bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of 15 nm Gold Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Gliosarcoma Radiotherapy
Authors: Engels Elette , Lerch Michael , Corde Stéphanie , Tehei Moeava
Published: October 2023

Targeted brain cancer treatments are sorely needed to improve long-term prognosis, particularly for gliosarcoma and glioblastoma patients. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have unique properties including high atomic number, biocompatibility, and small size for cancer cell internalization. GNPs are consequently an ideal candidate for improved cancer targeting using image-guided radiotherapy. This work investigated 15 nm AuroVistTM GNPs for image-guided gliosarcoma radiotherapy and identified optimum GNP concentrations. The GNPs were found to be 15–20 nm using optical surface plasmon resonance absorption, with a (41.3 ± 0.3) nm hydrodynamic diameter. Confocal imaging showed that 50–500 µg/mL of the GNPs was well-internalized into the 9L cells within 24–48 h. γ-H2AX assays showed that 50–500 µg/mL of the GNPs radiosensitized the 9L cells irradiated with 125 and 150 kVp X-rays. However, only 500 µg/mL of the GNPs produced significant long-term dose enhancement with 150 kVp X-rays (with a sensitization enhancement ratio at 10% survival of 1.43, and 1.13 with 50 µg/mL) using clonogenic assay. CT imaging of the GNPs in the 9L tumors in Fischer rats further showed that GNP concentrations above 500 µg/mL were required to distinguish the tumor from the brain, and the GNPs were detected 48 h after injection. These promising results indicate that the GNPs can be used for selective gliosarcoma treatment with image-guided X-ray radiotherapy at concentrations above 500 µg/mL.
Improving Strength and Fatigue Resistance in Post-Polio Syndrome Individuals with REAC Neurobiological Treatments
Authors: Pereira Motta Monalisa , Oliveira Acary Souza Bulle , André Nogueira Jeyce Adrielly , Vieira de Souza Moscardi Alcione Aparecida , Munhoz Teixeira Claudete , Manchim Favaro Vanessa , Simcsik Amanda Orasmo , Conde Salete , Patrizi Maria Clara , Rinaldi Chiara , Fontani Vania , Rinaldi Salvatore
Published: October 2023

Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) is a chronic condition characterized by the emergence of new symptoms and functional decline in individuals who previously had polio. Despite advances in medical understanding, management of PPS remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the use of neurobiological modulation treatments using Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) technology on fatigue and muscle strength. An open-label study was conducted with 17 patients submitted to four neuromodulation protocols: Neuro Postural Optimization (NPO), Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization (NPPO), Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization—Cervico Brachial (NPPO-CB), and Neuromuscular Optimization (NMO). The Time Up and Go (TUG) test, Handgrip Strength Test, and Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (RPFS) were used to assess participants’ fatigue and muscle strength, being applied at the beginning and end of each protocol. The results obtained from the improvement in strength, physical endurance, and particularly the RPFS behavioral dimension, affective dimension, and psychological sensory dimension, through the utilization of REAC neurobiological modulation treatments, highlight this correlation. These results suggest that these treatments could be considered as a potential therapeutic approach for PPS.
Analysis of Intraoperative Variables Responsible for the Increase in Lactic Acid in Patients Undergoing Debulking Surgery
Authors: Soriano Hervás Marta , Robles-Hernández Daniel , Serra Anna , Játiva-Porcar Rosa , Gómez Quiles Luis , Maiocchi Karina , Llorca Sara , Climent María Teresa , Llueca Antoni
Published: October 2023

Background: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) is a complex procedure with a high incidence of perioperative complications. Elevated lactacidaemia levels have been associated with complications and perioperative morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyse the intraoperative variables of patients undergoing CRS and their relationship with lactacidaemia levels. Methods: This retrospective, observational study included 51 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis who underwent CRS between 2014 and 2016 at the Abdomino-Pelvic Oncological Surgery Reference Unit (URCOAP) of the General University Hospital of Castellón (HGUCS). The main variable of interest was the level of lactic acid at the end of surgery. Intraoperative variables, including preoperative haemoglobin, duration of surgery, intraoperative bleeding, fluid therapy administered, administration of blood products, and intraoperative peritoneal cancer index (PCI), were analysed. Results: Positive correlations were found between lactic acid levels and PCI, duration of intervention, fluid therapy, intraoperative bleeding, and transfusion of blood products. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between haemoglobin levels and lactic acid levels. Notably, the strongest correlations were found with operative PCI (ρ = 0.532; p-value < 0.001) and duration of surgery (ρ = 0.518; p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: PCI and duration of surgery are decisive variables in determining the prognosis of patients undergoing debulking surgery. This study suggests that, for each minute of surgery, lactic acid levels increase by 0.005 mmol/L, and for each unit increase in PCI, lactic acid levels increase by 0.060 mmol/L.
Conservation Responsibility for Priority Habitats under Future Climate Conditions: A Case Study on Juniperus drupacea Forests in Greece
Authors: Kokkoris Ioannis P. , Kougioumoutzis Konstantinos , Charalampopoulos Ioannis , Apostolidis Ektor , Apostolidis Ilias , Strid Arne , Dimopoulos Panayotis
Published: October 2023

Juniperus drupacea is a highly morphologically and genetically differentiated Tertiary relict, displaying a disjunct geographical range in the eastern Mediterranean. Being a thermophilous, light-demanding, and moderately drought-resistant tree, it survived the past climatic oscillations via altitudinal migration. The species has its westernmost range limit, and its only populations in the EU, in Mts Parnon and Taygetos (Greece). These populations are genetically isolated and distinct compared to their Asian counterparts. For Europe, Juniperus drupacea is categorized as an endangered species by the IUCN. Juniperus drupacea forests constitute a priority habitat for conservation in the EU. However, the species’ conservation status has never been assessed in Greece and the same applies to its climate and land-use change assessment. As Greece is already facing the short-term impacts of climate- and human-induced land-use change, studies dealing with the potential long-term climate- and land-use change effects on rare plant species distribution are urgently needed to implement efficient conservation management plans. Our research employs species distribution models, considering multiple climate scenarios and abiotic factors across different timeframes (2020s, 2050s, 2080s), factoring in the potential threat of forest fires. Additionally, we assess the species’ extinction risk at the European level, according to IUCN Criteria A and B. Study findings indicate significant habitat changes and an elevated extinction risk for Juniperus drupacea in Greece. To safeguard this priority habitat, informed conservation strategies, management plans, and policy making are recommended, based on our scientific insights.
Efficacy of Pirfenidone According to Dose in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Prospective, Observational, Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Ho Young , Jung So Young , Jang Ji Hoon , Ko Junghae , Kim Dae-Wook , Her Minyoung , Lee Jae Ha
Published: October 2023

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with a poor prognosis. Pirfenidone is approved and widely used for the treatment of IPF and reduces lung function decline. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of pirfenidone for the prevention of disease progression in patients with IPF. Methods: This was a prospective, observational, single-center cohort study conducted in Haeundae Paik Hospital, Republic of Korea, from April 2021 to March 2023. IPF patients were assigned to three groups according to the dose of pirfenidone (600 mg, 1200 mg, 1800 mg). Disease progression was defined as an absolute decline to ≥5% of forced vital capacity (FVC) (% predicted value) or an absolute decline to ≥10% of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco) (% predicted value) over 12 months. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the clinical effects of pirfenidone of each dosage on disease progression in IPF patients by comparing the FVC (% predicted value) and DLco (% predicted value) values over 12 months. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the prognostic value of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) in the disease progression in IPF patients using the baseline KL-6 value and the change in KL-6 values between the baseline and 12 months. Results: A total of 44 patients were enrolled, of whom 39 completed the study, with 13 patients assigned to each of the three groups. The median age was 71.7 years, and 79.5% of patients were men. The baseline characteristics were similar across groups, except the 600 mg group was older (75.9 vs. 69.2 vs. 68.2 years, p = 0.016). The overall median change in FVC and DLco over 12 months was −2.7% (IQR: −9.1%, −1.2%) and −3.8% (IQR: −13.6%, −3.7%), respectively. There was no difference in the decline in FVC (change in FVC, % predicted value: −3.23 vs. −4.08 vs. −1.54, p = 0.621) and DLco (change in DLco, % predicted value: 0.00 vs. −3.62 vs. −3.15, p = 0.437) among the three groups. Fourteen patients (35.9%) suffered disease progression. The rate of disease progression did not differ according to the dose of pirfenidone (38.5 vs. 38.5 vs. 30.8%, p = 1.000). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, KL-6 was not a statistically significant predictor of disease progression. Conclusions: In our study, regardless of dose, consistent pirfenidone use for 12 months resulted in similar efficacy for the prevention of disease progression in patients with IPF. Large-scale, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed.
Influence of the Mesoporosity of Hierarchical ZSM-5 in Toluene Alkylation by Methanol
Authors: Desmurs Lucie , Cammarano Claudia , Gimello Olinda , Galarneau Anne , Hulea Vasile
Published: October 2023

Among the different strategies to design highly shape-selective ZSM-5 to obtain para-xylene through toluene alkylation with methanol, the introduction of mesopores to increase reactant and product diffusion has been proposed but barely studied. In this study, we prepared mesoporous ZSM-5 catalysts, named ZSM5-MT(x), from commercial ZSM-5 (Si/Al = 15), using a two-step micelle-templating procedure with octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant in basic medium (x = NaOH/Si). These materials were used as catalysts for the alkylation of toluene by methanol at a low contact time to avoid thermodynamic equilibrium of the xylene isomers. Compared to the parent ZSM-5, the mesoporous ZSM5-MT(x) catalysts did not improve the para-xylene selectivity, revealing that the strategy of increasing diffusion in the catalyst is not a good strategy to follow. However, ZSM5-MT(0.5) showed less deactivation on stream than the parent ZSM-5. Therefore, introducing mesopores to ZSM-5 could be interesting to explore, combined with another strategy of shape selectivity, such as the passivation of the external surface acidity.
A Review: Synthesis and Applications of Titanium Sub-Oxides
Authors: Wu Xiaoping , Wang Haibo , Wang Yu
Published: October 2023

Magnéli phase titanium oxides, also called titanium sub-oxides (TinO2n−1, 4 < n < 9), are a series of electrically conducting ceramic materials. The synthesis and applications of these materials have recently attracted tremendous attention because of their applications in a number of existing and emerging areas. Titanium sub-oxides are generally synthesized through the reduction of titanium dioxide using hydrogen, carbon, metals or metal hydrides as reduction agents. More recently, the synthesis of nanostructured titanium sub-oxides has been making progress through optimizing thermal reduction processes or using new titanium-containing precursors. Titanium sub-oxides have attractive properties such as electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and optical properties. Titanium sub-oxides have played important roles in a number of areas such as conducting materials, fuel cells and organic degradation. Titanium sub-oxides also show promising applications in batteries, solar energy, coatings and electronic and optoelectronic devices. Titanium sub-oxides are expected to become more important materials in the future. In this review, the recent progress in the synthesis methods and applications of titanium sub-oxides in the existing and emerging areas are reviewed.
Diffusion Nitride Coatings for Heat-Resistant Steels
Authors: Berladir Khrystyna , Hovorun Tetiana , Ivanov Vitalii , Vukelic Djordje , Pavlenko Ivan
Published: October 2023

The effect of ion nitriding and nitriding in a melamine-based powder mixture on the structure and properties of AISI A290C1M steel was studied in the paper. Using ion nitriding made it possible to shorten the technological cycle’s duration by 5–6 times compared to two-stage nitriding, optimize the diffusion layer’s composition, provide a technologically simple process automation scheme, and improve the quality of nitride coatings. After the proposed mode of ion nitriding, a saturated layer depth of 0.25–0.32 mm, hardness up to 1000 HV, and an increase in wear resistance by 2.17 times were obtained. Using 95% melamine + 5% sodium fluoride during nitriding in a powder mixture significantly simplified the technological process. It did not require additional expensive equipment, which in turn significantly simplified the nitriding process with energy savings. The proposed technology and the composition of the mixture contributed to a significant acceleration of the nitriding process of AISI A290C1M steel, compared to traditional gas nitriding, and to obtain a hardness of the nitride layer of 970 HV and an increase in wear resistance by 2.6 times. A nitriding speed is explained by a significantly higher amount of atomic nitrogen when using melamine instead of ammonia and by the almost simultaneous disintegration of nanodispersed particles when the nitriding temperature was reached. After nitriding in a powder mixture, steel was subject to the slightest wear.
Adsorption and Visible Photocatalytic Synergistic Removal of a Cationic Dye with the Composite Material BiVO4/MgAl–LDHs
Authors: Wang Yuquan , Xu Yidong , Cai Xinjie , Wu Jinting
Published: October 2023

Adsorption and photocatalysis are effective in removing organic pollutants from wastewater. This study is based on the memory effects of MgAl–layered double hydroxides (MgAl–LDHs) after high-temperature calcination. By introducing bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) during the reformation of the layered structure via contact with water, a composite material BiVO4/MgAl–LDHs with enhanced adsorption and visible light catalytic performance was synthesized. The effects of the calcination temperature, ratio, initial methylene blue (MB) concentration, and catalyst dosage on the adsorption and photocatalytic performance were investigated. The BiVO4/MgAl–LDHs showed better photocatalytic performance than the pure BiVO4 and MgAl–LDHs. Under the optimal conditions, the proportion of MB adsorbed in 20 min was 66.1%, and the percentage of MB degraded during 100 min of photolysis was 92.4%. The composite photocatalyst showed good chemical stability and cyclability, and the adsorption-degradation rate was 86% after four cycles. Analyses of the adsorption and photocatalytic mechanisms for the composite material showed that synergistic adsorption and visible light photocatalysis contributed to the excellent catalytic performance of the BiVO4/MgAl–LDHs. A highly adsorbent photocatalytic composite material exhibiting outstanding performance was prepared via a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method, providing reference information for the removal of organic pollutants from liquids.
An Integrated Group Decision-Making Framework for the Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Cloud Platforms Based on Fractional Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Abdullah Saleem , Saifullah  , Almagrabi Alaa O.
Published: October 2023

Due to the rapid development of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), the analysis of AI cloud platforms is now a key area of research. Assessing the wide range of frameworks available and choosing the ideal AI cloud providers that may accommodate the demands and resources of a company is mandatory. There are several options, all having their own benefits and limitations. The evaluation of artificial intelligence cloud platforms is a multiple criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) process. This article establishes a collection of Einstein geometric aggregation operators (AoPs) and a novel Fractional Fuzzy VIKOR and Fractional Fuzzy Extended TOPSIS based on the entropy weight of criteria in fractional fuzzy sets (FFSs) for this scenario. The FFSs provide an evaluation circumstance containing more information, which makes the final decision-making results more accurate. Finally, this framework is then implemented in a computational case study for the evaluation of artificial intelligence cloud platforms and comparison of this model with other existing approaches, such as the extended GRA approach, to check the consistency and accuracy of the proposed technique. The most optimal artificial intelligence cloud platform is I1
A Family of Truncated Positive Distributions
Authors: Gómez Héctor J. , Santoro Karol I. , Barranco-Chamorro Inmaculada , Venegas Osvaldo , Gallardo Diego I. , Gómez Héctor W.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, a new family of continuous distributions with positive support is introduced. This family is generated by a truncation of the family of univariate symmetrical distributions. In this new family of distributions, general properties, such as moments, asymmetry and kurtosis coefficients, are derived. Particular cases of interest based on the normal, logistic, Laplace and Cauchy models are discussed in depth. The estimation of parameters is carried out by applying moments and maximum likelihood methods. Also, a simulation study was conducted to illustrate the good performance of estimators. An application to the Survival Times (in days) of Guinea Pigs dataset is included, where the special cases of distributions in this family are fitted. The option which provides the best fit is ultimately chosen. An R package, called “tpn”, has been implemented, which includes the relevant cases of interest in this family.
Dietary Phospholipids Alleviate Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice: Which Fatty Acids and Which Polar Head
Authors: Zhang Lingyu , Mu Jiaqin , Meng Jing , Su Wenjin , Li Jian
Published: October 2023

The weight loss effects of dietary phospholipids have been extensively studied. However, little attention has been paid to the influence of phospholipids (PLs) with different fatty acids and polar headgroups on the development of obesity. High-fat-diet-fed mice were administrated with different kinds of PLs (2%, w/w) with specific fatty acids and headgroups, including EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylserine (EPA-PC/PE/PS), DHA-PC/PE/PS, Egg-PC/PE/PS, and Soy-PC/PE/PS for eight weeks. Body weight, white adipose tissue weight, and the levels of serum lipid and inflammatory markers were measured. The expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver were determined. The results showed that PLs decreased body weight, fat storage, and circulating lipid levels, and EPA-PLs had the best efficiency. Serum TNF-α, MCP-1 levels were significantly reduced via treatment with DHA-PLs and PS groups. Mechanistic investigation revealed that PLs, especially EPA-PLs and PSs, reduced fat accumulation through enhancing the expression of genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation (Cpt1a, Cpt2, Cd36, and Acaa1a) and downregulating lipogenesis gene (Srebp1c, Scd1, Fas, and Acc) expression. These data suggest that EPA-PS exhibits the best effects among other PLs in terms of ameliorating obesity, which might be attributed to the fatty acid composition of phospholipids, as well as their headgroup.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Fucan from Spatoglossum schröederi in a Murine Model of Generalized Inflammation Induced by Zymosan
Authors: Silva Ana Katarina Andrade , Souza Cássio Ricardo de Medeiros , Silva Hylarina Montenegro Diniz , Jales Jéssica Teixeira , Gomez Lucas Alves de Souza , da Silveira Ericka Janine Dantas , Rocha Hugo Alexandre Oliveira , Souto Janeusa Trindade
Published: October 2023

Fucans from marine algae have been the object of many studies that demonstrated a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to verify the protective effects of a fucan extracted from the brown algae Spatoglossum schröederi in animals submitted to a generalized inflammation model induced by zymosan (ZIGI). BALB/c mice were first submitted to zymosan-induced peritonitis to evaluate the treatment dose capable of inhibiting the induced cellular migration in a simple model of inflammation. Mice were treated by the intravenous route with three doses (20, 10, and 5 mg/kg) of our fucan and, 1 h later, were inoculated with an intraperitoneal dose of zymosan (40 mg/kg). Peritoneal exudate was collected 24 h later for the evaluation of leukocyte migration. Doses of the fucan of Spatoglossum schröederi at 20 and 10 mg/kg reduced peritoneal cellular migration and were selected to perform ZIGI experiments. In the ZIGI model, treatment was administered 1 h before and 6 h after the zymosan inoculation (500 mg/kg). Treatments and challenges were administered via intravenous and intraperitoneal routes, respectively. Systemic toxicity was assessed 6 h after inoculation, based on three clinical signs (bristly hair, prostration, and diarrhea). The peritoneal exudate was collected to assess cellular migration and IL-6 levels, while blood samples were collected to determine IL-6, ALT, and AST levels. Liver tissue was collected for histopathological analysis. In another experimental series, weight loss was evaluated for 15 days after zymosan inoculation and fucan treatment. The fucan treatment did not present any effect on ZIGI systemic toxicity; however, a fucan dose of 20 mg/kg was capable of reducing the weight loss in treated mice. The treatment with both doses also reduced the cellular migration and reduced IL-6 levels in peritoneal exudate and serum in doses of 20 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. They also presented a protective effect in the liver, with a reduction in hepatic transaminase levels in both doses of treatment and attenuated histological damage in the liver at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Fucan from S. schröederi presented a promising pharmacological activity upon the murine model of ZIGI, with potential anti-inflammatory and hepatic protective effects, and should be the target of profound and elucidative studies.
Alkaline Phosphatase PhoD Mutation Induces Fatty Acid and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LC-PUFA)-Bound Phospholipid Production in the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Zhang Kaidian , Li Jiashun , Cheng Jie , Lin Senjie
Published: October 2023

With rapid growth and high lipid contents, microalgae have become promising environmentally friendly candidates for renewable biodiesel and health supplements in our era of global warming and energy depletion. Various pathways have been explored to enhance algal lipid production, especially gene editing. Previously, we found that the functional loss of PhoD-type alkaline phosphatase (AP), a phosphorus-stress indicator in phytoplankton, could lead to increased lipid contents in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, but how the AP mutation may change lipid composition remains unexplored. This study addresses the gap in the research and investigates the effects of PhoD-type AP mutation on the lipid composition and metabolic regulation in P. tricornutum using transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses. We observed significantly modified lipid composition and elevated production of fatty acids, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, ceramide, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, and monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol after PhoD_45757 mutation. Meanwhile, genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were upregulated in mutant cells. Moreover, the mutant exhibited increased contents of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA)-bound phospholipids, indicating that PhoD_45757 mutation could improve the potential bioavailability of PUFAs. Our findings indicate that AP mutation could influence cellular lipid synthesis and probably redirect carbon toward lipid production and further demonstrate that AP mutation is a promising approach for the development of high-value microalgal strains for biomedical and other applications.
Lifestyle and Diet as Risk Factors for Urinary Stone Formation: A Study in a Taiwanese Population
Authors: Wu Ya-Chun , Hou Chen-Pang , Weng Shu-Chuan
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract stones have long been a common ailment afflicting the population, with a high incidence and a wide distribution across different age groups. Effectively preventing the occurrence of urinary tract stones is of paramount importance. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the correlations between individual characteristics, water consumption habits, dietary habits, exercise habits, and the occurrence of urinary tract stones in a Taiwanese population. Materials and Methods: This study is cross-sectional research conducted over one month in 2022. One hundred eligible urinary stone cases were recruited through physician screening at outpatient clinics, and an additional one hundred samples from surgical outpatients without urinary tract stones were included as the control group. A questionnaire survey was employed to gather information on demographic variables, dietary habits, water consumption, and exercise habits of the cases. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were used to explore the impact of relevant factors on urinary stone formation. Results: The analysis results revealed that among the demographic variables, males exhibited a higher risk of contracting urinary tract stones than females, and the majority of cases fell within the 40- to 49-year-old age group. Unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking and betel nut chewing also demonstrated a higher susceptibility to urinary tract stones. A logistic regression analysis showed that individuals who engaged in physical activity more than three times per week and those with inadequate water intakes had a higher risk of developing urinary tract stones. Conclusions: There is a close relationship between lifestyle and urinary tract stones. It is recommended that individuals continue to hydrate adequately during exercise.
RETRACTED: Dewi et al. Efficacy of Intermittent and Continuous Subglottic Secretion Drainage in Preventing the Risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials. Medicina 2023, 59, 283
Authors: Dewi Yulis Setiya , Arifin Hidayat , Pradipta Rifky Octavia , Qona’ah Arina , Rosita Rosita , Giatin Cindy Nanda , Dawod Kamel Gauda Amel
Published: October 2023

The journal retracts the article entitled “Efficacy of Intermittent and Continuous Subglottic Secretion Drainage in Preventing the Risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials” [...]
High-Performance FAU Zeolite Membranes Derived from Nano-Seeds for Gas Separation
Authors: Wang Qing , Chen Huiyuan , He Feiyang , Liu Qiao , Xu Nong , Fan Long , Wang Chuyan , Zhang Lingyun , Zhou Rongfei
Published: October 2023

In this study, high-performance FAU (NaY type) zeolite membranes were successfully synthesized using small-sized seeds of 50 nm, and their gas separation performance was systematically evaluated. Employing nano-sized NaY seeds and an ultra-dilute reaction solution with a molar composition of 80 Na2O: 1Al2O3: 19 SiO2: 5000H2O, the effects of synthesis temperature, crystallization time, and porous support (α-Al2O3 or mullite) on the formation of FAU membranes were investigated. The results illustrated that further extending the crystallization time or increasing the synthesis temperature led to the formation of a NaP impurity phase on the FAU membrane layer. The most promising FAU membrane with a thickness of 2.7 µm was synthesized on an α-Al2O3 support at 368 K for 8 h and had good reproducibility. The H2 permeance of the membrane was as high as 5.34 × 10−7 mol/(m2 s Pa), and the H2/C3H8 and H2/i-C4H10 selectivities were 183 and 315, respectively. The C3H6/C3H8 selectivity of the membrane was as high as 46, with a remarkably high C3H6 permeance of 1.35 × 10−7 mol/(m2 s Pa). The excellent separation performance of the membrane is mainly attributed to the thin, defect-free membrane layer and the relatively wide pore size (0.74 nm).
Tackling Multi-Physics Nano-Scale Phenomena in Capillary Force Lithography with Small Data by Hybrid Intelligence
Authors: Chapagain Ashish , Cho In Ho
Published: October 2023

The scientific community has been looking for novel approaches to develop nanostructures inspired by nature. However, due to the complicated processes involved, controlling the height of these nanostructures is challenging. Nanoscale capillary force lithography (CFL) is one way to use a photopolymer and alter its properties by exposing it to ultraviolet radiation. Nonetheless, the working mechanism of CFL is not fully understood due to a lack of enough information and first principles. One of these obscure behaviors is the sudden jump phenomenon—the sudden change in the height of the photopolymer depending on the UV exposure time and height of nano-grating (based on experimental data). This paper uses known physical principles alongside artificial intelligence to uncover the unknown physical principles responsible for the sudden jump phenomenon. The results showed promising results in identifying air diffusivity, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, and electric potential as the previously unknown physical principles that collectively explain the sudden jump phenomenon.
Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of FAdV-4 from Indigenous Chicken Breeds in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China
Authors: Lai Jinyu , Yang Liangyu , Chen Fashun , He Xingchen , Zhang Rongjie , Zhao Yong , Gao Gan , Mu Weiwu , Chen Xi , Luo Shiyu , Ren Tao , Xiang Bin
Published: October 2023

Fowl adenovirus-induced hepatitis–pericardial effusion syndrome outbreaks have been increasingly reported in China since 2015, resulting in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. The genetic diversity of indigenous chicken results in different immune traits, affecting the evolution of these viruses. Although the molecular epidemiology of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has been well studied in commercial broiler and layer chickens, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of FAdV-4 in indigenous chickens remain largely unknown. In this study, samples were collected from six indigenous chicken breeds in Yunnan province, China. FAdV-positive samples were identified in five of the six indigenous chicken populations via PCR and 10 isolates were obtained. All FAdVs belonged to serotype FAdV-4 and species FAdV-C. The hexon, fiber, and penton gene sequence comparison analysis demonstrated that the prevalence of FAdV-4 isolates in these chickens might have originated from other provinces that exported chicks and poultry products to Yunnan province. Moreover, several distinct amino acid mutations were firstly identified in the major structural proteins. Our findings highlighted the need to decrease inter-regional movements of live poultry to protect indigenous chicken genetic resources and that the immune traits of these indigenous chickens might result in new mutations of FAdV-4 strains.
Ammonium-Bearing Fluorapophyllite-(K) in the Magnesian Skarns from Aleului Valley, Pietroasa, Romania
Authors: Marincea Ştefan , Dumitraş Delia-Georgeta , Sava Ghineţ Cristina , Filiuţă Andra Elena , Dal Bo Fabrice , Hatert Frédéric , Costin Gelu
Published: October 2023

An ammonium-bearing fluorapophyllite-(K) occurs as a late hydrothermal product in the outer endoskarn zone from Aleului Valley (N 46°37′04″, E 22°35′22″), located at the contact of the granodiorite laccolith from Pietroasa, of Upper Cretaceous age, with Anisian dolostones. Associated minerals are wollastonite, K feldspar, diopside, fluorapatite, talc, and pectolite. The chemical structural formula is [K0.985Na0.012(NH4)0.076]Σ=1.073(Ca4.009Mn0.001Fe2+0.003Mg0.002Ba0.001)Σ=4.016(Si7.953Al0.047) O20.029[F0.899(OH)0.101]·8.059H2O. The structure was successfully refined as tetragonal, space group P4/mnc, with cell parameters of a = 8.9685(1) Å and c = 15.7885(5) Å. The indices of refraction are ω = 1.534(1) and ε = 1.536(1). The calculated density is Dx = 2.381 g/cm3, in good agreement with the measured density, Dm = 2.379(4) g/cm3. The thermal analysis shows that the mineral completely dehydrates at up to 450 °C (endothermic effects at 330, 371, and 448 °C) and loses ammonium at 634 °C. In the infrared spectra, the multiplicity of the bands assumed to be silicate modes (1ν1 + 3ν3 + 2ν2 + 3ν4) agrees with the reduction in the symmetry of the SiO44− ion from Td to Cδ. Fluorapophyllite-(K) from Aleului Valley is of late hydrothermal origin and crystallized from F-rich fluids originating from the granodiorite intrusion, which mobilized K, Ca, and Si from the pre-existing feldspar.
Saturation Influence on Reduction of Compressive Strength for Carbonate Dimension Stone in Croatia
Authors: Briševac Zlatko , Maričić Ana , Kujundžić Trpimir , Hrženjak Petar
Published: October 2023

Dimension stone is a valuable mineral raw material whose importance is increasing worldwide. According to its mineralogical and petrographical composition, Croatian dimension stone belongs to the carbonates, primarily limestones. As saturation influences the reduction of compressive strength, in this study, the relationship between the uniaxial compressive strength in the dry and saturated states is shown, which has a coefficient of determination of 0.9605. Models were created to estimate the compressive strength based on the values of water absorption, total porosity, and real density of the material from 26 sites, all determined according to the European standards EN 1936:2006 and EN 13755:2008. Thirty varieties of dimension stones were tested, and 150 values were collected from different tests. A dependence between the uniaxial compressive strength in the saturated state was established, including the explanation in which cases the correlation can be used to estimate the uniaxial compressive strength of carbonate dimension stones with a remarkably high degree of confidence (0.994 and 0.9374). In addition, the limitations of geomechanical estimation of the uniaxial compressive strength of rock material and its unsuitability for estimating of dimension stones construction are described.
Mechanistic Studies on Aluminum-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Alternating Copolymerization of Maleic Anhydride with Epoxides: Ligand Effects and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Model
Authors: Xu Xiaowei , Li Hao , Mehmood Andleeb , Chi Kebin , Shi Dejun , Wang Zhuozheng , Wang Bin , Li Yuesheng , Luo Yi
Published: October 2023

Previous work has indicated that aluminum (Al) complexes supported by a bipyridine bisphenolate (BpyBph) ligand exhibit higher activity in the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of maleic anhydride (MAH) and propylene oxide (PO) than their salen counterparts. Such a ligand effect in Al-catalyzed MAH-PO copolymerization reactions has yet to be clarified. Herein, the origin and applicability of the ligand effect have been explored by density functional theory, based on the mechanistic analysis for chain initiation and propagation. We found that the lower LUMO energy of the (BpyBph)AlCl complex accounts for its higher activity than the (salen)AlCl counterpart in MAH/epoxide copolymerizations. Inspired by the ligand effect, a structure-energy model was further established for catalytic activity (TOF value) predictions. It is found that the LUMO energies of aluminum chloride complexes and their average NBO charges of coordinating oxygen atoms correlate with the catalytic activity (TOF value) of Al complexes (R2 value of 0.98 and ‘3-fold’ cross-validation Q2 value of 0.88). This verified that such a ligand effect is generally applicable in anhydride/epoxide ROCOP catalyzed by aluminum complex and provides hints for future catalyst design.
Recent Advances in Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI)-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): Applications, Mechanisms, and Future Prospects
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Ye Yuyuan , Xu Linli , Gao Ting , Zhong Aiguo , Song Zhenjun
Published: October 2023

The fast rise of organic pollution has posed severe health risks to human beings and toxic issues to ecosystems. Proper disposal toward these organic contaminants is significant to maintain a green and sustainable development. Among various techniques for environmental remediation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can non-selectively oxidize and mineralize organic contaminants into CO2, H2O, and inorganic salts using free radicals that are generated from the activation of oxidants, such as persulfate, H2O2, O2, peracetic acid, periodate, percarbonate, etc., while the activation of oxidants using catalysts via Fenton-type reactions is crucial for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., •OH, •SO4−, •O2−, •O3CCH3, •O2CCH3, •IO3, •CO3−, and 1O2. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), with a core of Fe0 that performs a sustained activation effect in AOPs by gradually releasing ferrous ions, has been demonstrated as a cost-effective, high reactivity, easy recovery, easy recycling, and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst of AOPs. The combination of nZVI and AOPs, providing an appropriate way for the complete degradation of organic pollutants via indiscriminate oxidation of ROS, is emerging as an important technique for environmental remediation and has received considerable attention in the last decade. The following review comprises a short survey of the most recent reports in the applications of nZVI participating AOPs, their mechanisms, and future prospects. It contains six sections, an introduction into the theme, applications of persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, and other oxidants-based AOPs catalyzed with nZVI, and conclusions about the reported research with perspectives for future developments. Elucidation of the applications and mechanisms of nZVI-based AOPs with various oxidants may not only pave the way to more affordable AOP protocols, but may also promote exploration and fabrication of more effective and sustainable nZVI materials applicable in practical applications.
Fish Intake in Relation to Fatal and Non-Fatal Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Ricci Hannah , Gaeta Maddalena , Franchi Carlotta , Poli Andrea , Battino Maurizio , Dolci Alberto , Schmid Daniela , Ricci Cristian
Published: October 2023

Epidemiological studies have shown that eating fish significantly reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. However, more focused meta-analyses based on the most recent results from prospective cohort studies are needed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to update the association between fish intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using recent prospective studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guideline was conducted based on a random effects synthesis of multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) of high vs. low categories of fish intake in relation to CVD incidence and mortality. Non-linear meta-regression was applied to investigate the shape of the association between fish intake and CVD risk. Sensitivity analysis and stratifications by type of CVD outcome, type of fish intake and type of cooking were performed. Based on 18 papers reporting 17 independent estimates of CVD risk (1,442,407 participants and 78,805 fatal and non-fatal CVD events), high vs. low intake of fish corresponded to about 8% reduced CVD risk (RR = 0.93 [0.88–0.98]). According to a non-linear dose–response meta-regression, 50 g of fish intake per day corresponded to a statistically significant 9% reduced fatal and non-fatal CVD risk (RR = 0.92 [0.90–0.95]). Similarly, fish intake in the range of a weekly intake of two to three portions of fish with a size of 150 g resulted in 8% fatal and non-fatal CVD risk reduction (RR = 0.93 [0.91–0.96]). The recommended two portions of fish a week reduces the risk of CVD outcomes by approximately 10%. A full portion of fish a day reduces CVD risk by up to 30%.
Behaviors Related to Limiting Fat Intake among Young Adults in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mumena Walaa Abdullah , Owaidhah Lamar Haitham , Alsaadi Ruba Abdulrahman , Aljuhani Nada Mohammed , Almehmadi Laila Sulaiman , Kutbi Hebah Alawi
Published: October 2023

Young adults tend to frequently consume foods that are high in fat. Efforts to limit the consumption of fat among the Saudi population have been initiated; however, data concerning current behaviors related to limiting fat intake are lacking. We aimed to explore behaviors related to limiting fat intake and to investigate the association with fat intake among young adults in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 305 students aged ≥19 years were recruited from Taibah University, Madinah. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data concerning sociodemographic status, behaviors related to limiting fat intake, and fat intake. The median score of behaviors related to limiting fat intake was significantly higher among females and supplement users compared to other groups. Healthy weight, overweight, and obese students reported a significantly higher score of behaviors related to limiting fat intake, compared to underweight students. Males who reported making an effort to limit the consumption of fatty foods consumed less total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat, while those who reported reading the nutrition fact labels of food products consumed more polyunsaturated fat. Females who reported reading nutrition fact labels consumed less saturated fat. Efforts to limit fat intake have been noted especially among females; however, these efforts were not linked to fat intake among young adults in Saudi Arabia.
Development of a Novel In Vitro Model to Study Lymphatic Uptake of Drugs via Artificial Chylomicrons
Authors: Yousef Malaz , Park Chulhun , Henostroza Mirla , Bou Chacra Nadia , Davies Neal M. , Löbenberg Raimar
Published: October 2023

The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the absorption of lipophilic drugs, making it an important route for drug delivery. In this study, an in vitro model using Intralipid® was developed to investigate the lymphatic uptake of drugs. The model was validated using cannabidiol, halofantrine, quercetin, and rifampicin. Remarkably, the uptake of these drugs closely mirrored what would transpire in vivo. Furthermore, adding peanut oil to the model system significantly increased the lymphatic uptake of rifampicin, consistent with meals containing fat stimulating lymphatic drug uptake. Conversely, the inclusion of pluronic L-81 was observed to inhibit the lymphatic uptake of rifampicin in the model. This in vitro model emerges as a valuable tool for investigating and predicting drug uptake via the lymphatic system. It marks the first phase in developing a physiologically based predictive tool that can be refined further to enhance the precision of drug interaction predictions with chylomicrons and their subsequent transport via the lymphatic system. Moreover, it can be employed to explore innovative drug formulations and excipients that either enhance or hinder lymphatic drug uptake. The insights gained from this study have significant implications for advancing drug delivery through the lymphatic system.
Population Pharmacodynamic Modelling of the CD19+ Suppression Effects of Rituximab in Paediatric Patients with Neurological and Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Riva Natalia , Brstilo Lucas , Sancho-Araiz Aymara , Molina Manuel , Savransky Andrea , Roffé Georgina , Sanz Marianela , Tenembaum Silvia , Katsicas Maria M. , Trocóniz Iñaki F. , Schaiquevich Paula
Published: October 2023

Background: Limited pharmacotherapy and the failure of conventional treatments in complex pathologies in children lead to increased off-label use of rituximab. We aimed to characterize the time course of CD19+ B lymphocytes (CD19+) under treatment with intravenous rituximab in children with neurologic and autoimmune diseases and to evaluate the impact of covariates (i.e., demographics, diagnosis and substitution between innovator and biosimilar product) on rituximab pharmacodynamics and disease activity. Methods: Pre- and post-drug infusion CD19+ in peripheral blood were prospectively registered. A population pharmacodynamic model describing the time course of CD19+ was developed with NONMEM v7.4. Simulations of three different rituximab regimens were performed to assess the impact on CD19+. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of clinical response recorded through disease activity scores. Results: 281 measurements of CD19+ lymphocyte counts obtained from 63 children with neurologic (n = 36) and autoimmune (n = 27) diseases were available. The time course of CD19+ was described with a turn-over model in which the balance between synthesis and degradation rates is disrupted by rituximab, increasing the latter process. The model predicts half-lives (percent coefficient of variation, CV(%)) of rituximab and CD19+ of 11.6 days (17%) and 173.3 days (22%), respectively. No statistically significant effect was found between any of the studied covariates and model parameters (p > 0.05). Simulations of different regimens showed no clinically significant differences in terms of CD19+ repopulation times. A trend towards a lack of clinical response was observed in patients with lower CD19+ repopulation times and higher areas under the CD19+ versus time curve. Conclusions: Rituximab pharmacodynamics was described in a real-world setting in children suffering from autoimmune and neurologic diseases. Diagnosis, substitution between innovator rituximab and its biosimilars or type of regimen did not affect rituximab-induced depletion of CD19+ nor the clinical response in this cohort of patients. According to this study, rituximab frequency and dosage may be chosen based on clinical convenience or safety reasons without affecting CD19+ repopulation times. Further studies in larger populations are required to confirm these results.
The Metaphysical Turn in the History of Thought: Anaximander and Buddhist Philosophy
Authors: Stella Aldo , Divino Federico
Published: October 2023

The present study, primarily of a theoretical nature, endeavors to accomplish two distinct objectives. First and foremost, it endeavors to engage in a thoughtful examination of the metaphysical significance that Anaximander’s philosophy embodies within the context of the nascent Western philosophical tradition. Furthermore, it aims to investigate how it was contemporaneous Buddhist thought, coeval with Anaximander’s era, that more explicitly elucidated the concept of the “void” as an inherent aspect of authentic existence. This elucidation was articulated through aphoristic discourse rather than being reliant on formal logical reasoning or structured arguments.