bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real‐world safety and effectiveness of cenobamate in patients with focal onset seizures: Outcomes from an Expanded Access Program
Authors: Villanueva Vicente , Santos‐Carrasco Daniel , Cabezudo‐García Pablo , Gómez‐Ibáñez Asier , Garcés Mercedes , Serrano‐Castro Pedro , Castro‐Vilanova Maria D. , Sayas Débora , Lopez‐Gonzalez Francisco J. , Rodríguez‐Osorio Xiana , Torres‐Gaona Gustavo , Saiz‐Diaz Rosa A. , Hampel Kevin G. , Martinez‐Ferri Meritxell , Aguilar‐Amat Maria J. , Mercedes‐Alvarez Blanca , García‐Morales Vanessa , del Villar‐Igea Ana , Massot‐Tarrús Andreu , Rodríguez‐Uranga Juan J.
Published: May 2023

Objective

This study investigated early, real‐world outcomes with cenobamate (CNB) in a large series of patients with highly drug‐resistant epilepsy within a Spanish Expanded Access Program (EAP).

Method

This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study in 14 hospitals. Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years, focal seizures, and EAP authorization. Data were sourced from patient clinical records. Primary effectiveness endpoints included reductions (100%, ≥90%, ≥75%, and ≥50%) or worsening in seizure frequency at 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month visits and at the last visit. Safety endpoints included rates of adverse events (AEs) and AEs leading to discontinuation.

Results

The study included 170 patients. At baseline, median epilepsy duration was 26 years and median number of seizures/month was 11.3. The median number of prior antiseizure medications (ASMs) and concomitant ASMs were 12 and 3, respectively. Mean CNB dosages/day were 176 mg, 200 mg, and 250 mg at 3, 6, and 12 months. Retention rates were 98.2%, 94.5%, and 87% at 3, 6, and 12 months. At last available visit, the rate of seizure freedom was 13.3%; ≥90%, ≥75%, and ≥50% responder rates were 27.9%, 45.5%, and 63%, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the number of seizures per month (mean: 44.6%; median: 66.7%) between baseline and the last visit (P < 0.001). Responses were maintained regardless of the number of prior or concomitant ASMs. The number of concomitant ASMs was reduced in 44.7% of patients. The cumulative percentage of patients with AEs and AEs leading to discontinuation were 68.2% and 3.5% at 3 months, 74.1% and 4.1% at 6 months, and 74.1% and 4.1% at 12 months. The most frequent AEs were somnolence and dizziness.

Significance

In this highly refractory population, CNB showed a high response regardless of prior and concomitant ASMs. AEs were frequent but mostly mild‐to‐moderate, and few led to discontinuation.
Chemical compositions and biological activities of Serevenia buxifolia essential oil leaves cultivated in Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue)
Authors: Bui Anh Vo , Pham Thanh Vy , Nguyen Kim Ngan , Nguyen Nhat Tan , Huynh Khanh Duy , Dang Van‐Son , Ruml Tomas , Truong Dieu‐Hien
Published: May 2023

Serevenia buxifolia is an evergreen citrus plant and has attracted considerable attention due to its bioactive components and biological activities. In the present study, the essential oil (EO) from S. buxifolia cultivated in Vietnam was demonstrated to exhibit the in vitro antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti‐hemolysis, anti‐inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Briefly, the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the leaf EO of S. buxifolia was composed of 33 components, with the main constituents being β‐carypphyllene (32.5%), and elixene (9.8%). The extracted oil possessed a fairly high free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with an IC50 value of 190.7 μg/mL compared with positive control, α‐tocopherol, IC50 value of 42.6 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited thrombolytic activity: the percentage of inhibition was found to be 70.75% at 100 μL, in comparison with 87.2% for the positive control, streptokinase. For hemolytic activity, the percentage of inhibition of the EO was from 27.4% to 59.6% at concentrations from 10 to 100 μg/mL, respectively. The results of in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity indicated that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves effectively protects the heat‐induced denaturation, with an IC50 value of 40.25 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited antidiabetic potential, with IC50 values of 87.8 and 134.9 μg/mL against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, respectively. It is noteworthy that the potent biological activities of the obtained S. buxifolia oil increased in a dose‐dependent manner. The results achieved show that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves can be a potential source for oxidative stress, inflammatory, and diabetic management.
Long‐term outcomes of modern multidisciplinary management of sinonasal cancers: The M. D. Anderson experience
Authors: Bahig Houda , Ehab Hanna Y. , Garden Adam S. , Ng Sweet Ping , Frank Steven J. , Nguyen Theresa , Gunn Gary B. , Rosenthal David I. , Fuller Clifton D. , Ferrarotto Renata , Bell Diana , Su Shirley , Phan Jack
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To report long‐term outcomes of modern radiotherapy for sinonasal cancers.

Methods and materials

A retrospective analysis of patients with sinonasal tumors treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy or proton therapy. Multivariate analysis was used to determine predictive variables of progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Three hundred and eleven patients were included, with median follow‐up of 75 months. The most common histologies were squamous cell (42%), adenoid cystic (15%), and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (15%). Induction chemotherapy was administered to 47% of patients; 68% had adjuvant radiotherapy. Ten‐year local control, regional control, distant metastasis free survival, PFS, and overall survival rates were 73%, 88%, 47%, 32%, and 51%, respectively. Age, non‐nasal cavity tumor site, T3‐4 stage, neck dissection, and radiation dose were predictive of PFS, while age, non‐nasal cavity tumor site, T3‐4 stage, positive margins, neck dissection, and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were predictive of OS. There was a 13% rate of late grade ≥3 toxicities.

Conclusion

This cohort of patients with sinonasal cancer treated with modern radiotherapy demonstrates favorable disease control rate and acceptable toxicity profile.
The effect of work stress on turnover intention amongst family doctors: A conditional process analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Chen Xin , Dai Liyi , Long Yulin , Wang Zhuo , Shindo Kenyiti
Published: May 2023

Objective

To explore describe the mechanism between work stress, job satisfaction, perceived organizational support and turnover intention amongst family doctors in China, and to provide reference for improving the brain drain of family doctors.

Method

Using convenience sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 2358 family doctors in 13 provinces in eastern, central and western China. Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to explore the effects of job stress, job satisfaction and perceived organizational support on family doctors' turnover intention.

Results

Family doctors' work stress was positively correlated with turnover intention (β = 0.631, p＜0.001), job satisfaction played a partial mediating role in the influence path of work stress on turnover intention (β = 0.9175, p＜0.001), perceived organizational support played a moderating role in the relationship between work stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention (β = 0.124, p＜0.05; β = −0.022, p＜0.05).

Conclusion

Hospital managers should take corresponding measures to reduce the work stress of family doctors, improve their job satisfaction, and provide more support and attention to family doctors to ensure the stable development of family doctors in China.
Will I love my second baby as much as my first? Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of maternal‐fetal relationship anxiety for second‐time mothers
Authors: Volling Brenda L. , Tan Lin , Rosenberg Lauren , Bader Lauren R.
Published: May 2023

Most mothers have more than one child. Second‐time mothers may worry about whether they will love the second baby as much as their first child. The current study examined mothers’ maternal‐fetal relationship anxiety (MFRA) to their second baby, the prediction of mother‐infant bonding (MIB) and infant‐mother attachment security post‐partum, and the psychosocial correlates of mothers’ MFRA during pregnancy. Mothers (N = 241, 85.9% White, 5.4% Black, 2.9% Asian/American, 3.7% Latina) and their second‐born infants (55% boys) living in the Midwestern United States participated in a longitudinal investigation starting in the last trimester of pregnancy, and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months postpartum. Most women reported little to no anxiety about forming an attachment to their second baby (89.1%). MFRA predicted less maternal warmth toward the baby at 1, 4, and 8 months postpartum, but did not predict security of the infant‐mother attachment at 12 months. Prenatal MFRA was also related to maternal depressive symptoms, an insecure attachment with the first child, more marital distress, and more adult attachment avoidance and ambivalence prenatally. Mothers worrying about loving a second baby as much as their first child may be experiencing other psychosocial risks that have repercussions for the developing mother‐infant relationship.
Dental students’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about marijuana and its effects on patients’ oral health
Authors: Grover Simran , McDonough Robert , Smaellie Kendrick
Published: May 2023

Purpose/Objectives

This article seeks to determine dental students’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions toward patients’ marijuana use and whether dental students would like additional marijuana education.

Methods

Predoctoral dental students were invited in 2021 to complete a questionnaire regarding marijuana's oral health effects, their comfort discussing marijuana with patients and their interest in additional training.

Results

Among participants (n = 206, 32.7% response rate), most were familiar with smoked, smokeless and edible methods, but only 39.3% were familiar with topical applications. Only 29.6% of preclinical and 32.2% of clinical Doctor of Dental Medicine students agreed that smoking marijuana was detrimental to one's health, compared to 64.6% of internationally trained Advanced Standing students. Significantly more clinical students (70.6%) could identify how often they treat patients having used marijuana compared to the estimates of preclinical students (36.7%), although 44.2% of all students indicated they were unsure. Not surprisingly, more preclinical students were uncomfortable treating patients during routine dental procedures (45.6% preclinical vs. 32.8% clinical) and when administering local anesthesia (45.6% preclinical vs. 38.8% clinical) due to not yet providing direct patient care. A majority of both preclinical (92.2%) and clinical (89.7%) students agreed they would benefit from more marijuana education. Clinical students preferred adding a brief introductory seminar while preclinical students preferred multiple lectures throughout the curriculum.

Conclusion

As states legalize medical and recreational marijuana use, dental schools need to evaluate marijuana education in their curriculum and develop resources so students can feel comfortable and confident in their ability to identify and safely treat patients who use marijuana.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in patients enrolled on the Children's Oncology Group standard‐risk B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia trial, AALL1731
Authors: Elgarten Caitlin W. , Kairalla John A. , Thompson Joel C. , Miller Tamara P. , Wang Cindy , Conway Susan , Loh Mignon L. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Gupta Sumit , Rau Rachel E. , Angiolillo Anne , Rabin Karen R. , Alexander Sarah
Published: May 2023

Hematologic malignancy is a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in adults; however, data specific to children with leukemia are limited. High‐quality infectious adverse event data from the ongoing Children's Oncology Group (COG) standard‐risk B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL/LLy) trial, AALL1731, were analyzed to provide a disease‐specific estimate of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection outcomes in pediatric ALL. Of 253 patients with reported infections, the majority (77.1%) were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic (CTCAE grade 1/2) and there was a single COVID‐19‐related death. These data suggest SARS‐CoV‐2 infection does not confer substantial morbidity among young patients with B‐lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B‐ALL/LLy).
Research on parameter extraction of thin‐film transistors based on swarm intelligence
Authors: Liu Peng , Liu Bailing , Feng Jing , Wang Zhichong , Zhang Qian , Tang Xiaojun , Li Yang , Yuan Guangcai , Dong Xue
Published: May 2023

The development of integrated circuits for displays and other applications requires semiconductor device models and appropriate parameter extraction techniques to predict and understand the circuit behavior. These techniques are paramount in reducing design errors and shortening the product development cycle. This paper presents an algorithm that employed swarm intelligence in exploring an automated and accurate parameter extraction technology. First, an automatic parameter extraction of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Model for polysilicon thin‐film transistor (Poly‐Si TFT) is achieved by genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Compared with the best solution of the GA algorithm for automatic parameter extraction, the PSO outperformed the GA. However, it still prematurely converges to the suboptimal solution henceforth cannot obtain the expected solution accuracy. Second, the mutual learning particle swarm optimization (MLPSO) algorithm is proposed that introduces the concept of “mutual learning.” The new algorithm aims to find the global optimum in getting suitable trade‐off between exploration and exploitation. In addition, the MLPSO algorithm implemented the novel random initialization and fitness function in simplifying the complex manual processes and the empirical calibration, and it led to achieving automatic and accurate parameters extraction.
A Straightforward 3‐Step Method for Identifying the Sacroiliac Joint Using Ultrasonography
Authors: Ekici Burak , Yildizgoren Mustafa Turgut
Published: May 2023

Blind injections of the proximal sacroiliac joint have a low success rate. Blind injections of the distal, on the other hand, are risky due to the proximity of the sacral foramen. Therefore, ultrasound guidance is required in sacroiliac joint injections.
Association of circulating branched chain fatty acids with insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in the PROMISE cohort
Authors: Yehia Nagam A. , Isai Liridona , Semnani‐Azad Zhila , Lai Kira Zhi Hua , Retnakaran Ravi , Harris Stewart B. , Beaudry Jacqueline L. , Bazinet Richard P. , Hanley Anthony J.
Published: May 2023

Branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are mainly saturated fatty acids with a methyl branch on the penultimate or antepenultimate carbon atom. While BCFAs are endogenously produced via the catabolism of branched chain amino acids, the primary exogenous source of BCFAs in the human body is via the diet, including dairy products. Recently, BCFAs have been identified as having a potentially protective role in the etiology of cardiometabolic disorders although current literature is limited. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations of circulating BCFAs across four serum pools with insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, and glucose concentrations in the PROMISE Cohort. Estimates of insulin sensitivity were assessed using Matsuda's insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2). Estimates of beta cell function were determined using the insulinogenic index divided by HOMA insulin resistance and the insulin secretion‐sensitivity index‐2 (ISSI‐2). Baseline serum samples were analyzed for BCFAs using gas‐chromatography flame ionization detection. Longitudinal associations were determined using generalized estimating equations. In the free fatty acid (FFA) pool, iso15:0 and anteiso15:0 were positively associated with logHOMA2 (iso15:0 logHOMA2‐%S: β = 6.86, 95% CI: [1.64, 12.36], p < 0.05, anteiso15:0 logHOMA2‐%S: β = 6.36, 95% CI: [0.63, 12.42], p < 0.05) while anteiso14:0 was inversely associated with measures of insulin sensitivity (iso14:0 logHOMA2‐%S: β = −2.35, 95% CI: [−4.26, −0.40], p < 0.05, logISI: β = −2.30, 95% CI: [−4.32, −0.23], p < 0.05, anteiso14:0 logHOMA2‐%S: β = −4.72, 95% CI: [−7.81, −1.52], p < 0.05, logISI: β = −6.13, 95% CI: [−9.49, −2.66], p < 0.01). Associations in other pools were less consistent. We identified the potential importance of specific BCFAs, specifically iso14:0, anteiso14:0, iso15:0, anteiso15:0, in cardiometabolic phenotypes underlying type 2 diabetes.
Enhancing the Activity of Surface Immobilized Antimicrobial Peptides Using Thiol‐Mediated Tethering to Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Boden Andrew , Dart Alexander , Liao Tzu‐Ying , Zhu De Ming , Bhave Mrinal , Cipolla Laura , Kingshott Peter
Published: May 2023

Considering the need for versatile surface coatings that can display multiple bioactive signals and chemistries, the use of more novel surface modification methods is starting to emerge. Thiol‐mediated conjugation of biomolecules is shown to be quite advantageous for such purposes due to the reactivity and chemoselectivity of thiol functional groups. Herein, the immobilization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to silica colloidal particles based on thiol‐mediated conjugation techniques, along with an assessment of the antimicrobial potential of the functionalized particles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus is investigated. Immobilization of PEG to thiolated Si particles is performed by either a two‐step thiol–ene “photo‐click” reaction or a “one‐pot” thiol–maleimide type conjugation using terminal acrylate or maleimide functional groups, respectively. It is demonstrated that both immobilization methods result in a significant reduction in the number of viable bacterial cells compared to unmodified samples after the designated incubation periods with the PEG‐AMP‐modified colloidal suspensions. These findings provide a promising outlook for the fabrication of multifunctional surfaces based upon the tethering of PEG and AMPs to colloidal particles through thiol‐mediated biocompatible chemistry, which has potential for use as implant coatings or as antibacterial formulations that can be incorporated into wound dressings to prevent or control bacterial infections.
Higher syzygies on general polarized Abelian varieties of type (1,⋯,1,d)$(1,\dots ,1,d)$
Authors: Ito Atsushi
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we show that a general polarized abelian variety of type and dimension g satisfies property if . In particular, the case affirmatively solves a conjecture by Fuentes García on projective normality.
In Situ Surface‐Initiated ATRP Mediated by Gallium‐Based Liquid Metal Nanodroplets
Authors: He Baoluo , Lu Qi , Zhao Xiangyuan , Zhang Xiaozhi , Mu Rong , Sheng Wenbo , Li Bin , Liu Shujuan , Ye Qian , Zhou Feng
Published: May 2023

Surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) is one of the most popular methods for surface modifications with functional polymer films, which has attracted significant attention in recent years. Herein, a facile method of gallium‐based liquid metal (GLM) nanodroplets mediated SI‐ATRP to prepare polymer brushes on GLM surfaces is reported. The ATRP initiator modified GLM (GLM‐Br) nanodroplets act as a substrate for the in situ SI‐ATRP and participate as a reducing agent to reduce Cu(II) deactivators to Cu(I) activators. UV–vis spectra confirm the feasibility of the in situ SI‐ATRP and indicate that the thickness and density of polymer brushes play an important role in performing a successful ATRP on GLM nanodroplets surfaces. Homo‐ and block copolymers, poly(3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt) (PSPMA) and poly((2‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate‐b‐(3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt)) P(DMAEMA‐b‐SPMA) are successfully grafted to the GLM nanodroplets. Polymer brushes modified GLM nanodroplets show potential applications such as friction reduction and oil‐water emulsion separation. GLM nanodroplets mediated SI‐ATRP provides a novel and robust approach to preparing multifunctional GLM nanodroplets for different applications.
In Situ Radical Reaction‐Modified Carbon Dot Nanocapsules with Macrophage Escape and Prolonged Imaging
Authors: Zhang Song , Luo Yuchao , Du Jianan , Ren Xue , Liu Chunbao , Liu Yingyi , Sun Wei , Xu Bin
Published: May 2023

Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as an extremely promising platform for biological imaging, owing to their optical properties and low toxicity. However, one of the major challenges in utilizing CDs for in vivo imaging is their high immunogenicity and rapid clearance, which limits their potential. Herein, a novel approach for mitigating these issues is presented through the development of carbon dot nanocapsules (nCDs). Specifically, CDs are encapsulated within a zwitterionic polymer shell composed of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) to create nCDs with a size of ≈40 nm. Notably, the nCDs exhibit excitation‐dependent photoluminescence behavior in the range of 550–600 nm, with tunability based on the excitation wavelength. In confocal imaging, CDs display a strong fluorescence signal after 8 h of incubation with phagocytes, while nCDs show minimal signal, suggesting that nCDs may be capable of evading phagocyte uptake. Furthermore, imaging studies in zebrafish demonstrate that nCDs exhibit a retention time >10 times longer than that of CDs, with fluorescence intensity remaining at 81% after 10 h compared to only 8% for CDs. Taken together, the study presents a novel approach for enhancing the performance of CDs in in vivo imaging applications, offering significant potential for clinical translation.
Cultivating support during COVID‐19 through clinical supervision: A discussion article
Authors: O'Donnell Claire , Markey Kathleen , Murphy Louise , Turner James , Doody Owen
Published: May 2023

Aim

This article aims to discuss how clinical supervision is an important approach in supporting frontline nurses and students during and post COVID‐19 through the lens of the nursing metaparadigms.

Design

Discussion article.

Methods

Discourse of the literature considering the importance of working collaboratively with healthcare and educational organisations in operationalising clinical supervision.

Results

The evidence base supporting clinical supervision as an effective support strategy for nurses exists, however, its implementation and practice has become sporadic. A resurgence is required to support student's and nurse's during this pandemic. It is timely for nurse educators to creatively engage with clinical partners in supporting clinical supervision to enhance both nurses and students pandemic practice experiences. Clinical supervision is proposed as one strategy to support and guide both nurses and students to develop, strengthen and challenge the effectiveness of their care during COVID‐19.
Impact of COVID‐19 on Bangladesh's agriculture sector and the ways forward to recovery: An overview
Authors: Islam Md. Sayemul , Hossain Md. Emran , Bekun Festus Victor , Sujan Md. Hayder Khan
Published: May 2023

The COVID‐19 outbreak has left an indelible effect on Bangladesh's agriculture sector, like that of most developing countries. Considering that agriculture is the cornerstone of Bangladesh's economy, we made an effort to compile a detailed scenario of COVID‐19's effect on it through a relevant literature review. Since no significant studies outlined a complete picture of the pandemic's impact on agriculture, our study ventured to reveal the circumstances of each sub‐sector of agriculture. During the early phases of the pandemic, farmers engaged in agriculture production got poor prices, with the majority of them incurring losses. Labor shortages and input scarcity were the most prevailing hindrances across all the sub‐sectors. The export volume seemed to shrink hugely, hurting the country's GDP. The supply chain for agricultural commodities was disrupted as a result of the lockdown and mobility restrictions, which resulted in the elimination of the majority of intermediaries. Unprecedented challenges occurred in the input and output markets, as well as in the agro‐industries, exacerbating the situation. However, while the vegetables and poultry sub‐sectors recovered utterly and the dairy sub‐sector somehow managed to stabilize, other sub‐sectors are still grieving. This study highlighted some policies that can mitigate the miseries of the agriculture sector and overcome further potential threats in Bangladesh and other agriculture‐led developing countries.
Maternally inherited autosomal dominant PLAG‐1 related Silver Russell syndrome in a fetus with intra‐uterine growth restriction
Authors: Tse Wing Ting , Bass Charlotte , Gurney Leo , Kinning Esther
Published: May 2023

We report a case of maternally inherited autosomal dominant PLAG‐1 related Silver Russell syndrome (SRS) in a fetus with IUGR and a mother who had growth and feeding problems in early life, dextrocardia and an atrio‐ventricular septal defect. Amniocentesis was performed due to marked intra‐uterine growth restriction (IUGR). The array was normal. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a maternally inherited heterozygous likely pathogenic variant in PLAG1 (NM_002655.3): c.402delT p.(Gly135Aspfs*94). This variant has not been reported previously. PLAG1 pathogenic variants are associated with autosomal dominant Silver Russell syndrome, which fits with the clinical phenotypes of both fetus and mother. PLAG1 variants have previously been reported post‐natally in Silver Russell syndrome, but the phenotype tends to be milder than in 11p15.5 methylation‐related cases with fewer physical features. Although cardiac anomalies are uncommon in SRS, they have been previously reported. To our knowledge, dextrocardia has not been previously associated with SRS and there were no other potential causative genetic variants found. This report aims to highlight this rare type of SRS as a cause of IUGR.
Mental health and social sequelae of a rare condition: erythromelalgia
Authors: Asigo Gbenga , Parry Sarah J
Published: May 2023

Rare medical conditions present significant challenges to medical professionals in their ability to diagnose, refer appropriately, and offer timely treatment and support. These challenges are made more difficult and daunting in cases of rare conditions with no effective specific treatment, making the need for holistic approach to management and support more important. This article presents a case of a patient with a rare condition – erythromelalgia.
The changing role of nation states in online content governance: A case of Google's handling of government removal requests
Authors: Park Soyoung , Sang Yoonmo
Published: May 2023

Building upon previous studies that divide the governance of digital platforms into three eras (Flew, 2021; Bowers & Zittrain, 2020), this study investigates how one of the most influential digital platforms, Google, has handled removal requests from governments. By sketching the regulatory terrain of Google, the current study seeks a more balanced understanding of content moderation. This study selected an exploratory case study approach using Google's Transparency reports and accompanying public data sets relating to governments' content removal requests filed for all Google products from 2009 to 2021. The findings reveal a growing influence of nation states on moderating online content, delineating the surging point as occurring in 2016. In addition to the sheer increase of take‐down requests raised in various areas, since 2016 the trend of government interventions has outpaced those of courts; during the same period, Google, which had been more compliant with court decisions than with governmental entities' requests, showed similar compliance with government requests. The results also demonstrate how the practices of requesting content removal differed by political system while singling out Russia's distinctive characteristics. This study sheds light on our understanding of the role of nation states in shaping online environments in the era of platformization.
Kinetic studies on the radical ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐methylene‐1,3,6‐trioxocane
Authors: Mehner Fabian , Meissner Till , Seifert Alissa , Lederer Albena , Gaitzsch Jens
Published: May 2023

Radical ring‐opening polymerization (RROP) of cyclic ketene acetals allows for the synthesis of functional and biodegradable polyesters. To gain a better understanding of RROP, kinetic studies of this reaction method are thus essential but still rare. In here we conducted kinetic experiments on RROP of 2‐methylene‐1,3,6‐trioxocan (MTC) for the first time. In line with earlier findings, the kinetic behavior could be distributed into a chain growth, stationary and step growth behavior probably caused by dominating branching and recombination reactions impacting the polymerization with increasing conversion. The impact of reaction conditions, such as monomer concentration, reaction temperature and source of energy input (Oil bath, microwave, UV light) were varied systematically. All of these factors were studied towards their influence on polymerization rate constant, density of branches (DB), polymer dispersity and molar mass. While each of these factors were impacted by the reaction conditions, the DB was only depending on monomer conversion. Elution fractionation of PMTC samples with high conversion proved decreasing DB with increasing molar mass. Altogether, this study gives a holistic insight into the kinetics of MTC under various means of free RROP, paving the way for developing a more hydrophilic polyester with adjustable DB and molecular weight.
Viscous Fluid Cosmology in Symmetric Teleparallel Gravity
Authors: Solanki Raja , Rana Dheeraj Singh , Mandal Sanjay , Sahoo Pradyumn K.
Published: May 2023

In this article, the viscous fluid cosmological model is analyzed in the framework of recently proposed gravity by assuming three different forms of bulk viscosity coefficients, specifically, , , and and a linear model, particularly, where is free model parameter. The bulk viscosity coefficients and the model parameter values using the combined H(z)+Pantheon+BAO data set are estimated. The asymptotic behavior of our cosmological bulk viscous model is studied by utilizing the phase space method. It is found that corresponding to all three cases, our model depicts the evolution of the universe from matter dominated decelerated epoch (a past attractor) to a stable de‐sitter accelerated epoch (a future attractor). Furthermore, the physical behavior of effective pressure, effective equation of state (EoS), and the statefinder parameters are studied. It is also found that the pressure component in the presence of bulk viscosity shows negative behavior and the effective EoS parameter predicts the accelerated expansion phase of the universe for all three cases. Moreover, the trajectories of the model lie in the quintessence region and it converges to the ΛCDM fixed point in the far future. It is found that the accelerated de‐Sitter like phase comes purely from the case without any geometrical modification to GR. Moreover, the late‐time behavior of all three cases of viscosity coefficients are identical. Furthermore, a non‐linear model is considered, specifically, , and then analyzed the behavior of model using dynamical approach. It is also found that the late‐time behavior of the considered non‐linear model with is similar to the linear case, whereas for the case results are quite different.
Sorption of flavour compounds by polyethylene terephthalate and copolyester films for food packaging
Authors: Hosono Hiroko , Hirakawa Nobuo , Zhang Nan , Kinoshita Yuuki
Published: May 2023

The sorption of flavour compounds by PET and 15 copolyesters (PET copolymerized with isophthalic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, tetramethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and neopentyl glycol in the range of 5 to 18 mol%) was studied. Biaxially oriented films of each resin were immersed in aqueous solutions containing 37 types of flavour compounds for 4 weeks at 37°C. The amount of flavour compounds sorbed by the films was highly dependent on the copolymer composition. Among the tested films, the copolyester film containing 11 mol% sebacic acid exhibited the highest sorption of the 37 compounds, which was approximately 40 times that of PET. The copolyester film containing 11 mol% isophthalic acid exhibited the lowest sorption, approximately half that of PET. The relationship between sorption and the characteristic values of the polyester films was studied. Sorption was negatively correlated with the solubility parameter and density of the amorphous area and strongly negatively correlated with the glass transition temperature. It was concluded that the dynamic free volume involved in diffusion dominates the sorption of flavour compounds by copolyesters. The log P value and molecular size of the compounds had a strong effect on the sorption of individual flavour compounds by the films in aqueous solutions.
Severe asthma remaining well‐controlled after mepolizumab discontinuation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Matsuyama Takahiro , Tomioka Yuya , Matsuyama Hiromi , Kamenohara Yusuke , Tanigawa Kengo , Dotake Yoichi , Hagihara Yoko , Takagi Koichi , Machida Kentaro , Inoue Hiromasa
Published: May 2023

Mepolizumab, a humanized anti‐IL‐5 monoclonal antibody used for severe asthma, results in a reduced rate of asthma exacerbation, improved lung function, reduced oral corticosteroid use, and improved quality of life. A 62‐year‐old man using high‐dose inhaled corticosteroid visited our hospital because of poorly‐controlled asthma. He had eosinophilia in peripheral blood and sputum, and high levels of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide. Therefore, he was treated with mepolizumab for severe asthma. Mepolizumab treatment resulted in significantly improved pulmonary function and reduced frequencies of asthma exacerbations. Because of his good asthma control, mepolizumab treatment was discontinued after 3 years. Since discontinuing mepolizumab, his asthma control has remained without exacerbation. Previous studies suggest that mepolizumab should be continued to sustain clinical benefits. However, cases of long‐term controlled asthma have not been reported after mepolizumab withdrawal, and our case may be instructive.
Improvement of Mild Photoaged Facial Skin in Middle-Aged Chinese Females by a Supramolecular Retinol Plus Acetyl Hexapeptide-1 Containing Essence
Authors: Ye Ying , Li Yanan , Xu Chenlan , Wei Xiaolan
Published: May 2023

Background

The anti-ageing gold standard, retinol, has been widely recognized for its anti-wrinkle benefits in the Chinese population. Studies have shown that Asians are more sensitive to retinol compared to their Caucasian counterparts, and it is generally recommended to use retinol once a day in the evening. However, there are few reports on the most appropriate concentration and frequency of retinol use in the general Chinese population.

Objectives

In this study, supramolecular retinol was prepared using cyclodextrin encapsulation technology, and the most appropriate concentration for the general Chinese population was investigated. Then, a cosmetic essence was developed by combining the classic supramolecular retinol, which promotes collagen regeneration, with acetyl hexapeptide-1, a popular ingredient known for reducing expression lines. The safety and efficacy of this cosmetic essence were studied through clinical tests.

Methods

First, a patch test was conducted on 32 healthy Chinese subjects to compare the tolerance of supramolecular retinol to non-encapsulated retinol and to select the optimal concentration of retinol. Then, an 8-week clinical study was conducted using a twice-daily cosmetic essence containing 0.1% supramolecular retinol and 0.02% acetyl hexapeptide-1 to treat mild photoaging in 32 middle-aged Chinese women. Dermatological evaluations and instrument measurements were taken at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Efficacy was assessed using facial skin wrinkles, textures, elasticity, firmness, pores, gloss and stratum corneum hydration. Tolerability was assessed throughout the study.

Results

Our patch test results showed that supramolecular retinol was better tolerated than non-encapsulated retinol, and our findings suggest that 0.1% was the approximate optimal retinol concentration for the general Chinese population. The cosmetic essence studied was effective in improving the appearance of photoaged skin in the Chinese population in all aspects studied and was well tolerated.

Conclusions

0.1% retinol is suitable for twice daily use in the general Chinese population. Data and records on efficacy dimensions of skin textures, elasticity, firmness, pores, gloss and stratum corneum hydration for retinol in the Chinese population are supplemented with our study. Cosmeceutical approaches targeting both static and dynamic wrinkles are of value for treating the photoaged Chinese population.
Harvesting Friction Energy for Tribo‐catalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutions via Natural Tourmaline
Authors: Wang Xiaoxing , Jia Yanmin , Zhang Qichang , Wu Zheng , Zhang Hongfang , Qi Jianquan
Published: May 2023

Friction, a very common phenomenon in daily life, can be easily converted into electric energy via triboelectricity and can further drive oxidation and reduction reactions to degrade dye wastewater, which is named tribo‐catalysis. In this work, the friction energy between the stirring rod and the natural tourmaline powder was applied to realize the efficient tribo‐catalytic dye degradation. As the catalyst mass increases from 0 g to 0.15 g, the degradation ratio quickly increases at first and then slightly decreases during the tribo‐catalytic process. 0.10 g tourmaline powder shows excellent dye degradation ratio, which is up to ∼96 % at 400 r.p.m. stirring for 5 h. In addition, the dye degradation ratio can be improved through adjusting pH value of the dye solution to 7 or increasing the contact area between the natural tourmaline powder and the stirring rod. The electron spin‐resonance spectra experiment confirms that the primary active substances are hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) and superoxide radicals (⋅O2−). The natural tourmaline with excellent tribo‐catalytic performance is prospective to treat the organic pollutions through harvesting the friction energy in the environment.
Voltammetry for Monitoring Platinum, Palladium and Rhodium in Environmental and Food Matrices
Authors: Amorello Diana , Orecchio Santino , Barreca Salvatore , Orecchio Silvia
Published: May 2023

The interest of researchers on quantification of Pt, Pd and Rh in the environmental and food matrices is the consequence of the production of catalytic converters for car engines. Sensitization, mutagenic effects in bacterial and mammalian cells, and increased tumour incidence are the effects of Pt, Pd and Rh at high concentrations reported in medical and occupational researches while their effects at the low environmental concentrations have not been determined. Voltammetric techniques are very advantageous to quantify PGEs in environmental and food matrices due to their intrinsic sensitivity derived from the electrochemical pre‐concentration of the analyte at the electrode surface, the capability to distinguish between different redox species and/or labile from non‐labile metal complexes, with applications for metal speciation studies. The analysis of PGEs by spectrophotometric methods (atomic absorption, ICP‐MS, ICP‐OES, etc.) suffers from several practical problems. In this article we take into consideration the research concerning environmental and food matrices from 1996 to 2022.
A Carbon‐Black‐Doped Molybdenite‐Based Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Uric Acid, Dopamine, and Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Ma Tingting , Wang Yue , Hasebe Yasushi , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: May 2023

A simple, rapid, cost‐effective and non‐enzymatic amperometric sensor for sensitive and simultaneous determination of uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA), and ascorbic acid (AA) was developed based on a new combination of carbon black (CB) and molybdenite (MLN) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The synergistic effect of CB and MLN can increase electrode's conductivity, accelerate the electrochemical catalytic reaction and enhance the oxidation currents of UA, DA and AA. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated the sensor to perform excellently in the electrochemical oxidation of AA, DA and UA, respectively. The oxidation potentials are well separated (oxidation peaks at −50 mV, 200 mV and 350 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) for AA, DA and UA with the detection limits of 5 μmol/L, 8.7 μmol/L and 9 μmol/L (S/N=3), respectively. The MLN‐CB/GCE sensor also demonstrated superior electrochemical properties including good stability, selectivity and reproducibility. In addition, the prepared sensor for UA allowed the determination of UA in highly diluted body fluids (urine), and the analytical results obtained by the present sensor were in good agreement with those obtained by conventional spectrophotometry.
Elimination of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Medium Using an Agricultural Waste Product of Crude Corn Silk (Stylus maydis) and Corn Silk Treated with Sulphuric Acid
Authors: Ekinci Selma
Published: May 2023

The objective of this study is to employ an adsorption technology to remove methylene blue from the aqueous solution. Methylene blue is one of the dyestuffs that are discharged to wastewater after being used extensively in the industry and creating pollution. A residue of an agricultural product called corn silk was employed in the adsorption process, along with corn silk that had been sulphuric acid‐treated. Using methods like FT‐IR, SEM, EDX, and TGA, the structures of crude corn silk (CCS) and modified corn silk (MCS) were clarified. The ideal adsorption conditions for both adsorbents were found to be equilibrium contact period, pH, the dose of adsorbent, and beginning methylene blue concentration. At 293, 313, and 333 K, adsorption kinetic and isotherm experiments were conducted. It was determined that both adsorptions were compatible with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model kinetically and the Freundlich isotherm model isothermally with higher R2values. At 333 K, the maximum adsorption capacities (qm) of CCS and MCS were calculated to be respectively 59.5 mg g−1and 400 mg g−1. The findings demonstrated that although crude corn silk adsorbs methylene blue, sulphuric acid treatment greatly increases its adsorption ability.
Microwave‐Assisted Rational Designed CNT‐Mn3O4/CoWO4 Hybrid Nanocomposites for High Performance Battery‐Supercapacitor Hybrid Device
Authors: Huang Naibao , Sun Yin , Liu Sen , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Junjie , Guo Likui , Bi Jiapeng , Sun Xiannian
Published: May 2023

Extensive research interest in hybrid battery‐supercapacitor (BSH) devices have led to the development of cathode materials with excellent comprehensive electrochemical properties. In this work, carbon nanotube (CNT)‐Mn3O4/CoWO4 triple‐segment hybrid electrode is synthesized by using a two‐step microwave‐assisted hydrothermal route. Systematic physical characterization revealed that, with the assistance of microwave, granular Mn3O4 and spheroid‐like CoWO4 with preferred orientation, and oxygen vacancies are stacked or arranged on CNTs skeletons to construct a rational designed hybrid nanocomposite with abundant heterointerfaces and interfacial chemical bonds. Electrochemical evaluations show that the synergistic cooperation in CNT‐Mn3O4/CoWO4 resulted in an ultra‐high specific capacity (1907.5 C g−1/529.8 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1), a wide operating voltage window (1.15 V), the satisfactory rate capability (capacity maintained at 1016.5 C g−1/282.3 mA h g−1 at 15 A g−1), and excellent cycling stability (117.2% initial capacity retention after 13000 cycles at 15 A g−1). In addition, the assembled CNT‐Mn3O4/CoWO4//N doped porous carbon (NC) BSH device delivered a stable working voltage of 2.05 V and superior energy density of 67.5 Wh kg−1 at power density of 1025 W kg−1, as well as excellent stability (92.2% capacity retained at 5 A g−1 for 12600 cycles). This work provides a new and feasible tactic to develop high‐performance transition metal oxide‐based cathodes for advanced BSH devices.
Chiroptical Nanocellulose Bio‐Labels for Independent Multi‐Channel Optical Encryption
Authors: Zhou Yi , Lu Canhui , Lu Zhixing , Guo Zhen , Ye Chunhong , Tsukruk Vladimir V. , Xiong Rui
Published: May 2023

Advanced multiplexing optical labels with multiple information channels provide a powerful strategy for large‐capacity and high‐security information encryption. However, current optical labels face challenges of difficulty to realize independent multi‐channel encryption, cumbersome design, and environmental pollution. Herein, multiplexing chiroptical bio‐labels integrating with multiple optical elements, including structural color, photoluminescence (PL), circular polarized light activity, humidity‐responsible color, and micro/nano physical patterns, are constructed in complex design based on host‐guest self‐assembly of cellulose nanocrystals and bio‐gold nanoclusters. The thin nanocellulose labels exhibit tunable circular polarized structural color crossover the entire visible wavelength and circularly polarized PL with the highest‐recorded dissymmetry factor up to 1.05 due to the well‐ordered chiral organization of templated gold nanoclusters. Most importantly, these elements can independently encode customized anti‐counterfeiting information to achieve five independent channels of high‐level anti‐counterfeiting, which are rarely achieved in traditional materials and design counterparts. Considering the exceptional seamless integration of five independent encryption channels and the recyclable features of labels, the bio‐labels have great potential for the next generation anti‐counterfeiting materials technology.
Temporally Stable Supramolecular Polymeric Salts Enabling High‐Performance 3D All‐Aromatic Polyimide Lattices
Authors: Weyhrich Cody W. , Will John W. , Nayyar Garvit , Westover Clarissa C. , Patterson Steven , Arrington Clay B. , Williams Christopher B. , Long Timothy E.
Published: May 2023

Vat photopolymerization (VP) Additive Manufacturing (AM), in which UV light is selectively applied to cure photo‐active polymers into complex geometries with micron‐scale resolution, has a limited selection of aliphatic thermoset materials that exhibit relatively poor thermal performance. Ring‐opening dianhydrides with acrylate‐containing nucleophiles yielded diacrylate ester‐dicarboxylic acids that enabled photo‐active polyimide (PI) precursors, termed polysalts, upon neutralization with an aromatic diamine in solution. In situ FTIR spectroscopy coupled with a solution and photo‐rheological measurements revealed a previously unknown time‐dependent instability of 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) polysalts due to an aza‐Michael addition. Replacement of the electron‐donating ether‐containing diamine with an electron withdrawing sulfone‐containing monomer, e.g., 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), prohibited the aza‐Michael addition of the aromatic amine to the activated acrylate double bond. Novel DDS polysalt photocurable solutions are similarly analyzed and validated long‐term stability, which enabled reproducible printing of polyimide organogel intermediates. Subsequent VP AM afforded 3‐dimensional (3D) structures of intricate complexity and excellent surface finish, as demonstrated with scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the novel PMDA‐HEA/DDS solution enabled the production of the first beam latticed architecture comprised of all‐aromatic polyimide. The versatility of a polysalt platform for multi‐material printing is further demonstrated by printing parts with alternating polysalt compositions.