bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding performance of joint ventures
Authors: D. Vivek Shiri , Glenn Richey R.
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the existing knowledge about joint ventures (JV) by modeling the interactional strength of fit between JV partners. The paper integrates different constructs from three theoretical perspectives most widely used in JV studies – trust and commitment from the relational perspective; opportunism and specific investments from the transaction cost perspective; and assesses the moderating role of fit from the contingency perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

– Quantitative data from JVs were collected using the survey method. Relationships in the moderated mediation model were tested using complex sets of hierarchical regression steps.

Findings

– Relational intentions of partners influence specific investments between the partners. The two together drive JV performance and their impact is moderated by the extent of fit between the partners. Thus, it is concluded that the strength of fit, as perceived by partners, influences the role of other constructs from the relational, transactional and contingency perspectives, which together can help us understand performance of JVs better.

Research limitations/implications

– An assessment of longitudinal view of the relational variables and subsequent performance can be captured in future. This research assesses fit based on compatibility, which assesses similarity as well as complementarity, primarily by way of harmony in different aspects. Future research could differentiate complementarity from similarity to further assess the impact of fit.

Practical implications

– The relational behavior of JV partners, or their rational approaches to resource seeking, will be optimally effective only when the fit between partner characteristics is high. While the relational or transactional approaches can evolve in JVs, the partners should assess the extent of fit before getting into a JV relationship.

Originality/value

– The research presents a holistic framework that draws from various theoretical perspectives. The results establish that contrary to its peripheral treatment in the literature, fit plays an important role and can modify the influence relational variables and specific investments can have on the performance of JVs.
Human resources and expatriate evacuation: a conceptual model
Authors: Fee Anthony , McGrath-Champ Susan , Liu Helena
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to introduce a conceptual model that integrates multi-disciplinary research in relation to crisis management, and to consider its application for international human resource managers in preventing and managing the evacuation of expatriate staff during crises.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper critically reviews and distils research into crisis and evacuation management, and examines its relevance to a generic framework of international human resource roles. The paper evaluates this body of literature and suggests potential research avenues from an international human resource perspective.

Findings

– The review reveals a dearth of research on emergency evacuation of expatriates from a human resources perspective. The paper articulates a framework that delineates what role human resource managers could, or should, play during crisis preparation and response. This framework aims to establish a basic “roadmap” for use by practitioners and researchers.

Originality/value

– Focusing on the human (rather than business) implications of crises, the paper links crisis management literature to the role of international human resource managers in supporting the health, safety, and security of international assignees during crises. A framework is presented which enables managers to map their current (and potential) contributions to preventing and managing expatriate evacuation. From this, several avenues of future research are drawn.
Management development and co-production: myths and realities
Authors: Fenwick John , McMillan Janice
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to address the relationship between public sector practitioners and academic providers in the design and delivery of management development programmes. What is the added value of HEI involvement in management development and does this intervention generate knowledge that could not be produced by the organisation alone? This paper offers a critical discussion of the concept of mutual co-production, arguing that management development programmes may address the organisational needs of clients, or those of providers, without necessarily representing creative and consensual co-creation.

Design/methodology/approach

– Discussion is drawn from qualitative interviews in Scotland and England with academics providing management development programmes, together with managers from two public sector organisations. Initial interviews carried out in 2011 were supplemented by additional interviews with academic providers in 2012.

Findings

– Management development programmes may serve primarily to address the internal objectives of client organisations and academic providers alike. True co-creation requires timescales and relationships of trust that need to be built over time.

Practical implications

– Critical insight into the commercial relationship between providers and public organisations enables greater clarity about what the provider is selling and what the organisation is buying. This contributes to conceptual understanding of the management development relationship, and, moreover, to open and effective practice.

Originality/value

– The paper critically addresses the management development relationship between client and provider and informs future practice and further research.
Action learning: understanding interpersonal relationships within learning sets
Authors: Yeadon-Lee Annie
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to respond to calls for research into the use of action learning in management education (Hay, 2011). It reports on student experiences of action learning in a final year module for part time Master of Business Administration students. It focuses specifically on the development of an understanding of the interpersonal relationships that existed within those action learning sets; both positive and negative. The paper then discusses the subsequent impact those dynamics may have on the effectiveness of the action learning process.

Design/methodology/approach

– An interpretivist philosophy underpins the research framework adopted in this paper. Data were captured by means of semi-structured questionnaires distributed at both the beginning and end of the module. The data were thematically analysed using open coding.

Findings

– The paper used two contrasting views of the interpersonal relationships in action learning sets: Revans’ (1982) “comrades in adversity” and Vince's (2004) “adversaries in commonality” as a framework for discussion. It found that various interpersonal dynamics existed within the sets, which in this case, had the ability to influence individual satisfaction and the overall effectiveness of the set.

Originality/value

– The findings provide insights, via participant voice, into aspects of interpersonal relationships within action learning sets. In particular, the politics and emotions that occur within the learning sets, whilst considering the subsequent impact on both participant satisfaction and the effectiveness of action learning sets.
Unlike chess, everyone must continue playing after a cyber-attack
Authors: Clark Michael , E. Harrell Charles
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– This paper aims to familiarize readers about the nature and extent of the risks that listed companies and their boards of directors face by not addressing their attention to insuring the cyber-security of their operations and not disclosing cyber-episodes and their impact on operations as suggested by the SEC's Division of Corporate Finance.

Design/methodology/approach

– This article provides an overview of recent developments that led the SEC's Division of Corporate Finance to issue a non-binding guidance on cyber-security, along with an analysis of the importance of cyber-security in today's marketplace, those business sectors that already must comply with statutory and regulatory duties to safeguard private information, the applicable duties of directors under Delaware law, and an overview of the enforcement activities against companies that have experienced data breaches, as well as a discussion of private class actions that have sought damages claimed to have resulted from the negligence of companies and their boards to fulfill their duties to protect such information from being stolen due to inadequate systems and protective measures.

Findings

– The SEC Division of Corporate Finance's voluntary disclosure guidance concerning cyber-security offers various, non-binding reasons for listed companies to report about cyber-events that may be material to a business operation or profitability. Listed companies and their boards face enforcement and private litigation risks in the event of a cyber-incident because of the heightened interest in cyber-security, the considerable costs likely incurred as a result of a cyber-event, and the duties they owe to exercise appropriate oversight in the face of known risks.

Originality/value

– The paper provides practical explanation of developing issues by experienced corporate and litigation lawyers.
The pragmatics and aesthetics of knowing: implications for online education
Authors: Chapman Jocelyn
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The aim of this paper is to contribute to making higher education, particularly online education, more relevant and inspiring by orienting it toward the pragmatics and aesthetics of knowing. This paper also demonstrates the relevance of cybernetics and cybernetic thinking in education today.

Design/methodology/approach

– The author's general strategy is to connect processes of knowing to the purpose of education, thus providing an organizing principle for the design and practice of online education. Nontrivial conversation and aesthetic experience are combined in a cybernetic complementarity, conceptualized as the processes that foster understanding. This serves the purpose of education, defined here as developing an understanding of how knowledge is constructed and fostering ways of knowing that are creative and complex.

Findings

– Because the world has become increasingly complex, ambiguous, and pluralistic, the type of thinking needed to act and interact in the world must also be complex, e.g. creative, adaptive, relational, and empathetic. Research shows that this type of thinking is brought forth by aesthetic experience and nontrivial conversation. Combining these as processes of knowing provides a non-dogmatic way of orienting education toward student-centered constructivist learning.

Originality/value

– Connecting nontrivial conversation and aesthetic experience as processes of knowing is an original contribution to education literature. This is also an exemplar of generating a cybernetic complementarity for conceptual modelling in education design. Anyone interested in how online education can extend efforts to transform higher education so it may better facilitate thinking in ways that are creative and complex will find this paper valuable.
An introduction to alysidal algebra (IV)
Authors: Usó-Domenech Jose-Luis , Antonio Nescolarde-Selva Josué
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– Deontical impure systems are systems whose object set is formed by an s-impure set, whose elements are perceptuales significances (relative beings) of material and/or energetic objects (absolute beings) and whose relational set is freeways of relations, formed by sheaves of relations going in two-way directions and at least one of its relations has deontical properties such as permission, prohibition, obligation and faculty. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– Mathematical and logical development of human society ethical and normative structure.

Findings

– Existence of relations with positive imperative modality (obligation) would constitute the skeleton of the system. Negative imperative modality (prohibition) would be the immunological system of protection of the system. Modality permission the muscular system, that gives the necessary flexibility. Four theorems have been formulated based on Gödel's theorem demonstrating the inconsistency or incompleteness of DISs. For each constructed systemic conception can happen to it one of the two following things: either some allowed responses are not produced or else some forbidden responses are produced. Responses prohibited by the system are defined as nonwished effects.

Originality/value

– This paper is a continuation of the four previous papers and is developed the theory of deontical impure systems.
Getting older
Authors: G. Pringle Susan
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– This paper offers a personal insight from a care professional into attitudes to the ageing process and being old.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper is an invited opinion piece and comment based on the author's experiences in dealing with the ageing and physical deterioration of close family members. It is an autobiographical reflection upon stereotypical views of ageing and how they might change.

Findings

– The degree of negativity of the perspective on ageing depends both on the “closeness” of the familial relationship, the demands thereby made on the individual and the chronicity of the physical deterioration of the ageing family member. Attitudes might change as a result of an ageing population that might become healthier than previous pensioned populations.

Originality/value

– Personal insights from experienced care professionals who still struggle with the emotional costs of the ageing of a relative can help the understanding of others who are dealing with similar situations. Even professionals face difficulties in confronting the ageing of loved ones and the practical issues involved with their care.
Charismatic leadership through the eyes of followers
Authors: Kempster Steve , Parry Ken
Published: November 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to try and explain what charismatic leadership might be, by finding out more about the other side of the relationship, the perspective of followers and their attitudes, feelings and responses to leaders.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors examined followers' implicit narratives of their lived experiences of charismatic leadership in organizational settings and examined metaphors for this experience.

Findings

– Most respondents identified with positive affect, a form of love story; a minority experienced negative affect, especially anger; and some experienced both positive and negative emotions. The authors suggest that if one adopts a certain identity within the context of a dramatic narrative, one might be attributed with charismatic qualities by followers. In this way, it is suggested that charismatic leadership might be less a “gift from God” and more a “gift from followers”.

Originality/value

– Most existing research on charismatic leadership has an essentialist orientation that characterizes it as leader behavior, leader communication or follower dependency. The authors' approach is more discursively oriented. To research charismatic leadership, aesthetic narrative positivism was used, which undertook utilitarian as well as critical method.
Biological legacies buffer local species extinction after logging
Authors: Rudolphi Jörgen , Jönsson Mari T. , Gustafsson Lena
Published: November 2013

Clearcutting has been identified as a main threat to forest biodiversity. In the last few decades, alternatives to clearcutting have gained much interest. Living and dead trees are often retained after harvest to serve as structural legacies to mitigate negative effects of forestry. However, this practice is widely employed without information from systematic before–after control‐impact studies to assess the processes involved in species responses after clearcutting with retention.

We performed a large‐scale survey of the occurrence of logging‐sensitive and red‐listed bryophytes and lichens before and after clearcutting with the retention approach. A methodology was adopted that, for the first time in studies on retention approaches, enabled monitoring of location‐specific substrates. We used uncut stands as controls to assess the variables affecting the survival of species after a major disturbance.

In total, 12 bryophyte species and 27 lichen species were analysed. All were classified as sensitive to logging, and most species are also currently red‐listed. We found that living and dead trees retained after final harvest acted as refugia in which logging‐sensitive species were able to survive for 3 to 7 years after logging. Depending on type of retention and organism group, between 35% and 92% of the species occurrences persisted on retained structures. Most species observed outside retention trees or patches disappeared.

Larger pre‐harvest population sizes of bryophytes on dead wood increased the survival probability of the species and hence buffered the negative effects of logging.

Synthesis and applications. Careful spatial planning of retention structures is required to fully embrace the habitats of logging‐sensitive species. Bryophytes and lichens persisted to a higher degree in retention patches compared to solitary trees or in the clearcut area. Retaining groups of trees in logged areas will help to sustain populations of species over the clearcut phase. When possible, old logs should be moved into retention patches to provide a more beneficial environment for dead wood‐dependent species. Our study also highlights the need for more before–after control‐impact studies of retention forestry to explore factors influencing the survival of species after logging.
The cumulative effect on sound levels from multiple underwater anthropogenic sound sources in shallow coastal waters
Authors: Pine Matthew K. , Jeffs Andrew G. , Radford Craig A.
Published: November 2013

Underwater anthropogenic sound levels in the ocean are increasing, and the evidence for impacts of sound on marine life is overwhelming. Currently, regulatory bodies require emitted sound from marine renewable energy projects to be assessed in order to infer potential impacts on marine life. Geometric spreading models are sometimes used to assess likely ecological impacts of anthropogenic sound by estimating the propagation of underwater sound without in situ verification.

This study investigated the propagation of anthropogenic sound in shallow waters (25–45 m deep) from a single monopole (a single loudspeaker) and twin monopole (two loudspeakers) sound sources replaying tidal turbine sound to approximate anthropogenic sound sources in this environment.

Greater sound levels at 100–800, 801–2000 and 2001–20 000 Hz were observed at all observation distances from the sound source for the twin monopole compared to the single monopole. These results suggest that the sound from multiple anthropogenic sound sources installed in one location is likely to be cumulative in the environment where their sound fields overlap.

Sound intensities observed in both the single monopole and twin monopole experiments for 0·1–20 kHz were higher than estimates derived from standard geometric spreading models for underwater sound by 3–41 dB across all measured distances from the source. The greatest difference from the theoretical spherical spreading model (41 dB) occurred at the site most distant from the twin monopole sound source, that is, 5 km.

Synthesis and applications. The results show that geometric models used by some regulatory bodies may be underestimating the spatial extent to which the anthropogenic underwater sound may be propagating and creating potential ecological impacts. Based on field measurements, we have presented an alternative model which should assist regulatory agencies to better estimate and manage ecological impacts from anthropogenic underwater sound.
Different open‐canopy vegetation types affect matrix permeability for a dispersing forest amphibian
Authors: Cline Brittany B. , Hunter Malcolm L.
Published: November 2013

Population viability often depends on conserving functional connectivity in fragmented landscapes. For pool‐breeding amphibians, population connectivity is largely maintained through juvenile dispersal, often through various vegetation types that may differ as filters or conduits to movement.

We quantified the relative permeability of different types of open‐canopy vegetation to juvenile wood frogsLithobates sylvaticusto determine whether this influences functional connectivity during dispersal.

We conducted experimental releases of juveniles (n = 561) in ten runways representing five treatments: hayfield, moderate‐cover lawn (45–85% cover), open lawn (0% cover), row crop (forage‐corn) and recent clear‐cut. Runways consisted of 35 × 2·5 m enclosures, located perpendicular to a forest edge and extending into treatment areas with tracking stations at 10, 20 and 30 m. As indices of permeability, we measured the number of animals traversing each station, the proportion changing direction, movement timing and movement rates.

Based on an index that compounds four metrics and scales them relative to mature forest as a control, permeability varied between open‐canopy cover types in the following order: row crop < hayfield < clear‐cut < open lawn < moderate‐cover lawn.

The highest proportions of individuals changed direction (towards forest) in the hayfield, moderate‐cover lawn and clear‐cut, suggesting that juveniles may make forays into the open and subsequently assess habitat. Nonetheless, individuals could eventually transit entire runways, indicated by overall recaptures at 30 m (e.g. hayfield, 29%; moderate‐cover lawn, 24%; and clear‐cut, 20%) at the end of our six‐week experiment.

Synthesis and applications. We provide quantitative evidence that open‐canopy cover types may act as differential ecological filters to ranging movements, and ultimately dispersal. Differences in the willingness of animals to enter treatments, coupled with motility and residency times, support the differing roles of open‐canopy vegetation as both filters and conduits to movement. Thus, it may be overly simplistic to estimate matrix permeability as uniformly low in models that predict movement in fragmented landscapes. To promote functional connectivity, modification of vegetation composition and configuration may provide an underutilized tool for conservation practitioners to reduce the effective isolation of habitat patches for post‐metamorphic amphibians.
How Well are Global Citizenries Informed about Democracy? Ascertaining the Breadth and Distribution of Their Democratic Enlightenment and its Sources
Authors: Cho Youngho
Published: November 2013

In recent years, an increasing number of scholars have made serious efforts to analyse how differently or similarly citizens of new and advanced democracies understand democracy. Unlike those research endeavours, this study attempts to evaluate how well or poorly global citizens are informed about democracy. Analysing the latest wave of the World Values Surveys, it demonstrates that the proportion of those well informed about democracy varies considerably across countries and within the population of each country. The well informed are most numerous among politically attentive citizens living especially in economically and democratically developed countries. This finding does not confirm the recently popular thesis of global democratisation that democratic political culture can emerge in any type of society within a relatively short period of time. Instead, it supports the long-standing Almond-Verba model of civic culture, which links cultural democratisation with socio-economic and political modernisation over an extended period of time.
The Longest Negotiation: British Policy, IRA Strategy and the Making of the Northern Ireland Peace Settlement
Authors: Ó Dochartaigh Niall
Published: November 2013

This article offers a new analysis of the Northern Ireland peace settlement through an examination of the pivotal relationship between two key actors: the British state and the Provisional Republican movement that included Sinn Féin and the IRA. It traces the negotiating relationship between these key parties and argues that the ending of violent conflict in the 1990s can best be understood as the outcome of a long bargaining process between these two actors that was conducted both tacitly and explicitly over a span of more than two decades. It concludes that the development of a cooperative relationship between the British state and the Provisional leadership and the active coordination of British policy and republican strategy were the crucial elements in securing an end to violence in the 1990s.
Infant mental health promotion and the discourse of risk
Authors: Lawless Angela , Coveney John , MacDougall Colin
Published: November 2013

The field of infant mental health promotion has rapidly developed in academia, health policy and practice. Although there are roots in earlier childhood health and welfare movements, recent developments in infant mental health promotion are distinct and different. This article examines the development and practice of infant mental health promotion in South Australia. A regional, intersectoral forum with a focus on families and young children was used as a case study. In‐depth interviews with forum members were analysed using a governmentality lens. Participants identified a range of risks to the healthy development of the infant. The study suggests that the construction of risk acts as a technique of governing, providing the rationale for intervention for the child, the mother and the public's good. It places responsibility on parents to self‐govern. Although the influence of broader social contexts is acknowledged, the problematisation of mothering as risk shifts the focus to individual capacity, rather than encompassing the systems and social conditions that support healthy relationships. This research suggests that the representations of risk are a pervasive and potent influence that can act to undermine health promotion efforts that seek to empower and enable people to have more control over their own health.
Caring for persons with schizophrenia at home: examining the link between family caregivers' role distress and quality of life
Authors: Quah Stella
Published: November 2013

This article re‐examines the link between role distress and quality of life of family caregivers of a loved one with schizophrenia by exploring the impact of role overload (defined as spending 7 or more hours daily looking after the care recipient). Role theory and symbolic interactionism provide the conceptual background to this study. The research question is: under what conditions does role distress reduce quality of life? The answer helps us identify circumstances under which caregivers may be able to carry out their stressful caregiving role while minimising a decline in their quality of life. The data are from a purposive sample of 47 family caregivers in Singapore who were interviewed in person using a semi‐structured questionnaire. The data analysis includes non‐parametric tests, exploratory factor analysis and relative risks estimates. The findings show that the inverse association between role distress and quality of life found in most studies of family caregivers changes when hours of care are taken into consideration. While role distress is found among all family caregivers it only reduces the family caregiver's quality of life in situations of role overload. The implications for the situation of family caregivers are discussed.
Therapeutic journeys: the hopeful travails of stem cell tourists
Authors: Petersen Alan , Seear Kate , Munsie Megan
Published: November 2013

The recent growth of so‐called stem cell tourism reflects the high optimism that currently surrounds stem cell science. Stem cell treatments for various conditions are increasingly advertised over the Internet as being available at hospitals and clinics around the world. However, most are clinically unproven. Despite numerous warnings from scientists about the dangers posed by such treatments, many individuals are evidently prepared to take the risk, sometimes on more than one occasion. This article explores the dynamics of hope that underpin stem cell tourism. Drawing on ideas from the sociology of hope, as applied to biomedicine, the article explores how hope is constructed and shapes actions in relation to stem cell treatments. Making reference to the findings from an Australian study of patients and carers who travelled overseas to receive stem cell treatments, it is argued that hope has an ambiguous significance in the context of deregulated health care. As we explain, this has implications for patients' and carers' treatment decisions and experiences. The findings are discussed in light of current responses to stem cell tourism.
Reduplicated demonstratives in ancient Indo‐European languages
Authors: de Vaan Michiel
Published: November 2013

This paper discusses the occurrence of reduplicated demonstrative pronouns in the older Indo‐European languages and analyses their usage in the light of general linguistic insights into reduplication and demonstrative pronouns. The main aim is to find out whether the attested and reconstructed reduplicated demonstratives were inherited from Proto‐Indo‐European or arose at a later stage in the individual branches. I will discuss evidence from Sanskrit, Ancient Greek, the ancient Italic languages (Latin and the Sabellic branch), and the Celtic languages.
Learning from Home: Discourses on Education and Domestic Visual Culture in Early Modern Italy
Authors: Evangelisti Silvia
Published: November 2013

This article focuses on the idea of domestic education in sixteenth‐ and seventeenth‐century Italy. Drawing on the cross‐reading of a selection of two different sets of printed sources – pedagogical tracts, and art tracts which largely intersected with Catholic aims of religious reform and the creation of a confessional state and society – the article discusses the educational value that was attributed to the home environment, in its private, public and political dimensions, and the relevance which was attached to domestic visual and material culture and to the senses as learning tools to be used by children of different gender, age and class. Debates about education uncover less‐known aspects of domesticity while suggesting the possibility to explore the continuities that might have existed between pre‐modern notions of education and modern ones.
Reliable protocols for whole‐mount fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH) in the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum: A comprehensive survey and analysis
Authors: Chung Chen‐yo , Cook Charles E. , Lin Gee‐way , Huang Ting‐Yu , Chang Chun‐che
Published: November 2013

RNAin situhybridization (ISH), including chromogenic ISH (CISH) and fluorescent ISH (FISH), has become a powerful tool for revealing the spatial distribution of gene transcripts in model organisms. Previously, we developed a robust protocol for whole‐mount RNA CISH in the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum, an emerging insect genomic model. In order to improve the resolving capacity of gene detection, we comprehensively surveyed current protocols of whole‐mount RNA‐FISH and developed protocols that allow, using confocal microscopy, clearer visualization of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) – including those subcellularly localized and those with spatially overlapping expression. We find that Fast dye‐based substrate fluorescence (SF), tyramide signal amplification (TSA), and TSA Plus all enable identifying gene expression thanks to multiplex amplification of fluorescent signals. By contrast, methods of direct fluorescence (DF) do not allow visualizing signals. Detection of a single gene target was achieved with SF and TSA Plus for most mRNAs, whereas TSA only allowed visualization of abundant transcripts such asApvas1andAppiwi2in the germ cells. For detection of multiple gene targets using double FISH, we recommend: (i) TSA/TSA, rather than TSA Plus/TSA Plus for colocalized mRNAs abundantly expressed in germ cells, as proteinase K treatment can be omitted; and (ii) SF/TSA Plus for other gene targets such asApen1andApen2as inactivation of enzyme conjugates is not required. SF/SF is not ideal for double FISH experiments due to signal blurring. Based on these new conditions for RNA‐FISH, we have obtained a better understanding of germline specification and embryonic segmentation in the pea aphid. We anticipate that the RNA‐FISH protocols for the pea aphid may also be used for other aphids and possibly other insect species, thus expanding the range of species from which useful insights into development and evolution may be obtained.
The impact of arthritis on pain and quality of life: an Australian survey
Authors: Hunter David J. , Riordan Edward A.
Published: November 2013

Objective

To determine the impact of arthritis pain and quality of life among adults with arthritis‐related pain in Australia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted on a convenience sample of adults with arthritis‐related pain in Australia from an access research panel. The survey was administered to 1039 participants who reported experiencing pain or loss of mobility as a result of their arthritis. The survey covered details of their condition, descriptions of the pain, impacts of pain on their daily lives, information regarding pain management and medication, the Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP) tool, the EQ5D (a standardized measure of health tool) and demographic information.

Results

Osteoarthritis (OA) was the most common form of arthritis (69% of respondents). The back (65%), knees (64%) and fingers (61%) were the regions in which pain was most commonly reported; 87% of respondents reported that their pain tended to change in intensity, with exercise and cold weather producing significantly increased levels of pain. Forty‐seven percent of patients reported that the worst impact of arthritis was on their capacity to carry out activities of daily living. The majority of patients (71%) found their pain management programs to be of ‘medium effectiveness’ or ‘fairly effective’, although 17% described it as ineffective.

Conclusion

Persons with arthritis in Australia demonstrate marked pain‐related functional impairment characterized by difficulty with many aspects of daily activity. The results suggest that a substantial benefit may be derived from increased awareness of the disease and increased knowledge about the potential for improved management.
Cross Purposes: Love and Purity at a Puerto Rican Protestant High School
Authors: Seale‐Collazo James
Published: November 2013

A “native” Christian ethnographer finds religious education at this church‐sponsored school to pursue two distinct, and occasionally conflicting, curricula: “love” and “purity.” The curriculum of love draws on what Turner called liminality and communitas in an effort to promote spiritual “encounters with God,” whereas the curriculum of purity stresses adult–student hierarchies as students are urged to reject “worldly” popular culture. Adults were caught between the two goals when one student asserted a gay identity.
Inheritance, Heritage, and the Disinherited: Ambiguities of Religious Pedagogy in the Moroccan Public School
Authors: Boutieri Charis
Published: November 2013

This article investigates howMoroccan public high‐school students experience religious pedagogy. Probing the linguistic ideology that underpins their religious training, the article exposes the ambiguities inherent in educationalArabization, a project set on safeguarding the state's sacredness while mediating an agenda of indigenous modernization. Student skepticism toward the state's moral authority indicates that religious pedagogy must be explored through the lenses of process and approximation with an attention to paradoxes, ironies, and unanticipated outcomes.
Pedagogies of Affection: The Role of Exemplariness and Emulation in Learning Processes—Extracurricular Islamic Education in the Fethullah Gülen Community in Istanbul
Authors: Vicini Fabio
Published: November 2013

Based on a fieldwork experience of cohabitation withinGülen community's housing system, the article analyzes the way older students act as both role models and sympathetic guides for younger students’ spiritual maturation process. In contrast to some recent learning theories that emphasize the active role of apprentices, the focus here is on educators’ specific pedagogical interventions through guidance and emulation, and the role these play in young people's learning processes, particularly within religious contexts. In so far as the paper draws attention to the implicit side of education, it also aims to overcome the conscious/unconscious polarity to which the debate onhabitusruns the risk of being reduced.
Cultivating Discontinuity: Pentecostal Pedagogies of Yielding and Control
Authors: Brahinsky Josh
Published: November 2013

Exploring missionary study at an Assemblies of God Bible college through ethnography and training manuals demonstrates systematic pedagogies that cultivate sensory capabilities encouraging yielding, opening to rupture, and constraint. Ritual theory and the Anthropology of Christianity shift analytic scales to include “cultivation,” a “third term” enabling simultaneous apprehension and consolidating of the oppositions (experience–doctrine, revival–church, or spontaneous rupture–restrained continuity) internal and central to Pentecostalism. Further, cultivation complicates valorizations of the disjunctive “event” as militant radical icon.
Cutaneous reactive angiomatosis associated with erythema ab igne
Authors: Palmer Matthew J , Lee Adriene , O'Keefe Rod
Published: November 2013

We present the case of a 49‐year‐old man with an 18‐month history of an intermittently pruritic red‐brown reticulate eruption of the medial legs, with occasional blistering. There were areas of scale, crust and superficial erosions. The patient worked long overnight shifts standing in front of hot machinery wearing shorts, and spent time sitting in front of a heater at home. A clinical diagnosis of erythema ab igne (EAI) was made. This settled with heater avoidance and protection of the legs with long trousers, as well as a topical corticosteroid. Histology showed features of cutaneous reactive angiomatosis, a rare condition with various associations but only previously reported once in association with EAI.
Mutations in KCNJ5 determines presentation and likelihood of cure in primary hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Ip Julian C. Y. , Pang Tony C. Y. , Pon Cindy K. , Zhao Jing Ting , Sywak Mark S. , Gill Anthony J. , Soon Patsy S. , Sidhu Stan B.
Published: November 2013

Introduction

Primary hyperaldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension. Two recurrent mutations (G151R and L168R) in the potassium channel gene KCNJ5 have been identified that affect the Kir3.4 potassium channel found in the cells of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of KCNJ5 mutations in an Australian cohort of patients and to correlate these findings with clinical outcome data, in order to describe the clinical impact on patients who harbour this mutation.

Methods

Direct Sanger sequencing for KCNJ5 on DNA from adrenal tumour tissue of 83 patients with PA in a cohort study was undertaken and mutation status correlated with clinical outcome data.

Results

Seventy‐one of 83 patients (86%) had adrenocortical adenomas and 12 patients (14%) had bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. A total of 34 (41%) patients were found to have heterozygous somatic mutations in KCNJ5, G151R and L168R. No germ line mutations were identified. Patients with mutations were predominately female (68% versus 49%) and significantly younger at presentation (48 versus 55 years). When correlated with clinical data, our results demonstrated that patients with KCNJ5 mutations were more likely to be cured following surgery without the requirement for ongoing medications.

Conclusions

Our findings in a large Australian cohort show that patients with mutations in KCNJ5 present earlier with the signs and symptoms of PA benefit from surgical intervention. Moreover, our results highlight the importance of a thorough workup and management plan for younger patients who present with hypertension.
Family history of mental conditions in the preventive paediatric primary care: is it really used? Case of the Netherlands
Authors: Syurina Elena V , Hens Kristien , Dondorp Wybo J , Feron Frans JM
Published: November 2013

Aim

Many child‐onset mental health diseases have strong epigenetic links, but no genetic tests are yet available for them. Family history (FH) information in paediatric primary care should be promoted to assist decision‐making. This study aims to explore the extent of the real‐life use of the FH for mental health issues by paediatric physicians.

Methods

The medical records of 474 children (31.5% female), referred to the specialised mental health care services in the Netherlands, were used. Data were retrospectively extracted from the medical files, according to a list of 15 criteria regarding the use of FH information.

Results

The FH was explored in the form of a diagnosis and was presented at birth in 88.3% of cases and in half of the files at 5 years. Negative FH and the age of relatives at the time of diagnosis were virtually not mentioned. FH was present in more reports from the specialists, than in referral letters.

Conclusion

Despite the high importance of FH for primary paediatric care, this study shows that FH is underreported in practice. We should promote structural FH taking to increase how often it is used to treat children who do not meet criteria for definitive diagnosis.
Obligation and Entitlement in Society and the Workplace
Authors: Brummel Bradley J. , Parker Kelsey N.
Published: November 2013

This paper describes a model of self‐perceptions about what is owed and what is deserved in society based on research on self‐interest and other‐orientation. Scales measuring obligation and entitlement were developed using the responses of over 10,000 participants from around the world. Results show that obligation and entitlement are not ends on the same self‐interest continuum but are better conceptualised as independent constructs. Obligation and entitlement were also shown to predict prosocial behavior including interpersonal organisational citizenship behaviors, volunteering, and charitable giving. Geographical differences in obligation and entitlement suggest that these constructs may be useful for understanding cultural differences in social investment around the world. A second study of employees in the United States investigated the role of obligation and entitlement in predicting work engagement and effectiveness in the workplace. Obligation predicted engagement and organisational citizenship behaviors, while entitlement was generally less predictive of workplace attitudes and behaviors. This paper concludes with a number of future directions for the continued study of obligation and entitlement in the workplace.
Highlands of history: Indigenous identity and its antecedents in Cambodia
Authors: Padwe Jonathan
Published: November 2013

The notion that Cambodia's highland people may claim a distinct ‘Indigenous’ identity has emerged only recently in Cambodia. To date, advocacy for rights under the banner of indigeneity has produced few results for highlanders. Among the problems faced by advocates for Indigenous rights, problems of definition and translation represent an important challenge. Arguing that concepts like ‘Indigeneity’ are not simply adopted ex nihilo in new settings, but are rather incorporated into existing structures of meaning, this paper explores culturally produced understandings of who highlanders are, concentrating in particular on the way that the term ‘Indigenous’ has been translated into Khmer. The use of the Khmer word daeum, or ‘original’, to distinguish between Indigenous and other forms of ethnic belonging in the newly derived translation of ‘Indigenous Peoples’ points to historically sedimented beliefs about highlanders as living ancestors of modern Khmers.
Taking stock of community‐based climate‐change adaptation projects in the Pacific
Authors: McNamara Karen Elizabeth
Published: November 2013

A number of international donors have in recent years shown great interest in implementing community‐based projects related to adaptation to climate change climate‐ in the Pacific. This interest has seen a flurry of activity in Pacific communities to develop and implement on‐ground activities in the hope of enhancing adaptive capacity. This article draws on the results of a questionnaire completed by 31 agencies that have implemented climate‐change adaptation projects in various communities throughout the Pacific region. The impetus for this research is to better understand the types of projects that have been implemented, and assess their levels of success in safeguarding communities in the face of climate change. While there has been limited overall progress made across the region to address climate change impacts at the community level, four broad‐brush lessons that relate to the process of project development and implementation are drawn from this research. These lessons include the need to: provide locally and culturally appropriate community awareness and education; integrate local environmental knowledge throughout the project cycle; ensure that community ownership is involved in all project stages; and enhance sustainable livelihood resources more broadly.
Survival outcomes after radical and partial nephrectomy for clinical T2 renal tumours categorised by R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score
Authors: Kopp Ryan P. , Mehrazin Reza , Palazzi Kerrin L. , Liss Michael A. , Jabaji Ramzi , Mirheydar Hossein S. , Lee Hak J. , Patel Nishant , Elkhoury Fuad , Patterson Anthony L. , Derweesh Ithaar H.
Published: November 2013

Objective

We evaluated survival outcomes of partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN) for clinical T2 renal masses (cT2RM) controlling for R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score.

Patients and Methods

A two‐centre study comprised of 202 patients with cT2RM who underwent RN (122) or PN (80) between July 2002 and June 2012 (median follow‐up 41.5 months). Kaplan−Meier analysis compared overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) among the entire cohort and within categories of R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score of ≥10 and <10. Association between procedure and PFS and OS was analysed using Cox‐proportional hazard.

Results

There were no significant differences between PN and RN in clinical T stage and R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores. For RN and PN, the 5‐year PFS was 69.8% and 79.9% (P = 0.115), CSS was 82.5% and 86.7% (P = 0.407), and OS was 80% and 83.3% (P = 0.291). Cox regression showed no association between RN vs PN and PFS; a R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score of ≥10 was associated with a shorter PFS (hazard ratio 6.69, P = 0.002). Kaplan–Meier analysis for RN vs PN showed no difference in PFS for entire cohort or within the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score categories of ≥10 and <10. The PFS was better for those with R.E.N.A.L nephrometry scores of <10 vs ≥10 (P < 0.001) and for cT2a vs cT2b tumours (P = 0.012). OS was no different between cT2a and cT2b tumours; patients with R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores of ≥10 were more likely to die from disease (P < 0.001) or any cause (P < 0.001) vs those with R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores of <10.

Conclusions

PN may be oncologically effective for cT2RM. A R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score of ≥10 is negatively associated with OS among cT2RM compared with a score of <10 and provides additional risk assessment beyond clinical T stage. Further follow‐up and prospective randomised investigation is requisite to confirm efficacy of PN for cT2RM.