bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of cooling rate on structure and mechanical properties of Co-Cr-Cu-Fe-Ni-Sn high entropy alloys
Authors: Kushnerov O. I. , Bashev V. F.
Published: December 2021

The paper examines the structure and mechanical properties of multicomponent high-entropy CoCrCuFeNiSnx alloys in as-cast and splat-quenched states. The compositions of investigated alloys is analyzed by using the criteria for predicting the phase composition of high-entropy alloys available in the literature, based both on calculations of the entropy and enthalpy of mixing and on an estimate of the difference between the atomic radii of the component. The alloy films is fabricated by the known technique of splat-quenching. A cooling rate estimated by a film thickness is ~ 106 K/s. The simultaneous formation of two solid solutions (FCC + ordered BCC) has been established in the alloy structure. An increase in the concentration of Sn favors the formation of the ordered (В2 type) solid solution in the structure of the alloys. High values of the microhardness and dislocation density have been obtained in the splat-quenched samples. It is also shown that an increase in the Sn content positively affects the microhardness.
The effect of score types on total score in trampoline gymnastics: Example of the European Championship in Sochi 2021
Authors: Kosova Sercin , Koca Kosova Merve
Published: December 2021

Background and Study Aim. Trampoline gymnastics has a versatile scoring system that has evolved and become more complex over the years. This study aimed to find the effect of the difficulty (D), execution (E), time of flight (TOF), and horizontal displacement (HD) scores on the total score in male and female trampoline gymnasts. Material and Methods. The results of the first round in the qualification round in the individual senior category of the 27th European Championships in Trampoline Gymnastics were used for evaluation. Multiple regression analysis (the enter method) was performed to build a model between the total score and D, E, TOF, and HD scores. Results. According to multiple regression analyses, respectively E, TOF, D, and HD scores were predictors of the total score in the men’s first routine, and D, E, TOF, and HD in the men’s second routine (p<0.05). Although women have the same ranking as the men of the second routines, respectively E, D, TOF, and HD scores were predictors of the first routine (p<0.05). Conclusions. The results show that the E score is critical for the first routines and the D score is critical for the second routines. The fact that the first and second routines were constructed with different strategies as per the competition rules may have caused this result. By reminding coaches and athletes of the fact that the types of scores can affect each other, it can be suggested that they adjust their target scores according to the type of routine and the stage and type of competition.
Towards Unifying Scheduling and Location Problems: A Non-Stationary Hypercube Model (This article was invited to be published in Gepros)
Authors: Siqueira Regiane Máximo , Beojone Caio Vitor
Published: December 2021

Purpose – this paper aims to develop a non-stationary hypercube model capable of uniting the properties that models for both problems seek (location and shift-scheduling problems).Theoretical framework – We present the proposed model using a mixed discrete-continuous time Markov chain and compares it to a discrete-event simulation through an illustrative example.Design/methodology/approach – The method used in this paper is quantitative with a comparison between an approach of simulation and an exact model.Findings – The results show a high similarity between both models. However, the proposed model does not present noise in performance measures such as waiting times and travel times. Nevertheless, the study of their residuals revealed that the proposed model has a lower sensitivity to events, such as shift endings and imperfections in dispatch preferences. Further studies may reduce such a variation by improvements in the calculations of performance measurements.Research, Practical & Social implications – The mentioned results suggest that the proposed model may become an option for applications uniting location and shift-scheduling problems.Originality/value – When developing location problems, we seek models that are capable of representing the pertinent geographic characteristics to the problem. On the other hand, when developing shift-scheduling problems, we seek models capable of capturing transient fluctuations in the components (such as demand, service times, available workforce, among others) of such a system. Therefore, in the search to improve the daily operations of systems, such as emergency service systems (ambulances, police, firefighters) using either of the two problems individually, it may lead to flawed conclusions.Keywords - Emergency Service Systems; Queueing Theory; Hypercube non-stationary; Discrete Event Simulation; Performance Measurement.
Discurso do Dr. Jaume Trilla Bernet no ato de outorga a Paulo Freire do título de Doutor Honoris Causa pela Universidade de Barcelona em 1988
Authors: Garcia Valéria Aroeira
Published: December 2021

Resumo Esta é a publicação do discurso realizado (em catalão) por Jaume Trilla Bernet, professor da Universidade de Barcelona, na solenidade de outorga do título de doutor honoris causa a Paulo Neves Réglus Freire por aquela instituição. Valéria Garcia apresenta ao público brasileiro o professor espanhol, comentando a importância de seu trabalho no campo da educação não formal, bem como suas relações com Freire. No discurso, o professor Trilla faz uma apresentação biográfica do homenageado e passa em revista sua obra, tomando por eixo a relação teoria-prática, explicitando como conceitos centrais: conscientização; diálogo; mudança.
Análisis del crecimiento de Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., en presencia de barreras vivas
Authors: Álvarez Hugo Alejandro
Published: December 2021

El fraccionamiento y/o destrucción de los hábitats naturales para el uso agrícola, y el uso indiscriminado de plaguicidas y agroquímicos, representan las causas más importantes en la pérdida masiva de diversidad biológica a nivel mundial. Para contrarestar estó, la agroecología trata de rescatar el potencial endógeno de los agroecosistemas locales, para alcanzar la autosuficiencia y fortalecer su reproducción a nivel biológico; haciendo uso de tecnicas de manejo sostenible como las barreras vivas, las cuales suponen beneficios para la agricultura, sin embargo, la eficiencia de éstas hacia los cultivos es poco conocida sobre todo en cultivos revalorizados como el Amaranto. En el presente estudio se evaluó el crecimiento vegetativo de Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., en función de la proximidad a barreras vivas nativas, a nivel de pequeña parcela, comparando tres sistemas diferentes, zona natural, zona con barrera viva y zona sin barrera. Los resultados mostrarón patrones de respuesta positiva por parte de las plantas de A. hypochondriacus hacia la presencia de barreras vivas nativas. Las plántas de A. hypochondriacus tienden a crecer más, cerca de la barrera, y de manera importante la panícula; sugieriendo la existencia de efectos de borde positivos. Así el presente estudio establece por primera vez que las plantas de amaranto tienen el potencial de responder a la presencia de barreras vivas (ecotono) impactando positivamente en el crecimiento vegetativo de dicha especie cultivada.
Review of guidelines for sustainable municipal waste management: best practices in Brazil
Authors: Olivo Valdir Eduardo , Prietto Pedro Domingos Marques , Korf Eduardo Pavan
Published: December 2021

Current integrated management systems involve several dimensions since sustainability has among its fundamental principles the protection of public health and the minimisation of environmental, social and economic impacts. The aim of this study was to provide a review of guidelines for achieving integrated sustainable waste management (ISWM) by presenting a selected best practice in Brazilian cities. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify current systems and best practices in waste management. The results evidenced the significant role played by all the actors involved (population, private sector, authorities and non-governmental organisations). Political, legal and institutional guidelines ensure an adequate management planning through technical studies, drafting of legislation and technical and operational structure for the provision of services. The economic aspects guarantee the financial sustainability of the system. The socio-environmental guidelines provide for the minimisation of environmental impacts through the reduction of waste generation and social inclusion. The best practices in Brazil showed that municipalities that adopt sustainable integrated management have higher rates of recycling, social engagement, social inclusion, economic sustainability and reduced impacts on the environment. These guidelines serve as a planning tool for any local government to structure an ISWM system.
The Frame Problem in Ethics
Authors: Gałecki Sebastian
Published: December 2021

Although the “frame problem” in philosophy has been raised in the context of the artificial intelligence, it is only an exemplification of broader problem. It seems that contemporary ethical debates are not so much about conclusions, decisions, norms, but rather about what we might call a “frame”. Metaethics has always been the bridge between purely ethical principles (“this is good and it should be done”, “this is wrong and it should be avoided”) and broader (ontological, epistemic, anthropological etc.) assumptions. One of the most interesting meta-ethical debates concerns the “frame problem”: whether the ethical frame is objective and self-evident, or is it objective but not self-evident? In classical philosophy, this problem takes the form of a debate on the first principles: nonprovable but necessary starting points for any practical reasoning. They constitute the invisible but essential frame of every moral judgment, decision and action. The role of philosophy is not only to expose these principles, but also to understand the nature of the moral frame.
Multiculturality in the (before)pandemic world and its meaning for the multicultural learning process
Authors: Stepaniuk Joanna
Published: December 2021

The phenomena of multiculturality is one of the key determinants that create the modern world and multicultural relations based among others on the meeting with the Other. The main purpose of the considerations in the presented text is to point the way how epidemiological threat connected with the expansion of SARS-CoV-2 virus has changed the perspective of preception of multiculturality and at the same time how it has determined (perhaps) the new thinking of the need of multicultural interactions. The author of the article appeals to both interdisciplinary literature subject and makes her own thoughts about the phenomena of multiculturality, presenting its meaning for the learning process. In the final part the most important conclusions and rethoughts about the multicultural society, chances and possibilities of its development in the globalised (before)pandemic world are contained.
Photographs of Silos: On the Contingency of a Modern Photographic Canon
Authors: Mejía Moreno Catalina
Published: December 2021

This article re-examines the dissemination of the photographs and their subsequent reproduction of the now-canonical grain elevators and published in the early 20th century. For example, Walter Gropius used them as illustrations for his article in the 1913 Werkbund yearbook, while Le Corbusier included them in Vers une architecture. While the idea of a canon made up of buildings is widely accepted within architecture discourse, this article identifies and stresses the role of photographic canons as a means of further challenging these constructions. The article focuses on the moment when the reproductions of these photographs became canonical and on the mechanisms that such a construct implied. The photo reproductions were objects of trade and exchange, mobilised in relation to photographic media and different platforms for dissemination. On the one hand, this informed their reading as architectural and thus singular objects; on the other, the different materialisations of photo reproductions testify to their nature as commodities and objects of trade, and therefore to the consolidation of their canonical status.
Review: Imagining Apocalyptic Politics in the Anthropocene
Authors: Alt Suvi
Published: December 2021

Imagining Apocalyptic Politics in the Anthropocene speaks to a widespread contemporary perception of crisis which is constituted, among others, by rapidly deteriorating environmental conditions, the rise of nationalist politics, and the spread of infectious disease. The book's chapters offer a wide range of compelling engagements with the predicaments of existence in the era that is called the Anthropocene, with subjects ranging from the climate emergency to geotrauma to urbicide, and from indigenous cosmologies to ageism to selfies. 
READING ‘THE NEWCOMES’ IN DIFFERENT WAYS: LITERARY AND CRITICAL ‘DUEL’ OF CHERNYSHEVSKY AND DRUZHININ
Authors:   Perm State University, Proskurnin Boris M.
Published: December 2021

The essay deals with the issues of reception of English literature by Russian literary criticism; it analyzes polemically pointed evaluations of The Newcomes (1853–1855) by two leading Russian critics of the 1850s – 1860s – Nikolay Chernyshevsky and Alexander Druzhinin. To look at their reviews of the novel is worthwhile as it leads to a better understanding of both Russian literary process of the period and Russian reception of English literature in the middle of the 19th century. While examining these reviews, it is necessary to remember that this novel occupies quite an important place in the creative work of Thackeray and has many peculiarities at such levels of its structure as genre, plot, narrative, character-making, irony. The novel belongs to the after Vanity Fair period of Thackeray’s oeuvre with its own aesthetics which just in The Newcomes gets its final look. The novel pictures the life of the English upper classes with the help of chronicle and panoramic methods of plot-making; direct satire, keenest irony and invective do not work here as they work in Vanity Fair. It is precisely this ‘otherness’ of The Newcomes, in comparison with the most famous novel by Thackeray, that becomes the matter of the opposite estimates of this novel by two Russian critics: at one extreme, Chernyshevsky who, though noting some strong plot-making and narrative positions in the novel, criticizes the writer for poor conceptuality of the novel, the petty themes raised, the hero’s unimpressiveness, procrastination and slowness of the narrative; at the other extreme, the benevolent view of Druzhi­nin who reveals some important facets of the novel’s artistic originality. He does not assess the novel from the ideological positions which are, in many respects, the products of the first Russian ‘thaw’ after the period of political reaction of the regime of Nicholas I and which determine the position of Chernyshevsky. Since Druzhinin had been taken by Chernyshevsky as his ideological rival and the founder of ‘art for art’s sake’ conception, his review was a severe polemical answer to Druzhinin’s review published earlier. That is one of the main reasons why such a profound literary critic as Chernyshevsky did not notice or did not want to notice many merits of The Newcomes which are stressed in the essay. It is shown in the essay that, while wri­ting his review of The Newcomes, Chernyshevsky was thinking more about Russian literary situation than Thackeray’s novel itself and the literary process in England in the middle of the 19th century.
REGIONAL MEDIA AND THEIR FUNCTIONING IN MODERN COMMUNICATION CONDITIONS (a Case Study of the Media of the Republic of Mordovia)
Authors:   Ogarev Mordovia State University, Dementieva Kseniya V.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes web portals and public pages of regional media, which help the media adapt to modern communication conditions. The material under study is texts published in the five media sources most popular in Mordovia and on their public pages on the VKontakte social networking service. We carried out a content analysis of more than 1,000 media texts and a qualitative analysis of about 500 materials. Basing on that, we ranked the media according to the activity of their subscribers and identified characteristics that allow the media to increase the number of subscribers and promote their activity, such as the expressiveness of materials, the use of various stylistic devices aimed at attracting the attention of the audience. Regional media are successfully using the platforms of all social networking services and messengers, the number of subscribers to each of them is regularly increasing. We have also identified the prospects for the development of regional media: a greater diversity in genres, in stylistic, thematic and multimedia presentation of information, a prompt response to the requests of the audience and subscribers will help to increase the competitiveness in the information market of the region. In conclusion, we offer criteria for the effective presentation of information on public pages and web portals that promotes a response of the audience.
FROM THE ETYMOLOGY OF RUSSIAN DIALECTAL WORDS WITH THE ROOT ‘TAL-//TOL-’
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Leont’eva Maria O.
Published: December 2021

The article presents etymological and motivational analysis of three dialectal lexical groups with the root tal-//tol-. The author considers that the dialecticisms under study refer to the word family талый  (melted) / таять  (to melt) and attempts to reconstruct its own motivational logic for each lexical group. The first part of the article analyzes the word талы/толы  (eyes), the origin of which currently remains not clear enough. The author provides the known hypotheses of the word origin, which include both the initial version (bringing to the family таять (to melt) and an assumption of borrowing. The initial version of the word origin is developed based on its semantic and functional characteristics, the peculiarities characterizing the perception of the organ of vision in language and culture, and motivational patterns in dialectal designations of eyes. The version of the origin of the word as borrowed from the Turkic languages is critically analyzed through reference to the patterns of the appearance of Turkic borrowings in Russian dialects. The second part of the article is devoted to the lexical group талики/толики  (ripe cloudberry). Different sources treat these lexical unit as a Finno-Ugric borrowing, on the one hand, and as related to the Russian word таять (to melt), on the other hand, thus interpreting them as a result of semantic loan translation from Finno-Ugric. The paper provides some additional arguments in favor of the version that the names of ripe cloudberry belong to the family таять (to melt), while admitting the possibility of the original (not loaned) origin of the naming. The third part of the article deals with the dialectal word талица  (rutabaga), the etymological solutions for which are unknown. The author considers this word to have origin in the verb таять (to melt), which is argued based on the peculiarities of the secretion of juice from rutabaga while its being cooked. In conclusion, some other names of cloudberry and rutabaga are compared, and general semantic lines of ‘melting’ and ‘steaming’ for the analyzed phytonyms are derived.
PERM STUDENTS’ IDEASOF THE LANGUAGE NORM AND SPEECH CULTURE: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors:   Perm State University, Chernousova Anastasiia S.
Published: December 2021

The article describes the results of a pilot sociolinguistic experiment the purpose of which was to study the ideas of modern youth about the language norm and speech culture. The main research question was how this social group assesses linguistic innovations / transformations and other facts of modern Russian speech. The research material was collected by means of a survey in which 80 informants took part. The task was to identify and analyze opinions on the concept of ‘speech culture’ and its features, ‘degradation’ / ‘non-degradation’ of the language, as well as the influence of the popular Russian TV series Real’nye patsany (Real Guys) on the creation of the image of Perm residents. The research results reveal the problems of speech culture essential from the point of view of young speakers, the most striking of which are the insufficient purity of speech, unjustified borrowing, and spelling mistakes. The presence of diametrically opposite ideas of the currently occurring processes (from the recognition of innovations to the idea of complete degradation) indicates that informants recognize the process of constant development of the language, which is, on the one hand, naturally-determined and, on the other, beyond the control of native speakers. The informants distinguish between the norm of the literary language and the norms of other language variants (for example, local variants of literary colloquial speech, various types of jargon), determine for each of the idioms their own sphere of functioning, socio-cultural environment, circle of speakers and, accordingly, their own evaluative characteristics of language variants, which do not always coincide with others.
MYTHOPOETICS OF THE CEMETERY SPACE IN HORROR FICTION (Based on the Material of Modern Russian Literature)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kulikova Daria L.
Published: December 2021

This article deals with the locus of the cemetery in modern Russian horror. We examine approaches to the depiction of scary spaces in literature, describe the cemetery as a locus of horror, study the motives associated with the cemetery in horror, detect intermedial connections, provide interpretation of folklore and literary references. The cemetery is one of the key loci of folk culture, presented in folklore as a space of contact with the otherworldly (with the world of the dead), which explains the interest of horror authors in these ‘scary’ places. The modern literature of horror offers modifications of the image of the cemetery, their main characteristics, intertextual interaction with Russian and foreign traditions, which allow us to speak of this image as a unit of the genre canon of horror. The paper examines how exactly the image of the cemetery is presented by modern Russian authors: A. Ivanov, A. Ateev, M. Romanova, K. Alekseev, I. Lesev. We have established that various clichés of folklore and horror literature are used in connection with the locus of the cemetery. These include the motive of a ‘bad place’, the motive of reviving the dead, the motive of crossing the borders, violation of a ban/taboo. The cemetery can be viewed in a literary work as a source of supernatural horror (and even, as in Alekseev’s work, may turn into a thinking creature) or, as in Ivanov’s novels, represent a false source of danger. We conclude that the cemetery in horror becomes a place where not only worlds but also eras are connected, which reveals the important function of horror – the comprehension of the past of an individual and society. The portrayal of the cemetery in horror draws on a rich literary and folkloric tradition.
COMPUTER PROOFS PRACTICE AND HUMAN UNDERSTANDING: EPISTEMOLOGICAL ISSUES
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Lamberov Lev D.
Published: December 2021

In recent decades, some epistemological issues have become especially acute in mathematics. These issues are associated with long proofs of various important mathematical results, as well as with a large and constantly increasing number of publications in mathematics. It is assumed that (at least partially) these difficulties can be resolved by referring to computer proofs. However, computer proofs also turn out to be problematic from an epistemological point of view. With regard to both proofs in ordinary (informal) mathematics and computer proofs, the problem of their surveyability appears to be fundamental. Based on the traditional concept of proof, it must be surveyable, otherwise it will not achieve its main goal — the formation of conviction in the correctness of the mathematical result being proved. About 15 years ago, a new approach to the foundations of mathematics began to develop, combining constructivist, structuralist features and a number of advantages of the classical approach to mathematics. This approach is built on the basis of homotopy type theory and is called the univalent foundations of mathematics. Due to itspowerful notion of equality, this approach can significantly reduce the length of formalized proofs, which outlines a way to resolve the epistemological difficulties that have arisen
A synthesized approach to the study of human problems in Soviet philosophy of the 1980s: historical and philosophical analysis
Authors:   Cultural and Educational Center «Dubrava» named after Archpriest Alexander Men, Ustinov Oleg A.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the attempt to develop a synthesized concept of man, or the «unified science of man», undertaken in the 1980s by a group of Soviet philosophers led by academician I.T. Frolov. The complex interdisciplinary study of the human phenomenon, first presented to the academic community in this period, included not only the traditional synthesis of philosophical data with the data of natural and social sciences but also the experience of co-optation of certain religious philosophy provisions into philosophy. Some scientists put forward a hypothesis about the convergence of science and religion in the future. However, the idea of abandoning a strict materialistic worldview was not accepted by the academic community. The article reconstructs and analyzes the basic provisions of the «unified science of man»: ideas about the anthropological ideal, the origin of man and the correlation of biological and social principles in his nature, the interrelation of freedom and necessity, external and internal freedom, the meaning and purpose of life, the relationship of personality and society. The paper concludes that in the 1980s there was developed a strategy in the USSR for the holistic solution of the philosophical problems of man based on the creative development of classical Marxism, which could subsequently lead to the transition of Russian philosophical anthropology and philosophy in general to a whole new level. Due to external circumstances, this work was actually stopped at the very beginning, and the task declared paramount in terms of scientific and social significance was never solved.
THE MEANING OF THE «OTHER» IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Kozhevnikova Margarita N.
Published: December 2021

The study focuses on the phenomenon of alterity found in experience, in general, as the «other» or Others (other subjects as such). The research is based on phenomenological and dialectical approaches and orientation on the problem field of philosophy of education proceeding from an anthropological perspective. The article outlines the context of the problem of the other in philosophy and social sciences, based on which there was set an objective of developing an understanding of the meaning of the other, especially in relation to education. In considering the experience of «being a human» as the foundation of education, there are identified ‘layers’, starting with the ‘simplest’ — the level of «order», at which «self» and the «other» are revealed. This is a perspective determined by self-identity, which explains such areas of education as «embedding», training in relations with different environments; «systems thinking»; «learning» to «cope». A special relationship between «self» and the «other» is revealed in the layer of the experience of the «living». This layer is found to be nonstatic and should be designated as the phenomenon of «agency». The dialectics of the relations between the self and the «other» within this layer also explains the processes of «reflection» inherent in living things and accompanying human experience in its development at all further levels. The paper conceptualizes the significance of the «other» in the experience of this level for the modern articulation of the principles of education and for the interpretation of «human education». In the layers of experience of a «living being» and a «person-in-particular», the article reveals the significance of the «other» and Others for the gradual development of the properties and characteristic phenomena of agency according to the levels of experience in the course of a lifetime up to «maturity». These properties and phenomena include «open agency»; «subjective experience»; «light of consciousness»; «understanding»; interactions and «relationships» with the Others; «discernment»; «thing»; «sign». The paper provides conclusions regarding the significance of the «other» and Others for human experience, in general, and for the essential characteristics of individual agency («self-expression»; «self-overcoming»; «inclusive nature» of agency), as well as for understanding the education required in the modern world.
The society as a mimetic field: the dynamics of the social
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Pavlovskij Aleksey I.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the feasibility and vistas of re-defining the concept «society» in an effort to make it fit for studying the current situation. The constant mobility of actors and the new virtual reality transcend the boundaries between social groups, which calls methodological capacity of any static and especially essentialistic understanding of the phenomenon called «society» into question. The author starts from defining society through communication acts, but at the same time distinguishes between them by the level of mutual understanding attained through communication, which makes it possible to scrutinize the internal structure of the term in question. Understanding of communication acts as a medium of memetic influence that shapes a person’s agency and ensures synchronicity between persons, adequate for a certain level of mutual understanding, enables the author to view society as a dynamic process, as a memetic field amid constantly changing and diverse challenges. The landscape contour of the challenges adds constant disturbing differentiations that guarantee continual social changes. By contrasting practical and discursive minds, the author discriminates non-reflexive mimetic processes of practical knowledge transfer from their reflexive comprehension. Thus, the author distinguishes two levels in social processes, incompatibility between which adds complexity to social dynamics. Using this understanding of the social, the author shows how in certain conditions a person may identify with a certain social group. In conclusion, the paper formulates three main practical questions the answers to which will let us assess the possibilities for further development of society.
Mineragenic Position and Geological Potential of Technogenic- Mineral Formations of the Gold-Silver Deposit Valunistoe (Сhukotka Autonomous Region)
Authors:   Perm State University, Goldyrev V.N. , Naumov V.A. ,   Perm State University, Naumova O.B. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

In the coming years, the mine of LLC "Rudnik Valunisty" developing the gold and silver Valunistoe and Gornoye deposits will exhaust economically justified reserves. One of the ways to extend the life of the mine and increase the profitability of production should be the extraction of man-made secondary mineral resources. The purpose of the study is to identify the main types of solid and hydromineral form of technogenic-mineral formations at the Valunistoe Deposit, as well as to estimate the possibility of their industrial development. The useful components content was determined and calculated. The results of theoretical modeling of physical and chemical parameters of hypergenic mineral formation of the solid part of technogenic-mineral formations are shown. Objects of formation of technological waters are given. The conditions of concentration of gold and other metals are considered.
Potencial social y ambiental de la industria eólica para una transición energética en América Latina
Authors: Zepeda Cancino Rubén Manuel , Vázquez García Verónica
Published: December 2021

Brasil, México y Uruguay han adoptado la energía eólica como estrategia para combatir el cambio climático. Sin embargo, sus experiencias son distintas y se encuentran poco documentadas. Este artículo analiza las ventajas y desventajas de la industria eólica con miras a su futura expansión en América Latina. La metodología consiste en sistematizar y analizar la bibliografía existente en castellano, portugués e inglés. Se identificaron cuatro ventajas de la energía eólica (baja huella de carbono, reducidos costos de producción, creación de empleos e ingresos por renta de tierras) y cinco desventajas (pérdida de cobertura forestal, impacto en aves y fuentes de agua, contaminación por derrames de aceite y desechos y afectaciones a la salud).  Los desafíos de política pública para la región son: fomentar la investigación sobre los daños socioambientales de la energía eólica y diseñar herramientas para mitigarlos; desarrollar la cadena completa de suministros de manufactura e insumos mediante la innovación tecnológica; repartir equitativamente los beneficios de la industria eólica entre la población local y priorizar la necesidad pública de electricidad, por encima de intereses privados. Mientras estos desafíos no sean asumidos plenamente, los proyectos eólicos seguirán formando parte de una estructura hegemónica que se autoproclama como la solución al cambio climático, pero que sigue manteniendo una lógica extractivista que no beneficia a la población.  

Abstract

Brazil, Mexico and Uruguay have adopted wind energy as a means to fight climate change. However, their experiences are different and insufficiently documented. This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the wind industry in light of its future expansion in Latin America. The methodology consists of the systematization and analysis of literature written in Spanish, Portuguese and English. Four advantages and five disadvantages were identified. The advantages are wind energy’s reduced carbon footprint, low production costs, the potential for job creation and income from land rentals, while the disadvantages are possible vegetation loss, impact on birds and water sources, oil and waste contamination and health damage. The challenges for public policy are: supporting research on the socioenvironmental impacts of the wind industry and designing tools for their mitigation; developing a full supply chain of materials through technological innovation; distributing the benefits of wind energy equally among the local population, and prioritizing public needs of electricity above the interest of the private sector. If these challenges are not fully met, wind energy projects will be part of a hegemonic structure that claims to solve the problems created by climate change, while in fact continuing to use an extractivist logic, incapable of benefitting people.
Ecología política del sufrimiento por desechos radiactivos: estudio de caso en Temascalapa, México
Authors: Castillo Oropeza Oscar Adán , Delgado Hernández Edgar
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se analiza, desde la ecología política del sufrimiento por desechos radiactivos, el caso del Centro de Almacenamiento de Desechos Radiactivos (CADER) ubicado en el municipio de Temascalapa, estado de México, México. En un escenario de supuesta transición energética a escala global y local, las relaciones de poder político-económicas determinan la producción y disposición final de los desechos radiactivos en este lugar. Se analizan las experiencias de sufrimiento ambiental de los sujetos que habitan cerca del CADER, los cuales padecen la incertidumbre, la espera, el engaño y el abandono por parte del Estado, así como las acciones políticas que han realizado en defensa de su territorio y de la vida en general. El trabajo de campo en las comunidades contiguas al CADER tuvo una duración de cuatro meses. Se realizaron observaciones de campo, fotografías, entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave, análisis de documentos y datos oficiales, notas de periódico y sistemas de información geográfica.

 

Abstract

This article analyzes, from the point of view of the political ecology of suffering from radioactive waste, the case of the Radioactive Waste Storage Center (CADER) located in the municipality of Temascalapa, State of Mexico, Mexico. In a scenario of supposed energy transition at a global and local level, the political-economic power relations determine the production and final disposal of radioactive waste in this place. The experiences of environmental suffering of the subjects who live near the CADER, who suffer from uncertainty, waiting, deception and abandonment by the State are analyzed, as well as the political actions they have taken to defend their territory and life in general. The fieldwork in the communities adjacent to CADER, with a duration of 4 months, included observations, photographs, semi-structured interviews with key informants, analysis of official documents and data, newspaper notes, and geographic information systems.
Imaginarios urbanos en áreas protegidas de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina
Authors: Loyza María Belén , Azcue Vigil Ignacio Mariano
Published: December 2021

Las reservas naturales dentro de las áreas urbanas brindan servicios ecosistémicos a la población y son de gran importancia para lograr la sostenibilidad urbana. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar cómo estas áreas protegidas son comprendidas por los habitantes de la ciudad, tomando como caso de estudio la Reserva Natural Puerto Mar del Plata (RNPMdP) y la Reserva Forestal Bosque Peralta Ramos (BPR), ambas pertenecientes al partido de General Pueyrredon (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Con la finalidad de recuperar aquellos imaginarios urbanos que guían las prácticas de las personas, se recurre a fuentes de información primaria y secundaria, como entrevistas en profundidad y documentos oficiales, utilizando una metodología cualitativa de investigación. El miedo asociado a la naturaleza “salvaje”, la búsqueda de control y orden, la tranquilidad de alejarse de los centros urbanos y refugiarse en lugares del periurbano y las diferentes percepciones sobre la gestión en espacios públicos y privados de naturaleza urbana son algunos de los imaginarios abordados. Tomando en cuenta los problemas de conservación que enfrentan las áreas protegidas urbanas, estudiar cómo son comprendidas es necesario para una correcta gestión ambiental urbana.

 

Abstract

Nature reserves within urban areas provide ecosystem services to the population. They have great importance to achieve urban sustainability. The objective of this article is to analyze how these protected areas are understood by the inhabitants of the city, taking as a case study two reserves located in general Pueyrredon, Buenos Aires, Argentina: “Reserva Natural Puerto Mar del Plata” and “Reserva Forestal Bosque Peralta Ramos”. In order to recover the urban imaginaries that guide the practices of people, the research bases on aqualitative research methodology, employing primary and secondary information sources, such as in-depth interviews and official documents. The fear associated with the “wild” nature, the search for control and order, the tranquility of moving away from urban centers and taking refuge in peri-urban places and the different perceptions about urban nature management in public and private spaces are some of the imaginary addressed. Taking into consideration the conservation problems faced by urban protected areas, it is important to study how these spaces are understood, for proper urban environmental management.
Regulaciones, políticas y conflictos por agroquímicos en Salta, Argentina
Authors: Schmidt Mariana Andrea
Published: December 2021

La consolidación del agronegocio en Argentina, desde finales del siglo XX, puede analizarse en sus múltiples y diversas consecuencias: impactos ambientales por la deforestación de bosques nativos; conflictividad social por la expulsión y destrucción de los modos de producción y reproducción de la vida campesina e indígena; efectos en la salud por la exposición a plaguicidas, entre los principales. A partir de fuentes de datos secundarias y de entrevistas en profundidad, el artículo busca aportar al entendimiento de las consecuencias ambientales y sanitarias ligadas al uso de agroquímicos en Salta, provincia del norte argentino que en años recientes incorporó amplias superficies a la producción agroindustrial. Se realiza una caracterización y análisis crítico de las normativas y políticas públicas en la materia, así como de las situaciones de conflicto. Los principales hallazgos muestran que en Salta existen leyes específicas que regulan el uso de agroquímicos y cierta institucionalidad destinada a su implementación y control. No obstante, el estudio releva una multiplicidad de situaciones que dan cuenta de la emergencia y trayectoria de conflictos que, con diverso grado de visibilidad e intensidad, problematizan los efectos en la salud humana y en los ecosistemas en las escalas locales.

 

Abstract

The consolidation of agribusiness in Argentina since the end of the 20th century can be analyzed in its multiple and diverse consequences: environmental impacts due to the deforestation of native forests; social conflict over the forcing out and destruction of rural and indigenous production and reproduction methods; health effects since exposure to pesticides, among the main ones. Based on secondary information sources and in-depth interviews, the article aims to contribute to the understanding of the environmental and sanitary impacts linked to fumigation with agrochemicals in Salta, a province of northern Argentina which in recent years has incorporated large areas into agricultural production and presents ecological and social characteristics that differ from the Pampas region. This research focuses on a critical characterization and analysis of the regulatory frameworks and public policies on that matter, as well as in a survey related to conflicts. The main findings show that in Salta different legal frameworks regulate the use of agrochemicals, while state agencies are meant to implement and monitor such regulations. However, the study compiles numerous situations that illustrate the emergence and path of certain conflicts that, with varying levels of visibility and intensity, problematize the effects on human health and ecosystems at the local levels.
Can the Fight Against Crime Act as a Paradigm for the Legal Model of the Prosecutor's Activity?
Authors: Manova Nina , Churikova Anna , Smolkova Iraida
Published: December 2021

The prosecutor plays a special role in counteracting crime, being the public officer whom the state made responsible for coordinating the activities of all law enforcement bodies, as well as for the legality and validity of criminal prosecution against persons who committed crimes. Today, alongside the legal model of the prosecutor’s activity provided for in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation according to which the prosecutor performs the function of criminal prosecution nominally and is, in fact, removed from the participation in the pre-trial stages of the criminal process, there has also developed a rather autonomous real-life model of the prosecutor’s activities. In practice, the prosecutor still has an opportunity to influence the decisions regarding the initiation of a criminal case and indictment at the stage of preliminary investigation. The study of a prosecutor’s participation in the pre-trial proceedings, a survey of prosecutors, investigators and inquiry offices made it possible to conclude that rights and legal interests of the participants in the process are often sacrificed for the sake of indicators of the effectiveness of criminal prosecution and crime solving rates. The authors analyze the causes of this situation and reveal the drawbacks in the current normative model of the prosecutor’s activity. This analysis allowed them to conclude that there should be no conflict between such determinants of a prosecutor’s activity as counteracting crime and ensuring the rights of the participants of criminal proceedings if the legal model of the prosecutor’s activity is well-considered and carefully drawn. The lawmakers should see their task in finding a reasonable and clear balance between the abovementioned values; the absence of such a balance will inevitably result in a repressive approach to crime counteraction, which is absolutely unacceptable for the modern legal state. The authors describe the factors which, if taken into account, will make it possible to eliminate key problems of the legal model of the prosecutor’s work as well as the distortions and errors in its enforcement. They make a number of suggestions aimed at designing a model of the prosecutor’s activities that would contribute to effective crime counteraction without violations against rights and legal interests of persons in the sphere of criminal proceedings.
Outlook for the biomass energy sector in Mozambique: Policies and their challenges
Authors: Massuque Jonas , Matavel Custodio , Trugilho Paulo Fernando
Published: December 2021

To overcome the negative impacts of unsustainable exploitation of forest resources, the Mozambican government has been trying to regulate the supply and demand of biomass, the main source of energy for the majority of the population. This paper reviews policies implemented in Mozambique aimed at increasing domestic energy production while promoting a sustainable use of biomass. Despite the efforts to reduce the level of biomass energy use, it remains the most attractive to local populations and, therefore, still has great importance in the national energy mix. Thus, rather than looking at woodfuels as an environmental problem, regulations should also recognise the dependence of local communities on these resources. Firewood remains the main energy source in rural areas, and approximately 0.36% of the forest in Mozambique is lost every year. The replacement of firewood and charcoal by other renewable sources of energy is still far from reality. Charcoal production continues to be carried out in traditional low-yield ovens and the levels of forest degradation are still alarming. As such, improvements to the existing regulation framework are still needed.