bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“A gente acostuma os olhos”: pescadores artesanais de tarrafa e botos-de-Lahille nas paisagens da Barra do Rio Tramandaí
Authors: Silva Emanuelly , Da Silveira Flávio Leonel Abreu , Marques Olavo Ramalho , Moreno Ignacio Benites
Published: March 2021

Enquanto unidade que dialoga com a ideia geográfica de espaço ou território, a paisagem é um conceito multifacetado que nos auxilia no entendimento das interações entre distintos grupos animais e das expressões culturais humanas. Estudos das relações entre pessoas e natureza atuam como instrumentos de compreensão das afetividades e percepções que envolvem complexas teias de relações, o que nos possibilita encontrar nexos relacionais entre humanos e não humanos para pensarmos numa unidade dinâmica a partir de ambos. No Sul do Brasil, ocorre uma peculiar interação entre humanos e não humanos: a pesca cooperativa. Prática ritualizada e tradicional que consagra a Barra de Tramandaí como uma das duas localidades mundiais onde sistematicamente esse fenômeno acontece. Os botos Tursiops gephyreus e pescadores artesanais de tarrafa cooperam na pesca. O boto sinaliza o momento apropriado para os pescadores jogarem suas tarrafas na água, o que otimiza a atividade de pesca e a energia despendida por ambos. A área de estudo localiza-se na “Barra”, um estuário no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul. O artigo propõe um diálogo entre disciplinas distintas: reunindo os campos biológico e antropológico, através da inquirição de como se dá a cooperação entre cetáceo e ser humano, analisando como os pescadores praticam as paisagens em que estão inseridos. A coleta de dados aliou a observação participante junto aos pescadores a um questionário livre semiestruturado Através de análise qualitativa dos resultados, podemos inferir que as manifestações bioculturais presentes nas vivências dos pescadores se dão em como eles observam, sentem e leem a paisagem. São experiências portadoras de significados, em que leituras individuais de cada pescador sobre o contexto praticado ressoam transformando-se num conhecimento coletivo e compartilhado, pois entre os pescadores é visto como um domínio de códigos, quanto à interação com os botos e o relato das mesmas dificuldades de manutenção desse fenômeno interespécies.
Geophysical Study of Gold Mineralized Zones in the Carolina Terrane of South Carolina
Authors: Alarifi Saad S. , Kellogg James N. , Ibrahim Elkhedr
Published: March 2021

Large pyrite-dominated gold deposits are hosted in hydrothermally altered metamorphic rocks in the Carolina slate belt of South Carolina and are partly covered by Coastal Plain sedimentary rocks. In this study, we investigate the utility of geophysical data including aeromagnetic, electromagnetic (EM), and land gravity surveys as exploration tools. Observed geophysical anomalies are correlated with rock properties such as resistivity, susceptibility, and density. Mineral concentrations were measured for 40 samples from 16 new drill holes, as well as densities and pyrite concentrations for 49,183 samples from 448 drill holes in the Haile ore zone. Regional positive gravity anomalies are observed over the Haile, Ridgeway, and Barite Hill mine areas, and residual high-pass filtered positive gravity anomalies are observed over all mine areas. New measurements for drill cores in the Haile mine area directly confirm high rock densities and high pyrite concentrations in the ore zone. In the Haile and Brewer mine areas, high-conductivity EM anomalies are observed over the ore zones as well as over nearby metasedimentary rocks. The high concentration of pyrite in the metasedimentary units and in the ore zones may explain the high conductivities observed. All gold deposits in the Carolina slate belt are hosted in similar geologic settings near the contact between the Persimmon Fork metamorphosed volcaniclastic rocks and Richtex metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Density and conductivity contrasts between the Persimmon Fork and Richtex Formation rocks may permit mapping of the contact zone between the two units. The magnetic anomalies do not correlate with the mineralized zones but rather with granite and gabbro plutons and diabase dikes. A prominent east-northeast linear magnetic anomaly correlates with the Modoc shear zone that separates low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Carolina terrane from higher-grade metamorphic rocks of the Kiokee belt. We use the Modoc linear magnetic anomaly to predict the southeastern boundary of the Carolina slate belt where it is covered by Coastal Plain sedimentary rocks.
Potential of VIS/NIR spectroscopy to detect and predict bitter pit in ‘Golden Smoothee’ apples
Authors: Torres Estanis , Recasens Inmaculada , Alegre Simó
Published: March 2021

Aim of study: A portable VIS/NIR spectrometer and chemometric techniques were combined to identify bitter pit (BP) in Golden apples.Area of study: WorldwideMaterial and methods: Three different classification algorithms – linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and support-vector machine (SVM) –were used in two experiments. In experiment #1, VIS/NIR measurements were carried out at postharvest on apples previously classified according to 3 classes (class 1: non-BP; class 2: slight symptoms; class 3: severe symptoms). In experiment #2, VIS/NIR measurements were carried out on healthy apples collected before harvest to determinate the capacity of the classification algorithms for detecting BP prior to the appearance of symptoms.Main results: In the experiement #1, VIS/NIR spectroscopy showed great potential in pitted apples detection with visibly symptoms (accuracies of 75–81%). The linear classifier LDA performed better than the multivariate non-linear QDA and SVM classifiers in discriminating between healthy and bitter pitted apples. In the experiment #2, the accuracy to predict bitter pit prior to the appearance of visible symptoms decreased to 44–57%.Research highlights: The identification of apples with bitter pit through VIS/NIR spectroscopy may be due to chlorophyll degradation and/or changes in intercellular water in fruit tissue.
Measuring the Physico-Chemical Impact of Wastewater from the Open Sewer in an Industrial Area: Case of the Kossodo Industrial Area in the City of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso
Authors: Gouba Bernard , Sirima Madjoyogo Herve , Naon Betaboale
Published: March 2021

Wastewater from industrial units in the Kossodo district in the city of Ouagadougou has a physicochemical impact on the environment and the population. For several years the Kossodo area was famous for the effects of wastewater from industrial units on the environment (a foul odor). We took samples from various points of the open canals in order to determine the physico-chemical parameters of this wastewater. This choice was guided by a concern to measure the physico-chemical impact of wastewater from the open sewer in the industrial zone of Kossodo in the city of Ouagadougou on the one hand and to show the danger represented by this wastewater from industrial units on the environment and public health on the other hand.

The objective also guided the choice of the parameters retained for the measurement of the physicochemical impact of the industrial units wastewater of the open sewer of Kossodo zone in the city of Ouagadougou: MES, DCO, BOD5, pH, Potassium, Sodium.

The results show that the wastewater from the open sewers of the industrial units of Kossodo in the city of Ouagadougou, has a high physicochemical parameter content than the authorized discharge standard.
A Literature Review on the Location Determinants of FDI
Authors: Feng Yang , Wang Yang
Published: March 2021

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important force to promote economic growth and social development in both developed and developing countries, while the distribution of FDI in the world and within countries is extremely uneven. This paper systematically summarizes the main determinants that affect the location choice of FDI in recent theoretical and empirical studies, including institution and investment environment, trade cost and industrial agglomeration, market size and natural resource, cultural distance and social network. Based on the work of this paper, it is helpful to better understand the location preference of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in FDI activities, and provide a reference basis for the host country to attract investment and promote economic growth.
Is de legitieme portie nog legitiem?
Authors: ter Haar J.H.M.
Published: March 2021

Is de legitieme portie nog legitiem?

In deze bijdrage staat het onlangs verschenen rapport Legitieme portie centraal, dat tot stand is gekomen in een samenwerking van het Centrum voor Notarieel Recht van de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen en Netwerk Notarissen. De onderzoekers bevelen aan de legitieme portie af te schaffen. Het is echter de vraag of het onderzoek deze aanbeveling rechtvaardigt, temeer omdat uit de peilingen ook blijkt dat een groot deel van het Nederlands publiek de legitieme portie juist omarmt. De wetgever koos er in 2003 voor de legitieme portie te handhaven, maar in sterke mate te ontkrachten. Schrijver concludeert dat de cijfers uit het rapport eerder bevestigen dat deze keuze de juiste was en pleit voor behoud van de legitieme portie.
Komplexität von Kaufentscheidungen im touristischen Kontext: Erkenntnisse für andere Dienstleistungsdomänen
Authors: Laesser Christian , Bieger Thomas
Published: March 2021

Tourist purchasing decisions are multi-layered and complex, due to the combination of a number of special features: (1) Decisions take place at a distance and are therefore risky; (2) Decisions are characterized by portfolio logic with a large number of interdependent and often substitutive partial decisions (often also depending on decisions in the social context, e.g. fellow travelers), (3) tourism production is subject to a household production logic with a high degree of own operations in a highly emotional service context due to the absence of routine. In this paper we briefly summarize the central findings on tourism purchasing decisions based on the current state of literature and present an integrative generic purchasing decision model as a response to the prevailing partial or very specific and not very generalizable overall models. From this we then derive conclusions for (tourism) service industries and other service domains.
Antezedenzien und Konsequenzen von angebotsseitig ausgelöstem Engagement: Die Beziehung von Destinationen und Zweitwohnungsbesitzenden
Authors: Klumbies Aristid
Published: March 2021

Diese komparative Fallstudie vergleicht, wie zwei Schweizer Destinationen Engagement aktiv auslösen, um ihre Zweitwohnungsbesitzenden zu engagieren. Es werden die Antezedenzien für und die Konsequenzen von anbieterinduziertem Engagement von Zweitwohnungsbesitzenden für eine Company-type und eine Community-type Destination analysiert. Als Ergebnis werden sieben Antezedenzien von Engagement und sieben Konsequenzen von Engagement für die Destination aufzeigt. Die Antezedenzien von anbieterinduziertem Engagement sind Involvement, Commitment, Wertschätzung, Vertrauen, Hospitality, gesellschaftlicher Wandel und die Marktsituation. Die Konsequenzen von anbieterinduziertem Engagement sind Loyalität, Sense of Community/Ownership, Resonanz, geteilte Identität, Attraktivität der Destination, monetäre Aspekte und Bekanntheit/Word-of-Mouth.
Die strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit für Kartellrechtsverstöße nach dem Recht der Westafrikanischen Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion (UEMOA)
Authors: N’Toumon N’Kouano Anasthasie
Published: March 2021

The study deals with the antitrust sanctions of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine - UEMOA) and its member states, which was taken from EU law as a legal transplant. Differences to EU law are elaborated and, in particular, areas are identified in which UEMOA-specific problems require a different interpretation of sanctions law in the interest of effective protection of competition. In addition, the difficulties of implementation are highlighted and far-reaching and comprehensive measures are proposed, oriented towards European antitrust sanctions law, in order to achieve a more efficient prosecution of antitrust violations.
Modeling of Piezoceramic Actuators for Control
Authors: Shields Joel , Konefat Edward
Published: March 2021

In this chapter a full electromechanical model of piezoceramic actuators is presented. This model allows for easy integration of the piezo stack with a structural finite element model (FEM) and includes the flow of energy into and out of the piezo element, which is governed by the transducer constant of the piezo element. Modeling of the piezo stack capacitive hysteresis is achieved using backlash basis functions. The piezo model can also be used to predict the current usage of the PZT which depends on the slew rate of the voltage applied to the PZT. Data from laboratory experiments using a load frame and free response tests is used to estimate the PZT model parameters. In addition, a simplified model of a modulated full bridge strain gauge is derived based on test data which includes the effect of intrinsic bridge imbalance. Sensors of this type are often used with feedback control to linearize the behavior of the device. Taken together, the actuator and sensor model can be used for the development of piezo actuated control algorithms.
Self-Learning Low-Level Controllers
Authors: Xuan Ba Dang , Bae Joonbum
Published: March 2021

Humanoid robots are complicated systems both in hardware and software designs. Furthermore, the robots normally work in unstructured environments at which unpredictable disturbances could degrade control performances of whole systems. As a result, simple yet effective controllers are favorite employed in low-level layers. Gain-learning algorithms applied to conventional control frameworks, such as Proportional-Integral-Derivative, Sliding-mode, and Backstepping controllers, could be reasonable solutions. The adaptation ability integrated is adopted to automatically tune proper control gains subject to the optimal control criterion both in transient and steady-state phases. The learning rules could be realized by using analytical nonlinear functions. Their effectiveness and feasibility are carefully discussed by theoretical proofs and experimental discussion.
The Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant
Authors: Papazovska Cherepnalkovski Anet , Pavlov Vesna , Furlan Ivanka , Bucat Marija
Published: March 2021

Extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW) are defined by birth weight of less than 1000 g and are frequently born at 27 weeks’ gestation (GW) or younger. The neonatologists’ efforts focused on improvement of intact survival rate, especially for those born at the frontiers of viability at 22/23 GW. Survival rates of >80% for the advanced gestations and > 50% for 23–24 GW have been reported. Higher gestational age and birth weight, female gender, better maternal education, and white race have been recognized as significant predictors of decreased morbidity in ELBW infants. Although the mortality rate has significantly contracted for this group with improved technology and better understanding of pathophysiology, the proportion of surviving infants without sequelae, has not improved as noticeably. We review the short and long-term morbidities in ELBW infants and compare own and literature data. We analyze some of the specific immediate problems for this group such as: respiratory problems, infection, thermoregulation, impaired glucose homeostasis and disturbed cardiovascular and excretory functions as well as late morbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, late-onset infections, central nervous system occurrences, retinopathy and anemia of prematurity. We also deal with preventive and therapeutic strategies for improved outcome in this sensitive group of patients.
The noun visilka: a semantic portrait and a sys­tem of multiple meanings (based on police search documentation of the second half of the 19th century)
Authors: Russu Ksenia R. , Melnik Yulia A.
Published: March 2021

his article is devoted to one of the important aspects of studying the Russian business language of the second half of the 19th century — the formation of the lexical meaning of the noun visilka (exile, expulsion), typical of the police procedure documentation of the time. The author discovered business texts of this type in the funds of the State Archive of the Tyumen region, the State Archive of the Omsk region, and the State Archive of the Irkutsk region. All texts date back to the late 19th century. The study of the lexeme visilka was conducted in ac­cordance with the lexicographic portraiture methodology (proposed by Apresyan and Mayorov) and the principles of linguistic study of source texts. A comprehensive analysis of the lexical distribution of the noun visilka determined the necessity of abstract or concrete-abstract vector locatives, which expanded the lexical meaning of this lexeme in the business texts of the second half of the 19th century. The authors identified the main semantic features of the noun visilka (the dominance of the archiseme — 'process', the existence of the differen­tial semes 'result', 'actions of people involved in a police search'). Further research is aimed at examining business writings from Western and Eastern Siberia, which belong to a different genre and a different time period. Further research will be based on the texts from the Nation­al Corpus of the Russian language, the Uppsala and Tyubinsk corpuses, the database of the Russian press Integrum and Open Corpus.
Examining dentists' attitudes about ethical principles in everyday practice
Authors: Šljivić Katarina , Nikolić Maja , Krunić Nebojša
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Patient care, knowledge of medical law and compliance with the law contribute to more efficient dealing with the ethical dilemmas often faced by today's dentists. Moreover, when it comes to determining 'the best' dental treatment, patients also play a certain role. The aim of the research was to examine the attitudes of Serbian dentists related to ethical dilemmas in everyday practice, so as to determine the factors that affect solving the dilemmas. Materials and methods: The paper was carried out as a cross-sectional study. The research included 88 respondents, 42 final year dentistry students at the Faculty of Medicine in Niš and the Faculty of Dentistry in Belgrade and 46 dentists from both private and state practice. The first part of the questionnaire included socio-demographic information on the respondents, and the second part consisted of 7 closed-ended questions about particular ethical dilemmas. Statistical analysis was done using Excel from Microsoft Office and SPSS, version 18.0. Results: There were no significant differences regarding the students and dentists' answers about individual ethical aspects, except for the domain of question 2b, whether the oral surgeon should have extracted both teeth on the patient's request, although the patient had a heart disease. A statistically significant difference was found (ch 2 =18,834, p<0,0001) regarding the dentists' answers in comparison with the students' answers. Conclusion: The knowledge about ethical principles of the majority of the respondents was satisfying. A smaller proportion of the respondents were not sufficiently aware of the importance of applying ethical principles in dental practice. Consequently, it is necessary to promote education programs about medical ethics for dentists and dentistry students.
Factors affecting development of depression in overfood and obesity people
Authors: Jandrić-Kočić Marijana
Published: March 2021

Objective. Overweight and obesity are accompanied by changes in a person's pathophysiology, somatic and aesthetic aspects, and often a strong unpleasant emotional component that results in the development of psychiatric disorders, primarily depression. Objective: The study aimed to examine the existence of a statistically significant association of sociodemographic factors and body mass index (BMI) with the intensity of depression in obese and overweight people. Methods. The study was performed as a cross-sectional study at the Health Center Krupa na Uni (Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) in the period from 01.12.2018. to 01.10.2019. The sample consisted of 90 overweight and obese individuals, 58 (64.4%) women and 32 (35.6%) men with a mean age of 55.0 ± 6.9 years. In addition to the general questionnaire, the study used Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). The chi-square test was used in the statistical analysis of the data. Results. Depression was found in 45 (50.0%) study participants (31.1% mild depression, 15.6% moderate depression, and 3.3% severe depression). There was a statistically significant higher intensity of depression in female subjects and body mass index ≥ 25. Conclusion. Female gender is an independent predictor of depression intensity in overweight and obese individuals. There is a strong correlation between body mass index and depression intensity. Level of education, place of residence and age are not consistent with the presence and severity of depression in overweight and obese individuals.
Investigation and comparison of G6PD enzyme screening test costs for all newborns with treatment costs of patients with favism admitted due to hemolysis
Authors: Sadinejad Morteza , Motevali Pour , Yousefian Saeed , Khah Roham
Published: March 2021

Objective. We compared the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency screening costs in neonates and treatment costs for patients with favism who were referred to the government hospitals of Isfahan with acute hemolysis. Methods. In this retrospective study, 116 patients with favism were selected, and their clinical data and treatment costs were recorded in Iranian Rials (IRR) and United States Dollars (USD). The costs of neonatal G6PD screening tests were estimated based on quantitative and qualitative screening kits by referring to each hospital's laboratories. Approximately 84760 births occurred in Isfahan province from October 2014 to October 2015. Results. Based on our results, 73 patients (62.9%) were males, and 43 of them (37.1%) were females. The causes for hemolysis were the consumption of broad beans in 78.4%, infection in 19.8%, and drugs (erythromycin and sodium cephalothin) in 1.7% of patients. The majority of patients (46.6%) received a single blood transfusion, and 18.9% received two or more transfusions, while 34.5% had received no blood transfusions. The mean and standard deviation of patients' medical expenses were 7,472,005±7,329,847 IRR (276.74±271.47 USD). The total cost of treatment for patients was 869,162,324 IRR (32,191.19 USD). The screening cost for all newborns from October 2014 to October 2015 with qualitative kits was 754,364,000 IRR (27,939.40 USD) and with the quantitative kits was 960,330,800 IRR (35,567.80 USD). Conclusion. The costs of the qualitative screening test for G6PD deficiency are lower than the costs of treatments of favism patients in Isfahan.
Correlation between laboratory parameters and COVID-19 treatment outcome
Authors: Radojević-Marjanović Ružica , Opančina Valentina , Krstić Kristijan , Janković Slobodan
Published: March 2021

Objective. The aim of this study was to explore the baseline characteristics and correlation of the C-reactive protein, D-dimer, Ferritin and human serum albumins, with the treatment outcome of COVID-19 infection. Methods. Our study was conducted in the Clinic for infectious diseases at the University Clinical Center Kragujevac during the time frame from November 1st 2020 to February 1st 2021. It was designed as case series and it included patients of age greater than 18 years and positive Polymerase Chain Reaction test or serological (antigen) test on SARS-COV-2 who were treated at our clinic. Results. A significant correlation was found between human serum albumins (g/L) with the outcome variable p=0.009, while correlation coefficient was 0.466. Furthermore, the lower level of albumins was significantly correlated with the intrahospital mortality, with p=0.007 and correlation coefficient 0.484. Conclusion. Our study results suggest that hypoalbuminemia could be possibly used as a significant prognostic factor for intrahospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.
High energy microwave weapon: Electromagnetic bomb
Authors: Banjac Goran , Đorđević Vladimir , Živković Miladin , Ferdjali Abdellah
Published: March 2021

Introduction/purpose: Technological progress has led to the actualization of the problem of construction and use of high-energy microwave weapons, especially electromagnetic bombs. However, in the recent military-professional literature, this issue is little represented. Methods: The available existing literature on the subject was analyzed. Results: It has been established that the general principles of functioning and theoretical bases have been widely available and known for many years. Numerous experiments in specialized institutions have confirmed the electromagnetic pulse effectiveness. This is especially true of sensitivity of devices based on semiconductor technology. Also, it is assumed that, at the current technological level, technical solutions are widely available to a large number of entities. The most common model of electromagnetic bomb dealt with in the literature is the realization of the use of a compression flux generator and an oscillator with a virtual cathode. According to the authors, this variant would ensure that the final product has realistic physical dimensions and sufficient strength to be useful. Another problem identified in the literature is the massive absence of adequate protection measures against the effects of electromagnetic pulses. This applies not only to the civilian but also to the military sector and imposes the need to invest significant resources in order to subsequently increase resilience. Conclusion: The available literature indicates that it is possible to make an electromagnetic bomb of acceptable physical dimensions and power. It is assumed that it would generate an electromagnetic pulse with a power of about 10 GW and a frequency of 5 GHz. In combination with high-precision weapons, even protected devices would be successfully disabled. The wide presence of semiconductor technology in all spheres of life makes this weapon extremely effective and it is realistic to expect its much wider application in the coming period.
Existence of a solution for a general order boundary value problem using the Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem
Authors: Fabiano Nicola , Parvaneh Vahid
Published: March 2021

Introduction/purpose: This paper illustrates the existence of a generic Green's function for a boundary value problem of arbitrary order that appears in many phenomena of heat convection, e.g. in the atmosphere, in the oceans, and on the Sun's surface. Methods: A fixed point theorem in the Leray-Schauder form has been used to establish the existence of a fixed point in the problem. Results: The existence of a solution has been shown for an arbitrary order of the problem. Some practical examples are proposed. Conclusions: The boundary problem has a solution for an arbitrary order n.
Spoofing in aviation: Security threats on GPS and ADS-B systems
Authors: Kožović Dejan , Đurđević Dragan
Published: March 2021

Introduction/purpose: The paper provides a review of recent research in the field of GPS and ADS-B spoofing. Systems that rely on satellite positioning technology can be targeted by spoofing in order to generate incorrect positioning/timing, which is accomplished by inserting false signals into the "victim's" receiver. Attackers try to insert false positioning information into systems that, for example, provide navigation of airplanes or drones for the purpose of hijacking or distracting security/safety in airspace surveillance. New concepts of navigation and ATC will thus be necessary. Methods: Using a scientific approach, the paper gives an evaluation of GPS and ADS-B spoofing/antispoofing and how spoofing affects the cyber security of aviation systems. Results: Based on the methodological analysis used, the importance of studying spoofing/anti-spoofing in aviation is shown. Conclusion: Although spoofing in aviation is only a potential threat, its technical feasibility is realistic and its potential is considerable; it becomes more flexible and cheaper due to very rapid advancement of SDR technologies. The real risk, in the time to come, are potential spoofing attacks that could occur from the air, using drones. However, aircraft systems are not exposed to spoofing without any defense; receivers can detect it by applying various anti-spufing techniques. Also, pilots are able to detect and solve problems at every stage of the flight. However, due to a possibility of more sophisticated spoofing attacks, international organizations such as ICAO are proactively working to increase GPS and ADS-B systems robustness on spoofing.
Carbonation of minerals and slags under high pressure in an autoclave
Authors: Matus Carlos , Stopić Srećko , Friedrich Bernd
Published: March 2021

Introduction/purpose: Carbonation of minerals (olivine and wollastonite) and secondary materials such as slag under high pressure in autoclaves has high importance due to environmetal problems. Methods: The most important for this process is to have a good knowledge of the behavior of carbon dioxide in water solution under high pressure, the precipitation of silica, dissolution of metals such as nickel and magnesium as well as subsequent filtration. Results: The carbonation process of olivine und slag under high pressure (from 40 to 80 bar) in an autoclave was successfully performed at 175°C, with and without additivies. Conclusion: A comparative analysis has confirmed better carbonation of slag (max. 300 kg/ton) in comparison to that of olivine (max. 70 kg/ton) under the same conditions.
Responsibility in the employment relationship: Distinctive features of disciplinary liability in the general and special employment relations regime
Authors: Kovačević-Perić Slobodanka
Published: March 2021

Establishing an employment relationship involves acquiring or assuming certain rights, duties and responsibilities for both parties in the employment relationship, in accordance with the law, the collective agreement, the employer's general administrative acts, and the employment contract. An employment relationship involves not only the parties' rights and duties but also their responsibility. Responsibility can be of legal and non-legal nature. Legal responsibility (liability) is of greater importance for the employees. On the whole, legal responsibility may be disciplinary, material, administrative (for misdemeanors), economic (for economic offenses) and criminal in nature. The subject matter of labour law includes only disciplinary and material liability of the employee, while other types of legal responsibility are the subject matter of other legal disciplines. Although the former labour legislation of the Republic of Serbia regulated the disciplinary liability of the employees in detail, such practice has been completely abandoned in the new Labour Act, which only regulates the summary dismissal procedure. Unlike the Labour Act, the Civil Servants Act contains numerous provisions on the disciplinary and material liability of civil servants. This Act also regulates procedural issues regarding the rules for initiating and conducting a disciplinary proceeding, entering disciplinary sanctions in or removing them from the personnel files, etc. In this paper, the author analyzes disciplinary liability by examining the specifics of substantive and procedural norms for establishing this form of liability in the general and special employment relations regime. From the aspect of the rule of law, the author provides a critical analysis of such legislative solutions and considers their legal justification.
Liability in the context of blockchain-smart contract nexus: Introductory considerations
Authors: Cvetković Predrag
Published: March 2021

Blockchain technology becomes relevant in economic exchange as it lowers costs and contributes to cost-efficiency and effectiveness of economic transactions. The key quality of Blockchain lies in ensuring the authenticity of digital data: trust in the traditional legal relationship has been replaced by digital verification of data in blocks. As an important phenomenon, Blockchain calls for legal answers on the issues arising from its application. An example of this development is the legal regime of smart contracts. A smart contract is a transaction in which any rights and obligations of the contracting parties are programmed in a code. Being the result of Blockchain technology application, such a contract implies the need for trust between the contracting parties. As a legal phenomenon, Blockchain (smart contract) technology raises the issue of liability for performing contractual obligations. Smart contracts can minimize certain contract risks and additionally simplify contract execution. They are immediately put into effect, without the need for any further interaction between the parties. The essential components of smart contracts are the digitally verifiable data and the automatic performance of legally relevant actions based on digitally received and processed information. All of the enlisted issues are important for proper understanding of liability of Blockchain actors.
The prohibition of abuse of rights in the Draft Civil Code of the Republic of Serbian
Authors: Rašević Živorad
Published: March 2021

This paper explores, explains and critically evaluates the legal provision on abuse of rights proposed in Article 20 of the Draft Civil Code of the Republic of Serbia. The author first briefly presents the institutional development and analyzes the contemporary theoretical dilemmas about the nature of this legal institute. Then, the author compares relevant Serbian and comparative law provisions de lege lata and de lege ferenda. Finally, the proposed legal solution is critically evaluated against the following criteria: its justification in the tradition of civil law doctrine and practice (case-law), adequacy in the development of modern civil law theory, envisaged content and information, and systemic and logical consistency. The research results expose the legislator's choice to formulate a new provision on the provision de lege lata, which is improved by introducing the concept of harm to others and subjective manifestations of abuse. This solution is criticised here for ommission to enumerate all abuse manifestations that have been recognized in civil law literature and case-law, as well as for the ommission to regulate this institute in compliance with modern approach based on the theory of internal limitations of subjective rights. Relying on the premises in the contemporary civil law literature, the author proposes a different provision de lege ferenda, which may more clearly express the nature of this institute and guide civil courts in the judicial interpretation and assessment of the consequences of the abuse of rights.
Evaluation of experimental and predicted vapor-liquid equilibrium data for systems relevant to biomass fast pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading
Authors: Paulechka Eugene , Diky Vladimir , Dutta Abhijit
Published: March 2021

The experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the binaries relevant to the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass have been collected and analyzed using the NIST-COSMO-SAC and NIST-modified UNIFAC models. The existing inconsistencies in the experimental data and the predicted values are discussed. For VLE with furan derivatives, PTxy data are normally reported, which are in good agreement with the predicted values. For phenolic compounds, the gas phase compositions are available for only 36 % of the points, most results originate from a few laboratories, and each system has been typically studied in a single laboratory. The binaries are identified where more experimental VLE data are required to evaluate quality of the existing experimental and predicted results.
NB-IoT Sensor Network for Obtaining the Input Data for Hydrological Simulation Model
Authors: Java Oskars , Sigajevs Aleksandrs , Binde Juris , Kepka Michal
Published: March 2021

The article describes the choice of appropriate network technology that provides sufficient coverage to allow the sensor network to be placed even in the remote and difficult to reach locations and the data to reach the cloud server. Further it describes the components of the sensor network, the operating principle, architecture and the processing of the data obtained to convert them into the input data used in the hydrological simulation model. The NB-IoT sensor network proposed by the authors would not only collect the data needed to operate hydrological simulation models, but, for example, could provide the data needed to forecast weather conditions, particularly if the architecture of this sensor network, because of its low cost, would be widely applied around the globe, joining a unified global sensor network.
Recent advances on geomorphology of the Gorce Mountains, the Outer Western Carpathians – state-of-the-art and future perspectives
Authors: Kroh Paweł , Pawlik Łukasz
Published: March 2021

The increase of geomorphological research during the last decades in the Gorce Mts. caused the need for state-of-art review papers. The Gorce Mountains were formed as an isolated massif with Mt Turbacz (1310 m a.s.l.) as the highest summit. River channels are remodeled by sudden and high-level floods with the critical impact of log jams. The main processes influencing hillslope relief were landsliding, run-off, and tree uprooting. The review suggests the following issues await for studies: a long-term landscape evolution, monitoring of morphogenetic processes, and origin of landslides with their contribution to denudation rates. Also, current biomorphodynamics (uprooting process) has not been sufficiently studied.
The localization of urban heat island in the Katowice conurbation (Poland) using the combination of land surface temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Normalized Difference Built-up Index
Authors: Nádudvari Ádám
Published: March 2021

The localization of Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) as a potential heat risk for the urban population was evaluated. The paper aimed to propose an approach to quantify and localize (SUHI) based on Landsat series TM, ETM+, OLI satellite imageries from the period 1996-2018 and recognize the Atmospheric Urban Heat Island (AUHI) effects from long term temperature measurements. Using the theoretical relation between the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the LST (Land Surface Temperature), SUHIintensity and SUHIrisk maps were created from the combination of LST, NDVI, NDBI using threshold values to localize urban heat island in the Katowice conurbation. Negative values of SUHI intensity characterize areas where there is no vegetation, highly built-up areas, and areas with high surface temperatures. The urban grow – revealed from SUHI – and global climate change are acting together to strengthen the global AUHI effect in the region as the temperature measurements were indicated.
L’engagement des cégépiens en contexte de migration pour études : une réciprocité incontournable
Authors: Mareschal Julie , Richard Éric
Published: March 2021

Chaque année, plusieurs jeunes Québécois quittent leur région pour entamer des études collégiales. La migration pour études, c’est-à-dire un déplacement à plus de 80 kilomètres de son milieu d’origine, touche environ 15 % de la population collégiale (Richard, 2017). Outre la transition entre le secondaire et les études supérieures, l’intégration aux études collégiales pose de nombreux défis pour ces jeunes : éloignement, adaptation à un nouveau milieu, nouvelles responsabilités (tâches ménagères, repas, budget, etc.) et dynamique relationnelle en mouvance. À partir d’entretiens effectués auprès de migrants pour études à propos de leur parcours, de leur motivation, de leurs difficultés et des stratégies déployées pour surmonter les défis rencontrés, ce texte explore le sens et les formes d’engagement associées à cette expérience. Ces différentes manifestations sont décrites à travers trois composantes associées à la notion d’engagement académique : cognitive, affective et sociorelationnelle. L’analyse montre que les manifestations d’engagement de ces cégépiens dépassent largement le pari de la réussite scolaire. Migrer pour ses études collégiales pousse l’individu à s’engager dans différentes sphères de sa vie : académique, professionnelle et citoyenne. Enfin, cet article ouvre également la réflexion sur le caractère réciproque de la notion d’engagement en abordant le rôle des cégeps dans le processus d’intégration de ces jeunes.
Le sens des processus d’engagement hors du champ politique chez les jeunes
Authors: Quéniart Anne
Published: March 2021

Dans ce texte, l’auteure revient sur deux des recherches qualitatives qu’elle a réalisées il y a quelques années, l’une qui comparait le parcours de vie et le sens donné à l’engagement de jeunes se définissant comme des consommateurs engagés à ceux de jeunes militant au sein de divers groupes ou associations et de partis politiques, l’autre qui analysait l’insertion de la pratique de don de sang dans la vie quotidienne des jeunes et analysait la convergence ou la concurrence entre des pratiques de don de sang et d’autres pratiques d’engagement civique chez les jeunes. En lien avec la réflexion amorcée lors du colloque de Baie-St-Paul de 2012 sur le processus d’engagement, elle y examine deux dimensions particulières de l’engagement : celle de la finalité de l’engagement de ces jeunes – pour quoi ou qui s’engagent-ils ? – et celle de la temporalité – comment s’insère l’engagement dans leur quotidien ? L’auteure montre que les processus d’engagement des jeunes sont fortement marqués par une porosité entre le privé et le public, les actes posés individuellement ayant toujours un sens et une portée collective. Les gestes de consommation responsable de même que le don de sang sont définis comme des actes de participation à la société, comme un « agir » pour changer les choses à leur échelle. Leurs pratiques individuelles sont également l’expression d’un souci de l’Autre, de son bien-être, que cet Autre soit lointain (producteurs du Sud) ou proche (petits commerçants, malades).
Le point de vue de jeunes autochtones en milieu urbain sur leur parcours scolaire
Authors: Blanchet-Cohen Natasha , Di Mambro Giulietta , Sioui Geneviève , Robert-Careau Flavie
Published: March 2021

Dans cet article, nous explorons le cheminement scolaire et les sources de soutien de jeunes atikamekw vivant en milieu urbain et fréquentant des écoles publiques. Des entrevues menées dans le contexte d’une recherche-action mettent en lumière des parcours scolaires non linéaires, caractérisés par de multiples transitions scolaires étant donné la mobilité entre la communauté et la ville des familles autochtones. L’étude démontre que le milieu scolaire est souvent vécu comme une source de démotivation par les jeunes atikamekw de la ville de Joliette, surtout quand ils sont dirigés vers des classements en cheminement particulier au secondaire ou lorsqu’ils vivent de la discrimination. À la maison, on valorise l’assiduité à l’école, mais le sentiment des familles envers le milieu scolaire demeure ambivalent. Les pairs jouent un rôle variable : ils peuvent être tantôt des soutiens, tantôt des influences démotivantes. En trame de fond, la culture atikamekw est un élément prisé par les jeunes. Ils cherchent à la connaitre et à alimenter leur autochtonie à travers le partage relationnel au sein du groupe d’appartenance et d’un rassemblement collectif soutenu par un Centre d’amitié. Les jeunes naviguent et négocient dans un contexte complexe où la culture et les attentes familiales et scolaires sont parfois difficilement conciliables. Ainsi, leur agencéité s’exprime autant par le choix de rester à l’école que celui, parfois, de la quitter. Notre étude soulève le besoin de revoir l’approche dominante au « décrochage » scolaire et d’élargir la réflexion au-delà d’une problématique individuelle.
Humiliation, responsabilisation et moralisation dans les discours sur le partage d’images intimes chez les jeunes
Authors: Mercier Élisabeth
Published: March 2021

Cet article porte sur les discours entourant le partage, consensuel ou non, d’images à caractère sexuel (sextage, porno revancharde) chez les jeunes. Ce phénomène suscite inquiétude et indignation à l’heure actuelle et fait l’objet d’une couverture médiatique intense, de campagnes de prévention et de mesures législatives spécifiques au Québec et ailleurs en Occident. L’article présente les résultats d’une analyse critique des discours médiatiques et légaux qui produisent le partage d’images intimes chez les jeunes comme un problème public nécessitant des solutions. Les documents soumis à l’analyse proviennent des articles et des reportages publiés dans la presse écrite francophone ainsi que des principales mesures de prévention mises en place au courant de l’année 2017 au Québec. Réalisée à partir d'un cadre théorique féministe dit sexe-positif, l'analyse montre comment les discours à l'égard du partage d'images intimes chez les jeunes reproduisent les normes conventionnelles de la sexualité et le double standard qu'elles supportent. Notamment, ces discours produisent le partage d’images intimes comme une pratique foncièrement malsaine et dangereuse, surtout pour les jeunes filles. Conséquemment, la majorité des mesures proposées ciblent d’abord les filles qui sont invitées à se responsabiliser et se soucier d’elles-mêmes afin d’éviter les risques liés au partage d’images intimes, à commencer par celui de leur humiliation sexuelle (slut-shaming).
Les initiations sexuelles de jeunes Dakarois : mises en scène viriles et hiérarchies masculines
Authors: Faynot Nicolas
Published: March 2021

Cet article a trait aux manières dont de jeunes hommes dakarois mobilisent des contenus pédagogiques pour se former aux questions sexuelles. Il s’agira de montrer que les espaces de réunions entre groupes de pairs masculins peuvent être perçus comme des lieux d’apprentissages et d’initiation à la sexualité hétérosexuelle. Or, ce sont aussi des cadres de rivalités qui se focalisent autour de certaines compétences et de passifs sexuels considérés comme l’apanage d’une masculinité conquérante. La mise en récit de leurs expériences permet de comprendre sur quelles bases sont pensées les hiérarchies qui se mettent en place entre les membres du groupe. Si le passif relationnel et sexuel s’avère être au centre de ces jugements honorifiques, la perte de virginité de ces jeunes hommes semble symboliquement le critère initiatique par excellence de l’accès à une respectabilité. Les mécanismes et le contexte d’entrée dans la sexualité contribuent alors à réaffirmer des rapports de pouvoir entre hommes et femmes, mais aussi entre hommes. La perte de virginité des hommes peut alors être pensée comme un marqueur initiatique qui s’incarne dans ce cadre hétéronormatif.