bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Better Outdoor Environments Lead to Cost Benefits in Assisted Living Facilities through Increased Word-of-Mouth Referrals?
Authors: Rodiek Susan , Boggess May M. , Lee Chanam , Booth Geoffrey J. , Morris Alisan
Published: February 2015

Objective:

This study explores how better outdoor environments may produce cost benefits for assisted living providers by raising occupancy levels through increased resident satisfaction and word-of-mouth referrals.

Background:

Older adults who spend even minimal time outdoors may reap substantial health benefits. However, many existing outdoor areas in assisted living facilities are reportedly underutilized, in part because of design issues. Providers may be more willing to improve outdoor areas if they produce cost benefits for provider organizations.

Methods:

This study used data from a recent assisted living survey to assess the relationship between satisfaction with outdoor spaces, time spent outdoors, and resulting improvements in mood. A financial analysis was developed to estimate potential benefits from improved outdoor areas attributable to increased occupancy and decreased marketing costs associated with increased word-of-mouth referrals.

Results:

Increasing resident satisfaction with outdoor areas (from approximately 29% to 96%) results in residents spending more time outdoors (increase of 1 1/2 hours per week per resident) and improved psychological well-being (12% increase in feeling better). This greater overall satisfaction leads to 8% more residents willing to refer potential residents to their community. Because word-of-mouth referrals by current residents are a major factor in resident recruitment, improving outdoors areas leads to an estimated 4% increase in new residents, resulting in over $170,000 of increased revenue per year for a community of 100 residents.

Conclusions:

Improved outdoor space can provide substantial cost benefits for assisted living providers. Increasing resident well-being and satisfaction, and thereby generating additional word-of-mouth referrals, can result in higher occupancy levels.
The Design and Testing of Interactive Hospital Spaces to Meet the Needs of Waiting Children
Authors: Biddiss Elaine , McPherson Amy , Shea Geoffrey , McKeever Patricia
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

To design an innovative interactive media display in a pediatric hospital clinic waiting space that addresses the growing demand for accessible, contact-surface-free options for play.

BACKGROUND:

In healthcare settings, waiting can be anxiety provoking for children and their accompanying family members. Opportunities for positive distraction have been shown to reduce waiting anxiety, leading to positive health outcomes.

METHODS:

An interactive media display, ScreenPlay, was created and evaluated using a participatory design approach and a combination of techniques including quality function deployment and mixed data elicitation methods (questionnaires, focus groups, and observations). The user and organizational design requirements were established and used to review contemporary strategies for positive distraction in healthcare waiting spaces and to conceptualize and test ScreenPlay. Ten staff members, 11 children/youths, and 6 parents participated in the design and evaluation of ScreenPlay.

RESULTS:

ScreenPlay provided a positive, engaging experience without the use of contact surfaces through which infections can be spread. It was accessible to children, youth, and adults of all motor abilities. All participants strongly agreed that the interactive media display would improve the healthcare waiting experience.

CONCLUSIONS:

ScreenPlay is an interactive display that is the result of a successful model for the design of healthcare waiting spaces that is collaborative, interdisciplinary, and responsive to the needs of its community.
Advancing Translational Research through Facility Design in Non-AMC Hospitals
Authors: Pati Debajyoti , Pietrzak Michael P. , Harvey Thomas E. , Armstrong Walter B. , Clarke Robert , Weissman Neil J. , Rapp Paul E. , Smith Mark S. , Fairbanks Rollin J. , Collins Jeffrey M.G.
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

This article aims to explore the future of translational research and its physical design implications for community hospitals and hospitals not attached to large centralized research platforms.

BACKGROUND:

With a shift in medical services delivery focus to community wellness, continuum of care, and comparative effectiveness research, healthcare research will witness increasing pressure to include community-based practitioners.

METHODS:

The roundtable discussion group, comprising 14 invited experts from 10 institutions representing the fields of biomedical research, research administration, facility planning and design, facility management, finance, and environmental design research, examined the issue in a structured manner. The discussion was conducted at the Washington Hospital Center, MedStar Health, Washington, D.C.

CONCLUSIONS:

Institutions outside the AMCs will be increasingly targeted for future research. Three factors are crucial for successful research in non-AMC hospitals: operational culture, financial culture, and information culture. An operating culture geared towards creation, preservation, and protection of spaces needed for research; creative management of spaces for financial accountability; and a flexible information infrastructure at the system level that enables complete link of key programmatic areas to academic IT research infrastructure are critical to success of research endeavors.
Environmental Affordances: Designing for Family Presence and Involvement in Patient Care
Authors: Choi Young-Seon , Bosch Sheila J.
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

This comparative study in two ICUs examines the impact of the patient-centered unit design on family involvement, operationalized as percentages of family presence and family–patient/family–staff interaction in patient rooms.

BACKGROUND:

As hospitals have become more patient-centered, there has been a trend toward including a family area inside the patient area to promote family presence, support, and involvement in patient care. There is growing evidence that family members play an important role in supporting patient care, and that the physical environment affects family involvement. However, few empirical studies have attempted to show the effectiveness of the patient-centered design on family members' presence and their behavior.

METHODS:

This study compared the degree of family presence and family–patient and family–staff interactions in two intensive care units (ICUs) with different physical environmental conditions, but housing patients of similar acuity and disease type.

RESULTS:

The analysis identified a significant difference in family presence in patient rooms ( t = −2.176; df = 79.0; p = 0.03) between the traditional and the patient-centered units. Patients in the family-centered care unit ( M = 37.77; SD = 34.02) spent significantly more time with their family members in patient rooms than did patients in the traditional unit ( M = 23.89; SD = 21.90). Patient-related variables other than unit design had no significant impact on family presence and interactions.

CONCLUSIONS:

Findings demonstrated that the patient-centered unit (5K) was associated with increased family presence in the patient rooms and increased family interaction with patients, when compared with the traditionally designed unit.
Barriers to Garden Visitation in Children's Hospitals
Authors: Pasha Samira
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to identify barriers to use of outdoor spaces in Texas pediatric healthcare facilities.

BACKGROUND:

Available research on hospital healing gardens and outdoor spaces has indicated that despite several health benefits of garden visitation for staff, patients, and family members, these amenities are not being used to their fullest capacity. Previous researchers have recommended design features such as comfortable seats and adequate shade to increase garden visitation in healthcare setting. However no quantitative data have demonstrated significance of correlation between presence of these design features and garden use. The present study served to statistically support design guidelines suggested by previous researchers and introduce new guidelines.

METHODS:

Site visits and surveys were conducted in five green outdoor spaces in three pediatric hospitals in east Texas. Hospital visitors, family members, and staff responded to questions concerning barriers to garden visitation, their visitation habits, and satisfaction with the garden features. The study was reviewed and approved by Institutional Review Boards of the relevant hospitals and academic institutions.

RESULTS:

A negative significant correlation was found between staff garden use and dissatisfaction with quality of seats and poor shade. While quality of seats didn't impact visitor and family member garden visitation, a significant negative correlation was found between poor shade and their garden use.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study served to statistically support previous design suggestions for hospital gardens, and introduced new design guidelines. Design recommendations include functionality, visibility, accessibility, exclusivity, and availability of shade and seats.
The Question of Knowledge in Evidence-Based Design for Healthcare Facilities: Limitations and Suggestions
Authors: Rashid Mahbub
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

To help designers and researchers and other proponents of evidence-based design (EBD) overcome limitations concerning knowledge categorization and acquisition of evidence-based design (EBD).

BACKGROUND:

The evidence-based design (EBD) approach for healthcare facilities has been widely embraced by both designers and researchers in recent years; however, there are some limitations concerning knowledge categorization and acquisition of EBD. These limitations include an overemphasis on empirical knowledge gained by experimental research, a narrow focus that excludes design knowledge generated outside healthcare and allied fields, and a lack of interest in empirical knowledge gained by qualitative studies. In order to overcome these limitations, the proponents of EBD must acknowledge that design knowledge relevant to healthcare design can be found in disciplines unrelated to healthcare; that design knowledge does not always need empirical validation; and that design knowledge of the semantic kind can be more easily accessed and understood through qualitative studies.

CONCLUSIONS:

To reassess the foundations of knowledge of EBD with moderated skepticism is necessary because there are philosophical and analytical problems yet to be overcome in delivering on the promises of EBD. To question and reassess the foundations of knowledge base of EBD is not necessarily to deny its value, but rather to stimulate a judicious and balanced appraisal of its limitations so that, in future, we are able to take necessary steps to overcome these limitations.
The Role of the Hospital Environment in the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections by Contact Transmission
Authors: Steinberg James P. , Denham Megan E. , Zimring Craig , Kasali Altug , Hall Kendall K. , Jacob Jesse T.
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

This article describes the role of the hospital environment in the spread of pathogens by direct and indirect contact. In addition, the prevention of transmission through interventions involving the built environment is discussed.

BACKGROUND:

The hospital environment can become contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, some of which can persist for long periods of time. Although contamination is common, the contribution of the hospital environment to the development of healthcare-associated infections remains unclear. In part spurred by the development of newer technologies to enhance environmental cleaning or to prevent contamination, research into the role of the environment in causing healthcare-associated infections has accelerated.

TOPICAL HEADINGS:

A review of the recent literature finds an increasing body of evidence implicating contaminated surfaces in patient care areas in the transmission of pathogens and the development of infections. Single-patient rooms and optimally placed alcohol hand rub dispensers and other design features can mitigate infection risk. Enhanced environmental cleaning including touchless technologies and self-cleaning surfaces can reduce environmental contamination and may prevent infections.

CONCLUSIONS:

The hospital environment contributes to transmission of pathogens in hospitals and to the development of healthcare-associated infections. Newer technologies to prevent environmental contamination or to enhance cleaning are promising although additional studies with the endpoints of reduction of infections are needed before the role of these technologies is known.
Rehabilitation Centers in Change: Participatory Methods for Managing Redesign and Renovation
Authors: Lahtinen Marjaana , Nenonen Suvi , Rasila Heidi , Lehtelä Jouni , Ruohomäki Virpi , Reijula Kari
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this article is to describe a set of participatory methods that we have either developed or modified for developing future work and service environments to better suit renewable rehabilitation processes. We discuss the methods in a larger framework of change process model and participatory design.

BACKGROUND:

Rehabilitation organizations are currently in transition; customer groups, financing, services, and the processes of rehabilitation centers are changing. The pressure for change challenges the centers to develop both their processes and facilities. There is a need for methods that support change management.

METHODS:

Four participatory methods were developed: future workshop, change survey, multi-method assessment tool, and participatory design generator cards. They were tested and evaluated in three rehabilitation centers at the different phases of their change process.

RESULTS:

The developed methods were considered useful in creating a mutual understanding of the change goals between different stakeholders, providing a good picture of the work community's attitudes toward the change, forming an integrated overview of the built and perceived environment, inspiring new solutions, and supporting the management in steering the change process.

CONCLUSIONS:

The change process model described in this article serves as a practical framework that combined the viewpoints of organizational and facility development. However, participatory design continues to face challenges concerning communication between different stakeholders, and further development of the methods and processes is still needed. Intervention studies could provide data on the success factors that enhance the transformations in the rehabilitation sector.
The Influence of Ambient Scent and Music on Patients' Anxiety in a Waiting Room of a Plastic Surgeon
Authors: Fenko Anna , Loock Caroline
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

This study investigates the influence of ambient scent and music, and their combination, on patients' anxiety in a waiting room of a plastic surgeon.

BACKGROUND:

Waiting for an appointment with a plastic surgeon can increase a patient's anxiety. It is important to make the waiting time before an appointment with the surgeon more pleasant and to reduce the patient's anxiety. Ambient environmental stimuli can influence people's mood, cognition, and behavior. This experimental study was performed to test whether ambient scent and music can help to reduce patients' anxiety.

METHODS:

Two pre-studies ( n = 21) were conducted to measure the subjective pleasantness and arousal of various scents and music styles. Scent and music that scored high on pleasantness and low on arousal were selected for the main study. The field experiment ( n = 117) was conducted in the waiting room of a German plastic surgeon. The patients' levels of anxiety were measured in four conditions: (1) without scent and music, (2) with lavender scent; (3) with instrumental music; (4) with both scent and music.

RESULTS:

When used separately, each of the environmental factors, music and scent, significantly reduced the level of patient's anxiety compared to the control condition. However, the combination of scent and music was not effective in reducing anxiety.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results suggest that ambient scent and music can help to reduce patients' anxiety, but they should be used with caution. Adding more ambient elements to environment could raise patients' level of arousal and thus increase their anxiety.
A Hospital's Contemporary Art Collection: Effects on Patient Mood, Stress, Comfort, and Expectations
Authors: Karnik Meghana , Printz Bellamy , Finkel Jennifer
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

It is not firmly established whether an art collection of diverse subject matter, media, and imagery in the hospital environment can play a significant role in mitigating the psychological stresses and physical pain associated with a hospital visit, or whether it improves patients' satisfaction with their care. The variety of contemporary art displayed in the institution investigated in this paper served as a case study to assess the qualitative and quantitative effects of such a collection on patient health and experience. We sought to assess whether the diversity in subject matter, imagery, and media would positively affect patient mood, comfort level, stress level, and expectation of visit.

BACKGROUND:

Previous research concluded that nature art (i.e., representational depictions of nature) has positive effects on patient health outcomes. Studies to date have assessed the effects of individual units of artwork rather than that of an art collection as a whole.

METHODS:

A survey was sent to 4,376 members of an online Patient Panel, comprised of patients who volunteer to evaluate their experiences at Cleveland Clinic. For this study, Panel members were screened based on whether they had been to the Main Campus in the past 12 months.

RESULTS:

A majority of respondents noticed the artwork, had improved moods and stress levels due to the artwork, and reported that the art collection positively impacted their overall satisfaction and impression of the hospital.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings demonstrate that this particular collection has a significant effect on the patient experience and on self-reported mood, stress, comfort, and expectations. These results suggest that patients may respond positively to the diversity of the collection, and to other types of art in addition to nature art.
Environmental Cues: Their Influence within Assisted Living Facilities
Authors: Wood-Nartker Jeanneane , Guerin Denise A. , Beuschel Emily
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

This observational study examined the relationship between the number of environmental sensory cues within assisted living facilities (ALFs) and the number of falls by residents, using Lawton's environmental press theory as framework.

BACKGROUND:

A result of declining physical health is unintentional injury, for example, falling, which is one of the leading causes of death for older adults. Physical limitations increase largely due to age-related physical and sensory decline, which can increase the risk of people falling. Therefore, fall prevention becomes essential ( Willis, 2000 ).

METHODS:

On-site interviews were scheduled with 140 ALF directors located in the lower peninsula of Michigan. The researchers collected physical environmental data using a sensory cue checklist on a subset of rooms, for example, Lounge/Living Room, Dining Room, Corridor, Public Restroom, and Foyers in ALFs, because of the prevalence of falls within these rooms.

RESULTS:

Findings showed that fall rates and environmental cues sometimes have a negative correlation. A positive correlation was found between the number of residents living in an ALF and the mean number of cues included in the overall environment. Finally, there were a greater number of environmental cues incorporated when design professionals were involved.

CONCLUSIONS:

The need to control for facility size and for some room types when relating environmental cues to falls became clear. In addition, design professionals should have a thorough understanding of the nature of the facility and the need to control some factors in facilities, especially when including environmental cues.
Messages from Space: An Exploration of the Relationship between Hospital Birth Environments and Midwifery Practice
Authors: Hammond Athena D. , Homer Caroline S. E. , Foureur Maralyn
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

To explore the relationship between the birth environment and the practice of midwifery using the theoretical approach of critical realism.

BACKGROUND:

The practice of midwifery has significant influence on the experiences and health outcomes of childbearing women. In the developed world most midwifery takes place in hospitals. The design and aesthetics of the hospital birth environment have an effect on midwives and inevitably play a role in shaping their practice. Despite this, knowledge about midwives' own thoughts and feelings regarding the design of hospital birth environments is limited.

METHODS:

An exploratory descriptive methodology was used and 16 face-to-face photo-elicitation interviews were conducted with practicing midwives. Audio recordings were made of the interviews and they were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis, informed by the theoretical framework of critical realism, was undertaken.

RESULTS:

Midwives identified cognitive and emotional responses to varied birth environments and were able to describe the way in which these responses influenced their practice. The overarching theme of “messages from space” was developed along with three sub-themes: messages, feelings, and behaviors. Midwives' responses aligned with the three domains of a critical realist world-view and indicated that a relationship existed between hospital birth environments and midwifery practice.

CONCLUSIONS:

The design of hospital birth rooms may shape midwifery practice by generating cognitive and emotional responses, which influence the activities and behaviors of individual midwives.
Comparative Analysis of Hospital Energy Use: Pacific Northwest and Scandinavia
Authors: Burpee Heather , McDade Erin
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to establish the potential for significant energy reduction in hospitals in the United States by providing evidence of Scandinavian operational precedents with high Interior Environmental Quality (IEQ) and substantially lower energy profiles than comparable U.S. facilities. These facilities set important precedents for design teams seeking operational examples for achieving aggressive energy and interior environmental quality goals. This examination of operational hospitals is intended to offer hospital owners, designers, and building managers a strong case and concrete framework for strategies to achieve exceptionally high performing buildings.

BACKGROUND:

Energy efficient hospitals have the potential to significantly impact the U.S.'s overall energy profile, and key stakeholders in the hospital industry need specific, operationally grounded precedents in order to successfully implement informed energy reduction strategies. This study is an outgrowth of previous research evaluating high quality, low energy hospitals that serve as examples for new high performance hospital design, construction, and operation. Through extensive interviews, numerous site visits, the development of case studies, and data collection, this team has established thorough qualitative and quantitative analyses of several contemporary hospitals in Scandinavia and the Pacific Northwest. Many Scandinavian hospitals demonstrate a low energy profile, and when analyzed in comparison with U.S. hospitals, such Scandinavian precedents help define the framework required to make significant changes in the U.S. hospital building industry.

METHODS:

Eight hospitals, four Scandinavian and four Pacific Northwest, were quantitatively compared using the Environmental Protection Agency's Portfolio Manager, allowing researchers to answer specific questions about the impact of energy source and architectural and mechanical strategies on energy efficiency in operational hospitals.

RESULTS:

Specific architectural, mechanical, and plant systems make these Scandinavian hospitals more energy efficient than their Pacific Northwest counterparts. More importantly, synergistic systems integration allows for their significant reductions in energy consumption.

CONCLUSIONS:

This quantitative comparison of operational Scandinavian and Pacific Northwest hospitals resulted in compelling evidence of the potential for deep energy savings in the U.S., and allowed researchers to outline specific strategies for achieving such reductions.
Confirming, Classifying, and Prioritizing Needed Over-the-Bed Table Improvements via Methodological Triangulation
Authors: Manganelli Joe , Threatt Anthony , Brooks Johnell O. , Healy Stan , Merino Jessica , Yanik Paul , Walker Ian , Green Keith
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE:

This article presents the results of a qualitative study that confirmed, classified, and prioritized user needs for the design of a more useful, usable, and actively assistive over-the-bed table.

BACKGROUND:

Manganelli et al. (2014) generated a list of 74 needs for use in developing an actively assistive over-the-bed table. This present study assesses the value and importance of those needs.

METHODS:

Fourteen healthcare subject matter experts and eight research and design subject matter experts engaged in a participatory and iterative research and design process. A mixed methods qualitative approach used methodological triangulation to confirm the value of the findings and ratings to establish importance. Open and closed card sorts and a Delphi study were used. Data analysis methods included frequency analysis, content analysis, and a modified Kano analysis.

RESULTS:

A table demonstrating the needs that are of high importance to both groups of subject matter experts and classification of the design challenges each represents was produced. Through this process, the list of 74 needs was refined to the 37 most important need statements for both groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Designing a more useful, usable, and actively assistive over-the-bed table is primarily about the ability to position it optimally with respect to the user for any task, as well as improving ease of use and usability. It is also important to make explicit and discuss the differences in priorities and perspectives demonstrated between research and design teams and their clients.
Positioning Patient Status Monitors in a Family Waiting Room
Authors: Margolies Rebecca , Gurnaney Harshad , Egeth Marc , Fink Nicole , Soosaar Jennifer , Shames Adam , Rehman Mohamed
Published: February 2015

Objective:

To determine where to place patient status displays for family members in the operating room family waiting room at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.

Methods:

We calculated the percentage of seats from which wall monitors placed in hypothetical positions would be usable. We validated the usability of the new monitors by observing nonemployees’ use of monitors in the waiting room 1 week before and 1 week after implementation.

Results:

Compared to the legacy monitor, the new monitors were observed to be used from more locations within the waiting room and more people were observed to use the new monitors soon after entering the waiting room.

Conclusions:

Seemingly trivial decisions like where in a waiting room to place monitors can be informed by careful data collection and the consequences can observably impact communication between hospital staff and family members waiting for loved ones in surgery.
Diving into the Ice Bucket Challenge
Authors: McKee Kathleen , Nelson Sarah , Batra Ayush , Klein Joshua P. , Henderson Galen V.
Published: February 2015

Triggered by facial exposure to cold water and apnea, the mammalian diving reflex consists of bradycardia and peripheral arteriolar vasoconstriction leading to an increase in central arterial pressure. It has been previously associated with ischemic stroke but not definitively with intracerebral hemorrhage. We present a case of intracerebral hemorrhage occurring in a woman with poorly controlled hypertension following her participation in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis fund-raising “Ice Bucket Challenge,” in which ice-cold water was poured on her head. We suspect that facial exposure to ice-cold water triggered the diving reflex, causing a hypertensive surge and ultimately the intracerebral hemorrhage.
Understanding Type 2 Diabetes in Students With Obesity and the Role of the School Nurse
Authors: Berquist Mary Jane
Published: February 2015

Co-morbidities of obesity in children mirror those seen in adults. Virtually any body system can be affected. The January 2015 issue of the NASN School Nurse featured an introductory article on childhood obesity. This article is the first of six related articles focusing on co-morbidities of childhood obesity and focuses on type 2 diabetes (T2D). School nurses can play an integral role in the identification, prevention, and treatment of childhood obesity. With one in three of our nation’s school-age children diagnosed as overweight or obese, it is imperative that school nurses join families, public health agencies, and medical communities in mounting a coordinated attack against this threat.
Sensitivity to Perceived Facial Trustworthiness Is Increased by Activating Self-Protection Motives
Authors: Young Steven G. , Slepian Michael L. , Sacco Donald F.
Published: February 2015

Self-protection motives have been documented to influence a range of intergroup processes, including biased categorization of racially ambiguous targets as out-group members and a heightened ability to discriminate in-group from out-group members. In this work, the influence of self-protective states is extended to interpersonal processes. Specifically, in two experiments we demonstrate that activating self-protection motives (relative to a control experience) leads to more accurate detection of facial cues associated with trustworthiness. In Experiment 1, participants with salient self-protection concerns were better able to distinguish between faces pre-rated as appearing high and low in trustworthiness. In Experiment 2, we used dynamic cues associated with trustworthiness and found that participants with active self-protection goals more accurately distinguished genuine from false smiles. These results are among the first to document the influence of self-protection motives on interpersonal judgments, thereby expanding the scope and focus of fundamental motives research.
Sex-Specific Predictors of Intra-articular Injuries Observed During Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Kluczynski Melissa A. , Marzo John M. , Rauh Michael A. , Bernas Geoffrey A. , Bisson Leslie J.
Published: February 2015

Background:

Male patients tend to have more meniscal and chondral injuries at the time of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction than females. No studies have examined sex-specific predictors of meniscal and chondral lesions in ACL-injured patients.

Purpose:

To identify sex-specific predictors of meniscal and chondral lesions, as well as meniscal tear management, in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data were collected prospectively from 689 patients (56.2% males) undergoing ACL reconstruction between 2005 and 2014. Predictors of meniscal tears, meniscal tear management, and chondral injuries were determined using multivariate logistic regression models stratified by sex. Predictors were age, body mass index (BMI; 25-29.99 and ≥30 vs ≤24.99 kg/m2), mechanism (contact vs noncontact) and type (high-impact sports [basketball, football, soccer, and skiing] and other sports vs not sports-related) of injury, interval from injury to surgery (≤6 vs >6 weeks), and instability episodes (vs none). Odds ratios and 95% CIs were reported.

Results:

Males had more lateral (46% vs 27.8%; P < .0001) and medial (40.2% vs 31.5%; P = .01) meniscal tears, as well as more lateral (72.1% vs 27.9%; P < .0001) and medial (61.4% vs 38.6%; P = .01) meniscectomies than females. For males, age predicted chondral injuries and medial meniscectomy; BMI ≥30 kg/m2 predicted medial meniscal tears; high-impact and other sports predicted medial meniscal tears, medial meniscectomies, and medial meniscal repairs; injuries ≤6 weeks from surgery predicted lateral meniscal repairs; and instability episodes predicted medial meniscal tears, medial tears left in situ, medial meniscectomies, and medial meniscal repairs. For females, age predicted chondral injuries, BMI ≥30 kg/m2 predicted lateral meniscectomies and repairs, and instability episodes predicted medial meniscectomies.

Conclusion:

Sex differences were observed. For males, predictors included age, BMI, sports-related injuries, injuries ≤6 weeks from surgery, and instability episodes. For females, predictors included age, BMI, and instability episodes.
Does Labral Size Correlate With Degree of Acetabular Dysplasia?
Authors: Gupta Asheesh , Chandrasekaran Sivashankar , Redmond John M. , Hammarstedt Jon E. , Cramer T. Luke , Liu Yuan , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: February 2015

Background:

Hip dysplasia has been shown to be a cause of early arthritis. The decrease in bony coverage has shown increased stress on the acetabular labrum as it shares an increased load.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to divide a cohort of patients by radiographic measures of dysplastic and nondysplastic hips for comparison with regard to labral size at 4 anatomic locations. The hypothesis was that dysplastic hips will have significantly larger labral size compared with nondysplastic hips.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A prospective study was conducted at a single institution. A total of 130 patients underwent hip arthroscopy during the study period from September 2011 to February 2012. Intraoperatively, arthroscopic measurements were taken at 4 quadrants on the acetabular clockface: anterosuperior (12-3 o’clock), anteroinferior (3-6 o’clock), posterosuperior (9-12 o’clock), and posteroinferior (6-9 o’clock). Three radiographic parameters for dysplasia were used to substratify the study population base: lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) ≤25° and LCEA >25°, acetabular inclination (AI) ≤10° and AI >10°, and anterior center-edge angle (ACEA) ≤20° and ACEA >20°.

Results:

For the LCEA ≤25° group, there were 28 hips with mean LCEA of 20.96° ± 3.40°. Patients with LCEA ≤25° had larger labral width in all 4 quadrants ( P < .05). For AI >10°, there were 12 hips with the mean AI 12.92° ± 2.50°. Patients with AI >10° had larger labral size in the posteroinferior quadrant only ( P < .05). For ACEA ≤20°, there were 4 hips with a mean ACEA of 11.25° ± 5.19°. The anteroinferior and posteroinferior quadrants had a significant increase in labral size when substratified by ACEA ≤20° ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Labral size was significantly larger in dysplastic hips compared with nondysplastic hips. The posteroinferior quadrant labrum was larger in size in dysplastic hips, as measured by any of the 3 radiographic measurements of dysplasia. Hips with LCEA ≤25° had larger labra in all 4 quadrants.
From Listening to Leading: Toward an Understanding of Supervisor Listening Within the Framework of Leader-Member Exchange Theory
Authors: Lloyd Karina J. , Boer Diana , Voelpel Sven C.
Published: February 2015

This study explores the value of supervisor listening as a seeming key competence in effectively leading employees. We conceptualize listening within the theoretical framework of leader-member exchange (LMX). Specifically, we argue that supervisor listening contributes to satisfaction with the supervisor, interactional justice, and job satisfaction, and that listening unfurls its effect through fostering strong LMX. Data from 250 German employees from various professional backgrounds was used to assess validity criteria as prerequisites for the examination of listening vis-à-vis LMX for the three outcome variables. Good performance in all validity criteria and path-modeling results indicated that perceived supervisor listening provides value for future research on supervisor-employee interactions in the work setting.
An Examination of the Effects of Self-Regulatory Focus on the Perception of the Media Richness: The Case of E-Mail
Authors: Armengol Xavier , Fernandez Vicenc , Simo Pep , Sallan Jose M
Published: February 2015

Communication is a key element in organizations’ business success. The media richness theory and the channel expansion theory are two of the most influential theories regarding the selection and use of communication media in organizations; however, literature has focused little on the effects of self-regulation by managers and employees in these theories. To analyze these topics, this study develops an empirical investigation by gathering data from 600 managers and employees using a questionnaire. The results suggest that the perception of media richness is positively affected when the individual shows a promotion focus or strategy.
Nationalism Versus Animal Rights: A Semantic Network Analysis of Value Advocacy in Corporate Crisis
Authors: Yang Aimei , Veil Shari R.
Published: February 2015

This case study provides an illustrative example of how nationalism can be exploited to shift media attention in a crisis involving international organizations. Semantic network analysis is used to explore the relationships among different meanings packaged in a corporation’s value advocacy messages. The semantic network analysis shows the semantic structure of the value advocacy messages and maps the structure of media coverage before and after the advocacy messages were released. The findings indicate that the value advocacy campaign effectively diversified the focus of media coverage. Implications for business communication research and practice are provided.
Institutionalizing Liminality
Authors: Harold Joshua
Published: February 2015

This article examines ethnic boundary formation by analyzing how former participants in a liminal organization mobilize organizational schemas of identity and practice. I envisage Jewish summer camps as liminal organizations that provide an undifferentiated setup for immersive ethnic engagement within a clearly defined temporal period. I posit that the liminality of camp helps participants overlook the complexities of identity by transmitting organizational schemas without the constraint of structural pressures. I argue the concept of liminality makes visible structural pressures that stimulate deliberate cognition over organizational schemas. Using qualitative interviews with former camp participants, this article attends to the cognitive boundary work that underlies organizational participation. It contributes to understandings of how identity practices are shaped by institutional discourses and extends ethnic boundary theory to include liminal organizational types. I show that the structure of camp activities organizes liminality into three predominant schemas. I then show how, in the context of structural shifting, campers mobilize these schemas as salient ethnic boundaries. The results demonstrate that structural pressures encourage deliberate cognition over organizational schemas, thereby complicating projects of boundary work that structure groupness.
“I Have More in Common with Americans Than I Do with Illegal Aliens”
Authors: Meyerhoffer Cassi A.
Published: February 2015

In this article, I explore different forms of perceived threat posed by the presence of minority groups and how threat impacts residential segregation and neighborhood preferences. I extend previous research by exploring non-Hispanic white residents’ preferences regarding black and Latino neighbors using qualitative data from in-depth interviews with white adults conducted in multiple neighborhoods in Buffalo, New York, and Ogden, Utah. My findings suggest that white residents perceive threat differently for blacks and Latinos. In general, blacks and Latinos elicit crime threat but Latinos also elicit concerns about a cultural threat to dominant American culture. I distinguish between perceived threat in neighborhood preferences based on: (1) perceived threat to individuals surrounding personal safety and neighborhood conditions and (2) perceived threats to national identity and economic well-being of the state. Several studies have looked at the role of cultural threat in how whites perceive racial and ethnic minorities; however, few studies look at how this threat affects neighborhood preferences specifically. Studying blacks and Latinos sheds new light on how multiple forms of perceived threat affect whites’ neighborhood preferences.
Group Position, Threat, and Immigration
Authors: Carter J. Scott , Lippard Cameron
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this paper is to move research on racial attitudes away from studying intraindividual attitudes toward studying broader structural factors that contribute to the attitudes and feelings of U.S. citizens. We focus on how interest groups and elite actors play a role in shaping the discourse on immigrants and the immigration debate in the twenty-first century. Herbert Blumer posed that over time, the dominant group develops certain feelings toward subordinate group members and that these feelings form the basis of racial prejudice. These feelings include notions of superiority, the alienation of other groups, proprietary claims over valued resources, and finally, a feeling that resources are threatened. While not dismissing the importance of interpersonal interactions, Blumer posed that elite entities within the dominant group play prominent roles in producing and managing these feelings among the masses because they have access to the public ear. To assess how the elite attempt to manage feelings toward immigration, we use qualitative data from 33 amicus briefs submitted in support of Arizona’s SB 1070 law in the Arizona v. United States case. Findings reveal that each of the feelings was prominently represented in all briefs, which supports the notion that elite entities use arguments that promote feelings Blumer associated with racial prejudice.
Sonographic Evaluation of Fournier’s Gangrene
Authors: Wampler Kathryn M. , Bluedorn Emily A. , Michael Kim
Published: February 2015

Fournier’s gangrene is a rare type of necrotizing fasciitis specific to the superficial fascia and subcutaneous tissues of the external genitalia, perineum, perirectal, and ischiorectal regions. It is usually diagnosed clinically, and imaging is used to support the diagnosis, assess the extent of the necrosis, and aid in surgical planning. Computed tomography (CT) is the primary imaging modality to diagnose Fournier’s gangrene, usually after symptoms are severe. Sonography may be used to diagnose early stages of this disease and to differentiate it from intrascrotal pathology or benign cellulitis. A case of Fournier’s gangrene is presented that discusses sonographic findings of Fournier’s gangrene and the disease process.
Plasminogen associates with phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets and contributes to thrombus lysis under flow
Authors: Whyte Claire S. , Swieringa Frauke , Mastenbroek Tom G. , Lionikiene Ausra S. , Lancé Marcus D. , van der Meijden Paola E. J. , Heemskerk Johan W. M. , Mutch Nicola J.
Published: February 2015

Key Points

Under physiological flow rates, plasminogen primarily accumulates on fibrin(ogen), emanating from platelets and initiates fibrinolysis. Plasminogen is localized to defined “caps” on the surface of PS-exposing platelets in a fibrin(ogen)-dependent manner.
The phase transformation of CuInS2 from chalcopyrite to wurtzite
Authors: Xie Bing-Bing , Hu Bin-Bin , Jiang Li-Fang , Li Guo , Du Zu-Liang
Published: February 2015

In the present work, CuInS2 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by water-bath method with deionized water as solvent and thioglycolic acid as complexing agent at 80°C. The phase transition of CuInS2 from chalcopyrite to wurtzite was realized by adjusting the pH value of reaction solution. The emergence of Cu2S in the condition of higher pH value of reaction solution led to the formation of wurtzite CuInS2. This facile method that controls the phase structure by adjusting the solution pH value could open a new way to synthesize other I-III-VI2 ternary semiconductor compounds.
Efficacy and safety of citrate-based anticoagulation compared to heparin in patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stucker Fabien , Ponte Belen , Tataw James , Martin Pierre-Yves , Wozniak Hannah , Pugin Jérome , Saudan Patrick
Published: February 2015

Introduction

A systemic anticoagulation is often required to prevent circuit and filter clotting in ICU patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). A regional citrate-based anticoagulation (RCA) does not induce a systemic anticoagulation and prolongs the filter lifespan, but metabolic side-effects have been associated with this therapy. We conducted a randomized controlled trial with patients requiring CRRT to determine whether RCA using a balanced predilution replacement fluid is more effective than heparin in terms of renal replacement delivered dose and safety profile.

Methods

One hundred and three patients with AKI requiring CRRT were included. The patients were randomized to either CRRT with RCA or heparin anticoagulation. Primary endpoints were effective daily delivered RRT dose during the first 3 days of CRRT and filter lifespan. Secondary endpoints were 28-day and 90-day survival and severe metabolic complications and bleeding disorders.

Results

Median CRRT duration was 3.0 (2–6) days. Effective delivered daily RRT doses were 29 ± 3 and 27 ± 5 mL/kg/hr in the RCA and heparin groups, respectively (p = 0.005). Filter lifespans were 49 ± 29 versus 28 ± 23 hrs in the RCA and heparin groups (p = 0.004). Survival rates at 28 and 90 days were 80-74% in the RCA and 74-73% in the heparin group. Electrolytes and acid–base disturbances were uncommon and transient in patients treated with RCA.

Conclusions

These results show that RCA is superior to heparin-based anticoagulation in terms of delivered RRT dose and filter life span and is a safe and feasible method. This does not translate into an improvement in short term survival.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01269112. Registered 3rd January 2011.
CopywriteR: DNA copy number detection from off-target sequence data
Authors: Kuilman Thomas , Velds Arno , Kemper Kristel , Ranzani Marco , Bombardelli Lorenzo , Hoogstraat Marlous , Nevedomskaya Ekaterina , Xu Guotai , de Ruiter Julian , Lolkema Martijn P , Ylstra Bauke , Jonkers Jos , Rottenberg Sven , Wessels Lodewyk F , Adams David J , Peeper Daniel S , Krijgsman Oscar
Published: February 2015

Current methods for detection of copy number variants (CNV) and aberrations (CNA) from targeted sequencing data are based on the depth of coverage of captured exons. Accurate CNA determination is complicated by uneven genomic distribution and non-uniform capture efficiency of targeted exons. Here we present CopywriteR, which eludes these problems by exploiting ‘off-target’ sequence reads. CopywriteR allows for extracting uniformly distributed copy number information, can be used without reference, and can be applied to sequencing data obtained from various techniques including chromatin immunoprecipitation and target enrichment on small gene panels. CopywriteR outperforms existing methods and constitutes a widely applicable alternative to available tools.