bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of gate electrode in influencing interface trap sensitivity in SOI tunnel FETs
Authors: Deb Deepjyoti , Goswami Rupam , Baruah Ratul Kr , Saha Rajesh , Kandpal Kavindra
Published: February 2022

This article reports the response of a silicon-on-insulator tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) to the presence of semiconductor/ gate dielectric interface traps. A systematic strategy is designed keeping in view different parameters which are related to the gate of the device. Acceptor-like traps, and donor-like traps with Gaussian distribution are considered at the said interface for the entire analysis. Sensitivity % is taken as a figure of merit which measures the deviation of the drain current in presence of traps from the cases with no traps. The effect of temperature on interface traps, and the effect of interface traps on gate leakage current are analyzed. The acceptor-like traps are found to affect the on-state regime, and the donor-like traps are found to affect the ambipolar regime. Analyses on gate–drain underlap, gate–source overlap, shift of entire gate over the device, and gate work-function suggest that the gate electrode plays an important role in determining the sensitivity of the TFETs. Furthermore, noise spectral densities in presence of flicker, diffusion, and monopolar generation-recombination noise sources, and interface traps are reported.
Experimental and modeling studies of the plasma chemistry in a humid Ar radiofrequency atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Jiang Jingkai , Kondeti V S Santosh K , Nayak Gaurav , Bruggeman Peter J
Published: February 2022

While humid atmospheric pressure plasmas are extensively modeled, reaction set validation for these conditions remains limited. We present a detailed comparison of a modelling and experimental study with a goal to elucidate the plasma chemistry in a humid Ar radiofrequency-driven atmospheric pressure plasma jet. A large group of species including radicals (H, OH, O, HO2) and long-lived species (H2, O2 and H2O2) in the jet effluent was experimentally quantified by molecular beam mass spectroscopy (MBMS). MBMS measurements of H2O2, OH and H were validated by direct comparison with a liquid phase colorimetric measurement, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and two-photon absorption LIF respectively. While an excellent agreement was found for OH and H2O2 by both techniques, a significant difference was found for H and shown to be due to boundary layer effects at the MBMS sampling substrate. The measured O, OH, HO2 and H2 are in good agreement with the plug model while H and O2 were underestimated and H2O2 was overestimated by the model. The accuracy of both the used reaction set and the diagnostics, as well as the observed discrepancies between the modeling and experimental results, are critically assessed. The results presented in this work enable us to identify further data needs for describing H2O vapor chemistry in low-temperature plasmas.
Band alignment of atomic layer deposited MoS2/(HfO2)
x
(Al2O3)1−x
heterojunctions for device applications
Authors: Zhao Dong-Hui , Tian Zi-Liang , Xu Hang , Chen Jin-Xin , Zhu Hao , Chen Lin , Sun Qing-Qing , Zhang David Wei
Published: February 2022

In this work, wafer-scale continuous and uniform MoS2/(HfO2)
x
(Al2O3)1−x
(HfAlO) heterojunctions were prepared by atomic layer deposition. The energy band alignment of MoS2/HfAlO heterojunctions was systematically investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The valence band offsets were deduced to be 3.19 ± 0.1, 3.01 ± 0.1, 2.94 ± 0.1, and 2.91 ± 0.1 eV for the heterojunctions of MoS2/Al2O3, MoS2/(HfO2)0.45(Al2O3)0.55, MoS2/(HfO2)0.60(Al2O3)0.40 and MoS2/(HfO2)0.78(Al2O3)0.22, while the conduction band offsets were measured as 2.51 ± 0.1, 2.17 ± 0.1, 2.00 ± 0.1, and 1.85 ± 0.1 eV, respectively. All MoS2/HfAlO interfaces exhibited type-I band alignment. Furthermore, a MoS2 field-effect transistor with HfAlO as the gate dielectric layer was fabricated, and the gate leakage of the device was only a few picoamperes, which ensured high reliability and low power consumption. These encouraging results suggest that HfAlO is a promising dielectric material for applications in MoS2-based electronics and optoelectronics.
Do stoichiometric or nonstoichiometric models of a polar surface affect their structural, energetic and electronic structure properties? A DFT case study of Ru/MgO(111)
Authors: Thang Ho Viet , Chen Hsin-Yi Tiffany
Published: February 2022

The structural, energetic and electronic structure properties of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric slab models of bare MgO(111) and Ru/MgO(111) with different coverages of 1 monolayer (ML), 1/4 ML and 1/16 ML have been investigated using spin-polarized density functional theory. Calculated results show that the structural, energetic properties and charge transfer of both bare MgO(111) and Ru/MgO(111) are independent of the stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric models. In contrast, their density of state (DOS) profiles demonstrate metal and half-metal characters for the stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric bare MgO(111) surfaces, respectively. The Ru–O orbital coupling characters of these two types of Ru/MgO(111) models are also different. This work indicates that for a polar surface model, the calculated features and trends of the structural and energetic properties, charge distributions and magnetic structures might not be affected by their stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric models; however, the detailed features of their DOS features would strongly depend on the models constructed.
Contour recognition method of Hall-effect-based whisker sensor
Authors: Zeng Lu , Zhang Shouming , Xie Tao , Zhao Chonglin
Published: February 2022

This paper introduces a novel Hall-effect-based whisker sensor and proposes a contour recognition algorithm for distinguishing and recognizing objects. The mechanical arm drives the sensor to move according to the contour recognition algorithm in the experiments, and the object contour is distinguished and recognized by processing the detected spatial magnetic field data. The results of identifying the measured object with harder carbon fiber and softer ABS whiskers were compared and analyzed, and a new design was proposed based on the advantages of soft and hard materials. The newly designed whisker with glass fiber and stainless steel rod nested reduced the contour recognition error to 4.1%. The experimental results showed that the sensor could distinguish the contour of the straight line and circular objects, and the glass fiber and stainless steel rod nested sensor had a better recognition effect.
Tuning the photoluminescence by engineering surface states/size of S, N co-doped carbon dots for cellular imaging applications
Authors: Sonsin Artur F , Silva Elaine C O , Marques Aldilane L X , Silva Lais V A T , Nascimento Sendy M S , Souza Samuel T , Borbely Alexandre U , Barbosa Cintya D’ Angeles E S , Fonseca Eduardo J S
Published: February 2022

In this research, we have synthesized carbon dots (CDs) co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur by facile hydrothermal method, using citric acid and cysteine as carbon source. The effect of solid-state thermic treatment (STT) at 303–453 K on the size, surface, fluorescence and cellular cytotoxicity of the CDs were systematically investigated. Through a simple STT, it was possible to tune surface states and the average size of the CDs, causing a permanent red shift. Initially, CDs showed a decrease in cell viability with increasing concentration. However, after STT, its viability remained constant with an increase in concentration. Here, we show the possibility to label the cells cytoplasm according to the CDs fluorescence emission before (blue emission) and after STT (red emission). The CDs studied in this paper show selective luminescence properties, which are fundamental for any cell imaging application.
Mg/Al-LDH as a nano-adjuvant for pertussis vaccine: a evaluation compared with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant
Authors: Li Dongdong , Xu Mengjie , Li Gaotian , Zheng Yu , Zhang Yong , Xia Dandan , Wang Shaoning , Chen Yan
Published: February 2022

Background. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been demonstrated as a highly efficient antigen platform to induce effective and durable immune response. However, whether LDH nanoparticles could act as an adjuvant for pertussis vaccines is still unknown. Here we evaluated the potential of Mg/Al-LDH as a nano-adjuvant to improve immune response against pertussis and compared it with commercial aluminum hydroxide (AH) adjuvant. Method. The Mg/Al-LDH nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction. The morphology, structure and size of Mg/Al-LDH were characterized by transmission electron microscope, x-ray diffraction and MALVERN particle analysis. The ovalbumin and Pertussis toxin (PTd) was adsorbed to Mg/Al-LDH. The immune response of antigen-LDH complex was evaluated in mice, compared with commercial adjuvant alum. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the inflammatory response at injection site. Results. The synthetic Mg/Al-LDH nanoparticles showed a typical hexagonal lamellar structure. The average size of synthetic nanoparticles was 102.9 nm with PDI of 0.13 and zeta potential was 44.4 mV. Mg/Al-LDH nanoparticles effectively adsorbed protein antigen and mediated antigen uptake by DC cells. Animal experiments showed that Mg/Al-LDH gave enhancement in anti-pertussis toxin (PTd) humoral immune response, which was considerable to commercial AH adjuvant. Finally, Mg/Al-LDH produced a slighter inflammatory response than AH at injection site and this injury was quickly recovered. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated the potential of Mg/Al-LDH as an effective adjuvant for pertussis vaccine, which induced comparable antibody response and had a better safety compared with commercial AH adjuvant.
Synthesis and solar blind photosensitivity of crystalline boron nanowires
Authors: Tao Yourong , Wu Xingcai , Zhang Dunming
Published: February 2022

Herein, single crystalline boron nanowires (BNWs) have been synthesized by chemical vapor transport using boron element as boron source, iodine as transport agent, and Au as catalyst. The results demonstrate that BNWs can be all formed at 600 °C–950 °C for 2 h, and possess rhombohedral crystal structure (β-boron). The NWs have diameters from several to hundreds of nanometers, and lengths from several to hundreds of microns. A single nanowire has been fabricated to field effect transistor (FET) which shows excellent solar blind photosensitivity and selectivity. The photo/dark current ratio and photoresponsitity is 1.14 and 97.6 mA W−1 at a bias of 5 V under light illumination of 254 nm with 0.42 mW cm−2, respectively, and both the rising and decay time of the on–off currents are 4.6 s and 10.3 s, respectively. When the FET is used as a personal breath sensor, the ratio of exsufflating and inhaling currents is 2.7, rising and decay time of the breath currents are 0.4 s and 2.2 s, respectively. So the BNWs are important sense materials.
Shadow and photon sphere of black hole in clouds of strings and quintessence *
Authors: He Aoyun , Tao Jun , Xue Yadong , Zhang Lingkai
Published: February 2022

In this study, we investigate the shadow and photon sphere of the black bole in clouds of strings and quintessence with static and infalling spherical accretions. We obtain the geodesics of the photons near a black hole with different impact parameters b to investigate how the string cloud model and quintessence influence the specific intensity by altering the geodesic and the average radial position of photons. In addition, the range of the string cloud parameter a is constrained to ensure that a shadow can be observed. Moreover, the light sources in the accretion follow a normal distribution with an attenuation factor γ, and we adopt a model of the photon emissivity

to obtain the specific intensities. Furthermore, the shadow with static spherical accretion is plotted, which demonstrates that the apparent shape of the shadow is a perfect circle, and the value of γ influences the brightness of the photon sphere. Subsequently, we investigate the profile and specific intensity of the shadows with static and infalling spherical accretions, respectively. The interior of the shadows with an infalling spherical accretion will be darker than that with the static spherical accretion, and the specific intensity with both static and infalling spherical accretions gradually converges.
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
Authors: Bonifazi Carla
Published: February 2022

Since its prediction in 1974, the measurement of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE υNS) has been a great challenge for many experimentalists. One of the main factors is the small recoil energies of the nucleus produced by this interaction, which is dominant for energies ≾ 50 MeV, for medium target masses. The detection was finally achieved by the COHERENT experiment in 2017 and several other experiments are currently close to performing this measurement for different neutrino energies and sources, thanks to the development of very low threshold and background detectors. Measuring CEυNS opens up new possibilities to test the Standard Model and to look for new physics beyond it. The purpose of this contribution is to provide a brief overview of the state-of-the-art on this subject, with a focus on some of the latest experimental results and future perspectives.
Reactor experiments review
Authors: Jollet Cécile
Published: February 2022

Reactors are a copious source of anti-neutrinos and for this reason they have been critical tools to pin down neutrino fundamental properties since their discovery. Depending on the distance between reactor cores and experiments different oscillation parameter regions can be probed: in this review the regimes of very short, short and medium baselines are discussed with highlights on the current results and prospectives. Furthermore the high resolution which can be nowadays achieved allows to understand better the contributions from different fissile elements in the anti-neutrino spectrum. Fuel composition analysis as well as sterile neutrino search are also discussed.
Cosmological radiation density with non-standard neutrino-electron interactions
Authors: Martínez-Miravé Pablo
Published: February 2022

Non-standard interactions (NSI) between neutrinos and electrons can significantly modify the decoupling of neutrinos from the plasma. These interactions have two effects on the overall picture: (i) they alter neutrino oscillations though matter effects and (ii) they modify the scattering and annihilation processes involving neutrinos and electrons and positrons. We study the role of non-universal and flavour-changing NSI in the decoupling and how they impact the determination of the effective number of neutrinos, N
eff. We examine the degeneracies between NSI parameters and we compare the expected sensitivity from future cosmological surveys with the current limits from terrestrial experiments. We outline the complementarity between both approaches.
Turnaround physics beyond spherical symmetry
Authors: Faraoni Valerio
Published: February 2022

The concept of turnaround radius in an accelerating universe is generalized to arbitrarily large deviations from spherical symmetry, as needed by astronomy. As a check, previous results for small deviations from spherical symmetry are recovered.
Testing fundamental cosmological assumptions with Euclid
Authors: Martinelli M , Martins C J A P , Nesseris S , Tutusaus I , Avgoustidis A , Blanchard A , Camera S , Carbone C , Casas S , Ilić S , Pettorino V , Sakr Z , Sapone D , Yankelevich V
Published: February 2022

The forthcoming Euclid survey will be able to map the large scale structure with unprecedented precision, with the aim of tightly constraining the standard cosmological model and its most common extensions. The great sensitivity of Euclid can however also be exploited to test our most fundamental assumptions at the basis of the cosmological investigation. In this work we present two recent results of the Euclid Consortium, where forecast Euclid products are used alongside data from other surveys to constrain violation of the distance duality relation and time evolution in the fine-structure constant. We show how Euclid will significantly contribute in constraining these effects, both connected with the presence of new physics beyond the standard cosmological model.
Characterization of an ultra-high purity NaI(Tl) crystal scintillator with the SABRE Proof-of-Principle detector
Authors: Mariani A.
Published: February 2022

The SABRE experiment aims to detect the annual modulation of the dark matter interaction rate by means of ultra-high purity NaI(Tl) crystals. It focuses on the achievement of a very low background to carry out a model-independent and high sensitivity test of the long-standing DAMA result. SABRE has recently completed a Proof-of-Principle (PoP) phase at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, devoted to assess the radiopurity of the crystals. The results on the radiopurity of a 3.4-kg NaI(Tl) crystal scintillator grown within the SABRE Collaboration and operated underground in the SABRE-PoP setup, will be reported and discussed. The amount of potassium content in the crystal, determined by direct counting of 40K, is found to be < 4.7 ppb at 90% CL. The average background rate in the 1-6 keV energy region of interest (ROI) is 1.20 ± 0.05 counts/day/kg/keV, which is, for the first time, comparable with DAMA/LIBRA-phasel. Our background model indicates that this rate is dominated by 210Pb, and that about half of this contamination is located in the PTFE reflector wrapped around the crystal. Ongoing developments aimed at a further reduction of radioactive contaminants in the crystal indicates that a background rate ≤ 0.3 counts/day/kg/keV in the ROI is within reach. This value represents a benchmark for the development of next-generation NaI(Tl) detector arrays for the direct detection of dark matter particles.
Atomic Compton scattering effect on direct dark matter detection
Authors: Fang Chang-Hao , Jia Haitao , Lin Shin-Ted
Published: February 2022

Atomic Compton scattering effect significantly contributes to low-energy electronic recoils below its k-shell energy for the direct dark matter detection. Searches on ADM models, dark photon models, leptophilic dark matter models as well as the conventional WIMPs for background understandings are vitally required to clarify the effect. We employed the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) together with the ab initio Multi-Configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) theory to obtain the atomic Compton scattering for Germanium (Ge) Silicon (Si) and Xenon (Xe) atoms. Comparisons on low momentum transfer regions with our calculations for Ge and Si are achieved. In addition, millicharged dark matter particles estimated by RIA in the atomic ionization for Ge and Xe have been evaluated. A factor-of-two discrepancy on the incoherent-scattering factor (a.k.a. scattering function) near 100 eV/c momentum transfer with the Ge system between our calculation and the latest version of Geant4 (10.07.02) simulation data is observed. Plans on the experimental verification and the perspectives of the atomic Compton scattering effect for the direct detections will be discussed.
Dark matter in a charged variant of the Scotogenic model
Authors: Puerta Miguel
Published: February 2022

Scotogenic models are among the most elegant and economic solutions that provide an explanation for two of the main open questions in particle physics: neutrino masses and dark matter (DM). In this work, after a brief discussion of the model, we present a phenomenological study of the DM candidate in a variant of the Scotogenic model. While in the original Scotogenic scenario the DM candidate can be fermionic or bosonic, only the latter is viable in this version. The presence of new charged states might reveal new regions in the parameter space compatible with current observations.
DM-like anomalies in neutron multiplicity spectra
Authors: Trzaska W. H. , Enqvist T. , Jedrzejczak K. , Joutsenvaara J. , Kasztelan M. , Kotavaara O. , Kuusiniemi P. , Loo K.K. , Orzechowski J. , Puputti J. , Slupecki M. , Szabelski J. , Usoskin I. , Warda T.E.
Published: February 2022

A new experiment collects data, since November 2019, at a depth of 210 m.w.e. in the Callio Lab in the Pyhasalmi mine in Finland. The setup, called NEMESIS (New Emma MEasurementS Including neutronS), incorporates infrastructure from the EMMA experiment with neutron and large-area plastic scintillator detectors. The experiment’s primary aim is to combine muon tracking with position-sensitive neutron detection to measure precision yields, multiplicities, and lateral distributions of high-multiplicity neutron events induced by cosmic muons in various materials. The data are relevant for background evaluation of the deep-underground searches for Dark Matter (DM), neutrino-less double beta decay, etc. Preliminary analysis revealed anomalies in muon-suppressed neutron multiplicity spectra collected during a 344-day run (live time) with a 565 kg Pb target. The spectra, otherwise well described by an exponential fit, show three peaks at high multiplicities. Although still at a low statistical significance, these small excesses match the outcome of an earlier measurement. The nature of the anomalies remains unclear, but, in principle, they may be a signature of self-annihilation of a WIMP with a mass close to 13 GeV/c2. With that assumption, the expected cross-section would be around 10−42 cm2 for Spin-Dependent or 10−46 cm2 for Spin Independent interactions. We propose verifying this hypothesis with an upgraded NEMESIS experiment, able to collect an order of magnitude more data than this measurement. Based on the statistical uncertainty, analysis of the event rate indicates that cross-section limits for DM mass range of approximately 3-40 GeV/c2 can be investigated with such a setup.
Dark Matter Search with the Nuclear Isomer 180mTa
Authors: Lehnert Bjoern
Published: February 2022

There is compelling cosmological and astrophysical evidence of dark matter comprising 27% of the energy budget of the Universe. However, dark matter has never been observed in direct detection experiments. The long-time favorite model of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles saw a large experimental effort with steady progress over recent decades. Since also these large-scale searches remain unsuccessful to date, it is compelling to look at more exotic dark matter models which can be constrained with new approaches and much less scientific resources. Using nuclear isomers is one of these approaches.

180m
Ta is the rarest known isotope with the longest-lived meta-stable state whose partial half-life limits are on the order of 1014016 yr. We investigate how strongly interacting dark matter and inelastic dark dark matter collides with 180m
Ta, leading to its de-excitation. The energy stored in the meta-stable state is released in the transition, which becomes the signature for thermalized dark matter in a well-shielded underground experiment.

We report on a direct detection experiment searching for these dark-matter-induced decay signatures which has further constrained the open parameter space. We also propose an indirect geochemical experiment to search for decay products of 180mTa in tantalum minerals accumulated over 1 billion years.
Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes into Light Dark Particles
Authors: Chianese Marco
Published: February 2022

We propose a novel way of investigating primordial black holes via the direct detection of light species, and viceversa. In particular, we examine the scenario, dubbed as ePBH-DM, where primordial black holes with masses from 1014 to 1016 g evaporate at present times into light dark species with masses smaller than 1 GeV. Such particles are typically emitted with relativistic velocities, thus allowing for their observations in direct detection experiments devoted to dark matter searches. Thus, we show that the latest data of the XENON1T experiment place very stringent constraints on the combined parameter space of primordial black holes and light dark particles.
Direct Detection of Dark Asteroid
Authors: Das Anirban , Ellis Sebastian A.R. , Schuster Philip C. , Zhou Kevin
Published: February 2022

Macroscopic dark matter is almost unconstrained over a wide “asteroid-like” mass range, where it could scatter on baryonic matter with geometric cross section. We show that when such an object travels through a star, it produces shock waves which reach the stellar surface, leading to a distinctive transient optical, UV and X-ray emission. This signature can be searched for on a variety of stellar types and locations. In a dense globular cluster, such events occur far more often than flare backgrounds, and an existing UV telescope could probe orders of magnitude in dark matter mass in one week of dedicated observation.
PICOLON dark matter search project
Authors: Fushimi K. , Chernyak D. , Ejiri H. , Hata K. , Hazama R. , Iida T. , Ikeda H. , Imagawa K. , Inoue K. , Ishiura H. , Ito H. , Kishimoto T. , Koga M. , Kotera K. , Kozlov A. , Nakamura K. , Orito R. , Shima T. , Takemoto Y. , Umehara S. , Urano Y. , Yamamoto Y. , Yasuda K. , Yoshida S.
Published: February 2022

PICOLON (Pure Inorganic Crystal Observatory for LOw-energy Neutr(al)ino) aims to search for cosmic dark matter by high purity NaI(Tl) scintillator. We developed extremely pure NaI(Tl) crystal by hybrid purification method. The recent result of 210Pb in our NaI(Tl) is less than 5.7 μBq/kg. We will report the test experiment in the low-background measurement at Kamioka Underground Laboratory. The sensitivity for annual modulating signals and finding dark matter particles will be discussed.
Status of the DEAP-3600 experiment
Authors: Kuźniak Marcin
Published: February 2022

DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon (LAr) dark matter detector, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada, which started taking data in 2016. The detector is sensitive to nuclear recoils induced by scattering of dark matter particles, which would cause emission of prompt scintillation light. DEAP-3600 demonstrated excellent performance, holds the leading WIMP exclusion among LAr detectors, and published several physics results. The WIMP sensitivity of the detector is currently limited by backgrounds induced by alpha activity at the LAr inlet, in a shadowed region of detector. The ongoing hardware upgrade aims at fixing that limitation and, in consequence, at reaching the full WIMP sensitivity. This paper summarizes the latest results from DEAP-3600 and details of the upgrade.
Searching signals of dark matter from unidentified Fermi-LAT objects with H.E.S.S
Authors: Montanari A , Moulin E , Malyshev D , Glawion D
Published: February 2022

Milky Way-sized galaxies harbor a population of unmerged dark matter subhalos, as shown from cosmological N-body simulations. These subhalos could shine in gamma-rays and be eventually detected as unidentified sources in gamma-ray surveys. From a thorough selection of unidentified Fermi-LAT Objects (UFOs), we observe four UFOs with H.E.S.S. and we search for very high-energy (VHE, E ≥ 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission. Considering dark matter masses above a few hundred GeV, the observed UFOs could be identified as dark matter subhalos, given their hard gamma-ray spectra in the few-ten-to-hundred GeV energy range. Since no significant very-high-energy gamma-ray emission is detected in any of the four UFOs dataset nor in the combined one, we derive constraints on the product of the velocity-weighted annihilation cross-section 〈συ〉 by the J-factor for the dark matter models. We derive 95% CL upper limits on 〈συ〉 J in W
+
W
− and τ+τ− annihilation channels for the TeV dark matter particles. Considering thermal WIMPs, we derive constraints on the J-factors from the H.E.S.S. observations. Assuming model-dependent predictions from cosmological N-body simulations on the J-factor distribution for Milky Way-sized galaxies, the dark matter models with masses greater than 0.3 TeV for the UFO emissions can be ruled out at high confidence level.
Searches for sub-PeV photons in coincidence with neutrinos
Authors: Romanenko V S , Afashokov Yu Z , Dzaparova I M , Dzhappuev D D , Dzhatdoev T A , Gorbacheva E A , Karpikov I S , Khadzhiev M M , Klimenko N F , Kudzhaev A U , Kurenya A N , Lidvansky A S , Mikhailova O I , Petkov V B , Podlesnyi E I , Rubtsov G I , Unatlokov I B , Vaiman I A , Yanin A F , Zhezher Ya V , Zhuravleva K V
Published: February 2022

The mechanisms of origin of ultrahigh-energy gamma radiation are poorly studied. One way to find out is to search for temporal and directional coincidences of high-energy galactic neutrinos with photons of similar energies. The results of such a search could provide indications of the hadronic origin of this radiation. In this paper, we report on the search for photons with energies above 300 TeV in coincidence with high–energy neutrinos. The searches of ultrahigh–energy gammas were carried out at the Carpet–2 EAS array, using three years of data taking.
A geometrical look at neutrino oscillation probabilities with non-standard interactions
Authors: Masud Mehedi , Mehta Poonam , Ternes Christoph A. , Tórtola Mariam
Published: February 2022

In this talk, we discuss an alternative description of neutrino flavor oscillations using leptonic unitarity triangles (LUT) which allows for geometric visualization of neutrino oscillations. After a brief review of the LUT description of neutrino oscillations for propagation in vacuum and in matter with standard interactions, we discuss how we can extend this approach to describe neutrino oscillations in presence of new physics. We consider non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) as the toy model of new physics. The content presented in this talk is based on Ref. [1].
DUNE Physics Program and Status
Authors: Palomares Carmen
Published: February 2022

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino experiment with a 70-kt liquid argon detector at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) 1300 km from Fermilab. This programme includes studies of neutrino oscillations with a high-intensity muon-neutrino beam from Fermilab; as well as, proton decay and supernova neutrino burst searches. DUNE will resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy to a precision of 5σ, for all δCP values, after 2 years of running with the nominal detector design and beam configuration. It has the potential to observe charge-parity violation in the neutrino sector to a precision of 3σ (5σ) after an exposure of 5 (10) years, for 50% of all δCP values. The status and schedule of the project is also presented.
CPT violation in neutrino oscillations
Authors: Ternes Christoph Andreas
Published: February 2022

In this talk I consider CPT violating neutrino oscillations in its most general form, i.e. assuming different oscillation parameters for neutrinos and antineutrinos. In this scenario the measurement of oscillation parameters is much more difficult than in the standard case. I will discuss the implication on the recent CP measurements in T2K and NOυA, and also discuss how well current experiments can bound different neutrino and antineutrino parameters. Finally, I will discuss how well the upcoming DUNE experiment might improve the current bounds.
Measuring high-energy neutrinos with FASERυ in the LHC Run-3
Authors: Kose Umut
Published: February 2022

FASERυ at the Large Hadron Collider, LHC, is designed to directly detect collider neutrinos for the first time and study their cross sections at high energies, where no such measurements currently exist. The detector will be located in the far-forward region of ATLAS. Deployment on the beam collision axis maximizes the flux of all three neutrino flavors, and allows FASER to measure their interaction cross-sections in the currently unexplored TeV energy range. For electron and tau neutrinos, these measurements will extend existing cross section measurements to significantly higher energies. In 2018 we performed a pilot run with the aims of measuring particle fluxes at the proposed detector location and of possibly detecting neutrino interactions for the first time at the LHC. We installed a 30-kg lead/tungsten emulsion detector and collected data of 12.2 fb1. The analysis of this data has yielded several neutrino interaction candidates, excluding the no-signal hypothesis at the 2/sigma level. During Run-3 of the LHC starting from 2022, we will deploy an emulsion detector with a target mass of 1.1 tons, coupled with the FASER magnetic spectrometer. This would yield roughly 2000 υ
e, 8000 υ
μ, and 50 υ
τ interacting in the detector. We present the status and prospects of FASERυ, as well as the neutrino detection in the pilot run data.
Model-independent test of T violation in neutrino oscillations
Authors: Segarra Alejandro , Schwetz Thomas
Published: February 2022

We propose a method to establish time reversal symmetry violation at future neutrino oscillation experiments in a largely model-independent way. We introduce a general parametrization of flavour transition probabilities which holds under weak assumptions and covers a large class of new-physics scenarios. This can be used to search for the presence of T-odd components in the transition probabilities by comparing data at different baselines but at the same neutrino energies. We show that this test can be performed already with experiments at three different baselines and might be feasible with experiments under preparation/consideration.
Neutrinos : from the r-process to the diffuse supernova neutrino background
Authors: Volpe Maria Cristina
Published: February 2022

Neutrinos from dense environments are connected to the longstanding open questions of how massive stars explode and what are the sites where r-process elements are made. Flavor evolution and neutrino properties can influence nucleosynthetic abundances. GW170817 has given indirect evidence for r-process elements in binary neutron star mergers. We discuss the impact of non-standard interactions in such sites. Nearby compact objects, strong gravitational fields are present. We discuss their influence upon neutrino decoherence in a wave packet treatment of neutrino propagation. We conclude by mentioning the upcoming measurement of the diffuse supernova neutrino background.
Probing exotic neutrino physics with CEvNS
Authors: Miranda O. G. , Papoulias D.K. , Sanchez Garcia G. , Sanders O. , Tórtola M. , Valle J. W. F.
Published: February 2022

A new measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) on liquid argon (LAr) has been recently reported by the COHERENT experiment. Relying on the new data, we update the status of CEvNS-induced constraints by considering various physics applications, within and beyond the Standard Model. In particular, we explore the implications of the COHERENT-LAr data for electroweak and nuclear physics as well as for interesting scenarios beyond the SM such as NSIs and electromagnetic neutrino properties. We show that compared to the existing constraints derived from the first CEvNS measurement on CsI, the new LAr-dataset yields improved constraints in all cases.
SNEWS: A SuperNova Early Warning System in the multi-messenger era
Authors: Molla Marta Colomer
Published: February 2022

Since 1987, astronomers and physicists from different domains have been awaiting for the next supernova explosion in our Galaxy. Core collapse supernovae (CCSN) are among the most precious multi-messenger (MM) events of the extreme Universe. These events are extremely rare, and it will be crucial to gather all the physics possible from the data of the next event. The SNEWS public alert system was designed with the aim of providing an early alert to astronomers and other observers about the observation of neutrinos from a Galactic CCSN, which are produced minutes to hours before the electromagnetic radiation. SNEWS has been operating for more than two decades, searching for a coincident signal between neutrino experiments from all around the world. In the current era of MM astrophysics, there are new opportunities for SNEWS to optimize the science reach from the next Galactic supernova beyond the simple early alert. In this talk, the upgrades and new capabilities of SNEWS2.0 will be discussed.
Status of Neutrino Elastic-scattering Observation with NaI(Tl) experiment
Authors: Lee I. S.
Published: February 2022

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE υNS) has an important role in measuring neutrino properties and proving non-standard interactions. Neutrino Elastic-scattering Observation with NaI(Tl) experiment (NEON) aims to detect this CE υNS in a NaI(Tl) crystal using reactor anti-electron neutrino at Hanbit nuclear power plant. NEON detector, which is installed 24 m distance away from the active reactor core, consists of a 15 kg NaI(Tl) in the radiation shielding structures including a 700 L liquid scintillator. Data taking has started from December 2020, which includes 1-month reactor-off period. We report the current status of NEON experiment in this talk.
The Stereo search for a sterile neutrino at the ILL reactor with full data sample
Authors: Labit Loïc-René
Published: February 2022

During the last decades, several parameters describing the neutrino oscillation phenomenon have been characterized thanks to reactor neutrino experiments, in particular the precise measurement of the last-to-be-measured mixing angle θ
13. Following a reactor antineutrino flux re-estimation in 2011, a 6% deficit between observed and predicted reactor antineutrino fluxes, known as the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly, has been observed. The Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly could be explained by an oscillation toward an additional non-interacting, (thus “sterile”) neutrino. The parameters that best explain the RAA are a mixing angle value of sin2 (2θnew
) = 0.17 and a mass splitting value of

Δ

m

41

2

=
2.3

eV

2

. Additionally, a discrepancy between the measured and predicted antineutrino energy spectrum taking the form of an excess of events around 5 MeV has been observed by several reactor neutrino experiments. This discrepancy has yet to be fully understood but could be caused by incorrect predictions of the neutrino spectra. The STEREO experiment, located at Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble (France), was designed to test the above mentioned oscillation hypothesis independently of shape and rate predictions. The segmented detector, located at ∼10 m of a compact reactor core, allows for a measurement of the antineutrino energy spectrum at various baselines, sensitive to the oscillation toward a sterile neutrino that would distort the spectrum differently at each baseline. The experiment could also help to disentangle isotopic contributions to the neutrino energy spectrum by providing a measurement of the spectrum shape and rate originating from a core with highly enriched (93%)235U. The experiment took data between November 2016 and November 2020. This talk will present the latest limits set in the oscillation parameter space with the full data sample, amounting to 334 (544) days of reactor-on (off), as well as the updated rate and spectrum shape measurements.
The Outreach and Education program of the Darkside experiment
Authors: Bottino Bianca
Published: February 2022

The Darkside experiment aims at the direct detection of Dark Matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). It is a 20-tonne (fiducial) argon dual-phase Time-Projection Chamber (TPC) that exploits the cryogenic SiPM technology to identify unambiguously the nuclear recoils induced by WIMPs. The experiment is being installed at the INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratories, in Italy, and will start operation around 2024. The goal of the Outreach and Education program of DarkSide is to disseminate the experiment activity through promotional videos and events addressed to the general public and students. One of our main activities is the DarkSide Masterclass, in which high school students become physicists for a day searching for WIMPs. After a few introductory lectures, the students analyze real data from the precursor DarkSide-50 experiment. Master degree students have access to a more complex version of this Masterclass. Six Masterclass events took place in the last two years, with the participation reaching 400 students in one event. In this talk, we will present the detailed Outreach and Education program of Darkside Collaboration.
Underground muon flux measured by EEE students
Authors: Boi S , Abbrescia M , Avanzini C , Baldini L , Baldini Ferroli R , Batignani G , Battaglieri M , Bossini E , Carnesecchi F , Cicalò C , Cifarelli L , Coccetti F , Coccia E , Corvaglia A , De Gruttola D , De Pasquale S , Fabbri F , Galante L , Garbini M , Gemme G , Gnesi I , Grazzi S , Hatzifotiadou D , La Rocca P , Liu Z , Mandaglio G , Maron G , Mazziotta M N , Mulliri A , Nania R , Noferini F , Nozzoli F , Palmonari F , Panareo M , Panetta M P , Paoletti R , Pellegrino C , Pinazza O , Pinto C , Pisano S , Riggi F , Righini G C , Ripoli C , Rizzi M , Sartorelli G , Scapparone E , Schioppa M , Scribano A , Selvi M , Serri G , Squarcia S , Taiuti M , Terreni G , Trifirò A , Trimarchi M , Vistoli C , Votano L , Williams M C S , Zichichi A , Zuyeuski R
Published: February 2022

The Extreme Energy Events experiment (EEE) is a cosmic ray observatory made of about 60 muon telescopes based on Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) detectors. The EEE experiment has two main targets: a scientific and a dissemination. The EEE collaboration has also developed a large set of portable scintillator-based detectors, named Cosmic Box (CB), mainly used for educational purposes. The CB allows students to perform cosmic ray counting measurements in several environments. CBs are made of two 15 × 15 × 1 cm scintillators read by two 3 × 3 mm2 SiPMs operated in coincidence. Three CBs were deployed in Nuraxi Figus and Seruci coal mine to perform an underground measurement of the cosmic muon flux attenuation. High school and university students were directly involved in all the stages of the measurements: from the preliminary measurements to the on-site work and data analysis.
γ-ray high sensitivity tests of Collapse Models
Authors: Piscicchia Kristian , Bazzi Massimiliano , Bragadireanu Mario , Cargnelli Michael , Clozza Alberto , Paolis Luca De , Grande Raffaele Del , Guaraldo Carlo , Iliescu Mihail , Laubenstein Matthias , Marton Johann , Miliucci Marco , Napolitano Fabrizio , Porcelli Alessio , Scordo Alessandro , Sgarmella Francesco , Shi Hexi , Sirghi Diana Laura , Sirghi Florin , Doce Oton Vazquez , Zmeskal Johann , Curceanu Catalina
Published: February 2022

The article reviews our recent experimental results on the Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) model and on the gravity related collapse model developed by Diósi and Penrose (DP). These models of dynamical reduction of the wave function consist in non-linear and stochastic modifications of the Schröedinger equation, which lead to a progressive breakdown of the superposition principle, as the size of the system increases. We performed a high sensitivity survey of the spontaneous radiation phenomenon, predicted by the collapse models, at the Gran Sasso underground National Laboratory of INFN in Italy. Our studies set the strongest bounds on the CSL parameters, in a broad region of the parameters space, and rule out the DP in its present formulation.
Status and prospect of China Jinping Underground Laboratory
Authors: Ma Hao , Dai Wenhan , Zeng Zhi , Xue Tao , Yang Litao , Yue Qian , Cheng Jianping
Published: February 2022

China Jinping underground laboratory (CJPL) is located in the Jinping Mountain, Sichuan Province, southwest China, with a rock overburden of about 2400m, and it is currently the deepest underground laboratory in the world, and will become one of the largest with the completion of its extension project (CJPL-II). Based on CJPL-II, the Deep Underground and ultra-low Radiation Background Facility for frontier physics experiments (DURF) was approved in November 2019 and started construction in December 2020. The scientific project at CJPL is mainly focused on dark matter detection, nuclear astrophysics and low background screening techniques. Currently, China Dark matter Experiments (CDEX) and Particle and Astrophysics Xenon Experiments (PandaX) are conducting dark matter searching at CJPL and more experiments are planed or proposed to stationed in CJPL-II in the future.
Behaviour of the lateral shower age of cosmic ray extensive air showers
Authors: Dey Rajat K. , Basak Animesh
Published: February 2022

Some simple arguments are introduced for a possible explanation of the behavior of the lateral shower age of proton-initiated showers. The corresponding analytical treatment based on the proposed argument is then illustrated. Using the Monte Carlo simulation (MC) code CORSIKA, we have validated how the different characteristics associated with the lateral shower age predicted in the present analytical parametrization, can be understood. The lateral shower age of a proton-initiated shower and its correlations with the lateral shower ages of electron- and neutral pion-initiated showers supports the idea that the result of superposition of several electromagnetic sub-showers initiated by neutral pions might produce the lateral density distribution of electrons of a proton initiated shower. It is also noticed with the simulated data that the stated feature still persists even in the local shower age representation.
BSM sources of CP violation at future long baseline experiments
Authors: Giarnetti A.
Published: February 2022

Different new physics models can introduce new sources of CP violation in the neutrino oscillation probabilities. We studied the potential of the DUNE experiment to look for them, in the case of sterile neutrinos and Non-Standard Interactions, measuring only the CP asymmetries in different oscillation channels. We show that if a high energy flux will be used, the asymmetry related to the νμ
→ νe
appearance channel could be very useful to search for hints of new physics.
Performance evaluation of 3 inch PMT for Hyper-Kamiokande
Authors: Kinoshita Tatsushi
Published: February 2022

Hyper-Kamiokande is a next generation water Cherenkov detector for the study of neutrino oscillations including the search for leptonic CP violation. In order to reduce the systematic uncertainty, a 1 kton scale intermediate water Cherenkov detector (IWCD) is planned to be constructed at around 1 km downstream the J-PARC neutrino beamline. The multi-PMT modules, which consist of 19 3 inch PMTs will be installed in the IWCD to improve the detector performance with their higher granularity. We have measured the characteristics of candidate 3-inch PMTs such as gain, peak to valley ratio, timing resolution and after pulses, and checked the impact to the detector performance.
Evaluation of neutron tagging performance in the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment
Authors: Izumiyama Shota
Published: February 2022

The Hyper-Kamiokande experiment is a next generation neutrino and nucleon-decay experiment. The experimental setup consists of a neutrino beam line and a huge Water Cherenkov detector. The detector is under construction towards the operation in 2027, and under optimization of its design especially around new photosensor modules, multi-PMTs. In this paper, I have evaluated a neutron tagging performance, which is one of the important techniques for the physics analysis, in the Water Cherenkov detector. The evaluation covers the relationship between the tagging efficiency and the configuration of the mPMTs.