bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRAF3 regulation of inhibitory signaling pathways in B and T lymphocytes by kinase and phosphatase localization
Authors: Wallis Alicia M , Bishop Gail A
Published: January 2018

This brief review presents current understanding of how the signaling adapter protein TRAF3 can both induce and block inhibitory signaling pathways in B and T lymphocytes, via association with kinases and phosphatases, and subsequent regulation of their localization within the cell. In B lymphocytes, signaling through the interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) induces association of TRAF3 with IL-6R-associated JAK1, to which TRAF3 recruits the phosphatase PTPN22 (protein tyrosine phosphatase number 22) to dephosphorylate JAK1 and STAT3, inhibiting IL-6R signaling. An important biological consequence of this inhibition is restraining the size of the plasma cell compartment, as their differentiation is IL-6 dependent. Similarly, in T lymphocytes, interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling recruits TRAF3, which in turn recruits the phosphatase TCPTP (T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase) to dephosphorylate JAK3. The resulting inhibition of IL-2R signaling limits the IL-2-dependent size of the T regulatory cell (Treg) compartment. TRAF3 also inhibits type 1 IFN receptor (IFNαR) signaling to T cells by this mechanism, restraining expression of IFN-stimulated gene expression. In contrast, TRAF3 association with two inhibitors of TCR signaling, C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and PTPN22, promotes their localization to the cytoplasm, away from the membrane TCR complex. TRAF3 thus enhances TCR signaling and downstream T cell activation. Implications are discussed for these regulatory roles of TRAF3 in lymphocytes, as well as potential future directions.
All over the map: An interobserver agreement study of tumor location based on the PI‐RADSv2 sector map
Authors: Greer Matthew D. , Shih Joanna H. , Barrett Tristan , Bednarova Sandra , Kabakus Ismail , Law Yan Mee , Shebel Haytham , Merino Maria J. , Wood Bradford J. , Pinto Peter A. , Choyke Peter L. , Turkbey Baris
Published: January 2018

Background

Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI‐RADSv2) recommends a sector map for reporting findings of prostate cancer mulitparametric MRI (mpMRI). Anecdotally, radiologists may demonstrate inconsistent reproducibility with this map.

Purpose

To evaluate interobserver agreement in defining prostate tumor location on mpMRI using the PI‐RADSv2 sector map.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Thirty consecutive patients who underwent mpMRI between October, 2013 and March, 2015 and who subsequently underwent prostatectomy with whole‐mount processing.

Field Strength

3T mpMRI with T2W, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] and b‐2000), dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE).

Assessment

Six radiologists (two high, two intermediate, and two low experience) from six institutions participated. Readers were blinded to lesion location and detected up to four lesions as per PI‐RADSv2 guidelines. Readers marked the long‐axis of lesions, saved screen‐shots of each lesion, and then marked the lesion location on the PI‐RADSv2 sector map. Whole‐mount prostatectomy specimens registered to the MRI served as ground truth. Index lesions were defined as the highest grade lesion or largest lesion if grades were equivalent.

Statistical Test

Agreement was calculated for the exact, overlap, and proportion of agreement.

Results

Readers detected an average of 1.9 lesions per patient (range 1.6–2.3). 96.3% (335/348) of all lesions for all readers were scored PI‐RADS ≥3. Readers defined a median of 2 (range 1–18) sectors per lesion. Agreement for detecting index lesions by screen shots was 83.7% (76.1%–89.9%) vs. 71.0% (63.1–78.3%) overlap agreement on the PI‐RADS sector map (P < 0.001). Exact agreement for defining sectors of detected index lesions was only 21.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.4–27.7%) and rose to 49.0% (42.4–55.3%) when overlap was considered. Agreement on defining the same level of disease (ie, apex, mid, base) was 61.4% (95% CI 50.2–71.8%).

Data Conclusion

Readers are highly likely to detect the same index lesion on mpMRI, but exhibit poor reproducibility when attempting to define tumor location on the PI‐RADSv2 sector map. The poor agreement of the PI‐RADSv2 sector map raises concerns its utility in clinical practice.

Level of Evidence: 3

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:482–490.
Pompeii dilemma: A motivation‐based analysis of tourists' preference for “superstar” archaeological attractors or less renowned archaeological sites in the Vesuvius area
Authors: Ercolano Salvatore , Gaeta Giuseppe Lucio , Parenti Benedetta
Published: January 2018

This paper studies the motivations that trigger tourists' choice of visiting one specific archaeological site among those that exist in the Vesuvius area in southern Italy where, alongside some “superstar” archaeological attractors (Pompeii and Herculaneum), some less renowned sites (Oplontis, Stabiae, and Boscoreale) also exist. Based on data collected through an original survey, this paper proposes an empirical analysis aimed at investigating the correlation that exists between motivations for the visit and the site chosen among those existing in the Vesuvius area. The results contribute to the expanding literature focusing on motivations of cultural and heritage tourism.
Gain Properties and Distributed Feedback Laser Performance of 7F6/Poly(Styrene) Blend Films: Potential Core Material for Plastic Optical Fiber Expanding the Bandwidth to Visible Region
Authors: Zhang Kang , Zhang Qi , Zhang Haoran , Shen Jianping , Niu Qiaoli , Xia Ruidong
Published: January 2018

Optical gain properties of blue emission oligomer 7‐unit 9,9‐dihexylfluorene (7F6) and its blends with polystyrene (PS) are reported. 7F6 demonstrates high photoluminescence quantum yield (65%), low amplified spontaneous emission threshold (EthASE = 0.6 kW cm−2), high gain coefficient (g = 90.9 cm−1), and extremely low distributed feedback laser threshold (Ethlaser = 86 W cm−2). Unlike polymer gain materials, the phase separation between 7F6 and PS is small even in a high blending ratio. The 70 and 50 wt% 7F6/PS blends display excellent gain properties with g = 70.7 and 64.3 cm−1, EthASE = 1.1 and 2.1 kW cm−2, and Ethlaser = 0.3 and 0.41 kW cm−2, respectively. The photostability and thermal stability are improved significantly by blending 7F6 into PS. These results promise 7F6/PS blends as a potential core material for expanding the bandwidth of plastic optical fiber.
Crosslinking of Semiaromatic Polyesters toward High‐Temperature Shape Memory Polymers with Full Recovery
Authors: Raidt Thomas , Schmidt Martin , Tiller Joerg C. , Katzenberg Frank
Published: January 2018

In this work, high‐temperature shape memory polymers are realized by end‐group crosslinking of the semiaromatic polyesters polyethylene terephthalate as well as polybutylene terephthalate. Both networks exhibit trigger temperatures distinctly higher than 200 °C and excellent shape memory properties such as storable strains of 200%, full fixity of the applied strain in the temporary shape, and full recovery of the permanent shape.
Topical nitroglycerin for the treatment of intraoperative microsurgical vasospasm
Authors: Ricci Joseph A. , Singhal Dhruv , Fukudome Eugene Y. , Tobias Adam M. , Lin Samuel J. , Lee Bernard T.
Published: January 2018

Background

Papaverine remains a popular agent to treat intraoperative microsurgical vasospasm. However, the recent shortage has forced surgeons to trial antispasmodic agents unproven in microsurgery, but commonly used in other areas. During this shortage we have trialed topical nitroglycerin to break intraoperative vasospasm. This study aims to analyze the outcomes of this medication on flap complications compared with papaverine.

Methods

All consecutive free flaps performed for breast reconstruction at a single institution were reviewed. Data collected included patient demographics, co‐morbidities, complications and type of antispasmodic agent. Rates of re‐exploration, complications and flap salvage were compared between patients receiving nitroglycerin and papaverine.

Results

Over 10 years, 991 flaps were treated with antispasmodics: 18 of which were treated with topical nitroglycerin. Patients treated with nitroglycerin tended to have higher BMI (32.1 vs. 27.9, P < 0.01), higher rates of pre‐operative chemotherapy (83.3% vs. 51.3%, P < 0.01) and shorter follow‐up duration (735 vs. 1691 days, P < 0.01). However, no differences in complications were observed, including: unplanned return to the operating room, flap loss, fat necrosis, infection, hematoma, or seroma. Subgroup analysis with a time‐matched cohort of papaverine patients revealed minimal difference in comorbidities and no difference in complications.

Conclusions

Substituting topical nitroglycerin for papaverine to treat vasospasm during the shortage did not demonstrate an increased rate of flap loss or return to the operating room, making these medications a safe alternative to papaverine.
Violence and child mental health in Brazil: The Itaboraí Youth Study methods and findings
Authors: Bordin I.A. , Duarte C.S. , Ribeiro W.S. , Paula C.S. , Coutinho E.S.F. , Sourander A. , Rønning J.A.
Published: January 2018

Objectives

To demonstrate a study design that could be useful in low‐resource and violent urban settings and to estimate the prevalence of child violence exposure (at home, community, and school) and child mental health problems in a low‐income medium‐size city.

Methods

The Itaboraí Youth Study is a Norway–Brazil collaborative longitudinal study conducted in Itaboraí city (n = 1409, 6–15 year olds). A 3‐stage probabilistic sampling plan (random selection of census units, eligible households, and target child) generated sampling weights that were used to obtain estimates of population prevalence rates.

Results

Study strengths include previous pilot study and focus groups (testing procedures and comprehension of questionnaire items), longitudinal design (2 assessment periods with a mean interval of 12.9 months), high response rate (>80%), use of standardized instruments, different informants (mother and adolescent), face‐to‐face interviews to avoid errors due to the high frequency of low‐educated respondents, and information gathered on a variety of potential predictors and protective factors. Children and adolescents presented relevant levels of violence exposure and clinical mental health problems.

Conclusions

Prevalence estimates are probably valid to other Brazilian low‐income medium‐size cities due to similarities in terms of precarious living conditions. Described study methods could be useful in other poor and violent world regions.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Optically Tuneable Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Bellacanzone Christian , Roscini Claudio , del Carmen Ruiz Delgado María , Ponce Ortiz Rocio , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel
Published: January 2018

The development of novel and simple methodologies for the obtaining of semiconductive polymer nanoparticles with fine‐tuned optical properties represents nowadays a challenging research area as it involves a simultaneous chemical modification and nanostructuration of the polymer. Here, starting from poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene], this objective is achieved with the one‐pot synthesis of oligomers with tunable conjugation length and their nanostructuration, employing a miniemulsion method. Ultrasound irradiation of heterogeneous mixtures leads to the formation of hypochlorous acid that disrupts the electronic conjugation through polymer chain cleavage. Moreover, control over the degree of the electronic conjugation of the oligomers, and therefore of the optical properties, is achieved simply by varying the polymer concentration of the initial solution. Finally, the presence of surfactants during the sonication allows for the formation of nanoparticles with progressive spectral shift of the main absorption (from λmax = 476 to 306 nm) and emission bands (from λmax = 597 to 481 nm). The integration of conducting polymer nanoparticles into polymeric matrices yields self‐standing and flexible fluorescent films.
A multi‐institutional analysis of children on long‐term non‐invasive respiratory support and their outcomes
Authors: Koncicki Monica L. , Zachariah Philip , Lucas Adam R. , Edwards Jeffrey D.
Published: January 2018

Objectives

To characterize a multi‐institutional cohort of children with chronic respiratory failure that use long‐term, non‐invasive respiratory support, perform a time‐to‐event analysis of transitions to transtracheal ventilation and identify factors associated with earlier transition to transtracheal ventilation.

Study Design

A retrospective cohort study of patients less than 21 years of age with diagnoses associated with chronic respiratory failure and discharged on non‐invasive respiratory support was performed using data from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) between 2007 and 2015. Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as times from index discharge on non‐invasive support to transtracheal ventilation were presented. A competing risk regression model was fitted to estimate factors associated with earlier transition to transtracheal ventilation.

Results

A total of 3802 patients were identified. Their median age at index discharge was 10.4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 4.1‐14.9). Of these patients, 337 (8.9%) transitioned to transtracheal ventilation and transitioned at a median of 11.5 months (IQR 4.6‐26) post‐index discharge, or a median age of 9.3 years (IQR 4.2‐14.5). Competing risk modeling demonstrated that patients who were older or whose discharge occurred later in the study period had lower hazards of earlier transition to transtracheal ventilation, whereas patients with anoxia/encephalopathy and quadriplegia had higher hazards of earlier transitioning.

Conclusions

Most patients on long‐term, non‐invasive respiratory support who progress to transtracheal ventilation transition do so within a few years of support initiation. Various characteristics were associated with earlier risk of transitioning to transtracheal ventilation. This information may enhance anticipatory guidance for this population.
Direct Observation of Radical States and the Correlation with Performance Degradation in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes During Device Operation
Authors: Sato Go , Son Donghyun , Ito Taisuke , Osawa Fumiya , Cho Yujin , Marumoto Kazuhiro
Published: January 2018

Microscopic characterization of radical states in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) during device operation is useful for elucidating the degradation mechanism because the radical formation has been considered as non‐radiative recombination centers. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is suitable for such characterization because it can directly observe radicals in OLEDs. In this work, the detailed ESR investigation into the radical states in OLEDs during device operation is firstly reported using a typical light‐emitting Alq3‐based OLEDs. The simultaneous measurements of the ESR signal and the luminance of the same OLED are performed to study the direct correlation between the radical states and the performance degradation. These characteristics show that the luminance monotonically decreases and an ESR signal concomitantly increases as the duration of the device operation increases after operating the OLED. Using the analysis of density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the origin of the newly emerged ESR signal is ascribed to the cationic species due to decomposed Alq3 molecules. The elucidation of the radical species formed in OLEDs during device operation has been demonstrated at a molecular level for the first time. This ESR analysis would provide useful knowledge for understanding the degradation mechanism in the OLEDs at the molecular level.
Attitude‐synchronization flocking of multiple 3‐dimensional nonholonomic agents without position measurement
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Wen , Guan Zhi‐Hong , Hu Bin , Liao Rui‐Quan , Zhang Xian‐He , He Ding‐Xin
Published: January 2018

This paper studies the attitude‐synchronization flocking problem for multiple 3‐dimensional nonholonomic agents. By analyzing the nonlinearity of the nonholonomic model and invoking the neighbor‐based design principle, we develop a distributed linear control protocol with the local information from each agent and its neighbors in proximity, especially, no position measurement is employed. Based on max‐min and Lyapunov stability theory, the proposed distributed control protocol can ensure the 3 flocking rules and attitude synchronization meanwhile, if collision avoidance and communication connectivity are guaranteed at the initial time. Additionally, numerical simulations are provided to verify the theoretical results.
Internal model approach to cooperative robust output regulation for linear uncertain time‐delay multiagent systems
Authors: Lu Maobin , Huang Jie
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we study the cooperative robust output regulation problem for linear uncertain multiagent systems with both communication delay and input delay by the distributed internal model approach. The problem includes the leader‐following consensus problem of linear multiagent systems with time delay as a special case. We first generalize the internal model design method to systems with both communication delay and input delay. Then, under a set of standard assumptions, we have obtained the solution to the problem via both the state feedback control law and the output feedback control law. In contrast to the existing results, our results apply to general linear uncertain multiagent systems, accommodate a large class of leader signals, and achieve asymptotic tracking and disturbance rejection at the same time.
Robust dynamic surface trajectory tracking control for a quadrotor UAV via extended state observer
Authors: Shao Xingling , Liu Jun , Cao Huiliang , Shen Chong , Wang Honglun
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we present an extended state observer–based robust dynamic surface trajectory tracking controller for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle subject to parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. First, the original cascaded dynamics of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle is formulated in a strict form with lumped disturbances to facilitate the backstepping design. Second, based on the separate outer‐ and inner‐loop control methodologies, the extended state observers are constructed to online estimate the unmeasurable velocity states and lumped disturbances existed in translational and rotational dynamics, respectively. Third, to overcome the problem of “explosion of complexity” inherent in backstepping control, the technique of dynamic surface control is utilized for trajectory tracking and attitude stabilization, and with the velocity and disturbance estimates incorporated into the dynamic surface control, a robust dynamic surface flight controller that guarantees asymptotic tracking in the presence of lumped disturbances is synthesized. In addition, the stability analysis is given, showing that the present robust controller can ensure the ultimate boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system and make the tracking errors arbitrarily small. Finally, comparisons and extensive simulations under different flight scenarios are performed to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme in accurate tracking performance and enhanced antidisturbance capability.
Towards a systems approach for river basin management—Lessons fromAustralia's largest river
Authors: Thompson R.M. , Bond N. , Poff N.L. , Byron N.
Published: January 2018

Globally, large river systems have been extensively modified and are increasingly managed for a range of purposes including ecosystem services and ecological values. Key to managing rivers effectively are developing approaches that deal with uncertainty, are adaptive in nature, and can incorporate multiple stakeholders with dynamic feedbacks. Australia's largest river system, the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), has been extensively developed for shipping passage, irrigation, hydroelectric development, and water supply. Water development in the MDB over the last century resulted in overallocation of water resources and large‐scale environmental degradation throughout the Basin. Under the pressure of a significant drought, there was insufficient water to supply critical human, environmental, and agricultural needs. In response, a massive programme of water reform was enacted that resulted in considerable institutional, social, and economic change. The underlying policy was required to be enacted in an absence of certainty around the scientific basis, with an adaptive management focus to incorporate new knowledge. The resulting institutional arrangements were challenged by a need to generate new governance arrangements within the constraints of existing state and national structures. The ongoing reform and management of the MDB continues to challenge all parties to achieve optimization for multiple outcomes, and to communicate that effectively. As large‐scale water reform gains pace globally, the MDB provides a window of insight into the types of systems that may emerge and the challenges in working within them. Most particularly, it illustrates the need for much more sophisticated systems thinking that runs counter to the much more linear approaches often adopted in government.
Enabling the generation of web applications from mockups
Authors: D'Souza Chris , Deufemia Vincenzo , Ginige Athula , Polese Giuseppe
Published: January 2018

Mockups are widely used to elicit and validate user requirements in web applications, and several intuitive tools have been developed in recent years, actively involving the end user in the requirements solicitation process. However, most current web development approaches and tools discard mockups after the information‐gathering process, abandoning the opportunity to exploit underlying information in them for autogenerating functional web applications. To overcome this limitation, we have devised a method for deriving the database schema and the logic of the web application from the information contained within mockups. In particular, the method gathers clues on how to organize the data and the control flow of the web application by analyzing the structure and relationships of the widgets in the mockup. Based on the proposed method, we have implemented a tool supporting the generation of web applications abiding by the model‐view‐controller architectural pattern. The tool has been evaluated by involving several end users in the development of web applications for different domains.
Epigenetic Silencing of TAP1 in Aldefluor+ Breast Cancer Stem Cells Contributes to Their Enhanced Immune Evasion
Authors: Sultan Mohammad , Vidovic Dejan , Paine Arianne S. , Huynh Thomas T. , Coyle Krysta M. , Thomas Margaret L. , Cruickshank Brianne M. , Dean Cheryl A. , Clements Derek R. , Kim Youra , Lee Kristen , Gujar Shashi A. , Weaver Ian C.G. , Marcato Paola
Published: January 2018

Avoiding detection and destruction by immune cells is key for tumor initiation and progression. The important role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor initiation has been well established, yet their ability to evade immune detection and targeting is only partly understood. To investigate the ability of breast CSCs to evade immune detection, we identified a highly tumorigenic population in a spontaneous murine mammary tumor based on increased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. We performed tumor growth studies in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. In immunocompetent mice, growth of the spontaneous mammary tumor was restricted; however, the Aldefluor+ population was expanded, suggesting inherent resistance mechanisms. Gene expression analysis of the sorted tumor cells revealed that the Aldefluor+ tumor cells has decreased expression of transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes and co-stimulatory molecule CD80, which would decrease susceptibility to T cells. Similarly, the Aldefluor+ population of patient tumors and 4T1 murine mammary cells had decreased expression of TAP and co-stimulatory molecule genes. In contrast, breast CSCs identified by CD44+CD24− do not have decreased expression of these genes, but do have increased expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4. Decitabine treatment and bisulfite pyrosequencing suggests that DNA hypermethylation contributes to decreased TAP gene expression in Aldefluor+ CSCs. TAP1 knockdown resulted in increased tumor growth of 4T1 cells in immunocompetent mice. Together, this suggests immune evasion mechanisms in breast CSCs are marker specific and epigenetic silencing of TAP1 in Aldefluor+ breast CSCs contributes to their enhanced survival under immune pressure.
Characterization of a 3xTg‐AD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with the senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) background
Authors: Virgili Jessica , Lebbadi Meryem , Tremblay Cyntia , St‐Amour Isabelle , Pierrisnard Caroline , Faucher‐Genest Audrey , Emond Vincent , Julien Carl , Calon Frédéric
Published: January 2018

No model fully recapitulates the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the triple‐transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg‐AD) expresses Aβ plaques and tau‐laden neurofibrillary tangles, as well as synaptic and behavioral deficits, it does not display frank neuronal loss. Because old age is the most important risk factor in AD, senescence‐related interactions might be lacking to truly establish an AD‐like environment. To investigate this hypothesis, we bred the 3xTg‐AD mouse with the senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8), a model of accelerated aging. We generated four groups of heterozygous mice with either the SAMP8 or SAMR1 (senescence‐resistant‐1) genotype, along with either the 3xTg‐AD or non‐transgenic (NonTg) genotype. Despite no differences among groups in total latency to escape the Barnes maze, a greater number of errors were noticed before entering the target hole in 19‐month‐old P8/3xTg‐AD mice at day 5, compared to other groups. Postmortem analyses revealed increased cortical levels of phospho‐tau (Thr231) in female P8/3xTg‐AD mice (+277% vs. R1/3xTg‐AD mice), without other tau‐related changes. Female P8/3xTg‐AD mice exhibited higher cortical soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations (Aβ40, +85%; Aβ42, +35% vs. R1/3xTg‐AD), whereas insoluble forms remained unchanged. Higher Aβ42 load coincided with increased astroglial activation in female P8/3xTg‐AD mice, as measured with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (+57% vs. R1/3xTg‐AD mice). To probe neuronal degeneration, concentrations of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) were measured, but no differences were detected between groups. Altogether, the SAMP8 genotype had deleterious effects on spatial memory and exerted female‐specific aggravation of AD neuropathology without overt neurodegeneration in 3xTg‐AD mice.
Natural antisense transcripts in diseases: From modes of action to targeted therapies
Authors: Wanowska Elżbieta , Kubiak Magdalena Regina , Rosikiewicz Wojciech , Makałowska Izabela , Szcześniak Michał Wojciech
Published: January 2018

Antisense transcription is a widespread phenomenon in mammalian genomes, leading to production of RNAs molecules referred to as natural antisense transcripts (NATs). NATs apply diverse transcriptional and post‐transcriptional regulatory mechanisms to carry out a wide variety of biological roles that are important for the normal functioning of living cells, but their dysfunctions can be associated with human diseases. In this review, we attempt to provide a molecular basis for the involvement of NATs in the etiology of human disorders such as cancers and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the pros and cons of oligonucleotide‐based therapies targeted against NATs, and we comment on state‐of‐the‐art progress in this promising area of clinical research. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1461. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1461

This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule–RNA Interactions
Drivers of seasonal return patterns in German stocks
Authors: Weigerding Michael , Hanke Michael
Published: January 2018

Using a data set of German stocks that includes the financial crisis, this paper identifies market liquidity as the main driver of return seasonality. In comparison, the economic significance of order flow imbalance is markedly weaker. Applying panel regressions and controlling for unobserved effects, we investigate the effects of both variables simultaneously, together with dummies for calendar effects. US macroeconomic news announcements, which have been identified as one driver of return seasonality in previous studies using non-US data, are of little importance for our data set of German stocks.
Fratura pantrocantérica: incidência da complicação em pacientes com fratura trocantérica tratados com parafuso dinâmico de quadril em um hospital do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Guerra Marcelo , Giglio Luiz , Leite Bruno
Published: January 2018

Investigar a incidência de fraturas pantrocantéricas nos casos de fraturas trocantéricas tratadas com parafuso dinâmico de quadril em nosso serviço.

Uma amostra de 54 pacientes com fraturas trocantéricas tratadas com parafuso dinâmico de quadril foi incluída neste estudo retrospectivo. Foram avaliadas radiografias pré-cirúrgicas para classificação das fraturas com o sistema AO/OTA, identificação de osteoporose radiográfica e mensuração da espessura da cortical lateral, enquanto nas imagens pós-operatórias imediatas foi avaliada a presença de fratura pantrocantérica.

A amostra final apresentou a incidência de 16,7% de fraturas pantrocantéricas. A espessura da parede lateral foi significativamente mais baixa no grupo com a complicação (p < 0,001). Embora a incidência de fraturas classificadas como 31.A2 tenha sido maior no grupo com fratura pantrocantérica, a diferença não foi significativa (p = 0,456).

O percentual de fraturas pantrocantéricas nesse serviço encontra-se em acordo com trabalhos prévios. Houve associação entre espessura da cortical lateral e ocorrência de fratura iatrogênica da parede lateral. Não houve diferença significativa entre classificação das fraturas e fratura pantrocantérica, possivelmente devido ao tamanho da amostra.
Shale strata development problems and origin of the Bazhenov Formation fractures in the southeast of the West Siberian Plate
Authors: Belozerov V.B. , Krasnoshchekova L.A. , Merkulov V.P.
Published: January 2018

Shale strata development is one of the most promising trends for the hydrocarbon production increase within the West Siberian petroliferous province. The lack of understanding of fracturing mechanism, which is crucial for steady well production during hydraulic fracturing or drilling of horizontal wells, substantially restricts the choice of process capabilities for effective development of such horizons. This paper considers the Bazhenov Formation fractures based on the core data. The role of open and mineralized fractures (their slope angles, density, and specific surface) in the structure of bituminous shales is considered. Paleomagnetic orientation of the core samples with open fractures is implemented, and litho-petrographical description of the strata is made. The obtained results indicate that the planetary paleotension system of rocks controls the origin of open fractures in the Bazhenov Formation. Therefore, their spatial orientation and autogeneration capability can be used during the development of the bituminous shale strata.
Results of magnetotelluric surveyon reference geophysical profiles of the Karaton–Sarkamys block in Kazakhstan
Authors: Umirova G.K. , Istekova S.A. , Modin I.N.
Published: January 2018

A digital geoelectric model of the Karaton–Sarkamys block located in the southern (Kazakhstan) part of the Caspian Depression has been developed on the basis of processing and interpretation of magnetotelluric sounding data. Geoelectric sections and structural maps of geoelectric layers have been constructed. It has been shown that magnetotelluric sounding combined with seismic and GIS data can be efficiently used to obtain additional information on the lithologic and reservoir properties of petroleum plays.
Influence of optimally amplified streamwise streaks on the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability
Authors: Marant Mathieu , Cossu Carlo
Published: January 2018

The optimal energy amplifications of streamwise-uniform and spanwise-periodic perturbations of the hyperbolic-tangent mixing layer are computed and found to be very large, with maximum amplifications increasing with the Reynolds number and with the spanwise wavelength of the perturbations. The optimal initial conditions are streamwise vortices and the most amplified structures are streamwise streaks with sinuous symmetry in the cross-stream plane. The leading suboptimal perturbations have opposite (varicose) symmetry. When forced with finite amplitudes these perturbations modify the characteristics of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. Maximum temporal growth rates are reduced by optimal sinuous perturbations and are slightly increased by varicose suboptimal ones. In contrast, the onset of absolute instability is delayed by varicose suboptimal perturbations and is slightly promoted by sinuous optimal ones. We show that if, instead of the computed fully nonlinear basic-flow distortions, the stability analysis is based on a shape assumption for the flow distortions, then opposite effects on the flow stability are predicted in most of the considered cases. These strong differences are attributed to the spanwise-uniform component of the nonlinear basic-flow distortion which, we conclude, should be systematically included in sensitivity analyses of the stability of two-dimensional basic flows to three-dimensional basic-flow perturbations. We finally show that the leading-order quadratic sensitivity of the eigenvalues to the amplitude of the streaks is preserved if the effects of the mean flow distortion are included in the sensitivity analysis.
Characterisation of the Groningen subsurface for seismic hazard and risk modelling
Authors: Kruiver Pauline P. , Wiersma Ane , Kloosterman Fred H. , de Lange Ger , Korff Mandy , Stafleu Jan , Busschers Freek S. , Harting Ronald , Gunnink Jan L. , Green Russell A. , van Elk Jan , Doornhof Dirk
Published: January 2018

The shallow subsurface of Groningen, the Netherlands, is heterogeneous due to its formation in a Holocene tidal coastal setting on a periglacially and glacially inherited landscape with strong lateral variation in subsurface architecture. Soft sediments with low, small-strain shear wave velocities (VS30around 200 m s−1) are known to amplify earthquake motions. Knowledge of the architecture and properties of the subsurface and the combined effect on the propagation of earthquake waves is imperative for the prediction of geohazards of ground shaking and liquefaction at the surface. In order to provide information for the seismic hazard and risk analysis, two geological models were constructed. The first is the ‘Geological model for Site response in Groningen’ (GSG model) and is based on the detailed 3D GeoTOP voxel model containing lithostratigraphy and lithoclass attributes. The GeoTOP model was combined with information from boreholes, cone penetration tests, regional digital geological and geohydrological models to cover the full range from the surface down to the base of the North Sea Supergroup (base Paleogene) at ~800 m depth. The GSG model consists of a microzonation based on geology and a stack of soil stratigraphy for each of the 140,000 grid cells (100 m × 100 m) to which properties (VSand parameters relevant for nonlinear soil behaviour) were assigned. The GSG model serves as input to the site response calculations that feed into the Ground Motion Model. The second model is the ‘Geological model for Liquefaction sensitivity in Groningen’ (GLG). Generally, loosely packed sands might be susceptible to liquefaction upon earthquake shaking. In order to delineate zones of loosely packed sand in the first 40 m below the surface, GeoTOP was combined with relative densities inferred from a large cone penetration test database. The marine Naaldwijk and Eem Formations have the highest proportion of loosely packed sand (31% and 38%, respectively) and thus are considered to be the most vulnerable to liquefaction; other units contain 5–17% loosely packed sand. The GLG model serves as one of the inputs for further research on the liquefaction potential in Groningen, such as the development of region-specific magnitude scaling factors (MSF) and depth–stress reduction relationships (rd).
Development of seismicity and probabilistic hazard assessment for the Groningen gas field
Authors: Dost Bernard , Ruigrok Elmer , Spetzler Jesper
Published: January 2018

The increase in number and strength of shallow induced seismicity connected to the Groningen gas field since 2003 and the occurrence of aML3.6 event in 2012 started the development of a full probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) for Groningen, required by the regulator. Densification of the monitoring network resulted in a decrease of the location threshold and magnitude of completeness down to ~ML=0.5. Combined with a detailed local velocity model, epicentre accuracy could be reduced from 0.5–1km to 0.1–0.3km and a vertical resolution ~0.3km. Time-dependent seismic activity is observed and taken into account into PSHA calculations. Development of the Ground Motion Model for Groningen resulted in a significant reduction of the hazard. Comparison of different implementations of the PSHA, using different source models, based on either a compaction model and production scenarios or on extrapolation of past seismicity, and methods of calculation, shows similar results.
Fault reactivation mechanisms and dynamic rupture modelling of depletion-induced seismic events in a Rotliegend gas reservoir
Authors: Buijze Loes , van den Bogert Peter A.J. , Wassing Brecht B.T. , Orlic Bogdan , ten Veen Johan
Published: January 2018

Understanding the mechanisms and key parameters controlling depletion-induced seismicity is key for seismic hazard analyses and the design of mitigation measures. In this paper a methodology is presented to model in 2D the static stress development on faults offsetting depleting reservoir compartments, reactivation of the fault, nucleation of seismic instability, and the subsequent fully dynamic rupture including seismic fault rupture and near-field wave propagation. Slip-dependent reduction of the fault's strength (cohesion and friction) was used to model the development of the instability and seismic rupture. The inclusion of the dynamic calculation allows for a closer comparison to field observables such as borehole seismic data compared to traditional static geomechanical models. We applied this model procedure to a fault and stratigraphy typical for the Groningen field, and compared the results for an offset fault to a fault without offset. A non-zero offset on the fault strongly influenced the stress distribution along the fault due to stress concentrations in the near-fault area close to the top of the hanging wall and the base of the footwall. The heterogeneous stress distribution not only controlled where nucleation occurred within the reservoir interval, but also influenced the subsequent propagation of seismic rupture with low stresses inhibiting the propagation of slip. In a reservoir without offset the stress distribution was relatively uniform throughout the reservoir depth interval. Reactivation occurred at a much larger pressure decrease, but the subsequent seismic event was much larger due to the more uniform state of stress within the reservoir. In both cases the models predicted a unidirectional downward-propagating rupture, with the largest wave amplitudes being radiated downwards into the hanging wall. This study showed how a realistic seismic event could be successfully modelled, including the depletion-induced stressing, nucleation, dynamic propagation, and wave propagation. The influence of fault offset on the depletion-induced stress is significant; the heterogeneous stress development along offset faults not only strongly controls the timing and location of a seismic slip, but also influences the subsequent rupture size of the dynamic event.
Editorial
Authors: van Geuns Lucia , van Thienen-Visser Karin
Published: January 2018

This special issue of the Netherlands Journal of Geosciences / Geologie en Mijnbouw contains research papers offering important new insights into aspects of the occurrence of gas-production-induced seismicity in Groningen, the Netherlands. The issue is a ‘work in progress’ and provides a snapshot of our knowledge at the end of 2016, which is when most of the contributions were written.
Maternal early pregnancy obesity and depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy
Authors: Kumpulainen Satu M. , Girchenko Polina , Lahti-Pulkkinen Marius , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Tuovinen Soile , Pesonen Anu-Katriina , Heinonen Kati , Kajantie Eero , Villa Pia M. , Hämäläinen Esa , Laivuori Hannele , Räikkönen Katri
Published: January 2018

Background

Previous studies have linked maternal obesity with depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy. It remains unknown whether obesity associates with consistently elevated depressive symptoms throughout pregnancy, predicts symptoms postpartum when accounting for antenatal symptoms, and if co-morbid hypertensive and diabetic disorders add to these associations. We addressed these questions in a sample of Finnish women whom we followed during and after pregnancy.

Methods

Early pregnancy body mass index, derived from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and hospital records in 3234 PREDO study participants, was categorized into underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.99 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.99 kg/m2), and obese (⩾30 kg/m2) groups. The women completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale biweekly during pregnancy, and at 2.4 (s.d.= 1.2) and/or 28.2 (s.d.= 4.2) weeks after pregnancy.

Results

In comparison to normal weight women, overweight, and obese women reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and had higher odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms during (23% and 43%, respectively) and after pregnancy (22% and 36%, respectively). Underweight women had 68% higher odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms after pregnancy. Overweight and obesity also predicted higher depressive symptoms after pregnancy in women not reporting clinically relevant symptomatology during pregnancy. Hypertensive and diabetic disorders did not explain or add to these associations.

Conclusions

Maternal early pregnancy overweight and obesity and depressive symptoms during and after pregnancy are associated. Mental health promotion should be included as an integral part of lifestyle interventions in early pregnancy obesity and extended to benefit also overweight and underweight women.
A Preliminary Investigation of Pathways to Inflated Responsibility Beliefs in Children with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Collins Lindsey M. , Coles Meredith E.
Published: January 2018

Background: Cognitive theorists posit that inflated responsibility beliefs contribute to the development of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Salkovskis et al. (1999) proposed that experiencing heightened responsibility, overprotective parents and rigid rules, and thinking one influenced or caused a negative life event act as ‘pathways’ to the development of inflated responsibility beliefs, thereby increasing risk for OCD. Studies in adults with OCD and non-clinical adolescents support the link between these experiences and responsibility beliefs (Coles et al., 2015; Halvaiepour and Nosratabadi, 2015), but the theory has never been tested in youth with current OCD. Aims: We provided an initial test of the theory by Salkovskis et al. (1999) in youth with OCD. We predicted that childhood experiences proposed by Salkovskis et al. (1999) would correlate positively with responsibility and harm beliefs and OCD symptom severity. Method: Twenty youth with OCD (age 9‒16 years) completed a new child-report measure of the experiences hypothesized by Salkovskis et al. (1999), the Pathways to Inflated Responsibility Beliefs Scale-Child Version (PIRBS-CV). Youth also completed the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-Child Version (Coles et al., 2010) and the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (Foa et al., 2010). Results: Consistent with hypotheses, the PIRBS-CV was significantly related to responsibility and harm beliefs and OCD symptom severity. Conclusions: Results provide initial support for the theory proposed by Salkovskis et al. (1999) as applied to youth with OCD. Future studies are needed to further assess the model in early-onset OCD.
Population dynamics of the cashew leafminer, Eteoryctis gemoniella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), and inventory of its parasitoids in cashew orchards of Northern Benin, West Africa
Authors: Agboton Cyriaque , Onzo Alexis , Akohou Hermine A. , Goergen Georg , Vidal Stefan , Tamò Manuele
Published: January 2018

In this study, we investigate the spatio-temporal fluctuations of the cashew leafminer Eteoryctis gemoniella Stainton, which was recently reported as one of the most devastating cashew pests in Benin. Eteoryctis gemoniella causes serious damage, especially to the young tender leaves, thus reducing the photosynthetic capacity of trees and hence their productivity. This study was carried out in three different cashew orchards in Northern Benin, West Africa, where we monitored the fluctuations of the infestation rates and population changes of E. gemoniella during a one-year cycle, from September 2010 to August 2011. In addition, we collected cashew leaves with mines to check for emergence of hymenopteran parasitoids. Our results show that infestation rates (as well as population densities of E. gemoniella) varied through time and among orchards. The most infested orchard was at Korou, whereas, the least infested was at Okoutaossé. In general, infestation rates and number of mines per leaf passed through two peaks, the first in July–August and the second in November, whereas no infestations were observed from January to June. Spatial distribution pattern of E. gemoniella within the orchards showed that this moth almost has a random distribution. Parasitoids attacking the leafminer were recovered from the samples. These were Apanteles sp., Chelonus (Microchelonus) nr. curvimaculatus Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Trathala sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Further detailed studies on these natural enemies will be needed for evaluating their potential in controlling E. gemoniella in cashew orchards.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies common and rare variant metabolic QTLs in a Middle Eastern population
Authors: Yousri Noha A. , Fakhro Khalid A. , Robay Amal , Rodriguez-Flores Juan L. , Mohney Robert P. , Zeriri Hassina , Odeh Tala , Kader Sara Abdul , Aldous Eman K. , Thareja Gaurav , Kumar Manish , Al-Shakaki Alya , Chidiac Omar M. , Mohamoud Yasmin A. , Mezey Jason G. , Malek Joel A. , Crystal Ronald G. , Suhre Karsten
Published: January 2018

Metabolomics-genome-wide association studies (mGWAS) have uncovered many metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) influencing human metabolic individuality, though predominantly in European cohorts. By combining whole-exome sequencing with a high-resolution metabolomics profiling for a highly consanguineous Middle Eastern population, we discover 21 common variant and 12 functional rare variant mQTLs, of which 45% are novel altogether. We fine-map 10 common variant mQTLs to new metabolite ratio associations, and 11 common variant mQTLs to putative protein-altering variants. This is the first work to report common and rare variant mQTLs linked to diseases and/or pharmacological targets in a consanguineous Arab cohort, with wide implications for precision medicine in the Middle East.