bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The volume product of convex bodies with many hyperplane symmetries
Authors: Barthe F. , Fradelizi M.
Published: March 2013

Mahler’s conjecture predicts a sharp lower bound on the volume of the polar of a convex body in terms of its volume. We confirm the conjecture for convex bodies with many hyperplane symmetries in the following sense: their hyperplanes of symmetries have a one-point intersection. Moreover, we obtain improved sharp lower bounds for classes of convex bodies which are invariant by certain reflection groups, namely direct products of the isometry groups of regular polytopes.
Manifolds covered by lines and the Hartshorne Conjecture for quadratic manifolds
Authors: Ionescu Paltin , Russo Francesco
Published: March 2013

Small codimensional embedded manifolds defined by equations of small degree are Fano and covered by lines. They are complete intersections exactly when the variety of lines through a general point is so and has the right codimension. This allows us to prove the Hartshorne Conjecture for manifolds defined by quadratic equations and to obtain the list of such Hartshorne manifolds.
Vanishing of Ext, cluster tilting modules and finite global dimension of endomorphism rings
Authors: Dao Hailong , Huneke Craig
Published: March 2013

Let $R$ be a Cohen-Macaulay ring and $M$ a maximal Cohen-Macaulay $R$-module. Inspired by recent striking work by Iyama, Burban-Iyama-Keller-Reiten and van den Bergh we study the question of when the endomorphism ring of $M$ has finite global dimension via certain conditions about vanishing of Ext modules. We are able to strengthen certain results by Iyama on connections between a higher dimension version of Auslander correspondence and existence of non-commutative crepant resolutions. We also recover and extend to positive characteristics a recent Theorem by Burban-Iyama-Keller-Reiten on cluster-tilting objects in the category of maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over reduced $1$-dimensional hypersurfaces.
How Can Traditional Knowledge Best Be Regulated?: Comparing a Proprietary Rights Approach with a Regulatory Toolbox Approach
Authors: Forsyth Miranda
Published: March 2013

Traditional knowledge is increasingly being seen as a potential source of economic value in the Pacific Islands region. As a result of this, and a belief that traditional knowledge is currently at risk in a number of respects, a move to protect it has developed over the past decade. This move has largely focused on the creation, through legislation, of a sui generis inalienable and perpetual property right in traditional knowledge, vested in its "owners" or "holders." However, to date, very little attention has been paid to the issue of determining who these owners or holders should be. The first part of this article seeks to fill this gap by highlighting the institutional and normative issues implicated in any legislation that envisages group ownership over traditional knowledge. The second part proposes an alternative approach to the regulation of traditional knowledge, one that is not based on the creation of new proprietary rights. It argues that this alternative "regulatory toolbox" approach can achieve the same objectives for the protection of traditional knowledge that have been articulated in the push for the development of sui generis legislation, while avoiding many of the potential sites of conflict inherent in such an approach.
Looking Good: The Cultural Politics of the Island Dress for Young Women in Vanuatu
Authors: Cummings Maggie
Published: March 2013

In this article, I explore the contingent and contested boundaries of looking good for young women in Vanuatu and the ways in which they negotiate these boundaries. I use women's dress as a lens through which to focus on the relationships among gender, modernity, race, and morality, and I show the ways in which all four are condensed and embodied in the moral and aesthetic imperative for women to look good. In particular, I focus on the island dress, a dress first introduced by missionaries but taken up after independence as an emblem of national pride and as the traditional dress for women. Although wearing the island dress is the commonsense way for women to look good, the young women with whom I conducted fieldwork in 2001-2002 and again in 2008 and 2011 experienced a great deal of ambivalence about the dress. They often preferred to wear trousers and T -shirts, which frequently won them the disapproval of their elders. By focusing on the polyvalent meanings of the island dress, the realities of young people's everyday lives in the capital, and the uneven terrain of the dress-scape of Vanuatu, I show that young women's love/hate relationship with island dress reflects their frustration with their ambiguous place in the contemporary national imaginary.
Ecocity Mapping Using GIS: Introducing a Planning Method for Assessing and Improving Neighborhood Vitality
Authors: Smith Richard , Miller Kirstin
Published: March 2013

Background : Assessing neighborhood vitality is important to understanding how to improve quality of life and health outcomes. The ecocity model recognizes that cities are part of natural systems and favors walkable neighborhoods. This article introduces ecocity mapping, an innovative planning method, to the public health literature on community engagement by describing a pilot project with a new affordable housing development in Oakland, California between 2007 and 2009. Although ecocity mapping began as a paper technology, advances in geographic information systems (GIS) moved it forward.
Objectives: This article describes how Ecocity Builders used GIS to conduct ecocity mapping to (1) assess vitality of neighborhoods and urban centers to prioritize community health intervention pilot sites and (2) create scenario maps for use in community health planning.
Methods: From fall 2007 to summer 2008, Ecocity Builders assessed neighborhood vitality using walking distance from parks, schools, rapid transit stops, grocery stores, and retail outlets. In 2008, ecocity maps were shared with residents to create a neighborhood health and sustainability plan. In 2009, Ecocity Builders developed scenario maps to show how changes to the built environment would improve air quality by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles, while increasing access to basic services and natural amenities.
Conclusions: Community organizing with GIS was more useful than GIS alone for final site selection. GIS was useful in mapping scenarios after residents shared local neighborhood knowledge and ideas for change. Residents were interested in long-term environmental planning, provided they could meet immediate needs.
Be Active Together: Supporting Physical Activity in Public Housing Communities Through Women-Only Programs
Authors: Marinescu Luiza G. , Sharify Denise , Krieger James , Saelens Brian E. , Calleja Jeniffer , Aden Ayaan
Published: March 2013

Background : Low-income and minority groups in the United States have low levels of physical activity that contribute to health inequities. In public housing communities, both built and social environments are key factors that impact residents’ physical activity levels.
Objective: To develop and evaluate women-only physical activity programs that provide women from cultures in which physical activity in mixed-gender settings is not acceptable (e.g., Muslim women) with physical activity opportunities.
Methods: We describe the use of community-based participatory research (CBPR) process and evaluation feedback from our initial research and evaluation phases, including focus groups, to shape interventions.
Lessons Learned: Active community engagement in all phases of research, including cultural tailoring of interventions, and decisions about location and affordability, was critical. Implementing interventions in public housing is feasible, but requires frequent feedback from residents and correction.
Conclusions: The use of CBPR resulted in the implementation of a successful, culturally appropriate set of physical activity interventions, specifically for Muslim Somali women. Housing authorities should consider incorporating recreational facilities on site and women-only opportunities to provide venues for physical activity.
Addressing Chronic Disease Within Supportive Housing Programs
Authors: Henwood Benjamin F. , Stanhope Victoria , Brawer Rickie , Weinstein Lara Carson , Lawson James , Stwords Edward , Crossan Cornelius
Published: March 2013

Background : Tenants of supportive housing have a high burden of chronic health conditions.
Objectives: To examine the feasibility of developing a tenant-involved health promotion initiative within a “housing first” agency using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) framework.
Methods: Qualitative analyses of nine research capacity-building group meetings and fifteen individual pre- and post-interviews with those who completed a chronic disease self-management program, resulting in the development of several themes.
Results: Tenants of supportive housing successfully partnered with health care providers to implement a chronic disease self-management program, noting that “health care becomes ‘relevant’ with housing.”
Conclusions: Supportive housing organizations are well-situated to implement health promotion initiatives. Such publicly subsidized housing that is accompanied by comprehensive supports must also include self-management training to help people overcome both internal and external barriers to addressing chronic health needs.
HUD’s Livable Communities Conference: Building Capacity for Change Through Evidence Dissemination and Partnership-Based Training
Authors: Confair Amy R. , Wilson Deanda , Schildhorn Lisa , Keppen Stacey J. , Hart Bianca , Klassen Ann C.
Published: March 2013

Background: A growing prioritization for addressing the health needs of low-resource individuals in public housing has resulted from increased recognition of disparities and the effects of housing and the built environment on residents’ health. With scarce financial resources, creating capacity for local partnerships to plan and implement small-scale, evidence-based improvements may be more sustainable. The “Livable Communities Conference” held in Philadelphia in 2011 is one example of a capacity-building event.
Objectives: The goals of the event were to engage local housing authority staff, residents, and service providers in education and planning around health disparities issues in public housing by presenting evidence of effective practices, creating networking opportunities for developing strategic partnerships, and training to foster action planning for strategic local initiatives.
Methods: The 2-day conference included one day of scientific and practice-based presentations and one day of professionally facilitated workshop activities including small and larger group discussions.
Conclusions: The event successfully convened wide-ranging stakeholders and exposed participants to “bigger picture” views, and was successful in disseminating best practices information from research and practice perspectives. Wider recruiting for participation and improved integration of Day 1 and Day 2 activities and participants could have yielded even further impact. Based on the success and the perceived potential impact of this event, facilitating similar community capacity-building events that convene a wide range of stakeholders to discuss health in public housing and low-resource communities is recommended. Discussions around the personal dynamics of partnerships and resistance to change also proved useful.
Organizing for Healthy Communities: A Report from Public Housing in Los Angeles
Authors: Dahmann Nicholas , Dennison Becky
Published: March 2013

Background : Public health outcomes in public housing communities deserve and require more attention. Recent work in Los Angeles demonstrates a model for contributing to improved health outcomes in public housing communities.
Objectives: This article describes community organizing and coalition-building efforts focused on community health issues in public housing, and documents outcomes and lessons learned from resident-led work in the Los Angeles Human Right to Housing Collective.
Methods: Our team used a case study of the practice of community organizing, coalition building, resident engagement, advocacy, health impact assessment, and a human rights framework.
Results: Results include successes that promote individual and community health in public housing communities in Los Angeles, including public housing preservation, improved maintenance procedures, and increased tenant participation.
Conclusions: Community organizing and resident-driven projects are fundamental to improving community health in public housing communities; it is necessary for decision makers to deeply engage with organized residents and incorporate their recommendations.
What Do Public Housing Residents Say About Their Health?
Authors: Bowen Deborah J. , Battaglia Tracy A , Murrell Samantha S. , Bhosrekar SarahG. , Caron Sarah E. , Smith Eugenia , Thomas Gerry , Rorie Jo-Anna , Maetschke Laura M. , Goodman Rachel
Published: March 2013

Background: Residents of public housing have poorer health indicators than comparably resourced individuals from the larger community.

Objectives: To identify major health concerns, issues, and barriers to health of community members living in public housing developments, especially as related to cardiovascular disease prevention. To identify similarities and differences between data collected using two methods to inform future health promotion programs and policies.

Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted with resident leaders and analyzed qualitatively in eight housing developments. Results were compared with quantitative data collected from a resident health survey with a large sample that analyzed individual and development-level characteristics, major health concerns, and barriers.

Results: Several development-level characteristics were significantly associated with residents’ health concerns and barriers, including development size, percentage of Spanish speakers, and presence of a tenant task force (TTF); important health promotion barriers included lack of resident engagement, inconsistency in programming, lack of knowledge of actions to prevent chronic disease, and lack of resources for health promotion. Safety-related health concerns were named as a priority.

Conclusions: Multiple data collection methods can yield important data about community health priorities and barriers; areas of difference and similarity between methods are especially useful in guiding health promotion efforts and opportunities.
Chinese Workers Foxconned
Authors: Perlin Ross
Published: March 2013

The suicide nets are still there. Foxconn, the giant electronics manufacturing subcontractor, installed them in 2010, a year when fourteen workers died after jumping from the ledges and windows of crowded dormitories. In addition to the wide mesh nets, stretched low over the streets of Foxconn's company towns, the corporation has twenty-four-hour "care centers," "no suicide agreements," and a psychological test to screen out potentially suicidal workers, charged to the job applicant. It has raised wages signifi cantly, but only in the face of runaway inflation, steep hikes in the minimum wage, and mounting worker unrest. Media attention and pressure from Apple, one of its main customers, backed up by a program of regular factory audits, seem to be driving incremental improvements in working conditions.
Guest Workers As Bellwether
Authors: Eidelson Josh
Published: March 2013

"By the time Martha Uvalle's boss threatened to have her children assaulted, she'd already lowered her expectations. Uvalle, a forty-year-old from Tamalipas, Mexico, has come to Louisiana as a guest worker every year since 2006. "I came to fulfill the American Dream," Uvalle told me with a laugh in November. Her choice to become a guest worker was "difficult, because you know you're leaving your children." But given "the chance to make a little money . . . you decide the sacrifice is worth it." Each year, Uvalle worked for two to fi ve months for CJ's Seafood in Louisiana, supplying shrimp to companies including the retail giant Wal-Mart. "You have the costs here, the costs there, the costs to come here, so you really can't save any money." She also took out high-interest loans to pay for the costs of the travel. Still, "it's more than you can make in Mexico. But it's not what I was expecting." (Interviews with Uvalle and other guest workers were conducted in Spanish.)"
Through the Workers' Blood
Authors: Blumgart Jake
Published: March 2013

As the overall unionization rate in the United States dips ever closer to single digits, the decades-long assault on organized labor seems to be reaching its zenith. Nothing stirs conservative passions like the idea that workers should have some protection, voice, and a vehicle for advancing their interests in the workplace. As Nelson Lichtenstein and Elizabeth Tandy Shermer write in their introduction to The Right and Labor in America: Politics, Ideology, and Imagination , "While the American Right has many ideological and institutional strands, a commitment to laissez-faire within the labor market, or rather to a regulatory regime that precludes the self-organization of the vast majority of American workers, has been consistent and persistent..."
What Obama Omitted
Authors: Walzer Michael
Published: March 2013

Dissent is a magazine for people who worry. So here is something to worry about, highlighted by Barack Obama's inaugural address. I am certainly glad that it was his inauguration, but what he said or, better, didn't say, illustrates one of the central problems of left politics today. We are committed to the struggle for economic equality and to the role of unions in that struggle, and right now that commitment is not a source of political strength, as we once thought it would be.
Between Dignity and Human Rights
Authors: Neier Aryeh
Published: March 2013

Public pronouncements on human rights by American officials and by nongovernmental rights advocates often include references to dignity. Yet the term does not appear in the fundamental texts that shaped the American commitment to rights—the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, and the post-Civil War amendments to the United States Constitution. Many of those using the word may not recognize that Europeans (and others, too) who speak of dignity often mean something that does not accord with the central value given to liberty in the traditional American approach to rights. Though liberty and dignity can be complementary values, there are circumstances in which they can come into conflict. Yet references to dignity have become prominent in American discussions of rights, perhaps because the term is used so frequently in other parts of the world. Another factor may be recognition that, in some important areas, commitment to the concept of dignity, as it is understood in Europe, provides greater protection for rights than is available in the United States.
Fast Change and Its Discontents
Authors: Wasserstrom Jeffrey
Published: March 2013

This special section offers a behind-the-headlines view of China that focuses on how some of the groups and individuals that make up the country's laobaixing (roughly, "the 99 percent") have been living through and shaping complex and challenging times. The authors, who have a deep understanding of life on the ground in today's China, steer clear of discussion of the famous figures whose views and actions often dominate daily news coverage of China. In doing so, they illustrate the flaws in two influential visions of Chinese politics that have, each in its own way, distorted American thinking about China ever since June 4, 1989, the momentous day that saw both a massacre of protesters and bystanders near Tiananmen Square and the first electoral victory in Poland of Solidarity.
When Humanitarianism Turns Realistic
Authors: Fassin Didier
Published: March 2013

On March 19, 2011, French and British forces, with the military support of the United States, launched a massive attack against the Libyan army. The official objective of the air and naval strikes was to impose a no-fl y zone to protect the civilians of Misrata, Ajdabiya, and Benghazi from massacres predicted by the head of the Libyan National Transitional Council. Nine days later, French president Nicolas Sarkozy and British prime minister David Cameron jointly declared that "hundreds of thousands of people had thus been saved from a humanitarian disaster"—but, they added, "Libya was still confronted with a humanitarian crisis."
Open Letter to the Parties: Time for the Neo-Dissidents
Authors: Sierakowski Sławomir
Published: March 2013

No liberal democracy, political party, market economy, or human right is set in stone. People created these concepts, and people have the power to destroy them. These social constructs are often elevated to the rank of universal laws or endowed with a sacred permanence; they carry on, immutable, even when utterly stripped of the spirit in which they originally came into being. If I had not seen the thousands of people protesting in the streets of Spain, peacefully demanding legal reforms to laws governing their political existence, perhaps I would lack the confi dence to write the following: we are witnessing the demise of state systems made up of political parties as we know them today.
Post-Hysterics: Zadie Smith and the Fiction of Austerity
Authors: Marcus David
Published: March 2013

"The literature of the 1990s and early 2000s was a catchall of voices and styles: experimental and staid, high and low, monumental and grotesque—often all at once. While an older generation of novelists—Peter Carey and Philip Roth, J.M. Coetzee and Ian McEwan, Toni Morrison and Barry Unsworth—retreated to history, choosing to fictionalize the past rather than be consumed by the present, a new group of avant gardists—Richard Powers, David Foster Wallace, Dave Eggers, and Zadie Smith—tried their hand at the now. Inspired by the speculative fiction of Thomas Pynchon and Don DeLillo, they sought to write the next BIG NOVEL: fiction capacious enough to contain the wide girth of post-Cold War capitalism. But if the literature of the turn of the twentieth century appeared to be a frenzy of new voices and styles, it was also oriented toward a common goal. For unlike their predecessors, this new generation sought to rebuild the world rather than deconstruct it."
Land of Many Nationalisms
Authors: Gao Helen
Published: March 2013

If the events of this January were omens, 2013 should be an eventful year for the People's Republic of China (PRC). It began with crowds of protesters gathering in front of the headquarters of Southern Weekend, a newspaper based in Guangdong province that has earned a reputation for covering controversial stories. The protesters, mostly youths, carried posters calling for freedom of the press and in some cases wore Guy Fawkes masks of the kind sported by an opponent of dictatorship in the V for Vendetta comic books and film. They took to the streets to show their support for the newspaper in its most recent struggle against offi cial censors who, in this case, had deleted the publication's New Year editorial calling for political reform and put in its place an anodyne commentary backing the government.
Becoming a Dissent nik
Authors: Walzer Michael
Published: March 2013

Now that I am about to become an ordinary Dissent nik, I want to describe how that happened once before—in 1954, when I held the first issue of the magazine in my hands. I grew up in the Popular Front, reading Max Lerner and Izzy (I.F.) Stone in the daily newspaper PM . When I was eleven, I wrote a childish "History of World War Two," which ended "Russia fights not for the lust of conquest, but to end conquest." (I had long forgotten where I got that line until a friend told me: it came from Franklin Roosevelt's address to the nation on D-Day, 1944—but FDR wasn't talking about the Russians.) Paul Robeson's "Ballad for Americans" was my idea of high culture. At thirteen, I was editing and writing a little newsletter for my friends and relatives, called Between the Lines .
Austerity and the Unraveling of European Universal Health Care
Authors: Gaffney Adam
Published: March 2013

A great human disaster is now unfolding in the many Eurozone countries that have agreed to slash spending, wages, and living standards to meet the demands of fiscal austerity. One facet of this story that has received far too little attention, however, is the effect of these measures on the health of these nations.
The Forgotten Radical History of the March on Washington
Authors: Jones William P.
Published: March 2013

"The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which occurred fifty years ago this August 28, remains one of the most successful mobilizations ever created by the American Left. Organized by a coalition of trade unionists, civil rights activists, and feminists—most of them African American and nearly all of them socialists—the protest drew nearly a quarter-million people to the nation's capital. Composed primarily of factory workers, domestic servants, public employees, and farm workers, it was the largest demonstration—and, some argued, the largest gathering of union members—in the history of the United States."
Women's Rights at Risk
Authors: Fincher Leta Hong
Published: March 2013

On the face of it, Wu Mei (not her real name) represents the modern Chinese woman who has achieved spectacular success. Just thirtyone years old, she makes around one million RMB (roughly $150,000) a year as an attorney in Beijing, a salary that likely places her in the top 1 percent income bracket in China. Slender and beautiful, she could be the perfect cover model for a magazine feature on "China's richest women." Yet, as she speaks, a darker picture emerges. Wu recently managed to obtain a divorce from her abusive husband after five years of marriage, but only by giving up her home, her life savings, and most of her belongings.
A Decent Leftist
Authors: Kazin Michael
Published: March 2013

A few months after the attacks of September 11, 2001, Michael Walzer wrote an article for Dissent, "Can There Be a Decent Left?," which made a number of American leftists rather mad. In it, Michael reproached those who saw the mass murders ordered by Osama Bin Laden as revenge for "the crimes of the imperial state." Too many radicals responded to the grief of their fellow citizens and their desire that al-Qaeda be punished by saying, in effect, that we Americans had it coming. That response was, Michael wrote, an indecent act, that instead, "what is necessary now is an engagement with our fellow citizens that recognizes the fellowship. We can be as critical as we like, but these are people whose fate we share; we are responsible for their safety as they are for ours, and our politics has to reflect that mutual responsibility."
The Microhistorian
Authors: Mari Francesca
Published: March 2013

In high school, Jill Lepore—now an Americanist at Harvard and a prolific contributor to the New Yorker—didn't see the point of going to college. And if it hadn't been for an army scholarship, she probably wouldn't have. Although she was secretly a manic reader and writer, her reputation, perpetuated through the town newspaper and her troves of trophies, was that of a jock. She maintained this image throughout her first year at Tufts, where she participated in the Reserve Officer Training Corps, played sports, and failed her math classes. Then she received a letter in the mail that changed everything.
China's Youth: Do They Dare to Care about Politics?
Authors: Ash Alec
Published: March 2013

At a teeming intersection of Shenzhen's Dongmen shopping street, between KFC and McDonald's, Liu Zhongqiu, twenty-one, sits on a white fold-up chair that looks as if it is about to break and clasps his hands together like a proselyte whenever a passerby drops money into his bucket. His legs below the knee are swollen to the size of balloons, puckered and mottled with grey spots. His feet poke out below, useless and misshapen as if they fell off and were glued back on wrong. His disease, elephantiasis, has left him crippled and in a constant aching pain that registers on his furrowed brow above fleshy cheeks, high eyebrows, and coffee-colored eyes.
The Mensch
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C.
Published: March 2013

One night last fall, eating my dinner somewhat hastily between an afternoon meeting and an evening meeting, I picked up the latest issue of Dissent (Winter 2013), opened it at random, and began reading. Immediately my feeling of being rushed and fragmented by administrative trivia fell away, and I was in a lovely world of real thought. I had happened upon Chelsea Szendi Schieder's "Baby Bust in Japan," and in just a short time I learned to appreciate the contours of a problem that I vaguely knew about, but didn't know how to think about. The writing was vivid, but respectful of the reader rather than assaultive or sensationalistic. The argument was clear, showing where one might dig in further, or disagree. And the empirical information, while lightly worn, was certainly helpful to someone like me, who rarely goes to Japan and lacks a context in which to view its women's movement. I was so happy I had picked up that issue.
Indigenous Lands, Commons, Juridical Pluralism and Sustainability in Brazil: Lessons from the Indigenous Lands of Raposa Serra do Sol
Authors: Lauriola Vincenzo M.
Published: March 2013

Problematizar o status das Terras Indígenas (TIs) no Brasil enquanto commons permite abordar analiticamente relevância específica das TIs, e o papel geral do pluralismo jurídico, para a sustentabilidade. A relação entre commons e sustentabilidade é abordada com base nos trabalhos teóricos de Ostrom e dados empíricos. O desafio jurídico-político das sobreposições entre Unidades de Conservação e TIs é analisado com base no caso Raposa Serra do Sol e seu desfecho no STF. Conclui-se destacando a necessidade de se incorporar considerações de pluralismo jurídico nas políticas públicas de sustentabilidade numa conjuntura caracterizada por sinais contraditórios nos poderes político e judiciário.
Current Trends in Latin American Commons Research
Authors: Robson James P. , Lichtenstein Gabriela
Published: March 2013

A lo largo de las diversas regiones y países que componen América Latina existe escaso conocimiento sobre los bienes comunes, y la investigación sobre los mismos. Este trabajo se refiere a esta brecha del conocimiento mediante una revisión de datos sobre la tenencia comunal de la tierra en la región, seguido de un análisis de las publicaciones académicas y presentaciones en congresos internacionales durante el período 1990–2012. Se muestra que la producción académica en Latino América, si bien está creciendo, se encuentra concentrada, relativamente, en un pequeño número de países. Se especulan las razones para ello e identifican los desafíos que necesitan atenderse para que la investigación sobre los bienes comunes pueda prosperar en la región y maximizar su impacto académico y sobre las políticas públicas.
When the State Supplies the Commons: Origins, Changes, and Design of Mexico’s Common Property Regime
Authors: Bray David Barton
Published: March 2013

Este estudio analiza el sistema de propiedad común de Mexico, dirigido por el Estado, del punto de vista de los principios de diseño de Elinor Ostrom, sus ideas de selección institucional (constitucional, colectivo, y operacional) y el tema de tanto los origines como de los cambios en oferta institucional. La evolución histórica de las instituciones de propiedad común, con referencia especial a las comunidades con manejo forestal, requiere una extensión de los principios de diseño para tomar en cuenta que autonomía en reglas locales y un aparato nacional regulatorio pueden ser combinada de manera optima y que los mercados pueden ser un factor importante en el éxito en los comunes.
The Impact of Trans-National Migration on Commons Management among Mexican Indigenous Communities
Authors: Klooster Daniel
Published: March 2013

El manejo de tierras comunales necesita comuneros. En muchas partes de América Latina, las comunidades indígenas proveen el conocimiento y mano de obra que hacen el manejo de bienes comunales. La migración en estas comunidades presenta muchas complicaciones del manejo de sus bienes comunales. Al estar lejos de sus territorios de origen, se le complica la habilidad de invertir en el manejo de bienes comunales, también se ve amenazada la agrobiodiversidad dentro de los paisajes que manejan. Sin embargo, al tener menos habitantes también abre la posibilidad para que las comunidades puedan dedicar terrenos para la conservación. Este artículo repasa y discute lo que se conoce de la situación de bienes comunales en México. Se encuentra que en ciertos casos la formación de comunidades transfronterizas vuelve a conectar los migrantes/comuneros con sus comunidades y llegan a revitalizar el manejo de bienes comunales. La migración crea algunas oportunidades, pero aun presenta más retos en el manejo de los bienes comunales. Merece más atención de parte de los investigadores en el tema de bienes comunales.
The Dynamic Forest Commons of Central America: New Directions for Research
Authors: Monterroso Iliana , Larson Anne M.
Published: March 2013

El presente artículo hace una revisión de la investigación en Centroamérica en materia de bosques desde la perspectiva de la teoría de los recursos de uso común. Se inicia con una revisión breve de los trabajos de investigación realizados a nivel regional y después se resaltan algunas limitaciones de la mayoría de los estudios sobre propiedad común. El artículo se enfoca en el análisis de tres casos de estudio en Guatemala y Nicaragua que fueron parte de un estudio sobre reformas de tenencia en los bosques realizado entre el 2006 y el 2009 para demostrar la necesidad de ampliar las reflexiones más allá de las preguntas y los métodos utilizados en la investigación sobre la propiedad comunal. Se argumenta que hay que incorporar en el análisis temas vinculados a la dinámica y los procesos históricos que producen instituciones y límites en vez de inferir estos aspectos como dados.
Institutional Arrangements for Adaptive Governance of Biodiversity Conservation: The Experience of the Area de Conservación de Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Authors: Basurto Xavier , Jiménez-Pérez Ignacio
Published: March 2013

Se ha dedicado mucha atención a entender cómo evitar la sobre-explotación de los recursos de uso común, mientras que el estudio de cómo producirlos en primera instancia ha recibido menos atención en la literatura. En este trabajo utilizamos el caso del Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) en Costa Rica, para identificar varios atributos institucionales involucrados en su habilidad para co-producir ‘conservación de la biodiversidad.’ Los atributos observados en el ACG son: (1) una visión clara e inspiradora internalizada por el personal operativo; (2) oportunidades de aprendizaje y práctica; (3) alta contextualización organizacional; (4) autonomía financiera y administrativa de largo plazo; y (5) acceso a una variedad de recursos a través de vínculos a múltiples escalas. Discutimos como estos atributos interactúan para crear un sistema dinámico para la gobernanza adaptativa de biodiversidad y porqué estos factores estaban ausentes en otras áreas protegidas de Costa Rica.
Research and Scholarship on Natural Commons in Brazil
Authors: Seixas Cristiana Simão , de Araujo Luciana Gomes , Piccolo Fernanda Binotti
Published: March 2013

Este artigo investiga o estado da arte da pesquisa e ensino sobre recursos naturais de uso comum no Brasil. Enviamos questionários a diversos pesquisadores para identificar os desafios, as lacunas e as conquistas relacionadas ao tema. Realizamos também uma revisão da literatura em português, com foco nos recursos naturais de uso comum, particularmente relacionados a biodiversidade. Concluimos com sugestões para transpor estes desafios e avançar com a pesquisa, o ensino e a extensão para a gestão sustentável dos recursos comuns e para o avanço da teoria dos comuns.
Toward a Taxonomy of Projective Content
Authors: Tonhauser Judith , Beaver David , Roberts Craige , Simons Mandy
Published: March 2013

Projective contents, which include presuppositional inferences and Potts's (2005) conventional implicatures, are contents that may project when a construction is embedded, as standardly identified by the FAMILY-OF-SENTENCES diagnostic (e.g. Chierchia & McConnell-Ginet 1990). This article establishes distinctions among projective contents on the basis of a series of diagnostics, including a variant of the family-of-sentences diagnostic, that can be applied with linguistically untrained consultants in the field and the laboratory. These diagnostics are intended to serve as part of a toolkit for exploring projective contents across languages, thus allowing generalizations to be examined and validated crosslinguistically. We apply the diagnostics in two languages, focusing on Paraguayan Guaraní (Tupí-Guaraní), and comparing the results to those for English. Our study of Paraguayan Guaraní is the first systematic exploration of projective content in a language other than English. Based on the application of our diagnostics to a wide range of constructions, four subclasses of projective contents emerge. The resulting taxonomy of projective content has strong implications for contemporary theories of projection (e.g. Karttunen 1974, Heim 1983, van der Sandt 1992, Potts 2005, Schlenker 2009), which were developed for the projective properties of particular subclasses and fail to generalize to the full set of projective contents.
Conspiring to Mean: Experimental and Computational Evidence for a Usage-Based Harmonic Approach to Morphophonology
Authors: Kapatsinski Vsevolod
Published: March 2013

This article reports on an experiment with miniature artificial languages that provides support for a synthesis of ideas from USAGE-BASED PHONOLOGY (Bybee 1985, 2001, Nesset 2008) and HARMONIC GRAMMAR (Legendre et al. 1990, Smolensky & Legendre 2006). All miniature artificial languages presented to subjects feature velar palatalization ( k → tſ ) before a plural suffix, - i . I show that (i) examples of - i simply attaching to a [tſ]-final stem help palatalization (supporting t → tſi over t → ti and p → tſi over p → pi ), a finding that provides specific support for product-oriented schemas like 'plurals should end in [tſi]'; (ii) learners tend to perseverate on the form they know, leveling stem changes, which provides support for paradigm-uniformity constraints in favor of retaining gestures composing the known form, for example, 'keep labiality'; and (iii) the same plural schema helps untrained singular-plural mappings more than it helps trained ones. This result is accounted for by proposing that schemas and paradigm-uniformity constraints clamor for candidate plural forms that obey them. Given that competition is between candidate outputs, the same schema provides more help to candidates that violate strong paradigm-uniformity constraints and are therefore weak relative to competitor candidates. A computational model of schema extraction is proposed.
Recursion in Pragmatics
Authors: Levinson Stephen C.
Published: March 2013

There has been a recent spate of work on recursion as a central design feature of language. This short report points out that there is little evidence that unlimited recursion, understood as center-embedding, is typical of natural language syntax. Nevertheless, embedded pragmatic construals seem available in every language. Further, much deeper center-embedding can be found in dialogue or conversation structure than can be found in syntax. Existing accounts for the 'performance' limitations on center-embedding are thus thrown into doubt. Dialogue materials suggest that center-embedding is perhaps a core part of the human interaction system, and is for some reason much more highly restricted in syntax than in other aspects of cognition.
Sound Correspondences in the World's Languages
Authors: Brown Cecil H. , Holman Eric W. , Wichmann Søren
Published: March 2013

An automated sound correspondence-recognition program developed by the authors is applied to a data set consisting of standardized word lists for over half of the world's languages. Online appendices present the results in a compendium of 692 recurrent sound correspondences that contains information about the frequency of occurrence of each correspondence. Applications of the compendium to historical linguistics are proposed. For example, the catalog of correspondences and frequencies facilitates objective assessment of the commonness or rarity of shared phonological innovations cited as evidence for language-family subgrouping. In another analysis, correspondence frequency is used to measure the degree of similarity between different sounds, yielding models for classifying consonants and vowels that substantially agree with articulatory properties. Correspondence-based similarities are also compared with measurements of sound similarity involving factors such as perceptual confusions, speech errors, and cooccurrence patterns in synchronic phonological rules. Sound similarity discerned from both the perception and production of speech is found to correlate to about the same extent with correspondence-based similarities.
One Hundred Years of Sound Change in Philadelphia: Linear Incrementation, Reversal, and Reanalysis
Authors: Labov William , Rosenfelder Ingrid , Fruehwald Josef
Published: March 2013

The study of sound change in progress in Philadelphia has been facilitated by the application of forced alignment and automatic vowel measurement to a large corpus of neighborhood studies, including 379 speakers with dates of birth from 1888 to 1991. Two of the sound changes active in the 1970s show a linear pattern of incrementation in succeeding decades. The fronting of back upgliding vowels /aw/ and /ow/ shows a reversal in the direction of change, beginning with those born after 1940. The study also finds a general withdrawal from two salient features of local phonology, tense /æh/ and /oh/, led by those with higher education. Younger speakers with higher education have also reorganized the traditional Philadelphia tense/lax split of short- a to form a nasal system with tensing before all and only nasal consonants. The development of the Philadelphia vowel system can be understood in the geographic context of neighboring dialects. Features in common with North and North Midland dialects have accelerated in use while features in common with South Midland and Southern dialects have been reversed in favor of Northern patterns. The microevolution of a linguistic system can be seen here as subject to phonological generalizations but driven by social evaluation as features rise in level of salience for members of the speech community.
Linguistics matters: Resistance and relevance in teacher education
Authors: Curzan Anne
Published: March 2013

This article emphasizes the importance and benefits of showing college students, especially those in teacher education programs, how the material in introductory linguistics courses is relevant to K-12 language arts education. It offers four specific examples of course activities and assignments that can help connect material about the structure of English, language change, and linguistic diversity to the teaching of 'English', language arts, and writing at all levels. Framing these examples is a discussion of potential student and public resistance that instructors should bear in mind when designing course syllabi and activities.
Teaching introductory graduate syntax
Authors: Lasnik Howard
Published: March 2013

I discuss my experiences teaching introductory graduate syntax for forty years and offer some observations and suggestions that might be helpful to others. I particularly emphasize two things: (i) the importance of developing good homework problems and of timely and thoughtful responses to assignments, and (ii) the necessity of stimulating active participation in class discussion. I propose several techniques for making these things happen. I also suggest ways of dealing with a class made up of students who have widely varying backgrounds in the subject matter.
The Poetics of Ritual in Diaspora: Anna Mitgutsch’s Familienfest and Vladimir Vertlib’s Letzter Wunsch
Authors: Guenther Christina
Published: March 2013

Anna Mitgutsch and Vladimir Vertlib trace the trajectories of children of immigration and transmigration. In Familienfest and Letzter Wunsch , both published in 2003, Mitgutsch and Vertlib seem eager to meet the challenges of a changing world by reflecting on the category of Jewishness in an emerging transnational world spanning Europe, Israel, and the United States. Both writers privilege and problematize the performative aspects of Jewish ritual and its constitutive role with regard to Jewish identity, especially within the diaspora. In this paper I investigate the new figurations of transnational community in Mitgutsch’s and Vertlib’s novels.
The Media Myth of America: Joseph Roth’s Hiob and Tarabas
Authors: Gellen Kata
Published: March 2013

Joseph Roth never set foot in America, yet it has a prominent place in his literary world. The scholarly consensus has been that America is viewed largely, if not entirely, in a negative light—a technological hell where family life and Jewish tradition rapidly deteriorate. This essay revises this view through careful readings of aesthetic and religious experience in the novels Hiob (1930) and Tarabas (1934). Far from rejecting American modernity as false, Roth’s novels present America as a possible location—indeed, a necessary stepping stone—for Jewish renewal in modernity. Moreover, America is a transitional and experimental site as well for Roth, who must look beyond the literary registers typically associated with him—journalistic reportage, Habsburg myth, and biblical allegory—in order to represent the Jewish geographical trajectory of his time. In so doing, he generates a new literary register—that of the “media myth of America.” The essay shifts the terms of the debate away from Roth’s verdict on America to an analysis of America as an imaginative product of certain literary, historical, and biographical constraints.
Zwischen “Kriegsgott” und “Operettenfigur”: Inszenierungen militärischer Männlichkeit in der österreichischen Literatur zum Ersten Weltkrieg
Authors: Szczepaniak Monika
Published: March 2013

This article examines the forms of staging confrontation with the experience of difference in literary texts on World War I, taking into account the unique heterogeneity of the Austrian construction of masculinity and the various forms of competition and rivalry. The subject of the analysis is the problematic constitution of the Austrian male identity stylized as a very “male” German national character, on the one hand, and the integration of “Slavic” or “feminine” elements in the construction of Austrian military masculinity, on the other.
Der unzuverlässige Erzähler im Bergwerk: Zu zwei Aspekten der Faschismusanalyse in Hermann Brochs Verzauberung
Authors: Reidy Julian
Published: March 2013

This paper deals with the motif of the mine in Hermann Broch’s novel Die Verzauberung (first version), aiming to analyze the specific intertextual references that inform Broch’s idiosyncratic contribution to the “Bergwerk” topos. The most evident influences in Die Verzauberung are the adaptations of the Falun legend by E. T. A. Hoffmann and Hugo von Hofmannsthal. In tracing the relationship between these texts and Broch’s novel, we observe a phenomenon one could term “selective intertextuality.” I attempt to explain this intertextuality with reference to the primacy Broch accords to a stringent analysis of fascism, which could be said to be the over-arching project of Die Verzauberung , of which the mine motif forms an important part.