bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of sensitivity and uncertainty analyses in the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient of a window
Authors: Hrebík Pavol
Published: February 2013

The type of analysis we choose to use depends on exactly what we intend to explore. TheMonte Carlo (MCA) method, which can be applied to a sensitivity analysis (SA) and anuncertainty analysis (UA), is based on the random selection of a random variablegenerated by all the input parameters X. This paper discusses a realistic model ofa window and is focused on the uncertainties of the input and a sensitivity analysis of theoutput parameters - a window is a heat transfer coefficient. A case study is described toevaluate the necessity of the use of uncertainty and sensitivity analyses.
Local Equivalent Water Thickness Determination as a Source of Data for Flood Phenomenon Observation
Authors: Biryło Monika , Nastula Jolanta
Published: February 2013

In the paper a flood phenomenon is analyzed. For this purpose data from GRACE satellites (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) was used. Filtered data presented in a form of millimeters of Equivalent Water Thickness (EWT) was interpolated in places where flood in 2010 had happened (south of Poland). On a basis of graph where time series of EWT were presented, some conclusions were made. For the thesis confirmation meteorological WGHM and hydrological NOAA models were added to the GRACE model.
Prison drug treatment in Denmark: A historical outline and an analysis of the political debate
Authors: Kolind Torsten , Frank Vibeke Asmussen , Dahl Helle Vibeke , Haller Mie Birk
Published: February 2013

Aims

The article outlines the historical development of prison drug treatment (PDT) in Denmark in order to understand the present situation where PDT is viewed as a natural benign practice. We also identify the different rationales within the political debate on PDT since its rapid expansion in 2000.

Data

Historical and policy documents, grey literature, interviews with key informants in the field.

Results

Four historical periods are identified, from a period when drug treatment was unwelcome in prisons to a re-emergence of the rehabilitation ideal over the last 15 years, when PDT appears unquestioned and its popularity has exploded. Five dissimilar and at times conflicting rationales have been present in the political debate legitimising this policy shift.

Conclusion

Part of the popularity of PDT stems from the fact that it has been used in political debates in order to justify a range of different and even conflicting objectives. With changing penal discourse, PDT may again become unwanted in prison settings.
Sustained Opposite Relationships Between Anabolic Hormones in Preweaning Triplet Lambs Born to Obese Mothers
Authors: Kosior-Korzecka Urszula , Patkowski Krzysztof , Bobowiec Ryszard , Wójcik Marta , Tusińska Elżbieta
Published: February 2013

The aim of the study was to analyse the effects of maternal obesity and the litter size on the growth rate and plasma concentrations of GH, IGF-1, insulin, and glucose in ewe lambs during the first 6 weeks of their postnatal life. Seventy-six SCP sheep: 35 ewes and 41 female offspring were used. Before gestation, the ewes were divided into two groups: N - normally weighing and O - obese sheep. After the parturition, the lambing rate and the birth type were estimated. The born female lambs were separated into five groups: IN - singleton and IIN - twin offspring of normally weighing mothers; IO - singleton, IIO - twin and IIIO - triplet offspring of obese mothers. They were weighed at birth and weekly thereafter, until the completion of the 6th week of their postnatal life. Afterward, daily weight gains and concentrations of biochemical parameters were analysed. No significant differences in GH, IGF-1, insulin, and glucose levels between the groups of lambs born to non-obese and obese sheep, both carrying singletons and twins, were found. In contrast, significantly increased concentrations of GH (P≤0.001), insulin (P≤0.001), and glucose (P≤0.05) and markedly dropped level of IGF-1 (P≤0.001), as well as reduced daily body mass gains in triplets in comparison to other groups of lambs were observed. Maternal obesity caused significant lambing rate’s accretion with the rise in triplets’ frequency. However, in ewe lambs of this birth type, the disrupted relationships between plasma levels of GH, IGF-1 and growth rate, and between plasma levels of insulin and glucose were found.
Modified Method of Hypoderma Bovis Proteins Transfer Obtained from Gel by Native Electrophoresis onto Nitrocellulose Membrane
Authors: Cencek Tomasz , Karamon Jacek , Sroka Jacek , Zdybel Jolanta
Published: February 2013

This article presents the essential stages leading to development of a modified method for Hypoderma bovis protein transfer, and estimation of the usefulness of semi-quantitative densitometric analysis of western-blottig results. The principal of the method was to incubate the gel obtained with the native electrophoresis method in buffer containing SDS prior to transfer of the separated proteins of L1 H. bovis onto nitrocellulose membrane. In two experiments, the authors estimated the efficacy of the new method and the possibility of using this method for semi-quantitative densitometric investigations.
Control of Residues of Five Macrocyclic Lactones in Cow Milk By Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Szprengier-Juszkiewicz Teresa , Jedziniak Piotr , Olejnik Małgorzata , Żmudzki Jan
Published: February 2013

A sensitive and reliable method has been developed and validated to determine residues of abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin in bovine milk. Isolation of the analytes from milk was performed with the use of liquidliquid extraction with acetonitrile in the presence of sodium chloride. The extract was defatted with hexane and cleaned up using solid phase extraction (C8 cartridge) after forming ion pairs with triethylamine. The analytes were derivatized with N, Ndimethylformamide, acetic acid anhydride, and N-methylimidazole (100°C, 90 min). The derivatives were determined by reverse phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (excitation and emission wavelength 365 nm and 475 nm, respectively). Recoveries of the lactones from milk samples fortified at 10-30 μg kg-1 ranged from 52% to 80% with intra-laboratory reproducibility (CV) of 12.7%-22.8%. The critical concentrations (decision limit, CCα and detection capability, CCβ) were in accordance with target limits. The method has been verified in the proficiency studies by EURL/CVL Berlin (all z-scores in the range of ±2). The method was transferred to routine laboratories, verified in inter-laboratory comparison and successfully applied in the National Residue Control Plan.
Morphometric Analysis of the Ciliary Ganglion in the Domestic Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo F. Domestica) and Domestic Duck (Anas Platyrhynchos F. Domestica)
Authors: Radzimirska Małgorzata
Published: February 2013

The research was performed on 16 one-year-old domestic turkeys of Beltsville race and 16 domestic ducks of the Pekinese race, of both sexes. Standard histological technique was used and morphometric analysis was performed using histological samples. Ciliary ganglion morphometric analysis revealed the presence of two cell populations of ganglionic neurocytes: choroid and ciliary cells, clearly differing in diameter. Ciliary cells were predominant in turkeys, whereas choroid cells in ducks. The statistical analysis showed that the diameter and surface area of ganglionic neurocytes, the diameter and cross sectional area through the ciliary ganglion, as well as, the number of ganglionic cells on the cross-section through the ganglion were significantly larger (P<0.001) in turkeys than in ducks. The difference in the number of choroid and ciliary cells in domestic turkey and domestic duck is probably connected with eye accommodation, which seems to be greater in turkeys.
Annie Proulx’s Imaginative Leap: Constructing Gay Masculinity in “Brokeback Mountain”
Authors: Hart Kylo-Patrick R.
Published: February 2013

Non-heterosexual men have long existed on the social and cultural margins. Gay and bisexual male characters in literature, too, have done so for many generations. This essay explores the construction of gay masculinity in the short story “Brokeback Mountain” in relation to the “imaginative leap” that its author, Annie Proulx, undertook in order to conceptualize and represent this noteworthy form of marginalized otherness. It demonstrates that, despite the story’s various refreshing elements, “Brokeback Mountain” ultimately relies far too extensively on the logic of melodrama when telling the tale of Ennis del Mar and Jack Twist, who fall in love in 1963 and continue their sexual relationship over the course of two decades. As a result, this story ends up positioning its two queer protagonists as enemies of the patriarchal social order and the larger society within which it so comfortably exists, implicitly perpetuating both heterosexism and homophobia as it does its cultural work.
Beyond the Margins: Identity Fragmentation in Visual Representation in Michel Tournier’s La Goutte d’or
Authors: Gray II Richard J.
Published: February 2013

In the final scene of Michel Tournier’s postcolonial novel La Goutte d’or (1986), the protagonist, Idriss, shatters the glass of a Cristobal & Co. storefront window while operating a jackhammer in the working-class Parisian neighbourhood on the Rue de la Goutte d’or. Glass fragments fly everywhere as the Parisian police arrive. In La Goutte d’or, Tournier explores the identity construction of Idriss through a discussion of the role that visual images play in the development of a twentieth-century consciousness of the “Other.” At the beginning of the novel, a French tourist takes a photograph of Idriss during her visit to the Sahara. The boy’s quest to reclaim his stolen image leads him from the Sahara to Marseille, and finally to the Rue de la Goutte d’or in Paris. The Rue de la Goutte d’or remains one the most cosmopolitan neighbourhoods of the city.
In Tournier’s novel, the goutte d’or also corresponds to a symbolic object: a Berber jewel. It is the jewel that Idriss brings with him, but which he also subsequently loses upon his arrival in Marseille. From the very moment that the French tourist photographs him, a marginalization of Idriss’s identity occurs. Marginality, quite literally, refers to the spatial property of a location in which something is situated. Figuratively speaking, marginality suggests something that is on the edges or at the outer limits of social acceptability. In this essay, I explore the construction of the marginalized postcolonial self (the “Other”) through an examination of the function of visual representation in the development of a postcolonial identity in La Goutte d’or. In the end, I conclude that the construction of a postcolonial identity is based upon fragmentation and marginalization, which ultimately leads its subject to create an identity based upon false constructions.
Using Principle of Complementarity when Diagnosing Complex Logistic Activities by Applying Alternative Approach
Authors: Kopytov Rostislav , Faingloz Lev , Cernavskis Konstantins
Published: February 2013

The paper considers the problem of obtaining new data in process of diagnostics of a recognized transportation company. Such knowledge should not contradict to existing theories and objective means, but should be aimed instead at improving the diagnoses issued. By investigating the methodological problem by virtue of the principle of complementarity, the goals of making fundamental changes are achieved without disturbing the efficiency of the enterprise activities.
Genital warts: New approaches to the treatment / Genitalne bradavice - novi pristupi u lečenju
Authors: Golušin Zoran
Published: February 2013

Genital warts are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections caused by the human papilloma virus. Persons with genital warts may be infected by several types of human papilloma viruses: various types may have antagonistic or synergistic interactions, causing regression or recurrence of the existing lesions. No specific antiviral therapy is currently available. The treatment includes removal of symptomatic lesions on the skin and mucous surfaces. Apart from classical surgical procedures, local destruction of lesions is performed using various chemical and physical agents, whereas systemic therapy includes administration of agents promoting the immune system. The efficacy of treatment is not identical in all cases, and relapses are still inevitable. Combination therapy is often an alternative to monotherapy, while vaccine has an important role in prevention of genital warts.
History of Dermatology and venereology in Serbia - part III/2: Dermatovenereology in Serbia from 1881 - 1918 / Istorija dermatologije i venerologije u Srbiji – III/2: Dermatovenerologija u Srbiji u periodu od 1881. do 1918. godine
Authors: Lalević-Vasić Bosiljka M.
Published: February 2013

Owing to the enforced sanitary laws, the health care service in Serbia evolved systematically till the beginning of the Balkan Wars (1912). At the early phase of this period, in general hospitals dermatovenereology diseases accounted for 10.5% (Užice) to 45% (Zaječar), while venereal diseases prevailed (83.3% and 16.7%, respectively). In the period from 1880 to 1897, there were 12.354 Serbian soldiers with venereal diseases: 56.9% had Gonorrhoea, 28.9% had Ulcusmolle, and 14.2% had Syphilis. The first official and professional statistics on Syphilis was done in 1898, and according to the report, 0.26% of the population of Serbia was affected by Syphilis: 1.42% in the Timok Region and 0.27% in Belgrade. Nevertheless, these data must be taken with caution, being very low. In regions with endemic Syphilis, tardive and tertiary Syphilis prevailed, whereas out of these regions, secondary forms of the disease were most common. In the period from 1882 to 1910, according to the reports of the Sanitary Department of the Ministry of Defense, skin diseases were reported in 3.1% to 15.2% of all hospitalized soldiers. Leprosy was diagnosed in 15 cases in Serbia; notification of all cases became compulsory in 1890. From 1912 to 1918, Serbia was at war, and the most common skin disease was a dermatozoonosis - pediculosios (lice infestation), which caused a tragic epidemic of exanthematous typhus in the army, but also among civilians. It was estimated that there were 500.000 sick persons, out of which over 150.000 died, including 56% of physicians and other medical staff working in hospitals. Disinfestation was the main treatment modality, using steam in so called “Serbian barrel”. At the Thessaloniki front line, in the Dermatovenereology Department, there were 41 dermatoses or groups of dermatoses, affecting the hospitalized soldiers, but scabies was scarce, owing to good hygiene. After the end of the First World War, the Serbian army and population were decimated, and the country ruined. Reconstruction of the country began once again.
Vitiligo in Children and Adolescents: a Lliterature Review / Vitiligo kod dece i omladine - pregled literature
Authors: Prćić Sonja , Đuran Verica , Katanić Dragan
Published: February 2013

Vitiligo is an acquired, often hereditary skin depigmentation disorder, characterized by discrete, well-circumscribed, chalk-white macules or patches. It affects all age groups, but in more than half of the patients it occurs before the age of twenty, when self-image is being formed and social acceptance is of great importance. Although similar to the disease in adults, vitiligo in children and adolescents does have differences in epidemiology, association with other endocrine and/or autoimmune disorders, and treatment. This is a review of vitiligo in the pediatric population, emphasizing key differences with vitiligo in adults. According to the literature reports, we suggest that children and adolescents with vitiligo, especially non-segmental type, should perform annual screening for thyroid dysfunction, particularly for parameters of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Extensive lichenoid type of Cutaneous sarcoidosis - A case report / Ekstenzivna lihenoidna saroidoza kože
Authors: Kandolf Sekulović Lidija , Dinić Miroslav , Radević Tatjana , Zečević Radoš , Zolotarevski Lidija , Karličić Vukojica
Published: February 2013

Cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis are present in up to 25% of patients. The manifestatons can be very variable, making this disease one of the „great imitators“ in dermatology. One of its clinical variants is lichenoid sarcoidosis, which is more commonly described in children. We report an adult patient with extensive lichenoid sarcoidosis with a personal history of treated pulmonary tuberculosis, without any evidence of actual pulmonary involvement with sarcoidosis. The main differential diagnosis of lichenoid sarcoidosis of lichen scrofulosorum, so thorough examinations, to exclude active tuberculosis, are essential in theses cases. The patient was succesfully treated with antimalarial drugs, and lowdose systemic corticosteroids.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia - a case report / Hipohidrotska ektodermalna displazija – prikaz slučaja
Authors: Popadić Svetlana , Vujanac Andreja , Arsov Biljana , Ivanovski Petar , Nikolić Miloš
Published: February 2013

Ectodermal dysplasias are a large group of disorders characterized by developmental dystrophies of one or more ectodermal structures. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a rare genodermatosis associated with abnormal development of sweat glands, teeth, and hair. Its incidence is 1:100.000 newborns. The full expression of X-recessive forms are only seen in males, while female heterozygotes are moderately or very slightly affected. The disease is characterized by sparse hair, oligodontia, and reduced or absent sweeting, light hair, distinctive facial features, palmoplantar keratoderma.

We report an 11-year-old boy with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Despite extensive skin, teeth and hair manifestations, his physical and psychomotor growth and development were normal.
En Litterær Biografi og Narrative Identitetsbilleder
Authors: Krysztofiak Maria
Published: February 2013

The article focuses on the narrative construction of identity in the biographical novel about the life of Madame Tussaud written by the Danish author Dorrit Willumsen. A specific biographical narration technique of Willumsen is the starting point for discussing two interweaving layers of biographical discourse: the historical literary biography and the internal biography (lifeline as a story). Willumsen`s open dialogue of images and words shapes the narration to cross the frame of the principal character`s historical time and places Willumsen`s novel in the European context of narrative literature on artistic images of identity.
Finnland und Finnische Literatur in Polen
Authors: Mrozewicz Bolesław
Published: February 2013

The article describes the presence of Finland in the consciousness of Poles (since 14th-16th century) as well as the presence of the Finnish literature on the Polish publishing market since 1860s until today. Finnish literature became broadly known in Europe only in 1835, when the first edition of the national epic Kalevala appeared and directed European intelligentsia’s attention to Finnish nation and its struggle for their own national identity. Selection of Finnish literary works (including those written in Swedish) which were translated in that times into Polish proves that the Polish publishers and translators were consciously looking for similarities between the situation of Poland and Finland which both were under the reign of tsarist Russia. The rich Finnish literature of the next decades fully shows the difficult process of becoming a Finn and finding one’s own identity under new political and social conditions.
Explosion and/or fire risk assessment methodology: a common approach, structured for underground coalmine environments / Metoda szacowania ryzyka wybuchu i pożarów: podejście ogólne, dostosowane do środowiska kopalni podziemnej
Authors: Cioca Ionel-Lucian , Moraru Roland Iosif
Published: February 2013

In order to meet statutory requirements concerning the workers health and safety, it is necessary for mine managers within Valea Jiului coal basin in Romania to address the potential for underground fires and explosions and their impact on the workforce and the mine ventilation systems. Highlighting the need for a unified and systematic approach of the specific risks, the authors are developing a general framework for fire/explosion risk assessment in gassy mines, based on the quantification of the likelihood of occurrence and gravity of the consequences of such undesired events and employing Root-Cause analysis method. It is emphasized that even a small fire should be regarded as being a major hazard from the point of view of explosion initiation, should a combustible atmosphere arise. The developed methodology, for the assessment of underground fire and explosion risks, is based on the known underground explosion hazards, fire engineering principles and fire test criteria for potentially combustible materials employed in mines.
A Universal Model to Predict Roadheaders’ Cutting Performance / Uniwersalny Model Do Prognozowania Postępu Prac Kombajnów Do Drążenia Tuneli
Authors: Ebrahimabadi Arash , Goshtasbi Kamran , Shahriar Kourosh , Seifabad Masoud Cheraghi
Published: February 2013

The paper intends to generate a universal model to predict the performance of roadheaders for all kinds of rock formations. In this regard, we first take into account the outcomes of previous attempts to explore the performance of roadheaders in Tabas Coal Mine project (the largest and fully mechanized coal mine in Iran). During those investigations, rock mass brittleness index (RMBI) was defined in order to relate the intact and rock mass characteristics to machine performance. The statistical analysis of data acquired from Tabas field demonstrated that RMBI was highly correlated to instantaneous cutting rate (ICR) of roadheaders (R² = 0.92). With the aim to construct a universal model for predicting the roadheader performance, we have now tried to establish a database consisting measured cutting rate of roadheaders as well as the data gathered from field studies of Tabas Coal Mine project and Besiktas, Kurucesme, Baltalimani, Eyup and Halic tunnels in Turkey. A broad modeling and analysis found a fair relationship, resulting in a new universal predictive model to predict the cutting rate of roadheaders with correlation of 0.73 (R² = 0.73). The application of local and universal models at Tabas Coal Mine showed a remarkable difference between measured and predicted ICR. The mean relative error of 0.359% was found with universal model but it represented lower value (mean relative error of 0.100%) while using local model. It can thus be concluded that instead of generating a universal model, separate localized models for different ground and machine conditions should be developed to improve the accuracy and reliability of the performance prediction models.
Financial Structure of Mining Sector Companies During an Economic Slowdown /Struktura Finansowania Przedsiębiorstw W Sektorze Górniczym I Wydobywczym W Okresie Spowolnienia Gospodarczego
Authors: Sierpińska Maria , Bąk Patrycja
Published: February 2013

The global economic crisis that started in 2007 in the area of finance, expanded over the subsequent years to the business sphere, and resulted in a drop of demand and production almost in any field of business activity. Access to foreign sources of finance, especially to loans, has become more difficult and expensive. In such circumstances, enterprises have had to resort more often to their own capital generated by the issue of shares, and to retained profit. Banks have limited their loans for business entities, reduced credit periods, and raised credit margins as well as their levels of collaterals. The McKinsey research into the changes that occur in the structures of sources of finance confirms that the share of equity capital in the structure of financing of non-financial enterprises has visibly grown, and their crediting scopes have been limited all over the European Union as well as in the euro zone. The global tendencies as regards directions of changes in the structure of the sources of corporate financing have also been reflected in Poland.

The economic slowdown has resulted in changes in the structures of corporate financing. Mining companies have risen the shares of their equity capital in their general sources of financing. This tendency corresponds to the changes of structure of corporate financing in Poland and Europe. Enterprises have resorted to bank loans to a lesser degree than in times of better market situation. In mining, public companies have increased their crediting, while in private sector the tendency has been reverse. Enterprises tend to use more flexible debiting forms as compared to credits by way of issue of long-term corporate bonds. Mining companies have developed issue programs that are to be implemented over three-year periods. Before, only Katowicki Holding Węglowy [Katowice Mining Holding] had issued bonds.

The present publication is an attempt at assessing the changes in the structure of corporate financing within the mining sector in the circumstances of economic slowdown. The changes have been assessed against the background of changes in the structure of financing of other business entities. Three problems have been identified and subjected to research. The first concerns the increasing share of equity capital in the structure of corporate financing in mining enterprises. The second issue concerns the scope of corporate crediting. And the third issue relates to the time structure of corporate debt. The said issues have been analysed in the conditions of economic slowdown
Christian Theological Interpretations of God's Grace in the Binding of Isaac
Authors: Walsh Carey Ellen
Published: February 2013

Christian Theological Interpretations of God's Grace in the Binding of Isaac

Typological exegesis, practiced by the early church fathers, enables us to catch
spiritual meanings in the promise to Abraham, namely, that through him “all the nations of the
earth be blessed” (Genesis 22:18). Christian interpreters caught a divine truth when they discerned
an ecclesial meaning. God had just revealed to Abraham that he was not alone, that a
church was in the future. His typological interpretation accounts for the seeming repetition of
the promise in Scripture: it contains new revelation. The promise to Abraham has always involved
a multitude of descendants through Isaac. But after his near sacrifice as a Christ figure,
the multitude is the church which emerged after Christ’s death and resurrection.
Psalms 16, 22, and 110. Historically Interpreted as Referring to Jesus
Authors: McKinley John E.
Published: February 2013

Psalms 16, 22, and 110. Historically Interpreted as Referring to Jesus

Three Christological Psalms, 16, 22, and 110 are troublesome to modern interpreters
as they are used by New Testament writers. Scholars in earlier centuries had little difficulty
following the ways these psalms seemed to be counted in the New Testament as predictions
of Jesus. This interpretation was continued in the Reformation but is strongly questioned
by conservative and critical scholars today. The argument reviews the contextual commentary
for important quotations of these psalms in the New Testament, and examines the special content
of the psalms to conclude that the earlier interpreters are more trustworthy guides. The
unusual New Testament usage and strange content of the psalms warrants the application of
exceptional hermeneutical principles to read them properly in the biblical canon. The implications
for a Christological reading of these psalms are explored for theological and practical value.
Methodology for Parking Modeling and Pricing in Traffic Impact Studies
Authors: Bagloee Saeed Asadi , Asadi Mohsen , Richardson Lorna
Published: February 2013

The need to park a car is a key consideration in any trip. The need can affect or determine travel mode, departure time, and even the entire trip chain, as well as impose pressure on the network; drivers can create traffic jams as they seek places to park. Given the complexity of motorist parking behavior, no reliable methodology has been developed to model parking activities realistically. To date, the studies have focused on the effects of parking on travel demand (especially on mode choice). The study reported here developed a convenient and easy-to-use methodology, which integrated parking choice with the traffic assignment. The methodology responds in particular to the needs of practitioners who carry out traffic impact study projects in which a detailed analysis is sought of a confined area (study area). The proposed methodology splits a study area's zonal trips into two main parts: (a) walking trips to and from parking lots and (b) vehicular trips between origin parking lots and destination parking lots. A logit model was adapted to model parking choice, which could accommodate factors that influenced motorist behavior (e.g., a lot's price, security, protection from the elements). The methodology was tested through its application to a part of the central business district of the city of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. A pragmatic approach to the problem of how to price parking to alleviate its shortage and to use its supply efficiently was proposed.
Cumulative Impacts of Carsharing and Unbundled Parking on Vehicle Ownership and Mode Choice
Authors: ter Schure Jessica , Napolitan Francesca , Hutchinson Rick
Published: February 2013

The provision of sufficient parking for new development in urban areas often is a subject of debate for developers, city agencies, businesses, and the general public, given the differing priorities of each group. The challenge is to create walkable, transit-supportive neighborhoods with minimized parking and traffic impacts that also ensure the marketability of new development. To address that goal, several cities have enacted policies and programs in recent years to encourage carsharing and unbundled parking. Although the independent effects of carsharing and unbundled parking have been studied, research is lacking on the joint effects on parking demand and vehicle use. This paper discusses the findings of a study conducted in 2010 that surveyed residents of 13 buildings in downtown San Francisco, California, to determine any differences between those residents of buildings that provided both carsharing and unbundled parking and those who lived in buildings that offered neither. The differences were examined in terms of vehicle ownership, commute patterns, and carshare vehicle use. San Francisco was selected because of its relatively large number of residential developments that provided on-site carshare vehicles and unbundled parking. These facilities were provided, in part, in response to recent, local ordinances that required new residential and commercial developments to unbundle parking and to host carshare vehicles. The findings of this study suggested that the presence of both carsharing and unbundled parking in residential developments had a significant impact on vehicle ownership and that carshare members had significantly lower levels of vehicle ownership and drive-alone rates than nonmembers did.
Carsharing
Authors: Bieszczat Alice , Schwieterman Joseph
Published: February 2013

With the increase in carsharing (sharing of motor vehicles through memberships in non- and for-profit enterprises) has come extensive analysis of the environmental, economic, and social benefits that result from vehicle-sharing programs. Although the research suggests that the public benefits are significant, public policy has not always supported the sector's growth, particularly in taxation. In this study a cross-section analysis of taxation rates in 82 U.S. cities was performed to foster understanding of the implications of taxation on the sector's expansion. Findings showed that taxes on carsharing services generally exceeded local taxes on sales, as well as taxes on other forms of passenger transportation. Nationally, the average tax was 17.93% for 1-h reservations and 14.08% for 24-h reservations. By comparison, sales taxes in cities with carsharing services averaged just 8.06%. In seven of the 25 largest cities in the study's sample, taxes on 1-h reservations exceeded 30%. Such taxation resulted in an estimated 11.7% reduction in carsharing use and a proportional drop in net social benefits. Such social losses can be avoided with policies that provide targeted tax waivers for neighborhood carsharing organizations that compile information (assembled and certified by a third party), which shows that the organizations provide services that meet clearly articulated criteria, and that the organizations generate significant benefits to the community at large. Several major cities, including Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago, Illinois; and Portland, Oregon, have created definitions for such organizations, which are used to exempt them from certain taxes.
Intraoperative magnetic resonance spectroscopy for identification of residual tumor during low-grade glioma surgery
Authors: Pamir M. Necmettin , Özduman Koray , Yıldız Erdem , Sav Aydın , Dinçer Alp
Published: February 2013

Object

The authors had previously shown that 3-T intraoperative MRI (ioMRI) detects residual tumor tissue during low-grade glioma and that it helps to increase the extent of resection. In a proportion of their cases, however, the ioMRI disclosed T2-hyperintense areas at the tumor resection border after the initial resection attempt and prompted a differential diagnosis between residual tumor and nontumoral changes. To guide this differential diagnosis the authors used intraoperative long-TE single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy (ioMRS) and tested the correlation of these findings with findings from pathological examination of resected tissue.

Methods

Patients who were undergoing surgery for hemispheric or insular WHO Grade II gliomas and were found to have T2 changes around the resection cavity at the initial ioMRI were prospectively examined with ioMRS and biopsies were taken from corresponding localizations. In 14 consecutive patients, the ioMRS diagnosis in 20 voxels of interest was tested against the histopathological diagnosis. Intraoperative diffusion-weighted imaging (ioDWI) was also performed, as a part of the routine imaging, to rule out surgically induced changes, which could also appear as T2 hyperintensity.

Results

Presence of tumor was documented in 14 (70%) of the 20 T2-hyperintense areas by histopathological examination. The sensitivity of ioMRS for identifying residual tumor was 85.7%, the specificity was 100%, the positive predictive value was 100%, and the negative predictive value was 75%. The specificity of ioDWI for surgically induced changes was high (100%), but the sensitivity was only 60%.

Conclusions

This is the first clinical series to indicate that ioMRS can be used to differentiate residual tumor from nontumoral changes around the resection cavity, with high sensitivity and specificity.
Optic nerve seeding of atypical meningiomas presenting with subacute visual loss: 2 case reports with genetic characterization
Authors: Kitamura Yohei , Akiyama Takenori , Sasaki Hikaru , Hayashi Yuichiro , Yoshida Kazunari
Published: February 2013

Meningiomas rarely cause CSF dissemination, and CSF seeding to the optic nerve (ON) is extremely rare. This is the first report of 2 cases of atypical meningioma with subacute visual loss due to ON seeding. The authors present the genetic characteristics of these atypical meningiomas with CSF dissemination. The patient in Case 1 was a 36-year-old woman with a 1.5-cm mass within the left ON, and the patient in Case 2 was a 70-year-old woman with a 0.9-cm mass around the right ON. Both individuals had undergone multiple surgeries for primary lesions and local recurrent lesions. They presented with subacute visual loss, and both tumors were completely resected. The pathological diagnosis was atypical meningioma with high MIB-1 indices and p53-positive cell ratios in each case. Comparative genomic hybridization showed significant chromosomal copy number alterations similar to the results of previous surgeries, confirming that the tumors were disseminated lesions. The present findings suggest that genetic characteristics, such as 1p and 10qcen-23 losses and 17q and 20 gains, shared by the 2 cases might be associated with CSF dissemination of meningiomas.
Intraoperative flow cytometry analysis of glioma tissue for rapid determination of tumor presence and its histopathological grade
Authors: Shioyama Takahiro , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Maruyama Takashi , Komori Takashi , Iseki Hiroshi
Published: February 2013

Object

Intraoperative histopathological investigation plays an important role during surgery for gliomas. To facilitate the rapid characterization of resected tissue, an original technique of intraoperative flow cytometry (iFC) was established. The objective in this study was evaluation of this technique's efficacy for rapidly determining tumor presence in the surgical biopsy sample and WHO histopathological grade of the neoplasm.

Methods

In total, 328 separate biopsy specimens obtained during the resection of 81 intracranial gliomas were analyzed with iFC. The evaluated malignancy index (MI) was defined as the ratio of the number of cells with greater than normal DNA content to the total number of cells. The duration of iFC in all cases was approximately 10 minutes. Each sample was additionally investigated histopathologically on frozen and permanent formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The latter process was used as a “gold standard” control for evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of iFC analysis.

Results

The MI differed significantly between neoplastic and perilesional brain tissue (25.3% ± 22.0% vs 4.6% ± 2.6%, p < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a corresponding area under the curve value of 0.941. The optimal cutoff level of the MI for identification of tumor in the biopsy specimen was 6.8%, which provided 0.88 sensitivity, 0.88 specificity, 0.97 positive predictive value, 0.60 negative predictive value, and 0.88 diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, the MI showed a significant association with WHO histopathological grades of glioma (p < 0.01), but its values in Grade II, III, and IV tumors overlapped prominently and were on average 13.3% ± 11.0%, 35.0% ± 21.8%, and 46.6% ± 23.1%, respectively.

Conclusions

Results of this study demonstrate that iFC with the determination of the MI may be feasible for rapidly determining glioma presence in a surgical biopsy sample.
Serum Levels of Zinc and Magnesium in Newly Diagnosed Type-2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Ferdousi S , Mollah FH , Mia MAR
Published: February 2013

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which affects carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. There is a strong relation between some specific oligoelements and diabetes mellitus. The study was undertaken to determine serum levels of zinc and magnesium in 60 newly diagnosed uncomplicated type 2 diabetic (group I) and 60 healthy non-diabetic subjects (group II). Serum zinc and magnesium were estimated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The serum zinc and magnesium levels were (72.70±8.43 ?g/dl) and (1.85±0.17 mg/dl) respectively in group-1 and (75.92±8.20 ?g/dl) and (2.00±0.17 mg/dl) respectively in group-11. The levels were significantly decreased in group-1. Study showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus can result in changes in zinc and magnesium levels and supplementation of both zinc and magnesium may be considered in those cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v3i2.13811 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2010; 3(2): 46-49
Serum Creatinine and Uric Acid Levels of Hypothyroid Patients
Authors: Khan A Haque , Majumder I
Published: February 2013

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from a deficiency of thyroid hormones which, in turn, results in a generalized slowing down of metabolic processes. It is associated with many biochemical abnormalities including increased serum creatinine and uric acid levels. We reviewed more than 30 articles and a good number of textbooks to evaluate serum creatinine and uric acid levels in hypothyroid patients. We found both these parameters are significantly higher in hypothyroid patients. Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) also affect thyroid function in many ways leading to decreased T3 and T4. So, it is important for clinicians to differentiate between chronic kidney diseases and hypothyroidism with respect to their causal and consequential entities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v3i2.13814 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2010; 3(2): 61-63
The Impact of Potential Land Cover Misclassification on MODIS Leaf Area Index (LAI) Estimation: A Statistical Perspective
Authors: Fang Hongliang , Li Wenjuan , Myneni Ranga
Published: February 2013

Understanding the impact of vegetation mixture and misclassification on leaf area index (LAI) estimation is crucial for algorithm development and the application community. Using the MODIS standard land cover and LAI products, global LAI climatologies and statistics were obtained for both pure and mixed pixels to evaluate the effects of biome mixture on LAI estimation. Misclassification between crops and shrubs does not generally translate into large LAI errors (<0.37 or 27.0%), partly due to their relatively lower LAI values. Biome misclassification generally leads to an LAI overestimation for savanna, but an underestimation for forests. The largest errors caused by misclassification are also found for savanna (0.51), followed by evergreen needleleaf forests (0.44) and broadleaf forests (~0.31). Comparison with MODIS uncertainty indicators show that biome misclassification is a major factor contributing to LAI uncertainties for savanna, while for forests, the main uncertainties may be introduced by algorithm deficits, especially in summer. The LAI climatologies for pure pixels are recommended for land surface modeling studies. Future studies should focus on improving the biome classification for savanna systems and refinement of the retrieval algorithms for forest biomes.
Intrathecal Humoral Immunity to Encephalitic RNA Viruses
Authors: Phares Timothy , Stohlman Stephen , Bergmann Cornelia
Published: February 2013

The nervous system is the target for acute encephalitic viral infections, as well as a reservoir for persisting viruses. Intrathecal antibody (Ab) synthesis is well documented in humans afflicted by infections associated with neurological complications, as well as the demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis. This review focuses on the origin, recruitment, maintenance, and biological relevance of Ab-secreting cells (ASC) found in the central nervous system (CNS) following experimental neurotropic RNA virus infections. We will summarize evidence for a highly dynamic, evolving humoral response characterized by temporal alterations in B cell subsets, proliferation, and differentiation. Overall local Ab plays a beneficial role via complement-independent control of virus replication, although cross or self-reactive Ab to CNS antigens may contribute to immune-mediated pathogenesis during some infections. Importantly, protective Ab exert anti-viral activity not only by direct neutralization, but also by binding to cell surface-expressed viral glycoproteins. Ab engagement of viral glycoproteins blocks budding and mediates intracellular signaling leading to restored homeostatic and innate functions. The sustained Ab production by local ASC, as well as chemokines and cytokines associated with ASC recruitment and retention, are highlighted as critical components of immune control.
Faire société avec les morts
Authors: Le Grand-Sébille Catherine , Zonabend Françoise
Published: February 2013

Résumé Cet article explore l’extrême diversité des formes du mourir et des exigences sociales qui participent d’un « faire société » avec les mourants, les défunts et les endeuillés. Des rituels de l’agonie aux manières de soigner, héberger, et nourrir les morts qu’ils soient « bons » ou « mauvais », se dessinent les conditions humaines d’une mort vivable.
Penser par les effets. Des morts équivoques
Authors: Despret Vinciane
Published: February 2013

Résumé De nombreux travaux tendent à le montrer, nombreuses sont aujourd’hui les personnes qui conversent avec leurs morts. Ces travaux annoncent une rupture avec les théories usuelles du deuil selon lesquelles les relations avec les défunts persévéreraient à un niveau purement intrapsychique. Ce phénomène n’est pas étranger au parti-pris méthodologique adopté par ces enquêtes qui se refusent à déterminer, à priori, le statut de réalité des êtres impliqués. Une analyse de la manière dont les personnes parlent de la vitalité de leurs défunts montre, en outre, qu’elles-mêmes construisent leur discours de telle sorte à autoriser cette suspension de jugement, notamment en utilisant quantité de stratégies ou de ressorts narratifs pour maintenir l’équivoque.
Lorsque des morts s'invitent à domicile
Authors: Gramusset Cédric , Bergeron Annette
Published: February 2013

Résumé Au travers du témoignage d’un riverain, témoin d’un accident de car ayant causé la mort de 26 personnes, nous abordons les origines et les conséquences du syndrome psycho-traumatique. Son récit nous amène également à le suivre dans son travail de symbolisation et de mise en sens, devenu possible par les liens tissés avec les proches des victimes.
Le « deuxième Katyn » : fêlures de l'Histoire, paradoxes de la mémoire
Authors: Dounaevsky Hélène , Albertini Françoise
Published: February 2013

Résumé Le sujet de cet article est constitué par la cérémonie conséquente au crash de l’avion présidentiel polonais en Russie, en avril 2010. Celle-ci est envisagée, dans le cadre théorique élaboré par Dayan et Katz, en tant que Media Event . Notre étude est fondée sur l’observation des intenses interactions entre les deux acteurs, polonais et russe, qui ont lieu dans l’espace médiatique transnational dans la période de deuil. Le point culminant de ces événements est la diffusion en direct de la cérémonie d’enterrement du couple présidentiel, qui s’adresse, en termes hautement consensuels, au public en Pologne comme en Russie. Media Event pour les Polonais, le « deuxième Katyn » promet également de devenir un remarquable Memory Event pour les Russes, ce dernier étant définie par A. Etkind comme « une redécouverte du passé qui crée une rupture avec sa signification culturelle admise ».
La vie tangible des bébés morts
Authors: Molinié Magali , Hureaux Sandrine
Published: February 2013

Résumé Une pratique est apparue dans les maternités françaises dans les années 1980. Elle consiste, à l’issue de l’accouchement d’un enfant mort, à présenter celui-ci à la mère, dans un cadre négocié et humanisé. Elle est généralement analysée dans la littérature spécialisée comme un rituel de deuil, inaugurant la séparation et les processus d’élaboration de la perte du bébé. L’analyse approfondie d’entretiens de recherche menés avec quatre mères endeuillées montre qu’elles s’approprient d’abord ce moment comme un moment d’accueil et d’affiliation de leur bébé à leur famille. Ce n’est que plus tard, lorsqu’elles le revoient après son passage en chambre funéraire qu’elles entrent dans les processus de séparation et de deuil. L’étude précise la temporalité des processus d’accueil puis de deuil dans les contextes de perte périnatale et les mécanismes mis en place par les mères au service de l’élaboration de leur deuil et de ses aspects traumatiques.