bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and Distribution of Dry Root Rot of Chickpea Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. in Arid Region of Rajasthan
Authors: Partap Mahendra , Godara S.L.
Published: July 2021

Background: Dry root rot of chickpea caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is emerging as a serious threat to the chickpea production worldwide. The disease is gaining importance under the changing scenario of climate particularly in the rainfed ecologies of India and in arid and semi-arid region of Rajasthan. The current study was aimed to discusses current status of the disease and role of different factors in disease development to help in searching of possible management options for researchers to alleviate the problem. Methods: A roving survey was conducted to record the occurrence and distribution of dry root rot in ten major chickpea growing districts of Rajasthan during Rabi season 2014-15 and 2015-16. In each district, minimum three locations/villages were selected, in each location/village minimum three fields were selected and the incidence of disease was recorded after counting the diseased and healthy plants. Result: Overall range of disease incidence in all the districts vary from 5.75 to 12.51 per cent with an average of 9.15 per cent in Rajasthan. The maximum disease incidence 12.51 per cent was observed in Jaisalmer district while minimum in Ajmer district. The disease was found very common in sandy and sandy loam soil than any other types of soil. The deshi/local varieties were found to be more susceptible to infection of M. phaseolina as compared to improved varieties. Disease incidence was also observed higher in sprinkler system of irrigation as compared to flood method and rainfed conditions. The maximum disease incidence was observed in plants at flowering and podding stages in the months of February and March.
Discriminación algorítmica y derecho granular: nuevos retos para la igualdad en la era del big data
Authors: Mercader Uguina Jesús R.
Published: July 2021

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Empleo y desempleo de las víctimas de violencia de género: garantías y facilidades de acceso y mantenimiento del empleo en España
Authors: García Testal Elena
Published: July 2021

La violencia de género también tiene repercusiones en el empleo. El trabajo puede convertirse en un instrumento o recurso útil para las víctimas, a las que confiere independencia profesional, económica, personal y social. Pero la relación de trabajo de las víctimas se resiente como consecuencia de la violencia, de modo que si la voluntad es su protección integral deviene necesario atender los aspectos laborales de su prestación de servicios, en el caso de las víctimas empleadas. Pero también es ineludible atender a las víctimas en situación de desempleo, facilitar su inserción en el mercado de trabajo; un acceso al trabajo dificultado por los prejuicios y discriminaciones en la contratación de mujeres víctimas de violencia de género, labor en la que debe implicarse a empresas y administraciones públicas. La LO 1/2004, de 28 de diciembre, de protección integral contra la violencia de género (LOVG), que se planteó como objetivo completar la atención a las víctimas de la violencia de género, alcanza el ámbito laboral a través de distintas medidas de fomento, garantía de acceso y mantenimiento del empleo, medidas que pueden ser revisadas con vistas a su perfeccionamiento.
Comentario de la STS de 11 de diciembre de 2020 (Rº 416/2018, Sala de lo Social) ¿Una doctrina legal en vías de extinción?
Authors: Pérez Pérez Elena
Published: July 2021

La sentencia del Tribunal Supremo comentada analiza la problemática jurídico-laboral derivada de las operaciones de venta de empresas en situación de concur­so. La premisa central es que el legislador español ha optado por la aplicación de las garantías de la sucesión de empresa en supuestos de insolvencia empresarial. A partir de ello, se rechaza la extensión de los efectos de la resolución que dicta el juez mercantil y se aplica la responsabilidad solidaria derivada de contratos ya extinguidos. El análisis se realiza a través de las disposiciones legales de la Ley Concursal 22/2003, de 9 de julio.
Major Causes of Preventable Death in Trauma Patients
Authors: Park Youngeun , Lee Gil Jae , Lee Min A , Choi Kang Kook , Gwak Jihun , Hyun Sung Youl , Jeon Yang Bin , Yoon Yong-Cheol , Lee Jungnam , Yu Byungchul
Published: July 2021

Purpose Trauma is the top cause of death in people under 45 years of age. Deaths from severe trauma can have a negative economic impact due to the loss of people belonging to socio-economically active age groups. Therefore, efforts to reduce the mortality rate of trauma patients are essential. The purpose of this study was to investigate preventable mortality in trauma patients and to identify factors and healthcare-related challenges affecting mortality. Ultimately, these findings will help to improve the quality of trauma care. Methods We analyzed the deaths of 411 severe trauma patients who presented to Gachon University Gil Hospital regional trauma center in South Korea from January 2015 to December 2017, using an expert panel review. Results The preventable death rate of trauma patients treated at the Gachon University Gil Hospital regional trauma center was 8.0%. Of these, definitely preventable deaths comprised 0.5% and potentially preventable deaths 7.5%. The leading cause of death in trauma patients was traumatic brain injury. Treatment errors most commonly occurred in the intensive care unit (ICU). The most frequent management error was delayed treatment of bleeding. Conclusions Most errors in the treatment of trauma patients occurred in early stages of the treatment process and in the ICU. By identifying the main causes of preventable death and errors during the course of treatment, our research will help to reduce the preventable death rate. Appropriate trauma care systems and ongoing education are also needed to reduce preventable deaths from trauma.
HUBUNGAN LAMA PAPARAN TELEVISI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK HALUS BALITA
Authors: Lontoh Pingkan Fredelia , Suryawan Ahmad , Utami Sri
Published: July 2021

AbstrakLatar belakang: Televisi merupakan salah satu inovasi teknologi yang sering digunakan oleh setiap orang tidak terkecuali anak balita. Menghabiskan banyak waktu pada tayangan televisi membuat anak-anak kehilangan kesempatan untuk mengeksplor lingkungan dan bermain dengan teman-teman sebayanya sehingga berdampak pada kemampuan motorik anak. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara lama paparan televisi dengan perkembangan motorik halus anak usia 3-5 tahun. Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional pada balita usia 3-5 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kenjeran Surabaya dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Lama paparan televisi diukur menggunakan lembar pengumpul data sedangkan perkembangan motorik halus diukur menggunakan KPSP aspek motorik halus. Analisis data menggunakan chi square (p < 0,05). Hasil: sebanyak 108 balita yang ikut serta dalam penelitian. Anak yang menonton > 2 jam/ hari sebagian besar lulus perkembangan motorik halus. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara lama durasi paparan televisi dengan kemampuan motorik halus (p=0,042). Kesimpulan: menonton televisi yang tidak terkendali dapat membawa dampak buruk bagi perkembangan motorik halus, diperlukan peran orangtua dalam mengawasi dan membatasi paparan televisi pada anak. AbstractBackground: Television is one of the technological innovations that is often used by everyone is no exception for toddlers. Spending a lot of time on television shows makes children lose the opportunity to explore the environment and play with peers so as to impact the child's motor skills. Objectives: Know the relationship between prolonged television exposure with fine motor development of children aged 3-5 years. Method: Observational analytic research with cross sectional approach in toddlers aged 3-5 years in the working area of Kenjeran Surabaya by using purposive sampling. Prolonged television exposure was measured using a data collector sheet while smooth motorik developments were measured using KPSP fine motor aspects. Data analysis using Chi Square (P < 0.05). Results: As many as 108 toddlers participating in the study. Children watching > 2 hours/day mostly pass fine motor development. The chi-square test results indicate the relationship between the length of the duration of television exposure with fine motor capability (P = 0,042). Conclusion: An uncontrolled television watch can bring a bad impact to the smooth motorik developments, required parental role in supervising and restricting television exposure in children.
HUBUNGAN DISMENOREA PRIMER DENGAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR PADA SISWI SMAN 8 SURABAYA
Authors: Prastika Anggreini Wahyu , Sari Gadis Meinar , Hardianto Gatut
Published: July 2021

Abstrak Latar Belakang : Aktivitas belajar merupakan proses belajar, baik kegiatan fisik maupun psikis. Aktivitas belajar siswa dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Keluhan yang sering dirasakan oleh remaja putri yaitu nyeri saat menstruasi (dismenorea). Dismenorea adalah rasa nyeri perut bagian bawah yang menjalar ke kaki ataupun punggung yang timbul saat atau menjelang haid. Pada anak remaja usia sekolah, dismenorea dapat mengganggu aktivitas belajar sehari-hari. Saat seorang remaja putri mengalami dismenorea, hal tersebut dapat membuat mereka tidak masuk sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dismenorea primer dengan aktivitas belajar. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional di SMAN 8  Surabaya yang dilakukan bulan maret sampai juni 2019. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 58 siswi SMAN 8 Surabaya yang diambil dengan metode Purposive Sampling. Data dianalisa menggunakan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil : Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara dismenorea primer dengan aktivitas belajar pada siswi SMAN 8 Surabaya dengan (P 0,834). Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat hubungan antara dismenorea primer dengan aktivitas belajar.Abstract Background: Learning activities are a learning process both in physical and psychological activities. Student learning activities are influenced by several factors. Complaints that are often felt by female adolescents are menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea). Dysmenorrhea is a pain in the lower abdomen that spreads to the legs or back that arises during or before menstruation. In adolescents, dysmenorrhea can interfere with daily learning activities. When a female adolescents experiences dysmenorrhea, it can make them not attend school. This study aims to determine the relationship between primary dysmenorrhoea and learning activities. Method: This study was an observational analytic with cross sectional design at SMAN 8 Surabaya conducted in March to June 2019. The sample used were 58 female students of SMAN 8 Surabaya taken by purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis using the Chi Square test. Result : The results of the statistical test showed there is no significant relationship between primary dysmenorrhea and learning activities in female students of SMAN 8 Surabaya with (P 0.834).Conclusion : There is no relationship between primary dysmenorrhoea and learning activities.
Moscato Cerletti, a rediscovered aromatic cultivar with oenological potential in warm and dry areas
Authors: Sparacio Antonio , Mercati Francesco , Sciara Filippo , Pisciotta Antonino , Capraro Felice , Sparla Salvatore , Abbate Loredana , Mauceri Antonio , Planeta Diego , Corona Onofrio , Crespan Manna , Sunseri Francesco , Barbagallo Maria Gabriella
Published: July 2021

Baron Antonio Mendola was devoted to the study of grapevine, applying ampelography and dabbling in crosses between cultivars in order to select new ones, of which Moscato Cerletti, obtained in 1869, was the most interesting. Grillo, one of the most important white cultivars in Sicily, was ascertained to be an offspring of Catarratto Comune and Zibibbo, the same parents which Mendola claimed he used to obtain Moscato Cerletti. Thus the hypothesis of synonymy between Moscato Cerletti and Grillo or the same parentage for both sets of parents needs to be verified.In the present study, historical documents were consulted and genetic analyses and ampelographic, agronomic and qualitative characterisation carried out to determine the distinctiveness of each cultivars. These were also compared with Catarratto Comune and Zibibbo in order to establish the Moscato Cerletti pedigree. Due to their different SSR profiles, Grillo and Moscato Cerletti were confirmed as two distinct cultivars; they also differed in ripening times and sugar storage ability, as well as in the aromatic grape produced by Moscato Cerletti only. The trio genotype genetic analysis confirmed that Zibibbo is a parent of Moscato Cerletti (justifying the aromatic grape), whilst the SSR profiles did not show Catarratto Comune to be a second parent.Moscato Cerletti was found to have oenological potential in the production of sparkling muscat wines due to its ability to adapt to a changing climate in warm and dry environments and in different winegrowing regions.
Principles of Kabir Wealth Curve
Authors: Kabir Azad , Kabir Raeed
Published: July 2021

The authors developed a wealth curve that can predict a group of individual’s wealth based on the crossover interaction effect of the average intelligence quotient (one's ability to perform, comprehend and learn) and emotional intelligence (emotional awareness and emotional ability to express and handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathically).
An Extensible and Modular Design and Implementation of Monte Carlo Tree Search for the JVM
Authors: Liu Larkin , Luo Jun Tao
Published: July 2021

Flexible implementations of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), combined with domain specific knowledge and hybridization with other search algorithms, can be a very powerful for the solution of problems in complex planning. We introduce mctreesearch4j, a standard MCTS implementation written as a standard JVM library following key design principles of object oriented programming. We define key class abstractions allowing the MCTS library to flexibly adapt to any well defined Markov Decision Process or turn-based adversarial game. Furthermore, our library is designed to be modular and extensible, utilizing class inheritance and generic typing to standardize custom algorithm definitions. We demon- strate that the design of the MCTS implementation provides ease of adaptation for unique heuristics and customization across varying Markov Decision Process (MDP) domains. In addition, the implementation is reasonably performant and accurate for standard MDP’s. In addition, via the implementation of mctreesearch4j, the nuances of different types of MCTS algorithms are discussed.
Phase-Field Model for the Simulation of Brittle-Anisotropic and Ductile Crack Propagation in Composite Materials
Authors: Herrmann Christoph , Schneider Daniel , Schoof Ephraim , Schwab Felix , Nestler Britta
Published: July 2021

In this work, a small-strain phase-field model is presented, which is able to predict crack propagation in systems with anisotropic brittle and ductile constituents. To model the anisotropic brittle crack propagation, an anisotropic critical energy release rate is used. The brittle constituents behave linear-elastically, in a transversely isotropic manner. Ductile crack growth is realised by a special crack degradation function, depending on the accumulated plastic strain, which is calculated by following the J2-plasticity theory. The mechanical jump conditions are applied in solid-solid phase transition regions. The influence of the relevant model parameters on a crack, propagating through a planar brittle-ductile interface, and furthermore a crack developing in a domain with a single anisotropic brittle ellipsoid, embedded in a ductile matrix, is investigated. We demonstrate that important properties, concerning the mechanical behaviour of grey cast iron, such as the favoured growth of cracks along the graphite lamellae and the tension-compression load asymmetry of the stress-strain response, are covered by the model. The behaviour is analysed on basis of a simulation domain consisting of three differently oriented elliptical inclusions, embedded in a ductile matrix, which is subjected to tensile and compressive load. The used material parameters correspond to graphite lamellae and pearlite.
Graphene – Diamond Nanomaterials: A Status Quo Review
Authors: Vejpravová Jana
Published: July 2021

Carbon nanomaterials with a different character of the chemical bond – graphene (sp2) and nanodiamond (sp3) are the building bricks for a new class of all-carbon hybrid nanomaterials, where the two different carbon networks with the sp3 and sp2 hybridization coexist, interact and even transform into one another. The unique electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties of the two border nanoallotropes of carbon ensure the immense application potential and versatility of these all-carbon graphene – diamond nanomaterials. The review gives an overview of the current state of the art of graphene – diamond nanomaterials, including their composites, heterojunctions, and other hybrids for sensing, electronic, energy storage, and other applications. Also, the graphene-to-diamond and diamond-to-graphene transformations at the nanoscale, essential for innovative fabrication, and stability and chemical reactivity assessment are discussed based on extensive theoretical, computational, and experimental studies.
Rereading the Indonesian Interpretation of the Qur’an on Awliyā’: The Cases of Hamka and M. Quraish Shihab
Authors: Kholid Abd. , Bakar Abu , Muktafi Muktafi , Zamzami Mukhammad
Published: July 2021

There are some problems with interpreting the verses contained in the Koran to the understanding of the contemporary Islamic age, especially regarding the issue of non-Muslim leaders. The majority of Muslim scholars argue that their religion prohibits selecting a non-Muslim leader in a normal situation. Meanwhile, few of them allow such leaders in reasonable conditions based on the argument that the prohibition in the Qur’ān and the Sunna is no longer applicable in the present life. Therefore, this paper re-analyzed the meaning of awliyā’ from the interpretation of Hamka and M. Quraish Shihab with Jorge J.E. Gracia’s hermeneutics perspective. The result suggested that the prohibition to appoint a non-Muslim as the leader is applicable only in situations where such a person shows real hostility toward Islam and makes the religion their enemy. It also applies to Muslims that violate the commands of God and His messenger because the main requirements of being a leader are the ability to create justice and foster prosperity.
Adult Literacy Facilitators’ Job Satisfaction in Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Itasanmi Sunday , Akintolu Morakinyo , Oni Mathew T.
Published: July 2021

This study reported a survey conducted to assess the job satisfaction level among adult literacy facilitators in Nigeria and South Africa. The study adopted a quantitative approach and data was collected from eighty-six (86) adult literacy facilitators (Nigeria-50 and South Africa-36) randomly selected from Oyo State, Nigeria and King Cetshwayo District, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. A structured questionnaire validated by experts and pilot-tested among primary School teachers serves as the research instrument. Data collected from the study were analysed using frequency count, simple percentages, mean, multiple regression analysis and T-test. Results revealed that adult literacy facilitators' job satisfaction level in the two countries is on average. Provision of a positive working environment in terms of improvement in the infrastructural facilities in the literacy centre was ranked first amongst others as ways to improve the job satisfaction of literacy facilitators. There was, however, no statistical difference in job satisfaction among literacy facilitators in Nigeria and South Africa. Therefore, it was concluded that conscious effort must be made at mapping out strategies to improve literacy facilitators’ job satisfaction to enhance adult literacy delivery in the two countries.
Empoderamiento femenino y cultura urbana en las series Bravas y La Reina del Flow
Authors:   Universidad de Málaga, Monedero Morales Carmen del Rocío , Impelluso Cortés Pablo Manuel ,   Universidad Ana G Mendez
Published: July 2021

En los últimos años asistimos al auge de dos fenómenos independientes en el consumo cultural del público joven: el aumento del visionado de series de ficción y el éxito mundial de la música urbana en español, especialmente la producida en Latinoamérica. En este trabajo pretendemos estudiar ambas manifestaciones en su conjunto, desde una perspectiva de género necesaria para reivindicar el papel protagonístico de la mujer dentro de un estilo musical tachado de misógino y sexista. Las series de ficción, como el resto de productos culturales, son vehículos de proyección social en los que se produce la transmisión, entre otros aspectos, de roles de género. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar, de forma exploratoria, la representación de los personajes femeninos en las dos únicas series latinoamericanas sobre música urbana protagonizadas por mujeres, Bravas y La Reina del Flow. Para este cometido se ha optado por métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos consistentes en el análisis de contenido atendiendo a la representación estética, psicológica y social de sus personajes femeninos. Los resultados revelan la proyección de tópicos y estereotipos a la vez que se realza el rol de mujeres independientes y empoderadas dentro de un contexto geográfico tradicionalmente machista.
PRÓLOGO. Representaciones de España y Latinoamérica en producciones audiovisuales
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Eva Hernández Martínez Eva
Published: July 2021

Las representaciones que aparecen en las producciones audiovisuales de España y Latinoamérica constituyen el tema del presente monográfico. Nos proponemos identificar en él algunas de las imágenes que pueblan el universo imaginario en películas, series y otros formatos como el documental. Pero, ¿por qué dedicarse a buscar las representaciones que hacemos los hispanoparlantes de nosotros mismos? ¿Por qué escoger el audiovisual como objeto de análisis para esta tarea? En la realidad de las personas, para su relación con los otros, solo existe lo que encuentra representación. Es necesario aparecer ante la mirada de otros para que se produzca el reconocimiento y la diferencia, pero en tiempos de modernidad tardía y de relaciones desenclavadas (Giddens, 1997) las imágenes en los productos audiovisuales proveen –aunque no de manera excluyente– de cierto espacio de aparición, de recursos para elaborar el juicio y la opinión (Silverstone, 2010). Esto no quiere decir que lo otro, lo que no encuentra lugar en la representación, desaparezca de la subjetividad del individuo; nada más lejos, puede permanecer oculto e irrumpir de forma más o menos violenta en producciones artísticas y comunicativas. La representación es la manera por la que los seres humanos construimos un mundo en común, siempre cambiante, controversial, pero común. En las producciones audiovisuales, distintas percepciones de la realidad alcanzan expresión simbólica.
Análisis bibliométrico del Journal of Transport Geography (1993–2020)
Authors: Ródenas Serra Paula , Seguí-Pons Joana María , Ruiz Pérez Maurici
Published: July 2021

Fundada en 1993 por Richard Knowles, Journal of Transport Geography (JTRG) se ha convertido en una de las revistas científicas de mayor prestigio en geografía de los transportes a escala internacional. En este artículo, se realiza un análisis bibliométrico integral de los 27 años de existencia de la revista. Para ello, se recurre en primer lugar a la base de datos de Scopus para la obtención de datos bibliométricos. Seguidamente, se realiza un análisis estadístico con apoyo del software VOSviewer. Los resultados permiten evaluar el alcance global de la revista, los artículos más relevantes, así como los autores, países e instituciones más productivos. Las líneas de investigación más desarrolladas, en base al análisis de las palabras clave, muestran que el comportamiento del viaje, el transporte urbano, la accesibilidad y la planificación del transporte son temas prioritarios. Así, se observa cómo la geografía del transporte ha atravesado, en los últimos veinte años, un periodo especialmente prolífico y cómo ha logrado estrechar vínculos con otras disciplinas.
A Coupled Hydrate and Compositional Wellbore Simulator: Understanding Hydrate Inhibition from Associated Brines in Oil and Gas Production
Authors: Coelho Fernando M. C. , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Ezekoye Ofodike A.
Published: July 2021

Hydrates are ice-like solids composed of a water-based lattice “encaging” gas molecules. They form under conditions of high pressure and low temperature. In the oil and gas industry, where these conditions are easily met, hydrate formation may cause pipe blockages and severe financial implications, making its prevention (and remediation) one of the main flow-assurance concerns. Desired hydrate inhibition may come from electrolytes naturally dissolved in the water that is produced in conjunction with the hydrocarbon stream, or alcohols can be deliberately injected for such a purpose. When trying to predict hydrate conditions in real-world production systems, computer simulation should ideally integrate hydrate and multiphase-flow calculations. Failing to do so [by performing a decoupled analysis with a flow simulator and a separate pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) package for example] may generate misleading results under certain flow conditions. This paper presents an integrated wellbore simulator to deal with this issue. A hydrate model is added to verify hydrate formation for specific pressure, temperature, and composition of each gridblock. Integration with a geochemical package allows consideration of electrolyte inhibition coming from the associated brine. After successfully comparing results with the available simulators and the experimental data, it is demonstrated that when flowing gas/water ratios (GWRs) exceed 105 scf/STB, water condensation throughout the flow may dilute the beneficial effect arising from the brine composition, thus reducing electrolyte inhibition. Conversely, mineral precipitation along the flow path has shown a nearly negligible impact on this effect.
Probiotic feeding effect of Bacillus subtilis on broilers chicks’ microflora, TLRs and interleukin gene expression
Authors: Khan Salman , Yang Ru , wei Chunjie , Khalid Anam , Wang Zaigui
Published: July 2021

Background

The broiler chicks provide the major portion of daily food items. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on broiler chicken gut microflora diversity, digestive enzyme activity and expression of Toll-like receptors. A total of 240 crossbred broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 3 replicates. The groups were named as control group (basal diet), group Ⅰ (BD with 300 g/d BS,1.08×107 CFU/kg), group Ⅱ (BD with 600 g/d BS, 2.16×107 CFU/kg), and group Ⅲ (BD with 900 g/d BS, 3.24×107 CFU/kg). Samples were collected at the 21st day. The difference of α diversity and β diversity between control group and treatment groups were not significant, but the abundance of some microorganisms in the treatment groups were improved, and the core microorganisms were different between groups.
Results

In comparison of control group, the protease activity in ileum of experimental groups was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Protease activity in ileum of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was improved by 22.59% (p < 0.01) and 14.49% (p < 0.05). The amylase activity in ileum of treatment groups were also significantly increased (p < 0.05). Amylase activity of group Ⅱ was increased by 41.85% (p < 0.01) in comparison to control, group Ⅰ and Ⅲ. Expression of TLR1A and TLR7 in the jejunum and caecum of treatment groups were significantly up-regulated while their expression in ileum was decreased. Similarly, the expression of TLR1B gene was significantly improved in the ileum, and down regulated in the cecum. Transcription levels of TLR2A and MyD88 in jejunum, liver, spleen and kidney were significantly increased, but their expression was significantly lower in the ileum and cecum. The TLR2B, TLR3, TLR4, TLR15, TLR21, IL- β expression in spleen and kidney were also significantly modulated in various organ of broiler chicken.
Conclusion

Bacillus subtilis could not regulate the caecal microflora diversity, but improved amount of some gut probiotics such as lactobacillus, the digestive enzyme activity, regulate some immunogenic expressions and enhance the immune capacity of animal. We hope that the impact of this data will explore the diseases control and feeding quality of broiler chicks at industrial level.
A trial platform to assess approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: First sub-protocol for a pilot trial comparing the mRNA vaccines Comirnaty® and Covid-19 mRNA Vaccine Moderna®
Authors: Speich Benjamin , Chammartin Frédérique , Smith Daniel , Stoeckle Marcel P , Amico Patrizia , Eichenberger Anna L , Hasse Barbara , Schuurmans Macé , Mueller Thomas , Tamm Michael , Dickenmann Michael , Abela Irene A , Trkola Alexandra , Hirsch Hans H , Manuel Oriol , Cavassini Matthias , Hemkens Lars G , Briel Matthias , Müller Nicolas J , Rauch Andri , Günthard Huldrych F , Koller Michael T , Bucher Heiner C , Kusejko Katharina
Published: July 2021

• Background: Late 2019, a new highly contagious corona-virus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged in Wuhan, China, causing within two month a pandemic with the highest disease burden in elderly and people with pre-existing medical conditions. The pandemic has highlighted that new and more flexible clinical trial approaches, such as trial platforms, are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of interventions in a timely manner. The two existing Swiss cohorts of immunocompromised patients (i.e. Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) and Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS)) are an ideal foundation to set-up a trial platform in Switzerland leveraging routinely collected data. Within a newly founded trial platform we plan to assess the efficacy of the first two mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that reached market authorisation in Switzerland in the frame of a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) while at the same time assessing the functionality of the trial platform.• Methods: We will conduct a multicenter randomised controlled, open-label, 2-arm sub-study pilot trial of a platform trial nested into two Swiss cohorts. Patients included in the SHCS or the STCS will be eligible for randomization to either receiving the mRNA vaccine Comirnaty® (Pfizer / BioNTech) or the Covid-19 mRNA Vaccine Moderna®. The primary clinical outcome will be change in pan-lg antibody response (pan-Ig anti-S1-RBD; baseline vs. three months after first vaccination). The pilot study will also enable us to assess endpoints related to trial conduct feasibility (i.e. duration of RCT set-up; time of patient recruitment; patient consent rate; proportion of missing data). Assuming vaccine reactivity of 90% in both vaccine groups we power our trial, using a non-inferiority margin such that a 95% two-sided confidence interval excludes a difference in favour of the reference group of more than 10%. A sample size of 380 (190 in each treatment arm) is required for a statistical power of 90% and a type I error of 0.025. The study is funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (National Research Program NRP 78, ‘Covid-19’). • Discussion: This study will provide crucial information about the efficacy and safety of the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in HIV patients and organ transplant recipients. Furthermore, this project has the potential to pave the way for further platform trials in Switzerland.Trial registration: NCT04805125
Numerical Study of Plasmonic Effects of Ag Nanoparticles embedded in the Active Layer on performance polymer organic Solar Cells
Authors: Shabani Leila , mohammadi ahmad , Jalali Tahmineh
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the light absorption the active layer of polymer polymer solar cells (OPV) by using plasmonic nanocrystals with hexagonal lattice is investigated. To study the relation between the performance of the OPV solar cell and its active layer, a three-dimensional model for its morphology is utilized. Therefore, the three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain method and Lumirical software were used to measure the field distribution and light absorption in the active layer in terms of wavelength. OPV solar cells with bilayer and bulk heterojunction structured cells were designed using hexagonal lattice crystals with plasmonic nanoparticles, as well as, core-shell geometry to govern a design to optimize light trapping in the active layer. The parameters of shape, material, periodicity, size, the thickness of the active layer as a function of wavelength in OPV solar cells have been investigated. A very thin active layer and an ultra-thin shell were used to achieve the highest increase in optical absorption. The strong alternating electromagnetic field around the core-shell plasmonic nanoparticles resulting from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) suggested by the Ag plasmonic nanocrystals increased the intrinsic optical absorption in the active layer poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM). Based on the photovoltaic results the short circuit current ranged from 19.7 to 26.7 mA/cm2.PACs Number: 88.40.hj, 88.40.jj, 42.70.Qs
In-site Preparation and Characterization Catalytic- Composite Used for Plastic Waste Degradation to Fuel.
Authors: Abdelrahman Ameen , Hamouda Asmaa S. , Zaki A.H.
Published: July 2021

In order to get renewable energy from plastic waste, it should find a pathway or create a new composite that is thermally stable, non-toxic, environmentally inexpensive, and highly efficient. Thus, in our research, we work with composite materials that provide a hetero catalyst designed to crack Polyethylene high Density ( PEHD) , which is composed of Metals (Mn, Ag) in Nano scales , and Graphene impregnated inside the PEG matrix. In order to evaluate fabricated composite catalyst, to be applicable on conversion plastic polyethylene high density to gases yields and solid char carbon using pyrolysis and gasification reaction . the process were carried out inside the fixed bed reactor. Various characteristics have been conducted for final products (gases and black char), further spectroscopic analyses like Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV) , Cyclic voltammetry (CV) , Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD ), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were investigated for the new composite.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the evaluation of Vasculopathy in the Morning Glory Anomaly.
Authors: heller gordon
Published: July 2021

Morning Glory Anomaly is rare but its fundoscopic findings are well documented in the ophthalmologic literature. It is sporadic, without sexual predisposition and usually unilateral. Furthermore, it is associated with numerous central nervous system anomalies, including vasculopathy of the central nervous system. This case series reports four pediatric patients over a three year period in which ophthalmologic evaluation identified Morning Glory Anomaly. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) were subsequently obtained to assess for associated intracranial vascular anomalies. This report is of significance as it demonstrates the spectrum of intracranial vasculopathy in this rare entity.
Response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to elevated ozone stress
Authors: Ramya Ambikapathi , Dhevagi Periyasamy , Priyatharshini Sengottiyan , Saraswathi R , Avudainayagam S , Venkataramani S
Published: July 2021

The current study aimed to evaluate the cultivar specific variation in rice exposed to elevated ozone. Fifteen short duration rice cultivars were exposed to 50 ppb ozone for 30 days at reproductive stage. The physiological, biochemical, growth and yield traits of all test cultivars were significantly affected in response to elevated ozone. On average, ozone stress decreased tiller number by 22.52%, number of effective tillers by 30.43%, 1000 grain weight by 0.62 % and straw weight by 23.83% over control. Spikelet sterility increased by 19.26% and linear multiregression 3D model significantly fits the spikelet sterility and photosynthetic traits with the R 2 of 0.74 under elevated ozone. Principal Component Analysis with total variance of 57.5% by first two principle components categorized 15 rice cultivars into four major groups, ie., ozone sensitive (MDU6, TRY(R)2 and ASD16), moderately ozone sensitive (ASD18, ADT43 and MDU5), moderately ozone tolerant (ADT37, ADT(R)45, TPS5, Anna(R)4, PMK(R)3 and ADT(R)48) and ozone tolerant (CO51, CO47 and ADT36).
Factors Affecting Ultimate Tensile Strength and Impact Toughness of 3D Printed Parts Using Fractional Factorial Design
Authors: Mazen Amna , McClanahan Brendan , Weaver Jonathan M.
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to investigate the mechanical properties of spec- imens printed by 3D open-source printers. It discusses the effect of five fac- tors (part/print orientation, layer height, extrusion width, nozzle diameter, and filament temperature) on the ultimate tensile strength and the impact toughness of the 3D-printed samples. A 2 6-1 resolution V fractional factorial experiment was run with the 16 samples printed on a Prusa I3 MK3S in PLA. Tensile strength and impact toughness were tested using Instron 3367 and Tinius Olsen 66 testers, respectively. In analyzing the data, a normal proba- bility plot complimented with ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) revealed that only part/print orientation was statistically significant at p = 0.05. Regression equations were used to predict the ultimate tensile strength and the impact toughness as a function of the part/print orientation. Both the toughness re- sponse and the tensile strength response are maximized with horizontal part orientation. Verification experiments have been implemented to validate the adopted regression equations’ predictions under different circumstances and the results of those experiments appear to confirm the model.
Sex Differences in the Brain-Blood Barrier in Rats Exposed to Early life Stress and the Treatment with Antidepressants and Psychobiotic
Authors: Botelho Maria Eduarda M. , Carlessi Anelise S. , Manosso Luana M. , Borba Laura A. , de Moura Airam B. , Maciel Larissa R. , Andrade Natalia M. , Martinello Nicoly S. , Generoso Camille M. , Bencke Clara Vitória , Lodetti Bruna F. , Collodel Allan , Generoso Jaqueline S. , Barichello Tatiana , Quevedo João , Réus Gislaine Z.
Published: July 2021

Major depressive disorder is a debilitating mental disorder. Although the etiology is not fully understood, the impairment to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity may be involved. Maternal deprivation was performed in the first 10 postnatal days for 3h/day. Male and female rats were divided into control and maternal deprivation. Maternal deprivation animals were subdivided and received treatment with saline, escitalopram, ketamine, or probiotic. The integrity of BBB was evaluated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus at postnatal days 11, 21, 41, and 61. Maternal deprivation caused BBB breakdown in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in female and male rats in all ages evaluated, except in the prefrontal cortex of females at postnatal day 41. In females, escitalopram, ketamine, and probiotic reversed BBB breakdown in all ages evaluated, except probiotic at postnatal day 21 (prefrontal cortex), and ketamine at postnatal days 21 and 41 (hippocampus). In males, escitalopram, ketamine, and probiotic reversed BBB breakdown in the prefrontal cortex in all ages evaluated, except escitalopram at postnatal days 41 and 61. In the hippocampus of males, BBB damage was reversed by escitalopram at postnatal day 21 and ketamine at postnatal day 41. Treatment with escitalopram, ketamine, or probiotics can prevent changes in the BBB integrity, depending on the age and sex of the animal. Clinically it is important to evaluate different treatments depending on age and sex.
Electrical Resistivity Tomography And Induced Polarization Study For Groundwater Exploration In The Agricultural Development Areas of Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Azffri Lieyana , Gödeke Stefan Herwig , Ibrahim Mohammad Faizan
Published: July 2021

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Induced Polarization (IP) study was carried out for groundwater exploration at eight agricultural development areas in Brunei Darussalam. The study was undertaken to meet the growing demands of water supply in the Brunei agricultural sector, particularly for paddy field irrigation. A total of nineteen survey lines with survey lengths of up to 800 m and investigation depths of up to 150 m below ground level were conducted to delineate subsurface geological structures, formations and aquifer zones in the study area. Aquifer zones with resistivity values ranging from 1 to 100 ohm-m and chargeability values of less than 1 mV/V were detected in all surveyed locations. New groundwater well drilling was conducted at two of the surveyed sites based on interpretations of 2D resistivity and chargeability inversion models. Water well drilling encountered aquifer zones, which were primarily in sandy layers. Hydraulic tests revealed groundwater yields of 4.3 and 288 m³/day. Estimated transmissivity values of the aquifer units based on pumping tests are 0.53 and 109 m²/day, while their hydraulic conductivity values are 0.05 and 2.75 m/day. Estimated parameters of the aquifer units indicate weak to moderate groundwater yield for withdrawal and distribution for irrigation purposes at the investigated sites. The present study helped decision-makers take suitable measures for placing future irrigation wells and achieve significant groundwater exploration results in the study area.
ANN Modeling For Forecasting of VCR Engine Performance And Emission Parameters Fuelled With Green Diesel Extracted From Waste Biomass Resources
Authors: Manimaran Rajayokkiam , Mohanraj Thangavel , Venkatesan Moorthy
Published: July 2021

In this research work, the experimental tests were conducted on a single-cylinder, constant speed, variable compression ratio (VCR) engine fuelled with green diesel extracted from waste trichosanthes cucumerina seeds. The engine test blends are prepared with different trichosanthes cucumerina biodiesel (TCB) proportions of 30%, 50% and 70% in diesel fuel, and their thermo-physical properties were assessed as per the ASTM standards. At full load condition, the TCB30 blend operated at the CR 18:1 gives better engine performance and reduced emission levels of HC by 13.51%, CO by 10.82% and smoke opacity by 16.87%, equated with neat diesel fuel. With the support of experimental results, the performance (BTE, BSFC and EGT) and emission parameters (HC, CO, NOx, smoke opacity and CO2) are predicted using multiple regression artificial neural network (ANN) model. This trained ANN model results in an average correlation coefficient (R2) value is 0.9967, which is closer to 1. It indicates that the proposed ANN model can generate the exact correlation between input factors and output responses.
The Negative Factors Influencing the Career Intention of General Practice Trainees in Eastern China: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Tang Lei , Yang Huan , Mao Zhuxin , Li Quan , Li Shunping
Published: July 2021

Background: There is an acute shortage of general practitioners (GPs) in China, and most of those general practice trainees have low career intention. This study aimed to investigate negative factors influencing the career intention of GPs in eastern China from the perspective of trainees taking standardised residency training, as to identify the barriers for general practice trainees becoming registered GPs, and to provide a policy-making basis for GPs recruitment and retention.Methods: A qualitative design was carried out in two training bases of Jinan and Qingdao in eastern China. Face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted, audiotaped, and transcribed using thematic analysis.Results: twenty-one trainees participated in this study. Thematic analysis generated five major themes: (1) low social recognition, (2) low professional identity, (3) low remuneration level, (4) imperfect training system and (5) influence of policy factors. Conclusion: Our results identified various negative factors influencing the career intentions of trainees. In order to eliminate these factors and increase attractiveness of general practice, it is recommended that the government and the public should create a supportive environment, which can be beneficial to the construction and development of general practice.
Flexible and Energy-efficient Synaptic Transistor with Quasi-linear Weight Update Protocol by Inkjet Printing of Orientated Polar-electret/High-k Oxide Hybrid Dielectric
Authors: Li Yushan , Cai Wei , Tao Ruiqiang , Shuai Wentao , Rao Jingjing , Chang Cheng , Cheng Shengliang , Fan Zhen , Zhou Guofu , Lu Xubing , Ning Honglong , Minari Takeo , Liu Jun-Ming
Published: July 2021

Artificial synapse by inkjet printing is promising in cost-effective and flexible applications, but remains challenging in emulating synaptic dynamics with a sufficient number of stable and effective conductance states under ultra-low voltage spiking operation. Hence, for the first time, a synaptic transistor gated by inkjet-printed hybrid dielectric of electret polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and high-k Zirconia oxide (ZrOx) is proposed and thus synthesized to solve this issue. Quasi-linear potentiation/depression characteristics with large variation margin of conductance states are obtained through the coupling of these two dielectric components and the facilitating of dipole orientation, which can be attributed to the orderly arranged molecule chains induced by the carefully designed microfluidic flows in droplets. Crucial features of biological synapses including long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/D), spike-timing-dependence-plasticity (STDP) learning rule, “Learning-Experience” behavior, and ultralow energy consumption (< 10 fJ/pulse) are successfully implemented on the device. Simulation results exhibit an excellent image recognition accuracy (97.1 %) after 15 training epochs, which is the highest for printed synaptic transistors. Moreover, the device sustained excellent endurance against bending tests with radius down to 8 mm. This work presents a very viable solution for constructing the futuristic flexible and low-cost neural systems.
Observational constraints reduce estimates of the global mean climate relevance of black carbon
Authors: Myhre Gunnar , Samset Bjørn , Stjern Camilla Weum , Hodnebrog Øivind , Kramer Ryan , Smith Christopher , Forster Piers , Andrews Timothy , Boucher Olivier , Faluvegi G , Shindell Drew , Kirkevåg Alf , Iversen Trond , Olivie Dirk , Stier Philip , Watson-Parris Duncan
Published: July 2021

How emissions of black carbon (BC) aerosols affect the climate is still uncertain, due to incomplete knowledge of its sources, optical properties and atmospheric processes such as transport, removal and impact on clouds. Here we constrain simulations from four climate models with observations of atmospheric BC concentrations and absorption efficiency, and the most recent emission inventories, to show that the current global mean surface temperature change from anthropogenic BC emissions is likely to be weak at +0.03 ±0.02K. Atmospheric rapid adjustment processes are found to reduce the top of atmosphere radiative imbalance relative to instantaneous radiative forcing (direct aerosol effect) by almost 50% as a multi-model mean. Furthermore, constraining the models to reproduce observational estimates of the atmospheric vertical profile reduces BC effective radiative forcing to 0.08 W m-2, a value more than 50% lower than in unconstrained simulations. Our results imply a need to revisit commonly used climate metrics such as the global warming potential of BC. This value (for a 100-year time horizon) reduces from 680 when neglecting rapid adjustments and using an unconstrained BC profile to our best estimate of 160 ±120.