bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compositional Design of Spontaneous Heterointerface Modulators for Perovskite Solar Cells Allowing a Broad Process Window
Authors: Nishimura Naoyuki , Kanda Hiroyuki , Murakami Takurou N.
Published: May 2024

Spontaneous heterointerface modulation techniques have significantly contributed to the rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and alkyl-primary-ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imides (RA–TFSIs), whose archetype is n-octylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imides (OA–TFSI), have recently emerged as functional additives for hole transport materials (HTMs). RA–TFSIs are designed to allow spontaneous perovskite passivation via the HTM deposition process; leveraging the high reactivity of RA cations toward the perovskite surface, these additives spontaneously and effectively suppress the defects over the perovskite surface and thereby enhance photovoltaic (PV) performance. Moreover, this perovskite passivation negates the need for conventional post-passivation processes, thereby improving the fabrication efficiency of PSCs. Although the advantages of these PSC fabrication processes have been less discussed than methods aimed at enhancing PV performance, they are crucial for further advancement of PSCs, especially in the context of spontaneous heterointerface modulation techniques. A key aspect is the concentration sensitivity of RA–TFSI; excessive OA–TFSI in the HTM solution leads to some OA cations failing to attach to the perovskite surface during spontaneous passivation, remaining in the HTM core and hindering carrier collection. To address this issue, we herein developed RA–TFSIs and synthesized ethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EA–TFSI) for the first time. EA–TFSI not only enhanced the PV properties of PSCs but also significantly mitigated the concentration sensitivity owing to its small cation size, reducing the risk of poor carrier collection. In the case of OA–TFSI, increasing its concentration to twice the optimal amount decreased power conversion efficiency (PCE) by 14%, accompanied by drops in fill factor (FF). However, upon EA–TFSI addition, PCE decreased by only 4%, with FF values remaining unchanged (i.e., nearly 100% retention). This research offers insights into designing nascent yet potent spontaneous heterointerface modulators for PSCs, including RA–TFSI, to facilitate a broad process window, which is critical yet rarely discussed aspect. Therefore, this study will contribute to the further development of PSCs.
Molecular asymmetry and rigidification as strategies to activate and enhance thermally activated delayed fluorescence in deep-blue MR-TADF emitters
Authors: Weerasinghe Rangani Wathsala , Dos Santos John Marques , Chitose Youhei , Matulaitis Tomas , Warriner Stuart , Barman Debasish , Chan Chin-Yiu , Tsuchiya Youichi , Zysman-Colman Eli , Adachi Chihaya
Published: May 2024

Two novel deep-blue multi-resonant thermally activate delayed fluorescnece (MR-TADF) emitters, 1B-CzCrs and 2B-CzCrs, containing a a fused carbazole unit were synthesized. The carbazole contributed to the emergence of TADF in these small molecules. Particularly, organic light-emitting diodes with 1B-CzCrs doped in mCP host achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.8% at CIE coordinates of (0.146, 0.062).
Divergent Syntheses of Near-Infrared Light Activated Molecular Jackhammers to Eradicate Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Bowen , Ayala-Orozco Ciceron , Si Tengda , Zhou Lixin , Wang Zicheng , Martí Angel , Tour James
Published: May 2024

Aminocyanines involving Cy7 and Cy7.5 amines function as molecular jackhammers (MJH) by vibronic-driven action (VDA). That has been demonstrated through the coupling of the molecular vibrational and electronic modes, causing picosecond whole-molecule concerted stretching. If the molecules are cell-associated and then activated by near infrared light, the VDA mechanically disrupts the cell membranes resulting in the rapid death by necrosis. Distinct from photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, VDA with its ultrafast vibrational action is not slowed by high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. With the importance of these MJH libraries, their efficient syntheses are here disclosed. We report a practical approach to access the key intermediate, facilitating the preparation of various Cy7 and Cy7.5 MJH in moderate and high yields with diverse side chains to study structure-¬activity relationships.
ANALISIS KUALITAS BRIKET CAMPURAN KULIT KEMIRI DAN BONGGOL JAGUNG SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF
Authors: Anggara Mietra , Robbani Farisan , Rasyid Muhammad Yaz , Dhanasmara Hamratul Aisyah , Samanhudi M. Syawqi , Hidayah Rini Nirmala
Published: May 2024

The increase in human population in the world is proportional to the increase in energy needs. Energy needs are still dominated by fossil energy. Efforts to reduce dependence on fossil energy are by using natural reserves from abundant energy sources, namely biomass. Utilization of candlenut shells and corn cob waste which are abundant in the West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) area can be used as mixed materials for making charcoal briquettes. The target of this research is to analyse the quality of a mixture of charcoal briquettes from a mixture of candlenut shells and corn cobs as an alternative future fuel. In the process of this research, variations of the mixture of candlenut shells and cobs were carried out with variable composition 1 (65% candlenut husk; 25% corn cob; 10% adhesive; variable 2 (55% candlenut husk; 35% corn cob; 10% adhesive); and variable 3 (45% candlenut husk; 45% corn cob; 10% adhesive). In this test, the calorific value, combustion rate, and emission gas test were calculated. The results showed that the mixture was 65% candlenut husk, 25% corn cob, and 10% adhesive. has the highest heating value of 5010 joules, which is according to SNI at least 5000 joules, the combustion rate is 0.91 g/m, and exhaust emissions are CO (1.18), CO2 (2.92), O2 (20.9) and HC (395 ) has met Indonesian national standards according to Minister of Environment Regulation Number 05 of 2006 concerning Emission Standards.
The American Question: Ambedkar, Columbia University, and the “Spirit of Rebellion”
Authors: Stroud Scott
Published: May 2024

The education of Bhimrao Ambedkar is a vital part of his complex story. His experience at institutions like Columbia University with its progressive cast of academics helped him see how scholarship and activism can matter in the battle against caste oppression. His thought—and life—would have been radically different had he exclusively attended British institutions of higher education. But how did he end up in America, the imperfect land of freedom and democracy? Why did he choose Columbia University when so many other Indian students chose educational institutions in the British Empire? This study examines the question of Ambedkar’s education and proposes some answers to these questions by starting with his relationship to an important early sponsor, the Gaekwad of Baroda. By tracing the engagement of Sayajirao Gaekwad III with the West, we can see the connections this ruler felt between Columbia University, America, and freedom. By placing the Gaekwad’s story next to Ambedkar’s—and alongside Ambedkar’s nuanced lifelong engagement with one of his most prominent professors, John Dewey—we can reveal new connections between the American experience and what Ambedkar called “a spirit of rebelliousness.” Both Ambedkar and the Gaekwad wanted an education that enshrined the right sort of rebellious freedom from oppressive external authority. This intelligent mediation of education resides in the unstable middle ground between a conservative complacency with a tradition’s customs and a radical upturning of all that is through revolution. Ambedkar, like his pragmatist teacher John Dewey, wanted a sense of education that was reflective and reconstructive.
Innocence Discovery Lab - Harnessing large language models to surface data buried in wrongful conviction case documents
Authors: Ibrahim Ayyub , Dao Huy , Shah Tarak
Published: May 2024

The recent advent of commercial artificial intelligence (AI), especially in natural language processing (NLP), introduces transformative possibilities for wrongful conviction research. NLP, a pivotal branch of AI that forms the basis for Large Language Models (LLMs), enables computers to interpret human language with a nuanced understanding. This technological advancement is particularly valuable for analyzing the complex language found in case documents associated with wrongful convictions. This paper explores the effectiveness of LLMs in analyzing and extracting data from case documents collected by the Innocence Project New Orleans and the National Registry of Exonerations. The diverse and comprehensive nature of these datasets makes them ideal for assessing the capabilities of LLMs. The findings of this study advance our understanding of how LLMs can be utilized to make wrongful conviction case documents easily accessible by automating the extraction of relevant data.
When Pleas Precede Evidence
Authors: Wilford Miko M. , Gonzales Joseph E. , Khairalla Annmarie
Published: May 2024

In most U.S. jurisdictions, prosecutors are not required to clearly establish a reasonable basis for guilt prior to offering defendants plea deals. We apply Bayesian analyses, which are uniquely suited to illuminate the impact of prior probability of guilt on the informativeness of a particular outcome (i.e., a guilty plea), to demonstrate the risks of plea offers that precede evidence. Our primary prediction was that lower prior probabilities of guilt would coincide with a significantly higher risk­­ for false guilty pleas. We incorporated data from Wilford, Sutherland et al. (2021) into a Bayesian analysis allowing us to model the expected diagnosticity of plea acceptance across the full range of prior probability of guilt. Our analysis indicated that, as predicted, when plea offers are accepted at lower prior probabilities of guilt, the probability that a plea is actually false is significantly higher than when prior probabilities of guilt are higher. In other words, there is a trade-off between prior probability of guilt and information gain. For instance, in our analysis, when prior probability of guilt was 50%, posterior probability of guilt (after a plea) was 77.8%; when prior probability of guilt was 80%, posterior probability of guilt was 93.3%. Our results clearly indicate the importance of ensuring that there is a reasonable basis for guilt before a plea deal is extended. In the absence of shared discovery, no such reasonable basis can be established. Further, these results illustrate the additional insights gained from applying a Bayesian approach to plea-decision contexts.
Perbaikan Kapasitas Peran KeAyah-Bundaan Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak dan Remaja
Authors: Hastuti Dwi , Amatulah Dinda Ayu Safira
Published: May 2024

Data menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan seksual anak dan remaja meningkat secara tajam baik pada anak laki-laki maupun perempuan. Mengingat pelaku kekerasan seksual pada anak dapat terjadi di dalam keluarga maupun di luar keluarga maka pencegahan perlu dilakukan guna menghindari efek perilaku buruk anak sebagai dampak kekerasan seksual tersebut. Mengingat peran keayahbundaan tetap dominan dalam membentuk konsep, keyakinan dan kontrol diri remaja, maka perbaikan kapasitas keayahbundaan sangat dianjurkan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan melalui identifikasi faktor resiko keluarga seperti kemiskinan, ketiadaan ayah/bunda secara fisik dan psikis, serta meningkatkan faktor proteksi keluarga melalui kapasitas keayahbundaan dengan meningkatkan pemahaman tahap perkembangan anak, menciptakan suasana rumah yang nyaman tanpa agresi dan kekerasan, gaya asuh penerimaan, kohesif, komunikasi dan disiplin positif, serta menjadi sumber keteladanan anak dan remaja.
KEKUASAAN POLITIK MENURUT PEMIKIRAN BUYA HAMKA
Authors: Zona Ikram Ari
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This research aims to analyze Buya Hamka's views on political power and how these views are reflected from the Islamic perspective which is the basis of his thinking. The research method used is a descriptive-analytical method with a qualitative approach. Data was obtained through literature study, by examining various writings and thoughts of Buya Hamka that were relevant to the research theme. The results of the analysis show that in Buya Hamka's view, political power must be exercised by paying attention to Islamic moral and ethical values. For him, political power is a trust that must be accounted for before Allah SWT and is faced with the public interest and welfare of society. Buya Hamka emphasized that political power must be used for the common good, not for personal interests or certain groups. In the Islamic perspective he adheres to, Buya Hamka emphasizes the principles of justice, truth and balance in the management of political power. He also emphasized the importance of openness, accountability and public participation in the political process. These thoughts made an important contribution to the formation of Islamic political insight in Indonesia. In conclusion, Buya Hamka's thoughts on political power emphasize the importance of applying Islamic values in carrying out political affairs. This view is relevant to consider in the context of Indonesia's current political dynamics, where Islamic values are often an integral part of the political and social order of society.

Keywords: Power, Politics, Buya Hamka
When ‘Gods’ Return in Body Bags: The Evolution of Depositions, Exiles and Medical Tourisms among Yoruba Traditional Rulers in Southern Nigeria, c. 1476–2016
Authors: Thompson Olasupo Olakunle , Nwaorgu Onyekwere George-Felix
Published: May 2024

Why is it that the traditional rulers, who barely left their territories in pre-colonial African societies, now travel outside their territories and even abroad for health tourism, births, social functions and diplomatic meetings, among other things? The sad stories are some of them ‘joining the ancestors – being mummified’ in these foreign lands. With focus on the Yoruba traditional rulers in Southern Nigeria, the study relies on critical analysis of extant literature, oral interviews, media reports and archival sources. This paper argues that certain factors such as the contacts with Europeans, colonialism, and globalization have been the evolution of the fate of traditional rulers into deposition, exile and medical tourism. While foreign visitations or tourism are crucial to modern statecraft, this paper further argues that the reasons why such visitations of our so-called ‘gods’ end up in returning to us in body bags is due to, among other things, the enervating health care system of African states,. Based on the findings, recommendations were made.
The Relationship between First Trimester Serum Progesterone Levels and Spiral Artery Doppler Findings with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Adan Ramazan , Şirinoğlu Hicran Acar , Şahin Fatih , Özdemir Savaş
Published: May 2024

Background: Progesterone is essential for maintaining pregnancy. Spiral arteries, providing blood flow to the placenta, undergo changes in early pregnancy, reducing uteroplacental resistance. Our study was aimed at investigating the relationship between the first trimester serum progesterone levels, spiral artery Doppler findings and pregnancy outcome. Methods: This observational retrospective cohort study included 126 pregnant women at 11–14 weeks of gestation, confirmed by last menstrual period and ultrasonography. Between 11–14 weeks, serum progesterone levels were measured and spiral artery pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI), peak systolic velocity (PSV) and systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) values were recorded. Pregnant women were followed up until delivery, and serum progesterone levels and spiral artery Doppler findings were compared between patients with poor perinatal outcomes and others. Results: This study included 126 pregnancies, of which 13 patients were lost to follow-up. Miscarriage occurred in 2 of the pregnant women, stillbirth in 1, intrauterine growth retardation in 10 and preeclampsia in 5 of them. 6 infants developed respiratory problems and 3 infants developed jaundice. Seventeen of the infants were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. There was no statistically significant difference between serum progesterone, spiral artery PI, RI and S/D values of 86 uncomplicated and 27 complicated pregnant women. Conclusions: It is known that there is a strong relationship between the first trimester serum levels of progesterone, which is an important hormone for the healthy continuation of pregnancy, and the risk of miscarriage. The quantity and quality of placental and fetal circulation is determined by the changes that occur in the spiral arteries with pregnancy. Although a close relationship is known between both variables and pregnancy outcomes, no correlation could be established between them in terms of early detection of poor perinatal outcomes.
Effects of an Oral Multi-vitamin Carbohydrate Beverage on Intraoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Women Converted from Vaginal Delivery to Cesarean Section
Authors: Xu Jinli , Shen Minhong , Shen Jie , Han Bing , Huang Qin , Chen Youguo
Published: May 2024

Background: Nausea and vomiting are common and unpleasant symptoms for pregnant women during cesarean section, which can lead to aspiration, a serious complication that can cause pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral multi-vitamin carbohydrate beverage on maternal intraoperative nausea and vomiting by gastric ultrasound. Methods: This was a single-center, randomized controlled trial. According to their diet, pregnant women who were converted from vaginal delivery to cesarean section were divided into two groups: the observation group (multi-vitamin carbohydrate beverage) or the control group (semi-solid food). The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum was measured by ultrasound before cesarean section, and the occurrence of intraoperative nausea, vomiting, and aspiration was recorded in both groups. Results: The CSA of the gastric antrum at 1 h, 2 h, after eating, and before cesarean section in the observation group was significantly smaller than that in the control group. This suggests that an oral multi-vitamin carbohydrate beverage needs less gastric emptying time. The incidence of vomiting in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Moreover, the pH of the vomited fluid in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, indicating that oral multi-vitamin carbohydrate beverage may reduce the acidity of stomach contents, which can further reduce the risk and severity of vomiting. Conclusions: Oral multi-vitamin carbohydrate beverage can promote gastric emptying and reduce the incidence and harm of vomiting during urgent cesarean section. This dietary intervention may be a simple and effective way to improve maternal outcomes during cesarean section. Clinical Trial Registration: The study has been registered on https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ (registration number: NCT06333626).
Consequences of Fetal Cardiac Anomalies: A Two-Year Experience in a Tertiary Perinatology Center
Authors: Bolluk Gokhan , Bakirci Isil Turan , Cok Mehmet , Karakus Handan Turhan , Cok Nur Benli
Published: May 2024

Background: This study aimed to analyze prenatally diagnosed fetal cardiac anomaly cases in a tertiary center with respect to the incidence, type of anomalies, and rate of correct diagnosis based on postnatal diagnosis (by comparing pre- versus post-natal diagnosis). Methods: In this retrospective study, the data of 250 patients diagnosed with fetal cardiac abnormalities who were evaluated in a perinatology department between January 2021 and May 2023 were analyzed. Results: A total of 250 cases were in our study with a mean maternal age of 27.6 ± 5.1 years and a median gestational week of first assessment at our center of 27 weeks (14–39 weeks). Ventricular septal defect (37 cases, 14.8%) was the most common fetal cardiac anomaly detected prenatally in this study while corrected transposition of the great arteries (L-TGA), left ventricle hypoplasia, coarctation of aorta (CoA) and situs inversus were the least common. Termination of pregnancy was performed in 21 cases (3.1%) and 3 fetuses died antenattally during pregnancy follow-up. While genetic testing was performed in 49 cases (19.6%), chromosomal abnormalities were found in 15 cases (6%). Postnatally, a detailed follow-up was available for 141 cases (56%) and prenatal diagnosis was confirmed in 101 cases. The accuracy rate for prenatal and postnatal diagnoses was 71.63%. Conclusions: Detailed ultrasound examination of the fetal heart identifies more than 2/3 of fetuses complicated with major cardiac pathology. In addition, a systematic approach to these abnormalities aids in identifying the accurate diagnosis of isolated cardiac defects, connected with other systems or a part of a syndrome. A comprehensive examination of anatomical scans might play a crucial role in enhancing diagnostic accuracy.
Effective Connectivity of Default Mode Network Subsystems in Parkinson’s Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on Spectral Dynamic Causal Modeling
Authors: Pan TianTian , Qu Hang , Pan Yu , Wang Wei , Zhao Yi
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the differences in effective connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) subsystems between patients with Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and patients with Parkinson’s disease with normal cognition (PD-CN). The mechanisms underlying DMN dysfunction in PD-MCI patients and its association with clinical cognitive function in PD-MCI are aimed to be investigated. Methods: The spectral dynamic causal model (spDCM) was employed to analyze the effective connectivity of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in the resting state for the DMN subsystems, which include the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), left and right angular gyrus (LAG, RAG) in 23 PD-MCI and 22 PD-CN patients, respectively. The effective connectivity values of DMN subsystems in the two groups were statistically analyzed using a two-sample t-test. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the effective connectivity values of the subsystems with significant differences between the two groups and the clinical cognitive function (as measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) score). Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in the effective connections of MPFC-LAG and LAG-PCC between the two patient groups (MPFC-LAG: t = –2.993, p < 0.05; LAG-PCC: t = 2.174, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study findings suggest that abnormal strength and direction of effective connections between DMN subsystems are found in PD-MCI patients.
Clinical Results and Safety of Intracardiac Echocardiography Guidance for Combined Catheter Ablation and Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion
Authors: Liu Qian , You Ling , Yang Jing , Zhang Yan , Wu Jinglan , Yin Hongning , Zhang Yanan , Xie Ruiqin
Published: May 2024

Background: The goal of this study was to compare the procedural safety and long-term outcome associated with a combined catheter ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) procedure utilizing intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) guidance versus transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance. The study focuses on implementing LAmbre and Watchman devices in patients diagnosed with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: A total of 363 patients diagnosed with nonvalvular AF and who underwent a combined procedure were prospectively enrolled between November 2017 and May 2022. Following 1:1 propensity score matching, the TEE group (n = 132) and ICE group (n = 132) were systematically compared in terms of the combined procedure, imaging parameters, events related to the procedure, and subsequent outcomes during follow-up, including mortality, stroke, bleeding, device-related thrombus (DRT), and peri-device leaks (PDLs). Results: The ICE group exhibited a significant reduction in total procedural duration (153.71 ± 31.71 vs. 174.74 ± 18.79 min), fluoroscopy radiation dosage (207.24 ± 108.39 vs. 268.61 ± 122.88 mGy), left atrial appendage occlusion procedure time (34.69 ± 10.91 vs. 51.46 ± 15.84 min), and contrast agent exposure (108.71 ± 37.59 vs. 158.41 ± 45.00 mL) compared to the TEE group. Angiography and ICE demonstrated a substantial correlation between the left atrial appendage (LAA) orifice and landing zone/LAA ostium (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.808 and 0.536/0.697, two-tailed p < 0.001). No occurrences of device-related embolism, thromboembolism, significant bleeding, or unexpected fatalities were observed in either group. Comparable rates of all-cause death (0.76% vs. 0.76%), stroke or transient ischemic attack (2.27% vs. 1.52%), severe bleeding (1.52% vs. 0.76%), PDL (23.81% vs. 24.62%), and DRT (1.52% vs. 1.52%) were noted after an average follow-up of 18.46 ± 7.70 months in both groups, with no discernible differences. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a correlation between LAA velocity and the risk of PDL. Conclusions: The effectiveness and safety of ICE-guided combined treatment were demonstrated to be comparable to TEE guidance, accompanied by the additional advantages of decreased procedure time and fluoroscopy radiation exposure. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04391504, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov.
Clinical Characteristics and Comparative Proteomics Analysis of COVID-19-Related Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Gao Yuan , Chen Zhongli , Wu Sijin , Chen Ruohan , Dai Yan , Zhang Shu , Chen Keping
Published: May 2024

Background: Atrioventricular block (AVB) is thought to be a rare cardiovascular complication of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), though limited data are available beyond case reports. We aim to describe the baseline characteristics, proteomics profile, and outcomes for patients with COVID-19-related AVB. Methods: We prospectively recruited patients diagnosed with COVID-19-related AVB between November 2022 and March, 2023. Inclusion criteria were hospitalization for COVID-19 with the diagnosis of AVB. A total of 24 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 without AVB were recruited for control. We analyzed patient characteristics and outcomes and performed a comparative proteomics analysis on plasma samples of those patients and controls. Results: A total of 17 patients diagnosed with COVID-19-related AVB and 24 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 infection without AVB were included. Among patients with COVID-19-related AVB, the proportion of concurrent pneumonia was significantly higher than controls (7/17 versus 2/24, p < 0.05). All 17 AVB patients (9 of permanent AVB, 8 of paroxysmal AVB) received permanent pacemaker implantation. No procedural-related complication occurred. In laboratory tests, the level of biomarkers indicating myocardial damage were substantially higher than controls, including high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I (median 0.005 versus 0.002 ng/mL, p < 0.05), myoglobulin (median 39.0 versus 27.6 ng/mL, p < 0.05), and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (median 1.2 versus 0.8 U/L, p < 0.05). The level of N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (median 241.0 versus 33.5 pg/mL, p < 0.05), C-reactive protein (median 4.8 versus 2.0 mg/L, p < 0.05), D-dimer (median 1.2 versus 0.2 µg/mL, p < 0.05), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (median 49.3 versus 45.7 mm, p < 0.05) in patients with COVID-19-related AVB were significantly higher than controls. The level of albumin (median 41.9 versus 44.5 g/L, p < 0.05) was significantly lower than controls. In comparative proteomics analysis, we identified 397 human proteins. Several significantly altered plasma proteins related to inflammatory response (Serum amyloid A protein, C-reactive protein, Protein Adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Alpha-2-macroglobulin), complement and coagulation cascades (Tetranectin, haptoglobin), and immune response (Neutrophil defensin 3, Fibrinogen beta chain) may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related AVB. Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19-related AVB are more prone to have myocardial damage and concurrent pneumonia. Through laboratory tests and comparative proteomics analysis, we identified several differential expressed proteins (Serum amyloid A protein, Tetranectin, Neutrophil defensin 3) releated to the inflammatory response, complement and coagulation cascades, and immune response, which provides evidence of potential biomarkers and sheds light on the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related AVB.
ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ МОНІТОРИНГУ У КІБЕРСПОРТІ
Authors: Пятисоцька Світлана , Єфременко Андрій , Подрігало Леонід , Петренко Юлія
Published: May 2024

Узагальнено сучасні уявлення про організаційні особливості процесу контролю у підготовці кіберспортсменів. Мета – обґрунтувати та визначити моніторинг у підготовці кіберспортсменів. Методи дослідження: теоретичні методи педагогічного дослідження. Результати дослідження. Наголошується, що ефективний процес підготовки спортсменів у кіберспорті можливий лише за умов побудови ефективної стратегії контролю та обліку, як повноцінного структурного компонента тренувального процесу гравців. Контроль у підготовці кіберспортсменів полягає у визначенні складових, що формують готовність гравців до ефективної змагальної діяльності. Відповідно до них визначають засоби та методи оцінки провідних параметрів спортивної продуктивності та працездатності організму гравців. На індивідуальному та командному рівні контроль у кіберспорті має проводитися взаємопов’язано, а показники, які визначаються, мають бути інформативними для обох рівнів. Обговорення. Контроль у кіберспорті має бути організованим на етапному, поточному та оперативному рівнях. Це потребує визначення стратегії проведення контрольних заходів з урахуванням поточних завдань. Контроль у підготовці кіберспортсменів має бути цілісним і структурованим щодо конкретної одиниці річного макроциклу тренування з урахуванням ключових напрямків підготовки гравців. Провідними напрямками контролю у кіберспорті є безпосередньо ігровий (педагогічний), функціональний (медико-біологічний) та психологічний. Вони складають систему комплексного оцінювання спортивної готовності гравців. Засоби та методи контролю у кіберспорті визначаються їх доцільністю та інформативністю відносно ключових характеристик ігрової готовності спортсменів. Пріоритетом їх застосування є можливість швидкого отримання результатів та їх аналізу для оперативної оцінки, а також можливої корекції тренувального процесу. Виходячи з отриманих результатів була розроблена та обґрунтована схема контролю у кіберспорті. Висновки. Таким чином, контроль у підготовці кіберспортсменів потребує ретельного вивчення. Специфіка цього виду спорту вимагає особливої уваги щодо визначення стратегії контролю на індивідуальному рівні гравців, а також на рівні команди. Система контролю у кіберспорті лише формується, що потребує його подальшого вивчення та емпіричної апробації методології у процесі підготовки гравців у річному циклі тренування.
Trump’s Prosecution in the Court of Public Opinion: The Limited Effects of Elite Rhetoric
Authors: Markovits Daniel Benenson , O'Donohue Andrew
Published: May 2024

Criminal prosecutions of political leaders have become salient election issues in the United States and globally, yet few studies examine how such prosecutions affect public opinion. In the United States, multiple criminal prosecutions did not prevent Donald Trump from winning the 2024 presidential election. How did elite rhetoric about Trump’s prosecution—from Trump himself and from his federal prosecutor—shape public opinion? Using a pre-registered survey experiment with 3,000 self-identified Republicans and independents, we test how alternative framings of Trump’s federal criminal prosecution affect public support for Trump, his prosecution and prosecutor, and democratic norms. Against theoretical expectations, we find Trump’s rhetoric attacking his prosecution does not increase support for Trump or for retaliatory violations of democratic norms. By contrast, legal rhetoric from Trump’s prosecutor reduces intention of voting for Trump, but only among respondents who do not view Trump favorably. Legal rhetoric also increases normative evaluations of the prosecution but sharply reduces approval of the prosecutor among Trump supporters. Finally, legal rhetoric increases support for democratic norms among Republicans. Overall, elite rhetoric about Trump’s prosecution has strikingly limited effects on public opinion, as pretreatment favorability toward Trump powerfully shapes whether or not citizens are receptive to rhetoric about legal accountability.
Integrating Differential Forms and Vector Fields: Powerful Tools for Classical Vector Calculus.
Authors: Perez-Garrido Antonio
Published: May 2024

Vector calculus, along with its integral theorems, has provided the foundational mathematical framework for the study of manyclassical physics disciplines. These theorems are essential tools for understanding and solving problems in fields such aselectromagnetism, fluid dynamics, and mechanics, where they offer deep insights into the behavior of physical systems.This paper offers an extensive compilation and exhaustive coverage of all significant theorems in three-dimensional vectorcalculus, along withtheir proofs using the methodology of differential forms. It also includesa new theorem and a related corollary introduced by the author in a previous paper.Furthermore, various useful properties and relationships of vector-valued differential forms are shown,highlighting them as powerful tools and a unifying framework for understanding and demonstrating integral vector calculusexpressions. By collecting all thesetheorems, which are often spread across various sources, this paper serves as a comprehensive reference for researchers and educators.
The Influence of Grammatical Gender on Object Conceptualization Is Weak and Might be Language Dependent
Authors: Xiao Hualin , Cremers Alexandre , Straboni Camille , Strickland Brent , Peperkamp Sharon
Published: May 2024

Do we make gendered associations with objects whose linguistic labels have a masculine/feminine grammatical gender? This question derives from the neo-Whorfian view that language shapes our conceptualizations of the world. Previous research using various methods has provided mixed answers. Here, we present two experiments where we tested for the gender effect on object cognition using a word association approach where a first group of participants generated adjectives for nouns referring to objects and a second group subsequently rated those adjectives for masculinity/femininity. In Experiment 1, with native French speakers, semantically related object nouns that have opposite grammatical gender (masculine vs. feminine) in French were tested; in Experiment 2, with native French and German speakers, we used translation equivalents that are assigned opposite grammatical gender in the two languages. Importantly, to maximize the odds of detecting a gender effect, if it were to exist, we adopted a “stack the deck” design in favor of the original hypothesis, by presenting nouns with gender markers (i.e., le/la in French; die/der in German) and by testing participants in their native language. Results from both experiments provided support for the absence of gender effect in French, while weak evidence was found for a small gender effect in German. Furthermore, we replicated a previous finding that people ascribe feminine qualities to natural objects and masculine qualities to artificial objects. Our findings add new evidence to the lasting neo-Whorfianist debate on grammatical gender and object cognition.
Assessing the validity of minimal phenotyping: a UK Biobank study.
Authors: Woolf Benjamin
Published: May 2024

Background: Minimal phenotyping is the practice of using a small number of questionnaire items to measure a phenotype instead of the entire scale. It is often used as a method of data harmonization when combining different samples in the same analysis, as well as a method for reducing questionnaire length in a single sample. This approach assumes that larger samples are superior to smaller, better-measured samples, but there is little empirical research quantifying these trade-offs. Here we explore the impact of minimal phenotyping on the accuracy of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) both for individual samples, and for consortia that combine results across samples.Method: We used data for three multi-item instruments from the UK Biobank to simulate the effect of using fewer items to measure a phenotype in a GWAS compared to using the full scale. We report the outputs of the GWAS, including genome-wide significant hits and polygenic risk scores, and compare the results using reduced measures to the results of the full-scale score in a single sample. We benchmark these results against the effect of reducing sample size. We then simulated a consortium by splitting UK Biobank into smaller sub-samples, each with a reduced but overlapping measure of the phenotype. We compare results based on the meta-analysis of a single common item with those based on standardising different multi-item measures of the same phenotype.Results: Reducing the quality of phenotyping affects a GWAS’s accuracy in a similar way to reducing the sample size. For example, removing four items from the full neuroticism scale of 12 items has a similar effect to removing 50,000 participants from the sample of 390822, in terms of the number of genome-wide significant hits, the variance explained and the correlation of the polygenic risk scores. Likewise, in our simulation, a neuroticism GWAS consortium where each sample uses different but overlapping multi-item measures on performs better than one that selects a single-item measure common to all samples, reproducing 20 out of 44 genome-wide significant hits and explaining 0.11% the phenotypic variance out of 0.16%, compared to 4 hits and 0.08% for the single-item measure.Discussion: The results of this study challenge the assumption that achieving larger sample sizes through minimal phenotyping is necessarily better than improving measurement quality. We found a comparable drop-off in the accuracy of results when reducing measurement quality compared to reducing sample size. Researchers must balance the costs of accurate phenotyping versus large samples when designing measures, and consider the possible advantage of using the best available multi-item measures rather than harmonising to a consistent minimal phenotype when designing consortium analysis plans.
भाषा शिक्षा सिकाइमा प्रविधियुक्त कक्षा व्यवस्थापन
Authors: आचार्य Acharya लक्ष्मी Laxmi
Published: May 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख भाषा शिक्षण सिकाइमा प्रविधियुक्त कक्षा व्यवस्थापनमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ ।यस लेखको प्रमुख उद्देश्य भाषा शिक्षण सिकाइमा सूचना र प्रविधिको प्रयोग, त्यस सम्बन्धी राज्यस्तरबाट निर्माण गरिएका नीति तथा कार्यक्रमहरू, नेपालको परिपे्रक्ष्यमा सूचना –प्रविधियुक्तं कक्षाको व्यवस्थापकीय पक्षमा देखिन सक्ने समस्या तथा भाषा शिक्षणका लागि आवश्यक प्रविधियुक्त कक्षाकोठा व्यवस्थापन र शिक्षकको पेसागत विकाससँग सम्बन्धित रहेर प्रकाश पार्नु रहेको छ । यस लेख निर्माणका लागि पूर्वकार्यको अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त सार तथा ज्ञानलाई आधार मानिएको छ । भाषा शिक्षण सिकाइका लागि परिवर्तित समाज, सिकाइका लागि प्रविधिमैत्री कक्षाकोठा व्यवस्थापनका पक्षहरूका रूपमा भौतिक व्यवस्थापन प्राज्ञिक तथा मनोवैज्ञानिक व्यवस्थापन, पुस्तकालय व्यवस्थापन, भाषिक पछौटे समूहको व्यवस्थापनले शिक्षण सिकाइमा पार्ने प्रभावलाई अध्ययन गरी त्यसको उपयोगिता किटान गर्नतर्फ अध्ययन केन्द्रित छ ।प्रस्तुत लेख तयार पार्ने क्रममा सामग्री सङ्कलनमा द्वितीयक स्रोतका सामग्रीको उपयोग गर्दै पुस्तकालयको प्रयोग गरी विभिन्न सन्दर्भ पुस्तक, जर्नल, अनुसन्धानमूलक लेख, पत्रपत्रिकाको उपयोग गरी वर्णनात्मक रूपमा विषयवस्तुको निचोडमा पुग्नका लागि गुणात्मक अध्ययन ढाँचालाई अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । यस लेखले कक्षा व्यवस्थापनमा चासो राख्ने सरोकारवालाहरूलाई अध्ययनको सहजताका लागि प्राज्ञिक खुराक बन्नेछ ।
Scanning Thermal Microscopy for Localizing and Monitoring Defects in Electronics
Authors: Gomès Séverine
Published: May 2024

This article presents the principles of scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) instruments and their potential uses for the local thermal analysis of passive and active electronic components and devices. Three examples are given that demonstrate the SThM’s ability to perform thermal analysis on a microscopic scale. The results suggest that SThM could be used as a powerful tool for analyzing printed circuit boards and electronic devices with high spatial resolution, during the development cycle, failure analysis during and after manufacture, and during operation.
Efek Pemberian Kulit Buah Coklat Fermentasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kambing Kacang
Authors: Hafid Harapin , Nuraini N , Kimestri Asma Bio
Published: May 2024

Utilization of fresh cocoa fruit skin and the results of fermentation as green feed a goat was conducted to determine the effect of fermentation of the cocoa fruit skin against weight gain local goats. The study was conducted for 3 months using 8 goats aged 4-5 months who were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. The treatments were 85% field grass added 15% fresh cacao pods (F1) and 85% field grass added 15% fermented cocoa pod husks (F2). Each treatment consisted of four groups as replicates. The results showed that both treatments of giving fresh and fermented cocoa pods had the same effect on palatability and weight gain of goats. Feeding fresh and fermented cacao pods can still be used as a supplementation material for local goats.
Kualitas Fisik dan Organoleptik Telur Asin dari Berbagai Jenis Telur Unggas
Authors: Ariawan Ahmad Bayu , Hafid Harapin
Published: May 2024

Salted egg is an egg preservation product that aims to improve the taste, aroma, appearance of the yolk, and color through salt diffusion into the egg. This study aims to compare various types of eggs on the physical and organoleptic qualities of salted eggs. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments, namely duck eggs (P0), broiler eggs (P1), free-range chicken eggs (P2), and duck eggs (P3). Parameters measured in this study were egg yolk and white pH, egg weight loss, and organoleptic quality. The results showed that using various types of eggs had a significant effect (p<0.05) on egg yolk pH, weight loss, yolk color, egg yolk texture, saltiness, saltiness level, and acceptance of salted eggs. However, it had no significant effect (p>0.05) on egg white pH, egg white color, salted egg aroma, white egg texture, and salted egg taste. Goat eggs are the best type in optimal pH and are the most preferred by consumers organoleptically.
Performa Kesehatan Ikan Nila Salin (Oreochromis niloticus) Terhadap Pakan Sinbiotik Bacillus subtilis yang Diuji Tantang dengan Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Rahmi R , Relatami Andi Ninnong Renita , Akmal A , Tampangallo Bunga Rante , Sudrajat Iman , Salam Nur Insana , Chadijah Andi , Yani Fitri Indah
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine the health of saline tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on feeding containing synbiotics, namely probiotic bacteria Bacillus subtilis and 1% banana flour prebiotic against pathogenic infections by looking at parameters such as blood picture and phagocytic activity. This study consisted of 4 treatments and three replications, namely artificial feed treatment without the addition of B. subtilis, artificial feed with the addition of B. subtilis 105CFU/mL, artificial feed with the addition of B. subtilis 107CFU/mL, and artificial feed with the addition of B. subtilis 109CFU/mL with the number of samples used as many as 20 tails/treatment. Parameters for observing blood picture (erythrocytes, leukocytes and hematocrit) and phagocytic activity. The number of erythrocytes treated with artificial feed with the addition of B. subtilis 107CFU/mL was 5.50x106cell/mm3, and the lowest was obtained in the treatment with the addition of B. subtilis 105CFU/mL, which was 3.5x106cell/mm3. The highest leukocytes were obtained in the treatment with the addition of bacteria B. subtilis 105CFU/mL, which was 2.71x104cell/mm3. The hematocrit value of saline tilapia was in the same range of 25.83%-56.56%. The results showed that the treatment with the addition of 1% banana flour prebiotic and a dose of 105CFU/mL of probiotic B. subtilis in the feed was able to increase the immune system response of the saline tilapia.
FORMULASI BARUASA KAYA GLUKOMANAN BERBASIS UMBI UWI (DIOSCOREA ALATA L.)
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Arfini Fifi , Attahmid Nur Fitriani Usdyana
Published: May 2024

Baruasa merupakan produk pangan lokal Sulawesi yang dibuat dari tepung beras. Baruasa dibuat dengan mensubstitusikan tepung beras oleh tepung umbi Dioscorea alata L.(tepung uwi) yang memiliki kandungan serat pangan total yang tinggi. Baruasa dibuat dengan substitusi tepung beras oleh tepung uwi yang difortifikasi dengan tepung glukomanan yang berperan sebagai serat larut yang dapat menurunkan indeks glikemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan variasi komposisi baruasa terbaik dari substitusi tepung beras oleh tepung umbi Dioscorea alata L. dan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan tepung glukomanan terhadap kualitas baruasa. Pembuatan baruasa menggunakan variasi komposisi tepung beras dan tepung uwi (%) dengan perbandingan yang digunakan berturut-turut 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20 dan 100:0. Selain itu dibuat pula baruasa dengan komposisi tepung yang sama namun ditambahkan tepung glukomanan dalam jumlah yang sama untuk tiap variasi. Parameter yang diukur pada kualitas baruasa yang dihasilkan adalah kadar abu, air, protein, karbohidrat, lemak, serat kasar, nilai aw, tekstur serta uji sensorik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tepung uwi dapat dijadikan sebagai pengganti tepung beras pada pembuatan baruasa dalam semua perbandingan, bahkan dapat dibuat dari 100% tepung uwi. Segi sensorik perbandingan yang paling baik adalah 20% tepung uwi dan 80% tepung beras. Baruasa dengan adanya penambahan tepung glukomanan dapat menurunkan kadar lemak, kadar air, dan sedikit aw, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi kadar karbohidrat, kadar protein, kadar abu, dan kadar serat baruasa.
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI JAGUNG PADA LAHAN SAWAH DAN TEGALAN DI KECAMATAN ULAWENG, KABUPATEN BONE SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Tahir Abd. Gaffar , Suddin Andi Faisal
Published: May 2024

Jagung (Zea mays) merupakan salah satu komoditas strategis karena merupakan bahan makanan penghasil karbohidrat kedua setelah padi. Permasalahan utama dalam usahatani jagung adalah rendahnya produksi jagung. Ini disebabkan kepemilikan luas lahan yang terbatas oleh petani serta penggunaan benih dan pupuk yang berlebihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat pendapatan petani dari usahatani jagung, baik yang di lahan sawah maupun di lahan tegalan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Ulaweng, Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan mulai Oktober sampai Desember 2016. Penentuan responden dilakukan secara acak sederhana sebanyak 64 orang petani dari populasi petani jagung sebanyak 186 orang. Responden dibagi menjadi dua kategori yaitu petani lahan sawah dan tegalan yang masing-masing berjumlah 32 orang. Data terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder yang dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif digunakan untuk mengetahui kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan usahatani jagung diuraikan secara deskriptif. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis fungsi produksi dan efisiensi penggunaan faktor produksi, analisis pendapatan usahatani dan analisis imbangan penerimaan dan biaya (R/C ratio analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan usahatani jagung di lahan sawah relatif lebih besar dibandingkan lahan tegalan. Analisis rasio R/C, usahatani jagung lahan sawah maupun lahan tegalan menguntungkan (rasio R/C > 1). Namun demikian, rasio R/C lahan tegalan lebih tinggi dibandingkan rasio R/C lahan sawah.