bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilirubin and Stroke Risk Using a Mendelian Randomization Design
Authors: Lee Sun Ju , Jee Yon Ho , Jung Keum Ji , Hong Seri , Shin Eun Soon , Jee Sun Ha
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—

Circulating bilirubin, a natural antioxidant, is associated with decreased risk of stroke. However, the nature of the relationship between the two remains unknown. We used a Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the causal effect of serum bilirubin on stroke risk in Koreans.

Methods—

The 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP
s
) (<10
–7
) including rs6742078 of uridine diphosphoglucuronyl-transferase were selected from genome-wide association study of bilirubin level in the KCPS-II (Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II) Biobank subcohort consisting of 4793 healthy Korean and 806 stroke cases. Weighted genetic risk score was calculated using 14 SNP
s
selected from the top SNP
s
.

Results—

Both rs6742078 (F statistics=138) and weighted genetic risk score with 14 SNP
s
(F statistics=187) were strongly associated with bilirubin levels. Simultaneously, serum bilirubin level was associated with decreased risk of stroke in an ordinary least-squares analysis. However, in 2-stage least-squares Mendelian randomization analysis, no causal relationship between serum bilirubin and stroke risk was found.

Conclusions—

There is no evidence that bilirubin level is causally associated with risk of stroke in Koreans. Therefore, bilirubin level is not a risk determinant of stroke.
Computed Tomographic Perfusion Selection and Clinical Outcomes After Endovascular Therapy in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke
Authors: Bouslama Mehdi , Haussen Diogo C. , Grossberg Jonathan A. , Dehkharghani Seena , Bowen Meredith T. , Rebello Leticia C. , Bianchi Nicolas A. , Frankel Michael R. , Nogueira Raul G.
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—

Different imaging paradigms have been used to select patients for endovascular therapy in stroke. We sought to determine whether computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) selection improves endovascular therapy outcomes compared with noncontrast computed tomography alone.

Methods—

Review of a prospectively collected registry of anterior circulation stroke patients undergoing stent-retriever thrombectomy at a tertiary care center between September 2010 and March 2016. Patients undergoing CTP were compared with those with noncontrast computed tomography alone. The primary outcome was the shift in the 90-day modified Rankin scale (mRS).

Results—

A total of 602 patients were included. CTP-selected patients (n=365, 61%) were younger (
P
=0.02) and had fewer comorbidities. CTP selection (n=365, 61%) was associated with a favorable 90-day mRS shift (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–2.09;
P
=0.02), higher rates of good outcomes (90-day mRS score 0–2: 52.9% versus 40.4%;
P
=0.005), modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction-3 reperfusion (54.8% versus 40.1%;
P
<0.001), smaller final infarct volumes (24.7 mL [9.8–63.1 mL] versus 34.6 mL [13.1–88 mL];
P
=0.017), and lower mortality (16.6% versus 26.8%;
P
=0.005). When matched on age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and glucose (n=424), CTP remained associated with a favorable 90-day mRS shift (
P
=0.016), lower mortality (
P
=0.02), and higher rates of reperfusion (
P
<0.001). CTP better predicted functional outcomes in patients presenting after 6 hours (as assessed by comparison of logistic regression models: Akaike information criterion: 199.35 versus 287.49 and Bayesian information criterion: 196.71 versus 283.27) and those with an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score ≤7 (Akaike information criterion: 216.69 versus 334.96 and Bayesian information criterion: 213.6 versus 329.94).

Conclusions—

CTP selection is associated with a favorable mRS shift in patients undergoing stent-retriever thrombectomy. Future prospective studies are warranted.
Stroke in Indigenous Africans, African Americans, and European Americans
Authors: Owolabi Mayowa , Sarfo Fred , Howard Virginia J. , Irvin Marguerite R. , Gebregziabher Mulugeta , Akinyemi Rufus , Bennett Aleena , Armstrong Kevin , Tiwari Hemant K. , Akpalu Albert , Wahab Kolawole W. , Owolabi Lukman , Fawale Bimbo , Komolafe Morenikeji , Obiako Reginald , Adebayo Philip , Manly Jennifer M. , Ogbole Godwin , Melikam Ezinne , Laryea Ruth , Saulson Raelle , Jenkins Carolyn , Arnett Donna K. , Lackland Daniel T. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Howard George
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—

The relative contributions of racial and geographic factors to higher risk of stroke in people of African ancestry have not been unraveled. We compared stroke type and contributions of vascular risk factors among indigenous Africans (IA), African Americans (AA), and European Americans (EA).

Methods—

SIREN (Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network) is a large multinational case–control study in West Africa—the ancestral home of 71% AA—whereas REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) is a cohort study including AA and EA in the United States. Using harmonized assessments and standard definitions, we compared data on stroke type and established risk factors for stroke in acute stroke cases aged ≥55 years in both studies.

Results—

There were 811 IA, 452 AA, and 665 EA stroke subjects, with mean age of 68.0±9.3, 73.0±8.3, and 76.0±8.3 years, respectively (
P
<0.0001). Hemorrhagic stroke was more frequent among IA (27%) compared with AA (8%) and EA (5.4%;
P
<0.001). Lacunar strokes were more prevalent in IA (47.1%), followed by AA (35.1%) and then EA (21.0%;
P
<0.0001). The frequency of hypertension in decreasing order was IA (92.8%), followed by AA (82.5%) and then EA (64.2%;
P
<0.0001) and similarly for diabetes mellitus IA (38.3%), AA (36.8%), and EA (21.0%;
P
<0.0001). Premorbid sedentary lifestyle was similar in AA (37.7%) and EA (34.0%) but lower frequency in IA (8.0%).

Conclusions—

Environmental risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle may contribute to the higher proportion of ischemic stroke in AA compared with IA, whereas racial factors may contribute to the higher proportion of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among stroke subjects of African ancestry.
Mortality Reduction for Fever, Hyperglycemia, and Swallowing Nurse-Initiated Stroke Intervention
Authors: Middleton Sandy , Coughlan Kelly , Mnatzaganian George , Low Choy Nancy , Dale Simeon , Jammali-Blasi Asmara , Levi Chris , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Ward Jeanette , Cadilhac Dominique A. , McElduff Patrick , Hiller Janet E. , D’Este Catherine
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—

Implementation of nurse-initiated protocols to manage fever, hyperglycemia, and swallowing dysfunction decreased death and disability 90 days poststroke in the QASC trial (Quality in Acute Stroke Care) conducted in 19 Australian acute stroke units (2005–2010). We now examine long-term all-cause mortality.

Methods—

Mortality was ascertained using Australia’s National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression compared time to death adjusting for correlation within stroke units using the cluster sandwich (Huber–White estimator) method. Primary analyses included treatment group only unadjusted for covariates. Secondary analysis adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, and stroke severity using multiple imputation for missing covariates.

Results—

One thousand and seventy-six participants (intervention n=600; control n=476) were followed for a median of 4.1 years (minimum 0.3 to maximum 70 months), of whom 264 (24.5%) had died. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were generally well balanced by group. The QASC intervention group had improved long-term survival (>20%), but this was only statistically significant in adjusted analyses (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–1.07;
P
=0.13; adjusted HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59–0.99;
P
=0.045). Older age (75–84 years; HR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.8–8.7;
P
<0.001) and increasing stroke severity (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3–1.9;
P
<0.001) were associated with increased mortality, while being married (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49–0.99;
P
=0.042) was associated with increased likelihood of survival. Cardiovascular disease (including stroke) was listed either as the primary or secondary cause of death in 80% (211/264) of all deaths.

Conclusions—

Our results demonstrate the potential long-term and sustained benefit of nurse-initiated multidisciplinary protocols for management of fever, hyperglycemia, and swallowing dysfunction. These protocols should be a routine part of acute stroke care.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.anzctr.org.au
. Unique identifier: ACTRN12608000563369.
A Dedicated Spanish Language Line Increases Enrollment of Hispanics Into Prehospital Clinical Research
Authors: Sanossian Nerses , Rosenberg Lauren , Liebeskind David S. , Starkman Sidney , Eckstein Marc , Stratton Samuel , Pratt Franklin D. , Hamilton Scott , Kim-Tenser May , Sharma Latisha K. , Restrepo Lucas , Valdes-Suieras Miguel , Conwit Robin , Saver Jeffrey L.
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose—

Novel methods are needed to reduce the disparity of Hispanic enrollment in stroke clinical trials. Prehospital enrollment using a dedicated Spanish language line may help overcome this bias.

Methods—

Subjects or legally authorized representatives provided information on race and ethnicity for all cases enrolled in the FAST-MAG clinical trial (Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium), a prehospital phase 3 randomized study of intravenous magnesium for neuroprotection. One of 2 in-ambulance cell phones (in English or Spanish) was used to obtain informed content in the field. We describe the yield and characteristics of subjects enrolled via Spanish line.

Results—

There were 1700 subjects enrolled from 2005 to 2012, of which 402 (24%) identified as Hispanic ethnicity. Study racial makeup was 1325 (78%) white, 219 (13%) black, and 139 (8%) Asian. The dedicated Spanish line was used for 195 (12%) enrollments. Spanish-line enrollments were younger (65 versus 70 years old;
P
<0.001), more likely to identify as Hispanic (98% versus 14%;
P
<0.001), and more likely to present with intracerebral hemorrhage (36% versus 21%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

The use of a dedicated Spanish language enrollment line allowed for greater enrollment of Hispanics, a population with significantly different baseline characteristics.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00059332.
Throwing stones in social science: Non-violence, unarmed violence, and the first intifada
Authors: Pressman Jeremy
Published: April 2017

Social scientists treat stone-throwing as a non-violent act or argue that protest movements may be primarily non-violent despite stone-throwing. However, this study of an iconic example, the first intifada (Palestinian uprising, 1987–1993), demonstrates that stone-throwing is better characterized as unarmed violence. Definitions of violence underscore that throwing rocks is a violent act. Moreover, informed observers and data collected on stone-induced injuries during four years of the intifada illustrate the bodily harm caused by stones. The throwing of stones was central to the intifada and its identity and definition. Stone-throwing was the most visible tactic Palestinians used in the first intifada. Lastly, most scholars emphasize the protestors’ perceptions when it might be that the targets’ perceptions matter more for understanding definitions of (non-)violence and subsequent policy changes. These findings challenge important social science work and the mainstream Israeli and Palestinian narratives about the first intifada.
Capturing the Environmental Impact of Individual Lifestyles: Evidence of the Criterion Validity of the General Ecological Behavior Scale
Authors: Arnold Oliver , Kibbe Alexandra , Hartig Terry , Kaiser Florian G.
Published: April 2017

Do behavioral measures of ecological lifestyles reflect actual environmental impact? Three convenience samples of German adults ( N = 881) completed such a measure, the General Ecological Behavior (GEB) scale. Their household electricity consumption was self-reported (Study 1), assessed by a smart-meter (Study 2), or reported by the power company (Study 3). The latter two studies controlled for income, which can boost consumption just as it opens possibilities for behaving ecologically. Within and across studies, analyses revealed a negative association between self-reported ecological behavior and electricity consumption (−.18 ≤ rs ≤ −.22), even with adjustment for income. Furthermore, customers in a green electricity program reported more ecological engagement and consumed one third less electricity than did regular customers. These results indicate the criterion validity of the GEB scale for a highly practically relevant criterion and encourage the use of generic behavior measures in efforts to understand and foster more ecological lifestyles.
The 15-Minute Audition: Translating a Proof of Concept Into a Domain-Specific Screening Device for Mathematical Talent
Authors: Subotnik Rena F. , Worrell Frank C. , Olszewski-Kubilius Paula
Published: April 2017

In 2011, Subotnik, Olszewski-Kubilius, and Worrell proposed a conceptual model for talent development applicable to all domains. Although grounded in available psychological research, significant questions remain regarding practical applications of each tenet of the model. In this article, we highlight a method of implementing the model’s focus on domain-specific abilities. Mathematics was selected as a domain with sufficient literature and importance to serve as the first in a series of proposed explorations into identifying domain-specific abilities. The methodology adapts an identification procedure—that is, audition—commonly used in performance domains (e.g., dance) to determine “drop-dead” abilities needed for successful talent development—in this case, mathematics. Identifying abilities central to potential creative talent in a domain may allow us to move away from relying solely on standardized measures of general ability and academic achievement, especially for the early identification of talent.
Blending Research-Based Practices and Practice-Embedded Research: Project Excite Closes Achievement and Excellence Gaps for Underrepresented Gifted Minority Students
Authors: Olszewski-Kubilius Paula , Steenbergen-Hu Saiying
Published: April 2017

In this article, we advocate for a new movement in education, particularly an approach emphasizing blending research-based practice with practice-embedded research. We do so by describing and discussing Project Excite, a working example that demonstrates such a model in the context of gifted education. We first trace the history, the impetus, and key design elements of Project Excite, a front-loading intervention aiming to develop the potential of underrepresented students for advanced science, technology, engineering, and mathematics learning from early grades. We review a line of past research and key findings on Project Excite over its 14-year journey. We then discuss the implication of Project Excite for gifted programming in gifted education. Last, we pinpoint some questions to inspire future research and practice.
Online Mentoring as an Extracurricular Measure to Encourage Talented Girls in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics): An Empirical Study of One-on-One Versus Group Mentoring
Authors: Stoeger Heidrun , Hopp Manuel , Ziegler Albert
Published: April 2017

Online mentoring provides an effective means of extracurricular gifted education for talented girls in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Comparative studies on the effectiveness of one-on-one versus group mentoring are lacking, however. The authors investigated this question in the context of a Germany-wide online mentoring program that employed both approaches. Study participants were girls enrolled in high-achiever-track secondary education in Germany ( N = 347) who were mentored online by female academics in STEM for 6 months, in either one-on-one ( N = 156) or group mentoring ( N = 191). It was assumed that the specific many-to-many group-mentoring condition examined in our study would be more effective than the one-on-one mentoring condition with respect to (a) the proportion of STEM communication and (b) the extent of STEM-related networking, both of which are important predictors of successful mentoring. Furthermore, the authors (c) expected more growth in elective intentions for the group-mentoring participants and (d) assumed that participants’ centrality in their respective STEM networks would predict this increase. The study presents empirical support for all four assumptions and thus suggests that the special form of group mentoring examined here may be a more successful measure of extracurricular gifted education for girls in STEM than one-on-one mentoring.
The Three-Story Challenge
Authors: Windschitl Mark A. , Stroupe David
Published: April 2017

The foundational document of the current science standards movement—the Framework for K-12 Science Education—is grounded in research about how students from diverse backgrounds learn science and the conditions under which they can participate in knowledge-building activities of the discipline. We argue that teacher educators should use powerful principles for instruction, derived from the research referenced in the Framework, to inform the design of courses and other preparatory experiences for novices. This implementation strategy contrasts with an alignment approach, in which novices would be asked to familiarize themselves with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), integrate student performance expectations into lesson plans, and teach activities similar to those described in the NGSS. We describe the more principled approach as a “three-story challenge” in which students, teachers, and teacher educators have responsibilities to learn and to take up new roles in the educational system that are fundamentally different from the status quo.
Collaborating to Address the Challenge of Academic Language
Authors: Lahey Trace
Published: April 2017

Teacher candidates rely on mentors working in their college-based teacher education programs and mentors working in the college’s partner schools to support their development as future teachers as well as their Teacher Performance Assessment (edTPA) preparations. This study describes a semester-long collaboration between a clinical professor, teacher candidates from her college, and teachers from the college’s partner schools, as they engage in shared readings and study group sessions focused on the topic of academic language, a topic that is central to national learning standards, the edTPA, and teaching in an urban context. The main goal of this collaboration was to provide teacher candidates an opportunity to study a relevant topic in depth with inservice professionals to enrich their clinical experiences. The objective of the study was to determine the ways in which inservice and preservice teachers’ conceptualize the topic of academic language and connect this thinking to their attempts to address the Common Core Learning Standards.
An Examination of Preservice Teachers’ Capacity to Create Mathematical Modeling Problems for Children
Authors: Paolucci Catherine , Wessels Helena
Published: April 2017

This study examined preservice teachers’ (PSTs) capacity to create mathematical modeling problems (MMPs) for grades 1 to 3. PSTs created MMPs for their choice of grade level and aligned the mathematical content of their MMPs with the relevant mathematics curriculum. PSTs were given criteria adapted from Galbraith’s MMP design principles to guide their work. These criteria were then used to evaluate the resulting MMPs, leading to findings and implications relevant to two areas—mathematics teacher education, and the design and evaluation of MMPs for young children. Results highlight an inclination toward creating problems for higher grade levels as well as concerns regarding both the PSTs’ proficiency with the curriculum content and their capacity to create MMPs for particular content areas. Findings contribute to an important international conversation about the need for further research and development of resources aimed at supporting the integration of mathematical modeling in early childhood mathematics education.
Adoniram Judson: A dialectical missionary who brought the Gospel (not God) and gave the Bible to the Burmese
Authors: Moe David Thang
Published: April 2017

Adoniram Judson (1788–1850) was an American Baptist missionary. His Burmese name was Yuhdathan. His coming to Myanmar “was not originally intentional, but it was providentially accidental” (American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, 1923: 16). This article will read Judson as a dialectical1 missionary because of his negative view of Buddhism as a false religion, and yet his use of Buddhist religious terms for translation of the Burmese Bible. I will also argue that Judson did not bring God to Myanmar because God has already been there prior to his coming. Rather, he brought the foreign Gospel and gave the Bible to the Burmese. This article is written from a twofold perspective: to offer a description of Judson’s mission work, and to offer a prescription of how Judson’s success should be appreciated and his failure should be appropriated in a post-Judson age.
Procedural Justice Received and Given: Supervisory Treatment, Emotional States, and Behavioral Compliance Among Taiwanese Police Officers
Authors: Wu Yuning , Sun Ivan Y. , Chang Charles Kuang-Ming , Hsu Kevin Kuen-Lung
Published: April 2017

Drawing upon the work of procedural justice and general strain theory, as well as officer survey data from Taiwan, this study proposes and tests a conceptual model that links the internal procedural justice officers receive from supervisors to the external procedural justice officers provide to the public. Results indicated that internal procedural justice affected external procedural justice both directly and indirectly through the mediating factors of job-related satisfaction and anger. Supervisory procedural justice also exerted an indirect influence on officer compliance with organizational rules through the mediating factor of anger and frustration. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
Media Violence and Other Aggression Risk Factors in Seven Nations
Authors: Anderson Craig A. , Suzuki Kanae , Swing Edward L. , Groves Christopher L. , Gentile Douglas A. , Prot Sara , Lam Chun Pan , Sakamoto Akira , Horiuchi Yukiko , Krahé Barbara , Jelic Margareta , Liuqing Wei , Toma Roxana , Warburton Wayne A. , Zhang Xue-Min , Tajima Sachi , Qing Feng , Petrescu Poesis
Published: April 2017

Cultural generality versus specificity of media violence effects on aggression was examined in seven countries (Australia, China, Croatia, Germany, Japan, Romania, the United States). Participants reported aggressive behaviors, media use habits, and several other known risk and protective factors for aggression. Across nations, exposure to violent screen media was positively associated with aggression. This effect was partially mediated by aggressive cognitions and empathy. The media violence effect on aggression remained significant even after statistically controlling a number of relevant risk and protective factors (e.g., abusive parenting, peer delinquency), and was similar in magnitude to effects of other risk factors. In support of the cumulative risk model, joint effects of different risk factors on aggressive behavior in each culture were larger than effects of any individual risk factor.
A home of one’s own? Housing welfare for ‘young adults’ in times of austerity
Authors: Wilkinson Eleanor , Ortega-AlcÁzar Iliana
Published: April 2017

This article considers how welfare cuts in ‘austerity Britain’ have impacted young adults’ access to a home of their own, asking at what stage in the life-course should the welfare state be expected to support someone’s residential independence? The article focuses on the 2012 changed age-threshold for the Shared Accommodation Rate of Local Housing Allowance, which meant that single people (without dependants) aged between 25 and 34 are only entitled to claim the cost of a single room in a shared property. This policy has highlighted the issue of forced sharing, and poses questions as to whether a shared property with strangers can necessarily always be considered a home. The article identifies the persistence of normative conceptions of household transition across the life-course. Ultimately the article concludes that these normative assumptions enable policy makers to promote this policy as a matter of ‘fairness’ rather than a form of social injustice.
Supporting Academic Engagement in Boys and Girls
Authors: Wilcox Gabrielle , McQuay Jocelyn , Blackstaffe Anita , Perry Rosemary , Hawe Penelope
Published: April 2017

Understanding how social support and anxiety influence academic engagement in boys and girls is important to ensure that we effectively promote academic engagement. This study examined the relationship between gender, social support, anxiety, and academic engagement in elementary and junior high school students. Students in Grades 5 to 9 ( N = 1,904) completed self-reports measuring academic engagement, anxiety, and perceived social support from family, friends, and school staff. Results indicated that girls were more likely to perceive social support and to score higher on the anxiety scale than boys were. Grade level was a significant predictor of academic engagement for boys but not for girls, while anxiety classification was a significant predictor of academic engagement for girls but not for boys. This study highlights the importance of understanding the multiple factors that influence academic engagement to provide targeted prevention and intervention strategies and how these factors differ for boys and girls.
Comparative study of material loss at the taper interface in retrieved metal-on-polyethylene and metal-on-metal femoral components from a single manufacturer
Authors: Bills Paul , Racasan Radu , Bhattacharya Saugatta , Blunt Liam , Isaac Graham
Published: April 2017

There have been a number of reports on the occurrence of taper corrosion and/or fretting and some have speculated on a link to the occurrence of adverse local tissue reaction specifically in relation to total hip replacement which have a metal-on-metal bearing. As such a study was carried out to compare the magnitude of material loss at the taper in a series of retrieved femoral heads used in metal-on-polyethylene bearings with that in a series of retrieved heads used in metal-on-metal bearings. A total of 36 metal-on-polyethylene and 21 metal-on-metal femoral components were included in the study all of which were received from a customer complaint database. Furthermore, a total of nine as-manufactured femoral components were included to provide a baseline for characterisation. All taper surfaces were assessed using an established corrosion scoring method and measurements were taken of the female taper surface using a contact profilometry. In the case of metal-on-metal components, the bearing wear was also assessed using coordinate metrology to determine whether or not there was a relationship between bearing and taper material loss in these cases. The study found that in this cohort the median value of metal-on-polyethylene taper loss was 1.25 mm3 with the consequent median value for metal-on-metal taper loss being 1.75 mm3. This study also suggests that manufacturing form can result in an apparent loss of material from the taper surface determined to have a median value of 0.59 mm3. Therefore, it is clear that form variability is a significant confounding factor in the measurement of material loss from the tapers of femoral heads retrieved following revision surgery.
Shell design and reaming technique affect deformation in mobile-bearing total hip arthroplasty acetabular components
Authors: Small Scott R , Meding John B , Oja Jordan W , Lakstins Katherine S , Gehron Danielle J , Rogge Renee D , Buckley Christine A
Published: April 2017

Press-fit acetabular components are susceptible to rim deformation. The inherent variability within acetabular reaming techniques may generate increased press-fit and, subsequently, additional component deformation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the insertion and deformation characteristics of acetabular components designed for dual-mobility systems based on component design, size, and reaming technique. Shell deformation was quantified in a validated worst-case scenario foam pinch model. Thin-walled, one-piece, and modular dual-mobility shells of varying size were implanted in under- and over-reamed cavities with insertion force measured and shell deformation assessed using digital image correlation. Increased shell size resulted in larger rim deformation in one-piece components, with a reduction in press-fit by 1 mm resulting in up to 48% reduction in insertion forces and between 23% and 51% reduction in shell deformation. Lower insertion forces and deformations were observed in modular components. Variability in acetabular reaming plays a significant role in the ease of implantation and component deformation in total hip arthroplasty. Modular components are less susceptible to deformation than thin-walled monoblock shells. Care should be taken to avoid excessive under-reaming, particularly in the scenario of large shell size and high-density patient bone stock.
From peripheral region to escalator region in Europe: Young Baltic graduates in London
Authors: King Russell , Lulle Aija , Parutis Violetta , Saar Maarja
Published: April 2017

This paper examines recent migration from three little-studied European Union (EU) countries, the Baltic states, focusing on early-career graduates who move to London. It looks at how these young migrants explain the reasons for their move, their work and living experiences in London, and their plans for the future, based on 78 interviews with individual migrants. A key objective of this paper is to rejuvenate the core–periphery structural framework through the theoretical lens of London as an ‘escalator’ region for career development. We add a necessary nuance on how the time dimension is crucial in understanding how an escalator region functions – both in terms of macro-events such as EU enlargement or economic crisis, and for life-course events such as career advancement or family formation. Our findings indicate that these educated young adults from the EU’s north-eastern periphery migrate for a combination of economic, career, lifestyle and personal-development reasons. They are ambivalent about their futures and when, and whether, they will return-migrate.
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Incidence and Management in Jordan
Authors: Al Qadire Mohammad
Published: April 2017

Cancer patients experience a considerable number of symptoms during the course of their disease. Of these symptoms, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most reported and it increases the cancer burden on patients. This study aims to assess the current status of CINV among Jordanian cancer patients, with regard to its incidence and management. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. The study sample was 185 cancer patients. The mean age of participants was 46.6 years ( SD = 15.5, range = 18-76) and were mainly female (56.8%). The incidence of nausea and vomiting was high at 71.4% and 57.3%, respectively. Most of the patients (89.7%) received a 5-HT3 antagonist therapy combined with corticosteroids therapy (81.1%). This study demonstrated a high incidence rate of all types of CINV, which was undertreated. Antiemetic treatment could be improved by encouraging nurses to introduce the internationally agreed guidelines into their daily clinical practice.
Addressing Concerns About How Perfectionistic Discrepancy Should Be Measured With the Revised Almost Perfect Scale
Authors: Rice Kenneth G. , Gnilka Philip B. , Davis Don E. , Ashby Jeffrey S.
Published: April 2017

We examine the conceptual and empirical merits of concerns Flett et al. recently raised about the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised (APS-R), specifically that items on the APS-R Discrepancy should be separated into a “Pure” Discrepancy factor and a Dissatisfaction factor. Limitations in the logic and findings of that critique are summarized. We replicate and extend Flett et al.’s study with results from two samples: (a) college freshmen STEM students ( N = 279) and (b) doctoral students in a national sample ( N = 529). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the alternative measurement models could be fit to the data, but were not practical improvements over the original APS-R factor model: Alternative discrepancy factors failed to demonstrate discriminant validity, nor did they have meaningfully different patterns of associations with numerous criterion variables (i.e., stress, emotion regulation, rumination, adult attachment, and life satisfaction). Thus, a data-based answer to the question of how perfectionistic discrepancy should be assessed is to stay the course with confidence using the original APS-R.
Auditory and Visual Executive Functions in Children and Response to Methylphenidate: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hadar Yaffa , Hocherman Shraga , Lamm Oren , Tirosh Emanuel
Published: April 2017

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess auditory and visually based executive functions (EFs) and the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) in children with ADHD. Methods: Thirty-six boys between the ages of 8.3 and 9.7 years with ADHD and 36 matched controls were included. The study group was randomized into MPH and placebo for 7 days each in a crossover design. A Cued Choice Reaction Time (CCRT) test that included incongruent cuing was administered at baseline and following 1 and 2 weeks. Results: The difference between the study and control groups was more evident with visual cues and incongruent cuing. Increased gains by children with predominantly hyperactive–impulsive\combined (HI\C) type of ADHD were observed under MPH. Conclusions: The differences between children with ADHD and typical children are more pronounce under incongruent auditory cuing . The gains attributable to MPH are more specific to tasks involving auditory and visual EFs and in children with HI\C type ADHDs.
Perioperative Coagulation Management of a Hemophilia A Patient During Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Odonkor Patrick , Srinivas Archana , Strauss Erik , Williams Brittney , Mazzeffi Michael , Tanaka Kenichi A.
Published: April 2017

Perioperative management of cardiovascular surgical procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients with hemophilia A poses a clinical challenge in coagulation management. Use of CPB requires the administration of an anticoagulant, usually unfractionated heparin, and also causes dilutional coagulopathy, platelet dysfunction or platelet consumption coagulopathy. Hypothermia and activation of the inflammatory cascade also affect coagulation. The effects of CPB on circulating levels of factor VIII have not been clearly defined. In this review, the effects of CPB and hemodilution on FVIII are shown in a case presentation, and perioperative laboratory testing in patients with hemophilia A having cardiac surgery is discussed along with perioperative and postoperative coagulation management.
Identity politics revisited: On Audre Lorde, intersectionality, and mobilizing writing styles
Authors: Ilmonen Kaisa
Published: April 2017

‘Intersectionality’ has taken on a complex position in the field of feminist scholarship over the last decade. Debate on the concept has swung back and forth, from buzzword to harsh critique. Amid these discussions, many feminist scholars have thought about Audre Lorde and the role of her writings in the debates over intersectionality. Lorde’s radical literary feminism has often been seen both as reflecting a politics of identity, on the one hand, and as shifting and situational, on the other. Intersectionality has also been claimed either to be recycling the ideas of identity politics or to be forging new ways to grasp decentered identity positions and power structures. This article aims to tell a story about the roots of intersectionality through – and alongside – the legacy of Lorde’s feminism, by revisiting certain identity-political ideas. The radical nature of Lorde’s thinking is in many ways connected to politicized writing styles and rebellious literary forms. The main focus in this article is therefore extended to cover the role and implications of radical writing styles for intersectionality. The article argues that the oeuvre of telling the story of intersectionality through Lorde’s feminism opens up a new perspective on the genealogy of intersectionality.
A note on language contact: Laz language in Turkey
Authors: Akkuş Mehmet
Published: April 2017

Classified as an endangered language, the Laz language is spoken in a restricted area by a small number of speakers. The contact between Turkish and Laz is intense and unidirectional in that the latter is only restrained to communication among family members in small speech communities. Contact-induced change, which is an inevitable outcome of Turkish-Laz contact, is investigated by placing special emphasis on loanwords. This paper, thus, addresses the contact between Turkish and the Laz language at lexical level and aims to examine whether the existence of Turkish nouns as loanwords in the Laz language is due to contact-induced language change with a culture-heavy loanword transmission or to gradual language loss. The data analysis reveals that these alterations can be divided into four major categories which are i) treatment of vowels, ii) treatment of consonants, iii) direct insertion, and iv) loanblends. The results show that nouns that are transmitted from Turkish into the Laz language undergo phonological and morphological alterations. The contact-induced change in the Laz language is probably due to historical process, lack of knowledge of the Laz language among the young generation and the dominance of Turkish language in social and educational setting. The study is original as it is the first attempt to examine the contact-induced change at lexical level in addition to studies by İmer (1997) and Kutcher (2008) investigating contact between Turkish and the Laz languages. The findings of the study are limited to contact-induced changes taking place in nouns transmitted from Turkish into the Laz language. Therefore, further research is needed to shed light on changes in other lexical categories like adjectives, adverbs, verbs, and so on.
Associations between the workplace-effort in psychosocial risk management and the employee-rating of the psychosocial work environment – a multilevel study of 7565 employees in 1013 workplaces
Authors: Thorsen Sannie Vester , Madsen Ida Elisabeth Huitfeldt , Flyvholm Mari-Ann , Hasle Peter
Published: April 2017

Aims: This study examined the association between the workplace-effort in psychosocial risk management and later employee-rating of the psychosocial work environment. Method: The study is based on data from two questionnaire surveys – one including 1013 workplaces and one including 7565 employees from these workplaces. The association was analyzed using multi-level linear regression. The association for five different trade-groups and for five different psychosocial work environment domains was examined. Results: Limited but statistically significant better employee-ratings of the psychosocial work environment in the respective domains were observed among Danish workplaces that prioritized “development possibilities for employees,” “recognition of employees,” “employees influence on own work tasks,” good “communication at the workplace,” and “help to prevent work overload.” Conclusion: Danish workplaces with a high effort in psychosocial risk management in the preceding year had a small but significantly more positive rating of the psychosocial work environment by the employees. However, future studies are needed to establish the causality of the associations.
Prognostic implications of myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary calcium score in a Macedonian cohort of asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mitevska Irena Peovska , Baneva Natalija , Srbinovska Elizabeta , Stojanovska Lily , Apostolopoulos Vasso , Bosevski Marijan
Published: April 2017

Aim:

Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for coronary artery disease; however, a number of studies have shown that patients are asymptomatic for coronary artery disease. The presence of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes was evaluated to determine its impact on management decision and prognosis.

Methods:

A total of 75 patients underwent single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of suspected coronary artery disease. We used 17-segment model for perfusion and function analysis. Multislice computed tomography was performed in 45 patients to assess coronary artery calcium. Complete laboratory analyses with lipid values and standard risk factors were analysed. Forward logistic regression analysis was used to assess predictive parameters for myocardial ischaemia during the follow-up period of 20 ± 4 months.

Results and Conclusion:

Silent myocardial ischaemia and subclinical coronary artery disease can be detected in a significant proportion of asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients with normal myocardial perfusion imaging had an excellent 2-year prognosis with optimal medical therapy and intensive risk factor control. In comparison, an abnormal myocardial perfusion imaging led to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary artery calcium are valuable tools for risk stratification and optimal treatment decision in this asymptomatic diabetic cohort of Macedonian patients.
The impact of smoking on the development of diabetes and its complications
Authors: Śliwińska-Mossoń Mariola , Milnerowicz Halina
Published: April 2017

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and emerges secondary to an interaction between genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. This work provides an overview of the impact of smoking on the development of vascular complications in this condition and also provides an overview of the potential role of smoking in predisposition to diabetes. There are many studies documenting the impact of smoking on health (not focused on patients with diabetes), suggesting that the health exposure in these individuals is at least comparable to that observed in the general population. Distinct studies of smoking in patients with diabetes have unambiguously confirmed an increased prevalence and a higher risk of early death associated with the development of macrovascular complications. Smoking is also associated with premature development of microvascular complications and may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It has been shown that smoking is a predictor of the progression of glucose intolerance at both the transition from normoglycaemia to impaired glucose tolerance status and the increased risk of developing diabetes. The mechanisms explaining the relationship between smoking and the development of diabetes are not fully understood, although a number of hypotheses have been put forward. Current evidence indicates that smoking cessation is not only important to prevent macrovascular complications in diabetes, but also has a role in limiting microvascular disease and may also facilitate glycaemic management in this condition.
Self-Efficacy and Psychological Ownership Mediate the Effects of Empowering Leadership on Both Good and Bad Employee Behaviors
Authors: Kim Minseo , Beehr Terry A.
Published: April 2017

This study examined the potential effects of empowering leadership on followers’ in-role performance and deviant behaviors via self-efficacy and psychological ownership over a 3-week period in a sample of 299 full-time employees working in the United States. Results from structural equation modeling demonstrated that empowering leadership was positively related to both self-efficacy and psychological ownership, which in turn were both negatively related to deviant behaviors. Alternative model comparisons and bootstrapping both confirmed the mediation effects of self-efficacy and psychological ownership. However, only one of the two mediators, self-efficacy, was positively related to followers’ in-role performance. Together, these findings highlighted the important roles of self-efficacy and psychological ownership explaining why empowering leadership may result in followers’ behaviors.
Fuzzy–synthetic minority oversampling technique: Oversampling based on fuzzy set theory for Android malware detection in imbalanced datasets
Authors: Xu Yanping , Wu Chunhua , Zheng Kangfeng , Niu Xinxin , Yang Yixian
Published: April 2017

In previous work, imbalanced datasets composed of more benign samples (the majority class) than the malicious one (the minority class) have been widely adopted in Android malware detection. These imbalanced datasets bias learning toward the majority class, so that the minority class examples are more likely to be misclassified. To solve the problem, we propose a new oversampling method called fuzzy–synthetic minority oversampling technique, which is based on fuzzy set theory and the synthetic minority oversampling technique method. As the sample size of the majority class increases relative to that of the minority class, fuzzy–synthetic minority oversampling technique generates more synthetic examples for each minority class examples in the fuzzy region, where the minority examples have a low degree of membership to the minority class and are more likely to be misclassified. Using the new synthetic examples, the classifiers build larger decision regions that contain more minority examples, and they are no longer biased to the majority class. Compared with synthetic minority oversampling technique and Borderline–synthetic minority oversampling technique methods, fuzzy–synthetic minority oversampling technique achieves higher accuracy on both the minority class and the entire datasets.
Mixed Lymphangioma and Cavernous Hemangioma Within the Ulnar Nerve: A Case Report
Authors: Prater Michael Canaan , Janz Brian A.
Published: April 2017

Background: Lymphangiomas are benign lymphatic vessel hamartomas typically found in the skin or subcutaneous tissue of the head and neck. Although mostly seen in a congenital context, acquired forms have been reported. By contrast, cavernous hemangiomas are benign hamartomas of endothelial origin. They can arise anywhere in the body, but are typically described as arising from the central nervous system. Methods: We report the case of a young patient who developed a mixed lymphangioma and cavernous hemangioma within the ulnar nerve. The tumor was removed during an intrafascicular dissection with preservation of all major fascicles. Results: Postoperatively, the patient retained intrinsic motor function and full sensation returned. This is the first published case of this type of mixed tumor occurring in a peripheral nerve. Conclusions: It could not be ascertained whether trauma was the mechanism by which a lymphangioma developed within the peripheral nerve, as has been proposed. Although this is plausible, alternative mechanisms should be considered.
Immunotherapy for Cat Allergies: A Potential Strategy to Scratch Back
Authors: Clark James , White Nicole D.
Published: April 2017

Cat allergies are a common and costly problem in the United States. Various drug and nondrug therapies exist to alleviate and control symptoms once allergic disease has developed. However, these therapies are often ineffective or do not address the underlying condition itself. Immunotherapy is an option for patients when symptoms are not adequately controlled by medications and/or avoidance measures, when adverse effects of medications are unacceptable, or when the patient wants to reduce their long-term use of medication. The purpose of this article is to describe the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy when used to prevent or treat cat allergies.