bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic Characterization of Upper-Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in Patients With Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Donahue Timothy F. , Bagrodia Aditya , Audenet François , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Cha Eugene K. , Sfakianos John P. , Sperling Dahlia , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Clendenning Mark , Rosty Christophe , Buchanan Daniel D. , Jenkins Mark , Hopper John , Winship Ingrid , Templeton Allyson S. , Walsh Michael F. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Iyer Gopa , Taylor Barry , Coleman Jonathan , Lindor Noralane M. , Solit David B. , Bochner Bernard H.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Patients with Lynch syndrome (LS) have a significantly increased risk of developing upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Here, we sought to identify differences in the patterns of mutational changes in LS-associated versus sporadic UTUCs.

Patients and Methods

We performed targeted sequencing of 17 UTUCs from patients with documented LS-associated germline mutations (LS-UTUCs) using the Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrated Molecular Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets targeted exon capture assay and compared the results with those from a recently characterized cohort of 82 patients with sporadic UTUC.

Results

Patients with LS-UTUC were significantly younger, had had less exposure to tobacco, and more often presented with a ureteral primary site compared with patients with sporadic UTUC. The median number of mutations per tumor was significantly greater in LS-UTUC tumors than in tumors from the sporadic cohort (58; interquartile range [IQR], 47-101 v 6; IQR, 4-10; P < .001), as was the MSIsensor score (median, 25.1; IQR, 17.9-31.2 v 0.03; IQR, 0-0.44; P < .001). Differences in the genetic landscape were observed between sporadic and LS-associated tumors. Alterations in KMT2D, CREBBP, or ARID1A or in DNA damage response and repair genes were present at a significantly higher frequency in LS-UTUC. CIC, NOTCH1, NOTCH3, RB1, and CDKN1B alterations were almost exclusive to LS-UTUC. Although FGFR3 mutations were identified in both cohorts, the R248C hotspot mutation was highly enriched in LS-UTUC.

Conclusion

LS- and sporadic UTUCs have overlapping but distinct genetic signatures. LS-UTUC is associated with hypermutation and a significantly higher prevalence of FGFR3 R248C mutation. Prospective molecular characterization of patients to identify those with LS-UTUC may help guide treatment.
Genetically engineered pigs as models for human disease
Authors: Perleberg Carolin , Kind Alexander , Schnieke Angelika
Published: January 2018

Genetically modified animals are vital for gaining a proper understanding of disease mechanisms. Mice have long been the mainstay of basic research into a wide variety of diseases but are not always the most suitable means of translating basic knowledge into clinical application. The shortcomings of rodent preclinical studies are widely recognised, and regulatory agencies around the world now require preclinical trial data from nonrodent species. Pigs are well suited to biomedical research, sharing many similarities with humans, including body size, anatomical features, physiology and pathophysiology, and they already play an important role in translational studies. This role is set to increase as advanced genetic techniques simplify the generation of pigs with precisely tailored modifications designed to replicate lesions responsible for human disease. This article provides an overview of the most promising and clinically relevant genetically modified porcine models of human disease for translational biomedical research, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We briefly summarise the technologies involved and consider the future impact of recent technical advances.
A pilot study comparing pattern of damage sustained among instruments from different surgical units in a tertiary care centre in Nepal – reappraising the role of instrument reprocessing in retaining their value
Authors: Munakomi Sunil , Shah Roshan , Shrestha Sangam
Published: January 2018

Background: The quality of instruments plays a pivotal role in governing safe operating room culture. The reprocessing system followed in the institution determines their durability thereby ensuring patient safety as well as minimizing health spending. Rigorous reprocessing in a centralized instrument reprocessing department by well trained staff following formulated guidelines helps to achieve the target of “safe surgery saves lives” as formulated by the World Health Organization.

Methods: We sought to determine the patterns of wear and tear sustained among sets of surgical equipment from two surgical units that had been sent to the repair department within a year of their purchase. Analysis of similar changes in the joints of the instrument, as well as pattern of fractures sustained was performed.

Results: All patterns of wear and tear were common in both the general surgical arm and neurosurgical counterpart, with the exception of fractures and mal-alignments. Similar study was performed examining changes in the joints. Stains were the most commonly observed change pattern in both sets of instruments. Fractures were most frequent in the working ends in both sets of instruments.

Conclusion: There is an alarming incidence of wear and tear patterns in the instruments used in the surgical units, even within the first year of their use. This supports the strict implementation of reprocessing guidelines by well trained workers and their quality assessments via audit checks. The quality of the purchased instruments also plays a pivotal role.
Scientific activity of students: a systematic analysis
Authors: Байлук Владимир , Bayluk Vladimir
Published: January 2018

In the first book in the domestic pedagogical literature scientific activity of students is examined as a holistic system. The essence of scientific activity of students, and its community in institutional research activities and high-quality contrast, revealed the structure of scientific activity as a system and its functions, highlighted qualitative differences between the second coursework of the first, coursework from the qualification work and the latest from master's thesis identified factors of external and internal determination of scientific activities of students.
Developed by the innovative technology of scientific activity of students, comprising the following stages: the preparatory stage, search stage, the verification stage, the stage of realization (it is highlighted: dismenoreei objectification, Asteraceae, practical and subjective), the evaluation stage.
The book is addressed to students, undergraduates of social and educational organisations and teachers involved in the preparation of their scientific activities.
The Social Life of Books
Authors: Williams Abigail
Published: January 2018

Two centuries before the advent of radio, television, and motion pictures, books were a cherished form of popular entertainment and an integral component of domestic social life. This history explores the ways in which shared reading shaped the lives and literary culture of the time, offering new perspectives on how books have been used by their readers, and the part that they have played in middle-class homes and families. Drawing on marginalia, letters and diaries, library catalogues, elocution manuals, subscription lists, and more, the book offers fresh and fascinating insights into reading, performance, and the history of middle-class home life.
Revolution Against Empire
Authors: du Rivage Justin
Published: January 2018

This book sets the story of American independence within a long and fierce clash over the political and economic future of the British Empire. The book traces this decades-long debate, which pitted neighbors and countrymen against one another, from the War of Austrian Succession to the end of the American Revolution. As people from Boston to Bengal grappled with the growing burdens of imperial rivalry and fantastically expensive warfare, some argued that austerity and new colonial revenue were urgently needed to rescue Britain from unsustainable taxes and debts. Others insisted that Britain ought to treat its colonies as relative equals and promote their prosperity. Drawing from archival research in the United States, Britain, and France, this book shows how disputes over taxation, public debt, and inequality sparked the American Revolution, and reshaped the British Empire.
‘Just can’t go to sleep’: DIY cultures and alternative economies from the perspective of social theory
Authors: Guerra Paula
Published: January 2018

This article explores the modalities of involvement of young people in underground punk music scenes, as they forge do-it-yourself (DIY) careers through applying skills in production, promotion, composition and performance, acquired through long-term immersion in these scenes. In each such career, we can see an illustration of how youth culture can be seen as a platform through which young people acquire practical skills and competence in an era of risk, uncertainty and precarious living. Working with a corpus of over 200 interviews, we propose an analysis of the representations of Portuguese punk scene members with regard to the DIY experience, demonstrating and specifying scene knowledge, networks and skills, which are crucial to the location of these subcultural entrepreneurs in the larger labour market. We will also attempt to demonstrate the importance of DIY ethics, aesthetics and praxis in the constitution and dynamics of the Portuguese punk scene from the late 1970s until today, highlighting its role in the lives of the participants. Moreover, we will look at DIY as an expression of the symbolic capital of punk, enabling careers, pathways, trajectories and roles, as well as functioning as a specific (sub-)cultural capital present in most underground musical events, and with particular intensity in the case of punk. Finally, the feud between the mainstream and the underground is a key issue in the discussion of the DIY ethos, taking us into the core of the question of authenticity.
O mercado de crédito especializado ao consumo em Portugal
Authors: Garcia Teresa , Vieira Paulo
Published: January 2018

O artigo analisa o mercado de crédito ao consumo em Portugal no período 1998-2011. A análise econométrica considera diversos modelos de regressão linear para identificar e avaliar o impacto das variáveis que o determinam, assente na teoria do ciclo de vida do consumo, na economia do crédito ao consumo e na teoria das finanças pessoais. Os resultados da estimação dos modelos permitiram concluir que as variações trimestrais do crédito concedido num dado trimestre são fortemente influenciadas pela variação do trimestre imediatamente anterior, bem como pelo fator sazonal presente no quarto trimestre de cada ano do período em análise. Adicionalmente, as importações desempenham um papel determinante na evolução da concessão deste tipo de crédito.
The Postcolonial Self and the Other in Béla Tarr’sWerckmeister Harmonies
Authors: Tion Lucian
Published: January 2018

This work sets off to offer a polemical response to postcolonialist theories advanced by Homi Bhabha in his seminal workThe Location of Culture, particularly to Bhabha’s famous notions ofambivalenceandmimicrypurportedly used as methods of struggle against colonialism. Reading Béla Tarr’s filmWerckmeister Harmonies(Werckmeister harmóniák, 2000) as an allegory for the colonization of a former colonial agent in the guise of an ambiguously framed post-imperial Hungary now on the eve of Soviet invasion, I turn Bhabha’s notions on their heads, and thus de-stereotype the simplistic hierarchy that sees the colonial agent dominate the colonized subject in a top-down approach. To achieve this, I bring into play Kuan-Hsing Chen’s notion of deimperialization as well as the psychoanalysis of Octave Mannoni in order to show that rather than being a straightforward misreading of the Other by an uninformed Self, the relationship between colonized and colonizer appears more like a failed attempt at acquiring the most basic knowledge of the psychological functioning of the Self on both sides of the colonized/colonizer divide.
Multiple Revolutions. Remediating and Re-enacting the Romanian Events of 1989
Authors: Dánél Mónika
Published: January 2018

This study proposes a twofold analysis: the presumable strategies of the December 1989 events in Romania and their complexity as it appears in later filmic re-enactments. These re-enactments as theatrical “translations” offer a rhetorical reading of past events, and can also be seen as practices of memories inscribed in the body. The events are interpreted in the duality of the archival image and the acoustic/gestural memory, where the latter is understood as an atmospheric (bodily) memory. The disorientation or disinformation caused by the technical conditions, the circulation or lack of images, the alternating silences and chanting on the street make the past events incomprehensible and medially dissonant.1
Legal and Practical Aspects Regarding the Development of the Road Safety Audit in Romania
Authors: Tarnu Lucian Ioan
Published: January 2018

Road safety, security and prevention of accidents in road traffic are both a national and international priority. Each road user should have an important and active role, thinking of both his own safety and about the danger he poses to the other participants’ safety through his behavior in traffic.
Low Environmental Impact Method for Controlling the Peach Fruit Fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata Wied.), in Mango Orchards in Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud M.F. , Osman M.A.M. , El-Hussiny M.A.M. , Elsebae A.A. , Hassan S.A. , Said M.
Published: January 2018

The study was carried out at two experimental farms in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, during season of 2015 and 2016. GF-120 (Conserve®0.024% CB) was selected in this study to evaluate its efficacy for controlling the peach fruit fly,Bactrocera zonata(Saunders) and the Mediterranean fruit fly,Ceratitis capitata(Wied.), on mango fruits by using partial bait spray and spots method. GF-120 was used as low environmental impact method and new way to controlB. zonataandC. capitata, compared with malathion 57%, as traditional insecticide. During both seasons, data revealed that the number ofC. capitatacaptured weekly from different treatments and untreated plots was higher than the number ofB. zonatacaptured in both seasons of experiment. Data revealed that the number males ofB. zonataandC. capitatacaptured weekly from sticky traps were lower in trees treated with GF-120 than malathion and untreated plots. In the farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, the lowest percentages of infestation of both dropping and setting fruits per tree were recorded in plots treated with GF120 (spots), with an average of 25.14 and 17.022% for dropping fruits and 2.2 and 2.0% for setting fruits for 2015 and 2016 season, respectively. Data indicated that the all tested formulation under field condition caused significant reduction in the rate of infestation from 54.92 to 81.79 for both dropping and setting fruits. The lowest percentages of infestations in the private farm of both dropping and setting fruits per tree were recorded in GF-120 (spray treatment), with an average of 20.0, 12.12 for dropping fruits and 3.4 and 4.0 for setting fruits for 2015 and 2016 seasons, respectively.
In Vitro Production of Embryos at Research and Development Station for Cattle Breeding Dancu, Iasi – First Bovine Embryos Produced In Vitro in North-Eastern Romania
Authors: Borş S.I. , Creangă Şt. , Dascălu D.L. , Ruginosu Elena , Davidescu Mădălina Alexandra , Borş Alina , Ibănescu I.
Published: January 2018

Thein vitroproduction (IVP) of bovine embryos increases the selection intensity in cattle and reduces the generation interval, which is very important in the genetic gain. In Romania, this reproductive biotechnology has shown a timid evolution in the last years, although the need for genetic improvement in the area is present. The aim of this paper is to describe the work that resulted in first bovine embryos obtained through IVP in North-Eastern Romania. Oocytes were collected by slashing ovaries from slaughtered cows, matured in a TCM199-based medium and fertilized in TL-based medium microdrops with sperm processed by swim-up procedure. The presumptive embryos were cultured one day in TCM199 and 8 days in SOF-based medium and evaluated in days 7, 8 and 9 after fertilization. We retrieved an average number of 83 usable oocytes/IVF session, which represents 73.8% from the total harvested oocytes. The average number of cleaved embryos was 50.8 per IVF, reflecting an average cleavage rate of 61.2%. An average of 8.6 blastocysts/IVF session was obtained, representing 10.4% of the selected oocytes or 16.9% of the number of cleaved embryos. Although suboptimal, the results were comparable with other reports on IVP in cattle. The adapted IVP protocol, based on maturation with TCM199, fertilization in microdrops of TL and culture of presumptive embryos one day in TCM199 and afterwards in SOF seems to offer acceptable results and will be used for further attempts to produce bovine embryos.
A novel power harmonic analysis method based on Nuttall-Kaiser combination window double spectrum interpolated FFT algorithm
Authors: Jin Tao , Chen Yiyang , Flesch Rodolfo C. C.
Published: January 2018

Harmonics pose a great threat to safe and economical operation of power grids. Therefore, it is critical to detect harmonic parameters accurately to design harmonic compensation equipment. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is widely used for electrical popular power harmonics analysis. However, the barrier effect produced by the algorithm itself and spectrum leakage caused by asynchronous sampling often affects the harmonic analysis accuracy. This paper examines a new approach for harmonic analysis based on deducing the modifier formulas of frequency, phase angle, and amplitude, utilizing the Nuttall-Kaiser window double spectrum line interpolation method, which overcomes the shortcomings in traditional FFT harmonic calculations. The proposed approach is verified numerically and experimentally to be accurate and reliable.
Smith predictor with sliding mode control for processes with large dead times
Authors: Mehta Utkal , Kaya İbrahim
Published: January 2018

The paper discusses the Smith Predictor scheme with Sliding Mode Controller (SP-SMC) for processes with large dead times. This technique gives improved load-disturbance rejection with optimum input control signal variations. A power rate reaching law is incorporated in the sporadic part of sliding mode control such that the overall performance recovers meaningfully. The proposed scheme obtains parameter values by satisfying a new performance index which is based on biobjective constraint. In simulation study, the efficiency of the method is evaluated for robustness and transient performance over reported techniques.
Effect of Humic Acid on Growth and Productivity of Tomato Plants Under Heat Stress
Authors: Abdellatif Islam Mohamed Yassin , Abdel-Ati Youssef Youssef , Abdel-Mageed Yousry Tammam , Hassan Mohamed Abdel-Moneim Mohamed
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of humic acid (HA) applied at 4.8, 9.6 and 14.4 kg·ha−1 on the growth and productivity of two tomato hybrids Nema 1400 and Platinium 5043 under hot continental climate. HA was applied twice to soil: the first one – three weeks from transplanting and the second one, after one week from the first application, in both seasons. Application of HA during the summer season targeted a great results on tomato plant growth and productivity. HA at 14.4 kg·ha−1 in-creased the vegetative growth of tomatoes (plant height and fresh weight) and flowering parameters (number of flower clusters and flowers per plant) as well as yield characters (fruit number per plant and fruit weight, which resulted in higher early and total yield) in both seasons. HA application had the least impact on fruit number per plant, and on vitamin C and total soluble solids (TSS) concentration as compared with control.
Tracking climate signals in varved lake sediments: research strategy and key sites for comprehensive process studies in the Masurian Lakeland
Authors: Tylmann Wojciech , Głowacka Paulina , Szczerba Agnieszka
Published: January 2018

Lake sediments are excellent archives of environmental and climate change. Especially important are varved sediments which can provide high-resolution (annual) records of those changes. Process studies including limnological measurements, particle flux monitoring and analyses of sediment structures give an opportunity to explain relationships between meteorological conditions, in-lake processes and varve formation. In our study, three lakes were selected in the Masurian Lakeland: Lake Żabińskie, Łazduny and Rzęśniki. These relatively small and deep lakes contain well preserved biogenic varves. The lakes are influenced by the same meteorological conditions but differ in terms of their catchment size, land use, hydrology, lake basin morphology and trophic status. To explore the relationships between different parameters and preservation/transformation of climate signals in the sediments we started systematic limnological measurements in the water column of these lakes, water sampling for hydrochemical analyses, monitoring of modern sedimentation using sediment traps and analysis of topmost varves from short sediment cores. With this comprehensive and high-resolution monitoring program scheduled for at least four years we are going to verify the potential of varves to track short-term meteorological phenomena in lake sediments.
Annealing temperature effect on structural, morphological and optical parameters of mesoporous TiO2film photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cell application
Authors: Hossain M. Khalid , Pervez M. F. , Mia M. N. H. , Tayyaba S. , Uddin M. Jalal , Ahamed R. , Khan Ruhul A. , Hoq M. , Khan Mubarak A. , Ahmed Farid
Published: January 2018

Use of Degussa P25 titanium-dioxide nanopowder in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) photoanode improves efficiency of the DSSC cell. Annealing of titanium dioxide is required for fabrication of crystalline mesoporous thin film photoanode on transparent conducting glass using doctor blade method. Different annealing temperatures provide different structural, morphological, and optical properties of the photoanode, which may influence the efficiency of the cell. In this paper, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopicanalysis have been carried out to investigate annealing temperature effect on various structural parameters, mole-fraction, phase-content, and optical bandgap of the TiO2film photoanode. It was observed that depending on annealing temperature, theratio of polymorphs of Degussa P25 changed substantially. For the change in annealing temperature from 350 °C to 600 °C, variations occurred in crystallite size from 11.9 nm to 24.9 nm, strain from 0.006 to 0.014, specific surface area from 62.77 m2·g-1to 125.74 m2·g-1, morphology index from 0.49 to 0.64, dislocation density from 5 × 1013line/m2to 8 × 1015line/m2, crystallite per unit surface area from 2 × 1013m-2to 2.5 × 1014m-2, and optical bandgap from 2.4 eV to 3.1 eV.
Smetana and Shakespeare
Authors: Mojzísová Olga
Published: January 2018

This study deals with Bedrich Smetanas encounters with the legacy of William Shakespeare. The introduction is devoted to Smetana’s participation at the celebration of Shakespeare’s 300th birthday in 1864, at which he took part in the organization and dramaturgy as a conductor and a composer. The next part deals with the possible sources of Smetana’s knowledge of Shakespeare’s plays, followed by compositions inspired by specific dramas. It describes the circumstances of the genesis of the symphonic poem Richard III and of the piano composition Macbeth and Smetana’s conception of those works’ subject matter in relation to the shift of his artistic orientation towards programme music during his stay in Sweden. Above all, on the basis of their exchanged correspondence, the study then examines the ups and downs of Smetana’s relationship with the Eliska Krásnohorská and the composer’s unfinished opera Viola based on Twelfth Night.
Evaluation of stigmatized properties
Authors: Hajnal István
Published: January 2018

Stigmatized property is real estate burdened with an external negative effect. Individual cases are spread along a broad spectrum, along many dimensions that include the rational and the irrational, the acute and the chronic. Examples for the stigmatizing effect are a nearby airport, ground water contaminated by chemicals, presence of a high-voltage power line, and so on. Evaluation of these properties needs special methodology. Stigma can reduce the property’s market value through a particular, multi-layered filter. The author systematically examines the professional literature’s cases of evaluation of stigmatized properties. The research aims to organize and compare the cases in order to calculate the market value of stigmatized properties. Based on the analysis, six significant dimensions are identified. A focus group of 19 experts examined and individually evaluated the stigmatizing effects along these different dimensions. The author suggests that it is possible to estimate the stigma’s effect and compare different cases to one another effectively. The results allow the international methodology of valuation to be processed.
The Comprehensive Approach Concept in Multinational Operations
Authors: Neag Mihai-Marcel , Ispas Lucian , Grindeanu Cătălin
Published: January 2018

The planning of operations is regulated by documents covering the participation of forces in military actions in a national and multinational context. The process of planning the operations has been adapted to conceptual planning progress. The concept of allied effect-based operations, which was an alternative to old national concepts, has undergone transformations, so the process of planning operations at allied level is currently based on the concept of a comprehensive approach, which is a strategic concept, do not give up effects. The term action-based operations has been replaced by the term “thought-based thinking” and belongs to the general concept of comprehensive approach. If the planning process meant the effects, so the main planning objectives were the effects, then the planning was based on concrete objectives, the effects being maintained for the economy of effort and maximizing efficiency, the main purpose of the effects being the evaluation of the operations. From this point of view, we consider that the concept has not been abandoned, what has changed, it was just the working method, the subject being still topical.
Business Intelligence Integrated Solutions
Authors: Cristescu Marian Pompiliu
Published: January 2018

A Business Intelligence solution concerns the simple, real-time access to complete information about the business shown in a relevant format of the report, graphic or dashboard type in order help the taking of strategic decisions regarding the direction in which the company goes. Business Intelligence does not produce data, but uses the data produced by the company’s applications. BI solutions extract their data from ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), HCM (Human Capital Management), and Retail, eCommerce or other databases used in the company.
Overall Equipment Effectiveness within Counterfactual Impact Evaluation Concept
Authors: Rylková Žaneta , Stelmach Karel , Vlček Petr
Published: January 2018

Counterfactual impact evaluation (CIE) is a scientific quantitative approach mainly based on experiments and quasi experiments. CIE is trying to prove a causal relationship between outputs and outcomes. CIE does not take into account coherence of external incentives of companies with internal incentives that have or may have an impact on the behaviour of enterprises. The paper sets up internal evaluation indicators for businesses, counterfactuals useful for creating a more complex metrics evaluating businesses in the area of performance. The aim of the paper is to present model situation using the elementary principle of counterfactual impact evaluation based on “the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)”.
Existence and Efficiency of Stationary States in a Renewable Resource Based OLG Model with Different Harvest Costs
Authors: Farmer Karl , Bednar-Friedl Birgit
Published: January 2018

In a renewable resource based overlapping generations (OLG) model without harvest costs, a complex combination of the time discount factor, the resource production share, and the natural regeneration rate ensure the existence of a stationary market equilibrium and its intergenerational efficiency when the own rate of return on natural capital is positive. This paper investigates to what extent previous findings carry over to an OLG economy with two types of unit harvest costs (constant, inverse stock dependent) arising from the competition for labor between resource harvesting and resource processing. In contrast to the model without harvest cost, we show why large unit harvest costs, surprisingly, do not require a complex combination of basic parameters for the existence of a stationary state, and that in the model with stock dependent costs intergenerational efficiency might occur even when the own rate of return on natural capital is negative.
Discount stores in a large city – the “biedronkisation” of the urban space – the case of Warsa
Authors: Fuhrmann Magdalena
Published: January 2018

Intensive development of discount store chains has been noticeable in Poland over the last couple of years. This phenomenon is also present in the largest cities, in which – at least in the beginning – investors representing this type of shopping chain were not interested. This article presents research results on the “Biedronka” chain of discount shops in Warsaw. Particular emphasis has been placed on the location of the individual shops in relation to the city centre, and on the specific characteristics of the locations in which the shops have been established (type of building, former function).
Multiple Lines of Evidence Indicate That Gliotransmission Does Not Occur under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Fiacco Todd A. , McCarthy Ken D.
Published: January 2018

A major controversy persists within the field of glial biology concerning whether or not, under physiological conditions, neuronal activity leads to Ca2+-dependent release of neurotransmitters from astrocytes, a phenomenon known as gliotransmission. Our perspective is that, while we and others can apply techniques to cause gliotransmission, there is considerable evidence gathered using astrocyte-specific and more physiological approaches which suggests that gliotransmission is a pharmacological phenomenon rather than a physiological process. Approaches providing evidence against gliotransmission include stimulation of Gq-GPCRs expressed only in astrocytes, as well as removal of the primary proposed source of astrocyte Ca2+responsible for gliotransmission. These approaches contrast with those supportive of gliotransmission, which include mechanical stimulation, strong astrocytic depolarization using whole-cell patch-clamp or optogenetics, uncaging Ca2+or IP3, chelating Ca2+using BAPTA, and nonspecific bath application of agonists to receptors expressed by a multitude of cell types. These techniques are not subtle and therefore are not supportive of recent suggestions that gliotransmission requires very specific and delicate temporal and spatial requirements. Other evidence, including lack of propagating Ca2+waves between astrocytes in healthy tissue, lack of expression of vesicular release machinery, and the demise of thed-serine gliotransmission hypothesis, provides additional evidence against gliotransmission. Overall, the data suggest that Ca2+-dependent release of neurotransmitters is the province of neurons, not astrocytes, in the intact brain under physiological conditions.

Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Gliotransmission: Beyond Black-and-White, by Iaroslav Savtchouk and Andrea Volterra
Manajemen Pelatihan Hantaran dalam Meningkatkan Kecakapan Hidup Warga Belajar di Lembaga Kursus dan Pelatihan
Authors: Herlinda Siti , Hidayat Sholeh , Djumena Irwan
Published: January 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan manajemen pelatihan dalam meningkatkan kecakapan hidup warga belajar, hasil, faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dari hasil observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian yaitu pengelola, instruktur, dan empat warga belajar. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber, metode dan teori. Analisis data menggunakan tiga tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan simpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen pelatihan sudah berjalan baik, dilihat dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, dan evaluasi. Hasil pelatihan warga belajar dilihat dari tiga aspek yang mengacu ke SKL hantaran serta berkenaan dengan kecakapan hidup yaitu kecakapan personal, kecakapan sosial, kecakapan akademik, dan kecakapan vokasional. Faktor pendukungnya adalah manajerial yang baik, kemauan dan motivasi, sarana dan prasana memadai, instruktur mengajar dengan baik, respon baik warga belajar, serta lingkungan yang bersih. Faktor penghambat adanya perbedaan kemauan dan motivasi setiap warga belajar, jarak tempat pelatihan jauh, dan ruang kelas yang bising.
Housewife Empowerment Training Skills through Processing Waste Products to be Economic Value
Authors: Gayatri Askardiya Mirza , Hapsari Sri , Aqil Deden Ibnu
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this research is to improve the skills of housewives Sawangan, Depok, in the use of waste cloth into brooches, necklaces, earrings, towels, and other accessories through community empowerment. Empowerment is a community effort to increase the capacity to prepare themselves through the provision of knowledge and skills. Stages empowerment counseling begins with awareness of the importance of taking wastewater to protect the environment and entrepreneurship motivation, followed by waste processing training, mentoring makes products to become independent, as well as promotional strategies. Through counseling and training, is expected to explore the potential that there is in the group of mothers in the household, so that it can generate income to the household economy, either as principal or as an additional revenue, as well as a provision for opening an independent business in the creative industries. If it is implemented properly and sustained, will indirectly assist in economic growth in both the domestic and regional levels in the District Sawangan.
Pengaruh Diklat Santri Siap Guna terhadap Peserta Pelatihan
Authors: Darmawan Dadan
Published: January 2018

Memburuknya kualitas agama di kalangan masyarakat, membuat para masyarakat memiliki etos kerja yang kurang baik pula karena pekerjaan yang dilakukan lebih ditakutkan pada atasan dan bukan pada ketakutan terhadap tanggungjawab pribadi dan tanggung jawab pada Tuhan. Dengan permasalahan ini Yayasan Daarut Tauhid mengadakan pendidikan keagamaan yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan model pendidikan dan pelatihan. dalam pelatihan ini penyelenggara menginginkan agar para peserta memiliki karakter BAKU, (Baik dan Kuat) tentunya juga dalam hal pekerjaan, maka dari itu peneliti berusaha menganalisa sejauh mana pengaruh pendidikan dan pelatihan Santri Siap Guna terhadap Kinerja, Motivasi Kerja, Produktivitas, dan Kompetensi Peserta pelatihan ? . metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Kuantitatif Deskriptif, Dalam menentukan metode penelitian, penulis bertitik tolak pada tujuan yang ingin dicapai yakni untuk mengungkap data tentang Pengaruh Pendidikan dan pelatihan Santri Siap Guna (SSG) terhadap peserta. Dengan menggunakan angket peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa 80, 83 % peserta yang termasuk kategori sangat setuju, berpendapat sangat setuju bahwa pelatihan SSG berpengaruh pada peserta yang dilaksanakan dalam kehidupan sehari – hari. Di ukur dengan 4 indikator dengan diantaranya yang mempunyai persentase Kinerja = 19.67%, Motivasi = 16.17, Produktivitas, 15.41 % dan kompetensi 80.64 % data ini diperoleh dari 31 responden dengan menggunakan 30 butir angket.
An Overexpressed Q Allele Leads to Increased Spike Density and Improved Processing Quality in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Xu Bin-Jie , Chen Qing , Zheng Ting , Jiang Yun-Feng , Qiao Yuan-Yuan , Guo Zhen-Ru , Cao Yong-Li , Wang Yan , Zhang Ya-Zhou , Zong Lu-Juan , Zhu Jing , Liu Cai-Hong , Jiang Qian-Tao , Lan Xiu-Jin , Ma Jian , Wang Ji-Rui , Zheng You-Liang , Wei Yu-Ming , Qi Peng-Fei
Published: January 2018

Spike density and processing quality are important traits in modern wheat production and are controlled by multiple gene loci. The associated genes have been intensively studied and new discoveries have been constantly reported during the past few decades. However, no gene playing a significant role in the development of these two traits has been identified. In the current study, a common wheat mutant with extremely compact spikes and good processing quality was isolated and characterized. A new allele (Qc1) of the Q gene (an important domestication gene) responsible for the mutant phenotype was cloned, and the molecular mechanism for the mutant phenotype was studied. Results revealed that Qc1 originated from a point mutation that interferes with the miRNA172-directed cleavage of Q transcripts, leading to its overexpression. It also reduces the longitudinal cell size of rachises, resulting in an increased spike density. Furthermore, Qc1 increases the number of vascular bundles, which suggests a higher efficiency in the transportation of assimilates in the spikes of the mutant than that of wild type. This accounts for the improved processing quality. The effects of Qc1 on spike density and wheat processing quality were confirmed by analyzing nine common wheat mutants possessing four different Qc alleles. These results deepen our understanding of the key roles of Q gene, and provide new insights for the potential application of Qc alleles in wheat quality breeding.
Completion Rate and Safety of Tuberculosis Infection Treatment With Shorter Regimens
Authors: Cruz Andrea T. , Starke Jeffrey R.
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:

The traditional treatment of tuberculosis (TB) infection (9 months of daily isoniazid [9H]) is safe but completion rates of <50% are reported. Shorter regimens (3 months of once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine [3HP] or 4 months of daily rifampin [4R]) are associated with improved adherence in adults.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study (2014–2017) of children (0–18 years old) seen at a children’s TB clinic in a low-incidence nation. We compared the frequency of completion and adverse events (AEs) in children receiving 3HP, 4R, and 9H; the latter 2 regimens could be administered by families (termed self-administered therapy [SAT]) or as directly observed preventive therapy (DOPT); 3HP was always administered under DOPT.

RESULTS:

TB infection treatment was started in 667 children: 283 (42.4%) 3HP, 252 (37.8%) 9H, and 132 (19.8%) 4R. Only 52% of children receiving 9H via SAT completed therapy. Children receiving 3HP were more likely to complete therapy than the 9H (SAT) group (odds ratio [OR] 27.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.8–63.7). Multivariate analyses found receipt of medication under DOPT (OR: 5.72, 95% CI: 3.47–9.43), increasing age (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17), and the absence of any AE (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 0.26–0.60) to be associated with completing therapy. AEs were more common in the 9H group (OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.48–4.32). Two (0.9%) children receiving 9H developed hepatotoxicity; no child receiving 3HP or 4R developed hepatotoxicity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Shorter regimens are associated with increased completion rates and fewer AEs than 9H.
Introducción al número especial "Desigualdad"
Authors: Bogliacino Francesco , Rossi Maximo
Published: January 2018

EL RETORNO DE UN TEMALa desigualdad ha vuelto a ser objeto central del análisis económico. La afirmación de Lucas (2004), según la cual la atención a las cuestiones distributivas sería venenosa para la profesión, ya no refleja el sentimiento dominante. El éxito de Stiglitz (2012), Atkinson (2015), Milanovic (2016) y, por supuesto, Piketty (2014), supone dos consideraciones importantes. En primer lugar, el estudio de la desigualdad no solo se ha vuelto una preocupación académica, sino que refleja un sentimiento común: la mala distribución conlleva consecuencias negativas sobre la sociedad (Salverda et al., 2014; Wilkinson y Pikett, 2009). En segundo lugar, un determinante clave del retorno de interés se debe al esfuerzo de recopilación de datos, sobre el cual Piketty es obviamente un modelo, pero no el único. A escala mundial, buena parte del interés se ha concentrado en los cambios distributivos generados por la globalización, es decir, por el conjunto de reformas institucionales a escala nacional e internacional que caracterizó a las cuatro últimas décadas. Desde 1980, la desigualdad ha crecido en casi todos los países.
Staphylococcus spp. resistentes em hemoculturas e superfícies hospitalares e a segurança do paciente
Authors: De Almeida Karoline Rissele Henrique , Silva Natally Dos Santos , Rocha Igor Vasconcelos , Xavier Danilo Elias , Leal Nilma Cintra , De Oliveira Sibele Ribeiro
Published: January 2018

Justificativa e Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença e resistência de Staphylococcus aureus e estafilococos coagulase-negativos resistentes à oxacilina isolados em superfícies e hemoculturas em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital de emergência na cidade de Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo transversal, sendo as coletas realizadas a partir das superfícies dos leitos de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Paralelamente, amostras de hemoculturas dos respectivos pacientes também foram obtidas. As amostras foram coletadas por amostragem de conveniência e a identificação dos microrganismos isolados se deu através de espectrometria de massas. Resultados:

Observou-se uma prevalência maior de bactérias do grupo dos Staphylococcus coagulase negativo-SCN (76,92%) em relação à espécie de Staphylococcus aureus (23,07%). Dentre os microrganismos

identificados como resistentes à oxacilina, 12,5% das espécies apresentaram semelhança nas amostras de superfície do leito e hemocultura do mesmo paciente. Conclusões: As bactérias resistentes identificadas reforçam a importância de enfatizar as medidas gerais de

higienização do ambiente no que se refere a segurança do paciente nos serviços de saúde. DESCRITORES: Infecção Hospitalar. Contaminação de Equipamentos. Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Infecções Estafilocócicas.
O saber e o fazer de acadêmicos de enfermagem frente a acidentes com instrumentos perfurocortantes
Authors: Ferreira Helder , Gatelli Pamela Juliana , Silveira Natyele Rippel , Moura Cynthia Bordes de
Published: January 2018

Justificativas e Objetivos: Os ferimentos causados por acidentes com instrumentos perfurocortantes representam atualmente um grave problema nas instituições de saúde, logo, a pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar se o que os acadêmicos de enfermagem dizem saber sobre as práticas corretas em caso de acidentes com instrumentos

perfurocortantes, corresponde ou não ao que eles dizem que fariam caso o acidente acontecesse. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 88 discentes de dois campi de uma universidade estadual do estado do Paraná. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um instrumento composto de oito situações que descreviam acidentes hipotéticos com

instrumentos perfurocortantes na prática de enfermagem. Cada situação era seguida de três alternativas: uma correta, uma parcialmente correta e outra incorreta. Em cada uma o aluno era solicitado a indicar qual conduta o profissional deveria tomar; assim como avaliar o que o profissional realmente faria na situação descrita. Resultados: Observouse

discrepância entre o que os acadêmicos dizem “saber” sobre as práticas corretas em casos de acidentes e o que eles dizem sobre o “fazer” frente ao acidente. Conclusão: Conclui-se que intervenções e estratégias por parte das instituições de ensino precisam ser desenvolvidas a fim de minimizar tais diferenças, reforçar os riscos envolvidos nos

acidentes com materiais biológicos, e enfatizar a importância de medidas preventivas.

DESCRITORES: Riscos ocupacionais. Acidentes de trabalho. Saúde do trabalhador. Ferimentos penetrantes. Equipe de enfermagem.
Periodic evaluation of drug utilization in intensive coronary care unit patients in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sharma Sangeeta Nath , Holla Rajendra , K. Subramanyam , Srinivas Mangala
Published: January 2018

Background: A wide and gradual variation exists periodically in the patterns of pharmacotherapy among patients admitted with CVDs in CCU. Periodic evaluation of drug utilization in the CCU is necessary for optimization of health care system, proper use of resources and making prescription policy.Methods: It was retrospective and prospective study. Study was carried out at Tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. Retrospective study period was from 1/07/2010 till 31/12/2010 and Prospective study duration was from 1/01/2016 till 30/06/2016. Patients from CCU were participants of this study.Results: Data of total 278 patients were taken, out of which 138 patients from 2010 and 140 patients in 2016 were analyzed respectively and were compared among drug therapy for IHD - Nitrates, dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel), dyslipidemic drugs and beta blockers remain drug of choice in both retrospective and prospective study. But, anticoagulant (heparin/ LMWH) use increased in prospective studies. In Heart failure - nitrates, antiplatelet, dyslipidemic drugs followed by inotropes and diuretics was used in both study. Cardiomyopathy was managed with diuretics, ACEIs, and nitrates in both retrospective and prospective study.Conclusions: In conclusion, predominance of male gender and poly-pharmacy were observed. However, it has identified areas to further rationalize and optimize patterns of polypharmacy and evidence based use of medications like beta blockers, anticoagulants/antiplatelet agents and antiarrythmisc. The results on the major determinants of cardiovascular drug use in CCU matched with the existing indications and cautions for use with each drug class.
A prospective study comparing the safety and efficacy of combination of aceclofenac and thiocolchicoside against aceclofenac alone in low back pain
Authors: Nellika Aparna Mathummal , Mothalampet Anuradha , Rajagopal Sooraj
Published: January 2018

Background: Aceclofenac is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly prescribed in patients with acute low back pain. Thiocolchicoside is a skeletal muscle relaxant which is used in combination with NSAIDs. The efficacy of a combination of aceclofenac and thiocolchicoside has to be proved over aceclofenac alone in patients with acute low back pain. Objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of a combination of aceclofenac and thiocolchicoside against aceclofenac alone in patients with acute low back pain.Methods: This study was undertaken as a prospective comparative study. Patients with acute low back pain receiving either aceclofenac 100 mg or a combination of aceclofenac 100 mg and thiocolchicoside 4 mg twice daily were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups of 50 each. The primary efficacy parameter was pain intensity measured on a visual analogue scale. Adverse effects if any were monitored at the follow up visit.Results: At the start of the study, pain intensity, measured on visual analogue scale was comparable in both the groups. At the end point, there was a reduction in pain intensity in both the groups and the reduction was more significant in the combination group (p <0.001). Adverse effects reported in both the groups were found to be comparable.Conclusions: Combination of aceclofenac and thiocolchicoside is superior to aceclofenac alone in patients with acute low back pain.