bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Quasi-Steady Environment for PM2.5 Laser-based Monitoring System During Dry Season in Two Consecutive Years
Authors: Tomo Haryo , Dewi Kania , Lestari Puji
Published: March 2024

PM2.5 particulates are known to be air pollutant species that can be transported over long distances. The movement of PM2.5 in certain conditions is not only influenced by changes in microclimate, especially wind speed, wind direction and radiative transfer mechanisms, but also because of the nature of Brownian motion. In this paper, the behaviour of the presence of PM2.5 during the Dry Season will be presented in two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) where monitoring uses laser-based instruments. Monitoring is carried out in locations that have calm wind distribution characteristics that reach more than 60%, meaning that convective air mass movements occur in a minimum (quasi-steady) amount. By locating monitoring equipment at this location, it is expected to provide an overview of the PM2.5 concentration patterns both daily and monthly and prove the preposition that the two pollutant parameters are able to be present in locations that have quasi-steady conditions due to non-convective transport mechanisms.
Deep-learning enabled online mass spectrometry
of the reaction product from a single catalyst
nanoparticle
Authors: Langhammer Christoph , Moberg Henrik Klein , Nedrygailov Ievgen , Albinsson David , Fritzsche Joachim
Published: March 2024

Extracting tiny signals from noise is a generic challenge in experimental science. In catalysis, this challenge manifests itself as the need to quantify chemical reactions on nanoscopic surface areas, such as single nanoparticles or even single atoms. Here, we address this challenge by combining the ability of nanofluidic reactors to focus reaction product from tiny catalyst surfaces towards online mass spectrometric analysis with the unrivalled ability of a constrained denoising autoencoder to discern tiny signals from noise. Using CO oxidation on Pd as model reaction, we demonstrate that the catalyst surface area required for online mass spectrometry can be reduced by ≈ 3 orders of magnitude compared to state of the art, down to a single nanoparticle with 0.0072 ± 0.00086 μm2 surface area. These results constitute a new paradigm for online reaction analysis in single particle catalysis and advocate deep learning to improve resolution in mass spectrometry in general.
The Endocannabinoid Activity Remodulation for psychosis Liability in Youth (EARLY) Study: An Open-Label Feasibility Trial of Palmitoylethanolamide Oral Supplementation in Clinical High-Risk State for Psychosis
Authors: Bortoletto Riccardo , Garzitto Marco , Piscitelli Fabiana , Comacchio Carla , Curcio Francesco , Fabris Martina , Sepulcri Orietta , Balestrieri Matteo , Colizzi Marco
Published: March 2024

Background
To date, no psychotropic medication has shown to effectively halt progression to psychosis among individuals at Clinical High-Risk for psychosis (CHR), fueling the search for novel therapeutic agents. Recent evidence supports Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) signaling as a potential psychosis biomarker, also indicating a therapeutic role for its supplementation. Nonetheless, the effect of sustained PEA intake in CHR subjects has never been explored so far.
Methods
We will assess the feasibility of enrolling 20 CHR young adults presenting with attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) in a 12-week, open-label, investigator-initiated, proof-of-concept, single-arm trial of PEA 600 mg/day. Once completed the 12-week phase, participants will be proposed to enter a 24-week extension phase of the study. We will examine PEA ability to reduce APS and psychic distress, PEA safety and tolerability, and the biological basis of PEA effect in terms of modulation of inflammatory response, endocannabinoid (eCB) system, and microbiome.
Discussion
Our trial aims to address an unmet clinical need in CHR subjects, providing an initial solid basis for the development of future studies evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of PEA supplementation in this group of patients.
Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06037993 (https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06037993). Registered on 21 September 2023. Retrospectively registered.
Moving towards Educational Technology Integration: A Mixed Methods Study of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Attitude to the Incorporation of Educational Technology
Authors: Sadeghi Sayed Hadi
Published: March 2024

In an attempt to analyse technology integration, this paper investigates the attitude of Iranian EFL teachers towards the utilisation of educational technology in Iranian EFL classrooms. A total of 115 EFL teachers in Tehran, Iran were selected through a random sampling procedure. An explanatory sequential mixed methods was adopted, where questionnaire data were accumulated and surveyed first, followed by a qualitative analysis of interviews. The findings indicate that Iranian EFL teachers maintain a generally positive attitude towards the incorporation of technology in EFL education, as the participants regarded computer technology as a useful instrument for EFL courses. This research further explores some of the factors challenging technological incorporations in Iranian EFL classrooms, including teachers’ lack of technological know-how, poor infrastructure and the restrictive regulations of the Iranian educational system. The results entail recommendations and implications for the teachers, curriculum developers and authorities in a call for reform.
Optimal Load Attachment of a Deeply Embedded Ring Anchor in Clay
Authors: Lee Junho , Aubeny Charles
Published: March 2024

A Deeply Embedded Ring Anchor (DERA) system has been developed as a cost-effective solution for mooring arrays of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) to the seabed. The DERA boasts several key features, including its versatility in various soil types, compact size, compatibility with diverse mooring systems, multi-line potential, and robust performance even under unintentional loading conditions. While prior preliminary studies have provided valuable insights into how the DERA can enhance cost-effectiveness by offering a high load capacity, these studies have predominantly focused on optimizing anchor performance under translational horizontal and vertical loading. However, to design the DERA optimally, we must also consider its ability to handle inclined loading conditions in addition to lateral and axial loadings. Due to its shorter length compared to a conventional caisson, the DERA has less resistance to moments, making it more sensitive to horizontal load capacity and the optimal load attachment depth concerning load angle. For this reason, our study introduces an analytical approach to evaluate the effects of inclined loading on anchor performance, utilizing the previously validated upper bound plastic limit analysis (PLA) method. In investigating the optimal load attachment of the DERA, this paper conducts a parametric study to analyze how factors such as load attachment depth, anchor aspect ratio, and load inclination affect the DERA's load capacity. Our findings indicate that PLA can serve as a valuable analytical tool for assessing the ultimate load capacity of the DERA, particularly under inclined loading conditions.
Integrative multi-omics identifies regulatory and exhausted T cell types and novel immunotherapy targets in CLL lymph nodes
Authors: Seiffert Martina , Cid Laura Llaó , Wong John , Floerchinger Alessia , Paul Yashna , Schifflers Christoph , Mallm Jan-Philipp , Lichter Peter , Iskar Murat , Zapatka Marc , Moussay Etienne , Paggetti Jérôme , Botana Iria Fernandez , Wierz Marina , Pagano Giulia , Gonder Susanne , Cosma Antonio , Chazotte Margot , Bestak Kresimir , Schapiro Denis , Roider Tobias , Czernilofsky Felix , Bruch Peter-Martin , Dietrich Sascha , Campton D , Gerhard-Hartmann Elena , Rosenwald Andreas , Colomer Dolors , Campo Elias
Published: March 2024

Failure of immunotherapy after applying checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T cells is linked to T cell exhaustion. Here, we explored the T cell landscape in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) using blood, bone marrow and lymph node samples of patients and spleen samples of a CLL mouse model. By single-cell RNA-sequencing, mass cytometry (CyTOF), and multiplex image analysis of tissue microarrays, we defined the spectrum of phenotypes and transcriptional programs of T cells and their differentiation state trajectories. In comparison to blood and bone marrow where T cell phenotypes were similar, T cells in CLL lymph nodes were most distinct. We identified a disease-specific accumulation of regulatory T cell subsets and CD8+ T cells harboring different stages of exhaustion, including precursor exhausted T cells (TPEX) and terminally exhausted (TEX) exclusively in the CLL lymph node tissue. Integration of T cell receptor sequencing data revealed a clonal expansion of TPEX, suggesting their reactivity for CLL cells. Interactome analyses identified novel potential immunotherapy targets for CLL, including the TIM3 ligand Galectin-9. Targeting Galectin-9 slowed down disease development and reduced the number of TIM3 expressing T cells in a CLL mouse model. Galectin-9 expression correlated with shorter survival of patients with CLL, renal cell carcinoma or glioma. It therefore likely contributes to cancer immune escape and represents a novel target for immunotherapy.
WITHDRAWN: Energy-efficient Clustering Protocol Using an Improved Binary Dragonfly Algorithm and Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Behzadi MohamadHosein. , Motameni Homayun , Mohamadi Hosein , Barzegar Behnam.
Published: March 2024

Clustering is an efficient method for creating routing algorithmsin Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which increases the network's lifetime and scalability. Considering the limited capabilities of sensor nodes, such as energy, processing power and communication range, clustering-based routing protocols accommodate the network’s operation with these constraints. Recent related works have proven that the energy consumption of sensor nodes can be minimized if efficient clustering methods are incorporated. In the clustering method, Cluster Head (CH) selection and cluster formation play a vital role in data transmission. This paper proposes a novel hybrid Improved Version of Binary Dragonfly Algorithm (IVBDA) and Mamdani fuzzy inference system for clustering protocols in WSNs. In this approach, first, IVBDAis used to choose CHsand then the Mamdani fuzzy inference system is used to structure clusters. Finally, a multi-hop routing process is used to transmit data packets. The proposed clustering protocol has been simulated on WSNs with different topologies. The performance of the clustering protocol is evaluated using the average energy consumption, the number of live nodes, the network lifetime and the number of packets received by the Base Station (BS). The evaluation results show that the proposed clustering protocol has better performance than the previous protocols.
Comparing surgical outcomes between robot-assisted laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy for allograft kidney tumors: A retrospective, single-center study
Authors: Banno Taro , Kobari Yuki , Fukuda Hironori , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Hirai Toshihito , Omoto Kazuya , Iizuka Junpei , Shimizu Tomokazu , Ishida Hideki , Takagi Toshio
Published: March 2024

Background
Kidney transplantation is considered the best long-term option for patients with end-stage renal disease; however, immunosuppression increases the risk for malignancies. Approximately 0.2–0.5% of kidney transplant recipients experience renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in their allografts. Recently, nephron-sparing surgery has become widely accepted because of its good survival and low recurrence rates.
Methods
In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the peri- and postoperative outcomes of RAPN and open partial nephrectomy (OPN) for allograft RCC, including five and six patients who underwent OPN and RAPN from 1998 to 2023, respectively.
Results
The estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the RAPN group than in the OPN group (6.5 mL [interquartile range (IQR): 1–15] vs. 350 mL [IQR: 139–560], P = 0.006), whereas the operative and renal arterial clamping times were similar. Additionally, perioperative complication rate and its extent were lower in the RAPN group, resulting in a significantly shorter length of postoperative stay than the OPN group (3 days [IQR: 2–5] vs. 10 days [IQR: 8–12], P = 0.01). Postoperative renal function and oncological outcomes were similar between the two groups.
Conclusions
RAPN for allograft RCC demonstrated some advantages in estimated blood loss and length of postoperative stay as compared with OPN, even though the patients’ backgrounds were not adjusted. Therefore, RAPN may be used for managing T1 allograft tumors.
Robot-assisted resection of choledochal cyst in neonates
Authors: Chen Sai , Gao Zhigang , Chen Qingjiang , Qian Yunzhong
Published: March 2024

Objective
Laparoscopic choledochectomy and hepatojejunostomy have been reported in children since 1995, but this procedure is technically demanding. Robotic surgical systems can simplify complex minimally invasive procedures. Currently, few reports have been made on neonates. We present the experience of 6 cases of neonatal CC(choledochal cysts).
Study design:
Between January 2022 and December 2023, 6 neonates underwent robotic resection of choledochal cyst and hepaticojejunostomy using the Da Vinci surgical system at Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, a high-volume hepatobiliary disease center. demographic data of the patients and surgical outcomes were collected and analyzed.
Results
All 6 patients were successfully treated by robotic cystectomy and hepaticojejunostomy. The mean age was 17.3 days (range 4–25) and the mean weight was 3.6kg (range 2.55–4.4). 5 cysts were type Ia and 1 was type Iva. The mean diameter of the cysts was 3.8cm (range 1.25-5). The mean time to establish feeding was 4.83 days (range 4–6), and patients were discharged after a median time of 16.83 days (range 7–42) without postoperative complications.
Conclusions
This procedure is safe and effective for neonates. The authors found that the use of robot-assisted surgery has ergonomic advantages in this delicate, minimally invasive procedure.
Risk factors of ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis: focus on preoperative aortic insufficiency
Authors: Huang Jing-bin , Lu Chang-chao , Wen Zhao-ke , Liang Sheng-jing
Published: March 2024

Introduction: We aimed to elucidate the risk factors of ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis. Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients with infective endocarditis undergoing cardiac surgery. Mechanical ventilation > 72 hours was defined as ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery. Results: 896 patients with infective endocarditis undergoing cardiac surgery were divided into group of mechanical ventilation ≤ 72h (n = 702) and > 72h (n = 192). Multivariate analyses identified age, time between symptoms and surgery, vegetation length, aortic cross-clamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, ICU retention time, serum creatinine before and 24h after surgery, preoperative and postoperative LVEDD, preoperative aortic insufficiency and packed red cells to be associated with ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery; ventilation dependency is significantly related to prolonged ICU stay (>3d), 1- and 5-year mortality following cardiac surgery. All-time mortality (45.3% versus 5.6%, P<0.001) in group of mechanical ventilation >72h was significantly higher than that in group of mechanical ventilation ≤ 72h. A significant positive correlation exists between preoperative aortic insufficiency and ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery. A value of preoperative aortic insufficiency > 5.25 cm2 was 100% sensitive and 64.6% specific for the diagnosis of ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery. Conclusions: We found modifiable risk factors of ventilation dependency following cardiac surgery and optimization of pre-, peri-, and postoperative factors that can reduce incidence of ventilation dependency, therefore, contribute to a better postoperative and long-term outcome.
Clinical Validity of the Cancer-Specific Utility Measure EORTC QLU-C10D: Retrospective Analyses of Four Lung Cancer Trials Using Six Country Tariffs.
Authors: Seyringer Simone , Pilz Micha , Al-Naesan Imad , King Madeleine , Bottomley Andrew , Norman Richard , Schlosser Lisa , Hell Tobias , Gamper Eva
Published: March 2024

Objectives The Quality of Life (QoL) Utility measure, QLU-C10D, is derived of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QoL Questionnaire, QLQ-C30. Based on the cancer-specific nature, the QLU-C10D is expected to be sensitive and responsive in lung cancer patients.Methods This retrospective analysis used data from four lung cancer multi-center trials. Clinical validity was assessed in comparison to a generic standard utility instrument, the EuroQoL Group´s EQ-5D-3L. Utilities for six country tariffs (Australia, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, UK) were calculated at baseline and end of treatment. Country tariff pairs of both measures (k) were compared in terms of Relative Efficiency (RE) and difference in Effect Sizes (dES) of significant t-tests (Bonferroni-Holm correction) in 1) sensitivity to detect differences between performance status groups and 2) responsiveness to changes.Results ad 1) Sensitivity indices favored the QLU-C10D (k = 18, p ≤ 0.019; RE > 1.10; dES > 0.03). ad 2) Responsiveness indices of differences between adverse events groups favored the QLU-C10D (k = 6, p ≤ .006; RE > 1.0, dES > 0.02). Responsiveness indices of changes within clinically known groups (k = 78), largely favored QLU-C10D (k = 74, p ≤ .024; RE > 1.01; dES > 0.02). In summary, 96% of the comparative indices favored the QLU-C10D.Conclusions Our study confirms the clinical validity of the QLU-C10D in lung cancer patients. The QLU-C10D produced homogenous results across six country tariffs and detected differences/changes in alignment with clinical expectations. In most comparisons the QLU-C10D was more sensitive and responsive compared to the EQ-5D-3L.
Efficiency of 2017 ACR-TIRADS combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in diagnosing thyroid malignant nodules
Authors: Bai Zhiqun , Fang Yi , Wang Xuemei , Zhang Zhen , Ji Ziyao
Published: March 2024

Objective
The aim of this study was to compared the efficiency of 2017 ACR-TIRADS and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules, and proposed a new classification system based on CEUS and 2017 ACR-TIRADS.
Method
A total of 788 thyroid nodules which examined by conventional ultrasound and CEUS were analyzed. The efficacy of contrast parameters in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was analyzed by univariate factor and logistic regression. The contrast parameters were assigned according to the results of logistic regression analysis, and then a new classification system was proposed.
Results
1)The result of univariate analysis showed non-uniformity enhancement, hyper- enhancement, fast entry, and rewind down were significant differences between benign and malignant nodules. 2)When taking ≥ 7 points as the cutoff value for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules, the sensitivity and specificity of 2017 ACR-TIRADS were 87.27% and 55.06%, respectively; while that of the combined CEUS and ACR-TIRADS were 86.41% and 57.30%, respectively; 3) Enrolled the 2 points of CEUS into the 2017 ACR-TIRADS assignment process and established a new grading system, namely CEUS-TIRADS, while the sensitivity and specificity of CEUS-TIRADS were 87.27% and 57.30% respectively.
Conclusion
The combined application of CEUS and 2017 ACR-TIRADS had better diagnostic efficiency than that of application alone. The CEUS-TIRADS provided us with a new research direction, that is, to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data of CEUS through prospective research and establish the CEUS classification system of thyroid nodules.
Advances in knowledge
The combined application of CEUS and 2017 ACR-TIRADS provided us with a new research direction, that is, to establish the CEUS classification system of thyroid nodules.
Evolution of Heritage and Development in Liverpool's Waterfront Over 40 Years
Authors: Hole James , Alsalloum Ataa
Published: March 2024

The delisting of Liverpool’s World Heritage Site has brought to light the adverse impact that current developments are having on the city’s heritage. The main questions arising are: How can we protect existing heritage in a city stripped of its World Heritage status to prevent further damage? As this status withdrawal implies a lack of international policy consideration, what additional measures should be implemented? And how could we reassess Liverpool's heritage in this new context? This article addresses these issues by scrutinising the interplay between heritage preservation and urban development on Liverpool's Waterfront's historic urban landscape over the past forty years. An innovative, top-down heritage impact assessment methodology is employed in this study, which examines the influence that developments have exerted on Liverpool’s heritage values. These values are understood in the context of the OUV criteria and the conditions of Integrity and Authenticity. These criteria are assessed across an array of elements, extracted from heritage policy documents, spanning from urban to architectural and intangible facets. This approach distinguishes itself from preceding methodologies through its comparative analysis of these diverse elements. Interviews with professionals well-versed in the Liverpool heritage context further enrich the understanding of developmental impacts. Three distinct case study areas serve as the analysis framework: The Albert Dock Complex (1981-88), the Pier Head Developments (2007–2013), and the Stanley Dock Conservation Area (2021 onwards). This study reveals that adaptive reuse strategies have positively contributed to the persistence of heritage values in the waterfront's historic urban landscape. However, certain urban interventions have demonstrated damaging effects on heritage, thereby mandating stricter regulations to protect Liverpool's tangible and intangible heritage. Moreover, further research is warranted on Liverpool's historic urban landscape, including additional investigation into urban interventions in historic areas.
Integrative Analysis of Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration of ELOVL Gene Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Jindong , Zhang Yan , Jin Chengyan , Wang Bin , Kang Jianxiong , Hua Peiyan
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has drawn attention recently because of its poor prognosis, limited responsiveness to treatment, and lack of trustworthy markers for predicting its development or its response to treatment. It has been established that the pathophysiology and development of various diseases, including malignancies, are influenced by the elongation of the very-long-chain fatty acids gene family (ELOVLs), a collection of genes responsible for elongating saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Unknown is the specific function of ELOVLs in LUAD. Thus, the goal of our research was to elucidate the immune response and prognostic significance linked to ELOVL genes in LUAD.
Methods: Open-access resources such as the TCGA and GTEx datasets were used to analyze the gene expression of ELOVLs across various types of cancers. We investigated the prognostic significance of the ELOVL family using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The cBioPortal database was utilized to assess the ELOVLs' genetic mutation profile. Several techniques were employed to get an understanding into the connection between tumor immunity and ELOVL genes. The WebGestalt database was used to carry out the function and pathway enrichment study of the ELOVL family. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized for the purpose of experimental validation.
Results: We observed a substantial increase in gene expression in ELOVL1, ELOVL2, ELOVL4, ELOVL6, and ELOVL7 when comparing LUAD tumor samples to normal tissues. The upregulation of ELOVL2, ELOVL6, and ELOVL7 has been linked to tumor development and worse clinical outcome. The relevance was further highlighted by our examination of the immune infiltration pattern, which revealed a robust relationship between ELOVL2 expression and mast cell, macrophage, naive B cell, and myeloid dendritic cell in LUAD. ELOVL6 expression exhibited close association with B cell, macrophage, mast cell, CD4+ memory T cell, neutrophil, NK cell, and follicular helper T cell in LUAD. ELOVL7 expression exhibited close association with B cell, macrophage, mast cell, CD4+ memory T cell in LUAD.
Conclusions: This study showed the significant immunogenetic and prognostic importance of ELOVL2, ELOVL6, and ELOVL7 in LUAD. Our findings highlight the importance of these genes and imply that they could function as distinct prognostic markers. Their discovery as immunotherapeutic targets offers an important benefit in fighting against LUAD.
Nutritional Status and Barriers to Optimal Nutrition among Pediatric Cancer Patients in Tanzania: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Katabalo Deogratias M. , Raveendran Yadurshini , Liwa Anthony , Kidenya Benson R. , Schroeder Kristin
Published: March 2024

Background: Childhood cancer is a growing problem and a major public health concern in low- and middle-income countrieswhere over two-thirds of the patients worldwide are currently diagnosed. Despite the recent success in the diagnosis and management of childhood cancer, malnutrition remainsa key setback in attaining better outcome. This study was designed to assess the magnitude of under nutrition and the barriers to optimal nutrition among children with cancer receiving treatment at a major referral hospital in Tanzania.
Methodology: Two study populations were recruited with regard to nutrition status in children with cancer. Children undergoing cancer treatment at a major referral hospital were conveniently recruited and physically assessed for signs of under nutrition. Furthermore, laboratory tests for markers related to nutrition status were also assessed. Parents/guardians of children with cancer were also conveniently recruited into the study, and information regarding accessibility and availability of food, economic influence, community awareness, and the time they spend caring for their sick children was assessed for their influenceon children’s nutritional status.
Results and discussion: The magnitude of under nutrition among children undergoing treatment at a major referral hospital in Tanzania is 60%, which is larger than the global estimate of 50% and larger than the level of under nutrition reported in the general paediatric ward in the same hospital which is at 55.8%. This shows that under nutrition is more pronounced in children with cancer, hence the need for extra attention. Effectiveness of most cancer drugs depends on the presence of various nutrients in the body for their efficient functions. Albumin helps in drug distribution, total protein helps in body repair, and iron helps in blood production. Parents/guardians of the children with cancer reported facing various factors that hamper ensuring their children are getting optimum nutrients. The factors include food unavailability and inaccessibility, living with a large family, difficulty getting to the hospital, and a lack of knowledge and skills about diet and children with cancer.
Conclusion
Under nutrition is prevalentamong children with cancer, this may be attributed by the disease itself as well as knowledge, attitude, and perception of the primary caregivers, living condition at home, economic situation, and community systems.
Disulfiram downregulates ferredoxin 1 to maintain copper homeostasis and inhibit inflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Authors: Yang Shuai , Li Xudong , Yan Jinhong , Jiang Fangchao , Fan Xuehui , Jin Jing , Zhang Weihua , Li Guozhong , Zhong Di
Published: March 2024

In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether disulfiram (DSF) plays a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CI-RI) injury by regulating ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) by modulating copper ion (Cu) levels and inhibiting the inflammatory response. To simulate CI-RI, a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in C57/BL6 mice was employed. Mice were administered with or without DSF before and after tMCAO. Changes in infarct volume after tMCAO were observed using TTC staining. Nissl staining and hematoxylin-eosin (he) staining were used to observe the morphological changes of nerve cells at the microscopic level. FDX1 is the main regulatory protein of copper death, and the occurrence of copper death will lead to the increase of HSP70 stress and inflammatory response. Cuproptosis-related proteins and downstream inflammatory factors were detected by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry. The content of copper ions was detected using a specific kit, while electron microscopy was employed to examine mitochondrial changes. We found that DSF reduced the cerebral infarction volume, regulated the expression of cuproptosis-related proteins, and reduced FDX1 expression without inducing Cu accumulation. Moreover, DSF inhibited the HSP70/TLR-4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Collectively, DSF could regulate Cu homeostasis by inhibiting FDX1, acting on the HSP70/TLR4/NLRP3 pathway to alleviate CI/RI. Accordingly, DSF could mitigate inflammatory responses and safeguard mitochondrial integrity, yielding novel therapeutic targets and mechanisms for the clinical management of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Simulation of a Rohksar-Kivelson ladder on a NISQ device
Authors: Gupta Sabhyata , Javanmard Younes , Osborne Tobias , Santos Luis
Published: March 2024

We present a quantum-classical algorithm to study the dynamics of the Rohksar-Kivelson plaquette ladder on NISQ devices. We show that complexity is largely reduced using gauge invariance, additional symmetries, and a crucial property associated to how plaquettes are blocked against ringexchange in the ladder geometry. This allows for an efficient simulation of sizable plaquette ladders with a small number of qubits, well suited for the capabilities of present NISQ devices. We illustrate the procedure for ladders with simulation of up to 8 plaquettes in an IBM-Q machine, employing scaled quantum gates.
Burnout Components, Perceived Stress and Hair Cortisol in Health Workers During the Second Year of Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Fortuna Federico , Gonzalez Diego , Fritzler Analy , Ibar Carolina , Nenda Graciela , D'Isa Estela , Otero Patricia , Jamardo Juan , Calvo Mariela , Funez Florencia , Minotti Florencia , Filipuzzi Laura , Canellas Noelia , Jacobsen Dario , Azzara Sergio , Iglesias Silvia , Gutierrez Guillermo , Aranda Claudio , Berg Gabriela , Fabre Bibiana
Published: March 2024

This study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in Argentina, during the second wave in 2021. The aim is to assess stress, burnout, and anxiety levels, incorporating the assessment of hair cortisol levels as a biomarker of chronic stress. A total of 496 healthcare workers from three different hospitals were included in this study. Two of these hospitals depend on the Buenos Aires City Ministry of Health and the third hospital belongs to Buenos Aires University. Hair samples were obtained using scissors from the posterior vertex, as close to the scalp as possible. Each sample was weighed, and cortisol was extracted and then measured using an automated chemiluminescent method. Notably, 10% of the population exhibited hair cortisol levels above 128 pg/mg. Anxiety scores surpassed medians for 38%, 52%, and 39% of healthcare workers at Argerich, Clínicas, and Durand Hospitals, respectively. Associations were found between high hair cortisol levels and age, workload, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization. In addition, burnout, identified in 11% of participants, correlated with higher perceived stress, lower social support, and higher anxiety scores. Binary logistic regression revealed associations between burnout and perceived stress, anxiety, and age. Finally, mediation analysis showed depersonalization as a mediating variable in the relationship between hair cortisol concentration and emotional exhaustion. In conclusion, this study highlights the complex relationships between anxiety, stress, cortisol levels, and burnout. Prioritizing interventions and research is essential to support the well-being of frontline healthcare professionals, ensuring their resilience during challenging times.
Oocyte mitochondria link maternal environment to offspring phenotype
Authors: Burton Nick , Cooper Jason , Nguyen Kim , Gates Darrick , Wolfram Emily , Capan Colt , Lee Hyoungjoo , Williams Devia , Okoye Chidozie , Wojtovich Andrew
Published: March 2024

During maturation oocytes undergo a recently discovered mitochondrial proteome remodeling event in flies1, frogs1, and humans2. This oocyte mitochondrial remodeling, which includes substantial changes in electron transport chain (ETC) subunit abundance1,2, is regulated by maternal insulin signaling1. Why oocytes undergo mitochondrial remodeling is unknown, with some speculating that it might be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to protect oocytes from genotoxic damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS)2. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we previously found that maternal exposure to osmotic stress drives a 50-fold increase in offspring survival in response to future osmotic stress3. Like mitochondrial remodeling, we found that this intergenerational adaptation is also regulated by insulin signaling to oocytes3. Here, we used proteomics and genetic manipulations to show that insulin signaling to oocytes regulates offspring’s ability to adapt to future stress via a mechanism that depends on ETC composition in maternal oocytes. Specifically, we found that maternally expressed mutant alleles of nduf-7 (complex I subunit) or isp-1 (complex III subunit) altered offspring’s response to osmotic stress at hatching independently of offspring genotype. Furthermore, we found that expressing wild44 type isp-1 in germ cells (oocytes) was sufficient to restore offspring’s normal response to osmotic stress. Chemical mutagenesis screens revealed that maternal ETC composition regulates offspring’s response to stress by altering AMP kinase function in offspring which in turn regulates both ATP and glycerol metabolism in response to continued osmotic stress. To our knowledge, these data are the first to show that proper oocyte ETC composition is required to link a mother’s environment to adaptive changes in offspring metabolism. The data also raise the possibility that the reason diverse animals exhibit insulin regulated remodeling of oocyte mitochondria is to tailor offspring metabolism to best match the environment of their mother.
Regulatory Role of Sulfated Polysaccharides Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus against Oxidative and Transcriptional Responses in liver of sulfoxaflor exposed mice: assessment of DNA damage, DNA damage repair genes (XRCC1, OGG1, APE1, and PARP1) and antioxidant status
Authors: BENLI PETEK PINER , DAGLIOGLU YUSUF KENAN , COSKUN CAGIL
Published: March 2024

This research aimed to determine regulatory role of sulfated polysaccharides fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus against oxidative and transcriptional responses in liver of sulfoxaflor exposed mice liver. Fort this purpose both sulfoxaflor and fucoidan were given orally to mice for 24 hours and 7 days at doses of 15 mg/kg/day (equivalent to 1/50 oral LD50) and 50 mg/kg/day. At the end of the tests, liver samples were collected and used to assess 8-OHdG levels, the mRNA expression levels of DNA damage response genes such as XRCC1, OGG1, APE1, and PARP1. Furthermore, levels of tGSH and enzyme activity of GPx, GR, and GST, as well as TBARS, were also examined. The results showed that sulfoxaflor caused oxidative responses via increasing 8-OHdG and TBARS levels and altering antioxidant status in the liver. Furthermore, sulfoxaflor increased the mRNA expression of XRCC1 and APE1 genes, which are involved in the DNA repair mechanism. It was discovered that fucoidan protected liver cells against sulfoxaflor-induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation by activating the tGSH and GPx, GR, GST. Additionally, it had a regulatory role in the liver of mice, affecting the mRNA expression of XRCC1 and APE1.
Advancements in Skin Grafting: Development and Applications of a Novel Multi-Blade Dermatome for Concurrent Split-Thickness and Dermal Graft Harvesting A technical note and proof of principle
Authors: Dogan Sinan , Sjöberg Folke , El-Serafi Ahmed T. , Sjöberg Zacharias , Abdelrahman Islam , Steinvall Ingrid , Karlsson Matilda , Olofsson Pia , Lindford Andrew , Vuola Jyrki , Elmasry Moustafa
Published: March 2024

This investigation delineates the evolution and prospective utilisations of an innovative multi-blade dermatome, designed for the concurrent harvesting of a conventional split-thickness skin graft (STSG) and additional dermal graft within the same surgical harvest. Historically, the extraction of dermal grafts has encountered substantial technical impediments, contributing to its limited acceptance and utilisation in clinical practice. The prototype dermatome, introduced in this technical note and demonstrative of a proof of principle application, offers a technical resolution that could facilitate the more extensive adoption of dermal grafting techniques. The dermal segment of an STSG, obtained as a second graft, confers four notable advancements: Firstly, employing solely the dermal component for grafting and repositioning the uppermost skin layer to the donor site markedly diminishes donor site morbidity. Secondly, owing to its elasticity, the dermal graft reduces the need for meshing, thereby enhancing cosmetic outcomes. Thirdly, utilising both the uppermost skin later and deeper dermal layer for the recipient site can reduce donor site areas. Fourthly, the dermal segment of the graft can serve as a dermal matrix in reconstructive procedures, potentially reducing the need for an allogenic dermal matrix and possibly obviating the subsequent STSG, as the dermal graft may heal independently, eliminating the need for an additional conventional STSG. The findings of this study, predicated on the application of a first-generation multi-blade dermatome on four cadavers, demonstrate the feasibility of extracting at least two distinct grafts with pre-determined thicknesses in a single, technically less challenging, surgical harvest procedure. In conclusion, this proof-of-concept research elucidates the feasibility of a multi-blade dermatome, capable of simultaneously yielding at least one conventional STSG and one dermal graft, thereby simplifying the skin graft harvesting. Although these preliminary investigations were conducted on human cadavers, the results hold promise for the development of multi-blade dermatomes and represent a significant advancement in skin graft harvesting. Further research is imperative to refine the prototype and to broaden our comprehension of the potential applications of dermal grafting in various clinical scenarios, where dermal grafts may prove beneficial.
Feedback Controllability is a Normative Theory of Neural Population Dynamics
Authors: Bouchard Kristofer , Kumar Ankit
Published: March 2024

Brain computations emerge from collective dynamics of distinct neural populations. Behaviors in- cluding reaching and speech are explained by principles of feedback control. However, if feedback control explains neural population dynamics is unknown. We created dimensionality reduction methods that identify subspaces of neural population data that are most feed-forward controllable (FFC) vs. feedback controllable (FBC). We showed that FBC and FFC subspaces diverge for dynamics generated by neuro- anatomical connectivity. In neural recordings from monkey M1/S1 during reaching, FBC subspaces were better decoders of reach kinematics. Compared to FFC subspaces, FBC subspaces emerged from col- lective interactions of a population of neurons with distinct activity profiles. Finally, we revealed that FBC subspaces emphasize rotational dynamics due to enhanced system stability, while FFC subspaces emphasize scaling dynamics. These results demonstrate feedback controllability is a novel, normative theory of neural population dynamics, and connect distinct neuronal populations to differing regimes of emergent dynamics carrying out distinct computations.
Simulation for Gap Estimation of Freeform Surfaces Assembly Based on Complex Measurement Data
Authors: Poniatowska Małgorzata , WERNER Andrzej , Wojtowicz Adam
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a simulation method for evaluating the accuracy of assembly of two mating freeform surfaces based on the spatial CAD model of the gap between the surfaces. CAD models of actual surfaces are the basis for determining the gap model. Digital measurement data representing form profiles are determined in measurements on a coordinate measuring machine according to a regular grid of points, and data representing waviness and surface roughness on a profilometer. The SGP components separated in the measurement process are summed up in the CAD modeling process. In the next step, a closure simulation is carried out by docking the inverted complex model of one surface to the surface model of the other surface. In this way, a spatial complex CAD model of the gap between the surfaces is obtained, mapping the effect of all the components of the irregularity on the tightness of the assembly. Based on the obtained model, it is possible to determine its maximum dimension (estimate the local width of the gap between actual surfaces) and the average of local dimensions, but also to illustrate the detailed distribution of local dimensions of this model in the form of a color map. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified experimentally for the closing surfaces of the elements of the injection mold (cavity and core).
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity and Mechanical Properties of GIC incorporated with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles
Authors: Kheraif Abdul Aziz Al , Wasi Aisha , Alhamoudi Fahad Hussain
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are widely used in dentistry due to their adhesive properties, biocompatibility, and fluoride release. However, their mechanical limitations have prompted research into enhancing their properties. Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles have gained attention for their biocompatibility and bioactivity, making them a promising candidate for improving GICs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating HA nanoparticles into GIC formulations, focusing on evaluating the nano-hardness, elastic modulus and antibacterial activity.
Methods: The HA nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel technique and added to GIC at varying concentrations. The study included a control group and groups with 1%, 2%, 5% HA nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity was assessed using an agar diffusion assay against common oral pathogens, demonstrating an increase in antibacterial efficacy with higher HA nanoparticle concentrations. Mechanical testing revealed a decrease in nano-hardness with increasing HA nanoparticle concentration, indicating a softer material. Conversely, an increase in Young's modulus was observed with higher HA nanoparticle concentrations, signifying enhanced stiffness and resistance to deformation. Statistical analysis confirmed the significant impact of HA treatment on the mechanical properties.
Results and conclusion: The findings suggest that HA incorporation alters the mechanical behavior of GIC, offering tailored material properties for specific clinical applications. The observed increase in antibacterial activity indicates the potential of HA incorporation to develop GICs more resistant to bacterial colonization, potentially reducing the risk of secondary caries and restoration failure. These results have critical implications for the development of advanced dental materials that combine improved mechanical performance and enhanced antibacterial properties, contributing to longer-lasting and more successful clinical outcomes.
Season of Delivery and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Los Angeles, California
Authors: CHUNG Helen W. , GILL Kevin S. , GRUBBS Brendan , WILSON Melissa L.
Published: March 2024

Background:
Environmental risk factors such as seasonal changes have been shown to be linked to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. However, the effects of season of conception and delivery have been inconsistent and poorly studied in moderate climates such as Los Angeles. We aimed to study the effects of the season of delivery on the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Results were verified via assessment of season of conception.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 24,843 predominantly Hispanic women (2,360 clinically-confirmed cases of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy who delivered at the Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Women’s and Children’s Hospital between 1995 and 2008. The dry season was defined as April to October and the wet season as November to March. Logistic regression models were fit to estimate odds ratios for season of conception and delivery and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were then fitted to estimate odds ratios of season of conception/delivery and disease severity.
Results:
Mothers who delivered in the wet season had a significantly increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy compared to those who delivered in the dry season (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.21). These mothers were also significantly more likely to be nulliparous (OR= 2.43, 95% CI: 2.21, 2.68), 25 years of age or older (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.38), have diabetes (OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.43, 1.85), have hypertension (OR=4.99, 95% CI: 4.14, 6.00), be diagnosed with infection (OR=2.14, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.81), or have premature deliveries (OR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.90, 2.33) when compared to controls. When stratifying based on disease severity, only mild preeclampsia indicated an association with season of delivery (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.25). The effect for severe preeclampsia (OR=1.12, 95% Cl: 0.96, 1.31) and eclampsia/HELLP syndrome (OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.49, 1.31) did not reach statistical significance, though power was limited in the more severe categories. Results examining the season of conception confirmed the results for the season of delivery.
Conclusions:
Among the predominantly Hispanic women who delivered at Los Angeles County + University of Southern California between 1995 and 2008, deliveries in the wet, winter season were associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.