bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All-day uninterrupted thermoelectric generator by simultaneous harvesting of solar heating and radiative cooling
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Degui , Ma Wenzhuang , Chen Yushan , Dou Chao , Meng Dan , He Qiyao , Li Xiangyu , Deng Xuchu , Cai Haoyuan
Published: March 2023

Passive power generation has recently stimulated interest in thermoelectric generators (TEGs) using the radiative cooling mechanism. However, the limited and unstable temperature difference across the TEGs significantly degrades the output performance. In this study, an ultra-broadband solar absorber with a planar film structure is introduced as the hot side of the TEG to increase the temperature difference by utilizing solar heating. This device not only enhances the generation of electrical power but also realizes all-day uninterrupted electrical output due to the stable temperature difference between the cold and hot sides of the TEG. Outdoor experiments show the self-powered TEG obtains maximum temperature differences of 12.67 °C, 1.06 °C, and 5.08 °C during sunny daytime, clear nighttime, and cloudy daytime, respectively, and generates output voltages of 166.2 mV, 14.7 mV, and 95 mV, respectively. Simultaneously, the corresponding output powers of 879.25 mW/m2, 3.85 mW/m2, and 287.27 mW/m2 are produced, achieving 24-hour uninterrupted passive power generation. These findings propose a novel strategy to combine solar heating and outer space cooling by a selective absorber/emitter to generate all-day continuous electricity for unsupervised small devices.
Polarization-dependent reconfigurable light field manipulation by liquid-immersion metasurface
Authors: He Ke , Tang Tingting , Bi Lei , Liang Xiao , Li Jie , Li Chaoyang , Qin Jun , Kang Tongtong
Published: March 2023

Traditional grating lenses can accumulate phase for adjusting wavefronts, and plasmonic resonances can be excited in metasurfaces with discrete structures for optical field modulation. Diffractive and plasma optics have been developing in parallel, with easy processing, small size, and dynamic control advantages. Due to theoretical hybridization, structural design can combine advantages and show great potential value. Changing the shape and size of the flat metasurface can easily produce light field reflections, but changes in height are rarely cross-explored. We propose a graded metasurface with a single-structure periodic arrangement, which can mix the effects of plasmonic resonance and grating diffraction. As for solvents of different polarities, strong polarization-dependent beam reflections are produced, enabling versatile beam convergence and deflection. Dielectric/metal nanostructures with selective hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties can be arranged by the structural material specification to selectively settle the location of the solution in a liquid environment. Furthermore, the wetted metasurface is actively triggered to achieve spectral control and initiate polarization-dependent beam steering in the broadband visible light region. Actively reconfigurable polarization-dependent beam steering has potential applications in tunable optical displays, directional emission, beam manipulation and processing, and sensing technologies.
Extension of high-order harmonic generation cutoff from laser-ablated tin plasma plumes
Authors: Fu Wufeng , Wang Jun , Yu Jiaqi , Li Wei
Published: March 2023

The high-order harmonic spectra from laser-ablated tin plasma plumes are investigated experimentally and theoretically at different laser wavelengths. It is found that the harmonic cutoff is extended to ∼84 eV and the harmonic yield is greatly improved by decreasing the driving laser wavelength from 800 nm to 400 nm. Appling the Perelomov-Popov-Terent’ev theory with the semiclassical cutoff law and one-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation, the contribution of the Sn3+ ion to harmonic generation accounts for the cutoff extension at 400 nm. With the qualitative analysis of the phase mismatching effect, we reveal the phase matching caused by the dispersion of free electrons is greatly optimized in the 400 nm driving field relative to the 800 nm driving field. The high-order harmonic generated from laser-ablated tin plasma plumes driven by the short laser wavelength provides a promising way to extend cutoff energy and generate intensely coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation.
Photoalignment of sub-micrometer periodic liquid crystal polarization grating by using the optical imprinting method
Authors: Fang Qipeng , Lv Yongmo , Yan Zhanjun , Sun Xiuhui , Shen Jun , Liu Minxuan , Wang Tianyuan , Chen Jianjun , Yin Shaoyun
Published: March 2023

Photoalignment of liquid crystal polarization grating based on optical imprinting is a promising technique for polarization grating mass production. However, when the period of the optical imprinting grating is in the sub-micrometer level, the zero-order energy from the master grating will become high, and it will strongly affect the photoalignment quality. This paper proposes a double-twisted polarization grating structure to eliminate the zero-order disturbance of master grating and gives the design method. Based on the designed results, a master grating was prepared, and the optically imprinted photoalignment of polarization grating with a period of 0.5μm was fabricated. This method has the advantages of high efficiency and significantly greater environmental tolerance than the traditional polarization holographic photoalignment methods. It has the potential to be used for large-area polarization holographic gratings production.
Spectral resolution enhancement for impulsive stimulated Brillouin spectroscopy by expanding pump beam geometry
Authors: O’Connor Sean P. , Doktor Dominik A. , Scully Marlan O. , Yakovlev Vladislav V.
Published: March 2023

Brillouin microscopy has recently emerged as a powerful tool for mechanical property measurements in biomedical sensing and imaging applications. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering (ISBS) microscopy has been proposed for faster and more accurate measurements, which do not rely on stable narrow-band lasers and thermally-drifting etalon-based spectrometers. However, the spectral resolution of ISBS-based signal has not been significantly explored. In this report, the ISBS spectral profile has been investigated as a function of the pump beam’s spatial geometry, and novel methodologies have been developed for accurate spectral assessment. The ISBS linewidth was found to consistently decrease with increasing pump-beam diameter. These findings provide the means for improved spectral resolution measurements and pave the way to broader applications of ISBS microscopy.
Modeling bee movement shows how a perceptual masking effect can influence flower discovery
Authors: Morán Ana , Lihoreau Mathieu , Pérez-Escudero Alfonso , Gautrais Jacques
Published: March 2023

Understanding how pollinators move across space is key to understanding plant mating patterns. Bees are typically assumed to search for flowers randomly or using simple movement rules, so that the probability of discovering a flower should primarily depend on its distance to the nest. However, experimental work shows this is not always the case. Here, we explored the influence of flower size and density on their probability of being discovered by bees by developing a movement model of central place foraging bees, based on experimental data collected on bumblebees. Our model produces realistic bee trajectories by taking into account the autocorrelation of the bee’s angular speed, the attraction to the nest (homing), and a gaussian noise. Simulations revealed a « masking effect » that reduces the detection of flowers close to another, with potential far reaching consequences on plant-pollinator interactions. At the plant level, flowers distant to the nest were more often discovered by bees in low density environments. At the bee colony level, foragers found more flowers when they were small and at medium densities. Our results indicate that the processes of search and discovery of resources are potentially more complex than usually assumed, and question the importance of resource distribution and abundance on bee foraging success and plant pollination.
Global nonlinear approach for mapping parameters of neural mass models
Authors: Dunstan Dominic M. , Richardson Mark P. , Abela Eugenio , Akman Ozgur E. , Goodfellow Marc
Published: March 2023

Neural mass models (NMMs) are important for helping us interpret observations of brain dynamics. They provide a means to understand data in terms of mechanisms such as synaptic interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal populations. To interpret data using NMMs we need to quantitatively compare the output of NMMs with data, and thereby find parameter values for which the model can produce the observed dynamics. Mapping dynamics to NMM parameter values in this way has the potential to improve our understanding of the brain in health and disease.

Though abstract, NMMs still comprise of many parameters that are difficult to constrain a priori. This makes it challenging to explore the dynamics of NMMs and elucidate regions of parameter space in which their dynamics best approximate data. Existing approaches to overcome this challenge use a combination of linearising models, constraining the values they can take and exploring restricted subspaces by fixing the values of many parameters a priori. As such, we have little knowledge of the extent to which different regions of parameter space of NMMs can yield dynamics that approximate data, how nonlinearities in models can affect parameter mapping or how best to quantify similarities between model output and data. These issues need to be addressed in order to fully understand the potential and limitations of NMMs, and to aid the development of new models of brain dynamics in the future.

To begin to overcome these issues, we present a global nonlinear approach to recovering parameters of NMMs from data. We use global optimisation to explore all parameters of nonlinear NMMs simultaneously, in a minimally constrained way. We do this using multi-objective optimisation (multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, MOEA) so that multiple data features can be quantified. In particular, we use the weighted horizontal visibility graph (wHVG), which is a flexible framework for quantifying different aspects of time series, by converting them into networks.

We study EEG alpha activity recorded during the eyes closed resting state from 20 healthy individuals and demonstrate that the MOEA performs favourably compared to single objective approaches. The addition of the wHVG objective allows us to better constrain the model output, which leads to the recovered parameter values being restricted to smaller regions of parameter space, thus improving the practical identifiability of the model. We then use the MOEA to study differences in the alpha rhythm observed in EEG recorded from 20 people with epilepsy. We find that a small number of parameters can explain this difference and that, counterintuitively, the mean excitatory synaptic gain parameter is reduced in people with epilepsy compared to control. In addition, we propose that the MOEA could be used to mine for the presence of pathological rhythms, and demonstrate the application of this to epileptiform spike-wave discharges.
Epidemic efficacy of Covid-19 vaccination against Omicron: An innovative approach using enhanced residual recurrent neural network
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Gupta Meenu , Agarwal Aman , Mukherjee Anustup , Islam Sardar M. N.
Published: March 2023

The outbreak of COVID-19 has engulfed the entire world since the end of 2019, causing tremendous loss of lives. It has also taken a toll on the healthcare sector due to the inability to accurately predict the spread of disease as the arrangements for the essential supply of medical items largely depend on prior predictions. The objective of the study is to train a reliable model for predicting the spread of Coronavirus. The prediction capabilities of various powerful models such as the Autoregression Model (AR), Global Autoregression (GAR), Stacked-LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average), Facebook Prophet (FBProphet), and Residual Recurrent Neural Network (Res-RNN) were taken into consideration for predicting COVID-19 using the historical data of daily confirmed cases along with Twitter data. The COVID-19 prediction results attained from these models were not up to the mark. To enhance the prediction results, a novel model is proposed that utilizes the power of Res-RNN with some modifications. Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and LSTM units are also introduced in the model to handle the long-term dependencies. Neural Networks being data-hungry, a merged layer was added before the linear layer to combine tweet volume as additional features to reach data augmentation. The residual links are used to handle the overfitting problem. The proposed model RNN Convolutional Residual Network (RNNCON-Res) showcases dominating capability in country-level prediction 20 days ahead with respect to existing State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) methods. Sufficient experimentation was performed to analyze the prediction capability of different models. It was found that the proposed model RNNCON-Res has achieved 91% accuracy, which is better than all other existing models.
Mediating the performance of social organizations in context of social and organizational innovations in China
Authors: Tao Tang , Madni Ghulam Rasool , Yasin Iftikhar
Published: March 2023

Social and organizational innovations are one of the most effective ways to gain social collaboration for effective, rapid, and coordinated interventions. An analysis of the relationship among organizational performance (OP), social innovations (SI) and organizational innovation (OI) in social organizations (SOs) is little discussed in the literature and much less with main component analysis. This paper is an effort to provide some empirical evidences about social and organizational innovations that social organizations in China have implemented to address the social issues of the society. A survey of Chinese SO’s is conducted during beginning two months of 2022 in provinces of Jiangsu, Guangdong and Zhejiang to attain the statistics and assessing the insights of the executives of the SOs participating in this study with respect to organizational performance, social and organizational innovations. The technique used to select the sample is a non-probabilistic sampling and multiple linear regression model is applied to determine the partial impact of organizational innovations and social innovations on the organizational performance. The grouping of the variables is carried out through main components analysis. The empirical findings of the study highlight that Chinese SOs are innovative because they adopt management strategies to address the social issues associated with their institutional mission. There are four groups of derived components from organizational and social innovations based on the empirical evidence: SO’s innovative activities to modify the environment; inside innovative measures to enhance SO’s performance; innovative activities of SO’s to enhance their relationships with outside actors; innovative measures to improve the management of SOs related to their mission and institutional projects. The findings of this study offer an efficient solution to government and policy makers for involving SOs in terms of planning of social development in China. The social and organizational innovations are very necessary to overcome the social issues so government should encourage the establishment and sustainability of social organizations.
Moving beyond MARCO
Authors: Rosa Nicholas , Watkins Christopher J. , Newman Janet
Published: March 2023

The use of imaging systems in protein crystallisation means that the experimental setups no longer require manual inspection to determine the outcome of the trials. However, it leads to the problem of how best to find images which contain useful information about the crystallisation experiments. The adoption of a deeplearning approach in 2018 enabled a four-class machine classification system of the images to exceed human accuracy for the first time. Underpinning this was the creation of a labelled training set which came from a consortium of several different laboratories. The MARCO classification model does not have the same accuracy on local data as it does on images from the original test set; this can be somewhat mitigated by retraining the ML model and including local images. We have characterized the image data used in the original MARCO model, and performed extensive experiments to identify training settings most likely to enhance the local performance of a MARCO-dataset based ML classification model.
Exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and self-reported health symptoms among fish smokers: A case study in the Western Region of Ghana
Authors: Obeng Gifty Mensah , Aram Simon Appah , Agyei Daniel , Saalidong Benjamin M.
Published: March 2023

The study aimed to assess the concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced from the burning of biomass fuel from the smoking of fish. It also sought to determine the proportion of fish smokers reporting health symptoms associated with exposure to these pollutants. A cross-sectional study was conducted among fish smokers at Abuesi in the Western Region of Ghana. Systematic sampling was employed to choose 60 smokehouses for PM2.5 and VOC monitoring. A total of 434 fish smokers were also randomly sampled for the study. Measurements were taken at indoor, outdoor and control locations. The highest concentration of PM2.5 was recorded in the indoor environment. The mean concentration of PM2.5 between the indoor and control environment was significantly different unlike between the outdoor and control environments. The concentration of VOCs systematically varied across indoor, outdoor and control locations. The most reported disease symptoms were eye infection, cough, and headaches. There was a strong positive association between the number of years spent smoking fish and the frequency of eye problems reported by fish smokers. The study demonstrated that fish smokers inside the smokehouse or smoking rooms are exposed to higher PM2.5 and VOC levels which are detrimental to their health. There is therefore the need for further studies to explore other energy sources which may have a lesser negative effect on human health.
Differentiated ratings of perceived exertion in upper body exercise
Authors: Abonie Ulric S. , Oldenburg Marloes , van der Woude Lucas , Hettinga Florentina J.
Published: March 2023

This study examined whether differentiated ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (local; RPELand central; RPEC) and overall RPE (RPEO) were different between exercise modes (upper- versus lower body) and/or changed after upper body training, providing relevant input for upper body exercise prescription/regulation. Eight rowers completed an incremental cycling test (CY), and incremental handcycle (HC) tests before (HCpre) and after three weeks of handcycle training (HCpost). RPEc was higher during CY (17.4±2.4) compared to HCpost(15.9±1.9). However, RPEo was higher during HCpost(9.1±0.6) compared to CY (8.3±1.1). During the HC tests, RPELwas consistently higher than RPEOat the same PO. Training resulted in higher RPEc (HCpre: 14.6±2.6; HCpost: 15.9±1.9) and RPEo (HCpre: 7.9±0.9; HCpost: 9.1±0.6). No differences were found for RPELbetween CY and HCpost(8.7±1.1; 9.3±0.4) and after HC training (HCpre: 9.1±1.0; HCpost: 9.3±0.4). At the point of exhaustion, RPEc was higher in CY than during HCpreand HCpost, suggesting RPECis not causing exercise termination in HC. Furthermore, RPELis perceived higher than RPEOduring all stages of the incremental HC tests compared to CY. This suggests that in contrast to cycling, local factors during arm work are perceived more strongly than central or overall cues of exertion.
Multivariate analysis of food consumption profiles in crisis settings
Authors: Gorzycka-Sikora Aleksandra , Mock Nancy , Lacey Michelle
Published: March 2023

Preventing malnutrition is one of the primary objectives of many humanitarian agencies, and household surveys are regularly employed to monitor food insecurity caused by political, economic, or environmental crises. Consumption frequencies for standard food groups are often collected to characterize the depth of food insecurity in a community and measure the impact of food assistance programs, producing a vector of bounded, correlated counts for each household. While aggregate indicators are typically used to summarize these results with a single statistic, they can be difficult to interpret and provide insufficient detail to judge the effectiveness of assistance programs. To address these limitations, we have developed a multivariate modeling framework for consumption frequency data. We introduce methods to update baseline models for the analysis of the smaller and more variable surveys typically collected in crisis settings, and we present an application of our approach to national consumption data collected in Yemen in 2014 and 2016 by the World Food Programme. The approach provides more nuanced and interpretable information about consumption changes in response to shocks and the effectiveness of humanitarian assistance.
The impact of a standardized Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol in patients undergoing minimally invasive heart valve surgery
Authors: Gebauer Alexander , Konertz Johanna , Petersen Johannes , Brickwedel Jens , Köster Denise , Schulte-Uentrop Leonie , Reichenspurner Hermann , Girdauskas Evaldas
Published: March 2023

Background

An enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol is a multimodal and multi-professional strategy aiming to accelerate postoperative convalescence. Pre-, intra- and postoperative measures might furthermore reduce postoperative complications and hospital length of stay (LOS) in a cost-effective way. We hypothesized that our unique ERAS protocol leads to shorter stays on the intensive care unit (ICU) and a quicker discharge without compromising patient safety.

Methods

This retrospective single center cohort study compares data of n = 101 patients undergoing minimally invasive heart valve surgery receiving a comprehensive ERAS protocol and n = 111 patients receiving routine care. Hierarchically ordered primary endpoints are postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS), postoperative complications and ICU LOS.

Results

Patients risk profiles and disease characteristics were comparably similar. Age was relevantly different between the groups (56 (17) vs. 57.5 (13) years, p = 0.015) and therefore adjusted. Postoperative LOS was significantly lower in ERAS group (6 (2) days vs. 7 (1) days, p<0.01). No significant differences, neither in intra- or postoperative complications, nor in the number of readmissions (15.8% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.196) were shown. In hospital LOS (7 (3) days vs. 8 (4) days, p<0.01) and ICU LOS (18.5 (6) hours vs. 26.5 (29) hours, p<0.01) a considerable difference was shown.

Conclusion

The ERAS protocol for minimally invasive heart valve surgery is safe and feasible in an elective setting and leads to a quicker hospital discharge without compromising patient safety. However, further investigation in a randomized setting is needed.
Úriszéken kívüli bíráskodás a Csanádi Püspökség Makói Uradalmában
Authors: Urbancsok Zsolt
Published: March 2023

At the beginning of the 18th century the agricultural town of Makó (oppidum) became incorporated into the Bishopric of Csanád. As a consequence, the bishop-landowners obtained the rights and obligations of jurisdiction (impensio) over their serfs. In the town, developing into an economic and administrative centre, jurisdiction outside the Manor Courts (sedes dominalis) had existed from the very beginning. Their aims were fast and effective jurisdiction. Between 1717 and 1805 plenipotentiary representatives exercised this right. However, from the first decade of the 19th century it was the manor prosecutors (fiscalis) who discharged primary jurisdiction. László Kőszeghi, a bishop-landowner, at the same time (1805) as organising the estate of Makó, had also reformed he jurisdiction outside the Manor Courts. A separate representative led the administrative and economic offices. In the spirit of the legislation of 1836, the Bishopric had also established oral lawsuits in the court of justice in Makó; this had later replaced the administrative office. In 1838 – also according to legislation – criminal courts dealing with compulsory labour were organised, primarily to prevent the refusal of work by serfs resentful for the incresing burden falling on them.
A területgyarapítást célzó román és szerb propaganda Csanád vármegyében
Authors: Marosvári Attila
Published: March 2023

Csanád county was under Romanian military occupation from the end of April 1919 to the end of March 1920. The only exception to this was Makó, which was under French supervision for about two months, so the town was not taken over by the Romanians until mid-June 1919. The occupation of the county was in keeping with Romanian territorial aspirations, as the memorandum containing their demands for the Paris Peace Conference called for the borders which had been set out in the secret Treaty of Bucharest in August 1916. This would have included the whole of Csanád County. However, the great powers at the peace conference rejected the Romanian demands to annex these thoroughly Hungarian territories, and on June 13, 1919, they drew a narrower demarcation line, essentially corresponding to today’s border, which has not been subsequently changed. Romanian diplomacy, of course, used every means to get the boundary promised in the Treaty of Bucharest, which was much more favorable to them. One way to do this was to take advantage of the dissatisfaction and secessionist aspirations of the nationalities living in the disputed territory. This study takes into account the manifestations of Romanian territorial propaganda in Csanád – and more tangentially in neighboring Békés county – which targeted not only the relatively small number of ethnic Romanians, but also the Slovaks, who formed a slightly larger community. Although the focus of this study is on Romanian propaganda, for the sake of completeness, reference is also made to Serbian propaganda, as the Serbs also had territorial aspirations affecting Csanád county. One of the main findings of the study is that while Romanian propaganda focused primarily on the acquisition of territories, Serbian propaganda focused on winning over the people, which ultimately took the form of strengthening the intentions for the right of option which was also enshrined in the Treaty of Trianon.
Egy negyedévezredes vita az Aranybulla körül
Authors: Szőcs Tibor
Published: March 2023

The Hungarian noble privileges (e.g. tax exemption) that existed until the mid-19th century restricted the Hungarian kings’ room for manoeuvre, and from the 16th century onwards they were regarded by the rulers as a forced burden. These prerogatives were based on the Golden Bull of King Andrew II of 1222, and from the second half of the 18th century onwards there was a serious legal and historical controversy about the justification of these noble rights. In these writings, which differed in quality, the classical Hungarian conception of law was sought to be challenged and defended. The present paper describes a political attack and the responses to it that took place some 240 years ago, which tried to attack the whole of the noble rights and the Golden Bull with historical and legal-historical arguments. Franz Rudolf Grossing’s work, published in Latin and German in 1786, argues at length and in various ways for the legal invalidity of the Golden Bull, and also suggests that it is in fact a later forgery, and thus invalidates all Hungarian noble prerogatives. Several anonymous and non-anonymous works opposed Grossing’s view, and the influence of Grossing’s work was still felt among Hungarians in the second half of the 19th century.
Fejezetek a középkori Ibér-félsziget állam- és jogtörténetéből
Authors: Igaz Levente
Published: March 2023

The formation of the monarchy of the estates, as a complex process, also could not be separated from the development of the geopolitical and social conditions in the southwestern corner of our continent, on the Iberian Peninsula. There, in the state development, the Kingdom of Aragon reached the furthest, as evidenced by its written sources. In our article, we do not intend to deal with the possibilities of comparison, nor with the question of which contemporary European letter of privilege may have influenced one (or possibly several) others. Instead, keeping in mind the peripheral familiarity of the Iberian Middle Ages in Hungary, we will try to bring the Aragonese example of medieval royal letters of privilege closer to the readers, primarily based on local bibliography. We do this by presenting the path and background leading to it, in the broader context of state development on the Iberian Peninsula.
Hájszentlőrinc mezőváros topográfiája
Authors: Pánya István
Published: March 2023

In my study, I summarize the outer and inner topography of the market town of Hájszentlőrinc which existed in the southern part of the historical Kingdom of Hungary, in today’s Serbia. My aim is to provide a methodological example for researchers of the historico-geography of settlements. First, I examine the border of the settlement, its surroundings and the neighbouring settlements, and then I reconstruct the former built-up area of the market town. Spatial analysis is made possible by medieval certificates, 18th-century manuscript maps, and satellite images. Hájszentlőrinc existed east of today’s Küllőd (Kolut, SRB). During the Middle Ages, it was an important centre of Bodrog County: in the 13-14th century it functioned as a place of authentication (locus credibilis), in the 15-16th centuries it was a market town (oppidum). In the late Middle Ages, meetings of the noble judiciary (sedria) of Bodrog County were held here most of the time. Based on the medieval boundary descriptions, the western and southern neighbours of the settlement can be clearly defined. Based on remote sensing sources, it was possible to determine the former inner, built-up area, which was about 800 meters long and had a spindle structure (german Angersdorf). An important result was that the location of the medieval cathedral chapter (capitulum) could also be identified.
Revisioning Rhetorical Violence in the Afterlife
Authors: Houdek Matthew , Flores Lisa A.
Published: March 2023

In this essay, we attend to the rhetorical and spatio-temporal contours of how the urgency to recognize Black life and aid in struggle is detached from a recognition of the deep structural and ontological nature of antiblackness. We center on two seemingly disparate case studies to unpack these phenomena. First, we look at the state lynching of Breonna Taylor and the multiracial coalition that emerged around #sayhername, and second, we turn to the politics and rhetorics of DEI initiatives on college campuses. Guided by scholars writing on Black life, our project asks how we imagine the physicality of violence in this moment in ways that interrupt common frames of both the physical and the moment. We write at the intersection of two larger rhetorical conversations on racialized violence: stoppage and suffocation, and their respective interests in theories of racialized time. We argue that the variants of anti-Black stoppage and suffocation operate on multiple temporal registers of recognition that perform recognition even as they profit from antiblackness. For rhetorical scholars invested in studies of racial violence, the urgency of the moment should serve as a reminder that possibility lies in the inventional, an inventional that requires a disciplined, intentional, and persistent practice and commitment.
Inconvenient Horror: Violence as Rhetoric and the El Paso Shooting
Authors: Pineda Richard
Published: March 2023

This essay considers rhetorical violence and the nature of violence as rhetorical in the language and actions of Patrick Crusius, the shooter charged with attacking a Walmart in El Paso, Texas. The language in the Crusius manifesto is the preface to the violence Crusius brought to El Paso resulting in the deaths of twenty-three people: United States citizens, Mexican citizens, and a German national. The essay advances a framework from which to evaluate violence as rhetorical and illuminates the intersection of the shooter's rhetoric and his act of violence.
Principio de animismo distributivo
Authors: Llamas Roig Vicente
Published: March 2023

Disquisiciones sobre la automotricidad equívoca y el contacto en la transmisión de la acción dinámica en la estela del comentario de Roberto Grosseteste al libro VII de la Physica de Aristóteles. El estudio testa un patrón de animismo integral distributivo, no partitivo, postulando la discontinuidad esencial de segunda especie en la concatenación de motores, vestigios de la embrionaria ciencia insular, atenta a la causalidad eficiente que inerva la matriz fenoménica en una apuesta por la ejemplaridad de la medida y el rastreo de la realidad sobre objetivas cualidades mensurables en detrimento de las claves eidéticas que lastran a la emergente metafísica continental del quod est, anclada en la esencia como ratificación intencional del existible o en el esse essentiae como expresión de esse extra animam ab alio (índice de creaturalidad atenuada) en la línea causal ejemplar.
Dios como objeto de la razón natural en la primera de las «Cuestiones a la Metafísica de Aristóteles» de Duns Escoto
Authors: Vargas Bejarano Julio César
Published: March 2023

Centrado en el análisis de la primera de las «Cuestiones a la Metafísica de Aristóteles» de Duns Escoto, este artículo indaga el camino que sigue Duns Escoto para establecer que Dios es el objeto de la metafísica. En este lugar, Duns Escoto asume una posición novedosa con respecto al objeto de la metafísica, pues en sus obras sobre lógica, había señalado que el objeto de esta disciplina es la sustancia, y en la Ordinatio había sostenido que es el ente en cuanto ente. En la primera parte, se muestra el planteamiento de la pregunta y la estructura de la referida cuestión; la segunda parte expone las objeciones de Escoto a Avicena y Averrroes y su propuesta inicial de que la sustancia es el objeto de la metafísica, correspondiente a la primera redacción de la primera de las «Cuestiones Metafísicas». Luego, la tercera parte expone cómo llega Escoto a la tesis de que Dios y el ente en cuanto ente son el objeto de la metafísica, a partir de la renovación del concepto aristotélico de ciencia. Finalmente, se pondera hasta qué punto esta ampliación significa un cambio radical en la concepción metafísica de Escoto.
Palabras peregrinas. La performatividad de La palabra en «La Ciudad de Dios» de San Agustín de Hipona
Authors: Zeinal Megan Sara
Published: March 2023

La relación entre lenguaje y creación no se reduce para San Agustín en los recursos que presenta un término de la analogía para ilustrar al otro, sino que el lenguaje tiene un poder de agenciamiento en la realidad cuya eficacia está en su capacidad de determinar, contaminar, purificar o enredar las relaciones del ordo amoris. A lo largo de La Ciudad de Dios puede verse como la palabra performa, su potencia es una promesa en sí misma, su posibilidad o imposibilidad comunicativa son asuntos que devienen, para el de Hipona, de la palabra en relación, del cuerpo de una palabra inserta y encarnada en una trama de vínculos visibles e invisibles que se ordenan o no, según su condición, a lo divino.
Las doctrinas del conocimiento en un curso filosófico «ad mentem Scoti» del Chile colonial
Authors: Aravena Zamora Abel Marcelo , Landaeta Mardones Patricio Alfonso
Published: March 2023

Este artículo analiza los aspectos fundamentales de la teoría del conocimiento expuestos en el curso dictado por fray Juan de Fuica (OFM), en 1689, en el Colegio San Diego de Alcalá (Santiago de Chile). Presentamos primero una breve descripción de los Comentarios filosóficos del fraile, volumen en el que se incluyen los Comentarios Acerca del alma sobre el que centraremos nuestro estudio. Luego, analizamos la doctrina del conocimiento ad mentem Scoti expuesta en este manuscrito inédito, testimonio exclusivo de la enseñanza filosófica de la época. El principal aporte de este trabajo es visibilizar parte del patrimonio filosófico colonial del país, lo que permitirá futuras investigaciones en esta área de la disciplina.
Algorithmische Fairness in der polizeilichen Ermittlungsarbeit:Ethische Analyse von Verfahren des maschinellen Lernens zur Gesichtserkennung
Authors: Brandner Lou Therese , Hirsbrunner Simon David
Published: March 2023

This article discusses fairness in artificial intelligence (AI) based policing procedures using facial recognition as an example. Algorithmic decisions based on discriminatory dynamics can (re)produce and automate injustice. AI fairness here concerns not only the creation and sharing of datasets or the training of models but also how systems are deployed in the real world. Quantifying fairness can distract  rom how discrimination and oppression translate concretely into social phenomena. Integrative approaches can help actively incorporate ethical, legal, social, and economic factors into technology development to more holistically assess the consequences of deployment through continuous interdisciplinary collaboration.
Why won’t water managers use new scientific computer models?: The co-production of a perceived science-practice gap
Authors: Landström Catharina
Published: March 2023

The uptake of scientific computer models in water management is challenging. Scientists often face calls to improve stakeholder engagement procedures. However, the involvement of representatives of water management agencies has been common practice in scientific projects for at least a decade. It is therefore questionable whether more stakeholder involvement would lead to greater use of scientific models in water management. This study suggests that computer modeling has historically developed differently in water science and water management. Scientific research has focused on continuous improvement of model process representation, while water management has emphasised usability. Today, the reliance on modeling software packages in water management, exacerbated by the dynamics in the field, mitigates against the adoption of new scientific modeling tools.
Combining behavioral insights with artificial intelligence: New perspectives for technology assessment
Authors: Horvath Lilla , Renz Erich , Rohwer Christian , Schury Daniel
Published: March 2023

Policy decisions concerning technology applications can have far-reaching societal consequences. Rationality-enhancing procedures are thus essential to ensure that such decisions are in the best interest of society. We propose a novel framework addressing this challenge. It combines a structured approach to decision-making, the mediating assessments protocol (MAP), with artificial intelligence (AI) methods to mitigate human bias and handle uncertainty in a normative manner. We introduce the steps for implementing MAP and discuss how it can be complemented and improved by AI methods such as dynamic programming, reinforcement learning and natural language processing. As a potential practical application, we consider the construction of a new wind park in a community and highlight critical aspects warranting special caution.
Fonografický archiv české Akademie věd
Authors: Vlčková-Mejvaldová Jana
Published: March 2023

Příspěvek se zabývá historií fonografického archivu, který vznikal v České akademii věd a umění v letech 1919 až 1957. Hlavní metodou výzkumu byla archivní rešerše v Masarykově archivu AV ČR a Archivu Univerzity Karlovy. Příspěvek upozorňuje na národní aspekty založení Fonografického archivu a také na finanční podmínky jeho fungování na počátku. Zmíněny jsou i mezinárodní ohlasy na jeho existenci. Vztahy mezi archivními zdroji ukazují, které aspekty bránily naplnění původních cílů, tedy zejména podporu výuky mateřského jazyka: dramaturgická roztříštěnost, příliš široké tematické spektrum a také chybná rozhodnutí na základě přecenění osobních kontaktů. Výzkum ukazuje, že i přes snahu organizátorů Fonografických archivů a obrovské náklady zůstaly archivní zvukové záznamy spíše nevyužity a i dnes představují bohatý zdroj dobových zvukových dokumentů.
Food Consumption in Argentina: The Deaton-Paxson Puzzle Beyond Mean Effects
Authors: Echeverría Lucía , Molina Jose Alberto
Published: March 2023

Deaton, A., and C. Paxson (1998. “Economies of Scale, Household Size, and the Demand for Food.” Journal of Political Economy 106 (5): 897–930. doi: 10.1086/250035) found the opposite to what theory predicts: food share declines with household size, keeping household per capita expenditure constant. This paper aims to explore the relationship between food demand and household size beyond the conditional mean of food consumption for Argentina using a quantile regression technique. Because standard analysis focuses on the average effects, the existence of the paradox at the lower and upper ends of the conditional food share distribution remains unknown. We find negative and significant effects of household size on food share at the upper tail of the conditional food share distribution, but we find no evidence of the puzzle for households with relatively lower food share that are reasonably richer. Results show the importance of accounting for distributional effects to obtain a complete understanding of food consumption behavior and sheds light on the crucial role of economies of scale in poor households.
A twistor transform and normal forms for Cauchy Riemann structures
Authors: Bland John , Duchamp Tom
Published: March 2023

We use Hitchin’s twistor transform for two-dimensional projective structures to obtain normal coordinates in a pseudoconcave neighbourhood of anO⁢(1)\mathcal{O}(1)rational curve; in the construction, we present every such neighbourhood asQD/FQ_{\mathbb{D}}/\mathcal{F}for some holomorphic foliation ℱ, whereQDQ_{\mathbb{D}}is an open neighbourhood in the standard quadricQ⊂P2×P2Q\subset\mathbb{P}^{2}\times\mathbb{P}^{2}. As a consequence of the normal coordinates, we obtain a new normal form for Cauchy Riemann structures on the three-sphere that are isotopic to the standard one. We end the paper with explicit calculations for the cases arising from deformations of the normal isolated singularitiesX⁢Y=ZnXY=Z^{n}.
Sign-changing solutions for parametric Neumann problems with broken symmetry and arbitrary growth
Authors: He Tieshan , Guo Pengfei
Published: March 2023

We consider a parametric Neumann problem driven by a nonhomogeneous differential operator, with a reaction consisting of a critical term plus a Carathéodory perturbation which is only locally restricted near zero and is not assumed to be odd.
Combining variational methods, with upper-lower solutions and truncation techniques, and flow invariance arguments, we show that the problem admits infinitely many sign-changing solutions.
Trends of colorectal cancer screening methods: an analysis of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2018–2020
Authors: Balcerak Gregory , Garrett Morgan , Greiner Benjamin H. , Hartwell Micah
Published: March 2023

Context

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high mortality rate and a large financial burden. Therefore, it is imperative to screen appropriately for this disease. By evaluating trends in different CRC screening methods and evaluating screening methods based on sex and race, improvements in screening can be made.

Objectives

By analyzing data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), our primary objective was to evaluate trends in CRC screening methods from 2018 through 2020. Our secondary objectives were to investigate deviations in screening rates by sex and race/ethnicity.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was utilized to analyze trends in CRC screening methods utilizing data from the BRFSS for the years 2018 through 2020. Sex and race were also analyzed to evaluate for deviations in screening rates.

Results

All race/ethnicity groups most often completed colonoscopies, with all but individuals identifying as Hispanic having higher than 56% completion rates. Individuals reporting as Hispanic received more blood stool tests than other races at 23.4%. Average CRC screening among all methods showed that 89.7% of individuals who reported as being White completed screening, with 91.3% of individuals reporting as Black, and 81.9% with race not listed, completed screening. Individuals identifying as Asian (74.4%), American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN [79.2%]) and Hispanic (78.1%) had lower rates of screening overall.

Conclusions

Our study found that trends in CRC screening were similar across years for individuals who reported as being White or Black. We also found that those identifying as Asian, AI/AN, Hispanic, and those whose identifying race was not listed deviated across years. These latter groups were also less likely to have received colonoscopies, the gold standard of screening. Because CRC is oftentimes a preventable disease, the importance of appropriate screening cannot be emphasized enough.
The Technique of “Book Beating” in Traditional Chinese Book Conservation
Authors: Shen Zhewei , Yu Rong , Liu Peng
Published: March 2023

Historic books are important vehicles for understanding the evolution of human civilisation. To preserve these precious historical materials, unremitting research and exploration has been carried out for thousands of years. The introduction of new concepts and technologies has led conservators to uphold different perspectives on traditional techniques and skills. “Book beating” (chuishu 捶书) is a very special, necessary step in the traditional conservation of ancient Chinese books. However, there is a lack of consensus about how the beating technique affects the structure and long-term stability of paper. In this article, we briefly introduce the origins and basic steps of book beating as well as the precautions required, taking into account the perspectives of conservators on book beating. We then discuss the similarities and differences between book beating and “beat paper”. Analysing a number of characteristics such as the beating strength, paper thickness, and tensile strength of the paper with or without the beating we will explore the pros and cons of book beating. Finally, we put forward some ideas for future research to provide theoretical guidance and support for the conservation of ancient books.
The semiotics of motion encoding in Early English: a cognitive semiotic analysis of phrasal verbs in Old and Middle English
Authors: Torres-Martínez Sergio
Published: March 2023

This paper offers a renewed construction grammar analysis of linguistic constructions in a diachronic perspective. The present theory, termedAgentive Cognitive Construction Grammar(AgCCxG), is informed byactive inference(AIF), a process theory for the comprehension of intelligent agency. AgCCxG defends the idea that language bear traces of non-linguistic, bodily-acquired information that reflects sémiotico-biological processes of energy exchange and conservation. One of the major claims of the paper is that embodied cognition has evolved to facilitate ontogenic mental alignment among humans. This is demonstrated by the results of a corpus study in which the patterns of association between verbs, the particle UP and argument structure in Old and Middle English have been studied. The conclusion is that, similar to biological systems, the linguistic sign system displays patterns of equilibrium and non-equilibrium. In other words, while in Old English usage near equilibrium was reached through the use of a conservative set of constructional semiotic templates (attachment patterns), associated with motor modalities, Middle English displays high rates of randomness resulting in a less stable, yet distinct, system of constructional attachment.