bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIV/AIDS issues in the workplace of nurses
Authors: Minnaar A
Published: November 2012

HIV/AIDS is a global problem with an estimated 40 million infected people. In less than two years, this figure will leap to 100 million according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). By 2005,65 million people will be infected. Half of the number of people in this group will be under 25 years old, and will die before they reach the age of 35. In a South African study done by the Human Science Research Council and published in 2003, regarding the impact of HIV/AIDS on the health sector, the findings were that 15% of health workers in public and private hospitals tested positive for HIV antibodies. Together with these facts above it was found that 46.2 percent of patients served in medical and paediatric wards tested positive for HIV. These factors have major implication for staffing in the future and the role of the nurse manager in South Africa. The aim of the study: to explore the management of HIV/AIDS in the workplace of nurses in selected health services in KwaZulu-Natal. This research was part of a greater study on the exploration of the presence of caring as part of nursing management. . The methodology: the qualitative research approach was used with a phenomenological design, which ensured that the richness and the complexities are reflected in the study. The data was collected by means of an open-ended question to nurse managers during an interview. The first question posed was; How do you or your s e n ’ices care fo r nurses in this hospital? Secondly nurse managers were asked, To explain their role in caring for HIV/AIDS positive nurses on their staff establishment. . The results: a qualitative analysis of the interviews with nurse managers indicated that they rate HIV/AIDS issues as an important part of their management task. Four main themes were identified, namely HIV/AIDS, counselling, dying of AIDS and funerals. Rich descriptions of these themes are given in this paper. Nurse managers in the health services are managing HIV/AIDS affected nurses, but are doing so without any formal policy on HIV/AIDS in the workplace. It is recommended that nurse managers deal with HIV/AIDS issues in the workplace by raising HIV/AIDS awareness regarding HIV/AIDS issues and HIV/AIDS in the workplace. . Conclusions: nurse managers saw their role regarding nurses with HIV/AIDS mainly as supportive - being involved in family problems and counselling and guiding nurses that live with HIV/AIDS. The health services in KwaZulu-Natal, and especially nurses, are currently affected by HIV/AIDS in a significant way.
Early intervention care programme for parents of neonates
Authors: Lubbe W
Published: November 2012

Parents with neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) experience different needs at different stages of their neonates’ stay in the NICU. The needs of parents with neonates in NICU’s play an important role in aspects such as the ability to cope with changing parental roles and emotions, the relationship between parent and infant and the managing of the parents’ own needs. The aim of this study was to develop an intervention care programme for parents with neonates in the NICU. This intervention care programme will empower parents to manage their own needs and the needs of their neonates while the neonate is admitted to the NICU and after discharge from the NICU / hospital. Literature is available on care programmes for neonates, but not on programmes for the parents of neonates in NICU. The study was a multi-phased study, using qualitative methodologies to determine the needs of South African parents with neonates in level III NICU’s. In phase I, the needs of parents with neonates in NICU were elicited qualitatively. The needs were identified from the data and the results led to the implementation of phase II. In phase II the question was adjusted and new data was collected. Phase III was implemented to validate the data derived from phases I and II. The data was categorised in different need categories and these categories were used to plan an intervention care programme for parents with neonates in NICU’s. The programme provides information to address needs as identified by parents in the research study and as derived from the literature. Need categories identified from the study and literature were as follows: information, communication, emotional, learning, discharge and individual needs. This programme is available in electronic format to enable parents to obtain information according to their changing needs and to provide unlimited access to updated information. The “Early intervention care programme for parents of neonates” will empower parents to manage their own needs and the needs of their neonates while the neonate is admitted to the NICU and'after discharge from the NICU / hospital.
Indigenous Healers’ beliefs and practices concerning sexually transmitted diseases
Authors: Mulaudzi FM , Makhubela-Nkondo ON
Published: November 2012

A Grounded Theory study has been used, based on its Theory of Symbolic Interactionism, to explore indigenous healers’ beliefs and practices concerning sexually transmitted diseases amongst the Vhavenda. Initial data collection has been done, using purposive sampling and when categories started emerging, theoretical sampling was then used. Data were analysed by using three basic types of coding namely, open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The findings of the study revealed a variety of terms used to identify STDs. It then also became evident that there are similarities between gonorrhoea, syphilis and condylomata as shown in the orthodox Sexually transmitted diseases posters used in orthodox medicine with some of the STDs that the indigenous healers are familiar with. In accordance with the Grounded Theory, the description of types of diseases, disease patterns as well as signs and symptoms culminated in the emergence of the Dirt Theory. Based on the above findings, it was recommended that guidelines for designing a module for teaching health professionals be formulated to assist nurses in understanding the beliefs and practices of the people they serve.
Occupational stress of nurses in South Africa
Authors: Rothmann S , Van der Colff JJ , Rothmann JC
Published: November 2012

The objective of this study was to examine the construct validity and reliability of the Nursing Stress Indicator (NSI) and to identify differences between occupational stressors of professional and enrolled nurses. A cross-sectional survey design was used. A sample of professional nurses (/V = 980) and enrolled and auxiliary nurses (N = 800) in South Africa was used. The NSI was developed as measuring instrument and administrated together with a biographical questionnaire. Five reliable stress factors, namely Patient Care, Job Demands, Lack of Support, Staff Issues, and Overtime were extracted. The most severe stressors for nurses included health risks posed by contact with patients, lack of recognition and insufficient staff. Watching patients suffer, demands of patients and staff issues were also severe stressors for professional nurses. The severity of stressors was higher for professional nurses (compared with enrolled and auxiliary nurses). Organisations that employ nurses should implement programmes to monitor and manage stress, specifically regarding staff issues and job demands.
Health aspects of sanitation among Eastern Cape (EC) rural communities, South Africa
Authors: Phaswana-Mafuya N
Published: November 2012

A descriptive study was conducted to determine the health aspects of sanitation among rural communities of the EC. A purposive sample of 145 villagers was drawn from 14 villages selected through systematic random sampling. Of these, 71 were male and 74 were female. The 145 participants were divided into 14 groups (M = 10 participants) by community and randomly assigned to 14 community-based trained facilitators. Each facilitator administered Dunker’s (2001) KAP tool for hygiene to the assigned group. The responses from all the groups were collated and analysed. Communities’ health was generally not considered good (78.6%) because of limited clean water, lack of money to treat water and unhealthy food. The prevalence of diseases in the last 6 months, included: skin diseases, worms, eye infections, diarrhoea, bilharzias and malaria; the perceived causes of diseases were mainly related to poor sanitation and the suggested disease prevention methods were sanitation improvement related. Institutional capacity was generally lacking as more than 50% of the communities did not have sanitation committees and environmental health officers (98.3%); health (64.3%) and water (57.1 %)committees. The results have implications for policy-makers, programme planners, academics and practitioners in the field of water and sanitation in terms of policy and programme formulation, curriculum development, and service delivery.
A gendered study of young adult contraceptive use at one university in KwaZulu-N atal
Authors: Oyedeji OA , Cassimjee R
Published: November 2012

This study explores contraceptive use among young adult male and female students (aged 18-25) who visit the campus clinic at a university in KwaZulu-Natal. Both a descriptive survey and face to face interviews were used for data collection. In this study, it is affirmed that gender stratification, societal attitudes, and misconceptions about contraceptive use play an important role in the attitudes of young adults, male and female towards contraception and its use. Evidence of this is the high use of condoms amongst both male and female students’ compared with other available methods. Among female students this was highly attributed to personal convenience and comfort with condom use as an unmarried young woman. It was clear from the data collected that respondents themselves attached some stigma to being associated with the use of contraceptive pills or having to visit the clinic regularly for injections as young unmarried women. Male respondents affirmed the use of the condom, although this was hardly with the view of taking reproductive/contraceptive responsibility, but rather, it was attributed to the function of the condom as a safe sex method that offered protection against sexually transmitted diseases and infections. Also evident from the study was the fact that male respondents felt more comfortable with their sexual functioning than the female respondents. This was easily attributed to the role of societal gender stratification in an individual’s life.
Primigravidae’s knowledge about obstetric complications in an urban health centre in Malawi
Authors: Kumbani LC , Mclnerney P
Published: November 2012

Pregnant women in Malawi receive information about pregnancy, labour and delivery during routine antenatal visits. This study aimed to explore knowledge of obstetric complications amongst primigravidae attending an urban health centre in Blantyre, Malawi. A descriptive study design was used. Recognition of obstetric complications in pregnancy, during labour and after delivery and actions that participants would take if they developed any complications in pregnancy and after delivery were explored. Actions that women would take for complications that occur during labour were not probed, as women have little control over actions taken when complications arise during labour. Methods: Participants were selected by means of purposive sampling from a population of pregnant women who fitted defined criteria and who were attending antenatal clinic at a health centre. Forty-five primigravidae from the urban setting with a gestation period between 28 and 42 weeks were interviewed. Data were analysed manually. Results: The findings showed that participants were more aware of obstetric complications that could occur in pregnancy than of complications that may occur during and after delivery. Sixty percent of the participants were knowledgeable about obstetric complications in pregnancy. The majority of the participants, 73% and 82.2% did not know of any problems that could occur during and after the birth of the baby respectively. Participants had limited knowledge of complications that may need immediate treatment during all three periods. Fifty-eight percent (95% ci: 43; 73) of the primigravidae had some knowledge and could make an informed decision to go to a health facility with pregnancy complications. However, only 24% (95% ci: 11; 38) of the primigravidae had some knowledge and could make an informed decision to go to a health facility with complications after delivery. These findings suggest a critical need for provision of information on obstetric complications especially those that may occur during and after birth with emphasis on those obstetric complications that require immediate treatment.
Facilitation as a teaching strategy : experiences of facilitators
Authors: Lekalakala-Mokgele E
Published: November 2012

Changes in nursing education involve the move from traditional teaching approaches that are teacher-centred to facilitation, a student centred approach. The studentcentred approach is based on a philosophy of teaching and learning that puts the learner on centre-stage. The aim of this study was to identify the challenges of facilitators of learning using facilitation as a teaching method and recommend strategies for their (facilitators) development and support. A qualitative, explorative and contextual design was used. Four (4) universities in South Africa which utilize facilitation as a teaching/ learning process were identified and the facilitators were selected to be the sample of the study. The main question posed during in-depth group interviews was: How do you experience facilitation as a teaching/learning method?. Facilitators indicated different experiences and emotions when they first had to facilitate learning. All of them indicated that it was difficult to facilitate at the beginning as they were trained to lecture and that no format for facilitation was available. They experienced frustrations and anxieties as a result. The lack of knowledge of facilitation instilled fear in them. However they indicated that facilitation had many benefits for them and for the students. Amongst the ones mentioned were personal and professional growth. Challenges mentioned were the fear that they waste time and that they do not cover the content. It is therefore important that facilitation be included in the training of nurse educators.
Die gestremde leerling
Authors: Booyse A.M.
Published: November 2012

The ultimate goal of every handicapped person is to achieve as great a degree as possible of independence, that is, to do as much as possible for himself. He does not need sympathy or to be smothered in charity but only a chance to succeed according to his potential maximum achievement. The physically handicapped child should always be seen primarily as a child and secondarily as a child with a handicap. He has the same needs and requirements, as the ordinary healthy child, of love and security, but he does need an extra bit of understanding and assistance to take him over the hurdle of his handicap. For that reason special schools have been founded to accommodate the different types of handicapped children. The handicapped child’s orientation to his world can only be successfully constituted if he has a healthy pedagogical relationship at home as well as at school.
Sterwe, dood en rou as ’n gesondheidsprobleem
Authors: De Villiers Frederika M.J.
Published: November 2012

It is clear that the progress in medical technology, the increasing awareness of psycho - social aspects in the health services, the humanistic emphasis on patient care, changes in the family structure, the hospitalisation of the dying patient and the increasing relationship of the health personnel in the death situation, all resulted in an increasing idenitification with dying, death and mourning as health care problems. These tendencies have reached a level which created a need for the development of effective approaches in respect of the case of man in the throes of death. The acceptance of the responsibility not only for the care but also for the accompaniment of dying persons and their loved ones, has become a necessity, because dying, death and mourning actually are health problems.
The life-world of mothers who care for mentally retarded children: the Katutura township experience
Authors: Ntswane A.M. , Van Rhyn L.
Published: November 2012

This article reports on a research study done in Katutura Township, near Windhoek. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was followed to answer the research question investigating experiences of mothers caring for mentally retarded children at home. Phenomenological interviews were conducted with a purposefully selected sample of twelve mothers. The meaning of their experiences was analysed by using Teschxs method (1990 in Creswell, 1994:155) of analysing qualitative data. The results indicated various emotions and challenges experienced by these mothers during the care of their children. Feelings of shock, despondency and sadness dominated the early stages when the retarded children were still young. During later years, as the children were growing up, the mothers felt shame, fear, frustration, anger, disappointment and worry. However, acceptance followed, as the children grew older. Stigma seemed to affect all the respondents. Support in any form or lack thereof seemed to be the decisive factor-positioning mothers along a continuum of two extremes, namely despairing isolation and integrated happiness. Recommendations were made regarding the improvement of heath care services and education of the mothers and their families.
The meaning and effect of HIV/AIDS stigma for people living with AIDS and nurses involved in their care in the North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Greeff M. , Phetlhu R.
Published: November 2012

The five countries with the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world are situated in southern Africa, and South Africa, with an estimated 4,7 million people living with HIV (PLWA), has more cases of HIV/AIDS than any other country. AIDS stigma and discrimination continue to impact on those living with and affected by the HIV disease and their health-care providers, particularly in southern Africa, where the burden of AIDS is so significant. Stigma has become a major problem in the provision o f care for PLWA in Africa. A five-year multinational African study on perceived AIDS stigma was undertaken. The North West Province in South Africa formed part of this study. The first phase focused on exploring and describing the meaning and effect o f stigma for PLWA and nurses involved in their care. This article focuses on the data for the North West Province, South Africa. An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design was used. Through focus groups the critical incident method was applied to gain respondents’ emic and etic views. The study was conducted in the Potchefstroom district and the Kayakulu area. Purposive voluntary sampling was utilised. The open coding technique was used for data analysis. Three types of stigma (received, internal and associated stigma) and several dimensions for each type o f stigma were identified. Recommendations for interventions, a measuring scale and the formulation of a conceptual model were formulated.
The experiences of mothers who were implementing Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) at a Regional Hospital in KwaZulu- Natal
Authors: Reddy J. , Mclnerney P.A.
Published: November 2012

Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a fairly new concept to the patients and personnel in the neonatal units in KwaZulu-Natal. Arising from one of the Governmental initiatives, KMC was introduced to KwaZulu Natal in 2001. The personnel at the regional hospital where this study took place, were briefly introduced to this alternate method of care for a low birth weight baby, by means of symposia and in-service training. This study was undertaken to explore the perceptions of mothers for the preparation and experience of KMC and to describe the experiences of the mothers who had implemented KMC. Furthermore, this study sought to determine whether mothers received support during the implementation of KMC and if so, to identify the sources of this support. The lack of documented evidence to problems that mothers may have encountered and management strategies to deal with these, prompted the study. A phenomenological approach was used. The sample was obtained from the neonatal unit of a regional hospital in Durban. The sample comprised of ten mothers who were practicing KMC in the post-natal ward, or mothers who were discharged and were still practicing KMC. Data were collected by means of face-to-face interviews. These interviews provided the researcher with rich, personal and narrative experiences of the carers before and during KMC. The results of this study indicated that KMC was indeed new to most of the mothers and this evoked apprehension, doubt and fear, but once the mothers had tried it and were successful, they felt a sense of joy. Nursing personnel formed part of the supportive environment for the mothers practicing KMC. Recommendations are made for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research.
Plain language for interpreting in consulting rooms
Authors: Lesch H.M.
Published: November 2012

Intercultural communication is by nature a complex activity. In a multilingual society like ours, it will inevitably surface in the health care sector. The services of an interpreter are often considered to break the impasse in this communication process. The communication problem between the two parties, the service provider and client/ patient, is often not simply a matter of language but societal factors of which the liaison interpreter should be aware of also plays a major role for effective extended communication. This article focuses on some of the problems in rendering an oral source text in multilingual and multicultural societies such as South Africa in which there are heterogeneous target audiences for interpreting. It is pointed out that interpreters in such societies must take into account the heterogeneity of the target audiences, or otherwise interpreting will only be symbolic gestures, empty of value, and thus not communicate the message intended. In the process the limitations of the interpreter and how the presence of the interpreter can be facilitated, is also highlighted.
Student nurses’ experiences during clinical practice in the Limpopo Province
Authors: Mabuda BT
Published: November 2012

A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study was conducted to explore student nurses’ experiences during clinical practice at a nursing college in the Limpopo Province. Purposive sampling was used and phenomenological interviews were held with eleven (11) student nurses who were in their final year of the four year basic nursing programme. The interviews were analysed by using Tesch’s method of data analysis for qualitative research. The findings indicate that there are aspects which impact negatively on student nurses’ clinical learning experiences, such as lack of teaching and learning support, lack of opportunities for learning, poor theory-practice integration, and poor interpersonal relationships between the students, college tutors and ward staff. Recommendations to enhance the clinical learning experiences of student nurses were outlined.
Experiences of parents during the hospitalisation of their child in a private paediatric unit
Authors: Verwey M
Published: November 2012

A change in the health of a child is regarded as a major stressor for parents which further increases when the child is admitted to a hospital (Kaplan & Sadock, 1998:799). The role of the family in a child’s illness is slowly being recognised (Kibel & Wagstaff, 2001:544), but the South African government per se has not yet issued any formal reports on parental participation in the hospitalisation process.
Critical care nurses’ perceptions of stress and stress-related situations in the workplace
Authors: Moola S
Published: November 2012

Critical care nurses (CCNs) experience stressful situations in their daily working environments. A qualitative research approach (exploratory, descriptive and contextual) was used to explore and describe the stressful situations experienced by critical care nurses in the Tshwane metropolitan are of South Africa. Focus group interviews were conducted with critical care nurses.
Associated syndromes and other genetic variations at a South African cleft lip and palate clinic
Authors: Van den Berg H.J.S. , Du Plessis S.M. , Butow K-W. , Honey E.M.
Published: November 2012

A retrospective study was done of data on all patients registered at one of the largest cleft lip and palate clinics in South Africa (n = 3174). The associated syndromes and other genetic variations [(abbreviation:) ASGV] found in the population of persons suffering from facial cleft deformities (FCD) were analysed. 832 (26.2%) cleft lip and/ or palate patients presented with ASGV. Fifty-seven different types of syndromes were recorded of which the Fairbaim-Robin appearance (FRA) (or Pierre Robin sequence) 169 (5.3%), the Demarque-van der Woude syndrome 40 (1.3%), and the holoprosencephaly sequence cases 32 (1.0%) were the three most common ones. The three most common genetic variations found in the non-syndromic patients, were heart involvement 53(1.7%), club foot 42 (1.3%) and various eye problems 39 (1.2%). The main facial cleft deformity, namely the cleft lip, alveolus and palate (CLAP), was found in 26.2% of the ASGV-group. This particular cleft deformity was recorded at 39.7% in the FCD clinic. On the other hand, the hard and soft palate cleft (hPsP) group was found in 32.9% of patients who also had ASGV; in the total group of patients registered at the clinic, it accounted for only 16.6%. This means that ASGV occur less commonly in the CLAP group of patients, than in the hPsP group of patients.
Experiences of Batswana women diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer
Authors: Molefe T. , Duma S.E.
Published: November 2012

The central phenomenon of interest to the authors was the experiences of Batswana women who have been diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer. They wanted to know how these women and their families coped with the burden of the two ‘fatal’ diseases. This interest was brought about by the current surge in cervical cancer cases in the country, and the relationship between the two diseases. There is scant literature on the experiences of women with the dual diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of Batswana women who are diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer. The research question was ‘What are the experiences of Batswana women diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer?’ A phenomenological descriptive qualitative research design was therefore appropriate to answer the research question.Semi-structured interviews and field notes were used to collect data. One-to-one interviews were conducted with six women diagnosed with the two diseases. Both convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used in selection of participants. The seven procedural steps proposed by Collaizi (1978) were utilized in data analysis as the study was based on the phenomenology approach. The findings revealed that HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer are chronic illnesses that can instill chronic emotional pain. Reactions to diagnosis with these diseases include pain, fear or intense sadness. Coping with these conditions can be facilitated by different strategies such as acceptance, having hope, support from others and positive thinking. Support can come from children, family members, informal or formal groups and health service providers.
Knowledge and use of modern family planning methods by rural women in Zambia
Authors: Mubita-Ngoma C. , Chongo Kadantu M.
Published: November 2012

The main aim of the study was to determine knowledge and use of modem contractive methods among reproductive age group rural women in Zambia. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 105 randomly selected rural women. Data was collected using semi-structured interview schedule and analyzed using EPI Info version 6 statistical packages. The findings revealed that 63% of the respondents were within the age group 21-35 years, 65% were married and 64% were peasant farmers. 90% of the respondents had heard about modem contraceptives and their main source of information was the Health worker (62%). 76% of the respondents stated that modem contraceptive methods could be obtained from public health facilities. 56% of the respondents were currently using modem contraceptive methods and 46% were not using modem contraceptive methods. Reasons for non use of contraceptive methods were religious beliefs (50%), partner disapproval (30%) and side effects (20%). The results showed a relationship between educational level and use of contraceptives (Chi-square 7.83, df = 3, P < 0.05) and spouse approval or support of contractive methods and use of contraceptive (Chisquare 5.9, df = 2, P < 0.05). Therefore, efforts to promote modem contraceptive use among the rural women should be intensified to overcome barriers to contraceptive use and should involve men.
Revitalization of clinical skills training at the University of the Western Cape
Authors: Jeggels J.D. , Traut A. , Kwast M.
Published: November 2012

Most educational institutions that offer health related qualifications make use of clinical skills laboratories. These spaces are generally used for the demonstration and assessment of clinical skills. The purpose of this paper is to share our experiences related to the revitalization of skills training by introducing the skills lab method at the School of Nursing (SoN), University of the Western Cape (UWC). To accommodate the contextual changes as a result of the restructuring of the higher education landscape in 2003, the clinical skills training programme at UWC had to be reviewed. With a dramatic increase in the student numbers and a reduction in hospital beds, the skills lab method provided students with an opportunity to develop clinical skills prior to their placement in real service settings. The design phase centred on adopting a skills training methodology that articulates with the case-based approach used by the SoN. Kolb’s, experiential learning cycle provided the theoretical underpinning for the methodology. The planning phase was spent on the development of resources. Eight staff members were trained by our international higher education collaborators who also facilitated the training of clinical supervisors and simulated patients. The physical space had to be redesigned to accommodate audio visual and information technology to support the phases of the skills lab method. The implementation of the skills lab method was phased in from the first-year level. An interactive seminar held after the first year of implementation provided feedback from all the role players and was mostly positive. The results of introducing the skills lab method include: a move by students towards self-directed clinical skills development, clinical supervisors adopting the role of facilitators of learning and experiential clinical learning being based on, amongst others, the students’ engagement with simulated patients. Finally, the recommendations relate to tailor-making clinical skills training by using various aspects of teaching and learning principles, i.e. case-based teaching, experiential learning and the skills lab method.
What’s wrong with being a ward sister anyway?
Authors: MacMillan P.
Published: November 2012

Aunt Marge was my favourite ward sister. Well, everyone called her Aunt Marge, and perhaps I remember her best because she was my first ward sister. She was a character. I can tell you — the scourge of the general medical team.
Die getroude vrou in die verpleegberoep
Authors: Van Niekerk K.
Published: November 2012

Om enigsins reg te laat geskied aan ’n omvattende onderwerp soos “die getroude vrou in die verpleegberoep” moet van naderby gekyk word na die volgende: 1. Waarom getroude vroue in die verpleegberoep as ’n groep van belang beskou word. 2. Die eise wat die gesin aan die vrou stel. 3. Die eise wat die vrou aan haarself stel. 4. Die eise wat die beroep aan die getroude verpleegkundige stel. 5. Die eise wat die getroude verpleegkundige aan die beroep stel. 6. Verantwoordbare voorstelle wat mag help om te voldoen aan sommige van die getroude vrou en die werkgewer se eise.
100 years of wellcome - an unusual company celebrates its centenary
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2012

Not many companies are owned by a charitable trust or have a Nobel Prize winner amongst their research scientists. These are two of the unusual features of the Wellcome Foundation, which celebrates its centenary this year. Wellcome is owned by the Wellcome Trust, a charitable organisation which utilises all money made out of the company’s operations in relief of suffering and disease, to further the relief of suffering and disease.
Community nursing care for the mentally retarded
Authors: Reingold C.D.
Published: November 2012

Community care for the mentally retarded takes cognisance of the many facets of care required and available for the mentally retarded. Community care may be regarded as care provided by the general public for the mentally retarded in their midst as well as care provided by the professionals, particularly health and teaching professions, for the mentally retarded in the community.
Preparing the nurse to render a service to the mentally retarded
Authors: Faurie M.M.W.
Published: November 2012

Preparation for a specific responsibility requires an answer to the following question: Who is being prepared to do what with whom and in what location? The answer to this question will serve as a basis for setting forth certain guidelines for the educational preparation for nurses to render a service to the mentally retarded.
The team concept in community health care
Authors: Goddard JO
Published: November 2012

Despite widespread knowledge of the theory and merits of teamwork amongst health professionals, breakdown in or total omission of individual h e a l th c a r e p r o g r a m m e s is s t i l l happening with alarming regularity. This has a ripple effect, affecting not only the individual, but also the family, the community and the country as a whole — a state of affairs that cannot be allowed to continue.
Nagraadse verpleegkundenavorsing aan Suid-Afrikaanse Universiteite 1969—1979
Authors: Uys L.R.
Published: November 2012

A survey of the first eleven years of post-graduate nursing research at South African universities classifies the projects according to research design, objectives and area of speciality. Strengths and weaknesses, especially with regard to research design and objectives, are identified and recommendations made to promote a healthy nursing research structure in South Africa.
The role of the unit sister - emphasis on quality of care and accountability
Authors: Bergman R.
Published: November 2012

The subject of this paper includes three important concepts. They are: role of the unit sister (or head nurse), quality of care and accountability. Each of these will be dealt with briefly and an attempt made to show the interrelationship between them.
Nursing education as adult education: A philosophical standpoint
Authors: Pinkney-Atkinson V.J.
Published: November 2012

There are probably as many definitions of adult education as there are authors on the subject. In most cases the definition reflects the particular bias of the author. In its opening statement on the subject, The Encyclopedia for Educational Research (1 p .30) notes that adult education may be defined in many Ways.
Die beroepspatroon van verpleegkundiges
Authors: Cilliers G.J.
Published: November 2012

A long-term study on the career pattern of registered nurses in South Africa is being undertaken by the HSRC. Significant findings in the second phase of the project include the fact that the years of working experience of the study group were relatively high compared to other dominantly female professions. No significant trend regarding loss of registered nurses over a number of years was found. Reasons why nurses leave and return to the profession were also investigated. Nurses mainly leave the profession because of family commitments and interest in nursing is a significant factor in motivating nurses to return.
A glimpse at the nursing education system in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mashaba T.G.
Published: November 2012

The author wishes to share her experiences and impressions about the system of nurses’ education and training in England with those nurses who may not have had the opportunity to see how nurse preparation is conducted in that country.
Sexual health and the professional nurse
Authors: Welman C.
Published: November 2012

Sexuality is recognised as a psychophysiologic system that is distinct from and yet interrelated with the reproductive and urinary systems. A female has the capacity for reproduction for less than half the normal life span, but sexuality operates throughout her life. In the male, both ejaculatory fluid and urine pass through the urethra, one organ serving different functions.
Evaluering van interpersoonlike vaardighede
Authors: Poggenpoel M.
Published: November 2012

One of the major goals of nursing is to offer meaningful health services to individuals and groups who need help. This helping process takes place through interpersonal contact between the nurse and individuals and groups. It is important that the nurse has interpersonal skills and training in nursing should also include opportunities for exercising these skills. Observation scales are the most appropriate technique for evaluating the effectiveness of interpersonal skills. There are three types of observation scales: — The anecdotal report: a factual description of a student’s behaviour. — Rating scales including numerical rating scales, graphic rating scales and descriptive graphic scales. — Checklists were evaluation of characteristics are limited to a simple present-absent judgement. An instrument (graphic descriptive rating scale) is held as an example of an evaluation instrument that can be used to judge core aspects associated to the nurse’s interpersonal skills in a specific situation.
Teaching health education
Authors: Van Niekerk C.F.
Published: November 2012

For the past three years the subject Theory and Practice of Health Education has been offered to prospective community health nurses by the Department of Nursing Science at the Medical University of Southern Africa (Medunsa). The purpose of introducing this course was to promote the practice of health education - an integral part of health care and thus of community nursing care - by guiding community health nurses to: — synthesise appropriate and applicable theoretical concepts from various fields of science including education, anthropology, psychology, sociology and nursing as a premise on which to base health education — apply theoretical concepts gleaned from various fields of science to the field of health education — develop reasonable skill in selecting, planning, preparing, utilising and evaluating teaching/learning aids — evolve a favourable attitude towards health education — undertake simple studies related to health behaviour — identify authorities concerned with health education on local, national and international level and know their contributions.
The Nursing Student at the University of South Africa
Authors: Brownlee E.B.I.
Published: November 2012

This research project, undertaken in the Department of Nursing Science at Unisa between 1978 and 1981, focuses on nursing education in general and in particular on nurses as postregistration students furthering their education through the medium of teletuition in the nonresidential academic setting offered by Unisa.
Intra Partum Foetal Distress
Authors: Kubheka J
Published: November 2012

The occurrence of neonatal asphyxia at Baragwanath Hospital is a daily problem. The question was raised as to whether intra partum foetal distress, apgar scoring at birth and the biochemical analysis of blood acid base status from the chorionic arteries can predict any short-term neurological defects.
Sex Education: Fact or Fiction?
Authors: MacIntosh Doreen
Published: November 2012

The words Sex and Sexuality when coupled with the word Love should make a most exciting phrase. Sexual love is a source of power that makes life worth living. We seek each other out for comfort, pleasure, companionship, intellectual compatibility, inspiration and more importantly, our powerful sexual drives ensures the existence of mankind through reproduction. Human sexuality has the potential to provide us with an important source of goodness in our lives. It rewards us to know as much as we can about it and how to make it work positively for us and our children.
Mathematics education and the dignity of being
Authors: Valero Paola , García Gloria , Camelo Francisco , Mancera Gabriel , Romero Julio
Published: November 2012

On the grounds of our work as researchers, teacher educators and teachers engaging with a socio-political approach in mathematics education in Colombia, we propose to understand democracy in terms of the possibility of constructing a social subjectivity for the dignity of being. We address the dilemma of how the historical insertion of school mathematics in relation to the Colonial project of assimilation of Latin American indigenous peoples into the episteme of the Enlightenment and Modernity is in conflict with the possibility of the promotion of a social subjectivity in mathematics classrooms. We illustrate a pedagogical possibility to move towards a mathematics education for social subjectivity with our work in reassembling the notion of geometrical space in the Colombian secondary school mathematics curriculum with notions of space from critical geography and the problem of territorialisation, and Latin American epistemology with the notion of intimate space as an important element of social subjectivity.
Error Estimates and Superconvergence of Mixed Finite Element Methods for Optimal Control Problems with Low Regularity
Authors: Chen Yanping , Hou Tianliang , Zheng Weishan
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we investigate the error estimates and superconvergence property of mixed finite element methods for elliptic optimal control problems. The state and co-state are approximated by the lowest order Raviart-Thomas mixed finite element spaces and the control variable is approximated by piecewise constant functions. We deriveL2andL∞-error estimates for the control variable. Moreover, using a recovery operator, we also derive some superconvergence results for the control variable. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Two-Phase Image Inpainting: Combine Edge-Fitting with PDE Inpainting
Authors: Wang Meiqing , Huang Chensi , Zeng Chao , Lai Choi-Hong
Published: November 2012

The digital image inpainting technology based on partial differential equations (PDEs) has become an intensive research topic over the last few years due to the mature theory and prolific numerical algorithms of PDEs. However, PDE based models are not effective when used to inpaint large missing areas of images, such as that produced by object removal. To overcome this problem, in this paper, a two-phase image inpainting method is proposed. First, some edges which cross the damaged regions are located and the missing parts of these edges are fitted by using the cubic spline interpolation. These fitted edges partition the damaged regions into some smaller damaged regions. Then these smaller regions may be inpainted by using classical PDE models. Experiment results show that the inpainting results by using the proposed method are better than those of BSCB model and TV model.
Formation of organic aerosol in the Paris region during the MEGAPOLI summer campaign: evaluation of the Volatility-Basis-Set approach within the CHIMERE model
Authors: Zhang Q. J. , Beekmann M. , Drewnick F. , Freutel F. , Schneider J. , Crippa M. , Prévôt A. S. H. , Baltensperger U. , Poulain L. , Wiedensohler A. , Sciare J. , Gros V. , Borbon A. , Colomb A. , Michoud V. , Doussin J.-F. , Denier van der Gon H. A. C. , Haeffelin M. , Dupont J.-C. , Siour G. , Petetin H. , Bessagnet B. , Pandis S. N. , Hodzic A. , Sanchez O. , Honoré C. , Perrussel O.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Results of the chemistry transport model CHIMERE are compared with the measurements performed during the MEGAPOLI summer campaign in the Greater Paris Region in July, 2009. The Volatility-Basis-Set approach (VBS) is implemented into this model, taking into account the volatility of primary organic aerosol (POA) and the chemical aging of semi-volatile organic species. Organic aerosol is the main focus and is simulated with three different configurations related to the volatility of POA and the scheme of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. In addition, two types of emission inventories are used as model input in order to test the uncertainty related to the emissions. Predictions of basic meteorological parameters and primary and secondary pollutant concentrations are evaluated and four pollution regimes according to the air mass origin are defined. Primary pollutants are generally overestimated, while ozone is consistent with observations. Sulfate is generally overestimated, while ammonium and nitrate levels are well simulated with the refined emission data set. As expected, the simulation with non-volatile POA and a single-step SOA formation mechanism largely overestimates POA and underestimates SOA. Simulation of organic aerosol with the VBS approach taking into account the aging of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) shows the best correlation with measurements. All observed high concentration events are reproduced by the model mostly after long range transport, indicating that long range transport of SOA to Paris is well reproduced. Depending on the emission inventory used, simulated POA levels are either reasonable or underestimated, while SOA levels tend to be overestimated. Several uncertainties related to the VBS scheme (POA volatility, SOA yields, the aging parameterization), to emission input data, and to simulated OH levels can be responsible for this behavior. Despite these uncertainties, the implementation of the VBS scheme into the CHIMERE model allowed for much more realistic organic aerosol simulations for Paris during summer time. The advection of SOA from outside Paris is mostly responsible for the highest OA concentration levels. During advection of polluted air masses from north-east (Benelux and Central Europe), simulations indicate high levels of both anthropogenic and biogenic SOA fractions, while biogenic SOA dominates during days with advection from Southern France and Spain.