bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near-ultraviolet absorption distribution of primitive asteroids from spectrophotometric surveys
Authors: Tatsumi E. , Vilas F. , de León J. , Popescu M. , Hasegawa S. , Hiroi T. , Tinaut-Ruano F. , Licandro J.
Published: February 2023

Context. Hydrated minerals, such as phyllosilicates, on asteroids can provide constraints on the temperature or compositional distribution of the early Solar System. Previous studies pointed out the possibility that absorption in the near-ultraviolet (NUV, 0.35–0.5 μm) wavelength region is a proxy for hydrated minerals in primitive asteroids. However, the radial distribution of the NUV absorption among primitive asteroids was not revisited after the Eight Color Asteroid Survey (ECAS).

Aims. Our objectives are first to evaluate the possibility of using the NUV absorption as diagnostics of hydrated minerals based on the recent datasets of primitive asteroids and hydrated carbonaceous chondrites, and second to investigate the reflectance spectrophotometry of the primitive asteroids in the NUV as functions of heliocentric distance and size.

Methods. The NUV and visible reflectance spectrophotometry of more than 9000 primitive asteroids was investigated using two spectrophotometric surveys, ECAS and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), which cover wavelengths down to 0.32 μm and 0.36 μm, respectively. We classified asteroids from the main asteroid belt, the Cybele and Hilda zones, and Jupiter Trojans based on Tholen’s taxonomy and described the statistical distribution of primitive asteroid types. We also examined the relationship of the NUV, 0.7 μm, and 2.7 μm absorptions among primitive asteroids and hydrous carbonaceous chondrites CI and CM.

Results. We find strong correlations between the NUV and the OH-band (2.7 μm) absorptions for primitive asteroids and hydrated meteorites, suggesting the NUV absorption can be indicative of hydrated silicates. Moreover, there is a great difference in the NUV absorption between the large asteroids (diameter d > 50 km) and small asteroids (d < 10 km) in the taxonomic distribution. The taxonomic distribution of asteroids differs between the inner main belt and middle-outer main belt. Notably, the C types are dominating large members through the main belt and the F types are dominating small asteroids of the inner main belt. The asteroids beyond the main belt consist mostly of P and D types, although P types are common everywhere in the main belt. The peculiar distribution of F types might indicate a different formation reservoir or a displacement process of F types in the early Solar System. The strongest absorptions of the NUV and 0.7 μm band were observed in G types, which likely comprise CM-like Fe-rich phyllosilicates. On the other hand, according to a recent sample return from an F-type asteroid (162173) Ryugu, the F types with the OH-band at 2.7 μm and the shallow NUV absorption could comprise CI-like Mg-rich phyllosilicates.
A new method for identifying dynamical transitions in rubble-pile asteroid scenarios
Authors: Ferrari F. , Alessi E. M.
Published: February 2023

Context. Evidence supports the idea that asteroids are rubble piles, that is, gravitational aggregates of loosely consolidated material. This makes their dynamics subject not only to the complex N-body gravitational interactions between its constituents, but also to the laws of granular mechanics, which is one of the main unsolved problems in physics.

Aims. We aim to develop a new method to identify dynamical transitions and predict qualitative behavior in the granular N-body problem, in which the dynamics of individual bodies are driven both by mutual gravity, contact and collision interactions.

Methods. The method has its foundation in the combination of two elements: a granular N-body simulation code that can resolve the dynamics of granular fragments to particle-scale precision, and a theoretical framework that can decode the nature of particle-scale dynamics and their transitions by means of ad hoc indicators.

Results. We present here a proof-of-concept of the method, with application to the spinning rubble-pile asteroid problem. We investigate the density-spin parameter space and demonstrate that the approach can identify the breakup limit and reshape region for spinning rubble-pile aggregates.

Conclusions. We provide the performance of several ad hoc indicators and discuss whether they are suitable for identifying and predicting the features of the dynamical problem.
Quasi-simultaneous photometric, polarimetric, and spectral observations of distant comet C/2014 B1 (Schwartz)
Authors: Ivanova Oleksandra , Rosenbush Vera , Luk’yanyk Igor , Markkanen Johannes , Kleshchonok Valery , Kolokolova Ludmilla , Husárik Marek , Kiselev Nikolai , Andreev Maxim , Afanasiev Viktor
Published: February 2023

Context. We analyze the results of our comprehensive observations of the high-perihelion comet C/2014 B1 (Schwartz) with stable disk-shaped coma and jets in order to study its nature.

Aims. The main objective of our study is to obtain new observational results for a unique disk-like comet C/2014 B1 (Schwartz) with a perihelion distance of 9.56 au.

Methods. Quasi-simultaneous long-slit spectra, as well as photometric and polarimetric images with g-sdss and r-sdss filters, were acquired with the 6 m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory on 2017 January 23. The BVR-band photometry of the comet was also performed at the 2m telescope of the Peak Terskol Observatory on 2017 January 31. We modeled the dynamics of the jets and the behavior of the color and polarization in the coma considering the dust as aggregated large particles.

Results. We did not reveal any emissions in the spectra. The positions of two jets oriented along the position angles of 179° and 350° and the disk-like shape of the coma have remained unchanged for more than 4 yr. The most realistic model able to explain jets of such stable orientation includes the existence of two active sources located near the north and south poles of the rotating nucleus whose diameter was determined to be between 7.6 and 12.2 km depending on the albedo, of namely between 0.1 and 0.04, respectively. The high activity of the comet is characterized by the high dust production Afρ which varied from 4440 to 3357 cm between 2017 January 23 and 31. A significant difference between the radial surface brightness profiles of the jets and the ambient (undisturbed by the jets) coma is found. The color of the jet structures is much redder than that of the ambient coma, and the nucleus has a very red color, V − R=0.93m±0.19m. There are spatial variations of the color and polarization over the coma and jets.

Conclusions. The observed trends in color and polarization, as well as the brightness profiles, can be explained by the fragmentation of aggregated particles formed by CO2/H2O ices, silicates, and organics, which are of ~1 mm in radius near the nucleus and ~10 μm in radius at the periphery of the coma.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Damasso M. , Locci D. , Benatti S. , Maggio A. , Nardiello D. , Baratella M. , Biazzo K. , Bonomo A. S. , Desidera S. , D'Orazi V. , Mallonn M. , Lanza A. F. , Sozzetti A. , Marzari F. , Borsa F. , Maldonado J. , Mancini L. , Poretti E. , Scandariato G. , Bignamini A. , Borsato L. , Capuzzo Dolcetta R. , Cecconi M. , Claudi R. , Cosentino R. , Covino E. , Fiorenzano A. , Harutyunyan A. , Mann A. W. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Molinaro M. , Pagano I. , Pedani M. , Pinamonti M. , Piotto G. , Stoev H.
Published: February 2023

Context. The GAPS collaboration is carrying out a spectroscopic and photometric follow-up of a sample of young stars with planets (age ≲600 Myr) to characterise planetary systems at the early stages of their evolution.

Aims. For more than 2 yr, we monitored with the HARPS-N spectrograph the 400 Myr-old star HD 63433, which hosts two close-in (orbital periods Pb ~ 7.1 and Pc ~ 20.5 days) sub-Neptunes detected by the TESS space telescope, and it was announced in 2020. Using radial velocities and additional TESS photometry, we aim to provide the first measurement of their masses, improve the measure of their size and orbital parameters, and study the evolution of the atmospheric mass-loss rate due to photoevaporation.

Methods. We tested state-of-the-art analysis techniques and different models to mitigate the dominant signals due to stellar activity that are detected in the radial velocity time series. We used a hydro-based analytical description of the atmospheric mass-loss rate, coupled with a core-envelope model and stellar evolutionary tracks, to study the past and future evolution of the planetary masses and radii.

Results. We derived new measurements of the planetary orbital periods and radii (Pb = 7.10794 ± 0.000009 days, rb = 2.02+0.06-0.05R⊕; Pc = 20.54379 ± 0.00002 days, rc = 2.44 ± 0.07 R⊕), and determined mass upper limits (mb ≲11 M⊕; mc ≲31 M⊕; 95% confidence level), with evidence at a 2.1–2.7σ significance level that HD 63433 c might be a dense mini-Neptune with a Neptune-like mass. For a grid of test masses below our derived dynamical upper limits, we found that HD 63433 b has very likely lost any gaseous H-He envelope, supporting HST-based observations that are indicative of there being no ongoing atmospheric will keep evaporating over the next ~5 Gyr if its current mass is mc ≲15 M⊕, while it should be hydrodynamically stable for higher masses.
Helium plasma jet interaction with different target materials and the plasma characteristics on the irradiation area
Authors: Begum Asma , Ishijima Tatsuo , Pervez Mohammad Rasel , Billah Motawakkel
Published: February 2023

The experimental study on the dynamic behavior of helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet exposed on the surface of different conductivity is reported in this article. Electrical, optical, and gas dynamics characteristics are monitored using a high voltage probe, current probe, and imaging technique. The turbulence-free plasma jet length is estimated from the image of the plasma jet and correlated with the length estimated through the Electrohydrodynamic number (Ehd number). It has been shown that plasma species strongly modify the gas dynamics on the contact surface. The irradiation area on agar gel, metal, and Teflon is observed and the different flow regimes (free jet, stagnant region, and accelerating region) are identified. The irradiation area is significantly broadened for the polymer-like substrate and intensity is higher close to the stagnant region. The excited nitrogen and OH intensity is higher than the other observed chemical species on the target surface. The turbulence is higher near the outer radius of the irradiated surface, and it increases with operating voltage. The chemistry of the water changes with the presence of the metal probe inside the water.
Convergence of entropy stable schemes for degenerate parabolic equations with a discontinuous convection term
Authors: Acosta Claudia , Jerez Silvia
Published: February 2023

Three-point entropy stable schemes are extended for partial differential equations of the degenerate convection-diffusion type where a discontinuous space-dependent function is incorporated in the convective flux. Using the compensated compactness theory, convergence of the proposed entropy stable approximations to the entropy weak solution is proved. Assuming the so-called potential condition in the jump discontinuities, an estimate for entropy functions is demonstrated. Finally, using benchmark tests a validation of the efficiency of the entropy stable scheme is provided by comparison with an upwind-type solution.
Repeat Surgery following Temporal Inverted ILM Flap Technique: Next Step after Primary Failure
Authors: Alagoz Cengiz , Bektasoglu Damla , Alagoz Nese , Erdogdu Erdem , Artunay Özgür
Published: February 2023

Purpose We aimed to report our surgical experience with repeat surgery as the next step after an unsuccessful hole closure with the primary single-layered temporal inverted flap technique (IFT).

Methods We identified cases with persistent macular holes by reviewing the records of eyes that underwent IFT between October 2018 and October 2021. These cases were evaluated for hole features, anatomical closure, and visual improvement before and after the first and second surgeries. In addition, the technique applied in repeat surgery was recorded. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images at follow-up were used to evaluate the flap position.

Results A persistent hole was identified in 11 (6.4%) of 172 patients who underwent IFT. An inferotemporal displacement was observed in seven eyes, while no flap could be identified in the OCT images of the other four eyes. In the second surgery, the old flap was reinverted in one eye, and a new flap was created from the superior region in five eyes and the nasal region in the other five eyes and was stabilized under perfluorocarbon liquid. A gas tamponade (C3F8/SF6) was used in all patients at the end of surgery. The minimum hole diameter was > 400 µm in all eyes and 100% closure was achieved after the second surgery. Visual acuity gain of ≥ 3 lines was observed in 9 of the 11 eyes (81.8%). The mean visual acuity increase at the last follow-up was significant (p = 0.008).

Conclusion With single-layer temporal IFT in the primary surgery of macular holes, unsuccessful results may be observed due to the flap displacement in the early period. In our series, IFT was applied again with the use of the old flap or the creation of a new flap in the second surgery of the persistent holes, and successful results were obtained.
Endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure therapy for leakage of the lower gastrointestinal tract: multicenter experiences
Authors: Book Thorsten , Engelke Carsten , Wedemeyer Jochen , Kirstein Martha M. , Brüggerhoff Raphael , Winny Markus , Kraus Martin , Benecke Claudia , Zimmermann Markus , Trostdorf Ulf , Wedemeyer Heiner , Marquardt Jens U. , Voigtländer Torsten
Published: February 2023

Background and study aims Only a few studies are available regarding endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure (E-VAC) therapy for the post-surgery leakage of the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Patients and methods In this multicenter German study, we retrospectively analyzed patients treated with E-VAC therapy due to post-surgery leakage of the lower gastrointestinal tract from 2000–2020 at Hannover Medical School, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, and Robert Koch Hospital Gehrden.

Results Overall, 147 patients were included in this study. Most patients had undergone tumor resections of the lower gastrointestinal tract (n = 88; 59.9 %). Median time to diagnosis of leakage was 10 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6–19). Median duration of E-VAC therapy was 14 days (IQR 8–27). Increase of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels significantly correlated with first diagnosis of leakage (P < 0.001). E-VAC therapy led to closure or complete epithelialization of leakage in the majority of patients (n = 122; 83.0 %) and stoma reversal was achieved in 60.0 %. Stoma reversal was significantly more often achieved in patients with CRP levels ≤ 100 mg/L at first diagnosis compared to patients with CRP levels > 100 mg/L (78.4 % vs. 52.7 %; P = 0.012). Odds ratio for failure of stoma reversal was 3.36 in cases with CRP values > 100 mg/L (P = 0.017). In total, leakage- and/ or E-VAC therapy-associated complications occurred in 26 patients (17.7 %). Minor complications included recurrent E-VAC dislocations and subsequent stenosis. Overall, 14 leakage- or E-VAC-associated deaths were observed most often due to sepsis.

Conclusions E-VAC therapy due to post-surgery leakage of the lower gastrointestinal tract is safe and effective. High levels of CRP are a negative predictor of E-VAC therapy success.
Enhancement-Optionen nach Linsen- und refraktiver
Hornhautchirurgie
Authors: Feldhaus Lukas , Luft Nikolaus , Mayer Wolfgang
Published: February 2023

Gelegentlich kommt es trotz aller Sorgfalt und präziser Operationstechnik in der
Katarakt- und Refraktivchirurgie zu unbefriedigenden refraktiven und visuellen
Ergebnissen. In diesen Fällen ist eine nachträgliche Korrektur erforderlich, um
das beste endgültige visuelle Ergebnis zu erzielen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die
Möglichkeiten zur Behandlung residualer Refraktionsfehler nach Linsen- und
refraktiver Hornhautchirurgie auf.
Nystagmus bei Kindern – eine Übersicht
Authors: Salchow Daniel J.
Published: February 2023

Nystagmus ist definiert als unwillkürliche, periodische Bewegung, bei der eines oder beide Augen vom Fixationspunkt wegdriften (sog. Drift). Auf die Drift, die langsame Phase, folgt
entweder eine schnelle, refixierende Bewegung (sog. Refixationssakkade oder schnelle Phase) oder eine langsamere Bewegung zur Wiederaufnahme der Fixation. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit sollen
die wichtigsten Formen von Nystagmus bei Kindern erörtert werden, für eine Übersicht bei Erwachsenen sei auf 1 verwiesen.
Effects of Dietary Sodium and Protein Intake on Glomerular Filtration
Rate in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter
2 Inhibitors
Authors: Gaudio Costanza , Seghieri Marta , Merciai Chiara , Colombi Claudia , Spatoliatore Giuseppe , Baggiore Cristiana Maria , Rosati Alberto
Published: February 2023

Background Approximately one-fourth of patients treated with
sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) experience an acute estimated
glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction of more than 10%
(“dippers”). High sodium and protein intake can increase
intraglomerular pressure and predispose to a decline in renal function. We
investigated whether measured creatinine clearance (CrCl) is a sensitive enough
method to detect the initial dip of GFR and if dietary sodium and protein intake
might influence the extent of the early change in GFR.

Methods 28 subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were enrolled. For sodium
and urea determination, 24-h urinary samples were collected to estimate sodium
and protein intake respectively before and 1, 3 and 6 months after SGLT2i
initiation.

Results Mean CrCl was
83.23±25.52 mL/min/1.73 m2 (eGFR
67.32±16.07) and dropped by 19% at month 1 (eGFR by 6%).
Dippers were 64 and 40%, according to CrCl and eGFR, respectively.
Exploring the potential correlation between changes in renal function and salt
intake, ΔCrCl and baseline urinary sodium were inversely related at
month 1 (r=−0,61; p<0.01), at month 3
(r=–0.51; p=0.01) and month 6
(r=−0,48; p<0.05). Likewise, an
inverse correlation between ΔCrCl and baseline urinary urea was
demonstrated at months 1 and 3 (r=−0.46;
p<0.05 for both); at month 6, a similar trend was observed
(r=–0.47; p=0.054).

Conclusions The present study suggests that a higher dietary sodium and
protein intake may amplify the extent of the early dip in GFR, as detected with
measured CrCl, in diabetic patients undergoing SGLT2i treatment.
CD68 Antigen and Cerebral Aneurysms: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Rahmanian Abdolkarim , Salehi Ahmad , Kamali-Sarvestani Eskandar , Ahrari Iman , Mohamadhoseini Ehsan , Jamali Mohammad , Ghahramani Sulmaz
Published: February 2023

Background Intracranial aneurysms are more commonly associated with inflammation as a cause of their development, progression, and rupture. Macrophages and other cells can express the CD68 antigen. The aim of this study was to assess the CD68 antigen levels in cerebral aneurysm (CA) patients compared to a control group at a referral center in Iran.

Methods A case-control investigation was undertaken on 88 individuals (44 of whom were cases and 44 were controls). Individuals with CA as the case group consisted of 28 ruptured and 16 unruptured subgroups. Clinical, radiographic, and CD68 levels were evaluated and registered.

Results The average age of the participants was 49 years. Males comprised 43.2% of the patients, while 56.8% were females (p = 0.002). There was a statistically significant difference in the CD68 levels between the two groups. There was no significant difference (p = 0.42) between the ruptured and unruptured subgroups (23.66 and 20.47, respectively) in this comparison. No significant correlation was seen between the patients' CD68 and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) levels and their aneurysm diameter (p = 0.74 and 0.45, respectively). A link between CD68 levels and age was found, but it was not statistically significant (r = 0.44 and p = 0.002).

Conclusions A possible involvement of CD68 as an inflammatory agent in the development of CAs but not in aneurysm rupture has been suggested. Inflammation and CD68 were positively associated with age. The CD68 antigen should be studied further in population-based cohort studies.
Electron-positron pair plasmas: past, present, and future
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: February 2023

An overview of recent progress highlights remaining challenges and future opportunities associated with producing and studying relativistic pair plasmas in the lab.
Staphylococcus aureus
chronic intramammary infections in dairy cows: Pathogen-specific characteristics
Authors: Calvinho Luis F. , Dallard Bibiana E.
Published: February 2023

Staphylococcus aureus
is one of the main causes of mastitis in dairy cows worldwide. The most common form of the disease is characterized by chronic subclinical infection with sporadic clinical episodes that can persist throughout the life of the animal. Once infection evolves to chronicity, the bacteriological cure rate following classic antibiotic therapy is low and persistently infected cows become the main reservoir of the organism in a dairy herd. The establishment and persistence of
S. aureus
intramammary infection (IMI) has been associated with certain characteristics of the pathogen that allow it to evade the immune response or induce a deficient immune response that is unable to eliminate the pathogen. The main pathogen characteristics that have been suggested to be linked to
S. aureus
persistence in the bovine mammary gland (MG), include the capacity to invade cells and/or survive intracellularly and to form biofilms, the capsular polysaccharides (CP) production, the ability to form small colony variants (SCVs), the accessory gene regulator (
agr
) type of the strain and the capacity to acquire antibiotic resistance. This review summarizes current knowledge about the most relevant pathogen-specific characteristics that are associated with the establishment and chronicity of
S. aureus
IMI. A better understanding of these pathogen characteristics will allow for the development of intervention strategies aimed at improving different aspects of the control of this disease, including diagnostic methods, therapeutics and modulation of the host immune response.
Error-mitigated quantum computing of Heisenberg spin chain dynamics
Authors: Lötstedt Erik , Wang Lidong , Yoshida Ryuhei , Zhang Youyuan , Yamanouchi Kaoru
Published: February 2023

We simulate the time-dependent dynamics of a three-site spin chain described by the Heisenberg XXX Hamiltonian. The quantum circuit representing the time-dependent wave function is constructed using the Suzuki-Trotter approximation, and is executed on the quantum computer ibm_kawasaki. At each time step, the density matrix of the three-qubit state is reconstructed by state tomography. By applying four different mitigation methods, Clifford data regression, Pauli twirling, density matrix purification, and density matrix orthogonalization, we demonstrate that accurate time-dependent populations and density matrices can be calculated on noisy superconducting-qubit type quantum computers.
Assessment of structural, physical properties as well as radiation safety competence of lithium borate glass-ceramics: Experimental and theoretical evaluation
Authors: Ekinci Neslihan , Alsaif Norah A M , Aygün Bunyamin , Sarıtaş Sevda , Kalecik Sedanur , Rammah Y S
Published: February 2023

Samples of lithium borate glass-ceramics with a composition of 40Li2B4O7 + xBi2O3 + (55-x) ZrO4 + 5CaWO4 (x = 10–50 wt%) have been fabricated via ordinary melt quenching route. The physical and structural features have been investigated. Radiation shielding competence has been examined experimentally using an Ultra Ge detector with the 133Ba (3 Ci) radioisotope source and theoretically via EpiXS software. X-ray diffraction showed that the structure of the B1 sample has large crystal particle sizes. However, the structure with the smallest amount of ZrO4 and the largest amount of Bi2O3 has become completely amorphous (sample B5). The density of the synthesized samples were noticed to change between 4.70 to 5.99 g cm−3 for B1 and B5 samples, respectively. The B5 sample with high density possessed the highest mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) among other samples. There is an agreement between experimental and theoretical data. The trend of the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) is the same as that of the MAC. At any certain energy, the half-value layer (HVL) is arranged as; (HVL)B5 > (T1/2)B4 > (T1/2)B3 > (T1/2)B2 > (T1/2)B1. The mean free path (MFP) of the investigated samples is similar to that of the HVL. The recommended glass ceramics can be used as radiation shielding materials.
What is flat ΛCDM, and may we choose it?
Authors: Anselmi Stefano , Carney Matthew F. , Giblin John T. , Kumar Saurabh , Mertens James B. , O'Dwyer Marcio , Starkman Glenn D. , Tian Chi
Published: February 2023

The Universe is neither homogeneous nor isotropic, but it is close enough that we can reasonably approximate it as such on suitably large scales.
The inflationary-Λ-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) concordance cosmology builds on these assumptions to describe the origin and evolution of fluctuations. With standard assumptions about stress-energy sources, this system is specified by just seven phenomenological parameters,
whose precise relations to underlying fundamental theories are complicated and may depend on details of those fields.
Nevertheless, it is common practice to set the parameter that characterizes the spatial curvature, Ω
K
, exactly to zero.
This parameter-fixed ΛCDM is awarded distinguished status as separate model, “flat ΛCDM.” Ipso facto this places the onus on proponents of “curved ΛCDM” to present sufficient evidence that Ω
K
≠ 0, and is needed as a parameter.
While certain inflationary model Lagrangians, with certain values of their parameters, and certain initial conditions, will lead to a present-day universe well-described as containing zero curvature, this does not justify distinguishing that subset of Lagrangians, parameters and initial conditions into a separate model.
Absent any theoretical arguments, we cannot use observations that suggest small Ω
K
to enforce Ω
K
= 0.
Our track record in picking inflationary models and their parameters a priori makes such a choice dubious, and
concerns about tensions in cosmological parameters and large-angle cosmic-microwave-background anomalies strengthens arguments against this choice.
We argue that Ω
K
must not be set to zero, and that ΛCDM remains a phenomenological model with at least 7 parameters.
A 640 × 640 ISFET array for detecting cell metabolism
Authors: Yang Ling , Huang Yizheng , Song Zhigang , Tan Manqing , Yu Yude , Li Zhao
Published: February 2023

Ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) devices are highly accurate, convenient, fast and low-cost in the detection of ions and biological macromolecules, such as DNA molecules, antibodies, enzymatic substrates and cellular metabolites. For high-throughput cell metabolism detection, we successfully designed a very large-scale biomedical sensing application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) with a 640 × 640 ISFET array. The circuit design is highly integrated by compressing the size of a pixel to 7.4 × 7.4 μm2 and arranging the layout of even and odd columns in an interdigital pattern to maximize the utilization of space. The chip can operate at a speed of 2.083M pixels/s and the dynamic process of the fluid flow on the surface of the array was monitored through ion imaging. The pH sensitivity is 33 ± 4 mV/pH and the drift rate is 0.06 mV/min after 5 h, indicating the stability and robustness of the chip. Moreover, the chip was applied to monitor pH changes in CaSki cells metabolism, with pH shifting from 8.04 to 7.40 on average. This platform has the potential for continuous and parallel monitoring of cell metabolism in single-cell culture arrays.
A new grid stimulus with subtle flicker perception for user-friendly SSVEP-based BCIs
Authors: Ming Gege , Zhong Hui , Pei Weihua , Gao Xiaorong , Wang Yijun
Published: February 2023

Objective. The traditional uniform flickering stimulation pattern shows strong steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) responses and poor user experience with intense flicker perception. To achieve a balance between performance and comfort in SSVEP-based brain–computer interface (BCI) systems, this study proposed a new grid stimulation pattern with reduced stimulation area and low spatial contrast. Approach. A spatial contrast scanning experiment was conducted first to clarify the relationship between the SSVEP characteristics and the signs and values of spatial contrast. Four stimulation patterns were involved in the experiment: the ON and OFF grid stimulation patterns that separately activated the positive or negative contrast information processing pathways, the ON–OFF grid stimulation pattern that simultaneously activated both pathways, and the uniform flickering stimulation pattern that served as a control group. The contrast-intensity and contrast-user experience curves were obtained for each stimulation pattern. Accordingly, the optimized stimulation schemes with low spatial contrast (the ON-50% grid stimulus, the OFF-50% grid stimulus, and the Flicker-30% stimulus) were applied in a 12-target and a 40-target BCI speller and compared with the traditional uniform flickering stimulus (the Flicker-500% stimulus) in the evaluation of BCI performance and subjective experience. Main results. The OFF-50% grid stimulus showed comparable online performance (12-target, 2 s: 69.87 ± 0.74 vs. 69.76 ± 0.58 bits min−1, 40-target, 4 s: 57.02 ± 2.53 vs. 60.79 ± 1.08 bits min−1) and improved user experience (better comfortable level, weaker flicker perception and higher preference level) compared to the traditional Flicker-500% stimulus in both multi-targets BCI spellers. Significance. Selective activation of the negative contrast information processing pathway using the new OFF-50% grid stimulus evoked robust SSVEP responses. On this basis, high-performance and user-friendly SSVEP-based BCIs have been developed and implemented, which has important theoretical significance and application value in promoting the development of the visual BCI technology.
Patient specific intracranial neural signatures of obsessions and compulsions in the ventral striatum
Authors: Fridgeirsson Egill A , Bais Melisse N , Eijsker Nadine , Thomas Rajat M , Smit Dirk J A , Bergfeld Isidoor O , Schuurman P Richard , van den Munckhof Pepijn , de Koning Pelle , Vulink Nienke , Figee Martijn , Mazaheri Ali , van Wingen Guido A , Denys Damiaan
Published: February 2023

Objective. Deep brain stimulation is a treatment option for patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. A new generation of stimulators hold promise for closed loop stimulation, with adaptive stimulation in response to biologic signals. Here we aimed to discover a suitable biomarker in the ventral striatum in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder using local field potentials. Approach. We induced obsessions and compulsions in 11 patients undergoing deep brain stimulation treatment using a symptom provocation task. Then we trained machine learning models to predict symptoms using the recorded intracranial signal from the deep brain stimulation electrodes. Main results. Average areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve were 62.1% for obsessions and 78.2% for compulsions for patient specific models. For obsessions it reached over 85% in one patient, whereas performance was near chance level when the model was trained across patients. Optimal performances for obsessions and compulsions was obtained at different recording sites. Significance. The results from this study suggest that closed loop stimulation may be a viable option for obsessive-compulsive disorder, but that intracranial biomarkers are patient and not disorder specific.

Clinical Trial: Netherlands trial registry NL7486.
Dirac Equation with Morse Potential under the Influence of Position-Dependent Mass and Local Fermi Velocity
Authors: Bagchi B , Ghosh R
Published: February 2023

We solve the one-dimensional Dirac equation by taking into account the possibility of position-dependence in the mass function. We also take the Fermi velocity to act as a local variable and examine the combined effects of the two on the solvability of the Dirac equation with respect to the Morse potential. Our results for the wave functions and the energy levels corresponding to such an extended scheme are furnished in closed forms.
9 × 4 = 6 × 6: Understanding the Quantum Solution to Euler’s Problem of 36 Officers
Authors: Życzkowski K , Bruzda W , Rajchel-Mieldzioć G , Burchardt A , Ahmad Rather S , Lakshminarayan A
Published: February 2023

The famous combinatorial problem of Euler concerns an arrangement of 36 officers from six different regiments in a 6×6 square array. Each regiment consists of six officers each belonging to one of six ranks. The problem, originating from Saint Petersburg, requires that each row and each column of the array contains only one officer of a given rank and given regiment. Euler observed that such a configuration does not exist. In recent work, we constructed a solution to a quantum version of this problem assuming that the officers correspond to superpositions of quantum states. In this paper, we explain the solution which is based on a partition of 36 officers into nine groups, each with four elements. The corresponding quantum states are locally equivalent to maximally entangled two-qubit states, hence each quantum officer is represented by a superposition of at most 4 classical states. The entire quantum combinatorial design involves 9 Bell bases in nine complementary 4–dimensional subspaces.
Quantum Mechanics and Classical Optics: New Ways to Combine Classical and Quantum Methods
Authors: Konrad T
Published: February 2023

Quantum Mechanics and classical optics feature similar phenomena such as superposition, interference and even entanglement. Hence, techniques from optics can be used in quantum mechanics and vice versa. In this article I address the question: What can we learn from formulating optics in the language of quantum mechanics? It is argued that the solutions of the wave equations for the electromagnetic field form a tensor product of Hilbert spaces corresponding to the degrees of freedom of classical light. Therefore, it comprises non-separable solutions reminiscent of entanglement. Moreover, the two spatial degrees of freedom each carry non-commuting position and momentum variables forming a Heisenberg algebra like quantum particles moving in a two dimensional space. An analogy between the dynamics of a quantum harmonic oscillator and paraxial light propagating through a converging lens is drawn. This article presents a modern formulation of optics in the language of state vectors and operators (based on Dirac’s notation) along the lines of an earlier contribution [1], specifying and explaining its results.
A Curriculum of Table-Top Quantum Optics Experiments to Teach Quantum Physics
Authors: Galvez E J
Published: February 2023

The rise of quantum information as a viable technology requires appropriate instructional curricula for preparing a future workforce. Key concepts that are the basis of quantum information involve fundamentals of quantum mechanics, such as superposition, entanglement and measurement. To complement modern initiatives to teach quantum physics to the emerging workforce, lab experiences are needed. We have developed a curriculum of quantum optics experiments to teach quantum mechanics fundamentals and quantum algebra. These laboratories provide hands-on experimentation of optical components on a table-top. We have also created curricular materials, manuals, tutorials, parts and price lists for instructors. Automation of the apparatus offers the flexibility of using the apparatus remotely and for giving access to a greater number of students with a single setup.
New Families of Complex Hyperbolic-Secant Refractive-Index Profiles through the Factorization Method
Authors: Bocanegra I
Published: February 2023

New families of complex-valued refractive-index profiles of the hyperbolic-secant type are constructed by means of the factorization method. These are included in the class of widely-studied PT-symmetric ones and are a generalization of the well-known (real-valued) hyperbolic-secant refractive-index profiles. Also, the analytic expressions for the corresponding modal fields are obtained and the interlacing of the zeroes of the real and imaginary parts is elucidated. In addition, a bi-orthogonal description of these modal fields is given, as the related differential operators are non-Hermitian. In turn, this allows to establish the orthogonality of eigenmodes in a similar way as it is done in the Hermitian case.
An Algorithm to Obtain the Probability Oscillation of the Neutrino from the Atmosphere with a Layer Model of the Earth
Authors: López-Lima C , Villegas Rueda V L
Published: February 2023

The neutrino oscillation probability behavior traveling from the source in the atmosphere, its propagation through the Earth and its detection are shown using Earth Layers model by atmospheric neutrino oscillation analysis. Neutrino oscillation plots are generated from a developed computacional code, considering the influence or not of the atmosphere.
RPC-based Muon Identification System for the neutrino detector of the SHiP experiment
Authors: Albanese R. , Alexandrov A. , Buontempo S. , Choi K.-Y. , Congedo L. , de Asmundis R. , De Lellis G. , de Magistris M. , De Robertis G. , De Serio M. , Debernardis F. , Di Crescenzo A. , Fini R.A. , Fresa R. , Galati G. , Golovatiuk A. , van Herwijnen E. , Iaselli G. , Iuliano A. , Jo Y. , Kang M. , Kim Y.G. , Kim S.H. , Ko J.-W. , Lauria A. , Lee K.S. , Lee K.Y. , Loschiavo V.P. , Miano A. , Montesi M.C. , Park B.D. , Pastore A. , Prota A. , Quercia A. , Ruf T. , Simone S. , Sohn J.Y. , Tioukov V. , Visone C. , Woo J.-K. , Yoon C.S.
Published: February 2023

The SHiP experiment has been proposed at CERN to shed light
on phenomena still unexplained in the framework of the Standard
Model, such as the nature of dark matter, the baryonic asymmetry of
the Universe and the neutrino oscillations, searching for hints of
New Physics. A section of the detector will be dedicated to the
study of neutrino physics with special emphasis on tau neutrino
properties, still very poorly measured. A system to identify the
muons produced in neutrino interactions, based on RPC technology,
has been proposed and it is presented in detail in this paper.
Soil microbial respiration adapts to higher and longer warming experiments at the global scale
Authors: Yang Lu , Pan Junxiao , Wang Jinsong , Tian Dashuan , Zhang Chunyu , Zhao Xiuhai , Hu Jian , Yang Wen , Yan Yingjie , Ma Fangfang , Chen Weinan , Quan Quan , Wang Peiyan , Niu Shuli
Published: February 2023

Warming can affect soil microbial respiration by changing microbial biomass and community composition. The responses of soil microbial respiration to warming under experimental conditions are also related to background conditions and the experimental setup, such as warming magnitude, duration, and methods. However, the global pattern of soil microbial respiration in response to warming and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis of the response of soil microbial respiration to warming by synthesizing data from 187 field experiments. We found that experimental warming significantly increased soil microbial respiration and microbial biomass carbon by 11.8% and 6.4%, respectively. The warming-induced increase in microbial carbon decomposition was positively correlated with increased microbial biomass carbon, but not community composition. Moreover, the positive response of soil microbial respiration marginally increased with warming magnitude, particularly in short-term experiments, but soil microbial respiration adapted to higher warming at longer timescales. Warming method did not significantly affect the response of microbial respiration, except for a significant effect with open top chamber warming. In addition, the impact of warming on soil microbial respiration was more pronounced in wetter sites and in sites with lower soil pH and higher soil organic carbon. Our findings suggest that warming stimulates microbial respiration mainly by increasing microbial biomass carbon. We also highlight the importance of the combination of warming magnitude and duration in regulating soil microbial respiration responses, and the dependence of warming effects upon background precipitation and soil conditions. These findings can advance our understanding of soil carbon losses and carbon-climate feedbacks in a warm world.
Classical solutions of the degenerate fifth Painlevé equation
Authors: Clarkson Peter A
Published: February 2023

In this paper classical solutions of the degenerate fifth Painlevé equation are classified, which include hierarchies of algebraic solutions and solutions expressible in terms of Bessel functions. Solutions of the degenerate fifth Painlevé equation are known to be expressible in terms of solutions of the third Painlevé equation. The classification and description of the classical solutions of the degenerate fifth Painlevé equation is done using the Hamiltonian associated with third Painlevé equation. Two applications of these classical solutions are discussed, deriving exact solutions of the complex sine-Gordon equation and of the coefficients in the three-term recurrence relation associated with generalised Charlier polynomials.
Numerical study of the radio-frequency biased accelerating system in ion thrusters
Authors: BAI Jinwei , CAO Yong , LI Yang , WANG Kaifa , TIAN Bin , HU Yuan
Published: February 2023

A 2D-3V implicit immersed-finite-element particle-in-cell (IFE-PIC) model is introduced to investigate the radio-frequency (RF) self-bias accelerating system applied in the RF ion thruster. A set of holes in a two-grid system with slit apertures is simulated in Cartesian coordinates. The characteristics of the plasma plume, such as the ion density, the neutralization rate and the ion and electron current density were investigated for different RF voltage amplitudes (600−1200 V) and frequencies (6−30 MHz). Furthermore, the performance of the thruster was also carefully studied. The simulation results show that a well-focused plasma beam can be formed when the voltage amplitude is larger than 900 V and the frequency exceeds the reciprocal of ion transit time (≥12 MHz) in our simulation cases. The performance of the system can be evidently improved by increasing the voltage amplitude and the frequency, and the losses of the particle and thrust are reduced correspondingly. The bulk region of the plasma beam downstream shows good quasi-neutrality, and the ions are dominant in the peripheral region when a well-focused state is achieved. The high ion density beamlet in the periphery of the ion beam is closer to the axis when the voltage amplitude is increasing, while it is expanded radially when increasing the frequency. Backstream electrons have been observed upstream, and this mainly occurs in the phase in which the electron cannot escape.
Quantum control of tunable-coupling transmons using dynamical invariants of motion
Authors: Espinós H , Panadero I , García-Ripoll J J , Torrontegui E
Published: February 2023

We analyze the implementation of a fast nonadiabatic CZ gate between two transmon qubits with tunable coupling. The gate control method is based on a theory of dynamical invariants which leads to reduced leakage and robustness against decoherence. The gate is based on a description of the resonance between the

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using an effective Hamiltonian with the six lowest energy states. A modification of the protocol allows us to take into account the higher-order perturbative corrections of this effective model. This enables a gate fidelity several orders of magnitude higher than other quasiadiabatic protocols, with gate times that approach the theoretical limit.
Optimal control in stochastic thermodynamics
Authors: Blaber Steven , Sivak David A
Published: February 2023

We review recent progress in optimal control in stochastic thermodynamics. Theoretical advances provide in-depth insight into minimum-dissipation control with either full or limited (parametric) control, and spanning the limits from slow to fast driving and from weak to strong driving. Known exact solutions give a window into the properties of minimum-dissipation control, which are reproduced by approximate methods in the relevant limits. Connections between optimal-transport theory and minimum-dissipation protocols under full control give deep insight into the properties of optimal control and place bounds on the dissipation of thermodynamic processes. Since minimum-dissipation protocols are relatively well understood and advanced approximation methods and numerical techniques for estimating minimum-dissipation protocols have been developed, now is an opportune time for application to chemical and biological systems.
Nanoscale direct-write fabrication of superconducting devices for application in quantum technologies
Authors: De Teresa José María
Published: February 2023

In this Perspective article, we evaluate the current state of research on the use of focused electron and ion beams to directly fabricate nanoscale superconducting devices with application in quantum technologies. First, the article introduces the main superconducting devices and their fabrication by means of standard lithography techniques such as optical lithography and electron beam lithography. Then, focused ion beam patterning of superconductors through milling or irradiation is shown, as well as the growth of superconducting devices by means of focused electron and ion beam induced deposition. We suggest that the key benefits of these resist-free direct-growth techniques for quantum technologies include the ability to make electrical nanocontacts and circuit edit, fabrication of high-resolution superconducting resonators, creation of Josephson junctions and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUIDs) for on-tip sensors, patterning of high-Tc SQUIDs and other superconducting circuits, and the exploration of fluxtronics and topological superconductivity.
US power sector carbon capture and storage under the Inflation Reduction Act could be costly with limited or negative abatement potential
Authors: Grubert Emily , Sawyer Frances
Published: February 2023

The United States’ (US) largest-ever investment in expected climate mitigation, through 2022’s Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), relies heavily on subsidies. One major subsidy, the 45Q tax credit for carbon oxide sequestration, incentivizes emitters to maximize production and sequestration of carbon oxides, not abatement. Under IRA’s 45Q changes, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is expected to be profitable for coal- and natural gas-based electricity generator owners, particularly regulated utilities that earn a guaranteed rate of return on capital expenditures, despite being costlier than zero-carbon resources like wind or solar. This analysis explores investment decisions driven by profitability rather than system cost minimization, particularly where investments enhance existing assets with an incumbent workforce, existing supplier relationships, and internal knowledge-base. This analysis introduces a model and investigates six scenarios for lifespan extension and capacity factor changes to show that US CCS fossil power sector retrofits could demand $0.4–$3.6 trillion in 45Q tax credits to alter greenhouse gas emissions by −24% ($0.4 trillion) to +82% ($3.6 trillion) versus business-as-usual for affected generators. Particularly given long lead times, limited experience, and the potential for CCS projects to crowd or defer more effective alternatives, regulators should be extremely cautious about power sector CCS proposals.