bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design a PIFA Antenna for Healthcare Application
Authors: Dharunraj S. S. , Vignesh M. , Harish E. , Rajalakshmi B.
Published: August 2024

In the modern era, satellite and wireless communication systems have become integral to an individual's daily life, particularly within the medical and communication sectors. This chapter presents the design of a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) specifically tailored for health-care applications. PIFA antennas are renowned for their low cost, low profile, and high performance over a wide frequency range, making them ideal for integration into biomedical devices. The proposed antenna is designed to resonate at 403 MHz, which falls within the medical implant communication services (MICS) band (402-405 MHz). Utilizing an FR-4 substrate, the antenna achieves a compact size of 12.8 x 12.8 x 0.8 mm3, optimized for in-body implantation. The simulation results demonstrate a bidirectional radiation pattern, ensuring reliable performance. Additionally, the specific absorption rate (SAR) values are well within the established safe limits, making this design suitable for continuous use in medical implants. This combination of features positions the PIFA as a highly effective solution for modern health-care applications, offering both safety and efficiency.
Abundance Ocean Wave Energy to Electricity With Artificial Intelligence and IoT Solutions
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian , Lal Sahil , Arora Manmeet Kaur , Singh Gursahib
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are becoming essential tools for increasing the efficiency and sustainability of this renewable energy source and the ocean energy industry has made significant strides in recent years. The early stages of the industry's research and development are when AI and ML first started to emerge in the ocean energy space. The development, management, and upkeep of maritime energy systems have all changed as a result of these innovations. An enormous, unexplored renewable resource that has the potential to make an important contribution to the world's energy mix is ocean wave energy. In order to maximize the efficacy and efficiency of wave energy conversion, this chapter explores the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IoT) technologies. It looks at these technologies' ability to support clean energy solutions and build a sustainable energy environment particularly in the context of smart cities.
The Role of Logistics in Achieving SDG 15
Authors: Güçlü Zeynep , Senel Buşra Nur
Published: August 2024

This study explores the integral role of logistics in achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15, “Life on Land,” which aims to combat desertification, restore and protect terrestrial ecosystems, manage forests sustainably, reverse land degradation, and halt biodiversity loss. While logistics traditionally focuses on the transportation of goods, its environmental impact and potential for promoting sustainability cannot be overlooked. This chapter delves into the environmental impacts of logistics, particularly land degradation and biodiversity loss caused by infrastructure projects like highways and new road constructions. It also examines innovative technological practices such as drone shipments, which offer reduced carbon footprints, lower emissions, and faster delivery times, contributing to green logistics. Additionally, the chapter compares the Belt and Road Initiative (OBOR) and the Intermodal Europe Conference (IMEC), highlighting their contributions to sustainable logistics.
Optimum Insole Hardness for Attenuating Peak Plantar Pressure Under Simulated Loading Scenarios
Authors: Helili Maimaitirexiati , Geng Xiang , Zhang Chao , Huang Jiazhang , Chen Wenming
Published: August 2024

To provide optimal cushioning capacity, an in-depth understanding of the biomechanical interactions between the foot and therapeutic insoles is mandatory. The goal of this study was to quantify the hardness of plantar soft tissues (PSTs) and investigate the potential association between the hardness of PSTs and the optimum hardness of insole materials. The authors tested the hardness of PSTs in eight plantar regions by using a durometer to examine 30 cadaveric feet. The effects of hardness and loading magnitude on peak plantar pressure at the heel–insole interface were investigated in simulated weight-bearing tests. Significant effects of insole hardness on the cushioning capacity were observed among different loading conditions (p<0.01). No significant association was found between the hardness of individual-specific PSTs and optimum cushioning materials (p<0.05). This study provides quantitative data on PST hardness, and this knowledge may be valuable for developing insole materials with similar hardness to the PST in order to achieve optimum pressure relief under the foot.
A Fitness Distance Correlation-Based Adaptive Differential Evolution for Nonlinear Equations Systems
Authors: Hu Xiaowang , Ning Bin , Wu Jicheng , Gu Qiong , Cai Bojun
Published: August 2024

Nonlinear equations systems (NESs) appear in numerous optimization problems. However, the search performance of the improved evolutionary algorithm is limited due to the lack of analysis of the fitness landscape. In this paper, a fitness distance correlation-based adaptive differential evolution (FDCADE) is proposed. Particularly, firstly FDCADE utilizes fitness distance correlation to extract the local landscape feature of NESs; secondly, according to the fitness landscape correlation, FDCADE adopts the combination of hybrid mutation operators and parameter adaptation strategy to guide the algorithm to search more effectively. To investigate the performance of FDCADE, 18 NESs are used as the test suite. Experimental results demonstrate that FDCADE obtains superior performance on root rate and success rate. In addition, FDCADE also gets competitive results for inverse kinematics of spatial 6R robot manipulators.
Applicability of ‘New Urbanism Concept’ for Sri Lankan Urban Planning: Seeking a Fusion of Sustainability Principles and Development Regulations
Authors: Nawaratne N.M.R.A.T.
Published: August 2024

Despite the fact that sustainability is one of the most discussed themes in recent times, its application in policy-making and implementation remains feeble. Analogous to other seminal fields to which, the aforesaid issue pertain, the fields of Architecture and Urban Planning have seen no exception. Consequently, adhering to sustainability principles in formulating and implementation of development regulations is conveniently neglected in the Sri Lankan context. One of the main underlying reasons for most of the present-day burning global issues (i.e. fuel/energy crisis, social/environmental degradation, intolerable rate of inflation and financial catastrophe etc.) is due to the neglect of the notion of sustainability. The misuse, mismanagement and exploitation of available resources – natural and man-made alike – while paying minimal attention to the most emphasized sustainability principles, have led the country to the critical chapter it is currently in. This paper investigates the possibility of adhering to sustainability principles in formulation and implementation of development regulations for Sri Lanka. In the study, the present-day development regulations in practice are analysed in terms of ten sustainability principles stipulated under discourse of ‘New Urbanism Concept’ (NUC). Thereby, the need of fusing development regulations with the provisions of sustainability principles is highlighted, to make them more applicable in resolving present-day urbanization issues.
Unleashing the potential of the South African designer fashion sector
Authors: Gatawa Nyasha G. , Snowball Jeanette D.
Published: August 2024

Background: The global fashion industry is a key sector in the creative economy contributing to job creation and economic development. Increasingly, fashion design is identified as an important growth area for the African continent but remains an under-researched area.Objectives: Firstly, this article seeks to position the South African fashion design industry within the global and African fashion industry. Secondly, a mapping of the spatial distribution of the industry is conducted to determine the potential of the industry to contribute to regional development. A case study analysis of South African fashion designers is also conducted.Method: A mixed methods approach included constructing a database of 450 fashion designers and related institutions, which was analysed using geographic information system (GIS) mapping. Case studies of selected South African fashion designers were compiled. The study also included document and policy analysis.Results: Analysis revealed that South African fashion designers are not only concentrated in large cities but also have a presence in smaller locations. While some designers are concerned about environmental sustainability, consumers are often more focused on low-cost, fast fashion items. Issues of intellectual property protection remain a concern for designers.Conclusion: The designer fashion sector is a formidable sector of the South African fashion industry, but it faces several challenges that need to be addressed.Contribution: This article brings to light the potential of the South African fashion design industry to contribute to growth and development in the post-pandemic era.
Doctors’ understanding of their learning and learning needs in Kwazulu-Natal district hospitals
Authors: Nkabinde Thandaza C. , Ross Andrew J.
Published: August 2024

Background: Medicine is a self-regulating profession. Doctors must learn how to self-regulate to keep up-to-date with evolving health care needs. This is challenging for those working at District Hospitals (DHs) in rural settings, where limited resources and understaffing may compound a poor approach and understanding of how to become a self-directed learner.Aim: To explore perspectives of doctors working in rural DHs, regarding their understanding of learning and learning needs.Setting: This study was conducted in Bethesda and Mseleni DHs, in rural KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: This was a qualitative study. Data was collected through 16 semi-structured interviews and non-participatory observations.Results: Four major themes emerged: “Why I learn,” “What I need to learn,” “How I learn,” and our learning environment.” This paper focussed on the first three themes. Doctors’ learning is influenced by various factors, including their engagement with clinical practice, personal motivation, and their learning process. Deliberate practice and engagement in reflective practice as key principles for workplace learning became evident.Conclusion: In rural DHs, doctors need to take a proactive self-regulated approach to their learning due to difficulties they encounter. They must build competence, autonomy, a sense of connection in their learning process, thus recognizing the need for continuous learning, motivating themselves, and understanding where they lack knowledge, all essential for achieving success.Contribution: This article contributes towards strengthening medical education in African rural context, by empowering medical educators and facility managers to meet the learning needs of doctors, thus contributing to the provision of quality health care.
Unveiling the mosaic: Exploring various movement disorders in osmotic demyelination syndrome
Authors: Panjwani Ankit , Mudassir Sanaullah , Pandey Nitin
Published: August 2024

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is characterized by noninflammatory demyelination within the central nervous system with symmetrical lesions in the pontine and extrapontine regions, such as the caudate, putamen, midbrain, thalamus, cerebellum, and corpus callosum. Clinical manifestations of ODS can be highly variable, including encephalopathy, bradykinesia, spastic quadriparesis, rigidity, dyskinesias, tremor, choreoathetoid movements, mutism, dysarthria, dysphagia, and ophthalmoparesis. Our study included 11 patients with ODS of whom 9 were male individuals (81.81%). The mean and median ages of the patients were 46 ± 19 years and 57 years, respectively. Most patients (90.9%) had hyponatremia, while one patient (9.1%) had hypernatremia. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were observed in 81.81% (n = 9) patients at presentation. Parkinsonism was the most common manifestation observed in 10 patients (90.9%), all of whom most commonly exhibited rigidity and bradykinesia. Postural tremor was observed in four patients (36.36%), masked facies in six patients (54.54%), dystonia in four patients (36.36%), perioral dyskinesias in three patients (27.27%), and choreoathetoid movements were observed in one patient (9.09%). ODS is typically associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia, especially in patients with predisposing factors. However, in this study, gradual hyponatremia correction was performed at a rate <8 mEq/L/24 hours in three patients who later developed ODS. Individuals with ODS may exhibit symptoms of both hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders due to changes in direct and indirect pathways. Extrapontine involvement can be attributed to either presynaptic striatal dopamine transporter depletion or a deficiency of postsynaptic dopamine receptors. In this study, both hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders can be observed in ODS; however, hypokinetic movement disorders in the form of parkinsonism were more common.
MiR-92a-3p Knockdown Attenuates Transforming Growth Factor-β1-induced Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Targeting LIN28A-mediated EMT Pathway
Authors: Xu Mingzhi , Pang Mingjiao , Wang Chunli , An Na , Chen Ruman , Bai Yafei , He Jiqing , Wang Chunli , Qi# Yonghui
Published: August 2024

The role of microRNAs in regulating tubulointerstitial fibrosis, a key feature of progressive chronic kidney disease, is of significant importance. LIN28A has been reported to attenuate renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Here, our objective was to investigate the precise biological function of the miR-92a-3p/LIN28A axis in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cell line was exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, establishing an in vitro model mimicking tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Luciferase reporter assay was utilized to investigate the relationship between miR-92a-3p and LIN28A. Cell transfection techniques were employed to modify the expression of miR-92a-3p and LIN28A. An in vivo model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis was created by inducing unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in C57BL/6N mice. Our initial observations showed that TGF-β1 treatment of HK-2 cells and the UUO mice model led to an increase in miR-92a-3p expression and a decrease in LIN28A expression. We confirmed that miR-92a-3p directly targeted LIN28A in HK-2 cells. In TGF-β1-stimulated HK-2 cells, knocking down miR-92a-3p notably reduced the levels of alpha smooth muscle actin and vimentin and concurrently enhanced the expression of E-cadherin. These changes were counteracted upon transfection with si-LIN28A. Thus, directing interventions toward miR-92a-3p holds the potential to emerge as a viable therapeutic approach for addressing tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
Prediction of correlation between preoperative parents’ anxiety and their child’s anxiety before elective surgery under anaesthesia: An observational study
Authors: Kumari Kamlesh , Nemani Sugandhi , Rathod Darshana , Sharma Ankur , Bhatia Pradeep K. , Goyal Shilpa
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims:

Preoperative parental anxiety can have a profound impact on their children undergoing surgery. The present study was done to analyse the correlation between preoperative parental anxiety and their child’s anxiety in paediatric patients undergoing elective surgery.

Methods:

Paediatric patients aged 2–12 years, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia, were included in the study. The child’s behaviour and anxiety were assessed in the preoperative area using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS). The parent filled out the demographic questionnaire and the Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form in the preoperative area on the day of surgery. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics software version 23.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA).

Results:

A total of 150 children undergoing elective surgery were analysed. Our results showed a strong positive correlation between a child’s m-YPAS and his/her parents’ anxiety on the day of the surgery (STAI-state) (r = 0.545, P < 0.001). However, the correlation between a child’s m-YPAS and his/her parents’ anxiety levels (STAI-trait) was not found to be significant (r = 0.109, P = 0.188). A positive correlation was observed between a parent’s STAI-state and STAI-trait (r = 0.366, P < 0.001). Factors like area of residence, type of surgery and previous hospitalisation had an influence on the anxiety levels of the child. The birth order of the child, previous hospitalisation and gender of the parent also influenced parental anxiety.

Conclusion:

Parental anxiety has a significant impact on the child’s anxiety during the preoperative period.
Comparison of intravenous dexmedetomidine versus ketamine–dexmedetomidine combination on spinal block characteristics in patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgery – A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Krishna Annapureddy Sai , Agarwal Jyotsna , Khanuja Samiksha , Kumar Sandeep , Khan Adam , Butt Khairat Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims:

One major limitation of the spinal block remains the inability to extend the duration of the block intraoperatively unless planned before with spinal or epidural catheters and/or intrathecal additives. This study was designed to compare the effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine versus low-dose ketamine–dexmedetomidine combination infusion on spinal anaesthesia in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries.

Methods:

This randomised study was conducted in 60 patients scheduled for unilateral lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. Patients were randomised into Group D (n = 30) (0.5 µg/kg of intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine bolus followed by maintenance infusion at 0.5 µg/kg/h) and Group LKD (n = 30) (IV bolus of 0.5 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine and 0.2 mg/kg of ketamine, followed by maintenance infusions of dexmedetomidine and ketamine at 0.5 µg/kg/h and 0.2 mg/kg/h, respectively). Ramsay Sedation Scale score of 3–4 was maintained. The t-test or the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the parameters between groups.

Results:

The mean sacral segment 1 (S1) regression time was 390.3 [standard deviation (SD):84.38] [95% confidence interval (CI): 360.13, 420.53] versus 393.23 (SD: 93.01) (95% CI: 363.04, 423.43) min in Group D versus Group LKD respectively ((P = 0.701). The number of episodes of hypotension was significantly higher in Group D (19 patients) compared to Group LKD (nine patients) (P = 0.001). Pre- and postoperative stress markers (24 h) and the incidence of postoperative nausea and shivering were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). Tramadol requirement in the postoperative period was significantly less in Group LKD compared to Group D (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:

The duration of S1 regression was similar between group dexmedetomidine (Group D) and group low-dose ketamine and dexmedetomidine (Group LKD).
The First Report on Co-existence of Cystic Fibrosis with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Authors: Banjar Hanaa , Alotaibi Mohammed Ghazi , Alnakhli Ali Abdulkareem
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) and Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) are inherited diseases that impair mucociliary clearance. PCD causes ciliary defect in the airways, making them unable to beat normally (ciliary dyskinesia), or absent altogether (ciliary aplasia) while CFTR mutation leads to Epithelium Sodium Channel dysregulation. The association of both diseases and its combination with sickle cell disease (SS disease) has never been described before in the medical literature. Methods: Retrospective study was conducted for a consanguineous family in which data collected for clinical features, laboratory findings, radiological reports, pulmonary function tests, and genetic testing. Results: Nine children presented with respiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal symptoms. The most common respiratory symptoms were recurrent chest infection and recurrent rhino-sinusitis. Laboratory results showed that all nine siblings were carriers for sickle cell diseases. Three siblings were affected with PCD, and one sibling was affected with both CF and PCD. Six siblings were carriers for PCD mutation. Seven siblings were carriers for CFTR mutation, and one was negative for it, but was a carrier for both PCD and sickle cell diseases. Father is affected with sickle cell disease but is carrier for both CF and PCD mutations. The mother was a carrier for both CF and PCD diseases but is negative for sickle cell disease. Clinical, biochemical, and radiological features showed no difference except bronchiectasis in genetically affected children. Conclusion: The combination of both CF and PCD is not uncommon. Screening for both diseases is recommended in the presence of multiple affected family members.
Application of bacteriophage therapy in the treatment of children with acute tonsillitis
Authors: Tolkunovna Turdieva Shokhida , Nishanovich Fayziev Abitdjan , Kizi Abdurashidova Kholida Botir
Published: August 2024

Context

In pediatrics, there is an increasing interest in the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled bacteriophages for treating infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children.

Aim

To analyze the effectiveness of inhaled bacteriophage therapy in children with acute tonsillitis (AT).

Settings and Design

Clinical observation of patients was based on a randomized, controlled research method.

Methods and Material

A total of 212 sick children aged 4–15 years who had AT were examined. Bacteriophage therapy was carried out by nebulizer inhalation using the liquid polyvalent piobacteriophage. Patients were divided into two groups based on the treatment method. One group of patients received a course of bacteriophage therapy against the background of standard treatment.

Results

When patients sought medical help, during the general clinical examination, the following were noted: cervical lymphadenopathy (98.6%), hyperemia of the tonsils and hyperplasia (98.1%), against the background of hyperthermia. Bacteriological analysis of the pharynx mucus showed that the main causative agents of AT in children were the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Patients who underwent inhaled bacteriophage therapy in the early stages of treatment experienced a 1.4-fold greater disappearance of objective signs of pathological processes in the tonsils against the backdrop of rapid improvement in the well-being of sick children. Moreover, the use of a combination of antibiotic therapy and bacteriophage therapy led to a decrease in the detection of pathogenic bacteria, and the effectiveness of drug treatment increased four times.

Conclusion

The use of bacteriophage therapy in the complex treatment of AT in children contributes to a more rapid relief of the acute period against the background of an improvement in the subjective assessment of well-being by up to 25%, and a decrease in the detection of pathogenic bacteria.
Nevus sebaceous of the eyelid: A unique presentation and literature review
Authors: Alrashed Saleh , Altwijri Rahaf , Alsemari Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Nevus sebaceous has been described since 1895 by Jadassohn. It has been described as unctuous yellow nodules with granular-pitted surfaces as a hypertrophic sebaceous gland. It usually appears on the face, scalp, and neck. It has been stated to involve three stages. (1) Being small and yellow in nature and hairless. (2) Enlargement of the glandular part. (3) Malignant transformation. There are a few cases of nevus sebaceous involving the eyelid margin that have been reported in the English literature. We here report a case report of a nevus sebaceous in a child involving the upper and lower lid margin.
Therapeutic efficacy of two tear supplements in the management of dry eye disease in Saudi Arabia: The Twaiq Mountain Eye Study II
Authors: AlShammeri Saleh , AlKhaldi Saleh A. , AlMutairi Reem T. , AlZamil Hamad A. , AlJohani Saad M. , AlJohani Saeed , AlDakhil Sulaiman
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE:

Comparison of the effectiveness between a lipid-based (Cationorm® [CTN]) and nonlipid-based (Artelac Advanced®, 0.2% sodium hyaluronate [SH]) tear supplements in the management of dry eye disease.

METHODS:

This was a randomized, single-masked study (0.2% SH vs. lipid-based eye drops) in two parallel groups over 4 weeks. n = 44 patients were evaluated. The outcome of the tear supplements on the ocular surface symptoms, tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), corneal and conjunctival redness, and strip meniscometry tube (SMTube) were measured after 4 weeks, compared to baseline.

RESULTS:

Compared to the baseline, a lipid-based (CTN) eye drop achieved a significant reduction in symptoms (14.25 ± 12.70 vs. 38.60 ± 23.13 score, n = 22 patients) at 4 weeks; Artelac Advanced®, 0.2% SH and CTN showed an improvement in TMH, but it was statistically significant improved in CTN group in compared to 0.2% SH group. Statistical analysis showed improvement in NITBUT and corneal and conjunctival redness in both treatment groups. At 4 weeks, the LLT had further increased in Artelac Advanced®, 0.2% SH group. Both eye drops did not change the tear production measured by SMTube after 4 weeks.

CONCLUSION:

Both lipid-based (CTN) and nonlipid-based Artelac Advanced®, 0.2% SH eye drops effectively improved tear volume, tear film stability, and ocular surface health. In addition, lipid-based CTN significantly decreased dry eye symptoms compared to Artelac Advanced®, 0.2% SH.
A Review of Landmark Judgments on Medical Negligence
Authors: Munisankar Prudvi , Mada Prashanth , Banka Lahari
Published: August 2024

In light of the survey by the Indian Medical Association showing prevalent fear among medical practitioners regarding legal repercussions, this article examines key judicial precedents that uphold the rights and responsibilities of doctors in cases of alleged medical negligence. Drawing from notable cases such as Martin F. D’ Souza versus Mohd. Ishfaq and Kusum Sharma and Ors versus Batra Hospital and Med. Research Center, the authors interpret crucial principles and emphasize the significance of adherence to standard practices. In addition, it throws light on recent legislative amendments, notably Section 106(1) of The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, and proposed reforms to alleviate criminal prosecution for medical negligence cases. Overall, the analysis presented herein seeks to strengthen the confidence of medical practitioners, reduce their apprehensions regarding legal complications, and promote an encouraging environment for the practice of medicine.
A Case of Catatonia in an 11-year-old Male
Authors: Meshram Sheetal Reshram , Vaidya Tanvi , Bhat Abhay Keshava , Dakshikar Sarika
Published: August 2024

Catatonia due to conversion especially is rare in adults and rarest in children. We present an 11-year-old male with a history of refusal to feed, withdrawn behavior, staring spells, reduced speech output, immobility, posturing, occasional aggression, and decreased self-care that gradually progressed for 1 month and increased over the past 1 week. The patient was treated for catatonia due to an underlying psychiatric disorder. Symptoms of catatonia disappeared uncovering neurological symptoms of conversion. The patient was started on low-dose antipsychotic and showed improvement in both catatonic and conversive symptoms. Behavioral therapy along with medications was continued.
Atypical Presentation of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Clinician’s Dilemma
Authors: Faizee Faizaan , Bhat Abhay Keshava , Jhalak Prashant , Dakshikar Sarika
Published: August 2024

The following case report is of a 17-year-old male who presented to the emergency psychiatry department with complaints of aggressiveness, suspiciousness, hallucinatory behavior with abnormal movements of upper limbs for the past 2 months on the background of withdrawn behavior, low mood, and scholastic deterioration for the past year with positive cerebrospinal fluid antimeasles antibody screen but consecutive normal electroencephalograph (EEG) who responded to olanzapine and valproate with complete control of abnormal behavior and movements. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a dire sequela of measles-induced encephalitis. Symptoms appear around 6–15 years after a primary infection and have varied presentation with mortality around 3 to 6 years of symptom onset. Eighteen percentage of cases show normal EEG tracing with spontaneous remission of clinical features.
Behavioral Types and Cognitive Functions of Parents with and without Alcohol Use Disorder: A Cross-sectional Comparative Study
Authors: Sudevan Swasthy Sheela , Vidyadharan Varsha , Tharayil Harish M.
Published: August 2024

Background:

Children of parents with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are at risk for a wide range of neuropsychological dysfunction and psychopathology. These traits or states may increase their vulnerability to developing substance use. This study attempts to examine the behavioral, intellectual, and cognitive dimensions in children of parents with alcohol dependence so that early identification and intervention can be planned.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional comparative study was done among age- and sex-matched children of alcohol-dependent parents (COA [Children of parents with alcohol use disorder], n = 54) and nonusers (CON [children of non-COA parents], n = 54). Developmental psychopathology checklist, Malins Intelligence Scale, digit span test, and trail-making test were used to assess children. The severity of the alcohol dependence questionnaire was used for the assessment of parents with AUD. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, mean, and range are provided. Comparison between groups was done using the Chi-square test and independent t-test as appropriate.

Results:

COA had significantly higher behavioral problems, more stressors, difficult temperamental traits, low intellectual functioning, deficits in attention, information processing speed, and working memory.

Conclusion:

Children with parental AUD had a higher prevalence of various behavioral and emotional problems and executive dysfunction.
Neuropsychological Deficits and Disability Profile of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Attending Disability Boards
Authors: Ayirolimeethal Anithakumari , Vidyadharan Varsha , Tharayil Harish M. , George Biju
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health concern, often resulting in neurocognitive and psychological deficits leading to diverse disability profiles. This study investigates the neuropsychological deficits and disability profiles of TBI patients attending disability boards, aiming to provide insights for tailored interventions and support systems.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study recruited 35 TBI patients attending a multidisciplinary medical board for disability assessment. Sociodemographic and clinical data, including neurocognitive assessments, were collected using standardized tools. Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi software.

Results:

The majority of participants was males (74.3%) with a mean age of 44.1 years. Closed head injuries were predominant (65.7%), with most subjects experiencing loss of consciousness (97.1%) and undergoing neurosurgical intervention (37.1%). Psychiatric or neurocognitive disability was prevalent (98%), with significant impairments observed across various cognitive domains. However, no significant association was found between overall disability ratings and cognitive impairments.

Discussion:

Findings reveal a high prevalence of psychiatric or neurocognitive disability among TBI survivors attending Disability Boards, with significant impairments impacting daily functioning. While disability ratings encompass various functional domains, cognitive impairments remain a significant challenge for rehabilitation and support.

Conclusion:

TBI survivors attending Disability Boards exhibit substantial neuropsychological deficits, significantly affecting daily activities and quality of life. Tailored interventions targeting cognitive impairments are essential for comprehensive rehabilitation and support services. Further research is warranted to explore the nuances of disability profiles and their implications for long-term care and well-being.
Deciding if a hyperbolic group splits over a given quasiconvex subgroup
Authors: MacManus Joseph Paul
Published: August 2024

We present an algorithm which decides whether a given quasiconvex residually finite subgroup

H

of a hyperbolic group

G

is associated with a splitting. The methods developed also provide algorithms for computing the number of filtered ends

\tilde{e}(G,H)

of

H

in

G

under certain hypotheses and give a new straightforward algorithm for computing the number of ends

e(G,H)

of the Schreier graph of

H

. Our techniques extend those of Barrett via the use of labelled digraphs, the languages of which encode information on the connectivity of

\partial G - \Lambda H

.
Benefits of jejunostomy feeding in patients who underwent gastrectomy for cancer treatment
Authors: Jaquet Romain , Rivkine Emmanuel , De Souza Nicole , Roudié Jean
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Gastric cancer is associated with significant undernutrition responsible for an increase in morbidity and mortality after gastrectomy.

AIM

To evaluate the impact of enteral nutrition by jejunostomy feeding in patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer.

METHODS

Between 2003 and 2017, all patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer treatment were included retrospectively. A group with jejunostomy (J + group) and a group without jejunostomy (J - group) were compared.

RESULTS

Of the 172 patients included, 60 received jejunostomy. Preoperatively, the two groups were comparable with respect to the nutritional parameters studied (body mass index, albumin, etc. ). In the postoperative period, the J + group lost less weight and albumin: 5.74 ± 8.4 vs 9.86 ± 7.5 kg (P = 0.07) and 7.2 ± 5.6 vs 14.7 ± 12.7 g/L (P = 0.16), respectively. Overall morbidity was 25% in the J + group and 36.6% in the J - group (P = 0.12). The J + group had fewer respiratory, infectious, and grade 3 complications: 0% vs 5.4% (P = 0.09), 1.2% vs 9.3% (P = 0.03), and 0% vs 4.7% (P = 0.05), respectively. The 30-day mortality was 6.7% in the J + group and 6.3% in the J - group (P = 0.91).

CONCLUSION

Jejunostomy feeding after gastrectomy improves nutritional characteristics and decreases postoperative morbidity. A prospective study could confirm our results.
Relationship between postoperative rehabilitation style, gastrointestinal function, and inflammatory factor levels in children with intussusception
Authors: Wei Xue-Yan , Huo Hong-Chang , Li Xin , Sun Su-Li , Zhang Jun
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Intussusception occurs in children and progresses rapidly. If not treated in time, it may lead to secondary complications such as intestinal perforation, which affect the quality of life and health of children. Surgery is the most common clinical treatment and has a good effect. However, the postoperative prognosis of children with intussusception has a correlation with the postoperative rehabilitation method. Therefore, in this study, we explored the relationship between postoperative rehabilitation, gastrointestinal function, and the expression of inflammatory factors in children with intussusception.

AIM

To explore the relationship between postoperative rehabilitation, gastrointestinal function, and inflammatory factor levels in children with intussusception.

METHODS

The medical records of 18 children who were admitted to our hospital for intussusception surgery between October 2022 and May 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into the routine nursing group (n = 6) and rehabilitation training group (n = 12) according to the postoperative rehabilitation method. The general data, gastrointestinal function, and inflammatory factor levels of the two groups were statistically analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis of gastrointestinal function, inflammatory factors, and postoperative rehabilitation was performed.

RESULTS

We found no significant intergroup differences in sex, age, or disease course (P > 0.05). The times to first defecation, bowel sound recovery, and anal exhaust were shorter and inflammatory factor levels were lower in the rehabilitation training group than in the routine nursing group (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that gastrin and motilin levels were positively correlated with postoperative rehabilitation (P < 0.05). Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were negatively correlated with postoperative rehabilitation (P < 0.05). Gastrointestinal function was positively correlated (P < 0.05), and levels of inflammatory factors were negatively correlated with postoperative recovery time (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

We found a positive correlation between gastrointestinal function and postoperative rehabilitation training, and a negative correlation between inflammatory factor levels and rehabilitation training in children with intussusception.
Paul’s guidelines for Church Leadership in Timothy 3:1-7 as a template for Churches in Nigeria
Authors: Olajide Rev. Michael D
Published: August 2024

The Apostle Paul has been an iconic theologian of the church. As a diverse society and a
platform where there is expectation for excellence and orderliness, it is imperative for the church to be led by Christ-like, morally sound, and competent individuals. Based on media reports, most churches in Nigeria are mostly governed by individuals who have character deficit and lack leadership acumen. The church, as the body of Christ, must go back to the status-quo, which is the Holy Bible, for ethical direction. The study employed a socio-rhetorical method of studying 1 Timothy 3:1-7 towards developing theological and ethical guidelines for church leadership in Nigeria. In addition, the study made use of interviews as a research tool in gathering relevant information. The research reveals that Paul’s guidelines in 1 Timothy 3:1-7 hinge on character, ministerial, spiritual, household, and social criteria which must be considered as standards for choosing anyone into ecclesiastical leadership positions. It is recommended that church leaders in Nigeria should appropriate the spiritual, ethical and social guidelines as stated in 1Timothy 3:1-7 as an evidence of faithfulness to God and excellence
in Christian ministry.
Human Nature in Building Social Relationships in the Perspective of Hasan Hanafi Islamic Theology
Authors: Saputra Agung , Triani Emi , Nasution Nabila Fahira
Published: August 2024

The concept of man in Islam centres on the belief that man is the most noble creation, endowed with freedom of will and the ability to develop morally and intellectually. Hasan Hanafi, a Muslim theologian, developed a liberation hermeneutic that criticises classical Islamic theology and contributes to understanding human nature from an Islamic perspective. This research seeks to understand how Islam views human nature based on Hasan Hanafi's Islamic theology and the relationship between the paradigm shift from theocentrism to anthropocentrism that affects human life. The research method applied was a descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach. The results demonstrated that Hasan Hanafi's work reflects a critical and transformative approach to Islamic theology, focusing on the practical realities and challenges facing Muslim societies. He advocates a shift from a theocentric theological paradigm to an anthropocentric one, which emphasises humans' centrality in addressing the world's problems. This reconstruction emphasises human self-reliance and makes Islamic theology the foundation of spiritual and practical values. Theocentric approaches emphasise divinity, ignoring human needs, while anthropocentric ones place humans at the centre, potentially endangering the environment. Balancing these approaches will likely serve to promote shared prosperity and environmental sustainability, forming meaningful social relationships.
Factors Affecting Consumers’ Impulsive Buying Behaviour in Selected Supermarkets of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmad Qadri Dr. Faran
Published: August 2024

This study was conducted to examine the factors that affect consumers’ impulsive buying behavior. The research was based on a field survey of 470 customers of Riyadh, Makkah, and Jeddah. Promotional offers, window display, mannequin display, store atmosphere and were the variables used in the study to find out how they affect consumers’ impulsive buying behavior. Simple linear regression was used as the statistical tool for data analysis. The findings highlighted that promotional offer, window display, mannequin display, and store atmosphere trigger consumers’ impulsive buying. The research will surely be useful to supermarkets of the selected cities as they know the things that they have to incorporate to increase sales and customers’ satisfaction.
Economic Development Opportunities and Solution Analysis
Authors: Ngoc Huy Dinh Tran , Dung Pham Anh , Nuong Le Ngoc , Han Le Thi , Ngoc Hien Dinh Tran , Nhan Pham Hung
Published: August 2024

This article focuses on analyzing opportunities analysis for Vietnam economic growth in recent years. Method: Include qualitative research method, synthesis and inductive methods. Results: Authors stated opportunities for economic development including but not limited to: M&A opportunities in the RE market still rising; coming from policy innovation efforts from the government (local); positive economic growth (average 5.2% last 3 years); develop new economic models on cycle economy, green economy, sharing economy, digital economy, chip industries, robotic, etc.
The first experience of tele-primary vascular department to provide assistance to patients with ischemic stroke in the Krasnoyarsk territory
Authors: Shnyakin Pavel G. , Khalo Natalya V. , Grigoriev Evgeniy A. , Gavrilova Anna O.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Over 2023, in vascular centers of the Krasnoyarsk Territory thrombolysis operations were performed in five hundred ninety six cases with ischemic stroke, which amounted to 7.7% of all admitted patients and corresponds to the recommended federal indices. Nevertheless, due to the length and sparsely populated territory, there remains a part of patients who live in territories remote from the PVD and Regional Vascular Centers (RVC), when the transport leg significantly exceeds the “therapeutic window”, and therefore reperfusion therapy becomes impossible for them. The solution to this problem was the management of tele-PVD in a number of territories of the Russian Federation on the basis of district hospitals with the availability of Multispiral Computer Tomography (MSCT) in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Results. The first results of performing 20 thrombolysis in the tele-PVD showed the effectiveness and safety of the technique. Hemorrhagic transformations according to the control MSCT were no observed. There were no fatal outcomes among the patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy (TLT). Regression of neurological deficit occurred in 55% of cases, 75% of patients were discharged in Rankin 1–2 state. The results of thrombolytic therapy correspond to the indices of regional and urban vascular centers.
Conclusion. Performing thrombolytic therapy in tele-PVD under the telemedicine supervision of RVC specialists is a safe and effective procedure and allows increasing the number of reperfusion interventions in patients with ischemic stroke.
Comorbid conditions in children with cystic fibrosis from various ethnic groups of the North Caucasus Federal District
Authors: Simonov Maxim V. , Simonova Olga I. , Chudakova Daria A. , Gorinova Yulia V. , Kondakova Olga B. , Demyanov Dmitriy S. , Pushkov Alexander A. , Savostyanov Kirill V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease resulting from the presence of pathogenic nucleotide variants (NVs) in the CTFR gene, encoding a regulator of the transmembrane transport of chloride ions. CF is characterized by an impaired secretory function of the epithelial cells of exocrine glands and, as a consequence, a number of systemic progressive pathological changes in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, etc. CF might be accompanied by a number of comorbidities (CMs), including those leading to the development of mutual burden, affecting the diagnosis or choice of therapy. At the same time, of CMs repertoire in CF may vary in different ethnic groups and populations, especially geographically isolated ones. Thus, for more informed approach to the diagnosis and treatment of CF in certain ethnic groups and populations, it is necessary to determine the CMs repertoire characteristic of these groups.
Materials and methods. The study included one hundred twenty five 2 months to 17 years and 11 months patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CF. The children were divided into groups according to ethnicity: residents of the Chechen Republic (71 patient), residents of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (23 patients), residents of the Republic of Ingushetia (9 patients), the Republic of Dagestan (16 patients), the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania (6 patients).
Results. The frequencies and spectrum of comorbidities (CMs) in CF children from ethnic groups living in the North Caucasus Federal District differ from those previously described for CF patients from other populations and ethnic groups. The most common CMs identified in this study are adenoid hypertrophy (n = 51; 40.8%), chronic gastritis (n = 47; 37.6%), lactase deficiency (n = 38; 30.4%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 30; 24%), development retardation (n = 22; 17.6%), allergies of various origins (n = 21; 16.8%), and consequences of perinatal damage to the central nervous system (n = 11; 8.8%).
Conclusion. For the early differential diagnosis of CMs and further clinical management of pediatric CF patients, it is necessary to implement an interdisciplinary approach using of medical genetic methods, as well as additional monitoring by several medical specialists. First and foremost, the decision on which medical specialists should be involved in a clinical management of such patients should be based on the CMs repertoire prevailing in a given population or ethnic group. When performing a clinical monitoring of the CF children from the ethnic groups living predominantly in the North Caucasus Federal District, it is advisable to choose the therapeutic approach that takes into account the ethnic-specific features of CMs, identified in our work.