bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Physical and Psychological Impacts of Wearing Personal Protective Equipment on Health Care Workers During COVID-19
Authors: Radha K , George Gigini , Varghese Abin , Joseph Jaison , Vijayanarayanan N
Published: January 2024

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among the frontline health care workers (HCWs). Even though PPE helps in preventing infection, it poses significant physical and psychological impacts at varying levels. Correspondingly, multiple independent studies have brought out the PPE-associated problems. However, there exists a lacuna on comprehensive information of global prevalence related to the same.

Aim:

To estimate the prevalence and risk factors of PPE among HCWs during COVID-19 across the globe.

Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Method:

The review was undertaken as per the protocol registered in PROSPERO CRD42021272216 following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis(PRISMA) guidelines. Two independent reviewers have undertaken the search strategy, study selection, and methodological quality assessment. Discrepancies were addressed by the third reviewer. Heterogeneity was addressed through I2 statistics and forest plots generated by open meta-software.

Results:

A total of 16 articles conducted across 6 different countries among 10,182 HCWs were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of skin lesions, headache, sweating, breathing difficulty, vision difficulty, thirst/dry mouth, fatigue, and communication difficulty, anxiety, fear were 57 (47–66%), 51 (37–64%), 75 (56–90%), 44 (23–68%), 61 (21–94%), 54 (30–77%), 67 (58–76%), 74 (47–94%), 28 (24–33%), 14 (10–17%), respectively. Moreover, the various risk factors included are the use of PPE for >6 h and young females. In addition, the medical management of new-onset problems created an additional burden on the frontline health care personnel (HCP).

Conclusion:

The frontline HCWs encountered physical and psychological problems at varying levels as a result of wearing PPE which needs to be addressed to prevent the inadequate use of PPE leading to infections.
IoT and AI for Silambam Martial Arts: A Review
Authors: Ramanathan Vijayarajan , T Meyyappan , Natarajan Gnanasankaran
Published: January 2024

Silambam is a traditional martial art from Tamil Nadu, India. It is a stick-fighting art that has been practiced for centuries. In recent years, there has been growing interest in using technology to enhance the practice and promotion of Silambam. One way to do this is to use the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices can be used to collect data on Silambam practitioners' movements and performance. This data can then be analysed using artificial intelligence (AI) to provide insights and recommendations to practitioners. For example, IoT sensors could be attached to Silambam sticks to track the number of rotations, speed, and force of each strike. This data could then be used to provide feedback to practitioners on their technique and progress. AI could also be used to develop personalized training programs for Silambam practitioners. For example, AI could analyse a practitioner's data to identify areas where they need improvement and then recommend specific exercises or drills. In addition to enhancing the practice of Silambam, IoT and AI could also be used to promote the art to a wider audience. For example, IoT-enabled Silambam sticks could be used to create interactive training games or simulations. Overall, IoT and AI have the potential to revolutionize the way that Silambam is practiced and promoted. By using these technologies, we can make Silambam more accessible, engaging, and effective for practitioners of all levels.
Annotated Lexicon for Sentiment Analysis in the Bosnian Language
Authors: Jahić Sead , Vičič Jernej
Published: January 2024

The paper presents the first sentiment-annotated lexicon of the Bosnian language. The annotation process and methodology are presented along with a usability study, which concentrates on language coverage. The composition of the starting base was done by translating the Slovenian annotated lexicon and later manually checking the translations and annotations. The language coverage was observed using two reference corpora. The Bosnian language is still considered a low-resource language. A reference corpus comprised of automatically crawled web pages is available for the Bosnian language, but the authors had a hard time sourcing any corpora with a clear time frame for the text contained therein. A corpus of contemporary texts was constructed by collecting news articles from several Bosnian web portals. Two language coverage methods were used in this experiment. The first used a frequency list of all words extracted from two reference Bosnian language corpora, and the second ignored the frequencies as the main factor in counting. The computed coverage using the first presented method for the first corpus was 19.24%, while the second corpus yielded 28.05%. The second method yielded 2.34% coverage for the first corpus and 6.98% for the second corpus. The results of the study present a language coverage that is comparable to the state of the art in the field. The usability of the lexicon was already proven in a Twitter-based comparison.
A madeira como fonte de larvicidas naturais contra Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Garcia Lucia Fernanda Alves , Correia Mauro Vicentini
Published: January 2024

Na madeira estão presentes inúmeras substâncias sintetizadas pela árvore como defensivos à estímulos ambientais. Tais substâncias podem ser fonte potencial de princípios ativos, incluindo os de ação larvicida contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti. A partir de revisão de literatura, foram encontrados 23 trabalhos científicos sobre a atividade larvicida de compostos presentes na madeira. Os estudos contemplaram a análise de 66 espécies vegetais pertencentes a 23 famílias botânicas. Cerca de 30% das espécies estudadas foram consideradas ativas. A espécie que apresentou o material bruto mais ativo foi Callitris glaucophylla, cujo óleo essencial apresentou CL50 = 0,69 ppm. Foram identificadas 23 moléculas potencialmente ativas, sendo o melhor resultado obtido pela tectoquinona isolada do extrato metanólico de Cryptomeria japonica, com CL50 = 3,3 ppm. Observou-se que a madeira pode ser fonte de larvicidas naturais com ação similar ao larvicida sintético organofosforado temefós, cujo valor de CL50 encontrado na literatura variou entre 2,3 a 9,4 ppm. Dentre as vantagens do uso de larvicidas de origem natural, destaca-se a maior biodegradabilidade e a menor toxicidade aos organismos não alvos quando comparados aos sintéticos, além da contribuição para o enfrentamento do problema da resistência dos insetos.
Kazakhstan foreign policy during presidency of Kasym-Jomart Tokayev (2019-2023)
Authors: Turarbekava Roza
Published: January 2024

Polityka zagraniczna Kazachstanu w okresie prezydentury Kasyma‑Żomarta Tokajewa (2019-2023)

W artykule zbadano zmiany w polityce zagranicznej Kazachstanu w okresie przejściowym przekazania władzy przez N. Nazarbajewa na rzecz K. Tokajewa. Analizując zmiany zidentyfikowano czynniki wewnętrzne i zewnętrzne polityki zagranicznej, scharakteryzowano relacje z partnerami priorytetowymi, takimi jak: Chiny, Rosja, USA i kraje Azji Centralnej, a także zmiany w postrzeganiu swojej polityki zagranicznej poprzez analizę dokumentów koncepcyjnych. Zidentyfikowano najważniejsze czynniki wewnętrzne: covid-19, protesty w 2022 r., zmiany w konstrukcji instytucjonalnej systemu politycznego. Zidentyfikowano następujące determinujące czynniki zewnętrzne: wojnę Rosji na Ukrainie, sankcje wobec sojuszników Kazachstanu (Rosja i Białoruś), rywalizację dużych aktorów. Podsumowując, wyciągnięto wnioski, że rola Chin w polityce zagranicznej Kazachstanu odgrywa coraz bardziej stabilizującą rolę, w przeciwieństwie do Rosji i Stanów Zjednoczonych, których rywalizacja stanowi czynnik ryzyka.
Wpływ rosyjskiej agresji na Ukrainę na relacje NATO – Chińska Republika Ludowa. Wyzwania dla strategii bezpieczeństwa
Authors: Homańska Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

The impact of Russian aggression against Ukraine on NATO-People’s Republic of China relations. Challenges for security strategy

The dynamically changing international situation requires international relations actors to be ready to constantly change and adapt their strategies. This article aims to look at the relationship of the People’s Republic of China with the North Atlantic Alliance, taking into account the implications of a full‑scale Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2022. NATO is increasingly actively pursuing its Strategic Concept, with the primary focus now on ensuring the security of allies within the treaty area. One of the different – but extremely important – challenges for the Alliance is the PRC, which is systematically pursuing its policy objectives, building its international position, and taking advantage of the opportunities presented by the Russian‑Ukrainian conflict. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether NATO’s response to current challenges and its capacity for an Allied response can affect the security strategies of both NATO and the PRC. The first part of the paper examines the theoretical approaches of Chinese scholars to the policy of non‑alignment (nonalignment). This will be followed by an analysis of the approach of NATO member states to the challenge posed by the PRC, as well as the significance of the existence and functioning of the alliance from Beijing’s point of view. Before pointing out conclusions, the author will highlight the impact of Russia‑PRC relations in the face of the ongoing war, as well as confront already existing ideas about potential cooperation or coexistence between NATO and the PRC in the region. It will conclude with conclusions on NATO’s actions and policy evolution, along with general recommendations, taking into account the most important challenges.
Bitwa o Tajwan, czyli jak mogłaby wyglądać chińska inwazja na „zbuntowaną prowincję”
Authors: Wójtowicz Tomasz
Published: January 2024

The battle of Taiwan, or what a Chinese invasion of a „rogue province” could look like

This article describes the possible course of the battle of Taiwan. The paper presents the Chinese policy towards Taiwan, conclusions drawn from the war games conducted by the Pentagon, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and civilian think tanks, the military potential of both sides, and the battle scenario. During the actual research, studies and articles published in Forbes, Business Insider, Taiwan News, Lowy Institute, War on the Rocks, NBC News, China Power, Military Times, Reuters, and Daily Guardian, along with reports of think tanks such as the Atlantic Council and RAND, reports of the US Congress, and reports of Military Ballance were used. The Chinese Invasion Threat: Taiwan’s Defense and American Strategy in Asia, a book written by Ian Easton, turned out to be a particularly useful source of knowledge. According to the author of this article, a „forceful solution” for the Taiwanese issue by Beijing is possible in the future and the Western world should seriously analyze its possible course. This is evidenced by numerous statements of Chinese politicians, the desire to change the current global balance of power, the continuous growth of China’s economic power, the expansion of the PLA’s power projection capabilities in terms of an invasion of the „rogue province”, and regular war games and violations of the Taiwanese air defense identification zone. If there was a battle of Taiwan, from the point of view of the People’s Republic of China, it would be crucial to isolate the island, to quickly eliminate the enemy’s anti‑aircraft and anti‑missile defenses by means of missile and cyberattacks, to paralyze the command system, to gain air superiority, and then to land on the beaches from which operations would be then carried out inland. From the point of view of the Taiwan Armed Forces, the most important thing would be to survive the first days of massive air and missile attacks, to disperse their forces, and then to attack the enemy by exploring its weaknesses, i.e., shooting down selected planes and helicopters, sinking ships in the Taiwan Strait, interrupting supply lines, and then inflicting as much damage as possible during the ground combat.
Relacje Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej z wybranymi państwami koalicji rewizjonistycznej – studium przypadku na przykładzie Rosji, Pakistanu oraz Iranu
Authors: Adamczyk Marcin
Published: January 2024

The People’s Republic of China’s relations with selected members of the revistionary coalition – a case study on the example of Russia, Pakistan and Iran

There are many indications that China’s unquestionable successes in expanding its own reserve of economic and military power have simultaneously awakened the national pride and ambitions of the Chinese people. This, however, has led to an awareness of China’s limited ability to shape the international environment and to pursue its own interests in the international arena. As a result, the Chinese have adopted a revisionist policy with the aim of finally undermining the existing global order – after all, the ultimate goal is to achieve the position of hegemon (with all the benefits and responsibilities that implies). It should be noted, however, that a change of hegemon can only occur through a hegemonic war – which will result in the emergence of a new prestige hierarchy with a pretender as the new world leader. To prepare for a hegemonic clash, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is constantly expanding its economic and military influence (both internally and externally). Above all, China is trying to attract other dissatisfied states into its own coalition, forming the so‑called „revisionist coalition”. To do so, the Chinese offer other countries potentially lucrative trade deals, extensive investment, low- or no‑interest loans and development assistance. This paper intends to popularize the author’s perspective on hegemonic change within international relations – termed „hegemonic realism” as it best reflects the assumptions of the proposed theory. These theoretical assumptions and the author’s model of hegemonic change will be used in the rest of the article to analyze the dynamics of the relations between selected revisionist states and China as a contender for global hegemony. The author’s thesis is that states join the revisionist coalition in order to increase their own military and economic power. The case study will focus on China’s relations with Russia, Pakistan and Iran – all of which are seen by the author as key allies of the PRC on the Asian continent – due to their resources of power and revisionist policies. The study used secondary research sources, including academic publications and journalistic articles in Polish and English. Three methods were used in the research process: comparative analysis, historical‑critical method and desk research method.
Przestępczość zorganizowana jako źródło finansowania terroryzmu na przykładzie Al-Kaidy i Państwa Islamskiego. Analiza porównawcza
Authors: Ivakha Viktoriia
Published: January 2024

Organized crime as a source of terrorism financing on the example of Al‑Qaeda and Islamic State. Comparative analysis

Terrorist organizations based on the ideology of Islamic fundamentalism are increasingly involved in various criminal activities in order to generate income for their own functioning and continuation of terrorist activity. These include: money laundering, human trafficking, drug and arms smuggling, cybercrime, illegal tax systems, extortion, robbery, trade in cultural monuments etc. Al‑Qaeda and the Islamic State are the most prominent examples of Islamist terrorist groups with extremely extensive and diverse financial systems. The aim of the article is to analyze the process of financing fundamentalist terrorist organizations of Al‑Qaeda and the Islamic State from the sources coming from organized crime. The study also attempts to describe and analyze financing of terrorist activities, its classification, as well as sources of financing of Al‑Qaeda and ISIS, with particular emphasis on criminal proceeds and their comparison in terms of similarities and differences.
Invariant Universality for Projective Planes
Authors: Paolini Gianluca
Published: January 2024

We continue the work of [1, 2, 3] by analyzing the equivalence relation of bi-embeddability on various classes of countable planes, most notably the class of countable non-Desarguesian projective planes. We use constructions of the author from [13] to show that these equivalence relations are invariantly universal, in the sense of [3], and thus in particular complete analytic. We also introduce a new kind of Borel reducibility relation for standard Borel G-spaces, which requires the preservation of stabilizers, and explain its connection with the notion of full embeddings commonly considered in category theory.
Visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of doxycycline using ZnO/g-C3N4/biochar composite in aqueous solution
Authors: Hung Nguyen Van , Nguyet Bui Thi Minh , Nghi Nguyen Hun , Luon Nguyen Minh , Bich Nguyen Ngoc , Son Le Van Thanh , Kien Nguyen Trung , Nhiem Dao Ngoc , Tuoi Nguyen Thanh , Khieu Dinh Quang
Published: January 2024

In the present work, ZnO/g-C3N4/biochar was prepared, and it was used for visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of some colorants (methylene blue, rhodamine B, methyl orange) and some antibiotics (doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, amoxicilline). Biochar was prepared by pyrolysing Phragmites australis biomass. The ZnO/g-C3N4/biochar composite was synthesized with the alkaline hydrolysis method. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transition electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray/elemental mapping, ultraviolet-visible-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that ZnO nanoparticles with a large surface area are highly dispersed on the g-C3N4 particle surface and biochar. The composite exhibits superior photocatalytic degradation ability toward doxycycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the tetracycline compared with individual components (ZnO or g-C3N4) and satisfies stability after six treatment cycles. The kinetics and degradation mechanisms of doxycyline were also addressed. In addition, the present catalyst also exhibits the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, rhodamine B, methyl orange, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin in visible-light regions.
Texte als Geisterseher: Überlegungen zur Metaphorik des Gespenstischen zwischen Romantik und Realismus (Hoffmann, 'Das Majorat' – Fontane, 'Schach von Wuthenow')
Authors: Begemann Christian
Published: January 2024

Die Metapher des Gespensts hat alle kritischen Debatten, die seit der Aufklärung über Existenz und Status übernatürlicher Erscheinungen geführt werden, überdauert. Offenbar wird sie gebraucht. Aber warum? Der Beitrag fragt nach den Funktionen und textuellen Effekten der Metapher des Gespenstischen im 19. Jahrhundert. Er untersucht exemplarisch zwei Erzählungen, eine ›romantische‹ – E. T. A. Hoffmanns Das Majorat – und eine ›realistische‹ – Fontanes Schach von Wuthenow. Jeweils zeigt sich – aber in unterschiedlicher Weise –, dass die moderne Welt heimgesucht wird von überlebten Institu­tionen und Denkweisen, Überresten und ›Überlebseln‹ (Tylor) der Vergangenheit. Die Metapher des Gespensts kommentiert solche Phänomene im sozialen, politischen und kulturellen Leben der Gegenwart. Auch dieses ›Andere‹ aber ist ein bestimmender Teil der Moderne selbst.
Analysis for Compressive Strength with Fly Ash in Concrete
Authors: Agrawal Mr. Aditya , Shrivastav Mr. Jayesh , Lange Mr. Aditya , Chourasia Mr. Sumit
Published: January 2024

Waste generated by thermal power plants (i.e. fly ash) is one of the major environmental problems. This aim of the research is to investigate the use of fly ash in cement concrete as a partial replacement for cement, as well as an additive for its disposal and environmentally sound reuse. The concrete in the concrete mix is replaced in the varying percentage i.e. from 5 to 25% . It has also observed that the replacing the cement in any proportion will effect the compressive strength and delays in the hardening process. This method provides an environmental friendly method for the disposal of fly ash.
Student Educational Resilience While Online Studying During the Covid-19 Period
Authors: Yarni Linda
Published: January 2024

Covid-19 has caused changes in education aspect so that it is forced to learn online. This condition has made the world of Education in shock that has caused stress on students who are conducting online learning when they don't have the resilience to help themselves. This research is aimed at identifying the extent of educational resilience of students when they are conducting online learning during covid-19 as well as comparing the extent of educational resilience of man and woman students. This research employed a descriptive comparative quantitative approach. 807 Junior high school and senior high school students in Bukittinggi West Sumatra province were the respondents in this study. The result of this research has shown that the extent of educational resilience of students in online study has been in the high category with 89.10% (score 51-150). The comparative T-Test have shown that there was no distinction inside the educational resilience level of male and female students with the sig. 2 tailed higher than 0.05.
Development of Controversial Issues Learning Models in Improving Student's Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Raharjo  , Solihatin Etin , Maiwan Moh. , Kardiman Yuyus
Published: January 2024

This research aims to develop a learning model for controversial issues in Civic Education at Jakarta State University to enhance students' critical thinking skills. The study follows the Development and Research (R&D) method and was conducted from March to August. The participants were students taking the Civic Education course at The State University of Jakarta, which is a mandatory course. Data on critical thinking skills were collected through observation, interviews, and assessments. The development of the learning model for controversial issues in the Civic Education course involved planning, processing, designing, material preparation, trials, and feasibility analysis. The research resulted in an efficient and effective learning model. Students' critical thinking skills and learning outcomes improved significantly, as observed through their active participation in discussions, analysis, and argumentation related to controversial issues. Students responded to these issues based on facts and data, thereby demonstrating their improved ability to engage in critical thinking. Overall, this research contributes to the enhancement of critical thinking skills among students by providing them with a structured learning model that enables them to analyze and respond to controversial issues based on reliable information.
Application of the Fun Learning Model in Improving Poetry Writing Skills of Students
Authors: Bahri Aliem
Published: January 2024

The main problem is the low skill of writing poetry in class V students at Unismuh Elementary School, Makassar City. This study aims to apply the fun learning model to improve poetry writing skills in fifth grade students at Unismuh Elementary School, Makassar City. This type of research is class action research (Class Action Research) which consists of two cycles where each cycle is held in four meetings. Research procedures include planning, implementation of action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 25 class V students. The collected data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of this study are the acquisition of an average score of students' learning outcomes in the first cycle of 60.7 while in the second cycle, the average score of students' learning outcomes has increased to 85.5 which is in the high category. Mastery learning to write poetry in cycle I, 24% of students achieved learning mastery, while in cycle II as much as 92%. In cycle II there was an increase in learning activities and writing poetry compared to cycle I. The novelty of the research is that fun learning not only improves learning activities, learning outcomes but also poetry writing skills in students.
Environmental Care Character Building Strategy
Authors: Ismail Aldyan , Luqman Yanuar , Budiati Lilin
Published: January 2024

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Environmental Education at State High School 1 Gondangwetan Pasuruan in line with the implementation of the independent curriculum. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method, where the researcher collected data through direct observation at the school and interviews with teachers and students as the sources of information. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman approach, which involved data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that State High School 1 Gondangwetan Pasuruan is a school that has been recognized as an Independent Adiwiyata school by implementing environmental education effectively. The implementation of environmental education is carried out through the integration of the curriculum in various subjects, including Biology, Indonesian Language, English Language, Entrepreneurship, Arts, and Culture. Environmental-related materials have been incorporated into the teaching and learning process of these subjects with the aim of transforming students' mindset towards the environment. Furthermore, State High School 1 Gondangwetan Pasuruan also engages students in extracurricular and cultural activities that support environmental education. Some of the activities carried out include leaf composting, plastic waste management using the ecobrick method, and the establishment of a waste bank. Through these activities, students are actively involved in environmental conservation efforts and waste management. This study highlights the novelty of integrating environmental education within the independent curriculum implemented at State High School 1 Gondangwetan Pasuruan. It showcases the school's innovative approach to incorporating environmental-related materials into various subjects, fostering a comprehensive understanding of environmental issues among students.
Innovative Behavior in Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Izzati Umi Anugerah , Handayaningrum Warih , Mulyana Olievia Prabandini
Published: January 2024

Elementary school teachers have an important role in educational institutions. One of these roles is that the teacher can display innovative behavior in order to support the achievement of school goals. This study aims to analyze the description of innovative behavior in elementary school teachers. This study used a descriptive qualitative method with 12 teachers who worked in an elementary school as respondents. Data collection used unstructured interviews, and the research instrument was an interview guide. The research instrument was developed by the research team using innovative behavior theory from Jong and Hartog (2010). Data were analyzed using three processes, namely data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that overall, the innovative behavior of elementary school teachers is in the good category. This research is different from research that has been done by other researchers before. During this time other studies have addressed innovative behavior in employees in various corporate settings. However, to the knowledge of researchers, no one has highlighted innovative behavior in teachers at the earliest education level, namely elementary school.
The Development of E-Learning-Based Collaboration (KABEL)
Authors: Haryono Heny Ekawati , Marzuqi Iib , Kaniawati Ida , Maryani
Published: January 2024

E-learning-based collaboration (KABEL) can be used as an alternative to improve learning outcomes and student cooperation. This study aims to develop high school physics learning tools using e-learning based collaboration model in the form of lesson planning, student worksheet, teaching materials and learning outcomes on heat material. The method used is development research 4-D development models (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The results of the study show: 1) The validation of learning devices achieves very valid criteria; 2) The practicality of learning devices is determined through the implementation of learning at 87% with very good criteria and student response questionnaires at 83.77% with good criteria; 3) The effectiveness of learning devices is determined through student activities at 83.64% with good criteria and student learning outcomes in temperature and heat at 45 with criteria N-gain medium. Thus, it was concluded that the design of learning devices using collaborative learning models based on e-learning heat material is valid, practical, and effective criteria.
Profile of Critical Thinking Skills in Science Learning Class at Junior High School on Additive Materials
Authors: Arifah Farida , Suprapto Nadi , Setiawan Beni
Published: January 2024

Critical thinking skills have recently been intensified in learners at all levels of education. Learners are expected to have good critical thinking skills in order to face competition in the world of work. The research conducted was descriptive quantitative with the aim of classifying the critical thinking skills of students. The research subjects were students of class VIII Junior High School in Kediri Regency in the 2022/2023 academic year as many as 20 students. Data collection was conducted through interviews and critical thinking skills tests. The critical thinking skills test instrument includes 5 indicators consisting of 15 multiple choice test items. Analysis was carried out on the test results of students on each indicator and categorised into five critical thinking categories consisting of very high, high, medium, low, and very low. The results showed an average achievement score of 42.08%, interpretation ability 23.47%, analysis ability 50.21%, inference ability 62.31%, evaluation ability 41.10%, and explanation ability 33.33%. Based on these results, it is evident that students' critical thinking skills still need to be trained in order to be improved. Thus, teachers need to implement meaningful science learning in order to improve students' critical thinking skills.
Analysis of Writing Patterns of Letters O, D, and Y as Considerations for the Criteria of Developing Indonesian Language Teaching Materials
Authors: Hamdani  , Nurhamidah Neneng Nendah , Widiawati Munah
Published: January 2024

Teaching materials may be considered to be effective if their preparation is adjusted to the level of students’ internal potential and cognitive abilities. Therefore, graphology is required to assist in identifying students’ inner potential for the results of the graphological analysis to be used as a basis for preparing materials. This research aims to discover students’ inner potentials using graphological sciences, which can later be used to consider the criteria for preparing teaching materials. This research used a descriptive qualitative research method since this research produces data in the form of descriptive data (writing). The research’s subject is the handwriting of students of X-1 class Bekasi Regency. The stages of this research are handwriting analysis, triangulation through interviews, grouping results. The data used is in the form of student handwriting with an assessment of the characteristics of student writing as a whole in terms of the slope of writing, the direction of the writing line, the size of the writing, the spacing between words, and the spacing between lines. Qualitative research data analysis techniques are carried out with the stages of analysis implementation according to Miles and Huberman with stages: (1) Data reduction, (2) Presentation of data; (3) Drawing conclusions. According to the study’s result, it was discovered that the students’ inner potentials were very diverse. As a result, the form in which teaching materials are prepared must likewise be varied.
The Urgency of Ecological Intelligence in History Learning: A Literature Review
Authors: Kusnoto Yuver , Supriatna Nana , Wiyanarti Erlina , Hasan Said Hamid
Published: January 2024

This article aims to provide an overview of the importance of planting ecological intelligence for students, especially students in historical learning. The method used in research is the literature review method to see the development of ecological intelligence studies in the educational environment which is focused on historical learning. Literature search is carried out comprehensively and systematically. The results of this study provide a comprehensive description of the urgency of ecological intelligence of students in history learning. So far, ecological intelligence tends to be built for the current interests without paying attention to and studying the relationship between behavior and local wisdom of the community that has been done for a long time for sustainability. Even though events that occurred in the past or today are closely related to the environment that influences human behavior.
Profile of High School Students' Problem-Solving Skills and the Application of Problem-Based Learning: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Ghofur Abdul , Jatmiko Budi , Sanjaya I Gusti Made
Published: January 2024

This study's purpose is to obtain a profile of students' problem-solving skills and describe the achievement of implementing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in high schools. The profile of problem-solving skills was obtained by giving tests and questionnaires to 53 students, while the achievement of implementing the PBL model was obtained by interviewing six students and one chemistry teacher. The research data obtained is then described. The findings revealed that the students' problem-solving skills remained low, namely in the poor and very poor categories with a percentage of 67.93%. Meanwhile, students' problem-solving skills were in the enough category at 20.75%, in the good category at 11.32%, and in the very good category were not found. This study also demonstrates that the teacher's application of learning with the PBL has yet to lead to students achieving the problem-solving skill indicators that are measured. In addition, students' prior knowledge was found to have contributed to the achievement of these indicators. This study suggests adapting and modifying the PBL model's syntax based on all present constraints to develop a new learning model capable of appropriately training students' problem-solving skills by focusing on the side of students' prior knowledge, formulation hypothesis, and reflection activities in learning.
Secondary School Learners' Self-Efficacy and Achievement in Non-Routine Mathematics Problem-Solving
Authors: Chirove Munyaradzi
Published: January 2024

This paper uses a correlational research design to investigate the predictive power of the sources of self-efficacy and non-routine problem-solving achievement. It collected the data from a sample of 118 high-achieving secondary school learners in the Gauteng province, South Africa, using questionnaires, a problem-solving test, and interviews. Their self-efficacy beliefs were categorized into mastery experience, vicarious experience, social persuasion, and physiological state. The findings revealed that the physiological state, vicarious experience, and mastery experience self-efficacy beliefs had a positive impact on problem-solving achievement, whilst that of social persuasion was negative. The magnitudes of the impact of the physiological state and social persuasion sources of self-efficacy were relatively greater than the others. Each source of self-efficacy was discovered to have an insignificant weak positive linear relationship with problem-solving achievement.
Graphological Construction of Students' Writing as a Consideration for Differentiated Learning of Indonesian Language
Authors: Wachyudin  , Hamdani  , Putri Frecelia , Meldia Yusra
Published: January 2024

Teachers must attempt to learn about students' learning styles, psychological conditions, emotions, and personal conditions through non-cognitive diagnostic assessments. No one can learn purely visual, auditory, or kinesthetic since they are all prejudiced. Therefore, another non-cognitive approach is needed, specifically graphology. The study aims to determine changes in learning model methodology application that are appropriate to the students' conditions. The research method used by the researcher was a qualitative descriptive method. This study describes the results of analyzing students' handwriting in X-1 class of SMA Mutiara Islami Plus Bekasi. Several categories were analyzed, including the writing slant, writing line slant, writing size, word, and line spacing in writing, as well as the letter analysis (a, t, and j). The analysis results were organized in differentiated learning using a method of Inquiry Training Learning. This handwriting analysis can assist educators in discovering and determining students' interests and talents further.
Research on Bibliometric Analysis of Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning in the Past Ten Years
Authors: Shofiyah Noly , Jatmiko Budi , Suprapto Nadi
Published: January 2024

The Lawson Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR) is a popular instrument that measures the development of students’ scientific reasoning skills. Through large-scale applications, several issues have been observed in terms of validity, scoring, and the way of interpreting. This study aims to identify the contribution and describe the research profile of applying LCTSR in education during the last ten years. The method used in this research is a bibliometric analysis based on Scopus data with the help of Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. The results of this study obtained 43 documents related to LCTSR. The results showed that the use of LCTSR every year has increased and decreased in the last ten years. Journals and proceedings in the field of physics dominate the publication sources for LCTSR research. Furthermore, Bao, Koenig, and Xiao were the three most prolific authors and also had research collaborations. The dominant country for publication is the United States. The area most often associated with LCTSR research is social science, whose purpose is to measure the development of student’s cognitive abilities. The scope of this research analysis is limited to certain databases or languages, so this study recommends finding renewed discussions about the use of LCTSR in education over a longer period of time.
The Motivation of Students and Their Exposure to Learning Loss After the Pandemic
Authors: Syakur Abd. , Sudrajad Wahyu , Winurati Sutri , Tilwani Shouket Ahmad
Published: January 2024

This research seeks to illustrate how the COVID-19 epidemic has affected students' motivation, engagement, and learning. Students had learning difficulties during the pandemic, as demonstrated by their nonattendance in online courses and their inability to turn in homework on sites such as Google Classroom. Acknowledging these difficulties, the instructor made house calls to collect information for this study. By exposing 100 ninth-grade students to several, the researcher addressed learning loss. The study used a case study methodology and included both qualitative and quantitative data. Google Forms was used to conduct both closed- and open-ended surveys for data gathering. According to the results, just 20.6% of students reported having no learning loss during the pandemic, compared to 79.4% who reported having it. Students' trust in their learning experiences throughout the pandemic was divided into three categories: great certainty (33.4%), certainty (46%), and uncertainty (20.6%). Furthermore, based on their comments on Google Forms, the data revealed that 52.5% of students thought their learning experience was bad, 28.2% thought it was extremely weak, and 19.6% thought it was strong.
Legal assessment of the conclusion of the forensic examination
Authors: Bаkit S. B. , Аlаyеvа G. T. , Zhаnibеcоv A. K.
Published: January 2024

This research topic focuses on the legal assessment of the conclusions of the forensic examination, presenting an analysis of the importance and impact of forensic expert conclusions in legal practice. The present study delves into the intricacies of conducting a forensic examination, encompassing its aims and methodology. Additionally, it scrutinizes matters pertaining to the admissibility, dependability, and interpretation of expert opinions within court proceedings. The primary legal facets associated with the role of forensic examination in ascertaining facts and evidence in legal cases, along with potential ramifications for the involved parties, are thoroughly analyzed. The findings of this investigation furnish valuable insightsfor a more profound comprehension of the significance of forensic examination in legal proceedings, as well as the crucial role played by reliable and precise expert opinions in upholding equity and justice. The study discusses the regulatory and legislative environment that governs forensic examination, including the qualification requirements for experts and the procedures for their appointment. The study also highlights the importance of the neutrality and objectivity of experts, as well as the need to ensure their independence from the parties to the process. Potential challenges and problems related to expert opinions are highlighted, such as conflicts of interest and the possibility of expert errors. As a result, this study highlights the importance of forensic expertise in court proceedings and its impact on judicial decision-making. Practical recommendations and measures that can improve the quality and reliability of expert opinions are analyzed, contributing to a more fair and effective legal process.
Legal bases of the Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Bekov K. A. , Vartanian А. М.
Published: January 2024

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that water security in recent years has been included in the list of global risks of modernity, which requires effective water resources management. In particular, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, this issue has been one of the most acute recently. To date, there are a number of unresolved issues at the inter-national level of water resources management in the republic, as almost all freshwater resources of the country are transboundary in nature, and almost half of them are formed on the territory of neighbouring states. The purpose of this study is to analyse the existing problems in transnational water resources management in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to develop directions for their solution. The research methods include normative-legal method, expert, factual method, content analysis, comparison, generalisation, classification, synthesis and analysis. The article presents the state of water resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the present stage of development, including those of transboundary nature. The management of water resources of the republic, including at the inter-national level, is characterised, and problems in this area are revealed. Thus, the main problems to date have been attributed to: dependence on transboundary flows from the territories of neighbouring countries, primarily China and Russia, in recent years increasingly polluting rivers and increasing the volume of water withdrawal, significant wear and tear of infrastructure, low level of automation and digitalisation of management, low efficiency of control over the implementation of measures for the rational use of water resources. To solve the problems, recommendations have been proposed and promising directions for the development of transnational water resources management have been considered, which will contribute to improving the efficiency of transboundary water resources use.
Theological Interpretation of the Ke’o rado Ritual for the Cultivation of the Christian Faith Among the Ngadhanese, Flores, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Lina Paskalis , Dose Fransikus , Dhogo Petrus Cristologus
Published: January 2024

The ke'o rado ritual is a rite of reconciliation and purification for those who have had a tragic death (mata golo) in the Ngadhanesse, Flores, Eastern Indonesia. The primary purpose of this article is to interpret the meaning of the ke'o rado ritual and its theological implications. This paper is a qualitative descriptive study and participatory observation using a literature review and key informant interviews. The study found no official confirmation from the Catholic Church authorities in Ngada that ke'o rado contradicts Christian doctrine. However, some Ngada people consider that the ritual is contrary to the teachings of the Christian faith regarding salvation in Christ and thus should be abandoned. In contrast, this paper concludes that the ke'o rado ritual must be observed since it has theological significance and can be brought into dialogue with the teachings of the Christian faith.
Розвиток практичного застосування термодинамічного синтезу, що самопоширюється, при відновленні зношених механізмів
Authors: Bohomolov Eduard , Smazhilo Bogdan , Oparin Anatoly
Published: January 2024

Проаналізовано дослідження, в яких висвітлено технологічні можливості генерації металу різноманітними методами. Оглянуто публікації фахових монографій та дисертацій в яких проведено дослідження в галузі зварювання, наплавлення, ливарне виробництво де акцентовано увагу в застосуванні термодинамічного синтезу що само поширюється, або, інакше кажучи, використання процесу екзотермічного високотемпературного синтезу (ЕВС) в процесах формування сплавів. Задіяні процеси, можуть зробити істотний внесок у рішення проблем, пов’язаних з енерго- та ресурсозбереженням. І, перш за все, необхідні відомості про дослідження в сфері розвитку екзотермічного наплавлення до теперішнього часу, щоб намітити перспективи для подальших досліджень та розробок. Екзотермічне наплавлення має переваги перед іншими способами, насамперед відсутністю джерела електричної енергії та застосуванням як компонентів термітної шихти, дешевих порошків первинного алюмінію та відходу металургійного виробництва – залізної окалини, а також високою швидкістю екзотермічної реакції – до двох тонн металу може наплавитися лише за 20 секунд. Однак тривалі підготовчі роботи та труднощі контролю самого процесу наплавлення суттєво обмежують сферу застосування екзотермічного наплавлення. Але в умовах,коли відсутнє електроживлення і технологічна оснастка, а відновити утворений дефект край необхідно для подальшої працездатності того чи іншого механізму, надзвичайно перспективним є процес утворення термітного металу методом екзотермічної реакції. Для того,щоб отримати бажаний продукт високої якості, необхідно глибоко знати процес ЕВС і вміти керувати ним. Для цього потрібно знати теорію процесів ЕВС, розуміти механізм їх протікання, вплив різних параметрів. Необхідно вміти підбирати оптимальні технологічні режими, користуватись прийомами регулювання швидкості, температури та повноти горіння, а також склад та структури продуктів горіння. Необхідно знати та правильно вибирати устаткування реалізації процесу ЕВС. Ми повинні знати види та особливості матеріалів, одержуваних методом ЕВС, вміти правильно визначати їх властивості, сертифікувати кінцеві ЕВС-продукти. Нарешті, ми повинні правильно оцінити технічну та економічну ефективність конкретної технології, щоб прийняти правильне рішення для створення виробництва на основі цієї технології, яке було б рентабельним в умовах ринкової економіки.