bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting implementation: comparing validated measures of intention and assessing the role of motivation when designing behavioral interventions
Authors: Fishman Jessica , Lushin Viktor , Mandell David S.
Published: September 2020

Background

Behavioral intention (which captures one’s level of motivation to perform a behavior) is considered a causal and proximal mechanism influencing the use of evidence-based practice (EBP). Implementation studies have measured intention differently, and it is unclear which is most predictive. Some use items referring to “evidence-based practice” in general, whereas others refer to a specific EBP. There are also unresolved debates about whether item stems should be worded “I intend to,” “I will,” or “How likely are you to” and if a single-item measure can suffice. Using each stem to refer to either a specific EBP or to “evidence-based practice,” this study compares the ability of these commonly used measures to predict future EBP implementation. The predictive validity is important for causal model testing and the development of effective implementation strategies.

Methods

A longitudinal study enrolled 70 teachers to track their use of two EBPs and compare the predictive validity of six different items measuring teachers’ intention. The measures differ by whether an item refers to a specific EBP, or to “evidence-based practices” in general, and whether the stem is worded in one of the three ways: “I intend to,” “I will,” or “How likely are you to.” For each item, linear regressions estimated the variance in future behavior explained. We also compared the predictive validity of a single item versus an aggregate of items by inter-correlating the items using different stems and estimating the explained variance in EBP implementation.

Results

Depending on the EBP and how intention was measured, the explained variance in implementation ranged from 3.5 to 29.0%. Measures that referred to a specific EBP, rather than “evidence-based practices” in general, accounted for more variance in implementation (e.g., 29.0% vs. 8.6%, and 11.3% vs. 3.5%). The predictive validity varied depending on whether stems were worded “I intend to,” “I will,” or “How likely are you to.”

Conclusions

The observed strength of the association between intentions and EBP use will depend on how intention is measured. The association was much stronger if an item referred to a specific EBP, rather than EBP in general. To predict implementation, the results support using an aggregate of two or three intention items that refer to the specific EBP. An even more pragmatic measure of intention consisting of a single item can also predict implementation. As discussed, the relationship will also vary depending on the EBP, which has direct implications for causal model testing and the design of implementation strategies.
Pyloric stenosis at a tertiary hospital in Uganda
Authors: Okello Innocent , Naluyimbazi Rovine , Massenga Alicia , Ullrich Sarah , Kakembo Nasser , Kisa Phyllis , Sekabira John , Nimanya Stella
Published: September 2020

Background

Worldwide, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis has an incidence of 3 in 1000 livebirths, with an unknown etiology. Even when babies present with characteristic symptoms, it is often misdiagnosed leading to late referral for appropriate surgical care. The purpose of this study was to document our experience in management of pyloric stenosis within our setting.

Results

A total of 33 patient records were reviewed. All the patients presented with non-bilious vomiting. The ratio of males to females was 4.5:1. Of these patients, 76% had electrolyte imbalance with low chloride count in the majority of patients. All the patients underwent an open Ramstedt pyloromyotomy, and 91% had a good outcome.

Conclusion

Management of IHPS has very good outcomes in our setting. Earlier referral of patients leads to improved outcomes.
New Horizons: Circadian Control of Metabolism Offers Novel Insight Into the Cause and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Deota Shaunak , Panda Satchidananda
Published: September 2020

Metabolic homeostasis is achieved by endocrine factors, signaling cascades, and metabolic pathways that sense and respond to metabolic demands in different organs. However, the recent discovery that almost every component of this regulatory system is also modulated by circadian rhythm highlights novel etiology and prognosis of metabolic diseases. First, chronic circadian rhythm disruption, as in shiftwork or shiftwork-like lifestyle, can increase the risk for metabolic diseases. Second, by understanding factors that affect circadian rhythm, we can implement new behavioral or pharmacological interventions for the prevention and management of metabolic disorders. One of these novel circadian-based interventions is time-restricted eating (TRE) in which all daily caloric intake is restricted to a consistent window of 8 to 12 hours. In preclinical animal models, TRE can prevent or reverse many metabolic diseases. Circadian research has also catalyzed attempts to optimally time the dosing of existing drugs to treat metabolic diseases or develop new drugs that target the circadian clock to treat metabolic disorders.
The Vitamin D Receptor in Osteoblast-Lineage Cells Is Essential for the Proresorptive Activity of 1α,25(OH)2D3 In Vivo
Authors: Mori Tomoki , Horibe Kanji , Koide Masanori , Uehara Shunsuke , Yamamoto Yoko , Kato Shigeaki , Yasuda Hisataka , Takahashi Naoyuki , Udagawa Nobuyuki , Nakamichi Yuko
Published: September 2020

We previously reported that daily administration of a pharmacological dose of eldecalcitol, an analog of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], increased bone mass by suppressing bone resorption. These antiresorptive effects were found to be mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in osteoblast-lineage cells. Using osteoblast-lineage-specific VDR conditional knockout (Ob-VDR-cKO) mice, we examined whether proresorptive activity induced by the high-dose 1α,25(OH)2D3 was also mediated by VDR in osteoblast-lineage cells. Administration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 (5 μg/kg body weight/day) to wild-type mice for 4 days increased the number of osteoclasts in bone and serum concentrations of C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I, a bone resorption marker). The stimulation of bone resorption was concomitant with the increase in serum calcium (Ca) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels, and decrease in body weight. This suggests that a toxic dose of 1α,25(OH)2D3 can induce bone resorption and hypercalcemia. In contrast, pretreatment of wild-type mice with neutralizing anti-receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) antibody inhibited the 1α,25(OH)2D3-induced increase of osteoclast numbers in bone, and increase of CTX-I, Ca, and FGF23 levels in serum. The pretreatment with anti-RANKL antibody also inhibited the 1α,25(OH)2D3-induced decrease in body weight. Consistent with observations in mice conditioned with anti-RANKL antibody, the high-dose administration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 to Ob-VDR-cKO mice failed to significantly increase bone osteoclast numbers, serum CTX-I, Ca, or FGF23 levels, and failed to reduce the body weight. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the proresorptive, hypercalcemic, and toxic actions of high-dose 1α,25(OH)2D3 are mediated by VDR in osteoblast-lineage cells.
Glycemic Response to Oral Dexamethasone Predicts Incident Prediabetes in Normoglycemic Subjects With Parental Diabetes
Authors: Nyenwe Ebenezer , James Deirdre , Wan Jim , Dagogo-Jack Sam
Published: September 2020

Background

Prediabetes, an often unrecognized precursor of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is associated with cardiometabolic complications. Here, we investigated the utility of dexamethasone challenge in predicting incident prediabetes among normoglycemic subjects with parental T2DM enrolled in the prospective Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort study.

Design and Methods

After documenting normoglycemic status with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), participants ingested dexamethasone (2 mg) at 10:00 pm, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG-Dex) and cortisol were measured at 8:00 am the next day. Subjects were followed quarterly for 5 years, the primary outcome being incident prediabetes. Serial assessments included body composition, blood chemistry, OGTT, insulin sensitivity, and secretion.

Results

We analyzed data from 190 participants (107 Black, 83 white; mean age 44.7 ± 10.0 years; body mass index [BMI] 29.8 ± 6.8 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose [FPG] 90.9 ± 5.7 mg/dL). Following dexamethasone ingestion, plasma cortisol was < 5 µg/dL; FPG-Dex levels displayed marked variability (81-145 mg/dL) as did delta FPG (–7 to +48 mg/dL). During 5 years of follow-up, 58 of 190 subjects (30.5%) progressed to prediabetes. FPG-Dex (116.8 ± 10.9 vs 106.9 ± 10.8 mg/dL, P < 0.0001) and delta FPG (23.4 ± 10.1 vs 17.0 ± 10.2 mg/dL, P < 0.0001) were higher in progressors than nonprogressors. FPG-Dex (P = 0.007) was an independent predictor of incident prediabetes in a multivariate model that included age, race, gender, BMI, waist circumference, FPG, insulin sensitivity, and secretion. In further analyses, an FPG-Dex level ≥ 107 mg/dL predicted incident prediabetes with 88% sensitivity and 49% specificity.

Conclusions

The glycemic response to dexamethasone significantly predicted incident prediabetes among offspring of parents with T2DM, and may be a tool for uncovering latent risk of dysglycemia.
Reevaluation of the Effect of Iodine on Thyroid Cell Survival and Function Using PCCL3 and Nthy-ori 3-1 Cells
Authors: Kurashige Tomomi , Shimamura Mika , Nagayama Yuji
Published: September 2020

The appropriate amount of iodine is critical for normal function of thyroid cells synthesizing thyroid hormones. Although normal thyroid cell lines such as rat PCCL3 and FRTL5 and human Nthy-ori 3-1 have been widely used for in vitro studies on physiological and pathophysiological effects of iodine on thyroid cells, we have recently pointed out the critical differences between FRTL5/PCCL3 cells and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. Therefore, we here directly compared some of the cellular characteristics—iodine uptake, differentiated status, iodine-induced cytotoxicity, and iodine-regulation of autophagy—between PCCL3 and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. PCCL3 cells express messenger RNAs for thyrotropin receptor and sodium/iodine symporter and incorporate iodine in a thyrotropin-dependent manner, whereas Nthy-ori 3-1 cells do not either. Nevertheless, both cells were comparably resistant to iodine cytotoxicity: Only far excess iodine (5 × 10–2 M) killed 20% to 40% cells in 24 hours with perchlorate exhibiting no effect, suggesting this cytotoxic effect is due to extracellular iodine. In contrast, a wide range of iodine (5 × 10–9 to 5 × 10–2 M) induced autophagy in PCCL3 cells, which was abolished by perchlorate, indicating intracellular iodine-induction of autophagy, but this effect was not observed in Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. In conclusion, it is critical to discriminate the effect of iodine incorporated into cells from that of extracellular iodine on thyroid cells. Iodine-uptake competent thyroid cells such as PCCL3 and FRTL5 cells, not Nthy-ori 3-1 cells, should be used for studies on iodine effect on thyroid cells.
Peripheral Neuropathies Associated With Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: Naddaf Elie , Mauermann Michelle L.
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Neurologists commonly evaluate patients with a monoclonal gammopathy and peripheral neuropathy. As both monoclonal gammopathy and peripheral neuropathy are common in the general population, their coexistence may, in some instances, be purely coincidental. However, monoclonal gammopathies or underlying lymphoplasmacytic disorders can affect the peripheral nervous system by various mechanisms. This article discusses how to approach patients with monoclonal gammopathy and peripheral neuropathy, highlighting clinical and laboratory clues that may aid in establishing a diagnosis in a timely manner.

RECENT FINDINGS

From a hematologic standpoint, a monoclonal gammopathy may be of undetermined significance or can be associated with an underlying myeloma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, or amyloidosis. Each of these conditions can cause peripheral neuropathy, with varying clinical and electrodiagnostic profiles. Treatment usually consists of treating the underlying hematologic disorder. IgM-associated peripheral neuropathy may not require treatment from a hematologic standpoint, and only anecdotal evidence exists for the use of immunotherapy in such patients. Therefore, treatment should be determined on a case-by-case basis.

Evaluating for an association between a monoclonal gammopathy and a peripheral neuropathy in a patient depends on the monoclonal gammopathy subtype and the clinical and electrodiagnostic characteristics of the peripheral neuropathy.
A Structured Approach to the Diagnosis of Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
Authors: London Zachary N.
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Neuroanatomic localization and pattern recognition can be used to diagnose both focal lesions and generalized disorders of the peripheral nervous system. This article describes the nature and pattern of sensory and motor deficits associated with lesions of specific spinal nerve roots, plexus, or peripheral nerves. It also describes the patterns of sensory and motor deficits that suggest multifocal or generalized disorders of the motor neurons, sensory neurons, and peripheral nerves.

RECENT FINDINGS

The pattern of sensory and motor deficits may be used to distinguish lesions of the peripheral nervous system from those of the central nervous system. The spinal roots, nerve plexus, and peripheral nerves supply specific muscles and receive sensory input from distinctive cutaneous regions. Focal lesions of these structures therefore produce characteristic patterns of sensory and motor deficits. Multifocal or generalized disorders of the peripheral nervous system may be distinguished by categorizing their sensory and motor involvement, proximal and distal predominance, and degree of symmetry. Serum tests, CSF analysis, electrodiagnostic studies, MRI, ultrasound, nerve biopsy, and skin biopsy have unique roles in the diagnosis of suspected neuromuscular disorders.

A structured approach to the diagnosis of nerve and motor neuron disorders can lead to hypothesis-driven diagnostic testing. Ancillary tests should be reserved for cases in which confirming or refuting a diagnosis will change patient management.
The Gridlock transcriptional repressor impedes vertebrate heart regeneration by restricting expression of lysine methyltransferase
Authors: She Peilu , Zhang Huifang , Peng Xiangwen , Sun Jianjian , Gao Bangjun , Zhou Yating , Zhu Xuejiao , Hu Xueli , Lai Kaa Seng , Wong Jiemin , Zhou Bin , Wang Linhui , Zhong Tao P.
Published: September 2020

Teleost zebrafish and neonatal mammalian hearts exhibit the remarkable capacity to regenerate through dedifferentiation and proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes (CMs). Although many mitogenic signals that stimulate zebrafish heart regeneration have been identified, transcriptional programs that restrain injury-induced CM renewal are incompletely understood. Here, we report that mutations in gridlock (grl; also known as hey2), encoding a Hairy-related basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor, enhance CM proliferation and reduce fibrosis following damage. In contrast, myocardial grl induction blunts CM dedifferentiation and regenerative responses to heart injury. RNA sequencing analyses uncover Smyd2 lysine methyltransferase (KMT) as a key transcriptional target repressed by Grl. Reduction in Grl protein levels triggered by injury induces smyd2 expression at the wound myocardium, enhancing CM proliferation. We show that Smyd2 functions as a methyltransferase and modulates the Stat3 methylation and phosphorylation activity. Inhibition of the KMT activity of Smyd2 reduces phosphorylated Stat3 at cardiac wounds, suppressing the elevated CM proliferation in injured grl mutant hearts. Our findings establish an injury-specific transcriptional repression program in governing CM renewal during heart regeneration, providing a potential strategy whereby silencing Grl repression at local regions might empower regeneration capacity to the injured mammalian heart.
Functions of Wnt and Hedgehog-containing extracellular vesicles in development and disease
Authors: Matusek Tamás , Marcetteau Julien , Thérond Pascal P.
Published: September 2020

Secreted morphogens play a major role in the intercellular communication necessary for animal development. It was initially thought that, in order to organize tissue morphogenesis and control cell fate and proliferation, morphogens diffused freely in the extracellular space. This view has since changed following the discovery that morphogens of the Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) families are modified by various lipid adducts during their biosynthesis, providing them with high affinity for the membrane bilayer. Recent work performed in model organisms suggests that Wnt and Hh proteins are carried on extracellular vesicles. In this Review, we provide our perspectives on the mechanisms of formation of Wnt- and Hh-containing extracellular vesicles, and discuss their functions during animal development, as well as in various human physiopathologies.
Early-life hypoxia alters adult physiology and reduces stress resistance and lifespan in Drosophila
Authors: Polan Danielle M. , Alansari Mohammad , Lee Byoungchun , Grewal Savraj
Published: September 2020

In many animals, short-term fluctuations in environmental conditions in early life often exert long-term effects on adult physiology. In Drosophila, one ecologically relevant environmental variable is hypoxia. Drosophila larvae live on rotting, fermenting food rich in microorganisms – an environment characterized by low ambient oxygen. They have therefore evolved to tolerate hypoxia. While the acute effects of hypoxia in larvae have been well studied, whether early-life hypoxia affects adult physiology and fitness is less clear. Here we show that Drosophila exposed to hypoxia during their larval period subsequently show reduced starvation stress resistance and shorter lifespan as adults, with these effects being stronger in males. We find that these effects are associated with reduced whole-body insulin signaling but elevated TOR kinase activity, a manipulation known to reduce lifespan. We also identify a sexually dimorphic effect of larval hypoxia on adult nutrient storage and mobilization. Thus, we find that males, but not females, show elevated levels of lipids and glycogen. Moreover, we see that both males and females exposed to hypoxia as larvae show defective lipid mobilization upon starvation stress as adults. These data show how early-life hypoxia can exert persistent, sexually dimorphic, long-term effects on Drosophila adult physiology and lifespan.
Liquidity versus Wealth in Household Debt Obligations: Evidence from Housing Policy in the Great Recession
Authors: Ganong Peter , Noel Pascal
Published: September 2020

We exploit variation in mortgage modifications to disentangle the impact of reducing long-term obligations with no change in short-term payments (“wealth”), and reducing short-term payments with no change in long-term obligations (“liquidity”). Using regression discontinuity and difference-in-differences research designs with administrative data measuring default and consumption, we find that principal reductions that increase wealth without affecting liquidity have no effect, while maturity extensions that increase only liquidity have large effects. This suggests that liquidity drives default and consumption decisions for borrowers in our sample and that distressed debt restructurings can be redesigned with substantial gains to borrowers, lenders, and taxpayers. (JEL E21, G21, G51, R38)
Solution structure and RNA-binding of a minimal ProQ-homolog fromLegionella pneumophila(Lpp1663)
Authors: Immer Carina , Hacker Carolin , Wöhnert Jens
Published: September 2020

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play an important role for posttranscriptional gene regulation in bacteria. sRNAs recognize their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by base-pairing, which is often facilitated by interactions with the bacterial RNA-binding proteins Hfq or ProQ. The FinO/ProQ RNA-binding protein domain was first discovered in the bacterial repressor of conjugation, FinO. Since then, the functional role of FinO/ProQ-like proteins in posttranscriptional gene regulation was extensively studied in particular in the enterobacteriaE. coliandSalmonella entericaand a wide range of sRNA-targets was identified for these proteins. In addition, enterobacterial ProQ homologs also recognize and protect the 3′-ends of a number of mRNAs from exonucleolytic degradation. However, the RNA-binding properties of FinO/ProQ proteins with regard to the recognition of different RNA targets are not yet fully understood. Here, we present the solution NMR structure of the so far functionally uncharacterized ProQ homolog Lpp1663 fromLegionella pneumophilaas a newly confirmed member and a minimal model system of the FinO/ProQ protein family. In addition, we characterize the RNA-binding preferences of Lpp1663 with high resolution NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Our results suggest a binding preference for single-stranded uridine-rich RNAs in the vicinity of stable stem–loop structures. According to chemical shift perturbation experiments, the single-stranded U-rich RNAs interact mainly with a conserved RNA-binding surface on the concave site of Lpp1663.
Εφευρέσεις επί εμβολίων κατά του ιού SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lefakis (Λέανδρος Λεφάκης) Leandros
Published: September 2020

The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the new pandemic that humanity is called upon to deal with. The special characteristics of the virus in combination with the absence of effective antiviral medication and vaccine, make the disease a significant threat to global health. This paper addresses the issue of innovation in the midst of a pandemic in the field of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, namely vaccines for the SARS-CoV-2 virus and how these could become public goods that will be provided without expected profit, considered global public goods. The issue is so crucial for public health that the State and the international community are called upon to contribute to research and development, in terms of participating in the business risk of the industry (with public funding), but also to intervene to protection of the global good of public health, possibly considering compulsory patent licensing solutions that will result from vaccine research.
Κριτήρια επιλογής των ασθενών στις ΜΕΘ εν μέσω SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
Authors: Salamoura (Μαρία Σαλαμούρα) Maria
Published: September 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused an unprecedented global pandemic in size, spread rate, severity and mortality. Humanity is facing a new challenge. The mass arrival of patients to hospitals with serious or even life-threatening illness has led to a reduction in the available medical equipment. Measures taken by the state are not enough to reduce the incidences of coronavirus. Additionally, the individual responsibility plays an important role in managing and dealing with the pandemic. The medical staff was often led to difficult decisions, such as which patients should be admitted to the ICU in a crisis period or how many patients need respiratory assistance. Such situations raise important bioethical issues, which we will study in more detail in this article.
Εισαγωγικό σημείωμα του ειδικού τεύχους για την κοινωνική και αλληλέγγυα οικονομία
Authors: Afouxenidis Alex , Petrou Michael , Kavoulakos Karolos Iosif
Published: September 2020

Αυτό το ειδικό τεύχος της Επιθεώρησης Κοινωνικών Ερευνών είναι αφιερωμένο στην κοινωνική και αλληλέγγυα οικονομία (ΚΑΟ). Η ιδέα για το τεύχος προήλθε από τη διεξαγωγή συνεδρίου με αυτό το θέμα που διοργανώθηκε στην Αθήνα  στις 13 και 14 Μαρτίου 2019 από το ΕΚΚΕ σε συνεργασία με το Τμήμα Πολιτικών Επιστημών του ΑΠΘ. Η ΚΑΟ είναι ουσιαστικά μια περιγραφική έννοια, η οποία μας βοηθά να αναλύσουμε και, ενδεχομένως, να κατανοήσουμε καλύτερα τις πολλαπλές μορφές που παίρνουν σήμερα οι συλλογικότητες, οι συνεταιρισμοί και οι μη κερδοσκοπικές ενώσεις και επιχειρήσεις λειτουργώντας μέσα σε ένα διαρκώς εναλλασσόμενο κοινωνικό και πολιτικό περιβάλλον.
Οι αστικοί υπαίθριοι χώροι ως κοινά: H περίπτωση του αυτοδιαχειριζόμενου πάρκου Ναυαρίνου
Authors: Arvanitidis Paschalis A. , Papagiannitsis George
Published: September 2020

Η διαμόρφωση κοινών στους κενούς, ανοιχτούς, αστικούς χώρους αποτελεί μια καινοτόμο λύση για τη βιώσιμη διαχείρισή τους και την αντιμετώπιση των περιβαλλοντικών, οικονομικών και κοινωνικών προκλήσεων που αντιμετωπίζουν οι πόλεις. Η εργασία εστιάζει στο αυτοδιαχειριζόμενο πάρκο Ναυαρίνου για να συζητήσει το ζήτημα, να αποτιμήσει την εμπειρία του και να προτείνει ενδεχόμενες πολιτικές για επιτυχείς τέτοιες δράσεις. Ειδικότερα υιοθετεί το μεθοδολογικό πλαίσιο SES της Οστρομικής προσέγγισης για να σκιαγραφήσει το Πάρκο ως κοινό και να αναλύσει τα στοιχεία του. Συμπεραίνεται ότι το Πάρκο διαμορφώνει έναν λειτουργικό και αξιόπιστο θεσμό και, ως εκ τούτου, ενδεδειγμένη παρέμβαση αποτελεί η αναγνώριση των συλλογικών δικαιωμάτων και πρακτικών και η διαμόρφωση ενός θεσμικού πλαισίου που να επιτρέπει τέτοια εγχειρήματα να ευδοκιμήσουν.
sPop: Age-structured discrete-time population dynamics model in C, Python, and R
Authors: Erguler Kamil
Published: September 2020

This article describes the sPop packages implementing the deterministic and stochastic versions of an age-structured discrete-time population dynamics model. The packages enable mechanistic modelling of a population by monitoring the age and development stage of each individual. Survival and development are included as the main effectors and they progress at a user-defined pace: follow a fixed rate, delay for a given time, or progress at an age-dependent manner. The model is implemented in C, Python, and R with a uniform design to ease usage and facilitate adoption. Early versions of the model were previously employed for investigating climate-driven population dynamics of the tiger mosquito and the chikungunya disease spread by this vector. The sPop packages presented in this article enable the use of the model in a range of applications extending from vector-borne diseases towards any age-structured population including plant and animal populations, microbial dynamics, host-pathogen interactions, infectious diseases, and other time-dependent epidemiological processes.
Association between socioeconomic factors and soft drink consumption among adults in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Laohasiriwong Wonga , Samphors Sim , Chamroen Pall , Pisey Vong , Dewey Rebecca S.
Published: September 2020

Background: Soft drinks are an attractive and popular drink, consumed by many people to fulfill their energy. However, soft drink consumption is an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic factors and soft drink consumption among adults in Cambodia. 

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study with multi-stage random sampling was used to select 749 respondents from 12 communes across 5 districts in Phnom Penh, the capital city of Cambodia. A structured questionnaire was used to assess socioeconomic factors and soft drink consumption. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confident intervals (CI) were calculated to show the strength of associations.

Results: The overall prevalence of soft drink consumption was 44.73% (95%CI: 41.16-48.30%) across the sample population. The final model of multiple logistic regression showed only four factors to be significantly associated with soft drink consumption: gender, age, family size and income. Respondents most likely to consume soft drinks were men (AOR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.10-2.00; p=0.009), those aged 31-59 years (AOR: 1.93, 95%CI: 1.98-4.62; p<0.001), those in a household of less than 5 individuals (AOR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.44-3.19; p=0.036), and those earning <300$/month (AOR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.10-2.31; p=0.003).

Conclusion: The prevalence of soft drink consumption in Cambodia is a major concern for public health. The predictive factors significantly associated with soft drink consumption identified by this study were gender, age, household size and income. Therefore, all stakeholders should contribute to social marketing and intervention focusing on reducing the consumption of soft drinks through advertising on social media, television and other popular media platforms. Furthermore, additional taxation of soft drinks should be considered.
Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with understanding fast food consumption among adults in Cambodia
Authors: Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Samphors Sim , Chamroen Pall , S. Dewey Rebecca , Rachutorn Thiwakorn , Pisey Vong
Published: September 2020

Background: Over the past decades, fast food has been rapidly gaining popularity and availability worldwide. Its consequential impact on human health is among the highest in terms of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the level of understanding of fast food consumption among adults in Phnom Penh, the capital city of Cambodia.

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study aimed to investigate the level of understanding of factors associated with fast food consumption, among adults in Phnom Penh. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select 749 respondents from 12 communes of five districts in Phnom Penh. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the level of understanding of fast food consumption, and associated factors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, together with bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Crude odds ratios (CORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confident intervals (CI) were calculated to show the strength of associations.

Results: The understanding of factors associated with fast food consumption was poor in 52.07% (95% CI: 48.48-55.66), fair in 22.70% (95% CI: 19.69-25.70) and good in 25.23% (95% CI: 22.12-28.35) of those surveyed. After adjusting for other covariates, unsatisfactory levels of knowledge around fast food consumption were found to be significantly associated with not taking regular exercise (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.15-2.25; p<0.001) and sleeping less than eight hours per night (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.09-2.12; p=0.014).

Conclusion: Health promotion and disease prevention should be conducted among at-risk populations in order to raise the level of understanding of factors around fast food consumption.
RNA-Seq analysis of genes affected by Cyclophilin A/DIAGEOTROPICA (DGT) in tomato root development
Authors: Ivanchenko Maria G. , Ozguc Olivia R. , Bollmann Stephanie R. , Fraser Valerie N. , Megraw Molly
Published: September 2020

Cyclophilin A/DIAGEOTROPICA (DGT) has been linked to auxin-regulated development in tomato and appears to affect multiple developmental pathways. Loss of DGT function results in a pleiotropic phenotype that is strongest in the roots, including shortened roots with no lateral branching. Here, we present an RNA-Seq dataset comparing the gene expression profiles of wildtype (‘Ailsa Craig’) and dgt tissues from three spatially separated developmental stages of the tomato root tip, with three replicates for each tissue and genotype. We also identify differentially expressed genes, provide an initial comparison of genes affected in each genotype and tissue, and provide the pipeline used to analyze the data. Further analysis of this dataset can be used to gain insight into the effects of DGT on various root developmental pathways in tomato.
The effect of non-pharmacologic strategies on prevention or management of intensive care unit delirium: a systematic review
Authors: Cupka Julie S , Hashemighouchani Haleh , Lipori Jessica , Ruppert Matthew M. , Bhaskar Ria , Ozrazgat-Baslanti Tezcan , Rashidi Parisa , Bihorac Azra
Published: September 2020

Background: Post-operative delirium is a common complication among adult patients in the intensive care unit. Current literature does not support the use of pharmacologic measures to manage this condition, and several studies explore the potential for the use of non-pharmacologic methods such as early mobility plans or environmental modifications. The aim of this systematic review is to examine and report on recently available literature evaluating the relationship between non-pharmacologic management strategies and the reduction of delirium in the intensive care unit.

Methods: Six major research databases were systematically searched for articles analyzing the efficacy of non-pharmacologic delirium interventions in the past five years. Search results were restricted to adult human patients aged 18 years or older in the intensive care unit setting, excluding terminally ill subjects and withdrawal-related delirium. Following title, abstract, and full text review, 27 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and are included in this report.

Results: The 27 reviewed articles consist of 12 interventions with a single-component investigational approach, and 15 with multi-component bundled protocols. Delirium incidence was the most commonly assessed outcome followed by duration. Family visitation was the most effective individual intervention while mobility interventions were the least effective. Two of the three family studies significantly reduced delirium incidence, while one in five mobility studies did the same. Multi-component bundle approaches were the most effective of all; of the reviewed studies, eight of 11 bundles significantly improved delirium incidence and seven of eight bundles decreased the duration of delirium.

Conclusions: Multi-component, bundled interventions were more effective at managing intensive care unit delirium than those utilizing an approach with a single interventional element. Although better management of this condition suggests a decrease in resource burden and improvement in patient outcomes, comparative research should be performed to identify the importance of specific bundle elements.
Adverse events following measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine: an independent perspective on Italian pharmacovigilance data
Authors: Bellavite Paolo , Donzelli Alberto
Published: September 2020

Vaccine surveillance programs are crucial for the analysis of the vaccine’s safety profile and the guidance of health policies. The Epidemiological Observatory of the Italian Apulia Region carried out an active surveillance program of adverse effects following immunization (AEFI) after the first dose of the measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine, finding 462 AEFIs per 1000 doses, with 11% rated serious. Applying the World Health Organization (WHO) causality assessment algorithm, 38 serious AEFIs/1000 enrolled were classified as ‘consistent causal associations’ with MMRV immunization. Severe hyperpyrexia, neurological symptoms and gastrointestinal diseases occurred in 38, 20 and 15 cases/1000 enrolled, respectively. A projection of such AEFIs in an Italian birth cohort would give tens of thousands of serious AEFIs. These incidence data are much greater than the incidence of serious AEFIs reported by the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) for years 2017 and 2018, mainly based on passive (or mixed) pharmacovigilance. In a previous epidemiological study in the same Italian Region, during an eight year passive surveillance, the reporting rate of serious AEFI was 0.06/1000 doses, and no cases of febrile seizures were detected applying the WHO algorithm. Taken together, the data suggest that passive pharmacovigilance is utterly inadequate to document the real incidence of serious AEFIs and that current methods of assessing causality may be questioned. Active surveillance programs are required in representative population samples, with results presented separately from those of spontaneous reporting, and causality assessment should be performed carefully and using a correct technique for AEFIs presenting as complex and multifactorial diseases, like those with serious neurologic disorders.
Variations in MHC class I antigen presentation and immunopeptidome selection pathways
Authors: Zaitouna Anita J. , Kaur Amanpreet , Raghavan Malini
Published: September 2020

Major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) proteins mediate immunosurveillance against pathogens and cancers by presenting antigenic or mutated peptides to antigen receptors of CD8+ T cells and by engaging receptors of natural killer (NK) cells. In humans, MHC-I molecules are highly polymorphic. MHC-I variations permit the display of thousands of distinct peptides at the cell surface. Recent mass spectrometric studies have revealed unique and shared characteristics of the peptidomes of individual MHC-I variants. The cell surface expression of MHC-I–peptide complexes requires the functions of many intracellular assembly factors, including the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin, calreticulin, ERp57, TAP-binding protein related (TAPBPR), endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAPs), and the proteasomes. Recent studies provide important insights into the structural features of these factors that govern MHC-I assembly as well as the mechanisms underlying peptide exchange. Conformational sensing of MHC-I molecules mediates the quality control of intracellular MHC-I assembly and contributes to immune recognition by CD8 at the cell surface. Recent studies also show that several MHC-I variants can follow unconventional assembly routes to the cell surface, conferring selective immune advantages that can be exploited for immunotherapy.
Corticosteroid injections during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: McKean David , Chung Siok Li , Fairhead Rory , Bannister Oliver , Magliano Malgorzata , Papanikitas Joseph , Wong Nick , Hughes Richard
Published: September 2020

Aims

To describe the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes related to COVID-19 infection following corticosteroid injections (CSI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. To describe the incidence of positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, positive SARS-COV2 IgG antibody testing or positive imaging findings following CSI at our institution during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was undertaken of consecutive patients who had CSI in our local hospitals between 1 February and 30June 2020. Electronic patient medical records (EPR) and radiology information system (RIS) database were reviewed. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, SARS-COV2 IgG antibody testing, radiological investigations, patient management, and clinical outcomes were recorded. Lung findings were categorized according to the British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) guidelines. Reference was made to the incidence of lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases in our region.

Results

Overall, 1,656 lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified in our upper tier local authority (UTLA), a rate of 306.6 per 100,000, as of 30June 2020. A total of 504 CSI injections were performed on 443 patients between 1 February and 30June 2020. A total of 11 RT-PCR tests were performed on nine patients (2% of those who had CSI), all of which were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and five patients (1.1%) received an SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody test, of which 2 (0.5%) were positive consistent with prior COVID-19 infection, however both patients were asymptomatic. Seven patients (1.6%) had radiological investigations for respiratory symptoms. One patient with indeterminate ground glass change was identified.

Conclusion

The incidence of positive COVID-19 infection following corticosteroid injections was very low in our cohort and no adverse clinical outcomes related to COVID-19 infection following CSI were identified. Our findings are consistent with CSI likely being low risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this small observational study are supportive of the current multi-society guidelines regarding the judicious use of CSI. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:605–611.
Berichtigung
Authors: -- -
Published: September 2020

Berichtigung zu: Fritz Rollberg: Johann Ambrosius Bach, Stadtpfeifer zu Eisenach von 1671-1695. BJ 1927, S. 133-152
Das Thema in der Fuge Bachs II.
Authors: Souchay Marc-André
Published: September 2020

Bezugnehmend auf: Marc-André Souchay: Das Thema in der Fuge Bachs. BJ 1927, S. 1-102
Die Viola pomposa
Authors: Husmann Heinrich
Published: September 2020

Vergleiche auch: Ulrich Drüner: Violoncello piccolo und Viola pomposa bei Johann Sebastian Bach. Zu Fragen von Identität und Spielweisen dieser Instrumente. BJ 1987, S. 85-112.
Bach und das Symbol. 3. Studie: Psychologische Grundlegung des Symbolbegriffs aus Christian Wolffs "Psychologia empirica"
Authors: Schering Arnold
Published: September 2020

Bezugnehmend auf: Arnold Schering: Bach und das Symbol, insbesondere die Symbolik seines Kanons. BJ 1925, S. 40-63

Arnold Schering: Bach und das Symbol (2. Studie). BJ 1928, S. 119-137
Welche unter J. S. Bachs Namen geführten Orgelwerke sind Johann Tobias bzw. Johann Ludwig Krebs zuzuschreiben?
Authors: Tittel Karl
Published: September 2020

Erwähnte Artikel: Hans Löffler: Johann Ludwig Krebs. Mitteilungen über sein Leben und Wirken. BJ 1930, S. 100-129

Hermann Keller: Unechte Orgelwerke Bachs. BJ 1937, S. 59-82

Hans Löffler: Johann Tobias Krebs und Matthias Sojka, zwei Schüler Joh. Seb. Bachs. BJ 1940-48, S. 136-148
Bach und die Lutherschriften seiner Bibliothek
Authors: Leaver Robin A.
Published: September 2020

Die Schriften von Martin Luther stellen den wichtigsten Bestand unter den theologischen Büchern in Bachs Bibliothek dar. Er besaß zwei große Ausgaben von Luthers Gesammelten Werken, die Jenaer und (ab 1742, durch einen Auktionsbeleg belegt) die Altenburger Ausgabe. Die Vervollständigung eines Lutherzitats, das Bach in seiner Calov-Bibel notiert hat, zeugt von seinem intensiven Luther-Studium. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)

 

Vergleiche auch: Thomas Wilhelmi: Bachs Bibliothek. Eine Weiterführung der Arbeit von Hans Preuß. BJ 1979, S. 107-130
Über einige neue Aspekte zur Quellenüberlieferung von Klavier- und Orgelwerken Johann Sebastian Bachs
Authors: Kilian Dietrich
Published: September 2020

Die Bedeutung des Begriffs "Originalhandschrift" ist in einem weiteren Sinne zu verstehen als bisher angenommen. Sich kategorisch auf "das Autograf" zu beziehen, wirft ein Problem auf, da es oft zwei Autografe gibt. Ebenso ist die Anzahl der unter Bachs Aufsicht hergestellten autorisierten Kopien, die die Korrekturen des Komponisten enthalten, viel größer als bisher angenommen. Diese Situation erklärt die große Anzahl von Varianten, die eine Abhängigkeitsbestimmung der Quellen so kompliziert machen, wie die Orgelsonaten BWV 525-530 veranschaulichen. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Ein langsamer Konzertsatz Johann Sebastian Bachs
Authors: Rifkin Joshua
Published: September 2020

Die Komposition, die sowohl als Eröffnungssinfonia der Kantate BWV 156 als auch als Mittelsatz des Cembalokonzerts BWV 1056 übermittelt wird, stellt ein ungelöstes Problem unter Bachs Instrumentalwerken dar. Sowohl der Ursprung als auch die Beziehung zwischen den beiden Versionen sind unklar. Ein Vergleich der Lesarten, kombiniert mit einer genauen Betrachtung des Autografs zu BWV 1056/2, führt jedoch zu dem Schluss, dass das Stück als langsamer Satz eines Oboenkonzertes in d-Moll entstanden sein muss. Die äußeren Sätze dieses Konzerts scheinen in den beiden Sinfonien der Kantate BWV 35 zu überleben und ermöglichen eine Rekonstruktion des gesamten Werkes (als heutiges BWV 1059E). (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Anmerkung zur späteren Geschichte der alten Bach-Ausgabe: ein kleines bibliographisches Rätsel
Authors: Marshall Robert L.
Published: September 2020

Eine stichprobenartige Prüfung von zwei Exemplaren der "Einzel-Ausgabe" der BG-Ausgabe der Kantate BWV 105 ergab, dass (1) sich die beiden Exemplare im Detail unterschieden und (2) keine in jeder Hinsicht mit der von W. Rust für BG 23 erstellten Ausgabe identisch waren. Es ist möglich, dass der anonyme Herausgeber von "Kopie 2", der die Typographie der BG teilt, aber eine Reihe von abweichenden Lesarten aufweist, A. Schering war. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Zur Ausführung des "Corne da Caccia" im Quoniam der Missa h-Moll von J. S. Bach
Authors: Damm Peter
Published: September 2020

Die neue Interpretation, die die Hornpartie im "Quoniam" der H-Moll-Messe BWV 232 als für ein Horn in D-alto geschrieben wurde, also eine Oktave höher gespielt wird als bisher üblich, kann aus historischen, ästhetischen und praktischen Erwägungen widerlegt werden. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
"Ut probus & doctus reddar."
Authors: Petzoldt Martin
Published: September 2020

Die Behandlung dieses vielschichtigen Themas erfordert die Zusammenfassung zahlreicher entscheidender Details zu persönlichen Zeugnissen, Lehrplänen und Schulliteratur sowie theologischen Interpretationen verschiedener Schulen. Das System der schulischen Bildung in Lüneburg wird aus den verfügbaren Dokumenten beschrieben; für Eisenach und Ohrdruf werden Andreas Reyhers Reformvorhaben und Materialien zur persönlichen Geschichte herangezogen. Frömmigkeit, Lerneifer und Befähigung zu höherer Bildung werden als Ziele erkannt. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)

 

Vergleiche auch: Rainer Kaiser: Johann Sebastian Bach als Schüler einer "deutschen Schule" in Eisenach? BJ 1994, S. 177-184
Bach-Doppelfund: Verschollene Gerber-Abschrift (BWV 914 und 996) und unbekannte Choralsammlung Christian Friedrich Penzels
Authors: Wiemer Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

Der Autor dieses Aufsatzes kam 1984 in den Besitz von zwei Bachquellen. Die erste ist eine Kopie der Toccata BWV 914 und der Suite BWV 996 aus der Hand von Bachs Schüler Heinrich Nicolaus Gerber; diese Quelle galt jahrzehntelang als verloren. Das zweite Manuskript ist eine 1780 zusammengetragene Sammlung von mehr als 100 vierstimmigen Chorälen. Die meisten davon stammen von Johann Sebastian Bach; 32 bisher unbekannte Sätze sind - trotz gewisser Kompositionsfehler - möglicherweise auch auf Bach zurückzuführen. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)
Violoncello piccolo und Viola pomposa bei Johann Sebastian Bach
Authors: Drüner Ulrich
Published: September 2020

Überkommene Dokumente aus dem 18. Jahrhundert lassen viele Fragen zum Bau des Violoncello piccolo und der Viola pomposa und zur Spieltechnik dieser Instrumente offen. Eine sorgfältige Untersuchung aller relevanten verfügbaren Instrumente, Musik und Literaturhinweise zeigt, dass es notwendig ist, nicht zwei verschiedene Arten von Instrumenten zu unterscheiden, wie es bisher üblich war, sondern drei. Was man heute als "Bachs Violoncello piccolo" bezeichnen könnte - ein Instrument von relativ kleinen Abmessungen, das beim Spielen am Arm gehalten wird -, verdient besondere Aufmerksamkeit. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)

Vergleiche auch: Heinrich Husmann: Die Viola pomposa. BJ 1936, S. 90-100.
Die Brüder Johann, Christoph und Heinrich Bach und die "Erffurthische musicalische Compagnie"
Authors: Brück Helga
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag versucht anhand von Archivalien einige Ungereimtheiten der innerfamiliären Bach'schen Überlieferung zu den ersten musikalisch tätigen Vertretern der Familie in Erfurt zu klären.

 

Erwähnte Artikel: Fritz Wiegand: Die mütterlichen Verwandten Johann Sebastian Bachs in Erfurt. BJ 1967, S. 5-20

Siegfried Orth: Zu den Erfurter Jahren Johann Bernhard Bachs (1676-1749). BJ 1971, S. 106-111

Siegfried Orth: Johann Bach, der Stammvater der Erfurter Bache. BJ 1973, S. 79-87