bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
20-Degree Elevation to Reduce Swelling and Pain After Lower Extremity Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Surgery
Authors: Purwanty Eni , Maria Riri , Masfuri Masfuri
Published: December 2021

Surgery for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) causes tissue swelling and pain in the surgical area. Swelling and pain can be reduced by performing distal elevation in the area of surgical ORIF. This study aimed to determine the effect of a 20° elevation on swelling and pain level of patients after surgery for ORIF of the lower extremities. A quasi-experimental design with one intervention group (pretest and posttest) and one control group was implemented. Thirty-four post-operative ORIF patients treated in one hospital in South Sumatera met the inclusion criteria and were divided into intervention and control groups. Swelling circumference was measured using tape meters, and pain level was assessed with a numeric rating scale. Dependent t-test, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation were applied for data analysis. Results showed that the average difference in swelling circumference and pain level between pre and post intervention was 1.93 ± 0.25 and 1.29 ± 0.35, respectively. Significant differences were found in the mean swelling circumference and pain level between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.000).  Therefore a 20° elevation of lower extremity on the second day after ORIF for two days can be an alternative for nursing intervention to reduce swelling and pain. AbstrakElevasi 20 Derajat untuk Menurunkan Pembengkakan dan Nyeri Pasca Bedah Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Ekstremitas Bawah. Pembedahan open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) menyebabkan pembengkakan jaringan dan nyeri pada area pembedahan. Pembengkakan dan nyeri dapat dikurangi dengan melakukan elevasi distal pada area bedah ORIF. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh elevasi 20° terhadap tingkat pembengkakan dan nyeri pada pasien pasca operasi ORIF ekstremitas bawah. Desain kuasi-eksperimental dengan satu kelompok intervensi (pretest dan posttest) dan satu kelompok kontrol diterapkan pada penelitian ini. Tiga puluh empat pasien ORIF pasca operasi yang dirawat di salah satu rumah sakit di Sumatera Selatan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dibagi menjadi kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Lingkar pembengkakan diukur menggunakan meteran pita, dan tingkat nyeri dinilai dengan skala numerik. Dependent t-test, independent t-test, dan korelasi Pearson digunakan untuk analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata perbedaan lingkar bengkak dan tingkat nyeri antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi masing-masing adalah 1,93 ± 0,25 dan 1,29 ± 0,35. Perbedaan bermakna ditemukan pada rerata lingkar pembengkakan dan tingkat nyeri antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol (p = 0,000). Oleh karena itu, elevasi 20° ekstremitas bawah pada hari kedua setelah ORIF selama dua hari dapat menjadi alternatif intervensi keperawatan untuk mengurangi pembengkakan dan nyeri.Kata Kunci: bengkak, ekstremitas bawah, elevasi, nyeri, open reduction and internal fixation
Multiscale evaluation of a thin-bed reservoir
Authors: Lis-Śledziona Anita
Published: December 2021

A thin-bed laminated shaly-sand reservoir of the Miocene formation was evaluated using two methods: high resolution microresistivity data from the XRMI tool and conventional well logs. Based on high resolution data, the Earth model of the reservoir was defined in a way that allowed the analyzed interval to be subdivided into thin layers of sandstones, mudstones, and claystones. Theoretical logs of gamma ray, bulk density, horizontal and vertical resistivity were calculated based on the forward modeling method to describe the petrophysical properties of individual beds and calculate the clay volume, porosity, and water saturation. The relationships amongst the contents of minerals were established based on the XRD data from the neighboring wells; hence, the high-resolution lithological model was evaluated. Predicted curves and estimated volumes of minerals were used as an input in multimineral solver and based on the assumed petrophysical model the input data were recalculated, reconstructed and compared with the predicted curves. The volumes of minerals and input curves were adjusted during several runs to minimalize the error between predicted and recalculated variables. Another approach was based on electrofacies modeling using unsupervised self-organizing maps. As an input, conventional well logs were used. Then, the evaluated facies model was used during forward modeling of the effective porosity, horizontal resistivity and water saturation. The obtained results were compared and, finally, the effective thickness of the reservoir was established based on the results from the two methods.
Secretarial work in pandemic times: new skills or old tasks?
Authors: Bette Tabata Rhomanel , Zuin Débora Carneiro , Baêta Odemir Vieira , Moreira Nathalia Carvalho
Published: December 2021

This paper aimed at raising the perception of secretaries about interferences or redimensions in the usage of their skills, due to the remote work modality, imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic. A qualitative research was carried out through semi-structured interviews with eight executive secretaries working in the private sector. Among the main results obtained, it was found  that most of the interviewees noticed changes in the usage of their skills, due to the varied changes in their work scopes, as well as the new environment, providing them more  autonomy and freedom. In the post-pandemic context, most respondents confirmed that the companies they work for, will not return to work in the same way and perspective as it was before.
Sound and Camera Recordings of a female Superb Lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae) and its chick at the nest
Authors: Guppy Michael , Guppy Sarah , Fullagar Peter
Published: December 2021

The nest of a Superb Lyrebird, in a spotted gum forest on the south-east coast of Australia, was monitored for approximately 10 weeks. The nest was discovered before the egg was laid, on June 16, 2020. The egg was laid on July 7, and the chick was taken by a Lace Monitor (Varanus varius) on August 29. A camera placed at the nest when discovered was active for the entire monitoring period. Thirteen sound recordings (in 6h periods) were made at the nest between July 16 and August 28 inclusive. The literature on vocalisations by the female lyrebird is scant, and in the light of our data, unrepresentative of her repertoire, especially during her role as parental carer. We present a series of photographs, sonograms and accessible sound recordings. These show specific behaviours of the female as she enters and leaves the nest, and the vocalisations specifically used when the female is approaching or leaving the nest, and when she is interacting with the egg, the chick and an intruder.
Relationship between the Adherence to National Competency-Based Standards and the Professional Profile of School Heads in Northern Samar, Philippines
Authors: M. Ultra Xavier
Published: December 2021

A descriptive study sought to determine the school heads’ adherence to the national competency-based standards and its relationship to the professional profile of the school heads in the Division of Northern Samar was done. This study used the descriptive-correlational research design which the questionnaire was patterned from studies on leadership and National Competency-Based Standards for School Heads (NCBS-SH) TDNA tool. Elementary schools were proportionally sampled by district/municipality while secondary schools were proportionally sampled by legislative districts of the province of Northern Samar. The respondents answered a survey questionnaire developed from the standards of Department of Education. This study found out that most of the school heads have earned master’s degree, are principal’s test passers, had more than 10 years of administrative and supervisory experience and had limited number of exposures to trainings. All the indicators of leadership skills were very highly observed. On the test of relationship between the professional profile of the school heads and their adherence to National Competency-Based Standards, administrative and supervisory experience and NCBS-SH domains on school leadership, instructional leadership, HR management and professional development were found to be significantly correlated. Also, administrative, and supervisory trainings attended and NCBS-SH domains on school leadership, instructional leadership, HR management and professional development were found to be significantly correlated. Respondents’ leadership skills and NCBS-SH domains, leadership skills have significant correlation to all the NCBS-SH domains. From the test of relationship between the professional profile of the school heads and the school performance, only eligibility and administrative and supervisory experience are significantly correlated to SBM level of practice. The test of relationships between school heads’ adherence to national competency-based standards and school performance, the school leadership is significantly correlated to SBM level of practice.
Temporal Evolution of Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Kola Nuts (Cola nitida Vent Nuts. Schott & Endl.) Processing in Eastern of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Viviane Deigna-Mockey , Bleouh Nyamien Yves , Adama Coulibaly , Henri Biego Godi
Published: December 2021

Aims: The objective of this study is to monitor the evolution of organochlorine residues levels in kola nuts collected from various actors in the eastern producing region of  Côte d'Ivoire.

Study Design: Kola nuts samples were collected from farmers, collectors and urban stores in the Eastern of Côte d’Ivoire.

Place and Duration of Study: Health Department of Hydrology Health and Toxicology, Training and Research Unit of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, running 2016-2019.

Methodology: A total of 225 samples were analyzed using Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (Agilent 7010B Triple Quadrupole GC/MS System).

Results: Data showed that all 21 pesticides analyzed were detected in kola nuts samples. Statistical analysis indicated no significant difference in OCPs sub-group used by actors during the three-crop studied. The mean levels of HCHs, DDTs and cyclodienes were ranged from 5±1– 136.67±77.3 µg/kg FW, 5±1 – 116.67±63.2 µg/kg FW and 5±1 - 145±63.2 µg/kg FW, respectively. Otherwise, farmer’s levels of OCPs were lower than those detected in kola nuts from collectors and urban stores samples. Thus, compared to the MRL set by the World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization, the farmer’s samples are lower than limits fixed, unlike the contents registered with collectors and urban stores. In the latter, nearly 80% to 100% of kola nuts collected are contaminated with hexachlorinated residues (HCHs) and heptachlor.

Conclusion: There is the need to keep monitoring ecotoxicological chemical substances in kola nuts produced in Côte d’Ivoire and take steps that ensure health safety of end users. Care should be taken since residues could pose chronic health risk for adults and children.
Structure-property Relationship of Flavonoids as Potential Green Inhibitors for Oilfield Scales: A Mini-review
Authors: Una Dominica , Appah Dulu , Amieibibama Joseph , Eke William Iheanyi , Akaranta Onyewuchi
Published: December 2021

Scale deposits are a significant flow assurance issue in oil and gas operation with huge financial consequences. Not only does scaling drastically impair well performance, but it also has the potential to permanently destroy formation and equipment. Scale inhibitors are commonly used to prevent the accumulation of scales. A good scale inhibitor should be stable at the minimum effective inhibitor concentration under imposed operating conditions without interfering with or being affected by other chemical additives. However, most conventional scale inhibitors that possess these attributes, do not meet environmental restrictions which make them unfavorable for continuous application, prompting the industry to focus more on developing eco-friendly substitutes. This paper reviews the various types of scale inhibitors and general scale inhibition mechanism, summarizes scale concepts and ultimately, assesses the potential of flavonoids from natural plants as potential green scale inhibitors.
Access to Public Healthcare Services in Urban Areas in Nigeria: The Influence of Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Urban Population
Authors: Abdullahi Abubakar , Gunawardena Nalika
Published: December 2021

Background: Ensuring access to healthcare facilities is a high priority need in developing countries. This research aimed to determine the influence of socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the urban population in Nigeria to access to public healthcare facilities.

Methods: We conducted a community-based study in 400 households across the three urban areas of Gombe state, Nigeria. Access to healthcare facilities was quantified in a composite index which considers availability, accessibility and affordability. The head of families was interviewed for information related to access and for the socio-demographic and economic status of the residences. The influence of socio-demographic and economic characteristics was determined using a chi-square test with a significance level of <0.05.

Results: Most of the population interviewed within the selected urban areas had good access (84%) to public healthcare facilities. Socio-demographic and economic characteristics of household representatives such as age (p = 0.02), religious status (p = 0.00), level of education (p =0 .00), employment (p = 0.00) and possession of healthcare insurance (p = 0.00) were found to significantly influence access to healthcare facilities in urban areas.

Conclusion:  Access to public healthcare facilities within the urban areas was good and the study revealed some modifiable socio-demographic and economic factors that influence access. We recommend the intervention to address the factors to further improve access to public healthcare facilities and to achieve universal healthcare coverage.
Application of Modified Lowa Model Evidence Based Practice on Trauma Care Nurses Regarding Head Injury
Authors: Fating Lina , Singh Seema , Ankar Ruchira
Published: December 2021

Background: Head injuries are a regular occurrence in emergency departments around the world, with more than 2 million annual visits in North American EDs and more than 400 000 in the United Kingdom alone. Despite the fact that the mechanism of injury is consistent,, Head injuries are a regular occurrence in emergency departments around the world, with over 2 million visits in North American EDs and over 400 000 in the European Union alone. Regardless of how consistent the injury mechanism is.

Objectives: Holds data what nurses already know about the modified LOWA model. 2. Develop and test a protocol using a IOWA model that was adjusted. 3. Assess the updated LOWA model's effectiveness 4.To connect the knowledge score to demographic data.

Research Approach: Interventional approach Research design: - One group pre test and post test. Setting of the study: - The study will be conducted in AVBRH Hospital. Sample: - Staff Nurse Sample Size is 50Sampling Technique is Purposive sampling. Setting of the study is The study will be conducted in AVBRH Sample: - Staff Nurse Sampling Technique: - convenient sampling  Data Collection: - Field data Will be collected by the use of standardised questionnaires with three key sections: Section A (Standard standards), Section B (Socio-demographics and work history of staff) used the modified LOWA model and check list).

Expected Results: Oriented it toward the application of the LOWA model. Those characteristics are what evidence-based practise on trauma care nurses concerning head injury entails, but they may be able to address the issues that Traumatic Brain Injury Nursing faces. Adopting this paradigm into traumatic brain injury nursing units is worth a shot.With the assistance of a specific case, this article will discuss the clinical application of the Lowa Model in traumatic brain injury nursing care.

Conclusion: In the light of the study findings, this study shows that, the implementation of LOWA Model evidence based practice has a positive effect on nurse’s knowledge and practices regarding trauma care nurses regarding head injury. There was a significant improvement in the nurses ‘knowledge and practice regarding LOWA Model evidence-based practice implementation compared with that before it. There was positive significant correlation between nurses’ knowledge and their practice before and after program. Nurses’ knowledge and practice about LOWA Model improved after application of this program.
Technical Quality of Endodontic Treatment Performed by Underperforming Undergraduate Dental Students
Authors: Saleh Abeer A. Mokeem , Edrees Hadeel Y.
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the technical quality of root canal treatment performed by fifth-year underperforming students, in the extra sessions of the 2018–2019 academic year.

Methods: Periapical radiographs of teeth endodontically treated by underperforming undergraduate students at King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, were collected. The quality of obturation was evaluated radiographically in relation to the length of obturation to root apex, homogeneity and density of obturation, root canal tapering, and incidence of mishaps (such as perforation, ledge, missed canal, separated instruments). The data were subjected to descriptive analysis.

Results: The periapical radiographs of 70 treated teeth showed acceptable length, filling density and root canal taper in 96 (80%),50 (41.7%) and 66 (55%) root canals, respectively. Only four teeth were subjected to mishaps.

Conclusion: Under the circumstances of this study, the quality of endodontic treatment performed by underperforming students at the extra session was low. More studies are needed to address the student underperformance source and hence amend the quality of root canal filling.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Serum Hydrogen Sulfide on the Course of the Inflammatory Process in the Vaginal Wall
Authors: Grebeniuk Dmytro , Voloshchuk Natalia , Nazarchuk Oleksandr , Dzis Nataliia , Taran Illia , Slyvka Elina , Hryhorenko Andriy , Melnychenko Mykola , Gormash Pavlo , Hodovan Natalia
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Various pathological conditions are characterized by the influence of hydrogen sulfide level on the course of the pathological process. This study examines the effect of serum hydrogen sulfide levels on the inflammatory process in the vaginal wall of rats.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of excess and deficiency of serum hydrogen sulfide on the course of the inflammatory process in the vaginal wall of rats.

Methodology: The study was performed on 125 female Wistar rats under 1 year of age and weighing 160.0 to 200.0 grams. All animals were divided into 7 groups: control (intact rats) and 6 experimental groups with different H2S levels and different treatment approaches of inflammation in the vaginal wall. The level of serum hydrogen sulfide was studied and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the tissue homogenate of the vaginal wall were determined. In all experimental groups, the study was performed in dynamics - 10 min, 4, 8 and 24h after simulation of inflammation.

Results: The dynamics of local levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in all groups had a similar trend and was characterized by the rapid development of the inflammatory process from its simulation to 4 hours of study, followed by gradual attenuation of inflammation and almost complete normalization of the studied indicators for 24 hours. Preliminary serial introduction of sodium hydrosulfide, as a donor of hydrogen sulfide, allowed to reduce the degree of manifestation of the inflammatory process and to achieve faster normalization of the studied parameters. At the same time, the artificially created deficiency of serum hydrogen sulfide (previous serial administration of propargylglycine) prolonged the duration and increased the studied indicators of inflammation in the vaginal wall.

Conclusions: The course and intensity of the inflammatory process in the vaginal wall of rats are directly dependent on the background level of serum hydrogen sulfide.
Assessment of Cytokine (α-TNF) with Erythropoietin and their Correlation in Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Anaemia
Authors: Yadav Priti , Divvi V. S. S Ramavataram , Shah Tejas
Published: December 2021

Globally tuberculosis is the 9th leading cause of death worldwide. As pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic disease, anaemia of inflammation due to bacterial burden play a vital role in pathophysiology of anaemia. Inflammation interferes with erythropoietin (EPO) function.

Methods: The present study was an analytical type of case control study. The study included 100 newly diagnosed anaemic PTB cases and 50 newly diagnosed non anaemic PTB controls. The PTB was confirmed by microscopic examination of sputum specimen for the detection of Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB). Both cases and controls were subjected to hematological analysis by automated cell counter and serum α-TNF and EPO by ELISA method.

Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in levels of both α-TNF and EPO in anemic and non-anemic PTB groups (p<0.001). α-TNF (214.56±82.30) levels were found to be significantly higher in anaemic PTB group while EPO level (58.44 ±14.97) were found to be significantly higher in non anaemic PTB group. Significant inverse correlation (r1=cases, r2=controls) was observed between α-TNF and EPO (r=-0.257, p<0.05) and α-TNF and Hb (r=-0.202, p<0.05) in both the groups.

Conclusion: Increased α-TNF with decreased EPO and hemoglobin infers that inflammation interferes with normal functioning of EPO and probably contributes in induction of anemia in tuberculosis patients.
Correlate the Level of Internet Dependence and Associated Behavioral Problems among the Preschooler Children in the Selected Urban Area of Wardha District
Authors: Ikhar Raju , Meshram Khushbu , Tembhurne Tanuja , Dani Poonam , Dabhekar Pratiksha , Bhujade Prawartan
Published: December 2021

India is seeing an increase in internet usage, particularly among young and children, as a result of the low cost and easy availability to touch screen mobile phones, tablet devices, and Wi-Fi. Since the previous decade, Internet use in India has grown at an exponential rate, resulting in a generation of gloomy anxiety about it, which has progressed to the point of becoming a hazardous addiction. Behavioral problems are arising due to internet dependence such as temper tantrum, aggression, thought problems, attention problems and rule breaking behaviors in the children and youth people too.

Aim: To correlate the level of internet dependence and level of associated behavioral problems among the preschooler children.

Materials and Methods: Descriptive correlation research design was used to conduct this study. A non-probability Convenience sampling was used to select the samples.  This research study included 100 preschooler children from the Gajanan nagar (Arvi Naka) selected area of wardha district. Samples must select according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Young's Internet Addiction Test and behavioral scale was used to assess the level of internet dependence and also the level of associated behavioral problems of internet dependence.

Results: The level of internet dependence: 3% of the preschooler children were disagree that they had internet dependence 4% had not sure, 80% had agree and 13% of them had strongly agree. Minimum Internet dependence score was 28 and maximum internet dependence score was 64. Mean Internet dependence score was 54.70±6.84 and mean percentage of Internet dependence score was 72.93±9.12. and associated Behavioural problems are 2% of the preschooler children were disagree that they had behavioral problem, 3% had not sure, 77% had agree and 18% of them had strongly agree. Minimum associated behavioral problem score was 37 and maximum associated behavioral problem score was 87. Mean associated behavioral problem score was 75.26±8.07 and mean percentage of associated behavioral problem score was 75.26±8.7. The hypothesis is tested statistically with association between internet dependence and behavioral problem.

Conclusion: Parents and schools should educate their children on how to use the internet responsibly and how to balance time between online surfing, schoolwork, and outside physical activity. This study shows that there is a correlation-ship between the levels of internet dependency and associated behavioral issues in preschoolers. The situation is serious, and it will soon develop to an addicted state. Interventions such as setting limits and identifying early warning indications of underlying psychopathology are necessary.
Updated Treatment of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Abdulaziz G. , AlMutairi Mazyad Hamed M. , ALMutairi Abeer Fahad M. , Alharbi Wejdan Alhumaidi A. , Almadi Ebtesam Ali S. , Alwabisi Shoog Abdullah O. , Albalawi Nashwa Zead A. , Alanazi Hamdah Hnef S. , Althobaiti Alanoud Abdullah H. , Alkhathami Amirah Ali M. , Alamrani Amani Salem K. , Altemani Omniah Salem D. , Mohammedsaleh Maani Mahmoud A. , Aljuhani Arwa Mohammed Alrefai , Alrashidi Rinad Rasheed M
Published: December 2021

Fibromyalgia is a debilitating condition that is frequently misdiagnosed. It affects 2% of the population, with middle-aged women having the highest frequency. Fibromyalgia affects more women than men, and It becomes worse as you get older. Because medical treatment for fibromyalgia is typically only partial, health professionals must provide patients with ongoing assistance in order for them to become effective, active self-managers. There is no one-size-fits-all drug for fibromyalgia, but you do have a lot of options for treating your symptoms. However, Antidepressants in general such as “duloxetine” and Gabapentinoids drugs such as “pregabline” are the most used drugs. There is some evidence that NSAIDs may have a synergistic effect when combined with centrally active agents such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants. Among non-pharmacological therapy, exercise and psychoeducational techniques have the most evidence of efficacy, but they must be personalized to the individual. In this review we will be looking at diagnosis and treatment of fibromyalgia.
Formulation, Development and Characterization of Floating Microspheres of Selected Calcium Channel Blocker
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Shrivastava Sushant Kumar
Published: December 2021

The main aim of the present investigation is to study of formulation, development and characterization of floating mcrospheres of verapamil hydrochloride. Floating microspheres with a central hollow cavity were prepared by using a modified Quasi-emulsion diffusion technique. Weighed quantities of verapamil hydrochloride, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide and hydroxy propylmethyl cellulose (HPMC K15M) were dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and dichloromethane (1:1 solvent ratio) at room temperature in a magnetic stirrer at 50 rpm for 50 min. The samples were assayed for drug content using UV spectrophotometer at 228 nm after suitable dilution. No interference was found due to the other components of floating microspheres at 228 nm. The yield was determined by weighing the microspheres and then the percentage yield was calculated with respect to the weight of the input materials, i.e., weight of verapamil and polymers used. The polymers like ethyl cellulose, eudragit L 100, polyethylene oxide and HPMC were selected for hollow microspheres preparation. These formulations contained ethyl cellulose (2%) and Polyethylene oxide (1%), HPMC K15M (1%) & eudragit L100 (1%) respectively. The encapsulation efficiency ranged between 53 ± 2.2 to 89 ± 1.9%, and was observed that the encapsulation efficiency increased with increasing amount of polymers in the hollow microspheres. The sphericity factors for all formulations were in the range of 1.01 ± 0.2 to 1.29  ±  0.6  and  the  sphericity  values  of  best  formulations  F3,  F7  and  F9  were 1.05±0.2, 1.07 ± 0.1 and 1.16 ± 0.1 respectively. Quassi emulsion method used for preparation of hollow microspheres was suitable for poor water soluble drugs, because the drug was soluble in the internal organic phase.
Public Attitude and Knowledge in the Makkah Region Regarding Providing First Aid before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alnofaiey Yasser H. , Alhamyani Anoud M. , Alhamyani Meshal M. , Basha Nwarah A. , Althobaiti Lama T. , Aljuaid Amal A. , Alzahrani Khames T.
Published: December 2021

Aims: To evaluate attitude toward and knowledge of first aid of the public in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia, considering the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on changing perceptions.

Study Design:  A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, between June 2020 and November 2021.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study targeted the whole accessible population in Makkah region. All those aged 18 or older living in the region were invited to participate in the survey. Data collection was through an online pre-structured questionnaire from July 15th to August 12th, 2021. It covered sociodemographic data, knowledge, and attitude regarding first aid, and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: A total of 1,368 participants met the inclusion criteria. Ages ranged from 18 to 70 years. A total of 1,132 (82.7%) participants had poor knowledge, and 1,028 (75.1%) reported they would help in providing first aid.

Conclusion: Despite high motivation and readiness to attain knowledge of first aid, public knowledge was very low. Attitudes were very good, but practice was restricted by some barriers.
Comparison of Ketamine Nebulisation with Ketamine Gargle in Attenuating Post Operative Sore Throat Following General Anaesthesia with Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Modak Anjali , Rasheed Eshana , Bhalerao Nikhil , Devulkar Pallavi
Published: December 2021

Background & Objective: In the post operative period, Sore throat is a common morbidity following tracheal intubation. The aim was to compare ketamine nebulisation with ketamine gargle to see the effectiveness of nebulisation over gargle in reducing the incidence and severity of post operative sore throat (POST).

Methods: In this prospective, randomized study 80 patients between 18-64 year, of either sex belonging to ASA I/II, scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia, were assigned into two groups of 40 patients each. Group GK received preservative free ketamine 50mg in 29 ml of saline, gargled for 30 seconds and Group NK received ketamine 50 mg in 4ml of normal saline via nebulisation for 15 min. General anaesthesia was induced 5 min later in both the groups. Postoperatively sore throat was assessed at 0, 2, 4, 24 hrs using four point scale (0-3).

Results: The incidence of POST at 0, 2, 4, 24 hrs was 27%, 25%, 20% and 17% respectively in GK group and 20%, 17.5%, 12.5% and 7.5% in NK group respectively with no statistical difference between the two.. None of the patients in either group experienced severe sore throat.

Conclusion: Ketamine nebulisation seemed to represent an effective alternative to ketamine gargle for reliving Post Operative sore throat.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Acquired Thrombophilia: A Biological Marker for Recurrent Miscarriage
Authors: Khogli Rania Khogli ELsidig , Muddathir Abdel Rahim Mahmoud , Omer Alaa Eltayeb , Eltayeb Lienda Bashier
Published: December 2021

Background: Repeated miscarriage can cause tissue injury can lead to the formation of antibodies to the phospholipids. Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is considering the one of the most common cause of sterility. Which has received more attention in recent years as a result of an increase in the number of reproductive-aged women.

Materials and Methods: Plasma samples were tested for antiphospholipid antibodies using ELISA, and platelet count using Sysmex (KX21) Heamatology analyzer and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time using semi-automated machine (STAGO PT31039352 (for coagulation).

Results: The prevalence of Anti phospholipid antibodies (APL) was 30.5% in Sudanese patients with recurrent miscarriage, the prevalence of (Anti phospholipid Antibodies-IgM and IgG) was found to be 23.6% in patients with recurrent miscarriage compared to (Anti phospholipid Antibodies-IgG) was found to be 11.1% ((P value≤0.001), low platelets count (<50×109/l) observed in 10 (13.5%), as well as prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) among studied group were detected among 19 (26.1%).

Conclusion: Higher prevalence of antiphospolidids antibodies, and acquired thrombophilia was detected among Sudanese women with recurrent abortion; The findings are concerning because they link an increased risk of thrombosis and a hypercoagulable state lead to recurrent miscarriage in pregnant women.
Area of Specialization and Teaching Performance of the Secondary Science Teachers in Negros Oriental, Philippines
Authors: S. Malahay Roger
Published: December 2021

The K to 12 reform and the new Philippine Professional Standard for Teachers have changed the landscape of teacher quality requirements in the Philippines. It is in this context that this study is deemed necessary to determine the area of specialization and the teaching performance of the public secondary school Science teachers in terms of science content knowledge with this new educational schemeThere were 46 respondents in this study from the Department of Education-Guihulngan City Division, Negros Oriental Philippines. Findings reveal that the science teachers’ area of specialization can be categorized as Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSED) major in General Science, BS in Scientific Field (Nursing, Biology, and Chemical Engineering) and the Non-Science Field (English, TLE, Social Science). It indicates that majority of them lack the needed educational qualification to teach all science disciplines in the K12 curriculum. Furthermore, it shows that the BSED-General Science teachers with outstanding rating perform better than the B.S. in Scientific Field group and the non-science teachers with very good and good performance ratings respectively. It is an indication of lack of science content knowledge among the non-science teachers. Furthermore, the result discloses that the area of specialization is a determining factor in their teaching performance. It revealed that among the three groups of respondents, the general science teachers appear to be the most efficient.  They are followed by those in the B.S. in Scientific field, and the non-science teachers came out to be the lowest. Hence, it clearly suggests that the BSED-General Science teachers are the most qualified to teach science since they have the sufficient educational preparations. The B.S.in Scientific Field teachers need to undergo more training and enroll in graduate studies to master all the science areas in the K12 curriculum. While the non-science teachers are discouraged to handle science subjects since they lack the necessary educational preparation to teach science.
Self-Alignment/Navigation Performance Analysis in the Accelerometer Resonance State Generated by Dither Motion of Ring Laser Gyroscope in Laser Inertial Navigation System
Authors: Kim Cheonjoong , Lim Kyungah , Kim Seonah
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we theoretically analyzed the self-alignment/navigation performance in the accelerometer resonance state generated by dither motion of ring laser gyroscope in LINS and verified it through simulation. As a result of analysis, it is confirmed that the amplitude of the accelerometer measurement amplified in the accelerometer resonance state is decreased in the process of sampling per the navigation calculation period and that frequency is changed by the aliasing effect too. It was also analysed that the attitude error in self-alignment is determined by the amplitude/frequency of the accelerometer measurement, the gain of the self-alignment loop, and the velocity and position error in the navigation is determined by the amplitude/frequency/phase error of the accelerometer measurement. This analysis and simulation results show that the self-alignment and navigation performance is not be degraded only when the amplification factor of the accelerometer measurement in the accelerometer resonance state is 3 or less
Design and Manufacture of Traveling-wave Electro-optic Modulator for X-band LFM Signal Generation
Authors: Yi Minwoo , Yoo Sungjun , Bae Youngseok , Jang Sunghoon , Ryoo Joonhyung , Shin Jinwoo
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a photonic-based microwave system technology is described, and a traveling-wave electro-optic modulator is designed and manufactured as a key component. The fabricated modulator is composed of a metal diffusion waveguide for optical transmission and a planar waveguide electrode on lithium niobate substrate for microwave transmission. The electro-optic response bandwidth of I and Q channels in a fabricated dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator were measured for 27.67 and 28.11 GHz, respectively. Photonic four times up-converted X-band frequency and linear frequency modulated signal were confirmed using the fabricated electro-optic modulator by S-band input signal. The confirmed broadband signal can be applied to a microwave system for surveillance and high-resolution ISAR imaging.
DFT-Based Channel Estimation with Channel Response Mirroring for MIMO OFDM Systems
Authors: Lee JongHyup , Kang Sungjin , Noh Wooyoung , Oh Jimyung
Published: December 2021

In this paper, DFT-Based channel estimation with channel response mirroring is proposed and analyzed. In General, pilot symbols for channel estimation in MIMO(Multi-Input Multi-Output) OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) Systems have a diamond shape in the time-frequency plane. An interpolation technique to estimate the channel response of sub-carriers between reference symbols is needed. Various interpolation techniques such as linear interpolation, low-pass filtering interpolation, cubic interpolation and DFT interpolation are employed to estimate the non-pilot sub-carriers. In this paper, we investigate the conventional DFT-based channel estimation for noise reduction and channel response interpolation. The conventional method has performance degradation by distortion called “edge effect” or “border effect”. In order to mitigate the distortion, we propose an improved DFT-based channel estimation with channel response mirroring. This technique can efficiently mitigate the distortion caused by the DFT of channel response discontinuity. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance than the conventional DFT-based channel estimation in terms of MSE.
The Specification of Air-to-Air Combat Tactics Using UML Sequence Diagram
Authors: Park Myunghwan , Oh Jihyun , Kim Cheonyoung , Seol Hyeonju
Published: December 2021

Air force air-to-air combat tactics are occurring at a high speed in three-dimensional space. The specification of the tactics requires dealing with a quite amount of information, which makes it a challenge to accurately describe the maneuvering procedure of the tactics. The specification of air-to-air tactics using natural languages is not suitable because of the intrinsic ambiguity of natural languages. Therefore, this paper proposes an approach of using UML Sequence Diagram to describe air-to-air combat tactics. Since the current Sequence Diagram notation is not sufficient to express all aspects of the tactics, we extend the syntax of the Sequence Diagram to accommodate the required features of air-to-air combat tactics. We evaluate the applicability of the extended Sequence Diagram to air-to-air combat tactics using a case example, that is the manned-unmanned teaming combat tactic. The result shows that Sequence Diagram specification is more advantageous than natural language specification in terms of readability, conciseness, and accuracy. However, the expressiveness of the Sequence Diagram is evaluated to be less powerful than natural language, requiring further study to address this issue.
The association of problematic use of social media and online videogames with aggression is mediated by insomnia severity: A cross‐sectional study in a sample of 18‐ to 24‐year‐old individuals
Authors: Bersani Francesco Saverio , Barchielli Benedetta , Ferracuti Stefano , Panno Angelo , Carbone Giuseppe A. , Massullo Chiara , Farina Benedetto , Corazza Ornella , Prevete Elisabeth , Tarsitani Lorenzo , Pasquini Massimo , Biondi Massimo , Imperatori Claudio
Published: December 2021

One of the worrying concomitants of problematic use of Internet (PUI) is aggression. Although the mechanisms underlying such link have not been completely clarified, it has been suggested that problematic use of social media and online videogames (i.e., two common forms of PUI among young adults) lead to increased sleep disturbances which, in turn, represent a relevant trigger for aggression. We have tested this hypothesis in a sample (N = 480) of young individuals (351 females and 129 males; mean age: 21.76 ± 1.92 years; range: 18–24). Self‐report measures investigating symptoms related to social media addiction (SMA), Internet gaming disorder (IGD), insomnia severity, and aggression were used. Mediational models analyzing the direct and indirect associations of SMA‐ and IGD‐related symptoms on aggression severity through insomnia‐related symptoms were performed controlling for confounding factors. The models showed that the total effects of SMA‐related symptoms (B = 0.018; p = .010) and of IGD‐related symptoms (B = 0.018; p = .041) on aggression severity were significant and that these associations were mediated by insomnia‐related symptoms (respectively, p < .001 and p = .003). Our findings support the potential mediating role of insomnia severity in the association of SMA‐ and IGD‐related disturbances with levels of aggression.
Recent Advances in Materials Design Using Atomic Layer Deposition for Energy Applications
Authors: Gupta Bikesh , Hossain Md. Anower , Riaz Asim , Sharma Astha , Zhang Doudou , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Catchpole Kylie , Hoex Bram , Karuturi Siva
Published: December 2021

The design and development of materials at the nanoscale has enabled efficient, cutting‐edge renewable energy storage, and conversion devices such as solar cells, water splitting, fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. In addition to creating new materials, the ability to refine the structure and interface properties holds the key to achieving superior performance and durability of these devices. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has become an important tool for nanofabrication as it allows the deposition of pin‐hole‐free films with atomic‐level thickness and composition control over high aspect ratio surfaces. ALD is successfully used to fabricate devices for renewable energy storage and conversion, for example, to deposit absorber materials, passivation layers, selective contacts, catalyst films, protection barriers, etc. In this review article, recent advances enabled by ALD in designing materials for high‐performance solar cells, catalytic energy conversion systems, batteries, and fuel cells, are summarized. The critical issues impeding the performance and durability of these devices are introduced and then the role of ALD in addressing them is discussed. Finally, the challenges in the implementation of ALD technique for nanofabrication on industrial scale are highlighted and a perspective on potential solutions is provided.
In Situ Synthesis of Bismuth Nanoclusters within Carbon Nano‐Bundles from Metal–Organic Framework for Chloride‐Driven Electrochemical Deionization
Authors: Liu Yong , Wang Lihao , Yao Qiaofeng , Gao Xin , Du Xin , Dou Xinyue , Zhu Haiguang , Yuan Xun , Xie Jianping
Published: December 2021

Ultrasmall metal nanoclusters (MNCs, <3 nm) have emerged as a novel class of functional nanomaterials. Different from the prosperous development of noble MNCs, the fabrication of non‐noble MNCs remains a major challenge, which greatly curtails the advance of relevant application fields. Herein the authors put forward an in situ synthesis strategy of bismuth nanoclusters (Bi NCs) within carbon nano‐bundles (Bi NCs@CNBs) by simply carbonizing the Bi‐containing metal–organic framework (Bi‐MOF), and deploy it as a Cl− capturing electrode for electrochemical deionization (EDI) towards the relief of global freshwater scarcity. Of note, as a “killing two birds with one stone” strategy, the Bi‐MOF not only makes the in situ formation of Bi NCs possible but also provides a reinforcing “carbon shell” for better electronic conductivity and structural stability. As a result, the Bi NCs@CNB‐based EDI system displays ultrafast desalination (0.52 mg g−1 s−1) with outstanding cycling stability, which is beneficial from the ultrasmall size of the electrode material and cannot be achieved by large‐sized Bi nanoparticle‐based system. This work is interesting because it unprecedentedly introduces ultrasmall MNCs into EDI to manipulate the surface‐controlled Cl− storage for ultrafast EDI, boosting the advances of both non‐noble MNCs and their application in EDI.
Conductivity Mechanism in Ionic 2D Carbon Nitrides: From Hydrated Ion Motion to Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Kröger Julia , Podjaski Filip , Savasci Gökcen , Moudrakovski Igor , Jiménez‐Solano Alberto , Terban Maxwell W. , Bette Sebastian , Duppel Viola , Joos Markus , Senocrate Alessandro , Dinnebier Robert , Ochsenfeld Christian , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: December 2021

Carbon nitrides are among the most studied materials for photocatalysis; however, limitations arise from inefficient charge separation and transport within the material. Here, this aspect is addressed in the 2D carbon nitride poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) by investigating the influence of various counterions, such as M = Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Ba2+, NH4+, and tetramethyl ammonium, on the material's conductivity and photocatalytic activity. These ions in the PHI pores affect the stacking of the 2D layers, which further influences the predominantly ionic conductivity in M‐PHI. Na‐containing PHI outperforms the other M‐PHIs in various relative humidity (RH) environments (0–42%RH) in terms of conductivity, likely due to pore‐channel geometry and size of the (hydrated) ion. With increasing RH, the ionic conductivity increases by 4–5 orders of magnitude (for Na‐PHI up to 10‐5 S cm‐1 at 42%RH). At the same time, the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate is observed for Na‐PHI, which is mirrored by increased photogenerated charge‐carrier lifetimes, pointing to efficient charge‐carrier stabilization by, e.g., mobile ions. These results indicate that also ionic conductivity is an important parameter that can influence the photocatalytic activity. Besides, RH‐dependent ionic conductivity is of high interest for separators, membranes, or sensors.
Triarylamine‐Based Wholly Aromatic Polyimide with Simultaneously Unprecedented Photoluminescence Efficiency and High Glass‐Transition Temperature
Authors: Shao Yu‐Jen , Liou Guey‐Sheng
Published: December 2021

The weak photoluminescence (PL) of wholly aromatic polyimide (Ar‐PI) is generally associated with the strong charge‐transfer complex effect in both solution and solid states. Research has focused on structural designs promoting the PL behavior, but Ar‐PI PL remains a challenge in the solid state. Herein, a twisted conformation is incorporated into a triphenylamine‐based polyimide backbone to obtain a series of Ar‐PIs with extremely high PL quantum efficiency (ΦPL) in solution and even film states. PI3M‐4M exhibits the highest ΦPL of up to 61% in the film state, which is considerably superior to the values for reported Ar‐PIs. PI3M‐4M is also the first Ar‐PI to simultaneously demonstrate an unprecedented ΦPL with a remarkable glass‐transition temperature Tg of 470 °C.