bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do inquiry-based teaching and school climate influence science achievement and critical thinking? Evidence from PISA 2015
Authors: Gómez Ricardo L. , Suárez Ana María
Published: August 2020

Background

Inquiry-based teaching (IBT) and improving school climate are the two most commonly used strategies for fostering learning and critical thinking skills in students. IBT has positioned itself as one of the most recommended “active” methodologies for developing intellectual autonomy and complex thought processes, whereas school climate is considered to be a protective factor that helps mitigate adverse conditions and has a positive impact on teaching and learning. This study investigates the relationship between IBT and school climate with the academic performance of Colombian students in the PISA 2015 test.

Results

Using a two-level Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), the results show a negative association between IBT and students’ scientific performance in the test. However, results show a positive association between IBT and students’ self-reported critical thinking skills. Results also show that school climate is a positive moderating factor on learning. Contextual factors such as the student’s grade level at the time of sitting for the PISA test, gender, and socioeconomic characteristics are strong predictors of science achievement in PISA.

Conclusions

These results reveal the need for additional research on the effect of the so-called active methodologies and school context on student learning. Regarding IBT, it seems that its influence is greater on student’s perception and motivation, than in acquisition of scientific knowledge. Positive school climate is a protective factor that can help to improve student learning. In Colombia, the quality of students’ educational outcomes has largely been attributed to their socioeconomic background. However, the results of this study show that, although students’ and schools’ socioeconomic characteristics continue to be strong predictors of academic performance, teaching practices can have an even larger impact.
Circadian misalignment on submarines and other non-24-h environments – from research to application
Authors: Guo Jin-Hu , Ma Xiao-Hong , Ma Huan , Zhang Yin , Tian Zhi-Qiang , Wang Xin , Shao Yong-Cong
Published: August 2020

Circadian clocks have important physiological and behavioral functions in humans and other organisms, which enable organisms to anticipate and respond to periodic environmental changes. Disturbances in circadian rhythms impair sleep, metabolism, and behavior. People with jet lag, night workers and shift workers are vulnerable to circadian misalignment. In addition, non-24-h cycles influence circadian rhythms and cause misalignment and disorders in different species, since these periods are beyond the entrainment ranges. In certain special conditions, e.g., on submarines and commercial ships, non-24-h watch schedules are often employed, which have also been demonstrated to be deleterious to circadian rhythms. Personnel working under such conditions suffer from circadian misalignment with their on-watch hours, leading to increased health risks and decreased cognitive performance. In this review, we summarize the research progress and knowledge concerning circadian rhythms on submarines and other environments in which non-24-h watch schedules are employed.
Big and open linked data analytics: a study on changing roles and skills in the higher educational process
Authors: Lnenicka Martin , Kopackova Hana , Machova Renata , Komarkova Jitka
Published: August 2020

The concept of openness and information sharing (linking) together with increasing amounts of data available significantly affect the current educational system. Institutions as well as other stakeholders are facing challenges how to successfully deal with them and potentially profit from them. In this regard, this paper explores opportunities of big and open linked data analytics in the educational process intended to develop the new set of skills. A comprehensive literature review resulted in a framework of relevant skills, namely soft, hard, and data analytics skills. Their importance was evaluated using a Delphi method. In order to determine the relationships between involved stakeholders, their roles and requirements, a stakeholder theory is utilized. It resulted in the identification of current and emerging roles of stakeholders in the data analytics ecosystem. A structural classification of stakeholders’ influences and impacts then represents a necessary background for establishing strategies for the development of the right skills needed to gain the value from these data. This paper provides a comprehensive view on big and open linked data analytics in the educational context, defines and interlinks data-related with current roles as well as the skills required to perform data analytics.
Early-Middle Permian palynoflora of Shandong Province, eastern North China
Authors: Yin Tian-Tao , Li Shou-Jun , Zhang Xiang-Yu , Zhao Xiu-Li
Published: August 2020

The Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi formations exposed in Shandong Province, eastern North China, contain abundant spores and pollen. In this study, a total of 42 genera and 146 species of spores and pollen from these Permian formations, native to northern China, are identified and related to the three epochs of the Permian Period (Cisuralian, Guadalupian, and Lopingian Epochs) as two assemblages: Assemblage I — the Laevigatosporites–Granulatisporites assemblage, inferred as the Cisuralian (~ 298.9–272.9 Ma); and, Assemblage II — the Gulisporites–Sinulatisporites assemblage, inferred as the Guadalupian (~ 272.9–259.1 Ma). Assemblage I represents growing ferns, whereas Assemblage II represents gymnosperms. The assemblage division and analysis indicated that the palaeoclimate of the study area during Early-Middle Permian time was dominated by warm and humid conditions, and later in the Middle Permian changed into moderately dry conditions.
Investigating the relationship between changes in oil prices and unemployment rate in Nigeria: linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approaches
Authors: Raifu Isiaka Akande , Aminu Alarudeen , Folawewo Abiodun O.
Published: August 2020

The increasing unemployment in Nigeria has motivated several empirical studies on the causes of the problem in the country. However, attention has not been paid to the contribution of the changes in oil prices to the unemployment problem. As a net exporting oil country, a fluctuation in oil prices in the international market can have impact on economic growth and employment. In the light of this, we investigate the effect of changes in oil prices on unemployment rate in Nigeria, using real oil prices of Brent and West Texas International with linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) estimation methods. Findings from linear ARDL show that changes in oil prices have little or no significant effects on unemployment rate. The NARDL results indicate that an increase and a decrease in oil prices have an insignificant positive effect on unemployment in the short run. However, in the long run, an increase in oil prices worsens unemployment situation, while a decrease has insignificant reducing effect. We also find evidence of a long-run asymmetric relationship between oil prices and unemployment. The need for government to invest oil revenues in generating more electricity or in providing alternative sources of energy with the objective to reduce the costs of production of firms is recommended.
Oxygen Reserve Index: Utility as an Early Warning for Desaturation in High-Risk Surgical Patients
Authors: Fleming Neal W. , Singh Amrik , Lee Leonard , Applegate Richard L.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

Perioperative pulse oximetry hemoglobin saturation (Spo
2) measurement is associated with fewer desaturation and hypoxia episodes. However, the sigmoidal nature of oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation limits the accuracy of estimation of the partial pressure of oxygen (Pao
2) >80 mm Hg and correspondingly limits the ability to identify when Pao
2 >80 mm Hg but falling. We hypothesized that a proxy measurement for oxygen saturation (Oxygen Reserve Index [ORI]) derived from multiwavelength pulse oximetry may allow additional warning time before critical desaturation or hypoxia. To test our hypothesis, we used a Masimo multiwavelength pulse oximeter to compare ORI and Spo
2 warning times during apnea in high-risk surgical patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS:

This institutional review board–approved prospective study (NCT03021473) enrolled American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III or IV patients scheduled for elective surgery with planned preinduction arterial catheter placement. In addition to standard monitors, an ORI sensor was placed and patients were monitored with a pulse oximeter displaying the ORI, a nondimensional parameter that ranges from 0 to 1. Patients were then preoxygenated until ORI plateaued. Following induction of anesthesia, mask ventilation with 100% oxygen was performed until neuromuscular blockade was established. Endotracheal intubation was accomplished using videolaryngoscopy to confirm placement. The endotracheal tube was not connected to the breathing circuit, and patients were allowed to be apneic. Ventilation was resumed when Spo
2 reached 94%. We defined ORI warning time as the time from when the ORI alarm registered (based on the absolute value and the rate of change) until the Spo
2 decreased to 94%. We defined the Spo
2 warning time as the time for Spo
2 to decrease from 97% to 94%. The added warning time provided by ORI was defined as the difference between ORI warning time and Spo
2 warning time.

RESULTS:

Forty subjects were enrolled. Complete data for analysis were available from 37 patients. The ORI alarm registered before Spo
2 decreasing to 97% in all patients. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) ORI warning time was 80.4 seconds (59.7–105.9 seconds). Median (IQR) Spo
2 warning time was 29.0 seconds (20.5–41.0 seconds). The added warning time provided by ORI was 48.4 seconds (95% confidence interval [CI], 40.4–62.0 seconds; P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

In adult high-risk surgical patients, ORI provided clinically relevant added warning time of impending desaturation compared to Spo
2. This additional time may allow modification of airway management, earlier calls for help, or assistance from other providers. The potential patient safety impact of such monitoring requires further study.
Echocardiogram Utilization Patterns and Association With Mortality Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Chen Fangyu , Komisarow Jordan M. , Mills Brianna , Vavilala Monica , Hernandez Adrian , Laskowitz Daniel T. , Mathew Joseph P. , James Michael L. , Haines Krista L. , Raghunathan Karthik , Fuller Matt , Bartz Raquel R. , Krishnamoorthy Vijay
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in left ventricular dysfunction, which can lead to hypotension and secondary brain injuries. Although echocardiography is often used to examine cardiovascular function in multiple clinical settings, its use and association with outcomes following severe TBI are not known. To address this gap, we used the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) to describe utilization patterns of echocardiography and examine its association with mortality following severe TBI.

METHODS:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a large administrative trauma registry maintained by the NTDB from 2007 to 2014. Patients >18 years with isolated severe TBI, and without concurrent severe polytrauma, were included in the study. We examined echocardiogram utilization patterns (including overall utilization, factors associated with utilization, and variation in utilization) and the association of echocardiography utilization with hospital mortality, using multivariable logistic regression models.

RESULTS:

Among 47,808 patients, echocardiogram was utilized as part of clinical care in 2548 patients (5.3%). Clinical factors including vascular comorbidities and hemodynamic instability were associated with increased use of echocardiograms. Nearly half (46.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 40.3%–51.7%) of the variation in echocardiogram utilization was explained at the individual hospital level, above and beyond patient and injury factors. Exposure to an echocardiogram was associated with decreased odds of in-hospital mortality following severe TBI (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69–0.87; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Echocardiogram utilization following severe TBI is relatively low, with wide variation in use at the hospital level. The association with decreased in-hospital mortality suggests that the information derived from echocardiography may be relevant to improving patient outcomes but will require confirmation in further prospective studies.
Nuclear Quantum Effect on the Geometry of NH4+(H2O)
Authors: Kuwahata Kazuaki , Tachikawa Masanori
Published: August 2020

The nuclear quantum effect of a singly hydrated ammonium ion cluster, NH4+(H2O), is investigated using an ab initio on-the-fly path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) simulation with a BHandHLYP/6-31++G(d,p) level of calculations. Owing to the nuclear quantum effect with a PIMD simulation, the bond length of N–O (RNO) is shortened and the distribution of the angle of O–N–Hb ($\theta _{\text{ONH}_{\text{b}}}$) is greater. These results indicate that the nuclear quantum effect has two apparent contradictory contributions. One is the strengthening of the hydrogen bond arising from the zero-point energy (ZPE), whereas the other is facilitating the rotation of NH4+ in water owing to a quantum fluctuation.
Aryl Radical Addition to Curvatures of Carbon Nanohorns for Single-Molecule-Level Molecular Imaging
Authors: Kamei Ko , Shimizu Toshiki , Harano Koji , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: August 2020

Real-time imaging of the dynamics of single molecules and molecular assemblies with atomic-resolution electron microscopy is an emerging experimental methodology to obtain single-molecule-level information on molecular motions and reactions. The central idea of the methodology is to capture single molecules and molecular assemblies in solution with a chemical fishhook and bring them into the nm-scale view field of the electron microscope. We report herein the installation of aromatic groups on carbon nanohorns by the addition of in situ-generated aryl radicals from arylamines selectively to strained areas of positive and negative curvature on the graphitic surface. We can introduce a variety of aromatic moieties including substituted carbo- and heteroaromatics, which can capture molecules from their solution through amide bond formation and van der Waals interaction.
Folding heterogeneity in the essential human telomerase RNA three-way junction
Authors: Palka Christina , Forino Nicholas M. , Hentschel Jendrik , Das Rhiju , Stone Michael D.
Published: August 2020

Telomeres safeguard the genome by suppressing illicit DNA damage responses at chromosome termini. To compensate for incomplete DNA replication at telomeres, most continually dividing cells, including many cancers, express the telomerase ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Telomerase maintains telomere length by catalyzing de novo synthesis of short DNA repeats using an internal telomerase RNA (TR) template. TRs from diverse species harbor structurally conserved domains that contribute to RNP biogenesis and function. In vertebrate TRs, the conserved regions 4 and 5 (CR4/5) fold into a three-way junction (TWJ) that binds directly to the telomerase catalytic protein subunit and is required for telomerase function. We have analyzed the structural properties of the human TR (hTR) CR4/5 domain using a combination of in vitro chemical mapping, secondary structural modeling, and single-molecule structural analysis. Our data suggest the essential P6.1 stem–loop within CR4/5 is not stably folded in the absence of the telomerase reverse transcriptase in vitro. Rather, the hTR CR4/5 domain adopts a heterogeneous ensemble of conformations. Finally, single-molecule FRET measurements of CR4/5 and a mutant designed to stabilize the P6.1 stem demonstrate that TERT binding selects for a structural conformation of CR4/5 that is not the dominant state of the TERT-free in vitro RNA ensemble.
Εκπαίδευση Χαρισματικών Μαθητών και Επίπεδα Van Hiele
Authors: Νικολόπουλος Γιάννης
Published: August 2020

Η εισήγηση έχει σαν βάση την βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση και την εμπειρία της μακρόχρονης διδασκαλίας, επίσης υποστηρίζεται έμμεσα από έρευνα στα πλαίσια διατριβής που εστιάζεται στον Όγκο των Στερεών και αξιοποιεί τα επίπεδα Van Hiele σε μαθητές του Γυμνασίου. Το ερώτημα που απασχολεί είναι πώς και πόσο μπορούμε να αναπτύξουμε τα Χαρισματικά παιδιά; Αλλά ας δούμε πώς ορίζουν οι ‘ειδικοί’ σήμερα την Χαρισματικότητα; Υπάρχουν πολλοί ορισμοί που έχουν ‘ξεπεράσει’ ή αλλιώς δεν αρκούνται στον Δείκτη Νοημοσύνης (Δ.Ν.) με ακραίο παράδειγμα τον Gardner που προτείνει τα οκτώ είδη Νοημοσύνης. Εμείς στηριζόμαστε σε ορισμό που διατύπωσαν οι Renzulli και Reis (1994), όπου η Χαρισματικότητα συνίσταται σε συμπεριφορές βασικών ανθρώπινων γνωρισμάτων: 1. Την Νοητική Ικανότητα, με τον Δ.Ν. άνω του Μέσου Όρου. 2. Του υψηλού βαθμού προσήλωσης στο έργο (πιθανώς λόγω παρελθόντων γνώσεων και επίσης ενδιαφέροντος) και 3. Του υψηλού βαθμού δημιουργικότητας. Για να εκπαιδεύσουμε Χαρισματικούς Μαθητές πρέπει καταρχάς να επιμορφώσουμε κατάλληλα εκπαιδευτικούς και να δούμε τις ενότητες στις οποίες θα επενδύσουμε για να βελτιώσουμε τους εν λόγω μαθητές. Να σημειώσουμε ότι εκτός από τα Γλωσσικά πλεονεκτήματα που διαθέτουν οι χαρισματικοί, έχουν επίσης σπουδαίες επιδόσεις στα Μαθηματικά.Θα στηριχθούμε στην θεωρία των Επιπέδων Van Hiele σε συνδυασμό με Ζώνη Επικείμενης Ανάπτυξης (ZEA) του Vygotsky. Επίσης θα σταθούμε στον τρόπο που η σημερινή κοινωνία αντιμετωπίζει τα παιδιά που τα ονομάζουμε Χαρισματικά και τι κάνουν οι αρμόδιοι φορείς στην κατεύθυνση της μόρφωσης.
Humanistic burden and economic impact of heart failure – a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Giles Lucia , Freeman Caroline , Field Polly , Sörstadius Elisabeth , Kartman Bernt
Published: August 2020

Background: Heart failure (HF) is increasing in prevalence worldwide. This systematic review was conducted to inform understanding of its humanistic and economic burden.

Methods: Electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE®, and Cochrane Library) were searched in May 2017. Data were extracted from studies reporting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 200 patients or more (published 2007–2017), or costs and resource use in 100 patients or more (published 2012–2017). Relevant HRQoL studies were those that used the 12- or 36-item Short-Form Health Surveys, EuroQol Group 5-dimensions measure of health status, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire or Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire.

Results: In total, 124 studies were identified: 54 for HRQoL and 71 for costs and resource use (Europe: 25/15; North America: 24/50; rest of world/multinational: 5/6). Overall, individuals with HF reported worse HRQoL than the general population and patients with other chronic diseases. Some evidence identified supports a correlation between increasing disease severity and worse HRQoL. Patients with HF incurred higher costs and resource use than the general population and patients with other chronic conditions. Inpatient care and hospitalizations were identified as major cost drivers in HF.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that patients with HF experience worse HRQoL and incur higher costs than individuals without HF or patients with other chronic diseases. Early treatment of HF and careful disease management to slow progression and to limit the requirement for hospital admission are likely to reduce both the humanistic burden and economic impact of HF.
Homeostasis: getting a balance
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: August 2020

The healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) must have an understating of how the body works and how it functions in both illness and in health, so as to offer people care that is safe, effective and person-centred. This series of articles offers the HCA and AP an understanding of how the human body works: its anatomy and physiology.

The first article of this series ( Peate, 2020 ) provided insight into the terminology used in anatomy. This article focuses on homeostasis, how it is that the body maintains a stable internal environment regardless of the changes that occur externally. The third article considers the cells, which are the basic building blocks of all living things. The rest of the series considers each of the body's systems in turn. In this article, a definition of homeostasis is provided and examples are discussed as to how the body maintains homeostasis. The article ends with a glossary of terms and set of questions used as self-assessment.
Protecting frontline workers and their patients from infection
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: August 2020

The primary role of personal protective equipment (PPE) within the healthcare environment is to either protect the patient from the healthcare worker or the healthcare worker from the patient. Both patients and carers can be vectors of infectious disease. Hospitals and other healthcare institutions need to protect frontline workers such as healthcare assistants and their patients from infections such as COVID-19.
The Universal Entry Point with oblique screw is superior to fixation perpendicular to the physis in moderate slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Authors: Lee Jillian , Lillia Jonathon A. , Bellemore Jeremy M. , Little David G. , Cheng Tegan L.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is often treated with in situ pinning, with the current gold standard being stabilization with a screw perpendicular to the physis. However, this can lead to impingement and a potentially unstable construct. In this study we model the biomechanical effect of two screw positions used for SCFE fixation. We hypothesize that single screw fixation into the centre of the femoral head from the anterior intertrochanteric line (the Universal Entry Point or UEP) provides a more stable construct than single screw fixation perpendicular to the physis with an anterior starting point.

Methods

Sawbone models of moderate SCFE were used to mechanically test the two screw constructs and an unfixed control group. Models were loaded to failure with a shear load applied through the physis in an Instron mechanical tester. The primary outcomes were maximum load, stiffness and energy to failure.

Results

Screw fixation into the centre of the femoral head from the UEP resulted in a greater load to failure (+19%), stiffness (+13%) and energy to failure (+45%) than screw fixation perpendicular to the physis.

Conclusions

In this sawbone construct, screw fixation into the centre of the femoral head from the UEP provides greater biomechanical stability than screw fixation perpendicular to the physis. This approach may also benefit by avoiding an intracapsular entry point in soft metaphyseal bone and subsequent risk of impingement and loss of position.
The Human Brand: A systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Levesque Nataly , Pons Frank
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this article is to provide an in-depth overview of the scientific literature pertaining to the Human Brand (HB) and to highlight research opportunities based on trends and gaps identified over the course of our study. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR)
examining a total of 3910 articles containing the keywords "personal brand" OR "personal brands" OR "personal branding" OR "human brand" OR "human brands" OR "human branding" OR "influencer*" published between 2006 and 2019. We analysed these documentary sources according to our criteria of
inclusion and exclusion, then selected 101 articles from 77 different scientific journals. Based on our results, the artistic industry represents the most studied industry and, it is the influencer which prevails as the most studied type of HB. In addition, influencer identification on social
media represents the most studied subject. The contribution of this article is twofold. First, we present a comprehensive research agenda for potential future studies in this academic field. Secondly, to our knowledge, this is the first SLR focusing on the HB. Based on the existing literature,
we offer an overview of past research while providing findings contributing to a better theoretical and contextual understanding of the subject of interest.
Point-diffraction interferometer wavefront sensor with birefringent crystal
Authors: Tsukui Ryo , Kino Masaru , Yamamoto Kodai , Kurita Mikio
Published: August 2020

A key technique in direct imaging of extrasolar planets with
ground-based telescopes is extreme adaptive optics. It requires a
wavefront sensor capable of achieving high accuracy with a small
number of photons. Imada et al.
[Appl.
Opt. 54, 7870
(2015)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.54.007870] proposed a type of
wavefront sensor that employs a point-diffraction interferometer
(PDI). This type of sensor has problems concerning a low photon-usage
efficiency and manufacturing feasibility. In addition, they did not
give sufficient study on the optimum pinhole size. Here, we propose a
novel PDI, with which these problems are overcome, and study the
optimum pinhole size for it. The sensor is incorporated with
birefringent crystal as the key component to achieve high efficiency
and is feasible to manufacture realistically. We run numerical
simulations to optimize the pinhole size, where the photon noise is
evaluated.
Self-Q-switched and multicolor operation of a Tm:LuAG laser
Authors: Beyatlı Ersen , Kaya Fatma , Bilici Hatıce
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we report self-

Q

-switched (SQS) and three-color operation of an all-solid-state Tm:LuAG laser for the first time to our knowledge. In the experiments, a low-cost 3 W AlGaAs laser diode was used to end-pump the Tm:LuAG crystal inside a four-mirror x cavity. In typical continuous-wave (cw) operation, as high as 754 mW output power was obtained with 49% power efficiency at 2023 nm. Three-color and SQS operations were initiated by fine tuning of the curved mirror separation within the stability range of the resonator. In the three-color regime, the Tm:LuAG laser produced two extra, i.e., 2019 and 2033 nm, wavelength oscillations in addition to on at 2023 nm. As high as 542 mW output power was observed in this regime. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first stable three-color laser operation obtained with an isotropic gain medium without having any birefringent elements in the cavity. Furthermore, the SQS operations were also observed at other curved mirror separations. In the SQS regime, the Tm:LuAG laser produced as fast as 13.3 kHz repetition rate pulses and as high as 42.5 µJ pulse energy. Analysis of power-dependent repetition rate data gave an estimated value of 2% for the round-trip saturable loss of the crystal. As far as we know, this is the first cw-pumped stable SQS 2 µm laser that contains an ordered isotropic gain medium as well as the highest pulse energy obtained in any cw-pumped SQS laser.
Dual-beam antiphase method to improve the WMS measurement limit in long-distance methane detection
Authors: Zhang Zhiwen , Chang Jun , Sun Jiachen , Feng Yiwen , Sun Haoran , Zhang Qinduan , Fan Yongmei , Zhang Zhifeng
Published: August 2020

Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) with second harmonic detection is an extremely effective technique to detect gases in site applications. However, the significant levels of nonlinear effects in a system give rise to high background signals that either limit detection sensitivity or distort the harmonic signals. This paper outlines the theory of WMS-involved background signals and focuses on the elimination of undesirable effects in the background. A real-time, long-distance methane sensor using a tunable diode laser near 1653.7 nm is developed to continuously monitor methane by using a variable optical attenuator to suppress the background. Trace methane detection experiments verify that the minimum detection limit of the system can be increased by 47.5 times compared to the traditional WMS method.
Fashionable effort: The tie in the age of informal dressing
Authors: Mackinney-Valentin Maria
Published: August 2020

From being the emblem of decorum and elegance, the tie has seen a radical decline in Europe and Northern America since the 1990s as a result of relaxed social norms and the association of dressing down with creativity, entrepreneurship and innovation stemming from Silicon Valley. Danish dress culture is particularly informal, brought on by international tendencies towards casual dressing but also by local cultural and geographical conditions that tend to call for functional dress practice. The study is based on interviews with men living in Denmark who wear the tie as a fashion accessory rather than as part of a uniform or according to workplace dress codes. A key finding in the article is the role the tie plays in dressing up as both a social distinction marker and a vehicle for emotional empowerment and physical comfort. The tie is widely considered an icon of western culture and therefore the reclaiming of the tie is also seen as a reaction to a shift towards casual dressing within the western fashion system. Reclaiming the tie is seen here to represent a push to bring back dress etiquette as a celebration of sartorial knowledge, effort and respect.
Prison uniforms on the outside: Intersections with US popular culture
Authors: Akou Heather
Published: August 2020

With the United States having the highest rate of incarceration in the world – peaking in 2008 at 755 prisoners for every 100,000 residents – it is not surprising that American popular culture is saturated with images of prison. Although the experience of being in prison is associated with humiliation, punishment and a lack of choice (which is antithetical to the existence of fashion), numerous films, television shows, music videos, designers and retailers have demystified and even glamorized the ‘look’ of prison. This article explores how Americans outside of prison are able to engage with this imagery – not just as passive consumers of media, but through buying and wearing prison uniform costumes, fashions inspired by prison uniforms, clothing made by prisoners and clothing formerly worn by prisoners.
Transorientalism in Art, Fashion, and Film, Adam Geczy (2019)
Authors: Ruppert-Stroescu Mary
Published: August 2020

Review of: Transorientalism in Art, Fashion, and Film, Adam Geczy (2019)

Great Britain: Bloomsbury Publishing, 232 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35006-014-2, h/bk, $76.47
Obesitateak minbizia izateko arriskua handitzen du... Zer mekanismo daude tartean?
Authors: Gómez Zorita Saioa , Trepiana Jenifer , Eseberri Itziar , Portillo María Puy
Published: August 2020

Minbizia egungo osasun-arazo publiko garrantzitsuenetarikoa da; izan ere, tumoreen intzidentzia izugarri handitu da azken hamarkadetan. Beste faktore askoren artean, elikadura-patroiak nabarmen eragiten du minbiziaren garapenean; hala nola, obesitateak eta haren komorbilitateek. Hainbat minbizi mota garatzeko arriskua areagotzen dute, besteak beste gizon eta emakumezkoetan tiroide, hestegorri, gibel, behazun-besikula, kolon, giltzurrun eta mieloma anitzeko minbiziak, bular eta endometrioko minbiziak emakumezkoen kasuan eta prostatakoa gizonezkoenean. Azken urteetan nahiko ikertu da obesitatea-minbizia harremanean, baina oraindik ez dira ondorio garbiak lortu erlazio hori ezartzen duten mekanismo-multzoei dagokienez. Minbiziaren eta obesitatearen arteko asoziazioari laguntzen dioten mekanismoak aldaketa hormonalekin erlazionaturikoak izaten dira, besteak beste intsulina, intsulinaren antzekoa den 1 hazkuntza hormona (IGF-1) edo sexu-esteroideak. Hormonak ez ezik, adipokinek (leptina eta adiponektina) eta hanturak ere parte hartzen dute minbiziaren garapenean. Era berean, obesitatea eta minbizia pairatzen duten pazienteek metastasi-arrisku handiagoa dute, eta ondorioz, biziraupen-ratio baxuagoa. Ikerketa pre-klinikoetan ikusi ahal izan denez, obesitateak metastasia bultzatzen du melanoma eta birika-minbizi ereduetan. Obesitateak paziente onkologikoen hilkortasun-tasa altuarekin duen lotura ikusita, ezinbestekotzat jotzen da minbizia duten pazienteetan, elikadura-patroi osasuntsuarekin eta jarduera fisikoarekin batera, obesitatea eta sindrome metabolikoa tratatzeko farmakoen erabilera; besteak beste, metformina, tiazolidinedionak eta estatinak erabili ohi dira. Amaitzeko, aipatzekoa da ikerlan gehiagoren beharra dagoela parte hartzen duten mekanismoak ondo ulertu ahal izateko, eta are gehiago, etorkizunean minbiziaren diagnostiko goiztiarrerako baliagarriak izan litezkeen bio-markatzaileak aurkitzeko.
Hiri-hondakinen balorizazioa digestio anaerobioaren bidez
Authors: Vallejo Iratxe , Epelde Eva , Artetxe Maite
Published: August 2020

Urtez urte mundu-mailan ekoizturiko hiri-hondakin solidoen (HHS) kantitatea handituz doa. Beraz, gaur egun hiri-hondakinen kudeaketa egokia gizartearen erronka nagusietarikoa da. Halaber, erregai fosilen erabilerak ingurumenean eragindako kalteak nabarmenak dira. Horrez gaiz, jakina da energia-iturri hau agortzen ari dela. Digestio anaerobioa (DA) hiri-hondakinak kudeatzeko erabiltzen den metodoa da, eta energia berriztagarri gisa hartzen da; izan ere, hiri-hondakinetatik energia-iturria (biogasa) ekoizten da. Lan honetan, hiri-hondakinen zati organikoaren balioztapenerako DAren metodoa aztertuko da. Lehendabizi, hondakin solidoen arazoa eta haiek balioztatzeko aukera desberdinak aztertuko dira. Ondoren, DAren oinarriak zehaztuko dira, eta udal-hondakinen DA prozesuko lau etapak aztertu. Amaitzeko, operazio-baldintzek eta digestio-sistema desberdinek duten eragina aztertuko da.
Experiences with the marsupial frogs: reminiscences of a developmental biologist
Authors: Del Pino Eugenia M.
Published: August 2020

This article provides a brief account of the career of Eugenia M. del Pino. Casual events and serendipity played important roles in modeling her career as a developmental biologist. In collaboration with colleagues and students, she analyzed the biology and development of the marsupial frog Gastrotheca riobambae (family: Hemiphractidae) in comparison with Xenopus laevis and tropical frogs. The emphasis was placed on oogenesis and the early stages of development. Topics include the mono- and multi-nucleated modes of oogenesis. She described two modes of gastrulation in frogs, gastrulation modes one and two, according to the timing of notochord elongation. She was able to establish a pioneer laboratory for the comparative analysis of frog development in Ibero America at the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, in Quito. Her contributions to society include her influence in the establishment of the National Academy of Sciences of Ecuador, and efforts toward the conservation of the Galápagos Archipelago. She is part of a pioneer group of professors that placed Biology as an academic discipline in Ecuador. The experiences of her career reveal that we all face difficulties in our jobs. However, nothing is impossible when we follow a passion. Her work reveals that the key to success is to turn obstacles into opportunities.
20 years of the “Practical Course in Developmental Biology” in Latin America: from Santiago to Quintay, via Juquehy, Buenos Aires and Montevideo
Authors: Mayor Roberto
Published: August 2020

There is growing demand for learning developmental biology in Latin America and a need for advanced students to interact with world leaders of this discipline. This article summarizes some of the efforts that Latin America is making to satisfy the demand in training young Latin American minds for the developmental biology of the future. I focus on a particular course that has been linked to the origins of the Latin America Society of Developmental Biology (LASDB). I describe the motivations to start organizing this course twenty years ago, its history and setbacks. We tracked back the current situation of former students to find out that more than 90% are still doing developmental biology all across the globe. I describe the state of affairs of the Course in its current location in the CIMARQ campus of the Universidad Andres Bello (UNAB), in a place called Quintay on the Chilean coast and I ask about its future.
Geodiversity geological and geomorphological of the municipality of Paraúna, central-southern Goiás state, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Martins , Lima Cláudia Valéria de , Candeiro Carlos Roberto dos Anjos
Published: August 2020

The research area of the present study was the municipality of Paraúna, Goiás state, Brazil, in the mesoregion of Southern Goiás, Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion. Paraúna stands out for its great tourist potential, having various tourist attractions such as the geological structure Ponte de Pedra, the mountains Serra do Galés and Serra da Portaria, among others. The State Park of Paraúna, created by the law-decree Nº 5.568 of March 18th, 2002, is also part of this municipality. This study aimed to analyze and discuss the geodiversity based on geology and geomorphology of Paraúna. The term geodiversity consists of a variety of landscapes, geological environments, rocks, soils, fossils, minerals and other surface deposits that support life on Earth. We identified and mapped seven Geodiversity sites in the northern region of Paraúna municipality.
Mediating Effect of Islamic Social Reporting on the Relationship between Good Corporate Governance and Company Value: The Case of the State-Owned Enterprises
Authors: Yuliana Indah , Sartika Farahiyah
Published: August 2020

The concept of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is related to the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) which guarantees that the funds invested in the company are well managed and will provide adequate returns so that this can attract investors and indirectly can increase the company value. This research aims to analyze the indirect effect of GCG rating on company value through the disclosure of ISR and it also attempts to analyze the direct effect of GCG and ISR toward company value, and the effect of GCG towards ISR. This research used quantitative and descriptive approaches with secondary data. The state-owned enterprises in the manufacturing and mining sector listed in the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) were selected as the sample of the study. The method used in this study includes descriptive statistical analysis, partial least square, and mediation test. The result shows that GCG has a positive effect on company value and ISR disclosure, while ISR disclosure does not affect company value. However, GCG does not affect company value through ISR disclosure. This indicates that ISR disclosure has no mediation effect on the relationship between GCG and company value.
Gestaltung von Führung, Strategie und Organisationskultur für ein erfolgreiches Produktivitätsmanagement in der digitalen Transformation
Authors: Jeske Tim , Frost Martina
Published: August 2020

Eine hohe Produktivität leistet einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Sicherung des Erfolgs von Unternehmen. Ein systematisches Management der Produktivität ist daher ein Erfolgsfaktor für die Unternehmensentwicklung. Dabei sind vielfältige Einflussfaktoren zu berücksichtigen. Im Rahmen einer bundesweiten Befragungsstudie von Fach- und Führungskräften aus Unternehmen der Metall- und Elektroindustrie wurden die drei Faktoren (1) Führung, (2) Strategie und (3) Organisationskultur hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf das Produktivitäts­management bzw. die Produktivität untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich eine gute Feedbackkultur sowie kleine Führungsspannen besonders förderlich auf die Produktivität auswirken. Zudem gaben die Befragungsteilnehmer an, dass eine klar formulierte und kommunizierte Mission, Vision und Ziele sowie die Umsetzung einer entsprechenden Strategie förderlich auf die Produktivität wirken. Fraglich ist bisher, wie diese Einflussfaktoren im Rahmen der digitalen Transformation gestaltet werden können, um gleichermaßen ein gesundes Arbeiten 4.0 und eine Steigerung der Produktivität zu erreichen. Hierzu werden im vorliegenden Beitrag Handlungsempfehlungen für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen vorgestellt.
State of Matter - Transformationen und Innovationen durch erfahrungsbasierte Werkzeuge gestalten
Authors: Hülsen Jannis , Schwabe Stefan , Trübswetter Angelika , Winkler Clemens
Published: August 2020

State of Matter bietet einen partizipativen und begreifbaren Umgang mit abstrakten und schwer zugänglichen Phänomenen. Zentraler Grundgedanke ist die Möglichkeit der Übersetzung und Verwandlung von aktuell abstrakten und nicht greifbaren Phänomenen, Prozessen und Themen in eine physische Erfahrbarkeit. State of Matter knüpft hier an das Konzept des erfahrungsbasierten Verstehens und Lernens von Lakoff und Johnson an und erzeugt Verständnis für neue Technologien durch Sinneswahrnehmung, Körperbewegung sowie der direkten Interaktion mit der physischen und sozialen Umwelt. Durch physische Interaktionskonzepte und den Umgang mit scheinbar einfachen Materialien wird ein tastender Zugang zu den unterschiedlichen komplexen Feldern und Technologien ermöglicht. Im Dialog von physischer Erfahrung und Geist entsteht so Raum für Kreativität.

In diesem Artikel wird der Fokus eines handlungsbezogenen State of Matter Ansatzes an der Schnittstelle zum Digitalen genauer betrachtet. Durch das Nutzbarmachen geeigneter physischer Materialqualitäten in erfahrungsbasierten Übungen zu digitalen Prozessen, die heute zum einen stark vernetzte Vereinfachungen im Alltag und zum anderen auch starke Abstraktion mit sich bringen, erzeugt State of Matter Kristallisationspunkte in der Erfahrbarkeit individueller Möglichkeitsräume. Hierbei wird darauf geachtet, dass diese Erfahrbarkeit hinzugezogene digitale Methoden und Werkzeuge zur weitreichenden Analyse von gesellschaftlichen und technologischen Entwicklungsprozessen einschließt. Somit wird das Workshopformat State of Matter in diesem Artikel als neuartiges Kommunikations- und Gestaltungsformat und als Bindeglied im Digitalen verstanden.
Altersbilder junger Erwachsener
Authors: Fink Sylvana , Rüffert Danny
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund: Aus Fachliteratur und empirischer Forschung geht hervor, dass Altersbilder einen wichtigen Einfluss auf die Gesundheit einer Person nehmen. In Anbetracht des demografischen Wandels rückt das „gesunde Altern“ in den Fokus der Wissenschaft, welches insbesondere schon in jungen Jahren angestrebt werden sollte. Der Beitrag soll einen Einblick in die Pilotstudie liefern, welche untersucht hat, ob durch das Tragen eines Modularen Alterssimulationsanzugs Einfluss auf Altersbilder junger Erwachsener genommen werden kann.

Methode: Im Rahmen der Pilotstudie wurde die Studienpopulation (Alter zwischen 18 und 30 Jahren) in zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt: Kontroll- und Interventionsgruppe. Mittels identischer Online-Fragebögen wurde zu verschiedenen Messzeitpunkten untersucht, ob durch eine Intervention im Sinne des „Instant Aging“ das Altersbild beeinflusst wird. Die Probanden absolvierten hierbei einen standardisierten und an alltäglichen Aufgaben orientierten Versuchsablauf im Alterssimulationsanzug.

Ergebnisse: In der Interventionsgruppe zeichnet sich ein direkter Einfluss durch die Intervention ab. Ein Langzeiteffekt konnte aufgrund nicht signifikanter Ergebnisse nicht belegt werden. Folglich können keine konkreten Schlussfolgerungen getroffen werden.

Folgerung: Die Ergebnisse in der Pilotstudie lassen zwar einen Langzeiteffekt vermuten, um allerdings ableitbare und signifikante Ergebnisse zu erhalten, besteht weiterer Forschungsbedarf.
Untersuchung der ergonomischen Eigenschaften von handbetätigten Mechanismen mittels Ebenen Force Feedback Interface (EFFI)
Authors: Demirkale Bilgehan , Wabnitz Philipp , Teichgräber Carsten , Berger Maik
Published: August 2020

Bei der Entwicklung handbetätigter Produkte mit ebenen Mechanismen spielen haptische Eigenschaften eine wichtige Rolle für die Kaufentscheidung des Kunden und sollten demnach so früh wie möglich in den Produktentwicklungsprozess einbezogen werden. Da CAD- und MKS-Modelle für die Simulation dieser nur bedingt geeignet sind, werden Prototypen hergestellt, welche hohe Kosten verursachen und bei Variantentests einen großen Zeitaufwand bedeuten. Deshalb kommen sogenannte haptische Feedbacksysteme als Werkzeug der virtuellen Produktentwicklung zum Einsatz. Hiermit lassen sich die ergonomischen Eigenschaften für verschiedene Modellvarianten frühzeitig ermitteln und mittels Nutzerstudien vergleichen. Das an der Professur Montage- und Handhabungstechnik entwickelte Ebene Force Feedback Interface (EFFI) wurde auf seine Eignung in dieser Hinsicht untersucht. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass die zuvor berechneten Bahnkurven vom Interface dargestellt werden können. Des Weiteren werden die haptischen Eigenschaften des Modells erfahrbar, wenn Nutzerkräfte am Griff angebracht werden. EFFI bietet somit das Potential ergonomische Studien bereits in einer frühen Entwicklungsphase durchführen zu können.
PeerLeaders: Herausbildung interpersonaler Kompetenzen durch Peer-Gruppen
Authors: Lohmüller Miriam , Brill Manfred
Published: August 2020

Interpersonale Kompetenzen sind im IT-Bereich sehr wichtig, da in diesem Sektor viele Teams und Kleingruppen gebildet werden. Das PeerLeaders-Konzept, bei dem höhere Semester Kommilitonen im Basisstudium unterstützen, festigt den Studienerfolg durch gruppendynamische Prozesse und verbessert Verantwortungsübernahme, Empathiefähigkeit und Networking. Da die Peer-Gruppen für jedes Modul neu gebildet werden, ergibt sich automatisch ein Netzwerk zwischen den Studierenden.

Die Grundidee basiert darauf, dass Studierende höherer Semester diejenigen aus den ersten Semestern im Basisstudium unterstützen. Die Peers erhalten ECTS-Punkte, da das Programm im Rahmen des Seminars „Kommunikations- und Führungstechniken“ stattfindet. Die Unterstützung kann sowohl organisatorisch sowie fachlich erfolgen. Durch die fachliche Unterstützung setzen sich die Studierenden erneut mit dem Stoff aus dem Basisstudium auseinander.
Mehr Zeit für Innovationen durch Digitalisierung
Authors: Schuster Björn
Published: August 2020

Jeder von uns hat das Gefühl, dass die Zeit immer schneller vergeht bzw. Arbeiten immer kurzfristiger fertiggestellt sein müssen. Besonders deutlich wird dies im Spannungsfeld von täglich abzuarbeitenden Routineaufgaben und der Anforderung immer innovativer und kreativer Denken zu müssen. Parallel ergeben sich durch die neuen IT-Technologien Möglichkeiten durch Digitalisierung Routineaufgaben zu automatisieren. Wir als IT-Lösungsanbieter sehen uns als Partner und Umsetzer solcher Digitalisierungsprojekte und unterstützen unsere Kunden bei der Erschließung von Produktivitätsreserven oder der Entwicklung neuer datengetriebener Geschäftsmodelle.Im Fokus des Beitrages stehen sowohl der Engineering-Bereich als auch datengetriebene Services und die Automatisierung der Produktion. Anhand 5 konkreter Digitalisierungsszenarien werden erzielte Potenziale zur Produktivitätssteigerung aufgezeigt und Anregungen zur Optimierung von Bestandsprozessen gegeben, welche maßgeblich zur Steigerung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit führen.