bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In‐Plane Displacement and Strain Image Analysis
Authors: Almeida Graça , Melício Fernando , Biscaia Hugo , Chastre Carlos , Fonseca José Manuel
Published: February 2015

Measurements in civil engineering load tests usually require considerable time and complex procedures. Therefore, measurements are usually constrained by the number of sensors resulting in a restricted monitored area. Image processing analysis is an alternative way that enables the measurement of the complete area of interest with a simple and effective setup. In this article photo sequences taken during load displacement tests were captured by a digital camera and processed with image correlation algorithms. Three different image processing algorithms were used with real images taken from tests using specimens of PVC and Plexiglas. The data obtained from the image processing algorithms were also compared with the data from physical sensors. A complete displacement and strain map were obtained. Results show that the accuracy of the measurements obtained by photogrammetry is equivalent to that from the physical sensors but with much less equipment and fewer setup requirements.
The conserved histone deacetylase Rpd3 and the DNA binding regulator Ume6 repress BOI1's meiotic transcript isoform during vegetative growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Stuparevic Igor , Xie Bingning , Becker Emmanuelle , Law Michael J. , Primig Michael
Published: February 2015

BOI1 and BOI2 are paralogs important for the actin cytoskeleton and polar growth. BOI1 encodes a meiotic transcript isoform with an extended 5′‐untranslated region predicted to impair protein translation. It is, however, unknown how the isoform is repressed during mitosis, and if Boi1 is present during sporulation. By interpreting microarray data from MATa cells, MATa/α cells, a starving MATα/α control, and a meiosis‐impaired rrp6 mutant, we classified BOI1's extended isoform as early meiosis‐specific. These results were confirmed by RNA‐Sequencing, and extended by a 5′‐RACE assay and Northern blotting, showing that meiotic cells induce the long isoform while the mitotic isoform remains detectable during meiosis. We provide evidence via motif predictions, an in vivo binding assay and genetic experiments that the Rpd3/Sin3/Ume6 histone deacetylase complex, which represses meiotic genes during mitosis, also prevents the induction of BOI1's 5′‐extended isoform in mitosis by direct binding of Ume6 to its URS1 target. Finally, we find that Boi1 protein levels decline when cells switch from fermentation to respiration and sporulation. The histone deacetylase Rpd3 is conserved, and eukaryotic genes frequently encode transcripts with variable 5′‐UTRs. Our findings are therefore relevant for regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of transcript isoforms in multi‐cellular organisms.
The targeted recognition of Lactococcus lactis phages to their polysaccharide receptors
Authors: McCabe Orla , Spinelli Silvia , Farenc Carine , Labbé Myriam , Tremblay Denise , Blangy Stéphanie , Oscarson Stefan , Moineau Sylvain , Cambillau Christian
Published: February 2015

Each phage infects a limited number of bacterial strains through highly specific interactions of the receptor‐binding protein (RBP) at the tip of phage tail and the receptor at the bacterial surface. Lactococcus lactis is covered with a thin polysaccharide pellicle (hexasaccharide repeating units), which is used by a subgroup of phages as a receptor. Using L. lactis and phage 1358 as a model, we investigated the interaction between the phage RBP and the pellicle hexasaccharide of the host strain. A core trisaccharide (TriS), derived from the pellicle hexasaccharide repeating unit, was chemically synthesised, and the crystal structure of the RBP/TriS complex was determined. This provided unprecedented structural details of RBP/receptor site‐specific binding. The complete hexasaccharide repeating unit was modelled and found to aptly fit the extended binding site. The specificity observed in in vivo phage adhesion assays could be interpreted in view of the reported structure. Therefore, by combining synthetic carbohydrate chemistry, X‐ray crystallography and phage plaquing assays, we suggest that phage adsorption results from distinct recognition of the RBP towards the core TriS or the remaining residues of the hexasacchride receptor. This study provides a novel insight into the adsorption process of phages targeting saccharides as their receptors.
Three‐dimensional Computed Tomography for Assessing Lung Morphology in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis following Posterior Spinal Fusion Surgery
Authors: Fu Jun , Liu Chao , Zhang Yong‐gang , Zheng Guo‐quan , Zhang Guo‐ying , Song Kai , Tang Xiang‐yu , Wang Yan
Published: February 2015

Objective

To evaluate the changes in lung morphology in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) following posterior spinal fusion surgery.

Methods

From April 2009 to August 2013, 30 AIS patients (nine males and 21 females) were enrolled in this study. All scans were obtained with the patient in the supine position and the breath held in deep inspiration and performed both before and after surgery. Syngo software was used to manage the computed tomography scan imaging and to calculate the lung volume, lung height and pulmonary cross‐sectional area in the apical vertebral plane.

Results

Left lung, right lung and total lung volumes and convex to concave lung volume ratio did not change significantly after corrective surgery. There was a statistically significant improvement in left lung and right lung heights after posterior spinal fusion surgery. However, the pulmonary cross‐sectional area in the apical vertebrae plane was smaller postoperatively than preoperatively.

Conclusions

This study showed that lung height in AIS patients increased significantly immediately postoperatively whereas lung volume did not change significantly. Thoracic symmetry was improved postoperatively in these patients.
Living donor liver transplantation from a heterozygous parent for classical maple syrup urine disease
Authors: Kadohisa Masashi , Matsumoto Shirou , Sawada Hirotake , Honda Masaki , Murokawa Takahiro , Hayashida Shintaro , Ohya Yuki , Lee Kwang‐Jong , Yamamoto Hidekazu , Mitsubuchi Hiroshi , Endo Fumio , Inomata Yukihiro
Published: February 2015

MSUD is a hereditary metabolic disorder that is characterized by impaired activity of the BCKADC. Liver transplantation has been approved as a treatment for some MSUD cases in which the control of BCAAs is insufficient. Although there have been several reports about DDLT for MSUD, few LDLT cases have been reported. Because either of parents who are heterozygote of this disease usually applies to be a candidate of donor in LDLT, the impairment of BCKADC activity of graft liver should be concerned. We performed LDLT for 10 month‐old girl with a left lateral segment graft from her father. BCKADC activities of the patient and her parents were measured using lysates of lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood specimen before the transplant. As a consequence, the activity of BCKADC of father was not inferior to a normal range. The patient tolerated the operation well. Postoperative course was uneventful and mixed milk was started at 8th POD. The serum BCAAs levels have remained within normal range. It should be necessary to follow the physical growth and mental development of the recipient in the future.
Low frequency of PAX8‐PPARγ rearrangement in follicular thyroid carcinomas in Japanese patients
Authors: Mochizuki Kunio , Kondo Tetsuo , Oishi Naoki , Tahara Ippei , Inoue Tomohiro , Kasai Kazunari , Nakazawa Tadao , Okamoto Takahiro , Shibata Noriyuki , Katoh Ryohei
Published: February 2015

Paired‐box gene 8 (PAX8)‐peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) gene fusion has been identified at significant frequency in follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) with cytogenetically detectable translocation t(2;3)(q13;p25). This represents a possible specific molecular marker for follicular carcinoma. In this study, we examined PAX8‐PPARγ rearrangement in 24 FTC samples from Japanese patients by reverse transcribed‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using two upstream PAX8 primers located in exons 7 and 8 and a downstream primer in exon 1 of PPARγ. The fusion gene was detected in only one of 24 FTCs (4%). The FTC with PAX8‐PPARγ rearrangement from a 56‐year‐old man showed a product consistent with fusion between exon 8 of PAX8 and exon 1 of PPARγ. It was confirmed by direct sequencing. This FTC was histologically encapsulated, composed of trabeculae and small follicles and had complete penetration of the capsule by tumor tissues (minimally invasive type). The frequency of the fusion gene in this study was much lower than the 29–63% noted in reports from other countries suggesting that FTCs in Japanese patients may have a special genetic background, and that the high iodine intake from a typical Japanese diet might influence the frequency of the fusion gene in FTCs.
Cultivar‐dependent yield reductions in white clover due to simulated grazing and White clover mosaic virus infection are associated with differences in storage reserves and antioxidant metabolism
Authors: Corral M. G. , Guy P. L. , Burritt D. J.
Published: February 2015

White clover is considered amongst the most important forage legumes in temperate agricultural systems. It contributes to increased quality of pastures through its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, providing high nutritional feed for livestock. White clover is host to the potexvirus White clover mosaic virus (WClMV), which is readily transmitted via animal trampling/grazing and mowing. WClMV infection may strongly impact white clover's performance, affecting its ability to compete with other plants in the pasture. Understanding the extent to which the virus influences white clover's growth and yield may contribute to improve pastoral management by pointing out the importance of stress factors on pasture plant performance and herbage yield. In the current study, the effects of WClMV infection and simulated grazing on white clover's fitness, oxidative damage and the induction of antioxidants were investigated. Two cultivars of white clover, Grasslands Huia and Grasslands Kopu II, were subjected to three harvests. In response to WClMV infection and grazing‐like cutting, white clover experienced oxidative stress as evidenced by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls. Biomass accumulation, given as fresh weight and dry matter content, was also negatively affected. Both stresses induced an increase in ascorbate and glutathione levels and enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase. Glutathione S‐transferase activity and the levels of reduced ascorbate and reduced glutathione were not affected by either stress.
Assessment of Genetic Variability in the Coding Sequence of Melatonin Receptor Gene (MTNR1A) in Tropical Arid Sheep Breeds of India
Authors: Saxena VK , Jha BK , Meena AS , Narula HK , Kumar D , Naqvi SMK
Published: February 2015

Contents

Seasonal behaviour in sheep, which varies in tropical and temperate environmental conditions, is a matter of study, because it can provide a clue to address the problem of seasonality in sheep. Melatonin receptor is the membrane‐bound G‐coupled receptor, sensing the message of photoperiodic cues thorough melatonin. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) studies were carried out to assess the variability of gene at G612A and C606T SNPs in MTNR1A gene, which have been studied to be markers for out‐of‐season breeding. Allelic frequency distribution corresponded to higher frequency of GG and CC genotype, in tropical arid sheep breed in comparison with temperate region sheep breed. PCR amplification of MTNR1A gene of 30 animals was performed and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identification was carried out using Lasergene software. Seven SNPs/mutations were identified, but most of them were synonymous, except the one G706A, leading to substitution of valine by isoleucine. Polyphen‐2 analysis of G706A mutation revealed that it is a benign mutation. Two important SNPs C426T and G555A, which were identified in temperate sheep breeds, could not be traced in Magra and Marwari breeds of sheep. Thus, the Magra and Marwari breeds of tropical, arid region demonstrated the presence of both polymorphic SNPs markers G612A and C606T, associated with out‐of‐season breeding. GG and CC genotypes were having a higher prevalence in the studied population.
Meanings of knowledge and identity in public health nursing in a time of transition: interpretations of public health nurses’ narratives
Authors: Dahl Berit Misund , Clancy Anne
Published: February 2015

Background

A changing healthcare system affects the professional identity of nursing groups. Public health nursing has experienced challenges in balancing the paternalistic expert ideology and the empowerment participation ideology. A strong professional identity can legitimate nursing, and possibly influence the quality of nursing work. Narrations from practice can illuminate the nurses’ theoretical and practical knowledge and help illustrate their collective professional identity.

Aim

To illuminate the meaning of public health nursing knowledge and professional identity in a continuously changing public health nursing practice.

Method

A qualitative interview study with a purposeful sample of 23 Norwegian public health nurses was carried out. Data were analysed using phenomenological hermeneutics, a descriptive method inspired by Ricoeur's philosophy of interpretation.

Findings

Three themes emerged (i) Being a generalist: emphasising the need for generalised knowledge and using clinical judgement, (ii) Being one who empowers: focusing on resources and coping strategies, (iii) Being occupied with individual problem solving: focusing on individuals with special needs, using standardised techniques and protocols, and lacking specialised knowledge.

Conclusion

Interpretation of the nurses' stories illuminated their need for generalised evidence‐based knowledge, but also the importance of using sound clinical judgement in a diverse complex practice, where service users need encouragement, support and expert advice. Time pressures can limit the nurses' involvement. Many had an individual problem‐focus more than a primary prevention focus, in contrast to governmental regulations stating that Norwegian public health nurses should focus on health promotion and primary prevention. Public health nurses have a broad generalised knowledge of their special target group giving them a ‘specialist generalist’ role. Clarification of this role, in relation to jurisdictional borders, can create a strong identity at a time when healthcare policy promotes economic values, professional neutrality and increased collaboration.
Firm‐Level Evidence for the Language Investment Effect on SME Exporters
Authors: Foreman‐Peck James , Zhou Peng
Published: February 2015

Both analysis of international trade and the knowledge resource theory of the firm imply that language skills should play a vital role in exporting. This may be apparent to large multinationals with sites in many different linguistic locations, but we show it is less obvious to smaller companies. With data on the language used by each of a large sample of European small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in their export markets, we test and estimate the effects of language assets on language performance in export markets and on export sales. Controlling for the possibility that language skills may be acquired by exporting, we find a very substantial export return to linguistic expertise, indicative of unexploited gains from investment in languages. There is also evidence of greater under‐investment in language skills in English‐speaking Europe.
Successful treatment of hepatitis E virus‐associated cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with ribavirin
Authors: Del Bello A. , Guilbeau‐Frugier C. , Josse A.‐G. , Rostaing L. , Izopet J. , Kamar N.
Published: February 2015

Hepatitis E virus genotype‐3 (HEV3) infection can cause chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed patients and induce extra‐hepatic manifestations, such as neurological symptoms, kidney injuries, and immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia. Very few cases ofHEV‐induced kidney manifestations have been reported. Herein, we report, for the first time, a case ofde novomembranoproliferative glomerulonephritis that occurred in a kidney transplant patient who developed a chronicHEV3 infection, which was successfully treated with ribavirin.
CD14, TLR4 and TRAM Show Different Trafficking Dynamics During LPS Stimulation
Authors: Klein Dionne C.G. , Skjesol Astrid , Kers‐Rebel Esther D. , Sherstova Tatyana , Sporsheim Bjørnar , Egeberg Kjartan W. , Stokke Bjørn T. , Espevik Terje , Husebye Harald
Published: February 2015

Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) is responsible for the immediate response to Gram‐negative bacteria and signals via two main pathways by recruitment of distinct pairs of adaptor proteins. Mal‐MyD88 [Mal (MyD88‐adaptor‐like) ‐ MYD88 (Myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88))] is recruited to the plasma membrane to initiate the signaling cascade leading to production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines while TRAM‐TRIF [TRAM (TRIF‐related adaptor molecule)‐TRIF (TIR‐domain‐containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐β)] is recruited to early endosomes to initiate the subsequent production of type I interferons. We have investigated the dynamics of TLR4 and TRAM during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. We found that LPS induced a CD14‐dependent immobile fraction of TLR4 in the plasma membrane. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) revealed that LPS stimulation induced clustering of TLR4 into small punctate structures in the plasma membrane containing CD14/LPS and clathrin, both in HEK293 cells and the macrophage model cell line U373‐CD14. These results suggest that laterally immobilized TLR4 receptor complexes are being formed and prepared for endocytosis. RAB11A was found to be involved in localizing TRAM to the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) and to early sorting endosomes. Moreover, CD14/LPS but not TRAM was immobilized on RAB11A‐positive endosomes, which indicates that TRAM and CD14/LPS can independently be recruited to endosomes.
Identification of Fractional Model by Least-Squares Method and Instrumental Variable
Authors: Khadhraoui Abir , Jelassi Khaled , Trigeassou Jean-Claude , Melchior Pierre
Published: February 2015

This paper deals with fractional model identification using least-squares (LS) method and instrumental variable (IV) in a noisy output context. A new identification method, which extends LS techniques to fractional system to identify not only the parameters but also the unknown order, is presented. In order to eliminate the bias of identification results, IV method is chosen which permits unbiased parameter estimation. Monte Carlo simulation analyses are used to demonstrate the validity and the performance of the proposed fractional order system identification method.
Multiscale Modeling of Cardiovascular Flows for Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Marsden Alison L. , Esmaily-Moghadam Mahdi
Published: February 2015

Patient-specific cardiovascular simulations can provide clinicians with predictive tools, fill current gaps in clinical imaging capabilities, and contribute to the fundamental understanding of disease progression. However, clinically relevant simulations must provide not only local hemodynamics, but also global physiologic response. This necessitates a dynamic coupling between the Navier–Stokes solver and reduced-order models of circulatory physiology, resulting in numerical stability and efficiency challenges. In this review, we discuss approaches to handling the coupled systems that arise from cardiovascular simulations, including recent algorithms that enable efficient large-scale simulations of the vascular system. We maintain particular focus on multiscale modeling algorithms for finite element simulations. Because these algorithms give rise to an ill-conditioned system of equations dominated by the coupled boundaries, we also discuss recent methods for solving the linear system of equations arising from these systems. We then review applications that illustrate the potential impact of these tools for clinical decision support in adult and pediatric cardiology. Finally, we offer an outlook on future directions in the field for both modeling and clinical application.
Conceptual Design and Performance Analysis of a Solar Thermal-Photovoltaic-Powered Absorption Refrigeration System
Authors: Basu Dipankar N. , Ganguly A.
Published: February 2015

A conceptual design of the power system for a water–lithium bromide absorption system is presented in this work for a given cooling load. The proposed system utilizes both solar thermal and the photovoltaic (PV) generated electrical energy for its operation. The performance of the power system is analyzed over a complete year for a designed operation strategy. It is found that the proposed system can provide an annual-average surplus of 17.4 kWh of energy per day after meeting the in-house energy requirements. Finally, an economic analysis is performed to calculate the payback period of the system.
Surface characterization of dialyzer polymer membranes by imaging ToF-SIMS and quantitative XPS line scans
Authors: Holzweber Markus , Lippitz Andreas , Krueger Katharina , Jankowski Joachim , Unger Wolfgang E. S.
Published: February 2015

The surfaces of polymeric dialyzer membranes consisting of polysulfone and polyvinylpyrrolidone were investigated regarding the lateral distribution and quantitative surface composition using time-of-flight secondary-ion-mass-spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Knowledge of the distribution and composition on the outer surface region is of utmost importance for understanding the biocompatibility of such dialyzer membranes. Both flat membranes and hollow fiber membranes were studied.
Pheromones: A New Ergogenic Aid in Sport?
Authors: Papaloucas Marios , Kyriazi Kyriaki , Kouloulias Vassilis
Published: February 2015

Nowadays, antidoping laboratories are improving detection methods to confirm the use of forbidden substances. These tests are based both on direct identification of new substances or their metabolites and on indirect evaluation of changes in gene, protein, or metabolite patterns (genomics, proteomics, or metabolomics). The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) officially monitors anabolic steroids, hormones, growth factors, β-agonists, hormone and metabolic modulators, masking agents, street drugs, manipulation of blood and blood components, chemical and physical manipulation, gene doping, stimulants, narcotics, glucocorticosteroids, and β-blockers. However, several other substances are under review by WAdA. Pheromones accomplish the structure and function of life from its first step, while they have an impact on the body’s performance. Both testosterone and pheromones have an ergogenic effect that could potentially affect an athlete’s performance. The authors share their questions concerning the potential impact of pheromones in sports.
Peak Match Speed and Maximal Sprinting Speed in Young Soccer Players: Effect of Age and Playing Position
Authors: Al Haddad Hani , Simpson Ben M. , Buchheit Martin , Di Salvo Valter , Mendez-Villanueva Alberto
Published: February 2015

This study assessed the relationship between peak match speed (PMS) and maximal sprinting speed (MSS) in regard to age and playing positions. MSS and absolute PMS (PMSAbs) were collected from 180 male youth soccer players (U13–U17, 15.0 ± 1.2 y, 161.5 ± 9.2 cm, and 48.3 ± 8.7 kg). The fastest 10-m split over a 40-m sprint was used to determine MSS. PMSAbs was recorded using a global positioning system and was also expressed as a percentage of MSS (PMSRel). Sprint data were compared between age groups and between playing positions. Results showed that regardless of age and playing positions, faster players were likely to reach higher PMSAbs and possibly lower PMSRel. Despite a lower PMSAbs than in older groups (eg, 23.4 ± 1.8 vs 26.8 ± 1.9 km/h for U13 and U17, respectively, ES = 1.9 90%, confidence limits [1.6;2.1]), younger players reached a greater PMSRel (92.0% ± 6.3% vs. 87.2% ± 5.7% for U13 and U17, respectively, ES = –0.8 90% CL [–1.0;–0.5]). Playing position also affected PMSAbs and PMSRel, as strikers were likely to reach higher PMSAbs (eg, 27.0 ± 2.7 vs 23.6 ± 2.2 km/h for strikers and central midfielders, respectively, ES = 2.0 [1.7;2.2]) and PMSRel (eg, 93.6% ± 5.2% vs 85.3% ± 6.5% for strikers and central midfielders, respectively, ES = 1.0 [0.7;1.3]) than all other positions. The findings confirm that age and playing position affect the absolute and relative intensity of speed-related actions during matches.
Monitoring Fatigue During the In-Season Competitive Phase in Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Thorpe Robin T. , Strudwick Anthony J. , Buchheit Martin , Atkinson Greg , Drust Barry , Gregson Warren
Published: February 2015

Purpose:

To quantify the relationship between daily training load and a range of potential measures of fatigue in elite soccer players during an in-season competitive phase (17 d).

Methods:

Total high-intensity-running (THIR) distance, perceived ratings of wellness (fatigue, muscle soreness, sleep quality), countermovement-jump height (CMJ), postexercise heart-rate recovery (HRR), and heart-rate variability (Ln rMSSD) were analyzed during an in-season competitive period (17 d). General linear models were used to evaluate the influence of daily fluctuation in THIR distance on potential fatigue variables.

Results:

Fluctuations in fatigue (r = −.51, large, P < .001), Ln rMSSD (r = −.24, small, P = .04), and CMJ (r = .23, small, P = .04) were significantly correlated with fluctuations in THIR distance. Correlations between variability in muscle soreness, sleep quality, and HRR and THIR distance were negligible and not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Perceived ratings of fatigue and Ln rMSSD were sensitive to daily fluctuations in THIR distance in a sample of elite soccer players. Therefore, these particular markers show promise as simple, noninvasive assessments of fatigue status in elite soccer players during a short in-season competitive phase.
Objective vs. Self-report Sedentary Behavior in Overweight and Obese Young Adults
Authors: Gibbs Bethany Barone , King Wendy C. , Davis Kelliann K. , Rickman Amy D. , Rogers Renee J. , Wahed Abdus , Belle Steven H. , Jakicic John
Published: February 2015

Background:

Sedentary behavior (SED) has been measured almost exclusively by self-reported total SED or television time in longitudinal studies. This manuscript aimed to compare self-reported vs. objectively measured SED.

Methods:

Among overweight and obese young adults enrolled in a weight loss trial, baseline SED was assessed by 3 methods: 1) a questionnaire assessing 8 common SEDs (SEDQ), 2) 1 question assessing SED from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (SEDGPAQ), and 3) a monitor worn on the arm (SEDOBJ). In addition, television time (SEDTV) was isolated from the SEDQ. SED measures were compared using Spearman’s correlations, signed-rank tests, and Bland-Altman plots.

Results:

In 448 participants, SEDQ and SEDGPAQ were only weakly associated with SEDOBJ (rs = 0.21; P < .001, rs = 0.32; P < .001, respectively). Compared with SEDOBJ, SEDQ more often overestimated SEDOBJ (median difference: 1.1 hours/day; P < .001), while SEDGPAQ more often underestimated SEDOBJ (median difference: –0.7 hours/day; P < .001). The correlation between SEDTV and SEDOBJ was not significantly different from 0 (rs = 0.08; P = .08).

Conclusions:

SEDQ and SEDGPAQ were weakly correlated with, and significantly different from, SEDOBJ in overweight and obese young adults. SEDTV was not related to SEDOBJ. The poor associations of self-reported and objectively measured SED could affect interpretation and comparison across studies relating SED to adverse health outcomes.
Need for Increased Promotion of Physical Activity Among Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Brief Report
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D.
Published: February 2015

Background:

We have a limited understanding of the physical activity (PA) and sedentary levels among individuals at risk and not at risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which was the purpose of this study.

Methods:

Data from the 2003–2004 NHANES were used, from which 3015 participants were evaluated with 416 indicating a family history of AD. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed via accelerometry with individuals at risk for AD self-reporting a family history of AD.

Results:

For the entire sample, those at risk for AD engaged in more sedentary behavior than those not at risk (494.9 vs. 477.9 min/day, P = .03, respectively). Similarly, those at risk for AD engaged in less total MVPA than those not at risk (22.4 vs. 24.3 min/day, P = .05, respectively). Results were also significant for various subgroups at risk for AD.

Conclusion:

Despite the beneficial effects of PA in preventing AD and prolonging the survival of AD, adults at risk for AD tend to engage in more sedentary behavior and less PA than those not at risk for AD. This finding even persisted among minorities (Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks) who are already at an increased risk of developing AD.
A Review of LC-Based Digitally Controlled Oscillator with High Frequency Resolution
Authors: Huang Cheng , Wang Zixuan , Chen Chao , Wu Jianhui
Published: February 2015

In 2003, a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) for cellular mobile phones was first proposed and demonstrated, and after that DCOs are widely used along with the rapid development of wireless communications. DCOs based on LC structure gain an advantage over ring oscillators in phase noise and thereby become research hotspot during the last decade. This paper presents a review of inductance capacitance (LC)-DCOs classified by circuit topologies and performance. For each DCO structure, the principle exposition and performance analysis are given in detail. Moreover, a comparison among all kinds of DCOs mentioned in this paper is presented in tabular form. Finally, we discuss the obstacle to the development of DCOs and the possible tendency for future work in summary.
Minimizing PAPR and Synchronization Errors in OFDM for WiMAX Using Software Defined Radio
Authors: Reddy B. Siva Kumar , Lakshmi B.
Published: February 2015

This paper addresses the reduction of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and synchronization errors of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for Mobile-WiMAX physical layer (PHY) standard. In the process, the best achievable PAPR of 0 dB with efficient power amplification is found for the OFDM signal using phase modulation technique, which avoids the nonlinear distortion. Further, the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and sign kurtosis maximization adaptive algorithm (SKMAA) equalizers are used in the system to reduce the synchronization errors. However, the experimental study is performed on a test platform for a practical proof of the concept. The test platform is based on the Ettus universal software radio peripheral (USRP) N210 hardware and the GNU Radio open source software. Several tests are carried out to observe the effect of equalizers on the system. The performance comparison of bit error rate/symbol error rate (BER/SER) values are tabulated for the system with and without equalization.
EPILEPTIC EEG CLASSIFICATION USING NONLINEAR PARAMETERS ON DIFFERENT FREQUENCY BANDS
Authors: MARTIS ROSHAN JOY , TAN JEN HONG , CHUA CHUA KUANG , LOON TOO CHEAH , YEO SHARON WAN JIE , TONG LOUIS
Published: February 2015

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with considerable incidence and affects the population everywhere in the world. It occurs due to recurrent unprovoked seizures which can be noninvasively diagnosed using electroencephalograms (EEGs) which are the neuronal electrical activity recorded on the scalp. The EEG signal is highly random, nonlinear, nonstationary and non-Gaussian in nature. The nonlinear features characterize the EEG more accurately than linear models. EEG comprsises of different activities like delta, theta, lower alpha, upper alpha, lower beta, upper beta and lower gamma which are correlated to the brain anatomy and its function. In the current study, the nonlinear features such as Hurst exponent (HE), Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD), largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) and sample entropy (SE) are extracted on these individual activities to provide improved discrimination. The ranked features are classified using support vector machine (SVM) with different kernel functions, decision tree (DT) and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) to select the best classifier. It is observed that SVM with radial basis function (RBF) kernel provides highest accuracy of 98%, sensitivity and specificity of 99.5% and 100%, respectively using five features. The developed methodology is ready for epilepsy screening and can be deployed in many programmes.
Research on the Distribution of Subsurface Damage Layer on SiC Substrate After Double-Side Lapping
Authors: Zhou Hai , Xu Xiaoming , Gao Xiang , Zhang Yuan
Published: February 2015

In this paper, the surface damage mechanism of silicon carbide lapping process was studied. A theoretic model between the depth of subsurface damage and surface scratch of silicon carbide substrate double-side lapping has been built. An experiment of two-sided lapping combining VK-X100/X200 shape measurement laser microscopy system with HF mild chemical etching experiment on SiC substrate was processed to obtain the distribution of surface scratch and subsurface damage layer with depth. The study shows that the thickness of subsurface damage layer decreases as the depth increases, which centrally distributes in the depth of 0–15.6 μm from outer fragmentation and scratch damage layer, which accounted for about 98.6%. The result can help us to optimize processing parameters of silicon carbide substrate double-side lapping to control the depth of subsurface damage layer.
An achievable rate for private classical information over a quantum broadcast channel
Authors: Ghazvini Alireza Nadem , AL-Din Makki Seyed Vahab , Alirezaee Shahpoor
Published: February 2015

The rate region for transmission of classical information over a quantum broadcast channel and an inner bound for the rate of transmission of private classical information over a single-user quantum channel have been achieved in the previous paper. In this work, we extended the proofs of them to obtain an achievable private classical capacity for a two receivers quantum broadcast channel.
Manipulation of the stationary entanglement of three atoms coupled to a common environment
Authors: Su Fang
Published: February 2015

In this work, we study the dynamics of three entangled atoms coupled to a common structured reservoir. The atoms are initially prepared in different W-like states characterized by different relative phases. We examine the roles of initial relative phases on the energy transfers among the individual atoms as well as atomic entanglement dynamics. We show that the features of quantum interferences induced by initial relative phases greatly affect the energy transfers and entanglement dynamics. In particular, a suitable choice of initial phases can increase atomic stationary entanglement over their initial value. The results imply a possible control strategy for atomic entanglement dynamics.
Sivers Asymmetry with QCD Evolution
Authors: Echevarria Miguel G. , Idilbi Ahmad , Kang Zhong-Bo , Vitev Ivan
Published: February 2015

We analyze the Sivers asymmetry in both Drell-Yan (DY) production and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS), while considering properly defined transverse momentum dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions and their QCD evolution. After finding a universal non-perturbative spin-independent Sudakov factor that can describe reasonably well the world's data of SIDIS, DY lepton pair and W/Z production in unpolarized scatterings, we perform a global fitting of all the experimental data on the Sivers asymmetry in SIDIS from HERMES, COMPASS and Jefferson Lab. Then we make predictions for the asymmetry in DY lepton pair and W boson production, which could be compared to the future experimental data in order to test the sign change of the Sivers function.
Phenomenology of TMDs Using SCET
Authors: Melis Stefano , D'Alesio Umberto , Echevarria Miguel G. , Scimemi Ignazio
Published: February 2015

We present a global fit of current available data for Drell-Yan and Z-boson production using the Transverse Momentum Dependent evolution formalism of Refs. [1–4]. We performed our analysis including perturbative calculable contributions up to next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy. We took into account non-perturbative corrections both to the intrinsic nucleon structure and to the evolution kernel.
Generalized Loop Space and Evolution of the Light-Like Wilson Loops
Authors: Cherednikov Igor O. , Mertens Tom
Published: February 2015

Equations of motion for the light-like QCD Wilson loops are studied in the generalized loop space (GLS) setting. To this end, the classically conformal-invariant non-local variations of the cusped Wilson exponentials lying (partially) on the light-cone are formulated in terms of the Fréchet derivative. The rapidity and renormalization-group behaviour of the gauge-invariant quantum correlation functions (in particular, the three-dimensional parton densities) are demonstrated to be connected to certain geometrical properties of the Wilson loops defined in the GLS.
The Evolution of Soft Collinear Effective Theory
Authors: Lee Christopher
Published: February 2015

Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) is an effective field theory of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) for processes where there are energetic, nearly lightlike degrees of freedom interacting with one another via soft radiation. SCET has found many applications in high-energy and nuclear physics, especially in recent years the physics of hadronic jets in e+e-, lepton-hadron, hadron-hadron, and heavy-ion collisions. SCET can be used to factorize multi-scale cross sections in these processes into single-scale hard, collinear, and soft functions, and to evolve these through the renormalization group to resum large logarithms of ratios of the scales that appear in the QCD perturbative expansion, as well as to study properties of nonperturbative effects. We overview the elementary concepts of SCET and describe how they can be applied in high-energy and nuclear physics.
Measuring Two Angularities on a Single Jet
Authors: Larkoski Andrew , Moult Ian , Neill Duff
Published: February 2015

We present an analysis of the complete singular phase space of a jet when multiple measurements have been made about the jet structure. Using Soft-Collinear Effective Field Theory, strict factorization theorems are found only for the boundaries of physical phase space in these multi-differential cross-sections. These theorems have incompatible evolution equations, but nonetheless, a resummation ansazt can be found that interpolates between the boundaries. While logarithmic accuracy cannot be guaranteed in the bulk of phase space, the ansazt reproduces the correct resummation exactly at any boundary. Aside from jet physics, applications to more exclusive PDF's and Drell-Yan event shapes are indicated.
Resummation of Jet Shapes and Extracting Properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Authors: Chien Yang-Ting
Published: February 2015

Understanding the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) that is produced in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions has been one of the top priorities of the heavy ion program at the LHC. Energetic jets are produced and subsequently quenched in the collisions. Such jet quenching phenomena provide promising tools to probe the medium properties by studying the modification of jets due to the medium interactions. Significant modifications of jet shapes have been measured. In this talk we focus on the calculation of jet shapes in both proton-proton and lead-lead collisions using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), with Glauber gluon interactions in the medium. Large logarithms in jet shapes are resummed at next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy by the renormalization-group evolution between hierarchical jet scales. The medium interactions contribute as power corrections, and we calculate the modification of jet shapes at leading order in opacity with the static QGP model. Preliminary results are presented with good agreement with the recent CMS jet shape measurements.
Virtuality Distributions and Pion Transition Form Factor
Authors: Radyushkin A. V.
Published: February 2015

Using the example of hard exclusive transition process γ*γ → π0 at the handbag level, we outline basics of a new approach to transverse momentum dependence in hard processes. In coordinate representation, matrix elements of operators (in the simplest case, bilocal 𝒪(0, z)) describing a hadron with momentum p, are functions of (pz) and z2 parametrized through virtuality distribution amplitudes (VDA) Φ(x, σ), with x being Fourier-conjugate to (pz) and σ Laplace-conjugate to z2. For intervals with z+ = 0, we introduce the transverse momentum distribution amplitude (TMDA) Ψ(x, k⊥), and write it in terms of VDA Φ(x, σ). We propose models for soft VDAs/TMDAs, and use them for comparison of handbag results with experimental (BaBar and BELLE) data. We also discuss the generation of hard tails of TMDAs from initially soft forms.
On Equations of Motion in Twist-Four Evolution
Authors: Ji Yao , Belitsky A.V.
Published: February 2015

Explicit diagrammatic calculation of evolution equations for high-twist correlation functions is a challenge already at one-loop order in QCD coupling. The main complication being quite involved mixing pattern of the so-called non-quasipartonic operators. Recently, this task was completed in the literature for twist-four nonsinglet sector. Presently, we elaborate on a particular component of renormalization corresponding to the mixing of gauge-invariant operators with QCD equations of motion. These provide an intrinsic contribution to evolution equations yielding total result in agreement with earlier computations that bypassed explicit analysis of Feynman graphs.
New Results in the Quantum Statistical Approach to Parton Distributions
Authors: Soffer Jacques , Bourrely Claude , Buccella Franco
Published: February 2015

We will describe the quantum statistical approach to parton distributions allowing to obtain simultaneously the unpolarized distributions and the helicity distributions. We will present some recent results, in particular related to the nucleon spin structure in QCD. Future measurements are challenging to check the validity of this novel physical framework.
Recent Developments at Small-x
Authors: Kovchegov Yuri V.
Published: February 2015

We present a short overview of saturation physics followed by a summary of the recent progress in our understanding of nonlinear small-x evolution. Topics include McLerran–Venugopalan model, Glauber–Mueller approximation, nonlinear BK/JIMWLK evolution equations, along with the running-coupling and NLO corrections to these equations.
Solution of the NLO BFKL Equation and γ*γ* Cross-Section at NLO
Authors: Chirilli Giovanni Antonio
Published: February 2015

The analytic NLO cross section of the γ*γ* scattering process at high-energy is calculated. The result is obtained factorizing the scattering amplitude in rapidity space using the high-energy Operator Product Expansion in terms of composite Wilson line operators. The next-to-leading logarithmic resummation is included employing the solution of the NLO BFKL equation which obtained from the linearization of the evolution in rapidity space of the composite Wilson line operators.
NLO Hierarchy of Wilson Lines Evolution
Authors: Balitsky I.
Published: February 2015

The high-energy behavior of QCD amplitudes can be described in terms of the rapidity evolution of Wilson lines. I present the hierarchy of evolution equations for Wilson lines in the next-to-leading order.
Jet Quenching Beyond the Energy Loss Approach
Authors: Ovanesyan Grigory
Published: February 2015

We study the jet quenching effect in heavy ion collisions, based on medium-induced splitting functions calculated from Soft Collinear Effective Theory with Glauber Gluons. Our method is formulated in the language of DGLAP evolution equations with medium-induced splitting functions. In the small-x soft gluon approximation we analytically solve the evolution equations and find an intuitive connection to the energy loss approach. For central Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC we quantify the effect of finite-x corrections for the nuclear modification factor and compare to data.
Program of COMPASS-II at CERN
Authors: Sandacz A.
Published: February 2015

COMPASS collaboration has started in 2012 a five-year program of new measurements, which are outlined in the 'COMPASS-II' proposal. The two new major projects of the proposal are measurements of polarized Drell-Yan process in π- scattering off transversely polarized protons and studies of GPDs via measurements of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering and Hard Exclusive Meson Production in muon scattering off a liquid hydrogen target. In addition, high statistics SIDSI measurements with muon beams and a study of charged pion and kaon polarizabilities via Primakoff reactions with hadron beams are also foreseen as a part of this program.
Privacy implications of health information seeking on the web
Authors: Libert Timothy
Published: February 2015

A revealing picture of how personal health information searches become the property of private corporations.
Who owns IT?
Authors: Andriole Stephen J.
Published: February 2015

What was once centralized or federated technology governance is increasingly participatory.
META II
Authors: Long Dave
Published: February 2015

Revisiting Schorre's 1962 compiler-compiler.
Q&A
Authors: Hoffmann Leah
Published: February 2015

The creator of the Eiffel programming language discusses his career in industry and academia, "Design by Contract," and his views on Agile software development.
Copyrightability of Java APIs revisited
Authors: Samuelson Pamela
Published: February 2015

A recent case challenges the long-standing view that application program interfaces are not protectable under copyright law.
Humans in computing
Authors: King John Leslie
Published: February 2015

Considering the role of institutional review boards in computing research.
Continental Lower Crust
Authors: Hacker Bradley R. , Kelemen Peter B. , Behn Mark D.
Published: February 2015

The composition of much of Earth's lower continental crust is enigmatic. Wavespeeds require that 10–20% of the lower third is mafic, but the available heat-flow and wavespeed constraints can be satisfied if lower continental crust elsewhere contains anywhere from 49 to 62 wt% SiO2. Thus, contrary to common belief, the lower crust in many regions could be relatively felsic, with SiO2 contents similar to andesites and dacites. Most lower crust is less dense than the underlying mantle, but mafic lowermost crust could be unstable and likely delaminates beneath rifts and arcs. During sediment subduction, subduction erosion, arc subduction, and continent subduction, mafic rocks become eclogites and may continue to descend into the mantle, whereas more silica-rich rocks are transformed into felsic gneisses that are less dense than peridotite but more dense than continental upper crust. These more felsic rocks may rise buoyantly, undergo decompression melting and melt extraction, and be relaminated to the base of the crust. As a result of this refining and differentiation process, such relatively felsic rocks could form much of Earth's lower crust.