bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palladium-catalyzed oxalyl amide assisted direct ortho-alkynylation of arylalkylamine derivatives at δ and ε positions
Authors: Guan Mingyu , Chen Changpeng , Zhang Jingyu , Zeng Runsheng , Zhao Yingsheng
Published: June 2015

Palladium-catalyzed oxalyl amide directed ortho-alkynylation of arylalkylamine derivatives via rare six- and seven-membered palladacycles has been reported.
Lanthanide coordination polymers constructed from 5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid ligand: white light emission and color tuning
Authors: Jia Jia , Xu Jianing , Wang Shengyan , Wang Pengcheng , Gao Lijuan , Yu Miao , Fan Yong , Wang Li
Published: June 2015

A series of lanthanide coordination polymers (LnCPs), namely [Ln(TZI) (H2O)5]n(1–5) [Ln = Nd (1), Eu (2), Gd (3), Tb (4) and Sm (5)], were synthesized through the self-assembly of 5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid (H3TZI) ligand and lanthanide ions.
Mass-transport driven growth dynamics of AlGaAs shells deposited around dense GaAs nanowires by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Miccoli Ilio , Prete Paola , Lovergine Nico
Published: June 2015

The MOVPE growth dynamics of AlGaAs shell material around ensembles of free-standing GaAs nanowires is presented and described by a model based on the vapor mass-transport of group-III species and the nanowires relevant size (diameter, height) and density.
Adsorption of bovine serum albumin on silver surfaces enhances the release of silver at pH neutral conditions
Authors: Wang X. , Herting G. , Odnevall Wallinder I. , Blomberg E.
Published: June 2015

Enhanced release of silver in the presence of BSA due to surface complexation between BSA and the silver substrate, followed by exchange of surface complexes with BSA molecules in solution.
A novel benzoxazine/cyanate ester blend with sea-island phase structures
Authors: Li Xiaodan , Luo Xiaoyong , Gu Yi
Published: June 2015

A novel C-BOZ/BADCy blend with sea-island phase structures was successfully prepared via reaction-induced phase separation.
Comparison studies of rheological and thermal behaviors of ionic liquids and nanoparticle ionic liquids
Authors: Xu Yiting , Zheng Qiang , Song Yihu
Published: June 2015

Novel nanoparticle ionic liquids (NILs) are prepared by grafting modified nanoparticles with long-chain ionic liquids (ILs).
Modification mechanism of praseodymium doping for the photocatalytic performance of TiO2: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Duan Zhi-Gang , Zhao Zong-Yan , Shi Qing-Nan
Published: June 2015

Pr-doped TiO2with a mono-phase crystal structure was prepared by a sol–gel method. Crystal structure, binding information, optical absorption, and photocatalytic activity were systematically investigated
Electronic transport properties of transition metal dichalcogenide field-effect devices: surface and interface effects
Authors: Schmidt Hennrik , Giustiniano Francesco , Eda Goki
Published: June 2015

We review the state-of-the-art electronic properties of atomically thin TMD FETs with a focus on surface and interface effects.
Pd–Ag/SiO2 bimetallic catalysts prepared by galvanic displacement for selective hydrogenation of acetylene in excess ethylene
Authors: Zhang Yunya , Diao Weijian , Monnier John R. , Williams Christopher T.
Published: June 2015

A series of bimetallic Pd–Ag/SiO2 catalysts with Ag enriched on the surface were prepared by galvanic displacement. The bimetallic effect for these catalysts on acetylene hydrogenation was discussed.
Cyclodextrin-based PNN supramolecular assemblies: a new class of pincer-type ligands for aqueous organometallic catalysis
Authors: Menuel S. , Bertaut E. , Monflier E. , Hapiot F.
Published: June 2015

Pt-catalysts stabilized in water by self-assembled PNN supramolecular cyclodextrin-based ligands proved to be effective in a Paal–Knorr pyrrole reaction.
Earth abundant element compounds in homogeneous catalysis
Authors: Schafer Laurel L. , Mountford Philip , Piers Warren E.
Published: June 2015

Welcome to this themed issue of Dalton Transactions in the area of earth abundant element (EAE) compounds in homogeneous catalysis.
Methods of photoelectrode characterization with high spatial and temporal resolution
Authors: Esposito Daniel V. , Baxter Jason B. , John Jimmy , Lewis Nathan S. , Moffat Thomas P. , Ogitsu Tadashi , O'Neil Glen D. , Pham Tuan Anh , Talin A. Alec , Velazquez Jesus M. , Wood Brandon C.
Published: June 2015

This article reviews computational andin situexperimental tools capable of characterizing the properties and performance of photoelectrodes used for solar fuels production with high spatial and temporal resolution.
17.6% stabilized efficiency in low-temperature processed planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Tao Chen , Neutzner Stefanie , Colella Letizia , Marras Sergio , Srimath Kandada Ajay Ram , Gandini Marina , Bastiani Michele De , Pace Giuseppina , Manna Liberato , Caironi Mario , Bertarelli Chiara , Petrozza Annamaria
Published: June 2015

Compact TiO2 is replaced by a low-temperature solution-processed TiOX/60-PCBM layer for electron extraction in perovskite solar cells with high steady conversion efficiencies.
Insights into the effect of dilute acid, hot water or alkaline pretreatment on the cellulose accessible surface area and the overall porosity of Populus
Authors: Meng Xianzhi , Wells Tyrone , Sun Qining , Huang Fang , Ragauskas Arthur
Published: June 2015

Insights into the effect of dilute acid, hot water and alkaline pretreatment on the cellulose accessible surface area and the overall porosity of Populus.
Catalyst-free amidation of aldehyde with amine under mild conditions
Authors: Yang Hongyin , Hu Wenjian , Deng Shengjue , Wu Tiantian , Cen Haiman , Chen Yiping , Zhang Dela , Wang Bo
Published: June 2015

A highly efficient, catalyst-free and one-pot procedure for the direct synthesis of amides from aldehydes and amines under mild conditions has been developed.
3D assembly of silica encapsulated semiconductor nanocrystals
Authors: Rengers Christin , Voitekhovich Sergei V. , Kittler Susann , Wolf André , Adam Marion , Gaponik Nikolai , Kaskel Stefan , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: June 2015

Silica coated colloidal quantum dots have been assembled into highly porous and strongly luminescing aerogels employing reversible metal–tetrazole linking.
Water–methanol separation with carbon nanotubes and electric fields
Authors: Winarto Winarto , Takaiwa Daisuke , Yamamoto Eiji , Yasuoka Kenji
Published: June 2015

With an electric field, water prefers filling CNTs over methanol. Formation of an ordered structure plays an important role for a separation effect.
Cellulose nanocrystals with tunable surface charge for nanomedicine
Authors: Hosseinidoust Zeinab , Alam Md Nur , Sim Goeun , Tufenkji Nathalie , van de Ven Theo G. M.
Published: June 2015

Crystalline nanoparticles of cellulose exhibit attractive properties as nanoscale carriers for bioactive molecules in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine.
Ultra-broadband and high response of the Bi2Te3–Si heterojunction and its application as a photodetector at room temperature in harsh working environments
Authors: Yao Jiandong , Shao Jianmei , Wang Yingxin , Zhao Ziran , Yang Guowei
Published: June 2015

Here, we report a vertically-constructed ultra-broadband photodetector based on a TI Bi2Te3–Si heterostructure.
Silica-coated bismuth sulfide nanorods as multimodal contrast agents for a non-invasive visualization of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Zheng Xiaopeng , Shi Junxin , Bu Yang , Tian Gan , Zhang Xiao , Yin Wenyan , Gao Bifen , Yang Zhiyong , Hu Zhongbo , Liu Xiangfeng , Yan Liang , Gu Zhanjun , Zhao Yuliang
Published: June 2015

In this paper we have prepared Bi2S3@SiO2 nanorods designed as binary contrast agents for a non-invasive and real-time visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.
Preparation of a porous Sn@C nanocomposite as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Jiang Li , Wang Chunru
Published: June 2015

A porous Sn@C nanocomposite was prepared via a facile hydrothermal method combined with a simple post-calcination process. It exhibited excellent electrochemical behavior with a high reversible capacity, long cycle life and good rate capability when used as an anode material for lithium ion batteries.
New insight on optical and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoclusters promising for near infrared theranostic applications
Authors: Huang Chih-Chia , Chang Po-Yang , Liu Chien-Liang , Xu Jia-Pu , Wu Shu-Pao , Kuo Wen-Chuan
Published: June 2015

We developed a simple synthesis reaction of ligands, hydrazine, and iron(ii) chloride to fabricate Fe3O4 cluster-structured nanoparticles (CNPs) with interesting NIR photonics and high magnetization.
Chloride-promoted Pd-catalyzed direct C–H arylation for highly efficient phosphine-free synthesis of π-conjugated polymers
Authors: Hayashi Shotaro , Koizumi Toshio
Published: June 2015

We have successfully demonstrated a chloride-promoted Pd-catalyzed phosphine-free direct C–H arylation for highly efficient synthesis of high molecular weight π-conjugated polymers.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of phthalocyanines having calixpyrrole units
Authors: Erol Zeynep Neslihan , Atienzar Pedro , Arslanoğlu Yasin , Hamuryudan Esin , García Hermenegildo
Published: June 2015

Calixpyrrole-armed metal phthalocyanine undergoes complexation by anions at the apical metal position upon light excitation.
Mechanical properties and degradation studies of poly(mannitol sebacate)/cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites
Authors: Sonseca Águeda , Sahuquillo Oscar , Foster E. Johan , Giménez Enrique
Published: June 2015

Two pre-polymers with ad-mannitol : sebacic acid 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 ratios respectively were combined with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and crosslinked applying different time–temperature profiles to obtain PMS/CNC nanocomposites with different properties.
A novel biobased plasticizer of epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether: synthesis and application in soft poly(vinyl chloride) films
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Zengshe , Jiang Jianchun , Nie Xiaoan , Zhou Yonghong , Murray Rex E.
Published: June 2015

A novel plasticizer derived from cardanol, and epoxied cardanol glycidyl ether (ECGE), was synthesized and characterized by1H-NMR and13C-NMR.
Synthesis of poly-functionalized imidazoles via vinyl azides annulation
Authors: Luo Jing , Chen Wenteng , Shao Jiaan , Liu Xingyu , Shu Ke , Tang Pai , Yu Yongping
Published: June 2015

An efficient annulation of vinyl azides with activated imines has been developed for the synthesis of poly-functionalized imidazole derivatives.
Enhanced water vapor barrier property of poly(chloro-p-xylylene) film by formation of dense surface cross-linking layer via hyperthermal hydrogen treatment
Authors: Shao Hong , Hu Xin , Xu Keqin , Tang Changyu , Zhou Yuanlin , Shuai Maobing , Mei Jun , Zhu Yan , Lau Woon-ming
Published: June 2015

C–H bonds on PPXC film were preferentially cleaved by hydrogen bombardment and then formed a cross-linking moisture barrier layer.
Thiol-based non-injection synthesis of near-infrared Ag2S/ZnS core/shell quantum dots
Authors: Jiang Peng , Wang Rong , Chen Zilin
Published: June 2015

A novel non-injection method for near-infrared Ag2S/ZnS core/shell QDs using alkanethiols as both ligand and sulfur source has been developed. The quantum yield was significantly increased after coating a ZnS shell on the Ag2S core.
A reliable self-assembled peptide based electrochemical biosensor for detection of caspase 3 activity and apoptosis
Authors: Khalilzadeh Balal , Shadjou Nasrin , Eskandani Morteza , Charoudeh Hojatollah Nozad , Omidi Yadollah , Rashidi Mohammad-Reza
Published: June 2015

A sensitive electrochemical self-assembled peptide based biosensor was developed for the detection of caspase 3 activity and apoptosis using a Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD) modified peptide and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as cleaving and electron transfer agents, respectively.
Boosting, probing and switching-off visible light-induced photocurrents in eumelanin-porous silicon hybrids
Authors: Pinna Andrea , Simbula Fabrizio , Marongiu Daniela , Pezzella Alessandro , d'Ischia Marco , Mula Guido
Published: June 2015

Improved solid state polymerization of eumelanin in porous silicon and new insights into the mechanisms of photoconduction of eumelanin films.
Improvement of the thermal conductivity and friction performance of poly(ether ether ketone)/carbon fiber laminates by addition of graphene
Authors: Liu Liu , Xiao Linghan , Zhang Xiuping , Li Ming , Chang Yanjie , Shang Lei , Ao Yuhui
Published: June 2015

Poly(ether ether ketone)/graphene/carbon fiber (PEEK/GE/CF) laminates with different weight percentages of GE were manufactured successfully through ball milling and hot-press processing.
Correction: A novel, facile, rapid, solvent free protocol for the one pot green synthesis of chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidines using reusable nano ZnAl2O4 – a NOSE approach and photophysical studies
Authors: Umamahesh Balijapalli , Mandlimath Triveni Rajashekhar , Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu I.
Published: June 2015

Correction for 'A novel, facile, rapid, solvent free protocol for the one pot green synthesis of chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidines using reusable nano ZnAl2O4 – a NOSE approach and photophysical studies' by Balijapalli Umamahesh et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 6578–6587.
Direct arylation and heterogeneous catalysis; ever the twain shall meet
Authors: Cano Rafael , Schmidt Alexander F. , McGlacken Gerard P.
Published: June 2015

We bring together the mature, yet poorly-understood, subject of heterogeneous catalysis with the rapidly expanding area of Direct Arylation, with a view towards the acceleration of catalyst design and the understanding of catalyst behaviour.
An enzyme-responsive metal-enhanced near-infrared fluorescence sensor based on functionalized gold nanoparticles
Authors: Zeng Zhanghua , Mizukami Shin , Fujita Katsumasa , Kikuchi Kazuya
Published: June 2015

An enzyme-responsive NIR nanosystem based on MEF was fabricated by surface functionalization of gold nanoparticles. Sensors based on this strategy are promising for enzyme detection in early diagnostic imaging and in vivo applications.
Amyloid-like fibrils formed from intrinsically disordered caseins: physicochemical and nanomechanical properties
Authors: Pan Kang , Zhong Qixin
Published: June 2015

Our manuscript describes the first report about synthesis and physicochemical characterizations of amyloid-like fibril from intrinsically disordered caseins under controlled condition.
Polymer functionalization to enhance interface quality of mixed matrix membranes for high CO2/CH4 gas separation
Authors: Tien-Binh Nguyen , Vinh-Thang Hoang , Chen Xiao Yuan , Rodrigue Denis , Kaliaguine Serge
Published: June 2015

Hydroxyl-functionalized homo- and co-polyimides 6FDA–(DAM)x–(HAB)y (with x : y molar ratio of 1 : 0; 2 : 1; 1 : 1; 1 : 2) and two metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), MIL-53(Al) and NH2-MIL-53(Al) were synthesized for preparation of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs).
Bio-inspired humidity responsive switch for directional water droplet delivery
Authors: Ma Xiaoyan , Cao Moyuan , Teng Chao , Li Hao , Xiao Jiasheng , Liu Kesong , Jiang Lei
Published: June 2015

In nature, the fibrils of awns can make an open–close motion in response to humidity changes.
β-Cyclodextrin stabilized magnetic Fe3S4 nanoparticles for efficient removal of Pb(ii)
Authors: Kong Long , Yan Lili , Qu Zan , Yan Naiqiang , Li Liang
Published: June 2015

Taking advantage of high adsorption capacity and efficient magnetic-separation, CD-Fe3S4 can be a promising magnetic adsorbent for Pb(ii) removal.
Monolithic nitrogen-doped graphene frameworks as ultrahigh-rate anodes for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Jia Xilai , Zhang Guolin , Wang Tihong , Zhu Xiao , Yang Fan , Li Yongfeng , Lu Yunfeng , Wei Fei
Published: June 2015

A monolithic three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene nanoarchitecture was prepared and used as a high-performance binder-free electrode for lithium ion batteries.
Ligand removal from CdS quantum dots for enhanced photocatalytic H2 generation in pH neutral water
Authors: Chang Christina M. , Orchard Katherine L. , Martindale Benjamin C. M. , Reisner Erwin
Published: June 2015

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of CdS QDs is 175 times higher in pH neutral water when surface capping ligands are removed.
Photoluminescence enhancement of Eu3+ ions by Ag species in SiO2 three-dimensionally ordered macroporous materials
Authors: Lai Shenfeng , Yang Zhengwen , Li Jun , Shao Bo , Yang Jianzhi , Wang Yida , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo
Published: June 2015

Luminescence enhancement was observed in SiO2:Ag,Eu 3DOM materials.
Liquid crystalline textures and polymer morphologies resulting from electropolymerisation in liquid crystal phases
Authors: Kasch N. , Dierking I. , Turner M. , Romero-Hasler P. , Soto-Bustamante E. A.
Published: June 2015

A small fraction of an acrylate liquid crystalline monomer (≤5%) is mixed into nematic and smectic liquid crystalline phases, and polymerised through the application of a voltage (electropolymerisation).
Correction: Structural, optical, magnetic and half-metallic studies of cobalt doped ZnS thin films deposited via chemical bath deposition
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Saeed , Alghamdi Yousef G. , Malik Mohammad Azad , Khalil Rana Muhammad Arif , Riaz Saira , Naseem Shahzad
Published: June 2015

Correction for ‘Structural, optical, magnetic and half-metallic studies of cobalt doped ZnS thin films deposited via chemical bath deposition’ by Muhammad Saeed Akhtar et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5tc00557d.
The Ability of Children With Language Impairment to Dissemble Emotions in Hypothetical Scenarios and Natural Situations
Authors: Brinton Bonnie , Fujiki Martin , Hurst Noel Quist , Jones Emily Rowberry , Spackman Matthew P.
Published: June 2015

Purpose

This study examined the ability of children with language impairment (LI) to dissemble (hide) emotional reactions when socially appropriate to do so.

Method

Twenty-two children with LI and their typically developing peers (7;1–10;11 [years;months]) participated in two tasks. First, participants were presented with hypothetical scenarios in which the main character was exposed to situations that would require dissembling an emotional reaction for social purposes (e.g., receiving a disappointing gift from a grandparent). In the second task, children were presented with four naturally occurring opportunities to dissemble emotion (e.g., receiving a disappointing reward for taking part in the study).

Results

Although the ability to dissemble emotion was still emerging in children in both groups, typically developing children judged that dissemblance was appropriate significantly more often than did children with LI in the hypothetical scenarios. In naturalistic scenarios, there was little difference between groups in low-cost scenarios (those in which the child had nothing to lose by hiding emotion). In the high-cost scenario (hiding emotion meant accepting a disappointing prize), more typically developing children concealed their disappointment than did children with LI. These differences neared statistical significance (
p
= .058).

Conclusion

Children with typically developing language showed a greater ability to dissemble in hypothetical scenarios. In naturalistic scenarios, performance was more nuanced. In low-cost scenarios, there was little difference between groups. In the high-cost scenario, typically developing children tended to dissemble more often than did children with LI.
A degeneration of two-phase solutions of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation via Riemann-Hilbert problems
Authors: Bertola Marco , Giavedoni Pietro
Published: June 2015

Two-phase solutions of focusing NLS equation are classically constructed out of an appropriate Riemann surface of genus two and expressed in terms of the corresponding theta-function. We show here that in a certain limiting regime, such solutions reduce to some elementary ones called “Solitons on unstable condensate.” This degeneration turns out to be conveniently studied by means of basic tools from the theory of Riemann-Hilbert problems. In particular, no acquaintance with Riemann surfaces and theta-function is required for such analysis.
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy of glucose aqueous solution: Analysis of the hydration state and the hydrogen bond network
Authors: Shiraga Keiichiro , Suzuki Tetsuhito , Kondo Naoshi , Tajima Takuro , Nakamura Masahito , Togo Hiroyoshi , Hirata Akihiko , Ajito Katsuhiro , Ogawa Yuichi
Published: June 2015

Recent studies of saccharides’ peculiar anti-freezing and anti-dehydration properties point to a close association with their strong hydration capability and destructuring effect on the hydrogen bond (HB) network of bulk water. The underlying mechanisms are, however, not well understood. In this respect, examination of the complex dielectric constants of saccharide aqueous solutions, especially over a broadband frequency region, should provide interesting insights into these properties, since the dielectric responses reflect corresponding dynamics over the time scales measured. In order to do this, the complex dielectric constants of glucose solutions between 0.5 GHz and 12 THz (from the microwave to the far-infrared region) were measured. We then performed analysis procedures on this broadband spectrum by decomposing it into four Debye and two Lorentz functions, with particular attention being paid to the β relaxation (glucose tumbling), δ relaxation (rotational polarization of the hydrated water), slow relaxation (reorientation of the HB network water), fast relaxation (rotation of the non-HB water), and intermolecular stretching vibration (hindered translation of water). On the basis of this analysis, we revealed that the hydrated water surrounding the glucose molecules exhibits a mono-modal relaxational dispersion with 2–3 times slower relaxation times than unperturbed bulk water and with a hydration number of around 20. Furthermore, other species of water with distorted tetrahedral HB water structures, as well as increases in the relative proportion of non-HB water molecules which have a faster relaxation time and are not a part of the surrounding bulk water HB network, was found in the vicinity of the glucose molecules. These clearly point to the HB destructuring effect of saccharide solutes in aqueous solution. The results, as a whole, provide a detailed picture of glucose–water and water–water interactions in the vicinity of the glucose molecules at various time scales from sub-picosecond to hundreds of picoseconds.
Thermocapillary migration of a spherical drop in an arbitrary transient Stokes flow
Authors: Sharanya V. , Raja Sekhar G. P.
Published: June 2015

The present problem is concerned with an arbitrary transient Stokes flow past a viscous drop. The interfacial tension gradient is assumed to be dependent on temperature which is unsteady and hence governed by unsteady heat conduction equation. Solenoidal decomposition method is used to solve the hydrodynamic problem. The unknown coefficients have been computed by using non-isothermal boundary conditions. The drag force and torque exerted on the surface of the drop are computed in the form of Faxen’s laws. Some special cases like flow due to an unsteady Stokeslet and thermal field due to a heat source have been discussed. Asymptotic expansions for drag and torque have been calculated. Further, we have computed migration velocity.
Universality of the second mixed moment of the characteristic polynomials of the 1D band matrices: Real symmetric case
Authors: Shcherbina Tatyana
Published: June 2015

We prove that the asymptotic behavior of the second mixed moment of the characteristic polynomials of the N × N 1D Gaussian real symmetric band matrices with the width of the band W ≫ N1/2 coincides with those for the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble. Here, we adapt the approach of Shcherbina [Commun. Math. Phys. 328, 45–82 (2014)], where the Hermitian case was considered.
Charged particle dynamics in turbulence: Theory and direct numerical simulations
Authors: Lu Jiang , Shaw Raymond A.
Published: June 2015

The presence of electrostatic charge can significantly alter the collision rate of inertial particles in turbulence. The influence of charge on the particle radial relative velocity and on the radial distribution function is investigated through direct numerical simulations of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence containing Lagrangian point particles. Particles with opposite charge polarity have enhanced inward radial relative velocity and radial distribution function, both increasing with decreasing separation distance. For like-charged particles, the converse is generally true. A simplified model for the influence of charge on relative velocity and radial spatial distribution is found to capture the general behavior. The model is based on the assumption of the superposition of relative velocity arising for charged particles in still fluid, and relative velocity arising from dissipation-scale turbulent velocity fluctuations.
Neutral anodic etching of GaN for vertical or crystallographic alignment
Authors: Schwab Mark J. , Han Jung , Pfefferle Lisa D.
Published: June 2015

Etching of gallium nitride for various device applications has attracted much attention; however, previous reports have all been performed in acidic or basic etchant solutions. Herein, we demonstrate how neutral electrolytes such as NaNO3 or NaCl can be used to rapidly etch n-GaN electrochemically and achieve a porous structure that is either vertically aligned or faceted according to the GaN crystallography, in NaNO3 and NaCl, respectively. It is demonstrated that the etching properties of NaNO3 and HNO3 are very similar, showing that the etching process in this system is surprisingly insensitive to pH. This neutral-pH process enables safer and greener GaN etching, as well as opening up the possibility of crystallographic etching of GaN using an anodic process.
Current noise spectra and mechanisms with dissipaton equation of motion theory
Authors: Jin Jinshuang , Wang Shikuan , Zheng Xiao , Yan YiJing
Published: June 2015

Based on the Yan’s dissipaton equation of motion (DEOM) theory [J. Chem. Phys. 140, 054105 (2014)], we investigate the characteristic features of current noise spectrum in several typical transport regimes of a single-impurity Anderson model. Many well-known features such as Kondo features are correctly recovered by our DEOM calculations. More importantly, it is revealed that the intrinsic electron cotunneling process is responsible for the characteristic signature of current noise at anti-Stokes frequency. We also identify completely destructive interference in the noise spectra of noninteracting systems with two degenerate transport channels.
Influence of the multipole order of the source on the decay of an inertial wave beam in a rotating fluid
Authors: Machicoane Nathanaël , Cortet Pierre-Philippe , Voisin Bruno , Moisy Frédéric
Published: June 2015

We analyze theoretically and experimentally the far-field viscous decay of a two-dimensional inertial wave beam emitted by a harmonic line source in a rotating fluid. By identifying the relevant conserved quantities along the wave beam, we show how the beam structure and decay exponent are governed by the multipole order of the source. Two wavemakers are considered experimentally, a pulsating and an oscillating cylinder, aiming to produce a monopole and a dipole source, respectively. The relevant conserved quantity which discriminates between these two sources is the instantaneous flow rate along the wave beam, which is non-zero for the monopole and zero for the dipole. For each source, the beam structure and decay exponent, measured using particle image velocimetry, are in good agreement with the predictions.
Raman and ab initio investigation of negative thermal expansion material TaVO5: Insights into phase stability and anharmonicity
Authors: Salke Nilesh P. , Gupta M. K. , Rao Rekha , Mittal R. , Deng Jinxia , Xing Xianran
Published: June 2015

TaVO5 is a framework structured compound that exhibits negative thermal expansion (NTE) above room temperature, upto 1073 K. We report Raman spectroscopic investigation of TaVO5 as a function of temperature in the range 77-873 K, which confirms the reported reversible low temperature transition to monoclinic phase at 259 K. Structural stability of TaVO5 at high pressures investigated using in-situ Raman spectroscopy shows a reversible structural transition at around 0.2 GPa to a phase, which is probably the same monoclinic phase as the low temperature phase, indicating that this structural phase transition may be volume driven. From the pressure and temperature dependence of the Raman modes, some of the zone centre phonon modes, particularly, the librational modes, responsible for the NTE are identified and anharmonicity of the Raman modes is also estimated. We have found that explicit anharmonicity dominates over implicit anharmonicity and the low frequency modes have significant quartic anharmonicity. The vibrational properties in the ambient phase of TaVO5 are also investigated using ab initio calculations of phonon frequencies to understand the NTE behavior as well as to complement the Raman spectroscopic measurements. Further, the eigenvectors of specific phonon modes associated with phase transition and NTE behavior of the compound have been identified from these calculations.
Surface atomic and chemical structure of relaxor Sr0.63Ba0.37Nb2O6(001)
Authors: Wang J. L. , Vilquin B. , Gautier B. , Dezanneau G. , Barrett N.
Published: June 2015

The surface atomic and chemical structures of a Sr0.63Ba0.37Nb2O6(001) single crystal are studied using the low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Sharp, well-defined LEED patterns are observed, consisting of the superposition of two surface reconstructions, (5×5)R26.6° and (52×2)R45°, probably due to long-range ordering of the alkaline earth metal vacancies in A1 or A2 sites. The Sr/Ba stoichiometry is determined by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Sr 3d core level has 2 components corresponding to the 12- and 15-fold coordinated A1 and A2 sites. The Ba 3d core level has only one component, consistent with the A2 site occupancy. The long-range order of the cation vacancies implies that it is rather the Sr/Ba occupancy of the A2 sites which is responsible for the local random fields at the origin of the relaxor behavior.
Comparisons of characteristic timescales and approximate models for Brownian magnetic nanoparticle rotations
Authors: Reeves Daniel B. , Weaver John B.
Published: June 2015

Magnetic nanoparticles are promising tools for a host of therapeutic and diagnostic medical applications. The dynamics of rotating magnetic nanoparticles in applied magnetic fields depend strongly on the type and strength of the field applied. There are two possible rotation mechanisms and the decision for the dominant mechanism is often made by comparing the equilibrium relaxation times. This is a problem when particles are driven with high-amplitude fields because they are not necessarily at equilibrium at all. Instead, it is more appropriate to consider the “characteristic timescales” that arise in various applied fields. Approximate forms for the characteristic time of Brownian particle rotations do exist and we show agreement between several analytical and phenomenological-fit models to simulated data from a stochastic Langevin equation approach. We also compare several approximate models with solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation to determine their range of validity for general fields and relaxation times. The effective field model is an excellent approximation, while the linear response solution is only useful for very low fields and frequencies for realistic Brownian particle rotations.
Ferrimagnetic and spin-glass transition in the Aurivillius compound SrBi5Ti4Cr0.5Co0.5O18
Authors: Yuan B. , Yang J. , Zuo X. Z. , Song D. P. , Tang X. W. , Zhu X. B. , Dai J. M. , Song W. H. , Sun Y. P.
Published: June 2015

Single-phase polycrystalline SrBi5Ti4CrO18 and SrBi5Ti4Cr0.5Co0.5O18 were synthesized by a modified Pechini method. Both samples have an orthorhombic structure with the space group B2cb. The valence state of Cr is suggested to be +3 and the Co ions exist in the form of Co2+ and Co3+ based on the results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sample SrBi5Ti4CrO18 exhibits the paramagnetic state, whereas SrBi5Ti4Cr0.5Co0.5O18 undergoes a ferrimagnetic transition at 89 K originating from the antiferromagnetic coupling of Cr-based and Co-based sublattices. In addition, SrBi5Ti4Cr0.5Co0.5O18 shows a typical spin-glass behavior below 89 K with zν = 6.02 and τ0 = (1.75 ± 0.33) × 10−14 s as evidenced by the results of the frequency dependence of ac susceptibility and magnetic relaxation measurements. In particular, both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of SrBi5Ti4Cr0.5Co0.5O18 exhibit the characteristics of dielectric relaxation around 89 K with the activation energy of (0.14 ± 0.02) eV, which can be ascribed to the electron hopping of Co2+-VO-Co3+ through the bridging oxygen vacancies.
Interface energetics and atomic structure of epitaxial La1−xSrxCoO3 on Nb:SrTiO3
Authors: Van Overmeere Quentin , Baniecki John D. , Yamazaki Takashi , Ricinschi Dan , Aso Hiroyuki , Miyata Yusuke , Yamada Hiroaki , Fujimura Norifumi , Kataoka Yuji , Imanaka Yoshihiko
Published: June 2015

The energetics at oxide semiconductor/La1−xSrxCoO3 heterojunctions, including the respective alignment of the valence and conduction bands, govern charge transfer and have to be determined for the design of future La1−xSrxCoO3-based devices. In this letter, the electronic and atomic structures of epitaxial La1−xSrxCoO3 on Nb-doped strontium titanate are revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and in situ x-ray and ultra violet photoelectron spectroscopies. For LaCoO3, a valence band (VB) offset of 2.8 ± 0.1 eV is deduced. The large offset is attributed to the orbital contributions of the Co 3d states to the VB maximum of the LaCoO3 thin films, with no evidence of interface dipole contributions. The sensitivity of the valence band orbital character to spin state ordering and oxygen vacancies is assessed using density functional theory.
Growth of residual stress-free ZnO films on SiO2/Si substrate at room temperature for MEMS devices
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Ranwa Sapana , Akhtar Jamil , Kumar Mahesh
Published: June 2015

ZnO thick Stress relaxed films were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on 2”-wafer of SiO2/Si at room temperature. The residual stress of ZnO films was measured by measuring the curvature of wafer using laser scanning method and found in the range of 0.18 x 109 to 11.28 x 109 dyne/cm2 with compressive in nature. Sputter pressure changes the deposition rates, which strongly affects the residual stress and surface morphologies of ZnO films. The crystalline wurtzite structure of ZnO films were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and a shift in (0002) diffraction peak of ZnO towards lower 2θ angle was observed with increasing the compressive stress in the films. The band gap of ZnO films shows a red shift from ∼3.275 eV to ∼3.23 eV as compressive stress is increased, unlike the stress for III-nitride materials. A relationship between stress and band gap of ZnO was derived and proposed. The stress-free growth of piezoelectric films is very important for functional devices applications.
The critical turn in LL
Authors: Barni Monica , Bagna Carla
Published: June 2015

The present paper aims to reflect on the development of research in LL, to analyze its role and aims, and in particular to offer a critical discussion of the methods and tools used to collect and interpret data. Our analysis intends to highlight that LL studies have expanded since the flagship study by Landry and Bourhis (1997). The objects, methods, and tools of analysis in LL have changed in order to satisfy different research goals, to describe specific aspects of LL, and to interpret and understand the public space with different and often interdisciplinary approaches — semiotic, sociological, political, geographical, economic. Starting from our research on immigrant languages in Italy and from the existing literature, our objective here is to describe how both methodologies and objects of analysis have developed over the years.
Alteration of the substrate specificity of l-amino acid ligase and selective synthesis of Met-Gly as a salt taste enhancer
Authors: Kino Haruka , Kino Kuniki
Published: June 2015

Dipeptides have unique physiological functions. This study focused on the salt-taste-enhancing dipeptide Met-Gly. BL00235, an l-amino acid ligase from Bacillus licheniformis NBRC12200, synthesizes Met-Gly as a major product as well as Met-Met as a by-product. To alter the substrate specificity of BL00235 and synthesize Met-Gly selectively, we chose to alter Pro85 residue based on the BL00235 crystal structure. We predicted that Met might be not recognized as a C-terminal substrate by occupying the space around C-terminal substrate. Pro85 was replaced with Phe, Tyr, and Trp, which have bulky aromatic side chains, by site-directed mutagenesis. These mutants lost the capacity to synthesize Met-Met, during the synthesis of Met-Gly. Furthermore, they did not synthesize Met-Met, even when methionine was used as a substrate. These results show that the amino acid residue at position 85 has a key role in C-terminal substrate specificity.
Fish Hatchery Genetic Management Techniques: Integrating Theory with Implementation
Authors: Fisch Kathleen M , Kozfkay Christine C , Ivy Jamie A , Ryder Oliver A , Waples Robin S
Published: June 2015

Artificial propagation of fish species in hatcheries has been conducted on a large scale for several decades. In recent years, however, there has been an increase in conservation hatcheries, which aim not only to produce fish for supplementing wild populations but also to preserve the genetic diversity and integrity of threatened or endangered species. Important considerations for the latter are maximizing genetic diversity and effective population size while minimizing inbreeding and adaptation to captivity. Several studies document the theoretical implementation of captive management strategies designed to achieve these goals. However, the practical application of many of these strategies to conservation hatcheries remains challenging, as the majority of the guidelines were developed for small zoo populations. The aims of this review are (1) to survey current fish conservation hatchery managers in order to assess current hatchery practices and goals; (2) to present available management strategies for conservation hatcheries that may minimize the genetic effects of artificial propagation; and (3) to present genetic management options and their trade-offs to managers developing fish conservation hatcheries. The results of the survey suggest that the majority of the responding conservation and nonconservation hatcheries use random broodstock selection and pairing techniques while valuing the importance of maintaining genetic diversity and effective population size and minimizing inbreeding. This article reviews the application of small-population management techniques to conservation hatcheries in an effort to increase their utility in recovery plans for endangered fish species.
Bacterial Community Analysis of Different Sections of a Biofilter in a Full-Scale Marine Recirculating Aquaculture System
Authors: Ruan Yun-Jie , Guo Xi-Shan , Ye Zhang-Ying , Liu Ying , Zhu Song-Ming
Published: June 2015

The indoor recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a sustainable alternative to traditional aquaculture systems, and a biofilter is a crucial component for the stable operation of this system. In this study, the bacterial communities within different sections of the biofilter in a full-scale RAS for the culture of Tongue Sole Cynoglossus semilaevis were investigated using polymerase chain reaction–based 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 67,368 effective sequences of the 16S rRNA gene with V1–V3 regions were obtained from samples collected from the front section, rear section, and sludge of the biofilter. Using a 3% cut-off level and sufficient sequencing depth, a total of 5,185 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in these sequences across all samples. However, a low shared richness of 570 OTUs (11.0% of the reads) was found in all samples, indicating a high diversity of bacterial profiles even in a single biofilter. Based on the SILVA database classifier of phylogenetic taxa, Proteobacteria (average, 35.6%) and Bacteroidetes (average, 30.7%) were found to be the predominant species in all samples, followed by Nitrospirae (6.0%) in the front section, Acidobacteria (7.9%) in the rear section, and Planctomycetes (9.7%) in the sludge. Overall, 404 genera were assigned to all samples. But among the 10 most common genera, only Nitrospira, Owenweeksia, and Marinicella were found in all samples. The results of the phylogenetic analysis suggest that the nitrifying groups of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria belong to Nitrosomonas clusters, and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria are related to Nitrospira and Nitrospina clusters. In summary, our results indicate that the RAS fixed-film biofilter is a highly species-rich ecosystem. For this reason, a potential precision-operated strategy to manage the microbial resources in the biological treatment section in an RAS should be adopted, with consideration being given to the peculiarities and requirements of the species being cultured.
Balancing Conservation and Harvest Objectives: a Review of Considerations for the Management of Salmon Hatcheries in the U.S. Pacific Northwest
Authors: Flagg Thomas A
Published: June 2015

The U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) has one of the largest suites of hatchery programs for anadromous salmonids in the world, with about 500 programs producing about 325 million juvenile fish. A total of about 0.7 million Pink Salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, 21 million steelhead O. mykiss, 50 million Chum Salmon O. keta, 32 million Sockeye Salmon O. nerka, 41 million Coho Salmon O. kisutch, and 182 million Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha are released annually from PNW hatcheries. These fish provide for robust, sustainable fisheries, and their production and release are designed to meet legal agreements, international treaties, and treaty trust responsibilities. However, this level of hatchery production is often assumed to have negative effects on the conservation of U.S. Endangered Species Act–listed salmon populations in the region. A review of the development of best management practices to balance the conservation and sustainable fisheries goals for PNW salmon hatcheries indicates that to be successful every hatchery program must (1) be scientifically defensible and relate to both published standards and statistically relevant outcomes, (2) have well-defined and documented goals with explicit biological and operational specifications, and (3) have protocols in place that enable managers to respond adaptively to new information. The focus should be on the biological integrity of the populations being propagated in or influenced by the hatchery environment, as opposed to the management of the physical facilities. Complete documentation for a proposed hatchery action component should include items ranging from hatchery location and water source(s) to all aspects of animal husbandry and harvest and the management plans for adult returns. The current science for items should be described and the choice of an action component justified in terms of either the scientific or policy basis of the expect outcome. Where appropriate, complete monitoring and evaluation plans for the proposed actions need to be described.
Activation of AMPA Receptors Mediates the Antidepressant Action of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Infralimbic Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Laura , Castañé Anna , Pérez-Caballero Laura , Grifoll Marc , López-Gil Xavier , Campa Leticia , Galofré Mireia , Berrocoso Esther , Adell Albert
Published: June 2015

Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used with success in treatment-resistant depression, little is known about its mechanism of action. We examined the antidepressant-like activity of short (1 h) DBS applied to the infralimbic prefrontal cortex in the forced swim test (FST) and the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT). We also used in vivo microdialysis to evaluate the release of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline in the prefrontal cortex and c-Fos immunohistochemistry to determine the brain regions activated by DBS. One hour of DBS of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex has antidepressant-like effects in FST and NSFT, and increases prefrontal efflux of glutamate, which would activate AMPA receptors (AMPARs). This effect is specific of the infralimbic area since it is not observed after DBS of the prelimbic subregion. The activation of prefrontal AMPARs would result in a stimulation of prefrontal output to the brainstem, thus increasing serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline in the prefrontal cortex. Further, the activation of prefrontal AMPARs is necessary and sufficient condition for the antidepressant response of 1 h DBS.
Detection of radial velocity shifts due to black hole binaries near merger
Authors: McKernan B. , Ford K. E. S.
Published: June 2015

The barycenter of a massive black hole binary will lie outside the event horizon of the primary black hole for modest values of mass ratio and binary separation. Analogous to radial velocity shifts in stellar emission lines caused by the tug of planets, the radial velocity of the primary black hole around the barycenter can leave a tell-tale oscillation in the broad component of FeKα emission from accreting gas. Near-future X-ray telescopes such as Astro-H and Athena will have the energy resolution (δE/E ≲ 10−3) to search nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN) for the presence of binaries with mass ratios q ≳ 0.01, separated by several hundred gravitational radii. The general-relativistic and Lense–Thirring precession of the periapse of the secondary orbit imprints a detectable modulation on the oscillations. The lowest mass binaries in AGN will oscillate many times within typical X-ray exposures, leading to a broadening of the line wings and an overestimate of black hole spin in these sources. Detection of periodic oscillations in the AGN line centroid energy will reveal a massive black hole binary close to merger and will provide an early warning of gravitational radiation emission.
Unusual Femur Stress Fractures in Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Intramedullary Rods on Long-term Intravenous Pamidronate Therapy
Authors: Hegazy Abdelsalam , Kenawey Mohamed , Sochett Etienne , Tile Lianne , Cheung Angela M. , Howard Andrew W.
Published: June 2015

In this report, we describe 6 children with osteogenesis imperfecta with unusual stress femoral fractures. All children were on long-term cyclic pamidronate treatment. All fractures occurred without trauma or with minimal trauma and were located in the subtrochanteric or the diaphyseal regions of the femur over preexisting intramedullary rods. These fractures have very similar features to the reported minimal trauma atypical femoral fractures in adults on long-term bisphosphonate treatment. These fractures raise concerns about the role of prolonged remodeling suppression and microdamage accumulation and the risk of increased bone fragility.