bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF CRITICAL THINKING DURING FORMATION OF A NEW CULTURAL NARRATIVE
Authors: Austruma Spodra
Published: May 2017

During recent years in Latvian society the activities, communication and interaction of different society groups and non-governmental organizations have been increasing at a very high level. The reason for this lies in powerful migration processes in Europe, refugee crisis, political-economical fluctuations in the world, Brexit*, and many other events. Non-formal communication practice has also activated in the space of mass media among different communities, school environment and society as a whole. As a reaction to cultural-political events, utilitarian arguments have gained popularity, where their motives of further delivery are based on stereotypical, easily perceivable opinion that is popular in society, on expressions of utilitarian argumentation, dominating childish simplicity, which directly starts to touch all cultural systems, including education, thus creating new cultural narrative.

Emotions are often replacing rational analysis of education and culture - consequently reducing the ability to evaluate through arguments the importance of processes in particular cultural space. Also coordination and change of value priorities of different generations are connecting with the change of cultural and human existence necessity - by changing feelings towards specific values, a group of values from other cultures is growing, where people are required to change their overall thinking (Inglhert,R.Pippa,N.2009,227).

Both theoretical and empirical instruments are used in the paper. In order to form theoretical understanding of the problem, normative acts and literature were analysed, strategies of acquisition of information by individual and society were reviewed, individual's desire and ability to use critical thinking were analyzed, which through the search of balance between the truth and stereotypes is creating a new cultural message.
GIFTED PUPILS’ LEARNING LINKS
Authors: Brandisauskienė Agnė
Published: May 2017

The article aims at revealing the links of gifted pupils’ learning. Seeking to achieve the aim, a qualitative research, which involved 13 gifted learners of the first-second grades in secondary school, and quantitative research in learning environment have been conducted. The quantitative research was carried out employing What is Happening in the Classroom Questionnaire to survey gifted pupils (334 pupils). The research findings allow maintaining that gifted surface learning is more characteristic of gifted learning than deep learning, whereas the essence of learning compliant with the level of their abilities, interests and inclinations, is often unspecified. The learners with exceptional intellectual abilities tend to learn by using the techniques of memorisation; therefore, learning is rarely related to positive experiences. Moreover, the pupils’ inclination to surface learning is confirmed by the research into class environment: the majority of high school learners claim that they rarely discuss, express their opinion, ask questions or provide explanations of problem-solving in the classroom, i.e. they miss opportunities to actively construct own learning in the process of education.
THE DICTIONARY OF REGIONAL ONOMASTICS AS A RESOURCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN’S LINGUISTIC AND REGIONAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Rogaleva Elena , Nikitina Tatiana
Published: May 2017

The article summarizes the experience of developing primary school children’s linguistic and regional knowledge by means of a dictionary of regional onomastics created by the specialists of the Experimental Laboratory of Educational Lexicography of Pskov State University. It presents the author’s concept of a dictionary called “The Streets of My Home Town”. It contains the examples of dictionary entries and lessons based on the materials of the dictionary and intended for primary school children. The author describes the levels of acquisition of linguistic and regional knowledge for primary school children.
The Nanocluster Trap endstation at BESSY II
Authors: Lau Tobias
Published: May 2017

The Nanocluster Trap endstation at BESSY II combines a cryogenic linear radio-frequency ion trap with an applied magnetic field for x-ray magnetic circular dichroism studies of cold and size-selected trapped ions. Applications include atomic, molecular, and cluster ions as well as ionic complexes.
Anticancer Activity from Active Fraction of Sea Cucumber
Authors: Putram Nurul Mutia , Setyaningsih Iriani , Tarman Kustiariyah
Published: May 2017

Sea Cucumber Holothuria atra is one of marine organisms has been used as a new source of novel bioactive compounds. Many of them have been used as the lead compounds in discovery of new anticancer drugs. The objective of this study was to determine the active fractions of sea cucumber (H. atra) which have anticancer activity. H. atra was macerated using ethanol and the extract was freezedried using a freeze dryer. The crude extract was partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water (3:1:1:1). Cytotoxicity test was performed using HeLa (cervic cancer) cell line and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell line based on the MTT assay. The crude extract of H. atra showed the best cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells (IC50 = 12.48 µg/mL) and MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 17.90 µg/mL). The toxicity tests showed the IC50 value of the n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanol-water fraction against HeLa cells HeLa (IC50 = 76.45 µg/mL; 77.95 µg/mL;  14.27 µg/mL) and MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 58.50 µg/mL; 59.59 µg/mL; 14.33 µg/mL).
Effect of a hydroethanol 70% extract from trunk bark of Terminalia superba Engl. and diels (combretaceae) on some serum biochemical parameters in rats
Authors: Bernard Goze N. , Mathieu N’Dri N. , Paul Yapo A.
Published: May 2017

Background: In the framework of the valorization of traditional medicine, the biotolerance study of a hydroethanol 70% extract from trunk bark of Terminalia superba (HE 70%) Engl. and Diels (Combretaceae), a medicinal plant used for the treatment of gastric ulcer in Côte d'Ivoire was carried out by oral administration repeated for 28 days to three rat groups at doses 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg per body weight (b.w.).Methods: Fifty rats were randomly divided in four groups of ten animals including three test groups and one control group. Each group included five male and five female rats. An additional satellite group of ten rats in group treated at high dose (750mg/kg b.w.) was included in order to observe reversibility, persistence or late appearance of toxic effects at least 14 days after stopping the treatment. Three doses were prepared (250; 500 and 750mg/kg b.w.) corresponding to extract concentrations (12.5; 25 and 37.5mg/ml) were given to groups B, C and D respectively. Group A, served as control group, received distilled water at 2ml/kg b.w. Groups B, C and D, received orally HE 70% extract at 250, 500 and 750mg/kg respectively. Serum AST, ALT, total and direct bilirubin, total, HDL, LDL-cholesterols, triglycerides, urea and creatinine were estimated using standard methods.Results: The blood withdrawal analysis done previously (day 0) and at the end of every week on dry tubes revealed that at all weeks and for all doses, this extract do not affect serum values of total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, total, HDL, LDL-cholesterols and triglycerides. Oppositely, this extract reduced significantly (P<0.05) ALT serum rate at the 14th and 28th day at 750mg/kg b.w. respectively. In addition, at the 28th day, AST rate decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 750mg/kg b.w. Glycemia showed a significant (P <0.05) reduction at the 28th day at doses 500 and 750 mg/kg b.w. In contrast, urea increased significantly (P<0.05) at the 28th day at 500mg/kg b.w.Conclusions: This study showed that the use of a hydroethanol 70% extract from trunk bark of T. superba would be hepatoprotective, nontoxic for kidneys, liver and hypoglycemic at the studied doses.
Study to compare the blood sugar profile of the patients on risperidone and olanzapine with divalproex sodium as the common base
Authors: M. S. Manjuprasad , M. K. Vijayalaxmi , Hegde Shreya , T. Kamal Sundar
Published: May 2017

Background: Bipolar Affective Disorder which previously was called as manic depressive disorder represents the sixth leading cause of disability. Several preliminary studies suggest that antipsychotic monotherapy or in combination with mood stabiliser have a better prognosis. This study was conducted to compare the blood sugar profile of the patients who are on risperidone and olanzapine with divalproex sodium as the common base.Methods: It was a prospective, comparative, observational, hospital-based clinical study conducted between November 2013 to March 2015. 41 BPAD patients on Risperidone and 38 BPAD patients on Olanzapine were included. A brief history and examination were carried out and the data was entered in a proforma sheet. The investigations carried out were noted. Patients were followed up for a period of 12 weeks i.e. 2,4,8 and 12th = week and the data analysed using SPSS software. Adverse drug events if any were recorded.Results: Our study included 79 treatment-naive patients among whom 17 (21.5%) were women and 62 (78.5%) were men. The polarity of the disease of the majority of the patients was mania at the time of diagnosis. The mean blood sugar levels in risperidone and olanzapine group at the time of diagnosis were 137mg% and 111mg% respectively and weights 62kg and 63.5kg respectively. There was a gradual increase in blood sugar levels and weight from 4th week. At the end of the 12th week, the mean blood sugar levels were 152mg% and 164mg%, weights 65.5kg and 69.5kg in risperidone and olanzapine group respectively.Conclusions: Olanzapine was found to have higher incidence and rapid increase in blood sugar levels which can easily be treated by switching over to another drug. It has been suggested that at least a baseline survey should be undertaken on the prevalence of diabetes in Indian population among patients exposed to antipsychotic drugs.
Study of prevalence and prescribing trends in infectious diseases: as a teaching tool for MBBS 2nd professional students
Authors: Beg Mirza A. , Dutta Shakti B. , Bawa Shalu , Kaur Amanjot , Vishal Subhash
Published: May 2017

Background: Irrational prescription of drugs is a common occurrence in clinical practice. Introduction of clinical pharmacology at the undergraduate level as an integral part of rational therapeutics is the need of hour. The present drug utilization study, prevalence and prescribing pattern in infectious diseases in a tertiary care teaching hospital was carried out to teach clinical pharmacology to 2nd professional MBBS students, to sensitize and promote rational prescribing.Methods: A total of 621 prescriptions were collected by 2nd professional MBBS students at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun. Prescriptions were analyzed on various parameters, using WHO drug use indicators.Results: A total of 621 prescriptions were analyzed. 477 (76.81%) were males and 144 (23.19%) were females. Majority of patients 357 (57.49%) were 16-60 years’ age group. The infectious diseases prevalence was 153 (24.63%) enteric fever, 132 (21.26%) hepatitis, 111 (17.87%) pyrexia of unknown origin, 90 (14.49%) cellulitis, 135 (21.74%) belongs to miscellaneous category respectively. A total of 4446 drugs were prescribed, which includes antibiotics 2025 (45.55%), multivitamins 969 (21.79%), antacids 699 (15.72%), analgesics 408 (9.18%), antiemetic 273 (6.14%) and antiepileptic 72 (1.62%) respectively. 3096 (69.64%) oral, 1350 (30.36%) injectable and 786 (17.68%) fixed dose combinations (FDCs) were prescribed. 3.26 antibiotics and 7.15 drugs per prescription were prescribed. 2622 (58.97%) drugs were prescribed from national essential medicine list 2015. 100% drugs were prescribed by brand names.Conclusions: The prescriptions revealed polypharmacy. This study can help to provide feedback to the prescribers, thereby increase in awareness and improve patient care by rational utilization of drugs.
Cost variation analysis of ACE inhibitors in India
Authors: Wadagbalkar Prashant , Patel Poonam , Raipurkar Swati V.
Published: May 2017

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent cause of death and disability in developed and developing countries. There is a wide variation in the prices of antihypertensive drugs marketed in India. Thus, a study was planned to find out variation in cost in the ACE Inhibitors available in India either as a single drug or in combination and to evaluate the difference in cost of various brands of the same ACE Inhibitors and ARBs by calculating percentage variation in cost in Indian rupees.Methods: Minimum and maximum costs in rupees (INR) of antihypertensive agents manufactured by different companies, in the same strength and dosage forms were obtained from “current index of medical specialties” January April 2016 and Drug Today October-December 2016. The cost ratio and percentage cost variation were calculated for each generic antihypertensive agent (ACE Inhibitors and ARBs).Results: This study shows that there is a wide variation in the prices of different brands of same ACE Inhibitors and ARBs in Indian market.Highest cost variation 400% is for Lisinopril (2.5mg), followed by Enalapril (10mg) 394.16%, Telmisartan (20mg) 322.22%.Conclusions: There is a wide difference in the cost of different brands of ACE Inhibitors and ARBs available in India. They have important role in management of hypertension particularly if associated with other morbidities like diabetes. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these variations in cost so as to reduce the cost of drug therapy and increase the patient adherence to the therapy.
Study of association of thyroid disorders with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Ghosh Runoo , Patel Rakesh R.
Published: May 2017

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding from the vagina that is usually occurred when ovary do not release egg and if it occurred during fertile period leads to various complication like anemia, Infertility etc. and among all causes one of the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding is disturbance in level of Thyroid hormones.Methods: 100 female Patients of age group between 20-45 having complain of Abnormal uterine bleeding visited at Gynec OPD of our institute were included in this study. fasting blood samples was taken from all participants and samples were analyzed for Thyroid function test (TSH, T3, T4) at central laboratory of our hospital. Obtained data was analyzed statistically by using prizam software.Results: The bleeding abnormality that is found most of the women is polymenorrhaggia and menorrhaggia. 32% of patients who were studied had thyroid dysfunction, of which 18% of patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, 11% of patients had hypothyroidism and only 3% of patients had hyperthyroidism.Conclusions: Present study concludes that thyroid dysfunction should be considered as an important etiological factor for menstrual abnormality especially during fertile period.
A clinical study of ectopic pregnancy: a five-year institutional experience
Authors: C. Malavika J. , Prabhudev Prema , S. Bandamma N.
Published: May 2017

Background: Ectopic pregnancy contributes significantly to maternal morbidity and mortality. There is a steady increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy over the past few decades, owing to rise in sexually transmitted infections, subfertility and its treatment with ART techniques. Objective of present work was to study the rate of ectopic pregnancy, associated risk factors, clinical course and management at SSIMS and RC.Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at SSIMS and RC, Davangere from 01st January 2012 to 30th April 2017. A detailed analysis of case sheets done and all parameters analyzed. Institutional ectopic rate was calculated per 1000 deliveries.Results: Out of 43 women with ectopic gestation, 40 (93.02%) were tubal ectopic and 3 (6.98%) were ovarian ectopic. Institutional rate of ectopic is 11.54 per 1000 deliveries. STI’s are the commonest risk factor followed by subfertility. Diagnostic aid commonly used was pelvic ultrasound. There were no maternal deaths due to ectopic pregnancy. One third of the women presented with shock. 52.5% tubal and 66.6% ovarian ectopics were ruptured. All women with tubal ectopic were managed by salpingectomy either by open or laparoscopic method and ovarian ectopics managed by ipsilateral oophorectomy. Two-thirds of the women received blood transfusion and 5-7 days were required for post-operative recovery.Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy is one of the commonest gynecological emergency and there is a yearly increase in the rate of ectopic. STI’s and subfertility are important risk factors. Prevention, early detection and treatment of STI’s may play an important role in reducing the rate of ectopic pregnancy.
Ingrown toe nail as seen in Bayelsa state Nigeria
Authors: Benjamin Tabowei I. , Ejike Amaefula `Temple
Published: May 2017

Background: Ingrown toenails are common conditions of the foot causing pain, disability, and absence from work. It has been associated with use of tight foot wears, congenital anomalies of nail folds, nail plates, and medial rotation of the great toes; other predisposing factors include diabetes, obesity and cardiac disorders. It can be diagnosed clinically, and treatments include use of antibiotics analgesia and surgery. When untreated it may be complicated by sepsis, ulceration of nail fold and excessive granulation tissue formation osteomyelitis, gangrene of the leg.Methods: We observed an increase in the number of patients visiting our clinic with ingrown toe nails, and with no known work done on this subject in our environment we therefore conducted a questionnaire based prospective study between the periods January 2014 to June 2016 to determine the pattern of presentation, predisposing factors and treatment outcome. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS Version 20 for windows.Results: Twenty-eight (28) patients with age range 9 to 65 years, and mean age of 32, and male: female ratio of 2.1:1 were reviewed. The highest incidence was seen between the ages of 11 to 40 year old, and among students 8 (28.57%). Prevalence of 28.57% (n=8) was highest in those who wore tight/short shoes. The commonest presenting complains were pain, swelling (edema) and suppuration, with most patients 10 (35.71%) being seen in the clinic between 5-6 months of development symptoms. Ingrown toenails occurred statistically significantly more in the right big toe 13 (46.43%) [χ2 (p-value) = 19.43 (0.001). Amongst those whose anatomical site was at the right big toe, the Lateral aspect was 9 (69.23%).Conclusions: Most patients received Analgesics and Antibiotics and twenty one, 21(75%) of the patients had wedge resection and surgical destruction of the nail matrix.
Obesity: an independent risk factor for oxidative stress
Authors: Agrawal Navneet , Singh Sanjeev Kumar
Published: May 2017

Background: Obesity is increasing in prevalence and presents a serious risk for the development of various disorders like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease, gall bladder disease and certain forms of cancer. Animal studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased myocardial oxidative stress and increased lipid peroxidation. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that obesity per se causes increased plasma lipid peroxidation and decreased erythrocyte cytoprotection.Methods: A prospective randomized study including 300 obese subjects, was conducted in the Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, G. R. Medical College, Gwalior. Age and sex matched 100 subjects having BMI between 19 to 25 kg/m2 were also enrolled. Patients were grouped as Case (n=300) and Control (n=100). Detailed physical examination and laboratory investigations including lipid profile were performed. Venous blood was obtained and used for the estimation of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). Unpaired t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Bonferroni and Tukey test along with Pearson correlation was used to analyze the data using IMB SPSS ver. 20 software. Significance is assessed at 5 % level.Results: Mean age of subjects among Case and Control group was 46.2±2.4 years and 44.5±2.2 years respectively with male predominance in each group. Mean weight, height, BMI, waist, hip, waist to hip ratio, mean blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C and VLDL-C among Cases were91.57±9.8 kg, 161.6±9.3 cm, 36.17± 3.4 kgm2, 114.7±6.2 cm, 114.23±17.12 cm, 0.98±0.22, 87.3±2.6 mg/dl, 196.0±12.6 mg/dl, 253.6±27.3 mg/dl, 135±47.03 mg/dl, 47.1±1.2 mg/dl and 45.8±14.03 mg/dl and among Control group were61±5.2 kg, 163.1±8.7 cm, 21.24±1.88 cm, 21.24±1.88 kg m2, 85.2±1.4 cm, 97.32±9.12 cm, 0.86±0.14, 94.4 ± 3.2 mg/dl, 186.6 ± 6.9 mg/dl, 143.4±15.4 mg/dl, 95.73±27.48 mg/dl, 51.6±1.7 mg/dl and 22.4±10.45mg/dl respectively. Mean MDA level in Case and Control group was 4.68 ± 1.72 and 2.06±0.76 μmol/ml respectively (p< 0.001). Mean SOD level among Case and Control groups was 7.65±1.13 and 12.42±2.18 units/ml respectively (p<0.001). Female obese patients had lower level of SOD. A significant negative correlation of SOD was observed with BMI (n=300, r= -0.045, P<0.001), whereas, MDA was positively correlated with BMI (n=300, r= 0.342, P<0.001).Conclusions: Obesity in humans is an independent risk factor for lipid peroxidation and depletion of cytoprotective enzymes even in the absence of other confounding factors such as diabetes and hyperlipidaemia.
Histopathological study of ovarian lesions in a tertiary care center in Hyderabad, India: a retrospective five-year study
Authors: Prakash Akina , Chinthakindi Sravan , Duraiswami Ramanan , V. Indira
Published: May 2017

Background: The aim of the study was to identify the pattern of pathologies involving ovarian mass lesions which were received for histopathological evaluation at a tertiary hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana, India during the period January 2012 to December 2016.Methods: The data pertaining to samples of ovarian lesions received for histopathological evaluation at the laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad from January 2012 to December 2016, were analyzed to determine the pattern of pathologies diagnosed during such evaluation and the age distribution of all lesions.Results: Non-neoplastic lesions of the ovary constituted 44.0% of all cases received; follicular cysts constituted 45.5% of these lesions. Malignant lesions constituted only 2.0% of all pathologies. Serous cystadenoma of the ovary constituted the predominant neoplastic lesion diagnosed (62.5% of all neoplastic lesions). 53.2% of patients whose samples were received belonged to the age group of 20-39 years. 90.8% of the lesions were unilateralConclusions: The majority of ovarian lesions received for evaluation were benign and unilateral. Most patients were in the third to sixth decades of life.
Prevalence of components of metabolic syndrome in pregnant women with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome
Authors: M. Sisira , George Sunny , T. James P.
Published: May 2017

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) related cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia which together are commonly known as metabolic syndrome (MS) is often overlooked in pregnancy. OSAHS is known to cause higher maternal morbidity and bad foetal outcome. Aim was to study the prevalence of components of MS among third trimester pregnant women with OSAHS.Methods: A total of 100 cases and 100 controls each amongst third trimester pregnant females admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent a thorough clinical, anthropometric, obstetrical examination and biochemical tests such as complete blood count, blood sugar and lipid profile. The parameters were compared between cases and controls.Results: OSAHS positive pregnant women had a higher prevalence of elevated systolic (P=0.01) and diastolic (P=0.002) blood pressure, abnormal fasting (P<0.0001) and post prandial (P=0.02) blood sugar, abnormal cholesterol (P=0.006) and triglyceride levels (P<0.001), and abnormally low HDL levels (P<0.001).Conclusions: This study showed that metabolic syndrome was highly prevalent among OSAHS positive third trimester pregnancy (52%) versus OSAHS negative (8%) pregnant women.
The effect of nevirapine vs efavirenz containing regimens on clinical outcomes among HIV patients on ART: a comparative study
Authors: Rajput Jeetam Singh , Mathur Manoj Kumar , Chaurasia Ajeet Kumar , Singh Smriti , Tiwari Alankar
Published: May 2017

Background: The present study has been conducted to compare regimens containing either of nevirapine (NVP) and efavirenz (EFV) and two or more nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) among HIV infected patients in respect to clinical outcome and to compare incidence of opportunistic infections among these patients.Methods: This study was an observational study conducted at a tertiary care centre over 105 patients, who were evenly matched and received three antiretroviral drug one of the drug was either nevirapine (NVP) or efavirenz (EFV) and these patients were followed up for 6 months for occurrence of any opportunistic infections during these 6 months.Results: 105 patients were followed for 6 months, the maximum incidence of opportunistic infection (OI’s) was found among patients who were on ZLN (zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine) regime i.e. 60% followed by patients who changed their regime from ZLN to TLE i.e. 36.5%, while the least incidence of OI’s was noted among the patients who were on TLE (tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz) regime i.e. 28.5%. These differences were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: EFV containing antiretroviral regimen was associated with superior clinical outcome than NVP containing regimen.
Hypercholesterolemia effectively managed with homeopathic medicine Gautteria gaumeri (Yumel): results from a clinical study in academic clinical set up in north India
Authors: Husain Aejaz , Indani Ashish , Bhutada Poonam
Published: May 2017

Background: Hypercholesterolaemia increases the risk of atherosclerosis, subsequently IHD. Herbal-homeopathic medicines are unexplored as lipid-lowering agents. This study presents safety and efficacy outcomes of homeopathic Gautteria gaumeri Q, in treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.Methods: This was a homoeopathic registry in real world population. A group of 29 subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemia with or without statin therapy were included in the study at a single centre in Udaipur, India. All subjects were given 10-15 drops of Gautteria gaumeri Q thrice in a day for 2 months and were followed fortnightly.Results: The sample demographics were similar to typical Indian demographics (age 43±14 years, height 166.5cm, BMI 21kg/m2) having age 49±6 years, gender ratio 0.81 with 13 (45%) males and 16 (55%) females, height 157.07±26.18 cms and weight 71.5±11.78 Kg. The comorbidity included diabetes (44.83%), hypertension (68.97%), current smoking (44.83%) and CAD (31.03%). Thirteen (44.83%) subjects were taking statins for minimum 6 months. At baseline, mean TC, HDL, LDL, VLDL cholesterols and triglycerides were 223±25.8, 41.45±4.82, 150.9±25.97, 30.66±6.38 and 223±34.81 respectively. TC: HDL and LDL: HDL ratios were 5.44±0.82 and 3.69±0.77 respectively. At 2 months, TC reduced by 22.21 (9.96%), triglycerides, LDL and VLDL cholesterol demonstrated 39.55 (17.70%), 24.66 (16.34%) and 3.35 (10.91%) reduction respectively. HDL increased by 5.84 (14.09%). Proportion of population at risk defined as TC >200, LDL >120, VLDL >30, HDL <30 and triglycerides >200 was reduced by 17.24%, 31.04%, 13.79%, 100% and 31.03% respectively. (Baseline n=13). There were no ADRs in the study. Gauttaria gaumeri was proved to be efficacious in treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.Conclusions: Guatteria gumeri was observed to be efficacious in controlling hypercholesterolaemia. There was no significant effect of statin therapy prior to starting Guatteria gaumeri Q. No safety issues were reported in the study.
A prospective study on urinary microalbuminuria as surrogate marker of vascular endothelial dysfunction, in patients of ischemic stroke
Authors: Jamra Yogendra , Jhawar Dharmendra , Patidhar Rajneesh
Published: May 2017

Background: Presence of overt proteinuria has been independently linked to greater stroke risk. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between the for ischemic stroke and albuminurea as a marker for vascular events. Microalbuminuria, is an early marker of both kidney disease and endothelial dysfunction, may be associated with global vascular risk, but the nature and relationship between microalbuminuria and incident ischemic stroke has not been clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of microalbuminuria and ischemic stroke.Methods: Study enrolled 150 admitted patients of acute ischemic stroke. The patients were assessed by questionnaire, microalbuminuria, creatinine clearance after detailed history taking and thorough clinical examination.Results: The combined common risk factors were HTN (80%), diabetes (33%) and smoking (53%). The hypertensive patients had 8 times higher risk of microalbuminuria as compared to normotensive patients (95% 1.8-31.0 p<0.05). Among diabetes patients had risk of microalbuminuria 30 times higher compared to euglycemic patients (95% CL 9.6-78.8 p<0.01). The smoker patients had 8 times risk of microalbuminuria (CL 95%-1.2-22.8 p<0.16). However, the patients who had dyslipidemia had risk of microalbuminuria 1.07 times who have normal lipid level, but it was statistically insignificance (98% CL 0.8-4.1 p>0.05). The 38 patients out of 46 patients who had microalbuminuria has high normal serum creatinine with creatinine clearance (45-59 mL/min/1.73 m2. (82% versus. 4.4% 30.44 mL/min/173m2). The risk of microalbuminuria was higher in patients who had high normal serum creatinine (1.4 mg/dL) with creatinine clearance of 45-59 mL/min/1.73 m2 versus normal serum creatinine 0.8 mg/dL.Conclusions: The finding of the study, show the microalbuminuria is an independent risk factor for vascular endothelial dysfunction, in patient of diabetes early renal dysfunction and HTN, extrapolating the vascular event (ischemic stroke).
Cardiac manifestations in HIV patients and their correlation with CD4 count
Authors: Maurya Santosh Kumar , Bajaj Sarita , Saxena Piyush , Sonker Kamlesh Kumar , Verma Sujit Kumar
Published: May 2017

Background: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the clinical evolution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS disease, with an increased survival of infected patients. With advances in the management of patients living with HIV and AIDS, not only survival has increased but manifestations of late stage HIV infection are encountered more often including cardiovascular complications. Objectives were to determine the prevalence and characteristics of cardiac manifestations in patients with HIV infection, and to correlate the cardiac manifestations with CD4 count.Methods: 115 HIV-positive cases and 30 healthy control subjects were evaluated by detailed history and general physical examination. CD4 was done for all patients using flowcytometry using a BD FACS Count system. All patients were evaluated using M Mode and two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and colour flow doppler examination.Results: Male to female ratio was1.6:1in cases. The most common symptoms were cough (54.78%), palpitations (10%), shortness of breath (52%), chest pain on exertion (18.0%) and ankle swelling (21.0%). Echocardiographic abnormalities were found in 63% of the cases compared with 6% in the controls. 18 (15.65%) patients had dilated cardiomyopathy, 17 (15%) pericardial effusion, 16 (14%) pulmonary artery hypertension, 17 (15%) mitral valve prolapses and 25 (22%) had reduced ejection fraction compared with none of controls. 54 (47%) cases had diastolic dysfunction compared with 3 (10%) controls and 40 (35%) cases had reduced fractional shortening (≤27%) compared 4 (13%) controls. Significant statistical positive correlation was not observed between low CD4 count and echocardiographic abnormalities. Pericardial effusion was seen more in patients with CD4 count below 200.Conclusions: Cardiovascular abnormalities in HIV infected patients are common and can occur without any clinical manifestation. There was no significant association between CD4 count and any cardiac manifestation.
Manual RBC exchange transfusion in a patient of sickle-beta thalassemia syndrome presenting in crisis: a case report
Authors: Kanungo Girija Nandini , Pati Bibudhendu , Das Hemlata , Routray Suman Sudha
Published: May 2017

Sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia are caused by abnormal haemoglobin (Hb) derived from mutation of the HBB gene encoding beta-globin. Compound heterozygous status for both mutations results in HbS/beta thalassemia (Sickle- beta thalassemia). Vaso-occlusive phenomena and haemolysis are the clinical hallmarks and major causes of mortality. Here we report a case of successful reduction of HbS level by manual RBC exchange transfusion. Capillary zone electrophoresis showed the case to be Sickle-beta thalassemia. A total of   3 units of 450ml whole blood units were used for manual exchange transfusion done in 2 sittings on consecutive days. Preexchange HbS level was 80.9% of total Hb. HbS level after 24 hours of the second procedure was 44%. In the absence of facility to conduct automated RBC exchange by a cell separator, to reduce HbS in patients presenting with acute complications of SCD and in patients with Vaso-occlusive Crisis, previous stroke, manual RBC exchange can provide a better relief.
Can device closure of AP window be made easy?
Authors: Chandrakant Chavan , A. Parkar Matin , Rajesh Badani , G. Pawar Shubhadarshini
Published: May 2017

Aortopulmonary window is an uncommon congenital cardiac defect. Most infants presenting with aortopulmonary window will undergo conventional surgical repair. Experience with transcatheter closure of aortopulmonary window is limited. We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with aortopulmonary window, in whom transcatheter closure was performed successfully using Amplatzer ductal occluder device.
A case of juvenile polymyositis post viral hepatitis A
Authors: Samuel Hanock Unni , Jayachandran N. V. , Thulaseedharan N. K.
Published: May 2017

Polymyositis is rare as a stand-alone entity and is often misdiagnosed; most patients whose condition has been diagnosed as polymyositis have inclusion-body myositis, necrotizing autoimmune myositis, or inflammatory dystrophy. Polymyositis remains a diagnosis of exclusion and is best defined as a subacute proximal myopathy in adults who do not have rash, a family history of neuromuscular disease, exposure to myotoxic drugs (e.g. statins, penicillamine, and zidovudine), involvement of facial and extraocular muscles, endocrinopathy, or the clinical phenotype of inclusion body myositis. The etiology of polymyositis may be due to underlying systemic autoimmune diseases, viral, parasitic, bacterial infections or drug induced. Here we describe a case of juvenile polymyositis post viral infection with hepatitis A.
Bacteriological qualities of sources of domestic water supply and prevalence of typhoid fever in some communities of Enugu State, Southeast, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Umegbolu Emmanuel I. , Offor Moses E.
Published: May 2017

Background: From the public health point of view, the microbiological properties of domestic water supply are the most important parameters of domestic water supply because of the propensity for microbial water-related diseases. In Enugu State, statistics have shown that reported cases of waterborne diseases (including typhoid fever) have been on the increase since 2003. The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriological qualities of domestic water supply and prevalence of typhoid fever in five communities of Enugu State in connection with the rising incidence of typhoid fever in the state.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of sources of domestic water supply and prevalence of typhoid fever in five rural communities of Ezeagu Local Government Area. 297 copies of structured questionnaire, 10 grab water samples analysed using the membrane filtration method and 227 blood samples collected for Widal test were used to generate the data for the study, analysed as frequency distributions, t-test of means difference and Pearson product moment correlations using MaxStat (version 3.60) statistical software.Results: 2 (40%) of the 5 communities complied with the WHO standard for faecal coliform counts. Prevalence of typhoid fever was high in all the communities (71.4%-100%). Only faecal coliform counts correlated positively and strongly (r=0.69) with prevalence of typhoid fever.Conclusions: Since faecal coliform counts correlated positively and strongly (r=0.69) with prevalence of typhoid fever, improving the bacteriological qualities of domestic water supply may help to reduce the prevalence of typhoid fever.
Early menarche and high parity contribute to better sexual-quality of life in perimenopausal women
Authors: Wulandari Lusia Asih , . Sutyarso , Kanedi Mohammad
Published: May 2017

Background: It was well known that physiological, psychological, as well as sociocultural are the factors that contribute to female sexual dysfunction. This study aimed to find out whether sexual function of women at perimenopausal age correlated with their ontogenetic factors, such as the age at menarche and parity.Methods: Women (n=80) from nine villages in district of Lampung Tengah, Lampung Province, Indonesia aged 40-50 years who meet inclusion criteria participated in the study. Predesigned questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic characteristics, and the female sexual function index (FSFI) was used to score sexual function of the respondents.Results: None of the 80 respondents smoke, consumes alcohol, and has medical records. Based on the FSFI scores, except for one participant, all respondents suffered from sesual dysfunction with the average of total score 18.77. By using median score (18.52) the respondents were dichotomized into two categories, high and low sexual dysfunction. The results of Chi-square analysis and logistic regression showed that respondents with the characteristics of age at menarche <15 years and parity >4 children have better sexual-quality in comparison to those with the age at menarche >15 years and the parity <4 children.Conclusions: It can be concluded that early menarche and high parity might contributed to better sexual-quality of life in perimenopausal women.
Factors associated with utilisation of university health centre services by students
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Abdullah
Published: May 2017

Background: Little is known about the factors that are associated with students’ utilisation of university health centre services. The current study examines factors associated with utilisation of university health centre services by students.Methods: Data were collected from 440 university students using a cross-sectional study design and self-reported questionnaire.Results: University health centre services were utilised by 147 (39.5%) of the students in the past 6 months. Utilisation of university health centre services was associated with gender, faculty, tobacco use and chronic illnesses. The main predictor of university health centre services utilisation at 6 months was chronic illnesses (OR=4.205).Conclusions: Although several factors were associated with university health centre services utilisation, chronic illness was the most important predictor.
HIV awareness among first year MBBS students in a private medical college, Telangana, India
Authors: Shridevi Kotina , Srigouri Talikota
Published: May 2017

Background: Globally, since 1980, 70 million people were infected with HIV virus and 33.3 million people have died of HIV. In Sub-Saharan Africa, largest number of people living with HIV is Asia. In these areas 19 million of the 35 million people living with the virus globally do not know their HIV positive status. The objectives of the study were to know the awareness regarding HIV and its mode of transmission, clinical features and diagnosis of HIV, prevention and vaccine availability of HIV.Methods: Study design: cross sectional study, study area: private medical college, Telangana state, study population- 136 students in the 1st year MBBS. Methodology: The data was collected by a pre designed, pretested and semi structured questionnaire which consisted of, identification data, HIV Awareness, mode of transmission, symptoms and diagnosis, prevention and vaccine availability of HIV. The data was analyzed by using Microsoft Excel.Results: Males and females in the study were 43.38% and 56.6% respectively. Mean age of students was 18.184. 100% of the students heard about HIV, 25% of the students did not know that HIV and AIDS are different stages of the same disease. 98.52% were aware that contaminated needles and syringes as route of transmission, 87.5% were aware about vertical transmission. 93.38% of the students have a correct opinion that avoiding multiple partners’. 80.88% knew that antiretroviral drugs are available. 91.91% knew that the vaccine is not yet available for HIV.Conclusions: There is overall satisfactory level of awareness on routes of transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS but knowledge regarding symptoms is less. There were several misconceptions regarding route and Prevention of HIV. Very few knew that immediate medical attention will prevent HIV.
Trends of hepatitis B among hospital admissions at tertiary care hospital, Solapur
Authors: Rokade Hemlata G. , Kotnis Subhalaxmi D. , Mangulikar Suresh K.
Published: May 2017

Background: Hepatitis B is a national and global public health problem. Various studies have supported the change in prevalence and trends of Hepatitis B. The aim of the study was 1) to study the trends of Hepatitis B according to age, sex and area of residence, 2) to study seasonality of Hepatitis B cases, 3) to find geographical predilection of Hepatitis B cases in Solapur city.Methods: The records of patients with Hepatitis B from January2012 to December2016 admitted to tertiary care hospital, was retrieved and studied. Statistical analysis used: Percentages, z test of proportions, ACF and PACF.Results: Out of 406 Hepatitis B cases, 51.97% belonged to 15 to 45 years of age. There was an increasing trend of Hepatitis B from age of 15 years up to 45 years. The male female ratio was 2.63:1. Fifty-seven percent cases were from urban areas. The proportion of cases from urban area decreased from 9.01% in 2012 to 6.01% in the year 2016. Contrarily, it increased from 5.78% in 2012 to 10.98% in 2016 in rural area. Hepatitis B cases appear to come in sharp rises and falls in these five years with no specific trend. PACF results showed no seasonality. Ward number17 reported maximum cases.Conclusions: The primary prevention for Hepatitis B should be targeted at 15 to 45years of age group. There is no seasonal variation seen in Hepatitis B infection. Areas observed with hot pockets must be screened and kept under surveillance.
Opportunistic screening for random blood glucose level among adults attending a rural tertiary care centre in Haryana during world health day observation activity
Authors: Majra Jai Pal , Verma Ramesh
Published: May 2017

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-commu­nicable diseases worldwide and major global risks for morbidity and mortality. The total burden of deaths from high blood glucose in 2012 has been estimated to 3.7 million which includes 1.5 million diabetes deaths, 2.2 million deaths from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and tuberculosis. Various studies reported that population-based screening of blood glucose level will result in low yield but higher cost. However, opportunity screening at earlier stage had good prognosis. Hence opportunistic screening for raised random blood glucose level was planned.Methods: During observation of World Health Day 2016 activity based on theme, “Beat diabetes: Scale up prevention, strengthen care, and enhance surveillance” this present cross-sectional study was conducted. Attendants of the patients having age >30 years; visiting this institute on that day enrolled as study participants. Information gathered regarding their socio-demographic parameters and doing regular physical activity. A brief clinical examination regarding anthropometric measurements and random blood glucose was done using standard procedures by trained personnel.Results: Out of 215 opportunistic screened participants, 14 (6.51%) participants were known diabetic and having random blood glucose level <200 mg%. However among rests 201 study participants whose diabetic status was unknown, 8 (4%) participants had random blood glucose level >200 mg%. BMI status of 48 (22%) and 103 (48%) study participants were recorded as pre-obese and obese respectively.Conclusions: It was concluded that after every 7 cases of known diabetes mellitus there were 4 unknown cases identified as raised random blood glucose level. Hence in tertiary care settings, individuals more than 30 years should get priority for opportunistic screening of random blood glucose estimation. Health-care providers should be sensitized on practicing opportunistic screening in outpatient department.
Bacteriological profile of water samples in and around Shimla hills: a study from the sub Himalayan region
Authors: Bhagra Suruchi , Singh Digvijay , Sood Atal , Kanga Anil
Published: May 2017

Background: The present study was done to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in and around Shimla in the event of an outbreak of hepatitis E in Shimla city, January 2016. Methods: Total 1098 water samples from different sources were received from January to July 2016. The bacteriological analysis of water was done by the multiple tube technique. Results were interpreted after 48 hours of incubation of the water sample in MacConkey bile broth medium in accordance with Mc Crady probability table. Results: A total of 1098 water samples were received in the Microbiology laboratory of which 129 (11.74%) were unsatisfactory, 25 (2.27%) satisfactory and rest 925 (84.24%) were excellent. Nearly 9.21% samples from water tanks, 2.3% from public taps were unsatisfactory but water samples from all the water ATM s were excellent. Escherichia coli were the commonest isolate 35.6%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 31.6%, Klebsiella oxytoca 19.3%, Enterobacter sps 8% and Citrobacter sps 2%. In the corresponding period 477 patients had come to the health facilities for clinical symptoms of jaundice. The serum samples from clinically suspected cases were subject to antibody testing for IgM HAV and IgM HEV and it revealed that 109 (23%) were positive for HAV while 253 (53%) were positive for HEV. During the above period 75 (15%) patients had co-infection with both HAV and HEV. Conclusions: Bacteriological assessment of drinking water is essential and should be carried out on regular basis so as to prevent outbreaks of Hepatitis A and E and other water borne diseases.