF ROUGH FESCUE AND TALL FESCUE
Authors: Wilson D. B. , Johnston A.
Published: March 2010

Seedlings of a native grass, rough fescue, Festuca scabrella Torr., and of a tame grass, tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., were grown in the greenhouse for 10 weeks. Each week 20 plants of each species were destructively harvested for growth analysis. Leaf and tiller numbers and leaf lengths were recorded for an additional 10 plants of each species. Mean net assimilation rates of rough fescue were similar to those of tall fescue, but leaf area ratios were significantly lower. Thus, mean relative growth rates of rough fescue were less than those of tall fescue. Tiller numbers were similar for both species but rough fescue produced fewer leaves. Dry weight of tops of the tame grass produced during the 10-week period was about 17 times that produced by the native grass.
SEEDLING YEAR MANAGEMENT OF ALFALFA-GRASS MIXTURES ESTABLISHED WITHOUT A COMPANION CROP
Authors: Hume D. J. , Fulkerson R. S. , Tossell W. E.
Published: March 2010

Alfalfa–grass mixtures established without a companion crop yielded as much as 6900 kg/ha during the seedling year. Two harvests produced higher dry matter yields than three harvests in all mixtures. Mixtures containing DuPuits alfalfa outyielded those containing Vernal. Grass species, which included bromegrass, orchardgrass or timothy, had very little effect on yields. Brome-grass consistently produced lowest alfalfa–grass ratios in the forage. Harvesting at low stubble heights resulted in highest seedling-year yields and a large percentage of alfalfa in the first-cut forage one year after establishment. Alfalfa–bromegrass mixtures yielded more than other mixtures in the year after establishment. Cutting frequency during the year of seeding had little effect on total yield the following year. Establishing alfalfa–grass mixtures using herbicides appeared to be a feasible alternative to establishment under a cereal grain companion crop.
IMPORTANCE OF TIME AND CONCENTRATION OF ANNUAL APPLICATIONS OF SUCCINIC ACID 2,2-DIMETHYL HYDRAZIDE (ALAR) TO POME FRUITS: I. McINTOSH AND SPARTAN APPLES
Authors: Looney Norman E.
Published: March 2010

Alar was applied to McIntosh apple trees at 500, 1000, or 2000 ppm in 1966 and 1967 at one of seven different times during each growing season. Spartan apples were treated only in 1967. Treatments applied at 1 and 2 weeks after full bloom gave maximum growth suppression of shoots and fruit, respectively. Fruit firmness was increased with all treatments but the maximum response followed the treatment applied 2 weeks after bloom. A significant increase in the 1967 bloom of McIntosh resulted from an application of Alar prior to full bloom in 1966, but all later treatment times were ineffective in increasing return bloom on this cultivar.
IMPROVEMENT OF WINTER SURVIVAL OF SPRING-SEEDED WINTER RYE AND WINTER WHEAT BY MOWING IN SUMMER OR FALL
Authors: Rahman Anisur , Corns William G.
Published: March 2010

not available
SUMMERTREAT SWEET CORN
Authors: Nuttall V. W. , Lyall L. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
DELHI 34, A NEW VARIETY OF BRIGHT TOBACCO TOLERANT TO BLACK ROOT ROT
Authors: White Frank H. , Povilaitis Bronius
Published: March 2010

not available
COMPARISON OF SEVERAL DIFFERENT ATMOMETER ASSEMBLIES
Authors: Carder A. C.
Published: March 2010

Five different Bellani-type atmometers were field rested in pairs. Each design satisfied the ten basic requirements for a practical atmometer, but failed to satisfy all of ten secondary requisites of a technical nature. However, the carborundum block atmometer met all except one, namely that readings from it must be adjusted because u uses an alcohol-water mixture which does not give a true measure of the evaporation of water. The advantages of the carborundum block are: it is easy to prime and fill, it is free of most of the operational defects that beset other designs, it can withstand temperatures down to −12 °C, different instruments are highly consistent in performance, and the evaporating heads do not need calibrating.
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATES FROM ATMOMETERS AND PANS
Authors: Pelton W. L. , Korven H. C.
Published: March 2010

Evaporation measurements from the U.S.W.B. Class A evaporation pan, the Experimental Farms buried tank, the black Bellani plate atmometer, and the black porous disc atmometer were used to estimate evapotranspiration from a field of irrigated alfalfa at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. These estimates were compared with evapotranspiration from a lysimeter over 53 days during the 1967 growing season.The Class A pan and the two atmometers can be used to predict evapotranspiration by alfalfa to an accuracy of about 1.5 mm/day on a daily basis. The accuracy of all four instruments improves over longer periods. Because the buried tank has only limited distribution and because the atmometers are sensitive to frost damage, the Class A pan is recommended for general use in this semiarid region.
PICLORAM RESIDUES AND CROP PRODUCTION
Authors: Born W. H. Vanden
Published: March 2010

not available
REACTION OF SOME OAT VARIETIES TO ASTER YELLOWS
Authors: Westdal P. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
REDUCED CHILLING REQUIREMENT OF McFARLIN CRANBERRY BUDS
Authors: Eady F. , Eaton G. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
A SPACED-PLANT SEEDER FOR CEREAL PLOTS
Authors: Hergert G. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
MECHANICAL SEPARATION OF LEAVES AND STEMS OF FORAGE PLANTS
Authors: Troelsen J. E. , Hanel Donna J.
Published: March 2010

not available
ANALYSIS OF THE GROWTH OF SOYBEANS AS AFFECTED BY PLANT POPULATION AND FERTILIZER
Authors: Buttery B. R.
Published: March 2010

Net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and relative leaf growth rate (RLGR) of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] declined throughout the season; much of this decline and most effects of plant population on growth could be attributed to a rise in leaf area index (LAI). Increase in LAI from 0.3 to 1.0 was associated with a marked decrease in NAR. Crop growth rate (CGR) increased for the first 50 to 60 days, falling sharply thereafter. There was no optimum value of LAI.Fertilizer increased final plant weight mainly by delaying the fall in NAR and CGR. LAI was increased slightly by fertilizer application, presumably because of a higher RLGR between 50 and 70 days.The classical and regression techniques of growth analysis gave similar results, but the lower standard errors obtained with the latter revealed additional treatment effects. In some circumstances, smoothed curves used to describe growth might conceal growth fluctuations due to environmental stress.
FROST PROTECTION OF CROPS BY SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
Authors: Gubbels G. H.
Published: March 2010

The effectiveness of sprinkler irrigation in the Yukon Territory as a means of frost protection on peas (Pisum sativum L.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and excised bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and the effect of rate of applying water were investigated. Bean plants were protected from serious injury when plant temperature was maintained above −0.8 °C. Potato foliage and peas were not injured seriously when maintained above −1.1 °C. To maintain plant temperatures above −1.1 °C required 0.9 mm/hr of water when air temperature was down to −2.8 °C, 1.2 mm/hr down to −3.3 °C, 1.6 mm/hr down to −4.4 °C, 2.2 mm/hr down to −5.5 °C, and 2.9 mm/hr down to −7.2 °C. Excised, greenhouse-grown bean plants served as a useful indicator of frost injury.
EFFECTS OF REDUCING INTERPLANT COMPETITION AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH ON STALK ROT AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF CORN
Authors: Mortimore C. G. , Gates L. F.
Published: March 2010

Stress effects on stalk rot and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.), arising from interplant competition, were, studied by removing at various times either the competing plants or the developing ears. The number of ears per plant and the number of kernels per ear at harvest were greater when plants were thinned before mid-silk, but the only yield component associated with stalk rot was 1000-kernel weight.Removal of alternate plants at any time up to 4 weeks after mid-silk greatly reduced the proportion of plants developing stalk rot. In plots thinned less than 4 weeks before physiological maturity, the incidence of stalk rot increased progressively as thinning was delayed. Similarly, up to 1 month before physiological maturity, stress had little effect on weight of individual kernels but when the stress was continued into the month which preceded physiological maturity, individual kernel weights were substantially decreased. Ear removal 3 weeks or more before maturity practically eliminated stalk rot whereas later removal had progressively less effect. Thus, the deleterious effects of stress from interplant competition and ear development had their maximum effect on stalk rot susceptibility and kernel weight during the month before physiological maturity.
AGRONOMIC AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME WHITE- AND BROWN-GLUMED SPRING WHEAT POPULATIONS
Authors: McNeal F. H. , Berg M. A. , Baldridge D. E.
Published: March 2010

White- and brown-glumed populations of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., derived by compositing seed from F2 plants and F3 lines, were evaluated at two locations for grain quality, grain yield, and other plant variables. The similarity of data from the two populations suggests that the gene, or genes, governing brown glume has little, if any, influence on most of the agronomic and quality characteristics of spring wheat, although small differences were observed in plant height at Bozeman, in spikelets per head at Huntley, and in farinograph stability at Bozeman.
COMPARISON OF TANDEM AND INDEX SELECTION IN THE MODIFIED PEDIGREE METHOD OF BREEDING SELF-POLLINATED SPECIES
Authors: Pesek J. , Baker R. J.
Published: March 2010

Two-stage tandem selection and index selection were simulated for the modified pedigree method of breeding self-pollinated crops. We assumed that two traits were negatively correlated due to repulsion linkages, and considered correlations ranging from 0.00 to −0.95 corresponding to linkage intensities of 0.50 to 0.05. Each trait was controlled by five different loci with equal genetic effects. Three levels of environmental variability were assumed. Economic values were set at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 for one trait and 1.0 for the other.Index selection was superior to tandem selection for all combinations of parameters simulated. The efficiency of tandem selection was increased substantially by selecting the most valuable trait first. The efficiency of index selection can be increased by more frequent estimation of selection index coefficients.We did not consider positively correlated traits.
ETHYLENE PRODUCTION AS AN INDEX OF MATURITY FOR APPLE FRUITS
Authors: Smith R. B. , Lougheed E. C. , Franklin E. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
COMPARISON OF RADIO TELEMETRY WITH ANOTHER ELECTRIC METHOD FOR TESTING WINTER INJURY OF OUTDOOR PLANTS
Authors: WILNER J. , BRACH E. J.
Published: March 2010

This study has shown that the telemetric system can be used to test the winterhardiness of woody plants and that the results are correlated with those obtained by the resistivity method where the Wheatstone bridge is used. Telemetry, however, is capable of continuous monitoring of large numbers of electric measurements in a digital form suitable for subsequent computer analysis. Thus, in addition to being a great labor saving device, telemetry also indicates new possibilities for large scale testing of unknown factors affecting the winter injury of outdoor plants.
NATURE OF PROTEINS IN TRITICALE AND ITS PARENTAL SPECIES: I. SOLUBILITY CHARACTERISTICS AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF ENDOSPERM PROTEINS
Authors: CHEN C. H. , BUSHUK W.
Published: March 2010

Solubility characteristics and amino acid composition of the endosperm proteins of one line of Triticale, its durum wheat and rye parent cultivars, and one cultivar of hard red spring wheat were compared. Quantitative distribution of the soluble protein fractions and amino acid compositions showed that the proteins of Triticale are intermediate in these properties between analogous properties of the proteins of its durum wheat and rye parents. The major differences between the hard red spring wheat and the other three species were its lower content of water-soluble proteins and higher content of insoluble or gluten proteins. This appears lo be the main reason for the superior breadmaking quality of the hard red spring wheat cultivar compared with the other species used in this study.
NATURE OF PROTEINS INTRITICALEAND ITS PARENTAL SPECIES: II. GEL FILTRATION AND DISC ELECTROPHORESIS RESULTS
Authors: CHEN C. H. , BUSHUK W.
Published: March 2010

The compositions and identity of protein components in the water, salt solution, 70% ethanol, and acetic acid solution extracts of the endosperm from one line of Triticale, its parents, and one cultivar of hard red spring wheat were investigated by gel filtration and disc electrophoresis. Albumins, globulins, and gliadins, as defined by their solubility, molecular weight, and electrophoretic mobility, were obtained by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-150. Approximate molecular weights determined from elution volumes were 1 × 104to 3 × 1045 × 104to 9 × 104, and above 1.5 × 105for albumins and globulins, gliadins and glutenins, respectively. Each gel-filtration fraction contained several protein components as determined by disc electrophoresis. Quantitative distribution of fractions varied with species. For each fraction the amount for Triticale was intermediate between the amounts for the parental species. The gel-filtration spectrum for Triticale was similar to that for the hard red spring wheat. However, disc electrophoretic patterns for fractions obtained by gel filtration for the two species were quite different.
THE COMBINING AND DRYING OF HIGH MOISTURE SPRING WHEAT
Authors: DODDS M. E. , WARDER F. G.
Published: March 2010

The harvest practice of combining spring wheat at a kernel-moisture content of 35% followed by drying with heated air did not adversely affect 1000-kernel weight or crude protein content. Germination and the assimilation of total phosphorus in the kernel were suppressed by this harvesting method when the kernel-moisture was more than 20%.
GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION VARIANCES IN YIELD TRIALS OF FALL RYE
Authors: KALTSIKES P. J.
Published: March 2010

Estimates of genotype by environment interaction variances were obtained from the western Canada Co-operative fall rye tests grown in 1963–1967. All first-order interactions and the second-order interactions were significantly greater than zero at the 0.05 level of probability. Although the estimate of cultivar by year interaction variance was relatively small, it accounted for 40% of the variance of a cultivar mean when only three years of testing were considered. However, testing in 20 locations for three years with four replicates could detect yield differences of approximately 10% of the mean of the highest yielding cultivar. If further reduction of the yield difference detectable is desired, more locations should be included in the test.
EFFECT OF HETEROZYGOSITY ON PHENOTYPIC STABILITY IN SPRING BARLEY
Authors: SMITH GARRY A. , FOOTE WILSON H.
Published: March 2010

The effect of heterozygosity on the phenotypic stabilities of tiller number, plant height, kernels per spike, kernel weight, grain yield, and awn length was studied in hybrid crosses of six-row barley Hordeurn vulgare L. emend Lam., and two-row barley Hordeum distichum L. emend Lam. Experimental material consisting of parents and their F1diallel progeny were grown at two field locations and one greenhouse location in Oregon. Coefficients of variation were used to measure phenotypic stability within and across the three locations.Some evidence was obtained which indicated that heterozygosity reduced phenotypic stability of particular characters at some locations. Although individual characters were affected within particular locations, heterozygosity per se did not influence average phenotypic stability when the results from three diverse environments were combined.Association studies indicated that the phenotypic stability of kernel weight, plant height, kernels per spike and awn length were associated, which may suggest a common control mechanism in the phenotypic stability of these characters.
EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT UPON THE GERMINATION OF WHEAT
Authors: Watson E. L.
Published: March 2010

Grain of known moisture content was exposed m sealed pouches to constant temperatures between 60 and 99 C (140–210 F). The heating periods varied from 15 min to 10 hours. The loss of viability of wheat, resulting from these heat treatments, was found to occur at two rates. During the early stages of heating particularly at temperatures below 65 C (150 F), the rate of loss of viability was quite small. After a period of heating, the rate of loss of viability increased markedly. The length of the heating period required to initiate this rapid loss of viability varied with the moisture content of the grain and with the temperature to which the grain was exposed. Moist grain was much more susceptible to thermal damage than was dry grain.There did not appear to be a specific "killing temperature", or "threshold temperature" above which the seed was damaged. Damage to viability resulted from the cumulative effect of time and temperature, and there was a semi-logarithmic relationship between time and temperature for a given amount of loss of viability. It appears that there may be two kinetic mechanisms involved.
OBSERVATIONS ON DANTHONIA PARRYI
Authors: Johnston A. , Dormaar J. F.
Published: March 2010

not available
HERCULES, A NEW DURUM WHEAT
Authors: Leisle D.
Published: March 2010

not available
A POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF DISPERSAL OF SEPTORIA SPORES
Authors: SACKSTON W. E.
Published: March 2010

Spores of Septoria linicola, the pathogen of pasmo of flax, exude from pycnidia in slimy masses not adapted for dispersal by wind. Conidia were produced directly from the mycelium in culture, and secondary conidia were produced by germinating spores. Such spores might be dispersed by wind much more readily than pycnidiospores, and might account for rapid spread of pasmo observed in fields of maturing flax.
INFLUENCE OF CERTAIN SOIL FUNGI ON ALFALFA
Authors: AUBE CLAUDE , GAGNON CAMILIEN
Published: March 2010

Under the conditions of the present work with fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of diseased alfalfa roots, Gliocladium roseum (Link) Bainier and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fries were pathogenic to alfalfa seedlings. They stimulated the pathogenicity of Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hans.) Gorenz, J. C. Walker and Larson and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn as measured by the dry weight of roots. Both T. viride and G. roseum significantly lowered the nitrogen content in shoots when inoculated alone, but the reverse was observed in the roots.
USE OF SUCCINIC ACID 2,2-DIMETHYL HYDRAZIDE (ALAR) TO REDUCE WINTER INJURY IN STRAWBERRIES
Authors: Freeman Jack A. , Carne I. C.
Published: March 2010

not available
PREMATURE GERMINATION IN CEREAL GRAINS
Authors: Gordon Andrew G.
Published: March 2010

not available
SHOOT APEX DEVELOPMENT IN PISUM SATIVUM L. AS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE
Authors: Ormrod D. P. , Maurer A. R. , Mitchell G. , Eaton G. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
KELSEY ROSYBLOOM CRABAPPLE
Authors: Cumming W. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
BROCK BARLEY
Authors: Reinbergs E. , Loiselle R.
Published: March 2010

not available
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF A SUNFLOWER HEAD ROT IN ISRAEL CAUSED BY RHIZOPUS ARRHIZUS
Authors: ARNAN M. , PINTHUS M. J. , KENNETH R. G.
Published: March 2010

Injury of the heads was found to be necessary for the infection of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by Rhizopus arrhizus Fischer, identified as the causal agent of a soft rot. Infection did not take place before flowering. Birds visiting the heads in search of seed were implicated in the spread of the disease. The disease was controlled by a single application of Copper 8-quinolinolate.
DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF TIMOTHY CLONAL LINES AND CULTIVARS TO SOIL TEMPERATURE, MOISTURE AND FERTILITY
Authors: MACK A. R. , FINN B. J.
Published: March 2010

Six clonal stocks of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) were tested under different soil environmental conditions in the greenhouse using three soil temperatures, two moistures and four nutritional levels. The average herbage yields from the various environmental conditions showed that the four parental selections of ’Champ’ were in the order of S-5 = S-9 > S-2 = S-6. Under high nutrition (N1P1) and soil moisture (75% available water) S-5, S-9, and Drummond yielded the largest at a soil temperature of 10 C, S-5 and S-9 yielded the most at 20 C, and S-2 the highest under a soil temperature of 27 C (day) and 20 C (night). Under low nutrition the differences among the selections were small. Under high nutrition, a change in temperature from 10 to 20 C increased late seasonal growth but had little effect on early growth, with an overall Q10 = 0.23, while under low nutrition, a similar change in temperature increased both early and later growth with a mean Q10 = 1.83. There was a delay in the optimum rate of regrowth with increase in temperature (10, 20, to 27/20 C). The S-5 tillered well at the lower temperatures, S-6 at the higher temperatures, and S-9, at all three temperatures.The yield potential of Champ appears to be similar to the two cultivars under low soil temperature and nutritional condition but greater than them under higher soil temperatures, nutrition and moisture.
EFFECTS OF ROOT TEMPERATURE AND A SUSPECTED PHYTOTOXIC SUBSTANCE ON THE GROWTH OF ALFALFA
Authors: McELGUNN J. D. , HEINRICHS D. H.
Published: March 2010

Two alfalfa cultivars, Rambler and Alfa, were grown at two soil fertility levels to assess a phytotoxic effect of two soils on the growth of alfalfa in a growth chamber at three root-zone temperatures. Different root-zone temperatures (10, 15, and 20 C) produced no differential effect on the characteristic unthrifty growth of alfalfa and therefore cannot be recommended as a tool to aid in the assessment of the condition. However, best growth of herbage and roots occurred al 15 C, which appears to be the most suitable temperature for growth of alfalfa in growth chambers. Addition of fertilizer did not amend the phytotoxic soil effect and the two cultivars reacted in a near-equal manner to the condition.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF SCALD ON WAXED APPLES
Authors: PORRITT S. W. , MEHERIUK M.
Published: March 2010

Cleaning Stayman and Starking Delicious apples by brushing in detergent and hot water followed by application of wax did not interfere with the effectiveness of scald control by 1800 and 2700 ppm ethoxyquin applied about two weeks previously in a dip treatment. Alternatively, scald could be prevented by the application of ethoxyquin-impregnated paper wraps to apples following waxing. A significant reduction in scald was also obtained through the waxing process or immersion of fruit in hot water.
USE OF PLASTIC PLANT MODELS FOR INVESTIGATING LIGHT DISTRIBUTION WITHIN A CORN CANOPY
Authors: STEVENSON K. R. , TANNER J. W.
Published: March 2010

A pigment system was developed which closely simulated the reflectance spectrum of a corn (Zea mays L.) leaf. The pigments were spray-painted on to butyrate acetate plastic so that plant models could be constructed. An excessive paint thickness was obtained on the plastic in the spray-painting process. The excess paint reduced the percent transmission and, as a result, the difference between the absorption spectra for a corn leaf and the plant model was greater than had been expected. A list of the components of the pigment system and a description of the technique for producing the paint are presented. Plastic plant models were constructed and used to simulate corn canopies. Light profiles were measured in the plant models and in corn at three populations. The extinction coefficients for the models were slightly larger but not significantly different from the extinction coefficients for the corn canopies. The slightly larger values were attributed to the reduced light transmission.
PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY FOR AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS AND FREQUENCY OF SELF-COMPATIBLE PLANTS IN TRIFOLIUM AMBIGUUM
Authors: TOWNSEND C. E.
Published: March 2010

The phenotypic diversity for vigor, height, date of flowering, spread, growth habit, and color of plants was studied in 51 progenies of diverse origin of Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb. The ploidy of most entries was not known, but diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid levels were represented. Highly significant differences were found among progenies for characters measured, a factor which suggests that species improvement through the efforts of a plant breeding program would be successful. Correlation coefficients were calculated between vigor and the other agronomic characters. The most important association was between vigor and height. Correlations between measurements for the same character in different years were also high. Persistence was excellent for all entries. A few plants were evaluated for nodule development and nodule coloration; the nodulation characteristics ranged from a moderate number of large nodules with a reddish brown color to a few small, white nodules.Four hundred and sixty-five plants, with representatives from each progeny, were self-pollinated in the field. Highly significant differences occurred among progenies for self-compatibility. Fifty-six percent of the population did not set a single seed when selfed. The most self-compatible plant observed had an average seed set of 29 seeds per head.
MINI-ROSE TOMATO
Authors: Lyall L. H. , Bolton A. T.
Published: March 2010

not available
A VACUUM-BLOWER PLOT HARVESTER
Authors: Hergert G. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
YIELD AND DISEASE-ESCAPE POTENTIAL OF FALL-SOWN OATS POSSESSING SEED DORMANCY
Authors: BURROWS V. D.
Published: March 2010

Several "dormoat" lines that resemble Avena sativa L. ’Clintland’ in seed and plant morphology but having the seed dormancy of A. fatua L. were synthesized to test the hypothesis that fall-sown dormant oats that do not germinate until the following spring will yield more grain in Canada than spring-sown oats. In 1966, seed yield increases of 13 and 24% were obtained at Ottawa from 1965 fall sowings of dormant seed compared with spring sowings of non-dormant seed of the same "dormoat" lines. Greater seed size and escape from diseases because of early maturity were mainly responsible for the higher yields of the fall-sown as compared with the spring-sown plots. In spite of these encouraging results, "dormoats" will not be commercially useful until the spring emergence of fall-sown seed is greatly increased.
EFFECT OF THE D GENOME ON THE PROTEIN OF THREE CULTIVARS OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT
Authors: DRONZEK B. L. , KALTSIKES P. J. , BUSHUK W.
Published: March 2010

The protein compositions of the AABB tetraploid wheats derived from three common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) cultivars, Prelude, Rescue and Thatcher, were compared with those of their hexaploid counterparts. Quantitative distribution of the soluble protein fractions showed that all wheats contained similar quantities of albumins and globulins. Tetraploids of Rescue and Thatcher contained more gliadin, more glutenin and less insoluble residue protein than the corresponding hexaploids. In contrast, the tetraploid of Prelude contained similar amounts of gliadin, glutenin and insoluble protein residue as its hexaploid. Amino acid compositions of the flour and the solubility fractions for all wheats examined were essentially the same. Electrophoretic patterns of the proteins in the four soluble fractions showed that significant qualitative differences existed among the cultivars studied. The patterns for each extracted tetraploid and its hexaploid counterpart were essentially the same.
EFFECTS OF BORON AND CALCIUM NUTRITION OF FLAX ON FUSARIUM WILT
Authors: KEANE EUNICE M. , SACKSTON W. E.
Published: March 2010

Flax plants inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. lini when 21 days old were more extensively colonized than plants inoculated at 28 days. Plants exposed to boron deficiency before inoculation developed more severe wilt than those moved to boron-deficient solutions after inoculation. High calcium level after inoculation lessened wilt severity; calcium level before inoculation had less effect.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE ‘JET’ AND ‘MILTON’ GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO LOOSE SMUT AND GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO OTHER BARLEY DISEASES
Authors: METCALFE D. R. , BUCHANNON K. W. , McDONALD W. C. , REINBERGS E.
Published: March 2010

The genes for resistance to Ustilago nuda from the barley cultivars Jet (C.I. 967) and Milton (C.I. 4966) were found to be independent of genes from C.I. 5791 and Algerian (C.I. 1179) governing resistance, respectively, to Pyrenophora teres and Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei. The Jet gene was found to be linked, with a recombination value of 39.4 ± 4.9%, with a single dominant gene located in C.I. 4439 governing resistance to Septoria passerinii. Genetic stocks developed at the Canada Agriculture Research Station, Winnipeg, possessing these various combinations of disease resistance genes, are available from the Small Grains Collection, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland.
FLOODING TOLERANCE OF LEGUMES
Authors: HEINRICHS D. H.
Published: March 2010

According to a greennouse experiment, the relative flooding tolerance of nine legumes was as follows: birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.), 20 days; red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum L.), and alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.), 15 days; sweetclover (Melilotus alba Desr.) and cicer milk vetch (Astragalus cicer L.), 10 days; and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.), 5 days. Yellowing of leaves was an excellent indicator of flooding damage. Growth of herbage and roots were arrested when the soil became waterlogged, but plants persisted quite well if flooding was not prolonged beyond the tolerance level indicated.
EFFECT OF ALAR ON DRY WEIGHT OF VARIOUS TISSUES OF GREENHOUSE GROWN APPLE TREES
Authors: MILLER S. R.
Published: March 2010

The total dry weights of greenhouse grown apple trees, taken 102 days after being sprayed with 1000 or 2000 ppm of Alar, was reduced. Alar at these rates caused an accumulation of photosynthate in the older stem and roots with a reduced growth of new wood. Trees harvested 182 days after treatment demonstrated that the inhibiting effects of Alar were dissipated. Those trees had made more total growth than the controls, the increase occurring as renewed terminal growth. Raising the concentration of Alar to 4000 ppm slightly increased the total dry weight after 53 days, the greater growth occurring in the older woody tissues. Little further growth took place 102 and 182 days after treatment. There was no indication that the inhibiting effects of Alar at 4000 ppm were lost in any tissue 182 days after application.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WINTERHARDINESS IN ROSES AND THE ELECTRIC IMPEDANCE OF UNINJURED TISSUES
Authors: SVEJDA FELICITAS
Published: March 2010

The magnitude of the electric impedance of woody plant tissue was not found to be indicative of winterhardiness, when measured on uninjured tissues during the growing period. This was shown by comparing the impedances between (a) hardy Rosa rugosa cultivars and tender R. chinensis cultivars, (b) R. rugosa cultivars of different hardiness levels of different parentage, and (c) seedlings of different hardiness levels but with a common maternal parent. The disagreement of these results with results of other workers is discussed.Earlier findings which indicated that the magnitude of the electric impedance characterizes certain plant genotypes were confirmed.
SPECIES COMPOSITION OF AN IRRIGATED GRASS MIXTURE AT VARYING FERTILIZER RATES
Authors: Krogman K. K.
Published: March 2010

not available
MAITLAND BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL
Authors: Twamley B. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG McINTOSH AND CORTLAND APPLE TREES
Authors: ROSS R. G. , CROWE A. D. , WEBSTER D. H.
Published: March 2010

The fungicides Bordeaux, dodine, captan, glyodin, dichlone, ferbam and zineb were compared over a five-year period for their effect on the performance of McIntosh and Cortland apple trees coming into bearing. Lower yields with ferbam resulted in increased fruit size. A differential response of the cultivars to some fungicides occurred in yields, number of apples and fruit size. In McIntosh, on a tree size basis, trees sprayed with zineb gave the highest yields followed in descending order by captan, dodine, dichlone, ferbam, glyodin and Bordeaux. In Cortland, yield differences were not significant. The favorable response with zineb appeared to be associated with an increase in the zinc content of the foliage.
VARIATION OF FRACTION 1 PROTEIN CONTENT IN ALFALFA
Authors: HEINRICHS D. H. , MILTIMORE J. E.
Published: March 2010

An alfalfa population consisting of plants of Medicago sativa L., M. media Pers., and M. falcata L. varied significantly for Fraction 1 (18S) protein content. M. falcata plants, as a group, contained about half as much Fraction 1 protein as M. sativa plants while M. media plants tended to fall between these two in Fraction 1 protein content. It is suggested that M. falcata may be a source of low Fraction 1 protein content. There was no appreciable association between Fraction 1 protein content and other chemical constituents.
A METHOD FOR EXPOSING ALEURONE TISSUE OF BARLEY FOR COLOR CLASSIFICATION
Authors: MULLICK D. B. , BRINK V. C.
Published: March 2010

A method of chemical peeling which provides a fast and accurate color reading of barley aleurone at the flint state of maturity is presented. The grains are steeped for two to five hours in 50% sulfuric acid to peel the investments outside of the aleurone. The acid does not reach the aleurone, because of an impermeability barrier either between the aleurone envelope and nucellar epidermis or in the aleurone envelope itself. Consequently, the chemical peeling technique has made the classification of barley aleurone color segregants precise. Because it does not impair seed viability, the technique has potential application in studies on aleurone physiology and biochemistry.
OCCURRENCE OF A MYCOTOXIN, OCHRATOXIN A, IN WHEAT AND ISOLATION OF OCHRATOXIN A AND CITRININ PRODUCING STRAINS OF PENICILLIUM VIRIDICATUM
Authors: Scott P. M. , Walbeek W. van , Harwig J. , Fennell D. I.
Published: March 2010

not available
ETHYLENE EVOLUTION FROM 2-CHLOROETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID UNDER NITROGEN ATMOSPHERES
Authors: Lougheed E. C. , Franklin E. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
A STORAGE DISORDER IN KENNEBEC POTATOES CAUSED BY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF MALEIC HYDRAZIDE
Authors: Poapst P. A. , Genier C.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF ATRAZINE ON GROWTH RESPONSE OF SOIL FUNGI
Authors: Richardson Lloyd T.
Published: March 2010

not available
MERCURY RESIDUES IN CEREAL GRAINS FROM SEEDS OR SOIL TREATED WITH ORGANOMERCURY COMPOUNDS
Authors: Saha J. G. , Lee Y. W. , Tinline R. D. , Chinn S. H. F. , Austenson H. M.
Published: March 2010

not available
BONANZA, A NEW SIX-ROWED MALTING BARLEY
Authors: Johnston W. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF VITAVAX ON CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT, PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION OF BARLEY LEAVES
Authors: CARLSON LESTER W.
Published: March 2010

Detached barley leaves treated with the systemic fungicide, 2,3-dihydro-5-carboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4,oxathiin (Vitavax), remained green longer than nontreated leaves. The chlorophyll content of treated leaves was slightly higher than that of nontreated ones during the first 7 days, and markedly higher 20 days after treatment. The immediate effect of the chemical was inhibition of photosynthesis and respiration. Treated leaves returned to apparently normal photosynthesis and respiration within 5 days; however, their mg dry weight/g fresh weight ratio remained lower than that of nontreated leaves, even 20 days after treatment.
METHYL BROMIDE AND ETHYLENE OXIDE FUMIGATION OFSYNCHYTRIUM ENDOBIOTICUM
Authors: MONRO H. A. U. , BUCKLAND C. T. , OLSEN O. A.
Published: March 2010

Methyl bromide (2.5% by volume) and ethylene oxide (2.0% by volume) in vacuum fumigation for 4 hr at 25 C killed all of the resting sporangia of the potato wart fungus, Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. Methyl bromide was also effective at atmospheric pressure at 4.0% for 4 hr and at 0.25% for 16 hr at 25 C. No advantage was gained by mixing the two gases in any proportions. The use of these fumigants under normal commercial conditions to prevent the spread of the organism in commodities such as jute (burlap) bags is considered feasible.
EFFECT OF SUMMERFALLOWING AND ROTATION ON YIELD OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND FLAX
Authors: AUSTENSON H. M. , WENHARDT A. , WHITE W. J.
Published: March 2010

Yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were studied in various rotations over a 13-year period. During this time precipitation averaged about 10% below long term means. Wheat yields in the second year after fallow averaged about 75% of the yield in the first year after fallow, and were more variable. Continuous wheat failed in 2 years out of 13 because of excessive competition from weeds. Because of these failures, continuous wheat yields were extremely variable and averaged 55% of fallow yield. Barley performed in much the same way as wheat, except that the yield of barley was no more erratic on stubble land than on fallow. Wheat and barley yields were unaffected by other crops growing in 3-year rotations. Flax yields were depressed following flax, whether a year of fallow intervened or not. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) depressed wheat yield in the first crop after breaking, even though a full year of summerfallow preceded the wheat. Alfalfa with bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and bromegrass alone, did not affect wheat yields significantly.
COPPER, MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR CONTENTS OF FORAGE CROPS AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO
Authors: LESSARD J. R. , HIDIROGLOU M. , CARSON R. B. , WAUTHY J. M.
Published: March 2010

Each of the species birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in the field on 10 plots sampled at weekly intervals in rotation from June 13. Each plot was resampled after 6 weeks and all samples were analyzed for copper, molybdenum and sulfur. In most species, levels of Cu and Mo were highest in the early samplings and decreased with advancing maturity. Second-cut samples tended to be higher in Cu, Mo and S than first-cut samples. The S content was more uniform in the first cycle but increased considerably in the second cycle, especially in reed canarygrass. The ranges in Cu content were 7.4 to 14.1 ppm for birdsfoot trefoil and 3.7 to 11.4 ppm for the grasses. Mo ranged from 1.9 to 8.1 ppm in birdsfoot trefoil and from 1.0 to 6.5 ppm in the grasses. The overall range in S content was from 0.14 to 0.95%. The mineral composition of the crops is discussed in relation to the requirement of ruminants for these three elements.
EFFECT OF LOTUS RHIZOBIA STRAINS ON THE GROWTH AND NODULATION OF LOTUS CORNICULATUS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
Authors: KUNELIUS H. T. , CLARK K. W.
Published: March 2010

The growth and nodulation of two birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) cultivars, Empire and Leo, during the year of establishment were studied in the field. Plants were inoculated with each of four Lotus rhizobia strains. Four weeks after seeding, about 92% of the plants bore nodules. After 7 weeks practically all plants were nodulated and nitrogen was being fixed. Plant dry weights and dry matter yields were greatest with Rhizobium strain 95C11 which formed large nodules on each host. With strain P, many small nodules were formed and yields were lower.
EFFECT OF FERTILIZER NITROGEN AND CLIPPING FREQUENCY ON THE CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT, CRUDE PROTEIN YIELD AND APPARENT NITROGEN RECOVERY OF INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS
Authors: LAWRENCE T. , WARDER F. G. , ASHFORD R.
Published: March 2010

The effects of six rates of N fertilizer and five frequencies of clipping on the crude protein content, crude protein yield, and apparent recovery of N in intermediate wheatgrass, Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beauv., were studied for three years on irrigated land. The crude protein content of intermediate wheatgrass increased with increasing rates of N fertilizer, and decreased with longer intervals between clippings. Applications of N fertilizer resulted in increased yields of crude protein. Clipping interval did not have a consistent influence on crude protein yield of intermediate wheatgrass. Apparent N recoveries ranged from 27% in the first crop year to over 50% in subsequent years. Neither fertilizer rate nor clipping interval had a consistent influence on N recovery.
SEED GERMINATION, POLLINATION, AND GROWTH OF VACCINIUM VITIS-IDAEA VAR. MINUS LODD
Authors: Hall Ivan V. , Beil Charles E.
Published: March 2010

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EFFECTS OF CLIPPING ON PINEGRASS
Authors: Freyman S.
Published: March 2010

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INFLUENCE OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON MAGNESIUM CONTENT OF TOMATO PLANTS
Authors: Kabu K. L. , Toop E. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
SEED-BORNE DRECHSLERA PHLEI ON PHLEUM SPECIES
Authors: Smith J. Drew
Published: March 2010

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MELROSE SAINFOIN
Authors: Hanna M. R. , Cooke D. A. , Goplen B. P.
Published: March 2010

not available