bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning-Based Multiomics Prediction Model for Radiation Pneumonitis
Authors: Zhou Lu , Wen Yuefeng , Zhang Guoqian , Wang Linjing , Wu Shuyu , Zhang Shuxu
Published: February 2023

Objective. The study aims to establish and validate an effective CT-based radiation pneumonitis (RP) prediction model using the multiomics method of radiomics and EQD2-based dosiomics. Materials and Methods. The study performed a retrospective analysis on 91 nonsmall cell lung cancer patients who received radiotherapy from 2019 to 2021 in our hospital. The patients with RP grade ≥1 were labeled as 1, and those with RP grade < 1 were labeled as 0. The whole lung excluding clinical target volume (lung-CTV) was used as the region of interest (ROI). The radiomic and dosiomic features were extracted from the lung-CTV area’s image and dose distribution. Besides, the equivalent dose of the 2 Gy fractionated radiation (EQD2) model was used to convert the physical dose to the isoeffect dose, and then, the EQD2-based dosiomic (eqd-dosiomic) features were extracted from the isoeffect dose distribution. Four machine learning (ML) models, including DVH, radiomics combined with DVH (radio + DVH), radiomics combined with dosiomics (radio + dose), and radiomics combined with eqd-dosiomics (radio + eqdose), were established to construct the prediction model via eleven different classifiers. The fivefold cross-validation was used to complete the classification experiment. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were calculated to assess the performance level of the prediction models. Results. Compared with the DVH, radio + DVH, and radio + dose model, the value of the training AUC, accuracy, and F1-score of radio + eqdose was higher, and the difference was statistically significant

p
<
0.05

. Besides, the average value of the precision and recall of radio + eqdose was higher, but the difference was not statistically significant

p
>
0.05

. Conclusion. The performance of using the ML-based multiomics method of radiomics and eqd-dosiomics to predict RP is more efficient and effective.
Molecular Detection and Antibiotic Resistance of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio alginolyticus from Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and Shrimp Environments in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Zobayda Farzana , Islam Md. Saiful , Sabuj Abdullah Al Momen , Pondit Amrita , Sarkar Aksya Kumar , Hossain Md. Golzar , Saha Sukumar
Published: February 2023

Some Vibrio species can cause food-borne diseases in humans, including cholera, vomiting, septicemia, and gastroenteritis, which are associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood products. The study was conducted to detect antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio species in shrimp and shrimp environments in Bangladesh. Samples of shrimp (n = 50), water (n = 50), and mud (n = 50) were collected aseptically from 50 different shrimp culture ponds in the Khulna region of Bangladesh. Identification of Vibrio species was based on cultural and staining characteristics, biochemical tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined using a disk diffusion assay. By PCR, Vibrio isolates were found in 34% (95% CI: 26.9%–41.9%) of the samples, of which the detection rate was significantly higher in shrimp (54%), compared to mud (26%) and water (22%). Moreover, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. alginolyticus were detected in 24.7%, 15.3%, and 4% of the samples, respectively. Among them, the detection rate of V. cholerae and V. alginolyticus was significantly higher in shrimp samples than in other samples. V. parahaemolyticus was also higher in the shrimp samples, but the difference was not statistically significant. Vibrio isolates showed high to moderate resistance (92.2%–15.7%) to ampicillin, amikacin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, ceftazidime, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, and low resistance (3.9%) to imipenem, meropenem, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Interestingly, 52.9% of the isolates were multidrug resistant, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index was up to 1.0. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh detecting these three Vibrio species (V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, and V. cholerae) from shrimp and shrimp environments by molecular approach in the same study. These findings reveal the alarmingly high occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio species in shrimp and shrimp environments, which should be of concern to both the shrimp industry and public health management.
Correction of Midline Deviation and Unilateral Crossbite Treated with Fixed Appliance
Authors: Ciavarella Domenico , Maci Marta , Guida Laura , Cazzolla Angela Pia , Muzio Eleonora Lo , Tepedino Michele
Published: February 2023

The following case report describes the treatment of a 20-year-old man with dental and facial asymmetry. Patient presented upper dental midline shifted 3 mm to right side and the lower one 1 mm to left side, skeletal class I, molar class I and canine class III on the right side, molar class I and canine class II on the left side, and upper and lower crowding on teeth #12, #15, #22, #24, #34, and #35 in crossbite. The treatment plan provided four extractions: in the superior arch the right second and the left first premolar and in the lower arch first premolars on the left and right sides. Wire-fixed orthodontic device was used in combinations with coils to correct the midline deviation and to close post-extractive spaces, avoiding miniscrew implants. At the end of the treatment, optimal functional and aesthetic results were obtained: realignment of the midline improved facial symmetry, correction of the crossbite on both sides, and a good occlusal relationship.
Hierarchical Vehicle Scheduling Research on Tide Bicycle-Sharing Traffic of Autonomous Transportation Systems
Authors: Hao Mai , Cai Ming , Fang Minghui , Jin Shuxin
Published: February 2023

To facilitate the intelligent and automated provision of mobility services by autonomous transportation systems, bike-sharing can be a supplement to public transport for addressing their point-to-point issue, namely, “last mile” service. However, according to the different nature of land use, the uneven spatio-temporal distribution of travel demand can directly lead to difficult access to bikes with high travel costs for users and operating costs for operators. Based on this, this paper analyzes the user behavior patterns within different areas by using GeoHash encoding and proposes a hierarchical autonomous vehicle scheduling model based on tide bicycle-sharing traffic, namely, HATB. It minimizes operating costs and maximizes user satisfaction to dynamically optimize scheduling routes and required vehicles within each layered zone. As for extracting historical orders of Mobike in Beijing, an example analysis through the genetic algorithm of HATB is conducted to support effective and efficient scheduling. Compared to existing scheduling methods, HATB has faster convergence and lower time complexity, which improves bike turnaround efficiency and practical application ability, thus making it more convenient for the public to travel during peak hours.
A Prognostic Cuproptosis-Related LncRNA Signature for Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhong Like , Zhu Junfeng , Shu Qi , Xu Gaoqi , He Chaoneng , Fang Luo
Published: February 2023

Background. Cuproptosis, a recently discovered form of cell death, is caused by copper levels exceeding homeostasis thresholds. Although Cu has a potential role in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), its role in the development of COAD remains unclear. Methods. In this study, 426 patients with COAD were extracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The Pearson correlation algorithm was used to identify cuproptosis-related lncRNAs. Using the univariate Cox regression analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to select cuproptosis-related lncRNAs associated with COAD overall survival (OS). A risk model was established based on the multivariate Cox regression analysis. A nomogram model was used to evaluate the prognostic signature based on the risk model. Finally, mutational burden and sensitivity analyses of chemotherapy drugs were performed for COAD patients in the low- and high-risk groups. Result. Ten cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were identified and a novel risk model was constructed. A signature based on ten cuproptosis-related lncRNAs was an independent prognostic predictor for COAD. Mutational burden analysis suggested that patients with high-risk scores had higher mutation frequency and shorter survival. Conclusion. Constructing a risk model based on the ten cuproptosis-related lncRNAs could accurately predict the prognosis of COAD patients, providing a fresh perspective for future research on COAD.
The Impact of Road Functions on Road Congestions Based on POI Clustering: An Empirical Analysis in Xi’an, China
Authors: Zhu Hui , Zhang Kaiqi , Wang Changjun , Jia Lujin , Song Siyu
Published: February 2023

In new-tier cities with rapid urbanization, the reorganization of urban spatial functions and the development of road networks have brought novel challenges to traffic congestion control. Urban land use patterns have a significant correlation with urban traffic congestion. However, whether and how land use patterns of cities close to the roads affect road congestion is less to be discussed. This article investigated the relationship between land use patterns close to the urban trunk road network and traffic congestion in new tier cities Xi’an, China. We adopted the DBSCAN algorithm to cluster POIs and use the mixed POI clusters to label the socio-economic functions of roads. We found the spatial heterogeneity of POIs on the trunk road network and identified the impacts of the scales and types of POI on road congestion based on the empirical analysis. Compared to the POIs as origin and destination of the trips, the POIs as stopover points of the trips cause significantly more road congestion. The POIs with bidirectional flows at entrances/exits are more likely to cause road congestion than the POIs with unidirectional flows. Moreover, the POIs with flexible traffic flows increase road congestion, while the POIs with predicted traffic flows have no statistically significant correlation with road congestion. The results help urban planners to plan the scale, type, and location of POIs close to roads and to optimize the socio-economic functions of roads and alleviate road congestion.
Feasibility and Safety of Mesocolon Excision with Medical Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Liu Chengkui , Zhao Qiang , Song Zhichao
Published: February 2023

The development of new technologies based on electronic intelligent images is a very active research and promotion of new technologies in recent years. This article mainly summarizes the basic concept, development, and technology of electronic intelligent imaging technology, as well as the research, promotion, and application of electronic intelligent imaging technology in clinical treatment. It especially emphasizes the practicality and application of electronic intelligent imaging technology in the current clinical operation process and conducts a meta‐analysis of the current mesorectal excision, so as to provide more scientific and professional guidance for clinical surgery. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that 3291 documents were initially obtained and duplicate documents were deleted by searching for keywords in mesocolon excision. We excluded 2399 subjects and articles whose interventions did not meet the inclusion criteria of this study after reading the title and abstract. Then, we obtained 892 papers that may meet the inclusion criteria through preliminary screening. We further optimized the search strategy based on selection criteria and data integrity filtering principles and finally determined 111 references. 100 articles that did not meet the requirements were excluded, and 11 articles were finally included for meta‐analysis. Medical imaging can effectively improve the therapeutic effect of mesocolon excision and reduce the occurrence of complications. Therefore, it is very important to combine medical intelligent images for preoperative evaluation, and the development of the combination of surgical treatment and medical images should not be underestimated in the future.
Bibliometrics Analysis of Research Progress of Electrochemical Detection of Tetracycline Antibiotics
Authors: Wu Dihua , Karimi-Maleh Hassan , Liu Xiaozhu , Fu Li
Published: February 2023

Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum class of antibiotics. The use of excessive doses of tetracycline antibiotics can result in their residues in food, posing varying degrees of risk to human health. Therefore, the establishment of a rapid and sensitive field detection method for tetracycline residues is of great practical importance to improve the safety of food-derived animal foods. Electrochemical analysis techniques are widely used in the field of pollutant detection because of the simple detection principle, easy operation of the instrument, and low cost of analysis. In this review, we summarize the electrochemical detection of tetracycline antibiotics by bibliometrics. Unlike the previously published reviews, this article reviews and analyzes the development of this topic. The contributions of different countries and different institutions were analyzed. Keyword analysis was used to explain the development of different research directions. The results of the analysis revealed that developments and innovations in materials science can enhance the performance of electrochemical detection of tetracycline antibiotics. Among them, gold nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes are the most used nanomaterials. Aptamer sensing strategies are the most favored methodologies in electrochemical detection of tetracycline antibiotics.
Pore-Scale Simulation of Water Flooding Using Volume of Fluid Method
Authors: Huang Chuanqing , Zhang Jiaosheng , Lu Xuejiao , Jihong Li , Huang Yingsong , Liu Lijie , Su Yajie , Bai Jianguang
Published: February 2023

Water flooding is a commonly used method in oilfield development, and the water flooding process is essentially the process of oil-water movement in porous media. Pore-scale flow law in water flooding process can guide the oilfield development plan, to improve the oil recovery efficiency. In this paper, the computational domain is constructed from the CT scan images of real cores. The oil-water flow process of the water flooding in the pore structure is simulated using the interFoam solver in OpenFOAM. The influence of the displacement process and the distribution of the remaining oil is analyzed in three aspects: the water cut curve, the state of the same water injection amount, and the final displacement state. The flow rate velocity affects the water flooding swept range, and the recovery factor increases gradually with the increase of the flow rate. With different injection velocity, the sweeping sequence of pores is different, and the location and shape of remaining oil are very different. Due to the different dominant forces under different wettability states, the swept patterns of the core are also different.
Development and Validation of Deep Learning Models for the Multiclassification of Reflux Esophagitis Based on the Los Angeles Classification
Authors: Ge Hailong , Zhou Xin , Wang Yu , Xu Jian , Mo Feng , Chao Chen , Zhu Jinzhou , Yu Weixin
Published: February 2023

This study is to evaluate the feasibility of deep learning (DL) models in the multiclassification of reflux esophagitis (RE) endoscopic images, according to the Los Angeles (LA) classification for the first time. The images were divided into three groups, namely, normal, LA classification A + B, and LA C + D. The images from the HyperKvasir dataset and Suzhou hospital were divided into the training and validation datasets as a ratio of 4 : 1, while the images from Jintan hospital were the independent test set. The CNNs‐ or Transformer‐architectures models (MobileNet, ResNet, Xception, EfficientNet, ViT, and ConvMixer) were transfer learning via Keras. The visualization of the models was proposed using Gradient‐weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad‐CAM). Both in the validation set and the test set, the EfficientNet model showed the best performance as follows: accuracy (0.962 and 0.957), recall for LA A + B (0.970 and 0.925) and LA C + D (0.922 and 0.930), Marco‐recall (0.946 and 0.928), Matthew’s correlation coefficient (0.936 and 0.884), and Cohen’s kappa (0.910 and 0.850), which was better than the other models and the endoscopists. According to the EfficientNet model, the Grad‐CAM was plotted and highlighted the target lesions on the original images. This study developed a series of DL‐based computer vision models with the interpretable Grad‐CAM to evaluate the feasibility in the multiclassification of RE endoscopic images. It firstly suggests that DL‐based classifiers show promise in the endoscopic diagnosis of esophagitis.
Peptide ARHGEF9 Inhibits Glioma Progression via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Huang Jie , Fu Xiaoling , Xue Qiang , Ma Peng , Yin Yating , Jiang Minjie , Lu Yunpeng , Ying Qi , Jiang Jun , He Hua , Wu Da
Published: February 2023

Background. The most prevalent malignant tumor in a human brain nervous system is called glioma. Peptide is a compound formed by the peptide bond of α-amino acids, and the development of polypeptide drugs has been widely used in many fields. We plan to investigate the underlying peptides with clinical value in glioma. Method. Based on public databases, we targeted the common genes between glioma differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and peptide genes related to glioma prognosis. Then, these common genes were analyzed by LASSO-Cox analysis, prognostic risk model, and nomogram to identify key prognostic peptide genes and the target gene in this study. Next, the mechanism of target gene in glioma was explored by bioinformatics analysis and functional experiments. Results. We obtained a total of 26 overlapping genes for the following study. After that, 6 independent prognostic factors (REPIN1, PSD3, RDX, CDK4, FANCI, and ARHGEF9) were obtained and applied to construct the prognostic nomogram, and ARHGEF9 was the target gene in the study. Next, peptide ARHGEF9 was found to inhibit glioma cell development. Through Spearman’s correlation analysis, ARHGEF9 had a close relation with PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In functional experiments, peptide ARHGEF9 could suppress the protein expressions of p-PIK3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR, while IGF-1 could reverse this effect. Conclusion. This study identifies 6 new prognostic biomarkers for glioma patients. Among them, peptide ARHGEF9 gene is an inhibitory gene functioning by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Time-Dependent Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Flow of an Exothermic Arrhenius Fluid in a Vertical Channel with Convective Boundary Condition
Authors: Hamza M. M. , Abdulsalam S. , Ahmad S. K.
Published: February 2023

The current study examined the effects of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) on time-dependent mixed convection flow of an exothermic fluid in a vertical channel. Convective heating and Navier’s slip conditions are considered. The dimensional nonlinear flow equations are transformed into dimensionless form with suitable transformation. For steady-state flow formations, we apply homotopy perturbation approach. However, for the unsteady-state governing equation, we use numerical technique known as the implicit finite difference approach. Flow is influenced by several factors, including the Hartmann number, Newtonian heating, Navier slip parameter, Frank-Kamenetskii parameter, and mixed convection parameter. Shear stress and heat transfer rates were also investigated and reported. The steady-state and unsteady-state solutions are visually expressed in terms of velocity and temperature profiles. Due to the presence of opposing force factors such as the Lorentz force, the research found that the Hartmann number reduces the momentum profile. Fluid temperature and velocity increase as the thermal Biot number and Frank-Kamenetskii parameter increase. There are several scientific and infrastructure capabilities that use this type of flow, such flow including solar communication systems exposed to airflow, electronic devices cooled at room temperature by airflow, nuclear units maintained during unscheduled shutoffs, and cooling systems occurring in low circumstances. The current findings and the literature are very consistent, which recommend the application of the current study.
A New Guess-and-Determine Method for Cryptanalysis of the GSM Encryption
Authors: Jain Ashish , Kaur Inderjeet , Sharma Akhilesh Kumar , Gupta Nirmal Kumar , Chakraborty Partha
Published: February 2023

Cryptanalysis is the process of finding flaws or oversights in an encryption algorithm. Nearly, all encryption algorithms are carefully examined through cryptanalysis to determine the security of the system in which the encryption algorithm has been employed. A5/1 is a well-known encryption algorithm which is inbuilt in mobile phone for securing GSM communication, and therefore, cryptanalysis of this algorithm is also important. A5/1 consists of three linear feedback registers of lengths 23, 22, and 19 bits. Due to the nonlinear clocking mechanism of A5/1, cryptanalytic attacks of guess-and-determine (GD) nature are efficient and more successful. In this paper, we propose a new low keystream GD attack on GSM encryption algorithm A5/1. The basic idea of GD attack is guessing some portion of the registers of A5/1 and determining remaining portion of the registers via the relationship between the register’s state and the known intercepted keystream. The guessed and determined register’s state is validated by running the cipher forward from that state. If the intercepted keystream matches the generated keystream, we accept it. Otherwise, we discard and try the attack again. The computational complexity and the success rate of the proposed attack are O

2

52

and 96.6%, respectively.
Analytical Solution for Consolidation Behaviors of Combined Composite Foundation Reinforced with Penetrated PCCSs and Floating DM Columns
Authors: Zhang Chaozhe , Zhang Dingwen , Liu Songyu , Han Jianyong , Jiang Chen , Zhao Yue
Published: February 2023

As the composite pile, the precast concrete piles reinforced with cement-treated soil (PCCS) is formed by driving the precast cement (PC) pile into the deep mixing (DM) column, which has been successfully and widely utilized to support buildings and embankments over soft soil. To increase the pile spacing and give full play to the economic merits of the PCCS, a reinforcement scheme, which involves the combined use of rigid piles and flexible columns, employing penetrated PCCSs and floating DM columns is proposed and utilized for soft soil ground treatment. However, there is a lack of feasible method for consolidation behaviors of this combined composite foundation (CCF) reinforced with penetrated PCCSs and floating DM columns under flexible loads. This paper developed an analytical solution to predict the average consolidation degree of this CCF based on a cylinder consolidation model and double-layer ground consolidation theory. The excess pore pressure and average consolidation degree were calculated by considering the composite pile penetration into the cushion. The analytical method agrees well with results obtained by numerical analysis. Additionally, a parametric study was conducted systematically to analyze the effect of key influence factors on the average consolidation degree of this CCF. The results indicate that the consolidation rate of this CCF can be much faster than that of the natural ground. The consolidation rate strongly depends on the compressive modulus and area replacement ratio of PCCSs. The increasing inner core-outer core modulus ratio and the inner core-subsoil modulus ratio increase the consolidation rate of this CCF. In addition, the consolidation rate increases with the gravel cushion-subsoil modulus ratio, while it decreases with the loading period.
Empagliflozin-Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Attenuated Heart Injury
Authors: Chi Boyu , Zou Ailin , Mao Lipeng , Cai Dabei , Xiao Tingting , Wang Yu , Wang Qingjie , Ji Yuan , Sun Ling
Published: February 2023

Objective. Small extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play important roles in cardiac protection. Studies have shown that the cardiovascular protection of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) is independent of its hypoglycemic effect. This study is aimed at investigating whether small extracellular vesicles derived from MSCs pretreated with empagliflozin (EMPA) has a stronger cardioprotective function after myocardial infarction (MI) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results. We evaluated the effects of EMPA on MSCs and the effects of EMPA-pretreated MSCs-derived small extracellular vesicles (EMPA-sEV) on myocardial apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cardiac function after MI in vitro and in vivo. The small extracellular vesicles of control MSCs (MSC-sEV) and EMPA-pretreated MSCs were extracted, respectively. Small extracellular vesicles were cocultured with apoptotic H9c2 cells induced by H2O2 or injected into the infarcted area of the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat myocardial infarction model. EMPA increased the cell viability, migration ability, and inhibited apoptosis and senescence of MSCs. In vitro, EMPA-sEV inhibited apoptosis of H9c2 cells compared with the control group (MSC-sEV). In the SD rat model of MI, EMPA-sEV inhibited myocardial apoptosis and promoted angiogenesis in the infarct marginal areas compared with the MSC-sEV. Meanwhile, EMPA-sEV reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function. Through small extracellular vesicles (miRNA) sequencing, we found several differentially expressed miRNAs, among which miR-214-3p was significantly elevated in EMPA-sEV. Coculture of miR-214-3p high expression MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles with H9c2 cells produced similar protective effects. In addition, miR-214-3p was found to promote AKT phosphorylation in H9c2 cells. Conclusions. Our data suggest that EMPA-sEV significantly improve cardiac repair after MI by inhibiting myocardial apoptosis. miR-214-3p at least partially mediated the myocardial protection of EMPA-sEV through the AKT signaling pathway.
A Rare Case of Renal Thrombotic Microangiopathy and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Secondary to Plasma Cell Leukemia
Authors: Komisarof Justin , Forman Jessica , Goldman Bruce , Syposs Chauncey , Passero Frank , Garbade Ellie
Published: February 2023

Plasma cell dyscrasias are a subset of hematological malignancies involving the production of monoclonal immunoglobulins. This spectrum of disorders includes asymptomatic conditions such as monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance as well as extremely aggressive malignancies such as plasma cell leukemia. Monoclonal gammopathies are occasionally associated with renal failure, which can occur via many pathophysiological processes. The most common of these is light chain cast nephropathy, but many rare renal complications exist, including thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Here, we report a patient with new renal failure with features of TMA and FSGS on biopsy and found to be secondary to plasma cell leukemia.
Aerodynamic Load Reduction on a Supercritical Airfoil Using Tilted Microjets
Authors: Xue Cheng , Deng Feng , Wang Haifeng , Qin Ning
Published: February 2023

Microjets arranged on the wing surfaces of civil transport aircraft have been shown to have great potential in suppressing high-frequency gust loads. This paper presents a study of aerodynamic load reduction on a supercritical airfoil using tilted microjets by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The numerical method was first validated against the experimental and previous numerical data. Afterward, the subsonic and transonic flowfields around the supercritical airfoil were simulated with various angled microjets. The results show that both the lift reduction and the power efficiencies significantly increase as the blowing direction shifts downstream to upstream. The movement and weakening of the shock due to the jet are observed at

α
>

2

∘

in transonic flow, resulting in a drag reduction compared to the baseline airfoil. However, the transient subsonic results revealed that the upstream jet induces a strong vortex shedding, which is suppressed in transonic flows. During jet deployment, there are three distinct phases: time lag, vortex rolling-up, and rebalancing, in that order. Once it reaches the trailing edge in subsonic flows, the starting vortex rapidly modifies the load and induced a strong roll-up vortex from the pressure surface. Nevertheless, in transonic flow, the rebalancing stage contributes to a greater reduction in lift due to the additional shock movement and weakening effect.
Automated Evaluation of Upper Airway Obstruction Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Jeong Yunho , Nang Yeeyeewin , Zhao Zhihe
Published: February 2023

Objectives. This study is aimed at developing a screening tool that could evaluate the upper airway obstruction on lateral cephalograms based on deep learning. Methods. We developed a novel and practical convolutional neural network model to automatically evaluate upper airway obstruction based on ResNet backbone using the lateral cephalogram. A total of 1219 X‐ray images were collected for model training and testing. Results. In comparison with VGG16, our model showed a better performance with sensitivity of 0.86, specificity of 0.89, PPV of 0.90, NPV of 0.85, and F1‐score of 0.88, respectively. The heat maps of cephalograms showed a deeper understanding of features learned by deep learning model. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that deep learning could learn effective features from cephalograms and automated evaluate upper airway obstruction according to X‐ray images. Clinical Relevance. A novel and practical deep convolutional neural network model has been established to relieve dentists’ workload of screening and improve accuracy in upper airway obstruction.
Revealing the Central Mechanism of Acupuncture for Primary Dysmenorrhea Based on Neuroimaging: A Narrative Review
Authors: Chen Benlu , Guo Qin , Zhang Qiwen , Di Zhong , Zhang Quanai
Published: February 2023

Objective. The central mechanism of acupuncture for primary dysmenorrhea was explored by summarizing the changes in different regional networks of the brain induced by acupuncture stimulation by analyzing the existing studies. Methods. The original studies were collected and selected from three English databases such as PubMed and four Chinese databases as China Knowledge Network (CNKI). The main keyword clusters are neuroimaging, acupuncture, and primary dysmenorrhea. Results. The literature review yielded 130 possibly qualified studies, and 23 articles fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. Regarding the type of acupuncture studies, 6 moxibustion studies and 17 manual acupuncture studies for primary dysmenorrhea were included. Based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and positron emission tomography-computer tomography techniques (PET-CT), one or more analysis methods such as amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), functional connectivity (FC), and independent components analysis (ICA) were used. The results are summarized. To summarize the high-frequency brain area alterations observed in patients with acupuncture-induced primary dysmenorrhea were the anterior cingulate gyrus, thalamus, insula, precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, putamen, and cerebellum. Conclusion. The results suggest that the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea is the involvement of networks regulating different areas of the brain in the analgesic effects of acupuncture. The brain regions involved in primary dysmenorrhea acupuncture analgesia were mainly located in the pain matrix, default mode network, salience network, and limbic system.
[Retracted] Analysis of Efflux Pump System and Other Drug Resistance Related Gene Mutations in Tigecycline‐Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Zheng Wenzheng , Huang Yubo , Wu Wenbin , Zhu Jiaxin , Zhang Tiantuo
Published: February 2023

Background. The isolation of tigecycline‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in recent years has brought great difficulties to clinical prevention and treatment. Purpose. To explore the effect of efflux pump system and other resistance related gene mutations on tigecycline resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of major efflux pump genes (adeB, adeJ, and adeG) in extensive drug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tigecycline was detected by the broth microdilution testing and efflux pump inhibition experiment to assess the role of efflux pump in tigecycline resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii. Efflux pump regulatory genes (adeR and adeS) and tigecycline resistance related genes (rpsJ, trm, and plsC) were amplified by PCR and sequenced. By sequence alignment, tigecycline sensitive and tigecycline‐insensitive Acinetobacter baumannii were compared with standard strains to analyze the presence of mutations in these genes. Results. The relative expression of adeB in the tigecycline‐insensitive Acinetobacter baumannii was significantly higher than that in the tigecycline sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii (114.70 (89.53‐157.43) vs 86.12 (27.23‐129.34), P = 0.025). When efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) was added, the percentage of tigecycline‐insensitive Acinetobacter baumannii with tigecycline MIC decreased was significantly higher than that of tigecycline‐sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii (10/13 (76.9%) vs 26/59 (44.1%)), P = 0.032); the relative expression of adeB in the MIC decreased group was significantly higher than that in the MIC unchanged group (110.29 (63.62‐147.15) vs 50.06 (26.10‐122.59), P = 0.02); The relative expression levels of efflux pumps adeG and adeJ did not increase significantly, and there was no significant difference between these groups. One adeR point mutation (Gly232Ala) and eight adeS point mutations (Ala97Thr, Leu105Phe, Leu172Pro, Arg195Gln, Gln203Leu, Tyr303Phe, Lys315Asn, Gly319Ser) were newly detected. Consistent mutations in trm and plsC genes were detected in both tigecycline‐insensitive and tigecycline‐sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii, but no mutation in rpsJ gene was detected in them. Conclusion. Tigecycline‐insensitive Acinetobacter baumannii efflux pump adeABC overexpression was an important mechanism for tigecycline resistance, and the mutations of efflux pump regulator genes (adeR and adeS) are responsible for adeABC overexpression. The effect of trm, plsC, and rpsJ gene mutations on the development of tigecycline resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii remains controversial.
Screening of Pure ILs and DESs for CO2 Separation, N2O Separation, and H2S Separation Processes
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Yang Xuzhao , Han Jingli , Tian Junfeng , Zhang Ting , Li Yakun , Zhang Jiangqiang , Shi Yuxin , Zhang Jingjing
Published: February 2023

Ionic liquids (ILs) are proposed as potential “green” solvents with remarkable properties. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new type of ILs with additional properties, such as higher biodegradability and a lower price. ILs and DESs are “green” absorbents for various gas separations, such as CO2/N2, CO2/H2/CO, H2S/CH4, and N2O/N2. Due to their large number, the screening of ILs is crucial. Although ILs with high absorption capacities were screened using gas solubility and selectivity, it is important to consider the energy and solvents used in the process. In this paper, the absorbent amount and the energy consumption were used for screening absorbents for various gas separation processes. The results reveal that physical IL [Bmim][DCA] and chemical IL [Eeim][Ac] are screened for CO2/N2 and CO2/H2/CO separation, physical IL [Omim][PF6] for H2S/CH4 separation, and physical IL [P66614][eFAP] for NO/N2 separation. The screened ILs offer some advantages over commercial absorbents in terms of lower energy consumption or amount.
Comparison of Alternative Peripheral and Transfemoral Approaches for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Meta-Analysis of Propensity-Matched Studies
Authors: McGrath Daniel , Sun Charley , Kawabori Masashi , Zhan Yong
Published: February 2023

Background. Transfemoral (TF) access is the gold standard for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Alternative peripheral (AP) artery access such as the carotid or axillary artery is considered when the feasibility of femoral access is in doubt. The outcomes comparison of these 2 approaches is unclear due to limited sample sizes in prior studies. Our aim is to compare the clinical outcomes of TF- and AP-TAVR by conducting a meta-analysis of propensity-matched studies. Methods. The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception up to and including February 2022 were searched by 3 separate researchers to identify articles reporting propensity-matched, comparative data on TF vs. AP-TAVR. Clinical outcomes were extracted from the articles and pooled for analysis. Results. Seven prior studies, including 9,004 patients, were included in our study, with 6,729 in the TF group and 2,275 in the AP group. In all studies, the baseline characteristics of the patients were highly propensity-matched with the full Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis revealed higher in-hospital/30-day mortality (3.3% vs. 4.4%; OR 0.69; 95% CI (0.51, 0.94);

P
=
0.02

) as well as the incidence of stroke (1.9% vs. 3.5%; OR 0.60; 95% CI (0.43, 0.84);

P
=
0.003

) for the AP group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of major vascular complications, pacemaker implantation, bleeding, or acute kidney injury. Conclusions. Our meta-analysis of propensity-matched studies showed AP-TAVR contains an additional 1.1% risk of early mortality and an additional 1.6% risk of stroke compared to TF-TAVR. These risks should be considered when deciding on access.
Influence of Segmented Linings on the Micro-Pressure Wave of Tunnels
Authors: Li Tao , Shao Mingyu , Ma Weibin , Liang Yanbin , Fang Yufei
Published: February 2023

When the tunnel has damages such as deformation and cracking, the lining structure should be set to reinforce the tunnel. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical method is performed to study the aerodynamic effects caused by the train passing through a tunnel with segmented linings at 350 km/h. The influence of the numbers, thickness, location, and types of the segmented lining structure on MPW is analyzed. The results show that the segmented linings located at the middle of the tunnel have a better mitigation effect on MPW than that of the normal linings, which increases with the segment number and the thickness of the linings. When the damage occurs near the entrance of the tunnel, a segmented lining structure with a constricted section slightly away from the tunnel entrance can be used to reduce its adverse effect on MPW.
Numerical Modelling of Free Surface Agitation in a Coastal Lagoon by Roadway Path Influence
Authors: Herrera Israel E. , Torres Franklin M. , Moreno Jatziri Y. , Gutierrez José M. , Saldaña Noé
Published: February 2023

The development and construction of highway infrastructure are essential in developing countries, whereas its layout and construction sometimes interact with the coastal environment. One problem to attend to is that the outline and geometry designs impact as little as possible on the hydrodynamic circulation of coastal bodies in order to alter the associated ecosystem as little as possible. The study area is located in the north of Colombia, and is made up of a continental coastal zone (Mallorquín Lagoon) and a marine zone (Caribbean Sea), in which a highway is projected that provides communication between two locations. This study presents the application of a numerical model previously developed and modified by the Berkhoff equation, which is developed in a finite difference scheme and has been validated and applied in different works in coastal and fluvial shallow water areas. The application of the model was carried out in a hydrodynamic circulation research project for a one-way highway through a coastal lagoon, where the knowledge of the magnitude of the incident wave height in the structure of the road body is necessary for the design, protection elements, and road geometry. Two numerical simulation scenarios were carried out, specifying normal conditions and extraordinary wave conditions in the month of November with a simulation time of 15 days, obtaining the velocity field associated with coastal currents, waves, and wave modification phenomena, such as refraction, diffraction, and reflection, which provide the height of the incident wave on the highway and the recirculation patterns in the coastal lagoon to identify alterations in the ecosystem. The results of the wave height in each scenario and the velocity field provide values to be used in the design, type of armor, and dimensions of the protection works required for the proper functioning of the road structure.
Dietary Practices and Nutrient Intake of Internally Displaced School Children in the West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Boh Nwachan Mirabelle , Aba Ejoh Richard , Lemfor Chefu Burnice
Published: February 2023

Background and Aims. Poor diets and subsequent malnutrition are among the greatest current societal challenges triggering immense health and economic burden especially among populations that are forcibly displaced. It is indispensable to establish the dietary patterns of any population, especially in displaced populations, in order to develop and effectively implement interventions for the specific population. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess dietary practices and nutrient adequacy of 307 internally displaced pupils aged between 5 and 15 years in the West Region of Cameroon. Pretested, structured interviewer questionnaires were used to collect data on the demographic and socioeconomic status of the children and their caregivers, the nutrition knowledge of caregivers, the dietary practices of the children, dietary diversity, their food sources, and coping strategies that were used during food shortage. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. The dietary diversity of the children was assessed at the individual level using FAO method of assessing women’s dietary diversity score. Results. Out of the total 307 children, 148 (48.2%) were boys and 159 (51.8%) were girls. During food shortages, most of the mothers/caregivers (72%) used borrowing as the main auxiliary food source and others (28%) used food as payment for work or begging. A majority of the children (56%) usually ate only two times in a day. Most of the children were of unacceptable or low dietary diversity (66.2%). The most frequently consumed food group was cereals as it was eaten by 21% of the children, seven or more times per week; meanwhile, the least was animal products with only 3% of the children consuming it seven or more times weekly. Their diets were energy-deficient (

1640.5
±
1.64

 kcal) and unbalanced with daily inadequate protein (

18.45
±
1.13

 g), vitamin A (

470.27
±
1.38

 μg), and iron (

4.02
±
0.08

 mg) intake. The nutrition knowledge of the mothers/caregivers was poor as less than half (41%) of them had an acceptable nutrition knowledge. Conclusion. The high prevalence of poor dietary patterns and poor nutrition knowledge imposes the necessity of developing nutritional interventions and education strategies aimed at promoting healthy eating habits in the children.
An optimization of multiple gateway location selection in long range wide area network networks
Authors: Kaewta Chutchai , Savithi Charuay , Naenudorn Ekkachai
Published: February 2023

The adoption of smart agricultural technology in rural areas is still limited in terms of network infrastructure supported. As a result, farmers continue to practice traditional farming that mainly focuses on human labor and requires experience in planning the production of agricultural products in unstable weather conditions, which makes the farmers highly risky. Currently, long range (LoRa) technology is a smart agriculture support tool that will enable the Internet of Things devices to a large number of end nodes distributed over a wide geographical area. They could access cloud computing from a long distance, kilometers, for processing via long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) communication protocol. When choosing a multiple gateway location for LoRaWAN networks, big networks must consider the spatial distribution of clients, radio signal propagation, and the cap on the number of devices served access. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to optimize coverage. The LINGO modeling program, an exact software method, was used to test the model. The findings indicated that the best six gateways at the optimal LoRaWAN gateway location. The gateways can provide signal coverage for all end nodes and can manage the capacity of the LoRaWAN gateway to support the proper number of end nodes.
Machine learning algorithms for privacy preserving in vehicular ad hoc network
Authors: Sulthana Shazia , Reddy Byppanahalli Narayana Reddy Manjunatha
Published: February 2023

Machine learning (ML) will improve the outcomes through the use of methods that categorize the information into the predetermined set. This work is to present an estimation and assessment of machine learning techniques for achieving privacy preservation in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). This method generates two distinct group keys for prime and secondary users. Road side units (RSUs) are deployed to broadcast one group key from the trusted authority (TA) to the primary users, and secondary users are utilized to transmit the other group key. The main aim of this network is developed to avoid vulnerable attacks and to enhance the privacy of this network, Naïve Bayesian classifier (BC), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), artificial neural networks (ANN), Bayesian network (BN) methods are utilized in correlation with the proposed deep neural networks (DNN) with the black widow optimization (BWO) for protection preserving. These learning characterization procedures are assessed concerning delay, network lifetime, throughput, delivery ratio, and drop and this proposed calculation (DNN-BWO) shows improved results than the current methodologies.
Two-level frame aggregation with enhanced A-MPDU for signal-to-noise ratio efficiency in IEEE 802.11n WLANs
Authors: Sorra Fatoumata , Othman Mohamed , Bukar Umar Ali , Hakim Fahrul , Alrashah Mohamed A. , Saif Anvar , Moudi Mehrnaz
Published: February 2023

One of the most important frame aggregation features for enhancing the speed of IEEE 802.11n wireless local area networks (WLANs) through sharing headers and timing overheads is an aggregate MAC protocol data unit (A-MPDU). However, because aggregation overhead affects A-MPDU frame size, the A-MPDU performance falls short of user expectations. The variable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is significantly decreased as a result of the influence of lost sub-frame on the volume of sub-frames that may be aggregated (the level of aggregation). In order to solve this issue, this study suggests an improved A-MPDU with reduced header overheads as well as a efficient two-level aggregation technique based on enhanced A-MPDU. To test the suggested plan, a simulation experiment was run on NS-3. The results show that the suggested two-level aggregation approach works better than the existing methods by achieving higher throughput, SNR, and a efficient medium access control (MAC) layer.