bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperledger Foundation 2023 Brand Study: How Benefits and Challenges Create Opportunities for the Enterprise Blockchain Brand
Authors: Hermansen Anna
Published: December 2024

Hyperledger Foundation partnered with LF Research in 2023 to examine the public’s awareness, perceptions, and opinions of their brand, similar to the research study conducted in 2021. The aim of this project was to measure perceptions of the enterprise-grade blockchain technology market, with a specific focus on Hyperledger technologies’ place in this market.

This study takes its insights from a survey fielded in the blockchain community as well as a set of interviews conducted with subject matter experts. The report discusses the current state of the enterprise blockchain market, the perceptions and opinions of the Hyperledger brand in comparison with other enterprise-grade brands, the benefits of using the technology, use cases, and challenges in adoption. This report concludes with some forward-looking recommendations for Hyperledger Foundation to address these challenges and maintain its position as a leading enterprise-grade blockchain brand.
2023 Energy Transformation Readiness Study: Survey-based Insights into Energy Sector Digitalization Through Open Source
Authors: Lawson Adrienn , Gerosa Marco
Published: December 2024

The Linux Foundation Energy set out on a mission to transform the energy sector through open source investment and collaboration. This survey-based research furthers this cause by exploring the adoption of open source technology stacks vital to achieving climate targets. It also intends to provide actionable insights stemming from the state of digital transformation readiness among energy stakeholders and the identification of existing gaps in educational tooling.

This report finds that energy stakeholders are on the path of digital transformation and are keen to adopt open source technology. Although intentions and first steps are visible in the sector, we are yet to see industry-wide full adoption and magnified contribution to open source. The training and upskilling of the energy sector workforce will play a crucial role in this effort.
Japan Spotlight 2023: Open Source Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities in Japan
Authors: Lawson Adrienn , Hendrick Stephen
Published: December 2024

In 2023, Linux Foundation Research launched a project with the aim of examining regional similarities and differences in open source use and contribution. After completing our European and worldwide analyses, this third analysis takes a look at trends in the Japanese market.

This report gleans its insight from the 2023 World of Open Source survey data we collected from Japanese respondents, analyzing the region’s specific trends in open source adoption, use, and contributions. It finds that open source is widely used in Japan and that the majority of respondents believe that the benefits outweigh the costs. However, there are still important considerations for adoption, including concerns about licensing and intellectual property. Respondents gave a few suggestions for increased adoption and contribution, including greater funding for the commercial open source startup ecosystem.

This report provides evidence to better engage with the open source community in the country and support more sustainable development.
The Open Source Opportunity for Microgrids: Five Ways to Drive Innovation and Overcome Market Barriers for Energy Resilience
Authors: Groopman Jessica , Lindstrom Jeff
Published: December 2024

Microgrids – small and independent energy generation and storage systems that connect to traditional utility grids – represent a foundational shift in the way we generate and distribute energy, and are quickly becoming an answer to calls for greater energy resiliency. However, this market faces a number of obstacles in its growth, such as high financial and technical barriers to entry, fragmentation of standards and technologies, and policy and incumbent resistance.

Linux Foundation Research partnered with Futurewei, LF Energy, and Intentional Futures to research the state of open source in the microgrids market. We conducted interviews with subject matter experts in the energy sector to understand where the open source opportunities and gaps exist, and how greater open source adoption could potentially address market barriers by encouraging greater innovation, modularity, interoperability, and access.
The 2023 State of Open Standards: Empirical Research on the Transition to Open Standards
Authors: Burson Jory
Published: December 2024

Standards are a part of the fabric of our technical systems and have important influence over decision-making and innovation. To better understand how these standards come to be, the Linux Foundation set out to research the practices currently used to develop and adopt standards in the information and computing technology sector.

This report synthesizes findings from a survey that asked LF and survey partner communities about their involvement in standards, the value of and growth in standards, and what challenges they have experienced in this practice. Overall, we found that our respondents prefer open standards over closed, that they see significant organizational value in using open standards, and that there are important challenges to consider when adopting standards.
Standing Together on Shared Challenges: Report on the 2023 Open Source Congress
Authors: Williams Anthony
Published: December 2024

In the footsteps of the January 2023 publication Enabling Global Collaboration: How Open Source Leaders are Confronting the Challenges of Fragmentation, the Linux Foundation hosted a Chatham House roundtable discussion with many leaders from the open source community to explore how to enhance ecosystem-wide collaboration on important topics. The discussion topics were synthesized into a detailed report that captures the meeting’s takeaways for improving collaboration on common issues such as regulation, cybersecurity, sustainability, and diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Open Source for Sustainability: How Projects Under the Linux Foundation Are Helping to Advance the UN Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Sandberg Kirsten
Published: December 2024

In 2017, two years after introducing the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in its “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," the United Nations reported that digital technology—particularly open source—would be instrumental in achieving them. Linux Foundation Research set out to understand how the open source community has advanced the SDGs so far, conducting a comprehensive study of the LF’s diverse portfolio of projects.

The study analyzed use cases as well as documented efforts of the community, its curators and contributors, and its working groups to map efforts to the different dimensions of sustainability represented by the SDGs. Our research identified hundreds of digital public goods, from open content and standards to software and hardware, that advance at least one of the 17 goals. By capturing where and how our projects are having impact, we outlined where the LF community can direct resources to broaden and deepen these efforts.

This report represents an insightful account of the open source ecosystem from the perspective of the people, the environments, and the social and political systems that are impacted by the Linux Foundation’s work. Read the detailed findings in the full report.
Recommended Practices for Hosting and Managing Open Source Projects on GitHub
Authors: Haddad Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

GitHub is a critical platform for the development and management of open source projects. When using the platform, there are important practices to consider so that a project maximizes its openness, collaboration, transparency, and community-oriented development.

This report is a reflection on the power of GitHub to manage open source projects. It is based on a compilation of best practices to help developers enhance project engagement, understandability, and organization. Recommendations range from documentation and communication practices to embedding open source principles into the foundations of project development.

These recommendations will help guide the creation and management of open source projects that get the most out of the many tools and opportunities provided by GitHub. Read the report for the full list of recommendations!
ÊNFASE EM GAYS E NÃO GAYS CISGÊNEROS
Authors: Silva João Pedro Santana Luciano da , Pacheco Vera
Published: December 2024

Neste estudo, buscamos investigar se há um padrão prosódico visual (Krahmer et. al, 2002) nas marcações de ênfases realizadas por sujeitos gays e não gays cisgêneros. Assim, selecionamos trezentos e quarenta e cinco ênfases retiradas de vídeos produzidos por três gays e três não gays cisgêneros youtubers. Realizamos análise de gestos faciais e manuais (Ekman; Friesen, 1976; McNeill, 1992; McNeill; Duncan, 2000; Bressem, 2013) presentes nas ênfases. Nossos resultados sinalizam maior expressividade gestual nas ênfases produzidas por sujeitos não gays. Por fim, concluímos que a realização da prosódia visual na marcação de ênfases não é determinada pela categoria “orientação sexual”.
Системы выпуска пучка для ускорителей электронов ИЛУ
Authors: Безуглов В.В. , Безуглов В.В. , Брязгин А.А. , Воронин Л.А. , Коробейников М.В. , Радченко В.М. , Сидоров А.В. , Ткаченко В.О. , Штарклев Е.А.
Published: December 2024

В данной работе представлены расчеты систем выпуска и поворота электронного пучка, разработанных для импульсных ускорителей электронов серии ИЛУ за последние годы. В частности, описана система сканирования пучка, отличительной особенностью которой от предыдущих аналогов является введение коррекции формы сканирующего магнитного поля. Приведены результаты испытаний данной системы на ускорителе ИЛУ-10 (5 МэВ, 50 кВт). Рассмотрена система выпуска пучка для ускорителя ИЛУ-14 (10 МэВ, 100 кВт), содержащая систему фокусировки пучка и коррекции его оси после выхода из ускоряющей структуры, а также выпускное устройство, позволяющее увеличить ширину сканирования пучка до 160 см. Также в работе описана система для поворота немонохроматичных электронных пучков, состоящая из двух магнитных зеркал, позволяющая компенсировать угловые расходимости пучка и получать после поворота электронный пучок с фазовыми характеристиками близкими к начальным. Приведены экспериментальные данные поворота электронного пучка на 180º.
Форвакуумные плазменные источники импульсного электронного пучка на основе дугового разряда с катодными пятнами и на основе контрагированного дугового разряда
Authors: Казаков А.В. , Окс Е.М. , Панченко Н.А.
Published: December 2024

Представлены результаты исследований особенностей функционирования импульсных форвакуумных плазменных источников электронов на основе дугового разряда с катодными пятнами и на основе контрагированного дугового разряда, с помощью которых получены импульсные низкоэнергетичные (до 10 кэВ) электронные пучки большого радиуса с длительностью импульса 50 мкс–10 мс и током до десятков ампер при давлении газа 4–30 Па. В исследованных источниках увеличение давления газа (N2, O2, Ar, He) приводит к существенному росту тока эмиссии и, соответственно, тока электронного пучка при неизменном токе разряда, при этом использование газа с большим сечением ионизации обеспечивает больший рост, однако при этом снижается электрическая прочность ускоряющего промежутка. При давлении газа менее некоторого порогового, величина которого определяется родом газа (например, для азота - 7 Па), увеличение тока разряда приводит к росту эффективности эмиссии электронов, а при давлениях более порогового - эффективность эмиссии уменьшается по мере увеличения тока разряда. С ростом давления газа скорость нарастания тока на фронте импульсов тока эмиссии и, соответственно, тока электронного пучка увеличивается, при этом более существенное увеличение наблюдается для источника на основе контрагированного дугового разряда. Наблюдаемые зависимости связаны с ионизационными процессами в ускоряющем промежутке источника и области транспортировки электронного пучка.
Влияние ведущего магнитного поля на транспортировку импульсного электронного пучка в источнике «СОЛО»
Authors: Тересов А.Д. , Коваль Т.В.
Published: December 2024

В работе экспериментально и с применением численного моделирования исследуется влияние ведущего неоднородного магнитного поля (Bmax = 36 – 300 Гс) на транспортировку импульсного электронного пучка до коллектора. Показано, что при малом магнитном поле (B = 36 Гс) энергетические потери электронов (более 25 %) на трубе дрейфа происходят в условиях неполной зарядовой компенсации пучка благодаря определяющему влиянию на траектории электронов собственных полей. Наибольшее влияние на снижение энергетических потерь оказывает увеличение давления газа (увеличение зарядовой компенсации пучка). Полученные численными методами результаты удовлетворительно согласуются с экспериментальными данными.
Создание комплексных функциональных слоев на основе боридов хрома и железа на поверхности штамповых сталей путем комбинированной обработки
Authors: Милонов А.С. , Мишигдоржийн У.Л. , Лысых С.А. , Семенов Ю.И. , Косачев М.Ю. , Дашеев Д.Э. , Демин К.А.
Published: December 2024

Рассматривается процесс модификации свойств функциональных слоев на основе боридов хрома и железа на поверхности инструментальной штамповой стали 5ХНМ полученных методом химико-термической обработки (ХТО) и последующей обработке полученных слоев на установке электронно–лучевой сварки (ЭЛС - В – 60/500). Введение в состав насыщающей смеси 35% оксида меди при ХТО приводит к формированию диффузионного боридного слоя с наибольшим значением микротвердости 1800 HV. Последующая обработка боридного слоя электронным пучком приводит к полной морфологической трансформации. При этом толщина слоя увеличивается до 700 мкм, а значение микротвердости снижается до 1227 HV.
Cyberbezpieczeństwo – sektorowe aspekty regulacyjne
Authors:   Katedra Prawa i Postępowania Administracyjnego, Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wajda Paweł
Published: December 2024

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest analizie regulacyjnej postanowień ustawy z dnia 5 lipca 2018 r. o krajowym systemie cyberbezpieczeństwa. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie – po pierwsze, że w przypadku powołanej ustawy mamy do czynienia z tzw. regulacją sektorową, która nakierowana jest na wypracowanie innych celów niżeli zapewnienie konkurencji w obrębie rynku (jak ma to miejsce w przypadku klasycznej regulacji gospodarczej). Po drugie, wykazanie, że w przypadku celu, jakim jest cyberbezpieczeństwo, mamy do czynienia z wypracowywaniem tego celu w sposób wyłącznie pośredni. Po trzecie wreszcie, celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie instytucji służących zapewnieniu cyberbezpieczeństwa, tj. scharakteryzowanie i ocena obowiązków operatorów usług kluczowych i dostawców usług cyfrowych.
Jean Langevin, bibliophile ? Portrait de la bibliothèque d’un « ami des sciences et des lettres »
Authors: Croft Marie-Ange
Published: December 2024

Issu de la bourgeoisie francophone de Québec, Jean Langevin participe à la mouvance intellectuelle du XIXe siècle. Actif au sein de l’Institut Canadien, auteur polygraphe, il priorise l’éducation, la culture et les belles-lettres. Derrière la figure autoritaire et intransigeante de l’évêque retenue par l’historiographie émerge celle d’un intellectuel et bibliophile passionné. La reconstitution partielle de la bibliothèque de Jean Langevin, conservée en partie dans les fonds des Petit et Grand Séminaires de Rimouski et à l’Archevêché de Rimouski, permet de mieux cerner le rapport de Langevin à la culture de l’imprimé. Cet article entend étudier les diverses caractéristiques de la collection afin de comprendre en quoi sa bibliothèque est représentative ou distincte de celle d’autres ecclésiastiques du second XIXe siècle.
Les démêlés de Charles Guay, premier historien de Rimouski, avec Mgr Langevin : « vous demander un sou, c’est vous arracher le coeur »
Authors: La Charité Claude
Published: December 2024

Cet article s’attache à retracer à grands traits le parcours de Charles Guay (1845-1922), prêtre, vicaire de la cathédrale de Rimouski, protonotaire apostolique et missionnaire, mettant en évidence la manière contradictoire dont l’ecclésiastique dépeint l’évêque Jean Langevin dans la Chronique de Rimouski (1873-1874) et dans les Mémoires (1891). Cela fait apparaître, au-delà du conflit personnel, certains traits du prélat et de son époque, en particulier l’importance accordée à l’éducation, les querelles de préséance, le tabou autour de l’argent et les clivages politiques.
The Framework of Factors Influencing the Implementation of the Circular Economy in Latvia
Authors:   , Zvirgzdiņš Jānis
Published: December 2024

Within the framework of the Doctoral Thesis, a framework of the retrospective analysis of the circular economy concept has been developed; the characteristic elements of the circular economy have been identified and validated; a comprehensive analysis of the circular economy in Latvia has been carried out, using the indicators of the European Commission’s Circular Economy Monitoring Framework; the framework of factors influencing the implementation of the circular economy in Latvia has been developed; action directions of the Action Plan for the Transition to a Circular Economy for 2020–2027 and the priority sectors of the national economy of Latvia in the transition to the circular economy in Latvia have been evaluated.
Malaria parasites require a divergent heme oxygenase for apicoplast gene expression and biogenesis
Authors: Blackwell Amanda Mixon , Jami-Alahmadi Yasaman , Nasamu Armiyaw S , Kudo Shota , Senoo Akinobu , Slam Celine , Tsumoto Kouhei , Wohlschlegel James A , Manuel Martinez Caaveiro Jose , Goldberg Daniel E , Sigala Paul A
Published: December 2024

Malaria parasites have evolved unusual metabolic adaptations that specialize them for growth within heme-rich human erythrocytes. During blood-stage infection, Plasmodium falciparum parasites internalize and digest abundant host hemoglobin within the digestive vacuole. This massive catabolic process generates copious free heme, most of which is biomineralized into inert hemozoin. Parasites also express a divergent heme oxygenase (HO)-like protein (PfHO) that lacks key active-site residues and has lost canonical HO activity. The cellular role of this unusual protein that underpins its retention by parasites has been unknown. To unravel PfHO function, we first determined a 2.8 Å-resolution X-ray structure that revealed a highly α-helical fold indicative of distant HO homology. Localization studies unveiled PfHO targeting to the apicoplast organelle, where it is imported and undergoes N-terminal processing but retains most of the electropositive transit peptide. We observed that conditional knockdown of PfHO was lethal to parasites, which died from defective apicoplast biogenesis and impaired isoprenoid-precursor synthesis. Complementation and molecular-interaction studies revealed an essential role for the electropositive N-terminus of PfHO, which selectively associates with the apicoplast genome and enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism and gene expression. PfHO knockdown resulted in a specific deficiency in levels of apicoplast-encoded RNA but not DNA. These studies reveal an essential function for PfHO in apicoplast maintenance and suggest that Plasmodium repurposed the conserved HO scaffold from its canonical heme-degrading function in the ancestral chloroplast to fulfill a critical adaptive role in organelle gene expression.
Pharyngeal neuronal mechanisms governing sour taste perception in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Shrestha Bhanu , Sang Jiun , Rimal Suman , Lee Youngseok
Published: December 2024

Sour taste, which is elicited by low pH, may serve to help animals distinguish appetitive from potentially harmful food sources. In all species studied to date, the attractiveness of oral acids is contingent on concentration. Many carboxylic acids are attractive at ecologically relevant concentrations but become aversive beyond some maximal concentration. Recent work found that Drosophila ionotropic receptors IR25a and IR76b expressed by sweet-responsive gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in the labellum, a peripheral gustatory organ, mediate appetitive feeding behaviors toward dilute carboxylic acids. Here, we disclose the existence of pharyngeal sensors in Drosophila melanogaster that detect ingested carboxylic acids and are also involved in the appetitive responses to carboxylic acids. These pharyngeal sensors rely on IR51b, IR94a, and IR94h, together with IR25a and IR76b, to drive responses to carboxylic acids. We then demonstrate that optogenetic activation of either Ir94a+ or Ir94h+ GRNs promotes an appetitive feeding response, confirming their contributions to appetitive feeding behavior. Our discovery of internal pharyngeal sour taste receptors opens up new avenues for investigating the internal sensation of tastants in insects.
Beyond gradients: Factorized, geometric control of interference and generalization
Authors: Scott Daniel N , Frank Michael J
Published: December 2024

Interference and generalization, which refer to counter-productive and useful interactions between learning episodes, respectively, are poorly understood in biological neural networks. Whereas much previous work has addressed these topics in terms of specialized brain systems, here we investigated how learning rules should impact them. We found that plasticity between groups of neurons can be decomposed into biologically meaningful factors, with factor geometry controlling interference and generalization. We introduce a “coordinated eligibility theory” in which plasticity is determined according to products of these factors, and is subject to surprise-based metaplasticity. This model computes directional derivatives of loss functions, which need not align with task gradients, allowing it to protect networks against catastrophic interference and facilitate generalization. Because the model’s factor structure is closely related to other plasticity rules, and is independent of how feedback is transmitted, it introduces a widely-applicable framework for interpreting supervised, reinforcement-based, and unsupervised plasticity in nervous systems.
Hypersensitive intercellular responses of endometrial stromal cells drive invasion in endometriosis
Authors: Chen Chun-Wei , Chavez Jeffery B , Kumar Ritikaa , Go Virginia Arlene , Pant Ahvani , Jain Anushka , Polusani Srikanth R , Hart Matthew J , Robinson Randal D , Gaczynska Maria , Osmulski Pawel , Kirma Nameer B , Nicholson Bruce J
Published: December 2024

Endometriosis is a debilitating disease affecting 190 million women worldwide and the greatest single contributor to infertility. The most broadly accepted etiology is that uterine endometrial cells retrogradely enter the peritoneum during menses, and implant and form invasive lesions in a process analogous to cancer metastasis. However, over 90% of women suffer retrograde menstruation, but only 10% develop endometriosis, and debate continues as to whether the underlying defect is endometrial or peritoneal. Processes implicated in invasion include: enhanced motility; adhesion to, and formation of gap junctions with, the target tissue. Endometrial stromal (ESCs) from 22 endometriosis patients at different disease stages show much greater invasiveness across mesothelial (or endothelial) monolayers than ESCs from 22 control subjects, which is further enhanced by the presence of EECs. This is due to the enhanced responsiveness of endometriosis ESCs to the mesothelium, which induces migration and gap junction coupling. ESC-PMC gap junction coupling is shown to be required for invasion, while coupling between PMCs enhances mesothelial barrier breakdown.
Stable sequential dynamics in prefrontal cortex represents subjective estimation of time
Authors: Li Yiting , Yin Wenqu , Wang Xin , Li Jiawen , Zhou Shanglin , Ma Chaolin , Yuan Peng , Li Baoming
Published: December 2024

Time estimation is an essential prerequisite underlying various cognitive functions. Previous studies identified ‘sequential firing’ and ‘activity ramps’ as the primary neuron activity patterns in the medial frontal cortex (mPFC) that could convey information regarding time. However, the relationship between these patterns and the timing behavior has not been fully understood. In this study, we utilized in vivo calcium imaging of mPFC in rats performing a timing task. We observed cells that showed selective activation at trial start, end, or during the timing interval. By aligning long-term time-lapse datasets, we discovered that sequential patterns of time coding were stable over weeks, while cells coding for trial start or end showed constant dynamism. Furthermore, with a novel behavior design that allowed the animal to determine individual trial interval, we were able to demonstrate that real-time adjustment in the sequence procession speed closely tracked the trial-to-trial interval variations. And errors in the rats’ timing behavior can be primarily attributed to the premature ending of the time sequence. Together, our data suggest that sequential activity maybe a stable neural substrate that represents time under physiological conditions. Furthermore, our results imply the existence of a unique cell type in the mPFC that participates in the time-related sequences. Future characterization of this cell type could provide important insights in the neural mechanism of timing and related cognitive functions.
AI-Powered Histopathological Analysis for Intelligent and Early Detection of Colon Cancer: A Synergistic Approach with Inception v3 and Machine Learning
Authors: Mehan Vineet
Published: December 2024

Colon Cancer (CC) is one of the major global concerns, as it is the third most common cancer worldwide and nearly 10% of all cancer cases. The mortality rate of this cancer is also high. Age and sedentary lifestyle are the two major causes of this cancer. Colon cancer does not show any significant signs of detection at the early stage. Advanced stages of diagnosis leave with very few treatment options. It is for this reason that Artificial Intelligence (AI) can step in to identify the disease at an early stage. Integrating AI with a screening of Histopathological Images will aid in intelligent colon classification. This technique will streamline the process, saving time and maximizing the expertise of medical professionals. In the proposed approach, Deep Learning (DL) based Inception v3 model (IV3M) is integrated with three Machine Learning (ML) models like Neural Network (NN), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Decision Tree (DT) for an automated colon classification. Integrating DL and ML can solve the complex in understanding histopathological images and further aid in the classification process. Achieving 98.8% classification accuracy, our method shows a 10.93% improvement over ANN, 6.88% over BPNN, and 7.89% over Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The results are validated using 10-fold cross-validation done on the dataset. Results are further validated by Confusion Matrix (CM), Calibration Plot (CP), and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Analysis. Integrating DL and ML for CC classification has the potential to reform clinical practice by saving lives with more accurate prediction and optimizing healthcare resources. For clinical purposes, experts like gastroenterologists and Colon surgeon must be consulted for the necessary diagnosis. The paper intends to provide a dedicated technique for the classification of colon cancers at an initial stage, so as to offer patients with the early possible treatment options.
Biometric Characteristics and Condition Factor of Tropical Freshwater Atya scabra Leach, 1815 in the Bia River, South-East Region, Côte D’Ivoire
Authors: Kadjo Vincent , Yapi Jean Noel , Jérôme N’glouan Wadjé , Koné Tiéhoua , Etchian Assoi Olivier
Published: December 2024

The present study focused on 720 specimens of Atya scabra handcrafted captured in the Bia river, precisely in the localities of Aboisso and Biaka. This study was conducted to assess the adaptation and allometric of the species A. scabra in the Bia river. During the trial, data on the environmental parameters of the water were obtained using a multiparameter. As for the relative growth of the species A. scabra was determined from the individual measurements of the specimens. Then, Student's t-test allowed a comparison of allometric coefficients for the same sex in Aboisso and Biaka. Thus, the average air temperature was 26.92±1.33oC. In terms of rainfall, it fluctuated from 17.78 to 722.9 mm or an annual average of 155.96±191.21 mm. At Aboisso, the annual average temperature of water was 28.50 ± 1oC, 7.54 ± 0.1oC for the pH and 5.03 ± 0.8 for OD. For the locality of Biaka, the mean values recorded were 28.45 ± 1.9 oC, 7.39 ± 0.2, and 4.93 ± 0.9, respectively, for temperature, pH, and OD. The condition factor (k) estimated in Aboisso, ranged from 3.04 ± 0.05 to 3.29 ± 0.26 for males and from 2.85 ± 0.35 to 3.07 ± 0.12 for females of Atya scabra. As for the locality of Biaka, the estimated k values fluctuated between 3.1 ± 0.14 and 3.4 ± 0.31 for males and from 2.75 ± 0.07 to 3.10 ± 0.25 for females. The biometric study revealed a negative allometry in females and a positive allometry in males in both localities for the W/Lt and Lc/Lt relationships. Atya scabra freshwater shrimp has therefore shown a good adaptation in the Bia river. In addition, the results obtained could guide the choice of sex having economic interest in the event of possible aquaculture of this species.
The Role of Sudanese Forests Agro-ecosystem in Improving the Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchangeable Bases of a Sandy Soil in Western Burkina Faso
Authors: YONI Moïse
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of Sudanese forests on the chemical equilibrium and exchangeable bases of sandy soils in the Bondoukuy region. The study examines the impact of forest cover on soil fertility and the mechanisms through which these natural ecosystems promote soil health and productivity in the region. The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of soil represents its capacity to retain and exchange nutrient cations with plant roots. In Sudanian Forests Agro-ecosystem, sandy soils are characterized by a dominance of coarse particles, which exhibit a low specific surface area and low cation retention capacity, in contrast to clayey soils. A low CEC restricts soil fertility and the capacity of the soil to sustainably provide essential nutrients to plants. It was hypothesized that the CEC of the topsoil in forests of western Burkina Faso would demonstrate a significant increase due to substantial environmental changes during the fallow period. To test this hypothesis, a comparison was made between soil fertility in forests and fallows, and that of cultivated plots, which were considered the control for this increase. A total of 15 plots were selected, with five plots allocated to each situation. The vegetation and soil of the plots were described in detail. Composite soil samples were taken from the 0-20 cm horizon. The soil analyses in the laboratory were conducted on several parameters, including texture, pH-H2O, pH-KCl, carbon, nitrogen, CEC and exchangeable bases. The results of the observations enabled the classification of the soils as tropical ferruginous soils with iron and manganese sesquioxides. The original materials indicate that the soil exhibits sandy properties. This was demonstrated by the granulometric study, which revealed that the soils under investigation exhibited an essentially sandy texture on the surface horizon. This results in a low retention capacity for exchangeable bases. The woody vegetation of the forest exhibits a greater diversity of flora than that of the fallows. This has a significant impact on the enhancement of the CEC, due to the replenishment of the soil with plant debris of varying organic compositions. The overall pH is slightly acidic, with a range of 5.63 to 5.71. The soils of forests exhibit higher concentrations of carbon and nitrogen than those of the fallows and fields. The observation of chemical balances has enabled the identification of forests as an environment conducive to optimal plant nutrition. Overall, forests enhance the CEC and exchangeable bases, despite the values being below the threshold recommended for tropical sandy soils. It is therefore necessary to implement measures to promote sustainable agriculture and enhance agricultural productivity in this region, where soil nutrients are naturally scarce.
Evaluation of Different Substrates for Growth and Yield Parameters of Pink Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus djamor)
Authors: Sharma Gurumayum Narendini , Lal Abhilasha A.
Published: December 2024

Cultivation of oyster mushrooms on lignocellulosic agro waste represents one of the most economic organic recycling processes. The present study was conducted to evaluate selected substrate for growth and yield parameters of pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) on five locally available agro waste substrates viz., paddy straw, sugarcane bagasse, banana leaves, sawdust, cocopeat and cardboard. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) including six treatments with five replications each. The treatment included paddy straw (100%), paddy straw + sugarcane bagasse + wheat bran (5:4:1), paddy straw + banana leaves + wheat bran (5:4:1), paddy straw + sawdust + wheat bran (5:4:1), paddy straw + cocopeat + wheat bran (5:4:1) and paddy straw + cardboard + wheat bran (5:4:1). Each substrate was supplemented with wheat bran except the control treatment. Among all aspect, treatment paddy straw + sawdust + wheat bran (5:4:1) exhibited the best results in terms of minimum spawn run time (8 days), pinhead initiation (9 days), fruiting formation (11 days), maximum number of mature fruiting bodies (32), length of stipe (2.70cm), yield (200.3g), biological efficiency (164%) and benefit-cost ratio (1:2.8). This empirical information will guide the farmers in the selection of substrates and additives for the successful establishment of mushroom farm with healthy and vigorous mushroom.
A precipitação como parâmetro interpretativo das ilhas de calor urbanas superficiais em Natal (RN)
Authors: Silva de Sousa Guilherme , De Costa Trindade Amorim Margarete Cristiane
Published: December 2024

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar as ilhas de calor urbanas superficiais na cidade de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, considerando a cobertura da terra e os dados de precipitação como parâmetros de análise. Foram utilizadas duas imagens do satélite Landsat 8 (sensores OLI e TIRS-1) dos meses de junho e setembro de 2018, além de quatro recortes distintos de uso e cobertura da terra urbana. Os procedimentos envolveram técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto e o uso integrado de dados de precipitação para a compreensão e a análise das imagens de satélite. Os resultados indicaram que as intensidades das ilhas de calor superficiais em Natal estão relacionadas aos volumes de precipitação acumulados antes da captura das imagens e às diferentes formas de uso e cobertura da terra urbana. As maiores intensidades das ilhas de calor foram observadas, especialmente, nas áreas urbanas construídas, enquanto os menores valores foram identificados em áreas com vegetação arbórea ou uso misto para cultivo agrícola urbano/periurbano. Essa análise foi corroborada pelas cartas do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI). Os resultados deste estudo destacam a importância das áreas vegetadas no ambiente urbano e a necessidade de se desenvolver estratégias para atenuar os efeitos das ilhas de calor urbanas, ressaltando a centralidade da discussão sobre a qualidade ambiental urbana e a relação Sociedade-Natureza.
Território, territorialidade e participação na mobilidade urbana dos mototaxistas da cidade de Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia
Authors: Da Cunha Nóbrega Pedro Ricardo , De Souza Santos Cacilda
Published: December 2024

Com o objetivo de analisar o território e a territorialidade dos mototaxistas e sua participação na mobilidade urbana da cidade de Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia, este estudo discute alguns conceitos fundamentais da Geografia como possibilidade de entender a dinâmica desta função. Realizou-se levantamento de dados primários, através do trabalho de campo, que consistiu na obtenção do depoimento de 38 mototaxistas, de 04 donos de empresas de mototáxis e do agente de autoridade de trânsito na Diretoria Municipal de Trânsito (DMTRANS). Para a obtenção dos dados aplicou-se a técnica da entrevista semiestruturada com perguntas abertas e fechadas, além das técnicas da observação e da conversa informal. O escopo desta pesquisa é qualitativo, caracterizado como uma pesquisa exploratória quanto à forma de estudo, à pesquisa de campo e ao objeto. Para a consolidação dos resultados, empregou-se análise inferencial e descritiva. Percebeu-se que a atividade do mototaxista está diretamente relacionada às condições socioeconômicas dos envolvidos. O que os motiva a exercer a profissão deriva da necessidade de colaborar com a renda familiar, de forma que tais fatores se configuram como impulsionadores para que esses profissionais realizem tal atividade e assumam os riscos e prejuízos concernentes a ela.
Localização do setor sucroenergético brasileiro
Authors: Silva John Wolter Oliveira
Published: December 2024

Em um cenário de mudanças climáticas, segmentos econômicos como o setor sucroenergético, que possuem potencial para redução da emissão de dióxido de carbono e do seu sequestro da atmosfera, tornam-se componentes-chave. No Brasil, ao longo do tempo, diferentes padrões locacionais dos estabelecimentos de cana-de-açúcar contribuíram com o aumento da oferta dos produtos derivados: açúcar, etanol, energia elétrica, dentre outros. Embora muitos trabalhos produzidos já tenham destacado a territorialização da atividade canavieira, aumento do consumo de etanol, transformações espaciais, circuitos espaciais produtivos e dinâmicas recentes do setor sucroenergético brasileiro, ainda há a necessidade de se definir a importância da localização dos estabelecimentos sucroenergéticos no referido setor. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do artigo é analisar se a atual localização das atividades de cana-de-açúcar e de seus derivados na Bahia caracteriza um processo recente de reorganização espacial do setor sucroenergético brasileiro. A Bahia, que possuía 1.510 engenhos em 1934, apresenta atualmente um cenário composto por apenas cinco estabelecimentos sucroenergéticos. O trabalho utilizou dados do sistema SIDRA/IBGE, do portal NovaCana e da Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás natural e Biocombustíveis, referentes ao ano de 2021, relacionados à produção canavieira, aos estabelecimentos, à capacidade de moagem de cada planta agroindustrial, à autorização, à vigência e à capacidade de produção das Unidades Agroindustriais Sucroenergéticas (UAS), que foram utilizados na elaboração do mapa do setor sucroenergético, utilizando o programa QGIS. Os resultados indicaram que houve uma reorganização espacial do setor sucroenergético, com mudança recente da localização das UAS na Bahia, com encerramento dos estabelecimentos existentes próximos à Salvador e implantação de novas UAS no interior do estado: em Juazeiro, Muquém do São Francisco, Medeiros Neto, Ibirapuã e Santa Cruz de Cabrália.
Acesso à renda e programas de transferência direta de renda
Authors: Souza Teixeira Fabrício , Aguiar Barbosa da Silva Debora , Ribeiro Pinheiro Tatiane
Published: December 2024

Este estudo busca compreender o acesso à renda e os Programas de Transferência Direta de Renda em Ibiassucê, Bahia, visando analisar o impacto dessas iniciativas na redução da pobreza e no suporte às famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, bem como observar como se dá este processo. A pesquisa se fundamenta na análise detalhada de dados secundários do Cadastro Único em sites oficiais do governo, a saber: CECAD 2.0, IBGE, entre outros, além do Plano Municipal de Assistência Social de Ibiassucê 2022/2025 e do Relatório Anual de Gestão 2022 da Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social. A revisão da literatura aborda o papel dos programas de transferência de renda na promoção da inclusão social e na melhoria das condições de vida das populações mais vulneráveis, contextualizando o cenário socioeconômico de Ibiassucê com ênfase nos desafios e oportunidades relacionados ao acesso à renda. O artigo também apresenta desafios socioterritoriais, como a escassez de oportunidades de emprego, a concentração de pobreza e as desigualdades no acesso ao trabalho. A introdução do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Família (IDF) enriquece a análise, fornecendo uma avaliação multidimensional das condições de vida e apontando áreas que requerem atenção prioritária em políticas públicas.
Consultorias globais no planejamento urbano-regional
Authors: Hayashi Vaz de Arruda Thais , Bernardes da Silva Adriana Maria
Published: December 2024

O artigo investiga as relações entre firmas globais de consultoria e o Estado brasileiro no que se refere ao planejamento territorial urbano-regional. O foco é a análise das ações de uma das maiores consultorias do mundo, a McKinsey & Company, que vem sendo contratada por grandes corporações transnacionais e também pelas burocracias estatais de diversos países. No Brasil, a McKinsey participou da privatização do sistema de telecomunicações, na década de 1990, e do setor aeroviário, a partir de 2011. Além disso, elaborou planos estratégicos para o Rio de Janeiro/RJ e Salvador/BA. Desse modo, procuramos entender os usos corporativos que a McKinsey faz do território brasileiro a partir da análise de seus vínculos com o Estado, o que lhe permite uma atuação direta no reordenamento territorial. Também analisamos a topologia de seus escritórios no país, visto esta reforçar o papel da metrópole de São Paulo como o centro da gestão da informação no território nacional.
Geografia histórica urbana no Brasil
Authors: Costa Everaldo Batista da , Andrade Adriano Bittencourt , Maluly Vinicius Sodré
Published: December 2024

Considera-se que Maurício de Almeida Abreu, Pedro de Almeida Vasconcelos e Antônio Carlos Robert de Moraes protagonizam, inspiram e guiam, epistêmica e ontologicamente, em diálogo com Milton Santos, os estudos em Geografia Histórica Urbana no Brasil. Assim, o objetivo do artigo é analisar o uso dos conceitos neste subcampo disciplinar, buscando também caracterizá-lo. Metodologicamente, desenvolve-se: (i) revisão do debate assumido pelos principais personagens que fundamentam a Geografia Histórica brasileira (Abreu, Vasconcelos e Moraes); (ii) levantamento e elaboração de quadros-síntese dos trabalhos apresentados nos Grupos de Trabalho do subcampo nos XIII, XV, XVI e XVII Simpósios Nacionais de Geografia Urbana (SIMPURBs); (iii) interpretação destes trabalhos, a partir do método de análise de redes, sustentado por um banco de dados derivados (1) das palavras-chave dos artigos apresentados nos referidos SIMPURBs e (2) das temáticas abordadas nos textos apresentados. Como resultado, evidencia-se a situaçao difusa dos conceitos e princípios disciplinares que baseiam a denominada Geografia Histórica Urbana brasileira.
As potencialidades geográficas humanistas no pensamento de bell hooks
Authors: Kahl Ferraz Maíra
Published: December 2024

Este artigo aborda as contribuições do pensamento de bell hooks para a geografia, em especial para a geografia humanista. bell hooks foi uma ativista, feminista, professora e artista estadounidense, cujas obras contribuíram para diversos campos dos saberes, tendo como base ideias antirracistas. No âmbito dos estudos teóricos feministas, da educação e da teoria literária seus trabalhos têm ganhado destaque, porém na ciência geográfica ainda são poucas as pesquisas que dialogam com suas ideias. Contudo, seus conceitos muito têm a contribuir para a geografia, pois suas ideias são atravessadas por conceitos como casa, lugar, pertencimento e amor, temas que podem ser postos em diálogo com a geografia. A partir das experiências e vivências de bell hooks buscaremos dialogar com temas geográficos, como habitar, lugar e amor.
Alterações climáticas e inovações tecnológicas
Authors: Carvalho Matheus , Zangalli Junior Paulo Cesar
Published: December 2024

Nesse artigo buscou-se entender de que forma as tecnologias atuais se tornam agentes do clima, e, para isso, foram objetos de pesquisa a blockchain e a mineração de criptomoedas, por esta última estar associada à primeira. Para demonstrar as implicações dessas tecnologias ao meio ambiente, foi necessário buscar por denúncias em importantes veículos de notícias sobre impactos ambientais gerados por elas. Foi possível demonstrar que a prática da mineração de criptomoedas é responsável por um grande consumo elétrico proveniente da geração por queima de carvão mineral, elevando a dispersão de gases de efeito estufa e sobrecarregando redes elétricas. O principal modelo de validação dessas duas tecnologias estimula os altos consumos energéticos ao gerar uma competição por lucros baseada em poder computacional; assim, é necessário repensar o modelo de consenso dessas tecnologias para que se torne viável sua utilização em grande escala e não apenas na forma de especulação monetária.
A CXCR4 receptor agonist strongly stimulates axonal regeneration after damage
Authors: Zanetti Giulia , Negro Samuele , Megighian Aram , Mattarei Andrea , Lista Florigio , Fillo Silvia , Rigoni Michela , Pirazzini Marco , Montecucco Cesare
Published: November 2019

Objective

To test whether the signaling axis CXCL12α‐CXCR4 is activated upon crush/cut of the sciatic nerve and to test the activity of NUCC‐390, a new CXCR4 agonist, in promoting nerve recovery from damage.

Methods

The sciatic nerve was either crushed or cut. Expression and localization of CXCL12α and CXCR4 were evaluated by imaging with specific antibodies. Their functional involvement in nerve regeneration was determined by antibody‐neutralization of CXCL12α, and by the CXCR4 specific antagonist AMD3100, using as quantitative read‐out the compound muscle action potential (CMAP). NUCC‐390 activity on nerve regeneration was determined by imaging and CMAP recordings.

Results

CXCR4 is expressed at the injury site within the axonal compartment, whilst its ligand CXCL12α is expressed in Schwann cells. The CXCL12α‐CXCR4 axis is involved in the recovery of neurotransmission of the injured nerve. More importantly, the small molecule NUCC‐390 is a strong promoter of the functional and anatomical recovery of the nerve, by acting very similarly to CXCL12α. This pharmacological action is due to the capability of NUCC‐390 to foster elongation of motor neuron axons both in vitro and in vivo.

Interpretation

Imaging and electrophysiological data provide novel and compelling evidence that the CXCL12α‐CXCR4 axis is involved in sciatic nerve repair after crush/cut. This makes NUCC‐390 a strong candidate molecule to stimulate nerve repair by promoting axonal elongation. We propose this molecule to be tested in other models of neuronal damage, to lay the basis for clinical trials on the efficacy of NUCC‐390 in peripheral nerve repair in humans.