bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A compendium and meta-analysis of flatband potentials for TiO2, ZnO, and SnO2 semiconductors in aqueous media
Authors: Patel Milan Y. , Mortelliti Michael J. , Dempsey Jillian L.
Published: January 2022

Semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces are of great interest to numerous scientific fields including renewable energy, (photo)electrochemistry, and energy storage. The semiconductor flatband potential is a key parameter in locating the conduction band minimum or valence band maximum of the semiconductor material in electrolyte. Despite its importance for quantifying the energetic location of the semiconductor bands, literature reports for the same material demonstrate significant variability in the flatband potential. In this compendium and meta-analysis, reported flatband potentials of the common semiconductor materials TiO2, SnO2, and ZnO in aqueous electrolyte were compiled and assessed to quantify the spread in literature flatband potentials as well as determine the factors that lead to the significant spread. For TiO2, SnO2, and ZnO, literature flatband potentials referenced to the reversible hydrogen electrode span a range of nearly 2 V each. Flatband potential tabulations were separated by variables such as the solution pH, the crystalline polymorph, the crystal facet, the morphology, and the dimensions or combinations of these variables to assess the factors that contribute to the observed spread. Important and surprising findings from these categorizations are summarized: (1) Even for the narrowest categorizations, the spread in flatband potential is still large. (2) Flatband potentials of TiO2 and SnO2 follow the expected Nernstian dependence with solution pH. ZnO materials deviate from this Nernstian dependence. (3) In the aggregate, there is no statistically significant difference in the reported flatband potentials of anatase and rutile TiO2. Single crystal tabulations were the only distributions to have statistically significant differences in the flatband potential between anatase and rutile TiO2. (4) Anatase TiO2 materials with a nanotube morphology appear to have a +400 mV difference in mean flatband potential compared to all other morphologies, but we argue that this is likely due to widespread misuse of the Mott–Schottky analysis. Other interesting findings are revealed within the spread of literature flatband potentials, and possible explanations are provided to generate discussion. We also briefly review and discuss common techniques that were used to determine the flatband potential and the pitfalls/criticisms of these techniques. Last, we discuss some ways in which future research on the determination of the flatband potential can be performed to improve the reliability of reported values and the quality of the work. In total, the results from this meta-analysis suggest multiple factors can affect the measured flatband potential and that an abundance of caution should be applied when attempting to quantify the flatband potential of complex or nanostructured systems.
Discovering exceptionally hard and wear-resistant metallic glasses by combining machine-learning with high throughput experimentation
Authors: Sarker Suchismita , Tang-Kong Robert , Schoeppner Rachel , Ward Logan , Hasan Naila Al , Van Campen Douglas G. , Takeuchi Ichiro , Hattrick-Simpers Jason , Zakutayev Andriy , Packard Corinne E. , Mehta Apurva
Published: January 2022

Lack of crystalline order in amorphous alloys, commonly called metallic glasses (MGs), tends to make them harder and more wear-resistant than their crystalline counterparts. However, finding inexpensive MGs is daunting; finding one with enhanced wear resistance is a further challenge. Relying on machine learning (ML) predictions of MGs alone requires a highly precise model; however, incorporating high-throughput (HiTp) experiments into the search rapidly leads to higher performing materials even from moderately accurate models. Here, we exploit this synergy between ML predictions and HiTp experimentation to discover new hard and wear-resistant MGs in the Fe–Nb–B ternary material system. Several of the new alloys exhibit hardness greater than 25 GPa, which is over three times harder than hardened stainless steel and only surpassed by diamond and diamond-like carbon. This ability to use less than perfect ML predictions to successfully guide HiTp experiments, demonstrated here, is especially important for searching the vast Multi-Principal-Element-Alloy combinatorial space, which is still poorly understood theoretically and sparsely explored experimentally.
First call, home: perception and practice around health among South Asian migrants in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Subedi Rajan , Kaphle Sabitra , Adhikari Manju , Dhakal Yamuna , Khadka Mukesh , Duwadi Sabina , Tamang Sunil , Shakya Sonu
Published: January 2022

The socio-cultural context of populations has a significant effect on health outcomes across every stage of life. In Australia, South Asian migrants have a comparatively higher incidence of chronic disease and less use of health services. Often overlooked are community views of health, cultural traits and belief systems. This study aimed to explore the factors that influence health perception and practice of South Asian migrants. The study used a mixed method approach with both a survey and interviews. A total of 62 participants between the age of 18 and 64 years were surveyed and 14 participants completed interviews. Data were analysed descriptively and thematically. South Asians share a common perception and practice around health and illness. This paper highlights two key findings. First, these groups take a broad view of health encompassing physical, mental, emotional, social and economic aspects of life. Second, these cultural groups do not seek medical help as their first choice, but have a high level of trust in family for providing health advice and share a belief in the effectiveness of home remedies for managing health conditions. Participants shared their expectation that the Australian health system should consider their socio-cultural construct to make services culturally safe and engaging to enhance service utilisation.
Lagunas léxicas chinas en el español y sus estrategias traductológicas
Authors: Xiaowei Lu
Published: January 2022

Abstracta

Por las enormes heterogeneidades tanto lingüísticas como culturales entre el chino y el español, es normal que existan numerosas lagunas léxicas chinas en el español y para las causadas por factores culturales se requieren diferentes estrategias traductológicas, o sea extranjerización y/o domesticación, de acuerdo con la finalidad de la traducción o la comunicación y los aprendientes chinos deben conocer las correspondientes técnicas para fomentar su competencia comunicativa e intercultural en español.
Spanish imperfect subjunctive form –se
Authors: Martillo Viner Kevin
Published: January 2022

This paper analyzes use of and linguistic attitudes toward the Spanish imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive –se form (e.g., tuviese ‘had’ and hubiese tenido ‘had had’, respectively). The study consists of two phases, P1 and P2. P1 is quantitative in nature and focuses on production of the form; P2 is qualitative in nature and centers on linguistic attitudes associated with –se. P1 data come from 24 Spanish speakers and a semi-controlled oral/written interview. P2 data are from 15 Spanish speakers and a questionnaire. Chi-square results were significant for nationality, i.e., Spaniards used the –se form significantly more than Latin Americans. Sex, modality (oral/written), syntactic context, and verb type were all found insignificant. Qualitative comments from P2 suggest an overall negative association with the –se form. A somewhat weak relationship between the form and Spanish nationality emerged from the Latin American cohort, but not strong enough to suggest a definitive stereotype.
La représentation de la polysémie et des termes complexes de typelocution faibledans une base de données terminologique
Authors: Frassi Paolo
Published: January 2022

We propose to identify, for the French language, the senses and subsenses oftravailin the field of international commerce. We also intend to present the main weak idioms containing this form, from a corpus that has been constituted ex novo in the framework of the DIACOM-fr project (Department of Foreign Languages, University of Verona), part of the Excellence Project “Le Digital Humanities applicate alle lingue e letterature straniere” (“Digital Humanities applied to foreign modern languages and literatures”).

The senses and subsenses as well as the weak idioms, classified on the basis of a number of semantic labels, will be represented in a draft of terminological network.
Uptake and assimilation of nutrient resources.
Authors: DeJong T. M.
Published: January 2022

Fruit trees require six macronutrients (N, P, K, calcium, Mg and sulfur) and eight micronutrients (Zn, Fe, B, Mn, Cu, chlorine, nickel and molybdenum) that are taken up through the roots. Many of these occur naturally in the soil as cations bound to negatively charged soil particles, while others are dissolved in the liquid surrounding the soil particles in the form of anions. This chapter discusses the uptake and assimilation of nutrient resources in fruit trees. Tabulated data are given on mean annual N, P and K storage (kg/ha) in perennial organs of mature almond trees that received N fertilizer at 309 kg/ha.
The structure of trees.
Authors: DeJong T. M.
Published: January 2022

Trees are, by definition, the tallest land plants. To grow tall over multiple years they must solve several problems: structural strength; carbohydrate and nutrient storage capacity to survive and regrow after periods of stress; and conductive capacity for water, carbohydrates and nutrients must be increased/renewed over time to keep pace with increases in canopy size. Additionally, apical meristems must be capable of surviving through periods of stress (especially over winter or during drought). Structural strength, storage capacity and water, carbohydrate and nutrient conductive capacity are provided by cells derived from a sheath of meristematic cells (vascular cambium) that surround the body of trees (shoots, stems, branches, trunk, perennial roots). This chapter describes the structure of fruit trees.
Application of shoot growth rules for understanding responses to pruning.
Authors: DeJong T. M.
Published: January 2022

Knowledge of fruit tree shoot types is helpful to explain why pruning is often not successful in reducing tree size. In many horticultural circumstances, epicormic shoot growth can be considered as being almost exclusively stimulated by severe pruning of large branches (older than one year old) or strong water shoots in which sylleptic shoots have previously grown and "used up" the locations in close proximity to the pruning cut where proleptic buds would have been present in a less vigorous shoot. The strong growth response to heavy pruning is natural and is the primary reason why pruning cannot be relied upon exclusively to control tree size when trees are grown in highly fertile soils without size-controlling rootstocks. This chapter deals with understanding responses to pruning of fruit trees by application of shoot growth rules.
Growth and production of potato mini tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the aeroponic system by root zone treatment and concentration of leaf-fertilizer
Authors: Lhokitasari R F , Hayati M , Rahmawati M
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to increase the growth of potato and its mini tuber yield by root zone treatment and the concentration of leaf-fertilizer in the aeroponics system. This research was done at Experimental Farm of The Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala from October 2019 until July 2020. There were 2 levels of root zone treatment; control (without cooling) and root zone cooling. Meanwhile the concentration of leaf-fertilizer consists of 5 levels; control, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm and 2000 ppm. The results showed that the root zone treatment significantly affected the plant dry weight. The heaviest plant dry weight obtained from the plant grown in root zone cooling treatment. The concentration of leaf-fertilizer very significantly affected the plant dry weight, which the best concentration of 500 ppm produced 751.28 mg plant-dry-weight. There was a very significant effect at a combination of root zone treatment and concentration of leaf-fertilizer on plant dry weight, which the best treatment was found in a combination of root zone cooling and 500 ppm concentration of leaf-fertilizer. The plant with that treatment produced mini tuber, while the others did not.
Effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal dose on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Rusmana  , Ningsih E P , Hikmah A N
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal dose on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The research was done in the BPTP Banten Screen House and the Soil and Climate Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University starts from November 2020 until February 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of two factors. First factor was drought stress with four levels, namely k1 (100% FC), k2 (80% FC), k3 (60% FC), and k4 (40% FC) and second was the mycorrhizal dose with 3 levels, called m0 (0 g/pot), m1 (10 g/pot), and m2 (20 g/pot). There were 12 treatment combinations that were repeated 3 times in order to obtain 36 experimental units. The results showed that the drought stress treatment had a significant effect on maize plant height at 7 WAP of 174.22 cm, plant dry weight of 86.67 g, root dry weight of 21.67 g, and seed dry weight of 37 g. Drought stress of 40% FC can reduce the growth and yield of maize. The mycorrhizal dose treatment had no significant effect on the growth and yield of maize. The application of mycorrhizal dose of 20 g/pot tends to increase the growth and yield of maize. There was no interaction between drought stress treatment and mycorrhizal dose on growth and yield of maize.
Vegetation density analysis in Banda Aceh city before and after the tsunami using satellite imagery data
Authors: Trishiani M , Sugianto S , Arabia T , Rusdi M
Published: January 2022

Vegetation density in Banda Aceh is an important aspect of monitoring the recovery process after being hit by a tsunami on December 26, 2004. The tsunami disaster had a tremendous impact on Banda Aceh city, both physical and non-physical damage. As a result, a lot of vegetation was swept away by the tsunami waves. After the tsunami disaster, Banda Aceh City carried out rehabilitation and reconstruction to change the land cover. The increasing population growth in the city also has affected land cover. Changes in land use not following the spatial plan of the Banda Aceh can reduce the quality of the environment, e.g., reducing the vegetation density in some areas. This paper presents the utilization of Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 images to analyze the vegetation density in Banda Aceh city before dan after the tsunami in the last 15 years. This study aims to determine the ability of satellite imagery to detect vegetation density in Banda Aceh in designated years before and after the tsunami. This study uses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index analysis to observe the trend of vegetation density in the Banda Aceh. Results show that the vegetation density in Banda Aceh City in 2004, 2005, 2009, 2015, and 2020 was dominated by low-density classes. Still, in 2015 and 2020, there was an increase in medium and high vegetation density classes. This finding shows the pattern of the vegetation density follows the progress of the recovery after 15 years hit by a tsunami.
Analysis of flavonoid compounds of Orange (Citrus sp.) peel as anti-main protease of SARS-CoV-2: A molecular docking study
Authors: Maulydia N B , Tallei T E , Ginting B , Idroes R , illian D N , Faradilla M
Published: January 2022

SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus that causes COVID-19. This virus was first detected in the city of Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, and until now, it has become a global pandemic. The FDA recently approved Vekluty (remdesivir) for adults and certain pediatric patients who have COVID-19 and are sick enough to require hospitalization. One of the potential drug target candidates for SARS-CoV-2 is the main protease (Mpro). The purpose of this study was to analyze the flavonoid compounds found in orange (Citrus sp.) peel to determine its potential as anti-Mprothrough a molecular docking study. The compounds were initially screened for drug-like properties and then docked using Autodock Vina in the PyRx emulator software. The docking results were visualized using the BIOVIA Discovery Visualizer 2020. The result showed that the binding free energy of hesperidin (-8.6 kcal/mol) was higher than nelfinavir (-8.5 kcal/mol). In addition, hesperitin (-7.3 kcal/mol), sakuranetin (-7.1 kcal/mol), isosacuranetin (-7.2 kcal/mol) and tetra-o-methylscutallerin (-6.8 kcal/mol) exhibited lower binding free energy value than control. Based on these results, hesperidin has the potential as an inhibitor of the main protease’s SARS-CoV-2.
Alternative location determination of frozen tuna industry using analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
Authors: Asra S , Juanda  , Arpi N
Published: January 2022

Tuna is a large pelagic fish that is widely found in Indonesian waters as one of the countries that have an important role in global tuna production. Moreover, tuna has the potential to be processed into frozen tuna. The added value as the result of the freezing process will increase the economic value of this product. Thus, it makes frozen tuna potential to be developed into an industry. One of the things that need to be considered in the establishment of an industry is location determination. The study was aimed to determine an alternative location for the frozen tuna industry in Banda Aceh city will be done. The method used in this research is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The criteria used are Tuna Fish Production, Human Resources, Transportation Access, Institutional Support, and Availability of Infrastructure. The alternative location that will be determined is Kuta Alam Sub-district, Kuta Raja Sub-district, Meuraxa Sub-district, and Syiah Kuala Sub-district. The calculation result using the AHP method indicates that that the most appropriate location for the establishment of the frozen tuna industry is Kuta Alam Sub-districts with a weight of 0.428, thus the district was chosen as the best location for the establishment of the frozen tuna industry.
The factors affecting Arabica coffee farmers behaviour in Aceh Tengah Regency
Authors: Baihaqi A , Kasimin S , Faradilla C , Fajri  , Mujiburrahmad  , Wardhana M Y , Bahri T S , Putri R A
Published: January 2022

Arabica coffee is one of the leading export commodities that have high economic value. The study aims to describe the financial behaviour of arabica coffee farmers and to find out what factors influence the financial behaviour of arabica coffee farmers in Aceh Tengah Regency. The sample in this study was 147 samples taken by simple random sampling. This study uses descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression. The results of descriptive statistics show that the financial behaviour of arabica coffee farmers in Aceh Tengah Regency is good enough, with a percentage of 57%. This condition is not optimal in managing their finances because of the 9 statements used to measure financial behaviour, only 5 statements have been fulfilled. The results of the ordinal logistic regression have a significant effect at the 5% level (< 0.05), namely the variable financial knowledge in the low category (X1)1 0.0034, financial attitude in the fairly good category (X3)2 0.006, an elementary school education (X4)1, 0.012 junior high schools (X4)3 0.011 and high school (X4)4 0.002 on financial behaviour and income variable (X2) > 0.05, so it does not significantly affect the financial behaviour of arabica coffee farmers in Aceh Tengah Regency.
Increasing levels of fibre and mineral (Fe, Ca, and K) in chicken meatballs added dragon fruit peel and oyster mushroom
Authors: Rahmah L , Choiriyah N A
Published: January 2022

The removal of the peel on dragon fruit fruits is a common step in food production for reasons of aesthetics and hygiene. One way to recycle dragon fruit peel is to make chicken meatball. Chicken meatball in Indonesia, which is called bakso are produced from ground chicken mixed with flour, spices and other mashed ingredients. The mixture is then formed into balls and boiled until cooked. Chicken meatballs contain mostly animal ingredients, so the quality needs to be improved by adding vegetable ingredients. The addition of vegetable ingredients is intended to increase the content of dietary fibre. The fruit fibres used in this study were dragon fruit peel and the vegetable ingredients was oyster mushrooms. The results showed that chicken meatball with higher concentration of dragon fruit peel has higher level of soluble dietary fibre, insoluble dietary fibre, and total dietary fibre content. This indicates that dragon fruit peel has higher levels of soluble dietary fibre, insoluble dietary fibre, and dietary fibre than oyster mushrooms. The addition of dragon fruit peel and oyster mushrooms causes an increase in iron and calcium mineral levels in chicken meatball products, but oyster mushrooms contribute more to increase these minerals. With these nutritious chicken meatballs, dragon fruit peel can be processed to become food that has economic value. Therefore, dragon fruit peel and oyster mushrooms can be used as a good ingredient in the formulation of chicken meatball.
Sediment Control At The Lateral Channel Inlet
Authors: Al-Zubaidy Rana A. , Ismaeil Rawaa H.
Published: January 2022

Environmental and civil engineering projects frequently employ the open channel side intake structure. However, the commonest among the issues faced in most of the lateral intakes include sedimentation and sediment delivery. This involves several problems namely, decreased flow discharge capacity in the irrigation canals and the threat of water blockage during times of low water flow. Besides, this problem with the sediment either lowers the performance levels or causes failure of the facilities that this sub-channel serves. Hence, the engineers focused on designing an intake with the features of high flow discharge and low sediment delivery. This paper attempts to review and summarize the literature relevant to the branching channel flow and submerged vane technique to minimize the sediment-related issues. The present review highlights that most of the earlier research work done dealt with the characteristics of the flow in a right-angle branch channel possessing rigid confines. Also, more investigations are required regarding the implications of the submerged vanes. Besides, no comprehensive studies are available on the saddle point itself, and a high percentage of the studies have been part of earlier investigations that had focused on only briefly outlining this subject.
An opportunity for using constructed wetland technology in hospital wastewater treatment: a preliminary study
Authors: Akhmad A G , Darman S , Aiyen  , S. Hamsens W Pingkan , Hamsens S.
Published: January 2022

The problem faced by many hospitals in Indonesia is the low efficiency of Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) hospitals. If it does not get the attention, it will have an impact on health and environmental pollution. Various technologies have been used but experienced many obstacles. Constructed wetlands based on aquatic plants that have been used in developed countries are very prospects of being developed in regions such as Indonesia with a tropical climate. A preliminary study is needed with the first step to investigate the quality of hospital wastewater in Palu City, Indonesia, as a sample. This study aims to obtain a description of hospital wastewater characteristics and to evaluate the performance of the hospital WWTP in Palu. Data collection was done by taking data indirectly through laboratory test results during 2015-2019. Tabulating data using Excel software to illustrate statistics, then presented in the form of bar charts, interpreting according to the quality standards. Investigation results showed that the characteristics of hospital inlet wastewater in Palu are parameter values varying with four high concentration parameters: total coliform, TSS, Ammonia Nitrogen, and COD. The efficiency level of WWTP hospitals in Palu is relatively low in removing pollutants.
Contemplating the traditional rural architecture of Nalanda: A case study
Authors: Kumari R
Published: January 2022

The fundamental purpose of a building is to provide a comfortable and safe living environment, which protects from the extremes of surrounding environment, as well as give an opportunity of physical and psychosomatic development. The traditional buildings evolved gradually to meet the eventually changing human needs and lifestyle over a period of time, integrates the environmental and socioeconomic characters of the society in a well manner. These buildings have attained deep reconciliation with site surroundings, and thus, have minimal environmental impact. In spite of rapidly growing concept of advanced technological approach towards sustainability, the concept of indigenous technology and traditional architecture plays an active role. The main objective of this paper is to understand the principles and strategies for sustainability from traditional rural architecture and indigenous technologies. The methodology adopted is documentation of a traditional rural house of Nalanda, India, and analyse the environmental and socioeconomic aspects. The data has been collected from surveys, site measurements, literature, and other secondary sources. The thermal performance of a traditional house is analysed through computer aided simulations in the present investigation. This paper concludes with an appreciation of principles of traditional rural architecture and advocates their integration in the present scenario.
Extraction of Zn (II) ions in an polypropylene glycol 425 - sodium chloride - water aqueous two-phase system
Authors: Fedorova M I , Zinov’eva I V
Published: January 2022

Liquid-liquid extraction is one of the most used separation methods in chemical technology for recovery and separation of metal ions, other inorganic and organic substances. It is known that for extraction of Zn(II) the most frequently used extractants are D2EHPA, Aliquat 336, etc., diluted in an organic solvent. The use of these reagents does not meet the principles of “green” chemistry. Thus, in the present work, the extraction system based on polypropylene glycol 425 and sodium chloride for the extraction of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions is proposed. Equilibrium values of the distribution coefficient in the proposed aqueous two-phase system have been determined. Dependence of metal distribution coefficient on time of phase contact is obtained, time to reach equilibrium was 10 minutes. The isotherm of Zn(II) extraction obtained in the proposed system is a straight line, which indicates the independence of the distribution coefficient from the initial concentration of metal in the solution. The received experimental data can be used at the creation of “green” schemes of processing of Ni-MH batteries.
Synthesis of composite nanostructure natural ZrO2
and magnetite particles (Fe3O4@ZrO2) and study of its lead ion adsorption efficiency
Authors: Irawan C , Putra M D , Nata I F , Refki M F , Hidayat R , Triantoro A , Abbas
Published: January 2022

The potential of zircon minerals in Indonesia, especially in Central Kalimantan, has not been adequately explored and developed into valuable materials with high technical and economic value and environmentally friendly. This research has the potential to be processed and formed into advanced materials, seeing its high potential as an excellent adsorbent for anions/cations in water treatment and industrial wastewater. This research aims to develop raw zircon minerals into zircon oxides, which will later be composited with magnetic nanoparticles. The zircon mineral processing is carried out using hydrothermal methods. It is known that the physical and mechanical characteristics are suitable to be developed by having good reusability and durability as advanced materials. The adsorbent characterizations of FTIR, SEM, and XRF analysis showed that the Fe3O4@ZrO2 had many different functional groups and a high specific surface area for adsorption processes. The Fe3O4@ZrO2 showed high adsorption uptake capacity and selectivity for the lead in the Sasirangan textiles wastewater. Therefore, the Fe3O4@ZrO2 have the potential to be used as an adsorbent in water and wastewater treatment.
Determination of rice husk activated Carbon capacity in adsorption of Cu Metal from Sasirangan liquid waste based on isotherm model
Authors: Syauqiah I , Nurandini D , Prihatini N P , Jamiyaturrasidah
Published: January 2022

The process of manufacturing Sasirangan - a traditional fabric of South Kalimantan - has an impact that affects environmental pollution, namely the dyeing process of the fabric. The synthetic dyes used contain heavy metals and one of those toxic metals is copper (Cu). This study aims to determine the adsorption capacity of rice husk activated carbon adsorbent by adjusting the adsorption pattern based on isotherm models as the treatment to sasirangan liquid waste. The method consists of three stages: preparation of adsorbent by carbonization process, chemical and physical activation, then continued by adsorption process of Cu metal with carbon from rice husks with variations of adsorbent dose (2, 4, and 6 grams). This treatment was conducted by batch process. In this reseach, the adsorption capacity of rice husk adsorbent towards heavy metal Cu in sasirangan liquid waste was determined from the equilibrium state with the Langmuir isotherm equation and Freundlich isotherm equation. Based on isothermal studies of adsorption data, the correlation coefficient values obtained from the isotherm model approaches are: for dose of 2 grams adsorbent, Langmuir R2 = 0.9991 and Freundlich R2 = 0.9981; for dose of 4 grams adsorbent, Langmuir R2 = 0.9992 and Freundlich R2 = 0.9989; for dose of 6 grams adsorbent, Langmuir R2 = 0.9990 and Freundlich R2 = 0.9986. The results of investigation indicate that adsorption data correlated well with Langmuir isotherm model.
The application of vapour equilibrium technique to control suction to study the shrinkage and water retention of compacted Claystone-Bentonite mixtures
Authors: Arifin Y F , Arsyad M , Afdi M , Muslim H
Published: January 2022

Understanding soil shrinkage and retaining water is essential for learning more about the possibility of cracking of liner. Moreover, the factors that influence it are also important to know to improve the material tested as hazardous waste liners. The vapour equilibrium technique is widely used to control suction of compacted soils experiencing drying-wetting phenomena. It is considered to be inexpensive, simple, and has the ability to adequately control the suction applied to soil samples. This paper, therefore, describes its application in studying the shrinkage and water retention in compacted claystone-bentonite mixtures. This involved using five saturated salt solutions including potassium sulphate (K2SO4), potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2.6H2O). The sample was allowed to be in equilibrium with the relative humidity salt solution and a calliper was used to measure the dimensions every day up to when this was achieved. The results showed the bentonite in the mixture affects the amount of shrinkage and water retention while the sample’s initial moisture content was also found to be very influential on the magnitude of the primary and residual shrinkage. Moreover, the sample’s ability to hold water was almost the same without differentiating the initial water content at a total suction of more than 41084.91 kPa.
Evaluation of overall equipment effectivity in the cement manufacturing industry: a case study
Authors: Mustakim F , Asih H M
Published: January 2022

Overall equipment effectiveness is one of the important tools to measure the productivity in the company. This research is based on a case study of cement manufacturing industry in Indonesia, especially in kiln machine. The research aims to investigate the six big losses. In addition, the calculation of availability components, performance efficiency, and quality rate are carried out. The fishbone diagram is also employed to identify the root cause of the problem deeply. The results show the biggest losses in the kiln machine are the reduced speed losses. Therefore, the availability component and the performance efficiency should be improved to increase the productivity and the efficiency in the shop floor. Some suggestions are presented such as make a better surveillance system, improve the planning of preventive maintenance machine, and replace the more sophisticated maintenance tools to facilitate maintaining the machine.
Application of jacket cooling water system recovery for fuel heating on diesel engine to reduce emissions
Authors: Barokah  , Semin  , Cahyono B , Sampurno Bambang , Tappy M , Huwae J , Ratela J , Wibisono Y
Published: January 2022

The existence of a diesel engine is very necessary for life today. In development, the diesel engine is experienced many developments in all systems. In line with the development of the diesel engine can’t be separated from the impact of fuel use. This research was carried out to make a fuel heating system by utilizing jacket cooling water system recovery as a fuel heater and the method used in this research is an experimental method including making installation of a fuel heating system, testing on the diesel engine generator with specifications 4 strokes, 4 cylinders, 1500 rpm, 18 kVA using biodiesel (B20) fuel. The data were collected using a smoke opacity meter. The experiment was carried out by heating treatment of fuel starting from 30°C - 50°C at the interval of 5°C. Data analysis by describing experimental data. The result is showed that heating fuel can reduce the emission of the diesel engine.
Failure analysis of excavator hydraulic pump
Authors: Hidayat H , Aviva D , Muis A , Halik A , Sudarsono S , Pranoto S , Cahyadi D
Published: January 2022

Hydraulic pump failures may be related to hardware or problem in oil. In this study, the excavator hydraulic pump failures were investigated by using visual observed and measuring the part component. The disassembled process of the pump was performed considering the manual part book of the excavator hydraulic pump. The abrasive wear on the pump slipper and swash plate was observed by comparing the guidelines for the reusable part. The value of more than 1.07 mm clearance within piston and cylinder bore was measured then the results over the allowable limit considering the manual part book. Properly analyzing of component failure can provide valuable information about what caused the failure and thus can be to avoiding future unscheduled downtime.
NIR-to-NIR and NIR-to-Vis up-conversion of SrF2:Ho3+ nanoparticles under 1156 nm excitation
Authors: Ryszczyńska Sylwia , Grzyb Tomasz
Published: January 2022

Recently, the up-converting (UC) materials, containing lanthanide ions (Ln3+)have attracted considerable attention because of the multitude of their potential applications. The most frequently investigated are UC systems based on the absorption of near-infrared (NIR) radiation by Yb3+ ions at around 975–980 nm and emission of co-dopants, usually Ho3+, Er3+ or Tm3+ ions. UC can be observed also upon excitation with irradiation with a wavelength different than around 980 nm. The most often studied systems capable of UC without the use of Yb3+ ion are those based on the properties of Er3+ ions, which show luminescence resulting from the excitation at 808 or 1532 nm. However, also other Ln3+ ions are worth attention. Herein, we focus on the investigation of the UC phenomenon in the materials doped with Ho3+ ions, which reveal unique optical properties upon the NIR irradiation. The SrF2 NPs doped with Ho3+ ions in concentrations from 4.9% to 22.5%, were synthesized by using the hydrothermal method. The structural and optical characteristics of the obtained SrF2:Ho3+ NPs are presented. The prepared samples had crystalline structure, were built of NPs of round shapes and their sizes ranged from 16.4 to 82.3 nm. The NPs formed stable colloids in water. Under 1156 nm excitation, SrF2:Ho3+ NPs showed intense UC emission, wherein the brightest luminescence was recorded for the SrF2:10.0%Ho3+ compound. The analysis of the measured lifetime profiles and dependencies of the integral luminescence intensities on the laser energy allowed proposing the mechanism, responsible for the observed UC emission. It is worth mentioning that the described SrF2:Ho3+ samples are one of the first materials for which the UC luminescence induced by 1156 nm excitation was obtained.
A novel biomimetic nanocomposite exhibiting petal wetting phenomenon: fabrication and experimental investigations
Authors: Lenin Adithya , Arumugam Pandurangan , Rao Aruna Prakasa , Subramanian Angayarkanny
Published: January 2022

A functional composite material that simultaneously exhibits hydrophobicity and water droplet adhesion has monumental potential in controlling fluid flow, studying phase separation, and biological research. This article reports the fabrication of a petal wetting biomimetic Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) -Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite achieved by drop casting. The petal effect was investigated by non-destructive techniques. The nanotubes were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition at 1150 °C and were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The mean diameter of the nanotubes was found to be 70 nm. The nanocomposites had BNNT fillers ranging from 0.5 wt% to 2 wt%. Water contact angles for pure PDMS polymer was 94.7° and for the 2 wt% BNNT-PDMS nanocomposite was 132.4°. The petal wetting nanocomposite displayed a characteristic trait of high contact angle hysteresis. The surface roughness parameters of the nanocomposites were determined by atomic force microscopy. Laser scanning confocal microscopy aided in analyzing the droplet penetration and in observing the trapped air between the water droplet and the nanocomposite surface. Based on surface observations, roughness parameters, and the extent of droplet penetration by the surface, we shed light on the Cassie impregnating wetting regime followed by the biomimetic nanocomposite. Such a surface would be beneficial in the study of the embryogenesis of cells and aid in moisture collection.
Effects of ultrasonic surface rolling and plasma nitriding on microstructure and properties of 690TT alloy
Authors: Chen Baoquan , Liu Junbiao , Li Xiaoxian , Chen Weiqing , Zhang Xuehui , Liang Tongxiang
Published: January 2022

To enhance surface mechanical properties of 690TT alloy, a surface hardening layer was obtained by ultrasonic surface rolling treatment (USRT) and plasma nitriding (PN). The surface morphology, mechanical properties, wear performances and corrosion performance were investigated by XRD, TEM, using a hardness tester, tensile tester, wear tester and electrochemical workstation in simulated sea water, respectively. The results showed that USRT as the pre-treatment can strengthen the performance of PN treatment samples. The USRT + PN treated sample showed existence of dislocation tangles and twin grains. Corrosion resistance in simulated sea water was enhanced. The surface microhardness increased by 180% compared with the untreated sample, the cross-sectional hardness gradually decreased till the depth of 1 mm. The tensile strength increased by a factor of 90% while the elongation decreased by only 40%. The wear scar was narrower and shallower than the untreated sample and the wear rate was significantly dropped. This paper aims at providing a new method for surface strengthening of 690TT alloy.
Characterization of silver nanoparticle inks toward stable roll-to-roll gravure printing
Authors: Lee Minki , Parajuli Sajjan , Moon Hyeokgyun , Song Ryungeun , Lee Saebom , Shrestha Sagar , Park Jinhwa , Yang Hao , Jung Younsu , Cho Gyoujin , Lee Jinkee
Published: January 2022

The rheological properties of silver inks are analyzed, and the printing results are presented based on the inks and roll-to-roll (R2R) printing speed. The shear viscosity, shear modulus, and extensional viscosity of the inks are measured using rotational and extensional rheometers. The inks exhibit the shear thinning power law fluids because the concentration of dispersed nanoparticles in the solvent is sufficiently low, which minimizes elasticity. After the inks are printed on a flexible substrate through gravure printing, the optical images, surface profiles, and electric resistances of the printed pattern are obtained. The width and height of the printed pattern change depending on the ink viscosity, whereas the printing speed does not significantly affect the widening. The drag-out tail is reduced at high ink viscosities and fast printing speeds, thereby improving the printed pattern quality in the R2R process. Based on the results obtained, we suggest ink and printing conditions that result in high printing quality for complicated printings, such as overlay printing registration accuracy, which imposes pattern widening and drag-out tails in printed patterns.
Decoherence-protected quantum register of nuclear spins in diamond
Authors: González Francisco J , Coto Raúl
Published: January 2022

Solid-state quantum registers are exceptional for storing quantum information at room temperature with long coherence time. Nevertheless, practical applications toward quantum supremacy require even longer coherence time to allow for more complex algorithms. In this work we propose a quantum register that lies in a decoherence-protected subspace to be implemented with nuclear spins nearby a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The quantum information is encoded in two logical states composed of two carbon-13 nuclear spins, while an electron spin is used as ancilla for initialization and control. Moreover, by tuning an off-axis magnetic field we enable non-nuclear-spin-preserving transitions that we use for preparing and manipulating the register through stimulating Raman adiabatic passage. Furthermore, we consider more elaborated sequences to improve simultaneous control over the system yielding decreased gate time.
A critical discussion of different methods and models in Casimir effect
Authors: Brevik Iver , Shapiro Boris
Published: January 2022

The Casimir-Lifhitz force acts between neutral material bodies and is due to the fluctuations (around zero) of the electrical polarizations of the bodies. This force is a macroscopic manifestation of the van der Waals forces between atoms and molecules. In addition to being of fundamental interest, the Casimir-Lifshitz force plays an important role in surface physics, nanotechnology and biophysics. There are two different approaches in the theory of this force. One is centered on the fluctuations inside the bodies, as the source of the fluctuational electromagnetic fields and forces. The second approach is based on finding the eigenmodes of the field, while the material bodies are assumed to be passive and non-fluctuating. In spite of the fact that both approaches have a long history, there are still some misconceptions in the literature. In particular, there are claims that (hypothetical) materials with a strictly real dielectric function ε(ω) can give rise to fluctuational Casimir-Lifshitz forces. We review and compare the two approaches, using the simple example of the force in the absence of retardation. We point out that also in the second (the ‘field-oriented’) approach one cannot avoid introducing an infinitesimal imaginary part into the dielectric function, i.e. introducing some dissipation. Furthermore, we emphasize that the requirement of analyticity of ε(ω) in the upper half of the complex ω plane is not the only one for a viable dielectric function. There are other requirements as well. In particular, models that use a strictly real ε(ω) (for all real positive ω) are inadmissible and lead to various contradictions and inconsistencies. Specifically, we present a critical discussion of the ‘dissipation-less plasma model’. Our emphasis is not on the most recent developments in the field but on some conceptual, not fully resolved issues.
Characterising the area under the curve loss function landscape
Authors: Niroomand Maximilian P , Cafolla Conor T , Morgan John W R , Wales David J
Published: January 2022

One of the most common metrics to evaluate neural network classifiers is the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). However, optimisation of the AUC as the loss function during network training is not a standard procedure. Here we compare minimising the cross-entropy (CE) loss and optimising the AUC directly. In particular, we analyse the loss function landscape (LFL) of approximate AUC (appAUC) loss functions to discover the organisation of this solution space. We discuss various surrogates for AUC approximation and show their differences. We find that the characteristics of the appAUC landscape are significantly different from the CE landscape. The approximate AUC loss function improves testing AUC, and the appAUC landscape has substantially more minima, but these minima are less robust, with larger average Hessian eigenvalues. We provide a theoretical foundation to explain these results. To generalise our results, we lastly provide an overview of how the LFL can help to guide loss function analysis and selection.
Telogator: a method for reporting chromosome-specific telomere lengths from long reads
Authors: Stephens Zachary , Ferrer Alejandro , Boardman Lisa , Iyer Ravishankar K , Kocher Jean-Pierre A
Published: January 2022

Motivation

Telomeres are the repetitive sequences found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and are often thought of as a ‘biological clock,’ with their average length shortening during division in most cells. In addition to their association with senescence, abnormal telomere lengths are well known to be associated with multiple cancers, short telomere syndromes and as risk factors for a broad range of diseases. While a majority of methods for measuring telomere length will report average lengths across all chromosomes, it is known that aberrations in specific chromosome arms are biomarkers for certain diseases. Due to their repetitive nature, characterizing telomeres at this resolution is prohibitive for short read sequencing approaches, and is challenging still even with longer reads.

Results

We present Telogator: a method for reporting chromosome-specific telomere length from long read sequencing data. We demonstrate Telogator’s sensitivity in detecting chromosome-specific telomere length in simulated data across a range of read lengths and error rates. Telogator is then applied to 10 germline samples, yielding a high correlation with short read methods in reporting average telomere length. In addition, we investigate common subtelomere rearrangements and identify the minimum read length required to anchor telomere/subtelomere boundaries in samples with these haplotypes.

Availability and implementation

Telogator is written in Python3 and is available at github.com/zstephens/telogator.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.