bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algoritmos e desinformação: automação da checagem na América Latina
Authors: Alencar Marta , Aquino Maria Clara
Published: January 2023

A circulação das fake news nas plataformas digitais ganha cada vez mais notoriedade pela influência dos bots. Nesse cenário, projetos de fact-checking como a Lupa, Aos Fatos e a Chequeado, atuam com automação da verificação para combater com maior agilidade e em tempo hábil, o mercado das informações falsas. Para tanto, a pesquisa aplica uma metodologia com abordagens tanto teóricas quanto empíricas a partir de um estudo de casos múltiplos, onde analisa os produtos automatizados das agências, citando também os laboratórios de tecnologia criados pela Lupa, Aos Fatos e Chequeado, para inovação de seus serviços. Portanto, o presente artigo aborda o processo de automação da verificação jornalística, implementada pelas agências de fact-checking na América Latina.
Ciência, futuro e afeto: formas de legitimar o discurso
Authors: Bozz Augusto , De Aquino Gomes Suely Henrique
Published: January 2023

Este trabalho sobre comunicação de ciência, de natureza puramente teórica e reflexiva, se propõe a analisar os modos pelos quais “os futuros” tornam-se inteligíveis, praticáveis e governáveis hoje e como isso permite estratégias de desinformação. A partir do resgate histórico de noções que servem para tornar o “futuro” inteligível, argumenta-se que a relação entre ciência, comunicação e mercado favoreceu o declínio do cientista como autoridade explicativa sobre os fenômenos do mundo, primando, com isso, a concorrência de ideias em que a ciência é apenas um dos modelos explicativos. Argumenta-se também que os regimes afetivos penetraram na ciência nos últimos anos e que essa mesma lógica tem sustentado esquemas e modelos de desinformação. A indeterminação do futuro, pensado como ameaça, serve tanto à ciência quanto às formas de descredenciá-la.
Analysis of CD31 expression and vascular parameters in human placentas from pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Ljubojević Vesna , Jovičić Sanja , Draganović Dragica , Amidžić Ljiljana , Vatreš Biljana , Vojinović Nataša
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Placental dysfunction is underlying cause in most of the intrauterine growth restriction and the pregnancy complications where the fetus does not achieve its genetically determined potential for growth. The critical process for the development of the placenta is angiogenesis. CD31 is an important endothelial adhesion protein that enables angiogenesis. The study aimed to analyze the CD31 expression and vascular parameters in normal placentas and IUGR placentas. 

Methods. Thirty placental samples, fifteen IUGR placentas, and fifteen term normal placental samples were analyzed. The hematoxylin-eosin method and immunohistochemical method with anti CD31 antibody were used for the staining of the tissue sections. The analyzed vascular parameters were: capillary number density (CND), capillary area density (CAD), and capillary surface density (CSD). 

Results. Between normal placentas and IUGR placentas there was no determined difference in CD31 expression. Positive intensive staining of CD31 was found in the endothelium of all blood vessels and no staining was observed in cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells. In IUGR placentas, CND of 2.55 capillary/1000 µm2 villous area was significantly decreased compared to normal placentas of 3.49 capillary/1000 µm2 villous area. CAD in IUGR placentas of 30.49 % was significantly decreased compared to normal placentas of 52.80 % villous area. CSD in IUGR placentas (92.81 µm/1000µm2) was significantly reduced compared to CSD in normal placentas (145.51 µm/1000µm2). 

Conclusion. The localization and intensity of CD31 expression were not different between the IUGR and normal placentas. Histological vascular parameters of placental villi are decreased in the IUGR placenta. In case of intrauterine growth restriction, there is a reduced vascularization of the terminal villi of the placenta.
André Gunder Frank: «Unidad en la Diversidad» del Desarrollo del Subdesarrollo al Sistema Mundo
Authors: Kay Cristóbal
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this article is to critically review the work of Andre Gunder Frank. This is no easy task given the prolific and controversial nature of his life work. His main distinction is as a paradigm breaker and a paradigm maker. Frank is one of the founders of contemporary World system theory. He coined some memorable expressions such as the ‘development of underdevelopment’ and ‘Re-Orient’. Indeed, these two concepts highlight two distinct phases in his work. His first phase is characterised by his writings on dependency theory and his initial understanding of world system theory broadly in line with Amin, Arrighi and Wallerstein. His second phase is distinguished by what he considers to be the ‘Eurocentric’ interpretation of world system theory of Wallerstein and others as well as by his critique of his own earlier work. While some of Frank’s analyses and assertions proved to be wrong, he provided much inspiration to a new generation of scholars and activists, some of whom provided the necessary empirical evidence and theoretical rigour lacking in parts of Frank’s work. But he excelled in his mission of providing the big picture, asking the unimaginable questions and exploring hitherto inconceivable interrelationships.

El propósito de este artículo es realizar una revisión crítica de la obra de André Gunder Frank. Esta no es una tarea fácil dada la prolífica y controvertida naturaleza de su producción científica. Gunder Frank fue tanto un creador de paradigmas como un rompedor. Es uno de los fundadores intelectuales de la teoría contemporánea del Sistema Mundo. A él se deben algunas expresiones memorables tales como “desarrollo del subdesarrollo” y “Re-Oriente”. De hecho, estos dos conceptos suponen dos fases diferenciadas de su trayectoria intelectual. Una primera fase está caracterizada por sus trabajos sobre la teoría de la dependencia y sus primeras aproximaciones para entender la teoría del sistema mundo en líneas generales con los planteamientos de Samir Amin, Giovanni Arrighi e Immanuel Wallerstein. Una segunda fase se distingue por lo que Frank considera la interpretación “eurocéntrica” de la teoría del sistema mundo de Wallerstein, aunque no exclusivamente, así como por una autocrítica de sus trabajos precedentes. Mientras algunos de los análisis y afirmaciones de Frank han demostrado ser incorrectas, sus obras han sido una inspiración para toda una nueva generación de académicos, intelectuales y activistas, algunos de los cuales proporcionaron la evidencia empírica necesaria y el rigor teórico de las que carecía algunas partes del trabajo de Gunder Frank. Sin duda este pensador destacó por ofrecer amplias perspectivas estructurales, formular preguntas inimaginables, y explorar interrelaciones hasta ahora inconcebibles.
Systemic metamorphosis in the 21st century
Authors: García Martínez José María
Published: January 2023

On 21st century, capitalist development process is going through important economic, political, social and cultural transformation. On this paper I try to contribute with a brief synthesis of some relevant factors related with these political transformations, analyzing the new political battlefield between a nationalism faced against globalization and 21st century progressivism, reflecting on the role of traditional left and socialist movements on the public space of politics opened by the new conditions of contemporary globalization and the harmful consequences of the neoliberal policy spread throughout the world since the last years of 20st century.

En el siglo XXI, el proceso de desarrollo capitalista está atravesando por importantes transformaciones económicas, políticas, sociales y culturales. En el presente artículo se realiza una breve síntesis de algunos factores relevantes relacionados con estas transformaciones políticas, analizando el nuevo campo de batalla político entre el nacionalismo enfrentado a la globalización y la corriente política progresista surgida en el siglo XXI, reflexionando sobre el papel que juegan los tradicionales movimientos socialistas y de izquierda en el espacio público de la política abierto por las nuevas condiciones de la globalización contemporánea y las severas consecuencias de la política neoliberal extendida por todo el mundo desde finales del siglo XX.
Teachers’ perspectives on communication in the context of supervising learners during telehealth encounters
Authors: Skelly Kelly , Thompson Joshua A. , Chu Kristin , Carlin Caroline , Fong Sherri , Power David , Rosenbaum Marcy
Published: January 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased use of telehealth for healthcare visits. Telehealth visits have created new communication challenges for clinician-patient encounters and for interactions between health professional learners and clinical teachers, known as preceptors. Little research has explored how teachers can effectively supervise and explicitly emphasize communication skills during telehealth visits. Aim: This study’s purpose was to explore clinical preceptors’ perspectives on effective approaches in precepting telehealth visits with medical residents and students. Methods: An online survey elicited comments from clinical preceptors from two United States medical schools on effective telehealth teaching practices. Thematic analysis identified salient perspectives and overall guidance on precepting telehealth encounters. Results: Survey participants reported varying levels of experience with precepting telehealth visits. Main areas identified as important for effectively supervising telehealth encounters and facilitating effective communication included explicit preparation for preceptors, learners and patients and using educational opportunities, especially observation, during the telehealth encounter. Discussion: This study identifies strategies for maximizing effective communication between preceptors, learners, and patients during supervised telehealth visits. Participants identified potential educational advantages of supervising telehealth visits. Conclusions: Clinical teachers can reinforce effective telehealth communication skills with learner led telehealth patient encounters.
Powiatowy (miejski) rzecznik konsumentów jako organ administracji publicznej. Glosa do postanowienia Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 12 listopada 2019 r., I OSK 2617/19
Authors:   Wydział Ekonomiczno-Socjologiczny Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Mlostoń-Olszewska Anna
Published: January 2023

Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny (dalej: NSA) postanowieniem z 12 listopada 2019 r., I OSK 2617/191 oddalił skargę kasacyjną od postanowienia Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Łodzi (dalej: WSA) z 28 czerwca 2019 r., III SAB/Łd 18/192 w przedmiocie odrzucenia skargi na bezczynność powiatowego rzecznika konsumentów. Motywem rozstrzygnięcia było stwierdzenie, że powiatowy rzecznik konsumentów nie jest organem administracji, gdyż nie prowadzi postępowań administracyjnych i nie podejmuje działań władczych, tym samym pismom rzecznika odmawiającym wszczęcia postępowania nie można przypisać cech aktów lub czynności, które podlegają kontroli sądów administracyjnych. W niniejszej glosie częściowo krytycznie odniesiono się do zaprezentowanego przez sąd stanowiska w przedmiocie statusu prawnego rzecznika konsumentów, wykazując, że jakkolwiek sąd trafnie uznał, że co do zasady rzecznik konsumentów nie podejmuje działań władczych i jego działania nie podlegają kontroli sądów administracyjnych, to jednakże istnieje szereg argumentów przemawiających za przypisaniem mu zarówno statusu organu administracji – organu powiatu, jak i organu ochrony prawnej.
Nadużycie pozycji dominującej poprzez naruszenie ochrony danych osobowych na przykładzie sprawy Bundeskartellamt vs Facebook
Authors: Komorowska Paulina
Published: January 2023

Przenikanie się reżimów prawa konkurencji i ochrony danych w gospodarce cyfrowej staje się coraz bardziej wyraźne. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest omówieniu jednego z zagadnień z tym związanych, tj. nadużyciu pozycji dominującej poprzez naruszenie prywatności na przykładzie sprawy Facebook, wszczętej przez niemiecki organ ochrony konkurencji (Bundeskartellamt). W artykule przedstawione są główne argumenty podnoszone przez Bundeskartellamt oraz sądy w postępowaniu, nierzadko prezentujące przeciwstawne stanowiska. W tekście szczególną uwagę poświęcono kwestii eksploatacyjnego charakteru praktyki, w tym przekazywaniu danych osobowych jako formy „zapłaty” za korzystanie z usług, oraz kwestii stosowania przepisów Ogólnego Rozporządzenia o Ochronie Danych Osobowych (RODO) przez organy ochrony konkurencji.
Public engagement as rhetoric, persuasion as practice
Authors: Peters Hans Peter
Published: January 2023

More than two decades ago the Public Engagement with Science and Technology (PEST) paradigm gained influence in the field of science communication, marked by the publication of the third report of the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology in the year 2000. The approach advocated in the report went beyond the traditional Public Understanding of Science (PUS) paradigm that had focused on sharing scientific knowledge with broader publics via top-down dissemination. It assigned citizens a more active and powerful role vis a vis science, emphasized the need for participatory discourses aiming at a shared understanding with non-scientific publics, and acknowledged both citizens’ democratic rights regarding science-related decisions and their potential constructive contributions in the creation of socially relevant knowledge.
Radionuclide contamination and nutritional evaluation of the wheat mostly used in the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Angeleska Aleksandra , Crceva Nikolovska Radmila , Dimitrieska Stojkovik Elizabeta , Hajrulai Musliu Zehra , Dimzoska Stojanovska Biljana , Angelovska Ana
Published: January 2023

Wheat is one of the world’s most commonly consumed cereal grains. It originates from a type of grass (Triticum) that is grown in countless varieties worldwide. Bread wheat or common wheat is a primary species. Several other closely related species include durum, spelt, emmer, einkorn, and Khorasan wheat. In addition to being a major source of starch and energy, wheat also provides substantial amounts of a number of components which are essential or beneficial for health, notably proteins, vitamins (notably B vitamins), dietary fibres, and phytochemicals. Wheat is a basic food product of Macedonian population. This study is mainly focused on measuring the concentration of radioactivity due to natural radioactive nuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) in wheat grain samples, as well as on determining the quality of wheat used in daily diet. In addition, in this study we calculated radiation hazard indices (radium equivalent activity and internal hazard index) in the wheat sample. Average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the wheat samples were 0.57±0.14; 0.39±0.11; 96.55±0.86 (Bq·kg-1), respectively. The radiation hazard indices were calculated for all samples in this study where mean values ​​did not exceed safety limits, pointing out to negligible radiation hazard arising from terrestrial radionuclides that are naturally present in wheat. In terms of quality, we confirmed that all tested samples meet the requirements regarding quality in accordance with the laws in our country.
Reserva contráctil por fracción de eyección sola, o con elastancia. ¿Cuál es el mejor predictor de eventos luego de un Eco Estrés sin isquemia?
Authors: Lowenstein Haber Diego M. , Arbucci Rosina , Merlo Pablo , Martínez Liliana , Gastaldello Natalio , Saad Ariel K. , Zambrana Gustavo F. , Lowenstein Jorge A.
Published: January 2023

Introducción: El comportamiento de la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) durante el ejercicio se utiliza para medir la reserva contráctil (RC). La RC medida por elastancia podría tener mayor valor pronóstico. Objetivo: Establecer si la medición de la RC por elastancia añade valor pronóstico a largo plazo en relación al comportamiento aislado de la FEVI en pacientes con un Eco Estrés sin isquemia miocárdica. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, realizado en 904 pacientes con Eco Estrés con ejercicio sin isquemia. Se valoró la RC por FEVI y por elastancia. Se dividieron en 2 grupos: Grupo 1: RC por FEVI presente (a su vez este grupo se dividió en 2 subgrupos: Grupo 1 A, RC con elastancia presente y Grupo 1B: ausencia de RC por elastancia), y Grupo 2: pacientes con ausencia de RC por FEVI. El seguimiento fue de 17,7 ± 5,4 meses. Se consideraron como eventos: muerte, infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y/o internación de causa cardiovascular. Resultados: Del total del Grupo 1 (536 pacientes), 200 (37,3%) se incluyeron en el Grupo 1A y 336 (62,7%) en el Grupo 1B. En el Grupo 2, se incluyeron 368 pacientes. En el seguimiento, los pacientes del Grupo 2 tuvieron más eventos, 30 (8,1%) vs. 22 (2,6%) (HR 3,14, IC95% 1,95-5,9, log rank test p<0,001). Dentro del G1, los pacientes del Grupo 1B presentaron más eventos: 18 (5,3%) vs 4 eventos (2%) (HR 2,46 IC95% 1,06-7,3, log rank test p<0,05). En el modelo de regresión, la elastancia fue la única variable predictora de eventos (HR 3,2, IC95% 1,83-5,6, p<0,001). Conclusiones: En el Eco Estrés ejercicio negativo para isquemia, el comportamiento de la RC evaluada por elastancia permitió identificar un subgrupo de peor pronóstico a largo plazo en pacientes con comportamiento normal de la FEVI.
Follow-up of Specialist in Cardiology Graduates at University of Buenos Aires. Cosme Argerich Hospital Experience
Authors: Kazelián Lucía R. , Bono Leandro A. , Tolusso Mariela , Cestari Horacio G. , Blanco Rodrigo I. , Gagliardi Juan A.
Published: January 2023

Background: Follow-up of graduates in a career is an indicator of educational quality, and their professional and academic work allows evaluating the results of long-term instituted programs Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the perception of graduates from the postgraduate specialist course (PSC) in cardiology at University of Buenos Aires (UBA) Hospital Argerich venue on the quality of training received, how they insert in the professional world, and their engagement in subspecialties. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from January 1 to 31, 2020. A self-administered opinion survey was designed using surveymonkey.com and submitted to 28 graduates of the PSC in cardiology UBA-Hospital Argerich, corresponding to 7 consecutive promotions (2010-2016 years of admission). Results: The survey was answered by 25 graduates (89.2%). Mean age was 34 years and 14 (56%) were men. The questions explored the global assessment, the evaluation of the scientific and academic activity at the hospital venue as well as that of the Argentine Society of Cardiology Biennial Course of Cardiology. Most of the answers were favorable. All the graduates continue practicing the profession and 76% have received advanced training in a subspecialty. Conclusions: Graduates from the PSC in cardiology at Hospital Argerich perceive that their training has been very good or excellent and has been essential for their professional development. All the data collected are a source of information to provide feedback and optimize teaching in the training institution.
Plant Medicine Healing! Discovering the Roots of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Mental Health
Authors: Hernandez Jennings
Published: January 2023

Roughly over 700 million individuals suffer from a mental illness globally. In the United States alone, over 45 million individuals are afflicted with a mental disorder at any given point in their lives.  It is because of this that new methods of current therapies should be considered.  To date, major depression disorder (MAD), anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). While current treatment shows some effectiveness, there are many negative and unfavorable side effects in addition to effectiveness being short in duration.  Currently, researchers have discovered the substantial benefits of utilizing psychedelic drugs under a controlled environment. Research has demonstrated favorable outcomes in the use of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) to treat many of these mental health disorders.  PAP is the supervised use of psychedelic drugs such as MDMA, psilocybin, LSD, and Ketamine by psychiatrists to patients as part of psychotherapy.  Under supervision, patients ingest a psychedelic drug consisting as part of the psychotherapeutic process. Combined with talk therapy, patients are observed for a therapeutic reaction. The three mental disorders that will be highlighted in this paper include MAD, anxiety, and PTSD. The psychedelic drugs featured in this paper include psilocybin, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), ayahuasca, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Naturalistic psychedelic use demonstrates to have astounding and fast results in mental health disorders.  A cross-sectional online survey-based study conducted confirms these findings in a cohort of psychedelic users with mental health disorders. The goal of this study is to shed light on the new and alternative treatment modalities to treat mental health illnesses.  Psychedelics are the new promise to the field of psychiatry and that spark of promise falls under the umbrella of psychedelic drugs.  Psychedelics serve as new tools for curtailing psychotherapy.
Policy Review: Academic Cheating in Online Examinations during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lee Tsorng-Yeh , Aslam Irfan
Published: January 2023

With the liberalization policies towards the COVID-19 pandemic in various countries, in-person teaching is the mainstream currently. Many countries are more open to their border and quarantine/isolation requirements; however, this does not mean the contagious virus is gone. Various variants are still a threat to people’s health. Online teaching has its essential to students.

Our observation was based on the almost three-year pandemic experience towards the widely used online teaching, especially on academic cheating behaviors during examinations. We found that the online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic facilitated students to obtain high scores through improper cheating in online examinations.

Academic faculty faces a big challenge when they try to use new technologies to protect the integrity of online exams because students can develop new strategies for cheating. They not only surf the internet to find the correct answers but also get help from peers and experts. Cheating prevents students from gaining essential skills and knowledge. It is unfair to honest students who spend time and effort studying course materials. In this article, we explored the common ways of cheating on online exams. We also provided recommendations to prevent academic misconduct in the digital environment.
Early ecclesiastical sites in Scotland: a field survey, Part II
Authors: MacDonald A D S , Laing Lloyd R
Published: February 2023

Literary and archaeological evidence is collected together for 30 early ecclesiastical sites in Scotland north of Tay. A Pictish symbol stone from Navidale (Sutherland), a fragmentary cross-shaft from Kirkmuirhill (Lanarkshire) and a cross-slab from Dull (Perthshire) are described and discussed.
Changes in Pregnancy-Associated Deaths in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020
Authors: Margerison Claire E. , Wang Xueshi , Gemmill Alison , Goldman-Mellor Sidra
Published: February 2023

This cross-sectional study assesses changes in pregnancy-associated mortality from drug overdose, homicide, suicide, and other causes in the US from 2018 through 2020.
Effectiveness and Persistence in SB4‐ and Reference Etanercept–Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Ordinary Clinical Practice in Norway
Authors: Haugeberg Glenn , Bakland Gunnstein , Rødevand Erik , Hansen Inger Johanne Widding , Diamantopoulos Andreas , Pripp Are Hugo
Published: February 2023

Objective

Biosimilars represent cost‐effective alternatives to reference biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. Our objective was to compare drug effectiveness and drug persistence in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), assessing the etanercept biosimilar SB4 in efficacy and safety compared with reference etanercept in a Phase III, randomized controlled trial. We applied EULAR Points to Consider for Comparative Effectiveness Research in a retrospective database study of etanercept and SB4 in patients treated in clinical practice in Norway.

Methods

Patients with RA (n = 1,455) treated with etanercept or SB4 between 2010 and 2018 at 5 centers in Norway with ≥1 year of follow‐up were included. Disease outcomes (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28] at week 52) and drug persistence were compared between unmatched etanercept (n = 575) and SB4 (n = 299) cohorts and matched analyses (n = 172, both cohorts) using propensity score (PS) matching to adjust for confounders.

Results

In unmatched analyses, the difference in change from baseline between etanercept (n = 221) and SB4 (n = 106) for DAS28 at week 52 was mean –0.02 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] –0.32, 0.27), demonstrating equivalence by the predetermined equivalence margin (±0.6). In PS‐matched analyses, the difference between etanercept (n = 49) and SB4 (n = 49) was 0.03 (95% CI –0.46, 0.52), within the predefined equivalence margin. Persistence using the drug at week 52 was similar between etanercept (0.62 [95% CI 0.57, 0.65]) and SB4 (0.66 [95% CI 0.60, 0.71]) cohorts in the unmatched analysis; in PS‐matched cohorts, persistence at week 52 was 0.52 (95% CI 0.44, 0.59) for etanercept and 0.68 (95% CI 0.61, 0.75) for SB4.

Conclusion

Outcomes for disease status/drug persistence at week 52 were similar between patients with RA treated with etanercept or SB4.
Latest Advances in Manufacturing and Machine Learning of Bulk Metallic Glasses
Authors: Graeve Olivia A. , García-Vázquez Mireya S. , Ramírez-Acosta Alejandro A. , Cadieux Zachary
Published: February 2023

In this review, two interrelated areas are focused on for the development of novel amorphous metallic alloys, namely, materials processing and machine learning techniques for the design of new alloy compositions. Findings, barriers, and opportunities are described, targeting powder production and sintering, additive manufacturing, and postprocessing techniques, followed by the latest developments in artificial intelligence algorithms for both the design of new alloys and for alloy classification tasks.
Vesicular Antibodies: Shedding Light on Antibody Therapeutics with Cell Membrane Nanotechnology
Authors: Zhao Chenchen , Pan Yuanwei , Yu Guocan , Zhao Xing‐Zhong , Chen Xiaoyuan , Rao Lang
Published: February 2023

The high stability of antibodies and their ability to precisely bind to antigens and endogenous immune receptors, as well as their susceptibility to protein engineering, enable antibody‐based therapeutics to be widely applied in cancer, inflammation, infection, and other disorders. Nevertheless, the application of traditional antibody‐based therapeutics has certain limitations, such as high price, limited permeability, and protein engineering complexity. Recent breakthroughs in cell membrane nanotechnology have deepened the understanding of the critical role of membrane protein receptors in disease treatment, enabling vesicular‐antibody‐based therapeutics. Here, the concept of vesicular antibodies that are obtained by modifying target antibodies onto cell membranes for biomedical applications is proposed. Given that an antibody is basically a protein, as an extension of this concept, vesicles or membrane‐coated nanoparticles that use surface antibodies and protein receptors on cell membranes for biomedical applications as vesicular antibodies are defined. Furthermore, several engineering strategies for vesicular antibodies are summarized and how vesicular antibodies can be used in a variety of situations is highlighted. In addition, current challenges and future prospects of vesicular antibodies are also discussed. It is anticipated this perspective will provide new insights on the development of next‐generation antibodies for enhanced therapeutics.
An Efficient High‐Entropy Perovskite‐Type Air Electrode for Reversible Oxygen Reduction and Water Splitting in Protonic Ceramic Cells
Authors: He Fan , Zhou Yucun , Hu Tong , Xu Yangsen , Hou Mingyang , Zhu Feng , Liu Dongliang , Zhang Hua , Xu Kang , Liu Meilin , Chen Yu
Published: February 2023

Reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (R‐PCECs) are emerging as ideal devices for highly efficient energy conversion (generating electricity) and storage (producing H2) at intermediate temperatures (400–700 °C). However, their commercialization is largely hindered by the development of highly efficient air electrodes for oxygen reduction and water‐splitting reactions. Here, the findings in the design of a highly active and durable air electrode are reported: high‐entropy Pr0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2La0.2Ca0.2CoO3−δ (HE‐PBSLCC), which exhibits impressive activity and stability for oxygen reduction and water‐splitting reactions, as confirmed by electrochemical characterizations and structural analysis. When used as an air electrode of R‐PCEC, the HE‐PBSLCC achieves encouraging performances in dual modes of fuel cells (FCs) and electrolysis cells (ECs) at 650 °C, demonstrating a maximum power density of 1.51 W cm−2 in FC mode, and a current density of −2.68 A cm−2 at 1.3 V in EC mode. Furthermore, the cells display good operational durabilities in FC and EC modes for over 270 and 500 h, respectively, and promising cycling durability for 70 h with reasonable Faradaic efficiencies. This study offers an effective strategy for the design of active and durable air electrodes for efficient oxygen reduction and water splitting.
Chemiresistive Polymer Percolation Network Gas Sensor Created with a Nanosphere Template
Authors: Li Weishuo , Lefferts Merel J. , Wang Yu , Lister Abigail M. , Forssberg Axel , Chen Runze , Wang Liren , Castell Martin R.
Published: February 2023

The sensitivity and limits of detection (LOD) of chemiresistive gas sensors can often be improved by increasing the surface area of the sensing material that interacts with the analyte. This process is referred to as nanostructuring. Nanostructured polypyrrole (PPy) chemiresistive sensors for ammonia detection were created with the aid of a nanosphere template. Polystyrene nanospheres are deposited to form a template between interdigitated electrodes, and chronoamperometry is then used to grow PPy between the electrodes within the gaps of the nanospheres. The PPy growth is controlled to create electrical percolation networks. After removal of the nanospheres by dissolving them, the percolation behavior and sensing response of the nanostructured PPy sensors are investigated. The nanostructured percolation sensors show higher sensitivity and lower LOD to ammonia than percolation networks prepared without nanosphere templates. An optimal nanostructured ammonia percolation sensor with a chemiresistive sensitivity of 2.59 ± 0.20% ppm−1 and a LOD of 71 ± 6 ppb is obtained.
Reversible Electrochromic Pattern in 3D Photonic Crystals Film from Thiol‐Acrylate‐Based Polymer‐Stabilized Blue Phase Liquid Crystals
Authors: Wang Meng , Song He , Li Xiaosong , Li Zhaozhong , Li Hui , Sun Jian , Hu Wei , Yang Huai
Published: February 2023

Endowing advanced 3D photonic nanoarchitectures with dynamic controllability is currently in the spotlight of soft‐matter photonics research. Herein, a well‐defined photopatterned polymer‐stabilized blue phase (PSBP) film with 3D electrically tunable photonic bandgap is fabricated by a liquid crystalline thiol–acrylate monomers system. Remarkably, the addition of thiol monomers can effectively improve the electrical tuning performance of the PSBP film and maintain excellent thermal stability simultaneously. The proportions of acrylate and thiol monomers are proved to be a key factor on the morphology structure of the polymer network in the PSBP system. By masked UV photopolymerization, a patterned sample with a high‐quality image and reversible nonsynergistic electrochromism is obtained. With increasing electric field, the patterned region changes from initial green reflection color to a red one, while no obvious visual color change occurs for the shading region with initial blue reflection color. The distinct electrically responsive behaviors are mainly caused by the microstructural difference of polymer networks, which is engendered by the migration of polymerizable monomers during polymerization. The research disclosed herein may provide new insights into the development of patterned 3D self‐assembled liquid crystalline photonic crystal toward anticounterfeiting, displays, colorimetric sensors, labeling technology, and programming photonics.
Study on the reaction mechanism of SO2 hydrogenation over Mo‐based catalyst
Authors: Su Ran , Wang Xiaosheng , Li Ranjia , Yu Changchun , Zhou Hongjun , Liu Aihua , Liu Jianli
Published: February 2023

Mo‐based catalysts are widely used for the SO2 hydrogenation process. However, the detailed reaction mechanism is still unclear and some details should be further supplemented. In this article, the SO2 hydrogenation processes over the Mo‐based catalyst were systematically studied. Several technologies including temperature‐programmed experiments, isotope‐tracing experiment, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and switching experiment were adopted to investigate the reaction steps. The results indicated that during the SO2 hydrogenation process there were three reaction processes containing six steps: First SO2 would adsorb on the active sites, which could start at relatively low temperature. Then the adsorbed SO2 would react with H2 and gradually form elemental sulfur that could be strongly anchored with S atoms of the MoS2 surface. Afterward, the sulfur further reacted with H2 to generate H2S. Alongside with the consumption of S atoms, the sulfur would be reduced and the active sites was recovered, thus starting the next reaction cycle.
Surgical placement of implantable cardiac loop recorders in great apes
Authors: Kutinsky Ilana , Duncan Ann , Danforth Marietta D. , Murray Suzan , Napier Julie , McCain Stephanie , Murphy Hayley W.
Published: February 2023

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in zoologically managed adult great apes, accounting for 29%−77% of adult deaths in the North American population depending on the species. In an effort to better understand the underlying causes of heart disease, implantable loop recorders (ILRs) have been used in some cases to monitor great apes with suspected or known cases of arrhythmia. This is a 10‐year review of the Great Ape Heart Project's experience of implanting 21 ILRs in 7 gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla; 9 total ILR devices), 5 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes, 11 total ILR devices), and 1 orangutan (Pongo abelii, 1 ILR device) in an effort to develop effective methods for surgical implantation and remote collection of the data for analysis.
Evaluating interpersonal discrimination and depressive symptoms as partial mediators of the effects of education on cognition: Evidence from the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR)
Authors: Cintron Dakota W. , Calmasini Camilla , Barnes Lisa L. , Mungas Dan M. , Whitmer Rachel A. , Eng Chloe W. , Gilsanz Paola , George Kristen M. , Peterson Rachel L. , Glymour M. Maria
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Education is correlated with positive health outcomes, but associations are sometimes weaker among African Americans. The extent to which exposure to discrimination and depressive symptoms attenuates the education‐cognition link has not been investigated.

Methods

Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR) participants (n = 764; average age 69 years) completed the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales. We assessed everyday and major lifetime discrimination and depressive symptoms as mediators of education effects on cognition using G‐estimation with measurement error corrections.

Results

Education was correlated with greater major lifetime and everyday discrimination but lower depressive symptoms. Accounting for discrimination and depressive symptoms slightly reduced the estimated effect of education on cognition. The estimated total effect of graduate education (vs <Bachelor's) was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62, 0.68), and the direct effect not mediated by discrimination or depressive symptoms was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.76).

Discussion

Education has robust effects on later‐life cognition after controlling multiple mediating pathways and offsetting mechanisms.
Xanthene‐Based Nitric Oxide‐Responsive Nanosensor for Photoacoustic Imaging in the SWIR Window
Authors: Rathnamalala Chathuranga S. L. , Hernandez Selena , Lucero Melissa Y. , Swartchick Chelsea B. , Kalam Shaik Abdul , Hammer Nathan I. , East Amanda K. , Gwaltney Steven R. , Chan Jefferson , Scott Colleen N.
Published: February 2023

Shortwave infrared (SWIR) dyes are characterized by their ability to absorb light from 900 to 1400 nm, which is ideal for deep tissue imaging owing to minimized light scattering and interference from endogenous pigments. An approach to access such molecules is to tune the photophysical properties of known near‐infrared dyes. Herein, we report the development of a series of easily accessible (three steps) SWIR xanthene dyes based on a dibenzazepine donor conjugated to thiophene (SCR‐1), thienothiophene (SCR‐2), or bithiophene (SCR‐3). We leverage the fact that SCR‐1 undergoes a bathochromic shift when aggregated for in vivo studies by developing a ratiometric nanoparticle for NO (rNP‐NO), which we employed to successfully visualize pathological levels of nitric oxide in a drug‐induced liver injury model via deep tissue SWIR photoacoustic (PA) imaging. Our work demonstrates how easily this dye series can be utilized as a component in nanosensor designs for imaging studies.
Salt Metathesis: Tetrafluoroborate Anion Rapidly Fluoridates Organoboronic Acids to give Organotrifluoroborates
Authors: Lozada Jerome , Xuan Lin Wen , Cao‐Shen Rosana M. , Astoria Tai Ruyin , Perrin David M.
Published: February 2023

Tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) has long been used as a spectator counter anion. Herein, we report an unprecedented salt metathesis between a variety of BF4− salts and a series of organoboronic acids yielding the corresponding organotrifluoroborates. We identified conditions for fast and efficient fluoridation (<1 h) with minimal workup. Fundamentally, this work discloses the proclivity of BF4− to exchange fluoride atoms with organoboronates, highlighting the lability of BF4−.
Enantioselective Intermolecular Radical Amidation and Amination of Benzylic C−H Bonds via Dual Copper and Photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Xuemeng , Lian Zhong , Kramer Søren
Published: February 2023

A method for direct access to enantioenriched benzylic amides and carbamate‐protected primary benzylamines by C−H functionalization is reported. The C−H substrate is used as limiting reagent with only a small excess of the unactivated amide or carbamate nucleophile. The enantioselective intermolecular dehydrogenative C−N bond formation is enabled by a combination of a chiral copper catalyst, a photocatalyst, and an oxidant, and it takes place under mild conditions, which allow for a broad substrate scope. The method is compatible with late‐stage C−H functionalization, and it provides easy access to 15N‐labeled amides and amines starting from cheap 15NH4Cl.
Amphoteric Cellulose‐Based Double‐Network Hydrogel Electrolyte Toward Ultra‐Stable Zn Anode
Authors: Zhang Haodong , Gan Xiaotang , Song Zhiping , Zhou Jinping
Published: February 2023

Zinc (Zn) metal anode suffers from uncontrollable Zn dendrites and parasitic side reactions at the interface, which restrict the practical application of aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries (ARZBs). Herein, an amphoteric cellulose‐based double‐network is introduced as hydrogel electrolyte to overcome these obstacles. On one hand, the amphoteric groups build anion/cation transport channels to regulate electro‐deposition behavior on Zn (002) crystal plane enabled by homogenizing Zn2+ions flux. On the other hand, the strong bonding between negatively charged carboxyl groups and Zn2+ions promote the desolvation process of [Zn(H2O)6]2+to eliminate side reactions. Based on the above two functions, the hydrogel electrolyte enables an ultra‐stable cycling with a cumulative capacity of 7 Ah cm−2at 20 mA cm−2/20 mAh cm−2for Zn||Zn cell. This work provides significant concepts for developing hydrogel electrolytes to realize stable anode for high‐performance ARZBs.
Rigid‐Flexible Hybrid Porous Molecular Crystals with Guest‐Induced Reversible Crystallinity
Authors: Wang Danbo , Zhao Yingjie
Published: February 2023

A weak CH/O hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) with both rigidity and flexibility that could easily and reversibly switch from a non‐crystalline to a crystalline phase was constructed. The specific solvent molecule acts as a “key” to control the crystallinity, while the highly rigid triangle macrocycle as the building block is the “lock”. The introduction and removal of the “key” could influence the local flexibility of the whole framework and lead to switchable crystallinity. Furthermore, the obtained HOF exhibits excellent separation efficiency for benzene and cyclohexane (94.4 %).
Dredging the Charge‐Carrier Transfer Pathway for Efficient Low‐Dimensional Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Pengwei , Yan Linfang , Cao Qingli , Liang Chao , Zhu He , Peng Sihui , Yang Yongpeng , Liang Yuncai , Zhao Rudai , Zang Shuangquan , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin
Published: February 2023

Low‐dimensional Ruddlesden‐Popper (LDRP) perovskites still suffer from inferior carrier transport properties. Here, we demonstrate that efficient exciton dissociation and charge transfer can be achieved in LDRP perovskite by introducing γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a spacer. The hydrogen bonding links adjacent spacing sheets in (GABA)2MA3Pb4I13 (MA=CH3NH3+), leading to the charges localized in the van der Waals gap, thereby constructing “charged‐bridge” for charge transfer through the spacing region. Additionally, the polarized GABA weakens dielectric confinement, decreasing the (GABA)2MA3Pb4I13 exciton binding energy as low as ≈73 meV. Benefiting from these merits, the resultant GABA‐based solar cell yields a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.73 % with enhanced carrier transport properties. Furthermore, the unencapsulated device maintains 92.8 % of its initial PCE under continuous illumination after 1000 h and only lost 3 % of its initial PCE under 65 °C for 500 h.
Aptamer‐LYTACs for Targeted Degradation of Extracellular and Membrane Proteins
Authors: Wu Yuqi , Lin Bingqian , Lu Yinzhu , Li Liang , Deng Kunyue , Zhang Suhui , Zhang Huiming , Yang Chaoyong , Zhu Zhi
Published: February 2023

Recently, lysosome targeting chimeras (LYTACs) have emerged as a promising technology that expands the scope of targeted protein degradation to extracellular targets. However, the preparation of chimeras by conjugation of the antibody and trivalent N‐acetylgalactosamine (tri‐GalNAc) is a complex and time‐consuming process. The large uncertainty in number and position and the large molecular weights of the chimeras result in low internalization efficiency. To circumvent these problems, we developed the first aptamer‐based LYTAC (Apt‐LYTAC) to realize liver‐cell‐specific degradation of extracellular and membrane proteins by conjugating aptamers to tri‐GalNAc. Taking advantage of the facile synthesis and low molecular weight of the aptamer, the Apt‐LYTACs can efficiently and quickly degrade the extracellular protein PDGF and the membrane protein PTK7 through a lysosomal degradation pathway. We anticipate that the novel Apt‐LYTACs will expand the usage of aptamers and provide a new dimension for targeted protein degradation.
Electrooxidative Activation of B−B Bond in B2cat2: Access to gem‐Diborylalkanes via Paired Electrolysis
Authors: Wang Bingbing , Zhang Xiangyu , Cao Yangmin , Zou Long , Qi Xiaotian , Lu Qingquan
Published: February 2023

This report describes the unprecedented electrooxidation of a solvent (e.g., DMF)‐ligated B2cat2 complex, whereby a solvent‐stabilized boryl radical is formed via quasi‐homolytic cleavage of the B−B bond in a DMF‐ligated B2cat2 radical cation. Cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory provide evidence to support this novel B−B bond activation strategy. Furthermore, a strategy for the electrochemical gem‐diborylation of gem‐bromides via paired electrolysis is developed for the first time, affording a range of versatile gem‐diborylalkanes, which are widely used in synthetic society. Notably, this reaction approach is scalable, transition‐metal‐free, and requires no external activator.
Copper‐Catalyzed Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Radical 1,2‐Carbophosphonylation of Styrenes
Authors: Zhou Huan , Fan Li‐Wen , Ren Yang‐Qing , Wang Li‐Lei , Yang Chang‐Jiang , Gu Qiang‐Shuai , Li Zhong‐Liang , Liu Xin‐Yuan
Published: February 2023

The copper‐catalyzed enantioselective radical difunctionalization of alkenes from readily available alkyl halides and organophosphorus reagents possessing a P−H bond provides an appealing approach for the synthesis of α‐chiral alkyl phosphorus compounds. The major challenge arises from the easy generation of a P‐centered radical from the P−H‐type reagent and its facile addition to the terminal side of alkenes, leading to reverse chemoselectivity. We herein disclose a radical 1,2‐carbophosphonylation of styrenes in a highly chemo‐ and enantioselective manner. The key to the success lies in not only the implementation of dialkyl phosphites with a strong bond dissociation energy to promote the desired chemoselectivity but also the utilization of an anionic chiral N,N,N‐ligand to forge the chiral C(sp3)−P bond. The developed Cu/N,N,N‐ligand catalyst has enriched our library of single‐electron transfer catalysts in the enantioselective radical transformations.
Ultra‐long Near‐infrared Repeatable Photochemical Afterglow Mediated by Reversible Storage of Singlet Oxygen for Information Encryption
Authors: Chen Lei , Sun Kuangshi , Hu Donghao , Su Xianlong , Guo Linna , Yin Jiamiao , Pei Yuetian , Fan Yiwei , Liu Qian , Xu Ming , Feng Wei , Li Fuyou
Published: February 2023

Photochemical afterglow systems have drawn considerable attention in recent years due to their regulable photophysical properties and charming application potential. However, conventional photochemical afterglow suffered from its unrepeatability due to the consumption of energy cache units as afterglow photons are emitted. Here we report a novel strategy to realize repeatable photochemical afterglow (RPA) through the reversible storage of1O2by 2‐pyridones. Near‐infrared afterglow with a lifetime over 10 s is achieved, and its initial intensity shows no significant reduction over 50 excitation cycles. A detailed mechanism study was conducted and confirmed the RPA is realized through the singlet oxygen‐sensitized fluorescence emission. Furthermore, the generality of this strategy is demonstrated and tunable afterglow lifetimes and colors are achieved by rational design. The developed RPA is further applied for attacker‐misleading information encryption, presenting a repeatable‐readout.