bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposed Dynamic Contactless Power Transfer System
Authors: Yasuda Tomio , Fujita Toshiyuki , Sato Motohisa
Published: May 2018

Since EV has the subject that a vehicles price with the long charging time with short mileage is high, it has not resulted in full-scale spread. The dynamic contactless power transfer system which performs an electric power supply on the vehicles under drive is expected as a means to solve the subject of EV. There are some problems resulting from the loop coil being used for the dynamic contactless power transfer system. The first problem is that it is incompatible with the stationary contactless power transfer system. In the stationary contactless power transfer system, since the ground coil of a different type from a loop coil is adopted, the vehicles must install two coils, under parking and driving. The space reservation for installing a coil by passenger car is difficult, and is not practical. The second problem is that the leakage flux and the radiation noise become large. The third problem is that a construction period and a repair period become long. In this paper, the dynamic contactless power transfer system which has the following features is proposed and a simulation and an experimental result show the validity. The feature of the system to propose is as follows. The ground coil of a proposal system is the same as that of the stationary contactless power transfer system, and electric supply becomes possible also while parking also driving. The proposal system consists of same ground side coil as the stationary contactless power transfer system, and a vehicles side coil, and leakage flux and a radiation noise are small. Since a proposal system vacates an interval and installs a ground coil, construction period shortening and price reduction of a system of it are attained.
The provision of public recharging infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in the UK – is there a business case?
Authors: Wardle Josey , Blythe Prof , Gibbon Dr , Herron Dr , Hübner Dr
Published: May 2018

The UK has been one of the most advanced countries in Europe for the demonstration of electric vehicles (EV) and the introduction of the supporting recharging infrastructure. Much of the UK’s EV recharging estate was created and is operated under public subsidy, in order to seed the marketplace for further EV and recharging equipment adoption. This paper addresses the fact that subsidies for the operation of this infrastructure are coming to an end, which is likely to affect EV drivers’ recharging behaviour. As the public funding ceases the infrastructure owners must find other ways to cover the on-going costs of operation and recover capital investments made, in order to provide a continuing and viable service to EV drivers. However, actual uptake of EVs and therefore demand for recharging has been lower than the arguably over optimistic predictions made in 2010 when the subsidies began. The difficulty of covering operating costs with inaccurate EV forecast figures is compounded by factors including asset life and ownership costs, recharging locations, vehicle and charging specifications, vehicle usage patterns and regional demographics. The introduction of fees for recharging at a level which EV drivers are willing to pay is unlikely to enable infrastructure owners to recoup their full costs using conventional business models. A Social and Environmental accounting model could be developed to help inform decision making for the public recharging business case. This paper gives an overview of the findings from the UK supplemented by experience from Republic of Ireland, and comments on the impact of inaccurate EV sales predictions and early changes in recharging behaviour resulting from reduction in subsidies.
Impact of Energy Management of Electric Vehicles on Transient Voltage Stability of Microgrid
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , Lin Xiangning , Zhuo Yixin , Kumar Ramesh , Rafique Muhammad
Published: May 2018

There is cause and effect relationship between increase in load due to increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EV) load that causes unbalanced conditions and affect the power quality such as voltage degradation and even damage the equipment if the system is not properly managed. This paper presents detailed review of energy supply and management in conjunction with load synchronization through EVs for maintaining transient voltage stability by providing reactive power support for the stability of power grid in vehicle-to-grid mode of operations. The energy management system is considered at different levels such as, stand-alone PV, stand-alone wind, stand-alone battery storage, stand-alone EV parking lot, residential feeder and commercial building feeders. First we proposed energy management algorithm, to limit the peak power drawn by EVs from distributed energy resources of microgrid, such that additional electrical resource will be transferred to resource constrained devices. The EVs negotiate based on their demand, priority and available electrical resource such that during higher electricity price the higher priority vehicles still require resource and perform uninterrupted operation. The transfer of electrical resource from one load device to another will help in reducing peak demand and improving the efficiency of the system. Secondly we proposed transient voltage stability margin index (TVSMI) to test the capability of EVs in contributing storage and supply services to the grid. The energy management control simulations are realized in DIgSILENT Power factory.
Unraveling User Type Characteristics: Towards a Taxonomy for Charging Infrastructure
Authors: Helmus J. , Van den Hoed R.
Published: May 2018

Many European cities with air quality concerns struggle how to further roll out charging infrastructure in the coming years in a cost effective manner. Typical concerns include charging point under-capacity (scarcity of charging points due to high demand) as well as over-capacity (placement of charging points in less prevalent locations). Being able to predict future utilization of charging stations would provide a great deal to policy makers in order to achieve more optimized infrastructure planning and roll out. This paper argues that in order to make solid predictions on the future use of charging stations one needs to acknowledge significant differences in charging behavior amongst user types, be it residents, commuters, city visitors or users of electric car sharing schemes. This paper sets out to unravel the particular charging patterns of different user types in terms of timing, charging amount and location preferences. By combining the specific user patterns with probabilities on which locations these users are likely to charge, the user-based charging patterns provide a powerful starting point to make predictions how charging points are likely to be used, as well as provide policy makers tools to make strategic decisions how to optimize the roll out of new charging infrastructure.
Impact of smart charging on the EV battery ageing - Discussion from a 3 years real life experience
Authors: De Vroey Laurent , Jahn Rafaël , Omar Noshin , Van Mierlo Joeri
Published: May 2018

Smart charging is related to a possible adjustment of the charging sequences with some energetic constraints. It can be defined in different ways, namely depending on the specific objectives. However, they all result in similar consequences for the charging sequences, with regard to conventional charging: potential delay, interruption(s) and power modulation of the charging cycles. It is commonly admitted that smart charging will be necessary to face the growing deployment of EVs, namely for the local grid operators. Moreover, from the user point of view, smart charging can be seen as an additional motivation for the choice of an EV instead of a conventional car, if e.g. lower electricity tariffs are proposed for charging flexibility. In this paper, a quantitative evaluation is performed of EV battery ageing, in function of the charging conditions, with a special focus on the smart charging specificities. The study is based on real data from a three years continuous monitoring of five Peugeot iOn cars, a first of a kind campaign that was performed in Belgium in the Brussels area during the period 2011-2014. Different use profiles and charging patterns were observed. Among other elements, battery capacity and battery efficiency and their evolution in time were calculated, taking into account various factors, such as the seasonal impacts. It will first be highlighted that, whatever their charging patterns, all the considered cars are showing a significant flexibility potential, making them good candidates for smart charging. The impact of smart charging on battery ageing will then be discussed, with a focus on the charging frequency, the average state of charge and the impact of faster versus slower charge on battery capacity. This long time monitoring period allows to clearly identify the time evolution trends, leading to unique conclusions from the real life.
Deriving vehicle-to-grid business models from consumer preferences
Authors: Bohnsack René , Van den Hoed Robert , Oude Reimer Hugo
Published: May 2018

Combining electric cars with utility services seems to be a natural fit and holds the promise to tackle various mobility as well as electricity challenges at the same time. So far no viable business model for vehicle-to-grid technology has emerged, raising the question which characteristics a vehicle-to-grid business model should have. Drawing on an exploratory study amongst 189 Dutch consumers this study seeks to understand consumer preferences in vehicle-to-grid business models using conjoint analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results suggest that consumers prefer private ownership of an EV and a bidirectional charger instead of community ownership of bidirectional charger, they prefer utility companies instead of car companies as the aggregator and they require home and public charging. The most salient attributes in a V2G business model seem to be functional rather than financial or social. The customer segment with the highest willingness to adopt V2G prefers functional attributes. Based on the findings, the study proposes a business model that incorporates the derived preferences.
Innovative practice of EV-carsharing in China for urban E-mobility
Authors: Wu Xiaoyuan , Yang Xuying , Shi Huan
Published: May 2018

EV-Carsharing (called as ‘EV-Timesharing’ in China) has been rapidly developing with the 2nd round National EV promotion and application project in 88 Chinese EV pilot cities authorized by Central Governments from 2013. While EV-Carsharing has been launching in more than 10 cities by end of 2014, Central Governments will select 4 as demonstration cities from 2015 and give special support to help them integrate EV-Carsharing into urban E-mobility more successfully. Recognizing importance and benefit for energy conservation, emission and traffic congestion reduction from EV-Carsharing, encouraged by Central Governments and pilot cities, more and more cities are preparing for EV-Carsharing to develop local EV industry and expand usage for urban E-mobility.This report is based on deep understanding of Chinese EV Pilot City as the biggest background for EV-Carsharing’s boom in China in past 2 years. Through conducting comparative studies, field investigation, survey, expert interview, data collection and analysis, this report comprehensively summarizes latest status of EV-Carsharing in China and some typical practice in different cities and highlights successful experience as well as barriers on key dimensions for EV-Carsharing, including application of telematics on EVs, Governments’ policy and administration, business and operating models, safety and security system and consumers’ education. Suggestions and guidelines will also be provided with recommendations on operating successful EV-Carsharing for urban E-mobility and better low carbon society for both China and other areas.
Comparative Study on Electric Vehicle Policies between Korea and EU Countries
Authors: HWANG Sang kyu
Published: May 2018

To significantly reduce greenhouse gas, the Korean government announced an ambitious EV deployment plan in 2010. According to that plan, one millions EVs would be provided by 2020. However, the target of EV deployment was not achieved despite strong political support. As a result, the government modified the initial plan by reducing the target number of EVs from 1 million to 200,000. Many EV experts thought the issue arose from poor policy framework and implementation process. The purpose of this paper is to find relevant policy direction in Korea by comparing the policy formulation and implementation process between EU countries and Korea. Concerning policy formulation, we examined the legislation and planning process to know what to prepare for successful EV policy framework. And for the policy implementing process, we analyzed various incentive measures on how to stimulate the deployment of EV. With comparative research results EV policy implications are drawn.
Large Scale Electric Car Sharing Stimulates EV Adoption and EVSE Infrastructure Deployment
Authors: Muller Hervé
Published: May 2018

After operating Autolib’ in Paris since 2011, Bolloré has now successfully launched in North America with a first all-electric car sharing service in Indianapolis named BlueIndy. The service will allow the City to gain up to 1,000 public charge points (EVSEs) and 500 Bluecar BEVs. The service represents a new mode of electric mobility and the ability for all in Indianapolis to experience EVs.
Added Value for Electrified Vehicles through Enhanced Active Safety
Authors: Arikere Adithya , Tysk Anders
Published: May 2018

The possibility of using electric drives to improve safety is presented. Several opportunities were identified and discussed briefly. In particular, two use cases are analyzed in detail: first to accelerate the lead vehicle to prevent or mitigate a rear-end collision and second, to control speed for mitigation of collision risk with oncoming vehicles during evasive maneuvers. Significant safety benefit was estimated in both cases and hence, a strong opportunity is seen for adding safety related value to electrified vehicles at little extra cost.
German Emobility User survey 2015 – Reasons why even electro mobility friendly people are not buying electric cars!
Authors: Vogt Matthias
Published: May 2018

In 2015 a big survey among very electro mobility experienced people was conducted in Germany. This survey is part of the government founded “monitoring and impact research for the German showcase program for electro mobility”. As in the last years the perception gained majority that people need more experience with electric cars, the news value of this survey is that only well-informed people were asked. Therefore, the main question in the survey was to get more information about the reasons why even well informed people with a positive attitude concerning electric cars are not yet buying them. The conclusions of this survey will be used for developing measures to activate and stimulate the German market.
Finding the Gaps in Event Management Research: A Descriptive Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kim Young Hoon , Kaewnuch Kanokkarn
Published: May 2018

Event and festival management is a growing topic of interest in the field of academic research on tourism and for many destinations because of the significant benefits event tourism can bring to a host destination. This study had three objectives. First, we attempt to identify primary
research subjects of past studies. Second, we look at suggested implications of past studies. Lastly, we attempt to identify the "gaps" in previous festival management research and suggest topics for future event management studies. Three-hundred and two articles were identified in four leading
event and festival management journals: The International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Event Management, International Journal of Event Management Research, and the Journal of Convention and Event Tourism. Analysis of the identified articles notes prominent contributors
to event and festival management literature, most prevalent topics of study, primary focus as seen from one of four balanced scorecard (BSC) perspectives, most dominant regions of research, and most prominent methodologies employed for event and festival management research.
Optical Studies of 15 Hard X-Ray Selected Cataclysmic Binaries
Authors: Halpern Jules P. , Thorstensen John R. , Cho Patricia , Collver Gabriel , Motsoaledi Mokhine , Breytenbach Hannes , Buckley David A. H. , Woudt Patrick A.
Published: May 2018

We conducted time-resolved optical spectroscopy and/or time-series photometry of 15 cataclysmic binaries that were discovered in hard X-ray surveys by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope and the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, with the goal of measuring their orbital periods and searching for spin periods. Four of the objects in this study are new optical identifications: Swift J0535.2+2830, Swift J2006.4+3645, IGR J21095+4322, and Swift J2116.5+5336. Coherent pulsations are detected from three objects for the first time, Swift J0535.2+2830 (1523 s), 2PBC J1911.4+1412 (747 s), and 1SWXRT J230642.7+550817 (464 s), indicating that they are intermediate polars (IPs). We find two new eclipsing systems in time-series photometry: 2PBC J0658.0−1746, a polar with a period of 2.38 hr, and Swift J2116.5+5336, a disk system that has an eclipse period of 6.56 hr. Exact or approximate spectroscopic orbital periods are found for six additional targets. Of note is the long 4.637-day orbit for Swift J0623.9−0939, which is revealed by the radial velocities of the photospheric absorption lines of the secondary star. We also discover a 12.76 hr orbital period for RX J2015.6+3711, which confirms that the previously detected 2.00 hr X-ray period from this star is the spin period of an IP, as inferred by Coti Zelati et al. These results support the conclusion that hard X-ray selection favors magnetic CVs, with IPs outnumbering polars.
Bi-lobed Shape of Comet 67P from a Collapsed Binary
Authors: Nesvorný David , Parker Joel , Vokrouhlický David
Published: May 2018

The Rosetta spacecraft observations revealed that the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko consists of two similarly sized lobes connected by a narrow neck. Here, we evaluate the possibility that 67P is a collapsed binary. We assume that the progenitor of 67P was a binary and consider various physical mechanisms that could have brought the binary components together, including small-scale impacts and gravitational encounters with planets. We find that 67P could be a primordial body (i.e., not a collisional fragment) if the outer planetesimal disk lasted ≲10 Myr before it was dispersed by migrating Neptune. The probability of binary collapse by impact is ≃30% for tightly bound binaries. Most km-class binaries become collisionally dissolved. Roughly 10% of the surviving binaries later evolve to become contact binaries during the disk dispersal, when bodies suffer gravitational encounters with Neptune. Overall, the processes described in this work do not seem to be efficient enough to explain the large fraction (∼67%) of bi-lobed cometary nuclei inferred from spacecraft imaging.
Searching for Exoplanets around X-Ray Binaries with Accreting White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes
Authors: Imara Nia , Di Stefano Rosanne
Published: May 2018

We recommend that the search for exoplanets around binary stars be extended to include X-ray binaries (XRBs) in which the accretor is a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole. We present a novel idea for detecting planets bound to such mass transfer binaries, proposing that the X-ray light curves of these binaries be inspected for signatures of transiting planets. X-ray transits may be the only way to detect planets around some systems, while providing a complementary approach to optical and/or radio observations in others. Any planets associated with XRBs must be in stable orbits. We consider the range of allowable separations and find that orbital periods can be hours or longer, while transit durations extend upward from about a minute for Earth-radius planets, to hours for Jupiter-radius planets. The search for planets around XRBs could begin at once with existing X-ray observations of these systems. If and when a planet is detected around an X-ray binary, the size and mass of the planet may be readily measured, and it may also be possible to study the transmission and absorption of X-rays through its atmosphere. Finally, a noteworthy application of our proposal is that the same technique could be used to search for signals from extraterrestrial intelligence. If an advanced exocivilization placed a Dyson sphere or similar structure in orbit around the accretor of an XRB in order to capture energy, such an artificial structure might cause detectable transits in the X-ray light curve.
An Analysis of Processes in the Solar Wind in a Thin Layer Adjacent to the Front of the Shock Wave
Authors: Molotkov I. A. , Atamaniuk B.
Published: May 2018

A two-dimensional stationary system of nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations in a thin layer adjoining the front of the interplanetary shock wave has been solved. Previously, any available publications relied on linear transport equations. But the presence of high-energy particles in the solar wind (SW) requires taking into account the processes of self-interaction. Our analysis examines the nonlinear terms in the MHD equations. A solution has been constructed for three cases: (1) in the absence of magnetic reconnections; (2) for magnetic reconnections; and (3) with the simultaneous action of reconnections and junction of magnetic islands. In all three cases, expressions were found for the main parameters of the SW. The results obtained on the basis of the solution of the MHD equations are consistent with the conclusions based on the investigation of the particle velocity distribution functions. This makes it possible to confirm the previously established fraction of particles excited to energies above 1 MeV.
Low-energy Electrons in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Models
Authors: Jóhannesson Guđlaugur , Björnsson Gunnlaugur
Published: May 2018

Observations of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows have long provided the most detailed information about the origin of this spectacular phenomenon. The model that is most commonly used to extract physical properties of the event from the observations is the relativistic fireball model, where ejected material moving at relativistic speeds creates a shock wave when it interacts with the surrounding medium. Electrons are accelerated in the shock wave, generating the observed synchrotron emission through interactions with the magnetic field in the downstream medium. It is usually assumed that the accelerated electrons follow a simple power-law distribution in energy between specific energy boundaries, and that no electron exists outside these boundaries. This Letter explores the consequences of adding a low-energy power-law segment to the electron distribution with energy that contributes insignificantly to the total energy budget of the distribution. The low-energy electrons have a significant impact on the radio emission, providing synchrotron absorption and emission at these long wavelengths. Shorter wavelengths are affected through the normalization of the distribution. The new model is used to analyze the light curves of GRB 990510, and the resulting parameters are compared to a model without the extra electrons. The quality of the fit and the best-fit parameters are significantly affected by the additional model component. The new component is in one case found to strongly affect the X-ray light curves, showing how changes to the model at radio frequencies can affect light curves at other frequencies through changes in best-fit model parameters.
Best practices for setting up a repository of phenotypic data for European germplasm holdings
Authors: Weise Stephan , Oppermann Markus
Published: May 2018

The European Search Catalogue for Plant Genetic Resources, EURISCO, provides information about more than 1.9 million accessions of crop plants and their wild relatives, preserved ex situ by almost 400 institutes in Europe and beyond (Weise et al. 2017). EURISCO, which is being maintained on behalf of the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources, is based on a network of National Inventories of 43 member countries. It represents an important effort for the preservation of the world’s agrobiological diversity by providing information about the large genetic diversity kept by the collaborating institutions.

Besides the classical passport data, in 2016, EURISCO started to additionally collect phenotypic data about the documented germplasm accessions. The selection of genebank material for both research and breeding purposes is increasingly carried out through the selection of specific phenotypic values, e.g. flowering time or plant height. Thus, these data are of high importance to users of plant genetic resources (PGR) since they determine the value of the respective germplasm. However, because there are no commonly agreed standards existing within the genebank community, this kind of data is very difficult to handle. In this context, the challenges range from synonymous/homonymous descriptor names over different rating scales to different/insufficient amounts of meta information, thus hampering both integration and cross-experiment comparison of data.

The presentation will illustrate the approach followed within EURISCO, together with the challenges resulting therefrom. Using this as a solid basis for a discussion about the utilization of this kind of data, the presentation shall be regarded as a call for cooperation.
Integration of Biodiversity Linked Data and Web APIs using SPARQL Micro-Services
Authors: Michel Franck , Faron-Zucker Catherine , Gandon Fabien
Published: May 2018

Web APIs (Application Programming Interface) are a common means for Web portals and data producers to enable HTTP-based, machine-processable access to their data. They are a prominent source of information*1 pertaining to topics as diverse as scientific information, social networks, entertainment or finance. The methods of Linked Data (Heath and Bizer 2011) similarly aim to publish machine-readable data on the Web, while connecting related resources within and between datasets, thereby creating a large distributed knowledge graph. Today, the biodiversity community is increasingly adopting the Linked Data principles to publish data such as trait banks, museum collections and taxonomic registers (Parr et al. 2016, Baskauf et al. 2016). However, standard approaches are still missing to combine disparate representations coming from both Linked Data interfaces and the manifold Web APIs that were developed during the last two decades to expose legacy biodiversity databases on the Web.

TheSPARQL Micro-Servicearchitecture (Michel et al. 2018) tackles the goal of reconciling Linked Data interfaces and Web APIs. It proposes a lightweight method to query a Web API using SPARQL (Harris and Seaborne 2013), the Semantic Web standard to query knowledge graphs expressed in the Resource Description Framework (RDF). A SPARQL micro-service provides access to a small RDF graph, typically resource-centric, that it builds at run-time by transforming a fraction of the whole dataset served by the Web API into RDF triples. Furthermore, Web APIs traditionally rely on internal, proprietary resource identifiers that are unsuited for use as Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). To address this concern, a SPARQL micro-service can assign a URI to a Web API resource, allowing an application to look up this URI and get a description of the resource in return (this process is referred to asdereferencing).

In this demo, we wish to showcase the value of SPARQL micro-services in the biodiversity domain. We first query TAXREF-LD, a Linked Data representation of the French taxonomic register of living beings (Michel et al. 2017), to retrieve information about a given taxon. Then, we demonstrate how we can enrich our knowledge about this taxon with various types of data retrieved on-the-fly from multiple Web APIs:

trait data from the Encyclopedia of Life trait bank (Parr et al. 2016),

articles or books from the Biodiversity Heritage Library,

audio recordings from the Macaulay scientific media archive,

photos from the Flickr photography social network, and

music tunes from MusicBrainz.

Different visualizations are demonstrated, ranging from raw RDF triples to Web pages generated dynamically and integrating heterogeneous data, as suggested in Fig. 1. Depending on the audience’s interests, we shall touch upon the alignment of Web APIs’ proprietary vocabularies with well-adopted thesauri or ontologies, or more technical concernse.g.related to the effort required to deploy a new SPARQL micro-service.
Introducing bdclean: a user friendly biodiversity data cleaning pipeline
Authors: Gueta Tomer , Barve Vijay , Nagarajah Thiloshon , Agrawal Ashwin , Carmel Yohay
Published: May 2018

A new R package for biodiversity data cleaning, 'bdclean', was initiated in the Google Summer of Code (GSoC) 2017 and is available on github. Several R packages have great data validation and cleaning functions, but 'bdclean' provides features to manage a complete pipeline for biodiversity data cleaning; from data quality explorations, to cleaning procedures and reporting. Users are able go through the quality control process in a very structured, intuitive, and effective way. A modular approach to data cleaning functionality should make this package extensible for many biodiversity data cleaning needs. Under GSoC 2018, 'bdclean' will go through a comprehensive upgrade. New features will be highlighted in the demonstration.
MapBio：Mapping Biodiversity of China
Authors: Lin Congtian , Huang Xiongwei , Ji Liqiang
Published: May 2018

MapBio is a project initiated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which aims at integrating species distribution data from different sources and mapping the biodiversity of China to support biodiversity research and biodiversity conservation decisions. Species distribution data may be found in journal articles, books and different databases in various formats, and most species distributions are described in free text. MapBio is trying to build up a workflow for collecting this free text, parsing it into standardized data and projecting distributions onto a map for each species in China. A map module of MapBio is designed and implemented based on Web GIS to visualize species distributions on a map at different levels, e.g., occurrence points, county, province, distribution range, protected area, waterbody, biogeographic realm. Since the completeness of distribution data is very important for assessing biodiversity, we developed a tool in MapBio for analysis of the gaps in distribution data. Based on the species distribution data, especially the occurrence data, MapBio provides an integrated modeling tool for helping users to build species niche models. MapBio is an open access project. Users can get data and services from it easily for biodiversity research and conservation, and also can contribute their own biodiversity data to MapBio.
Automated Trait Extraction using ClearEarth, a Natural Language Processing System for Text Mining in Natural Sciences
Authors: Thessen Anne , Preciado Jenette , Jain Payoj , Martin James , Palmer Martha , Bhat Riyaz
Published: May 2018

The cTAKES package (using the ClearTK Natural Language Processing toolkit Bethard et al. 2014,http://cleartk.github.io/cleartk/) has been successfully used to automatically read clinical notes in the medical field (Albright et al. 2013, Styler et al. 2014). It is used on a daily basis to automatically process clinical notes and extract relevant information by dozens of medical institutions. ClearEarth is a collaborative project that brings together computational linguistics and domain scientists to port Natural Language Processing (NLP) modules trained on the same types of linguistic annotation to the fields of geology, cryology, and ecology. The goal for ClearEarth in the ecology domain is the extraction of ecologically-relevant terms, including eco-phenotypic traits from text and the assignment of those traits to taxa. Four annotators used Anafora (an annotation software; https://github.com/weitechen/anafora) to mark seven entity types (biotic, aggregate, abiotic, locality, quality, unit, value) and six reciprocal property types (synonym of/has synonym, part of/has part, subtype/supertype) in 133 documents from primarily Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) and Wikipedia according to project guidelines (https://github.com/ClearEarthProject/AnnotationGuidelines). Inter-annotator agreement ranged from 43% to 90%. Performance of ClearEarth on identifying named entities in biology text overall was good (precision: 85.56%; recall: 71.57%). The named entities with the best performance were organisms and their parts/products (biotic entities - precision: 72.09%; recall: 54.17%) and systems and environments (aggregate entities - precision: 79.23%; recall: 75.34%). Terms and their relationships extracted by ClearEarth can be embedded in the new ecocore ontology after vetting (http://www.obofoundry.org/ontology/ecocore.html). This project enables use of advanced industry and research software within natural sciences for downstream operations such as data discovery, assessment, and analysis. In addition, ClearEarth uses the NLP results to generate domain-specific ontologies and other semantic resources.
Freshwater Biodiversity Platform (FBP): an Integrated Information Management System of Freshwater Ecosystem for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity
Authors: Kwan Ye-seul , Lee Gi Cheol , Park Sang Myeon , Lee Ji Hae , Oh Jeong Su
Published: May 2018

Since the Nagoya Protocol on Access to genetic resources and Benefit Sharing (ABS) came into force in 2014, the conservation and assurance of national biodiversity has been internationally stressed. The Government of South Korea is exercising significant efforts to integrate and manage the information pertaining to biological resources in line with this global trend. However, connecting and sharing biodiversity data has certain challenges because the existing databases and information systems are being operated using different standards.

In the present study, we established an integrated management system for freshwater biodiversity information, the Freshwater Biodiversity Platform (FBP), to support the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. This platform allows the management of various types of biodiversity data, such as occurrences, habitats and genetics, for freshwater species inhabiting South Korea. The data fields are based on a global biodiversity data standard, Darwin Core, and national biodiversity standards of South Korea in order to share our data more efficiently, both nationally and internationally. It is important to note that the platform deals with information related to the utilization of biological resources as well as information representing the national biodiversity. We have collected bibliographical data, such as papers and patents, from databases, including information on the use of biological resources. The data have been refined by applying a national species list of South Korea and ontology terms in (MeSH) to compile valuable information for biological industries. Furthermore, our platform is open source and is compatible with multiple language packs to facilitate the availability of biodiversity data for other countries and institutions.

Currently, the Freshwater Biodiversity Platform is being used to collect and standardize various types of existing freshwater biodiversity data to build foundations for data management. Based on these data, we will improve the platform by adding new systems that can analyze and release data for public access. This platform will provide integrated information on freshwater species from the Korean Peninsula to the world and contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources.
The Death of VertNet Has Been Greatly Exaggerated But We Still Archive
Authors: Guralnick Robert , Wieczorek John , Bloom David
Published: May 2018

VertNet (vertnet.org) is a collaborative project that makes biodiversity data free and available on the web. VertNet is also a tool designed to help people discover, improve, and publish biodiversity data. It is also the core of a collaboration between hundreds of biocollections that contribute biodiversity data and work together to improve it. VertNet has its genesis in the late 1990s and the very beginnings of vertebrate collections data sharing, and is nearing its 20th birthday. The small team that coordinates VertNet efforts long recognized the value of archival versions of VertNet data separate from individual published Darwin Core Archives. Here we describe why we produce what we call “snapshots” of the VertNet index. To understand the snapshots, it is important to also know how the VertNet indexing process works, which includes efforts at better flagging record types and special content of particular value to data consumers. We provide a brief explanation of the process we developed for creating these snapshots, focusing on how to assure their citation and licensing, and how to decide the scope of different snapshots. We also discuss the collaborative process of deciding infrastructure for archiving those snapshots, and our thinking about timing of new snapshots. In particular, we cover the use of Google BigQuery to produce snapshots and CyVerse as infrastructure for archival storage.
De la persistance des villages d’État au Mozambique
Authors: Paulo Borges Coelho João , Barreau-Tran Léa
Published: May 2018

Résumé Cette étude du déplacement forcé, sur le temps long, des communautés rurales dans une région du Mozambique permet de comparer les aldeamentos , villages fortifiés et construits pendant la guerre qui opposa le régime colonial portugais et les forces nationalistes mozambicaines, et les aldeias comunais , villages créés après l’indépendance dans le but de développer et de contrôler le territoire. Le fait que des objectifs totalement distincts aboutissent à des réalités presque identiques démontre que, derrière les récits qui soutiennent de tels objectifs, se trouvent la nature de l’État et la façon dont il considère et asservit les communautés rurales pour s’approprier des ressources.
Moraliser les dirigeants syndicaux ? Sur les usages politiques d’une loi de transparence financière dans le syndicalisme états-unien
Authors: Julliard Émilien
Published: May 2018

Résumé À partir de l’étude de deux mouvements dissidents survenus au niveau des structures locales de grands syndicats états-uniens des services, cette étude revient sur les usages politiques d’un dispositif public de transparence qui rend accessibles les comptes des organisations syndicales. Des acteurs agissant au nom de la « démocratie syndicale » dévoilent aux adhérents des informations comptables telles que la rémunération des dirigeants locaux. La « transparence » sert ici une critique morale ordinaire de la représentation contribuant à produire l’« oligarchie syndicale » : dans son mode de vie, le représentant serait plus proche du « patron » que des salariés dont, en conséquence, il ne défendrait pas les intérêts. Ainsi, des entrepreneurs de dissidence recourent à la scandalisation afin de mobiliser les membres pour mettre un terme au mandat de leurs représentants, ou les contraindre à agir différemment. Ici cependant, les dissidents ne sont pas parvenus à faire scandale auprès de suffisamment d’adhérents. Les sièges syndicaux sont alors intervenus, écartant les dissidents dans le même mouvement que les dirigeants locaux.
Quand le geste révèle le militant : sur quelques cas d’entrée en journalisme d’opposition dans la Russie contemporaine
Authors: Chupin Ivan , Mustafina Renata
Published: May 2018

Résumé Trois situations de protestation dans la Russie contemporaine sont analysées ici. À chaque fois, un individu a recours à un geste contestataire contre une ou des figures incarnant le pouvoir d’État (un homme interrompt le discours du Président, une étudiante proteste contre une entrée « sélective » à la réunion avec le Président, un activiste jette de l’eau au visage du procureur à l’issue du procès de ses amis). À partir de l’étude de la couverture médiatique de ces gestes et des entretiens réalisés avec leurs auteurs, cette recherche présente une analyse sociologique des trajectoires de ces acteurs, en étudiant en particulier leurs multiples inscriptions sociales dans le monde des médias mais aussi dans l’espace militant de l’opposition russe. Cette recherche constitue ainsi une contribution à l’analyse des relations étroites entre ces deux champs (militant et médiatique) dans le cadre du régime à caractère autoritaire de la Russie contemporaine. Ces trois gestes constituent un moment de « bifurcation » dans les carrières de journalistes de leurs auteurs. L’importante médiatisation qui leur est donnée élargit l’espace des possibles des individus concernés et facilite (ou renforce) leur intégration au sein des médias d’opposition. Au-delà, ces cas renseignent également sur les conditions de protestation et de prise de parole dans un espace public sous contraintes.
La gestion de la « crise des ordures » à Beyrouth durant l’été 2015 : quelle police des foules ?
Authors: Seurat Leïla
Published: May 2018

Résumé Les pays arabes restent à la marge des travaux consacrés à la police des foules. Si les sociologues et politistes spécialistes de la région prennent volontiers en compte l'usage de la répression dans l'analyse des mobilisations collectives, rares sont ceux qui s'intéressent spécifiquement aux pratiques policières. Cet article tente de combler cette lacune en proposant une lecture de la gestion policière des manifestations qui ont eu lieu à Beyrouth durant l'été 2015. La « crise des ordures » a plusieurs fois amené les Forces de sécurité intérieures (FSI) à recourir à un usage disproportionné de la force. Ces événements pèsent sur les débats relatifs à la sociologie de la police et des mouvements sociaux. Ils soulignent notamment le rôle des facteurs organisationnels et institutionnels.
Le droit : un outil de régulation du cyberespace ?
Authors: Eddé Rhéa
Published: May 2018

Le droit est une discipline vivante, évolutive, qui s’adapte à son environnement. À l’heure du big data , tout est devenu traces, les données personnelles sont désormais une des ressources essentielles de l’économie numérique. Cet article examine les raisons et les modalités de naissance du droit à l’oubli numérique, explore le contenu de ce droit subjectif et la manière dont il s’articule avec le respect de la vie privée, la liberté d’expression, les intérêts économiques des acteurs du marché et les mutations de la société. La mise en œuvre du droit à l’oubli numérique reflète les interrogations relatives à la transformation des législations nationales et à leur efficience au sein du cyberespace. Ce « nouveau droit » illustre les enjeux au cœur des différentes modifications que connaît le droit en ce début du xxi e  siècle et questionne l’adaptation du droit au cyberespace.
Des droits sexuels ?
Authors: Selim Monique
Published: May 2018

Les droits sexuels sont ici interrogés de façon hétérodoxe comme l’ensemble des phénomènes marquant l’émergence d’idiosyncrasies sexuelles – incluant les femmes – et en appelant à un régime de libre arbitre inédit, idéologiquement assez éloigné des thématiques antérieures de la libération et de la liberté sexuelles. L’article examine en premier lieu les figures politiques des droits sexuels telles qu’elles donnent à voir aujourd’hui, en particulier en Chine et au Bangladesh. Dans une seconde partie, l’auteure s’attache aux échos intimes de la libéralisation des sexualités avec des exemples français et laotiens. Enfin, ce sont les modalités présentes du désir et de la jouissance qui sont analysées dans un contexte d’état d’urgence.
Perspective des droits, genre et travail social auprès des enfants des rues au Mexique
Authors: Pochetti Irene
Published: May 2018

Cette contribution traite de l’adoption et des usages de la perspective des droits dans le travail social en direction des enfants et des jeunes des rues au Mexique. Elle mobilise des données issues d’une enquête ethnographique menée à Mexico en 2008 et 2010. Partant du constat que les acteurs du travail social ont progressivement incorporé des ressources discursives et juridiques relatives aux droits de l’enfant et aux droits humains, nous proposons d’interroger le rôle et l’usage de ces éléments dans un contexte sociopolitique d’« ouverture démocratique ». Nous verrons que ces nouvelles ressources sont mobilisées dans un cadre qui tend à les associer dans une perspective unique : l’enfoque de derecho y de genero (perspective de droits et de genre) . L’analyse par le genre révèle comment cette perspective conduit à des contradictions qui réassignent les filles des rues à des rôles sociaux de sexe naturalisés. D’un côté, le monde social de la prise en charge des jeunesses des rues est travaillé ou du moins confronté au référentiel politique des droits humains imbriqué dans la perspective de genre ; de l’autre, le résultat de cette confrontation est une appropriation contradictoire qui n’est pas toujours en accord avec des principes égalitaires. L’article tente de mettre à jour ces paradoxes.
Des droits de l’Homme au Code du travail
Authors: Didry Claude
Published: May 2018

Dans les débats législatifs des années 1900, le contrat de travail repose sur une relation exclusive entre un travailleur et un employeur, plaçant le premier dans une dépendance économique à l’égard du second. Cependant, le Code, en ne définissant pas le contrat de travail, laisse la voie libre, dans les années 1930 à une intervention de la Cour de cassation qui fait prévaloir le critère de la subordination du travailleur à l’employeur dans l’identification d’un contrat de travail. Dès lors, le travail se définit moins comme une activité du salarié que comme une expression de la volonté de l’employeur, avec comme seuls garde-fou les droits de l’Homme. La proposition de Code du travail avancé par le GR-PACT répond à cette lacune en introduisant une définition du contrat qui, sans exclure le pouvoir de fait, envisage un lien de dépendance entre travailleur et employeur.
Papas d’aujourd’hui
Authors: Clerget Joël
Published: May 2018

Des modes renouvelés d’être et de devenir père et papa sont envisagés pour explorer la diversité des situations vécues : certains enfants ont plusieurs papas. Le papa unique et le père monolithique ont fait long feu. Il y va de la référence paternelle, telle qu’elle est distribuée dans les configurations familiales et conjugales actuelles. Nous situons la venue au monde d’un bébé dans la nomination, la génération et la filiation.
Moi, le papa d’un enfant prématuré
Authors: Koliouli Flora
Published: May 2018

Cet article a pour visée d’appréhender le rôle et l’expérience des pères lors de la naissance prématurée de leur enfant, en nous appuyant sur les résultats issus de notre travail de thèse sur le soutien social et le vécu paternel dans ce contexte particulièrement sensible. Une sélection d’extraits anonymisés du discours de 48 pères rencontrés dans le service de néonatologie d’un grand centre hospitalier toulousains sont présentés et discutés.
La paternalité à l’épreuve de la migration
Authors: Koné-Mariko Aïchatou , Mestre Claire
Published: May 2018

Nous explorons la parentalité chez des pères migrants de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Ils ont été rencontrés dans le cadre d’une recherche universitaire, afin d’explorer les difficultés qu’ils rencontraient lors de l’accueil de leur premier enfant. Ces difficultés se situent à l’intersection de contraintes diverses : respecter les fonctions et les valeurs qu’ils ont héritées de leurs propres pères ; s’adapter aux injonctions de la société d’accueil, où le rôle des pères a rapidement évolué les dernières décennies. Ce mouvement, s’appuyant sur un travail psychique et identitaire puissant, est rendu périlleux du fait de leur solitude et des exigences de leur compagne. Des exemples concrets illustrent ces difficultés.