bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Potential Maintainer and Restorer Lines Using Testcross Hybrids
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Amir , Hasan Md. Jamil , Kulsum Mosammat Umma , Sarker Md. Mahathir
Published: August 2018

Five CMS lines were crossed with 49 genotypes as ‘testers‘ to get 245 hybrids. The 245 hybrids were subjected to pollen and spikelet fertility analysis. Among the 245 hybrids 21 hybrids were expressed as restorers, 24 as maintainers, and 200 intermediate types. Six tester‘s viz., BR6592-4-6-4, BR6839-41-5-1, IR74052-184-3-3, IR72593-B-3-2-2-2, BR7011-37-1-2, and IR72049-B-R-22-3-1-1 were identified as restorers for highest 2 lines out of the five CMS lines, differently. None of them were found to be restorer for all the five CMS lines. BAU581 was found to be maintainer for four lines except for D.ShanA. Purbachi was found to be maintainer for three lines except for D.ShanA and IR73328A out of the five CMS lines. Out of 245 crosses only 45 crosses contributed directly to the identification of maintainer and restorer. Other crosses were more or, less of intermediate types which indicated neither maintainer nor restorer. It is well known that, pollen fertility is controlled by one dominant gene (RfRf). If pollen fertility is governed by only one gene the product would be either restorer or, maintainer where will be no existence of intermediate types. So, there might be modifier genes in different genotypes which interacted with male sterile nuclear genes that resulted in intermediate male sterility in the crosses.
Volunteer Cyber-Navigators in Libraries
Authors: Onufriyenko G. F.
Published: August 2018

The article refers to the educational electronic service provided in libraries by volunteer instructors, who help users, mostly those unemployed and elderly, to master computer literacy, work with the Internet , and search for information, especially concerning the labor market. Launched at the Chicago Public Library, in which, under the conditions of manifestation of the so-called phenomenon of library axiom, volunteers act as digital social workers, the CyberNavigator program has become one of the most sought-after and contributed to reducing the digital inequality in this megalopolis. Having familiarized with the American practice in the fi eld of library volunteering, during an educational trip to the United States, Polish specialists, studying foreign experience in the organization of modern volunteering to increase the level of its development in their country, decided to adopt a new service addressed to persons with diffi culties in accessing to information and communication technologies (ICT). To do this, they created and implemented a pilot project called “Information for Citizens — Cyber-Navigators in Libraries”. Its main objective was to introduce a system of continuous electronic training for persons with diffi culties in accessing to ICT by implementing a specifi c service of “cyber-navigators” in libraries. The authors of the project strived to implement digital and media training in libraries, both for those users “delimited by the digit” and for librarians to develop various forms of lessons for visitors like that (trai nings, instructions, consultations, etc.). The authors also wanted to identify the needs in the fi eld of users’ digital training and to attract volunteers in professional library activities, basing on the experience of American libraries and taking into account the Polish realities. The idea of cyber-navigation appeared to be so timely and fruitful, that the libraries have included this informal educational service in their list of permanent ones.
Evolution of V.B. Sven’s Creative Work: From Essays and Stories to the Big Epic Form
Authors: Babicheva M. E.
Published: August 2018

The article for the fi rst time attempts to introduce into the Russian cultural circulation the creative heritage of V.B. Sven, whose 120th anniversary of birth was celebrated in 2017. This writer of the second wave of Russian emigration is now almost unknown in homeland. His works, however, deserve to be noticed by Russian readers and researchers. Firstly, V.B. Sven’s works, due to their high artistic level, are an integral part of Russian culture. Secondly, the writer refl ected in his literature a number of interesting historical and cultural phenomena, characteristic of the era he wrote about. A literary analysis of V.B. Sven’s works is given in correlation with his unusual biography. Many facts from the writer’s life are refl ected only in sources diffi cult to access; they are presented to a wide audience in this work for the fi rst time. The article considers the specifi cs of V.B. Sven’s creative style in the evolutionary development. The article develops a periodization of the literary array created by the writer and justifi es the conditionality of its division into periods. It shows the infl uence of M.M. Prishvin on the work of V.B. Sven, determines the place of the writer in the emigrant literature, analyzes the reviews of his works written by his contemporary critics-emigrants. Much attention is paid to the artistic innovation of V.B. Sven, his experiments in the fi eld of artistic form, inherent in later works. The article highlights the mystical element in the worldview and, accordingly, in works of the writer, and the specifi c cultural phenomenon closely associated with it — Miklashevsky’s “system”, which became the content and structural center of one of his works. The article distinguishes between the diffi culty of seeing any V.B. Sven’s lifetime printed publications, on the one hand, and the availability of texts of his works in digitized form, on the other. There is emphasized the importance, in a situation like this, of information about the existence of the works, about their merits and accessibility. The references to the article include a list of sites where the main works of the author can be found.
Orest Nasturel’s Unknown Note in the Catecheses of Theodore the Studite
Authors: Anisimova T. V.
Published: August 2018

The article investigates and publishes a previously unknown note-autograph of Orest Nasturel, a famous book figure of the first half of the 17th century, who made a significant contribution to the popular education in Wallachia. Orest Nasturel held the high position of the second logothete at the court of the Wallachian ruler Matei Basarab. Despite his busy schedule, he devoted much of his time to collecting ancient manuscripts, translating Latin and Church Slavonic books into Romanian, and publishing them. Establishing the facts of Orest Nasturel’s biography is based, in historiography, on the analysis of the records he left in books. The scientific novelty of this research stems from the fact that, for the first time, there is introduced into scientific circulation Orest Nasturel’s handwritten owner’s entry, found in the manuscript book of Catecheses of Theodore the Studite in the Collection of SlavonicRussian Manuscripts of E.E. Egorov of the Russian State Library (Manuscripts Department, coll. 98, no. 949). According to this record, dated 1642, Orest Nasturel, inspecting once the sovereign’s monasteries, found in the Snagov Monastery (now Romania) an ancient manuscript crumbling from decay. Since it was not possible to save it, Orest Nasturel made a long journey to Rybnitsa (now the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic), where a famous book master named Nikolai made for him, in 1642, a copy of this book, which Orest then put into the Trinity Cozia Monastery (now Romania.) In the 19th century, the book was taken in Russia, probably by Russian old believers, where it first came to the collection of the antiquarian-bookseller I.L. Silin, and then was purchased from him by E.E. Egorov. The author conducted the dating of the manuscript’s watermarks (the 1640s) and compared the note’s handwriting with known autographs of Orest Nasturel. It is noted that the beautiful head-piece and the initials of Egorov’s Collection are close to the manuscript of Octoechos of the middle of the 17th century, stored in Belgrade in the Library of Serbian Patriarchate. According to a postscript in it, the Octoechos was made in a Slavic monastery of Athos. It is established that such decoration was quite popular for South Slavic manuscripts in the middle of the 17th century, and, therefore, it was hardly copied by the scribe Nikolai from an ancient original. The main results of the study are the detection, identification, attribution, reading and publication of the previously unknown note-autograph, as well as geographical and chronological localization of the list. The author emphasizes the value of Egorov’s Collection for studying by the specialists in the field of philology and linguistics, and sets a promising task of recreating the content, language features and dating of the lost protograph.
Atomic force microscopy reveals structural variability amongst nuclear pore complexes
Authors: Stanley George J , Fassati Ariberto , Hoogenboom Bart W
Published: August 2018

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a proteinaceous assembly that regulates macromolecular transport into and out of the nucleus. Although the structure of its scaffold is being revealed in increasing detail, its transport functionality depends upon an assembly of intrinsically disordered proteins (called FG-Nups) anchored inside the pore's central channel, which have hitherto eluded structural characterization. Here, using high-resolution atomic force microscopy, we provide a structural and nanomechanical analysis of individual NPCs. Our data highlight the structural diversity and complexity at the nuclear envelope, showing the interplay between the lamina network, actin filaments, and the NPCs. It reveals the dynamic behaviour of NPC scaffolds and displays pores of varying sizes. Of functional importance, the NPC central channel shows large structural diversity, supporting the notion that FG-Nup cohesiveness is in a range that facilitates collective rearrangements at little energetic cost. Finally, different nuclear transport receptors are shown to interact in qualitatively different ways with the FG-Nups, with particularly strong binding of importin-β.
La flexibilidad laboral como retorno a una concepción liberal de las relaciones de trabajo
Authors: Cos Egea Manrique
Published: August 2018

El objeto del presente estudio es analizar de qué manera la idea de flexibilidad laboral que informa la conformación del actual Derecho del Trabajo supone un retorno a la concepción liberal de las relaciones laborales. Para ello, el trabajo se estructurará en tres apartados. En el primero de ellos, se recuerda que el principio de libertad igual en el que se basaba el liberalismo decimonónico se tradujo, en el ámbito de las relaciones de trabajo, en la estipulación jurídica de situaciones de explotación entre empresarios burgueses y trabajadores por cuenta ajena.

En el segundo apartado se analiza el surgimiento del Estado Social y de la legislación laboral como instrumento de limitación del poder de dirección del empresario.

En el tercer y último apartado del trabajo constataremos como la flexibilidad laboral, que se presenta por el neoliberalismo como la mejor forma de articular la relación del mercado con el factor trabajo, supone el retorno a una concepción liberal de las relaciones de trabajo en tanto se produce un reforzamiento de los poderes empresariales que introduce la precariedad en el seno de estas relaciones.
Evolución de la inserción de titulados del Grado en Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos de la Universidade da Coruña
Authors: Del Hoyo Ruiz Blanca
Published: August 2018

La adaptación de los estudios universitarios al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) conlleva el análisis y evaluación de determinados criterios en orden a establecer la validez y adaptación de los nuevos sistemas de aprendizaje al entorno socioeconómico y laboral.

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar los indicadores de inserción laboral que determinen la correspondencia del perfil de egreso esperado respecto del perfil de egreso real de los titulados del Grado.

Se han revisado los datos disponibles sobre egresados entrevistados telefónicamente por la Axencia para a Calidade do Sistema Universitario Galego (ACSUG) (235 entrevistados), a través de cuestionarios por el Observatorio Ocupacional de la Universidade da Coruña (UDC) (288 egresados) y mediante encuestas de satisfacción de los centros en los que se imparte el grado en la UDC (207 titulados).

Los principales resultados se refieren a la percepción de los titulados sobre la formación recibida en la titulación, las características de acceso al empleo y las condiciones del trabajo que desempeñan, siendo la conclusión principal que el perfil de egreso real es acorde al perfil esperado, el cual mantiene su validez respecto del ámbito académico y sociolaboral del entorno.
INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP, HAPPINESS, INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION TO NORMATIVE COMMITMENT OF PUBLIC JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN KAMPAR REGENCY OF RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Sispurwanto Yedi , Luddin Muchlis R. , Fitri Rugaiyah
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study is to study the influence of leadership, happiness, interpersonal communication to normative commitment of public Junior High School teachers in Kampar Regency of Riau Province. This research uses a quantitative approach with the survey method. The sample of this research is 148 lecturers of civil servant status (PNS) at public Junior High Schools (SMP Negeri) located in Kampar Regency, which is collected from 4 schools, selected based on schools that get the highest National Examination (UN) and National Examination Integrity Index (IIUN) value at 4 sub-districts. The results of this study indicate that (1) leadership has a direct effect on the teacher's normative commitment, (2) happiness directly affects teacher's normative commitment, (3) interpersonal communication has a direct effect on teachers' normative commitment; (4) direct influence toward teacher interpersonal communication (5) happiness directly affects teacher's interpersonal communication, (6) leadership has a direct effect on teacher's happiness, so teacher's normative commitment can be improved if there is a good leadership behavior, happiness in workplace and intimacy in interpersonal communication.

Especially for Kampar Regency of Riau Province, the region which is nicknamed “Riau Province' Veranda of Mecca”, to increase teachers' normative commitment is to facilitate the needs related to facilities and infrastructure, programs, activities that can improve science and practice values ​​to muslim teachers because based on the questionnaire results, the majority of teachers responded to the point that: "I pursue the teaching profession as worship to Allah Subhanahu Wata'ala", with a total score of 707. The statements of the teachers are in line with the Vision of RPJPD (Regional Long Term Development Plan) of Kampar Regency Year 2005-2025, namely: "Kampar Regency a County of Culture, Empowerment, within the Religious Society in the year of 2025", and explained to the explanation of the meaning contained in the vision, in point three, : "All components of Kampar regency are determined to make the religious society, where all aspects of life that are run are always based on religious values, in accordance with Kampar community motto to create Kampar district as “Riau Province' Veranda of Mecca”.

Keywords: leadership, happiness, interpersonal communication, normative commitment
Türkiye Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Üretim Değerlerinin Bölgesel Düzeyde Panel Endeks ile Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Authors: KARAMAN Süleyman
Published: August 2018

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de
son 12 yılda Düzey  bölgelerinin bitkisel üretim ve hayvancılık
faaliyeti üretim değeri performansı ve çiftçilerin tarımsal desteklerden
yararlanma düzeyleri bölgesel düzeyde hesaplanan Panel Veri Endeksi ile
karşılaştırılmaktadır. Türkiye’de tarımsal üretim değeri en fazla TR3 bölgesinde
gerçekleşmiştir. Bu durumun gerçekleşmesinde tarım sektörüne tarımsal politika
araçlarıyla sağlanan desteklerin önemli katkısı olduğu söylenebilir. Çünkü TR3
bölgesi, TRC bölgesinden sonra en fazla tarımsal destek alan bölgedir. TR3
bölgesini, tarımsal üretim değeri açısından sırasıyla, TR7, TR5 ve TRC
bölgeleri izlemektedir. TR9 ve TRC bölgelerinde bitkisel üretim faaliyetinde
kullanılan desteğin üretim değerine yansıması bazı yıllarda belirgin olarak
görülmektedir.  TR9 bölgesinde fındık ve
çay, TRC bölgesinde stratejik bir ürün olan pamuk üretildiği için desteklemenin
etkisi doğrudan görülebilmektedir. Hayvancılık faaliyeti yapan çiftçilere
verilen destek 2013 yılına kadar artarak maksimum düzeye ulaşmıştır. Daha
sonraki dönemde desteklemenin azalmasıyla birlikte hayvansal üretim değerinin
de düştüğü görülmektedir. Hayvancılık faaliyeti bölgesel üretim değeri
performanslarına göre TRC bölgesi, son dönemde hayvansal üretim değeri
açısından 2013 yılında 128, 2014 yılında 125 panel endeks değeri ile diğer bölgeler
ve yıllara göre en iyi performansı göstermiştir. Diğer ifadeyle, son yılda
diğer bölgelere göre %25 daha fazla hayvansal üretim değeri gerçekleşmiştir.
TR5, TR6, TRA, TRC ve TR7 bölgelerinde, son dönemde, hayvansal üretim değerinin
panel endeks değeri 100’ün üzerindedir.
Nitrik Oksit Uygulamalarının Bitkilerde Abiyotik Stres Şartlarına Toleransı Arttırmadaki Etkileri
Authors: EKİNCİ Melek , ÖRS Selda , TURAN Metin , YILDIRIM Ertan
Published: August 2018

Günümüzde bitkisel üretimini sınırlandıran çevresel stres faktörleri
nedeniyle, yetiştiricilikte bitkinin normal ürün potansiyeline ulaşmasını
sağlayacak uygun alanların bulunması oldukça zorlaşmıştır. Tarımsal üretimin
azalmasında çok büyük oranda abiyotik stres, daha düşük oranlarda ise diğer
stres faktörleri etkilidir. Abiyotik stres faktörleri olarak, kuraklık, tuzluluk,
yüksek ve düşük sıcaklık, sel, radyasyon, ağır metaller, oksidatif stres,
rüzgâr, besin maddesi eksikliği gibi faktörler sayılabilir ve bu stres
kaynakları bitki gelişimini, kaliteyi ve verimliliği olumsuz yönde
etkilemektedir. Gaz halindeki farklı bileşikler arasında, nitrik oksitin (NO)
bitkilere dışarıdan uygulanması son yıllarda daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. NO
tohum çimlenmesi ve fide büyümesinin iyileştirilmesi gibi bitkilerde
düzenleyici rollerinin yanı sıra, metal toksisitesi, sıcaklık, kuraklık ve
tuzluluk gibi farklı abiyotik streslere karşı da koruyucu bir rol oynamaktadır.
Bu makalede bitkilerin kuraklık, tuzluluk, yüksek ve düşük sıcaklık ile ağır
metaller gibi abiyotik stres koşullarında NO uygulamalarının etkileri
tartışılmıştır.
EFFICIENCY OF THE FOREST RECLAMATION IN EROSION HAZARD AGROLANPSCAPES
Authors: Manayenkov А. S. , Korneeva Е. А.
Published: August 2018

The economic analysis of the agro-economic efficiency of forest reclamation, based on the calculation of the cost of soil fertility and crop losses in the eroded arable land of the Russian Plain, prevented by runoff-regulating forest belts, shows that it depends on three main factors: site inclination and the degree of washout of the soil cover; natural and climatic conditions; bio-engineering features of afforestation. The control of forest strips of soil erosion in the agrolandscape occurs with optimal inter-band spaces, which decrease with increasing steepness of the slope and increase (in the zonal direction) as the annual rainfall norm and the volume of erosion-dangerous runoff decrease, and when forest-forming breeds adapt to washed-out soils. The most significant anti-erosion effect in annual terms in all natural areas is achieved with forest-meliorative development of slopes with a steepness of more than 5 degrees with strongly washed soils. Its value is about 60–200 thousand rubles per 1 hectare of reclaimed land. At the same time, the agro-meliorative effect is 6–7 thousand rubles / ha per year. Aggregate agro-economic efficiency for the entire service life of forest belts under the accepted conditions is equal to 0.5–8.0 million rubles (in prices of 2017). In the zonal section, the effectiveness of the anti-erosion forest melioration decreases from the forest-steppe to the dry steppe. Forest belts of fast-growing early ripening species exceed the forest belts from durable breeds by 9–33% by average annual efficiency. However, in the calculation for the entire service life of the stand, they are inferior to them by 14–26%.
Empowering Yoruba Women in Nigeria to Prevent HIV/AIDS: The Relative Significance of Behavioural and Social Determinant Models
Authors: Alo Oluwatosin Ige , Alo Oluwatosin Ige
Published: August 2018

This article uncovers the relevance to practice of behavioural and social determinant models of HIV prevention among Yoruba women in Nigeria. Exploring what factors influence health behaviour in heterosexual relationships, the key question raised was whether the women’s experiences support the assumptions and prescriptions for action of these two dominant public health models. Eight focus group discussions and 39 in-depth interviews were conducted, which involved 121 women and men who were chosen purposefully and through self-nomination technique. This study revealed that the women were very much constrained by social environments in negotiating safe sex, despite having at least a basic knowledge of HIV prevention. Limiting factors included the fear of relationship breakup, economic dependence, violence, and the difficulties in justifying why they feel the need to insist on condom use, especially since initiating condom use is antithetical to trust. Furthermore, evidence suggested that improved access to income and education might be vital but it does not automatically constitute a direct means of empowering women to prevent HIV infection. The limitations of both behavioural and social determinants perspectives thus suggests the need for a combination prevention model, which focuses on how social, behavioural and biomedical factors overlap in shaping health outcomes.
Estrutura da informação em Gramática de Construções Baseada no Uso: o caso da construção pseudoclivada
Authors: Oliveira Diego Leite de
Published: August 2018

O artigo discute a estrutura da informação em uma perspectiva construcionista. São analisadas construções pseudoclivadas do russo em comparação com suas contrapartes em português brasileiro e inglês. Essa análise indica que, ao mesmo tempo que as pseudoclivadas em russo exibem similaridades com suas contrapartes nas línguas mencionadas, apresentam especificidades relacionadas à estrutura da informação. Nesse caso, foi possível postular para o russo um padrão de herança particular, em que a pseudoclivada herda propriedades de uma construção de foco mais abstrata, pareando a função de foco com a posição final da sentença.
ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENT AND FORECAST DEMOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL RURAL KHERSON REGION
Authors: Burova O.B.
Published: August 2018

The current state of development of rural areas, in particular, demographic potential of the region, is analyzed. The results of our studies indicate that the processes of democrats become irreversible, reduce the life expectancy of the peasants, is rapidly aging, and intensify migration. Despite some positive developments, the birth and death rate in Ukraine remains difficult and unfavorable for the future development of the state. The processes of destruction of the settlement network are described. Southern economic region ranks second among the regions with the lowest number of degenerate villages. The total mortality rate for one generation in Ukraine has almost doubled. The mortality rate of men of working age increases especially intensively. A positive trend is to reduce the mortality rate of newborns and infants under the age of 1 year. A regional forecast for the number of settlements and grouping of districts by population density has been developed. In the Kherson region, villages are far removed from each other, regional and district centers (except for the suburban area). Analyzing the current state of the demographic situation in Ukraine, it should be noted that the exhaustion of the potential of demographic growth determines the impossibility of not only expanded, but also simple reproduction of the population in the near future. The estimation of the demographic situation in the Kherson region was made and the directions of the exit from the demographic and settlement crisis in the rural areas were proposed. Numerous studies of this problem indicate that neither the administrative-territorial transformations of rural territories, nor the nationally-developed programs for improving the living standards of peasants are not able to compensate for the growing negative and threatening influence of depopulation in Ukrainian villages.
Comparison of Tumor Target Volume on Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Lung Cancer
Authors: Boonyawan Keeratikarn , Naivikul Sasipilai , Puataweepong Putipun , Chamroonrat Wichana , Swangsilpa Thiti , Ruangkanchanasetr Rawee
Published: August 2018

Objective: The correlation between 18F-fluorodexyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) based-tumor volumes is unclear. This prospective study was conducted to determine the optimal threshold of PET/CT for gross tumor volume (GTV) delineation using 4DCT as the standard reference for locally advanced lung cancer patients.Material and Methods: Ten patients with histologically proven primary lung cancer who underwent radiotherapy fromJune 2017 to March 2018 in Ramathibodi Hospital were enrolled in the study. The 4DCT simulation and 18F-FDG PET/CT simulation were performed on the same position and same date. Eight standard uptake value (SUV) thresholds of SUV 1.5.0-2.0 and 15.0-35.0% of maximum SUV were selected for contouring in order to be compared with 4DCT based tumor volumes. The comparison methods used were the mean percentage volume change, dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and 3D-centroid shift of the targets between 18F-FDG PET/CT-based gross tumor volume (GTVPET) and internal gross tumor volume (IGTV) from 4DCT.Results: The largest and smallest volume of primary tumors were 422.6 cm3 and 5.9 cm3. GTVPET contoured using SUV 1.5 (GTVPET1.5) approximated closely to IGTV in all the parameters, including volume change, DSC, and 3D-centroid shift. The best median percentage volume change, median DSC, and median centroid shift between IGTV and GTVPET1.5 were 5.55, 0.745 and 0.37, respectively.Conclusion: GTVPET contoured by 18F-FDG PET at SUV1.5 corresponded most closely to the IGTV in all parameters. Further study with a larger sample size and clinical outcome analysis is needed.
ANALISIS ETIKA BISNIS DAN MARKETING NABI MUHAMMAD SAW
Authors: Adzkiya’ Ubbadul
Published: August 2018

AbstrakEtika bisnis yang dilakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad menjadi menarik untuk dikaji, beliau yang hidup dalam masyarakat Arab bercorak ke-jahiliyyah-an berhasil menerapkan nilai-nilai etika, sebuah kesuksesan luar biasa. Melihat latar belakang kesuksesan Nabi Muhammad dalam berbisnis, sehingga kita patut meneliti, pertama, etika bisnis yang dijalankan Nabi Muhammad. Kedua, serta dalam sektor marketing yang beliau lakukan, karena marketing merupakan ini dari sebuah bisnis. Penulis menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan sejarah. Penulis mencoba menguak fakta sejarah dibalik kesuksesan Nabi Muhammad dalam berbisnis. Melalui pendekatan sejarah diharapkan dapat memberi gambaran tentang etika bisnis dan marketing yang dipraktekkan oleh Nabi Muhammad. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah telah membuktikan bahwa; pertama, Nabi Muhammad adalah pedagang sukses, proses panjang yang telah beliau jalani menjadi tuntunan bagi umat manusia untuk meneladani etika bisnis beliau dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Pengalamannya sebagai seorang pedagang Nabi Muhammad dapatkan jauh sebelum beliau diutus oleh Allah swt menjadi Nabi dan Rasul. Dan kemudian dari beberapa pengalaman Nabi Muhammad dilegislasikan dalam bentuk sabda setelah beliau diutus. Kedua, Dalam praktek-prakteknya beliau selalu menjunjung tinggi kemanusiaan dan tidak hanya duniawi oriented. Beliau selalu menjaga sifat jujur, ikhlas, profesional, silaturrahim dan murah hati dalam semua aktifitasnya terutama dalam bisnisnya.Keywords: etika, bisnis, dan Muhammad Abstract Business ethics conducted by the Prophet Muhammad became interesting to be studied, he was living in Arab society patterned the jahiliyyah-an successfully applied ethical values. So it can reap a tremendous success. By looking at the background of the Prophet Muhammad's success in business, we should examine, firstly, the business ethics of Prophet Muhammad carried. Secondly, in the marketing sector that he did, because marketing is this form a business. The author uses a qualitative methodology with a historical approach. The author tries to uncover the historical facts behind the success of the Prophet Muhammad in business. Using the historical approach is expected to give an overview of business ethics and marketing practiced by the Prophet Muhammad. Using the historical approach has proved that; first, the Prophet Muhammad is a successful trader, the long process he has undergone as a guide for mankind to emulate his business ethics in his daily life. His experience as a trader of the Prophet Muhammad got long before he was sent by Allah swt to be Prophet and Messenger. And then from some experiences the Prophet Muhammad was legislated in the form of the word after he was sent. Secondly, In his practices he always upholds humanity and is not only worldly oriented. He always maintain the nature of honest, sincere, professional, silaturrahim and generous in all his activities, especially in business.Keyword: etic, business and Muhammad
THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE TEXTS IN ENGLISH BIOLOGY TEXTBOOK ENTITLED ANIMAL TAXONOMY
Authors: Herningtyasari Gadis
Published: August 2018

This study aims to describe the errors are found in English Biology Textbook entitled Animal Taxonomy. By using Qualitative Descriptive method, this study classifies the errors based on Dulay, Burt, and Karshen (1982) method about Error Analysis, namely Omission, Addition, Misformation, and Misordering. From the results of the study, it was found that some categories of errors in which Omission Error is caused by the missing of items that need to complete the phrases or sentences. Then, addition error in which the addition of unnecessary items in the phrase or sentences. The next is Misformation refers to wrong form of words. The last is Misordering refers to incorrect placement of a morpheme or a group of morpheme. The errors are found in English Biology Textbook entitled Animal Taxonomy are caused by the different rules of grammar such as the construction of adjective and noun phrase, grammatical endings, the use of tenses, and the use of articles between two languages. From this output, it can be seen that Omission and Misordering are the dominant errors in English Biology Textbook entitled Animal Taxonomy. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the text in English Biology Textbook entitled Animal Taxonomy to make it useable. Key words: Errors, English Biology Textbook, qualitative descriptive method.
PENANAMAN NILAI – NILAI NASIONALISME DALAM PENDIDIKAN PONDOK PESENTREN MIFTAHUL ULUM UNGARAN TIMUR KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Rois Nur
Published: August 2018

Abstrak Nasionalisme merupakan suatu konsep yang meletakan kesetiaan tertinggi seseorang kepada suatu negara atau dapat pula diartikan bahwa nasionalisme adalah kesadaran akan ketidaksamaan asasi antara penjajah dan si terjajah. Nilai nilai nasionalisme di Indonesia pada dasarnya merupakan perspektif dari nilainilai Pancasila. Penanaman nilai-nilai nasionalisme bersifat menyeluruh bagi semua kalangan masyarakat termasuk instansi-instansi atau lembaga-lembaga yang termasuk di dalamnya. Salah satu lembaga pendidikan nonformal di Indonesia yang diakui eksistensinya oleh pemerintah adalah pondok pesantren. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemaknaan penanaman nilai-nilai nasionalisme dalam lingkup kehidupan sehari-hari di Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Ulum Susukan Kab. Semarang dibuktikan melalui kegiatan-kegiatan seperti Pengajian Kitab Bandongan, Bahtsul Masa’il, kerja bakti bersama, kegiatan perkoperasian, diskusi bersama, konsultasi, dan kegiatan latihan pramuka yang diikuti oleh santri.Kata Kunci : nasionalisme, nilai-nilai nasionalisme, dan pondok pesantren. AbstractNationalisme is a concept which puts someanes’ highest loyality to a country or can be called that nationalism is a awareness about unbalance basic right behween colonizer and the colonized. The nationalism values in indonesia is a perspective from five princples (Pancasila) values. The implementation of national value is comprehensive for all community elements induding agenaes recoginized by the goverment is pondok pesantren. The result of this study shaws that the meaning of implementation of nationalsm values in daily life in Pondok Pesantren Mifathul Ulum Susukan Ungaran Semaramng proved by activities on discussing religion studies Bandangan (Kitab Bandongan), bahtsul Masa’il, Community service in pondok, cooperatives activity, consultation and baysout activity.Keywords: Nationalism, Nationalism Values and Pondok Pesantren
DESARROLLO Y ROL DE LAS PROVINCIAS. UN NUEVO ROL DE LOS ESTADOS PROVINCIALES EN MATERIA DE DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO
Authors: Guerrieri Hugo Daniel
Published: August 2018

El objetivo general es formular un cambio de rol de los estados provinciales argentinos frente a los desafíos que presenta el actual contexto internacional para nuestra Nación en materia de crecimiento sustentable y productivo basado en la equidad y la cohesión social con una perspectiva estratégica compartida. El estado nacional debe hacer uso de la racionalidad para poder planificar su desarrollo integral por lo que, frente a esta realidad, los estados provinciales deben reformular su rol para acompañar ese proceso con los suficientes recursos y con políticas e instrumentos verdaderamente efectivos para el desarrollo de las economías regionales. Tomamos como caso de estudio a la provincia de Buenos Aires y abordamos, a modo de ejemplo, el presupuesto provincial y el Régimen de Promoción Industrial, donde analizamos la distribución de los recursos y la aplicación del referido instrumento en los últimos cinco años y su impacto en la economía real bonaerense. Finalmente, formulamos nuestras ideas para el nuevo enfoque que proponemos, que apunta a producir un diametral cambio de dirección de la gestión provincial para promover con éxito el desarrollo económico.AbstractThis article aims broadly at formulating a role change in Argentine provincial governments when tackling challenges presented by the current international context for Argentina in terms of sustainable and productive growth based on equity and social cohesion with a shared strategic perspective. The Argentine government must act rationally to be able to plan an integral development; accordingly, provincial governments must reformulate their role to accompany such process by using appropriate resources and applying truly effective policies and instruments for regional economies to develop. As a case study, we take the province of Buenos Aires’ budget and its “Industrial Promotion Schedule”, where we examine how resources were allocated and how said schedule was applied in the last five years as well as its impact on the real economy of Buenos Aires. Finally, we formulate our ideas for the new approach we propose, which aims at producing a dramatic change in the direction of provincial management for a successful economic development.
The Current State of Deep Brain Stimulation for Chronic Pain and Its Context in Other Forms of Neuromodulation
Authors: Farrell Sarah Marie , Green Alexander , Aziz Tipu
Published: August 2018

Chronic intractable pain is debilitating for those touched, affecting 5% of the population. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has fallen out of favour as the centrally implantable neurostimulation of choice for chronic pain since the 1970–1980s, with some neurosurgeons favouring motor cortex stimulation as the ‘last chance saloon’. This article reviews the available data and professional opinion of the current state of DBS as a treatment for chronic pain, placing it in the context of other neuromodulation therapies. We suggest DBS, with its newer target, namely anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), should not be blacklisted on the basis of a lack of good quality study data, which often fails to capture the merits of the treatment.
Removal of the Recalcitrant Artificial Sweetener Sucralose and Its By-Products from Industrial Wastewater Using Microbial Reduction/Oxidation of Iron
Authors: Ivanov Volodymyr , Stabnikov Viktor , Tay Joo Hwa
Published: August 2018

The wastewater of the industrial production of artificial sweetener sucralose contained an average 1100 mg/L of total organic carbon (TOC) with 2100 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand and 10 mg/L of biological oxygen demand. Biodegradability of the wastewater components was low due to chlorinated organic substances. The combined chemical and biological treatment of this wastewater in the bioreactors with hematite iron ore removed up to 70% of TOC. About 20% of TOC was removed quickly by adsorption on iron ore particles, but adsorption/precipitation of others up to 50% of TOC was due to ferrous/ferric ions and hydroxides produced during microbial reduction and dissolution of iron ore. The calculated dosage of iron ore with 150 regeneration cycles could be 46.7 g/L of wastewater. Thus, the treatment of wastewater with iron ore and iron-reducing bacteria diminished the quantity of granulated activated carbon that is used in the treatment of sucralose production wastewater by up to 70%.
Provably Secure Covert Communication on Blockchain
Authors: Partala Juha
Published: August 2018

Blockchain is a public open ledger that provides data integrity in a distributed manner. It is the underlying technology of cryptocurrencies and an increasing number of related applications, such as smart contracts. The open nature of blockchain together with strong integrity guarantees on the stored data makes it a compelling platform for covert communication. In this paper, we suggest a method of securely embedding covert messages into a blockchain. We formulate a simplified ideal blockchain model based on existing implementations and devise a protocol that enables two parties to covertly communicate through the blockchain following that model. We also formulate a rigorous definition for the security and covertness of such a protocol based on computational indistinguishability. Finally, we show that our method satisfies this definition in the random oracle model for the underlying cryptographic hash function.
Self-Assembled Structures of Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends through Multiple Complementary Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Su Wei-Chen , Wu Yu-Shian , Wang Chih-Feng , Kuo Shiao-Wei
Published: August 2018

A poly(styrene-b-vinylbenzyl triazolylmethyl methyladenine) (PS-b-PVBA) diblock copolymer and a poly(vinylbenzyl triazolylmethyl methylthymine) (PVBT) homopolymer were prepared through a combination of nitroxide-mediated radical polymerizations and click reactions. Strong multiple hydrogen bonding interactions of the A···T binary pairs occurred in the PVBA/PVBT miscible domain of the PS-b-PVBA/PVPT diblock copolymer/homopolymer blend, as evidenced in Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The self-assembled lamellar structure of the pure PS-b-PVBA diblock copolymer after thermal annealing was transformed to a cylinder structure after blending with PVBT at lower concentrations and then to a disordered micelle or macrophase structure at higher PVBT concentrations, as revealed by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy.
On-Line Application of SHEM by Particle Swarm Optimization to Grid-Connected, Three-Phase, Two-Level VSCs with Variable DC Link Voltage
Authors: Güvengir Umut , Çadırcı Işık , Ermiş Muammer
Published: August 2018

This paper is devoted to an otablen-line application of the selective harmonic elimination method (SHEM) to three-phase, two-level, grid-connected voltage source converters (VSCs) by particle swarm optimization (PSO). In such systems, active power can be controlled by the phase shift angle, and reactive power by the modulation index, against variations in the direct current (DC) link voltage. Some selected, low-odd-order harmonic components in the line-to-neutral output voltage waveforms are eliminated by calculating the SHEM angle set continuously through the developed PSO algorithm on field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based computing hardware as the modulation index is varied. The use of powerful computing hardware permits the elimination of all harmonics up to 50th. The cost function of the developed PSO algorithm is formulated by using an optimum number of particles to obtain a global optimum solution with a small fitness value in each half-cycle of the grid voltage and then updating the SHEM angle set at the beginning of the next full-cycle. Since the convergence of the solution to a global minimum point depends upon the use of correct initial values especially for a large number of SHEM angles, a generalized initialization procedure is also described in the paper. Theoretical results are verified initially using hardware co-simulation. They are also tested using a small scale photovoltaic (PV) supply prototype developed specifically for this purpose. It is demonstrated that the 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th, 17th, and 19th sidekick harmonics are eliminated by on-line calculation of seven SHEM angles through the developed PSO algorithm on a moderately powerful XEM6010-LX150, USB-2.0-integrated FPGA module. All control and protection actions and the calculation of SHEM angles are achieved by a single FPGA chip and its peripherals within the FPGA board.
A Future Place for Saccharomyces Mixtures and Hybrids in Wine Making
Authors: König Helmut , Claus Harald
Published: August 2018

Each year, winemakers can face sluggish or stuck fermentations during wine making, especially when a spontaneous fermentation is performed, even if strains of the classical wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are applied. Problems are inevitable when low ammonium concentrations (<160 mg L−1 grape must) or an excess of fructose compared to glucose are observed during grape must fermentation. S. cerevisiae strains cannot use all kinds of amino acids as the sole nitrogen source but usually need free ammonium (optimal concentration: 600 mg L−1 grape must). It preferably consumes glucose, leading often to an excess of fructose in the fermenting must, which contains glucose and fructose in an equal ratio at the beginning of fermentation. Yeast hybrids have been isolated from wines several times and different strains are already commercially available. The united properties of the parent strains can provide advantages under sophisticated fermentation conditions. However, the involvement of a hybrid yeast for the rectification of fermentation disorders in spontaneous fermentations has only been described recently in the literature. Recent investigations have provided convincing evidence that fermentation problems can be overcome when must fermentations are successively performed with Saccharomyces bayanus strain HL 77 and the triple hybrid S. cerevisiae × Saccharomyces kudriavzevii × S. bayanus strain HL 78. The triple hybrid strain HL 78 uses amino acids as a nitrogen source in the absence of ammonium and it also exhibits a fructophilic character with an enhanced uptake of fructose in comparison to glucose. The application of genetically modified yeast strains is not allowed for starter cultures in wine making, but the usage of yeast mixtures and hybrid strains could be a promising tool for winemakers to solve fermentation problems during spontaneous fermentation or for the creation of novel wine types with desired sensory characteristics under more challenging conditions, especially when the composition of the must components is not optimal because of, e.g., critical climatic or soil conditions.
Landscape Change Detected over a Half Century in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Using High-Resolution Aerial Imagery
Authors: Jorgenson Janet C. , Jorgenson M. Torre , Boldenow Megan L. , Orndahl Kathleen M.
Published: August 2018

Rapid warming has occurred over the past 50 years in Arctic Alaska, where temperature strongly affects ecological patterns and processes. To document landscape change over a half century in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska, we visually interpreted geomorphic and vegetation changes on time series of coregistered high-resolution imagery. We used aerial photographs for two time periods, 1947–1955 and 1978–1988, and Quick Bird and IKONOS satellite images for a third period, 2000–2007. The stratified random sample had five sites in each of seven ecoregions, with a systematic grid of 100 points per site. At each point in each time period, we recorded vegetation type, microtopography, and surface water. Change types were then assigned based on differences detected between the images. Overall, 23% of the points underwent some type of change over the ~50-year study period. Weighted by area of each ecoregion, we estimated that 18% of the Refuge had changed. The most common changes were wildfire and postfire succession, shrub and tree increase in the absence of fire, river erosion and deposition, and ice-wedge degradation. Ice-wedge degradation occurred mainly in the Tundra Biome, shrub increase and river changes in the Mountain Biome, and fire and postfire succession in the Boreal Biome. Changes in the Tundra Biome tended to be related to landscape wetting, mainly from increased wet troughs caused by ice-wedge degradation. The Boreal Biome tended to have changes associated with landscape drying, including recent wildfire, lake area decrease, and land surface drying. The second time interval, after ~1982, coincided with accelerated climate warming and had slightly greater rates of change.
Reliability Modeling for Humidity Sensors Subject to Multiple Dependent Competing Failure Processes with Self-Recovery
Authors: Qi Jia , Zhou Zhen , Niu Chenchen , Wang Chunyu , Wu Juan
Published: August 2018

Recent developments in humidity sensors have heightened the need for reliability. Seeing as many products such as humidity sensors experience multiple dependent competing failure processes (MDCFPs) with self-recovery, this paper proposes a new general reliability model. Previous research into MDCFPs has primarily focused on the processes of degradation and random shocks, which are appropriate for most products. However, the existing reliability models for MDCFPs cannot fully characterize the failure processes of products such as humidity sensors with significant self-recovery, leading to an underestimation of reliability. In this paper, the effect of self-recovery on degradation was analyzed using a conditional probability. A reliability model for soft failure with self-recovery was obtained. Then, combined with the model of hard failure due to random shocks, a general reliability model with self-recovery was established. Finally, reliability tests of the humidity sensors were presented to verify the proposed reliability model. Reliability modeling for products subject to MDCFPs with considering self-recovery can provide a better understanding of the mechanism of failure and offer an alternative method to predict the reliability of products.