bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of Mipu1 in Response to Myocardial Infarction in Rats
Authors: Wang Guiliang , Zuo Xiaoxia , Liu Junwen , Jiang Lei , Liu Ying , Zheng Yazhu , Zhang Bin , Xiao Xianzhong
Published: February 2009

Myocardial ischemic preconditioning up-regulated protein 1 (Mipu1) was cloned in our laboratory. Male Wistar rats were subjected to left anterior coronary artery ligation and sham-operation and sacrificed at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d or 5 d after ligation. Expression of Mipu1 mRNA and protein were assessed by Northern blotting, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, In Situ hybridization and Western blotting. Expression of Mipu1 was up-regulated at 3 h and lasted to 12 h with a peak at 6 h. Mipu1 mRNA and protein signals express in the endothelium and myocardium in normal and infarcted heart, mainly in infarcted zone. Fluorescent immunocytochemistry showed that Mipu1 protein was localized to the nuclei of H9c2 myogenic cells and was upregulated after the cells being exposed to H2O2. These observations indicates that Mipu1 may play a role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and protecting the myogenic cells from being injured by ischemia-reperfusion or oxidation stress.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and QuantumChemical Study on 3-Phenylamino-4-Phenyl-1,2,4-Triazole-5-Thione
Authors: Wang Hong-Yan , Zhao Pu-Su , Li Rong-Qing , Zhou Su-Min
Published: February 2009

3-Phenylamino-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Density functional theory calculations of the structure, natural bond orbitals, atomic charge distributions and thermodynamic functions of the title compound were performed at B3LYP/ 6-311G** and PBE1PBE/6-311G**levels of theory, respectively. NPA atomic charge distributions indicate that the title compound can be used as a potential multi-dentate ligand to coordinate with various metallic ions. Calculation of the second order optical nonlinearity was also carried out. The thermodynamic properties of C0p,m, S0m and H0m were calculated and correlative equations between the thermodynamic properties and temperatures were also obtained
Polymerization of Cyclic Esters Initiated by Carnitine and Tin (II) Octoate
Authors: Sobczak Marcin , Kolodziejski Waclaw
Published: February 2009

Low-molecular weight poly(ε-caprolactone), polylactides and copolymers of ε-caprolactone and lactides were obtained by the polymerization of cyclic esters in the presence of a carnitine/SnOct2 system. Their structures were proven by means of MALDI-TOF, IR and NMR studies. Effects of temperature, reaction time and carnitine dosage on the polymerization process were examined.
A Fast Level Set Method for Synthetic Aperture Radar Ocean Image Segmentation
Authors: Huang Xiaoxia , Huang Bo , Li Hongga
Published: February 2009

Segmentation of high noise imagery like Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is still one of the most challenging tasks in image processing. While level set, a novel approach based on the analysis of the motion of an interface, can be used to address this challenge, the cell-based iterations may make the process of image segmentation remarkably slow, especially for large-size images. For this reason fast level set algorithms such as narrow band and fast marching have been attempted. Built upon these, this paper presents an improved fast level set method for SAR ocean image segmentation. This competent method is dependent on both the intensity driven speed and curvature flow that result in a stable and smooth boundary. Notably, it is optimized to track moving interfaces for keeping up with the point-wise boundary propagation using a single list and a method of fast up-wind scheme iteration. The list facilitates efficient insertion and deletion of pixels on the propagation front. Meanwhile, the local up-wind scheme is used to update the motion of the curvature front instead of solving partial differential equations. Experiments have been carried out on extraction of surface slick features from ERS-2 SAR images to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed fast level set method.
Can feral weeds evolve from cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus, Brassicaceae)?
Authors: Campbell Lesley G. , Snow Allison A.
Published: February 2009

Cultivated plants that cannot survive on their own often have maladaptive domestication traits. Unharvested crop seeds may generate feral populations, at times causing serious weed problems, but little is known about the evolution of ferality. We explored the potential for cultivated radish, Raphanus sativus, to become feral, given that closely related taxa (e.g., R. raphanistrum and crop–wild hybrids) are well‐documented weeds. First, we measured the population growth of five experimental, cultivated, self‐seeding radish populations in Michigan, USA, for three generations. Three late‐flowering populations went extinct, and two others apparently hybridized with local R. raphanistrum. A common garden experiment showed that the two surviving populations had earlier flowering, smaller root diameters, and greater individual fecundity than did nonhybridized populations. We also used artificial selection to measure the evolutionary potential for earlier flowering. After two generations of strong selection, two of three lineages flowered earlier and produced more seeds than control lineages, but insufficient genetic variation prevented dramatic evolution of crop phenotypes. In summary, it seems unlikely that radishes could spontaneously become feral in our study area without gene flow from R. raphanistrum. Applying these approaches to other cultivated species may provide a better understanding of mechanisms promoting the evolution of feral weeds.
Limitations within “The Limits to Tree Height”1
Authors: Netting Andrew G.
Published: February 2009

Koch et al. (Nature 428: 851–854) measured various parameters that were thought to limit the height of Sequoia sempervirens from northern California and concluded that the maximum height for this species is 122–130 m because within this range: (1) Irreversible embolism formation was proposed to occur when the xylem pressure was less than −1.9 MPa. (2) The leaf mass to area ratio exponentially approached 833 g×m−2. (3) The discrimination against 13CO2 exponentially approached −20. (4) Light‐saturated photosynthesis per unit leaf mass decreased to zero, indicating no net gain in leaf biomass. These conclusions are questioned here by reassessing the assumed limits to the biophysical parameters and by reexamining the proposed linear and exponential relationships between these parameters and tree height. It is concluded that: (1) Embolism repair mechanisms could have occurred at −2.7 MPa. (2) The leaf mass to area ratio could be a result of, rather than a determinant of, the large differential between cellular turgor and the xylem pressure. (3) The discrimination against 13CO2 may show two populations of foliage with apparent linear relationships with height rather than one exponential relationship. (4) The light‐saturated photosynthesis per unit leaf mass as a measure of biomass investment in leaf expansion excludes investment in branch and trunk wood. As a result, tree height may be limited by a long‐term balance between dieback and continued growth.
The adaptive value of cued seed dispersal in desert plants: Seed retention and release in Mammillaria pectinifera (Cactaceae), a small globose cactus
Authors: Peters Edward M. , Martorell Carlos , Ezcurra Exequiel
Published: February 2009

Serotiny, or delayed seed dispersal, is common in fluctuating environments because it hedges the risks of establishment. Mammillaria pectinifera (Cactaceae) facultatively expels fruits in the year they are produced or retains them to disperse the seed over several years. We tested whether M. pectinifera increased fruit expulsion as a response to increased rainfall. While no fruit expulsion was observed in 1997, a dry year, in the wetter 1998 around 20% of all fruits formed were expelled from the maternal plant. A greenhouse experiment showed that high moisture results in the plants expelling all their fruits. Because in 1998 establishment was five times higher than in 1997, this response seems to be highly adaptive: Active fruit expulsion and consequent seed release increases the probability of establishment during pulses of high precipitation.
A response to: Limitations within “The Limits to Tree Height”
Authors: Koch George W. , Sillett Stephen C.
Published: February 2009

Here we respond to the communication in American Journal of Botany (96: 542–544 in this issue) by Netting, who proposes several ways in which our paper “The Limits to Tree Height” (Nature 428: 851–854) may have erred in estimating the biophysical limits to height growth in Sequoia sempervirens. We first explain that because embolism repair requires long time periods and is generally incomplete, xylem vulnerability characteristics offer a sound basis for estimating performance limits in woody plants. We reaffirm our earlier use of vertical gradients of foliar carbon isotope composition with new data for S. sempervirens. We support these arguments with reference to studies in other tree species. We take exception with Netting's view that the turgor pressure–cell expansion relationship for Zea mays is applicable to S. sempervirens. Finally, we second Netting's call for more work on carbon allocation vis a vis height growth limits.
La estela de Cajal en América
Authors: Dosil Mancilla Francisco Javier
Published: February 2009

En el presente trabajo se aborda la proyección que tuvo la escuela histológica de Cajal en México. En primer lugar, se analiza la atención que despertó en los científicos mexicanos el renacer de la ciencia española y en particular los trabajos de la escuela cajaliana. Se estudia también el papel que desempeñó en su difusión Tomás Gutiérrez Perrín, histólogo vallisoletano afincado en México, discípulo de Cajal y catedrático de Histología en la Escuela Nacional de Medicina. Finalmente, se valora la contribución de los exiliados republicanos, entre los que figuran varios discípulos de Cajal, como Isaac Costero y Dionisio Nieto, quienes al reanudar sus investigaciones histopatológicas y neuropsiquiátricas en México, dieron continuidad en este país a la prestigiosa escuela de Cajal.
De isla en isla: los españoles exiliados en República Dominicana, Puerto Rico y Cuba
Authors: Naranjo Orovio Consuelo , Puig-Samper Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2009

Por ese mar salpicado de islas, que es el Caribe, navegaron los refugiados españoles en busca de su destino. Dictando conferencias, impartiendo cursos o participando en exposiciones y congresos, los profesionales republicanos fueron asiduos de las tres Antillas hispanas, Santo Domingo, y desde allí a Puerto Rico y a Cuba, unas veces en tránsito, como invitados temporales, y otras huyendo a un exilio mejor; sus vidas recogen un capítulo del peregrinar de este grupo de intelectuales. Las cartas nos hablan de sus viajes, de sus vidas y de sus clases, nos relatan sus emociones y confidencias, y nos trasladan a esos mares que convirtieron en propios.
Transterrados y emigrados: una interpretación sociopolítica del exilio gallego en 1936
Authors: Núñez Seixas Xosé M. , Farías Ruy
Published: February 2009

El artículo pretende ofrecer una visión general del exilio gallego, principalmente en América, desde 1936, incidiendo en sus características diferenciales y peculiares con respecto al conjunto del exilio republicano español. Se pasa revista, así, al peso de la imbricación entre exilio y emigración masiva, así como a las diferentes dinámicas de integración social y de interacción entre los exiliados y las colectividades de emigrantes gallegos que tuvieron lugar en los principales países de acogida.
La guerra de 1895 en Cuba y sus consecuencias
Authors: Tarragó Rafael E.
Published: February 2009

El 24 de febrero de 1895 la mayor parte de los habitantes de Cuba no deseaba una guerra de independencia, porque se acababa de votar en el parlamento de Madrid por reformas liberalizantes para la isla. La reacción del gobierno de Antonio Cánovas del Castillo a la insurrección iniciada en Cuba en esa fecha fue no implementar las reformas y tratar a todos los cubanos como insurrectos. En 1896 Cánovas envió al general Weyler a Cuba, quien logró frenar el avance de los insurrectos, pero la reconcentración de los campesinos en centros urbanos que este decretó para privar de su apoyo a los insurrectos causó miles de muertes por hambre y enfermedad y en los Estados Unidos la opinión pública comenzó a favorecer la intervención en Cuba, acción aconsejada por expansionistas como el Cónsul General de los Estados Unidos en La Habana, Fitzhugh Lee. La guerra comenzada en 1895 para la independencia de Cuba tuvo como consecuencias la guerra de los Estados Unidos con España y su transformacion en una potencia global al apropiarse de las colonias españolas en Asia y América en 1898.
What Is Hepatitis D Infection?
Authors: Voelker Rebecca
Published: April 2024

This JAMA Patient Page describes hepatitis D infection and its risk factors, outcomes of acute and chronic infection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
The Role for Policy in AI-Assisted Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Newman-Toker David E. , Sharfstein Joshua M.
Published: April 2024

This JAMA Forum discusses the promise and pitfalls of using large language models and artificial intelligence (AI) in the diagnosis of patients.
Allogeneic CD19/CD22 CAR T-Cell Therapy for B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Phely Laurent , Hensen Luca , Faul Christoph , Ruff Christer Alexander , Schneider Dina , Bethge Wolfgang Andreas , Lengerke Claudia
Published: April 2024

This case series reports durable remissions in 2 patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with allogeneic bispecific CD19/CD22-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
Facial Swelling After External Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Herod Tyler , Darwich Rami , Hussain Ahsen
Published: April 2024

A 67-year-old woman underwent elective external dacryocystorhinostomy to treat symptomatic nasolacrimal duct obstruction and developed persistent cervicofacial swelling and ecchymoses of the eyelids and cheek. Head computed tomography revealed extensive emphysema throughout the soft tissues of the face and neck. What would you do next?
Liquid–Solid Triboelectric Probes for Bubbles Status Monitoring
Authors: Luo Bin , Wang Xinyue , Liu Tao , Cai Chenchen , Liu Yanhua , Zhang Song , Chi Mingchao , Gao Cong , Wang Jinlong , Liu Zhaomeng , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi
Published: April 2024

Bubble status monitoring is essential for designing material nanostructures and optimizing industrial processes. However, tracking the fluid dynamics of bubbles is challenging due to their random distribution and irregular dynamic changes. In this study, a tube liquid–solid triboelectric nanogenerator serves as a probe to investigate bubbles at the liquid–solid interface. The study explores the impact of bubble fluid dynamics on liquid–solid contact electrification, examining variables such as flow rates, volumes, and release intervals of bubbles. The study demonstrates that the liquid–solid triboelectric probe can work as a non‐intrusive and self‐powered sensor for monitoring bubble states in chemical fluid control. The sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 13.2 V·cm−3, a signal‐bubble volume correlation coefficient of 0.9964, and a rapid response time of 0.15 s. The sensor, integrated with a wireless module, enables continuous remote detection. This work provides a valuable tool for investigating tri‐phase contact electrification dynamics and presents promising technology for bubble state monitoring.
Synergy of Ni Nanoclusters and Single Atom Site: Size Effect on the Performance of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction and Rechargeable Zn−CO2 Batteries
Authors: Miao Kanghua , Qin Jundi , Yang Jun , Kang Xiongwu
Published: April 2024

The design of bifunctional electrocatalysts toward reduction reaction of carbon dioxide (ECO2RR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in aqueous rechargeable Zn─CO2 batteries (ZABs) still poses a significant challenge. Herein, Ni clusters (Nix) of 0.5 and 0.8 nm in diameter coupled with single Ni site (Ni−N4−C), denoted as Ni−N4/Ni5 and Ni−N4/Ni8, respectively, are synthesized and the size effect of Ni nanoclusters are studied. Ni−N4/Ni5 exhibits an ≈100% Faradaic efficiency (FECO) toward ECO2RR for CO from −0.4 to −0.8 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, superior to that of Ni−N4−C (FECO = 55.0%) and Ni−N4/Ni8 (FECO = 80.0%). The OER performance of Ni−N4/Ni5 and Ni−N4/Ni8 are superior or comparable to that of commercial RuO2 but outperform that of Ni−N4−C. Theoretical calculation indicates that *COOH of ECO2RR intermediates bond synergistically with Nix clusters and Ni−N4−C single atom site, promoting the activation of CO2 and reducing the energy barrier of the potential determining step of ECO2RR. Such effect is strongly size‐dependent and larger Nix nanoclusters result in too strong binding of *COOH intermediates, impede the formation of *CO. As a bifunctional cathode electrocatalyst of rechargeable alkaline aqueous ZABs, Ni−N4/Ni5 exhibits a peak power density of 11.7 mW cm−2 and cycling durability over 1200 cycles and 420 h.
Embracing Remote Fields as the Fourth Dimension of Tissue Biofabrication
Authors: Anand Shivesh , Müller Christoph Alexander , Nørrehvedde Jensen Bjarke , Chen Menglin
Published: April 2024

Biomodulation facilitated by external remote fields, such as those generated by magnetic, optical, and acoustic stimuli, has emerged as an intriguing avenue for tissue biofabrication, owing to their precision and non‐invasive characteristics. The active modulation of 3D tissue structures through cellular signaling transductions, encompassing thermo‐, mechano‐, and electro‐transduction, has proven highly effective in inducing spatiotemporally controlled, 4D compositional and functional tissue maturation. This review aims to highlight the current progress and unveil the underlying mechanisms achieved with these leadless strategies. Additionally, it addresses existing challenges and opportunities associated with these distinct approaches. Finally, with a few new directions briefly outlined, it unfolds future perspectives for their continual advancement.
High‐Quality Additive‐Free α‐FAPbI3 Film Fabricated by Alkane/Nanocrystals Method and Surface Chemistry Modulation for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Wang Jiafeng , Xiu Jinwei , Zheng Guanhaojie , He Dong , Gao Han , Chen Zhenhua , Li Zhaoning , Chen Guocong , Zhang Xusheng , Ma Guoqiang , Slater Peter Raymond , He Zhubing
Published: April 2024

It's still a scientific issue to synthesize exotic amines‐free and pure‐phase FAPbI3 film because most FAPbI3 films are synthesized by adding MACl‐like exotic amines salts in their precursor solution to reduce the phase transition barrier. In this work, high‐quality and additive‐free phase‐pure α‐FAPbI3 films are successfully fabricated via the sustainable Alkane/Nanocrystals method. FAPbI3 nanocrystals (NCs) are performed as the heterogeneous nuclei to promote the nucleation and crystallization of FAPbI3 films. Cryogenic‐TEM and in situ GIWAXS evidence the seed function and interesting phase evolution of FAPbI3 NCs. The whole phase transition course of pure FAPbI3 film is systematically studied. IR‐AFM and ToF‐SIMS reveal ligands capped on NCs are extruded to the film surface. PbAc‐IPA solution treating the film surface can effectively wash off the surplus ligands at the surface and modulate the surface chemistry and energy levels. As a result, an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.45% is achieved for MA‐free pure α‐FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs), as well as the best light‐soaking stability record of retaining 95% of the initial PCE after 800 h. This work paves a new way to fabricate MA‐free pure α‐FAPbI3 PSCs.
CsPbBr3/Porous‐SiO2 Composite Film for Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kim Bong Woo , Noh Heejin , Kim Kyung Ho , Lim Hyeonji , Yu Taekyung , Im Sang Hyuk
Published: April 2024

This study aims to enhance the performance of inorganic perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) by incorporating porous silica (p‐SiO2) to fabricate perovskite‐composite films for electroluminescence (EL) devices. This is because, in addition to the inorganic perovskite material, composites with inherently stable materials are needed for perovskite to ensure additional external stability. The introduced p‐SiO2 particles impede the crystal growth of perovskite during the anti‐solvent assisted crystallization process, resulting in the formation of smaller CsPbBr3 crystals in the CsPbBr3/p‐SiO2 composite film. Accordingly, compared to previous CsPbBr3 films, this composite film exhibits two folds with higher photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) due to improved crystalline formation. Surprisingly, the CsPbBr3/p‐SiO2 composite film additionally has good water‐resistant properties because the residual cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) molecules are extracted from the p‐SiO2 particles and are oriented at the top surface of the CsPbBr3/p‐SiO2 composite film. The EL device fabricated with this composite film exhibits outstanding luminescence efficiency, with a current efficiency (CE) of 70.06 cd A−1 and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.97%, surpassing control samples by two folds of magnitude. Furthermore, the operational stability improves approximately sevenfold compared to the control, presenting a promising strategy for advancing the field of inorganic perovskite ELs.
Xenon Nanobubbles and Residual Defects in Annealed Xe‐Implanted Si(001): Analysis by the Combination of Advanced Synchrotron X‐Ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy Techniques
Authors: Calligaris Guilherme A. , Lang Rossano , Bettini Jefferson , dos Santos Adenilson O. , Cardoso Lisandro P.
Published: April 2024

Residual crystalline defects on the subsurface of Xe‐implanted Si(001) and post‐annealed substrates are investigated by advanced X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Local characterization highlights the features of recrystallization and structural evolution induced by thermal treatments resulting from the formation of gaseous Xe nanobubbles embedded in a heavily twinned surrounding Si matrix. Both mappings of conventional reciprocal space and X‐ray multiple‐beam diffraction exhibited different aspects from the kinematical and dynamical X‐ray theories, respectively, contributing to a better understanding and description approach of residual damage in ion‐beam implanted materials. A simple layered model is proposed based on the experimental Q‐Scans profiles and computational calculations, distinguishing host matrix structural strain artifacts from the Xe‐bubbles pressure probed by a Xe M4,5‐edge blue shift in EELS spectra. Bubble pressure is determined by extrapolating the equation of state for xenon at high temperatures. The study also supports an experimental constantCXeM‐edgefor the ∆E≅C ntheoretical expression.
Iridium‐Catalysed C(sp3)−H Activation and Hydrogen Isotope Exchange via Nitrogen‐Based Carbonyl Directing Groups
Authors: Knight Nathan M. L. , Thompson James D. F. , Parkinson John A. , Lindsay David M. , Tuttle Tell , Kerr William J.
Published: April 2024

Growing interest in improved structural diversity within the pharmaceutical industry has led to a focus on more sp3‐rich drug frameworks. Meanwhile, spiralling pharmaceutical research and development costs continue to require expedited adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity studies, which are heavily reliant on the use of molecules incorporating deuterium and tritium. Herein, we report an iridium catalyzed C(sp3)−H activation and hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) methodology capable of utilizing pharmaceutically ubiquitous nitrogen‐based carbonyl directing groups. High levels of deuterium incorporation (>80% in 37 of the examples) are demonstrated across a range of substrates (5‐, 6‐, and 7‐membered lactams, cyclic carbamates and ureas, acyclic amides), with tolerance of a range of common functional groups (aryl, alkoxy, halogen, ester, alcohol, sulfonamide) and predictable regioselectivity. The applicability of this methodology was demonstrated with up to 98% deuterium incorporation observed in a range of challenging bioactive molecules such as Nefiracetam, Praziquantel, and Unifiram. Density functional theory has provided mechanistic insight into the C−H activation and HIE at both the expected site of incorporation and an unexpected aryl labelling via a 7‐membered metallocyclic intermediate.
Fast Finite‐Time Dynamic Surface Synchronization Control for Telerobotics System with Prescribed Performance
Authors: Li Hang , Chou Wusheng
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on the fast finite‐time synchronization control problem for nonlinear telerobotics system with asymmetric time‐vary delays and uncertainties. A finite‐time prescribed performance function is incorporated into the backstepping control framework such that the synchronization error will remain within a predefined funnel boundary. To increase the rate of convergence, the selected error transformation function is a arctangent function. The utilization of dynamic surface control method aims to decrease computational complexity by mitigating the need for repetitive differentiation of virtual signals in the conventional backstepping algorithm. In the meantime, the non‐power approximate signals of fuzzy neural network algorithms are utilized to replace the system uncertainties, effectively addressing the passivity issue associated with time‐delayed channels. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results are present to verify that the synchronization error can converge to a small neighborhood around zero in the fast finite time and the closed‐loop system remains stable.
Palm‐Sized Lab‐In‐A‐Magnetofluidic Tube Platform for Rapid and Sensitive Virus Detection
Authors: Li Ziyue , Zhang Shuo , Zhang Jiongyu , Avery Lori , Banach David , Zhao Hui , Liu Changchun
Published: April 2024

Simple, sensitive, and accurate molecular diagnostics are critical for preventing rapid spread of infection and initiating early treatment of diseases. However, current molecular detection methods typically rely on extensive nucleic acid sample preparation and expensive instrumentation. Here, a simple, fully integrated, lab‐in‐a‐magnetofluidic tube (LIAMT) platform is presented for “sample‐to‐result” molecular detection of virus. By leveraging magnetofluidic transport of micro/nano magnetic beads, the LIAMT device integrates viral lysis, nucleic acid extraction, isothermal amplification, and CRISPR detection within a single engineered microcentrifuge tube. To enable point‐of‐care molecular diagnostics, a palm‐sized processor is developed for magnetofluidic separation, nucleic acid amplification, and visual fluorescence detection. The LIAMT platform is applied to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 and HIV viruses, achieving a detection sensitivity of 73.4 and 63.9 copies µL−1, respectively. Its clinical utility is further demonstrated by detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 and HIV in clinical samples. This simple, affordable, and portable LIAMT platform holds promise for rapid and sensitive molecular diagnostics of infectious diseases at the point‐of‐care.
Tackling Energy Loss in Organic Solar Cells via Volatile Solid Additive Strategy
Authors: Xiang Huimin , Sun Fengbo , Zheng Xufan , Gao Bowen , Zhu Panpan , Cong Tingting , Li Yuda , Wang Xunchang , Yang Renqiang
Published: April 2024

The energy loss induced open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit hampers the rapid development of state‐of‐the‐art organic solar cells (OSCs), therefore, it is extremely urgent to explore effective strategies to address this issue. Herein, a new volatile solid additive 1,4‐bis(iodomethyl)cyclohexane (DIMCH) featured with concentrated electrostatic potential distribution is utilized to act as a morphology‐directing guest to reduce energy loss in multiple state‐of‐art blend system, leading to one of highest efficiency (18.8%) at the forefront of reported binary OSCs. Volatile DIMCH decreases radiative/non‐radiative recombination induced energy loss (ΔE2/ΔE3) by rationally balancing the crystallinity of donors and acceptors and realizing homogeneous network structure of crystal domain with reduced D–A phase separation during the film formation process and weakens energy disorder and trap density in OSCs. It is believed that this study brings not only a profound understanding of emerging volatile solid additives but also a new hope to further reduce energy loss and improve the performance of OSCs.
Cognitively healthy centenarians are genetically protected against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tesi Niccolo’ , van der Lee Sven , Hulsman Marc , van Schoor Natasja M. , Huisman Martijn , Pijnenburg Yolande , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Reinders Marcel , Holstege Henne
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence increases with age, yet a small fraction of the population reaches ages > 100 years without cognitive decline. We studied the genetic factors associated with such resilience against AD.

METHODS

Genome‐wide association studies identified 86 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AD risk. We estimated SNP frequency in 2281 AD cases, 3165 age‐matched controls, and 346 cognitively healthy centenarians. We calculated a polygenic risk score (PRS) for each individual and investigated the functional properties of SNPs enriched/depleted in centenarians.

RESULTS

Cognitively healthy centenarians were enriched with the protective alleles of the SNPs associated with AD risk. The protective effect concentrated on the alleles in/near ANKH, GRN, TMEM106B, SORT1, PLCG2, RIN3, and APOE genes. This translated to >5‐fold lower PRS in centenarians compared to AD cases (P = 7.69 × 10−71), and 2‐fold lower compared to age‐matched controls (P = 5.83 × 10−17).

DISCUSSION

Maintaining cognitive health until extreme ages requires complex genetic protection against AD, which concentrates on the genes associated with the endolysosomal and immune systems.

Highlights

Cognitively healthy cent enarians are enriched with the protective alleles of genetic variants associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The protective effect is concentrated on variants involved in the immune and endolysosomal systems.

Combining variants into a polygenic risk score (PRS) translated to > 5‐fold lower PRS in centenarians compared to AD cases, and ≈ 2‐fold lower compared to middle‐aged healthy controls.
Tailoring Zirconia Supported Intermetallic Platinum Alloy via Reactive Metal‐Support Interactions for High‐Performing Fuel Cells
Authors: Lin Zijie , Sathishkumar Nadaraj , Xia Yu , Li Shenzhou , Liu Xuan , Mao Jialun , Shi Hao , Lu Gang , Wang Tanyuan , Wang Hsing‐Lin , Huang Yunhui , Elbaz Lior , Li Qing
Published: April 2024

Developing efficient and anti‐corrosive oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is of great importance for the applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we report a novel approach to prepare metal oxides supported intermetallic Pt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) via the reactive metal‐support interaction (RMSI) as ORR catalysts, using Ni‐doped cubic ZrO2 (Ni/ZrO2) supported L10−PtNi NPs as a proof of concept. Benefiting from the Ni migration during RMSI, the oxygen vacancy concentrations in the support are increased, leading to an electron enrichment of Pt. The optimal L10−PtNi−Ni/ZrO2−RMSI catalyst achieves remarkably low mass activity (MA) loss (17.8 %) after 400,000 accelerated durability test cycles in a half‐cell and exceptional PEMFC performance (MA=0.76 A mgPt−1 at 0.9 V, peak power density=1.52/0.92 W cm−2 in H2−O2/−air, and 18.4 % MA decay after 30,000 cycles), representing the best reported Pt‐based ORR catalysts without carbon supports. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that L10−PtNi−Ni/ZrO2−RMSI requires a lower energetic barrier for ORR than L10−PtNi−Ni/ZrO2 (direct loading), which is ascribed to a decreased Bader charge transfer between Pt and *OH, and the improved stability of L10−PtNi−Ni/ZrO2−RMSI compared to L10−PtNi−C can be contributed to the increased adhesion energy and Ni vacancy formation energy within the PtNi alloy.
Photoinduzierte Ruthenium‐katalysierte C−H Arylierungspolymerisation bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Michiyuki Takuya , Maksso Isaac , Ackermann Lutz
Published: April 2024

Die Übergangsmetall‐katalysierte C−H Arylierungspolymerisation (CHAP) ist eine attraktive Strategie, um π‐konjugierte Polymere auf nachhaltige Weise herzustellen. Die bekannten Methoden beruhen in erster Linie auf der Palladiumkatalyse, die in der Regel harsche Reaktionsbedingungen und Verzweigungen/Quervernetzungen mit sich bringen. Hier berichten wir über das erste Beispiel einer Ruthenium‐katalysierten C−H Arylierungspolymerisation bei Raumtemperatur, die durch Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht induziert wird. Die vorliegende Polymerisation kann verschiedene meta‐ und para‐verknüpfte Polymere in hervorragenden Ausbeuten mit hohen zahlenmittleren molaren Massen herstellen. Das bemerkenswerte Merkmal unserer milden Reaktionsstrategie ist die hohe Chemoselektivität, die zu Polymeren führt, die unter herkömmlichen Reaktionsbedingungen bei hohen Temperaturen nicht zugänglich sind.
Efficient Ultraviolet Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Zero‐Dimensional Hybrid Cerium Bromides
Authors: Li Chen , Wei Yi , Zhang Yan , Luo Zhishan , Liu Yulian , He Meiying , Quan Zewei
Published: April 2024

Ultraviolet circularly polarized luminescence (UV‐CPL) with high photon energy shows great potential in polarized light sources and stereoselective photopolymerization. However, developing luminescent materials with high UV‐CPL performance remains challenging. Here, we report a pair of rare earth Ce3+‐based zero‐dimensional (0D) chiral hybrid metal halides (HMHs), R/S‐(C14H24N2)2CeBr7, which exhibits characteristic UV emissions derived from the Ce 5d–4f transition. The compounds show simultaneously high photoluminescent quantum yields of (32–39)% and large luminescent dissymmetry factor (|glum|) values of (1.3–1.5)×10−2. Thus, the figures of merits of R/S‐(C14H24N2)2CeBr7 are calculated to be (4.5–5.8)×10−3, which are superior to the reported UV‐CPL emissive materials. Additionally, nearly 91 % of their PL intensities at 300 K can be well preserved at 380 K (LED operating temperature) without phase transition or decomposition, demonstrating the excellent structural and optical thermal stabilities of R/S‐(C14H24N2)2CeBr7. Based on these enantiomers, the fabricated UV‐emitting CP‐LEDs exhibit high polarization degrees of ±1.0 %. Notably, the UV‐CPL generated from the devices can significantly trigger the enantioselective photopolymerization of diacetylene with remarkable stereoselectivity, and consequently yield polymerized products with the anisotropy factors of circular dichroism (gCD) up to ±3.9×10−2, outperforming other UV‐CPL materials and demonstrating their great potential as UV‐polarized light sources.
Isothermal Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals Driven by Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
Authors: Martínez Daniel , Schlossarek Tim , Würthner Frank , Soberats Bartolome
Published: April 2024

The dynamic nature of calamitic liquid crystals is exploited to perform isothermal phase transitions driven by dynamic covalent chemistry. For this purpose, nematic (N) arrays based on aldehyde 1 were treated with different amines (A–E) in an on‐surface process, which resulted in different isothermal phase transitions. These phase transformations were caused by in situ imination reactions and are dependent on the nature of the added amine. Transitions from the N to crystal (1A, 1E), isotropic (1B), and smectic (Sm) (1C, 1D) phases were achieved, while the resulting materials feature thermotropic liquid crystal behavior. A sequential transformation from the N 1 to the Sm 1C and then to the N 1B was achieved by coupling an imination to a transimination processes and adjusting the temperature. All of these processes were well characterized by microscopic, spectroscopic, and X‐ray techniques, unlocking not only the constitutional but also the structural aspects of the phase transitions. This work provides new insights into designing constitutionally and structurally adaptable liquid crystal systems, paving the way toward the conception of programable evolutive pathways and adaptive materials.
Linkage Engineering in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Metal‐Free Electrocatalytic C2H4 Production from CO2
Authors: Xiao Yang , Lu Jie , Chen Kean , Cao Yuliang , Gong Chengtao , Ke Fu‐Sheng
Published: April 2024

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce ethylene (C2H4) is conducive to sustainable development of energy and environment. At present, most electrocatalysts for C2H4 production are limited to the heavy metal copper, meanwhile, achieving metal‐free catalysis remains a challenge. Noted piperazine with sp3 N hybridization is beneficial to CO2 capture, but CO2RR performance and mechanism have been lacking. Herein, based on linkage engineering, we construct a novel high‐density sp3 N catalytic array via introducing piperazine into the crystalline and microporous aminal‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Thanks to its high sp3 N density, strong CO2 capture capacity and great hydrophilicity, aminal‐linked COF successfully achieves the conversion of CO2 to C2H4 with a Faraday efficiency up to 19.1 %, which is stand out in all reported metal‐free COF electrocatalysts. In addition, a series of imine‐linked COFs are synthesized and combined with DFT calculations to demonstrate the critical role of sp3 N in enhancing the kinetics of CO2RR. Therefore, this work reveals the extraordinary potential of linkage engineering in COFs to break through some catalytic bottlenecks.
Considerable Piezochromism in All‐Inorganic Zero‐Dimensional Perovskite Nanocrystals via Pressure‐Modulated Self‐Trapped Exciton Emission
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Yang Songrui , Shi Yue , Fu Yuan , Wang Kai , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo
Published: April 2024

Piezochromic materials refer to a class of matters that alter their photoluminescence (PL) colors in response to the external stimuli, which exhibit promising smart applications in anti‐counterfeiting, optoelectronic memory and pressure‐sensing. However, so far, most reported piezochromic materials have been confined to organic materials or hybrid materials containing organic moieties with limited piezochromic range of less than 100 nm in visible region. Here, we achieved an intriguing piezochromism in all‐inorganic zero‐dimensional (0D) Cs3Cu2Cl5 nanocrystals (NCs) with a considerable piezochromic range of 232 nm because of their unique inorganic rigid structure. The PL energy shifted from the lowest‐energy red fluorescence (1.85 eV) to the highest‐energy blue fluorescence (2.83 eV), covering almost the entire visible wavelength range. Pressure‐modulated self‐trapped exciton emission between different energy levels of self‐trapped states within Cs3Cu2Cl5 NCs was the main reason for this piezochromism property. Note that the quenched emission, which is over five times more intense than that in the initial state, is retained under ambient conditions upon decompression. This work provides a promising pressure indicating material, particularly used in pressure stability monitoring for equipment working at extreme environments.
Discovery of (±)‐Penindolenes Reveals an Unusual Indole Ring Cleavage Pathway Catalyzed by P450 Monooxygenase
Authors: Meng Ling‐Hong , Awakawa Takayoshi , Li Xiao‐Ming , Quan Zhiyang , Yang Sui‐Qun , Wang Bin‐Gui , Abe Ikuro
Published: April 2024

(±)‐Penindolenes A−D (1–4), the first representatives of indole terpenoids featuring a γ‐lactam skeleton, were isolated from the mangrove‐derived endophytic fungus Penicillium brocae MA‐231. Our bioactivity tests revealed their potent antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The biosynthetic reactions by the five enzymes PbaABCDE leading to γ‐lactam ring formation were identified with heterologous expression and in vitro enzymatic assays. Remarkably, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase PbaB and its homolog in Aspergillus oryzae catalyzed the 2,3‐cleavage of the indole ring to generate two keto groups in 1. This is the first example of the oxidative cleavage of indole by a P450 monooxygenase. In addition, rare secondary amide bond formation by the glutamine synthetase‐like enzyme PbaD was reported. These findings will contribute to the engineered biosynthesis of unnatural, bioactive indole terpenoids.
A novel hydroxyl‐rich polyvinyl alcohol hot‐melt adhesive with excellent ultra‐low temperature adhesion and reusability
Authors: Li Shiwen , Zhang Heng , Liu Ziming , Cheng Jian , Li Huayi , Yan Chao
Published: April 2024

Ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) hot‐melt adhesives featured good thermal stability, strong weather resistance and fast bonding speed, are of great concern to the industry and engineering fields. However, the weak bond strength and poor reusability severely hinder their application under harsh conditions. Herein, the hydrolyzed EVA (EVOH) copolymers with rich hydroxyl groups are fabricated by an EVA hydrolysis reaction, and their mechanical properties, environmental adaptability, and reusability were systematically evaluated. As a result, the shear strengths measured by bonding the stainless steel plates can reach up to 16.4 MPa at room temperature (25°C) and 13.1 MPa at ultra‐low temperature (−196°C), indicating the good bonding performance of EVOH. Besides, owing to the excellent dynamic reversibility and thermal stability, it can obtain 92% of shear strength retention rate after 10 reuses, which is the highest value reported so far. In addition, the hydroxyl‐rich EVOH delivers good solvent and corrosion resistance that can be widely used for bonding various materials. Therefore, this research provide new lightspots for developing environmentally friendly hot‐melt adhesives with excellent bonding properties, corrosion resistance, and reusability.
Robust stability and stabilization of continuous‐discrete fractional‐order 2D Fornasini–Marchesini second model with interval uncertainties
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Lu Jun‐Guo
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the robust stability and stabilization problems of continuous‐discrete fractional‐order two‐dimensional Fornasini–Marchesini second model with interval uncertainties. Firstly, for the nominal model with fractional‐order
, the unified LMI‐based stability conditions are presented by general description of stable root‐clustering sets. Secondly, these stability conditions are transformed to be more tractable for stabilization, and the LMI/BMI‐based stabilization conditions are established via state feedback controllers. Meanwhile, one algorithm is proposed to solve the BMI‐based conditions. Thirdly, facing interval uncertainties in this model, the LMI‐based robust stability conditions and LMI/BMI‐based robust stabilization conditions are established. Lastly, two examples are given to show the validity of our robust stability and stabilization results.
Heating of millisecond pulsars by magnetic field decay
Authors: Geppert U.
Published: April 2024

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are believed to be very old neutron stars (NSs) whose age may exceed significantly  years. Although cooling scenarios of isolated NSs predict for that age a surface temperature  K, observations of the nearest MSP J0437‐4715 indicate well above that value. Besides the heating of the polar cap surface by backflowing charged particles, Joule heating in the crust can contribute to the overall heat budget of MSPs. Because the dipolar field component, derived from and measurements, is much too weak for remarkable heating, smaller‐scale structures should be analyzed to understand whether they can supply the demanded heat. For this purpose, we study the small‐scale field structure of radio pulsars. Magnetic field components, significantly stronger than the dipolar one, may exist especially at the surface of MSPs. We assign upper limits to the strength of single‐field components up to a multipolarity of and the corresponding deviations from axial symmetry . Arguments are provided that the decay of the small‐scale components with or of the crustal magnetic field may cause the relatively high surface temperature of isolated MSPs.
Novel Li‐Ion Battery Diagnostics; Detection of Redox Peaks Utilising Plasmonic Fibre Optic Sensors and Evaluation of Interference on Cell Function
Authors: Gardner Christopher , Langhammer Elin , Marsic Vlad , Fleming Joe , Roberts Alexander J. , Amietszajew Tazdin
Published: April 2024

In this study we demonstrate detection of redox peaks in Li‐ion pouch cells during cyclic voltammetry (CV), via the optical signal of plasmonic based fibre optic sensors placed inside Li‐ion pouch cells. The sensors are placed inside the pouch cells during manufacture, allowing diagnostic data to be obtained from directly inside the cells in real time. We further present data showing the battery cell remains agnostic to the presence of fibre optic sensors over repeated cycling through analysis of the formation cycles, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, coulombic efficiency data, capacity data and post‐mortem materials analysis. This study provides evidence of the utility of fibre optic based diagnostic sensors, and in particular the novel use of plasmonic based fibre optic sensors, as an in situ battery diagnostic technique and potential research tool to investigate battery cell phenomena.
Optimal Management for Primary High Grade Ta Bladder Cancer: Role of re‐staging TURBT and Intravesical Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: Ajami Tarek , Han Sunwoo , Blachman‐Braun Ruben , Hougen Helen Y. , Avda Yuval , Gonzalgo Mark L. , Nahar Bruno , Punnen Sanoj , Parekh Dipen J. , Reis Isildinha M. , Ritch Chad R.
Published: April 2024

Objective

This study aims to investigate the impact of risk group classification, restaging transurethral resection (re‐TURBT), and adjuvant treatment intensity on recurrence and progression risks in high‐grade Ta tumours in patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Materials and methods

Data from a comprehensive bladder cancer database were utilized for this study. Patients with primary high‐grade Ta tumours were included. Risk groups were classified according to AUA/SUO criteria. Tumour characteristics and patient demographics were analysed using descriptive statistics. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the effect of re‐TURBT and other clinical/treatment‐related predictors on recurrence‐ and progression‐free survivals. The survivals by selected predictors were estimated using Kaplan–Meier method, and groups were compared by the log‐rank test.

Results

Among 218 patients with high‐grade Ta bladder cancer, those who underwent re‐TURBT had significantly better 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (71.1% vs. 26.8%, p = 0.0009) and progression‐free survival (98.6% vs. 73%, p = 0.0018) compared with those with initial TURBT alone. Full BCG treatment (induction and maintenance) showed lower recurrence risk, especially in high‐risk patients. However, residual disease at re‐TURBT did not significantly affect recurrence risk.

Conclusions

This study highlights the significance of risk group classification, the role of re‐TURBT, and the intensity of adjuvant treatment in the management of high‐grade Ta tumours. A risk‐adapted model is crucial to reduce the burden of unnecessary intravesical treatment and endoscopic procedures.