bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O perfil urbano e o comportamento socioecononômico do DF
Authors: Ribeiro Rômulo José da Costa , Holanda Frederico Borges Rosa de , Romero Marta Adriana Bustos , Baptista Gustavo Macedo , Bias Edilson De Souza
Published: August 2016

A percepção espacial das situações urbanas torna-se fundamental para o melhor conhecimento da realidade, propiciando uma aplicação mais pontual e eficaz de políticas e instrumentos de política urbana. Compreender a dinâmica de ocupação de espaço urbano é fundamental para aplicação de ações que minimizem situações de risco e de tensão social. O presente trabalho visa estabelecer a correlação entre a exclusão/inclusão social e o perfil de ocupação urbana, como o intuito de compreender a distribuição socioeconômica da população à medida que se distancia do CBD (Central Business District). Utilizou-se como base espacial os setores censitários urbanos e os dados do Censo Demográfico Brasileiro de 2000. De acordo com Sposati (2000); Genovez (2002); Koga (2003); Ribeiro (2003), pode-se calcular
Frentes do urbano para a construção de indicadores de sustentabilidade intra urbana
Authors: Romero Marta Adriana Bustos
Published: August 2016

Urbanismo da Universidade de Brasília têm como objetivo a criação de indicadores de sustentabilidade intra-urbana e em especial dos espaços públicos – constituídos por ponderações de índices e atributos. Buscam aferir, os padrões de urbanização e as soluções adotadas no solo urbano – prosseguindo a reflexão já iniciada com desenvolvimento de referencial teórico para a construção do Urbanismo Sustentável como objeto científico. Um primeiro passo na construção de indicadores de índices é a explicitação da abordagem conceitual utilizada e, a possibilidade de transposição de escalas – do geral para o particular, da cidade para o bairro ou para o quarteirão, e deste para a cidade. Trabalhamos na construção do indicador intra-urbano composto por dois índices temáticos: Índice de qualidade de vida e Índice de qualidade do sistema ambiental, com o propósito de refletir de forma sintética uma preocupação social em relação ao meio ambiente e inseri-la coerentemente no processo de tomada de decisões. Quanto aos dados, eles são subdivididos em três grandes frentes do urbano: da Edificação(superfície fronteira - planos verticais); das Redes (fluxos, Base – planos horizontais); da Massa (Entorno – vegetação, água, construção, solo).
Construção de indicadores de eficiência hídrica urbana: desafio para a gestão ambiental urbana
Authors: Andrade Liza Maria Souza de , Romero Marta Adriana Bustos
Published: August 2016

A expansão urbana de baixas densidades tem como consequência a impermeabilização de uma parte significativa das unidades hidrográficas, a redução na capacidade de infiltração do solo e o aumento do consumo nas unidades habitacionais, causando distorções no movimento dos fluxos de água da bacia. Por outro lado, áreas de altas densidades têm taxa de permeabilidade menor. Conciliar, portanto, a questão das densidades urbanas com a questão do ciclo hidrológico é um dos desafios atuais para o planejamento do espaço urbano. Neste sentido, se faz necessário o estudo de instrumentos de gestão ambiental urbana, entre os quais destacamos os indicadores. Os indicadores ambientais urbanos existentes no Brasil estão relacionados ao sistema de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário das populações atendidas bem como à quantidade e qualidade da água. Não consideram a quantidade de recursos para manter um bom funcionamento do ciclo hidrológico indicando a porcentagem dos espaços impermeabilizados dentro da unidade hidrográfica e os efeitos para os ecossistemas. Visando contribuir nesta discussão, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os princípios que regem as ações integradas – drenagem, abastecimento de água, esgotamento sanitário, limpeza urbana, gestão de resíduos sólidos, uso do solo e legislação ambiental – que possam tangenciar os diferentes tipos de zoneamento de forma sistêmica por meio de um estudo dos princípios da gestão ecológica do ciclo da água e dos critérios ambientais adotados para a implantação de futuros Planos Diretores de Drenagem urbana – PDDUs para a construção de indicadores de sustentabilidade intra-urbana de eficiência hídrica. (esse período está bastante extenso e um pouco confuso. Vou pensar em algo para ele).
Construindo um sistema de indicadores de sustentabilidade intra-urbano associados à ventilação nos espaços públicos
Authors: Souza Valéria Morais Baldoino de , Romero Marta Adriana Bustos
Published: August 2016

A busca por indicadores de desempenho ambiental de sustentabilidade intra-urbana surge da necessidade de planejar a ocupação do solo considerando as condições climáticas do local e de estabelecer critérios de sustentabilidade. Almejando contribuir para a construção de indicadores de sustentabilidade intra-urbana, pesquisamos a ventilação dos espaços públicos associada ao desempenho ambiental.Indicadores de ventilação nos espaços urbanos contribuem como parâmetros para fazer diagnósticos, definir prioridades de atuação, elaborar projetos e programas, avaliar o desempenho de uma atividade e direcionar investimentos. Desta forma, eles subsidiam a tomada de decisões que levam em consideração o contexto urbano, aferindo de forma mais científica os padrões de urbanização, o que facilita futuras soluções.A ventilação natural é recomendada como importante estratégia de conforto térmico em regiões de clima quente e úmido e na estação quente do clima composto úmido, além de ser indispensável em qualquer clima para a renovação do ar (salubridade). Consideramos como atributos essenciais, os aspectos morfológicos urbanos, a massa edificada doentorno, a forma desta, sua dimensão e sua justaposição, elaborando parâmetros que visam à compreensão do complexo contexto urbano.
A iluminação natural como parâmetro de avaliação de desempenho ambiental em edificações aeroportuárias
Authors: Teixeira Marília Alves , Amorim Cláudia Naves David
Published: August 2016

O presente artigo pretende mostrar a importância da iluminação natural no projeto e avaliação de desempenho ambiental das edificações aeroportuárias, especificamente os Terminais de Passageiros. Estes, devido à sua complexidade, dimensões, às novas e crescentes demandas, e ainda ao fato de receber grande número de pessoas, têm cada vez exigências mais crescentes de conforto em seus ambientes. Para demonstrar essa importância foi utilizada a Matriz de Relacionamentos, ferramenta de um método de Avaliação de Desempenho Ambiental, que adota o uso de indicadores ambientais e tem como objetivo a melhoria contínua do desempenho ambiental das edificações com relação ao espaço físico e aos usuários (Zambrano, 2004). Neste método é atribuído um nível de relacionamento entre os Elementos da Edificação e os indicadores de Desempenho Ambiental que fazem parte da Matriz, a fim de verificar a influência da iluminação natural nas edificações aeroportuárias. Os resultados obtidos indicam os Indicadores Ambientais de maior destaque e que podem ser monitoradas nas fases de projeto, manutenção, uso e gestão destas edificações. São eles: qualidade do ar, ventilação e umidade; iluminação natural, artificial e acuidade visual; conforto higrotérmico e superaquecimento; consumo anual líquido de energia elétrica por operações do edifício; consumo energético (de fontes renováveis, exceto energia elétrica); conforto visual e lumínico. Verificou-se ainda que estes indicadores estão relacionados a saúde, conforto e energia no espaço interior, resultados que reforçam a importância da luz natural no sentido de minimizar o impacto ambiental dos edifícios, principalmente os de maior porte, como é o caso das edificações aeroportuárias.
Planejamento sustentável da expansão do extremo sul do campus da Universidade de Brasília
Authors: Romero Marta Adriana Bustos , Andrade Liza Maria Souza de , Faria Alberto Alves de
Published: August 2016

Este trabalho mostra os princípios de sustentabilidade adotados no desenho urbano da expansão do extremo sul do campus da UnB que abrigará o Parque Científico e Tecnológico. Partindo da análise de um conjunto de condicionantes ambientais o núcleo estruturador do desenho foi um fragmento de Cerrado almejando a conectividade entre fragmentos maiores, bem como técnicas de infraestrutura verde visando recuperar a ideia original de implantação de Brasília. Lembramos que o projeto original previa o acondicionamento da ocupação à topografia bem como às linhas de drenagem dentro da bacia do Lago Paranoá, distante do lago, para não comprometer a sustentabilidade hídrica da região. A configuração proposta utiliza técnicas de infraestrutura verde e pequenas praças tratadas bioclimaticamente ao longo dos canais de infiltração para reforçar o sentido de vizinhança, ciclovias, adensamento para diminuir os deslocamentos e localização de tipologias altas nas cotas superiores do terreno para não criar barreriras aos ventos predominantes.
Correlação entre o microclima e a configuração do espaço residencial de Brasília
Authors: Romero Marta Adriana Bustos
Published: August 2016

Brasília comemora 20 anos como cidade Patrimônio da HUmanidade com um alerta sobre o conforto e a sustentabilidade nas superquadras do Plano Piloto. Sob a ótica da sustentabilidade do espaço público, foram analisadas, no âmbito do Projeto CNPq/FAU/UNB "Urbanismo sustentável para reabilitação de áreas degradadas", quarenta e duas (42) superquadras, vinte e duas (22) na Asa Norte e vinte (20) na Asa Sul, das 120 existentes. A partir do exame do desempenho das estruturas urbanas e da relação entre os atributos do espaço urbano e o microclima, especialmente a relação W/H e os cânions urbanos, detectamos, a partir dos dados obtidos por medições e simulações, a formação de ilha de calor no espaço residencial. Os edifícios construídos a partir dos anos 90 estão alterando o microclima local. Edifícios mais largos, a descaracterização dos pilotis, a presença de apartamentos não vazados, de sacadas fechadas, a falta de brises, as fachadas espelhadas, e as ávores ornamentais que não fornecem sombra, todos eles elementos permitidos por lei, prejudicam o fluxo do vento e aumentam temperatura do ar.
Contribuições da vegetação nos microclimas urbanos de uma Superquadra do Plano Piloto de Brasília
Authors: Burgos Lorena Mileib , Romero Marta Adriana Bustos
Published: August 2016

O trabalho visa identificar a contribuição da vegetação nos microclimas urbanos. Para tanto utiliza o exemplo da Superquadra 108 sul do Plano Piloto de Brasília, que possui elevada ambiência de agradabilidade e conforto e representa exemplo acabado do conceito original de superquadra criado por Lúcio Costa. Foram analisados dentro deste espaço, três pontos representativos da distribuição da vegetação, com gradação crescente de porcentagem de áreas verdes, considerando a superfície dos materiais. A análise foi realizada em doisperíodos representativos para o clima de de Brasília, o período da seca (maio a setembro) e o período chuviso (outubro a março), por meio de medições em campo e simulações computacionais com o programa ENVI-met, modelo tridimensional que simula microclimas urbanos. Pelos dados encontrados, foi possível constatar a importância da arborização na amenização dos microclimas urbanosao diminuir de 52.84ºC para 28.74ºC a temperatura superficial de determinados materiais. Concluiu-se também que somente superfícies gramadas não resultam em melhorias sigficativas no conforto ambiental urbano no período da seca.
Impacto do desenho da malha viária na mobilidade urbana
Authors: Barros Ana Paula Borba Gonçalves , Martínez Luis Miguel Garrido , Viegas José Manuel Caré Baptista , Silva Paulo Cesar Marques da , Holanda Frederico Rosa Borges de
Published: August 2016

O artigo explora o desempenho de diferentes malhas viárias de modo a apresentar quais variáveis estão mais presentes em cada tipo de malha criando diretrizes para a composição de um índice de caminhabilidade. São utilizados três bairros de Lisboa como estudos de caso: (a) Campo de Ourique – cuja malha é regular – (b) Graça – caracterizado pela irregularidade – e (c) Telheiras – cujo desenho apresenta características contemporâneas. Verificou-se que a malha regular apresenta maior homogeneidade viária, menor índice de conversão e maior média de integração, enquanto a malha contemporânea apresentou o pior desempenho e a malha orgânica, por sua vez, uma posição intermediária.
Planos de mobilidade urbana: instrumento efetivo da política pública de mobilidade?
Authors: Lima Neto Vicente Correia , Galindo Ernesto Pereira
Published: August 2016

Os planos de mobilidade urbana são instrumentos de efetivação da política de mobilidade. O Estatuto da Cidade obriga o desenvolvimento desses planos para municípios acima de 500 mil habitantes. A partir da Lei nº 12.587/2012, a exigência passou a seguir os mesmos critérios usados para Planos Diretores Urbanos (municípios acima de 20 mil habitantes). Passados dez anos do Estatuto, observou-se, contudo, uma baixa execução nos municípios acima de 500 mil habitantes: apenas 13 dos 36 municípios alvo elaboraram planos de mobilidade. O artigo avalia esses resultados e os contrapõe com os investimentos do PAC/Mobilidade, destacando os desafios municipais nesse contexto.
Cyclists' Behaviour: identification of factors on commuting by bicycle
Authors: Andrade Kátia , Kagaya Seiichi
Published: August 2016

In Japan, cycling is a widely accepted transportation mode and often used for commuting or other purposes. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the reasons that motivate people to cycle, even though the Japanese transportation policies towards cycling are somewhat limited when compared to other countries with high cycling levels. Behavioural and statistical analyses are presented with a focus on unimodal commuting trips. In the behavioural analysis, commuters’ views on cycling are presented. In the statistical analysis, Nested Logit models are estimated to assess factors with strong influence on cycling. This paper contributes to further understanding the behaviour of active cyclists.
Definições formais de mobilidade e acessibilidade apoiadas na teoria de sistemas de Mario Bunge
Authors: Magalhães Marcos Thadeu Queiroz , Aragão Joaquim José Guilherme De , Yamashita Yaeko
Published: August 2016

Sobre o tema da mobilidade e acessibilidade, o foco dos pesquisadores tem estado demasiadamente voltado para aplicações práticas sem, contudo, atentar em desenvolver a teoria subjacente, resultando em conceitos inflados por definições confusas e vagas. Em meio a diversas acepções existentes para os termos Mobilidade e Acessibilidade, muita confusão emerge. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho propõe a formalização de uma definição para os dois conceitos, com vistas  a retirar a ambiguidade inerente à linguagem natural. Partindo da teoria de Mario Bunge e da reflexão sobre a natureza do Transporte, são propostas definições gerais formalizadas para as noções de acessibilidade e mobilidade, o que traz uma série de implicações para a pesquisa e desenvolvimento metodológico na área.
Recycling of Rolling Stocks
Authors: Silva Rafael Favoretto , Kaewunruen Sakdirat
Published: August 2016

This review paper presents the importance of recycling, nowadays, in our society. Firstly, it demonstrates that modern rolling stocks can be useful for this environmental benefit since almost all the materials involved in their composition can be recycled and reutilised. To begin with, a brief definition and concept of each type of train are discussed herein, accompanied by some demonstrative illustrations. Then, in order to explain better the component analyses, the recovery rates and the percentage of each material belonging to trains composition have been highlighted. In this way, an idea of the quantity of the materials that can be recycled was designed. Furthermore, the suitable end-of-life rail vehicles procedures are discussed, as well as the life cycle of the main materials in which both criteria take into account the environmental issues and the best and safest way to deal with them. Finally, this research reports more specifications about the applications of all the recycling processes involving those principal railway materials. The aim of this study is to make the manufacturers and industries aware of how rolling stock recycling can bring benefits to the environments and, consequently, to the society.
Characterization of Chemically-Induced Bacterial Ghosts (BGs) Using Sodium Hydroxide-Induced Vibrio parahaemolyticus Ghosts (VPGs)
Authors: Park Hyun Jung , Oh Sung , Vinod Nagarajan , Ji Seongmi , Noh Han Byul , Koo Jung Mo , Lee Su Hyeong , Kim Sei Chang , Lee Ki-Sung , Choi Chang Won
Published: August 2016

Acellular bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty non-living bacterial cell envelopes, commonly generated by controlled expression of the cloned lysis gene E of bacteriophage PhiX174. In this study, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ghosts (VPGs) were generated by chemically induced lysis and the method is based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), acetic acid, boric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. The MIC values of the respective chemicals were 3.125, 6.25, < 50.0, 25.0, 6.25, 1.56 and 0.781 mg/ml. Except boric acid, the lysis efficiency was reached more than 99.99% at 5 min after treatment of all chemicals. Among those chemicals, NaOH-induced VPGs showed completely DNA-free that was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Besides, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from the NaOH-induced VPGs showed no distinctive band on SDS-PAGE gel after silver staining. On the other hand, LPS extracted from wild-type bacterial cells as well as the organic acids-induced VPGs showed triple major bands and LPS extracted from the inorganic acids-induced VPGs showed double bands. It suggests that some surface structures in LPS of the NaOH-induced VPGs may be lost, weakened or modified by the MIC of NaOH. Nevertheless, Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay revealed that there is no significant difference in endotoxic activity between the NaOH-induced VPGs and wild-type bacterial cells. Macrophages exposed to the NaOH-induced VPGs at 0.5 × 106 CFU/mL showed cell viability of 97.9%, however the MIC of NaOH did not reduce the cytotoxic effect of wild-type bacterial cells. Like Escherichia coli LPS, the NaOH-induced VPGs are an excellent activator of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and iNOS), anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and dual activities (IL-6) in the stimulated macrophage cells. On the other hand, the induction of TNF-α mRNA was remarkable in the macrophages exposed with wild-type cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of trans-membrane lysis tunnel structures in the NaOH-induced VPGs. SDS-PAGE and agarose gel electrophoresis also confirmed that cytoplasmic proteins and genomic DNA released from the VPGs to culture medium through the lysis tunnel structures. Taken together, all these results indicated that the NaOH-induced VPGs show the potency of safe, economical and effective inactivated bacterial vaccine candidate.
Building Green Hotel, by Employee’s Green Awareness, Knowledge and Skill
Authors: Chen Chih-hung
Published: August 2016

There has been a growing awareness of the need to implement environmentally friendly operations in the hotel industry, but most studies focus on guest behaviors. Only a few studies investigate employees’ willingness to comply with hotels’ green practices. This study seeks to further the investigation from the human resource perspective. Using alumni from a tourism and hospitality programs, this study collected 233 responses. The study hypothesizes that the employees’ green ability consisting of environmental awareness, environmental knowledge, and environmental skill creates a positive impact on hotels’ green ability. The results indicate that employees contribute approximately a fifth of hotels’ ability to implement greener practices.
Explicit Formula for Average Run Length of Double Moving Control Chart for INAR(1) Processes
Authors: Phant Sukanya , Sukparungsee Saowanit , Areepong Yupaporn
Published: August 2016

Count data are used in many fields of practice, especially Poisson distribution as a popular choice for the marginal process distribution. If these counts exhibit serial dependence, a popular approach is to use a Poisson INAR(1) model to describe the autocorrelation structure of process. In this paper, the explicit formulas are proposed to evaluate performance characteristics of Double Moving Average control chart (DMA) for Integer valued autoregressive of serial dependence Poisson process. The characteristics of the control chart are frequently measured as Average Run Length (ARL) which means that the average of observations are taken before a system is signaled to be out-of-control. These proposed explicit formulas of ARL are simple and easy to implement for practitioner. The numerical results show that the DMA chart performs better than others when the magnitudes of shift are moderate and large.
The Political Ecology of Chinese Large Dams in Cambodia: Implications, Challenges and Lessons Learnt from the Kamchay Dam
Authors: Siciliano Giuseppina , Urban Frauke , Tan-Mullins May , Pichdara Lonn , Kim Sour
Published: August 2016

Given the opportunities offered by foreign investment in energy infrastructure mostly by Chinese firms, the Government of Cambodia is giving high priority to developing hydropower resources for reducing energy poverty and powering economic growth. Using a “Political ecology of the Asian drivers” framework, this paper assesses China’s involvement in the development of large dams’ in Cambodia and its impacts on the access of natural resources such as water and energy by dam builders, local communities and the government. This analysis is based on 61 interviews and 10 focus group discussions with affected communities, institutional actors, Chinese dam builders and financiers in relation to the first large Chinese dam built in Cambodia, the Kamchay dam. Based on the results of the analysis this paper makes recommendations on how to improve the planning, implementation and governance of large dams to ensure that the dams’ benefits are shared more equally.
National Water Operators' Partnerships: a promising instrument for capacity development?
Authors: Tutusaus M. , Schwartz K.
Published: August 2016

National Water Operators' Partnerships (WOPs) are promoted to be able to deliver better performance results as they can overcome common hurdles in partnerships related to language and culture barriers. Our paper argues that although the underlying idea of national WOPs appears sensible, the findings in Indonesia suggest that the actual functioning and performance of the WOPs is very much dependent on the governance framework under which these utilities operate. As such, the national WOP is not able to transcend this politicized environment, but rather becomes part and parcel of it.
Utilization rates, water demand and wastewater characteristics of a shared sanitation facility in North Namibia
Authors: Müller K. , Cornel P. , Nashilongo A.
Published: August 2016

Shared sanitation facilities are often the only feasible option for sanitation provision in informal settlements. When implementing infrastructure for wastewater collection and treatment, information regarding quantities and constituent loadings is required. Up to now, such data are not available for shared sanitation. In order to provide this information, this study focuses on wastewater characteristics of a shared sanitation facility in North Namibia. The input data used for planning are compared with monitoring data. This includes utilization rates, water demand, loads and concentrations of total chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total dissolved solids. During the survey period, two different tariff levels were tested. Their effect on utilization rates and water demand is outlined. The results obtained from this study are particularly valuable for better planning of shared sanitation facilities, and subsequent wastewater transport, treatment and reuse infrastructures. Future studies should include further aspects and influencing factors such as population density, available income, or the influence of competing facilities.
Assessment of the impacts of climate change on maize production in the Wami Ruvu basin of Tanzania
Authors: Luhunga Philbert , Chang'a Ladslaus , Djolov George
Published: August 2016

The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) assessment reports confirm that climate change will hit developing countries the hardest. Adaption is on the agenda of many countries around the world. However, before devising adaption strategies, it is crucial to assess and understand the impacts of climate change at regional and local scales. In this study, the impact of climate change on rain-fed maize (Zea mays) production in the Wami-Ruvu basin of Tanzania was evaluated using the Decision Support System for Agro-technological Transfer. The model was fed with daily minimum and maximum temperatures, rainfall and solar radiation for current climate conditions (1971–2000) as well as future climate projections (2010–2099) for two Representative Concentration Pathways: RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. These data were derived from three high-resolution regional climate models, used in the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment program. Results showed that due to climate change future maize yields over the Wami-Ruvu basin will slightly increase relative to the baseline during the current century under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. However, maize yields will decline in the mid and end centuries. The spatial distribution showed that high decline in maize yields are projected over lower altitude regions due to projected increase in temperatures in those areas.
Modeling of the fouling of inside-out hollow fiber UF membranes
Authors: Wang Xudong , Huang Danxi , Wang Lei , Meng Xiaorong , Lv Yongtao , Xia Siqing
Published: August 2016

Membrane processes often experience a decline in the permeate flux or an increase in the operating pressure from membrane fouling. A mathematical model that describes the fouling of inside-out hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membranes was derived from hydrodynamic equations coupled with the theory of depth filtration. The correlation predictions obtained in this study are simpler, as the effect of membrane characteristics, water recovery, and membrane washing processes on UF membrane fouling were expressed using a single parameter: the membrane blocking coefficient. Membrane filtration tests were conducted using diluted paper industry wastewater in a constant-pressure and constant-current operational mode. The effects of different operating conditions, such as water recovery and cleaning methods, and membrane characteristics, on the membrane blocking coefficient were evaluated. The predictive capability of the proposed model was excellent, according to a comparison of the experimental results and model simulations.
Additions to the angiosperms of the flora of Kannur district, Kerala, India from Aralam wildlife sanctuary
Authors: K.J.* Dantas , N. Sasidharan , K.V. Binu
Published: August 2016

A total of 216 species additions to the flora of Kannur district, Kerala, India from Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary is reported based on the floristic studies carried out. Out of 216 species, 161 are dicotyledons and 55 monocotyledons spread across 72 families. The list includes 109 Peninsular Indian endemics comprising 59 southern Western Ghats endemics.
Symplocos nicolsonii, (Symplocaceae) a new species from the Southern Western Ghats, India.
Authors: R. Jagadeesan , A. Gangaprasad , Mathew* Sam P. , E.S. Santhosh Kumar , J. Stephan
Published: August 2016

Symplocos nicolsonii Jagadeesan et al. closely allied to Symplocos lancifolia Siebold. & Zucc., from the Southern Western Ghats is described and illustrated here as a new species.
Interaction of PPARα With the Canonic Wnt Pathway in the Regulation of Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Cheng Rui , Ding Lexi , He Xuemin , Takahashi Yusuke , Ma Jian-xing
Published: August 2016

Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPARα) displays renoprotective effects with an unclear mechanism. Aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt pathway plays a key role in renal fibrosis. Renal levels of PPARα were downregulated in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes models. The PPARα agonist fenofibrate and overexpression of PPARα both attenuated the expression of fibrotic factors, and suppressed high glucose–induced or Wnt3a-induced Wnt signaling in renal cells. Fenofibrate inhibited Wnt signaling in the kidney of diabetic rats. A more renal prominent activation of Wnt signaling was detected both in PPARα−/− mice with diabetes or obstructive nephropathy and in PPARα−/− tubular cells treated with Wnt3a. PPARα did not block the transcriptional activity of β-catenin induced by a constitutively active mutant of lipoprotein receptor–related protein 6 (LRP6) or β-catenin. LRP6 stability was decreased by overexpression of PPARα and increased in PPARα−/− tubular cells, suggesting that PPARα interacts with Wnt signaling at the Wnt coreceptor level. 4-Hydroxynonenal–induced reactive oxygen species production, which resulted in LRP6 stability, was suppressed by overexpression of PPARα and dramatically enhanced in PPARα−/− tubular cells. Diabetic PPARα−/− mice showed more prominent NADPH oxidase-4 overexpression compared with diabetic wild-type mice, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of PPARα on Wnt signaling may be ascribed to its antioxidant activity. These observations identified a novel interaction between PPARα and the Wnt pathway, which is responsible, at least partially, for the therapeutic effects of fenofibrate on diabetic nephropathy.
Effects of a Summer Mathematics Intervention for Low-Income Children
Authors: Lynch Kathleen , Kim James S.
Published: August 2016

Prior research suggests that summer learning loss among low-income children contributes to income-based gaps in achievement and educational attainment. We present results from a randomized experiment of a summer mathematics program conducted in a large, high-poverty urban public school district. Children in the third to ninth grade ( N = 263) were randomly assigned to an offer of an online summer mathematics program, the same program plus a free laptop computer, or the control group. Being randomly assigned to the program plus laptop condition caused children to experience significantly higher reported levels of summer home mathematics engagement relative to their peers in the control group. Treatment and control children performed similarly on distal measures of academic achievement. We discuss implications for future research.
Cultural Representation Theory in Constructing Representations of the United States in Chinese and US Media
Authors: Wang Yasong (Alex)
Published: August 2016

This study explores the complex nature of tourism representation. Building on cultural representation theory, the researchers examine the photographic representations of US destinations in both Chinese and US media. From Chinese guide books, 1,827 images were collected that feature
US destinations and 1,263 images were collected from the tourism promotion website that is targeted at Chinese viewers by the Corporation for Travel Promotion. The visual research methodologies were employed. The results indicate that there is a significant absence of inland US in Chinese
guidebooks, although the most popular destinations along the East and West coasts of the country are primary targets for both sides. It was found that Chinese guidebooks show more interest in cityscapes, while the US side favors nature, though both sides attach highest priority to heritage
sites. Finally, the two sides employ different cultural codes to represent the same destinations. This finding demonstrates the significant role of sociocultural contexts in the construction of destination representations.
Cruise Tourist Dress Behaviors and Local–guest Reactions in a Muslim Country
Authors: Gutberlet Manuela
Published: August 2016

This article examines the ethics of tourism and cross-cultural communication between Western tourists and the local community in a Muslim country. Communicating with people who have different value systems and communication styles can contribute to various "culture shock situations"
and to an increase in stereotypes and "stigma." The main goal of this research is to analyze the dress behavior of cruise tourists, applying the concept of "mindfulness" and secondly to analyze the voices and values of the resident community and of other tourists. Any apparent contradictions
will be identified between local values, pretravel information, media social constructions, and tourist dress behaviors, and suggestions will be proposed about how to avoid culture shock situations. Two questionnaire surveys were conducted with German-speaking cruise tourists visiting two
different destinations in the Sultanate of Oman during 2012 (N = 830) and 2013 (N = 235). In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with members of the local community and cultural brokers as well as with tourists, onboard tour guides, and an onboard pastor. Moreover, government
officials and the Assistant Grand Mufti were interviewed and pretravel information was studied. The results indicate that a mindless dress behavior has been facilitated by the type of information that is provided prior to travel and by cultural brokers, both on shore and on board, who do not
make explicit reference to local dress codes. This approach promotes a concept of tolerance towards the tourist and an "accommodationist" and "laissez faire" attitude. On the other hand, tourist dress behaviors can be seen as a reflection of the posttourist, who is seeking individual authenticity
and freedom. For the local community the increase in the number of mindless cruise tourists exceeds the level of acceptable tolerance in both places and has created "culture shock" situations. This research fills a major gap in applied research on the cruise tourist behaviors in a Muslim country
and on crosscultural communication.
Hunting the Light in the High Arctic: Interest Development Among English Tourists Aboard the Coastal Steamer Hurtigruten
Authors: Ekeland Christian B. , Dahl Tove I.
Published: August 2016

This article explores the dynamics of interest as an emotion-related component of the tourism experience. The research site was the Norwegian coastal steamer Hurtigruten and the subjects were English visitors "hunting the northern light." The latter experience has become a pillar of
regional tourism development over the Arctic winter. The effectiveness of Hurtigruten in attempting to trigger and sustain interest is measured through the use of questionnaires, observations, and interviews. There were two main findings. First, existing theory is extended through the characterization
of interest as a form of "wanting schismogenesis," which occurs in the absence of the object of interest, namely the northern lights. Second, the use of triangulation has highlighted the importance of distinguishing between the "remembering self" and the "experiencing self" in the study of
emotions. By combining observations, which capture representations of the experiencing self, with interviews and questionnaires, which capture representations of the remembering self, and deviations between these phenomena, the researchers offer a new perspective on the study of emotions in
the tourism context.
Still a White Paradise? Photographic Representations of Jamaica as a Tourism Destination
Authors: Walters Nicole Hay , Cassel Susanna Heldt
Published: August 2016

Visual images, from travel brochures and television commercials to internet advertisements, represent a powerful element of tourist destination marketing. This article seeks to understand how destination marketing represents people and places through visual images while examining the
role of tourism discourse in the construction of cultural meanings and identity. Using Jamaica as a case study, the researchers explore the issue of contemporary touristic images. A combination of content and discourse analysis was used to examine images included in printed marketing materials
and on the DMO's website drawing upon postcolonial theory as a critical and contextual perspective that provides an interpretation of the meanings that are conveyed by these representations. The main findings indicate that decades after the end of colonialism in Jamaica, marketers perpetuate
the presentation of paradisal destination images using visual representations. It is argued that colonial tropes and practices of "Othering" remain fundamental to the meaning and rationale of seeing Jamaica and the travel experience. However, this study also identified strategies that could
be further explored in an effort to counteract colonial discourse, as the use of culture and local folkways opens up avenues for the (re)evaluation and (re)representation of Jamaica and the holiday experience.
"Tourism Is for Foreigners": Resident Views About Community Participation in Zambia's Tourist Capital
Authors: Mubanga Kabwe Harnadih , Umar Bridget Bwalya
Published: August 2016

This study investigates community tourism participation in Livingstone city—"the tourist capital" of Zambia—drawing upon 263 semistructured household interviews, several key informant interviews, and desk analysis. The results show that over half of the residents (57%) do
believe that they participate in tourism in Livingstone. The participation levels were lowest (32%) in the case of low income households. Tourism participation was "framed" by residents as occurring through the medium of employment or from engagement in income generating activities, and not
through visiting tourist sites for leisure purposes. Any community participation in local governance structures was passive and tokenistic, with residents being recipients of information about decisions that had already been made at the center and had then "trickled down" to the periphery.
The researchers conclude that implementation of initiatives are needed to enhance community participation in tourism-related decision making, in income generation, and employment. These changes would lead to more favorable tourism perceptions among residents.
The Paris Agreement as a step backward to gain momentum: Lessons from and for theory
Authors: Caparrós Alejandro
Published: August 2016

L’Accord de Paris nous a déplacé d’un monde où les accords fermes de partage du fardeau, comme pour le Protocole de Kyoto, étaient standards à un monde où la politique climatique se réduit à l’engagement et le réajustement. Cela a néanmoins permis de donner un nouvel élan à la politique climatique. Dans ce papier nous soutenons que les approches en termes de jeux n’ont pas encore intégré ce changement dans la mesure où elles ont été conçues pour analyser les accords sur le partage du fardeau, ou encore les accords où les signataires finissent par ne faire qu’un. Malgré cela, certains éléments marquants de cette littérature conserve toute leur pertinence pour guider la politique climatique future dans ce nouveau contexte.
Segregative properties of endogenous jurisdictions formation à la Tiebout: a survey of the literature
Authors: Oddou Rémy
Published: August 2016

Ce document apporte une revue de la littérature (jusqu’à 2010) sur les propriétés ségrégatives du processus endogène de formation de juridictions. Nous démarrons partir des intuitions de Tiebout : les ménages révèlent leurs préférences pour le bien public en choisissant la communauté selon un compromis entre le taux de taxe mis en place par les différentes juridictions et la quantité de bien public qu’elles fournissent. Ensuite, le document analyse les résultats théoriques et empiriques sur les propriétés de ségrégation de la formation de la juridiction endogène afin d’identifier ce qui favorise et ce qui atténue les propriétés de ségrégation de la formation de la juridiction endogène.
Stochastic Independence under Knightian Uncertainty
Authors: Pejsachowicz Leonardo
Published: August 2016

Nous montrons que avec préférences à la Bewley, l’axiome qui caractérise habituellement l’indépendance stochastique ne suffit pas à identifier de manière unique un modèle de croyances indépendantes. Nous introduisons donc le concept de équivalent produit d’un acte et montrons que cela nous permet d’obtenir une caractérisation unique de l’indépendance stochastique pour les modèles d’espérance d’utilité de Bewley et de croyances multiples.
Dépréciation du capital humain et formation continue au cours du cycle de vie : Quelle dynamique des externalités sociales ?
Authors: Chéron Arnaud , Terriau Anthony
Published: August 2016

Dans cette étude, nous présentons un cadre théorique permettant d’analyser les interactions entre investissements en capital humain, turbulence économique et cycle de vie afin d’examiner la dynamique des externalités sociales liées à la formation générale. L’existence de telles externalités conduit à exclure certains travailleurs du système de formation professionnelle, à tort du point de vue de ce qui serait socialement souhaitable. Il convient donc de proposer une politique de soutien à la formation ciblée vers certains types de travailleurs. Notre principale contribution consiste à positionner cette problématique des externalités sociales de la formation continue dans la perspective du cycle de vie du travailleur, et de souligner qu’il serait nécessaire de mettre en place une politique d’incitation à la formation dépendante de l’âge. Nous montrons en effet que les employeurs tendent à accroître trop tôt dans le cycle de vie des travailleurs leur critère d’accès à la formation continue relativement à ce que suggérerait de faire la prise en compte des externalités sociales. En revanche, en toute fin de carrière (à l’approche de la retraite) le rendement social converge vers le rendement privé de la formation et tend vers zéro. Au bilan, ceci plaide donc pour une politique incitative non monotone avec l’âge, croissante jusqu’à un certain âge, puis décroissante ensuite.
COP 21 and Economic Theory: Taking Stock
Authors: Tulkens Henry
Published: August 2016

Les textes de la Décision CP.21  et de son Annexe sont examinés du point de vue de la mesure dans laquelle la théorie économique les inspire ou s’y retrouve. Si l’on peut dire que c’est partiellement le cas au niveau des intentions, les textes eux-mêmes contiennent plus de promesses diplomatiquement formulées que de dispositions précises de mise en oeuvre effective des concepts pertinents généralement reçus en science économique.
L’accord de Paris comme référence, tremplin et instrument de cohérence
Authors: Henry Claude
Published: August 2016

La collision entre une croissance démographique, inévitable, et un effondrement du capital naturel, évitable mais imminent – le climat en particulier – n’est pas compatible avec la survie de beaucoup d’organismes vivants, humanité incluse. Il est cependant possible de faire face en s’appuyant sur une richesse étonnante de connaissances scientifiques et techniques, d’approches organisationnelles, disponibles dès aujourd’hui ou dans un avenir proche. Mais pour les mettre en œuvre à une échelle et à un rythme adaptés aux menaces, il faut une révolution dans les institutions et les comportements. En dépit de ses faiblesses l’Accord Climatique de Paris est une étape significative dans cette direction ; il fournit un cadre, des références et une rampe de lancement pour une foule d’initiatives souhaitables.
Intégrer les bénéfices dans l’analyse économique de la drogue : Une nouvelle arme de politique publique de prévention primaire
Authors: Spach Miléna
Published: August 2016

Dans le paradigme du choix rationnel, un individu choisit de consommer de la drogue à l’issue d’un arbitrage coûts-bénéfices. Néanmoins, puisque ces consommations représentent un coût économique et sanitaire, des politiques publiques sont mises en place afin de dissuader les adolescents d’expérimenter et de consommer ces substances. Telles qu’actuellement menées, ces politiques reposent essentiellement sur des hausses de taxes, des restrictions de consommation ou de la publicité sur les dangers associés. En d’autres termes, elles visent à renchérir les coûts supportés par le consommateur plutôt qu’à diminuer les bénéfices, c’est-à-dire le plaisir associé à la substance. Or, ces politiques peinent aujourd’hui à inverser la tendance haussière de la consommation de drogues chez les adolescents. Dans cet article, nous mettons en évidence l’importance de considérer pleinement le plaisir associé à la consommation de drogues, notamment la distorsion pouvant exister entre plaisir espéré et retiré lors des premières consommations. Pour ce faire, nous recourons à un cadre théorique de l’expérimentation de drogues adolescente en vue de définir de nouvelles pistes de politiques publiques de prévention primaire. En particulier, nous préconisons l’identification, la mise en place et la valorisation d’activités alternatives à la consommation de drogues : activités sportives, créatives, etc .
Quelle gouvernance pour le financement immobilier ? Le cas du Crédit Foncier de France au XIX e siècle
Authors: Le Bris David
Published: August 2016

Le Foncier jouit d’une gouvernance originale qui peut nous inspirer car il a parfaitement rempli sa mission de financement de l’immobilier. Le fort conflit d’agence entre actionnaires privés et dirigeants nommés par l’État est résolu par un conseil d’administration très impliqué et l’obligation d’acheter un nombre important d’actions conservées en garantie de gestion. Les conflits des obligataires avec les dirigeants et les actionnaires sur le niveau de risque pris par la banque sont maitrisés par l’interdiction légale d’émettre des obligations sans des prêts de qualité en contrepartie, une publication mensuelle de son bilan et en imposant un « ratio de Bâle » de 5 %.
“A Ploughman on His Legs is Higher than a Gentleman on His Knees”: The Representation of The Middling People in Benjamin Franklin’s Poor Richard’s almanac
Authors: Peirano Pierre-François
Published: August 2016

Les différents aphorismes, maximes et chroniques qui composent Poor Richard’s Almanac, écrit et publié de 1733 à 1758 par Benjamin Franklin sous le pseudonyme de Richard Saunders, ne se contentent pas de donner des conseils et des règles de conduite au lecteur. Un effet de miroir révèle une description très vivante de la « sagesse populaire » de l’époque, dans laquelle l’exaltation de la vertu, de la modestie et de l’application dans le travail joue un rôle prépondérant. Ainsi, les conseils donnés par Franklin rejoignent la notion de « médiocrité dorée », mais une attention particulière doit également être portée à l’idée de représentation, sans oublier le caractère social et philosophique du message délivré. En effet, ils contribuent, à travers le personnage de Saunders, à mettre au jour un projet cher à Franklin : celui de rendre la société (ou, plutôt, la société américaine) meilleure, tout en s’inspirant de principes ayant vu le jour en Europe.
Porous Places: Music in the (Late) Pleasure Gardens and Social Ambiguity
Authors: Dubois Pierre
Published: August 2016

On décrit souvent les jardins d’agrément londoniens du xviiie siècle comme des lieux de mixité sociale dans lesquels aucune hiérarchie n’existait entre les membres de la société policée et ceux des classes moyennes. La recherche récente a cependant mis en doute le degré d’« hybridation » sociale ou d’« intégration sociale » dans ces lieux. Le but de cet article est de se pencher sur la musique exécutée dans ces jardins (surtout Vauxhall) afin d’observer ce qu’elle peut révéler sur les goûts du public et la notion d’« inclusion » sociale. Nous suggérons que l’on peut interpréter les jardins comme des espaces de transition entre culture musicale savante et culture des classes moyennes, c’est-à-dire des lieux publics où la musique jadis réservée à l’élite sociale était apparemment rendue accessible à un public plus large mais, en conséquence, subissait une transformation graduelle, donnant ainsi lieu à l’essor d’un répertoire « médiocre », à l’intention des classes moyennes. D’un point de vue culturel, au-delà d’un effort de raffinement aristocratique de façade, l’écart entre l’élite sociale et les classes moyennes était comblé davantage en apparence qu’en réalité.