bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TGF-β signaling and Creb5 cooperatively regulate Fgf18 to control pharyngeal muscle development
Authors: Feng Jifan , Han Xia , Yuan Yuan , Cho Courtney Kyeong , Janečková Eva , Guo Tingwei , Pareek Siddhika , Rahman Md Shaifur , Zheng Banghong , Bi Jing , Jing Junjun , Zhang Mingyi , Xu Jian , Ho Thach-Vu , Chai Yang
Published: December 2022

The communication between myogenic cells and their surrounding connective tissues is indispensable for muscle morphogenesis. During late embryonic development in mice, myogenic progenitors migrate to discrete sites to form individual muscles. The detailed mechanism of this process remains unclear. Using mouse levator veli palatini (LVP) development as a model, we systematically investigated how a distinct connective tissue subpopulation, perimysial fibroblasts, communicates with myogenic cells to regulate mouse pharyngeal myogenesis. Using single-cell RNAseq data analysis, we identified that TGF-β signaling is a key regulator for the perimysial fibroblasts. Loss of TGF-β signaling in the neural crest-derived palatal mesenchyme leads to defects in perimysial fibroblasts and muscle malformation in the soft palate in Osr2Cre;Tgfbr1fl/fl mice. In particular, Creb5, a transcription factor expressed in the perimysial fibroblasts, cooperates with TGF-β signaling to activate expression of Fgf18. Moreover, Fgf18 supports pharyngeal muscle development in vivo and exogenous Fgf18 can partially rescue myogenic cell numbers in Osr2Cre;Tgfbr1fl/fl samples, illustrating that TGF-β-regulated Fgf18 signaling is required for LVP development. Collectively, our findings reveal the mechanism by which TGF-β signaling achieves its functional specificity in defining the perimysial-to-myogenic signals for pharyngeal myogenesis.
Jødetysk, jargon, jiddisk
Authors: Hårstad Stian
Published: December 2022

Et sentralt element i den kulturimporten som ledsaga innvandringa av såkalte østjøder til Norge i siste halvdel av 1800-tallet, var språket som blei brukt av det store flertallet av denne gruppa, det vi i dag kaller jiddisk. Mye tyder imidlertid på at både språket og språknavnet var relativt vage begrep for nordmenn flest langt inn på 1900-tallet, og artikkelen forsøker å kartlegge hvordan “jødenes språk” blei omtalt i denne nasjonale minoritetens tidlige fase. Dermed får vi et innblikk i hvilke sosio­lingvistiske konseptualiseringer som oppsto i møte med et – for mange – ukjent språklig fenomen. Ei lang rekke skriftlige kjelder, med hoved­vekt på massemedier som aviser, blad og tidsskrifter, er granska med særlig blikk for de benevnelsene som blei brukt om “jøders språk” i en norsk sammenheng. Denne kartlegginga tegner et bilde av en langtrukken språkskapings­prosess der et mer entydig glottonym, språknavn, ikke blir etablert før etter flere tiår. Dette kan ses som en følge av at denne språk­praksisens status som språk vedvarende har blitt trukket i tvil fra ulike hold. Materialet får også fram at den trege konsolideringa av jiddisk i Norge har sammenheng med internasjonale tendenser i diskusjonen om jødisk språk og kultur fra samme tid.
Evaluation of primers for the detection of deadwood-inhabiting archaea via amplicon sequencing
Authors: Moll Julia , Hoppe Björn
Published: December 2022

Archaea have been reported from deadwood of a few different tree species in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems in the past. However, while one of their functions is well linked to methane production any additional contribution to wood decomposition is not understood and underexplored which may be also attributed to lacking investigations on their diversity in this substrate. With this current work, we aim at encouraging further investigations by providing aid in primer choice for DNA metabarcoding using Illumina amplicon sequencing. We tested 16S primer pairs on genomic DNA extracted from woody tissue of four temperate deciduous tree species. Three primer pairs were specific to archaea and one prokaryotic primer pair theoretically amplifies both, bacterial and archaeal DNA. Methanobacteriales and Methanomassiliicoccales have been consistently identified as dominant orders across all datasets but significant variability in ASV richness was observed using different primer combinations. Nitrososphaerales have only been identified when using archaea-specific primer sets. In addition, the most commonly applied primer combination targeting prokaryotes in general yielded the lowest relative proportion of archaeal sequences per sample, which underlines the fact, that using target specific primers unraveled a yet unknown diversity of archaea in deadwood. Hence, archaea seem to be an important group of the deadwood-inhabiting community and further research is needed to explore their role during the decomposition process.
La Variabilidad del Ritmo Cardíaco en Reposo como Sustrato Fisiológico para Comprender la Regulación Emocional en Adultos Sanos
Authors:   Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Católica Santa María la Antigua, Panamá, Díaz Rubén A. , Valdés-Sánchez Nelson ,   Carrera de Psicología, Universidad Santo Tomás, Sede Santiago, Hernández Cristóbal ,   Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Quevedo Yamil ,   Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
Published: December 2022

La capacidad de regular las emociones es relevante para el bienestar, mientras que la incapacidad de ajustar los sistemas fisiológicos en respuesta a las demandas del entorno se asocia con el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de la psicopatología. Numerosos estudios demuestran que la Variabilidad del Ritmo Cardíaco (VRC) es un marcador psicofisiológico de la regulación vagal, que se refleja en los índices de funcionamiento psicológico. Se reclutaron 201 estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos (de 18 a 29 años) que participaron voluntariamente. Las dificultades de regulación emocional se midieron con la Escala de Dificultades de Regulación Emocional (DERS-E), mientras que el funcionamiento psicológico se midió con el Cuestionario de Resultados (OQ-30.2) y la sintomatología depresiva con el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-I). Además, se midió la VRC durante un período de descanso de 5 minutos con un sistema de electrocardiograma ambulatorio incorporado, como medida psicofisiológica válida de los procesos somáticos subyacentes al procesamiento emocional. El objetivo fue demostrar que: a) la regulación emocional media parcialmente la relación entre la VRC y el funcionamiento psicológico y entre la VRC y la sintomatología depresiva; b) la VRC se asocia negativamente con las dificultades de regulación emocional, los problemas en el funcionamiento psicológico y la sintomatología depresiva; y c) las dificultades de regulación emocional se asocian positivamente con los problemas en el funcionamiento psicológico y la sintomatología depresiva. Los resultados mostraron que a menor VRC mayor es el nivel de problemas en el funcionamiento psicológico de la persona, si se controlan las dificultades en la regulación emocional. Sin embargo, la VRC no se relacionó significativamente con la percepción de los participantes sobre las dificultades de regulación emocional ni con la sintomatología depresiva. Se discuten los resultados y se esbozan sugerencias para futuras investigaciones.
Association of Gonial Angle with Hand Grip Strength in Vertical, Horizontal and Average Growers: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Awachat Akshata , Jadhav Vikrant , Reche Amit , Nerurkar Sumukh , Paul Priyanka , Kakde Kadambari , Taori Devyani
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The orthodontic treatment focuses on improving facial esthetics and functional occlusion by improving the masticatory function, including masticatory chewing pattern, masticatory muscle activity, maximum occlusal force, and occlusal contact area. In orthodontics, every decision is based on the patient’s growth pattern and muscle strength. Aim: To evaluate the gonial angle, hand grip strength and association of the gonial angle with Hand Grip Strength(HGS) in vertical, horizontal and average growers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 24th June 2021 to 24th July 2022 in the Orthodontics Department at Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital in Sawangi, Wardha District, Maharashtra, India on a total of 196 patients. Data were categorized according to the growth pattern. For the vertical growth pattern, 49 patients were selected, 49 for the horizontal growth pattern, and 98 for the average growth pattern. A Jamar hand dynamometer was used to measure HGS and gonial angle using a lateral cephalogram. Study compared the results using inferential and descriptive statistics with a Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (one-way) and multiple comparisons with the Tukey test. Also, p<0.05 was considered as a level of significance. Results: The data of total of 49 patients in vertical growth pattern, 49 for the horizontal growth pattern, and 98 for the average growth pattern was collected and analysed. Grip strength and Gonial angle were compared between horizontal, average, and vertical growers. The gonial angle ranged from 101°to 124° in the average growth pattern, 81° to 99° in the horizontal growth pattern and 121° to 156° in the vertical growth pattern. The HGS in the horizontal growth pattern patients ranged from 27.2 Kg to 57.5 Kg. The HGS in the vertical growth pattern ranged from 14.7 Kg to 37.7 Kg. In the vertical growth pattern, the HGS was decreased compared to the Horizontal growth pattern group. To determine the factor of HGS, Gonial angle is the most prominent one. The assessment of growth patterns is vital in diagnosis and treatment planning. Conclusion: The study concluded that due to weak muscle strength, vertical group cases should be treated more carefully
Slip Effect on Magnetohydrodynamic Boundary Layer Flow of Nanofluid over an Stretching Sheet with Thermal Radiation and Thermal Convective Boundary Condition
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Poonia Hemant
Published: December 2022

The objective of the current analysis is to study the influence of MHD on flow of an ethylene glycol-based nanofluid containing copper nanoparticles through a exponential stretching sheet. Several parameters including Dufour, thermal radiation, Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), and Eckart number, were investigated for their impacts on fluid flow, heat and mass transfer profiles, and thermal convective boundary conditions, while Navier velocity slip was also considered. The basic PDEs are transformed into nondimensional ODEs using appropriate transformations and numerically characterized by bvp4c. The graphs examine the influence of relevant parameters on heat and mass transfer profiles. The velocity profile decrease with slip effect. As the Biot number increased, the thermal layer became thicker. The Nusselt number are the decline functions of magnetic field, Eckert number and Brownian diffusion but the local Sherwood number enhanced with these parameters. The Nusselt number intensifies with radiation parameter Rd, slip parameter \(\lambda\) and Biot numberBi. The temperature and concentration profiles rises with increase in Nt.
Monitoring of Pesticide Multi Residues in Selected Cereals Crop Grains in United Arab Emirates
Authors: El-Mageed Nasra M. Abd , Abu-Abdoun Ideisan I. , Kayaf Kaltham A. H. , Alamin Malik M. , Jabri Aisha O. Al , AlShamsi Amna K.
Published: December 2022

Assessing the contamination of cereals and their manufactured products with pesticide residues is a topic of global importance, and monitoring studies are needed to analyze multiple residues at trace levels. Current study was conducted to monitor pesticide residues in various cereals (corn, oats, rice, barley, sorghum and wheat) imported into the UAE as part of official surveillance. A total of 1,440 samples were collected during 2020 and 2021.

Modified QuEChERS method for pesticide residue screening based on multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with advanced gas and/or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were optimized for monitoring 400 pesticides residues in cereals, and the method was validated for oats, rice, barley and corn matrices, following the European Commission guidelines achieving good recovery values in the range 70–120% with relative standard deviation values lower than 20% and providing limits of quantification of the method in the low mg/kg range, in accordance to the maximum residue limits set by European policies and CODEX.

Results from monitoring showed that among the Cereals Grains samples, 903 samples (62.7%) were free from detectable residues, while 419 samples (29.09%) contained residues and 121 samples (8.4%) had residues exceeded the MRLs allowed by the EU legislation and/or COEDX. Tricyclazole, Thiamethoxam, Carbendazim and Buprofesin were the most frequently detected exceeded the MRLs in samples.
MATERIALISE THIRDSPACE THROUGH SOCIO-SPATIAL INTEGRATION (Cases of Study: Thamrin 10, Jalan H. Agus Salim, Jalan Percetakan Negara, and Jalan Kramat Raya)
Authors: Dwisusanto Yohannes Basuki , Juwita Ruth Dea
Published: December 2022

Urban informality is a phenomenon of everyday life in Jakarta but has not been extensively discussed, especially in spatial design practice. Previous study shows that informal space in the city is shaped by economic activities and urban opportunities heavily influence the flow of urbanisation in Indonesia. The study aims to examine the materialisation of Thirdspace through the forms of socio-spatial integration using Henri Lefebvre’s Production of Space (1991) and Edward Soja’s Thirdspace (2010). The use of theory connects the case study with other bodies of work in architecture that are looking to develop understandings of how spatial, social, and other urban contexts might be challenged and intertwined in urban informality. Using their respective body of work, the study is conducted in the four selected objects of study: Thamrin 10, Jalan H. Agus Salim, Jalan Percetakan Negara, and Jalan Kramat Raya. The findings reveal that the concrete abstraction of Thirdspace emerges in everyday life through urban informality, materialised by informal actors. The materialisation of Thirdspace is possible due to (1) participation of informal actors, (2) space occupied by informal actors, and (3) activities conducted by informal actors. As abstraction will become true in practice, socio-spatial integration of urban informality is an abstraction that becomes true through social and spatial practice.
Análise biomecânica das fixações atlantoaxiais
Authors: Penteado Luiz Otavio Sampaio , Leivas Tomaz Puga , Trabulsi José Roberto , De Barros Filho Tarcísio Eloy Pessoa
Published: December 2022

Introdução: o tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com fraturas do processo odontoide tem sido controverso. As principais técnicas cirúrgicas para o segmento C1-C2 incluem além da artrodese cervical (aramagem tipo Gallie, parafusos transarticulares e aramagem tipo 88), a fixação direta com parafuso no processo odontoide. Objetivo: comparar a estabilidade mecânica destes quatro tipos de osteossínteses do segmento atlantoaxial (C1-C2). Metodologia: vinte segmentos atlantoaxiais de cadáveres humanos adultos forampreparados com fraturas do tipo 2 de Anderson e D’Alonso e divididos em quatro grupos: aramagem tipo Gallie (aG); parafusos transarticulares (pT); parafuso no processo odontoide (pD); aramagem tipo 88 (a88). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos a esforçosde flexocompressão em máquina universal de ensaios mecânicos para análise de resistência, elasticidade e deformações. Resultados: na fase de acomodação, os parafusos no processo odontoide apresentaram pouquíssima mobilidade com cargas baixas. Na fase deelasticidade, não houve diferença significativa entre as construções testadas. Com relação à resistência máxima suportada pelas construções, houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa a favor da aramagem tipo Gallie. Conclusão: nossos testes mostraramque em relação à acomodação houve diferença significativa entre a aramagem tipo Gallie e o parafuso no processo odontoide; e quanto à resistência máxima, entre a aramagem tipo Gallie e o parafuso transarticular.
Associação entre doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e a má condição de saúde periodontal: um estudo transversal
Authors: Libório-Lago Cristiana da Costa , Camelier Fernanda Warken Rosa , Tunes Urbino da Rocha , Sousa Sandro Bittencourt , Camelier Aquiles Assunção
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Estudos sugerem uma associação entre a doença periodontal e a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Esta associação pode acontecer pela presença de bactérias na cavidade oral (aspiradas ou via corrente sanguínea) e porque ambas são condições mediadas pelo paciente com muitos fatores de risco e comorbidades em comum. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência e gravidade da doença periodontal em pacientes com DPOC.

Método: Este estudo transversal incluiu 33 pacientes com DPOC e 30 pacientes sem DPOC (grupo controle). Todos os pacientes realizaram espirometria e foram examinados por um dentista. A condição periodontal foi avaliada através dos seguintes índices: número de dentes, índice de placa (IP), índice de sangramento gengival (IG), profundidade de sondagem (PS), PS dos sítios doentes (PSD), nível de inserção clínica (NIC), NIC dos sítios doentes (NICD) e percentual de sítios doentes (NICDP). A doença periodontal foi classificada quanto à severidade e extensão. Para análise estatística foram utilizados o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson, o teste t de Student, análise de regressão logística e cálculo do odds ratio.

Resultados: O grupo DPOC apresentou maiores IP (p=0,01), NIC (p=0,001) e  NICDP (p<0,001), doença periodontal mais frequente e severa (p=0,015) e mais generalizada (p=0,005), com odds ratio de 1,2 (95%IC: 1,023–1,408).

Conclusões: Os pacientes com DPOC apresentaram pior condição periodontal. Um exame periodontal nesses pacientes parece ser necessário. Mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer o papel da terapia periodontal no protocolo de acompanhamento dos pacientes com DPOC.
Juvenile Huntington’s disease in northern Brazil: a case series report
Authors: Vieira Brito Diana , Vinicius Della Coletta Marcus , Andrezza Takano Satiko , Benevides Monteiro Ferreira Giselle , Fantin Cleiton
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG expansion repeats in the HTT gene. Usually, the symptoms start to manifest in mid-adulthood. In about 5% of cases, however, the signs begin before the age of 20 years. These cases are known as juvenile HD (JHD). Objective: Here we report a case series of JHD from Amazonas, a state where data are scarce due to the restricted access to specialized medical assistance for diagnosis and care. Case series: The patients were attended by neurologists specialized in movement disorders at Manaus. Two cases manifested the disease in childhood (6 and 7 years old) and two cases, in adolescence (12 and 16 years old). All cases showed dystonia and parkinsonism as predominant motor disorders. Moreover, signs of cognitive decline, depression, and psychosis were observed in all patients. Conversely, cerebellar signs, gait disturbances, seizures, and some psychiatric symptoms were variable among the cases. Expansion size varied from 66 to 84 to CAG repeats and the difference in age at onset between parent and child varied from 23 to 43 years. Conclusion: To our knowledge, these are the first clinical reports of JHD in northern Brazil. These cases illustrate the variability in clinical phenotypes and genetic features of JHD cases. Furthermore, they can contribute to the awareness of HD here, both by professionals and the public in general.
Identification of spatial patterns in the distribution of meningitis in the State of Mato Grosso - Brazil, from 2007 to 2019
Authors: Ribeiro Alves Mário
Published: December 2022

Objective: to analyze the underreporting of meningitis records in the state of Mato Grosso, under conditions of vulnerability, based on spatial analysis. Methodology: Meningitis cases and estimated population were collected from DataSUS, organized by municipality of residence in the state of Mato Grosso and year of notification. Incidence rates were calculated by dividing the number of cases by the population, multiplying the result by 100,000. For spatial autocorrelation analysis, mean rates were used for the entire period, in addition to the variables percentage of poor, percentage of the population living in households with toilets and running water, and Municipal Human Development Index - Income (MHDI Income), obtained from the Atlas of Human Development in Brazil. Results: in general, inverse autocorrelation was observed for the percentage variable of the population living in households with toilets and running water, with municipalities in the center and southeast of the state under high-high autocorrelation and municipalities in the northwest and northeast under low -low. As for the MHDI Income, cities in the center presented high-high autocorrelation and cities in the south and northwest, low-low. Conclusion: the scenario suggests that there is underreporting of meningitis cases in Mato Grosso, as situations marked by less privileged socioeconomic conditions are risk factors for disease transmission. Improvement of health services is suggested, seeking equitable public policies that aim to reduce the existing inequalities in this country.
The (in)visibility of accidents with kite string: a documentary research in digital media / (in)visibilidade dos acidentes com linhas cortantes de pipa: um estudo documental em mídias digitais
Authors: Claudino Edla , Souza Tania , Ciuffo Lia , Oliveira Isabel , Ribeiro Ana Paula , Moraes Juliana
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: descrever características epidemiológicas dos acidentados com linhas cortantes de pipa reportados nas mídias de notícias digitais. Método: estudo documental quantitativo, com dados de 2016 a 2020. Utilizou-se formulário, destacando-se fonte da notícia, idade da vítima, sexo, tipo de locomoção, parte do corpo lesionada, gravidade da lesão, se resultou em óbito, mês e região dos acidentes. Os dados foram analisados no Excel. Resultados: de 122 notícias, 87 (71,3%) envolveram motociclistas, 59 (48,4%) possuíam de 19 a 59 anos e 42 (71,2%) eram do gênero masculino. Destaca-se que 29 (23%) eram crianças e adolescentes (zero a 18 anos). O pescoço 97(79,5%) e face 13 (10,7%) foram as partes do corpo mais acometidas. Conclusão: constata-se um número expressivo de acidentes com o uso de linha cortante da pipa. Pela (in)visibilidade deste problema na literatura científica, recomenda-se outros estudos e ações educativas em escolas e serviços de saúde.
Editorial
Authors: Hubbard Peter , Spiers Anne , Rockel Jenny , Coates Tony
Published: December 2022

There was a point during the NZAP conference in Auckland earlier this year when we had a mirror held up to us by the guest presenter Jessica Benjamin. It occurred when we had all come together to consider the processes of a preceeding timeslot. Her mirror was a comment to the effect that in her estimation the NY psychotherapy community would not have come together in the way in which we were doing. What was striking and unfamiliar to her was that we were sufficiently willing to come together, despite difference and in spite of similarity, to connect in this whole conference mode, and to deal with the process this may have engendered. This, she asserted, took considerable professional courage.
Thinking clinically with and about film
Authors: Appel Stephen
Published: December 2022

This article presents a commonplace clinical event plus a curiosity from the film The Piano. It demonstrates how psychoanalysis (the therapy and the concepts) and film analysis can be brought to bear on each other in such a way that new thinking is generated about both. Along the way an overarching theory of communication is presented.
Association of Maternal and Paternal Astigmatism With Child Astigmatism in the Hong Kong Children Eye Study
Authors: Kam Ka Wai , Chee Arnold S. H. , Zhang Yuzhou , Tang Rex C. Y. , Chan Jason T. C. , Zhang Xiu Juan , Wang Yu Meng , Chan Ryan C. F. , Chu Wai Kit , Ip Patrick , Young Alvin L. , Tham Clement C. , Pang Chi Pui , Chen Li Jia , Yam Jason C.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Parental astigmatism is a factor associated with risk for development of child astigmatism; however, the magnitude of the association has not been determined.

Objective

To determine the association between parental and child astigmatism.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based, cross-sectional study included participants from familial trios, each comprising a child aged 6 to 8 years and both parents, recruited from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. No restriction criteria were set on the children in terms of refractive status. Data were analyzed from February to June 2022.

Exposures

Cycloplegic autorefraction and autokeratometry were conducted on the children, whereas noncycloplegic autorefraction and autokeratometry were conducted on their parents. The children were categorized into 6 groups on the basis of the severity of astigmatism of both parents. Information on parental education, family income, and children’s outdoor and near work time were obtained by questionnaires.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the odds of child astigmatism among the 6 categories of children. Associations of factors with child astigmatism were evaluated by logistic regression analyses.

Results

A total of 17 124 participants from 5708 trios (2964 boys and 2754 girls) at a mean (SD) age of 7.32 (0.87) years, and 11 416 parents were examined. Astigmatism of 1.0 D or greater in both parents was associated with greater odds of refractive astigmatism (RA) (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.15-2.26) and corneal astigmatism (CA) (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.50-2.50) in the child. The respective ORs increased to 3.10 (95% CI, 1.34-7.21) and 4.31 (95% CI, 1.76-10.55) when both parents had astigmatism 2.0 D or greater. Higher parental astigmatism conferred higher risks for both RA and CA in children (P for trend <.001). Parental astigmatism was significantly associated with greater odds of corresponding child astigmatism (maternal RA: OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.84; paternal RA: OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.91; maternal CA: OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51-1.93; paternal CA: OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19-1.49).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that parental astigmatism may confer an independent and dose-dependent association with child astigmatism. Children with parents with astigmatism should have early eye examinations for timely detection of astigmatism to facilitate age-appropriate vision correction and visual development.
An in‐frame pseudoexon activation caused by a novel deep‐intronic variant in the dysferlin gene
Authors: Sun Chengyue , Xie Zhiying , Cong Lu , Xu Yan , Liu Zunjing
Published: December 2022

The precise detection and interpretation of pathogenic DYSF variants are sometimes challenging, largely due to rare deep‐intronic splice‐altering variants. Here, we report on the genetic diagnosis of a male patient with dysferlinopathy. He remained genetically unsolved after routine exonic detection approaches that only detected a novel heterozygous frameshift variant (c.407dup, p.Thr137Tyrfs*11) in DYSF exon 5. Via muscle‐derived DYSF mRNA studies, we identified a novel deep‐intronic DYSF variant in the other allele (c.1397 + 649C > T), which causing in‐frame alterations in DYSF mRNA and protein structure and confirmed his genetic diagnosis of dysferlinopathy. Our study emphasizes the potential role of undetected deep‐intronic splice‐altering variants in monogenic diseases.
Sampled‐data bipartite consensus control of nonlinear multi‐agent systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Pan Weihao , Zhang Xianfu , Fan Debao
Published: December 2022

This article concentrates on the sampled‐data secure bipartite consensus problem for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems under intermittent denial‐of‐service attacks. The network communication channels are destroyed when the attacks occur, which causes all the system states to be unavailable. A novel distributed sampled‐data output feedback control protocol is developed by using the discontinuous sensor data. It is proved by the Lyapunov stability analysis that the considered nonlinear multiagent systems can achieve bipartite consensus exponentially in light of the designed control protocol. Then, the control algorithm is extended to systems with both state and input delay. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control protocol.
Nanoscale Engineering of Optical Strong Coupling inside Metals
Authors: Assadillayev Artyom , Faniayeu Ihar , Dmitriev Alexandre , Raza Søren
Published: December 2022

Optical polaritons appear when a material excitation strongly couples to an optical mode. Such strong coupling between molecular transitions and optical cavities results in far‐reaching opportunities in modifying fundamental properties of chemical matter. More recently an exciting prospect of self‐coupled polaritons has emerged by matter sustaining the optical mode with its geometry. Here, it is shown how strong coupling of the interband transition and surface plasmons can be engineered in nickel at the nanoscale to realize self‐coupled plasmon–interband polaritons inside metals. Using electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that in nickel thin films and nanoantennas the propagation and radiation losses result in a broadening of the plasmon linewidth and a transition from strong to weak coupling. Further, higher‐order plasmon resonances couple to the interband transition, and the multipolar‐coupled states acquire the field profile of the plasmon. The results provide a fundamental understanding of plasmon–interband coupling in metals and establish the base for the design of photocatalytic and magneto‐optical nanosystems.
Super Broadband Near‐Infrared Solid Solution Phosphors with Adjustable Peak Wavelengths from 1165 to 875 nm for NIR Spectroscopy Applications
Authors: Huang Shuai , Yan Yu , Shang Mengmeng , Wang Yining , Sun Yixin , Dang Peipei , Lin Jun
Published: December 2022

Cr3+‐activated near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors have attracted wide attention owing to applications in phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LED) for spectroscopy. Because a broader spectrum covers more information to detect, the width of the spectrum is an important parameter to consider. Here, the blue LED excitable ultra‐broadband Cr3+‐activated LiInGeO4 phosphors, which exhibit unprecedented long‐wavelength NIR emission with a wide full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) of 305 nm, are developed. The overall emission tuning from 1165 to 875 nm with broadened FWHM from 305 to 508 nm is realized through designing continuous solid solution hosts of LiIn1−zSczGeO4/(LiIn)1−yMg2yGeO4 and finite solid solution hosts of (LiIn)1−yZn2yGeO4:Cr3+. The observation of such long‐wavelength NIR from Cr3+ not Cr4+ is studied and confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance, X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure, and steady‐/transient‐state photoluminescence. The formation of finite solid solutions induces the change in the local structure of Cr3+ that ultimately leads to the observation of super broadband (FWHM = 508 nm) luminescence. The luminescence mechanism is discussed in this study. Finally, this study demonstrates that the as‐synthesized phosphors with tunable NIR luminescence can be well used in NIR pc‐LEDs for spectroscopy detection.
Bioinspired Macrocyclic Molecule Supported Two‐Dimensional Lamellar Membrane with Robust Interlayer Structure for High‐Efficiency Nanofiltration
Authors: Zhang Pengcheng , Zhang Yujuan , Wang Lin , Qiu Kaikai , Tang Xiaoyi , Gibson John K. , Liu Xue , Mei Lei , An Shuwen , Huang Zhiwei , Ren Peng , Wang Yi , Chai Zhifang , Shi Weiqun
Published: December 2022

2D lamellar membranes (2DLMs) are used for efficient desalination and nanofiltration. However, weak interactions between adjacent stacked nanosheets result in susceptibility to swelling that limits practical applicability. Inspired by the super adhesion of multi‐point suction cups on octopus tentacles, a 2DLM is constructed from Ti3C2Tx MXene supported by the macrocyclic “multi‐point” molecule cucurbit[5]uril (CB5) and demonstrated for nanofiltration of methyl blue (MB) and enrichment of uranyl carbonate. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations indicate that CB5 rivets to the surface of the nanoflakes through strong stable interactions between its multiple binding sites and surface hydroxyl functional groups on MXene nanosheets. This novel 2DLM exhibits excellent nanofiltration performance (69 L m−2h−1bar−1 permeance with 93.6% rejection for MB) and can be recycled at least 30 times without significant degradation. The 2DLM exhibits excellent swelling resistance at high salinity, with a demonstration of selective enrichment of uranyl carbonate from artificial water and natural seawater. The results provide a new strategy for constructing highly stable 2DLMs with interlayer spacing controllable from sub‐nano to nanometer scales, for size‐selective sieving of molecules and ions, high‐efficiency nanofiltration, and other applications.
Blood RNA transcripts reveal similar and differential alterations in fundamental cellular processes in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Huseby Carol J. , Delvaux Elaine , Brokaw Danielle L. , Coleman Paul D.
Published: December 2022

Background

Dysfunctional processes in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases lead to neural degeneration in the central and peripheral nervous system. Research demonstrates that neurodegeneration of any kind is a systemic disease that may even begin outside of the region vulnerable to the disease. Neurodegenerative diseases are defined by the vulnerabilities and pathology occurring in the regions affected.

Method

A random forest machine learning analysis on whole blood transcriptomes from six neurodegenerative diseases generated unbiased disease‐classifying RNA transcripts subsequently subjected to pathway analysis.

Results

We report that transcripts of the blood transcriptome selected for each of the neurodegenerative diseases represent fundamental biological cell processes including transcription regulation, degranulation, immune response, protein synthesis, apoptosis, cytoskeletal components, ubiquitylation/proteasome, and mitochondrial complexes that are also affected in the brain and reveal common themes across six neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusion

Neurodegenerative diseases share common dysfunctions in fundamental cellular processes. Identifying regional vulnerabilities will reveal unique disease mechanisms.

Highlights

Transcriptomics offer information about dysfunctional processes.

Comparing multiple diseases will expose unique malfunctions within diseases.

Blood RNA can be used ante mortem to track expression changes in neurodegenerative diseases.

Protocol standardization will make public datasets compatible.
Novel dimethylacrylamide/gelatin/rosehip based smart hydrogels as a color sensor in food packaging materials
Authors: Ersen Dudu Tuba
Published: December 2022

New food packaging technologies are developing rapidly in line with the demands of consumers and the trends of the food industry. In the presented study, it was aimed to synthesize a new and smart hydrogel (p (Gelatin‐co‐DMAAm)/CA‐Rh) (GDCa‐Rh) from dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm), gelatin, citric acid (CA), and Rosehip (Rh) using the redox polymerization technique and use it as a color sensor in food packaging materials. To impart antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anthocyanin properties to the synthesized smart hydrogel, Rh was added to the reaction mixture. The structure/mechanical properties of GDCa‐Rh were elucidated by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of GDCa‐Rh was tested against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, to determine the effectiveness of synthesized GDCa‐Rh on real samples, whole‐pasteurized milk/cheese was selected as real samples. The results showed that GDCa‐Rh was a good color indicator and exhibited good antimicrobial activity on whole‐pasteurized milk/cheese. By means of synthesized smart GDCa‐Rh hydrogels, harmful effects such as oxidation reaction, external moisture absorption or loss, physical damage, and biological degradation can be observed in the packaged product, and this new material will be a solution to the deficiencies faced by today's food packaging.
Enhancing the interfacial bond strength of aluminum/polymer laminated film of the soft package lithium‐ion battery through polydopamine surface modification
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Xu Shiai
Published: December 2022

The aluminum (Al) foil used in Al/polymer laminated film of the soft package lithium‐ion battery (LIB) is widely treated with a hexavalent chromate conversion coating to increase the adhesive strength and durability of the adhesive joint. Given that hexavalent chromate is toxic and carcinogenic, a novel and chromate‐free method was developed in this study for surface modification of the Al foil using polydopamine (PDA) functionalization after titanium (Ti) chemical conversion. Ti conversion favors the deposition of PDA and introduces more functional groups of PDA on the Al surface. A novel polypropylene‐based hot melt adhesive, MAH‐g‐(PP/PBE), was prepared by melt grafting of maleic anhydride on the blend of polypropylene and propylene‐based elastomer for use as the inner adhesive of Al/polymer laminated film. Then, treated Al foil/MAH‐g‐(PP/PBE) composites were prepared and their interfacial adhesive strengths were investigated. The results show that the amine and catechol groups of PDA improve the interfacial adhesion between adhesive and Al foil by improving the wettability and interfacial interaction. The peel strength between MAH‐g‐(PP/PBE) and PDA functionalized Al foil after Ti conversion treatment can reach 3.55 N/mm, which is increased by 322% compared with that between MAH‐g‐PP and untreated Al foil. PDA functionalization after Ti chemical conversion and MAH‐g‐(PP/PBE) have great potential to improve interfacial adhesion of Al/polymer laminated film used in LIB package.
Realizing simultaneous high‐temperature strength and low‐temperature elongation in polyolefin elastomer toughened polypropylene via controlling the dispersed phase size
Authors: Chen Lei , Cao Bin , Guo Xuewen , Quan Yiwu , Yan Shanzhi
Published: December 2022

The properties of modified polypropylene (PP) materials are closely related to their phase structure. In this work, polyolefin elastomer (POE)‐toughened PP materials with different phase structures were designed by using various types of POEs (ethylene‐butene 710, 110, ethylene‐propylene 6202, ethylene‐octene 8200). Then, the effects of phase separation in PP/POE blends on both thermal and tensile properties as well as ultraviolet (UV) resistance were investigated. The results revealed that the POE type hardly affected the melt flow rate, melting or crystallization behavior of the modified PP samples. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy results showed that POE6202 had a smaller dispersed phase size in PP (0.1–0.5 μm), which improved the low‐temperature elongation at break. PP/POE110 blends with a larger microdomain (1–5 μm) had better high‐temperature tensile strength. Further, when toughened with POE110 and POE6202 simultaneously, modified PP had excellent low‐temperature elongation (272%@ −40°C) without sacrificing as much of its high‐temperature tensile strength (10.4 MPa@70°C). Finally, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance tests showed that the addition of amorphous POE decreased the intensity of free radicals generated in PP during irradiation and promoted their attenuation during decay. This indicated that the introduction of POE improved the UV resistance of PP.
Development of an Automated Platform for C(sp3)−C(sp3) Bond Formation via XAT Chemistry
Authors: Pijper Brenda , Abdiaj Irini , Leonori Daniele , Alcázar Jesus
Published: December 2022

Increasing Fsp3 in drug molecules is of high importance in the pharmaceutical industry to escape the flatland. However, there is a lack of diverse methods to introduce C(sp3) into a molecule in library synthesis. In this work, we report the combination of continuous flow chemistry with photochemistry to create an automated platform for library synthesis using halogen atom transfer (XAT) reaction to increase Fsp3 in drug molecules. The chemistry has a broad scope of alkyl halides and electron deficient alkenes. We report a library synthesis of 84 compounds with a productivity of 1.5 reactions per hour, a scope of 51 isolated compounds and the reproducibility and scalability of the chemistry. Providing an efficient automated tool to synthesize drug‐like molecules with increased Fsp3 in drug discovery and development.
Effect of Geometric Parameters on the Performance of a Membrane‐Based Enthalpy Exchanger
Authors: Gao Ning , Lei Yonggang , Wang Yonghui , Du Baocun , Song Chongfang , Wang Liming
Published: December 2022

A membrane‐based enthalpy exchanger (MBEE) with partial inlet is proposed. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effect of Reynolds number (Re), the ratio of entrance area to channel cross‐sectional area Re−c, and channel length/width ratio Rl−w on the performance of the MBEE. Effectiveness, pressure loss, and flow patterns were evaluated for optimization. Moreover, the entransy theory was applied to analyze the mechanism of the heat transfer enhancement of the MBEE. The results indicate that the larger the Re–c, the higher the effectiveness and lesser pressure drop of the MBEE at the same volumetric flow rate. The total heat exchange rate per unit area and the pressure drop per unit length are reduced with the increasing of Rl–w .
Review of Inorganic Hole Transport Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jing Xin , Zhang Zhuang , Chen Tianyang , Luo Jingshan
Published: December 2022

In the last decade, perovskite solar cells have witnessed great progress with a certified photoelectric conversion efficiency of 25.7%, which is comparable to single‐crystal silicon solar cells, but the stability issue still restricts commercialization. As a solution to stability improvement, inorganic hole transport materials (HTMs) are widely studied due to their excellent stability compared to traditional organic HTMs, as well as low fabrication cost and high conductivity. Herein, the intrinsic properties of widely studied inorganic p‐type materials for HTMs, their fabrication methods, and the progress that has been made with them are summarized. In addition, the cost of various inorganic HTMs is also discussed.
Characterization of brewer's spent grain extracts by tandem mass spectrometry and HPLC‐DAD: Ferulic acid dehydrodimers, phenolamides, and oxylipins
Authors: Becker Daniela , Stegmüller Simone , Richling Elke
Published: December 2022

Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is a major by‐product of the brewing industry which is generated in high amounts. In recent years, sustainable food production has become more and more important. BSG mainly used as cattle feed has gained high interest due to not only its valuable ingredients such as fiber and proteins but also secondary metabolites remaining in BSG after the brewing process and known for many biological effects. In the present study, various methods were applied, such as acetone extraction (A), alkaline hydrolysis followed by ethyl acetate extraction (HE), and acetone extraction of alkaline hydrolysis residue (HA). Compounds present in the respective bioactive extracts were characterized by mass spectrometry to identify the active compounds. Various hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as well as oxylipins and some dicarboxylic acids, such as azelaic acid, were present in HE and HA extracts. In contrast, some catechins and phenolamides, such as numerous hordatines, as well as oxylipins and phospholipids were detected in A extracts. Quantification using HPLC‐DAD revealed hordatine contents up to 172.2 ± 2.1 μg p‐coumaric acid equivalents/mg extract. Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content accounted for up to 48% of the total extract (HE extracts) but only around 3% of the total HA extracts. In summary, all extracts contained secondary plant metabolites belonging to different classes, ranging from hydroxycinnamic acids to phenolamides, such as not only hordatines but also oxylipins, which were identified for the first time in BSG.
CCUS or no CCUS? Societal support for policy frameworks and stakeholder perceptions in France, Spain, and Poland
Authors: Wesche Julius , Germán Silvia , Gonçalves Lila , Jödicke Ilon , López‐Asensio Sergi , Prades Ana , Preuß Sabine , Algado Christian Oltra , Dütschke Elisabeth
Published: December 2022

Carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) is a potentially relevant option to limit greenhouse gas emissions. The development of CCUS has so far been slow in spite of substantial plans for implementation for example by the European Union. Lack of societal support is among the reasons cited for this gap between ambitions and implementation. Against this background, this paper simultaneously looks into the policy framework as well as stakeholder perceptions of CCUS as indicators for societal support. The focus is on three regions in three different European countries (Ebro Basin, Spain; Paris Basin, France; Upper Silesia, Poland) and a potential implementation of CCUS in these regions. The empirical data this paper draws on consists of 40 stakeholder interviews on the regional and national level. Our analysis points to differences between the countries with France being most advanced. The main driver for the development of CCUS in all three countries is (local) economic benefit by preserving existing or creating new industries. Barriers include costs, potential environmental impacts, and to some extent lack of support from policymakers and the public. © 2022 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Age‐related differences in functional network segregation in the context of sex and reproductive stage
Authors: Ballard Hannah K. , Jackson T. Bryan , Symm Abigail C. , Hicks Tracey H. , Bernard Jessica A.
Published: December 2022

Age is accompanied by differences in the organization of functional brain networks, which impact behavior in adulthood. Functional networks become less segregated and more integrated with age. However, sex differences in network segregation declines with age are not well‐understood. Further, network segregation in the context of female reproductive stage is relatively understudied, though unmasking such relationships would be informative for elucidating biological mechanisms that contribute to sex‐specific differences in aging. In the current work, we used data from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam‐CAN) repository to evaluate differences in resting‐state network segregation as a product of sex and reproductive stage. Reproductive stage was categorized using the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW+10) criteria. Replicating prior work, we investigated the following functional networks: auditory, cerebellar‐basal ganglia, cingulo‐opercular task control, default mode, dorsal attention, fronto‐parietal task control, salience, sensory somatomotor mouth, sensory somatomotor hand, ventral attention, and visual. First, our results mirror findings from previous work indicating that network segregation is lower with increasing age. Second, when analyzing associations between network segregation and age within each sex separately, we find qualitative differences between females and males. Finally, we report significant effects of reproductive stage on network segregation, though these findings are likely driven by age. Broadly, our results suggest that impacts of sex may be important to evaluate when investigating network segregation differences across adulthood, though further work is needed to determine the unique role of menopause and sex hormones on the organization of functional brain networks within aging females.