bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is a ‘Good’ Copy of Edvard Munch’s Painting? Painting Reproductions on Display
Authors: Iranowska Joanna
Published: September 2017

Paintings in museums might occasionally be replaced by a photoprint mimicking the original. This article is an investigation of what constitutes a good reproduction of an artwork (oil painting) that is meant to be displayed. The article discusses what the usefulness of reproductions depends on, applying the Valuation Studies approach, which means the primary concern is with the practice of valuing itself. In other words, the study focuses on how museum experts evaluate reproduc-tions of oil paintings. The article analyses three cases of displaying digitally prin-ted copies of Edvard Munch’s oil paintings between 2013 and 2015 in the Munch Museum and in the National Gallery in Oslo. The study is based on a series of semi-structured interviews with the experts, working at and for the museums, that were involved in producing and exhibiting of the photoprints: curators, con-servators, museum educators, and external manufacturers. The interviews were grouped into five clusters, which I have chosen to call registers of valuing following Frank Heuts and Annemarie Mol (2013). The described valuation practices have to do with delivering experiences to the public, obtaining mimetic resemblance, solving ethical aspects, exhibitions’ budget, and last but not least, with the time perspective.
Copies, Concepts and Time
Authors: Eriksen Anne
Published: September 2017

Copies are defined by their relation to an original. The understanding and evaluation of this relationship has been changing over time. A main argument of this article is that originals and copies are phenomena with no "natural" or essential meaning outside of their specific historical settings. The idea to be explored is how changing historicity regimes have transformed notions of originals and copies over time and how these differences also are reflected in the intrinsically temporal relation between the two concepts. The discussion will be framed by two theory sets. The first is Alexander Nagel and Christopher Woods investigation of two kinds of temporality that vied for dominance in works of art in the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The second is Walter Benjamins discussion of artwork in the "age of mechanical reproduction", i.e. the twentieth century. The second half of the article seeks to add to the historical complexity described by both theory sets by introducing a concept of tradition and discussing the early modern ideals of exemplarity, emulation and copiousness.
Adenosine Receptor Stimulation Improves Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in a Rat Model
Authors: Pizzino Gabriele , Irrera Natasha , Galfo Federica , Oteri Giacomo , Atteritano Marco , Pallio Giovanni , Mannino Federica , D’Amore Angelica , Pellegrino Enrica , Aliquò Federica , Anastasi Giuseppe P. , Cutroneo Giuseppina , Squadrito Francesco , Altavilla Domenica , Bitto Alessandra
Published: September 2017

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a secondary cause of bone loss. Bisphosphonates approved for GIO, might induce jaw osteonecrosis; thus additional therapeutics are required. Adenosine receptor agonists are positive regulators of bone remodeling, thus the efficacy of adenosine receptor stimulation for treating GIO was tested. In a preventive study GIO was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by methylprednisolone (MP) for 60 days. Animals were randomly assigned to receive polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), an adenosine A2 receptor agonist, or PDRN and DMPX (3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine, an A2 antagonist), or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Another set of animals was used for a treatment study, following the 60 days of MP-induction rats were randomized to receive (for additional 60 days) PDRN, or PDRN and DMPX (an adenosine A2 receptor antagonist), or zoledronate (as control for gold standard treatment), or vehicle. Control animals were administered with vehicle for either 60 or 120 days. Femurs were analyzed after treatments for histology, imaging, and breaking strength analysis. MP treatment induced severe bone loss, the concomitant use of PDRN prevented the developing of osteoporosis. In rats treated for 120 days, PDRN restored bone architecture and bone strength; increased b-ALP, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and stimulated the Wnt canonical and non-canonical pathway. Zoledronate reduced bone resorption and ameliorated the histological features, without significant effects on bone formation. Our results suggest that adenosine receptor stimulation might be useful for preventing and treating GIO.
Mechanistic Insight into the 2° Alcohol Oxidation Mediated by an Efficient CuI/L-Proline-TEMPO Catalyst—A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Li Siyu , Cheng Lin , Wu Qi , Zhang Qiancheng , Yang Jucai , Liu Juming
Published: September 2017

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to investigate the 2° alcohol oxidation to acetophenone catalyzed by the CuI/L-Proline-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO) catalyst system. Seven possible pathways (paths A→F) are presented. Our calculations show that two pathways (path A and path B) are the potential mechanisms. Furthermore, by comparing with experimental observation, it is found that path A—in which substrate alcohol provides the proton to −OtBu to produce HOtBu followed by the oxidation of substrate directly to product acetophenone by O2—is favored in the absence of TEMPO. Correspondingly, path B is likely to be favored when TEMPO is involved. In path B, the O–O bond cleavage of CuI–OOH to CuII–OH species occurs, followed by acetophenone formation assisted by ligand (L)2ˉ. It is also found that the cooperation of ligand (L)2ˉ and TEMPO plays an important role in assisting the formation of the product acetophenone in path B.
Spark Plasma Sintering of Tungsten Oxides WOx (2.50 ≤ x ≤ 3): Phase Analysis and Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Kaiser Felix , Simon Paul , Burkhardt Ulrich , Kieback Bernd , Grin Yuri , Veremchuk Igor
Published: September 2017

The solid-state reaction of WO3 with W was studied in order to clarify the phase formation in the binary system W-O around the composition WOx (2.50 ≤ x ≤ 3) during spark plasma sintering (SPS). A new phase “WO2.82” is observed in the range 2.72 ≤ x ≤ 2.90 which might have the composition W12O34. The influence of the composition on the thermoelectric properties was investigated for 2.72 ≤ x ≤ 3. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity and electronic thermal conductivity are continuously tunable with the oxygen-to-tungsten ratio. The phase formation mainly affects the lattice thermal conductivity κlat which is significantly reduced until 700 K for the sample with the composition x = 2.84, which contains the phases W18O49 and “WO2.82”. In single-phase WO2.90 and multi-phase WOx materials (2.90 ≤ x ≤ 3), which contain crystallographic shear plane phases, a similar reduced κlat is observed only below 560 K and 550 K, respectively. Therefore, the composition range x < 2.90 in which the pentagonal column structural motif is formed might be more suitable for decreasing the lattice thermal conductivity at high temperatures.
Information Theoretical Study of Cross-Talk Mediated Signal Transduction in MAPK Pathways
Authors: Maity Alok , Chaudhury Pinaki , Banik Suman
Published: September 2017

Biochemical networks having similar functional pathways are often correlated due to cross-talk among the homologous proteins in the different networks. Using a stochastic framework, we address the functional significance of the cross-talk between two pathways. A theoretical analysis on generic MAPK pathways reveals cross-talk is responsible for developing coordinated fluctuations between the pathways. The extent of correlation evaluated in terms of the information theoretic measure provides directionality to net information propagation. Stochastic time series suggest that the cross-talk generates synchronisation in a cell. In addition, the cross-interaction develops correlation between two different phosphorylated kinases expressed in each of the cells in a population of genetically identical cells. Depending on the number of inputs and outputs, we identify signal integration and signal bifurcation motif that arise due to inter-pathway connectivity in the composite network. Analysis using partial information decomposition, an extended formalism of multivariate information calculation, also quantifies the net synergy in the information propagation through the branched pathways. Under this formalism, signature of synergy or redundancy is observed due to the architectural difference in the branched pathways.
Massive MIMO Wireless Networks: An Overview
Authors: Hassan Noha , Fernando Xavier
Published: September 2017

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems use few hundred antennas to simultaneously serve large number of wireless broadband terminals. It has been incorporated into standards like long term evolution (LTE) and IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi). Basically, the more the antennas, the better shall be the performance. Massive MIMO systems envision accurate beamforming and decoding with simpler and possibly linear algorithms. However, efficient signal processing techniques have to be used at both ends to overcome the signaling overhead complexity. There are few fundamental issues about massive MIMO networks that need to be better understood before their successful deployment. In this paper, we present a detailed review of massive MIMO homogeneous, and heterogeneous systems, highlighting key system components, pros, cons, and research directions. In addition, we emphasize the advantage of employing millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency in the beamforming, and precoding operations in single, and multi-tier massive MIMO systems.
Determining the Optimal Configuration of the Multi-Ring Tree for Bluetooth Multi-Hop Networks
Authors: Yu Chih-Min , Hsu Ting-Wei
Published: September 2017

In this work, a multi-ring tree algorithm is proposed for Bluetooth low-energy networks with non-uniform distribution of devices. In a dense area, a leader root is elected during the leader election phase and a min-path algorithm is introduced to determine the optimal number of rings for various numbers of discoverable roots. According to the optimal configuration, the leader root connects to its one-hop neighboring roots to form the first-tier ring; each new root connects with one downstream root, and these roots connect together to form the second-tier ring until the desired outermost ring is reached. In sparse areas, each root constructs its own spanning tree subnet, finally creating a multi-ring tree scatternet. To achieve the least route discovery overhead, a multi-hop self-routing protocol is developed to efficiently deliver packets. Computer simulations show that the optimal multi-ring subnet can be determined; the optimal multi-ring tree outperforms conventional dual ring-tree (DRT) and Bluetooth hybrid ring-tree (BlueHRT) in terms of network performance.
Performance of Commercially Available Supercapacitors
Authors: Yassine Mazen , Fabris Drazen
Published: September 2017

High energy density storage device exhibiting a reliable lifecycle is needed in the 21st century. Hence, energy storage research is critical for reducing energy consumption. Supercapacitors exhibit such characteristics via interfacial ion electrosorption and fast redox reactions. They are a feasible solution for transportation applications, among others, due to their superb characteristics. In this paper, we provide a background on supercapacitors, review public data on commercially available supercapacitors for performance characteristics, and finally summarize their performance in terms of energy density, equivalent series resistance, and device time consistency.
Implementing REDD+ in a Conflict-Affected Country: A Case Study of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Brown H. Carolyn
Published: September 2017

Due to their carbon sequestration potential, tropical forests are a focal point for mitigation of climate change through Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) contains the largest part of the Congo Basin, the second largest rainforest in the world, and has become a main focus for REDD+ initiatives. However, DRC’s ongoing instability and conflict threatens the peace and security of local people, and outcomes of such global initiatives. Content analysis of 102 documents from four major REDD+ initiatives intervening in DRC, sought to understand how civil conflict is being integrated into the discourse on REDD+ and its implication for climate change mitigation. Results showed that discussion of how conflict and political instability might impact REDD+ outcomes was limited. Concrete approaches to address the reality of civil conflict were not evident. Governance reform was, however, an important emphasis of REDD+ in DRC. Since REDD+, peace-building and development initiatives are often funded by the same institutions, it is important to begin a dialogue as to how they can be more intentional in harmonizing approaches in conflict-affected, forest-rich countries like DRC. Finding synergies has the potential to improve overall outcomes for the global climate, the forest, and the lives of local people.
Effects of Surfactants on the Morphology and Properties of Electrospun Polyetherimide Fibers
Authors: Abutaleb Ahmed , Lolla Dinesh , Aljuhani Abdulwahab , Shin Hyeon , Rajala Jonathan , Chase George
Published: September 2017

Electrospun fibers often have beads as byproducts. Bead formation can be substantially minimized by the introduction of additives, such as ionic salts or surfactants, to the electrospinning polymeric solution. Polyetherimide (PEI) fibers were fabricated using electrospinning. Four different additives, Lithium Chloride (LiCl), Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Triton X-100 and Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HTAB) were utilized to alter the polymer solution electrical conductivity and surface tensions. The effects of solution conductivity and surface tension on the electrospinning and the thermal, mechanical stability of the polymeric fibers were investigated. Morphology, thermal properties, permeability and mechanical strength of the fiber mats were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Frazier Permeability Test, and Tensile tester respectively. The addition of 1.5wt.% HTAB was found to be the optimum concentration to produce PEI fibers without beads. The addition of HTAB produced fiber mats with higher air permeability, higher thermal stability and higher mechanical strength in comparison to the other additives. Finally, a filtration test was conducted on a simple custom model to compare the performance of beaded and non-beaded PEI fiber mats. The non-beaded PEI fiber mat performed better in terms of both separation efficiency (%E) and differential pressure drop (ΔP) separating water droplets from diesel fuel.
Application of a Surimi-Based Coating to Improve the Quality Attributes of Shrimp during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Sharaf Eddin Abdulhakim , Tahergorabi Reza
Published: September 2017

Shrimp is a popular seafood throughout the world. However, shrimp is highly perishable due to biochemical, microbiological, or physical changes during postmortem storage. In this study, the effect of a surimi-based coating with and without montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay on shrimp quality was evaluated during eight days of refrigerator storage. Use of a surimi-based coating resulted in reductions of aerobic plate counts (APC) up to 2 log units. The combined effect of the MMT and coating was observed. Surimi-based coating with MMT resulted in lower APC (p < 0.05) toward the end of storage. The application of surimi-based coating with MMT to the shrimp samples improved sensory quality and delayed lipid oxidation and color deterioration during storage time. In general, better texture was observed when coating was applied either with or without MMT. This study suggests that surimi-based coating may improve the quality of shrimp during refrigerated storage.
Making Spatial Decisions Using ArcGIS Pro: A Workbook. By Kathryn Keranen and Robert Kolvoord, Esri Press, 2017; 376 Pages. Price $69.99, ISBN 9781589484849
Authors:   IJGI Editorial Office
Published: September 2017

The following paragraphs have been reproduced from the website of the publisher [1]:[...]
Evaluation of Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate-Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Kotturi Hari , Abuabed Alaeddin , Zafar Haris , Sawyer Elaine , Pallipparambil Bipin , Jamadagni Harsha , Khandaker Morshed
Published: September 2017

Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate (PEGDA) tissue scaffolds having a thickness higher than 1 mm and without the presence of nutrient conduit networks were shown to have limited applications in tissue engineering due to the inability of cells to adhere and migrate within the scaffold. The PEGDA scaffold has been coated with polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofiber (ENF) membrane on both sides to overcome these limitations, thereby creating a functional PEGDA-PCL scaffold. This study examined the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the PEGDA and PEGDA-PCL scaffolds to determine the effect of PCL coating on PEGDA. The physical characterization of PEGDA-PCL samples demonstrated the effectiveness of combining PCL with a PEGDA scaffold to expand its applications in tissue engineering. This study also found a significant improvement of elasticity of PEGDA due to the addition of PCL layers. This study shows that PEGDA-PCL scaffolds absorb nutrients with time and can provide an ideal environment for the survival of cells. Furthermore, cell viability tests indicate that the cell adhered, proliferated, and migrated in the PEGDA-PCL scaffold. Therefore, PCL ENF coating has a positive influence on PEGDA scaffold.
Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Mucorales
Authors: Ghuman Harlene , Voelz Kerstin
Published: September 2017

Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection characterised by rapid filamentous growth, which leads to angioinvasion, thrombosis, and tissue necrosis. The high mortality rates (50–100%) associated with mucormycosis are reflective of not only the aggressive nature of the infection and the poor therapeutics currently employed, but also the failure of the human immune system to successfully clear the infection. Immune effector interaction with Mucorales is influenced by the developmental stage of the mucormycete spore. In a healthy immune environment, resting spores are resistant to phagocytic killing. Contrarily, swollen spores and hyphae are susceptible to damage and degradation by macrophages and neutrophils. Under the effects of immune suppression, the recruitment and efficacy of macrophage and neutrophil activity against mucormycetes is considerably reduced. Following penetration of the endothelial lining, Mucorales encounter platelets. Platelets adhere to both mucormycete spores and hyphae, and exhibit germination suppression and hyphal damage capacity in vitro. Dendritic cells are activated in response to Mucorales hyphae only, and induce adaptive immunity. It is crucial to further knowledge regarding our immune system’s failure to eradicate resting spores under intact immunity and inhibit fungal growth under immunocompromised conditions, in order to understand mucormycosis pathogenicity and enhance therapeutic strategies for mucormycosis.
Comparative Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Modulating and DNA Protective Activities of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Acacia catechu
Authors: Patil Ashwini , Modak Manisha
Published: September 2017

Background: Plant-derived bioactive compounds are becoming immensely important as potential drugs. Different solvents are being used for extraction of these phytochemicals. Evaluation of biological activities of aqueous plant extracts is important as water soluble compounds would be more beneficial with respect to certification, safety and commercial issues. Oxidative stress is involved in development of many diseases; therefore, antioxidants are now being looked upon as convincing therapeutics against such diseases. Natural antioxidants are in high demand because of their lesser side effects. This study aims to compare the antioxidant activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Acacia catechu—a traditional medicinal plant. Methods: The activity was examined using different in vitro systems including radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation and inhibition of •OH radical induced DNA damage using standard protocols. Results: Both aqueous and methanolic extracts of Acacia catechu show significant activities with no differences in the efficacies of water and methanol soluble bioactive compounds. Conclusions: Present study revealed that aqueous extract of A. catechu has equal potential to be used as antioxidants as compared to methanolic extract. This can contribute to increased demand of physiologically compatible bioactive compounds of natural origin.
Perfluorinated Compounds as Test Media for Porous Membranes
Authors: Clodt Juliana , Filiz Volkan , Shishatskiy Sergey
Published: September 2017

We suggest a failure-free method of porous membranes characterization that gives the researcher the opportunity to compare and characterize properties of any porous membrane. This proposal is supported by an investigation of eight membranes made of different organic and inorganic materials, with nine different perfluorinated compounds. It was found that aromatic compounds, perfluorobenzene, and perfluorotoluene, used in the current study show properties different from other perfluorinated aliphatics. They demonstrate extreme deviation from the general sequence indicating the existence of π-π-interaction on the pore wall. The divergence of the flow for cyclic compounds from ideal e.g., linear compounds can be an indication of the pore dimension.
Coordination Mechanism and Bio-Evidence: Reactive γ-Ketoenal Intermediated Hepatotoxicity of Psoralen and Isopsoralen Based on Computer Approach and Bioassay
Authors: Hai Yue , Feng Shan , Wang Lili , Ma Yetao , Zhai Yiran , Wu Zijun , Zhang Sichao , He Xin
Published: September 2017

Psoralen and isopsoralen are secondary plant metabolites found in many fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs. Psoralen-containing plants (Psoralea corylifolia L.) have been reported to cause hepatotoxicity. Herein, we found that psoralen and isopsoralen were oxidized by CYP450s to reactive furanoepoxide or γ-ketoenal intermediates, causing a mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4. Furthermore, in GSH-depleted mice, the hepatotoxicity of these reactive metabolites has been demonstrated by pre-treatment with a well-known GSH synthesis inhibitor, L-buthionine-S, Rsulfoxinine (BSO). Moreover, a molecular docking simulation of the present study was undertaken to understand the coordination reaction that plays a significant role in the combination of unstable intermediates and CYP3A4. These results suggested that psoralen and isopsoralen are modest hepatotoxic agents, as their reactive metabolites could be deactivated by H2O and GSH in the liver, which partly contributes to the ingestion of psoralen-containing fruits and vegetables being safe.
EPuL: An Enhanced Positive-Unlabeled Learning Algorithm for the Prediction of Pupylation Sites
Authors: Nan Xuanguo , Bao Lingling , Zhao Xiaosa , Zhao Xiaowei , Sangaiah Arun , Wang Gai-Ge , Ma Zhiqiang
Published: September 2017

Protein pupylation is a type of post-translation modification, which plays a crucial role in cellular function of bacterial organisms in prokaryotes. To have a better insight of the mechanisms underlying pupylation an initial, but important, step is to identify pupylation sites. To date, several computational methods have been established for the prediction of pupylation sites which usually artificially design the negative samples using the verified pupylation proteins to train the classifiers. However, if this process is not properly done it can affect the performance of the final predictor dramatically. In this work, different from previous computational methods, we proposed an enhanced positive-unlabeled learning algorithm (EPuL) to the pupylation site prediction problem, which uses only positive and unlabeled samples. Firstly, we separate the training dataset into the positive dataset and the unlabeled dataset which contains the remaining non-annotated lysine residues. Then, the EPuL algorithm is utilized to select the reliably negative initial dataset and then iteratively pick out the non-pupylation sites. The performance of the proposed method was measured with an accuracy of 90.24%, an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.93 and an MCC of 0.81 by 10-fold cross-validation. A user-friendly web server for predicting pupylation sites was developed and was freely available at http://59.73.198.144:8080/EPuL
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in Osteoporosis: A Review of its Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Safety
Authors: Chen Beibei , Wang Lili , Li Lin , Zhu Ruyuan , Liu Haixia , Liu Chenyue , Ma Rufeng , Jia Qiangqiang , Zhao Dandan , Niu Jianzhao , Fu Min , Gao Sihua , Zhang Dongwei
Published: September 2017

Background: Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) has now attracted increasing attention as an alternative medicine in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This study aimed to provide a general review of traditional interpretation of the actions of FLL in osteoporosis, main phytochemical constituents, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology in bone improving effect, and safety. Materials and Methods: Several databases, including PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Science and Technology Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Web of Science were consulted to locate publications pertaining to FLL. The initial inquiry was conducted for the presence of the following keywords combinations in the abstracts: Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, osteoporosis, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, salidroside. About 150 research papers and reviews were consulted. Results: FLL is assumed to exhibit anti-osteoporotic effects by improving liver and kidney deficiencies and reducing lower back soreness in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The data from animal and cell experiments demonstrate that FLL is able to improve bone metabolism and bone quality in ovariectomized, growing, aged and diabetic rats through the regulation of PTH/FGF-23/1,25-(OH)2D3/CaSR, Nox4/ROS/NF-κB, and OPG/RANKL/cathepsin K signaling pathways. More than 100 individual compounds have been isolated from this plant. Oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, salidroside, and nuzhenide have been reported to exhibit the anti-osteoporosis effect. The pharmacokinetics data reveals that salidroside is one of the active constituents, and that tyrosol is hard to detect under physiological conditions. Acute and subacute toxicity studies show that FLL is well tolerated and presents no safety concerns. Conclusions: FLL provides a new option for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which attracts rising interests in identifying potential anti-osteoporotic compounds and fractions from this plant. Further scientific evidences are expected from well-designed clinical trials on its bone protective effects and safety.
Vegetable Oils as Alternative Solvents for Green Oleo-Extraction, Purification and Formulation of Food and Natural Products
Authors: Yara-Varón Edinson , Li Ying , Balcells Mercè , Canela-Garayoa Ramon , Fabiano-Tixier Anne-Sylvie , Chemat Farid
Published: September 2017

Since solvents of petroleum origin are now strictly regulated worldwide, there is a growing demand for using greener, bio-based and renewable solvents for extraction, purification and formulation of natural and food products. The ideal alternative solvents are non-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that have high dissolving power and flash point, together with low toxicity and less environmental impact. They should be obtained from renewable resources at a reasonable price and be easy to recycle. Based on the principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, vegetable oils could become an ideal alternative solvent to extract compounds for purification, enrichment, or even pollution remediation. This review presents an overview of vegetable oils as solvents enriched with various bioactive compounds from natural resources, as well as the relationship between dissolving power of non-polar and polar bioactive components with the function of fatty acids and/or lipid classes in vegetable oils, and other minor components. A focus on simulation of solvent-solute interactions and a discussion of polar paradox theory propose a mechanism explaining the phenomena of dissolving polar and non-polar bioactive components in vegetable oils as green solvents with variable polarity.
Ginger Phytochemicals Inhibit Cell Growth and Modulate Drug Resistance Factors in Docetaxel Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell
Authors: Liu Chi-Ming , Kao Chiu-Li , Tseng Yu-Ting , Lo Yi-Ching , Chen Chung-Yi
Published: September 2017

Ginger has many bioactive compounds with pharmacological activities. However, few studies are known about these bioactive compounds activity in chemoresistant cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer properties of ginger phytochemicals in docetaxel-resistant human prostate cancer cells in vitro. In this study, we isolated 6-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 4-shogaol, 6-shogaol, 10-shogaol, and 6-dehydrogingerdione from ginger. Further, the antiproliferation activity of these compounds was examined in docetaxel-resistant (PC3R) and sensitive (PC3) human prostate cancer cell lines. 6-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and 10-shogaol at the concentration of 100 μM significantly inhibited the proliferation in PC3R but 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and 10-shogaol displayed similar activity in PC3. The protein expression of multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) and glutathione-S-transferase (GSTπ) is higher in PC3R than in PC3. In summary, we isolated the bioactive compounds from ginger. Our results showed that 6-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and 10-shogaol inhibit the proliferation of PC3R cells through the downregulation of MRP1 and GSTπ protein expression.
A State-of-the-Art Review of Augmented Reality in Engineering Analysis and Simulation
Authors: Li Wenkai , Nee A. , Ong S.
Published: September 2017

Augmented reality (AR) has recently become a worldwide research topic. AR technology renders intuitive computer-generated contents on users’ physical surroundings. To improve process efficiency and productivity, researchers and developers have paid increasing attention to AR applications in engineering analysis and simulation. The integration of AR with numerical simulation, such as the finite element method, provides a cognitive and scientific way for users to analyze practical problems. By incorporating scientific visualization technologies, an AR-based system superimposes engineering analysis and simulation results directly on real-world objects. Engineering analysis and simulation involving diverse types of data are normally processed using specific computer software. Correct and effective visualization of these data using an AR platform can reduce the misinterpretation in spatial and logical aspects. Moreover, tracking performance of the AR platforms in engineering analysis and simulation is crucial as it influences the overall user experience. The operating environment of the AR platforms requires robust tracking performance to deliver stable and accurate information to the users. In addition, over the past several decades, AR has undergone a transition from desktop to mobile computing. The portability and propagation of mobile platforms has provided engineers with convenient access to relevant information in situ. However, on-site working environment imposes constraints on the development of mobile AR-based systems. This paper aims to provide a systematic overview of AR in engineering analysis and simulation. The visualization, tracking techniques as well as the implementation on mobile platforms are discussed. Each technique is analyzed with respect to its pros and cons, as well its suitability to particular types of applications.
Production and Status of Bacterial Cellulose in Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Moniri Mona , Boroumand Moghaddam Amin , Azizi Susan , Abdul Rahim Raha , Bin Ariff Arbakariya , Zuhainis Saad Wan , Navaderi Mohammad , Mohamad Rosfarizan
Published: September 2017

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly pure and crystalline material generated by aerobic bacteria, which has received significant interest due to its unique physiochemical characteristics in comparison with plant cellulose. BC, alone or in combination with different components (e.g., biopolymers and nanoparticles), can be used for a wide range of applications, such as medical products, electrical instruments, and food ingredients. In recent years, biomedical devices have gained important attention due to the increase in medical engineering products for wound care, regeneration of organs, diagnosis of diseases, and drug transportation. Bacterial cellulose has potential applications across several medical sectors and permits the development of innovative materials. This paper reviews the progress of related research, including overall information about bacterial cellulose, production by microorganisms, mechanisms as well as BC cultivation and its nanocomposites. The latest use of BC in the biomedical field is thoroughly discussed with its applications in both a pure and composite form. This paper concludes the further investigations of BC in the future that are required to make it marketable in vital biomaterials.
Hypophosphite/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrids: Preparation and Flame-Retardant Application in Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Authors: Shi Yongqian , Fu Libi , Chen Xilei , Guo Jin , Yang Fuqiang , Wang Jingui , Zheng Yuying , Hu Yuan
Published: September 2017

A series of aluminum hypophosphite (AHPi)/graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) (designated as CAHPi) hybrids were prepared, followed by incorporation into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The introduction of CAHPi hybrids into TPU led to a marked reduction in the peak of the heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release, weight loss rate, smoke production rate and total smoke production (TSP). For instance, pHRR and TSP decreased by 40% and 50% for TPU/CAHPi20. Furthermore, the increasing fire growth index and decreasing fire performance index were obtained for TPU/CAHPi systems, suggesting reduced fire hazards. It was found that improved fire safety of TPU nanocomposites was contributed by condensed phase and gas phase mechanisms. On one hand, g-C3N4 accelerated the thermal decomposition of AHPi for the formation of more char layers. On the other hand, g-C3N4 induced AHPi to generate more free radical capture agents when exposed to flame, besides protecting AHPi against thermal oxidation.
Fabrication of Multi-Layered Lidocaine and Epinephrine-Eluting PLGA/Collagen Nanofibers: In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Authors: Lee Fu-Ying , Lee Demei , Lee Tzu-Chia , Chen Jan-Kan , Wu Ren-Chin , Liu Kuan-Chieh , Liu Shih-Jung
Published: September 2017

This study developed multi-layered lidocaine- and epinephrine-eluting biodegradable poly[(d,l)-lactide-co-glyco lide] (PLGA)/collagen nanofibers. An electrospinning technique was employed to fabricate the multi-layer biodegradable drug-eluting nanofibers. After fabrication, the nanofibrous membranes were characterized. The drug release characteristics were also investigated. In addition, the in vivo efficacy of nanofibers for pain relief and hemostasis in palatal oral wounds of rabbits were evaluated. Histological examinations were also completed. The experimental results suggested that all nanofibers exhibited good biocompatibility and eluted effective levels of lidocaine and epinephrine at the initial stages of wound recovery.
Plasma-Based Nanostructuring of Polymers: A Review
Authors: Phan Lan , Yoon Sun , Moon Myoung-Woon
Published: September 2017

There are various fabrication methods for synthesizing nanostructures, among which plasma-based technology is strongly competitive in terms of its flexibility and friendly uses, economy, and safety. This review systematically discusses plasma techniques and the detailed interactions of charged particles, radicals, and electrons with substrate materials of, in particular, polymers for their nanostructuring. Applications employing a plasma-based nanostructuring process are explored to show the advantages and benefits that plasma treatment brings to many topical and traditional issues, and are specifically related to wettability, healthcare, or energy researches. A short perspective is also presented on strategic plans for overcoming the limitations in dimension from surface to bulk, lifetime of surface functions, and selectivity for interactions.
Preparation and Physicochemical Characteristics of Thermo-Responsive Emamectin BenzoateMicrocapsules
Authors: Shen Yue , Wang Yan , Zhao Xiang , Sun Changjiao , Cui Bo , Gao Fei , Zeng Zhanghua , Cui Haixin
Published: September 2017

Thermo-responsive release emamectin benzoate microcapsules were successfully prepared with a polydopamine (PDA)-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) multifunctional layer. Preparation of emamectin benzoate microcapsules was first studied by emulsion interfacial-polymerization using PDA as a wall material. Then the amino-terminated PNIPAm was grafted on the PDA layer by its amino group in aqueous solution. Physicochemical characterization of microcapsules was obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Kinetic study of emamectin benzoate release showed that the microcapsules exhibit sustained- and controlled-release properties. The multifunctional layer can release emamectin benzoate easily when the temperature was below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In contrast, when the temperature increased above the LCST, the release rate was reduced. The results indicated that these microcapsules with excellent thermo-sensitivity would be promising in the research field of pesticide microcapsules.
An Integrated Efficiency–Risk Approach in Sustainable Project Control
Authors: Ghazvini Mohammadreza , Ghezavati Vahidreza , Raissi Sadigh , Makui Ahmad
Published: September 2017

The lack of integrated project control techniques covering both qualitative and quantitative indices is one of the most important reasons leading to unfinished projects under predetermined schedules and expected budgets. Two modern techniques proposed in project control—the critical chain method and buffer management (CCM/BM), and the earned value analysis or earned value management and earned schedule (EVM/ES)—both have advantages and disadvantages. Goldratt proposed the CCM/BM method in 1997 based on the theory of constraint (TOC), but this method was not successful despite some improvements in project control because of some executive reasons. The most noteworthy constraint of this method is the management of time and time risks (use of a time buffer) of the project more than the subject. Goldratt believed that time control could be the most critical issue in project control. In other words, the overall problems associated with each project can be solved as long as the buffer time is under control and there is no need to control the other items. EVM/ES is one of the important techniques used to calculate real project development; it has been used for the integrated management of sustainable projects in recent decades. Using this technique, project managers can predict the final status of the project in terms of the necessary time and cost to finish the project. However, this method is limited by the management of the project cost and the lack of interference in the project risks. In sum, the CCM/BM method focuses on time and its risks associated with the project, thus making it advantageous to other techniques. Conversely, EVM/ES focuses on the costs or schedule with non-probabilistic assumptions, giving some interesting results. Therefore, this study aims to represent an integrated framework that considers the advantages of both CCM/BM and EVM/ES, called the efficiency–risk approach, which is implemented to control sustainable projects efficiently. This hybrid form can simultaneously control all the parameters, including both quantitative and qualitative variables, time, cost, and risk in conjunction with the project. Schedule and cost buffers of the project are derived using new formulations that provide appropriate estimations on the duration and cost for completing the sustainable projects and the relevant risks. The proposed ideas are analyzed and described through an industrial case study in the Steel Company, Isfahan, Iran.
Ultrastructural Characterization of Membrane Rearrangements Induced by Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection
Authors: Zhou Xingdong , Cong Yingying , Veenendaal Tineke , Klumperman Judith , Shi Dongfang , Mari Muriel , Reggiori Fulvio
Published: September 2017

The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus (CoV) belonging to the α-CoV genus and it causes high mortality in infected sucking piglets, resulting in substantial losses in the farming industry. CoV trigger a drastic reorganization of host cell membranes to promote their replication and egression, but a detailed description of the intracellular remodeling induced by PEDV is still missing. In this study, we examined qualitatively and quantitatively, using electron microscopy, the intracellular membrane reorganization induced by PEDV over the course of an infection. With our ultrastructural approach, we reveal that, as most of CoV, PEDV initially forms double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) and convoluted membranes (CMs), which probably serve as replication/transcription platforms. Interestingly, we also found that viral particles start to form almost simultaneously in both the endoplasmic reticulum and the large virion-containing vacuoles (LVCVs), which are compartments originating from the Golgi, confirming that α-CoV assemble indistinguishably in two different organelles of the secretory pathway. Moreover, PEDV virons appear to have an immature and a mature form, similar to another α-CoV the transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV). Altogether, our study underlies the similarities and differences between the lifecycle of α-CoV and that of viruses belonging to other CoV subfamilies.
Enzymatic synthesis of glycosides: from natural O- and N-glycosides to rare C- and S-glycosides
Authors: Ati Jihen , Lafite Pierre , Daniellou Richard
Published: September 2017

Carbohydrate related enzymes, like glycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases, are nowadays more easily accessible and are thought to represent powerful and greener alternatives to conventional chemical glycosylation procedures. The knowledge of their corresponding mechanisms has already allowed the development of efficient biocatalysed syntheses of complex O-glycosides. These enzymes can also now be applied to the formation of rare or unnatural glycosidic linkages.
OFF-STREET PARKING FACILITY LOCATION ON URBAN TRANSPORTATION NETWORK CONSIDERING MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES: A CASE STUDY OF ISFAHAN (IRAN)
Authors: Eskandari Mahdi , Nookabadi Ali Shahandeh
Published: September 2017

The increasing population in large cities and the unbalanced urban growth associated with massive use of private cars in metropolitan areas often lead to traffic jams and road congestion that warrant the construction of such capital-intensive buildings as off-street public parking facilities. However, the initial problem in such projects is locating a suitable spot where all citizens can be conveniently served and the traffic load in busy city centers can be reduced by removing the need for on-street parking facilities. In this paper, an urban transportation network including, a number of parking demand points, a set of possible sitting locations, and several entry points of traffic flow are considered. Four objectives are generally considered for the public off-street parking location problem that include reducing traffic congestion, maximizing coverage demand, minimizing walking distance between demand points and new parking facilities, and decreasing related costs. The flow-capturing model has been exploited to develop two approaches for minimizing traffic congestion. Based on these approaches and other objectives, two models have been proposed. The covering distance of parking facilities will be uncertain in these models. Traffic flow entry points, driver’s path, and different types of parking lots have also been considered. Finally, relevant information and data required for implementing the proposed models were collected on two traffic zones in Central Business Districts (CBD) of Isfahan (Iran). Then, the ε-constraint method was used to solve the proposed multi-objectives models and the best candidate points for establishing new off-street parking facilities were determined.
Ground_borne noise and vibration transmitted from subway networks to multi_storey reinforced concrete buildings
Authors: Vogiatzis Konstantinos , Mouzakis Harris
Published: September 2017

During the operation of urban subway rail transit systems, vibrations are generated that transmitted through the soil, induce vibrations in nearby buildings. The transmission of ground-borne vibrations from subway rail transit systems in a building is governed by the soil-foundation interaction, the reduction of vibration level between floors, and the amplication due to resonances of building elements. These are influenced by the type of the building, its construction materials, the foundation soil, and the frequency content of the excitation. A methodology is proposed for the determination of the sound vibration along the height of the building for a specic construction type, demonstrating how the attenuation and amplication parameters can be calculated. For this particular building type, a notable amplication of the vibration due to floor and other structural resonances was found, whereas the vibration and hence the radiated noise levels are similar from the first floor up. An overall building amplication factor is proposed, taking into account all the above mentioned transmission mechanisms.
PATTERN RECOGNITION BASED SPEED FORECASTING METHODOLOGY FOR URBAN TRAFFIC NETWORK
Authors: Tettamanti Tamás , Csikós Alfréd , Kis Krisztián Balázs , Viharos Zsolt János , Varga István
Published: September 2017

A full methodology of short-term traffic prediction is proposed for urban road traffic network via Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The goal of the forecasting is to provide speed estimation forward by 5, 15 and 30 min. Unlike similar research results in this field, the investigated method aims to predict traffic speed for signalized urban road links and not for highway or arterial roads. The methodology contains an efficient feature selection algorithm in order to determine the appropriate input parameters required for neural network training. As another contribution of the paper, a built-in incomplete data handling is provided as input data (originating from traffic sensors or Floating Car Data (FCD)) might be absent or biased in practice. Therefore, input data handling can assure a robust operation of speed forecasting also in case of missing data. The proposed algorithm is trained, tested and analysed in a test network built-up in a microscopic traffic simulator by using daily course of real-world traffic.