bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATING THE DEMOLITION PROBABILITY OF BUILDINGS USING A BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
Authors: Barakat Boushra , Srour Issam , Srour Jordan
Published: March 2023

The sources and quantities of construction and demolition waste (CDW) are a major source of uncertainty hindering the optimization of the reverse-logistics network design for this waste stream. This study proposes a bottom-up approach that can be used to forecast the quantities of demolition waste (DW) in a specific region. The proposed method scans each building in a region to determine its age, height, composition and other relevant factors. Given the individual building parameters along with the neighborhood and regional market conditions in which the building is situated, each building is assigned a probability of demolition. The study then describes the methodology by which these individual probabilities are aggregated, along with the anticipated waste from each building, in order to obtain an overall estimation of demolition waste in a region. The main factors constituting this probability are the age at the building level, location or surroundings at the neighborhood level, and the overall market conditions at the regional level. This method is applied in the city of Beirut as a case study. The findings of this study will help in the estimation and mapping of demolition waste generation for any specific year of forecast. The suggested framework can also help decision-makers in optimizing the selection of capacities and locations of CDW treatment facilities to reduce both costs incurred and environmental impacts.
AFFORDABLE STUDENT ACCOMMODATION: A PERSPECTIVE OF TERTIARY STUDENTS
Authors: Amoah Christopher , du Plessis Janine
Published: March 2023

The cost of accommodation is becoming a challenge to many tertiary students, leading to the student's demonstration in institutions. The study's primary purpose is to establish students' views regarding the affordability of their accommodation. A quantitative approach was adopted for the study by using closed-ended and open-ended questionnaires to collect data from 98 tertiary students from the University of the Free State. Statistical analysis in Excel was used to analyse the data collected. The findings reveal that students generally perceive their rental values to be affordable. There is no perception variance of accommodation affordability for employed and unemployed off-campus students. What students pay currently for their accommodation seems to match the affordable amount. Again, off-campus students also perceive their accommodation's affordable monthly rental value between R2000 – R3999. The government and university authorities should consider what students consider affordable when partnering with private developers to prevent them from charging students exorbitant rent for the available space, hindering less privileged students' ability to afford it. The survey was applied to only the University of the Free State students in Bloemfontein; however, the results may apply to other universities in South Africa. This study gives the government and tertiary institution management bodies insight into negotiating with private developers to ensure rental values are within the affordable amount. The study also revealed the rental amount considered affordable by the students, which may guide private developers in future developments cost of the student's accommodation to make their businesses more sustainable.
THE VOLUNTARINESS OF DISPUTANTS IN CONSTRUCTION MEDIATION
Authors: CAO Nan , Cheung Sai On
Published: March 2023

Mediation has been promoted to resolve construction disputes due to much-heralded time and cost advantages. Formal introduction was affected in early 20’s after several successful pro bono mediation pilots. In Hong Kong, immense promotional efforts have been directed to make mediation the mainstream mechanism for alternative dispute resolution. Despite promotional efforts, a disheartening decline in use of mediation was noted after an initial surge. For wider adoption, there has been an ongoing debate on before disputing parties resorting other forms of dispute resolution, whether courts should compel them to attempt mediation. This study examines pillars of successful mediation and seeks to reveal the root causes of Hong Kong's sluggish uptake of construction. Review of literature informed key mediation attributes and manifestations of voluntariness in construction dispute mediation. Scale rating by construction professionals was employed to establish mediation attribute importance ranking as well as representativeness of manifestation of voluntary participation. "The exchange of critical information is effective" and "The disputant considers the mediator trustworthy" were ranked as the two most important mediation attributes, suggesting the importance of having a conducive environment for genuine communication. It is therefore proposed that voluntary participation is a necessary condition to create a collegial atmosphere. “Working cooperatively with the mediator” and “Preparing settlement options before attending the mediation” were the top two ranked manifestations of voluntary participation. Most research on mediation mainly focus on the advantages of mediation. Findings of this study raise the caveat when disputants are asked to attempt mediation that erodes voluntary participation.
DISPUTE RESOLUTION MANAGEMENT: FINDING THE MORE EFFECTIVE CONCILIATION FROM THE PRE-CONTRACT PHASE TO RESOLUTION PHASE
Authors: PROVENZANO PAOLA , IDDAS GIUSEPPE
Published: March 2023

Construction projects are usually involved in disputes, the management of which causes a considerable cost increase and time delay. New research frontiers regarding methods able to guarantee a rapidly agreed settlement, reducing time and costs, are suggesting lawyers new criteria to assign earlier the most effective alternative dispute resolution methods in the precontract phase. For this purpose, different criteria were analyzed, alternatives were selected and translated in legal contract language to bring the cumulative experience to being inserted as a clause into construction agreement. Other impulsive increase in research also occurs when bringing disputing parties together and when suggesting possible solutions to reach an agreed settlement during the conciliation steps. The authors, exposing some cases histories, analyze the common claims between the parties in construction contracts: delays, changes, unforeseen circumstances, insufficient information, and conflicts. Even though the claims must be properly constituted and documented, and the causes and effects must be clearly demonstrated, the quantification usually overestimates the loss due to inefficient productivity, which is extremely difficult to assess. The authors underline the role of the technical expert in forensic engineer as specialized in analyzing causes and effects by contemporaneous records and in verifying additional costs that must be supported by the regarding documents.
FRP COMPOSITE STRENGTHENING OF CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH VARIOUS SHAPES AND LOADING CONDITIONS
Authors: Kabashi Naser , Krasniqi Enes , Muhaxheri Milot
Published: March 2023

The various loading in different cases will result in different columns made of reinforced concrete having a unique behavior within the scope of bearing capacity of columns. Fiber-reinforced polymers sheets can be put to use for wrapping or jacketing columns cross-sections with determined adhesive providing confinement resulting in increasing the load-carrying capacity of the strengthened columns. Retrofitting with fiber-reinforced polymeric materials with desired qualities is a great way to replace traditional materials like steel jacketing or adding fresh concrete to the sections of reinforced concrete columns. Traditional conventional methods are effective, but labor-consuming and mainly result in a significant cross-section growth. At the same time, the fiber-reinforced polymers wrapping technology has shown to be timeeffective, more appropriate, and linked with the country's contemporary architecture. The effect of the reinforced concrete columns section will also be a target and part of the analysis in this paper. Increasing the bearing capacity can lead to seismic damage of deficient and improve the ductility and energy absorption capacity.
CLASSIFICATION OF SURFACE FINISH TO BOND NEW TO OLD CONCRETE
Authors: Yates James , Hamoush Sameer , Abu-Lebdeh Taher , Yi Sun , Muktadir Ma
Published: March 2023

This study develops a classification method to understand the relationship between the interfacial bond strength and the surface finish of newly added concrete to old. An experimental program is developed to evaluate the interfacial bond strength between new and old concrete with a various degree of surface finishes. Water jet technology is used to treat the finished surface of the old concrete. The degree of surface finish is determined by the exposure time and the number of repetitions under constant pressure. Each surface finish is analyzed by a 3D scanner focusing on indentation. A sufficient number of images is obtained to develop the classification scheme. The interfacial bonding strength is obtained by testing standard three point bending specimens with two prefabricated interfacial cracks. These specimens are tested to failure in a Mode I fracture only. The results indicate that bonding is improved with the degree of finish up to a peak value that is the optimal finish. Also, the study shows that the strain energy release rate for each surface finish remains to be constant and independent of the of the initial crack length.
TREATED MEDICAL WASTES CONCRETE
Authors: Nassef Ahmad Salah Edeen , Al Naqbi Asila , Al Sheibani Balaqis , Al Badi Buthaina , Al Maqbali Lamyaa
Published: March 2023

Medical wastes are hazardous, toxic and even lethal because of their high potential for disease transmission. The incineration process is the main treatment of medical wastes, relieving the products of incineration process still causes environmental pollution. In the other hand, despite the importance of cement, its production process causes a lot of emission of large quantities of harmful gases, the world's cement manufacturing process contributes about 5% of carbon dioxide emissions, which have negative impacts on the Earth's environment. Both of Bottom Ash (BA) and Fly Ash (FA) are the main outputs of the treatment of the medical wastes by incineration process. This paper studies the effects of the partial replacement of the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) content in the concrete with the treated medical wastes. Either Fly Ash or Bottom Ash is used to replace the cement content at certain percentages. Both of the compressive strength and the workability are tested at 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% of the replacement. The 7.5% replacement of the cement content with the medical waste fly ash gains 87.033% of the proposed concrete characteristic strength after 7 days of curing in pure water and 110.2% of the proposed concrete characteristic strength after 28 days of curing with pure water.
ASSESSING CRITICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL MAINTENANCE POLICY
Authors: Ogunbayo Babatunde Fatai , Aigbavboa Clinton Ohis , Thwala Didibhuku Wellington , Oguntona Olusegun Aanuoluwapo
Published: March 2023

A national maintenance policy is a maintenance strategy that outlines the rules for triggering maintenance actions for buildings and other structures within a country. This study assessed critical factors affecting the development of a national maintenance policy in Nigeria. Through a Delphi survey, the required data for this study was obtained. The Delphi findings indicate twelve (12) factors affecting the development of a national maintenance policy in Nigeria. Among these twelve (12) factors, five (5) had a very high impact (VHI: 9.00-10.00) on the factors affecting the development of a maintenance policy/law in Nigeria, while three (3) of the factors had a high impact (HI: 7.00-8.99) and four (4) other factors scored a medium impact (MI: 5.00-6.99). The study's key finding indicates that the critical factors affecting Nigeria's development of a national maintenance policy were corruption and corrupt practices, lack of clear national maintenance vision, lack of continuity in governance, lack of accurate data of buildings stocks, and inadequate legislation on infrastructure. The study suggested a need for independent authority established by law responsible for implementing maintenance policies or laws. The study concluded that there should be a standalone national maintenance policy or law that will holistically address maintenance-related issues in the country.
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE MODEL: A CASE STUDY OF AN EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
Authors: Willar Debby , Supit Steve , Kabo Don , Senduk Novatus
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study is to construct a model of community resilience using the earthquake in Indonesia as a case study. Indonesia has problems with how the community prepares itself before, during, and after a disaster. The study employs exploratory focus group interviews with respondents grouped into communities from Central Sulawesi and West Java who were affected by the earthquake. The study reveals that there are clear gaps in the community response to the mitigation, preparation, and recovery of humanitarian disasters. There is a lack of disaster awareness, cooperation and coordination between the community and the local government, and the need for strategic steps before a disaster is one of the key findings from the interviews. This study provides a model of strategic mitigation, preparation, response, and recovery for the community so that the dynamics of the disaster management cycle can be understood, and lessons provided to improve their resilience in the case of future emergencies.
JUDGEMENT TENDENCY AND FUZZY INFERENCE MODEL RELATED TO REDUNDANCY OF FRAMED STRUCTURES AGAINST DISSAPEARANCE OF MEMBER
Authors: MORIYAMA Yu , SAITO Tsubasa , ITO Takumi
Published: March 2023

In these days, some examples have been reported about the collapse of buildings structures by gravity as an outcome resulted from an accidental action or the excitation not prepared in the design process. A redundancy and a key-element has been taken from a viewpoint of assuring robustness of a structure even if it receives unexpected disturbance. In past study, a questionnaire survey for human judgments related to structural redundancy was done. From the results, an assessment method related to redundancy was proposed considering sensitivity and the number of plastic hinges. Also, a “2nd Limit Analysis” method combining the plastic analysis and deformation calculation has been proposed for the occurrence of the mechanical mechanism. In this study, a questionnaire investigation was performed to experts and non-experts about human judgments related to a structural redundancy of framed structures against disappearance of member. From the results, the judgment tendency presents the consideration of combination for the sensitivity index and collapse mode. By abstracting the rules of fuzzy inference about the classification of structural redundancy, the membership function was composed related to human judgement. Furthermore, the method of the determination of the key-element is proposed by reference of the proposed fuzzy inference model.
RESEARCH ON THE SEMI-RIGID COLUMN BASE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
Authors: Misaki Takumi , Oda MInoru , Takahashi Osamu
Published: March 2023

The stress state of the structure from external force, mainly depends on the rigidity when the deformation is minimum and depends on the load capacity when it comes to large deformation. The joints of ordinary reinforced concrete buildings are rigid joints, and the bending stress is focused on the column base of the first-floor columns, therefore the cross section of the first-floor columns turn large. Along with this, various problems are considered, such as excessive areas of the cross-section on the upper floors, and complications of the reinforcement, due to disunity of the column cross-sections. Given these backgrounds, semi-rigid column bases were developed to control the bending stress distribution of the columns. In this study, bending shear experiments were conducted in order to understand the structural characteristics of the semi-rigid columns depending on cross-sectional shapes, and the behavior of the semi-rigid columns were confirmed. In addition, semi-rigid column analysis models with various cross-sectional shapes were proposed, and the effective usages of semi-rigid columns with types of cross-sectional shapes were proposed.
COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN-ORIENTED MODEL FOR FRP-CONFINED CIRCULAR RC COLUMNS
Authors: Kaeseberg Stefan , Holschemacher Klaus
Published: March 2023

Today, the use of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) for the confinement of reinforced concrete (RC) columns is a state-of-the-art technic in the strengthening of existing structures. Thus far, various design models are present in literature to predict the stress-strain behavior and to allow for the ultimate limit state design of FRP-confined concrete. Often, the models proposed are scientific in nature only, they are just designed for plain concrete specimens, and they do not meet the demands necessary for practical use. Therefore, this paper presents a comprehensive design-oriented model for FRP-confined circular RC columns considering both the ultimate limit state (ULS) and the serviceability limit state (SLS). Beside equations to calculate the new ultimate confined concrete strength and the accompanying axial strain, the paper introduces an approach to generate a stress block simplifying the design procedure for columns subjected to combined compression and bending. Furthermore, an equation is presented to allow for the calculation of a combined partial safety factor taking into account the material safety factors of both the concrete of the column and the FRP system used. In order to realize a proper and coherent limit state method, the entire model uses characteristic material values and equations only. At last, the SLS is addressed with a simple approach limiting the maximal concrete compressive stress.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF FRCM RETROFITTED PRE-DAMAGED SLENDER CIRCULAR RC COLUMNS
Authors: Kyaure Muhammad Salman , Abed Farid
Published: March 2023

Reinforced Concrete structures face adverse deterioration during their life cycle. Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) is a strengthening system combining fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bonded with traditional cement-based mortar. This strengthening system is easy to apply and eliminates the toxic hazard associated with epoxy bonded FRP. ABAQUS is used to develop nonlinear three-dimensional finite element (FE) models to investigate the potential of this novel retrofitting system to restore the original axial capacity and behavior of corrosion pre-damaged slender circular reinforced concrete columns. Poly-paraphenylene-ben-zobisoxazole (PBO) fibers are used in the strengthening system due to favorable mechanical properties. Nonlinearities in concrete, cementitious matrix and PBO fibers are accounted for in the FE model. Published literature is used to verify the FE models based on column axial capacity and observed failure mode. A parametric study is carried out through varying the number FRCM layers (1, 2, 3 and 4), corrosion pre-damage level (30%, 50% and 70%), slenderness ratio (short/800mm and slender/1200mm) and ratio of eccentricity (0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5). Compressive strength of 30 MPa is used in all columns and along with 2% reinforcement ratio and recommended CDP parameters. Results are presented and contrasted and the potential of the novel retrofitting system to repair and enhance the behavior of slender circular columns is evaluated.
INFLUENCE OF TIMESPANS ON CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF RC BUILDINGS
Authors: Desai Nehal , Vasanwala Sandip
Published: March 2023

The sequence of construction, application of loads, and its timings are significant for the method of Construction Sequence Analysis (CSA). Any variation in these parameters significantly changes the responses of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, even without considering the effect of time-dependent properties of concrete like creep and shrinkage. When the effect of these factors is incorporated, the change in timespan has a significant impact on the overall responses of the structure. Many researchers have considered the response at the time of application of live load. This study indicates that it may lead to failure as it is less than the critical responses. The prevailing practice in India is to design RC buildings for 50 years of life span. In this study, responses like the axial shortening of columns and the bending moments at various sections of a selected beam of a 40 storeyed RC building are observed for the selected nine different timespans ranging from one to fifty years considering the effect of creep and shrinkage. These responses are compared with the response of the 50th year to arrive at a critical time span for analysis. The analysis is done on the MIDAS Gen-17 software. This study concludes that 98% to 99% of the 50th year responses are achieved within 30 years from the application of live load. The study recommends analyzing RC structures only up to the timespan of 30 years using the CSA method.
ANALYZING AND FORECASTING CONTRACTORS’ GREEN BUILDING REVENUES
Authors: Sanboskani Hala , El Asmar Mounir , Azar Elie
Published: March 2023

The sustainability movement is increasingly impacting the construction industry, which has been quick to adopt innovative methods to deliver sustainable facilities. The literature shows that energy consumption in the building sector is increasing at a rate comparable to those of industrial and transportation sectors, and that buildings are responsible for close to 40 percent of energy use and 74 percent of electricity retail sales. Numerous studies also show that this sector has high potential for energy savings and pollution reduction. There is an opportunity for stakeholders of the architecture, engineering, and construction industry to increase their revenues in delivering green buildings. Accordingly, this study presents quantitative analyses of green contractors’ market performance in terms of topline revenue. More than a decade’s worth of business data was used to perform statistical analyses to gauge and discover the green building construction revenue growth over the past decade, uncover trends and develop a forecasting model for the next decade. Results indicate that there is an average 3.7 percent growth in green building revenue on a yearly basis, and that green building revenue constitutes about 35 percent of the total revenue for the top 100 green building contractors, with an expected increase of $3 billion every year. Such findings give researchers a retrospective look at the green contractors’ market performance to investigate the underlying reasons for such significant growth, while also providing practitioners with a forecasted growth rate informing their decision to grow their green building business.
LARGE-SCALE, ROPE-DRIVEN ROBOT FOR THE AUTOMATED MAINTENANCE OF URBAN GREEN FACADES
Authors: Holschemacher David , Müller Christoph , Helbig Markus , Weisel Niklas
Published: March 2023

Facade vegetation is a current trend as so-called green walls or vertical gardens. Particularly in an age of global climate change, the value of urban green spaces is undisputed. There are many creative designs for the inclusion of plants and greenery in both new and existing buildings. However, their long-term maintenance is still a challenge. The automation of this task can lead to staff savings in a risky working environment. To address this issue, a large-scale, rope-driven robot has been developed. This system is capable of efficiently and automatically handling the maintenance of large green facades, even in great heights. By the use of a flexible actuator technology, individual plants can be installed, pruned or removed. Precise, spatially resolved irrigation and fertilization can be executed. In addition, integrated sensors can determine the local condition of the vegetation. Particular attention is paid to data acquisition and decision making regarding the condition of the green.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF ULTRA HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE M-150
Authors: NARESH KALASKAR KUMAR , BHIKSHMA VANKUDOTHU , KODAM SUDARSHAN
Published: March 2023

This study aims full replacement of natural sand with quartz sand which has low porosity & certain amount of cement replaced with supplementary cementitious material (ultrafine GGBS) obtained as the byproduct from the steel manufacturing industries. Mixes are designed for achieving compressive strength of M-150 by using locally available materials. Trials has performed & cubes are tested for their compressive strength at 3 days, 7 days, & another set at the age of 28 days. Out of all mixes one mix has been selected which has achieved the targeted strength. The maximum compressive strength is obtained when the medium quartz sand and coarse quartz sand are in the same ratio with zero percent natural sand. From the results it is observed that, natural sand can be fully replaced with quartz sand in high strength concrete & optimum percentage of cement can be replaced with ultrafine GGBS is up to 30%, optimum percentage of high range water reducing agent (HRWRA) is 0.9% of total weight of cementitious material, steel fibers are 6.2% of total weight of cementitious material. The maximum strength achieved is 156.5 MPa. Based on the results and discussions certain recommendations are framed in the design of Ultra High Strength Concrete M-150 with locally available material with great sustainability.
STRENGTHENING OF CONTRACTUAL PROVISIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Sonkar Pravin Kumar , Misra Sudhir
Published: March 2023

Construction and demolition (C&D) waste has risen to the forefront of environmental debate, posing major environmental and human concerns. Due to the daunting issue of managing emissions from the construction sector, large harmful dust particles from debris pollute the air, making it difficult for rural and urban areas to achieve the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The lack of stringent contractual conditions, ambiguity in defining the agency responsible for transporting the waste, and concern about quality of products made from C&D waste, are some of the problem areas in C&D waste management. Since construction usually involves a client and a contractor, bound by contract conditions, the different agencies formulating the contract conditions play an important role in ensuring effective C&D waste management. This study discusses some of the existing contractual conditions and then analyses C&D waste management in both the global and Indian contexts, with the goal of identifying the necessary adjustments to the construction contracts. While highlighting some of the lacunae in Indian contracts studied, it is proposed that a definite framework of laws fixing responsibilities of stake holders including contractors in the contract conditions along with critical monitoring and vigilance at appropriate level would go a long way in efficient management of construction waste.
O niektórych rozwiązaniach organizacyjnych z zakresu zamówień publicznych
Authors: Szostak Ryszard
Published: March 2023

Sprawna organizacja zamówień publicznych w instytucjach zamawiających rzutuje bezpośrednio na efektywność ich udzielania i wykonywania. Zasada efektywności zamówień trafiła ostatnio do katalogu nadrzędnych zasad ustawowych z uwagi na utrzymujące się trudności w praktycznym (organizacyjnym) jej urzeczywistnieniu, wynikające głównie z niewystarczającej znajomości jej znaczenia prawnego. Trudności, także naukowe, potęgują się w związku z koniecznym sprzężeniem rozwiązań organizacyjnych z wymaganiami prawa cywilnego, administracyjnego, a także prawa pracy. Dlatego celem artykułu jest usunięcie zaistniałej luki poznawczej, przede wszystkim w zakresie znaczenia prawnego regulaminów, podstaw i zasad funkcjonowania komisji przetaragowej na tle pozycji kierownika, charakteru prawnego indywidualnych poleceń służbowych oraz statusu pracowników „rzeczowo właściwych” działających po stronie publicznego zamawiającego. Dokonane ustalenia pozwalają na sformułowanie kilku wniosków i postulatów de lege ferenda. W szczególności w odniesieniu do instytucji publicznych niezbędne jest ustawowe określenie znaczenia prawnego regulaminów udzielania zamówień publicznych oraz poleceń wydawanych podległym pracownikom, podstaw odpowiedzialności karno-administracyjnej członków komisji przetargowej oraz „pracowników rzeczowo właściwych”, w imię zasady, że za uchybienia odpowiadają w pierwszej kolejności sprawcy, natomiast kierownik zamawiającego co najwyżej za zaniedbanie nadzoru. Ponadto pożądane wydaje się unormowanie statusu „pracowników rzeczowo właściwych” jako bardziej samodzielnych, zatrudnianych z uwzględnieniem warunku niezbędnej wiedzy fachowej, doświadczenia i kompetencji zawodowych, zapewniających profesjonalną obsługę zamówień publicznych.
Różnorodzajowe ustalenie alternatywne w niemieckim prawie karnym
Authors: Głuchowski Michał
Published: March 2023

W niemieckim orzecznictwie i w doktrynie dominuje pogląd, że pod pewnymi warunkami możliwe jest skazanie oskarżonego, nawet jeśli sąd nie ustalił, jakiego typu przestępstwa się on dopuścił. Przykładem jest skazanie za „kradzież albo paserstwo”, jeśli u oskarżonego znaleziono skradzione rzeczy, ale nie wykazano, w jaki sposób je uzyskał. Tej nieuregulowanej przez ustawę praktyce zarzucano niekonstytucyjność ze względu na naruszenie gwarancji nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege, zasady domniemania niewinności i zasady określoności. Do krytyków różnorodzajowego ustalenia alternatywnego (echte Wahlfeststellung) dołączył w 2014 r. jeden z senatów Trybunału Federalnego. Niniejszy artykuł systematyzuje rodzaje ustaleń alternatywnych w niemieckim procesie karnym, a następnie skupia się na ich najbardziej kontrowersyjnej odmianie. Przedstawiono historię kształtowania instytucji prawnej różnorodzajowego ustalenia alternatywnego oraz przesłanki jej stosowania. Omówiono też wszystkie wątpliwości natury konstytucyjnej. Autor zgodził się z Wielkim Senatem do Spraw Karnych Trybunału Federalnego i z Federalnym Sądem Konstytucyjnym, że obecna praktyka nie stanowi naruszenia Ustawy zasadniczej. Niemniej wyrażono postulat uregulowania ustaleń alternatywnych w ustawie.
Review of An advanced guide to multilingualism by Larissa Aronin
Authors: Gabryś-Barker Danuta
Published: March 2023

As a researcher in multilingualism and multilinguality, I always await any new publications by Larissa Aronin. They not only add to our understanding and knowledge of this fascinating field, but also inspire us to look into the various dimensions not yet explored by other researchers. A truly imaginative and inspiring mind, hers has been a significant contribution to models of multiple language acquisition, the theory of affordances (Singleton & Aronin, 2007), and the material culture of multilingualism, not to forget – what I consider to be her biggest and most fascinating area of research – dominant language constellations (Aronin & Vetter, 2021; Lo Bianco & Aronin, 2020,) and also, fairly recently and still at the developmental stage, the philosophy of multilingualism (Aronin & Politis, 2015).
Fluorescence engineering in metamaterial-assisted super-resolution localization microscope
Authors: Choi Kyu Ri , Li Shilong , Ozerov Igor , Bedu Frédéric , Park Dong Hee , Joo Bin Chan , Wu Jeong Weon , Nic Chormaic Síle , Lee Yeon Ui
Published: March 2023

Single-molecule localization microscopies have gained much attention for their efficient realization of a sub-diffraction-limit imaging with the resolution down to the 10-nm range. In contrast to conventional localization microscopes, which rely on particular fluorescent probes in specific conditions, metamaterial-assisted super-resolution microscopies can be implemented with any fluorescent dye under general conditions. Here, we present a systematic study of fluorescence engineering in metamaterial assisted localization microscopy by using cyclic group metasurfaces coated with a fluorescent film. Tailored variations are clearly demonstrated in both the photoluminescence intensity and the photobleaching lifetime of fluorophores based on the spatially varied Purcell effect near the metasurfaces. The enhanced emissions and blinking dynamics of the fluorophores on these metasurfaces lead to an increased signal-to-noise ratio, and therefore give rise to a super-resolution localization image with 0.9-nm localization accuracy. Our results are not only beneficial for super-resolution localization imaging but also push the control of light–matter interactions beyond the diffraction limit.
Numerical analysis of vibration response of elastic tube bundle of heat exchanger based on fluid structure coupling analysis
Authors: Su Wei , Tao Kerui , Liu Fansheng
Published: March 2023

A tube bundle heat exchanger is a typical heat exchange equipment that exchanges heat between two fluids with different temperatures. Through this equipment, one fluid can be cooled down and another fluid can be heated up to meet their respective needs. The equipment is widely used in chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, energy, and other industrial sectors, and is one of the indispensable and important equipments in chemical production. To improve the heat transfer performance and service life of the heat exchanger, a numerical analysis of the vibration response of the elastic tube bundle in the heat exchanger based on fluid–structure coupling analysis is proposed. Using the weak coupling method of fluid–structure coupling, the vibration response of multiple rows of elastic tube bundles induced by shell side fluid in a heat exchanger with different tube row spacing and different tube row numbers is studied numerically, and the effects of shell side fluid and tube side fluid on the vibration response of elastic tube bundles are compared and analyzed. The results show that the maximum relative error of monitoring point amplitude is 43.36% when H = 40 mm and 10.17% when H = 70 mm. For connection IV, the maximum relative error of monitoring point amplitude is 31.71% when H = 40 mm and 24.08% when H = 70 mm. This is because when H is small, the interaction between rows of tube bundles is strong, so the amplitude changes violently with the number of the tube bundle. The step-by-step calculation strategy of rough calculation and actuarial calculation proposed in this article can greatly reduce the calculation time and improve the calculation efficiency.
Dense urbanism and economic multi-centrism at third-millennium BC Lagash
Authors: McMahon Augusta , Pittman Holly , al-Rawi Zaid , Ashby Darren , Burge Katherine , Goodman Reed , Hammer Emily , Pizzimenti Sara
Published: March 2023

Studies of ancient Mesopotamian cities have long focused on their institutions. Here, instead, the authors draw on recent investigations at the third-millennium BC site of Lagash (modern Tell al-Hiba, Iraq) to explore urban density, economy and sustainability at one of the largest ancient urban centres of the region. Drawing on excavation, environmental and remote-sensing data, the authors adopt a multi-scalar approach, revealing dense urban occupation, with subdivision into distinct walled quarters, as well as evidence for multiple foci of intensive industrial production and the exploitation of a rich mosaic of surrounding micro-environments. The study emphasises how a combination of new field data and alternative research directions offers novel insights into early urbanism.
A Veteran’s Journey - Reflecting on the Impacts of Complex Peace Operations Involving Children: A Call for Reflection, Reaction and Proactive Responses
Authors: Gil Roberto , Baillie Abidi Catherine
Published: March 2023

Editors’ Note: Publishing commentaries reflects our commitment to methodological pluralism and the importance of experiential knowledge. This commentary captures a conversation between Colonel (ret’d) Roberto Gil of the Uruguayan Army and Presidency Advisor to the International Association of Peacekeeping Training Centres (IAPTC), and Dr. Catherine Baillie Abidi, a professor in Child & Youth Study at Mount Saint Vincent University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The commentary touches on many complex issues in peace and security and is intended to spark reflection and discussion.
Działalność Komisji Porządkowej Cywilno-Wojskowej ziemi bielskiej w świetle zachowanej dokumentacji (1790–1792)
Authors: Romaniuk Zbigniew
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the establishment, activity and liquidation of the Civ-il-Military Order Commission of the Bielsk Land in Podlasie, which existed in the years 1790–1792. The fragmentarily preserved research material does not allow to show the complete image of the activity of this collegial institution, established by the act of the parliament in December 1789. The Civil-Military Order Commission carried out the state’s instructions, covering all residents regardless of social origin and wealth. Its creation is the result of the efforts of some decision-makers to strengthen the country. The annex contains alist of commissioners.
Últimos avances en el estudio del retrato literario
Authors: De Juan Bolufer Amparo
Published: March 2023

En este artículo se realiza una presentación del monográfico sobre el retrato literario publicado en este volumen de Moenia. Esta introducción incluye una reflexión sobre las dificultades de definición del concepto, un panorama de las principales iniciativas académicas colectivas centradas en las prácticas retratísticas y una visión global de las líneas de investigación más destacadas que se han desarrollado en los estudios literarios en los últimos años sobre este tema, con especial atención al ámbito hispánico.
Synthesis of fluorinated pyrrolizidine, indolizidine and quinolizidine derivatives
Authors: Klipkov Anton , Gerus Igor , Sorochinsky Alexander
Published: March 2023

This review provides literature data dealing with the synthesis of fluorinated pyrrolizidines, indolizidines, and quinolizidines. Synthesis of trifluoromethylated derivatives requires to use of commercially available building blocks bearing pre-installed trifluoromethyl group or synthetic trifluoromethylated templates incorporating a chiral auxiliary as starting materials. On the other hand, nucleophilic or radical difluoromethylation followed by cyclization reactions using different types of stable and readily available difluoromethylating agents was established as an efficient approach for the synthesis of difluoromethylenated pyrrolizidines, indolizidines, and quinolizidines. Furthermore, a new possibility to synthesize monofluorinated quinolizidines opens the reaction of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes and dihydroisoquinoline acetic acids using visible light photocatalysis. Generality and limitations of these methods are discussed
Heterocyclizations of β-alkoxy, β-diaminoalkyl, and related
β-functionalized enones (enals) with NCN-binucleophiles
Authors: Vashchenko Bohdan , Grygorenko Oleksandr , Stepaniuk Oleksandr
Published: March 2023

This review provides a detailed survey of the present literature data on β-alkoxyvinyl- and β-enaminocarbonyl compounds as CCC bis-electrophiles in reactions with the common NCN-binucleophiles. The focus is put mostly on the reactions leading to low-molecular-weight and functionalized pyrimidines as the products that are of special interest as building blocks for drug discovery
Synthesis of novel α-trifluoromethyl cyclobutane-containing building blocks
Authors: Homon Anton , Shynder Lada , Hryshchuk Oleksandr , Grygorenko Oleksandr , Kondratov Ivan
Published: March 2023

Four new cyclobutane-containing building blocks were synthesized on a multigram scale starting from 3-methylene-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane-1-carbonitrile and 3-methylene-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid. The synthesized compounds contain trifluoromethyl group near the functional one (carboxylic or amino group) and are promising for further application in drug discovery
Indole alkaloid ellipticine as efficient multitarget compound
Authors: Shvydenko Kostiantyn , Grafova Iryna , Shvydenko Tetiana , Kostyuk Aleksandr , Picanço Neila , Silva Luiz , Kropfitsch Anya , Wyrepkowski Claudia , Zerbini Luiz , Tadei Wanderli , Pereira Antonia , Leskelä Markku , Grafov Andriy
Published: March 2023

First isolated from the tropical plant Oschrosia elliptica, indole alkaloid ellipticine provoked huge interest since it demonstrated antitumor activity was demonstrated along with limited toxic side effects and a complete lack of hematological toxicity. In this work, a five-step Cranwell and Saxton synthesis was used for obtaining ellipticine (Ell). Ellipticine hydrochloride salt (Ell×HCl) was also synthesized. Detailed in vitro studies of anticancer, antimalarial, and leishmanicidal activities were performed. Antiproliferation assay using DU145 cancer cell line treated with Ell showed a consistent reduction in cell proliferation and cell viability when treated with 5 μmol Ell. Anti-proliferation activity was more pronounced for the Ell×HCl solutions. Both the Ell and Ell×HCl revealed moderate activity in vitro against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes, which is related to insufficient solubility of the drugs. IC50 values of Ell and Ell×HCl were determined in vitro against multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain K1. The Ell×HCl was shown to be almost three times more potent than the Ell in DMSO. Upon dilution with water, Ell solubility and activity drops down, while the activity and solubility of Ell×HCl is enhanced up to 10 times in 50:50 aqueous DMSO solutions
Coding Hotline
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: March 2023

This month’s Coding Hotline answers questions regarding CPT and ICD-10-CM coding for maternal depression screening.
Productivity and technological quality in sugarcane ratoon under subsoiling between planting rows in the northeast region of Brazil
Authors: Silva Evanilson Paulino da , Almeida Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de , Rolim Mário Monteiro , Simões Neto Djalma Euzébio , Oliveira Wanderson José de , Silva Manasses Mesquita da
Published: March 2023

Different soil management systems can change the sugarcane yield and quality parameters for sugar/ethanol production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of subsoiling on the inter-row of sugarcane ratoons after the second harvest on productivity and technological quality. Productivity was estimated in tonnes of sugarcane per hectare (TSH), and technological quality parameters were apparent sucrose percentage (Pol) and total sugar recoverable per hectare (TRS). The apparent sucrose percentage and total recoverable sugar were measured in tonnes per hectare, corresponding to the parameters TSH and total recoverable sugar in tonnes per hectare (TTRSH), respectively. This research was carried out at the Experimental Sugarcane Station at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco in the northeast region of Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used, with two treatments: conventional tillage and inter-row subsoiling. Subsoiling provided a significant gain of stalk yield of 5.53 tonnes per hectare. The other parameters evaluated did not differ significantly.
Assessment of LES Dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly model resolution for combustion engineering applications
Authors: Garcia-Lovella Yaniel , Herrera-Moya Idalberto , Rubio-Rodríguez Manuel A. , Jayasuriya Jeevan
Published: March 2023

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has become a powerful tool for dealing with turbulence. Nevertheless, mesh resolution of the simulated domain under the LES approach was shown to be a key matter. Critical regions should maintain an adequate mesh resolution and also the highest possible quality. LES with the Dynamic Smagorisky-Lilly sub-grid model was used for the simulation of SMA1-flame, to assess the influence of the mesh resolution on the instantaneous velocity fields, species profiles, and temperatures profiles. The results of the simulation suggest a comprehensible agreement with experimental data. Nevertheless, some areas in the highly rotational velocity field are not properly solved, mainly due to a poor mesh resolution of such areas. As a result, the central jet’s decay rate was not accurately predicted. On the other hand, the temperature and species profiles were reasonably computed, considering the simple chemistry provided by the Eddy Dissipation Model (EDM).
Identifying relevant factors about work accidents in the road transport sector and the deaths relation in this scenario
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Lucimara , Lavezo dos Reis Beatriz , Dos Santos Jesus Liandra , Leal Gislaine Camila Lapasini , Cardoza Galdamez Edwin Vladimir
Published: March 2023

Workers’ health and safety are a major concern in society, since work accidents have a major impact on productivity and economy. In Brazil, the accidents are officially reported through Work Accident Communication and they are available to the public. Thus, this study analyzed a balanced dataset containing 1,206 records of deaths caused by work accidents related to the transport sector. Its aim was analyzing how the deaths in the transport sector are related with the other work accident factors. To achieve this goal, twelve performance data mining techniques are compared, through five performance metrics, regarding the predictive capacity of the occurrence of deaths caused by work accidents. In this context, the XGBoost and Naïve Bayes algorithms showed the best predictive capacity. The explanatory analysis indicates that work accidents followed by death in road transport are predictable due to the severity of the injuries and vital parts of the body are affected.
Physicochemical, antioxidant, and technofunctional properties of mushroom (Pleurotus sp) flour obtained by hot air drying
Authors: Vélez-Uribe Tatiana , Orozco-Agudelo Natalia , Manjarrés-Pinzón Gustavo , Manjarrés-Pinzón Katherine , Gil-González Jesús , Rodríguez-Sandoval Eduardo
Published: March 2023

El hongo comestible Pleurotus sp. es reconocido como una fuente importante de compuestos biológicamente activos. Sin embargo, su alto contenido de humedad lo hace perecedero. El secado del hongo en harina es una alternativa para agregar valor y extender su vida útil. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar las propiedades fisicoquímicas de Pleurotus sp. y evaluar las propiedades fisicoquímicas, antioxidantes y tecnofuncionales de harinas obtenidas por aire caliente a 50 y 60ºC. Los resultados muestran que el secado a 60°C redujo el tiempo de operación en un 11% en comparación con el secado a 50°C. Asimismo, la harina obtenida a 60ºC presentó mayor capacidad de hinchamiento (6,88 ± 0,25mg/L) y menor humedad (7,62 ± 0,95%); sin embargo, no hubo cambios significativos en el contenido de fenoles. El color final de la harina varió respecto al de las setas frescas, con valores de ΔE entre 25,60-27,79. La harina de hongos se puede utilizar en el desarrollo de productos de panadería funcionales; así, el secado a 60ºC permite la producción de harina de Pleurotus sp. con propiedades fisicoquímicas y tecnofuncionales apta para productos alimenticios, como pan, pasteles o glaseados.
Eksistensi Perempuan Sunda Berdasarkan Dimensi Sunan Ambu dalam Epos Lutung Kasarung
Authors: Haq Mochamad Ziaul , Aprianti Penti , Djunatan Stephanus
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi eksistensi perempuan dalam epos Lutung Kasarung dalam perspektif perkembangan kebudayaan Van Peursen. Studi ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka kualitatif dan mengkaji teks-teks yang terkait dengan topik tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi perempuan dalam epos Lutung Kasarung memainkan peran yang penting dalam membentuk perkembangan kebudayaan (mitis, ontologis dan fungsional). Perempuan dianggap sebagai simbol kekuatan dan martabat, dan memiliki peran yang sama dengan laki-laki dalam membentuk masyarakat yang adil dan sejahtera. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi baru bagi pemahaman tentang peran perempuan dalam masyarakat dalam perspektif perkembangan kebudayaan Van Peursen.