bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Texture Secrets of Morchella Germplasm: Advanced Grading and Quality Assessment Through Texture Profile Analysis (TPA)
Authors: Li Jialiang , Chen Ying , Cao Xuelian , Tang Jie , Xie Liyuan , Liu Lixu , Wan Yan , Hu Rongping
Published: January 2025

Morchella is an edible mushroom with medical applciations. To explore the correlation between the texture indices of Morchella and to establish a sensory quality evaluation system, the texture quality characteristics of 214 Morchella germplasm resources from our country were analyzed via the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) method on a texture analyzer. The research revealed significant differences in the texture quality characteristics of both the pileus and stipe among Morchella populations. After the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the six texture characteristics were seen to conform to a normal distribution. According to the correlation analysis, there was a significant correlation between the texture characteristics of the pileus, and a significant positive correlation between the hardness and the gumminess of the stipe (correlation coefficient of 0.96). Additionally, the hardness was negatively correlated with cohesiveness and resilience, with correlation coefficients of −0.51 and −0.38. Variation analysis indicated abundant genetic variation in each characteristic. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation for the characteristics of Morchella sextalata was higher than those of other species. Principal component analysis simplified the texture evaluation indices of Morchella pileus into a palatable factor and cohesive factor, and arranged the texture evaluation indexes of Morchella stipe into toughness–hardness factor and cohesive factor. Through comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis, 10 Morchella strains were selected for subsequent use as breeding or cultivation materials. By comparing three different methods, the ‘probability grading method’ was determined to be the most suitable evaluation method for the texture quality characteristics of Morchella. The research results established a texture evaluation system for Morchella, offering a reference for selecting and cultivating breeds with superior texture qualities.
Innovative Application of Fermented Red Bean Seeds in Constructing Foods with Increased Biological Activity
Authors: Gumienna Małgorzata , Lasik-Kurdyś Małgorzata , Szymandera-Buszka Krystyna , Górna-Szweda Barbara , Walkowiak-Tomczak Dorota , Jędrusek-Golińska Anna
Published: January 2025

Legumes are an interesting matrix for food production. The aim of this study was to develop functional plant-based snacks using fermented red bean (RBB) seeds enriched with the following additives: marjoram—RBM (2%); carrot—RBC (30%); and red beetroot—RBRB (15%). In the process of constructing the snacks, the focus was on the maximum use of the raw material, including aquafaba, to improve nutritional properties, sensory acceptability, and biological activity. The chemical composition, protein digestibility, antioxidant activity, and phenolic content were analyzed. In addition, the effect of the in vitro digestion process on biologically active compounds and their interactions with intestinal microflora was analyzed. Sensory analysis and consumer evaluation were performed. It was found that fermentation with lactic acid bacteria increased the content of total protein (by 2%), reducing the presence of substances (by 8%) and phenolic compounds (by 13%) in red bean seeds. Snacks with marjoram (RBM) showed the highest antioxidant activity (increase by 42%) and content of polyphenolic compounds (increase by 25%) compared to the basic variant (RBB). During digestion, the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity reached the highest values in the last section of the digestive tract, i.e., in the large intestine, with RBM achieving the best results (5.61 mg GAE/g and 28.82 mg TE/g). The snack variants with red beetroot (RBRB) and marjoram (RBM) were rated the best by consumers. The results obtained confirm that the obtained snacks can be innovative products with health-promoting properties, and marjoram turned out to improve their properties, including antibacterial ones.
Chladni and Fractal Dynamics: Dual Mode Marker to Map Cancer Cell Nucleus Disintegration Phases
Authors: Dey Parama , Singhania Anup , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B. , Ghosh Subrata , Bandyopadhyay Anirban
Published: January 2025

Conventional cancer drugs are small molecules that target specific pathways. We introduced PCMS, a 26 kDa supramolecule combining sensors (S), molecular motors (M), and switching molecules (C), integrated within a fourth-generation PAMAM structure (P). PCMS identifies and deactivates cancer cell nucleus dynamics. A decade ago, we demonstrated programmable, clock-like interactions among the S-C-M components. In this study, we captured images of fractal patterns formed by chromosomal compartments and developed a theoretical model of their fractal dynamics. We showed that the nucleus behaves like a cavity, producing resonance effects similar to Chladni patterns. When the external agent, PCMS, interacts with this cavity, it generates a fractal pattern. We identified and mapped five key phase transitions that ultimately lead to the breakdown of cancer cell nuclei.
Optimizing Cold Chain Logistics with Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT): A Model for Reducing Operational and Transportation Costs
Authors: Nozari Hamed , Rahmaty Maryam , Foukolaei Parvaneh Zeraati , Movahed Hossien , Bayanati Mahmonir
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the modeling and solution of a cold chain logistics (CCL) problem using artificial intelligence of things (AIoT). The presented model aims to reduce the costs of the entire CCL network by maintaining the minimum quality of cold products distributed to customers. This study considers equipping distribution centers and trucks with IoT tools and examines the advantages of using these tools to reduce logistics costs. Also, four algorithms based on artificial intelligence (AI), including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Emperor Penguin Optimizer (EPO), have been used in solving the mathematical model. The analysis results show that equipping trucks and distribution centers with the Internet of Things has increased the total costs by 15% compared to before. This approach resulted in a 26% reduction in operating costs and a 60% reduction in transportation costs. As a result of using the Internet of Things, total costs have been reduced by 2.78%. Furthermore, the performance of AI algorithms showed that the high speed of these algorithms is guaranteed against the high accuracy of the obtained results. So, EPO has achieved the optimal value of the objective function compared to a 70% reduction in the solution time. Further analyses show the effectiveness of EPO in the indicators of average objective function, average RPD error, and solution time. The results of this paper help managers understand the need to create IoT infrastructure in the distribution of cold products to customers. Because implementing IoT devices can offset a large portion of transportation and energy costs, this paper provides management solutions and insights at the end. As a result, there is a need to deploy IoT tools in other parts of the mathematical model and its application.
Properties, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Southern Meagre Fish (Argyrosomus hololepidotus) Skin Gelatin Reinforced with Clove Bud Extract
Authors: Rostami Parvin , Taheri Ali , Ghaffari Mostafa
Published: January 2025

The properties of biopolymer films prepared using Southern meagre fish (Argyrosomus hololepidotus) skin gelatin blends, both with and without clove bud extract (CE) at concentrations of 0.3% and 0.7%, were investigated. The addition of CE enhanced the light barrier properties and decreased water vapor permeability from 1.68 to 0.85 (×10−13 g s−1m−1Pa−1) (p < 0.05) in the films that contained CE. Additionally, the films’ water solubility diminished as the concentration of CE increased (89.20 to 69.04%) (p < 0.05). SEM images revealed a smooth, uniform surface without cracks in the samples both with and without CE, whereas the films that included CE displayed a rougher and denser cross-section. FTIR spectra revealed variations in peaks between the films containing CE and those without it. The incorporation of CE raised the glass transition temperature (51.04 to 58.80 °C) and the melting temperature (124.65 to 141.92 °C) of the films. Additionally, the antioxidant activities, assessed through DPPH free radical scavenging activity (86.97%) and reduction power (λ of 0.85), along with moderate antibacterial activities against four distinct foodborne pathogens, improved with increased concentrations of CE. It can be concluded that phenolic compounds, such as eugenol in the clove extract, facilitated the formation of additional bonds between the peptide helixes of the gelatin, thereby enhancing the properties of the CE-incorporated films. Thus, Southern meagre fish gelatin film containing CE is an effective active packaging biomaterial for seafood products, exhibiting satisfactory properties.
The Role of Family Planning in Enhancing Community Resilience: Insights from Drought-Affected Youths and Women in Ethiopia
Authors: Muluneh Muluken Dessalegn , Kidane Woldu , Abebe Sintayehu , Stulz Virginia , Makonnen Misrak , Berhan Makida
Published: January 2025

This study assesses the role of family planning (FP) in resilience building among youths and women in Ethiopia’s drought-affected and food-insecure regions. A mixed-method comparative cross-sectional study design with a total of 1712 study participants with an equal 1:1 ratio of the intervention and control groups was used. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with community resilience. More participants in the intervention districts (58.3%) than in the control districts (49%) were currently using FP services. Approximately 54.1% of the intervention group and 43.6% of the control group were able to pay for food and shelter. Two-thirds of the intervention respondents and half of the control respondents had good social cohesion. The food consumption scores for the intervention and control districts were 26.2 and 24.9, respectively. Additionally, 62.5% of the intervention and 53.5% of the control respondents were found to have a good level of community level resilience. FP use (AOR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.78–6.49), good social cohesion (AOR = 7.9, 95% CI: 6.09–10.23) and productive assets (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.07–1.92) were significantly associated with community resilience. To enhance community resilience comprehensively, expanding FP services should empower women in decision-making processes, cultivate ties and promote collaborative efforts across different sectors.
Multi-Scenario Simulation Evaluation and Strategic Zoning of Habitat Services Based on Habitat Quality and Ecological Network: A Case Study of Lanzhou City
Authors: Shi Jin , Tang Xianglong
Published: January 2025

Land management strategies play a pivotal role in the sustainable development of a region. Integrating space syntax into the ecological–social perspective to assess habitat services and optimize multi-scenario simulations and evaluations is crucial for developing resilient strategies for the future. This study takes Lanzhou, a semi-arid region, as a case study, combining multi-model analysis to explore the relationship between habitat quality and spatial accessibility and to conduct habitat service zoning. The findings indicate that under four development scenarios, the ecological network generally shows a three-segment distribution. The factors that have the most significant impacts on cultivated land, forests, shrubs, construction land, and bare land are GDP, precipitation, temperature, population density, and NDVI, respectively. The ecological priority scenario features the most corridors, while the cultivated land protection scenario incurs the lowest construction costs. Across various analysis radii of space syntax, except for MED at a 6000 m radius, the ecological priority scenario exhibits excellent network accessibility. The coupling coordination degree of the four scenarios generally lies within a mild imbalance level, with a spatial distribution pattern characterized by “high in the west and low in the east”. Based on 10 types of habitat services, a priority management sequence for land and key governance towns was established, leading to the proposal of a “dual coordination” multi-center compact network layout model. This research not only enriches the theory of land ecology but also overcomes the shortcomings in land spatial planning, addresses the practical problems of land development transformation in Lanzhou, and offers new data support and ideas for the construction of ecological cities in semi-arid regions.
A Lightweight CNN-Transformer Implemented via Structural Re-Parameterization and Hybrid Attention for Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Hongwei , Li Yifan , Qin Zilong
Published: January 2025

Remote sensing imagery contains rich information about geographical targets, and performing super-resolution (SR) reconstruction on such images requires greater feature representation capabilities. Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods excel at extracting intricate local features but fall short in terms of capturing global representations. While transformer methods are capable of learning long-distance dependencies, they often overlook local feature details, which can diminish the discriminability between the background and the foreground. Moreover, the distinctive architectures of transformers, their extensive parameter counts, and their reliance on large-scale training datasets impose constraints on transformer applications in remote sensing image feature extraction tasks. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel hybrid CNN-Transformer network model named RepCHAT for remote sensing single image reconstruction, which incorporates a structural re-parameterization technique and a hybrid attention mechanism. This method leverages the strengths of transformers in terms of learning long-distance dependencies (global features) and CNNs with respect to extracting local features. The proposed approach achieves SR reconstruction for remote sensing images with fewer parameters and less computational overhead than those of traditional transformers and high-performance CNN models. We develop a multiscale feature extraction module that integrates both spatial- and frequency-domain features and employs structural re-parameterization theory to increase the inference efficiency of the model. Furthermore, we incorporate depthwise-separable convolution into the transformer block to bolster the local feature learning capabilities of the transformer. The method we propose achieves the optimal performance for remote sensing single-image super-resolution reconstruction and outperforms the competing methods by 0.28–1.05 dB (×4 scale) in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Experimental results indicate that the RepCHAT model proposed in this study maintains a high performance with significantly reduced complexity, making it suitable for deployment on edge devices.
Exploring Cartographic Differences in Web Map Applications: Evaluating Design, Scale, and Usability
Authors: Zejdlik Jakub , Vozenilek Vit
Published: January 2025

Although there are many articles dealing with web map applications, they often focus on just one or a few applications. Several articles deal with the technical solution of the applications, but relatively few are focused on the cartographic aspects of these applications. This article evaluates eight web mapping applications based on six cartographic aspects: map key, map scale, map layout, navigation elements, labels, and analytical tools. The objective is to identify differences in the presentation of geographic information and propose improvements for cartographic quality and user-friendliness. The methodology involved visual analysis at two scales. The comparison included applications such as Mapy.cz, OpenStreetMap, Google Maps, Bing Maps, HERE Maps, MapQuest, ViaMichelin, and Locus Map. The results revealed significant differences among the applications that may impact user orientation and experience. For instance, Google Maps does not display forest symbols on its default map, which can reduce clarity, whereas Mapy.cz offers the most comprehensive range of analytical tools. Advertisements in applications like MapQuest and ViaMichelin disrupt the user experience, and some applications lack essential functions, such as distance measurement. The paper identifies strengths and weaknesses in the cartographic design of these applications. Findings reveal that while each application possesses unique characteristics, they share common features. An interesting feature is the absence of cartographic symbols and labels of some elements in some applications. The study recommends the unification of cartographic principles and further user testing to optimize the layout and functionality of web mapping applications.
RiboTag RNA Sequencing Identifies Local Translation of HSP70 in Astrocyte Endfeet After Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Shim Bosung , Ciryam Prajwal , Tosun Cigdem , Serra Riccardo , Tsymbalyuk Natalya , Keledjian Kaspar , Gerzanich Volodymyr , Simard J. Marc
Published: January 2025

Brain ischemia causes disruption in cerebral blood flow and blood–brain barrier integrity, which are normally maintained by astrocyte endfeet. Emerging evidence points to dysregulation of the astrocyte translatome during ischemia, but its effects on the endfoot translatome are unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the early effects of ischemia on the astrocyte endfoot translatome in a rodent cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model of stroke. To do so, we immunoprecipitated astrocyte-specific tagged ribosomes (RiboTag IP) from mechanically isolated brain microvessels. In mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion and contralateral controls, we sequenced ribosome-bound RNAs from perivascular astrocyte endfeet and identified 205 genes that were differentially expressed in the endfoot translatome after ischemia. The main biological processes associated with these differentially expressed genes included proteostasis, inflammation, cell cycle/death, and metabolism. Transcription factors whose targets were enriched amongst upregulated translating genes included HSF1, the master regulator of the heat shock response. The most highly upregulated genes in the translatome were HSF1-dependent Hspa1a and Hspa1b, which encode the inducible HSP70. Using qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, we confirmed that HSP70 is upregulated in astrocyte endfeet after ischemia. This coincided with an increase in ubiquitination across the proteome that suggests that ischemia induces a disruption in proteostasis in astrocyte endfeet. These findings suggest a robust proteostasis response to proteotoxic stress in the endfoot translatome after ischemia. Modulating proteostasis in endfeet may be a strategy to preserve endfoot function and BBB integrity after ischemic stroke.
Neuroinflammatory Loop in Schizophrenia, Is There a Relationship with Symptoms or Cognition Decline?
Authors: Carril Pardo Claudio , Oyarce Merino Karina , Vera-Montecinos América
Published: January 2025

Schizophrenia (SZ), a complex psychiatric disorder of neurodevelopment, is characterised by a range of symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, social isolation and cognitive deterioration. One of the hypotheses that underlie SZ is related to inflammatory events which could be partly responsible for symptoms. However, it is unknown how inflammatory molecules can contribute to cognitive decline in SZ. This review summarises and exposes the possible contribution of the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukins like IL-1beta, IL-4 and TNFalfa among others on cognitive impairment. We discuss how this inflammatory imbalance affects microglia and astrocytes inducing the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in SZ, which could impact the prefrontal cortex or associative areas involved in executive functions such as planning and working tasks. We also highlight that inflammatory molecules generated by intestinal microbiota alterations, due to dysfunctional microbial colonisers or the use of some anti-psychotics, could impact the central nervous system. Finally, the question arises as to whether it is possible to modulate or correct the inflammatory imbalance that characterises SZ, and if an immunomodulatory strategy can be incorporated into conventional clinical treatments, either alone or in complement, to be applied in specific phases, such as prodromal or in the first-episode psychosis.
High mRNA Expression of 24 Dehydrocholesterol Reductase (DHCR24) in the Treatment of Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure in Rats
Authors: Zhang Rui , Peng Siyuan , Zhang Xuejuan , Huang Zhengwei , Pan Xin
Published: January 2025

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of treating heart failure in rats by delivering mRNA of 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) into the body through lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Methods: We established a heart failure rat model using doxorubicin. The experiment was divided into blank, model, mRNA stock solution cardiac injection, mRNA stock solution intravenous injection, LNP-mRNA stock solution cardiac injection, and LNP-mRNA stock solution intravenous injection groups. We directly injected DHCR24-mRNA or LNP-DHCR24-mRNA into the myocardium in three regions through an insulin needle passing through the intercostal space under the guidance of B-ultrasound. We recorded the mortality rate, body weight, 6-min walk test return times, and organ weight of rats after administration and detected the cardiac structure and function using B-ultrasound and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, we tested for HE staining; PRDX2, Sirt3, and TRX1 protein expression; and IL-1 β, IL-10, VEGF, NT proBNP, and BNP cytokine concentrations. Results: Compared with the model group, the administration of DHCR24-mRNA significantly reduced mortality; decreased weight loss, the ratio of heart to tibia length, and spleen weight; and improved rat motility. The administration of DHCR24-mRNA can postpone the pathological morphological alterations of myocardial cells and reduce inflammatory infiltration. In terms of biochemistry, the administration of DHCR24-mRNA can increase the expression of the PRDX2, Sirt3, and TRX1 proteins; increase the concentrations of IL-10 and VEGF; and reduce the concentrations of IL-1β, NT proBNP, and BNP. The administration of DHCR24-mRNA can also delay the process of heart failure. The delivery and therapeutic effect of DHCR24-mRNA encapsulated in LNPs were better when compared to the other groups. Conclusions: DHCR24-mRNA encapsulated in LNPs can be effectively administered to rats with heart failure and exhibits some curative effects.
Defining Mechanistic Links Between the Non-Coding Variant rs17673553 in CLEC16A and Lupus Susceptibility
Authors: Rallabandi Harikrishna Reddy , Singh Manish Kumar , Looger Loren L. , Nath Swapan K.
Published: January 2025

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by widespread inflammation and autoantibody production. Its development and progression involve genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have repeatedly identified a susceptibility signal at 16p13, its fine-scale source and its functional and mechanistic role in SLE remain unclear. We used bioinformatics to prioritize likely functional variants and validated the top candidate through various experimental techniques, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing in B cells. To assess the functional impact of the proposed causal variant in C-type lectin domain family 16, member A (CLEC16A), we compared autophagy levels between wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO) cells. Systematic bioinformatics analysis identified the highly conserved non-coding intronic variant rs17673553, with the risk allele apparently affecting enhancer function and regulating several target genes, including CLEC16A itself. Luciferase reporter assays followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) validated this enhancer activity, demonstrating that the risk allele increases the binding of enhancer histone marks (H3K27ac and H3K4me1), the CTCF-binding factor, and key immune transcription factors (GATA3 and STAT3). Knock-down of GATA3 and STAT3 via siRNA led to a significant decrease in CLEC16A expression. These regulatory effects on the target gene were further confirmed using CRISPR-based genome editing and CRISPR-dCas9-based epigenetic activation/silencing. Functionally, WT cells exhibited higher levels of starvation-induced autophagy compared to KO cells, highlighting the role of CLEC16A and the rs17673553 locus in autophagy regulation. These findings suggest that the rs17673553 locus—particularly the risk allele—drives significant allele-specific chromatin modifications and binding of multiple transcription factors, thereby mechanistically regulating the expression of target autophagy-associated genes, including CLEC16A itself. This mechanism could potentially explain the association between rs17673553 and SLE, and could underlie the signal at 16p13.
Repurposing FDA-Approved Drugs for Eumycetoma Treatment: Homology Modeling and Computational Screening of CYP51 Inhibitors
Authors: Mohamed Magdi Awadalla , Awadalla Mohamed Khalid Alhaj , Mohamed Malik Suliman , Elsaman Tilal , Eltayib Eyman Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Eumycetoma, a chronic fungal infection caused by Madurella mycetomatis, is a neglected tropical disease characterized by tumor-like growths that can lead to permanent disability and deformities if untreated. Predominantly affecting regions in Africa, South America, and Asia, it imposes significant physical, social, and economic burdens. Current treatments, including antifungal drugs like itraconazole, often show variable efficacy, with severe cases necessitating surgical intervention or amputation. Drug discovery for eumycetoma faces challenges due to limited understanding of the disease’s molecular mechanisms and the lack of 3D structures for key targets such as Madurella mycetomatis CYP51, a well-known target for azoles’ antifungal agents. To address these challenges, this study employed computational approaches, including homology modeling, virtual screening, free energy calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations, to repurpose FDA-approved drugs as potential treatments for eumycetoma targeting Madurella mycetomatis CYP51. To this end, a library of 2619 FDA-approved drugs was screened, identifying three promising candidates: montelukast, vilanterol, and lidoflazine. These compounds demonstrated favorable binding affinities, strong interactions with critical residues of the homology model of Madurella mycetomatis CYP51, and stability in molecular dynamics simulations, offering potential for further investigation as effective therapeutic options for eumycetoma.
Mechanism of P-Hydroxy Benzyl Alcohol Against Cerebral Ischemia Based on Metabonomics Analysis
Authors: Xiao Tian , Yu Xingling , Tao Jie , Tan Jiaoyang , Zhao Zhourong , Zhang Chao , Duan Xiaohua
Published: January 2025

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with ischemic stroke accounting for the majority of these. HBA is the active ingredient in Gastrodia elata and has potential therapeutic effects on central nervous system diseases. In this study, the cell model of cerebral ischemia was replicated by the culture method of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation, and the rat model of vascular dementia was established by the two-vessel occlusion method. Metabolomics technology was employed to analyze the metabolic changes in ischemic neurons induced by HBA, and potential therapeutic targets were verified. The protective effects of HBA on ischemic neurons and their mitochondria were examined through multiple indicators, and the related mechanisms were verified. HBA can improve post-ischemic cognitive impairment in rats, and its mechanism is related to the regulation of the choline-activated phospholipase D2/Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α pathway to improve mitochondrial function and reduce autophagic activity to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. It is concluded that HBA has a protective effect on neuronal damage and cognitive impairment caused by cerebral ischemia by regulating key metabolites and signaling pathways, and that it provides a new molecular target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
Matrix Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases, and Their Ratios in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Healthy Controls
Authors: Butler Alexandra E. , Nandakumar Manjula , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Brennan Edwina , Atkin Stephen L.
Published: January 2025

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are M2 macrophage markers that are modulated by inflammation. A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMS) and those with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) regulate the shedding of membrane-bound proteins, growth factors, cytokines, ligands, and receptors; MMPs, ADAMS, and ADAMTS may be regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). This study aimed to determine whether these interacting proteins were dysregulated in PCOS. A Somascan proteomic analysis of 12 MMPs, three of their inhibitors (TIMP-1, 2, 3), two ADAMS (9, 12), five ADAMTS (1, 4, 5, 13, 15), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was undertaken in a well-validated PCOS database of 143 women with PCOS and 97 controls. Women with PCOS had significantly higher levels of MMP-9 and lower levels of MMP-2, MMP-14, TIMP-2, IGFBP-1, and IGF-1 compared to the controls (p < 0.0001, p < 0.005, p < 0.04, p < 0.05, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001, respectively). No differences were observed for any other MMPs. The ADAMS or ADAMTS levels did not differ between groups. Body mass index (BMI) was correlated with MMP-9 (p < 0.01), MMP-1 (p < 0.05), MMP-2 (p < 0.05), MMP-10 (p < 0.005), MMP-12 (p < 0.005), ADAM-9 (p < 0.05), and IGFBP-1 (p < 0.0001), but only MMP-9 still differed after accounting for BMI. MMP-9/TIMP-1, MMP-9/TIMP-2, and MMP-9/TIMP-3 ratios were higher in the PCOS group (p < 0.01), whilst MMP-17/TIMP-1 and MMP-17/TIMP-2 were lower (p = 0.01). MMP-2/TIMP ratios showed no difference between groups. TIMP-2 was positively correlated with CRP (p < 0.01). MMP changes in PCOS are largely driven by BMI, though increased MMP-9 is BMI-independent, suggesting that any deleterious effects of MMP-9 would be potentially exacerbated by a concomitantly increased BMI. The significant increases in the MMP-9/TIMP ratios suggests MMP-9 overactivity in PCOS.
Emerging Role of the DREAM Complex in Cancer and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Hwang Ye-Jin , Kim Moon Jong
Published: January 2025

The DREAM (dimerization partner, RB-like, E2F, and multi-vulval class B) complex is an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional repression complex that coordinates nearly one thousand target genes, primarily associated with the cell cycle processes. The formation of the DREAM complex consequently inhibits cell cycle progression and induces cellular quiescence. Given its unique role in cell cycle control, the DREAM complex has gained significant interest across various physiological and pathological contexts, particularly in conditions marked by dysregulated cell cycles, such as cancer. However, the specific cancer types most significantly affected by alterations in the DREAM complex are yet to be determined. Moreover, the possibility of restoring or pharmacologically targeting the DREAM complex as a therapeutic intervention against cancer remains a relatively unexplored area of research and is currently under active investigation. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest advances in understanding the DREAM complex, focusing on its role in cancer. We also explore strategies for targeting the DREAM complex as a potential approach for cancer therapeutics. Advances in understanding the precise role of the DREAM complex in cancer, combined with ongoing efforts to develop targeted therapies, may pave the way for new options in cancer therapy.
From Data to Delight: Leveraging Social Customer Relationship Management to Elevate Customer Satisfaction and Market Effectiveness
Authors: Elshaer Ibrahim A. , Azazz Alaa M. S. , Fayyad Sameh , Mohamed Shaimaa A. , Fouad Amr Mohamed , Fathy Eslam Ahmed
Published: January 2025

The current study aims to investigate ways through which the data on social customer relationship management (SCRM) enhance customer satisfaction (CS) as well as market effectiveness (ME) in the hotel industry. Moreover, it examines the mediator role of customer involvement using social media data (CIUSM). The moderating role of customer information processing capability (CIPC) between social customer relationship management (SCRM) and customer involvement using social media (CIUSM) was examined. Therefore, following the suggestions from Dominant (S-D) Logic, Social Exchange Theory (SET), and Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT), this research explores the role of SCRM in co-creation and organizational performance through the social media data of customers. Using PLS-SEM through SmartPLS, data from 389 participants were analyzed. The findings proved that SCRM directly improves both customer satisfaction and the effectiveness of the market due to the indirect effect of CIUSM data as a mediator among them. Also, it showed that SCRM improves directly CIUSM. Moreover, it proved the direct effect of CIUSM on customer satisfaction and market effectiveness. Moreover, CIPC, as a moderator, enhances SCRM impacts by demonstrating how hotels leverage data from social media activity as a competitive advantage. Based on the findings of this study, the three integrated theories provide a single framework to delve deeply into the intricate association between social media customer involvement to enhance hotel performance. Also, it ensures that hospitality managers engage customers, continuously respond to their needs and requirements, and embrace efficient data processing to deploy SCRM effectively.
The Origin of Synergetic Effect in Mixed Mn-Co Oxide with Spinel Structure for Catalytic Oxidation of CO
Authors: Bulavchenko Olga A. , Rogov Vladimir A. , Gerasimov Evgeny Yu. , Aydakov Egor E. , Kremneva Anna M.
Published: January 2025

In this work, the origin of the synergetic effect in mixed MnxCo3-xO4 oxides with the spinel structure in the CO oxidation reaction was tested. A series of MnxCo3-x oxide catalysts were synthesized by the coprecipitation method with further calcination at 600 °C and varying manganese content from x = 0 to x = 3. The catalysts were characterized using XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption, TPR, EXAFS, and XPS. The catalytic activity of MnxCo3-x oxide catalysts was tested in CO oxidation reactions. The addition of manganese to cobalt oxide results in the formation of mixed Mn-Co oxides based on a cubic or tetragonal spinel structure, a change in microstructural properties, such as surface area and crystal size, as well as local distortions and a decrease in the surface concentration of Co ions and Co in the octahedral sites in spinel structure; it also decreases catalyst reducibility. For all catalysts, the activity of CO oxidation decreases as follows: Mn0.1Co2.9 > Co3O4~Mn0.3Co2.7 > Mn0.5Co2.5 > MnOx > Mn0.7Co2.3 > Mn0.9Co2.1~Mn1.1Co1.9~Mn2.5Co0.5 > Mn2.9Co0.1 > Mn1.7Co1.3 > Mn2.1Co0.9 > Mn1.3Co1.7~Mn1.5Co1.5~Mn2.3Co0.7. The Mn0.1Co2.9 catalyst displays the best catalytic activity, which is attributed to its small crystal size and the maximum surface ratio between Co3+ and Co2+. A further increase in the manganese content (x > 0.3) provokes drastic changes in the catalytic properties due to a decrease in the cobalt content on the surface and in the volume of mixed oxide, changes in the oxidation states of cations, and structure transformation.
Synthesis and Use of Complex Titanium-Containing Coagulant in Water Purification Processes
Authors: Kuzin Evgenii
Published: January 2025

Titanium-containing coagulants are a new development in physical and chemical water purification processes. Despite their high efficiency and the absence of the drawbacks that are typical of traditional reagents, the high cost of titanium compounds restrains their extensive implementation. As part of this work, a concept technology for the synthesis of complex titanium-containing reagents using chemical dehydration processes was proposed. It was found that the composition of a complex titanium-containing coagulant consists of a mixture of aluminum sulfate 50–87 wt.%, aluminum chloride 10–40 wt.%, and titanium oxysulfate 2.5–10.0 wt.%. It was ascertained that the optimal content of the modifying additive in titanium compounds is 5.0–7.5 wt.%. The comparison of the coagulation efficiency of traditional aluminum- and iron-containing reagents and freshly synthesized reagents showed that the use of complex titanium-containing coagulants allows us not only to minimize the residual concentrations of various pollutants (phosphates, turbidity, oxidizable organic compounds) but also to reduce the reagent consumption by 20–25%, as well as to intensify the processes of sedimentation and filtration of coagulation sludge. Based on the data set obtained, the prospects for the production and use of complex titanium-containing coagulants for natural and wastewater of different origins are proven.
Rate of Perceived Exertion Based on Repetitions in Reserve Versus Percentage of One-Repetition Maximum for Resistance Training Prescription in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gismondi Alessandro , Iellamo Ferdinando , Caminiti Giuseppe , Sposato Barbara , Gregorace Emanuele , D’Antoni Valentino , Di Biasio Deborah , Vadalà Sara , Franchini Alessio , Mancuso Annalisa , Morsella Valentina , Volterrani Maurizio
Published: January 2025

The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) scale based on the number of repetitions in reserve (RIR) before exhaustion for the prescription of resistance training in cardiac rehabilitation and to compare it to the percentage of estimated one-repetition maximum (1RM) prescription method. Sixteen male patients (age 60 ± 8) with history of coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to two resistance training rehabilitation protocols lasting nine weeks and consisting of three sessions per week, with the same exercise selection, number of sets and repetitions, and rest periods, but different load prescription method (RPE vs. %1RM). Patients’ strength was evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Patients in the RPE group showed significant increases in strength across all the exercises of the protocol (leg press 24.25 ± 17.07 kg; chest press 7.25 ± 3.41 kg; seated row 13.88 ± 7.57 kg; leg extension 14.24 ± 4.53 kg; shoulder press 5.75 ± 4.06 kg; lat pulldown 7.50 ± 4.66 kg). Post-intervention between-group analysis showed no differences in strength gains (leg press p = 0.955; chest press p = 0.965; seated row p = 0.763; leg extension p = 0.565; shoulder press p = 0.868; lat pulldown p = 0.780) and trivial effect sizes (ES) for one prescription method over the other (leg press ES = −0.03; chest press ES = 0.00; seated row ES = 0.10; leg extension ES = −0.29; shoulder press ES = 0.18; lat pulldown ES = 0.05). RPE based on RIR seems to be an effective prescription method for resistance training in cardiac rehabilitation, showing similar efficacy to the standardized practice of percentage of 1RM.
The Influence of an Intense Training Regime in Professional and Non-Professional Athletes on Semen Parameters: A Systematic Review
Authors: Greco Francesca , Guarascio Giovanni , Giannetta Elisa , Oranges Francesco Pio , Quinzi Federico , Emerenziani Gian Pietro , Tarsitano Maria Grazia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Male infertility is influenced by physiological factors like age, as well as lifestyle factors, including physical activity. However, the specific impact of sport activity on semen parameters, and thus on male fertility, remains unclear. Specifically, the aim of this systematic review is to evaluate how an intense regime of training may affect sperm parameters in professional and non-profession athletes. Methods: Studies reporting sperm parameters associated with high training load were included. In April 2024, three electronic databases and literature sources (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched. Quality appraisal was performed independently by three authors using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Quality Assessment Tools (NHLBI-QAT). Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting a total of 156 participants. Sixteen weeks of intensive cycling training produced a significant decrease in seminal volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and morphology, with a return to their initial levels, except for sperm morphology and sperm concentration, after at least one week of rest. In addition, in athletes with varicocele, a 6-month stop from sports activity went a long way toward improving sperm concentration and sperm motility. However, DNA fragmentation, a greater presence of round cells, and high numbers of active macrophages were described. At least 30 days improve semen parameters in professional and non-professional athletes. Conclusions: Intensive training could worsen seminal parameters and, consequently, male fertility. However, certainty of evidence is very low, and the results should be interpreted with caution.
Role of Nanotechnology in Ischemic Stroke: Advancements in Targeted Therapies and Diagnostics for Enhanced Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Yadav Virendra Kumar , Gupta Rachna , Assiri Abdullah A. , Uddin Jalal , Ishaqui Azfar A. , Kumar Pankaj , Orayj Khalid M. , Tahira Shazia , Patel Ashish , Choudhary Nisha
Published: January 2025

Each year, the number of cases of strokes and deaths due to this is increasing around the world. This could be due to work stress, lifestyles, unhealthy food habits, and several other reasons. Currently, there are several traditional methods like thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy for managing strokes. The current approach has several limitations, like delayed diagnosis, limited therapeutic delivery, and risks of secondary injuries. So, there is a need for some effective and reliable methods for the management of strokes, which could help in early diagnosis followed by the treatment of strokes. Nanotechnology has played an immense role in managing strokes, and recently, it has emerged as a transformative solution offering innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. Nanoparticles (NPs) belonging to several classes, including metallic (metallic and metal oxide), organic (lipids, liposome), and carbon, can cross the blood–brain barrier and may exhibit immense potential for managing various strokes. Moreover, these NPs have exhibited promise in improving imaging specificity and therapeutic delivery by precise drug delivery and real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy. Nanomaterials like cerium oxide (CeO2) and liposome-encapsulated agents have neuroprotective properties that reduce oxidative stress and promote neuroregeneration. In the present article, the authors have emphasized the significant advancements in the nanomedicine management of stroke, including NPs-based drug delivery systems, neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies, and multimodal imaging advancements.
Studies on the Effect of Laser Shock Peening Intensity on the Mechanical Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured SS316L
Authors: Thangamani Geethapriyan , Kumar Tamang Santosh , Patel Md Saad , Arackal Narayanan Jinoop , Thangaraj Muthuramalingam , Zhang Jufan , Kumar Gianchandani Pardeep , Iyamperumal Anand Palani
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of laser shock peening (LSP) on the mechanical properties, microstructural features, and elemental distribution of stainless steel 316L (SS316L) produced using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The investigation focuses on significant changes in mechanical behavior, surface topography, and porosity following LSP treatment, comparing these results to the untreated condition. LSP treatment significantly enhanced the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) of WAAM-fabricated SS316L samples. The UTS of the as-manufactured WAAM specimen was 548 MPa, which progressively increased with higher LSP intensities to 595 MPa for LSP-1, 613 MPa for LSP-2, and 634.5 MPa for LSP-3, representing a maximum improvement of 15.8%. The YS showed a similar trend, increasing from 289 MPa in the as-manufactured specimen to 311 MPa (LSP-1) and 332 MPa (LSP-2), but decreasing to 259 MPa for LSP-3, indicating over-peening effects. Microstructural analysis revealed that LSP induced severe plastic deformation and reduced porosity from 14.02% to 4.18%, contributing to the improved mechanical properties. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the formation of an oxide layer post-LSP, with an increase in carbon (C) and oxygen (O) elements and a decrease in chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) elements on the surface, attributed to localized pressure and heat impacts. LSP-treated samples exhibited enhanced mechanical performance, with higher tensile strengths and improved ductility at higher laser intensities. This is due to LSP effectively enhancing the mechanical properties and structural integrity of WAAM-fabricated SS316L, reducing porosity, and refining the microstructure. These improvements make the material suitable for critical applications in the aerospace, automotive, and biomedical fields.
Potential Chemopreventive Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Head and Neck Cancer: Insights from a Nested Case–Control Analysis of a National Health Screening Cohort
Authors: Lee Joong Seob , Jo Soomin , Kang Ho Suk , Kwon Mi Jung , Wee Jee Hye , Kang Jeong Wook , Choi Hyo Geun , Kim Heejin
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study investigated the potential chemopreventive role of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use in relation to the occurrence of head and neck cancer (HNC) within a national cohort amid concerns of PPI overprescription. Methods: From a cohort of 1,137,861 individuals and 219,673,817 medical claim records collected between 2005 and 2019, 1677 HNC patients were identified and matched 1:4 with 6708 controls after adjusting for covariates. Odds ratios (ORs) for PPI use and its duration in relation to HNC and its subsites were estimated using propensity score overlap-weighted multivariable logistic regression. Additional subgroup analyses were performed based on age, sex, income level, and geographic region. Results: In the crude model, both current (OR 7.85 [95% CI 6.52–9.44]) and past PPI (OR 1.44 [95% CI 1.23–1.70]) use were associated with increased odds for HNC. However, after overlap weighting, this association reversed for both current (aOR 0.14 [95% CI 0.11–0.17]) and past PPI (aOR 0.69 [95% CI 0.60–0.79]). Subsite analysis showed reduced odds for hypopharyngeal (aOR 0.33, [95% CI 0.25–0.43]) and laryngeal cancer (aOR 0.19 [95% CI 0.16–0.22]) in current PPI users and similar results for past users. Conclusions: This study suggests a potential chemopreventive effect of PPIs, particularly in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. Additional studies are required to investigate the mechanisms underlying the association of the development of HNC with PPI use.