bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First do no harm overlooked: Analysis of COVID-19 clinical guidance for maternal and newborn care from 101 countries shows breastfeeding widely undermined
Authors: Gribble Karleen , Cashin Jennifer , Marinelli Kathleen , Vu Duong Hoang , Mathisen Roger
Published: January 2023

Background

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) published clinical guidance for the care of newborns of mothers with COVID-19. Weighing the available evidence on SARS-CoV-2 infection against the well-established harms of maternal-infant separation, the WHO recommended maternal-infant proximity and breastfeeding even in the presence of maternal infection. Since then, the WHO’s approach has been validated by further research. However, early in the pandemic there was poor global alignment with the WHO recommendations.

Methods

We assessed guidance documents collected in November and December 2020 from 101 countries and two regional agencies on the care of newborns of mothers with COVID-19 for alignment with the WHO recommendations. Recommendations considered were: (1) skin-to-skin contact; (2) early initiation of breastfeeding; (3) rooming-in; (4) direct breastfeeding; (5) provision of expressed breastmilk; (6) provision of donor human milk; (7) wet nursing; (8) provision of breastmilk substitutes; (9) relactation; (10) psychological support for separated mothers; and (11) psychological support for separated infants.

Results

In less than one-quarter of country guidance were the three key breastfeeding facilitation practices of skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in, and direct breastfeeding recommended. Donor human milk was recommended in under one-quarter of guidance. Psychological support for mothers separated from their infants was recommended in 38%. Few countries recommended relactation, wet nursing, or psychological support for infants separated from mothers. In three-quarters of country guidance, expressed breastmilk for infants unable to directly breastfeed was recommended. The WHO and the United Kingdom’s Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists were each cited by half of country guidance documents with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention directly or indirectly cited by 40%.

Conclusion

Despite the WHO recommendations, many COVID-19 maternal and newborn care guidelines failed to recommend skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in, and breastfeeding as the standard of care. Irregular guidance updates and the discordant, but influential, guidance from the United States Centers for Disease Control may have been contributory. It appeared that once recommendations were made for separation or against breastfeeding they were difficult to reverse. In the absence of quality evidence on necessity, recommendations against breastfeeding should not be made in disease epidemics.
Could We Safely Avoid a Second Resection in Selected Patients With T1 Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer? Preliminary Results of Cost-Effectiveness Study From HUmanitas New Indications for ReTUR (HuNIRe) Multicenter Prospective Trial
Authors: Contieri Roberto , Lughezzani Giovanni , Buffi Nicolò Maria , Taverna Gianluigi , Giacobbe Alessandro , Micheli Emanuele , Barra Sabato , Colombo Piergiuseppe , Vanni Elena , Guazzoni Giorgio , Lazzeri Massimo , Hurle Rodolfo ,   HuNIRe Study Group
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study is to assess whether restaging transurethral resection (ReTUR) could be safely replaced with urine cytology (UC) and in-office fiexible cystoscopy in selected T1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Materials and Methods

This is an ongoing prospective multicenter trial enrolling patients diagnosed with T1 BC from 5 Italian centers. Patients with a macroscopically incomplete initial resection or absence of detrusor muscle were subjected to ReTUR according to European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. Conversely, those with a complete tumor resection at initial TUR underwent UC at 3–4 weeks and in-office fiexible white-light and narrow-band cystoscopy at 4–6 weeks. In case of positive UC, or evidence of recurrence at cystoscopy, ReTUR was performed within 2 weeks. Otherwise, patients started Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) induction course without ReTUR. The primary endpoint was to determine the feasibility and the clinical utility of not performing ReTUR in selected T1 NMIBC patients. The secondary endpoint was to perform a cost–benefit analysis of this alternative approach.

Results

Since May 2020, among 87 patients presenting with T1, 76 patients were enrolled. Nineteen (25%) patients underwent standard ReTUR after initial resection, 10 (13.2%) due to the absence of the detrusor muscle and 9 (11.8%) due to a macroscopically incomplete initial TUR. Overall, 57 (75%) patients initially avoided immediate ReTUR and underwent UC plus in-office flexible cystoscopy. Among them, 38 (66.7%) had no evidence of residual disease and immediately started the BCG induction course. Nineteen patients (33.3%) underwent “salvage” ReTUR due to either positive UC (7; 12.3%) or suspicious cystoscopy (12; 21%). Considering only the patients who initially avoided the ReTUR, disease recurrence was observed in 10/57. The saving of resource for each safely avoided ReTUR was estimated to be 1,759 €. Considering the entire sample, we estimated a saving of 855 € per patient if compared with the EAU guideline approach.

Conclusion

The preliminary results of our trial suggested that ReTUR might be safely avoided in highly selected T1 BC patients with a complete resection at first TUR. Longer follow-up and larger sample size are needed to investigate the long-term oncological outcomes of this alternative approach.
Drug utilization research in Peru: Is real-world data available?
Authors: Rodríguez-Tanta L. Yesenia , Garavito Farro Héctor , Freitas Leal Lisiane , Salas Maribel , Elseviers Monique M. , Lopes Luciane Cruz
Published: January 2023

Background: Drug utilization research (DUR) is used to provide evidence-based data to inform policies and make decisions. The aim of this study was to map and describe available data sources for drug utilization research in Peru.

Methods: We performed a search of data sources providing information on medication use on the website of governmental organizations. We also conducted a literature review using PubMed, LILACs, and BVS. Independently, researchers screened eligible data sources. Data characterization included accessibility, coverage data provider, type of data sources, and setting. We performed a descriptive analysis.

Results: We identified seven data sources, CENAFyT, ICI, IDI (SISMED), and ENSUSALUD from MINSA, and CRI-ESSALUD, SGSS/ESSI, and ENSSA from ESSALUD. These presented information on adverse drug reactions (n = 2), drug consumption, and distribution (n = 2), prescription and drug dispensing (n = 1), and surveys addressed to medication users (n = 2). ENSUSALUD was the only data source publicly available. VIGIFLOW and ENSUSALUD have a national granularity from the public and private sectors. The setting of the data sources was both hospital and ambulatory care. Two data sources have individual-level data on adverse drug reactions and one on prescriptions. Four studies on drug utilization research in Peru were derived from ENSUSALUD.

Conclusion: In Peru, few data sources are available for drug utilization research. There is an increased need to monitor medications for decision-making purposes. Local and international initiatives and partnerships of the government with academic institutions and the private sector might be a good strategy to increase the transparency of health data and for supporting decision-making using drug utilization research.
SDI-118, a novel procognitive SV2A modulator: First-in-human randomized controlled trial including PET/fMRI assessment of target engagement
Authors: Botermans Wouter , Koole Michel , Van Laere Koen , Savidge Jonathan R. , Kemp John A. , Sunaert Stefan , Duffy Maeve M. , Ramael Steven , Cesura Andrea M. , D’Ostilio Kevin , Gossen Denis , Madsen Torsten M. , Lodeweyckx Thomas , de Hoon Jan
Published: January 2023

Background: Current treatments for progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by cognitive impairment either have limited efficacy or are lacking altogether. SDI-118 is a small molecule which modulates the activity of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) in the brain and shows cognitive enhancing effects in a range of animal models of cognitive deficit.

Methods: This first-in-human study evaluated safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of SDI-118 in single ascending oral doses up to 80 mg administered to 32 healthy male subjects. Brain target occupancy was measured in eight subjects using positron emission tomography with PET-ligand [11C]-UCB-J. Food effect was assessed in seven subjects. Mood state was regularly evaluated using standardized questionnaires, and resting state fMRI data were analyzed as exploratory objectives.

Key Results: At all doses tested, SDI-118 was well tolerated and appeared safe. Adverse events were mainly dizziness, hypersomnia, and somnolence. All were mild in intensity and increased in frequency with increasing administered dose. No dose-limiting adverse reactions were observed at any dose. SDI-118 displayed a linear pharmacokinetic profile with no significant food effect. Brain penetration and target engagement were demonstrated by a dose-proportional SV2A occupancy.

Conclusion: Single oral doses of SDI-118 up to 80 mg were very well tolerated in healthy male subjects. Dose-proportional SV2A occupancy in the brain was demonstrated with brain imaging. Adverse effects in humans mainly occurred in higher dose ranges, with high occupancy levels, and were all mild and self-limiting. These data support further clinical exploration of the compound in patients with cognitive disorders.

Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT05486195
Spectral analysis of Monte Carlo calculated fluence correction and cema conversion factors for high-energy photon beams at different depths
Authors: Roers Julian , Czarnecki Damian , Alissa Mohamad , Zink Klemens
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the depth-dependent detector response of detailed thimble air-filled ionization chambers by calculating spectral charged particle fluence correction factors at different depths in water. Those spectral correction factors will help to understand, how the detector response varies at different depths and what kind of influences disparate effects have on the spectral detector response.

Methods: The cema-approach can be used to obtain spectral charged particle fluence-based correction factors for various measurement conditions by substituting the commonly well-known dose conversion factor with a conversion factor based on the dosimetric quantity cema (“converted-energy per unit mass”). The resulting spectral fluence correction factors were calculated with the EGSnrc software toolkit and analyzed for two air-filled cylindrical ionization chambers (PTW type 31021 Semiflex 3D, SNC125c™) at different depths in a water phantom irradiated with a 6 MV linear accelerator x-ray spectrum. The ionization chamber models have been stepwise decomposed to investigate the perturbation caused by internal and external effects on the fluence distribution within the detector.

Results: Monte Carlo calculated fluence-based perturbation correction factors revealed that for all investigated detectors, considerable fluence disturbances occur, especially in the build-up region of depth-dose curves. Our results have shown that even slight variations in depth can have major consequences on the differential charged particle fluence within the ionization chamber, mainly due to internal cavity-specific effects. Furthermore, the results showed that in the case of relative dose measurements, the depth-depending detector response can significantly differ from unity in a range of 1.4%–2.8% depending on the ionization chamber design.

Conclusion: The complexity of different effects on the fluence disturbance could be broken down with regard to their influence on the spectral fluence distribution in the sensitive volume of the investigated detectors. It could be demonstrated, that the displacement of water is a depth-depending effect, which can not be compensated or corrected ideally for each investigated water depth by the shift of the effective point of measurement. Generally, the spectral analysis of those energy-dependent correction factors serves to a deeper understanding of the detector response under various conditions.
A novel hand-eye calibration method of picking robot based on TOF camera
Authors: Zhang Xiangsheng , Yao Meng , Cheng Qi , Liang Gunan , Fan Feng
Published: January 2023

Aiming at the stability of hand-eye calibration in fruit picking scene, a simple hand-eye calibration method for picking robot based on optimization combined with TOF (Time of Flight) camera is proposed. This method needs to fix the TOF depth camera at actual and calculated coordinates of the peach the end of the robot, operate the robot to take pictures of the calibration board from different poses, and record the current photographing poses to ensure that each group of pictures is clear and complete, so as to use the TOF depth camera to image the calibration board. Obtain multiple sets of calibration board depth maps and corresponding point cloud data, that is, “eye” data. Through the circle center extraction and positioning algorithm, the circle center points on each group of calibration plates are extracted, and a circle center sorting method based on the vector angle and the center of mass coordinates is designed to solve the circle center caused by factors such as mirror distortion, uneven illumination and different photographing poses. And through the tool center point of the actuator, the coordinate value of the circle center point on the four corners of each group of calibration plates in the robot end coordinate system is located in turn, and the “hand” data is obtained. Combined with the SVD method, And according to the obtained point residuals, the weight coefficients of the marker points are redistributed, and the hand-eye parameters are iteratively optimized, which improves the accuracy and stability of the hand-eye calibration. the method proposed in this paper has a better ability to locate the gross error under the environment of large gross errors. In order to verify the feasibility of the hand-eye calibration method, the indoor picking experiment was simulated, and the peaches were identified and positioned by combining deep learning and 3D vision to verify the proposed hand-eye calibration method. The JAKA six-axis robot and TuYang depth camera are used to build the experimental platform. The experimental results show that the method is simple to operate, has good stability, and the calibration plate is easy to manufacture and low in cost. work accuracy requirements.
Individual differences could explain the failure in transitive inference formation in pigeons using probabilistic reinforcement
Authors: Camarena Héctor Octavio , García-Leal Oscar , Saldaña-Hernández Zayra , Barrón Erick
Published: January 2023

In propositional logic, it is stated that “for if A is predicated for every B, and B for every C, A must necessarily be predicated of every C”. Following a similar logical process, it can be said that If A > B and B > C, then A > C, this is called transitive inference (TI). Piaget developed a verbal task to evaluate TI in children. Subsequent studies adapted this task for animals using a conditioned discrimination between five-terms sequence of stimuli A + B-, B + C-, C + D-, and D + E-. If subjects prefer B over D during test, it is assumed that TI has occurred. In this experiment, we analyzed the effects of task complexity on TI by using a five-terms sequence of stimuli associated with probabilistic outcomes during training, in pigeons. Thus, both stimuli are reinforced in each pair but with different probability, 0.8 for + stimulus and 0.2 for the—stimulus. We found that performance during C + D- pair is impaired and preference in the test pair BD is affected. However, this impairment is dependent on individual differences in performance in C + D- pair. We compare our findings with previous research and conclude that Pavlovian mechanisms, as well as ordering of stimuli, can account for our findings.
Sustainable leadership and wellbeing of healthcare personnel: A sequential mediation model of procedural knowledge and compassion
Authors: Abid Ghulam , Contreras Francoise , Rank Susanne , Ilyas Sehrish
Published: January 2023

Introduction

In healthcare organizations, saving patients’ lives while maintaining the staff’s wellbeing, performance and competencies were challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the complexity of healthcare settings is widely recognized, the pandemic evidenced the necessity of attending to the employees’ wellbeing in such a sector. This research aims to examine the effect of sustainable leadership on wellbeing of healthcare personnel. Furthermore, we also evaluate whether procedural knowledge and compassion act as mediators in such a relationship.

Methods

The hypothesized model was tested in healthcare organizations in a South Asian country, and the data were collected during the pandemic crisis. A total of 366 health personnel (physicians and nurses) participated in this research. With Hayes’ PROCESS macro, we examined all the direct and indirect paths, including sequential mediation.

Results

The findings confirm the impact of sustainable leadership on wellbeing and this relationship is also mediated by procedural knowledge and compassion.

Discussion/conclusion

Sustainable leadership fosters wellbeing among healthcare workers via the sequential mediation of procedural knowledge and compassion. Study findings suggest that sustainable leaders can trigger procedural knowledge among employees which in turn crafts the state of compassion in them that leads to their wellbeing. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in light of study findings.
Long-term trends in the incidence of depressive disorders in China, the United States, India and globally: A comparative study from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Wang Shuwen , Lu Tianhuan , Sun Jinyi , Huang Lihong , Li Ruiqing , Wang Tong , Yu Chuanhua
Published: January 2023

Background

Depressive disorders have become an increasingly significant public health issue. This study is intended to show the trend of the incidence of depressive disorders in China, the United States, India and the world from 1990 to 2019, as well as the impact of age, period and cohort on it.

Methods

Extracting incidence data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we determined trends in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) using Joinpoint regression. An age-period-cohort analysis was implemented to describe the effects of age, period, and cohort, as well as the long-term tendencies.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR of depressive disorders in China was lower than that in the United States; India is lower than the United States in the first 5 years, showing a downward trend. The incidence in India and the United States is higher than the global average. The ASIR of women in the three countries is higher than that of men. In China, the elderly, early period and people born around 1954 have a higher risk of depressive disorders. In the United States, young people born around 1999 have a higher risk of depressive disorders. India is similar to China.

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2019, the age effect of China as a whole increased, and the period became stable, and the cohort effect declined. The overall age and period effects of the United States reduced, while the cohort effect increased. The age effect in India increased, while the period and cohort effects decreased. Depressive disorders are becoming ever more serious worldwide, and we’d better take measures to reduce its incidence according to the cohort effect of each age group.
Media use degree and depression: A latent profile analysis from Chinese residents
Authors: Gong Fangmin , Yi Pei , Yu Lian , Fan Siyuan , Gao Guangze , Jin Yile , Zeng Leixiao , Li Yang , Ma Zheng Feei
Published: January 2023

Background

Previous studies have emphasized the media as an essential channel for understanding information about depression. However, they have not divided groups according to the degree of media use to study their differences in depression. Therefore, this study aims to explore the influence of media use on depression and the influencing factors of depression in people with different media use degrees.

Methods

Based on seven items related to media use, a total of 11, 031 respondents were categorized by the frequency of media use using latent profile analysis (LPA). Secondly, multiple linear regression analyzes were conducted to analyze the effects of depression in people with different degrees of media use. Finally, factors influencing depression among people with different degrees of media use were explored separately.

Results

All respondents were classified into three groups: media use low-frequency (9.7%), media use general (67.1%), and media use high-frequency (23.2%). Compared with media use general group, media use low-frequency (β = 0.019, p = 0.044) and media use high-frequency (β = 0.238, p < 0.001) groups are significantly associated with depression. The factors influencing depression in the population differed between media use low-frequency, media use general, and media use high-frequency groups.

Conclusion

The government and the appropriate departments should develop targeted strategies for improving the overall health status of people with different media use degrees.
The psychometric properties of the Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire-Revised in Hebrew
Authors: Sabag Tal , Zohar Ada H. , Kreiner Hamutal , Lev-Ari Lilac , Rabinowitz Dean
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire-Revised (VISQ-R) is a self-report questionnaire designed to measure characteristics of inner speech. In the current study, we adapted and validated a Hebrew version of VISQ-R. Our first hypothesis was that Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the Hebrew VISQ-R would confirm the five subscales replicating the factor structure of the original questionnaire. In addition, building on previous findings that inner speech is involved in tasks that require the executive functions we examined the relationship between VISQ-R and self-reported executive functions questionnaire (BRIEF-A). We hypothesized that correlations between subscales of the Hebrew VISQ-R would reveal covariance between BRIEF-A and some but not all inner speech subscales.

Methods

406 participants completed the Hebrew VISQ-R and 280 of them also completed the BRIEF-A.

Results

As hypothesized, CFA confirmed the factor structure revealing the same 5 subscales reported in the original English version, with acceptable internal reliability. Partial support was found for the hypothesized correlations between VISQ-R and BRIEF-A, with covariance of executive functions with some subscales of inner speech (Evaluative, Other-People and Dialogic), and distinct variance with others (Condensed and Positive).

Discussion

These results indicate that the Hebrew version of the VISQ-R has good psychometric properties and that it can be used in future research. The implications concerning the contribution of inner speech for people with difficulties in executive functions are discussed.
Using WeChat as an educational tool in MOOC-based flipped classroom: What can we learn from students’ learning experience?
Authors: Huang Lanzi , Wang Kai , Li Shihua , Guo Jianwen
Published: January 2023

Despite its importance, interaction remains limited in MOOC-based flipped classroom (MBFC) Grounded in social learning theory, we proposed an MBFC approach supported by social media to facilitate students’ interaction with peers and learning performance. A quasi-experiment was conducted to compare the MBFC approach (N = 58) based on WeChat with the conventional MBFC approach (N = 52). The results revealed that the use of WeChat in an MBFC approach led to better performance in terms of watching video lectures and completing online exercises before the class; however, it did not significantly enhance student learning performance compared to the conventional MBFC approach. In addition, the study found that students were moderately satisfied with the MBFC approach supported by WeChat. According to a WeChat interaction quantity and quality analysis, students’ non-substantive postings are much higher than students’ substantive postings in WeChat interaction groups, but students’ contributions to the postings have no significant effect on the final marks. Findings from this study could be of valuable reference for practitioners and researchers who plan to leverage social media tools such as WeChat to support student MOOC learning.
Suffering and happiness in Turkish folk poetry in the context of positive psychology: The examples of Asik Mahzuni Serif and Neset Ertas
Authors: Güven Ahmet Zeki , Arslan Gökmen
Published: January 2023

The widespread adoption of positive psychology at the beginning of the century has fortified the scholarly foundations of “happiness.” Thus, researchers have focused on “happiness” rather than “suffering” in boosting the joy of life within positive psychology, aiming for individuals to achieve peace with themselves and society. With the developments in positive psychology, over recent years, the idea of integrating both positive and negative aspects of human nature to build a better life for oneself and others has contributed to the rise of second-wave positive psychology (PP 2.0). The present study aimed to explore suffering and happiness in Turkish folk culture through a sample of poems by Asik Mahzuni Serif and Neset Ertas. The study results indicated that suffering-themed concepts were mentioned more than happiness-themed concepts. Within the theme of suffering, the world was the most frequently mentioned concept in Mahzuni’s works. He emphasizes in his works that the world is the source of many sufferings. In Ertas’s poems, moreover, love was found to be the most frequently mentioned suffering-themed concept. Ertas considers love to be the most significant source of suffering. It was also determined that while separation is the least used concept in the theme of suffering in Mahzuni’s verses, it is never mentioned in Ertas’s poems. Other concepts pointing to the theme of suffering are poverty, ignorance, longing, death, and slavery. We found that the theme of happiness is mentioned much less frequently than the theme of suffering. While the most used happiness-themed concept is misery/remedy, in Mahzuni’s words, love is cited in Ertas’s poems. Expressing the view that suffering can be an opportunity for people, Mahzuni emphasizes in his poems that people can grow by learning lessons from their suffering. Ertas, moreover, sees love as the most important source of happiness. The other concepts referencing happiness in the poems were friend, mother, soft answer, and spring. Overall, the results suggest that suffering is an important source of building resilience, which, in turn, can produce happiness. People can grow with the help of the experience of suffering so that this experience can contribute to their flourishing.
Risk factors for college students’ online lending between different genders-A cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Zhang Yan , Luo Lun , Li Pan , Xu Yun , Chen Zi
Published: January 2023

Background

Online lending on campus is given more attention by researchers as its prominent adverse effects on students. The deficiencies of the previous studies on its psychological factors and intervention strategies were only based on qualitative research. Moreover, there is no study on gender differences. Therefore, our study aims to analyze the gender differences in psychological risk factors and give some practical suggestions for the intervention by quantitative methods.

Method

This is a cross-sectional survey among medical college students in Chengdu. A total of 984 effective questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire includes demographic data, monthly expenses, self-evaluation for three central psychology causing online lending based on empiricism (conformity, comparison, and hedonism), and three psychological assessment instruments (the Chinese version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran, and 144-item version of Temperament and Character Inventory). T-test/χ2-test and Binary logistic regression were used to analyze the gender differences in variables and the risk factors of online lending for males and females, respectively.

Results

The utilization rate of online lending exhibited a significant gender difference (p < 0.001). In addition, there were gender differences in the scores on SWLS and some subscales of C-EMBU and TCI-144. The risk factors for males’ were family members using online lending (OR = 5.527, 95% CI = 1.784–17.125) and lower scores on HA (OR = 0.938, 95% CI = 0.888–0.990). The risk factors for females’ online lending were family members using online lending (OR = 2.288, 95% CI = 1.201–4.362), hedonism (OR = 5.913, 95% CI = 1.327–26.341), and higher scores on mother’s punishment (OR = 1.099, 95% CI = 1.007–1.199).

Conclusion

The utilization rate of online lending in males was significantly higher than in females. More attention should be paid to gender differences and the impact of family members’ using online lending on students when intervening in online lending.
The applicability and efficacy of Micro-Video Psychological Training Camp in groups with mild to moderate symptoms of depression and anxiety: A prospective and randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Zhao Wenqing , Chen Shuangyi , Hu Jun , Zhou Qing , Tao Jing , Gao Rui , Zhang Jie , Su Shanshan , Wang Yuan , Su Yousong , Peng Yihua , Wu Yanru , Fan Qing , Zhang Weibo , Jiang Wenhui , Cai Jun , Qiu Jianyin
Published: January 2023

Background

Mental health is a global issue requiring global attention. Depression and anxiety are two of the most common mental disorders (CMDs) and are characterized by high incidence and high comorbidity. In recent years, the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and exacerbated social instability have posed significant challenges to the mental resilience and mental health outcomes of the global population. Now more than ever, with an increase in mental health needs, it has become even more crucial to find an effective solution to provide universal mental healthcare. Psychotherapy is of vital importance for those coping with symptoms of depression and anxiety and is used to enhance mental resilience. However, such therapy can be difficult to access in reality. In this context, the Micro-Video Psychological Training Camp (MVPTC) platform will be developed.

Objectives

As an online self-help platform for psychological intervention, the MVPTC platform was developed for those who suffer from mild to moderate symptoms of depression and/or anxiety and is tasked with the goal of reducing depressive and anxious symptoms while improving mental resilience. Thus, this study will be carried out to verify its efficacy and applicability.

Methods

In this parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, a total of 200 mild to moderately depressed and/or anxious adults seeking self-help will be randomly recruited and assigned to either the micro-video psychological intervention group or the wait list control group. Online measurements by self-assessment will be taken at baseline, post-intervention, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up.

Results

The primary results will involve symptoms of depression and anxiety. The secondary results will involve mental resilience. An analysis will be conducted based on the intention-to-treat principle.

Discussion

This trial will examine whether the MVPTC platform for the relief of symptoms and the enhancement of resilience in a population screened for depression and anxiety symptoms proves effective and applicable. Large-scale resilience enhancement may benefit public mental health in terms of preventive interventions, managing depressive and anxiety symptoms, and promoting mental health. With the MVPTC-based method being applied, a brief, efficient, and structured intervention model can potentially be established, having the potential to provide necessary and accessible mental support for an extensive target group.

Clinical trial registration

http://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2100043725.
Pharmaceutical enterprises drug quality strategy Moran analysis considering government supervision and new media participation
Authors: Xu Yanping , Zhu Lilong
Published: January 2023

The improvement of drug quality requires not only the supervision of government, but also the participation of new media. Therefore, this paper considers the impact of government regulation and new media reports on pharmaceutical enterprises, constructs a Moran Process evolutionary game model, and analyzes the evolution trajectory of pharmaceutical enterprises' choice of drug quality improvement strategy and drug cost reduction strategy. We obtain the conditions for the two strategies to achieve evolutionary stability under the dominance of external factors and the dominance of expected returns. To verify the theoretical results, we conduct a numerical simulation by the software MATLAB 2021b. The results show that, first of all, when the government penalty is high, the drug quality improvement strategy tends to become an evolutionary stable solution, increasing the penalty amount will help promote the improvement of drug quality. What's more, when the government penalty is low and the new media influence is low, the drug cost reduction strategy is easier to dominate. The higher the new media influence, the higher the probability that pharmaceutical enterprises choose the drug quality improvement strategy. Thirdly, when the number of pharmaceutical enterprises is lower than a threshold, the drug quality improvement strategy is easier to dominate. Finally, the drug quality improvement strategy is dominant when the quality cost factor is low and the government penalty is high, the drug cost reduction strategy is dominant when the quality cost factor is high and the government penalty is low. Above all, this paper provides countermeasures and suggestions for the drug quality improvement of pharmaceutical enterprises in practice.
Biomechanical homeostasis in ocular diseases: A mini-review
Authors: Cheng Ying , Ren Tianmin , Wang Ningli
Published: January 2023

Diabetes mellitus-induced hyperglycemia is responsible for multiple pathological ocular alternations from vasculopathy to biomechanical dyshomeostasis. Biomechanical homeostasis is crucial to maintain the normal physiological condition of the eyes. Biomechanical features vary in eye tissues regarding different anatomical positions, tissue components, and cellular functions. The disturbance in biomechanical homeostasis may result in different ocular diseases. In this review, we provide a preliminary sketch of the latest evidence on the mechano-environment of the eyeball and its possible influencing factors, thereby underscoring the relationship between the dyshomeostasis of ocular biomechanics and common eye diseases (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, keratoconus, glaucoma, spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome, retinal vein occlusion and myopia, etc.). Together with the reported evidence, we further discuss and postulate the potential role of biomechanical homeostasis in ophthalmic pathology. Some latest strategies to investigate the biomechanical properties in ocular diseases help unveil the pathological changes at multiple scales, offering references for making new diagnostic and treatment strategies targeting mechanobiology.
The role of recent refugees' educational selectivity in their children's educational decisions in Germany
Authors: Welker Jörg , Will Gisela
Published: January 2023

This paper uses the example of newly arrived refugees to examine the role of recent migrants' educational selectivity in their children's educational decisions in Germany. Building on a theoretical model that understands participation in the educational system as the sum of investment decisions of rational individuals, we assume that positively selected parents are more ambitious about having their children admitted to higher-level secondary schools. The role of parental educational selectivity should be particularly pronounced in federal states in which school administrations allow for greater parental involvement. We use data from the first and second face-to-face interviews of the Refugees in the German Educational System (ReGES) project, with an analytical sample of 1,437 adolescents who came to Germany from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Iran between 2014 and 2017. To generate a household-level index of educational selectivity, we furthermore rely on various country-of-origin-specific data that we aggregate as reference educational distributions. We run linear probability regression models to analyze the role of parents' educational selectivity in adolescents' school placement. Our findings suggest that parental educational selectivity is beneficial beyond parents' absolute educational levels for adolescents' higher-level school placement. Among the five German federal states represented in our analytical sample, the role of parental selectivity is particularly pronounced in two federal states in which parents are provided with greater possibilities to become involved in their children's educational decisions.
The link between reported cases of COVID-19 and the Infodemic Risk Index: A worldwide perspective
Authors: Pilati Federico , Gallotti Riccardo , Sacco Pier Luigi
Published: January 2023

In this brief report we followed the evolution of the COVID-19 Infodemic Risk Index during 2020 and clarified its connection with the epidemic waves, focusing specifically on their co-evolution in Europe, South America, and South-eastern Asia. Using 640 million tweets collected by the Infodemic Observatory and the open access dataset published by Our World in Data regarding COVID-19 worldwide reported cases, we analyze the COVID-19 infodemic vs. pandemic co-evolution from January 2020 to December 2020. We find that a characteristic pattern emerges at the global scale: a decrease in misinformation on Twitter as the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases increases. Similar local variations highlight how this pattern could be influenced both by the strong content moderation policy enforced by Twitter after the first pandemic wave and by the phenomenon of selective exposure that drives users to pick the most visible and reliable news sources available.
Case report and literature review: Giant retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma
Authors: Su Tieshan , Li Chaoyuan , Song Bin , Song Defeng , Feng Ye
Published: January 2023

Background

Cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor of the lymphatic system, which is most commonly observed in the neck, head and armpit.Less than 5% of lymphangiomas occur in the abdominal cavity and even less in the retroperitoneum.

Case description

A 65-year-old male patient was diagnosed with an “abdominal mass that had persisted for 1 year, accompanied by abdominal pain, abdominal distension and dyspnea for 7 days”. After abdominal computerd tomography, a giant multilobed abdominal lymphangioma was suspected, which squeezed the intestinal canal and was closely related to the inferior vena cava. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy, during which, it was found that the tumor formed extensive adhesions to the transverse colon, small intestine and pelvic wall, and enveloped the abdominal aorta, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery and inferior vena cava to varying degrees. It was diffcult to remove the cyst completely. Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma. The patient recovered well after the operation, was eating normally by 5 days postoperatively,and was discharged 10 days postoperatively.The patient was followed up 1 month after postoperatively and no evidence of recurrence was observed.

Conclusion

In this case, we report a patient with giant retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma who underwent exploratory laparotomy combined with preoperative abdominal computerd tomography and acute abdominal pain, abdominal distension and dyspnea. Because of the large volume of the tumor and its close relationship with the superior mesenteric artery and other blood vessels, the surgeon used scissors to separate the tumor sharply and removed the whole tumor completely.
Breed-typical front limb angular deformity is associated with clinical findings in three chondrodysplastic dog breeds
Authors: Lappalainen Anu K. , Pulkkinen Hanna S. M. , Mölsä Sari , Junnila Jouni , Hyytiäinen Heli K. , Laitinen-Vapaavuori Outi
Published: January 2023

Angular front limb deformity (ALD) refers to an excessively curved limb conformation, which is seen in some chondrodysplastic dog breeds. Common characteristics of ALD include carpal valgus (VALG), front limb rotation (ROT), elbow incongruity, and lateral radial head subluxation. These may cause lameness and discomfort in affected dogs. The clinical impact and breed-specific characteristics of front limb conformation in chondrodysplastic breeds are unknown. This prospective and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate differences in front limb conformation between three chondrodysplastic breeds. We further evaluate whether front limb conformation is associated with clinical findings and limb function. We propose novel methods to classify findings in the interosseous space and to quantify lateral radial head subluxation. Data from a total of 224 front limbs from 112 dogs of three chondrodysplastic dog breeds (30 Standard Dachshunds, 29 Skye terriers, and 53 Glen of Imaal terriers) were included in the study. Front limb VALG and ROT were measured with a goniometer. From the radiographs, the elbow joint was graded for incongruity (INC), and the humeroradial angle (HRA) was measured to assess lateral radial subluxation. The association of front limb conformation with clinical signs and limb function was investigated using orthopedic examination, goniometric and kinetic measurements, and radiography. The breeds differed significantly in their front limb conformation. The Dachshund had the least ROT and the least radial head subluxation. The Skye terrier had the most VALG, the most radial head subluxation, and the largest prevalence of moderate and severe INC. The Glen of Imaal terrier had the most ROT. In addition, INC, ROT, VALG, and HRA were found to be independent of each other and were associated with several measurable clinical abnormalities and limb function such as pain, lameness, limited range of motion, and elbow joint osteoarthritis. This implies that VALG, ROT, and HRA could be used in addition to INC grading when choosing musculoskeletal characteristics of dogs suitable for breeding.
Marsupialisation of 12 odontogenic cysts in Boxer dogs: Retrospective case series
Authors: Haseler James , Tundo Ingrid , Southerden Pete
Published: January 2023

Marsupialisation of odontogenic cysts is a minimally invasive treatment method used in human dentistry. Marsupialisation decompresses the cyst and promotes remodeling of alveolar bone and shrinkage of the cyst. In this retrospective study we look at the effectiveness of marsupialisation at reducing the size of odontogenic cysts in dogs. The case series consists of six Boxer dogs with 12 odontogenic cysts. Each case underwent a high resolution CT scan prior to treatment and at follow-up. Each CT scan was reviewed, the volume of each cyst calculated using manual segmentation and the reduction in cyst volume calculated. There was a marked reduction in cystic volume of 66.6% over a mean of 138 days. This shows that the use of marsupialisation effective method of reducing cyst volume.
Periodontal structures in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: A histological evaluation
Authors: Zapf Anne Maria , Fey Kerstin , Büttner Kathrin , Gröf Manuela , Staszyk Carsten
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and dental disorders are of major concern in horses older than 15 years. Although PPID in geriatric horses and dental disorders in all age groups are well described, a connection between this endocrine disease and pathological changes in equine dental structures has not yet been investigated. In humans, periodontitis is considered to be a complication of systemic diseases like diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity and various conditions leading to an impaired immune response. In PPID, cross links to insulin and immune dysregulations are proven. The aim of this study was to compare histological findings of the gingiva and the sub gingival periodontal ligament of PPID affected horses with control horses.

Methods

In a case-control morphometric descriptive study, 145 dental locations of 10 PPID affected horses (27.3 ± 2.06 years) were compared with 147 dental locations of 10 controls (21.4 ± 4.12 years). Histological parameters were leukocyte infiltration, keratinization of gingival epithelium, blood vessel supply of the periodontium and structure of cementum.

Results

The distribution and localization of gingival leukocyte infiltrations (LI) in PPID affected horses was more often multifocal to coalescing (p = 0.002) and reached into deeper parts of the periodontium, sometimes down to the sub gingival periodontal ligament (PDL). Aged animals of both groups showed higher prevalence (PPID: OR 1.66; controls: OR 1.15) for severe leukocyte infiltration in the PDL. PPID was not significantly associated with increased LI. The cementum bordering the soft tissue in interdental locations showed four times more irregularities in PPID affected horses than in controls which predisposes for interdental food impaction and periodontal diseases.

Discussion

In summary, multifocal to coalescing leukocytes and irregular cementum are seen more often in PPID than in controls - however our findings mainly reflect an association of older age with periodontal disease.
Application of Model-Free Control to the Operation of Post-Capture Combined Spacecraft
Authors: Song Ting , Zheng Zixuan , Guo Yufei , Yuan Jianping
Published: January 2023

A model-free control method is applied to the attitude and orbital operation of the post-capture combined spacecraft, which consists of a space robot and debris. The main contribution of this paper lies in the following three aspects. Firstly, the discrete dynamic linearization method of the motion equation for a post-capture combined spacecraft is proposed, and then, the standardized expression form of multiple input and multiple output system for the attitude and orbital dynamics motions of post-capture combined spacecraft are presented. Secondly, the data mapping model of the post-capture combined spacecraft is defined, and based on this, an initial value online optimization method for the data mapping model is provided, which is key for the convergence of model-free control. Finally, a test system based on the ground-based three-axis spacecraft simulator is built to simulate the attitude and orbital operation of post-capture combined spacecraft, and the experimental system is implemented to verify the validation of the model-free control method proposed in this paper. The results show that the model-free control has a good control effect on the attitude and orbit of the post-capture combined spacecraft, even if the configuration of the spacecraft is time-varying.