bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of large transverse fasciocutaneous cross leg flap (whole leg flap) in lower extremity salvage
Authors: Zade Manish , Nakade Dhananjay , Mehta Jitendra , Shahane Pawan , Gupta Shitiz , Bhajipale Sanjay
Published: April 2017

Background: Extensive soft tissue defects of leg, ankle and foot are challenge to reconstructive surgeons due to lack of local tissue. Microvascular flap coverage has become a standard line of treatment as large amount of tissue transfer is required. Large transverse fasciocutaneous cross leg flap remains an alternative for reconstruction of such extensive defects. We present our experience with this flap in 14 patients.Methods: A total of 14 patients were operated for large transverse fasciocutaneous cross leg flap cover for defects over leg (9), ankle and foot (3) and sole (2). Age group ranged from 4 years to 50 years with 4 patients below 12 years of age. Male to female ratio was 5:2. Flaps were divided at 3weeks and final inset was done.Results: 11 patients had complete flap survival. Two patients had marginal necrosis and one patient had superficial necrosis of proximal flap margin after flap division. One patient with partial skin graft loss at donor area required secondary skin grafting at the time of flap division. Average hospital stay was 34.5 days (range 10 - 50 days). The donor limb had no joint stiffness related to immobilisation and cosmetic outcome of flap and donor area was satisfactory.Conclusions: large transverse fasciocutaneous cross leg flap is safe, technically easy and is associated with minimal donor site morbidity. It offers the possibility of limb salvage in difficult situations.
Comparison of nebulized ketamine and ketamine with clonidine in postoperative sore throat
Authors: Jain Sunita , Bendwal Hari Prasad , Gohiya Sarita , Alwani Neil , Pancholi Santosh , Romday Rakesh
Published: April 2017

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) consider a minor ailment in patients receiving general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, seen in 21-65% cases but it causes significant distress and increases postoperative morbidity and patient dissatisfaction. This study was done to compare nebulized ketamine and ketamine with clonidine to treat POST.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind control clinical study. After approval from institution ethical and scientific committee, study was conducted in between May 2015-April 2016. Written and informed consent was obtained from 100 patients of either sex aged between 20-65 years. ASA I-II, undergoing surgery in supine position lasting up to two hour. Patients were randomized into two groups Group K (n=50) nebulized with 50 mg ketamine (1cc) + 3cc NS =4cc, Group KC (n=50) nebulized with ketamine 50mg (1cc) + clonidine 150µg (1cc) + 2cc NS for 15 min, before general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. The POST and hemodynamic variable were monitored before nebulization, after nebulization, before induction, on arrival to PACU and at 4, 8, 12, 24 hours post operatively. POST was graded on 4 point scale (0-3).Results: Overall incidence of POST was 46% (Group K-40%, KC-6%). The Incidence and severity of POST were significantly attenuated in Group KC in comparison to Group K at 4 hours (P= 0.002), 8 hours (P=0.000), 12 hours (P= 0.000) and at 24 hours (P=0.000).Conclusions: Preoperative nebulization with clonidine and ketamine mixture compared to ketamine is more effective in dealing with postoperative sore throat with no adverse effects.
A comparative study of tension band wiring and encirclage in treating transverse fractures of patella
Authors: Mohapatra Subrat , Das Pulin Bihari , Krishnakumar R. V. , Rath Sibanarayan , Padhy Rabindra N.
Published: April 2017

Background: The functional and radiological outcome of the union of transverse fractures of patella treated by tension band wiring (TBW) and encirclage wiring were compared according to WEST’s criteria.Methods: During three years, 44 patients with displaced transverse fracture patella were treated randomly either by TBW or encirclage with twenty-two patients in each group. Two patients in each group were lost to follow-up.Results: Results were compared based on the period of union, post-operative complications, early mobilization and recovery to pre-injury level. Fractures united at an average of 13.6 weeks with 8-12 and 10-14 weeks in TBW and the encirclage group, respectively. Results were excellent in 65%, good in 25% and poor in 10% cases in TBW group, as compared to the encirclage group with excellent in 50%, good in 30% and poor in 20% cases. In TBW group, 75% cases had a full range of motion (ROM), 15% had >120° of flexion and 10% had flexion between 90° and 120°, as compared to 50% full ROM, 30% >120° of flexion and 20% between 90° and120° flexion in the encirclage group.  A case of migration of pin and another case of limitation of flexion by 25° were noticed.Conclusions: Patients treated with TBW had better results than the encirclage in the management of transverse fractures of the patella.
A study on diabetes mellitus among diabetic foot ulcer patients in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Gopinath Vinu , Rajan S. Soundara
Published: April 2017

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which occurs either when the pancreas does not reproduce enough insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar level or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Hyperglycemia or raised blood sugar level is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the system of the body especially nerves and blood vessels. Diabetes mellitus has become the cause for growing public health concern in developing countries as it has been for a long time in most developed ones. The reason for increase in prevalence of diabetes mellitus in developing countries may include unhealthy life style, rapid westernization, poor knowledge, negative attitude and poor practice towards diabetes mellitus among general population. Objective of the study was to find out the knowledge, and awareness towards diabetes mellitus among diabetic foot ulcer patients attending in a tertiary care Centre.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the surgical outpatient department of a tertiary care Centre. All diabetic foot ulcer patients attending surgical outpatient department for the period of two months was included. Juvenile diabetic patients, Type II diabetes mellitus patients with co morbidities are excluded.Results: Out of the 100-study participant’s majority are males (61%). 55% of the study participants are not aware of the major cause of diabetes mellitus. 92% of the population knew the accurate method of monitoring diabetes mellitus. 70.6% of people are aware of normal blood sugar level. 51% of people are aware of the complications of diabetes mellitus and 84.3% of people know the symptoms of diabetes mellitus. 68.6% of the population knew regular exercise can control diabetes mellitus yet only 50.8% of population exercise regularly.Conclusions: This study reflects that there is a need to improve diabetic knowledge among the patients which can be achieved through health education.
A study on HbA1c profile in children with asthma using inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Daniel Sunil , O. Jose
Published: April 2017

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of treatment for persistent bronchial asthma in children. Even though ICS is comparatively safe, few systemic toxicities have been reported. We have conducted a study on HbA1c profile of 170 asthmatic children who are on ICS for atleast 6 months. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), Postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels were measured before initiating ICS and after 6 months using venous blood samples. HbA1c measured using immunoassay. The objective of the study was to detect prevalence of significant hyperglycemia among children with asthma who are on inhaled corticosteroids. Study design used as a prospective follow up study, setting of the study was to Pediatric asthma clinic, Govt. TDMCH, Alappuzha, Study population used Children between 3 to 12 years attending pediatric asthma clinic.Methods: Cumulative doses of ICS and bronchodialators were measured by providing an asthma diary to mark the dose of medication. FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c levels were measured before initiating ICS and after 6 months. To elucidate the assosiations comparisons between different parameters Chi-square test was used as non-parametric test. Student’s T- test was used to compare mean values between 2 groups and different groups. Initial and follow up two groups of HbA1c and ICS administrations were compared using paired and unpaired T-test.Results: There is a significant increase in the mean HbA1c of the total study population before and after treatment with ICS.Conclusions: Long term use of ICS can affect glucose metabolism of asthmatic children.
Infant feeding practices among nursing mothers at rural tertiary care hospital
Authors: K. Srinivasa , Patel Abhishek , J. Ajay , G. A. Manjunath
Published: April 2017

Background: Breastfeeding (BF) is nature’s way of providing nutrition required for healthy growth and development of the young infant. The early child growth needs healthy infant feeding practices including exclusive breastfeeding and timely complementary feeds. The present study was carried out to assess the pattern of infant feeding and its relation to certain care practices of maternity and the newborn, and to assess the knowledge of mothers, who had delivered in the last one year.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among 202 mothers in the pediatric and obstetrics department of tertiary care hospital. The mothers with children under the age of 1 year were interviewed following which descriptive statistics were obtained.Results: Out of 202 mothers, majority of the mothers were of age less than 30 years (79.7%) and were Hindus (74.2%). The majority were housewives (98.5%), illiterate (71.7%), multiparous (67.8%). Most of the mothers were belonged to a lower socioeconomic class (95.5%). About 17.8% babies had not received colostrum. Majority of the mothers had initiated breastfeeding (79.2%) within 24 hours of delivery. About 46.5% of the respondents were not aware of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. About 25% of the mothers started complementary feeding before the child was six months old. The most common type of complementary food given was semisolid (53.4%). About 14.1% of the mothers had started giving semi-solid foods before the baby was six months of age. A majority of the mothers had no advice on infant feeding.Conclusions: Knowledge regarding the timely initiation of breast feeding, advantages of exclusive breast feeding and proper weaning practice is less among the mothers of rural area. So, advice about breastfeeding and complementary feeding during antenatal check-ups, postnatal, and during Immunization visits might improve feeding practices.
Platelet rich plasma in treatment of plantar fascitis
Authors: Venkatseh Kumar N. , S. M. Arvind Kumar , S. Udayamoorthy , Kumar Krishna
Published: April 2017

Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been a breakthrough in the field of medicine especially in the field of orthopaedics for enhancing bone and soft tissue healing. Plantar Fasciitis is a very common problem in the field of orthopaedics and are very difficult to treat and a challenge to orthopaedicians. The aim of our study was to find out the efficacy of autologous PRP in relieving pain in patients with plantar fasciitis.

Methods: In this study, 25 patients with plantar fasciitis (age above 18 years) were selected. The pain intensity was assessed with visual analogue score initially and during follow up. All subjects were given single autologous intra-lesional PRP injection and the results were assessed using difference in VAS.

Results: The mean pain score at presentation was 8.08. The mean pain scores at subsequent intervals of 1,2,4,6 months after injection were 4.32, 2.60, 1.88 & 2.00 respectively. (P<0.05 which is statistically significant). The maximum pain relief was seen at 4th month post PRP injection and the pain relief was sustained till the last follow up.

Conclusions: From our study we have found that Intra-lesional autologous PRP is effective in relieving pain in patients with plantar fasciitis. PRP is biological and can be a safe adjuvant in the treatment of Plantar Fasciitis.
Estudo das condições microbiológicas e teores de nitrito em salames produzidos no Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe – Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Araldi Edimar Z. , Moreira Jessica , Mazurek Leticia , Araldi Lenir Z. , Ariotti Ana Paula , Soares Fabiana Andreia A. S. M.
Published: April 2017

A região Meio-Oeste de Santa Catarina merece destaque na produção de suínos pelos grandes frigoríficos instalados. A imigração italiana trouxe também para esta região pequenas indústrias beneficiadoras com o intuito de agregar valor e produzir produtos cárneos, como salames. Os pequenos frigoríficos processadores situados na região do Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe, não possuem laboratórios próprios para monitorar a qualidade das matérias-primas utilizadas na fabricação de salames nem mesmo do produto a ser destinado ao consumidor; por conta disso, as amostras são enviadas a laboratórios de terceiros onde se avalia o produto, comprovando sua qualidade e o cumprimento das exigências legais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de salames produzidos por três empresas do Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe, bem como determinar os teores de nitritos e compará-los aos valores estabelecidos pela Legislação vigente no País. As análises foram executadas entre agosto e setembro de 2016 utilizando metodologia oficial determinada pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Concluiu-se que todas as amostras atenderam aos padrões microbiológicos exigidos pela Legislação. Os resultados obtidos para as análises de nitrito demonstram que 100% das amostras das três marcas analisadas continham teores de nitritos dentro da Legislação vigente, ou seja, abaixo de 150 mg/kg, o que prova que a produção de salames em pequenas agroindústrias desta região do Estado de Santa Catarina encontra-se em condições seguras de consumo.Palavras-chave: Embutidos cárneos. Conservantes. Nitrito de sódio. Contaminação de alimentos. Padrões microbiológicos.
Sumário
Authors: Diersmann Admin Débora
Published: April 2017

Sumário
Aperçu Sur La Place De La Demarche D’investigation En Sciences Experimentales Dans L’enseignement Du Secondaire Qualifiant Cas De L’academie De La Ville De Fes
Authors: Kouchou Ihsane , Kaddari Fatiha , Bennis Nezha , Hour Rida Hajji , Bouayad Asmae
Published: April 2017

The investigative approach (DI) demonstrates more and more its potential in teaching. Indeed, it enables students to develop skills, attitudes and interests, which are necessary to live in a society increasingly dependent on the applications of science. This study falls within the framework of research studies questioning the application of the investigative approach in the teaching of science in Morocco. In this work, we aim to highlight the representations of secondary school teachers about the concept of investigative approach, see whether this approach is adopted or not in the teaching of experimental sciences disciplines (Science of life and earth, Science of physics and chemistry) and determine the constraints and the obstacles to its implementation. In order to achieve these objectives, a questionnaire was drawn up and was the subject of an exploratory study among 45 teachers of experimental sciences practicing in different secondary schools in Fez city. The results of this survey reveal, firstly, that the teachers questioned seem to have confusions about the investigation process and secondly, they highlight the presence of a set of constraints and difficulties which prevent its application in the classroom.
Regards Sur L’analyse Criminelle
Authors: Gakoue Sokrou Adélaïde
Published: April 2017

Criminal analysis, which is a complementary tool for carrying out investigation, reflects a modern conception of criminal investigation. During these investigations, two main categories of analysis were combined: strategic and operational. They are linked to the offense, to the author, and to the method of crime control. Criminal analysis is also a valuable method that optimizes the results of the judicial inquiry through the use of state-of-the-art technology. To achieve their objectives, and for the sake of efficiency, experts in criminal analysis combines their techniques with those of criminal profiling. However, difficulties in the production of certain graphical representations exists, giving rise to the need to consolidate the methods practiced.
Integrando La Música En La Educación Infantil A Través Del Equipo Docente Interdisciplinar
Authors: Pastor Rosa María Serrano
Published: April 2017

School education is a complex process in which students and teachers interact in a context. In order to obtain an adequate and complete advance in the field of educational research, it is necessary to study in depth the different parts of this process. This article focuses on the study of the interdisciplinary teamwork of teachers in a project on the awareness of the linguistic discourse, verbal and musical, in early childhood education. In this project the generalist teachers carried out the music-verbal activities with their students. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of the work in teaching team, composed by generalist teachers and music specialist, in this project; examining the parameters that influence its functioning and observing the benefits of its application. The analysis has been carried out from the qualitative methodology, finding that previous knowledge and experience of each teacher, positive interdependence between them, shared responsibility and the role of the music specialist and of the School influence the proper functioning of this group. The teamwork carried out in this project has reported benefits, among which are the production of linguistic knowledge, training and professional development of the teachers involved. It is valued that the project is not only beneficial for students but also for teachers.
Perceptions of Prospective ICT Teachers Regarding Usability of Subliminal Message Techniques in Education
Authors: Arslan Hasan , Ozdemir Muzaffer , Kuscu Meltem
Published: April 2017

Human brain is two hemispheres filled with secrets. What happens in the brain has always a research source and mystery for human. Some researchers associating human behaviors with the subconscious reported that if they reached to subconscious they could make the human demonstrate the desired behaviors. Researchers thinking like that have become the essential advisors for the advertisement sector trying to direct people to consumption especially. While the advertisement sector tries to make people buy things that dont need it also brought new concepts in the science world. The most known and emphasized one are subliminal messages. The purpose of this study is to examine use of subliminal messages for education from the point of view of students Computer and Instructional Technologies Education (CEIT). Since subliminal messages are dealt in terms of information technologies generally, opinions of CEIT senior class students dominating this field were referred. Interview technique one of the qualitative research methods was used in the study. In this study 42 students participated in the research. According to findings of the study, CEIT students expressed an opinion that subliminal messages could be beneficial for the education. It was found out that the most preferred method for education materials to be prepared is cartoon for students. It was expressed that 25. square technique was the most proper method as the subliminal method.
Rojas Otálora, Jorge E. (ed.), Tradición clásica: propuestas e interpretaciones, México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2015 (Supplementum X, Nova Tellus), 216 págs.
Authors: Juárez Carbajal Alberto
Published: April 2017

Resultan sumamente interesantes los seis años transcurridos desde el 2009 a la fecha en que se han publicado los Suplementos de Nova Tellus porque, a través de este medio, diversos especialistas demuestran y testifican el continuo empeño por investigar qué es la Tradición clásica; del mismo modo, porque, al contribuir en el análisis de dicho asunto, forman parte de él. Académicos interdisciplinarios se reunieron en el Primer Simposio Internacional sobre Tradición Clásica hace dos años y, como culmen de las reflexiones ahí meditadas, han salido a luz estos valiosos estudios. Los trabajos aquí abordados contienen diversas maneras de descifrar el imbricado concepto de Tradición clásica; no obstante, todos los autores muestran sagacidad para ofrecer panoramas y perspectivas acerca de esta enigmática cuestión que presume ser compleja e indescifrable.
Gestão compartilhada no Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre: desafios e oportunidades
Authors: Rando Ayri Saraiva , Maranho Alisson Sobrinho , Scarcello Miguel
Published: April 2017

A gestão de unidades de conservação é de extrema relevância ao desenvolvimento regional da Amazônia, somando-se os desafios da economia extrativa, das grandes obras de infraestrutura e os possíveis efeitos das mudanças climáticas. O baixo nível de implementação das unidades de conservação no Brasil, aliado à baixa ou média efetividade da gestão nas mesmas indicam a necessidade de mudanças na forma de gerir tais áreas protegidas. Este artigo analisa a gestão compartilhada como alternativa à elevação desta efetividade no Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, Acre. O mesmo utiliza-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e do levantamento documental.
Análise da produção de biogás sob diferentes cenários de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos no município de Inconfidentes – MG
Authors: Moreira Letícia de Alcântara , Silva Thaís Aparecida Costa da , Barros Regina Mambeli
Published: April 2017

A preocupação com os impactos negativos causados pela disposição inadequada dos resíduos sólidos tem crescido, principalmente no que se refere a sua influência sobre a atmosfera. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a emissão de gases do efeito estufa sob diferentes cenários de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos do município de Inconfidentes – MG, considerando os aspectos de crescimento populacional em um período de 30 anos, utilizando como ferramenta a planilha Warm. Após a análise dos dados obtidos foi possível constatar que a emissão de gases de efeito estufa são constantes, e são acrescidas com o aumento da geração de resíduos sólidos. Quantos aos cenários propostos observou-se que os mesmos não foram capazes de reduzir a emissão de gases, bem como tiveram o uso energético aumentado. Contudo, devem-se analisar outros fatores que estão associados ao manejo do cenário referência.
Editorial L&E 11 (1): Planejamento territorial, patrimônio e arqueologia social
Authors: Argollo Ferrão André Munhoz de
Published: April 2017

A revista Labor & Engenho apresenta ao público o seu primeiro número do Volume 11. Nesta edição, 7 artigos constituem um conjunto consistente e elucidativo sobre o Tema “planejamento territorial, patrimônio e arqueologia social”. Seguindo uma linha editorial que há mais de 10 anos confere identi-dade ao periódico, o presente número proporciona ao leitor uma sequência harmoniosa de leitura, envolvendo artigos resultantes de pesquisa acadêmica das áreas de engenharia ambiental, arquite-tura e urbanismo, patrimônio e arqueologia social — como sempre, tratando de questões afetas ao desenvolvimento local e regional sustentável, ordenamento do território e da paisagem.
“Geografias públicas” da sociabilidade juvenil do/no movimento hip-hop
Authors: Adami Lucas Renato , Nabozny Almir
Published: April 2017

Como a sociabilidade juvenil interiorizada do/no movimento social hip-hop entrelaça-se com os espaços públicos urbanos do município de Ponta Grossa – PR? Os procedimentos de pesquisas são configurados por meio de trabalhos de campo, entrevistas narrativas e com grupos focais. Exploram-se do movimento hip-hop “os sujeitos” do graffiti e o rap. A reflexão a partir do espaço e das representações possibilita uma articulação com o social, tensionadas entre as apropriações juvenis e a ordem racional do Estado. O “público” constitui o hip-hop, mas os jovens constroem novas representações do espaço em suas manifestações artísticas, formando uma “cartografia simbólica” que expressa as trajetórias espaços temporais dos sujeitos a partir de seus discursos e ações no espaço público de Ponta Grossa – PR.
Adaptação e aplicação de experimento de erosão do solo em escola pública: reflexões didático-pedagógicas.
Authors: Quadros Letícia Severina , Sartori José Eduardo , Nascimento Nádia Regina
Published: April 2017

A geoética é um campo interdisciplinar da ética aplicada às geociências, invocando uma atitude ética e responsável da humanidade para com a geosfera. Para isto, a formação de uma consciência ambiental e a difusão da educação ambiental são essenciais, especialmente nos jovens. Assim, a escola se torna o palco ideal para se discutir e desenvolver projetos de educação ambiental. No presente trabalho discute-se sobre a utilização da experimentação como ferramenta didática. Além disso, descreve-se a adaptação de um simulador portátil de erosão do solo, relatando os resultados obtidos da aplicação do experimento em uma aula prática em escola pública. A abordagem didática adotada foi a de estimular a participação ativa e o compartilhamento de experiências dos próprios alunos através de atividades interativas. Deste modo, buscou-se aprimorar a percepção, a capacidade analítica, bem como exercitar a reflexão e o senso crítico dos estudantes, desenvolvendo assim uma educação emancipatória. A avaliação preliminar e qualitativa das atividades mostrou um ganho efetivo de aprendizado. Assim, este trabalho contribuirá para a inclusão do ensino das Geociências nas Escolas.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad en médicos del Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud en Lima, Perú.
Authors: Velarde Inchaustegui Myriam Mercedes , Vattuone Echevarria Jorge Adolfo , Gomez Velarde Myriam Elizabeth , Vilchez Fernandez Leidi
Published: April 2017

Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), exhibe una prevalencia mundial del 5% y la mayoría de las consultas médicas tienen lugar en clínicas de Atención Primaria.En tal contexto, se plantea la necesidad de que los médicos del Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud (SERUM) conozcan suficientemente aspectos del diagnóstico y manejo de este trastorno, para su oportuna derivación al especialista. Objetivos: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento que tienen los médicos serumistas en relación al diagnóstico, manejo y pronóstico del TDAH. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal basado en la aplicación de una encuesta a médicos serumistas, revisada por la Asociación de Profesionales Peruanos para el estudio del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad. Resultados. De un total de 550 encuestas, 63,5% (349) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se encontró que el 80,5 % de estos probandos tenían un alto nivel de conocimiento general sobre el TDAH. Sin embargo, sólo el 16,9% mostró un nivel similar en relación al diagnóstico y el 73,1% alcanzó un nivel de conocimiento medio. En relación al tratamiento, 56,2 % de la muestra tuvo un nivel alto y 39,8 %, un nivel medio de conocimiento. Conclusiones: Los médicos serumistas encuestados en Lima muestran un alto nivel de conocimiento global en relación al TDAH, consideran apropiadamente el tratamiento mixto de elección y dan importancia al pronóstico del paciente no tratado. La mayoría, sin embargo, no basa su diagnóstico en los criterios del DSM5 o CIE 10 y no identifican fármacos de primera línea para el manejo del trastorno. Se postula la necesidad de mejorar estos aspectos.
Efectos de la música sobre las funciones cognitivas
Authors: Custodio Nilton , Cano-Campos María
Published: April 2017

La música es un tipo de lenguaje encaminado a comunicar, evocar y reforzar diversas emociones. El procesamiento de la música es independiente del correspondiente al sistema del habla personal. El uso de circuitos independientes hace que uno pueda estar gravemente afectado en tanto que el otro puede hallarse totalmente indemne. El procesamiento de la música tiene lugar mediante canales separados por un sistema multimodal para los elementos temporales (ritmo), melódicos (tono, timbre, melodía), memoria y respuesta emocional. El cerebro entrenado musicalmente experimenta particulares cambios en su anatomía y funcionalidad. Los efectos de la exposición a la música de Mozart (Efecto Mozart), cuando ocurren, son transitorios y se restringen a una habilidad específica (visuo-espacial); por lo tanto, no están asociados con variaciones en funciones relacionadas con la inteligencia.
Overhanging Features and the SLM/DMLS Residual Stresses Problem: Review and Future Research Need
Authors: Patterson Albert E. , Messimer Sherri L. , Farrington Phillip A.
Published: April 2017

A useful and increasingly common additive manufacturing (AM) process is the selective laser melting (SLM) or direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process. SLM/DMLS can produce full-density metal parts from difficult materials, but it tends to suffer from severe residual stresses introduced during processing. This limits the usefulness and applicability of the process, particularly in the fabrication of parts with delicate overhanging and protruding features. The purpose of this study was to examine the current insight and progress made toward understanding and eliminating the problem in overhanging and protruding structures. To accomplish this, a survey of literature was undertaken, focusing on process modeling (general, heat transfer, stress and distortion, and material models), direct process control (input and environmental control, hardware-in-the-loop monitoring, parameter optimization, and post-processing), experiment development (methods for evaluation, optical and mechanical process monitoring, imaging, and design-of-experiments), support structure optimization, and overhang feature design; approximately 140 published works were examined. The major findings of this study were that a small minority of the literature on SLM/DMLS deals explicitly with the overhanging stress problem, but some fundamental work has been done on the problem. Implications, needs, and potential future research directions are discussed in-depth in light of the present review.
High-Performance Microcrystalline Cellulose/Soy Protein Isolate-Based Nanocomposite Film via Cu and Zn Nanoclusters Modification
Authors: Li Kuang , Jin Shicun , Chen Hui , He Jing , Li Jianzhang
Published: April 2017

Soy protein isolate (SPI) based materials are abundant, biocompatible, renewable, and biodegradable. In order to improve the tensile strength (TS) of SPI films, we prepared a novel composite film modified with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and metal nanoclusters (NCs) in this research. The effects of the modification of MCC on the properties of SPI-Cu NCs and Zn NCs films were investigated. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy analyses and X-ray diffraction patterns characterized the strong interactions and reduction of the crystalline structure of the composite films. Scanning electron microscope showed the enhanced cross-linked and entangled structure of modified films. Compared with untreated SPI film, the tensile strength of the SPI-MCC-Cu and SPI-MCC-Zn films increased from 2.91 MPa to 13.95 and 6.52 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the results also indicated their favorable water resistance with higher water contact angle. Meanwhile, the composite films exhibited increased initial degradation temperatures, demonstrating their higher thermostability. The results suggested that MCC could effectively improve the performance of SPI-NCs films, which would provide a novel preparation method for environmentally friendly SPI-based films in the applications of packaging materials.
Modulation of NMDA Receptor Activity in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Littlejohn Geoffrey , Guymer Emma
Published: April 2017

Activation of the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) results in increased sensitivity of spinal cord and brain pathways that process sensory information, particularly that which relates pain. The NMDAR shows increased activity in fibromyalgia and hence modulation of the NMDAR is a target for therapeutic intervention. A literature review of interventions impacting on the NMDAR shows a number of drugs to be active on the NMDAR mechanism in fibromyalgia patients, with variable clinical effects. Low-dose intravenous ketamine and oral memantine both show clinically useful benefit in fibromyalgia. However, consideration of side-effects, logistics and cost need to be factored into management decisions regarding use of these drugs in this clinical setting. Overall benefits with current NMDAR antagonists appear modest and there is a need for better strategy trials to clarify optimal dose schedules and to delineate potential longer –term adverse events. Further investigation of the role of the NMDAR in fibromyalgia and the effect of other molecules that modulate this receptor appear important to enhance treatment targets in fibromyalgia.
The impact of tourist traffic on the condition and cell structures of alpine swards
Authors: Kycko Marlena , Zagajewski Bogdan , Romanowska Elżbieta , Zwijacz-Kozica Magdalena , Lavender Samantha
Published: April 2017

This research focuses on the effect of trampling on vegetation in high-mountain ecosystems through the electromagnetic spectrum’s interaction with plant pigments, cell structure, water content and other substances that have a direct impact on leaf properties. The most heavily visited part of the High Tatras in Poland was divided into polygons and, after selecting the dominant species within alpine swards, a detailed analysis of trampled and reference patterns was performed. An ASD FieldSpec 3 was used to acquire high-resolution spectral properties of plants, their fluorescence and the leaf chlorophyll content with the ts-ta temperature index and fraction of accumulated radiation in the range of photosynthesis (fAPAR) used as reference data. The results show that, along tourist trails, vegetation adapts to trampling with the impact depending on the species. A lower chlorophyll value was confirmed by a decrease in fluorescence, and the state of cellular structures was degraded in trampled compared to reference species, with a lower leaf reflectance. Also, at the extreme, trampling can eliminate certain species such as Luzula alpino-pilosa.
Onset of Primary and Secondary Instabilities of Viscoelastic Fluids Saturating a Porous Layer Heated from below by a Constant Flux
Authors: Gueye Abdoulaye , Ouarzazi Mohamed Najib , Hirata Silvia C. , Ben Hamed Haikel
Published: April 2017

We analyze the thermal convection thresholds and linear characteristics of the primary and secondary instabilities for viscoelastic fluids saturating a porous horizontal layer heated from below by a constant flux. Galerkin method is used to solve the eigenvalue problem by taking into account the elasticity of the fluid, the ratio between the viscosity of the solvent and the total viscosity of the fluid and the lateral confinement of the medium. For the primary instability, we found out that depending on the rheological parameters, two types of convective structures may appear when the basic conductive solution loses its stability: stationary long wavelength instability as for Newtonian fluids and oscillatory convection. The effect of the lateral confinement of the porous medium by adiabatic walls is to stabilize the oblique and longitudinal rolls and therefore selects transverse rolls at the onset of convection. In the range of the rheological parameters where stationary long wave instability develops first, we use a parallel flow approximation to determine analytically the velocity and temperature fields associated to the monocellular convective flow. The linear stability analysis of the monocellular flow is performed, and the critical conditions above which the flow becomes unstable are determined. The combined influence of the viscoelastic parameters and the lateral confinement on the characteristics of the secondary instability is quantified. The major new findings concerning the secondary instabilities may be summarized as follows: (i) For concentrated viscoelastic fluids, computations showed that the most amplified mode of convection corresponds to oscillatory transverse rolls which appears via a Hopf bifurcation. This pattern selection is independent of both the fluid elasticity and the lateral confinement of the porous medium; (ii) For diluted viscoelastic fluids, the preferred mode of convection is found to be oscillatory transverse rolls for a very laterally confined medium. Otherwise stationary or oscillatory longitudinal rolls may develop depending on the fluid elasticity. Results also showed the destabilizing effect of the relaxation fluid elasticity and the stabilizing effect of the viscosity ratio for the onset of both primary and secondary instabilities.
Nrf2 Inhibits Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Apoptosis under Excessive Oxidative Stress
Authors: Liu Yanli , Yang Hongxu , Zhao Yinhua , Zhang Min , Chen Yongjin
Published: April 2017

The present study aimed to analyze novel mechanisms underlying Nrf2-mediated anti-apoptosis in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in the periodontitis oxidative microenvironment. We created an oxidative stress model with H2O2-treated PDLSCs. Herein, we used real-time PCR, western blotting, TUNEL staining, fluorogenic assay and transfer genetics to confirm the degree of oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as the Nrf2 function. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that with up-regulated ROS and MDA levels, the effect of oxidative stress was obvious under H2O2 treatment. Anti-oxidative molecules were changed after the H2O2 exposure, whereby the anti-oxidative signaling of Nrf2 was activated with the increase of its downstream effectors, HO-1, NQO1 and γ-GCS. Additionally, the apoptosis levels gradually increased with oxidative stress and changes in the caspase-9, caspase-3, Bax and c-Fos levels, but not with caspase-8 and down-regulated Bcl-2. The enhanced antioxidant effect could not resist the occurrence of apoptosis. Furthermore, Nrf2 overexpression effectively improved the anti-oxidative levels and increased cell proliferation. At the same time, overexpression effectively restrained TUNEL staining and decreased the molecular levels of caspase-9, caspase-3, et al, but not that of caspase-8. By contrast, silencing the expression Nrf2 levels had the opposite effect. Collectively, Nrf2 alleviates PDLSCs via its effects on anti-oxidative and anti-intrinsic apoptosis by the activation of anti-oxidative enzymes.
Effects of Biomimetic Shear Stress by Self-Assembled Gelatin Oleic Nanoparticles Containing Paclitaxel on the Behavior of Cancer Cell Lines in a Microfluidic System
Authors: Kang Taehee , Tran Thuy Thi Thanh , Oh Kyung Taek , Choi Han-Gon , Lee Beom-Jin
Published: April 2017

Fluid flow in human body is generally known to influence a variety of cellular behaviors. Different nanoparticle properties as well as cell type, interaction with other cells and cellular environments also show significant effect on nanoparticle uptake and drug efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of shear stress on cellular behaviors of biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles to cancer cells (A549 cell lines) in a biomimetic microfluidic system. We prepared a gelatin-oleic conjugate (GOC) as an amphiphilic biomaterial to prepare self-assembled gelatin-oleic nanoparticles (GON). Coumarin-6 and paclitaxel were used as the fluorescence marker and model drug, respectively, and were loaded into GONs by incubation (C-GONs; PTX-GONs). Additionally, we evaluated the cellular uptake of fluorescence labeled C-GONs and the drug efficacy of PTX-GONs. The cellular uptake of C-GONs by A549 cells in the absence of shear stress revealed that the mean fluorescence intensity was slightly decreased compared to that in the presence of shear stress. The results also indicated that negatively charged PTX-GONs had a lower cancer killing effect under dynamic conditions than that under static conditions. It also suggested that fluidic shear stress did not significantly affect drug uptake and efficiency in case of PTX-GONs. The cellular interactions between nanoparticles and cells in drug delivery should be carefully examined according to the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles such as the type of materials, size and mainly surface charge in a biomimetic microfluidic condition.
Clinical Results and Prognostic Factors for Outcomes of Valgus Femoral Osteotomy Combined with Chiari Pelvic Osteotomy for Osteoarthritis of the Hip
Authors: Uchiyama Katsufumi , Moriya Mitsutoshi , Fukushima Kensuke , Yamamoto Takeaki , Takahira Naonobu , Takaso Masashi
Published: April 2017

Background:

Surgeons have long debated whether advanced or end-stage osteoarthritis of the hip in young patients should be treated with total hip arthroplasty or osteotomy. We reviewed the intermediate-term clinical results of valgus femoral osteotomy combined with Chiari pelvic osteotomy (VCO) for advanced or end-stage osteoarthritis associated with severe acetabular dysplasia of the hip in young patients and analyzed prognostic factors related to conversion to total hip arthroplasty.

Methods:

The study group included 54 hips in 50 patients (5 men and 45 women; average age at the time of surgery, 45.6 years). The minimum and average durations of follow-up were 10 and 17.6 years, respectively. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score (JOA score) was used for clinical evaluation. The probability of survival of the VCO from the time of the operation until the end point of conversion to total hip arthroplasty was calculated with use of the Kaplan-Meier method. We defined prognostic factors of outcome (conversion to total hip arthroplasty) with the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results:

The mean total JOA score increased from 53.0 points preoperatively to 77.1 points at 1 year postoperatively, 81.6 points at 5 years, and 76.8 points at 10 years. The survival rates were 83.3%, 59.7%, and 46.9% at 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively. On univariate and multivariate analyses, patients with a low degree of acetabular roof obliquity had better postoperative results.

Conclusions:

VCO is a surgical approach that preserves joint function in young patients with advanced or end-stage osteoarthritis associated with severe acetabular dysplasia of the hip. The postoperative prognosis of VCO was improved in patients with a low degree of acetabular roof obliquity.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Establishment of Perennial Groundcovers for Maize‐Based Bioenergy Production Systems
Authors: Bartel Cynthia A. , Banik Chumki , Lenssen Andrew W. , Moore Kenneth J. , Laird David A. , Archontoulis Sotirios V. , Lamkey Kendall R.
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Assessment of living mulch establishment in soybean and maize row crop systems.

Differences in elite soybean and maize germplasm responses to living mulch.

Impact of living mulch establishment on soybean and maize production.

With increasing removal of maize (Zea mays L.) stover for cellulosic biofuels, livestock bedding, and feedstuffs, there exists a need to address natural resources‐related issues such as soil erosion, nitrate leaching, and loss of organic matter content. Perennial groundcover (PGC) offers a potential solution for alleviating these problems associated with maize stover removal from conventional cropping systems. We conducted a field study to ascertain the costs of PGC establishment on the primary crop of economic interest and groundcover success under a maize or soybean (Glycine max L.) crop. To test this concept, we established either Kentucky bluegrass (KB) (Poa pratensis L.) or creeping red fescue (CF) (Festuca rubra L.) as living mulch (LM) concurrently with either maize or soybean, documenting impacts on crop maturity, stand density, leaf area index (LAI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grain yield, grain quality, yield components, and stover C and N. First‐year maize and first‐ and second‐year soybean in the no LM control yielded on average 13.00, 3.38, and 4.86 Mg ha−1, respectively, 30, 84, and 27% greater than LM systems. However, yield did not significantly differ in the second site‐year between the no LM and LM maize. Moreover, PGC treatments did not affect expected ethanol yield in the second year, averaging 5459 L ha−1 in Year 2 over all treatments. These results indicate that further research is needed to achieve both groundcover establishment and subsequent natural resources benefits in row crop production while minimizing impact on yield.
Population Structure and Genomewide Association Analysis of Resistance to Disease and Insensitivity to Ptr Toxins in Canadian Spring Wheat Using 90K SNP Array
Authors: Perez‐Lara Enid , Semagn Kassa , Tran Van Anh , Ciechanowska Izabela , Chen Hua , Iqbal Muhammad , N'Diaye Amidou , Pozniak Curtis , Strelkov Stephen E. , Hucl Pierre J. , Graf Robert J. , Randhawa Harpinder , Spaner D.
Published: April 2017

Leaf rust, yellow (stripe) rust, common bunt, and tan spot are economically significant diseases affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Canada. In this study, we investigated the genetic relationship and population structure of 81 Canadian western spring wheat cultivars released primarily between 1963 and 2011 and identified genomic regions associated with resistance to the above four diseases and insensitivity to three Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Ptr) toxins (Ptr ToxA, Ptr ToxB and Ptr ToxC). The cultivars were evaluated for field reaction to the four diseases and for reaction to the three Ptr toxins in a greenhouse and were genotyped with a subset of 19,919 of the wheat 90K single‐nucleotide polymorphic array and 11 gene‐specific markers. There were large genetic differences among pairwise comparisons of cultivars, except six pairs that showed <0.05 genetic distance. The cultivars exhibited clear population structure, generally in agreement with the major western Canada spring wheat classes. Using a threshold of p ≤ 5 × 10−5 and a weighted mixed linear model, we identified 94 markers from seven chromosomes associated with all traits except Ptr ToxC. Two major‐effect genomic regions on chromosomes 5B (71–74 cM) and 1A (52–53 cM) were associated with Ptr ToxA, of which the former coincided with the Tsn1 gene. For Ptr ToxB, we identified two other major‐effect regions on chromosomes 2B and 5B. The genomic regions associated with common bunt mapped on 2B, 4B, and 7A, whereas those associated with leaf rust mapped at two positions on 2B. We were only able to uncover a single marker‐trait association for tan spot on 7B and for yellow rust on 2A.