bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Preterm Births and Complications of Prematurity: A Comparison Between First Year of COVID-19 Pandemic and the Previous Year
Authors: Palizban Farzaneh , Taslimi Taleghani Naeeme , Khoshnood Shariati Maryam , Fallahi Minoo , Tehranchi Sedigheh , Najafiarab Hanieh
Published: August 2022

Background: COVID-19 pandemic imposed significant challenges on the health systems. COVID-19 management policies such as lockdown have made access to the health centers difficult. Pregnant women are a high-risk group whose pregnancy outcomes may be affected by COVID-19 pandemic. So, it is necessary to determine changes in the prevalence of preterm births and complications of prematurity during the pandemic. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of preterm births and complications of prematurity during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous year. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included all live births born between March 2019 to March 2021 in Mahdiyeh hospital, Tehran, Iran. We reviewed medical records to extract the prevalence of preterm births and prematurity complications. Then, the prevalence of preterm births and prematurity complications during COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous year. We used Chi-square test to analyze categorical variables. Results: A total of 10,830 live births were included in this study. During COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of moderate or late prematurity had a 4.64% reduction (P < 0.001), and the prevalence of term birth increased by 5.37% (P < 0.001) compared with the previous year. The prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreased significantly during COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous year (23.64% vs. 26.56%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) significantly increased during COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous year (3.97% vs. 2.28%, P < 0.001). Additionally, sepsis was significantly more prevalent during COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous year (6.84% vs. 1.23%, P < 0.001). Moreover, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) significantly increased during COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to the previous year (1.10% vs. 0.08%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of preterm birth decreased during COVID-19 lockdown. Also, major complications of prematurity such as RDS, ROP, sepsis, and IVH may be affected by COVID-19 lockdown.
Optimization of the Alpha-Amylase Production from Microbial Source: A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies
Authors: Hormoznejad Razie , Saberi Shirin , Moridnia Abbas , Azish Maryam , Elyasi Far Babak
Published: August 2022

Context: The growth and production of enzymes by microorganisms depend highly on the compounds and factors entering the system. Objectives: The present systematic review aimed to assess the optimized medium content to enhance alpha-amylase production from the microorganisms. Methods: The PubMed, Embase Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to April 2022, restricted to the English language. The reference list of the included studies was cross-checked, and a partial gray literature search was undertaken. Alpha-amylase production from the microorganisms and optimized medium content by statistical design were the key evaluated outcomes. Results: Among 995 initially gathered litterateurs, 12 studies were included in this review, which involved bacteria (seven studies), yeasts (two studies), fungi (two studies), and protists (one study). The results indicated that the optimized medium composition by statistical design might increase alpha-amylase production. Conclusions: Growth conditions, including pH, temperature, and starch concentration, are essential to be optimized to improve alpha-amylase yield.
“The Spiritual Essence of Antisemitism (according to Jacques Maritain)”
Authors: Levinas Emmanuel , Portal Michael ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

The following is an early, previously untranslated essay by Emmanuel Levinas concerning “the metaphysics of antisemitism.” This essay, published originally in 1938 for Paix et Droit, concerns the shared history and destiny of Jews and Christians, religious groups who maintain a relation of essential “foreignness” to, and so “do not belong” to, the “pagan” world. Levinas distinguishes between the long history of Jewish-Christian antagonism and the newer Nazi-style antisemitism, a particularly insidious “racism” that threatens both Jews and Christians. Levinas calls for a renewed appreciation of the “vocation” common to Jews and Christians to advance Judeo-Christian “solidarity,” a solidarity that Levinas believes is increasingly necessary.
Spindle Cell Lesions of the Breast: A Diagnostic Algorithm
Authors: Ni Yunbi , Tse Gary M.
Published: August 2022

Context.—

Spindle cell lesions of the breast represent a broad spectrum of entities, ranging from nonneoplastic reactive conditions to high-grade malignant tumors. The wide range makes breast spindle cell lesions a diagnostic pitfall.

Objective.—

To review the classification of spindle cell lesions of the breast, including clinical features, morphologic characteristics, and the role of immunohistochemistry as well as molecular tools in assisting the differential diagnosis. A diagnostic algorithm will be proposed.

Data Sources.—

Literature and personal experience are the sources for this study.

Conclusions.—

Spindle cell lesions of the breast can be classified as biphasic or monophasic, with the former including both spindle cell and epithelial components, and the latter including only spindle cell elements. Each category is further subclassified as low or high grade. In the biphasic low-grade group, fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor are the most common lesions. Other uncommon lesions include hamartoma, adenomyoepithelioma, and pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. In the biphasic high-grade group, borderline/malignant phyllodes tumor and biphasic metaplastic carcinoma are the main lesions to consider. In the monophasic low-grade group, reactive spindle cell nodule, nodular fasciitis, myofibroblastoma, fibromatosis, and fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma have to be considered. In the monophasic high-grade group, the possible lesions are monophasic spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma, primary breast sarcoma, and metastases. Awareness of the clinical history and careful evaluation of any epithelial differentiation (with a large immunohistochemical panel) are crucial in the distinction.
Adoption of an Adaptive Learning Resource, Rhapsode™, in Nurse Education: Students’ Expectations and Experiences
Authors: Nortvig Anne-Mette , Jørnø Rasmus , Andersen Bjarke Lindsø
Published: August 2022

This article presents the first finding from a research project that design for and test the implementation of an adaptive learning technology, RhapsodeTM, in nurse education in Denmark. Based on the empirical data that was generated from 12 h of classroom teaching observations and interviews with 11 student nurses, the article asks the question of how the student nurses experience and react to the new digital learning resource. The student nurses reacted very differently to the technology, and it is the descriptions, reasons and discussions of these reactions and experiences that are in focus in this article.
Membrane-mediated dimerization potentiates PIP5K lipid kinase activity
Authors: Hansen Scott D , Lee Albert A , Duewell Benjamin R , Groves Jay T
Published: August 2022

The phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) family of lipid-modifying enzymes generate the majority of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] lipids found at the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells. PI(4,5)P2 lipids serve a critical role in regulating receptor activation, ion channel gating, endocytosis, and actin nucleation. Here, we describe how PIP5K activity is regulated by cooperative binding to PI(4,5)P2 lipids and membrane-mediated dimerization of the kinase domain. In contrast to constitutively dimeric phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase (PIP4K, type II PIPK), solution PIP5K exists in a weak monomer–dimer equilibrium. PIP5K monomers can associate with PI(4,5)P2-containing membranes and dimerize in a protein density-dependent manner. Although dispensable for cooperative PI(4,5)P2 binding, dimerization enhances the catalytic efficiency of PIP5K through a mechanism consistent with allosteric regulation. Additionally, dimerization amplifies stochastic variation in the kinase reaction velocity and strengthens effects such as the recently described stochastic geometry sensing. Overall, the mechanism of PIP5K membrane binding creates a broad dynamic range of lipid kinase activities that are coupled to the density of PI(4,5)P2 and membrane-bound kinase.
Defining hierarchical protein interaction networks from spectral analysis of bacterial proteomes
Authors: Zaydman Mark A , Little Alexander S , Haro Fidel , Aksianiuk Valeryia , Buchser William J , DiAntonio Aaron , Gordon Jeffrey I , Milbrandt Jeffrey , Raman Arjun S
Published: August 2022

Cellular behaviors emerge from layers of molecular interactions: proteins interact to form complexes, pathways, and phenotypes. We show that hierarchical networks of protein interactions can be defined from the statistical pattern of proteome variation measured across thousands of diverse bacteria and that these networks reflect the emergence of complex bacterial phenotypes. Our results are validated through gene-set enrichment analysis and comparison to existing experimentally derived databases. We demonstrate the biological utility of our approach by creating a model of motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and using it to identify a protein that affects pilus-mediated motility. Our method, SCALES (Spectral Correlation Analysis of Layered Evolutionary Signals), may be useful for interrogating genotype-phenotype relationships in bacteria.
Detecting molecular interactions in live-cell single-molecule imaging with proximity-assisted photoactivation (PAPA)
Authors: Graham Thomas GW , Ferrie John Joseph , Dailey Gina M , Tjian Robert , Darzacq Xavier
Published: August 2022

Single-molecule imaging provides a powerful way to study biochemical processes in live cells, yet it remains challenging to track single molecules while simultaneously detecting their interactions. Here, we describe a novel property of rhodamine dyes, proximity-assisted photoactivation (PAPA), in which one fluorophore (the ‘sender’) can reactivate a second fluorophore (the ‘receiver’) from a dark state. PAPA requires proximity between the two fluorophores, yet it operates at a longer average intermolecular distance than Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). We show that PAPA can be used in live cells both to detect protein–protein interactions and to highlight a subpopulation of labeled protein complexes in which two different labels are in proximity. In proof-of-concept experiments, PAPA detected the expected correlation between androgen receptor self-association and chromatin binding at the single-cell level. These results establish a new way in which a photophysical property of fluorophores can be harnessed to study molecular interactions in single-molecule imaging of live cells.
DetecDiv, a generalist deep-learning platform for automated cell division tracking and survival analysis
Authors: Aspert Théo , Hentsch Didier , Charvin Gilles
Published: August 2022

Automating the extraction of meaningful temporal information from sequences of microscopy images represents a major challenge to characterize dynamical biological processes. So far, strong limitations in the ability to quantitatively analyze single-cell trajectories have prevented large-scale investigations to assess the dynamics of entry into replicative senescence in yeast. Here, we have developed DetecDiv, a microfluidic-based image acquisition platform combined with deep learning-based software for high-throughput single-cell division tracking. We show that DetecDiv can automatically reconstruct cellular replicative lifespans with high accuracy and performs similarly with various imaging platforms and geometries of microfluidic traps. In addition, this methodology provides comprehensive temporal cellular metrics using time-series classification and image semantic segmentation. Last, we show that this method can be further applied to automatically quantify the dynamics of cellular adaptation and real-time cell survival upon exposure to environmental stress. Hence, this methodology provides an all-in-one toolbox for high-throughput phenotyping for cell cycle, stress response, and replicative lifespan assays.
Innate immune signaling in trophoblast and decidua organoids defines differential antiviral defenses at the maternal-fetal interface
Authors: Yang Liheng , Semmes Eleanor C , Ovies Cristian , Megli Christina , Permar Sallie , Gilner Jennifer B , Coyne Carolyn B
Published: August 2022

Infections at the maternal-fetal interface can directly harm the fetus and induce complications that adversely impact pregnancy outcomes. Innate immune signaling by both fetal-derived placental trophoblasts and the maternal decidua must provide antimicrobial defenses at this critical interface without compromising its integrity. Here, we developed matched trophoblast (TO) and decidua organoids (DO) from human placentas to define the relative contributions of these cells to antiviral defenses at the maternal-fetal interface. We demonstrate that TO and DO basally secrete distinct immunomodulatory factors, including the constitutive release of the antiviral type III interferon IFN-λ2 from TOs, and differentially respond to viral infections through the induction of organoid-specific factors. Finally, we define the differential susceptibility and innate immune signaling of TO and DO to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and develop a co-culture model of TO and DO which showed that trophoblast-derived factors protect decidual cells from HCMV infection. Our findings establish matched TO and DO as ex vivo models to study vertically transmitted infections and highlight differences in innate immune signaling by fetal-derived trophoblasts and the maternal decidua.
Temporal and thermal profiling of the Toxoplasma proteome implicates parasite Protein Phosphatase 1 in the regulation of Ca2+-responsive pathways
Authors: Herneisen Alice L , Li Zhu-Hong , Chan Alex W , Moreno Silvia NJ , Lourido Sebastian
Published: August 2022

Apicomplexan parasites cause persistent mortality and morbidity worldwide through diseases including malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. Ca2+ signaling pathways have been repurposed in these eukaryotic pathogens to regulate parasite-specific cellular processes governing the replicative and lytic phases of the infectious cycle, as well as the transition between them. Despite the presence of conserved Ca2+-responsive proteins, little is known about how specific signaling elements interact to impact pathogenesis. We mapped the Ca2+-responsive proteome of the model apicomplexan Taxoplasma gondii via time-resolved phosphoproteomics and thermal proteome profiling. The waves of phosphoregulation following PKG activation and stimulated Ca2+ release corroborate known physiological changes but identify specific proteins operating in these pathways. Thermal profiling of parasite extracts identified many expected Ca2+-responsive proteins, such as parasite Ca2+-dependent protein kinases. Our approach also identified numerous Ca2+-responsive proteins that are not predicted to bind Ca2+, yet are critical components of the parasite signaling network. We characterized protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) as a Ca2+-responsive enzyme that relocalized to the parasite apex upon Ca2+ store release. Conditional depletion of PP1 revealed that the phosphatase regulates Ca2+ uptake to promote parasite motility. PP1 may thus be partly responsible for Ca2+-regulated serine/threonine phosphatase activity in apicomplexan parasites.
Exploring the anticancer and antioxidant properties of Vicia faba L. pods extracts, a promising source of nutraceuticals
Authors: Ceramella Jessica , La Torre Chiara , De Luca Michele , Iacopetta Domenico , Fazio Alessia , Catalano Alessia , Ragno Gaetano , Longo Pasquale , Sinicropi Maria Stefania , Rosano Camillo
Published: August 2022

Background

Pulse crops are considered the major sources of proteins, dietary fiber, micronutrients, and bioactive phytochemicals. Among the numerous pulse crops, broad beans (Vicia faba L.) have received particular attention due to their nutraceutical, functional and economic importance. Our attention was mainly focused on the broad bean pods (VFs), which are the primary by-product of the domestic and industrial processing of broad beans and an attractive source of valuable ingredients.

Methods

In order to investigate the VFs properties, the flours from broad beans of three different harvest periods were extracted with acetone, methanol and 70% aqueous ethanol and the dried extracts were analyzed, qualitatively and quantitatively, and tested for their antioxidant through DPPH and ABTS assay and anticancer activities using the MTT assay and immunofluorescence analysis.

Results

The VF extracts demonstrated a good in vitro radical scavenging activity from the first stage of collection of all the V. faba L. extracts. Additionally, the extracts were tested for their cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer and normal cells and the outcomes indicated the ethanol extract as the most active against the melanoma cell line Sk-Mel-28, without affecting the viability of the normal cells. Finally, we found out that the ethanol extract interfered with the microtubules organization, leading to the cancer cells death by apoptosis.
Acute effects of variable resistance training on force, velocity, and power measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Lin , Cai Zhidong , Chen Sitong , Han Dong
Published: August 2022

Objective

Acute effects of variable resistance training (VRT) and constant resistance training (CRT) on neuromuscular performance are still equivocal. We aimed to determine the differences between VRT and CRT in terms of force, velocity, and power outcomes.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases for articles until June 2021. Crossover design studies comparing force, velocity, and power outcomes while performing VRT and CRT were included. Two reviewers independently applied the modified version of the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool to assess the risk of bias. A three-level random effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were used to compute standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

We included 16 studies with 207 participants in the quantitative synthesis. Based on the pooled results, VRT generated greater mean velocity (SMD = 0.675; moderate Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) quality evidence) and mean power (SMD = 1.022; low) than CRT. Subgroup analyses revealed that VRT considerably increased the mean velocity (SMD = 0.903; moderate) and mean power (SMD = 1.456; moderate) in the equated loading scheme and the mean velocity (SMD = 0.712; low) in the CRT higher loading scheme. However, VRT marginally significantly reduced peak velocity (SMD = −0.481; low) in the VRT higher loading scheme. Based on the meta-regression analysis, it was found that mean power (p= 0.014–0.043) was positively moderated by the contribution of variable resistance and peak velocity (p= 0.018) and peak power (p= 0.001–0.004) and RFD (p= 0.003) were positively moderated by variable resistance equipment, favoring elastic bands.

Conclusions

VRT provides practitioners with the means of emphasizing specific force, velocity, and power outcomes. Different strategies should be considered in context of an individual’s needs. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021259205.
Complex interactions between p.His558Arg and linked variants in the sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (NaV1.5)
Authors: Lopes-Marques Monica , Silva Raquel , Serrano Catarina , Gomes Verónica , Cardoso Ana , Prata Maria João , Amorim Antonio , Azevedo Luisa
Published: August 2022

Common genetic polymorphisms may modify the phenotypic outcome when co-occurring with a disease-causing variant, and therefore understanding their modulating role in health and disease is of great importance. The polymorphic p.His558Arg variant of the sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (NaV1.5) encoded by the SCN5A gene is a case in point, as several studies have shown it can modify the clinical phenotype in a number of cardiac diseases. To evaluate the genetic backgrounds associated with this modulating effect, we reanalysed previous electrophysiological findings regarding the p.His558Arg variant and further assessed its patterns of genetic diversity in human populations. The NaV1.5 p.His558Arg variant was found to be in linkage disequilibrium with six other polymorphic variants that previously were also associated with cardiac traits in GWAS analyses. On account of this, incongruent reports that Arg558 allele can compensate, aggravate or have no effect on NaV1.5, likely might have arose due to a role of p.His558Arg depending on the additional linked variants. Altogether, these results indicate a major influence of the epistatic interactions between SCN5A variants, revealing also that phenotypic severity may depend on the polymorphic background associated to each individual genome.
The greening reaction of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) metmyoglobin promoted by free cysteine during thermal treatment
Authors: Álvarez-Armenta Andrés , Pacheco-Aguilar Ramón , López-Zavala Alonso A. , Corona-Martínez David O. , Sotelo-Mundo Rogerio R. , García-Orozco Karina D. , Ramírez-Suárez Juan C.
Published: August 2022

Background

Tuna muscle greening is a problem that occurs after heating. A hypothesis has been postulated to address this problem, involving a conserved Cys residue at position 10 (Cys-10) present on tuna myoglobin (Mb) that is exposed during the thermic treatment, forming a disulfide bond with free cysteine (Cys) in the presence of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), resulting in the greening of the tuna Mb.

Methods

We present a study using skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) metmyoglobin (MbFe(III)-H2O) where the effect of free Cys (1–6 mM), TMAO (1.33 mM), and catalase on the greening reaction (GR) was monitored by UV-vis spectrometry during thermal treatment at 60 °C for 30 min. Moreover, the participation of Cys-10 on the GR was evaluated after its blocking with N-ethymaleimide.

Results

The GR occurred in tuna MbFe(III)-H2O after heat treatment with free Cys, forming sulfmyoglobin (MbFe(II)-S) as the responsible pigment for the tuna greening. However, the rate constants of MbFe(II)-S production depended on Cys concentration (up to 4 mM) and occurred regardless of the TMAO presence. We postulate that two consecutive reactions involve an intermediate ferrylmyoglobin (promoted by H2O2) species with a subsequent MbFe(II)-S formation since the presence of catalase fosters the reduction of the rate reaction. Moreover, GR occurred even with blocked Cys-10 residues in tuna Mb and horse Mb (without Cys in its sequence).

Discussion

We found that GR is not exclusive to tuna Mb´s, and it can be promoted in other muscle systems. Moreover, Cys and thermal treatment are indispensable for promoting this pigmentation anomaly.
Effects of high Ca and Mg stress on plants water use efficiency in a Karst ecosystem
Authors: Qu Rui , Han Guilin
Published: August 2022

Background

Karst ecosystems are widely distributed in the world, with one of the largest continuous Karst landforms in Southwest China. Karst regions are characterized by water shortage, high soil calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) content, and soil nutrient leaching, resulting in drought stress and growth limitation of plants.

Methods

This study compared nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Ca, and Mg of herbaceous and woody plants in a small Karst ecosystem in Southwest China. The indexes of water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated to identify the drought stress of plants in this Karst ecosystem. Meanwhile, the relationship between Ca and Mg accumulation and WUE was evaluated in herbaceous and woody plants.

Results

Herbaceous plants showed a higher content of leaf N (13.4 to 40.1 g·kg−1), leaf P (2.2 to 4.8 g·kg−1) and leaf K (14.6 to 35.5 g·kg−1) than woody plants (N: 10.4 g to 22.4 g·kg−1; P: 0.4 to 2.3 g·kg−1; K: 5.7 to 15.5 g·kg−1). Herbaceous plants showed a significantly positive correlation between WUE and K:Ca ratio (R = 0.79), while WUE has a strongly positive correlation with K:Mg ratio in woody plants (R = 0.63).

Conclusion

Herbaceous plants suffered from nitrogen (N) limitation, and woody plants were constrained by P or N+P content. Herbaceous plants had higher leaf N, P, and K than woody plants, while Ca and Mg showed no significant differences, probably resulting from the Karst environment of high Ca and Mg contents. Under high Karst Ca and Mg stress, herbaceous and woody plants responded differently to Ca and Mg stress, respectively. WUE of herbaceous plants is more sensitive to Ca stress, while that of woody plants is more sensitive to Mg stress. These findings establish a link between plant nutrients and hydraulic processes in a unique Karst ecosystem, further facilitating studies of the nutrient-water cycling system in the ecosystem.
O MONTE PASCOAL, OS ÍNDIOS PATAXÓ E A LUTA PELO RECONHECIMENTO ÉTNICO
Authors: De Carvalho Maria Rosário
Published: August 2022

O artigo trata do embate travado entre os Índios Pataxó e o Estado brasileiro pela posse do Parque Nacional do Monte Pascoal, para o que são utilizados a noção de eventos críticos e o modelo de conflito que atribui o surgimento e o curso das lutas sociais às experiências morais dos grupos sociais em face da denegação do reconhecimento. O objetivo é, mediante a apresentação das várias etapas do embate, demonstrar que os eventos críticos relacionados à criação do PNMP ao tempo em que ensejam graves contradições para os Pataxó, colaboram para a gênese de uma nova comunidade político-moral. O foco incide, pois, na interface demografia e antropologia, buscando relacionar as condições de vida, o deslocamento espacial e os direitos de um povo indígena. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pataxó, nação, reconhecimento, luta, monumento. MONTE PASCOAL, THE PATAXÓ INDIANS AND THE FIGHT FOR ETHNIC RECOGNITION Maria Rosário de Carvalho This paper treats of the struggle between the Pataxó Indians and the Brazilian State by the ownership of Mount Pascoal’s National Park, for which are used the notion of critical events and the conflict model that attributes the appearance and the course of the social struggle to the moral experiences of the social groups in face of the denial of the recognition. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, through the presentation of the several stages of the struggle, to demonstrate that the critical events related to the creation of PNMP (in English, Mount Pascoal National Park) while bringing serious contradictions for the Pataxó, collaborate to the genesis of a new political-moral community. The focus incides, therefore, in the interface between demography and anthropology, striving to relate living conditions, the space displacement and the rights of an indigenous people. KEYWORDS: Pataxó, nation, recognition, struggle, monument. MONTE PASCOAL, LES INDIENS PATAXÓ ET LA LUTTE POUR UNE RECONNAISSANCE ETHNIQUE Maria Rosário de Carvalho L’article traite de l’affrontement qui a eu lieu entre les Indiens Pataxó et l’Etat brésilien pour la possession du Parc National de Monte Pascoal. On y utilise la notion d’événements critiques et du modèle de conflit qui attribue le surgissement et l’avènement des luttes sociales à des expériences morales de groupes sociaux qui se trouvent face à un refus de reconnaissance. L’objectif est de démontrer, à partir de la présentation des différentes étapes de la lutte, que les événements critiques, liés à la création du PNMP, objet de graves contradictions pour les Pataxó, ont collaborés à l’origine d’une nouvelle communauté politique et morale. En effet, l’accent est mis sur l’interface démographique et anthropologique et cherche à faire le lien entre les conditions de vie, le déplacement dans l’espace et les droits d’un peuple indigène. MOTS-CLÉS Pataxó, nation, reconnaissance, lutte, monument. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
MANDATO POLICIAL NA PRÁTICA: tomando decisões nas ruas de João Pessoa
Authors: De Oliveira Muniz Jacqueline , França da Silva Washington
Published: August 2022

Este artigo volta-se para o chamado modus operandi dos patrulheiros da ordem pública da Polícia Militar da Paraíba, dirigindo o seu olhar para o que seja o “padrão operacional” dos PMs que fazem o “policiamento ostensivo” em João Pessoa. Toma como percurso o ponto de vista desses policiais sobre a sua práxis discricionária no atendimento às ocorrências criminais e não-criminais, buscando compreender como o mandato público de polícia se faz nas ruas e, por conseguinte, com que meios e modos a autoridade policial é concretamente exercida diante dos “fins” para os quais ela é chamada a atuar. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: mandato policial, poder discricionário, Polícia Militar, administração de conflitos, uso da força. POLICE MANDATE IN USE: making decisions on the streets of João Pessoa Jacqueline de Oliveira Muniz Washington França da Silva This article turns to the modus operandi of the police beat of public order officers of the Military Police of Paraíba, directing its focus on what is the “standard operation” of MPs who do the “ostensive policing” in Joao Pessoa. It follows the point of view of these officers on their discretionary practice in responding to non-criminal and criminal incidents, trying to understand how the public office mandate works on the streets and, therefore, through which ways and means the police authority is concretely exercised for the “purposes” for which it is called to act. KEYWORDS: police mandate, discretionary power, military Police, conflict management, use of force. MANDAT DE POLICE DANS LA PRATIQUE: prise de décisions dans les rues de João Pessoa Jacqueline de Oliveira Muniz Washington França da Silva Cet article traite dudit modus operandi des patrouilleurs de l’ordre public de la Police Militaire de l’état de Paraíba, vu en particulier sous l’angle de ce que l’on appelle “le modèle opérationnel” des PMs (Policiers Militaires) qui s’occupent de la “surveillance ostensive” à João Pessoa. On part du point de vue de ces policiers par rapport à leur pratique discrétionnaire dans le cadre des affaires criminelles et non criminelles. On essaie de comprendre comment la police exerce sa fonction dans les rues et, par conséquent, de savoir quels sont les moyens utilisés et de quelle manière s’exerce concrètement l’autorité policière pour atteindre les “buts” auxquels sont action se destine. MOTS-CLÉS: mandat de police, pouvoir discré-tionnaire, police militaire, administration de conflits, utilisation de la force. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
NOTAS SOBRE REPRESENTAÇÃO DO CORPO E CULTURA MÉDICA NO PORTUGAL MODERNO
Authors: Bellini Lígia
Published: August 2022

O artigo discute pressupostos e possibilidades de abordagem no estudo de representações do corpo em Portugal, nos inícios da época moderna. Seu principal objeto de análise são os modos como o corpo é representado na medicina, mas também trata de outras áreas do saber, como a filosofia e a literatura, com vistas a explorar paralelamente duas questões inter-relacionadas: a questão mais geral dos vínculos entre representações do corpo, ideias e processos históricos do seu contexto cultural; e o problema mais específico de como essas representações expressam conceitos e modos de pensar no universo médico. Esta proposta funda-se no entendimento de que a análise de imagens é particularmente reveladora das nuanças de influências intelectuais entre os pensadores do período. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: representação do corpo, medicina, cultura, Portugal, época moderna. NOTES ON REPRESENTATION OF THE BODY AND MEDICAL CULTURE IN EARLY MODERN PORTUGAL Lígia Bellini This article discusses presuppositions and approaches for a study on representations of the body in early modern Portugal. It focuses on medicine, but it also deals with other scholarly domains such as philosophy and literature. It addresses two related questions: the more general question of the links between representations of the body, ideas and historical processes in their cultural context; and the more particular problem of the way these representations express concepts and modes of thought in the medical milieu. This proposal is based on the premise that an enquiry into images used by thinkers illuminates the shaded spectrum of intellectual influences among them. KEY WORDS: representation of the body, medicine, culture, Portugal, early modern period. NOTES CONCERNANT LA REPRÉSENTATION DU CORPS ET LA CULTURE MÉDICALE AU PORTUGAL MODERNE Lígia Bellini L’article analyse les présupposés et les approches possibles pour l’étude des représentations du corps au Portugal, au début de l’époque moderne. Cette analyse porte sur les images du corps dans la médecine mais aborde également d’autres domaines du savoir comme la philosophie et la littérature afin de faire un parallèle entre deux questions qui sont reliées entre elles : la question plus générale des liens entre les représentations du corps et les idées et les processus historiques de leur contexte culturel ; et le problème pus spécifique à savoir comment les images et leurs représentations expriment les concepts et les manières de penser dans l’univers médical. Cette proposition part du principe que l’analyse des images est particulièrement révélatrice des nuances dues aux influences intellectuelles des penseurs de l’époque. MOTS-CLÉS: Représentation du corps, médecine, culture, Portugal, époque moderne. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
A RESPOSTA DAS POLITÉCNICAS FINLANDESAS AOS DESAFIOS DAS POLÍTICAS DE INOVAÇÃO E DE DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL
Authors: Lyytinen Anu , Hölttä Seppo
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise do desenvolvimento recente de uma parte do ensino superior na Finlândia. Seu objetivo é analisar como as politécnicas finlandesas reagiram às novas exigências para que se tornassem responsivas às necessidades regionais e como elas construíram as competências necessárias para esse engajamento regional. O quadro de referência teórica central são os elementos de mudança institucional descritos por Burton Clark (1998) em sua análise sobre as universidades empreendedoras. Em particular, o artigo focaliza os canais e interfaces que essas instituições estabeleceram com outros atores no âmbito regional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Finlândia, ensino superior, desenvolvimento regional, Politécnicas, empreendedorismo acadêmico. THE ANSWER OF THE FINNISH POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL TO THE CHALLENGES O OF INOVATION AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICIES Anu Lyytinen Seppo Hölttä This paper presents an analysis of the recent development of a part of the higher education in Finland. Its objective is to analyse how Finnish polytechnic school reacted to the new requirements to become responsive to regional needs and how they build up the necessary abilities to this regional engagement. The central theoretical framework are the institutional changing elements described by Burton Clark (1998) on his analysis about entrepreneurial universities. In particular the article focus on the channels and interfaces that those institutions have established with other players in the region. KEY WORDS: Finland, higher education, regional development, polytechnic school, academic entrepreneurship. LA RÉPONSE DES ÉCOLES POLITECHNIQUES FINLANDAISES AUX DÉFIS DES POLITIQUES D’INNOVATION ET DE DÉVELOPPEMENT RÉGIONAL Anu Lyytinen Seppo Hölttä L’objectif de l’analyse du développement récent d’une partie de l’enseignement supérieur en Finlande, présenté dans ce travail, est de voir comment les écoles polytechniques finlandaises ont réagi aux nouvelles exigences afin de répondre aux besoins régionaux d’une part, et comment elles ont construit les compétences exigées par cet engagement régional d’autre part. Les éléments de changement institutionnel décrits par Burton Clark (1998) dans son analyse des universités entreprenariales constituent la base théorique essentielle de cette recherche. L’article se concentre tout particulièrement sur les réseaux et les interfaces que ces institutions ont établi avec les autres acteurs régionaux. MOTS-CLÉS: Finlande, enseignement supérieur, développement régional, écoles politechniques, entreprenariat académique. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh
Fifty years of psychotherapy, but what about infant mental health and early childcare?
Authors: Cook Peter
Published: August 2022

In addition to quality psychotherapeutic treatment, primary prevention was, from the beginning, a parallel concern of those who founded the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists in 1947. This arose both from theory and the experience that many emotional problems were essentially preventable. They sought to apply insights gained during psychotherapy to prevent emotional trauma and promote mental health, especially in infancy and early childhood.
Empirical confirmation came with Bowlby's 1951 Monograph, published by the WHO [8]. Like Suttie and Every, Bowlby was led to adopt an evolutionary perspective, which can illuminate the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of emotional disturbance in infants, young children and their families, with implications for healthy childrearing. This approach also led to critiques of Freudian theory, with calls for it to be reformulated.
Some preventive achievements are outlined, but it is suggested that the most significant failure has been the widespread denial of the emotional consequences for the infant of prolonged early non-parental childcare, underpinned by the now discredited ideology of cultural determinism.
Your clever mistake forgot
Authors: Bagnall Malcom
Published: August 2022

A poem by Malcom Bagnall.
Book Review
Authors: Stupples Angela
Published: August 2022

Brian Broom Somatic Illness and the Patient's Other Story, London, Free Association Books, 1997. $48.95.
It was a pleasure to be asked to review this book, published by Free Association Books, London. I congratulate Brian on having found a place to express his clinical experience and ideas in the wider world of Europe and North America. It reduces the sense of isolation and self-absorption which I experience in our current cultural climate, as we struggle to come to terms with the events of our past.
Prevalence of Leukopenia and Associated Outcomes in Patients With Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Wang Leo L. , Noe Megan H. , Micheletti Robert G.
Published: August 2022

This case series compares the factors, comorbidities, and complications associated with leukopenia between patients with and without leukopenia on hospital admission.
Multivariable Predictive Models to Identify the Optimal Biologic Therapy for Treatment of Patients With Psoriasis at the Individual Level
Authors: Nielsen Mia-Louise , Petersen Troels Christian , Maul Julia-Tatjana , Wu Jashin J. , Rasmussen Mads Kirchheiner , Bertelsen Trine , Ajgeiy Kawa Khaled , Skov Lone , Thomsen Simon Francis , Thyssen Jacob P. , Egeberg Alexander
Published: August 2022

Importance

Identifying the optimal long-term biologic therapy for patients with psoriasis is often done through trial and error.

Objective

To identify the optimal biologic therapy for individual patients with psoriasis using predictive statistical and machine learning models.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study used data from Danish nationwide registries, primarily DERMBIO, and included adult patients treated for moderate-to-severe psoriasis with biologics. Data were processed and analyzed between spring 2021 and spring 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Patient clusters of clinical relevance were identified and their success rates estimated for each drug. Furthermore, predictive prognostic models to identify optimal biologic treatment at the individual level based on data from nationwide registries were evaluated.

Results

Assuming a success criterion of 3 years of sustained treatment, this study included 2034 patients with a total of 3452 treatment series. Most treatment series involved male patients (2147 [62.2%]) originating from Denmark (3190 [92.4%]), and 2414 (69.9%) had finished an education longer than primary school. The average ages were 24.9 years at psoriasis diagnosis and 45.5 years at initiation of biologic therapy. Gradient-boosted decision trees and logistic regression were able to predict a specific cytokine target (eg, interleukin-17 inhibition) associated with a successful treatment with accuracies of 63.6% and 59.2%, and top 2 accuracies of 95.9% and 93.9%. When predicting specific drugs resulting in success, gradient boost and logistic regression had accuracies of 48.5% and 44.4%, top 2 accuracies of 77.6% and 75.9%, and top 3 accuracies of 89.9% and 89.0%.

Conclusions and Relevance

Of the treatment prediction models used in this cohort study of patients with psoriasis, gradient-boosted decision trees performed significantly better than logistic regression when predicting specific biologic therapy (by drug as well as target) leading to a treatment duration of at least 3 years without discontinuation. Predicting the optimal biologic could benefit patients and clinicians by minimizing the number of failed treatment attempts.
Childhood‐Onset Lupus Nephritis in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry: Short‐Term Kidney Status and Variation in Care
Authors: Smitherman Emily A. , Chahine Rouba A. , Beukelman Timothy , Lewandowski Laura B. , Rahman A. K. M. Fazlur , Wenderfer Scott E. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Hersh Aimee O. ,   for the CARRA Registry Investigators
Published: August 2022

Objective

The goal was to characterize short‐term kidney status and describe variation in early care utilization in a multicenter cohort of patients with childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and nephritis.

Methods

We analyzed previously collected prospective data from North American patients with cSLE with kidney biopsy‐proven nephritis enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry from March 2017 through December 2019. We determined the proportion of patients with abnormal kidney status at the most recent registry visit and applied generalized linear mixed models to identify associated factors. We also calculated frequency of medication use, both during induction and ever recorded.

Results

We identified 222 patients with kidney biopsy–proven nephritis, with 64% class III/IV nephritis on initial biopsy. At the most recent registry visit at median (interquartile range) of 17 (8–29) months from initial kidney biopsy, 58 of 106 patients (55%) with available data had abnormal kidney status. This finding was associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR] 3.88, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.21–12.46) and age at cSLE diagnosis (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01–1.49). Patients with class IV nephritis were more likely than class III to receive cyclophosphamide and rituximab during induction. There was substantial variation in mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab ever use patterns across rheumatology centers.

Conclusion

In this cohort with predominately class III/IV nephritis, male sex and older age at cSLE diagnosis were associated with abnormal short‐term kidney status. We also observed substantial variation in contemporary medication use for pediatric lupus nephritis between pediatric rheumatology centers. Additional studies are needed to better understand the impact of this variation on long‐term kidney outcomes.
Modulating Bond Interactions and Interface Microenvironments between Polysulfide and Catalysts toward Advanced Metal–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhu Ran , Zheng Weiqiong , Yan Rui , Wu Min , Zhou Hongju , He Chao , Liu Xikui , Cheng Chong , Li Shuang , Zhao Changsheng
Published: August 2022

Advanced metal–sulfur batteries (MSBs) are regarded as promising next‐generation energy storage devices. Recently, engineering polysulfide redox catalysts (PSRCs) to stabilize and catalytically convert polysulfide intermediates is proposed as an effective strategy to address the grand challenge of “shuttle effects” in the cathode. Therefore, modulating the bond interactions and interface microenvironments and disclosing the structure–performance correlations between polysulfide and catalysts are essential to guide the future cathode design in MSBs. Herein, from a multidisciplinary view, the most recent process in the reaction principles, in situ characterizations, bond interaction modulation, and interface microenvironment optimization of polysulfide redox catalysts, is comprehensively summarized. Especially, unique insights are provided into the strategies for tailoring the bond interactions of PSRCs, such as heteroatom doping, vacancy engineering, heterostructure, coordination structure arrangements, and crystal phase modulation. Furthermore, the importance of interface microenvironments and substrate effects in different PSRCs are exposed, and a detailed comparison is given to unveil the critical parameters for their future developments. Finally, the critical design principles on electrode microenvironments for advanced MSBs are also proposed to stimulate the practically widespread utilization of PSRCs‐equipped cathodes in MSBs. Overall, this review provides cutting‐edge guidance for future developments in high‐energy‐density and long‐life MSBs.
A Simple Preheating‐Pyrolysis Strategy Leading to Superior Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity in Fe‐N/Carbon Black
Authors: Ouyang Chen , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Xun
Published: August 2022

Maintaining the high catalytic activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) while reducing costs is a long‐standing effort to promote the application of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Here, the binding of nitrogen‐containing ligands and carbon black is enhanced by controlling the pyrolysis conditions of a FeSO4, 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen), carbon black mixture, which significantly improves the ORR catalytic activity of the pyrolysis products. Preheating is proposed as a process improvement method using a heat treatment at a temperature between the melting and boiling points of phen before high‐temperature pyrolysis, which achieves an effective combination of phen and carbon black, and enhances the interaction between phen and ferrous ions. This method substantially increases the number of FeNx active centers in the pyrolysis product, resulting in an impressive Fe‐N/C catalyst with half‐wave potential (E1/2) up to 0.93 V and a diffusion‐limited current density (jL) of 5.9 mA cm–2 and no obvious decay after 20 000 cyclic voltammetry cycles in 0.1 m KOH, which are all among the best‐reported data known to date. The interaction between the ratio of Fe/phen and the pyrolysis conditions is also investigated. Under the right conditions, cheap raw materials can also generate highly catalytically active sites.