bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CBr4‐Mediated Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of Amines.
Authors: Huo Congde , Xie Haisheng , Wu Mingxia , Jia Xiaodong , Wang Xicun , Chen Fengjuan , Tang Jing
Published: August 2015

A novel CBr4‐mediated dehydrogenative Povarov/aromatization tandem reaction of glycine derivatives (I) and (IV) with alkenes (II) and (V), leading to complex quinoline derivatives (III) and (V) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Ga(OTf)3‐Promoted Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Carbonyl‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines Derived from Ethyl α‐Benzotriazolyl‐α‐morpholinoacetate.
Authors: Yang Fengxia , An Weiteng , Qian Zhiwei , Yu Ting , Du Yongli , Ma Lanping , Wang Xin , Meng Tao , Shen Jingkang
Published: August 2015

The title imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines (V), (VIII), (XI) are obtained by Ga(OTf)3‐ catalyzed reaction of various primary heterocyclic amidines and isocyanides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Pyrido[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Ren Qingyun , Xia ShiYan , Gu Yucheng , Li Baoju , He Hongwu
Published: August 2015

Some novel pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives (V) are successfully formed via a tandem aza‐Wittig annulation reaction of corresponding imino‐phosphorane (I), aryl isocyanates and amines.
ChemInform Abstract: A FRET—ICT Dual‐Quenching Fluorescent Probe with Large Off—On Response for H2S: Synthesis, Spectra and Bioimaging.
Authors: Zhang Changyu , Wei Lv , Wei Chao , Zhang Jie , Wang Runyu , Xi Zhen , Yi Long
Published: August 2015

Compound (I) is a sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for H2S in a buffer and in living cells.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 2] Heterocyclization for Efficient Formation of Substituted Quinoxalines Through Carbon—Oxygen Bonds Cleavage.
Authors: Tu Man‐Su , Xu Hai‐Wei , Fan Wei , Jiang Bo , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: August 2015

A new domino strategy for an efficient synthesis of highly functionalized quinoxaline derivatives (III) is developed using a [4 + 2] heterocyclization procedure involving a ring‐opening of oxirane.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Expedite Synthesis of 2‐Phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridylquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Sakhuja Rajeev , Shakoor S. M. Abdul , Kumari Santosh , Kumar Anil
Published: August 2015

An efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds (V) is developed using a microwave‐assisted Hinsberg heterocyclization using either montmorillonite or Yb(OTf)3 as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4′′,3′′:1′,6′]pyrimido[4′,5′:3,4]pyridazino[1,6‐d] [1,2,4]triazine; a Novel Tetracyclic System.
Authors: Hazrathoseyni Ayla , Seyedi Seyed Mohammad , Shiri Ali , Eshghi Hossein
Published: August 2015

The synthesis of the first representatives of the novel tetracyclic heterocyclic system (VII) are synthesized via two consecutive cyclocondensation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed C—H Borylation of Arenes.
Authors: Dombray Thomas , Werncke C. Gunnar , Jiang Shi , Grellier Mary , Vendier Laure , Bontemps Sebastien , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Sabo‐Etienne Sylviane , Darcel Christophe
Published: August 2015

Both aromatic and heteroaromatic arenes undergo dehydrogenative borylation with pinacolborane catalyzed by a well‐defined iron bis(diphosphine) complexes under UV irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bonds Phosphorylation of Ketene Dithioacetals.
Authors: Zhu Liping , Yu Hongmei , Guo Quanping , Chen Qiao , Xu Zhaoqing , Wang Rui
Published: August 2015

The title reaction is mediated by K2S2O8 or AgNO3 and the products can be further transformed to tetrasubstituted alkene and N‐heterocycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐[(1,2,3)triazol‐1‐yl]uridines Using Click Chemistry Approach.
Authors: Kumar Surender
Published: August 2015

Title compounds (III) are synthesized starting from 2′‐azidouridine (I) using the copper (I)‐catalyzed Huisgen—Sharpless—Meldal 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of 2′‐Triazolo‐nucleoside Conjugates.
Authors: Mathur D. , Rana N. , Olsen C. E. , Parmar V. S. , Prasad A. K.
Published: August 2015

A library of novel triazolyl conjugates of uridine and 5‐methyluridine (III) (22 examples) is efficiently and conveniently synthesized by a Cu(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonfunctionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Synthetic Routes and Synthesis Condition Dependence
Authors: Jimenez‐Ruiz Aila , Perez‐Tejeda Pilar , Grueso Elia , Castillo Paula M. , Prado‐Gotor Rafael
Published: August 2015

Review: some of the most relevant synthetic procedures reported up to date, with a special focus on synthetic routes to nonfunctionalized gold nanoparticle in aqueous media, influence of synthesis conditions on the shape, stability, and reactivity of the nanoparticles; 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Charge Ordering in Cobalt Oxides: Impact on Structure, Magnetic and Transport Properties
Authors: Raveau Bernard , Seikh Md. Motin
Published: August 2015

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(vinylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene Analogues of BEDT‐TTF
Authors: Ertas Erdal , Demirtas Ilknur , Ozturk Turan
Published: August 2015

Review: synthesis and characterization; 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugated Radical Cation Dimerization‐Driven Generation of Supramolecular Architectures
Authors: Chen Lan , Zhang Yun‐Chang , Wang Wei‐Kun , Tian Jia , Zhang Liang , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan‐Wei , Li Zhan‐Ting
Published: August 2015

Review: [32 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advance of Photochromic Diarylethenes‐Containing Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Xiao Chao , Zhao Wei‐Ye , Zhou Da‐Yang , Huang Yan , Tao Ye , Wu Wan‐Hua , Yang Cheng
Published: August 2015

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Drug Delivery Systems Based on Calixarenes
Authors: Zhou Yue , Li Hui , Yang Ying‐Wei
Published: August 2015

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Living on Pyrrolic Foundations — Advances in Natural and Artificial Bioactive Pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Domagala Anna , Jarosz Tomasz , Lapkowski Mieczyslaw
Published: August 2015

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Drug Development of Coumarin Derivatives as Potent Antituberculosis Agents
Authors: Keri Rangappa S. , Sasidhar B. S. , Nagaraja Bhari Mallanna , Santos M. Amelia
Published: August 2015

Review: 103 refs + subrefs.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetaldehyde in Asymmetric Organocatalytic Transformations
Authors: Kumar Manjeet , Kumar Arvind , Rizvi Masood Ahmad , Shah Bhahwal Ali
Published: August 2015

Review: [recent developments in the use of acetaldehyde as substrate in various organo‐catalyzed organic transformations and its application in the synthesis of bioactive molecules; 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enamide Derivatives: Versatile Building Blocks for Total Synthesis
Authors: Courant Thibaut , Dagousset Guillaume , Masson Geraldine
Published: August 2015

Review: [100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Nanoparticle Supports for Asymmetric Catalysts
Authors: Dalpozzo Renato
Published: August 2015

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine‐Catalyzed Oxidative Functionalizations Including Stereoselective Reactions
Authors: Singh Fateh V. , Wirth Thomas
Published: August 2015

Review: [90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synergy, Compatibility, and Innovation: Merging Lewis Acids with Stereoselective Enamine Catalysis
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Mengozzi Luca , Wilson Claire M. , Cozzi Pier Giorgio
Published: August 2015

Review: [73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Engineering Ligands on the Au Center: Discovering Broadly Applicable Gold Catalysis with High Turnover Numbers.
Authors: Inamdar Suleman M. , Patil Nitin T.
Published: August 2015

Review: [7 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fullerene Sugar Balls: A New Class of Biologically Active Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Nierengarten Iwona , Nierengarten Jean‐Francois
Published: August 2015

Review: [49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Organogels Based on Dendrons and Dendrimers
Authors: Feng Yu , He Yan‐Mei , Fan Qing‐Hua
Published: August 2015

Review: [93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlling the Assembly of Cyclotriveratrylene‐Derived Coordination Cages
Authors: Henkelis James J. , Hardie Michaele J.
Published: August 2015

Review: 85 refs + subrefs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts
Authors: Ghaffari‐Moghaddam Mansour , Hadi‐Dabanlou Robabeh , Khajeh Mostafa , Rakhshanipour Mansoureh , Shameli Kamyar
Published: August 2015

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen‐Sensing Methods in Biomedicine from the Macroscale to the Microscale
Authors: Roussakis Emmanuel , Li Zongxi , Nichols Alexander J. , Evans Conor L.
Published: August 2015

Review: 218 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Artificial Light‐Harvesting Arrays for Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Hariman Anthony
Published: August 2015

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Many Roles of Quantum Chemical Predictions in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Authors: Nguyen Quynh Nhu N. , Tantillo Dean J.
Published: August 2015

Review: [26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Newcomer′s Guide to Peptide Crystallography
Authors: Spencer Ryan K. , Nowick James S.
Published: August 2015

Review: [30 refs.
Highly Efficient Synthesis of Arylpyrrole Derivatives via Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Direct CH Arylation with Aryl Boronic Acids
Authors: Wang Liang , Li Zhan , Qu Xing , Peng Wangming
Published: August 2015

An efficient and facile method for synthesis of 2‐arylpyrroles through Rh(III)‐catalyzed direct CH arylation with pyrrole derivatives and aryl boronic acids has been developed. This reaction could proceed under mild reaction conditions and afford a series of 2‐arylated products in good to excellent yields. The gram‐scale experiment has been conducted to demonstrate the synthetic potential of this methodology.
Direct Three‐Component Synthesis of α‐Cyano Acrylates Involving Cascade Knoevenagel Reaction and Esterification
Authors: Jing Yanfeng , Meng Jiaojiao , Liu Yunyun , Wan Jie‐Ping
Published: August 2015

A direct three‐component approach has been developed for the synthesis of α‐cyano acrylates starting from aldehydes, alcohols and α‐cyano acetamide by employing cyanuric chloride as an organocatalyst. A class of structurally diverse α‐cyano acrylates have been provided with good to excellent yields via the cascade transformation of Knoevenagel condensation and amide esterification.
Lipopeptide Nanoparticles: Development of Vaccines against Hookworm Parasite
Authors: Fuaad Abdullah A. H. Ahmad , Pearson Mark S. , Pickering Darren A. , Becker Luke , Zhao Guangzu , Loukas Alex C. , Skwarczynski Mariusz , Toth Istvan
Published: August 2015

Necator americanus (hookworm) infects over half a billion people worldwide. Anthelminthic drugs are commonly used to treat the infection; however, vaccination is a more favorable strategy to combat this parasite. We designed new B‐cell peptide epitopes based on the aspartic protease of N. americanus (Na‐APR‐1). The peptides were conjugated to self‐adjuvanting lipid core peptide (LCP) systems via stepwise solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and copper catalyst azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. The LCP vaccine candidates were able to self‐assemble into nanoparticles, were administered to mice without the use of additional adjuvant, and generated antibodies that recognized the parent epitope. However, only one LCP derivative was able to produce a high titer of antibodies specific to Na‐APR‐1; circular dichroism analyses of this compound showed a β‐sheet conformation for the incorporated epitope. This study provides important insight in epitope and delivery system design for the development of a vaccine against hookworm infections.
Universal radio‐frequency receive‐coil connector: Concept and validation at 3 T
Authors: Feuillet Thomas , Saint‐Jalmes Herve , Seurin Marie‐Jose , Bordelois Alejandro , Beuf Olivier
Published: August 2015

In most clinical magnetic resonance imaging systems, only commercial receive coils with the appropriate connector and encoding can be plugged in. When willing to use a dedicated receive coil for a specific study which cannot be achieved with commercial coils, the researcher faces the connecting issue related to the specificity of the proprietary connector. In this work, a universal device is proposed which allows for the connection of any single channel dedicated coil on any magnetic resonance (MR) system, as long as it is provided with at least one commercial receive coil. Technical feasibility of the universal connecting device was demonstrated on a 3 T MR clinical imager. The device included an independent active decoupling circuit while signal transmission to the data cabinet was achieved by electromagnetic coupling with a commercial receive coil plugged to the MR device. The universal connecting device was notably characterized in terms of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and compared to the standard connection. Image SNR was comparable using both means of connection. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 45B: 125–133, 2015
Ga+Basicity and Affinity Scales Based on High‐Level Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Brea Oriana , Mó Otilia , Yáñez Manuel
Published: August 2015

The structure, relative stability and bonding of complexes formed by the interaction between Ga+and a large set of compounds, including hydrocarbons, aromatic systems, and oxygen‐, nitrogen‐, fluorine and sulfur‐containing Lewis bases have been investigated through the use of the high‐level composite ab initio Gaussian‐4 theory. This allowed us to establish rather accurate Ga+cation affinity (GaCA) and Ga+cation basicity (GaCB) scales. The bonding analysis of the complexes under scrutiny shows that, even though one of the main ingredients of the Ga+‐base interaction is electrostatic, it exhibits a non‐negligible covalent character triggered by the presence of the low‐lying empty 4p orbital of Ga+, which favors a charge donation from occupied orbitals of the base to the metal ion. This partial covalent character, also observed in AlCA scales, is behind the dissimilarities observed when GaCA are compared with Li+cation affinities, where these covalent contributions are practically nonexistent. Quite unexpectedly, there are some dissimilarities between several Ga+‐complexes and the corresponding Al+‐analogues, mainly affecting the relative stability of π‐complexes involving aromatic compounds.
BAC transgenic zebrafish reveal hypothalamic enhancer activity around obesity associated SNP rs9939609 within the human FTO gene
Authors: Rinkwitz Silke , Geng Fan‐Suo , Manning Elizabeth , Suster Maximiliano , Kawakami Koichi , Becker Thomas S.
Published: August 2015

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in FTO intron 1 have been associated with obesity risk, leading to the hypothesis that FTO is the obesity‐related gene. However, other studies have shown that the FTO gene is part of the regulatory domain of the neighboring IRX3 gene and that enhancers in FTO intron 1 regulate IRX3. While Irx3 activity was shown to be necessary in the hypothalamus for the metabolic function of Irx3 in mouse, no enhancers with hypothalamic activity have been demonstrated in the risk‐associated region within FTO. In order to identify potential enhancers at the human FTO locus in vivo, we tested regulatory activity in FTO intron 1 using BAC transgenesis in zebrafish. A minimal gata2 promoter‐GFP cassette was inserted 1.3 kb upstream of the obesity associated SNP rs9939609 in a human FTO BAC plasmid. In addition to the previously identified expression domains in notochord and kidney, human FTO BAC:GFP transgenic zebrafish larvae expressed GFP in the ventral posterior tuberculum, the posterior hypothalamus and the anterior brainstem, which are also expression domains of zebrafish irx3a. In contrast, an in‐frame insertion of a GFP cassette at the FTO start codon resulted in weak ubiquitous GFP expression indicating that the promoter of FTO does likely not react to enhancers located in the obesity risk‐associated region. genesis 53:640–651, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. genesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insect responses to host plant provision beyond natural boundaries: latitudinal and altitudinal variation in a Chinese fig wasp community
Authors: Wang Rong , Compton Stephen G. , Quinnell Rupert J. , Peng Yan‐Qiong , Barwell Louise , Chen Yan
Published: August 2015

Many plants are grown outside their natural ranges. Plantings adjacent to native ranges provide an opportunity to monitor community assembly among associated insects and their parasitoids in novel environments, to determine whether gradients in species richness emerge and to examine their consequences for host plant reproductive success. We recorded the fig wasps (Chalcidoidea) associated with a single plant resource (ovules of Ficus microcarpa) along a 1200 km transect in southwest China that extended for 1000 km beyond the tree's natural northern range margin. The fig wasps included the tree's agaonid pollinator and other species that feed on the ovules or are their parasitoids. Phytophagous fig wasps (12 species) were more numerous than parasitoids (nine species). The proportion of figs occupied by fig wasps declined with increasing latitude, as did the proportion of utilized ovules in occupied figs. Species richness, diversity, and abundance of fig wasps also significantly changed along both latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. Parasitoids declined more steeply with latitude than phytophages. Seed production declined beyond the natural northern range margin, and at high elevation, because pollinator fig wasps became rare or absent. This suggests that pollinator climatic tolerances helped limit the tree's natural distribution, although competition with another species may have excluded pollinators at the highest altitude site. Isolation by distance may prevent colonization of northern sites by some fig wasps and act in combination with direct and host‐mediated climatic effects to generate gradients in community composition, with parasitoids inherently more sensitive because of declines in the abundance of potential hosts.
Effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the nutritional quality of some selected Nigerian soups
Authors: Raji Akeem Olayemi , Akinoso Rahman , Raji Monsurat Oyewale
Published: August 2015

Freezing and thawing are heat transfer processes, involving chemical changes which may greatly affect product quality. Due to sparse literature on freeze–thawed cycles and its effects on soups quality, the effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the nutritional quality of selected Nigerian soups has to be investigated. Soups (Ila, Ewedu, Ogbono, and Kuka) were prepared using standard recipes. The soups were packaged in plastic and aluminum containers, frozen at −20°C, and thawed with microwave oven, hot water (100°C), and at ambient condition for four cycles of 5‐day interval. After each cycle, chemical compositions of the samples were determined using AOAC methods. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at P = 0.05. Moisture, protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, and carbohydrate contents of the freeze–thawed soups were 63.6–88.6%, 3.6–8.8%, 1.0–6.1%, 0.8–1.2%, 1.8–4.6%, and 0.9–15.6%, respectively. Mineral contents were iron (5.0–6.8 mg/100 g), calcium (68.1–190.8 mg/100 g), sodium (144.4–231.7 mg/100 g), potassium (200.4–302.1 mg/100 g), and phosphorus (228.0–337.2 mg/100 g). Vitamins were vitamin A (29.5–59.9 mg/100 g), vitamin B (10.1–36.4 mg/100 g), and vitamin E (28.4–90.2 mg/100 g). Microwave‐thawed plastic soups had limited nutritional losses when compared with other thawing methods, and should not be extended beyond the third cycle because of increasing reduction in fat and protein, indicating deterioration.
The Impact of a Premium‐Based Tick Size on Equity Option Liquidity
Authors: Verousis Thanos , ap Gwilym Owain , Voukelatos Nikolaos
Published: August 2015

On June 2, 2009, NYSE LIFFE Amsterdam reduced the tick size for options trading at prices below € 0.20 from € 0.05 to € 0.01 and on April 1, 2010, the exchange increased the price threshold to € 0.50. We study the effect of that tick size reduction on the liquidity of individual equity options. In this respect, this study is uniquely positioned in the options context where moneyness is a clear additional factor in the implementation of the tick size changes. We show that, in general, quoted and traded option liquidity increased but at a rate decreasing with option moneyness. Real costs fell more for the lower priced contracts. Importantly, we show that the ability of the market to absorb larger trades has potentially diminished after the change in the tick size. We document a substantial increase in quote revisions which implies an increase in price competition and, as a result, an improvement in market quality. Finally, the decrease in the tick size led to an increase in hedging activity using deep‐out‐of‐the‐money puts. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:397–417, 2016
Resting state in Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies: commonalities and differences
Authors: Peraza Luis R. , Colloby Sean J. , Firbank Michael J. , Greasy G. Shirmin , McKeith Ian G. , Kaiser Marcus , O'Brien John , Taylor John‐Paul
Published: August 2015

Objective

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) are two dementias with overlapping phenotypes. Clinically, these are differentiated by the one‐year precedence rule between the onset of dementia with respect to Parkinsonism. In this report we aimed to find differences between DLB and PDD in functional connectivity (FC) using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, which we hypothesised would reflect the underlying pathological differences between DLB and PDD.

Methods

The study cohort comprised of 18 patients with DLB, 12 with PDD and 17 healthy control (HC) groups. Eight cortical and four subcortical seeds were chosen, and time series extracted to estimate correlation maps. We also implemented a voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis to assess regional grey matter differences. FC analysis was corrected for age, sex and regional grey matter differences.

Results

The FC analysis showed greater alterations in DLB than in PDD for seeds placed within the fronto‐parietal network (FPN), whilst in contrast, for the supplementary motor area seed FC alterations were more apparent in PDD than in DLB. However, when comparing DLB and PDD, no significant differences were found. In addition, VBM analysis revealed greater atrophy in PDD than HC and DLB in the bilateral motor cortices and precuneus respectively.

Conclusions

PDD and DLB demonstrate similar FC alterations in the brain. However, attention‐ and motor‐related seeds revealed subtle differences between both conditions when compared with HC, which may relate to the neuropathology and chronological precedence of core symptoms in the Lewy body dementias. © 2015 The Authors International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Obesity and perioperative complications in head and neck free tissue reconstruction
Authors: de la Garza Gabriel , Militsakh Oleg , Panwar Aru , Galloway Tabitha L. , Jorgensen Jeffrey B. , Ledgerwood Levi G. , Kaiser Katelyn , Kitzerow Collin , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Neumann Colin A. , Khariwala Samir S. , Chad Spanos W. , Pagedar Nitin A.
Published: August 2015

Background

Free tissue transfer is a mainstay in reconstruction of complex head and neck defects. The purpose of this study was to determine if perioperative complications were more common in patients with body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 undergoing free flap reconstruction.

Methods

A multi‐institutional retrospective cohort was created. Medical complications, surgical complications, and procedural variables were recorded. Logistic regression was used to investigate univariate and multivariate associations between outcomes and predictors.

Results

Of 582 cases, 128 patients (22%) had BMI >30. Surgical complications occurred in 153 cases (26.3%), with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for association of surgical complications with BMI >30 of 0.92 (p = .71). Medical complications occurred in 178 cases (30.6%), with an adjusted OR of 0.78 (p = .26). Age and advanced comorbidity status (Adult Comorbidity Evaluation‐27 [ACE‐27] 2 or 3) were associated with medical complications (p < .0001).

Conclusion

BMI >30 does not predict medical or surgical complications in patients undergoing head and neck free flap surgery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1188–E1191, 2016
Institution‐specific risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma in atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance
Authors: Bernstein Jonathan M. , Shah Manish , MacMillan Christina , Freeman Jeremy L.
Published: August 2015

Background

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) is used in surgical decision‐making according to malignancy risk in each category. Malignancy risk in atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) is estimated in BSRTC to be 5% to 15%, but institutional data have varied widely.

Methods

We conducted a post‐BSRTC 4‐year retrospective analysis of index thyroid nodule cytology and histopathology in an academic head and neck endocrine surgery setting.

Results

Of 2939 thyroid cytology reports from 1944 patients, the most advanced BSRTC category was AUS/FLUS in 233 patients (12.0%) of which 187 went to thyroidectomy. In AUS/FLUS, the upper and lower boundary estimates of the malignancy rate were 46% and 37%, accordingly. The malignancy rate did not vary significantly by cytopathologist or cytopathologic features.

Conclusion

Malignancy rates in AUS/FLUS vary by institution from 6% to 46%. Given the subjective nature of thyroid cytopathology and interpretation of the BSRTC categories, guidelines should encourage the use of institution‐specific data on malignancy risk in treatment decisions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1210–E1215, 2016
Agricultural and forested land use impacts on floodplain shallow groundwater temperature regime
Authors: Kellner Elliott , Hubbart Jason
Published: August 2015

Given the importance of groundwater temperature to the biogeochemical health of aquatic ecosystems, a floodplain study was implemented to improve understanding of rural land use impacts on shallow groundwater (SGW) temperature. Study sites included a historic agricultural field (Ag) and bottomland hardwood forest (BHF), each with nine piezometers in an 80 × 80 m grid. Piezometers were equipped with pressure transducers to monitor SGW temperature and level at 30 min intervals during the 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 water years. The study is one of the first to utilize long‐term, continuous, automated, in situ monitoring to investigate rural land use impacts on shallow groundwater temperatures. Average SGW temperature during the study period was 11.1 and 11.2 °C at the Ag and BHF sites, respectively. However, temperature range at the Ag site was 72% greater than at the BHF site. Results indicate a greater responsiveness to seasonal climate fluctuations in Ag site SGW temperature related to absence of forest canopy. Patterns of intra‐site groundwater temperature differences at both study sites illustrate the influence of stream–aquifer thermal conduction and occasional baseflow reversals. Considering similar surface soil temperature amplitudes and low average groundwater flow values at both sites, results suggest that contrasting rates of plant water use, groundwater recharge, and subsurface hydraulic conductivity are likely mechanistic causes for the observed SGW temperature differences. Results highlight the long‐term impact of forest removal on subsurface hydrology and groundwater temperature regime. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Function and diagnostic value of Anosmin‐1 in gastric cancer progression
Authors: Kanda Mitsuro , Shimizu Dai , Fujii Tsutomu , Sueoka Satoshi , Tanaka Yuri , Ezaka Kazuhiro , Takami Hideki , Tanaka Haruyoshi , Hashimoto Ryoji , Iwata Naoki , Kobayashi Daisuke , Tanaka Chie , Yamada Suguru , Nakayama Goro , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Koike Masahiko , Fujiwara Michitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro
Published: August 2015

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major global health problem that urgently requires novel molecular biomarkers for patient stratification as well as therapeutic targets. Anosmin‐1 (ANOS1) gene encodes a cell adhesion molecule that plays diverse roles in multiple malignancies. We performed global expression profiling of GC cell lines and small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments to determine the effect of ANOS1 expression on phenotype. We evaluated the association of ANOS1 mRNA and protein levels in patients’ tissue and sera with clinicopathological factors of GC subtypes. Differential expression of ANOS1 mRNA by GC cell lines correlated positively to levels of ITGAV, FOXC2 and NODAL mRNAs and inversely with those of TFPI2. Inhibiting ANOS1 expression decreased the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells. The mean level of ANOS1 mRNA was significantly higher in 237 GC tissues compared with the corresponding noncancerous adjacent tissues. Elevated ANOS1 levels associated significantly with the phenotypes of GC, shorter disease‐free and overall survival. ANOS1 expression was a more significant prognostic marker for diffuse and distal nondiffuse GC. ANOS1 concentrations in sera increased sequentially in sera of healthy subjects, localized GC and disseminated GCs. Prognosis was worse for patients with preoperative serum ANOS1 ≥600 pg/ml compared with those with <600 pg/ml. ANOS1 may represent a biomarker for GC phenotypes and as a target for therapy.
Osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells on PDLLA + BMP‐2‐coated titanium alloy surfaces
Authors: Haversath Marcel , Hülsen Tobias , Böge Carolin , Tassemeier Tjark , Landgraeber Stefan , Herten Monika , Warwas Sebastian , Krauspe Rüdiger , Jäger Marcus
Published: August 2015

RhBMP‐2 is clinically applied to enhance bone healing and used in combination with titanium fixation implants. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of hMSC on native polished versus sandblasted titanium surfaces (TS) and to test their behavior on pure poly‐D,L‐lactide (PDLLA) coated as well as PDLLA + rhBMP‐2 coated TS. Furthermore, the release kinetics of PDLLA + rhBMP‐2‐coated TS was investigated. Human bone marrow cells were obtained from three different donors (A: male, 16 yrs; B: male, 27 yrs, C: male, 49 yrs) followed by density gradient centrifugation and flow cytometry with defined antigens. The cells were seeded on native polished and sandblasted TS, PDLLA‐coated TS and PDLLA + rhBMP‐2‐coated TS. Osteogenic differentiation (ALP specific activity via ALP and BCA assay) and proliferation (LDH cytotoxicity assay) was examined on day 7 and 14 and release kinetics of rhBMP‐2 was investigated on day 3, 7, 10, and 14. We found significant higher ALP specific activity and LDH activity on native polished compared to native sandblasted surfaces. PDLLA led to decreased ALP specific and LDH activity on both surface finishes. Additional rhBMP‐2 slightly diminished this effect. RhBMP‐2‐release from coated TS decreased nearly exponentially with highest concentrations at the beginning of the cultivation period. The results of this in vitro study suggest that native TS stimulate hMSC significantly stronger toward osteogenic differentiation and proliferation than rhBMP‐2 + PDLLA‐layered TS in the first 14 days of cultivation. The PDLLA‐layer seems to inhibit local hMSC differentiation and proliferation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 145–154, 2016.
Combination of three angiogenic growth factors has synergistic effects on sprouting of endothelial cell/mesenchymal stem cell‐based spheroids in a 3D matrix
Authors: Kim Sook Kyoung , Lee Jaeyeon , Song Myeongjin , Kim Mirim , Hwang Soon Jung , Jang Hwanseok , Park Yongdoo
Published: August 2015

Combinations of angiogenic growth factors have been shown to have synergistic effects on angiogenesis and natural wound healing in various animal models. Each growth factor has unique roles during angiogenesis; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role during the initial step of angiogenesis, whereas PDGF functions in the maturation of blood vessels. We used a combination of three angiogenic growth factors to increase angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We chose VEGF as a basic factor and added platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to induce angiogenesis in three in vitro and in vivo models: 3D angiogenesis assay, 3D co‐culture, and matrigel plug implantation assay. Cell proliferation was significantly higher in co‐cultured cells treated with PDGF + VEGF + FGF than in the control, single, or dual combination groups. mRNA expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and CD105 was higher in the triple group (PDGF + VEGF + FGF) than in control, single, or dual combination groups. In the PDGF + VEGF + FGF group, the length and number of branches of spheroids was also significantly higher than in the control, single, or dual combination groups. Furthermore, in a nude mouse model, α‐SMA expression was significantly higher in the PDGF + VEGF + FGF group than in other groups. In conclusion, the addition of PDGF and FGF to VEGF showed synergistic effects on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1535–1543, 2016.
MEASURING RESILIENCE AND ITS ASSOCIATION TO SOCIAL CAPITAL AMONG HIV‐POSITIVE SOUTH AFRICANS LIVING IN A CONTEXT OF ADVERSITY
Authors: Dageid Wenche , Grønlie Anette Arnesen
Published: August 2015

The resilience concept encompasses dispositional attributes as well as different forms of social and external support. Cognitive and structural aspects of social support systems in a given context can be described as social capital. In this study, we explored the relationship between resilience and social capital in 265 HIV‐positive South Africans living in a context of adversity. Data were collected using the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) and a social capital questionnaire. The RSA showed good overall reliability (α = .81), but the subscales were only partially replicated. Resilience was best predicted by the demographic variables household income, education, self‐reported health, marital status, and area of living; however, cognitive social capital in the form of bonding and bridging trust, norms of reciprocity, and social cohesion also predicted resilience. Access to basic resources, perceived good, close networks, and social norms contributed to resilience in this study.
‘LONESOME TOWN’? IS LONELINESS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT, INCLUDING HOUSING AND NEIGHBORHOOD FACTORS?
Authors: Kearns Ade , Whitley Elise , Tannahill Carol , Ellaway Anne
Published: August 2015

This article considers whether feelings of loneliness are associated with aspects of the home and neighborhood of residence. Multinominal logistic regression models were used to explore associations between residential environment and loneliness in 4,000 residents across deprived areas of Glasgow. People who rated their neighborhood environment of higher quality and who used more local amenities were less likely to report loneliness. Respondents who knew more people within the local area were less likely to report loneliness. Those who reported more antisocial behavior problems, who had a weak perception of collective efficacy, and who felt unsafe walking alone at nighttime were more likely to report loneliness. Length of residence and dwelling type were not associated with reported loneliness. The findings indicate the potential importance of several dimensions of the neighborhood physical, service, and social environment, including aspects of both quality and trust, in protecting against or reducing loneliness in deprived areas.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE ROLE OF MENTORING IN THE ACCULTURATION OF LATINO/A YOUTH
Authors: Liao Lynn C. , Sánchez Bernadette
Published: August 2015

For youth from immigrant families, acculturation is an important process that impacts their overall developmental outcomes, which could have implications for mentoring models. In this cross‐sectional study, we explore the relationship between mentoring and acculturation using a sample of 140 urban, low‐income, Latino/a high school seniors. We explore the associations between various mentoring variables and acculturation variables. Overall, the results did not yield significant associations between mentoring and acculturation. However, having more mentors did indicate a higher familiarity with Latino/a culture and more frequent contact predicted a higher value of respeto. Also, having at least one cross‐race mentor predicted less perceived discrimination, which may indicate that having cross‐race mentors resulted in lower scores or that youth who perceive less discrimination tend to seek out more cross‐race mentors. These findings inform how mentoring programs and other interventions can be adapted to serve young immigrants in the United States.
BUILDING FUTURE COMMUNITIES: STRENGTHENING RELATIONAL BONDS FOR A POSITIVE FUTURE
Authors: de Melo Ana Teixeira , Alarcão Madalena
Published: August 2015

Communities play a special role in the development of families and their children. Community‐based family support is recognized as an efficient and respectful way of helping families with complex lives. Researchers who strive to produce and share relevant knowledge with them should be concerned with the development, implementation, and assessment of these programs as well as working with the community itself to build the knowledge‐guiding program development and community action. In this brief report, the authors report the process and results of 4 collaborative community reflection meetings aimed at strengthening and promoting the positive development of the families and children in the communities. We present the results of a qualitative analysis aimed at describing the communities’ preferred future and identifying the processes leading to them. The authors present an emergent prototheory and discuss its implications for practice and future research.
BRIEF INSTRUMENTAL SCHOOL‐BASED MENTORING FOR FIRST‐ AND SECOND‐YEAR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS: A RANDOMIZED EVALUATION
Authors: McQuillin Samuel , Strait Gerald , Smith Bradley , Ingram Alexandra
Published: August 2015

A limitation of school‐based mentoring (SBM) is the lack of structured, evidence‐based practices in mentoring sessions that explicitly target school‐relevant outcomes, such as academic performance and school behavior. To address this concern, we developed and experimentally evaluated a brief SBM program based on practices adapted from evidence‐based counseling and academic interventions with the goal of improving the academic and behavioral performance of middle school students. The results indicate that students randomly assigned to instrumental SBM with an average of 8 sessions over a 2.5 month period (N = 74) showed better math grades, reduced school behavioral office referrals, and increased life satisfaction when compared to students randomly assigned to the control group (N = 60). Tentatively, our results suggest that SBM programs may benefit from the incorporation of instrumental elements based on evidence‐based practices.
Utilization of 2(3H)‐Furanone Bearing a Pyrazolyl Side Chain for the Construction of a Variety of Thiazolidinone Derivatives
Authors: Abou‐Elmagd Wael S. I. , Hashem Ahmed I.
Published: August 2015

2(3H)‐Furanone 1 was utilized for the construction of thiazolidinone derivatives. Thus, upon treatment the cyano derivatives 5 with thioglycolic acid afforded the thiazolidinone derivatives 6. Reaction of the Schiff base derivative 9 with thioglycolic acid gave the thiazolidinone derivative 10. Decomposition of the azides 11 in dry benzene in the presence of thioglycolic acid gave the thiazolidindione derivative 12. Antimicrobial activities of synthesized compounds were tested. Some of the tested compounds showed promising activities.
Redox Amination Scope of Benzylic Ketones with Indoline: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Aydin Omer , Kilic Haydar , Bayindir Sinan , Erdogan Esra , Saracoglu Nurullah
Published: August 2015

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O‐Catalyzed redox amination scope and mechanistic insights of benzylic ketones with indoline are discussed. The experimental results demonstrate that the formation of N‐alkyl‐substituted indole/indoline derivatives over typically competitive redox and reductive amination processes is depending upon the reaction condition for the benzylic ketones.
Synthesis and Anti‐inflammatory Screening of Some Mono and Bis‐Alkoxyphthalimide Linked Benzimidazole and their Quinazoline and Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Prajapat Prakash , Talesara Ganpat L.
Published: August 2015

In the present study, synthesis of some nonsymmetrical 2‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐ylamino)‐7,7‐dimethyl‐7,8‐dihydroquinazolin‐5(6H)‐one (3) and substituted‐(1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)amino‐pyrimidine derivatives (4a, 4b, 4c and 5a, 5b) is described as a three‐component reaction of 2‐guanidinobenzimidazole (2) with triethyl orthoformate and different reactive methylene compounds. Subsequent condensation of compounds 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, and 5a, 5b with bromoethoxyphthalimide (1) gave final compounds 6, 7a, 7b, 7c, and 8a, 8b. Synthesized final compounds have been screened for their in‐vivo anti‐inflammatory activity against carrageenan‐induced paw edema in albino rats. Diclofenac was used as standard anti‐inflammatory agents. Some of the compounds exhibited significant anti‐inflammatory activity, as compared to standard drug. Structures of synthesized compounds have been confirmed on the basis of chemical tests and spectral studies.
Modification of hippocampal excitability in brain slices pretreated with a low nanomolar concentration of Zn2+
Authors: Takeda Atsushi , Shakushi Yukina , Tamano Haruna
Published: August 2015

Synaptic Zn2+ homeostasis may be changed during brain slice preparation. However, much less attention has been paid to Zn2+ in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) used for slice experiments than has been paid to Ca2+. The present study assesses addition of Zn2+ to ACSF, focused on hippocampal excitability after acute brain slice preparation. When the static levels of intracellular Zn2+ and Ca2+ were compared between brain slices prepared with conventional ACSF without Zn2+ and those pretreated with ACSF containing 20 nM ZnCl2 for 1 hr, both levels were almost the same. On the other hand, intracellular Ca2+ levels were significantly increased in the stratum lucidum of the control brain slices after stimulation with high K+, although the increase was significantly suppressed by the pretreatment with ACSF containing Zn2+, suggesting that neuronal excitation is enhanced in brain slices prepared with ACSF without Zn2+. The increase in extracellular Zn2+ level, an index of glutamate release, after stimulation with high K+ was also significantly suppressed by pretreatment with ACSF containing Zn2+. When mossy fiber excitation was assessed in brain slices with FM4‐64, an indicator of presynaptic activity, attenuation of FM 4‐64 fluorescence based on presynaptic activity was suppressed in the stratum lucidum of brain slices pretreated with ACSF containing Zn2+. The present study indicates that hippocampal excitability is enhanced in brain slices prepared with ACSF without Zn2+. It is likely that a low nanomolar concentration of Zn2+ is necessary for ACSF. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homogenization of surface temperature data in High Mountain Asia through comparison of reanalysis data and station observations
Authors: Song Chunqiao , Ke Linghong , Richards Keith S , Cui Yuanzheng
Published: August 2015

High‐quality temperature estimates with good spatio‐temporal coverage are necessary for completely understanding the influences of warming climate on cryosphere and hydrological systems in High Mountain Asia (HMA). In this study, we compare reanalysis temperature data from ERA‐Interim and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) with station observations in HMA during 1979–2011. The results indicate that although reanalysis temperature data can capture the warming trends in HMA, the trend magnitudes are clearly underestimated by reanalysis data. In particular, the increase in summer temperature cannot be identified from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. For ERA‐Interim, temperature increases are underestimated in the north and northwest of HMA; for NCEP/NCAR, the warming magnitudes show evident biases in the Pamir, Himalayas, and southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Considering that high‐frequency signals and periodical fluctuations among the three datasets are in good agreement, and based on the wavelet transform method, the low‐frequency component decomposed from the temperature time series of ERA‐Interim and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses is adjusted by that derived from station observations. The resulting homogenized reanalysis temperature data show much better spatio‐temporal consistency with station data. The differences in monthly and annual temperature anomalies between station and homogenized ERA‐Interim and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data become more convergent. The homogenized temperature time series are better correlated with station data at annual and seasonal timescales.
Self‐Assembly of a Multifunctional Lipid With Core–Shell Dendrimer DNA Nanoparticles Enhanced Efficient Gene Delivery at Low Charge Ratios into RPE Cells
Authors: Sun Da , Maeno Hiroshi , Gujrati Maneesh , Schur Rebecca , Maeda Akiko , Maeda Tadao , Palczewski Krzysztof , Lu Zheng‐Rong
Published: August 2015

Development of safe and effective gene delivery systems is essential in treating ocular genetic disorders. A hybrid nonviral system composed of a multifunctional lipid ECO and a G4 nanoglobule was designed for efficient gene delivery into RPE cells at low charge ratios. This system formed stable DNA nanoparticles at low N/P ratios, exhibited low cytotoxicity, and induced higher GFP expression in ARPE‐19 cells at N/P = 6. The hybrid nanoparticles mediated significant reporter gene GFP expression ex‐vivo in the retina from wild type C57 mice and in vivo in BALB/c mice. These hybrid nanoparticles are promising for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery at low charge ratios.
Ermittlung von Verfahrensgrenzen für das Fügen durch Knickbauchen anhand des Werkstoffes E235+N
Authors: Viehweger B. , Sviridov A. , Grützner P. , Behrens B.‐A. , Bouguecha A. , Almohallami A.
Published: August 2015

Durch eine systematische Vorgehensweise und den konsequenten Abgleich der Ergebnisse aus experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen konnte zunächst ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis für die beim Knickbauchen wirksamen Mechanismen entwickelt und daraus abgeleitete Verfahrensgrenzen ermittelt und in Form eines Arbeitsdiagrammes für den Werkstoff E235+N dargestellt werden. Im Hinblick auf eine breite industrielle Nutzung des Knickbauchens als Fügeverfahren wurde außerdem eine sowohl aus technologischer als auch aus fertigungstechnischer und wirtschaftlicher Sichtweise geeignete Methode entwickelt und anhand praktischer und numerischer Versuche validiert.