bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parenteral Fish-Oil Lipid Emulsions in Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Gharehbaghi Golnaz , Mohagheghi Parisa , Sedaghat Ahad , Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Mirghorbani Masoud , Khosravi Nastaran
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the effects of a fish oil-containing regimen on the severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants.

Methods:

In this retrospective, observational study, 82 preterm infants with documented retinal examinations were evaluated. Patients' demographic data, associated morbidities, the worst ROP zone, stage, and the presence of plus disease during the follow-up examinations, and the need for ROP treatment in the two groups were recorded and analyzed.

Results:

Forty-three infants were treated with INTRAlipid®, and 39 infants were treated with 20% SMOFlipid. There were no differences in gestational age, birth weight, and associated morbidities between the two groups. No differences were observed among the two groups in their need for treatment (P = 0.51), ROP zones (P = 0.62), and plus disease (P = 0.38). Although no difference was seen in ROP stages between the groups (P = 0.41), in subgroup analysis, Stage 3 (severe ROP) occurred significantly lower in the SMOFlipid group (P = 0.04) and Stage 0 occurred significantly higher in the SMOFlipid-treated infants (P = 0.05).

Conclusions:

This study showed no difference between the two groups regarding the need for the treatment. The lower prevalence of severe ROP in preterm infants receiving SMOFlipid emulsion was observed comparing to the INTRAlipid-treated infants.
Outcome of Sclerokeratoplasty in Devastating Sclerocorneal Infections
Authors: Thatte Shreya , Dube Ankita B. , Dubey Trupti , Krishnan Malvika
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To assess the achievement of anatomical integrity after primary tectonic sclerokeratoplasty procedure and outcome after subsequent secondary procedures to manage devastating corneoscleral infection threatening the structural integrity of the eyeball.

Methods:

This prospective interventional study comprised 60 patients with severe devastating corneoscleral pathology of infective origin with varying degrees of scleral involvement who underwent tectonic sclerokeratoplasty. They were grouped into three groups according to the involvement of scleral quadrants, i.e., Group A with only one quadrant, Group B with two quadrants, and Group C with more than two quadrants. The demographics, clinical features, microbiological status, postoperative complications, need for secondary procedures, and tectonic outcome in terms of anatomical success were analyzed in all three groups during follow-up between 2 and 5 years.

Results:

The donor graft size in Groups A, B, and C was 9.5–10.5, 11–12, and 12.5–14 mm, respectively. Globe integrity after primary procedure was noted in all patients of Group A, 76% of Group B, and 38% of Group C. Reinfection was observed in 19 cases of Groups B and C, from which 5 Group C patients were eviscerated and 14 underwent regrafting. Postoperative complications (suture related, rejection, graft failure, and secondary glaucoma) were encountered more frequently in Group C patients. Secondary procedures (cataract/posterior segment surgery, secondary intraocular lens, and trabeculectomy) were required more in Groups B and C. After regrafting, 7 eyes were salvaged and 7 (3 in Group B and 4 in Group C) resulted in phthisis bulbi. Thus, tectonic outcome was achieved in 80% of cases.

Conclusions:

Sclerokeratoplasty is an effective tectonic treatment for restoring the globe anatomy in severe corneoscleral infection. Outcome depends on involvement of scleral quadrants, graft size, and severity of disease. Subsequent regrafting procedures are required to overcome reinfection of the primary graft.
Outcome of Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking in Keratoconus
Authors: Peyman Alireza , Feizi Awat , Ganjalikhani-Hakemi Mazdak , Hosseini-Nasab Fahimeh , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the multiple pretreatment characteristics and topographic factors of keratoconus (KC) patients and their relationship to clinical outcomes of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL).

Methods:

In this prospective study, 61 patients (106 eyes) with KC as candidates for CXL were included. Demographic data including age, sex, place of birth and residence, atopic constitution, family history, rubbing history, sleep apnea, and blood group were collected via a structured checklist. Complete ophthalmologic examination and tear collection to assess tear interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) level were performed. Topometric parameters were evaluated using a rotating Scheimpflug topography device. Changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and maximum keratometry (K-max) were considered the main predicted variables. Predictive variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression.

Results:

The use of multivariate analysis changes in K-max was significantly associated with rubbing frequency (coefficient = 0.94, P = 0.02), blood group (coefficient = 4.52, P = 0.005), pretreatment corneal asphericity (coefficient = −3.99, P ≤ 0.001), and pretreatment central keratoconus index (CKI) (coefficient = −55.38, P = 0.001). Regarding the changes in BCVA, the multivariate analysis showed a significant association with place of birth (coefficient = −0.08, P = 0.03), pretreatment BCVA (coefficient = −0.67, P < 0.001), pretreatment central corneal thickness (CCT) (coefficient = −0.005, P = 0.04), and pretreatment keratoconus index (KI) (coefficient = 0.53, P = 0.04). Other parameters assessed in the multivariable analysis did not appear to have an individual effect on treatment outcomes.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrated that blood group, rubbing of eye, place of birth, corneal asphericity, pretreatment BCVA, CKI, KI, and CCT were statistically associated with the outcome of KC following CXL.
Canadian Opinions on Refractive Surgery and Approaches to Presbyopia Correction
Authors: Chung Helen , Sanders Emi , Rocha Guillermo , Bhamra Jamie
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To explore the opinions of Canadian ophthalmologists on refractive and presbyopia-correcting surgeries.

Methods:

We distributed an online survey to the Canadian Ophthalmological Society members, covering laser refractive surgery (LRS), femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS), lenticular refractive surgery (lenRS) that includes cataract refractive surgery (CRS) with premium intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, and presbyopia correction.

Results:

There were 68 (7.6%) total respondents. Most respondents would not consider LRS (62.5%) nor FLACS (73.9%) for themselves. Male sex and performance of LRS or FLACS was significantly associated with consideration of these procedures for self. Most respondents (59.3%) would consider lenRS for themselves. The top method of personal presbyopia correction was spectacles, chosen by 52.5%.

Conclusions:

When surveying the wide body of Canadian ophthalmologists, most respondents preferred spectacle correction of presbyopia and would consider lenRS, but not LRS or FLACS for themselves. Surgeons performing these procedures were more likely to consider them for self.
Influence of JAK2V617F allele burden on
clinical phenotype of polycythemia vera patients:
A study from India
Authors: Sazawal Sudha , Singh Kanwaljeet , Chhikara Sunita , Chaubey Rekha , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Saxena Renu
Published: January 2021

Background: Elevated JAK2V617F allele
burden is associated with enhanced expression of
downstream target genes in Philadelphia negative
chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (CMPNs) which
include PV, ET & PMF. Previous studies have
shown the impact of JAK2V617F allele burden on
clinical phenotype of CMPNs. However, there is no
data from India regarding the association between
JAK2V617F allele burden and clinical phenotype in
PV. Aims/Settings and Design: We aimed to
investigate the effect of allele burden on
clinical phenotype in 90 JAK2V617F positive PV
patients and to see its influence on disease
related complications. Material and Methods:
Allele burden of 90 JAK2V617F positive PV patients
was quantified by Real-time polymerase chain
reaction (RQ-PCR). Results: 74/90 (82.22%) were
males and 16/90 (17.78%) were females (median 45
years, range 35-78). Patients with age >50
years had significantly higher JAK2V617F allele
burden (median 40.15%, range 0.49–91.62 %) than
patients with ≤ 50 years age (median 48.59 %,
range 0.56–86.74 %; P < 0.032). Patients with
splenomegaly had significantly higher JAK2V617F
allele burden (mean 50.24%, range 6.91–84.17%)
than patients without splenomegaly (mean 33.82 %,
range 0.49–71.83 %; P < 0.017). Patients with
higher allele burden (median 57.20, range
43.4–72.03%) had significantly raised thrombotic
events than the patients with lower allele burden
(median 37.38, range 0.49–84.17% P < 0.043).
49/90 (54%) were homozygous and 41/90 (46%) were
heterozygous. Conclusions: Higher JAK2V617F allele
burden showed association with increased age,
splenomegaly and thrombotic events. Thus, it may
be considered for prognostication and setting up
the treatment protocol in PV patients.
Systemic chemotherapy and short-course
radiation in metastatic rectal cancers: A feasible
paradigm in unresectable and potentially
resectable cancers
Authors: Ostwal Vikas , Kapoor Akhil , Engineer Reena , Saklani Avanish , deSouza Ashwin , Patil Prachi , Arya Supreeta , Ankathi Suman Kumar , Chopra Supriya , Patil Mangesh , Jain Shanu , Ramaswamy Anant
Published: January 2021

Background: The optimal use and
sequencing of short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) in
metastatic rectal cancers (mRCs) are not well
established. Materials and Methods: We
retrospectively reviewed the records of mRC
patients receiving SCRT followed by palliative
chemotherapy between January 1, 2013, and December
31, 2016, in Tata Memorial Hospital. Patients were
classified as having “potentially resectable”
disease (local and metastatic) or “unresectable”
disease at baseline based on prespecified
criteria. Results: A total of 105 consecutive
patients were available for analysis. The median
age of patients was 48 years (range: 16–62 years),
and 57.1% were male patients. Signet ring
histology was seen in 13.3% of patients. The most
common site of metastases was liver limited
(29.5%), nonloco-regional nodes (12.4%), and lung
limited metastases (9.5%). Chemotherapeutic
regimens administered were
capecitabine-oxaliplatin (70.5%), modified 5
fluorouracil (5
FU)-leucovorin-irinotecan-oxaliplatin (10.5%), and
modified 5 FU-leucovorin-irinotecan (8.6%).
Targeted therapy accompanying chemotherapy was
administered in 27.6% of patients. About 42.1% of
patients with potentially resectable disease and
11.1% with the unresectable disease at baseline
underwent curative-intent resection of the primary
and address of metastatic sites. With a median
follow-up 18.2 months, median overall survival
(OS) was 15.7 months (95% confidence interval:
10.42–20.99). Patients classified as potentially
resectable had a median OS of 32.62 months while
patients initially classified as unresectable had
a median OS of 13.04 months (P = 0.016). The
presence of signet ring morphology predicted for
inferior mOS (P = 0.021). Conclusions: SCRT
followed by systemic therapy in mRC is a feasible,
efficacious paradigm for maximizing palliation,
and achieving objective responses. The
classification of patients based on resectability
was predictive of actual resection rates as well
as outcomes. Signet ring mRC show inferior
outcomes in this cohort of patients.
Plasmablastic lymphoma in immunocompetent
and in immunocompromised patients: Experience at a
regional cancer centre in India
Authors: Rudresha A.H. , Lakshmaiah K.C. , Agarwal Ankit , Babu K. Govind , Loknatha D. , Jacob Linu Abraham , Babu Suresh , Lokesh K.N. , Rajeev L.K.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Plasmablastic lymphoma
(PBL) is a rare lymphoma associated with
immunosuppression. It is strongly associated with
immunosuppression (human immunodeficiency virus
[HIV]) and often occurs within the oral cavity.
PBL is also seen in patients receiving
immunosuppressive therapy; however, despite its
predisposition for the immunocompromised patients,
PBL has been diagnosed in immunocompetent
patients. Aim: This study aims to prognostic
factors and outcome of PBL in immunocompromised
and in immunocompetent patients. Materials and
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at our
institute from the year 2008 to 2015. Results: A
total of 13 patients (8 males and 5 females) with
PBL were identified. Eight patients (61.5%) had
extraoral PBL (median age 30.2 years) and 5
patients (38.5%) had oral PBL (median age 44
years). Most common extraoral site was
gastrointestinal tract. Eight (61.5%) out of 13
patients were HIV positive. More than 50% of
patients had Ann Arbor Stage III or IV. All the
cases were CD20 negative and CD138 positive. Seven
out of 13 patients had Ki-67 more than 80%. Nine
patients received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin,
vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy. Three
patients were on best supportive care due to poor
performance status (PS). One patient received
intensive chemotherapy with CODOX-M/IVAC. The
median overall survival was 9 months in
HIV-positive patients and 6 months in HIV-negative
patients. The prognosis was worse in patients with
Ki-67 of >80%. Statistical Analysis: Survival
curves were generated using the Kaplan–Meier
method and analyzed using log-rank test and
Fisher's t-test. Conclusion: The present study
confirms that PBL in both HIV-positive and in
HIV-negative patients has an overall unfavorable
outcome. The most important prognostic factors are
stage, ki-67, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology
Group PS of the patient at the time of
presentation.
Burden of acute toxicities in head-and-neck
radiation therapy: A single-institutional
experience
Authors: Muzumder Sandeep , Srikantia Nirmala , Udayashankar Avinash H. , Kainthaje Prashanth Bhat , John Sebastian M. G.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Combined modality therapy
is the standard of care in locally advanced
head-and-neck cancer (HNC). The incidence of acute
toxicities increases with additional therapy. The
present study investigated the incidence and
patterns of mucositis, dysphagia, aspiration,
feeding tube use, admission for supportive care,
and treatment compliance in patients with HNC
treated curatively with radiation therapy (RT)
with or without chemotherapy. Methods and
Material: A retrospective review of 164
consecutive HNC patients treated with RT at St.
John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, from
January 2013 to June 2017 was done. Results: A
total of 148 HNC patients were treated with a
curative intent and 122 (82.4%) were locally
advanced HNC. Combined Modality treatment was
received by 119 (80.4%) patients. Eighty-four
(56.7%) patients were treated by concurrent
chemo-radiation. IMRT technique was used in 125
(84.5%) patients. The incidence of grade 3-4
mucositis, dysphagia and aspiration was 25%, 46%,
and 10%, respectively. Nasogastric tube feeding
was necessitated in 18.9% (n=28) and 27% (n = 40)
required inpatient admission for supportive care.
Twenty-nine (19.6%) patients did not complete
planned RT dose and 46 (31%) patients had
unscheduled RT break (>2days). Fifty-six
(66.7%) patients did not receive planned
chemotherapy. Conclusions: Acute toxicity due to
RT in HNC remains a challenge despite using modern
techniques. A significant proportion of patients
require supportive therapy for more than 12 weeks
and did not complete the scheduled
treatment.
Reproductive factors and breast cancer
risk: A meta-analysis of case–control studies in
Indian women
Authors: Vishwakarma Gayatri , Ndetan Harrison , Das Durgesh Nandini , Gupta Garima , Suryavanshi Moushumi , Mehta Anurag , Singh Karan P.
Published: January 2021

Background/Objective: India is the
world's most biodiverse region and is undergoing a
period of dramatic social and economic change. Due
to population's explosion, climate change and lax
implementation of environmental policies, the
incidence of breast cancer is increasing. From
population-based cancer registry data, breast
cancer is the most common cancer in women in urban
registries where it constitutes more than 30% of
all cancers in females. We conducted a
meta-analysis of all breast cancer case–control
studies conducted in India during 1991–2018 to
find pooled estimates of odds ratio (OR).
Materials and Methods: Eligible studies were
identified through a comprehensive literature
search of PubMed, EMBASE, and HINARI databases
from 1991 to January 2018. This analysis included
24 observational studies out of 34 that reported
the case–control distribution of reproductive
factors, body mass index (BMI) and type of
residence. The analysis was performed using RevMan
5.3 (Review Manager, 2017) applying the
random-effects model. Results: A total of 21,511
patients (9889 cases and 11,622 controls) were
analyzed, resulting in statistically significant
association between breast cancer and the
following reproductive factors: never breastfeed
(OR: 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70,
8.01), menopausal age >50 years (OR: 2.88; 95%
CI: 1.85, 3.85), menarche age <13 years (OR:
1.83; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.51), null parity (OR: 1.58;
95% CI: 1.21, 2.06), postmenopause (OR: 1.35; 95%
CI: 1.13, 1.62), and age at the 1st pregnancy
>25 years (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.80).
Family history (FH) of breast cancer (OR: 5.33;
95% CI: 2.89, 9.82), obesity (OR: 1.19; 95% CI:
1.00, 1.42), and urban residence (OR: 1.22; 95%
CI: 1.03, 1.44) were also found to be significant
risk factors. Conclusion: The results of this
meta-analysis are indicative of significant
associations between reproductive factors and
breast cancer risk, profoundly so among women
experiencing menopause after the age of 50, women
who never breastfeed and FH of breast
cancer.
Evaluation of cytology as secondary triage
in visual inspection after application of 4%
acetic acid-based cervical cancer screening
program
Authors: Mishra Gauravi A. , Pimple Sharmila A. , Gupta Subhadra D.
Published: January 2021

Context (Background): Visual-based
screening techniques are low cost and have good
sensitivity. Hence, they appear promising for
primary screening in low-resource settings.
However, to reduce referrals for diagnostic
colposcopy, there is need to triage these
screen-positive women with test with good
specificity. Aims: The study aims to evaluate the
performance of cytology as triage for visual
inspection after application of 4% acetic acid
(VIA) screen-positive women. Settings and Design:
Community-based cervical cancer screening using
VIA was implemented among socioeconomically
disadvantaged women in Mumbai, India. Methods:
Cytology was performed on screen-positive women.
All primarily screen-positive women underwent
colposcopy. Directed biopsies were obtained among
women with positive findings on colposcopy. The
gold standard used for final disease status was
histopathology or negative colposcopy. Statistical
Analysis Used: Test characteristics of cytology as
triage test. Results: Among the 138,383
population, 16,424 eligible women were screened
with VIA. 785 (4.78%) women were VIA positive and
580 women participated in triage with cytology.
The sensitivity and specificity of cytology at
threshold of atypical squamous cells of
undetermined significance in detecting ≥cervical
intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 were 75.0 and
94.7, respectively. The positive and negative
predictive values of cytology as triage test were
23.1 and 99.4, respectively, and the false
positivity and false negativity rates were 5.34
and 25.0, respectively. Conclusion: Cytology
triage with VIA can reduce referrals for
colposcopy to 4.97% of original referrals but may
miss around 25%, of high-grade CIN. The
substantial reduction in referrals has special
implication for low-resource settings, wherein
compliance to referral and availability of
diagnostic facilities are poor.
Efficacy and safety of short course
adjuvant trastuzumab combination chemotherapy in
breast cancer
Authors: Hingmire Sachin S. , Sambhus Mahesh B. , Kelkar Dhananjay S. , Joshi Sujit , Parikh Purvish M. , Bharath R.
Published: January 2021

Background: The adjuvant short course
9-week trastuzumab combination therapy for human
epidermal receptor 2 positive breast cancer
patients may often be considered as a
cost-effective and safe option and has important
implications for the Indian subcontinent as well
as other developing countries. However, such
regimens of shorter duration trastuzumab therapy
like FinHer, offered in view of economic
constraints, may not be able to achieve globally
comparable cure rates in early breast cancer
especially with high-risk women with more than 3
lymph node positive. Methods and Material: Outcome
of 21 patients with HER2 positive breast cancer
was treated with short course trastuzumab
combination chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting
was studied. Results: Out of 21 patients 15 are
alive and disease free with a follow up of up to
73 months (median follow up 42 months).
A linguistic landscape of the central business district of Accra
Authors: Anderson Jemima Asabea , Wiredu John Franklin , Ansah Gladys Nyarko , Frimpong-Kodie George , Orfson-Offei Elizabeth , Boamah-Boateng Dennis
Published: January 2021

Using the mixed method research approach, this study investigated the linguistic landscape of the central business district of Accra, Ghana. The study employed both the Ethnolinguistic Vitality Theory (EV) and the Place Semiotics Theory to explore the types of signage displayed by shop owners in the Makola market, the languages used on these signs, the dominant language(s) on the signs and how the use of language reflects the ethnolinguistic vitality of the local languages used in Accra. The findings present a very busy linguistic landscape where shop owners use the names of their companies and the products they sell as a marketing strategy through a variety of modes including signboards, billboards, taglines, and signposts to attract customers. There was also a preponderance of English in the linguistic landscape of Accra, which establishes English as a powerful tool for inter-ethnic communication and national integration, giving an implicit impression of low vitality of indigenous languages in the space.
Adapting to life in “Strange England”: Interrogating identity and ideology from S.A.T. Taylor’s 1937 Travelogue; “An African In An English School”
Authors: Osei-Poku Kwame
Published: January 2021

This article is based on the premise that African authored travel writing about European socio-cultural spaces during the colonial period has the potential to interrogate notions about contemporary African identity while contributing to the collective ideological construction of the wider African society. Recent studies in African thought and ideology have provoked research into African-authored travel writing and the extent to which such travelogues have influenced discussions about the opinions and ideas, as well as a collective self-examination of African identities. These African-authored travelogues do not only represent a critical mass of source materials that highlight the racial discriminatory practices which many Africans encountered and still grapple with as sojourners and travellers to the British (Western) metropolises, but they also serve as a means of reimagining the diverse ways which Africans negotiate the identity quandaries they find themselves in within the context of a hegemonic milieu. The article focuses on the broader issues of identity and thematic ideological categories, using close reading strategies within a multidisciplinary context in analysing an African authored travelogue, “An African in an English School,” which was published in the December, 1937 edition of The West African Review magazine, and written by S.A.T. Taylor. Taylor writes about his impressions of the British educational system and difference, while simultaneously highlighting stereotypical perceptions about Africans by Europeans or the people of England.
Gamma Radiation Tolerance and Protein Carbonylation Caused by Irradiation of Resting Cysts in the Free-living Ciliated Protist Colpoda cucullus
Authors: Saito Ryota , Koizumi Ryota , Sakai Tatsuya , Shimizu Taiga , Ono Taiki , Sogame Yoichiro
Published: January 2021

The ciliate Colpoda cucullus forms resting cysts to survive unfavorable environmental stresses. In this study, we have shown that Colpoda resting cysts survived exposure to a gamma radiation dose of 4000 Gy, although vegetative cells were killed by 500 Gy. After 4000 Gy irradiation, more than 90% of resting cysts and approximately 70% of dry cysts could excyst to form vegetative cells. In both cases, the excystment gradually increased after the induction of excystment. In addition, we also showed that protein carbonylation level was increased by gamma irradiation, but decreased by incubation in the cyst state. These results indicated that cell damage was repaired in resting cysts. Colpoda probably developed tolerance to gamma radiation by forming resting cysts as a strategy for growth in terrestrial environments, as part of contending with the stress due to reactive oxygen species caused by desiccation.
Phylogeny and Synonymy of Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. (Dinophyceae), a Common Unarmored Dinoflagellate in the World Oceans [plus supplementary materials]
Authors: Gómez Fernando , Artigas Luis F. , Gast Rebecca J.
Published: January 2021

The North Sea and the English Channel are regions with a long tradition of plankton studies, where the colony-forming haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa dominates the spring phytoplankton blooms. Among its predators, we investigated an abundant unarmored dinoflagellate (~3000 cells per liter) in the North Sea in May 2019. It has been reported in the literature as Gymnodinium heterostriatum or G. striatissimum, and often identified as Gyrodinium spirale. Phylogenetic analyses using the small-, large subunit- and Internal Transcriber Spacers of the ribosomal RNA (SSU-, LSU-, ITS rRNA) gene sequences indicate that our isolates clustered within the Gyrodinium clade. The new sequences formed a sister group with sequences of the freshwater taxon Gyrodinium helveticum, being one of the infrequent marine-freshwater transitions in the microbial world. This isolate is the first characterized member of a clade of numerous environmental sequences widely distributed from cold to tropical seas. This common and abundant taxon has received several names due to its morphological plasticity (changes of size and shape, often deformed after engulfing prey) and the difficulty in discerning surface striation. We conclude that the priority is for the species name Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid & Swezy 1921, a new name that was proposed for Gymnodinium spirale var. obtusum sensu Dogiel 1906. The species Gyrodinium striatissimum (Hulburt 1957) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 and Gymnodinium lucidum D. Ballantine in Parke & Dixon 1964 (=G. hyalinum M. Lebour 1925) are posterior synonyms. We propose Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. for Gymnodinium heterostriatum.
Better than Pindar? The Ode by Sidronius Hosschius to Sarbievius and Its Two Versions
Authors: Hulsenboom Paul
Published: January 2021

The main aim of this paper is to present and analyse an ode by the Flemish Jesuit Sidronius Hosschius (Sidronius [or Syderoen] de Hossche, 1596–1653) to “the Sarmatian Horace”Mathias Casimirus Sarbievius (Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, 1595–1640). This eulogy has often been viewed as a masterpiece. In addition, it has two distinct versions: one published in a collection of poems in honour of Sarbievius (the socalled Epicitharisma), first printed in an edition of his oeuvre in 1632, and one in the collective volume of Hosschius’s own works issued posthumously in 1656. Both versions were first published by the famous Plantin-Moretus printing house in Antwerp. The paper consists of three sections. The first one focuses on the relationship between Hosschius and Sarbievius and on the Nachleben of Hosschius’s ode. The second section offers a general analysis of the poem. Tracing the contents of Hosschius’s ode and its sources of inspiration, it argues that Hor. Carm. IV 2 is central to the poem’s understanding. The third section discusses the differences between the two versions, in an attempt to disclose why the poem was altered and how the changes influence the ode’s meaning. A number of larger changes affect the poem’s central message: while in the earlier version Sarbievius is said to outdo Pindar and even Horace, the later version is more cautious. All it does is admit that Sarbievius could perhaps equal Pindar and Orpheus. Hosschius’s eulogy and the reception of Sarbievius through his composition have two different traditions: 1) the one found in most editions of Sarbievius’s works, where the poem basically proclaims him to be the best Latin lyricist of all time, thereby tying in with other laudatory contributions and promoting both Sarbievius’s oeuvre and the editions themselves, and 2) the one added to Hosschius’s own poetry, where the adjusted version—which contains more references to ancient literature and which could be called more personal, as well as, perhaps, more realistic—became a fan favourite. In both instances, however, the reinterpretation of the psychological effect of poetry—the translation of furor poeticus from the author to the reader—and the re-evaluation of the concept of aemulatio could be the main reason why Hosschius’s ode was so highly valued.
English 18th-Century Women Poets and Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski: Adaptation, Paraphrase, Translation
Authors: Fordoński Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with six poems of three 18th-century English women poets—Lady Mary Chudleigh, Mary Masters, and Anne Steele “Theodosia”—inspired by the works of the greatest Polish Neo-Latin poet Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. The aim of the study is to present the three authors, their biographies and literary oeuvres, and to attempt an analysis of the poems in question within this context.

The biographies, social position—Chudleigh was the wife a baronet, the two others belonged to the middle class—and education of the three authoresses differ and yet they all shared the limitations resulting from the fact that they were women in 18th-century England, and were therefore denied access to academic education. The analysis of the texts and biographies has proven that it is highly improbable that either of the three women poets could translate the poems from Latin originals. All of their translations are based on earlier renditions; in the case of Chudleigh it is possible to identify the source text, that is the translation by John Norris.

Inasmuch as it can be ascertained from the available biographical and critical sources and the results, the attitudes of the three poetesses towards their work varied. Only Masters acknowledged the source material in her publications. Although the current concepts of translation are different, her two poems: On a Fountain. Casimir, Lib. Epod. Ode 2 and Casimir, Lib. I. Ode 2—qualify as translations by the standards of her times. They are analysed here in detail. Neither Chudleigh nor Steele mentioned Sarbiewski in their publications. Their decision can be justified by the fact that their poems, even if clearly (though most likely indirectly) inspired by his lyrics, must be classified as free adaptations or even original poetry influenced by Sarbiewski or earlier translations and adaptations of his works.
U bram niebios. Oda (IV 30) Macieja Kazimierza Sarbiewskiego do Janusza Skumina Tyszkiewicza
Authors: Ryczek Wojciech
Published: January 2021

At Heaven’s Gate: Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski’s Ode (IV 30) to Janusz Skumin Tyszkiewicz The main purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it presents the edition of a Latin ode written by Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski SJ (1595–1640) dedicated to Janusz Skumin Tyszkiewicz (1572–1642), Voivode of Trakai, after the death of his beloved wife, Barbara née Naruszewicz (1580–1627). A new Polish translation of this text and a commentary are also provided. Secondly, the first part of the paper, or the invitation to close reading, aims at giving more detailed information about the rhetorical architecture of the ode, particularly its composition, arguments, and figures. Sarbiewski, regarded as the most brilliant imitator of Horatian lyrical discourse in early-modern Europe (“Christian Horace”), used the established schemes and formulas to create a Christian consolation based on reinventing the lyrical arguments. The persuasive power of his ode is strongly related to vivid, evocative, and meaningful images. The correlation between divine inspiration and poetic perfection allowed him to refashion the rhetorical patterns of epicedium. Sarbiewski wanted to demonstrate his ability to use various modes of linguistic expression. Thus, in the heart of his consolation there is a story about “the cracks”(rimae) in heaven’s gate and a poet who can take a short glimpse into “the heavenly city”(urbs caelestis). The consolation is to confirm the belief that, following departure, a deceased can live in the realm of eternal joy and happiness. Paradoxically, he or she can be happier there than during his or her earthly life. Despite its rhetorical refinement and poetical elaboration, it always serves the same purpose. Moreover, its realisation only becomes possible due to literary mediation. The poet appears to be the mediator between the world of the living and the world of the dead. The final verses of the poem bring a moral lesson best epitomized in a brief appeal “do not want more”(nec tu plura velis), addressed not only to Tyszkiewicz, but also to the poet himself and the readers.
Medycyna w ujęciu Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego
Authors: Gryglewski Ryszard W.
Published: January 2021

Medicine in terms of Jędrzej Śniadecki Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838) remains one of most eminent scholars of his times. Remembered as a founder of modern chemistry in Poland, one of early pioneers in anthropology and social sciences, and author of the two volume book Theory of organic being (Teoria jestestw organicznych), in which the modern metabolic concept of life processes can be considered as grounded; he was also a highly educated and gifted physician. This paper aims to show the importance of medicine in Śniadecki’s theory of life, in its physiological and pathological manifestations in regard to the clinical model and the medical practice which he followed. It deals with the concept of illness as described in Śniadecki’s writings, focusing on the role of irritation and organic reaction as the major components of his proposed pathological model. The dynamic and variable conditions of diseases are explained by means of metabolic changes, which was a truly pioneering concept, already described in Śniadecki’s earlier theoretical works on the subject of life and nature. The paper discusses the problem of influence in terms of the leading medical doctrines at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, namely those of John Brown (1735–1788) and François Broussais (1772–1838), on Śniadecki as a researcher and practitioner. For practical (clinical) medicine his reserve towards auscultation and percussion, then a slowly gaining field in clinical subjects, is clearly present in Śniadecki’s writings and teaching. His passive and, as far as we can tell, sceptical attitude is explained by the lack of convincing evidence, based on empirical and experimental data, which would enable to connect the physical signs of a diagnosis fulfilled by means of stethoscope to that of the percussion process. It must be remembered that the books by Adam Raciborski (1809–1871) and Joseph Škoda (1805–1881) were both published in the 1830s, where modern diagnosing methods were established using a suitable scientific background to explain their importance. This was too late to influence the clinical work of Śniadecki. The same scepticism, with an obvious demand for strict and experimentally derived data, is probably responsible for the conservative therapy present in Śniadecki’s teaching.
Krakowskie pamiątki po Jędrzeju Śniadeckim
Authors: Wyka Ewa
Published: January 2021

Jędrzej Śniadecki memorabilia from Kraków This article presents the results of a search for memorabilia related to Jędrzej Śniadecki (1768–1838), a prominent Polish chemist, doctor and columnist. He was born in Żnin in Greater Poland, educated in Kraków and his professional life was associated with Vilnius. This search for memorabilia related to Jędrzej Śniadecki (except for archival materials) was conducted in Vilnius and Kalczuny in Belarus, which has a school museum devoted to Jędrzej Śniadecki and other scholars. However, no personal belongings related to the scholar were found at these locations. At present, the only items known to have belonged to Jędrzej Śniadecki are included in the collection of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. These items are: an 18th-century microscope, a line gauge dating to 1834 and a ceremonial spade which formed an element of the academic regalia worn by professors of the Imperial University of Vilnius. The article discusses the above mentioned items and their provenance. In 1964, the microscope was transferred to the Jagiellonian University Museum in Kraków from the Botany Unit of the Jagiellonian University by Professor Władysław Szafer (1886–1970) with the information that it had belonged to Jędrzej Śniadecki. It is a Cuff-type microscope made of wood, cardboard, bone and glass, manufactured in Nuremberg. The microscope attributed to Śniadecki bears the initials JFF. It is not a high quality product, but microscopes from Nuremberg gained popularity as toys rather than test instruments. The second item attributed to Jędrzej Śniadecki is a 24-inch folding line gauge which consists of two parts. It was bought in 1957 by the Jagiellonian University Museum from Professor Andrzej Ciechanowiecki, who had inherited it in 1945 from Maria Kazimierzowa Osiecimska-Czapska (née Śniadecka), a great-granddaughter of Jędrzej Śniadecki. In the family, this item was regarded as a memento of Jędrzej Śniadecki which came from Boltup. Another memento of the scholar is a ceremonial spade. Tradition has it that it belonged to Jędrzej Śniadecki and was an element of the ceremonial regalia worn by the professors of the Imperial University of Vilnius. In 1878, the spade was donated to the Archaeological Cabinet of the Jagiellonian University by Kazimierz Jan Wilczyński (1806–1885), a doctor, art collector, publisher and member of the Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission.
Izochimeny i literatura. O książce Magdaleny Koch Mistrzynie myślenia. Serbski esej feministyczny (XIX−XXI wiek)
Authors: Kaniecka Dominika
Published: January 2021

Concept of Isochimes and Literature. On Magdalena Koch’s Book Mistrzynie myślenia. Serbski esej feministyczny (XIX−XXI wiek) This article presents Mistrzynie myślenia Serbski esej feministyczny (XIX−XXI wiek) [Woman Intellectual Mentors: The Serbian Feminist Essay (From the 19th to the 20thCentury)], a book by Magdalena Koch. This is a significant monograph that clarifies the role and place of women in Serbian literature and culture, as well as the essay as an important tool in the process of emancipation of Serbian women. Polish researcher provides a diachronic panorama of the genre over the past two centuries. The book’s crucial point is its focus on the clear presence of the tradition of the feminist essay in the cultural space in Serbia.
A Revived Sāṃkhyayoga Tradition in Modern India
Authors: Jakubczak Marzenna
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the phenomenon of Kāpil Maṭh (Madhupur, India), a Sāṃkhyayoga āśrama founded in the early twentieth century by the charismatic Bengali scholar-monk Swāmi Hariharānanda Ᾱraṇya (1869–1947). While referring to Hariharānanda’s writings I will consider the idea of the re-establishment of an extinct spiritual lineage. I shall specify the criteria for identity of this revived Sāṃkhyayoga tradition by explaining why and on what assumptions the modern reinterpretation of this school can be perceived as continuation of the thought of Patañjali and Īśvarakṛṣṇa. The starting point is, however, the question whether it is possible at all to re-establish a philosophical tradition which had once broken down and disappeared for centuries. In this context, one ought to ponder if it is likely to revitalise the same line of thinking, viewing, philosophy-making and practice in accordance with the theoretical exposition of the right insight achieved by an accomplished teacher, a master, the founder of a “new”revived tradition declared to maintain a particular school identity. Moreover, I refer to a monograph of Knut A. Jacobsen (2018) devoted to the tradition of Kāpil Maṭh interpreted as a typical product of the nineteenth-century Bengali renaissance.
The Concept of Kuṇḍalinī in Śiva Śatakam: A Malayalam Work by Nārāyaṇa Guru
Authors: Urbańska Hanna
Published: January 2021

In the present paper an attempt will be made toward interpreting selected stanzas from the work of Nārāyaṇa Guru (1854–1928), a mystic and social reformer from Kerala. In his Malayalam work the Kuṇḍalinī Pāṭṭŭ (The Song of the Kundalini Snake), Guru depicted an ancient yogic concept of Kuṇḍalinī, a coiled power residing in the state of sleep within the subtle energy centre (mūlādhāra) situated at the base of the central body channel (suṣumnā). The very same concept appears in many other works by Nārāyaṇa Guru, including Śiva Śatakam (One Hundred Stanzas on Śiva). An analysis of these stanzas in the light of the Siddha tradition (Tirumandiram by Tirumūlar) reveals that not only has the Kuṇḍalinī concept been borrowed from the Dravidian literature, Nārāyaṇan introduces the Tamil Siddhas’style of description of mystic experiences to his philosophical works, using metaphorical-twilight language which excludes the possibility of univocal interpretation.
Towards a Supernatural Propaganda. The DPRK Myth in the Movie The Big-Game Hunter
Authors: Husarski Roman
Published: January 2021

For a long time, the world thought that the collapse of the USSR in 1991 would lead to a similar outcome in North Korea. Although the Kim regime suffered harsh economic troubles, it was able to distance itself from communism without facing an ideological crisis and losing mass support. The same core political myths are still in use today. However, after the DPRK left the ideas of socialist realism behind, it has become clearer that the ideology of the country is a political religion. Now, its propaganda is using more supernatural elements than ever before. A good example is the movie The Big-Game Hunter (Maengsu sanyangkkun) in which the Japanese are trying to desacralize Paektu Mountain, but instead experience the fury of the holy mountain in the form of thunderbolts. The movie was produced in 2011 by P’yo Kwang, one of the most successful North Korean directors. It was filmed in the same year Kim Chŏng-ŭn came to power. The aim of the paper is to show the evolution of the DPRK political myth in North Korean cinema, in which The Big-Game Hunter seems to be another step in the process of mythologization. It is crucial to understand how the propaganda works, as it is still largely the cinema that shapes the attitudes and imagination of the people of the DPRK.
Mots en cheveux. Hériter de l’histoire genrée de la broderie à travers l’écriture
Authors: Salles Claire
Published: January 2021

Words made of hair. Women’s reappropriations of writing through embroidery Contemporary pieces of embroidery showing words made of human hair open up reflections upon how women artists challenge the traditional partition between the needle (for women) and the pen (for men). The article offers a synthesis on the historical construction of this gendered assignation of needlework to women, from Renaissance to the early twentieth century. The idea of physical and moral coercion appears in the feminine history of needlework as well as in the history of the access of young women to reading and writing. Finally, if embroidery was for a long time excluded from metaphorical descriptions of literature, unlike weaving, the article ends up showing how the crossroads between writing and embroidery can be seen as a part of women’s emancipation.
Les Contes drôlatiques de Balzac, des contes à tous crins et de tout poil
Authors: de l’Isle‐Adam Marie‐Christine Garneau
Published: January 2021

Hair cornucopia in Balzac’s Contes drôlatiques In order to re‐evaluate the constraints imposed by literary censorship to writers and painters after the Renaissance until the Restauration and Orleanist monarchy, we offer this comparative analysis of the treatment of hair, hair style, body hair in Balzac’s La Comédie humaine where Balzac has to restrain himself to reach success and in his Contes drôlatiques, which takes place in the medieval period and the Renaissance, and emulates the language and crudity of the time. Balzac’s point of view is particularly interesting first because he is quite knowledgeable of literary and artistic expressions during the medieval age and the Renaissance with Aretino and Rabelais, and second because he lived during the time when the daguerreotype appeared and made possible the representation of the body as it is, attempt that the anatomists of the Renaissance had also played with. However, with their droll stories, neither was Rabelais an anatomist nor was Balzac a common man.
Les cheveux dans Ma tendre ennemie de Lisa Bresner : la natte, le pinceau et le peintre castré
Authors: Tan Tianqi
Published: January 2021

The hair in Ma tendre ennemie by Lisa Bresner : the queue, the ink brush and the castrated painter Lisa Bresner (1971‐2007) is a novelist, translator, and sinologist, who has dedicated her entire life to literary creation around China and Asia. Ma tendre ennemie is her second novel, published in 1994 by Gallimard. The themes of Lisa Bresner’s work have to do with body and sensation. As for Ma tendre ennemie, this symbolic role returns to the hair – the support of sexual seduction, of power, of fertility, and more particularly of this novel, of artistic creation. This article aims to analyse, how the notion of hair in the novel goes hand in hand with the ambiguous political and social stake of the wearing of the queue during the first Sino‐Japanese war, the deconstruction of the castration, the aesthetic of cruelty, and the reinterpretation of Asian eroticism.
Patrie, contrerévolution, romantisme. Xavier de Maistre et la Savoie perdue
Authors: Kossakowski Przemysław
Published: January 2021

Fatherland, counterrevolution, romanticism. Xavier de Maistre and his lost Savoy The literary works of Xavier de Maistre, savoyard writer and painter of the turn of 18th and 19th centuries, are strictly connected to the era in which the author has lived, particularly in the way of considering concepts of fatherland and nature, landscape. A trauma, related to the invasion of French revolutionary forces in Savoy pushed de Maistre into the counterrevolutionary camp and stimulated narrative reflections upon the themes of homeland, nature, and political change. His works, such as Voyage autour de ma chambre and Expédition nocturne autour de ma chambre, written between 1794 and 1825, show a particular evolution of the author’s point of view, starting from a classical, objectifying approach, inherited form the Enlightenment, to transform finally towards a subjective, individual scope, specific to the romanticism. To discover the motors and instru ments of this evolution of the author’s mind is the object of this paper.
Prosper Mérimée et la Pologne
Authors: Laurent Thierry
Published: January 2021

Prosper Mérimée and Poland Prosper Mérimée (1803‐1870), writer and scholar, member of the French Academy, has often evoked in his correspondence, his fictional accounts and his historical studies, the political and cultural past of Poland as well as its conflicting relations with Russia during the 19th century. Unlike many of his romantic contemporaries, he was rather insensitive to the plight of the Poles and made no effort to understand them better. His fear of revolutionary convulsions, his anti‐Catholic prejudices, his too superficial knowledge of local realities and his growing love for Russia throughout his life, probably explain his views. However, we should not forget his friendship with some Poles in exile in France and his support for the Historical and literary library of Paris.