bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the characteristics of electromechanical-hydraulic model of multi-source drive/transmission system based on periodic excitation
Authors: Yang Yang , Mi Yuquan , Qin Datong , Yuan Aihui , Li Guowei
Published: January 2019

Multi-source drive system with the feature of compact, small size and other advantages is widely used in large engineering machinery, such as shield machine, wind turbines, and shearer. In this article, a reasonable power transmission form is designed and the electromechanical-hydraulic coupling model of the multi-source drive system including the hydraulic pump-motor lumped parameter model and gear system dynamics model is established based on the co-simulation of MATLAB and AMEsim. Taking the pump flow pulsation and the time-varying meshing stiffness as the external and internal excitation of the multi-source drive system, respectively, the vibration and the dynamic characteristics of the multi-source drive system and the transfer characteristics of the dynamic excitation are analyzed. Results show that the flow-speed pulsation and the pressure-torque pulsation are gradually reduced along the direction of the transmission chain. As the external and internal excitation, the flow pulsation and the time-varying meshing stiffness will cause complex influences on the vibration and the dynamic characteristics of the multi-source transmission system. The findings provide a reference basis for the design of the multi-source drive system.
Combustion and energy distribution of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas engines with low heat rejection based on Atkinson cycle
Authors: Liu Yang , He Yituan , Han Cuijie , Yuan Chenheng
Published: January 2019

In order to reduce the heat loss and improve the indicated thermal efficiency of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas engines, this article presents a combination of Atkinson cycle with high compression ratio and low heat rejection on the hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas prototype engine with 55% hydrogen blend. The combustion characteristics and energy distribution of the prototype and modified engines were investigated by simulation, and the conclusions are as follows: the pressure and temperature of modified engines are higher than those of the prototype during the combustion process. Compared with the prototype, the modified engines present lower peak heat release rate, but faster combustion after ignition, and their CA50 are closer to top dead center. Although the high compression ratio engine with Atkinson cycle generates more heat loss, its indicated thermal efficiency still increases by 0.6% with the decrease in the exhaust energy. Furthermore, the high compression ratio engine with low heat rejection and Atkinson cycle combines the advantages of low heat loss and relatively longer expansion stroke, so its heat loss reduces obviously, and 61.6% of the saved energy from low heat rejection and Atkinson cycle can be converted into indicated work that indicates a 4.5% improvement in indicated thermal efficiency over the prototype, which makes it perform better in terms of power and fuel economy simultaneously.
Parameter optimization of a motorized spindle lubrication system using biogeography-based optimization
Authors: Zhang Lixiu , Yu Shiyao , Wu Yuhou , Zhang Ke , Shi Qinghua , An Dong
Published: January 2019

Using response surface methodology, two-target parameter mathematical models for a 100MD60Y4 motorized spindle are established using biogeography-based optimization. Air supply pressure, fuel supply rate, and oil supply interval are the independent variables, while the spindle temperature increase and oil mist PM2.5 cumulative volume distribution percentage are the response variables. Biogeography-based optimization is used to find a set of optimal lubrication system parameters with the constraint of a small temperature increase in the motorized spindle at 30,000 r/min while considering the influence of oil mist particle size on environmental quality. After lubrication system parameter optimization, comparing the particle size distribution density and temperature increase between the biogeography-based optimization model’s calculated values and the experimental test results, the errors were 1.8% and 1.17%, respectively.
Steady-state optimization operation of the west–east gas pipeline
Authors: Liu Enbin , Lv Liuxin , Ma Qian , Kuang Jianchao , Zhang Lu
Published: January 2019

A pipeline operation optimization model with minimum energy consumption as the objective function was established based on the dynamic programming method. The model was applied to a 3840 km gas pipeline whose designed pipeline capacity was 170 × 108 t/a. There were 40 stations in the line, including 22 compressor stations and 32 compressors. The solution time was controlled within 60 s to show that the algorithm was fast and effective. The number of starting-up compressors in the optimized scheme is two more than that in the actual operation scheme, and the total pressure drop of the pipeline decreased by 3.40 MPa, the average efficiency of the gas turbine units increased by 4.234%, the average efficiency of the electric drive units increased by 4.875%, and the power decreased by 18,720.38 kW, confirming the validity and feasibility of the optimization model.
Inhibition by O-desmethyltramadol of glutamatergic excitatory transmission in adult rat spinal substantia gelatinosa neurons
Authors: Koga Akiko , Fujita Tsugumi , Piao Lian-Hua , Nakatsuka Terumasa , Kumamoto Eiichi
Published: January 2019

To reveal cellular mechanisms for antinociception produced by clinically used tramadol, we investigated the effect of its metabolite O-desmethyltramadol (M1) on glutamatergic excitatory transmission in spinal dorsal horn lamina II (substantia gelatinosa; SG) neurons. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied at a holding potential of −70 mV to SG neurons of an adult rat spinal cord slice with an attached dorsal root. Under the condition where a postsynaptic action of M1 was inhibited, M1 superfused for 2 min reduced the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current in a manner sensitive to a μ-opioid receptor antagonist CTAP; its amplitude and also a response of SG neurons to bath-applied AMPA were hardly affected. The presynaptic effect of M1 was different from that of noradrenaline or serotonin which was examined in the same neuron. M1 also reduced by almost the same extent the peak amplitudes of monosynaptic primary-afferent Aδ-fiber and C-fiber excitatory postsynaptic currents evoked by stimulating the dorsal root. These actions of M1 persisted for >10 min after its washout. These results indicate that M1 inhibits the quantal release of L-glutamate from nerve terminals by activating μ-opioid but not noradrenaline and serotonin receptors; this inhibition is comparable in extent between monosynaptic primary-afferent Aδ-fiber and C-fiber transmissions. Considering that the SG plays a pivotal role in regulating nociceptive transmission, the present findings could contribute to at least a part of the inhibitory action of tramadol on nociceptive transmission together with its hyperpolarizing effect as reported previously.
Altered glial glutamate transporter expression in descending circuitry and the emergence of pain chronicity
Authors: Guo Wei , Imai Satoshi , Zou Shiping , Yang Jiale , Watanabe Mineo , Wang Jing , Dubner Ronald , Wei Feng , Ren Ke
Published: January 2019

Background

The glutamate type 1 transporter (GLT1) plays a major role in glutamate homeostasis in the brain. Although alterations of GLT1 activity have been linked to persistent pain, the significance of these changes is poorly understood. Focusing on the rostral ventromedial medulla, a key site in pain modulation, we examined the expression and function of GLT1 and related transcription factor kappa B-motif binding phosphoprotein (KBBP) in rats after adjuvant-induced hind paw inflammation.

Results

After inflammation, GLT1 and KBBP showed an early upregulation and gradual transition to downregulation that lasted throughout the eight-week observation period. Nitration of GLT1 was reduced at 30 min and increased at eight weeks after inflammation, suggesting an initial increase and later decrease in transporter activity. Mechanical hyperalgesia and paw edema exhibited an initial developing phase with peak hyperalgesia at 4 to 24 h, a subsequent attenuating phase, followed by a late persistent phase that lasted for months. The downregulation of GLT1 occurred at a time when hyperalgesia transitioned into the persistent phase. In the rostral ventromedial medulla, pharmacological block with dihydrokainic acid and RNAi of GLT1 and KBBP increased nociception and overexpression of GLT1 reversed persistent hyperalgesia. Further, the initial upregulation of GLT1 and KBBP was blocked by local anesthetic block, and pretreatment with dihydrokainic acid facilitated the development of hyperalgesia.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the initial increased GLT1 activity depends on injury input and serves to dampen the development of hyperalgesia. However, later downregulation of GLT1 fosters the net descending facilitation as injury persists, leading to the emergence of persistent pain.
Long-term results of arthroscopic debridement and percutaneous pinning for chronic dynamic scapholunate instability
Authors: Kim Jin-Kak , Lee Seung-Jin , Kang Sae-Hyun , Park Jun-Sik , Park Jin , Kim Gab-Lae
Published: January 2019

There are various treatments for chronic dynamic scapholunate instability and there is still much debate about the best method of treatment. We retrospectively analysed 42 patients who had been treated by arthroscopic debridement and percutaneous pinning for chronic dynamic scapholunate instability. All patients were clinically improved without radiographic changes after surgery and were still satisfied at a mean follow-up of 68 months. Arthroscopic debridement and percutaneous pinning may be a good option for treating chronic dynamic scapholunate instability.

Level of evidence: IV
Practical Considerations for School Nurses in Improving the Nutrition of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: McIntosh Constance E. , Kandiah Jayanthi , Boucher Naomi Rachel
Published: January 2019

Children with autism spectrum disorder may exhibit issues with food selectivity and/or picky eating habits. Symptoms of autism such as sensory sensitivity contribute to why these children refuse to eat food, but medications, food intolerance, and even financial status can cause this issue to become concerning to a student’s overall health. School nurses are imperative in the health care of children with autism spectrum disorder and must understand why food selectivity occurs in order to maintain or improve the nutrition status of their students. This article provides an overview of food selectivity and where it stems from as well as 10 tips in working with food selective children.
Expression of CD62P and CD154 in peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their correlation with clinical indexes
Authors: Qu Shiping , Yu Chunyi , Xing Qian , Hu Haisheng , Jin Haiyan
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of CD62P and CD154 in peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their correlation with the clinical indexes of RA. A total of 60 RA patients diagnosed and treated in the Department of Rheumatism in our hospital from January to December 2016 were selected as the RA group, and 60 cases of healthy subjects were selected as the control group. CD62P and CD154 levels in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry using the FACS Vantage flow cytometer, and the correlation analysis with the clinical indexes of RA patients were conducted. The levels of CD62P and CD154 in the peripheral blood of RA group were 28.75% ± 1.48% and 26.84% ± 1.03%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P < 0.05). The levels of white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin (IL)-37 in the RA group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). Pearson test showed that CD62P and CD154 levels in the peripheral blood in the RA group were positively correlated with serum WBC, PLT, ESR, RF, CRP, IL-37, and disease activity score 28 (DAS28) ( P < 0.05), but not correlated with disease course ( P > 0.05). The expression of CD62P and CD154 in peripheral blood of patients with RA was upregulated, and their expression levels were correlated with the activity of RA and the degree of joint lesion.
Risk-Taking and Sensation Seeking in Military Contexts: A Literature Review
Authors: Breivik Gunnar , Sand Trond Svela , Sookermany Anders McD
Published: January 2019

The article is based on a literature review of studies covering risk-taking and sensation seeking within military contexts over a time span of 3 decades from 1983 to 2015. Literature was gathered through a four-stage search procedure identifying 25 studies of risk-taking and 16 studies of sensation seeking altogether. Because warfare and military conflicts are dangerous and risky pursuits, one could imagine there being a lot of empirical research about risk-taking and sensation seeking in the military. We have found this not to be the case. The research is both small in volume and scattered when it comes to use of theories, methods, and samples of military personnel. In general, there seem to be few clear research paradigms. The results of the empirical studies show that there are adaptive as well as nonadaptive forms of risk-taking in relation to military situations. Similarly, military personnel scoring high on sensation seeking possess certain advantages, for instance, dealing with stress and risk, yet may also cause problems of various kinds. The review ends by pointing out implications for research and practice.
A Closer Look at the Relationship Between Industry and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Surgeons
Authors: Hughes Jonathan D. , Shin Jason J. , Albers Marcio , Musahl Volker , Fu Freddie H.
Published: January 2019

Background:

A recent study demonstrated that discrepancies exist between disclosures reported by authors publishing in The American Journal of Sports Medicine and disclosures listed in the Physician Payments Sunshine Act–initiated Open Payments database, managed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). However, no study to date has explored the relationship between the biopharmaceutical and device industry (industry) and the membership base of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM).

Purpose:

To critically examine the relationship between orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons and industry.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

The publicly available CMS Open Payments database website was accessed to search for sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons in the United States who were members of the AOSSM. Financial data, specifically general, research, and ownership payments for 2015, were recorded for each surgeon. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) disclosures of each surgeon were then obtained. Descriptive statistics and simple proportions were calculated to summarize the collected data, including years in practice and amount of payment. Median values for general payments were compared to provide a more accurate reflection of payments transferred to a “typical” sports medicine surgeon.

Results:

A total of $58,113,561 in general payments, $3,996,051 in research payments, $72,481,814 in money invested, and $144,552,383 in interest earned from money invested were identified as being paid to 2274 surgeons (all amounts in US$). The distribution of total general payments received was skewed: 10% of surgeons received 95.4% ($55,463,183) of the total general payments. A total of 1433 surgeons had completed, up-to-date AAOS disclosures. Although 44% (635 surgeons) self-reported no financial conflict to the AAOS, the Open Payments database indicated some level of industry support to these surgeons. Unreported general payments totaled $1,393,212, or a median of $561 per surgeon (interquartile range, $10-$200,048).

Conclusion:

Although orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons received substantial payments from industry, most of the total general payments were given to a small proportion of people. The regional distribution of these payments did not differ significantly. Summary reports of data are largely skewed by outliers and should be interpreted with caution. However, a large percentage of these surgeons failed to reveal industry support of any kind in their AAOS disclosures, including meals and educational funding, demonstrating the importance of transparency and accuracy when completing financial disclosures.
FLT3-ITD impedes retinoic acid, but not arsenic, responses in murine acute promyelocytic leukemias
Authors: Esnault Cécile , Rahmé Ramy , Rice Kim L. , Berthier Caroline , Gaillard Coline , Quentin Samuel , Maubert Anne-Lise , Kogan Scott , de Thé Hugues
Published: January 2019

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is often associated with activating FLT3 signaling mutations. These are highly related to hyperleukocytosis, a major adverse risk factor with chemotherapy-based regimens. APL is a model for oncogene-targeted therapies: all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic both target and degrade its ProMyelocytic Leukemia/Retinoic Acid Receptor α (PML/RARA) driver. The combined ATRA/arsenic regimen now cures virtually all patients with standard-risk APL. Although FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) was an adverse risk factor for historical ATRA/chemotherapy regimens, the molecular bases for this effect remain unknown. Using mouse APL models, we unexpectedly demonstrate that FLT3-ITD severely blunts ATRA response. Remarkably, although the transcriptional output of initial ATRA response is unaffected, ATRA-induced PML/RARA degradation is blunted, as is PML nuclear body reformation and activation of P53 signaling. Critically, the combination of ATRA and arsenic fully rescues therapeutic response in FLT3-ITD APLs, restoring PML/RARA degradation, PML nuclear body reformation, P53 activation, and APL eradication. Moreover, arsenic targeting of normal PML also contributes to APL response in vivo. These unexpected results explain the less favorable outcome of FLT3-ITD APLs with ATRA-based regimens, and stress the key role of PML nuclear bodies in APL eradication by the ATRA/arsenic combination.
Foot orthoses for people with rheumatoid arthritis: a survey of prescription habits among podiatrists
Authors: Chapman Lara S. , Redmond Anthony C. , Landorf Karl B. , Rome Keith , Keenan Anne‐Maree , Waxman Robin , Alcacer‐Pitarch Begonya , Siddle Heidi J. , Backhouse Michael R.
Published: January 2019

Background

Guidelines recommend foot orthoses for people with both early (< 2 years) and established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While prefabricated foot orthoses are cheaper and can exhibit comparable effects to customised devices, the available evidence for their effectiveness is inconsistent. Little is known about what types of foot orthoses clinicians prescribe. This study describes the foot orthoses prescription habits of podiatrists for people with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

One hundred and eighty‐three podiatrists from the United Kingdom (UK) (n = 88), Australia (n = 68) and New Zealand (n = 27) completed a self‐administered, online survey regarding the types of foot orthoses prescribed in clinical practice for people with RA. This study forms part of a wider international survey exploring foot orthosis prescription habits.

Results

UK respondents were more likely to prescribe prefabricated orthoses for early RA (n = 47, 53%) and customised orthoses for established RA (n = 47, 53%). Respondents in Australia were more likely to prescribe customised orthoses for both early (n = 32, 47%) and established (n = 46, 68%) RA, whilst respondents in New Zealand were more likely to prescribe prefabricated orthoses for both early (n = 16, 59%) and established (n = 10, 37%) disease.

Irrespective of disease stage, the use of foam impression boxes was more prevalent in the UK and New Zealand when capturing a model of the feet prior to manufacturing customised orthoses. In contrast, electronic scanning and plaster of Paris were more common in Australia. Computer aided manufacture was utilised more frequently among respondents in Australia than in the UK and New Zealand. Respondents in all three countries specified more flexible shell materials for established RA, compared to early disease. Cushioning top covers (e.g. PORON® or polyurethane) were most frequently specified in all countries for both disease stages.

Conclusions

Considerable variation was seen in the self‐reported foot orthoses prescription habits of respondents for people with RA. Variation between countries and disease stage was seen in type of orthoses, specific brands, manufacturing methods, and materials prescribed. The results allow podiatrists and broader health service providers to compare their practice against reported national and international patterns.
Validation of the Chinese Manchester foot pain and disability index (C‐MFPDI) among patients with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Erh Brina Xing Ying , He Hong‐gu , Carter Kate Frances , Cheung Peter P. , Tan Daphne S. , Wang Wenru , Rome Keith
Published: January 2019

Background

The Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) is a patient‐reported outcome tool used to measure foot pain and foot‐related disability. The English version of the MFPDI has been successfully translated into other European languages, but there was no Chinese version to use in Chinese‐speaking communities. The cross‐sectional correlational study aimed to translate the MFPDI from English into simplified Chinese (C‐MFPDI) and to test its psychometric properties among people with inflammatory arthritis in Singapore.

Methods

The MFPDI was translated from English into Chinese using a forward‐backward translation framework and was administered to 100 Chinese‐speaking people with inflammatory arthritis. From the original 100 participants, 30 participants re‐evaluated the C‐MFPDI after 2 weeks. A Visual Analogue Scale and the Taiwan Chinese Foot Function Index in simplified Chinese were used to evaluate concurrent validity with the C‐MFPDI. Health‐related quality of life was assessed using the Chinese version of the European Quality of Life‐5 Dimension to test construct validity.

Results

The C‐MFPDI had a high translation equivalent rate (96.3%) and content validity index (0.92), good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.90) and test‐retest reliability (ICC = 0.87). The concurrent validity of the C‐MFPDI was demonstrated to be acceptable through its significantly moderate to strong positive correlations with the Taiwan Chinese Foot Function Index (r = 0.62–0.72, p < 0.01) and Visual Analogue Scale foot pain (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). The C‐MFPDI total scores were moderately negatively associated with Chinese European Quality of Life‐5 Dimension utility scores (r = − 0.40, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The C‐MFPDI had good psychometric properties. The C‐MFPDI can be used to assess disabling foot pain, impairment and disability in Chinese‐speaking people with inflammatory arthritis.
A double hit preeclampsia model results in sex-specific growth restriction patterns
Authors: Stojanovska Violeta , Dijkstra Dorieke J. , Vogtmann Rebekka , Gellhaus Alexandra , Scherjon Sicco A. , Plösch Torsten
Published: January 2019

Preeclampsia is a multifactorial pregnancy-associated disorder characterized by angiogenic dysbalance and systemic inflammation, however, animal models which combine these two pathophysiological conditions are missing. Here we introduce a novel double-hit preeclampsia mouse model which mimics the complex multifactorial conditions that are present during preeclampsia, and allows for the investigation of early consequences for the fetus. Adenoviral overexpression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration at mid-gestation in pregnant mice resulted in hypertension and albuminuria comparable to that of the manifestation in humans. A metabolomics analysis revealed that preeclamptic dams have increased plasma concentrations of phosphadytilcholines. The fetuses of both sexes were growth restricted, however in males a brain-sparing effect was seen as compensation to this growth restriction. According to the plasma metabolomics, male fetuses showed changes in amino acid metabolism, while female fetuses showed pronounced alterations in lipid metabolism. Our results show that combined exposure to sFlt-1 and LPS mimics the clinical symptoms of preeclampsia and affects fetal growth in a sex-specific manner with accompanying metabolome changes.
GM130 and p115 play a key role in the organisation of the early secretory pathway during skeletal muscle differentiation
Authors: Giacomello Emiliana , Ronchi Paolo , Pepperkok Rainer
Published: January 2019

Skeletal muscle (SKM) differentiation is a highly regulated process leading to the formation of specialised cells with reorganised compartments and organelles, such as those of the early secretory pathway. During SKM differentiation the Golgi complex (GC) redistributes close to the nuclear envelope and in small distinct peripheral structures distributed throughout the myotube. Concurrently, GC elements closely associate with endoplasmic reticulum-exit sites (ERES). The mechanisms underlying this reorganisation and its relevance for SKM differentiation are poorly understood. Here, we show, by time-lapse imaging studies, that the changes in GC organisation involve GC fragmentation and redistribution of ERES with the formation of tightly associated GC–ERES units. We show that knockdown of GM130 (also known as GOLGA2) or p115 (also known as USO1), two regulators of the early secretory pathway, impairs GC and ERES reorganisation. This in turn results in inhibition of myotube fusion and M-cadherin (also known as CDH15) transport to the sarcolemma. Taken together, our data suggest that the correct reorganisation of the early secretory pathway components plays an important role in SKM differentiation and, thus, associated pathologies.
Recent advances in understanding the epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections
Authors: Sreeramoju Pranavi
Published: January 2019

Since the 2014 publication of updates to the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) compendium of strategies to reduce healthcare-associated infections, there have been several advances in understanding the epidemiology of these diseases. This review article captures many of the key advances but does not include all of them.
Recent advances in understanding necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Alganabi Mashriq , Lee Carol , Bindi Edoardo , Li Bo , Pierro Agostino
Published: January 2019

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a devastating intestinal disease affecting preterm infants. In spite of ongoing research and advancement in neonatal care, mortality remains high, especially in infants with advanced disease. The mechanism of disease development, the progression of intestinal injury, and management remain areas of ongoing research and controversy. In this review, we examine our current understanding of the disease, its epidemiology, the risk factors associated with the development of the disease, and its pathophysiology. We also describe current management and new emerging research highlighting potential future directions.
Case Report: Concurrent primary CNS lymphoma and meningothelial meningioma - nuances of diagnosis and management
Authors: Kashyap Samir , Bernstein Jacob , Bowen Ira , Menoni Rosalinda , Miulli Dan
Published: January 2019

Background: The incidence of two distinct primary intracranial pathologies is an exceedingly rare phenomenon. Although meningiomas are well known to coexist with other primary intracranial malignancies there are only nine reported cases of a meningioma occurring simultaneously with primary CNS lymphoma in the literature. We report a case of a woman who sustained multiple injuries due to two distinct intracranial pathologies, however, lateralizing signs were unrecognized for two weeks prior to her final diagnosis.

Case Description: A 64-year-old female with history of diabetes mellitus type 2 initially presented to the Emergency Department, two weeks prior, following a mechanical fall at home resulting in a left bimalleolar fracture. CT imaging revealed a right occipital mass with significant vasogenic edema causing 12mm of midline shift. MRI revealed two distinct homogeneously contrast-enhancing lesions: a right occipital mass with dural-based attachment, as well as a homogenously contrast-enhancing lesion adjacent to the right posterolateral ventricle. FLAIR signal changes were also appreciated and were noted to extend across the corpus callosum, raising concerns for a high-grade glial process. She underwent a right occipital craniotomy with gross total resection of the right occipital mass as well as subtotal resection and biopsy of the second lesion. Final pathology of the extra-axial lesion was found to be meningothelial meningioma and the deep lesion was found to be diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Discussion: We describe a rare instance of simultaneous meningioma and primary CNS lymphoma that was found to be the underlying cause of a traumatic injury several weeks after the incident. We review the current diagnosis and management nuances in the setting of multiple intracranial oncologic processes.
The study of protein recruitment to UV-induced DNA lesions can be distorted by photoconversion of DNA dyes like Hoechst or DAPI
Authors: Hurst Verena , Gasser Susan M.
Published: January 2019

A common approach used to assess DNA repair factor binding in mammalian cells is to induce DNA damage with a UV laser and follow the movement of GFP-tagged proteins to the site of damage. Often these measurements are performed in the presence of the blue DNA intercalating dye Hoechst or DAPI, which is used to label nuclear DNA. A UV-induced switch of Hoechst and DAPI from a blue-light to a green-light emitter will give a false positive signal at the site of damage.  Thus, photoconversion signals must be subtracted from the overall green-light emission to determine true recruitment. Here we demonstrate the photoconversion effect and suggest control experiments to exclude false-positive results.
An overview of the TwinsUK cohort’s anxiety and depression assessment, using the self-reported Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Authors: Abbasian Golboo , Lachance Genevieve , Yarand Darioush , Hart Deborah , Spector Tim , Steves Claire
Published: January 2019

Anxiety and depression are common mental health conditions that frequently coexist. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADS) questionnaire, is a widely used questionnaire, both in the clinic and in research. HADS provides an assessment of anxiety and depression based on non-physical symptoms, hence it can be used in patients with other physical pain and symptoms. This resource provides an overview of all the HADS questionnaires completed by the twins in the TwinsUK registry. This includes both monozygotic and dizygotic twins, over a wide range of age and socioeconomic backgrounds. TwinsUK holds a wide range of phenotype and genotyping data that can be used as confounding factors in the study of mental health.
Resolving outbreak dynamics using approximate Bayesian computation for stochastic birth-death models
Authors: Lintusaari Jarno , Blomstedt Paul , Sivula Tuomas , Gutmann Michael U. , Kaski Samuel , Corander Jukka
Published: January 2019

Earlier research has suggested that approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) makes it possible to fit simulator-based intractable birth-death models to investigate communicable disease outbreak dynamics with accuracy comparable to that of exact Bayesian methods. However, recent findings have indicated that key parameters such as the reproductive number R may remain poorly identifiable with these models. Here we show that the identifiability issue can be resolved by taking into account disease-specific characteristics of the transmission process in closer detail. Using tuberculosis (TB) in the San Francisco Bay area as a case-study, we consider a model that generates genotype data from a mixture of three stochastic processes, each with their distinct dynamics and clear epidemiological interpretation. 

We show that our model allows for accurate posterior inferences about outbreak dynamics from aggregated annual case data with genotype information. 

As a by-product of the inference, the model provides an estimate of the infectious population size at the time the data was collected. The acquired estimate is approximately two orders of magnitude smaller compared to the assumptions made in the earlier related studies, and much better aligned with epidemiological knowledge about active TB prevalence. Similarly, the reproductive number R related to the primary underlying transmission process is estimated to be nearly three-fold compared with the previous estimates, which has a substantial impact on the interpretation of the fitted outbreak model.
Całościowe badania społeczności językowych
Authors: Głuszkowski Michał
Published: January 2019

Comprehensive Research on Speech CommunitiesEinar Haugen’s theory of “ecology of language”, also known as ecolinguistics and linguistic ecology, is an interdisciplinary approach within linguistic studies. The description of language with its “environment”, i.e. speech community, its history, economic and political situation, legal status and other features, is an important part of many research reports in sociolinguistics and contact linguistics. Despite of the usefulness of non-structural factors in linguistic analysis, one has to admit that many scholars, not only representatives of social sciences but also linguists, tend to concentrate on the sociological or anthropological part of ecolinguistic studies and neglect the question of linguistic phenomena or significantly reduce their description. However, there are certain studies from the field of linguistic ecology which can be characterized as comprehensive approaches in the research on speech communities, where socio-cultural and linguistic questions are paid equal attention. One of the most detailed research reports in this field is Tadeusz Lewaszkiewicz’s monograph on the language of resettlers from Navahrudak and its surroundings after the World War II. This in-depth study of a speech community is a rare example of a multifaceted analysis of idiolectal and generational evolution of the Polish language of the Eastern Borderlands.
Questão de segurança ou de direitos humanos? A imigração venezuelana e as mudanças na Política Externa Brasileira
Authors: Londoño Niño Edgar Andrés
Published: January 2019

A forte crise econômica, política e social da Venezuela, que vem se aprofundando desde 2013, tem gerado a massiva saída da população venezuelana a países vizinhos, como o Brasil, onde o crescente número de imigrantes e as condições nas quais se encontrava essa população no estado de Roraima começaram a exigir respostas por parte do governo federal. Este artigo sublinha que as mudanças na orientação da política externa no governo de Michel Temer têm impactado o tratamento das migrações internacionais. Assim, percebe-se que existem, ao mesmo tempo, ações encaminhadas a garantir alguns direitos aos imigrantes e um tratamento dado a migração como um problema de segurança.
Mbembe, Achille. Necropolítica. São Paulo: N-1 edições, 2018, 80p. ISBN 9788566943504
Authors: MARQUES MATHEUS SOUSA , PEREIRA TAINAH
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho resenha o ensaio Necropolítica, do filósofo camaronês Achille Mbembe, recentemente republicado em 2018. O autor demonstra como a questão da soberania deve levar em conta, na contemporaneidade, não somente uma questão de autonomia individual e de busca pela liberdade, mas também o caráter de morte nela presente. Nesse sentido, Mbembe compreende a soberania como a expressão máxima de poder e capacidade de decisão sobre quais vidas merecem ser vividas e quais corpos são matáveis.ABSTRACTThis paper presents a review of the essay Necropolitics by Achille Mbembe, a Cameroonian philosopher, recently republished in 2018. The author demonstrates how the question of sovereignty must not only take into account, in contemporary times, a question of individual autonomy and the search for freedom, but also the character of death in it. In this sense, Mbembe understands sovereignty as the ultimate expression of power and decision-making capacity over which lives deserve to be lived and which bodies are killable.Palavras-chave: Estado de Exceção; Biopoder; SoberaniaKeywords: State of Exception; Biopower; SovereignRecebido em 13 de Dezembro de 2018 | Received on December 13, 2018Aceito em 19 de Dezembro de 2018 | Accepted on December 19, 2018DOI
Amazonia viajeros. Los viajeros y la reflexión sobre la Amazonia en los últimos cien años
Authors: Meirelles Filho João , Martins Fernanda
Published: January 2019

En pleno siglo XXI, incluso a pesar de la gran cantidad de medios tecnológicos y de comunicación disponibles, nuestra visión sobre la Amazonia, sus pueblos y comunidades se asemeja, en gran medida,  a la de un viajero del siglo XIX. Seguimos refiriéndonos a ella como Tierra Incognita, un espacio salvaje, bosque exótico, vacío, riquezas infinitas de El Dorado, infierno verde, en resumen, la mítica visión eurocentrista de la Amazonia-espectáculo. Ni siquiera el fin de ciclo del “boom del caucho” fue suficiente para despertar una profunda reflexión sobre la región, fuera por los propios amazonidas (de los nueve países del bioma amazônico) o por los brasileños en general, especialmente por los primeros, ya que son los que sufren las consecuencias de este hecho. Mientras tanto, en los últimos cien años algunos viajeros, individualmente o en grupo, han ampliado nuestra visión con el fin de discutir la Amazonia y sus complejidades a través de una nueva mirada, menos preconcebida, más cariñosa y generosa. Este artículo refleja la producción textual e inconográfica (incluyendo el soporte de las nuevas tecnologías) de algunos de estos pensadores que recorrieron la Amazonia brasileña para entender su legado; y, al mismo tiempo, presenta caminos para esta reflexión necesaria sobre la Amazonia por parte de sus habitantes, de los brasileños y por la civilización contemporánea para que las actuales generaciones tengan una visión más responsable de la Amazonia.
Un retrato de la Amazonia planetaria
Authors: Marcovitch Jacques , C. Pinsky Vanessa
Published: January 2019

Reducir a cero la deforestación ilegal en 2030 y promover la restauración de doce millones de hectáreas de bosques son dos de los objetivos fijados por Brasil en el Acuerdo de París que fue ratificado en 2016. Este documento analiza las lecciones acumuladas en la gestión del Fondo Amazonia y el sistema de monitorización de los bosques tropicales. A continuación, se identifican las causas de la deforestación, cuyo ritmo viene aumentando nuevamente en los últimos años. Para hacer frente a estas causas y aumentar la percepción de los riesgos ambientales, se recomienda una consolidación de la capacidad científica instalada en la Amazonia, además del desarrollo de nuevas habilidades humanas. Estas habilidades son capaces de articular una acción de larga duración en las áreas de silvicultura, energía, infraestructura e innovación. Estas acciones promueven nuevos polos y centros de desarrollo, estimulan la cooperación internacional y aumentan la oferta de puestos de trabajo, sirviendo para que se cumpla el compromiso de reducir en un 38% las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero para el año 2035 y superar las metas planteadas en la esfera de los bosques tropicales Amazónicos.
Setas como hábitos alimentarios de los indios Yanomami - saberes asociados a la ciencia, a la preservación y a la defensa de la selva amazónica
Authors: Tsuji Nishikido Linda Midori
Published: January 2019

Sanuma, O. I., & Tokimoto, K. et al. (2016). Sanöma samakönö sama tökö nii pewö ao wi ? tökö waheta: anaamopö = Enciclopédia dos alimentos Yanomami (sanöma): cogumelos. São Paulo: Instituto Socioambiental.En la obra de Sanoma samakono sama toko nii pewo ao wi i toko waheta: anaamopo = Enciclopedia de los alimentos Yanomami (sanoma): setas, esta reseña objetiva analizar los estudios sobre setas comestibles consumidas por el grupo indígena san?ma perteneciente a la etnia Yanomami, observando, igualmente, otros saberes desarrollados por los indios, como el control sistemático de la roza, fundamentales para la conservación y defensa de la selva amazónica. La importancia de la obra se establece por la revelación de un conocimiento alimenticio poco común de los indígenas como son las setas, asociada al saber científico, siendo galardonada con el Premio Jabuti en 2017, en la categoría Gastronomía. Es una producción bilingüe en lengua sanoma y portugués, y la investigación es una colaboración entre los profesores san?ma y diversos centros de investigación. Dentro de ese contexto, NoemiaKazue Ishikawa y KeisukeTokimoto tuvieron un papel fundamental actuando como investigadores y mediadores, cuyo resultado es la presente obra.
La Amazonía y la Agenda 2030. Reflexiones sobre una reseña
Authors: Fischer Rosa Maria
Published: January 2019

Collen, W. (2016). La Amazonía y la Agenda 2030. Panamá, PNUD. Disponível em [http://www.latinamerica.undp.org/content/rblac/es/home/library/environment_energy/la-amazonia-y-la-agenda-2030.html].La reseña procura sintetizar los principales aspectos del documento que establece una relación entre los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), propuesto por la Agenda 2030 y los avances y desafíos para la región de la Cuenca Amazónica, que se extiende por ocho países de América Latina, y que contiene el ecosistema de mayor biodiversidad del mundo. El documento tiene el mérito de agregar datos de diversos investigadores y especialistas de forma muy clara, lo que permite al lector el acceso a datos actualizados y fidedignos agregados en cinco dimensiones: personas, planeta, prosperidad, paz, asociación. En tres cuadros temáticos (comunidades indígenas, gestión ambiental y de los recursos naturales, gobernanza multisectorial) se sintetizan los principales desafíos y las posibles soluciones. En esta reseña se enfatiza el papel de la educación emprendedora en la formación de liderazgos que ejerzan una influencia decisiva en los procesos transformadores que deben ser realizados en las dinámicas sociales, económicas, políticas y ambientales de la Amazonia para alcanzar el desarrollo socioambiental propuesto por la Agenda 2030. Esa formación debe impregnar la enseñanza desde la infancia, ya que se trata de la interiorización de los valores. Ya es perceptible en las iniciativas educacionales junto a los jóvenes estudiantes y adultos que buscar cursos de post- graduación, con buenos resultados en el surgimiento de nuevos emprendedores y gestores dedicados a la responsabilidad y sustentabilidad socioambiental.
Fejezetek a függvénytanítás történetéből – Beke Manó és Varga Tamás koncepciói
Authors: Ambrus Gabriella
Published: January 2019

A magyar matematikatanítás történetének kiemelkedő állomása Varga Tamás komplex matematikatanítási kísérlete, amelynek eredményei mindmáig meghatározóak a magyar matematikatanításban. Függvényközpontú matematikaoktatási szemléletének, a függvényekkel kapcsolatos tanítási elképzelésének főbb gondolatait foglalja össze a tanulmány, megidézve ehhez Beke Manó tevékenységét is a függvénytanítás terén.
As interações entre águas subterrâneas e superficiais em uma laguna costeira: Lagoa da Conceição, Florianópolis/SC, Brasil
Authors: Arcari Thiago De Liz , Kern Priscilla , Verona Laura Sobral , Franco Davide
Published: January 2019

As interações entre as águas subterrâneas e superficiais (Asub-Asup) ocorrem em todos os tipos de corpos hídricos, como rios, lagos, lagoas costeiras e oceanos. A importância deste processo é cada vez mais reconhecida e estudada, onde recentes investigações no sul do Brasil identificaram grande importância das descargas de águas subterrâneas (DAS) nos aportes de nutrientes e ciclos biogeoquímicos do oceano. A área de estudo configura-se em uma laguna costeira sufocada, localizada na Ilha de Santa Catarina. O método de identificação e quantificação deste trabalho foi o seepage meter, que consiste em medições diretas e pontuais dos fluxos na interface sedimento-água. A metodologia apresentou resultados satisfatórios, identificando padrões de interação Asub-Asup em cinco estações amostrais. Os resultados apresentaram taxas de DAS variando de -12,0 a 6,0 cm/d, levando à proposta de modelos conceituais dos regimes de interação Asub-Asup localmente, onde presume-se que estes sejam afetados diretamente pelo uso dos recursos hídricos e variações nos gradientes hidráulicos.
Improvement of Viability of Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum with Several Encapsulating Materials using Extrusion Method
Authors: Widaningrum . , Miskiyah . , Indrasti D , Hidaya HC
Published: January 2019

Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum are probiotics commonly applied as dry starter for food system. Drying process in the production of dry starter can reduce the number of probiotics, therefore they are necessary to be encapsulated. Aim of this research was to obtain best encapsulating material for both probiotics. Encapsulation technique used in this research was extrusion with maltodextrine-alginate, sago starch-alginate, corn starch-alginate, and control of treatment skim milk-alginate (w:w) as encapsulating materials.  The four encapsulating materials significantly affected the value of viability, encapsulation efficiency, number of cell in wet beads and dry beads, number of survival cell during drying process, and number of survival encapsulated cell in simulated acid and bile salt conditions. Based on viability of L. casei and B. longum, beads matrix characteristic, number of cell in wet beads and dry beads, and number of survival cells during drying process, maltodextrine-alginate was better than sago starch-alginate and corn starch-alginate, but was not as good as skim milk-alginate (control of treatment) as encapsulating material. Viability (number) of L. casei and B. longum in dry beads of maltodextrine-alginate were 4.69±0.08 log CFU/g and 5.32±0.21 log CFU/g, while number of L. casei and B. longum in dry beads of skim milk-alginate were higher 5.08±0.07 log CFU/g and 6.20±0.16 log CFU/g. L. casei more resistant than B. longum against acidic (low pH) environment. In the presence of 0.3% bile salt, L. casei and B. longum encapsulated with skim milk-alginate increased as much as 2.75±0. 02 and 1.61±0.04 log cycles, respectively.