bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Úlcera de córnea em bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans) - Tratamento com Soro heterólogo
Authors: Cauduro da Rosa Carolina , Anita Marchionatti Pigatto  , Guilherme Rech Cassanego  , Fabiano da Silva Flores  , Natália Karianne Brandenburg  , Gabriella De Nardin Peixoto  , Luis Felipe Dutra Corrêa
Published: December 2024

Background: Na rotina de atendimentos de primatas não-humanos, traumas oculares costumam ser frequentes, porém, diferentemente da clínica de pequenos animais, a prevalência das úlceras de córnea não é documentada. Dentre as inúmeras opções terapêuticas em cães, o soro sanguíneo tem sido cada vez mais utilizado como tratamento adjuvante nestas afecções devido às suas propriedades semelhantes à lágrima. A partir disso, o presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever um caso de úlcera de córnea em um bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans) atacado por ouriço e a utilização do soro heterólogo obtido a partir de um equino como tratamento adjuvante.
Case: Um bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans), que havia sido atacado por espinhos de ouriço, foi atendido em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário. Durante o exame clínico, percebeu-se a presença de blefaroespasmo e secreção no olho direito e, então, prosseguiu-se com o exame oftalmológico que, através do teste de fluoresceína, detectou a presença de extensa úlcera de córnea superficial no olho direito. Após a remoção dos espinhos, iniciou-se o tratamento da úlcera corneana com colírio a base de Tobramicina, colírio de Sulfato de atropina 1% e soro proveniente de sangue equino em forma de colírio como terapia adjuvante. Após 5 dias de tratamento, repetiu-se o teste de fluoresceína, que foi negativo em ambos os olhos devido à cicatrização completa da lesão e, assim, o tratamento foi concluído.
Discussion: A escassez de literatura científica em animais selvagens é um dos responsáveis pela dificuldade dos avanços de procedimentos clínicos e cirúrgicos em primatas não-humanos. As úlceras de córnea são caracterizadas pela perda do epitélio corneano com exposição do estroma e os principais tratamentos clínicos adotados referem-se à terapia antimicrobiana, analgésicos, agentes lubrificantes e aos fármacos antiproteases. Amplamente utilizado como terapia adjuvante nas úlceras de córnea de pequenos animais, o soro sanguíneo apresenta algumas vantagens pois é rico em fatores de crescimento, vitaminas, imunoglobulinas e substâncias anticolagenolíticas, além de possuir baixo custo para sua obtenção. A partir disso, no caso relatado, optou-se pela utilização do soro sanguíneo obtido a partir de um equino como tratamento adjuvante de úlcera de córnea em um bugio-ruivo, o que corroborou para a cicatrização completa da úlcera de córnea em apenas cinco dias, contribuindo para o bem-estar dessa espécie e colaborando para a evolução da oftalmologia em espécies ainda pouco estudadas.
Descritores: úlcera de córnea, bugio-ruivo, soro heterólogo.
Avaliação ergonômica preliminar voltada ao trabalho em frigorífico de bovinos de pequeno porte
Authors: Soares Roberto , Amaral Fernando Gonçalves
Published: December 2024

Existem diversas abordagens e metodologias de análise ergonômica e várias ferramentas para se analisar os fatores de riscos em que trabalhadores podem estar expostos. Uma delas é a Ergonomia Participativa, que consiste em integrar os trabalhadores na análise dos problemas e na definição das ações para otimizar sua situação de trabalho. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a situação ergonômica no setor de abate de um frigorífico bovino de pequeno porte, por meio de uma Avaliação Ergonômica Preliminar (AEP). Para esta avaliação, foram analisadas as condições de trabalho do setor com base na estratégia SOBANE de Gestão de Riscos e das 18 rubricas da metodologia DePaRis. Ainda, a ferramenta da gestão da qualidade 5W2H, foi aplicada para planejar as ações corretivas sobre os problemas evidenciados no estudo. Complementando o plano de ação, a Matriz GUT priorizou as correções mais significativas, conforme gravidade e urgência para tratamento. Como ferramenta ergonômica, o protocolo REBA de avaliação postural, serviu para avaliar posturas desfavoráveis do ponto de vista ergonômico nos postos de trabalho do setor. O estudo concluído, elencou diversos aspectos como problemas ambientais, organização do trabalho, entre outros para serem trabalhados de forma rápida e impactante, em sua maioria com baixos custos de implantação.
APRENDIZADO TECNOLÓGICO:
Authors: Da Motta e Albuquerque Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Revoluções tecnológicas se sucedem e reconfiguram o sistema capitalista global. A propagação de novas tecnologias pode se dar segundo uma lógica expansionista inerente ao sistema ou por esforços próprios de regiões relativamente atrasadas. Este artigo trata de aprendizado tecnológico, interpretado como um elemento estratégico para a propagação de revoluções tecnológicas. Essa propagação pode variar no grau de iniciativa do ponto de vista da região atrasada — a inserção pode ser mais passiva ou mais ativa, ou seja, a capacidade de absorção tem diversos graus de construção. Nas considerações finais sugere-se que as iniciativas na periferia devem combinar quatro fases: mapeamento, escolha, assimilação e consolidação – a fase em que processos de feedbacks positivos surgem.
Reading comprehension of mathematical problems and narrative and expository texts: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Pereira Francine Baranoski , Klein Angela Ines , Szmoski Romeu Miqueias , Pereira Ana Lucia
Published: December 2024

This research investigated the reading comprehension of mathematical problems of students with better and worse performance in reading (effective and ineffective), being measured by reading and comprehension tests of narrative and expository texts and by the average school performance in the subject of Portuguese Language. The 30 students read and mentally calculated six math problems, while their eye movements were recorded. Analyzes show that effective readers read in less time, made fewer fixations and saccades compared to ineffective readers. The results indicate that the worst performance in solving mathematical problems is attributed to the inability in reading and comprehension, and it was concluded that the good performance in reading and comprehension enables the acquisition of knowledge in all areas.
Aspettando Una Tassazione Ideale
Authors: CANUTO COELHO ANDRE Felipe
Published: December 2024

Questo articolo si propone di esaminare le possibilità e le caratteristiche della tassazione ideale, associandola a una tassazione equa. Utilizzando il metodo deduttivo e ricercando dottrina, giurisprudenza e norme giuridiche, questo articolo cerca di avvicinare l'equa tassazione al principio della capacità contributiva. Attraverso un apprezzamento storico del fenomeno della tassazione associata alle manifestazioni di capacità economica, si intende dimostrare che, negli Stati fiscali con economie capitalistiche, la tassazione ideale sarà equa se conformata alla manifestazione di ricchezza imponibile dell'individuo.
Cristais de sangue
Authors: Holanda Karla
Published: December 2024

No mesmo ano de 1974 em que Bodansky e Senna filmavam Iracema - uma transa amazônica, período da ditadura civil-militar, Luna Alkalay realizava Cristais de sangue, reunindo um grupo de jovens que burlam a repressão e fazem um filme de absoluta resistência à atmosfera opressiva daquele momento. Ao analisar esta obra, convocamos outro filme, A extração de minérios, um curta-metragem produzido em 1970, pela Agência Nacional, no qual tudo vale em nome do progresso. Com esse movimento, pode-se ver, de um lado, jovens que resistem à repressão da liberdade de buscar novos caminhos, criando artimanhas de sobrevivência, não se interessando em hierarquizar relações, integrando-se ao meio ambiente. De outro, um governo autoritário e não afeito ao diálogo investia na ideia de progresso a todo custo e não se conectava com sua gente, nem com a natureza. Ao aproximar o curta tão díspar, sob uma abordagem analítica que busca encontrar elos que impliquem as obras, exercitamos uma forma que evidencia que todo filme pode se conectar a qualquer outro, sempre resultando em algo. No encontro dos dois filmes aqui propostos, podemos discutir a convivência de programas antagônicos de país, situação que se mantém até hoje. Outros encontros poderiam convidar a outras discussões. Com esse método, se propõe uma maneira revigorada de lidar com filmes realizados por mulheres, evitando que fiquem aprisionados à categoria de “cinema de mulheres”, o que muitas vezes ignora análises mais abrangentes.
Poder, disputas e geopolítica no setor farmacêutico
Authors: Stacciarini João Henrique Santana
Published: December 2024

O setor farmacêutico atingiu receitas globais de US$ 1,6 trilhão em 2023, evidenciando seu vasto poder econômico e sua influência estratégica na economia e política contemporâneas. Este artigo, baseado em uma ampla coleta, sistematização e análise de dados, examina as dinâmicas desse poder e influência. São discutidos o valor econômico (e político) das empresas do setor, as disputas entre corporações e nações atuantes, o papel geopolítico desempenhado durante a pandemia de covid-19 e a capacidade do setor de influenciar políticas internas por meio da intensa interação e financiamento de legisladores, bem como de órgãos de fiscalização e regulamentação.
A silvicultura de eucalipto em um contexto de eventos climáticos extremos: impactos ambientais e desafios no noroeste de Portugal continental
Authors: Teixeira Georgia , Rodrigues Gelze Serrat de Souza Campos , Bento-Gonçalves António
Published: December 2024

Na silvicultura portuguesa, o eucalipto é a espécie exótica mais reflorestada. Mediante levantamento bibliográfico, diagnóstico socioambiental e trabalhos de campo, esta pesquisa visou verificar a contribuição da eucaliptocultura na NUTs III do AVE, no noroeste de Portugal Continental e, seus impactos ambientais referentes aos incêndios florestais, dada à predominância da espécie em sua paisagem e sua alta inflamabilidade, abrangendo sua introdução na região aos últimos dados oficiais de 2015 e 2018. Concluímos que, a maioria dos incêndios tem origem humana e é exacerbada pela falta de gestão florestal e eventos climáticos extremos, que vem causando incêndios recorrentes e de maior significância e magnitude com impactos adversos no meio ambiente e em sua população, especialmente em áreas de Interface Urbano-Florestal.
Cognitive-behavioral modification to enhance academic self-efficacy: A case of junior high school students
Authors: Wicaksono Luhur , Suharto Suharto , Suryadi Suryadi , Michael Michael , Sulastri Endang
Published: December 2024

Academic self-efficacy (ASE) is a critical determinant of students' success, yet traditional punishment-based approaches to counseling have proven ineffective in enhancing ASE. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Modification (CBM) counseling in improving ASE among junior high school students. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a true experimental approach with a pretest-posttest control group design. Participants consisted of junior high school students from SMP Negeri 2 Malang, East Java province of Indonesia, who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received CBM counseling with a Modeling (M) technique, while the control group followed standard counseling practices. Data were collected using ASE assessments administered before and after the intervention, and analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests. Results demonstrated that CBM-M counseling significantly enhanced students' ASE compared to the control group. The findings suggest that the CBM approach, particularly when combined with modeling techniques, is highly effective in fostering positive cognitive and behavioral changes that improve ASE. These results emphasize the need for a shift from punishment-based strategies to problem-solving approaches in school counseling, with implications for broader educational practices.
Students’ thinking process in solving Pythagoras problems: Piaget’s theory in adversity quotient
Authors: Putri Saskia Rizkiana , Fitriana Laila , Kusmayadi Tri Atmojo
Published: December 2024

Mathematics involves abstract concepts that require more than memorization; it demands a deep-thinking process for true understanding. This study aims to analyze and describe the thinking processes of students in solving problems related to the Pythagorean theorem, using Jean Piaget's theory in the context of Adversity Quotient (AQ). The research design is qualitative, employing a descriptive approach. The participants were 32 eighth-grade students from SMP Negeri 2 Ngawi, East Java province, Indonesia in the 2022/2023 academic year, categorized into three AQ groups: quitters, campers, and climbers. Data collection methods included the Adversity Response Profile (ARP) questionnaire, think-aloud tests, and interviews. The data were analyzed following Miles and Huberman’s model, which involves data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate: (1) Quitters displayed both assimilation and accommodation in understanding and planning problem-solving strategies, but relied on assimilation during problem-solving and review; (2) Campers primarily engaged in assimilation throughout understanding, planning, solving, and reviewing; (3) Climbers used assimilation for understanding, planning, and reviewing, but employed both assimilation and accommodation during problem-solving execution. These findings suggest that students' AQ levels influence their cognitive processes in mathematics problem-solving, with higher AQ individuals demonstrating greater flexibility in their thinking. This has implications for educators seeking to tailor instructional approaches to students' adversity responses, enhancing both cognitive development and resilience in learning.
SAMSUN RUH SAĞLIĞI VE SİNİR HASTALIKLARI HASTANESİ’NİN (CANİK HAMİDİYE HASTANESİ) GÜNCEL KORUMA SORUNLARI ve KORUMA-YENİDEN İŞLEVLENDİRME ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: Us Fatih
Published: December 2024

Kültür mirası niteliğindeki yapıların korunması ve kent yaşamına kazandırılması, yapıya ve çevresine sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yönden katkısı bağlamında önemli bir konudur. Samsun’da Canik Hamidiye Hastanesi adıyla açılmış olan ve uzun süre Samsun Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi olarak kullanılan yapı, yıllarca âtıl durumda kalmış ve kent yaşamına katılamamış bir kültür mirasıdır. Osmanlı Dönemi’nde Samsun’da yapılmış en önemli eserlerden biri olan hastane, çıkan yangınların oluşturduğu tahribat ve bakımsızlık nedeniyle günümüzde metruk bir hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, restorasyon ve yeniden işlevlendirme çalışmaları yapılmış olan tescillenmiş Samsun Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile hedeflenen bir kültür mirasının belgelenmesini sağlamak ve korunması - yeniden işlevlendirilmesi ile ilgili öneriler sunmaktır. Bunu yaparken ilk önce yapının Canik Hamidiye Hastanesi olarak kuruluşu ve yıllar içindeki dönüşümü anlatılmakta, sonrasında mimari özellikleri ve günümüze kadar geçirdiği işlevsel ve yapısal değişimleri ortaya konmaktadır. Ayrıca hastane ile ilgili yapılmış restorasyon ve yeniden işlevlendirme çalışmaları açıklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonunda ise hastanenin en az müdahale ile korunması, yeni işlevi ile ilgili paydaşlarla tartışılarak karar verilmesi gibi kültür mirasının gelecek nesillere aktarılmasına yönelik birçok öneri sunulmaktadır.
6360 Sayılı Büyükşehir Kanunu’nun Köye ve Köylüye Etkisi: Konya/Hadim/Gerez Mahallesi Örneği
Authors: Yapıcı Hakan
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışma, 6360 sayılı yasa doğrultusunda köylülerin yerel yönetimlerin merkezileşme eğilimleri karşısında nasıl etkilendiğini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yerel yönetimlere dair son büyük değişikliğin köyleri ve köylüleri nasıl etkilediği sosyolojik olarak ele alınmaktadır. Köy ve şehirlerdeki aile yapısı, ekonomik yapı, siyasal yapı, eğitim, suç, çevre, sağlık, ulaşım gibi birçok konu küreselleşme, modernleşme ve kentleşme süreçlerinden olduğu gibi yerel yönetim anlayışlarından da etkilenmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu süreçlerin bu konular üzerindeki etkisi yerel yönetimleri (hem etkileyen hem etkilenen olarak) de ilgilendirmektedir. Türkiye’de yerel yönetimlerle ilgili değerlendirmeler, 1920’de TBMM’nin kurulmasıyla başlatılabilir. Günümüze kadar belirli yıllarda gerek yasal olarak gerekse dönemin şartlarına bağlı olarak yerel yönetimlerle ilgili değişiklikler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu değişikliklerle birlikte modernleşme, küreselleşme ve kentleşme gibi süreçlerin çerçevesinde merkezden yönetim anlayışının ya da yerinden yönetim anlayışının köyü ve köylüyü nasıl etkilediği bu çalışmanın etrafında şekillendiği sorudur. Bu minvalde nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında köylülerle yüz yüze yapılan mülakatlardan elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Bu verilerden hareketle 6360 sayılı kanunun Konya/Hadim/Gerez Mahallesi’ndeki; fiziki yatırımlara ve sosyal hayata etkisi ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Kanun sonrası Gerez Mahallesi’nde fiziki yatırımların artışı gözlemlenmiş ancak sosyal hayatın çeşitli açılardan zorlaştığı belirlenmiştir.
Analysis of Political Discourse on the Official Facebook Profiles of Split Mayoral Candidates During the Second Round of the 2021 Election Campaign
Authors: Mihanović Ijevljev Šimun , Vukić Tijana
Published: December 2024

In recent years, political actors worldwide have purposefully utilized social networks to address
their supporters and the general public, as mainstream media regularly transmit their posts to their
audiences and often relay them in their original form. Such research is lacking in Croatia, so this
study aims to contribute to the discussion on this topic. This qualitative study examines the use of
discursive techniques in posts on the official Facebook profiles of Ivica Puljak and Vice Mihanović
during the 14 days of the second round of the mayoral election campaign for Split in 2021. Drawing
on the media agenda theory, the political discourse analysis method covered posts exclusively
related to the election campaign (N=42). The analysis was based on an author-developed coding
matrix based on van Dijk's (1997) argumentation strategies. The results indicate that the candidates
utilized manipulation, keywords, the highlighting of political values, manifest and latent ideological
components in their messages, thus confirming the media agenda setting for political purposes
as a critical intention of their communication.
The Challenges Faced by Female School Administrators and the Evaluation of the Mobbing Situations They Experienced
Authors: Tacir Dişli Merve , Atasoy Ramazan
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the difficulties of being a female school administrator and the mobbing behaviours that female administrators are exposed to while working as administrators and their coping strategies with mobbing. The methodology employed is qualitative research, and the study focuses on a group of twenty female school administrators working in Şanlıurfa. The study utilised the criterion sampling method, a form of purposeful sampling, and data was collected using a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers. Data analysis was conducted using the descriptive analysis method. The findings indicate that female administrators endured various mobbing behaviours from their superiors, colleagues, teachers, and parents. Female school administrators reported experiencing issues such as social prejudice and gender discrimination. It has been determined that effective communication, professional collaboration, and psychological empowerment strategies are advantageous to cope with mobbing. Female school administrators display hesitancy in undertaking administrative tasks due to their gender-based social role perceptions specific to a patriarchal society. This difficulty is compounded by the challenges that they encounter. Female school principals encourage their female colleagues to recognise their potential and have the confidence to become administrators. It is expected that the research will bring a new perspective to the field of women administrators and contribute to the processes of appointing administrators.
The Case for Investing in Post-Crash Care in Asia and the Pacific
Authors:   Jon Hopkins University, Bachani Abdulgafoor , Patel Nishit ,   Jon Hopkins University, Ahsaan Hanaa ,   Jon Hopkins University, Shelton David ,   Asian Development Bank, Yiengprugsawan Vasoontara ,   Asian Development Bank
Published: December 2024

Road traffic injuries remain major causes of premature mortality and morbidity in low and middle-income countries.
These burdens disproportionally affect the young and working population. Beyond post-crash response, improvement at the trauma care system can reduce a patient’s length of hospital stay, average cost of health care, and improve overall functioning and quality of life post-injury. This makes investments in trauma care systems a highly cost-effective approach for multisectoral action across the health and transport sectors. The benefits of improvement in trauma care extend beyond road traffic injuries but extend to other major trauma cases,and contribute to universal health coverage.
“No claims, no trials, no compensation. Just roll up your sleeve”: social media communication on vaccine uptake sentiments in Canada
Authors: Weerasinghe Swarna D.S. , Oyebode Oladapo , Orji Rita
Published: December 2024

Social media platforms are data-rich sources of communication. We analysed 20,000 Canadian COVID vaccine tweets at two Canadian geographic and temporal levels of before and after vaccine arrivals in two provinces of British Columbia (BC) with the highest COVID vaccine uptake and Ontario (ON) with the lowest uptake. Using machine learning based sentiment analysis and topic modeling and drawing on framing theory, the positive and negative emotional sentiment were framed into actionable subframes to inform future vaccine propagation efforts. The vaccine negative sentiments that emerged were framed from a constellation of insecurities and categorized into four intertwined frames and themes: health information mavenism framed misinformation and conspiracy beliefs (20% and 16% post-vaccine reduction in BC and ON); constellation of insecurities framed antivaccine expressions and hesitancy (9% and 6% drop in BC and ON post- vaccine); pandemic of mistrust and opinions framed lack of faith and skepticism (post-vaccine arrival increased by 19% in BC and dropped by 6% in ON) and opinions and perceptions framed fear, death and worry (stable over time in BC and 20% increased in ON). Vaccine propagation efforts should consider over time disappearing misinformation and conspiracies while attentive to lingering conspiracies creating fears and worries of death.
Smoothing GAAP ETRs through Tax Accruals and the Quality of Financial Reporting
Authors: Demeré Paul , Li Laura Yue , Lisowsky Petro , Snyder R. William
Published: December 2024

This study examines whether the smoothing of GAAP effective tax rates (ETRs) using tax accruals informs or obscures financial reporting quality. We develop a GAAP ETR smoothing measure that isolates variation in tax accruals from underlying variation in cash tax planning and performance reflected in GAAP ETRs. We find that smoothing ETRs through tax accruals is beneficial to financial statement users. Our tests show that GAAP ETR smoothing is associated with (1) greater ability of current-period ETRs to predict future cash ETRs, (2) analysts producing more accurate ETR forecasts, and (3) lower incidence of restatements and tax-related financial reporting fraud. We also find some evidence consistent with managers using their discretion to achieve these benefits, rather than our results being solely an artifact of GAAP rules. Our results suggest that accrual-based GAAP ETR smoothing informs financial statement users about tax outcomes and indicates enhanced financial reporting quality.

JEL Classifications: M41; M48; H26.
Extracellular Mitochondria Exacerbate Retinal Pigment Epithelium Degeneration in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Nishikawa Keiichi , Murakami Tomoaki , Yoshida Miyo , Terada Noriko , Ishihara Kenji , Mori Yuki , Ito Shinji , Tsujikawa Akitaka
Published: December 2024

Advancements in fundus imaging are revealing disruptions in the neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy (DR). In the era of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment, a thorough characterization of neurodegeneration is imperative until patients with DR are sufficiently treated. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular mitochondria exacerbate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration and inflammation in DR. Extracellular mitochondria increased in the vitreous of patients with DR and were associated with visual impairment but not with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema. Animal experiments demonstrated detrimental effects of extracellular mitochondria on RPE and photoreceptors. Lysosomal cell death induced by extracellular mitochondria in RPE cells required mitochondrial DNA but not its pattern recognition receptors. Furthermore, biochemical screening identified candidates for DNA receptors. Among them, DNA-dependent protein kinase was necessary for extracellular mitochondria-induced cell death in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Extracellular mitochondria further induced interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in RPE cells in a Toll-like receptor 9–dependent manner. RNA sequencing suggested that extracellular mitochondria exacerbate inflammation by promoting the proliferation and migration of macrophages, at least in part. In summary, extracellular mitochondria are designated as a novel exacerbating factor of RPE degeneration in DR.

Article Highlights

A therapeutic strategy for retinal pigment epithelium degeneration should be developed in diabetic retinopathy. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underpinning retinal pigment epithelium degeneration by extracellular mitochondria in diabetic retinopathy. Extracellular mitochondria were found in the vitreous humor of patients with diabetic retinopathy and exacerbated retinal pigment epithelium degeneration through DNA-dependent protein kinase, cytokine expression via Toll-like receptor 9, and macrophage activation. Extracellular mitochondria are designated as an aggravating factor of neurodegeneration and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy.
Blood-Based Epigenetic Biomarkers Associated With Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Marchiori Marian , Maguolo Alice , Perfilyev Alexander , Maziarz Marlena , Martinell Mats , Gomez Maria F. , Ahlqvist Emma , García-Calzón Sonia , Ling Charlotte
Published: December 2024

There is an increasing need for new biomarkers to improve prediction of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to identify blood-based epigenetic biomarkers associated with incident CKD and develop a methylation risk score (MRS) predicting CKD in individuals with newly diagnosed T2D. DNA methylation was analyzed epigenome wide in blood from 487 individuals with newly diagnosed T2D, of whom 88 developed CKD during an 11.5-year follow-up. Weighted Cox regression was used to associate methylation with incident CKD. Weighted logistic models and cross-validation (k = 5) were performed to test whether the MRS could predict CKD. Methylation at 37 sites was associated with CKD development based on a false discovery rate of <5% and absolute methylation differences of ≥5% between individuals with incident CKD and those free of CKD during follow-up. Notably, 15 genes annotated to these sites, e.g., TGFBI, SHISA3, and SLC43A2 (encoding LAT4), have been linked to CKD or related risk factors, including blood pressure, BMI, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Using an MRS including 37 sites and cross-validation for prediction of CKD, we generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 for the MRS and AUC of 0.87 for the combination of MRS and clinical factors. Importantly, ROC curves including the MRS had significantly better AUCs versus the one only including clinical factors (AUC = 0.72). The combined epigenetic biomarker had high accuracy in identifying individuals free of future CKD (negative predictive value of 94.6%). We discovered a high-performance epigenetic biomarker for predicting CKD, encouraging its potential role in precision medicine, risk stratification, and targeted prevention in T2D.

Article Highlights

There is an increasing need for new biomarkers to improve the prediction and prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. We investigated whether new blood-based epigenetic biomarkers predict incident CKD in individuals with newly diagnosed T2D. We discovered a novel blood-based epigenetic biomarker, composed of a combination of a methylation risk score and clinical factors, capable of predicting CKD during an 11.5-year follow-up (area under the curve of 0.87, negative predictive value of 94.6%) in individuals with newly diagnosed T2D. The epigenetic biomarker could provide a valuable tool for early risk stratification and prevention of CKD in individuals with newly diagnosed T2D, supporting its future use for precision medicine.
Cardiovascular Complications, Kidney Failure, and Mortality in Young-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Data From the Korean National Health Insurance Service
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Han Kyungdo , Cho Won Kyoung , Suh Byung-Kyu
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

To explore all-cause mortality and the incidence of cardiovascular and renal complications among patients with young-onset diabetes in South Korea using a nationwide registry database.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data were collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort database from 2006 to 2019 for patients aged ≤30 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). The incidence rates of cardiovascular complications (myocardial infarction [MI] and stroke) and kidney failure, as well as all-cause mortality, were compared with those in the general population.

RESULTS

This study included 513,633 participants, comprising 413 with T1D, 1,250 with T2D, and 511,970 control individuals. After adjusting for sex, age, family income, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, the hazard ratio (HR) for MI was 6.76 (95% CI 2.44–18.72) and 5.07 (95% CI 2.48–10.36) for T1D and T2D, respectively. The HR for stroke was 4.65 (95% CI 1.70–12.71) and 3.30 (95% CI 1.67–6.53) for T1D and T2D, respectively. The HR for kidney failure was 20.92 (95% CI 11.40–38.39) and 2.78 (95% CI 1.37–5.64) for T1D and T2D, respectively. The mortality risk was significantly higher in patients with T1D (3.69; 95% CI 1.95–6.98) and T2D (3.06; 95% CI 2.02–4.63) than in the control group. The mortality risk was highest in the T2D subgroup of participants aged <20 years at enrollment (10.70; 95% CI 4.41–25.94).

CONCLUSIONS

In South Korea, patients with young-onset diabetes are at high risk of cardiovascular complications, kidney failure, and death.
Measuring Outcomes for Community Partner Engagement: The Case of the High-Fidelity Wraparound Program for Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nevin Amy G. , March Christine A. , Jones Lauren , Nash Kenneth , Muzumdar Radhika , Schreiber Justin , Libman Ingrid M.
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this article is to describe the processes for convening and engaging an advisory board to guide the conduct of a research study of the Type 1 Diabetes Wraparound Program (T1DWP) and associated outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We recruited a diverse advisory board (n = 21) consisting of youth with type 1 diabetes, parents/advocates, and health system partners. The board met monthly over 2 years to discuss all phases of the T1DWP study. We evaluated aspects of engagement and satisfaction among advisory board members using a monthly experience survey on a five-point Likert scale (ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree) and outcomes, including modifications to the research materials, the study protocol, and implementation.

RESULTS

We received 10 ± 3 survey responses per meeting, with representation from every role at each meeting. The overall stakeholder satisfaction score increased from 4.5 at baseline to 5.0 at month 6 and was maintained at 5.0 at month 24 as the research team responded to feedback. Average scores for specific processes of engagement were high: expectation setting (4.6 ± 0.3), co-learning (4.6 ± 0.3), transparency (4.6 ± 0.3), and decision-making (4.7 ± 0.2). Changes to the T1DWP study resulting from advisory board input included inclusion of nine additional patient-reported measures and specific diabetes resources and programming. Furthermore, the board contributed to hiring of T1DWP study staff, fundraising activities, and clinical integration of the T1DWP, demonstrating stakeholder empowerment and knowledge translation to the clinical setting.

CONCLUSION

Our processes led to several meaningful contributions to the research study. This experience illustrates the willingness and importance of partnering with stakeholders to help shape resources and programs in pediatric diabetes intervention research.
SWOT Analysis on Drone Technology in Agriculture-A Case Study Approach
Authors: Goud E. Ravi , Dhanalakshmi G. , Sudhakar M. , Chowdary K. Raghavendra , Adinarayana M. , Sohail M.
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Nandyal district, Andhra Pradesh, India during June, 2023 to March, 2024 to comprehend SWOT and determined the best entry tactics for sustainability of drone technology in agriculture by using TOWS matrix. Data was purposively collected from 120 beneficiary farmers who had used drone spraying more than twice in a single crop season under agriculture drone project. Then farmer response quantified by using IFE and EFE matrices to reveal its strengths and weaknesses along with opportunities and threats. The Internal and External factor (I-E) tool is used to summarize the information gained from drone’s external and internal environment analyses. The results found that the average for IFE and EFE score 2.50 and 2.62, respectively, which reflected that opportunities and threats are more than strength and weakness of the drone technology in agriculture. It was more effective and easy in tall and dense crops i.e. Maize, Red gram and Paddy. Less availability of spare parts, poor repair and maintenance services was founded as weaknesses of the technology. I-E Matrix concluded that, technology was obtained in cell “V”, suggested hold and maintain strategy, which indicated that drone spraying is profitable for both users and operators, but there was still scope to improve operator service centers, training facilities, and reduction of drone spraying cost, which results greater adoptability of the technology.
RESPON TIGA VARIETAS DAN APLIKASI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH GIBERELIN DAN SITOKININ TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Nursandi Fatimah , Santoso Untung , Machmudi Machmudi , Wahono Wahono
Published: December 2024

Respon tanaman terhadap zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) tergantung pada jenis dan konsentrasi ZPT,  cara aplikasi ZPT dan varietas tanaman.  Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari  pertumbuhan dan hasil  bawang merah  dengan perlakuan varietas dan aplikasi ZPT giberelin dan sitokinin. Percobaan  menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan 2 faktor yaitu varietas terdiri dari 3 varietas dan kombinasi konsentrasi-waktu aplikasi terdiri dari 4 kombinasi.  Varietas Bauji dengan aplikasi ZPT Pronas dua kali  dengan kepekatan 5 ml/l meningkatkan  bobot umbi segar /rumpun sebesar 30,0% dan bobot umbi kering /rumpun 40.6% dibanding tanpa Pronas, varietas Thailand dengan aplikasi ZPT Pronas dua kali dengan kepekatan 10 ml/l meningkatkan  bobot umbi segar /rumpun 30,7% dan bobot umbi kering /rumpun 33,7% dibanding tanpa Pronas, sedangkan varietas Manjung  aplikasi ZPT Pronas menghasilkan  bobot umbi  segar /rumpun dan bobot umbi kering/rumpun tidak berbeda dengan kontrol hanya meningkat 3,3% dan 3,7%.  Varietas Bauji dan Thailand mempunyai jumlah tunas, jumlah akar, diamater umbi dan diameter rumpun umbi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan varietas Manjung.  Jumlah akar, diameter umbi, diameter rumpun umbi meningkat dengan penyemprotan zpt Pronas dibandingkan kontrol dan penyemrpotan 2 kali pada umur 20 dan 30 HST dengan kepekatan 10 ml/l merupakan perlakuan terbaik
KERAGAMAN BAKTERI POTENSIAL PADA TANAH SAWAH DENGAN SISTEM PERTANIAN ALAMI DAN SISTEM KOVENSIONAL
Authors: Hadija Hadija
Published: December 2024

Tingginya indeks pertanaman padi di Indonesia merupakan salah satu alasan meningkatnya penggunaan input kimia. Hal ini menjadi salah satu penyebab menurunnya kualitas tanah sawah di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengklasifikasikan dan mengidentifikasi keragaman bakteri potensial pada rizosfer tanaman padi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode enumerasi, uji biokimia (karakterisasi bakteri), dan klasterisasi bakteri. Analisis lebih lanjut dari hasil pengelompokan adalah identifikasi molekuler untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri potensial hingga tingkat spesies. Dari hasil perhitungan jumlah bakteri, jumlah total bakteri tertinggi diperoleh pada lokasi yang dilakukan di lokasi dengan sistem pertanian alami. Jumlah isolat terendah diperoleh pada lokasi dengan sistem konvensional. Sebanyak 33 isolat murni berhasil diisolasi dari dua lokasi persawahan di Desa Sallasee, Kabupaten Bulukumba. Setelah dilakukan pengelompokan bakteri potensial, diperoleh enam isolat bakteri potensial pada lokasi dengan sistem pertanian alami. Keenam bakteri tersebut berpotensi karena dapat menambat nitrogen, melarutkan fosfat, IAA, enzim selulosa, dan enzim katalase. Hasil identifikasi spesies secara molekuler ditemukan tiga spesies Bacillus Subtilis (LK.2.5, LK.2.12, dan LK.2.1), juga ditemukan dua spesies Brevundimonas dengan spesies yang berbeda, yaitu isolat (LK.2.13) dan Brevundimonas diminuta strain BZC3 isolat LK. 2.8. Sementara itu isolat LK.2.2 diidentifikasi sebagai Pseudomonas azotoformans strain S4. Kemiripan spesies bakteri yang teridentifikasi antara 97% - 99% dengan data Gen Bank di NCBI. Kemampuan fungsional setiap bakteri sangat bervariasi tergantung pada spesies dan strain masing-masing bakteri.
AZOTOBACTER AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZER FOR IMPROVING GROUNDNUT YIELD IN FIELD EXPERIMENT
Authors: Hindersah Reginawanti , Yusuf Agung Muhammad , Adhiningtyas Dewikusuma Ikhsani , Herdiyantoro Diyan , Mulyani Oviyanti , Suryatmana Pujawati
Published: December 2024

Biofertilizer inoculation is a novel and sustainable approach for reducing chemical fertilizer dose. The nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter is a prominent rhizobacteria used in biofertilizer formulation. A field experiment was aimed to observe the N availability, N uptake, nodulation, and growth and yield of groundnuts grown with A. chroococcum liquid inoculant and reduced dose of NPK fertilizer. The field experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design to test eight combination treatments of A. chroococcum inoculant doses (2 and 3 L/ha) and NPK fertilizer doses (75, 150 and 300 kg/ha). Azotobacter and NPK application did not affect plant height at two and three weeks after sowing. Groundnuts treated with 2 L/ha Azotobacter combined with 150 kg/ha NPK had more NO3- in soil, N uptake, and root dry weight; its pod number and weight per plot increased 110% and 40% than that in plot received 2L/ha Azotobacter and 300 kg/ha NPK respectively. The experiment found that A. chroococcum shall replace part of NPK fertilizer for growing groundnut in Inceptisols soil order.
APLIKASI NAA PADA SETEK SINGKONG (Manihot esculenta Crantz) MENINGKATKAN JUMLAH AKAR PRODUKTIF
Authors: Puspitarini Cicilia Novian , Yusnita Yusnita , Asmara Sandi , Karyanto Agus , Widyastuti R.A. Diana
Published: December 2024

Ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis.  Produktivitas ubi kayu masih tergolong rendah. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi ubi kayu adalah aplikasi auksin untuk memacu pembentukan akar karena hal yang paling penting dari ubi kayu adalah umbi yang akan di hasilkan.  Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh NAA dan konsentrasi yang terbaik dalam meningkatkan jumlah akar produktif dan pertumbuhan tunas setek singkong. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan sebanyak 6 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali.  Perlakuan pada percobaan ini terdiri dari: A0=0 ppm NAA, A1=200 ppm NAA, A2=400 ppm NAA, A3=600 ppm NAA, A4=800 ppm NAA, dan A5=1000 ppm NAA.  Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah NAA berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tunas dan pengakaran setek singkong.  Konsentrasi 200-1000 ppm NAA meningkatkan pengakaran dan pertumbuhan tunas setek singkong, dimana konsentrasi terbaik adalah 1000 ppm NAA menghasilkan jumlah akar total, jumlah akar produktif, panjang akar, dan bobot segar akar tertinggi.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN ARANG KOMPOS BIOAKTIF (ARKOBA) SEKAM PADI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa L.) PADA TANAH ALLUVIAL
Authors: Suyanto Agus , Rahayu Sri , Irianti Agnes Tutik Purwani , Rosalina Shinta
Published: December 2024

Padi merupakan tanaman pokok yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Pengembangan budidaya padi di tanah alluvial dihadapkan beberapa kendala akibat kondisi tanah yang kurang mendukung. Diperlukan upaya untuk memperbaiki kondisi tanah alluvial salah satunya menggunakan Arang Kompos Bioaktif (Arkoba) sekam padi yang diketahui mampu mengatasi masalah tanah suboptimal alluvial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian arkoba sekam padi terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi di tanah alluvial. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Panca Bhakti Pontianak, dimulai dari bulan Desember 2022 sampai Maret 2023. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri dari 6 taraf yaitu: A0= 0 kg /petak (0 ton / ha), A1= 0,5 kg /petak (5 ton / ha), A2= 1 kg /petak (10 ton / ha), A3= 1,5 kg /petak (15 ton / ha), A4= 2  kg /petak (20 ton / ha), dan A5= 2,5 kg /petak (25 ton / ha). Parameter pengamatan terdiri dari tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan perrumpun, berat gabah kering perrumpun, bobot gabah kering per petak dan bobot 1000 butir gabah. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji F dan Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) pada taraf 5%. Dari hasil pengamatan diketahui pemberian Arkoba sekam padi dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi. Perlakuan A3 1,5 kg /petak (15 ton / ha) menunjukkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi yang lebih optimal dibanding perlakuan lainnya.
UJI DAYA HASIL SEMANGKA HIBRIDA (F1) DARI SELEKSI GALUR MURNI
Authors: Wahyudi Anung
Published: December 2024

Pure line selection is carried out in watermelon plant breeding programs to produce hybrid varieties with certain advantages and uniqueness that are different from other watermelon varieties. The aim of the research was to test the yield of F1 hybrid watermelon resulting from a selection of pure line parental crosses on lowland land (Seed Teaching Farm-Lampung). The research used six selected hybrid watermelon genotypes and four hybrid (commercial) variety genotypes as comparison varieties. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with further testing using Duncan's multiple range test at the 5% level. The research results showed that the WM 2210-0616 genotype had the highest production yield, namely 17.14 t.ha-1 compared to other genotypes. Watermelon genotypes that have the potential to be registered as new superior varieties include WM 2210-0616; WM 2210-1011; WM 2210-0608; and WM 2210-0401. These four genotypes have advantages in fruit weight, skin color, fruit shape, sugar content, and resistance to breaking during transportation. These advantages are attractive to consumers in developing hybrid varieties in the lowlands area.
PEMANFAATAN TANAMAN SELA CABAI RAWIT PADA TANAMAN LADA BELUM MENGHASILKAN DI LAHAN KERING MASAM LAMPUNG
Authors: Sinaga Rismawita , Diptaningsari Danarsi , Wardani Nila , Asnawi Robet , Arief Ratna Wylis , Mustikawati Dewi , Manurung Gohan Octora
Published: December 2024

Lada dan cabai merupakan komoditas pertanian yang dihasilkan Provinsi Lampung dengan lahan kering masam yang cukup luas. Pemanfaatan tanaman sela cabai pada tanaman lada yang belum menghasilkan (TBM) berpotensi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Tujuan studi ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman sela cabai pada tanaman lada yang belum menghasilkan dan memperoleh rekomendasi varietas cabai yang adaptif di lahan kering masam Lampung. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan Petak Terbagi (Spit Plot) dan empat ulangan. Sistem tanam sebagai petak utama, terdiri atas sistem tanam tumpang sari lada-cabai dan monokultur cabai. Anak petak yaitu varietas cabai, terdiri atas tiga varietas (Prima Agrihorti, Rabani Agrihorti dan Canon). Hasil studi ini mengindikasikan bahwa pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman sela cabai pada tanaman lada yang belum menghasilkan tidak berbeda nyata dengan sistem tanam monokultur. Varietas Canon menunjukkan daya hasil yang paling tinggi dengan intensitas serangan kutu kebul dan bekicot paling rendah. Varietas Prima Agrihorti memiliki potensi dan cukup adaptif untuk dikembangkan di lahan kering masam baik secara monokultur maupun tumpang sari lada-cabai.
APLIKASI ATRAZIN 500 g/l PADA PERTANAMAN JAGUNG
Authors: Pujisiswanto Hidayat , Nurmauli Niar , Susanto Herry
Published: December 2024

Salah satu metode pengendalian gulma yang diminati oleh petani, adalah herbisida, karena lebih efektif dan efisien dalam mengendalikan gulma, herbisida yang dapat mengendalikan gulma pada pertanaman jagung antara lain adalah Atrazin. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan  Natar dan Laboratorium Gulma Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung, bulan Agustus - November 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 7 perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Perlakuan terdiri dari (1) kontrol (tanpa penyiangan), (2) Penyiangan manual menggunakan cangkul pada 14 HST, (3) Atrazin 500 g ha-1, (4) Atrazin 750 g ha-1, (5) Atrazin 100 g ha-1, (6) Atrazin 1250 g ha-1, dan Atrazin 1500 g ha-1. Masing-masing dosis formulasi setara 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; dan 3 liter ha-1.  Atrazin disemprotkan saat tanaman jagung berumur 14 HST hanya sekali dilakukan. Homogenitas ragam diuji dengan Uji Bartlett dan aditifitas data diuji dengan Uji Tukey, jika asumsi terpenuhi, maka dilanjutkan dengan analisis ragam, pengujian nilai tengah menggunakan orthogonal kontras dan orthogonal polynomial, semua pengamatan diuji pada taraf uji 5%. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: (1)  pengendalian gulma manual dan Atrazin terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung lebih tinggi daripada tanpa pengendalian gulma, pada bobot kering brangkasan, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, bobot 100 butir, dan hasil biji (t/ha).  (2) pengendalian gulma cara manual (cangkul) tidak berbeda dengan aplikasi herbisida Atrazin terhadap bobot kering brangkasan tanaman, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, bobot 100 butir, dan hasil biji (t/ha), dan (3) Setiap penambahan 1 g Atrazin akan menekan pertumbuhan gulma sebesar 0,0106 g bobot kering gulma total dan setiap penambahan 1 g dosis Atrazin akan meningkatkan diameter tongkol jagung sebesar 0,0003 cm atau 0,03 mm.
PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, PERSEPSI RISIKO DAN KEMAJUAN TEKNOLOGI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI PADA MAHASISWA
Authors: Febriyani Mela , Damayanti  , Iqbal Harori
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh literasi keuangan, persepsi risiko, dan kemajuan teknologi terhadap keputusan investasi mahasiswa di Prodi Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis, Universitas Lampung. Dengan sampel 86 responden yang diambil melalui purposive sampling menggunakan rumus Slovin, data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner berbasis skala Likert yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis regresi linear berganda menggunakan SPSS 29.0 menunjukkan bahwa literasi keuangan, persepsi risiko, dan kemajuan teknologi, baik secara parsial maupun simultan, berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan investasi.