bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Мотивационные модели названий интеллектуальных процессов и свойств (на материале восточнославянских языков)
Authors: Руденко [Rudenko] Елена [Elena] Н. [N.]
Published: January 2020

Motivation Models of the Names of Intellectual Processes and Properties (on the Material of East Slavic Languages)This article offers an analysis of motivation models of the names of intellectual processes, properties and states in East Slavic languages at different stages of their development. Focusing on the Belarusian and Ukrainian material, the study adopts the approach of diachronic cognitive onomasiology, according to which the study of nomination processes helps to understand mechanisms of verbal thought. The analysis revealed source frames of the names of cognitive activity: perception, psycho-emotional sphere, space, movement, physical activity, physical characteristics, social sphere, physiology, speech activity and light. The relative number of nominations formed by a particular model is proportional to the use of the corresponding metaphor in communication. Modern East Slavic languages are very similar in terms of their nomination models of cognitive processes, properties and states. However, differences between modern Belarusian and Ukrainian on the one hand, and the language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania on the other, are more significant. Modele motywacyjne nazw procesów i właściwości intelektualnych (na materiale języków wschodniosłowiańskich)Artykuł przedstawia analizę modeli motywacyjnych nazw procesów, właściwości i stanów intelektualnych w językach wschodniosłowiańskich na różnych etapach ich rozwoju. Skupiając się na materiale białoruskim i ukraińskim, analiza przyjmuje podejście kognitywnej onomazjologii diachronicznej, zgodnie z którym badanie procesów nominacji pomaga zrozumieć mechanizmy myślenia werbalnego. Analiza wykazała ramy źródłowe nazw aktywności poznawczej: percepcji, sfery psycho-emocjonalnej, przestrzeni, ruchu, aktywności fizycznej, cech fizycznych, sfery społecznej, fizjologii, aktywności mowy i światła. Liczba nominacji utworzonych na bazie określonego modelu jest proporcjonalna do częstotliwości użycia odpowiadającej mu metafory w komunikacji. Współczesne języki wschodniosłowiańskie są bardzo podobne pod względem modeli nominacji procesów, właściwości i stanów poznawczych. Natomiast różnice pomiędzy współczesnym językiem białoruskim i ukraińskim z jednej strony, a językiem Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego z drugiej, są bardziej znaczące.
Altertümliche Termini der rumänischen Viehzucht slavischer Herkunft
Authors: Leschber Corinna
Published: January 2020

Archaic Animal Husbandry Terminology of Slavic Origin in the Romanian LanguageThis article analyses a number of Romanian dialectal words and expressions associated with: (1) coat colours of farm animals, like ‘black’, ‘pied’, ‘spotted white’, ‘piebald’ and ‘light brown’; and (2) different types of sheep earmarks. The study indicates that many archaic terms used to denote these meanings are Slavic in origin. In some cases, the very phonetics of the Romanian words in question proves beyond doubt that they are early borrowings from the Proto-Slavic language. Archaiczna rumuńska terminologia hodowlana pochodzenia słowiańskiegoArtykuł poddaje analizie szereg dialektalnych rumuńskich słów i wyrażeń oznaczających (1) maści zwierząt hodowlanych, np. ‘czarna’, ‘pstra’, ‘biała nakrapiana’, ‘łaciata’, ‘jasnobrązowa’ oraz (2) rodzajów piętn na uszach owiec. Archaiczne terminy używane na określenie tych znaczeń w rumuńskich dialektach mają nierzadko pochodzenie słowiańskie. W niektórych przypadkach już sama fonetyka rozpatrywanego słowa bezspornie dowodzi, że jest ono wczesną pożyczką z języka prasłowiańskiego.
Od przysłówka do przedrostka (na przykładzie polskiego współ-)
Authors: Janowska Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

From an Adverb to a Prefix: The Case of the Polish współ-In the modern Polish language, it is difficult to determine in an unambiguous manner the word-formative status of formations which feature the element współ-. Such elements are treated as compounds or, more frequently, as prefixal forms. Historically, these elements, along with the constructions spół-, społu, constituted a class of compounds which were synonymous. The first attestations of the structures which are discussed in this article date back to as early as the Old Polish period (cf. społupomoc, społudziedzic), although their expansion occurred only in the nineteenth century (e.g. współdryblas, współdziałać, współinteresowany). The development of this derivative group is clearly associated with the evolution of adverbs of the type społu, pospołu, wespół, współ, wspołek; it mainly consists in the expansion of the forms which feature współ on the one hand, and in the slow process of disassociation of the relationship in question on the other. Owing to specialisation of the forms współ, spół in the derivational function (a process relatively discernible since the sixteenth century), we may speak about a slow process of their transformation into a prefix, which intensified along with the process of the obsolescence of the adverb wespół. Od przysłówka do przedrostka (na przykładzie polskiego współ-)We współczesnej polszczyźnie trudno jednoznacznie określić status słowotwórczy formacji z cząstką współ-. Są traktowane bądź jako złożenia, bądź – częściej – jako formy prefiksalne. W historii tworzyły razem z konstrukcjami ze spół-, społu klasę synonimicznych względem siebie złożeń. Pierwsze poświadczenia opisywanych struktur pochodzą już z czasów staropolskich (por. społupomoc, społudziedzic), jednak ich ekspansja następuje dopiero około XIX wieku (np. współdryblas, współdziałać, współinteresowany). Rozwój tej grupy derywacyjnej wyraźnie powiązany jest z ewolucją przysłówków typu społu, pospołu, wespół, współ, wspołek i polega przede wszystkim z jednej strony na ekspansji form z współ, z drugiej, na powolnym odrywaniu się od wspomnianego związku. Ze względu na dość wyraźną już od XVI wieku specjalizację form współ, spół w funkcji derywacyjnej, możemy mówić o powolnym ich przekształcaniu się w prefiks. Wraz z wycofywaniem się z języka przysłówka wespół proces ten nasilił się.
Direct Magnetic Bead-Based Extraction of MicroRNA from Urine with Capillary Electrophoretic Analysis Using Fluorescence Detection and Universal Label
Authors: Smerkova Kristyna , Rypar Tomas , Adam Vojtech , Vaculovicova Marketa
Published: January 2020

Short non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs), are of a great interest due to their presumed function in genome regulation. Moreover, miRNAs are currently perceived as potential biomarkers for numerous diseases; a variety of detection methods and sensing systems have therefore
been studied. We present a magnetic-bead-based assay for specific miRNA isolation coupled with sensitive electrophoretic analysis with fluorescence detection. The magnetic separation step involves creating a duplex with targeted miR-141, which is subsequently cleaved from the magnetic bead
surface with a specific endonuclease. The duplex is then determined using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection in the presence of the fluorescent dye PicoGreen for quantitating double-stranded DNA. The benefits of using microcolumn separation technique coupled
with sensitive detection over traditionally used determination by fluorescence spectrometry include the fact that there is no need for a specific pre-labeled fluorescent probe. This significantly simplifies the method and reduces the costs. Cross-reactivity with mismatched oligonucleotides
(3 and 5 mismatched bases) and different miRNAs (miR-124 and miR-150) was tested, demonstrating the specificity of the developed method for miRNA-141. This magnetic extraction method was demonstrated for the direct isolation and determination of miR-141 at different concentration levels from
urine samples and the achieved nanomolar detection limit.
Operational Implementation of the AROME Model in the Tropics: Multiscale Validation of Rainfall Forecasts
Authors: Faure Ghislain , Chambon Philippe , Brousseau Pierre
Published: January 2020

Météo-France runs operationally, for the needs of several overseas regions in the tropical belt, five numerical weather prediction configurations, based on the convection-permitting model AROME and called the AROME-OM system. These configurations use the high-resolution model [Integrated Forecasting System (IFS)] from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for both initialization and lateral forcing. In this study, the performance of the AROME-OM system for rainfall forecasting is compared to the one of ECMWF IFS. The validation uses spatialized rainfall estimates over a 24-h time period at two time scales (daily and annual), from both satellite and ground-based instruments. It has been performed over a 10-month period and across five tropical domains. The intercomparison demonstrates consistent signals across domains and scales. The added value of the AROME-OM system compared to ECMWF IFS is shown for rain/no-rain discrimination and for rain accumulations larger than 10 mm day−1. The AROME-OM system also shows a better ability to forecast realistic rain patterns over these tropical regions. The main weakness found is for an intermediate range of rain accumulations, from 1 to 10 mm day−1, for which the ECMWF IFS forecasts slightly outperform the AROME-OM system forecasts.
The effect of dietary protein intake on factors associated with male infertility: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of animal clinical trials in rats
Authors: Ajuogu Peter Kelechi , Al-Aqbi Mohammed AK , Hart Robert A , Wolden Mitchell , Smart Neil A , McFarlane James R
Published: January 2020

Background:

Studies have shown that the amount of protein in the diet affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis and sub-optimal quantity reduces male fertility potential in both animals and humans. However, individual research reports on the factors associated with male infertility are collectively uncharacterized.

Aim:

We systematically reviewed, and meta-analysed animal (rats) studies on the effect of low protein diet on factors associated with male infertility.

Methods:

PubMed Central, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched from inception to 30 March 2019 for the study concepts and related keywords in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Data on the outcome measures were extracted and pooled across trials using random-effects model and expressed as mean differences (MD) at a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:

Twelve trials identified from 3327 studies, met our inclusion criteria in the comparison of a low protein diet (2–10% protein) vs control protein diet (17–23% protein). The results showed that a low protein diet caused a significant reduction in the body weight ( P = 0.0001) testis weight ( P = 0.0001), seminal vesicle weight ( P = 0.0003), epididymis weight P = 0.02), serum testosterone ( P = 0.001) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations ( P = 0.04) compared with the control treatments. No effect on luteinizing hormone (LH) plasma concentration ( P = 0.13) was observed.

Conclusion:

This study revealed that low protein diet caused significant reductions in body weight, testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle weights, serum testosterone and FSH concentration in rats. We infer that sub-optimal protein consumption reduces the gonadal and endocrine function, and consequently male infertility.
Sexually transmitted infections and sexual behaviors of men who have sex with men in an American Deep South PrEP clinic
Authors: Gravett Ronnie M , Westfall Andrew O , Overton Edgar T , Kudroff Kachina , Muzny Christina A , Eaton Ellen F
Published: January 2020

HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively prevents HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men (MSM), but PrEP uptake has been associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The effect of PrEP on STIs in MSM in the Deep South of the United States is unknown. We performed a retrospective analysis of adult MSM at an American Deep South PrEP clinic to calculate the prevalence and incidence rate of bacterial STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis) and identify associated risk factors by linking incident STI to patient-reported outcomes; 139 MSM accessed the clinic between 2014 and 2018 with baseline bacterial STI prevalence of 11%. Twenty-six of 81 eligible MSM on PrEP had incident STIs with an incidence rate of 33.1 cases per 100 person-years. Significantly higher proportions of high PrEP adherence, multiple sexual partners, and inconsistent condom use were seen in those with incident STI, and we identified MSM with both high PrEP adherence and multiple sexual partners as being at especially high risk for bacterial STIs (hazard ratio: 7.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.75–32.74). Bacterial STIs are common after initiating PrEP in this clinic, and MSM reporting high PrEP adherence and multiple sexual partners have a significant risk for incident STI. High-risk sexual behaviors persisted after starting PrEP, highlighting the importance of ongoing, intensive sexual health screening and interventions.
Treatment-free remission in FIP1L1-PDGFRA–positive myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia after imatinib discontinuation
Authors: Metzgeroth Georgia , Schwaab Juliana , Naumann Nicole , Jawhar Mohamad , Haferlach Torsten , Fabarius Alice , Hochhaus Andreas , Hofmann Wolf-Karsten , Cross Nicholas C. P. , Reiter Andreas
Published: January 2020

FIP1L1-PDGFRA–positive myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia (MLN-eo) are exquisitely sensitive to imatinib. Almost all patients achieve a complete molecular remission (CMR) by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, which can be maintained with low-dose imatinib (eg, 3 × 100 mg/wk). Because imatinib can be safely stopped in a substantial proportion of patients with BCR-ABL1–positive CML, we sought to analyze the clinical and molecular follow-up of 12 FIP1L1-PDGFRA–positive patients with MLN-eo in chronic phase who discontinued imatinib after achievement of a CMR. Median time of treatment and median time of CMR before imatinib discontinuation (last dose at 3 × 100 mg/wk, n = 8; or 100 mg/d, n = 4) were 80 (range, 43-175) and 66 (range, 37-174) months, respectively. A molecular relapse was observed in 4 patients after 10, 22 (n = 2), and 24 months. A second CMR was achieved in 3 patients after 3, 4, and 21 months. Eight patients (62%) are in ongoing CMR (median, 17 months; range, 3-71 months). Molecular relapse-free survival was 91% at 12 months and 65% at 24 months. No significant differences (eg, dose and duration of imatinib treatment or duration of CMR before imatinib discontinuation) were identified between patients with and without molecular relapse. Our data demonstrate that imatinib can be safely stopped in FIP1L1-PDGFRA–positive MLN-eo because of a high treatment-free remission at 12 and 24 months and because most patients achieve a rapid second CMR after restart of imatinib.
Effects of excess sugars and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wang Xiong , Zhang Lin , Zhang Lei , Wang Wenli , Wei Sihan , Wang Jie , Che Huilian , Zhang Yali
Published: January 2020

Background

Excessive intake of carbohydrates and fats causes over-nutrition, leading to a variety of diseases and complications. Here, we characterized the effects of different types of sugar and lipids on the growth and development ofCaenorhabditis elegans.

Methods

We measured the lifespan, reproductive capacity, and length of nematodes after sugars and lipids treatment alone and co-treatment of sugars and lipids. Furthermore, we studied the mechanisms underlying the damage caused by high-sucrose and high-stearic acid onC.elegansby using transcriptome sequencing technology.

Results

The results showed that a certain concentration of sugar and lipid promoted the growth and development of nematodes. However, excessive sugars and lipids shortened the lifespan and length of nematodes and destroyed their reproductive capacity. Based on the results of the orthogonal test, we selected 400 mmol/L sucrose and 500 μg/mL stearic acid to model a high-sugar and high-lipid diet forC. elegans.

Conclusion

High-sugar and high-lipid intake altered the expression of genes involved in biofilm synthesis, genes that catalyze the synthesis and degradation of endogenous substances, and genes involved in innate immunity, resulting in physiological damage. Furthermore, we explored the protective effect of resveratrol on high-sugar and high-lipid damage to nematodes. Resveratrol plays a role in repairing by participating in the metabolism of foreign substances and reducing cellular oxidative stress.
Assessment of branch point prediction tools to predict physiological branch points and their alteration by variants
Authors: Leman Raphaël , Tubeuf Hélène , Raad Sabine , Tournier Isabelle , Derambure Céline , Lanos Raphaël , Gaildrat Pascaline , Castelain Gaia , Hauchard Julie , Killian Audrey , Baert-Desurmont Stéphanie , Legros Angelina , Goardon Nicolas , Quesnelle Céline , Ricou Agathe , Castera Laurent , Vaur Dominique , Le Gac Gérald , Ka Chandran , Fichou Yann , Bonnet-Dorion Françoise , Sevenet Nicolas , Guillaud-Bataille Marine , Boutry-Kryza Nadia , Schultz Inès , Caux-Moncoutier Virginie , Rossing Maria , Walker Logan C. , Spurdle Amanda B. , Houdayer Claude , Martins Alexandra , Krieger Sophie
Published: January 2020

Background

Branch points (BPs) map within short motifs upstream of acceptor splice sites (3’ss) and are essential for splicing of pre-mature mRNA. Several BP-dedicated bioinformatics tools, including HSF, SVM-BPfinder, BPP, Branchpointer, LaBranchoR and RNABPS were developed during the last decade. Here, we evaluated their capability to detect the position of BPs, and also to predict the impact on splicing of variants occurring upstream of 3’ss.

Results

We used a large set of constitutive and alternative human 3’ss collected from Ensembl (n = 264,787 3’ss) and from in-house RNAseq experiments (n = 51,986 3’ss). We also gathered an unprecedented collection of functional splicing data for 120 variants (62 unpublished) occurring in BP areas of disease-causing genes. Branchpointer showed the best performance to detect the relevant BPs upstream of constitutive and alternative 3’ss (99.48 and 65.84% accuracies, respectively). For variants occurring in a BP area, BPP emerged as having the best performance to predict effects on mRNA splicing, with an accuracy of 89.17%.

Conclusions

Our investigations revealed that Branchpointer was optimal to detect BPs upstream of 3’ss, and that BPP was most relevant to predict splicing alteration due to variants in the BP area.
Dynamic transcriptome profiling exploring cold tolerance in forensically important blow fly, Aldrichina grahami (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Liu Zhuoying , Han Han , Meng Fanming , Jiang Yangshuai , Cai Jifeng
Published: January 2020

Background

Aldrichina grahami(Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a forensically important fly, which has been widely applied to practical legal investigations. Unlike other necrophagous flies,A. grahamiexhibits cold tolerance which helps to maintain its activity during low-temperature months, when other species are usually not active. Hence,A. grahamiis considered an important forensic insect especially in cold seasons. In this study, we aim to explore the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance ofA. grahamithrough transcriptome.

Results

We collected eggs and larvae (first-instar, second-instar and third-instar) at three different temperatures (4 °C, 12 °C and 20 °C) and performed RNA-seq analyses. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the cold-tolerance were screened out. The Venn analysis of DEGs from egg to third-instar larvae at three different temperatures showed there were 9 common genes. Candidate biological processes and genes were identified which refer to growth, and development of different temperatures, especially the chitin and cuticle metabolic process. The series-clusters showed crucial and unique trends when the temperature changed. Moreover, by comparing the results of growth and developmental transcriptomes from different temperatures, we found that DEGs belonging to the family of larval cuticle proteins (LCP), pupal cuticle protein (CUP), and heat shock proteins (HSP) have certain differences.

Conclusions

This study identified functional genes and showed differences in the expression pattern of diverse temperatures. The DEGs series-clusters with increasing or decreasing trends were analyzed which may play an important role in cold-tolerance. Moreover, the findings in LCP, CUP and HSP showed more possible modulations in a cold environment. This work will provide valuable information for the future investigation of the molecular mechanism of cold tolerance inA. grahami.
Dissecting the control of shoot development in grapevine: genetics and genomics identify potential regulators
Authors: Guillaumie Sabine , Decroocq Stéphane , Ollat Nathalie , Delrot Serge , Gomès Eric , Cookson Sarah J.
Published: January 2020

Background

Grapevine is a crop of major economic importance, yet little is known about the regulation of shoot development in grapevine or other perennial fruits crops. Here we combine genetic and genomic tools to identify candidate genes regulating shoot development in Vitis spp.

Results

An F2 population from an interspecific cross between V. vinifera and V. riparia was phenotyped for shoot development traits, and three Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) were identified on linkage groups (LGs) 7, 14 and 18. Around 17% of the individuals exhibited a dwarfed phenotype. A transcriptomic study identified four candidate genes that were not expressed in dwarfed individuals and located within the confidence interval of the QTL on LG7. A deletion of 84,482 bp was identified in the genome of dwarfed plants, which included these four not expressed genes. One of these genes was VviCURLY LEAF (VviCLF), an orthologue of CLF, a regulator of shoot development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Conclusions

The phenotype of the dwarfed grapevine plants was similar to that of clf mutants of A. thaliana and orthologues of the known targets of CLF in A. thaliana were differentially expressed in the dwarfed plants. This suggests that CLF, a major developmental regulator in A. thaliana, also controls shoot development in grapevine.
Methods of competing risks flexible parametric modeling for estimation of the risk of the first disease among HIV infected men
Authors: Nouri Sahar , Mahmoudi Mahmood , Mohammad Kazem , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Yaseri Mahdi , Akhtar-Danesh Noori
Published: January 2020

Background

Patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are susceptible to many diseases. In these patients, the occurrence of one disease alters the chance of contracting another. Under such circumstances, methods for competing risks are required. Recently, competing risks analyses in the scope of flexible parametric models have risen to address this requirement. These lesser-known analyses have considerable advantages over conventional methods.

Methods

Using data from Multi Centre AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), this paper reviews and applies methods of competing risks flexible parametric models to analyze the risk of the first disease (AIDS or non-AIDS) among HIV-infected patients. We compared two alternative subdistribution hazard flexible parametric models (SDHFPM1 and SDHFPM2) with the Fine & Gray model. To make a complete inference, we performed cause-specific hazard flexible parametric models for each event separately as well.

Results

Both SDHFPM1 and SDHFPM2 provided consistent results regarding the magnitude of coefficients and risk estimations compared with estimations obtained from the Fine & Gray model, However, competing risks flexible parametric models provided more efficient and smoother estimations for the baseline risks of the first disease. We found that age at HIV diagnosis indirectly affected the risk of AIDS as the first event by increasing the number of patients who experience a non-AIDS disease prior to AIDS among > 40 years. Other significant covariates had direct effects on the risks of AIDS and non-AIDS.

Discussion

The choice of an appropriate model depends on the research goals and computational challenges. The SDHFPM1 models each event separately and requires calculating censoring weights which is time-consuming. In contrast, SDHFPM2 models all events simultaneously and is more appropriate for large datasets, however, when the focus is on one particular event SDHFPM1 is more preferable.
Flexible age-period-cohort modelling illustrated using obesity prevalence data
Authors: Dobson Annette , Hockey Richard , Chan Hsiu-Wen , Mishra Gita
Published: January 2020

Background

Use of generalized linear models with continuous, non-linear functions for age, period and cohort makes it possible to estimate these effects so they are interpretable, reliable and easily displayed graphically. To demonstrate the methods we use data on the prevalence of obesity among Australian women from two independent data sources obtained using different study designs.

Methods

We used data from two long-running nationally representative studies: seven cross-sectional Australian National Health Surveys conducted between 1995 and 2017–18, each involving 6000–8000 women; and the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health which started in 1996 and involves more than 57,000 women in four age cohorts who are re-surveyed at three-yearly intervals or annually. Age-period-cohort analysis was conducted using generalized linear models with splines to describe non-linear continuous effects.

Results

When analysed in the same way both data sets showed similar patterns. Prevalence of obesity increased with age until late middle age and then declined; increased only slightly across surveys; but increased steadily with birth year until the 1960s and then accelerated.

Conclusions

The methods illustrated here make the estimation and visualisation of age, period and cohort effects accessible and interpretable. Regardless of how the data are collected (from repeated cross-sectional surveys or longitudinal cohort studies), it is clear that younger generations of Australian women are becoming heavier at younger ages. Analyses of trends in obesity should include cohort, in addition to age and period, effects in order to focus preventive strategies appropriately.
Enabling good outcomes in older adults on dialysis: a qualitative study
Authors: Raj Rajesh , Brown Bridget , Ahuja Kiran , Frandsen Mai , Jose Matthew
Published: January 2020

Background

Older patients on dialysis may not have optimal outcomes, particularly with regards to quality of life. Existing research is focused mainly on survival, with limited information about other outcomes. Such information can help in shared decision-making around dialysis initiation; it can also be used to improve outcomes in patients established on dialysis. We used qualitative research methods to explore patient perspectives regarding their experience and outcomes with dialysis.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews with participants aged ≥70, receiving dialysis at a regional Australian hospital, were recorded and transcribed. From participants’ responses, we identified descriptive themes using a phenomenological approach, with verification by two researchers. Factors affecting outcomes were derived reflexively from these themes.

Results

Seventeen interviews were analysed prior to saturation of themes. Participants (12 on haemodialysis, 5 on peritoneal dialysis) had spent an average of 4.3 years on dialysis. There were 11 males and 6 females, with mean age 76.2 years (range 70 to 83). Experiences of dialysis were described across four domains - the self, the body, effects on daily life and the influences of others; yielding themes of (i) responses to loss (of time, autonomy, previous life), (ii) responses to uncertainty (variable symptoms; unpredictable future; dependence on others), (iii) acceptance / adaptation (to life on dialysis; to ageing) and (iv) the role of relationships / support (family, friends and clinicians).

Conclusions

Older patients experience the effects of dialysis across multiple domains in their lives. They endure feelings of loss and persistent uncertainty, but may also adapt successfully to their new circumstances, aided by the support they receive from family, health professionals and institutions. From these insights, we have suggested practical measures to improve outcomes in older patients.
Unexpected presentation and surgical salvage of transplant renal artery dissection caused by vascular clamping: a case report
Authors: Hori Shunta , Yoneda Tatsuo , Tomizawa Mitsuru , Ichikawa Kazuki , Morizawa Yosuke , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Fujimoto Kiyohide
Published: January 2020

Background

Transplant renal artery dissection is a rare and serious event that can cause allograft dysfunction and activation of the renin–mediated renovascular hypertension. Most cases are induced by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, arteriosclerotic disease, or fibromuscular dysplasia. We observed a case of transplant renal artery dissection induced by unusual causes during kidney transplantation.

Case presentation

A 35-year-old woman, whose mother donated a kidney to her, underwent ABO-incompatible living kidney transplantation. The allograft had one renal artery and vein that were anastomosed to the internal iliac artery and external iliac vein, respectively. Although careful handling was performed in all procedures including vascular clamping, Doppler ultrasonography (US) immediately after reperfusion showed an increase in the systolic blood velocity and urine output was not observed. Arterial anastomotic stenosis was suspected, but upon exploration, a renal artery dissection was detected in the middle portion of the donor artery. The part of the transplant renal artery was resected, and cold reflux was started again. At the resected part of transplant renal artery, dissection was identified. After re-anastomosis, Doppler US revealed that the blood flow of the renal artery was adequate without an increase in the systolic blood velocity, and sufficient blood flow was observed throughout the allograft. Urine output was also observed as soon as blood flow returned, and serum creatinine level decreased to 0.95 mg/dL after surgery. The cause of injury might have been vascular clamping in order to drain the air and check bleeding at the anastomosis.

Conclusions

Our case reaffirmed that careful handling is needed in all procedures, including donor nephrectomy, cannulation for transplant perfusion, vascular clamping, and anastomosis, even without any evidence of arteriosclerosis. Kidney transplant recipients commonly have atherosclerosis and hypertension, which are risk factors for arterial dissection. Early diagnosis and intervention can lead to the prevention of allograft dysfunction. Therefore, close monitoring of allograft blood flow by Doppler US during surgery should be considered.
Retinal tear formation after whole-body vibration training exercise
Authors: Maggiano John , Yu Mei-Chuan Margret , Chen Sanford , You Timothy , Rathod Rajiv
Published: January 2020

Background

The purpose of this report is to describe the occurrence of a retinal tear, pre-retinal and vitreous hemorrhages after completing a session of whole-body vibration training. Though our patient is the third documented case of vitreous hemorrhage following whole-body vibration training, he is the first to show a close association of a retinal tear and vitreous hemorrhage with whole-body vibration training.

Case presentation

This case report describes a 59-year-old male who had acute onset of floaters and shadows in the left eye. The results of the examination revealed a temporal retinal tear, inferior pre-retinal hemorrhage, and mild vitreous hemorrhage. He was successfully treated using laser photocoagulation with resolution of vitreous and pre-retinal hemorrhages on 4-month follow up.

Conclusions

With the rise in popularity of whole-body vibration training exercise, it is important for the medical and athletic community to be aware of possible associated ocular complications. We believe that high-force vibration training may cause retinal tears in susceptible persons.
Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: a case report
Authors: Ramtohul Prithvi , Comet Alban , Gascon Pierre , Denis Danièle
Published: January 2020

Background

To describe a unique case of pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy that developed several years after Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Case presentation

A 28-year-old woman presented with gradual vision loss in both eyes and nyctalopia for 2 years. Past medical history was relevant for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease since the age of 19 and positive HLA-DR4. Funduscopic examination revealed perivascular pigmentary clumping and atrophic changes radiating from the optic disks. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography through the macula demonstrated perifoveal outer retinal layers loss with cystic degeneration. Fundus autofluorescence showed zonal areas of hypoautofluorescence corresponding to the areas of atrophy. Full-field electroretinogram identified mildly reduced scotopic and photopic responses. The patient was diagnosed with pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy.

Conclusions

Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy may be acquired after Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Pathogenesis of pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy may involve inflammatory-related precursors on a background of genetic predisposition.
Helping people with psychosis to expand their social networks: the stakeholders’ views
Authors: Tee Helena , Priebe Stefan , Santos Carlos , Xanthopoulou Penny , Webber Martin , Giacco Domenico
Published: January 2020

Background

People with psychosis experience more social isolation than any other diagnostic group and have smaller social networks than the general population. This isolation can have a detrimental effect on quality of life. No direct, standardised interventions have been developed to specifically target this issue. Stakeholders input appears crucial in the process of developing such an intervention. This study aimed to identify the main considerations when developing an intervention aiming to reduce social isolation in people with psychosis.

Methods

Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with patients, carers and mental health staff. Data was thematically analysed.

Results

Thirty four patients with psychosis, 26 carers of people experiencing psychosis and 22 mental health professionals participated in the study. Suggested aspects to be considered in a novel intervention were: i) finding and training the right staff member; ii) discussing negative social attitudes and patients’ previous negative experiences, iii) addressing personal ambivalence; iv) establishing how best to provide information about social activities; v) facilitating access to social activities, vi) striking a balance between support and independence.

Conclusion

The suggestions identified can help to develop more targeted approaches to reduce social isolation within this patient group. A patient-centred approach and generic communication skills appear to be underpinning most of the helpful elements identified, whilst specific techniques and skills can help to overcome negative past experiences and motivational barriers.
Carpal tunnel surgery: predictors of clinical outcomes and patients’ satisfaction
Authors: Alimohammadi Ehsan , Bagheri Seyed Reza , Hadidi Homa , Rizevandi Parisa , Abdi Alireza
Published: January 2020

Background

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral neuropathy. Moreover, carpal tunnel release (CTR) surgery generally has excellent results. The present study aimed to investigate the predictors of clinical outcomes and satisfaction in patients with CTR.

Methods

In this observational prospective cohort study, 152 patients with open carpal tunnel release surgery were investigated. Complete clinical examinations were performed and recorded before the surgery, two weeks after the surgery and 6 months after the surgery. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) were assessed on admission and at last follow-up visits to evaluate clinical outcomes. Patients’ satisfaction was determined by a 10-point verbal descriptor nominal scale (1 = very poor, 5 = fair and 10 = excellent) and recorded during the last follow -up visits.

Results

Among 152 patients who were investigated, there were 118 (77.6%) females and 34 (22.36%) males. Overall, surgery improved the outcomes based on Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) and Functional Status Scale (FSS) (P < 0.05). Most of the considered variables did not show significant effects on clinical outcomes and patients’ satisfaction. However, duration of symptoms and electrophysiological severity were the predictors of the change score in SSS(P < 0.05). As well as, age was the only predictor of the change score in FSS (P < 0.05). Finally, according to the linear regression model, the pre-operative grip strength and age were the independent predictors of post-operative satisfaction (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Results of the present study revealed that there was a significant improvement in clinical outcomes after CTS surgery. Stronger pre-operative grip strength and younger age were independent predictors of higher post-operative satisfaction. These results can be used in pre-operative counseling and management of post-operative expectations.
Comparison of score-based prediction of 90-day mortality after liver resection
Authors: Knoblich Tanja , Hinz Ulf , Stravodimos Christos , Schön Michael R. , Mehrabi Arianeb , Büchler Markus W. , Hoffmann Katrin
Published: January 2020

Background

Indications for liver surgery are expanding fast and complexity of procedures increases. Preoperative mortality risk assessment by scoring systems is debatable. A previously published externally validated Mortality Risk Score allowed easy applicable and precise prediction of postoperative mortality. Aim of the study was to compare the performance of the Mortality Risk Score with the standard scores MELD and P-POSSUM.

Methods

Data of 529 patients undergoing liver resection were analysed. Mortality Risk Score, the labMELD Score and the P-POSSUM Scores (PS, OS, P-POSSUM mortality %) were calculated. The ROC curves of the three scoring systems were computed and the areas under the curve (C-index) were calculated using logistic regression models. Comparisons between the ROC curves were performed using the corresponding Wald tests.

Results

Internal validation confirmed that the risk model was predictive for a 90-day mortality rate with a C-index of 0.8421. The labMELD Score had a C-index of 0.7352 and the P-POSSUM system 0.6795 (PS 0.6953, OS 0.5413). The 90-day mortality rate increased with increasing labMELD values (p < 0.0001). Categorized according to the Mortality Risk Score Groups the labMELD Score showed a linear increase while the POSSUM Scores showed variable results.

Conclusions

By accurately predicting the risk of postoperative mortality after liver surgery the Mortality Risk Score should be useful at the selection stage. Prediction can be adjusted by use of the well-established labMELD Score. In contrast, the performance of standard P-POSSUM Scores is limited.
Low priority of obesity education leads to lack of medical students’ preparedness to effectively treat patients with obesity: results from the U.S. medical school obesity education curriculum benchmark study
Authors: Butsch W. Scott , Kushner Robert F. , Alford Susan , Smolarz B. Gabriel
Published: January 2020

Background

Physicians are currently unprepared to treat patients with obesity, which is of great concern given the obesity epidemic in the United States. This study sought to evaluate the current status of obesity education among U.S. medical schools, benchmarking the degree to which medical school curricula address competencies proposed by the Obesity Medicine Education Collaborative (OMEC).

Methods

Invitations to complete an online survey were sent via postal mail to 141 U.S. medical schools compiled from Association of American Medical Colleges. Medical school deans and curriculum staff knowledgeable about their medical school curriculum completed online surveys in the summer of 2018. Descriptive analyses were performed.

Results

Forty of 141 medical schools responded (28.4%) and completed the survey. Only 10.0% of respondents believe their students were “very prepared” to manage patients with obesity and one-third reported that their medical school had no obesity education program in place and no plans to develop one. Half of the medical schools surveyed reported that expanding obesity education was a low priority or not a priority. An average of 10 h was reported as dedicated to obesity education, but less than 40% of schools reported that any obesity-related topic was well covered (i.e., to a “great extent”). Medical students received an adequate education (defined as covered to at least “some extent”) on the topics of biology, physiology, epidemiology of obesity, obesity-related comorbidities, and evidence-based behavior change models to assess patient readiness for counseling (range: 79.5 to 94.9%). However, in approximately 30% of the schools surveyed, there was little or no education in nutrition and behavioral obesity interventions, on appropriate communication with patients with obesity, or pharmacotherapy. Lack of room in the curriculum was reported as the greatest barrier to incorporating obesity education.

Conclusions

Currently, U.S. medical schools are not adequately preparing their students to manage patients with obesity. Despite the obesity epidemic and high cost burden, medical schools are not prioritizing obesity in their curricula.
Exploring the views of successful applicants for medical school about gender medicine using a gender-sensitive video assignment
Authors: Scholte Joni K. , van der Meulen Francisca W. M. , Teunissen Theodora A. M. , Albers Mieke , Laan Roland F. J. M. , Fluit Cornelia R. M. G. , Lagro-Janssen Antoine L. M.
Published: January 2020

Background

Sex and gender influence health and disease outcomes, therefore, doctors should be able to deliver gender-sensitive care. To train gender-sensitive doctors, relevant sex and gender differences have to be included in medical education. In order to develop appealing, relevant, and effective education for undergraduate medical students, education should be tailored to students’ level and anticipated on their ideas and assumptions. Therefore, we wanted to answer the following research questions: 1. What do aspiring medical students want to learn about gender medicine?; 2. How would they like to learn about gender medicine?; and 3. What are their ideas and assumptions about sex and gender differences in health and disease?

Methods

We performed an explorative thematic document analysis of educational assignments made by successful applicants (n = 50) during the selection procedure of their entry into medical school. To test aspirants’ capacity for self-directed learning, students were asked to formulate their own study plan after they watched a video that resembled a future practical experience (a consultation with a patient). As the content of this video was gender-sensitive, the assignments of the successful applicants gave us the unique opportunity to examine aspiring medical students’ views about gender medicine.

Results

Aspiring medical students were eager to start their training to become gender-sensitive doctors. They believed in better care for all patients and thought doctors should obtain gender competences during their medical training. Students preferred to start with acquiring basic biomedical knowledge about differences between men and women and continue their training by developing gender-sensitive communication skills in (simulated) practical settings. Students differed in their interpretation of the gender-sensitive video, some generalized potential differences to all men and all women. Teachers were considered as important role models in learning about gender medicine.

Conclusions

We advise medical schools to teach gender medicine from the beginning of medical school, by focusing on sex differences first and adding gender related themes later on in the curriculum. As students may interpret gender-sensitive information differently, structurally embedding reflection on gender medicine with gender competent teachers is necessary.
A mobile app implementing the international classification of functioning, disability and health rehabilitation set
Authors: Zhang Malan , Yu Jiani , Shen Wei , Zhang Yun , Xiang Yun , Zhang Xinting , Lin Ziling , Yan Tiebin
Published: January 2020

Background

The Chinese assessment standards of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Rehabilitation Set is available now. It is coming to be used as a basic functional evaluation tool in China. With data accumulating, a mobile application is needed to eliminate the extra cost of data entry, storage, and graphical presentation of trends. This study aimed to design, develop and test a mobile app based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Rehabilitation Set Rehabilitation Set.

Methods

The study had three phases. The first involved specifying the functional requirements of the app. Then an app was designed and refined to meet those requirements. In a pilot test, the app was used by rehabilitation professionals in clinical practice and their comments were collected for its further modification in one-on-one interviews.

Results

The app met the initial requirements, and the pilot study showed it worked as designed. The pilot study also showed that the app is user-friendly and convenient to use in rehabilitation practice. Some feedback was given to improve the app.

Conclusion

An Android mobile app implementing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Rehabilitation Set was successfully developed.