bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objects, Things and Clues in Early Twentieth-Century Fiction
Authors: Stewart Victoria
Published: May 2019

Despite their different aesthetics both modernism and detective fiction engage with, refashion and, at times, critique realism, and the description of objects is central to this. Tracing how certain types of object and relationships with objects feature in works by Virginia Woolf and Agatha Christie in the 1920s reveals that for each author, descriptions of interiors, and particularly the stuff that individuals accumulate in their homes, is central, and the presence of belongings vies with the absence of their owners. Considering the valences of furniture, scrap paper and curios shows how possessions continue to speak of the real even in writing that challenges realist modes of representation.
BEYOND CRITICAL THINKING IN ACADEMIC WRITING: A DISCOURSE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Misdi Misdi
Published: May 2019

The phenomenon of critical thinking, as one aspect of learning experiences, is challenging. Yet, it reflects students’ ideas and understanding of particular matters, especially in academic writing among the English education institutions. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate how undergraduate students fashioned their understanding of being self-driven in writing research proposal relating to reading skills. The research questions drop into two big areas: 1) How is critical thinking reflected in research proposal writing, 2) What are evidences of being critical in addressing research proposal? Having three sessions of in-depth interview, fifty seven students of English department of a private university in West Java, Indonesia were involved in the reflection of their writing and reading experiences during the study. The data were collected through interview and document observation. The findings suggest that first, the critical writing is reflected by such citation and elaborative sentences as the distinctive writing features of academic writing. Second, the extended description and elaboration are made due to reading constraint. Books are mainly the sources, whereas research journal articles are still less appreciated. Thus, reading is defines as the evidence of being critical. The results of the study play significant contribution in building critical thinking, critical reading, and critical writing as self-awareness manifesto among the students of English education.
THE FEEDBACK ELABORATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TOWARDS INDONESIAN SUBJECT
Authors: Kamil Jefri , Yusof Yusmarwati Binti , Atmadinata Atmadinata , Nuwrun Said , Susanto Alpino
Published: May 2019

Learning Indonesian as a school subject can be intended as an effort to develop Indonesian language functions for Senior High School students to obtain information, control behavior, interact with others, express personal feelings or intentions, develop learning skills, and use language to convey information. To achieve this purpose, the teacher must do learning optimally. This paper aims to elaborate on the various phenomena of learning Indonesian in Senior High school and various references as the basis of language and conclusions. The elaboration feedback strategy is the focus of this paper and intended as a discourse and input for the teacher as the person in charge of learning process in the classroom.
THE EFFECT OF USING ROLE PLAYING STATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING ENGLISH AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 01 MEDAN
Authors: Wati Rahmawati
Published: May 2019

This research entitled "The Effect of Using Role Playing Strategies on the ability to speak English at Muhammadiyah Middle School 01 Medan. This research was appointed to increase the courage of students to speak English using the "Role Playing" strategy.  Then look for self-confidence efforts for students who speak English through the "Role Playing" strategy. Finally, to create the benefits of "Role Playing" in supporting English learning at Muhammadiyah Middle School 01 Medan. This research used descriptive quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative methods to calculate the average value of student test results, while qualitative is used to calculate the observation results of student learning activities in each cycle. Everything was explained according to the facts found in the field during the research. The method used in data collection was the experimental method. The experimental method was a method of directly testing the effect of variables on other variables and testing the hypothesis of a causal relationship. The technique used in this method, namely by comparing classes that get special treatment and classes that do not get treatment.
COLLOQUAIL, SLANG AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LANGUAGE: COMPERATIVE STUDY
Authors: Anto Suhardianto , Hulu Fasaaro
Published: May 2019

This research is aimed to find a comparison of how each language (colloquail, slang, transformational) are formed, in what context is used, and what is the perspective of the use of these three languages. This research is descriptive qualitative research. At the stage of providing data, researchers use Simak and Cakap technique. In the process of data analysis, the researchers use the method of padan and agih method. The agih method is used to look at the slang language constructs in each period while the method of padan is used to describe the adolescent Perspective in the use of colloquail, slang and transformational language from time to time. The result of the research shows that the way how the three non standard language is different from each other. Colloquail language are formed by changing “a” to “e” in final syllable, Deletion of First Syllable, New word formation, Additional Syllable “nge”, Change “a” to “e” in final syllable and add “an”,  and Additional particle “deh”, “aja”, “kok”, “ama”. Slang language are formed by Initial Each Word Collection, Word letter choosen, Deletion of initial letter and syllable, Change of “s’ to “c”, Change of “k” to “q”, Change of “au” to “w”, Change of “u” to “oe”, Adoption of basic words, English language abbreviation, English-Indonesia Abreviation, Citation and new word construction.Transformational language are formed by Ga, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula after single vowel sound syllable, Ga/G, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula before dipthong sound syllable, Ga, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula before last consonant sound, and Ga, Gi, Gu, Ge, Go formula for cluster consonant. The colloquial language usage context is more influenced by the habitual aspects heard by speakers in their environment such as at home, in markets, playgrounds, and certain other events. Slang languages, its use is influenced by the juvenile community environment where users only on the uses level 12 to 19 years. Transformational language was influenced by the desire to hide speech to people who were not from their groups like parents and strangers.
Addressing Racial and Hate-Based Discrimination as Experienced by African Immigrants and Refugees in Waterloo Region, Canada
Authors: Muszynski Alicja K , Gassim Sadia
Published: May 2019

Since the early 1990s, the demographics of Waterloo Region (Ontario, Canada) have changed dramatically. Early settlement patterns reflected “chain migrations” of Mennonite farm families moving to the region from Pennsylvania. Subsequent establishment of three urban clusters with German and British roots resulted in a predominantly White regional and Canadian population. A relaxation of Canadian immigration legislation, together with political unrest in many African countries, led to African immigrants and refugees choosing to settle in the Tri-Cities of Waterloo, Kitchener, and Cambridge. Canada has an international reputation as a welcoming country that celebrates diversity. However, the public view that multiculturalism is entrenched within Canadian society is not reflected in the experiences of African newcomers. New immigrants and refugees continue to face considerable problems and barriers in adjusting to their new country of residence. They are forced to deal with various manifestations of racism, including race-based hatred, as recurring patterns in their daily lives. Using firsthand accounts gathered over the course of two projects, this article explores the problems that African immigrants and refugees face in adjusting to life in Waterloo Region. Community activists and leaders are working together with police, the legal system, social service agencies, and schools to combat racism and hate-based discrimination. The article provides information on new African communities emerging in a predominantly White region. It discusses the challenges and the initiatives being taken by African community leaders and residents working together with institutions including the police, schools, municipal councils, social service providers, and community agencies to address racism and hate-based discrimination. The article also presents the general conclusion drawn by African community member participants within the two projects discussed herein: that “hate” is a pervasive problem, especially as experienced by African immigrant and refugee populations in Canada, and that the Criminal Code of Canada §§ 318 and 319 fail to address due to the restrictive definition and prosecution of hate crimes. The participants’ call for a redefined legal concept of “hate” and an accompanying revision of the Criminal Code seems to align with the aims and insights of critical or radical multiculturalism. These include the need to acknowledge, address, and identify ongoing issues of racial hatred and discrimination, in their multiple manifestations and as continuing structural problems within Canadian society.
Baptizing Nazism: An Analysis of the Religious Roots of American Neo-Nazism
Authors: Milwicki Alon
Published: May 2019

The years following the Second World War saw American religious leaders making fervent attempts to bridge the denominational gap and encourage peaceful cooperation among America’s three leading faiths: Protestantism, Catholicism, and Judaism. While the religious revival movement was largely successful, it was not as complete as historians have previously suggested. Scholars of the postwar religious awakening have neglected the darker, conflictual, and even violent strains of religious revival which developed alongside the optimistic, cooperative, and harmonious efforts that have taken center stage. Simply put, the development and propagation of Christian Identity, as propelled by Dr. Wesley Albert Swift, provided a ready-made system of values and organizational tenets to the various white power and neo-Nazi organizations that emerged across America after World War II ended. This article seeks to bring scholarly attention to this national movement that emerged in direct opposition to the Judeo-Christian tradition, and in so doing, highlight the evolution of the American Neo-Nazi movement as a theologically-based movement that is starkly different from and considerably more malleable than modern American Nazism (which is often referred to as neo-Nazism, albeit, incorrectly).
Book Review: Niza Yanay’s The Ideology of Hatred: The Psychic Power of Discourse
Authors: Berry Damon T
Published: May 2019

This work is important to those concerned with nationalist discourses of hatred and exclusion, as well as for those interested in thinking about how to heuristically define “hate” in a given project. But Yanay does not merely diagnose the nationalist symptom. She also attempts to theorize, especially in the final chapter, what she sees as “the possibility of transforming hatred to friendship”, the “raison d’être of this book”. [New York, NY: Fordham University Press, 2013. 168 pp. $22.00]
Introduction: The Politics of Hate
Authors: Tsai Robert L
Published: May 2019

The interdisciplinary study of hatred, as a distinctive social phenomenon, is relatively new to the academy. In the past, one could expect the political ramifications of hate to be subsumed, and often dissipated, within the separate disciplinary machinery exerted upon the subjects of study. This special volume brings politics front and center. It does so by collecting essays that assess the psychology, motivations, organization, tactics, and ends of hate. The weight of the essays suggests that hatred possesses a deeply instrumental genesis, structure, and operation. Collectively, the articles insist that, whatever its origins or precise psychological mechanism, hate is driven by processes toward outward-directed ends. It is mobilized through politics and institutions, and its potency can either be contained or nurtured by the rule of law.
The Individual Psychology of Group Hate
Authors: Michener Willa
Published: May 2019

Revenge is often taken against people who were not perpetrators of the original offense, provided that they belong to the perpetrator’s group. People react as if they believed that if one member of a group attacked, then they all did or would. Groups are culturally defined, though the tendency to relate to them is universal. It is proposed that “the enemy” is an inherited category while the identity of the groups placed into that category is learned. Enemies are subject to hate, fear, and coldness (the inhibition of empathy). We are prepared to experience an entire outgroup as “enemy” if any of them attack us. We anticipate the same reaction in outgroups by experiencing them as “enemy” when any of us attack them. We mirror fellow ingroup members’ hatreds.
Italian Fascism’s Soviet Enemy and the Propaganda of Hate, 1941-1943
Authors: Stone Marla
Published: May 2019

In conjunction with the war against the Soviet Union which began in June 1941, the Italian Fascist regime promulgated a virulent brand of anti-communism and oversaw a campaign of hate-mongering propaganda targeted at its Soviet enemy. This propaganda produced to justify the war highlighted the Manichean struggle against the Soviet Union and the special horrors of the Soviet communist enemy. Using longstanding stereotypes about a Russian lack of civilization, 19th-century ideas about racially expressed biological difference, and more recent tropes about Bolshevik barbarism and immorality, official representations of Fascism’s historic enemy—the communist—put forward a racially degenerate, godless peril from the East bent on the destruction of Western civilization and on the desecration of the Italian family and the Catholic faith.
Combating Hate Through Young Adult Literature
Authors: Dean-Ruzicka Rachel
Published: May 2019

Young adult literature can help readers look beyond tolerance toward a cosmopolitan ethics of difference as a more sophisticated position for combating hatred. In popular discourse, the ideal of tolerance is generally presented uncritically and deployed as the best response to a perceived difference in another. However, the ideal of tolerance presents many problems. Rather than discouraging hatred, tolerance merely asks us not to act upon related feelings. Additionally, tolerance is often deployed not only as an idealized set of behaviors, but also as a moral imperative. Thus tolerance encourages cultural relativism where we are expected to be tolerant of all views, no matter how troubling. This essay argues that to discourage hate and violence, we must criticize underlying values that evoke them. Young adult fiction that deals with white supremacist characters creates an interesting lens for evaluating how neo-Nazis can be seen as standing at the very limits of tolerance, as well as how texts with neo-Nazi characters can be used as tools to assess values that are not worth living by. Reading these fictional texts may help to discourage in young adults the development of hatred while fostering a cosmopolitan ethics of difference that stands in opposition to the presumed morality of tolerance.
The Trump Effect: The 2016 Presidential Campaign and the Racist Right's Internet Rhetoric
Authors: Barnett Brett A
Published: May 2019

The divisiveness witnessed during Donald Trump’s 2016 presidential campaign, a nationwide discord on a scale not witnessed since the tumultuous Nixon-Humphrey-Wallace campaign of 1968, has necessitated an examination of hate within the United States. Characterized by rhetoric of nationalism and isolationism reminiscent of ideologies espoused by white nationalists, Trump’s campaign energized the American racist right. Indeed, the most prominent US-based white supremacist websites, the neo-Nazi Stormfront and The Daily Stormer, launched extensive online campaigns supporting Trump’s presidential bid, and both sites experienced dramatic increases in traffic. This essay examines some of the divisive rhetoric Trump employed during his presidential campaign and the various ways in which that rhetoric appears to have resonated with US-based white supremacists. Examining white supremacists’ Internet rhetoric enables persons to be alerted to the possibility of white supremacist advocacy or activity and to better understand how white supremacists attempt to form, or become a part of, a community of like-minded persons. While several acts of murderous violence in the United States have been associated with white supremacist content appearing online, examinations of US-based white supremacists’ Internet rhetoric may assist individuals, including law enforcement and homeland security professionals, in guarding against similar violence in the future.
Preface
Authors: Barrett-Fox Rebecca
Published: May 2019

By midway through 2016, the year was shaping up to be a rough one. Terrorist attacks had occurred nearly daily worldwide, with significant loss of life in around the world. In June, the Brexit vote. Continued war in Syria and political turmoil in nearby nations caused continued suffering for refugees. In the U.S., protests continued in across the country. In North Dakota, indigenous people have gathered in the largest meeting of Native American people in modern history in an effort to halt the erection of an oil pipeline dangerously close to native lands and waters. And the year ended with the ugliest American presidential race in living memory, in which Donald Trump’s campaign and supporters invoked multiple forms of bigotry, including anti-immigrant xenophobia along with anti-Muslim, anti-Semitic, and misogynistic sentiments.
What to Do When Your Heritage is Hateful
Authors: Strain Christopher B
Published: May 2019

In a National Public Radio piece aired on July 14, 2015, Gene Demby describe the “awkward mental gymnastics” involved in certain cultural preferences. A person’s musical tastes might run toward gangsta rap or outlaw country, for example, both of which can be misogynistic and reactionary, but the listener might paradoxically consider himself to be a supporter of women’s rights. Such inherent contradiction might seem hypocritical to some, but there is a certain elasticity of symbols, as cyphers meaning different things to different people. For some, the Confederate flag is a sign of racial Neanderthalism, the trademark of unreconstructed segregationists and rednecks. For others, the flag is a happy reminder of Tom Petty’s 1985 “Southern Accents” tour. Who is correct? Whose interpretation wins?
Absence, Revision, and the Other: Rhetorics of South Carolina Antebellum Tourism Sites
Authors: Cunningham Breede Deborah , Davis Christine , Warren-Findlow Jan
Published: May 2019

The production of tourism situated within an antebellum history is fraught with tension. Moralities, power conflicts, and identities clash as tourist production based on historical apartheid in the United States proliferates and becomes more popular and profitable. Southern states such as South Carolina are particularly subject to such concerns. As one of the original thirteen colonies, South Carolina was a profitable participant in the plantation system, a system built upon rhetorics of absence, revision, and hatred. These rhetorical constructions effectively created a view of enslaved Africans that “othered” and minimized them and erased their presence, importance, and humanity. The resulting ethnocentrism, racism, and oppression still exists today within the American cultural and political landscapes. South Carolina – also the veteran of major revolts, wars, secessions, and occupations throughout its history—was a slave state for its first two hundred years. During these colonial and antebellum periods, its enslaved primarily black population outnumbered white people by the ratio of four to one (Lockley and Doddington 2012). Today, South Carolina offers a popular tourist vista dotted with homesteads, plantations, parks, battlegrounds, national historic sites, markets, and museums all originating from and documenting our nation’s “peculiar institution” of slavery (Calhoun 1837).
Curating Hatred: The Joe McWilliams's Controversy at the Ulster Museum
Authors: Maguire Tom
Published: May 2019

Since heritage is a manifestation of how the past is used in the present,engagement with heritage is a critical indicator of how contemporaryhatreds play out, both feeding and feeding off traditions and legacies.Despite its ongoing peace process, Northern Ireland remains a site of dissonantheritages, where sectarian hatred continues to be expressed in societaldivisions, often resulting in outright violence. This relationship betweencurrent expressions of hatred and the uses of the past present particularissues for heritage professionals. This essay examines a recent example inwhich these tensions have been made manifest, the inclusion of a paintingby Belfast artist Joe McWilliams in the Annual Exhibition by the RoyalUlster Academy at the Ulster Museum in 2015. The painting depicts theperformance by a Protestant Orange Order band outside a Roman CatholicChurch in Belfast as part of the annual Twelfth of July celebrations. Itincluded a small group of figures wearing white hoods, akin to the KluKlux Klan’s, and Orange sashes. The controversy that the inclusion of thispainting in the exhibition sparked illustrates the ways in which the artisticrepresentation of a performed heritage challenges institutional practice incurating dissonance.
Discussing Auschwitz, Scholarly Integrity and Governmental Revisionism: A Case Study in Academic Intimidation
Authors: McCarthy Kevin
Published: May 2019

In September 2015, I became embroiled in a controversial and confrontational media discourse that rapidly assumed a global context as external actors engaged in a hateful campaign of intimidation and threatening behavior. It was initiated by a letter I had published in the Belfast Telegraph, which included a reference that localised anti-Semitism was a factor in the Nazi decision to locate the Auschwitz-Birkinau extermination camp in Poland. It was a response to a letter thread that had included multiple mentions of Poland, Auschwitz-Birkinau, and hateful intimidation. However, a forensic examination of the letter suggests the confrontation had, in fact nothing to do with the Jewish tragedy of the Shoah and everything to do with the hateful intra-communal strife between the Catholic-nationalist and Protestant-loyalist communities of Northern Ireland that oftentimes cynically exploits external symbolism to further narrow parochial agendas.
Beyond Hate: White Power and Popular Culture by C. Richard King and David J. Leonard (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2014. 200 pp. $31.96. ISBN 978-1472427465).
Authors: Gonzalez-Sobrino Bianca , Hughey Matthew
Published: May 2019

In Beyond Hate, C. Richard King and David J. Leonard present a critical, virtual ethnography that examines the relationship between popular culture, media, and white supremacy. Their efforts center on the exploration of the intersections of white power and popular culture in the virtual world as articulated in the context of the contemporary United States. In specific, King and Leonard explore how white nationalists come to utilize the digital realm of popular culture as a clarion call to cleanup a society “polluted” by the rise of nonwhite populations, the proliferation of liberal ideology and to the supposed demise of the traditional white family. The authors trace how white supremacists use virtual, public forums, like blogs, chatrooms, and websites, to construct the boundaries of a white community full of virtuous, cultural warriors.Moreover, Beyond Hate examines how participants in these spaces labor to incorporate these ideas into a meaningful and legitimate part of the public sphere.
Native America and the Question of Genocide by Alex Alvarez (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2014. 203 pp. $34.13. ISBN 978-1442225817).
Authors: King Lisa
Published: May 2019

On September 6th, 2015, Indian Country Today publicized a story that did not make mainstream news but resonated throughout Indian Country: a Navajo/Maidu student, Chiitaanibah Johnson, was ejected from her California State-Sacramento history class after asking the instructor to address the genocide of Native peoples in his coverage of American history. The instructor claimed that Native peoples had simply died of disease and that she was “hijacking” his class when she insisted (Schilling). Meanwhile, amid the protests of 50 different California tribes, Pope Francis made headlines when he canonized the controversial figure Juniper Serra, one of the leaders of the Spanish mission system that was known for its forceful abuse of the Native peoples it attempted to Christianize – a system that many California Native peoples now characterize as genocide (Burke). Both of these examples illustrate how critical the conversation around the concept of genocide has become to Indigenous peoples and how difficult it is to get the wider public to care. It is within such ongoing conversations that Alex Alvarez has published Native America and the Question of Genocide.
Transgender and Transsexual Identities: The Next Strange Fruit—Hate Crimes, Violence and Genocide Against the Global Trans-Communities
Authors: Kidd Jeremy D , Witten Tarynn
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we review the literature on global transgender hate crimes, violence, and abuse. We point out that it is possible to infer that this problem is not localized to the United States but rather, represents a global pandemic of focused prejudice. We point out that it can be viewed not only as an extremely serious and immediate public health problem, but also as genocide against a consistently invisibilized minority population. We provide concrete examples from the researchers’ field studies as well as from the published literature.
Reconceptualizing Anti-LGBT Hate Crimes as Burdening Expression and Association: A Case for Expanding Federal Hate Crime Legislation to Include Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Woods Jordan Blair
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this article is to bring to the attention of researchers, scholars, and politicians an important point about the harms to LGBT victims resulting from hate crimes—one that, in my view, is ignored and is critical to the justifications for allowing bias crime victims to obtain legal compensation for being victimized on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. More specifically, this article critiques the current framing of anti-LGBT hate crimes in scholarship and empirical research and reconceptualizes these crimes as systemic inhibitors to expressive and associative opportunities on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation (this argument will be developed in Part IV).
Divided by Gender: An Interview with Jane Elliott
Authors: Eppinga Joanie
Published: May 2019

On the day after Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in 1968, a third-grade teacher in Riceville, Iowa felt impelled to give her students a visceral experience of discrimination that they would never forget. She divided them into two groups and told them one was genetically inferior to the other. The next day, she reversed the hierarchy. It was a powerful exercise the children never forgot, and one which propelled teacher Jane Elliott to national attention. Our editor interviewed Elliott 40 years later, on February 4, 2008, just before the Democratic nomination process, on the topic of “Hate and Gender.”
What Is Genocide?
Authors: Eastwood Maggi
Published: May 2019

This volume offers an answer to a question that has been debated within academia since the adoption of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. More recently, the same question has arisen within the field of genocide studies. Martin Shaw, a professor of International Relations and Politics at the University of Sussex, fashions an answer, but it is not a likeable response. He has no real answer. Instead Shaw walks the reader through a series of definitions, opinions, and arguments that are systematically rejected in his search for an answer. Shaw compares these arguments against the backdrop of the earlier concept of genocide initially introduced by Raphael Lemkin and the definition given in the Genocide Convention.
Is There a Neurobiology of Hate
Authors: Glaser Edmund M
Published: May 2019

Some months ago at a Holocaust conference in Scottsdale, I had the pleasure of hearing a provocative presentation by Kenneth Stern on the sources of antisemitism and how antisemitism might be related to hatred. This occurred shortly after I had talked at the same conference about my experiences in 1946-1947 as a U.S. Army motion picture photographer at the Nuremberg Medical Trials, where I had witnessed and made sound movies of the trial of the 23 defendants, mostly physicians, accused of experimenting on concentration camp victims and causing the deaths of untold numbers of them. So I thought I had some firsthand experience of hatred and the individuals who practiced it. Most of my subsequent career has been centered on performing research in the neurosciences: neurophysiology and neuroanatomy.
Revisiting Hateful Science: The Nazi “Contribution” to the Journey of Antisemitism
Authors: Jacobs Steven Leonard
Published: May 2019

While this volume of the Journal of Hate Studies is devoted to “The Science of Hate”—research and knowledge about hate’s origins and manifestations seen through the lens of the empirical sciences—this contribution is a cautionary reminder that, like all human projects, intellectual and other, the sciences, too, can be perverted by its practitioners in the service of hate itself.1 The case study is that of the Nazi Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, MD, (1896-1969), eugenicist and geneticist, and, specifically, his (1938) text “Racial Biology of the Jews.” Of particular note is the American “connection,” in supplying both supporting legitimation for the pseudo-science of eugenics and two contemporary examples showing that the ideas of von Verschuer and other members of the German scientific community are far from extinct and continue to play a role in far Right antisemitic movements. The accompanying photographs remind us that this work of hateful science was not confined to intellectual theorizing or laboratory work with lower-order animals, but was made real in the death camps under Nazi hegemony.
David Tosco’s The Face of Evil
Authors: Polek Jan
Published: May 2019

Overall, the commentators and footage are pedantic, perhaps more suitable for a graduate class than for a commercial, non-academic audience. This is unfortunate because worldwide events in which those in power use techniques to isolate and demonize those who pose a threat are becoming more common. Rwanda, with its “measurement” policies separating tribes according to physical characteristics, is a recent example of the genocide cycle.
Crimes Against the "Other": Conceptual, Operational, and Empirical Challenges for Hate Studies
Authors: Chakraborti Neil
Published: May 2019

In much the same way that expressions of hate pose problems that cut across disciplines, across communities, and across borders, so too must responses be informed through international, intersectional, and interdisciplinary perspectives that serve to widen our understanding. Hate crime remains a contested and highly complex area of study and policy, and the deeper we delve to find solutions and answers, the more likely we are to stumble across further problems and questions. Identifying how best to resolve them is a difficult, ongoing task, but one that should form the basis of any progressive dialogue among hate crime scholars, policy makers, and practitioners. The nature of these problems and questions–and more importantly, the ways in which we can use them to shape contemporary hate crime discourse–is what this article seeks to explore.
The Internet's Promise to Improve Bias-Crime Reporting: The Case for Including Bias Crimes on Official Crime-Reporting Websites
Authors: Woods Jordan Blair
Published: May 2019

This article argues that online crime reporting has the potential to improve bias-crime reporting and proposes that U.S. law enforcement departments include bias crimes on their official crime-reporting websites. In this article, I use the term bias crime to refer to criminal offenses committed against persons or property intentionally selected on the basis of identity characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, disability, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity.
Anger and Compassion on the Picket Line: Ethnography and Emotion in the Study of Westboro Baptist Church
Authors: Barrett-Fox Rebecca
Published: May 2019

Feminist ethnographic methods stress the role of empathy for research subjects and researchers’ willingness for their work to be useful to their subjects. When the research subjects are “unloved groups,” though—people whose actions or beliefs are hateful or harmful—some ethnographers argue that such empathy and empowerment is misplaced or leads to uncritical scholarship. In this reflection on the author’s ethnographic study of Westboro Baptist Church, a small Kansas-based congregation infamous for preaching its anti-gay theology at funerals, including the funerals of fallen servicemen and -women, she questions the usefulness of denying an emotional connection with “hatemongers.” Instead, she argues for compassion for both the victims and, more challengingly, the perpetrators of hate in order to protect researchers from the threat of desensitization.
‘Combating the Scourge’: Constructing the Masculine ‘Other’ Through U.S. Government Anti-trafficking Campaigns
Authors: Steele Sarah L
Published: May 2019

The author argues that nativism, racism, and anti-immigrant sentiment presented by representatives of the U.S. government in the context of human trafficking leaves both victims and traffickers portrayed as one-dimensional criminals. Current anti-trafficking regimes embody and restate xenophobic reactions directed against illegal migrant men, while often disguising the role domestic actors have in trafficking. Additionally, the images presented imply that traffickers are lacking in “proper” masculinity, particularly of the sort embraced by Americans. This article not only explores how government anti-trafficking statements made between 1998 and 2010 create and reinforce divides in masculinities based on regimes of racial domination, but also notes particularly how anti-trafficking furthers the domination of white American masculinity. The author describes the ineffectiveness of such an approach and suggests that we must move beyond racial stereotyping and the immigration frame if we hope to broaden our definitions and understandings in a way that will deepen our thinking and allow us to see those involved in this trade as multi-faceted and textured human beings, thereby allowing us to pursue social change more effectively.
Policing Hatred: A Case Study of an English Police Force
Authors: Woods Jordan Blair
Published: May 2019

This article makes an important contribution to the field of hate studies by advancing the understanding of hate crime policing in the United Kingdom. The article presents an ethnographic case study on hate crime policing within a small-city police station in England. The study focused primarily on the police station’s Community Cohesion Unit (CCU), which was responsible for supporting hate crime informants, and for monitoring and assisting police officers handling hate incidents and hate crimes. The case study is mostly descriptive and exploratory in nature. Its primary objective is to provide needed insight into the inner workings of a police unit in order to obtain systematic knowledge on how hate crime laws are enforced in real-world settings. The study does not aim to present a new theory of hate crime policing; but in gathering fresh data from a new source, the study suggests potential directions for future empirical work and theoretical inquiry.
Applied Anthropology and Anti-Hate Activism
Authors: Schlegel Jennifer
Published: May 2019

This paper examines my journey from activist, to educator, to researcher, and back, and the implications the journey has for developing effective anti-hate collaborations and educational practices. After being notified that my name and contact information had been posted on a white supremacist’s website, I re-considered my role as an anti-hate activist and turned to teaching. Combining my activist experience with my anthropology background, I developed a course, “Hate Across Cultures.” Using multi-disciplinary academic resources and featuring guest lectures from representatives of various government agencies, this class provides a space for students to learn and talk about the origins of hate, hate across cultures, and hate in their own region. Students apply their knowledge and develop strategies to combat hate in their everyday lives. This has inspired me to begin a research project on local hate practices with the ultimate goal of developing and implementing more effective local anti-hate strategies.
Genocidal Religion
Authors: Jacobs Steven Leonard
Published: May 2019

There is no more egregious hateful behavior than that of genocide. There is no more uncomfortable thought than that of religion as a participating factor in the perpetration of genocide, though religious studies scholars come late to any discussion of genocide. This paper, an initial foray into a much longer and more in-depth book-length project, and whose author is desirous of collegial feedback (sjacobs@bama.ua.edu), is a preliminary conversation addressing four precipitating factors: (1) tribalism, (2) religious exclusivism, (3) privileged access to the divine, and (4) a particularistic and parochial reading of sacred texts. It will also attempt, by way of conclusion, to offer possible practical and realistic suggestions to reverse this nexus between genocide and religion.
In Memoriam: Eva Lassman
Authors: Shepard Jerri
Published: May 2019

One woman who did indeed play such a role in standing up to hate and reshaping community was Eva Lassman. An honorary board member of the Institute for Hate Studies, a Holocaust survivor, a wife, mother, speaker, friend, and constant inspiration to the Inland Northwest community for more than 50 years, Eva passed away on February 9, 2011 at the age of 91, leaving us poorer in comrades, yet richer in the wisdom she shared and the example she set. The Institute for Hate Studies presents annually two “Eva Lassman Take Action Against Hate Awards,” to individuals and organizations in the Inland Northwest. Jerri Shepard, Associate Professor of Educational Leadership at Gonzaga University, Institute board member, and personal friend of Eva, offers the memorial to Eva that concludes this volume of the Journal of Hate Studies.
Preface
Authors: Shuford John
Published: May 2019

This volume and Volume 12 focus primarily on presenting peerreviewed scholarly articles developed from the selected proceedings f the Third International Conference on Hate Studies. Themed “The Pursuit of Justice: Understanding Hatred, Confronting Intolerance, Eliminating Inequality,” the conference was co-organized and hosted by the Gonzaga Institute for Hate Studies, the Gonzaga School of Law, and the Washington State Task Force on Race and the Criminal Justice System. Presenters and attendees from two dozen countries worldwide came to Spokane, Washington for four days in April 2013 in order to concentrate on how fear and ignorance of the “other” manifest in hatred, intolerance, and inequality, and thus affect the pursuit of justice for all.
Cutting Off Our Nose to Spite Our Face: The Real Consequences of I-9 Audits Considered through a Case Study of Brewster, Washington
Authors: Cunningham Gregory C
Published: May 2019

The phrase “cutting off one’s nose to spite the face” has many meanings, most of them violent and, historically, sometimes literal. In our times, its meaning is colloquial and suggests a needless, disproportionate, and self-destructive response to a perceived threat. This strangely violent phrase aptly describes what is happening in small agricultural communities across the country. One such community is Brewster, Washington, where Immi- gration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) carried out I-9 audit of Gebbers Farms, Brewster’s major employer, in December of 2009. After presenting the Gebbers Farms case, I discuss what this example from one small town in North Central Washington reveals about the workings of immigration law and law enforcement in, and upon, small agricultural communities today.
Bloque de constitucionalidad y control de convencionalidad en Bolivia
Authors: Vargas Lima Alan E.
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo pretende mostrar el intenso desarrollo doctrinal y jurisprudencial del tema propuesto, partiendo de la premisa esencial de que la actual configuración constitucional del Bloque de Constitucionalidad, constituye una reivindicación de las líneas jurisprudenciales establecidas con bastante anterioridad por el Tribunal Constitucional boliviano; ello para luego examinar el redimensionamiento del mismo bloque en el Estado Constitucional de Derecho, a la luz del pluralismo y la interculturalidad como nuevos paradigmas en la interpretación, a través de la inserción de valores plurales y principios supremos rectores del orden constitucional vigente en el país, haciendo especial referencia a los principales pronunciamientos del Sistema Interamericano de Protección de los Derechos Humanos, ante su escaso conocimiento por parte de los administradores de justicia, y su nula aplicación en la resolución de conflictos concretos.
Valoración y limitaciones de los medios de pruebas electrónicos en el proceso laboral venezolano
Authors: Gainza Lovera Belkis Zoraida
Published: May 2019

La valoración probatoria y las limitaciones de los diversos medios de pruebas electrónicos en el proceso laboral venezolano, para garantizar el derecho a la defensa y al debido proceso previsto en la norma constitucional. Se diferencia el documento electrónico del documento efectuado en soporte de papel; precisando la forma adecuada de promover, evacuar y valorar las pruebas que consten en instrumentos electrónicos. Fue un documento de tipo documental monográfico, utilizando un método sistemático a través de la deducción-inducción. Concluyendo que la noción de documento, situado ya dentro del ámbito jurídico, es aquella que entiende por tal; aquellos objetos que tengan una función probatoria con la sola limitación de que dichos objetos sean, por su índole, susceptibles de ser llevados ante la presencia judicial y la esencia del documento electrónico se encuentra en su almacenamiento a través de medios informáticos.
A cationic classification of common plutonic rocks and their magmatic associations : principles, method, applications
Authors: Debon François , Le Fort Patrick
Published: May 2019

This classification is based on cationic calculations from major element data and then applied to simple chemical-mineralogical diagrams. The method follows two sequential steps. The first step is concerned with characterising the individual sample. From the cationic values, the sample is identified by name and its chemical and mineralogical characteristics are determined. The second and most important aim of the chemical-mineralogical diagrams is to define the magmatic association to which the sample or group of samples belong. Based on chemical data, this method can also be used to classify common volcanic rocks. Several applications are presented.
Once More on the Solidi of an Eastern Military Mint under Phocas and Heraclius
Authors: Woods David
Published: May 2019

Différentes explications ont été proposées pour une série de marques figurant à la fin de la légende du revers sur un groupe de solidi attribués à un atelier militaire oriental opérant sous Phocas et Héraclius. On soutient ici que le premier de ces solidi au nom de Phocas a probablement été émis par des forces restées fidèles à sa mémoire, et hostiles au nouveau gouvernement de Constantinople, jusqu’à un an environ après sa mort, et que toutes ces marques sont autant de dates par l’indiction.
Le trésor carolingien découvert à Auzeville (Haute-Garonne) en 1878. Étude des monnayages toulousains de Charles le Chauve et de Pépin II d’Aquitaine
Authors: Sarah Guillaume , Geneviève Vincent , Guerrot Catherine
Published: May 2019

The coins minted at Toulouse from 840 onward bearing the names of Pippin II of Aquitania and Charles the Bald are found in many collections and are common in numismatic auctions. As a consequence, they are quite familiar to numismatists, for whom it is well-known that most of them originate from a hoard found at Auzeville (Haute-Garonne) in the late 19th century. In spite of this fame, little is known about this hoard and no complete study of the issues minted at Toulouse has been undertaken since Georges Pierfitte in 1933. This paper aims at filling this lack. In the first part are presented unpublished data from archive search. In the second part, groups of coins originating from the hoard identified in three public collections serve as a basis for a pluridisciplinary study of those coinages It allows a better understanding of the organization of coin minting at Toulouse whilst the Carolingian territory was splitting up.
Rural development: how to measure performance imbalances in agribusiness chains
Authors: Adrienn Molnár  , Xavier Gellynck
Published: May 2019

The aim of this article was to contribute to the understanding of the role of intermediary organizations, and especially of network administrative organizations (NAOs) in the development of social capital in interorganizational networks in the food sector in particular. Our study shows that there are many options available to NAOs to build social capital within the networks they are responsible for; options which we propose to categorize in three main distinct groups. First, NAOs may nurture the development of social capital within the network through creating ‘space’ boundary objects which appear, in our study, to be an absolute precondition for the development of interactions and hence creation of ties between network members. Second, NAOs may impact the development of social capital by favoring certain members – or set of members – over others due to their characteristics such as good reputation, possession of common past experiences, multidisciplinary experiences, non-conflicting goals, similarity in terms of sector of activity and/or experience level and common mindset towards information exchange. Third and finally, NAOs may foster social capital development by enhancing effective communication between members on the one hand, and between members and the NAOs’ coordination and decision bodies on the other hand, via a clear mandate, network decision making bodies composed of members, the use of ex-post evaluations and formal governance mechanisms (e.g. legal contracts), and the selection of staff endowed with a proactive and perspective taking behavior and able to show neutrality when conflict arise.