bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a prediction model for radiotherapy response among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on the tumor immune microenvironment and hypoxia signature
Authors: Zhu Guang‐Li , Yang Kai‐Bin , Xu Cheng , Feng Rui‐Jia , Li Wen‐Fei , Ma Jun
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The immune system and hypoxia are major factors influencing radiosensitivity in patients with different cancer types. This study aimed at developing a model to predict radiotherapy response in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) based on the tumor immune microenvironment and hypoxia signature.

Materials and Methods

We first evaluated the hypoxia status and tumor immune microenvironment in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort by using transcriptomic data. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the “high immunity and low hypoxia” and “low immunity and high hypoxia” groups and those DEGs significantly associated with disease‐specific survival in the univariate Cox regression analysis were selected as the prognostic DEGs. We selected the immune hypoxia–related genes (IHRGs) by intersecting prognostic DEGs with immune and hypoxia gene sets. We used the IHRGs to train a multivariate Cox regression model in the TCGA cohort, based on which we calculated the IHRG prognostic index (IHRGPI) for each patient and validated its efficacy in predicting radiotherapy response in the Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts. Furthermore, we explored potential mechanisms and effective combinational treatment strategies for different IHRGPI groups.

Results

Five IHRGs were used to construct the IHRGPI, which was used to dichotomize the cohorts. The patients with lower IHRGPI showed a better radiotherapy response across different cohorts and endpoints, including overall survival, progression‐free survival, and recurrence‐free survival (p < 0.05). Patients with higher IHRGPI showed greater hypoxia and lesser immune cell infiltration. A lower IHRGPI indicated a better immunotherapy response, while a higher IHRGPI indicated a better chemotherapy response.

Conclusions

IHRGPI is promising for predicting radiotherapy response and guiding combinational treatment strategies in patients with HNSCC.
iFriend on Zoom: Can social skills be taught virtually?
Authors: Gelman Daniella , Arzamarski Caley , Rich Beverly , deSteiguer Abby
Published: May 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and nationwide lockdowns forced individuals to transition their everyday, in‐person lives to a remote, virtual setting. It was essential for many health care professionals to become competent in telehealth practices within a matter of days. As a result, telehealth and virtual programming continue to be options for children and families. Recent literature has highlighted the pros and cons of virtual clinical care, including studies examining the effectiveness of remote versus in‐person delivery.
Examining deficits in and measures of executive function in youth with ASD
Authors: Camillone Italia , Cragin Casey
Published: May 2022

Approximately 41–78% of children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also experience documented executive function (EF) deficits. EF skills are a set of mental processes that aid in the areas of attention, problem solving, and self‐control (Czermainski et al., 2015).
AAP does recommend screening for eating disorders
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2022

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) does think children should be screened for eating disorders. Below are example questions from the AAP.
The “M word”… Are children really “manipulating” us, and what does that even mean?
Authors: Witkin Mandy
Published: May 2022

If only I had a dollar for every time I heard a parent, teacher, or provider call a child manipulative. Those who work closely with me know that this is a pet peeve and will often hear me educating others on what it means to be manipulative.
The first report of 2:1 atrioventricular block following COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Mehrabi Nasab Entezar , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
Published: May 2022

A 65‐year‐old man became ill a few days after being vaccinated against the COVID‐19 by the Sinopharm vaccine. Laboratory investigations, trans‐thoracic echocardiography, and chest computed tomography scanning (CT‐scan) retrieved normal results. The patient's electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythms with 2:1 AV‐block and a narrow QRS complex. Coronary angiography showed mild coronary artery disease.
False aneurysm in a Charcot foot: A case report
Authors: Ben Fredj Aymen , Farhat Fourat , Rbai Hedi
Published: May 2022

Charcot foot or neurogenic osteoarthropathy is a serious complication of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The association between false aneurysm and Charcot foot is yet uncommon and has not been reported through the literature. We describe a case of false aneurysm in a Charcot foot in a 55‐year‐old female patient.
Effect of a class‐level intervention on career indecision variables
Authors: Schams Samantha , Fouad Nadya A. , Burrows Stephanie G. , Ricondo Kristen , Song Yixing
Published: May 2022

This research examines the effects of a class‐level intervention for career indecision variables. A repeated measures intervention study was used to examine the efficacy of a 16‐week career exploration course on decreasing career indecision variables. Results showed significant improvement in lack of readiness, choice/commitment anxiety, and neuroticism/negative affectivity. Interpersonal conflicts remained stable. Overall, we found the class‐level intervention had a significant effect on decreasing college students’ career indecision.
Chemical Measurement and Analysis: from Phenomenon to Essence
Authors: Zhao Wei , Xu Jing‐Juan
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The review summaries our achievements in optical, electrochemical, as well as mass spectrometry analysis and imaging with high sensitivity, specificity, and spatiotemporal resolution. We promoted the plasmonic imaging system, and developed ultra‐sensitive plasmonic nanoprobes for the tracking of single molecules in single living cells, as well as plasmonic nanocatalysts for highly efficient energy conversion. In addition, we contributed a lot in electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) analysis and imaging. Pioneering works including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) enhanced ECL, ECL ratiometric detection, BPE based ECL system, multi‐color ECL sensing as well as super‐resolved ECL imaging have been initiated by our group. Furthermore, we also dedicated in nanopipette based electrochemical analysis in single living cells, as well as ESI‐MS analysis on short time scale. The research works of our group promoted the development of chemical measurement and analysis.

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

LSPR enhanced ECL and Bipolar electrochemistry analysis, single particle based single cell analysis and super‐resolved imaging.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Strong curiosity, perseverance, strong hands‐on ability.

How do you supervise your students?

Encourage students to read more, think more, discuss more, and try more.

How do you keep balance between research and family?

Allocating time reasonably.

Who influences you mostly in your life?

My PhD director, Prof. Hong‐Yuan Chen.

What are your hobbies?

I used to like to play badminton, now I'm learning to play table tennis.
A One‐Pot Strategy for the Synthesis of β‐Substituted Rhoda‐ and Irida‐Carbolong Complexes
Authors: Xu Binbin , Mao Wei , Wu Chengcheng , Li Jinhua , Lu Zhengyu , Luo Ming , Liu Liu Leo , Mao Lingling , Chen Dafa , Xia Haiping
Published: May 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Starting from an organic multiyne, three steps are normally needed for the preparation of non‐β‐phosphonium functionalized rhoda‐ and irida‐carbolong complexes. Herein, a one‐pot strategy, by mixing a multiyne, a nucleophile, and RhCl(CO)(PPh3)2/AgBF4 or [Ir(CH3CN)(CO)(PPh3)2]BF4, was developed to achieve a series of β‐functionalized rhoda‐ and irida‐carbolong complexes. The β‐substituents in these complexes can be various C‐, N‐ and O‐centered groups, dependent on the nucleophiles used. This strategy provides a new convenient route to construct carbolong complexes, which is important for the further development of carbolong chemistry.
The Impact of Activity‐Based Protein Profiling in Malaria Drug Discovery
Authors: Carvalho Luís A. R. , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L.
Published: May 2022

Activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) is an approach used at the interface of chemical biology and proteomics that uses small molecular probes to provide dynamic fingerprints of enzymatic activity in complex proteomes. Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasites with a significant death burden and for which new therapies are actively being sought. Here, we compile the main achievements from ABPP studies in malaria and highlight the probes used and the different downstream platforms for data analysis. ABPP has excelled at studying Plasmodium cysteine proteases and serine hydrolase families, the targeting of the proteasome and metabolic pathways, and in the deconvolution of targets and mechanisms of known antimalarials. Despite the major impact in the field, many antimalarials and enzymatic families in Plasmodium remain to be studied, which suggests ABPP will be an evergreen technique in the field.
Excited State and Reactive Oxygen Species against Cancer and Pathogens: A Review on Sonodynamic and Sono‐Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wysocki Marcin , Czarczynska‐Goslinska Beata , Ziental Daniel , Michalak Maciej , Güzel Emre , Sobotta Lukasz
Published: May 2022

Photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy are therapies having great potential in the treatment of bacterial infections and cancer. Their background is associated with photo‐ and sonosensitizers ‐ substances that can be excited when exposed to light or ultrasound. These sensitizers belong to a various groups of compound, including porphyrins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines. Releasing the energy when returning to the ground state can occur in the manner of transferring it to oxygen molecules, leading to reactive oxygen species able to disrupt membranes of bacterial and cancer cells, leaving the organism's cells unaffected. In recent years, the number of reports on numerous sensitizers being effective has been constantly growing. Therefore, the development of this field may prove beneficial for dealing with cancer and microbes. This review describes the development of photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy, as well as their combination, with emphasis on sonodynamic therapy and its potential in the treatment of cancer and bacterial infections.
Capturing hybrid vigor for lentil breeding
Authors: Tan Jiafu , Wu Limin , Peacock Jim , Dennis Elizabeth S.
Published: May 2022

Conventional breeding has produced low levels of yield increase in lentils (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik.) in recent decades. As hybrids have led to large increases in yield in other crops, we examined the possibility of using hybrids in lentils. In 52 hybrids between Australian commercial cultivars and lines from a global collection of cultivated and wild accessions, we found 15 of the hybrids had seed yield hybrid vigor, with better parent heterosis (BPH) gains ranging from 10.4 to 125%. Flowering time, seed size, cotyledon color, and branch number were important but not critical for the level of hybrid vigor in seed yield. Plant height at 28 days post sowing (dps) could be an indicator of seed yield vigor of hybrids grown in glasshouse conditions. In the absence of male sterile lines in lentils, we used high‐yielding hybrid combinations in a program of repeated selfing and selection to produce stable, high‐yielding lines (Hybrid Mimics) with grain yields similar to the F1 hybrids, avoiding the limitation of the hybrid advantage to the F1 generation. Seed yield increased in successive generations (F3–F5); yields of the F4 plants were close to that of the F1 hybrid. Our results indicate that there is potential for hybrid seed yield vigor in lentil to be accessed through hybrid mimic selection. This is a breeding method not dependent on male sterility that can be initiated with a low number of hand‐pollinated hybrids. Hybrid mimic breeding may be applicable to a wide range of crops.
Transforming small and medium‐sized enterprises to address the climate emergency: The case for values‐based engagement
Authors: Hampton Sam , Blundel Richard , Wahga Aqueel , Fawcett Tina , Shaw Christopher
Published: May 2022

Collectively, small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) make a significant contribution to carbon emissions. Transformative changes are needed to achieve Net Zero amongst the SME community, presenting policymakers and practitioners with a complex and largely unresolved set of challenges. In this paper, we investigate the unexploited potential of human values in facilitating these changes, with a particular focus on the role and experiences of specialist intermediaries, such as business advisors, as agents of change. The paper reports on four linked, transdisciplinary research projects, which tested and validated a values‐based intervention in collaboration with businesses and advisors, designed to promote more effective, long‐term journeys towards Net Zero. Our study connects research evidence on SME support with key insights from values literature, including the emerging concepts of values practices and values work. We discuss outcomes from the four projects, and the broader implications for research, policy, and practice.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon as a Highly Active Metal‐Free Catalyst for the Selective Oxidative Dehydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Li Xun , Yuan Ziliang , Liu Yi , Yang Hanmin , Nie Jiabao , Wang Guanghui , Liu Bing
Published: May 2022

N‐heteroarenes represents one of the most important chemicals in pharmaceuticals and other bio‐active molecules, which can be easily accessed from the oxidation of N‐heterocycles over metal catalysts. Herein, the metal‐free oxidative dehydrogenation of N‐heterocycles into N‐heteroarenes was developed using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant. The nitrogen‐doped carbon materials were facilely prepared via the simple pyrolysis process using biomass (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium) and dicyandiamide as the carbon and nitrogen source, respectively, and they were discovered to be robust for the oxidative dehydrogenation of N‐heterocycles into N‐heteroarenes under mild conditions (80 °C under 1 bar O2) with water as the green solvent. Diverse N‐heterocycles including 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines, indolines and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoxalines were smoothly converted into N‐heteroarenes with high to excellent yields (76–>99 %). Superoxide radical (⋅O2−) and hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) were probed as the reactive oxygen species for the oxidation of N‐heterocycles into N‐heteroarenes. More importantly, the nitrogen‐doped carbon catalyst can be reused with a high stability. The method provides an environmentally friendly and economical route to access important N‐hetero‐aromatic commodities.
A low jitter and fast locking all digital phase locked loop with flash based time to digital converter and gain calibrated voltage controlled oscillator
Authors: Sahani Jagdeep Kaur , Singh Anil , Agarwal Alpana
Published: May 2022

A dual‐loop ADPLL architecture with 3‐bit flash TDC and background calibration‐based VCO is presented in this paper. The major aim of this work is to achieve the low jitter, low power, fast locking, and PVT‐insensitive ADPLL using simple flash TDC and gain calibrated VCO. A simple flash‐based 3‐bit TDC in the main loop is used which helps in achieving the fast locking with lower power consumption in ADPLL. The novel low phase noise VCO, with gain calibration in another loop, is used to fasten the locking process and jitter reduction due to any PVT variations. Therefore, both flash TDC and dual loop in the proposed ADPLL architecture help in achieving the fast locking. Proposed ADPLL is designed in SCL 180 nm CMOS technology at 1.8 V. The resolution of 3‐bit flash TDC is 3 ps. The achieved jitter of ADPLL is 1.83 ps with a phase noise of −153 dBc/Hz and locking time of 1.7 μs. Total power consumption is 5.3 mW at a frequency of 1.6 GHz.
Associations between abundances of free‐roaming gamebirds and common buzzards Buteo buteo are not driven by consumption of gamebirds in the buzzard breeding season
Authors: Swan George J. F. , Bearhop Stuart , Redpath Stephen M. , Silk Matthew J. , Padfield Daniel , Goodwin Cecily E. D. , McDonald Robbie A.
Published: May 2022

Releasing gamebirds in large numbers for sport shooting may directly or indirectly influence the abundance, distribution and population dynamics of native wildlife. The abundances of generalist predators have been positively associated with the abundance of gamebirds. These relationships have implications for prey populations, with the potential for indirect impacts of gamebird releases on wider biodiversity. To understand the basis of these associations, we investigated variation in territory size, prey provisioning to chicks, and breeding success of common buzzards Buteo buteo, and associations with variation in the abundances of free‐roaming gamebirds, primarily pheasants Phasianus colchicus, and of rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus and field voles Microtus agrestis, as important prey for buzzards. The relative abundance of gamebirds, but not those of rabbits or voles, was weakly but positively correlated with our index of buzzard territory size. Gamebirds were rarely brought to the nest. Rabbits and voles, and not gamebirds, were provisioned to chicks in proportion to their relative abundance. The number of buzzard chicks increased with provisioning rates of rabbits, in terms of both provisioning frequency and biomass, but not with provisioning rates for gamebirds or voles. Associations between the abundances of buzzards and gamebirds may not be a consequence of the greater availability of gamebirds as prey during the buzzard breeding season. Instead, the association may arise either from habitat or predator management leading to higher densities of alternative prey (in this instance, rabbits), or from greater availability of gamebirds as prey or carrion during the autumn and winter shooting season. The interactions between gamebird releases and associated practices of predator control and shooting itself require better understanding to more effectively intervene in any one aspect of this complex social‐ecological system.
Characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients with left‐sided infective endocarditis complicated by heart failure: a substudy of the ESC‐EORP EURO‐ENDO (European infective endocarditis) registry
Authors: Bohbot Yohann , Habib Gilbert , Laroche Cécile , Stöhr Elisabeth , Chirouze Catherine , Hernandez‐Meneses Marta , Melissopoulou Maria , Mutlu Bülent , Scheggi Valentina , Branco Luísa , Olmos Carmen , Reyes Graciela , Pazdernik Michal , Iung Bernard , Sow Rouguiatou , Mirocevic Maja , Lancellotti Patrizio , Tribouilloy Christophe ,   EORP EURO‐ENDO Registry Investigators Group
Published: May 2022

Aims

To evaluate the current management and survival of patients with left‐sided infective endocarditis (IE) complicated by congestive heart failure (CHF) in the ESC‐EORP European Endocarditis (EURO‐ENDO) registry.

Methods and results

Among the 3116 patients enrolled in this prospective registry, 2449 (mean age: 60 years, 69% male) with left‐sided (native or prosthetic) IE were included in this study. Patients with CHF (n = 698, 28.5%) were older, with more comorbidity and more severe valvular damage (mitro‐aortic involvement, vegetations >10 mm and severe regurgitation/new prosthesis dehiscence) than those without CHF (all p ≤ 0.019). Patients with CHF experienced higher 30‐day and 1‐year mortality than those without (20.5% vs. 9.0% and 36.1% vs. 19.3%, respectively) and CHF remained strongly associated with 30‐day (odds ratio[OR] 2.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.73–3.24; p < 0.001) and 1‐year mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.69, 95% CI 1.39–2.05; p < 0.001) after adjustment for established outcome predictors, including early surgery, or after propensity matching for age, sex, and comorbidity (n = 618 [88.5%] for each group, both p < 0.001). Early surgery, performed on 49% of these patients with IE complicated by CHF, remained associated with a substantial reduction in 30‐day mortality following multivariable analysis, after adjustment for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, cerebrovascular accident, Staphylococcus aureus IE, streptococcal IE, uncontrolled infection, vegetation size >10 mm, severe valvular regurgitation and/or new prosthetic dehiscence, perivalvular complication, and prosthetic IE (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.12–0.38; p < 0.001) and in 1‐year mortality (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.20–0.41; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Congestive heart failure is common in left‐sided IE and is associated with older age, greater comorbidity, more advanced lesions, and markedly higher 30‐day and 1‐year mortality. Early surgery is strongly associated with lower mortality but is performed on only approximately half of patients with CHF, mainly because of a surgical risk considered prohibitive.
Ammonium Sulfate and Repeated Freeze‐Thawing Recover Oil from Emulsion Separated from Salmon Skin Hydrolysate
Authors: Nilsuwan Krisana , Chantakun Kasidate , Zhang Bin , Ma Lukai , Yesilsu Ahmet Faruk , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: May 2022

Emulsion separated by a disk stack centrifugal separator is the leftover from salmon skin hydrolyzed collagen production, in which oil can be recovered for further uses. Impacts of ammonium sulfate (AS) at different levels (0–10%, w/w) and freeze‐thawing with various cycles (0–7) on destabilization of emulsion separated from salmon skin (Oncorhynchus nerka) hydrolysate and quality of recovered oil are investigated. Emulsion added with AS shows larger oil droplet size (p < 0.05) with lower negative charge (p< 0.05). Oil yield and recovery are increased (p < 0.05) with augmenting concentrations of AS and freeze–thawing cycles. Highest yield (4.01%) and recovery (87.36%) (p < 0.05) are obtained for oil recovered from emulsion added with 10% AS in conjunction with freeze–thawing for three cycles. Oils recovered from emulsion added with AS (0–10%) and freeze–thawed for 0 and 3 cycles show no differences in hydrolysis, oxidation, and astaxanthin content (5.19–5.62 mg kg−1 oil). Furthermore, no marked differences in fatty acid composition and FTIR spectra are observed. Therefore, the use of 10% AS in conjunction with freeze–thawing (3 cycles) is a promising means for recovery of oil from emulsion, which can be an alternative source of nutraceutical.

Practical applications: Oil–water emulsion is a by‐product separated from production of salmon skin hydrolysate with the aid of a disk stack centrifugal separator (DSCS). Retained peptides could act as emulsifier and stabilize oil droplets in emulsion. To recover oil from emulsion, the destabilization of emulsion is required. Addition of ammonium sulfate (AS) can destabilize emulsion via peptides precipitation, thus liberating the oil. Moreover, the repeated freeze–thawing in combination with AS under optimal condition is shown to enhance oil yield and recovery. Therefore, oil rich in astaxanthin and polyunsaturated fatty acid from the discarded emulsion can be recovered and further exploited.
A flux‐vector splitting scheme for the shallow water equations extended to high‐order on unstructured meshes
Authors: Toro Eleuterio F. , Castro Cristòbal E. , Vanzo Davide , Siviglia Annunziato
Published: May 2022

We present a flux vector splitting method for the one and two‐dimensional shallow water equations following the approach first proposed by Toro and Vázquez for the compressible Euler equations. The resulting first‐order schemes turn out to be exceedingly simple, with accuracy and robustness comparable to that of the sophisticated Godunov upwind method used in conjunction with complete non‐linear Riemann solvers. The technique splits the full system into two subsystems, namely an advection system and a pressure system. The sought numerical flux results from fluxes for each of the subsystems. As to the source terms, there is potential for treating general source terms by incorporating them into either subsystem. In this article we show preliminary results for the case of a discontinuous bottom, incorporated into the pressure system. Results show that the resulting method is well balanced. The basic methodology, extended on 2D unstructured meshes, constitutes the building block for the construction of numerical schemes of very high order of accuracy following the ADER approach. The presented numerical schemes are systematically assessed on a carefully selected suite of test problems with reference solutions, in one and two space dimensions. The applicability of the schemes is illustrated through simulations of tsunami wave propagation in the Pacific Ocean.
A dual resolution phase‐field solver for wetting of viscoelastic droplets
Authors: Bazesefidpar Kazem , Brandt Luca , Tammisola Outi
Published: May 2022

We present a new and efficient phase‐field solver for viscoelastic fluids with moving contact line based on a dual‐resolution strategy. The interface between two immiscible fluids is tracked by using the Cahn‐Hilliard phase‐field model, and the viscoelasticity incorporated into the phase‐field framework. The main challenge of this approach is to have enough resolution at the interface to approach the sharp‐interface methods. The method presented here addresses this problem by solving the phase field variable on a mesh twice as fine as that used for the velocities, pressure, and polymer‐stress constitutive equations. The method is based on second‐order finite differences for the discretization of the fully coupled Navier–Stokes, polymeric constitutive, and Cahn–Hilliard equations, and it is implemented in a 2D pencil‐like domain decomposition to benefit from existing highly scalable parallel algorithms. An FFT‐based solver is used for the Helmholtz and Poisson equations with different global sizes. A splitting method is used to impose the dynamic contact angle boundary conditions in the case of large density and viscosity ratios. The implementation is validated against experimental data and previous numerical studies in 2D and 3D. The results indicate that the dual‐resolution approach produces nearly identical results while saving computational time for both Newtonian and viscoelastic flows in 3D.
A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis on digital health interventions for people living with dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Di Lorito Claudio , Bosco Alessandro , Rai Harleen , Craven Michael , McNally Donal , Todd Chris , Booth Vicky , Cowley Alison , Howe Louise , Harwood Rowan H.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Digital health interventions enable services to support people living with dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) remotely. This literature review gathers evidence on the effectiveness of digital health interventions on physical, cognitive, behavioural and psychological outcomes, and Activities of Daily Living in people living with dementia and MCI.

Methods/Design

Searches, using nine databases, were run in November 2021. Two authors carried out study selection/appraisal using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Study characteristics were extracted through the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions data extraction form. Data on digital health interventions were extracted through the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. Intervention effectiveness was determined through effect sizes. Meta‐analyses were performed to pool data on intervention effectiveness.

Results

Twenty studies were included in the review, with a diverse range of interventions, modes of delivery, activities, duration, length, frequency, and intensity. Compared to controls, the interventions produced a moderate effect on cognitive abilities (SMD = 0.36; 95% CI = −0.03 to 0.76; I2 = 61%), and a negative moderate effect on basic ADLs (SMD = −0.40; 95% CI = −0.86 to 0.05; I2 = 69%). Stepping exergames generated the largest effect sizes on physical and cognitive abilities. Supervised training produced larger effect sizes than unsupervised interventions.

Conclusion

Supervised intervention delivery is linked to greatest benefits. A mix of remote and face‐to‐face delivery could maximise benefits and optimise costs. Accessibility, acceptability and sustainability of digital interventions for end‐users must be pre‐requisites for the development of future successful services.
Contribution and safety of the side‐to‐end hypoglossal‐to‐facial transfer in multidisciplinary facial reanimation
Authors: Mato‐Patino Teresa , Morales‐Puebla José Manuel , Moraleda Susana , Sánchez‐Cuadrado Isabel , Calvino Miryam , Gonzalez‐Otero Teresa , Peñarrocha Julio , Hernández Borja , Gavilan Javier , Lassaletta Luis
Published: May 2022

Background

This study evaluates facial and tongue function in patients undergoing side‐to‐end hypoglossal‐to‐facial transfer (HFT) with additional techniques.

Methods

Thirty‐seven patients underwent a side‐to‐end HFT. Twelve had additional cross‐face grafts, and 9 had an additional masseter‐to‐facial transfer. Facial was assessed with House–Brackmann (HB), Sunnybrook Facial Grading Scale (SFGS), and eFACE. Martins scale and the Oral‐Pharyngeal Disability Index (OPDI) were used to assess tongue function.

Results

Ninety‐four percent of cases reached HB grades III–IV. Mean total SFGS score improved from 16 ± 15 to 59 ± 11, while total eFACE score from 52 ± 13 to 80 ± 5. Dual nerve transfers were a predictor for a better eFACE total score p = 0.034, β = 2.350 [95% CI, 0.184–4.516]), as well as for a higher SFGS total score (p = 0.036, β = 5.412 [95% CI, 0.375–10.449]). All patients had Martin's grade I. Mean postoperative OPDI scores were 84 ± 17 (local physical), 69 ± 16 (simple and sensory motor components), 82 ± 14 (complex functions), and 73 ± 22 (psychosocial).

Conclusions

The side‐to‐end HFT offers predictable facial function outcome and preserves tongue function in nearly all cases. Dual nerve transfers appear to improve the final outcome.
Molecular networks of hepatoblastoma predisposition and oncogenesis in Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Sobel Naveh Natali S. , Traxler Emily M. , Duffy Kelly A. , Kalish Jennifer M.
Published: May 2022

Beckwith‐Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is the most common human overgrowth disorder caused by structural and epigenetic changes to chromosome 11p15. Patients with BWS are predisposed to developing hepatoblastoma (HB). To better understand the mechanism of HB oncogenesis in this cancer predisposition background, we performed the first multi‐dimensional study of HB samples collected from patients diagnosed with BWS. This multi‐omic investigation of seven BWS HB and five matched nontumor BWS liver samples from 7 unique patients included examination of whole exome sequences, messenger RNA/microRNA expression, and methylation levels to elucidate the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic landscape of BWS‐associated HB. We compared the transcriptional profiles of the BWS samples, both HB and nontumor, to that of control livers. Genes differentially expressed across BWS tissues were identified as BWS HB predisposition factors; this gene group included cell cycle regulators, chromatin organizers, and WNT, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT members. We also compared transcriptional changes associated with non‐syndromic HB carrying BWS‐like 11p15 alterations compared to those without, as well as to BWS HB. Through this analysis, we identified factors specific to 11p15‐altered HB oncogenesis, termed the BWS oncogenesis network. We propose that 11p15 alterations drive HB oncogenesis by initially dysregulating cell‐cycle regulators and chromatin organizers, including histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), ATP‐dependent helicase X, and F‐Box and WD repeat domain containing 7. Furthermore, we found oncogenic factors such as dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 and 4, WNT16, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), and MAPK10 are differentially expressed in 11p15‐altered HB in both the BWS and non‐syndromic backgrounds. These genes warrant further investigation as diagnostic or therapeutic targets.
Immune‐mediated liver injury following COVID‐19 vaccination: A systematic review
Authors: Roy Akash , Verma Nipun , Singh Surender , Pradhan Pranita , Taneja Sunil , Singh Meenu
Published: May 2022

Immune‐mediated liver injury (ILI) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination is not well‐characterized. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the literature on ILI after COVID‐19 vaccination. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, Embase, and gray literature to include articles describing ILI following COVID‐19 vaccination. Reports without confirmatory evidence from liver biopsy were excluded. Descriptive analysis, and study quality were reported as appropriate. Of the 1,048 articles found, 13 (good/fair quality; 23 patients) were included. Studies were primarily from Europe (n = 8), America (n = 2), Asia (n = 2), or Australia (n = 1). Patients were predominantly females (62.5%) of age 55.3 years (49.1–61.4), with an antecedent exposure to Moderna messenger RNA (mRNA)–1273 (47.8%), Pfizer‐BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA (39.2%), or ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine (13%). Pre‐existing comorbidities (69.6%) were common, including liver disease in 26.1% and thyroid disorders in 13% of patients. About two‐thirds of the patients were on concurrent medications (paracetamol, levothyroxine, statins, and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs). Jaundice was the most common symptom (78.3%). Peak bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were 10.8 (6.8–14.8) mg/dl, 1,106.5 (757.0–1,702.5) U/L, and 229 (174.6–259.6) U/L, respectively. Histological findings were intense portal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with interface hepatitis. Steroids were used in 86.9% of patients, and complete response, recovering course, and death were reported in 56.5%, 39.1%, and 4.3% of patients, respectively. ILI following COVID‐19 vaccination is rare. The diagnosis is established on temporal correlation, biochemical findings, and histopathology. Prognosis is excellent with corticosteroids. Causality establishment remains a challenge.
Normal cerebral blood vessels under ultrasound in SD rats of different ages
Authors: Luo Bo‐Yan , Liu Jin‐Xiang , Xiong Liu‐Lin , Fang Chang‐Le , He Yu‐Qi
Published: May 2022

The objective of this study was to examine whether ultrasound can examine the development of cerebral vascular structure and cerebral blood flow in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats by ultrasound in a noninvasive manner, which provides a reference for ultrasound research of SD rats. Thirty‐nine SD rats (7–16 days old) were divided into seven groups according to age, and the number of SD rats in each group was, respectively, 7, 17, 1, 3, 2, 8, and 1. Ultrasound was used to detect cerebral blood vessels, cerebrovascular flow velocity, and heart rate in SD rats in the sagittal and coronal positions, and images were obtained in B‐mode ultrasound. The cerebral vascular structure of 39 SD rats (7–16 days) was dynamically observed under B‐ultrasound. We found that the cerebral vascular structure of the rats aged 7–10 days was clear and detectable. Rats aged 11–16 days of cerebral vascular structures became thinner and undetectable. Quantitative analysis of cerebrovascular flow rate and heart rate in rats found that there was no significant difference in cerebrovascular blood flow rate and heart rate between 7 and 8 days. Ultrasound can also be used in rat animal studies, that is, the cerebral blood flow in rats of different ages can be monitored in real‐time by ultrasound in a noninvasive way.
A method for studying reinforcement factors controlling impulsive choice for use in behavioral neuroscience
Authors: Hughes Christine E. , Langford Jeremy S. , Van Heukelom Justin T. , Blejewski Ryan C. , Pitts Raymond C.
Published: May 2022

Although procedures originating within the experimental analysis of behavior commonly are used in behavioral neuroscience to produce behavioral endpoints, they are used less often to analyze the behavioral processes involved, particularly at the level of individual organisms (see Soto, 2020). Concurrent‐chains procedures have been used extensively to study choice and to quantify relations between various dimensions of reinforcement and preference. Unfortunately, parametric analysis of those relations using traditional steady‐state, single‐subject experimental designs can be time‐consuming, often rendering these procedures impractical for use in behavioral neuroscience. The purpose of this paper is to describe how concurrent‐chains procedures can be adapted to allow for parametric examination of effects of the reinforcement dimensions involved in impulsive choice (magnitude and delay) within experimental sessions in rats. Data are presented indicating that this procedure can produce relatively consistent within‐session estimates of sensitivity to reinforcement in individual subjects, and that these estimates can be modified by neurobiological manipulation (drug administration). These data suggest that this type of procedure offers a promising approach to the study of neurobiological mechanisms of complex behavior in individual organisms, which could facilitate a more fruitful relationship between behavior analysis and behavioral neuroscience.
Efficacy of a vermifilter at mitigating greenhouse gases and ammonia emissions from dairy wastewater
Authors: Miito Gilbert J. , Ndegwa Pius M. , Alege Femi P. , Coulibaly Sifolo S. , Harrison Joe
Published: May 2022

Dairy effluent is a potential source of gaseous pollutants associated with global warming and soil acidification. Mitigating such emissions during handling and storage requires substantial financial and labor input. This study evaluated a low‐cost technology for mitigating gaseous emissions from dairy wastewater. For 9 mo, a pilot‐scale vermifilter system installed on a commercial dairy farm was studied. Bimonthly samples of the dairy wastewater influent and effluent from the vermifilter system were collected. These samples’ potential gas emissions (ammonia [NH3], methane [CH4], carbon dioxide [CO2], and nitrous oxide [N2O]) were measured using a closed‐loop dynamic flux chamber method. Results indicated the following reductions in emissions of these gases by the vermifilter system: 84–100% for NH3, 58–82% for CO2, and 95–100% for CH4. Nitrous oxide emissions were mainly below our instrument detection limits and were thus not reported. The vermifilter showed the potential of reducing the global warming potential from the dairy wastewater by up to 100%. This study further indicated that higher ambient temperatures led to higher emissions of CH4 (R2 = .56) and NH3 (R2 = .53) from untreated dairy wastewater. Overall, the vermifilter system has potential to mitigate gaseous emissions from dairy wastewater.
Successful use of empagliflozin to treat neutropenia in two G6PC3‐deficient children: Impact of a mutation in SGLT5
Authors: Boulanger Cécile , Stephenne Xavier , Diederich Jennifer , Mounkoro Pierre , Chevalier Nathalie , Ferster Alina , Van Schaftingen Emile , Veiga‐da‐Cunha Maria
Published: May 2022

Neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction found in deficiencies in G6PC3 and in the glucose‐6‐phosphate transporter (G6PT/SLC37A4) are due to accumulation of 1,5‐anhydroglucitol‐6‐phosphate (1,5‐AG6P), an inhibitor of hexokinase made from 1,5‐anhydroglucitol (1,5‐AG), an abundant polyol present in blood. Lowering blood 1,5‐AG with an SGLT2 inhibitor greatly improved neutrophil counts and function in G6PC3‐deficient mice and in patients with G6PT‐deficiency. We evaluate this treatment in two G6PC3‐deficient children. While neutropenia was severe in one child (PT1), which was dependent on granulocyte cololony‐stimulating factor (GCSF), it was significantly milder in the other one (PT2), which had low blood 1,5‐AG levels and only required GCSF during severe infections. Treatment with the SGLT2‐inhibitor empagliflozin decreased 1,5‐AG in blood and 1,5‐AG6P in neutrophils and improved (PT1) or normalized (PT2) neutrophil counts, allowing to stop GCSF. On empagliflozin, both children remained infection‐free (>1 year – PT2; >2 years – PT1) and no side effects were reported. Remarkably, sequencing of SGLT5, the gene encoding the putative renal transporter for 1,5‐AG, disclosed a rare heterozygous missense mutation in PT2, replacing the extremely conserved Arg401 by a histidine. The higher urinary clearance of 1,5‐AG explains the more benign neutropenia and the outstanding response to empagliflozin treatment found in this child. Our data shows that SGLT2 inhibitors are an excellent alternative to treat the neutropenia present in G6PC3‐deficiency.
Acceptance of COVID‐19 booster vaccination based on the protection motivation theory: A cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Wu Fan , Yuan Yue , Deng Zhaomin , Yin Di , Shen Qiufeng , Zeng Jiehua , Xie Yanhong , Xu Meifen , Yang Meiyi , Jiang Shiqiang , Zhang Chunhuan , Lu Huixi , Sun Caijun
Published: May 2022

The promotion of the booster shots against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is an open issue to be discussed. Little is known about the public intention and the influencing factors regarding the booster vaccine. A cross‐sectional survey in Chinese adults was conducted using an online questionnaire, which designed on the basis of protection motivation theory (PMT) scale and vaccine hesitancy scale (VHS). Hierarchical multiple regression was used to compare the fitness of the PMT scale and VHS for predicting booster vaccination intention. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with the acceptance. Six thousand three hundred twenty‐one (76.8%) of participants were willing to take the booster shot. However, the rest of the participants (23.2%) were still hesitant to take the booster vaccine. The PMT scale was more powerful than the VHS in explaining the vaccination intention. Participants with high perceived severity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.69) and response cost (aOR = 0.47) were less willing to take the booster shots, but participants with high perceived susceptibility (aOR = 1.19), response efficacy (aOR = 2.13), and self‐efficacy (aOR = 3.33) were more willing to take the booster shots. In summary, interventions based on PMT can provide guidance to ensure the acceptance of the booster vaccine.
Viscoelastic micellar system of mixed surfactin and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
Authors: Zhao Yuqing , He Jinlan , Xu Wenting , Fang Bo
Published: May 2022

Surfactin is a kind of lipopeptide biosurfactant with good performance. In order to solve the difficulty of surfactin thickening, this study investigated the new viscoelastic micellar system composed of surfactin and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) and its rheological properties. The influences of mass ratio, pH, and temperature on the rheological properties of the system were studied. Under optimized mass ratio and pH, the maximum viscosity of surfactin/OTAC (4.5/7.5 w/w, pH = 5.34) is obtained as 13,904 mPa s. The flow curves of surfactin/OTAC micelle system can be described by Cross constitutive equation. The rheological properties of surfactin/OTAC viscoelastic micelle systems are obtained, including thixotropy, viscoelasticity, and viscosity‐temperature properties. The research on the new surfactin/OTAC system expanded the viscoelastic micelle systems of microbial surfactant series, which was expected to provide the rheological basis for the research of the surfactin micellar systems and be applied to the development and production of daily chemical industry, oil recovery, and other fields.
Multi‐scale species density model for conserving an endangered songbird
Authors: Mueller James M. , Sesnie Steven E. , Lehnen Sarah E. , Davis Helen T. , Giocomo James J. , Macey John N. , Long Ashley M.
Published: May 2022

Habitat modeling across a landscape that has gradients of habitat conditions requires potential predictor data that can be quantified at biologically relevant scales. We used remotely sensed data to develop a multi‐scale density model in 2018 for the golden‐cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia; warbler), a species that breeds in Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei)‐oak (Quercus spp.) woodlands in central Texas, USA. We first classified Ashe juniper and broadleaf tree cover at a 1‐m resolution and used this to map potential habitat across the warbler's >67,000‐km2 breeding range. We then designed a survey for estimating warbler density based on hierarchical distance sampling. We used stratified random sampling to survey for male warblers at 1,804 points across the continuum of tree canopy cover and composition and detected 810 warblers during our surveys. We developed a suite of potential predictor variables for modeling warbler density that reflected vegetation, topography, climate, and anthropogenic land use conditions across the breeding range and developed these at 3 scales representing the territory, site, and landscape. We modeled warbler density and used the best fit model to produce a spatially explicit estimate. Predicted warbler density was influenced by tree canopy cover and canopy height at the territory scale (100‐m radius); tree canopy cover, percent of the canopy comprised of juniper, and an interaction between canopy cover and compound topographic index at the site scale (1‐km radius); and annual temperature range at the landscape scale (5‐km radius). We estimated a population size of 217,444 male warblers (95% CI = 153,917–311,965) and >3,000 males in each recovery unit. After controlling for the duration of point count surveys, our estimate of population size was similar to that reported from the only previous breeding range survey conducted in 2008–2009. Our model results indicated that management activities to increase warbler density should promote woodlands with high tree canopy cover, approximately 60–80% Ashe juniper composition, and tree heights >3 m. In contrast to a patch‐based approach, our treatment of habitat variables as continuous helped to credibly map the warbler distribution across areas with broad transitions from woodlands to shrublands. By measuring these predictor variables at biologically relevant scales, we allowed the warbler survey data to define habitat relationships instead of using anthropogenically defined habitat patches. Outcomes from our study show the benefits of developing spatial products tailored to individual species of interest for conservation and management decisions.
Golden eagle use of winter roadkill and response to vehicles in the western United States
Authors: Slater Steven J. , Maloney Dustin M. , Taylor Jessica M.
Published: May 2022

Vehicle collisions are a significant source of wildlife mortality worldwide, but less attention has been given to secondary mortality of roadkill scavengers, such as the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). We sought to quantify golden eagle winter use of roadkill mammal carcasses and eagle flushing from vehicles in Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming, USA, as proxies for strike risk, using motion‐sensitive cameras. We monitored 160 carcasses and captured 2,146 eagle–vehicle interactions at 58 carcasses (1–240 observations/carcass) during winters of 2016–2017, 2017–2018, and 2018–2019. We used generalized linear mixed models, which suggested that eagle use of carcasses declined with time since camera deployment but increased with distance to road. Flushing from vehicles decreased with carcass distance to road but was higher in the morning, in response to larger vehicles and vehicles in the closest lane, and in the Oregon study area. We suggest that roadkill distance to road is the easiest factor to manipulate with the dual benefits of increasing food availability to golden eagles and decreasing flush‐related vehicle strike risk. We recommend that roadkill be moved at least 12 m from the road to increase eagle use and decrease flushing 4‐fold relative to behavior observed at the road edge. Because flushing from roadkill is believed to be the primary cause of eagle–vehicle strikes, informed roadkill management has the potential to reduce human‐caused mortality of golden eagles.