bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Dynamic MRI Be Used to Accurately Identify Velopharyngeal Closure Patterns?
Authors: Perry Jamie L. , Mason Kazlin , Sutton Bradley P. , Kuehn David P.
Published: March 2018

Background:

Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a non-invasive, child-friendly, reproducible, and repeatable imaging method providing a 3-dimensional view of the velopharyngeal structures and function during speech. However, the value of dynamic MRI as compared to imaging methods such as nasopharyngoscopy is not well understood. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of nasopharyngoscopy and dynamic MRI to accurately identify velopharyngeal closure patterns among adults without cleft palate.

Methods:

Participants included 34 healthy adults with normal anatomy between 19 and 33 years of age (mean = 23 years; SD = 4.1 years). Participants underwent dynamic MRI and nasopharyngoscopy studies and comparisons were performed to determine the intra- and inter-rater reliability for accurately determining closure pattern. The MRI acquisition was a dynamic acquisition of a 2D plane.

Results:

Strong inter- (κ = .824; P < .001) and intra-rater (Rater 1: κ = 0.879, P < .001, 94% agreement between ratings; Rater 2 with 100% agreement) agreement was observed for the identification of closure pattern using nasopharyngoscopy. Inter-rater agreement for ratings using MRI demonstrated moderate agreement (κ = .489; P < .004). Examining point agreement revealed only 27 of the 33 ratings of MRI showed agreement (80%).

Conclusion:

This demonstrates that inter-rater reliability for determining closure patterns from nasopharyngoscopy is good; however, ratings using MRI was less reliable at determining closure patterns. It is likely that future improvements in dynamic imaging with MRI to enable 3D visualizations are needed for improved diagnostic accuracy for assessing velopharyngeal closure patterns.
Ovarian Clear Cell Adenofibroma of Low Malignant Potential Developing Into Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yin Zhiwei , Peters Stephen , Chokshi Ravi , Heller Debra
Published: March 2018

Ovarian clear cell adenofibroma is uncommon, and borderline clear cell adenofibroma (low malignant potential) is extremely rare. Borderline clear cell adenofibromas may represent the precursor lesion of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary, but this has not been established. We present a case of a woman in her mid-50s with a clear cell adenofibroma ranging from benign to borderline to frankly invasive. While some clear cell adenocarcinomas are thought to arise from endometriosis, this range of findings supports the theory that some ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas originate from borderline tumors.
Utility of Hematological Parameters in Predicting No-Reflow Phenomenon After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wang Zuoyan , Ren Lihui , Liu Na , Peng Jianjun
Published: March 2018

Objective:

Because the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction can lead to poor outcomes and early identification of patients at high risk may alter the clinical outcome, we aimed to study possible differences in the predictive utility among hematological parameters for early identification of patients at high risk of the no-reflow phenomenon during the primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods:

A total of 612 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups: no-reflow and normal reflow. Hematological parameters were measured on admission. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and receiver–operating characteristic areas under the curve were determined to evaluate the predictive values of these parameters.

Results:

The patients in the no-reflow group had a significantly higher neutrophil count, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, platelet–lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio when compared to the normal reflow patients. We identified mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio to have a moderate predictive value and high specificity (66.8%) for the no-reflow phenomenon. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio provided the largest area under the curve for predicting no reflow. Regarding the predictive utility for no reflow, the comparison showed no statically significant differences among evaluated hematological parameters.

Conclusion:

For the prediction of no reflow, mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio yielded moderate performance. No hematological parameter on admission had persuasive superior capacities to predict no-reflow in patients receiving the primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Evaluation of the Interplay Between Homework Motivation and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Youth With ADHD: Associations With Homework Performance
Authors: Smith Zoe R. , Breaux Rosanna P. , Green Cathrin D. , Langberg Joshua M.
Published: March 2018

Objective: This study evaluated which Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) factors (i.e., Slow, Sleepy, Daydreamer) are most strongly associated with homework motivation, and whether homework motivation mediates the path between SCT and academic impairment. Method: Participants were 285 middle school students (boys 209) in Grades 6 to 8 (ages 10-15 years) who were comprehensively diagnosed with ADHD. Results: Parent- and self-report of SCT Slow behaviors predicted homework motivation above and beyond symptoms of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), anxiety, depression, and intelligence. The mediation models tested were multi-informant and cross-rater (parent-report of SCT to self-report of motivation to teacher-report of homework problems), and suggest that low motivation may help explain the associations between SCT and functional impairment. Conclusion: SCT and motivation are significantly associated constructs. Clinically, youth with ADHD and comorbid SCT may be more likely to present with low motivation, placing them at risk for academic failure. The manuscript discusses potential clinical implications of these findings.
Comparing the 12-month patency of low- versus high-pressure dilation in failing arteriovenous fistulae: A prospective multicenter trial (YOROI study)
Authors: Wakamoto Koki , Doi Shigehiro , Nakashima Ayumu , Kawai Toru , Kyuden Yasufumi , Naito Takayuki , Asai Mariko , Takahashi Shunsuke , Murakami Masaaki , Masaki Takao
Published: March 2018

Purpose:

This study was performed to investigate the effect of the balloon dilation pressure on the 12-month patency rate in patients with failed arteriovenous fistulas undergoing hemodialysis.

Materials and methods:

In this multicenter, prospective, randomized trial, the 4-mm-diameter YOROI balloon was used for dilation of stenotic lesions. The balloons were inflated to a pressure of 8 atm (low-pressure group) or 30 atm to achieve complete expansion (high-pressure group). The 12-month patency rate after balloon angioplasty was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test and/or a Cox proportional hazard model. We also investigated the dilation pressure required to achieve complete expansion in the high-pressure group.

Results:

In total, 71 patients were enrolled and allocated to either the low-pressure group (n = 34) or the high-pressure group (n = 37). The 12-month patency rates showed no significant difference between the low- and high-pressure groups (47% and 49%, respectively; p = 0.87). In the low-pressure group, the patency rate was not different between patients with complete dilation and residual stenosis (44% and 50%, respectively; p = 0.87). The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that the 12-month patency rate was associated with the stenosis diameter (hazard ratio 0.36; p = 0.001) and the presence of diabetes (hazard ratio 0.33; p = 0.018). Finally, the pressure required to achieve complete dilation was ≤20 atm in 76% of patients and ≤30 atm in 97% of patients. One patient required a dilation pressure of >30 atm.

Conclusion:

The patency rate does not differ between low-pressure dilation and high-pressure dilation.
‘Disease, illness, affliction? Don’t know’: Ambivalence and ambiguity in the narratives of young people about having acne
Authors: McNiven Abi
Published: March 2018

The popular characterisation of acne as a mundane and insignificant feature of adolescence sits at odds with academic studies showing the detrimental impacts of the condition on people of various ages. Drawing from in-depth qualitative interviews with 13- to 25-year olds living in England, this article will consider some of the tensions between two messages about acne through the ambiguities in young people’s narratives. Consistent with existing literature on skin conditions and visual differences more broadly, participants in the study recounted ways in which acne negatively shaped their lives socially and emotionally. However, there were topics around which participants’ accounts held nuances and complications, in relation to: understandings held about acne causes; uncertainty as to whether acne was a medical concern/problem; and comparisons to other people’s acne or broader health experiences. In attending to these aspects, this article will explore how different and potentially conflicting meanings are negotiated by young people, producing ambiguous and ambivalent experiential accounts about living with acne.
Health promotion in context: A reflective-analytical model
Authors: Liveng Anne , Andersen Heidi Myglegård , Lehn-Christiansen Sine
Published: March 2018

Health promotion constitutes a complex field of study, as it addresses multifaceted problems and involves a range of methods and theories. Students in the field of health promotion can find this challenging. To raise their level of reflexivity and support learning we have developed the “context model,” which is presented in this article. The model provides a framework for the analysis of health-promotion initiatives, employing eight perspectives each intertwined with the others. It is based on the assumption that health and health inequities are contextual and that the theoretically inspired understanding of contexts is central for health promoters. Contexts for health are seen as more than the local setting; they are embedded in societal and global conditions—which, vice versa, influence the local setting. A Danish community health project is used to exemplify how the model can be used in relation to educational purposes.
Individual and school-class correlates of youth cannabis use in Sweden
Authors: Karlsson Patrik , Ekendahl Mats , Gripe Isabella , Raninen Jonas
Published: March 2018

Background and aims:

The school-class context is a crucial social environment for young people but substance use researchers have largely overlooked potential influences operating at this level. This study explores associations between school-class and individual-level factors and cannabis use in Swedish youth.

Data and methods:

Data comprised four waves (2012–2015) of the Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs’ (CAN) nationally representative school surveys among individuals in 9th and 11th grade. For the present analyses, we had data on totally 28,729 individuals from 2377 unique school classes. Multilevel logistic regressions predicted lifetime and 10+ times use of cannabis from both individual-level predictors and school-class-level measures derived from the individual-level variables.

Results:

There were individual-level associations between most predictor variables and cannabis use. An early debut of tobacco use and binge drinking as well as low cannabis related risk perceptions had strong associations with cannabis use. Conversely, several school-class-level variables had aggregate relationships with cannabis use, most notably the overall level of risk perceptions in the school class. Some of the school-class factors predicted cannabis use over and above the individual-level covariates, suggesting the presence of contextual effects. Surprisingly, while female gender was negatively related with cannabis use at the individual level, a higher proportion of females in the classroom increased the odds for lifetime cannabis use even after controlling for individual and other contextual-level covariates.

Conclusions:

Youth cannabis use is related to various factors at both the individual and school-class level in Sweden. Truancy and perceived risk related to cannabis use had contextual associations with cannabis use. The positive contextual association between a higher proportion of females in the classroom and lifetime use should be explored further.
The Feasibility of Classifying Breast Masses Using a Computer-Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) System Based on Ultrasound Elastography and BI-RADS Lexicon
Authors: Fleury Eduardo F. C. , Gianini Ana Claudia , Marcomini Karem , Oliveira Vilmar
Published: March 2018

Objectives:

To determine the applicability of a computer-aided diagnostic system strain elastography system for the classification of breast masses diagnosed by ultrasound and scored using the criteria proposed by the breast imaging and reporting data system ultrasound lexicon and to determine the diagnostic accuracy and interobserver variability.

Methods:

This prospective study was conducted between March 1, 2016, and May 30, 2016. A total of 83 breast masses subjected to percutaneous biopsy were included. Ultrasound elastography images before biopsy were interpreted by 3 radiologists with and without the aid of computer-aided diagnostic system for strain elastography. The parameters evaluated by each radiologist results were sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy, with and without computer-aided diagnostic system for strain elastography. Interobserver variability was assessed using a weighted κ test and an intraclass correlation coefficient. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were also calculated.

Results:

The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.835, 0.801, and 0.765 for readers 1, 2, and 3, respectively, without computer-aided diagnostic system for strain elastography, and 0.900, 0.926, and 0.868, respectively, with computer-aided diagnostic system for strain elastography. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the 3 readers was 0.6713 without computer-aided diagnostic system for strain elastography and 0.811 with computer-aided diagnostic system for strain elastography.

Conclusion:

The proposed computer-aided diagnostic system for strain elastography system has the potential to improve the diagnostic performance of radiologists in breast examination using ultrasound associated with elastography.
Do Components of Explicit Instruction Explain the Differential Effectiveness of a Core Mathematics Program for Kindergarten Students With Mathematics Difficulties? A Mediated Moderation Analysis
Authors: Doabler Christian T. , Stoolmiller Mike , Kennedy Patrick C. , Nelson Nancy J. , Clarke Ben , Gearin Brian , Fien Hank , Smolkowski Keith , Baker Scott K.
Published: March 2018

A growing body of research suggests that the effects of core mathematics instruction on student mathematics outcomes may not be uniform across different skill levels in mathematics. This study investigated the extent to which observed components of explicit mathematics instruction explained why students’ initial mathematics achievement was previously found to moderate the treatment impact of an empirically validated, core kindergarten mathematics program. Instructional components examined were as follows: (a) teacher demonstrations and explanations of mathematical concepts, (b) group and individual student practice opportunities, and (c) teacher-delivered academic feedback. Findings suggest that the rate in which teachers facilitated individual student practice opportunities during core mathematics instruction explained the program’s differential effectiveness. Implications in terms of differentiating practice opportunities for at-risk learners and utilizing classroom observation data to test potential mediating variables of academic interventions are discussed.
Endovascular Approach for Management of Bullet Embolization to the Heart
Authors: Mojtahedi Alireza , Contractor Sohail , Kisza Piotr S.
Published: March 2018

Bullet embolization to the right heart through the vasculature is seen infrequently in cases presenting with penetrating trauma. Patients with unstable hemodynamic status are managed operatively. For a patient with stable hemodynamic parameters, diagnostic evaluation such as computed tomography angiogram, echocardiogram, or angiography could be performed to select the best treatment option. Endovascular treatment is employed infrequently in these cases but can be a viable option for select patients. We present a case of a bullet embolus to the right ventricle treated successfully with endovascular approach and discuss the technical aspects of this approach.
Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm in Hyper-IgE Syndrome: Rare Complication With Successful Endovascular Management
Authors: Sharma Arun , Kumar Sanjeev , Jagia Priya
Published: March 2018

Hyper-IgE syndrome also known as Job syndrome is characterized by elevation of circulating immunoglobulin (IgE) levels and is usually associated with recurrent bacterial infections of the skin and sinopulmonary tract. Though bacterial pulmonary abscess and pneumatocele formation have been described, pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm in Job syndrome has not been reported in literature. Our report describes a case of large pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm in a child with Job syndrome, who presented with massive hemoptysis. Emergent endovascular management was performed with percutaneous coil occlusion of the feeding artery.
Impact of atrial fibrillation on inpatient cost for ischemic stroke in the USA
Authors: Mukherjee Kumar , Kamal Khalid M
Published: March 2018

Background

Atrial fibrillation is a significant risk factor for ischemic stroke and increases cost of treatment.

Aims

To estimate the incremental inpatient cost and length of stay due to atrial fibrillation among adults hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke after controlling for sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics in a nationally representative discharge record of US population.

Methods

Hospital discharge records with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke were identified from the National Inpatient Sample data for the years 2010–2013. Generalized linear model with log link and least-square means were utilized to estimate the incremental inpatient cost and length of stay in ischemic stroke due to atrial fibrillation after controlling for sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics.

Results

Among 434,544 hospital discharge records with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke, 90,190 (20.76%) discharge records had a secondary diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. The average inpatient cost for all discharge records with a primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke was (mean = $13,072, median = $9270.87) significantly (p < 0.0001) higher compared to all discharge records without ischemic stroke (mean = $12,543.07, median = $7517.13). The mean length of stay for all records was 4.55 days (95% CI = 4.53–4.56). Among those identified with ischemic stroke, adjusted mean inpatient cost was higher by $2829 (95% CI = $2708–$2949) and mean length of stay was greater by 0.85 (95% CI = 0.81–0.89) for those with atrial fibrillation compared to those without.

Conclusions

The presence of atrial fibrillation was associated with increased inpatient cost and length of stay among patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Increased inpatient cost and length of stay call for a more comprehensive patient care approach including targeted interventions among adults diagnosed with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation, which could potentially reduce the overall cost in this population.
Assessment of the efficacy of repeated instillations of mitomycin C mixed with a thermosensitive hydrogel in an orthotopic rat bladder cancer model
Authors: van Valenberg F. Johannes P. , Strauss-Ayali Dalit , Agmon-Gerstein Yael , Friedman Astar , Arentsen Harm C. , Schaafsma H. Ewout , Witjes J. Alfred , Oosterwijk Egbert
Published: March 2018

Background:

We investigated a thermoreversible hydrogel that is highly viscous at body temperature, while fluid-like at a low temperature, thus aiming for a slow and prolonged intravesical drug release. Our study purposed to assess antitumor efficacy of mitomycin C (MMC) mixed with hydrogel in an orthotopic rat bladder cancer model.

Methods:

Bladders of female Fischer F344 rats were grafted with 1.5 × 106 AY-27 urothelial carcinoma cells. On day 5, tumor presence was assessed by cystoscopy and rats were divided into six groups (five treatment, one control, n = 10/group). Intravesical treatments (0.5 mg or 1 mg MMC-H2O or MMC-hydrogel, or 2 mg MMC-hydrogel) were administered on days 5, 8 and 11. Rats were sacrificed at day 14 and bladders were evaluated.

Results:

Rats with tumor at cystoscopy (47/60) were evaluated for efficacy. At necropsy, all control animals (8/8) had tumors. No microscopic tumors were present in the 0.5 mg and 1 mg MMC-hydrogel groups compared with 2/8 and 1/8 rats in the 0.5 mg and 1 mg MMC-H2O groups ( p = 0.47 and p = 1.00, respectively). Greater toxicity was seen in animals treated with MMC-hydrogel compared with MMC-H2O, as demonstrated by lower body weights at necropsy ( p = 0.000) and a tendency for more severe clinical signs in the 1 and 2 mg MMC-hydrogel groups. Rats that died prematurely received 1 mg (4/10) or 2 mg (9/10) of MMC-hydrogel.

Conclusions:

Under the current model conditions it is unclear whether instillation of MMC-hydrogel is more effective than MMC-H2O. Nonetheless, the observed difference in toxicity, acting as a surrogate marker for systemic MMC exposure in the MMC-hydrogel-treated rats, supports the prolonged drug release mechanism of the hydrogel.
An elderly patient’s complete response to steroid therapy for collagenous gastritis
Authors: Lim Huei-Wen , Wong Benny Yiu , Elkowitz David , Sultan Keith
Published: March 2018

An 85-year-old woman presented with 9.1 kg (20 lb) weight loss over 5 months and an acute onset crampy abdominal pain. Examination revealed a diffusely tender abdomen, with gastric wall thickening noted on CT scan. Upper endoscopy showed diffuse severe erythema and friability. Histologic examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed collagenous gastritis characterized by active chronic inflammation with sub-epithelial collagen deposition and erosion. The patient was started on steroid therapy with rapid clinical improvement and tapered off over 2.5 months. At 6 months, the patient reported an improved appetite with resolution of her abdominal pain. Repeat endoscopy revealed a grossly normal stomach and normal mucosal biopsies. She remains without complaints 1 year later. Collagenous gastritis, rare in the elderly, is a histologic diagnosis characterized by the deposition of a sub-epithelial collagen band thicker than 10 µm with an inflammatory infiltrate. In all ages the mucosa typically appears nodular and erythematous, caused by an uneven inflammation in the surrounding depressed mucosa with atrophic changes. Specific therapy has not been well-established, and the prognosis and potential for endoscopic or histological resolution remains unclear. While anecdotal, the success of steroids may offer a reasonable starting point for treatment of similar cases.
Predictors and Associates of Problem–Reaction–Solution: Statistical Bias, Emotion-Based Reasoning, and Belief in the Paranormal
Authors: Drinkwater Kenneth , Dagnall Neil , Denovan Andrew , Parker Andrew , Clough Peter
Published: March 2018

Major conspiracy theorists propose that problem–reaction–solution (PRS) functions as a mechanism for constructing and exaggerating social problems to garner populist support for the implementation (imposition) of laws that society would normally deem unacceptable. To evaluate this supposition, 248 participants recruited through convenience sampling, completed measures assessing PRS, statistical bias, emotion-based reasoning (EBR), and belief in the paranormal. Structural equation modeling revealed differential relationships existed between components of statistical bias, EBR, and belief endorsement (PRS and paranormal). Specifically, proneness to conjunction error predicted PRS, whereas misperception of randomness and to an extent EBR best explained belief in the paranormal. These results indicated that respondents were willing to accept PRS scenarios as legitimate and validate PRS-proposed solutions based on rational rather than emotional appeal.
Minimally Invasive Far Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Doria Carlo , Balsano Massimo , Rampal Virginie , Solla Federico
Published: March 2018

Study Design:

Prospective cohort study.

Objectives:

To assess rate and degree of interbody bone fusion and evolution in Oswestry Disability index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) of pain after minimally invasive far lateral lumbar interbody fusion.

Methods:

Twenty-three patients with single-level lumbar instability or degenerative disc were treated by this method and prospectively included. VAS of pain and ODI were evaluated preoperatively and at last follow-up. Computed tomography scan was performed 6 months after surgery to assess interbody fusion.

Results:

Between preoperative and 2 years postoperative follow-up, mean VAS decreased by 2.4 points ( P < .001); mean ODI improved by 21.8% ( P < .001). Computed tomography scan showed fusion in all patients but one. No severe complications were observed.

Conclusions:

Minimally invasive far lateral lumbar interbody fusion resulted in satisfactory clinical and radiological results.
Differences in Cross-Sectional Intervertebral Foraminal Area From C3 to C7
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , Abola Matthew V. , Gordon Zachary L. , Seiler John G. , Marcus Randall E. , Liu Raymond W.
Published: March 2018

Study Design:

Anatomical comparative study.

Objectives:

Few studies have evaluated foraminal areas in the cervical spine without degenerative changes. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the mean cross-sectional foraminal areas between the C3/4, C4/5, C5/6, and C6/7 levels while also analyzing specimens for differences between sexes and races.

Methods:

We performed an anatomic study of the intervertebral foramen at 4 levels (C3/4, C4/5, C5/6, C6/7) in 100 skeletally mature osseous specimens. Specimens were selected to obtain equal number of African American and Caucasian males and females (n = 25/group) aged 20 to 40 years at time of death. Foramina were photographed bilaterally with and without a silicone rubber disc. The maximal vertical height and mid-sagittal width of each foramen were digitally measured and the areas were calculated using an ellipse as a model.

Results:

The average age at death for all specimens was 30 ± 6 years. The mean cross-sectional area of the C4/5 foramen was significantly smaller compared with the C5/6 ( P < .001). C5/6 was significantly narrower than C6/7 ( P < .001) foramen with and without disc augmentation. C3/4 was not significantly different from more caudal levels. There was no difference between male and female specimens, while African Americans had smaller foraminal sizes than Caucasians.

Conclusions:

This study provides the largest anatomical reference of the cervical intervertebral foramen. In a mature spine without facet joint hypertrophy or osteophytic changes, the C4/5 foramen was narrower than C5/6, which was narrower than C6/7. Understanding the relative foraminal areas in the nonpathological cervical spine is crucial to understanding degenerative changes as well as the anatomical changes in pathologies that affect the intervertebral foramen.
Development and application of the network weight matrix to predict traffic flow for congested and uncongested conditions
Authors: Ermagun Alireza , Levinson David M
Published: March 2018

To capture network dependence between traffic links, we introduce two distinct network weight matrices ([Formula: see text]), which replace spatial weight matrices used in traffic forecasting methods. The first stands on the notion of betweenness centrality and link vulnerability in traffic networks. To derive this matrix, we use an unweighted betweenness method and assume all traffic flow is assigned to the shortest path. The other relies on flow rate change in traffic links. For forming this matrix, we use the flow information of traffic links and employ user equilibrium assignment and the method of successive averages algorithm to solve the network. The components of the network weight matrices are a function not simply of adjacency, but of network topology, network structure, and demand configuration. We test and compare the network weight matrices in different traffic conditions using the Nguyen–Dupuis network. The results lead to a conclusion that the network weight matrices operate better than traditional spatial weight matrices. Comparing the unweighted and flow-weighted network weight matrices, we also reveal that the assigned flow network weight matrices perform two times better than a betweenness network weight matrix, particularly in congested traffic conditions.
27-Hydroxycholesterol Is an Estrogen Receptor β–Selective Negative Allosteric Modifier of 17β-Estradiol Binding
Authors: Starkey Nicholas J E , Li Yufei , Drenkhahn-Weinaug Sara K , Liu Jinghua , Lubahn Dennis B
Published: March 2018

Estrogens bind to two nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, ERα and ERβ, which are expressed in differing amounts in various tissues. The endogenous estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), binds to both subtypes with nearly equal affinity and is the prototypical agonist. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) may bind to both subtypes with equivalent affinities but have agonist activities in some tissues while having antagonist activities in others. In the present study, we demonstrate that the first reported endogenous SERM, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC), binds preferentially (>100-fold) to ERβ over ERα. Furthermore, 27-OHC is not able to fully compete with E2 binding, suggesting the two may bind at different sites. We provide an allosteric ternary complex model for the simultaneous binding of 27-OHC and E2 to ERβ, which accurately describes the binding data we have observed. We conclude that 27-OHC is a negative allosteric modifier of E2 binding, with an inhibitor constantof 50 nM and cooperativity factor (α) of 0.036. We also propose an in silico three-dimensional model of the simultaneous binding to guide future experiments. Further study of this unique binding model may allow for the discovery of novel ERβ-selective ligands and potentially explain the lack of effectiveness of ERβ-selective agonists in humans vs preclinical models.
Twenty Years of Collaboration Between Belgium and Benin in Training Anesthesiologists for Africa
Authors: Zoumenou Eugène , Chobli Martin , le Polain de Waroux Bernard , Baele Philippe Louis
Published: March 2018

Belgium has been collaborating for 20 years with Abomey-Calavi University in Cotonou, Republic of Benin, to train anesthesiologists for Sub-Saharan, French-speaking African countries. With 123 graduates from 15 countries and 46 residents still in training, this program has succeeded in reversing the trend of a decreasing anesthesiology workforce in those countries, thus improving the quality of anesthesia and patient safety. Belgian government sources, as well as hospitals and anesthesia teams, provided most of the financial resources. Reasons for success, positive outcomes, and shortcomings are discussed, as well as future perspectives and threats. Failure to enroll enough female residents (15%) and brain drain (18% of alumni) are of concern. Alumni are capable of importing and adapting modern technology and practice. Graduates increase the impact of the Cotonou program by getting involved in teaching nonphysician anesthesia providers and by supporting new anesthesiology training programs being launched in several countries. Other African countries with training programs, by following this example, could accelerate anesthesiology progress by accepting foreign residents from the region. The role of anesthesiologists as anesthesia team leaders must be better defined, and residency training programs adapted accordingly. Continuing international support remains of critical importance, especially in the form of resident rotations to high-income countries. The development of structured anesthesiology programs should be encouraged by African governments as developing anesthesia is a prerequisite for surgical development in every discipline.
The teneurin C-terminal domain possesses nuclease activity and is apoptogenic
Authors: Ferralli Jacqueline , Tucker Richard P. , Chiquet-Ehrismann Ruth
Published: March 2018

Teneurins are type 2 transmembrane proteins expressed by developing neurons during periods of synaptogenesis and apoptosis. Neurons expressing teneurin-1 synapse with other teneurin-1-expressing neurons, and neurons expressing teneurin-2 synapse with other teneurin-2-expressing neurons. Knockdowns and mutations of teneurins lead to abnormal neuronal connections, but the mechanisms underlying teneurin action remain unknown. Teneurins appear to have evolved via horizontal gene transfer from prokaryotic proteins involved in bacterial self-recognition. The bacterial teneurin-like proteins contain a cytotoxic C-terminal domain that is encapsulated in a tyrosine-aspartic acid repeat barrel. Teneurins are likely to be organized in the same way, but it is unclear if the C-terminal domains of teneurins have cytotoxic properties. Here we show that expression of teneurin C-terminal domains or the addition of purified teneurin C-terminal domains leads to an increase in apoptosis in vitro. The C-terminal domains of teneurins are most similar to bacterial nucleases, and purified C-terminal domains of teneurins linearize pcDNA3 and hydrolyze mitochondrial DNA. We hypothesize that yet to be identified stimuli lead to the release of the encapsulated teneurin C-terminal domain into the intersynaptic region, resulting in programmed cell death or the disruption of mitochondrial DNA and the subsequent pruning of inappropriate contacts.
Parallel assembly of actin and tropomyosin, but not myosin II, during de novo actin filament formation in live mice
Authors: Masedunskas Andrius , Appaduray Mark A. , Lucas Christine A. , Lastra Cagigas María , Heydecker Marco , Holliday Mira , Meiring Joyce C. M. , Hook Jeff , Kee Anthony , White Melissa , Thomas Paul , Zhang Yingfan , Adelstein Robert S. , Meckel Tobias , Böcking Till , Weigert Roberto , Bryce Nicole S. , Gunning Peter W. , Hardeman Edna C.
Published: March 2018

Many actin filaments in animal cells are co-polymers of actin and tropomyosin. In many cases, non-muscle myosin II associates with these co-polymers to establish a contractile network. However, the temporal relationship of these three proteins in the de novo assembly of actin filaments is not known. Intravital subcellular microscopy of secretory granule exocytosis allows the visualisation and quantification of the formation of an actin scaffold in real time, with the added advantage that it occurs in a living mammal under physiological conditions. We used this model system to investigate the de novo assembly of actin, tropomyosin Tpm3.1 (a short isoform of TPM3) and myosin IIA (the form of non-muscle myosin II with its heavy chain encoded by Myh9) on secretory granules in mouse salivary glands. Blocking actin polymerization with cytochalasin D revealed that Tpm3.1 assembly is dependent on actin assembly. We used time-lapse imaging to determine the timing of the appearance of the actin filament reporter LifeAct–RFP and of Tpm3.1–mNeonGreen on secretory granules in LifeAct–RFP transgenic, Tpm3.1–mNeonGreen and myosin IIA–GFP (GFP-tagged MYH9) knock-in mice. Our findings are consistent with the addition of tropomyosin to actin filaments shortly after the initiation of actin filament nucleation, followed by myosin IIA recruitment.
Stereoisomerism and Structures of Rigid Cylindrical Cycloarylenes
Authors: Sun Zhe , Matsuno Taisuke , Isobe Hiroyuki
Published: March 2018

Stereoisomerism is one of the most fundamental and indispensable notions in chemistry. We have recently found that a novel form of stereoisomerism emerges in cycloarylenes, cyclic arrays of aromatic panels. Structural rigidity that is a precondition for chirality has been realized in an unconventional manner with the cyclic structures, which gives rise to unique cyclostereoisomerism affording diastereomers and enantiomers. In this account, structural chemistry of cylindrical cycloarylenes synthesized in our group will be reviewed with an emphasis on stereochemistry. The relevant studies in this new field will deepen our understanding of the fundamental structural chemistry of finite single-wall carbon nanotube molecules.
Recent advances in understanding West Nile virus host immunity and viral pathogenesis
Authors: Luo Huanle , Wang Tian
Published: March 2018

West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has been a significant public health concern in the United States for nearly two decades. The virus has been linked to acute viral encephalitis, neurological sequelae, and chronic kidney diseases. Neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are currently available for humans. In vitro cell culture and experimental animal models have been used to study WNV infection in humans. In this review, we will focus on recent findings and provide new insights into WNV host immunity and viral pathogenesis.
Did it work? An update on the costs and benefits of the transition to digital TV in Australia
Authors: Given Jock
Published: March 2018

This article re-evaluates Australia’s transition to digital television. Earlier analysis in this journal, conducted after about a third of the vacated digital dividend spectrum remained unsold following an auction in 2013, found the whole policy had resulted in a net cost to government revenues. After a further auction in 2017 where the remaining spectrum was sold at much higher prices (A$/MHz/pop), this article repeats the evaluation. It finds that digital switchover, now virtually complete, has produced a significant net increase in government revenues. Other conclusions from the original article about the complexity and difficulty of ex ante cost–benefit analysis, the influence of industry structure, and the capacity of government to plan and complete a large spectrum re-farming project, despite contested and shifting ideas about the purpose of the whole project, are confirmed and emphasized.
The effect of a birthplace decision support tool on women’s decision-making and information gathering behaviours during pregnancy: mybirthplace study protocol
Authors: Wiggins Daisy , Hundley Vanora A. , Wilkins Carol , Bond Carol , Walton Gill
Published: March 2018

Background

The Maternity Review for England highlighted the need for more accessible information to support decisions. This study assesses the effect of a decision support tool (DST) on women’s decision-making regarding birthplace.

Methods

A mixed method sequential exploratory design involving three phases and 169 women from a large UK maternity hospital. Phase one: A questionnaire survey pre and post-access to the DST examining knowledge level and stages of decision-making scale. Phase 2: Follow-up questionnaire at 28 weeks to enable the usefulness of Mybirthplace to be evaluated. Phase 3: Qualitative interviews with 10 purposely chosen women at 36 weeks gestation. Collection of data on actual birthplace.

Discussion

This study is the first to assess the effect of a DST in supporting women’s choice of place of birth.
Hepatotoksisitas pada Anak Penderita Human Immunodeficiency Virus di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung
Authors: Siska Lidiya , Suardi Adi Utomo , Alam Aggraini
Published: March 2018

Latar belakang. Gangguan hati merupakan masalah pada pasien HIV. Sebagian besar pasien HIV dengan gangguan hati tidak menunjukkan gejala sehingga gangguan hati baru diketahui saat pemeriksaan enzim hati.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor yang berhubungan dengan hepatotoksisitas pada anak pasien HIV di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin BandungMetode. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 52 anak HIV. Dilakukan pengambilan data demografis, antropometri serta pemeriksaan CD4 dengan metode flow cytometri, SGOT dan SGPT dengan metode spektrofotometri UV dengan pyridoxal-5-phosphate. Data yang didapat kemudian dianalisis dengan uji chi square, Fisher exact dan Mann Whitney.Hasil. Usia rata-rata pasien pada penelitian ini yaitu 8,2±3,5 tahun. Dua puluh delapan (54%) subjek penelitian berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Kadar median SGOT, yaitu 28 U/L (15‒49 U/L) dan median SGPT yaitu 21 U/L (6‒47 U/L). Sebanyak 7 Anak (14%) subjek penelitian didapatkan hepatotoksisitas ringan dengan nilai fungsi hati 1,25‒2,5 kali batas atas normal. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan hepatotoksisitas tidak berbeda bermakna.Kesimpulan. Pada anak pasien HIV didapatkan angka kejadian gangguan fungsi hati 14%. Tidak terdapat hubungan kejadian hepatotoksisitas dengan faktor lama terapi antiretroviral, stadium klinis, derajat imunodefisiensi, jenis antiretroviral, terapi kotrimoksazol, terapi antituberkulosis, dan kadar CD4.
Potential use of BIM for automated updating of building materials values
Authors: Jacoski Claudio Alcides , Machado Hoffmeister Lissandro
Published: March 2018

This study proposes an artifact motivated by improved assertiveness in building design budgets. Building Information Modeling (BIM), with the structure of the parametric objects created in a file format with the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) extension, can provide the data for the object, facilitating the design's control and monitoring process. Through the adoption of the IFC standard in the creation of these objects, the exchange of information between the tools of different software providers becomes viable, allowing interoperability between systems. This is a desired situation in the construction industry, which incurs significant losses due to this problem. An important condition that can significantly contribute to the update of the information of the objects and the budget process is the incorporation of the possibility of updating the value information (price) of the BIM objects that are shared in repositories (object libraries). In this context, this study presents an alternative to updating and retrieving the values of BIM objects based on the IFC standard. An artifact (web environment) was produced linked to a model to meet the proposed objective. This method is presented by computing services, enabling the automated retrieval of the object value between the owners, the price repository and also the designers. The performed tests reveal the practicality of its implementation, with no extensive knowledge of the IFC structure being necessary. It suffices to simply follow the fill out pattern of the custom properties in IFC, defined during the creation of the object. The submission of the construction design to the repository allows for the retrieval of the values and the quantification of objects present in the design. This process is carried out in a simple manner, maintaining the synchrony and traceability of the object with the designer and the owners of the objects making up the architectural and complementary design.
Workers, producers and the creative experience
Authors: Itani Alice , Rei Fernando
Published: March 2018

Creative activities assume a measure of importance within what is known as the creative economy. Little is known, however, about the challenges and prospects that present themselves to those who work in those activities that are considered to be creative. The objective of this paper is to analyze workers' experiences, especially in individual projects. Statements were taken from workers who have already worked in companies. The experiences of these workers were analyzed on the basis of what they express in relation to the items: their relationship with the activity, the product, or the result of the work; their relationship with the time and value of the work; their understanding of creation; their possibility for creating; their mastery of the work process; and their understanding of the work process. It was found that the women in the cases chosen are highly trained for developing their particular activity and have a relationship with it that is highly positive. They recognize that their activity is of value to society. The value of the work, however, is related to the time spent on the activity, which has not been remunerated for a long time. There are challenges for those who depend on the time taken to sell the product, a process that is carried out with little support. Everyone masters and understands the work process undertaken in the activity, and they identify the product, or the result of their work. They realize that there are many possibilities for creation. Even when an idea has been developed before, there is the possibility of innovating.
Application of Nanotechnology in Modern Textiles: A Review
Authors: Hosne Asif A.K.M. Ayatullah , Hasan Md. Zayedul
Published: March 2018

Nanotechnology is considered as one of the most promising technologies for the 21st century. Nanoscience along with
nanotechnology encompasses the study and application of very small things and can be used across all the other
science fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering. This technology overcomes the
drawback of applying traditional methods to impart certain properties to textile materials. There is no hesitation
that in the upcoming years, nanotechnology will break through into every vicinity of the textile industry. Application
of nanotechnology in modern textile lies in areas where innovative principles will be combined into long-lasting,
multifunctional textile structures without compromising the intrinsic textile properties including aesthetic,
breathability, flexibility etc. The current condition of nanotechnological use in textiles arena is reviewed with an
emphasis on improving various properties of textiles.