bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pour une définition du Buscón
Authors: Chevalier Maxime
Published: January 2011

Quevedo a réélaboré et perfectionné deux paradigmes définis dans les lettres du xvi« siècle : la caricature en apodos et le texte en équivoques. Le rôle que jouent ces éléments dans le Buscón et sa descendance invite à définir le livre par rapport à la littérature aguda du xvi« siècle plutôt que par rapport à Guzmán de Alfarache.
Literatura y economía en España. El ciego
Authors: Álvarez Barrientos J.
Published: January 2011

Le présent article constitue une tentative d'approche de plusieurs phénomènes de la littérature espagnole entre le XVIe et le XIXe siècle, en prenant l'aveugle comme fil conducteur. Après un rapide survol de l'organisation corporative des aveugles et de certains sujets en rapport avec eux, vient une étude de l'influence des facteurs économiques sur la pensée créatrice et on tente ensuite de déterminer l'incidence de certains phénomènes tels que le populisme et le ressentiment dans la création et le développement de la littérature populaire. Il est bien connu que tous deux influencent du point de vue social la création littéraire, mais notre intention est de montrer quand et comment apparaît cette interaction qui favorise par la suite la valorisation artistique d'un ouvrage selon des critères de caractère économique.
Ejemplo de declamatio en el Examen de maridos de Juan Ruiz de Alarcón
Authors: Cortijo Ocaña Antonio
Published: January 2011

On se propose d'analyser dans cette étude une scène de El examen de maridos de Juan Ruiz de Alarcón. La conception, l'articulation et la disposition correspondent au modèle des dedamaliones rhétoriques, de renonciation de la quaestio à la peroratio finale. On met ainsi en relief qu'il n'y a pas à cette époque de distance infranchissable entre la préceptive scolaire latine et la pratique littéraire espagnole, que la première influe d'une manière décisive sur la seconde, comme ont entrepris de le montrer M. Luisa López Grijera, Elena Artaza ou Riley entre autres.
Los jesuítas expulsos y la tragedia entre España e Italia
Authors: Sala Valldaura Josep Maria
Published: January 2011

Malgré l'estime accordée aux ouvrages de critique d' Andrés et d'Arteaga, c'est à peine si l'on a prêté attention aux tragédies écrites par les jésuites expulsés en 1767. En tout cas, leur rôle dans la diffusion de Métastase ou d'Alfiéri se trouve réduit à quelques considérations théoriques, et le théâtre italien ne sera totalement admis qu'assez tard. Cependant, Merope de Maffei avait été traduite dès 1753, et Antonio Bazo et Ramón de la Cruz ont introduit Métastase, Goldoni, Zeno... au cours des années suivantes. Dans ce panorama général, les traductions réalisées par les jésuites n'abondent pas, malgré leurs versions de Sophocle, Racine, et même Voltaire. Comme créateurs, et avant 1767, les principaux membres du Séminaire de Nobles de San Pablo de Valencia se font déjà remarquer (Eximeno, Lassala, Colomés) : la condition sociale des élèves favorisait l'utilisation didactique de la tragédie pour les concours littéraires. La Tragedia de Aman d'Antonio Eximeno date de 1 758, et le motif national d'Hermenegilda (un épisode de la Reconquête) de Juan Bautista Colomés est à signaler. Après l'expulsion, ils écrivent en italien, surtout Manuel Lassala, Colomés et Bernardo García, mais d'autres auteurs de langue castillane ont été oubliés : Eusebio Cañas, Zacagnini, etc. Entre l'Espagne et l'Italie, la pièce de Juan Climaco Salazar, Mardoqueo (Madrid, 1781), se distingue particulièrement, toujours dans la ligne de la tragédie, comme interprétation du présent ; de plus, la correspondance de cet auteur révèle ses soucis esthétiques, comme la défense de l'intonation caractéristique de la prose.
Los "Cuadernos de navegación" de Bryce Echenique, díptico picaresco
Authors: de la Fuente José Luis
Published: January 2011

El díptico Cuadernos de navegación en un sillon Voltaire de Alfredo Bryce Echenique, compuesto de La vida exagerada de Martín Romana y El hombre que hablaba de Octavia de Cádiz, se revela como un texto que el narrador-protagonista ha compuesto - desde su « atalaya humana » que es el sillón Voltaire y en sus momentos finales en Francia-con el objetivo de contar su vida para saber « qué ha pasado aquí » y lanzar una serie de diatribas contra ciertos grupos sociales que conoció en Perú y Europa. Los orígenes del picaro hispanoamericano contemporáneo y sus comportamientos - insertos en una narración itinerante en la que él progresa y se proyecta de un presente difuso hacia un pasado que se recrea -, la crítica social, la elaboración de los materiales sobre la oralidad, la digresión, la exageración, la parodia y la ironía, además de las estructuras y los motivos que se despliegan, prueban la conexión de estas novelas del escritor peruano con la picaresca clásica española.
De remétrica, en algunas comedias tempranas
Authors: Devoto Daniel
Published: January 2011

Testimonios de la temprana elocución teatral en verso, estos textos permiten postular el uso de ciertas libertades métricas (ampliación de compensación y de la sinalefa entre versos), y, en la rima, de un extraño prevalecer de la grafía sobre la fonética.
Cetros y Puñales. [Don Sancho Garcia y la filosofía del poder]
Authors: Albiac Blanco María-Dolores
Published: January 2011

Don Sancho García prône une philosophie du pouvoir éclairée où les devoirs et les droits des rois, ceux de leurs conseillers et ceux du peuple, coïncident avec les intérêts de l'absolutisme monarchique. Tout en soulignant l'égalité morale des hommes, le droit à la souveraineté nationale et le besoin d'une raison d'Etat éthique, cette pièce, écrite à la suite des émeutes de 1766, tient à renforcer le rôle de la couronne et à transmettre l'image d'une autorité royale juste paternelle, et, surtout, inviolable.
Les Français vus par les "tonadilleros" de la fin du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Andioc René
Published: January 2011

Comment on appréhendait le personnage des Français, généralement un colporteur, avec son castillan approximatif et partant source de comique. Réalisme et conventions. Comment d'autre part les « tonadilleros » reproduisaient à leur tour les paroles des chansons de chez nous et par quel canal elles leur parvenaient.
La formación de una biblioteca de libros prohibidos en la España isabelina. [Luis Usoz y Río, importador clandestino de libros protestantes (1841-1850)]
Authors: Bautista Vilar Juan
Published: January 2011

En el segundo tercio del siglo XIX don Luis Usoz y Río (1805-1865) formó la más importante biblioteca de autores heterodoxos que ha existido jamás en España : 11.357 volúmenes. Este fondo bibliográfico fue donado en 1873 por la viuda de Usoz a la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid, donde se conserva actualmente.

El presente artículo, elaborado a base de una documentación inédita, reconstruye, día a día, el proceso de formación de esa biblioteca y, al propio tiempo, ilumina un tema poco conocido : la importación clandestina de libros prohibidos en la España contemporánea.
La arboleda perdida : Rafael Alberti y los escritores franceses
Authors: Castaño Ruiz Juana
Published: January 2011

La arboleda perdida de Rafael Alberti nos presenta la vida personal del poeta, junto a sus vivencias públicas, en las que se relaciona con personajes de su época. Entre sus recuerdos hay que señalar la presencia constante de la cultura francesa, siendo muy importante la relación de Alberti con muchos escritores franceses. En La arboleda perdida la presencia de Francia y sus escritores no es anecdótica sino permanente. Ello no se debe únicamente al exilio francés de Rafael Alberti después de la guerra civil española sino a su contacto con la cultura del país vecino desde mucho antes.
Progression et fermeture des élites en Vieille Castille du XVIe au XVIIe siècle
Authors: Bennassar Bartolomé
Published: January 2011

In the history of Golden Century in Castile it is easy to observe an age of cultural growth, until the lôSO's, with the increase of registering in the universities and literacy. But, at the end of the XVIth century and beginning of the XVIIth, the decline is obvious. Also évident is the increase of censure and control of librarles.
Educación y humanidades clásicas en el Colegio Imperial de Madrid durante el siglo XVII
Authors: Bartolomé Martínez Bernabé
Published: January 2011

Cette étude est consacrée au Colegio Imperial de Madrid et aux écoles de grammaire latine au XVII* siècle. On y traite des maîtres, des élèves, de l'espace scolaire, du système des jésuites et des programmes pédagogiques. C'est là un chapitre important, sur une période séculaire (1600-1700), de l'histoire de l'éducation en Espagne, aux résonances profondes dans le domaine éducatif et social, particulièrement à Madrid.
Catedráticos juristas : formación y carrera
Authors: Peset Mariano
Published: January 2011

Les Juristes espagnols ont étudié le droit romain et le droit canon du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle. On analyse ici la matière et la méthode de ces études, jusqu'au moment où l'étudiant accédant à une chaire universitaire, aussi bien que le problème des colegiales mayores et leur domination de la bureaucratie royale.
El saber del escritor. Por una teoría de la cita
Authors: Bravo Federico
Published: January 2011

Partiendo del principio de que el saber « literario » del escritor está, del mismo modo que su saber « lingüístico », estructurado como un diagrama, el presente artículo explora el fenómeno intertextual bajo su doble vertiente, en tanto que mecanismo inducido (condicionado por el diagrama) y como mecanismo inductor (condicionador a su vez de la escritura). Un soneto de Quevedo, en que el autor, sondeando a la vez el saber del escritor y la escritura de ese saber, elabora una verdadera poética de la cita, ilustra la reflexión teórica.
El "Genius Natalis" en la oda IV de Fray Luis de León
Authors: Pérez-Abadín Barro Soledad
Published: January 2011

Uno de los aspectos más problemáticos de la oda IV de fray Luis, la escisión entre el alma y el cuerpo de la recién nacida a la que se dedica el poema, puede plantearse como reminiscencia del Genius protagonista del genethliacus clásico. Conforme al modelo canónico de la literatura natalicia, este numen protector del individuo es objeto de un culto que incluye invocaciones, ruegos y ofrendas propiciatorias. Con el Genius concurren otros elementos como la solicitud de auspicios favorables, el horóscopo o la optación final, que componen el marco genetlíaco de esta oda.
Correspondencia inédita del encuentro y amistad entre Azorín y Baroja
Authors: Dolores Dobón María
Published: January 2011

En este artículo se publican por primera vez con aparato crítico y completos dieciocho cartas de Pío Baroja y una de Ricardo Baroja a Azorín. Las cartas tratan de asuntos literarios y periodísticos de relevancia para la literatura de fin de siglo. Esta documentación que ofrecemos también parece variar la fecha del encuentro entre Pío Baroja y Martínez Ruiz, que no sería en 1900, como afirma el consenso de la crítica, sino en 1897, o a más tardar en 1898.
Compositio, puntuación y lectura del soneto 1 de Garcilaso
Authors: Azaustre Galiana Antonio
Published: January 2011

The starting point for this study is a rhetorical analysis of compositio (the syntax of style) in the tercets of the sonnet so as to suggest a reading of them and a punctuation in accordance with their underlying coherent argument. The syntax develops an argument whose resulting subordinates imply a close causal dependence between the end of line 11 (y aún sabrá querello) and the beginning of the last tercet (que, pues mi voluntad puede matarme). This helps to explain the rational architecture of the tercet, reminiscent of the cancionero' s poetry, and should also be present in the punctuation, in my opinion.
¿ Zenobia gobernante humanista o Zenobia domesticada ? La figura ejemplar de las "claras mujeres" gentiles en De institutione foeminae christianae de Vives
Authors: Carmendia Vincent
Published: January 2011

The exemplification through female rulers in De institutione, a text which theoretically supports the withdrawal of women from public life gives rise to interesting ambiguities. Vives exploits these in order to présent different truths, directed towards différent types of women-readers depending on how close they are to power. At the same time, figures of illustrious women who were active in public life such as Zenobia, uphold the moral concept of éducation, the relationship between virtue and érudition that articulâtes Vives' defence of the éducation of women. Vives' treatment of Zenobia expands her exemplary value to cover ail political life, not only the lives of women striving to lead chaste and secluded existences.
Horacio Quiroga critique
Authors: Boule Annie
Published: January 2011

Cette lettre inédite de H. Quiroga à M. Gálvez est une minutieuse critique du roman de ce dernier : La maestra normal. Elle confirme l'amicale franchise du conteur, et révèle l'attention qu'il accordait au style malgré les reproches qu'on lui fit souvent.
"Don Quijote", Madrid, 1604, en prensa
Authors: Rico Francisco
Published: January 2011

Main possible data concerning the editing procedure of El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha, in Autumn 1604 : the type setting according to formes, the number of type setters, the rhythm and timing of the typographical work, the sharing out of further tasks within the printing house, the number of copies printed (including the second Robles édition), the production costs and the earnings of the publisher.
Cervantès et Aristote
Authors: Chevalier Maxime
Published: January 2011

Théorie et pratique du roman cervantin : essai de clarification.
Le paradigme perdu : Camarada, compañero, ciudadano... (contribution à l'étude du vocabulaire politique espagnol)
Authors: Serrano Carlos
Published: January 2011

This paper studies the semantic évolution of ancient solidarity lexis and its modem political use.
Las razones del autor trágico: la dedicatoria de Guzmán el Bueno, de Nicolás Fernández de Moratín
Authors: Sala Valldaura Josep Maria
Published: January 2011

L'article propose, en annexe, une édition de l'épttre dédicatoire de la tragédie Guzmán el Bueno (1777) de Nicolás Fernández de Moratín ; il en souligne l'intérêt : l'épître développe une réflexion sur la théorie et la pratique de ce genre néo-classique.
Josep Palau i Fabre, la voz subversiva del alquimista
Authors: Ruiz Soriano Francisco
Published: January 2011

Poèmes de l'Alquimista (1952) is the main poetic work by the catalan poet and art essayist Josep Palau i Fabre, and one of the most significant poetic work of the modem catalan literature and european poetry. This article deals, not only with the themes but also with the influence of French surrealism and symbolism linked with the concept of alchemy and subversion. It also analyses the mark of existentialism and avant-gardism as well as the possibilities of free creation through the language.
Une énigme géomorphologique : les limons d'Isturits (Pyrénées-Atlantiques)
Authors: Viers Georges
Published: January 2011

RÉSUMÉ

Les blocs siliceux (calcédoine et quartz) des limons d'Isturits (Pyrénées- Atlantiques, France) sont des meulières. La silicification s'est opérée en milieu calcaire dans un poljé à inondation temporaire grâce à des apports de silice venus de l'Est (Grès de Mixe) et du Sud (gneiss d'Urzuia). Les limons datent du Quaternaire moyen (Mindel).
Le karst d'Italie Centrale
Authors: Raffy Jeannine
Published: January 2011

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die entwicklung des Karstes in Mittelitalien wurde durch die gemäszigl warmen und feuchien Paleo-Klimas, dit während des Pleisiozäns herrschten, begünstigt. Seine Entwicklung, die auf den beiden Hängen des Apennin verschieden ist, erktärt sich durch eine zeitlich wie räumlisch ungleiche Versteilung der normalen Verwerfungen und offenen Spätlen, die damit verbunden sind. Das Sickern des Wassers durch eine dünne Schicht verwillerter vulkanischer Aschen fördert die Auflösungs prozesse.
Problèmes hydrologiques et hydrochimiques du karst du Liban central
Authors: Hakim Bahzad
Published: January 2011

SUMMARY

The wealth of karst in central Lebanon has permitted the study of the perched aquifer (of the high cenomanien plateau of Kesrouane) in comparison to the Barred limestone aquifer (of the low and middle mountains) and the cretaceous aquifer of the littoral area that contributes of the alimentation of powerful submarine springs.

The study of the « ablation cycle » leads to the valuation of the dissolved contents of the meteoric waters, the streaming, percolated, infiltred waters, as well as of the subterranean rivers and the karstic springs. The chimical analyse of rain waters, as soon as they arrive on a karstic reception basin and stream on a distance of 100 meters, gives important results.
Cardiovascular Prevention of Cognitive Decline
Authors: Monsuez Jean-Jacques , Gesquière-Dando Aude , Rivera Sofia
Published: January 2011

Midlife cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipemia, and an unhealthy lifestyle, have been linked to subsequent incidence, delay of onset, and progression rate of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Conversely, optimal treatment of cardiovascular risk factors prevents and slows down age-related cognitive disorders. The impact of antihypertensive therapy on cognitive outcome in patients with hypertension was assessed in large trials which demonstrated a reduction in progression of MRI white matter hyperintensities, in cognitive decline and in incidence of dementia. Large-scale database correlated statin use and reduction in the incidence of dementia, mainly in patients with documented atherosclerosis, but clinical trials failed to reach similar conclusions. Whether a multitargeted intervention would substantially improve protection, quality of life, and reduce medical cost expenditures in patients with lower risk profile has not been ascertained. This would require appropriately designed trials targeting large populations and focusing on cognitive decline as a primary outcome endpoint.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium. Antimicrobial effects of muscle relaxants
Authors: Hanci Volkan , Cömert Fusun , Ayoğlu Hilal , Kulah Canan , Yurtlu Serhan , Turan Işıl Ozkoçak
Published: January 2011

Some anaesthetic agents may be contaminated with microorganisms during the process of preparing an infusion. For this reason, it is important to understand the antimicrobial effects of various anaesthetic agents, which have been investigated to some degree in previous studies. However, studies specifically focusing on antibacterial effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs (anaesthetic agents) are very rare. Herein, we analysed the antimicrobial effects of atracurium, rocuronium, and mivacurium, on four different microorganisms. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium were investigated using the broth microdilution method. The pH of the test solutions was determined using a pH meter. The test microorganisms included Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus fecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The pH of the test solutions ranged between 7.20 and 7.32. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium for S. auereus, E. fecalis, E. coli and P. Aeruginosa were all found to be 512 µg/mL. Atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium inhibit the growth of common intensive care unit pathogens at the same concentration (512 µg.mL–1). Thus, the neuromuscular blocking drugs, atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium should be administered at a minimum concentration of 512 µg/mL in intensive care units to achieve this antibacterial effect. In our opinion, when used systemically, atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium do not cause a systemic antibacterial effect. However, their antibacterial effects may be advantageous for inhibiting the spread of bacterial contamination during the preparation of the infusion solutions.
Antarctic krill as a source of dissolved organic carbon to the Antarctic ecosystem
Authors: Ruiz-Halpern Sergio , Duarte Carlos M. , Tovar-Sanchez Antonio , Pastor Marcos , Horstkotte Burkhard , Lasternas Sebastien , Agustí Susana
Published: January 2011

The role of krill as a source of dissolved organic matter in the Southern Ocean was tested through a series of experiments performed around the Antarctic Peninsula. These experiments revealed high but variable release rates of dissolved material (carbon and nutrients), supplying, on average, 150 mmol dissolved organic carbon (DOC) m−2 d−1, which is comparable with that supported by phytoplankton. Krill support, on average, 73% of the combined krill + phytoplankton production of DOC in the ecosystem, implying the importance of krill in conditioning the productivity of the Southern Ocean. However, the contribution of krill as a source of DOC varied greatly because of the patchy distribution of both krill and primary producers in the region, ranging from 98% to 10% of the combined (krill + phytoplankton) DOC release rates. These results suggest that rapid decline in krill standing stocks associated with reduced ice cover may have major consequences for microbial communities in the ecosystem, since bacterial carbon demand often exceeds the DOC supplied by phytoplankton in coastal areas of the Southern Ocean, with potential unforeseen consequences in the carbon balance of the Southern Ocean.
Nepal’s Democratic Deficit and Federalism Is it a cure or part of the problem?
Authors: Thapa Ganga Bahadur , Sharma Jan
Published: January 2011

Since the second democratic opening in 1990, Nepal has suffered from a democratic deficit due to the new leaders’ failure to institutionalise democracy by promoting inclusion, representation, and responsiveness. The concept of federalism, as argued in Nepal today, reflects the failure of the past and the determination to give local governance the real political and economic power. The fringe leftist and rightist parties oppose federalism, arguing that it will create deep divisions. Some of them even assume that the country may ultimately disappear altogether. In view of the widespread popular support, the challenge is to use federalism as an opportunity for prudently promoting inclusive, participatory, and responsive governance in the interest of economic prosperity and social well-being of the Nepali people.

KEYWORDS: • federalism • monarchy • decentralisation • democracy • transition • constituent assembly • Nepal
Case study of a mesospheric wall event over Ferraz station, Antarctica (62° S)
Authors: Bageston J. V. , Wrasse C. M. , Hibbins R. E. , Batista P. P. , Gobbi D. , Takahashi H. , Andrioli V. F. , Fechine J. , Denardini C. M.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. On 16–17 July 2007 during an observational campaign at Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station (62° S, 58° W), a mesospheric wall was observed with an airglow all-sky imager. The wave appeared like an extensive dark region in the all-sky airglow images, with a large depletion in the OH emission. Simultaneous mesospheric winds measured with a MF radar at Rothera station and temperature profiles from SABER instrument, on board of TIMED satellite, were used to obtain the propagation condition of the wave. Wind measurements during four days, around the time of observation of the wave, are presented in order to discuss the type and consistence of the duct in which this wave was propagating. By using wavelet analysis and tidal amplitude components we found that 12 and 8 h components were the most important periodicities around the time interval of the wave observation. A collocated imaging spectrometer, for mesospheric temperature measurements, has been operated simultaneously with the all-sky imager. Direct effects of the mesospheric front have been seen in the spectrometric measurements, showing an abrupt decrease in both OH intensity and rotational temperature when the wave front passes overhead. The main contribution of the present work is the investigation of the type of duct in which the wall event was propagating. We found evidences for a thermal duct structure to support the mesospheric wall propagation. This result was obtained by two types of analysis: (a) the tidal components analysis and winds filtering (harmonic analysis), and (b) comparison between the terms of the m2 dispersion relation.
Influence of the Amazon River on dissolved and intra-cellular metal concentrations in Trichodesmium colonies along the western boundary of the sub-tropical North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Tovar-Sanchez A. , Sañudo-Wilhelmy S. A.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Despite the ecological importance of Trichodesmium spp. for the global oceanic nitrogen budget, there is limited information on their trace metal composition in field samples. We report dissolved (<0.22 μm) metal concentrations measured in surface waters (Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, P, Pb and V) and in the total and the intracellular pool (Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, V) of Trichodesmium populations collected in the western subtropical North Atlantic Ocean (April–May 2003) within the influence of the Amazon River plume. Dissolved element distributions were strongly influenced by the River discharge, with concentrations of some elements varying directly (i.e. Cd, Mo and V) or inversely (Ag, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, P and Pb) with surface salinity. Intracellular metal values to phosphorous ratios (mol:mol) for Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni and V ranged from 9.0 × 10−6 for Cd to 4.4 × 10−2 for Fe. Although total metal composition was significantly correlated with the intracellular content in the Trichodesmium colonies for some elements (e.g., Co, Cu, V), metal pools in the phytoplankton did not co-vary with the dissolved metal concentrations, suggesting that water column measurements may not be good predictors of the intracellular metal concentrations. The impact of physical parameters and bioactive elements on biological processes such as nitrogen fixation, carbon drawdown and biomass production in Trichodesmium colonies was explored by using a principal component analysis test (PCA). The analysis indicated that the biological drawdown of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by Trichodesmium seems to be influenced by the internal content of Fe, Co, Cd, and Cu, while nitrogen fixation seems more influenced by mixed layer depth and dissolved Fe and Ni concentrations.
Entropy production of soil hydrological processes and its maximisation
Authors: Porada P. , Kleidon A. , Schymanski S. J.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Hydrological processes are irreversible and produce entropy. Hence, the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics is used here to describe them mathematically. This means flows of water are written as functions of gradients in the gravitational and chemical potential of water between two parts of the hydrological system. Such a framework facilitates a consistent thermodynamic representation of the hydrological processes in the model. Furthermore, it allows for the calculation of the entropy production associated with a flow of water, which is proportional to the product of gradient and flow. Thus, an entropy budget of the hydrological cycle at the land surface is quantified, illustrating the contribution of different processes to the overall entropy production. Moreover, the proposed Principle of Maximum Entropy Production (MEP) can be applied to the model. This means, unknown parameters can be determined by setting them to values which lead to a maximisation of the entropy production in the model. The model used in this study is parametrised according to MEP and evaluated by means of several observational datasets describing terrestrial fluxes of water and carbon. The model reproduces the data with good accuracy which is a promising result with regard to the application of MEP to hydrological processes at the land surface.
Seismo-electromagnetic phenomena in the western part of the Eurasia-Nubia plate boundary
Authors: Silva H. G. , Bezzeghoud M. , Rocha J. P. , Biagi P. F. , Tlemçani M. , Rosa R. N. , Salgueiro da Silva M. A. , Borges J. F. , Caldeira B. , Reis A. H. , Manso M.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. This paper presents a work that aims to monitor seismo-electromagnetic phenomena in the Western Part of the Eurasia-Nubia Plate Boundary. This region has a significant tectonic activity combined with relatively low electromagnetic noise levels, rendering high quality seismo-electromagnetic measurements possible. An overview of the seismicity of this region is presented and the research plan is discussed accordingly.
Sciatic Palsy after Total Hip Arthroplasty Associated with Vascular Graft Occlusion
Authors: Willis-Owen Charles A. , Nishiwaki Toru , Spriggins Anthony J.
Published: January 2011

Sciatic nerve palsy is a well-recognised complication of total hip arthroplasty, and causes include direct injury during surgery (crushing or electrocautery), compression or stretching of the nerve, thermal damage caused by leaked bone cement, trauma during dislocation or reduction of the hip, haematoma, traction caused by leg lengthening or inadvertent intraneural injection from nerve blocks. We describe what we believe to be a case of sciatic nerve ischemia due to intra-operative arterial occlusion, and we discuss the vascular anatomy which may have contributed.
Expression of CD44s and CD44v6 in Lung Cancer and Their Correlation with Prognostic Factors
Authors: Afify Alaa M. , Tate Stacey , Durbin-Johnson Blythe , Rocke David M. , Konia Thomas
Published: January 2011

Background

CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein receptor, plays a major role in tumor progression and metastasis. Objective: To evaluate the expression of CD44 standard (CD44s) and its variant 6 (CD44v6) in normal and neoplastic lung tissue and correlate it with prognostic factors in lung cancer.

Methods

The study included 52 non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) (21 squamous cell carcinomas and 31 adenocarcinomas), 15 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC) and 8 carcinoid tumors. Expression of CD44s and CD44v6 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with lung cancer prognostic factors.

Results

All squamous cell carcinomas expressed both CD44s and CD44v6. Adenocarcinomas expressed CD44s in 39% of cases and CD44v6 in 45%. Carcinoid tumors expressed only CD44s in 88% of cases. All SCLCS were negative for both CD44s and CD44v6. A restricted panel consisting of CD44s and CD44v6 will discriminate NSCLC from SCLC with a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 100%. In adenocarcinoma CD44s expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastases (p=0.007) while CD44v6 expression was more significantly associated with tumor size (p=0.0032).

Conclusions

CD44s and CD44v6 are expressed in certain types of lung cancer. In adenocarcinoma CD44s and CD44v6 expression is significantly correlated with lymph node metastases and tumor size.
Modeling of heat recovery from a steam‐gas mixture in a high‐temperature sorption process
Authors: Jeong Kwangkook , Sircar Shivaji , Caram Hugo S.
Published: January 2011

A high pressure condenser is considered to remove water vapor as well as recover heat from the desorbed steam—CO2 gas mixture in a novel sorption enhanced reaction process. It is possible to have water condensation at the gas side as well as water evaporation at the coolant water side because of large temperature difference between the hot and cold side. A model of heat and mass transfer and phase change was developed to understand the complex phenomena associated with the simultaneous condensation and evaporation taking place in the unit. A finite difference method was used to solve the boundary value problem. Additional insight was obtained by describing the operating lines and equilibrium condition in an enthalpy diagram. The model was used to explore the performance in terms of the heat recovery. The heat recovery was best at the beginning of the process when the superheated steam was generated. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
The Compromise Effect in Choosing for Others
Authors: Chang Chung‐Chau , Chuang Shih‐Chieh , Cheng Yin‐Hui , Huang Tien‐Ying
Published: January 2011

Most research into the compromise effect focuses on cognitive factors related to choosing for oneself. However, there are daily opportunities to make choices for others, from helping friends to buy merchandise to choosing souvenirs for relatives. Although it is a common practice, choosing for others is rarely discussed in the literature. Hence, this research is directed to determine whether (i) the compromise effect is greater for people choosing for others with whom one has a distant relationship compared to choosing for themselves, (ii) the decision maker's susceptibility to interpersonal relationships, accountability, and anticipated regret moderate the relationship between choosing for others versus choosing for themselves and the compromise effect, and (iii) the confidence of the decision maker mediates the relationship between deciding for others and the compromise effect. Five hypotheses are proposed and they are supported by the results from four experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Value of Task Conflict to Group Decisions
Authors: Boyle Peter J. , Hanlon Dennis , Russo J. Edward
Published: January 2011

We tested the ability of task conflict to improve the quality of decisions made by four‐person groups. In a choice between two entrepreneurial investments, conflict was created by endowing group members with a preference for either one investment or the other. Because the decision was subjective, decision quality was necessarily judged by a process criterion, the reduction in the biased evaluation of new information to support the leading alternative. Groups in which conflict was installed exhibited less bias than individuals, who themselves exhibited less bias than groups without such conflict. Regardless of whether conflict was installed, groups that reached an early consensus exhibited the greatest information bias, while groups that experienced sustained conflict exhibited the least. Before achieving consensus, information bias was not significantly different from zero, but then rose steadily after that agreement. This result identifies one specific mechanism by which conflict can improve the process of group decisions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein Folding and Metal Ions: Mechanisms, Biology and Disease. Edited by Cláudio M. Gomes and Pernilla Wittung‐Stafshede.
Authors: Horng Jia‐Cherng
Published: January 2011

CRC Press, Boca Raton 2010, XIV+294 pp., hardcover $ 149.95.—ISBN 978‐1‐4398‐0964‐8
Hydrodynamics of a Tapered Bubble Column
Authors: Bandyopadhyay A. , Biswas M. N.
Published: January 2011

The hydrodynamic behavior of a single‐stage tapered bubble column using an air‐water two‐phase system has been studied. The experimental results indicate that the holdup increases with increasing superficial gas velocity and bubble slip velocity, while it remains constant with increasing superficial liquid velocity. The gas flow rate has a subtle effect on pressure drop owing to the dynamic pressure recovery stemming from the increase in flow area in the axial direction. The results further suggest that the tapered bubble column shows higher holdup with lower energy dissipation than the conventional bubble columns under similar hydrodynamic conditions. The experimental values of the holdup are in excellent agreement with the well‐known Akita and Yoshida correlation available in the existing literature. Also, the performance of the tapered system has been shown to be much better than that of conventional columns under similar conditions in water/alkaline scrubbing of fly ash and SO2 either alone or in combination.
Lung cancer mortality risk among breast cancer patients treated with anti‐estrogens
Authors: Bouchardy Christine , Benhamou Simone , Schaffar Robin , Verkooijen Helena M. , Fioretta Gerald , Schubert Hyma , Vinh‐Hung Vincent , Soria Jean‐Charles , Vlastos Georges , Rapiti Elisabetta
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND:

The Women's Health Initiative randomized clinical trial reported that menopausal hormone therapy increases lung cancer mortality risk. If this is true, use of anti‐estrogens should be associated with decreased lung cancer mortality risk. The authors compared lung cancer incidence and mortality among breast cancer patients with and without anti‐estrogen therapy.

METHODS:

Our study included all 6655 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1980 and 2003 and registered at the Geneva Cancer Registry. Among these women, 46% (3066) received anti‐estrogens. All women were followed for occurrence and death from lung cancer until December 2007. The authors compared incidence and mortality rates among patients with and without anti‐estrogens with those expected in the general population by Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIRs) and Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs).

RESULTS:

After a total of 57,257 person‐years, 40 women developed lung cancer. SIRs for lung cancer were not significantly decreased among breast cancer patients with and without anti‐estrogens (0.63, 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.33‐1.10; and 1.12, 95% CI, 0.74‐1.62, respectively) while SMR was decreased among women with anti‐estrogens (0.13, 95% CI, 0.02‐0.47, P<.001) but not for women without anti‐estrogens (0.76, 95% CI, 0.43‐1.23).

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with expected outcomes in the general population, breast cancer patients receiving anti‐estrogen treatment for breast cancer had lower lung cancer mortality. This study further supports the hypothesis that estrogen therapy modifies lung cancer prognosis. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Usage of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents in cancer patients at an academic cancer center and experience with specific care management tools for anemia
Authors: Ferrajoli Alessandra , Buzdar Aman U. , DeJesus Yvette , Cheng Lee , Michaud Laura B. , Rodriguez Maria A.
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND:

In 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued regulatory alerts for use of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) in cancer patients with anemia after clinical trials and meta‐analysis data found that high ESA doses were associated with adverse outcomes in patients. In response to these findings, specific patient management tools for anemia (consisting in an algorithm and prescribing order set) were developed by a multidisciplinary team at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

METHODS:

A retrospective study consisted of 7117 patients aged 18 years and older with cancer malignancies who had received an ESA between January 2006 and December 2008 at MD Anderson. Changes in utilization of ESAs and packed red blood cells (PRBCs) were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The number of ESA doses dispensed each month decreased by 83% from January 2006 to December 2008 (P < .01), and the number of patients who received ESAs decreased by 80% (P < .01). The number of dispensed ESA doses for hemoglobin (Hb) levels ≥12 g/dL decreased significantly from 4% to 0% (P < .01), and the number for ≥10 g/dL decreased from 44% to 12% (P < .01). The PRBC transfusion rate remained stable in solid tumor patients (P > .05) but increased from 7% to 9% (P < .05) in patients with hematologic malignancies.

CONCLUSIONS:

The authors summarized their experience with use of ESAs in a tertiary oncology center. The implementation of their patient management tools for anemia might have facilitated the observed change at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The impact of symptom interference using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory‐Brain Tumor Module (MDASI‐BT) on prediction of recurrence in primary brain tumor patients
Authors: Armstrong Terri S. , Vera‐Bolanos Elizabeth , Gning Ibrahima , Acquaye Alvina , Gilbert Mark R. , Cleeland Charles , Mendoza Tito
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND:

Tumor grade, age, extent of resection, and performance status are established prognostic factors for survival in primary brain tumor (PBT) patients. Development of disease‐related symptoms is predictive of tumor recurrence in other cancers but has not been reported in the PBT population.

METHODS:

A cross‐sectional sample of 294 PBT patients participated. Progression was based on the radiologist report of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The relation of clinical variables (age, extent of resection, tumor grade, and Karnofsky performance status [KPS]) and MD Anderson Symptom Inventory‐Brain Tumor Module (MDASI‐BT) mean symptom and interference subscales with progression was examined using logistic regression.

RESULTS:

The study enrolled more men (60%, n = 175); median age was 46 years. The majority had less than a gross total resection (n = 186, 64%), and a good KPS (KPS ≥ 90) (N = 208). The majority had a grade 3 or 4 tumor (n = 199) and 24% of patients had recurrence. Tumor grade and activity‐related interference were significantly related to progression. Patients with tumor grade 4 were 2.4 times more likely to have recurrence (95% CI, 1.2‐5.; P < .015). Patients with significant (ratings of ≥5) activity‐related interference were 3.8 times more likely to have recurrence (95% CI, 2.14‐6.80; P < .001). Mean activity‐related score was 4.8 for those with progression on MRI and 2.2 for those with stable disease.

CONCLUSIONS:

Significant activity‐related interference and tumor grade were associated with recurrence but not KPS, age, or extent of resection. These results provide preliminary support for the use of symptom interference in assessment of disease status. Because the authors used a cross‐sectional sample, future studies evaluating change over time are needed. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Using breast cancer quality indicators in a vulnerable population
Authors: Chen Formosa , Puig Melissa , Yermilov Irina , Malin Jennifer , Schneider Eric C. , Epstein Arnold M. , Kahn Katherine L. , Ganz Patricia A. , Gibbons Melinda Maggard
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND:

Adherence to quality indicators may be especially important to disease‐specific outcomes for uninsured, vulnerable patients. The objective of this study was to measure adherence to National Initiative for Cancer Care Quality (NICCQ) breast cancer quality indicators in a public hospital and compare performance to published rates in a previously collected 5‐city cohort.

METHODS:

One hundred five consecutive, newly diagnosed, stage I‐III, breast cancer patients at a public hospital (from 2005 to 2007) were identified. Adherence rates to 31 quality indicators were measured by using medical record abstraction. Rates were calculated for individual indicators, aggregated domains, and components of care and were compared with the 5‐city cohort results by using a 2‐sided test of proportions.

RESULTS:

Overall adherence to the NICCQ indicators at the public hospital was 82%, versus 86% in the 5‐city cohort. Public hospital adherence was better in 3 domains and components (Management of Treatment Toxicity 95% vs 73%, Referrals 76% vs 15%, and Documentation of Key Clinical Factors 72% vs 64%, P < .05 for all), but it was lower in others (Testing 82% vs 96%, Adjuvant Therapy 76% vs 83%, Surgery 72% vs 86%, Surveillance 63% vs 94%, and Respect for Patient Preferences 52% vs 72%, P < .001 for all).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results showed that it is possible to deliver breast cancer care to vulnerable patients comparable in quality to the care received by the broader population. Further study should identify the factors that lead to variation in adherence across domains of quality. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
EchoBrush may be superior to standard EUS‐guided FNA in the evaluation of cystic lesions of the pancreas
Authors: Lozano Maria D. , Subtil Jose C. , Miravalles Tania Labiano , Echeveste Jose I. , Prieto Cesar , Betes Maite , Alvarez Cienfuegos F. Javier , Idoate Miguel A.
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND:

Cystic lesions of the pancreas are being detected with increasing frequency. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is one of the most precise methods of diagnosis but still has limited accuracy. A new, through‐the‐needle cytologic brush system (EchoBrush; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Ind) has been approved for use during EUS evaluation of cystic pancreatic lesions.

METHODS:

Data from 127 EUS‐FNAs of pancreatic cystic lesions were analyzed to compare the cytologic yield of EchoBrush with conventional EUS‐FNA. An attending cytopathologist was present on site to assess specimen adequacy in all the cases. Diagnostic yields of both procedures, as well as related adverse events, were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 15.0 version software (SPSS, Chicago, Ill).

RESULTS:

A total of 127 cystic lesions of the pancreas from 120 patients (42 men and 78 women, mean age of 62.17 ± 12.17 years) were included in the study. Mean size of lesions was 23.58 ± 21.69 mm. Adequacy of the samples and diagnostic yield were higher using EchoBrush. In 80 (63 %) cases, conventional EUS‐FNA was performed, whereas in 47 (37%), we used EchoBrush. Diagnostic material was obtained in 85.1% (40 of 47) of cases using EchoBrush and in 66.3% (53 of 80) with conventional EUS‐FNA. (P < .05). There were very few clinically relevant complications related to EUS‐FNA and EUS‐EchoBrush techniques.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study suggests that cytological specimens from pancreatic cystic lesions obtained using EchoBrush at the time of EUS are superior to conventional EUS‐FNA mainly because of the higher yield of epithelial cells. Larger studies are needed to compare both methods. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Reversible Aminal Formation: Controlling the Evaporation of Bioactive Volatiles by Dynamic Combinatorial/Covalent Chemistry (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 4/2011)
Authors: Buchs (née Levrand) Barbara , Godin Guillaume , Trachsel Alain , de Saint Laumer Jean‐Yves , Lehn Jean‐Marie , Herrmann Andreas
Published: January 2011

The cover picture shows how the evaporation of bioactive volatile compounds, such as benzaldehyde, can efficiently be slowed down to increase the length of time that the scent can be perceived. Bioactive volatiles serve in nature as signalling compounds for communication between species such as between a flower and a butterfly. Because of their pleasant smell to humans, the same compounds are used as flavours and fragrances in our everyday life. Dynamic mixtures obtained by reversible reaction of diamines with volatile aldehydes to form aminals were identified as an efficient way to prolong the perception of bioactive aldehydes in functional perfumery. In their article on p. 681 ff, A. Herrmann et al. show that the “butterfly‐shaped“ aminal of N,N′‐dibenzylcyclohexyl‐1,2‐diamine and benzaldehyde is highly effective in controlling the release of a mixture of volatile aldehydes and ketones.