bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trend Analysis of Major Sexually Transmitted Infections in China , 1999-2018
Authors: Chunxia Han , Zisheng Ai
Published: November 2020

Background：The aim of our study was to analyze the trend changes and region distribution changes of three sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China and provided a scientific basis for the government to make prevention and control measures.Methods：This study used Joinpoint regression model to fit the morbidity data of three STIs in China from 1999 to 2018. Annual percentage change (APC) and Average annual percentage Change (AAPC) were calculated to evaluate the trend changes of three STIs. We also used hierarchical clustering analysis to analyze the region distribution of three STIs in China from 2003-2018.Results ：We analyzed the morbidity data of three STIs in 1999-2018 derived from China Health Statistics Yearbook. The final model of AIDS was the 3 Joinpoint model (P = 0.01) with an annual average percent change (AAPC) of 33.7 (95% CI: 26.1-41.8, P < 0.001). The final model of gonorrhea was the 1 Joinpoint model (P= 0.0025) with an annual average percent change (AAPC) of -4.9 (95% CI: -6.2- -3.6, P < 0.001). The final model of gonorrhea was the 1 Joinpoint model (P < 0.05) with an annual average percent change (AAPC) of 9.1 (95% CI:6.9-11.4, P < 0.001). The region distribution of the morbidity of three STIs mainly concentrated in the southeast coastal areas and Xinjiang, other areas showed low epidemic levels.Conclusions: In a word, the morbidity of three STIs in China is still increasing slowly, the form of prevention and control for STIs is still very severe, especially in coastal provinces and Xinjiang. Therefore, it is necessary to actively popularize knowledge related to STIDs, and carry out large-scale peer education, further reduce epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China.
Efficacy of Different Nucleoside Analog Rescue Therapies for Entecavir-Resistant Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Shang Jin , Zhou Juan , Liu Huan , Tu You , Ran Jinqiu , Bai Lang , Tang Hong
Published: November 2020

Background

Entecavir (ETV) is recommended as a first-line anti-HBV treatment. However, many chronic hepatitis B patients initiate anti-HBV treatment such as lamivudine and telbivudine with low genetic barriers in China, which leads to compensatory mutations and increases the rate of ETV resistance. The management of ETV resistance in China is an essential clinical issue.

Methods

Patients from 2011 to 2017 with nucleos(t)ide analog resistance were screened and 72 patients with ETV resistance were included. These patients received different rescue therapies including an ETV and adefovir (ADV) combination therapy group (n = 25), a tenofovir (TDF) monotherapy group (n = 27), and an ETV and TDF combination therapy group (n = 20). Virologic, biochemical, and serologic responses were compared among the three groups.

Results

The rate of ETV resistance increased form 6.04% in 2011 to 15.02% in 2017. Regarding the rates of negative HBV DNA at 48 weeks, no significant differences occurred in the TDF monotherapy and TDF combination groups (74.07% vs 70.00%), while the ETV and ADV group showed the worst virologic response (28.00%). TDF monotherapy and TDF combination therapy showed similar decline of HBV DNA at weeks 12, 24, and 48. There was no significant difference in the rates of HBeAg clearance, ALT normalization, and abnormal renal function between the three groups.

Conclusions

TDF monotherapy showed a comparable virologic response to TDF and ETV combination therapy and a better virologic response than ETV and ADV combination therapy. Thus, TDF monotherapy is the preferred rescue therapy for ETV resistance.
WITHDRAWN: Differentially directional selection on grain size genes identified by RapMap during rice domestication
Authors: Li Yibo , Zhang Juncheng , Zhang Dejian , Fan Yawei , Li Cuicui , Xu Pengkun , Li Wei , Sun Qi , Huang Xiaodong , Zhang Chunyu , Wu Linyue , Yang Huaizhou , Wang Shiyu , Su Xiao , Li Xingxing , Song Yingying , Wu Meng-en
Published: November 2020

The ability to identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) genes controlling natural variation of important traits would facilitate the construction of a bridge between gene function analyses and domestication investigations. Grain size in rice is an important yield, quality and domestication trait. The molecular architecture and domestication signatures of grain size at population level remain unknown. Here we first introduce RapMap, a method for rapid and high-throughput QTL mapping employing a series of F2 gradient populations (F2GPs) constructed by trait-adjacent accessions from diverse germplasms. A co-segregation standard is set for simultaneously integrating the three-in-one framework in RapMap: detecting a real QTL, confirming its effect and obtaining its near-isogenic line-like line (NIL-LL), which greatly enhances the efficiency and robustness of QTL identification. Using 15 gradient populations, eight genes including two novel genes (GL1 and GW5.1) with different effects for grain size in rice were simultaneously discovered by RapMap in three years, which make more than two thirds of genetic contributions to grain size and shape in a mini-core collection worldwide. In-depth analyses of the eight genes employing a large and geographically diverse population, including 446 wild, 2462 landrace and 784 cultivar accessions, revealed that directional artificial selection of slender- and long- grains and their alleles played an important role during indica rice domestication. The genetic effects of the eight grain-size genes positively correlate with the differential selection intensities and the nucleotide variation intensities. Major grain-size genes fixed before the completion of rice domestication have been heavily selected for human requirements and cultivation practices. Generalizable application of the method and mimicking of the domestication nature will accelerate breeding modern cultivars.
Improving Winter Growth in the Citrus Nursery with LED and HPS Supplemental Lighting
Authors: Bowman Kim D. , Albrecht Ute
Published: November 2020

Modern citrus nursery production makes use of potted-tree propagation in greenhouses. Supplemental lighting is one method by which nursery tree growth and profitability may be significantly improved, but limited specific information is available. Five replicated experiments were conducted to determine the utility and effects of increasing daylength during the winter months by supplemental illumination from light-emitting diode (LED) or high-pressure sodium (HPS) lights in citrus nursery propagation. Studies used ‘Valencia’ sweet orange scion, the most common citrus cultivar grown in Florida, and the commercially important rootstocks sour orange, ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin, ‘US-812’, ‘US-897’, ‘US-942’, and ‘US-1516’. Comparisons used the three common types of citrus rootstock propagation: seed, stem cuttings, and micropropagation. Six responses were measured in the lighting experiments, including vegetative growth before budding, scion bud survival, and scion bud growth after budding. Supplemental HPS or LED light to extend daylength to 16 h in the citrus nursery during short-day winter months was observed to be effective in increasing unbudded rootstock liner growth and ‘Valencia’ scion growth on all rootstocks and propagation types. Generally, the positive effect on vegetative growth from an increased daylength was stronger with the HPS light than with LED light, while increasing daylength with LED light, but not HPS light, provided some increased bud growth initiation. Use of HPS or LED supplemental lighting to extend daylength offers significant growth advantage for the citrus nursery industry in winter.
Herbal medicines: current use in the treatment of respiratory infections
Authors: Lazareva N. B. , Karnoukh K. I.
Published: November 2020

The article investigates the causes and mechanisms of coughing and the treatment choice. Phytotherapy has a special role in the treatment of acute respiratory infections. Biologically active substances of plants integrate into metabolic processes more naturally, treatment with herbal medicines is distinguished by better tolerance, lower frequency of side effects and complications. High biological activity and a wide therapeutic index (the relationship between toxic and therapeutic dosing) can also be designated as advantages of medicinal plants. The article presents research data showing the miscellaneous effects of herbal medicines on the pathogenesis of cough: sputum production, improving the drainage function of the bronchi, as well as antimicrobial effect. The article discusses the pharmacological properties of drugs containing combinations of herbal extracts as active ingredients: thyme, ivy and primrose. Thyme has anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial effects due to blocking the growth of various strains of bacteria and fungi. Ivy leaf extract is characterized by similar properties. Primrose root extract has expectorant, secretolytic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. It is important to note that the use of a combination of extracts provides a more significant clinical effect compared to the sum of the effects of the individual ingredients. A review of key clinical studies confirming the effectiveness of the use of combinations of thyme, ivy and primrose extracts (approved for medical use in the Russian Federation in the form of drugs Bronchipret and Bronchipret TP) in adults and children for cough and other symptoms of acute respiratory infections treatment. The compatibility of herbal medicines with other drugs for the treatment of respiratory pathology has been noted.
Respiratory viral infections and asthma exacerbations: new opportunities of omalizumab
Authors: Fassakhov R. S.
Published: November 2020

The literature review is devoted to the discussion of the role of respiratory viral infections in the development of exacerbations of bronchial asthma. Despite significant advances in the development of new approaches and means of treating bronchial asthma, an insufficient level of control of the disease remains, one of the consequences of which is an exacerbation of asthma, which causes significant damage both to the health of patients and leads to high costs of the healthcare system for treatment. The article provides data on the leading causal role in the development of exacerbations of bronchial asthma in children, as well as adult respiratory viruses, among which rhinoviruses are most often detected during exacerbations, especially rhinovirus C. Based on the research results, the mechanisms of predisposition of patients with bronchial asthma to virus-induced exacerbations are considered in detail., including at the gene level, associated both with the suppression of the production of cytokines suppressing the replication and spread of viruses, in particular alpha-interferon, and the stimulation of the production of T2 cytokines, such as IL5. An important role in the development of asthma exacerbations in viral infections of allergic sensitization is indicated, the role of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbations caused by viruses is discussed. The data on the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the formation of the pathological process in virusinduced exacerbations in patients with atopic bronchial asthma are presented. The results of studies obtained both in real clinical practice and in experimental rhinovirus infection in patients with asthma, testifying to the high therapeutic efficacy of the preparation of monoclonal antibodies against IgE – omalizumab – in the prevention and treatment of exacerbations of bronchial asthma caused by respiratory viruses are presented.
Acute bronchitis: clinical guidelines
Authors: Zaitsev A. A.
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the issues of epidemiology and pharmacotherapy of acute bronchitis in adults. Acute bronchitis is one of the most pressing challenges in modern pulmonology, which is associated with a high incidence reaching 30–40 ‰ every year. The data on the prevalence of the disease, current ideas on the etiology of acute bronchitis, and trends of pharmacotherapy are presented. Acute bronchitis is a disease of viral etiology and it is inappropriate to use antimicrobial drugs to treat this disease. The widespread use of antibiotics, on the contrary, is accompanied by several adverse events, increased cost of treatment and the rise of antibiotic resistance. A special attention is paid to the markers of inflammatory response such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, their role in deciding on the need for antibacterial therapy for this disease. The article provides a critical analysis of the options for using inhaled bronchodilators and steroids to treat acute bronchitis. The clinical picture of acute bronchitis may include an acute onset, the presence of symptoms caused by upper and lower respiratory events, symptoms of intoxication of varying severity. The primary symptom of acute bronchitis is a cough, which is usually productive, with the discharge of a small amount of mucous and, sometimes, purulent sputum. Among the recommended drugs to treat acute bronchitis are mucoactive drugs, as cough is the main symptom of this disease. The results of presented studies showed that the combination drugs had the most pronounced mucoactive effect in acute bronchitis. For example, a drug containing bromhexine hydrochloride, guaifenesin and salbutamol demonstrated greater efficacy in reducing the duration of cough than mucoactive drugs being compared in the study in patients with acute respiratory viral infections and a long history of smoking.
T2-associated diseases: focus on the comorbid patient
Authors: Kuzubova N. A. , Titova O. N.
Published: November 2020

T2-associated diseases are a group of heterogeneous immune-mediated diseases such as bronchial asthma (BA), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), atopic dermatitis (AD), based common pathogenetic mechanisms with the type 2 immune response (T2 inflammation). Interleukins 4 and 13 (IL-4, IL-13) play a key role in T2 inflammation, activating multiple mediators and types of cell, participating in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes and switching B-lymphocytes to the production of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), promote migration eosinophils in tissue and airway remodeling. Taking into account pathogenesis of the T2-related diseases and presence of comorbid diseases is a strategically important goal for the optimal targeted therapy. The article discusses the contemporary terminology of T2 inflammation, key cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases, biomarkers of T2 inflammation as criteria for proving T2 inflammation, the place of anti-IL-4/IL-13 targeted biological therapy in international Guidelines for the treatment of severe BA GINA 2020 and EACCI 2020 recommendations, the effect of dupilumab on such clinically significant outcomes as a decrease in the frequency of severe exacerbations and an improvement in lung function, a decrease in the need for oral glucocorticosteroids (GCS) in patients with BA, the evidence base for dupilumab in patients with CRSwNP and AD, as well as further promising research directions for use antiIL-4/IL-13 targeted therapy.
Antagonism between pneumococcal vaccines and COVID-19
Authors: Kostinov A. M. , Kostinov M. P. , Mashilov C. V.
Published: November 2020

The review examines the clinical and epidemiological links between COVID-19 and pneumonia. At the same time, both general patterns linking viral respiratory infections and bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract are discussed, as well as recent data relating directly to COVID-19. The clinical aspects of secondary infections, the peculiarities of their etiology, course and outcomes are analyzed separately. The publication provides a short essay on the history of the development of vaccines against pneumococcal infection. The current vaccines against pneumococcal infection are described, their brief characteristics and individual characteristics are given, their clinical and immunological advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The data on the effectiveness of vaccine prophylaxis using pneumococcal vaccine are presented. The specific and nonspecific effects of vaccine prophylaxis both at the population level and at the level of an individual organism as a whole and in particular when using vaccines against pneumococci are considered separately. Data on the putative biochemical and molecular mechanisms of these effects are presented. Based on the data presented, the need for the use of pneumococcal vaccines in the prevention of the spread of the SARS-Cov2 virus, the prevention of complications of COVID-19 and the rehabilitation of patients who have undergone this infection is substantiated. When considering the role of pneumococcal vaccines in the rehabilitation of patients who have undergone COVID-19, their potential is analyzed both in accelerating the restoration of the normal functioning of the immune system and in the prevention of superinfections. The ways of further research in this direction are outlined, which include the development of protocols for certain groups of patients with concomitant diseases and immuno-compromised contingents. In this direction, the role of a thorough and comprehensive study of the immunological and clinical indicators of this category of persons is emphasized.
Vnukology Is the Key to a Healthy Longevity
Authors: Palamonov Igor Iurevich , Palamonova Tatiana Vladimirovna
Published: November 2020

The article substantiates the effectiveness of online trainings on the development of communication skills with grandchildren for grandparents. The author describes the means based on the authorial methods of forming the value of their own lives among adolescents and the skills of managing their own thoughts.
OSI-027 Alleviates Oxaliplatin Chemoresistance in Gastric Cancer Cells by Suppressing P-gp Induction
Authors: Xu En , Zhu Hao , Wang Feng , Miao Ji , Du Shangce , Zheng Chang , Wang Xingzhou , Li Zijian , Xu Feng , Xia Xuefeng , Guan Wenxian
Published: November 2020

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the
third leading cause of cancer-related death. In the present study, we investigated the
potential activity of OSI-027, a potent and selective mammalian target of rapamycin
complex 1/2 (mTOR1/2) dual inhibitor, alone or in combination with oxaliplatin against
gastric cancer cells in vitro. Cell counting kit-8 assays and EdU staining were performed
to examine the proliferation of cancer cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by
flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the elements of the mTOR pathway and
P-gp in gastric cancer cell lines. OSI-027 inhibited the proliferation of MKN-45 and AGS
cells by arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. At the molecular level, OSI-027
simultaneously blocked mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation, and resulted in the
downregulation of phosphor-Akt, phpspho-p70S6k, phosphor-4EBP1, cyclin D1, and
cyclin-dependent kinase4 (CDK4). Additionally, OSI-027 also downregulated P-gp,
which enhanced oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis and suppressed multidrug resistance.
Moreover, OSI-027 exhibited synergistic cytotoxic effects with oxaliplatin in vitro, while a
P-gp siRNA knockdown significantly inhibited the synergistic effect. In summary, our
results suggest that dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors (e.g., OSI-027) should be further
investigated as a potentially valuable treatment for gastric cancer.
Targeting Tumor-derived Exosomes Expressing CD73: New Opportunities in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Nooshabadi Vajihe T. , Arab Samaneh
Published: November 2020

Tumor-derived exosomes contain biological contents such as proteins, lipids,
RNA (miRNAs, mRNAs, lncRNA), and DNA for intracellular communication. Meanwhile,
studies have shown the role of exosomes in cancer progression, metastasis, and
therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, tumor exosomes have received growing attention
due to their potential as novel therapeutic protocols for the treatment of cancers.
Adenosine nucleoside, which is a derivative of ATP, is highly elevated in the tumor
microenvironment by CD39 and CD73 enzymatic activity. Recently, it is distinguished
that cancer cell-derived exosomes carry CD39 and CD73 on their surface and may
contribute to rising adenosine levels in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we
summarize the evidence of CD39/CD73-bearing exosomes and their role in cancer
development, progression, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis and their application in
the selection of the appropriate strategy to treat different types of cancer.
Concomitant Expression of Inhibitory Molecules for T cell Activation Predicts Poor Survival in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zhijun , Cao Kexin , Zhang Jinghang , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Lu Liaoxun , Qi Bo , Shi Lijin , Huang Rong , Zhao Song
Published: November 2020

Background:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a major subtype of
esophageal cancers. The five-year survival rate of ESCC is low, and molecular targets for ESCC
treatment and prognosis assessment are very limited. T cells are critical for the clearance of cancer
cells, and blockade of co-inhibitory molecules for T cell activation has emerged as a promising therapy
to treat cancer patients. However, in ESCC patients, co-inhibitory molecules regulating T cell
activation are poorly documented.

Objective:

We aim to evaluate how the presence of inhibitory check-point molecules in T cells
could impact the survival of patients.

Methods:

We performed a follow-up study of 161 patients undergoing resection of esophageal carcinoma
from February 2014 to December 2015, by immunohistochemical staining of six co-inhibitory
molecules for T cell activation, namely PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, BTLA and A2AR. Expression
of each of the six co-inhibitory molecules was analyzed for its correlation with patient survival
by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We also applied Kaplan-Meier analyses to evaluate the
concomitant expression of co-inhibitory molecules and their correlation with patient survival.

Results:

We found that levels of PD-1, TIM-3 and BTLA can be used as independent prognostic
factors for the overall survival of patients with ESCC. More importantly, our study found that the
co-expression of PD-1 and TIM-3, PD-1 and BTLA, TIM-3 and BTLA significantly reduced the
survival of patients with ESCC (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

Therefore, our results suggest the necessity of evaluating the tumor tissue expression
of co-inhibitory molecules and targeting co-expressed molecules in immunotherapies for ESCC patients.
Enhanced Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm with Modified Memeplexes
Authors: Sharma Tarun Kumar , Abraham Ajith , Rajpurohit Jitendra
Published: November 2020

Aims:

To design a new variant of the Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm in which memeplexes
formation is modified with a new strategy.

Background:

Shuffled Frog Leaping (SFL) is a memetic meta-heuristic algorithm that inherits two
other algorithms’ features. Its intensification component of search is similar to Particle Swarm Optimization,
while the inspiration for diversification is inherited from the global exchange of information
in Shuffled Complex Evolution. A basic variant has been applied to solve many optimisation problems.
SFLA suffers from a slow acceleration rate.

Objective:

To propose a robust hybrid SFLA that accelerates convergence.

Methods:

Two modifications are proposed in the structure of basic SFLA. Firstly, memeplexes formation
is modified to handle continuous optimization problems. Secondly, in the basic SFL algorithm,
the position of the worst frog is improved by moving it towards the best frog in the respective memeplex.
With the progress of execution, the difference between best and worst frog position reduces;
there may be more chances to trap in local minima. To improve convergence and avoid trapping in local
optima, a parent-centric operator is embedded in each memeplex while performing a local search.
The proposed algorithm is named PC-SFLA (Parent Centric - Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm).

Results:

The improved efficiency of PC-SFLA is validated on a robust and diverse set of standard test
functions defined in CEC 2006 and 2010. Further, its efficacy is verified to optimize the total cost of
supply chain management of a system. Non-parametric statistical result analysis demonstrates the efficiency
of the proposal.

Conclusion:

PC-SFLA performed better than PSO, DE, PESO+, Modified DE, ABC, and SFLA at
5% and 10% level of significance whereas at par with Shuffled-ABC for g01-g07 functions of CEC
2006 in terms of NFE’s. Similarly, PC-SFLA performed better than SaDE, SFLA, CMODE at both
levels of significance (5% & 10%) and par with MPDE in terms of mean function value for 17 problems
taken from CEC 2006. Further, PC-SFLA is investigated on 18 problems from CEC 2010, and
Wilcoxon signed ranks test is performed at a 5% level of significance. PC-SFLA performed better
than SFLA and CHDE and at par with PESO. The computational results present the competency of
the proposed method to solve quadratic, nonlinear, polynomial, linear, and cubic functions efficiently.
The simulated results show that the proposed algorithm can solve mix integer constrained continuous
optimization problem efficiently.
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Nanoparticles for Rhodamine B Adsorption
Authors: Al Rodrigues Diogo P. , Rodrigues Meiry G.F. , Tomaz Patrícia F. , Barbosa Tellys L.A.
Published: November 2020

Background:

Dye removal from effluents is one of the major problems faced in the
world. It is a very important environmental issue and it is crucial to solve this problem. In this
sense, ZIFs are increasingly becoming important in the environmental area.

Objective:

This work presents the synthesis of metalorganic framework Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-
8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles, characterization, and then determines the potential to remove Rhodamine
B (RhB) from an aqueous solution.

Methods:

ZIF-8 was synthesized under solvothermal treatment at 25°C and it was characterized by
X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy.
To evaluate the capacity of the RhB, pH-influence and kinetic studies were carried out. The
pseudo first- and second-order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data, and the rate
constants were evaluated.

Results:

ZIF-8 had an average particle size of 47 ± 4.6 nm. The removal percentage increased significantly
when the pH was in the range of 7.0-9.0. A pseudo-second-order kinetic of 13.00 mg/g
was found for the RhB removal. The adsorption capacity at equilibrium was found to be 11.8 mg/g.

Conclusion:

According to the characterization results, the ZIF-8 synthesis was effective and produced
a crystalline material. The ZIF-8 presented an affinity to the RhB dye. A pseudo-second-
order kinetic model represented well the mechanism of interaction involved during RhB adsorption
and ZIF-8.
Physicians’ antibiotic prescription behaviors in patients with sore throat: a comparison of family physicians and ENT doctors
Authors: BAŞAL Yeşim , BAŞAK Hatice Sema , ERYILMAZ Aylin , GÜNEL Ceren , BAŞAK Okay
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the antibiotic prescription behaviors of the physicians and their perceptions of antibiotic expectations of the patients presenting to ear-nose-throat specialists, and family physicians with the primary complaint of sore throat and related factors. Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted at Adnan Menderes University Hospital, Outpatient Clinics of Otorhinolaryngology, together with family physicians practicing in affiliation with Family Medicine Outpatient Clinics, between February 2014 and February 2015. The study population consisted of 384 patients with the main complaint of sore throat and 26 physicians. Patient and physician questionnaires were applied to the participants. For statistical evaluation, t-test, Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used. Results: Ten percent of the patients with sore throat had an expectation of antibiotic. The physicians perceived an expectation for antibiotics in 48.4% of the patients and 53.4% of them prescribed antibiotics to their patients. The patients’ expectations for antibiotics were not effective on physicians’ perceptions of patients’ antibiotic expectations or their antibiotic prescription behavior. The less experienced physicians (10.6 fold), family physicians (7.0 fold) and physicians who perceived expectation of their patients for antibiotics (5.8 fold) prescribed more antibiotics; patients living in urban areas were prescribed more antibiotics (3.2 fold). Conclusion: Antibiotic expectation of the patients with a sore throat is very low. Being a family physician, physician’s perception of patient’s antibiotic expectation, lack of professional experience, and living in urban area are the factors effective on physician’s antibiotic prescribing behavior.
Planning Engaging, Remote, Synchronous Didactics in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era (Preprint)
Authors: Rivera Ronald , Smart Jonathan , Sakaria Sangeeta , Wray Alisa , Wiechmann Warren , Boysen-Osborn Megan , Toohey Shannon
Published: November 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

As part of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requirements, residents must participate in structured didactic activities. Traditional didactics include lectures, grand rounds, simulations, case discussions, and other forms of in-person synchronous learning. The COVID-19 pandemic has made in-person activities less feasible, as many programs have been forced to transition to remote didactics. Educators must still achieve the goals and objectives of their didactic curriculum despite the new limitations on instructional strategies. There are several strategies that may be useful for organizing and creating a remote residency didactic curriculum. Educators must master new technology, be flexible and creative, and set rules of engagement for instructors and learners. Establishing best practices for remote didactics will result in successful, remote, synchronous didactics; reduce the impact of transitioning to a remote learning environment; and keep educators and learners safe as shelter-at-home orders remain in place.
Assessing the Quality of Online Health Information About Breast Cancer from Chinese Language Websites: Quality Assessment Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Luo Aijing , Bian Zhiwei , Zhao Bin , Liu Peng , Wang Kai , Liu Yuwen , Xie Wenzhao , Wang Fuzhi
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

In China, the internet has become one of the most important ways to obtain information about breast cancer. However, quantitative evaluations of the quality of Chinese health websites and the breast cancer treatment information they publish are lacking.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Chinese breast cancer websites and the value, suitability, and accuracy of the breast cancer treatment information they publish.

METHODS

Chinese breast cancer health websites were searched and manually screened according to their Alexa and Baidu search engine rankings. For each website included in the survey, which was conducted on April 8, 2019, the three most recently published papers on the website that met the inclusion criteria were included for evaluation. Three raters assessed all materials using the LIDA, DISCERN, and Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) tools and the Michigan Checklist. Data analysis was completed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010.

RESULTS

This survey included 20 Chinese breast cancer websites and 60 papers on breast cancer treatment. The LIDA tool was used to evaluate the quality of the 20 websites. The LIDA’s scores of the websites (mean=54.85, SD 3.498; total possible score=81) were low. In terms of the layout, color scheme, search facility, browsing facility, integration of nontextual media, submission of comments, declaration of objectives, content production method, and robust method, more than half of the websites scored 0 (never) or 1 (sometimes). For the online breast cancer treatment papers, the scores were generally low. Regarding suitability, 32 (53.33%) papers were evaluated as presenting unsuitable material. Regarding accuracy, the problems were that the papers were largely not original (44/60, 73%) and lacked references (46/60, 77%).

CONCLUSIONS

The quality of Chinese breast cancer websites is poor. The color schemes, text settings, user comment submission functions, and language designs should be improved. The quality of Chinese online breast cancer treatment information is poor; the information has little value to users, and pictorial information is scarcely used. The online breast cancer treatment information is accurate but lacks originality and references. Website developers, governments, and medical professionals should play a full role in the design of health websites, the regulation of online health information, and the use of online health information.
Physician, General Public and Media Opinion Leader Posts Regarding Physician-patient Conflicts on Microblog: A Comparative Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Gong Wanqi , Guo Qin
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Physician–patient conflicts in China have increased more than ten times from the 2000s to the 2020 and arouse heated discussions on microblog. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is believed to have brought a turnaround in the physician–patient relationship. However, little is known about the similarities and differences among the views of opinion leaders from the general public, physicians, and media regarding physician–patient conflict incidents on microblog, and whether the outbreak had an impact on this.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore how opinion leaders from the physicians, general public, and media framed posts on major physician–patient conflict incidents on microblog. The findings will provide more objective evidence of the attitudes and perspectives of the health professionals, general public, and media on physician–patient conflicts, and the influence of pandemics on physician–patient relationship.

METHODS

A comparative content analysis was conducted to examine the posts (N=941) of microblog opinion leaders regarding major physician–patient conflicts in China from 2012 to 2020.

RESULTS

Post- pandemic posts used more cooperation (M pre-pandemic = 0.046, M post-pidemic = 0.347, p<.001) and positive frame (M pre-pandemic = 0.247, M post-pandemic = 0.613, p<.001), but less attribution frame (M pre-pandemic = 0.345, M post-pandemic = 0.261, p=0.016) and health knowledge promotion (M pre-pandemic = 0.116, M post-pandemic = 0.015, p<.001), and no differences were found regarding conflict and negative frame. Media opinion leaders used more conflict (M = 0.146), cooperation (M = 0.066), attribution (M = 0.162), and positive frame (M = 0.367); and less negative frame (M = 0.189), and health knowledge promotion (M = 0.021) than physician and general public opinion leaders.

CONCLUSIONS

The physician and general public opinion leaders share some similarity in their post frames, implying that no fundamental discrepancy exists among them regarding physician–patient conflict incidents. However, the imbalanced use of frames by media would cultivate and reinforce the public perception of physician–patient contradictions. After the COVID-19 pandemic, more cooperation and positive frames were used in the posts, indicating an improvement in the physician–patient relationship in China.

CLINICALTRIAL
A Computational Approach to Urban Space in Science Fiction
Authors: Bologna Federica
Published: November 2020

This study analyzes the presence of urban space in 20th century science fiction in English using computational methods. Three theoretical approaches are used to model urban space as a measurable feature. First, urban space is formalized as a topic. LDA topic modeling is used to retrieve the urban topic from the corpus and estimate its presence in each book. Secondly, urban space is formalized as the sum of the linguistic fragments that form a setting. A list of urban terms is created and their frequency is measured for each novel. Lastly, cityspace is formalized as the number of references to urban locations. Textual Geographies’ geographic data was used to measure the presence of named urban locations in each book. The results of these approaches all point to similar conclusions. A low presence of urban space is found in science fiction compared to general fiction, alongside a historical trend. Urban presence in science fiction is greater at the beginning of the 20th century, declines in the 30s and 40s, and successively increases in the 50s. No such dip is present in other types of fiction across the twentieth century.
Dimensional Change Card Sorting of American Children: Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns of Age
Authors: Assari Shervin
Published: November 2020

Background: While age is associated with an increase in cognitive flexibility and executive functioning as a result of normal development during childhood, less is known about the effect of racial variation in children’s age-related cognitive development. The Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) phenomenon suggests that, under racism, social stratification, segregation, and discrimination, individual-level economic and non-economic resources and assets show weaker effects on children’s development for marginalized, racialized, and minoritized families. Aim: We conducted this study to compare racial groups of children for age-related changes in their card sorting abilities. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 10,414 9-10-year-old American children. Data came from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variable was age, a continuous variable measured in months. The dependent variable was Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) score, which reflected cognitive flexibility, and was measured by the NIH Dimensional Change Card Sort. Ethnicity, sex, parental education, and marital status were the covariates. Results: Older age was associated with higher DCCS score, reflecting a higher card-sorting ability and cognitive flexibility. However, age showed a weaker association with DCCS for Black than for White children. This was documented by a significantly negative interaction between race and age on children’s DCCS scores. Conclusion: Age shows a weaker correlation with the cognitive flexibility of Black than of White children. A similar pattern can be seen when comparing low-income with high-income children. Conceptualizing race as a social factor that alters normal childhood development is a finding that is in line with MDRs. Marginalization due to social stratification and racism interfere with the normal age-related cognitive development of American children.
ФЕРРИТОВЫЕ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАТЕЛИ. Часть 2
Authors: Геворкян В. , Кочемасов В.
Published: November 2020

Рассмотрены ферритовые переключатели. Приведена информация о различных моделях таких устройств, выпускаемых разными производителями.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕМ ФОТОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ ПАНЕЛЕЙ В СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ УСТАНОВКЕ
Authors: Пчельникова-Гротова О.
Published: November 2020

Заключительный материал в серии статей, посвященных расчету фотоэлектрической энергетической установки. Описано создание программы управления положением фотоэлектрических панелей для микроконтроллера SAM4E с ядром Cortex-­M4.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ГИБКИХ И ГИБКО-­ЖЕСТКИХ ПЕЧАТНЫХ ПЛАТ. Часть 1
Authors: Виклунд П. , Вертянов Д. , Беляков И. , Евстафьев С.
Published: November 2020

В статье представлены особенности и проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются разработчики при проектировании гибких и гибко-­жестких печатных плат, а также функциональные возможности сквозных маршрутов Mentor Graphics Xpedition и PADS Professional, в том числе анализ целостности сигналов.
СВАРКА ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКОВЫХ ПЛАСТИН ЧЕРЕЗ ПОЛИМЕРЫ
Authors: Скупов А.
Published: November 2020

Описаны основные подходы к сварке (сращиванию) полупроводниковых пластин через полимерные материалы. Приводится обзор приложений, где может применяться этот процесс. Акцент делается на выборе материалов для данного процесса, а также на особенностях его проведения.
Romero (Rosmarinus officinalis L.): su origen, importancia y generalidades de sus metabolitos secundarios
Authors: Flores-Villa Emmanuel , Sáenz-Galindo Aidé , Castañeda-Facio Adali Oliva , Narro-Céspedes Rosa Idalia
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo, es una revisión que muestra el impacto que tiene el uso de las plantas medicinales en la salud humana. Desde la antigüedad, por tradición, se extendió el uso mayoritario de algunas familias vegetales como la Lamiaceae que destaca por sus propiedades aromáticas y aplicación culinaria en numerosas culturas, así como en el tratamiento y prevención de una gran variedad de enfermedades y malestares. Dentro de las especies pertenecientes a esta familia se encuentra el romero (Rosmarinus officinalis), planta que ha ganado importancia en el campo de la investigación por sus diversos atributos biológicos como: antiinflamatorio, antimicrobiano, antioxidante y anticancerígeno, entre otros; resultados que debe a sus metabolitos secundarios como: el ácido carnósico, el carnosol, el ácido rosmárico y  el alcanfor, entre otros más, aunado a un potencial efecto cuando es aplicado. También se mencionan algunas metodologías que buscan la extracción de los componentes biológicamente activos del romero.
Form and Use of Euphemisms in Hoax
Authors: Iswara Agus Ari , Ni Nyoman Ayu J. Sastaparamitha
Published: November 2020

This study aims to describe the form and use of euphemisms in hoax texts by meaning category. The data used is document entirely collect from the website cekfakta.com and turnbackhoax.id. The data was verified, classified and then analyzed and then was presented descriptively. The results of this study found as much as 18 forms of euphemisms, they are figurative expressions, metaphors, flippancy, remodeling, circumlocution, clippings, acronyms, abbreviations, omission, one word replacing one other word, general to specific, part to whole, hyperbole, meaning outside the statement, jargon, colloquial, borrowing, and foreign language forms. It is used in hoax for composing better speech, as if to convey facts with hyperbolic expressions, to tease or criticize others smoothly, in a political, religious, and health context.
Values of Life in The Wild Duck by Hendrik Ibsen
Authors: Gusti Ayu Made Rai Suarniti
Published: November 2020

This study aims to analyze and discuss the values in Hendrik Ibsen’s The Wild Duck. The method used in this study is descriptive. The data are a drama entitled The Wild Duck (1959). A library research method is applied in collecting the data. Furthermore, the data is analyzed qualitatively. Based on the result of the analysis, it was revealed that there are five kinds of Values found in The Wild Duck which are Moral Value, Social Value, Personal Value, Spiritual Value and Family Value. The most presented type is a moral value, it is about honesty. Social value is about interaction with around, friendship, respect to each other, justice. A personal value is a personality. Spiritual is non-material, it means the values of truth, inner peace, righteousness, and non-violence and the last is family values are beliefs, function as a family, ideals.
Can US Wage Increases be Regarded as a Leading Indicator for Bond Rates?
Authors: Özşuca Erenoğlu Ekin Ayşe , Acar Elif Öznur
Published: November 2020

After the subprime meltdown, the Federal Reserve focused its attention on US non-farm payroll data in order to pave the way for its fund rate hikes. As time went by, the Federal Reserve deemed particularly one sub-component of this data, namely the increments on average weekly wage growth as a proxy for inflation and thus a plausible explanation for raising the interest rates. In that aspect, we decide to elaborate on this issue further and examine whether this implemented strategy indeed had a reflection in the real market. For doing so, we intend to determine whether there is any causality relation in either direction between US average weekly wage increases and 10-year Treasury Bond rates. We utilize the Toda-Yamamoto causality approach and come up with a statistically significant result between wages and bond rates. For robustness, we also consider the unemployment rate and consumption expenditures as independent variables.
POSSIBILIDADES DA EDUCAÇÃO AO AR LIVRE VOLTADA PARA O LUGAR EM UM CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Pereira Paola Gomes , Castrogiovanni Antonio Carlos
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo temos o objetivo de investigar as diferentes tradições da área de Educação ao Ar Livre no Reino Unido e, a partir delas, buscar maneiras significativas de aplicá-las em um contexto brasileiro. Para atingir os objetivos estabelecidos neste trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, considerando conceitos de Lugar, Educação baseada no Lugar e Educação ao Ar Livre. A partir desse referencial, uma semana de atividades de Educação ao Ar Livre baseada no lugar, foi planejada e aplicada na município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As práticas foram realizadas com alunos do segundo ano do Ensino Fundamental, com cerca de sete anos de idade naquele momento. As práticas foram planejadas considerando um modelo de teoria da mudança, que incluía as atividades e os resultados diretos e indiretos, que esperávamos que emergissem das práticas aplicadas. Foram realizadas entrevistas qualitativa no formato de grupo focais, duas semanas após as práticas de ensino. Os resultados mostraram que as crianças que participaram do projeto tiveram um crescimento em sua conexão com o local, expandindo seu senso de comunidade e pertencimento, levando a reflexões sobre sua receptividade ao lugar, identificamos também aumento da confiança e diminuição do individualismo . As reflexões feitas, neste momento, pensam que este estudo pode levar a outros trabalhos que permitam uma continuidade, que talvez, possibilitará a implementação de práticas ao ar livre voltadas para o lugar no Brasil.
Questionários gamificados para a disciplina de História e sua utilização no Ensino Médio Integrado
Authors: Freitas Priscila Cabreira de , Duarte Filho Nemésio Freitas , Fischer Danilo
Published: November 2020

A proposta da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica visa a democratização do conhecimento. Considerando o trabalho como uma forma de produzir a história, compreende-se a importância do conhecimento histórico na conscientização do papel dos cidadãos na sociedade. Na busca de alternativas para despertar maior interesse e envolvimento dos alunos nas aulas de História e sabendo do potencial motivador das tecnologias em sala de aula, foi elaborado um produto educacional: quizzes sobre as relações de trabalho na História do Brasil, gamificados na plataforma Kahoot!, para a utilização por meio de dispositivos móveis. Na percepção da maioria dos alunos pesquisados (questionário on-line), a aplicação dos quizzes nas aulas favoreceu o ensino-aprendizagem, a reflexão sobre os acontecimentos históricos sobre “relações de trabalho” e a associação destes fatos a sua realidade. Estes declararam maior interesse, motivação para participação e engajamento. O uso de dispositivos móveis foi apreciado e tido como elemento colaborador para o ensino-aprendizagem.