bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Density as a politics of value: Regulation, speculation, and popular urbanism
Authors: Habermehl Victoria , McFarlane Colin
Published: July 2023

Density is at the centre of urban change, and is often politicised. Building on Geographical and Urban scholarship, we set out a critical approach to understanding density through a focus on value. Following a review of key approaches to density, we show that while value is often at stake in efforts to manage, change, defend, or promote densities of different kinds, it has rarely been the explicit focus of critical research on density. We address this by outlining how density propositions entail a politics of value through three inter-related urban domains: speculation, regulation, and the popular, followed by consequences for future research.
A Multi-Strategy Computer-Assisted EFL Writing Learning System With Deep Learning Incorporated and Its Effects on Learning: A Writing Feedback Perspective
Authors: Chen Binbin , Bao Lina , Zhang Rui , Zhang Jingyu , Liu Feng , Wang Shuai , Li Mingjiang
Published: July 2023

Language learning has increasingly benefited from Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) technologies, especially with Artificial Intelligence involved in recent years. CALL in writing learning acknowledged as the core of language learning is being realized by technologies like Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE), and Automated Essay Scoring (AES), which have developed considerably in both computer and language education fields. AWE has effectively enhanced EFL students’ writing performance to some extent, but such technology can only provide an evaluation in the form of scores, the majority of which are based on holistic scoring, resulting in the inability to provide comprehensive and detailed content-based feedback. In order to provide not only the writing multiple trait-specific evaluation scores, but also detailed writing feedback, we proposed a computer-assisted EFL writing learning system incorporating the neural network models and a couple of semantic-based NLP techniques, MsCAEWL, which fully meets the requirements of writing feedback theory, i.e., multiple, continuous, timely, clear, and multi-aspect guidance interactive feedback. The results of comparison experiments with the AWE baseline models and human raters demonstrated the superiority and the high correlation contained by the proposed system. The independent-sample t-test and paired-sample t-test results of the experiments on MsCAEWL effect validation suggested the significant impact of our proposed system in enhancing students’ EFL writing proficiency.
Rural African American Women With Severe Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Lifestyle Behaviors and Psychosocial Characteristics
Authors: Alick Candice L. , Braxton Danielle , Skinner Harlyn , Alexander Ramine , Ammerman Alice S. , Keyserling Thomas C. , Samuel-Hodge Carmen D.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To examine differences in lifestyle behavioral and psychosocial factors between rural African American women with Class 3 obesity and those with overweight, and Class 1-2 obesity.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Rural Southeastern United States.

Subjects

Participants included 289 African American women with a mean age of 56 years, 66% with a high school education or less, and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 38.6 kg/m2; 35% (n = 102) were classified with Class 3 obesity.

Measures

We objectively measured height, weight, and physical activity steps/day. Self-reported dietary and physical activity behaviors, general health-related quality of life, mental health, and social support were measured with validated surveys.

Analysis

Chi-Square analysis for categorical variables and analysis of variance (ANOVA) – via multiple linear regression – for continuous variables.

Results

There were no significant demographic differences between BMI groups, except for age, where women with Class 3 obesity were on average younger (51 vs 58 y, P < .001). Although dietary behaviors did not differ significantly between groups, we observed significant group differences in self-reported and objective measures of physical activity. The age-adjusted difference in means for self-reported total physical activity minutes/wk. was 91 minutes, with women categorized with Class 3 obesity reporting significantly fewer weekly minutes than those with overweight/Class 1-2 obesity (64.3 vs 156.4 min/wk. respectively, P < .01). Among psychosocial variables, only in the physical component scores of health-related quality of life did we find significant group differences – lower physical well-being among women with Class 3 obesity compared to those with overweight/Class 1-2 obesity ( P = .02).

Conclusion

For African American women with Class 3 obesity living in rural setting, these findings suggest behavioral weight loss interventions may need to target physical activity strategies that address physical, psychosocial, and environmental barriers.
Feminist Pedagogies on the Front Lines: Struggling Against a Mine, Struggling Against Patriarchy
Authors: Shirinian Tamar
Published: July 2023

In 2018, residents of the Vayots Dzor region in southern Armenia began occupying the entrance to a gold mine owned by Lydian International, at Amulsar mountain, to halt operation. At the forefront of this struggle were not only local men, but also many women who identified themselves as feminists from the capital city of Yerevan. Although feminism is marginalized as a political praxis and discourse in the country—including within leftist and progressive circles—feminists are on the front lines of various larger political struggles. Through ethnographic research within feminist and environmental struggles in Armenia—in which I was situated as a researcher, friend, and comrade—I found that feminists instructed those within and outside of larger political struggles on the importance of gendered understandings of social, political, and economic relations toward their transformation. This pedagogical work was necessary for their ability to do political work as women within these larger movements. I draw on Paulo Freire’s work on pedagogy to discuss feminist forms of pedagogy as praxis. I call these dialogical pedagogy, political pedagogy of the self, and reproductive pedagogy, and argue that each offers possibilities of feminist praxis within and beyond environmental struggles in a context of feminism’s marginalization.
Transverse thermal properties of commingled hemp and flax thermoplastic tows for biocomposite processing applications
Authors: Joshi Sharmad , Walczyk Daniel , Wasti Amogh , Borca-Tasciuc Theodorian , Tsamis Alexandros
Published: July 2023

There is growing industrial and academic interest in manufacturing of biocomposite parts comprised of natural fibers in a thermoplastic matrix that begin as a commingled, unconsolidated preform. Unfortunately, little thermal property data exists in the literature for simulation/analysis of processes used to make parts (e.g., pultrusion, Automated Fiber Placement (AFP), and compression molding). In this paper, the authors explain how specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity values of both constituent materials and the biocomposite preform are measured in a direction transverse to the fiber length, and how the effect of entrained air is included. Thermal property values for hemp and flax fibers along with polypropylene and polyethylene filaments, measured both individually and combined into apparent values for the preforms, are compared with experimental values. Finally, determination of thermal properties for use in pultrusion simulation is explained as a case study.
Sacralization and the Intergenerational Transmission of Values in Cadbury
Authors: Suddaby Roy , Ng Wilson , Vershinina Natalia , Markman Gideon , Cadbury Matthew
Published: July 2023

How do family values endure decades after an enterprise is no longer a family business? Addressing this question has been a challenge in social theory, and it is an issue of particular concern for family businesses where firm and family values are often indistinguishable. We analyze the transmission of family, organizational, and religious values across generations in Cadbury, a multinational confectionary company founded in England in 1824. We identify sacralization as a central process that explains Cadbury’s success in transferring values across time and different organizational structures. We describe how sacralization is driven by moralization, communion, and syncretism.
Numerical analysis of finite bearing operating under non-Newtonian lubricant and flow turbulence effect
Authors: Soni Sandeep
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the combined influence of turbulence and shear-thinning/shear-thickening lubricant on the steady-state characteristics of hydrodynamic journal bearings. The modified Navier–Stokes equation for linear turbulence and non-Newtonian (shear-thinning as well as shear-thickening aspect) lubricants are solved using a finite element method to acquire load capacity, attitude angle, friction coefficient variable, total oil flow, and temperature rise variable for distinct combined values of the flow behavior index and Reynolds number. This work utilizes the Navier–Stokes equation with Ng–Pan's linear turbulence and shear-thinning/shear-thickening lubricant models, which is very helpful in predicting the performance characteristics of hydrodynamic bearings under harsh industrial operating conditions. The results show that the combined presence of non-Newtonian lubricant and turbulence in the flow significantly affects the steady-state performance parameters of such type of bearing compared to existence of individual presence of turbulence and non-Newtonian lubricant in the clearance space. This work helped to provide better insight into the operation of journal bearings in a severe environment owing to the high speed and changes in the nature of lubricant.
A review on influence of nanoparticle parameters on viscosity of nanofluids and machining performance in minimum quantity lubrication
Authors: Hirudayanathan Hiru P , Debnath Sujan , Anwar Mahmood , Johar Mahzan B , Elumalai Naveen K , Mohammed Iqbal U
Published: July 2023

Researchers have been greatly encouraged to utilize nanofluids as an alternative cutting fluid during machining with minimum quantity lubrication conditions in recent decades due to their desirable qualities such as enhanced wetting and spreading ability, acceptable rheological behavior with varying nanoparticle parameters, and dispersion methods. The thermophysical values of nanofluids considerably impact their heat transfer capability. Viscosity is a crucial thermophysical property that is influenced by several factors. The viscosity of the nanofluid increases with increasing particle concentration and reduces with increasing particle size. Surfactants can aid in the reduction of nanofluid viscosity. Furthermore, the effects of particle type, shape, and dispersion in the base fluid on the viscosity of nanofluids deserve further investigation. Due to a lack of information on nanoparticle parameters and their preparation method, the experiments that utilize them often seem untrustworthy, contradictory, not similar, and not reproducible. As a result, defining the minimum amount of information required to characterize the nanofluid fully is critical to assure its composition and property measurements’ reproducibility. This review focuses on how the viscosity of nanofluids is affected by the base fluid, concentration, and nanoparticle parameters such as size, shape, material, and dispersion mechanism. The influence of viscosity on the machining performance in surface roughness as well as tool wear is also studied. In conclusion, some recommendations have been made for the least amount of information that should be provided on a nanofluid to recreate the same nanofluid across all laboratories.
Exploring the role of point-of-care ultrasound for people with HIV in a resource affluent setting: A prospective observational study
Authors: Huson Mischa , Rokx Casper
Published: July 2023

Background

In low resource settings point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has proven value for the detection of opportunistic diseases in HIV, especially tuberculosis. Few studies have explored POCUS in people with HIV and potential opportunistic infections in resource affluent settings.

Methods

We performed a prospective observational study in the Netherlands. Outpatients newly diagnosed with HIV and a CD4 T-cell count below 350 cells/mm3 and inpatients with HIV on the infectious diseases ward were included. POCUS of chest and abdomen were performed to detect opportunistic diseases and patients were followed for 1 year to register the presence or absence of opportunistic diseases as detected during routine care. Primary outcome was the number of HIV-related and unrelated conditions detected by POCUS and interobserver variation ( ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04246983).

Results

We included 34 patients (79% males, median CD4 T-cell count 115/mm3). Observers had 97.5% agreement (Cohen’s kappa for interobserver reliability 0.75). POCUS examination indicated at least one new opportunistic disease in 11 patients. In all these patients additional investigations confirmed opportunistic disease, predominantly Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, Mycobacterium avium complex infection and lymphoma. In four patients an opportunistic disease was diagnosed in foci inaccessible for POCUS and a normal POCUS correctly excluded opportunistic diseases of the investigated structures in all patients, yielding a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 100%.

Conclusions

POCUS can be a reliable, valuable addition to physical examination of people with HIV and advanced immune suppression. The data support further exploration of POCUS in people with HIV in resource affluent settings.
“I’m not just made for men”: Managing misogyny in online sex work
Authors: Martins Sarah E. , King Teresa K. , Jackson Theresa E. , Ramsey Laura R. , Gomes Nyx , Stutz Clover
Published: July 2023

Online sex work refers to sexual services that are provided via the internet for compensation. Views of sex work range from empowering to oppressive. Various frameworks examine the balance between these extremes, but how these viewpoints operate in online sex work is underexplored. We examined the experiences of female and nonbinary online sex workers, using a feminist lens. Zoom interviews were conducted with 15 participants ranging from 18 to 33 years old. We describe results identified through thematic analysis within two groups—participants’ experiences with misogyny and with managing misogyny. We further identified major themes and subthemes within each. Findings were framed using a micro/macro theoretical framework in which experiences with misogyny were complex and involved both individual and structural consideration. Micro or individual factors such as empowerment, validation, and agency operate under larger macro systems such as misogyny, patriarchy, and capitalism. This study expands on current literature, illuminating how empowerment and oppression operate simultaneously in online sex work.
Registering the Everyday: Documents, Bureaucracy, and the Socio-Legal
Authors: Smith Jess , Keenan Sarah
Published: July 2023

The special section that follows examines registration as a technology of governance regulating the everyday. The introduction illustrates the motivation for the special section, which was an interest in the changing shape of registration over time, as the COVID-19 pandemic saw registration come to the forefront of public life, calling for a re-examination of the ways in which registration produces populations and affects lives. We conclude by outlining the contributions and key themes of the special section.
Exploring the Role of Experiential Learning on Individual Adaptive Competencies
Authors: Waheed Mehreen , Waseem Ansar
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of the experiential learning process in nurturing individual adaptive competencies. Another aim is to understand the process of individual learning and ascertain the role of conceptual learning in the experiential learning process. This research is based on a qualitative research paradigm. It is an exploratory nature of the study. The unit of analysis is the process of experiential learning taking place in the medical discipline. The case study is used as a research methodology to establish an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon (experiential learning process) through subjective perspectives of informants’ lived experiences. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data are analysed through the grounded theory method. It is inferred that experiential learning creates individual adaptive competencies in terms of delivered competencies, strong decision-making abilities, enhance confidence level and problem-solving ability, expert learning, generative competencies, reinforcement of experiences, and professional grooming. These dimensions are validated through the subjective saturated shreds of evidence of informants. This study has importance for both academics and practitioners alike. For academics, it provides a conceptual storyline about how individuals learn based on their experiences then the integration of experiences leads towards experiential learning. For practitioners, it supports how academia and practical learning are integrated to enhance individual learning competencies. Practical exposure of experiences serves as the fundamental tool for learning new knowledge.
Need for Neonatal Resuscitation: Does Maternal COVID-19 Affect It?
Authors: Kumar Surendra , Agrawal Karnika , Bansal Neetika , Rana Suman , Kumar Rakesh , Rawal Manoj
Published: July 2023

Background

Maternal COVID-19 infection acquired during late pregnancy carries a potential risk for adverse neonatal outcomes. There is still a paucity of data on its effect on the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of maternal COVID-19 infection on neonates for the risk and need for resuscitation at birth, Apgar scores at 1- and 5-minutes, and the need of NICU admission during early neonatal period.

Materials and method

In this hospital-based prospective matched cohort study, 100 COVID-positive pregnant women presenting for delivery were enrolled. We also included 100 non-COVID pregnant women after the best possible matching of their major baseline parameters with the study group. Neonates of both groups were followed-up till 7 days of life.

Results

The two groups were comparable for all baseline variables except for the mode of delivery. The requirement of neonatal resuscitation was 30% and 21% in the study and control groups (RR = 1.429; 95% CI 0.88–2.32; p = 0.149). Apgar scores at 1- and 5- minutes were also unaffected by maternal COVID-19 infection with mean scores of 8.8 ± 0.651 vs. 8.87 ± 0.562 (p = 0.42) in the study and control groups, respectively. COVID-exposed neonates had a higher incidence of NICU admission when compared with the unexposed group (RR =1.616; 95% CI 1.002–2.606; p = 0.047). Among neonates born to COVID-positive mothers, 11% demonstrated evidence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity within first 5 days of life. The risk for need of resuscitation and mean Apgar scores were comparable among SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative neonates (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

COVID-19 infection in pregnant women is not associated with an increased risk of neonatal resuscitation.
The relationship of C-reaktif protein level after knee artroplasty with gender difference and type of artroplasty
Authors: Altinayak Harun , Karatekin Yavuz Selim , Balta Orhan
Published: July 2023

Purpose

It was aimed to reveal the relationship between CRP level after knee arthroplasty and gender difference and arthroplasty type.

Methods

Preoperative and postoperative (1st and 7th day, 1st and 3rd months) CRP values of the patients who underwent TKA or UKA were examined. The data were compared by categorizing them into primary male-female, secondary TKA-UKA groups.

Results

967 patients were included in the study (151 male, 685 female in the TKA group and 25 male, 106 female in the UKA group) In the TKA group, the mean age was 67.38 in males and 65.54 in females. In the UKA group, the mean age was 58.72 in males and 57,63 in females. CRP values were found to be statistically significantly lower in females compared to males in the preoperative period, postoperative 1st and 3rd months in patients who underwent TKA ( p < .05). In the UKA group, it was found to be significantly lower in females in the preoperative period and at the postoperative 3rd month, p < .05). When the CRP values and their effect on the course of arthroplasty were evaluated according to the type of arthroplasty, there was no significant difference between the CRP values of the preoperative patients ( p = .686). In addition, in the comparison made on the postoperative 1st day, 1st week, 1st month, and 3rd month, CRP values of the patient who underwent UKA were found to be significantly lower ( p < .05). When analyzed separately by arthroplasty type, postoperative CRP values decreased to normal limits in 96.3% of patients who underwent TKA and 98.5% of patients who underwent UKA in the third month.

Conclusions

Our study showed that the uncomplicated course of CRP after TKA and UKA is gender-specific, and higher CRP values are observed in males than in females. The UKA group exhibited significantly lower postoperative CRP levels than the TKA group.
Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships to Implement and Evaluate Sexual and Relationship Violence Prevention Programs for Boys and Men
Authors: Graham Laurie M. , Lloyd Adrienne M. , McCort Agnieszka D. , Macy Rebecca J. , Moracco Kathryn E. , Reyes H. Luz McNaughton , Martin Sandra L.
Published: July 2023

Although male-focused sexual and relationship violence (SRV) prevention programs are widely promulgated, limited guidance concerning how programs should be implemented for rigorous evaluation exists. To help develop evidence for such guidance, this paper reports on 20 interviews with leaders at youth-serving community-based organizations (CBOs) and educational institutions, which are sites for male-focused SRV prevention programs. This study examined: (1) how programs can be designed to engage male participants; and (2) how youth-serving CBOs and educational institutions can partner with researchers for evaluations. Findings underscore the importance of attending to the unique needs of program participants, their parents/guardians, and host organizations.
Exploring Coping Strategies Among Older Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence During COVID-19
Authors: Safar Christina , Jackson Kimberley T. , Irwin Jennifer D. , Mantler Tara
Published: July 2023

This interpretive description study explored coping among older women in Ontario experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) during COVID-19. Twelve in-depth interviews with older women found age-related normative beliefs played a role in how older women viewed their lives and how they looked beyond their experiences of IPV. Their roles as caretakers and homemakers influenced their response to IPV, and COVID-19 exacerbated feelings of lost time and loneliness. Coping strategies consisted of social support, including telephone formal services and physical activities. Women expressed a lack of appropriate services and financial limitations as barriers. They identified the need for age-appropriate services that acknowledge their unique experiences.
Single center evaluation on the use of conditionally ordered low molecular weight heparins in malignant hematology patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Pun Henry , Pang Ian , Leblanc Kori , Dhillon Patwant , McEwan Cassandra , Patel Priya , Kumar Rajat
Published: July 2023

Background

Cancer and cancer-related treatments are significant independent risk factors for malignant hematology (MH) patients in developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Treatment of VTE in MH patients at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre is predominantly initiated with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in accordance with guidelines. While guidelines recommend against LMWH use in patients with thrombocytopenia, prescribers may order LMWH conditionally based on platelet values. Currently, there is a lack of consistent practice with variation in both the use of conditional orders as well as the threshold of platelet values for conditional orders. The objectives of the study were to (a) describe the use of conditionally ordered LMWH based on platelet values; (b) determine its safety by measuring administration concordance with conditional orders and bleeding event rates during inpatient admission; and (c) determine its efficacy by measuring the rate of worsening VTE or recurrence during inpatient admission.

Methods

Electronic records of MH inpatients admitted between January 2017 and December 2019 and who were administered at least one dose of an LMWH for the treatment of VTE were screened.

Results

One hundred and eight patients were screened to obtain 50 eligible patients with a median age of 59 years (SD = ±18.8 years). The most frequent MH diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (30%). Sixty percent ( n = 30) of patients received conditional orders. Out of 571 administrations, 543 (95%) were administered concordantly ( Χ2(1) = 472, p < 0.0001). In this group of patients, 8 patients had either documented bleeding or experienced a drop in hemoglobin >10 g/L within a 72 h time frame. No patients experienced a recurrent VTE during inpatient treatment (for up to 40 days post-admission).

Conclusions

It appears that conditionally ordered LMWH can be concordantly administered and is safe and effective in the treatment of VTE in MH patients experiencing thrombocytopenia. There were no reports of worsening or new VTE in our small sample.
Enhancing the Responsiveness of Bids in Public Procurement: The Case of Sri Lanka
Authors: Uduwage-Don Nuwantha Lasitha Sampath , Hadiwattage Chandanie , Panuwatwanich Kriengsak
Published: July 2023

Bid Responsiveness in the public procurement process (PPP) is a crucial aspect of public construction projects. A responsive bid materially complies with the form or content requirements of the bidding documents; the responsiveness of a bid is determined during the bid evaluation period. Accepting low-responsive bids can lead to project failures and unexpected adverse consequences. The Public Procurement Systems (PPS) in developed countries frequently used systematic mechanisms to enhance the quality of the PPP which includes enhancing the responsiveness of bids. This study revealed six dominant factors impacting responsiveness and five systematic mechanisms more prominently discussed in the PPS in developed countries to enhance the quality of the PPP. The population of this study consists of procurement specialists in Sri Lankan public construction procurement at the pre-contract stage and among those who have more than 20 years of experience in PPP were considered as the sampling frame. The fuzzy-set theory was used to determine the ranking order of these systematic mechanisms based on their influence to enhance responsiveness by overcoming the impact of dominant factors. Suggestions were made for Sri Lankan PPS to implement these systematic mechanisms.
It’s addiction at this Point”: A qualitative examination of youth E-cigarette use trajectory in the United States
Authors: Fairman Robert T. , Churchill Victoria , Garner Jamani B. , Brown Devon , Massey Zachary B. , Ashley David L. , Popova Lucy
Published: July 2023

E-cigarettes (electronic cigarettes) have been the most used tobacco product among US youth since 2014, reaching a plateau during the COVID-19 pandemic. Youth e-cigarette use is associated with negative health consequences such as impaired cognitive functioning. For many, the COVID-19 pandemic altered social interactions, harm perceptions, and product availability. This changed the frequency and locations in which youth use e-cigarettes. To better understand youth e-cigarette use, we need more information on factors that can alter e-cigarette use, specifically, how the pandemic changed e-cigarette use among youth. In 2020-2021, we conducted online, individual interviews with 19 youth (aged 13-17) e-cigarette users living in the US to explore how COVID-19 impacted their e-cigarette use. Youth described a progression of e-cigarette use from initial experimentation, regular social use, and ultimately to nicotine addiction demonstrated by individual use in isolation. Many youth initiated e-cigarette use due to influences by friends or family members. Youth discussed progression to social use, with social interactions as an important reason for use and an avenue for expanding one’s knowledge of e-cigarettes. After a period of time, youth began to recognize that the social interactions mattered less, suggesting to them that they had become addicted. This realization became more apparent during COVID-19, which changed how youth used e-cigarettes, especially around where use was occurring, health concerns, and use behavior and frequency. In our interviews, youth trajectory began with an initiation with family and friends, progressed to social use, and eventually developed to addiction, at which point social use was no longer the primary motivation for e-cigarette use. Understanding the trajectory of e-cigarette use will allow for effective interventions that reduce harm to youth from e-cigarette use.
Predicting employment deterioration with the Processing Speed Test (PST) and SDMT in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jaworski Michael G , Gillies John K , Youngs Margaret , Wojcik Curtis , Santivasci Celeste , Jakimovski Dejan , Bergsland Niels , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Benedict Ralph HB
Published: July 2023

Background:

Employment deterioration is common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Clinicians often learn of job loss after its occurrence, leaving no opportunity for preventive measures.

Objectives:

Identify which neuropsychological measures discriminate between healthy volunteers (HVs) and employed/disabled PwMS at baseline and predict work deterioration over 2 years.

Methods:

We examined 198 PwMS with computerized tests such as the Processing Speed Test (PST) and conventional tests such as the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), administered at baseline. Employment was assessed via Buffalo Vocational Monitoring Survey. Univariate and regression analyses identified significant predictors of PwMS categorized as work-stable versus work-deteriorated status.

Results:

PwMS were impaired on all baseline assessments relative to HVs ( p’s < 0.001). Post hoc analyses showed that employed PwMS and HVs performed similarly and better than work-disabled PwMS. At the univariate level, both PST and SDMT discriminated between work-deteriorated and work-stable PwMS ( p’s < 0.01). The logistic regression model accounting for all measures retained PST and the computerized Walking Speed Test. PwMS with increased negative work events had lower PST ( p < 0.001), SDMT ( p < 0.001), and BVMT- R ( p < 0.01) scores than stable PwMS. The related regression model retained PST and BVMT- R ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Cognition, as measured by the PST and BVMT-R, are predictive of job deterioration in PwMS and may be a useful screening tool to identify those at high risk of unemployment.
The physical education experiences of pupils with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: An ableism-critical perspective
Authors: Rudd Tania , Hemingway Kirsty , Kirk Benjamin , Maher Anthony
Published: July 2023

There is an ever-growing body of research relating to disabled pupils’ experiences of physical education (PE). However, our research is novel because it draws on an ableism-critical perspective to amplify the voices and centre the PE experiences of pupils with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). We used an online survey to gather quantitative and qualitative data from 100 participants with a diagnosis to explore their perceptions of: (a) the influence of JIA on participation in PE; (b) relationships with same-aged peers and their influence on experiences in PE; (c) relationships with teachers and their influence on experiences in PE; and (d) the appropriateness of the PE curriculum. Microsoft Excel was utilised to analyse quantitative data and produce descriptive statistics that were used to map views and experiences of PE, while qualitative data generated from open questions were analysed thematically. We discuss data in relation to the following themes: (a) pain, fatigue, and fear of injury restricted participation in PE; (b) awareness and (mis)understanding of JIA; (c) the negative judgements of others and peer bullying in PE; and (d) the (in)appropriateness of the PE curriculum. We end this article by emphasising the importance of disrupting ableist ideologies, discourses, and knowledge, particularly as these all relate to (mis)understandings of JIA and negative perceptions about the ability of such pupils in PE, because they are contributing to the marginalisation and ostracisation of pupils with JIA.
Satellite surveillance and the orbital unconscious
Authors: Lyons Siobhan
Published: July 2023

Satellite data are frequently attached to discourses of infallibility, objectivity and omnipresence. Yet the value of satellite data in everyday society largely depends on the strength of our interpretations, interpretations which are easily misled. Satellite images can be fabricated, misread and restricted, yet companies like Google encourage users to see themselves as active agents in a collaborative process of accumulating data, obscuring users’ true relations with satellite technology and giving them a false sense of power and anonymity. In this sense, satellites constitute a new unconscious terrain of perception. For Geert Lovink, we have reached an age where we can ‘read satellites as metaphors, as a new type of technological mirror’ and as ‘an unconscious apparatus’. This article argues that our lack of conscious awareness around the presence, nature and infrastructure of satellites allows them to thrive under the radar as a new species of unconscious surveillance technology.
Bodily integrity and autonomy of the youngest children and consent to their healthcare
Authors: Alderson Priscilla
Published: July 2023

Children's autonomy includes, as far as possible, self-determination, bodily integrity and the right to influence outcomes. Limits to bodily integrity, which involves no touching without the child's consent or tacit agreement, are discussed. The clinical, legal and ethics literature tends to agree that children may give valid consent to major recommended treatment from around 12 years but may not refuse it until they are legal adults. Research shows that young children are more aware of their bodily integrity and autonomy, of morality and decision making, than was assumed in the past. Adults therefore need to inform children and respect their initially instinctive efforts to protect their bodily integrity. Unlike assent, consent involves patients being adequately informed and being able to accept or refuse proposed treatment. Reasons are given for adults’ need to consult with children when determining their best interests. Beyond words, giving or withholding consent also involves emotions of fear, trust and courage, besides embodied reactions of cooperating with treatment or resisting it, in which young children actively engage. Some clinicians work with the informed cooperation of young children who need lifesaving treatment, and at times accept their refusal. Reasons for differences between mainstream experts’ views and clinical practices are considered.
Outcomes and Resource Utilization in Liver Transplant Recipients Who Underwent Expedited Transplant Evaluation
Authors: Lin Emily , Patel Anish , Young Ericka , Gao Yinglin , Peng Jiahao , Woloszyn Jakub , Volk Michael L , Rakoski Mina O.
Published: July 2023

Background

Expedited liver transplant evaluations of critically ill patients can be challenging due to limited time for data gathering and psychosocial evaluation.

Aims

To compare clinical outcomes between expedited and traditional transplant evaluation patients and assess for differences in outpatient resource utilization and staff burden between groups.

Design

Adult liver transplant recipients who underwent transplant from 2015 to 2019 were included. Expedited evaluation was defined as time from initiating transplant evaluation to transplant listing <2 weeks. Primary outcomes included rates of graft rejection, graft failure, and death within 1-year posttransplant. Secondary outcomes included number of acute care visits, office visits, and medical record documentation made by transplant staff within 1-year posttransplant. Outcomes were compared using Cox regression models.

Results

Of the 335 patients included, 92 (27.5%) were expedited and 243 (72.5%) were traditional. Expedited patients were significantly younger, had greater MELD scores, and required more inpatient care and life support at time of transplant. There was no significant difference in risk of graft rejection (HR 1.3, P = .4), graft failure (HR 1.3, P = .6), or mortality (HR 1.0, P = .9) between groups. Expedited transplant was not associated with increased healthcare or staff utilization: acute care visits (rate ratio 0.9, P = .7), office visits (β = −1.05, P = .2), and medical record documentation (β = 3.4, P = 0.4).

Conclusions

Despite being more critically ill, patients requiring expedited transplant evaluation have favorable outcomes after transplant and do not require more intensive staff time and resources compared to traditional candidates.
Real-World Evidence of the Cambridge Hybrid Closed-Loop App With a Novel Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring System
Authors: Newman Christine , Hartnell Sara , Wilinska Malgorzata , Alwan Heba , Hovorka Roman
Published: July 2023

We evaluated the performance of the interoperable Cambridge hybrid closed-loop app with FreeStyle Libre 3 glucose sensor, and YpsoPump insulin pump in a real-world setting. Data from 100 users (63 adults [mean ± SD age 41.9 ± 14.0 years], 15 children [8.6 ± 5.2 years)] and 22 users of unreported age) for a period of 28 days were analyzed. Time in range (3.91- 10.0mmol/L) was 72.6 ± 11.1% overall. Time below range (<3.9mmol/L) was 3.1% (1.4-5.1) (median [interquartile range]). Auto-mode was active for 95.8% (91.8-97.9) of time. This real-world analysis suggests that the performance of Cambridge hybrid closed-loop app with this glucose sensor is comparable to other commercially available hybrid closed-loop systems.
The effects of electronic-based lifestyle interventions on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review
Authors: Seifi Najmeh , Bahari Hossein , Soltani Sanaz , Nikoumanesh Mahya , Hajipoor Mojtaba , Ferns Gordon A. , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid
Published: July 2023

Objective

Lifestyle interventions are increasingly becoming an integrated part of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management. Electronic lifestyle interventions may be able to expand the access and utility of this approach. This study aimed to synthesize the evidence for the effects of electronic-based lifestyle interventions on weight, anthropometric, and liver enzyme measurements in patients with NAFLD.

Methods

Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to February 2023. Clinical trials investigating the effects of electronic lifestyle interventions on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and liver enzymes in NAFLD patients were reviewed. After reviewing full-text articles, seven clinical trials were included in the systematic review.

Results

Two articles included telephone calls, one was based on text messaging, two studies were based on web-based lifestyle modifications, and two used mobile apps. Except for one, all other six studies indicated a significant impact on weight loss. BMI was reported in six of seven studies. Except for one, BMI was significantly reduced in the group receiving e-health. WC was reported in four studies, which indicated a significant reduction in the e-health intervention group. Alanine transaminase (ALT) was reported in all the included studies. Except for two, others demonstrated a significant improvement in ALT in the e-health intervention groups. As reported in four studies, Aspartate transaminase (AST) significantly decreased in the group receiving e-health interventions, except in one study.

Conclusions

The results support applying electronic lifestyle interventions in NAFLD patients to reduce weight, BMI, WC, AST, and ALT.
Improving Domestic Violence Screening and Follow-Up in a Community Health Clinic
Authors: Collins Katherine , Kochuparambil Sebastian Silviya , Franck Gwyneth
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

To implement an improved DV screening and follow-up protocol at a suburban community health clinic that is consistently used by staff with appropriate female patients as well as to assess provider/staff barriers to this.

Methods:

The project was completed at a community health clinic and included 2 presentations: the first to outline current practices as well as the intervention plan at the pre-intervention time point and then to review results of the intervention and elicit feedback post intervention. Provider/staff barrier surveys were completed at both time points. The intervention consisted of completion of the HITS DV screening tool on all appropriate female patients and a system-level algorithm-based follow-up care plan for positive cases.

Results:

Eligible patient screening increased by 3.1% and patients screening positive increased from 0 to 1 from baseline to intervention. Average scores on the barrier surveys improved for all questions and improved significantly for 3 of the questions. The algorithm implemented was utilized for the positive screening.

Conclusions:

Use of a DV screening tool, that has shown good concurrent and construct validity in the literature, a system-level algorithm for follow-up care and addressing provider/staff barriers to screening and follow-up are essential components of a successful DV screening and follow-up program.
Comparison of Outcomes After Arthroscopic Superior Capsule Reconstruction Versus Arthroscopic Partial Repair or Arthroscopic Debridement for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Schanda Jakob E. , Eigenschink Martin , Laky Brenda , Frank Julia K. , Pauzenberger Leo , Anderl Werner , Heuberer Philipp R.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction (SCR), arthroscopic partial repair (PR), and arthroscopic debridement (DB) are valid treatment options for irreparable rotator cuff (RC) tears.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic SCR with arthroscopic PR and arthroscopic DB in patients with irreparable posterosuperior RC tears. It was hypothesized that SCR would lead to superior clinical and functional outcomes compared with PR or DB.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Clinical and functional outcomes of this single-center retrospective study included range of motion, strength, and the age- and sex-adjusted Constant-Murley score. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) involved the quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score, the Subjective Shoulder Value, and the visual analog scale for pain. Graft and repaired tendon integrity was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 12 months of follow-up.

Results:

In total, 57 patients treated with SCR (n = 20), PR (n = 17), and DB (n = 20) were included. The mean clinical follow-up was 33.8 ± 17.9 months. Preoperative clinical and functional characteristics were comparable among the 3 groups. The range of motion and clinical and functional scores of all 3 groups significantly improved from pre- to postoperatively. Postoperative PROMs showed no differences among all 3 study groups. SCR revealed significantly higher postoperative strength compared with PR ( P = .001) and DB ( P = .004). Postoperative MRI revealed a rerupture in 4 patients with SCR (20%). Postoperative MRI showed a rerupture in 9 patients with PR ( 53%). Fatty muscle infiltration of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus significantly progressed within all 3 study groups in postoperative MRI scans. No clinical and functional differences were observed between intact and reruptured PR.

Conclusion:

Patients who underwent SCR had better postoperative strength recovery than patients who underwent PR or DB.
Assessment of Iron–Folate Adherence and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Public Health Facilities of Durame Town, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Abeje Seblework , Yosef Yirgalem , Fikadu Yohannes
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is a significant public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization recommended a daily oral dose of iron and folic acid supplements throughout pregnancy. Poor adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation arises in pregnant women associated with serious adverse health outcomes.

Objective

This study aimed to assess iron–folate adherence and associated factors among pregnant women in public health facilities of Durame town, Southern Ethiopia, in 2022.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1–30, 2022. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to interview a total sample size of 317 participants. Logistic regression analysis was computed, and variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were selected for multivariable logistic regression analysis. Finally, significance was declared at p < .05 with 95%CI.

Results

The findings of this study showed that adherence to iron–folate among pregnant women was 180 (60%) (95%CI: 54–65.7). The odds of iron–folate adherence among women who had not had anemia in their current pregnancy were 63% (AOR = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.14–0.99) less likely to have adherence, and the odds of iron–folate adherence among women who had not heard about the disease anemia were 58% (AOR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.22–0.81) less likely to have adherence.

Conclusion

Iron–folate adherence in Durame public health facilities was better compared to other studies even if it was not high enough to prevent anemia and folate deficiency. Women who had not had anemia in their current pregnancy and women who had not heard about the disease anemia were significantly associated with adherence to iron–folate. Thus, healthcare providers should provide health education on the enhancement of adherence to iron–folate utilization and the means how to prevent iron–folate deficiency during their clients’ pregnancy.
Access to Justice for Victims of Crime in India: An Analysis of Section 372 CrPC
Authors: Shekhar Beulah , Ranjani R.
Published: July 2023

This article focuses on the right of victims to invoke Section 372 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. In India, over the past decade or so, concerns about victims of crime have increased significantly and the need for victims to participate in criminal proceedings has practically been built into the legal framework. Perhaps, the judicial process lacks in assisting the victims in a trial. This article focuses on cases where the victim appeals against an acquittal or for lesser offences or imposes inadequate compensation. Notwithstanding an appeal, this proceeding can also be dismissed for several reasons. While this paper builds the rationality behind invoking this section, it also looks into the extent to which this section could provide justice to the victims. This goes in line with the UN Declaration of basic principles such as access to justice and fair treatment, restitution, compensation and victim assistance. The absence of a definition of appeal in the statutory law and provisions for victims’ right to appeal delimits the scope of enhancement of sentence for the accused which is a right reserved only to the State. Moreover, this article helps researchers deepen their research on the perspective of victimology and the need for victim service providers to uphold victim justice.