bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vulnerabilidade socioambiental, análise de situação de saúde e indicadores: implicações na qualidade de vida no município de São Paulo
Authors: Roggero Marilia Araujo , Ziglio Luciana , Miranda Marina
Published: July 2018

O município de São Paulo (MSP) junto a Região Metropolitana constitui-se o maior complexo urbano da América Latina, com uma população de aproximadamente 12 milhões de habitantes. Essas informações iniciais constituem-se por si só indicadores importantes da complexidade imbuídos a essa grande área urbana no tocante às vulnerabilidades socioambientais.Pensando em atingir cidades mais sustentáveis, algo que converge aos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas em sua Agenda 2030, o MSP ainda apresenta grandes desafios nesse sentido, caracterizando-se por grande insustentabilidade, pois se verifica a prevalência de um processo de expansão e ocupação caracterizadas por baixa qualidade ambiental, que consequentemente reduz qualidade de vida para parcelas significativas da população.Os indicadores do ObservaSampa aqui trabalhados constituem-se representações quantitativas do Objetivos do Desenvolvimento do Milênio (ODM) para a realidade do MSP, para o ano de 2012 e 2015, sendo que estes foram adaptados para os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) - Agenda 2030. Esses indicadores apresentam espacialidades distintas, podendo representar avanços e/ou retrocessos, são eles: cobertura de consultas pré-natal para as mulheres usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS, incidência de dengue, proporção de partos normais, usuários do bolsa família e ingresso de crianças em idade pré-escolar. Neste sentido, o presente artigo visa colaborar para uma análise integrada de indicadores socioambientais, econômicos e de saúde do MSP, evidenciando os temas acima colocados. Para tanto, como proposta metodológica faz-se necessária a revisão bibliográfica bem como coleta de dados secundários disponíveis na plataforma ObservaSampa da cidade de São Paulo, podendo contribuir para análises de gestão socioambiental urbana e ordenamento territorial do MSP.
Représenter la Polis. Athènes vue, dessinée et imaginée (1834-1962)
Authors: Kanellopoulou Dimitra
Published: July 2018

Peu de temps après l’adoption d’Athènes en tant que capitale de la Grèce moderne, la ratification d’un plan officiel pour la ville est devenue la priorité principale du régime bavarois. Du premier plan effectué en 1834 aux études des transports publics des années 1930, les plans d’urbanisme d’Athènes témoignent de son passage d’un village délabré de quelques milliers d’habitants à une métropole moderne d’un demi-million de population. Hormis la représentation de l’urbanisation galopante, les plans d’Athènes reflètent non seulement les visions de leurs créateurs mais aussi celles de chaque époque marquée par les discours de la communauté scientifique et des acteurs locaux. L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer la production des différents types de plans urbains d’Athènes à travers trois grandes périodes historiques : les premières années de l’ascension de la capitale (1834-1870), l’ère de son industrialisation rapide (1870-1920) et celle d’après-guerre, d’une urbanisation galopante et de la domination de la voiture individuelle. Les plans urbains du XIXe et de la première moitié du XXe siècle, témoignent des étapes successives d’évolution de la ville liée au développement de la trame d’espaces publics et du réseau d’infrastructures. Leur étude et la compréhension des conditions dans lesquelles ils ont été réalisés fournissent aux urbanistes et aux chercheurs en études urbaines des outils nécessaires pour saisir davantage et analyser le développement urbain de la capitale grecque au cours du XXe siècle.
Empowering Novice Teachers Through Blended Feedback
Authors: İnce Burtay Hatice
Published: July 2018

There have been high rates of increase in teacher attrition, especially during the first years of teaching. Novice teachers experience high levels of stress, disappointment, and challenges in the classroom due to lack of teaching experience. This chapter highlights the impact of feedback. It is believed that high-quality feedback coming from various sources during the initial years of teaching can significantly impact teacher retention by developing collegiality among teachers and providing the essential support novice teachers need. A background for the role of peer feedback in teacher education and the importance of its quality are explained, peer coaching and its benefits are clarified, the relationship between peer feedback and teacher efficacy are provided together with a brief information about teacher induction process in Turkish context. A model that employs different sources of feedback is suggested to empower teachers during pre-service, induction, and in-service period. An example peer feedback training lesson plan with worksheets is also provided.
Teacher Identity Development of Non-Education-Degree Individuals
Authors: Nghia Tran Le Huu , Le Kien Trung
Published: July 2018

This chapter reports on the analysis of the narratives of two non-education-degree teachers to highlight the process of their teacher identity development. The analysis showed that their teacher identities were initially developed during their childhood, but then overshadowed by aspirations to have other professional identities; therefore, they did not enroll in teacher education programs. Upon graduation, they entered the teaching profession either accidentally or deliberately. Their teacher identities were shaped via active participation in teaching and professional development activities, and their ability to negotiate between their teaching competence and the practice required in the school. After their teacher identities were established, often by receiving a teaching qualification, they continued to develop their teacher identities by imagining and negotiating their teaching practices with their future selves. Generally, their teacher identity development involved a complex interaction of personal and contextual factors as well as much effort and resilience.
Potentials of Cryptocurrency Entrepreneurs in Transforming Global Cities and Regions
Authors: Abubakar Ismaila Rimi , Benna Abubakar U. , Benna Umar G.
Published: July 2018

The emergence of digital currencies is substantially influencing the growth of global financial markets and cities. Cryptocurrency entrepreneurs (CEs) are reshaping global cities and regions by transforming the way we live, work and interact. This chapter explores how the entrepreneurs use cryptocurrency assets and their underpinning computing technologies to transform the dysfunctional and evolving global cities. The CEs generate funds and create cutting-edge technologies to meet the challenges faced by cities, including unemployment, inadequate and rundown infrastructure and facilities as well as for new development to meet the needs of massive future urbanization. The chapter is organized in five parts. It first introduces the study and presents a background on the concepts of blockchain technologies and cryptocurrency, their emergence and development trend. It then discusses the rise of global cities and how technology impacts them, followed by the potentials and challenges of CEs in transforming global cities and regions. It ends with conclusion and future research directions.
Transformative Entrepreneurs and Urban Development Deficit in Africa
Authors: Benna Umar G.
Published: July 2018

The share of urban Africans is projected to increase 50 percent between 2010 and 2030; making Africa urbanization rate the world's highest. Either such a rate can trigger economic growth, social transformation, and poverty reduction; or alternatively, it can generate more inequality, urban poverty, and the proliferation of slums. The right choice will be shaped by the effectiveness of urban development actors, the efficacy of their industrial and urban policies, the efficiency of implementation tools designed to achieve integrated urban Africa. The reality has been a decline in the public-sector efforts to tackle the problems of industrialization and urban development deficit. However, hope is rising as some transformational entrepreneurs are creating jobs in urban and rural areas to tackle Africa's urban development deficit. This chapter explores the role of Dangote Group as an example of the rising transformative enterprise that is changing African development landscape.
Metropolitan Councils
Authors: Chirisa Innocent , Mhlanga Gift , Dube Buhle , Mukarwi Liaison
Published: July 2018

Although no traction in the envisioned direction has been observed since the adoption of the concept of “metropolitan councils” in the Constitution of Zimbabwe (Amendment No. 20 of 2013), there is much potential, scope, and sense in the idea to spur urban and regional development under the impact of urbanization in the country and beyond. In the Constitution of Zimbabwe, Section 269, Harare and Bulawayo Metropolitan are the only regions due for metropolitan councils. The present study seeks to unravel three critical aspects surrounding the concept metropolitan councils as a new paradigm for urban and regional planning and development in Zimbabwe. The study is based on archival methods, which make use of existing documents including the Constitution of Zimbabwe amendment No.20, media reports, reports and plans, by local authorities, among others. Textual and content analysis have been applied to decipher and pigeonhole into different issues towards clustering them into meaningful themes, hence molding the debate of the chapter.
Snapshots of Reality
Authors: Paran Amos , Duncan Sam
Published: July 2018

This chapter discusses the way in which teachers teaching literature in the Language B International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme incorporate film into their teaching. It presents findings from a mixed methods study, using a large-scale survey of Language B teachers (n=265) and case studies of three schools, incorporating lesson observations and teacher interviews. Analysis of the data relating to film revealed that teachers use film in their literature classroom fairly frequently, are aware of film as an important cultural artefact, and use a wide variety of filmed versions of the literature they taught. Films are used for a variety of purposes, from raising accessibility and helping learners to understand the plot to discussing issues of film adaptation. Using Eken's framework, the main approaches to using film were identified as focusing on the literary and linguistic aspects of the film, rather than on the dramatic and cinematic aspects.
Internet of Things for Automation in Smart Agriculture
Authors: Jat Dharm Singh , Limbo Anton S. , Singh Charu
Published: July 2018

By combining the different monitoring and automation techniques available today, we can develop cutting-edge internet of things (IoT) systems that can support sustainable development through smart agriculture. Systems are able to monitor the farming areas and react to the parameters being monitored on their own without the presence of human beings. This automation can result in a more precise way of maintaining the aspects that affect the growth of plants, leading to an increase in the food production on farmlands. This chapter focuses on IOT for automation in smart agriculture and provides a pathway to develop automation system in the smart environment.
Peregrinating Gardens From Traditional to Most Advanced Handy Approach for Avoiding the Unnecessary Utilization of Resources
Authors: Durugkar Santosh R. , Poonia Ramesh C.
Published: July 2018

We always say agriculture is a backbone of Indian economy. In this chapter, the authors have proposed a novel approach based on priority-driven scheduling-based irrigation model (for home garden) which supplies optimum and good quality water to the crops. Technology used in this proposed system is wireless sensor network. Proposed system will be very useful as it immediately irrigates the plants if the moisture level decreases to avoid the future losses. In this process, soil moisture values will be sensed and compared to find out the lowest value. Such systems will start a new era in agriculture and will prove this could be the major requirement in future due to many critical factors such as irregularity of monsoon, less availability of water, etc. Subtopics enlisted in this chapter such as literature survey, design and modeling, technical specification, sampling, results, and analysis will elaborate depth of proposed system.
Effects of Peer Monitoring and Contract Choice on Repayment Rates Under Group Liability Lending
Authors: Razzaque Shahid
Published: July 2018

This article addresses the issue of peer monitoring and choice of contracts on the repayment behaviour of the subjects. The authors conducted a laboratory experiment using student subjects from the University of Sydney, Australia by employing profit sharing (PS) and conventional interest based (IB) microfinance contracts. In the four treatments, subjects were given the choice to monitor their group partner and also had the choice between selecting one of these two contracts under the group lending scenario. The results indicated statistically significant effect of monitoring on the repayment rates. Interestingly, a significantly high percentage of subjects opted for the PS contracts against the IB contracts. These higher take up rates of PS contracts, however, were not associated with an increase in repayment rates. Not surprisingly though, as the experiment was conducted in Australia, the level of religiosity remained rather an insignificant factor affecting the repayment behaviour of the subjects.
Benefits of Effective Utilization of Mobile Technologies and Inquiry-Based Teaching Methods in University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf M.O. , Lawal Bolanle Idayat , Oyewusi Mary Bose
Published: July 2018

This article examines the benefits of effective utilization of mobile technologies and inquiry-based teaching methods in Nigerian universities. Specifically, the study explores the techniques that guide undergraduate students to learn with digital support from mobile devices and wireless communication during their classroom activities and outside the classroom with use of PDF and WAP technology. This research uses mobile phones because of its easy accessibility to students and lecturers. The researchers are interested in finding out the benefit of effective use of mobile technology in teaching and learning, identifying types of mobile application used by students and examining the time spent on effective learning by students and benefits of receiving classroom material through pdf and WAP technology. Four research questions were raised, and 80 undergraduate students participated in the study. The research design was a descriptive survey, and frequency count, simple percentage and mean score were used for the research analysis. It was revealed that students always use their mobile phones for academic purposes and academic performances of students have been improved through the use of mobile phones to solve classroom questions. The time spent on using mobile phones for learning process was also unveiled and recommendations were made based on the researchers' findings.
Managing Terrorism in Africa
Authors: Gyamfi Gerald Dapaah
Published: July 2018

Terrorism has contributed significantly to the unstable and unavoidable conflict and threat to security to many countries in the twenty-first century globally. In this qualitative case study, the author explores the causes and devastating effects of terrorism on the continent of Africa. The study used purposive sampling method to select and interview eight executive police officers from the Kofi Annan International Peace Training Centre (KAIPTC) and the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) of the Ghana Police Service (GPS). The researcher also assessed issues of policing in Africa relating to terrorism using archival records kept at criminal investigations departments, empirical studies, and other records on the menace published by renowned experts. The study reveals that socialization and radicalism through some interventions are the major causes of terrorism in Africa. The study recommends that international bodies led by the United Nations should support the policing efforts to curb the menace of terrorism in Africa.
Dysfunctional Use of Online Gaming and Socio-Emotional Adaptation at School
Authors: Murdaca Anna Maria , Patrizia Oliva
Published: July 2018

Although online gaming can have many advantages, there are still many young people that tend to be excessively addicted to these online technologies, with a negative impact on their emotional and social functioning. For this reason, the attempt to understand the factors related to online gaming dependence and those related to encouraging positive use is an essential area of health promotion and a priority in preventing serious problems in school context. The aim of the study was to analyze psychological factors (anxiety traits and motivation) related to online gaming and the relation between gaming behaviour and emotional and social functioning at school. 62 secondary school students were recruited for the study. The participants completed the TAD (Anxiety and Depression Test), S.E.D.S. (Social-Emotional Dimension Scale), SDQ (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire) and The Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGD) and their time spent online gaming was recorded. The results showed that psychological factors are strongly related to online gaming time and, both seem to play a significant role in structuring gaming behavior abuse and maladaptive school habits.
An Unsupervised Approach for Determining Link Specifications
Authors: Bencherif Khayra , Malki Mimoun , Bensaber Djamel Amar
Published: July 2018

This article describes how the Linked Open Data Cloud project allows data providers to publish structured data on the web according to the Linked Data principles. In this context, several link discovery frameworks have been developed for connecting entities contained in knowledge bases. In order to achieve a high effectiveness for the link discovery task, a suitable link configuration is required to specify the similarity conditions. Unfortunately, such configurations are specified manually; which makes the link discovery task tedious and more difficult for the users. In this article, the authors address this drawback by proposing a novel approach for the automatic determination of link specifications. The proposed approach is based on a neural network model to combine a set of existing metrics into a compound one. The authors evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in three experiments using real data sets from the LOD Cloud. In addition, the proposed approach is compared against link specifications approaches to show that it outperforms them in most experiments.
Investigation on Cutting Force, Flank Wear, and Surface Roughness in Machining of the A356-TiB2/TiC in-situ Composites
Authors: Kakaravada Ismail , Mahamani Arumugam , Pandurangadu V.
Published: July 2018

This article reveals the experimental investigation on the machinability of A356-TiB2/TiC in-situ composites prepared by a mixed salt reaction system. The fabricated composites are characterized by Energy dispersive analysis (EDAX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-hardness analysis. Multi-coated tungsten carbide tool was used to examine the influence of TiB2/TiC reinforcement ratio on machinability behaviour of composites. The variations in cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut upon cutting force, surface roughness and flank wear were examined. The experimental results revealed that the enhancement of a reinforcement ratio causes the decrease in cutting force and increase in flank wear and surface roughness. Higher flank wear is observed, when machining the A356-TiB2/TiC composites at higher cutting speed due to the generation of high temperature at the machining interface. The increment in surface roughness, flank wear and cutting force is experienced at higher depth of cut and feed rate. Further, the mechanisms of chip formation and surface generation under different machining parameters are addressed. The outcome of this experimental investigation helps to utilize the turning process for machining the in-situ composites at economic machining rate without compromising the surface quality.
The Significance of Trust to the Adoption of E-Working Practices Within Local Government
Authors: Beadle Hazel
Published: July 2018

Drawing upon an in-depth study of one local authority based in the United Kingdom, this article examines the significance of trust to local government workers who are beginning to make increasing use of e-technologies through e-working practices. The article identifies trust to be of particular significance but that the examined context is not supportive of that trust being developed. It notes differences in the perceptions surrounding trust development, that consideration of trust is not just limited to the relationship between management and their workers, and that there is a fear that trust is at risk of abuse. In the face of e-work serving to raise the profile of trust as a significant factor for concern, the associated technologies are suggested to have the potential to offer a solution to some of the issues arising.
Enhanced Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Filled with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Longsaman Massaya , Rujiralai Thitima , Cheewasedtham Wilairat , Putson Chatchai
Published: July 2018

In this work, we present the novel robust material, modified natural rubber (NR) composites filled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). To investigate its outstanding properties, dielectric, electrical and mechanical properties of NR and modified NR composites filled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were studied. The NR and all composite films were prepared by using solution casting method. The size of the synthetic AuNPs was analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) technique. The dispersion of AuNPs fillers within the NR matrix was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dielectric and electrical properties of NR composites were analyzed as function of filler concentration and frequency in a range of 100-105 Hz, observed with the LCR analyzer. Elastic modulus of all samples was evaluated by a strain gauge set up. It was found that the dielectric constant is inversely related to the frequency. Moreover, the dielectric constant and the electrical conductivity strongly increase in proportional to the AuNPs filler content. In comparison at AuNPs concentration of 0.0010% by weight, it was observed that the dielectric constant of NR composites is eight times larger than the pure NR, while the mechanical properties of the NR composites slightly increase in proportional to the AuNPs. As consequence, the interfacial surface area significantly affects the electrical and mechanical properties of those NR composites.
Controlling the Absorption Spectra of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized via Green Synthesis Using Brown Seaweed (Sargassum crassifolium) Extract
Authors: Ouano Johnny Jim S. , Que Mar Christian O. , Basilia Blessie A. , Alguno Arnold C.
Published: July 2018

Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using brown seaweed (Sargassum crassifolium) extract and chloroauric acid solution. This is an easy, cheap and environment friendly synthesis method for the formation of gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles with varying amount of seaweed extract was characterized using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Moreover, Transmission Electron Microscopy characterization was used to observe the shape and size of gold nanoparticles. Experimental results revealed that varying the amount of brown seaweed extract can control the optical absorption spectra of the produced gold nanoparticles. Greater amount of brown seaweed extract will exhibit peak in the lower wavelength while smaller amount of seaweed extract will exhibit peak in the higher wavelength. It is believed that the wavelength of free surface electrons resonance is related to the shift of absorption peak. TEM images revealed a more spherical and smaller particles as the amount of brown seaweed extract was increased. This simple green synthesis method of gold nanoparticles will give a cost effective route in the mass production of gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
CD4+ Regulatory T Cells Exert Differential Functions during Early and Late Stages of the Immune Response to Respiratory Viruses
Authors: Rogers Meredith C. , Lamens Kristina D. , Shafagati Nazly , Johnson Monika , Oury Tim D. , Joyce Sebastian , Williams John V.
Published: July 2018

Acute respiratory virus infection (ARI) induces CD8+ T cells with diminished cytokine production and functional impairment. The role of cellular mediators of immune impairment, specifically CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), is incompletely understood in ARI. Tregs are known suppressors of effector T cell function, but whether they are detrimental or beneficial in ARI remains controversial. We show in this paper that Treg depletion leads to increased CD8+ T cell function and lower virus titer in mice infected with human metapneumovirus. We further demonstrate that Tregs play a temporal role in the immune response to human metapneumovirus and influenza: Treg depletion before infection pathologically reduces virus-specific CD8+ T cell numbers and delays virus clearance, whereas depletion 2 d postinoculation enhances CD8+ T cell functionality without reducing virus-specific CD8+ T cell numbers. Mechanistically, Treg depletion during immune priming led to impaired dendritic cell and CD8+ T cell migration. Further, early Treg depletion was associated with immune skewing toward a type 2 phenotype characterized by increased type 2 innate lymphoid cells and TH2 CD4+ T cells, which was not observed when Treg depletion was delayed until after inoculation. These results indicate that the presence of Tregs at inoculation is critical for efficient priming of the CD8+ T cell response to ARI, whereas later in infection, Tregs are dispensable for virus clearance.
The Splicing FactorRNA-Binding Fox Protein 1Mediates the Cellular Immune Response inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Nazario-Toole Ashley E. , Robalino Javier , Okrah Kwame , Corrada-Bravo Hector , Mount Stephen M. , Wu Louisa P.
Published: July 2018

The uptake and destruction of bacteria by phagocytic cells is an essential defense mechanism in metazoans. To identify novel genes involved in the phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen, we assessed the phagocytic capacity of adult blood cells (hemocytes) of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, by testing several lines of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel. Natural genetic variation in the gene RNA-binding Fox protein 1 (Rbfox1) correlated with low phagocytic capacity in hemocytes, pointing to Rbfox1 as a candidate regulator of phagocytosis. Loss of Rbfox1 resulted in increased expression of the Ig superfamily member Down syndrome adhesion molecule 4 (Dscam4). Silencing of Dscam4 in Rbfox1-depleted blood cells rescued the fly’s cellular immune response to S. aureus, indicating that downregulation of Dscam4 by Rbfox1 is critical for S. aureus phagocytosis in Drosophila. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate a link between Rbfox1, Dscam4, and host defense against S. aureus.
The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Field Hockey (2008–2009 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Field Hockey (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)
Authors: Lynall Robert C. , Gardner Elizabeth C. , Paolucci Jordan , Currie Dustin W. , Knowles Sarah B. , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Wasserman Erin B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Comstock R. Dawn , Marshall Stephen W. , Kerr Zachary Y.
Published: July 2018

Context: 

The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of data for girls' and women's field hockey injuries.

Objective: 

To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' field hockey in the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate women's field hockey in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.

Design: 

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting: 

Online injury surveillance from field hockey teams in high school girls (annual average = 61) and collegiate women (annual average = 14).

Patients or Other Participants: 

Girls' and women's field hockey players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 high school academic years and the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 collegiate academic years.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

Athletic trainers collected time-loss (≥24 hours) injury and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis were calculated.

Results: 

The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 983 time-loss injuries during 569 551 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 996 time-loss injuries during 185 984 AEs. The injury rate from 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 was higher in college than in high school (3.25 versus 1.73/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.63, 2.18). Most injuries occurred during practices in high school (52.0%) and college (60.7%). Injury rates were higher during competitions than practices in high school (IRR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.76, 2.26) and college (IRR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.73, 2.23). At both levels, injuries most commonly occurred to the lower extremity and head/face and resulted in muscle/tendon strains and contusions. However, injury patterns varied between practices and competitions.

Conclusions: 

Injury rates and patterns varied across age groups and between practices and competitions, highlighting the need for development of targeted injury-prevention strategies at both levels of play.
Chiclero's ulcer: An unusual presentation of Leishmania tropica in Syria
Authors: Youssef Alexey , Yaseer Samar , Harfouch Rim , Marouf Maya , Hasan Foz
Published: July 2018

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been an endemic disease in Syria for decades. The first reports of CL from the Syrian city Aleppo date back to the 17th century. The recent crisis has further empowered the spread of this infection not only in Syria, but also in the neighboring countries. Here, we describe a case of a 67-year-old patient with a 6-month, nonhealing ulcerative lesion of the left auricle. It was initially diagnosed as either a squamous or a basal cell carcinoma. However, the biopsy revealed an unexpected finding of Leishmania amastigotes in the histiocytes. Consequently, CL of the auricle, chiclero's ulcer, was diagnosed. Polymerase chain reaction, in turn, revealed Leishmania tropica to be the causing factor; a rather rare one for chiclero's ulcer. The lesion completely resolved after a 3-week glucantime regimen, without any recurrence after an 8-month follow-up.
Скорость сходимости к равномерному распределению в схеме авторегрессии на конечной абелевой группе
Authors: Kruglov Igor Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2018

Рассматривается схема линейной авторегрессии со случайным управлением на конечной абелевой группе. Доказаны неравенства для среднеквадратического уклонения распределений ее элементов от равномерного распределения.
Параметрические модели случайных $r$-подстановок и $r$-разбиений и их вероятностно-статистический анализ
Authors: Ivchenko Grigorii Ivanovich , Medvedev Yurii Ivanovich
Published: July 2018

Работа посвящена исследованию проблем вероятностной комбинаторики, в которых на множестве рассматриваемых комбинаторных объектов задается некоторая параметрическая вероятностная мера. Проводится сравнительный анализ ряда основных свойств случайных $r$-подстановок и случайных $r$-разбиений конечных множеств в однопараметрической модели.
Методы решения систем дискретных уравнений над кольцом целых чисел, основанные на построении графов решений
Authors: Smirnov Vladimir Georgievich
Published: July 2018

Разрабатываются методы решения систем дискретных уравнений, основанные на их представлении с помощью графов специального вида. Доказаны утверждения о свойствах графов решений. Предложены алгоритмы построения графа решений однородной псевдобулевой системы.
Equidistant filters based on skew ML-sequences over fields
Authors: Goltvanitsa M A
Published: July 2018

Пусть $p$ - простое число, $R = \mathrm{GF}(q)$ - поле из $q = p^r$ элементов и $S = \mathrm{GF}(q^n)$ - расширение $R$. Пусть также $\breve{S}$ - кольцо всех линейных преобразований пространства $_RS$. Линейную рекуррентную последовательность $v$ порядка $m$ над модулем $_{\breve{S}}S$ будем называть скрученной линейной рекуррентной последовательностью (скрученной ЛРП) порядка $m$ над $S$. Период $T(v)$ такой последовательности удовлетворяет неравенству $T(v) \leqslant\tau = q^{mn}-1$. Если $T(v) = \tau$, то будем называть $v$ скрученной ЛРП максимального периода (скрученной ЛРП МП). В работе исследуются период и ранг последовательности $y(i) = v(i)v(i + k) \cdot\ldots \cdot v(i + k(s-1))$, $k, s \in \mathbb{N}_0$, $i \geqslant 0$, где $v$ - скрученная ЛРП МП. На основе полученных результатов предлагаются новые подходы к построению фильтрующих генераторов с использованием ЛРП МП.
On software implementation of Kuznyechik on Intel CPUs
Authors: Rybkin A S
Published: July 2018

Исследуются вопросы высокоскоростной реализации блочного шифра Кузнечик на процессорах Intel различных серий. Рассматривается несколько методов реализации, включая технику «битслайс» и доступные на архитектуре Intel способы оптимизации вычислений; оценивается эффективность их применения к алгоритму Кузнечик. Изучается вклад каждого из структурных элементов алгоритма в результирующую сложность его реализации в зависимости от используемого способа оптимизации. Приводятся результаты практической реализации для различных процессоров и возможные способы дальнейшей оптимизации.
Group properties of block ciphers of the Russian standards GOST R 34.11-2012 and GOST R 34.12-2015
Authors: Vlasova Viktoriya Vladimirovna , Pudovkina Marina Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2018

Группа, порожденная множеством раундовых функций, часто используется для описания свойств блочного шифра. С помощью теоремы об условиях знакопеременности группы, порожденной раундовыми преобразованиями XSL-шифра, полученной в 2007 г. А. С. Масловым, доказана знакопеременность групп, порожденных раундовыми функциями алгоритма блочного шифрования Кузнечик и алгоритма блочного шифрования, используемого в функции хэширования Стрибог. В частности, для линейных преобразований в Стрибог-подобных алгоритмах (Стрибог, Anubis и др.) установлена примитивность графа, ассоциированного с этими преобразованиями.
Approximate common divisor problem and lattice sieving
Authors: Zhukov Kirill Dmitrievich
Published: July 2018

Описан эвристический алгоритм вычисления общего делителя двух целых чисел, одно из которых известно приближенно. Эта задача сводится к задаче решения системы целочисленных линейных неравенств. Такая система с двумя неизвестными может быть решена с помощью метода решеточного просеивания, предложенного Й. Франке и Т. Клейнюнгом. Разработанный алгоритм в некоторых случаях оказывается быстрее других известных методов.
Influence of Social Interaction on Women College Students’ Electronic Gambling Machine Behaviour
Authors: Pfund Rory A. , Ginley Meredith K. , Whelan James P. , Peter Samuel C. , Wynn Briana S. , Suda Matthew T. , Meyers Andrew W.
Published: July 2018

Social influence affects college students’ gambling behaviours. However, few studies have experimentally investigated the influence of social interaction on college students’ gambling behaviour, and those studies that have yielded mixed findings. Women college students (n = 109) who endorsed recreational gambling behaviour were randomly assigned to gamble on electronic gambling machines (EGMs) in three conditions: warm social interaction from a confederate (i.e., initiating and maintaining conversation), cold social interaction from a confederate (i.e., refraining from initiating and maintaining conversation), or gambling alone. On average, participants in the warm social interaction condition placed significantly fewer spins and spent more time placing bets on the EGMs compared to the cold social interaction and no confederate conditions. When examining gambling behaviour over time, participants in the warm social interaction condition increased their bet size and the time between their bets over time compared to the cold interaction and no confederate conditions. These results suggest that interpersonal interactions significantly affect gambling behaviour. However, future research is needed to investigate these social processes in other forms of gambling and other gambling experiences.RésuméL’influence sociale affecte les comportements de jeu des étudiants collégiaux et universitaires. Cependant, peu d’études ont analysé de manière expérimentale l’influence de l’interaction sociale sur le comportement de jeu des étudiants, et les études ont donné des résultats mitigés. Les étudiantes (n = 109) qui ont adopté un comportement de jeu récréatif ont été affectées au hasard à des jeux électroniques en fonction d’une des trois conditions suivantes : avec interaction sociale amicale d’un camarade (c.-à-d., qui amorce et entretient la conversation), avec interaction sociale froide d’un camarade (qui s’abstient d’amorcer et d’entretenir la conversation) ou en solitaire. En moyenne, les participantes en condition d’interaction sociale amicale ont joué beaucoup moins de tours et ont consacré plus de temps à parier sur les appareils de jeu électroniques, comparées à ceux qui étaient en interaction sociale froide ou en solitaire. En examinant le comportement de jeu sur une période donnée, les participantes en condition d’interaction sociale amicale ont augmenté la taille des paris et la durée entre les paris par rapport à celles qui étaient dans une interaction sociale froide et en solitaire. Ces résultats font ressortir que les interactions interpersonnelles affectent de manière importante le comportement du jeu. Cependant, d’autres recherches doivent être effectuées pour analyser ces processus sociaux dans d’autres formes de jeux de hasard et d’autres expériences de jeu.
Erratum to: Multi-Venue Self-Exclusion for Gambling Disorders: A Retrospective Process Investigation
Authors: Pickering Dylan , Blaszczynski Alex , Gainsbury Sally M
Published: July 2018

Erratum to: Multi-Venue Self-Exclusion for Gambling Disorders: A Retrospective Process Investigation Originally published in JGI Online First section, Issue 38, Month 2018               DOI:http://dx.doi.org/xxx-xxxx-xxThere were errors in several values listed in Figure 5 under the subheadings “Abstinent” and “Non-abstinent.” Further, the order of these subheadings was reversed. The correct table is shown in the current version of the manuscript.Corrected version may be found in JGI, Issue 38, May 2018                             DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2018.38.7
Apparatus for Dry Deposition of Aerosols on Snow
Authors: Beres Nicholas D. , Moosmüller Hans
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Deposition of light absorbing aerosol on snow can drastically change the albedo of the snow surface and the energy balance of the snowpack. To study these important effects experimentally and to compare with theory, it is desirable to have an apparatus for such deposition experiments. Here, we describe a simple apparatus to generate and evenly deposit light absorbing aerosols onto a flat snow surface. Aerosols are produced (combustion aerosols) or entrained (mineral dust aerosols) and continuously transported into a deposition chamber placed on the snow surface where they deposit onto and into the snowpack, thereby modifying its surface reflectance and albedo. We demonstrate field operation of this apparatus by generating black and brown carbon combustion aerosols and entraining hematite mineral dust aerosol and depositing them on the snowpack. Changes in spectral snow reflectance is demonstrated qualitatively through pictures of snow surfaces after aerosol deposition and quantitatively by measuring hemispherical-conical reflectance spectra for the deposited areas and for adjacent snowpack in its natural state. Additional potential applications for this apparatus are mentioned and briefly discussed.
Algal richness in BSCs in forests under different management intensity with some implications for P cycling
Authors: Glaser Karin , Baumann Karen , Leinweber Peter , Mikhailyuk Tatiana , Karsten Ulf
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are highly important communities in drylands
and disturbed areas worldwide, where the higher vegetation is sparse, with a
diverse microalgal community as the key component. They perform important
ecological functions, such as stabilization of soil and nutrient enrichment.
In temperate regions BSCs are also common, but generally less studied.
Changes in land use and land use intensity strongly influence biodiversity
per se and ecosystem processes, as can be seen particularly in densely
populated regions like Europe. However, systematic studies on the effect of
land use gradients, i.e., forest management intensity, on BSCs have been
missing up to now. To close this knowledge gap and enhance the understanding
of management effects on BSCs from pine and beech forests under different
management regimes, key primary producers of these communities (eukaryotic
microalgae and cyanobacteria) were studied. Phototrophic microorganisms were
identified morphologically and categorized as either coccal taxa, which
typically occur in high diversity, or filamentous taxa, which have the
potential to initiate BSC formation. In total, 51 algal species were
recorded, most of them from the phylum Chlorophyta, followed by Streptophyta
and Stramenopiles, and only 1 cyanobacterial taxon. The most abundant
crust-initiating filamentous algae were three species of
Klebsormidium (Streptophyta), a ubiquitous genus regularly occurring
in BSCs because of its broad ecophysiological tolerance. Increasing
management intensity in the forests resulted in a higher number of algal
species; especially the number of coccal taxa increased. Furthermore, the
proportion of inorganic phosphorus showed tendencies towards a negative
correlation with the number of algal species. Thus, management of forests has
an impact on the diversity of phototrophic organisms in BSCs, which might in
turn affect their biogeochemical P cycling.
SMRT: an active–passive microwave radiative transfer model for snow with multiple microstructure and scattering formulations (v1.0)
Authors: Picard Ghislain , Sandells Melody , Löwe Henning
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) thermal emission and backscatter model was developed to determine uncertainties in forward modeling through intercomparison of different model ingredients. The model differs from established models by the high degree of flexibility in switching between different electromagnetic theories, representations of snow microstructure, and other modules involved in various calculation steps. SMRT v1.0 includes the dense media radiative transfer theory (DMRT), the improved Born approximation (IBA), and independent Rayleigh scatterers to compute the intrinsic electromagnetic properties of a snow layer. In the case of IBA, five different formulations of the autocorrelation function to describe the snow microstructure characteristics are available, including the sticky hard sphere model, for which close equivalence between the IBA and DMRT theories has been shown here. Validation is demonstrated against established theories and models. SMRT was used to identify that several former studies conducting simulations with in situ measured snow properties are now comparable and moreover appear to be quantitatively nearly equivalent. This study also proves that a third parameter is needed in addition to density and specific surface area to characterize the microstructure. The paper provides a comprehensive description of the mathematical basis of SMRT and its numerical implementation in Python. Modularity supports model extensions foreseen in future versions comprising other media (e.g., sea ice, frozen lakes), different scattering theories, rough surface models, or new microstructure models.
DEVELOPMENT OF WEB BASED HIMALAYAN GLACIER INFORMATION SYSTEM USING OPEN SOURCE
Authors: Rawal D. , Sharma A. K. , Vyas A. , Rajawat A. S.
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Systematic inventory of glaciers is required for a variety of applications needed for the comprehensive development of the Himalayan region such as: a) disaster warning, b) estimation of irrigation potential, c) planning and operation of mini and micro hydroelectric power stations, etc. A systematic inventory of the Himalayan glaciers at 1 : 50,000 scale was created for Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra basins using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite data and attempted to modified global standards in GIS environment (Sharma et al, 2013). A robust, user- friendly web-based Himalayan Glacier Information System (HGIS), a first of its kind in the country is developed which facilitates any user to selectively display, query, analyse, compose maps and graphs and print, spatial and aspatial information on glaciers relevant to respective interests. The HGIS architecture is based on Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards and utilises OpenGeo Suite bundled software comprising of Postgresql (PostGIS), Geoserver, GeoWebCache and GeoExplorer each of those having a different function (Anonymous 2010). The spatial and aspatial glacier data sets were stored in a pre-defined format (Sharma et al, 2008) and imbibed into spatially enabled database (PostGIS), having sophisticated functions for spatial data analysis and query. For publishing the data on web page OGC-compliant services are used. The HGIS information content comprise of a) glacier inventory maps and b) inventory data sheet. The map displays the glacier morphology features like accumulation zone and ablation (ice exposed and debris covered) zones, snout location, de-glaciated valleys, moraines and glacier lakes. The basin, sub-basin and administrative boundaries form the background. The inventory data sheet attributes for each glacier provides information on glacier Location, Identification, Dimension, Orientation, Elevation, Classification, etc. The spatial map and datasheet are linked by unique glacier identification number (galc_id) which is a key field present in all corresponding glacier related point, polygon or line layers. All the glacier attribute were made amenable to query and analysis by users. HGIS represents a significant step towards mapping and compiling individual glacier level inventory data in spatial form to fill the void in data and information on the status of Glaciers in the Himalaya and Trans-Himalayan Karakoram region. HGIS provides a basis for assessing the glacier inventory data which has applications in studies related to climate change, water resource planning, hydropower site selection and mitigation of glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) hazards.