bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ethics of Social Research with Children: An Overview1
Authors: Morrow Virginia , Richards Martin
Published: August 2010

This paper attempts to provide an overview of ethical issues related to social research with children. It sets the discussion in the context of current debates about researching children in the UK, and explores the extent to which children should be regarded as similar to, or different from, adults in social research, focusing on how children are positioned as vulnerable, incompetent and relatively powerless in society in general, and how this conceptualisation of children needs to be taken into account in social research. The paper concludes with some practical and methodological suggestions.
One Year On: Perceptions of the Lasting Benefits of Involvement in a Parenting Support Programme
Authors: Zeedyk M. Suzanne , Werritty Irene , Riach Christine
Published: August 2010

The availability of parenting support programmes has increased significantly within the UK over the last decade. Most evaluations of these programmes have focused on short‐term outcomes. The present study attempted to gain a longer term perspective by interviewing 20 carers more than 12 months after completing a group‐based programme. The results obtained using thematic analysis showed that the majority of participants felt the programme had had lasting effects on their ability to manage their children's behaviour and empowered them as adults. The key themes to emerge in the interviews were: the maintenance of parenting skills, the need for perseverance, strengthening of support networks and encouragement for further provision of programmes. It is argued that evaluation of support programmes should focus on more than parenting skills by assessing their impact on participants’ wider lives.
Challenges to antagonist blockade during sustained‐release naltrexone treatment
Authors: Kunøe Nikolaj , Lobmaier Philipp , Vederhus John Kåre , Hjerkinn Bjørg , Gossop Michael , Hegstad Solfrid , Kristensen Øistein , Waal Helge
Published: August 2010

Aims  Naltrexone is a competitive opioid antagonist that effectively blocks the action of heroin and other opioid agonists. Sustained‐release naltrexone formulations are now available that provide long‐acting opioid blockade. This study investigates the use of heroin and other opioids among opioid‐dependent patients receiving treatment with long‐acting naltrexone implants, their subjective experience of drug ‘high’ after opioid use, and factors associated with opioid use.

Methods  Participants (n = 60) were opioid‐dependent patients receiving treatment with naltrexone implants. Outcome data on substance use, drug ‘high’, depression and criminal activity were collected over a 6‐month period. Blood samples were taken to monitor naltrexone plasma levels, and hair samples to verify self‐reported opioid use.

Findings  More than half [n = 34 or 56%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 44–68%)] the patients challenged the blockade with illicit opioids during the 6‐month treatment period; 44% (n = 26; 95% CI 32–56%) were abstinent from opioids. Mean opioid use was reduced from 18 [standard deviation (SD)13] days during the month preceding treatment to 6 days (SD 11) after 6 months. Of the respondents questioned on opioid ‘high’ (n = 31), nine patients (30%; 95% CI 16–47%) reported partial drug ‘high’ following illicit opioid use, and three (12%; 95% CI 3–26%) reported full ‘high’. Opioid use was associated with use of non‐opioid drugs and criminal behaviour.

Conclusions  Challenging naltrexone blockade with heroin on at least one occasion is common among sustained‐release naltrexone patients, but only a minority of patients use opioids regularly. Challenges represent a warning sign for poor outcomes and often occur in the context of polydrug use and social adjustment problems.
Mexico's methamphetamine precursor chemical interventions: impacts on drug treatment admissions
Authors: Cunningham James K. , Bojorquez Ietza , Campollo Octavio , Liu Lon‐Mu , Maxwell Jane Carlisle
Published: August 2010

Aims  To help counter problems related to methamphetamine, Mexico has implemented interventions targeting pseudoephedrine and ephedrine, the precursor chemicals commonly used in the drug's synthesis. This study examines whether the interventions impacted methamphetamine treatment admissions—an indicator of methamphetamine consequences.

Design  Quasi‐experiment: autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA)‐based intervention time–series analysis. Interventions: precursor chemical restrictions implemented beginning November 2005; major rogue precursor chemical company closed (including possibly the largest single drug‐cash seizure in history) March 2007; precursor chemicals banned from Mexico (North America's first precursor ban) August 2008.

Settings  Mexico and Texas (1996–2008).

Measurements  Monthly treatment admissions for methamphetamine (intervention series) and cocaine, heroin and alcohol (quasi‐control series).

Findings  The precursor restriction was associated with temporary methamphetamine admissions decreases of 12% in Mexico and 11% in Texas. The company closure was associated with decreases of 56% in Mexico and 48% in Texas; these decreases generally remained to the end of the study period. Neither intervention was associated with significant changes in the Mexico or Texas quasi‐control series. The analysis of Mexico's ban was indeterminate due largely to a short post‐ban series.

Conclusions  This study, one of the first quasi‐experimental analyses of an illicit‐drug policy in Mexico, indicates that the country's precursor interventions were associated with positive impacts domestically and in one of the Unites States' most populous states—Texas. These interventions, coupled with previous US and Canadian interventions, amount to a new, relatively cohesive level of methamphetamine precursor control across North America's largest nations, raising the possibility that the impacts found here could continue for an extended period.
Theoretical exclusion percentages obtainable by blood grouping of pigs
Authors: Nielsen P. Bräuner
Published: August 2010

On the basis of the frequency of blood group alleles in Danish Landrace pigs, the theoretical probability of excluding incorrectly alleged paternity and parentage by means of the various blood group systems are calculated. The probability of excluding incorrect paternity of 1 and 4 pigs, will be 85 and 97%, respectively. In 96% of the cases, the parentage of an accidentally interchanged pig can be excluded.

A study of the progeny groups actually excluded during the period 1960‐1968, showed good agreement between the observed and theoretically expected frequencies of exclusions in the various blood group systems, except for the G‐system.
Chemical basis of transferrin polymorphism in pigeons
Authors: Frelinger Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2010

The structures of pigeon A and B ovotransferrins were compared by peptide mapping. A single identifiable difference was found between them. AB transferrin showed both peptides. Amino acid compositions of these peptides indicated an amino acid substitution Asx (in A) for Ser (in B).
Polymorphism of red cell acid phosphatase in dogs
Authors: Brand M. , Austad R.
Published: August 2010

In fresh red cell haemolysates from Labrador retriever dogs three acid phosphatase (Pac) phenotypes were found by starch gel electrophoresis. Family data were consistent with the theory that the Pac phenotypes are controlled by two codominant, autosomal alleles, designated PacF and PacS.
Further studies on the E blood group system in pigs
Authors: Linhart J.
Published: August 2010

The blood group system E in pigs is similar to the B system in cattle, one of the most complicated of the hitherto known blood group systems.

Studies of Andresen (1957), Saison (1958), Andresen & Wroblewski (1959), Andresen et al. (1959), Andresen (1962, 1965), Rasmusen (1965), Hojný et al. (1966), Dinklage et al. (1966), Dinklage & Major (1968), Hradecký & Hojný (1972), Hojný & Hradeck (1972, 1973) lead to the determination of the various E alleles.

This report presents information of a new blood group factor Ep in pigs.
Equine gene mapping: Close linkage between the loci for soluble malic enzyme and Xk (Pa)
Authors: Weitkamp L. R. , Guttormsen S. A. , Costello‐Leary P.
Published: August 2010

Resolution of equine soluble malic enzyme phenotypes is greatly improved by isoelectric focusing as compared with starch gel electrophoresis. Phenotype differences can be recognized in plasma as well as haemolysates. The locus for soluble malic enzyme (ME1) is closely linked to the locus for Xk.
Testing genetic models in populations which contain pedigree errors
Authors: M. McCoubrey C. , I. Sales D. , L. Archibald A.
Published: August 2010

In a genetic analysis of a polymorphic system, differences between the observed type of an individual and that expected from the parental types can arise either from an incorrect model or from pedigree errors. Such pedigree errors can cause severe difficulties in studies of the mode of inheritance of a novel polymorphic system. A method is proposed which overcomes the problem by including sire and dam error rates explicitly in the genetic model. The error rates are estimated by maximum likelihood, and likelihood ratio tests used to compare different models or estimates from different data sets. The proposals are applied to a study of the inheritance of the bovine serumAmIamylases.
Comparison of conventional prognostic indices in patients older than 60 years with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with R‐CHOP in the US Intergroup Study (ECOG 4494, CALGB 9793): consideration of age greater than 70 years in an elderly prognostic index (E‐IPI)
Authors: Advani Ranjana H. , Chen Haiyan , Habermann Thomas M. , Morrison Vicki A. , Weller Edie A. , Fisher Richard I. , Peterson Bruce A. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Horning Sandra J. ,   Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,   Cancer and Leukemia Group B,   Southwest Oncology Group
Published: August 2010

To assess if immunochemotherapy influenced the prognostic value of IPI in elderly diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, we evaluated the performance of the standard International Prognostic Index (IPI) and following modifications: age adjusted (AA)‐IPI, revised (R)‐IPI, and an elderly IPI with age cut‐off 70 years (E‐IPI) in patients >60 years treated with RCHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone). In 267 patients, by IPI/AA‐IPI 60% were high‐intermediate, 53% high and 12% low risk. With R‐IPI, 60% were poor risk and none very good risk. Using E‐IPI, 45% were high‐intermediate/high risk and 27% low risk. No differences in outcome were seen in the low/low‐intermediate groups with IPI/AA‐IPI. For E‐IPI, failure‐free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly different for low/low‐intermediate groups. No differences were detected in the four indices with model fit/discrimination measures; however, E‐IPI ranked highest. For elderly R‐CHOP treated patients, distribution of IPI/AA‐IPI skewed toward high/high‐intermediate risk with no differences in FFS/OS between low/low‐intermediate risk. In contrast, with E‐IPI, more are classified as low risk with significant differences in FFS/OS for low‐intermediate compared to low risk. The R‐IPI does not identify a very good risk group, thus minimizing its utility in this population. The prognostic discrimination provided by the E‐IPI for low and low‐intermediate elderly DLBCL patients needs validation by other datasets.
Increased adhesion of human monocytes to IL-4-stimulated human venous endothelial cells via CD11/CD18, and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4)/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-Independent mechanisms
Authors: VERDEGAAL E M E , BEEKHUIZEN H , BLOKLAND I , van FURTH R
Published: August 2010

Expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells (EC) can be up-regulated or induced by cytokines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of IL-4on both the expression of adhesion molecules on EC and monocyte adhesion to EC. Flow cytometric analysis showed that VCAM-1 expression on EC was up-regulated after stimulation with IL-4 for 24 h, whereas the expression of E-selectin (formerly called endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1)) was not enhanced, and that of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) only slightly. The adhesion of monocytes to EC increased to maximum values upon stimulation of EC with IL-4 for 24 h. Coating of monocytes with MoAb against the integrin β2-subunit (CD18) significantly inhibited their adhesion to IL-4-stimulated EC; maximal inhibition was found when monocytes were coated with anti-CD18 MoAb in combination with MoAb against CD49d (the α-chain of VLA-4), whereas no inhibition was found when monocytes were coated only with MoAb against CD49d. Monocyte adhesion was not significantly inhibited when IL-4-stimulated EC were coated with MoAbs against ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 alone or in combination. Adhesion of monocytes was inhibited to a greater extent when in addition to coating of monocytes with MoAb against CD18 the EC were coated with MoAb against VCAM-1. From these results we conclude that monocytes bind to IL-4-stimulated EC via interaction of CD11/CD18 molecules on the monocytes with an as yet unknown endothelial ligand, and interaction of VLA-4 on monocytes with VCAM-1 on EC.
Longitudinal changes in epitope recognition of autoantibodies against glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65Ab) in prediabetic adults developing diabetes
Authors: Hampe C S , Hall T R , Ågren Å , Rolandsson O
Published: August 2010

We analysed the beta cell-specific autoimmunity reflected in autoantibodies to the smaller isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) in the prediabetic period of GAD65Ab-positive healthy adults who developed Type 2 diabetes (T2D) during a follow-up period of 10 years. We found that of the adults that tested GAD65Ab-positive at baseline (n = 25), six developed T2D and one developed Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of the subjects that tested GAD65Ab-negative at baseline (n = 2209), 81 developed T2D, one developed T1D and four developed unclassified diabetes, indicating that the risk for GAD65Ab-positive healthy adults to develop diabetes is increased sixfold. The GAD65Ab epitopes were characterized in a competition radioligand binding assay using recombinant Fab derived of GAD65-specific monoclonal antibodies. We observed that the GAD65Ab epitope specificities in the prediabetic period changed dynamically. Specifically, the binding to a middle and a C-terminal epitope increased during the follow-up period (P = 0·03), causing a significant increase in the number of epitopes recognized (P = 0·03). These findings are similar to previous observations of dynamic changes in the prediabetic period of schoolchildren at high risk for T1D development. However, the character of the epitopes differs between the two populations, suggesting differences in the beta cell-specific autoimmune response in the prediabetic period of patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and T1D.
Inhibition of human neutrophil degranulation by transforming growth factor-β1
Authors: Shen L , Smith J M , Shen Z , Eriksson M , Sentman C , Wira C R
Published: August 2010

Neutrophils enter tissues including the uterus and are found in the endometrium in increased numbers prior to menses. In this environment, they are exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 produced by endometrial stromal and epithelial cells. We observed that incubation of neutrophils in vitro with TGF-β1 at 1 pg/ml significantly reduced their secretion of lactoferrin in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This effect was achieved with as little as 15 min of pretreatment with TGF-β1. Inhibition of lactoferrin release by TGF-β1 was observed irrespective of whether neutrophils were stimulated by ligands for Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4 or FPR, the G protein-coupled receptor for formylated peptides. Inhibition by TGF-β1 was negated by SB-431542, a small molecule inhibitor that specifically blocks the kinase activity of the type I TGF-β receptor (ALK5) In contrast to lactoferrin release, another important neutrophil function, interleukin (IL)-8 driven chemotaxis, was not affected by TGF-β1 at 1 pg/ml or 100 pg/ml. We conclude that in tissues of the female reproductive tract, TGF-β1 inhibition of neutrophil degranulation may prevent these cells from initiating an inflammatory response or releasing degradative enzymes that could potentially damage the oocyte or fetus.
Clay dispersion in relation to changes in the electrolyte composition of dialysed red‐brown earths
Authors: RENGASAMY P.
Published: August 2010

Dialysis and re‐suspension of red‐brown earths showed dispersion in distilled water independent of the adsorbed cations. Whenever the electrolyte concentration is below the critical coagulation concentration the soil and clay will disperse. Mechanical disturbance greatly enhances the dispersion process. The experiments suggest that the dispersion was influenced by the released salt in the suspensions. The changes with time in the electrolyte composition of dialysed soils and clays showed that the ‘homoionic’ systems are unstable with possible interference with clay dispersion by the generated electrolytes. The importance of free electrolytes, especially calcium, in the management of dispersive red‐brown earths is indicated.
Mechanical impedance to root growth: a review of experimental techniques and root growth responses
Authors: BENGOUGH A. G. , MULLINS C. E.
Published: August 2010

Mechanical impedance to root growth is one of the most important factors determining root elongation and proliferation within a soil profile. Penetrometers overestimate resistance to root growth in soil by a factor of between two and eight and, although they remain the most convenient method for predicting root resistance, careful interpretation of results and choice of penetrometer design are essential if improved estimates of soil resistance to root elongation are to be obtained. Resistance to root growth through pressurized cells containing ballotini considerably exceeds the confining pressure applied externally to these cells. Results from this work are reappraised. Existing models of soil penetration by roots and penetrometers are reviewed together with the factors influencing penetration resistance. The interpretation of results from mechanical impedance experiments is examined in some detail and root responses, including possible mechanisms of response, are discussed.
Challenges in using land use and land cover data for global change studies
Authors: VERBURG PETER H. , NEUMANN KATHLEEN , NOL LINDA
Published: August 2010

Land use and land cover data play a central role in climate change assessments. These data originate from different sources and inventory techniques. Each source of land use/cover data has its own domain of applicability and quality standards. Often data are selected without explicitly considering the suitability of the data for the specific application, the bias originating from data inventory and aggregation, and the effects of the uncertainty in the data on the results of the assessment. Uncertainties due to data selection and handling can be in the same order of magnitude as uncertainties related to the representation of the processes under investigation. While acknowledging the differences in data sources and the causes of inconsistencies, several methods have been developed to optimally extract information from the data and document the uncertainties. These methods include data integration, improved validation techniques and harmonization of classification systems. Based on the data needs of global change studies and the data availability, recommendations are formulated aimed at optimal use of current data and focused efforts for additional data collection. These include: improved documentation using classification systems for land use/cover data; careful selection of data given the specific application and the use of appropriate scaling and aggregation methods. In addition, the data availability may be improved by the combination of different data sources to optimize information content while collection of additional data must focus on validation of available data sets and improved coverage of regions and land cover types with a high level of uncertainty. Specific attention in data collection should be given to the representation of land management (systems) and mosaic landscapes.
Non‐invasive, label‐free cell counting and quantitative analysis of adherent cells using digital holography
Authors: MÖLDER A. , SEBESTA M. , GUSTAFSSON M. , GISSELSON L. , WINGREN A. GJÖRLOFF , ALM K.
Published: August 2010

Manual cell counting is time consuming and requires a high degree of skill on behalf of the person performing the count. Here we use a technique that utilizes digital holography, allowing label‐free and completely non‐invasive cell counting directly in cell culture vessels with adherent viable cells. The images produced can provide both quantitative and qualitative phase information from a single hologram. The recently constructed microscope Holomonitor™ (Phase Holographic Imaging AB, Lund, Sweden) combines the commonly used phase contrast microscope with digital holography, the latter giving us the possibility of achieving quantitative information on cellular shape, area, confluence and optical thickness. This project aimed at determining the accuracy and repeatability of cell counting measurements using digital holography compared to the conventional manual cell counting method using a haemocytometer. The collected data were also used to determine cell size and cellular optical thickness. The results show that digital holography can be used for non‐invasive automatic cell counting as precisely as conventional manual cell counting
Mud cylinders formed by larvae of Tabanus biguttatus Wied. (Diptera: Tabanidae) in Kenya
Authors: Tremlett J. G.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Mud cylinders formed by larvae of Tabanus biguttutus, collected from a mud pool at Malindi, Kenya, are described.
Egg development in the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.) in relation to the availability of water
Authors: Hunter‐Jones Philip
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The development of the egg of the Desert Locust in relation to the availability of The results water in the soil is considered, and the effects of desiccation are discussed. are discussed in relation to the Conditions under which the insect lives in nature.
The insect fauna of the desert near Khartoum: seasonal fluctuation and the effect of grazing
Authors: Cloudsle‐Thompson J. L. , Idris B. E. M.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of a survey of the insect fauna of the desert near Khartoum, carried out between July, 1960 and September, 1962; seasonal fluctuations are discussed and the fauna of grazed and ungrazed areas compared.
Age‐changes in the ovaries of the sheep ked, Melophagus ovinus (L.) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae)
Authors: Saunders D. S.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The reproductive system and ovulation cycle in Melophagus ovinus are described, and age changes in the ovaries are discussed. A method, similar to that used with Glossina spp., for determining the age of individuals by examination of their follicular relics is proposed.
Histological changes related to the secretion of digestive enzymes in the midgut and caeca of Locusta migratoria L. (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Khan Mumtaz Ahmad
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The histology of the midgut and caeca of normal adults of Locusta migratoria L. with a partially full gut is described and compared with the condition in the newly emerged adult. The changes due to starvation and feeding are discussed. Details of the conditiops in fifth instar hoppers at various periods of their development are given.
Stridulation of the Garden Tiger Moth, Arctia caja L., audible to the human ear
Authors: Rothschild Miriam , Haskell P. T.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the three types of display shown by Arctia caja in response to disturbance.
Ovulation and oocyte resorption in Acridoidea (Orthoptera)
Authors: Phipps John
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of egg development and resorption in Acridoidea.
Observations on the life history and predatory behaviour of Zelus exsanguis (Stål) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Edwards John S.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The life history and reproductive behaviour of Zelus exsanguis is described. An account is given of predatory behaviour in this species, and the mechanism of prey capture is examined.
The biology and immature stages of Entedon leucogramma (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasite of bark beetles
Authors: Beaver R. A.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the life history of Entedon leucogramma, an endoparasite of Scolytus scolytus, and the immature stages are described. The recorded host species are discussed in relation to the biology of the parasite.
A study of the metathorax and its principal muscles in Dytiscid beetles
Authors: Balfour‐Browne Frank
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the principal metathoracic muscles in the Dytiscidae. The development of the flight muscles is discussed.
The larva of the marine Tipulid, Geranomyia unicolor Haliday
Authors: Toye S. A.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A desciption is given of the larva of Geranomyia unicolor, an intertidal species.
The behaviour of fleas (Siphonaptera) within the cocoon
Authors: Humphries D. A.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Sequences of behaviour within the cocoon by CtenocepMides felis and three species of Ceratophyllus are described. The effect of desiccation on moulting and emergence is discussed.
The action of the male genitalia during the copulation of the hen flea, Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank)
Authors: Humphries D. A.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the five stages in the linking of male and female genitalia in Cerarophyllus gallinae. The possible role of the complex male genitalia in sexual isolation is suggested.
The influence of temperature on reproduction and development in four species of Glossina (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Harley J. M. B.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Changes in the frequency of larviposition with temperature in four species of Glossina are described, together with the estimation, by means of these data, of the mean temperature experienced previously in the field by females that had been released and of which the physiological age on recapture had been determined. The influence of temperature on the duration of the pupal period, on pupal weight and on ovulation in the four species is discussed.
The larva, dwelling‐tube and feeding of a species of Protodipseudopsis (Trichoptera: Dipseudopsidae)
Authors: Gibbs D. G.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The larva of a species of Protodipseudopsis from Ghana is described. From an examination of larval dwelling‐tubes the method of feeding is deduced and related to larval morphology.
Food‐plant selection by Poecilocerus hieroglyphicus (Klug) (Acrididae: Pyrgomorphinae) and some of the receptors involved
Authors: Abushama Faysal Tageldin
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of food‐plant selection by the grasshopper Poecilocerus hieroglyphicus. Sense organs on the antennae and palpi are described, and their possible role in the location and preliminary testing of food is discussed.
Seasonal abundance of Tabanidae at Mazabuka, Zambia
Authors: Clarke J. E.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of daily catches of Tabanidae over a two‐year period in six different localities at Mazabuka in the southern province of Zambia.
The structure of the chorion and its possible significance during imposition inNasonia vitripennis(Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and other Chalcids
Authors: King P. E. , Richards J. G. , Copland M. J. W.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the structure of the vitelline membrane and reduced chorion in eggs ofNasonia vitripennis, and the importance of the latter in the mechanism of oviposition is discussed.
Studies on the biting habits ofCulicoides impunctatusGoetghebuer,C. obsoletus(Meigen) andC. punctatus(Meigen) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Southern England
Authors: Service M. W.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the seasonal incidence, biting activity, vertical and horizontal distribution of adults ofCulicoides impunctatusandC. obsoletusin Dorset, England, and of the seasonal incidence ofC. punctatus.
The biology of Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitising some British Cercopidae (Homoptera)
Authors: Whittaker J. B.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the species of Verrallia found to parasitise Philaenus spumarius, Neophilaenus lineatus and N. campestris. The effect of parasitism on the host is discussed.
The morphology of the scent glands of Dysdercus intermedius Distant (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) and a preliminary analysis of the scent gland secretions of the fifth instar larvae
Authors: Youdeowei A. , Calam D. H.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The external morphology of the scent glands of larvae and adults of Dysdercus intermedius is described. An account is given of a preliminary analysis of secretions from the scent glands of fifth instar larvae, and the functions of the scent gland secretions are discussed.
Oögenesis in Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Authors: King P. E. , Richards J. G.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the development of the oöcyte in Nasonia vitripennis. The probable functions of the trophocytes, the accessory nuclei and the annulate lamellae are discussed.
Directional control of the stylets in phytophagous Hemiptera
Authors: Pollard D. G.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The ways in which phytophagous Hemiptera control the direction taken by their stylets in plant tissue are discussed, and details are given of the methods used by Eupteryx melissae.
Differences in hydrolase isozymes of Italian and Rhodesian strains of Aedes vittatus (Bigot) (Diptera: Culicidae) and their hybrids
Authors: Freyvogel Thierry A. , McClelland G. A. H.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of isozymes of esterase and alkaline phosphatase in females of Aedes vittatus from Italy and Rhodesia and their reciprocal hybrids.
The detection of parasitised hosts by males of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and some possible implications
Authors: King P. E. , Askew R. R. , Sanger C.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the emergence and mating behaviour of males of Nasonia vitripennis. The effect of the behaviour of the male on the composition of the population is discussed.
The adhesive pads of Heteroptera: a re‐examination
Authors: Edwards John S. , Tarkanian M.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The behaviour of the setae on the tibial adhesive pads of Rhoduius prolixus is described and compared with that of the digital setae of lizards.
The production of adults in incipient colonies ofBombus agrorum(F.) (Hymenoptera: Bombidae)
Authors: Alford D. V.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the size and emergence of first brood adults in colonies ofBombus agrorum.The significance of the observed characteristics of the initial worker population of colonies is discussed.
On the morphology and musculature of the female reproductive organs ofDermestes maculatusDeGeer (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Authors: Tandon G. N.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of the internal reproductive organs of the female ofDermestes maculatusand of the structure and musculature of the genital tube.
Probable pheromone‐secreting cells in the epidermis of mature males of Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Thomas Joan G.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

The structure and distribution of gland cells in the abdomen of mature and immature crowded males of Schistocera gregaria is described and compared with that of isolated males. The probable function of such cells is considered.
The life histories of Ischnura elegans (van der Linden) and Coenagrion puella (L.) (Odonata) in south Lancashire
Authors: Parr M. J.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the occurrence of univoltine and semivoltine individuals in populations of Ischnura elegans and Coenagrion puella in a habitat in south Lancashire.
Polytene chromosomes of Glossina palpalis Robineau‐Desvoidy (Diptera: Muscidae). II. Their improved demonstration
Authors: Riordan K.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of an improved method of demonstrating the occurrence of polytene chromosomes in the muscle tissue of developmental stages of Glossina palpalis.
A new species of Colpocephalum Nitzsch (Mallophaga)
Authors: Clay Theresa
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new species of Colpocephalum is described from male specimens, and the characters of this and the related species, C. scopinum, are discussed.
A new species of Mecomma (Heteroptera: Miridae) from Ruwenzori
Authors: Ghauri M. S. K.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new species of Mecomma is described from a female taken in Uganda.
A new species of Micronecta (Hemiptera: Corixidae) from Malaya
Authors: Fernando C. H.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new species of Micronecta is described from specimens taken in Malaya.
Some taxonomic changes and additions in the British Cicadellidae (Hemiptera) including a new species and subspecies
Authors: Quesne W. J. Le
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Nomenclatorial and other changes in the British Cicadellidae are discussed and reasons given for these and for the new synonymy now proposed. A new species of Aphrodes is described and a redescription is given of Ebarrius cognatus. A new subspecies of Rhopalopyx vitripennis is proposed.
The Myopsocidae (Psocoptera) of Australia
Authors: Smithers C. N.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

An account is given of the five species of Myopsocus s.1. that occur in Australia. This includes descriptions of both sexes of two new species and of a third new species that is based on material previously described as M. griseipennis.
A new genus of Pentatomidae from Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius (Hemiptera)
Authors: Orian Alfred J. E.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new pentatomine genus, of which a description is given, is erected forAcrosternum pallidoconspersumand a number of other species from Africa and Madagascar, two of which are redescribed. Notes are given on the related generaAcrosternumand Nezara.
A new species of Simulium (Eusimulium) from St. Helena Island, South Atlantic (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: Crosskey R. W.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new species of Simulium from St. Helena is described and assigned to the subgenus Eusimulium. This is the first record of Simuliidae on St. Helena and the implications of the occurrence of this family on such a remote island are briefly discussed.
Descriptions of a new aphid genus from Australia and of the alate viviparous female of Sensoriaphis tasmaniae Carver and Martyn, 1962 (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Carver Mary , Martyn E. J.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new genus of Neophyllaphidini is established for two new species from Tasmania and Western Australia, respectively, descriptions of which are given. The alate viviparous female of Sensoriaphis tasmaniae is also described.
A new species of Paracnephia Rubtzov, 1962 (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Uganda
Authors: McCrae A. W. R. , Prentice M. A.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new species of Parucnephiu, near dumurensis, is described from males, females, pupae and larvae taken from an isolated mountain in Uganda just north of the equator. The characters in which it differs from other species of Parucnephiu are discussed and notes on the habitat and habits are included.
A new species of Clausenia Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Israel
Authors: Rosen David
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

Both sexes of a new species of Clausenia Ishii, parasitic in a species of Planococcus infesting vines in Israel, are described and compared with the type of the genus, C.purpurea Ishii.
The identity of Hydropsyche ?tibialis McLachlan (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
Authors: Ross HerbertH. , Ross JeanA.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A male specimen in the McLachlan collection, not hitherto referred to in the literature, is designated as the allotype of H. tibialis. The genitalia of the holotype and allotype are described and figured.
A new genus of Encyrtidae from India (Hymenoptera)*
Authors: SubbaRao B. R.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new genus of Encyrtidae is erected for one new species, which is described from female specimens taken on lecanine scales in India. A key is given to females of the new genus and allied genera.
A new aphid genus from Central Africa
Authors: Adams A. N.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new aphid genus of the subfamily Callipterinae is established for a new species from the Central Province of Malawi, the alate and apterous virginoparae and nymphs of which are described. The taxonomic affinities of the genus are discussed.
The classification of Rhogogaster Konow (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Benson RobertB.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Keys are given to six proposed species‐groups of the genus Rhogogaster, and to the species of each group. Two new species of the viridis group are described from males and females taken Afghanistan and Turkey.
Contributions towards a revision of Myrsidea Waterston (Mallophaga: Menoponidae). II*
Authors: Clay Theresa
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new species of Myrsdea is described from males and females taken in new Guinea, and notes on Trinoton stramineum Giebel.M. crassipes (Piaget), M.conspicua(kellogg & Chapma n) and M. bakttitar (Ansari) include the selection of lectotypes for M. crassipes and M.conspicua.
A new species of Mimeutermes Silvestri and the imago of Nasutitermes diabolus (Sjöstedt) from Africa (Isoptera: Nasutitermitinae)
Authors: Sands W. A.
Published: August 2010

A new species of Mimeutermes is described from imagos taken in Tanganyika. A key to the four species of Mimeutermes and a note on their distribution are included. The hitherto unknown imago of Nasutitermes diabolus is described from a unique male taken in Gabon.
The larva of Pumbovus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and its systematic position
Authors: Moore B. P.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The hitherto unknown larva of Pamborits is described from a second instar specimen of P.macleayi. The relationships of this and other carabine larvae are summarised and a phylogeny of the Carabinae is suggested.
Three new species of Esukia Lundblad (Heteroptera: Gerridae) from Malaya
Authors: Cheng Lanna
Published: August 2010

Synopsls

Three new species of Esakia are described from males and females taken in Malaya.
Some little‐known flightless species of Pyrgomorphidae from South Africa, with a description of a new genus and species (Orthoptera: Acridoidea)
Authors: Kevan D. Keith McE.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

An account is given of additional material of Parasphenella carinata and Punctisphena pustulata from the Transvaal. A new genus and species of Pyrgomorphidae are erected for a unique female from eastern Transvaal.
New generic and specific synonymy in Australian Tachinidae (Diptera)
Authors: Crosskey R. W.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Examination of types has shown the existence of much synonymy, which is here newly established as a preliminary step towards the preparation of a catalogue of Australian Tachinidae. Eighteen names of the genus‐group and 32 specific names are newly placed in synonymy and 34 new combinations are established. Seven lecto‐types are designated.
A new species of Stenoptilodes (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) from Northern Nigeria, with notes on its biology
Authors: Service M. W.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new species of Stenoptilodes from Northern Nigeria is described from males, females, pupae and larvae. A brief account is given of the biology of the species as observed in the field.
A key to the Neotropical genus Idolopsalis Borelli (Dermaptera: Carcinophoridae)
Authors: Brindle A.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A key is given to the seven species of the South American genus Idolopsalis, two of which are described as new. The status of the genus is discussed.
Further observations on Peltidae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea), with definitions of a new subfamily and of four new genera
Authors: Crowson R. A.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A revised key is given to the subfamilies of Peltidae, one of which is described as new, and the phylogeny of the family is discussed. Three new genera are erected within the new subfamily for four new species described from New Zealand. The range of Decamerinae is extended into the Old World by the description of a new genus of the group from India.
A taxonomic study of a new genus of Drepanidae (Lepidoptera) from New Guinea
Authors: Wilkinson C.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new genus of Drepanidae is erected for four new species and three species transferred from Peridrepana Butler, which together form a compact group. A key to the males of these species is included.
A new species of whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from ferns in British glasshouses
Authors: Mound L. A.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A new species of Metabemisia is described from specimens collected in glasshouses at Edinburgh and at Kew on ferns of various genera.
Two new African species of the genus Stenus Latreille (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)*
Authors: Puthz Volker
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

One new species of Stenus, belonging to the brachelytratus‐group, is described from a male and female from Cameroun. A second new species, belonging to the conso‐brinus‐group, is described from a female from Angola.
The families Perimylopidae and Dacoderidae (Coleoptera, Heteromera)
Authors: Watt J. C.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

The families Perimylopidae and Dacoderidae are defined, and keys are given to the included genera. The relationships of the families are discussed.
A key to the Ethiopian genusDiaperasticusBurr (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)
Authors: Brindle A.
Published: August 2010

Synopsis

A key is given to the four species of the Ethiopian genusDiaperasticusBurr. The synonymy and variation of the species are discussed.
Three new species of Aleyrodidae from the Sudan (Hemiptera‐Homoptera)
Authors: GAMEEL OSMAN I.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Three new species of Aleyrodidae, occurring in different regions of the Sudan, are described from the pupae.
The subgenera of Austrolimnius (Coleoptera: Elminthidae)
Authors: Hinton H. E.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Eleven subgenera of Austrolimnius are here recognised, of which nine are given new names. A key to the subgenera is given.
A new genus of Noteridae (Coleoptera: Noteridae, Noterini)
Authors: Balfour‐Browne J.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new genus is erected for three new species of Noterini, two of which are describe from material taken in Brazil and the third from material taken in Guiana.
Species of Lygus (Hahn) (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Scotland
Authors: Stewart R. K.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Descriptions are given of specimens of Lygus rugulipennis, L. wagneri and L. punctatus collected in central Scotland.
New or little‐known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera). XVI
Authors: Alexander Charles P.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Eight new species of the Limoniine genus Anrocha Osten Sacken are described, all from India and chiefly from Assam.
On a new family of Clavicornia (Coleoptera) and a new genus of Languriidae
Authors: Gupta T. Sen , Crowson R. A.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new family of Clavicornia is erected for a new monotypic genus, described from material taken in Queensland, Australia, and the affinities of this family to Languriidae and other Clavicornia are discussed. A new tribe of the family Langwiidae is erected for a new genus on two New Zealand species, Telmatophilus olivascens Broun and T. vestitus Broun, and the systematic position of the new genus is discussed.
A new species of Macrocera from the Crozet Islands (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)
Authors: Colless Donald H.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

A new species of Macrocero, described from the Crozet Islands, is the first Mycetophilid recorded from those islands and the first of its genus from the subantarctic islands.
New or little‐known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera). XVII
Authors: Alexander Charles P.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Eight new species of the Limoniine genus Anrocha Osten Sacken are described. seven from the Himalayan region of Kumaon, Sikkim and Assam, and one from South India.
Taxonomic notes on some western Palaearctic Eurytomidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
Authors: GRAHAM M. W. R. DE V.
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS

Notes dealing with 12 species of Teframesa, two species of Bruchophagus and 12 of Eurytoma include new synonymy and designation of lectotypes. Eurytoma fumipennis, E. squamea and E. apicalis are redescribed, and the diagnostic characters of some other species are re‐assessed. Attention is drawn to the value of the characters of theclypeus as an aid to classification in Eurytoma.
Synthetic linear and cyclic glucagon antagonists
Authors: DHARANIPRAGADA RAMALINGA , TRIVEDI DEV , BANNISTER ANNE , SIEYEL MARA , TOURWE DIRK , MOLLOVA NEVENA , SCHRAM KARL , HRUBY VICTOR J.
Published: August 2010

The synthesis and biological activities of seven new glucagon analogues are reported. The design of com‐ pounds 2‐5 is based on potent antagonists recently reported from this laboratory, where we have focused on modifications in the N‐terminal region. In this report we have concentrated specifically on modifications to histidine‐1. In addition we have prepared two cyclic compounds 7 and 8, related to a linear in vivo antagonist [Glu9]glucagon, reported by Medeld (Unson et al. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA84, 4083‐4087). The N‐terminal modifications involved substitution of His1 by the unnatural conformationally constrained residue (S)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐5‐oxoimidazo(1,5‐c)pyrimidine‐7‐carboxylic acid (Toc), desaminohistidine (dHis) and 3‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)histidine. The structures of the new compounds are as follows. [Toc1,d‐Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon (2); [Toc1,dPhe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon amide (3); [3‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)His1,dPhe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon (4); [dHis1,d‐Phe4,Tyr5,Arg12,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon (5); [dHis1,Glu9]glucagon (6); (desHis1)glucagon amide (7); (desHis1)‐glucagon amide (8). The binding potencies of the linear analogues, as expressed a percentage of glucagon binding, are 2.6 (2), 0.13 (3), 0.8 (4), 0.8 (5), 2.2 (6). Both cyclic analogues 7 and 8 show biphasic binding curves. The IC50 values for 7 at the high and low finity sites are 1.5 and 167 nm, respectively (IC50 of glucagon = 1.3 nm). The IC50 values for 50 at the high and low affinity sites are 4.7 and 3451 nm, respectively. The cyclic analogues are characterized by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of endoproteinase ASP‐N digests. The specificity of the enzyme used in these studies enables differentiation of isomers of the cyclic glucagon analogues which differ only in the position of cyclic amide bond. Analogues 2,3 and 5–8 are glucagon receptor antagonists with respect to the glucagon receptor coupled to the adenylate cyclase (AC) system. Analogue 4 is a partial agonist (5.7% compared to glucagon) of AC. Introduction of unusual amino acids which do not contain a primary α‐amino group such as Toc at the N‐terminus is expected to increase in vivo metabolic stability by protecting against degradation by aminopeptidases.