bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPROVING COMMENTARY ON THE JUDGMENT OF THE VOIVODSHIP ADMINISTRATIVE COURT IN WARSAW OF 13 APRIL 2021, REF. II SA/WA 1898/20
Authors: Kuczkowska Ewelina
Published: February 2022

Information relating solely to a telephone number does not qualify as personal data under Article 4(1) of Regulation (UE) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of naratural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC. The court assessed that in a situation where entity has a set of data containing only telephone numbers, the telephone number alone is not sufficient to identify a specific person. The judgment of the WSA should be approached with approval.
MEMAHAMI QUALITY TOURISM SEBAGAI STRATEGI PASCA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI DESTINASI SUPER PRIORITAS BOROBUDUR
Authors: Pramadika Nurul , Akbar Syahrul
Published: February 2022

Borobudur sebagai destinasi super prioritas memerlukan strategi pengembangan yang tepat pasca pandemi covid 19. Dibandingkan strategi pengembangan untuk mendapatkan jumlah kunjungan yang banyak, pada masa pasca pandemi ini, pengembangan pariwisata yang tepat adalah pengembangan quality tourism. Berbeda dengan quantity tourism, quality tourism lebih melihat kepada lama tinggal dan kepuasan wisatawan sebagai kunsumen pada suatu destinasi.
Kampung Kurcaci: Saat Kualitas Wisata Berbanding dengan Kualitas Lingkungan
Authors: Siregar Nurul Aldha Mauliddinna
Published: February 2022

Pengembangan desa wisata berbasis pariwisata berkualitas (quality tourism) sebaiknya melihat potensi melindungi lingkungan agar terjaga produktivitas kehidupan manusia. Idealisme untuk melestarikan lingkungan dalam konsep ekowisata menjadi salah satu alternatif yang perlu ditiru, Pengembangan pariwisata bersanding dengan visi misi konservasi juga diterapkan di Kampung Kurcaci, Desa Serang, Purbalingga. Keunggulan alam berupa lahan hutan Damar (Agathis Alba) seluas 2 ha menjadi daya tarik wisata utama di kampung ini. Pun juga pemuda dusun yang turut aktif dalam pengembangan desa wisata berbasis masyarakat yang berkelanjutan.
CLARA Review: Lafli, E. (ed), 2021: Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Bronzes from Anatolia and Neighbouring Regions
Authors: Bolla Margherita Bolla
Published: February 2022

The international c ongresses Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea Antiqua (Congressus internationales Smyrnenses) held in recent years in Izmir at the Dokuz Eylül University are an important initiative in the field of Archaeology. The tireless activity of Ergün Lafli and his collaborators has helped to create lasting links between researchers from different countries and to enhance the role of Turkish archaeology in Europe.
Salvaging the EU: Two-Speed or Dual-Track Reform?
Authors: Rosefielde Steven
Published: February 2022

In the most recent decade, the European Union has shown itself to be less robust than globalists imagined. Globalists believed that supranationality was weatherproof – that it would always outperform national alternatives and would survive adversity. Economic stagnation and Brexit belied these expectations. This essay investigates one aspect of the EU’s supranational plight: incompatible goals and the difficulty of mutual accommodation, especially during hard times. EU supranationalists contend that the shared dreams assure harmonious results, but experience reveals that supranational government is shakier than advocates claim because shared ideals and benefits have not been enough for members to put aside conflicting national interests. These rivalries do not doom the European Union’s globalizing project, but they do expose the vulnerabilities of its premises. Supranational union is proving to be unsatisfactory to both many centralizers demanding “more Europe” and decentralizers insisting on “less Europe”. EU leaders are aware of the problem but are wedded to a one-track, two-speed supranational approach that is destined to fail. A dual-track supranational solution analogous to China’s “one country, two systems” offers a better alternative.
DIGITAL L2 WRITING LITERACIES: DIRECTIONS FOR CLASSROOM PRACTICE
Authors: Llombart Amalia
Published: February 2022

Book review of: Digital L2 Writing Literacies: Directions for Classroom Practice by Ana Oskoz and Idoia Elola. Equinox Publishing, 2020, 250 pp.
HERITAGE SPEAKERS OF SPANISH AND STUDY ABROAD (1ST EDITION)
Authors: Burgo Clara
Published: February 2022

Review of Digital L2 Writing Literacies: Directions for Classroom Practice by Ana Oskoz and Idoia Elola. Equinox Publishing, 2020, 250 pp.
PESQUISA COM ADOLESCENTES E JOVENS SOBRE GESTÃO FINANCEIRA PESSOAL
Authors: Ogeda Sandy Fernanda Ramos Silva
Published: February 2022

The present work has as its theme the personal financial management, where the main objective is to identify the financial literacy level of adolescents and young people between 15 and 21 years old and how they behave in relation to their income, consumption, and expenses. The choice of this theme arose from the need to understand the main doubts of adolescents and young adults at the beginning of their financial lives, who have income. The aim of this initiative is to make the subject a more natural and present subject, in the family nucleus, as well as approach the subject in a technological way in relation to the target audience through the adopted research tools. Therefore, this article intends to disseminate the results of the research. identify the level of financial literacy and list the main doubts of adolescents in the context of personal financial management. We made the research available through an online questionnaire with the Google Forms tool and the project was presented to the target audience through partner institutions such as the Presidente Prudente Mirim Guard and through the researcher's social networks. After applying the questionnaires, the answers were divided into two groups for better analysis, and it was concluded that both young people and adolescents already have debts.
Learning Push Recovery Strategies for Bipedal Walking
Authors: Melo Dicksiano C. , Maximo Marcos R. O. A. , Cunha Adilson Marques da
Published: February 2022

The present work provides an implementation of a Push Recovery controller that aids the walking engine used by a humanoid simulated robot. The simulation environment is the Robocup Soccer 3D Simulation League. The learned movement policies exceeded our original walking engine. In addition, we evaluated the policies and detected undesired biases. New methodologies were introduced in order to eliminate it.
Planejamento de Caminhos Seguros e Suaves Baseados em Espuma Probabilística para Sistemas Robóticos Autônomos
Authors: Nascimento Luís B. P. , Alsina Pablo J.
Published: February 2022

O Método da Espuma Probabilística (PFM) é um planejador capaz de gerar caminhos que garantem uma região segura para manobra. Essa característica é ideal para aplicações em robótica assistiva que requerem caminhos com um maior grau de segurança. Entretanto, o PFM necessita da representação explícita dos obstáculos no espaço de configurações, o que inviabiliza, na prática, sua aplicação para a maioria dos problemas robóticos. Dessa forma, este trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem para que o PFM não compute a região de obstáculos. Além disso, são apresentadas estratégias diminuir o comprimento e aumentar a suavidade do caminho planejado, mantendo a principal característica da abordagem que é a segurança. Experimentos simulados utilizando as técnicas propostas foram realizados para um exoesqueleto para membros inferiores e para um andador inteligente, ambos robôs assistivos.
Statistical Analysis of the Dynamic Performance of Reinforcement Steel at Elevated Temperatures: The Case of Johnson-Cook Model
Authors: VAIDOGAS Egidijus Rytas
Published: February 2022

Description of mechanical properties of reinforcement steel by means of mathematical models known as constitutive laws is considered. The attention is focussed on the Johnson-Cook (JC) model developed to express the stress-strain relation by considering the coupled effect of strain and strain rate hardening as well as thermal softening of steel. The JC model is analysed due to its prevailing role in the practice of constitutive relation of properties of reinforcement steels. The key element of this study is a new look at the JC model from the statistical viewpoint. The JC model is subjected to examination by confronting its deterministic nature with statistical variability of experimental data that can be acquired from stress-strain records. It is stated that to now this variability has been largely ignored. The current practice of fitting the JC model to individual and non-repetitive stress-strain records is analysed. It is suggested how to address the problem of the model fitting in the case where stress-strain data is obtained by repetitive measurements. A procedure for processing small-size statistical samples extracted from this data is proposed. The essential idea of this procedure is to fit components of the JC model to limits of one-sided confidence intervals calculated by means of the statistical technique known as bootstrap resampling.
RILM Index (Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale)
Authors: Henshaw Yun , Wu Shuheng
Published: February 2022

RILM Index is a partially controlled vocabulary designated to index scholarly writings on music and related subjects, created and curated by Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale (RILM). It has been developed over 50 years and has served the music community as a primary research tool. This analytical review of the characteristics of RILM Index reveals several issues, related to the Index’s history, that impinge on its usefulness. An in-progress thesaurus is presented as a possible solution to these issues. RILM Index, despite being imperfect, provides a foundation for developing an ontological structure for both indexing and information retrieval purposes.
Entstigmatisierung psychischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Kerkemeyer Linda , Achtert Katharina , Herz Michael , Frey Silke , Hupfeld Jens , Haack Gina , Witte Christine , Amelung Volker E.
Published: February 2022

Obwohl psychische Erkrankungen weit verbreitet sind und stetig an Bedeutung zunehmen, führen verschiedene Hindernisse dazu, dass psychisch Erkrankte häufig nicht die notwendige Hilfe in Anspruch nehmen. Gründe hierfür können Vorurteile, Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung sein, mit denen sich Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen trotz Aufklärungsmaßnahmen konfrontiert sehen. Im aktuellen Koalitionsvertrag „Mehr Fortschritt wagen“ wird das Thema aufgegriffen. Der Beitrag stellt die Hintergründe, Ziele, Maßnahmen und erste Ergebnisse des Scoping Review „Entstigmatisierung psychischer Erkrankungen“ vor.
Molecular Biomarker Testing for the Diagnosis of Diffuse Gliomas
Authors: Brat Daniel J. , Aldape Kenneth , Bridge Julia A. , Canoll Peter , Colman Howard , Hameed Meera R. , Harris Brent T. , Hattab Eyas M. , Huse Jason T. , Jenkins Robert B. , Lopez-Terrada Dolores H. , McDonald William C. , Rodriguez Fausto J. , Souter Lesley H. , Colasacco Carol , Thomas Nicole E. , Yount Michelle Hawks , van den Bent Martin J. , Perry Arie
Published: February 2022

Context.—

The diagnosis and clinical management of patients with diffuse gliomas (DGs) have evolved rapidly over the past decade with the emergence of molecular biomarkers that are used to classify, stratify risk, and predict treatment response for optimal clinical care.

Objective.—

To develop evidence-based recommendations for informing molecular biomarker testing for pediatric and adult patients with DGs and provide guidance for appropriate laboratory test and biomarker selection for optimal diagnosis, risk stratification, and prediction.

Design.—

The College of American Pathologists convened an expert panel to perform a systematic review of the literature and develop recommendations. A systematic review of literature was conducted to address the overarching question, “What ancillary tests are needed to classify DGs and sufficiently inform the clinical management of patients?” Recommendations were derived from quality of evidence, open comment feedback, and expert panel consensus.

Results.—

Thirteen recommendations and 3 good practice statements were established to guide pathologists and treating physicians on the most appropriate methods and molecular biomarkers to include in laboratory testing to inform clinical management of patients with DGs.

Conclusions.—

Evidence-based incorporation of laboratory results from molecular biomarker testing into integrated diagnoses of DGs provides reproducible and clinically meaningful information for patient management.
U.S. Navy Ship-Model Powering Correlation and Propeller RPM Prediction
Authors: Karafiath Gabor
Published: February 2022

The US. Navy is in the process of reexamining the ship model powering correlation policy to reflect the ship-model correlation allowance experience obtained on 17 ships since 1980. A correct estimate of the correlation allowance is crucial to the accurate model test based prediction of ship power and propeller RPM Relative to the old correlation data, the new post-1980 correlation data tends to confirm the correlation allowance for mid-size ships. Relative to the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) correlation curve, the correlation allowances for long ships over 600 ft and for short 200. ft ships tends to be lower.

Both the predicted power and the predicted RPM is compared to ship trial data for all the new data. The model test data was reanalyzed with the correct correlation allowance determined from ship powering trials in order to determine the accuracy of the propeller RPM prediction methodology. Propeller pitch was known for certain on fixed pitch propellers and on controllable pitch propellers operated at pitch values limited by mechanical stops. For these cases. the propeller RPM calculated with the post-trial correlation allowance was within +0.9% and -2.4% of the trials measurement. These data tend to validate the model test extrapolation procedures in use at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) for the typical combatant I auxiliary Naval ship.

On ships with controllable pitch propellers operating at the nominal design pitch there was much greater scatter in the predicted RPM, indicating that the pitch of the operating propeller was not really known accurately. The propellers may have been operating at slightly off design pitch conditions. The development of in-hub pitch sensors is highly recommended.

The correlation allowance for ships launched after 1982 is on the average 0.0002 lower than the correlation allowance for ships launched prior to l 982. Ships with ablative type paint tended to show lower correlation allowance than ships without ablative paint. Explanations for the decreased correlation allowance for the post-1982 launched ships are examined in the paper.
Non-Cylindrical Blade Geometry Definition
Authors: Neely Stephen K.
Published: February 2022

This paper presents various methods for describing propeller blade geometry using non-cylindrical blade sections. The coordinates of these sections are easily determined from the traditional set of radially-varying geometric parameters such as chord, camber, thickness, pitch, skew, and rake, in addition to a set of axisymmetric surfaces on which the blade sections are generated. Basic equations and numerical procedures are presented for various methods. One particular method, which uses constant pitch angle as a basis for generating the section nose-tail line, is recommended over the others since it is a reasonable compromise between simplicity and allowing for rational interpretation of the section geometric parameters. Some practical examples are provided.
Numerical Propeller Tunnel
Authors: Choi Jin Keun , Kinnas Spyros A.
Published: February 2022

The flow of a propeller inside of a tunnel is addressed. A numerical method is developed in which the flow inside the tunnel is treated via a potential-based panel method. First, the method is applied to the two-dimensional flow of a hydrofoil inside of a tunnel. The total and the perturbation potential formulations are developed, and solved via a direct and an iterative method. The results from both formulations and solution schemes are found to converge very fast with number of panels and truncated tunnel length. Then, the perturbation potential formulation is applied to the analysis of the flow of a propeller inside of a tunnel. The propeller problem and the tunnel problem are solved separately, with the effects of one on the other being accounted for in an iterative manner. The equivalent unbounded flow velocity is calculated and compared to that predicted by Glauert.
Expanding the Use of Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Wilms Tumor
Authors: Long Christopher J. , Mittal Sameer , Kolon Thomas F.
Published: February 2022

Radical nephrectomy combined with contemporary chemotherapeutic and radiation therapy protocols has drastically improved outcomes for children with Wilms tumor. Patients with bilateral disease and a syndrome predisposing to tumor development have necessitated the use of nephron-sparing surgery in select cases. Success in managing these patients has increased the indication for partial nephrectomy, although current guidelines for unilateral Wilms tumor are limited. Given that children are being cured with increasing success, recent focus has shifted to long-term health outcomes in addition to tumor treatment. Specifically, renal function has an impact on long-term cardiovascular health and events. Adult outcomes with partial nephrectomy provide a guideline for a paradigm shift in the management of children with Wilms tumor, particularly with advances in imaging and adjuvant therapy. The data are limited for children undergoing partial nephrectomy for unilateral Wilms tumor and outcomes for larger tumors will need to be studied closely in future trials. Increased utilization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy could further expand the number of patients eligible for partial nephrectomy.
Work-Integrated Learning Policy in Alberta: A Post-Structural Analysis
Authors: Arney Noah D. , Krygsman Hilary P.
Published: February 2022

In late 2020 the Government of Alberta’s Ministry of Advanced Education sent a guidance document to Alberta post-secondary institutions to lay out how work-integrated learning was to be conducted. This document also informed the institutions that work-integrated learning should be included in all future program proposals. The guidelines were sent without the context or purpose stated. This paper applies Carol Bacchi’s “What’s the Problem Represented to be” post-structural policy discourse analysis to the Ministry of Advanced Education guidelines. There is a broad consensus in work-integrated learning research that work-integrated learning is beneficial for participants beyond employment outcomes. However, this analysis shows the Ministry of Advanced Education’s representation of the problem displays an assumption that the purpose of work-integrated learning is to improve labour market outcomes. The analysis also spotlights that the likely effects of the policy have more to do with making work-integrated learning programs easier to assess than to improve student education. This paper proposes an alternative framework that would integrate the constructivist and humanistic origin of work-integrated learning and allow institutions to develop appropriate experiential learning components for their programs while still standardizing work-integrated learning components across and within institutions. This proposed framework can improve work-integrated learning programs in Canada by widening the focus beyond human capital theory.
Differentiated Visions: How Ontario Universities See and Represent Their Futures
Authors: Buzzelli Michael , Songsore Emmanuel
Published: February 2022

This paper is concerned with long term strategic planning in higher education and focuses on Ontario’s strategic mandate agreement (SMA) sector planning framework. In 2012, the province initiated its new SMA planning process by requiring all higher education institutions to propose their own strategies for their academic visions, missions, and objectives. The proposals submitted by Ontario’s universities furnish the empirical content of this paper: a historically unique, comprehensive and comparable set of documents capturing institutions’ self-understanding and plans for their respective futures. Using concepts from organizational theory, content analysis of universities’ SMA proposals reveals divergent strategies, both in terms of institutional administrative responsiveness to the SMA process as well as the academic (i.e., education and scholarship) content of the submissions. In addition, two further sub-themes are analysed: proposals for experiential learning and so-called town-gown connections. Both themes also reveal very different visions amongst institutions. In general, the proposals appear to be independent of institution type and community size/location. Setting the stage for future research, the paper concludes with policy discussion of: (i) the possibilities for institutional diversity in the context of policy discourses on institutional differentiation; (ii) implications for system planning given the structure and process of Ontario’s ongoing SMA framework.
Methodological aspects of studying the systematicity of political reforms
Authors: Dorogoi Konstantin Borisovich
Published: February 2022

This article examines the effectiveness of using discourse analysis and content analysis for studying the political reform in Russia, as well as assesses the heuristic potential of both methods. Attention is turned to methodological difficulties that emerge in the context of sociological study of the systemic social processes. On the example of content analysis of the messages of the President of the Russian Federation, the author demonstrated the correlation between the discourse around the reform and the real course of reforms. The conclusion is made that proliferation of the interpretation of social reality as a text in sociology increases the relevance of both discourse analysis and content analysis, which is confirmed by their wide application in the course of sociological research of the political sphere. The author considers feasibility of the use of discourse analysis and content analysis for studying the political reform in Russia, and assesses the heuristic potential of both methods. The author draws attention to the methodological difficulties that arise in the sociological study of systemic social processes. It is established that the topic of reforms in the various spheres of social life is present in all messages of the President in one way or another. However, the connotation of the very concept of reform has gradually changed from solely positive in the first years of post-Soviet history, when the need for the early transition to new types of economic, political and social relations was justified, to neutral or rather negative, when the reforms are localized in particular spheres of society or are interpreted as disadvantageous.
Legionella pneumophila regulates host cell motility by targeting Phldb2 with a 14-3-3ζ-dependent protease effector
Authors: Song Lei , Luo Jingjing , Wang Hongou , Huang Dan , Tan Yunhao , Liu Yao , Wang Yingwu , Yu Kaiwen , Zhang Yong , Liu Xiaoyun , Li Dan , Luo Zhao-Qing
Published: February 2022

The cytoskeleton network of eukaryotic cells is essential for diverse cellular processes, including vesicle trafficking, cell motility, and immunity, thus is a common target for bacterial virulence factors. A number of effectors from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila have been shown to modulate the function of host actin cytoskeleton to construct the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) permissive for its intracellular replication. In this study, we found that the Dot/Icm effector Lem8 (Lpg1290) is a protease whose activity is catalyzed by a Cys-His-Asp motif known to be associated with diverse biochemical activities. Intriguingly, we found that Lem8 interacts with the host regulatory protein 14-3-3ζ, which activates its protease activity. Furthermore, Lem8 undergoes self-cleavage in a process that requires 14-3-3ζ. We identified the Pleckstrin homology-like domain-containing protein Phldb2 involved in cytoskeleton organization as a target of Lem8 and demonstrated that Lem8 plays a role in the inhibition of host cell migration by attacking Phldb2.
Putting interactions on the map
Authors: Augusto Ruiz Agudelo César , Cortes Gómez Ángela María
Published: February 2022

A method called functional connectivity mapping helps model some of the complex interactions between multiple ecosystem services.
Imaging in Spinal Dysraphism- A Pictoral Assay
Authors: Vatti Anurudh Kishore , Seelam Swarnalatha , Vidavaluru Vineela Rekha
Published: February 2022

Spinal dysraphism includes the congenital malformations of the spine and spinal cord. Spinal cord development takes place through successive stages of gastrulation, primary neurulation, and secondary neurulation. Defect in any of these three phases can lead to spinal dysraphism. The embryological classification of spinal dysraphism consists of anomalies of gastrulation, anomalies of primary neurulation, combined anomalies of gastrulation, primary neurulation and anomalies of secondary neurulation. Clinico- radiologic classification of spinal dysraphism consists of open and closed types. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered as the gold standard for identifying these disorders. By using the clinical, neuroradiological, and development data systematically an accurate diagnosis can be reached. In this article, authors revise the normal development of the spinal cord and spine and discuss the embryologic classification by illustrating the diverse MRI findings of various spinal dysraphism.
Prevalence and Distribution of Coronary Dominance and Ramus Intermedius in North Indian Population on CT Coronary Angiography- A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mishra Dewansh , Raj Gaurav , Singh Bhanupriya , Mishra Dewanshi , Nayak Rahul Kumar
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The Computed Tomography (CT) coronary angiography is a non invasive method to evaluate coronary artery stenosis in patients presenting with cardiac symptoms. It can also be used to decide coronary artery dominance which has various clinical implications like relatively higher death rates in left dominant coronary circulation. The most common variation of left coronary artery is ramus intermedius seen in approximately 30% of cases. Aim: To find the type of coronary artery dominance in male and female patients and to look for the prevalence of ramus intermedius in patients undergoing CT angiography for coronary artery disease following cardiac symptoms and to look for predominance based on gender if any. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 161 patients who visited the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2020 to October 2020 for CT coronary angiography on 64 slice CT scan machine and were evaluated for the type of coronary dominance and the presence or absence of ramus intermedius. Results: Of 161 patients (108 males and 53 females), right, left and co-dominance was present in 77%, 14.9%, and 8%, respectively with no significant difference between the sexes. Ramus intermedius was present in 20.4% cases, it was found to be more in males (16.77%) compared to females (3.73%). significantly more in males (Chi-square=4.0820, p=0.0430), and co-dominance (Chi-square=6.2930, p=0.0430). Conclusion: Right dominance was found to be in a greater number of subjects as compared to left dominance and co- dominance with no significant difference between both the sexes. Ramus intermedius came out as a common variation and is significantly more in co-dominance.
Radiological Findings of Thoracic Sarcoidosis in an Indian Cohort: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Putta Tharani , Irodi Aparna , Leena RV , Chacko Binita Riya , Christopher Devasahayam
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is commonly mistaken for tuberculosis in India. Imaging is of paramount importance in making a correct diagnosis, but, most of the published literature available on radiological findings of sarcoidosis is from the Western population. Aim: To study the radiological findings of thoracic sarcoidosis in Indian patients. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study done in a tertiary hospital in Southern India after obtaining clearance from Institutional Review board and Ethics Committee (IRB Min no 6997). Ninety-six patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis between January 2001 and August 2009 based on a combination of clinical, radiological and histopathological findings were included in the study. Their chest radiographs and High-Resolution Computerised Tomography (HRCT) thorax at presentation were reviewed and radiological findings were documented on a proforma. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) software version 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The HRCT was abnormal in all the study patients with lymphadenopathy seen in 87 patients (90.6%) and lung parenchymal abnormality in 92 patients (95.8%). Mediastinal nodes were more commonly seen when compared with hilar lymphadenopathy. The typical lung parenchymal findings seen were juxta-fissural or subpleural nodules and peribronchovascular nodular interstitial thickening. Late irreversible findings were seen at least focally in 43 patients (45%). The classically described upper zone lung predilection was not seen in this study. Conclusion: Paratracheal and subcarinal lymphadenopathy are more common than hilar lymphadenopathy in sarcoidosis. Despite overlapping radiological findings between pulmonary sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, the presence of hyperdense nodes, fissural nodularity, peribronchovascular nodular interstitial thickening with perihilar prominence of findings should favour diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
Clinical Presentation of Patients with Pituitary Tumour and its Correlation to Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Observational Study
Authors: Mathew Shaju , Jose Geo Paul K , Balakrishnan Paruvakkattil Kunjan , Elias Ebitha K
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Pituitary tumours are common intracranial tumours affecting mainly the 4th to 7th decade of life. A detailed understanding of these pituitary tumour patients, especially regarding their clinical and MRI profile would help in its early detection.It also help in deciding upon further management (medical or surgical or radiation), thus helping in improved outcome. Aim: To find out the common clinical presentations and the MRI findings of pituitary tumour. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out among 88 patients admitted with diagnosis of pituitary tumour in a tertiary care center from 1st June 2018 to 30th September 2019. The study involved initial clinical assessment followed by MRI brain of all the patients included in the study. To find out relationship between imaging findings and clinical symptoms statistical analysis was done. Results: The most common clinical presentations were headache in 55 patients (commonly throbbing type in frontal region) and visual field defects in 52 patients (uni/bitemporal hemianopia). A 51 (58%) patients had suprasellar extension and 35 (39.8%) patients had tumour already progressed to parasellar extension stage at time of detection of adenoma. Most of the patients detected with pituitary tumours (i.e., 63.6%) had grade two invasion. Four incidental adenomas were detected and none of them had parasellar extension. Among 35 patients with parasellar extension, 27 (77.1%) patients had visual disturbance. In 45 (51.1%) patients without parasellar extension had no sellar floor involvement. Visual disturbance was significantly associated with the parasellar extension of the tumour. Conclusion: Headache and visual field defects were the most common clinical presentation among pituitary tumour patients. Patients with tumours having parasellar extension are more likely to have visual disturbance than with patients having only suprasellar extension. Radiologically, pituitary tumours tend to expand only into suprasellar area, then it involves the parasellar area, followed by sellar floor which occurred last.
Morphological Variation of Suprascapular Notch in Population of Eastern India and its Clinical Significance
Authors: Kundu Banani , Saha Pallab Kumar , Mistry Bileswar , Roy Tanushree
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Suprascapular notch is present at the lateral part of the superior border of scapula which is bridged by superior transverse scapular ligament. The suprascapular nerve runs below the ligament and the transverse scapular vessels over it. The ligament sometimes becomes ossified and impinges the underlying nerve which causes paralysis of both supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. Aim: To study the morphological variation of suprascapular notches in dry human scapulae. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was carried out on 102 adult dry human scapulae (62 right, 40 left) collected from the 1st year MBBS students of different Medical colleges of West Bengal from August 2020 to March 2021. The shapes of suprascapular notch, presence of ossified ligaments were observed. Superior Transverse Diameter (STD), Middle Transverse Diameter (MTD), Maximum Depth (MD) of the suprascapular notch, distance from the deepest point of suprascapular notch to supraglenoid tubercle and distance between the spinoglenoid notch to the posterior rim of glenoid cavity were measured and statistically analysed. Classification of the suprascapular notch was done based on Rengachary classification. Results: Type III notch was most common (n=52). One scapula had small U-shaped notch with lateral part of the ligament ossified and another had U-shaped notch with both medial and lateral part of the ligament ossified but they failed to join. In Type I and Type VI there were no such diameters like STD or MTD but for other types STD was more than MTD. The distance between suprascapular notch and supraglenoid tubercle was variable- type VI had minimum and type I had the maximum distance. The distance between the medial wall of the spinoglenoid notch and the posterior rim of glenoid cavity was least in type I and highest in type III. Conclusion: This study showed that type III was the most common suprascapular notch. The present study also compared the findings with other previous studies and found that percentage of presence of suprascapular foramen in this eastern Indian population was higher than southern Indian population.
Variations in Surgical Anatomy of Common Carotid Artery: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Peruri Pushyami , Athota Vijayalakshmi Devi , Jakka Lakshmi Durga , Ramasamy Chitra
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Carotid arterial system constitutes the principal blood supply of head, neck and brain. In various physiological mechanisms and pathological processes, carotid bifurcation is an important site both anatomically and surgically. Selection of surgical techniques between carotid stenting and carotid endarterectomy requires prior knowledge of level of carotid bifurcation. Aim: To observe the origin, level of bifurcation and geometric measurements of common carotid artery and its variations. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was done on 60 formalin embalmed human adult cadavers, of which 47 were male and 13 were female aged between 35-75 years, which were allotted for dissection for first year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students in the Department of Anatomy, Government Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani and Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinoutapalli, India, during the academic years December 2013 to March 2018. Observations from both right and left common carotid arteries (total 120 sides) were noted. The data observed was tabulated. Statistics in terms of simple percentages were used. The mean arterial diameter±standard deviation of both right and left common carotid arteries were calculated using the Microsoft office excel sheet. Results: In the present study, total of 120 sides of 60 origin of right common carotid artery was found normal and the origin of left common carotid artery from brachiocephalic trunk was found in 5%. Normal level of bifurcation of common carotid artery was found in 82 (68.33%) sides, high level in 26 (21.66%) sides and low level in 12 (10%) sides. The mean arterial diameter±standard deviation of lumen at the origin of right common carotid artery was 0.887±0.132 cm and left common carotid artery was 0.906±0.128 cm and for both right and left common carotid arteries was 0.896±0.129 cm. Conclusion: Detailed study of surgical anatomy of common carotid artery is important for many surgical, radiological and clinical applications. Knowledge of its variations will help to make alterations in surgical interventions and radiological procedures.
A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Architecture of the Upper Labial Frena
Authors: Surraj S , Daisy L , Sushma D , Mrudula C , Sushma P Rao
Published: February 2022

Over the past few years, various surgical procedures have evolved that focus on releasing the taut superior labial frena in infants, yet little is known about their normal or variant morphology despite the growing incidence of severe upper labial frenar tie. Apart from this, the role played by distorted upper labial frena in uncomfortable latching or problems in breast feeding has been a major concern among mothers thereby significantly affecting public health. Hence, the purpose of this literature review is to lucidly highlight the various existing grading schemes and classification systems in literature for superior labial frena and also to understand their precise morphology and developmental origins that will be of great help to oral surgeons and plastic surgeons in performing release repair or reconstructions for the upper lip tie.
Physico-Chemical, Functional and Antioxidant Properties of Some Flours Types as Gluten-Free Ingredients Compared to Wheat Flour
Authors: Abdelmegiud Mahmoud Hussein , El-Soukkary F. A. H. , EL-Naggar E. A. , Abdelsalam R. R.
Published: February 2022

Preparation of gluten-free products is a big challenge to the manufacturers with the main challenge of finding suitable alter-natives for gluten. Gluten-free products commercially available are poor sources of protein, fiber, minerals, and calories in the diet and poor sensory properties. Also, that GF products are not widely available and are both poor in quality and more expensive than gluten-containing products. The objective of this work was to investigate the chemical composition, functional properties, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic compound of some flours types as GF ingredients and compared to wheat flour containing gluten as a control. Among the GF ingredients used pseudocereals (quinoa and buckwheat), millet, rice, chickpea flours. The chemical composition of GF flours ranged between 10.34 – 11.71% moisture, 7.28 – 22.52% crude protein, 2.03 – 6.09% crude fat, 0.45 –2.37% ash, 0.34 – 5.56% crude fiber, 61.89 – 88.91% starch, 66.82 – 89.90% Carbohydrates and 385.13 – 406.99 Kcal /100g on dry weight basis. While, wheat flour (extraction 72%) contained 11.30% moisture, 12.26% crude protein, 2.46% crude fat, 0.59% ash, 0.61% crude fiber, 82.57% starch, 84.08% carbohydrates and 407.50 Kcal /100g on dry weight basis. The total phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity were (279.89, 517.92, 163.99, 50.67 and 232.19 mg/100g on dry weight basis) and (16.92, 43.83, 4.27, 2.75 and 8.20%) for quinoa, buckwheat, millet, rice, chickpea flours, respectively. Whereas, the total phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity for wheat flour was (147.56 mg/100g) and (4.26 %) on dry weight basis, respectively. On other hand, the results of water and oil holding capacity indicated that quinoa, buckwheat flours gave higher values than that observed for wheat flour. Also, it was found that quinoa, buckwheat, millet, rice, chickpea flours were higher soluble protein than the wheat flour. In addition, buckwheat, millet, rice, chickpea flours showed markedly higher foaming stability than of wheat flour.
Pharmacognostic Characterization of Cola millenii K. Schum. (Malvaceae)
Authors: Johnny Imoh I. , Umoh Uwemedimo F. , Umoh Romanus A. , Alozie Mfon F. , Udobre Aniefiok S. , Igboasoiyi Arnold C. , Bassey Margaret E. , Andy Nsima A. , Udo Inyang J. , Umoh Omodot T.
Published: February 2022

Background: Cola millenii K. Schum. is a member of Cola which is lesser-known in the family Malvaceae. The leaf is used in the treatment of ringworm, scabies, gonorrhoea, diarrhoea, cough and ophthalmia by the locals.

Aim: The study determines various taxonomic, pharmacognostic and phytochemical standards helpful to ensure the identity, purity, safety and efficacy of the medicinal plant, C. millenii.

Methodology: The pharmacognostic characterization was determined following the guidelines given by the World Health Organization (WHO). Parameters determined included macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopy, petiole anatomy, chemomicroscopy, micromeritic properties, ash values, extractive values, fluorescence analysis and preliminary phytochemical screening.

Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening for both the leaf and stem ethanol extracts showed the presence of phytochemicals. Epidermal cell shapes were polygonal with straight anticlinal walls. Stomatal distribution was hypostomatic with hexacytic, anisocytic and anomocytic stomata on the abaxial surface. Unicellular and glandular trichomes were observed on the abaxial surface. Areolation was quadrangular with calcium oxalate crystals observed along the veins. The chemomicroscopic study revealed the presence of lignin, starch, cellulose, oils, calcium oxalate crystals, mucilage and protein for both leaf and stem respectively. The fluorescence characteristics showed the presence of different colours supporting the presence of various phytoconstituents for both leaf and stem. The flow properties for both leaf and stem were fair and passable with the angle of repose of 40.6o and 36.8o respectively. The quantitative epidermal studies, chemomicroscopic and fluorescence characteristics revealed characteristic features for the drug. The physico-chemical results for leaf and stem gave total ash of 5.5 % and 12.07 %, water-soluble ash of 1.19 % and 3.39 %, acid-insoluble ash of 0.90 % and 2.29 % and moisture content of 4.49 % and 16.33 %, water-soluble extractive of 26.30 % and 22.50 %, ethanol-soluble extractive of 24.30 % and 16.80 %, methanol-soluble extractive of 20.90 % and 2.50 % and ethyl-acetate acetate-soluble extractive of 6.60 % and 1.10 % respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 31 and 45 phytochemical constituents for the leaf and stem respectively.

Conclusion: The data generated from the present study would help to authenticate C. millenii and also affirm its folklore use in traditional medicine.
Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of 1, 4 Dihydropyrimido [1, 2-a] Benzimidazole
Authors: Joshi Kaushik , Chauhan Vikas , Bhatt Hardik , Dave Nikunj
Published: February 2022

Considering various biomedical significance & with a view of pharmacological actions of compound belong to this class, new series of N-(substituted phenyl)-2-methyl-4-(2-(6-oxo-1-phenyl-1-6-dihydro-[2-3-bipyridin]-5-yl)phenyl)-1-4-dihydro pyrimido [1, 2-a] benzimidazole-3-carboxamide ware prepared. The formation of the compound was accomplished by cyclocondensation of 2-(1, 2-dihydro-2-oxo-1-phenyl-5-(pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-3-yl) benzaldehyde and N-(substituted phenyl)-3-oxobutanamide, 2-amino-benzimidazole under acid catalyzed conditions. The structures of pyrimidobenzimidazoles were determined by MASS, IR, 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques & Elemental analysis technique.
Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome: About a 7-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Yatribi Fatima Azzahraa , Mouaddine Khadija , Bentahila Abdelali , Chkirate Bouchra
Published: February 2022

The Aicardi-Goutières syndrome is an encephalopathy characterized by an arrest of psychomotor development in the first months of life, spastic tetraplegia spastic tetraplegia, abnormal movements and acquired microcephaly. Neuroimaging reveals calcifications of the basal ganglia and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study shows lymphocytosis. Our patient is a 7 month old child, from a 1st degree consanguineous marriage. She presents a psychomotor delay with hypotonia, nystagmus and convulsive myoclonic seizures. Cerebral CT shows an active tri ventricular hydrocephalus with multiple parenchymal calcifications with multiple cerebral parenchymal calcifications and basal ganglia of infectious appearance. The intercritical sleep EEG was unremarkable. Ophthalmological examination, including an EPI, revealed a probable retinal dystrophy predominantly on the scopic system. Brain MRI shows a mesencephalic atrophy of the annular protuberance and increased volume of the volume of the cisterns of the posterior cerebral fossa. The dosage of interferon alpha in the CSF is increased to 113 pg /ml.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Health Care Providers on HIV / AIDS in Kisangani (DR Congo)
Authors: Yakusu Issa , Bokele Atoba , Ekelenge Bokanga , Maliro Kambale , Moto Moustapha , Lohombo Louison , Bassandja Ossinga
Published: February 2022

Objective: Our objective was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to HIV-AIDS among health care providers in general referral hospitals in the city of Kisangani.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study with providers of care from HGRs in the city of Kisangani. Our respondents completed a questionnaire designed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV / AIDS.

Results: Most of our respondents were female with a proportion of 52.2%, with an age between 26 to 35 years old. The results showed that approximately 75.06% of providers have an acceptable level of knowledge about the clinical manifestations of the disease, 86.7% had a positive attitude towards a Person living with HIV (PLHIV) and 78.1% demonstrated good practice.
Assessment of Quality of Wastewater Being Used in Irrigating Soils under Urban Agriculture in Zaria Urban Area
Authors: Mashi S. A. , Yakubu S. , Sani S.
Published: February 2022

The cultivation of food crops in open spaces of cities in the developing world is very common but has not attracted the research attention it deserves. In most areas, the practice relies on the use of wastewater derived from urban sources (houses, industries, markets, public institutions etc) to irrigate soils along the floodplains of streams that drain an urban area. Because such wastewater may be containing some pollutants, concerns are increasingly been raised as to whether urban agriculture is not a threat to public health. There are valid reasons to be so concerned because a wastewater typically contains some pollutants like heavy metals, with tendency to cause several health problems. To ascertain this, a study was conducted to evaluate the quality of wastewater being used in irrigating soils under urban agriculture in Kubanni basin of Zaria area. The results obtained indicate that though there is a presence of As, Fe, Cr, As, Cu, Zn, Mn and Pb in wastewater being used in UPA irrigation practices in the area, their concentrations are generally below the maximum permissible limits set by Nigeria’s Federal Environmental Protection Agency for irrigation. However because of the tendency of the metals to accumulate in soils, it is expected that the metals could possibly have been accumulating in the irrigated soils and the crops being grown on them. Thus further studies are required to establish the extent to which this is so. Nonetheless, it would be worthwhile for the farmers to start some significant purification of wastewater in the area to make it safe for irrigating the soils since there are valid fears to be concerned about possibility of heavy metals build up in the soil.