bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling daily reference evapotranspiration in middle south Saurashtra region of India for monsoon season using most dominant meteorological variables and the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method
Authors: GUNDALIA MANOJ , DHOLAKIA MRUGEN
Published: December 2021

Many methods are available to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) from                    standard meteorological observations. The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method is considered to be the most physical              and reliable method and is often used as a standard to verify other empirical methods. However, it needs a                        lot of different input parameters. Hence, in the present study, a model based on most dominant meteorological            variables influencing ETo is proposed to estimate ETo in the Middle South Saurashtra region of Gujarat (India). The performance of five different alternative methods and proposed model is compared with the standard FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method.
         The five quantitative standard statistical performance evaluation measures, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (E), coefficient of determination (R2), refined Willmott’s index (dr), root mean square of errors-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) and mean absolute error (MAE) are employed in evaluating the performance of the selected methods and proposed model. The results show that the developed model and Hargreaves and Samani (1985) method with recalibrated parameters provide the most reliable results in estimation of (ETo) and it can be recommended for estimating (ETo) in the study region.
Block level weather forecast using direct model output from NWP models during monsoon season in India
Authors: KUMAR ASHOK , CHATTOPADHAYAY NABANSU , RAMARAO Y. V. , SINGH K. K. , DURAI V. R. , DAS ANANDA K. , RATHI MAHESH , MISHRA PRADEEP , MALATHI K. , SONI ANIL , . SRIDEVI
Published: December 2021

The forecast for 655 districts and 6500 blocks had been prepared and implemented on 1st June, 2014. The procedure for getting forecast for the districts  and  blocks in India including altitude corrections is based upon regular (0.25 × 0.25) grid output from the T-574 Model and output from  9 km WRF model. A verification study for rainfall forecast at 0.25 × 0.25 degree grid for Indian Window (0-40° N and 60-100° N) is also conducted, which had indicated that skill of the rainfall forecast is good for all parts of the country except oceanic islands and high terrain regions and one can down scale to any level, down to the blocks, the skill scores will not differ much. A detailed verification study for the skill of the forecast at block level for all the eight weather parameters for which the forecast was issued is conducted. The skill of the rainfall forecast is obtained for categorical forecast and as well as for yes/no forecast. The skill scores for rainfall had indicated that highest value of Hanssen and Kuiper (HK) score is 0.44, Hanssen and Kuiper score for quantitative rainfall (HKQ) is 0.18, Ratio score for yes/no forecast is 90 percent and Hit rate (HR) is 0.83. The detailed verification study for the block level weather forecast for monsoon 2014 is presented in the paper and the skill found is good. The study indicates that model forecast has the potential to be used for the block level forecast after making the quick value additions for which hints are given in the conclusion part.
Southwest monsoon rainfall in Assam: An application of principal component analysis for understanding of variability
Authors: BASAK PIJUSH
Published: December 2021

The principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to understand the spatial and temporal variability of monsoonal rainfall in the state Assam in India. The Southwest Monsoon (SWM) rainfall data over 12 widely spread stations located over the state has been analyzed for a period of 60 years for understanding variability. A statistically significant trend and a above/below transition signal has been observed for a few stations and the corresponding principal components (PCs). Coherent regions of Northern and Southern Assam have been identified through PCA to bring out the possible significant signals. It is observed that some of PCs for state-wise and coherent regions have positive or negative trend and significant above/below transition.
Memória e história dos sem nome: o uso das fotografias de identificação nos documentários de Rithy Panh
Authors: Costa Ito Tomyo
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho analisa a retomada das fotografias de identificação tiradas na prisão S-21 em quatro documentários de Rithy Panh: Bophana, a cambodian tragedy (1996), S-21: The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine (2002), Duch, The Master of the Forges of Hell (2011) e The Missing Picture (2013). Buscamos analisar as variações dos procedimentos cinematográficos da retomada das fotografias, considerando-as como exercício incessante de interpretação dentro da própria forma fílmica que não toma os sentidos dos arquivos como dados, mas construídos pelos recursos expressivos do documentário. Partindo dos filmes em direção à teoria, aproximamos nossas análises as reflexões sobre a narrativa da história de Walter Benjamin, Theodor W. Adorno, Márcio Seligmann-Silva e Jeanne Marie Gagnebin, para pensar de que modo os documentários fazem uma elaboração do passado e uma recomposição da memória por meio da figura cinematográfica de nomeação.
Peningkatan Motivasi, Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Biologi Melalui Penerapan Teknik Mind Mapping pada Materi Sistem Ekskresi Siswa Kelas XI IPA B SMA Negeri 2 Sengkang
Authors: Muttamirati  , Azis Andi Asmawati , Mu’nisa A. Mu’nisa
Published: December 2021

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini (Classroom Action Research) bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi, aktivitas dan hasil belajar biologi melalui penerapan teknik Mind Mapping pada materi sistem ekskresi kelas XI IPA B SMA Negeri 2 Sengkang. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 36 orang siswa kelas XI IPA B yang terdiri dari 14 laki-laki dan 22 perempuan pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2013/2014. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dengan enam kali pertemuan. Pengambilan data hasil belajar siswa dilakukan pada tiap akhir siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen berupa angket untuk motivasi, tes hasil belajar dalam bentuk pilihan ganda, dan aktivitas belajar siswa melalui lembar observasi. Data yang diperoleh, dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa 1) Motivasi belajar siswa pada siklus I sebesar 82% meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 85% 2) Aktivitas siswa menunjukkan peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II pada setiap indikator. 3) Rata-rata nilai hasil belajar siswa meningkat dari 80,0 pada siklus I menjadi 85,0 pada siklus II. Ketuntasan belajar siswa pada akhir siklus I sebesar 63,89% dan mencapai 91,67% pada siklus ke II. Kesimpulan penerapan teknik Mind Mapping dapat meningkatkan motivasi, aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPA B SMA Negeri 2 Sengkang pada materi sistem ekskresi.
Open Bragg Cavity with Gaussian Wavebeam for Free Electron Maser of Centimeter Wavelength Range
Authors: Kuzikov Sergey , Peskov Nikolay , Plotkin Mikhail
Published: December 2021

This paper describes a highly selective electromagnetic cavity for a 30 GHz free electron maser (FEM). The cavity consists of two Bragg reflectors with overlapping reflection bands. Reflectors have been synthesized with the help of coupled waves method. For the sake of mode selectivity reflectors are separated by a gap which is wide in the wavelength scale. The operating mode in the interspace between the reflectors represents a Gaussian wavebeam of small diameter, so that its field is detached from the cavity walls, and the loss of radiation through the gap is negligible. At the same time, spurious modes undergo strong diffraction losses through the gap due to different transverse structure of the field. In the calculations, the Q-factor of the operating mode was shown to be at least three times as big as the Q-factors of all spurious modes within the Bragg band. The tested stainless still cavity contained a cylindrical middle-section covered with the absorbing material alsifer to emulate the gap. In low-power tests, the only high-Q mode was observed in the Bragg band, with the frequency of that mode corresponding to the calculated frequency of the operating mode. High-power testing of the cavity is planned in the nearest future
Feeding System of a High-Frequency Accelerating Cavities of the Novosibirsk Microtron-Recovery Unit for The Fel. Divider of a High CW Power on the Basis of a Rectangular Waveguide
Authors: Arbuzov Vladimir , Gorniker Eduard , Kozyrev Evgeny , Kondakov Alexey , Petrov Viktor , Pilan Andrey , Tribendis Alexey
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the system of the Radio Frequency power transfer and distribution between accelerating cavities of the ERL for FEL of the Siberian center of SR and THz Radiation, SB RAS, Novosibirsk. The system of dividing is built on the basis of a rectangular waveguide, associated with each cavity of a coaxial line by the coaxial-to-waveguide adapter (CWA). It is shown that under a certain choice of waveguide sizes and CWA, the equivalent circuit of the CWA can be represented by a current source. The analysis of the properties of such a system has been carried out and shown its advantages. Also it is discussed the experimental results and the experience of the operation of the device. The article presents the basic design parameters of a waveguide divider 600 kW of continuous power, running at a frequency of 180.4 MHz
Background Study for a Search τ→ μγ at Super-c-τ Factory
Authors: Bobrov Aleksandr , Bondar Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

A Monte Carlo study of possible background processes in a search for τ → μγ decay has been performed for conditions of the Super-с–τ factory (at the e + e  center-of-mass energies 3.686 GeV, 3.77 GeV, and 4.17 GeV). The background from e+ e  τ + τ − events has been analyzed. Selection criteria for background suppression have been proposed, and necessary requirements on the detector characteristics have been determined. The search was completed for energy resolution 1.5 % and 2.5 % in the calorimeter. All main tag modes of the tagging tau had taken into account (the total branching ratio all tag modes is about 90 %). The possibility of the longitudinal polarization for initial electron beam was considered for this problem. Measurement of the decay asymmetry became executable in case such polarization in spite of small events statistics. The total sensitivity for branching ratio of the decay τ → μγ at Super-с–τ factory, in case π/μ suppression 1 per 30, is ~ 5 × 10–10. The total number τ + τ − pairs at future Super-B factory about 3 time higher, but the sensitivity for decay τ → μγ at Super–с–τ factory in 5 time better. So the Super-с–τ factory can successfully compete with the Super-B factory in a search for τ→ μγ decay
Proposal for Neutron Scattering Systems for Calibration of Dark Matter Search and Low-Energy Neutrino Detectors
Authors: Bondar Aleksandr , Buzulutskov Alexey , Burdakov Aleksandr , Grishnyaev Evgeny , Dolgov Aleksandr , Makarov Aleksandr , Polosatkin Sergey , Sokolov Andrey , Taskaev Sergey , Shekhtman Lev
Published: December 2021

The proposal of two neutron scattering systems for calibration of two-phase cryogenic avalanche detectors with high sensitivity being developed at Budker INP is presented. This kind of detectors is designed for the search of dark matter and low energy neutrino detection, in particular, coherent neutrino scattering on nuclei. Detector calibration is made with a measurement of ionization yield and scintillation quenching factor for low energy recoiling nuclei (in 0.5 to 100 keV range) originating from elastic scattering of neutrons. To provide wide range of recoiling nuclei energies two systems of neutron scattering are proposed. The first one is based on small-sized DD generator of fast (2.45 MeV) monoenergetic neutrons operating on sealed neutron tube. The second one is based on tandem proton accelerator and lithium target and capable of generation of monoenergetic epithermal neutrons with energy up to 100 keV
Investigation of the Velocity Field in the Wave Rivulet Flowing Down the Vertical Plate
Authors: Bobylev Alexey , Markovich Dmitriy , Kharlamov Sergey
Published: December 2021

Joint measurements of thickness and fluid velocity in wavy rivulets were performed using PIV and LIF methods. The stagnant regions in which fluid moves with the velocity of the waves were found under the humps of low-frequency highamplitude waves. The profiles of longitudinal velocity of the fluid were reconstructed for different regions of the waves. These profiles greatly deviate from self-similar parabolic profiles in the stagnant regions and in the regions of capillary precursor of the waves
Features of Building Systems Based on Visualization of Distributed Multimedia Environment
Authors: Morozov Boris , Dolgovesov Boris , Mazurok Boris , Gorodilov Mikhail
Published: December 2021

An approach to the development of technical solutions for the creating of a real-time Distributed Multimedia Virtual Environment is described. The main objective of the environment - control the formation and delivery of multimedia content from multiple sources to multiple recipients
Effect of Irradiation with Relativistic Electrons on the Synthesis Kinetics of Ni0.75Zn0.25Fe2O4
Authors: Ancharova Ulyana , Mikhailenko Mikhail , Tolochko Boris , Korobeynikov Mikhail , Shtarklev Evgeniy , Vlasov Aleksandr , Sharafutdinov Marat , Bryazgin Aleksandr
Published: December 2021

High-temperature synthesis of nickel-zinc ferrite Ni0.75Zn0.25Fe2O4 has been carried out under heating in high temperature chamber and by radiation-thermal treatment under influence of intensive electron beam. It is shown that after irradiation in the temperature range 600-1000ºC there is a significant increase in the reaction rate and product shrinkage, ceramics grain size uniformity also increases
A Shock Wave Parameters Control by its Interaction with the Low Density Gas Layer
Authors: Bobarykina Tatyana , Chirkashenko Vladimir
Published: December 2021

Wind tunnel research with a supersonic (M = 2) flow (~ 0.1 m in diameter) and the numerical simulations using the two-dimensional Navier – Stokes equations were conducted to substantiate conditions sufficient to substantially reduce a shock wave intensity at its interaction with a layer of low-density gas. The results of experimental studies of the interaction of a shock wave with a gas layer heated by the combustion of hydrogen and air are shown. Numerical simulations resulted in data about the efficiency of the impact thermal layer/shock wave in a wind range of determining parameters. Also the parameters of the flow in the thermal layer providing substantial reduction in the intensity of the shock wave were determined
Criterion Prediction of Changes of Shock-Wave Structure at Transonic Flow Around Airfoils with Local Impulse Energy
Authors: Aulchenko Sergey , Zamuraev Vladimir , Kalinina Anna
Published: December 2021

The results of numerical modeling of transonic streamline of profile with a local pulse energy supply were generalized in terms of criteria analysis for a wide range of parameters. Defined set of criteria allows predicting not only the degree, but the features of the flow transformation. A comparison of the results of the criteria analysis with numerical calculations of transonic streamline (Mach number M∞ = 0,85) of a symmetrical profile NASA-0012 were performed for energy supply in areas such as narrow and compact form
Alternative Technique of Inverter Power Source Synchronization
Authors: Bak Petr , Ottmar Andrey , Starostenko Dmitriy
Published: December 2021

In devices synchronized with electric mains and sensitive to interference (particularly to an inverter power source) it is expedient to also synchronize the power source. The paper describes a method of synchronizing the inverter power supply with the mains. The general aspects of the method are discussed in detail, and possible hardware implementations are considered. External factors and internal parameters affecting the quality of synchronization are analyzed. The results of practical implementation of this method for synchronization of klystron filament power supply are presented
A Method Of Solving A Non-Stationary Problem Of Ship Waves Excitation By A Submerged Object
Authors: Arzhannikov Andrey , Kotelnikov Igor
Published: December 2021

We propose and develop a method of solving the problem of exciting ship waves by a submerged object that moves in a non-viscous fluid at a variable velocity. The case of the flush ball moving at constant velocity parallel to the surface of the liquid is considered to validate the proposed method by comparing the results with data reported earlier by other authors. Asymptotic expressions are derived describing the elevation of the liquid surface in the limit of small and large values of the Froude number. The exact solution is represented as two summands, each of them being reduced to one-dimensional integral. One summand describes the “Bernoulli hump”, and another - the “Kelvin wedge.”
Experimental Studying Nanofluid Thermal Transfer In Microchannel
Authors: Aniskin Vladimir , Rudyak Valeriy
Published: December 2021

In paper new setup for studying the thermal transfer of nanofluid in the steel micro-channel with inner diameter 358 microns is described. Setup testing carried out by means of known experimental data about thermal transport of the water. Then the data about the thermal tranfer coefficient of the water based nanofluids with silicon dioxide nanoparticle with average size 25 nm are discussed. It was shown that nanofluids have the thermal transfer coefficient much more than that of base liquid. The enhancement of the thermal transfer coefficient of one-percent nanofluid is about 60 %. This enhancement grows with increasing of the nanoparticles volume fraction and flow rate of the nanofluid.
At Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer Zeotropic Mixtures A Horizontal Tubes
Authors: Mezentseva Nadezhda , Mezentsev Ivan , Mukhin Valentin
Published: December 2021

Despite numerous empirical relationships, currently there is no sufficiently reliable and physically reasonable methodology for calculating the heat transfer coefficient at boiling the zeotropic binary blends. The main reason is the complexity of the boiling process mechanism. Zeotropic blends have the non-isothermal phase transition or the temperature glide. To perform the analysis, the results of experimental work on boiling the zeotropic blends inside the horizontal smooth tubes were processed. The studies were carried out with the horizontal smooth steel and copper tubes; the mass velocities were varied within 50–583 kg/m2 s; the specific heat flux was varied from 1 to 45 kW/m2 . The experimental data, corresponding to the region of nucleate boiling, were compared with the calculated dependencies. The dependences corresponding to pool boiling were also analyzed. It was proposed to determine the heat transfer coefficient by Gogonin’s dependence (2006); this coincides well with the experimental data. This dependence takes into account the effect of wall thermal properties and its roughness on heat transfer. Moreover, it was found out that, in contrast to pool boiling, for the forced vapor-liquid flow in pipes at nucleate boiling, the diffusion processes are not important.
Visualization Of The Flow Around The Ekranoplan Model
Authors: Nazarov Dmitriy , Pavlenko Alexandr , Zanin Boris
Published: December 2021

The flow around the ekranoplan model was experimentally investigated in subsonic wind tunnel at low Reynolds numbers with a low level of flow turbulence. The method of carbon-oil visualization of surface streamlines was used in the experiments to obtain the flow pattern on the surface of the model. Different areas of separation and vortex structures on the fuselage and wing were discovered. The effect of varying of the attack angle on the flow pattern was demonstrated.
Islamic Law Overview on The Cashback System and The Use of Shopee Coins in Buying Transactions in The Shopee Application
Authors: Syafi'i Alfan , Madinah Dina , Nurdaimah Dedeh
Published: December 2021

This study uses a descriptive qualitative method because it describes the data in the form of a written description. Types and sources of data in this study using primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data obtained in this study are conclusions from various processes in qualitative research. Starting from data collection, selecting appropriate data, presenting data and then concluding.The results of this study are in a review of Islamic Law, the provision of cashbacak promos by shopee parties to users is limited to giving gifts, as a marketing strategy to attract as many customers/users of the application as possible. And the use of shopee coins as discounted prices in buying and selling transactions is allowed, because the shopee coins used are obtained from cashback at the time of the previous transaction and the cashback is allowed.
Theoretical and experimental evaluation of timber-framed partitions under lateral drift
Authors: Bhatta Jitendra , Mulligan Joshua , Dhakal Rajesh P. , Sullivan Timothy J. , Gerlich Hans , Kang Frank
Published: December 2021

This paper identifies the inherent strengths/weaknesses of rigid timber-framed partitions and quantifies the onset drifts for different damage thresholds under bi-directional seismic actions. It reports construction and quasi-static lateral cyclic testing of a multi-winged timber-framed partition wall specimen with details typical of New Zealand construction practice. Furthermore, the cyclic performance of the tested rigid timber-framed partition wall is also compared with that of similar partition walls incorporating ‘partly-sliding’ connectiondetails, and ‘seismic gaps’, previously tested under the same test setup. Based on the experimentally recorded cyclic performance measures, theoretical equations proposed/derived in the literature to predict the ultimate strength, initial stiffness, and drift capacity of different damage states are scrutinized, and some equations are updated in order to alleviate identified possible shortcomings. These theoretical estimates are then validated with the experimental results. It is found that the equations can reasonably predict the initial stiffness and ultimate shear strength of the partitions, as well as the onset-driftscorresponding to the screw damage and diagonal buckling failure mode of the plasterboard. The predicted bi-linear curve is also found to approximate the backbone curve of the tested partition wall sensibly.
The oscillation resistance ratio (ORR) for understanding inelastic response
Authors: Soleimankhani Hossein , MacRae Greg , Sullivan Tim
Published: December 2021

Single-storey systems with different hysteretic characteristic are subjected to impulse-type short duration and long duration earthquake records to investigate the effects of hysteretic behaviour and ground motion characteristics on the seismic response. EPP, bilinear, Takeda, SINA, and flag-shaped hysteretic models loops are considered and an energy approach is taken to explain the inelastic behaviour. The first part of the work is based on analyses of the single-storey systems without any torsion, however; torsional irregularity is considered in the later analyses.

It is shown that structures with the same backbone curve, but different hysteretic characteristics, tend to experience the same maximum response under short duration earthquake records, where there is one major displacement excursion. The likelihood of further displacement in the reverse (i.e. negative) direction is characterized using energy methods and free vibration analyses along with a new proposed “oscillation resistance ratio (ORR)” are employed to improve the understanding of the seismic response. Hysteretic models with low ORR, such as SINA and flag-shaped, are shown to have a greater likelihood of higher absolute displacement response in the negative direction compared with those with fatter hysteretic loops. The understanding of the response in terms of energy reconciles some differences in the ability of initial stiffness versus secant stiffness based methods to predict peak displacement demands with account for different ground motion characteristics.

The same peak displacements in the primary direction was also observed for structures with stiffness/strength eccentricities under an impulse-type earthquake record. However, during unloading, the elastic energy stored in the out-of-plane elements is released causing greater displacement on the weak side in the reverse direction.
Forecasting the Energy Consumption of an Industrial Enterprise Based on the Neural Network Model
Authors: Kalinchyk Vasyl , Meita Olexandr , Pobigaylo Vitalii , Kalinchyk Vitalii , Filyanin Danylo
Published: December 2021

This research paper investigates the application of neural network models for forecasting in energy. The results of forecasting the weekly energy consumption of the enterprise according to the model of a multilayer perceptron at different values of neurons and training algorithms are given. The estimation and comparative analysis of models depending on model parameters is made.
Numerical Modeling of Solid and Gaseous Fuel Combustion in the TP-14A Boiler Furnace to Reduce PCDD/F and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Zheltukhina Elizaveta , Ziganshin Malik G.
Published: December 2021

The issues related to the emission of atmospheric pollutants during the provision of energy supply services and the circulation of household waste in settlements are considered. The ways of air pollution by toxic compounds and the formation of greenhouse gases with existing methods of waste heat treatment are analyzed. The issues of reducing the content of toxic emissions in combustion products are studied on the basis of a numerical experiment by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The combustion processes in the power boiler TP-14A (E 220/100) are considered and adequate boundary conditions for the processes of aerodynamics, heat transfer and combustion of gas fuel are determined. The temperature, velocity and concentration fields in the furnace of the investigated boiler have been determined. According to the results of the calculations performed, the formation of chemical underburning and nitrogen oxides is predicted.
Heavy Metals and Metalloids Leachability from Composite Ground Materials Peat – Fly Ash – Lime
Authors: Brzeziński Bartłomiej , Iskra-Świercz Dominika
Published: December 2021

This publication presents the test results of heavy metals and metalloids leachability from ground composite materials. The components of the obtained composites are peat and stabilizing binders in the form of fly ash and hydrated lime. The composites were designed to be used to stabilize low-bearing organic soil in the Lake Druzno basin in the area of Żuławy Elbląskie. The results of the leachability studies show that as the lime hydrated in the composition of the composite increases, the leachability of heavy metals and metalloids decreases. The decrease in the leachability of these elements is also influenced by the increase in the pH value. The results of heavy metals and metalloids leachability from composites as well as the obtained pH values make it possible to conclude that they are neutral to the ground environment and can be used in engineering practice under specific conditions in the area of Żuławy Elbląskie.
Influence of Decreasing Supplementation to Transformation of Chemical Forms of Ni, Zn and Cu During Composting of Sewage Sludge
Authors: Sidełko Robert
Published: December 2021

This paper pertains to the influence of decreasing supplementation to transformation of chemical forms of Ni. Zn and Cu during composting of sewage sludge. A universally used supplementing material constituting a rich source of organic carbon is straw. Addition of straw to sewage sludge is aimed at increasing C/N proportion up to at least 15 due to the risk of formation of toxic forms of nitrogen, concentration of which in sewage sludge is exceptionally high. We have presented in this paper the results of speciation research of three elements applying Tessier’s sequential extraction. It’s been proven that decreasing of straw share in the composted mixture with sewage sludge down to the level of C/N value below the admissible value, has a beneficial effect on the allocation of tested heavy metals towards the forms that are permanently bound in compost matrix. A systematic increase of organic (IV) and residual (V) fractions share and decrease of mobile forms of heavy metals content in bioavailable fractions i.e. ion-exchange (I) and carbonate (II) has been ascertained.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KEAMANAN KENDARAAN DILENGKAPI DENGAN TEKNOLOGI GPS DAN SMS GATEWAY
Authors: Chaerunnas Abdi , Subito Mery
Published: December 2021

Vehicle theft is one of the most common cases in big cities. The absence of a security system on a vehicle is one of the causes of the case. Therefore, we need a security system on the vehicle in the form of an alarm and can also perform the tracking function.

This study aims to design a vehicle security system using GPS and SMS Gateway technology. This system uses the u-blox Neo6m GPS module, GSM SIM 800L v2 module and Arduino Uno microcontroller. The tracking system uses data from GPS coordinates sent to the user's smartphone number and displayed on the Google Maps application.

The accuracy of GPS coordinates in this system when compared to GPS on smartphones has a gap of between 1 - 26 meters. The response time when the user sends a command to track the vehicle to get a reply sms that is ± 37.6 seconds.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 13, No. 12
Authors: Zhang Michael
Published: December 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 13, No. 12
Improving the Outcome of GMP Inspections by Improving Proficiency of Inspectors through Consistent GMP Trainings
Authors: Shiihi Solomon , Okafor U G , Ekeocha Zita , Byrn Stephen Robert , Clase Kari L
Published: December 2021

Approximately 90% of the pharmaceutical inspectors in a pharmacy practice regulatory agency in West Africa have not updated their training on Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection in at least eight years. However, in the last two years the inspectors relied on learning-on-the job skills. During this time, the agency introduced about 17% of its inspectors to hands-on GMP trainings. GMP is the part of quality assurance that ensures the production or manufacture of medicinal products is consistent in order to control the quality standards appropriate for their intended use as required by the specification of the product. Inspection reports on the Agency’s GMP inspection format in-between 2013 to 2019 across the six geopolitical zones in the country were reviewed retrospectively for gap analysis. Sampling was done in two phases. During the first phase sampling of reports was done by random selection, using a stratified sampling method. In the second phase, inspectors from the Regulatory Agency from different regions were contacted on phone to send in four reports each by email. For those that forwarded four reports, two, were selected. However for those who forwarded one or two, all were considered. Also, the Agency’s inspection format/checklist was compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) GMP checklist and the GMP practice observed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reporting skills and the ability of inspectors to interpret findings vis-à-vis their proficiency in inspection activities hence the efficiency of the system. Secondly, the study seeks to establish shortfalls or adequacies of the Agency’s checklist with the aim of reviewing and improving in-line with best global practices. It was observed that different inspectors have different styles and methods of writing reports from the same check-list/inspection format, leading to non-conformances. Interpretations of findings were found to be subjective. However, it was also observed that inspection reports from the few inspectors with the hands-on training in the last two year were more coherent. This indicates that pharmaceutical inspectors need to be trained regularly to increase their knowledge and skills in order to be kept on the same pace. It was also observed that there is a slight deviation in placing sub indicators under the GMP components in the Agency’s GMP inspection format, as compared to the WHO checklist.
Improved Heat Transfer in Guar Gel Composites Reinforced with Randomly Distributed Glass Microspheres
Authors: CAO Ruifeng , WANG Taotao , ZHANG Yuxuan , WANG Hui
Published: December 2021

Improved heat transfer in composites consisting of guar gel matrix and randomly distributed glass microspheres is extensively studied to predict the effective thermal conductivity of composites using the finite element method. In the study, the proper and probabilistic three-dimensional random distribution of microspheres in the continuous matrix is automatically generated by a simple and efficient random sequential adsorption algorithm which is developed by considering the correlation of three factors including particle size, number of particles, and particle volume fraction controlling the geometric configuration of random packing. Then the dependences of the effective thermal conductivity of composite materials on some important factors are investigated numerically, including the particle volume fraction, the particle spatial distribution, the number of particles, the nonuniformity of particle size, the particle dispersion morphology and the thermal conductivity contrast between particle and matrix. The related numerical results are compared with theoretical predictions and available experimental results to assess the validity of the numerical model. These results can provide good guidance for the design of advanced microsphere reinforced composite materials.
Der Kulturphilosoph als Ökonom. Anmerkungen zur Renaissance von Georg Simmels Philosophie des Geldes
Authors: Riese Hajo
Published: December 2021

Der herrschenden Wirtschaftstheorie ist es bis jetzt nicht gelungen, die Geldfunktion in ihre Markttheorie zu integrieren. Dies liegt daran, dass sie gesellschaftliche Interaktion auf das Tauschparadigma zurückführt. Demgegenüber skizziert Simmel eine Verpflichtungsökonomie, in der allein Geld als Medium der Kontrakterfüllung fungiert und einen eigenen Einkommensanspruch in Form des Zinses setzt. Die Verpflichtung wird zur kulturanthropologischen Kategorie, der Kontrakt zum konstitutiven Prinzip von Gesellschaft. Die Herausbildung individueller Freiheit wird durch die Transformation der Verpflichtung von Naturalabgaben zu Geldabgabe angetrieben.
Die Deutschen und Europa – Georg Simmel als politischer Denker
Authors: Müller Hans-Peter
Published: December 2021

Obgleich Georg Simmel als unpolitischer Denker gilt, hat er sich in seinen Kriegsschriften zu Deutschland und Europa eindeutig politisch positioniert. Sein Bekenntnis zur deutschen und europäischen Kultur hat ihm den Ruf eines Kriegstreibers und Nationalisten eingetragen. Der vorliegende Artikel macht den Versuch, Simmel als politischen Denker differenzierter zu untersuchen und die Gründe für seine Parteinahme klarer herauszuarbeiten.
Mehr Opferschutz bei Vernehmungen im Strafverfahren?
Authors: Acker Theresa
Published: December 2021

Obwohl der Opferschutz im Strafverfahren in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten deutlich gestärkt wurde, erachtet die Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg die bisherigen Schutzmaßnahmen für erwachsene Opfer von gravierenden Sexualstraftaten für unzureichend. In ihrem Gesetzentwurf (BR-Drs. 80/21, 1 ff.), der am 27. Januar 2021 vorgelegt wurde, schlägt die Freie und Hansestadt daher vor, dass Opfer schwerster Sexualstraftaten grundsätzlich allein von dem Vorsitzenden vernommen werden sollen. Der Beitrag nimmt den Gesetzentwurf zum Anlass, bestehende und in der StPO verankerte Schutzmaßnahmen für erwachsene Opfer von Sexualstraftaten bei Vernehmungen in der Hauptverhandlung überblicksartig darzustellen. Im Anschluss wird der Gesetzentwurf der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg detailliert vorgestellt und abschließend kritisch gewürdigt.
Lotteries. The Ambivalent European Asylum Regime and How to Fix It. Credibility and Effectiveness of Asylum Decisions in Europe
Authors: Thränhardt Dietrich
Published: December 2021

Die europäischen Asylsysteme werden oft als ›Lotterie‹ kritisiert, weil Asylentscheidungen zwischen Ländern, Regionen und Gerichten extrem differieren und die Antragsteller Jahre auf endgültige Klärung warten. Um schnelle und gute Entscheidungen zu ermöglichen, hat die Schweiz ein strukturiertes Asylverfahren mit unabhängiger Rechtsberatung entwickelt. Deutschland und andere Länder wollen Asylbewerber:innen in der Anhörung nicht rechtlich stärken. Offiziell halten sie am internationalen und europäischen Asylrecht fest, erwarten jedoch von den Asylentscheider:innen niedrige positive Quoten. In Ländern mit unabhängigen Gerichten werden derartige behördliche Entscheidungen aber vielfach aufgehoben und die Gerichte gewähren schließlich Asyl. Solch doppelbödige Praxis führt zu humanitären Härten und hohen finanziellen Kosten und erweckt den Eindruck eines Kontrollverlustes.
SOBRE O TRATAMENTO LEGAL DO OFENDIDO NO PROCESSO PENAL: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE O DIREITO BRASILEIRO E O NORTE-AMERICANO
Authors: Giamberardino André Ribeiro , Silva Mário Edson Passerino Fischer da
Published: December 2021

Objetiva-se comparar panoramicamente os direitos e o papel do ofendido no processo penal brasileiro e americano. A metodologia pauta-se em revisão bibliografica e análise comparativa entre os marcos legais e jurisprudenciais. O artigo é dividido em três partes: a compreensão dos marcos normativos em cada país; as formas de intervenção do ofendido no processo penal e os direitos garantidos ao ofendido e os remédios jurídicos para assegurá-los. Conclui-se que o direito norte-americano mostra-se mais aberto à participação direta do ofendido no processo, prevendo as declarações de impacto, o direito de conferência com o promotor e o direito de consulta no âmbito do plea bargaining.; mas quanto à intervenção processual indireta, o direito brasileiro oferece ao ofendido chances mais potentes. Ambos, todavia, imersos em uma racionalidade punitiva e que deve ser diferenciada da alternativa, mais promissora, das práticas restaurativas.
Effect of Aluminum Chloride Hemostatic Agent on Bonding Strength of RMGIC in Primary Tooth
Authors: Woo Seung-Hee , Shin Jisun , Lee Joonhaeng , Han Miran , Kim Jong Soo
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a hemostatic agent containing aluminum chloride on the shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to the dentin of primary teeth. Thirty-six extracted non-carious human primary teeth were collected in this study. Dentin surfaces were cut and polished. The specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups; group I: RMGIC without conditioning; group II: polyacrylic acid (PAA), RMGIC; group III: aluminum chloride, RMGIC; group IV: aluminum chloride, PAA, RMGIC. All teeth were thermocycled between 5.0℃ and 55.0℃ for 5000 cycles. Fifteen specimens from each group were subjected to shear bond strength test and 3 specimens from each group were inspected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mean shear bond strength of each group was as follows: 4.04 ± 0.88 MPa in group I, 8.29 ± 1.40 MPa in group II, 1.39 ± 0.47 MPa in group III, 6.24 ± 2.76 MPa in group IV. There were significant differences among all groups (p < 0.001). SEM image of the dentinal tubules were partially exposed in group III and group IV. Fully exposed dentinal tubules were found in group II. In conclusion, aluminum chloride decreased the shear bond strength of RMGIC to dentin, regardless of PAA conditioning.
Evaluation of Skeletal and Dental Maturity in Relation to Vertical Facial Types and the Sex of Growing Children
Authors: Jo Seon-Gyeong , Kim Byounghwa , Lee Jewoo , Ra Jiyoung
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the skeletal and dental maturity according to the vertical facial type and sex in Korean children in the developmental stage. In total, 184 participants aged 8 - 14 years were selected and divided into three groups based on the mandibular plane angle. For the comparison between the sexes, the three groups were each divided into male and female subgroups. The skeletal and dental maturity were assessed using lateral cephalograms, hand-wrist radiographs and panoramic radiographs. The vertical growth group showed significantly greater cervical vertebral and hand-wrist maturity than that in the horizontal growth group. Dental maturity was the highest in the vertical growth group. Girls showed greater skeletal maturity than boys, and no distinct difference was observed between the dental maturity of the sexes. Analysis of the vertical facial type in children can provide ancillary indicators that may help determine the optimal timing for orthodontic treatment initiation. Earlier initiation of orthodontic treatment may be considered for patients with vertical facial growth patterns.
Presentación
Authors: Romera Castillo José
Published: December 2021

El panorama de la semiótica tanto en España como en Iberoamérica sigue incrementándose en este número de Signa. Revista de la Asociación Española de Semiótica. Conviene recapitular lo realizado hasta el momento. En las tres entregas ya publicadas —por iniciativa mía— hemos dado cuenta de lo que se ha llevado a cabo en el campo de los estudios semióticos tanto en España como en otros países de América que utilizan el español como lengua oficial.
Mauritsstad e imágenes brasiliae; a los europeos, el más allá de los mares y a los brasileños, otra historia
Authors: Mei Alves de Oliveira Ana Claudia
Published: December 2021

En el paraíso terrenal, bautizado Brasil por los portugueses, los primeros europeos que recrearon el viejo continente en las tierras con- quistadas de la costa este de América del Sur, los holandeses, se instalaron en el nordeste de esta inmensidad continental en el siglo XVII, bajo el mando del Conde Joáo Mauricio de Nassau, que representaba los intereses de la Compañía de las Indias Occidentales. El pintor holandés Albert Eckhout, uno de los artistas integrantes de la comitiva del conde, permaneció en Brasil desde 1637 hasta 1644. A pesar de la escasez de referencias conocidas de su vida y obra anteriores al viaje, los estudiosos suponen que, en dicha época, el pintor disfrutaba de cierta reputación en el medio artístico holandés como para recibir tal invitación. Durante esta misión, el artista retrató a sus habitantes, su fauna y su flora, mientras Frans Post, otro pintor acompañante de Nassau, reflejó paisajes y vistas de la tierra, lo que le valió el título de inventor del paisaje americano.
Métrica, música y lectura del poema
Authors: Núñez Ramos Rafael
Published: December 2021

La relación entre métrica y poesía es tan estrecha que la palabra «verso» con la que se nombra la unidad métrica por excelencia se puede usar en ciertos contextos como sinónimo de «poesía lírica». Sin embargo, esta relación es por lo general asumida de forma mecánica sin reparar en su importancia y significación. En mi opinión afecta a la esencia misma de la poesía lírica y está estrechamente vinculada a su origen, por no decir su efectiva condición, musical.
Presentación de la información en entrevistas de la radio pública española
Authors: Morales López Esperanza
Published: December 2021

Desde el punto de vista funcional, la entrevista puede explicarse a partir de la noción de acto de habla como una actividad que cumple diversas funciones sociales (Heritage y Roth, 1995: 2; Levinson, 1983: 275, y 1992). Los dos roles sociales que intervienen en la misma, entrevistador (ER, a partir de ahora) y entrevistado (EO), contribuyen al desarrollo del tópico iniciado a través de un intercambio de actos de habla de pregunta-respuesta; de esta manera se produce una negociación a lo largo del proceso interactivo. En este artículo me voy a referir exclusivamente a la entrevista bipartita entre un único entrevistador y un único entrevistado
The mediating effect of self-leadership on the media literacy and learning agility of nursing students based on the experiences of online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Young-Sun , Lee Hyun-Ju
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of self-leadership on the relationship between media literacy and learning agility in nursing students based on their experiences in online classes during the Coronavirus Disease-19 pandemic.Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted among 165 nursing students from four universities in Busan. Data were collected from June 2 to 13, 2021, and was analyzed using a t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 26.0.Results: Significant relationships were found between learning agility and media literacy (r=.62,p<.001), between learning agility and self-leadership (r=.58, p<.001), and between media literacy and self-leadership (r=.53, p<.001). Additionally, self-leadership had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between media literacy and learning agility (Z=4.30, p<.001); its explanatory power was 46.0%.Conclusion: These results indicate that interventions to increase the level of media literacy, along with self-leadership, are necessary to improve the level of learning agility of nursing students who will be essential human resources in a rapidly changing healthcare field.
The development and effects of an emotional competency promotion program for nursing students: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design
Authors: Kang Hyewon , Bae Jeongyee
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The objectives of this research are to verify the development and effectiveness of a nursing student emotional competency promotion program that is important in professional nursing strategies for strengthening the psychological well-being of patients.Methods: This research was done by developing an emotional competency promotion program for nursing students according to the analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation (ADDIE) model. Apply the program to students and evaluate their effects on their self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management and self-efficacy using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this research were 48 nursing students enrolled in the department of nursing of D College; 24 students were placed in the experimental group and 24 students were in the control group. The experimental group participated in the developed program from December 18, 2017 to January 12, 2018, for a total of 8 sessions. Each session was 120 minutes long. For data collection, a pretest, posttest 1 and 2 were performed using an independent t-test and repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 22.0.Results: The experimental group who participated in the emotional competency promotion program showed higher self awareness (F=5.65, p=.005), self management (F=11.12, p<.001), social awareness (F=5.02, p=.009), relationship management (F=11.22, p<.001) and self-efficacy (F=14.24, p<.001) than the control group. These results were supported by a statistically meaningful difference in the time period and the interaction between the time period and the two groups.Conclusion: The study’s findings indicate that the emotional competency promotion program developed through this study is effective at increasing the self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management and self-efficacy of nursing students.