bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinematics for unilateral constraints in multibody dynamics
Authors: Lidström P
Published: May 2016

This paper is concerned with the kinematics of unilateral constraints in multibody dynamics. These constraints are related to the contact between parts and the principle of impenetrability of matter and have the property that they may be active, in which case they give rise to constraint forces, or passive, in which case they do not give rise to constraint forces. In order to check whether the constraint is active or passive a distance function between parts of the multibody is required. The paper gives a rigorous definition of the distance function and derives certain of its properties. The unilateral constraint may then be expressed in terms of this distance function. The paper analyses the transitions from passive constraints to active and vice versa. Sufficient regularity of the transplacements of the parts and their boundary surfaces will lead to specific properties of the time derivative of the distance function. When the unilateral constraint is active then the parts are geometrically in contact and there is a certain contact surface that, in specific cases, may degenerate into a point. If the parts are in mechanical contact over the contact surface then there will be an interaction between the parts given by contact forces, such as normal and friction forces. Parts in contact may be at rest relative to one another, over the contact surface, or they may be in relative sliding motion. The transition from non-sliding contact to sliding and from sliding to non-sliding is discussed and necessary conditions on the relative velocity and the traction vector are derived. Appropriate complementary conditions are then formulated. These are instrumental when the technique of linear complementarity is used in order to find solutions to the equations of motion.
Diagnostic Classification of ADHD Versus Control: Support Vector Machine Classification Using Brief Neuropsychological Assessment
Authors: Bledsoe Jesse C. , Xiao Cao , Chaovalitwongse Art , Mehta Sonya , Grabowski Thomas J. , Semrud-Clikeman Margaret , Pliszka Steven , Breiger David
Published: May 2016

Objective: Common methods for clinical diagnosis include clinical interview, behavioral questionnaires, and neuropsychological assessment. These methods rely on clinical interpretation and have variable reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of machine learning in the prediction and classification of children with ADHD–Combined presentation (ADHD-C) using brief neuropsychological measures (d2 Test of Attention, Children with ADHD-C and typically developing control children completed semi-structured clinical interviews and measures of attention/concentration and parents completed symptom severity questionnaires. Method: We used a forward feature selection method to identify the most informative neuropsychological features for support vector machine (SVM) classification and a decision tree model to derive a rule-based model. Results: The SVM model yielded excellent classification accuracy (100%) of individual children with and without ADHD (1.0). Decision tree algorithms identified individuals with and without ADHD-C with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion:This study observed highly accurate statistical diagnostic classification, at the individual level, in a sample of children with ADHD-C. The findings suggest data-driven behavioral algorithms based on brief neuropsychological data may present an efficient and accurate diagnostic tool for clinicians.
Telehealth Parent Training in the Early Start Denver Model: Results From a Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Vismara Laurie A. , McCormick Carolyn E. B. , Wagner Amy L. , Monlux Katernia , Nadhan Anna , Young Gregory S.
Published: May 2016

Telehealth training may benefit parents’ use of early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study is one of the few randomized trials to compare telehealth parent training in the Early Start Denver Model (P-ESDM) with a community treatment-as-usual, early intervention program. Parents were randomized to 12 weekly 1.5-hr videoconferencing sessions with website access to P-ESDM learning resources or to monthly 1.5-hr videoconferencing sessions with website access to alternative resources to support their intervention. Telehealth training facilitated higher parent fidelity gains and program satisfaction for more of the P-ESDM than the community group at the end of the 12-week training and at follow-up. Children’s social communication skills improved for both groups regardless of parent fidelity. Findings suggest the feasibility of telehealth training with improved parent intervention usage and satisfaction from the program. However, the impact of these effects on children’s development over time is yet to be understood.
Longitudinal Associations Between Observed and Perceived Neighborhood Food Availability and Body Mass Index in a Multiethnic Urban Sample
Authors: Zenk Shannon N. , Mentz Graciela , Schulz Amy J. , Johnson-Lawrence Vicki , Gaines Causandra R.
Published: May 2016

Introduction. Blacks, Hispanics, and women of lower socioeconomic status tend to have a higher risk of obesity. Numerous studies over the past decade examined the role of the neighborhood food environment in body weight. However, few were longitudinal. Purpose. This longitudinal study examined whether multiple measures of neighborhood food availability were associated with body mass index (BMI) in a predominately Black and Hispanic adult sample living in low- to moderate-income urban neighborhoods. Method. This longitudinal study used two waves of data (2002, 2008), including interviewer-measured height and weight, from a community survey of adults ( n = 219). In both 2002 and 2008, multiple measures characterized neighborhood food availability: GIS-derived availability of retail food outlets (large grocery store, small grocery store, convenience store, liquor stores), observed fruit and vegetable availability (count of stores selling 10 or more fresh fruit or vegetable varieties), and perceived fruit and vegetable access. Random intercept models estimated multivariable associations, controlling for individual-level demographics and neighborhood median household income. Results. Small grocery store availability was associated with 1.22-unit increase in BMI ( p = .047), while each unit increase in perceived fruit and vegetable access was associated with a 0.69-unit decrease in BMI ( p = .055). BMI was not associated with large grocery store, convenience store, or liquor store availability, or with observed fruit and vegetable availability. Conclusions. Findings suggest that improving the neighborhood food environment, particularly at small grocery stores, may help urban residents living in low- to moderate-income neighborhoods achieve healthier body weights over time.
Stakeholder Perspectives on Creating and Maintaining Trust in Community–Academic Research Partnerships
Authors: Frerichs Leah , Kim Mimi , Dave Gaurav , Cheney Ann , Hassmiller Lich Kristen , Jones Jennifer , Young Tiffany L. , Cene Crystal W. , Varma Deepthi S. , Schaal Jennifer , Black Adina , Striley Catherine W. , Vassar Stefanie , Sullivan Greer , Cottler Linda B. , Brown Arleen , Burke Jessica G. , Corbie-Smith Giselle
Published: May 2016

Community–academic research partnerships aim to build stakeholder trust in order to improve the reach and translation of health research, but there is limited empirical research regarding effective ways to build trust. This multisite study was launched to identify similarities and differences among stakeholders’ perspectives of antecedents to trust in research partnerships. In 2013-2014, we conducted a mixed-methods concept mapping study with participants from three major stakeholder groups who identified and rated the importance of different antecedents of trust on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Study participants were community members ( n = 66), health care providers ( n = 38), and academic researchers ( n = 44). All stakeholder groups rated “authentic communication” and “reciprocal relationships” the highest in importance. Community members rated “communication/methodology to resolve problems” ( M = 4.23, SD = 0.58) significantly higher than academic researchers ( M = 3.87, SD = 0.67) and health care providers ( M = 3.89, SD = 0.62; p < .01) and had different perspectives regarding the importance of issues related to “sustainability.” The importance of communication and relationships across stakeholders indicates the importance of colearning processes that involve the exchange of knowledge and skills. The differences uncovered suggest specific areas where attention and skill building may be needed to improve trust within partnerships. More research on how partnerships can improve communication specific to problem solving and sustainability is merited.
Nonlinear torsional buckling and post-buckling of eccentrically stiffened ceramic functionally graded material metal layer cylindrical shell surrounded by elastic foundation subjected to thermo-mechanical load
Authors: Ninh Dinh G , Bich Dao H
Published: May 2016

The nonlinear torsional buckling and post-buckling of ceramic functionally graded material (C-FGM-M) stiffened cylindrical shell surrounded by Pasternak elastic foundation in thermal environment are investigated in this paper. The C-FGM-M cylindrical shell is reinforced by ring and stringer stiffeners system in which the material properties of shell are assumed to be continuously graded in the thickness direction. Based on the classical shell theory, theoretical formulations are derived with the geometrical nonlinearity in von Karman sense and the smeared stiffeners technique. The three-term approximate solution of deflection is chosen more correctly and the explicit expression for finding critical load and post-buckling torsional load–deflection curves are given. The effects of geometrical parameters, temperature, stiffeners and elastic foundation are investigated.
Is no evidence of disease activity an achievable goal in MS patients on intramuscular interferon beta-1a treatment over long-term follow-up?
Authors: Uher Tomas , Havrdova Eva , Sobisek Lukas , Krasensky Jan , Vaneckova Manuela , Seidl Zdenek , Tyblova Michaela , Ramasamy Deepa , Zivadinov Robert , Horakova Dana
Published: May 2016

Background:

No evidence of disease activity (NEDA) has been proposed as a new treatment goal in multiple sclerosis (MS). NEDA-3 status is defined as the absence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; new/enlarging/enhancing lesions and increased whole brain volume loss in NEDA-4) and clinical disease activity.

Objectives:

To investigate the persistence of NEDA status over long-term follow-up in MS patients treated with weekly intramuscular interferon beta-1a.

Methods:

We included 192 patients after the first demyelinating event suggestive of MS, that is, clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and 162 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients.

Results:

NEDA-3 status was observed in 40.1% of CIS and 20.4% of RRMS patients after 1 year. After 4 years, 10.1% of CIS patients had NEDA-3 status. After 10 years, none of the RRMS patients had NEDA-3 status. Only 4.6% of CIS and 1.0% of RRMS patients maintained NEDA-4 status after 4 years. Loss of NEDA-3 status after the first year was associated with a higher risk of disability progression (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.3–4.0; p = 0.005–0.03) over 6 years.

Conclusions:

Despite intramuscular interferon beta-1a treatment, loss of NEDA status occurred in the vast majority of individuals. Loss of NEDA status during the first year was associated with disability progression over long-term follow-up; however, specificity for individual patient was low.
The taste of tea: Material, embodied knowledge and environmental history in northern Fujian, China
Authors: Xiao Kunbing
Published: May 2016

The Mount Wuyi area of northern Fujian Province, China, is famous for having produced superior teas for over 1500 years, including rock tea, which is the focus of this article. Locals evaluate sites in the mountain area in terms of the material quality of their tea plants and tea. The skills and techniques of specialist tea workers, and not just the terrain, are also regarded as essential in producing quality teas. These two elements, human skill and environment, have combined over time as embodied cultural knowledge, including a special vocabulary to judge the taste and fragrance of teas. Recent government attempts to set up a national tea quality standard for commercial purposes, emphasizing human skill and technique over felicitous environment, have had to accommodate the cultural importance of the traditional embodied knowledge of the ecology and hierarchy of tea appreciation.
Learner attention to form in ACCESS task-based interaction
Authors: Dao Phung , Iwashita Noriko , Gatbonton Elizabeth
Published: May 2016

This study explored the potential effects of communicative tasks developed using a reformulation of a task-based language teaching called Automatization in Communicative Contexts of Essential Speech Sequences (ACCESS) that includes automatization of language elements as one of its goals on learner attention to form in task-based interaction. The interaction data collected from a class for English as a second language (ESL) over a four-week period was analysed for incidence, outcome and characteristics (i.e. focus, initiation, response, and turn length) of language-related episodes (LREs) operationalized as evidence of learner attention to form. The results showed that during ACCESS task-based interactions, learners attended to form as reflected in a large number of LREs. Despite being brief, a majority of these LREs were correctly resolved, self-initiated, self- and other-responded, and focused on the target linguistic item: past-tense verbs. These results are discussed in terms of the potential effects of ACCESS task principles, different task features (i.e. task complexity, pre-task modeling, speaker role and group size), and learners’ approach to tasks on the incidence and characteristics of LREs.
Maternal perception of emotional difficulties of preschool children in rural Niger
Authors: Marquer Caroline , Grais Rebecca F. , Moro Marie Rose
Published: May 2016

Mental health care for infants and young children is often greatly limited in low-resource settings. The purpose of this study was to describe maternal perception of emotional difficulties of preschool children in a rural area of Niger (Maradi). In this context, both mental health awareness and services were scarce. This research was part of a larger cross-cultural validation study of a screening tool for psychological difficulties in children aged 3 to 6 years old. Data collection included group discussion and individual interviews. A total of 10 group interviews and 83 individual interviews were conducted. The results highlight mothers’ perceptions concerning their children’s psychological difficulties. Sleep difficulties were considered significant by the mothers and were used often as an entry point for further discussion of concerns. Peer and sibling relationships, separation anxiety, and reactions to difficult events were also described. Identification of mothers’ perceptions of children’s main difficulties through a mixed-method approach shows promise as a way to inform interventions to provide culturally appropriate care for children in need.
On the history of cultural psychiatry: Georges Devereux, Henri Ellenberger, and the psychological treatment of Native Americans in the 1950s
Authors: Delille Emmanuel
Published: May 2016

Henri Ellenberger (1905–1993) wrote the first French-language synthesis of transcultural psychiatry (“Ethno-psychiatrie”) for the French Encyclopédie Médico-Chirurgicale in 1965. His work casts new light on the early development of transcultural psychiatry in relation to scientific communities and networks, particularly on the role of Georges Devereux (1908–1985). The Ellenberger archives offer the possibility of comparing published texts with archival ones to create a more nuanced account of the history of transcultural psychiatry, and notably of the psychological treatment of Native Americans. This paper examines some key moments in the intellectual trajectories of Devereux and Ellenberger, including Devereux’s dispute with Ackerknecht, the careers of Devereux and Ellenberger as therapists at the Menninger Foundation (Topeka, Kansas) in the 1950s, and their respective positions in the research network developed by McGill University (Montreal, Quebec) with the newsletter Transcultural Research in Mental Health Problems. Finally, I consider their ties to other important figures in this field as it transitioned from colonial medicine to academic medicine, including Roger Bastide (France), Henri Collomb and the Ortigues (France and Africa), as well as Eric Wittkower and Brian Murphy (Canada) and Alexander Leighton (United States and Canada).
The psychosocial effect of web-based information in fast-track surgery
Authors: Jørgensen Lene Bastrup , Mikkelsen Lone Ramer , Noe Bodil Bjørnshave , Vesterby Martin , Uhd Maria , Fridlund Bengt
Published: May 2016

The psychosocial effects of web-based information have yet to be tested for patients joining a fast-track total hip arthroplasty programme. This study compared and evaluated the psychosocial impact of standard total hip arthroplasty programme, with and without supplementation with a web-based information platform (E-total hip arthroplasty programme). Totally, 299 patients were enrolled in an un-controlled, before-and-after study, 117 in the S-total hip arthroplasty programme group and 182 in the E-total hip arthroplasty programme group. Psychosocial outcomes before and during admission and then 3 months post-surgery were evaluated, with analyses conducted between and within groups. All outcomes improved significantly from pre-admission to 3 months post-surgery, with no between-group differences. In all, 112 of the 182 E-total hip arthroplasty programme patients accessed the learning platform. A subgroup analysis showed no significant differences between users and non-users, either at baseline or in terms of outcome. This study found no positive psychosocial effect between groups, but a significant effect within groups.
Procedural religion: Methodological reflections on studying religion in video games
Authors: Šisler Vít
Published: May 2016

The article discusses the methodological aspects of studying religion in video games. It examines the concept of “procedural religion,” that is, the representations of religion via rule-systems in games, and investigates how we can formally analyze these representations. The article uses Petri Nets, a mathematical and a graphical tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing discrete event systems, in order to analyze how religion is represented in the rule-systems of two different mainstream video games— Age of Empires II, developed in the United States, and Quraish, developed in Syria. By comparing the rule-systems of both games, the article provides empirical evidence on how game rule-systems migrate between cultures and influence local game production by providing local game developers with pre-defined formulas for expressing their ideas while simultaneously limiting the scope of such expression with schematized patterns. On a more general level, the article discusses what rule-system analysis can tell us about video games as cultural and religious artifacts.
Transmitting the Thinking: The Nineteenth-Century Stage Manager and the Adaptation of Text for Performance
Authors: Cattell Tracy
Published: May 2016

Charles H. Shattuck has described the promptbooks of the Victorian stage manager G. C. Ellis as ‘works of art’ which recorded ‘the stage art that was passing before him’, in which ‘a scholarly and artist-like stage manager is seen in the very act of transmitting the thinking of a scholar-actor of one age to a scholar-actor of the next.’ This article will consider the professional skill and artistic imperative of the initial and continual adaptation of scripts by stage managers in order to transmit, translate and represent the thinking of authors and actor-managers within promptbooks, and the contribution of such practice to maintaining the commercial viability of nineteenth-century performance.
(Per)forming the Adaptive: Watts Phillips’s The Woman in Mauve (1864/65) and the Sensation Genre as Commodity
Authors: Mattacks Kate
Published: May 2016

This article examines how Victorian theatre anticipates theories of commodity culture from within. Using previously unseen material from the M. E. Braddon Archive at the International Centre for Victorian Women Writers at Christchurch Canterbury and Lacy’s Acting Editions, I argue that Watts Phillips’s The Woman in Mauve (1864/65) was symptomatic of a move beyond simple replications of familiar sensation genres to create a collaborative cultural space where ideas of intertextuality, influence and piracy converge. Assumed to be a parody, Phillips’s work is rather a response to how the sensation genre had become cultural capital. The play renegotiates the sensational tropes of authentic repetition as a self-referential theatricalised commodity. The result is an exercise in reproduction, where material practice is on show. As a critique of commodity culture, The Woman in Mauve becomes an intertheatrical text, layered with meanings which can only be relative.
Strategy as Mutually Contingent Choice
Authors: Martin Neil
Published: May 2016

Thomas Schelling’s The Strategy of Conflict carries significant behavioral implications which have been overlooked by economic readers. I argue that these implications are central to Schelling’s vision of game theory, that they fit well with recent advances in experimental psychology and behavioral economics, and provide a comprehensive framework that can inform research on strategy. In my view, Schelling develops a non-mathematical approach to strategy which anticipates on Gigerenzer and Selten’s “ecological rationality” program. This approach maps the processes involved in strategic reasoning and highlights their reliance on the particular information structure of interactive social environments. Building on this approach, I model strategy as a heuristic form of reasoning that governs the way in which individuals search for and provide cues in situations of mutually contingent choice. I conclude by examining how the reference to ecological rationality can help clarify Schelling’s contribution to game theory and outline potential avenues of research into strategic reasoning and interaction.
The Impact of Inclusive STEM High Schools on Student Achievement
Authors: Gnagey Jennifer , Lavertu Stéphane
Published: May 2016

This study is one of the first to estimate the impact of “inclusive“ science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) high schools using student-level data. We use multiple statistical strategies to estimate the effect on student achievement from 2 years of attendance at six such high schools in Ohio. The results indicate that two schools had positive effects on science achievement that appear to come at the expense of achievement in social studies. The other schools had negligible or, often, negative effects across both STEM and, particularly, non-STEM subjects. These results are consistent with studies indicating that inclusive STEM schools typically focus on problem-based, personalized learning rather than science and mathematics content. The analysis also reveals the importance of accounting for students’ prior test scores in science, in addition to math and reading, when estimating models that use only 1 year of prior test score data—something that existing studies fail to do.
Integration of genetic and clinical risk factors improves prognostication in relapsed childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Irving Julie A. E. , Enshaei Amir , Parker Catriona A. , Sutton Rosemary , Kuiper Roland P. , Erhorn Amy , Minto Lynne , Venn Nicola C. , Law Tamara , Yu Jiangyan , Schwab Claire , Davies Rosanna , Matheson Elizabeth , Davies Alysia , Sonneveld Edwin , den Boer Monique L. , Love Sharon B. , Harrison Christine J. , Hoogerbrugge Peter M. , Revesz Tamas , Saha Vaskar , Moorman Anthony V.
Published: May 2016

Key Points

Chromosomal abnormalities predict outcome after relapse in BCP-ALL, and high-risk cytogenetics takes precedence over clinical risk factors. Patients with mutations or deletions targeting TP53, NR3C1, BTG1, and NRAS were associated with clinical high risk and an inferior outcome.
Present and future utility of computed tomography scanning in the assessment and management of COPD
Authors: Ostridge Kristoffer , Wilkinson Tom M.A.
Published: May 2016

Computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for imaging the thorax and lung structure. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it used to recognise the key morphological features of emphysema, bronchial wall thickening and gas trapping. Despite this, its place in the investigation and management of COPD is yet to be determined, and it is not routinely recommended. However, lung CT already has important clinical applications where it can be used to diagnose concomitant pathology and determine which patients with severe emphysema are appropriate for lung volume reduction procedures. Furthermore, novel quantitative analysis techniques permit objective measurements of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of the disease. These techniques can give important insights into COPD, and help explore the heterogeneity and underlying mechanisms of the condition. In time, it is hoped that these techniques can be used in clinical trials to help develop disease-specific therapy and, ultimately, as a clinical tool in identifying patients who would benefit most from new and existing treatments. This review discusses the current clinical applications for CT imaging in COPD and quantification techniques, and its potential future role in stratifying disease for optimal outcome.
Digital health for the End TB Strategy: developing priority products and making them work
Authors: Falzon Dennis , Timimi Hazim , Kurosinski Pascal , Migliori Giovanni Battista , Van Gemert Wayne , Denkinger Claudia , Isaacs Chris , Story Alistair , Garfein Richard S. , do Valle Bastos Luis Gustavo , Yassin Mohammed A. , Rusovich Valiantsin , Skrahina Alena , Van Hoi Le , Broger Tobias , Abubakar Ibrahim , Hayward Andrew , Thomas Bruce V. , Temesgen Zelalem , Quraishi Subhi , von Delft Dalene , Jaramillo Ernesto , Weyer Karin , Raviglione Mario C.
Published: May 2016

In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the End TB Strategy in response to a World Health Assembly Resolution requesting Member States to end the worldwide epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) by 2035. For the strategy's objectives to be realised, the next 20 years will need novel solutions to address the challenges posed by TB to health professionals, and to affected people and communities. Information and communication technology presents opportunities for innovative approaches to support TB efforts in patient care, surveillance, programme management and electronic learning. The effective application of digital health products at a large scale and their continued development need the engagement of TB patients and their caregivers, innovators, funders, policy-makers, advocacy groups, and affected communities.

In April 2015, WHO established its Global Task Force on Digital Health for TB to advocate and support the development of digital health innovations in global efforts to improve TB care and prevention. We outline the group's approach to stewarding this process in alignment with the three pillars of the End TB Strategy. The supplementary material of this article includes target product profiles, as developed by early 2016, defining nine priority digital health concepts and products that are strategically positioned to enhance TB action at the country level.
Emphysema- and airway-dominant COPD phenotypes defined by standardised quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Subramanian Deepak R. , Gupta Sumit , Burggraf Dorothe , vom Silberberg Suzan J. , Heimbeck Irene , Heiss-Neumann Marion S. , Haeussinger Karl , Newby Chris , Hargadon Beverley , Raj Vimal , Singh Dave , Kolsum Umme , Hofer Thomas P. , Al-shair Khaled , Luetzen Niklas , Prasse Antje , Müller-Quernheim Joachim , Benea Giorgio , Leprotti Stefano , Boschetto Piera , Gorecka Dorota , Nowinski Adam , Oniszh Karina , Castell Wolfgang zu , Hagen Michael , Barta Imre , Döme Balázs , Strausz Janos , Greulich Timm , Vogelmeier Claus , Koczulla Andreas R. , Gut Ivo , Hohlfeld Jens , Welte Tobias , Lavae-Mokhtari Mahyar , Ziegler-Heitbrock Loems , Brightling Christopher , Parr David G.
Published: May 2016

EvA (EmphysemaversusAirway disease) is a multicentre project to study mechanisms and identify biomarkers of emphysema and airway disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this study was to delineate objectively imaging-based emphysema-dominant and airway disease-dominant phenotypes using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) indices, standardised with a novel phantom-based approach.

441 subjects with COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages 1–3) were assessed in terms of clinical and physiological measurements, laboratory testing and standardised QCT indices of emphysema and airway wall geometry.

QCT indices were influenced by scanner non-conformity, but standardisation significantly reduced variability (p<0.001) and led to more robust phenotypes. Four imaging-derived phenotypes were identified, reflecting “emphysema-dominant”, “airway disease-dominant”, “mixed” disease and “mild” disease. The emphysema-dominant group had significantly higher lung volumes, lower gas transfer coefficient, lower oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) tensions, higher haemoglobin and higher blood leukocyte numbers than the airway disease-dominant group.

The utility of QCT for phenotyping in the setting of an international multicentre study is improved by standardisation. QCT indices of emphysema and airway disease can delineate within a population of patients with COPD, phenotypic groups that have typical clinical features known to be associated with emphysema-dominant and airway-dominant disease.
First-arrival traveltime tomography for anisotropic media using the adjoint-state method
Authors: Waheed Umair bin , Flagg Garret , Yarman Can Evren
Published: May 2016

Traveltime tomography using transmission data has been widely used for static corrections and for obtaining near-surface models for seismic depth imaging. More recently, it is also being used to build initial models for full-waveform inversion. The classic traveltime tomography approach based on ray tracing has difficulties in handling large data sets arising from current seismic acquisition surveys. Some of these difficulties can be addressed using the adjoint-state method, due to its low memory requirement and numerical efficiency. By coupling the gradient computation to nonlinear optimization, it avoids the need for explicit computation of the Fréchet derivative matrix. Furthermore, its cost is equivalent to twice the solution of the forward-modeling problem, irrespective of the size of the input data. The presence of anisotropy in the subsurface has been well established during the past few decades. The improved seismic images obtained by incorporating anisotropy into the seismic processing workflow justify the effort. However, previous literature on the adjoint-state method has only addressed the isotropic approximation of the subsurface. We have extended the adjoint-state technique for first-arrival traveltime tomography to vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media. Because [Formula: see text] is weakly resolvable from surface seismic alone, we have developed the mathematical framework and procedure to invert for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Our numerical tests on the VTI SEAM model demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to invert for near-surface model parameters and reveal the accuracy achievable by the algorithm.
Long “Live” Theater
Authors: Buckley Jennifer
Published: May 2016

In this article, Jennifer Buckley investigates digital durational performances like Forced Entertainment's 12 a.m.: Awake & Looking Down and questions if and how media can feel like live theater and create community. She also discusses how social media platforms like Twitter generate secondary performances and complicate notions of liveness and archival boundaries. The article also engages with Jonathan Kalb's book Great Lengths, Marina Abramović's performance 512 Hours, and Forced Entertainment's durationals Quizoola! and Speak Bitterness.
Reproductive consequences of female size in haematophagous ectoparasites
Authors: Kiefer Daniel , Warburton Elizabeth M. , Khokhlova Irina S. , Krasnov Boris R.
Published: May 2016

To test relationships between maternal size, egg size and size of new offspring, we studied (a) effect of maternal size on egg size and number and maternal survival after oviposition in three species and (b) effect of egg size on duration of development and new imago size in three flea species (Xenopsylla ramesis, Synosternus cleopatrae, Parapulex chephrenis) with varying host and habitat specificity. In general, number and size of eggs as well as total egg volume appeared to be independent of maternal body size. There was no trade-off between egg number and size. However, female body size was related to post-oviposition survival with larger females surviving longer after oviposition than smaller females. In addition, females that produced more eggs died faster after oviposition in X. ramesis but not in the two other species. There were no significant size differences between eggs that developed into new imagoes and eggs that did not survive. Survivorship of male and female eggs did not differ; however, new adult females were significantly larger than new adult males. Female, but not male, new imagoes exhibited a significant positive relationship between egg size and duration of preimaginal development in all three species with larger eggs developing faster than smaller eggs. In X. ramesis and S. cleopatrae, faster developing eggs also developed into larger new imagoes. We conclude that these patterns were largely consistent among the three flea species suggesting that they result from the same mechanisms and are weakly affected by the ecological specialization of a given species.
Ein unbekannter griechischer Lobgesang aus dem Jahre 1836
Authors: Füves Ödön
Published: May 2016

No abstract
Recent advances in managing a spinal cord injury secondary to trauma
Authors: Ahuja Christopher S. , Martin Allan R. , Fehlings Michael G
Published: May 2016

Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) affect 1.3 million North Americans, producing devastating physical, social, and vocational impairment. Pathophysiologically, the initial mechanical trauma is followed by a significant secondary injury which includes local ischemia, pro-apoptotic signaling, release of cytotoxic factors, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Expedient delivery of medical and surgical care during this critical period can improve long-term functional outcomes, engendering the concept of “Time is Spine”. We emphasize the importance of expeditious care while outlining the initial clinical and radiographic assessment of patients. Key evidence-based early interventions (surgical decompression, blood pressure augmentation, and methylprednisolone) are also reviewed, including findings of the landmark Surgical Timing in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (STASCIS). We then describe other neuroprotective approaches on the edge of translation such as the sodium-channel blocker riluzole, the anti-inflammatory minocycline, and therapeutic hypothermia. We also review promising neuroregenerative therapies that are likely to influence management practices over the next decade including chondroitinase, Rho-ROCK pathway inhibition, and bioengineered strategies. The importance of emerging neural stem cell therapies to remyelinate denuded axons and regenerate neural circuits is also discussed. Finally, we outline future directions for research and patient care.
Improving outcome of sensorimotor functions after traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Dietz Volker
Published: May 2016

In the rehabilitation of a patient suffering a spinal cord injury (SCI), the exploitation of neuroplasticity is well established. It can be facilitated through the training of functional movements with technical assistance as needed and can improve outcome after an SCI. The success of such training in individuals with incomplete SCI critically depends on the presence of physiological proprioceptive input to the spinal cord leading to meaningful muscle activations during movement performances. Some actual preclinical approaches to restore function by compensating for the loss of descending input to spinal networks following complete/incomplete SCI are critically discussed in this report. Electrical and pharmacological stimulation of spinal neural networks is still in the experimental stage, and despite promising repair studies in animal models, translations to humans up to now have not been convincing. It is possible that a combination of techniques targeting the promotion of axonal regeneration is necessary to advance the restoration of function. In the future, refinement of animal models according to clinical conditions and requirements may contribute to greater translational success.
Beyond Words: Learning to Use Role-Play to Treat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Rutberg Eric
Published: May 2016

Scholarly research conducted by former National Institute of Mental Health Director Frank Ochberg (2006), the American Psychological Association (2003), and Rosenberg et al. (2001) show that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), especially exposure therapy, is effective in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on a psychobiological level. Yet according to studies by Becker, Zayfert, and Anderson (2003) and Cahill, Foa, Hembree, Marshall, and Nacash (2006), many psychologists and master's-level clinicians do not include an exposure therapy component in their treatment of PTSD.
J. L. Moreno: The Origins of the Group Encounter Movement and the Forerunner of Web-Based Social Network Media Revolution
Authors: Treadwell Thomas
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this article is to (a) acknowledge Moreno's merits as the founder of the Group Encounter Movement; (b) review a few ambiguities, contradictions, and backbiting that were evident in the Group Encounter Movement; (c) to identify Moreno as a pioneer in grounding and setting the stage for group psychology and group psychotherapy as an evidence-based therapy; and (d) pinpoint and recognize Moreno as the forerunner of our web-based social network media in virtual communities. Moreno joins the long, illustrious line of psychiatrists, psychologists, and group psychotherapists whose work continues to have an impact long after they have departed this world.
Optimising the person-centred management of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Phillips Anne
Published: May 2016

Type 2 diabetes is increasing in prevalence at a worrying rate and has been exacerbated by the worldwide obesity epidemic. The number of people in the UK diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has soared by 60% in the past 10 years. Type 2 diabetes is a very serious condition, with significant associated risks, and is the leading cause of avoidable macro- and microvascular complications. Health professionals have a key role in enabling and optimising person-centred approaches, educating and augmenting the essential skills every person, whatever his or her individual circumstances, requires for the successful self-management of this lifelong condition. This article reviews approaches to care for the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, which includes optimising person-centred targets, promoting individualised care, minimising the risk of complications and promoting education from diagnosis onwards.
Community gardens as sites of solace and end-of-life support: a literature review
Authors: Marsh Pauline , Spinaze Anna
Published: May 2016

In a pilot project, members of a community garden explored how they might provide better end-of-life support for their regional community. As part of the project, a literature review was undertaken to investigate the nexus between community gardens and end-of-life experiences (including grief and bereavement) in academic research. This article documents the findings of that review. The authors discovered there is little academic material that focuses specifically on community gardens and end-of-life experiences, but nonetheless the two subjects were seen to intersect. The authors found three points of commonality: both share a need and capacity for a) social/informal support, b) therapeutic space, and c) opportunities for solace.
The effective science technician
Authors: Quinnell Simon
Published: May 2016

What makes an amazing school science technician? Simon Quinnell draws upon his CPD work with technicians from across the country to offer some ideas of how this vital role can support teachers and students
SEN and parental engagement
Authors: Freeman Garry
Published: May 2016

When supporting the education and development of children with SEN, effective working with parents is crucial. Garry Freeman offers some practical advice to schools and teachers
Sagittal alignment of the spine-pelvis-lower extremity axis in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang W. J. , Liu F. , Zhu Y.W. , Sun M.H. , Qiu Y. , Weng W. J.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Normal sagittal spine-pelvis-lower extremity alignment is crucial in humans for maintaining an ergonomic upright standing posture, and pathogenesis in any segment leads to poor balance. The present study aimed to investigate how this sagittal alignment can be affected by severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and whether associated changes corresponded with symptoms of lower back pain (LBP) in this patient population.

Methods

Lateral radiograph films in an upright standing position were obtained from 59 patients with severe KOA and 58 asymptomatic controls free from KOA. Sagittal alignment of the spine, pelvis, hip and proximal femur was quantified by measuring several radiographic parameters. Global balance was accessed according to the relative position of the C7 plumb line to the sacrum and femoral heads. The presence of chronic LBP was documented. Comparisons between the two groups were carried by independent samples t-tests or chi-squared test.

Results

Patients with severe KOA showed significant backward femoral inclination (FI), hip flexion, forward spinal inclination, and higher prevalence of global imbalance (27.1% versus 3.4%, p < 0.001) compared with controls. In addition, patients with FI of 10° (n = 23) showed reduced lumbar lordosis and significant forward spinal inclination compared with controls, whereas those with FI > 10° (n = 36) presented with significant pelvic anteversion and hip flexion. A total of 39 patients with KOA (66.1%) suffered from LBP. There was no significant difference in sagittal alignment between KOA patients with and without LBP.

Conclusions

The sagittal alignment of spine-pelvis-lower extremity axis was significantly influenced by severe KOA. The lumbar spine served as the primary source of compensation, while hip flexion and pelvic anteversion increased for further compensation. Changes in sagittal alignment may not be involved in the pathogenesis of LBP in this patient population. Cite this article: W. J. Wang, F. Liu, Y.W. Zhu, M.H. Sun, Y. Qiu, W. J. Weng. Sagittal alignment of the spine-pelvis-lower extremity axis in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis: A radiographic study. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:198–205. DOI:10.1302/2046-3758.55.2000538.
Empiricism and Relationism Intertwined: Hume and Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity
Authors: Slavov Matias Kimi
Published: May 2016

Einstein acknowledged that his reading of Hume influenced the development of his special theory of relativity. In this article, I juxtapose Hume’s philosophy with Einstein’s philosophical analysis related to his special relativity. I argue that there are two common points to be found in their writings, namely an empiricist theory of ideas and concepts, and a relationist ontology regarding space and time. The main thesis of this article is that these two points are intertwined in Hume and Einstein.
Correction of Atmospheric Refraction Geolocation Error for High Resolution Optical Satellite Pushbroom Images
Authors: Yan Ming , Wang Chengyi , Ma Jianglin , Wang Zhiyong , Yu Bingyang
Published: May 2016

When an optical remote sensing satellite is imaging the Earth in-orbit, the propagation direction of the Line of Sight (LOS) will be changed because of atmospheric refraction. This will result in a geolocation deviation on the collinear rigorous geometric model for direct georeferencing,
pushbroom images. To estimate and correct the atmospheric refraction geolocation error, the LOS vector tracking algorithm is introduced and a weighted mean algorithm is used to simplify the ISO standard atmospheric model into a troposphere and stratosphere, i.e., two layers spherical atmosphere.
The simulation result shows the atmospheric refraction will introduce about 2 m and 7.5 m geometric displacement when the spacecraft is off-pointed view at 30 and 45 degree angle, respectively. For a state-of-the-art high resolution satellite, the atmospheric refraction displacement shall
be corrected. The method has been practiced in the DMC3/TripleSat Constellation to remove the atmospheric refraction geolocation error without ground control points.
Preparation of a monolithic sorbent using a response surface methodology
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Lee Yu Ri , Row Kyung Ho
Published: May 2016

A 17-run Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was introduced to optimize the synthesis conditions of a monolithic sorbent. The effects of the amount of monomer (mL), crosslinker (mL) and porogen (mL) were investigated. The experimental data was fitted to a second - order polynomial equation by multiple regression analysis, which was examined using statistical methods. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2Adj) in this model was 0.9867. The probability value (p<0.0001) revealed the high significance of the regression model. A mean amount of 5057.4 mg polymer was produced under the following optimized synthesis conditions: 0.51 mL monomer, 2.94 mL crosslinker and 2.84 mL porogen. The actual experimental result was in good agreement with the predicted model value.
I feira de ciências da cidade de Salvaterra (Pará): um exemplo de educação não formal em ciências naturais
Authors: Campos Barbosa Ana Nayara , Assis dos Santos Ruth Helena , Freitas de Souza Ronilson
Published: May 2016

No biênio 2014/2015 foi realizado a primeira Feira Municipal de Ciências de Salvaterra que abordou a temática da sustentabilidade socioambiental do Marajó, e como resultado impulsionou a implementação de feiras de ciências nas escolas da educação básica nesta localidade. Além de formação de 20 docentes da UEPA e 19 alunos universitários treinados e capacitados em orientar trabalhos de iniciação cientifica voltados a popularização e divulgação das ciências e em realização de Feiras de Ciências em escolas públicas. A culminância das ações realizadas nas escolas, a execução da Feira Municipal, ocorreu apresentação de trabalhos elaborados e desenvolvidos por alunos e professores do ensino fundamental, médio e técnico. O título do trabalho ganhador do nível de ensino fundamental foi“a implantação da coleta seletiva na comunidade de Passagem Grande como alternativa de fonte de renda e qualidade de vida” e o trabalho ganhador do nível de ensino médio e técnico foi “aproveitamento integral dos alimentos”. A realização deste projeto possibilitou criar um importante local de divulgação cientifica, possibilitando compartilhar informações cientificas e tecnológicas com a comunidade escolar da região do Marajó. As ações realizadas durante a execução deste projeto proporcionou formação acadêmica complementar dos discentes, os quais passam a ter a possibilidade de aplicar à sociedade seus conhecimentos e, consequentemente, aprender na prática aquilo que só se aprende em atividades desse cunho.