bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REDUCTION OF THE CONTROL VOLTAGE IN THE AMPLITUDE ELECTROOPTIC MODULATOR AT MULTIPLE-INTERFERENCE IN A RING RESONATOR
Authors: Kanojka A. I.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, it’s described a method that allows to implement highly efficient amplitude modulation of radiation at the output of a ring resonator by controlling its artificial light losses, which are derived from it using two Y-shaped couplers. At the same time, the necessary constant level of light energy is provided in the resonator, which, due to the absence of radiation losses when entering it into the ring resonator, allows one to achieve a significantly lower value of the required control electric voltage than existing electro-optical modulators, and, therefore, a smaller amount of consumed electric power and an increase in working frequency range of modulation of optical radiation. The possibility of implementing the method under consideration is ensured by the fact that the input of light energy into the ring resonator can be carried out without loss, in addition, single-mode waveguides are able to maintain the temporal coherence of transmitted radiation, which ensures the implementation of multipath interference. The stabilization of the optical characteristics of a ring resonator, which is very sensitive to changes in various external factors, for example, temperature, pressure, vibrations, can be achieved by electro-optical correction of the length of the optical path of the resonator by introducing a controlled phase element operating on the transverse electro-optical effect into the ring resonator and implementing corresponding optoelectronic feedback circuit.
AUTOMATED DEVICE FOR ICE SURFACE QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Davydov M. V. , Belous P. A.
Published: March 2020

Results of ice quality assessment depending on various conditions of the environment and ice preparation are presented in article. The optimum indicators of the studied values influencing the ice surface quality are revealed. It is possible to estimate ice speed qualities objectively with the device, that imitates skater sliding. The purpose of the study is to determine the dependence of the sliding friction coefficient on the parameters of water treatment, the conditions for freezing the ice surface, the temperature of the ice surface, hardness and other parameters. The imitation is the movement of the mobile platform mounted on skates, supplied with the module transferring to the personal computer the values of skates sliding on the ice surface friction parameters. To measure the distance traveled by the device, the laser ranging method was used. The efficiency of the developed device and the technique of its application for assessment of ice quality on sports arenas are shown. The dependences of the quality of the ice surface on the surface temperature of the ice, air temperature, temperature of the poured water are considered. Accounting of these indicators during competitions allows to create «fast» ice for high sports results demonstration. The best values of the range of the device were recorded with the following parameters: ice surface temperature – from –3,5 to –4,5 °С, concrete slab temperature – –6 °С, ice thickness – 27–29 mm, filled water temperature – 50–55 °С, cutting the top layer of ice with an ice-filling machine – 100 %. The worst values of the range of the device were obtained with the following parameters: ice surface temperature – from –5,3 to –5,4 °С, filled water temperature – 30–35 °С, the top layer of ice was not cutby an ice-filling machine.
A SEARCHING ALGORITHM FOR TEXT WITH MISTAKES
Authors: Nasr S. , German O. V.
Published: March 2020

The paper contains a new text searching method representing modification of the Boyer-Moore algorithm and enabling a user to find the places in the text where the given substring occurs maybe with possible errors, that is the string in text and a query may not coincide but nevertheless are identical. The idea consists in division of the searching process in two phases: at the first phase a fuzzy variant of the Boyer–Moore algorithm is performed; at the second phase the Dice metrics is used. The advantage of suggested technique in comparison with the known methods using the fixed value of the mistakes number is that it 1) does not perform precomputation of the auxiliary table of the sizes comparable to the original text sizes and 2) it more flexibly catches the semantics of the erroneous text substrings even for a big number of mistakes. This circumstance extends possibilities of the Boyer–Moore method by addmitting a bigger amount of possible mistakes in text and preserving text semantics. The suggested method provides also more accurate regulation of the upper boundary for the text mistakes which differs it from the known methods with fixed value of the maximum number of mistakes not depending on the text sizes. Moreover, this upper boundary is defined as Levenshtein distance not suitable for evaluating a relevance of the founded text and a query, while the Dice metrics provides such a relevance. In fact, if maximum Levenshtein distanse is 3 then how one can judge if this value is big or small to provide relevance of the search results. Consequently, the suggested method is more flexible, enables one to find relevant answers even in case of a big number of mistakes in text. The efficiency of the suggested method in the worst case is O(nc) with constant c defining the biggest allowable number of mistakes.
ANALYTICAL MODEL OF NOISE STABILITY CALCULATION OF SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPOSITIONAL MODULATION AND CODING BY REED-SOLOMON ALGORITHM
Authors: Lipkovich E. B. , Kovshik V. A. , Serchenya A. A.
Published: March 2020

The aim of this article is to create analytical models that estimate the continuity and effectiveness of digital radio communication systems using multipositional types of modulation (CAM-M, PM-M, FM-M, AM-M) and block coding according to the Reed–Solomon algorithm (RS) with hard decoding. In contrast to the well-known approaches to determining the noise immunity of systems that require computation model, new estimating models are presented that do not require knowledge of the spectrum coefficients, computer simulation training methods and graphical construction of interference curves for various types of modulation and coding parameters. The calculated ratios presented in the article include only the main parameters of the code (free distance, codeword length, relative code speed) and of the modulation type (modulation order, squared noise immunity). They make it possible to directly determine the theoretically required values of signalto-noise ratios (SNR) for input devices from given probabilistic errors based on RS signals, as well as to study the energy gain from coding (EGC), accessible and frequency-efficient systems. Based on the proposed rations, the calculations of the main characteristics of the communication channels for various parameters of the RS codes, the reliability of reception, types and orders of modulation are performed. Comparison of the results of calculation of noise immunity and system effectiveness given in the article with known similar characteristics obtained as a result of computer modeling confirms the correctness of the presented analytical models. The error of the constructed noise immunity curves does not exceed 0.1 dB in the operating range of the SNR. The materials presented in this article are original and can be used in the design, calculation and development of terrestrial and satellite systems.
HEARING CORRECTION METHOD BASED ON PSYCHOACOUSTICALLY MOTIVATED FREQUENCY TRANSPOSITION IN A SPEECH SIGNAL
Authors: Porhun M. I. , Vashkevich M. I.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the work was to develop a speech signal processing method for the hearing pathologies correction based on psychoacoustically motivated transposition of high-frequency components of the signal spectrum to the low-frequency region with subsequent frequency-dependent amplification. To achieve this goal, several tasks related to the development of principles of frequency transposition in a speech signal were solved. The adjustment of the method is carried out according to the audiogram of a deaf person. For frequency transposition, source and target frequency bands are selected. The width of the source frequency band is fixed, while the width of the target band is adaptive. Spectrum transposition is performed only for consonants, the perception of which is more difficult for people with hearing loss. The classification of sounds (into vowel-consonant - pause classes) is implemented using one-layer neural network. The feature vector consists of: the zero crossing rate, short-term energy, short-term magnitude, normalized autocorrelation function and the first spectral moment. To preserve the naturalness of transposed sounds, the concept of equal loudness is used. To compensate for the attenuation in the perception of sound by a deaf person, a frequencydependent signal amplification based on an audiogram is used. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified experimentally using hearing loss effect simulation. The experiment involved 10 people who were given to listen to the recordings passed through the hearing loss model, as well as recordings passed through the hearing loss model with subsequent correction (using proposed method). The results showed that using the proposed hearing correction method improves speech intelligibility on average by 6 %.
AMPLITUDE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT PLANE DIMENSIONS INFLUENCE ON THE HOLOGRAPHIC METHOD ANTENNA ARRAY RADIATION PATTERN RECONSTRUCTION ERRORS
Authors: Yurtsev O. A. , Shimanouski R. Ch.
Published: March 2020

The article explores the holographic method of measuring the antenna pattern. A flat antenna array is used as the antenna under test, and a planar rectangular surface is used as the surface on which the amplitudephase distribution in the near field is measured. Using the example of a flat antenna array, we consider the influence of the size of the measurement surface of the amplitude-phase distribution of the field in a plane orthogonal to the reconstruction plane of the radiation pattern. Antenna emitters are excited with a combined amplitude distribution and linear phase distribution. The field in the longitudinal zone of the lattice is determined using the Kirchhoff integral. The reconstructed radiation patterns are estimated using the amplitude-phase distribution over the entire measurement plane in comparison with the array radiation pattern in the far zone. A numerical analysis of the influence on the errors in determining the parameters of the lattice radiation pattern using the holographic method is also carried out: the number of columns of the amplitude-phase distribution on the measurement plane, the position of this plane in three coordinates relative to the plane of the aperture of the lattice. It is shown that if the spacing of the points of measurement of the amplitude-phase distribution and the pitch of the lattice are equal, to restore the radiation pattern using the holographic method, it is sufficient to use one column of the amplitude-phase distribution on the measurement plane. This greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of the measurement process and the necessary equipment. Examples of determining errors in measuring the parameters of the antenna array when shifting the plane of measurement of the amplitude-phase distribution in three coordinates are given.
ANALYSIS OF RADIO SIGNAL PARAMETERS FOR EMISSION SOURCE IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Arkhipenkov D. V.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the article is the need to create a single portrait of a radioemission source and identification methods. Radiomonitoring tools are used to detect, identify and locate sources of radioemission in the coverage area. One of the important tasks solved by the radio monitoring system is the reception (interception) of transmitted messages on the air and signal identification. The article deals with the classification of the main parameters of radioemission sources, provides a classification of the modulation types and the main its parameters. The signal structure can be determined by autocorrelation and correlation methods. Autocorrelation is used to determine signal parameters such as the transmission duration, data block duration. Correlation allows to identify a specific signal from the set. To detect a radioemission source, two generalized algorithms are presented: recognition of the radioemission source type by unknown parameters and an algorithm for identifying a radiation source by given parameters. A simulation result of a radioemission source recognition algorithm with given parameters is presented; a linear frequencymodulated signature was used as a given signal. The result of the algorithm is a single outlier with full signal compliance, when the signals diverge, the outlier width increases, which indicates a discrepancy. This algorithm can be used to search for a given type of signal, which allows to increase the strip analysis speed and the detection accuracy. To increase the detection accuracy, it is recommended to use a combination of two algorithms with additional digital signal processing, which should lead to an increase in the accuracy of type of signal determining and a more rapid determination of the radiation source parameters.
INFLUENCE OF SILICON WAFER CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION ON ANODIZATION MECHANISM
Authors: Grevtsov N. L. , Klimenka A. V. , Hurbo A. D. , Bondarenko V. P.
Published: March 2020

The influence of silicon wafer crystallographic orientation on the formation of porous silicon during anodization in an HF solution is studied. Cross-section SEM image comparison of samples with different crystallographic orientations has shown that (111) Si samples exhibit a more branching, tree-like pore structure with a higher porosity value compared to (100) Si samples. This phenomenon is explained by pointing out differences in crystal structure and numbers of Si-Si chemical bonds in different crystallographic directions. Namely, in (100)-oriented silicon crystals every surface Si atom has two bonds connecting it to atoms underneath it, as well as two broken bonds able to interact with Fions. Through electron injection into silicon, enough energy is applied to break the underlying bonds, forming SiF as a result. The presence of two Fions bonded with every surface silicon atom leads to weakening the bonds of surface silicon atoms with the underlying atoms, thus making the process of breaking the Si-Si bonds more energy efficient. As for (111)-oriented crystals, silicon atoms only have one broken surface bond, and breaking backbonds with underlying silicon atoms requires a higher value of activation energy due to their larger amount (three as opposed to two for (100) silicon). It is concluded that this very reason leads to slower etching speeds of (111)-oriented silicon wafers. The results help evaluate the way the silicon crystal structure affects the etching process, including its speed and direction, which is an especially important factor to consider when forming (111)-oriented porous silicon.
INTELLIGIBILITY OF THE KAZAKH SPEECH WHEN IT'S PROTECTED WITH COMBINED MASKING SIGNALS
Authors: Seitkulov Y. N. , Boranbayev S. N. , Davydau H. V. , Patapovich A. V.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to assessing the intelligibility of the Kazakh speech when it's masked by combined signals, including «white» noise and speech-like signals. The phonetics features of the Kazakh language have been considered taking into account the law of syngarmonism and the spectrum differences of speech in the Kazakh language and speech in the Russian language. A technique for assessing the intelligibility of the Kazakh speech when it's masked by «white» noise and speech-like signals is proposed. The aim of the work is to analyze well-known methods for speech intelligibility assessing and applying these methods to assess speech intelligibility in the Kazakh language, taking into account masking by its combined signals. Due to the fact that the use of the articulation method of assessing intelligibility for the Kazakh speech requires a dependence of intelligibility on the articulation index for this particular language (the application for the Kazakh language has not been experimentally tested), the use of the formant approach to speech intelligibility assessing will be examined in more detail. The curried out experimental studies of the spectral density of speech in the Kazakh language made it possible to obtain it's approximate dependence on the frequency and take into account the phonetic features of the Kazakh speech when assessing the security of the speech information using the formant method.
CONDENSER STRUCTURES BASED ON BARIUM TITANATE FILMS FORMED BY SOL-GEL METHOD
Authors: Kholov P. A. , Gaponenko N. V. , Shaidakova K. V. , Krymski V. I. , Filipenya V. A. , Petlitskaya T. V. , Kolos V. V. , Pyatlitski A N.
Published: March 2020

The objective of the work is investigation the dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of BaTiO3 films in a capacitor structure formed by sol – gel method on a Si/TiOx/Pt substrate. The basis of this capacitor is a four-layer film of barium titanate xerogel with a thickness of about 200 nm. The film was synthesized by sol-gel method at a final annealing temperature 750 °C. The problems related to the development of method of forming multilayer capacitor structures, the analysis of the morphology and phase composition of BaTiO3 film, and also the measurement of the capacitance-voltage characteristics in the frequency range 10 kHz – 2 MHz have been solved. Morphology of the films was analyzed using a Hitachi S-4800 scanning electron microscope. X-ray diffraction spectra was recorded using a DRON-3 automated diffractometer, using monochromatic CuKα radiation. Capacitance-voltage characteristics were obtained using a B1500A semiconductor analyzer. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent, calculated for capacitance measurements, are changed as follows: for a bias voltage of U = 0 V, the change in ε is 232–214, and tanδ 0.022–0.16, and for a bias voltage of U = 10 V, ε occurs in the range 135–124 and tanδ from 0.02 to 0.1. The obtained frequency dependences of the dielectric constant of BaTiO3 films show a decrease in the dielectric constant in the range of 10 kHz – 2 MHz. It was found that, with a BaTiO3 film thickness of less than 100 nm, a thin-film capacitor with a lower platinum electrode is not always formed, which is probably caused by shunting of the structure.
EFFECT OF RAPID THERMAL TREATMENT ТЕMPERATURE ON ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NICKEL FILMS ON SILICON
Authors: Solovjov Ja. A. , Pilipenko V. A.
Published: March 2020

Present work is devoted to determination the regularity of change of specific resistance and Schottky barrier height of nickel films on n-type silicon (111) at their rapid thermal treatment in the temperatures range from 200 to 550 °C. Nickel films of about 60 nm thickness were deposited by magnetron sputtering onto the silicon substrates having a resistivity of 0.58 to 0.53 Ohms×cm. The rapid thermal treatment was carried out in the range of 200 to 550 °C under heat balance mode by irradiating the backside of the substrates with non-coherent light flux in nitrogen ambient for 7 seconds. The thickness of the nickel films was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The sheet resistance of the samples was measured by a four-probe method. The Schottky barrier height was determined from I-V plots. It is shown that at a temperatureы of rapid thermal treatment of Ni/n-Si (111) 200–250 °C nickel will be transformed to Ni2Si, increasing in thickness by 1.15–1.33 times, specific resistance increases to 26–30 μOhm×cm, and Schottky barrier height decreases from 0.66 to 0.6 V. At a rapid thermal treatment temperature of 300°C the initial nickel film thickness increases by 1.93 times, the resistivity and Schottky barrier height decrease to 26–30 μOhm×cm and 0.59 V respectively due to the conversion of the Ni2Si into NiSi and the fixation of the barrier height by surface states at the silicidesilicon interface. Rapid thermal treatment of 350–550 °C transforms the original nickel film into NiSi, increases its thickness by 2.26–2.67 times, reduces its resistivity to 15–18 μOhm×cm and increases the Schottky barrier height to 0.62–0.64 V. The minimum defects and better reproducibility of electrophysical properties are characterized by NiSi films formed by rapid thermal treatment of nickel films on n-type silicon at a temperature of 400–450 °C. The results obtained can be used in the technology of integrated electronics products containing rectifying contacts.
ELECTROMAGNETIC AND SOUND INSULATION PROPERTIES OF COMBINED SHIELDS BASED ON THE NEEDLE-PUNCHING MATERIAL AND FRAGMENTS OF ALUMINUM FOIL
Authors: Abdulhadi H.D. A. , Almashat Е.А. A. , Boiprav O. V. , Bogush V. A. , Prudnik A. M.
Published: March 2020

A method for creating the electromagnetic radiation shields, which consists in fixing fragments of aluminum foil on the surface of a needle-punched carbon-containing material has been proposed. In accordance to the proposed method the shield samples have been made. The fragments of the used aluminium foil were in the form of rectangles or half rings the overall dimensions of which didn't exceed 20 mm. Using an automated meter of transmission and reflection coefficients SNA 0.01–18, shielding characteristics in the frequency range 0.7–17 GHz of the shield samples made in accordance with the proposed method have been obtained. Using the measuring stand, the main components of which were a white noise generator, power amplifier, speaker, sound analyzer MANOM-2, in the frequency range 20–16000 Hz, the soundproofing properties of the shield samples made in accordance with the proposed method have been obtained. It was shown that the values of the electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficients in the frequency range of 0.7–17 GHz of the investigated shields vary from –0.5 to –19.0 dB, and the electromagnetic radiation transmission coefficient in the specified frequency range vary from –2.0 up to –18.0 dB. It was found that the of electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient values in the frequency range 0.7–17 GHz and the electromagnet radiation transmission coefficient values in the frequency range 6–17 GHz of the shields made in accordance with the proposed method using fragments of aluminum foil in the form of half rings, by 1,0–6.0 dB below the same values of the shields made using fragments of aluminum foil in the form of rectangles. It was determined that the studied shields provide sound attenuation by 2–3 dB in the frequency range from 20–16000 Hz. In view of the obtained results, shields manufactured in accordance with the proposed method are recommended for use in order to protect information circulating in the premises from leakage through the acoustic channel and the channel of secondary electromagnetic radiation.
STATISTICAL PROCESSING OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR CONCLUSION ON THE PRESENCE OF THE TIME TRENDS
Authors: Mukha V. S.
Published: March 2020

The technic of the processing of the meteorological data for conclusion on the presence of the time trends in the quantitative characteristics of the weather on the example of the analysis of the average yearly atmospheric temperature change at the meteorological station Minsk from 1989 is presented. The average yearly atmospheric temperature received from the measurements is approximated by the least square error method in the linear time dependence regression function. The linear time dependence regression function received in such a way has some positive growing (positive trend). The aim of this paper is to clarify the significance of this growth. For this aim, the usage of the regression analysis with its procedures of hypotheses testing is proposed. First of all, the performing of the demands presented to the regression analysis is checked: normality of the distribution of the disturbance and the homogeneity of the variance (dispersion) of the disturbance. The normality of the distribution of the disturbance was checked and confirmed by the Kolmogorov test. The homogeneity of the dispersion of the disturbance was checked and confirmed both by checking the hypotheses on the equality of the dispersions of two normal distributions and by the Smirnov test for checking the hypotheses on the equality of two distributions. For checking the significance of the positive trend of the yearly mean temperature, the hypotheses on the significance of the coefficients of the linear regression function by the Student t-statistics and the hypothesis on the linear connection presence by the analysis of variance were checked. As the result, the insignificance of the positive linear trend from 1998 to 2016 and from 1998 to 2017 and its significance from 1998 to 2018 and from 1998 to 2019 on the level of significance 0.05 for mean average yearly atmospheric temperature at the meteorological station Minsk was stated.
Metodoloxía e Análise das linguas de signos: dos datos á teoría (e volta)
Authors: Cabeza Pereiro María Del Carmen
Published: March 2020

*
Injection, Execution and Infection Working of Ransom ware
Authors:   Principal, Bhagubhai Mafatlal Polytechnique, Navi Mumbai, India., Shaikh M. Z. , Mane Sulakshana B. ,   Bhrarati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, India.
Published: March 2020

Ransom ware is type of Cyber malware which is used by attacker to block the computer system until some ransom is paid by victim .It propagates by malicious email attachments, links offering free software internet downloads etc.During given time it has to pay money which is demanded by ransom ware. This paper indicates the introduction of Ransom ware. How it works and types, attack methodology and threat carriers of Ransom ware and preventative precautions
Mechanical and Wear Properties of Cold Extruded Al6063 Metal Matrix Alloy Reinforced with Silicon Carbide, Alumina and Cerium Oxide
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ghousia college of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Balgavi, Karnataka, India., Nazeer Abdul , Safiulla Mir ,   Professor & Principal, Islamiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Balgavi, Karnataka, India.
Published: March 2020

Metal matrix composite is considered in various engineering fields like Automobile, medical, electronics aerospace, marine, recreational sectors, of which Aluminum metal matrix composite is considered mostly because of its high strength to weight ratio, easy of fabrication, corrosion resistance, good aesthetic appearance and high resistance to wear etc. This paper concentrates on the effect of secondary processing (Cold Extrusion) on mechanical and wear properties of Al6063 reinforced with SiC, Al2O3 and CeO2 particles. Here composite systems prepared by varying reinforcement from 0% to 8% in steps of 2%. Stir casting route adopted for casting composite systems after casting the composite is made to pass through extrusion process with an extrusion ratio of 1.93 with a total strain of 1.45. All composite systems tested for mechanical properties as per ASTM and ISO standard. Wear test was conducted on pin on disc setup for different loads, reinforcement, sliding distance and sliding speed. Results reveals that due increase in reinforcement the mechanical properties have improved further improvement observed when subjected to extrusion process, similar observation was made for wear studies which conclude the wear rate is improved for extruded composite as compared to cast composite systems observed by various researchers.
Robot Assisted Routing and Navigation System for Visually Impaired People
Authors:   Final year M.Tech Student, Department of Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India,, S Vishnu Prasad , Shanmuganantham T. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics Engineering , Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India,
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with the work on creating a robot assisted navigation system for the visually impaired people. The ability to see is an important gift that helps human beings to live their everyday lives, but not all people are blessed with this ability. The normal blind navigation devices deals with on-body devices that the user must carry, but this paper is talking about is a small rover that can be held by the user using a hanlde. The device will contain a raspberry pi module for taking data from a camera on-board to see the environment and make object and obstacle detection. The 4-WD rover will be controlled by an Arduino device which will be connected to the mobile of the user via a Bluetooth module. The user just has to say the name of the location he needs to go to by opening an application, the rest of the routing and transport will be done by the raspberry pi and Arduino.
Postharvest Application of Moringa Gum and Cinnamon Essential Oil as Edible Herbal Coating for Extending Shelf Life and Quality of Guava Psidium Guajava
Authors:   Department of Food Process Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India., S Sabah Shehabudheen A. , Selvam S. Periyar ,   Department of Food Process Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India., Mitra Anushka ,   Department of Food Process Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India., D Priscilla Mercy Anitha. ,   Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India., Kumar M. Mahesh ,   Department of Food Process Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.
Published: March 2020

In recent years, the use of various chemicals before and after harvest has become common to boost shelf life. However, the use of these chemicals has its own drawbacks, as some of them are considered to be harmful to the environment and also unfeasible. The main objective of this study is to use edible herbal coating formulations based on Moringa gum [MG] (Concentration: 1, 2 3, 4 and 5 %) and cinnamon essential oil (1 %) for the enhancement of quality and lifespan of guava kept at room temperature for 15 days by applying two methods of coating; dipping and brushing. The guava was dipped and brushed in MG solution for 2 minutes. Analyses of the guavas were done at every 3 days interval. The treatment C3D (Concentration 3 %; dipping) showed the minimum shrinkage index (13.34 %), Physiological Weight Loss [PWL] (27.09 %), fungal decay (70 %), pH (3.76), Total Soluble Solids (TSS) (11.14 °B), mesophilic microbial count (6.73 log CFU/g) as compared to the other samples. The maximum firmness (190.72 N), Titratable Acidity [TA] (0.28 g/L), antioxidant content (15.58 %) and phenolic content (15.93 mg GAE/g) were also observed in C3D coated guavas. These findings indicate that usage of C3D MG coating was successful in maintaining the physiochemical properties of guava and in preserving the fruit's sensory qualities. Future studies would benefit the industries on the utilization of MG for postharvest management of fruits and vegetables as a healthy alternative to chemical fungicides.
The Flexural Strength of Concrete Panels with Crystalline Ceramic Waste Aggregates
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Muhammadiyah Jember, Jember, 68121, Indonesia., Muhtar
Published: March 2020

Increased development has an impact on increasing material requirements and environmental pollution due to waste. Material needs must consider the energy-saving aspects and the thought of useless material to be useful, one of which is a crystalline ceramic waste. The crystalline ceramic waste is very sharp and hard. The utilization of crystalline ceramic waste as a concrete panel material is very important to reduce environmental pollution. The purpose of this research was to utilize crystalline ceramic waste as a concrete panel material and test its flexural capacity. Panel testing was carried out on specimens measuring 30 mm x 400 mm x 800 mm assuming the panel as a deep beam on simple support. Testing is done by a three-point bending flexural test method. Loading is carried out monotonically until the panel collapses. From the results of the ceramic concrete panel test showed that the flexural strength increased by 31.89% compared to the flexural strength of normal concrete panels.
Detection of Congestive Heart Failure using Naive Bayes Classifier
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar, India., Deka Dipen
Published: March 2020

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is gradually becoming more prevalent due to the stressed lifestyles in modern life. Accurate detection with lower computational complexity and lower cost of diagnosis is a challenge to the researchers in this domain. In this work, I have proposed an approach using naive Bayes algorithm with a lesser number of significantly discriminating features for differentiating the CHF subjects from the normal subjects. The small size of feature sets enhances the computational efficiency and the choice of strong features improves the accuracy. The features are chosen on the basis of p-value of the 2-sample t-test performed between the two types of subjects. Using the p-value, 6 features are selected to train, validate and test the classifier. Publicly available benchmark PhysioNet datasets for congestive heart failure patients and normal subjects are used to carry out the experimentation. This approach is able to provide 100% classification accuracy as well as sensitivity and specificity of 100% in identifying CHF patients employing Gaussian naive Bayes algorithm.
Driver State Alert Control using Head Shoulder Inclination and Facial Landmarks
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, India., Ebrahim Ashitha , T. Fathimathul Harshima P. ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, India, T. Aby Abahai ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, India.
Published: March 2020

Driver sleepiness is one in all the most important causes of most of the accidents within the world. Detecting the driver’s eye weariness is the simplest way for detecting the somnolence of the driver. The prevailing systems in the literature cannot discover sleepiness in folks having lagophthalmos (condition that forestalls eyes from closing utterly) and monocular vision (person with one-eyed or sight loss in one eye). To solve this downside a Driver State Alert Control system is projected which makes the use of head-shoulder inclination, face detection, eye detection, emotion recognition, eye openness estimation and blink counts for detecting the sleepiness and collision liability associated with robust emotional factors. The projected framework endlessly analyses the head shoulder inclination and facial lineaments of the driver to alert the driver by activating the alarm once he/she is drowsy or showing emotion unstable to drive. The typical separation between upper eyelid and lower eyelid of adults suffering from lagophthalmos is about 1-5mm. The EAR (Eye Aspect Ratio) is calculated supporting this separately for each eye. Thus, the proposed technique can be used for folks with lagophthalmos and monocular vision. Also, the entities don’t solely rely on blink count to ascertain the sleepiness, collision risks related to robust emotional factors are considered too. The projected system which is enforced with one camera view on open CV and raspberry pi setting illustrates the systems good efficiency in particulars of authentic sleep identification results and thus reduces road mishaps. It is easy to place in any type of vehicle and price effective too.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE VOCABULARY: THE KEY MEANS OF ENHANCEMENT
Authors: Yurko Nadiya , Romanchuk Olga , Protsenko Ulyana , Styfanyshyn Iryna
Published: March 2020

The article considers the continuous necessity of improving and expanding any language vocabulary and the actuality of clear and concise communication at an international level. Vocabulary is a skill based on all areas of communication. Extensive vocabulary, along with grammar, listening, speaking, reading, and writing, is an essential tool and one of the largest challenges in learning a second language. Thus, building vocabulary is one of the easiest ways to improve communication. In view of the great importance and constant need for learning new words in a foreign language, efficient vocabulary has been the subject of multiple research. The purpose of the article is to determine the key enhancement means of a foreign language vocabulary. The research findings suggest that by using the means outlined in this article, one should be well on his way to discovering and learning new words to expand his vocabulary and strengthen his use of a foreign language.
FAKTOR RISIKO MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDs) PADA PEKERJA TENUN IKAT DI KELURAHAN TUAN KENTANG KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Shobur Sherli , Maksuk Maksuk , Sari Fenti Indah
Published: March 2020

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) adalah penyakit yang mempunyai gejala yang menyerang otot, syaraf, tendon, ligamen tulang sendi, tulang rawan, dan syaraf tulang belakang. Penelitian ini bertujuan diketahuinyaanalisis Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada pekerja tenun ikat di kelurahan tuan kentang kota palembang tahun 2019. Desain penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ini pekerja tenun ikat di Kelurahan Tuan Kentang Kota Palembang yang berjumlah berjumlah 44 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar Nordic Body Map. Analisis hubungan menggunakan Uji statistik chi square  (α=0,05). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada 23 April 2019. Hasil analisis hubungan didapatkan nilai masing-masing variabel terhadap MSDs adalah  umur (p=0,012), lama kerja(p=0,027), masa kerja (p=0,027), aktivitas berulang (p=0,012), kesegaran fisik (p=0,027),  jenis kelamin (p=0,702). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara umur, lama kerja, masa kerja, aktivitas berulang dan kesegaran fisik serta tidak ada hubungan jenis kelamin dengan MSDs. Disarankan untuk lebih memperhatikan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja pada pekerja terutama pada gangguan musculoskeletal disorders yang disebabkan karena kondisi lingkungan kerja dan beban kerja yang kurang sesuai sehingga dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya produktivitas kerja.
HYBRID FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH POZZOLANIC MATERIALS
Authors: Fard Saeid Golizadeh
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates the possibility of combining steel fibers with different weight percentages along with their functions in increasing compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and bending strength. It`s been considered an important economic issue for a long time the ability to service and increase the load-bearing capacity of structural materials. Concrete as a widely used structural material is widely used today. Despite its remarkable properties including high ductility, high durability, longevity, availability and low cost, concrete is a brittle material and performs extremely poor under flexural and tensile loads. In general, the breakdown and destruction of concrete is strongly dependent on the formation of cracks and micro-cracks. As the loading increases, the micro-cracks interconnect and form cracks. In order to address this problem and to create homogeneous conditions, a series of thin filaments has been used throughout the concrete in recent decades; They are called fibers. Steel fiber is one of the most commonly used fibers in concrete. In this study, the compressive strength of concrete was investigated which in some specimens reinforced with steel and containing pozzolanic materials, the compressive strength of control samples increased with the use of fiber etc. In the present study, the flexural and tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced specimens were investigated. According to the results, flexural strength increases with increase in steel fibers. The designs contain 1%, 1.5% and 2% of the Dramix hooked steel fibers used in the research. By reinforcing the specimens with steel fibers, the behavior of tensile concrete is much more flexible than that of non-steel specimens.
Testing a Structural Model of Constraints Negotiation in Spectator Sports: The Moderating Effect of Satisfaction with Marketing Strategies
Authors: Chun Ma Shang , Min Ma Shang , Rotherham Ian D.
Published: March 2020

This study extends the leisure constraints literature and empirically tests the constraints–effects– mitigation model within the context of spectator sports. The moderating effects of satisfaction with marketing strategies on the constraints–negotiation relationship
and the motivation–negotiation relationship were also examined. Data (n = 997) were collected from spectators attending Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) games during the regular seasons in 2014 and 2015. Results showed that 1) negotiation works to independently influence
participation; 2) the relationship between motivation and participation is partially mediated by negotiation strategies; 3) the relationship between motivation and negotiation is moderated by satisfaction with marketing strategies; and 4) constraints have no significant influence on participation
and negotiation. The results advance our understanding of the factors influencing consumers' leisure participation and the decision-making mechanism. This could help professional sport teams develop more effective and targeted marketing strategies. The findings may also help enrich sport spectators'
consumption of leisure experiences.
La legitimidad de los tribunales constitucionales en el Estado de derecho constitucional
Authors: González Soto Ricardo Antonio
Published: March 2020

Se examina la transición del Estado de derecho legal al constitucional y cómo este nuevo sistema jurídico y político provoca que se generen tensiones entre los tribunales constitucionales y los poderes ejecutivo y, especialmente, legislativo, que tradicionalmente habían ejercido su autoridad, de manera casi omnipotente. En ese sentido, se vislumbra como la Constitución adquiere un papel fundamental en los Estados, constituyéndose en un conjunto de normas y principios que, de manera especial, tiende a limitar el poder de los representantes de los poderes públicos, muchas veces elegidos de forma democrática, obligándolos respetar y garantizar los derechos esenciales de todos, incluyendo los de las minorías.Asimismo, ante estos cambios en los paradigmas constitucionales, los órganos de justicia y, especialmente, los tribunales constitucionales, adquieren un rol preponderante en las sociedades, ya que todo el ordenamiento jurídico se ve permeado de un nuevo constitucionalismo que emana de la fuerza normativa de la Constitución. No obstante, la función de control constitucional de las leyes reconocida a estos tribunales especializados ha generado cuestionamientos acerca de su legitimidad, sobre todo en relación a si debe permitirse que un tribunal integrado por jueces carentes de respaldo democrático, puedan invalidar las decisiones del poder legislativo, el cual claramente goza de legitimidad por ser los representantes directos de la población, surgiendo la interrogante acerca de si es o no compatible esa labor de control constitucional en una democracia. Por ello, se analizan las tensiones entre constitucionalización y democracia, así como la legitimidad de los tribunales constitucionales, explorando sus fundamentos y objeciones, concluyendo con algunas ideas y reflexiones finales.
Lucha contra la Corrupción Universitaria: paso clave para el Nexo Seguridad-Desarrollo en Guatemala
Authors: Bobadilla López William Gilberto
Published: March 2020

Existe una forma de cooptación estatal paradójicamente descuidada hasta ahora por el discurso anticorrupción local, a saber, la captura instrumental de la Academia, modalidad específica por la que redes cooptantes y actores corruptos no sólo se han apropiado de un sector clave para la Nación sino, además, lo han convertido en “base de operaciones de asalto” de instituciones clave del Estado, situación que ha llegado a tal nivel de agravamiento que resulta inaceptable y contraproducente que dicho tema siga siendo dejado de lado, no sólo por las consecuencias negativas que tal negligencia ha generado hasta la fecha (significativas en sí), sino por la importancia decisiva de la Educación Superior para el futuro del País, cuestión que hace indispensable revertir la cooptación existente para que la Educación Terciaria contribuya efectiva, y no sólo retóricamente, a la seguridad y desarrollo nacionales, cosa que depende, en primer lugar, de un diálogo extenso y sostenido (al que se pretende contribuir con este análisis) de las condiciones que han dado origen a tal captura de la Academia nacional, así como de sus manifestaciones y efectos principales a la fecha, y los obstáculos y formas necesarias para su neutralización.
Study Concerning the Qualitative Improvement of Formic Acid and Sodium Formate
Authors: Neacsa Ana , Macarovici Dan , Cerghizan Vasile
Published: March 2020

The technical grade formic acid containing iron ions under the maximum limits (0,015 % Fe) presents sometimes a pink colour affecting the quality. In order to eliminate this colour the formic acid solution was passed through several absorbents. Among those, the best proved to be the cationite C 100 H. The pink colour dissapears at an iron content below 0,002% Fe. The crystalline powder of the technical grade sodium formate become agglomerate by the absorbtion of the atmospheric humidity. This phenomenon may be prevented by covering the crystals with a sodium stearate film (0,5 � 0,1 % sodium stearate), achieved in certain conditions.
Chemical Technological Characterization of Some Secondary Pulverous Materials Recycled in Metallurgy
Authors: Predescu Constantin , Sohaciu Mirela Gabriela , Serban Dana , Nicolae Maria
Published: March 2020

Putting in practice the recycling projects of the damaging secondary powder products as dust, scale (mixture of oxides � fabrication defect appearing at rolling) or sand resulted in steel industry effluents removal, needs to be characterized from physical, chemical and technological point of view. This paper aims to realise a new classification of the damaging material and new definitions for their characteristics. The proposed groups are: producing characteristics, impact characteristics, removal characteristics and recycling valorisation characteristics. To underline the technological importance of the used characteristics as work instruments has been programmed experimental researches regarding the diminishing of the recycling of the dust and the sand obtained after the electric arc furnace gas removal and scale from rolling. The characteristics of recycling valorisation have been assessed: chemical composition and Zn assimilation ratio in the steel, the efficiency in liquid steel, the degree of replacing the scrap iron and the recycling chemical composition.