bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3,4,7‐Tetrahydro[1,4]thiazepines from Thiazolidines and β‐Enaminonitriles.
Authors: Calvo Luis A. , Gonzalez‐Ortega Alfonso , Marcos Rocio , Perez Monica , Sanudo M. Carmen
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Seven‐ to Nine‐Membered‐Fused Tricyclic Quinolones and Quinolinium Salts under Phase Transfer Catalyzed Conditions.
Authors: Paira Priyankar , Hazra Abhijit , Sahu Krishnendu B. , Banerjee Sukdeb , Mondal Nirup B. , Sahu Niranjan P. , Weber Manuela , Luger Peter
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Bifunctional Monophosphinate DOTA Derivative Having a Free Carboxylate Group in the Phosphorus Side Chain.
Authors: Rezanka Pavel , Kubicek Vojtech , Hermann Petr , Lukes Ivan
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrophosphonylation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Bifunctional Chiral Al(III) Complexes.
Authors: Gou Shaohua , Zhou Xin , Wang Jun , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereospecific Synthesis of a New Benzoconduritol‐C Derivative.
Authors: Kelebekli Latif
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Sulfamide‐Type Indolizidines as Glycosidase Inhibitors.
Authors: Benltifa Mahmoud , Garcia Moreno M. Isabel , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , Garcia Fernandez Jose M. , Wadouachi Anne
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Indole Alkaloids from Kopsia. Alkaloid Variation in Kopsia singapurensis.
Authors: Subramaniam G. , Kam Toh‐Seok
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nakinadines B—F: New Pyridine Alkaloids with a β‐Amino Acid Moiety from Sponge Amphimedon sp.
Authors: Nishi Takami , Kubota Takaaki , Fromont Jane , Sasaki Takuma , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Simple Alkaloids: 2,3‐Polymethylene‐4(3H)‐quinazolinones, Luotonin A, Tryptanthrin, and Rutaecarpine.
Authors: Jahng Katherine Chae , Kim Seung Ill , Kim Dong Hyeon , Seo Chang Seob , Son Jong‐Keun , Lee Seung Ho , Lee Eung Seok , Jahng Yurngdong
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Biphenyl Constituents from Garcinia oblongifolia
Authors: Wu Xu , Ke Chang‐Qiang , Yang Yi‐Ping , Ye Yang
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Induced Daldinin A, B, C with a New Skeleton from Cultures of the Ascomycete Daldinia concentrica
Authors: Shao Hong‐Jun , Qin Xiang‐Dong , Dong Ze‐Jun , Zhang Hong‐Bin , Liu Ji‐Kai
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lignans from the Fruits of Forsythia suspensa.
Authors: Piao Xiang‐Lan , Jang Moon Hee , Cui Jian , Piao Xiangshu
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium
Authors: Clarke Caroline S. , Haynes Delia A. , Rawson Jeremy M.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Thiry Anne , Supuran Claudiu T. , Masereel Bernard , Dogne Jean‐Michel
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrostructures Derived from Dichloropyrimidines
Authors: Maes W. , Dehaen W.
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Design for Oxidation
Authors: Yamada Tohru
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrates — From Chirons to Mimics
Authors: Sharma G. V. M. , Krishna Palakodety Radha
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxymethyl Tri‐O‐acetyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside 2‐O‐Lactone — A Synthon for the Preparation of Neoglucoconjugates
Authors: Queneau Yves , Chambert Stephane , Cheaib Rouba , Listkowski Arkadiusz , Doutheau Alain , Trombotto Stephane
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Ordered Mesoporous Materials as Tools for Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis
Authors: Handa Paul , Witula Tomasz , Reis Pedro , Holmberg Krister
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides: Mononucleotides
Authors: Migaud Marie
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Chemical Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activity of Kanamycin and Neomycin Class Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Authors: Wang Jinhua , Chang Cheng‐Wei Tom
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Postsynthetic Covalent Modification of Metal—Organic Framework (MOF) Materials
Authors: Song Yu‐Fei , Cronin Leroy
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous‐Wave and Pulsed ESR Methods
Authors: Jeschke Gunnar , Schlick Shulamith
Published: August 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Why do companies issue convertible bond loans? An empirical analysis for the Canadian market
Authors: Loncarski Igor , ter Horst Jenke , Veld Chris
Published: August 2008

To identify issuer motives, we study the determinants of announcement effects of convertible debt issues in the Canadian market. Classified into equity‐ and debt‐like, wealth effects are significantly more negative for equity‐like convertible bond issuers. Equity‐like convertibles are significantly negatively affected by agency costs of equity. However, agency costs of debt have no significant effect on debt‐like convertibles. Consistent with Stein (1992), this suggests convertibles in particular represent a substitute for equity. Moreover, convertible debt offers announced by income trusts experience significantly less negative wealth effects than offers by nontrusts—a finding explained by a more debt‐like convertible design, very low agency costs of equity in case of income trusts, or both. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Novel Titanium‐supported Ni‐Sn Catalysts for Methanol Electro‐oxidation
Authors: YI Qing‐Feng , HUANG Wu , YU Wen‐Qiang , LI Lei , LIU Xiao‐Ping
Published: August 2008

Novel titanium‐supported Ni‐Sn/Ti electrodes (Ni8Sn/Ti, Ni7Sn3/Ti and Ni/Ti) have been prepared using a hydrothermal method by a one step process. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the catalyst particles are present as nano‐scale flakes. Their electrochemical activity for methanol oxidation in 1 mol·L−1 NaOH was evaluated using voltammetric techniques, chronoamperometric measurements and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). It was found that the Ni8Sn/Ti electrode presents higher anodic currents and lower onset potential for methanol oxidation than Ni7Sn3/Ti, Ni/Ti and polycrystalline Ni electrodes. The EIS data indicate that under conditions of various anodic potentials and methanol concentrations, the Ni8Sn/Ti electrode displays significantly lower charge transfer resistances and high electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation.
Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids as Efficient Reaction Medium for Cyclodehydration of Diethylene Glycol
Authors: WANG Yuan‐Yuan , LI Wei , DAI Li‐Yi
Published: August 2008

Cyclodehydration of diethylene glycol using various Brønsted acidic ionic liquids as dual solvent‐catalysts was studied for the first time. Better results were obtained in the presence of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([SPmim]HSO4) than other Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids. The effects of reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time and molar ratio of ionic liquid/diethylene glycol were investigated. Good conversion rate and high selectivity were obtained in ionic liquid [SPmim]HSO4 under the optimum conditions. A Hammett method was used to determine the acidity order of these ionic liquids and the results were consistent with the catalytic activities observed in the cyclodehydration reaction.
Novel Pyrene‐armed Calix[4]arenes through Triazole Connection: Ratiometric Fluorescent Chemosensor for Zn2+ and Promising Structure for Integrated Logic Gates
Authors: ZHU Lin‐Na , GONG Shao‐Long , GONG Shu‐Ling , YANG Chu‐Luo , QIN Jin‐Gui
Published: August 2008

Two novel pyrene‐armed calix[4]arenes by triazole connection were synthesized using "click" chemistry. Compound 1 with two pyrene subunits appended to the lower rims of the calix[4]arene shows ratiometric fluorescence response toward Zn2+, and selective fluorescence quenching toward heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+; while compound 2 with one pyrene subunit exhibits significant fluorescence quenching toward Cu2+ and moderate quenching behaviour toward Hg2+. By utilizing the different fluorescence behavior of 1 toward Zn2+ and Cu2+, inhibition (INH) and not or (NOR) logic gates were established.
Arginine Catalyzed Direct Aldol Reactions in Pure Water: An Environmentally Friendly Reaction System
Authors: PENG Yi‐Yuan , WANG Qi , HE Jia‐Qi , CHENG Jin‐Pei
Published: August 2008

The first investigation of arginine catalyzed direct aldol reactions demonstrated that arginine could serve as an efficient small organo‐catalyst for the reactions of the electron deficient benzaldehydes with ketones in pure water and could be reused ten times without substantial loss of its activity.
Electrochromic Properties Based on Oligothiophene Derivatives
Authors: LA Ming , LIU Miao‐Miao , LIU Ping , DENG Wen‐Ji , TONG Zhen
Published: August 2008

In order to develop novel electrochromic materials, 5,5′′‐dicyano‐2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene (DCN3T), 5,5′′′‐dicyano‐2,2′:5′,2′′:5′′,2′′′‐tetrathiophene (DCN4T), 5,5′′′‐dimethoxy‐2,2′:5′,2′′:5′′,2′′′‐tetrathiophene (DMO4T) and 4,4′′‐bicarboxyl‐5,5′′‐bipropyl‐2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene (BP3T‐DCOOH) were synthesized, and their electrochromic properties were studied. It was found that DCN3T, DCN4T, DMO4T and BP3T‐DCOOH as solid films showed reversible, clear color changes on electrochemical doping and dedoping.
Zoledronic acid and skeletal complications in patients with solid tumors and bone metastases
Authors: Hatoum Hind T. , Lin Swu‐Jane , Smith Mathew R. , Barghout Victoria , Lipton Allan
Published: August 2008

BACKGROUND.

Bone is among the most common sites of metastasis in patients with advanced cancer, and the development of bone metastases places patients at increased risk for skeletal complications.

METHODS.

This retrospective claims analysis included only patients with a diagnosis of bone metastasis who had a single type of solid tumor of the breast (women), prostate, or lung and experienced ≥1 skeletal complication between January 2002 and October 2005.

RESULTS.

The mean follow‐up (±standard deviation) for zoledronic acid (ZA)‐treated patients versus untreated patients was 12.2 ± 9.05 months versus 8.7 ± 9.28 months, respectively (P < .001). The monthly rate of skeletal complications in ZA‐treated patients versus untreated patients was 0.29 ± 0.3 per month versus 0.43 ± 0.4 per month, respectively (P < .001). Persistent ZA use was associated with longer follow‐up duration (P < .05) and a greater probability of continuing follow‐up. Greater persistency was associated with lower monthly rates of skeletal complications (P < .05). The length of follow‐up for ZA use according to the recommended dosing schedule was 17.11 months compared with 9.93 months for nonrecommended schedules and 8.68 months for no treatment (analysis of variance; P < .001). The rate of skeletal complications with ZA use on the recommended schedule was 0.16 events per month versus 0.31 events per month for nonrecommended schedules and 0.43 events per month for no treatment. In the subgroup analysis, the mean time to first complication was 185 ± 210 days in the ZA‐treated group versus 98 ± 161 days in the untreated group (P < .0001). The mean time from the first complication to the second complication was 111 ± 124 days in the ZA‐treated group versus 86 ± 114 days in the untreated group (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS.

Real‐world evidence indicated that ZA reduced the skeletal morbidity rate and delayed the time to skeletal complications. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Pareto optimization of analog circuits considering variability
Authors: Graeb H. , Mueller‐Gritschneder D. , Schlichtmann U.
Published: August 2008

The trade‐off between competing design objectives is often decided at the beginning of the analog sizing process by assigning weights to the design objectives. Architectural design, however, requires the knowledge of all possible optimal trade‐offs of a building block. Methods for Pareto optimization provide the set of all optimal trade‐offs, the so‐called Pareto front. The next generation of analog Pareto optimization tools additionally has to consider the manufacturing variations. This paper describes an approach to this challenging problem. First, analog Pareto optimization will be developed as a set of specific nonlinear programming problems that provide a discretization of the Pareto front of competing performance features. Second, a general problem formulation to consider manufacturing variations and operating ranges of circuit parameters in analog Pareto optimization will be presented. Third, an efficient solution approach to the resulting tolerance Pareto optimization problem will be described. It is based on a combination of nominal Pareto optimization and realistic worst‐case analysis on discrete Pareto points. It provides high efficiency at acceptable loss in accuracy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Birth outcomes in women with eating disorders in the Norwegian Mother and Child cohort study (MoBa)
Authors: Bulik Cynthia M. , Von Holle Ann , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria , Torgersen Leila , Lie Kari Kveim , Hamer Robert M. , Berg Cecilie Knoph , Sullivan Patrick , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted
Published: August 2008

Objective

We explored the impact of eating disorders on birth outcomes in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Method

Of 35,929 pregnant women, 35 reported broad anorexia nervosa (AN), 304 bulimia nervosa (BN), 1,812 binge eating disorder (BED), and 36 EDNOS‐purging type (EDNOS‐P) in the six months before or during pregnancy. The referent comprised 33,742 women with no eating disorder.

Results

Pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was lower in AN and higher in BED than the referent. AN, BN, and BED mothers reported greater gestational weight gain, and smoking was elevated in all eating disorder groups. BED mothers had higher birth weight babies, lower risk of small for gestational age, and higher risk of large for gestational age and cesarean section than the referent. Pre‐pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain attenuated the effects.

Conclusion

BED influences birth outcomes either directly or via higher maternal weight and gestational weight gain. The absence of differences in AN and EDNOS‐P may reflect small numbers and lesser severity in population samples. Adequate gestational weight gain in AN may mitigate against adverse birth outcomes. Detecting eating disorders in pregnancy could identify modifiable factors (e.g., high gestational weight gain, binge eating, and smoking) that influence birth outcomes. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Susceptibility to peroxidation of the major mycelial lipids of Cunninghamella echinulata
Authors: Fakas Stylianos , Papapostolou Ioannis , Papanikolaou Seraphim , Georgiou Christos D. , Aggelis George
Published: August 2008

The distribution of hydroperoxides among lipid fractions (namely neutral lipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids, and phospholipids) of the oleaginous fungus Cunninghamella echinulata was studied during the growth cycle. The lipid hydroperoxide content of total lipids increased during growth. Neutral lipids contained a small amount of hydroperoxides (0.78×10–4–5×10–4 µmol/mg), glycolipids plus sphingolipids contained large amounts of hydroperoxides (14×10–4–17.6×10–4 µmol/mg), while the hydroperoxide content of phospholipids increased greatly during growth (from 4.6×10–4 to 38×10–4 µmol/mg). In addition, the distribution of lipid hydroperoxides among the major phospholipid classes indicated that the neutral phospholipids, namely phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, were more susceptible to peroxidation than the anionic ones (i.e. phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine). A novel parameter, namely “specific lipid peroxidizability”, which is able to evaluate the susceptibility to peroxidation (peroxidizability) of each lipid fraction/class due to the nature of the lipid itself, was introduced. By using this parameter it was found that peroxidizability depended on the nature of the individual lipid rather than on its polyunsaturated fatty acid content.
A personal view on homogeneous catalysis and its perspectives for the use of renewables
Authors: Beller Matthias
Published: August 2008

This personal account is based on a talk at the conference “Fats and Oils as Renewable Feedstock for the Chemical Industry” in Emden, Germany. It describes selected perspectives and challenges applying catalysis for the refinement of renewables. Because the author himself has not been active in the past using biomass‐based starting materials, special focus is given on the use of homogeneous catalysis as a tool for a more sustainable chemistry in industry and academia. Recent developments of catalysts in our research group are used to illustrate the current status and challenges of homogeneous catalysis in this area.
Small signal stability enhancement of a multi‐machine power system using robust and adaptive fuzzy neural network‐based power system stabilizer
Authors: Mahabuba A. , Khan M. Abdullah
Published: August 2008

This paper presents a design procedure for a robust and adaptive fuzzy neural network‐based power system stabilizer (RAFNNPSS) and investigates the robustness and adaptive feature of the RAFNNPSS for a single machine connected to an infinite bus system and multi‐machine power systems in order to enhance the dynamic stability (small signal stability of the system). The parameters of RAFNNPSS are tuned by adaptive neural network (NN). This RAFNNPSS uses adaptive network‐based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) network, which provides a natural framework of multi‐layered feed forward adaptive network using fuzzy logic inference system. In this approach, the hybrid‐learning algorithm tunes the fuzzy rules and the membership functions of the RAFNNPSS. Speed deviation of synchronous generator and its derivative are chosen as the input signals to the RAFNNPSS. The dynamic performance of single‐machine infinite bus (SMIB) system, a two‐area, five‐machine, eight‐bus power system and a large power system (10‐machine, 39‐bus New England system) with the proposed RAFNNPSS under different operating conditions and change in system parameters have been investigated. The simulation results obtained from the conventional PSS (CPSS) and Fuzzy logic‐based PSS (FPSS) are compared with the proposed RAFNNPSS. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RAFNNPSS performs well in damping and quicker response when compared with the other two PSSs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic significance of secondary cytogenetic alterations in follicular lymphomas
Authors: Johnson Nathalie A. , Al‐Tourah Abdul , Brown Carolyn. J. , Connors Joseph M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Horsman Douglas E.
Published: August 2008

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma with a long median survival. Transformation to a more aggressive histology (TLy) is a major cause of mortality. The critical events leading to TLy are unknown. We assessed the prognostic significance of secondary cytogenetic alterations on overall survival (OS) and transformation from 210 diagnostic FL biopsies. We analyzed serial and transformed karyotypes for recurrent alterations that predict transformation. Over 10 years, 31% of cases developed TLy. The only alteration in diagnostic karyotypes that correlated with an inferior OS was an additional X chromosome in males only (P = 0.005) suggesting that other mechanisms including epigenetic factors and over‐expression of genes on the X chromosome may play a role in FL pathogenesis. In transformed karyotypes, 8q24 (MYC) translocations were common (14/37) and resulted in a median survival of 3 months posttransformation (P = 0.01). In serially obtained biopsies (28 pts), 43% of the later biopsies lacked the cytogenetic alterations found in the original FL karyotype, suggesting that karyotypic progression of FL is not strictly linear in all cases. Consequently, studying clonal evolution in FL using serial biopsies may not represent the full complexity of genetic alterations leading to transformation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telomere‐mediated genomic instability and the clinico‐pathological parameters in breast cancer
Authors: Poonepalli Anuradha , Banerjee Birendranath , Ramnarayanan Kalpana , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Putti Thomas Choudary , Hande M. Prakash
Published: August 2008

A study was undertaken to correlate telomere dysfunction and genomic instability with the histopathological grades and the estrogen and progesterone receptor status in breast cancer. Sixty‐one archived breast tissues (38 cancer tissues and 23 paired normal tissues) were used in the study. The breast tumor tissues showed significantly shorter telomeres (7.7 kb) compared with the paired adjacent tissues (9.0 kb) by Southern blot analysis. Moreover, telomere shortening was more significant in Grade III tumors than in the Grade II tumors (P = 0.05). Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization on paraffin tissue sections revealed a similar trend in telomere shortening. Telomere attrition was associated with telomere dysfunction as revealed by the presence of significantly higher anaphase bridges in tumor cells which was tumor grade dependent. Furthermore, estrogen receptive negative tumors displayed higher anaphase and internuclear bridges. Selected samples from each grade showed greater genomic imbalances in the higher grades than the lower grade tumors as detected by array‐comparative genomic hybridization. Telomerase activity was found to be higher in the higher grades (Grade II and III) compared with the lower grade (Grade I). The average mRNA expression of TRF1 and POT1 was lower in the tumor tissues than in the normal tissues. Tankyrase 1 mRNA expression showed a grade‐dependent increase in tumor tissues and its expression was also high in estrogen and progesterone negative tumors. The data support the notion that telomere dysfunction might be of value as a marker of aggressiveness of the tumors in breast cancer patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A critique of the false‐positive report probability
Authors: Lucke Joseph F.
Published: August 2008

The false positive report probability (FPRP) was proposed as a Bayesian prophylactic against false reports of significant associations. Unfortunately, the derivation of the FPRP is unsound. A heuristic derivation fails to make its point, and a formal derivation reveals a probabilistic misrepresentation of an observation. As a result, the FPRP can yield serious inferential errors. In particular, the FPRP can use an observation that is many times more likely under the null hypothesis than under the alternative to infer that the null hypothesis is far less probable than the alternative. Contrary to its intended purpose, the FPRP can promote false positive results. It should not be used. A modified FPRP is derived, but it appears to have limited application and does not address the problem of false reports of significant associations. The conditional error probability is a possible replacement for the FPRP. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new association test to test multiple‐marker association
Authors: Wang Xuexia , Zhang Shuanglin , Sha Qiuying
Published: August 2008

As a result of the availability of a very large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms, there has been increasing interest in genetic associations involving several closely linked loci. Methods for detection of association between traits and multiple genetic polymorphisms are being rapidly developed, which include the Hotelling's T2 test and the LD contrast (LDC) tests. The Hotelling's T2 test can be considered as a test to compare the means of the genotypic score in cases and controls; while the (LDC) tests can be considered as a test to compare the variance‐covariance matrices of the genotypic score in cases and controls. In this article, we propose a likelihood ratio test which simultaneously compares the means and the variance‐covariance matrices of the genotypic score in cases and controls. We use simulation studies to evaluate the type I error rate of the proposed test, and compare the power of the test with the Hotelling's T2 test and the LDC tests. The simulation results show that when marginal effects of the disease loci are strong, the proposed test is more powerful than the LDC tests and similar with or slightly less powerful than the Hotelling's T2 test. If there are interaction effects and weak or no marginal effects, the proposed method is more powerful than the Hotelling's T2 test and slightly more powerful than the LDC tests. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of elderly suicide rates among migrants in England and Wales with their country of origin
Authors: Shah Ajit , Lindesay James , Dennis Mick
Published: August 2008

Background

The black and minority ethnic (BME) elderly population size in England and Wales has progressively increased over the last three decades. Only two studies, both well over a decade old, have compared suicide rates in BME groups in England and Wales with those in their country of origin.

Methods

A study comparing suicide rates among elderly migrants in England and Wales and in their country of origin using the latest available mortality data from the Office of National Statistics and the World Health Organization was conducted.

Results

There were wide variations in standardised mortality ratios for elderly suicides among migrants from different countries compared with those born in England and Wales and in their country of origin. There was convergence towards elderly suicide rates for England and Wales in some migrant groups in males in the age‐bands 65–74 years and 75 + years, and in females in the age‐band 75 + years. However, males aged 75 + years from most migrant groups had higher rates than those born in England and Wales.

Conclusion

A more detailed analysis of suicide of older people from migrant groups is required to determine vulnerability and protective influences. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Demographics, employment motivations, and roles of part‐time faculty at virtual universities
Authors: Lefebvre Lauryl A.
Published: August 2008

Faculty members working within virtual university settings are distinguished demographically and by their employment motivations and work roles.
Recruitment, retention, and mentoring faculty of color: The chronicle continues
Authors: Thompson Chasity Q.
Published: August 2008

Faculty of color continue to face challenges with recruitment, retention, and mentoring in academe.
Speech outcomes after soft palate reconstruction with the soft palate insufficiency repair procedure
Authors: Rieger Jana M. , Zalmanowitz Jana G. , Li Shirley Y. Y. , Tang Judith Lam , Williams David , Harris Jeffrey , Seikaly Hadi
Published: August 2008

Background.

Measurement of functional outcomes related to different methods of soft palate reconstruction is necessary to determine efficacy of surgical intervention after resection for oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods.

Speech data were collected across 4 evaluation times for 4 groups of patients (2 groups consisted of patients with ≤ half the soft palate resected followed by conventional reconstruction; 2 groups consisted of patients with half or more of the soft palate resected followed by reconstruction with an adhesion or the soft palate insufficiency repair (SPIR).

Results.

Sixty‐two patients were included. Speech was preserved when conventional reconstructive procedures were used to close smaller defects. For larger defects, reconstruction with an adhesion resulted in poorer speech outcomes than the SPIR. The SPIR group achieved normal speech results at all points of evaluation.

Conclusions.

The results demonstrate that the SPIR is emerging as an efficacious surgical technique for reconstruction of larger soft palate defects. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
The glass ceiling in human resources: Exploring the link between women's representation in management and the practices of strategic human resource management and employee involvement
Authors: Pichler Shaun , Simpson Patricia A. , Stroh Linda K.
Published: August 2008

Research on sex stereotypes suggests that gender bias is an invisible barrier—the so‐called glass ceiling—preventing women from breaking into the highest levels of management in business organizations. Using data from a state‐based professional HR organization, we investigated this phenomenon in the field of HR management. Building on the lack of fit model of gender discrimination and previous research, we tested two hypotheses: that women in HR are more likely to be concentrated in lower‐level managerial positions in organizations that emphasize employee involvement (because of a related emphasis on stereotypically feminine managerial abilities) and that women in HR also are more likely to be concentrated in lower‐level managerial positions in organizations that emphasize strategic human resource management (because of a related emphasis on stereotypically masculine characteristics). Our results support the first but not the second hypothesis. Theoretical and practical implications related to the glass ceiling are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Information technology usage and human resource roles and effectiveness
Authors: Haines Victor Y. , Lafleur Geneviève
Published: August 2008

The human resource function has undergone dramatic change, owing, it would seem, to greater use of rapidly evolving information technology. This study presents the results of an empirical investigation into the associations between the use of information technology and the roles and effectiveness of the human resource function. The results support relationships between information technology use and greater involvement in the strategic HR roles of business partner and change agent. Positive associations between information technology use and technical and strategic effectiveness also revealed the transformational potential of information technology–supported human resource management applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and test of a model of external organizational commitment in human resources outsourcing
Authors: Lievens Filip , Corte Wilfried De
Published: August 2008

Most prior outsourcing studies in the human resources domain have focused on the initial decision for outsourcing HR activities. Hence, little is known about HR managers' commitment to continue an already existing outsourcing relationship. This study constitutes a first step to increase our understanding of the factors related to the continuity of HR outsourcing relationships. We developed and tested a model of HR managers' (N = 186) commitment in outsourcing relationships. Affective commitment or the desire for the outsourcing relationship to continue was related to the depth and frequency of HR outsourcing. Conversely, continuance commitment, which refers to the constraints that keep the outsourcing relationship intact, was not related to the continuity of HR outsourcing. Finally, affective commitment was fostered by HR managers' perception that HR vendors shared the same values for managing people. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Another step toward global convergence
Authors: Cheng Kang
Published: August 2008

The Financial Accounting Standards Board and the International Accounting Standards Board have worked together to develop a single set of accounting standards for business combinations. It will make things easier for corporate finance and accounting professionals when dealing with domestic versus international acquisitions.

However, at first glance, the new FASB standard looks like a total revision of SFAS No. 141. What are the latest changes? © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The subprime crisis: Lessons for global business
Authors: Sherman Andrew J. , Tana Kartikeya
Published: August 2008

What are the lessons for global business from the continuing U.S. subprime credit crisis? © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pitfalls in using the balanced scorecard
Authors: Norreklit Hanne , Jacobsen Marten , Mitchell Falconer
Published: August 2008

The balanced scorecard has quickly become a leading management tool. But business performance measurement is notoriously difficult, so any system, including the balanced scorecard, is likely to have unanticipated and often dysfunctional consequences. This article briefly reviews the main attractions of the balanced scorecard and then shows how these apparent advantages might lead to problems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of sonographic diagnostic criteria for placenta accreta
Authors: Wong Hong Soo , Cheung Ying Kei , Zuccollo Jane , Tait John , Pringle Kevin C.
Published: August 2008

Purpose.

To compare the diagnostic value of reported sonographic criteria for placenta accreta and to develop a composite score system for antenatal evaluation.

Method.

Sixty‐six women at risk for placenta accreta were examined for 9 cases of placenta accreta that were confirmed at delivery. The performance of previously reported gray‐scale and Doppler sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of placenta accreta was analyzed individually. A composite score system was developed by combining selected sensitive or specific sonographic criteria, and its performance was evaluated.

Results.

The criteria of obliteration of retroplacental clear space, a myometrial thickness of <1 mm, presence of vessels bridging placenta and uterine margin, disruption of the placental–uterine wall interface, and vessels crossing the sites of interface disruption showed a statistically significant association with placenta accreta. The disruption of the placental–uterine wall interface and the presence of vessels crossing these sites were the only 2 individual criteria that could distinguish placenta accreta from non‐accreta, which could also be achieved by our composite score system using a cutoff value of 40, with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 98%.

Conclusion.

The diagnostic performance of the sonographic diagnostic criteria used in the diagnosis of placenta accreta varies, and a composite score system improves the overall accuracy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Histology and ultrastructure of Aedes albopictus larval midgut infected with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
Authors: Silva Vanderlei C. , Pinheiro Nadja L. , Scherer Paulo O. , Falcão Simone S. , Ribeiro Vinicius R. , Mendes Rosa Maria M. , Chagas Rodrigo , Cardozo‐De‐Almeida Margareth , Dos Santos‐Mallet Jacenir Reis
Published: August 2008

Histological and ultrastrucutural alterations in the midgut of Aedes albopictus larvae infected with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two formulations of Bti were used: granulated and powder, with 0.2% active ingredient in 90 larvae of Ae. albopictus distributed in three containers containing 30 larvae each (one control group and two test groups). The midgut epithelium of the control group presented flattened and elongated cells with mace‐shape with a narrow base. Midgut epithelium cells' surface was convex and had a large circular nucleus located in the median‐apical portion of the cell. These cells also presented a basal lamina with a small accumulation of extracellular fibrous matrix, thus characterizing a basal membrane, with a muscle layer and a peritoneal membrane more externally. After Bti ingestion, the larvae stopped/slowed their natural movements down in 5 min. After 30 min approximately, the swimming movements stopped completely. Internally, the intestinal cells showed a disorganization of the basal processes, dilatation and fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, with intense cytoplasmic vacuolization. There were concentric dense laminas accumulated in the cytoplasm, and these residual membranous bodies were seen greatly increased in size after 60 min. Mitochondria, fragments of rough endoplasmic reticulum and other remainder organelles were surrounded and segregated from the cytoplasm by exocytosis. This article reports the histopathological alterations in the midgut of Ae. albopictus after infection with Bti and contributes to a better understanding of the mode of action of this bacterial strain used as bioinsecticide against mosquito larvae. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and spatial organization of the air conduits in the lung of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus
Authors: Makanya A.N. , Djonov V.
Published: August 2008

We employed macroscopic and ultrastructural techniques as well as intratracheal casting methods to investigate the pattern of development, categories, and arrangement of the air conduits in the chicken lung. The secondary bronchi included four medioventral (MVSB), 7–10 laterodorsal (LDSB), 1–3 lateroventral (LVSB), several sacobronchi, and 20–60 posterior secondary bronchi (POSB). The latter category has not been described before and is best discerned from the internal aspect of the mesobronchus. The secondary bronchi emerged directly from the mesobronchus, except for the sacobronchi, which sprouted from the air sacs. Parabronchi from the first MVSB coursed craniodorsally and inosculated their cognates from the first two LDSB. The parabronchi from the rest of the LDSB curved dorsomedially to join those from the rest of the MVSB at the dorsal border. Sprouting, migration, and anastomoses of the paleopulmonic parabronchi resulted in two groups of these air conduits; a cranial group oriented rostrocaudally and a dorsal group oriented dorsoventrally. The neopulmonic parabronchial network formed through profuse branching and anastomoses and occupied the ventrocaudal quarter of the lung. There were no differences in the number of secondary bronchi between the left and right lungs. Notably, a combination of several visualization techniques is requisite to adequately identify and enumerate all the categories of secondary bronchi present. The 3D arrangement of the air conduits ensures a sophisticated system, suitable for efficient gas exchange. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allergenic compounds on the inner and outer surfaces of natural latex gloves: MALDI mass spectrometry and imaging of proteinous allergens
Authors: Marchetti‐Deschmann Martina , Allmaier Günter
Published: August 2008

Natural latex gloves are the cause of a severe health problem to an increasing number of healthcare workers or patients due to the presence of protein allergens as Hevein or Rubber Elongation Factor (REF). One of the most challenging problems is the in situ localization of theses allergens in, e.g. gloves, to estimate the allergenic potential of the latex material. A sample preparation protocol applying a binary matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization(MALDI) matrix containing α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxy cinnamic acid (CHCA) and 2,5‐dihydroxy benzoic acid (DHB) on trifluoro acetic acid (TFA) etched latex glove surfaces allowed the direct determination (exact molecular weight) of Hevein, REF and a truncated form of REF (tREF) within nine different brands of natural latex gloves by means of MALDI‐TOF‐MS in the linear mode. MALDI mass spectrometry demonstrated that Hevein, tREF and REF were present on the inner surfaces (in direct contact with the skin) of many, but not all, investigated gloves without any prior extraction procedure. Additionally, different isoforms of the allergen Hevein were detected (exhibiting ragged C‐termini). tREF and REF could always be detected beside each other, but were not observed on every latex glove sample, which contained Hevein. It was also demonstrated that there is a significant difference in terms of proteins and polymers between inner and outer surfaces of gloves, which helps to explain the different allergenic potential of these.

MALDI imaging allowed for the first time the unambiguous localization of all three allergens in parallel and showed that Hevein was present on 36% of the investigated area of a latex glove with a certain localization, whereupon, tREF and REF were only found on 25% of the investigated material. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.