bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DMT – psychodelik otwierający duszę
Authors: Szpręgiel Izabela
Published: February 2025

Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which is a psychedelic substance, has been a target of neuropharmacological research for years, mainly because of its potential use in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The pineal gland is the best studied organ for endogenous DMT synthesis. At the same time, the role of DMT has not been clearly established. The association of the pineal gland with endogenous DMT synthesis in humans is undoubtedly a point of contention in the scientific community. Research is also currently underway on ayahuasca, which contains DMT in its composition. The entheogenic effects of ayahuasca have been known for hundreds of years, and based on available scientific sources, it can be believed that it also has a predisposition for therapeutic use. Therefore, the determination of the pathway of DMT synthesis and its role in the brain requires a lot of research, which will certainly contribute to a better understanding of this molecule action, which is controversial at this time.
Czy psychodeliki staną się lekami?
Authors: Lorenc Maciej
Published: February 2025

In the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in the therapeutic use of psychedelics, especially in the treatment of depression and addiction, resulting in many new research projects on their properties. This publication outlines the history of scientific experiments conducted with psychedelics in the 1950s and 1960s, as well as their subsequent international outlawing in the 1970s and the resurgence of research into their medical potential with the onset of the 21st century. Additionally, it discusses the potential mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic impact, the dangers accompanying their use, and changes in their legal status in some countries. The text also makes predictions about the development of a new branch of medicine based on the use of classic psychedelics and their new analogs.
DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF ECOLOGICAL TOURISM IN NATURAL RESERVED AREAS OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Open International University of Human Developmеnt «Ukraine», Dotsenko A.I. , Tanska L.V. ,   Open International University of Human Developmеnt «Ukraine»
Published: February 2025

The article reveals the features of the development and structure of ecological tourism in the natural protected areas of Ukraine. Tourism develops only in natural protected areas that are of national importance. As the analysis has shown, when determining the pace and directions of development of ecological tourism, a differentiated approach is necessary in the context of each type of natural protected areas. Considerable attention is paid to ecotourism in reserves, national natural parks, arboretums, botanical gardens and parks-monuments of landscape art.
Dialogue of students during the creation of projects with Scratch in Mathematics classes
Authors: Bitencourt Agner Lopes , Fioreze Leandra Anversa
Published: February 2025

The research aims to verify and understand how dialogue occurs in the construction of projects via Scratch programming in mathematics classes based on dialogic acts and theoretical elements. The empirical material included computer recordings from three groups of two eighth grade classes. The recordings show audio from programs, acts, voices and images of students, and were transcribed for analysis of messages that means dialogue. The results show the occurrence of dialogue during interactions characterized by joint work, mutual help, search for consensus, respect for others, being separate and connected. When creating projects in Scratch, it was necessary to challenge themselves, testing possibilities, dealing with the unpredictability of an investigation, so it is necessary to understand perspectives from both sides, position themselves and argue, that is, pedagogical practice has characteristics dialogical in order to build group behaviors related to dialogical processes and theoretical elements.
Resolução de problemas como metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem em matemática
Authors: Mendoza Héctor José García , Tintorer Delgado Oscar
Published: February 2025

Um desafio constante do professor é encontrar meios efetivos para a aprendizagem dos estudantes, sendo muito comum hoje nas salas de aulas o ensino empírico sem fundamento científico. Dominar os conteúdos matemáticos não significa ser bom professor, ou seja, é uma condição necessária, mas não suficiente. Em muitas ocasiões, os métodos de ensino e aprendizagem utilizados para a resolução de problemas matemáticos têm a característica de serem aplicações dos conteúdos e não como conteúdos que resultam necessários para aplicar nas ciências e na vida cotidiana. Frente a este dilema, o processo de ensino deve focalizar desde o ponto de vista do problema, pelo que cada problema deve situar-se no centro da aprendizagem dos estudantes, fundamentado sobre bases científicas, proporcionando uma metodologia ao professor para mediar o processo docente e com as particularidades das didáticas específicas. A resolução de problemas é uma tendência interessante na educação matemática, sem desconsiderar outras metodologias.
Como Desenvolver Aulas de Matemática Centradas na Resolução de Problemas
Authors: González Fredy Enrique
Published: February 2025

No artigo se propõe um modelo didático aplicável na organização de aulas de Matemática baseadas na resolução de problemas, gerado a partir de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com estudantes para professor de Matemática que participaram num curso de resolução de problemas matemáticos, projetado para propiciar sua atividade cognitiva e metacognitiva, enquanto se dedicavam à busca da solução de problemas matemáticos apresentados pelo professor no contexto das aulas do referido curso.  As noções teóricas assumidas foram: Cognição Matemática, Metacognição, Mediação Cognitiva, e Tarefas Intelectualmente Exigentes (TIE), entre outras. A pesquisa, qualitativa de natureza interpretativa, permitiu construir o modelo intitulado: Dinâmica P2MA (Professor-Problema, Matemática, Aluno), constituído por quatro modalidades de trabalho (Individualmente, em Duplas, em Grupos Pequenos e em Grupo Completo); neste artigo são descritas e caracterizadas detalhadamente ditas modalidades de trabalho.
Pruebas no paramétricas a través de la Actividad de Situaciones Problema Docente en Matemática
Authors: García Mendoza Héctor José , Menéndez Rodríguez Tomás Daniel , Tintorer Delgado Oscar
Published: February 2025

El objetivo del artigo es la utilización de los métodos estadísticos inferenciales no paramétricos en investigaciones sobre el proceso de aprendizaje para direccionar las explicaciones cualitativas. La teoría que fundamenta el proceso aprendizaje es la Histórico-Cultural de la actividad en las perspectivas de Galperin, Talízina y Majmutov a través de la Actividad de Situaciones-Problema Docente em Matemática (ASPDM). Dicha actividad es una estrategia de aprendizaje por medio de la resolución de problemas, que su vez, está formada por las acciones de formular el problema docente, construir el modelo matemático, solucionar el problema docente y analizar la solución. Las acciones de la ASPDM son convertidas en variables (cuantitativa) y categóricas (cualitativa) para explicar el proceso de aprendizaje. Al final se coloca un ejemplo aplicando el método estadístico inferencial no paramétrico Wilcoxon para muestras relacionadas para comparar el antes y después de una intervención pedagógica.
O GTERP de frente para o espelho: esboço para uma auto-análise
Authors: Morais Rosilda dos Santos , Nunes Celia Barros , Onuchic Lourdes de la Rosa
Published: February 2025

Este artigo traz uma reflexão sobre o Grupo de Trabalho e Estudos em Resolução de Problemas (GTERP) no âmbito do campo profissional e científico Educação Matemática. Não se trata, no entanto, de um inventário da produção do Grupo, tão pouco de uma sintetização do já produzido, mas sim, buscou-se realizar um primeiro exercício de “olhar para dentro” com o intuito de trazer elementos que possibilitem compreender como, e em que medida, produções do Grupo têm ultrapassado os limites dos “intramuros” do GTERP. Desse modo, interrogou-se sobre “Como ‘mensurar’ o alcance de pesquisas realizadas no GTERP para além da academia? Pesquisas realizadas no grupo têm chegado ao ensino e à formação de professores? É possível ‘mensurar’ esse alcance?” Por certo que este artigo não intenciona responder a todas essas questões, mas conforme mencionado, o exercício aqui proposto buscou um “olhar para si” e “para além” prospectando à pesquisa do Grupo novos avanços.
Pesquisa sobre Proposição de Problemas Matemáticos: Trinta Anos de Avanços a partir da Publicação “On Mathematical Problem Posing”
Authors: Cai Jinfa , Hwang Stephen , Melville Matthew
Published: February 2025

Em 1994, Ed Silver publicou um artigo original intitulado “On Mathematical Problem Posing”. Silver tanto ajudou a estabelecer as bases para a pesquisa de proposição de problemas como apontou direções-chave que a pesquisa de proposição de problemas poderia explorar. Este artigo fornece uma breve revisão da literatura sobre proposição de problemas nas últimas três décadas, mostrando que houve avanços marcantes na pesquisa de proposição de problemas. Fornecemos não apenas uma revisão dos avanços na pesquisa de proposição de problemas, mas também do impacto do artigo original de Silver na pesquisa de proposição de problemas. O artigo termina com uma discussão de três áreas específicas de pesquisa sobre a proposição de problemas matemáticos (uma dessas áreas é a Aprendizagem Baseada em Proposição de Problemas [P-PBL]) que estão prontas para o progresso e podem significativamente avançar todo o campo.
Propagation of laser modes by testing the angular spectrum technique and the analysis of Gaussian beam profiles by using the multiple knife-edge method
Authors: Talatinian Alexander
Published: February 2025

This research focuses on the analysis of laser beam shape propagation properties and the generalized beam shaping of the fundamental Gaussian mode, Hermite–Gaussian modes and Laguerre–Gaussian modes, which were studied analytically and numerically using the angular spectrum technique and the 2D fast Fourier transformation procedures. The fundamental Gaussian mode is applied here as the reference for checking the accuracy of beam profile analysis based on multiple scanning knife-edge method. A set of spatial profile curves is generated, each of which represents the intensity profile of the fundamental Gaussian mode for different directions of propagation. The He-Ne laser and the diode laser are used as the probe lasers. The experimental results show that the He-Ne laser emits a pure fundamental Gaussian mode, whereas the diode laser emits an elliptical beam shape. Some numerical simulation examples of the generated beams are also given to illustrate the propagation properties of the fundamental Gaussian mode, Hermite–Gaussian modes, and Laguerre–Gaussian modes.
The Influence of Trust on Voluntary Tax Compliance in Tanzania: A Case of Small Enterprises
Authors: Athanas Noah
Published: February 2025

The study assessed the influence of trust on voluntary tax compliance from a small enterprise perspective. The study integrated both institutional trust and interpersonal trust in the hypothesized model. The study employed a quantitative approach along with an explanatory research strategy. Data were collected from 100 conveniently selected owners of small enterprises using structured questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis whereas Smart PLS 4.0 served as a statistical tool for analysis. The results from SEM indicated that institutional trust has a statistically significant influence on voluntary tax compliance among small enterprises. Also, the results indicated that institutional trust mediates the influence of interpersonal trust on voluntary tax compliance among small enterprises. Furthermore, the total effect results from SEM indicated that interpersonal trust has a significant influence on voluntary tax compliance among small enterprises. Implicitly, both institutional and interpersonal trusts play a significant role in enhancing voluntary tax compliance among small enterprises. Respondents believe that their voluntary tax compliance would increase if they had trust-based relationships with officials and tax authorities. Therefore, in order for the tax authority to enhance voluntary compliance behaviour, it is vital to focus on tax administration strategies that would build, enhance and sustain the trustworthiness of organizations and officials to ensure sustainable domestic revenue for socio-economic development.
A Framework for Managing Water Quality from Hand-dug Well: A Case of Mutukula Town Council, Uganda
Authors: Tumwebaze Yosam , Agunyo Miria Frances , Wozei Eleanor , Nkambwe Sarah Kizza
Published: February 2025

This research proposed the adoption of a framework as a supporting tool to enhance the management of the quality of water from hand-dug wells in Mutukula Town Council, Uganda. Although water from hand-dug wells is often considered prone to contamination, no such study has been carried out for Mutukula Town Council. Adopting both qualitative and quantitative approaches including the use of surveys, experimentation and tools such as the sanitary inspection package developed by the World Health Organization, the research clearly indicated that not only was the quality of water from the 5 wells considered poor but that the wells also lacked pertinent components such as secure covers, drainage provisions, headwalls among others. Moreover, the absence of regulatory tools/guidelines, and cultural and socioeconomic practices amongst community members further contributed to risks associated with using water from these wells. This research proposes a framework that can be adopted by respective local authorities to enhance management and monitoring of water quality and it incorporates key components of training and capacity building, collective supervision and encouraging regular engagements with the various stakeholders
The Shift towards Renewable Energies and Its Role in Sustainable Development in Algeria
Authors: Imene Boudir , Nouria Kadri
Published: February 2025

As part of the energy transition towards renewable energies, Algeria, like many other countries around the world, is seeking to use renewable energy sources to enhance its energy security by diversifying its energy mix and reducing its dependence on fossil fuels. This study aims to shed light on the potential of renewable energy in Algeria by presenting theoretical concepts about renewable energies. It will also highlight the current renewable energy projects in the country and identify future strategies and ambitious plans to encourage investments in this field. We conclude that despite many challenges, Algeria has made significant progress in its transition to renewable energy, which is characterized by a great diversity of sources. The country has already developed several solar and wind energy projects and launched initiatives to promote energy efficiency and conservation. With continued investment and policy support, Algeria has the potential to become a leader in renewable energy and achieve energy security while addressing the challenges of climate change.
Developing a Time Series Financial Market Forecasting Model Based on Machine Learning Tools and Techniques
Authors: Bhullar Jaideep Singh
Published: February 2025

One critical research area in this regard is financial market forecasting, where the outcome bears critical implications
for both investors and policy makers and various financial institutions. These markets, represented in the stock markets
and other types of financial products, show complexities in nonlinearities and dynamics brought about by multitudes
of interacting factors such as macroeconomic variables, investor emotions, and general global events. The traditional
ARIMA and GARCH models have found extensive application in financial forecasting. However, these models are
not able to capture the intricate dependencies and nonstationary nature of financial time series.
Recent improvements in ML and DL have led to very strong analytic and predictive powers of analyzing the trends
in the financial market in much greater precision. SVM, RF, k-NN-based algorithms have performed significantly
well to describe the complicated interaction patterns within the financial data. Furthermore, deep learning techniques,
such as RNNs, LSTM networks, and CNNs, have been proven to have better performance in time series forecasting
by capturing long-term dependencies and hierarchical patterns in the data.
The Influence of Framing on Financial Decision-Making and Risk Tolerance
Authors: Shah Shaurya
Published: February 2025

Classical economic theory assumes rational decision-making, as introduced by Adam Smith's concept of the "invisible
hand," but real-world behavior frequently deviates due to cognitive biases like the framing effect. Behavioral
economics, pioneered by Kahneman and Tversky, reveals that decision-making is influenced by how information is
presented, leading to risk aversion in gain scenarios and risk-seeking in loss scenarios. This study explores these
dynamics by presenting participants with positively and negatively framed financial scenarios, focusing on investment
decisions.
Participants from diverse demographics completed surveys designed to isolate the effects of framing on financial
behavior. Scenarios varied across key variables, including potential gain/loss magnitude, investment duration, external
news, and personal financial contexts. A fixed initial capital of $150,000 was used to ensure uniformity in decisionmaking, with additional scenarios personalized to participants’ income levels to evaluate framing's impact in realworld-like settings.
Edadismo en Personal de Salud del Hospital General de Zona Número 2, Salina Cruz, Oaxaca
Authors: López Ruiz Ana Laura , Cervantes Iturbe Erik Arturo
Published: February 2025

El edadismo, también conocido como “discriminación por edad” o “viejismo”; es un término que se refiere a los prejuicios y la discriminación hacia la persona en función de la edad, incluidas las actitudes perjudiciales contra las personas mayores y su proceso de envejecimiento, ya sea a través de la estigmatización y los estereotipos o las prácticas discriminatorias de la sociedad y sus instituciones. En los profesionales de la salud se ha señalado que tienen dificultad para reconocer la presencia de procesos patológicos en las personas mayores ya que asocian de forma natural, la edad con la fragilidad y la debilidad (Montorio e Izal; 1994), y se ha dicho que pueden llegar a utilizar la edad como un indicador para explicar el comportamiento, variando el diagnóstico y las recomendaciones para el tratamiento de las personas mayores en comparación con adultos de menor edad. El objetivo de esta tesis consistió en evaluar la presencia de edadismo en el Hospital General de zona No. 2, Salina Cruz, Oaxaca. La muestra fue de 150 profesionales de la salud de diferentes áreas adscritos al HGZ2, se les aplicó el cuestionario de Estereotipos Negativos hacia la vejez (CENVE) (Blanca Mena, Sánchez Palacios, y Trianes, 2005). En el análisis de las puntuaciones obtenidas, el cuestionario mostró que existe estereotipos negativos hacia la vejez con el 39.3%, sin embargo, en el análisis de frecuencias, se determinó que el factor salud mostró una presencia más alta de estereotipos negativos hacia la vejez con el 44%, seguido del factor carácter- personalidad con 42.7%. Respecto al sexo, se encontró que las mujeres tienen mayores actitudes edadistas con un porcentaje de 45.7% en comparación con los hombres que tuvo un porcentaje de 28.6%. Respecto a la categoría, el personal de enfermería fue el que más actitudes negativas tuvo con un porcentaje de 51.8% en comparación con el resto del personal. Conclusiones: Podemos concluir que, si bien el porcentaje de estereotipos negativos hacia la vejez es bajo, se comprueba la existencia
Convergence and Accommodation Insufficiency in School Going Children
Authors: Ahmed Yousuf , Akram Sehrish , Ashraf Muhammad Awais , Iqbal Hadia , Waseem Duaa , Khan Muhammad Rizwan
Published: February 2025

Objective: To assess Convergence and accommodation insufficiency in school going children presented in eye OPD Holy Family Hospital.
Study design: It was a Descriptive hospital-based study.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted at The Department of Ophthalmology, Eye OPD, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi from May to October 2023.
Material and Methods: 80 patients were studied for the research purpose. Detailed examinations were performed including history taking, slit lamp examination, vision and Orthoptics test for evaluation of any deviation related with strabismus.
Results: Out of the 80 patients with Convergence and Accommodation Insufficiency (CI) seen at HFH, 44 were female, and 36 were male. A total of 40 patients showed an association with CI. Among these patients, 42 presented with asthenopic symptoms, while 28 had no noticeable symptoms. Age distribution revealed that only 16 patients were under 10 years old, 36 were between 12 and 18 years, and 28 were between 19 and 22 years. Nearly all patients required an Orthoptics assessment, with only 12 having a history of deviation. A small number, about 8 patients, presented due to excessive near work, highlighting the impact of prolonged close-up activities on their condition.
Conclusion: Approximately 10% of the cases involved each of the visual syndromes, including Convergence and Accommodation Insufficiency (CI), and it was noted that visual discomfort is common among teenagers with these conditions. In cases of asthenopia, such as headaches and difficulty concentrating during near vision tasks,it is crucial to assess the quality of binocular vision. Evaluating and managing CI is essential to alleviate symptoms and improve visual efficiency, particularly during activities that require sustained near focus.
Action Against Assistance in the Abuse of Residence Permits for Foreign Nationals by the Class I Immigration Office TPI Tanjung Perak (Case Study of the Surabaya District Court Decision No. 4485/Pid.C/2021/PN Sby)
Authors: Frans Xaverius Ulu  , Andy Usmina Wijaya
Published: February 2025

Indonesia is a unitary state that has a very large territory so that state sovereignty is a non-negotiable price that must be maintained. Indonesia has the right to the authority to regulate its own order in protecting its territory including in terms of granting residence permits to foreigners who enter and settle in its territory. Because it is very possible for foreigners to misuse residence permits, where this violation usually also involves Indonesian citizens to take advantage for personal gain unlawfully. The purpose of this writing is to find out and analyze the actions of the Immigration Office in taking action against foreigners who violate their residence permits in Indonesia, especially in the area of the Class I Tanjung Perak Surabaya Immigration Office. The method used in this writing is a normative literature study, namely based on documents obtained from various sources related to the main problem.
Maximum-likelihood Regression with Systematic Errors for Astronomy and the Physical Sciences. I. Methodology and Goodness-of-fit Statistic of Poisson Data
Authors: Bonamente Massimiliano , Chen Yang , Zimmerman Dale
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a new statistical method that enables the use of systematic errors in the maximum-likelihood regression of integer-count Poisson data to a parametric model. The method is primarily aimed at the characterization of the goodness-of-fit statistic in the presence of the over-dispersion that is induced by sources of systematic error, and is based on a quasi-maximum-likelihood method that retains the Poisson distribution of the data. We show that the Poisson deviance, which is the usual goodness-of-fit statistic and that is commonly referred to in astronomy as the Cash statistics, can be easily generalized in the presence of systematic errors, under rather general conditions. The method and the associated statistics are first developed theoretically, and then they are tested with the aid of numerical simulations and further illustrated with real-life data from astronomical observations. The statistical methods presented in this paper are intended as a simple general-purpose framework to include additional sources of uncertainty for the analysis of integer-count data in a variety of practical data analysis situations.
Propagation of Interplanetary Shocks in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Lkhagvadorj Munkhjargal , Facskó Gábor , Opitz Andrea , Kovács Péter , Sibeck David G.
Published: February 2025

Interplanetary (IP) shocks are one of the crucial dynamic phenomena in the heliosphere. They can accelerate particles to high energies, generate plasma waves, and trigger geomagnetic storms in Earth’s magnetosphere, significantly impacting technological infrastructure. In this study, two IP shock events are selected to study the temporal variations of the shock parameters using magnetometer and ion plasma measurements from STEREO-A and B, the Wind, Cluster fleet, and the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft. The shock normal vectors are determined using minimum variance analysis and magnetic coplanarity methods. During the 2007 May 7 event, the shock parameters and the shock normal direction remain consistent across each spacecraft crossing of the shock. The shock surface appears to be tilted by almost the same degree as the Parker spiral, and the driver could be a corotating interaction region (CIR). During the 2007 April 23 event, the shock parameters do not change significantly except for the shock angle θ

Bn
; however, the shape of the IP shock appears to be twisted in the direction perpendicular to the Sun–Earth line as well. The driver of this rippled shock is a stream interaction region/CIR as well.
Blowin’ in the Nonisothermal Wind: Core-powered Mass Loss with Hydrodynamic Radiative Transfer
Authors: Misener William , Schulik Matthäus , Schlichting Hilke E. , Owen James E.
Published: February 2025

The mass loss rates of planets undergoing core-powered escape are usually modeled using an isothermal Parker-type wind at the equilibrium temperature, T
eq. However, the upper atmospheres of sub-Neptunes may not be isothermal if there are significant differences between the opacity to incident visible and outgoing infrared radiation. We model bolometrically driven escape using AIOLOS, a hydrodynamic radiative-transfer code that incorporates double-gray opacities, to investigate the process’s dependence on the visible-to-infrared opacity ratio, γ. For a value of γ ≈ 1, we find that the resulting mass loss rates are well approximated by a Parker-type wind with an isothermal temperature T = T
eq/21/4. However, we show that over a range of physically plausible values of γ, the mass loss rates can vary by orders of magnitude, ranging from 10−5×  the isothermal rate for low γ to 105×  the isothermal rate for high γ. The differences in mass loss rates are largest for small planet radii, while for large planet radii, mass loss rates become nearly independent of γ and approach the isothermal approximation. We incorporate these opacity-dependent mass loss rates into a self-consistent planetary mass and energy evolution model and show that lower/higher γ values lead to more/less hydrogen being retained after core-powered mass loss. In some cases, the choice of opacities determines whether or not a planet can retain a significant primordial hydrogen atmosphere. The dependence of escape rate on the opacity ratio may allow atmospheric escape observations to directly constrain a planet's opacities and therefore its atmospheric composition.
Pharmacological treatment of predominantly storage low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men – a review
Authors: Mladenov Boris
Published: February 2025

Low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common, very bothersome and with increased frequency in aging male population. Apart from voiding symptoms many men are struggling with moderate and severe storage symptoms, which influence dramatically their quality of life. One of the treatment options is pharmacotherapy, where several drug groups are available nowadays – among them α1-blockers and antimuscarinics. While every group has its advantages and side effects, the combination of those two have shown increased efficacy and acceptable safety when used in the good selected population of patients with combined voiding and storage LUTS.
Exercise in Korean Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Kim Tae-Hwan , Shin Ji Hui , Koo Bon San
Published: February 2025

Background/Aims: Exercise is a key component of the management of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), providing symptomatic relief and helping prevent ankylosis. However, there is a lack of quantitative studies evaluating daily exercise patterns in patients with axSpA. This study assessed the types, frequency, and duration of exercises performed by these patients through a structured questionnaire.Methods: This cross-sectional study included radiographic axSpA patients who visited a rheumatology clinic between September 2014 and March 2016 and provided informed consent to participate. The survey captured information on four types of exercise: high-intensity exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, strength training, and walking. Disease activity and functional status were evaluated using the Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) and the Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), respectively.Results: A total of 645 patients participated in the study. Among them, 25.1% engaged in high-intensity exercise, 36.0% in moderate-intensity exercise, 81.2% in walking, and 32.8% in strength training. The median weekly exercise frequency was 3.0 days (interquartile range [IQR], 2.0-4.0) for high-intensity exercise, 3.0 days (IQR, 2.0-5.0) for moderate-intensity exercise, 5.5 days (IQR, 4.0-7.0) for walking, and 3.0 days (IQR, 2.0-5.0) for strength training. The median daily exercise duration was 60 minutes (IQR, 60-120) for high-intensity exercise, 60 minutes (IQR, 30-90) for moderate-intensity exercise, 30 minutes (IQR, 20-60) for walking, and 30 minutes (IQR, 20-60) for strength training. Comparisons by disease activity showed that BASFI scores were more strongly associated with differences in exercise patterns than BASDAI scores.Conclusion: Radiographic axSpA patients predominantly engaged in low-intensity activities, particularly walking, typically for short durations. Given the observed variations in exercise patterns based on disease activity, personalized exercise education and guidance should be prioritized in clinical practice to optimize axSpA management.
Appropriate harvest maturity for exploitation of wild black raspberry (Rubus sp.) fruits during shelf life period from Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Hayyat Sana , Maqbool Mehdi , Hamid Abdul , Shehzad Muhammad , Anwar Raheel , Horvitz Sandra , Zahid Noosheen , Khan Muhammad Azam
Published: February 2025

Black raspberries (Rubus sp.) are abundantly grown and distributed widely in temperate regions of Pakistan which shows rich plant diversity of fruit species. In this study wildly grown black raspberry fruits were harvested from Rawalakot at three different maturity stages and investigated for physical, biochemical and antioxidant properties. Random samples of wild black raspberry fruits from each maturity stage [turning (75% red, 25% green), full red (100% red), black (100% black)] were stored at room temperature (22 ± 2 ℃, 46% RH) for maximum 7 days and analysed on alternate days. Results showed that fruit weight, total soluble solids, pH, vitamin C, total flavonoids, total phenols, total antioxidants and total anthocyanins increased whereas fruit firmness and titratable acidity levels decreased as maturity progressed from turning to black stage. During shelf life period, total soluble solids and pH increased, while fruit weight, firmness, total anthocyanins, total flavonoids and total phenols significantly decreased with shelf life period. Moreover, titratable acidity and vitamin C decreased by advancement in shelf life period. It is advisable that wild black raspberry fruits should be harvested at black stage if used for immediate consumption. However, raspberries can be harvested at full red stage to extend storage period without compromising on fruit quality.
Effect of convective and vacuum drying on some physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of peppermint leaves
Authors: ElGamal Ramadan , Hamed Omar A. , Rayan Ahmed M. , Liu Chuanping , Kishk Sameh , Al-Rejaie Salim , ElMasry Gamal
Published: February 2025

This study examines the effects of convective air and vacuum drying at 40, 50, and 60 ℃ on the drying behavior, color, pigments, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of peppermint leaves. The drying data were modeled using eight drying models, with the Midilli model being the best fit for both drying methods with the highest R2 (>0.99) and lowest values of χ2 (<0.003) and root mean square error (RMSE) (<0.035). Results showed that convective drying at 60 ℃ had the highest drying rate (0.62 d.b./h) compared to vacuum drying (0.25 d.b./h) at the same drying temperature. Effective moisture diffusivity increased with the increase in drying temperature and ranged from 1.00 × 10−13 to 5.16 × 10−13 (m2 s−1). Activation energy ranged from 39.72 to 41.46 (kJ mol−1). Furthermore, vacuum drying resulted in higher lightness and lower redness (a*) values than convective drying at higher temperatures. Both methods increased chlorophyll a and b contents, while β-carotene and phenolic contents significantly decreased, particularly at higher temperatures. This study highlights that both convective and vacuum drying methods affect the drying behavior and quality of peppermint leaves, with lower temperatures being more effective in preserving color and antioxidant properties. Future studies should focus on optimizing drying conditions to further enhance the retention of key bioactive compounds and explore the potential of other drying techniques for improved peppermint preservation.
Analysis of the nonlinear dynamic behavior of longitudinal systems in heavy-haul trains
Authors: Wang Leiting , Jin Yang , Li Wangxiang , Tang Chenyang
Published: February 2025

The payload, coupler slack, and buffer device performance in heavy-haul trains substantially affect their longitudinal dynamic systems under operational conditions. These factors result in the bifurcation of the system, consequently leading to chaos. To study this phenomenon in depth, a two-degrees-of-freedom longitudinal dynamics model of the train is established. The system is analyzed using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta (R-K_4) numerical integration method, incorporating bifurcation diagrams, phase planes, Poincaré mapping, and time-domain analysis to elucidate the trajectory of the system as it transitions into a chaotic state of motion via period-doubling bifurcations and quasi-periodic motions. A comprehensive analysis of the complex nonlinear dynamics of the train's longitudinal system can establish a theoretical foundation for forecasting and regulating the chaotic motion of the train system.
Effect of binder-aggregate ratio and glass powder on the performance of concrete cured in different media
Authors: Awolusi Temitope , Azab Marc , Accouche Oussama , Ajayi Precious , Nnochiri Emeka
Published: February 2025

The current approach to producing concrete is believed to be unsustainable because of its significant consumption of cement and aggregate, thereby causing environmental risks and improper curing of concrete, which could lead to lower durability and increased permeability. This study investigated the use of glass powder as a partial replacement for cement by testing the output concrete with three different curing methods. The percentage replacement of glass powder in cement varied from 0%, 10%, and 20% for varying binder/aggregate ratios of 0.35, 0.46, and 0.57, respectively. Results show that the concrete mix with a binder/aggregate ratio of 0.46 had the highest slump value. The samples cured in liquid coatings of lime solution had the highest mean density of 2575 kg/m3, which makes lime curing the most appropriate method if permeability is a desired concrete property. Water curing produced the highest compressive strength of 17.27 N/mm2 at an optimum binder/aggregate ratio of 0.46. The findings show that increasing the aggregate content of concrete mix with subsequent wet curing will most likely decrease concrete permeability. The use of waste glass as a partial replacement for cement is recommended as it improves the structural performance of concrete.
Fundamental theorems of group isomorphism under the framework of complex intuitionistic fuzzy set
Authors: Jawad Muhammad , Nigar Niat , Hoskova-Mayerova Sarka , Davvaz Bijan , Mateen Muhammad Haris
Published: February 2025

Algebraic homomorphisms are essential mathematical structures that sustain operations across algebraic systems such as groups, rings, and fields. These mappings not only preserve the validity of algebraic operations but also make it easier to investigate structural similarities and equivalences across distinct algebraic entities. In this article, we establish the group isomorphism under the complex intuitionistic fuzzy set, an extended form of the complex fuzzy set that adds the complex degree of non-membership functions, which plays a significant role in the decision-making process. The complex algebraic structure provides effective tools for understanding complex phenomena. We discuss the more intricate features of homomorphism and isomorphism in the framework of a complex intuitionistic fuzzy set. In addition, we introduce the complex intuitionistic fuzzy normal subgroups. We establish the relationship between two complex intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups and analyze of complex intuitionistic fuzzy isomorphisms among these subgroups, proving the important theorems. Furthermore, we establish examples to explore the concept of complex intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups.
María de Encío: esposa, madre, amante, encomendera y abuela de “la Quintrala” ... una micro-biografía desde registros inquisitoriales. Lima-Chile, 1579-1581
Authors: Urra Jaque Natalia
Published: February 2025

Cientos de documentos inquisitoriales se conservan en los archivos españoles y americanos. Todos y cada uno de ellos contienen información clave para estudiar y analizar la historia moderna iberoamericana. Algunos concentran datos administrativos, económicos y, sobre todo, personales. Nuestro objetivo, es rehacer el perfil biográfico de una mujer cuya participación en la conquista de Chile pasó desapercibida. María de Encío, nuestra protagonista, enjuiciada entre 1579 y 1581 por los hombres de la Inquisición limeña, fue limitada a ser la abuela, la esposa y, según algunos, la amante de otros personajes históricos como, por ejemplo, Pedro de Valdivia y Catalina de los Ríos y Lisperguer. A través del registro inquisitorial reconstruiremos aspectos vivenciales de María, principalmente aquellos relacionados a su posición económica, familiar y, especialmente, social.
Una búsqueda infructuosa de justicia: estupros en la provincia de Buenos Aires, 1870-1920
Authors: Salvatore Ricardo D.
Published: February 2025

Este artículo examina, desde una perspectiva subalternista, los juicios por estupro en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina durante la Era del Progreso (1870-1920). Siguiendo la línea de Ranajit Guha, el estudio sintetiza los “aspectos elementales” de la violencia sexual a las niñas. Para ello, trato de identificar cómo las prácticas judiciales terminaban generando obstáculos que perjudicaban el acceso a la justicia para las víctimas. La ausencia de la palabra del violador, la ambigüedad de la pericia médica, la desconfianza de los jueces en el relato de las víctimas, y el temor de los padres por la maledicencia pública, todo conspiró para hacer del esclarecimiento de estos casos un verdadero calvario. En conclusión, se identifica que el cuestionamiento de la palabra de la víctima y la elevada tasa de absolución para los sospechosos no es un accidente, sino resultado de la doble situación de subalternidad que estas jóvenes poseen, tanto por su edad como por su género.
Proteger y protestar. Exclamaciones y declaraciones ante escribano (Perú y Chile, siglos XVII y XVIII)
Authors: Argouse Aude , Albornoz Vásquez María Eugenia
Published: February 2025

La segunda mitad del siglo XVII y el siglo XVIII estuvieron caracterizados por las tensiones políticas entre Lima, sede del gobierno del Virreinato, y la Capitanía General de Chile, que estaba bajo su jurisdicción. En este contexto, un capitán del ejército chileno hizo una declaración ante un escribano en Madrid que contradecía las declaraciones previas que él ya había hecho, durante un interrogatorio judicial registrado en Lima dos años antes, en el que criticaba al virrey del Perú. Considerando la declaración realizada en Madrid, este artículo analiza un concepto jurídico que aparece con frecuencia en los documentos disponibles en los archivos de los escribanos, denominado exclamación, que era realizada por hombres y mujeres en las jurisdicciones de Cuzco y Lima (Perú) y Santiago (Chile), durante los siglos XVII y XVIII. Las exclamaciones eran utilizadas por las personas que buscaban protegerse contra posibles pérdidas futuras, o para evitar el mal uso de una anterior declaración escrita. Así, las exclamaciones eran actos oficiales ante escribano y tenían un propósito judicial. Nuestra hipótesis es que estos actos realizados ante los escribanos liberaban voces dominadas. Esto nos permite delinear varias funciones de la escritura de los escribanos, situada entre la justicia y la conciencia. Con ello, interrogamos cómo la verdad y la memoria pueden o no emerger de estos documentos, considerando la ubicación y el género de la protección y la protesta que se hacen, mediante este instrumento, contra la dominación. Argumentamos que el factor tiempo es significativo y que la subalternidad no es una condición ineludible para su realización.
Paysages et labels : une communication autour de l’ancrage territorial renouvelé de l’industrie textile
Authors: Lembezat Mathieu
Published: February 2025

L’industrie textile a contribué à construire des territoires industriels en France. Après une période de crise de la filière depuis les années 1960, les industriels ayant poursuivi leur activité se sont positionnés sur des marchés de niche (luxe, technique) et ont joué la carte du localisme et du Made In France. Des labels certifient les productions et attestent du savoir-faire de l’entreprise. Certaines d’entre elles fonctionnent dans des sites de production anciens (issus d’un héritage proto-industriel ou des révolutions industrielles) et peuvent mobiliser un savoir-faire hérité. En raison de leur caractère ancien, ces sites de production sont mis en avant par la communication des entreprises notamment sur les réseaux sociaux. Elles utilisent leur ancrage paysager, social et économique dans leur territoire. À travers trois cas concrets, accompagnés de photographies, illustrant des sites de production, cet article met en lumière les choix délibérés d’entreprises établies dans des sites historiques. Il témoigne de ce que ces entreprises souhaitent présenter et de ce qu’elles décident délibérément de ne pas montrer.
Parcs à thème : paysages aménagés et paysages extérieurs. Regards croisés entre le Disneyland Park (États-Unis) et les parcs Mirapolis et Astérix (France)
Authors: Damerval Steven
Published: February 2025

Le présent article s’intéresse à l’intégration paysagère des parcs à thème au sein de leur environnement et, plus spécifiquement, à celle des deux premiers parcs à thème français d’envergure nationale qui se sont implantés à proximité de Paris en réaction au succès du Disneyland Park (Anaheim, États-Unis) : les parcs Mirapolis et Astérix. Au regard des pratiques paysagères du modèle Disneyland Park, nous allons nous intéresser aux stratégies des aménagistes quant à l’aménagement paysager des parcs à thème eu égard à leurs paysages extérieurs. Cette ouverture/fermeture du parc à thème sur l’extérieur convoque les enjeux conceptuels de ces lieux, à savoir l’immersion ou le dépaysement.
PENSIERO IDEOLOGICO, METODO SCIENTIFICO E ATTITUDINE VERSO IL RISCHIO
Authors: Puglisi Riccardo
Published: February 2025

Building on Karl Popper’s theories on the falsifiability of scientific hypotheses, this contribution focuses on the relationship between the scientific method, ideological thinking, and risk attitudes. According to Popper, those who adopt the scientific method should be significantly less risk-averse than those with an ideological approach, as they are willing to see their theoretical hypothesis rejected by the data. Conversely, those following an ideological approach – when faced with empirical evidence that rejects their hypothesis – are inclined to defend their now-ideological hypothesis by employing what Popper calls “conventionalist stratagems.” These involve reacting ex post by opportunistically modifying the initial hypothesis and/or changing the weights assigned to various criteria of validity/truthfulness. Here, I propose using the frequency of these conventionalist stratagems as a means to measure individual preferences for the ideological approach versus the scientific method. The essay then outlines some empirical strategies to investigate the relationship between these preferences and risk attitudes, and discusses the structural decline in the “disruptiveness” of scientific discoveries as a possible reflection of a growing risk aversion among successive cohorts of researchers.
Molecular hydrogen inhalation modulates resting metabolism in healthy females: findings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study
Authors: Grepl Pavel , Botek Michal , Krejčí Jakub , McKune Andrew
Published: February 2025

Initially, molecular hydrogen was considered a physiologically inert and non-functional gas. However, experimental and clinical studies have shown that molecular hydrogen has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and strong selective antioxidant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 60 minutes of molecular hydrogen inhalation on respiratory gas analysis parameters using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. The study was conducted at Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc from September 2022 to March 2023. Twenty, physically active female participants aged 22.1 ± 1.6 years who inhaled either molecular hydrogen or ambient air through a nasal cannula (300 mL/min) for 60 minutes while resting were included in this study. Metabolic response was measured using indirect calorimetry. Breath-by-breath data were averaged over four 15-minute intervals. Compared with placebo (ambient air), molecular hydrogen inhalation significantly decreased respiratory exchange ratio and ventilation across all intervals. Furthermore, the change in respiratory exchange ratio was negatively correlated with body fat percentage from 30 minutes onwards. In conclusion, 60 minutes of resting molecular hydrogen inhalation significantly increased resting fat oxidation, as evidenced by decreased respiratory exchange ratio, particularly in individuals with higher body fat percentages.