bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: First-documented humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) photo-identification match and round-trip migration between Iceland and the Turks and Caicos Islands
Authors: Bacon Cathy E. , Hart Katharine A. , Cheeseman Ted , Munson Lee , Rasmussen Marianne H. , Chosson Valerie , Basran Charla J.
Published: September 2023

In the North Atlantic, some humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from the Icelandic feeding grounds are known to migrate to the breeding grounds in the West Indies. The Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) are historically considered part of the larger breeding range; however, very little humpback whale data has been reported for TCI and there have been no previously confirmed matches or round‐trip migrations to the Icelandic feeding grounds. Here, we present the first documented photo‐identification match and round‐trip migration of a humpback whale between Iceland and the TCI.
Biomarkers for Prediabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, and Associated Complications
Authors: Almheiri Ali , Alhammadi Amna , AlShehhi Fatima , Mohammad Asma , Alshamsi Rodha , Alzaman Khaled , Jabeen Saima , Haq Burhan
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder caused by high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production in pancreatic β-cells. Due to its fastest-growing public health concerns worldwide, it is important to evaluate metabolic profile abnormalities before pre-diabetes or T2DM to anticipate and prevent disease progression. The purpose of the study was to examine the metabolite biomarkers by systematic review and meta-analysis to support early detection of pre-diabetes and T2DM.

Methodology: Studies published from the earliest online through May 31, 2023, were searched in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus. Article titles, abstracts, and complete texts were reviewed after duplicate records were eliminated. Two writers (Long and Yang) created the following inclusion criteria for the publications before literature screening: The study was conducted on humans, did not involve gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), or subjects under 18 years old, included a diabetic or prediabetes group, and followed international diagnostic guidelines (American Diabetes Association, 2013).

Findings: The study aimed to review the biomarkers that have been utilized for diabetes in previous research. The comparison of the biomarkers mentioned in the provided information revealed a complex interplay of factors influencing the risk and management of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). These biomarkers encompass genetic, lifestyle, environmental, and insulin-related factors, each with varying degrees of accuracy and specificity in predicting T2D risk or guiding its management.

Recommendations: The research will help in spreading awareness among people regarding the identification of diabetes as understanding biomarker-based screening's economic impact can inform healthcare policies. Future studies should validate these biomarkers' diagnostic capacities across varied populations and circumstances. Assessment of these biomarkers' predictive usefulness should be done over time via longitudinal research. Understanding biomarker alterations and diabetes progression improves risk prediction.
IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR PADA APLIKASI DETEKSI RESIKO TINGGI PADA KEHAMILAN
Authors: Triana Triana , Utami Ema , Hartanto Anggit Dwi
Published: September 2023

Pengetahuan tentang deteksi resiko tinggi pada kehamilan di Desa Bolopret Klaten Dalam hal ini, penggunaan teknologi dan algoritma dapat menjadi solusi yang efektif untuk mendeteksi resiko tinggi pada kehamilan. Salah satu algoritma yang telah terbukti berhasil dalam klasifikasi dan prediksi adalah algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui impelemtasi algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor pada aplikasi deteksi resiko tinggi pada kehamilan di Desa Bolopleret Klaten. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu hamil di Puskesmas Desa Bolopleret Klaten, teknik pengambilan sampel yang di tuangkan dalam bentuk angka atau biasanya di sebut dengan SKOR sejumlah 3 responden, (1) Kehamilan resiko rendah (2) Kehamilan resiko tinggi (3) Kehamilan resiko sangat tinggi Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer. Analisa data univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Ibu hamil yang diambil 45 data sample yang akan dicari nilai nearest neighbor dengan data uji baru. Hasil pengujian terhadap keakurasian nilai K yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan menggunakan nilai K = 5 mendapatkan hasil tertinggi yaitu 93 %. Dalam mencarian nilai K tidak disarankan untuk menggunakan nilai K dengan angka genab, karena jika menggunakan angka genab ditakutkan akan didapatkan hasil yang double. Jadi tidak bisa menghitung hasil akhir dengan menggunakan mayoritas sederhana, atau membandingkan hasil prediksi terbaik berdasarkan pengurutan hasil terkecil jarak Euclidean. Ada hubungan antara karakteristik resiko kehamilan rendah dan tinggi pada ibu hamil dengan perilaku pencegahan sejak dini dari umur kehamilan resiko rendah.
Экономическое доминирование: базовые положения теории и подход к измерению
Authors: Блохин А.А.
Published: September 2023

В статье выявлена теоретическая проблема недооценки экономической наукой значимости доминирования в формировании экономического оборота и эволюции экономических систем. Превалирование подходов, опирающихся на представления об эквивалентном обмене, как основе экономики выводят описание экономической власти, доминирования и в целом институциональные исследования на вторичные роли в науке. В статье обоснован фундаментальный характер экономического доминирования, представленного в обмене наряду со стоимостью и собственностью. Это позволяет построить новый синтез институциональных и традиционных воспроизводственных подходов. В его основе лежит положение о том, что институциональные преимущества, проявляющиеся через доминирование одних участников оборота над другими, порождают возникновение институциональной ренты. Последняя должна рассматриваться как мера доминирования. Выделить институциональную ренту в экономическом обороте можно пока лишь по внешним проявлениям, например, при расслоении бизнеса по качественно разным уровням, определяемым как – альфа-, бета- и гамма-бизнес, и имеющим разный (институционально закрепленный) доступ к качественным ресурсам, включая господдержку, финансирование, технологии, профессиональные кадры и другие. Показано, что такое расслоение ведет к ренториентированным стратегиям и формированию институциональных ловушек для каждого уровня. Обосновывается, что институциональное равновесие в многоуровневой экономике может достигаться, если концентрируемая «верхними» уровнями иерархии институциональная рента инвестируется в прогресс отраслей и сфер деятельности. В противном случае равновесие постепенно утрачивается.
Pandemide Türkiye’nin Dijital Diplomasi ve Dijital Halkla İlişkiler Örnekleri: www.covid19turkey.com ve www.turkiyestopscovid.com
Authors: ÖKTEN Serkan
Published: September 2023

Öz

Bu çalışmada tüm dünyada yeni bir dönem yaşatan Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde neredeyse tüm ülkelerce kullanılan dijital diplomasi ve dijital halkla ilişkilerin Türkiye özelinde Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı tarafından bu konuya özgü hazırlanan iki internet sitesi örneği üzerinden değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. İnternet sitelerinin yapısal kurgusu, verilmek istenen mesajlar gibi unsurları anlamak için içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmış, elde edilen veriler stratejik iletişim teorisi çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucu pandemiyle mücadele ve turizmin canlandırılması hedefi kapsamında söz konusu internet sitelerinin hedefledikleri kitleye göre Türkçe, İngilizce ve Rusça olarak iç ve dış kamuoyuna yönelik mesajları iletmeleri amacıyla tasarlandıklarını göstermektedir. İçerikler incelendiğinde pandemi sürecinde Türkiye’nin kendisine yeten ve bunun ötesinde tüm dünya ülkelerine yardım eden güçlü bir ülke olduğu mesajı taşıdığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca, ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişimiyle turistik ve kültürel güzellikler de öne çıkarılmaktadır. Etkileşimin artırılması için www.turkiyestopscovid.com sosyal medya hesaplarının yoruma açılması, sitelerin daha fazla tanıtımının yapılması ve Türkiye’ye en çok turistin geldiği ülkeler düşünüldüğünde www.covid19turkey.com sitesinde Almanca ve Arapçaya da yer verilmesi önerilen konulardır.
Oesophageal and gastric corrosions – diagnostic and therapeutic approach
Authors: Urbánek Libor , Urbánková Pavla , Otrubová Marie , Šlapalová Klára , Penka Igor , Gál Břetislav , Kianička Bohuslav , Veverková Lenka
Published: September 2023

Summary Introduction: Ingestion of a corrosive substance is an infrequent but serious condition with a possible threat to life. Symptoms and diagnosis: Clinical symptoms of esophageal burns are non-specific and are determined by the degree and extent of injury Subjective symptoms do not lead to a diagnosis without information of corrosive substance ingestion. It is necessary to define the substance and find out information of its local and systemic toxicity. The next step should be an ENT examination to descibe local extent of corrosive injury in the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx and exclude severe injury and oedema of larynx and urgency of tracheostomy or intubation. A flexible endoscopy of the upper digestive tract is essential for further treatment. The aim of the endoscopic examination is to evaluate the extent of changes in the oesophagus and stomach. If GIT perforation is suspected, CT scan of the thorax and abdomen must precede the endoscopy. Treatment: In the presence of obstructive respiratory symptoms, laryngeal edema or severe burns of the airways is necessary to secure the airways as the first step. Wide-spread antibiotics should be used in the case of perforation of the oesophagus, in the third stage corrosions and in lung involvement. Corticoids are not indicated as a prevention of strictures, the only indication is to reduce oedema of the airways. Patient’s nutrition depends on degree and extent of the injury. Patients with I and II.A degree burns are nourished orally, a liquid diet for 48 hours is recommended. In patients with II.B and III. degree oral intake is excluded and nasoenteral tube is inserted for tube feeding. In case of GIT perforation, an acute surgical procedure is indicated. Stenosis of the oesophagus are frequent and severe long-term consequences of severe corrosions and long-term care and repeated interventions to restore of possibility of oral feeding could be indicated. Conclusion: Oesophageal and stomach burns are less frequent injuries. However, due to its severity, it can endanger patient’s life or its quality for long years. Multidisciplinary approach is essential in corrosive injuries management. Key words corrosion – endoscopy – corticoids – nutrition – stricture
The Letter to the Romans
Authors: Moo Douglas J.
Published: September 2023

For more than twenty years Douglas Moo's NICNT volume on Romans has been providing pastors, students, and scholars with profound insight into Paul's most famous letter. In this thorough revision of his commentary, Moo deals with issues that have come into prominence since the first edition (1996), incorporating the latest research and rewriting the text throughout for better comprehension. Exegetically astute and theologically minded, Moo interacts critically with the new perspective on Paul, highlights the emphasis in Romans on "practical divinity," and traces the theme of the gospel throughout the letter. His Letter to the Romans in this second edition will inform and enlighten a new generation of serious Bible readers.
The Gospel of John
Authors: Michaels J. Ramsey
Published: September 2023

In this detailed commentary J. Ramsey Michaels gives primary attention to the Gospel of John in its present form rather than to the sources or traditions behind it. Michaels examines both the Gospel's literary character and its theological significance for the Christian community in its own time and through the ages.
The Epistle to the Hebrews
Authors: Cockerill Gareth Lee
Published: September 2023

For many readers the Epistle to the Hebrews is among the most difficult books of the New Testament. Understanding its message calls for a great familiarity with its Old Testament background and a good knowledge of first-century biblical exegesis. This new, independent paperback edition of F. F. Bruce's long-standing hardcover volume on Hebrews in the New International Commentary on the New Testament (NICNT) series covers both of those fronts. When first published in 1964, Bruce's Hebrews received critical acclaim, and over the years it has become a classic work of evangelical biblical scholarship. Just before his death in 1990, Bruce completed a full revision of the text, incorporating twenty-five years of further study. Every reader of Hebrews -- whether student or scholar, minister or layperson -- will benefit from the careful exegesis and pastoral wisdom distilled in this volume.
The Acts of the Apostles
Authors: Peterson David G.
Published: September 2023

A new landmark in evangelical scholarship on the book of Acts.

Fifteen years in the making, this comprehensive commentary by David Peterson offers thorough exegesis and exposition of the Acts of the Apostles, drawing on recent scholarship in the fields of narrative criticism and theological analysis, incorporating insights into historical-social background, and investigating why Luke presents his material in the way he does.

In view of how long the book of Acts is — over a thousand verses — Peterson's commentary is admirably economical yet meaty. His judgments, according to Don Carson, are always "sane, evenhanded, and judicious." Even while unpacking exegetical details, Peterson constantly scans the horizon, keeping the larger picture in mind. With its solid exegesis, astute theological analysis, and practical contemporary application, Peterson's Acts of the Apostles is a commentary that preachers, teachers, and students everywhere will want and need.
The Second Letter to the Corinthians
Authors: Seifrid Mark A.
Published: September 2023

The question that Paul set before the ancient church in Corinth -- Do you not recognize that Jesus Christ is in and among you? (2 Cor 13:5) -- remains a critical question for the church today. This commentary by Mark Seifrid seeks to hear Paul’s message afresh and communicate it to our time.

Seifrid offers a unified reading of 2 Corinthians, which has often been regarded as a composite of excerpts and fragments. He argues that Paul’s message is directed at the “practical atheism” of the Corinthian church -- the hidden heresy that assumes God’s saving work in the world may be measured by outward standards of success and achievement.

Like all of the Pillar volumes, Seifrid’s commentary on 2 Corinthians offers careful grammatical analysis and exegesis with clear pastoral application.
Revelation
Authors: Thomas John Christopher , Macchia Frank D.
Published: September 2023

The book of Revelation is perhaps the most theologically complex and literarily sophisticated — and also the most sensual — document in the New Testament. In this commentary John Christopher Thomas’s literary and exegetical analysis makes the challenging text of Revelation more accessible and easier to understand. Frank Macchia follows up with sustained theological essays on the book’s most significant themes and issues, accenting especially the underappreciated place of the Holy Spirit in the theology of Revelation.
A Cinema in Isolation
Authors: Williams Bruce
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on Albanian cinema from the break with China up to and including 1984, the year prior to the death of Enver Hoxha. It will explore the political and cultural context of these years of isolation. This will be followed by an overview of the diverse themes of Albanian cinema during this period. Discussions will ensue on the children’s films of Xhanfise Keko as well as on two works focusing on Albania’s struggle against Fascist Italy that draw upon the theme of music. Special attention will be devoted to Piro Milkani and Kujtim Çashku’s Ballë për balle/Face to Face, one of the most complex and subtle films of the communist period, which looks back nostalgically on Albania’s years of friendship with Russia. It will conclude with a discussion of Çashku’s Dora e ngrohtë (1983), which focuses on a wayward youth brought back into society by the warmth of the communist system.
Programmed Life and Racialized Technesis
Authors: Nony Anaïs
Published: September 2023

In chapter 3, I revaluate the models of interpellation (Fanon, Althusser) from the point of view of Big Data ideology (Rouvroy) to consider the implementation of programmed life and “premature death” (Gilmore) in today’s digital society. The chapter engages debates in surveillance studies and questions the making of racialized bodies by telling the story of Thierry Kuntzel’s work of art Hiver, la mort de Robert Walser presented at the MoMA in 1991, which focuses on the themes of terror, death, eroticism, and sexuality. In this chapter, I engage the pre-emptive models of data extraction to question the racialized technology of societies of incarceration and control. Kuntzel’s piece usefully addresses the subjects of history that are written upon by technology and the wider consequences of technologically driven narratives of survival and resistance. I argue that race in relation to video technology is a problem of discerning the cause from the conditions of implementation of racist politics in societies.
Review of Successful Global Public-Private Partnerships: Extracting key Strategies for Effective U.S. Financial Collaborations
Authors: Oguejiofor Bisola Beatrice , Uzougbo Ngozi Samuel , Kolade Abosede Olusade , Raji Ahmed , Daraojimba Chibuike
Published: September 2023

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as vital mechanisms for driving economic and infrastructural growth, offering a collaborative model that leverages the strengths of both the public and private sectors. This paper delves into the intricacies of PPPs, focusing on their evolution, global trends, applications in the U.S. financial landscape, and future directions. The U.S. PPP landscape, characterized by its unique political, economic, and social context, is influenced by various factors including governance, performance management, and the evolving public sector needs. Drawing on international experiences, the paper highlights potential sectors in the U.S. ripe for PPPs, such as infrastructure development, urban infrastructures, and state investment banks, among others. The work underscores the significance of understanding and adapting successful global strategies to the U.S. context, emphasizing that insights from global PPP successes can inform and optimize domestic efforts. However, challenges specific to the U.S., such as political and regulatory barriers and public perception of PPPs, warrant careful consideration. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing strengthened legal frameworks, active citizen participation, and the adoption of best practices from successful global PPP models. The paper anticipates a dynamic evolution of PPPs, influenced by technological advancements, socio-political changes, and emerging economic needs by forecasting future trends based on current global shifts. Recommendations are provided to bolster U.S. involvement, leadership, and innovation in this domain to position the U.S. as a global leader in PPPs. The paper culminates in emphasizing the transformative potential of PPPs in driving U.S. economic and infrastructural growth, while highlighting the paramount importance of a globally informed and adaptive approach to ensure the long-term success and sustainability of PPP initiatives.
Effect of Cassia Fistula Bark Hexane Extract on Lipid Parameters in Male Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zahid Natasha , Ejaz Maryam , Khalid Naima , Ikram Naila , Anwar Faiza , Farooq Zainab
Published: September 2023

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of Cassia fistula bark on serum lipids in high fat diet and streptozotocin instigated diabetic albino rats. Method: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) carried out in Physiology department of Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore from August 2017 to April 2018. Ninety male albino rats were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=45). Firstly, rats in both groups were fed on high fat diet. Secondly streptozotocin was injected to induce type 2 diabetes. The diabetic control group was designated as group-1 and kept on normal saline only. The Diabetic experimental group was fed on Cassia fistula bark (0.45g/kg body weight once a day) respectively for 30 days. Subsequently, blood samples (4-5ml intracardiac) were collected from each group member on the 31st day to evaluate the biochemical parameters of serum lipids. Results: The hexane-based extracts of Cassia fistula lead to highly significant (p˂0.001) reduction in lipid profile of group-2. Conclusion: Cassia fistula bark can significantly lower serum lipid parameters.
Yield and protein content in seeds of varieties of Central Russian monoecious hemp at different seeding rates in the Middle Urals
Authors:   Udmurt State Agrarian University, Korepanova Elena , Galieva Gulmira , Goreeva Vera , Islamova Chulpan
Published: September 2023

The article presents the results of scientific research for 2020-2022 on the study of the content and harvesting of protein with the yield of cannabis varieties depending on the seeding rate in the soil and meteorological conditions of the Middle Urals. The soil of the experimental plots in the years of laying the experiments differed in the agrochemical characteristics of the arable layer: low and medium humus content, high and elevated – mobile phosphorus, elevated and very high – mobile potassium. The soil solution had a strongly acidic, medium acidic and close to neutral reaction. On sod-medium-podzolic medium loamy soil, the Vera variety stood out in terms of seed yield, providing seed productivity of 71 g/m2 in 2020, 193 g/m2 in 2021 and 128 g/m2 in 2022 with a crude protein content of 21.6%, 20.2%, 22.4%, respectively, by year. On average, over the years of research, the collection of raw protein with a yield of 291 and 303 kg/ha of the Nadezhda and Vera varieties had 1.2 million units/ha at the seeding rate, Surskaya hemp formed more raw protein in a yield of 273 kg/ha at a seeding rate of 0.8 million units/ha. The seeding rate of 0.4 million units/ha provided the highest 22.0–25.7% crude protein content in hemp seeds. Keywords: HEMP, VARIETY, SEEDING RATE, CRUDE PROTEIN, YIELD, SEEDS
How IT Course Improves Digital Competencies: An Experimental Study in Science Education
Authors: HEBEBCİ Mustafa Tevfik , CROMPTON Helen
Published: September 2023

The increasing importance of technology in society has led to a growing demand for individuals to possess digital competencies. In today's world, digital skills are becoming increasingly essential for both personal and professional development. Governments have recognized the importance of digital competencies and have included them as part of basic competencies in many countries. Pre-service teachers play a crucial role in shaping future generations, and it is vital that they possess strong digital competencies. This study focuses on the impact of an "Information Technologies in Science Education" course on the digital competency development of pre-service teachers. The study employed a one-group, pre-test post-test experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of the course on improving the digital literacy skills of pre-service teachers. The results of the study indicated a significant positive impact of the IT course structured for the science field on the digital competency development of pre-service teachers. The post-test mean scores indicated a high level of digital competency among the study group. The study also highlights the lack of experimental studies in this area, emphasizing the importance of further research in this field. The findings of this study have implications for both teacher education and the incorporation of digital technologies in science education. Based on the study results, it is recommended that teacher education programs provide opportunities for pre-service teachers to improve their digital competencies through courses and training programs. Additionally, it is essential to integrate digital technologies into science education to equip students with the necessary skills to thrive in a digital world.
Effects of Interest Rates Volatility on Money Demand in Sierra Leone: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Bounds Testing Model
Authors:   JIT Capital’s Institute of Research and Policy Management, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Daboh Foday , Jackson Emerson Abraham ,   Economic Modelling and Forecasting Division, Bank of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Doctoral Researcher in the Centre of West African Studies, University of Birmingham
Published: September 2023

This study explores the relationship between deposit and lending interest rates and money demand in Sierra Leone from 1980 to 2020. The research aims to shed light on interest rate volatility and its impact on the country's economic growth. The Autoregres
The Effects of Oil Price Volatility on Stock Market Development in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, 101245, Lagos, Nigeria, Oke Babatunde Olufemi , Alli Ibrahim Olawale ,   Department of Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, 101245, Lagos, Nigeria, Agbesuyi Olusegun Kayode ,   Department of Finance, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, 101245, Lagos, Nigeria
Published: September 2023

This study examines the effects of oil price volatility on stock market development in Nigeria from the period 1993 to 2019. Average annual oil price is used as a proxy to measure oil price in this study while Proxies for stock market development are stoc
Testing the Validity of Unemployment Hysteresis in Turkic Republics by Panel Unit Root Test Analysis
Authors:   Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Biga Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Economics, Turkey, Torun Mustafa , Arica Feyza ,   Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Biga Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Economics, Turkey, Azazi Hasan ,   Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Biga Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Economics, Turkey
Published: September 2023

Unemployment has increased sharply in many countries and has become more persistent. Thus, unemployment is widely accepted as a major indicator for the performance of a country's labor market. As a closely watched economic indicator, the unemployment rate
Effects of Yuan to Naira and Dollar to Naira Exchange Rates on Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Economics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun, Nigeria, Oseni Isiaq Olasunkanmi , Atoyebi Olayinka Esther ,   Department of Economics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun, Nigeria, Adefabi Rasak Adetunji ,   Department of Economics, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo, Nigeria, Akpa Emeka Okoro ,   Babcock University Centre for Open Distance and e-Learning (BUCODeL), Ogun, Nigeria
Published: September 2023

This study aims to explore the effect of the Yuan-Naira and Dollar-Naira exchange rates on economic growth in Nigeria. The study covers the period 2010Q1–2021Q4 quarterly data. Using the Vector Autoregressive method, the study finds the following: (1) inn
Pengaruh Pengembangan Karir Reward dan Punishment Shift Kerja Komunikasi Terapeutik terhadap Motivasi Kerja Tenaga Kesehatan
Authors: Razak Darsil , Tosepu Ramadhan , Saptaputra Syawal Kamiluddin
Published: September 2023

Kondisi pasien yang berbeda-beda ini menuntut para tenaga kesehatan untuk melakukan observasi selama 24 jam, serta selalu menghadirkan dirinya dalam konteks terapeutik. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan rancangan cross sectional study untuk menentukan pengaruh antara pengembangan karir, reward, shift kerja, dan komunikasi terapeutik terhadap motivasi kerja tenaga kesehatan di RSU Faga Husada Baubau. Penelitian berlangsung dari bulan Mei 2023-Juni 2023 di RSU Faga Husada Baubau dengan melibatkan 99 responden. Analisis menggunakan uji Fisher Exact dengan 5 persen. Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan bahwa variabel perkembangan karir (p value  = 0,002 kurang dari 0,005), reward dan punishment dengan nilai (p value = 0,013 kurang dari 0,005), variabel shift kerja dengan nilai (p value = 0,008 kurang dari 0,005), dan Komunikasi terapeutik dengan nilai (p value = 0,016 kurang dari 0,005). Kesimpulannya adalah variabel independen yang terdiri dari perkembangan karir (X1), reward dan punishment (X2), shift kerja (X3), dan Komunikasi terapeutik (X4) masing-masing berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja (Y) sebagai variabel dependen.
The different conditions of these patients require health workers to observe for 24 hours, and always present themselves in a therapeutic context. This quantitative study used a cross-sectional study design to determine the effect of career development, rewards, shift work, and therapeutic communication on the work motivation of health workers at RSU Faga Husada Baubau. The research took place from May 2023-June 2023 at the Faga Husada Baubau Hospital involving 99 respondents. Analysis used the Fisher Exact test with α 5 percent. The results of the bivariate analysis found that career development variables (p value = 0.002 less than 0.005), reward and punishment with values (p value = 0.013 less than 0.005), work shift variables with values (p value = 0.008 less than 0.005), and therapeutic communication with values (p value = 0.016  less than 0.005). The conclusion is that the independent variables consisting of career development (X1), reward and punishment (X2), shift work (X3), and therapeutic communication (X4) each have an effect on work motivation (Y) as the dependent variable.
Karakteristik Sarana Sanitasi Dasar di Desa Balayon Kec Liang Kab Banggai Kepulauan
Authors: Fariza Isyana , E Efrila , Balebu Dwi Wahyu
Published: September 2023

Sanitasi yang buruk dapat menyebabkan penyakit. Salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh sanitasi lingkungan adalah diare. Diare merupakan penyakit endemis dengan kejadian luar biasa di Indonesia yang bisa menyerang seluruh kelompok usia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif yaitu suatu metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan tujuan utama membuat gambaran atau dekripsi tentang suatu keadaan secara objektif. Waktu penelitian mulai bulan juli – agustus 2022. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kepala keluarga di desa Balayon yaitu sebanyak 99 kepala keluarga. Sampel dari penelitian ini sebagai populasi dari kepala keluarga di desa Balayon yang ditetapkan dengan rumus sebagai rumus solvin. Dalam penelitian ini alat untuk pengumpulan data adalah kuisioner dan cara pengumpulan dengan data primer diperoleh dengan melakukan wawancara langsung dan melalui kuisioner yang berisikan daftar pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang telah disusun sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian yang akan disebarkan pada responden dan data sekunder diperoleh dari kantor Kepala Desa Balayon dan Polindes di Desa Balayon. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dari 82 rumah yang ada di Desa Balayon terdapat 65(86 persen) jamban yang memenuhi syarat, ada 21(25 persen) rumah yang memiliki SPAL, dan 61(74 persen) yang memiliki tempat sampah.
Poor sanitation can cause disease. One of the diseases caused by environmental sanitation is diarrhea, which is an endemic disease with widespread occurrence in Indonesia that can affect all age groups. This type of research is a descriptive research method, namely a research method conducted with the main objective of making an objective description or description of a situation. The time for the research was from July to August 2022. The population in this study were all heads of families in Balayon village, namely 99 heads of families. The sample of this study is the population of the heads of families in Balayon village which is determined by the formula as the solvin formula. In this study the tool for data collection was a questionnaire and the method of collecting primary data was obtained by conducting direct interviews and through a questionnaire containing a list of questions that had been prepared according to the research objectives to be distributed to respondents and secondary data obtained from the office of the Balayon Village Head and Polindes in Balayon Village. The results showed that of the 82 houses in Balayon Village, there were 65(86 percent) latrines that met the requirements, 21(25 percent) houses had SPAL, and 61(74 percent) had trash bins.
Modeling coupled nitrification–denitrification in soil with an organic hotspot
Authors: Zhang Jie , Kolstad Elisabeth Larsen , Zhang Wenxin , Vogeler Iris , Petersen Søren O.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural soils to the atmosphere is a significant contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The recycling of organic nitrogen (N) in manure and crop residues may result in spatiotemporal variability in N2O production and soil efflux which is difficult to capture by process-based models. We propose a multi-species, reactive transport model to provide detailed insight into the spatiotemporal variability in nitrogen (N) transformations around such N2O hotspots, which consists of kinetic reactions of soil respiration, nitrification, nitrifier denitrification, and denitrification represented by a system of coupled partial differential equations. The model was tested with results from an incubation experiment at two different soil moisture levels (−30 and −100 hPa) and was shown to reproduce the recorded N2O and dinitrogen
(N2) emissions and the dynamics of important carbon (C) and N components in soil reasonably well. The simulation indicated that the four different
microbial populations developed in closely connected but separate layers,
with denitrifying bacteria growing within the manure-dominated zone and
nitrifying bacteria in the well-aerated soil outside the manure zone and
with time also within the manure layer. The modeled N2O production
within the manure zone was greatly enhanced by the combined effect of oxygen
deficit, abundant carbon source, and supply of nitrogenous substrates. In the
wetter soil treatment with a water potential of −30 hPa, the diffusive flux of nitrate (NO3-) across the manure–soil interface was the main
source of NO3- for denitrification in the manure zone, while at a
soil water potential of −100 hPa, diffusion became less dominant and
overtaken by the co-occurrence of nitrification and denitrification in the
manure zone. Scenarios were analyzed where the diffusive transport of dissolved
organic carbon or different mineral N species was switched off, and they
showed that the simultaneous diffusion of NO3-, ammonium
(NH4+), and nitrite (NO2-) was crucial to simulate the
dynamics of N transformations and N2O emissions in the model. Without
considering solute diffusion in process-based N2O models, the rapid
turnover of C and N associated with organic hotspots can not be accounted
for, and it may result in the underestimation of N2O emissions from soil
after manure application. The model and its parameters allow for new
detailed insights into the interactions between transport and microbial
transformations associated with N2O emissions in heterogeneous soil
environments.
MQGeometry-1.0: a multi-layer quasi-geostrophic solver on non-rectangular geometries
Authors: Thiry Louis , Li Long , Roullet Guillaume , Mémin Etienne
Published: September 2023

Abstract. This paper presents MQGeometry, a multi-layer quasi-geostrophic (QG) equations solver for non-rectangul ar geometries. We advect the potential voriticity (PV) with finite volumes to ensure global PV conservation thanks to a staggered discretization of the PV and stream-function (SF). Thanks to this staggering, the PV is defined inside the domain, removing the need for defining the PV on the domain's boundary. We compute PV fluxes with upwind-biased interpolations whose implicit dissipation replaces the usual explicit (hyper-)viscous dissipation. The presented discretization does not require the tuning of any additional parameter, e.g. additional eddy viscosity. We solve the QG elliptic equation with a fast discrete sine transform spectral solver on rectangular geometry. We extend this fast solver to non-rectangular geometries using the capacitance matrix method. We validate our solver on a vortex-shear instability test case in a circular domain, a vortex-wall interaction test-case, and on an idealized wind-driven double-gyre configuration in a octogonal domain at a eddy-permitting resolution. We release a concise, efficient, and auto-differentiable PyTorch implementation of our method to facilitate future developments upon this new discretization, e.g. machine learning parameterization or data-assimilation techniques.
New age constraints supporting the existence of protracted deformation in the Delamerian Orogen: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on fabric forming minerals of the Kanmantoo Group metasediments
Authors: Goswami Naina
Published: September 2023

Abstract. The final assembly of Gondwanaland following Rodinia breakup during the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian period was marked by tectonic mode switch leading to the transformation of a passive margin in the east to an active subduction margin. This period was marked by subduction of the Pacific plate leading to the initiation of the Delamerian Orogeny in South Australia at c. 515 Ma, culminating at c. 490 Ma. Most studies have attempted to constrain the timing of deformation through dating of magmatic intrusions as proxies for deformation, however, relatively few studies strived to date minerals in fabrics that developed during deformation. As opposed to existing age constraints on the timing of cessation of the Delamerian Orogeny at c. 490 Ma, the work presented here identifies new protracted periods of active regional tectonics in the eastern Mt. Lofty Ranges. This was first observed in the underlying Backstairs Passage Formation overlain by the Tapanappa Formation of the Cambrian Kanmantoo Group through ultra-high vacuum 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and 39Ar diffusion experiments conducted on mica separates. It is observed that younger ages up to c. 468 Ma are recorded in the stratigraphically older Backstairs Passage Formation, while the overlying Tapanappa Formation bears no 40Ar/39Ar apparent ages younger than c. 486 Ma. In addition, age data reveals a period of fluid activity at c. 497–493 Ma resulting in micaceous intrusions locally and regionally. The methodology adopted here involves compilation of the age information with microstructural analyses where the age interval of c. 493–487 Ma is interpreted as post peak-metamorphism garnet growth event. This period is likely associated with retrograde metamorphism and is co-eval with Cu-mineralization in the region at c. 492–485 Ma. A second generation of retrogressed biotite growth at the expense of garnet has been identified. Importantly, there are differences in metamorphic grade and timing of deformation between the stratigraphically older the Backstairs Passage Formation and the younger Tapanappa Formation. This can be explained through macroscopic and/or microscopic processes. Two interpretations are proposed here- first involving the lower activation energy of the Backstairs Passage Formation as a measure of argon retentivity, and therefore younger ages, and the second considering proximity of the two formations to the metamorphic core of the belt at Reedy Creek and the effect of dissipated heat affecting record of argon ages in each unit. These newly identified young ages indicate the protracted nature of the Delamerian Orogeny than previously documented.
Review article: Melt-Affected Ice Cores for (Sub-)Polar Research in a Warming World
Authors: Moser Dorothea Elisabeth , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Nehrbass-Ahles Christoph , Eichler Anja , Wolff Eric
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Melting polar and alpine ice sheets in response to global warming pose ecological and societal risks but will also hamper our ability to reconstruct past climate and atmospheric composition across the globe. Since coastal low-elevation ice caps are crucial environmental archives but changing rapidly, the (sub-)polar research community is increasingly faced with melt-affected ice cores common in alpine settings. Here, we review the characteristics and effects of near-surface melting on ice-core records focussing on a (sub-)polar readership and make recommendations for melt-prone study regions. This review covers (1) melt layer formation; (2) identification and quantification of melt; (3) structural characteristics of melt features; effects of melting on (4) records of chemical impurities, i.e. major ions, trace elements, black carbon, and organic species, (5) stable water isotopic signatures, and (6) gas record; (7) applications of melt layers as environmental proxies. Melting occurs during positive surface energy balance events, which are shaped by global to local meteorological forcing, regional orography, glacier surface conditions and subsurface characteristics. Meltwater flow ranges from homogeneous wetting to spatially heterogeneous preferential flow paths and is determined by temperature, thermal conductivity and stratigraphy of the snowpack. Melt layers and lenses are the most common consequent features in ice cores and are usually recorded manually or using line-scanning. Chemical ice-core proxy records of water-soluble species are generally less preserved than insoluble particles such as black carbon or mineral dust due to their strong elution behaviour during percolation. However, a high solubility in ice as observed for ions like F−, Cl−, NH4+, or ultra-trace elements can counteract the high mobility of these species due to a burial in the ice interior. Stable water isotope records like δ18O are often preserved but appear smoothed if significant amounts of meltwater were involved. Melt-affected ice cores are further faced with questions about the permeability of the firn column for gas movement, and gas concentrations can be increased through dissolution and in-situ production. Noble gas ratios can be useful tools to identify melt-affected profile sections in deep ice. Despite challenges for ice-core climate reconstruction based on chemical records, melt layers are a proxy of warm temperatures above freezing, which is most sensitive in the dry snow and percolation zone. Bringing together insights from snow physics, firn hydrology and ice-core proxy research, we aim to foster a more comprehensive understanding of ice cores as climate and environmental archives, provide a reference on how to approach melt-affected records, and raise awareness of the limitations and potential of melt layers in ice cores.
Assimilation of Carbonyl Sulfide (COS) fluxes within the adjoint-based data assimilation system–Nanjing University Carbon Assimilation System (NUCAS v1.0)
Authors: Zhu Huajie , Wu Mousong , Jiang Fei , Vossbeck Michael , Kaminski Thomas , Xing Xiuli , Wang Jun , Ju Weimin , Chen Jing M.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Modeling and predicting changes in the function and structure of the terrestrial biosphere and its feedbacks to climate change strongly depends on our ability to accurately represent interactions of the carbon and water cycles, and energy exchange. However, carbon fluxes, hydrological status and energy exchange simulated by process-based terrestrial ecosystem models are subject to significant uncertainties, largely due to the poorly calibrated parameters related to various processes. In this work, an adjoint-based data assimilation system (Nanjing University Carbon Assimilation System, NUCAS) was developed, which is capable of assimilating multiple observations to optimize process parameters of a satellite data driven ecosystem model–BEPS (Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator). Data assimilation experiments were conducted to demonstrate the robustness and to investigate the feasibility and applicability of NUCAS on seven sites by assimilating the carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes, which were tightly related to the stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Results showed that NUCAS is able to achieve a consistent fit to COS observations across various ecosystems. Comparing prior simulations with validation datasets, we found that the assimilation of COS can significantly improve the model performance in gross primary productivity, sensible heat, latent heat and even soil moisture. We also showed that the NUCAS is capable of constraining parameters from multiple sites simultaneously and achieving a good consistency to the single-site assimilation. Our results demonstrate that COS can provide strong constraints on parameters relevant to water, energy and carbon processes with the data assimilation system, and open new perspectives for better understanding of the ecosystem carbon, water and energy exchanges.
An Enhanced SPEI Drought Monitoring Method Integrating Land Surface Characteristics
Authors: Peng Liqing , Sheffield Justin , Wei Zhongwang , Ek Michael , Wood Eric F.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric evaporative demand is a key metric for monitoring agricultural drought. The existing ways of estimating evaporative demand in drought indices do not faithfully represent the constraints of land surface characteristics and become less accurate over non-uniform land surfaces. This study proposes incorporating surface vegetation characteristics, such as vegetation dynamics data, aerodynamic and physiological parameters, into existing potential evapotranspiration (PET) methods. This approach is implemented over the Continental United States (CONUS) for the period of 1981–2017 and is tested in a recently developed drought index the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). We show that activating realistic maximum surface and aerodynamic conductance could improve prediction of soil moisture dynamics and drought impacts by 29 % on average compared to the widely used simple methods, especially effective in the forests and humid regions. Surface characteristics that have a strong influence on the performance of the SPEI are mainly driven by leaf area index (LAI). Our approach only requires the minimum amount of ancillary data, while permitting both historical reconstruction and real-time forecast of drought. This offers a physically meaningful, yet easy-to-implement way to account for the vegetation control in drought indices.
A modern pollen dataset from lake surface sediments on the central-western Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ma Qingfeng , Zhu Liping , Ju Jianting , Wang Junbo , Wang Yong , Huang Lei , Haberzettl Torsten
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Modern pollen datasets are essential for pollen-based quantitative paleoclimate (e.g. precipitation) reconstructions, which can aid to better understand recent climate change and its underlying forcing mechanisms. A modern pollen dataset based on surface sediments from 90 lakes in the shrub, meadow, steppe and desert regions of the central and western Tibetan Plateau (TP) was established to fill geographical gaps left by previous datasets. Ordination analyses of pollen data and climatic parameters revealed that annual precipitation is the dominant factor for modern pollen distribution on the central and western TP. A regional transfer function for annual precipitation was developed with the weighted averaging partial least squares (WAPLS), which suggests a good inference power of the modern pollen dataset for annual precipitation. A case study in which the transfer function was effectively applied to a fossil pollen record from Lake Tangra Yumco on the central TP for paleoprecipitation reconstruction demonstrated the significance of the modern pollen dataset in less data region for paleoclimate change studies. Data from this study are openly available via the Zenodo portal (Ma et al., 2023; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8008474).