bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Plasma-Activated Water on Physical and Physical–Chemical Soil Properties
Authors: Šimečková Jana , Krčma František , Klofáč Daniel , Dostál Lukáš , Kozáková Zdenka
Published: August 2020

Recently, the bactericidal and fungicidal effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) have been confirmed for its application in agriculture. Although the PAW application is beneficial in plant growth, no information is available about processes induced by PAW in soil. This paper gives the first experimental results about PAW’s influence on selected physical and physical–chemical properties of soil. PAW was prepared using the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operating in the multistreamer mode at a frequency of 11 kHz. The total energy consumption was 60 J/ml. The obtained results show minimal changes in the natural water evaporation from the soil exposed to PAW, slower tap water absorption if a higher amount of PAW (16 doses per 10 ml to 90 g of the soil) is applied, as well as water retention in the soil of over 30%. The soil pH remains in the neutral range of values even at the highest applied PAW amount of 1.7 weight of soil, which represents the best conditions with respect to the plant growth. Thus, we can conclude that the PAW application, even at high amounts, has no negative influence on the physical and physical–chemical properties of soil and it can be safely applied in sustainable, environmentally friendly agriculture.
Uncertainty in the Number of Calibration Repetitions of a Hydrologic Model in Varying Climatic Conditions
Authors: Sleziak Patrik , Holko Ladislav , Danko Michal , Parajka Juraj
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the number of calibration repetitions on hydrologic model performance and parameter uncertainty in varying climatic conditions. The study is performed in a pristine alpine catchment in the Western Tatra Mountains (the Jalovecký Creek catchment, Slovakia) using daily data from the period 1989–2018. The entire data set has been divided into five 6-years long periods; the division was based on the wavelet analysis of precipitation, air temperature and runoff data. A lumped conceptual hydrologic model TUW (“Technische Universität Wien”) was calibrated by an automatic optimisation using the differential evolution algorithm approach. To test the effect of the number of calibrations in the optimisation procedure, we have conducted 10, 50, 100, 300, 500 repetitions of calibrations in each period and validated them against selected runoff and snow-related model efficiency criteria. The results showed that while the medians of different groups of calibration repetitions were similar, the ranges (max–min) of model efficiency criteria and parameter values differed. An increasing number of calibration repetitions tend to increase the ranges of model efficiency criteria during model validation, particularly for the runoff volume error and snow error, which were not directly used in model calibration. Comparison of model efficiencies in climate conditions that varied among the five periods documented changes in model performance in different periods but the difference between 10 and 500 calibration repetitions did not change much between the selected time periods. The results suggest that ten repetitions of model calibrations provided the same median of model efficiency criteria as a greater number of calibration repetitions and model parameter variability and uncertainty were smaller.
Trace Elements in the Bottom Sediments of the Crimean Saline Lakes. Is It Possible to Explain Their Concentration Variability?
Authors: Shadrin Nickolai , Mirzoeva Natalia , Kravchenko Natalia , Miroshnichenko Oksana , Tereshchenko Nataliya , Anufriieva Elena
Published: August 2020

Knowledge of trace elements content and their behavior in aquatic ecosystems is important for their sustainable use. There is a lack of such data for saline and, especially, hypersaline lakes and lagoons. Concentrations of more than 20 elements were evaluated in bottom sediments of 15 saline/hypersaline lakes and Lagoon Sivash in Crimea. An average salinity varied from 4 to 335 g/L in studied water bodies. The concentration of the trace elements varied from lake to lake. The highest variability was recorded for Cd, from 4.13 mg/kg to below the detectable level (CV = 1.463), and for Se, from 5.52 to 0.05 mg/kg (CV = 1.053). The lowest variability demonstrated by Cr, from 368 to 17 mg/kg (CV = 0.463), and by V, from 67.8 to 1.7 mg/kg (CV = 0.481). According to the found content of studied elements, all lakes were separated into three groups, and Lagoon Sivash was not included in these clusters. Salinity affected the concentration of some elements in bottom sediments, and this effect was not linear or unidirectional. In some cases, the action of other factors, often unknown, masked the effect of salinity. The geochemical background affects the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems, but the state of these ecosystems can significantly modify this background. An understanding of the differences in the elemental composition of bottom sediments in different lakes is possible only based on an integrated consideration of the interaction of all landscape, intra-ecosystem, and anthropogenic processes and factors that can influence this.
Health and social problems associated with HIV infection and AIDS in the professional activity of specialists with secondary medical education
Authors: Guseva L.
Published: August 2020

The article considers urgent problem of modern society – progressive increase in the number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen are given, clinical signs of the disease and a modern strategy aimed at reducing the number of infected people are presented. The role of specialists with secondary medical education in the implementation of the Strategy aimed at combating the spread of HIV infection epidemic in the Russian Federation is emphasized.
Description of the standard operating procedure «Operating procedures for a nurse when interviewing patients within the regular medical examination of certain groups of adult population»
Authors: Katkasova N. , Pudovinnikova L.
Published: August 2020

This standard operating procedure (SOP) determines the standard process of filling out questionnaire by a nurse, it is introduced into the practice of nursing staff of the Samara City Clinical Polyclinic No. 15.
Description of the standard operating procedure “Pest control (deratization, disinsection)”
Authors: Dmitrenko Z.
Published: August 2020

This standard operating procedure (SOP) defines maintenance of the sanitary regime, prevention of the development and spread of infectious and parasitic diseases, it is introduced in the Samara Regional Clinical Dental Clinic.
Role of a nurse in the rehabilitation of children using ReviMotion hardware and software complex
Authors: Shirshova T.
Published: August 2020

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system in school-age children occupy 1-2 places in the structure of functional abnormalities. Cognitive impairment without organic damage to the central nervous system is detected in 30-56% of healthy school children. Along with the increase in the incidence rate, the demand for rehabilitation systems, which allow patients to return to normal life as soon as possible and maintain the motivation for the rehabilitation process, is also growing. Adaptation of rehabilitation techniques, ease of equipment management, availability of specially trained personnel and availability of technical support for complexes becomes important.
Features of nursing care for atopic eatures of nursing care for atopic dermatitis in young children
Authors: Pinigina Anna
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of research and synthesis of information on nursing assistance in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children.
Formation of work models ormation of work models of nursing staff of different levels
Authors: Muntyan Irina
Published: August 2020

The work model of a nurse includes 14 elements representing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the work. The analysis of these elements allowed us to form and offer work models for senior and rankand-file nurses. These models ensure selection, evaluation and placement of nursing personnel on a uniform methodological basis.
Monitoring of health of urban population
Authors: Karaseva Larisa
Published: August 2020

Monitoring of health of the population is defined as system organizational and technical and preventive actions providing supervision over a state of health of the population, its assessment and forecasting, and also the actions focused on identification, prevention and elimination of influence of harmful factors of habitat (risk factors) on population health. This method is primary means of assessment of shifts in health of the population, conditions of medical care and formation of data on incidence on this basis that is necessary for effective work of treatment and prevention institution.
Prevention of emotional burnout syndrome in healthcare workers within the framework of corporate activities to promote health in the workplace in Sanatorium «Krasivo»
Authors: Shushpanova Tatiana
Published: August 2020

A great number of highly qualified doctors and healthcare professionals are subject to emotional burnout. Implementation of measures aimed at developing resistance to emotional and psychological stress in the course of activities of healthcare workers will prevent "burnout syndrome". Introduction of psychological sessions of autogenic training, relaxation and self-regulation of the mental state can be used as part of corporate health measures in the workplace and can quickly restore performance, which helps prevent the syndrome of emotional burnout in healthcare workers.
Model of workplace for the chief nurse
Authors: Muntyan Irina
Published: August 2020

The workplace model for a nurse includes 14 elements representing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the workplace. Analysis of these elements allowed to form and propose a workplace model for the chief nurse.
Role of specialists with secondary medical education in the implementation of the National health care project
Authors: Dvoynikov Sergey
Published: August 2020

The article describes the role of specialists with secondary medical education, peculiarities of their professional activity in the implementation of the national project «Health Care.»
Studying basis of theory of psychological tension
Authors: Menzul Elena , Ryazantseva Natalia , Karaseva Larisa
Published: August 2020

Mental states are an essential part of all mental regulation, play an essential role in any type of activity. Mental states reflect human interaction with the environment. Any significant changes in the external environment, changes in the internal world of personality, in the body cause a certain response in the person as integrity, entail transition to a new mental state, change the character of experience, attitude to the situation, quality of activity. Studies in recent years, unfortunately, indicate an increase in the number of students with somatic diseases caused by the influence of educational activities, not only among university students, but also among college and school students.
Reduction of number of postoperative complications depends on quality of dressing material and wound treatment
Authors: Katkasova Larisa , Kropotova Svetlana
Published: August 2020

Operated patients suffering from diabetes are at risk of developing postoperative complications. Modern technologies of postoperative wound treatment and modern dressings allow to avoid complications and speed up the process of postoperative wound healing.
Principles of care for seriously ill patients in palliative office
Authors: Tishchenko Nina
Published: August 2020

The article reflects the importance and importance of the work of nurses of the Department of Palliative Care for Oncological Patients of the State Budget Health Establishment «Samara Regional Clinical Oncological Clinic». Important stages and features of care when dealing with seriously ill patients.
Psychological features of nursing in case of skin diseases in the department tumours of external localizations
Authors: Shagvaleeva Lilia
Published: August 2020

The article discloses the role of the medical sister of the oncological department in the creation of a positive psychological microclimate, which is the key to the successful treatment and rehabilitation of the oncological patient. Experience of organization of nursing process in the department of tumors of external localizations is presented.
Skills of the head nurse: assessment, analysis, improvement
Authors: Karaseva Larisa
Published: August 2020

The professional activity of the leaders of nursing services requires from them not just theoretical and practical training, but the assessment, analysis and improvement of competencies that leaders need. The article analyzes the formation of professional skills among heads of nursing services.
Mathematical Modeling in Nursing Planning for patients after appendectomy
Authors: Burlova Natalia
Published: August 2020

The aim of the study was to conduct a multivariate analysis of a model for the organization of nursing care for a patient diagnosed with appendectomy obtained in a preliminary study. An individual approach to planning the provision of medical care to patients with this pathology by paramedical personnel was justified, within the framework of their competencies. Results. It is established that the assessment of factors characterizing the patient’s current state after appenectomy, based on a systemic multivariate analysis, is a way of objective assessment of the patient’s condition; by weight coefficients allows you to determine the most significant factors; reflects the tendency of the recovery process after surgery and the development of possible complications. Conclusion Further use of the developed mathematical model will make it possible to objectively evaluate the current state of the patient after surgery, to personify the organization of specialized medical care by specialists with secondary medical education.
Study of manifestations of autoagression tudy of manifestations of autoagression in senior teenagers depending on gender n senior teenagers depending on gender features (results of research work)
Authors: Menzul Elena , Ryazantseva Natalia , Fomichev Danil
Published: August 2020

Differences between adolescent boys and girls with auto-aggressive behaviour fall on the sphere of their value and emotional orientations, evidence of manipulating others and accentuation of character, which is studied and presented in the results of the research work. The relevance of the study of auto-aggressive behaviour is determined by its high prevalence, continuous ubiquitous growth, complexity of diagnosis and low effectiveness of preventive measures.
Dolichosigmoid in paramedic practice olichosigmoid in paramedic practice
Authors: Skvortsov Vsevolod
Published: August 2020

Dolichosigmoid is a congenital and acquired pathology of large intestine. At present time, there are some criteria for classification, diagnostics and treatment of this pathology. The article presents the main supporting points for general practitioners and gastroenterologists who face this disease.
Contents of the routing a coronavirus (covid-19) patient in a healthcare provider standard operating procedure
Authors: Bogush Ekaterina
Published: August 2020

This standard operating procedure (SOP) defines the routing procedure for a patient with coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a medical organization, SOP is introduced into the practice of medical workers of a multidisciplinary COVID-hospital.
Training of the cardiology service nursing staff in the conditions of medical organization
Authors: Inozemtseva Svetlana , Karaseva Larisa
Published: August 2020

Training in the workplace is characterized by direct interaction with normal work in the usual working situation for specialists, which has a number of advantages: it does not require large financial expenses, separation from the main work and departure from the limits of the settlement, allows to quickly implement the obtained theoretical knowledge in the practical activities of nursing specialists.
On the diagnostics of Adonis L. species (Ranunculaceae) of the Russian flora
Authors: Luferov Aleksandr
Published: August 2020

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.
Accumulation of heavy metals by silverberry softwood shoots cultivated in urban environments
Authors: Zavadskiy Sergey , Abizov Evgeniy
Published: August 2020

Vehicle emissions make up to 50% of total pollutant emissions in Russia. The main roadside pollutants are heavy metals, petrol oil, lubricants and different readily soluble salts. Silverberry or Elaeagnus argentea Pursh is a deciduous shrub with height up to 4 meters, spreading crown, silver leaves and fruits. It originates from North America and is known since 1813. Its specific features are rather slow growth and ability to grow due to abundant root system. It reproduces itself by seeds, shoots and root suckers. It tolerates transplantation and cutting well. Due to such features as decorative effect, frost resistance, unpretentiousness to soil, resistance to drought, smoke and gases, some researchers recommend to use Elaeagnus argentea Pursh in urban greening. This kind is quite common in single or multiple plantings in Moscow such as green hedges in parks and along roads. Elaeagnus argentea Pursh is not only ornamental but also a medicinal plant.
Study of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds from the bark and leaves of bird cherry (Padus avium Mill.) growing in the Moscow Oblast
Authors: Aymasova V. , Kostikova E.
Published: August 2020

This article describes the study of chemical composition of bird cherry (Padus avium Mill.) growing in the Moscow Oblast. The studies were carried out using thin-layer chromatography and qualitative reactions. Presence of flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds in the leaves and bark of bird cherry was confirmed as a result of the study.
Comparison of quality control methods for drugs against animal E. coliinfection in the State and European Pharmacopoeias
Authors: Galiakbarova Alsu
Published: August 2020

E. coli infection is an acute infectious disease of all young farm animals which causes diarrhea. It is caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli and entails great damage to livestock. At the present stage there are about 30 remedies to prevent E. coli infection in animals circulating in the Russian Federation. Vaccine is an immunobiological that activates acquired immunity. Vaccination is one of the safest, most effective and affordable remedies for specific prophylaxis despite a great number of therapeutic (pharmacological) drugs. All immunobiologicals in Russia must be registered, certified and their circulation must be under control. Drugs must undergo rigorous quality control. The main regulatory document, collection of standards and regulations that determine the quality indicators of substances produced in the Russian Federation and drugs made from them is the State Pharmacopoeia. This article describes how to perform sterility test of various drugs that, in accordance with the regulations, must be sterile.
Modelling expenses for multiple sclerosis treatment
Authors: Mokrova Anna , Sologova Susanna , Ignatyeva Victoria
Published: August 2020

Modern theory of multiple sclerosis requires substantial state expenditures which needs thorough clinical and economic implications assessment of introducing novel drugs in this disease treatment.
Standardization of Social Services: Legal and Scientific Aspects
Authors: Serebryakova Valeriya , Grigorieva Milana
Published: August 2020

The article covers such an urgent problem as standardization of social services. The authors come to the conclusion that the development of regional standards can significantly improve the lives of citizens in a particular region thanks to an indepth study of the problems of the region, the specifics of the life of the population, and the adoption of specific decisions in the form of regional standards, which outline all the norms and requirements that determine the quality of the necessary social services.
Family Disadvantages as a Factor of Development of Deviant Behaviour of Juveniles
Authors: Solnyshkina Marina
Published: August 2020

The article covers the problem of deviant behaviour of juveniles brought up in dysfunctional families. The aim of this work is to identify the correlation of family disadvantages and deviant behaviour of children and adolescents. The risk factors of social maladaptation of children, the specifi cs of family disadvantages are studied. An innovative method of socio-pedagogical work with preschool children and their parents is proposed in order to prevent the development of antisocial behaviour.
Social Teacherʼs Activity with a Family on Prevention and Resolution of Confl icts in ParentChild Relationships
Authors: Fazlyeva Aygul , Slyunko Nataliya
Published: August 2020

In modern society there is much concern about the issue of preventing and resolving confl icts in parent-child relationships. The article presents the work of a social teacher on the prevention and resolution of such confl icts. The authors have developed a number of recommendations for a novice social teacher, including based on their own experience.
Cyberbullying as a Socio-Psychological Phenomenon
Authors: Grachev Georgiy , Bateeva Anastasiya
Published: August 2020

In the XXI century the problem of safe use of the Internet space is becoming an object of study for a wider range of people — international and national business structures, political organizations, law enforcement agencies, social organizations, professional groups and individuals. The authors set themselves the following tasks: to study the nature of interpersonal communication of students in a general educational organization; to characterize the genesis, structure, causes and consequences of the infl uence of cyberbullying on the socialization process of modern adolescents; to conduct an empirical study aimed at identifying the causes and degree of susceptibility to cyberbullying of modern schoolchildren, and interpret its results.
Morphobiological characteristic of bleak Alburnus Alburnus (Cyprinidae) of the River Alei (South-East Western Siberia)
Authors: Kolesov N. , Romanenko G.
Published: August 2020

The results of a study of the morphobiological parameters of the bleak Alburnus alburnus of the river Alei of the Altai Territory are presented. Data on the size-age structure and fertility are presented. According to some morphometric characteristics, significant differences between females and males were revealed.
Peculiarities of generative activity of populations of artemia in hyperhaline lakes of Altai Region
Authors: Vesnina L. , Lukerina G.
Published: August 2020

Results of long-term data (2000–2019) on the fertility of female Artemia from different types of hyperhaline reservoirs in the Altai region in the framework of the monitoring is analyzed in this work. A mandatory condition for determining the generative activity of female Artemia on live material has been established. The limits of individual fertility and average fertility are calculated, and the influence of abiotic factors on its volume is shown. The features of changes in the qualitative content of the egg SAC of female Artemia in reservoirs with different levels of water salinity and the course of its change during the period of vegetation are studied. The average number of litters (broods) for Altai populations was calculated, and the influence of environmental factors on this indicator was analyzed.
Improvement of Ctenopharyngodon idella reproduction technology under the conditions of water fish fishery
Authors: Nikishkin I. , Zakonnova L.
Published: August 2020

The most rational way to reduce the eutrophic load on reservoirs-coolers of energy enterprises, in which the technological processes of energy production and growing fish products are not disrupted, is the introduction of fish-reclaimers into the reservoir. In this regard, full-system fisheries of this type include the production of fish-planting material of herbivorous species, in particular grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella in their work plan. In the production conditions of Belovsky Fisheries LLC, a technology for growing planting material and commercial products of the white Amur has been developed, which has fully justified itself. At the same time, certain difficulties are associated with obtaining high-quality sexual products of herbivorous fish. Due to the technological features and hydrochemical regime of the reservoir, the production of plant-eating fish planting material is carried out with a high risk of over-aging of sexual products. Analysis of the results of spawning campaigns revealed a number of problems, including: zero percent of fertilization, early maturation and release of part of the eggs by females after a permissive injection, and gonad thrombosis. To solve the problem of low fertilization rate, special attention should be paid to sufficient oxygen concentration in water during pre-spawning operations with producers of Cupid. The problem of over-aging of sexual products and gonad thrombosis is proposed to be solved by using a flexible scheme of hormonal stimulation of producers.
Technical regulations of TR CU 021/2011 «On safety of food products» and TR EAEU 040/2016 «On safety of fish and fish products»: parasytological indicators of safety of the Barents sea fish
Authors: Karasev A.
Published: August 2020

The paper gives information on the commercial Barents Sea fish parasites presented in the list of parasitological indicators of the safety of fish and their processed products, provided for by the Technical Regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU TR 040/2016) “On the safety of fish and fish products”. Localization (liver, mesentery, muscles), the life cycle, the hosts within the water area of the parasitological monitoring of a large commercial sea water body ichthyofauna are shown.
Influence of cultivation conditions on morphotype and phenotype of different-aged juveniles of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti Brandt, 1833)
Authors: Elizarova Anastasia
Published: August 2020

Investigated the genetic variability of domesticated herds of the Russian sturgeon. This was selected three samples of fingerlings: the offspring of wild spawners and offspring domestizierung producers grown on Bertuliskan sturgeon hatcheries and the offspring domestizierung manufacturers grown at the hatchery Elektrogorsk TPP. Was investigated three polymorphic enzyme systems, the malate dehydrogenase (MDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and esterase (Ect). Genetic and biochemical studies carried out by electrophoresis. Review such factors as frequency of occurrence and level of heterozygosity. Investigated the relative abundance of Homo — and heterozygous genotypes in each enzyme system. To study morphological variability, we studied data on young Russian sturgeon caught from the Volga, Don and Kuban rivers, fingerling raised in a fish farm outside the range from the larval stage, fingerling raised in the conditions of the pilot fish-breeding workshop of the Novolipetsk metallurgical combine and fingerling raised in a fish farm using warm waste water of the Elektrogorskaya GRES-3 named after R. E. Klasson. We used both literary sources and our own data. The following features were selected for analysis: the number of beetles in the dorsal (Sd), lateral (Sl) and abdominal (Sv) rows. It is shown that the number of beetles in fingerlings grown in warm waters is significantly less than in fish from the natural environment.
Parasites of sturgeon fish in the conditions of artificial reproduction in the Astrakhan region
Authors: Voronina Elena , Terpugova Nadezhda
Published: August 2020

Due to the reduction of stocks of valuable sturgeon species, the restoration of which is difficult due to the lack of natural reproduction, limited scale and low efficiency of artificial reproduction, the development of sturgeon breeding in the Astrakhan region in recent decades remains the most relevant direction of the fishing industry. The main damage to fish farms is caused by infectious and invasive diseases. Epizootic well-being of enterprises depends largely on timely applied preventive measures, ichthyopathological monitoring and production control. This paper presents the results of a parasitological survey of different age groups of sturgeon fish in conditions of artificial reproduction, which is one of the methods for assessing the epizootic situation on a fish farm. The parasitofauna of Russian sturgeon and Beluga combined ectotrophic organisms of a direct development cycle widely distributed in aquaculture — protozoa, crustaceans, leeches. Producers of Beluga and sturgeon larvae each have two types of parasites with a low level of infestation. Producers of Russian sturgeon were distinguished by their parasitic purity. The qualitative composition of parasites of young sturgeon fish grown in ponds was more diverse and in different years included 5-6 species with a predominance in young Russian sturgeon. This age group had the highest level of invasion by epizootically significant parasites. The 35 % of the examined fish had mixed infestations. The parasite fauna of larvae and juveniles of Russian sturgeon and Beluga combined common species: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Ichthiobodo necatоr. The detected organisms did not show pathogenicity to their host, but the presence of parasites with a high epizootic potential indicates the preservation and functioning of the centers of infestation on the farm.
An example of creating a biological filter Cyclobio with digital prototyping
Authors: Tkacheva Irina , Markina Nadezhda , Polyakhov Vyacheslav , Kravchenko Liliya
Published: August 2020

It is important to note that biofilters are more cost-effective in comparison with other types of purification, which is due to the low concentration of pollutants entering fish tanks to bred objects. The best filters of this type are structures of more than four meters and with a circulating liquid, having as the main material fiberglass, little susceptible to chemical environments and the effects of microorganisms, which determines its durability and performance. The principle of operation of such a filter is based on the purification of water through a material covered with a biofilm of microbial colonies. The study was conducted to determine the algorithm for digital prototyping and designing the biofilter capacity for pseudo-liquefied sand layers. The stages of setting and solving the problem are defined. The selection of the amount of biological sand loading is described using the equation for predicting total ammonium nitrogen in the system (TAN). To process 67 kg per day of extruded feed with 56 % protein, 5 m3 of quartz sand with a D10 size of 0.1–0.3 mm is required. The technology of 3D modeling used for designing buildings, structures and equipment is described. Modeling and rendering of the biofilter capacity can be performed in the SketchUp program. The principle of selecting sand for creating pseudo-liquefied layers is described. Prospects for further application of the technology are outlined. The research results presented in the article have shown that when predicting the release of total ammonium nitrogen (TAN), they help in solving problems with the conversion of fish and aquatic aquatic life products into nitrates, allowing you to select the sand layer in the required amount. Modern methods of mathematical modeling for designing for the development and use of fish-breeding equipment, which is actively used in agriculture, are proposed. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the idealization of the model by conducting empirical research at the stage of meaningful modeling.
What is happening in NATO and with NATO
Authors: Bartosh Alexander
Published: August 2020

Serious changes in the military and political situation in Europe and the world are pushing the leadership of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to find new ways to adapt the Alliance to the realities of today.
Strategic planning and foresight in Russian foreign policy amid growing threats and challenges
Authors: Gribin Nikolai
Published: August 2020

The article observes some aspects of strategic planning and prognostication in the context of increasing effectiveness of the Russian Federation international activity. The author examines main reasons for drawing attention to the subject of strategic planning at post-soviet planning. In this connection, the author takes up some practical works of the leading western countries. The focus is on practical significance of the legislative basis, which has been created in the Russian Federation. This legislative has given for the Russian Ministry for Foreign Affairs ability to work up its own system of long-distance planning, monitoring and prognostication. The article contains some proposals toward improving the mechanism of strategic planning in the interests of Russian international policy.
European defence: against whom?
Authors: Mosel Konstantin
Published: August 2020

Debates on project of the European defense are already carrying on for a long time. By now many reasons exist to affirm the European Union visible progression to set up its own defensive component. But officially for the time being the question of creation of a military European union is not raised and the collective defense remains the exclusive prerogative of NATO.
Diplomacy of the Polish Republic before and during the Second World War
Authors: Prozorova I. , Arutyunyan G. , Adamov V. , Buryachenko S.
Published: August 2020

The Article is devoted to the activities of the foreign policy system of the Polish Republic before and during the Second world war. Special attention is paid to the activities of the Polish government in exile (1939–1945) and its participation in the preparation of the Warsaw uprising.
The preparation to celebrating the 75th anniversary of Victory in Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 in the Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry
Authors: Popova N.
Published: August 2020

The article deals with analyzing practical experience of Department for Youth Innovative Programs Development and Career Guidance of the Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry in terms of breeding patriotic feelings among the youth as an axiological task in training future specialists in international relations. The author elaborates on key patterns of breeding patriotism. Special attention was paid to preserving historical memory and popularizing of Russian diplomatic service heritage and to interaction between different governmental institutions in the patriotic sphere. The author underlines the importance of developing new patriotic projects in the framework of modern digital environment in order to prevent falsification of history.
The problem of recognition by the European union of "Crimean" passports
Authors: Gavrilova S. , Bumagina E.
Published: August 2020

The article considers the problem of non-recognition by member countries of the European Union, the Russian passports issued on the territory of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol city, and the difficulty of obtaining a Schengen visa by citizens of these regions. The EU's position on this issue is a violation of human rights and contradicts the norms of international law. The authors suggest possible solutions to this problem.
"Tribal diplomacy": Syrian experience
Authors: Aganin A.
Published: August 2020

The article analyses new form of diplomatic activity within the context of a prolonged since 2011 Syrian conflict — interaction and negotiations with the local tribal community aimed at normalizing the situation and securing peace and stability on the ground. It highlights specific sides of such work, describes the expertise that has been worked out and that allows to address this kind of activities in other internal conflicts in the MENA region.
The place and role of russian diplomacy in solving the problem of modernizing the country
Authors: Nikolaev S.
Published: August 2020

In the context of the formation of a multipolar world, the emergence of new challenges, considering the increasingly complicated system of relations between countries in search of the most beneficial strategic partnership, issues of scientific and technological development are becoming particularly relevant. Development and implementation of advanced technologies, modernization of production and infrastructure are becoming critical not only for ensuring economic growth and national welfare, but also for building strong, mutually beneficial international relations. The article touches upon the current “external” policy of Russia to ensure the innovative development of the country, provides examples of the practical problem-solving, analyzes the applicability of the tools to be used in the current environment.
Technologies of formation of speech competence foreign service officer
Authors: Ovsyannikova O.
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the practice of speech training of specialists of the diplomatic service. The process of formation of speech competence of these specialists at the present stage in the leading diplomatic universities of our country is analyzed. Features of development of speech skills and abilities at studying of speech disciplines are revealed.
Reasons, background and stages of the second world war
Authors: Vinokurov V.
Published: August 2020

The article considers the geo-historical, socio-economic, demographic, military-political and other conditions of the second world war, as well as its stages, from the perspective of the requirements of objective history. Special attention is drawn to those international events and facts that became the trigger for the appearance of casus belli (the reason for war).
Proactive pacifism in Japan: critic analysis of Sh.Abe’s new policy
Authors: Sholkova M.
Published: August 2020

The scope of the article is to examine the concept of proactive pacifism in the context of an ongoing shift in Japan security. During the research the main pacifist principles will be analysed and Sh.Abe’s new policy will be evaluated.
Canada's arctic strategy in 2010s
Authors: Borodin E.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the text of the «Canada's Arctic and Northern Policy Framework», published in September 2019. The author conducted a comparative analysis with a comparable document «Canada’s Northern Strategy: Our North, Our Heritage, Our Future» of 2009. As a result, new approaches to the development of Canada's Northern policy were revealed. There were detected unchanged priorities and goals, as well as emphases of the Canadian government in the shaping of Arctic and Northern policy on addressing the socio-economic problems of indigenous peoples and residents of the North of Canada.
Islamic renaissance accompanied by religious wars
Authors: Ivanov S.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the growing confrontation between the two main currents of Islam: Sunnism and Shiism. The author draws attention to the danger of new religious wars, their destabilizing effect on the general situation in South-West Asia and the world as a whole. Particular attention is paid to considering the conflict between the leader of the Arab-Sunni world, Saudi Arabia and Shiite Iran.
Features of the use of digital diplomacy by foreign policy agencies and international organizations
Authors: Karpovich O. , Troyanskiy G.
Published: August 2020

Along with traditional methods of providing information through mass media (periodicals, television and radio), digital sources are also widely used in the modern world, which, although not officially registered mass media, play no less a role in shaping public opinion. The emergence of personal blogs, «live magazines», Internet sites and social networks opened a new platform and provided new opportunities. There are actors of various sizes, from presidents of major States to Housewives, from businessmen to human rights activists. Foreign policy is one of the most popular topics.
Russia in the XXI century: a request for a new economic policy
Authors: Khasbulatov R.
Published: August 2020

The author examines Russia’s economic position in the world in the XXI century, China’s economic and political infl uence on other countries, and analyzes the economy of the European Union, classifi es the experience of Western Europe as the most successful, while taking into account miscalculations and mistakes.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the future of international trade
Authors: Vikulova O. , Gornostaeva D.
Published: August 2020

Based on the latest foreign sources, the article examines the impact of Artifi cial Intelligence and related robotics and automatization on the global economy, international trade, global value chains, the motivation and activities of companies, especially TNCs, the activities of the WTO, as well as the social consequences of these processes.
Digital transformation of international transactions of purchase and sale
Authors: Kirillov V. , Gavryushin O. , Savinov Yu. , Taranovskaya E.
Published: August 2020

Development of scientifi c and technical progress and in particular the creation and development of technologies for processing and transmission via communication channels of the digital information, the development of fi ber-optic communication networks and mass production of automatic data processing have been the basis for the development of the transformation of transactions of sale as at the enterprise level (in the B2B segment), and retail (B2C segment). The authors show the development of digital technologies and, based on them, the expansion of commercial activity through e-Commerce channels.
Global experience of digital transformation in the financial sector’s prevailing
Authors: Belova L.
Published: August 2020

The main trends in the world economy at the end of the XX — first quarter of the XXI century: financialization of the world economy; financial globalization; digitalization and digital transformation of all areas of life and business processes. The article attempts to analyze the essential characteristics and strategies of digital transformation as one of the most important trends of our time, first, and to identify the features of this process against the background of another major trend — the financialization of the world economy.
Single market: EU and EAEU experience
Authors: Zorin G.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to comparing the creation of single markets in such integration associations as the EU and the EAEU. The EAEU shows a fairly high level of integration, despite the fact that it is one of the youngest integration associations. The experience of creating common EU markets formed the basis for creating common markets in the EAEU. Universal globalization has led to signifi cant changes in the global arena. Integration associations are making more and more eff orts to improve not only the economy, politics, but also the social sphere. The key problem was the formation of a single labor market and, as in the chain that followed, a single market for medicines. In the article, the author conducts a comparative analysis of the experience of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union regarding the formation of a single market for medicines. The article discusses the process of formation of single markets, and also indicates the disadvantages that are currently.
Competitiveness in the era of global digitalization
Authors: Smirnov E.
Published: August 2020

In the context of digitalization in the world, competition is intensifying, lead-ing to a significant transformation of international business and a change in the development strategies of global digital platforms in the global market. The article analyzes and summarizes the prevailing approaches to competition and antitrust policy in the context of the “platformization” of the world economy and its impact on international economic dynamics.
Foreign trade relations of the European Union against the background of increasing turbulence (results 2019, on the threshold of 2020)
Authors: Gladkov I.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the current changes that have occurred over the past five years in the dynamics, geographical and commodity structure of foreign trade relations of the European Union (the EU) as the largest collective entity in the system of modern international commodity trade. The EU was able to maintain its dominant position in the world commodity exchange quite effectively, despite the increase in a number of adverse external factors, such as General "turbulence", the expansion of the zone of protectionist and sanctions measures, and trade conflicts in international commodity trade. The worldwide spread of a new viral infection in early 2020 also made a significant contribution to the noticeable increase in tension in the world economy. This process has acted as a so-called "black Swan", that is, a kind of catalyst that contributes to the approach of the next General cyclical crisis, which was expected by experts of the largest international structures in 2019. It is worth noting that the scale of this challenge has yet to be assessed, since the latest expert forecasts suggest a much more modest reduction in the main indicators of world economic evolution. The author provides up-to-date statistical materials and numerous calculation data that are being introduced into the domestic scientific circulation for the first time.
The role of intellectual property in the development of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Germany
Authors: Solovyova D.
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes trade and economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and Germany in the field of intellectual property. It shows both the current state of this cooperation and possible prospects for its further development.