bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact Of Defensive Covering Of Anti-Inflamatory Medicine Tablets With Acrylatemethacrylate Copolymers On Tablet Crumbling Times And Disintegration Rates
Authors: Farida Boutaiba
Published: June 2020

Tablets of headache medicine (a dampness degradable medication) have been film covered with two undifferentiated from Eudragit RL and RS copolymers assigned here as An and B which vary just in their cation content in the proportion 2:1 (A:B). An, is in this manner more hydrophilic than B. The tablets were film covered with ethanol arrangements of these two polymers. Film covering with either An or B fundamentally decreased the dampness take-up possibilities of the tablets however caused an expansion in the breaking down occasions of the tablets and hindered disintegration rates. The mean deterioration times were 0.5±0.1 min (uncoated tablets), 16±2.5 min (tablets covered with An) and 115±3.6 min (tablets covered with B). The relating disintegration rates % h - 1 were 28.3 for uncoated, 16.6, covered with An and 14.8, covered with B, separately. Subsequently, covering with polymer B impressively impeded the crumbling and disintegration properties of the tablets.
Eye behavior predicts susceptibility to visual distraction during internally directed cognition
Authors: Annerer-Walcher Sonja , Körner Christof , Beaty Roger E. , Benedek Mathias
Published: June 2020

When we engage in internally directed cognition (e.g., planning or imagination), our eye behavior decouples from external stimuli and couples to internal representations (e.g., internal visualizations of ideas). Here, we investigated whether eye behavior predicts the susceptibility to visual distraction during internally directed cognition. To this end, participants performed a divergent thinking task, which required internally directed attention, and we measured distraction in terms of attention capture by unrelated images. We used multilevel mixed models to predict visual distraction by eye behavior right before distractor onset. In Study 1 (N = 38), visual distraction was predicted by increased saccade and blink rate, and higher pupil dilation. We replicated these findings in Study 2 using the same task, but with less predictable distractor onsets and a larger sample (N = 144). We also explored whether individual differences in susceptibility to visual distraction were related to cognitive ability and task performance. Taken together, variation in eye behavior was found to be a consistent predictor of visual distraction during internally directed cognition. This highlights the relevance of eye parameters as objective indicators of internal versus external attentional focus and distractibility during complex mental tasks.
Theoretical principles of budget transfers as an instrument of public welfare financial regulation
Authors: HORYN Volodymyr , BULAVYNETS Viktoriia
Published: June 2020

The budget transfers are widely used as a tool for financial regulation of public welfare in the market economy. At the same time, there aren't many scientific publications on this problem. The theoretical basis for the use of social budget transfers has not been fully elaborated. There is not the united approach to understanding the nature, features of social budget transfers, their classification. The purpose of the paper is to deepen the understanding of the essence of the social budget transfers, to characterize their immanent features and approaches to their classification. The methodological basis of the paper is a dialectical approach to the scientific knowledge of the social budget transfers, which involves the application of general and specific scientific research methods. The paper reveals the differences between the Ukrainian and foreign science in the study of social budget transfers. It is justified that in the Ukrainian financial science the budget transfers are mainly considered as an instrument of intergovernmental relations and support of local budgets. Instead, the role of budget transfers in public welfare providing is not studied enough. It is proposed to differentiate budget transfers into external and internal (intergovernmental), which are the varieties of social budget transfers. It is found that the key features of social budget transfers are that they have a motivational component and also characterize cash flow from the budget to final recipients, such as individuals or households. As part of social budget transfers, it is proposed to separate the specific and block, depending on the clarity of the established restrictions on their purpose.
Investment management under the legislative regulation of Ukraine (the case of IT companies)
Authors: KUZNIK Andrii
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Development of the information technology industry in Ukraine under economic crisis proves the relevance of research on further increase in investment in this area. The proper management of investment processes requires sophisticated methods fostering the information and technological revolution and being a decisive factor in overcoming the crisis.
The purpose of the paper is to establish the relationship between the stages of investment management when creating an innovative product in the field of information technology under the stable and uniform investment legislation. The use of deductive method, analysis and synthesis allowed solving the task according to the purpose of the study.
Results. The study of the investment law evolution in Ukraine in terms of investment policy, principles of investment activity and objects of investment activity allowed determining its impact on the investment climate. Certain steps are defined to improve the latter with regard to the international norms implementation in Ukraine. The positive aspects of the investment legislation norms that regulate investment relations and issues complicating the legal regulation of investor protection at the level of investment organization at the enterprise are analyzed. The conclusion is drawn on the investment management peculiarities in the production process of the IT enterprise taking into account both the innovation product nature and the adaptability of the investment organization model to the environment of external legal norms defined for the object, its services or IT services and internal management regulations based on key reference management systems (ISO). Ensuring the proper investment management creates strategic value for the enterprise, investors and users of the innovative product.
Conclusion. As established, under the proper investment process management for the innovative product development, IT enterprises can achieve their strategic development goals and enhance competitiveness. The investment management model for IT enterprise is suggested, which contains four stages of the investment process: research of potential investment market in the field of IT, preparatory work to introduce investments in production, investing in innovative product development (IT), displaying of investment results. Internal factors (components) are provided for each of the steps to ensure the result of investment development.
Improvement of the method of factor analysis of efficiency of using the material resources
Authors: RUBAN Lina
Published: June 2020

Introduction. It is necessary to carry out systematic accounting and qualitative analysis to maintain a sufficient level of provision of the enterprise with material resources and their efficient use. Issues of analysis of material resources are of great practical importance and significant impact on production activities, as it is a prerequisite for further development of production in enterprises.
The purpose of the paper is to study the relationship between profit, sales revenue and material costs and to create a factor model of material profitability.
Results. The paper investigates various author's approaches to the formation of a system of indicators of analysis of efficiency of material resources, as a result of which it was found that most experts focus on assessing the efficiency of production consumption of material resources, and use such indicators as specific consumption of materials, return materials, the ratio of the growth rate of manufactured (sold) products and material costs, the share of material costs in operating costs. At the same time, the ability of material resources, transforming into material costs, to generate income (material yield), is almost not studied. However, the efficiency of material resources is determined not only by the rationality of their use in the production process. In market conditions, in order to maintain a high level of competitiveness of the enterprise, it is advisable to study the ability of material resources to generate income and profit. For this purpose, you can use indicators of inventory turnover, material yield and material profitability. The transformation of the material profitability formula made it possible to show the dependence of this indicator on material profitability and profitability of sales.
Conclusion. For effective management of resource potential of the enterprise it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to estimate the level of efficiency of use of material resources; to study the change of generalized and private indicators that affect the efficiency of material resources; to investigate the influence of individual factors on the level of efficiency of materials use. The presented factor model of material profitability allows to reveal the reasons of change of this indicator and to draw qualitative conclusions of use of material resources at the enterprise.
Strategic approaches for income management of the enterprise
Authors: PANCHENKO Mariia , TRUBAIEVA Anna
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Development of market economy requires from Ukrainian enterprises a rational and economically sound approach to planning their activities, the definition of a strategy to increase the company's income, analysis and evaluation of the results obtained. One of the most important components of the company's financial policy strategy is to maximize income. The category of income is one of the most difficult in economic science. It remains one of the most controversial today, which requires its deepening and specification. Revenue plays a leading role in the financial mechanism of socio-economic development management.
The purpose of the paper is consideration of strategic approaches to management of incomes of the enterprise and definition of importance of maintenance of high efficiency of a control system of incomes of the enterprises.
Results. The basis of the strategic management of enterprise income is the development strategy of their development. The process of selecting the strategy of income development should be based on the previous development of specific strategic alternatives. The constant priority in setting goals of the industrial enterprise, which is strategically focused on sustainable competitiveness, is to achieve and maintain a certain acceptable threshold level of income, below which it should not be reduced. The income management approach has been formulated to focus the efforts of all participants on creating products of greater value at fixed or even lower costs.
Conclusion. For increase of efficiency of activity of the enterprise and its strategic development in the future, there is a necessity for development of strategy of management of the enterprise directed on improvement of the mechanism of reception and use of incomes. It has been determined that the income of the enterprise is the most important category on which the enterprise will continue to function.
Internet banking is a saving time in the XXI century
Authors: ZHAM Olena , PYROZHENKO Yuliia
Published: June 2020

The paper is devoted to the interpretation, analysis, history of Internet banking development. Several options of technological side development of financial and credit institutions are considered: mobile applications, POS-terminals, terminals for cashless payments. The current state of development of the Internet banking system in Ukraine is also indicated, the advantages of remote customer service are explained, statistics are given.
The development of financial relations, a significant breakthrough in technology in recent years, the emergence of plastic payment cards, the improvement of the Internet - all this has given a great impetus to financial institutions, their cooperation with customers, improved service. The new generation of banking allows to improve the work not only of financial and credit institutions, but also of clients. This scientific research deserves attention and is relevant in today's conditions.
In the XXI century, the question of the importance of time and efficiency of its use becomes very relevant. Thus, the banking system of Ukraine allows people to use as little time as possible to solve important issues, such as: payment for utilities, purchase of tickets for any transport, transfer of funds to the card, replenishment of mobile account, interest on the loan and more.
In today's world, internet banking is one of the main ways to solve personal financial issues as quickly as possible and at any time. These are not only self-service terminals, but also special sites of banks, mobile applications. In Ukraine, state-owned banks, as well as almost every commercial financial institution allows its customers to solve any issues via the Internet. Thus, with the help of the mobile application you can take a loan, invest money in a deposit, pay for utilities, transfer money to another account or replenish the account of a mobile operator, etc. Internet banking is convenience, efficiency and time saving.
In this regard, an important area of development of Ukrainian banks is the development, implementation and development of high-tech remote service. The market of online banking in Ukraine is actively moving forward, but modern world trends are creating areas for further improvement. The popularity of remote banking motivates the study of theoretical and practical aspects of its implementation and operation, which indicates the relevance of the issues addressed in this paper.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND FINANCIAL LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE STATE BUDGET IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
Authors: Goleva Valentina , Mircheva Vesela
Published: June 2020

The study examines the role and place of the two major political institutions, namely government and parliament, in the preparation and adoption of the state budget. The importance of the state budget for the implementation of the political program for the management of the government, as well as the need for its public discussion in the parliament, is substantiated. That is why the annual state budget is adopted in the legal form of the law and the legislative procedure for its adoption is followed, focusing on its specifics. An analysis is presented of the position of the state budget in the budget system of the Republic of Bulgaria, and in particular – in the consolidated fiscal system. The legal regulation of the budgetary process is also examined, and its stages are monitored.
THE ENTERPRISE MEMORY IN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT OF MODERN ORGANIZATION
Authors: Shemyatikhina Larisa
Published: June 2020

The article considers the corporate memory of the organization as a modern management tool. Intuitive management of a modern organization comes to a new basic competence and the main competitive advantage of business in conditions of innovation and crises – knowledge management. Corporate memory of a modern organization as a structural element of knowledge management allows to increase efficiency of use of the experience of the organization itself, to ensure transition of corporate knowledge when changing generations of managers and employees of the organization, to reduce costs of access to sources of information.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Bogdanova Mariela
Published: June 2020

The current topic focuses on the new social vision and challenges after the adoption of legislation on the social and solidarity economy in Bulgaria, as well as on the opportunities for access to financing and institutional support for social enterprises.
The progress made is seen in a broader perspective, including not only statistics on the number of social enterprises self-identified, but also proven social added value and entered in the Register of social enterprises. Tracking the challenges is in the context of the process and the employment and human resources options and the provision of a supportive environment for the sustainable development of social enterprises. Although 2019 has emerged as a strong startup community, we still don’t have startups for social entrepreneurship. This, of course, does not mean that Bulgaria lacks successful models of social enterprises that provide employment for persons from different vulnerable groups and answer questions related to the social impact and benefits of applying the principles of the social economy. The European Union today, more than ever, emphasizes its new social vision, based on opportunity and solidarity.
The ways to overcome stress in student learning activity
Authors: Yurtsenyuk O. S.
Published: June 2020

Background. Stress is an integral part in the life of a contemporary man. The problem of stress is especially acute in the field of higher professional activity. Student learning activity has been always associated with a high level of stressful tension. In case of a long stress effect and when students do not have skills of its positive overcoming, stress can result in occurrence of psychosomatic diseases, non-psychosomatic psychic disorders (NPD), formation of educational neglect, disorders of personality and professional development of the personality, which stipulate the topicality of the given work.

Objective – to examine the ways of overcoming stress among students depending on NPD available, gender and the course of education.

Materials and methods. 1235 students of both genders were examined comprehensively including 852 students (68,99%) from the Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine “Bukovinian State Medical University” and 383 students (31,01%) from Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University. An average age of those involved in the study was 20,15±0,05. The following methods were applied: clinical, psychodiagnostic and statistical.

Results. The conducted study found that most often students used the following means to overcome stress: sleep – 70,35% and 71,24% in І and ІІ groups respectively; walking in the open air – 58,99% and 60,02%; tasty food – 58,04% and 52,51%; communication with friends – 56,78% and 57,41% (р≥0,05). A reliable majority of students with NPD during the first examination indicated that they used cigarettes as a means to get over stress (34,38%) against 13,18% of students without NPD, and alcohol (26,81% and 13,73% respectively) (р<0,05).

Conclusions. Therefore, the conducted study did not find any reliable gender differences in the choice of means to get over stress. The number of smoking students increases with every next year getting its maximum at the 4th year of studies. It decreases a little at the 5th year which should be considered in planning of preventive and therapeutic measures. Our comprehensive treatment of students with NPD reduced the rate of smoking 2,09 times, from 33,80% to 16,19% (р<0,05), which is indicative of its high effect.
Targets of medical-psychological assistance for medical university students with adaptation disorders
Authors: Khaustov M. M.
Published: June 2020

Background. In the course of work is to identify and develop a system of measures for psychotherapeutic correction on the basis of identification and comprehensive evaluation of clinical and psychological manifestations and mechanisms of formation of maladaptive states in medical students.

Objective – to comprehensively study the mechanisms of formation of students’ maladaptation states and develop a system of their psychotherapeutic correction and psychoprophylactic support in a medical institution of higher education.

Materials and methods. Complying with the principles of bioethics and deontology, 412 students of the 2-5 academic years of the Kharkiv National Medical University (KhNMU), of both sexes, at the age of 17-22 years, were examined. All the surveyed people were divided into three groups: Group 1 included 215 students-inhabitants of the Eastern Ukraine; Group 2 consisted of 87 students-residents of Luhansk and Donetsk regions, who entered the study at the KhNMU before the ATO; Group 3 consisted of 110 students-migrants from the ATO zone.

Results. Students-migrants have a higher level of adaptation disorders, compared with the students of the first and second groups. It was established that the structure of adaptation disorders is represented by depressive, neurasthenic, anxious and dissociative syndrome complexes. Prognostically significant elements in the formation of adaptation disorders are excitability and imbalance, proneness to conflicts in relationships, disturbing confidence, disorganization of behavior, failure to self-regulation, inability to successfully overcome stressful situations, act in conditions of uncertainty, rigidity, and focusing on traumatic and negative feelings. According to the results of the pathopsychological examination, high levels of somatization, depression and anxiety by the SCL-90-R scale; the prevalence of severe depressive and anxiety episodes by the Hamilton scale; clinical manifestations by the hospital anxiety and depression scale were characteristic for the examined students with disorders of adaptation. Based on the data obtained, a system of medical and psychological support of the medical student during the study period was developed, which envisages the use of complex differentiated psychotherapeutic, psychoeducational and psychoprophylactic influences.

Conclusions. Against the background of the psychotherapeutic correction, a positive dynamic of the psychological state was noted: rapid reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms, reduction of the level of neuro-psychic tension, increase of students’ psychophysical activity, positive change of coping strategy.
Malignant Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Associated with COVID-19 Infection
Authors: de la Fuente PJ , Pomposo IC , Zabalo G , Altamirano JE , Paternain C
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) originating from Wuhan, China, is spreading around the world. Apart from respiratory, cardiac and vascular complications, acute neurological symptoms and acute cerebrovascular disease have also been observed. Methods: A 36 year old female with severe cerebral stroke and COVID pneumonia and its clinical characteristics and evolution are described. Results of two retrospective studies about the incidence of Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) amongst the positive cases for the new coronavirus are shown. An evaluation of the relationship between CVD and previous infections, their stational distribution, and the possible causes of this damage out of the brain is described. Result: Yanan Li, et al found a 6% of CVD. Ling Mao, et al showed a 5% only amongst the patients defined as severe. Non-severe patients had a 0.8 % incidence. These authors found that in patients with more risk factors that could present more often a severe disease and CVD, some of these factors could in fact be common for a pneumonia or stroke. We could observe that respiratory infections are described risk factors for CVD, especially for cervico-cerebral Artery Dissections (CAD). The seasonal variation also suggests a possible association. It is not well known how the new coronavirus spreads through the human body from the lungs. A possible triggering mechanism might be through the interaction with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) or the cytokine cascade that could create blood coagulation disorders. Conclusion: At this stage of the pandemic, we do not yet know much about the ability of the new coronavirus to produce CVD. This single case report only suggests a possible association between COVID-19 and CVD. More cases with epidemiological data are required to confirm and measure this association, although the role of infections in CVD through a not well-defined mechanism has been described frequently.
The effect of reverse knowledge spillovers on the total factor productivity
of emerging markets
Authors: Panibratov Andrei , Fitzpatrick Megan
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper is to shed the light on the phenomenon and mechanisms of knowledge spillovers from developed economies to emerging markets through the lens of productivity effects. We hypothesize on the impact of foreign R&D stocks on the total factor productivity growth in emerging markets and on the moderating effect of R&D stocks on the knowledge spillover effects. We use panel data from 38 countries for the period of 2001–2014. Our findings suggest that firms investing in developed markets are able to improve TFP growth via reverse spillovers. Two important findings having managerial value are that, on average, the effect of OFDI on productivity becomes apparent three years after the initial investment. The study also indicates that investment efforts have a negative effect on TFP growth in the year of investment. This research contributes to the ex- isting literature by analyzing bilateral FDI stocks between emerging and developed markets and the impact of both traditional and reverse spillovers on TFP growth in developing economies.
A INCOMPLETUDE DOS CURSOS TÉCNICOS DO PROEJA POR FALTA DOS ESTÁGIOS EM UM CENTRO ESTADUAL DE EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL DO ESTADO BAHIA
Authors: Vasconcelos Maria José Lacerda
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho é um recorte do relatório diagnóstico, intitulado A (in)conclusão de estágios nos cursos técnicos e a imperceptível exclusão de estudantes do PROEJA, entregue a Universidade do Estado da Bahia como requisito para obtenção do grau de Mestre. O objetivo desta pesquisa aplicada, numa abordagem qualitativa e técnica quantitativa, utilizando instrumentos da estatística para apresentar uma inferência qualitativa sobre o problema investigado na perspectiva metodológica de um estudo de caso, foi investigar as consequências da incompletude dos cursos técnicos do Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos – PROEJA, por falta do estágio curricular obrigatório. A pesquisa foi realizada em dois bancos de dados, na instância estadual, no Sistema de Gestão Escolar (SGE); e na instância federal, no Sistema Nacional de Informações da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (SISTEC) e ainda na Secretaria do Centro Estadual de Educação Profissional (CEEP), com acesso ao livro de anotações de expedição dos certificados de técnicos de nível médio com o número do registro expedido pelo SISTEC. A pesquisa revelou que apenas 21,1% dos 1815 estudantes cadastrados no SISTEC foram certificados como técnico de nível médio.
SEQUÊNCIAS DIDÁTICAS E HISTÓRIAS EM QUADRINHOS PARA O ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA EM ESPAÇOS NÃO FORMAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Araujo Silva Adaltro José
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta didática, elaborada por meio de pesquisa aplicada, no intuito de divulgar cientificamente a Astronomia produzindo e utilizando materiais didáticos para o seu ensino, buscando melhorias nos índices de avaliação da Escola Básica implementando temas e conceitos atuais, inter-relacionados a temas transversais, sobre tópicos gerais em Astronomia. Para isto, foi elaborado um manual com atividades práticas no formato de Sequências Didáticas e dois livretos paradidáticos no formato de História em quadrinho, sendo estruturados pela construção e aplicação de várias atividades, desenvolvidas a partir da perspectiva dos temas História da Astronomia, Criação e Evolução do Sistema Solar, Propriedades Observacionais das Estrelas e Instrumentação em Astronômica. O projeto tem como público alvo estudantes do Ensino Fundamental e Médio de várias escolas públicas do município de Valente-BA. Está justificado pelos baixos índices das nossas escolas nas avaliações do PISA (Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes) e do IDEB (Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica). Foram usados questionários como ferramenta de coleta de dados e a análise estatística foi realizada com aplicação dos Testes de Normalidade, análises dos diagramas Q-Q e gráfico de dispersão, que são características preponderantes para utilização de testes paramétricos, os quais foram aplicados Correlação Bivariada (Coeficiente de Pearson) e o Teste T-Pareado. Além disso, como reforço a não homogeneidade de variância, foi aplicado o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon.
A Pair of TESS Planets Spanning the Radius Valley around the Nearby Mid-M Dwarf LTT 3780
Authors: Cloutier Ryan , Eastman Jason D. , Rodriguez Joseph E. , Astudillo-Defru Nicola , Bonfils Xavier , Mortier Annelies , Watson Christopher A. , Stalport Manu , Pinamonti Matteo , Lienhard Florian , Harutyunyan Avet , Damasso Mario , Latham David W. , Collins Karen A. , Massey Robert , Irwin Jonathan , Winters Jennifer G. , Charbonneau David , Ziegler Carl , Matthews Elisabeth , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Kreidberg Laura , Quinn Samuel N. , Ricker George , Vanderspek Roland , Seager Sara , Winn Joshua , Jenkins Jon M. , Vezie Michael , Udry Stéphane , Twicken Joseph D. , Tenenbaum Peter , Sozzetti Alessandro , Ségransan Damien , Schlieder Joshua E. , Sasselov Dimitar , Santos Nuno C. , Rice Ken , Rackham Benjamin V. , Poretti Ennio , Piotto Giampaolo , Phillips David , Pepe Francesco , Molinari Emilio , Mignon Lucile , Micela Giuseppina , Melo Claudio , de Medeiros José R. , Mayor Michel , Matson Rachel A. , Martinez Fiorenzano Aldo F. , Mann Andrew W. , Magazzú Antonio , Lovis Christophe , López-Morales Mercedes , Lopez Eric , Lissauer Jack J. , Lépine Sébastien , Law Nicholas , Kielkopf John F. , Johnson John A. , Jensen Eric L. N. , Howell Steve B. , Gonzales Erica , Ghedina Adriano , Forveille Thierry , Figueira Pedro , Dumusque Xavier , Dressing Courtney D. , Doyon René , Díaz Rodrigo F. , Fabrizio Luca Di , Delfosse Xavier , Cosentino Rosario , Conti Dennis M. , Collins Kevin I. , Cameron Andrew Collier , Ciardi David , Caldwell Douglas A. , Burke Christopher , Buchhave Lars , Briceño César , Boyd Patricia , Bouchy François , Beichman Charles , Artigau Étienne , Almenara Jose M.
Published: June 2020

We present the confirmation of two new planets transiting the nearby mid-M dwarf LTT 3780 (TIC 36724087, TOI-732, V = 13.07, K

s
 = 8.204, R

s
 = 0.374 R
⊙, M

s
 = 0.401 M
⊙, d = 22 pc). The two planet candidates are identified in a single Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sector and validated with reconnaissance spectroscopy, ground-based photometric follow-up, and high-resolution imaging. With measured orbital periods of P

b
 = 0.77, P

c
 = 12.25 days and sizes r

p,b
 = 1.33 ± 0.07, r

p,c
 = 2.30 ± 0.16 R
⊕, the two planets span the radius valley in period–radius space around low-mass stars, thus making the system a laboratory to test competing theories of the emergence of the radius valley in that stellar mass regime. By combining 63 precise radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N, we measure planet masses of

and

M
⊕, which indicates that LTT 3780b has a bulk composition consistent with being Earth-like, while LTT 3780c likely hosts an extended H/He envelope. We show that the recovered planetary masses are consistent with predictions from both photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss models. The brightness and small size of LTT 3780, along with the measured planetary parameters, render LTT 3780b and c as accessible targets for atmospheric characterization of planets within the same planetary system and spanning the radius valley.
Detection of the Strongest Magnetic Field in a Sunspot Light Bridge
Authors: Durán J. S. Castellanos , Lagg Andreas , Solanki Sami K. , Noort Michiel van
Published: June 2020

Traditionally, the strongest magnetic fields on the Sun have been measured in sunspot umbrae. More recently, however, much stronger fields have been measured at the ends of penumbral filaments carrying the Evershed and counter-Evershed flows. Superstrong fields have also been reported within a light bridge separating two umbrae of opposite polarities. We aim to accurately determine the strengths of the strongest fields in a light bridge using an advanced inversion technique and to investigate their detailed structure. We analyze observations from the spectropolarimeter on board the Hinode spacecraft of the active region AR 11967. The thermodynamic and magnetic configurations are obtained by inverting the Stokes profiles using an inversion scheme that allows multiple height nodes. Both the traditional 1D inversion technique and the so-called 2D coupled inversions, which take into account the point-spread function of the Hinode telescope, are used. We find a compact structure with an area of 32.7 arcsec2 within a bipolar light bridge with field strengths exceeding 5 kG, confirming the strong fields in this light bridge reported in the literature. Two regions associated with downflows of ∼5 km s−1 harbor field strengths larger than 6.5 kG, covering a total area of 2.97 arcsec2. The maximum field strength found is 8.2 kG, which is the largest ever observed field in a bipolar light bridge up to now.
Cosmic Spin and Mass Evolution of Black Holes and Its Impact
Authors: Bhattacharyya Dipanweeta , Mangalam A.
Published: June 2020

We build an evolution model of the central black hole that depends on the processes of gas accretion, the capture of stars, mergers, and electromagnetic torque. In the case of gas accretion in the presence of cooling sources, the flow is momentum driven, after which the black hole reaches a saturated mass; subsequently, it grows only by stellar capture and mergers. We model the evolution of the mass and spin with the initial seed mass and spin in ΛCDM cosmology. For stellar capture, we have assumed a power-law density profile for the stellar cusp in a framework of relativistic loss cone theory that includes the effects of black hole spin, Carter’s constant, loss cone angular momentum, and capture radius. Based on this, the predicted capture rates of 10−5 to 10−6 yr−1 are closer to the observed range. We have considered the merger activity to be effective for z ≲ 4, and we self-consistently include the Blandford–Znajek torque. We calculate these effects on the black hole growth individually and in combination, for deriving the evolution. Before saturation, accretion dominates the black hole growth (∼95% of the final mass), and subsequently stellar capture and mergers take over with roughly equal contributions. The simulations of the evolution of the M
•–σ relation using these effects are consistent with available observations. We run our model backward in time and retrodict the parameters at formation. Our model will provide useful inputs for building demographics of the black holes and in formation scenarios involving stellar capture.
Global Energetics of Solar Flares. X. Petschek Reconnection Rate and Alfvén Mach Number of Magnetic Reconnection Outflows
Authors: Aschwanden Markus J.
Published: June 2020

We investigate physical scaling laws for magnetic energy dissipation in solar flares, in the framework of the Sweet–Parker model and the Petschek model. We find that the total dissipated magnetic energy E
diss in a flare depends on the mean magnetic field component B

f
associated with the free energy E

f
, the length scale L of the magnetic area, the hydrostatic density scale height λ of the solar corona, the Alfvén Mach number M
A = v
1/v
A (the ratio of the inflow speed v
1 to the Alfvénic outflow speed v
A), and the flare duration τ

f
, i.e.,

, where the Alfvén speed depends on the nonpotential field strength B
np and the mean electron density n

e
in the reconnection outflow. Using MDI/Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and AIA/SDO observations and 3D magnetic field solutions obtained with the vertical-current approximation non-linear force-free field code we measure all physical parameters necessary to test scaling laws, which represents a new method to measure Alfvén Mach numbers M
A, the reconnection rate, and the total free energy dissipated in solar flares.
A taxonomic reassessment of the genus Balsamia from China
Authors: Xu Yu-Yan , Yan Xiang-Yuan , Li Ting , Fan Li
Published: June 2020

Molecular analysis of the genus Balsamia was conducted with ITS and 28S sequences available, including newly gained sequences from Chinese specimens. Combined with the morphological examinations, a new hypogeous species, Balsamia lishanensis was described and illustrated from North China, which is morphologically characterized by reddish brown ascomata covered with fine warts, the whitish gleba with numerous small chambers, 3–5 layers peridium with reddish brown polygonal cells and the smooth and regular ellipsoid ascospores with one large oil drop. Two species previously described as Barssia were transferred to Balsamia. Balsamia platyspora was confirmed to be in existence in China based on newly collected specimen. A key to the Chinese Balsamia species was provided.
Discovery of a new species of the genus Triarthron Märkel, 1840 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae) with a key to Japanese species of the tribe Sogdini
Authors: Hoshina Hideto
Published: June 2020

In the genus Triarthron (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Leiodinae), only two species are known to occur in Palearctic and Nearctic regions. In this paper, a new species in Japan, Triarthron itoi Hoshina, sp. nov., is described. This brings the number of species in the genus to three. A key to the Japanese species of the tribe Sogdini is given.
Re-construire les masculinités patronales en s’adaptant aux transformations du travail
Authors: Delabie Charlotte
Published: June 2020

Pour le patron d’une entreprise familiale, assurer la pérennité grâce à un héritier digne de ce nom est un enjeu fondamental, un point d’honneur indissociablement professionnel et familial. Parmi la vingtaine de familles patronales que j’ai rencontrées dans le Vimeu et qui se consacrent à la production de serrurerie, seules deux femmes sont des héritières. Le patronat se conjugue presque exclusivement au masculin. Cette manière d’être, d’agir et de se penser à la fois « homme » et patron est le produit d’une construction sociale de la masculinité soutenue par une division sexuelle traditionnelle des tâches au sein de la famille et de l’entreprise. Cependant les transformations de l’environnement économique liées à la mondialisation, ont obligé les patrons à s’adapter et à valoriser des compétences et des fonctions traditionnellement perçues comme féminines. Une masculinité patronale renouvelée émerge, fruit d’une nouvelle division sexuée du travail, et du travail de production du « chef-né ».
Mariage interracial et gouvernement de l’intime dans la Cuba coloniale au milieu du XIX e siècle
Authors: Moisand Jeanne
Published: June 2020

Dans la Cuba des années 1850, le contrôle des sexualités est âprement contesté entre différents aspirants à l’autorité coloniale. Claret, le nouvel archevêque de Santiago de Cuba, cherche à lever l’interdiction des mariages entre « races inégales ». S’il se gagne occasionnellement des soutiens haut placés, il se fait aussi nombre d’ennemis dans différentes catégories de la société cubaine blanche, à tel point qu’il finit par être rappelé en métropole. Cet article enquête sur ces conflits qui révèlent les enjeux décisifs du « gouvernement de l’intime » pour le maintien de l’ordre colonial. Il analyse dans les archives historiques de Madrid, la correspondance du prélat et les plaintes portées contre lui.
Des « impériales grecques » aux « provinciales romaines ». Un concept ancien réinventé
Authors: Amandry Michel
Published: June 2020

Résumé : Les monnaies émises par les cités grecques à l’époque impériale étaient connues sous le vocable d’« impériales grecques ». La nouvelle terminologie adoptée – celle de monnayage provincial romain – met l’accent sur le rôle qu’ont joué ces monnayages à côté du monnayage impérial. Ce vocable unificateur recouvre toutefois des réalités diverses : monnayages locaux de cités grecques sur lesquels figure ou non un portrait impérial (dans ce cas, ces monnayages sont fréquemment appelés « pseudo-autonomes »), monnayages de ligues, de koina , de colonies ou de municipes romains.
Quelques spécificités des monnayages médiévaux. Le seigneuriage et autres innovations au temps de Philippe le Bel
Authors: Bompaire Marc
Published: June 2020

Résumé : Parmi les spécificités monétaires valables sur l’ensemble de la période médiévale le régime de la frappe libre a influé sur l’utilisation du monnayage par les autorités émettrices à des fins essentiellement financières. Le régime de la renovatio monetae avec décri et refonte de la totalité des monnaies en circulation est rapidement évoqué et l’apparition du seigneuriage au temps de Philippe le Bel en liaison avec le développement des mutations monétaires apparaît comme une forme originale de politique monétaire affirmée comme telle.
Du monnayage au crypto-monnayage
Authors: Desmedt Ludovic , Lakomski-Laguerre Odile
Published: June 2020

Résumé : Récemment, les procédures traditionnelles d’émission et de transfert d’instruments de paiement ont été perturbées par l’irruption des cryptomonnaies. Depuis 10 ans, la prolifération de ces circuits de règlements numériques et alternatifs attire l’attention. Nous revenons dans cet article sur l’assimilation souvent pratiquée entre les cryptomonnaies et les monnaies métalliques : après avoir évoqué les fondements idéologiques et techniques, nous exposons les raisons pour lesquelles la référence aux métaux est omniprésente. Pour finir, nous détaillons les opérations de monnayage, les processus de marquage et la question du seigneuriage.
Inventer de la monnaie pour les pauvres. Ou comment créer la monnaie fiduciaire (France, XVI e -XVII e siècle)
Authors: Jambu Jérôme
Published: June 2020

Résumé : Jusque dans les années 1570, la monnaie, en France, contenait l’un ou l’autre des deux métaux précieux, or ou argent. L’augmentation de leur prix ne permettant plus de produire de petites espèces, on inventa la monnaie de cuivre qui, au regard du prix du métal, ne valait intrinsèquement pratiquement rien et doit être considérée comme la première monnaie fiduciaire du royaume. Les piécettes de quelques deniers qui furent créées au cours des xvi e et xvii e  siècles répondaient officiellement à un besoin : l’aumône aux pauvres qui souffrait du manque de numéraire, comme les petits échanges quotidiens. En réalité, elles devinrent un produit financier qui déséquilibra le bimétallisme.
Penser la négociation ordinaire en milieu de travail
Authors: Thuderoz Christian
Published: June 2020

L’article introduit un dossier, rassemblant cinq témoignages, à propos des « négociations ordinaires en milieu de travail ». L’auteur s’interroge sur l’intérêt académique de cette catégorisation, et, d’autre part, plaide pour un travail d’étude des représentations sociales, par les individus non-négociateurs professionnels, d’une négociation.
Négocier entre avocats
Authors: Sabbaté Michel
Published: June 2020

(Témoignage) : « Le militaire, dans l’imaginaire commun, paraît souvent comme un homme rigide, très peu ouvert à la discussion, dur, exécutant les ordres – loin de l’image que l’on peut avoir d’un négociateur qui par essence se doit communiquant, habile en société et flexible… »
Disaster Aftermath Interprofessional Simulation: Promoting Nursing Students' Preparedness for Interprofessional Teamwork
Authors: Glauberman Gary H.R. , Wong Lorrie C.K. , Bray Michele L. , Katz Alan R.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Nurses are members of interprofessional cadres of health care professions with vital roles as disaster shelter volunteers and leaders for recovery efforts. Nurses must be equipped with the skills needed to care for communities postdisaster. Providing students with opportunities to engage in interprofessional simulated disaster experiences is an effective method for preparing them to work in leadership roles during disasters. This article describes a case study in the use of simulation to enhance health care students' knowledge and interprofessional collaboration roles in disaster management.

Method:

The Disaster Aftermath Interprofessional Simulation (DAIS) tabletop exercise was developed by nursing and public health faculty.

Results:

Students prioritized health interventions and investigated a foodborne outbreak in an emergency shelter. Students applied knowledge from their respective disciplines, collaborating to develop plans to protect populations.

Conclusion:

The DAIS is an innovative method for preparing nursing students to work as interprofessional team members in disaster response and recovery.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(6):353–356.]
Flavonoid concentration in milling fractions of Tartary and common buckwheat
Authors: Vombergar Blanka , Škrabanja Vida , Germ Mateja
Published: June 2020

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn.) samples were used in milling, sieving and analysing experiments. Flavonoids were analysed in buckwheat samples, in milling and sieving fractions and after the contact of flour particles with water, to simulate conditions in dough.

In Tartary buckwheat, there was even more than 100-times higher content of flavonoids flour in comparison to respective fractions of common buckwheat flour. The highest concentration of flavonoids in milling fractions of Tartary buckwheat flour (granulation over 100 |im up to including 1000 |im) was established as 3.5-4.5% flavonoids/DM.

Immediately after the direct contact of flour particles of common and Tartary buckwheat with water the apparent concentration of flavonoids rose (even for 100% or more) in the first 5-30 minutes of contact. After one hour, due to the degradation of flavonoids, their concentration decreased. Concentration of flavonoids are after 24 hours of contact of flavonoids with water in all milling fractions lower in comparison to the value after first 5 minutes of contact with water.
Toshiko Matano
Authors: Kreft Ivan
Published: June 2020

Obituary

On March 22, 2020, our dear friend and teacher Toshiko Matano, Professor Emeritus of Shinshu University, Nagano Prefecture, Japan, passed away at her home in Ina, Japan.
Pleitear por deudas en Castilla a fines de la Edad Media e inicios de la Moderna
Authors: Carvajal de la Vega David
Published: June 2020

El desarrollo financiero castellano a fines del siglo XV e inicios del XVI fue un fenómeno extendido del que pudieron participar gran parte de los castellanos. Tanto legisladores como teóricos moralistas trataron de orientar la expansión del crédito a través del desarrollo de un marco legal y ético que ejerció como referente de una conducta deseada. No obstante, los problemas derivados del impago de muchos préstamos o ventas al fiado y el consiguiente pleito por deudas llegaron a suponer un conflicto que, en muchos casos, pudo ser encauzado gracias a la acción de las nuevas y reformadas instituciones castellanas.
Riqueza, liberalidad y bien común: legitimidad y memoria política del tesoro real en Castilla (siglos XIII-XV)
Authors: Ortego Rico Pablo
Published: June 2020

Este artículo estudia las ideas presentes en la Castilla bajomedieval sobre la capacidad de los reyes para atesorar riquezas materiales, argumentadas a partir de su necesaria puesta en circulación, de su ajuste a un origen y finalidad legítima de acuerdo con la noción de bien común, y de su correspondencia con el paradigma de príncipe virtuoso elaborado. Se analizan, asimismo, los discursos que recurrían a dichas ideas a la hora de conformar modelos y contra-modelos de comportamiento político a partir de los casos de Pedro I y Enrique III de Castilla, como arquetipos divergentes en los cuales las ideas sobre el tesoro regio, ligadas a la memoria de ambos gobernantes, se usaron en los procesos de legitimación política y de negociación fiscal.