bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LÄNGE UND GEWICHT BEI FRÜHGEBORE‐NEN KINDERN IM SCHULALTER.1
Authors: BRANDER T.
Published: January 2008

Die allgemeine Ansicht ist die, dass die Längen‐ und Gewichts‐zunahme der Frühgeborenen während der ersten Jahre verzögert ist, dass aber diese Verzögerung vor erreichtem Schulalter ausgeglichen wird. Lediglich für die bei der Geburt kleinsten Kinder ist der Ausgleich in der betreffenden Altersperiode noch nicht erreicht. Die verzögernde Einwirkung des unternormalen Geburtsgewichts auf die körperliche Entwicklung ist jedoch bisher noch nicht statistisch bewiesen. Einschlägige Untersuchungen sind zum grossten Teil an Kindern im Säuglings‐ und Spielalter ausgeführt worden.

In der pädiatrischen Poliklinik zu Helsingfors habe ich über 370 frühgeborene Kinder im Alter von 7–15 Jahren untersucht, darunter mehr als 1/5 Zwillinge, und hierbei folgendes gefunden:

Die Mittelwerte für Länge und Gewicht liegen in meinem Material durchgehend unter den Normalwerten, und eine ausgeprägte Tendenz zum Ausgleich dieser Differenz gegen Ende des Schulalters ist nicht nachweisbar (Abb. 2 und 3).

Die Mittelwerte für Länge und Gewicht liegen in bezug auf die Mädchen (das Material enthalt eine grössere Anzahl Mädchen als Knaben) in der Geburtsgewichtsgruppe 2,000 g und darunter ausnahmslos unter denjenigen in der Gruppe 2,010–2,500 g; bei den Knaben werden einige unbedeutende Ausnahmen von dieser Regel beobachtet.

Unter den Mädchen finden wir in der niedrigeren Geburtsgewichtskategorie 88.4 ± 4.9 % mit anhaltend unternormalem Körpergewicht, in der höheren Geburtsgewichtsgruppe 68.8 ± 3.6%. Die Differenz beträgt also 19.6 ± 6.1 % und ist somit statistisch gesichert. Bei den Knaben ist der Unterschied weniger deutlich ausgeprägt. Für das Gesamtmaterial beträgt die Differenz 14.7 ± 4.9 %; dieser Wert steht an der Grenze für die statistische Sicherheit. Eine Abhängigkeit des Längenwachstums vom unternormalen Geburtsgewicht kann mit Hilfe meines Materials durch Berechnung des mittleren Fehlers statistisch nicht bewiesen werden.
Säuglingsmortalität und Frühgeburtlichkeit
Authors: RÄIHÄ C.‐E.
Published: January 2008

An Hand einer nach den Jahresberichten der UniversitLts‐Frauenklinik aufgestellten Statistik ist es wahrscheinlich, dass in Finnland 1) iiber die Halfte der Totgeburten Fruhgeburten sind, 2) die Friihmortalitat zu 80 YO eine Friihgeburtenmortalitatist, 3) von dergesamten Sauglingssterblichkeit ca p/3 auf die Friihgeburten entfallen. Wenn man also dieSiiuglingssterb‐lichkeit wesentlich herabsetzen mill, muss man entweder mit Hilfe der Mutterschaftsfiirsorge oder auf andere Weise die Friihgeburtennativitgt vermindern oder die Moglichkeiten der Friihgeburt, am Leben zu bleiben, wesentlich verbessern. Stoffwechseluntersuchungen lassen erkennen, dass der Verbrennungsstoff wechsel der Friihgeburt relativ niedrig ist, und dass, wenn er aus irgendeinem Grunde beschleunigt wird, leicht Sauerstoffmangel und infolgedessen Azidose entsteht. Einewesentliche Ursache der angeborenen Schwache ist die durch den Bau der Friihgeburt (u. a. die Kapillaren) bedingte erschmerte Sauerstoff versorgung. Wir haben einen Apparat eingefuhrt, mit dessen Hilfe man die Friihgeburt anhaltend nackt in einer sauerstoffreichen Atmosphare halten kann. Die bisher erreichte Erfahrung lasst hoffen, dass man die Sauerstoff versorgnng der Friihgeburt auf diese Art befriedigend regeln kann.
Untersuchungen über das ionisierte Serumkalzium bei Kindern
Authors: HERLITZ GlLLlS
Published: January 2008

Um die Kalziumionenkonzentration im Blutserum bei ge‐ sunden Sauglingen in verschiedenen Altersabschnitten sowie bei einer Reihe Krankheitszustande in den Kleinkindjahren zu untersuchen, hat der Verfasser bei einem Kindermaterial dievon MCLEAX nnd HASTINGS angegebene Methode angewandt, die sich auf deren Beobachtung grundet, dass die Kalziumionen‐konzentration auf einem Gleichgewichtsverhaltnis zwischen Gesamtknlzium und Gesamtprotein im Blutserum beruht. Die Resultate sind folgende:

Bei neugeborenen, ausgetragenen SSuglingen ist die Kalziumionenkonzentration im Blutserum etwas hoher als bei erwachsenen Normalpersonen und auch hoher als bei gesunden Slug‐lingen diesseits der Neugeborenenperiode (Alter von 1‐ 12 Monaten). Dies hingt init dein Gesam tprotein zusanimen, welches bei den Neugeborenen auf einem niedrigeren Niveau liegt als bei den ubrigen beiden Gruppen. Die neugeborenen Priimaturen weisen keine grosseren Abweichungen von den neugeborenen Ausgetragenen hinsichtlich der Kalziumionen‐ konzentration im Serum auf.

Bei florider, unbehandelter Rachitis von Kleinkindern braucht die Kalziumionenkonzentration im Serum nicbt ron den normalen Werten abzuweichen. In diesem Punkt werden also die Beobschtungen einiger aiiderer Forscher bestatigt. Bei akuten InfektionszustLnden mit Pieber bei Sauglingen (Alter von 1–12 Monaten) sinkt die Kalziumionenkonzentration im Serum durchschnittlich etwas, was den relativ hoben Prozentsatz fiebernder Falle bei spasmophilen Konvulsionen erklkren ksnn. Auch der Gesamtkalziumgehalt des Serums scheint sich unter den angegebenen Verhaltnissen nach unten zu verschieben.

Bei florider, unbehandelter Rachitis von Kleinkindern braucht die Kalziumionenkonzentration im Serum nicbt ron den normalen Werten abzuweichen. In diesem Punkt werden also die Beobschtungen einiger aiiderer Forscher bestatigt.

Bei akuten InfektionszustLnden mit Pieber bei Sauglingen (Alter von 1–12 Monaten) sinkt die Kalziumionenkonzentration im Serum durchschnittlich etwas, was den relativ hoben Prozentsatz fiebernder Falle bei spasmophilen Konvulsionen erklkren ksnn. Auch der Gesamtkalziumgehalt des Serums scheint sich unter den angegebenen Verhaltnissen nach unten zu verschieben.

Bei einer Reihe verschiedener Krampfkrankheiten in den Kleinkindjahren wurde die Kalziumionenkonzentration im Serum im Anschluss an Anfalle bestimmt. Speziell wurden die initialen Fieberkrampfe (13 Faille) in dieser Beziehung untersucht, wobei der Verfasser weitere Stutzen fur seine friiher ausgesprochene Ansicht fand, dass die initialen Fieber‐krampfe keine spasmophile Grundlage haben.

Bei 15 Schulkindern wurden Hyperventilationsversuche gemacht, melche zu mehr oder weniger ausgesprochenen Tetanieerscheinungen fiihrten. Belege dafiir, dass der Gesamtlralziumgehalt oder die Kalziumionenkonzentration des Serums bei Hyperventilationstetanie vom Normalen abweicht, ergaben diese Versuche nicht.
Studien über die konsensuelle Hautgefässreaktion Neugeborener bei Kälteeinwirkung
Authors: SHERLITZ GILLI
Published: January 2008

reaktion auf Kalte in der Regel bei den Neugeborenen ent‐weder fehlt oder noch nicht so ausgebildet ist, dass sie durch Veranderungen der Hauttemperatur in derselben Weise wie bei Erwachsenen nachgewiesen werden kann.
Gauchersche Krankheit im frühen Kindesalter
Authors: FRISELL. ERIK
Published: January 2008

Klinischer und pathologisch‐anatomischer Bericht iiber ein 61/2 Monate altes Madchen, melches das typische Bild der Gaucherschen Krankheit in ihrer akut verlaufenden Form aufwies. Erorterung der Xymptomatologie der Gaucherschen Krankheit im fruhen Kindesalter mit Zusammenstellung bisher ver6ff' entlichter akut verlaufender Falle.
Club Fingers and Club Toes of Unknown Etiology
Authors: ELGENMARK. OLLE
Published: January 2008

After a short account of the most common congenital malformations in the hands, a case is described of congenital club fingers and club toes, without overcurved nails or cyan‐ otic discoloration, in a 10‐year‐old girl, who also has a number of other malformations in the skeleton and joints. This type of anomaly does not conform to cases of club‐shaped thicken‐ings of the terminal phalanges described previously. Nor does the somatic examination afford any definite evidence of disturbances in the interim1 secretions or any other coneicvable etiology.
Erythema Infectiosum
Authors: BOYSEN GUDRUN
Published: January 2008

An epidemic of 52 cases of erythema infectiosum is reported from Oslo Municipal Hospital. The most important literature is gone through and then the illnes is described. It is little contagious, absolutely benign and is not followed by any complications. It appeares as characteristic exanthema with «ßosy checks » and guirlandformed figures with none or little affect of the general condition. No characteristic bloodchanges except for relatively constant eosinofili. The etiology is still unknown. Hemolytic streptococs are excluded with great probability as etiologic factor.
Idiopathische Lungenhämosiderose. (Essentielle, braune Lungeninduration.)
Authors: SELANDER PER
Published: January 2008

Verf. schildert einen Fall von idiopathischer Lungenhämosiderose (essentielle, braune Lungeninduration nach Gellerstedt). Pat. hatte schon bei der Geburt Symptome aufgewiesen. Im Alter von 7 Jahren ausgeprägte Symptome mit Anämie, Bluthusten und silikoseähnliehen Lungenveränderungen. Periodischer Verlauf. Exitus im Alter von 8 Jahren.
Hæmangio‐endothelioma of the Liver.
Authors: VIDEBÆK AAGE
Published: January 2008

The writer briefly reviews the earlier reports of hffimangio‐endotheliomas of the liver and adds a ease of his own, occurring in a boy, aged 21/2 months, exhibiting numerous, histologically benign haemangio‐endotheliomas of the liver and 2 cutaneous haemangiomas. A discussion follows of the pathogenesis of the disease in connexion with the demonstration of two summits in the age diagram, one in early childhood, and one in the 5th decennium. Finally, the pathological and clinical features are dealt with.
Some new clinical Observations on Hydrops congenitus.
Authors: SALOMONSEN. LEIF
Published: January 2008

A case is described of hydrops congenitus with erythroblastosis which resulted in cure. The edema and erythroblastosis disappeared in the course of the first week of life. A hypoproteinemina was demonstrated. The plasma proteins increased as the edema disappeared. The cause of the edema in hydrops congenitus is assumed te be a hypoproteinemia. The patient was not anemic at birth and no anemia developed post partum, which indicates that there is no primary hemolytic anemia in this condition.
A Sex‐linked Type of Gargoylism
Authors: NJÅ. ARNE
Published: January 2008

The author gives a resume of the symptomatologi of gargoy‐lism. 6 cases are reported. 5 of them belong to the same family. All of these are boys and none of them had cloudy cor‐neae. A pedigree shows that the affection is inherited from a healthy mother and is probably sex‐linked. The author therefore believes that it is justified to set up a special sex‐linked type of gargoylism where the corneae are normal.
Paroxysmal tachycardia in infants
Authors: MANNHEIMER EDGAR
Published: January 2008

One case of paroxysmal tachycardia at a 3 weeks old boy is described.

Symptoms: Pronounced tachycardia, bad general state, cyanosis, dyspnoea, enlargement of the liver. The diagnosis is made with the help of electrocardiogram. The therapy has been neo‐stigmin injections, and during the free intervals, neostigmin per os as far as could be seen with good effect. The prognosis for this specific case seemed to be good with this treatment, but the danger of relapse makes the therapy a bit uncertain. CHRISTENSEN in 1944 had made a synthesis from the literature of 37 cases. The prognosis seems also in these cases to be good, when it has not been the question of organic heart diseases. The very bad general state makes it plausible that some cases of death of infants with uncertain diagnosis would be blamed on non‐diagnosticated attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia. The treatment has earlier consisted of digitalis or strophanticus. However, the effect has not been reliable. Mecholyl also was used. This drug seems to have sure effect but to give more toxic effect than the neostigmin, which was used in this case.
Zur Frage der paroxysmalen Tachykardie und des Herz‐flatterns in den ersten Lebenswochen.
Authors: FRISELL ERIK
Published: January 2008

Paroxysmale Tachykardio und Flattern in den ersten Lebens‐wochen werden in bezug auf Ätliologie, Symptome und Therapie erörtert. Bine Zusammenstellung von 17 Fällen aus dem Schrift‐tum macht ersichtlich, dass der Herzrhythnms bei paroxysmaler Tachykardie im grossen und ganzen unter, bei Plattern über 300 Schlägen pro Minute liegt. Der Übergang ist fliessend. Dies könnte nach Verf. darauf hindeuten, dass zwischen den beiden Herzfrequenzstörungen in diesem Alter eher ein Grad‐ als ein Artunterschied besteht. Therapeutisch ist Digitalis das Präparat, welches bisher die besten Eesultate geliefert hat. Bei den Fallen aus dem Schrifttum war die Digitalisdosierung oft auffallend hoch; Verf. berichtet aber iiber einen eigenen Fall, bei dem eine so ge‐ringe Digitalisdosis wie 3mal tägl. 2.5 mg, im Alter von 4 Wochen gegeben, ein angeborenes Flattern mit der Frequenz A. 440, V. 220 nach fünftägiger Behandlung in einen dauernden normalen Herzrhythnms umwandelte.

Paroxysmal tachycardia and flutter in new‐borns are discussed as regards aetiology, symptoms and therapy. A survey of 17 cases from literature indicates that the heart rate with paroxysmal tachycardia generally ranges below 300 per minute, and with flutter above this figure. Still, this border‐line is not sharply defined. This might, in the writer's opinion, be taken to indicate a difference rather of degree than of type between both anomalies of the heart rate at the age in question. As to treatment, it is digitalis that hitherto has given the best residts. According to literature, the doses of this drug have often been remarkably high. The writer, however, reports a case in which doses of digitalis as low as 2.5 mg three times daily, starting at the age of 4 weeks, after 5 days' treatment had changed a congenital flutter with the rate A, 440 and V, 220 into lasting normal heart rhythm.
Lethal Hereditary Bullous Epidermolysis. Survey – and a Typical Case.
Authors: LENSTRUP JøRGEN
Published: January 2008

Lethal hereditary bullous epidermolysis is set up as one of the affections in the group of epidermolyses parallel with simple and dystrophic epidermolysis. It is characterized by bulla formation and epidermolysis with subsequent healing without cicatrization, with frequent bone dystrophy and ungual changes, rapid lethal issue, and familial occurrence. A typical case is described and illustrated. Already at birth the patient presents large epidermolyses. There is found bulla formation beginning with edema and cell infiltration in the uppermost layer of corium. The epidermis is exfoliated and replaced by a new thin atrophic epidermis, with corresponding imperfect development of sebaceous glands and elastic fibers. Hairs and sebaceous glands are atrophic everywhere and, after exfoliation of the epidermis, in further decomposition.

In contradistinction to some previously reported findings, milliary cysts form from sebaceous glands. Cultivation from bullae yields no growth. The affection is resistant to any treatment applied. New bullae continue to appear, and after seven months the child dies without signs of infection. Pig. 1 shows the macroscopical look of the affection, whereas Pig. 3 illustrates the typical microscopical changes in the skin.
Familial Haemorrhagic Diatheses with Prolonged Bleeding‐Time (Thrombopathias)
Authors: IMERSLUND OLGA
Published: January 2008

The author has investigated the familial occurence of haemor‐rhagic diatheses with prolongation of the bleeding‐time in three families.

The number of thrombocytes was, as a rule, normal. Throni‐bopenia (with the number of thrombocytes as far down as to 8 300) was observed at certain of the examinations. Diminution of clot‐retraction was also observed in some of the cases even when the number of thrombocytes was normal. In the second family a maternal aunt of children suffering from haemorrhagic diathesis with prolongation of bleeding‐time, developed transitory thrombopenic purpura at the age of 26 as a sequel to an attack of acute hepatitis. She showed no tendency to bleed excessively either before or after this event. In the other cases there was no relationship between the number of thrombocytes and the tendency to bleed, and the thrombocytes showed no important departures from the normal. The coagulation‐time and the prothrombin‐time were normal. The fact that several patients were the offspring of parents who were related to each other and who showed no signs of a haemorrhagic diathesis is suggestive of a recessive inheritance.
Infantile Cortical Hyperostoses.
Authors: van ZEBEN W.
Published: January 2008

Three patients with infantile cortical hyperostoses (Caffey) are described. The only clinical symptom was swelling of the lower legs. Radioscopy showed extreme thickening of periosteuni, also along parts of the skelet not swollen clinically. Features not hitherto described and observed in our patients were, (1) occurrence within the same family, and (2) marked forward curvature of the tibiae.
Primary Hemolytic Anemia in Infants.
Authors: KLACKENBERG G. , VENDEL S.
Published: January 2008

The first case described is that of a 2–months‐old breastfed infant belonging to a family of hemolytics who is taken ill with jaundice and acholic stools. The explanation of the symptoniatology is that the increased decomposition of the blood in a crisis gives a thicker bile with risk of bile thrombi and obstruction of the flow of bile.

The possibilities and the risks of examining the gall bladders by means of iodine contrast media in infants under 7 months are discussed.

The second case is one of presumably congenital, not demon‐strably hereditary hemolytic anemia, developing a severe, afebrile heniolytic crisis in the 9th week of life. To all appearances independently of the therapeutic measures the patient recovers in the course of 31/2months, and at control 12 months later the blood findings revealed no signs of disease.

The third case presents signs of hemolytic anemia shortly after birth, with spontaneous and almost complete regress at the age of one year.
Rheumatic Pneumonia
Authors: WIJK E. VAN
Published: January 2008

Three little patients are described with acute rheumatism and pulmonary abnormalities. With reference to literature the author discusses the reasons for the diagnosis of rheumstir pneumonia and the therapy in such cases.
Studies on Diphtheria. II. Immunization against diphtheria in newborn babies and in infants
Authors: VAHLQUIST BO , MURRAY UNO , PERSSON N. G.
Published: January 2008

In many countries nowadays the antitoxic immunity against diphtheria is most unsatisfactory. In Sweden less than 10 per cent of the non immunized adults have antibodies in »protective» concentrations. As a consequence the mothers but infrequently transfer to their offspring the passive immunity, which was formerly assumed to be the rule. Hence the question of immunization already at an early age becomes topic. Earlier authors almost unanimously expressed the view that an immunization during the first months of life is not practicable the infants at this age being considered to have a poor antitoxin producing power. The results of the experiments published in this paper clearly demonstrate that this opinion is erroneous. Even the newborns react upon diphtheria immunization with aluminium precipihted toxoid, although the response in antibody formation is often delayed. Earlier workers seem to have been misled by one or several of the following errors: the slow reaction of the newborns; the more or less complete interference of »passive» antibodies, exceeding 1/50–1/10 A. U./cc, with the active immunization; and the importance of even minute amounts of »active» antibodies, indicating former sensitization, for the results of immunization.
Studies on Diphtheria. III. The duration of immunity against diphtheria following vaccination as compared with that following clinical disease and carrier state
Authors: VAHLQUIST BO , HACKZELL GUNNAR
Published: January 2008

A comparison is made between the antitoxin values found in the following groups of subjects: I. Subjects vaccinated two years and one year ago; II and III. Cases of clinical diphtheria 2 and 20 years ago; IV and V. Diphtheria carriers 2 and 20 years ago and VI. Non‐immunized control subjects. The results are condensed in table 6. The following facts should be stressed: The vaccinated subjects are by far better off, as judged from the antitoxin concentration, than the former clinical cases or carriers. The former carriers have on the whole somewhat better antitoxin values than the former clinical cases, when examined after 2 and 20 years but the difference is not very striking.

The results do not give support to the view often held, namely, that the diphtheria cases represent a selection of poor reactors.
Antistreptolysin Titre in School Children
Authors: TUNEVALL GÖSTA
Published: January 2008

103 children between 7 and 16 years of age have been clinically observed and followed up with AST for one year.

1. AST in health in children 7 and 8 years of age generally was low. In older children AST was adjusted to a higher level unaltered up to the age of 16 years.

2. Even very slight respiratory infections, likely to escape observation, often were followed by elevated AST persistant for a long time. Such elevations were most common in the youngest children.

3. Chronic infections of the respiratory tract often were followed by elevated AST, especially when acconipanied by regional lymphoid reactions.

4. The presence of hemolytic streptococci in the throat regularly influenced AST only when inflammatory reactions existed.

5. According to these facts AST in school children should be very carefully evaluated as a sign of actual hemolytic streptococci infection.

Finally, measles, even when apparently uncomplicated, often was followed by an elevation of AST.
Hormone Treatment of the Incompletely Descended Testicle
Authors: SUNDAL ALFRED
Published: January 2008

Incomplete descent of the testicle should be treated in childhood, preferably from the age of eight upwards. Injections of gonadotrope hormones should be given these patients if the testicle retention is not accompanied by evident pathologic anatomic complications, such as hernia and hydrocele which indicate surgical treatment. Hormone treatment gives very good results with testicle retention where the testicle can be felt in or below the subcutaneous groin ring. The result may be less satisfactory in cases of cryptorchidism as the retention is often complicated by hernia or atrophied testicle. If the hormone cure fails, immediate operation is advised, as the hormone treatment loosens the tissue around the testicle and the testicle veins so that the testicle can more easily be brought into position.
The Principle of Evacuation of the Stomach in Infants and Prematures
Authors: VENDEL S.
Published: January 2008

By roentgen only the initial and final points of the evacuation curve of the stomach can be determined exactly enough. To follow the entire course of evacuation another technic was applied: the volume of gastric contents being measured at regular intervals by aspiration through a stomach tube. It was demonstrated that the stomach in infants empties with extreme regularity, following mostly a rectilinear curve, the emptying rate depending upon age and the constituents of the meal, and the variations tending to be much more confined than previously accepted.
The development of the ossific centres in some diseases in early childhood
Authors: ELGENMARK OLLE
Published: January 2008

It seems to be possible, by means of this type of examination in the early years of life, to gain some knowledge of disturbances in skeletal development, as well as the degree of this development.
The care and prevention of pes planus in the child of pre‐school age
Authors: NORDENFELT PER j.
Published: January 2008

It is claimed that the prophylactic treatment of the pedal defects so common nowadays should aim to encourage the general development of the whole musculature, to lessen the strain on the feet imposed by modern living conditions and to avoid the harmful effects of restricting footgear. A form of active therapy, based on exercises to strengthen the foot muscles which should be carried out in the pre‐school years is also described. The limited value of arch supports and the most suitable footwear for pre‐school children are discussed.
TREATMENT OF ANAEMIA WITH PLASMA FROM DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
Authors: YLPPÖ ARVO
Published: January 2008

Plasma from deoxygenated blood contains so called haematopoetins, which produce increase of haemoglobin, erythrocytes and reticulocytes in severely anaemic children.

Among 12 children treated intravenously or intra‐abdominally three showed positive results.

These haematopoetins exist also in the plasma of children with polycytaemia and after local stasis they can also be developed due to anoxia.
Micromodification of Van Slyke's Method of Determining the Alkali Reserve by Bicarbonate Titration
Authors: JOHNSSON TORSTEN
Published: January 2008

Description of a micromodifcation of Van Siyke's method of determining the akali reserve by biearbonate titration. This modified method seems to be practical for routine use.

Description d'une micromodification de la m'eathode de van Siyke pour déterminer les réserves d'aleali au moyen du titrage par le bicarbonate, qui parait pratiquement utilisable dans le travail de routine

Beschreibung einer Milromodifikation von van Siykes Methode zur Bestimmung der Alkalireserve durch Bikarbonatitrierung, welche für Routinarbeit praktisch anwendbar zu sein scheint

Se describe una micromodifición del método de van Styke para la determinación de la reserva de álcali mediante titulación de bicarbonato. Este método modificado es al parecer práctice para uso rutinario
Absence of Fructose from Human Cord Blood
Authors: KARVONEN M. J.
Published: January 2008

30 samples of human umbilical cord blood (the birth weights of the babies varied from 5.250 t o 5.140 g) were examined with the object of ascertaining the presence or absence of fructose, using Cole's method. In 3 samples 1 mg% fructose was found; in the resst no positive reaction was observed. The total (fermentable) sugar values as determined with Somogyi's method varied between 36 and 116mg%.

30 exemplaires de sang du cordon ombilical humain (le poids) des nouveau‐nés variait de 2.240 à 5.140 g) ont été examinés par la méthode Cole, au sujet de la présence ou l'absence de fructose. Dans 3 exemplaires on a trouvé 1 mg%, dans les autres on n'a constaté aueune réaction positive. La valeue totale de sucre (frementable) déterminée par la méthode Somogyi variait entre 36 et 116 mg%.

Es wurden 30 Proben von Nabelstrangsblut (das Geburtsgewicht der Kinder varierte von 2.240‐5.140 g) nach Cole's Methode untersucht, um das Vorhandensein oder Fehlen von Fruktose nachzuweisen. In 3 Proben fan man 1 mg%, die übrigen ergaben keine positive Reaktion. Die totalen (vergäbaren) nach Somogyi's Methode bestimmten Zuckerwerte schwankten zwischen 36 bis 116 mg%

Mediante el método de Cole se examinaron 30 muestras de sangre del cordön umbilical (los pesos de nacimiento de los ninos varín entre 2.240 y 5.140 g) para determinar la presencia de fructosa. En tres muestras se encorntoö ninguna reacción positiva. Los valores totales de azúcar (fermdentable) varian entre 36 y 116 milígramos por ciento, determinados segün el método de Somogyi
On the Cause of Familial Deaths in Early Childhood, with Particular Reference to Some Uncommon Conditions
Authors: WERGELAND HJALMAR
Published: January 2008

The writer mentions a number of diseases which may cause familial deaths in early childhood and reports the cases ‐ a total of 10 ‐ observed in the Pediatric Department of the State Hospital, Copenhagen, in the course of the last 3 years.

At the end of the paper the writer sets out in tabular form all the diseases which he has found described in the literature as causes of early familial deaths.

L'auteur mentionne un nombre de maladies qui peuvent causer la mort familiale dans la prime enfance, il rapporte les cas ‐ au total de 10 ‐ observés à la section de Pédiatrie de l'Hǒpital de l'Etat à Copenhague au cours des 3 derniéres années. A la fin de l'article donne sous forme de tableau toutes les maladies qu'il a trouvé décrites dans la littérature comme causes de mort familiale prématurée.

Der Verfasser erwähnt eine Anzahl Krankheiten, Welche familienweise Todesfälle in früther Kindheit verursachen können und berichtet die Fälle ‐ im GAnzen 10 ‐ die in der pädiatrischen Abteilng des staatlichen Hospitals Kopenhagen in den letzten 3 Jahren beobachtet wurden. Zum Schluss stellt er in Tabbellenform alle Krankheiten zusammen, die er in der Literatur als Ursache familiärer frühzeitiger Todesfälle beschrieben fand.

El autor describe cierto nümero de enfermedades que en la primera infancia pueden eacusar fallecimientos dentro de una misma familia e informa sobre los casos ‐ en total diez ‐ obser vados en la Sección Pediátrica del Hospital del Estado en Copenhagen durante los últimos tres afios. Al final del informe el autor expone en un cuadro todas las enfermedades que ha encontrado en la literatura médica como causantes de fallecimientos en la primera infancia y dentrro de una misma familia.
Niemann‐Pick's Disease Acute and Chronic Type?
Authors: VIDEBÆK AAGE
Published: January 2008

A case is reported of Niemann‐Pick's disease diagnosed in a Danish boy, aged 36 months. Treatment with liver extract, insulin, and vitamin K resulted in temporary improvement. The disease ran a course of at least more than 3 years, a period far exceeding any observed hitherto, the boy living until the age of 5½ years. On the basis of 72 cases from the literature and his own, set out in tabular form, the writer reviews the possible etiology, the pathogenesis, symptomatology, course, prognosis, and treatment of the disease. Niemann‐Pick's disease is equally common in boys and girls, occurring most frequently during the first 2 years of life, but sometimes being observed in older children and adults. Nearly half the children affected are Jewish. Familial occurrence has been reported in about 30 per cent of the cases, so far only among siblings. Age distribution and survival time are presented in tabular form. The average duration of the disease is 9 months.

Un cas de la maladie de Niemann‐Pick diagnostiquée chez un garç danois de 26 mois. Un traitement par extrait de foie, insuline et vitamines K a amené un mieux temporaire. La maladie a eu une durée minimale de plus de trois ans, durée bien supérieure à ce qui avait été observé jusqu'iei, le garcon a vécujusqu'à l'âage de 5 and ½ Sur la base de 72 cas, de la littérature et des siens propores, mis sous forme de tableau, l'auteur passe en revue l'étiologie possible, la pathogénie, la symptomatologie, le cours, le prognostique et le traitement de cette maladie, La maladie de Niemann‐Pick est éagalement commune chez les garçons et chez les filles, se déclarant le plus souvent durant les 2 premiéres années de la vie, mais constaté quelquefois, chez des enfants plus âgées ou chez des adultes. Presque la moitié des enfants sont juifs. L'hérédite familiale a étéa rapportée dans environ 30% des cas. Jusqul' ici seulement parmi les frées et sœurs. La répartition des ages et la durée de la survive sont présentées sous forme de tableau. La durée moyenne de cette maladie est de 9 mois.

Ein Fall von Niemann‐Pick's Krankheit bei einem 26 Monate alten dänischen Knaben. Behandlung mit Leberextrakt, Insulin und Vitamin K hatten zeitweilig Verbesserrung zur Folge. Die Krankheit hatte einene mehr als dreijährigen Verlauf, ein nach den bisherigen Beobachtungen ässerst seltener Zeitraum, und der Knabe erlebte ein Alter von 5½ Jahren. Auf Grund seines Falles und 72 Fälle aus der Litteratur, in Tabbellenform zusammengestellt, untersucht der Verfasser die mögliche Ätiologie, Pathologenese, Symptomatologie, Verlauf, Prognose und Behandlung der Krankheit. Sie ist gleich häfig bei Knaben und Mädchen, tritt meist in den ersten 2 Lebensjahren auf, wird aber zuweilen auch bei älteren Kindern und Erwachsenen beobachtet. Fast die Hälfte der Kinder sind jüdisch. Familiares Vorkommen unter Geschwistern wurde in ca 30% der Fälle herichted. Die Alters verteilung und die Überlebenszeit ist in Tabellenform dargestellt. Die durchschnittliche Dauer der Krankheit ist 9 Monate.
Psychosomatic Pediatrics
Authors: HEINILD SVEND
Published: January 2008

An examination made in a Copenhagen children's hospital shows that 53 Yo of the patients over 2 years of age weresuffering from psychosomatic affections rather than purely organic lesions. The importance of future work in pediatric psychiatry and psychology is discussed.

Un examen fait dans un hôpital d'enfants â Copenhague a montré que 52% des patients au‐dessus de 2 and souffraient d'affections psychosomatiques plus que de pures lésions organiques. L'importance de futures études de psychiateie et de psychologie en pédratrie est discutée.

Eine in einem Kopenhagener Kinderspital Vorgenommene Untersuchung ergab, dass 52% der über 2 Jahre alten Patienten an psychosomatischen Affektionen, vielmehr als an rein organischen Laesionen litten. Es wird die Wichtigkeit der zukünftigen Arbeit in paediatrischer Psychiatrie und Psychologie diskutiert

Un examen efectuado en el Hospital Infantil de Copenhague muestra que el 52% de los ninos de más de 2 anos sufrín más de afecciones psicomáticas que de lesiones puramente orgánicas. Se discute la importancia del trabajo futuro de psiquiatría pediátrica y de la psicologia.
Condition alimentaire chez les écoliers d'écoles primaires de Helsinki examinée d'après la méthode d'Oeder
Authors: RUOTSALAINEN ARMAS
Published: January 2008

A la suite de mes recherches antérieures et des expériences obtenues pendant les recherches en question, je suis arrivéà la conclusion que la méthode de mensuration d'un pli de la peau éleré pent étre utilisée avee succès p. ex. pour préciser en chiffres l'état alimentaire des écoliers, surtout si l'on se sert en même temps, comme base de définition, de tables spéciales d'estimation se rattachant à méthode d'examen.

On the basis of my earlier research and the experience gained in connection therewith, I have come to the conclusion that measurement of a raised fold of skin provides en effective means of for example determining numerically the state of nourishment of school children. The method is particularly successful if combined with special evaluation tables affording a basis of definition.

Auf Grund meiner friiheren Forschungen und der dabei gemachten Erfahrungen kam ich zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Methode, eine abgehobene Hautfalte zu messen, mit Erfolg angewendet werden kann, urn z. B. den Ernährungszustand der Schulkinder in Ziffern festzulegen, besonders wenn men dabei als Bestimmungs‐grundlage spezielle, sich auf diese Untersnchungsmethode beziehende Werttabellen benützt.

Partiendo de mis investigaciones anteriores y de las experiencias acummuladas durante las misams, he ilegado a la conclusión de que el método de medición de un pliegue elevado de la piel puede ser utilizado ventajosamente, por ejamplo para precisar en cifras el estado alimenticio de los escolares, sobrre todo si al mismo tiempo se usan, como base de definición, cuadros especiales de estimación sujetos a este método.
A Case of Tuberculous Hepatitis and its Biological Reactions
Authors: CHOREMIS CONSTANTINE V. , NINIOS NICOLAOS
Published: January 2008

A 14‐year old boy the syniptoms of whose disease suggested an acute liver abscess. Laparotoniy was therefore performed. Macroscopic examiuation as well as biopsy proved dissemiiiated tuberculosis of the liver. Tlie following are some interesting points from the examination of this case:

1. A positive blood culture for Koch's bacillus.

2. Negative tuberculin reaction even in a potency of 1:100. It was only after streptomycin treatment that a positive reaction was obtained, but still it wm not a strong positive reaction (++).

3. Tlie high sedimentation rate of erythrocytes.

Certain points of view are given about the iniportance of the progress of these biological findings.

This case was treated with streptomycin. The total dosage administered was 45 grams. As a result the patient's temperature dropped and his liver symptoms were relieved.

The patient's condition has since been normal to the present time.
Forward Subluxation of the Atlas Following Birth Trauma
Authors: LOUNAVAARA K. I.
Published: January 2008

The author describes a case of a 2 month old child in which a posteriorly infected retropharyngeal hematoma following birth trauma caused a heavy laryngeal stridor and later, the stridor having lasted 4 weeks, as a secondary result a » spontaneous » forward luxation of the atlas which hitherto has not been described in a newborn child. He considers this subluxation to be caused by decalcification following infectious hyperemia. Based on the development of the disease, he establishes the reversibility of this process. At an autopsy performed immediately upon death confirmation of the diagnosis was facilitated by the presence of the hereditary heart disease.

Cas ?un enfant de 2 mois chez lequel une hénatome rétropharyngienne, provenant ?un trauma de naissance, et infectée ultérieurement, a causé une grave stridultation laryngienne et plus tard, la stridultation ayant duré 4 semaines, comme résultat secondaire, une » spontanée » luxation en avant de ľatlas laquelle, jusqu'iei, n'a pas été décrite chez un nouveau‐né. ľauteur considère que cette subluxation est causée par la décalcification qui suit une hypérémie infectieuse. Se basant sur le déeloppement de la maladie, il établit la réversibilité de ce processus. Lors ?une autopsie, faite imméliatement après la mort, la confirmation du diagnostic était facilityée par la présence de la maladie de coeur héréditaire.

Der Autor beschreibt einen Fall eines 2 Mon. alten Kindes bei welchem ein durch Geburtstrauma entstandenes, später in‐fiziertes retropharyngeales Haematom iieftigen Larynx‐Stridor und nach 4 Wochen langer Dauer desselben als sekundäre Folge eine » spontane » Vorwärts‐Luxation des Atlas verursachte, wie sie bisher bei Neugeborenen noch nicht beschrieben worden war. Er betrachtet diese Subluxation als durch Entkalkung infolge einer Infektions‐Hyperaemie hervorgerufen. Auf Grund des Krankheitsverlaufes stellt er die Reversibilität dieses Prozesses fest. Bei einer unmittelbar nach dem Tode vorgenommenen Autopsie wurde die Bestätigung der Diagnose durch das Vor‐hand ein eines hereditären Herzfehlers erleichtert.

Resumes

El autor describe el caso de un niño de 2 meses de edad, en el que una hematoma retrofaríngea, posteriormente infectada, siguiendo a un trauma de nacimiento, causó un fuerte estridor laríngeo y más tarde, cuando el estridor había durado 4 semanas, dió lugar, como resultado secundario, a una espontánea luxación hacia adelante del atlas, lo cual no se ha descrito hasta ahora en un niño recién nacido. El autor consider a que esta subluxación fué causada por descalcificación, siguiendo a una hiperemia infecciosa. Basándose en el desarrollo de la enfermedad, el autor establece la reversibilidad de este proceso. Durante una autopsia efectuada inmediatamente después de la muerte, se facilityó la confirmación del diagnóstics por la presencia de una enfermedad hereditaria cardíaca.
DETAILED CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL REPORT ON TWO BROTHERS SUFFERING FROM LIGNAC‐FANCONI DISEASE: (Cases 10 and 11 in this series)
Authors: PHILPOTT M. G. , HARVEY C. C. , FINCH E.
Published: January 2008

The case records of two brothers suffering from Lignac‐Fanconi disease are given in detail. Two further siblings probably suffered from the disease. The results of certain special investigations are discussed. In a mineral balance we have not been able to prove that the hypophosphataemia in one of the cases was due to an excessive excretion of phosphorus.

In both brothers the glutamic acid level in the serum was found to be raised. This supports the view that a disorder of aminoacid metabolism is the underlying cause of the disease. It is suggested that the large quantity of aminoacids passed by the kidneys has a nephrotoxic action. The pathogenesis of other features of the disease can be explained by dysfunction of tubular reabsorption caused by this action, and the ultimate onset of renal failure can be explained by the same action involving the glomeruli.

With alkali therapy the general condition of both boys has improved, although a normal plasma CO2 combining power could not be reached in either case. High vitamin D dosage has produced some healing of the skeletal changes, but attention is drawn to the possibly dangerous effects of this treatment. One case died from heart failure secondary to renal failure after three months treatment.

The genetics of the disease are discussed. The evidence presented from our cases seems to confirm the theory of a recessive inheritance.
Neue Befunde zur Diagnose und Klinik der chronischen Aminoacidurie mit Cystinspeicherung1
Authors: WEYERS HELMUT
Published: January 2008

An Hand einer neuen Beobachtung von chronischer Aminoaci‐durie mit Cystinspeioherung, welche in typischer Weise ein blondhaariges I‐jahriges Madchen blutsverwandter Eltern betrifft, werden neue dia‐gnostische und klinische Befunde d'ieser seltenen Erkrankung zusam‐mengestellt.

Neben der alteren Methode des Cystinkristallnachweises im Sternal‐markausstrich vermag eine technisch einfache Darstellung des kristal‐linischen Cystins in der Augenbindehaut die Verdachtsdiagnose schnell zu sichern. Kristallographische Differenzierungen erlauben hierbei grund‐sätzlich 2 Kristallformationen zu unterscheiden, die durch Eigentüm‐lichkeiten der Lichtbrechung voneinander abweichen.

Chromatographische Aminosäurenbestimmungen werden mikro‐biologisch ermittelten AS‐Konzentrationen des Urins und den bislang wenig bekannten Serumwerten gegenübergestellt. Dabei lässt sich feststellen, dass neben wechselnden Konzentrationen anderer Aminosäuren weder im Serum noch im Urin eine Cystinvermehrung vorhanden ist.

Die Speicherung des schwerlöslichen Cystins im Retikulo‐endothelialen System kann durch den Nachweis von Verschiebungen der Serum‐eiweisskörper nach elektrophoretischer Bestimmung bekräftigt werden.

Bezüglich der Glykolabilität dieser Erkrankung werden neue mit dem Zuckerhaushalt gekoppelte Verschiebungen der Kaliumbilanz angeführt. Die Glukosenatur der, durch Anhäufung S‐haltiger Verbindungen im Blute der an Cystinose erkrankten Kinder, erklärbaren Ausscheidung reduzierender Substanzen wird durch chromatographische Differenzierungen sichergestellt.

Mit den kurz erwähnten pathogenetisch nahestehenden Zustands‐bildern wird vor allem eine Verwandtschaft der Aminoacidurie vom Cystinosetyp mit der Coeliakie hervorgehoben und auf die Differenzial‐diagnose eingegangen.
Investigations into the Pyruvic Acid Concentration in Blood from Children with Convulsive Fits and Petit Maf and an Assessment of the Significance of Muscular Activity on Pyruvic Acid Estimations in Infants in General
Authors: LOODlNG CATO
Published: January 2008

The pyruvic acid concentration was estimated in blood from 20 children between the ages of 2 months and 13 years suffering from convulsive fits or petit mal. 25 patients between the ages of 6 weeks and 14 years with no tendency to convulsive fits or petit mal served as controls. A mean value of 1.43 mg per cent was found in the convulsive‐petit mal group (extremes 0.86 and 2.08 mg per cent), while in the control group the mean value was 1.30 mg per cent (extremes 0.83 and 2.07).

In the patients over 5 years of age, who generally kept quiet during the sampling, normal mean values were found both in the convulsive‐petit mal group and the control group. Those under 5 years of age, who never were at rest during the sampling, presented abnormally high mean values in both groups. The high pyruvic acid values are probably attributable to the great muscular activity displayed by these infants during the venepuncture. Experiments were made which showed that in children even light muscular work produces a rather considerable rise in the pyruvic acid concentration in blood. The conclusion is drawn that no significant difference is found between children with convulsive fits or petit mal and a control series with regard to the pyruvic acid concentration in blood.
The Effect of Universal Carbon‐Arc light Therapy on the Development of Immunity
Authors: HEINILD SV. , EDWARDS P. Q. , FDQHT‐NIELSEN K. ‐E. , HANSEN K. G. , MAGNUS K. , SCHEIBEL I.
Published: January 2008

A firm biological foundation for the beneficial effect of carbon‐arc light treatment is still lacking. Based on the assumption of a protective effect against infection, the investigations reported in this paper concern the production of antibodies in children during treatment with universal carbon‐arc light. Parallel control groups, treated with light of an indifferent ultraviolet content or with no light at all, were used in the studies. The formation of tetanus antitoxin after immunization with the usual doses of tetanus prophylactic could not be shown to be influenced by carbon‐arc light treatment. Neither was it possible to influence the tuberculin sensitivity of naturally positive persons, nor the development of local lesions and tuberculin allergy after vaccination with BCG. Attention is drawn to investigations concerning the neuro‐muscular system, physical capacity, and metabolic variations, as possibly being fruitful spheres for continued study, and strong emphasis is laid on the absolute necessity of accurate dosimetry in future scientific investigations concerning the biological effect of light.
Cortisone Treatment of Skin Involvement, Acrodermatitis Enteropathica, in a Case of Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas
Authors: UGLAND JENS
Published: January 2008

A case is reported of a child with fibrosis of the pancreas presenting a picture which resembled that earlier described in the disease designated acrodermatitis enteropathica and the possibility is suggested that this latter disease is always due to pancreatic fibrosis. The previously reported cases seem to support this assumption. The patient was treated with cortisone with very good effect. A preliminary account of the use of cortisone therapy for celiac disease is also given. The results noted appear to be encouraging.
Iodine and Sporadic Goiter in Childhood
Authors: HERLITZ GILLIS
Published: January 2008

Judging from the effects of treatment with iodine, reasons are given for the opinion that endemic and sporadic simple goiter in childhood may have different causes. Two pairs of identical twins with simple goiter of the sporadic type were followed for some years, one of each pair receiving intensive treatment with iodine and the other being left untreated. In neither of the cases could any effect of iodine be demonstrated. An increased demand for iodine in the food was obviously not the cause of the thyroid enlargement in these cases. Various possibilities regarding pathogenesis are discussed. The author is of the opinion that a reduced production of thyrotropic hormone by the anterior pituitary may be responsible for at least some cases of sporadic goiter just before and during puberty. The resulting compensatory enlargement of the thyroid in these cases is not the result of nutritional deficiency and consequently does not respond to the usual treatment with iodine.
Familial Early Infantile Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: BORNSTEIN B.
Published: January 2008

A report is given of two cases mdash; two children of a healthy mother mdash; who acquired myasthenia. The disease appeared in both cases, in the third month of their life. At the age of five and seven years respectively, typical symptoms were present, affecting the eyelid, face and chewing muscles. Prostigmin improved the symptoms.