bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational citizenship behaviour and job satisfaction: The impact of occupational future time perspective
Authors: Weikamp Julia G , Göritz Anja S
Published: May 2016

This study examines how occupational future time perspective (OFTP) affects organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and job satisfaction. OFTP reflects how much time and how many opportunities people perceive themselves as having left in their occupational future. OCB comprises extra-role behaviours that aim to support other individuals in the organization (OCBI) and the organization as a whole (OCBO). Socioemotional selectivity theory posits that people with an open-ended OFTP strive for knowledge-oriented goals (i.e. OCBO). In contrast, people with a constrained OFTP strive for emotion-oriented goals (i.e. OCBI). Thus, the more people perceive their OFTP as open-ended, the more they should show OCBO rather than OCBI. Applying a motivational OFTP approach to job satisfaction, the greater the open-ended people’s OFTP, the more they should be satisfied with their job if they show more OCBO than OCBI because they can pursue their own goals. Findings support our hypotheses for people’s perceived remaining opportunities in their occupational future. Herein, we discuss theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
A progressive intra- and inter-laminar damage model to predict the effect of out-of-plane confinement on pin-bearing behaviour of laminated composites
Authors: Le Goff Erwann , Bois Christophe , Wargnier Hervé
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a progressive intra- and inter-laminar damage model is proposed to study the effect of out-of-plane confinement on the pin-bearing behaviour of laminated composite. The constitutive law for fibre direction is formulated at the ply scale and is related to classical models dealing with matrix and inter-laminar damage. The influence of shear and transverse stresses on fibre damage is represented through a modified damage evolution law. Specific issues resulting from the use of a softening law in a structural analysis are discussed from a physical point of view in order to select a relevant modelling strategy whose limitations are well understood. The experimental procedure is based on an extensive set of tests in order to identify separately most of the material constants. Pin-bearing tests on configurations with and without confinement are used to evaluate the model performances. Results show the model’s ability to predict the damage scenario and the loss of stiffness implied by first damage stages.
Amelogenin-Ameloblastin Spatial Interaction around Maturing Enamel Rods
Authors: Mazumder P. , Prajapati S. , Bapat R. , Moradian-Oldak J.
Published: May 2016

Amelogenin and ameloblastin are 2 extracellular matrix proteins that are essential for the proper development of enamel. We recently reported that amelogenin and ameloblastin colocalized during the secretory stage of enamel formation when nucleation of enamel crystallites occurs. Direct interactions between the 2 proteins have been also demonstrated in our in vitro studies. Here, we explore interactions between their fragments during enamel maturation. We applied in vivo immunofluorescence imaging, quantitative co-localization analysis, and a new FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) technique to demonstrate ameloblastin and amelogenin interaction in the maturing mouse enamel. Using immunochemical analysis of protein samples extracted from 8-d-old (P8) first molars from mice as a model for maturation-stage enamel, we identified the ~17-kDa ameloblastin (Ambn-N) and the TRAP (tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide) fragments. We used Ambn-N18 and Ambn-M300 antibodies raised against the N-terminal and C-terminal segments of ameloblastin, as well as Amel-FL and Amel-C19 antibodies against full-length recombinant mouse amelogenin (rM179) and C-terminal amelogenin, respectively. In transverse sections, co-localization images of N-terminal fragments of amelogenin and ameloblastin around the prism boundary revealed the “fish net” pattern of the enamel matrix. Using in vivo FRET microscopy, we further demonstrated spatial interactions between amelogenin and ameloblastin N-terminal fragments. In the maturing mouse enamel, the association of these residual protein fragments created a discontinuity between enamel rods, which we suggest is important for support and maintenance of enamel rods and eventual contribution to unique enamel mechanical properties. We present data that support cooperative functions of enamel matrix proteins in mediating the structural hierarchy of enamel and that contribute to our efforts to design and develop enamel biomimetic material.
A Forward-Looking Justification of Territorial Rights
Authors: Angell Kim
Published: May 2016

According to a prominent forward-looking justification of territorial (jurisdictional) rights, people may establish such rights over a piece of land if they develop economic and/or religious-cultural life plans the satisfaction of which requires controlling it. This argument suffers from a gap problem. The relevant life plans can be satisfied without granting their holders jurisdictional authority. Having lesser entitlements, such as occupancy rights, is sufficient. In this article, I offer a new forward-looking justification which plugs this justificatory gap. It follows the general framework of life plans-arguments, but develops a new category of plans: a person’s political plan to exercise her democratic autonomy as a citizen of the state under which she (or her group) has lived, or is living.
Preaching disability: The whole of Christ’s body in word and practice
Authors: Gaventa William C.
Published: May 2016

Including disability in preaching and people with disabilities in the design and practice of worship can raise many questions for clergy. Disability should not be addressed with euphemisms or with some traditional theological perspectives on disability that can wound people deeply and turn them away from the church and the people of God. This article explores five areas to help clergy think about preaching disability: practices of worship, perspectives of people with different kinds of disabilities, possible biblical passages and themes, current parables and stories, and the paradoxical uses of disability as metaphor.
Inclusive worship: Creating a language and multisensory options so that all can participate
Authors: Newman Barbara J.
Published: May 2016

Based on the author’s new book, Accessible Gospel, Inclusive Worship,1 this article explores ways of creating an accessible conversation with God as part of a worship experience. By re-naming components of a worship setting through a concept called “Vertical Habits,” getting to know those who gather, and offering multi-sensory options for participation, this article will challenge and teach faith communities to create an environment in which worship touches all of the senses and every person. Just as God set in place experiences and scriptural wording that encompasses many of our sensory systems, re-imagining the language of a worship event as well as appropriate tools for engaging in those worship habits can provide an anchor that participants can carry into their daily conversations with God. Faith communities that have put this into practice have discovered that providing multiple avenues of participation within a common language structure brings a richness and meaning for each one joining the conversation.
Worshipping the colliery-goddess
Authors: Nite Dhiraj Kumar
Published: May 2016

This article interprets the function of mine workers’ observance of the colliery-goddess cult, described as the Khadan–Kali cult, for gaining access to divine power so as to secure safety, and explains its relationship with the new political and scientific accident-control emphases adopted by workers from the 1920s onwards. Some observers regard the workers’ industrial–religious rites an expression of the pre-bourgeois customs. The latter is understood to have been in contradistinction to the modern principle of secular ethics and reason. Mine workers with such ‘fatalistic’ outlook could make few efforts to curb occupational hazards. Such outlook was an allegory of workers’ loss of control over their own personal destinies and of the price they paid for industrialisation. These observations, my study shows, would overlook, in our case, the fact that the colliery-goddess cult embodied the desire of workers for control over hazardous mining and for self-preservation. Indeed, it gave way to the secular-safety politics and also inscribed newer meanings to the relationship between the deity and her adherents. Miners vested in it a critique of the new official scheme that attributed responsibility for fatality and injury to an individual miner and subjected him/her to certain punitive actions. The article relies on material collected from archives and historical–anthropological survey of 25 former mine workers, undertaken during 2003–09.
Perceptions of Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Armstrong Gaylene S. , Atkin-Plunk Cassandra , Gartner Nancy R.
Published: May 2016

The practice of motivational interviewing (MI) has gained acceptance as an effective approach to support behavior change in various therapeutic contexts. In recent years, MI has been extended to clients within less traditional therapeutic settings including prisons and probation departments. Despite the known strengths of MI for positively affecting behavioral change in therapeutic contexts, the extent to which probation officers are able to effectively utilize MI remains unknown. The current study utilizes self-report responses from 485 probationers to assess the internal consistency and factor structure of the Client Evaluation of Motivational Interviewing (CEMI) as a tool for gathering feedback on MI fidelity in probation. Confirmatory factor analysis found two distinct MI factors to exist among this client base—technical and relational aspects of MI. Results suggest the CEMI is an effective tool to determine community corrections clients’ self-perceptions of probation officer’s use of MI-consistent techniques.
The application of social justice principles to global school psychology practice
Authors: Shriberg David , Clinton Amanda
Published: May 2016

In as much as school psychology practice is based on the goals of supporting the rights, access, and treatment of children as related to their education, social justice has the potential to be a moral framework for training, research, and practice in school psychology. Accordingly, this article seeks to achieve many objectives. First, a definition of social justice is provided. Second, a brief overview of school psychology research that overtly references social justice is offered. Third, essential precursors to action for individuals who seek to reflect social justice principles are highlighted. Fourth, key strategies for bringing social justice principles to practice are provided. Finally, this article closes with suggested next steps for further developing this framework globally.
‘We are not North Korea’: propaganda and professionalism in the People’s Republic of China
Authors: Simons Margaret , Nolan David , Wright Scott
Published: May 2016

This article draws on an empirical analysis of the testimonies of Chinese journalists to (re)consider the nature of professionalism in contemporary Chinese journalism. We draw on earlier work by a number of scholars to develop an analysis of the testimonies in order to trace both how professionalism is shaped by cultural, social, organizational, institutional and political influences, and how these work to shape everyday journalistic practices and outputs. We conclude that professionalization is best understood not as a shift towards an ideal version of autonomous, public service–oriented journalism, but instead as a process informed by diverse and somewhat contradictory influences, including many that are internal to China as well as some that are near universal. Not only are journalists clearly concerned to be distinguished from ‘propagandists’, but editors also engage in tactical practices and organizational strategies that allow a meaningful autonomy from the state. These are not only influenced by conflicting normative discourses of journalism but have also become both a necessity for establishing the legitimacy of individual journalists and news institutions and to facilitate their viability in highly competitive news markets.
Videofluoroscopic Swallow Examination Does Not Accurately Detect Cricopharyngeal Radiation Strictures
Authors: Szczesniak Michal M. , Maclean Julia , O’Hare Joylene , Humbert Ianessa , Wu Peter I. , Quon Harry , Graham Peter H. , Cook Ian J.
Published: May 2016

Videofluoroscopy is the standard technique to evaluate dysphagia following radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). The accuracy of radiography in detecting strictures at the pharyngoesophageal junction is unknown. Our aim was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of videofluoroscopy in detecting strictures at the pharyngoesophageal junction prior to endoscopic dilatation in a consecutive series of HNC survivors with dysphagia. Presence of a stricture on videofluoroscopy was determined by 3 experienced blinded investigators and compared against a gold standard, defined as presence of a mucosal tear during endoscopic dilatation. In 10 of 33 patients, there was complete agreement among observers with respect to the presence or absence of a stricture. Overall, the concordance among observers in identification of strictures was very poor, with a kappa of 0.05 (P =. 30). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of videofluoroscopy in detecting strictures was 0.76 and 0.58, respectively. Videofluoroscopy alone is inadequate to detect strictures in HNC survivors with dysphagia.
Henry Rollins’ Rhetoric of Atonement
Authors: Glantz Mark
Published: May 2016

In response to Robin Williams’ death, outspoken punk rocker Henry Rollins published an LA Weekly column about his disdain for people who commit suicide. His comments about depression were immediately condemned as ignorant and hurtful. In an effort to make amends for his offensive remarks, Rollins delivered an apology that featured all three elements of the rhetoric of atonement: repentance, prayer, and charity. Analysis of Rollins’ discourse suggests important implications for the literature surrounding apologetic discourse. This essay questions whether rhetors must explicitly ask for public forgiveness in order to demonstrate repentance and highlights the language of service as a meaningful element of charity.
Self-efficacy and pain acceptance as mediators of the relationship between pain and performance of valued life activities in women and men with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ahlstrand Inger , Vaz Sharmila , Falkmer Torbjörn , Thyberg Ingrid , Björk Mathilda
Published: May 2016

Objective:

To study whether personal factors (self-efficacy and pain acceptance) mediate the relationship between pain and performance of valued life activities in persons with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods:

Persons with rheumatoid arthritis for at least four years ( n = 737; 73% women) answered a questionnaire measuring self-efficacy, pain acceptance, performance of valued life activities, and self-rated pain. Relationships among these constructs were explored using univariate and multivariate analyses. Structural equation modelling was then used to examine the mediational role of personal factors on the relationship between pain and performance of valued life activities.

Results:

A direct negative association between pain and performance of valued life activities was identified ( Beta = .34, P < .001). This suggests that people with rheumatoid arthritis who had higher levels of pain has increased difficulties in performing valued life activities. Self-efficacy and activity engagement component of pain acceptance mediated the relationship between pain and performance of valued life activities, however the pain willingness component of pain acceptance did not influence participation in valued life activities.

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the importance of considering personal factors, such as pain acceptance and self-efficacy, in facilitating participation in valued life activities.
True alignment of preclinical and clinical research to enhance success in CNS drug development: a review of the current evidence
Authors: Goetghebeur Pascal JD , Swartz Jina E
Published: May 2016

Central nervous system pharmacological research and development has reached a critical turning point. Patients suffering from disorders afflicting the central nervous system are numerous and command significant attention from the pharmaceutical industry. However, given the numerous failures of promising drugs, many companies are no longer investing in or, indeed, are divesting from this therapeutic area. Central nervous system drug development must change in order to develop effective therapies to treat these patients. Preclinical research is a cornerstone of drug development; however, it is frequently criticised for its lack of predictive validity. Animal models and assays can be shown to be more predictive than reported and, on many occasions, the lack of thorough preclinical testing is potentially to blame for some of the clinical failures. Important factors such as translational aspects, nature of animal models, variances in acute versus chronic dosing, development of add-on therapies and understanding of the full dose–response relationship are too often neglected. Reducing the attrition rate in central nervous system drug development could be achieved by addressing these important questions before novel compounds enter the clinical phase. This review illustrates the relevance of employing these criteria to translational central nervous system research, better to ensure success in developing new drugs in this therapeutic area.
Hypoxic mechanisms in primary headaches
Authors: Britze Josefine , Arngrim Nanna , Schytz Henrik Winther , Ashina Messoud
Published: May 2016

Background

Hypoxia causes secondary headaches such as high-altitude headache (HAH) and headache due to acute mountain sickness. These secondary headaches mimic primary headaches such as migraine, which suggests a common link. We review and discuss the possible role of hypoxia in migraine and cluster headache.

Methods

This narrative review investigates the current level of knowledge on the relation of hypoxia in migraine and cluster headache based on epidemiological and experimental studies.

Findings

Epidemiological studies suggest that living in high-altitude areas increases the risk of migraine and especially migraine with aura. Human provocation models show that hypoxia provokes migraine with and without aura, whereas cluster headache has not been reliably induced by hypoxia. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms include hypoxia-induced release of nitric oxide and calcitonin gene-related peptide, cortical spreading depression and leakage of the blood-brain barrier.

Conclusion

There is a possible link between hypoxia and migraine and maybe cluster headache, but the exact mechanism is currently unknown. Provocation models of hypoxia have yielded interesting results suggesting a novel approach to study in depth the mechanism underlying hypoxia and primary headaches.
The Conundrum of Kamaiya: Ex–Bonded Laborers, Local Leaders, and the Construction of Claims and Profit in a Nepalese Squatter Settlement
Authors: Gallagher Kathleen M.
Published: May 2016

The following article seeks to explain how the relocation of former bonded laborers ( kamaiya) into a preexisting Nepalese squatter settlement confounded conventional approaches used by local leaders in profiting from the controlled distribution of unregistered government land. I argue that while liberated bonded laborer populations provide an exceptional moral high ground from which to defend the use of land in the absence of legal tenure, the basis for their claims is not easily co-opted and therefore creates liability for leaders. I suggest that this liability is related to the content and lack of equivocation in ex–bonded laborer claims. The difficulties of constructing and utilizing claims to land associated with kamaiya are also linked to the complicated history of caste and ethnic relations informing the relationship between former bonded laborers and the higher castes that have historically dominated many regions of Nepal and comprise much of the squatter settlement leadership. Simultaneously providing legitimacy as well as liability, the liberated kamaiya were a conundrum in their new place of residence.
Adrenal Insufficiency With Voriconazole and Inhaled/Intranasal Corticosteroids: Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Duman Amanda K. , Fulco Patricia Pecora
Published: May 2016

Strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitors may induce Cushing syndrome and subsequent adrenal insufficiency when administered concurrently with corticosteroids. This drug–drug interaction has been well described with HIV protease inhibitors. A similar drug–drug interaction with corticosteroids and other strong CYP 3A4 inhibitors (antifungals [imidazoles]) has recently been reported but remains less well known. To our knowledge, we report the first case of probable drug-induced Cushing syndrome with subsequent adrenal insufficiency as a result of concomitant oral voriconazole with intranasal mometasone and inhaled fluticasone administration as well as a review of the current literature supporting this drug–drug interaction.
Reconstruction and restoration: the legacies of post-war German Industrial Sociology
Authors: Köhler Holm-Detlev
Published: May 2016

The article reconstructs the re-birth of Industrial Sociology in Germany after the Second World War in a comparative perspective. Although sharing the main context conditions and maintaining a constant and fluent exchange with their colleagues in other countries, the German intellectual traditions and specific institutional context motivated several particular interests and perspectives that shape a distinct German Industrial Sociology until today. The dominance of qualitative in-depth research, the focus on the emancipative potentials in high-skill-based work organization, the cooperative industrial relations tradition and the constant attempts to link employment studies with general social theory on modern capitalist society and social change characterize German Industrial Sociology. The richness of distinct national institutional settings for comparative social research on employment regimes may be another lesson to be learned from critical reconstruction of labour sociology.
Characteristics of a volume-adjustable compression chamber for transradial prosthetic interface
Authors: Sang Yuanjun , Li Xiang , Luo Yun
Published: May 2016

In the transradial limb–socket contact interface, the physiological properties and prosthetic operating habits of the residual limb might affect the comfort and functionality of the prosthesis. To enhance the comfort and functionality of the interface, a frame-type socket with four volume-adjustable compression chambers was proposed for the transradial amputation level. The contact pressure of the limb–socket interface was adjusted by the volume changes in the chambers and controlled by a vacuum pump and the corresponding control system. The parameters of the chamber were designed in accordance with the biomechanics of the forearm soft tissue. The chamber with a negative stiffness characteristic was theoretically compared with the chamber with a positive stiffness characteristic. The results showed that the former had a superior performance to the latter in safety and pump performance requirements. A physical model of the transradial frame-type prosthetic interface was also manufactured with four negative stiffness chambers. The experimental results showed that this new prosthetic interface achieved more fitting time and better performance in comfort and functionality than the fixed frame-type socket. This new prosthetic interface with volume-adjustable compression chambers might be an alternative choice for transradial amputees.
Obesity in the HIV-infected population in Northeast England: a particular issue in Black-African women
Authors: Ilozue C , Howe B , Shaw S , Haigh K , Hussey J , Price DA , Chadwick DR
Published: May 2016

People living with HIV are surviving longer on successful antiretroviral therapy and obesity rates are increasing. We sought to determine the prevalence of being overweight or obese in a regional population of people living with HIV and to explore the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with obesity or being overweight. Data on patients attending three Northeast England clinics were collected including body mass index and demographics. The prevalence of being overweight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) or obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) was determined and compared with regional population data. Associations between being overweight or obese and demographic and other data were further explored using logistic regression models. In 560 patients studied (median age 45 years, 26% Black-African and 69% male), 65% were overweight/obese and 26% obese, which is similar to the local population. However, 83% and 48% of Black-African women were overweight/obese or obese, respectively, with 11% being morbidly obese (body mass index > 40 kg/m2). In the multivariate analyses, the only factors significantly associated with obesity were Black-African race (adjusted odds ratio 2.78, 95% confidence interval 1.60–4.85) and type 2 diabetes (adjusted odds ratio 4.23, 95% confidence interval 1.81–9.91). Levels of obesity and overweight in people living with HIV are now comparable to the levels in the local population of Northeast England; however, the prevalence is significantly higher in Black-African women. Given the additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease inherent in people living with HIV, better strategies to prevent, identify and manage obesity in this population are needed.
Exploring Employee Engagement—A Way to Better Business Performance
Authors: Gupta Neha , Sharma Vandna
Published: May 2016

There is an unprecedented change in the job description as well as workforce diversity due to globalization of organizations. Employee engagement has emerged as an important management-focused activity in order to compete and perform in a dynamic and competitive environment, having linkage with the organization’s goals and objectives. This article aims to provide an exploratory study on employee engagement, its concepts and definitions as evolved through recent times, factors or drivers affecting it, its measures and importance for better business outcomes. The methodology used for this study includes selected literature reviews on employee engagement. Employee engagement is found to be a continuous process and is highly organization specific. There is no clear and widely accepted definition of employee engagement; however, it is found to be an integration of different behavioural components, such as commitment, involvement, attachment, discretionary effort, energy, positive attitude and psychological presence, that leads the employee potential into employee performance which is positively linked with organization success.
The Practice of Female Foeticide and Infanticide Among Scheduled Caste Population in India
Authors: Jena Sasmita
Published: May 2016

“Female Foeticide a shame ou Iudia Society”

(Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh)
Tribal Women and Environmental Movement in India
Authors: Naik Iswar Chandra
Published: May 2016

The Tribal women ofKashipur block said that, “even if we don't have our own land, we have the option of Podu or shifting cultivation, the green forests will give us roots, mangoes, mahua, sal leaves, flowers and seeds, hill brooms and firewood” . Against this backdrop the study seeks to analyze the leadership of the women in protecting the nahnal resources revolving around the loss of livelihood and displacement which lead to poverty, starvation and diarrhoea deaths in Kashipur block of Rayagada District in Odisha . Peoples' protests against the establishment of mining industry in Kashipur block seek to protect Jal, Jamin and Jangal (water, land and forests) . All these natural resources are the only sources of their livelihood; meanwhile, it also looks at the extent to which people are losing their basic rights to traditional livelihood resources due to the process of industrialization and development.
Caste Question in India
Authors: Das Sanjaya Kumar
Published: May 2016

The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribe together constitute about 25% of the country's population, and are historically two most dis-advantaged sections of the Indian Society. Further, people belonging to the SCs and STs, particularly those living in the rural areas continue to suffer from the same age-old caste prejudices, exclusion and discrimination in almost all spheres of socio-economic life, and therefore, an overwhelmingly large majority of them lag behind the other social groups with respect to almost all indicators of development such as literactj, employment, health-care, sanitation, life-expectancy, housing and so on. To compound these economic hardships, these communities continue to be the victims of thousands of atrocities of various kinds in different parts of the countnry.
Dalit and African American Autobiographies
Authors: Bharathiraja S.
Published: May 2016

Omprakash Valmiki and Frederick Douglass were born as human beings in this world. But they were classified as Dalit and Slave respectively. As a result, they were deprived of their child and manhood. They hoped to survive, yet were discriminated, humiliated and assaulted. Their autobiographies have, as Northon Frye said, “Dianoia” which are the life matters of the writer and provide sequences of context. They are made up of the replica of the writers; ideas and beliefs, the representation of the era; general philosophy, religious faith , or political and cultural attitudes. The inclusiveness of the issues like love, memories, and death attract the readers. All are addressed to the world for identity and emancipation.
Upendra Nath Barman and Caste Politics Among the Rajbanshis of North Bengal
Authors: Adhikary Chanchal
Published: May 2016

Caste politics was a part and parcel of Indian politics during the colonial rule. Some political leaders during this time primarily emerged through caste politics. Late nineteenth and early twentieth century Bengal also featured many caste movements. The Rajbanshi Kshatriya movement is one of those movements led by the elite and aristocrats of the community such as Panchanan Barma. The movement organized by Thakur Panchanan Barma i.e. ‘Raj bans hi Kshatriya Movement’ is studied elsewhere by many scholars and is not the goal of this essay. An attempt has been made here to make a critical study of the role of the little known Upendra Nath Barman (1898-1988) in the politics and society of contemporary north Bengal and his achievements for the Scheduled Caste Raj bans his of North Bengal.
Religious Identity as a Function of Pragmatism of the Everyday
Authors: Aleaz Bonita
Published: May 2016

The article explores the role of the pragmatic principle in shaping religious identities, particularly in the case of the Dalits confronting the possibility of conversion and the possibility of a new identity; or abjuring the same in favour of retaining the old identity. The two areas surveyed, in Kerala and in Tami/nadu revealed ample evidence of the exemplification of this philosophical principle in varied forms. The rules influencing governance according to this principle indicate the influence of the notion of "what works" rather than the correspondence to truth, natura/law, or some other abstract validating principle.
Domestic Helps Need Better Treatment
Authors: Chattopadhyay Swati
Published: May 2016

In the metropolitan and urban areas of India lakhs ofp oor women and girls earn their livelihood serving in houses as house-maids who clean utensils, mop floor, look after babies, purchase vegetables, milk and household items from the market for their employers. They perform their duties in two shifts – morning and evening – daily without any leave. They are paid meagerly. When due to illness or some other urgency they remain absent for a few days, they are often verbally fired from the job or are paid less monthly wage. In many cases they silently bear mental and physical torture, even sexual harassment in the households. But they have no other alternative but to work to eke out their livelihood. Similar is the plight of whole time domestics working ten to twelve hours daily on a very small wage, bearing all sorts of maltreatment. The present paper seeks to explore the conditions of these women, most of whom belong to the dalit category.
Does Caste Matter for Social Disability of Dalit Women?
Authors: Jose Justin Pallickal , Cherayi Shanuga , V. Anvar Sadath
Published: May 2016

A cross sectional study was conducted among 301 dalit women in rural Tamilnadu to examine the influence of caste on social identity, stigma, discrimination, social relations and quality of community life. Using multi-stage cluster sampling procedure, the present study used standardized scales to measure the variables of interest. Alongside descriptive analysis, univariate ANO VA was used to examine the caste-wise variance ofk ey variables observed. Results reveal that Parayar women internalized high level of ethnic or social identity, stigma, everyday life discrimination, frequent conflicts in social relations and reduced quality of community life. While women of other lower castes bettered on quality of community life. The study concludes that caste is a significant qualitative variable with substantial influence on ethnic or dalit identity internalization, perceptions of stigma, need for equity, discrimination, conflicts in social relations and quality cf community life. Thus social disability of dalits substantially differ caste wise; therefore developing caste wise systematic evidence on dalit social disability and exclusion are of critical importance to prioritize programmatic and policy interventions to better the life of dalits among dalits.
The Division of Linguistic States and Problem of Democracy
Authors: Mondal Samar Kumar
Published: May 2016

A person has different identities ‐ religious, political, caste, linguistic, professional and so on. Thus one may be Hindu by religion, Gandhibadi by political ideology, Bangali by language, teacher by profession, Brahmin by caste, etc. Another person may be a converted Christian by religion, Marxist by political ideology, Dalit by caste, Santali by language, a skilled worker by profession. Different individuals having different types of religions, caste, linguistic and other identities create major problems for maintaining a democratic set up. History teaches us that in a society where people fight against each other to save their identities, democracy cannot flourish. Two groups ofp eople having two different religious identities or caste identities or linguistic identities are frequently engaged in conflict with each other and the powerful group tries to dominate the weaker group. One of the suggested solutions of the problem is to ensure same sort of autonomy for people having a particular identity in such a way that the other community cannot interfere with its way of life. According to Ambedkar formation of a state for a group of people having a particular linguistic identity is a suggested way out for resolving the conflict between two groups of people having two different linguistic identities.
Nine Tips for Creating an Effective Extended School Year Program for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Sobeck Emily Eyrolles
Published: May 2016

Extended school year (ESY) is a summer program available for students with disabilities who meet specific qualifying criteria. Teachers are often hesitant to accept the position of the ESY teacher due to the ambiguities and demands of the position. The purpose of this article is to briefly share the impetus and focus of ESY and give special education teachers nine tips to create and execute an effective ESY program. When implemented correctly, ESY programs have the potential to help students maintain learned skills and master targeted skills.
Behavioural synchronization from an ethological perspective: Overview of its adaptive value
Authors: Duranton Charlotte , Gaunet Florence
Published: May 2016

Synchronized behaviours are found in various species, among all taxa of live beings. Being synchronized with other individuals is defined by doing the same thing, at the same time and at the same place as others. It is observed within intraspecific groups and dyads. We aim to provide a synthetic overview of what is behavioural synchronization and focus on the adaptive value of such a phenomenon among individuals. Then, as it is observed that some stable groups or dyads consist of individuals from different species, we finally propose to investigate the existence of interspecific behavioural synchronization.
Assessing the Individual, Neighborhood, and Policy Predictors of Disparities in Mental Health Care
Authors: Cook Benjamin L. , Zuvekas Samuel H. , Chen Jie , Progovac Ana , Lincoln Alisa K.
Published: May 2016

This study assesses individual- and area-level predictors of racial/ethnic disparities in mental health care episodes for adults with psychiatric illness. Multilevel regression models are estimated using data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys linked to area-level data sets. Compared with Whites, Blacks and Latinos live in neighborhoods with higher minority density, lower average education, and greater specialist mental health provider density, all of which predict lesser mental health care initiation. Neighborhood-level variables do not have differential effects on mental health care by race/ethnicity. Racial/ethnic disparities arise because minorities are more likely to live in neighborhoods where treatment initiation is low, rather than because of a differential influence of neighborhood disadvantage on treatment initiation for minorities compared with Whites. Low rates of initiation in neighborhoods with a high density of specialists suggest that interventions to increase mental health care specialists, without a focus on treating racial/ethnic minorities, may not reduce access disparities.
Government Service as a Public and Personal Good
Authors: Rimer Barbara K.
Published: May 2016

The concerted, strategic efforts of government leaders can create rapid accelerations in knowledge and the application of that knowledge for the public good. Government service can represent part or all of one’s career. Working at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) early in my career helped me develop a macro-level understanding of how the NIH operates, what forces propel change, how priorities are set, and how programs are developed. While leading a large division at the National Cancer Institute later in my career, after many years in a research institution and academia, we created new models for collaboration, including transdisciplinary centers, the first NIH unit focused on dissemination (now implementation science), and tools that enabled citizens, scientists, and others to access and use effective interventions, new data sets, and ways to aggregate data to show local cancer profiles. In this article, I provide my own career as an example of the opportunities afforded by federal service—for both individuals in government service and the public good.
Experiences From a Combined Dermatology and Rheumatology Clinic
Authors: Samycia Michael , McCourt Collette , Shojania Kam , Au Sheila
Published: May 2016

Background:

The Dermatology and Rheumatology Treatment Clinic is a novel multidisciplinary clinic where patients are concomitantly assessed by a rheumatologist and dermatologist.

Objectives:

To determine the number of patients seen in clinic, patient demographics, and most common diagnoses.

Method:

A retrospective review was performed over a 2-year period. Data collected included patient age, sex, dermatologic diagnosis, rheumatologic diagnosis, biopsies performed, and number of follow-up visits.

Results:

A total of 320 patients were seen (78% female, 22% male). The most common rheumatologic diagnoses were systemic lupus erythematosus (18%), rheumatoid arthritis (15%), psoriatic arthritis (13%), and undifferentiated connective tissue disease (8%). The most common dermatologic diagnoses were dermatitis (17%), psoriasis (11%), cutaneous lupus (7%), various types of alopecia (6%), and infections (5%).

Conclusions:

Skin diagnoses were often unrelated to the underlying rheumatologic diagnosis. Rheumatologists and dermatologists can both benefit from being aware of the dermatologic conditions that rheumatologic patients are experiencing.
Discrimination, internalized racism, and depression: A comparative study of African American and Afro-Caribbean adults in the US
Authors: Molina Kristine M. , James Drexler
Published: May 2016

Emerging research suggests that both perceptions of discrimination and internalized racism (i.e., endorsement of negative stereotypes of one’s racial group) are associated with poor mental health. Yet, no studies to date have examined their effects on mental health with racial/ethnic minorities in the US in a single study. The present study examined: (a) the direct effects of everyday discrimination and internalized racism on risk of DSM-IV criteria of past-year major depressive disorder (MDD); (b) the interactive effects of everyday discrimination and internalized racism on risk of past-year MDD; and (c) the indirect effect of everyday discrimination on risk of past-year MDD via internalized racism. Further, we examined whether these associations differed by ethnic group membership. We utilized nationally representative data of Afro-Caribbean ( N = 1,418) and African American ( N = 3,570) adults from the National Survey of American Life. Results revealed that experiencing discrimination was associated with increased odds of past-year MDD among the total sample. Moreover, for Afro-Caribbeans, but not African Americans, internalized racism was associated with decreased odds of meeting criteria for past-year MDD. We did not find an interaction effect for everyday discrimination by internalized racism, nor an indirect effect of discrimination on risk of past-year MDD through internalized racism. Collectively, our findings suggest a need to investigate other potential mechanisms by which discrimination impacts mental health, and examine further the underlying factors of internalized racism as a potential self-protective strategy. Lastly, our findings point to the need for research that draws attention to the heterogeneity within the U.S. Black population.
The effects of racial attitudes on affect and engagement in racially discordant medical interactions between non-Black physicians and Black patients
Authors: Hagiwara Nao , Dovidio John F. , Eggly Susan , Penner Louis A.
Published: May 2016

The association between physicians’ and patients’ racial attitudes and poorer patient–physician communication in racially discordant medical interactions is well-documented. However, it is unclear how physicians’ and patients’ racial attitudes independently and jointly affect their behaviors during these interactions. In a secondary analysis of video-recorded medical interactions between non-Black physicians and Black patients, we examined how physicians’ explicit and implicit racial bias and patients’ perceived past discrimination influenced their own as well as one another’s affect and level of engagement. Affect and engagement were assessed with a “thin slice” method. For physicians, the major findings were significant three-way interactions: physicians’ affect and engagement were influenced by their implicit and explicit racial bias (i.e., aversive racism), but only when they interacted with patients who reported any incidence of prior discrimination. In contrast, patients’ affect was influenced only by perceived discrimination. Theoretical and clinical implications of current findings are discussed.
The Discursive Construction of Group Cohesion in Problem-based Learning Tutorials
Authors: Hendry Gillian , Wiggins Sally , Anderson Tony
Published: May 2016

Research has shown that educators may be reluctant to implement group work in their teaching due to concerns about students partaking in off-task behaviours. However, such off-task interactions have been shown to promote motivation, trust, and rapport-building. This paper details a study in which student groups were video recorded as they engaged in problem-based learning tutorials, with the aim of examining the social interaction within such settings. Eighty-five hours of data were collected from nine groups, with discursive psychology being used to analyse how group cohesion is constructed through off-topic talk such as gossiping and teasing. Two case studies are detailed in which we demonstrate how cohesion is established through a process of collective action against the ‘other’: highlighting the differences between ‘us’ and ‘them’, and how this can impact on group dynamics. There is often a discrepancy between self-reported and observed behaviour in groups and so the more we know about what actually happens in such environments, the better placed we are to support student learning. The paper concludes with recommendations on how analyses of social interaction and the management of psychological issues in problem-based learning tutorials can inform the use of problem-based learning as a teaching and learning approach.
Learner Perspectives of Online Problem-Based Learning and Applications from Cognitive Load Theory
Authors: Chen Ruth
Published: May 2016

Problem-based learning (PBL) courses have historically been situated in physical classrooms involving in-person interactions. As online learning is embraced in higher education, programs that use PBL can integrate online platforms to support curriculum delivery and facilitate student engagement. This report describes student perspectives of the online PBL experience, interpreted through the lens of Cognitive Load Theory. Fifty-two undergraduate health professional students participated in this descriptive survey. The responses revealed that, overall, learners perceived the platform to be suitable for conducting online PBL, that distractions in the online environment were no greater than those experienced in physical classroom, and that online PBL was as effective as in-class PBL for learning. In online PBL, the technological capabilities and limitations of the online platform were identified by students as the key sources of hindrances and facilitators to learning. Suggestions for implementing online PBL using instructional principles from Cognitive Load Theory and multimedia learning are offered.