bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOCIEDADE ALGORITIFICADA: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A ESPIONAGEM NA CIBERGUERRA ENTRE A RÚSSIA E UCRÂNIA
Authors: da Silva Toio Stefan
Published: December 2024

Este artigo aborda uma análise crítica da sociedade digital acerca da espionagem
na ciberguerra entre Rússia e Ucrânia. Tendo como objetivo entender a possibilidade do
sujeito se tornar um alvo perante seu comportamento digital quanto às escolhas de seu
passado e presente no campo virtual. Onde, em meio a vigilância digital é visto como um
composto numérico e lógico, sem ser levado em conta o fator humano nas tomadas de
decisões. Visto que essa pesquisa é baseada através de uma metodologia bibliográfica da
qual é realizada uma análise da sociedade contemporâneo totalmente imersivo ao mundo
virtual, em conjunto de análise e estudo de caso na guerra estruturado em duas situações:
ataque aéreo no teatro de Mariupol e o míssil lançado em um prédio residencial em Kiev.
Comparando a análise bibliográfica, estudo sobre ciberguerra e mísseis lançados na Ucrânia.
Assim, acaba relacionando que há uma ligação em ambos os fatos, com estruturas
discursivas embasadas em cima de suas hipóteses sem elenca-los diretamente, mas
relacioná-los sobre resultados e conjunturas considerativas finais, seguindo um pressuposto
linear de pesquisa. Essa análise crítica compreende que a sociedade se encontra em perigo
através seu próprio comportamento virtual, onde acaba se tornando um alvo móvel sem
perceber, pois se tornou totalmente imersivo ao mundo digital, sua integração total à
cibernética lhe deixa vulnerável e exposto mediante a uma espionagem e vigilância digital,
onde tem como sua privacidade violada e suas informações sendo utilizadas à própria
pessoa, fazendo a sociedade setransformar na inimiga de si mesma.
A TECNOLOGIA ASSISTIVA NA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL E INCLUSIVA
Authors: Pires Lopes Vieira Paula Regina
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo fala sobre a utilização da tecnologia assistiva por alunos com
deficiência como forma de melhorar a sua comunicação, seu aprendizado e sua interação no
contexto social. O artigo tem como objetivo geral tratar sobre a utilização da tecnologia
assistiva com alunos com deficiência. Em seus objetivos específicos, encontram-se falar sobre
a inclusão digital; conceituar tecnologia assistiva; definir deficiência. Neste artigo, verifica-se
também a importância do tema proposto a partir do que a tecnologia assistiva pode representar
para os autistas uma vez que através dela e com os instrumentos e meios tecnológicos à
disposição é possível suprir suas necessidades e demandas tanto pessoais quanto sociais,
além de promover a sua interação que traz resultados positivos para sua formação pessoal
destacando suas potencialidades, contribuindo para o aprimoramento comunicativo e sua
participação da vida em sociedade.
GUERRA FRIA NO BRASIL DE 1964: A construção do poder moderador tácito e anticomunista das Forças Armadas
Authors: Martinez Bender Juan
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo visa a proposição de reflexões acerca do papel exercido pelas
Forças Armadas brasileiras perante o contexto político, ideológico e econômico da Guerra
Fria. Como norteadores da análise, serão apresentados elementos que semearam a ideologia
anticomunista no seio da doutrina militar, a partir do influxo de países como China, Cuba e
União Soviética; bem como as diferentes interpretações que validaram o emprego moderador
das Forças Armadas, não apenas no imaginário popular, mas no âmbito da historiografia.
Microaprendizaje y Nanoaprendizaje Estrategias para la Educación en la Era de La Información
Authors: Cuenca Zambrano Mery Mercedes , Fernández Cando Diego Alejandro , Guevara Andino Julio Hostmaro , Narváez Narváez Luisa Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

En la era de la información, la educación ha evolucionado significativamente para adaptarse a los estilos de vida acelerados y a las crecientes demandas de conocimientos y habilidades. Entre los enfoques innovadores que han surgido, el microaprendizaje y el nanoaprendizaje destacan por su capacidad de ofrecer contenidos educativos en pequeñas unidades manejables. Estos métodos no solo se alinean con la naturaleza fragmentada de la atención moderna, sino que también proporcionan flexibilidad y accesibilidad sin precedentes.
Toward synthesis of thioglycosyl-phosphonate analogues of lipid ll
Authors: Kelemen Viktor , Csiszár Milán , Borbás Anikó
Published: December 2024

Although a multitude of epidemics have already been eradicated with the use of modern antibiotics, in the 20th century, a new and increasingly serious phenomenon has arisen - the resistance against antibiotic therapies, necessiting the need for the development of novel antibiotic compounds. Transglycosylases are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall, and currently there is no approved drug in human use against them, so they are an excellent target for further antibiotic development. During our research, the main goal was to synthesize compounds that are structurally similar to lipid ll, the substrate of bacterial transglycosylases, however, with significant modifications, such as the incorporation of an α-thioglycosidic unit instead of the α-O-glycosidic bond and an alkylphosphonate unit instead of the pyrophosphate part, making the molecules suitable to act as enzyme inhibitors. The key step of our work is the stereoselective construction of the 1,2-cis-α-thioglycosidic bond by photoinitiated thiol ene coupling reaction. ln this paper, the novel synthesis route is described which can be applied to furnish different lipid ll analogues, on example synthesis of a D-glucose derivative.
Virtuosity in the wings
Authors: Bork-Petersen Franziska
Published: December 2024

The article analyses artistic practices and institutional patterns that concern the collaborative creation, maintenance and transformation of dancing bodies at Royal Danish Ballet. Classical ballet conventionally relies on the myth of the solitary artistic genius who gives herself to the artform with extraordinary devotion and discipline. Yet, a series of interviews that I conducted with employees at the Royal Danish Ballet, highlight the outstanding individual on-stage performances as heavily reliant on the backstage expertise, care and commitment of many; the principal dancer’s body as collectively produced.
Hvor dramaturgien og koreografien mødes
Authors: Larsen Ida-Elisabeth , Schnor Jonas
Published: December 2024

Interview med Ida-Elisabeth Larsen
An/archiving con/temporary dance/ing bodies
Authors: Panourgia Marianna
Published: December 2024

How is dance history written on bodies in classrooms in the 21st century? This paper derives from four years of ethnochoreological research in contemporary dance education within Higher Private Professional Dance Schools in Athens, Greece. Elaborating on the necessity of multimodal ways of capturing the process of corporeal transmission.
#ThanksForTyping … and the fieldwork
Authors: Edwards Rosalind , Gillies Val
Published: December 2024

This article explores the role of social researchers’ wives in post-war British studies, in particular drawing on the diaries kept by the wives of two noted sociologists while their husbands, Peter Willmott and Dennis Marsden, were respectively undertaking studies in the working class communities of Bethnal Green and Salford. The wives – Phyllis Willmott and Pat Marsden, made contributions to the community studies in the mid 1950s/early 1960s, at the point where British sociology and social research was on the cusp of transition towards formalisation and professionalisation. The wives were co-opted into the academic endeavour. Their practices as part of their family lives became professionalised as they undertook knowledge gathering, bridging between community and scholarship for their husbands, and reflecting on their own practice. The paper enables contemporary social researchers to recognise the part played by the wives of major sociological figures in the establishment of the men’s reputations and the disciplinary enterprise of sociology.
Entre vulnérabilité et résilience
Authors: Roșianu Kevin , Bancel Nicolas
Published: December 2024

L’étude explore les négociations des masculinités dans le contexte des migrations sportives intra-africaines. Des observations participantes dans 5 salles de mixed martial arts (MMA) à Johannesburg et à Pretoria, ainsi que 39 entretiens avec 23 combattants professionnels originaires de la République Démocratique du Congo et engagés avec l’Extreme Fighting Championship — l’organisation responsable des combats professionnels de MMA sur le continent — révèlent comment les masculinités des migrants sportifs sont reconfigurées par la migration. Tout d’abord, l’analyse met en évidence le contexte de vulnérabilité dans lequel évoluent les combattants migrants ; puis, de quelle manière la résilience, le dévouement et l’ascétisme constituent des éléments centraux de la reconfiguration de leur masculinité, auxquels s’articule le discours pentecôtiste. Pour finir, nous démontrons comment les logiques de précarité et de déqualification professionnelle imposent la reconfiguration de leur masculinité par une utilisation stratégique du corps, outil central dans leur positionnement au sein de la société sud-africaine. Ce travail s’attache à mettre en lumière la diversité de l’expérience migratoire masculine, tout en contribuant à étoffer le champ des études sur les migrations sportives.
Corps déplacés
Authors: Archambault Julie Soleil
Published: December 2024

La popularité croissante du fitness dans les zones urbaines du Mozambique, une activité que beaucoup pratiquent à l’extérieur, met en relief certains des défis auxquels les femmes sont confrontées au quotidien, particulièrement en ce qui a trait aux efforts concurrents pour contrôler leurs mouvements et leur visibilité dans l’espace public. Dans cet article, je me penche sur la circulation, sur les médias sociaux, d’une série de photos illustrant les activités d’un groupe d’entraînement communautaire, soulignant les répercussions inattendues et transformatrices de cet événement sur les membres du groupe. Situant l’épisode au sein des dynamiques locales de genre et de manière plus large, en relation aux politiques de visibilité et d’invisibilité, je réfléchis sur le rôle des images dans la formation d’un public afin de qualifier le potentiel du sport comme moteur de changement social. L’article est basé sur des recherches ethnographiques menées dans la ville d’Inhambane, dans le sud du Mozambique, sur une période de cinq ans.
Consentement et refus de l’électroconvulsivothérapie au Québec, partie 1
Authors: Ferron Parayre Audrey , Bernheim Emmanuelle , Gauthier-Boiteau Delphine
Published: December 2024

L’électroconvulsivothérapie (ECT) a un statut particulier dans l’imaginaire social. Longtemps associé à la période asilaire, ce traitement n’a pas été abandonné par la pratique médicale, son utilisation s’étant même accrue au cours des dix dernières années. Pourtant, le caractère controversé de ce traitement demeure. On reproche notamment à l’ECT un manque de fondement scientifique, une incertitude quant aux risques et effets secondaires à moyen et long terme, de même qu’une utilisation beaucoup plus importante chez les femmes âgées. Dans ce contexte, en quelles circonstances et de quelles manières est-il justifié de soumettre une personne à ce soin? Le présent texte porte sur le processus de consentement éclairé à l’ECT pour les personnes majeures et aptes, et aborde plus spécifiquement le contenu du devoir d’information des médecins. Nous proposons une analyse critique des pratiques ayant cours dans le contexte particulier de l’ECT au Québec. D’abord, les éléments scientifiques quant à la nature, aux bénéfices et aux risques de l’ECT seront discutés afin de rendre compte des controverses et des nombreuses incertitudes qui persistent concernant son usage. Les pratiques québécoises en matière de consentement à l’ECT seront par la suite décrites et analysées à la lumière des incertitudes scientifiques précédemment exposées, et en tenant compte du cadre normatif qui impose des balises en matière de devoir d’information et d’obtention du consentement par les médecins. Finalement, des propositions seront faites dans le but d’améliorer le processus de consentement éclairé à l’ECT au Québec, afin que les droits des patient.e.s concerné.e.s soient mieux respectés.
Consentement et refus de l’électroconvulsivothérapie au Québec, partie 2
Authors: Bernheim Emmanuelle , Ferron Parayre Audrey , Gauthier-Boiteau Delphine
Published: December 2024

Alors que l’usage de l’électroconvulsivothérapie (ECT) est en augmentation au Québec, son efficacité et son innocuité sont loin de faire l’unanimité. Les recherches internationales ont mis en lumière le fait que les personnes ayant reçu des séances d’ECT rapportent avoir eu peu d’information sur la procédure et notamment sur les risques qui y sont associés. Selon les études, l’ECT est imposée contre le consentement du ou de la patient.e dans une proportion qui varie entre le tiers et la moitié des cas. Aucune donnée concernant le processus de consentement à l’ECT et le refus de ce traitement n’est disponible au Québec.

Cet article présente les résultats d’une analyse de la jurisprudence en matière d’autorisation de soins concernant l’ECT. Tous les jugements rendus entre 1997 et 2023 disponibles dans les bases de données (N=99) ont été collectés et systématiquement analysés sous quatre aspects : 1) l’analyse du tribunal sur sa compétence; 2) l’analyse du tribunal sur les risques et bénéfices relatifs à l’ECT, notamment quant aux effets secondaires et aux connaissances scientifiques; 3) le degré de précision des ordonnances concernant l’ECT; et 4) la discrétion laissée à la partie demanderesse dans l’exécution des ordonnances.

Les résultats de notre recherche démontrent que les décisions judiciaires sont prises en l’absence de tout fondement scientifique, après une analyse juridique le plus souvent sommaire, et laissent une grande marge de manoeuvre aux parties demanderesses, ce qui soulève plusieurs interrogations quant aux possibilités pour certains groupes sociaux de refuser des soins psychiatriques.
Correlation and mediation analysis between plasmapheresis donation behavior and bone mineral density and bone metabolism biomarkers: a cross-sectional study based on plasmapheresis donors at high risk of osteoporosis in China
Authors: Li Wan , Liu Jia , Li Changqing , Yang Hui , Yang Yating , Li Zhiwei , Yang Shouqiang , He Yuan , Xiao Guanglin , Wang Ya , Chen Yongjun
Published: December 2024

Background

As a group of more than 3.67 million people, the bone health of Chinese plasmapheresis donors, which the main population is also a risk group of osteoporosis (OP), has raised concerns. Therefore, this article investigates the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism indicators, and plasmapheresis donation behavior among some high-risk plasmapheresis donors for OP in China, and further explores the mediating factors through reasonable statistical methods.

Methods

Recruiting long-term and highly active plasmapheresis donors and new donors to measure the total calcium, albumin (ALB), 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), type I procollagen amino-terminal peptide (P1NP), and type I collagen carboxy-terminal peptide (β-CTX) and serum ferritin (SF). Then, multiple linear regression was used to adjust confounding factors. Using restrictive cubic splines to explore the nonlinear relationship. Using the Bootstrap method, investigate whether SF has a mediating effect between plasmapheresis donation behavior and bone metabolism biomakers. Finally, analyze the differences in BMD between the two.

Results

Compared to new donors, repeat donors have a lower 25OHD, β-CTX and SF levels, while P1NP and PTH levels are high, with statistical differences. The Bootstrap analysis results show that SF level is a partial mediating factor between plasmapheresis donation behavior and bone metabolism biomakers, with a mediating effect ratio of 21.8%. There was no significant difference in the BMD between the two.

Conclusion

Long-term and frequently plasmapheresis donation does not affect the bone mass of even elderly donors at high risk for osteoporosis under the existing collection standards and anticoagulant use in China. However, as a self-regulation way, it does increase the osteogenic activity of the body.
Prediction of capillary absorption and compressive strength, applying multiple linear regression and artificial neural networks in concrete with natural pozzolana addition
Authors: Torre Carrillo Ana Victoria , Espinoza Haro Pedro , Ramirez Curi Sorin Gudberto , Moromi Nakata Isabel , Shuan Lucas Luisa Esther , Ramos Jesús Aldair Matías
Published: December 2024

Cement is the fundamental binder of concrete, and its manufacture has a significant impact on the environment; therefore, it is necessary to look for eco-sustainable alternatives, including additions such as natural pozzolana, which affect the internal matrix of concrete and therefore the compressive strength and capillary absorption of concrete. In this context, prediction models for capillary absorption and compressive strength of concrete with pozzolana additions have been determined by applying linear multiple regression tools and artificial neural networks which will help reduce laboratory testing costs and times. For this purpose, 16 types of mixtures were designed with w/c ratios of 0.40, 0.45, 0.50 and 0. 55 and addition of 10, 15 and 20% of pozzolana; 160 cylindrical samples were manufactured and tested in laboratory, the values of capillary absorption and compressive strength at 28 and 56 days of curing were determined; the effect of each variable on the results obtained indicated that 15% pozzolana significantly improved the properties studied; using the data of the manufacturing variables of each design and the results of capillary absorption and compressive strength, prediction models were obtained for both properties; the best back propagation neural networks (BPNN) structure is [10,20,10,1], with R2compression=0. 9486 and R2capillary absorption=0.9756; while the models obtained with multiple linear regression obtained R2compression = 0.9391 and R2capillary absorption = 0.8693; both techniques showed a high reliability for the prediction of compressive strength and capillary absorption.
Io, comunità, libertà. In dialogo con Edith Stein.
Authors: Pezzella Anna María
Published: December 2024

La contribución examina la cuestión de la comunidad dentro del pensamiento de E. Stein. Se aborda la relación entre el individuo y la comunidad y el papel de la libertad personal en esta relación.  Se subrayan también las diferencias y las analogías entre la persona y la comunidad y la importancia que ésta ha tenido en la reflexión y en las opciones existenciales de la fenomenóloga.
Um estudo sobre causalidade psíquica e motivação em Edith Stein como compreensão da liberdade humana na busca do sentido da vida
Authors: Oliveira Mendes Lucas
Published: December 2024

El presente estudio analiza trabajos de Edith Stein, centrándose en la relación entre los conceptos “causalidad psíquica” y “motivación” en el proceso libre de búsqueda y realización del sentido de la vida. Describe cómo los estados psíquicos vitales se manifiestan en la conciencia y se dividen en dos niveles: emociones y sentimientos vitales. Estos estados funcionan como un continuum, influenciado por la fuerza vital, el vínculo entre experiencias. Las causalidades, aunque no absolutas, son probables y pueden motivar tanto la restauración como el vaciamiento de la fuerza vital, impactando la experiencia subjetiva del individuo que siempre está dotado de libertad. La conciencia, al capturar y distinguir sus experiencias, mejora la capacidad de reconocer formas de buscar y dar sentido a la vida. Por lo tanto, se hizo una integración con los trabajos de Viktor Frankl desde la perspectiva de la Logoterapia. Así, el vacío existencial muchas veces se atribuye a la desconexión con las experiencias y a la falta de captación de las motivaciones que revitalizan la fuerza vital, lo que puede resultar en estados patológicos, como la depresión, que oscurecen la percepción del significado existencial. El presente estudio demuestra que cuando la conciencia capta y distingue sus experiencias, hace al individuo más capaz de reconocer en sí mismo y en el mundo formas de buscar y encontrar sentido a la vida.
#MariellePresente
Authors: Fernandes Felipe Bruno Martins
Published: December 2024

I will address the (painful) political and sociocultural context surrounding Marielle Franco’s murder in Brazil, in 2018. Marielle Franco was a Black, lesbian, feminist, activist, mother, partner, politician, and sociologist whose work focused on police violence and militarization. Her assassination constituted both a collective loss and a drastic turning point for those engaged in social struggles and the fight for justice for marginalised populations in Brazil. The attack against Marielle Franco — considered a powerful social symbol — and by extension a direct attack against leftist ways of thinking and the social achievements of Black, feminist, and queer movements in Brazil, can be perceived by some as a lost battle in the fight for equality in Brazil. In the middle of the historical violence that characterizes Brazil, which includes high rates of hate crimes and police brutality that comprises even murders (particularly against Black people), Marielle’s assassination became a sheer message for various social movements to realize what has socially been lost and the high stakes that Brazil faces regarding social equality today. I use Marielle Franco’s murder as an analytical site to disentangle Brazil’s evolving political and sociocultural context. This includes the various stances and social policies developed around gender, race, and sexuality (and their connection to left-wing and right-wing political fields) before the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff (Worker’s Party) and during the “coup d’etat” that led Michel Temer to power and the election of right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro. I also analyze how Franco’s political life and death (i.e. who did order her assassination?) have encouraged the development of transnational solidarity movements, specifically in Montreal.
Pandemia, redes sociais e experiência religiosa na Bahia
Authors: Ramos Cleidiana , Tavares Fátima
Published: December 2024

O artigo aborda o incremento do uso de tecnologias da comunicação e informação por grupos religiosos durante o início da pandemia de coronavírus em 2020 na Bahia. O argumento central é que as experiências religiosas mediadas pelas mídias digitais expandiram a percepção da autenticidade da experiência religiosa iniciada na pandemia, com desdobramentos para além dela.
Fiber Volume Fraction Influence on Randomly Distributed Short Fiber Tungsten Fiber‐Reinforced Tungsten Composites
Authors: Mao Yiran , Coenen Jan W. , Riesch Johann , Sistla Sree , Almanstötter Jürgen , Terra Alexis , Chen Chang , Wu Yucheng , Raumann Leonard , Höschen Till , Gietl Hanns , Neu Rudolf , Broeckmann Christoph , Linsmeier Christian
Published: March 2020

For future fusion reactors, tungsten (W) is currently the main candidate for the application as plasma‐facing material due to its several advanced properties. To overcome the brittleness of W, randomly distributed short W fiber‐reinforced W (Wf/W) composites have been developed using field‐assisted sintering technology (FAST). Herein, Wf/W materials with different fiber volume fraction (20–60%) are manufactured by FAST process to study the fiber volume fraction influence on the composite properties. Wf/W with ductile fibers and brittle fibers is produced using different tool setups during the production. Three‐point bending tests on prenotched samples, 4‐point bending tests, and tensile tests have been performed to determine the fracture behavior and flexural/tensile strength of the material. Wf/W materials with 30–40% fiber volume fraction exhibit a promising pseudoductile behavior, similar to fiber‐reinforced ceramic composites. However, Wf/W with 20% and >50% fiber volume fraction shows only a limited extrinsic toughening effect. In terms of flexural strength, with increasing fiber volume fraction, the tensile/flexural strength does not show a clear increasing tendency, or even lightly decreases.
Solution‐Processed and Transparent Graphene Oxide/TiOx Gas Barrier via an Interfacial Photocatalytic Reduction
Authors: Byeon Jinhwan , Lee Jong‐Hoon , Kim Geunjin , Back Hyungcheol , Park Byoungwook , Kim Jehan , Lee Kwanghee
Published: March 2020

A cost‐effective, flexible, and transparent gas barrier has been a main pursuit of research into plastics electronics. However, it is difficult to realize a high‐performance gas barrier on a plastic substrate via a solution process at low temperature. Here, by introducing an interfacial photocatalytic reduction between TiOx and graphene oxide (GO) films, a solution‐processed and transparent gas barrier film is demonstrated using reduced GO (rGO)/TiOx. A dramatic photochemical reduction of GO occurs at the interface between TiOx and the GO film under ultraviolet irradiation, which allows the fabrication of dense and uniform gas barrier films via a solution process at temperatures below 100 °C. In addition, the closely packed structure in the rGO film results in a decreased water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 0.37 g m−2 day−1 even with a thin rGO (<13 nm)/TiOx (7 nm) film, leading to a high transmittance of over 80% in the visible range.
Acrylonitrile‐Mediated Nascent RNA Sequencing for Transcriptome‐Wide Profiling of Cellular RNA Dynamics
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Wu Fan , Chen Zonggui , He Zhiyong , Wei Qi , Zeng Weiwu , Chen Kun , Xiao Feng , Yuan Yushu , Weng Xiaocheng , Zhou Yu , Zhou Xiang
Published: March 2020

RNA sequencing has greatly facilitated gene expression studies but is weak in studying temporal RNA dynamics; this issue can be addressed by analyzing nascent RNAs. A famous method for nascent RNA analysis is metabolic labeling with noncanonic nucleoside followed by affinity purification, however, purification processes can always introduce biases into data analysis. Here, a chemical method for nascent RNA sequencing that avoids affinity purification based on acrylonitrile‐mediated uridine‐to‐cytidine (U‐to‐C) conversion (AMUC‐seq) via 4‐thiouridine (s4U) cyanoethylation is presented. This method converts s4U base‐pairing with guanine through the nucleophilic addition of s4U to acrylonitrile. The high reaction efficiency permits AMUC‐seq directly and efficiently to recover nascent RNA information from total RNAs. AMUC‐seq is validated by being used to detect mRNA half‐lives and investigating the direct gene targets of a G‐quadruplex stabilizer, which can be regarded as potential anticancer drug, in human cells. Thousands of direct gene targets of this drug are verified (these genes are significantly enriched in cancer such as SRC and HRAS). AMUC‐seq also confirms G‐quadruplex stabilization that impacts RNA polyadenylation. These results show AMUC‐seq is qualified for the study of temporal RNA dynamics, and it can be a promising strategy to study the therapeutic mechanism of transcription‐modulating drugs.
Metal–Organic Framework for Transparent Electronics
Authors: Wu Jie , Chen Jinhang , Wang Chao , Zhou Yi , Ba Kun , Xu Hu , Bao Wenzhong , Xu Xiaohui , Carlsson Anna , Lazar Sorin , Meingast Arno , Sun Zhengzong , Deng Hexiang
Published: March 2020

Electronics allowing for visible light to pass through are attractive, where a key challenge is to make the core functional units transparent. Here, it is shown that transparent electronics can be constructed by epitaxial growth of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) on single‐layer graphene (SLG) to give a desirable transparency of 95.7% to 550 nm visible light and an electrical conductivity of 4.0 × 104 S m−1. Through lattice and symmetry match, collective alignment of MOF pores and dense packing of MOFs vertically on SLG are achieved, as directly visualized by electron microscopy. These MOF‐on‐SLG constructs are capable of room‐temperature recognition of gas molecules at the ppb level with a linear range from 10 to 108 ppb, providing real‐time gas monitoring function in transparent electronics. The corresponding devices can be fabricated on flexible substrates with large size, 3 × 5 cm, and afford continuous folding for more than 200 times without losing conductivity or transparency.
Wheat grain yield and nitrogen uptake as influenced by fertilizer placement depth
Authors: Bryant‐Schlobohm Ryan , Dhillon Jagmandeep , Wehmeyer Gwendolyn B. , Raun William R.
Published: March 2020

Global nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for cereal production is estimated to be only 33%. Providing producers with efficient methods to increase the effectiveness of their N applications is integral to agricultural sustainability and environmental quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) injected at different depths on grain yield and uptake of N in grain. Liquid UAN (28–0–0) was applied in bands at depths of 5 and 10 cm, along with surface applications, all at various N rates around Feekes growth stage 5. Placement depth had the most significant impact on yield at low N rates. Subsurface application at 10 cm was most beneficial in low N no‐till (NT) soils, whereas surface treatments produced higher yields in low N environments of conventional till (CT) systems. Three of the four locations experienced higher rates of N uptake from subsurface applications when compared with surface treatments. No difference in grain N uptake was apparent between application depths of 5 and 10 cm. Subsurface N applications were beneficial in reducing rates of ammonia volatilization from urea‐based fertilizers. While there was no clear separation between 5 and 10 cm application depths, subsurface depths of 10 cm provide the most significant promise in benefiting yield in low N environments of NT soils and increasing grain N across CT and NT systems.
Closed‐end capillary rise—An experimental study
Authors: Wu Pingkeng , Ramakrishnan T. S. , Zhang Hua , Wasan Darsh T.
Published: March 2020

The spontaneous rise of Newtonian liquids in closed‐end capillaries is investigated with three different organics. Rise rate and equilibrium height are significantly reduced by a compression induced minor elevation in air pressure within the capillaries. We verify our earlier mathematical analysis quantifying viscous dissipation within air, and also show that the dynamic contact angle plays a material role. The relative importance of these varies with capillary dimensions. We also quantify the influence of atmospheric pressure variation and the temperature induced fluctuations in the rise height. A single parameter that relates static and dynamic contact angles is sufficient to match all of the data. This parameter is obtained from an open‐capillary experiment.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Trifluoromethylation of Benzyl Bromides Using Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane and CsF in 1,2‐Dimethoxyethane
Authors: Nozawa‐Kumada Kanako , Osawa Sayuri , Ojima Takuto , Noguchi Koto , Shigeno Masanori , Kondo Yoshinori
Published: March 2020

An SN2‐type trifluoromethylation of benzyl halides under transition‐metal‐free conditions has been developed using trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane (CF3SiMe3, Ruppert−Prakash reagent) and CsF in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME). Under the developed reaction conditions, the in situ generated trifluoromethyl anion (CF3−) overcame the instability and displayed enhanced nucleophilicity in the presence of DME. This method provides an efficient approach for the generation of various (2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)arenes such as those bearing alkyl, alkoxy, halo (F, Cl, and Br) and trifluoromethyl groups on the benzene rings.
Near‐Infrared Emission from Tin–Lead (Sn–Pb) Alloyed Perovskite Quantum Dots by Sodium Doping
Authors: Liu Feng , Jiang Junke , Zhang Yaohong , Ding Chao , Toyoda Taro , Hayase Shuzi , Wang Ruixiang , Tao Shuxia , Shen Qing
Published: March 2020

Phase‐stable CsSnxPb1−xI3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) hold great promise for optoelectronic applications owing to their strong response in the near‐infrared region. Unfortunately, optimal utilization of their potential is limited by the severe photoluminescence (PL) quenching, leading to extremely low quantum yields (QYs) of approximately 0.3 %. The ultra‐low sodium (Na) doping presented herein is found to be effective in improving PL QYs of these alloyed QDs without alerting their favourable electronic structure. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies suggest the formation of a stronger chemical interaction between I− and Sn2+ ions upon Na doping, which potentially helps to stabilize Sn2+ and suppresses the formation of I vacancy defects. The optimized PL QY of the Na‐doped QDs reaches up to around 28 %, almost two orders of magnitude enhancement compared with the pristine one.
Trishomoaromatic (B3N3Ph6) Dianion: Characterization and Two‐Electron Reduction
Authors: Li Nan , Wu Botao , Yu Chao , Li Tianyu , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: March 2020

Benzene, a common aromatic compound, can be converted into an unstable antiaromatic 8π‐electron intermediate through two‐electron reduction. However, as an isoelectronic equivalent of benzene, borazine (B3N3Ph6), having weak aromaticity, undergoes a totally different two‐electron reduction to afford (B3N3R6)2− homoaromatic compounds. Reported here is the synthesis of homoaromatic (B3N3Ph6)2− by the reduction of B3N3Ph6 with either potassium or rubidium in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 ether. Theoretical investigations illustrate that two electrons delocalize over the three boron atoms in (B3N3Ph6)2−, which is formed by the geometric and orbital reorganization and exhibits (π,σ)‐mixed homoaromaticity. Moreover, (B3N3Ph6)2− can act as a robust 2e reductant for unsaturated compounds, such as anthracene, chalcone, and tanshinones. This 2e reduction is of high efficiency and selectivity, proceeds under mild reaction conditions, and can regenerate neutral borazine.
Supramolecular Strategies for Controlling Reactivity within Confined Nanospaces
Authors: Wang Kaiya , Jordan Jacobs H. , Hu Xiao‐Yu , Wang Leyong
Published: March 2020

Nanospaces are ubiquitous in the realm of biological systems and are of significant interest among supramolecular chemists. Understanding chemical behavior within nanospaces offers new perspectives on biological phenomena in nature and opens the way to highly unusual and selective forms of catalysis. Supramolecular chemistry exploits weak, yet effective, intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding, metal‐ligand coordination, and the hydrophobic effect to assemble nano‐sized molecular architectures, providing reactions with remarkable rate acceleration, substrate specificity, and product selectivity. In this minireview, the focus is on the strategies that supramolecular chemists use to emulate the efficiency of biological processes, and elucidating how chemical reactivity is efficiently controlled within well‐defined nanospaces. Approaches such as orientation and proximity of substrate, transition‐state stabilization, and active‐site incorporation will be discussed.
On‐Surface Synthesis of NBN‐Doped Zigzag‐Edged Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Fu Yubin , Yang Huan , Gao Yixuan , Huang Li , Berger Reinhard , Liu Junzhi , Lu Hongliang , Cheng Zhihai , Du Shixuan , Gao Hong‐Jun , Feng Xinliang
Published: March 2020

We report the first bottom‐up synthesis of NBN‐doped zigzag‐edged GNRs (NBN‐ZGNR1 and NBN‐ZGNR2) through surface‐assisted polymerization and cyclodehydrogenation based on two U‐shaped molecular precursors with an NBN unit preinstalled at the zigzag edge. The resultant zigzag‐edge topologies of GNRs are elucidated by high‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in combination with noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc‐AFM). Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the electronic structures of NBN‐ZGNR1 and NBN‐ZGNR2 are significantly different from those of their corresponding pristine fully‐carbon‐based ZGNRs. Additionally, DFT calculations predict that the electronic structures of NBN‐ZGNRs can be further tailored to be gapless and metallic through one‐electron oxidation of each NBN unit into the corresponding radical cations. This work reported herein provides a feasible strategy for the synthesis of GNRs with stable zigzag edges yet tunable electronic properties.
Correlating Pressure‐Induced Emission Modulation with Linker Rotation in a Photoluminescent MOF
Authors: Sussardi Alif , Hobday Claire L. , Marshall Ross J. , Forgan Ross S. , Jones Anita C. , Moggach Stephen A.
Published: March 2020

Conformational changes of linker units in metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are often responsible for gate‐opening phenomena in selective gas adsorption and stimuli‐responsive optical and electrical sensing behaviour. Herein, we show that pressure‐induced bathochromic shifts in both fluorescence emission and UV/Vis absorption spectra of a two‐fold interpenetrated Hf MOF, linked by 1,4‐phenylene‐bis(4‐ethynylbenzoate) ligands (Hf‐peb), are induced by rotation of the central phenyl ring of the linker, from a coplanar arrangement to a twisted, previously unseen conformer. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, alongside in situ fluorescence and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopies, measured up to 2.1 GPa in a diamond anvil cell on single crystals, are in excellent agreement, correlating linker rotation with modulation of emission. Topologically isolating the 1,4‐phenylene‐bis(4‐ethynylbenzoate) units within a MOF facilitates concurrent structural and spectroscopic studies in the absence of intermolecular perturbation, allowing characterisation of the luminescence properties of a high‐energy, twisted conformation of the previously well‐studied chromophore. We expect the unique environment provided by network solids, and the capability of combining crystallographic and spectroscopic analysis, will greatly enhance understanding of luminescent molecules and lead to the development of novel sensors and adsorbents.
Thiol–Anhydride Dynamic Reversible Networks
Authors: Podgórski Maciej , Mavila Sudheendran , Huang Sijia , Spurgin Nathan , Sinha Jasmine , Bowman Christopher N.
Published: March 2020

The reaction of thiols and anhydrides to form ring opened thioester/acids is shown to be highly reversible and it is accordingly employed in the fabrication of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) that possess tunable dynamic covalent chemistry. Maleic, succinic, and phthalic anhydride derivatives were used as bifunctional reactants in systems with varied stoichiometries, catalyst, and loadings. Dynamic characteristics such as temperature‐dependent stress relaxation, direct reprocessing and recycling abilities of a range of thiol–anhydride elastomers, glasses, composites and photopolymers are discussed. Depending on the catalyst strength, 100 % of externally imposed stresses were relaxed in the order of minutes to 2 hours at mild temperatures (80–120 °C). Pristine properties of the original materials were recovered following up to five cycles of a hot‐press reprocessing technique (1 h/100 °C).
Bioinspired and Mechanically Strong Fibers Based on Engineered Non‐Spider Chimeric Proteins
Authors: Li Yuanxin , Li Jingjing , Sun Jing , He Haonan , Li Bo , Ma Chao , Liu Kai , Zhang Hongjie
Published: March 2020

Silk‐protein‐based fibers have attracted considerable interest due to their low weight and extraordinary mechanical properties. Most studies on fibrous proteins focus on the recombinant spidroins, but these fibers exhibit moderate mechanical performance. Thus, the development of alternative structural proteins for the construction of robust fibers is an attractive goal. Herein, we report a class of biological fibers produced using a designed chimeric protein, which consists of the sequences of a cationic elastin‐like polypeptide and a squid ring teeth protein. Remarkably, the chimeric protein fibers exhibit a breaking strength up to about 630 MPa and a corresponding toughness as high as about 130 MJ m−3, making them superior to many recombinant spider silks and even comparable to some native counterparts. Therefore, this strategy is a novel concept for exploring bioinspired ultrastrong protein materials through the development of new types of structural chimeric proteins.
Iron(III) bis‐complexes of Schiff bases of S‐methyldithiocarbazates: Synthesis, structure, spectral and redox properties and cytotoxicity
Authors: Sohtun Winaki P. , Khamrang Themmila , Kannan Arunachalam , Balakrishnan Gowdhami , Saravanan Dhandayutham , Akhbarsha Mohammad Abdulkader , Velusamy Marappan , Palaniandavar Mallayan
Published: March 2020

A series of iron(III) bis‐complexes of the type [FeL2]X 1‐4, X = OH− (1), Cl¯ (3), and FeCl4¯ (2, 4), where LH is a tridentate (N,N,S) ligands such as N′‐(1‐pyridin‐2‐ylethylidene)‐hydrazinecarbodithioic acid methyl ester (HL1), N′‐(phenylpyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)‐hydrazinecarbodithioic acid methyl ester (HL2), N′‐quinolin‐2‐ylmethylene‐hydrazinecarbodithioic acid methyl ester (HL3), or N′‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl‐methylene)hydrazinecarbodithioic acid methyl ester (HL4) has been isolated in moderate to good yields and completely characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity studies, and infrared and UV‐visible spectral measurements. The single crystal X‐ray structures of 1, 2 and 4 revealed that two deprotonated tridentate (NNS) ligands are meridionally coordinated to constitute a distorted octahedral coordination geometry around iron(III). In acetonitrile solution, all the complexes show quasi‐reversible Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox behavior. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the ligands HL1–HL4 (IC50: HL1, 64.5; HL2, 51.0; HL3, 124.0; HL4, 45.0 μM at 24 h) and complexes 1–4 (IC50: 1, 84.5; 2, 40.0; 3, 168.5; 4, 50.5 μM at 24 h) towards A549 lung cancer cell lines are similar to cisplatin (69.0 μM), revealing that free ligands cause cancer cell death with potency higher than the corresponding iron(III) complexes. Also, both the ligands and the complexes cause cell death mainly through apoptotic mode, as revealed by the observation of a higher percentage of apoptotic cells in acridine orange (AO)/ ethidium bromide (EB), and Annexin V‐Cy3 stained cancer cells.
Influence of monomeric concentration on mechanical and electrical properties of poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) and poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile/acrylic acid) yarns electrospun
Authors: Caro‐Briones Rubén , García‐Pérez Blanca Estela , Báez‐Medina Héctor , San Martín‐Martínez Eduardo , Martínez‐Mejía Gabriela , Jiménez‐Juárez Rogelio , Martínez‐Gutiérrez Hugo , Corea Mónica
Published: March 2020

Two series of copolymers were synthesized by emulsion polymerization: poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) P(S:AN) and P(S:AN‐acrylic acid) P(S:AN‐AA). The monomeric concentrations in both series were: 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 50:50 (wt%:wt%), and 1 wt% of AA. The copolymers were dissolved in N,N‐dimethylformamide (4–10 wt%) and were electrospun. Polymeric yarns were collected using a blade collector. The synthesized and fabricated materials were characterized by known techniques. Mechanical and electrical properties of polymeric yarns indicated a dependence of monomeric concentration. Elastic modulus increases as acrylonitrile concentration increases (up to 30 MPa). Yarns were submitted to degradation process into saline solution, where the acrylic acid content kept a constant elastic modulus at long times. The electrical current into yarns was higher when the concentration is 50:50 wt%:wt% (1.2 mA). The cytotoxicity results showed a cell viability close to 100% for yarns without AA.
Synthesis of imidazolidine‐2,4‐dione and 2‐thioxoimidazolidin‐4‐one derivatives as inhibitors of virulence factors production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Mohamed Basant , Abdel‐Samii Zakaria K. , Abdel‐Aal Eatedal H. , Abbas Hisham A. , Shaldam Moataz A. , Ghanim Amany M.
Published: March 2020

In an attempt to counteract bacterial pathogenicity, a set of novel imidazolidine‐2,4‐dione and 2‐thioxoimidazolidin‐4‐one derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of bacterial virulence. The new compounds were characterized and screened for their effects on the expression of virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including protease, hemolysin, and pyocyanin. Imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones 4c, 4j, and 12a showed complete inhibition of the protease enzyme, and they almost completely inhibited the production of hemolysin at 1/4 MIC (1/4 minimum inhibitory concentration; 1, 0.5, and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively). 2‐Thioxoimidazolidin‐4‐one derivative 7a exhibited the best inhibitory activity (96.4%) against pyocyanin production at 1 mg/ml (1/4 MIC). A docking study was preformed to explore the potential binding interactions with quorum‐sensing receptors (LasR and RhlR), which are responsible for the expression of virulence genes.
Current and Future Outlook on Disease Modification and Defining Low Disease Activity in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Nagaraja Vivek , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco , Furst Daniel E. , Kuwana Masataka , Allanore Yannick , Denton Christopher P. , Raghu Ganesh , Mclaughlin Vallerie , Rao Panduranga S. , Seibold James R. , Pauling John D. , Whitfield Michael L. , Khanna Dinesh
Published: March 2020

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and a variable course in which the severity of the pathology dictates the disease prognosis and course. Among autoimmune rheumatic diseases, SSc has the highest mortality rate among all rheumatic diseases, though there are exciting new therapeutic targets that appear to halt the progression of SSc manifestations such as skin or lung fibrosis. In selected patients, high‐intensity regimens with autologous stem cell transplantation can favorably modify the course. In what was once thought to be an untreatable disease, targeted therapies have now changed the outlook of SSc to a treatable disorder. Herein, we discuss the targeted therapies modifying the outlook on selected organ involvement and creating opportunities for future treatment. We also present a framework for defining low disease activity in SSc.
Stannous chloride reduction–filtration for hexavalent and total chromium removal from groundwater
Authors: Kennedy Anthony , Croft Rachel , Flint Leah , Arias‐Paić Miguel
Published: March 2020

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) reduction using stannous chloride (SnCl2) has emerged as a possible alternative to chromium treatment technologies such as strong base anion exchange. In an effort to target not only Cr(VI) reduction but, ultimately, total chromium (Cr(T)) removal, SnCl2 addition followed by rapid sand filtration was tested at the pilot scale on a groundwater with a naturally occurring Cr(VI) concentration of 0.090 mg/L. A SnCl2 dose of 1.5 mg/L, followed by filtration, was able to consistently remove Cr(T) to less than 0.010 mg/L following an initial ripening period, with limited head loss for 10 sequential 17‐ to 25‐hr filter runs. Total tin and turbidity removal were similar, decreasing to below 0.050 mg/L and raw water levels, respectively. Analysis of filter sand following backwashes and three different material pipe segments that were exposed to unfiltered water dosed with SnCl2 indicated the accumulation of Cr and Sn on surfaces, which remains a concern.