bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic and Racial-ethnic Disparities in Prosocial Health Attitudes
Authors: Polonijo Andrea N. , Carpiano Richard M. , Reiter Paul L. , Brewer Noel T.
Published: September 2016

Research on prosocial attitudes, social networks, social capital, and social stratification suggest that lower–socioeconomic status (SES), Hispanic, and nonwhite individuals will be more likely than their higher-SES and non-Hispanic white counterparts to engage in health behaviors that serve a social good. Analyzing data from the University of North Carolina Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Immunization in Sons Study, we test whether SES and race-ethnicity are associated with willingness to vaccinate via prosocial attitudes toward HPV vaccination among adolescent males ( n = 401) and parents ( n = 518). Analyses revealed that (a) parents with lower education and (b) black and Hispanic parents and adolescent males reported higher prosocial vaccination attitudes, but only some attitudes were associated with higher willingness to vaccinate. We discuss these findings in terms of how prosocial attitudes may motivate certain health behaviors and serve as countervailing mechanisms in the (re)production of health disparities and promising targets of future public health interventions.
Peer Influence on Aggressive Behavior, Smoking, and Sexual Behavior
Authors: Li Yi , Guo Guang
Published: September 2016

Identifying casual peer influence is a long-standing challenge to social scientists. Using data from a natural experiment of randomly-assigned college roommates ( N = 2,059), which removes the threat of friend selection, we investigate peer effects on aggressive behavior, smoking, and concurrent sexual partnering. The findings suggest that the magnitude and direction of peer influence depend on predisposition, gender, and the nature of the behavior. Peer effects on individuals predisposed toward a given behavior tend to be larger than peer effects on individuals without such a predisposition. We find that the influence of roommates on aggressive behavior is more pronounced among male students than among female students; roommate effects on smoking are negative among female students and male students who did not smoke before college. For concurrent sexual partnering, a highly private behavior, we find no evidence of peer effects.
Assessing impacts of water harvesting techniques on the water footprint of sorghum in Western Sudan
Authors: Ali Abubaker B. , Hong Li , Elshaikh Nazar A. , Haofang Yan
Published: September 2016

Improving the water footprint (WFP) of crops through the implementation of water harvesting techniques (WHT) can help save water and enhance crop production. This study investigated the impact of different WHTs on the green, blue and total WFP components of sorghum production in Western Sudan. Water harvesting was used as a tool for reducing water consumption and minimizing the WFP in two consecutive rainy seasons in 2012 and 2013. The average WFP for sorghum was estimated to be 1100 m3 ton−1, with the green component providing the highest contribution. According to WFP analysis there were significant differences between WHT treatments ( p ≤ 0.05) with tide ridging providing the greatest reduction (79%) compared to other treatments including ridging (71%) and basin (58%), respectively. A similar trend was found regarding soil moisture, fresh, dry matter and productivity (yield). The blue water component has an important impact on the total WFP for sorghum production.
Participation rate of farmers in different multifunctional activities in the Netherlands
Authors: Hassink Jan , Agricola Herman , Thissen Jac
Published: September 2016

In this article, we present the findings from a study into the relationships between socio demographic, economic, and geographical characteristics of farm holdings and their participation rate in multifunctional activities. Recreation, nature management, care, and education services are most widespread among dairy farms. Farm holders of arable and dairy farms with extended activities are younger and the economic size of their enterprises is larger than that of conventional enterprises. For horticultural and intensive husbandry farmers, there were no age differences and, unlike the land-based types of holdings, the economic size of farms with extended activities was smaller than that of conventional farms. While care and education are more widespread in urbanized areas, the opposite was found for nature management. Proximity to sea has a positive impact on the participation rate in recreation, on-farm selling, and nature management. In order to understand the decisions of farmers, it is crucial to take the type of multifunctional activity, type of agricultural holding, and location into consideration.
Student Voice From a Turnaround Urban High School: An Account of Students With and Without Dis/Abilities Leading Resistance Against Accountability Reform
Authors: Pazey Barbara L. , DeMatthews David
Published: September 2016

The Every Student Succeeds Act redefines the priorities of our nation’s education system. Prior to its passage, turnaround strategies advanced solutions for low-performing schools. Research literature examining how these reforms impacted the schooling experiences of students attending these schools is lacking. We present the results of a qualitative case study of a reconstituted urban school in the Southwest United States, providing the perspectives of 10 students with dis/abilities and the effects accountability reform efforts had on their high school experience. Three expressed needs and desires were identified: (a) a positive school identity, (b) stability, and (c) to be recognized and heard.
Agenda setting and the political economy of fear: How crime news influences voters’ beliefs
Authors: Graziano Paolo R , Percoco Marco
Published: September 2016

In this article, we analyse the mechanisms of agenda setting by focusing on the determinants of individual attitudes towards crime and investigating the role played by the media. After a brief literature review supporting the relevance of the selected topic of inquiry and the presentation of our analytical framework, we study the persuasion effects of mass media. More specifically, we investigate how TV exposure can shape individual perceptions of specific issues such as crime, and then focus on the effects of exposure to crime news on voting decisions. Using the Italian 2001 general election as an important case study of TV power concentration, we provide evidence that media-induced agenda setting enhanced the salience of the crime issue in voters’ minds during the 2001 Italian general election and contributed to the victory of the coalition led by Silvio Berlusconi. Interestingly, our results are partially driven by the switch of previous left-wing voters to voting for the centre right because of exposure to crime news.
The Nature of Family Engagement in Interventions for Children With Chronic Conditions
Authors: Knafl Kathleen A. , Havill Nancy L. , Leeman Jennifer , Fleming Louise , Crandell Jamie L. , Sandelowski Margarete
Published: September 2016

Recognizing the bi-directional relationship between family functioning and child well-being in the context of childhood chronic conditions, researchers have tested family-focused interventions aimed at promoting both child and family well-being through improving the family’s condition management capacity. Based on a sample of 70 interventions for families in which there was a child with a chronic physical condition, this analysis examined the nature of family engagement in the interventions. Data were extracted from the intervention reports using a standardized template; conventional content analysis was used to describe family engagement. Interventions varied in focus, structure, and level of family engagement. Investigators most often sought to improve condition control or management, with parent engagement focused on improving capacity to manage the treatment regimen. Few investigators addressed capacity building in the context of family functioning. Recommendations are made for reporting standards for family-focused interventions and for enhancing the family systems grounding of interventions.
Management of Industrial Relations: A Case for Matching Strategy with Objectives
Authors: Sheth N.R. , Shah B.G.
Published: September 2016

A case study of industrial relations in a commercial bank illustrates the way in which management can effectively resolve complicated industrial relations problems by clarifying its objectives and pursuing them against odds. The bank moved from a tension ridden industrial relations situation to a situation of bipartite relations and a genuine concern for each other's points of view. It is argued that industrial relations problems will be much less insoluble than they appear on the surface if there is willingness and ability to take clear-headed, goal-oriented decisions.
Compounding under Varying Interest Rates
Authors: Mampilly Paul
Published: September 2016

The arithmetic of investment analysis presently in use presumes that cash flows generated by an investment are capable of earning successively period after period at a uniform rate throughout the chosen time horizon. This presumption may work out only rarely, for the rates of reinvestment available in one period may vary from those in another and. due to size constraints on opportunities, the rates of reinvestments may be different even during the same period. There is, therefore, a need to establish methods by which cash flows can be priced when reinvestment opportunities offer varying rates.

This paper suggests a method of pricing the cash flows where rate of potential earning varies over time while the size of opportunity at any one point of time can be taken as large enough to accommodate the flows available then. The model developed in the paper offers, incidentally, a simple computational process to the bankers who have to compound interest accruals on deposits at interest rates varying with maturity.
Urban Employment: Prospects for Year 2000s
Authors: Bharat-Ram Vinay
Published: September 2016

This article studies urban employment in an aggregative fashion. It uses published data wherever available and makes projections based on certain explicitly stated assumptions. What is important is not magnitude of the parameters but the manner in which these parameters can be put together in order to understand the inter-relationships surrounding the problem of urban unemployment. The article ends by making concrete observations in regard to employment, growth, and industrialization.
Studies on Indian Bureaucracy
Authors: Dayal Ishwar
Published: September 2016

This article reviews 11 titles published on Indian bureaucracy between 1971 and 1975, covering the following five themes: 1) background, attitudes, values, and motives of senior civil servants, 2) their reaction to specific situations, 3) relation between the politicians and the administrators, 4) district organization, and 5) formulation of developmental policies.

The books reviewed here are based on empirical or field studies or those which have used primary data for analysis. Only those books that have been sent for review by the publishers on the request of the editors have been included.

The review excludes the experiences of civil servants and the reports of committees and commissions, which are so important and numerous and large that each would require a separate review.
Multinational Corporations
Authors: Patil R.H.
Published: September 2016

The importance of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the world trade, foreign direct investment, and transfer of technology is well documented. In recent year, many governments, especially those in the Third World, have been re-examining their policies towards MNCs whose economic and political power often come in the way of national development. Four recently published books on this sensitive subject are reviewed in this article. Robbins, Sydney M.; and Stobaugh, Robert, B., Money in the Multinational Enterprises: A Study of Financial Policy. London: Longman, 1974. Parker, J.E.S., The Economics of Innovations: The National and Multinational Enterprise in Technological Change. London: Longman, 1974. International Labour Office, Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1973. Turner, Louis, Multinational Companies and the Third World. London: Allen Lane, 1973.
The Dying Ulysses: Middle-Aged Middle Managers in the Indian Public Sector
Authors: Chattopadhyay Somnath , Agrawal K.G.
Published: September 2016

Middle managers tend to face physiological and psychological crises in their middle age. Part I proposes certain constructs to understand the psychodynamics of these crises and Part II provides empirical support to Part I. The dominant theme in Part I is the process of dying. Two models to cope with this inevitable but passing phase of life can be seen. Part II reports a study of 208 middle managers from 20 industrial organizations in the public sector. They emerge as moderate but not intense, mediocre, and fairly alienated with a deep sense of inefficacy and misanthropy. The paper concludes that by confronting the mid-life crisis in cognitive, affective, and connative planes simultaneously and integrating with it the concern for self and others, managers can give new meaning and richness to their lives.
An Inventory Problem with Segmented Deliveries
Authors: Kairo Amarlal H.
Published: September 2016

An inventory problem involving splitting of an order into a number of staggered deliveries for a finite time horizon and known demand is described in this paper. Based on the optimal policy curve, a procedure for determining the optimum number of segmented deliveries for items ordered jointly is provided when there are constraints on inventory carrying cost or the total number of segmented deliveries.
Meeting Mass Consumption Needs: Some Options
Authors: Bhandari Labdhi
Published: September 2016

This article discusses the role of industrial sector in meeting mass consumption needs. Product mix of the consumer products industry in the organized sector primarily caters to elitist markets. The problem is further accentuated by the restrictions imposed on large industrial units, monopoly houses, and multinationals on the one hand, and the relative lack of success of small and cottage sectors in catering to mass consumption needs on the other. The author suggests a systematic approach for identifying product areas requiring public policy attention and determining the roles of various sectors of industry for meeting mass consumption needs.
Employee Motivation and Work Satisfaction in a Public Enterprise'
Authors: Mehta Prayag
Published: September 2016

Data on employee motivation, work satisfaction, and organizational climate were collected from a recently nationalized public sector organization to study the implications of organizational variables for efficient working, with particular reference to workers' participation in management. While the managerial employees showed strong motivation for influence and influence-backed motivation for personal achievement, the workers showed strong motivation for social achievement backed by need for personal achievement. The author feels that the patterns discerned in the analysis are likely to create interpersonal problems and conflicts, and would come in the way of workers' participation in management.
Authority in Work Organizations
Authors: Kakar Sudhir
Published: September 2016

Authority can 63 defined as a relationship between two individuals—superior and subordinate. The superiority and subordinacy lies not in individual characters but in the organizational hierarchy.

Ideologies of authority can be divided into three categories: (1) parental ideologies; (2) professional ideologies; and (3) fraternal ideologies. The author finds that in Indian work organizations parental ideologies in general and the assertive superior in particular dominate authority relations. He concludes that no simple statement about the work behaviour of subordinates in different types of authority relationships can be made since it is a function of several variables.
Public Sector and Corporate Evolution
Authors: Tandon P.L.
Published: September 2016

Starting with Britain, followed by Japan and Sweden in the last century, and by Russia, Italy, and France in this century, the public sector is now spreading to most countries in the world, with a special appeal to developing countries. Most writings on the public sector have been confined to its growth and problems, its relationship with the state, and the contribution it is expected, but often fails, to make to the economy. This article, however, examines the public sector on other dimensions: 1) its place in the process of corporate evolution; 2) the relationship between capital and control in the public sector; and 3) a comparison with the multinationals.
Designing MIS for Top Management: Some Operational Guidelines
Authors: Bhattacharyya S.K. , Chakravarti Gautam
Published: September 2016

Business organizations must equip themselves with expertise to prevent maladjustment with environment as a result of changing technologies, expanding markets, and shifts in government policies. This involves a systematic appraisal of future trends and a selection of strategies. A framework for top management information system (TMIS), mixing “hard” and “soft” data, has been delineated in this article. The authors believe that future management information systems are likely to be verbal and qualitative in nature.
Issues and Dilemmas in Education Systems
Authors: Khan Mir Zahiruddin Ali
Published: September 2016

Several issues and dilemmas confront the education systems in India. Official and non-official views represent a wide spectrum of opinions with hardly any impact on the systems. The author reviews three books on the subject under five aspects: 1) objectives of education; 2) course content; 3) structure of the education systems; 4) decision-making process; and 5) motivation.

Matthai, Ravi; Pareek, Udai; and Rao, T.V. (eds.), Institution-Building in Education and Research: From Stagnation to Self Renewal (New Delhi: All India Management Association, 1977).

Mehta, Prayag, Managing Motivation in Education (Ahmedabad: Sahitya Mudranalaya, 1976).

Sundaram, P.S.; and Shah, A. B, Education or Catastrophy (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1976).
Workers' Participation in BHEL: I
Authors: Raghavan S.V.S
Published: September 2016

Workers' participation in management is enshrined in the Indian constitution which provides for “the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments, or other organizations engaged in any industry.” After a brief survey of several approaches in the private and the public sector organizations, an experiment carried out at one of the public sector organizations (Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited) is described here.
Industrial Conflicts in India A Statistical Analysis
Authors: Verma Pramod
Published: September 2016

An attempt is made in this paper to analyse recent strike activities in India. It was found that inflationary conditions had significantly influenced the strike activity. The wage-productivity ratio had some influence, A crosssection analysis for inter-state and inter-industry variations in the strike activity was also attempted. It was found that employment, salaried staff-workers ratio, and wage-productivity ratio accounted for dispersion in the strike activity. The explanatory model developed by the author could substantially explain strike-proneness in Indian industry.
Increasing Productivity of Commercial Banking Operations: A Systemic Approach
Authors: Kalro Amarlal H. , Bhattacharyya S.K.
Published: September 2016

Commercial banking operations have undergone significant changes in quantitative as well as qualitative terms during the last decade. Despite these major changes, the systems and procedures of work have largely remained the same, without any major modification since they were devised. The systems and procedures used have a bearing on customer service, productivity, and cost of operations. With growing concern being expressed in all these areas, it has become necessary to examine the present systems and procedures with a view to developing improved methods of work. In this paper, suitable alternatives for rationalizing and improving systems and procedures pertaining to day-to-day on-line/off-line activities of commercial banking operations are examined.
Evaluation of Training
Authors: Pareek Udai
Published: September 2016

Though a good amount of money is spent on training, very little attention is paid to evaluation of training. This paper reviews some of the recent publications on this vital issue.

Books Reviewed

Anderson, S.B.; Ball, S.; and Murphy, R.T., Encyclopedia of Educational Evaluation: Concepts and Techniques for Evaluating Education and Training Programs (San Francisco: Jossey Press, 1975).

Hamblin, A.C., Evaluation and Control of Training (London: McGraw-Hill, 1974).

Kirkpatrick, Donald L.(ed.), Evaluating Training Programs (Madison: American Society for Training and Development, 1975).

Tracey, William R., Evaluating Training and Development Systems (New York: American Management Association, 1968).

Training Evaluation System: Branch Manager Programme�A Study on the Impact of Training on Branch Managers (Hyderabad: State Bank Staff College, n.d.).

Warr, Peter; Bird, Michad; and Rackham, Neil, Evaluation of Management Training (London: Grower Press, 1970).

Whitelaw, Malt The Evaluation of Training: A Review (London: Institute of Personnel Management 1978).
Evaluation of Alternate Road Policies in Nigeria
Authors: Mbanefoh Ginigeme F.
Published: September 2016

This paper examines the basis of choice of road networks in Nigeria. It argues that, while building higher quality roads may be in keeping with the objective of minimizing total transport costs, such a policy may not be optimal in national economic terms when the distribution of benefits from improved roads and the opportunity cost of building higher quality roads in the face of limited resources are taken into account. Also, placing too much emphasis on public costs (to the exclusion of private costs) as criterion for determining what standard of roads to build has resulted in costly road programmes.
Depreciation and Replacement Cost
Authors: Gupta Ramesh
Published: September 2016

The sharp rise in prices in recent years has stirred up a brisk debate on the meaning and measurement of business income. In computing income, costs of labour and material are generally reflected in current prices, but the provision made for depreciation is generally not sufficient to replace fixed assets.

This paper investigates various approaches to the oroblem of providing sufficient depreciation allowance in measuring income. The relationship between written down value and the straight line inflation adjusted method of providing depreciation has been examined. Simulation technique has been used to illustrate the problem and pertinent policy implications of the use of various depreciation methods have been highlighted.
Predicting New Product Success: Role of Product Category Related Perceptual Variables
Authors: Mehta Subhash C. , Pandya Anil M.
Published: September 2016

Which new products a firm should introduce is a question of considerable importance. It is now well known that new products are difficult to introduce and often fail to to take off. It is also observed that, in certain categories, it is easier to enter the market with new products, while establishing them in other categories poses serious difficulties.

This paper is concerned with the decision-making processes of consumers when faced with a new brand situation in a familiar product category. It relates intention to buy a new brand with a number of different perceptual variables regarding the product category and compares these relations across different product categories.
Determination of Energy Intensities in the Indian Economy
Authors: Rao S. Subba , Raizada Mukesh , Iyer S. Chidambara , Ramanathan A.
Published: September 2016

This paper applies Herendeen's methodology for deriving energy costs and energy intensities for the Indian economy. An idea of the part energy plays in the cost structure of various goods and services as well as the intensities of energy requirements in various activities is obtained from this analysis. The methodology will be helpful for energy planners to project and control energy consumption in the economy.
Management of the Judicial System
Authors: Iyer V.R. Krishna
Published: September 2016

Indian legal system is a colonial heritage and of Victorian vintage but the constitution makes justice the highest imperative of freedom and entrusts judicial administration to an independent authority. The first, the colonial factor, drags the country back; the second spells the need for a revolution forward. If justice is an inalienable right of Indian masses, many radical changes in the delivery system of law are necessary.
Legal Superstructure of Industrial Relations
Authors: Sheth N.R.
Published: September 2016

An attempt is made in this paper to examine the content and implications of the recent Industrial Relations Bill in the light of social objectives set for such legislation and the reality of industrial relations in the country. It is assumed that trade union freedom and emphasis on bilateral resolution of conflicts are not only an integral part of our social system but also vitally important in achieving such objectives as industrial peace, harmony, and productivity. It is argued that in the proposed system the government should encourage employers and employees to constitute effective interest groups and sort out their disputes bilaterally. The government's role should be restricted to dealing with industrial relations matters in critical situations and leading the industrial relations community to desired goals.
Balance of Payments Effects of Investment in Manufacturing: The Case of Nigeria
Authors: Iyanda Olukunle
Published: September 2016

In recent years, many less developed countries have thrown open their doors to foreign investment in manufacturing. It is believed that, by producing goods locally which otherwise would have been imported, foreign exchange would be conserved. This paper analyses the balance of payments impact of foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sector of Nigeria's economy to determine whether it is cheaper to produce locally through foreign-owned firms or to use any other alternate means of supplying local demand.
Decentralized Sectors: A Managerial Framework
Authors: Balakrishnan K. , Dholakia Nikhilesh
Published: September 2016

Decentralized industrial sectors occupy a prominent place in many developing economies. This paper explains the rationale for setting up decentralized sectors and illustrates the employment and developmental significance of such sectors in the Indian context. The conceptual framework attempts to illustrate an operating scheme by which various functions like marketing, etc., can be split into purely commercial, purely developmental and development oriented commercial sub-functions.
System Design for Delivery of Materials
Authors: Mjtal K.M. , Jamadagneya S.K.
Published: September 2016

This paper evolves an efficient centralized material delivery sytemsfrom the central depot of a large manufacturing organization to different work areas. The travelling salesman problem has been used in the analysis for minimizing transportation costs. The new design has resulted in economy of resources and greater utilization of the vehicle fleet.
Transfer of Technology: Towards a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Sinha Arun P. , Balakrishnan K.
Published: September 2016

The importance of technology gap as one of the main explicators for the differences in the economic conditions of developed countries and less developed countries is identified in this paper. After examining two streams of international economic theories dealing—directly or indirectly—with technology transfer, a few strategic and structural variables are identified to explain the observed phenomena. Based on these, 12 propositions are hypothesized which may, on further testing, provide a better explanatory and probably predictive base for the technology acquisition behaviour of LDCs. An attempt is also made to relate the strategic and structural variables and the 12 propositions into a conceptual schema.
Backward Area Subsidies and Location of Projects
Authors: Srinivasan G.
Published: September 2016

In 1971 the Government of India announced a subsidy scheme to develop backward areas. Projects located in these areas are eligible for a subsidy of one-tenth of fixed capital in the case of new units and one-tenth of additional fixed capital in the case of existing units. This paper looks into how operationalization of the scheme has affected decisions relating to selection and location of projects.
Information Needs of Backward Area Entrepreneurs
Authors: Sushma
Published: September 2016

This paper explores the nature of information requirements of entrepreneurs from backward areas and its relation to entrepreneuria I characteristics. and the sources of information. The results are based on a survey conducted in two backward areas of Haryana. The data suggest that entrepreneurs require almost similar type of information irrespective of their age. training, education. family background. and past experience. The author also recommends establishment of a central information agency to cater to the needs of prospective entrepreneurs.
Management for the 80s: A Comparative Study
Authors: S.J. James Filella
Published: September 2016

This paper reports the results of comparing the way European managers and Indian managers approach the challenges of the 80s in the running of their firms. Using the data collected by Eurosurvey from 150 managers in five EEC countries and by the author in Spain a Jist of 12 managerial qualities was prepared. Over 100 Indian managers were asked to prioritize the qualities. after having discussed how they perceived their firms at present and how they saw them in the second half of this decade. An interpretation of the various priority lists is proposed in terms of what appears to be common across nations and of wh2t is typical of each national group.
Organization Buying: Supplier Evaluation Criteria for Standard Products
Authors: Mehta Subhash C. , Khurana Rakesh , Chhabra H.S. , Rao C.P. , Kiser G.E.
Published: September 2016

This paper studies organizational buying behaviour, a responsibility shared by several functionaries including the purchasing personnel. It measures the perceived importance of various standard attributes for supplier selection. For this, 500 purchasing executives were administered a questionnaire with 65 attributes. The reasons for some attributes getting high or low mean importance ratings have been analysed. Based on these weights the marketer of standard goods can plan his marketing strategy, giving more emphasis to factors which have emerged important.
Enterprise autonomy: Myths and realities
Authors: Kumar Krishna
Published: September 2016

Decision-making autonomy may be an important determinant of a business organization's performance. Yet, discussion on the subject has been very limited. Besides, the factors underlying variation in autonomy from one organization to another have not been identified. Lack of empirical studies has led to several stereotypes and myths about autonomy of business enterprises in various economic sectors. Based on questionnaire data and information from interviewing top level executives of enterprises in the public, the multinational and the private sectors in India, the paper identifies sectoral differences in autonomy, the multidimensionality of the concept of autonomy, and the situational determinants of autonomy.
Frontiers of management research abroad
Authors: Tyagi Suman B.
Published: September 2016

“The whole in a nutshell!” That is Frontiers of management research abroad. To expose Indian readers to management research abroad we present in this new feature jargon free summaries of recent research published in some of the world's leading management journals. These capsule summaries would, we hope, induce the enthusiastic readers to still wider reading. And also, to contribute to this feature themselves.

Readers are requested to give detailed information regarding the article condensed such as its publication details etc., to Professor Samir Barua. •
Patterns of diversification in larger Indian enterprises
Authors: Chaudhuri Shekhar , Prahalad Krishna Kumar C.K. , Vathsala S.
Published: September 2016

Based on a sample of 72 large public and private sector companies, this paper highlights patterns of diversification in Indian industry during 1960-75. These two groups were divided into sub-categories and diversification patterns were analysed for each sub-category. The sample as a whole showed a fairly rapid rate of diversification. While the private sector firms showed a pronounced tendency towards unrelated diversification, the public sector units tended to diversify primarily into related businesses. In India, patterns of diversification seems to be influenced strongly by governmental regulations and public policy.
Tractorization in India : Dispelling some myths
Authors: Maggu Ashok
Published: September 2016

The pa per challenges the conventional belief that tractorization in developing societies with surplus agricultural labour would lead to greater unemployment. Based on a study of the post 1960 demand for tractors in India, and an interview survey of about 900 farmers, opinion leaders, and officials of tractor manufacturers, the author concludes that-tractorization leads to replacement of bullock power, not labour power, and that tractorization is essential for bringing to fruition productivity increasing innovations, such as the use of high yield variety seeds. The author finds that there is a gap Between the kinds of tractors produced in the country and those desired by farmers. Neither the type nor size of the holding is an inhibitor of tractor use though socio-cultural reasons may be.
VIKSAT-The creative catalyst
Authors: Balaji C.
Published: September 2016

Innovative management features brief accounts of novel, off-beat management. These are accounts of creatively managed organ nons or of innovative handling of management issues.

As for the others, we invite contributions and comments from rea.ders for this feature too.
MNCs from LDCs: The case of Indian joint ventures abroad*
Authors: Balakrishnan K.
Published: September 2016

Though Indian joint ventures are of recent origin, and the initial failure rate is high, they are gradually being recognized by the Government of India and Indian businessmen as powerful instruments to secure a foothold in world markets. Many proposals, however, went abortive for lack of a long term strategic outlook on the part of either the entrepreneurs or the respective governments.

In this set up, the author discusses how public policy in India and abroad seems to have provided a push to India's overseas investment efforts. But this is not enough. And Balakrishnan delineates how and what Indian investors abroad must do to succeed in their ventures. For this, viable strategies must be evolved to identify and exploit our long term opportunities. To facilitate this process, he gives a simple conceptual framework of the product market scope for Indian joint ventures abroad.
Western and Indian models of turnaround management
Authors: Hegde Manjunath
Published: September 2016

The author compares Western and Indian mechanisms for turning around sick corporations. Based on 18 Western case studies, the paper links cases of sickness with turnaround mechanisms. The author also presents a model for preventing sickness in organizations.
Some lessons for the management of public enterprises
Authors: Khandwalla Pradip N.
Published: September 2016

Based on intensive case studies of four equipment manufacturing enterprises in the Indian public sector, the author has developed models of appropriate management for public enterprises, of their turnaround from sickness, the effective management of operating and regulatory environment by PEs, the management of diversification, the regulating ministry's management of the PE-ministry interface, and the assessment of the investment proposals of PEs. A number of implications of the study are also stated.
Revitalizing returns from executive development programmes
Authors: King Albert S.
Published: September 2016

The paper reviews campus-based executive development programmes, the reasons why companies prefer them, and how their benefits can be accentuated.
Diagnostic
Authors: Manikutty S.
Published: September 2016

In this feature a caseiet with rich policy implications is presented to a panel of academics and practitioners. The panelists diagnose the problem or problems, analyse their causes and make policy-level recommendations that go beyond the immediate situation presented in the case.

Readers are requested to send interesting caselets for possible use by Vikaipa. Kindly send three copies to the Editor, VikaJpa.
Funding MBA programmes in India: Who should pay?
Authors: Baumgartel Howard , Roy B.
Published: September 2016

A questionnaire survey of Indian MBAs, management faculty, managers, and policy makers revealed the need for greater funding of MBA programmes, particularly those at Indian universities, and the need to tap the corporate sector for increased funding from that source. It is argued that this calls for the MBA programmes to be much more closely attuned to the needs of the corporate sector.
PI management
Authors: Khandwalla Pradip N.
Published: September 2016

The pioneering innovative (PI) mode of management was identified from corporate policies data supplied by the top managements of 75 Indian organizations. It was found to be used by a wide variety of organizations. The paper presents the determinants and organizational consequences of the PI mode of management. Implications of the findings for Indian management, for management research and management education, and for organizational design and development are explored.
Diagnostic
Authors: Rangarajan T.
Published: September 2016

In this feature a caselet with rich policy implications is presented to a panel of academics and practitioners. The panelists diagnose the problem or problems, analyse their causes and make policy-level recom mendations that go beyond the immediate situation presented in the case.

Readers are requested to send interesting caselets for possible use by Vikalpa. Kindly send three copies to the Editor, Vikalpa.
Retorts and reflections
Authors: Bhatt Anil
Published: September 2016

The January-March 1983 issue of Vikalpa carried a panel discussion of “The case of a conscientious commissioner.” In the case, Mr. Chattopadhyay (name disguised), the commissioner of City-C, got involved in a dispute with the mayor concerning a water supply scheme. His transfer may have been politically arranged. The successor of Mr. Chattopadhyay, and the author of the case, Professor Anil Bhatt, offer some retorts and reflections.
Job involvement and need satisfaction of bank officers in India
Authors: Pathak R.D.
Published: September 2016

Job involvement (JI) concerns the degree to which employees identify with their job. It may be influenced by the level of satisfaction of one's needs, be they intrinsic or extrinsic. Utilizing a sample of 150 bank officers from four major public sector banks in India, the present study investigated this stipulated relationship between JI and need satisfaction, but did not find any strong relationship. The important finding that emerged was that the bank officers, regardless of their job involvement, wanted more “decision making authority,” “opportunity for personal growth and development,” and “recognition for good work done.” One factor of importance for job involvement appeared to be satisfaction vis-a-vis “recognition for good work done.” Recommendations based on the findings include adequate feedback and incentives for good work, widening the area of responsibility, larger delegation of authority, and tangible as well as symbolic modes of recognition for raising need satisfaction and job involvement.
Estimation of benefits from irrigation projects: Existing practice and an alternative model
Authors: Sampath Rajan K. , Nobe Kenneth C.
Published: September 2016

India is spending billions of rupees a year for increasing her irrigation potential. For selecting irrigation projects, a proper method of appraising costs and benefits expected from each project is very useful. The current method employed by the Irrigation Commission is dangerously simpleminded and may lead to the selection of the wrong projects. An alternate model for assessing irrigation projects is developed that takes into account realistic elasticities of demand and supply for the commodities produced in the irrigated area, and the concepts of consumers' and producers' surplus. An illustrative example shows the wide differences in estimated benefits from an irrigation project from using the Irrigation Commission's and the proposed methods. Suggestions for improving the current method are provided.
A movement for creative giving by professionals
Authors: Mahajan Vijay
Published: September 2016

Innovative management features brief accounts of novel, off-beat management. These are accounts of creatively managed organizations or of innovative handling of management issues.

As for the others, we invite contributions and comments from readers forth is feature too.
Strategic marketing: An emerging imperative for Indian firms
Authors: Dholakia Nikhilesh , Sarin Sharad
Published: September 2016

Intensifying competition in Indian markets is making it necessary for Indian firms to take a more strategic view of their products and markets. This article examines the main elements of strategic marketing behaviour. It discusses basic product strategies based on excellence and dominance. Finally, some successful entry strategies of Indian firms are identified and conclusions offered about the relevance of strategic marketing in India.
Frontiers of management research abroad
Authors: Keith D'Souza , Subramanian S.
Published: September 2016

“The whole in a nutshell!” That is Frontiers of management research abroad. To expose Indian readers to management research abroad we present in this feature jargon free summaries of recent research published in some of the world's leading management journals. These capsule summaries would, we hope, induce the enthusiastic readers to still wider reading. And also,to contribute to this feature themselves.

Readers are requested to give detailed information regarding the article condensed such as its publication details, etc., to Professor Sarnir Barua.
A Markov Chain application to academic manpower planning
Authors: Soyibo Adedoyin
Published: September 2016

The application of Markov Chain modelling to manpower planning in military, government, and business is about two decades old. This paper discusses the application of Markov Chain to academic manpower planning in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria over a five-year planning horizon. It attempts to balance academic manpower supply forecasts with demand forecasts for each faculty⁄college of the university and recommends its planning implications. Under the assumption that there will be no drastic change in the promotion and recruitment policies as well as the salary structure of the university, the paper determines the corresponding cost structures of the forecast requirements.
Frontiers of management research abroad
Authors: D'Souza Keith C.
Published: September 2016

“The whole in a nutshell!” That is Frontiers of management research abroad. To expose Indian readers to management research abroad we present in this feature jargon free summaries of recent research published in some of the world's leading management journals. These capsule summaries would, We hope, lead the enthusiastic readers to still wider reading. And also to contribute to this feature themselves.

Readers are requested to send condensed articles and their publication details to Professor Samir Barua.
Retorts and reflections
Authors: Bharat-Ram Vinay
Published: September 2016

The July-September 1983 issue of Vikalpa carried a review of Towards a theory of import substitution exchange rates and economic development by Vinay Bharat-Ram. The author offers retorts and reflections on the review.
Management of interorganizational arrangements for development
Authors: Naik Charu Sheela
Published: September 2016

The task of development presents a tremendous challenge to management science. Apart from resource mobilization and policy making, the management of organization networks engaged in development programmes is also an area of interest to development managers. An understanding of the nature and management of coordination in these organization networks is perhaps a critical issue. The paper proposes an input⁄output model qf the functioning of development programmes and attempts to explore various influences on the mode of managing interdependent behaviour of the organizations in the concerned networks. Some hypotheses are proposed to predict the complexity of the style of managing interdependence within the network.
Management advisory services and perceived audit independence: Evidence from an experiment
Authors: Ariyo Ademola
Published: September 2016

This paper reports the results of an experiment at the University of Arizona in which the perceived independence of certified public accounting (CPA) firms which provide management advisory services (MAS) to audit clients, was measured by auditing students. The results indicate that there are situations in which the CPA firm may be seen to be most (or least) independent. Also, the feared negative impact of MAS fees on perceptions of audit independence may have been exaggerated. Finally, the paper suggests an intra-CPA-firm organizational structure as a viable, non-regulatory alternative towards addressing the problem of apparent lack of independence when CPA firms render MAS to audit clients.
Diagnostic
Authors: Rao Ram Mohan
Published: September 2016

In this feature a caselet with rich policy implications is presented to a panel. The panelists diagnose the problem, analyse the causes, and make policy-level recommendations that go beyond the immediate situation presented

Readers are welcome to send interesting caselets (three copies) to the Editor for possible use.
Frontiers of Management Research Abroad
Authors: Thomas Philip S.
Published: September 2016

“The whole in a nutshell!” that is Frontiers of management research abroad. This feature presents jargon-free summaries of recent research published in some of the world's leading management journals.

Readers are welcome to send condensed articles (three copies) and their publication details to Professor Samir Barua.
Issues in the internationalization of Indian public enterprises
Authors: Chaudhuri Shekhar , Khandwalla Pradip N.
Published: September 2016

Several public enterprises (PEs) from the developing countries are internationalizing their operations, with a few even turning -into multinational corporations. The paper presents evidence from an exploratory study of 36 Indian PEs on their internationalization orientation, and discusses the motives as well as factors facilitating and inhibiting it. The organizational design appropriate for internationalization and some issues in the management of internationalization of PEs are discussed. It notes the potential opportunities and threats internationalizing PEs may pose to MNCs from developed countries and public policy issues pertaining to PE internationalization.