bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physics-based modelling of junction fires: Sensitivity and Validation studies
Authors: Hassan Ahmad , Accary Gilbert , Sutherland Duncan , Meradji Sofiane , Moinuddin Khalid
Published: October 2022

The process of modelling and replicating extreme fire behaviour like junction fire is essential for understanding the phenomena associated with extreme fires. Numerical simulations of junction fires, replicating laboratory-scale experiments, with no imposed wind, were performed for a shrub fuel bed with slopes ranging from 0Â° to 30Â°. The simulations of junction fires were conducted for two junction angles 30Â° and 45Â°. For each scenario, the sensitivity to a range of numerical and physical parameters was investigated. The rate of spread (ROS) is a key parameter for assessing risks from vegetation fires. Experimental spreading junction fires, conducted at laboratory scale at Coimbra University (Portugal), were simulated using FIRESTAR3D - a three-dimensional physics-based fire model. To ensure the robustness of simulations, sensitivity analyses were carried out by varying the grid resolution, domain size, different fuel characteristics, as well as some of the thermo-physical parameters. The corresponding simulations were carried out using a single and two descriptions levels of the shrub: the vegetation was represented using only one cylindrical-shaped solid-fuel type (excelsior fuel using the characteristic parameters for Erica shrub), or two fuel by adding the contribution of twigs of various diameters up to 6 mm while keeping the same packing ratio. Finally, the validation of FIRESTAR3D simulations was achieved through the comparison of predicted and measured ROS values. The experimental trends of the compared quantities were well reproduced by the simulations. Accelerating and decelerating propagation phases were observed in all simulations, with a dependence on the slope angle, while the maximum rate of spread depends critically on the junction angle. As it was the case of other wildfires simulated by FIRESTAR3D, it was found that this fully-physical model is capable of simulating junction fire propagation. There are several processes associated with the development of a junction fire behaviour, in which dramatic changes in fire behaviour can occur with little change in various fuel, weather and topographical parameters. In a subsequent study, we aim to develop an understanding of junction fire behaviour taking into account essential parameters that affect the behaviour, namely: slope, junction angle, and driving wind velocity.
The FireLoc System - Geolocating Forest Fires with Crowdsourced Data
Authors: Fonte Cidália C. , Cardoso Alberto , Estima Jacinto , Almeida José-Paulo de , Patriarca Joaquim
Published: October 2022

The FireLoc system aims to allow the reporting of forest fires observed by citizens using a dedicated app developed for mobile devices. The collected data includes the observerâ€™s geolocation, a photograph of the observed event, and the orientation of the observer towards the fire. Data above are integrated into the FireLoc system, which also includes other types of georeferenced data about terrain, including, e.g., land cover and slope information. The system processes the collected data and identifies the geolocation of the observed events in almost real-time. This may enable a fast geolocation of the observed events and also assist in the monitoring of a fire progress. This short paper briefly describes the FireLoc System that comprises three components: 1) a data collection component developed for mobile platforms; 2) a data integration and processing component, which processes collected data, assesses the most probable location of the observed event considering the reliability of contributed data; 3) a component for providing information to the general public and institutions, which is developed for both mobile and desktop platforms and allows the monitoring of the reported eventsâ€™ progress.
The FireLoc system - methodologies for geolocating the observed fires
Authors: Fonte Cidália C. , Jesus Ismael , Pereira Cédric , Cardoso Alberto , Estima Jacinto , Patriarca Joaquim , Almeida José-Paulo de
Published: October 2022

The FireLoc system aims at geolocating forest fires observed by the citizens using data uploaded by the citizens using a dedicated app developed for mobile devices. The collected data includes the location of the observer (determined with the Global Navigation Satellite System receiver embedded in the device), the magnetic bearing registered by the mobile device when facing the fire. However, due to the errors that may be associated with the measurement of the magnetic bearing an additional measurement is collected with the app, which is the magnetic bearing measured when the volunteer is facing his/her shadow. Even though the collection of this data is not mandatory at the current version of the app to upload a contribution, it may be very useful to estimate the error associated with the measurement of the magnetic bearing. This short paper describes the process to determine the location of the observed fire with the collected data, without considering the error associated with the measurement of the orientation and when this error is considered along with a fuzzy approach to assess the region where the fire is more likely to be located.
VESPRA-Vulnerable Elements in Spain and Portugal and Risk Assessment
Authors: Lázaro Emilio de Diego , Batalla Jaime Ribalaygua , Miranda Ana , Reis Johnny , Almeida Miguel , Ribeiro Luís Mário , Àgueda Alba , Cuchi Eulalia Planas
Published: October 2022

The VESPRA project (Vulnerable Elements in Spain and Portugal and Risk Assessment), financed by the Union Civil Protection Mechanism UCPM-2020-PP-AG, is designed in a context of increased frequency and intensity of extreme events and emergencies, and in a current context where those responsible for the emergency often do not have sufficiently updated information on vulnerable elements. Indeed, there is cartography of these elements, but it is very quickly becoming outdated. It is therefore necessary to design a strategy that allows continuous updating of this information, and this is one of the main functionalities of the proposed solution in VESPRA. VESPRA arises for the improvement of the risk management mechanisms for local risks such as forest fires, and also for other generic ones like those related to adverse meteorological phenomena or the dispersion of pollutants in wide areas. It is focused on the border area between Spain and Portugal and within the project, an international protocol will be defined for the collection of vulnerable elements and their characterisation regarding different hazards, and for their integration into a GIS-based platform specially designed to optimize their management and continuous updating. VESPRA will result in a system to assist decision-making in the event of an emergency in order to improve the harmonised identification and mapping of vulnerable elements and the integration of vulnerability in a joint information system for the evaluation and assessment of the transnational emergency response. The project targets three end-user groups: (I) the local authorities, (II) the general population, and (III) relevant institutions in civil protection. Although the implementation for demonstration and validation purposes will be actually implemented as a baseline in three study cases, along the transboundary area between Spain and Portugal, VESPRA is developed with an European vocation aimed at the future adoption of the technological and procedural models in other transboundary European regions. These will be international, trans-boundary operational exercises based on the VESPRA system and on simulated scenarios in the selected study case regions. The first one will be a forest fire starting in Spain and moving towards Portugal. The exercise will evaluate the capability of the VESPRA system to help in the joint evaluation of potential risks and the coordination of responding forces, as well as the primary actions for the protection of the population and infrastructures. The second exercise will develop a combination of simultaneous nuclear and industrial emergency, one in each country, and will focus on the ability of VESPRA to provide accurate information and a channel of seamless interchange of key aspects for the ranking, evaluation and final decision making on such combined scenarios.
A study on urban forest fire risk analysis and forest fire management plan suitable for each region -Focus on Nowongu Seoul
Authors: Kim Donghyun
Published: October 2022

The risk of fire in urban forests is high due to housing and living infrastructure adjacent to the forest, resulting in large human and property damage and high frequency of occurrence. It is very important to identify the forest fire environment and potential risk factors for each city in order to manage the forest fire risk in the cities adjacent to the forest. In this study, urban forest fire management measures were suggested by conducting a survey on the causes of forest fires and the entire adjacent forests in Nowon-gu, which has the most urban-forest adjacent areas in terms of administrative districts among Seoul, which has the highest population density in Korea. The forest fire investigation has been conducted for the last 5 years, and in addition to analyzing the forest, topography, and meteorological environment, analysis of fire-vulnerable areas in the event of a forest fire in downtown Seoul was conducted. Eight action plans were presented by dividing the actionable forest fire management into prevention, preparation, and response stages for areas adjacent to forests and areas vulnerable to forest fire risk. First, in prevention, fuel management that can reduce the risk of forest fires, map production and risk reduction management for temples in the forest, and selection of appropriate locations to install forest fire long-distance around monitoring cameras and drone autonomous monitoring stations were suggested. Second, in the preparation stage, a fuel blocking method was presented to establish a safe zone for hiking trails, prepare a mountaineering safety map for forest fire evacuation, and prevent the spread of residential fires in forest interface area. Third, in the response stage, the installation of a multi-purpose outdoor fire hydrant for suppression of forest fires and house fires adjacent to the forest, the activities of forest fire extinguishing vehicles and marking of the entry area, and the establishment of an urban forest disaster integrated control system were suggested.
A satellite-based multi-dimensional approach to identify potential post-fire regime shifts in ecosystem functioning
Authors: Marcos Bruno , Gonçalves João , Alcaraz-Segura Domingo , Cunha Mário , Honrado João P.
Published: October 2022

Wildfires can profoundly impact many aspects of matter flows and energy budgets in ecosystems. Exacerbated by projected shifts in climate, land use, and forest management, changes in fire regimes can lead to decreased ecosystem resilience, regime shifts, and ecosystem collapse. Thorough assessments of ecosystem resilience to wildfires are thus critical to bridge gaps between science, policy, and management. To that end, approaches based on ecosystem functioning offer an integrative view of ecosystem responses to wildfire-induced changes and provide quicker, quantifiable responses to disturbances that are more directly connected to ecosystem services. In that regard, satellite remote sensing can be employed to easily and frequently monitor multiple dimensions of ecosystem functioning over large areas and across time, and to evaluate ecosystem functioning resilience to wildfires. This study describes an approach for identifying potential regime shifts based on satellite-based surrogates of four key dimensions of ecosystem functioning: primary production, water content, albedo, and sensible heat. To that end, we classified the trajectories after wildfires in 2005, in NW Iberian Peninsula, for the 2000â€“2018 period, into five main types, using two metrics of medium-to-long term post-fire recovery. Then, we derived a synthetic indicator to analyse the overall â€œstrength-of-evidenceâ€ of potential regime shifts across dimensions. Potential regime shifts were identified for each dimension of ecosystem functioning considered, with the main effects associated with the sudden removal of vegetation. For primary production, regime shifts may be linked to changes in land cover and use, as well as management. Changes in the concentrations of impervious and radiation-absorbing materials following wildfires may be responsible for regime shifts in water content and albedo, with loss of canopy moisture due to fire-related damage leading to vegetation mortality during post-fire recovery. On the other hand, regime shifts in sensible heat were less frequent, since wildfires tend to have transient effects on this dimension of ecosystem functioning. Overall, our results show that our approach successfully captured different patterns of post-fire recovery and resilience across multiple dimensions of ecosystem functioning. We argue that our approach can provide an enhanced characterization of ecosystem resilience to wildfires, and support the identification of potential regime shifts after such disturbances, ultimately upholding promising implications for post-fire ecosystem management.
Anticipation of future risk due to land cover change and WUI extend. Application to the Baronnies Provençales Regional Natural Parc (France)
Authors: Maillé Eric , Bouillon Christophe
Published: October 2022

We propose a dynamic model to simulate WUI spread at local scale, in order to anticipate fire risk in a sub-mediterranean area up to now little prone to forest fire (the Baronnies ProvenÃ§al Natural Regional Park, France). The model represents two land cover dynamics resulting in WUI change: the scattered buildings spread, and the change in the land cover 'matrix'. This last one is itself represented by three classes of process: state change, i.e. change in attribute values of land cover objects (patches), semantic change, i.e. change in land cover classes of the patches, and geometrical change, i.e. change in the patches population and spatial description. Moreover, these changes are of two types: physical land cover change, and symbolic land use change. Only four matrix land cover classes are considered: agriculture, wildlands, artificialized lands, and 'other'. Each of them have their own dynamic model. They are endowed with two main state attributes: a fuel load index, ranging from 0 (open lands, including grasslands and open agriculture areas) to 1 (forest lands) and a building density index. They are also endowed with two land use attributes: a level of 'nthropogenic pressure', with values ranging from 0 (abandoned lands) to 1 (only anthropogenic dynamics possible), and a level of potential building density, ranging from 0 (no possible installation of buildings), to 1 (possibility to be continuously artificialized). From the outputs of this land cover change senarios, WUI maps are drawn by using the WUIMap model. This one cross fuel aggregation and building density. A proxy indicator of fuel aggregation is derived from the fuel load attribute of the wildland land cover class, while the WUIMap classes of building density may be directly calculated with the scattered buildings spread model outputs. Simulations are calibrated using diachronic mapping. Different scenarios are defined in order to use WUI change simulations as a land management and fire risk management decision support tool. The simulations have no predictive value, but constitute only representations of possible territorial change and spatial distribution of the risk level in relation to different scenarios of land management decisions made.
Application of the Computational Fluid Dynamics in Forest Fires Investigations for Mitigation of the Wildland-Urban Interface
Fires’ Risks
Authors: Modarres MohammadReza , Almeida Miguel
Published: October 2022

Realistic modeling of the vegetation fires based on reliable data from laboratory experiments is a key factor in the prediction of the fire dynamics â€Žbehavior and its spread rate in wildlands. A robust understating of the fire behavior in different species can provide a pragmatic insight to take precautionary steps to mitigate the fire risks in Wildland-urban interfaces. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of â€Žwildland fires â€Žoffers a considerably high load of information needed for engineers and policymakers. This paper addresses the numerical modeling of common Ivy (Hedera helix) and grapevine â€Ž(Vitis)â€Ž plants using the fire dynamics â€Žsimulation for the fire behavior analysis. Other species which authors have conducted experiments are Acacia, Apple tree, Arizona cypress, Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), Blueberry tree (Prunus Spinosa), Cherry Tree, Fig tree, Gum rockrose (Cistus ladanifer), Hydrangea, Kiwi tree, Leyland cypress, Lindens (Tilia), Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), Nerium oleander, Olive tree, Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii), Rhus typhina (Anacardiaceae), The Holly (Ilex Aquifolium), Thuja occidentalis (white cedar), and Wild Blackberry (Rubus Ulmifolius) shrub, in alphabetical order. The corresponding mathematical modelings of these experiments are being carried out by the authors. The current numerical study was performed using the NIST open-source FDS 6.7.7 code, developed by â€Žâ€Žthe National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with specific emphasis on the heat release rate from fires in different types of indigenous plants common in the Mediterranean climate, especially in Portugal. The validations of the numerical results are realized based on the observations from the â€Žexperiments conducted at the LaboratÃ³rio de Estudos Sobre IncÃªndios Florestais (LEIF) by the authors. The large-eddy â€Žsimulation (LES) is used in these sets of simulations to close the turbulence equations in the low-Mach regime. The 2nd order accurate finite difference approximation scheme is used to discretize the governing equations on uniformly spaced three-dimensional staggered grids. The flow obstructions are â€Žtreated using the simple immersed boundary method. Comparing the results of the FDS with those from the practical experiments, it is concluded that mathematical modeling of the vegetation fires can provide reasonably accurate results based on the fuelâ€™s physical and chemical characteristics along with operating boundary conditions.
Basic rules for developing fire sprinkler system in the forest
Authors: Restás Ágoston , Almeida Miguel , Lotfi Saeid , Bodnár László , Viegas Domingos Xavier
Published: October 2022

It is a well-observed phenomenon in developed societies that, in order to return to nature, a part of the society seeks to settle near forests or in the forest creating wildland â€“ urban interface (WUI) areas. It has special features and generates significant risk of fire on the experts try to find responds. In the present study, the authors intend to explore the theoretical foundations of the application of the sprinkler system in forest protecting built environment from fires. Understanding and finding basic rules for the effective sprinkler system application can contribute to reduce the impacts caused by fire. Authors found geometry of circle overlapping generates always problems regarding the effectiveness of sprinkler systems. 50% overlapping in longitudinal axis seems to be acceptable solution. In this case overlapping rate is 78% per circle with 1.6 kg.m-2 water coverage levels and 22% of the circles have 0.8 kg.m-2 water coverage level. Sequentially used system seems good solution for replacing the evaporated water, where 75% of the coverage level is accepted as lowest threshold of the effective rate. As an example, 300 m long protection zone requires 120 sprinkler heads. Building up this zone it requires 1,920 kg of water for wetting up, and then keeping it in service, it requires 7,200 kg.h-1 water. 39% of the service water is lost because it is above the upper limit of effectiveness.
Burnover events identified during the 2018 Camp Fire
Authors: Link Eric D. , Maranghides Alexander
Published: October 2022

The most destructive and deadly wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire in California history burned through communities in Butte County, California on November 8, 2018. Characterized by strong winds, dry fuel conditions, and steep terrain, the fire spread more than 12 km in the first 2 hours after ignition, triggering mass evacuations. The fire destroyed over 18000 structures and caused 85 fatalities, mostly within the first 12 hours of the incident. Extensive data collection was conducted after the fire, gathering detailed first-hand account information from technical discussions with 157 first responders, photos and videos, emergency call recordings, and first responder radio logs, among other data to support an in-depth case study of the incident. Subsequent analysis and data integration yielded a complete timeline reconstruction of the first 24 hours of the event, as well as additional observations of the fire behavior. This report presents novel findings related to 23 identified life-threatening entrapment/burnover events, in which fire trapped or overtook people and compromised escape routes. These events affected the safety of hundreds of civilians and dozens of first responders and occurred throughout the fire area. Many entrapments/burnovers impacted civilians evacuating in heavy traffic on major artery roadways or otherwise blocked evacuation routes and first responder access. Some resulted in injuries and fatalities. As the frequency of fast-moving fires requiring last-minute large-scale evacuations increases, the risk of similar events is high, particularly in intermix communities where the presence of primarily wildland vegetation along evacuation routes and some secondary roadways, likely amplified by local topography and wind, can result in significant entrapments/burnovers.
Fire-spotting modelling: A comparative study of an Italian test case
Authors: López-De-Castro Marcos , Trucchia Andrea , Cella Umberto Morra di , Fiorucci Paolo , Cardillo Antonio , Pagnini Gianni
Published: October 2022

Wildfire propagation is a non-linear and multiscale system in which there are involved multiple physical and chemical processes. One critical mechanism in the spread of wildfires is the so-called fire-spotting: a random phenomenon which occurs when embers are transported over large distances by the wind, causing the start of new spotting ignitions which jeopardize fire fighting actions. Due to its nature, fire-spotting is usually modeled as a probabilistic process. Three principal processes are involved during the fire-spotting: firebrands generation, transport and landing, and spot ignition. In this work, the physical parametrization of fire-spotting RandomFront (Trucchia et al. 2019) has been implemented into the operational wildfire spread simulator PROPAGATOR (Trucchia et al. 2020), that is based on a cellular automata approach. In the RandomFront parametrization the downwind landing distribution of firebrands is modeled by the means of a lognormal distribution, which is parameterized taking into account the physics involved in the phenomenon. The considered physical parameters are wind field, fire-line intensity, fuel density, firebrand radius, maximum loftable height, as well as factors related to atmospheric stability and flame geometry (Trucchia et al. 2019; Egorova et al. 2020,2022). We have reproduced the evolution of a wildfire occured in Italy, in which the fire-spotting effects played a critical role in its spread, to test how RandomFront is able to reproduce it accurately. In addition, we have already implemented some established fire-spotting empirical parametrizations for cellular automata-based wildfire models to compare also the performance between the three firebrand landings models. The results show that the RandomFront parametrization on the one hand reproduces the main spotting effects given by the available literature parametrizations (Alexandridis et al. 2011; Perryman et al. 2013), while, on the other hand, generates a variety of fire-spotting situations as well as long range fluctuations of the burning probability. The physical parametrization allows for complex patterns of fire spreading in this operational simulator context.
Gas cylinder accidents and incidents during Wildland Urban-Interface fires: an overview of the events
Authors: Barbosa Thiago F. , Reis Luís , Raposo Jorge , Ribeiro Luís Mário , Viegas Domingos Xavier
Published: October 2022

Accidents related to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) stored at Wildland Urban-Interface (WUI) areas occurred in Portugal during the large wildfires in 2016 and 2017, and in other countries. These events are mainly related to cylinders placed close to forest fuels and artificial fuels. This work is a review aimed at presenting an overview about the cases related to accidents with LPG stored at WUI fires. Some cases were presented, as well as the effects caused to infrastructures and people. Recommendations for users were made regarding information gathered in the cases.
Distancia y dirección como parámetros formales en la evaluación de mapas mentales. Los resultados de su aplicación a las Islas Baleares (España) en la percepción de los futuros maestros
Authors: Sebastián Jaume Binimelis , Ordinas Garau Antoni
Published: October 2022

El estudio del conocimiento geográfico de escolares, estudiantes y futuros maestros a través del análisis de mapas mentales ha sido, desde siempre, una de las principales líneas de trabajo de la Geografía cognitiva. En este trabajo se incide de nuevo en ello, con el estudio de mapas mentales elaborados por estudiantes universitarios del grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria sobre las Islas Baleares. En concreto, la aportación tiene como objetivo abordar, con una metodología cuantitativa (análisis de conglomerados y distancia taxonómica), parámetros formales (distancia entre islas y la dirección angular de las islas menores respecto a Mallorca) como indicadores de la precisión con los que han sido realizados. Los resultados obtenidos validan la metodología utilizada y ponen de manifiesto que ambas variables, aparentemente independientes, están correlacionadas, lo que supone un peldaño más en una investigación más vasta sobre una metodología válida para el análisis de los mapas mentales que pretende demostrar la interrelación entre forma y contenido en las imágenes mentales de los estudiantes.
An Ex-Ante Assessment of Pakistan-UK Free Trade Agreement on Pakistan's Trade Revenue and Welfare
Authors: Secretariat Commonwealth
Published: October 2022

The UK is engaged in signing numerous free trade agreements (FTAs) with its trading partners following its withdrawal from the European Union (‘Brexit’).

There is growing concern from the Government of Pakistan on the future of sustainable preferential trade with the UK. Although Pakistan’s products currently have market access to the UK under the enhanced GSP, there is no certainty on the sustainability of trade under this framework/trade regime.
Climate Finance Mapping for NDC Implementation in Zambia
Authors: Secretariat Commonwealth
Published: October 2022

This report presents the objectives of and rationale for the NDC climate finance mapping, an overview of the climate finance landscape in Zambia and short-, medium- and long-term actions for climate finance towards NDC implementation.
The methodological approach used included a literature review and content analysis of technical, scientific and policy documents related to NDCs, green investment and climate finance and interrogation of data from the Ministries of Finance, National Development Planning, and Lands and Natural Resources.
One dimensional normal consolidation line equation
Authors: Al-Badran Yasir M. , Baille Wiebke , Schanz Tom
Published: October 2022

Many empirical equations have been proposed in the past to predict the parameters of the one-dimensional normal consolidation line (1D-NCL) for soils. However, applications of these equations are limited to specific range of pressure and plasticity soils. General empirical equations for 1D-NCL for large range of pressure and plasticity soils are presented in this study. It is assumed that the 1D-NCL has up to three slopes and these slopes start at different stresses depending on liquid limit (LL) of soils. The 1D-NCL of 59 different soils for a large range of LL (19–520%) was used to establish the initial part of 1D-NCL. The soils were categorized based on their LL into two groups: (i) LL < 110% and (ii) LL > 110%. The equations for initial part of 1D-NCL were compared with the previous empirical 1D-NCL equations. The comparisons showed that the new 1D-NCL equations have a better agreement with tests results, especially for highly plastic soils. Moreover, two soils with different plasticity were used to verify the new 1D-NCL equations. The verifications showed a good agreement between the experimental and the predicted results.
Perceptions and use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients with precocious puberty
Authors: Odabasi Gunes Sevinc
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widespread. This study aimed to investigate the use of CAM in children with central precocious puberty (PP) who used gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) treatment.

Methods

Parents of 108 patients who were diagnosed as having PP were involved in the study. A questionnaire was administered to the parents during follow-ups. The patients were divided into two groups according to the use of CAM.

Results

Forty (37%) patients had used CAM. Parents who graduated from primary school tended not to use CAM (χ
2
=10.463; p=0.015). There was no other statistically significant difference between the sociodemographic features (p>0.05). The most common information source was physicians (40%). Seventy-five percentage of CAM users and 44.1% of non-CAM users knew/heard about herbal medicine (χ
2
=8.517; p=0.004) and herbal medicine was the most common type of CAM used. 80% of parents in the CAM group and 54.4% of parents in the non-CAM group knew at least one biologically based therapy that had estrogenic activity (χ
2
=6.082; p=0.014). Seventy-one percentage of parents in the CAM group and 29% of parents in the non-CAM group stated that they would consider using CAM in the future (χ
2

=16.979; p<0.001).

Conclusions

The use of CAM among patients with PP is high. Although most CAM therapies are harmless, there may be adverse effects or drug interactions with current conventional treatment in children. Health professionals should be aware and inquire about the use and type of CAM, considering the medical history at every patient encounter.
Transformation in Gender Narrative in the Context of Globalization – Study on the Screen Image of Mulan
Authors: Xu Fangyi
Published: October 2022

In the context of globalization, the Chinese story of Mulan has moved from China to the world, providing an important case for feminist film criticism. From the perspective of film narratives of female characters, intertextual narratives about Mulan reveal the neutral change in the female narratives from the male “gaze”, gender role anxiety and female self-awakening, transcending traditional gender role norms. From the perspective of the gender narrative of the role relationship in the movie, the gender role relationship shifts from implicit patriarchy to a new relationship involving equal dialogue between gender roles. The inner strength of the development of feminist films in the context of globalization is the result of the strong willingness of female directors who want to create narratives of independent women and audiences who desire new images of independent women.
Militância política e cultura em Antonio Gramsci
Authors: BOUTIN A. C. B. D. , FLACH S. F.
Published: October 2022

Based on research into Antonio Gramsci’s writings, the following text has aimed to analyze the relationship between political militancy and culture. To do so, it identifies how the categories of culture and political militancy reveal themselves in texts published in the Avanti and Il grido del popolo journals, as well as in the socialist journal L’Ordine Nuovo, and how these responded to the political landscape of the time. Such an examination contextualizes the life and thoughts of Antonio Gramsci prior to his imprisonment in 1926 and reveals the presence of the culture category in conjunction with political militancy. Finally, the study points to how the writings emphasize culture alongside the construction of a workers’ state.
A Slow Disaster Historical Experiment
Authors: Knowles Scott Gabriel , Steere-Williams Jacob
Published: October 2022

Looking at the pandemic in the long historical view of “slow disasters” shows how it is a continuation of previous health emergencies rather than a discrete event. The tendency of politicians to prematurely declare an end to the pandemic has not helped improve public trust in health policy.
Potensi Antidiabetik Ekstrak Kulit Lidah Buaya Pada Tikus Hiperglikemik yang Diinduksi Aloksan
Authors: Susanti R. , Rohmah Amalia Nor , Yuniastuti Ari
Published: October 2022

Hiperglikemia menyebabkan tingginya radikal bebas sehingga terjadi stres oksidatif. Pada kondisi tersebut, perlu antioksidan eksogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemberian ekstrak kulit lidah buaya terhadap kadar malondialdehid (MDA) dan kadar superoksid dismutase (SOD) tikus hiperglikemia yang induksi aloksan. Sebanyak 25 ekor tikus strain Wistar jantan diambil secara acak dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok pertama sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif (K-). Kelompok kedua adalah kontrol positif (K+), hanya diberi aloksan. Kelompok ketiga (KP I), keempat (KP II) dan kelima (KP III), diberi aloksan dan ekstrak kulit lidah buaya berturut-turut dosis 87,5 mg/kgBB, 175 mg/kgBB) dan 350 mg/kgBB. Aloksan sebagai inducer hiperglikemia diberikan secara Intra Peritoneal dosis 120 mg/kgBB. Setelah 4-7 hari, diberi ekstrak kulit lidah buaya secara oral selama 28 hari. Data MDA dan SOD masing-masing dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji Anova, dan dilanjutkan uji Turkey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan kadar MDA dan SOD antara kelompok kontrol positif dan kelompok perlakuan. Potensi ekstrak kulit lidah buaya sebagai antidiabetik, ditunjukkan dengan menurunnya kadar MDA dan meningkatnya kadar SOD tikus hiperglikemik. Dosis ekstrak kulit lidah buaya yang paling efektif adalah 350 mg/kgBB (KP III), sehingga kadar MDA dan SOD tidak berbeda nyata dengan kelompok kontrol negatifHyperglycemia causes oxidative stress by free radicals. Exogenous antioxidants are needed to offset the impact. This research would observe Aloe vera peel extract to malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) level of diabetic rat. A total of 25 male Wistar rats were taken randomly and divided into 5 groups. The first group as a negative control group (K-). The second group is positive control (K +), given alloxan only. The third (KP I), fourth (KP II) and fifth (KP III) group were given alloxan and aloe vera pell extract at a dose of 87.5mg/kgBW, 175mg/kgBW and 350mg/kgBW, respectively. Alloxan as an inducer of hyperglycemia, was given intra-peritoneally at a dose of 120mg/kgBW. After 4-7 days, the aloe vera peel extract was given orally for 28 days. MDA and SOD data were statistically analyzed with the Anova test, followed by the Turkey test. The results showed a significant difference in MDA and SOD levels between the positive control group and the treatment group. The potential of aloe vera peel extract as an antidiabetic was shown by decreasing MDA levels and increasing levels of SOD in hyperglycemic rats. The most effective dose of aloe vera peel extract was 350mg/kgBW, it was able to reduce MDA and increase SOD until it was not significantly different from the negative control group.
Peramalan Volatilitas Risiko Berinvestasi Saham Menggunakan Metode GARCH–M dan ARIMAX–GARCH
Authors: Pradewita Wella Cintya , Dwidayati Nur Karomah , Sugiman Sugiman
Published: October 2022

Model GARCH–M merupakan pengembangan model GARCH yang dimasukkan variansi bersyarat ke dalam persamaan mean. Model ARIMAX–GARCH merupakan penggabungan model ARIMAX dan GARCH. Kedua model tersebut dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah heteroskedastisitas pada data. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan model terbaik untuk peramalan volatilitas risiko berinvestasi saham. Penelitian ini menggunakan literature dengan tahapan perumusan masalah, pengumpulan data, pengolahan dan analisis data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Dalam analisis dan pembahasan meliputi statistika deskriptif, uji stasioneritas, pembentukan dan menentukan model terbaik kedua model, pembandingan kedua model, dan peramalan volatilitas saham. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh model terbaik untuk peramalan volatilitas saham yaitu GARCH (1,1) – M dengan nilai MAPE=118,0299 lebih kecil dibanding nilai MAPE pada model ARIMAX (2,1,2)– GARCH (1,1) =191,3115. Berdasarkan model terbaik tersebut diperoleh hasil peramalan volatilitas saham sebesar 0,07629 dan apabila dana yang dialokasikan oleh investor saham sebesar Rp 200.000.000, 00 maka nilai VaR yang diperoleh sebesar Rp 85.615.826,00.GARCH-M is an expansion of the GARCH model that entered conditional variance into the mean equation. ARIMAX - GARCH is combination of ARIMAX model and GARCH model. Both models can be used to solve the problem of heteroscedasticity on data. The purpose of this research was to find the best model for forecasting of the risk of investing in stocks. The method of this research was problem formulation, data collection, data processing and analysis, and conclusions. In the analysis and discussion include descriptive statistics, stationary test, estimate and determine the best models of both models, comparison of both models, and stock volatility forecasting. The results of this research obtained the best model for forecasting of stock volatility is GARCH (1,1) - M with MAPE value = 118.0299 smaller than MAPE value of ARIMAX (2,1,2) - GARCH (1,1) = 191, 3115. Based on the best model is obtained forecasting of stock volatility is 0.07629 and if the fund allocated by investors are Rp 200,000,000.00, so the value of VaR obtained Rp 85.615.826,00.
Studi Komputasi Aktivitas Senyawa Turunan Santon Sebagai Antikanker Leukemia Myeloid Kronik K562
Authors: Agustina Lestari , Kasmui Kasmui
Published: October 2022

Analisis hubungan kuantitatif struktur aktivitas (HKSA) terhadap 10 senyawa turunan santon telah dilakukan berdasarkan metode regresi multilinier. Jenis deskriptor yang digunakan adalah deskriptor sterik, deskriptor hidrofobik, dan deskriptor elektronik. Terhadap setiap senyawa dilakukan optimasi geometri dengan metode DFT B3LYP bassis set 6-31G*, kemudian dihitung nilai deskriptornya menggunakan software MarvinBeans dan NWChem. Data aktivitas antikanker IC50 diperoleh dari literatur dan dinyatakan sebagai Log 1/IC50. Data perhitungan deskriptor diolah menggunakan IBM SPSS 21, diperoleh persamaan KHSA sebagai berikut: Log 1/IC50 = 2,759+0,001 Indeks Wiener-8,306 Gap HOMO-LUMO + 0,202Log P + 0,017 PSA + 35,995 LUMO-0,437 Indeks Balaban -0,021 Indeks Harary +0,001Indeks Szeged, dengan n= 10; R=1,00 ; R2=1,00 ; SE= 0; PRESS= 0,00. Dari persamaan HKSA didapatkan prediksi senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker, yaitu senyawa 6-etoksi-3,4,5,8-tetrahidroksi-2,7-dimetoksi-santon dengan nilai Log 1/IC¬50 4,24588.Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of 10 xanthone derivatives was carried out based on the multilinier regression method. The types of descriptors used are steric descriptors, hydrophobic descriptors, and electronic descriptors. Geometry optimization is done with each DFT B3LYP bassist set 6-31G * method, then the descriptor values are calculated using MarvinBeans and NWChem software. IC50 anticancer activity data were obtained from literature and stated as Log 1 / IC50. Descriptor calculation data is processed using IBM SPSS 21. Obtained by the QSAR equation as follows: Log 1/IC50 = 2,759+0,001 Indeks Wiener-8,306 Gap HOMO-LUMO + 0,202Log P + 0,017 PSA + 35,995 LUMO-0,437 Indeks Balaban -0,021 Indeks Harary +0,001Indeks Szeged, with n= 10; R=1,00 ; R2=1,00 ; SE= 0; PRESS= 0,00. From the QSAR equation, prediction of potential compounds as anticancer is 6-etoxy-3,4,5,8-tetrahidroxy-2,7-dimetoxy-xhanthone dengan with Log 1/IC50 values 4.245881.
Penyelesaian Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) Menggunakan Algoritma Cat Swarm Optimization
Authors: Fitriyani Eka Retna , Rosyida Isnaini , Mashuri Mashuri
Published: October 2022

Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) adalah masalah penjadwalan proyek yang harus memenuhi Precedence Constraint dan Resource constraint. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui penerapan penggunaan Algoritma Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) untuk penjadwalan proyek dan simulasi penjadwalan proyek yang optimal pada beberapa kasus RCPSP. Penelitian ini menggunakan CSO dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan dengan bantuan software Matlab. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Algoritma CSO yang diawali dengan membuat solusi RCPSP yang valid dan dihitung maskepannya. Bangkitkan sebanyak N kucing, termasuk kucing dengan solusi valid. Evaluasi kucing sesuai dengan posisi tiap kegiatan. Berdasarkan N kucing yang diperoleh hitung nilai maskepannya. Selanjutnya, pindahkan kucing sesuai dengan MR dalam seeking mode dan tracing mode. Evaluasi kembali posisi setiap kucing untuk menyimpan kucing dengan nilai fitness terkecil. Akhiri algoritma dengan mengambil solusi yang memiliki fitness terkecil. Kasus RCPSP dengan solusi valid yang memiliki nilai maskepan yang masih jauh dari nilai maskepan terkecil yang bisa diperoleh menghasilkan solusi yang berbeda-beda setiap kali program dijalankan sehingga diperlukan beberapa kali simulasi untuk memastikan solusi yang didapatkan benar-benar memiliki maskepan terkecil. Bila solusi valid yang dibuat memiliki maskepan yang telah mendekati maskepan terkecil yang bisa diperoleh, maka program akan menghasilkan solusi yang sama setiap program dijalankan.
Analisis Citra Hasil Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM EDX) Komposit Resin Timbal dengan Metode Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR)
Authors: Septiano Alvin Fachrully , Susilo Susilo , Setyaningsih Natalia Erna
Published: October 2022

Bahan resin timbal menjadi bahan alternatif dari bahan proteksi radiasi. Scanning Electron Microscopy Electron Dispersive X-ray (SEM EDX) banyak digunakan sebagai karakterisai suatu material karena mampu mendapatkan hasil topologi dan nilai konsentrasi atomik dari suatu bahan. Dalam penelitian dilakukan uji SEM EDX dengan sampel resin timbal berbentuk serbuk dengan variasi komposisi resin dan timbal asetat sebesar 0;100, 90;10, 70;30, dan 50;50. Hasil scan EDX menunjukkan komposisi 50;50 memiliki kandungan timbal lebih besar sehingga mampu menjadi bahan proteksi yang baik. Sedangkan uji SEM menghasilkan data berupa citra yang dilakukan perbesaran sebesar 3000, 5000 dan 10.000x. hasil analisis citra SEM menggunakan metode Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) menghasilkan rata-rata nilai CNR pada perbesaran 3000, 5000 dan 10.000 kali adalah 8.085, 11.0425, dan 18.495. Dari hasil rata-rata nilai CNR dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai CNR paling besar pada citra dengan perbesaran 10.000 kali dan dari hasil pengamatan visual citra dengan perbesaran 10.000 kali memiliki detail yang lebih baik dibandingkan perbesaran lainnya sehingga peneliti lebih mudah menentukan objek dan background.
Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Daun Cassava Terhadap Larva Artemia salina Leach dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test
Authors: Putri Rizki Budiyono , Nugrahaningsih WH , Dewi Nur Kusuma
Published: October 2022

Daun cassava (singkong; Manihot esculenta) merupakan salah satu bahan tanaman yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai obat herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui nilai LC50 ekstrak aquades daun singkong yang diuji toksisitas terhadap Artemia salina Leach dengan metode brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Jenis penelitian experimental dengan Post Test-Only Grup Design. Populasi hewan uji pada penelitian ini adalah larva Artemia salina Leach. Sampel diambil dengan kriteria inklusi larva berusia 48 jam dan tidak tampak cacat secara anatomi, dan secara eksklusi menunjukkan aktivitas pergerakan sebelum perlakuan. Variabel bebas penelitian yaitu ekstrak daun singkong dengan konsentrasi 0 µg/ml, 1 µg/ml, 2 µg/ml, 5 µg/ml dan 10 µg/ml. Serta tingkat kematian larva Artemia salina Leach sebagai variabel tergantung. Data pada penelitian ini didapatkan dari jumlah larva udang yang mati 24 jam setelah perlakuan. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini, ditemukan 2 kematian pada kelompok perlakuan dosis 1 µg/ml, 1 kematian pada kelompok perlakuan dosis 2 µg/ml, 12 kematian pada kelompok perlakuan dosis 5 µg/ml, dan 3 kematian pada kelompok perlakuan dosis 10 µg/ml. Selanjutnya dari data kematian yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis probit pada SPSS 21.0 for windows untuk dihitung nilai LC50 nya. Setelah dianalisis pada SPSS diperoleh nilai LC50 untuk ekstrak aquades daun singkong adalah sebesar 493,86 µg/ml.
Pemrograman Non Linear dengan Pendekatan Separable Programming dan Lagrange Multiplier dalam Penetapan Biaya Produksi Optimal Lanting di “Lanting Bumbu An-Nisa”
Authors: Arindita Tamara , Mashuri Mashuri , Veronika Rahayu Budhiati
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan masalah pemrograman nonlinear dalam menetapkan biaya produksi optimal lanting di “Lanting Bumbu An-Nisa” dengan pendekatan Separable Programming dan Lagrange Multiplier. Separable programming merupakan suatu pendekatan penyelesaian masalah nonlinear dengan mentrasformasikan bentuk nonlinear menjadi bentuk linear yang memuat satu variabel, sedangkan Lagrange Multiplier dengan cara membentuk sebuah fungsi baru. Hasil dari Separable Programming diperoleh solusi bahwa “Lanting Bumbu An-Nisa” harus memproduksi 500 kemasan lanting rasa bawang, 500 kemasan lanting rasa keju, 500 kemasan lanting rasa pedas manis, dan 500 kemasan lanting rasa jagung dengan biaya total sebesar Rp 11.242.517,3. Dengan Lagrange Multiplier diperoleh solusi bahwa “Lanting Bumbu An-Nisa” harus memproduksi 533 kemasan lanting rasa bawang, 507 kemasan lanting rasa keju, 505 kemasan lanting rasa pedas manis, dan 455 kemasan lanting rasa jagung dengan biaya produksi sebesar Rp 11.213.943,6. Berdasakan penelitian, diperoleh bahwa metode Lagrange Multiplier lebih optimal dalam penentuan produksi lanting dibandingkan dengan Separable Programming.
Komparasi Aktivitas Fotokatalitik Ni/TiO2 dan Zn/TiO2 untuk Dekomposisi Air Menjadi H2
Authors: Priatmoko Sigit , Prambasto Satrio B.U
Published: October 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian produksi gas hidrogen dari dekomposisi air menggunakan fotokatalitik Ni/Zn-TiO2 sebagai sumber energi alternatif yang ramah lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari pengaruh dopan logam Zn dan Ni pada padatan TiO2 terhadap aktivitas dekomposisi air untuk menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara impregnasi TiO2 Degussa P25 ke dalam larutan seng asetat dan nikel asetat, kemudian dikalsinasi pada temperatur yang bervariasi. Fotokatalis yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi lebih lanjut meliputi: celah pita, kristalinitas dan SEM. Uji aktivitas fotokatalitik dilakukan di dalam reaktor, dengan menyinari air bebas mineral yang telah diberi fotokatalis menggunakan sinar tampak dan sinar UV. Produk hidrogen dianalisis dengan Gas Chromatography (GC) menggunakan detektor TCD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dopan Zn dan Ni pada TiO2 dapat meningkatkan produksi gas H2. Dopan logam Ni memiliki pengaruh yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan logam Zn. Diduga hal ini disebabkan efek yang dihasilkan oleh celah pita dopan Ni lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan dopan Zn.