bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abortion Stigma Among Low‐Income Women Obtaining Abortions in Western Pennsylvania: A Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Gelman Amanda , Rosenfeld Elian A. , Nikolajski Cara , Freedman Lori R. , Steinberg Julia R. , Borrero Sonya
Published: December 2016

CONTEXT

Abortion stigma may cause psychological distress in women who are considering having an abortion or have had one. This phenomenon has been relatively underexplored in low‐income women, who may already be at an increased risk for poor abortion‐related outcomes because of difficulties accessing timely and safe abortion services.

METHODS

A qualitative study conducted between 2010 and 2013 used semistructured interviews to explore pregnancy intentions among low‐income women recruited from six reproductive health clinics in Western Pennsylvania. Transcripts from interviews with 19 participants who were planning to terminate a pregnancy or had had an abortion in the last two weeks were examined through content analysis to identify the range of attitudes they encountered that could contribute to or reflect abortion stigma, the sources of these attitudes and women's responses to them.

RESULTS

Women commonly reported that partners, family members and they themselves held antiabortion attitudes. Such attitudes communicated that abortion is morally reprehensible, a rejection of motherhood, rare and thus potentially deviant, detrimental to future fertility and an irresponsible choice. Women reacted to external and internal negative attitudes by distinguishing themselves from other women who obtain abortions, experiencing negative emotions, and concealing or delaying their abortions.

CONCLUSIONS

Women's reactions to antiabortion attitudes may perpetuate abortion stigma. Further research is needed to inform interventions to address abortion stigma and improve women's abortion experiences.
Improving the wood-cement interface by LbL nano-coating
Authors: BEJÓ László , MAJOR Balázs , CSÓKA Levente
Published: December 2016

A cementkötésű kompozitok a szerves kötőanyaggal készült termékeknél kevésbé éghetőek, és alacsonyabb az önsúlyuk, mint a hagyományos építőanyagoké (pl. vasbeton). Ennek ellenére, alacsony szilárdságuk miatt nem alkalmasak
szerkezeti teherviselő építőelemek gyártására. A rétegenkénti (LbL: Layer-by-Layer) nanobevonat képzés segítségével a fa és a cement közötti kapcsolat jelentősen javítható.

Az ismertetésre kerülő kutatás a nyár fafurnér
és a cement kapcsolatának javítását célozta Poli(Diallil-dimetil-ammonium klorid) (PDDA), Poli(Allilamin-hidroklorid) (PAH), illetve Poli(Nátrium 4-sztirénszulfonát) bevonatok segítségével. A különbségi spektroszkópiás vizsgálatok alapján a PDDA-PSS
bevonat tökéletesen adszorbeálódott a felületen, egyre egyenletesebb rétegeket képezve, míg a PAH-PSS bevonat szintén jól megtapadt, azonban a rétegek kialakulása kevésbé volt egyenletes. Mindkét bevonatkombináció drámai módon javította a cement és a
faanyag közötti kapcsolatot. A PDDA-PSS bevonattal a kihúzási ellenállás több mint tízszeresére, a PAH-PSS-sel pedig közel tízszeresére nőtt. A PDDA-PSS bevonat tíz réteg után, a PAH-PSS öt réteg után nem hozott további javulást. További vizsgálatok
szükségesek annak megállapítására, hogy alkalmasak-e a nanobevonatok teherviselő cementkötésű kompozit gerendák készítésére.
Laser based optical nondestructive method for evaluating spruce timber strength
Authors: SZALAI László , PÖDÖR Zoltán
Published: December 2016

Manapság a fűrészáru gyors és pontos szilárdsági osztályozása egyre fontosabbá válik. A tradicionális vizuális minősítő eljárások nem adnak elég pontos eredményt, és függnek az emberi tényezőtől, a faanyagok roncsolásos
vizsgálata pedig nem alkalmazható minden fűrészárun. Fejlesztettünk egy komplett eljárást, amely képes meghatározni a fenyő fűrészáru hajlítószilárdságát roncsolásmentes úton. A He-Ne lézer alapú eszköz képes előtolás közben pásztázni a fűrészáru
felszínét kamerákkal, és az adatokat egy számítógépnek küldeni. A fa felszínére lézerpontok vannak rávetítve. A számítógépes szoftver meghatározza a göcs, korhadás elhelyezkedéseket, illetve szálkifutás anomáliákat a lézerpont alakjának változása
alapján. A fűrészáru végleges hajlítószilárdsága statisztikai módszerekkel elemzett vektorhalmazból becsülhető meg. A metódus valós idejű eredményt ad. Nagy előnye ennek az eljárásnak, hogy az eredmény nem függ a fafelszín színváltozásaitól, mert a
színváltozás legtöbb esetben rossz eredményt ad a szín alapú optikai elemzőrendszereknél. A fűrészáru mindkét oldali elemzése még pontosabb 3D-s göcs elhelyezkedést és méretbecslést eredményez a fűrészárun belül.
Sovereign Debt Restructuring, Refinancing and the Financial Market
Authors: Biondi Yuri
Published: December 2016

Lienau’s book on ‘Rethinking Sovereign Debt’ delves into international finance to shed light on its background rules, overarching ideologies and interacting actors, disentangling the social norm of sovereign debt continuity and its institutional foundations. What a formalistic legal reasoning would interpret as a self-contained bilateral contract is then situated in historical time and social space populated by a variety of actors (debtors and creditors), co-existing legal regimes and evolving principles of reference. Her focus on odious debt highlights situations where debt continuity is challenged by major events in the sovereign borrower status (such as major political regime change, corruption and human rights abuse) which challenge debt legitimacy. This comment expands on her thoughtful analysis by linking debt continuity to the borrowing sovereign entity as a going concern. Sovereign borrowing makes lenders involved with this ongoing entity through time and circumstances. Ongoing sovereign debt management is featured by both debt securities market trading and the refinancing mechanism. In turn, refinancing involves public finances with their public benefit missions, central banking and the monetary base management. In this context, socially responsible lending and borrowing may be facilitated by acknowledging the bonding relationship between the borrowing sovereign entity and its creditors, including when default occurs.
Design of a right ventricular mock circulation loop as a test bench for right ventricular assist devices
Authors: Mueller Indra , Jansen-Park So-Hyun , Neidlin Michael , Steinseifer Ulrich , Abel Dirk , Autschbach Rüdiger , Rossaint Rolf , Schmitz-Rode Thomas , Sonntag Simon Johannes
Published: December 2016

Right heart failure (RHF), e.g. due to pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a serious health issue with growing occurrence and high mortality rate. Limited efficacy of medication in advanced stages of the disease constitutes the need for mechanical circulatory support of the right ventricle (RV). An essential contribution to the process of developing right ventricular assist devices (RVADs) is the
Effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on selected biochemical serum components
Authors: Gislefoss Randi E. , Lauritzen Marianne , Langseth Hilde , Mørkrid Lars
Published: December 2016

Background:

To maintain the best performance a frozen serum sample should be thawed once to prevent repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Archival biobanks often have one tube of a sample available, causing repeated freeze-thaw cycles when the sample is used in multiple research projects. In this study, we investigated potential effects of freeze-thaw cycles on several biochemical components in serum.

Methods:

Serum from 40 fasting donors of both genders, aged 30–60 years, were frozen at –25 °C. Aliquots of the 40 different samples went through 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 thaws, respectively. They were analyzed after 3 month of storage for 15 serum components including electrolytes and metabolites, proteins and enzymes, lipids, hormones and vitamins. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurements and equivalence tests were used to examine differences in component levels.

Results:

Albumin, aspartate-aminotransferase (ASAT), cholesterol, creatinine, C-reactive protein, glucose, immunoglobulin G, potassium, testosterone, triglycerides, urea and vitamin B12 levels did not show significant difference for pairwise comparisons after 10 repeated thaws. Although albumin, ASAT, bilirubin, potassium, sodium, testosterone and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) showed overall statistically significant changes in serum levels, only bilirubin, sodium and TSH were significant for the pairwise comparisons investigated. Clinical significance were shown for albumin, ASAT, bilirubin, sodium and testosterone.

Conclusions:

Twelve components (albumin, ASAT, cholesterol, creatinine, C-reactive protein, glucose, immunoglobulin G, potassium, testosterone, triglycerides, urea and vitamin B12) were robust to 10 repeated thaws compared to baseline level. Three components (bilirubin, sodium and TSH) showed statistical significant difference for pairwise comparisons, however, TSH was not clinically affected.
Definition of insulin resistance affects prevalence rate in pediatric patients: a systematic review and call for consensus
Authors: van der Aa Marloes P. , Knibbe Catherijne A.J. , Boer Anthonius de , van der Vorst Marja M.J.
Published: December 2016

Background:

As a result of the rising prevalence of childhood obesity, there is an increasing interest in the type 2 diabetes mellitus precursor insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study is to review definitions (methods and cutoff values) to define IR in children and to apply these definitions to a previously described obese pediatric population.

Methods:

A systematic literature review on prevalence and/or incidence rates in children was performed. The extracted definitions were applied to an obese pediatric population.

Results:

In the 103 identified articles, 146 IR definitions were reported based on 14 different methods. Fasted definitions were used 137 times, whereas oral/intravenous glucose tolerance test-derived methods were used nine times. The homeostasis model for the assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasted plasma insulin (FPI) were the most frequently used fasted methods (83 and 37 times, respectively). A wide range in cutoff values to define IR was observed, resulting in prevalence rates in the predefined obese pediatric population between 5.5% (FPI>30 mU/L) and 72.3% (insulin sensitivity index

Conclusions:

To compare IR incidence and prevalence rates in pediatric populations, a uniform definition of IR should be defined.
The Martyrdom of Yūḥannā, Physician of Ibn Abī ’l-Ḥusayn Ruler of the Island of Sicily. Editio Princeps and Historical Commentary
Authors: Mandalà Giuseppe
Published: December 2016

The martyrdom of Yūḥannā, physician of Ibn Abī ’l-Ḥusayn ruler of the island of Sicily, is a text which is edited, analyzed and commented on here for the first time. Yūḥannā, after having refused to convert to Islam, is implicated in a trial for having blasphemed against the prophet Muḥammad, which is a crime punishable by death. At the end of his trial, Yūḥannā offers himself up as a voluntary martyr. Aside from the story itself, the aim of the present study is to establish the context in which the story was produced and disseminated. Yūḥannā’s account is an explicit call to resist the Islamization of the Melkite community (i. e. apostasy from Christianity and conversion to Islam), and to find examples of resistance beyond Fāṭimid Egypt or Syria-Palestine, in a land situated at the outer limits of the empire: Kalbid Sicily.
Crystal structure of tetrakis(μ2-acetato-κ2
O:O′)-bis[μ3-4-chloro-2,6-bis((methylimino)methyl)phenolato-κ2
N,O:O,N′]-(μ4-oxido)tetracopper(II), C28H32Cl2Cu4N4O11
Authors: Ma Ling , An Daoli , Lu Liping
Published: December 2016

C28H32Cl2Cu4N4O11, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 9.115(3) Å, b = 12.769(4) Å, c = 14.870(5) Å, α = 93.796(5)°, β = 93.548(5)°, γ = 91.917(5)°, V = 1722.2(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0303, ω
Rref(F2) = 0.082, T = 298 K.
On the autocorrelation method of external parameter depending data-sets
Authors: Robben Lars
Published: December 2016

The autocorrelation method, proposed at first by [E. K. K. H. Salje, M. I. A. Carpenter, T. H. Malcherek, T. Boffa Ballaran, Eur. J. Min.
2000, 12, 503.] for the evaluation of FTIR data, is an efficient method the evaluation of data depending on external parameters like temperature, pressure, chemical composition etc. In this study a new single parameter value λ′(ω′) is proposed which is computational more efficient with a higher reproducibility than the Δcorr parameter proposed earlier. The method is additionally transferred from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to X-ray diffraction data. It is shown that the autocorrelation method has some beneficial properties compared to the often used Pearson’s r-value.
C-Terminal Region Truncation of RELN Disrupts an Interaction with VLDLR, Causing Abnormal Development of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus
Authors: Ha Seungshin , Tripathi Prem P. , Mihalas Anca B. , Hevner Robert F. , Beier David R.
Published: December 2016

We discovered a hypomorphicreelin(Reln) mutant with abnormal cortical lamination and no cerebellar hypoplasia. This mutant,RelnCTRdel, carries a chemically induced splice-site mutation that truncates the C-terminal region (CTR) domain of RELN protein and displays remarkably distinct phenotypes fromreeler. The mutant does not have an inverted cortex, but cortical neurons overmigrate and invade the marginal zone, which are characteristics similar to a phenotype seen in the cerebral cortex ofVldlrnullmice. The dentate gyrus shows a novel phenotype: the infrapyramidal blade is absent, while the suprapyramidal blade is present and laminated. Genetic epistasis analysis showed thatRelnCTRdel/Apoer2nulldouble homozygotes have phenotypes akin to those ofreelermutants, whileRelnCTRdel/Vldlrnullmice do not. Given that the receptor double knock-out mice resemblereelermutants, we infer thatRelnCTRdel/Apoer2nulldouble homozygotes have both receptor pathways disrupted. This suggests that CTR-truncation disrupts an interaction with VLDLR (very low-density lipoprotein receptor), while the APOER2 signaling pathway remains active, which accounts for the hypomorphic phenotype inRelnCTRdelmice. A RELN-binding assay confirms that CTR truncation significantly decreases RELN binding to VLDLR, but not to APOER2. Together, thein vitroandin vivoresults demonstrate that the CTR domain confers receptor-binding specificity of RELN.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTReelin signaling is important for brain development and is associated with human type II lissencephaly.Relnmutations in mice and humans are usually associated with cerebellar hypoplasia. A newRelnmutant with a truncation of the C-terminal region (CTR) domain shows thatRelnmutation can cause abnormal phenotypes in the cortex and hippocampus without cerebellar hypoplasia. Genetic analysis suggested that CTR truncation disrupts an interaction with the RELN receptor VLDLR (very low-density lipoprotein receptor); this was confirmed by a RELN-binding assay. This result provides a mechanistic explanation for the hypomorphic phenotype of the CTR-deletion mutant, and further suggests thatRelnmutations may cause more subtle forms of human brain malformation than classic lissencephalies.
Genetic and Pharmacologic Manipulation of TLR4 Has Minimal Impact on Ethanol Consumption in Rodents
Authors: Harris R. Adron , Bajo Michal , Bell Richard L. , Blednov Yuri A. , Varodayan Florence P. , Truitt Jay M. , de Guglielmo Giordano , Lasek Amy W. , Logrip Marian L. , Vendruscolo Leandro F. , Roberts Amanda J. , Roberts Edward , George Olivier , Mayfield Jody , Billiar Timothy R. , Hackam David J. , Mayfield R. Dayne , Koob George F. , Roberto Marisa , Homanics Gregg E.
Published: December 2016

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a critical component of innate immune signaling and has been implicated in alcohol responses in preclinical and clinical models. Members of the Integrative Neuroscience Initiative on Alcoholism (INIA-Neuroimmune) consortium tested the hypothesis that TLR4 mediates excessive ethanol drinking using the following models: (1)Tlr4knock-out (KO) rats, (2) selective knockdown ofTlr4mRNA in mouse nucleus accumbens (NAc), and (3) injection of the TLR4 antagonist (+)-naloxone in mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) decreased food/water intake and body weight in ethanol-naive and ethanol-trained wild-type (WT), but notTlr4KO rats. There were no consistent genotypic differences in two-bottle choice chronic ethanol intake or operant self-administration in rats before or after dependence. In mice, (+)-naloxone did not decrease drinking-in-the-dark and only modestly inhibited dependence-driven consumption at the highest dose.Tlr4knockdown in mouse NAc did not decrease drinking in the two-bottle choice continuous or intermittent access tests. However, the latency to ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex increased and the duration decreased in KO versus WT rats. In rat central amygdala neurons, deletion ofTlr4altered GABAAreceptor function, but not GABA release. Although there were no genotype differences in acute ethanol effects before or after chronic intermittent ethanol exposure, genotype differences were observed after LPS exposure. Using different species and sexes, different methods to inhibit TLR4 signaling, and different ethanol consumption tests, our comprehensive studies indicate that TLR4 may play a role in ethanol-induced sedation and GABAAreceptor function, but does not regulate excessive drinking directly and would not be an effective therapeutic target.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTToll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key mediator of innate immune signaling and has been implicated in alcohol responses in animal models and human alcoholics. Members of the Integrative Neuroscience Initiative on Alcoholism (INIA-Neuroimmune) consortium participated in the first comprehensive study across multiple laboratories to test the hypothesis that TLR4 regulates excessive alcohol consumption in different species and different models of chronic, dependence-driven, and binge-like drinking. Although TLR4 was not a critical determinant of excessive drinking, it was important in the acute sedative effects of alcohol. Current research efforts are directed at determining which neuroimmune pathways mediate excessive alcohol drinking and these findings will help to prioritize relevant pathways and potential therapeutic targets.
Contributions of the Ventral Striatum to Conscious Perception: An Intracranial EEG Study of the Attentional Blink
Authors: Slagter Heleen A. , Mazaheri Ali , Reteig Leon C. , Smolders Ruud , Figee Martijn , Mantione Mariska , Schuurman P. Richard , Denys Damiaan
Published: December 2016

The brain is limited in its capacity to consciously process information, necessitating gating of information. While conscious perception is robustly associated with sustained, recurrent interactions between widespread cortical regions, subcortical regions, including the striatum, influence cortical activity. Here, we examined whether the ventral striatum, given its ability to modulate cortical information flow, contributes to conscious perception. Using intracranial EEG, we recorded ventral striatum activity while 7 patients performed an attentional blink task in which they had to detect two targets (T1 and T2) in a stream of distractors. Typically, when T2 follows T1 within 100–500 ms, it is often not perceived (i.e., the attentional blink). We found that conscious T2 perception was influenced and signaled by ventral striatal activity. Specifically, the failure to perceive T2 was foreshadowed by a T1-induced increase in α and low β oscillatory activity as early as 80 ms after T1, indicating that the attentional blink to T2 may be due to very early T1-driven attentional capture. Moreover, only consciously perceived targets were associated with an increase in θ activity between 200 and 400 ms. These unique findings shed new light on the mechanisms that give rise to the attentional blink by revealing that conscious target perception may be determined by T1 processing at a much earlier processing stage than traditionally believed. More generally, they indicate that ventral striatum activity may contribute to conscious perception, presumably by gating cortical information flow.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhat determines whether we become aware of a piece of information or not? Conscious access has been robustly associated with activity within a distributed network of cortical regions. Using intracranial electrophysiological recordings during an attentional blink task, we tested the idea that the ventral striatum, because of its ability to modulate cortical information flow, may contribute to conscious perception. We find that conscious perception is influenced and signaled by ventral striatal activity. Short-latency (80–140 ms) striatal responses to a first target determined conscious perception of a second target. Moreover, conscious perception of the second target was signaled by longer-latency (200–400 ms) striatal activity. These results suggest that the ventral striatum may be part of a subcortical network that influences conscious experience.
Histological Underpinnings of Grey Matter Changes in Fibromyalgia Investigated Using Multimodal Brain Imaging
Authors: Pomares Florence B. , Funck Thomas , Feier Natasha A. , Roy Steven , Daigle-Martel Alexandre , Ceko Marta , Narayanan Sridar , Araujo David , Thiel Alexander , Stikov Nikola , Fitzcharles Mary-Ann , Schweinhardt Petra
Published: December 2016

Chronic pain patients present with cortical gray matter alterations, observed with anatomical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Reduced regional gray matter volumes are often interpreted to reflect neurodegeneration, but studies investigating the cellular origin of gray matter changes are lacking. We used multimodal imaging to compare 26 postmenopausal women with fibromyalgia with 25 healthy controls (age range: 50–75 years) to test whether regional gray matter volume decreases in chronic pain are associated with compromised neuronal integrity. Regional gray matter decreases were largely explained by T1 relaxation times in gray matter, a surrogate measure of water content, and not to any substantial degree by GABAAreceptor concentration, an indirect marker of neuronal integrity measured with [18F] flumazenil PET. In addition, the MR spectroscopy marker of neuronal viability,N-acetylaspartate, did not differ between patients and controls. These findings suggest that decreased gray matter volumes are not explained by compromised neuronal integrity. Alternatively, a decrease in neuronal matter could be compensated for by an upregulation of GABAAreceptors. The relation between regional gray matter and T1 relaxation times suggests decreased tissue water content underlying regional gray matter decreases. In contrast, regional gray matter increases were explained by GABAAreceptor concentration in addition to T1 relaxation times, indicating perhaps increased neuronal matter or GABAAreceptor upregulation and inflammatory edema. By providing information on the histological origins of cerebral gray matter alterations in fibromyalgia, this study advances the understanding of the neurobiology of chronic widespread pain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRegional gray matter alterations in chronic pain, as detected with voxel-based morphometry of anatomical magnetic resonance images, are commonly interpreted to reflect neurodegeneration, but this assumption has not been tested. We found decreased gray matter in fibromyalgia to be associated with T1 relaxation times, a surrogate marker of water content, but not with GABAAreceptor concentration, a surrogate of neuronal integrity. In contrast, regional gray matter increases were partly explained by GABAAreceptor concentration, indicating some form of neuronal plasticity. The study emphasizes that voxel-based morphometry is an exploratory measure, demonstrating the need to investigate the histological origin of gray matter alterations for every distinct clinical entity, and advances the understanding of the neurobiology of chronic (widespread) pain.
Presynaptic Neuronal Pentraxin Receptor Organizes Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses
Authors: Lee Sung-Jin , Wei Mengping , Zhang Chen , Maxeiner Stephan , Pak ChangHui , Calado Botelho Salome , Trotter Justin , Sterky Fredrik H. , Südhof Thomas C.
Published: December 2016

Three neuronal pentraxins are expressed in brain, the membrane-bound “neuronal pentraxin receptor” (NPR) and the secreted proteins NP1 and NARP (i.e., NP2). Neuronal pentraxins bind to AMPARs at excitatory synapses and play important, well-documented roles in the activity-dependent regulation of neural circuits via this binding activity. However, it is unknown whether neuronal pentraxins perform roles in synapses beyond modulating postsynaptic AMPAR-dependent plasticity, and whether they may even act in inhibitory synapses. Here, we show that NPR expressed in non-neuronal cells potently induces formation of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic specializations in cocultured hippocampal neurons. Knockdown of NPR in hippocampal neurons, conversely, dramatically decreased assembly and function of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic specializations. Overexpression of NPR rescued the NPR knockdown phenotype but did not in itself change synapse numbers or properties. However, the NPR knockdown decreased the levels of NARP, whereas NPR overexpression produced a dramatic increase in the levels of NP1 and NARP, suggesting that NPR recruits and stabilizes NP1 and NARP on the presynaptic plasma membrane. Mechanistically, NPR acted in excitatory synapse assembly by binding to the N-terminal domain of AMPARs; antagonists of AMPA and GABA receptors selectively inhibited NPR-induced heterologous excitatory and inhibitory synapse assembly, respectively, but did not affect neurexin-1β-induced synapse assembly as a control. Our data suggest that neuronal pentraxins act as signaling complexes that function as general trans-synaptic organizers of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses by a mechanism that depends, at least in part, on the activity of the neurotransmitter receptors at these synapses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal pentraxins comprise three neuronal proteins, neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPR) which is a type-II transmembrane protein on the neuronal surface, and secreted neuronal pentraxin-1 and NARP. The general functions of neuronal pentraxins at synapses have not been explored, except for their basic AMPAR binding properties. Here, we examined the functional role of NPR at synapses because it is the only neuronal pentraxin that is anchored to the neuronal cell-surface membrane. We find that NPR is a potent inducer of both excitatory and inhibitory heterologous synapses, and that knockdown of NPR in cultured neurons decreases the density of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Our data suggest that NPR performs a general, previously unrecognized function as a universal organizer of synapses.
Transanalis endoszkópos mikrosebészeti technikával eltávolított rectumcarcinomák retrospektív vizsgálata osztályunk egyéves beteganyagában
Authors: Jánó Zoltán , Mohos Elemér , Kovács Tamás , Berki Csaba , Nagy Tibor , Réti György , Nagy Attila
Published: December 2016

Absztrakt

Bevezetés: Az első TEM (transanal endoscopic microsurgery)
műtétet Magyarországon Nagy Attila professzor végezte osztályunkon 1992-ben.
Azóta 2016. augusztus 1-jéig éves átlagban 60, összesen 1385 ilyen műtét
történt, 992 esetben jóindulatú és 393 esetben rosszindulatú elváltozás miatt.
Közleményünkben egy év (2013) beteganyagát, azon belül pedig a carcinomás
eseteket dolgoztuk fel. Betegek és módszer: 2013-ban 118
betegnél összesen 121 esetben végeztünk TEM-műtétet (három betegnél kétszer).
Ebből 70 betegnél jóindulatú, 48 betegnél rosszindulatú elváltozás miatt
végeztük a beavatkozást. Az átlag utánkövetési idő: 32,06 (12–39) hónap volt. Az
eseteket az egyedi betegsorsok részletes bemutatásával retrospektíve elemeztük.
A carcinomák patológiai stádiumai a következők voltak: nyolc in
situ carcinoma, 14 T1, 12 T2, kilenc T3 és öt Tx. Preoperatív RCT-t
17 beteg kapott (négy ypT0, kettő ypT1, három ypT2, nyolc ypT3).
Eredmények: A pTis stádiumú betegcsoportban nyolcból hét
beteget tudtunk utánkövetni. Recidíva: 2/7, ebből malignus egy (14,28%), távoli
áttét: 0, DFS: 85,71%; OS: 100% volt. A pT1 stádiumú csoportban egy beteget csak
négy hónapig tudtunk utánkövetni. Recidíva 13-ból két esetben (15,38%), távoli
áttét 1/13 (7,69%) alakult ki. DFS: 84,61%, OS: 84,61% volt. A pT2-csoportban
három malignus recidívát észleltünk: 3/11 (27,2%.). Távoli áttét egy esetben
igazolódott: 1/11 (9,09%). DFS: 81,81%, OS: 81,81% volt. A pT3-csoport
eredményei: lokális recidíva: 2/8 (25%), távoli áttét: 3/8 (37,5%), DFS: 62,5%,
OS: 75%. A pTx-csoportban öt betegből négy esetben neo-RCT-t követően teljes
patológiai regressziót észleltünk, egy beteg szövettani eredménye carcinoid
lett. A neo-RCT-t kapott betegek közül összesen 10 esetben észleltünk
downstaginget. Következtetések: A részletes esettörténetek
bemutatásával a rectumcarcinomák TEM-mel történő ellátásának komplexitására és
az egyénre szabott ellátás fontosságára szeretnénk felhívni a figyelmet. A
vizsgált betegcsoport alapján messzemenő következtetéseket a kis esetszám és az
ellátás sokfélesége miatt nem lehet levonni. A TEM és hasonló módszerek hatékony
alkalmazásához a rectumcarcinomák ellátásában elengedhetetlen mind a preoperatív
diagnosztika, mind a patológiai alcsoportok részletekbe menő pontosítása. A
neo-RCT-vel TEM-re alkalmassá tehető betegek számát a korai esetek kiszűrésén
túlmenően a reszponder, nonreszponder státusz egzakt meghatározhatóságával
lehetne növelni.
Parastomalis sérvek megelőzése és megoldása: a háromdimenziós hálókkal szerzett eddigi tapasztalataink
Authors: Jánó Zoltán , Mohos Elemér , Réti György , Kovács Tamás , Mohay József , Berki Csaba , Horváth Sándor , Bene Krisztina , Horzov Myroslav , Bognár Gábor , Sándor Gábor , Szenkovits Péter , Mohos Petra , Tornai Gábor , Nagy Attila
Published: December 2016

Absztrakt

Bevezetés: Bár a stomaképző műtétek száma napjainkban egyre
csökken, azonban amennyiben valamilyen oknál fogva mégis erre kényszerülünk,
akkor akár 50%-ot elérő gyakorisággal számolhatunk parastomalis sérv
kialakulásával. Az esetek mintegy harmadában ezek műtéti korrekcióra szorulnak,
gyakran sürgősséggel, ügyeleti körülmények között. Az alkalmazott műtéttípusok
nem egységesek és a nemritkán nagy kihívást jelentő eljárások komplikációrátája
magas. Osztályunkon 2003 óta alkalmazunk speciális háromdimenziós hálókat a
parastomalis sérvek megelőzésére és megoldására. Betegek és
módszerek: 2012. január 1-jétől 2016. június 1-jéig prospektív,
kontrollált, randomizált vizsgálat keretében abdominoperinealis exstirpatióval
egyidejűleg 38 esetben végeztünk preventív hálóbeültetést, illetve 14 esetben
már meglevő parastomalis sérvet korrigáltunk hálóbeültetéssel. A
kontrollcsoportokban eddig 46, illetve 18 beteg szerepel a preventív, illetve
rekonstrukciós ágon. A bevonást 2017-ig végezzük. A preventív csoportban 22
esetben laparoszkóposan, 62 esetben nyitottan végeztük a Miles-műtétet. A
rekonstrukciós csoportban hat esetben laparoszkóposan, 26 esetben nyitottan
végeztük a különböző típusú hasfal-rekonstrukciókat. A vizsgált időszakban az
átlag utánkövetési idő 19,2 hónap volt a hálós és 22,6 hónap volt a nem hálós
alcsoportokban a preventív ágon, és 25,9 hónap, illetve 20,4 hónap volt a hálós,
illetve háló nélküli alcsoportokban a rekonstrukciós ágon.
Eredmények: Az eredmények részletes statisztikai analízisét
a vizsgálat lezárultával fogjuk elvégezni. Az interim eredmények alapján a
komplikációarányok nem különböznek számottevően a hálós, illetve a nem hálós
csoportok között. Az eddig vizsgált időszakban a preventív vizsgálati ágon
parastomalis sérv kialakulását a nem hálós csoportban 18 esetben (39.1%), a
hálós csoportban három esetben (7,8%) észleltük. A rekonstrukciós ágon
rekurrenciát a nem hálós csoportban nyolc esetben (44%), a hálós csoportban
pedig egy esetben (7,1%) észleltünk. Következtetések:
Eredményeink korrelálnak az irodalomban egyre szaporodó különböző
hálóbeültetéses eljárásokkal. Ezt elsősorban a parastomalis sérvek kialakulási
patomechanizmusának megértésén alapuló egyedi hálókonstrukciónak
tulajdonítjuk.
The role of transnational corporations in the international insertion of Brazilian manufactures in the context of productive restructuring
Authors: Pereira Adriano José , Dathein Ricardo
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the influence of the international trade pattern of Transnational Corporations (TNCs) on the international insertion of Brazilian manufacturing industry between 1995 and 2005, based on data of the Census of Foreign Capitals of the Central Bank of Brazil. The work aims to investigate to what extent increased international insertion of TNCs in national economies has contributed to the evolution of Brazilian manufactures in terms of international trade. It has been concluded that the significant participation of TNCs in Brazilian foreign trade reveals that the international insertion of the country's industrial output presents an increasing dependency on strategic decisions of TNCs.
Local multiplier of industrial employment: Brazilian mesoregions (2000-2010)
Authors: MACEDO GUILHERME , MONASTERIO LEONARDO
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT This paper estimates the local multiplier of manufacturing for Brazil (2000-2010). The method is based on (Moretti, 2010) and on (Moretti and Thulin, 2012), who estimated these multipliers for the U.S. and Sweden. The local multiplier of manufacturing estimates the impacts of employment changes in the industrial sectors on employment in the services sectors, and the impact of changes in employment in the high-tech and low-tech tradable sectors on employment in the services sectors. These estimates help to assess the importance of industrial employment changes over local economies. We created instrumental variables, based on the shift-share method. The employment data cover 21 economic subsectors and 123 regions in 2000, 2005 and 2010. We have estimated that in the Brazilian mesorregions, for each new job in the tradable sectors, almost four jobs were created locally in the services sectors. Additionally, each job in the high-tech industrial sectors was estimated to create approximately seven jobs in the services sectors over the long term.
Desalinhamento cambial, volatilidade cambial e crescimento econômico: uma análise para a economia brasileira (1995-2011)
Authors: VIEIRA FLÁVIO VILELA , DAMASCENO ADERBAL OLIVEIRA
Published: December 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a importância do desalinhamento cambial e da volatilidade cambial para o crescimento da economia brasileira no período de 1995 a 2011. As evidências sugerem: i) o desalinhamento cambial é relevante para explicar o crescimento econômico da economia brasileira e subvalorização cambial (sobrevalorização cambial) estimula (desestimula) o crescimento econômico; ii) a volatilidade cambial é relevante para explicar o crescimento econômico da economia brasileira e maior (menor) volatilidade cambial desestimula (estimula) o crescimento econômico; iii) mudança na taxa de investimento e a taxa de crescimento das exportações têm coeficientes estimados positivos no modelo de crescimento. Como recomendação de política, sugere-se a manutenção de uma taxa real de câmbio em um nível competitivo e com baixa volatilidade.
Investimentos em infraestrutura de transportes e desigualdades regionais no Brasil: uma análise dos impactos do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC)
Authors: Silva Guilherme Jonas Costa da , Martins Humberto Eduardo de Paula , Neder Henrique Dantas
Published: December 2016

RESUMO O trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os efeitos dos investimentos em infraestrutura, em particular, de transportes, realizados no âmbito do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) sobre a dinâmica regional brasileira. As hipóteses investigadas no trabalho são: (i) os investimentos em infraestrutura contribuem para o crescimento econômico dos estados brasileiros; (ii) os investimentos em infraestrutura realizados no âmbito do PAC têm contribuído para aumentar as taxas de crescimento econômico dos estados brasileiros, (iii) bem como para alterar a dispersão das taxas de crescimento econômico entre os estados, em particular, a favor dos estados de menor produto. Para tanto, emprega-se a metodologia de dados em painel e bootstrapping para as estimativas e predições realizadas, respectivamente. Os resultados empíricos confirmaram apenas a primeira hipótese, mas não as demais, indicando que o PAC não tem contribuído significativamente para aumentar a taxa média de crescimento do produto per capita dos estados nem para reduzir as desigualdades regionais no país.
TRABALHO PERPÉTUO: O VIÉS DE GÊNERO E O IDEAL DE JUVENTUDE NO CAPITALISMO FLEXÍVEL
Authors: Castro Bárbara
Published: December 2016

Resumo Este artigo propõe a ideia de trabalho perpétuo como categoria analítica para aprofundar a compreensão das dinâmicas de espoliação e exploração do trabalho no capitalismo contemporâneo. O que se pretende demonstrar é como a flexibilização dos contratos de trabalho produz trabalhadores e trabalhadoras que não podem dispor da interrupção de suas trajetórias produtivas, seja pela ausência ou pela intermitência da seguridade social. Essa disponibilidade ininterrupta para o trabalho exige um trabalhador ideal, que atualiza e aprofunda as desigualdades de gênero e idade já presentes no mercado de trabalho. Para construir esse argumento, serão apresentados dados empíricos, recolhidos de entrevistas em profundidade realizadas com profissionais homens e mulheres do setor de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) atuantes nas cidades de Campinas e São Paulo.
UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE A PRÁTICA DA RETRADUÇÃO COM BASE NO CASO DAS REPUBLICAÇÕES DE OBRAS DE CLARICE LISPECTOR NO EXTERIOR
Authors: Esteves Lenita Maria Rimoli
Published: December 2016

RESUMO Nos últimos cinco anos aproximadamente, tem-se observado um maior movimento em torno da autora Clarice Lispector no exterior, especialmente no mundo anglófono. Clarice já era conhecida em países como Inglaterra e Estados Unidos, mas nesse período mais recente foi possível observar o lançamento de uma biografia da autora em inglês, retraduções de várias de suas obras e muita agitação na mídia em torno dessas publicações. A partir desses acontecimentos, este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a prática da retradução e seus determinantes, analisando quais são os motivos que levam pessoas a fazer novas traduções para que substituam as já existentes. Em particular, serão cotejados três textos: o original de A hora da estrela ([1977] 1988), sua tradução The hour of the star realizada por Giovanni Pontiero (1992) e sua retradução, feita por Benjamin Moser (2011).
Prevalência de diabetes mellitus e adesão medicamentosa em idosos da Estratégia Saúde da Família de Porto Alegre/RS
Authors: Silva Aline Bueno da , Engroff Paula , Sgnaolin Vanessa , Ely Luísa Scheer , Gomes Irenio
Published: December 2016

Resumo Introdução Com o envelhecimento populacional, há o aparecimento de doenças crônicas incapacitantes, entre as quais se destaca a diabetes mellitus (DM). O objetivo do estudo é descrever a prevalência de DM em idosos da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) de Porto Alegre, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, de acordo com o tratamento, a adesão medicamentosa e variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado em indivíduos acima de 60 anos. Os dados foram coletados por instrumento (dados sociodemográficos, condições de saúde, hábitos de vida e informações de medicamentos). A adesão medicamentosa foi avaliada pela escala de Morisky. Resultados Foram analisados 763 idosos, com idade média de 69,1±7,5 anos, dos quais 63,7% eram do sexo feminino. A prevalência de DM foi de 23,5%, principalmente nas mulheres (27,2%), na faixa etária de 60 a 79 anos (24,6%), nos viúvos (28,4%) e nos que relataram ter cuidador (27,6%). Nas variáveis de saúde, idosos com maior índice de massa corporal (IMC) e aqueles com doença cardíaca apresentaram maior prevalência de DM. A metformina foi o hipoglicemiante que apresentou maior frequência de uso (76,5%). Conclusão A atenção ao idoso diabético vem crescendo nas ESF, por isso este estudo contribuirá para o desenvolvimento de estratégias para melhor atenção a essa população.
Tendências da mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero no Piauí, 2000-2011
Authors: Madeiro Alberto , Rufino Andréa Cronemberger , Brandão Natália de Sampaio , Santos Isadora de Sousa
Published: December 2016

Resumo Introdução O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a tendência de mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero no Piauí e em seus 11 territórios de desenvolvimento (TDs) de 2000 a 2011. Métodos Realizou-se análise de série temporal, com dados sobre óbitos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e dados demográficos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). As taxas de mortalidade foram corrigidas com redistribuição proporcional dos óbitos por “neoplasia do útero, parte não especificada” e padronizadas por idade. A tendência das taxas de mortalidade foi avaliada utilizando-se o método joinpoint. Resultados Houve predisposição de aumento na taxa de mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero em todo o Estado (VPA=+2,3%; IC95%=0,2-4,5), principalmente no TD 5 (VPA=+11,6; IC95%=9,4-37,5) e no TD 10 (VPA=+11,4; IC95%=0,7-23,2). Os demais TDs apresentaram tendência estável da taxa de mortalidade. Conclusões De 2000 a 2011, tendeu-se ao aumento da mortalidade por câncer do colo uterino, sugerindo dificuldade de diagnóstico precoce e de tratamento dessa neoplasia no Estado.
Hipertensão arterial e fatores associados em uma comunidade quilombola da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Silva Thalane Souza Santos , Bomfim Catharine Abreu , Leite Túlio César Rodrigues , Moura Cristiano Soares , Belo Najara de Oliveira , Tomazi Laize
Published: December 2016

Resumo Objetivo Determinar a prevalência da hipertensão arterial (HA) e investigar fatores associados em uma comunidade quilombola da Bahia, Brasil. Métodos A HA foi determinada por autorreferimento de diagnóstico feito por um médico ou enfermeiro. Por meio de questionário, foram coletados dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, hábitos de vida e alimentares e presença de comorbidades. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas e dosagens bioquímicas para determinação de sobrepeso/obesidade, diabetes e dislipidemias. Empregaram-se análise univariada para determinar associação entre HA e variáveis de interesse, e análise múltipla por regressão de Poisson para estimativa das razões de prevalência. Resultados A população estudada foi de 213 indivíduos maiores de 18 anos. A prevalência de HA foi de 38,5%. Após análise ajustada, permaneceram associados à HA: sexo feminino, idade, menor escolaridade, maior renda per capita, uso de medicamentos nos últimos 15 dias, obesidade e diabetes mellitus. Conclusões Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de ações intersetoriais voltadas para a melhoria das condições de vida e saúde dessa comunidade. A adequação da infraestrutura e do funcionamento do serviço de saúde local, bem como a realização de campanhas de promoção da saúde, pode contribuir para a prevenção, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da hipertensão e outros agravos.
Measurement of the area of venous ulcers using two software programs
Authors: Eberhardt Thaís Dresch , Lima Suzinara Beatriz Soares de , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Borges Eline de Lima , Weiller Teresinha Heck , Fonseca Graziele Gorete Portella da
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the measurement area of venous ulcers using AutoCAD(r) and Image Tool software. Method: this was an assessment of reproducibility tests conducted in a angiology clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected from 21 patients with venous ulcers, in the period from March to July of 2015, using a collection form and photograph of wounds. Five nurses (evaluators) of the hospital skin wound study group participated. The wounds were measured using both software programs. Data were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient, concordance correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis. The study met the ethical aspects in accordance with current legislation. Results: the size of ulcers varied widely, however, without significant difference between the measurements; an excellent intraclass and concordance correlation was found between both software programs, which seem to be more accurate when measuring a wound area >10 cm². Conclusion: the use of both software programs is appropriate for measurement of venous ulcers, appearing to be more accurate when used to measure a wound area > 10 cm².
Advanced dementia in a sample of Brazilian elderly: Sociodemographic and morbidity analysis
Authors: Cintra Marco Túlio Gualberto , Rezende Nilton Alves de , Torres Henrique Oswaldo da Gama
Published: December 2016

Summary Introduction: To investigate the sociodemographic and morbidity profile of advanced dementia patients and sociodemographic data of their primary caregivers. Method: Data was obtained from 67 elderly recruited for an observational prospective study, through interviews performed with primary caregivers. For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS(r)) for Windowsr, version 19.0. was employed. Results: Advanced dementia patients were mostly women, widows, and non-institutionalized, with low-income. An elevated rate of stroke, sarcopenia, and pressure ulcers in this population is noted. Caregivers were mostly women, married, children of the studied patients, and unemployed. Only one third of caregivers were hired for the task. Conclusion: Patients with advanced dementia present a high morbidity profile, low income, and depend on the care given by family members, mostly unemployed daughters.
Salivary gland endoscopy in children: A systematic review
Authors: Silva Leonardo , Babicsak Gean , Dolci Ricardo Landini
Published: December 2016

Summary Objective: To review studies on sialendoscopy (SE) of the salivary glands in children focusing mainly on the indications, endoscopic findings, and effectiveness of the procedure. Method: The electronic databases searched were Pubmed, Scielo, and Cochrane. The search was conducted by two researchers independently, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. A third author analyzed sources of conflict. In the first stage they were discarded by reading the articles title that had no relation to the purpose of the study and then evaluated the abstracts of each study. In these two initial phases 37 articles were excluded. Articles not excluded by the selection criteria have been retrieved and assessed in full. Seven articles had their data extracted and were compared. Results: The literature search parameters listed allowed the recovery of 44 articles. After applying the exclusion criteria, seven studies were included in this review representing 207 patients undergoing with ages ranging from 1 to 16 years. All studies except one underwent SE under general anesthesia. The juvenile recurrent parotitis was the main clinical diagnosis related with SE procedures (N=152). The number of inflammatory attacks per patient per year was the parameter for indication of SE. The efficacy of the procedure was considered high by all authors ranging between 83 and 93% in larger series evaluated. Conclusion: Sialendoscopy is a safe and effective procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent inflammatory diseases of salivary glands in children.