bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Switching between reference adalimumab and biosimilars in chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases: A systematic literature review
Authors: García‐Beloso Nerea , Altabás‐González Irene , Samartín‐Ucha Marisol , Gayoso‐Rey Mónica , De Castro‐Parga María Luísa , Salgado‐Barreira Ángel , Cibeira‐Badia Amelia , Piñeiro‐Corrales María Guadalupe , González‐Vilas Daniel , Pego‐Reigosa Jose María , Martínez‐López de Castro Noemí
Published: October 2021

Aims

Adalimumab is a biological therapy used to treat different chronic inflammatory diseases. At present, there is an increasing number of adalimumab biosimilars. To assume the acceptability of interchangeability between reference adalimumab and biosimilars, there should be evidence about efficacy and safety of this switching. Regulation of this practice falls under the authority of individual European Union Member States. The aim of this study is to

systematically review the evidence on the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of switching between reference adalimumab and biosimilars in different chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases.

Methods

Studies presenting data about switching between reference adalimumab and biosimilars were identified by sensitive search strategies in Medline and EMBASE from 1 January 2004 to 30 June 2021.

Results

A total of 471 references were obtained and 21 finally included in the analysis (total number of patients switching: 2802). Eight different adalimumab biosimilars were tested after receiving reference adalimumab. Eight articles included rheumatoid arthritis (RA), one miscellaneous rheumatic disease, six psoriasis (PSO) and six inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Overall, the efficacy results in the switching groups were comparable to those obtained in the arms of continuous biosimilar and continuous reference adalimumab. There were no significant differences in treatment emergent adverse events, anti‐drug or neutralising antibodies among the three groups.

Conclusions

Switching between reference adalimumab and biosimilars has no impact on efficacy, safety and immunogenicity in patients with RA, PSO and IBD. This finding was consistent for the different adalimumab biosimilars analysed. These conclusions could probably be extended to other rheumatic diseases such as psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
Association of proton‐pump inhibitor use with adverse health outcomes: A systematic umbrella review of meta‐analyses of cohort studies and randomised controlled trials
Authors: Veettil Sajesh K. , Sadoyu Saranrat , Bald Elizabeth M , Chandran Viji P. , Khuu Scott Anh Tuan , Pitak Panitan , Lee Yeong Yeh , Nair Athira Balakrishnan , Antony Paul T. , Ford Alexander C. , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn
Published: October 2021

Aims

The aim was to perform an umbrella review to summarise the existing evidence on proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) use and adverse outcomes and to grade the certainty of evidence.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched up to July 2021 for meta‐analyses of cohort studies and/or randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Summary effect sizes from a random‐effects model, between‐study heterogeneity, 95% prediction interval, small‐study effect, excess significance and credibility ceilings were devised to classify the credibility of evidence from meta‐analyses of cohort studies, whereas the GRADE approach was used for meta‐analyses of RCTs.

Results

In meta‐analyses of cohort studies, 52 of the 91 examined associations were statistically significant (P ≤ .05). Convincing evidence emerged from main analysis for the association between PPI use and risk of all‐site fracture and chronic kidney disease in the elderly population. However, none of these associations remained supported by convincing evidence after sensitivity analyses. The use of PPI is also associated with an increased risk of mortality due to COVID‐19 infection and other related adverse outcomes, but the quality of evidence was weak. In meta‐analyses of RCTs, 38 of the 63 examined associations were statistically significant. However, no associations were supported by high or moderate‐quality evidence.

Conclusion

This study's findings imply that most putative adverse outcomes associated with PPI use may not be supported by high‐quality evidence and are likely to have been affected by underlying confounding factors. Future research is needed to confirm the causal association between PPI use and risk of fracture and chronic kidney disease.
Clinical usefulness of prediction tools to identify adult hospitalized patients at risk of drug‐related problems: A systematic review of clinical prediction models and risk assessment tools
Authors: Deawjaroen Kulchalee , Sillabutra Jutatip , Poolsup Nalinee , Stewart Derek , Suksomboon Naeti
Published: October 2021

Aims

This study aimed to review systematically all available prediction tools identifying adult hospitalized patients at risk of drug‐related problems, and to synthesize the evidence on performance and clinical usefulness.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant studies. Titles, abstracts and full‐text studies were sequentially screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) and the Revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2) checklists were used to assess risk of bias and applicability of prediction tools. A narrative synthesis was performed.

Results

A total of 21 studies were included, 14 of which described the development of new prediction tools (four risk assessment tools and ten clinical prediction models) and six studies were validation based and one an impact study. There were variations in tool development processes, outcome measures and included predictors. Overall, tool performance had limitations in reporting and consistency, with the discriminatory ability based on area under the curve receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) ranging from poor to good (0.62–0.81), sensitivity and specificity ranging from 57.0% to 89.9% and 30.2% to 88.0%, respectively. The Medicines Optimisation Assessment tool and Assessment of Risk tool were prediction tools with the lowest risk of bias and low concern for applicability. Studies reporting external validation and impact on patient outcomes were scarce.

Conclusion

Most prediction tools have limitations in development and validation processes, as well as scarce evidence of clinical usefulness. Future studies should attempt to either refine currently available tools or apply a rigorous process capturing evidence of acceptance, usefulness, performance and outcomes.
Don’t put all your green eggs in one basket: Examining environmentally friendly sub‐branding strategies
Authors: Koo Jayoung , Loken Barbara
Published: October 2021

Although marketers are increasingly developing strategies to promote environmentally‐friendly images for their brands, little is known about green brand architecture strategies. The current study examines two sub‐branding strategies and finds that when green products are dispersed across several sub‐brands (vs. concentrated within one sub‐brand), consumers are more likely to infer that the overall parent brand is environmentally friendly. The sincerity of the company’s sustainability efforts is found to mediate the effects of the sub‐branding strategy on consumers’ eco‐friendly beliefs of the parent brand. Specifically, consumers associate dispersed strategy (vs. concentrated strategy) with intrinsic motive (vs. extrinsic motive) of the company’s sustainability policy. As a result, dispersed strategy instead of concentrated strategy promotes spillover effects of sustainability to the parent brand, demonstrating the impact of brand structure on spillover to the parent brand equity. Managerial implications are discussed related to the automobile company’s sub‐branding strategy.
Epstein–Barr virus status of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma is associated with patient age and mutational features
Authors: Richter Julia , John Katharina , Staiger Annette M. , Rosenwald Andreas , Kurz Katrin , Michgehl Ulf , Ott German , Franzenburg Sören , Kohler Christian , Finger Jasmin , Oschlies Ilske , Paul Ulrike , Siebert Reiner , Spang Rainer , Burkhardt Birgit , Klapper Wolfram
Published: October 2021

Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is the most frequent tumour of children and adolescents but a rare subtype of lymphomas in adults. To date most molecular data have been obtained from lymphomas arising in the young. Recently, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positive and negative BL in young patients was shown to differ in molecular features. In the present study, we present a large age‐overarching cohort of sporadic BL (n = 162) analysed by immunohistochemistry, translocations of MYC proto‐oncogene, basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor (MYC), B‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and B‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and by targeted sequencing. We illustrate an age‐associated inter‐tumoral molecular heterogeneity in this disease. Mutations affecting inhibitor of DNA binding 3, HLH protein (ID3), transcription factor 3 (TCF3) and cyclin D3 (CCND3), which are highly recurrent in paediatric BL, and expression of sex determining region Y‐box transcription factor 11 (SOX11) declined with patient age at diagnosis (P = 0·0204 and P = 0·0197 respectively). In contrast, EBV was more frequently detected in adult patients (P = 0·0262). Irrespective of age, EBV‐positive sporadic BL showed significantly less frequent mutations in ID3/TCF3/CCND3 (P = 0·0088) but more often mutations of G protein subunit alpha 13 (GNA13; P = 0·0368) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1; P = 0·0044) compared to EBV‐negative tumours. Our findings suggest that among sporadic BL an EBV‐positive subgroup of lymphomas increases with patient age that shows distinct pathogenic features reminiscent of EBV‐positive endemic BL.
An insight into cytotoxic activity of flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids from selected plants of Asteraceae species
Authors: Butala Sahil , Suvarna Vasanti , Mallya Rashmi , Khan Tabassum
Published: October 2021

Cancer continues to be a disease that is difficult to cure and the current therapeutic regimen is associated with severe side effects and the issue of emerging drug resistance. According to the World Health Organization fact sheet 2017, cancer is the second major cause of morbidity and death and a 70% rise in new cases is expected over the next 20 years. The quest for new anticancer chemical entities is a thrust area identified by many government agencies and industry research and development groups. Nature‐derived entities have played a very important role in therapeutics especially cancer Asteraceae is a large family consisting of around 1700 genera and more than 24,000 species. Several genera belonging to this family have ethnopharmacological uses such as cytotoxicity, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant. This review highlights the cytotoxic potential of structurally novel flavonoids and sesquiterpenes isolated from some selected species of Asteraceae plants native to Asia, Europe, parts of Africa and America. The existing literature suggests that sesquiterpenes and flavonoids from various species of Asteraceae represent a viable class of secondary metabolites with strong cytotoxic potential. These have demonstrated potent activity in cell cycle arrest, inhibition of neoangiogenesis and induction of apoptosis. The sesquiterpenoids exhibiting potent cytotoxic activity were found to contain an α‐ methylene‐butyrolactone conjugated with an exomethylene group and the flavonoids obtained from various plant species of Blumea suggest that a dihydroxy ring system present in structure is essential for activity. Most of the published literature contains in vitro data of extracts/secondary metabolites with very few in vivo studies. Additionally, there is dearth of knowledge on mechanisms of cytotoxic activity and molecular targets impacted by the active secondary metabolites. This review hopes to fuel interest in researchers to take up detailed investigations on these scaffolds that could contribute significantly as potential leads in anticancer drug development.
Climate adaptation of biodiversity conservation in managed forest landscapes
Authors: Hylander Kristoffer , Greiser Caroline , Christiansen Ditte M. , Koelemeijer Irena A.
Published: October 2021

Conservation of biodiversity in managed forest landscapes needs to be complemented with new approaches given the threat from rapid climate change. Most frameworks for adaptation of biodiversity conservation to climate change include two major strategies. The first is the resistance strategy, which focuses on actions to increase the capacity of species and communities to resist change. The second is the transformation strategy and includes actions that ease the transformation of communities to a set of species that are well adapted to the novel environmental conditions. We suggest a number of concrete actions policy makers and managers can take. Under the resistance strategy, five tools are introduced, including: identifying and protecting forest climate refugia with cold‐favored species; reducing the effects of drought by protecting the hydrological network; and actively removing competitors when they threaten cold‐favored species. Under the transformation strategy, we suggest three tools, including: enhancing conditions for forest species favored by the new climate, but currently disfavored by forest management, by planting them at suitable sites outside their main range; and increasing connectivity across the landscape to enhance the expansion of warm‐favored species to sites that have become suitable. Finally, we suggest applying a landscape perspective and simultaneously managing for both retreating and expanding species. The two different strategies (resistance and transformation) should be seen as complementary ways to maintain a rich biodiversity in future forest ecosystems.
Diverse landscape of dermatologic toxicities from small‐molecule inhibitor cancer therapy
Authors: Seervai Riyad N. H. , Cho Woo Cheal , Chu Emily Y. , Marques‐Piubelli Mario L. , Ledesma Debora A. , Richards Kristen , Heberton Meghan M. , Nelson Kelly C. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Prieto Victor G. , Curry Jonathan L.
Published: October 2021

Background

Advances in molecular biology and genetics have contributed to breakthrough treatments directed at specific pathways associated with the development of cancer. Small‐molecule inhibitors (Nibs) aimed at a variety of cellular pathways have been efficacious; however, they are associated with significant dermatologic toxicities.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive review of dermatologic toxicities associated with Nibs categorized into the following five groups: (a) mitogen‐activated protein kinase; (b) growth factor/multi‐tyrosine kinase; (c) cell division/DNA repair; (d) signaling associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms; and (e) other signaling pathways. Prospective phase I, II, or III clinical trials, retrospective literature reviews, systematic reviews/meta‐analyses, and case reviews/reports were included for analysis.

Results

Dermatologic toxicities reviewed were associated with every class of Nibs and ranged from mild to severe or life‐threatening adverse skin reactions. Inflammatory reactions manifesting as maculopapular, papulopustular/acneiform, and eczematous lesions were frequent types of dermatologic toxicities seen with Nibs. Squamous cell carcinoma with keratoacanthoma‐like features was associated with a subset of Nibs. Substantial overlap in dermatologic toxicities was found between Nibs.

Conclusions

Dermatologic toxicities from Nibs are diverse and may overlap between classes of Nibs. Recognition of the various types of toxicities from Nibs is critical for patient care in the era of “oncodermatology/dermatopathology.”
Current and future plant invasions in protected areas: Does clonality matter?
Authors: Wan Ji‐Zhong , Wang Chun‐Jing , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Li Mai‐He , Pouteau Robin , Yu Fei‐Hai
Published: October 2021

Aim

Protected areas (PAs) play an important role in biodiversity conservation, but remain increasingly threatened by invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in conjunction with global climate change. The latter is modifying the distribution of the former, and the magnitude and direction of distributional changes are predicted to vary depending on species dispersal mode. Here, we address the question of whether clonality is expected to affect the future invasion pattern in PAs.

Location

Worldwide.

Time period

1950–2100.

Major taxa studied

36 invasive alien plant species.

Methods

We used ensembles of three species distribution models (GLM, GAM and Maxent) based on >70,000 occurrence records to project the distribution of 36 of the world's most invasive clonal and non‐clonal plants in >20,000 PAs. Projections were based on three greenhouse gas concentration scenarios (low, medium and high) for 2080.

Results

Climate change showed little impact on the global invasion pattern in PAs, and clonality showed little effect when all biomes were processed in concert. However, we discerned that the future invasion risk of clonal IAPS markedly increased in biomes located at high elevation and high latitude compared with non‐clonal IAPS, while the risk decreased in lower‐elevation tropical and subtropical biomes where asexual reproduction may be a less successful trait. We also showed that invasion hot spots overlapped with biodiversity hot spots and two realms (i.e. Nearctic and Palearctic), which calls for bridging the gap between invasion and conservation sciences and for more concerted management strategies.

Main conclusions

We suggest that effective management of IAPS in PAs should consider in which biomes PAs are located as well as the reproductive traits of IAPS that are present or may become so.
Maintenance of glycaemic control with liraglutide versus oral antidiabetic drugs as add‐on therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with metformin alone: A randomized clinical trial in primary care (LIRA‐PRIME)
Authors: Unger Jeff , Allison Dale C. , Kaltoft Margit , Lakkole Kavitha , Panda Jayant K. , Ramesh Chethana , Sargin Mehmet , Smolyarchuk Elena , Twine Melissa , Wolthers Benjamin , Yarimbas Gizem , Zoghbi Marouan ,   the LIRA‐PRIME investigators
Published: October 2021

Aim

To compare (in the LIRA‐PRIME [NCT02730377], a randomized open‐label trial), the efficacy of liraglutide in controlling glycaemia versus an oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D), despite metformin use in a primary care setting (n = 219 sites, n = 9 countries).

Materials and Methods

Adults (n = 1991) with T2D (HbA1c 7.5%‐9.0%) receiving metformin were randomized 1:1 to liraglutide (≤1.8 mg/d) or one OAD, selected by the investigator, added to metformin, for up to 104 weeks. Primary endpoint: time to inadequate glycaemic control (HbA1c > 7.0%) at two scheduled consecutive visits after week 26. Outcomes were assessed for liraglutide versus a pooled OAD group, and (post hoc) liraglutide versus sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, and sulphonylureas individually.

Results

Among randomized patients (liraglutide, n = 996; OAD, n = 995), 47.6% were female, mean age was 57.4 years and mean HbA1c was 8.2%. Median time to inadequate glycaemic control was 44 weeks longer with liraglutide versus OAD (109 weeks [25% percentile, 38; 75% percentile, not available] vs. 65 weeks [25% percentile, 35; 75% percentile, 107], P < .0001). Changes in HbA1c and body weight at week 104 or at premature treatment discontinuation significantly favoured liraglutide over OAD. Hypoglycaemia rates were comparable between groups and few patients discontinued because of adverse events (liraglutide, 7.9% [n = 79]; OAD, 4.1% [n = 41]). Similar results were observed in the post hoc analysis for liraglutide versus individual OAD classes.

Conclusions

Glycaemic control was better maintained with liraglutide versus OAD, supporting liraglutide use when intensifying therapy in primary care patients with T2D.
Weight loss interventions and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Optimizing liver outcomes
Authors: Finer Nick
Published: October 2021

The growth in prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most important global health challenges. The three chronic diseases are closely linked in their epidemiology and pathophysiology. Currently, weight loss is the most effective treatment for NAFLD (even in the minority of patients with NAFLD who do not have obesity) and is recommended in all national and international guidelines. Accumulating evidence has shown that weight loss, whether achieved by diet and lifestyle interventions, bariatric surgery or pharmacotherapy, can improve biomarkers of NAFLD, as well as prevent progression and, in some cases, reverse fibrosis. There is a dose dependency of weight loss with NAFLD improvement. Pharmacotherapy with antiobesity medications, alone or in combination with intensive lifestyle interventions or other weight‐loss drugs, is closing the efficacy gap between diet and exercise and weight‐loss surgery in efficacy at reversing obesity. Given the importance of providing effective weight‐loss treatment to patients with NAFLD, weight management services need to be made increasingly available and embedded within hepatology services. This narrative review addresses the evidence that weight loss optimizes liver outcomes in people with NAFLD.
Cutaneous adverse reactions after COVID‐19 vaccines in a cohort of 2740 Italian subjects: An observational study
Authors: Grieco Teresa , Maddalena Patrizia , Sernicola Alvise , Muharremi Rovena , Basili Stefania , Alvaro Domenico , Cangemi Roberto , Rossi Alfredo , Pellacani Giovanni
Published: October 2021

An in‐depth characterization of the incidence, morphology, and onset of COVID‐19‐vaccines cutaneous adverse reactions is currently lacking. The existing literature on COVID‐19 vaccination‐related cutaneous adverse reactions largely focused on messenger RNA vaccines and mainly included type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, such as urticaria and angioedema. Other cutaneous manifestations are still poorly characterized and have been classified as delayed hypersensitivity rash. Our prospective observational study on a sample of 2740 subjects who underwent the COVID‐19 vaccination aimed at defining the prevalence of cutaneous adverse reactions and at identifying their timing of onset and their correlation with the administered dose. Vaccine‐related cutaneous adverse reactions occurred in 50 subjects. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire on the type of COVID‐19 vaccine received, the time of onset of cutaneous reactions, and the dates of administration. Out of 2740 individuals who received the COVID‐19 vaccination, 50 were diagnosed with cutaneous adverse reactions to vaccine, after the first dose in 28 patients, after the second in 20, and after both in two. We reported localized injection site erythema in 12 patients and generalized cutaneous reactions in 38 patients. Our study shows that cutaneous adverse reactions to COVID‐19 vaccination are not common and most often occur after the first dose, recurring infrequently after the second dose. These reactions are usually easily manageable and, even in severe generalized cases, oral antihistamines and corticosteroids were sufficient for resolution. Therefore, except for immediate hypersensitivity reactions, cutaneous adverse reactions do not represent a contraindication to the completion of the vaccination cycle.
OV329, a novel highly potent γ‐aminobutyric acid aminotransferase inactivator, induces pronounced anticonvulsant effects in the pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold test and in amygdala‐kindled rats
Authors: Feja Malte , Meller Sebastian , Deking Lillian S. , Kaczmarek Edith , During Matthew J. , Silverman Richard B. , Gernert Manuela
Published: October 2021

Objective

An attractive target to interfere with epileptic brain hyperexcitability is the enhancement of γ‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) inhibition by inactivation of the GABA‐metabolizing enzyme GABA aminotransferase (GABA‐AT). GABA‐AT inactivators were designed to control seizures by raising brain GABA levels. OV329, a novel drug candidate for the treatment of epilepsy and addiction, has been shown in vitro to be substantially more potent as a GABA‐AT inactivator than vigabatrin, an antiseizure drug approved as an add‐on therapy for adult patients with refractory complex partial seizures and monotherapy for pediatric patients with infantile spasms. Thus, we hypothesized that OV329 should produce pronounced anticonvulsant effects in two different rat seizure models.

Methods

We therefore examined the effects of OV329 (5, 20, and 40 mg/kg ip) on the seizure threshold of female Wistar Unilever rats, using the timed intravenous pentylenetetrazole (ivPTZ) seizure threshold model as a seizure test particularly sensitive to GABA‐potentiating manipulations, and amygdala‐kindled rats as a model of difficult‐to‐treat temporal lobe epilepsy.

Results

GABA‐AT inactivation by OV329 clearly increased the threshold of both ivPTZ‐induced and amygdala‐kindled seizures. OV329 further showed a 30‐fold greater anticonvulsant potency on ivPTZ‐induced myoclonic jerks and clonic seizures compared to vigabatrin investigated previously. Notably, all rats were responsive to OV329 in both seizure models.

Significance

These results reveal an anticonvulsant profile of OV329 that appears to be superior in both potency and efficacy to vigabatrin and highlight OV329 as a highly promising candidate for the treatment of seizures and pharmacoresistant epilepsies.
The impact of grade of laryngeal function immediately prior to laryngoplasty and ipsilateral ventriculocordectomy on postoperative performance: 623 Thoroughbred racehorses (1998‐2013)
Authors: Broyles Ali H. , Embertson Rolf M. , Brett Woodie J. , Machado Vinicius
Published: October 2021

Background

There is persistent concern among some trainers, owners and veterinarians regarding the effect of preoperative laryngeal function grade on the outcome of laryngoplasty and ventriculocordectomy (LPVC).

Objectives

To determine the effect of laryngeal function grade prior to LPVC on postoperative performance.

Study design

Retrospective case‐series.

Methods

Medical and race records of Thoroughbred racehorses diagnosed with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) and treated with LPVC between 1998 and 2013 were reviewed. Horses were placed into three groups based on preoperative laryngeal function grade (grade III.1, grades III.2/III.3, and grade IV). The effect of preoperative laryngeal function grade on postoperative performance was determined by multivariable logistic regression, Cox proportional hazard model and multivariable linear regression analysis.

Results

In a multivariable logistic regression, grade III.2/III.3 horses had 1.88 times higher odds (95% CI = 1.03‐3.43) of racing after LPVC than grade IV (P = .04). A multivariable Cox's proportional hazard analysis controlling for race prior to surgery (P < .01) showed that likelihood of racing postoperatively was not different between grade III.1 and grade IV (P = .6), and although not statistically significant, there was a tendency for grades III.2/III.3 to be more likely to race postoperatively than horses with grade IV (P = .07). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that grade IV horses took a longer time to race compared with grade III.1 and grade III.2/III.3. Laryngeal function grade did not influence the mean earnings per start.

Main limitations

The small number of horses in the grade III.1 group compared with the III.2/III.3 and IV groups influenced the effect of grade III.1 on outcome.

Conclusions

Laryngeal function grade may affect likelihood of racing after LPVC, but not earnings per start. Grade III. 2/III.3 horses were more likely to race postoperatively than grade IV horses, and grade IV horses took a longer time to first race after LPVC.
“It's in the family circle”: Communication promoting Indigenous family resilience
Authors: McKinley Catherine E. , Lilly Jenn
Published: October 2021

Objective

We use the Framework of Historical Oppression, Resilience, and Transcendence (FHORT) to investigate the framework's core concept of family resilience and related protective and promotive factors that contribute to greater resilience, namely communication.

Background

Scant research has examined communication in Indigenous families; yet general research suggests that family communication is a prominent aspect of family resilience.

Methods

In this exploratory sequential mixed‐methods study with data from 563 Indigenous participants (n = 436 qualitative andn = 127 quantitative survey), thematic reconstructive analysis was used to qualitatively understand participants' experiences of family communication and quantitatively examine protective factors for family resilience.

Results

The following themes related to family communication as a component of family resilience emerged from qualitative analysis: “It's in the Family Circle”: Discussing Problems as a Family with the subtheme: Honesty between Partners; (b) “Never Bring Adult Business into Kids' Lives”: Keeping Adult Conversations Private; and (c) “Trust Us Enough to Come to Us”: Open Communication between Parents and Children. Regression analysis indicated that higher community and social support, relationship quality, and life satisfaction were associated with greater family resilience.

Conclusions

Positive communication practices are a strong component of resilience, healthy Indigenous families. Promotive factors at the community (social and community support), relational (relationship quality), and individual (life satisfaction) levels positively contribute to Indigenous family resilience.

Implications

Clinical programs providing practical tools to foster healthy communication – both about difficult topics as well as positive topics – are promising avenues to foster resilience.
Sensitization in situ: Identifying interindividual differences in adolescentsʼ intraindividual responsiveness to daily interparental conflict
Authors: Sloan Carlie J. , Fosco Gregory M. , Ram Nilam
Published: October 2021

Objective

This study aimed to provide a novel evaluation of adolescent sensitization to interparental conflict (IPC), which is thought to be a critical factor in understanding multifinality in risk outcomes.

Background

Adolescentsʼ threat and self‐blame appraisals of IPC are mechanisms of risk for subsequent maladjustment. Youth who are exposed to high levels of frequent, intense, and unresolved interparental conflict are thought to become more reactive to future conflicts, a process labeled sensitization. We hypothesized that adolescents with more extensive histories of IPC would exhibit sensitization operationalized as greater intraindividual responsiveness to daily IPC. Sensitization may explain why some youth are more adversely affected by IPC than others.

Method

A 21‐day daily diary study was conducted with 150 adolescents (61.3% girls) in 9th and 10th grade (Mage = 14.61) who resided in two‐caregiver families. Adolescents provided global and daily reports of IPC and threat and self‐blame appraisals.

Results

Results from multilevel models support a sensitization hypothesis for threat appraisals: Adolescents with greater histories of IPC exhibited stronger tendencies to appraise daily IPC as threatening. No support for sensitization was found for self‐blaming attributions.

Conclusion

Findings suggest a specific underlying process to sensitization in which accumulated exposure to IPC may lead adolescents to perceive subsequent conflicts as more threatening to them or the well‐being of the family.

Implications

Sensitization to IPC may involve the interaction of multiple timescales, including daily instances of conflict. Understanding historical exposure to IPC may guide interventionistsʼ efforts when working with adolescents coping with IPC.
Editor Profile: Nektarios Tavernarakis
Authors:   The FEBS Journal Editorial Team, Tavernarakis Nektarios
Published: October 2021

In this special interview series, we profile members of The FEBS Journal editorial board to highlight their research focus, perspectives on the journal and future directions in their field. Nektarios Tavernarakis is Chairman of the Board of Directors at the Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas (FORTH), and Professor of Molecular Systems Biology at the University of Crete Medical School, Greece. In 2020, he was elected Vice President of the European Research Council (ERC). He has served as Editorial Board Member of The FEBS Journal since 2018.
Perennial grass bioenergy cropping systems: Impacts on soil fauna and implications for soil carbon accrual
Authors: Zahorec Allison , Reid Matthew L. , Tiemann Lisa K. , Landis Douglas A.
Published: October 2021

Perennial grass energy crop production is necessary for the successful and sustainable expansion of bioenergy in North America. Numerous environmental advantages are associated with perennial grass cropping systems, including their potential to promote soil carbon accrual. Despite growing research interest in the abiotic and biotic factors driving soil carbon cycling within perennial grass cropping systems, soil fauna remain a critical yet largely unexplored component of these ecosystems. By regulating microbial activity and organic matter decomposition dynamics, soil fauna influence soil carbon stability with potentially significant implications for soil carbon accrual. We begin by reviewing the diverse, predominantly indirect effects of soil fauna on soil carbon dynamics in the context of perennial grass cropping systems. Since the impacts of perennial grass energy crop production on soil fauna will mediate their potential contributions to soil carbon accrual, we then discuss how perennial grass energy crop traits, diversity, and management influence soil fauna community structure and activity. We assert that continued research into the interactions of soil fauna, microbes, and organic matter will be important for advancing our understanding of soil carbon dynamics in perennial grass cropping systems. Furthermore, explicit consideration of soil faunal effects on soil carbon can improve our ability to predict changes in soil carbon following perennial grass cropping system establishment. We conclude by addressing the major knowledge gaps that should be prioritized to better understand and model the complex connections between perennial grass bioenergy systems, soil fauna, and carbon accrual.
The effect of circulation conditions on the occurrence of cold episodes in summer in Central Europe
Authors: Tomczyk Arkadiusz M. , Sulikowska Agnieszka , Bednorz Ewa , Matzarakis Andreas
Published: October 2021

The aims of the study were to assess the multiannual variability and trends of cold episodes in summer in Central Europe and to determine circulation conditions favouring their occurrence. The research was conducted based on data obtained for stations from Germany and Poland during the period 1966–2015. Cold episodes were understood as single cold days and cold spells. A cold day is defined as a day on which the maximum air temperature is lower than the 5th percentile of the local function of probability density determined from observation, and a cold spell was defined as at least two consecutive cold days. The observed increase in the air temperature in summer translated into a decrease in the number of cold episodes. The greatest changes in their number were recorded in the southern regions of the study area. On average, during the occurrence of cold episodes in summer in Central Europe, lower than usual sea level pressure was recorded, as well as lower persistence of the 300 hPa geopotential level, indicating the presence of cold air masses. Based on the minimum variance method, known as the Ward method, three circulation types were designated to cause the occurrence of cold episodes. The designated baric conditions caused advection of cold air masses from the northern sector. In each type, the largest T850 anomalies were recorded in Central Europe, reaching even less than −5°C.
SS14‐28: An Age Reference Material for Zircon U‐Th Disequilibrium Dating
Authors: Marsden Ruby C. , Danišík Martin , Schmitt Axel K. , Rankenburg Kai , Guillong Marcel , Ahn Ung‐San , Kirkland Christopher L. , Evans Noreen J. , Bachmann Olivier , Tacchetto Tommaso , McDonald Bradley J. , Olierook Hugo K. H.
Published: October 2021

U‐Th disequilibrium dating uses the ratio of the intermediate 230Th daughter isotope to the 238U parent isotope to date zircon crystallisation for volcanic and plutonic rocks in Pleistocene–Holocene deposits. It is frequently used to constrain the duration and rate of magma recharge in volcanic systems. While ≲ 350 ka zircon is not in secular equilibrium in the 230Th system, the current U‐Th disequilibrium methodology uses reference materials that are > 350 ka. No reference material ≲ 350 ka has been available to validate the accuracy of the approach and ensure methods are repeatable across laboratories. This study presents zircon SS14‐28 from Jeju Island (South Korea) as a suitable reference material for U‐Th disequilibrium dating. Zircon SS14‐28 was analysed using two analytical approaches (SIMS and LA‐ICP‐MS) and four instruments: CAMECA IMS 1280, ASI SHRIMP II, sector field high‐resolution LA‐ICP‐MS and multi‐collector LA‐ICP‐MS, in four laboratories. These methods each individually result in isochrons gradients within uncertainty (2s) of each other (CAMECA: 0.532 ± 0.051 (MSWD = 0.64); SF‐HR‐LA‐ICP‐MS: 0.536 ± 0.054 (MSWD = 1.3); MC‐LA‐ICP‐MS: 0.533 ± 0.041 (MSWD = 0.67); SHRIMP II: 0.68 ± 0.22 (MSWD = 0.3)). The age proposed in this study is 82 ± 6 ka calculated from a combined isochron gradient of 0.529 ± 0.025 (MSWD = 0.87, n = 132).
Psychosocial factors and health practices in pregnancy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Güney Esra , Ünver Hacer , Bal Zeynep , Uçar Tuba
Published: October 2021

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate psychosocial, demographic and obstetric factors that affect health practices in pregnancy.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted with pregnant women selected by using random sampling in a public hospital in Turkey. The pregnant women (n = 383) completed the Health Practices Questionnaire in Pregnancy, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Multiple linear regression was used to examine predictors of participation in health practices. The variables were subjected to multiple linear regression analysis to estimate the effect of each independent variable (depression, anxiety, perceived social support, age, educational level, gestational week and parity) on the dependent variable (health practices).

Results

Depression and anxiety were not significantly related to gestational health practices. The multiple linear regression model showed that inadequate social support, low education level, early gestational week and high parity were significant predictors of nonengagement in favourable health practices during pregnancy.

Conclusions

Pregnant women with inadequate social support and specific demographic and obstetric characteristics are less likely to participate in gestational health practices. This study suggests that more attention should be paid to these groups to improve the health practices of pregnant women.
‘Stream and Learn’: An Experiment to Reconnect Design Students with Theoretical Contents during the Pandemic
Authors: Fernandes Clara Eloïse
Published: October 2021

As most GenZ and Millenial students now study at home, young people have shifted their media content consumption, with streaming platforms being among GenZ and Millenials favorites since the first lockdown. Could ‘Netflix and chill’ be turned into a creative learning activity for design students? As theoretical online learning is often associated with unliteral conference calls with no participation from students, we propose an experiment where joining an activity related to relaxation or even procrastination is the basis for a group assignment for design students. We will first address the curricular unit itself and how the pandemic ensued a new organisation around a specific assignment to motivate students on a multidisciplinary level by exhibiting their work online. We will then assess the results obtained in a satisfaction inquiry of the design students (N=70). Results show that online theoretic learning can incorporate multidisciplinary content and interactivity through existing platforms.
Changes in rumen microbial community composition in yak in response to seasonal variations
Authors: Huang Xiaodan , Mi Jiandui , Denman Stuart E. , Basangwangdui  , Pingcuozhandui  , Zhang Qiang , Long Ruijun , McSweeney Christopher S.
Published: October 2021

Aims

Yak is a dominant ruminant, well adapted to grazing on pasture year around in the harsh climate of the 3000-meter-high Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The complex microbial community that resides within the yak rumen is responsible for fermentation and contributes to its climatic adaptation. This study aimed to characterize the rumen microbiota responses to wide seasonal variations, especially those necessary for survival in the cold seasons.

Methods and Results

In the present study, we performed 16s rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the seasonal variations in microbiota composition, diversity and associated volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in yak rumen. The results showed that rumen microbiota were dominated by Bacteroides (72.13%–78.54%) and Firmicutes; the relative abundance of Firmicutes was higher in summer (17.44%) than in winter (10.67%; p < 0.05). The distribution of taxa differed among spring, summer and winter rumen communities (PERMANOVA, p = 0.001), whereas other taxa (e.g., Fibrobacter, Verrucomicrobia, Anaerostipes and Paludibacter), which could potentially help overcome harsh climate conditions were observed in higher abundance during the cold spring and winter seasons. The highest total VFA concentration in the yak rumen was obtained in summer (p < 0.05), followed by spring and winter, and both positive and negative correlations between VFAs and specific genera were revealed.

Conclusions

Microbiota in yak rumen appear to be highly responsive to seasonal variations. Considering environmental factors, we suggest that seasonal adaptation by microbial communities in rumen enables their hosts to survive seasonal scarcity and cold stress in the spring and winter.

Significance and Impact of Study

The present study furthers our understanding of how microbial adaptation to seasonal variations in nutrient availability and climate may function in high plateau ruminants, providing insights into the tripartite relationship between the environment, host and microbiota.
Testing the relationship between patient‐related stressor, psychological distress, work engagement, job satisfaction and recovery attitude among psychiatric nurses in Japan
Authors: Mukaihata Tsuyoshi , Greiner Chieko , Fujimoto Hirokazu
Published: October 2021

Aims

To test the relationship between patient‐related stressor, psychological distress, work engagement and outcomes (job satisfaction and recovery attitude) among psychiatric nurses in Japan. Specifically, we tested the following hypotheses: psychological distress mediates the relationship between patient‐related stressor and outcomes and work engagement moderates the direct and indirect effects of patient‐related stressor on outcomes.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

In total, 446 psychiatric nurses in Japan responded to a self‐reported questionnaire between August and October 2018. Data on demographics, patient‐related stressor, job satisfaction, recovery attitude, psychological distress and work engagement were collected, followed by a moderated mediation analysis using hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results

Regression analysis indicated that psychological distress mediated the negative relationship between patient‐related stressor and job satisfaction and that work engagement moderated the direct and indirect effects of patient‐related stressor on job satisfaction. In particular, the higher the work engagement, the higher the indirect effect, but the lower the direct effect. Additionally, no mediation of psychological distress and moderation of work engagement was observed in the relationship between patient‐related stressor and recovery attitude; however, work engagement directly increased recovery attitude. Results of the SEM test showed a satisfactory fit of the final model.

Conclusions

Work engagement facilitates recovery attitude and increases the indirect effect of patient‐related stressor on job satisfaction through psychological distress. However, work engagement decreases the direct effect not mediated by psychological distress.

Impact

This study addresses an essential topic, that is, psychiatric nurse job outcomes (job satisfaction and recovery attitude) are negatively influenced by patient‐related stressor. Work engagement has multiple beneficial effects on outcomes as both a facilitator and moderator; thus, programs that improve work engagement are useful for psychiatric nurses. Furthermore, programs may be enhanced considering that work engagement decreases the direct effect of patient‐related stressor on job satisfaction.
Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of frailty: A systematic review
Authors: Zheng Lufang , Li Guichen , Qiu Yiming , Wang Cong , Wang Chunyan , Chen Li
Published: October 2021

Aims

To systematically search for clinical practice guidelines focusing on the prevention and management of frailty, to evaluate their methodological quality and to synthesize the consensus recommendations.

Design

A systematic review.

Data Sources

Guideline websites, related professional association websites and electronic databases were systematically searched through 4 November 2020.

Review Methods

We evaluated the methodological quality of the eligible guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II). Two reviewers synthesized the consensus recommendations proposed by at least two guidelines.

Results

Eight guidelines met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The mean scores of the six domains were as follows: the ‘scope and purpose’ domain scored 88.0%, the ‘clarity of presentation’ domain scored 81.9%, the ‘stakeholder involvement’ domain scored 63.4%, the ‘editorial independence’ domain scored 62.2%, the ‘rigour of development’ domain scored 61.1% and the ‘applicability’ domain scored 57.8%. In total, we synthesized 23 recommendations for the prevention and management of frailty that are consistent among the included guidelines.

Conclusions

The number of clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of frailty is limited. The methodological quality of existing guidelines needs to be improved. Our synthesized findings provide an intuitive, convenient and summative reference resource for frailty prevention and management. It’ is worth noting that recommendations described in the included guidelines require additional detail.

Impact

Although the prevention and management of frailty is urgent, there is currently a lack of evidences guiding these processes, especially in the prevention. The methodological quality of existing guidelines is insufficient, and the recommendations described in the guidelines require additional detail. Therefore, users of these guidelines, especially nurses, should make a careful decision according to the specific situation when using. Nurses also have a key role in providing more clinical evidences for the improvement of the quality of the guidelines.