bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SLEEP DISORDERS AND OBESITY IN ADOLESCENTS: PECULIARITIES OF PSYCHO-COGNITIVE STATUS (THE REVIEW OF LITERATURE)
Authors: Бердина Ольга , Berdina Olga , Рычкова Любовь , Rychkova Lyubov , Мадаева Ирина , Madaeva Irina
Published: December 2017

Adolescence is a time of important physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes. Sleep is a primary aspect of
adolescent development. Its disorders critically influence adolescents’ ability to think, behave, and feel during daytime
hours. Daytime activities, changes in the environment, and individual factors can have significant effects on adolescents’
sleeping patterns. It is known, that a significant change of the sleep-wake cycle across adolescent development is a
tendency to stay up later at night and to sleep in later in the morning. The peculiarity of this period of life is called a
sleep delayed phase phenomenon, which can play the important role in the development of eating disorders and cause
risk of obesity. The epidemic of childhood obesity presents a major public health problem. Many authors consider that
obesity is a multisystem disease with potentially devastating consequences for physical and emotional health across
the lifespan. Obesity may cause obstructive sleep apnea syndrome that can result in excessive daytime sleepiness in
adolescents and have a negative effect on learning, school performance, and behavior. Early detection of risk factors,
screening for metabolic and sleep disturbances in adolescents are major aims in reducing risk of cognitive and be-
havioral disorders. We assume that further studies of the psycho-cognitive impairments in adolescents with obesity in
the sleep-wake continuum are necessary for the development of new approaches to forecasting, early diagnosis and
pathogenically therapies of emotional and cognitive changes at the stage of personality formation as well as potentially
reversible sleep and metabolic disorders.
THERAPY ANXIETY DISORDERS IN GENERAL SUSTAINABLE PRACTICE
Authors: Иванова Людмила , Ivanova Lyudmila
Published: December 2017

Anxiety disorders among general practice patients are the most common. We examined the efficacy and safety of
Buspirone in patients with anxiety disorders in outpatient practice. In accordance with ICD-10, the patients were
distributed as follows: generalized anxiety disorder – 38.7 %, panic disorder – 29 %, adjustment disorder in the form
of mixed depressive and anxiety reaction – 32.3 %. In order to evaluate the impact of therapy the following research
methods were used: clinical, clinical-psychopathological, psychometric (Hamilton anxiety scale (HAM-A), Spielberg-
er-Hanin anxiety level self-evaluation scale, Shihan anxiety self-evaluation scale, Clinical Global Impression-Severity
Scale (CGI-S), and Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) Scale.
Among patients with anxiety disorders 28 people (90.3 %) have finished the study, three persons (9.7 %) dropped out
of the study with regard to the ineffectiveness of Buspirone therapy. Analysis of the values on the HAM-A scale revealed
statistically significant reduction in composite score by the end of day 14 (by 23.4 %, p < 0.05) and a statistically signifi-
cant increase in differences by day 35 of therapy and reduction of scores by 51.5 % (p < 0.01). A statistically significant
reduction (by 21.9 %, p < 0.05) of points on the Shihan anxiety scale was revealed by day 21 of therapy. Reduction of
the mean values of the total score of reactive and personal anxiety by the Spielberger – Hanin scale was recorded from
day 21 of therapy (p < 0.05). CGI-S scale statistically reliable reduction of patients with moderate degree of severity
to 26.6 % (p < 0.05) and a statistically significant increase in the number of patients with mild degrees of severity by
20 % (p < 0.05) were revealed on day 14 of therapy. On the CGI-I scale, a marked improvement (26.7 %, p < 0.05) and
a slight improvement (33.3 %, p < 0.05) is achieved by day 14 of therapy. Undesirable effects in the form of motor co-
ordination disturbance, drowsiness, dizziness leveled during the therapy and did not require additional prescriptions
for their correction. Buspirone can be recommended as an effective anxiolytic drug with safe portability profile for the
treatment of anxiety disorders.
ECTOPIC PREGNANCY AND ACUTE APPENDICITIS DURING INTRAUTERIN PREGNANCY AFTER IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Authors: Протопопова Наталья , Protopopova Natalya , Дружинина Елена , Druzhinina Elena , Лабыгина Альбина , Labygina Albina , Дудакова Виктория , Dudakova Viktoriya , Болдонова Наталья , Boldonova Natalya
Published: December 2017

The paper presents a clinical case of the Patient T., 34 years old, who underwent the treatment in the Department of
ART of the Regional Perinatal Center for tubal peritoneal infertility for seven years. In the anamnesis: one spontaneous
uterine pregnancy, culminating in medical abortion for up to 12 weeks, treatment for chronic salpingo-oophoritis, tu-
bectomy on the right side for a progressing ectopic pregnancy. The patient denied the presence of Chlamydia infection
in the anamnesis. Studies on sexually transmitted infections before the IVF program were negative. During laparo-
scopic tubectomy, no endometriotic foci were found. There were four programs of ART in anamnesis: in 2009, 2012,
2014, 2016. During the fourth ART program in 2016, two embryos were transferred to the uterine cavity, resulting in
a uterine pregnancy in combination with an ectopic pregnancy diagnosed in the ultrasound study at 4 to 5 weeks of
gestation, in the absence of clinical symptoms. The patient underwent emergency laparoscopic tubectomy on the left,
the course of the postoperative period proceeded without complications. Later, in the period of uterine pregnancy of
7–8 weeks, with a clinical picture of acute appendicitis, the woman was hospitalized in the surgical department where
she underwent laparoscopic appendectomy. Later the pregnancy proceeded without complications, at 39 weeks the
planned cesarean section was performed, a girl weighing 3480 grams, 51 cm long with an Apgar score of 9–10 points
was extracted on the operation. The course of the early postoperative period without complications, the patient was
discharged with the child on the 4th day.
Legal Education in Russia: Past, Present, Future
Authors: Иванников Иван , Ivannikov Ivan
Published: December 2017

The article actualizes the question of the quality of legal education in modern Russia, its relationship with the security of society and the state. Unlike the Russian Empire and the USSR, the quality of legal education in the Russian Federation is low. Three main problems of poor quality of education were noted: 1) to obtain a unified master's legal education without a basic bachelor's legal education, that is, people who do not have a first level are admitted to the second level of education; 2) a large number of non-core universities and non-state educational institutions that train lawyers in the absence of the required number of qualified teaching staff: 3) paid education in the specialties on which the life and destiny of a person depends, first of all, medicine and jurisprudence. The author also opposes the practice of providing certificates of non-conviction from the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The prohibition to engage in any activity can be fixed only in the law and only by a court decision.
Gender Composition and Group Confidence Judgment: The Perils of All-Male Groups
Authors: Keck Steffen , Tang Wenjie
Published: December 2017

We explore the joint effects of group decision making and group gender composition on the calibration of confidence judgments. Participants in two laboratory experiments, individually and in groups of three, stated confidence interval estimates for general-knowledge questions and for financial forecasts. Across both studies, our results reveal that groups with at least one female member are significantly better calibrated than all-male groups. This effect is mediated by the extent to which group members share opinions and information during the group discussion. Moreover, we find that compared to a statistical aggregation of individual confidence intervals, group discussions have a neutral or positive effect on the quality of confidence judgments for groups with at least one female group member; in contrast, group discussion actually harms confidence calibration for all-male groups. Overall, our findings indicate that compared to all-male groups, even the inclusion of a small proportion of female members can have a strong effect on the quality of group confidence judgment.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2881 .

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Passive transfusion of JCV antibodies in blood products
Authors: Leahy Teresa , O'Connell Karen , Hennessy Michael John
Published: December 2017

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease causing inflammatory demyelination and axonal loss of the central nervous system. The overarching goal of treatment for MS is to become free from disease activity. Natalizumab is the first monoclonal antibody approved to treat MS and is a highly efficacious treatment, particularly in active or rapidly evolving relapsing remitting MS. Its use, however, is influenced by the occurrence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a potentially fatal brain infection caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV) in patients on natalizumab who are JCV antibody positive. The presence of the JCV antibody often results in discontinuation of treatment. The authors would like to report a case of passive transfusion of JCV antibody following administration of blood products and highlight how lack of awareness of this phenomenon could negatively influence treatment choice in patients with highly active disease.
Prediction by clinical nurses of outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Baby Priya , Shukla Dhaval
Published: December 2017

The spectrum of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) is wide, ranging from minor concussions to major contusions. This heterogeneity of TBI encompasses a lot of uncertainty about the likelihood of worsening or improvement in individual patients. Predicting the outcome of individual patients with traumatic brain injury is therefore challenging. The objective of the study was to determine the accuracy of prediction of outcome in patients with TBI by clinical nurses in comparison to predictions made by a well-validated prognostic model, the International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials (IMPACT) model. A survey was conducted among 50 nurses working in an acute neurotrauma setting in a tertiary care hospital. Some 10 case vignettes describing the clinical data of patients with TBI were given to clinical nurses. The nurses were asked to predict the chance of mortality and unfavorable outcome (unfavorable outcome defined as mortality, vegetative state or severe disability with complete dependence for all physical needs) at 6 months for each case. Predictions made by nurses were compared to predictions made by the IMPACT prognostic calculator for each case. A total of 50 responses were used for analysis. The prognostication made by nurses differed significantly from the IMPACT score. The difference in prediction (expressed as a percentage) ranged from -6.3± 29.6 to 42± 20.5. For most of the cases, nurses tended to be more pessimistic about the outcome. The study provides an insight into the nurses' perception regarding outcome in patients with TBI. It also elucidates the importance of promoting the usage of prognostic models by nurses.
Detailed Study of Odor from Pig Buildings to Improve Understanding of Biotrickling Filter Performance
Authors: Martel Myra C. , Lemay Stéphane P. , Predicala Bernardo Z. , Girard Matthieu , Belzile Martin , Feddes John , Hogue Richard , Godbout Stéphane
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Recently, bioreactors, such as biotrickling filters, have been used to reduce odor and gas emissions from livestock facilities. Considerable efforts have already been made over the years to evaluate and improve the efficiencies of bioreactors used for this purpose; however, no study has yet been published that attempts to provide a thorough assessment of the performance of bioreactors in eliminating most (if not all) of the gases exhausted from swine facilities. Thus, this study was conducted to obtain a better understanding of the performance of biotrickling filters in treating swine odors by conducting a comprehensive evaluation of their overall performance in removing odor and gaseous components. Evaluating the performance of biotrickling filters using persistent gaseous components, i.e., those that remain in the treated air and contribute to the malodor, helps identify areas of the treatment system that can still be potentially improved. The gaseous components monitored were ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Samples were collected from two four-week trials using three laboratory-scale pig chamber and biotrickling filter systems. The NH3 and H2S concentrations were measured using non-dispersive infrared and ultraviolet fluorescence analyzers, respectively, while VOCs were collected using adsorption tubes and analyzed by a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer and an olfactory detection port (GC-MS-O). Samples for odor measurement were also collected and analyzed using a dynamic olfactometer. Linear regression and odor index were used to identify the odorants that had the largest odor impacts. Odor index is an integrated parameter that expresses the combined contributions of odor intensity and hedonic tone to the perceived odor. Of the 176 VOCs identified in the samples, the odor components that had the largest odor impacts included butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylpropionic acid, pentanoic acid, p-cresol, 2,3-butanedione, and dimethyl sulfide. However, most of these substances were almost completely eliminated in the biotrickling filters, except p-cresol and dimethyl sulfide. This implies that optimizing the removal of poorly water-soluble components, such as p-cresol and dimethyl sulfide, could further improve the performance of biotrickling filters in treating swine odors. Keywords: Biotrickling filters, Removal efficiency, Swine odor components.
Using a Crop Simulation Model to Understand the Impact of Risk Aversion on Optimal Irrigation Management
Authors: Wibowo Rulianda P. , Hendricks Nathan P. , Kisekka Isaya , Araya Alemie
Published: December 2017

Abstract.

We studied optimal irrigation management by risk-averse farmers with different soil types under limited well capacity. Our modeling framework allowed us to assess the optimal adjustment along the intensive margins (i.e., changes in seasonal irrigation depth) and along the extensive margins (i.e., changes in irrigated area). Our empirical application uses AquaCrop to simulate corn yields with historical weather in southwest Kansas under a large number of potential irrigation strategies. We show that risk aversion significantly increases total water use, especially for low and medium well capacities. While farmers decreased irrigated area due to risk aversion, the increase in water use occurred because it was optimal to increase the seasonal irrigation depth to reduce production risk. The increase in seasonal irrigation depth arises mostly from reduced management allowable depletion (MAD) levels in the initial crop growth stages of corn. Counterintuitively, risk aversion had a smaller impact on water use for a soil with a smaller soil water holding capacity. This result arises because optimal irrigation under risk neutrality is larger for soils with a smaller water holding capacity. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for risk aversion when estimating the optimal irrigation management strategy and show that the impact of risk aversion differs significantly by well capacity and soil type. Keywords: AquaCrop, Irrigation, Risk, Well capacity.
Model-Based Deficit Irrigation of Maize in Kansas
Authors: Linker Raphael , Kisekka Isaya
Published: December 2017

Abstract.

Maize is the dominant irrigated crop in Kansas. In recent years, as a result of declining groundwater levels in the Ogallala aquifer and diminished well capacities, farmers are turning to deficit irrigation strategies. This study demonstrates the potential of model-based optimization for determining adequate soil water depletion levels. CERES-Maize was used as surrogate crop, while the AquaCrop model was used in an optimization procedure that determined the optimal water depletion levels. A multi-objective optimization framework was used to determine several combinations of optimal water depletion levels based on ten years of historical weather, and these combinations were tested using an additional 50 years of historical weather. The results show that, although imperfect modeling and weather fluctuations caused the actual yield to be different from the target yield, the fluctuations around the multi-year averages were not significantly larger when testing the irrigation schedule with the CERES-Maize model than when testing it with the AquaCrop model that had been used to develop the irrigation schedule. Keywords: AquaCrop, Center-pivot irrigation, CERES-Maize, Multi-objective optimization.
Assessing the Impacts of Future Climate Conditions on the Effectiveness of Winter Cover Crops in Reducing Nitrate Loads into the Chesapeake Bay Watersheds Using the SWAT Model
Authors: Lee Sangchul , Sadeghi Ali M. , Yeo In-Young , McCarty Gregory W. , Hively W. Dean
Published: December 2017

Abstract.

Winter cover crops (WCCs) have been widely implemented in the Coastal Plain of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed (CBW) due to their high effectiveness in reducing nitrate loads. However, future climate conditions (FCCs) are expected to exacerbate water quality degradation in the CBW by increasing nitrate loads from agriculture. Accordingly, the question remains whether WCCs are sufficient to mitigate increased nutrient loads caused by FCCs. In this study, we assessed the impacts of FCCs on WCC nitrate reduction efficiency in the Coastal Plain of the CBW using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Three FCC scenarios (2085-2098) were prepared using general circulation models (GCMs), considering three Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) greenhouse gas emission scenarios. We also developed six representative WCC implementation scenarios based on the most commonly used planting dates and species of WCCs in this region. Simulation results showed that WCC biomass increased by ~58% under FCC scenarios due to climate conditions conducive to WCC growth. Prior to implementing WCCs, annual nitrate loads increased by ~43% under FCC scenarios compared to the baseline scenario (2001-2014). When WCCs were planted, annual nitrate loads were substantially reduced by ~48%, and WCC nitrate reduction efficiency was ~5% higher under FCC scenarios relative to the baseline scenario. The increase in WCC nitrate reduction efficiency varied with FCC scenario and WCC planting method. As CO2 concentrations were higher and winters were warmer under FCC scenarios, WCCs had greater biomass and thus demonstrated higher nitrate reduction efficiency. In response to FCC scenarios, the performance of less effective WCC practices (i.e., barley, wheat, and late planting) under the baseline scenario indicated a ~14% higher increase in nitrate reduction efficiency compared to WCC practices with greater effectiveness under the baseline scenario (i.e., rye and early planting) due to warmer temperatures. The SWAT simulation results indicated that WCCs were effective in mitigating nitrate loads accelerated by FCCs, suggesting the role of WCCs in mitigating nitrate loads will likely be even more important under FCCs. Keywords: Future climate conditions (FCCs), SWAT, Water quality, Winter cover crops (WCCs).
Development of a Laser-Guided, Embedded-Computer-Controlled, Air-Assisted Precision Sprayer
Authors: Shen Yue , Zhu Heping , Liu Hui , Chen Yu , Ozkan Erdal
Published: December 2017

Abstract.

An embedded computer-controlled, laser-guided, air-assisted, variable-rate precision sprayer was developed to automatically adjust spray outputs on both sides of the sprayer to match the presence, size, shape, and foliage density of tree crops in real time. The sprayer was the integration of an embedded computer, a touch screen, a 270° radial-range laser sensor, a travel speed sensor, a unique algorithm, a custom-designed automatic flow rate control unit, and 40 pulse-width-modulated (PWM) nozzles. The accuracy of the sprayer to detect different-sized trees and control the spray outputs of individual nozzles based on tree structures was tested in a commercial nursery. Spray deposition qualities between variable-rate and constant-rate operational modes of the sprayer were also compared. Test results demonstrated the capability of the sprayer to measure different trees accurately and then control the spray outputs of nozzles independently to match tree structure. The outline profile similarity of paired images taken with a digital camera and with the laser sensor for three trees ranged from 0.81 to 0.89. To spray trees of different sizes and shapes, the sprayer in variable-rate mode (VRM) consumed 12.1% to 43.3% of the spray volume that was used in constant-rate mode (CRM) with an application rate of 468 L ha-1. Moreover, the sprayer had 30% and 55% greater coverage areas per amount of spray deposits in VRM than in CRM. This innovative sprayer should have significant potential to reduce pesticide waste, provide sustainable crop protection to growers, and safeguard the environment. Keywords: Automation, Nursery, Orchard, Precision agriculture, Variable-rate sprayer.
Geochemical Evolution and Leachate Transport Beneath Two Carcass Burial Sites: A Field Investigation
Authors: Pratt Dyan L. , Fonstad Terrance A.
Published: December 2017

Abstract.

This study presents the first complete investigation using soil coring to evaluate the geochemical evolution of leachate plumes beneath existing livestock burial sites. The objective of the study was to broaden our understanding and provide evidence-based resources for minimizing the environmental impacts of mass-mortality carcass burial. Pre-existing livestock burial sites were selected for a detailed analysis of contaminant transport beneath and surrounding the sites in an attempt to determine the risk to soil and groundwater. This analysis entailed soil coring at the site along with specific ion and solution extraction analyses on the soil cores to provide detailed 2-D images of leachate movement around and below the burial sites. The first site, near Pierceland, Saskatchewan, was used in 2001 to bury euthanized elk potentially suffering from chronic wasting disease (CWD). The soil cores were taken seven years post-burial, and the extent of leachate transport, upon analysis of the soil cores, was 1 to 1.5 m of vertical transport of anions (Cl, alkalinity), as well as some cations arising from ion exchange reactions (Ca and Mg). Ammonium ions were attenuated near the bottom and in the first meter beneath the bottom of the trench. There was no indication of lateral movement of ions at this site. The second site, near McLean, Saskatchewan, was used in 1952 to bury carcasses of culled livestock during an emergency depopulation effort for disease control measures during Canada’s only outbreak of foot and mouth disease. This site was cored nearly 60 years post-burial and demonstrated that vertical leachate movement was relatively slow over the 60 years, with movement of up to 1 to 2 m. Due to the presence of sand lenses in and around the burial pit, horizontal movement of up to 10 m of anions, such as Cl and bicarbonate, was discovered. Ammonium ions were indicated within the confines of the burial pit and in the soil immediately surrounding the pit. Both sites demonstrated plume characteristics consistent with previous geochemical models, and both showed little impact to the immediate surrounding environment. This would appear to indicate that the burial site selection characteristics were appropriately determined and that many parts of Saskatchewan are suitable for mass quantities of livestock carcass burial in the event of catastrophic events such as disease outbreaks or natural disasters. Keywords: Carcass leachate, Contaminant transport, Groundwater, Livestock burial, Mortality, Site investigation, Soil.
‘Authenticity’ as Intermediary: Contested Memories of the Mughal Fort of Old Delhi
Authors: Waraich Saleema
Published: December 2017

This article traces the contested symbolic values of the Red Fort (Lal Qila) of Delhi. Specifically, it queries the ways in which politically bound memories of the site negotiated a Mughal-Muslim past and constructions of a national identity in the 1990s and 2000s. As examined here, these negotiations were made manifest in conservation practices at the site, the criticisms and debates that ensued, and competing claims over what constitutes an ‘authentic’ representation of the site, thus speaking to a collision of attitudes and approaches to conserving India’s Mughal heritage and envisaging India’s ambitions and identity.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Amygdalou Kalliopi , Caskey Jill , Derderian Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

Thomas Hope: Drawings of Ottoman Istanbul, Benaki Museum of Islamic Art, Athens, Greece, March 24–September 25, 2016 and Anatolian Travels: 19th Century, Arkas Art Center, Izmir, Turkey, September 7–December 18, 2016

SYRIA: A LIVING HISTORY, AGA KHAN MUSEUM, TORONTO, OCTOBER 15, 2016–FEBRUARY 26, 2017; EXTENDED TO MARCH 27, 2017

Cairo Now! City Incomplete, Dubai Design Week, d3 Dubai Design District, Dubai, October 24–29, 2016
Because We Can: Globalization and Technology Enabling Iconic Architectural Excesses
Authors: Khan Hasan-Uddin
Published: December 2017

If architecture is an expression of culture, its manifestations tell us something about ourselves, our aspirations, and our desires. But nothing is ever straightforward. Of course, not all architecture was nor is rooted to the land – traditionally some of it expressed the values of the ruling class, be it the grand mosques as expressions of piety or the palaces or corporate office buildings as symbols of power. Iconic images and visual extravagances have always been part of the landscape, from the Taj Mahal to Le Corbusier’s Chapel at Ronchamp to Gehry’s attention-seeking Bilbao Guggenheim Museum. Iconic building has always been part of the visual landscape of the city. And many recent global developments have been enabled and abetted by the consumerist ‘transnational capitalist class’ (TCC). In this process, developers and architects have played a significant role in visualizing the new buildings and cities that serve the TCC. One could argue that in the era of globalization, the relationship between urban economy and urban design seems to be reversed. Urban design has undertaken an enhanced new role as a means of economic development and it is the search for architectural icons that drives the process of architectural design in globalizing cities. The focus on image has reached great heights, abetted by innovations in technology. What has come to be known as the ‘Dubai Effect’ became prevalent at the beginning of the twenty-first century: the need to attract and to create a brand. Architectural publications pander to the new slickness in presenting unusual and visually arresting buildings regardless of their suitability. These increasingly attention-grabbing buildings are forming our perception of the built environment in a cacophony of visual expressions, which makes one wonder in what direction architectural reform is heading.
Explosions and Expulsions in Ottoman Athens: A Heritage Perspective on the Temple of Olympian Zeus
Authors: Cohen Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

The recent increased interest in Ottoman studies has resulted in new research groups, publications, conferences, and exhibitions. Nevertheless, the perception and management of imperial legacies and memories in post-Ottoman societies continues to be a problematic process, in no small part because of the lack of dialogue between Ottoman studies (particularly in regards to material culture) and more traditional areas such as regional history, classical studies, and archaeology. This article attempts to bridge these divides by examining how inherited cultural landscapes were imagined and reconstructed in Islamic societies. Here, the example will be Athens, a city that has a long history of being identified primarily by its ‘glorious’ antiquities. By exploring diverse ways of experiencing and perceiving the many-layered memories of this iconic city, this article highlights the need for a reassessment of how Islamic societies imagined the past. It also illustrates that the very model of how we understand cultural heritage studies needs to be redefined.
Strengthening the Global Refugee Protection System: Recommendations for the Global Compact on Refugees
Authors: Appleby Kevin
Published: December 2017

On September 19, 2016, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants. This document launched a two-year process to develop a Global Compact on Responsibility Sharing on Refugees (“Global Compact on Refugees”) and a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration. With a record 65 million displaced persons in the world, the global community must come together to fashion a stronger protection regime for persons on the move. This paper outlines broad themes and specific recommendations that the Global Compact on Refugees should adopt on how to strengthen the global refugee protection system. The recommendations fall into several categories: (1) responsibility sharing for the protection of refugees; (2) filling in protection gaps; (3) balancing and replacing deterrence strategies with protection solutions; (4) refugee resettlement; and (5) building refugee self-sufficiency. Some of the key recommendations include:the development of a responsibility-sharing formula to respond to large movements of refugees;the development of an early warning system to identify and respond to nations in crisis;the adoption of principles included in the Nansen and Migrants in Countries of Crisis initiatives;the use of temporary protection measures to protect populations that flee natural disaster;the adoption of model processes that ensure safe and voluntary return;cooperation between destination and transit countries to expand refugee protections;the provision of asylum and due process protections at borders;the use of development assistance to ensure the self-sufficiency of refugees;the adoption of a goal to resettle 10 percent of the global refugee population each year;the establishment of a refugee matching system between refugees and resettlement countries; andthe adoption of coherent strategies, involving all sectors, to address large movements of refugees.This paper draws heavily, albeit not exclusively, from a series of papers published as a special collection in the Journal on Migration and Human Security[1] on strengthening the global system of refugee protection.[1] Rethinking the Global Refugee Protection System, Journal on Migration and Human Security, Center for Migration Studies, 2016-2017. See http://cmsny.org/cms_research/refugeeproject/.
INFLUENCE OF SOURCES OF SELENIUM ON BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES DURING SWELLING AND GERMINATION OF WHEAT GRAIN
Authors: Глотова (Glotova) Ирина (Irina) Анатольевна (Anatol'evna) , Галочкина (Galochkina) Надежда (Nadezhda) Алексеевна (Alekseevna)
Published: December 2017

The influence of sodium selenite and 4,4-di[3(5-methylpiperazine)]selenide (DMDPS) on microphenological phases of swelling and germination of grain of winter wheat of a grade "Alaya Zarya" was studied. The influence of sodium selenite and DMDPS on amylolytic, proteolytic activity and contents in the form of glutathione is studied. Opposite action of DMDPS and selenit on biochemical processes at grain germination is found: for DMDPS – stimulating, for sodium selenit – depressant. Under the influence of sodium selenit the decrease in proteolytic activity by 30%, under the influence of DMDPS – 5% is revealed. It is found that amylolytic activity of wheat under the influence of DMDPS shows a tendency to achieve the same level, as in the control "Wheat + H2O", however the maximum is reached 4 hours earlier. In a sample with sodium selenit the decrease in amylolytic activity by 15% in comparison with control is found. Stimulating action of DMDPS on glutathione accumulation is detected. The maximum contents in the form of glutathione is noted for a sample of wheat, germinated with DMDPS – 8,53 mg%. It is 22,6% more than in the control sample, and is 36,1% more, than in the sample with sodium selenit. The extreme values of an indicator are reached in 28 hours of germination for the control sample, in 16–20 hours – for samples with DMDPS and Na2SeO3. The duration of microphenological phases of germination of seeds using DMDPS as a part of steep water is reduced by 2–4 hours in comparison with tap water. The results are used for control of wheat grain germination in the process of additives enriched with selenium on grain basis.
ACYLATED FLAVONOIDS OF SPIRAEA GENUS AS α-AMYLASE INHIBITORS
Authors: Кащенко (Kashchenko) Нина (Nina) Игоревна (Igorevna) , Чирикова (Chirikova) Надежда (Nadezhda) Константиновна (Konstantinovna) , Оленников (Olennikov) Даниил (Daniil) Николаевич (Nikolaevich)
Published: December 2017

Spiraea L. is a genus of deciduous shrubs of Rosaceae family widespread on the territory of Eastern Siberia. As a result of the study of six Spiraea species growing on the Baikal region, it was shown that they characterized by a high content of phenolic compounds and their extracts had an inhibitory effect on α-amylase. The use of correlation analysis made it possible to reveal the leading role of flavonoids as carriers of the biological effect of extracts. The most active was the extract of S. salicifolia leaves with an IC50 value 69,30 μg/mL After fractionation and chromatographic separation of the extractive substances, 18 compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of S. salicifolia and fifteen of them for the first time for the species, including trifolin, 6′′-O-caffeoyl-hyperoside, 6′′-O-caffeoyl-isoquercitrin, 6′′-O-caffeoyl-astragalin, 1-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl-6-O-p-coumaroyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid, isoramnetinin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, tiliroside, isoramnetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, 1-O-cis-cinnamoyl-6-O-(2′-methylene-4′-hydroxybutyroyl)-β-d-glucopyranose, 1-О-(4′′-hydroxy-3′′-methylfurane-2′′-one)-6-О-trans-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranose, 1-О-(4′′-hydroxy-3′′-methylfurane-2′′-one)-6-О-cis-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranose, 6-tuliposide A and tulipalin A. The most active inhibitors of α-amylase were flavonoid caffeoyl glycosides with 6′′-O-caffeoyl-hyperoside as a most effective inhibitor with IC50 value 46.18 μg/mL. Latter compound determined the total anti-α-amylase effect of S. salicifolia. The content of 6′′-O-caffeoyl-hyperoside in leaves of S. salicifolia was 0,60-10,53 mg/g and flavonoids – 12,02-23,17 mg/g. This study demonstrated the fact that the acylated flavonoids of Spiraea are effective inhibitors of α-amylase.
STUDY OF CHITOSAN PROTECTIVE PROPETIES IN COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONS OF CADMIUM SELENIDE QUANTUM DOTS
Authors: Штоббе (Shtobbe) Ирина (Irina) Андреевна (Andreevna) , Безносюк (Beznosjuk) Сергей (Sergej) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) , Мозорева (Mozoreva) Ирина (Irina) Евгеньевна (Evgen'evna)
Published: December 2017

In this paper, by a low-temperature colloidal aqueous method, without the use of toxic media, the quantum dots of cadmium selenide in the shell of chitosan were synthesized. Chitosan was used as a matrix for the growth of colloidal semiconductor particles, and it also stabilized the obtained particles.The purpose of this work was studying the protective properties of chitosan in colloidal solutions of cadmium selenide quantum dots. The objective of the study was to analyze the protective effect of chitosan in colloidal systems by analyzing the optical and rheological properties of the obtained solutions.The dependence of the light transmission of colloidal solutions of cadmium selenide quantum dots in the shell of chitosan on the concentration of polysaccharide was investigated.It has been established that the light transmission of colloidal solutions decreases with time, the lower the content of chitosan in solution, which indicates that the protective action of colloidal solutions of quantum dots of cadmium selenide increases with increasing concentration of the polysaccharide.A study was made of the kinematic viscosity of the obtained solutions with different concentrations of chitosan in time. It was established that when the quantum dots are formed in the chitosan matrix, the viscosity of the colloidal system decreases. The protective effect of chitosan increases with increasing concentration in the solution.
Beer-trail maps and the growth of experiential tourism
Authors: Feeney Alison E.
Published: December 2017

A well-designed map can influence tourists’ activities, yet tourist maps and their designs remain under-examined in the cartographic literature. Today, many Americans are traveling to indulge in new food and drink experiences, which can potentially increase revenues in other related tourist amenities. Specifically, travel to craft breweries is increasing, and tourism agencies throughout North America promote beer trails. This study identified 100 beer trails promoted by official tourism agencies, inventoried how many of those trails’ marketing materials included a map, and evaluated those maps using Quantitative Content Analysis (QCA) for common design elements. The overall goal of the project was to determine if the maps featured only the breweries or if they promoted visiting additional experiential activities that contributed to the creation of a sense of place, and that in turn, may provide potential benefits to the travel destination. The results found that tourism agencies aggressively advertise local breweries, but the maps developed for beer trails significantly underutilize effective cartographic principles and do not promote other regional activities. Most trail maps were made with Google Maps, an effective tool for navigation, but one that often produced unbalanced layouts and did not use symbology to effectively emphasize tourist activities. Additionally, Google Maps tends to suggest travel on main roads or highways rather than smaller back roads that are more likely to host additional local activities. A limited number of maps were artistically designed to focus the viewer’s attention on the regional landscape and other available activities, but were designed in a highly generalized, cartoon-like style. Only two agencies mapped breweries along with suggested routes and additional activities using symbols, colors, fonts, and pictures appropriate for the age demographic of their market audience.
“Pregreta smetana” (overheated cream) – a revived Slovenian traditional dairy product
Authors: ČANŽEK MAJHENIČ Andreja
Published: December 2017

The aim of the study was to standardize the technological process for an almost unknown traditional dairy product from the south-eastern part of Slovenia, called “pregreta smetana” or “overheated cream”. Traditional process for its production was and still is passed from generation to generation by oral tradition and personal notes, resulting in many variations of a final product. Nevertheless, there are some steps, common in all traditional processes regardless to the local area of origin: milk is poured into wide and shallow containers, and after fat-layer is formed on the milk surface during cooling period, the overheating follows. However, time/temperature regimes of overheating and other handlings differ from producer to producer. Therefore, four different technological processes were accomplished, where special attention was focused to parameters as follows: the size of crust patches, the temperature and the time of overheating, and the mode of stirring. From the results of chemical and sensory analysis of the overheated cream samples, the technological process was standardized. Taste and aroma of the standardized product were typical, soft, creamy and caramelized, the texture was buttery, smooth to slightly crumbly with crust patches, while colour was golden brown to brownish and evenly marbled with crust patches.
New names of Typha of Northern Eurasia (Typhaceae)
Authors: Doweld Alexander B.
Published: December 2017

The nomenclature of some fossil and extant homonyms ofTypha(Typhaceae) is resolved. FossilTypha elongataP.I. Dorofeev 1982, being an illegitimate later homonym of extantTypha elongataPauquy 1834, is renamedT. asiaticanom. nov.Typha sibiricaKrasnova 1987 (extant) is replaced by a new name,T. krasnovaenom. nov., on account of the earlier homonym,T. sibiricaP.I. Dorofeev 1982 (fossil).T. transdnestrovicanom. nov. is proposed to replace the later homonymT. ellipticaNegru 1976 (fossil) nonT. ellipticaGmelin 1808 (extant). Fossil seeds from the Lower Oligocene (Rupelian) of Bembridge (Isle of Wight, U.K.), previously attributed to the fossil-speciesT. latissima, based on leaves, are described as a new fossil-species,T. latissimisperma sp. nov.Typha latissimais neotypified;Typha angustioris lectotypified for the first time.
Revision of Fedekurtzia (pteridosperm) and allied fronds from the Carboniferous of Gondwana
Authors: Coturel Eliana P. , Césari Silvia N.
Published: December 2017

Carboniferous foliage ofFedekurtzia argentina(Kurtz) Archangelsky from Gondwana is systematically described and revised. The frond is reconstructed based on specimens of the late Serpukhovian–BashkirianNothorhacopteris/Botrychiopsis/Ginkgophyllumflora of western Argentina, especially from the Jejenes, Tupe and Volcán formations. The whole-frond reconstruction emphasizes the variation in pinnule shape throughout the basal, medial and distal sections of the frond. The basalmost rachis possesses cyclopteroid pinnules grading to pinnae with obovate to wedge-shaped pinnules at the medial section of the frond. Distal pinnae are shorter, bearing imbricate and more dissected pinnules. Specimens from the same type locality from whichF. argentinacomes, previously assigned toTriphyllopteris cuyanaLeguizamón & Vega, are reassigned toF. argentina, as well as ovuliferous and microsporangiate structures in organic connection. Two decades ago a revision of the GermanTriphyllopterisgenus rejectedT. cuyanaas representative of the taxon, and the Argentinian specimens remained as indeterminate “triphyllopteroid” fronds. The ovulate organPolycalyxVega & Archangelsky is considered to be in organic connection with vegetative fragments ofF. argentina, and its cupulate character is discussed. Pollen organs represented by multi-forked axes bearing fusiform sporangia ofRinconadiaVega are also in organic attachment and included in theFedekurtzia argentinareconstruction. The pollen or prepollen grains are trilete and with granulate sculpture. The paper presents a comparison withBotrychiopsis weissianaKurtz emend. Archangelsky & Arrondo, which differs in its rounded and entire-margin pinnules. Similar specimens from Australia formerly described asRhacopteris,SphenopteridiumandArchaeopterisand currently included inFedekurtzia intermediaRigby share morphological characters with the Argentinian species. A revision of the Australian material is necessary to confirm synonymy.Fedekurtziabelongs to the pteridosperms based on the reproductive organs and is here assigned to Austrocalyxaceae. Its reconstruction now constitutes one of the most complete seed-ferns known from the Carboniferous of Gondwana.
Three millennia of vegetation and environmental dynamics in the Lagunas de Mojanda region, northern Ecuador
Authors: Villota Andrea , Behling Hermann , León-Yánez Susana
Published: December 2017

The pollen record from Lagunas de Mojanda, located at 3748 m a.s.l. (northern Ecuadorian Andes) reflects the vegetation and climate dynamics for the last ca 3400 cal yr BP. Páramo vegetation has been the main vegetation type since the beginning of the record. At Lagunas de Mojanda, from the last ca 3400 to 2200 cal yr BP, grass páramo was well represented mainly by Poaceae (40%) and the occurrence ofValeriana(5%), while montane forest taxa were poorly represented and subpáramo taxa were rare. The vegetation composition suggests cool and humid conditions. Between ca 2200 and ca 1300 cal yr BP, montane rainforest and subpáramo taxa had a higher presence but páramo taxa remained the main vegetation type in the study area, suggesting cool climatic conditions. From ca 1300 to ca 500 cal yr BP, páramo vegetation remained stable, with higher presence ofPhlegmariurusandIsoetes, suggesting cool and humid conditions. The last ca 500 cal yr BP generally show lower frequency of montane rainforest and subpáramo taxa. Páramo vegetation reached the highest share, with the presence of Poaceae,PlantagoandRanunculussuggesting a trend of peat bog drying. Fires were present during the whole record, perhaps human-caused, but the study area does not show great disturbance except from ca 1300 to 500 cal yr BP, a period of an evident higher influx of charcoal particles coincidentally with nearby ancient human occupation.
A new three-dimensional chaotic system with a hidden attractor, circuit design and application in wireless mobile robot
Authors: Vaidyanathan Sundarapandian , Sambas Aceng , Mamat Mustafa , Mada Sanjaya WS
Published: December 2017

This research work proposes a new three-dimensional chaotic system with a hidden attractor. The proposed chaotic system consists of only two quadratic nonlinearities and the system possesses no critical points. The phase portraits and basic qualitative properties of the new chaotic system such as Lyapunov exponents and Lyapunov dimension have been described in detail. Finally, we give some engineering applications of the new chaotic system like circuit simulation and control of wireless mobile robot.
High resolution Slovak Bouguer gravity anomaly map and its enhanced derivative transformations: new possibilities for interpretation of anomalous gravity fields
Authors: Pašteka Roman , Zahorec Pavol , Kušnirák David , Bošanský Marián , Papčo Juraj , Szalaiová Viktória , Krajňák Martin , Ivan Marušiak , Mikuška Ján , Bielik Miroslav
Published: December 2017

The paper deals with the revision and enrichment of the present gravimetric database of the Slovak Republic. The output of this process is a new version of the complete Bouguer anomaly (CBA) field on our territory. Thanks to the taking into account of more accurate terrain corrections, this field has significantly higher quality and higher resolution capabilities. The excellent features of this map will allow us to re-evaluate and improve the qualitative interpretation of the gravity field when researching the structural and tectonic geology of the Western Carpathian lithosphere. In the contribution we also analyse the field of the newCBAbased on the properties of various transformed fields – in particular the horizontal gradient, which by its local maximums defines important density boundaries in the lateral direction. All original and new transformed maps make a significant contribution to improving the geological interpretation of theCBAfield. Except for the horizontal gradient field, we are also interested in a new special transformation ofTDXAS, which excellently separates various detected anomalies of gravity field and improves their lateral delimitation.