bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPORTANCE OF TITLE, SUMMARY AND KEY WORDS IN A TECHNICAL OR SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
Authors: FERNANDEZ DE AGUIRRE GUANTES IGNACIO
Published: August 2018

The decision to prepare and send an article to a scientific or technological publication is a considerable effort, whose characteristics should not be left to the good and / or improvisation. But if the content is important for its originality, development and conclusions, it is no less important to take into account the components cited above, which can help the success or failure of a dissemination and, therefore, recognition of the work done.
IMPACT OF INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL MENTORING ON THE QUALITY OF THE PROCESS AND PERFORMANCE OF ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: GISBERT TREJO NURIA , AZPIAZU CANIVELL LUCIANO MARIA , LANDETA RODRIGUEZ JON , ALBIZU GALLESTEGI ENEKA , FERNANDEZ FERRIN PILAR
Published: August 2018

Alternative mentoring is an emerging practice in the professional development of engineers and, lately, in engineering professional associations. Traditional mentoring takes place within the same organization and it is based on a systematic relationship between a mentor (a professional that holds a high rank and experience in the company) and a mentee (a junior professional that belongs to the same organization). Through this relationship the mentee acquires knowledge, competences and values that promote more effective professional development.
In parallel to traditional mentoring, new alternative mentoring practices -individual, group or mixed- are being used more and more. These new practices take place in an environment outside the mentor´s or mentee´s organization. The goal of this article is, firstly, to demonstrate through exploratory empirical evidence the advantages of alternative mentoring vs. traditional mentoring, secondly, to identify the factors that, according to engineers, a quality alternative mentoring process has to provide, and finally, to detail those results that this type of human resource development technique can bring to the organizations in which the mentees work.
VARIATION OF COTTON PROPERTIES DUE TO THE APPLICATION OF SEA FRAGANCE MICROCAPSULES
Authors: BONET ARACIL MARIA ANGELES , CAPABLANCA LUCIA , FERRANDIZ MARCELA , LOPEZ AINHOA , BOU BELDA EVA
Published: August 2018

Cotton fabrics are used in multiple applications consequently, are susceptible to treatments for its functionalization. Microcapsules interest is increasing among the industry field as they allow to incorporate multiple functions to textiles. The finishing treatments that incorporate microcapsules contain in their formulations binding agents in order to increase their permanence on the textile. In this work, different concentrations of resin are tested in order to evaluate weather its application on industrial formulations with microcapsules influences the flexural rigidity on the cotton fabric.
Considering that the application of the microcapsules is carried out in the final phase of the textile proces, it can modify the fabric appearenace. The possible color modification that is generated on three colors, red, yellow and blue at 2% on fiber weight has also been evaluated.
The study shows that not only the resin influences the flexural rigidity of the tissue, but the presence of microcapsules also modifies this behavior. In addition, it is proven that the color variation is not significant to detect a perceptible change in tissue coloration. Flexural rigidity modification can be obsereved previusly to observe changes in color.

Keywords: Fabric, cotton, microcapsules, rigidity, colour
FUNCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIVARIATE CONTROL GRAPHS
Authors: RUELAS SANTOYO EDGAR AUGUSTO , VARGAS RODRIGUEZ BERTHA LAURA , CARDIEL ORTEGA JOSE JOVANI , LLAMAS PEREZ GERALDO
Published: August 2018

In the present work, it is intended to highlight in a specific way the utility and advances of multivariate control graphics for the control of quality in modern production systems. The synthesis addresses the development of the most commonly used multivariate control charts as well as identifying their scope and limitations. Once the restrictions to carry out a statistical quality control through multivariate charts have been identified, the study of different techniques that complement the quality analysis in the production systems monitored under said control techniques is addressed.

Keywords: Multivariate statistical control charts
PROPOSAL OF A FRAMEWORK FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF PRODUCT SUSTAINABILITY FROM THE PARADIGM OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY BASED ON INDUSTRY 4.0. (Part 2)
Authors: DE LAS HERAS GARCIA DE VINUESA ANA , AGUAYO GONZALEZ FRANCISCO , CORDOBA ROLDAN ANTONIO
Published: August 2018

Once the framework for the integrated evaluation of sustainability connected from the circular economy paradigm in the context of the cyber-physical systems of Industry 4.0 has been developed, this paper develops the methodological model that makes it possible to obtain an evaluation of the impacts of the three dimensions (environmental, economic and social impacts) by analyzing their effects (LCA) and their causes (C2C). The articulation of the model from these two frameworks (ACV and C2C) has determined that it has a structured bionic inspiration in two phases. The first of these, the adenomic phase, fixes the genes of the product through design, and in the second, the domestic phase, which integrates the aspects of sustainability derived from the phenotypic evolution of the product.
Due to the digitalization of Industry 4.0, the product evolves towards the connected intelligent product equipped with sensors that collect information in real time, evolving sustainable development towards connected sustainability.
The evaluation model is connected to an IoT platform composed of different processing layers and connected to external information sources to incorporate the necessary data to carry out a complete and integrated evaluation. This model supports the product data under ISO 10303 (STEP).

Keywords: Circular Economy, LCA, C2C, Industry 4.0, STEP
EVALUATION OF THE DESIGN OF A BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE FOR EMOTION DETECTION
Authors: APARICIO GARCIA RAMON SIDONIO , JUAREZ GRACIA GUSTAVO , ALVAREZ CEDILLO JESUS ANTONIO , SANDOVAL GUTIERREZ JACOBO , TOVAR CORONA BLANCA
Published: August 2018

With a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) the detection of emotions from the electroencephalographic signal (EEG) can be achieved, as reported by Murugappan, et. al. and other similar jobs. However, one of the opportunities identified for improving these methods was developed by Aparicio Garcia, et al. To the by discrete wavelet decomposition, executed as a feature extraction process, followed by the selection of more separable features, and the classification , seeking for the classifier to be able to train in a non-intensive way, and equalizing conditions such as features, number of channels, and associated emotions.
NOVEL METHOD OF 3D SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS AND ITS ENGINEERING APPLICATION
Authors: WANG SHUREN , TIAN JING , JIA HUIHUI , ZHANG YAN
Published: August 2018

It is difficult to give a definitive evaluation result when using the fuzzy probability method to evaluate the three-dimension (3D) slope and to develop an effective method is necessary to evaluate the stability of a large number of 3D slope engineerings. To solve this problem, a novel method of 3D slope stability analysis is proposed based on renormalization group and response surface function. After determining the critical instability probability of 3D slope based on the theory of renormalization group, the response surface method is employed to construct a function to solve the fuzzy instability probability of the 3D slope. Then the stability of the 3D slope can be determined by comparing the critical and fuzzy instability probability values. When the fuzzy instability probability is less than the critical instability probability, the 3D slope is in stable state, otherwise it is in unstable state. The novel method for 3D slope stability analysis is verified by the mine dump slope engineering. Results show that the proposed novel method is accurate and reliable. This study solves the problem of quantitative evaluation of 3D slope stability and the conclusions obtained in the study are of important reference value to direct similar engineering practice.

Keywords: 3D slope, Renormalization group, Fuzzy probability, Stability analysis
Intermédialité et écologie des médias : essai de cartographie comparative1
Authors: Vallée Jean-François
Published: August 2018

À partir d’une comparaison entre intermédialité et écologie des médias — qui partagent une quantité étonnante de traits communs, tant du point de vue de leur développement historique et institutionnel que de celui de leurs fondements épistémiques et méthodologiques —, cet article tente de saisir ce qui lie et ce qui distingue ces deux « interdisciplines ». Nous essaierons ensuite de comprendre ce qu’elles peuvent nous apprendre sur le contexte médiatique et institutionnel de leur émergence et de leur développement dans les interstices disciplinaires de nos « universités en ruines » (Readings).
La transformation des capitaux culturel et social en région au xixe siècle dans un contexte de renouvellement des élites : l’exemple de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
Authors: Tremblay Lamarche Alex
Published: August 2018

Au cours du xixe siècle, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu voit ses élites se transformer. Les commerçants anglo-protestants qui occupaient les principaux postes de pouvoir au début du siècle font place à des juristes et des marchands franco-catholiques au tournant du xxe. Si le phénomène révèle un renouvellement des élites, il est également symptomatique d’une mutation des capitaux culturel et social. Alors que les Canadiens français qui s’implantent dans la ville vers 1800 s’intègrent aux notables locaux anglo-protestants en prenant souvent épouse dans ce groupe et en parlant anglais au quotidien, les rapports de force s’inversent au milieu du siècle. Les familles en voie d’anglicisation se remettent à fréquenter les institutions canadiennes-françaises et de plus en plus d’anglophones s’intègrent aux réseaux de sociabilité canadiens-français. Le cas de Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu amène donc à nuancer l’idée selon laquelle une élite francophone remplace l’élite anglophone préexistante à la faveur de la « reconquête canadienne-française » et montre plutôt que les élites s’adaptent aux changements économiques en modifiant leurs réseaux et leurs pratiques culturelles.
Le journal régional, organe politique et outil de développement : l’exemple du Franco-Canadien et du Canada français de Saint-Jean
Authors: Marquis Dominique
Published: August 2018

Fondé en 1860, Le Franco-Canadien est d’abord l’outil politique de Félix-Gabriel Marchand. À la suite de tractations, le journal échappe à son influence et, en 1893, Le Canada français apparaît dans le paysage de Saint-Jean pour assurer une voix au Parti libéral du Québec. Deux ans plus tard, les deux journaux fusionnent et Le Canada français devient à la fois un organe politique et un outil de développement régional. Cet article porte sur l’évolution de la pratique journalistique du Franco-Canadien / Canada français de 1860 à 1970. Il montre comment, alors qu’apparaissent de nouveaux modes de production et de diffusion de la presse, le journal régional doit s’adapter à de nouvelles réalités médiatiques afin d’assurer sa survie. La longévité exemplaire du Canada français montre que ce journal a su tirer son épingle du jeu et offrir à ses lecteurs un produit aussi attrayant que les journaux montréalais, mais distinct par son contenu régional.
Intracavitary use of radioactive colloidal phosphorus 32 in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Saul Howard M. , Sedlacek Thomas V. , Heller Paul B. , Glassburn John R. , Riva John , Bertoli Robert , Maslack Mark , Lin Jeffrey K.
Published: August 2018

The use of radioactive colloidal phosphorus 32 (3ZP) in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer continues to be controversial. One institution's experience with the use of 32P in 30 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer was reviewed retrospectively. One hundred percent of attempts at placement of 3ZP intra-abdominally were ultimately successful. The complication rate was 11%. Mean clinical (asymptomatic) disease-free survival in patients with stage ill ovarian cancer was as follows: 26 months based on absence of disease at reassessment surgery; 26 months based on microscopic residuum; and 30 months based on minimal «5 mm) residuum. Mean disease-free survival in patients with early-stage (stages IC through IIC) ovarian cancer was 66 months.
A national study of factors influencing the career choice of osteopathic and allopathic family physicians
Authors: Xu Gang , Cummings Mark , Veloski J. Jon , Brose John
Published: August 2018

This study examines the differences between osteopathic and allopathic physicians regarding those factors influencing their career choice of family practice. A total of 256 osteopathic physicians and 717 allopathic family physicians were surveyed. The surveyed physicians graduated in 1983 and 1984. Comparisons were made on 19 variables that influenced the physicians' decisions to enter family practice as well as on the six factor scores derived from these 19 variables. Osteopathic physicians' decisions to choose family practice was more influenced by financial obligations, medical school experiences, and family values, whereas the allopathic physicians were more influenced by personal social value. Overall, medical school experience and personal social value were two important factors that explained the largest variances of the 19 predictors influencing physicians' decisions to enter family practice. Those allopathic medical schools whose mission emphasizes the production of generalist physicians may be able to model some approaches already in place at osteopathic medical schools. Because of the influence of the personal social value factor in medical students' choosing family practice medicine, this factor warrants further study.
Engaged Citizenship through Campus-Level Democratic Processes: A Librarian and Graduate Student Collaboration on Open Access Policy Adoption
Authors: Cantrell Melissa , Johnson Andrew
Published: August 2018

INTRODUCTION While faculty votes to establish open access (OA) policies leverage one particular campus-level democratic mechanism in the name of advancing scholarly communication, other processes, including student government actions, can also play significant roles in OA policy adoption and related efforts. As early career researchers, graduate students are particularly well-poised to engage with campus-level democratic institutions in order to bring about change in scholarly communication. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM This case study details a multi-year collaboration between librarians and graduate students at the University of Colorado Boulder aimed at the development and adoption of a campus OA policy. Librarians and graduate students worked together to plan for and sustain momentum throughout the process of building formal support for the policy through student government and faculty assembly resolutions, drafting policy language, and shepherding the proposed policy through numerous meetings and committees all the way up to and including its formal adoption. This collaboration through engaged citizenship at the campus level also led to a number of unintended benefits to both librarians and graduate students involved. NEXT STEPS AND CONCLUSIONS Ultimately, the CU Boulder collaboration between librarians and graduate students led to significant scholarly communication achievements largely through the utilization of campus-level democratic processes. The case study concludes with a look at next steps for implementing the OA policy across campus as well as a discussion of the labor involved in such efforts, including implications for graduate student involvement in scholarly communication initiatives.
OER and Social Justice: A Colloquium at Oregon State University
Authors: Buck Stefanie , Valentino Maura L.
Published: August 2018

INTRODUCTION Librarians are most likely to address issues of scholarly communication, including information economics and information privilege, with faculty and graduate students who are researching and publishing. However, undergraduate students, being both consumers and creators of information, should also be aware of these issues and can become advocates for open access. While they may not be publishing, the high cost of information directly affects students. They are often unaware the economic models that drive the price of information creation and access. Scholarly communication is not often included in basic information literacy instruction. Including undergraduates in discussions or activities surrounding open access and social justice topics is one way to help create future advocates. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM Two librarians developed a 2-credit, 10-week Honors College course on open educational resources and social justice targeted at undergraduate students. The purpose of the course was to raise awareness among undergraduates on issues of scholarly communication through activities, discussion, and reflection. Course activities were designed to help students discover, synthesize, and reflect on social justice and information access. NEXT STEPS Feedback from the students indicated that the course content was appropriate and that students had a better understanding of these issues and could formulate arguments both for and against open access. Some changes to the course structure and content are under development to give students more opportunities to act as advocates and informed citizens.
Special Issue: The Role of Scholarly Communication in a Democratic Society
Authors: Shorish Yasmeen
Published: August 2018

This editorial provides an introduction to the Special Issue and the connection between scholarly communication and democracy.
Gain Enhancement of Horn Antenna Using Meta Surface Lens
Authors: Manikandan R. , Rao P. H. , Jawahar P. K.
Published: August 2018

Three dimensional meta surface lens is proposed to improve the gain and beam shaping of horn antenna. Hence an array of SRR as a meta surface lens has been designed, fabricated and investigated. This meta surface lens can be used to convert the spherical wave to plane wave for a wide range of frequency. It is proved by permeability and permittivity of meta surface. In this work the operating bandwidth of the proposed antenna is in the range of 9GHz to 11GHz for satellite application. The radiation pattern of E and H plane is sharpened in this work. The antenna 3dB beam width, and front to back ratio were 9.2, 28dB at 10GHz. The radiation characteristics of horn antenna with meta surface have been studied numerically and confirmed experimentally, showing an average gain improvement of ~3dB with respect to horn antenna without meta surface lens.
Movement and joints: effects of overuse on anuran knee tissues
Authors: Vera Miriam Corina , Abdala Virginia , Aráoz Ezequiel , Ponssa María Laura
Published: August 2018

Movement plays a main role in the correct development of joint tissues. In tetrapods, changes in normal movements produce alterations of such tissues during the ontogeny and in adult stages. The knee-joint is ideal for observing the influence of movement disorders, due to biomechanical properties of its components, which are involved in load transmission. We analyze the reaction of knee tissues under extreme exercise in juveniles and adults of five species of anurans with different locomotor modes. We use anurans as the case study because they undergo great mechanical stress during locomotion. We predicted that (a) knee tissues subjected to overuse will suffer a structural disorganization process; (b) adults will experience deeper morphological changes than juveniles; and (c) morphological changes will be higher in jumpers compared to walkers. To address these questions, we stimulated specimens on a treadmill belt during 2 months. We performed histological analyses of the knee of both treated and control specimens. As we expected, overuse caused structural changes in knee tissues. These alterations were gradual and higher in adults, and similar between jumpers and walkers species. This study represents a first approach to the understanding of the dynamics of anuran knee tissues during the ontogeny, and in relation to locomotion. Interestingly, the alterations found were similar to those observed in anurans subjected to reduced mobility and also to those described in joint diseases (i.e., osteoarthritis and tendinosis) in mammals, suggesting that among tetrapods, changes in movement generate similar responses in the tissues involved.
Double Helix Twisted and Coiled Soft Actuator from Spandex and Nylon
Authors: Kim Kihyeon , Cho Kyeong Ho , Jung Ho Sang , Yang Sang Yul , Kim Youngeun , Park Jae Hyeong , Jang Hoyoung , Nam Jae‐Do , Koo Ja Choon , Moon Hyungpil , Suk Ji Won , Rodrigue Hugo , Choi Hyouk Ryeol
Published: August 2018

This paper introduces a fabrication method and properties of newly developed Twisted and Coiled soft Actuator (TCA) from nylon and spandex. The TCA, a thermally driven actuator, is one of the promising soft actuators that shows considerable strain compared to the others. Typically, TCA is fabricated from single polymer fiber such as the spandex and nylon. However, TCA from each material shows some limits. The spandex TCA (STCA) shows siginificant strain more than 45%. However, since the spandex is non‐conductive material, the STCA requires additional heat source such as heat gun. On the other hand, since the nylon TCA (NTCA) is fabricated from silver‐coated nylon, it is capable of Joule heating. However, the strain is considerably smaller than that of the STCA. Newly developed TCA, Double helix TCA (DTCA), is composed of both of them. As a result, the DTCA inherits the properties of the STCA and the NTCA. It is capable of Joule heating showing high strain over 40%. Since, DTCA is very soft, light, and cheap, it has various applications in the field of robots including artificial limbs.
Metal–Organic Framework Nanoshuttle for Synergistic Photodynamic and Low‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhang Kai , Meng Xiangdan , Cao Yu , Yang Zhou , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Yuedong , Lu Huiting , Shi Zhuojie , Zhang Xueji
Published: August 2018

Porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) nanostructures constructed from metal ion/ion clusters and organic bridging ligands hold great promise for biomedicine applications. The developing of nanoagents achieving accurate diagnosis and improved therapeutic effect is highly desirable. Herein, a new‐style versatile zirconium‐ferriporphyrin metal–organic framework (Zr‐FeP MOF) nanoshuttles is reported using a facile one‐pot hydrothermal method. The Zr‐FeP MOF nanoshuttles enable simultaneously to generate abundant reactive oxygen species including hydroxyl radical (·OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) under a near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Significant photothermal effect of Zr‐FeP MOF nanoshuttles with photothermal conversion efficiency high to 33.7% is also demonstrated. Under a single NIR laser irradiation, the Zr‐FeP MOF nanoshuttles loaded with heat shock protein 70 siRNA efficiently suppress the tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo owing to the synergistic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and low‐temperature photothermal therapy (PTT). Meanwhile, it exhibits good photothermal imaging, computed tomography, and photoacoustic imaging tri‐mode tumor‐specific imaging capability for tumor accurate diagnosis. This work contributes to design “all‐in‐one” nanoagents that realize multimodal imaging diagnosis and PDT and low‐temperature PTT synergistic treatments.
IPMC Sensor Integrated Smart Glove for Pulse Diagnosis, Braille Recognition, and Human–Computer Interaction
Authors: Ming Yue , Yang Ying , Fu Ruo Ping , Lu Chao , Zhao Lei , Hu Yi Ming , Li Cheng , Wu Yan Xiao , Liu Hao , Chen Wei
Published: August 2018

Flexible sensors, which can meet human ergonomics requirements by virtue of compliance, are widely used in smart wearable electronics. Compared with existing piezoresistive, capacitive, and piezoelectric sensors, flexible ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) sensors are promising for wearable applications toward monitoring diverse human activities, due to their advanced characteristics of passive, and direction identification. Here, a fluid‐bed‐like reactor is developed for batch preparation of the IPMC sensors, which can overcome those problems including time consuming, and poor batch stability of the devices prepared by the conventional electroless plating method. By the new method, a large number of sensors with good batch stability can be produced in one‐off preparation and in a very short‐time process. Sensitivity of the sensors can reach as high as 2.99 mV in strain range below 1% and high stability above 98.2% over 8000 bending cycles can be achieved. Based on the above, these sensors are successfully integrated into a smart glove, which can diagnose the subtle pulse, perceive the precise braille, and control the robot hand timely. This work presents a practical strategy for large‐scale production of advanced IPMC sensors and will accelerate the wide application in smart wearable systems.
Low‐Dimensional Saturable Absorbers in the Visible Spectral Region
Authors: Zhang Yuxia , Lu Dazhi , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin
Published: August 2018

Visible light has an important and unique value in research and practical applications, because of its perceptible characteristics by the human eye. Directly pumped bulk visible pulsed lasers are booming in recent years stimulated by the advances of blue laser diodes. As critical components, novel and favorable saturable absorbers in view of distinct nonlinear saturable absorption properties are desired, which can promote the development of ultrafast photonics in the visible range. Over the years, low dimensional materials with the advantages of ultrafast carrier recovery rate and distinct nonlinear saturable absorption have originated a class of innovative applications in photonics and optoelectronics, especially as saturable absorbers in the pulsed lasers. Here, the low dimensional saturable absorbers in the visible range are reviewed, including the fabrication, linear and nonlinear optical response, and applications in the pulsed visible lasers of low dimensional semiconductors and noble metal nanoparticles. The design criteria of the low dimensional saturable absorbers for generating laser pluse by Q‐switching and mode‐locking are proposed and discussed. Finally, some possible development tendency and directions of saturable absorbers for the visible pulsed lasers are proposed in this review by focusing on some potential strengths.
Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylthiolated and α‐Thiocyanated Ketones Using Umpoled Enolates
Authors: Xia Xiaowen , Chen Bocheng , Zeng Xiaojun , Xu Bo
Published: August 2018

An efficient synthesis of α‐trifluoromethylthiolated and α‐thiocynated ketones via Umpolung strategy is developed. Umpoled enolates (N‐alkenoxypyridinium salts) react smoothly with readily available sulfur containing nucleophiles such as AgSCF3 and KSCN using CH3CN as the solvent. N‐alkenoxypyridinium salts could be easily prepared from the gold catalyzed addition of pyridine N‐oxide to alkynes. Our simple condition offers good chemical yields and high functional group tolerance.

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The prevalence of exposure to high molecular weight asthmagens derived from plants among workers in Australia
Authors: El‐Zaemey Sonia , Carey Renee N. , Darcey Ellie , Reid Alison , Glass Deborah C. , Driscoll Tim R. , Crewe Julie , Abramson Michael J. , Si Si , Benke Geza , Fritschi Lin
Published: August 2018

Background

Limited information is available on exposure to high molecular weight (HMW) asthmagens derived from plants and on the main occupations and tasks that result in such exposure among workers.

Methods

Data were collected as part of the Australian Work Exposures Study—Asthma. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) using modified Poisson regression models to determine which factors were associated with exposure.

Results

A 12.8% of 4878 workers were exposed to HMW asthmagens derived from plants. The highest prevalence of exposure was found among farmers/animal workers, education workers, and food processing workers. The main circumstances of exposure were through handling flour, freesias, or through raising livestock. Exposure was more common among female workers (aPR = 1.26, 1.10‐1.43) than males, while it was lower among workers born overseas (aPR = 0.70, 0.57‐0.86) than those born in Australia.

Conclusion

Prevention of exposure to HMW asthmagens derived from plants requires a broad strategy targeting different tasks and occupations.
Hypoperfusion ratio predicts infarct growth during transfer for thrombectomy
Authors: Guenego Adrien , Mlynash Michael , Christensen Soren , Kemp Stephanie , Heit Jeremy J. , Lansberg Maarten G. , Albers Gregory W.
Published: August 2018

We hypothesized that automated assessment of collaterals on computed tomography perfusion can predict the rate of infarct growth during transfer from a primary to a comprehensive stroke center for endovascular stroke treatment. We identified consecutive patients (N = 28) and assessed their collaterals based on the hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) prior to transfer. Infarct growth rate was strongly correlated with HIR (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified HIR ≥ 0.5 as optimal for predicting infarct growth. Patients with HIR ≥ 0.5 had a median infarct growth rate of 10.1ml/h (interquartile range [IQR] = 6.4–18.4) compared with 0.9ml/h (IQR = 0–2.8; p < 0.001) in patients with HIR < 0.5. Patients with HIR ≥ 0.5 had an 83% probability of significant core growth, whereas patients with HIR < 0.5 had an 88% probability of core stability. These preliminary data have the potential to guide decision making regarding whether repeat brain imaging should be performed after transfer to a comprehensive stroke center. Ann Neurol 2018;84:616–620
Tetracationic Gallium Cluster Cations
Authors: Glootz Kim , Kratzert Daniel , Himmel Daniel , Kastro Aho , Yassine Zeinab , Findeisen Tobias , Krossing Ingo
Published: August 2018

The univalent salt Ga(PhF)2+[Al(ORF)4]− (RF=OC(CF3)3) forms the strongly metal–metal bonded cluster tetracations [GaII2(L)4]4+ and [GaI4(L′)8]4+, when it reacts with innocent ligands like phenanthroline (L=phen) or t‐butylisonitrile (L′=tBu‐NC). Their structures and energetics are discussed as a function of the employed ligands, supported by DFT calculations and Born–Fajans–Haber cycles.
Teaching historical thinking and reasoning: Construction of an observation instrument
Authors: Gestsdóttir Súsanna Margrét , van Boxtel Carla , van Drie Jannet
Published: August 2018

For some years, historical thinking and reasoning (HTR) have been important educational goals for upper secondary education in many countries. Nevertheless, teachers are often unsure of how to realise these ideas in the classroom. This article reports on the development of the domain‐specific observation instrument Teach‐HTR. It is intended for the further professional development of experienced history teachers who wish to foster historical thinking and reasoning, as well as to assist those who are doing their initial teacher training. The observation instrument was developed in several phases.

A literature review was conducted to operationalise the dimensions of learning and teaching involved in historical thinking and reasoning. The content validity of this first version was evaluated by experts using a content validity rating form and subsequently revised. The final instrument consists of seven categories of teaching historical reasoning and 33 items. The instrument was piloted in 10 history lessons in Iceland and subsequently in 10 lessons in the Netherlands. Inter‐rater reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and percentage of agreement. The internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. In the second pilot, the instrument showed acceptable inter‐rater reliability and internal consistency. The outcomes of the two pilots are described, and examples are given of lessons with high and low scores. The instrument can help identify concrete examples of teaching historical thinking and reasoning and points for development, which makes it a promising instrument for professional development.
Solid‐State NMR Study on Phosphorus Species in Phosphorus‐modified ZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Kang Na Young , Park Yong Ki , Kim Chul
Published: August 2018

Chemical changes of phosphorus‐modified ZSM‐5 zeolite in calcining and steaming processes were studied using solid‐state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. 1H → 31P cross‐polarization magic angle spinning and 31P–27Al rotational‐echo double resonance signals of calcined and steamed P‐ZSM‐5 zeolites were measured and analyzed. Results showed that the average distance between phosphorus and hydrogens in phosphorus compounds was increased while the average distance between aluminum and phosphorus was decreased after the steaming process. Aluminum attached to highly condensed phosphates was protected in the zeolite framework during the steaming process.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Water‐Soluble Polycarboxylic Derivatives of [60]Fullerene Loaded with 3,4‐Dichlorophenyl Units
Authors: Voronov Ilya I. , Martynenko Vyacheslav M. , Chernyak Alexander V. , Balzarini Jan , Schols Dominique , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: August 2018

We have synthesized a series of water‐soluble polycarboxylic derivatives of [60]fullerene with a gradually changed polarity by combining three to five polar (ionic) malonate addends with two to zero hydrophobic dichlorobenzene units and explored their antiviral activity. It has been shown that decreasing the number of the ionogenic carboxylic groups in the molecules enhanced their antiviral activity against HIV‐1 and suppressed their action against HIV‐2. The obtained results implied that the charged states and hydrophobicity of the water‐soluble polycarboxylic fullerene derivatives affect significantly their biological properties.
Baking tests: Effect of sucrose and water on yeast gassing power
Authors: Gélinas Pierre , McKinnon Carole
Published: August 2018

Background and objectives

Baking tests must be performed with formulations giving controlled gas production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sucrose and water on yeast gassing power in dough. Total gas production, gas production rate, and residual fermentable sugars were determined in dough made with white flour and ten wholemeal samples.

Findings

With white flour adjusted for diastatic activity, gas produced after 3 hr at 38°C was constant in dough containing up to 6% sucrose. In the latter, yeast gassing power increased according to water content contrary to non‐sugared dough which gave uniform gas production. Yeast inhibition was seen with all flour samples tested. Gas production in dough also varied according to the yeast lot.

Conclusions

Sucrose and lack of water inhibited yeast gassing power in dough. Depending on the water content, fermented dough with 6% sucrose produced 10%–30% less gas than non‐sugared dough.

Significance and novelty

Yeast was inhibited by osmotic pressure in dough containing too much sugar and, to a lesser extent, too little water, resulting in variable gas production and potential bias in bread volume. Baking tests on flour with low water absorption should be performed with non‐sugared dough.
Study of the Electroreactivity of Amoxicillin on Carbon Nanotube‐Supported Metal Electrodes
Authors: Ferreira Marta , Kuzniarska‐Biernacka Iwona , Fonseca António M. , Neves Isabel C. , Soares Olívia S. G. P. , Pereira Manuel F. R. , Figueiredo José L. , Parpot Pier
Published: August 2018

The electroreactivity of amoxicillin (AMX) was studied on catalysts based on platinum, palladium and ruthenium supported on carbon nanotubes (Pt/CNT, Pd/CNT, Ru/CNT) in aqueous media using cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammograms show two oxidation processes, the first one between 0.5 and 1.0 V vs. reference hydrogen electrode (RHE) and the second one between 1.2 and 1.6 V vs. RHE. The effects of electrocatalytic material and supporting electrolyte, on current intensities and oxidation potentials, were determined using experimental design strategy (DOE). Kinetic parameters of the oxidation reactions were calculated from the scan rate study. The constant potential electrolysis of AMX was carried out on Ru/CNT catalyst, in 0.1 M NaOH and AMX conversion reached 45 % after 6 h of electrolysis at 2.5 V vs. RHE. The percentages of CO32−, SO42− and NO3− among oxidation products were 26, 17 and 4 %, respectively. The primary degradation products of AMX determined by HPLC‐MS gave some insight about the reaction pathways.
Boosting Water Splitting Performance of BiVO4 Photoanode through Selective Surface Decoration of Ag2S
Authors: Guan Peng , Bai Hongye , Wang Fagen , Yu Hao , Xu Dongbo , Chen Biyi , Xia Teng , Fan Weiqiang , Shi Weidong
Published: August 2018

The unsatisfactory of solar absorption and charge separation is the main loss limiting the conversion efficiency in photoelectrochemical water splitting system. Here, Ag2S/BiVO4 heterostructure have been fabricated for the first time to PEC splitting water, achieving efficient solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. The Ag2S nanoparticles evenly distributing on the surface of BiVO4 not only promotes the charge separation, but also greatly facilitates the surface hole injection. The results show that the optimal Ag2S/BiVO4 heterostructure reach a remarkable photocurrent density of 1.91 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V (vs RHE) under 100 mW/cm2 irradiation, which is approximately 3.2‐fold higher than that of bare BiVO4. The incident photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) of Ag2S/BiVO4 heterostructure have been enhanced up to 23 % in visible region (Vbias=1.23 V, 460 nm). In addition, Ag2S/BiVO4 shows the attracting stability during photoelectrochemical process, since its photocurrent density can keep for 92 % after 2 h. The charges transfer mechanism for Ag2S/BiVO4 heterostructure were also proposed. This work provides a new insight for constructing efficient and stable photoanodes based on BiVO4.
Bis‐Bipyridinium Gemini Surfactant‐Based Supramolecular Helical Fibers and Solid State Thermochromism
Authors: Xu Yan , Yuan Tianyu , Nour Hany F. , Fang Lei , Olson Mark A.
Published: August 2018

The processability and functional performance of stimuli‐responsive supramolecular materials are key factors in determining their utility and potential for mass adoption, usage, and profitability. However, it is difficult to predict how structural changes to the molecular components of these systems will impact their operation. Here, a series of π‐electron‐deficient bis‐bipyridinium gemini surfactants were synthesized and evaluated to elucidate the structure–property relationships that govern their ability to form helical‐fiber‐based donor–acceptor hydrogels, impact hydrogel strength, and influence their solid‐state thermochromism. When combined with the π‐electron‐rich donor melatonin, the helical‐fiber‐ and hydrogel‐forming ability of the gemini surfactants was largely influenced by the dimensions of the rigid bridging group that connects the two bis‐bipyridinium units. Dynamic viscoelastic rheology and linear sweep voltammetric analysis revealed a positive correlation between the length of the gemini‐surfactant bridging group and both the hydrogel strength and the magnitude of the charge‐transfer interaction between the donor–acceptor pair. Solid‐state thermochromic transition temperatures of processed aerogels, xerogel films, and inkjet‐printed patterns were positively correlated with the strength of the charge transfer interaction between the donor–acceptor pair and, thus, also with the length of the gemini surfactant bridging group. The results provide impactful insights that will enable the development of new donor–acceptor‐based thermochromes with versatile processability and tunable functionality.
Multifaceted Study on a Cytochalasin Scaffold: Lessons on Reactivity, Multidentate Catalysis, and Anticancer Properties
Authors: Zaghouani Mehdi , Gayraud Oscar , Jactel Vincent , Prévost Sébastien , Dezaire Ambre , Sabbah Michèle , Escargueil Alexandre , Lai Thanh‐Lan , Le Clainche Christophe , Rocques Nathalie , Romero Stéphane , Gautreau Alexis , Blanchard Florent , Frison Gilles , Nay Bastien
Published: August 2018

An intramolecular Diels–Alder (IMDA) reaction efficiently accelerated by Schreiner's thiourea is reported, to build a functionalized cytochalasin scaffold (periconiasin series) for biological purposes. DFT calculation highlighted a unique multidentate cooperative hydrogen bonding in this catalysis. The deprotection end game afforded a collection of diverse structures and showed the peculiar reactivity of the Diels–Alder cycloadducts upon functionalization. Biological studies revealed strong cytotoxicity of a few compounds on breast cancer cell lines while actin polymerization is preserved.
Organization of subcortical auditory nuclei of Japanese house bat (Pipistrellus abramus) identified with cytoarchitecture and molecular expression
Authors: Ito Tetsufumi , Furuyama Takafumi , Hase Kazuma , Kobayasi Kohta I. , Hiryu Shizuko , Riquimaroux Hiroshi
Published: August 2018

The auditory system of echolocating bats shows remarkable specialization likely related to analyzing echoes of sonar pulses. However, significant interspecies differences have been observed in the organization of auditory pathways among echolocating bats, and the homology of auditory nuclei with those of non‐echolocating species has not been established. Here, in order to establish the homology and specialization of auditory pathways in echolocating bats, the expression of markers for glutamatergic, GABAergic, and glycinergic phenotypes in the subcortical auditory nuclei of Japanese house bat (Pipistrellus abramus) was evaluated. In the superior olivary complex, we identified the medial superior olive and superior paraolivary nuclei as expressing glutamatergic and GABAergic phenotypes, respectively, suggesting these nuclei are homologous with those of rodents. In the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus (NLL), the dorsal nucleus was found to be purely GABAergic, the intermediate nucleus was a mixture of glutamatergic and inhibitory neurons, the compact part of the ventral nucleus was purely glycinergic, and the multipolar part of the ventral nucleus expressed both GABA and glycine. In the inferior colliculus (IC), the central nucleus was found to be further subdivided into dorsal and ventral parts according to differences in the density of terminals and the morphology of large GABAergic neurons, suggesting specialization to sonar pulse structure. Medial geniculate virtually lacked GABAergic neurons, suggesting that the organization of the tectothalamic pathway is similar with that of rodents. Taken together, our findings revealed that specialization primarily occurs with regard to nuclei size and organization of the NLL and IC.
Deriving Extracellular Vesicle Size From Scatter Intensities Measured by Flow Cytometry
Authors: de Rond Leonie , Coumans Frank A. W. , Nieuwland Rienk , van Leeuwen Ton G. , van der Pol Edwin
Published: August 2018

Flow cytometry is commonly used to investigate the potential for extracellular vesicles (EVs) to be biomarkers of disease. A typical flow cytometer detects fluorescence and scatter intensities of single EVs in arbitrary units. These arbitrary units complicate data interpretation and data comparison between different flow cytometers. For example, comparison of detected EV concentrations requires knowledge of the detectable EV sizes. Using Mie theory and knowledge of the optical configuration of the flow cytometer, EV size can be derived from the scatter intensity for a given EV refractive index. Here, a protocol is described to derive the size of EVs and other nanoparticles from the scatter intensity. The resulting size distribution allows the comparison of data between flow cytometers, which is a prerequisite for clinical application of EVs as biomarkers and may advance other fields where sizing of nanoparticles is essential. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A multi‐core ready discrete element method with triangles using dynamically adaptive multiscale grids
Authors: Krestenitis Konstantinos , Weinzierl Tobias
Published: August 2018

The simulation of vast numbers of rigid bodies of non‐analytical shapes and of tremendously different sizes that collide with each other is computationally challenging. A bottleneck is the identification of all particle contact points per time step. We propose a tree‐based multilevel meta data structure to administer the particles. The data structure plus a purpose‐made tree traversal identifying the contact points introduce concurrency to the particle comparisons, whilst they keep the absolute number of particle‐to‐particle comparisons low. Furthermore, a novel adaptivity criterion allows explicit time stepping to work with comparably large time steps. It optimises both toward low algorithmic complexity per time step and low numbers of time steps. We study three different parallelisation strategies exploiting our traversal's concurrency. The fusion of two of them yields promising speedups once we rely on maximally asynchronous task‐based realisations. Our work shows that new computer architecture can push the boundary of rigid particle computability, yet if and only if the right data structures and data processing schemes are chosen.
Energy efficiency and I/O performance of low‐power architectures
Authors: Pavan Pablo J. , K. Lorenzoni Ricardo , R. Machado Vinícius , Bez Jean L. , Padoin Edson L. , Z. Boito Francieli , Navaux Philippe O.A. , Méhaut Jean‐François
Published: August 2018

This paper presents an energy efficiency and I/O performance analysis of low‐power architectures when compared to conventional architectures, with the goal of studying the viability of using them as storage servers. Our results show that despite the fact the power demand of the storage device amounts for a small fraction of the power demand of the whole system, significant increases in power demand are observed when accessing the storage device. We investigate the access pattern impact on power demand, looking at the whole system and at the storage device by itself, and compare all tested configurations regarding energy efficiency. Then we extrapolate the conclusions from this research to provide guidelines for when considering the replacement of traditional storage servers by low‐power alternatives. We show the choice depends on the expected workload, estimates of power demand of the systems, and factors limiting performance. These guidelines can be applied for other architectures than the ones used in this work.
Rfoot: Transcriptome‐Scale Identification of RNA‐Protein Complexes from Ribosome Profiling Data
Authors: Ji Zhe
Published: August 2018

Ribosome profiling was developed to identify genome‐wide RNA fragments associated with translating ribosomes. However, no experimental procedure was developed to effectively purify ribosome‐RNA complexes. Actually, ribosome profiling is a transcriptomic RNase footprinting assay, which can identify both ribosomal and non‐ribosomal protein‐RNA complexes. Many sequencing reads represent functional RNA footprints associated with non‐ribosomal proteins. Here I present a computational pipeline named Rfoot to systematically identify genome‐wide non‐ribosomal RNA footprints, based on the highly localized read distribution feature. Analyses have revealed native functional protein‐RNA complexes in lncRNAs, 3′UTRs of mRNAs, and all types of small noncoding RNAs. This computational tool is useful for discovering novel noncoding functions of RNAs. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.