bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between gestational abnormal glucose tolerance and maternal‐fetal outcomes
Authors: Kung Wan‐Ju , Kuo Hsin‐Yi , Lee Chien‐Hung , Zen Yeong‐Hwa , Kong Li‐Chin , Lin Ching‐Chiang
Published: July 2022

Aim

To investigate the relationship between abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy and maternal‐fetal outcomes, after categorizing women into groups with different levels of gestational abnormal glucose tolerance.

Methods

A total of 1858 pregnant women who received two‐step screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at Fooyin University Hospital were categorized into four groups, according to their glucose abnormalities, and their maternal‐fetal outcomes were investigated from October 2015 to June 2020.

Results

Among the groups having different levels of abnormal glucose tolerance, there were significant differences and trends in mother's age, currently married status, and prepregnancy overweight or obesity, incidences of cesarean section, preterm, and gestational hypertension or preeclampsia; and with respect to neonatal incidence of large for gestational age (LGA), average weight, and average height (p < 0.05). After adjusting for potential factors, there were higher incidences of cesarean section (AOR = 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–2.61), preterm (AOR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.23–3.91), neonatal LGA (AOR = 4.94; 95% CI: 2.87–8.51), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.14–6.24) in the GDM group, relative to the control group. Furthermore, the women in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)‐1 group had a higher incidence of neonatal LGA when compared with the women in the normal group (AOR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.02–5.33).

Conclusions

We found higher incidences of cesarean section, preterm, and neonatal LGA and NICU admission in the GDM women, and a higher incidence of neonatal LGA in the OGTT‐1 group, relative to control group.
Empathy in health professions education: What works, gaps and areas for improvement
Authors: Samarasekera Dujeepa D. , Lee Shuh Shing , Yeo Jillian H. T. , Yeo Su Ping , Ponnamperuma Gominda
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Developing a physician equipped with both technical and affective skills is crucial in ensuring quality patient care. Of these skills, nurturing empathy is a key skill that has been studied in great detail, particularly among medical undergraduates. Despite numerous studies trending the changes in empathy, the results are often contradictory or confusing. Our study aims to find what interventions are effective to inculcate empathy in both undergraduate and postgraduate medical education and suggest areas for improvement.

Methods

A narrative review was conducted on the interventions in nurturing empathy in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Original research articles and systematic reviews with clear interventions and outcomes were included in the study.

Results

A total of 44 articles were reviewed. About 44% (n = 18) of the studies used a mixture of different approaches as their interventions. Some interventions were anchored by specific topics: Seven papers focusing on communication skills, three papers on humanities, and three on arts. A majority of the interventions (60%; n = 26) were implemented over a span of time as compared to studies which suggested a one‐off intervention (30%; n = 12). Of the 26 papers in which the interventions were enforced over a period of time, 62% (n = 16) indicated an increase in student empathy whereas 16% (n = 4) indicated no changes in empathy post‐intervention. On the contrary, 50% (n = 6) of the one‐off interventions revealed no significant change in student empathy. Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) is widely used in measuring student empathy postintervention, but approximately 41% of the studies included measuring tools other than JSE.

Conclusions

Pedagogical methods that invoke thought processes related to the affective domain of learning and experiential learning are more effective than the didactic methods of teaching and learning. Multimodal mixed‐methods approach that combine different pedagogical interventions is more likely to bring about the desired results.
Ben Garnier and geography at the University of Otago, 1945–1951
Authors: Roche Michael
Published: July 2022

Ben Garnier was appointed to teach geography at the University of Otago in 1945. The circumstances by which Garnier accepted the appointment and his role as a teacher, researcher and officer of the New Zealand Geographical Society until his departure in 1951 are examined.
Widespread and transgenerational retrotransposon activation in inter‐ and intraspecies recombinant inbred populations of Lotus japonicus
Authors: Fukai Eigo , Yoshikawa Manabu , Shah Niraj , Sandal Niels , Miyao Akio , Ono Seijiro , Hirakawa Hideki , Akyol Turgut Yigit , Umehara Yosuke , Nonomura Ken‐Ichi , Stougaard Jens , Hirochika Hirohiko , Hayashi Makoto , Sato Shusei , Andersen Stig Uggerhøj , Okazaki Keiichi
Published: July 2022

Transposable elements (TEs) constitute a large proportion of genomes of multicellular eukaryotes, including flowering plants. TEs are normally maintained in a silenced state and their transpositions rarely occur. Hybridization between distant species has been regarded as a ‘shock’ that stimulates genome reorganization, including TE mobilization. However, whether crosses between genetically close parents that result in viable and fertile offspring can induce TE transpositions has remained unclear. Here, we investigated the activation of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons in three Lotus japonicus recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. We found that at least six LTR retrotransposon families were activated and transposed in 78% of the RILs investigated. LORE1a, one of the transposed LTR retrotransposons, showed transgenerational epigenetic activation, indicating the long‐term effects of epigenetic instability induced by hybridization. Our study highlights TE activation as an unexpectedly common event in plant reproduction.
Establishment of a reference interval for urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio in dogs
Authors: Falus Fruzsina Anna , Vizi Zsuzsanna , Szabó Korinna Éva , Müller Linda , Reiczigel Jenő , Balogh Nándor , Manczur Ferenc
Published: July 2022

Background

Albuminuria is an important marker of renal damage and can precede proteinuria; thus, it can be a useful analyte in the early diagnosis of kidney diseases. Albuminuria has also been found in dogs with hypertension, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic diseases.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to establish a reference interval (RI) for albuminuria in dogs.

Methods

One hundred sixty‐four clinically healthy dogs were enrolled in the study. Urinary albumin was determined by the immunoturbidimetric method, and albumin excretion was expressed as the urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine (UAC) ratio. The RI for UAC was established.

Results

After exclusions, 124 dogs from 32 breeds remained. The median UAC of the study population was 3.0 mg/g (range: 0‐48). The RI was defined as 0‐19 mg/g (with a 90% CI for the upper limit of 13‐28 mg/g). No significant difference was found between male and female dogs or between different age and body weight groups. The results of Sighthounds (n = 30) and Beagle dogs (n = 23) did not differ from the other breeds.

Conclusion

The canine RI of UAC is similar but somewhat narrower than the human RI.
Piperaquine Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profiles in Healthy Volunteers of Papua New Guinea after Administration of Three-Monthly Doses of Dihydroartemisinin–Piperaquine
Authors: Millat-Martínez Pere , Salman Sam , Moore Brioni R. , Baro Bàrbara , Page-Sharp Madhu , Batty Kevin T. , Robinson Leanne J. , Pomat William , Karunajeewa Harin , Laman Moses , Manning Laurens , Mitjà Oriol , Bassat Quique
Published: July 2022

Mass drug administration (MDA) with monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQP) appears useful in malaria control and elimination strategies. Determining the relationship between consecutive piperaquine phosphate (PQP) exposure and its impact on QT interval prolongation is a key safety consideration for MDA campaigns.
Controlled Human Infection Models To Accelerate Vaccine Development
Authors: Choy Robert K. M. , Bourgeois A. Louis , Ockenhouse Christian F. , Walker Richard I. , Sheets Rebecca L. , Flores Jorge
Published: July 2022

The timelines for developing vaccines against infectious diseases are lengthy, and often vaccines that reach the stage of large phase 3 field trials fail to provide the desired level of protective efficacy. The application of controlled human challenge models of infection and disease at the appropriate stages of development could accelerate development of candidate vaccines and, in fact, has done so successfully in some limited cases.
Revisiting Clickers: In-Class Questions Followed by At-Home Reflections Are Associated with Higher Student Performance on Related Exam Questions
Authors: Kirkwood-Watts Dana L. , Bremers Emily K. , Robinson Emily A. , Brazeal Kathleen R. , Couch Brian A.
Published: July 2022

Clicker questions are a commonly used active learning technique that stimulates student interactions to help advance understanding of key concepts. Clicker questions are often administered with an initial vote, peer discussion, and a second vote, followed by broader classroom explanation.
Full-Length Genome Sequence of a Novel European Antigenic Variant Strain of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
Authors: Molinet Annonciade , Courtillon Céline , Le Men Maryvonne , Amenna-Bernard Nadia , Retaux Charlotte , Leroux Aurélie , Lucas Pierrick , Blanchard Yannick , Nooruzzaman Mohammed , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Briand François-Xavier , Grasland Béatrice , Eterradossi Nicolas , Soubies Sébastien
Published: July 2022

We report the full-length genome sequence (compared to reference sequences) of a novel European variant strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), designated 19P009381 (AxB1). This should help to further identify such viruses in Europe.
RG203KR Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid: Assessing the Impact Using a Virus-Like Particle Model System
Authors: Raheja Harsha , Das Soma , Banerjee Anindita , P. Dikshaya , C. Deepika , Mukhopadhyay Debanjan , Ramachandra Subbaraya G. , Das Saumitra
Published: July 2022

Since its origin in late 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been constantly mutating and evolving. Current studies mostly employ spike protein (S) pseudovirus systems to determine the effects of mutations on the infectivity and immunogenicity of variants.
Continued Vaccine Breakthrough Cases of Serotype 3 Complicated Pneumonia in Vaccinated Children, Portugal (2016–2019)
Authors: Silva-Costa Catarina , Gomes-Silva Joana , Pinho Marcos D. , Friães Ana , Ramirez Mário , Melo-Cristino José
Published: July 2022

The use of conjugate vaccines against
Streptococcus pneumoniae
in children has led to substantial reductions in pneumococcal invasive disease. However, the reductions seen in each of the 13 serotypes currently included in the highest-valency vaccine approved for use in children (PCV13), were not the same.
Discovery of Novel Iminosugar Compounds Produced by
Lactobacillus paragasseri
MJM60645 and Their Anti-Biofilm Activity against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Gu Mingkun , Cheng Jinhua , Lee Yeong-Geun , Cho Joo-Hyung , Suh Joo-Won
Published: July 2022

In this study, we isolated lactic acid bacteria that inhibit streptococcal biofilm from the oral cavity of infants and identified two novel compounds from the supernatant of their culture broth. The two compounds are structurally similar, and both consist of iminosugars, glycerol, and unsaturated fatty acid.
‘Tricked’ sensory trick: a geste antagoniste in functional dystonia
Authors: Lagrand Tjerk J , Almuwais Ahmed , Lehn Alexander C
Published: July 2022

A sensory trick, or geste antagoniste, is a manoeuvre used by patients with dystonia to ameliorate their dystonic movements or posturing. Typically, a sensory trick is a confirmatory clue indicating an organic nature of the dystonia. In this report, we present an extremely rare case of a sensory trick in a patient with functional dystonia.
Vitamin D intoxication and severe hypercalcaemia complicating nutritional supplements misuse
Authors: Alkundi Alamin , Momoh Rabiu , Musa Abdelmajid , Nwafor Nkemjika
Published: July 2022

This case report discusses an uncommon presentation of vitamin D intoxication and severe hypercalcaemia attributed to misuse of multiple nutritional supplements (˃20 active agents). A review of this case, supported by accumulated literature, lends room to further public health safety discussions. The multisystemic clinical manifestations of vitamin D toxicity can be debilitating, hence the need to prevent its occurrence.
Atezolizumab-induced autoimmune diabetes mellitus presenting as diabetic ketoacidosis and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Authors: Singhal Sachi , Patel Goonja , Singh Rohan Bir , Goyal Aakash , Avgush Karen , Koka Jean
Published: July 2022

Atezolizumab is a humanised monoclonal IgG1 antibody that is used in treating many solid malignancies. Endocrinopathies are known but a rare adverse event of these immunotherapeutic drugs. Autoimmune diabetes induced by atezolizumab has been rarely reported in the literature. We report the case of a woman in her eighth decade with no known history of diabetes who developed new-onset autoimmune diabetes and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy due to the adverse effects of atezolizumab therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. We also review the characteristics and outcomes of cases previously reported in the literature.
Codesign approaches involving older adults in the development of electronic healthcare tools: a systematic review
Authors: Cole Amy C , Adapa Karthik , Khasawneh Amro , Richardson Daniel R , Mazur Lukasz
Published: July 2022

Objective

The primary aim was to review and synthesise the current evidence of how older adults are involved in codesign approaches to develop electronic healthcare tools (EHTs). The secondary aim was to identify how the codesign approaches used mutual learning techniques to benefit older adult participants.

Design

Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews 2020 checklist.

Data sources

PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases were searched for studies from January 2010 to March 2021.

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria were studies employing codesign approaches to develop an EHTs, and the study population was aged 60 years and older.

Data extraction and synthesis

Data were extracted for analysis and risk of bias. We evaluated the quality of studies using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center approach.

Results

Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. All studies used at least two involvement processes, with interviews and prototypes used most frequently. Through cross-classification, we found an increased utilisation of functional prototypes in studies reaching the ‘empower’ level of participation and found that studies which benefitted from mutual learning had a higher utilisation of specific involvement processes such as focus groups and functional prototyping.

Conclusions

We found gaps to support which involvement processes, participation levels and learning models should be employed when codesigning with older adults. This is important because higher levels of participation may increase the user’s knowledge of technology, enhance learning and empower participants. To ensure studies optimise participation and learning of older adults when developing EHTs, there is a need to place more emphasis on the approaches promoting mutual learning.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021240013.
Effects of inulin-type fructans supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Talukdar Jhalok Ronjan , Cooper Matthew Adam , Lyutvyn Lyuba , Zeraatkar Dena , Ali Rahim , Bierbrier Rachel , Janes Sabrina , Ha Vanessa , Darling Pauline B , Sievenpiper John L , Jenkins David J A , Banfield Laura , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , de Souza Russell J
Published: July 2022

Introduction

This review aims to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with inulin-type fructans (ITF) compared with no supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults and assess the quality of trial reporting using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and CONSORT for abstract (CONSORT-A) checklists.

Methods and analysis

We will search randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Emcare, AMED and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to 31 March 2022, without any language restrictions. The RCTs need to administer ITF in adults for at least 2 weeks and assess effects on at least one cardiovascular risk factor. We will exclude RCTs that (1) assessed the postprandial effects of ITF; (2) included pregnant or lactating participants; (3) enrolled participants undergoing treatment that might affect the response to ITF. We will assess the study risk of bias (RoB) using V.2 of the Cochrane RoB tool for RCTs (RoB 2) and the certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. We will pool data using a random-effects model. We will use the χ2 test to compare compliance of CONSORT and CONSORT-A checklists and Poisson regression to identify factors associated with better reporting.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required for secondary analysis of already published data. We will publish the reviews in a peer-review journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42019136745.
Deriving and validating a risk prediction model for long COVID-19: protocol for an observational cohort study using linked Scottish data
Authors: Daines Luke , Mulholland Rachel H , Vasileiou Eleftheria , Hammersley Vicky , Weatherill David , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Kerr Steven , Moore Emily , Pesenti Elisa , Quint Jennifer K , Shah Syed Ahmar , Shi Ting , Simpson Colin R , Robertson Chris , Sheikh Aziz
Published: July 2022

Introduction

COVID-19 is commonly experienced as an acute illness, yet some people continue to have symptoms that persist for weeks, or months (commonly referred to as ‘long-COVID’). It remains unclear which patients are at highest risk of developing long-COVID. In this protocol, we describe plans to develop a prediction model to identify individuals at risk of developing long-COVID.

Methods and analysis

We will use the national Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 (EAVE II) platform, a population-level linked dataset of routine electronic healthcare data from 5.4 million individuals in Scotland. We will identify potential indicators for long-COVID by identifying patterns in primary care data linked to information from out-of-hours general practitioner encounters, accident and emergency visits, hospital admissions, outpatient visits, medication prescribing/dispensing and mortality. We will investigate the potential indicators of long-COVID by performing a matched analysis between those with a positive reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 infection and two control groups: (1) individuals with at least one negative RT-PCR test and never tested positive; (2) the general population (everyone who did not test positive) of Scotland. Cluster analysis will then be used to determine the final definition of the outcome measure for long-COVID. We will then derive, internally and externally validate a prediction model to identify the epidemiological risk factors associated with long-COVID.

Ethics and dissemination

The EAVE II study has obtained approvals from the Research Ethics Committee (reference: 12/SS/0201), and the Public Benefit and Privacy Panel for Health and Social Care (reference: 1920-0279). Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. Understanding the predictors for long-COVID and identifying the patient groups at greatest risk of persisting symptoms will inform future treatments and preventative strategies for long-COVID.
Transfer of congenital heart patients from paediatric to adult services in England
Authors: Espuny Pujol Ferran , Franklin Rodney C , Crowe Sonya , Brown Kate L , Swan Lorna , Pagel Christina , English Kate M
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study assessed the transfer of patients from paediatric cardiac to adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) services in England and the factors impacting on this process.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used a population-based linked data set (LAUNCHES QI data set: ‘Linking Audit and National datasets in Congenital Heart Services for Quality Improvement’) including all patients born between 1987 and 2000, recorded as having a congenital heart disease (CHD) procedure in childhood. Hospital Episode Statistics data identified transfer from paediatric to ACHD services between the ages of 16 and 22 years.

Results

Overall, 63.8% of a cohort of 10 298 patients transferred by their 22nd birthday. The estimated probability of transfer by age 22 was 96.5% (95% CI 95.3 to 97.7), 86.7% (95% CI 85.6 to 87.9) and 41.0% (95% CI 39.4 to 42.6) for severe, moderate and mild CHD, respectively. 166 patients (1.6%) died between 16 and 22 years; 42 of these (0.4%) died after age 16 but prior to transfer. Multivariable ORs in the moderate and severe CHD groups up to age 20 showed significantly lower likelihood of transfer among female patients (0.87, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.97), those with missing ethnicity data (0.31, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.52), those from deprived areas (0.84, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.98) and those with moderate (compared with severe) CHD (0.30, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.35). The odds of transfer were lower for the horizontal compared with the vertical care model (0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.72). Patients who did not transfer had a lower probability of a further National Congenital Heart Disease Audit procedure between ages 20 and 30 compared with those who did transfer: 12.3% (95% CI 5.1 to 19.6) vs 32.5% (95% CI 28.7 to 36.3).

Conclusions

Majority of patients with moderate or severe CHD in England transfer to adult services. Patients who do not transfer undergo fewer elective CHD procedures over the following decade.
Inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) enhances the antitumor T cell response through regulating β-catenin signaling in cancer cells and ER stress in T cells and synergizes with anti-PD-1 antibody
Authors: Katoh Yuki , Yaguchi Tomonori , Kubo Akiko , Iwata Takashi , Morii Kenji , Kato Daiki , Ohta Shigeki , Satomi Ryosuke , Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Oyamada Yoshitaka , Ouchi Kota , Takahashi Shin , Ishioka Chikashi , Matoba Ryo , Suematsu Makoto , Kawakami Yutaka
Published: July 2022

Background

Understanding the mechanisms of non-T cell inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) and their modulation are important to improve cancer immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. The involvement of various immunometabolisms has recently been indicated in the formation of immunosuppressive TME. In this study, we investigated the immunological roles of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), which is essential for fatty acid metabolism, in the cancer immune response.

Methods

We investigated the roles of SCD1 by inhibition with the chemical inhibitor or genetic manipulation in antitumor T cell responses and the therapeutic effect of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) antibody using various mouse tumor models, and their cellular and molecular mechanisms. The roles of SCD1 in human cancers were also investigated by gene expression analyses of colon cancer tissues and by evaluating the related free fatty acids in sera obtained from patients with non-small cell lung cancer who were treated with anti-PD-1 antibody.

Results

Systemic administration of a SCD1 inhibitor in mouse tumor models enhanced production of CCL4 by cancer cells through reduction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and by CD8+effector T cells through reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. It in turn promoted recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) into the tumors and enhanced the subsequent induction and tumor accumulation of antitumor CD8+T cells. SCD1 inhibitor was also found to directly stimulate DCs and CD8+T cells. Administration of SCD1 inhibitor or SCD1 knockout in mice synergized with an anti-PD-1 antibody for its antitumor effects in mouse tumor models. High SCD1 expression was observed in one of the non-T cell-inflamed subtypes in human colon cancer, and serum SCD1 related fatty acids were correlated with response rates and prognosis of patients with non-small lung cancer following anti-PD-1 antibody treatment.

Conclusions

SCD1 expressed in cancer cells and immune cells causes immunoresistant conditions, and its inhibition augments antitumor T cells and therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 antibody. Therefore, SCD1 is an attractive target for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve current cancer immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Non-synergy of PD-1 blockade with T-cell therapy in solid tumors
Authors: Davies John S , Karimipour Farrah , Zhang Ling , Nagarsheth Nisha , Norberg Scott , Serna Carylinda , Strauss Julius , Chiou Shinheng , Gulley James L , Hinrichs Christian S
Published: July 2022

Background

Cell therapy has shown promise in the treatment of certain solid tumors, but its efficacy may be limited by inhibition of therapeutic T cells by the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) receptor. Clinical trials are testing cell therapy in combination withPDCD1disruption or PD-1-axis blockade. However, preclinical data to support these approaches and to guide the treatment design are lacking.

Methods

Mechanisms of tumor regression and interaction between cell therapy and PD-1 blockade were investigated in congenic murine tumor models based on targeting established, solid tumors with T-cell receptor T cells directed against tumor-restricted, non-self antigens (ie, tumor neoantigens).

Results

In solid tumor models of cell therapy, PD-1 blockade mediated a reproducible but non-synergistic increase in tumor regression following adoptive T-cell transfer. Tumor regression was associated with increased tumor infiltration by endogenous T cells but not by transferred T cells. The effect was independent of PD-1 receptor expression by transferred T cells and was dependent on the endogenous T-cell repertoire and on tumor antigenicity. PD-1 blockade primarily induced cell state changes in endogenous tumor-antigen-specific T cells rather than transferred T cells.

Conclusions

Together, these findings support the concept that PD-1 blockade acts primarily through endogenous rather than transferred T cells to mediate a non-synergistic antitumor effect in solid tumor cell therapy. These findings have important implications for strategies to leverage PD-1 receptor disruption or blockade to enhance the efficacy of cell therapy.
Search for invisible dark photon in $$\gamma e$$ scattering at future lepton colliders
Authors: İnan S. C. , Kisselev A. V.
Published: July 2022

For the first time, the production of a massive dark photon (DP) in the $$\gamma e^-$$

γ

e
-

scattering at the future lepton colliders ILC, CLIC, and CEPC is examined. The invisible decay mode of the DP is addressed. We have studied both the unpolarized scattering and the collision of the Compton backscattered photons with the polarized electron. The missing energy distributions are shown. We have considered the wide range 1–1000 GeV of the DP mass $$m_{A'}$$

m

A
′

. The excluded regions at the 95% CL in the plane $$(\varepsilon , m_{A'})$$

(
ε
,

m

A
′

)

, where $$\varepsilon $$
ε
is the kinetic mixing parameter, are obtained. In particular, in the low mass region, 1–10 GeV our bounds for the 90 GeV CEPC are several times stronger than experimental limits obtained by the BaBar collaboration. For the polarized scattering, the excluded bounds for all three colliders are approximately 20% stronger as compared with the unpolarized case.
A foreground model independent estimation of joint posterior of CMB E-mode polarization over large angular scales
Authors: Purkayastha Ujjal , Sudevan Vipin , Saha Rajib
Published: July 2022

The advent of precision cosmology has led to a very accurate observational data. In order to extract cosmological information, we therefore need robust and accurate Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) reconstruction techniques with reliable statistical error estimates associated with them. We show the performance of our algorithm using simulations of the future Probe of Inflation and Cosmic Origins (PICO) missions. To generate samples from the joint distribution, we employ the internal linear combination (ILC) technique with prior information of CMB E-mode covariance matrix augmented by a Gibbs sampling technique of Sudevan and Saha 2020. We estimate the marginalized densities of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] using the samples from full-posterior. The best-fit cleaned E-mode map and the corresponding angular power spectrum are consistent with the input E-mode map and the sky power spectrum implying accurate reconstruction. Using the samples [Formula: see text] of all Gibbs chains, we estimate the likelihood function [Formula: see text]) of any arbitrary [Formula: see text] given simulated observed maps (data, D) of PICO mission using a Blackwell–Rao estimator. The likelihood function can be seamlessly integrated to the cosmological parameter estimation method. Apart from producing an accurate estimate of E-mode signal over large angular scales, our method also builds a connection between the component reconstruction and reliable cosmological parameter estimation using CMB E-mode observations over large angular scales. The entire method does not assume any explicit models for E-mode foreground components in order to remove them, which is an attractive property since foreground modeling uncertainty does not pose as a challenge in this case.
COCO: Coherent Consensus Schema For Dynamic Spectrum Allocation For 5G
Authors: Babu C. Rajesh , Ramana Kadiyala , Jeya R. , Srinivasulu Asadi
Published: July 2022

Numerous wireless technologies have been integrated to provide 5th generation (5G) communication networks capable of delivering mission‐critical applications and services. Despite considerable developments in a variety of supporting technologies, next‐generation cellular deployments may still face severe bandwidth constraints as a result of inefficient radio spectrum use. To this end, a variety of appropriate frameworks have recently emerged that all aid mobile network operators (MNOs) in making effective use of the abundant frequency bands that other incumbents reserve for their own use. The proposed COCO model for Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (DSA) has 2 functionalities such as 1. Coherent PU‐SU packet acceptance algorithm for Secondary User (SU) in DSA. 2. Consensus Algorithm for PU‐SU Channel Reservation in DSA. To enable a 5G service with one‐millisecond latency, interconnection ports between operators are expected to be required at every base station, which would have a significant influence on the topological structure of the core network. Additionally, just one radio network infrastructure would need to be created, which all operators would then be able to use. We allow change of PU SU characteristics to satisfy the needs of new services. These modifications are accomplished via the use of Coherent and Consensus Algorithms that regulate PU and SU through negotiation and allocation procedures. Our primary objective was to decrease interference, handoff latency, and the chance of blocking. In this paper, we describe our idea for employing COCO Model to address the issues of spectrum mobility, sharing, and handoff for Cognitive Radio Networks in 5G.
Improvement of the Public Health Service Platform System Based on the Big Data-Driven System
Authors: Tian Hua
Published: July 2022

At present, complex discrete dynamic systems are widely used in the field of medicine. The control system in the complex discrete dynamic model is gradually transformed into intelligent control. It has become the main research direction of researchers to improve the medical platform system by adding different modeling strategies. The traditional discrete modeling technology can only be used as the knowledge content of students’ textbooks because it can no longer meet the needs of the development of human society. In order to improve the application of a discrete system in the public platform, this paper studies the improvement of the public health service platform system based on the complex discrete dynamic system. Firstly, a time-driven control strategy is proposed to study the output feedback control with random sampling in the platform. Then, the stability of random parameters and the addition of dynamic scheduling strategies are further studied. Compared with the traditional system, the optimized system greatly strengthens the data transmission problem of input and output channels. The results show that by improving the performance of the public health service platform system, the probability of problems in the process of data transmission is greatly reduced. After adding controllable and observable performance to the system, the stability of the whole system is further improved. The improved public health service platform system studied in this paper can store and transmit a large number of user data in the network environment, automatically maintaining the stability of the system and has a good social application value.
Rural Revitalization and Digital Financial Economic Development Model Based on Multimodal Sensor Fusion
Authors: Wang Ping
Published: July 2022

Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the key to rural development has been to solve the problem of rural development. The “three rural issues” is a critical issue for the country’s economy. In addition, the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy under the environment of data financial and economic development can be more convenient and efficient. However, the traditional sensor fusion technology still has the disadvantages of low efficiency and high cost in the application of Rural Revitalization and digital financial economic development model. In order to solve the shortcomings of this technology, this paper proposes a multimodal sensor fusion technology combined with BP neural network (BPNN, a commonly used feedback neural network) and Kalman filter (a linear filtering algorithm), and it constructs a rural economic development model combined with digital finance. This paper uses this technology to study the economic development model. Firstly, the research method is to visit and investigate the residents and basic economic situation of a village and then use the economic development model constructed in this paper to carry out the economic analysis of the BPNN model and Kalman filter model. It includes Mohr scatter diagram, economic income, industrial investment, product export, and household consumption. The results show that the Mohr scatter diagram of the village changes from the third quadrant (−0.7, −0.5) to the first quadrant (−0.7, 0.3); the difference between the economic income calculated by the Kalman filter algorithm and BPNN algorithm and the actual value shall not exceed 10%. The rural industrial investment index increased by 56.08, the product export index increased by 30.11, and the household consumption index increased by 13.10. It shows that the economic development model constructed in this paper has achieved good results.
Decoding the Mechanism of Shixiao Powder in Treating Coronary Heart Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Jiang Zuo-min , Wu Tong , Xue Yi-tao , Li Yan , Li Gui-hua , Huang Kai , Yuan Hua-jing , Du Meng-qi
Published: July 2022

Shixiao powder comes from the Formularies of the Bureau of People’s Welfare Pharmacies in the Song Dynasty and consists of two herbs, Puhuang (PH) and Wulingzhi (WLZ). PH-WLZ is a commonly used drug pair for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), and its clinical effect is remarkable. However, our understanding of the mechanism of treatment of CHD is still unclear. In this study, the method of network pharmacology was used to explore the mechanism of PH-WLZ in the treatment of CHD. A total of 56 active ingredients were identified from PH-WLZ, of which 93 targets of 41 active ingredients overlapped with those of CHD. By performing Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, we obtained the main pathways associated with CHD and those associated with the mechanism of PH-WLZ in the treatment of CHD. By constructing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of common targets, 10 hub genes were identified. Based on the number of hub genes contained in the enrichment analysis, we obtained the key pathways of PH-WLZ in the treatment of CHD. The key KEGG pathway in the treatment of CHD by PH-WLZ is mainly enriched in atherosclerosis, inflammation, immunity, oxidative stress, and infection-related pathways. Moreover, the results of molecular docking showed that the active ingredients of PH-WLZ had a good affinity with the hub genes. The results indicate that the mechanism of PH-WLZ in the treatment of CHD may be related to regulation of lipid metabolism, regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, regulation of downstream genes of fluid shear stress, antiaging and oxidative stress, and virus inhibition.
A Method for Predicting Coupling Laws of UWB EMP to Millimeter Wave Detector
Authors: Chen Kaibai , Gao Min
Published: July 2022

The millimeter wave detector has been widely applied in short-range detection systems. However, it can be easily disturbed by the ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse (UWB EMP). In this paper, we proposed a simplified model to investigate the coupling laws of UWB EMP to the millimeter wave detector. With the help of finite integration technology (FIT), the coupling process can be visualized, and the most sensitive pose and the coupling path are analyzed. The irradiation tests are carried out to verify the simulation results. The results show that the shielding effectiveness (SE) of the detector in the vertical state is the worst, and the UWB EMP enters the detector mainly through the circular opening. Under the irradiation of UWB EMP, the detector shows three phenomena: interruptions, constant false alarms, and damage. The interruptions can be recovered by power reset, while the constant false alarms and damage are irreversible effects. The results can be employed to reinforce the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the millimeter wave detector. With the increasing use of short-range detection systems, the EMC of existing products must be improved.
Rail Transit Prediction Based on Multi-View Graph Attention Networks
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Xin , Wang Jiao
Published: July 2022

Traffic prediction is the cornerstone of intelligent transportation system. In recent years, graph neural network has become the mainstream traffic prediction method due to its excellent processing ability of unstructured data. However, the network relationship in the real world is more complex. Multiple nodes and various associations such as different types of stations and lines in rail transit always exist at the same time. In an end-to-end model, the training accuracy will suffer if the same weights are assigned to multiple views. Thus, this paper proposes a framework with multi-view and multi-layer attention, which aims to solve the problem of node prediction involving multiple relationships. Specifically, the proposed model maps multiple relationships into multiple views. A graph convolutional neural network of multiple views with multi-layer attention learns the optimal regression of nodes. Furthermore, the model uses an autoencoder module to alleviate the over-smoothing problem during the training phase. With the historical dataset of Beijing rail transit, the experiment proves that the prediction accuracy of the model is generally better than the baseline traffic prediction algorithms.
Optimization of Dynamic Graphic Packaging Design Scheme Based on Graph Neural Network
Authors: Tao Jie
Published: July 2022

The traditional packaging design is inseparable from graphics, but the graphics is static, and the emergence of dynamic graphics breaks the conventional packaging design concept. This study optimized dynamic graph packaging design based on graph neural network technology. This paper first gives a brief introduction to the graph neural network, mainly to optimize the problem that the graph neural network has a large number of learning, and also expounds the principle of the graph neural network using formulas. Then this paper introduces the dynamic graphic packaging design in detail, which involves the elements of packaging design, the types of dynamic graphics, design ideas, and so on. Later, this paper tests users’ attention to the product through eye movement experiment and graph neural network algorithm. The experiment showed that the dynamic graphics packaging design of product 7 was the most popular, with the dynamic graphics area users viewed it up to 93 times. It can be seen that this dynamic graphic packaging design optimization scheme is effective, and it also provides a possibility for the optimization of dynamic graphic packaging design scheme.
Multicriteria Deming Regressive African Buffalo Optimized Mapping for 3D NoC Architecture Design
Authors: G Sushma , Alagarsamy Aravindhan , Gopalakrishnan Lakshminarayanan , Vadde Aruna Rai
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Networks-on-Chip (NoC) is a network-based communication between operating cores and intellectual property (IP) cores integrated on the same chip. An efficient design of NoC ensures high-speed data transfer and minimum essential connections in large-scale multicore, low power applications. Design/methodology/approach. A unique technique called Multicriteria Deming Regressive African Buffalo Optimized Mapping Weighted Directive Graph Theory (MDRABOMWDGT) is introduced for an efficient Network-on-Chip architecture design. The main aim of the proposed technique is to find efficient operating cores integrated on the chip with minimum time. Initially, a set of IP cores are listed with their connections from the benchmark dataset. Then Multicriteria Deming Regressive African Buffalo Optimization is applied to the topology for mapping strategy on 3D NoC, with communication metrics such as throughput, latency, and computation time. The optimization technique initializes the population of cores in search space. For each core in the network, communication metrics are measured; then Deming regression is applied to analyze multicriteria functions for minimizing computation time. Further, fitness is measured to get an optimal IP core for improving the performance of mapping in 3D NoC. Findings. Comprehensive experimental evaluation is conducted using a benchmark dataset, communication metrics are measured, and results show significant improvement in performance with respect to energy parameters compared to state-of-the-art works. Originality/value. The mapping strategy for 3D NOC is developed and the results are compared with the state-of-the-art techniques.
Early Cyberspace Emergency Response by Predicting Social-Emotional Security
Authors: Jiang Si , Fu Ziwang , Zhang Hongwei , Qi Jiayin , Zhou Yanquan , Fang Binxing
Published: July 2022

With the intensified social conflicts and cyberspace crises, the public is facing the emotional impact and lack of security feelings responding to emergencies. The most recent research only focuses on the influence of discrete emotions, but the induced stressful feeling of emotional security has not been a concern by the government. In this work, we first propose a concept of social-emotional security, evolving from the classical theories of risk society and psychological resilience. Second, we integrate a social-emotional security index measurement method with the proposed three metrics: emotional bias, situational risk, and potential hazard. We also suggest a grading scheme for the emotional regulation strategy with a 0.3 safety valve. Finally, the accuracy is over 78% for detecting the potential risk of emerging events, and the method is feasible in another 30 social safety events with a trend coincidence beyond 63.3%.
Arcobacter Butzleri in an AIDS Patient
Authors: Tan Trevor Hwee Yong , Tham Sai Meng , Tambyah Paul Anatharajah
Published: July 2022

Background. Arcobacter butzleri (A. butzleri) is an emerging enteric pathogen increasingly identified in Europe and is likely under-reported in other global regions. We describe to our knowledge the first case report of A. butzleri in an AIDS patient, along with the first documented local (Singapore) case of A. butzleri infection. Case Presentation. A 38-year-old AIDS patient presented with diarrhoea of 2 weeks’ duration. Stool cultures yielded A. butzleri. The patient was treated with 3 days of ciprofloxacin with clinical resolution of diarrhoea. Conclusion. A. butzleri is likely to be present, although under-reported in AIDS patients, and it should be noted as a pathogen of increasing significance.
A Study for Development Suitability of Biomass Power Generation Technology Based on GHG Emission Reduction Benefits and Growth Potential
Authors: Li Deming
Published: July 2022

Biomass energy can alleviate global warming and solve energy depletion, which is increasingly concerned by the world. Due to the different emission reduction benefits and growth potential of different regions and biomass power generation technologies, analyzing the suitability of these technologies combined with regional conditions can more accurately guide the long- and short-term development of biomass power industry. However, there is no comprehensive evaluation of the benefits and potential of several biomass power generation technologies in different regions. Therefore, this paper introduces development suitability indexes and constructs life-cycle environmental impact and time-value economic impact assessment models, and a growth potential dynamic assessment model based on Gaussian process and particle swarm optimization to illustrate the greenhouse gas emission reduction benefits and growth potential of biomass power generation technologies. The empirical research of China shows that biomass gasification and direct combustion power generation can bring the best environmental benefits, and biogas power generation can bring the best economic benefits. For regions with abundant biomass resources and bad air condition, it is more suitable to develop gasification and direct combustion power generation technology, while mixed-combustion and biogas power generation technology are more suitable in regions with high electricity consumption.
Image Recognition Algorithm Based on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Authors: Si Lipeng , Liu Baolong , Fu Yanfang
Published: July 2022

At present, most of the existing image recognition methods are not only cumbersome in process but also require manual design of functions, resulting in poor recognition results and time-consuming training. This study explores image recognition algorithms based on artificial intelligence and machine learning, which can simulate the hierarchical structure of the human brain and nervous system, realize automatic extraction of complex features, and have powerful data representation capabilities. In this study, the structure of artificial neuron is introduced first, and the training process of the neural network is introduced in detail. At the same time, this study improves the traditional training algorithm and proposes two new machine learning models for different application scenarios, which effectively improves the performance of the optimal model. In relevant tests, the effect is significant. On the basis of these improved algorithms, an online recognition system is designed and implemented. The recognition accuracy rate of the system for the hidden layer reaches more than 90%, which verifies the effectiveness of the technology. At the same time, after repeated experiments, the results show that the multiview algorithm effectively solves the problem that the recognition results of the traditional multiview algorithm are affected by the size of the target contour.