bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentrations Assessment Of Radon Gas and Some Radioactive Nuclei For Some Region In Basra Governorate By CR-39 Detector
Authors: Hadi Al–Sadi Mohammed Abdul Kadhim , Altbtbiey Dhay Alaa
Published: May 2021

In this work, eighteen samples were studied distributed over different sites in Basra Governorate from southern Iraq. The CR- 39 nuclear trace detector technique was used to reach the results, which showed us, the radium concentrations ranged between (18.52 - 2.169) Becquerel / kg, the environmental factors such as rain, dust and weather erosion have led to a decrease in radium concentrations in these areas which fell within the permissible range of 33 Becquerel / kg. The concentrations of uranium in the samples under study ranged from 0.2622 ppm to 2.239 ppm, is higher than the natural limit of the background radiation (0.2 - 1.2) ppm, which indicates that radioactive pollution has entered the Iraqi environment. As well as, we find that the concentration of Radon The samples have risen by twenty times the normal limit in some samples, which indicates the danger of dealing with the polluted southern environment of Iraq.
Assessment of Aerodynamic Roughness Length Using Remotely Sensed Land Cover Features and MODIS
Authors: Abbas Malik Rashid , Bin Rasib Abd Wahid , Abbas Talib Rashid , Ahmad Baharin Bin , Dutsenwai Hafsat S.
Published: May 2021

Wind speed profile has a significant role in environmental transport phenomena whereby Roughness length is a governing factor that determines wind speed profile. Normally, relatively crude estimates of roughness length are used in global climate models based on constant values for each specific land cover category. However, a significant variation may exist within any one of these land cover categories. For this reason, it is necessary to derive detailed roughness length distribution over areas under consideration. Satellite observations can be used to assess the details of roughness length distribution. The aim of the present study was to develop method for roughness length assessment based on remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and landscape images for the entire Iraq area. The NDVI was generated using MODIS data (MOD13Q1) at 250 m resolution acquired on 23th April 2015 for whole Iraq. And the landscape images were classified based on land use and land cover (LU/LC) that relates general classes of LU/LC and values of roughness length coefficient. Taking into consideration a specific range of NDVI values of each landscape category, a correlation analysis was used to determine the aerodynamic roughness between the values of (NDVI) and the aerodynamic roughness based on the European Wind Atlas classification and the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. A quantitative relationship was set up to retrieve the aerodynamic roughness length from MODIS data (MOD13Q1) where R2 = 0.96. Experiments prove that the proposed methodology can provide accurate roughness length estimations for the spatial and temporal analysis of land surface. The findings of this study will enhance sustainability in Iraq and many other regions of the world, thus, supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through the establishment of wind farms especially in countries with coastal areas that can serve as a major source of the national electricity.
Antimicrobial activity of garlic and Pomegranate Peel extracts against some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Al-Defiery M E , Al-Muttairi A K , Saeed H H , Hadi R K
Published: May 2021

The extracts of garlic and pomegranate peel were used against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii.

The aqueous extracts of garlic and pomegranate peel were prepared and tested in vitro for evaluation antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method. The antibiotics (imipenem, augmentin, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, amikacin, gentamycin, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, piperacillin) susceptibility were examined against tested bacteria by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

The results revealed the inhibitory effect of extracts of garlic and pomegranate peel against the isolated bacteria. The inhibition zones caused by the garlic extracts were much higher than pomegranate peel that indicated the potency of the active components in garlic. The antibiotics activity test exhibited these bacteria were susceptible to antibiotics imipenem and resistant to augmentin and ceftriaxone. Whereas, the Klebsiella pneumoniae was more resistant to antibiotics than other tested bacteria. The present study indicated that the plant extract has very important role for prevention pathogenic bacteria and can be used for control causative agent.
Antibiotics susceptibility on Salmonella typhi isolates from typhoid fever patients
Authors: Hassan Alhayli Hadeel A. , Al-Thahab Azhar
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted in Babylon province in the period from January 2019 to April 2019. Patients were randomly selected from Al-Musayyib General Hospital and Marjan Medical city,a clinics and laboratories in the Musayyib of Babylon province for patients suspected of typhoid fever, according to the diagnosis of the specialist physician.The result of the study showed some of the samples that have been culture were negative result, while the sample which gave a positive result for Salmonella typhi isolates were25 isolates as the ratio from blood sample 20 ( 13.3 % ), the rates of urine culture was 1 isolate ( 1.04%) while the rate of stool culture was 4( 11.7 % ).

This study was proceed to show and compare the effect of many antibiotics with different mechanism of action and different families on the bacterial isolates of Salmonella
typhi, the result show the most powerful effect of antibiotic is for imipenm which have strong sensitivity to this microorganism with the least bacterial resistance of 16 % percentage.

The amikacin, chloramphphinicol and azithromycin show great bacterial sensitivity with low bacterial resistance percentage as 24, 28, 28 respectively, in another hand of cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, tetracycline and trimethoprim / sulphaethoxazole are show very low bacterial sensitivity with great bacterial resistance as 96%, 92%, 88%, 84%,68 %, 56% respectively.Also all bacterial isolates were MDRTF characterized by resistance too at least one agent in three or more antibiotic categories
Effect of Nitrogen Oxides on Shortwave Solar Radiation in Atmosphere for Selected Iraqi Stations
Authors: Al-Amery Hussein A. , Al-Taai Osama T.
Published: May 2021

It is known that the incoming solar radiation is subject to interaction with the components of the Earth’s atmosphere. This reaction is expressed by the mechanisms of absorption, scattering and reflection. The occurrence of each mechanism depends on the size of the particles in relation to the wavelength of the incoming radiation. The study of the interaction of solar radiation with atmospheric components, including aerosols, has attracted long scientific interest; this interaction is associated with climate change issues. Among the components in the atmosphere, attention was paid to human-derived nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the troposphere, as it was found that anthropogenic aerosols play an important role in its interaction with incoming solar radiation. For this reason, the behavior Nitrogen Oxides gas has been studied with the elements of solar radiation to know the effect of Nitrogen Oxides gas on shortwave solar radiation (Surface net solar radiation (SSR) Surface net solar radiation, clear sky (SSRC) Surface solar radiation downwards (SSRD) TOA incident solar radiation (TISR) Top net solar radiation (TSR)) by using data the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as the monthly mean at the time (12:00 pm) for ten years (2009 - 2018) over selected stations in Iraq (Mosul, Baghdad, Basra).
Total Ozone Column Variability of Selected Stations over Iraq
Authors: Khalaf Iqbal , Taweek Yasmin Q. , Naïf Salwa S. , Al-Taai Osama T.
Published: May 2021

This study aims to know the annual, monthly, and daily changes of total ozone in some selected stations in Iraq (Baghdad, Mosul, and Basra). The data presented from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) for the period (2003-2015) were used to study the total ozone column. It was found that the total ozone column has temporal variation. As for the annual and daily changes. In the annual changes, we find that the tendency has negative value in both the station (Mosul and Baghdad) by (-0.606 and -0.459) DU with maximum annual mean value was (330.13) DU in Mosul station, while the amount of the tendency is a positive value by (0.115) and the minimum annual mean value was (292.74) DU in Basra station, and the same is the case for the daily change has a value negative (-3.88—-0.699) for each Mosul and Baghdad stations and positive (1.902) for Basra station. The monthly total ozone varied between a maximum value in spring of (353 and 344) DU - (334and321) DU in the station (Mosul and Baghdad) respectively, while the maximum value of total ozone varied between (304 and 313) DU in the summer about the station Basra.
Sustainable development - A study of its goals, dimensions and methods of achieving-
Authors: Al-Taai S.
Published: May 2021

A large number of researchers have been interested in studying sustainable development, its concept, importance, dimensions and objectives due to its great impact in bringing about radical changes in the human society in its various aspects, and the great importance it constitutes in various human and scientific sciences. The research addressed the study of the stages of development of the concept of sustainable development, the most important characteristics, advantages, goals, and dimensions of which it was characterized by the human being one of its most important goals and focus of attention in order to achieve prosperity, justice and equality and make him able to face life and the changes that occur around him positively and effectively with concern for the environment and keeping pace with technological development and rejecting poverty and unemployment. The research pointed to the most important indicators of sustainable development in various aspects, and the most important areas of sustainable development such as food, health, poverty and others, as it deals with natural resources as limited resources, and the research discussed the most prominent factors that affect the achievement of its goals and constitute a major obstacle to it, as well as the most prominent methods of achieving sustainable development. The reality of local and international sustainable development is one of the most important topics discussed in the research, as well as the need to achieve integration, incorporation and cohesion between sustainable and human development.
Application of the CCME water quality index to evaluate the groundwater quality of shouira village for drinking and domestic purposes in Nineveh governorate
Authors: Sabry Al-Mashhadany Mohammed Hazim
Published: May 2021

In this research, the Water Quality Index (CCME) was used to determine groundwater suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. in the village of Shouira in Talafar district, northwest of Nineveh Governorate. This was carried out by subjecting 50 samples of groundwater to biological and chemical analysis. These parameters include pH, TDS, O2, T.A, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, PO4, SO4, TPC, and F. Colif. The results show that groundwater is not suitable for drinking. It was found that the low value of CCME, which ranged between (17.9 - 32.7), is mainly due to the high value of most of the values of the measured parameters and the low oxygen values.
A New Visible Spectrophotometric Approach for Mutual Determination of Allopurinol drug in Pharmaceuticals after Cloud Point Extraction
Authors: Hassan Sahar Sabeeh , Shaheed Ihsan Mahdi , Mohammed Noor Jamal , Dhahir Saadiyah Ahmed
Published: May 2021

A new spectrophotometric methodology for allopurinol (ALLO) drug determination in pharmaceuticals was a proved. The method is based on formation of allopurinol-CoII complex in alkaline medium. A non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 was used for the extraction of this complex at 586 nm. High extraction for complex was maintained under optimized conditions. The linearity was performed form (5.0-35.0) μg mL-1 with correlation coefficient (R2=0.9995). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.393 and 1.308μg mL-1, respectively. This new method was applied successfully for allopurinol determination in pharmaceuticals and maintained acceptable accuracy and precision.
Analysis of the slopes of Jambour Anticline in Kirkuk and its Effect on Soil Formation using Remote Sensing (RS) Data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Authors: Kamil Ali M. , Al-Ibadi Zahraa M.A. , Al-Hammadani Rasha A.K.
Published: May 2021

The area slope was studied according to several classifications and the matching, as well as studying the direction of the slope, the study found the direction south-east and south is prevalent in the region, because of the origin of tectonic processes, responsible for the emergence of the Jampour Anticline and the slope receding, it appears that most of the slopes in the region correspond to the directions of the river valleys, these slopes increased the speed of efficacy of riverine operations, resulting in an increase in the movement of surface materials. The shadow of the hills was also analyzed, and medium shade areas came first, followed by many shade areas, as well as studying the degree of curvature, it was found that straight, flat shapes outnumber convex and concave shapes if they reached 42.5%.

The soil of the area was also studied according to Al-Ta‘i’s classification, the area soil was cultivated according to its potential for agriculture and grazing, the soil will be good for grazing, animals and forests grow due to water and wind erosion.
Measurement of uranium concentrations in tap water samples collected from Muthanna governorate, Iraq using nuclear track detector CR-39
Authors: Al-Zaalimiu Tuqa H. , Al-Hamzawi Anees A.
Published: May 2021

In the current study, uranium concentrations were measured in tap water samples collected from selected regions in Muthanna governorate southern Iraq. Fission track analysis technique with alpha track detector (CR-39) has been applied to determine the uranium content. The results of this experimental investigation showed that the highest value of uranium concentration in tap water samples was 4.05 ± 0.16 μg/l found in Al-Hassan district, while the lowest value was 2.02 ± 0.13 μg/l found in Al-Mualimin district. The average value of uranium content in tap water samples was 3.01 ± 0.15 μg/l. The results of the uranium content were compared with the published data and they were found to be within the safety levels.
Effect of irrigation level and nitrogen fertilizer on water consumption and faba bean growth
Authors: Ali Zaid A. , Hassan Diaa F. , Mohammed Rafal J.
Published: May 2021

A field experiment was conducted in Babil governorate to find out the effect of water tightening with different irrigation levels and fertilization with different urea levels on water consumption of pests and some of its characteristics. Agricultural land was selected and prepared for cultivation and the field was divided. It was treated with three levels of irrigation, which are (30, 50, 70) % of the ready water, and three levels of urea, which are (0, 50, 100) kg urea.

After the end of the experiment, the actual water consumption, the reference water consumption and the yield factor were calculated. The water consumption was (562, 482, 382) mm for each of the levels of irrigation (30, 50, 70)% of the prepared water, respectively.

As for the characteristics of the plant, it was found that the best treatment that achieved good productive and vegetative characteristics is the treatment of depletion of 30% and the level of urea 100 kg, as the values reached (75.3, 83.2, 20, 5284) for each of the plant height, dry weight, number of branches and seed yield respectively.. The water stress reduces plant productivity due to water stress, as well as the high level of urea, which helped improve plant properties.
Study of certain heavy metals with potential human health effects
Authors: Hassan Hassan Abdullah
Published: May 2021

Heavy metals influence the human body directly or indirectly. Some of these heavy metals including Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn have functional roles that are important for the body’s various physiological and biochemical activities. But, several of these heavy metals, at high-dose, could be dangerous to the body. While, others like Cd, Pb, and Cr in minute amounts have harmful effects in the body that cause acute and chronic toxicity in humans. Unmonitored drainage processes in Iraqi rivers have been identified as this river is considered to be the main source of drinking water in Al-Abasia City; hence, the present study aims to detect levels of some heavy metals in the Al-Abasia River. The current study indicates that the highest concentrations of the heavy metals were recorded during winter, while the lowest values were reported during summer, except Pb, Fe, and Co. All heavy metals exceeded Iraqi freshwater content limits, excluding Cu, and Fe.
The Effect of Eggshell Organic Fertilizer on Vegetative Growth of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L)
Authors: Anugrah Robert Devi , Rafvenia  , Meitiyani  , Safahi Luthpi
Published: May 2021

The large demand for cayenne pepper makes farmers need to make efforts to increase crop production by increasing the efficiency of using fertilizers. The alternative fertilizer comes from household waste, namely egg shells. This study aims to determine the effect of eggshell organic fertilizer on vegetative growth of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescensL.). The research method used was an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were P0 (control), P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 respectively, the treatment of eggshell organic fertilizer with a dose of 0; 45; 60; 75; 90; and 105 g. The treatments were given 3 days after transplanting and harvesting the plants 35 days after transplanting. Data for each parameter was tested for normality, homogeneity test, and analyzed by 1 factor ANOVA. Furthermore, the LSD test was carried out to determine the difference in effect between treatments. The best application of eggshell organic fertilizer was P4 treatment for parameters of root length and plant wet weight, respectively, 20.10 cm and 17.96 g, and P5 treatment for parameters of plant height and plant dry weight, respectively 54.80 cm and 3.00 g. The percentage of root length and wet weight of P4 treatment plants to control were 130.52% and 269.67%, respectively, while the percentage of plant height and dry weight of P5 treatment plants to control were 139.79% and 282.49%, respectively. The application of eggshell organic fertilizer can increase the vegetative growth of cayenne pepper.
Spray Drying of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Powder: Effect of Shelf Life on Physicochemical Properties and Cyanidin 3-O—glucoside
Authors: Nur Fitriani UA , Yusuf Muhammad , Ilyas Fika Soleha
Published: May 2021

The effects of inlet temperatures of 120 and 150°C and shelf life levels at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days in temperature 30°C on the physicochemical properties, anthocyanin and Cyanidin 3-O—glucoside of spray-dried rosella powder were studied. A study was conducted using Armfield spray dryer FT30MKII to produce spray-dried rosella powders using 10% maltodextrin concentrations as the encapsulating agent. Moisture content, water activity, and solubility of powder were significantly affected by inlet temperature. However, an increase in the level of inlet temperature did not substantially affect the L*, a*, b*, hue, and chroma values. An increase in drying temperature decreased the anthocyanin and Cyanidin 3-O—glucoside activity of the powder.
Sustainability Level of Aquaculture Utilization and Its Management Strategy In Conservation Areas Regional Water (KKPD) Biak Numfor District, Papua
Authors: Sutaman
Published: May 2021

One of the uses that can be pursued in marine conservation areas (KKPD) is aquaculture. This is because aquaculture is one of the leading sectors and is the basis of Indonesian marine and fisheries production. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sustainability of aquaculture utilization in the Biak Numfor District Marine Conservation Area (KKPD). The data analysis method uses the approach of sustainability analysis carried out by the MDS method (Multi Dimensional Scaling) with the help of Rapfish software. Rapfish (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries). The results showed that the analysis of Rapfish for the direction of the utilization of aquaculture obtained an ordination value of 44.80% or classified as less sustainable. Analysis results leverage for the direction of the utilization of aquaculture, it is found that there are 3 (three) attributes which are the most important indicators of sustainability from various other attributes, namely; cultivation technology (RMS = 8.81), number of business units (RMS = 7.00%), fish species and species (RMS = 6.85). The status of unsustainable aquaculture development in the KKPD is still ecologically profitable, However, economically, the contribution of the aquaculture sector has not been felt by the community.
Specific Immunomodulatory Effect of Water Extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis herbs
Authors: Vikasari Suci Nar , Wahyuningsih Sri , Sutjiatmo Afifah Bambang , Razaq Abdul
Published: May 2021

Immunomodulators can alter immune system and work specifically and non-specific. TraditionallyStachytarpetha jamaicensisherbs is used to modulate immune system. This study aims to determine the humoral and cellular immune system activity of water extract ofS. jamaicensisherb through hemagglutination antibody titer test and delayed type hypersensitivity tests in mice. The extract was made by boiling in distilled water. The doses of the extract were 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw and zymosan 10 mg/kg bw ip were used as a comparison. The parameter measured in the hemagglutination antibody titer test was the hemagglutination antibody titer value and lymphocyte count, while the parameters in the delayed type hypersensitivity test are the thickness of the hind footpad, percent inhibition of delayed type hypersensitivity response and and lymphocyte count. Test results showed extracts at dose of 50 mg/kg bw gave hemagglutination antibody titer value lower than control group, but the extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg bw produced antibody titer values higher than control group (p < 0.05). The extracts at all doses could inhibit the increasing of hind footpad thickness compared to control group (p < 0.05). The result also showed that there was increasing lymphocyte count compared to control group. It can be concluded that water extracts can affect humoral and cellular immune systems.
Zebrafish Embryos Immune System induction with BSA as an initial Screening model for Covid-19 Treatment
Authors: Widatama Dita Arya , Retnoaji Bambang
Published: May 2021

The early phase of embryonic development involves a lot of signaling and growth factor proteins that will influence the interactions among cells. Administration of BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) at the beginning of embryo development can interferes organogenesis and causing abnormalities in embryo development. Administrations of BSA were expected to induce responses of the immune system, which be hoped mimicking the stress on immune system caused by infection such as of covid-19. This study aimed to screen the right BSA dose to influence the zebrafish immune system as model animal further study for covid-19 treatment. This research was conducted in the Laboratory of Animal Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Eggs were immersed in 1%, 2.5% and 5% of BSA for imemersed in 1 hours and 5 hours repeated 3 times. The Parameter of the study were embryo survivalability rate, morphology, and physiological performance of contraction muscle per minutes and also heart rate per minutes. The data obtained were tested by ANOVA and DMRT test with a confidence level of 95%. The result showed BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) 1% and 5% has significant effect on normal development and organ function of zebrafish embryos, such as muscle contraction and heart rate of the embryos, as conclusion 1% BSA dose is the most effective responses to induce immune system as model animal further study for covid-19 treatment.
The Characteristic of Gelatin Extracted from The Skin of Adult and Sub-Adult Striped Catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) Using Acid-Base Pretreatment: pH and FTIR
Authors: Hidayati Dewi , Sabiyla Gina R. , Prasetyo Endry N. , Sa’adah Noor Nailis , Kurniawan Fredy
Published: May 2021

The gelatin is the biomaterial that produced by collagen denaturation. The age of animal was reported influences the collagen crosslinks which by that contribute to the gelatin quality. The aims of this study were to determine the characteristics of gelatin that extracted from the skin of adult and sub adult striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) using acid-base pre-treatment based on pH and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) analysis. The gelatine were extracted from striped catfish skins of adult fish (total body length or TBL = 48.6 ± 1.9 cm) and sub-adult (TBL = 38.9 ± 0.5 cm) using acid-base pre-treatment (CH3COOH and NaOH solution). The pre-treated skin was washed with tap water until neutral. Finally, the swollen skin was mixed with sterile water at a ratio 1/10 (w/v) and extracted using water bath at 40-70 °C for 60 minutes. In general, the pre-treated acid-base of adult and sub adult fish skin resulted the neutral pH gelatin. The FTIR spectra analysis of gelatin from adult and sub adult striped catfish skin exhibited the similar of wavenumbers included amide A, B, I, II, and III region. In both striped catfish skin gelatin adult and sub-adult were shown the functional groups of O-H, C-H, N-H, C = O, C = N, C = C, and N = O.
Mapping of Coastal Sedimentation using Landsat Satellite Image and Bathymetry Map (Case study: Batu Gong Coastal, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Authors: Golok Jaya Laode Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Sedimentation in coastal areas poses a threat to the sustainability of coastal ecosystems. Besides damaging coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs, sedimentation also reduces the quality of the beach as a tourist area. This is economically detrimental. This study aims to monitor and map sedimentation in coastal areas through physical interpretation based on Landsat satellite imagery data and bathymetry maps. Landsat 2003 image was used in this study and bathymetry map was coming from geological map. Band intensity is used to magnify the water column. Image processing shows the intensity of each band can be used to interpret land cover, but the blue channel can penetrate the water column deeper than the other channels. The result of the research was ensuring that the sediment would be deposited due to the gravel size and the current speed. Both of 12 cm/sec and 25 cm/sec current speed do not have enough energy to disperse the sediment which consists of gravel with 2 mm in diameter. Since the river discharged the coast continuously and the sediment deposited into the seabed then it would be accumulated. The accumulation of sediment in the study area was interpreted by the thickness of the sediment overlay with the bathymetry map.
Analysis of Changes in Health of Coastal Mangrove Forest on the East Coast of Lampung
Authors: Ardiansyah Ferdy , Safe’i Rahmat
Published: May 2021

The mangrove forest is a forest ecosystem that supports life for the surrounding ecosystem. However, the area of mangrove forests is decreasing. It is recorded that up to 2016, there is only 2.9 million hectares of mangrove forests in Indonesia. Mangrove forests’ existence needs to be maintained in the surrounding ecosystem. One of the efforts to protect the mangrove forest ecosystem is to see changes in mangrove forest health. This effort can be used as the basis for sustainable mangrove forest management—this research’s purpose—this the real aim of mangrove forests on the east coast of Lampung. The study was conducted at three locations on the east coast of Lampung (Pasir Sakti District, Labuhan Maringgai District, and Way Kambas National Park). The method used was the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM). The results showed that mangrove forests’ health value on the east coast of Lampung had positively changed except for cluster plots 2 and 3. The health of mangrove forests on the east coast of Lampung has increased the forest’s health value. The increase in forest health value is influenced by factors from the indicators used, especially vitality.
Bontomarannu Education Park Reviewed from Conservation, Social, and Environmental Aspects
Authors: Rismawati  , Syahribulan  , Santosa Slamet
Published: May 2021

The Animal park considers have many functions where these can be categorized into conservation, social, and environmental aspects. This study was undertaken in Bontomarannu education park (BEP) is located in Sokkolia Village, Gowa regency. This study assesses the potential of BEP based on conservation, social, and environment aspect as well as determine the potency classification of BEP. The methods used are literature studies, interviews, and field observations. The results revealed that the animal conservation aspect (26,89) and the environment aspect (8,16) played a lesser potency than did the social factor (25,71). The findings indicate that BEP from all aspects had average potential category was at 60,76. All aspects still need to be improved. However, animal conservation and environmental aspects need to get priority in management because they are considered moderate and slight potential, respectively. Meanwhile, the social aspect that focuses on education, research, and recreation has good potential. Implications for management to improve in each aspect. In the conservation, is animal welfare, while in the social aspect, BEP needs to complete the information board on each existing cage, and in the environmental aspect it is necessary to add variety in vegetation to maximize comfort for both animals and visitors.
Collaborative Model to Increase Empowerment of Dryland Farmer (Case Study West Halmahera District, North Maluku Province)
Authors: Aminah Sitti
Published: May 2021

Agricultural development policy focused on irrigated paddy fields (which are found mostly on Java Island), has abandoned the development of dryland agriculture, particularly the empowerment of dryland farmers. The study aimed to describe characteristics of dryland farmers and their access to environmental resources, therefore developing a collaborative model to increase dry lands farmer empowerment. The study was designed as a quantitative method and used descriptive explanatory. Data collection was carried out by survey methods and the analysis technique used descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that the characteristics of dryland farmers have productive age, having low education, but have long experience in farming is more than 14 years, also have a large area of land and an average income of farmer more than the average national and the number of family members is more than four. Farmers’ access to environmental resources is a low category, namely access to production inputs and agricultural equipment, capital supporting and financial facilities, marketing, infrastructure, and transportation, as well as the availability of agricultural information and innovation sources. A collaborative empowering model was proposed to increase farmer empowerment. The collaboration model involved multi-stakeholders.
Amphibian Diversity (Order Anura) in Bogor, Indonesia Amphibian Diversity in Cimisblung Bogor West Java
Authors: Dharma Agus Pambudi , Saputra Apriyanto , Kartika Eka
Published: May 2021

Amphibians play a vital role as bio indicators of environmental health. This study aims to calculate the diversity of species, the abundance and the evenness of amphibians in the area of Cimisblung Resort Cisarua, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP). Visual Encounter Surveys method was used to determine the species richness of the area, to compile a species list and to estimate the relative abundance of species, by observing the trunks of bush trees in the Cimisblung River flow. Data analysis used Species Diversity Index, Species Evenness Index, Species Abundance Index and Dominance Index. The results showed that the frogs obtained in the Cimisblung area were 151 individuals, 13 species from 5 families, the diversity index (Shannon-Wiener) showed that in the Cimisblung River H’ = 1.780 the evenness index for species E = 0.694 and the dominance index D = 0.286. Amphibian diversity (Order Anura) in the Cimisblung region is moderate.
Success Rate Of Mangrove Crab (Scylla Serrata) Molting With Different Salinity Treatments In Controlled Containers
Authors: Suyono
Published: May 2021

Market demand for mud crab (Scylla serrata) is increasing so that its catch in nature is high in the long term. The growth of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) occurs through molting (molting) mechanisms. Softshell crab has a higher economic value than hard shell crab. The purpose of this study was to assess the molting rate of mud crab (Scylla serrata) with different salinity treatments in controlled containers. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments of 20 ppt, 25 ppt, and 30 ppt salinity with three replications. The crabs used are mud crabs (Scylla serrata) measuring 80-175 grams with the carapace still hard. The test parameters include the weight gain and absolute length of the individual, daily growth rate, molting percentage, and survival and mortality rates. Besides, the chemical-chemical parameters of the culture media water and the effectiveness of using controlled containers were also observed. The research data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The difference in treatment and the use of controlled containers had a significant effect on the 95% significance level (α = 0.05) on all parameters of the response to treatment. Absolute individual weight values 40.6 – 47.41 grams, absolute individual length 2.6 – 3.2 cm, molting percentage 75 – 100%, daily growth rate 1.3 – 1.6 grams, 75 – 100% survival and mortality of mud crab (Scylla serrata) 25-16.7%. Optimal salinity level at 20 ppt. Water quality parameters during the study were still feasible for mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) cultivation. Controlled containers using a water rotation system are quite effective for the cultivation of mud crab (Scylla serrata).
Assessment of Spring Water Quality Affected by Agricultural and Human Activities in Bali Island
Authors: Gusti Ngurah Agung Suryaputra I , Wayan Yudi Artawan I , Oviantari Made Vivi
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the water quality of Tirta Sanjiwani Spring at Banjar Gunung Kangin, Bangli Village, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia based on physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters; and to determine water quality index and its criteria. Results showed that temperature, turbidity, and nitrate concentration were acceptable, according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 429 / MENKES / PER / IV / 2010. However, pH was below the limit and fecal coliform exceeded the minimum acceptable level. Total dissolved solid (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and phosphate concentration were also acceptable; however, pH in the source of the spring and reservoir were below the limit. Meanwhile, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and fecal coliform of the water from fountain were over the limit according to the Governor of Bali Regulation No. 8 / 2007. Water quality index of Tirta Sanjiwani Spring was between 52.89-55.76 and classified as moderate quality based on NSF-WQI suggested that water treatment was necessary before using it as drinking water.
Extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. heartwood as food treatment anti-diabetic: a narrative review
Authors: Muti A F , Pradana D L C , Rahmi E P
Published: May 2021

Controlling blood glucose levels is the main purpose of diabetes treatment because it can reduce health complications and death. The Diabetes Commission of the World Health Organization has made recommendations for further research on the use of herbs as a treatment for diabetes. Caesalpinia sappan L. (CS) is a medicinal plant that has been used traditionally for diabetes management. This review aims to provide the existing literature published during the period of 2000-2020 on the potency of CS heartwood as an anti-diabetic agent. Overall, some in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that CS heartwood extract can reduce blood glucose levels, however the numbers are still limited. Interestingly, this review provides the evidence that CS heartwood has its potential to be developed and used as an anti-diabetic agent in the future.
The effect of Indonesian honey Tetragonula sp. and Indonesian royal jelly Apis mellifera (Ceiba pentandra) to human preputium cell proliferation in serum-free DMEM
Authors: Fachrani Q S , Dhifanra M A , Nugraha Y , Yulianti R , Sahlan M , Pambudi S , Nurhasanah A , Pramono A
Published: May 2021

Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is widely used for cell culture media, especially its function as a growth supplement with high growth-promoting factors. An optimal culture medium is needed to increase protein transduction. Unfortunately, FBS reported as media contained protease and contaminated with pathogen microorganisms from an animal host. Fibroblast preputium cell is easy to culture and can be a good model for assessing the medium culture system. In this study, FBS was substituted with honey and royal jelly to find an alternative FBS. This study aimed to determine the effectivity of serum-free DMEM medium with honey from Tetragonula
sp. and royal jelly from Apis mellifera (Ceiba pentandra) on the proliferation of fibroblasts preputium cells. The research design used true experimental methods. Samples were taken from healthy people. Fibroblast cells were cultured with various concentrations of honey and royal jelly (0.1%, 1%, 5%). The best result of those various concentrations continued until 9 days with continuous checking in every three days measured with Microtetrazolium (MTT) assay test. Fibroblast cells cultured in Tetragonula
sp. honey and royal jelly Apis mellifera (Ceiba pentandra) 0.1% medium had a significant difference, with proliferation higher than 1% (p = 0,000) and 5% (p = 0,000), but did not exceed proliferation with FBS addition medium. Next, cells in DMEM medium with Tetragonula
sp. honey and Apis mellifera royal jelly (Ceiba pentandra) 0.1% on the 3rd, 6th, and 9th (p = 0,000; p = 0,000; p = 0,000) had not similar growth to the standard medium with FBS. However, the growth on the 9th day had a significant difference with the DMEM medium without FBS. High sugar in honey can inhibit fibroblast cell proliferation. The addition of other components as needed to optimize proliferation in honey and royal jelly medium. Isolation of active ingredients in honey and royal jelly can function as an alternative development of an effective and safe substitute for FBS.
Formulation and Development of Grape Seed Oil (Vitis Vinifera L) Emulgel Peel-Off Mask using Gelling Agent Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC)
Authors: Nursal Fith Khaira , Nining  , Rahmah At Syamsiyah
Published: May 2021

Anti Aging dosage which form formulas that contain antioxidants are important to be developed. Grapeseed oil (GSO) has a higher antioxidant capacity than other parts of grapes at 42.18 mmol of Trolox equivalent/g. This study aims to develop a peel-off mask formula containing GSO in the emulgel system with Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent. Emulgel was made in four formulas (F1-F4) with 1-4% HPMC concentrations and one control formula (F0) of 3% HPMC without GSO. This was then evaluated for homogeneity and phase separation (centrifugation and freeze-thaw methods). Physical stability was observed during 28 days of storage with various parameters including organoleptic, pH, drying time, spreadability, viscosity, rheological flow, tensile strength, and elongation. The evaluation results showed that the emulgel was homogeneous and did not undergo phase separation by centrifuge and freeze-thaw. During the storage period, the five emulgel pH was within acceptable ranges, and there was no significant change in viscosity at 25C. Meanwhile, at 40°C, there was a trend of decreasing viscosity. Moreover, HPMC based GSO emulgel showed good physicochemical stability during the storage period at 25°C and 40°C for 4 weeks. In summary, the developed GSO emulgel are good candidates for topical peel-off mask in anti aging dosage form.
Implementation of Experimental Designs to Improve Bioethanol Quality From Banana Beans Through the Destilation Process
Authors: Nugroho Angga Adhy , Wibowo Agus , Luthfianto Saufik
Published: May 2021

This experimental research is arranged in a 2 ^ 3 factorial form using a tolerance level (α) of 5% so that the rejection zone rule will lie at the p-value of the anova output, the length of fermentation incubation time and the average yield of the type of substrate and alcohol content, type of substrate against long fermentation. The interaction plots of substrate types of banana king hump, banana kepok hump, banana milk hump and fermentation time are 96 hours, 144 hours, 196 hours. The output of banana king hump substrate has a mean low quality level of 55,720 fermentation time of 96 hours, the output of banana king hump substrate, the mean level of medium quality, average alcohol content is the mean value of 61,648 fermentation time of 144 hours. Interaction factor of alcohol content, mean best quality level, average alcohol content of banana king hump substrate mean 62,503 fermentation time 196 hours. The best quality bioethanol content level is the type of substrate of banana king hump, fermentation time of 196 hours.
The Utilization of Tofu Waste Water as An Addition of Nutrition in Hydroponic Media to Lettuce Growth (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Chaorlina Arnita , Setyaningsih Maryanti , Faruq Hilman
Published: May 2021

Lettuce is a vegetable that is easily cultivated and can be a source of essential vitamins and minerals for the body. This study aims to determine the effect of using tofu wastewater as a nutrient addition to hydroponic media on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The method used in this study was an experimental method with a randomized block design (RBD) of 5 treatments and 6 repetitions. The treatments were P0 (0 ml POC + 60 ml AB mix/kontrol), P1 (20 ml POC + 40 ml AB mix), P2 (30 ml POC + 30 ml AB mix), P3 (40 ml POC + 20 ml AB mix), dan P4 (60 ml POC + 0 ml AB mix). The research data were analyzed using the normality and homogeneity tests as a prerequisite test. These were then followed by the ANAVA and LSD tests at the 5% level. The application of tofu wastewater as a nutrient addition in P2 treatment had the best results with an average plant height of 22.55 cm, wet weight of 5.73 g, and dry weight of 0.34 g. Therefore, it can be concluded that the utilization of tofu wastewater as a nutrient addition to hydroponic media affected the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).
Effectiveness of Feeding Trash Fish and Spinach Extract on Mud Crab (Scylla Serrata) Feed for Molting Acceleration With the Popeye Method
Authors: Suyono  , Hartanti NU , NHSA
Published: May 2021

One of the fishery commodities in the mangrove forest area that has the potential to be cultivated in the mangrove crab (Scylla serrata). The local and international market demand for soft shell mud crab from year to year tends to increase. Most of the efforts to meet the needs of softshell crab still rely on catches from nature where availability is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the long molting time of mud crab (Scylla serrata) fed trash feed and feed fed with spinach extract using natural methods and popeye. This research is experimental using a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of the natural method with trash feed, the natural method with spinach extract feed, the popeye method with trash feed, and the popeye method with spinach extract feed. The crabs used are mud crabs with the hard carapace. The test parameter is the length of time for mud crab molting, which is calculated starting from the hard-shelled crab to molting. The data obtained in the form of differences in the length of time for mud crab molting using various treatments were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results of this study indicate that the popeye method with spinach extract feed is the treatment that produces the best molting time, which is 14-21 days compared to other treatments.
The Effectiveness Of Cod Reduction In Tofu Waste Using Active Mud And Oxygenation Methods
Authors: Sukmawati Wati , Wijiastuti
Published: May 2021

Tofu waste is a byproduct of tofu processing that cannot be just thrown away as it can pollute the waters. In this study, a laboratory-scale test was carried out on tofu waste produced from tofu factories in the Cirebon area. In this tofu waste treatment, activated sludge was used where the waste water was put into an anaerobic reactor with various incubation times. The reduction of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) for tofu wastewater treatment was carried out using the K2Cr2O7 oxidizer and anaerobic reactor with an insulated reactor. Afterwards, the anaerobic effluent was collected into the aerobic reactor using broken bricks. Experiment variations were carried out in anaerobic reactors, namely: sludge variation (1/2 and 1/3) and residence time variations, namely: 2 days, 4 days and 6 days. Measurements were taken at 3 points, namely: influent, anaerobic effluent and aerobic effluent. Based on the research, the highest decrease in anaerobic efficiency was 68.8% in the condition of ½ sludge volume and 2 days residence time. As for the aerobic efficiency, it was 48.9% in the conditions of 1/3 sludge volume and 6 days residence time. Meanwhile, the highest decrease in COD levels was 79.4% in the swab condition as much as 1/3 in the 6-day incubation time.
Application of Microcapsules Food with Different Dosage to Support The Growth of Fish Cork Seed (Channa Striata)
Authors: Soeprapto Hayati , Pranggono Hadi , Ridwan Febri Mustafat
Published: May 2021

Research occurred to manufacture microcapsule feed made by a local material like duck eggs and earthworms. These ingredients contain sufficient protein to support the growth of fish cork seed. The research was conducted for one month at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries, Pekalongan University. This study aims to determine the effect of microcapsules enriched with earthworms on snakehead fish seeds’ growth. The use of earthworms with duck eggs is forming granules with sizes ranging from 20 µm-120 µm, which are rounded as microcapsules feed. The research method used was experimental, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with treatments of 0 ml / l (A), 4 ml / l (B), 6 ml / l (C), 8 ml / l (D) and 10 ml. / l (E). The results showed that the microcapsule feed with different earthworm extract doses had a significant effect (F hit > F tab). The best treatment was at a dose of 10 ml (E) earthworms with a biomass weight of 0.46 grams. The supporting parameter is water quality in a temperature of 27-30oC and a pH of 7.4-7.9 to complete the cultivation of snakehead fish seeds.