bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Core Stabilization Exercise versus General Trunk-Strengthening Exercise on Balance Performance, Pain Intensity and Trunk Muscle Activity Patterns in Clinical Lumbar Instability Patients: A Single Blind Randomized Trial
Authors: PUNTUMETAKUL Rungthip , SAIKLANG Pongsatorn , YODCHAISARN Wantanee , HUNSAWONG Torkamol , RUANGSRI Janyawat
Published: March 2021

Postural balance is important for activities of daily living. Patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) exhibit balance problems, such as difficulty performing daily activities. Specifically, CLBP patients with clinical lumbar instability (CLI) have demonstrated deep trunk muscular dysfunction that induces poor postural control and may result in a high risk of falling. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 10-week core stabilization exercise (CSE) regimen versus a strengthening trunk exercise (STE) regimen and conduct a 3-month follow-up on balance, pain, and trunk muscle activity patterns in CLI patients. A single-blind randomized controlled trial was used to compare the effects of CSE and STE on balance, pain, and trunk muscle activity patterns in 38 CLBP patients with CLI. The results of the 5-times-sit-to-stand test (FTSST) and pain intensity revealed significant improvements in both groups after ten weeks of exercise and at the 3-month follow-up point. However, the differences in the FTSST scores and pain intensity between the CSE and STE patients were not significant. Moreover, the CSE group presented significantly greater deep abdominal muscle activation than the STE group after ten weeks of exercise. In addition, both groups exhibited a trend of improvement in terms of deep back muscle activation. Therefore, the current study results suggest that both exercise regimens can improve balance performance and pain intensity. Moreover, the CSE group showed more significant improvements in deep abdominal muscle activation than the STE group.
INFLUENCIA DE LA BIOESTIMULACIÓN HEMATOPOYÉTICA MINERAL (Fe, Cu y Co) Y VITAMÍNICA (B1, B12) SOBRE EL PERFIL SANGUÍNEO POSTPARTAL EN VACAS HOLSTEIN EN LACTACIÓN
Authors: Norato José Isaac , Araúz Edil Enrique
Published: March 2021

La bioestimulación hematopoyética (BH) mineral (Fe, Cu y Co) y vitamínica (B1, B12) fue estudiada en las primeras 16 semanas después del parto, para evaluar su posible impacto sobre el perfil hematimétrico y celular sanguíneo en vacas Holstein en producción en una finca lechera grado A, ubicada a 1160 metros de altitud en el clima tropical húmedo. Se utilizó cuatro vacas Holstein de una, dos, tres y cuatro lactaciones; asignando al azar dos vacas de cada lactación para aplicar la solución estéril hemopoyética [gluconato de hierro (10 miligramos (mg) / mililitro (mL, gluconato de cobre (10 mg/mL, gluconato de cobalto (10 mg/mL, tiamina (100 mg/mL y cianocobalamina (20 mg/mL) y dos vacas para solución salina fisiológica; en las cuales, se administró 15 mL IM a los 10; 40 y 70 días postpartales. La BH aumentó el conteo de eritrocitos y la concentración corpuscular de hemoglobina (P<0,0001) en la 1ra lactación en +7,41 y +8,97% y en la segunda lactación en + 6,17% en los eritrocitos y +6.21% en la hemoglobina; pero en la 3ra y 4ta lactación no hubo diferencias estadísticas (P>0,05); aunque superiores al control. La BH aumentó las plaquetas (P<0,0528), los glóbulos blancos (P<0,0147) y los neutrófilos (P<0,0769); pero no modificó el hematocrito (P<0,05), los linfocitos (P>0,05) y los monocitos (P>0,05). La estimulación hemopoyética postpartal aumentó el perfil celular sanguíneo; indicando que el tejido mieloide fue activado en la citogénesis, maduración y liberación de eritrocitos, leucocitos, trombocitos y hemoglobina en la fase lactacional temprana en vacas Holstein bajo manejo lechero intensivo tropical.
Macroestructura y superestructura como elementos linguísticos globales del texto expositivo
Authors: Jaén Franklin Esteban
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la macroestructura y superestructura como elementos lingüísticos globales en el texto expositivo desarrollado por estudiantes en la educación superior. En cuanto a la metodología, se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo, investigación tipo aplicada, con un diseño no experimental, corte transversal. Los sujetos de intervención treinta y seis (36) estudiantes que cursaron la asignatura Lenguaje y comunicación para el año 2020, Facultad de Humanidades, Departamento de Español, Universidad de Panamá. Como técnica se utilizó la observación directa y como instrumento rúbrica de evaluación de redacción académica, a través de redacciones realizadas por los participantes. Se utilizó el aanálisis descriptivo basado en la interpretación porcentual. Como consideraciones finales se obtuvo que, en los textos expositivos producidos por los estudiantes, aunque mantienen un tópico hay desconocimiento de la organización arquitectónica del texto (macroestructura), careciendo de unidad temática y relaciones coherentes entre párrafos. Por otra parte, se observa la ausencia de uno de los elementos que forma parte de la estructura básica del texto expositivo, el cierre o conclusión, no manejan la superestructura de este tipo de texto.
Complejidad y transdisciplinariedad: el desafío de los métodos centrados en la identidad
Authors: Bustos Karina A. , Delgado Carlos J. , Finocchiaro Giampiero , Godoy Melisa D. , Navarra Javier A. , Pérez Bruno Magdalena
Published: March 2021

La separación disciplinaria resultante del avance de las ciencias y los saberes ha generado sesgos respecto del contacto, la comprensión y la acción en la complejidad y los niveles de la realidad. La transdisciplinariedad, al convocar el examen de los problemas reales del mundo, precisa una elaboración metodológica de diálogo. El nivel epistemológico de la metodología general no basta para encauzar acciones de transformación, se requiere la elaboración de metodologías que tomen en consideración los presupuestos epistemológicos, los contextos específicos y pongan a dialogar actores y saberes involucrados. El Método VETAS® sistematiza una metodología dialógica transdisciplinaria, opera como método centrado en la identidad, y permite aplicaciones en situaciones complejas de salud, las organizaciones y la educación.
El Teorema Fundamental del Cálculo en la Teoría de Integración de Riemann
Authors: Ángela Yaneth Franco Ángela Yaneth
Published: March 2021

El teorema fundamental del cálculo provee una formalización genérica de la relación inversa entre las teorías de diferenciación e integración; a   saber, lo cual se satisface en la teoría de integración de Cauchy. Sin embargo, el teorema fundamental del cálculo pierde sentido si la derivada  de una función derivable no es Riemann integrable. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar las propiedades que debe satisfacer la derivada  de una función diferenciable para que se satisfaga el Teorema Fundamental del Cálculo en la teoría de integración de Riemann.
Effectiveness of unconventional roundabouts in the design of suburban intersections
Authors: Ciampa Donato
Published: March 2021

The paper focuses on the use of non-conventional roundabouts, such as turbo-roundabouts and flower-roundabouts, for the reduction of both functional and safety critical issues. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of non-conventional design schemes compared to conventional solutions through the implementation of vehicular traffic microsimulation techniques and swept path analysis. The work proposes two case studies in suburban areas characterized by the presence of road intersections affected by high traffic criticality. The study compares the performance in terms of average speed, queues length, time loss, vehicle manoeuvring size, etc., between the actual state and two design solutions, respectively conventional and non-conventional. The results obtained highlight the effectiveness of the non-conventional schemes adopted for both the improvement of traffic and safety parameters and for the containment of polluting emissions into the atmosphere. The work also proposes a methodological approach that can be pursued by the road designer, for the choice between alternative design solutions of conventional and non-conventional roundabout intersections.
El ciclo pictórico del ábside mayor de la Basílica de Santa María in Foro Claudio en Ventaroli
Authors: Lanfranchi Fabio , Barlozzini Piero
Published: March 2021

La campaña de adquisición de datos relativos al fresco en el ábside de la Basílica de Santa María in Foro Claudio en Ventaroli se contextualiza dentro de un programa más amplio de mapeo destinado al conocimiento y a la documentación del entero edificio situado en el municipio de Carinola en la provincia de Caserta. El edificio posee algunas partes de un ciclo de frescos, calificados por algunos estudiosos como «arte benedictino-casinese» (siglo XII). En el presente artículo mostramos los resultados que derivan de la combinación de operaciones de adquisición de datos cromáticos y geométricos/dimensionales de la porción cilíndrica, adquiridos por medio de un espectrofotómetro de contacto y el uso de técnicas telemétricas (escaneo láser). Uno de los objetivos es producir una imagen congelada de las condiciones de conservación de este fragmento del patrimonio cultural, un punto de partida útil para futuras investigaciones destinadas a su monitoreo y control.
Las técnicas de Captura Masiva de Datos (MDC) y la sección principal en edificios con grandes deformaciones
Authors: Lluis i Ginovart Josep , López-Piquer Mónica , Lluis-Teruel Cinta
Published: March 2021

El levantamiento de edificios es esencial para el desarrollo de la representación gráfica de la arquitectura. Sus principios fueron acotados en la Carta del rilievo architettonico de Nápoles (1999), donde se establece dicho levantamiento como un elemento de investigación iconográfica, bibliográfica y archivística. La representación de la sección de un edificio no aparece hasta la edición vitruviana de Cesarino (1521), dado que el secretismo medieval impedía revelar el despliegue de un edificio. La representación bidimensional del espacio métrico, proyectivo o topológico arroja nuevas cuestiones programáticas a través de las metodologías generadas por la Massive Data Capture (MDC) y, por ello, la determinación de la sección principal es una cuestión esencial. La propuesta metodológica la define como la producida por un plano de referencia (τ) perpendicular al horizonte astronómico de una latitud (ϕ), el cual contiene un vector de regresión del azimut (Ab ) y los puntos singulares (ci ) de las secciones transversales.
La arquitectura como retórica. Dos espacios sagrados teatralizados en El Monasterio del Escorial: el transparente litúrgico de la basílica y el trasaltar de la sacristía
Authors: Chías Navarro Pilar , Abad Balboa Tomás
Published: March 2021

El Monasterio del Escorial es rico en artificios arquitectónicos diseñados para modular la luz y utilizar los efectos perspectivos con fines retóricos, en concreto para atraer la atención sobre los rituales católicos vinculados a la Eucaristía. Dos de ellos resultan particularmente interesantes no sólo por su carácter pionero, sino por su importancia desde el punto de vista arquitectónico. Cronológicamente, el primero es el transparente litúrgico que Herrera y los artífices del retablo de la capilla mayor construyeron entre 1577 y 1586, poco conocido y escasamente estudiado; y el segundo es el trasaltar y el retablo de la Sagrada Forma en la sacristía diseñado por José del Olmo y materializado entre 1677 y 1684, con el extraordinario cuadro de Claudio Coello. Ambos son claros exponentes de la capacidad retórica de la arquitectura cuando se combina sabiamente con la escultura y la pintura, como expone el presente estudio.
Materializar la idea: el proceso multinivel de diseño
Authors: Pettoello Giulia
Published: March 2021

Esta investigación demuestra el gran potencial que la tecnología de la información (ICT) desempeña en el ámbito arquitectónico. El foco central de este trabajo es el proceso creativo y generativo del proyecto arquitectónico. La creación de una salida que emplea la realidad virtual (RV) resultó ser particularmente importante para que el proyecto pueda ser utilizado en modo interactivo y personalizado. En particular, el estudio de caso utilizado en esta investigación es la periferia de Roma y más precisamente el barrio de Tor Bella Monaca. Procedimientos analógicos y manuales se transforman en productos virtuales gracias a específicos procesos de digitalización. Dentro de este proceso, heterogéneo y multinivel, un elemento esencial y insustituible es siempre la idea de diseño. Pueden haber muchas técnicas para crear, desarrollar y sintetizar el concepto inicial. De hecho, la posibilidad de integrar diferentes métodos puede ser motivo de gran enriquecimiento del proyecto mismo, pero solo con una idea fuerte y un concepto claro se puede obtener un resultado cualitativamente importante. Fluidez, continuidad y dinamismo coexisten y se nutren recíprocamente en el proceso creativo bajo investigación.
Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Healthcare Workers Exposed During Use of Non-invasive Ventilation in a Tertiary Care Hospital in OmanRisk of COVID-19 Infection in Healthcare Workers Exposed During Use of Non-invasive Ventilation in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman
Authors: Al Lawati Adil , Khamis Faryal , Al Habsi Samiha , Al Dalhami Khazina
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCWs), especially those working on the front line, are considered to be at high risk of nosocomial acquisition of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Little is known about the effectiveness of the recommended protective methods as few reports have described spread of the disease in hospital settings among this high-risk population. We describe the hospital-based transmission of SARS-CoV-2 related to non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in one of the main tertiary care hospitals in Oman. Methods: All exposed patients and HCWs from Royal Hospital were screened, quarantined, and underwent telephone interviews to stratify their risk factors, clinical symptoms, and exposure risk assessment. Results: A total of 46 HCWs and patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after exposure to an index case who received 48 hours of NIV before diagnosing COVID-19 infection. Over half of the exposed (56.5%; n = 26) were nurses, 26.1% (n = 12) were patients, and 15.2% (n = 7) were doctors. None of the HCWs required hospitalization. Sore throat, fever, and myalgia were the most common symptoms. Conclusions: NIV poses a significant risk for SARS-CoV-2 transmission within hospital settings if appropriate infection control measures are not taken.
Angiographic Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease and its Correlation with Ankle-brachial Index in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mohan Gaurav , Mohan Gurinder , Singh Baldeep , Kaur Vishavveer
Published: March 2021

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) due to atherosclerosis is like an epidemic in India. The role of diabetes mellitus (DM) with CAD is believed to be as important as CAD itself. Owing to the similar vascular involvement, patients with DM were frequently combined with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Although in outpatients, clinically suspected of having CAD, the relationship and interaction between DM and PAD remain unknown.

Aim and objective

The aim and objective of this study is to evaluate the relation of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) with the angiographic characteristics of CAD in patients with DM.

Materials and methods

This is a tertiary hospital study in which 50 adult patients were admitted and taken according to inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. All patients in this study population underwent ABI measurement and coronary angiography was done. Patients were subdivided into two groups according to ABI, that is, patients with ABI >0.90 and ABI <0.90.

Results

There was a significant relationship between low ABI and severity of CAD. Low ABI group patients had a more severe form of CAD with a higher prevalence of triple vessel diseases, severe stenosis, and more involvement of the left anterior descending (LAD)artery. Risk factors like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and low ABI were predictors of significant severe stenosis of coronary arteries.

Conclusion

Low ABI is a surrogate index of the severity of CAD. So it could be used in our everyday clinical cardiology practice as a noninvasive, easy, and cheap bedside test to assess and predict the severity of CAD.

How to cite this article

Mohan G, Mohan G, Singh B, et al. Angiographic Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease and Its Correlation with Ankle-brachial Index in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. AMEI's Curr Trends Diagn Treat 2020;4(2):69–73.
DEPOSIÇÃO DAS PROTEÍNAS LÁCTEAS “FOULING”: REVISÃO SOBRE OS FENÔMENOS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS QUE ENVOLVEM A DESESTABILIZAÇÃO PROTÉICA DURANTE O PROCESSAMENTO E ARMAZENAMENTO
Authors: de Oliveira Thacila Fernanda , Costa Fabiano Freire
Published: March 2021

Introdução: O fouling é um fenômeno de deposição de proteínas e/ou minerais que ocorre na superfície de trocadores de calor, interior de poros de membranas, causando incrustação nesses equipamentos e, como consequência, a deposição no fundo de caixas de leite UHT. Objetivo: Através deste artigo, buscou-se o entendimento do mecanismo do fouling para que seja possível encontrar uma solução para esse problema na indústria laticinista, que afeta não somente a cadeia produtiva, mas também a qualidade do produto final e seu tempo de prateleira, influenciando assim na escolha do consumidor. Metodologia de pesquisa: os artigos foram escolhidos de acordo com sua data de publicação, sempre priorizando os mais recentes. A temática abordada em cada artigo também foi fator determinante na escolha de cada um, tendo como prioridade assuntos relacionados ao leite e seu processamento, proteínas, incrustação. Discussão: O fouling pode ser do tipo A ou B, dependendo se seu constituinte majoritário for proteínas ou minerais, respectivamente. Diversos fatores são inerentes ao fouling: elevadas temperaturas utilizadas no processamento do leite, como a tecnologia UHT; estabilidade das proteínas, principalmente as caseínas, que se encontram organizadas na forma de micelas e que tem sido objeto de estudo de cientistas em todo o mundo; pH; balanço salino; presença de microrganismos. Conclusão: A ocorrência e intensidade do fouling está relacionada desde a qualidade do leite cru, até o tipo de processamento ao qual o leite será submetido. As elevadas temperaturas de tratamento e processamento induzem à modificações estruturais nas proteínas que, consequentemente, causam alterações no leite influenciando em sua vida de prateleira. É importante ressaltar este tema carece de pesquisas atuais para que antigas teorias sejam reafirmadas e outras, descobertas. Desta forma, cada vez mais a comunidade científica se aproximará de uma solução deste problema tão recorrente e impactante na indústria de laticínios.
Retrospective Analysis of the Intoxication Cases Applied to the Emergency Service
Authors: ÖRÜN Serhat
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Together with the development of the modern technology, the new chemicals and pharmaceuticals entering our lives expose the humankind more and more to these agents. Our aim to conduct this study was to determine the types and causes of frequent intoxication cases applying to our emergency service, the required treatment and patient care methods by analyzing the patient files and to raise an awareness about intoxications. Materials and Methods: Our study was a retrospective study prior to which the necessary permissions were obtained from Namık Kemal University Ethical Council of Non-Invasive Clinical Researches. Besides the demographic attributes of the patients, the mode of intoxication (accidentally, suicidal), how the intoxication happened (drugs, pesticides, detergent), consultation information (if any), requirement of antidote for treatment, the patients’ being outpatient or hospitalized were determined and analyzed statistically. Results: A total of 58 patients were included in our study. The age average of the included patients were 34.05 ± 15.22. Among the patients, 38 (65.5%) were female while 20 (34.5%) were male. 75.9% (44) of the cases were suicidal, and 24.1% (14) happened accidentally. There was previous psychiatric history in 27.6% (16) of the patients while there was no previous psychiatric history in 72.4% (42). Among the patients with previous psychiatric history, 15 (93.7%) of the intoxications were suicide attempt, while 29 (69%) of the patients without previous psychiatric history were suicide attempt. The difference obtained from the comparison of psychiatric history and intoxication type was statistically significant. Conclusion: Intoxication cases apply to the emergency service with various reasons and frequencies. We presume that supporting and developing the emergency service in terms of knowledge and equipment will contribute to the medical care and prognosis of the toxicology patients
Ex situ conservation of plant species of the Red Book of Russia in botanical gardens
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: March 2021

Russian botanical gardens are actively involved in the conservation of rare and endangered plants. They pay special attention to the species included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. At present, 377 species of higher plants are cultivated in living collections of botanical gardens out of 514 species presented in the Red Book of Russia, which is 73%. Thus, the Russian Federation has practically met the requirement of goal 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. The vast majority of rare plant species are represented by samples in the collections of many botanical gardens and the reliability of their protection under cultural conditions is beyond doubt. In the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an in vitro collection of rare and endangered plants is preserved, including 82 species, which is 17.3% of the total number of angiosperms included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. As a result of many years of research, the features of the cultivation and preservation of ex situ plants belonging to different families have been revealed. The main methodological aspects at the stages of obtaining a sterile culture, micropropagation proper and long-term deposition are reflected. The compositions of nutrient media and cultivation factors were optimized for slowed growth of explants of the studied cultures and preservation of their viability. Keywords: RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANT SPECIES, RED BOOK OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, EX SITU CONSERVATION, LONG-TERM IN VITRO CONSERVATION
ECtHR Retroactive Jurisdiction and the Possibility of Compensations for the Armenian Properties Confiscated during and after the Armenian Genocide: A Brief Analysis
Authors: Tigranyan Hasmik , Gzoyan Edita
Published: March 2021

This article examines retroactive jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) for the possibility to litigate compensations for the Armenian properties confiscated during and after the Armenian Genocide. The study considers ECtHR platform for the Armenian Genocide reparations, as ECtHR is the most effective human rights regional Court to compel Turkey to protect human rights and remedy for violations. The paper considers only European Convention on Human Rights (Convention) Article 1 Protocol 1 to avoid as much as possible politicizing this study. Considering the fact that a long time has passed since the confiscations, this study considers ratione temporis jurisdiction of the ECtHR.
Aerosol pH indicator and organosulfate detectability from aerosol mass spectrometry measurements
Authors: Schueneman Melinda K. , Nault Benjamin A. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Jo Duseong S. , Day Douglas A. , Schroder Jason C. , Palm Brett B. , Hodzic Alma , Dibb Jack E. , Jimenez Jose L.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Aerosol sulfate is a major component of submicron particulate matter
(PM1). Sulfate can be present as inorganic (mainly ammonium sulfate,
AS) or organosulfate (OS). Although OS is thought to be a smaller fraction
of total sulfate in most cases, recent literature argues that this may not
be the case in more polluted environments. Aerodyne aerosol mass
spectrometers (AMSs) measure total submicron sulfate, but it has been
difficult to apportion AS vs. OS as the detected ion fragments are similar.
Recently, two new methods have been proposed to quantify OS separately from
AS with AMS data. We use observations collected during several airborne
field campaigns covering a wide range of sources and air mass ages (spanning
the continental US, marine remote troposphere, and Korea) and targeted
laboratory experiments to investigate the performance and validity of the
proposed OS methods. Four chemical regimes are defined to categorize the
factors impacting sulfate fragmentation. In polluted areas with high
ammonium nitrate concentrations and in remote areas with high aerosol
acidity, the decomposition and fragmentation of sulfate in the AMS is
influenced by multiple complex effects, and estimation of OS does not seem
possible with current methods. In regions with lower acidity (pH > 0) and ammonium nitrate (fraction of total mass < 0.3), the proposed
OS methods might be more reliable, although application of these methods
often produced nonsensical results. However, the fragmentation of ambient
neutralized sulfate varies somewhat within studies, adding uncertainty,
possibly due to variations in the effect of organics. Under highly acidic
conditions (when calculated pH < 0 and ammonium balance < 0.65), sulfate fragment ratios show a clear relationship with acidity. The
measured ammonium balance (and to a lesser extent, the
HySOx+ / SOx+ AMS ratio) is a promising indicator of rapid estimation of aerosol pH < 0, including when gas-phase
NH3 and HNO3 are not available. These results allow an improved
understanding of important intensive properties of ambient aerosols.
The world Brewer reference triad – updated performance assessment and new double triad
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyi , Fioletov Vitali , Brohart Michael , Savastiouk Volodya , Abboud Ihab , Ogyu Akira , Davies Jonathan , Sit Reno , Lee Sum Chi , Cede Alexander , Tiefengraber Martin , Müller Moritz , Griffin Debora , McLinden Chris
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Brewer ozone spectrophotometer (the Brewer) was designed at
Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) in the 1970s to make accurate
automated total ozone column measurements. Since the 1980s, the Brewer instrument has
become a World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch
(GAW) standard ozone monitoring instrument. Now, more than 230 Brewers have
been produced. To assure the quality of the Brewer measurements, a
calibration chain is maintained, i.e., first, the reference instruments are
independently absolutely calibrated, and then the calibration is transferred
from the reference instrument to the travelling standard, and subsequently
from the travelling standard to field instruments. ECCC has maintained the
world Brewer reference instruments since the 1980s to provide transferable
calibration to field instruments at monitoring sites. Three
single-monochromator (Mark II) type instruments (serial numbers 008,
014, and 015) formed this world Brewer reference triad (BrT) and
started their service in Toronto, Canada, in 1984. In the 1990s, the Mark III
type Brewer (known as the double Brewer) was developed, which has two
monochromators to reduce the internal instrumental stray light. The double-Brewer world reference triad (BrT-D) was formed in 2013 (serial numbers
145, 187 and 191), co-located with the BrT. The first assessment
of the BrT's performance was made in 2005, covering the period between 1984
and 2004 (Fioletov et al., 2005). The current work
provides an updated assessment of the BrT's performance (from 1999 to 2019)
and the first comprehensive assessment of the BrT-D. The random
uncertainties of individual reference instruments are within the WMO/GAW
requirement of 1 % (WMO, 2001): 0.49 % and 0.42 % for
BrT and BrT-D, respectively, as estimated in this study. The long-term
stability of the reference instruments is also evaluated in terms of
uncertainties of the key instrument characteristics: the extraterrestrial
calibration constant (ETC) and effective ozone absorption coefficients (both
having an effect of less than 2 % on total column ozone). Measurements
from a ground-based instrument (Pandora spectrometer), satellites (11
datasets, including the most recent high-resolution satellite, TROPOspheric
Monitoring Instrument), and reanalysis model (the second Modern-Era
Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, MERRA-2) are used to
further assess the performance of world Brewer reference instruments and to
provide a context for the requirements of stratospheric ozone observations
during the last two decades.
Combination Analysis of Multi-Wavelength, Multi-Parameter Radar Measurements for Snowfall
Authors: Oue Mariko , Kollias Pavlos , Matrosov Sergey Y. , Battaglia Alessandro , Ryzhkov Alexander V.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Radar dual wavelength ratio (DWR) measurements from the Stony Brook Radar Observatory Ka-band Scanning Polarimetric Radar (KASPR, 35 GHz), a profiling W-band (94 GHz) and a next generation K-band (24-GHz) Micro Rain Radar (MRRPro) were exploited for ice particle identification using triple frequency approaches. The results indicated that two of the radar frequencies (K- and Ka-band) are not sufficiently separated, thus, the triple radar frequency approaches had limited success. On the other hand, a joint analysis of DWR, mean vertical Doppler velocity (MDV), and polarimetric radar variables indicated potential in identifying ice particle types and distinguishing among different ice growth processes and even in revealing additional microphysical details.We investigated all DWR pairs in conjunction with MDV from the KASPR profiling measurements and differential reflectivity (ZDR) and specific differential phase (KDP) from the KASPR quasi-vertical profiles. The DWR-versus-MDV diagrams coupled with the polarimetric observables exhibited distinct separations of particle populations attributed to different rime degrees and particle growth processes. In fallstreaks, the 35–94 GHz DWR pair increased with the magnitude of MDV corresponding to the scattering calculations for aggregates with lower degrees of riming. The DWR values further increased at lower altitudes while ZDR slightly decreased, indicating further aggregation. Particle populations with higher rime degrees had a similar increase of DWR, but the 1–1.5 m s−1 larger magnitude of MDV and rapid decreases in KDP and ZDR. The analysis also depicted the early stage of riming where ZDR increased with the MDV magnitude collocated with small increases of DWR. This approach will improve quantitative estimations of snow amount and microphysical quantities such as rime mass fraction.
Organic carbon densities and accumulation rates in surface sediments of the North Sea and Skagerrak
Authors: Diesing Markus , Thorsnes Terje , Bjarnadóttir Lilja Rún
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Continental shelf sediments are places of both rapid
organic carbon turnover and accumulation, while at the same time
increasingly subjected to human-induced disturbances. Recent research
suggests that shelf sediments might have a role to play as a natural climate
solution, e.g. by storing organic carbon if left undisturbed from
anthropogenic activity. However, we have an incomplete understanding about
the centres of organic carbon accumulation and storage on continental
shelves. To better constrain the rate of accumulation and the mass of
organic carbon that is stored in sediments, we developed and applied a
spatial modelling framework that allows us to estimate those quantities from
sparse observations and predictor variables known or suspected to influence
the spatial patterns of these parameters. This paper presents spatial
distribution patterns of organic carbon densities and accumulation rates in
the North Sea and Skagerrak. We found that organic carbon stocks and
accumulation rates are highest in the Norwegian Trough, while large parts of
the North Sea are characterised by low stocks and zero net accumulation. The
total stock of organic carbon that is stored in the upper 0.1 m of sediments
amounted to 230.5 ± 134.5 Tg C, of which approximately 26 % is
stored in the Norwegian Trough. Rates of organic carbon accumulation in the
Norwegian Trough are comparable with those reported from nearby fjords. We
provide baseline datasets that could be used in marine management, e.g. for
the establishment of “carbon protection zones”. Additionally, we highlight
the complex nature of continental shelves with zones of rapid carbon cycling
and accumulation juxtaposed, which will require further detailed and
spatially explicit analyses to constrain sedimentary organic carbon stocks
and accumulation rates globally.
Capturing functional strategies and compositional dynamics in
vegetation demographic models
Authors: Buotte Polly , Koven Charles , Xu Chonggang , Shuman Jacquelyn , Goulden Michael , Levis Samuel , Katz Jessica , Ding Junyan , Ma Wu , Robbins Zachary , Kueppers Lara
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Plant community composition influences carbon, water and energy fluxes at regional to global scales. Composition is a dynamic property of ecosystems, arising from complex feedbacks among the environment, disturbance, and plant physiology. Vegetation demographic models (VDMs) allow investigation of the effects of changing climate and disturbance regimes on vegetation composition and fluxes. Such investigation requires that the models can accurately resolve these feedbacks to simulate realistic composition. Vegetation in VDMs is composed of plant functional types (PFTs), which are specified according to plant traits. Defining PFTs is challenging due to large variability in trait observations within and between plant types and a lack of understanding of model sensitivity to these traits. Here we present an approach for developing PFT parameterizations that are connected to the underlying ecological processes determining forest composition in the mixed-conifer forest of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, USA. We constrain multiple relative trait values between PFTs, as opposed to randomly sampling within the range of observations. An ensemble of PFT parameterizations are then filtered based on emergent forest properties meeting observation-based ecological criteria under alternate disturbance scenarios. A small ensemble of alternate PFT parameterizations is identified that produces plausible forest composition, and demonstrates variability in response to disturbance frequency and regional environmental variation. Retaining multiple PFT parameterizations allows us to quantify the uncertainty in forest responses due to variability in trait observations. Vegetation composition is a key emergent outcome from VDMs and our methodology provides a foundation for robust PFT parameterization across ecosystems.
G2DC-PL+: a gridded 2 km daily climate dataset for the union of the Polish territory and the Vistula and Odra basins
Authors: Piniewski Mikołaj , Szcześniak Mateusz , Kardel Ignacy , Chattopadhyay Somsubhra , Berezowski Tomasz
Published: March 2021

Abstract. G2DC-PL+, a gridded 2 km daily climate dataset for the union of
the Polish territory and the Vistula and Odra basins, is an update and
extension of the CHASE-PL Forcing Data – Gridded Daily Precipitation and
Temperature Dataset – 5 km (CPLFD-GDPT5). The latter was the first
publicly available, high-resolution climate forcing dataset in Poland, used
for a range of purposes including hydrological modelling and bias correction
of climate projections. While the spatial coverage of the new dataset remained
the same, it has undergone several major changes: (1) the time coverage was
increased from 1951–2013 to 1951–2019; (2) its spatial resolution increased
from 5 to 2 km; (3) the number of stations used for interpolation of
temperature and precipitation approximately doubled; and (4) in addition to
precipitation and temperature, the dataset consists of relative humidity and
wind speed data. The main purpose for developing this product was the need for long-term areal climate data for earth-system modelling, and particularly
hydrological modelling. Geostatistical methods (kriging) were used for
interpolation of the studied climate variables. The kriging cross-validation
revealed improved performance for precipitation compared to the original
dataset expressed by the median of the root mean squared errors standardized
by standard deviation of observations (0.59 vs. 0.79). Kriging errors were
negatively correlated with station density only for the period
1951–1970. Values of the root mean squared error normalized to the standard deviation (RMSEsd) were equal to 0.52 and 0.4 for minimum and maximum
temperature, respectively, suggesting a small to moderate improvement over the
original dataset. Relative humidity and wind speed exhibited lower
performance, with median RMSEsd equal to 0.82 and 0.87, respectively. The
dataset is openly available from the 4TU Centre for Research Data at
https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:a3bed3b8-e22a-4b68-8d75-7b87109c9feb (Piniewski et al., 2020).
Strategies for adapting to hazards and environmental inequalities in coastal urban areas: what kind of resilience for these territories?
Authors: Long Nathalie , Cornut Pierre , Kolb Virginia
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The ongoing phenomenon of climate change is leading to an upsurge in the
number of extreme events. Territories must adapt to these modifications in
order to protect their populations and the properties present in coastal
areas. The adaptation of coastal areas also aims to make them more resilient to future events. In this article, we examine two strategies for adapting to coastal risks: holding the coastal line through hard constructions such as seawalls or ripraps and the managed retreat of activities and populations to a part of the territory not exposed to hazards. In France, these approaches are financed by a solidarity insurance system at the national level as well as local taxes. These solidarity systems aim to compensate the affected populations and finance implementation of the strategies chosen by local authorities. However, the French mainland coast generally attracts affluent residents, the price of land being higher than inland. This situation induces the presence of inequalities in these territories, inequalities which can be maintained or reinforced in the short and medium term when a defense strategy based on hard constructions is implemented. In such a trajectory, it appears that these territories would be less resilient in the long term because of the maintenance costs of the structures and the uncertainties relating to the hazards (submersion, rising sea levels, erosion). Conversely, with a managed-retreat strategy, inequalities would instead be done away with since property and populations would no longer be exposed to hazards, which would cost society less and would lead these territories towards greater resilience in the long term. Only one social group would be strongly impacted by this strategy in the short term when they are subjected to a managed retreat to another part of the territory.
Challenges in predicting Greenland supraglacial lake drainages at the regional scale
Authors: Poinar Kristin , Andrews Lauren C.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. A leading hypothesis for the mechanism of fast supraglacial lake drainages is that transient extensional stresses briefly allow crevassing in otherwise compressional ice flow regimes. Lake water can then hydrofracture a crevasse to the base of the ice sheet, and river inputs can maintain this connection as a moulin. If future ice sheet models are to accurately represent moulins, we must understand their formation processes, timescales, and locations. Here, we use remote-sensing velocity products to constrain the relationship between strain rates and lake drainages across ∼ 1600 km2 in Pâkitsoq, western Greenland, between 2002–2019. We find significantly more extensional background strain rates at moulins associated with fast-draining lakes than at slow-draining or non-draining lake moulins. We test whether moulins in more extensional background settings drain their lakes earlier, but we find insignificant correlation. To investigate the frequency at which strain-rate transients are associated with fast lake drainage, we examined Landsat-derived strain rates over 16 and 32 d periods at moulins associated with 240 fast-lake-drainage events over 18 years. A low signal-to-noise ratio, the presence of water, and the multi-week repeat cycle obscured any resolution of the hypothesized transient strain rates. Our results support the hypothesis that transient strain rates drive fast lake drainages. However, the current generation of ice sheet velocity products, even when stacked across hundreds of fast lake drainages, cannot resolve these transients. Thus, observational progress in understanding lake drainage initiation will rely on field-based tools such as GPS networks and photogrammetry.
PENGARUH POLITICAL CONNECTION DAN FOREIGN OWNERSHIP TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN MELALUI CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Tangke Paulus
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of political connection and foreign ownership on firm value through corporate social responsibility by using secondary data in the form of financial statements of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2006-2015. This study uses path analysis with a multiple regression statistical test with the help of SPSS Version 24 software. This study uses stakeholder theory as the main theory and legitimacy theory as a supporting theory. The results of this study indicate that Political Connection has a positive and significant effect on Corporate Social Responsibility but has no significant effect on Firm Value. While ForeignOwnership has a positive and significant effect on CSR and Corporate Value. The results of the sobel test from this study indicate that CSR is a type no mediation in relation to political connection with Corporate Value, also in the relationship of foreign ownership with Corporate Value, the CSR variable is type no mediation.
Maximal and Submaximal Cardiorespiratory Responses to a Novel Graded Karate Test
Authors: Hausen Matheus , Freire Raul , Machado Andréa B. , Pereira Glauber R. , Millet Grégoire P. , Itaborahy Alex
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed to propose and assess the physiological responses of a novel graded karate test. Ten male national-level karate athletes (age 26 ± 5 yrs; body mass 69.5 ± 11.6 kg; height 1.70 ± 0.09 m) performed two exercise tests (separated by 2-7 days): 1) a running-based cardiopulmonary exercise test; 2) a graded karate test. The cardiopulmonary exercise test was comprised of an individualized ramp protocol for treadmill running, and the graded karate test was comprised of a sequence of ‘kisami-gyaku-zuki” punching at a fixed frequency of a stationary target that becomes progressively distant. Cardiorespiratory responses, blood lactate concentration, and perceived exertion were measured. A verification phase was also performed in both tests to confirm the maximal physiological outcomes. The graded karate test evoked similar maximal responses to the running protocol: V̇O2 (57.4 ± 5.1 vs 58.3 ± 3.5 mL·kg-1·min-1; p = 0.53), heart rate (192 ± 6 vs 193 ± 10]beats.min-1; p = 0.62) and blood lactate (14.6 ± 3.4 vs 13.1 ± 3.0 mmol·L-1; p = 0.14) with a shorter duration (351 ± 71 vs 640 ± 9 s; p < 0.001). Additionally, the graded karate test evoked higher V̇O2 (72.6 ± 6.5 vs 64.4 ± 4.3 %V̇O2MAX; p = 0.005) and heart rate (89.4 ± 4.6 vs 77.3 ± 7.2 %HRMAX p < 0.001) at the ventilatory threshold and a higher heart rate (97.0 ± 2.4 vs 92.9 ± 2.2 %HRMAX; p = 0.02) at the respiratory compensation point. Incremental and verification phases evoked similar responses in V̇O2 and minute-ventilation during both tests. This novel displacement-based sport-specific test evoked similar maximal and higher submaximal responses, indicating a superior pathway to assess karate athletes.
Undeclared Doping Substances are Highly Prevalent in Commercial Sports Nutrition Supplements
Authors: Duiven Erik , van Loon Luc J.C. , Spruijt Laila , Koert Willem , de Hon Olivier M.
Published: March 2021

Sports nutrition supplements have previously been reported to contain undeclared doping substances. The use of such supplements can lead to general health risks and may give rise to unintentional doping violations in elite sports. To assess the prevalence of doping substances in a range of high-risk sports nutrition supplements available from Dutch web shops. A total of 66 sports nutrition supplements - identified as potentially high-risk products claiming to modulate hormone regulation, stimulate muscle mass gain, increase fat loss, and/or boost energy - were selected from 21 different brands and purchased from 17 web shops. All products were analyzed for doping substances by the UK life sciences testing company LGC, formerly known as the Laboratory of the Government Chemist, using an extended version of their ISO17025 accredited nutritional supplement screen. A total of 25 out of the 66 products (38%) contained undeclared doping substances, which included high levels of the stimulants oxilofrine, β-methylphenethylamine (BMPEA) and N,β-dimethylphenethylamine (NBDMPEA), the stimulant 4-methylhexan-2-amine (methylhexaneamine, 1,3-dimethylamylamine, DMAA), the anabolic steroids boldione (1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione) and 5-androstene-3β,17α-diol (17α-AED), the beta-2 agonist higenamine and the beta-blocker bisoprolol. Based upon the recommended dose and the potential variability of analyte concentration, the ingestion of some products identified within this study could pose a significant risk of unintentional doping violations. In addition to inadvertent doping risks, the prescribed use of 3 products (4.5%) could likely impose general health risks.
Cambios en la localización residencial de la inmigración en el área metropolitana de Sevilla: De la preferencia a la restricción residencial
Authors: De Oliveira Neves Gwendoline , Hurtado Rodríguez Claudia , Iglesias Pascual Ricardo
Published: March 2021

Los procesos de segregación y preferencia residencial entre la sociedad de acogida y los diferentes grupos étnicos han generado un prolífico debate académico, que se ha plasmado entre otras en las denominadas teorías de la amenaza y el contacto. Este artículo pretende aportar a dicho debate mediante el estudio del comportamiento espacial de la población inmigrante. Para ello se han creado dos grupos de estudio, según su grado de rechazo social en la sociedad española, relacionándolos con la idea de preferencia y restricción residencial. Los resultados en el área metropolitana de Sevilla durante el periodo 2003-2013, muestran una clara separación entre las zonas de concentración residencial de ambos grupos. Dicha división aumenta con el incremento de la inmigración económica en Sevilla, reafirmando la tendencia ya observada en otros estudios a la preferencia de la sociedad de acogida por barrios social y étnicamente uniformes.