bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Periodontal Status of Chronic Renal Failure Patients and Systemically Healthy Individuals
Authors: Gupta Radhika , Kumar Uttam , Mallapragada Siddharth , Agarwal Pallavi
Published: March 2018

Aim

Periodontitis, a chronic infectious disease, affects most of the population at one time or the other and its expression is a combination of hosts, microbial agents, and environmental factors. Extensive literature exists for the relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Only a few studies performed in a limited number of patients have reported periodontal health status in chronic renal failure patients. Hence, the aim of the present study is to assess and compare the periodontal status of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis, predialysis with systemically healthy individuals.

Materials and methods

A total of 90 patients were divided into three groups. Group I: 30 renal dialysis patients. Group II: 30 predialysis patients. Control group comprised 30 systemically healthy patients who formed group III. Periodontal examination was carried out using oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth, and clinical attachment loss.

Results

The results of the study showed that the periodontal status of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis (dialysis group) and patients with chronic renal failure not undergoing renal dialysis (predialysis) when compared with systemically healthy subjects showed significantly higher mean scores of OHI-S, PI, and clinical attachment loss.

Conclusion

Thus, patients with chronic renal failure showed poor oral hygiene and higher prevalence of periodontal disease.

Clinical significance

The dental community’s awareness of implications of poor health within chronic renal failure patients should be elevated.

How to cite this article

Gupta R, Kumar U, Mallapragada S, Agarwal P. Comparative Evaluation of Periodontal Status of Chronic Renal Failure Patients and Systemically Healthy Individuals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):324-330.
Gender Differences in Psychosocial and Physical Outcomes in Haitian Amputees
Authors: Wen Pey-Shan , Randolph Marilys G. , Elbaum Leonard , De la Rosa Mario
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender differences in psychosocial and physical outcomes in users of lower-extremity prostheses who became amputees after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti.

METHOD. We enrolled 140 unilateral amputees in this cross-sectional study in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Trained staff administered the assessments by reading the questions aloud to participants. Participants completed the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales and Locomotor Capabilities Index about 2 yr after the earthquake.

RESULTS. We found no gender differences in psychosocial adjustment and physical outcomes, except for strenuous physical activities and phantom pain, and both genders reported difficulty in social adjustment. After controlling for strenuous physical activities and phantom pain, we found that men showed worse psychosocial adjustment than women.

CONCLUSION. Services for psychosocial adjustment are critical for traumatic amputees and should be incorporated into rehabilitation programs after a disaster. Interventions should consider gender roles in the indigenous culture.
Il ruolo della vittima davanti alla Corte penale internazionale: dal diritto al processo al diritto nel processo e al di là del processo
Authors: Latino Agostina
Published: March 2018

Il 17 luglio 1998, durante i negoziati a Roma, 120 Stati hanno deciso di istituire una Corte Penale Internazionale permanente. Per la prima volta nella storia della giustizia penale internazionale, i negoziatori dello Statuto di Roma hanno posto le vittime al centro del processo, riconoscendo fin dal secondo paragrafo del preambolo che gli Stati parti erano “consapevoli che durante [l’ultimo] secolo milioni di bambini, donne e uomini sono stati vittime di atrocità inimmaginabili che hanno profondamente scosso la coscienza dell’umanità”. Lo Statuto di Roma consente alle vittime di crimini che rientrano nella competenza ratione materiae della Corte di essere rappresentate, di presentare osservazioni e che le loro opinioni e istanze siano tenute in considerazione, quando i loro interessi personali siano coinvolti, in tutte le fasi del procedimento, oltre a poter chiedere riparazioni per il danno subìto. Di tal guisa, secondo lo Statuto di Roma, le vittime sono attori della giustizia internazionale piuttosto che meri soggetti passivi. In questo articolo, si esaminerà il ruolo delle vittime nel sistema della Corte penale internazionale, i diritti contemplati nello Statuto e negli altri regolamenti che disciplinano i procedimenti della Corte, nonché le interpretazioni che ne ha dato la Corte nelle sue prime pronunce.
Impact of physical parameterizations and initial conditions on
simulated atmospheric transport and CO2 mole fractions in the US
Midwest
Authors: Díaz-Isaac Liza I. , Lauvaux Thomas , Davis Kenneth J.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric transport model errors are one of the main contributors to the uncertainty affecting CO2 inverse flux estimates. In this study, we determine the leading causes of transport errors over the US Upper Midwest with a large set of simulations generated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model. The various WRF simulations are performed using different meteorological driver datasets and physical parameterizations including planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes, land surface models (LSMs), cumulus parameterizations and microphysics parameterizations. All the different model configurations were coupled to CO2 fluxes and lateral boundary conditions from the CarbonTracker inversion system to simulate atmospheric CO2 mole fractions. PBL height, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric CO2 mole fractions are compared to observations during a month of the summer of 2008, and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of both physics parameterizations and meteorological datasets on these variables. All of the physical parameterizations and the meteorological initial and boundary conditions contribute 3 to 4 ppm to the model-to-model variability in daytime PBL CO2 except for the microphysics parameterization which has a smaller contribution. PBL height varies across ensemble members by 300 to 400 m, and is this variability is controlled by the same physics parameterizations. Daily PBL CO2 mole fraction errors are correlated with errors in the PBL height. We show that specific model configurations systematically overestimate or underestimate the PBL height averaged across the region with biases closely correlated with the choice of LSM, PBL scheme, and CP. Domain average PBL wind speed is overestimated in nearly every model configuration. Both PBLH and PBL wind speed biases show coherent spatial variations across the Midwest, with PBLH overestimated averaged across configurations by 300–400 m in the west, and PBL winds overestimated by about 1 m/s on average in the east. We find model configurations with lower biases averaged across the domain, but no single configuration is optimal across the entire region and for all meteorological variables. We conclude that model ensembles that include multiple physics parameterizations and meteorological initial conditions are likely to be necessary to encompass the atmospheric conditions most important to the transport of CO2 in the PBL, but that construction of such an ensemble will be challenging due to ensemble biases that vary across the region.
A major event of Antarctic ozone hole influence in southern Brazil in October 2016: an analysis of tropospheric and stratospheric dynamics
Authors: Bittencourt Gabriela Dornelles , Bresciani Caroline , Kirsch Pinheiro Damaris , Bageston José Valentin , Schuch Nelson Jorge , Bencherif Hassan , Leme Neusa Paes , Vaz Peres Lucas
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The Antarctic ozone hole is a cyclical phenomenon that occurs
during the austral spring where there is a large decrease in ozone content in
the Antarctic region. Ozone-poor air mass can be released and leave through
the Antarctic ozone hole, thus reaching midlatitude regions. This phenomenon
is known as the secondary effect of the Antarctic ozone hole. The objective
of this study is to show how tropospheric and stratospheric dynamics behaved
during the occurrence of this event. The ozone-poor air mass began to operate
in the region on 20 October 2016. A reduction of ozone content of
approximately 23 % was observed in relation to the climatology average
recorded between 1992 and 2016. The same air mass persisted over the region
and a drop of 19.8 % ozone content was observed on 21 October. Evidence
of the 2016 event occurred through daily mean measurements of the total ozone
column made with a surface instrument (Brewer MkIII no. 167
Spectrophotometer) located at the Southern Space Observatory
(29.42∘ S, 53.87∘ W) in São Martinho da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul.
Tropospheric dynamic analysis showed a post-frontal high pressure system on
20 and 21 October 2016, with pressure levels at sea level and thickness between 1000
and 500 hPa. Horizontal wind cuts at 250 hPa and omega values at 500 hPa revealed
the presence of subtropical jet streams. When these streams were allied with
positive omega values at 500 hPa and a high pressure system in southern Brazil and Uruguay, the advance of the ozone-poor air mass that caused
intense reductions in total ozone content could be explained. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere – composition and chemistry)
HANZE: a pan-European database of exposure to natural hazards and damaging historical floods since 1870
Authors: Paprotny Dominik , Morales-Nápoles Oswaldo , Jonkman Sebastiaan N.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The influence of social and economic change on the consequences of natural hazards has been a matter of much interest recently. However, there is a lack of comprehensive, high-resolution data on historical changes in land use, population, or assets available to study this topic. Here, we present the Historical Analysis of Natural Hazards in Europe (HANZE) database, which contains two parts: (1) HANZE-Exposure with maps for 37 countries and territories from 1870 to 2020 in 100 m resolution and (2) HANZE-Events, a compilation of past disasters with information on dates, locations, and losses, currently limited to floods only. The database was constructed using high-resolution maps of present land use and population, a large compilation of historical statistics, and relatively simple disaggregation techniques and rule-based land use reallocation schemes. Data encompassed in HANZE allow one to "normalize" information on losses due to natural hazards by taking into account inflation as well as changes in population, production, and wealth. This database of past events currently contains 1564 records (1870–2016) of flash, river, coastal, and compound floods. The HANZE database is freely available at https://data.4tu.nl/repository/collection:HANZE.
The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project H-Series climate data record product
Authors: Young Alisa H. , Knapp Kenneth R. , Inamdar Anand , Hankins William , Rossow William B.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. This paper describes the new global long-term International Satellite Cloud
Climatology Project (ISCCP) H-series climate data record (CDR). The H-series
data contain a suite of level 2 and 3 products for monitoring the
distribution and variation of cloud and surface properties to better
understand the effects of clouds on climate, the radiation budget, and the
global hydrologic cycle. This product is currently available for public use
and is derived from both geostationary and polar-orbiting satellite imaging
radiometers with common visible and infrared (IR) channels. The H-series data
currently span July 1983 to December 2009 with plans for continued
production to extend the record to the present with regular updates. The
H-series data are the longest combined geostationary and polar orbiter
satellite-based CDR of cloud properties. Access to the data is provided in
network common data form (netCDF) and archived by NOAA's National Centers for
Environmental Information (NCEI) under the satellite Climate Data Record
Program (https://doi.org/10.7289/V5QZ281S). The basic
characteristics, history, and evolution of the dataset are presented herein
with particular emphasis on and discussion of product changes between the
H-series and the widely used predecessor D-series product which also spans
from July 1983 through December 2009. Key refinements included in the ISCCP
H-series CDR are based on improved quality control measures, modified
ancillary inputs, higher spatial resolution input and output products,
calibration refinements, and updated documentation and metadata to bring the
H-series product into compliance with existing standards for climate data
records.
A low-cost technique to measure bank erosion proces
ses along middle-size river reaches
Authors: Duró Gonzalo , Crosato Alessandra , Kleinhans Maarten G. , Uijttewaal Wim S. J.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Diverse methods are currently available to measure river bank erosion at broad-ranging temporal and spatial scales. Yet, no technique provides low-cost and high-resolution to survey small-scale bank processes along a river reach. We investigate the capabilities of Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry applied with imagery from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to describe the evolution of riverbank profiles in middle-size rivers. The bank erosion cycle is used as a reference to assess the applicability of different techniques. We surveyed 1.2 km of a restored bank of the Meuse River eight times within a year, combining different photograph perspectives and overlaps to identify an efficient UAV flight to monitor banks. The accuracy of the Digital Surface Models (DSMs) was evaluated compared with RTK GPS points and an Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) of the whole reach. An oblique perspective with eight photo overlaps was sufficient to achieve the highest relative precision to observation distance of ~1:1400, with 10 cm error range. A complementary nadiral view increased coverage behind bank toe vegetation. The DSM and ALS had comparable accuracies except on banks, where the latter overestimates elevations. Sequential DSMs captured signatures of the erosion cycle such as mass failures, slump-block deposition, and bank undermining. Although this technique requires low water levels and banks without dense vegetation, it is a low-cost method to survey reach-scale riverbanks in sufficient resolution to quantify bank retreat and identify morphological features of the bank failure and erosion processes.
Pendeln zwischen zwei Oberzentren – von verlorener bis geschenkter Zeit
Authors: Roggendorf Martina , Wiegandt Claus-C.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The importance of commuting especially between large urban centers has become a major topic as a growing number of people cover increasing distances to reach their workplaces. Based on this approach, the article looks into commuting between the cities of Cologne and Bonn. Social ties to these centers were identified as a main cause for commuting. 20 interviews were analyzed to set up five social types of commuters who have very different perceptions of their daily commute: For the “stressed out” commuting means psychological distress, for the “unsatisfied” it is a disruptive factor while the “pragmatics” accept it as means to an end. The “opportunists” try to use the time of commuting in the most efficient way and for the “profiteers” it's even a valuable time-out in their daily routine. Besides aspects as duration and transportation mode, especially personal attitudes and qualities proved to be important.
The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 1: Overview and over-arching analysis plan
Authors: Kageyama Masa , Braconnot Pascale , Harrison Sandy P. , Haywood Alan M. , Jungclaus Johann H. , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Peterschmitt Jean-Yves , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Albani Samuel , Bartlein Patrick J. , Brierley Chris , Crucifix Michel , Dolan Aisling , Fernandez-Donado Laura , Fischer Hubertus , Hopcroft Peter O. , Ivanovic Ruza F. , Lambert Fabrice , Lunt Daniel J. , Mahowald Natalie M. , Peltier W. Richard , Phipps Steven J. , Roche Didier M. , Schmidt Gavin A. , Tarasov Lev , Valdes Paul J. , Zhang Qiong , Zhou Tianjun
Published: March 2018

Abstract. This paper is the first of a series of four GMD papers on the PMIP4-CMIP6 experiments. Part 2 (Otto-Bliesner et al., 2017) gives details about the two PMIP4-CMIP6 interglacial experiments, Part 3 (Jungclaus et al., 2017) about the last millennium experiment, and Part 4 (Kageyama et al., 2017) about the Last Glacial Maximum experiment. The mid-Pliocene Warm Period experiment is part of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) – Phase 2, detailed in Haywood et al. (2016).The goal of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) is to understand the response of the climate system to different climate forcings for documented climatic states very different from the present and historical climates. Through comparison with observations of the environmental impact of these climate changes, or with climate reconstructions based on physical, chemical, or biological records, PMIP also addresses the issue of how well state-of-the-art numerical models simulate climate change. Climate models are usually developed using the present and historical climates as references, but climate projections show that future climates will lie well outside these conditions. Palaeoclimates very different from these reference states therefore provide stringent tests for state-of-the-art models and a way to assess whether their sensitivity to forcings is compatible with palaeoclimatic evidence. Simulations of five different periods have been designed to address the objectives of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6): the millennium prior to the industrial epoch (CMIP6 name: past1000); the mid-Holocene, 6000 years ago (midHolocene); the Last Glacial Maximum, 21 000 years ago (lgm); the Last Interglacial, 127 000 years ago (lig127k); and the mid-Pliocene Warm Period, 3.2 million years ago (midPliocene-eoi400). These climatic periods are well documented by palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental records, with climate and environmental changes relevant for the study and projection of future climate changes. This paper describes the motivation for the choice of these periods and the design of the numerical experiments and database requests, with a focus on their novel features compared to the experiments performed in previous phases of PMIP and CMIP. It also outlines the analysis plan that takes advantage of the comparisons of the results across periods and across CMIP6 in collaboration with other MIPs.
The on-line coupled atmospheric chemistry model system MECO(n) – Part 5: Expanding the Multi-Model-Driver (MMD v2.0) for 2-way data exchange including data interpolation via GRID (v1.0)
Authors: Kerkweg Astrid , Hofmann Christiane , Jöckel Patrick , Mertens Mariano , Pante Gregor
Published: March 2018

Abstract. As part of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy), the Multi-Model-Driver (MMD v1.0) was developed to couple online the regional Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) model into a driving model, which can be either the regional COSMO model or the global European Centre Hamburg general circulation model (ECHAM) (see Part 2 of the model documentation). The coupled system is called MECO(n), i.e., MESSy-fied ECHAM and COSMO models nested n times. In this article, which is part of the model documentation of the MECO(n) system, the second generation of MMD is introduced. MMD comprises the message-passing infrastructure required for the parallel execution (multiple programme multiple data, MPMD) of different models and the communication of the individual model instances, i.e. between the driving and the driven models. Initially, the MMD library was developed for a one-way coupling between the global chemistry–climate ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric chemistry (EMAC) model and an arbitrary number of (optionally cascaded) instances of the regional chemistry–climate model COSMO/MESSy. Thus, MMD (v1.0) provided only functions for unidirectional data transfer, i.e. from the larger-scale to the smaller-scale models.Soon, extended applications requiring data transfer from the small-scale model back to the larger-scale model became of interest. For instance, the original fields of the larger-scale model can directly be compared to the upscaled small-scale fields to analyse the improvements gained through the small-scale calculations, after the results are upscaled. Moreover, the fields originating from the two different models might be fed into the same diagnostic tool, e.g. the online calculation of the radiative forcing calculated consistently with the same radiation scheme. Last but not least, enabling the two-way data transfer between two models is the first important step on the way to a fully dynamical and chemical two-way coupling of the various model instances.In MMD (v1.0), interpolation between the base model grids is performed via the COSMO preprocessing tool INT2LM, which was implemented into the MMD submodel for online interpolation, specifically for mapping onto the rotated COSMO grid. A more flexible algorithm is required for the backward mapping. Thus, MMD (v2.0) uses the new MESSy submodel GRID for the generalised definition of arbitrary grids and for the transformation of data between them.In this article, we explain the basics of the MMD expansion and the newly developed generic MESSy submodel GRID (v1.0) and show some examples of the abovementioned applications.
Global high-resolution simulations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide using CHASER V4.0
Authors: Sekiya Takashi , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Ogochi Koji , Sudo Kengo , Takigawa Masayuki
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We evaluate global tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) simulations
using the CHASER V4.0 global chemical transport model (CTM) at horizontal
resolutions of 0.56, 1.1, and 2.8∘. Model evaluation was conducted
using satellite tropospheric NO2 retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring
Instrument (OMI) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) and
aircraft observations from the 2014 Front Range Air Pollution and
Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPÉ). Agreement against satellite retrievals
improved greatly at 1.1 and 0.56∘ resolutions (compared to
2.8∘ resolution) over polluted and biomass burning regions. The
1.1∘ simulation generally captured the regional distribution of the
tropospheric NO2 column well, whereas 0.56∘ resolution was
necessary to improve the model performance over areas with strong local
sources, with mean bias reductions of 67 % over Beijing and 73 % over
San Francisco in summer. Validation using aircraft observations indicated
that high-resolution simulations reduced negative NO2 biases below
700 hPa over the Denver metropolitan area. These improvements in
high-resolution simulations were attributable to (1) closer spatial
representativeness between simulations and observations and (2) better
representation of large-scale concentration fields (i.e., at 2.8∘)
through the consideration of small-scale processes. Model evaluations
conducted at 0.5 and 2.8∘ bin grids indicated that the contributions
of both these processes were comparable over most polluted regions, whereas
the latter effect (2) made a larger contribution over eastern China and
biomass burning areas. The evaluations presented in this paper demonstrate
the potential of using a high-resolution global CTM for studying
megacity-scale air pollutants across the entire globe, potentially also
contributing to global satellite retrievals and chemical data assimilation.
Assessing impacts of dike construction on the flood dynamics of the Mekong Delta
Authors: Duc Tran Dung , van Halsema Gerardo , Hellegers Petra J. G. J. , Phi Hoang Long , Quang Tran Tho , Kummu Matti , Ludwig Fulco
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Recent flood dynamics of the Mekong Delta have raised concerns about an
increased flood risk downstream in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Accelerated
high dike building on the floodplains of the upper delta to allow triple
cropping of rice has been linked to higher river water levels in the
downstream city of Can Tho. This paper assesses the hydraulic impacts of
upstream dike construction on the flood hazard downstream in the Vietnamese
Mekong Delta. We combined the existing one-dimensional (1-D) Mekong Delta
hydrodynamic model with a quasi-two-dimensional (2-D) approach. First we
calibrated and validated the model using flood data from 2011 and 2013. We
then applied the model to explore the downstream water dynamics under various
scenarios of high dike construction in An Giang Province and the Long Xuyen
Quadrangle. Calculations of water balances allowed us to trace the
propagation and distribution of flood volumes over the delta under the
different scenarios. Model results indicate that extensive construction of
high dikes on the upstream floodplains has had limited effect on peak river
water levels downstream in Can Tho. Instead, the model shows that the impacts
of dike construction, in terms of peak river water levels, are concentrated
and amplified in the upstream reaches of the delta. According to our water
balance analysis, river water levels in Can Tho have remained relatively
stable, as greater volumes of floodwater have been diverted away from the
Long Xuyen Quadrangle than the retention volume lost due to dike
construction. Our findings expand on previous work on the impacts of water
control infrastructure on flood risk and floodwater regimes across the delta.
The relationship between precipitation and insurance data for floods in a Mediterranean region (northeast Spain)
Authors: Cortès Maria , Turco Marco , Llasat-Botija Montserrat , Llasat Maria Carmen
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Floods in the Mediterranean region are often surface
water floods, in which intense precipitation is usually the main driver. Determining the link between the causes and impacts of
floods can make it easier to calculate the level of flood risk. However, up
until now, the limitations in quantitative observations for flood-related
damages have been a major obstacle when attempting to analyse flood risk in
the Mediterranean. Flood-related insurance damage claims for the last 20 years
could provide a proxy for flood impact, and this information is now
available in the Mediterranean region of Catalonia, in northeast Spain. This
means a comprehensive analysis of the links between flood drivers and
impacts is now possible. The objective of this paper is to develop and
evaluate a methodology to estimate flood damages from heavy precipitation in
a Mediterranean region. Results show that our model is able to simulate the
probability of a damaging event as a function of precipitation. The
relationship between precipitation and damage provides insights into flood
risk in the Mediterranean and is also promising for supporting flood
management strategies.
Structure and dynamics of mesoscale eddies over the Laptev Sea
continental slope in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Pnyushkov Andrey , Polyakov Igor V. , Padman Laurie , Nguyen An T.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Heat fluxes steered by mesoscale eddies may be a significant (but still not quantified) source of heat to the surface mixed layer and sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean, as well as a source of nutrients for enhancing seasonal productivity in the near-surface layers. Here we use four years (2007–2011) of velocity and hydrography records from a moored profiler over the Laptev Sea slope, and 15 months (2008–2009) of acoustic Doppler current profiler data from a nearby mooring, to investigate the structure and dynamics of eddies at the continental margin of the eastern Eurasian Basin. Typical eddy scales are radii of order of 10 km, heights of six hundred meters, and maximum velocities of ~ 0.1 m s −1. Eddies are approximately equally divided between cyclonic and anticyclonic polarizations, contrary to prior observations from the deep basins and along the Lomonosov Ridge. Eddies are present in the mooring records about 20–25 % of the time, taking about one week to pass through the mooring at an average frequency of about one eddy per month. We found the eddies observed are formed in two distinct regions–near Fram Strait, where the western branch of Atlantic Water (AW) enters the Arctic Ocean, and near Severnaya Zemlya, where the Fram Strait and Barents Sea branches of the AW inflow merge. These eddies, embedded in the Arctic Circumpolar Boundary Current, carry anomalous water properties along the eastern Arctic continental slope. The enhanced diapycnal mixing that we found within EB eddies suggests a potentially important role for eddies in the vertical redistribution of heat in the Arctic Ocean interior.
Neoproterozoic and post-Caledonian exhumation and shallow faulting in NW Finnmark from K/Ar dating and p/T analysis of fault-rocks
Authors: Koehl Jean-Baptiste P. , Bergh Steffen G. , Wemmer Klaus
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Well-preserved fault gouge along brittle faults in Paleoproterozoic, volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Raipas Group exposed in the Alta-Kvænangen tectonic window in northern Norway yielded latest Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1050 ± 15 Ma) to mid Neoproterozoic (ca. 825–810 ± 18 Ma) K/Ar ages. Pressure-temperature estimates from microtextural and mineralogy analyses of fault-rocks indicate that brittle faulting may have initiated at depth of 5–10 km during the opening of the Asgard Sea in the latest Mesoproterozoic-early Neoproterozoic (ca. 1050–945 Ma), and continued with a phase of shallow faulting during to the opening of the Iapetus Ocean-Ægir Sea and the initial breakup of Rodinia in the mid Neoproterozoic (ca. 825–810 Ma). The predominance and preservation of synkinematic smectite and subsidiary illite in cohesive and non-cohesive fault-rocks indicate that Paleoproterozoic basement rocks of the Alta-Kvænangen tectonic window remained at shallow crustal levels (
Impact of rheology on probabilistic forecasts of sea ice trajectories: application for search and rescue operations in the Arctic
Authors: Rabatel Matthias , Rampal Pierre , Carrassi Alberto , Bertino Laurent , Jones Christopher K. R. T.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We present a sensitivity analysis and discuss the probabilistic forecast capabilities of the novel sea ice model neXtSIM used in hindcast mode. The study pertains to the response of the model to the uncertainty on winds using probabilistic forecasts of ice trajectories. neXtSIM is a continuous Lagrangian numerical model that uses an elasto-brittle rheology to simulate the ice response to external forces. The sensitivity analysis is based on a Monte Carlo sampling of 12 members. The response of the model to the uncertainties is evaluated in terms of simulated ice drift distances from their initial positions, and from the mean position of the ensemble, over the mid-term forecast horizon of 10 days. The simulated ice drift is decomposed into advective and diffusive parts that are characterised separately both spatially and temporally and compared to what is obtained with a free-drift model, that is, when the ice rheology does not play any role in the modelled physics of the ice. The seasonal variability of the model sensitivity is presented and shows the role of the ice compactness and rheology in the ice drift response at both local and regional scales in the Arctic. Indeed, the ice drift simulated by neXtSIM in summer is close to the one obtained with the free-drift model, while the more compact and solid ice pack shows a significantly different mechanical and drift behaviour in winter. For the winter period analysed in this study, we also show that, in contrast to the free-drift model, neXtSIM reproduces the sea ice Lagrangian diffusion regimes as found from observed trajectories. The forecast capability of neXtSIM is also evaluated using a large set of real buoy's trajectories and compared to the capability of the free-drift model. We found that neXtSIM performs significantly better in simulating sea ice drift, both in terms of forecast error and as a tool to assist search and rescue operations, although the sources of uncertainties assumed for the present experiment are not sufficient for complete coverage of the observed IABP positions.
Woods with Quercus petraea in Tuscany (Italy): a vegetation classification approach
Authors: Viciani Daniele , Gabellini Antonio , Gennai Matilde , Foggi Bruno , Lastrucci Lorenzo
Published: March 2018

In Tuscany (Italy), oak mixed woods with high cover values of Quercus petraea are rather infrequent but well documented within local and national phytosociological studies, even if, in the literature, not always analyzed and well characterized from the syntaxonomic view point. We gathered 71 published and unpublished Tuscan phytosociological relevés where Q. petraea was dominant or with relevant cover values, that were investigated by means of multivariate analysis. The ecological requirements of the resulting groups were indirectly calculated by means of Ellenberg Indicator Values (EIV), and the fidelity coefficient (PHI) for the diagnostic species of each group was calculated. According to our analysis, five different types of Q. petraea woods were found to be present in Tuscany. Each group was characterized floristically and ecologically, allowing to investigate their syntaxonomic aspects. Thus we have attributed the Tuscan Q. petraea communities to five different associations, two of which already existing and three are here described as new associations. In the end, some conservation aspects of these woods regarding Natura 2000 habitats are discussed.
The case of the Itata estuary (Bio-Bio Region-Chile) plant formations: anthropogenic interference or natural disturbance-induced diversity enrichment?
Authors: Ramírez Carlos , Fariña José Miguel , Camaño Andrés , San Martín Cristina , Pérez Yéssica , Solís José Luis , Valdivia Oliver
Published: March 2018

The current study examined the relationship between native and introduced plant species, as indicators of the state of anthropogenic influence on plant formations in the area of the Itata estuary (Bío-Bío Region, Chile). A total of 186 vegetation samples were collected in different plant communities in the wetlands and adjacent areas of the Itata River during 2011 and 2012. The communities of four terrestrial plant formations were sampled within dunes, prairies, shrub lands and food crops, and within two aquatic habitats (freshwater and salt marsh). The total flora comprised of 222 species, these were dominated by introduced taxa with thirty-three species considered invasive for Chile. The high percentage contribution of these alien weeds to the total community could be interpreted as signs of a strong degree of anthropogenic interference in the natural plant formations. However, some habitats such as salt marshes are subjected to periodic natural disturbances (e.g. tsunamis), lacking human interference. Consequently, in some habitats, alien species, which are more resilient, represent the primary plant formations.
Are You Smarter Than a CFA'er? Manager Qualifications and Portfolio Performance
Authors: Gregory-Allen Russell B. , Shawky Hany A.
Published: March 2018

Several studies have examined whether a portfolio manager having an MBA degree or being a CFA charter holder leads to superior portfolio performance, with generally mixed results. Possible reasons for the mixed findings are that most studies have considered the impact of a manager having either an MBA or a CFA separately, have not controlled for managers’ style targets, and have used different performance metrics. We examine separately and jointly the impact of portfolio managers having an MBA, a CFA and investment experience on portfolio performance, while controlling for market conditions and style targets, using five different portfolio performance measurements, and two different risk measurements. For individual models or methods, we find various weak evidence consistent with most previous literature. Once we take all the models and methods jointly into consideration, we find no significant difference in returns attributable to MBA, CFA or Experience, but more significantly, we find that on average, CFAs reduce and MBAs increase portfolio risk.
Human Niche Construction and Population Growth in Pre-Columbian Amazonia
Authors: Arroyo-Kalin Manuel
Published: March 2018

The use of Niche Construction Theory in archaeological research demands that we establish empirically how human-constructed niches acted as legacies that shaped the selection pressures affecting past human populations. One potential approach is to examine whether human demography changed as a result of the continued use of landscapes enduringly transformed by past societies. This paper presents proxies for Amazonian population growth during the late Holocene and discusses their significance within the broader context of landscape legacies resulting from cumulative anthropic environmental alteration during pre-Columbian times.
Civilisation and Human Niche Construction
Authors: Arroyo-Kalin Manuel , Wengrow David , Fuller Dorian Q. , Stevens Chris J. , Wollstonecroft Michèle
Published: March 2018

This short paper introduces the special section of three articles under the general heading of ‘Civilisation and the Construction of the Human Niche’, organised by the ‘Domestication, Niche Construction and the Anthropocene’ research network at the UCL Institute of Archaeology.
Quantifying sentence acceptability measures: Reliability, bias, and variability
Authors: Langsford Steven , Perfors Amy , Hendrickson Andrew T. , Kennedy Lauren A. , Navarro Danielle J.
Published: March 2018

Understanding and measuring sentence acceptability is of fundamental importance for linguists, but although many measures for doing so have been developed, relatively little is known about some of their psychometric properties. In this paper we evaluate within- and between-participant test-retest reliability on a wide range of measures of sentence acceptability. Doing so allows us to estimate how much of the variability within each measure is due to factors including participant-level individual differences, sample size, response styles, and item effects. The measures examined include Likert scales, two versions of forced-choice judgments, magnitude estimation, and a novel measure based on Thurstonian approaches in psychophysics. We reproduce previous findings of high between-participant reliability within and across measures, and extend these results to a generally high reliability within individual items and individual people. Our results indicate that Likert scales and the Thurstonian approach produce the most stable and reliable acceptability measures and do so with smaller sample sizes than the other measures. Moreover, their agreement with each other suggests that the limitation of a discrete Likert scale does not impose a significant degree of structure on the resulting acceptability judgments.
Una historia de diseño del cartel en Portugal del siglo XVII al XIX
Authors: Barbosa María Helena Ferreira Braga
Published: March 2018

Contar una historia del diseño del cartel durante tres siglos en

Portugal permite entender cómo ha cambiado este artefacto durante el tiempo. Generalmente, el resultado no configura los motivos que lo originaran, ya que no siempre son visibles y por lo tanto no ilustran la realidad en la que fueron diseñados.

Este artículo revela una serie de factores asociados no solo con los acontecimientos históricos, así como las limitaciones asociadas a la realización de un cartel. Para explicar esta narrativa la metodología adoptada referirá la tecnología (papel, producción y selección, técnicas de impresión, el uso de diferentes materiales), programa (categorías de cartel –políticos, culturales y comerciales– en paralelo con los acontecimientos históricos) y autoría (carteles anónimos e identificados, estilos y referencias). El artículo se divide en tres secciones, dedicadas a cada siglo tratado. El conjunto de ejemplos recogidos contribuye al conocimiento de la historia del diseño del cartel en Portugal.
El cartel político soviético, una especificidad
Authors: Le Bourgeois Jaques , Valderrama Sandra
Published: March 2018

El autor del artículo, (extracto de su tesis de doctorado de Historia), propone un acercamiento específico al afiche de propaganda soviética. Son productos característicos de la cultura rusa, inspirados en los íconos y las tradiciones

pictóricas rusas como el “lubok”. El arte del cartel será también parte de una formación artística específica, ramo de la Academia de Bellas Artes. La mayoría de ellos son obras de arte, pero tienen como esencia la difusión de la ideología. Y su originalidad está justamente en lo que el autor califica como consubstancialidad, usando una palabra del campo religioso para definir esta mezcla inalterable artística y política que caracteriza el cartel soviético. Eso podría explicar su atracción actual, la pasión de algunos coleccionistas y el permanente cuidado que observa el Estado ruso hacia ellos. Los afiches analizados (un corpus de más de 3500 piezas) pertenecen principalmente a tres centros ubicados en Moscú: el Museo de las Fuerzas Armadas rusas, la Biblioteca Nacional, llamada Lenin y el Centro de Archivo Nacional ruso de literatura y arte ([Archivo de Literatura y Arte del Estado de Rusia] RGALI).
Techniques – Temporary suprapubic diversion in a septic male infant using double-J stent: Indications and surgical technique
Authors: Keefe Daniel T. , Andrioli Veridiana , Leonard Michael P.
Published: March 2018

N/A
Social Marketing on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Program in Pati, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sulaeman Endang Sutisna , Murti Bhisma , Waryana Waryana
Published: March 2018

Indonesia has the highest number of dengue fever cases in Southeast Asia and the second highest TB cases in the world. Both diseases are related to behavior. Social marketing focuses on changes in health behaviors. This study aimed to apply social marketing on dengue mosquito vector control and TB case finding and to analyze the effect of social marketing training on the knowledge and skills of community health workers (CHWs). A mixed method design was conducted in Pati, Central Java, Indonesia. First, a case study was conducted using field observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and document review. In-depth interviews and FGD were conducted on 55 participants including 40 community leaders and 15 CHWs. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Second, intervention study was conducted on social marketing training of 30 CHWs. The independent variable was social marketing training. The dependent variables were knowledge and skill of dengue mosquito vector control and TB case finding. The effect of training was analyzed by paired t test. The results showed that knowledge (p<0.001) and skill (p<0.001) in dengue mosquito vector control and TB case finding increased significantly after training. Qualitative assessment showed that CHWs were more able to identify health problems in the community and to perform TB case finding and dengue mosquito breeding place eradication. After training they also became more knowledgeable in applying social marketing approach to address the health problem. In conclusion, social marketing strategy can be used to address community health problem.
Wheat Bran Cereal, Human Gut Bacteria and Subjective Wellbeing
Authors: Smith Andrew Paul , Deaville Eddie , Gibson Glenn
Published: March 2018

Research has shown that consumption of high fiber breakfast cereal is associated with improved subjective well-being, especially increased energy. One possible explanation of these results is through metabolism by gut bacteria and concomitant production of metabolites that influence psychological and gastrointestinal (GI) welfare. This was examined in the present study to determine whether consumption of wheat bran could modulate the composition of the GI microbiota. This human volunteer study (20 volunteers) involved the comparison of three breakfast cereals, All-Bran, Bran Flakes and Cornflakes (60 g/d). The study involved a 14-day baseline phase (no breakfast cereals) and an eight-week experimental phase. Each cereal was consumed for 14 days. A seven-day washout period (no cereals) was carried out between each successive cereal condition. Faecal samples were collected every seven days. Enumeration of predominant faecal bacterial populations (bacteroides, bifidobacteria, clostridia, lactobacilli and eubacteria) was carried out using the culture independent fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) technique. Faecal short chain fatty acid content was also determined. The volunteers completed a battery of questionnaires to assess fatigue/energy, subjective mood, physical and mental health, bowel function and fiber intake. The results showed that in general there was no overall significant effect of breakfast cereal type on the faecal bacterial populations studied. There was also no major effect of breakfast type on short chain fatty acid content. The high-fiber conditions (All-Bran and Bran Flakes) were associated with less fatigue, a significant reduction in cognitive difficulties, looser stools, more motions and feeling more energised.
Lepralı hastaların yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Baysal Hasret Yalçınöz , Bilgin Sonay , Kaşıkçı Çağla Köktürk
Published: March 2018

Giriş: Bu çalışma İzmir’de, lepralı hastaların yaşam

kalitelerinin ve buna etki eden sosyo-demografik özelliklerin belirlenmesi

amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı olarak yapılan araştırma Ocak 2013

ile Ocak 2014 tarihleri arasında İzmir ili Deri ve Tenasül Hastalıkları

Dispanserine kayıtlı olan 59 lepralı hasta ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler soru

formu ve SF-36 yaşam kalitesi ölçeği ile toplanmış, SPSS 21.0 paket program

aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde yüzde,

ortalama, Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskall Wallis testi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan lepra hastalarının SF-36

fiziksel işlevsellik puan ortalaması (23.4±6.9) yüksek, emosyonel rol güçlüğü

(1.4±1.4) puanlarının ise düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaş, medeni durum, hasar

durumu, hasar bölgesi ve eğitim durumu gibi özelliklerin Lepralı hastaların

yaşam kalitesini etkilediği belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Bu çalışma Lepralı hastaların emosyonel yönden

desteğe ihtiyaçları olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Lepra hastalarının yaşam

kalitesini artırmak için hemşirelerin bu hastaları emosyonel yönden

desteklemeleri önerilebilir.
Couples Who Collaborate: Candace Fleming and Eric Rohmann
Authors: Gibson Jennifer
Published: March 2018

We continue our Couples Who Collaborate series with an award-winning duo who, for many CAL readers, need no introduction. Many titles by Candace Fleming and Eric Rohmann—a married couple from Illinois—most likely already grace the shelves of your library.
A Revolutionary Idea: Planning an Epic Hamil-Con
Authors: Guzek Katie
Published: March 2018

If you’ve lived under a rock for the past year or two, you probably haven’t heard the catchy, rappy tunes from Lin-Manuel Miranda’s Broadway blockbuster Hamilton. But you didn’t have to live in New York to catch Revolutionary fever—it seems those infectious tunes about Alexander Hamilton and his contemporaries were everywhere—and no age was immune. Even though the lyrics had some sass, even elementary school kids were learning their history in a novel way and singing along.Why not capitalize on that success at a library? That was exactly what several of us librarians at Brown County Library—all the way in Northeastern Wisconsin, far from the throngs of Broadway—thought. So in late 2016 we began planning what we hoped would be our epic Hamil-Con.