bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population growth of microcrustaceans in water from habitats with differing salinities
Authors: Breen Christopher J. , Cahill Abigail E.
Published: November 2021

Inland salt marshes are a rare habitat in North America. Little is known about the invertebrates in these habitats and their ability to cope with the brackish conditions of the marsh. We studied the population growth of ostracods found in an inland salt marsh (Maple River salt marsh) and of copepods found in the wetland habitat immediately adjacent to the freshwater Kalamazoo River. By studying these species in water from both habitats, we aimed to find out if they performed differently in the two habitats. We also tested Daphnia pulex in water from the two habitats due to the history of Daphnia spp. as model organisms. We found that copepods performed better in water taken from the Maple River salt marsh, and the ostracods and D. pulex performed equally well in either water. This was unexpected, since ostracods are found in the salt marsh and copepods in the freshwater area. As a second experiment, we tested the invertebrates in pairwise interactions. In water from the Kalamazoo River, ostracods outperformed the other two species, but there was no difference between D. pulex and copepods. No species outperformed the other in salt marsh water. Our results show no local adaptation to salinity, suggesting that ostracods and copepods may be limited in their respective distributions by dispersal limitation or habitat suitability.
A Study on Psychological Job Characteristics of Firefighters at Nuclear Power Plants and the Effect of Local Officials' Perception for Transition to National Positions on Job Characteristics
Authors: Choi Kyung-Hwa , Lee Sang-Kyu , Lim Green , Seo Kyung-sook
Published: November 2021

This study analyzes the psychological capabilities related to job performance, such as risk perception, job satisfaction, job stress, and organizational commitment among 610 firefighters (65 own firefighters, 184 initial firefighters, and 361 local firefighters) working at various nuclear power plants. The interrelationship between the perception of risk and changes in the psychological capabilities of fire officials under the jurisdiction of nuclear power plants was investigated. The data were collected through a survey. We used SPSS 23.0 to perform descriptive statistics, correlation, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis of study variables, and AMOS 23.0 to validate the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The study results show that psychological capabilities related to job performance differed significantly for each organization to which the firefighters belonged, followed by job satisfaction, job stress, and risk perception as variables that affect organizational commitment. The high expectations of the transition to national positions have a positive impact on job satisfaction, which in turn increases organizational commitment. Based on the results, we discussed the necessary policy implications in terms of management to enhance the future performance of organizations.
Analysis of Risks Associated With Water Pipes in Rapid Flow Waterways Through Waterway Modeling Experiments
Authors: Choi Sin-Woong , Choi A-Young , Han Dong-Hun
Published: November 2021

In this study, waterway modeling experiments were conducted by incorporating the information obtained by analyzing accident sites to prevent frequent accidents of firefighters that occur during water rescue operations conducted near water pipes in rapid flow waterways. Based on the conducted experiments, it was observed that the flow velocity increased with decreasing distance from the water pipe. Furthermore, the maximum flow velocity was found to be 3.99 times higher at the posterior end than at the anterior end of the water pipe, and the flow velocity was found to be higher at the lower side than at the upper side of the water pipe’s anterior end. The maximum flow velocity was measured to be 1.65 m/s at a distance of 10 cm from the entrance to the pipe, 2.63 m/s at a distance of 5 cm from the entrance to the pipe, 7.12 m/s within the pipe, and 5.33 m/s at a distance of 5 cm from the pipe’s exit. The average flow velocity was measured to be 0.94 m/s at a distance of 10 cm from the entrance to the pipe, 5.53 m/s within the pipe, and 4.64 m/s at a distance of 5 cm from the pipe’s exit. Furthermore, in this study, relevant standard operating procedures and regulations were taken into consideration. Based on the results obtained from this study, recommendations and guidelines were then accordingly devised for preventing accidents of firefighters that occur during water rescue operations.
A Study on the Improvement Plan of Performance-based Design of Officetels of Residential Structure
Authors: Song Young-Joo , Seo D-ong-Gil , Kim Mi-Seon , Kim Hak-Joong
Published: November 2021

This study aims to identify the effect of the occupant density, application of the evacuation delay time, and the degree of opening of the fire doors in the household, parameters that are used in the performance-based design of the officetels of a residential structure, on the evaluation of evacuation safety and to suggest realistic alternatives. To this end, a preliminary survey was conducted on the number and ratio of residential officetels among the performance-based design targets in Gwangju Metropolitan City, which were implemented up to December 2020. Following this, two representative examples were selected, and for each type, an occupant density of 9.3 m2/person and 18.6 m2/person and an evacuation delay time of W1 and W2 were applied. In addition, for the degree of opening of the fire doors, full opening, 1/4 opening, and leakage gap were applied. With these conditions, the evaluation of evacuation safety was performed for 32 cases. Results of the evaluation showed that evacuation safety was secured in all cases for an occupant density of 18.6 m2/person, an evacuation delay time of W2, and the application of a leakage gap to the opening of the fire door. Therefore, using the above mentioned three parameters for the performance-based design of officetels of residential structures, we have proposed a more realistic design method in this study.
A Study on the Development of a Fire Safety Management System Model for Critical Risk Factors Assessment in a Construction Site
Authors: Bae Deok-Gon , Yoon Myung-Oh
Published: November 2021

In this study, the authors developed a fire safety management system model for critical risk factor assessment in construction sites according to the National Fire Protection Association code Fire Safety Concepts Tree (FSCT). First, the fire statistics and heavy casualties were analyzed, and the critical risk factors as associated with the key causes of fire incident and break out and life-threatening damages were derived. Furthermore, the related laws and regulations were analyzed, and the actual conditions and problems of fire safety management were noted. Next, according to the basic structure of the FSCT, a differentiated strategy was presented to reflect the characteristics of the construction site by dividing it into fire prevention and extinguishing and evacuation management. In addition, the fire safety management personnel were proposed to be assigned for thorough site inspection and management. This model was developed to improve and reinforce the current challenges in fire safety management. In the future, legislators of the construction work, project managers, site managers, supervisors, workers, etc. would use this model as a tool to understand and practice the roles and interrelationships of fire safety strategies more systematically.
Expression of B-type RAF V600E in Thyroid Carcinoma and its Association with Histological Type
Authors: Kumari Sonia , Suresh Turuvekere Narayanrao , Mohiyuddin SM Azeem
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers amongst all endocrine cancers. Incidence of thyroid malignancy is about 3-4% of all malignancy in India and 80% of thyroid malignancy belongs to Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC). Factors affecting the prognosis of PTC include patient’s gender, age, histological findings, tumour size, lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, and remote metastasis. Presence of B-type RAF V600E (BRAF V600E) mutation in thyroid carcinoma patients tends to present with more aggressive clinicopathological behaviours of PTC, prompting more aggressive radioiodine treatment. Aim: To find out the frequency of occurrence and expression of BRAF V600E mutation by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in thyroid cancer and its association with histological type and Tumour Nodes Metastases (TNM) Staging. Materials and Methods: The present observational retrospective study included patients treated for thyroid carcinoma between January 2014 to February 2019 at RL Jalappa hospital and Research centre, Kolar, Karnataka, India. The IHC was done with rabbit monoclonal anti-BRAF V600E antibody IgG Clone RM8 (VE1). Clinical records, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) diagnosis were analysed for 45 thyroid carcinoma cases. Immunopositivity was scored positive when unambiguous clear cytoplasmic staining for the antibody was observed in tumour cells. Categorical data was presented in the form of frequencies and proportions and continuous data was presented as mean and standard deviation. The t-test were applied to find out the difference in means among the groups. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of total 45 cases, 18 were classical PTC, 18 were Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Cancer (FV-PTC), 4 were micropapillary carcinomas, 3 were Follicular carcinomas, 1 was Oncocytic variant of PTC and 1 undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. Out of total 45 cases, 33 cases (73%) were found to be BRAF V600E positive and 12 (26%) were negative for BRAF V600E. Out of the total 33 BRAF V600E positive cases, 19 cases showed strong staining, 14 cases showed moderately positive staining. Conclusion: The PTC is the most frequent type of thyroid carcinoma amongst all the sub-types. BRAF V600E expression is commonly seen in higher tumour size (T3, T4) and classical PTC. Tumours with extrathyroidal extension and capsular invasion showed strong positivity.
Polysomnographic Study to Evaluate Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome in Obese and Non Obese Adolescents
Authors: Kumar HP Arun , Pushpa K
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Obesity in adolescents is an emerging problem in developing countries like India, especially among higher socioeconomic status group. Obesity is the most important reversible risk factor for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) in adolescents. Adolescent obesity with OSAS if not treated, can result in serious morbidity in cognitive, cardiovascular, somatic growth, development and metabolic disorders in future. Aim: To compare the sleep pattern between the obese and non obese adolescents and to evaluate OSAS. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study carried out at Life Style Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka, India. The study involved 30 obese and 30 non obese male adolescents, who were subjected to overnight Polysomnography (PSG) in the sleep laboratory. According to Kale’s criteria, epochs were manually scored which were compiled and statistically analysed for parameters like Sleep Latency (SL), Actual Sleep Time (AST), wake after sleep onset, percentage of Non Rapid Eye Movement (NREM), Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep stages, Sleep Efficiency (SE). The number of apnoeas and hypopnoeas were also noted to calculate Apnoea Hypopnoea Index (AHI). These parameters were compared for statistical significance using student t-test. Adolescents with AHI ≥1 were diagnosed with OSAS. Results: Mean age of obese adolescents was 17.7±0.97 years and their mean BMI was 28±0.73 kg/m2. OSAS was found in 22 out of 30 obese (73%) and 14 out of 30 (46%) non obese adolescents. It was found that apnoeas (3±4.80 vs 1±0.89), hypopnoeas (27.36±26.5 vs 5.46±2.97) and AHI (4.17±3.90 vs 0.89±0.43) were significantly more among obese adolescents when compared with non obese adolescents respectively. PSG parameters like SL, Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) were prolonged and AST, SE were reduced significantly in obese adolescents. Conclusion: Adolescents with obesity had greater occurrence of OSAS, along with altered sleep architecture in them.
Effectiveness of Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar and Dermatophyte Test Medium in Detection of Candidiasis and Dermatophytosis in Superficial Skin Lesion
Authors: Geethalakshmi V , Jasmine KA , John Anu P , Prathap Priya
Published: November 2021

Introduction: As time evolves fungal infections have increased its prevalence. Among the fungal infections, superficial fungal infections are the most common type. They can be either chronic or recurrent, therefore simple incidence figures are not the most useful means of understanding the burden of disease. Aim: Isolation and identification of pathogenic fungi from clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis and candidiasis of skin, also to compare two media used in isolation of the fungus. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one year, clinically suspected cases of dermatophyte infection and candidiasis who attended the Outpatient Department of Dermatology and Venereology Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India, were included randomly in the study. Sample size was taken as 150. Samples were collected from clinically suspected cases of dermatophytic infections and candidiasis of skin and was transported to the Microbiology Department in sterile bottles. Direct examination under KOH (Potassium hydroxide) solution was done. Culture of these samples on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol/gentamycin and Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) was analysed. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the commonest isolate 57%, followed by Trichophyton rubrum 27%. Out of six clinically suspected cases of candidiasis, no organism was isolated in the cultures. Almost all dermatophytes isolated were grown in DTM within one week of incubation except Trichophyton rubrum which appeared in the second week, while in SDA only 31% of isolates were grown. Direct smear positivity was found in 95% of the cases, while culture positivity was 45%. All isolates were grown in DTM while 31% were grown in SDA. Conclusion: Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the commonest species isolated. The next common isolate was Trichophyton rubrum. DTM was more useful as a screening medium as opposed SDA as identification medium and the isolation is more rapid.
Variability studies of Magnaporthe oryzae Using International Rice Blast Differentials Set under Agroclimatic Conditions of Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: Rasool Farahnaz , Ahmed Mushtaq , Lohani Seemi , Bhat Shubana , Kumar Sushil , Singh Purshottam
Published: November 2021

The pathogenic variability of the sixty isolates of M. oryzae was confirmed by testing them for virulence and cultivar reaction against International rice blast differentials (IBD) viz., Raminad Str. 3, Zenith, Usen, NP-125, Kanto-51, Dular, Tsia-tiao-sio and Caloro lodging Piz, Pia, Pii, Pia, Pika, Pi-k and Piks resistance genes for rice blasteither singly or in combination or with an unknown background. The pathotype analysis of the isolates, collected from four surveyed districts of Kashmir valley revealed the presence of four races viz., IC-17, IC-25, ID-1 and II-1 according to the race classification and nomenclature proposed by Ling and Ou (1969). Of the 60 isolates of M. oryzae, 25 isolates pertained to race IC-17, 16 and 14 other isolates pertained to race ID-1 and II-1, respectively, whereas four other isolates pertained to race IC-25. The   predominant pathotype  was IC-17 with a virulence frequency of  60 %, followed by II-1 (46.67%) in district Pulwama, ID-1 (40%) and IC-25 (13.33%) in district Bandipora, respectively. IC-17 was seen to be the predominant race in each location in every district. Race ID-1 has been observed to overcome the maximum number of genes viz., Pia, Pika+, Piks and  Pik. but none of the isolates was able to overcome Raminad Str 3 and Zenith.
Effect of Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices on Weed Density and Productivity of Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yadav Shipra , Yadav R. B. , Naresh R. K. , Vivek . , Dhyani B. P.
Published: November 2021

Aim: Present experiment was conducted to study the effect of crop establishment methods and weed management options on weed dynamics and performance of Basmati rice.

Study Design: Split plot design.

Place and Duration of Study: Iinvestigation was conducted during the kharif-season of 2019 and 2020 at Crop Research Center, S.V.P.University of Agriculture &Technology, Meerut (U.P.), India.

Methodology: Mainfactors consist of the crop establishment methodsviz.(1) Conventional Puddled Transplanting, (2) Unpuddled Flat and (3) Furrow Irrigated Raised Beds, the sub factors consist of five weed management options viz., (1) Pretilachlor @ 0.75 Kg ha-1 PE fb Bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i.  ha-1 POE at 20 DAT, (2) Almix 4 g a.i. ha-1 + Bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 POE at 20 DAT, (3) Bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 POE at 20 DAT, (4) Two hand weedings and (5) Weedy check.

Results: Minimum total weed density was recorded under CPT (E1) followed by FIRB(E3) while itwas maximum under UPF(E2). Two hand-weedings effectively reduced total weed density. In herbicides, application of pretilachlor @ 0.75 Kg ha-1fb Bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 (W1) was found most effective in reducingtotal weed density.Higher yield and yield attributes were found under CPT which was significantly higher than the UPF and at par with FIRB. Amongweed management practices highest yield and yield attributes were obtained with pretilachlor @ 0.75 Kg ha-1fb Bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i. ha-1.Lowest yield and yield attributes were obtained in weedy check.

Conclusion: Puddled transplantation in rice might be the best option to get higher yield and for weed control, application of Pretilachlor @ 0.75 Kg ha-1 PE fb Bispyribac sodium @ 20 g a.i.  ha-1 POE at 20 DAT may be done to get higher yield.
Genetic Diversity Analysis in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Based on Morphological Traits
Authors: Reddy M. Venugopala , Murthy P. Venkatesha , K. N. Srinivasappa , Hanumantharaya B. G. , Rao A. Mohan , Kumar M. K. Prasanna
Published: November 2021

Evaluation of fifteen diverse genotypes of cucumber was carried out in a randomized complete block design for studying genetic divergence. Presence of wide genetic diversity, among the genotypes studied was confirmed by using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Based on the interactions genetic distances of cucumber genotypes had grouped into five separate clusters inferring that the genetic divergence between them was quite high. The germplasm were so divergent, that only six genotypes were grouped in cluster V and three genotypes in each cluster I and III. The two genotypes SKY/AC-270-613481 and JB/11-091-613462 were grouped as cluster II and the genotype Tripura local was so divergent in all the characters that they were allotted as a separate group as cluster IV. Cluster mean analysis proclaimed that, genotypes in cluster I recorded maximum value for vine length (3.36 m), number of leaves per plant (43.85), number of branches per plant (12.98), leaf area (144.71 cm2), number of female flowers per plant (20.30), fruiting period (52.20 days), fruit set (89.10 %), average fruit weight (214.72 g), number of fruits per plant (19.00), fruit yield per plant (2.50 kg), fruit yield per ha (31.23 t/ha), rind thickness (2.79 mm) and flesh thickness (3.02 cm), whereas, same cluster I recorded minimum value for traits viz., internodal length (6.55 cm), days to appearance of first male flower (30.34 days), days to appearance of first female flower (31.81 days), node number at which first female flower appeared (4.00), days to first harvest (41.22 days) and number of seeds per fruit (211.69) which are negatively desirable characters in the crop production and crop improvement programme.
Evaluation of the Anti-Candida Activities of Some Plant Extracts on Candida tropicalis and Candida Spp Isolated from Prison Inmates in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Echeta M. O. , Oyeka C. A. , Nwofor C. N. , Onyenwe N. E. , Korie M. C. , Izundu I. M. , Nzeagwu M. O.
Published: November 2021

Aim: This study aimed at determining the anti-candida activities of Alternanthera braziliana and Curcuma longa on Candida tropicalis and Candida spp isolated from prison inmates in Owerri, Southeast, Nigeria.

Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Owerri federal prison between March 2020 - June 2021.

Methodology: The anti-candida activities of methanolic extracts of Alternanthera braziliana and Curcuma longa on Candida tropicalis and Candida spp were evaluated by the disc diffusion method. The plant extracts were obtained by soxhlet extraction using methanol as solvent. The results were obtained by measuring the inhibition zone diameter in millimeters.

Results: In order to ascertain the anti-candida activities of Alternanthera braziliana  and Curcuma longa in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, the antimicrobial properties of their extracts were tested by disc diffusion. Of the two plant extracts used methanolic extracts of Curcuma longa had better anti-candida properties than Alternanthera braziliana inhibiting the growth of Candida spp at the concentrations of 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml  and 50 mg/ml with inhibition zones ranging from 11 mm, 10 mm and 9 mm respectively. Methanolic extracts of Alternanthera brasiliana exhibited no anti-candida activity at different concentrations.

Conclusion:The results show that Curcuma longa had better anti-candida activity against Candida spp. and might be promising, at least, in the treatment of Candida spp  infections.
Attenuation of Quorum Sensing Controlled Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation by Edible Fruit Extract of Coccinia indica against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Devi R. Shruthi , Ganesh P. Sankar , Girija A. S. Smiline , Priyadharshini J. Vijayashree
Published: November 2021

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen that mainly infects immunocompromised individuals and patients with urinary tract infection and chronic infections of the respiratory pathways, including cystic fibrosis. Many quorum sensing (QS) controlled components such as bio surfactants and swarming motilities play an important role in the establishment of biofilms. Targeting these factors through anti-QS strategies prevent biofilm formation and treating infections. Coccinia indica commonly called little gourd is used to treat diabetes, wound, burn infections and has antioxidant, antibacterial and antitussive properties.

Methods: The methanolic fruit extract of C. indica was prepared and screened for anti-QS and anti-biofilm formation activity. Pyocyanin inhibition, rhamnolipid, crystal violet staining assay tests was performed and the extract was observed under fluorescent microscope.

Results: The results obtained are as follows - the fruit extract inhibits the pyocyanin at 58.13% and 42.27% at 0.5 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml, biofilm at 69.86% and 49.06% at 0.5 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml, inhibits rhamnolipid assay and under fluorescent microscope it is seen scattered whereas control produce biofilm matrix like appearance.

Conclusion: Since less study has been made on the quorum sensing and biofilm activity of C.indica our study aimed to fulfil it and it was found that it exhibits good biofilm formation and thus can be used for treating infections.
A Comparative Study of Patients with Periarthritis Shoulder on Treatment with Analgesics Only and Analgesics Plus Exercises
Authors: Rajgadia Nikita , Kalanithi R. , Vasudevan Damodharan
Published: November 2021

Background: Frozen Shoulder is known to be a painful condition affecting the shoulder joint that results in significant loss of range of motion. A number of published comprehensive studies have suggested the different modalities of treatment. In this study, we focussed on the effect of exercise on enhancing the restricted motion and reducing the severity of pain.

Objective: The objective is to study the influence of exercise on range of motion and pain severity in Frozen shoulder patients.

Materials and Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with Periarthritis Shoulder were selected from orthopaedic outpatient in Saveetha Medical College, Chennai. These patients were randomly divided in two groups, receiving analgesics as well as exercises and another receiving only analgesic. They were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale for the severity of their pain and range of motion with a Goniometer and results noted.

Results: The group receiving exercise in addition to analgesics showed greater reduction in pain severity and range of motion.

Conclusion: Physical exercise of the Shoulder joint helps in restoring the mobility and relieves stiffening of the muscles and hence should be added as the mainstay of treatment with pain relief.
The Therapeutic Effect of Music on Oxidative Stress Markers and Anxiety in Hypertension
Authors: Mathew Elsa , Mukkadan J. K.
Published: November 2021

Objective : Cardiovascular disease is amenable to mortality and morbidity in India and worldwide. The asymptomatic nature of hypertension made it a silent killer. Evidence suggests the role of oxidative stress and anxiety in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Lifestyle modification can control hypertension and, thus, can prevent complications. Music therapy is a non-invasive, non-pharmacological, and economic practice used for the management of hypertension, anxiety, and oxidative stress. The present study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Raga Ananda Bhairavi on oxidative stress and anxiety in hypertensive patients.

Materials and Methods: This randomized control study comprises of a total of 120 participants of age between 30-60years. All the study participants were divided into an experimental and control group. The instrumental music of Raga Ananda Bhairavi was provided to the experimental group for three months. The anthropometric measurements, blood pressure assessment, and estimation of oxidative stress parameters were done in all subjects before and after three months of intervention.

Results: The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, anxiety levels, and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde significantly reduced after music therapy, and the superoxide dismutase level significantly improved after the intervention.

Conclusion: Music can be used as an adjunct therapy for the management of hypertension.
Assessment of Femoral Neck-shaft Angle on Plain X-rays and its Clinical Implications
Authors: Kumaran N. Adhishwar , Jagadeesh B. , Kumar Ashok , Niveditha K. P.
Published: November 2021

Background: Femoral neck-shaft angle is an important parameter for evaluating the biomechanics of the hip joint. It plays a pivotal role in surgeries for developmental dysplasia of the hip, neuromuscular disorders of the lower limb, proximal femoral fractures, Total Hip Arthroplasty, Perthes disease etc., It is also considered to hold an extensive bearing while designing orthopaedic implants.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the femoral neck-shaft angle of proximal femur on plain radiographs of our local population

Study Design: Retrospective study

Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at Saveetha medical college hospital, a tertiary care institute in Chennai. 50 pelvic X-rays of patients aged between 30 to 70 who presented to the outpatient or emergency care department were used in the study.  Using a goniometer the femoral neck shaft angle was measured in the plain X - ray.

Results: The mean age of the population in our study was 47.12. And the mean femoral neck shaft was 132.6 in males and 124.9 in females.
Analysis of Heart Diseases in Pregnancy
Authors: Ragavi Sharadha S. , Sirisha . , Parimala .
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Cardiac diseases complicate 1% of all pregnancies. It is one of the 3 major indirect causes of maternal mortality in India.

Methodology: This qualitative study was conducted at Saveetha medical college and hospital.  Out of 1320 women who delivered between June 2020 to June 2021, 15 women had heart disease and they were included in the study. All the 15 women were asymptomatic.

Results: A total of 15 pregnant women were included in the study. There were no twin pregnancies. In total, 2 women presented with congenital heart disease and 13 women with acquired heart disease. Out of the 15 women, 4 delivered vaginally and the remaining 11 had undergone LSCS.

Discussion: During pregnancy, major changes occur in the cardiovascular system to meet the increasing metabolic needs of the mother and fetus. If these changes are not met with, it can lead to maternal and fetal morbidity. Failure to make normal adjustments can worsen an existing heart condition or early manifestations of a previously unknown condition, and therefore pregnancy is a natural stress test. The changes that occur during pregnancy and the physiology of pregnancy itself will enhance some pathological processes of the heart. Understanding these changes is important, and adjustments may vary from person to person.

Conclusion: A developing cardiovascular disorder should be detected as early as possible and also it should be a priority in pregnancy monitoring, and if a disorder is identified, the cardiologist team should be involved immediately. Many groups dedicated to managing heart problems during pregnancy, is recommended as it leads to better clinical outcomes.
Evaluation of Cognitive Functions and Emotional Disturbances in Elderly Patients using Smart Phone Mobiles
Authors: Mufeetha . , Sridevi G. , Preetha S.
Published: November 2021

Background: Research shows that smartphones can lead to brain affects which slowly ability and start to store information remotely outside the brain brings mental laziness. When people are given smart- phones they reduce the memory storing. So, the present study planned to evaluate the Emotional disturbances and cognitive functions and language skills among android mobile non-users and users

Methods: A study population involved 20 adults in the age group of 50-70 years. They were divided into two groups. Group 1- Subjects who were not using any mobile phone but were using landline Group 2-Subjects on regular use of Smartphones. Battery cognitive tests were assessed using MINI mental state examination and the levels of orientation, memory, attention, language, abstraction and recall was analyzed. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using an independent sample t test. The emotional status was assessed based on a cross-sectional study using a depression questionnaire performed among 100 elderly subjects in the age group of patients from private dental colleges. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS software version 23.

Results: As the result of mobile phones as it causes diseases. Apart from cancer, mobile phones influence our brain and nervous system. They may cause decreased attention, sleep disorders, headache, shortness of temper, and depression, mostly among elders.

Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that Mobile phone usage causes more cognitive changes in middle aged and they must be educated with the harmful effects of more and frequent usage of mobile phones. And they should impact with their family and relatives
Psychological and Emotional Changes among Students Undergoing Different Teaching Strategies- A Survey
Authors: Mukka Srivaths , Sridevi G. , Preetha S.
Published: November 2021

Background: Stress is a common and serious threat that affects different populations in various age groups. Students belonging to professional courses in medical and dental colleges are subjected to higher levels of stress.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess stress associated with different teaching strategies in students of various professional colleges and its influence on academic, social and health-related factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 students of medical, dental and engineering colleges from the urban area of Chennai city using a convenience sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was used for the data collection to analyse the level, frequency, reason for stress, stress symptoms, type of education they undergo, stress relief methods followed. This questionnaire was circulated by Google forms and the responses were collected. Analysis was done using frequency analysis and chi-square test.

Results: Results revealed that the majority of participants about 57.7 % are undergoing regular education, 23% of students are undergoing express education and 18% of students are undergoing online education. About 70% of respondents stated that they feel stress. Majority of participant in the regular mode of education responded that they took antidepressant drugs (23%), music (16.5%) for the habit of fighting against stress and the association was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion: The study concluded an innovative finding that most of the students underwent regular education and were better at academic performance and stress pertaining to academics was dealt with habit of hearing music and intake of antidepressant drugs.
Sublethal exposure of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica to the goniodomin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium monilatum: Fate of toxins, histopathology, and gene expression
Authors: Gaillard Sylvain , Small Hamish J. , Carnegie Ryan B. , Harris Thomas M. , Tanniou Simon , Réveillon Damien , Hess Philipp , Reece Kimberly S.
Published: December 2024

Objective

The dinoflagellate Alexandrium monilatum forms blooms during summer in tributaries of the lower Chesapeake Bay. Questions persist about the potential for A. monilatum to negatively affect aquatic organisms. Its main toxin, goniodomin A (GDA), a polyketide macrolide, has been shown to have adverse effects on animals, for example through cytotoxicity and interaction with actin.

Methods

Eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica were exposed for 96 h to sublethal concentrations of A. monilatum (615 ± 47 cells/mL [average ± SD]; containing mainly intracellular GDA [215 ± 7.15 pg/cell] and to a lesser extent goniodomin B, goniodomin C, and GDA seco-acid as quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) or to nontoxic phytoplankton or were unexposed. They were subsequently depurated for 96 h by exposure to nontoxic phytoplankton. Clearance rates were estimated, and oysters were sampled daily and tissue (gill, digestive gland, and remaining tissues) excised for analyses by histopathology, gene expression quantified by quantitative PCR, and goniodomin quantification.

Result

A positive clearance rate, no mortality, and no tissue pathologies were observed in oysters exposed to A. monilatum. Goniodomin A was detected in gill 6 h after exposure (504 ± 329 μg/kg [average ± SE]) and to a lesser extent in the digestive gland and remaining soft tissues. In the digestive gland, a trend of transformation of GDA to GDA seco-acid was observed. The majority of toxins (≥83%) were depurated after 96 h. Expression of genes involved in oxidative response increased 14-fold after 6 h, and those involved in actin synthesis showed a 27-fold change after 24 h, while expression of apoptosis genes increased 6.9-fold after 96 h compared with the control (eastern oysters exposed to nontoxic phytoplankton).

Conclusion

Exposure experiments (nonsublethal or chronic) should be carried out to better assess the threat of this species and toxins for eastern oysters and other marine organisms.
Wide Temperature Sieving of n‐Butene and iso‐Butene by a Zinc‐Based Coordination Network with Record Separation
Authors: Li Yi‐Tao , Li Weilin , Zhang Li‐Ping , Ni Shuang , Jiang Yu , Li Xingxing , Yang Qing‐Yuan
Published: December 2024

Separating n‐butene and iso‐butene through adsorption represents a viable and energy‐efficient strategy. However, developing porous adsorbents that can effectively discern the subtle differences between these isomers remains a significant challenge. This study demonstrates that a zinc‐based coordination network (CALF‐20) exhibits a slight pore expansion with increasing temperature, creating nanochannels that preferentially adsorb n‐butene over iso‐butene. This unique temperature‐dependent dynamic behavior enables effective sieving of n‐butene from iso‐butene within the temperature range of 273 to 423 K, a phenomenon not previously observed. Notably, CALF‐20 exhibits the highest n‐butene adsorption capacity (2.62 mmol g−1) and the highest selectivity ratio (14.7) among sieving materials reported to date for n‐butene isomers. Modeling calculations show that dynamic factors play a significant role in achieving such high adsorption separation capabilities. At medium temperatures, the initial separation of n‐butene and iso‐butene is achievable, which may provide a foundation for the future design of adsorbents intended to achieve efficient separation of n‐butene/iso‐butene under comparable temperature conditions. In the future, the intricate structure dynamics and enhanced capacity for molecular recognition will offer a new pathway for developing advanced sieving materials.
Advanced Morphological Control of Polymeric Surfaces Using Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD)
Authors: Park Kwang‐Won , Gleason Karen K. , Yang Rong
Published: December 2024

Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) is a versatile and powerful technique for controlling the morphology of polymeric and hybrid thin films, with applications spanning from electronics to biomedical devices. This review highlights recent advancements in iCVD technology that enable precise morphological control from creating ultrasmooth films to self‐assembled nanostructures. Advances in reactor design now allow for in situ monitoring of key parameters, such as film thickness and surface imaging, providing real‐time insights into material morphology. Surface morphology is influenced by both the substrate and coating layer. For the former, iCVD offers significant advantages in creating defect‐free, conformal coatings over complex substrates, making it particularly well‐suited for flexible electronics, optical devices, and antifouling/antimicrobial biointerfaces. For the latter, iCVD has been leveraged for the fabrication of microstructured coatings that improve energy storage, gas sensing, and pathogen detection, superhydrophobic or anti‐icing surfaces. Its all‐dry processing and compatibility with temperature‐sensitive substrates further emphasize its potential for sustainable manufacturing. The ability to fine‐tune film chemistry and morphology, combined with the scalability, positions iCVD as a promising tool for addressing future technological challenges in advanced materials design.
Tailoring Acid‐Salt Hybrid Electrolyte Structure for Stable Proton Storage at Ultralow Temperature
Authors: Cui Zhaodi , Xu Tiezhu , Yao Tengyu , Mao Guihong , He Xiaoxi , Liu Qingsheng , Shen Laifa , Yu Yan
Published: December 2024

The critical challenges in developing ultralow‐temperature proton‐based energy storage systems are enhancing the diffusion kinetics of charge carriers and inhibiting water‐triggered interfacial side reactions between electrolytes and electrodes. Here an acid‐salt hybrid electrolyte with a stable anion−cation−H2O solvation structure that realizes unconventional proton transport at ultralow temperature is shown, which is crucial for electrodes and devices to achieve high rate‐capacity and stable interface compatibility with electrodes. Through multiscale simulations and experimental investigations in the electrolyte employing ZnCl2 introduced into 0.2 M H2SO4 solution, it is discovered that unique anion−cation−H2O solvation structure endows the electrolyte with low‐temperature‐adaptive feature and favorable water network channels for rapid proton transport. In situ XRD and multiple spectroscopic techniques further reveal that the stable 3D network structure inhibits free water‐triggered deleterious electrode structure distortion by immobilizing free water molecules to achieve outstanding cycling stability. Hence, VHCF//α‐MoO3 hybrid proton capacitors deliver an unexpected capacity of 39.8 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 1 A g−1 (−80 °C) and steady power supply under ultralow temperatures (96% capacity retention after 1500 cycles at −80 °C). The anti‐freezing hybrid electrolyte design provides an effective strategy to improve the application of energy storage devices in ultralow temperatures.
Ethylenediamine Assisted Synthesis of o‐Phenylenediamine‐Based Red Emissive Carbon Quantum Dots: A Strategy to Improve the Fluorescence Quantum Yield
Authors: Dong Xipeng , Li Wanqing , Chen Xue , Zhuo Er , Zhai Zizhuo , Qi Hongxia , Kang Yu , Zhang Pudun
Published: December 2024

O‐phenylenediamine (OPD) is commonly used as a precursor in the preparation of red emissive carbon quantum dots (R‐CQDs) due to the sp2 hybridized structure. However, the low fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of the OPD‐based R‐CQDs limits its application. Although some efforts have been made, the improvement of QY is still limited. In this paper, a strategy is proposed to improve the QY of OPD‐based R‐CQDs by introducing ethylenediamine (EDA), which plays a key role as a nitrogen (N) dopant due to its high N content. The molar ratio of OPD to EDA (MOPD/MEDA), the reaction time (t) and temperature (T), and the amount of concentrated H2SO4 (VH2SO4), are optimized. The R‐CQDs with QY as high as 32.65% and full width at half maximum (FWHM) emission as narrow as 25 nm are obtained via a hydrothermal procedure under the optimal experimental conditions (i.e., MOPD/MEDA = 1/3, t = 6 h, T = 180 °C and VH2SO4 = 4 mL). Such a QY is higher than most of the reported OPD‐based R‐CQDs. Besides, it is found that concentrated H2SO4 acts as the catalyst in addition to protonation. The enhancement of QY is attributed to the increase of the aromatic N‐containing heterocyclic structures (C═N) after the introduction of EDA and catalysis by H2SO4.
Strategic Design of A1–π–A2‐Type Polymer Acceptors for Highly Sensitive Near‐Infrared All‐Polymer Photodetectors
Authors: Lee Seok Woo , Seo Gyeong Uk , Son Ji Yeon , Prayogo Juan Anthony , Whang Dong Ryeol , Lee Ah Young , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Seo Mingi , Lee Dong Hyun , Heo Junseok , Park Sungjun , Kim Jong H. , Chang Dong Wook
Published: December 2024

Near infrared (NIR) photodetectors (PDs) attain a great attention for their advanced optoelectornic applications such as high‐resolusion biomedical sensors. In particular, all‐polymer PDs composed of electron‐donating and electron‐accepting polymers in their active layer offer the advantage of various donor and acceptor combinations for easily tunable absorption spectra and electronic properties, along with superior mechanical durability and stability. In this study, two A1–π–A2‐type polymer acceptors are developed for efficient NIR light detection at 860 nm. The electron‐accepting diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and dicyano‐substituted quinoxaline (Qx) units are linked through a dithiophene π‐bridge to generate the first polymer acceptor PD‐T‐Qx2CN. Subsequently, fluorine atoms are introduced at the para‐positions of the benzene rings at the 2,3‐positions of the Qx moiety, yielding the second acceptor, PD‐T‐FQx2CN. Notably, both polymer acceptors formed efficient bulk heterojunction networks with poly‐ polymer donor (3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT)). The P3HT:PD‐T‐FQx2CN‐based NIR PDs, owing to the affirmative contributions of the F substituent along the backbone, exhibited superior specific detectivities compared to the P3HT:PD‐T‐Qx2CN‐based PDs. The P3HT:PD‐T‐FQx2CN‐based NIR PDs exhibited excellent photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor properties. This research provides valuable insights into the structural‐property relationships of A1–π–A2‐type polymeric acceptors, aiding in the development of high‐performance all‐polymer NIR PDs.
Recent Advances in Solar‐Driven Photothermal Conversion Hydrogels: A Review
Authors: Yang Juhui , Lv Shenghua , Zuo Jingjing , Wang Jialin , Wei Dequan
Published: December 2024

Solar energy is an inexhaustible clean energy. Owing to the shortage of fossil fuels and the development of science and technology, increasing attention is being paid to the use of solar energy. Photothermal conversion (PC) materials are crucial for effectively acquiring and converting solar energy. At present, various PC materials have shown considerable potential, particularly PC hydrogels, a new type of PC material that has been increasingly studied by researchers in recent years. In this study, the characteristics, preparation methods, and PC efficiencies and mechanisms of PC hydrogel materials are reviewed. The main features of photothermal materials such as precious metals, semiconductors, carbon‐based materials, and polymer materials are also comprehensively analyzed. In addition, the applications and research progress of PC hydrogels in the fields of seawater evaporation, wastewater purification, organic compound degradation, photocatalytic hydrogen production, and carbon dioxide conversion are examined. Finally, the development prospects and challenges associated with PC hydrogels are evaluated. This study is expected to have a positive significance for the development of new PC hydrogels for the efficient utilization of solar energy.
Non‐Invasive Diagnosis of Moyamoya Disease Using Serum Metabolic Fingerprints and Machine Learning
Authors: Weng Ruiyuan , Xu Yudian , Gao Xinjie , Cao Linlin , Su Jiabin , Yang Heng , Li He , Ding Chenhuan , Pu Jun , Zhang Meng , Hao Jiheng , Xu Wei , Ni Wei , Qian Kun , Gu Yuxiang
Published: December 2024

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder that increases the risk of intracranial ischemia and hemorrhage. Timely diagnosis and intervention can significantly reduce the risk of new‐onset stroke in patients with MMD. However, the current diagnostic methods are invasive and expensive, and non‐invasive diagnosis using biomarkers of MMD is rarely reported. To address this issue, nanoparticle‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) was employed to record serum metabolic fingerprints (SMFs) with the aim of establishing a non‐invasive diagnosis method for MMD. Subsequently, a diagnostic model was developed based on deep learning algorithms, which exhibited high accuracy in differentiating the MMD group from the HC group (AUC = 0.958, 95% CI of 0.911 to 1.000). Additionally, hierarchical clustering analysis revealed a significant association between SMFs across different groups and vascular cognitive impairment in MMD. This approach holds promise as a novel and intuitive diagnostic method for MMD. Furthermore, the study may have broader implications for the diagnosis of other neurological disorders.