bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementación de un Sistema de Información Geográfica, SIG, en el Centro Experimental de Investigación y Producción Amazónica-Ceipa de la Universidad Estatal Amazónica
Authors: Vera Santi Lizbeth Estefanía , Villarroel Córdova Fernando Javier , Macias Bazurto Liceth Monserrate , Vera Santi Diana Carolina , Leones-Zambrano Welington Paul
Published: August 2024

El CEIPA, como centro de investigación y producción, juega un papel crucial en el desarrollo socioeconómico y la conservación del medio ambiente amazónico, la implementación de un SIG proporciona múltiples beneficios como la Gestión de Recursos Naturales, apoyo a la Investigación Científica, Planificación Territorial, Desarrollo Sostenible, Respuesta ante Emergencias de Cambio Climático y la Colaboración Interdisciplinaria. El objeto de este proyecto fue generar una herramienta para mejorar el manejo, conservación y administración del Centro de investigación y producción amazónica –CEIPA de la Universidad Estatal Amazónica. Con este propósito se implementó un sistema de información geográfica, un SIG bien implementado no solo mejora la eficiencia de la investigación científica, sino que también fortalece la capacidad de la institución para tomar decisiones informadas en beneficio del ecosistema y las comunidades locales. Como modelo metodológico. El SIG en el Centro Experimental de Investigación y Producción Amazónica utilizó una base de datos relacional, desarrollada con el software ARCMAP 10.5 y Microsoft excel 2016 compatible con los SIG utilizados para estación de trabajo. Los datos espaciales accesados a la base de datos fueron los de topografía, hidrología, zonas de vida Holdridge, geología, limite, frentes, zonificación con fines de manejo, precipitación, ocupación indígena, veredas y corregimientos; los cuales contaron con información administrativo, socioeconómico y físico entre otros, este proyecto no solo mejora la capacidad del CEIPA para manejar sus recursos, sino que también fortalece su papel como líder en la investigación y conservación del ecosistema amazónico promoviendo una gestión más efectiva y sostenible de esta región invaluable.
Determinación de Indicadores de Satisfacción al Cliente a Través de una Aplicación de Escritorio en las PyMES del Sector Restaurantero de Tlatlauquitepec
Authors: Hernández Méndez Claudia , Sánchez Garcia Adán
Published: August 2024

En el tiempo actual en el que la industria restaurantera ha sufrido diferentes transformaciones, la satisfacción al cliente emerge como un componente esencial para alcanzar el éxito y lograr la sostenibilidad de los establecimientos. La experiencia gastronómica no se limita tan solo a la calidad de los platillos, abarca la gran amplitud de servicios ofrecidos, la atmósfera del espacio que ocupan, así como la interacción con el personal. La presente investigación se enfoca en la evaluación exhaustiva de la satisfacción del cliente a través del servicio de los restaurantes, buscando identificar los indicadores que den forma a esta propuesta. A través de un enfoque multidimensional, este trabajo aspira a proporcionar una visión integral de los factores que intervienen de forma directa en satisfacer a los clientes. Tomando en cuenta desde la calidad de los alimentos hasta la eficiencia del servicio, examinando las áreas que influyen en la percepción del cliente, trayendo consigo la decisión de retornar, así como de recomendar el establecimiento. Esta investigación no solo pretende identificar áreas de mejora para las empresas gastronómicas, sino también contribuir al desarrollo de una aplicación que favorezca la relación entre los restaurantes y los comensales.
Currículo Intercultural Transformador de Prácticas Educativas Mediante Ritmos, Cantos y Sonoridades Tradicionales, Identidad Ancestral y Resiliencia Educativa de Básica Primaria en Quibdó – Colombia
Authors: Rentería Rentería Carmen Inés , Herrera Jara Leidy Esmeralda
Published: August 2024

Valorar las expresiones culturales amparándose en las políticas públicas educativas que conciben la educación como un derecho fundamental con función social, posibilita el cambio de paradigmas hacia una educación contextualizada que busca la implementación y aplicación de un currículo educativo intercultural y transversal, siendo para esta propuesta investigativa doctoral pilar fundamental hacia el alcance de sus objetivos. Este informe se enfoca en desarrollar el currículo intercultural transformador de prácticas educativas en los grados quintos de la institución Rogerio Velásquez Murillo para fortalecer la identidad ancestral y la resiliencia educativa en la región. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, con enfoque histórico hermenéutico y un método etnográfico, que permite comprender hechos y fenómenos contextualizados. La investigación se centra en experiencias pedagógicas interculturales, prácticas tradicionales propias, implementación del currículo intercultural, identificación y caracterización de las músicas tradicionales del Chocó, estableciendo criterios para la resiliencia y reducción de la deserción escolar. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante diversas técnicas, encuestas, entrevistas y la observación directa. Como resultado se alcanzó el propósito de la propuesta mejorando la práctica pedagógica e implementación de los cambios necesarios hacia un currículo intercultural integrado con expresiones culturales propias, costumbres, sentido identitario étnico integrados a los diferentes saberes académicos.
Impacto del Uso de Flutter en el Rendimiento Académico de Estudiantes de un Instituto Tecnológico
Authors: Guaman Garcia Alberto Gabriel , Luna Bravo Bryan Darwin , Vaca Escobar Patricio Neptali
Published: August 2024

Este estudio investiga el impacto del uso de Flutter en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de un instituto tecnológico. Se utilizó un diseño experimental con una muestra de 150 estudiantes de diversas carreras tecnológicas, divididos en un grupo experimental que usó Flutter y un grupo control con métodos tradicionales. Los resultados mostraron que el uso de Flutter mejoró significativamente el rendimiento académico, la satisfacción y la participación de los estudiantes. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones importantes para el desarrollo de programas educativos y políticas institucionales.
Análisis Crítico de los Delitos Forestales en el Nuevo Código Penal de Honduras, Centroamérica
Authors: Meléndez Moncada María Magdalena
Published: August 2024

En Honduras, en el año 2019 se derogaron en su totalidad los delitos forestales enunciados en la Ley forestal, y una parte de los mismos fueron trasladados de manera similar o diferente a un nuevo código penal que actualmente contiene un apartado especial para los delitos ambientales que incluyen los que tienen que ver directamente con el sector forestal. En el presente artículo se ha realizado un análisis crítico de los delitos forestales establecidos en el articulado del decreto 130-2017 que contiene el Código penal vigente en Honduras, describiendo cada uno de los artículos, haciendo referencia sobre la adecuación de la descripción del tipo penal a la práctica y al cambio en el mundo actual globalizado. La metodología utilizada es a través del método descriptivo y analítico, obteniendo como resultado una descripción exhaustiva y cualitativa de los artículos relacionados al tema, haciendo conjeturas sobre la realidad práctica, concluyendo que al no considerar algunas acciones como delito, se tendrán que resolver por la vía administrativa, lo que implica un fortalecimiento del departamento legal de la Administración Forestal del Estado, que se traduce en una ampliación significativa de recursos económicos para llevar a cabo este cometido.
La Inteligencia Artificial como Recurso Educativo en Educación Superior: Perspectivas Éticas sobre su Uso
Authors: Castillo Pindo Bethy Margot Castillo Pindo , Calderón Aguirre Alexander Jhasmany , Humanante Endara Manuel Gustavo , Chang Dávila Carlos Fernando , Ojeda Aguirre Juan Carlos
Published: August 2024

El presente artículo analiza la utilización de la inteligencia artificial (IA) como recurso educativo en instituciones de educación superior prestando atención primordial al problema que radica en la falta de comprensión y consenso sobre las implicaciones éticas y los desafíos asociados al uso de la IA en la educación superior. Este estudio es de alcance exploratorio con un enfoque cualitativo, se emplea un método teórico analitico-sintetico para el analisis de la información recolectada. La población considera fueron tres bases de datos: Dialnet, Redalyc y Scielo, con las cuales se llevó a cabo la revision documental. Entre los principales reultados se tiene 79 documentos analizados a partir de los cuales se realiza un analisis de los diferentes usos que se da a la IA, y aspectos éticos como el acceso a la IA, la privacidad y el manejo de los datos de los estudiantes, la automatización de la evaluación y la enseñanza, así como la posible deshumanización del proceso educativo. En conclusión, realizar un análisis de las implicaciones éticas del uso de la IA en la educación formal e informal es imprescindible para no sobred depender de estas tecnologias ni deshumanizar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Family Empowerment in Efforts to Reduce Stunting in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Jeddawi Murtir , Nain Umar , Ibrahim Suaib
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to identify and analyze effective family empowerment strategies in an effort to reduce stunting rates in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. This research uses an exploratory qualitative method. The research results show that empowerment strategies that increase parents' knowledge and skills about nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, hygiene and sanitation can be effective in reducing stunting and improving children's overall welfare. To reduce the stunting rate in Bone Regency, family empowerment is the main key. This includes understanding stunting, healthy nutrition practices, and optimal childcare.
Study Design and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of a Triple Combination of Ezetimibe, Fenofibrate, and Moderate-Intensity Statin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors (ENSEMBLE)
Authors: Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Juneyoung , Chon Suk , Yu Jae Myung , Jeong In-Kyung , Lim Soo , Kim Won Jun , Song Keeho , Cho Ho Chan , Yu Hea Min , Kim Kyoung-Ah , Kim Sang Soo , Lee Soon Hee , Kim Chong Hwa , Kwak Soo Heon , Lee Yong‐ho , Chung Choon Hee , Lee Sihoon , Jin Heung Yong , Lee Jae Hyuk , Koh Gwanpyo , Kim Sang-Yong , Kim Jaetaek , Lee Ju Hee , Kim Tae Nyun , Jeon Hyun Jeong , Lee Ji Hyun , Jeon Jae-Han , Yoo Hye Jin , Kim Hee Kyung , Park Hyeong-Kyu , Nam-Goong Il Seong , Hong Seongbin , Ahn Chul Woo , Yu Ji Hee , Park Jong Heon , Park Keun-Gyu , Park Chan Ho , Joung Kyong Hye , Ryu Ohk-Hyun , Park Keun Yong , Hong Eun-Gyoung , Cha Bong-Soo , Won Kyu Chang , Chung Yoon-Sok , Kim Sin Gon
Published: August 2024

Background: Atherogenic dyslipidemia, which is frequently associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance, contributes to the development of vascular complications. Statin therapy is the primary approach to dyslipidemia management in T2D, however, the role of non-statin therapy remains unclear. Ezetimibe reduces cholesterol burden by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption. Fibrates lower triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels via peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor alpha agonism. Therefore, when combined, these drugs effectively lower non-HDL-C levels. Despite this, few clinical trials have specifically targeted non-HDL-C, and the efficacy of triple combination therapies, including statins, ezetimibe, and fibrates, has yet to be determined.Methods: This is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, active-comparator controlled trial involving 3,958 eligible participants with T2D, cardiovascular risk factors, and elevated non-HDL-C (≥100 mg/dL). Participants, already on moderate-intensity statins, will be randomly assigned to either Ezefeno (ezetimibe/fenofibrate) addition or statin dose-escalation. The primary end point is the development of a composite of major adverse cardiovascular and diabetic microvascular events over 48 months.Conclusion: This trial aims to assess whether combining statins, ezetimibe, and fenofibrate is as effective as, or possibly superior to, statin monotherapy intensification in lowering cardiovascular and microvascular disease risk for patients with T2D. This could propose a novel therapeutic approach for managing dyslipidemia in T2D.
Nota Técnica n. 01 (CGDTI) : Uma estimativa de empresas e postos de trabalho diretamente atingidos pelas enchentes do Rio Grande do Sul em 2024 (Publicação Expressa)
Authors: Pereira Rafael H. M. P , Herszenhut Daniel , Ferreira Pedro Cavalcanti Gonçalves , Mation Luca , Stivali Matheus , Cunha Alexandre
Published: August 2024

O Rio Grande do Sul foi atingido por fortes chuvas entre o fim de abril e maio de 2024. Esta Nota Técnica apresenta uma estimativa do número de estabelecimentos e postos de trabalho que foram atingidos diretamente pelos eventos de enchentes, deslizamentos de terra ou de lama nos 418 municípios declarados em estado de calamidade ou emergência. Esta Nota Técnica também descreve a metodologia utilizada para a geolocalização dos estabelecimentos diretamente atingidos que foi utilizada para definir o critério de elegibilidade de um programa do Ministério do Trabalho de apoio financeiro emergencial a trabalhadores com vínculo formal de emprego que foram atingidos pelos eventos climáticos. A mancha de impacto de enchentes, deslizamentos de terra e lama atingiu uma área de aproximadamente 16.126 km², alcançando 484 municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Em todos os 418 municípios em estado de calamidade ou de emergência, estima-se que pelo menos 23,3 mil estabelecimentos privados (9,5% dos estabelecimentos privados nesses municípios) tenham sido diretamente atingidos. Estima-se que nos municípios em estado de calamidade ou de emergência ao menos 334,6 mil postos de trabalho foram diretamente atingidos (13,7% dos postos registrados nesses municípios).
Challenges Faced by Nurses Students in Clinical Practice During their Filed Attachment in the Last Year at Various Hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: Hassan Ibrahim Abdirahman Moalim , Holds Ibrahim
Published: August 2024

Nursing is a crucial calling that provides basic care to patients, often managing complex and specialized therapeutic conditions (Smith et al., 2018). To provide ideal care, nurses require a solid theoretical foundation and remarkable practical skills (Jooste & Mashalla, 2015). However, research from different countries has consistently illustrated a theory-practice gap in nursing education, highlighting the need to improve the practical training of nursing students (Ajani & Moez, 2011; Jamshidi et al., 2016). Nursing education is a combination of theoretical and practical learning experiences that enable nursing students to acquire the knowledge, skills, and competencies required for providing nursing care (Mabuda et al., 2008). Clinical placements, or externship programs, are a vital component of nursing education, allowing students to apply their theoretical knowledge in real-world healthcare settings (Henderson et al., 2012). However, nursing students in Mogadishu, Somalia, often face various challenges during their final-year clinical placements at local hospitals.
The Impact of Machine Learning in Sport Injury Rehabilitation: A Specialist Perspective
Authors: Ahmed Kamel Mohamed , Ragheb Atallah Rasha
Published: August 2024

One specific component of the athletic performance management paradigm is sports injuries and their rehabilitation. It plays a major role in a competitor's good recuperation and long-term physical well-being. This study looks at athletes' histories of sports recovery and develops several machine learning models based on these findings. This paper aims to assess the current state of machine learning applications for sports injuries and determine how each injury element— extrinsic, intrinsic, and triggering events—should be analyzed. The current dearth of models and open-source data sets, as well as the effectiveness of ML in sports injury prediction, are the conclusions drawn.
Analysis of Standard Time Calculations Using the Direct Stopwatch Time Study Method on Line Deburing Pt. Mikuni Indonesia
Authors: Fatwa Afghoni Trima , Prasetya Dwi Indra , Suwarno Agus , Wiyatno Tri Ngudi
Published: August 2024

Measuring working time is an attempt to determine the length of working time required by a trained employee to complete a job at a normal speed level. To increase work efficiency for employees, both time and energy, research was carried out to determine time Standard ds, time allowances and output Standard ds for the company, so that the production process runs better. In this research, the time for each process will be measured with a stopwatch, which will then be used to calculate cross-production balance. The results of the work measurement research on the deburing line show that the ideal planning that should be set by management for each product is 07K for 8 working hours, namely 987 pcs and 1233 for 10 working hours, 3DM for 8 working hours, namely 764 pcs and 955 for 10 Working hours, 01Y for 8 working hours, namely 868 pcs and 1085 pcs for 10 working hours, 01D for 8 working hours, namely 810 and 1012 pcs for 10 working hours, 01S for 8 working hours, namely 820 pcs and 1025 pcs for 10 working hours, 5SM for 8 working hours, namely 849 pcs and 1061 pcs for 10 working hours, 457 for 8 working hours, namely 294 pcs and 368 pcs for 10 working hours, 874 for 8 working hours, namely 784 pcs and 980 pcs for 10 working hours, and 908 1-C for 8 working hours, namely 634 pcs and 792 pcs for 10 working hours.
Clinical Diagnosis Superiority in Appendicitis Cases: An Integrative Analysis with Ultrasound Findings and Complete Hemogram
Authors: Govindarajan Dhananjayan , Zakir Hussain Hakeem Sulthan , Gopalan Muralidharan
Published: August 2024

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of clinical diagnosis compared to ultrasound findings and elevated total count in identifying acute appendicitis.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over three months with 30 patients aged 10-60 years presenting to the General Surgery OPD/ER. The patients were evaluated using clinical diagnosis, ultrasound, and complete hemogram. Clinical findings included McBurney’s tenderness, Blumberg sign, and lateral wall tenderness on Digital Rectal Examination. Data on ultrasound findings and total leukocyte count were collected and analyzed.  Results: Clinical diagnosis accurately identified acute appendicitis in all 30 cases. Ultrasound confirmed appendicitis in 18 cases (60%), while elevated total leukocyte count was observed in 20 cases (66.6%). When combining clinical evaluation, ultrasound, and hemogram data, a comprehensive diagnosis was achieved in 13 cases (43.4%).  Conclusion: Clinical diagnosis remains the superior method for identifying acute appendicitis. Ultrasound and hemogram serve as valuable adjuncts, refining diagnostic accuracy. The integrative approach ensures optimal patient management. This study advocates for the continued development of clinical expertise alongside auxiliary
Efficacy of Ascorbic Acid on Anti-Infertility Effects of Alcoholic Extract of Nicotiana Tabacum Leaf in Male Wistar Rat
Authors: Adeola Ashamu Ebenezer , Noah Olalere Adeniyi , Adewale Siyanbade Jacob , Taiwo Olayemi Olaniyi
Published: August 2024

Background: Tobacco intake has led to negative impacts on the neurological and endocrine systems, possibly due to the compromised immune system that is linked to tobacco use. Despite the long history of using the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum L.), cigarettes dominate the global market, making up 96% of all sales of manufactured tobacco products. Despite being taken in smokeless form, reports indicate that the plant is toxic and has negatively affected several bodily cellular activities. This study looked at how an alcoholic extract made from Nicotiana tabacum leaf affected the Wistar male rats' reproductive parameters. According to estimates from the World Health Organization, tobacco usage resulted in 100 million deaths worldwide throughout the 20th century, and 5.4 million fatalities in 2004. Except for humans, non-human primates, and guinea pigs, the livers of most mammalian species synthesis vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, a six- carbon lactone molecule. Scurvy, also known as scorbutus, is a life-threatening disorder caused by a shortage of vitamin C. It can only be cured via proper treatment. Therefore, humans must consume vitamin C to ensure their survival. The testis is the primary male reproductive organ. The structure is analogous to the ovaries in females. The testes are the main endocrine and reproductive organs in the male body. They generate sex steroid hormones and mature haploid sperm. The testes are located in two pairs within the scrotum, with the epididymis situated at the back edge.  Material and Method: The extract was obtained from the plant's leaf using the process of alcoholic extraction. The experiment utilized a sample of 30 male Wistar rats, which were assigned randomly to five groups: A, B, C, D, and E. Each group consisted of six rats with an average weight of 115g.  Result: Changes in body weight, testis weight, semen quality, and morphology were all studied in this investigation. Furthermore, testicular histology evaluations were carried out. Overall, the alcoholic extract derived from the leaf of Nicotiana tabacum had a significant negative impact on various male reproductive indices. This study demonstrates that ascorbic acid possesses prospective and restorative effects against testicular damage caused by the alcoholic extract of Nicotiana tabacum leaf. However, it should be noted that these effects were not fully observed at the current dosage. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the long-lasting effects on reproductive health.
Mental Well-Being and Management Support of Quick Service Restaurant Employees in the 4 Cities of Batangas
Authors: V. Tolentino Melinda , V. Mejia Rhea Corina , S. Felicen Sevillia
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to assess the mental well- being and management support during the time of the pandemic among restaurant employees in quick-service restaurants (QSR) in the cities of Batangas Province. It presented the profile of the restaurant employees in terms of gender, length of service, and type of employees; determined the mental well-being of employees in terms of well-being, psychological distress, absenteeism/ presenteeism; and work engagement; assessed the management support in terms of supervision support at work and psychological safety climate management; tested the significant difference when grouped according to the profile. Descriptive research was used with 103 QSR employees weighted mean and ANOVA are the statistical tests utilized. Based on the result, the majority of the QSR employees were 20-30 years old, female, working for less than 6 months, in a full-time category, in a franchised quick service restaurant with 1 to 2 days missed shifts in 28 days. The mental well-being of the QSR employees was stable because they often felt that they are close to other people, though sometimes they experienced that working was an effort, and during their absence, they are contacted by their manager or supervisor and their supervisor was accessible and approachable to their team. With this supervisor attitude, they felt that time passed quickly when they working. The responses of the QSR employees with regard to well-being differed when grouped according to profile. Assessment of psychological distress differed in terms of age, length of service, and type of ownership while for absenteeism the assessment differed in terms of types of employment and number of days missed. As to management support, only the assessment of QSR employees differed in terms of supervision at work and work engagement when grouped according to age.
A jogos védekezés történeti gyökerei a középkori magyar szokásjogban
Authors: Kozák András
Published: August 2024

Focusing on continuity and contemporary legislation, the author provides an overview of medieval customary law in Hungary concerning self defence, in particular when it concerns property.
Jogos vélelem a jogos védelem?
Authors: Aradi Csilla , Szili-Kis Ádám
Published: August 2024

The authors provide and analysis of situational justifiable defence, one of the controversial elements of the self-defence provision of the new Hungarian Criminal Code.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF INFLATION FACTORS ON REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Ural State University of Economics, KUKLINOVA POLINA , DVORYADKINA ELENA ,   Ural State University of Economics
Published: August 2024

The article aims to assess the impact of inflation factors independent of monetary regulator measures on regional economic development. From the point of view of factor analysis, an assessment of the relationship between the factors of the development of inflationary processes of a non–monetary nature and the economic development of the Sverdlovsk region, a traditionally industrial region, was carried out. The peculiarity of the methodology is the implementation of analysis in the context of economic entities: the «population» and «business» in order to develop appropriate recommendations for the subject «power». It is advisable to use the results of the analysis in order to increase the effectiveness of policies implemented at the national and regional levels aimed at ensuring regional economic development.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF CLIMATE ADAPTATION OF THE KAMCHATKA TERRITORY
Authors:   Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Institute of Geography of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, DYAKOV MAXIM , MIKHAILOVA TATYANA ,   Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Institute of Geography of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: August 2024

Adaptation to climate change is an important aspect of economic and social development in the Russian Federation, including at the regional level. In this study, the authors identified the main directions of climate adaptation for the Kamchatka Territory, analyzed the main climate risks, and constructed a matrix of climate risks for the region. Promising directions for further measures in this area have been identified.
Submillimeter and Mid-Infrared Variability of Young Stellar Objects in the M17SWex Intermediate-mass Star-forming Region
Authors: Park Geumsook , Johnstone Doug , Peña Carlos Contreras , Lee Jeong-Eun , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Herczeg Gregory , Mairs Steve , Chen Zhiwei , Hatchell Jennifer , Kim Kee-Tae , Kim Mi-Ryang , Qiu Keping , Wang Yao-Te , Zhang Xu ,   The JCMT Transient Team
Published: August 2024

We present a comprehensive analysis of young stellar object (YSO) variability within the M17 Southwest Extension (M17 SWex), using 3.5 yr of monitoring data from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Transient Survey at submillimeter and 9 yr from the NEOWISE mission at mid-infrared (mid-IR). Our study encompasses observations of 147 bright submillimeter peaks identified within our deep JCMT coadded map as well as 156 YSOs in NEOWISE W1 and 179 in W2 that were previously identified in Spitzer surveys. We find three robust submillimeter variables: two are candidate YSOs and one is a likely extragalactic source. At mid-IR wavelengths, our analysis reveals secular and stochastic variability in 47 YSOs, with the highest fraction of secular variability occurring at the earliest evolutionary stage. This is similar to what has previously been observed for low-mass YSO variability within the Gould Belt. However, we observe less overall variability in M17 SWex at both the submillimeter and mid-IR. We suspect that this lower fraction is due to the greater distance to M17 SWex. Our findings showcase the utility of multiwavelength observations to better capture the complex variability phenomena inherent to star formation processes and demonstrate the importance of years-long monitoring of a diverse selection of star-forming environments.
TeV Analysis of a Source-rich Region with the HAWC Observatory: Is HESS J1809-193 a Potential Hadronic PeVatron?
Authors: Albert A. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Avila Rojas D. , Babu R. , Belmont-Moreno E. , Bernal A. , Breuhaus M. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Cotzomi J. , De la Fuente E. , Depaoli D. , Di Lalla N. , Diaz Hernandez R. , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Espinoza C. , Fan K. L. , Fang K. , Fick B. , Fraija N. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , Gonzalez Muñoz A. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Groetsch S. , Harding J. P. , Hernández-Cadena S. , Herzog I. , Huang D. , Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Joshi V. , Kaufmann S. , Lara A. , Lee J. , León Vargas H. , Longinotti A. L. , Luis-Raya G. , Malone K. , Martínez-Castro J. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Montes J. A. , Morales-Soto J. A. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Nisa M. U. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Osorio M. , Pérez Araujo Y. , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Rho C. D. , Rosa-González D. , Ruiz-Velasco E. , Salazar H. , Sandoval A. , Schneider M. , Serna-Franco J. , Smith A. J. , Son Y. , Springer R. W. , Tibolla O. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Torres-Escobedo R. , Turner R. , Ureña-Mena F. , Varela E. , Wang X. , Watson I. J. , Willox E. , Yun-Cárcamo S. , Zhou H. ,   THE HAWC COLLABORATION
Published: August 2024

HESS J1809-193 is an unidentified TeV source, first detected by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) collaboration. The emission originates in a source-rich region that includes several supernova remnants (SNRs) and pulsars including SNR G11.1+0.1, SNR G11.0-0.0, and the young radio pulsar PSR J1809-1917. Originally classified as a pulsar wind nebula candidate, recent studies show the peak of the TeV region overlapping with a system of molecular clouds. This resulted in the revision of the original leptonic scenario to look for alternate hadronic scenarios. Marked as a potential PeVatron candidate, this region has been studied extensively by H.E.S.S. due to its emission extending up to several tens of TeV. In this work, we use 2398 days of data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory to carry out a systematic source search of the HESS J1809-193 region. We were able to resolve emission detected as an extended component (modelled as a symmetric Gaussian with a 1σ radius of 0.°21) with no clear cutoff at high energies and emitting photons up to 210 TeV. We model the multiwavelength observations for the region around HESS J1809-193 using a time-dependent leptonic model and a lepto-hadronic model. Our model indicates that both scenarios could explain the observed data within the region of HESS J1809-193.
Why Are (Almost) All the Protostellar Outflows Aligned in Serpens Main?
Authors: Green Joel D. , Pontoppidan Klaus M. , Reiter Megan , Watson Dan M. , Shenoy Sachindev S. , Manoj P. , Narang Mayank
Published: August 2024

We present deep 1.4–4.8 μm JWST-NIRCam imaging of the Serpens Main star-forming region and identify 20 candidate protostellar outflows, most with bipolar structure and identified driving sources. The outflow position angles (PAs) are strongly correlated, and they are aligned within ±24° of the major axis of the Serpens filament. These orientations are further aligned with the angular momentum vectors of the two disk shadows in this region. We estimate that the probability of this number of young stars being coaligned if sampled from a uniform PA distribution is 10−4. This in turn suggests that the aligned protostars, which seem to be at similar evolutionary stages based on their outflow dynamics, formed at similar times with a similar spin inherited from a local cloud filament. Further, there is tentative evidence for a systematic change in average PA between the northwestern and southeastern cluster, as well as increased scatter in the PAs of the southeastern protostars. SOFIA-HAWC+ archival dust polarization observations of Serpens Main at 154 and 214 μm are perpendicular to the dominant jet orientation in the northwestern region in particular. We measure and locate shock knots and edges for all of the outflows and provide an identifying catalog. We suggest that Serpens main is a cluster that formed from an isolated filament and due to its youth retains its primordial outflow alignment.
Accretion Geometry of GX 339–4 in the Hard State: AstroSat View
Authors: Chand Swadesh , Dewangan Gulab C. , Zdziarski Andrzej A. , Bhattacharya Dipankar , Mithun N. P. S. , Vadawale Santosh V.
Published: August 2024

We perform broadband (0.7–100 keV) spectral analysis of five hard state observations of the low-mass black hole X-ray binary GX 339–4 taken by AstroSat during the rising phase of three outbursts from 2019 to 2022. We find that the outburst in 2021 was the only successful/full outburst, while the source was unable to make the transition to the soft state during the other two outbursts in 2019 and 2022. Our spectral analysis employs two different model combinations, requiring two separate Comptonizing regions and their associated reflection components and soft X-ray excess emission. The harder Comptonizing component dominates the overall bolometric luminosity, while the softer one remains relatively weak. Our spectral fits indicate that the disk evolves with the source luminosity, where the inner disk radius decreases with increasing luminosity. However, the disk remains substantially truncated throughout all the observations at the source luminosity of ∼2%–8%× of the Eddington luminosity. We note that our assumption of the soft X-ray excess emission as disk blackbody may not be realistic, and this kind of soft excess may arise due the nonhomogeneity in the disk/corona geometry. Our temporal analysis deriving the power density spectra suggests that the break frequency increases with the source luminosity. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates a consistency between the inner disk radii estimated from the break frequency of the power density spectra and those obtained from the reflection modeling, supporting the truncated disk geometry in the hard state.
High-redshift Merger Model for Low-frequency Gravitational Wave Background
Authors: Wu Zhao-Feng , Giannios Dimitrios
Published: August 2024

In 2023, the Pulsar Timing Array Collaborations announced the discovery of a gravitational wave background (GWB), predominantly attributed to supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) mergers. However, the detected GWB is several times stronger than the default value expected from galactic observations at low and moderate redshifts. Recent findings by the James Webb Space Telescope have unveiled a substantial number of massive, high-redshift galaxies, suggesting more massive SMBHB mergers at these early epochs. Motivated by these findings, we propose an “early merger” model that complements the standard merger statistics by incorporating these early, massive galaxies. We compare the early and standard “late merger” models, which assume peak merger rates in the local Universe, and match both merger models to the currently detected GWB. Our analysis shows that the early merger model has a significantly lower detection probability for single binaries and predicts a ∼30% likelihood that the first detectable single source will be highly redshifted and remarkably massive with rapid frequency evolution. In contrast, the late merger model predicts a nearly monochromatic first source at low redshift. The future confirmation of an enhanced population of massive high-redshift galaxies and the detection of fast-evolving binaries would strongly support the early merger model, offering significant insights into the evolution of galaxies and SMBHs.
Constraining Cosmological Parameters Using the Splashback Radius of Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Haggar Roan , Amoura Yuba , Mpetha Charlie T. , Taylor James E. , Walker Kris , Power Chris
Published: August 2024

Cosmological parameters such as ΩM and σ
8 can be measured indirectly using various methods, including galaxy cluster abundance and cosmic shear. These measurements constrain the composite parameter S
8, leading to degeneracy between ΩM and σ
8. However, some structural properties of galaxy clusters also correlate with cosmological parameters, due to their dependence on a cluster’s accretion history. In this work, we focus on the splashback radius, an observable cluster feature that represents a boundary between a cluster and the surrounding Universe. Using a suite of cosmological simulations with a range of values for ΩM and σ
8, we show that the position of the splashback radius around cluster-mass halos is greater in cosmologies with smaller values of ΩM or larger values of σ
8. This variation breaks the degeneracy between ΩM and σ
8 that comes from measurements of the S
8 parameter. We also show that this variation is, in principle, measurable in observations. As the splashback radius can be determined from the same weak lensing analysis already used to estimate S
8, this new approach can tighten low-redshift constraints on cosmological parameters, either using existing data, or using upcoming data such as that from Euclid and LSST.
Reconstruction of the Dark Energy Scalar Field Potential by Gaussian Process
Authors: Niu 牛 Jing 菁 , Jiao 焦 Kang 康 , He 贺 Peng 鹏 , Zhang 张 Tong-Jie 同杰
Published: August 2024

Dark energy is believed to be responsible for the acceleration of the Universe. In this paper, we reconstruct the dark energy scalar field potential V(ϕ) using the Hubble parameter H(z) through Gaussian process analysis. Our goal is to investigate dark energy using various H(z) data sets and priors. We find that the selection of the prior and the H(z) data set significantly affects the reconstructed V(ϕ). We compare two models, Power Law and Free Field, to the reconstructed V(ϕ) by computing the reduced chi-square. The results suggest that the models are generally in agreement with the reconstructed potential within a 3σ confidence interval, except in the case of Observational H(z) data with the Planck 18 prior. Additionally, we simulate H(z) data to measure the effect of increasing the number of data points on the accuracy of reconstructed V(ϕ). We find that doubling the number of H(z) data points can improve the accuracy rate of reconstructed V(ϕ) by 5%–30%.
X-Ray Winds in Nearby-to-distant Galaxies (X-WING). I. Legacy Surveys of Galaxies with Ultrafast Outflows and Warm Absorbers in z ∼ 0–4
Authors: Yamada Satoshi , Kawamuro Taiki , Mizumoto Misaki , Ricci Claudio , Ogawa Shoji , Noda Hirofumi , Ueda Yoshihiro , Enoto Teruaki , Kokubo Mitsuru , Minezaki Takeo , Sameshima Hiroaki , Horiuchi Takashi , Mizukoshi Shoichiro
Published: August 2024

As an inaugural investigation under the X-ray Winds In Nearby-to-distant Galaxies (X-WING) program, we assembled a data set comprising 132 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) spanning redshifts z ∼ 0–4 characterized by blueshifted absorption lines indicative of X-ray winds. Through an exhaustive review of previous research, we compiled the outflow parameters for 583 X-ray winds, encompassing key attributes such as outflow velocities (V
out), ionization parameters (ξ), and hydrogen column densities. By leveraging the parameters V
out and ξ, we systematically categorized the winds into three distinct groups: ultrafast outflows (UFOs), low-ionization parameter (low-IP) UFOs, and warm absorbers (WAs). Strikingly, a discernible absence of linear correlations in the outflow parameters, coupled with distributions approaching instrumental detection limits, was observed. Another notable finding was the identification of a velocity gap around V
out ∼ 10,000 km s−1. This gap was particularly evident in the winds detected via absorption lines within the ≲2 keV band, indicating disparate origins for low-IP UFOs and WAs. In cases involving Fe xxv/Fe xxvi lines, where the gap might be attributed to potential confusion between emission/absorption lines and the Fe K-edge, the possibility of UFOs and galactic-scale WAs being disconnected is considered. An examination of the outflow and dust sublimation radii revealed a distinction: UFOs appear to consist of dust-free material, whereas WAs likely comprise dusty gas. From 2024, the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission is poised to alleviate observational biases, providing insights into the authenticity of the identified gap, a pivotal question in comprehending AGN feedback from UFOs.
First Direct Evidence for Keplerian Rotation in Quasar Inner Broad-line Regions
Authors: Fian C. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Mediavilla E. , Muñoz J. A. , Chelouche D. , Kaspi S. , Forés-Toribio R.
Published: August 2024

We introduce a novel method to derive rotation curves with light-day spatial resolution of the inner regions of lensed quasars. We aim to probe the kinematics of the inner part of the broad-line region by resolving the microlensing response—a proxy for the size of the emitting region—in the wings of the broad emission lines. Specifically, we assess the strength of the microlensing effects in the wings of the high-ionization lines Si iv and C iv across various velocity bins in five gravitationally lensed quasars: SDSS J1001+5027, SDSS J1004+4112, HE 1104−1805, SDSS J1206+4332, and SDSS J1339+1310. Using Bayesian methods to estimate the dimensions of the corresponding emission regions and adopting a Keplerian model as our baseline, we examine the consistency of the hypothesis of disklike rotation. Our results reveal a monotonic, smooth increase in microlensing magnification with velocity. The deduced velocity–size relationships inferred for the various quasars and emission lines closely conform to the Keplerian model of an inclined disk. This study provides the first direct evidence of Keplerian rotation in the innermost region of quasars across a range of radial distances spanning from ∼5 to 20 lt-days.
In LIGO’s Sight? Vigorous Coherent Gravitational Waves from Cooled Collapsar Disks
Authors: Gottlieb Ore , Levinson Amir , Levin Yuri
Published: August 2024

We present the first numerical study of gravitational waves (GWs) from collapsar disks, using state-of-the-art 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of collapsing stars. These simulations incorporate a fixed Kerr metric for the central black hole (BH) and employ simplified prescriptions for disk cooling. We find that cooled disks with an expected scale height ratio of H/R ≳ 0.1 at ∼10 gravitational radii induce Rossby instability in compact, high-density rings. The trapped Rossby vortices generate vigorous coherent emission regardless of disk magnetization and BH spin. For BH mass of ∼10 M
⊙, the GW spectrum peaks at ∼100 Hz, with some breadth due to various nonaxisymmetric modes. The spectrum shifts toward lower frequencies as the disk viscously spreads and the circularization radius of the infalling gas increases. Weaker-cooled disks with H/R ≳ 0.3 form a low-density extended structure of spiral arms, resulting in a broader, lower-amplitude spectrum. Assuming an optimistic detection threshold with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 20 and a rate similar to Type Ib/c supernovae, LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA (LVK) could detect ≲1 event annually, suggesting that GW events may already be hidden in observed data. Third-generation GW detectors could detect dozens to hundreds of collapsar disks annually, depending on the cooling strength and the disk formation rate. The GW amplitudes from collapsar disks are ≳100 times higher with a substantially greater event rate than those from core-collapse supernovae, making them potentially the most promising burst-type GW class for LVK and Cosmic Explorer. This highlights the importance of further exploration and modeling of disk-powered GWs, promising insights into collapsing star physics.
Very Long-periodic Pulsations Detected Simultaneously in a White-light Flare and Sunspot Penumbra
Authors: Li Dong , Wang Jincheng , Huang Yu
Published: August 2024

We investigate the origin of very long-periodic pulsations in the white-light emission of an X6.4 flare on 2024 February 22 (SOL2024-02-22T22:08), which occurred at the edge of a sunspot group. The flare white-light fluxes reveal four successive and repetitive pulsations, which are simultaneously measured by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager and the White-light Solar Telescope. A quasi-period of

8.6

−
1.9

+
1.5

minutes, determined by the Morlet wavelet transform, is detected in the visible continuum channel. The modulation depth, which is defined as the ratio between the oscillatory amplitude and its long-term trend, is smaller than 0.1%, implying that the quasi-periodic pulsation (QPP) feature is a weak wave process. Imaging observations show that the X6.4 flare occurs near a sunspot group. Moreover, the white-light brightening is located in sunspot penumbra, and a similar quasi-period of about 8.5

−
1.8

+
1.6

minutes is identified in one penumbral location of the nearest sunspot. The map of Fourier power distribution suggests that a similar periodicity is universally existing in most parts of the penumbra that is close to the penumbral–photospheric boundary. Our observations support the scenario that the white-light QPP is probably modulated by the slow-mode magnetoacoustic gravity wave leaking from the sunspot penumbra.
Various Features of the X-class White-light Flares in Super Active Region NOAA 13664
Authors: Li Ying , Liu Xiaofeng , Jing Zhichen , Chen Wei , Li Qiao , Su Yang , Song De-Chao , Ding M. D. , Feng Li , Li Hui , Gan Weiqun
Published: August 2024

Super active region NOAA 13664 produced 12 X-class flares (including the largest one so far, an occulted X8.7 flare, in solar cycle 25) during 2024 May 8–15, and 11 of them are identified as white-light flares. Here we present various features of these X-class white-light flares observed by the White-light Solar Telescope (WST) on board the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. It is found that both the white-light emissions at WST 3600 Å (Balmer continuum) and HMI 6173 Å (Paschen continuum) show up in different regions of the sunspot group in these flares, including outside the sunspots and within the penumbra and umbra of the sunspots. They exhibit a point-, ribbon-, loop-, or ejecta-like shape, which can come from flare ribbons (or footpoints), flare loops, and plasma ejecta depending on the perspective view. The white-light duration and relative enhancement are measured and both parameters for 3600 Å emission have greater values than those for 6173 Å emission. It is also found that these white-light emissions are cospatial well with the hard X-ray (HXR) sources in the on-disk flares but have some offsets with the HXR emissions in the off-limb flares. In addition, it is interesting that the 3600 and 6173 Å emissions show different correlations with the peak HXR fluxes, with the former one more sensitive to the HXR emission. All these greatly help us understand the white-light flares of a large magnitude from a super active region on the Sun and also provide important insights into superflares on Sun-like stars.