bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Transfer by The Toad Bladder
Authors: Ibrahim Sulaiman
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. Studies have been made on the isolated urinary bladder of the toad, Bufo marinus, in an attempt to investigate the effect of vasopressin on the permeability of water from mucosal surface to serosal surface of the toad bladder. The method adapted was that described by Bentley ( 1 ). The bilobed bladder of the toad is devided into two separate sacs. Each of the sacs is filled with a dilute Ringers solution and then immersed in aerated isotonic Ringers solution. The rate of water loss along the imposed osmotic gradient is estimated by weighing the sacs in air at 30 minute intervals and nothing the weight  loss in that time period. In most studies one bladder sac serves as a control for the contra lateral experimental obtained from the same animal. Osmotic flow of water is negligible in both sacs during the initial control periods. However, the addition of vasopressin to the solution bathing the serosal surface of the membrane result in a market increase in net water movement. The effect is readily reversed by rinsing the bladder and adding hormone free Ringgers solution to the serosal surface. Characteristically no response is elicited by addition of hormone to the mucosal bathing solution.
The Production of Lactic Acids grom Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Abubakar Amhar
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT.The ratio of D-and L-lactic acid produced in media by 39 strains of the L. acidophilus group lactic acid bacteria (A1-A4,B1, and B2 subgroups) was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). L. acidophilus (A1) and L. jhonsonii (B2) produced the lowest ( 5 strains average : 41.9%) contents of D-lactic acid in MRS broth, respectively. Generally, the most dominant lactic acid (more than 50%) produced by each strain in MRS broth was a D-type isomer, except for the A1 subgroup. In L. gasseri DSM 20243T (B1), increases in the sugar content in MRS broth induced both a high production of total lactic acids and a high ratio of D-lactic acid. In skim milk, D-lactic acid decreased by 20 – 30 % in 5 strain types of the L. acidophilus group except L. amylovorus JCM 1126 T (A3). By sequentially changing the medium, the content of D-lactic acid in the final MRS broth reverted to almost the same level of that in the initial MRS broth. These results indicated that the ratio of D-lactic acid produced by L. acidophilus group bacteria may be controlled by improving fermentative condition
Pengaruh Jenis Kelamin dan Umur Terhadap Karkas dan Sisa Karkas Kerbau Lumpur di Rumah Potong Hewan Banda Aceh
Authors: Ali Mawardi Mohd.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. The effect of sex and old to carcass and offal of swamp Bufallo at Rumah Potong Hewan Banda Aceh, have been done in Banda Aceh as long as 10 days. The material that was used were swamp bufalloes from Banda Aceh regency, as much as 36 bufalloes, that was sparated 18 females and 19 males. The aim of this study was to know the partial and interaction effect of sex and old to carcass percentage and offal of swamp bufalloes. The method used of this study was direct observation at Rumah Potong Hewan. The variable that was knowed were; the heavy of: weight, carcass, head, hide, heart, feet, liver, lungs, spleen, full digestive tract, and the carcass percentage. The data collected was Analyzed by completely Randomized Design (CRD), wich 3x2 factorial pattern and six times replication. As a main factor was old, that was sparated by 3 – 4 years, 4 – 5 years, and 5 years. The data was tested by Duncan’s test. The result of this study showed that was not any interaction effect of old and sex to carcass percentage and offal. Also, that not any effect of sex to carcass percentage, but effect of sex was significance different to offal. The other hand, not any effect of old to carcass percentage and offal.
Isolasi, Komponen Peptida Bioaktif yang Terkandung Dalam Kasein Susu
Authors: Yahya Helmi M. , Abubakar Amhar
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. The production of Casein hydrolysate with an extracellular proteinase from Lactobacillus helveticus CP790, was fractionated by two-step reverse phase heigh performance liquid chromatography. Only 1 fraction showed antihypertensive activity as measured by systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats after oral adsministration. Ten peptides in the fraction were further purified and identified by analisys of amino acid sequences. Each identified peptide was chemically synthesized, and the ant.ihypertensive activity of each peptide was evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The synthetic peptide with a sequence of Lys-Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro-Gln, found in β-casein, indicated strong antihypertensive activity from 2 to 10 h after oral adsministration of 2 mg of peptide/kg of BW, and the effect was maximal at 6 h after oral adsministration. Moreover, the antihypertensive effect of the peptide was dependent on the dosage of peptide from 0.5 to 2 mg o peptide/kg of BW.
Pengaruh Umur Pemotongan Terhadap Produksi Protein dan Serat Kasar Macroptilium atropurpureum
Authors: Husin M. Nur
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT.This research is intended to know the influence of cutting interval on crude protein production and crude fiber of Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro). Treatment with cutting interval was of 5, 7, 9 and 11 weeks. Result of study showed a maximum crude protein production of siratro 563,27 kg/ha/years was fonded at the age of 9 weeks. Maximum crude fiber production of siratro 1482,53 kg/ha was founded at the age 11 weeks.
Penggunaan Berbagai Jenis Minyak Sebagai Sumber Energi Dalam Ransum Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Kolestrol Telur Puyuh (Cortunix-cortunix japonica)
Authors: Fitri Cut Aida , Zulfan Zulfan
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. A study on the use vegetable oil as energy source in diet to decrease cholestrol concentration of quail egg conducted at exprimental Farm-Syiah Kuala University. The study was designed by Completely Randomized Design., divided into 5 treatments of vegetable oil source; soybean oil; coconut oil, palm oil, corn oil and zaitun oil. Result of present study showed that the difference in vegetable oil source in diet affected cholestrol concentration of quail diet. The use of palm or corn oil in quail diet has a more positive affect to decrease cholestrol concentration of quail egg. Corn oil in diet decrease 18.7 % cholesetrol and 23.8 % LDL compared to coconut oil. Differences in vegetable oil source in diet also significantly affected egg production but dit not affected body weight gain of quail.
Pengaruh Penambahan Molases Terhadap Komposisi Kimia Silase Beberapa Jenis Rumput Yang Ditanam Bercampur Dengan Stylos
Authors: Yunus M.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. This study was conducted in UPTD (Unit Pelaksana Tugas Dinas) Saree Aceh Besar about 4 weeks. The matter of this study are 4 kinds of grass there are rumput benggala (panicum maximum) rumput BD (Brachiaria decumbent). The grass that use in this study ditanam mixe with stylosanthes guyanesis legume, while the additive in silage is molasses. The study was designed into Completely Randomized Design (CDR) Factorial 4x3. There were 3 replications. First factor was R1 (Rumput Benggala + Stylosanthes guyanesis), R2 (Rumput lampung+Stylosanthes guyanesis), R3 (Rumput BD + Stylosanthes guyanesis), R4 (Rumput Star grass + Stylosanthes guyanesis) and the second factor were 3 level there were M1 (0%0,M2(3%) dan M3 (5%). Invetigated variabes included pH, Dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ash and water containet..The data were analyzed by an analysis of variance and as a significant effect was detected, the analysis was contained by Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT), Steel and Torrie (1991). The result of this study showed that the different of several grass have hight significantly (P,0.010 of dry matter, crude protein, ash and water containing but have no significantly on pH and crude fiber silage. The diferent among molasses have significantly on pH, crude protein and crude fiber silage. From BNT test showed that molasses increased dry matter and crude protein of silage compared to no molasses added. However, th used of molasses decreased crude fiber and water contain compared to no molasses added. The quality of silage found at level of 5.5% molasses especially on star grass (R4M3). The study concluded that using different level molasses es on several grass producted better silage than without molasses.
Isolasi Penghambat Aktivitas Enzim Pengubah Angiotensin Dari Protein Susu
Authors: Abubakar Amhar
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. Three kinds of samles (whey protein containing casenoglycopeptide, whey protein removed casenoglycopeptide and cheese whey powder digested with 7 kinds of proteases at 37 0C for 24 hr (trypsin, protenase-K, actinase-E, thermolysin, and papain) or 25 0C (pepsin and chymotrypsin). Strong inhibotory activity against the angiotensin converting enzyime (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) was generated in all samples by 5 proteases digestion (pepsin, chymotrypsin, protinase-K, thermolysin and papain). In whey protein removed caseinoglycopeptide digestion by thermolysin induced the highest activity (95,25%). In cheese whey powder, the highest activity was derived by thermolysin (98.25%). On the other hand, week ACE inhibitory activity were derived by trypsin and actinase-E digestion. As no remarkable differences in inhibitory activity were observed between whey protein containing casenoglycopeptide and whey protein removed casenoglycopeptide samples, the bioactive peptides are considered to come mainly not from casenoglycopeptide but from cheese whey powder components.
Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Ikan Lemuru (Sardenella Fimbriata) Terhadap Persentase Karkas Broiler
Authors: Ibrahim Sulaiman
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT. An experiment was conducted for five weeks to study the effect on feeding different levels of fish meal, Sarninella fibriata on carcass percentage of Cobb broiler strain. 120 day old Cobb chicks were randomly divided into eight expremiental groups, each consisting of 15 birds. Each groubs of 15 bird was divided into three replications of five birs, which then placed into 1x1 x 0.7 m cages at the rate of five birds per cage. Group one, two, three and four were fed 1 %, 4%, 7% and 10% of fish meal, Sardinella fibriata. Groub five, six, seven and eight were maintained with feed and water always available. The carcass percentage of teo birds of each five bird of each reflication were recorded at the end of the experiment. The average of carcass pecentage of groub one, two, three and four of fish meal. Sardinella fimbriata were 62, 67, 69, 68.40 and 69.37% resvectivaly. The average of carcass percentage of groub five, six, seven and eight of commercial fish meal were 63.22, 59.49, 64.90 and 70.22% respectively. There were significant different (P0.01) between groub six and groub eight of commercial fish meal, but there were no significant differences noted.
Evaluation of Financial Condition of Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study
Authors: Neogy Taposh Kumar
Published: February 2020

The study mainly evaluates the financial condition of Private Commercial Banks inBangladeshduring the years from 2004 to 2008. The Sample banks have been able to earn profit and the percentage of net profit is satisfactory during the study period. Return on total assets ratio and return on equity ratio of the sample banks are also satisfactory during the period under study.  The financial condition of the sample banks is satisfactory during the period under study.
JEL Classification Code: M41
A Novel Musculoskeletal Joint Modeling for Orthopaedic Applications
Authors: Ozada Neriman , Madani Seyed Saeed
Published: February 2020

The  objective  of  the  work  carried  out  in  this  research  was  to  develop  analytical  and computational  tools  to  model  and  investigate  musculoskeletal  human  joints. It  was recognised  that  the  FEA  was  used  by  many  researchers  in  modelling  human musculoskeletal  motion,  loading  and  stresses.    However  the  continuum  mechanics played  only  a minor  role  in  determining  the  articular  joint motion,  and  its  value was questionable.  This  is  firstly  due  to  the  computational  cost  and  secondly  due  to  its  impracticality for  this application.   On  the other hand,  there  isn’t any suitable software  for  precise  articular  joint motion  analysis  to  deal with  the  local  joint  stresses  or  non  standard  joints.   The main  requirement  in  orthopaedics  field  is  to  develop  a modeller  software  (and  its  associated  theories)  to  model  anatomic  joint  as  it  is,  without  any  simplification  with  respect  to  joint  surface  morphology  and  material  roperties  of  surrounding  tissues.    So  that  the  proposed  modeller  can  be  used  for  evaluating  and  diagnosing different  joint abnormalities but  furthermore  form  the basis  for performing  implant  insertion and analysis of  the artificial  joints.   The work which  is presented  in  this  research  is  a  new  frame  work  and  has  been  developed  for  human  anatomic  joint  analysis  which  describes  the  joint  in  terms  of  its  surface  geometry  and  surrounding  musculoskeletal  tissues.    In  achieving  such  a  framework  several  contributions  were  made  to  the 6DOF  linear and nonlinear  joint modelling,  the mathematical definition of  joint stiffness, tissue path finding and wrapping and the contact with collision analysis. In  6DOF  linear  joint modelling,  the  contribution  is  the  development  of  joint  stiffness  and damping matrices. This modelling approach is suitable for the linear range of tissue stiffness and damping properties.    This  is  the  first  of  its  kind  and  it  gives  a  firm  analytical basis  for  investigating  joints with  surrounding  tissue and  the cartilage.   The  6DOF nonlinear  joint modelling  is a new scheme which  is described for modelling  the  motion  of  multi  bodies  joined  by  non-linear  stiffness  and  contact  elements.  The  proposed method requires no matrix assembly for the stiffness and damping elements or  mass  elements.    The  novelty  in  the  nonlinear  modelling,  relates  to  the  overall  algorithmic  approach  and  handling  local  non-linearity  by  procedural  means.
Anthropology an Intellectual Tradition and Contemporary Relevance
Authors: Abbasi Hina Qanber
Published: February 2020

The notion of invariable human nature has been an important subject of enquiry and continues even in the modern times. The relative malleability has been argued in recent centuries by the early mechanists Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jaques Rousseau. As Rousseau stated “We do not know what our nature permits us to be” thinkers like Hegel and Marx argued against invariable human nature. Still more recent scientific perspective such as behaviorism, modern psychology claims to be neutral in this regard. To them human’s origin posses underlying mechanism, having capacities for change and diversity, which ultimately is a violation of the classical philosophical anthropology. The resulting fragmentation, as a consequence, has impacted intellectual enquiry. It is pertinent to say that the new dialectics of change fail to comprehend ethics and moral values, which are associated with higher aim, realization of good life, politics implied to reach agreements on better conditions, and realization of rationality (which engages in enquiry to realize the common good), thereby jeopardizing place of humanity in the cosmos. The new global forces have made people powerless, reduced them to a cog in the environment of uncertainty, ultimately leading to a looming war of all against all that is inexorably destroying the conditions for life. The policies and characteristics of the modern state and their bureaucracies rather accelerate these sequences which may lead to eradication of humanity. In this paper we try to resolve issues of legacy, along with the new dialectical patterns of globalization.
Plan and Policies for Success in the Business World: A Conceptual Study
Authors: Alam Md. Asraful , Islam Md. Motaharul
Published: February 2020

Bangladesh is a land of opportunity. The individual has the opportunity to obtain an education, to select his occupation, and to make progress in his chosen work. Bangladesh is a country where many people are working. More than one of every ten persons in our nation is employed. While opportunities for employment are almost unlimited, the happiest workers are those who have learned a trade or a profession, who are successful in working with others and who are efficient producers. Each worker who strives to do his best gains much personal satisfaction from his employment helps produce goods and services at reasonable prices and contributes to the welfare of his community and his nation.
The Impact of Collaborative Task on the FL Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Sadeghi Bahador , Safari Roya
Published: February 2020

Previous literature has revealed that collaborative manner of learning improves the second language acquisition. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of a collaborative learning task compared to direct method on the FL vocabulary acquisition. To this end, two groups of intermediate EFL learners (N=38) were treated through collaborative task and direct method respectively. The learners were subjected to a pretest, a Snowball task and a direct method, and a post test over a period of one month. The result of T-test data analysis revealed that collaborative learning task played a significant role in improving learner’s vocabulary knowledge, and there was significant difference between the present collaborative learning task and direct learning method .Therefore, the findings of this study have implications for teachers , learners, and syllabus and textbook designers.
POSSIBILITIES OF DIELECTRIC LOGGING APPLICABLE TO THE STUDY OF THE BAZHENOV FORMATION
Authors: Glinskikh V. N. , Nikitenko M. N. , Fedoseev A. A.
Published: February 2020

The work is devoted to substantiating the lithological interpretation of dielectric logging data in the Bazhenov Formation intervals, based on the frequency dispersion effect of bazhenites. Mathematical modeling shows the high sensitivity of the relative amplitude-phase characteristics to the frequency-dependent electrophysical characteristics of carbonate-siliceous-clay deposits in a high-frequency range. The results of the study indicate the fundamental possibility of dielectric logging data numerical inversion to highlight the main lithological types of the Bazhenov Formation rocks.
THE EFFECT OF THE OVERBURDEN STRUCTURE AND INTERFACES CURVATURE ON AVO INVERSION OF PP-REFLECTIONS
Authors: Nefedkina T. V. , Shilov N. N.
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we consider an effect of incorrect accounting of the overburden structure and interfaces curvature on results of nonlinear AVO inversion. The research is carried out on synthetic data obtained using ray method for two- and three-layer models with convex and concave interfaces. We show that neglect of the overburden heterogeneity leads to inversion errors about 10–19 % and neglect of the reflector’s curvature to errors about 2 % for convex and 11 % for concave interfaces.
Redução de riscos de desastres na produção sobre educação ambiental: um panorama das pesquisas no Brasil
Authors: Matsuo Patricia Mie , Oliveira e Souza Sandra Aparecida de , Louro Ferreira Silva Rosana , Trajber Rachel
Published: February 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a temática redução de riscos de desastres (RRD) na produção acadêmica de educação ambiental no Brasil, no período de 1981-2018, identificando suas características, lacunas e oportunidades. A busca foi realizada com seis descritores nos títulos e resumos de seis plataformas. Os 26 estudos analisados apresentaram múltiplas abordagens e onze categorias temáticas foram estabelecidas a partir da análise de conteúdo. A maioria dos trabalhos estava relacionada à percepção, ao ensino e currículo e à gestão e políticas públicas. As principais lacunas foram encontradas no reduzido número de pesquisas sobre formação, participação, comunicação e fatores geradores de risco. Apenas um trabalho utilizou o termo RRD e nenhum trabalho relacionado às secas foi identificado. Os resultados subsidiam futuros caminhos da produção acadêmica e evidenciam a necessidade de investigação e aprofundamento da RRD no campo da educação ambiental.
METHODS OF EVALUATION OF SANITARY-ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF TERRITORIES
Authors: Geger Emiliya V. , Zolotnikova G. P. , Kaptsov V. A.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. On the basis of monitoring data for 2005-2017, the analysis of the ecological and hygienic situation in the territory of the Bryansk region was carried out and the integral index of pollution of territories was derived. Ranking of territories was carried out taking into account pollution of air, water, food by chemical and radioactive substances. Material and methods. Monitoring of environmental pollution, method of expert estimations, the coefficient of concordance, integral index of pollution. Results. The study identified anthropogenic pollutants of the areas, the most disadvantaged areas, and relatively clean areas. The degree of pollution of each territory was established on the basis of an integral index. The proposed method for ecological and hygienic ranking of territories allowed systematically assessing the state of the environment. Conclusion. According to the results of the research, it can be confirmed that the main sources of impact on the environment of the region are vehicles and construction enterprises, as well as the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. Risk assessment for public health was carried out taking into account the real risk of human exposure to ecotoxicants coming from all objects of the environment, using the method of expert assessments and an integral index assessing the total pollution and taking into account the level of pollution of air, water, food chemicals, and radioactive substances. New approaches to the ecological and hygienic characteristics of the territories can be recommended for a comprehensive assessment of the environment, the development of predictive assessments of the negative impact of man-made environmental pollution on public health, management of risk factors for the development of environmentally-dependent pathology in the population in areas with different levels of man-made pollution.
DETERMINATION OF STANDARDIZED DOSES OF ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION OF WATER FROM BACTERIAL, VIRAL AND PARASITIC CONTAMINATION
Authors: Rakhmanin Yu. A. , Zagainova Anzhelika V. , Artemova T. Z. , Gipp E. K. , Kuznetsova K. Yu. , Kurbatova I. V. , Gritsyuk O. V. , Novozhilov K. A. , Aslanova M. M. , Maniya T. R. , Fedets Z. E. , Nedachin A. E. , Dmitrieva R. A. , Doskina T. V. , Abramov I. A. , Zhuravlev P. V.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The proposed criteria for the sanitary-bacteriological assessment of the quality of tap water must ensure its epidemic safety. In conditions of intensive bacterial contamination of water bodies, a special role is played by the barrier function of water treatment plants in relation to infectious agents. The overall quality of microorganisms is the pronounced resistance in the aquatic environment, primarily resistance to a number of chlorine-containing disinfectants, which guarantee the preservation of the population in drinking water undergone a water treatment system. Therefore, it is necessary to consider other possible ways of disinfection, such as ultraviolet irradiation. Determination of the effective dose of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection against bacterial, viral and parasitic contamination of drinking water. Material and methods. Tap water was used as model water for research. The effectiveness of UV irradiation with doses of 25, 40, 60 mJ / cm2 against microorganisms was studied. Results. In the course of the work, it was established that the UV disinfection technology with a dose of at least 25 mJ/cm2 can be recommended as a disinfection method when used in conjunction with chlorination. Conclusion. In water treatment technology, a dose of at least 25 mJ/cm2 of UV irradiation can be recommended as a method of disinfecting water in case of microbial contamination by bacteria and viruses at a concentration not exceeding nˑ102 cells/virions in 100 ml, and at a concentration of microbiological contamination nˑ103 cells/virions in 100 ml of water, the use of UV disinfection can be recommended only in conjunction with chlorination and with the provision of indices on the residual chlorine in the distribution network before serving to the consumer. The presented scheme will increase the barrier role of water treatment facilities with respect to viral and bacterial contamination, provide a prolonged decontamination effect, contributing to the suppression of bacterial growth in breeding nets and limit the level of parasitic water contamination during water treatment.
CONTENT OF MERCURY IN HAIR OF THE POPULATION OF THE GEOCHEMICAL PROVINCE
Authors: Rafikova Yu. S. , Semenova Irina N. , Khasanova R. F. , Suyundukov Ya. T. , Kutliahmetov A. N.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. A large number of gold and pyrite deposits are located on the territory of the Trans-Ural zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB). A characteristic concomitant component of ores of deposits of this kind is mercury. For the extraction of gold by amalgamation, metallic mercury was also used, which accumulated in the tailings and dumps of the runner gold recovery plants and came from them into the environment. Material and methods. To study the age and sex characteristics of the content of mercury in the hair of the inhabitants of the area. In the period from 2013 to 2018. an analytical transverse uncontrolled study was conducted, in which 279 clinically healthy residents of the Trans-Ural zone of the RB. A sampling of hair was carried out according to standard WHO methodology from the back of the head. Chemical-analytical studies of samples were carried out in the licensed laboratory of the Center for Biotic Medicine (Moscow) by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 6.0, with p <0.05, the differences were assessed as statistically significant. Results. The distribution of mercury in the hair of the examined individuals (102 men and 177 women) differed from the normal. The median (Me) content of mercury in the hair of the studied individuals was 0.072 µg / g for men and 0.122 µg / g for women, which does not exceed the indices for the Republic of Bashkortostan (0.58 and 0.47 µg / g for men and women, respectively). 1.4% of children, 2.3% of adolescents and 13.2% of adult residents had an increased risk of health. Conclusion. As a result of the study, elevated concentrations of mercury were found in the hair of a number of residents of the Trans-Ural zone of Bashkortostan, which requires greater control over the level of heavy metals in the air, soil, water, food and measures to reduce the risk to public health.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ANTI-ICING MATERIALS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGE WATER DISPOSAL CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
Authors: Voronina Lyudmila P. , Kesler K. E. , Balagur L. A. , Donerian L. G. , Ushakova O. V. , Karpenko Yu. D. , Vodyanova M. A.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The use of anti-icing materials (AIM) in winter, along with useful functions, is accompanied by negative consequences of their impact on environmental objects (EO) and indirectly on human health. At present, the toxic properties of many anti-icing agents (AIM) included in AIMs have been studied, and a number of positions of their impact on environmental protection are monitored. The main utilization of the snow mass is carried out through stationary snow-alloy points (SAP). This event is associated with a high load on environmental protection, especially on water bodies, and requires information on toxicity, intake dynamics, composition of pollutants, including those included in the AIM. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of AIM in the nature of water pollution in SAP treatment systems and the degree of possible contamination of open water bodies, in particular, rivers. Material and methods. The samples of the snow collected from the territory of the city of Moscow for further melting were delivered to the stationary snow-alloy points of the State Unitary Enterprise “Mosvodostok”; water samples from the tanks where the treatment takes place; and wastewater samples were taken before discharge into the river. Chemical analytical methods and a wide range of bio testing methods were used. Results. Through the snow-alloy points as part of the snow mass, the anti-icing materials fall into the reservoirs and rivers of the city of Moscow. This is accompanied by an increase in the number of related elements (Zn>1.0 mg/l, etc.) and easily soluble salts (the mineralization reaches 4830 mg /l). In the waters of rivers, electrical mineralization in some cases reaches the maximum permissible value (1000 mg/l) or slightly exceeds this value (1125 mg/l). An excess is established for a number of elements, both the main components of the AIM and the associated components (Zn, Fe, Al, etc.). Methods of biological control with the involvement of biotests in some cases confirm the presence of a negative effect.
THE ENVIRONMENTAL DANGER OF POLLUTION OF SOILS OF URBAN TERRITORIES OF THE MINING REGION
Authors: Khasanova Reseda F. , Suyundukov Ya. T. , Semenova I. N. , Rafikova Yu. S. , Seregina Yu. Yu.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The article presents the results of the study of the quality of soil cover in the cities located in the mountainous areas of the Trans-Urals in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The object of the study was the soil of lands for various purposes in cities of Uchaly, Sibay, and Baymak. In the study of soils of industrial zones, there were taken samples adjacent to the dumps and tailing dumps of mining production at a distance of up to 500 m. In the recreational zone there were included the territories of parks, in the residential zone - all micro-districts where the population of the city resides. There were investigated territories of collective gardens located near sources of pollution. Material and methods. The gross content of heavy metals and their mobile forms extracted from the soil of ammonium acetate buffer at pH 4.8 were determined by atomic absorption. Generally accepted ecological values of maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) and regional geochemical background (RGF) were used to estimate the degree of soil pollution. To assess the degree of soil pollution, the total ZC index was calculated using the formula proposed by Yu. E. Saet. Results. As a result of the study, in all studied samples of the soil excess of MPC on gross forms on the content of Cu, Zn, in some cases, Mn, Cd, Co was revealed. Calculations of the General norm of Zc showed urban soil lands of all types of purpose by gross content to belong to the category of permissible pollution. The level of soil contamination with heavy metals in all the studied cities is higher in soils for industrial purposes. Increased level of mobile forms of Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd was revealed in all studied soil samples. The soils of the residential zone of Baymak according to the content of mobile forms belong to the moderately dangerous category of pollution, the rest of the studied soils had an acceptable category of pollution. In the cities of Sibay and Uchaly, the territories adjacent to the quarry dumps belong to a particularly dangerous category of pollution. Conclusion. The level of soil contamination with heavy metals in urban areas of the Mountainous region of the Republic of Bashkortostan is determined by the type of destination of urban land. The most polluted are the soils of industrial zones located in close proximity to mining enterprises. The ecological danger of pollution is that in this zone there is a part of residential neighborhoods with knots, as well as garden cooperatives, where potatoes, vegetables and fruit and berry crops are grown.
CURRENT ISSUES OF ANTI-EPIDEMIC AND ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF PASSENGER OBJECTS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Authors: Vilk M. F. , Sinitsyna O. O. , Sachkova Oksana S. , Konoval I. A.
Published: February 2020

Rail transport is recognized in the world as one of the most environmentally friendly modes of transport. It connects numerous regions and districts of the country, ensures the vital activity of all sectors of the economy, the implementation of social programs, economic and national security of the state, actively affects the development of interregional and international relations. However, rail passenger facilities are objects of mass concentration of people, and in this connection there is an “unfavorable” combination of the main epidemiological factors, such as an increased risk of simultaneous infection of a large number of people and the rapid spread of infectious diseases. To ensure comfortable and safe conditions for the passage of passengers and the work of road fitters, it is necessary to improve the system of anti-epidemic and environmental safety. The improvement of the system of anti-epidemic and environmental safety of passenger railway transport facilities was carried out in the following areas: the creation of advanced rolling stock with the availability of modern life support systems; the introduction of environmentally friendly toilet facilities, installations for cleaning and disinfecting air and water in rolling stock and at station complexes; development of modern technologies for disinfection, disinsection and disinfestation; substantiation of the use of modern technology for the collection and disposal of solid household waste; the use of modern safe polymer-containing construction and finishing materials with complex characteristics of hygienic, fire-prevention and environmental safety; ensuring biological safety in the event of emergency situations in railway transport; development of occupational health and safety requirements for railway workers. Also, in order to reduce emissions of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere, work is underway to reduce the anthropogenic impact through the modernization of rolling stock and engineering structures. In particular, work is underway to transfer boilers to heating with ecological fuel, promising passenger rolling stock is produced and operated with a centralized power supply.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE MIGRATION OF ANTI-ICING MATERIALS INTO THE WATER
Authors: Ushakova Olga V. , Vodyanova M. A. , Donerian L. G. , Tribis L. I. , Sbitnev A. V.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The anti-icing materials (hereinafter - PGM), the use of which is necessary to ensure safety on the roads, enter into the soil during snow melting. In addition to the direct impact on human health, the use of PGM can affect it indirectly, worsening the state of environmental objects, including the state of the soil. According to the literature, the regular use of PGM along roads leads to the formation of man-made soil anomalies of high salt content, distributed along with the vertical and horizontal profiles. The high salt content causes an increase in the migration capacity of accompanying pollutants - heavy metals, translating them into mobile forms. The study of migration processes of toxicants is one of the hygienically significant tasks of regulation. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the total load of anti-icing materials on the soil. Material and methods. The effect of the solid PGM of the nitrate group, which consists of (NН2)2СO, Mg(NO3)2 and NH4NO3, was studied with varying degrees of stress on the upper root zone of sod-podzolic and urban soils to establish their absorptive capacity and salt migration to the underlying horizons in model experiment. Results. A significant amount of calcium cations (Ca2+) was established to be contained in aqueous filtrates as compared with the control. The process of calcium leaching occurs most intensively in the anthropogenically transformed urban soil, which is more susceptible to de-icing. Thus, it can be concluded the zonal (sod-podzolic) soil to have a greater accumulating capacity for the PGM components and low buffering activity in comparison with urban soil. Considering the specific features of soil processes under the influence of the PGM components, there is a danger of secondary pollution of groundwater. In this regard, the soil quality monitoring system should take into account an integrated approach, and preventive measures for the improvement of urban soil need to be planned, providing for the inevitability of the use of GMP in the winter to ensure road safety.
SCIENTIFIC BASES AND TECHNOLOGIES OF SECURITY HYGIENIC SAFETY OF CHILDREN IN THE «DIGITAL SCHOOL»
Authors: Kuchma Vladislav R. , Sukhareva L. M. , Stepanova M. I. , Chramtsov P. I. , Aleksandrova I. E. , Sokolova S. B.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Modern education of children is one of the most rapidly changing systems, actively using modern capabilities of information and communication technologies and e-learning tools. Information and communication technologies increase the load on the visual, auditory analyzers, the nervous system and contribute to the development of overwork in children. The use of digital media is becoming increasingly widespread, not only in school, before and in preschool education. To substantiate the concept and integrated system of the hygienic safety of electronic educational content and children’s life in conditions of hyper-informatization, physiological and hygienic studies are required. Materials and methods. In order to develop the scientific foundations and technologies for ensuring the hygienic safety of children in the “Digital School”, an expert-analytical study was carried out based on the results of representative hygienic observations and non-randomized controlled studies with Contribution of volunteers. Results. Studies of childhood hygiene allowed justifying the modern system of hygiene and health care of children and adolescents in a hyper-informational society, including criteria of the hygienic safety, including in the editorial, intended for children and adolescents; sanitary rules and norms of ensuring the hygienic safety of the new generation; federal recommendations of medical support of students in the conditions of using information and communication technologies; federal guidelines for students ’mental health and well-being; recommendations to the family in the field of ensuring the safety of children’s life in a digital environment; recommendations to producers and distributors of content in the field of ensuring the medical, psychological and pedagogical safety of children’s life, including the age marking of information products; gaming educational and educational programs on the rules for the safe use of children on the Internet; a system for monitoring the effectiveness of hygienic safety policies and protecting children from negative information in a hyper-information society. Conclusion. The developed system and technologies for ensuring the hygienic safety of the “Digital School” are significant for the medical and preventive basis of the health saving of students in the Decade of Childhood in Russia (2018-2027).
EFFECTS OF GENOME INSTABILITY IN LYMPHOCYTES AND BUCCAL EPITHELIOCYTES OF CHILDREN FROM THE CITY WITH BIG PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
Authors: Yurchenko V. V. , Ingel Faina I. , Urtseva N. A. , Krivtsova E. K. , Akhaltseva L. V.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Analysis of literature has shown genotoxicants (mutagens and carcinogens) to be present in the atmospheric emissions of pulp and paper industry (PPI). Moreover, among PPI workers from different countries, there was identified an additional risk of cancer, which suggests its high probability among residents of the cities where the PPI is located. The recognized index of genotoxic effects is an increased level of genome instability, which is determined, in particular, in the micronucleus test. The scope of the study - the comparative analysis of the effects of genomic instability in the two tissues - blood lymphocytes cultured with Cytochalasin B, and buccal epithelial cells in the second grade school children (8-9 years old, boys and girls), whose schools were located at different distances from the pulp and paper mill. Material and methods. The study was carried out in the city of Koryazhma, the Arkhangelsk Region (42000 citizens), where the pulp and paper plant as the city-forming industry was located. For the analysis, we subdivided the territories on which the schools were located, into 3 groups according to their distance from the pulp and paper mill. The effects of genomic instability were determined by cytome analysis in the micronucleus test. Results. Cytome analysis of cultivated lymphocytes demonstrated that levels of genome instability indices (including cell frequencies with micronuclei and nucleoplasm bridges, apoptosis, as well as changes in the spectrum of cell populations) to decrease along with the rising the distance between the pulp and paper mill and schools where the children go. In buccal epithelial cells, the manifestations of genomic instability effects were less systematic, which did not allow making a definitive conclusion. At the same time, in both tests, gender differences in the results of cytome analysis were revealed (for example, the alteration of frequency of lymphocytes with genetic damage dependence on the distance between schools and the PPI was more pronounced among boys). Conclusion. According to the results of this study and taking into consideration the data of literature, we hypothesized that the discovering of gender dimorphism in the effects of genome instability may indicate the presence of toxic and/or genotoxic compounds in an environment.
THE EFFECT OF VITAMINS A AND E ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS AFTER TWO WEEKS AND THEN THREE MONTHS FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
Authors: Belyaeva Natalia N. , Vostrikova M. V. , Demina N. N.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Currently, there is a number of works aimed at studying the effect of carbon nanotubes (UNT), including single-walled (oUNT), on the body and there are studies to find means to reduce their toxic effects, such as compounds with antioxidant properties. Material and methods. In fifteen groups of animals there were studied intragastric effects of two weeks with the count at doses of 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg and a single dose of 5mg/kg, as well as complex with vitamins A and E (AE) at a dose of 25.3 mg / kg on the small intestine of male Wistar rats, and in the same batch of animals three months later. Results. In a two-week experiment under the influence of oUNT in doses of 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg there was shown the dose dependence on indices of reducing the number of normal villi with an increase in the number of destructured ones, whereas three months later among the destructured villi were increased in number with apical necrosis. After a single exposure of oUNT at a dose of 5mg/kg three months later, there also was increased the number of villi with apical necrosis. Two-weeks exposure of AE reduced the number of normal villi, increasing the number of degraded forms, and three months later the number of villi with apical necrosis increased. Two-weeks complex exposure of AE and oUN at doses of 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg reduced the number of normal villi with an increasing number of destructured ones; three months later, as well as with other effects, the pathology developed, increasing the number of villi with apical necrosis. Conclusion. The toxic effect of oUNT and AE on the small intestine of rats with the separate and complex applications, increasing in the recovery period, was proved.
FEATURES OF THE MICRONUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF THE DIET IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS AFFECTING
Authors: Vilms Elena A. , Turchaninov D. V. , Pasechnik O. A. , Obukhova T. M. , Demchenko V. G. , Sokhoshko I. A. , Shirinsky V. A.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The status of polyhypovitaminosis accompanying tuberculosis infection being widespread develops both as a result of the disease and side effects of drugs, and because of insufficient food intake. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the micronutrient composition of the diet of tuberculosis patients in the acute stage and healthy people in a comparative aspect. Material and Methods. The method of analyzing the frequency of food consumption assessed the actual nutrition of tuberculosis patients in the acute stage (n = 300) and healthy residents of the region (n = 189). Data on the actual nutrition was collected using a standard questionnaire. In tuberculosis patients, nutrition was evaluated in the month preceding hospitalization. The consumption in the main product groups was calculated, the indices of the vitamin and mineral value of the diet were analyzed. Results. In most patients, the profile of actual consumption was assessed as deficient for several vitamins and trace elements simultaneously. All the examined showed a deficiency in the diet of vitamin D, 80.7 ± 2.3% - vitamin A, 82.0 ± 2.2% - beta-carotene, 90.3 ± 1.7% - folic acid, 63, 7 ± 2.8% of biotin, 45.7 ± 2.8% of ascorbic acid, 49.0 ± 2.8% of vitamin B1, 53.3 ± 2.8% of vitamin PP. Calcium, iodine and selenium are also among the priority ones for the correction of micro- and macro-elements. Differences in the values of actual micronutrient intake were found: in patients with tuberculosis, the levels of beta-carotene, vitamins B2, pantothenic acid, C, D, biotin, choline, calcium, phosphorus are lower; above - consumption of sodium, fluorine, manganese. Differences in micronutrient ration security are determined by unequal amounts of food groups consumed: the nutrition of tuberculosis patients is lower in terms of the content of fruits, dairy, meat products, eggs, and more bread products and drinks. Conclusion. The features of the micronutrient composition of the diet of tuberculosis patients, which determine the need for their correction in the organization of medical nutrition, are established.