bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic vulnerability curves development for residential buildings using a new qualitative-quantitative damage index based on field observations of Sarpol-e Zahab (Iran) earthquake (MW 7.3)
Authors: Khanmohammadi Mohammad , Eshraghi Majid , Sayadi Sina , Mashhadinezhad Milad Ghafarian , Zafarani Hamid
Published: February 2022

Following a severe disaster, a quick and reliable evaluation of the structural damage state is one of the crucial steps to making decisions and disaster management. Based on a realistic estimate of types and levels of damages, decisions related to the structural performances, repair possibility, or in severe cases, a replacement could be made. In available technical literature, reporting the classification of damaged buildings is limited and based on numerical studies, laboratory tests, and inspector’s judgment. Presented results in current research are from a comprehensive and meticulous investigation of more than 81 damaged steel and RC buildings after the Sarpol-e Zahab (Iran) earthquake. Considering this valuable collected information, a novel qualitative-quantitative approach is introduced to classify damaged steel and RC buildings into 5 damage states, both for structural and non-structural components. For this purpose, weights are attributed to each type of damage, according to the severity of the damage observed in each component and its influence on the damage to the entire building. Then, the damage index of each structure is obtained using the proposed relation, and results are compared with field observation for verification. Finally, empirical vulnerability curves of investigated buildings are developed based on the proposed damage index and spectral acceleration at fundamental periods of structures as an intensity measure.
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein B ratio is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events among incident peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Zhan Xiaojiang , Zeng Chuanfei , Zhan Qing , Dong Xiqi , Chen Yanbing
Published: February 2022

Background: The ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/apolipoprotein B (apo B) is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the LDL-C/apo B ratio (LAR) and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods: A total of 1199 incident PD patients were enrolled from November 1, 2005 to August 31, 2019. The LAR was used to divide the patients into two groups by X-Tile software and restricted cubic splines using 1.04 as the cutoff. The incidence of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events at follow-up was compared according to LAR. Results: Of the 1199 patients, 58.0% were men, the mean age was 49.3 ± 14.5 years, 225 patients had a history of diabetes, and 117 patients had prior cardiovascular disease. During the follow-up period, 326 patients died, and 178 patients experienced cardiovascular events. After full adjustment, a low LAR was significantly associated with HRs for all-cause mortality of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.87, P = 0.040) and for cardiovascular events of 1.62 (95% CI: 1.11 to 2.38, P = 0.008).Conclusions: This study suggests that a low LAR is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in PD patients, indicating that the LAR may provide significant information when assessing all-cause mortality and cardiovascular risks.
Expression of a Copper Activated Xylanase in Yeast: Differential Properties of C-Tagged or Untagged Recombinant Xylanases
Authors: ELGHARBI Fatma , HLIMA Hajer BEN , HMIDA-SAYARI Aïda
Published: February 2022

Background: Endo-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), which hydrolyze the backbone structure of β-1,4-xylans, can be used together with laccase (activated by copper) to hydrolyse lignocellulosic and hemicellulosic materials in bioethanol production. A previous study described the cloning of the xylanase gene from Aspergillus niger US368 and obtaining the recombinant His-tagged protein using E. coli expression system. This recombinant xylanase was activated by copper which is a strong inhibitor for xylanases activities. The activation of the enzyme toward copper is due to the 36 extra amino acids provided by the vector pET28a. However, the expression of this xylanase was relatively low and intracellular that limits its potential industrial application. Hence, we aimed to over-express this interesting enzyme using the Pichia pastoris system for use in biofuel production.Results: A copper activated xylanase produced by E. coli BL21 was expressed in Pichia pastoris using the pGAPZαB expression vector. Two recombinant xylanase forms were obtained (Non-C-terminal tagged-His-tagged r-XAn11 and C-terminal tagged-His-tagged r-XAn11). The findings revealed that the two recombinant xylanases displayed different behaviors toward the copper. In the presence of 3 mM Cu2+, the relative activity of the Non-C-terminal tagged-His-tagged r-XAn11 was enhanced by about 52%. However, the xylanase activity of the C-terminal tagged one was strongly inhibited by copper. The Non-C-terminal tagged recombinant enzyme was more thermostable, in the presence of 3 mM Cu2+, than the C-terminal tagged one with a half-life of 10 min at 60 °C. 3D models of the two recombinant forms were constructed. The results showed that the created copper site in the Non-C terminal tagged protein was loosed in the C terminal tagged protein due to the high fluctuation and probably new interactions among the C and N-terminal amino acids.Conclusion: The present work reports the expression and purification of two recombinant xylanases forms (non C-terminal tagged and C-terminal tagged His-tagged r-XAn11).
Atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in a twisted-bilayer optical lattice
Authors: Meng Zengming , Wang Liangwei , Han Wei , Liu Fangde , Wen Kai , Gao Chao , Wang Pengjun , Chin Cheng , zhang Jing
Published: February 2022

Observation of strong correlations and superconductivity in twisted-bilayer-graphene have stimulated tremendous interest in fundamental and applied physics. In this system, the superposition of two twisted honeycomb lattices, generating a Moire pattern, is the key to the observed flat electronic bands, slow electron velocity and large density of states. Despite these observations, a full understanding of the emerging superconductivity from the coupled layers and the appearance of a small magic angle remain a hot topic of research. Here, we demonstrate a quantum simulation platform to study superfluids in twisted bilayer lattices based on Bose-Einstein condensates loaded into spin-dependent optical lattices. The lattices are made of two sets of laser beams that independently address atoms in different spin states, which form the synthetic dimension accommodating the two layers. The twisted angle of the two lattices is controlled by the relative angle of the laser beams. We show that atoms in each spin state only feel one set of the lattice and the interlayer coupling can be controlled by microwave coupling between the spin states. Our system allows for flexible control of both the inter- and intralayer couplings. Furthermore we directly observe the spatial Moire pattern and the momentum diffraction, which confirm the presence of atomic superfluid in the bilayer lattices. Our system constitutes a powerful platform to investigate the physics underlying the superconductivity in twisted-bilayer-graphene and to explore other novel quantum phenomena difficult to realize in materials.
Interaction of Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticide Deltamethrin with Human Alpha-2-Macroglobulin: Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Dixit Swati , Ahsan Haseeb , Khan Fahim Halim
Published: February 2022

Background:

Deltamethrin (DLM) is a commercial insecticide of the synthetic pyrethroid family that is used to control disease-causing insects and vectors. When humans are exposed to the fumes or aerosols of DLM, it enters the body via cuticular absorption and reacts with proteins and other biomolecules.

Objective:

Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M) is a serum proteinase inhibitor that also carries out receptor- mediated endocytosis of extracellular substances. This study was done to decipher the structural and functional alterations of α2M by DLM.

Method:

Various spectroscopic techniques, including UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, binding studies, and molecular docking, were used to characterize the interaction of DLM with α2M. The affinity constant was calculated from the Stern-Volmer equation using fluorescence data.

Results:

The UV-Vis and fluorescence spectral studies indicated the formation of a complex between α2M and DLM. Thermodynamically, the interaction was found to be spontaneous with ΔG = -4.23 kcal/mol. CD spectra suggested a change in the secondary structure of the protein from β to α helical content with increasing concentration of DLM. The molecular docking study by Autodock Vina established the interaction of DLM with Glu-926, Ala-1103, Ala-1108, Val-1116, Asn-1159, Glu-1220, Leu-1261, Thr-1272, Ile-1390, Pro-1391, Lys-1393, Val-1396, Lys-1397, Thr-1408, Glu-1409, Val-1410, Ser-1411, Ser-1412, and Asn-1413 with an improved docking score of -6.191 kcal/mol. The binding was carried out in the vicinity of the receptor-binding domain at the C-terminal of α2M.

Conclusion:

The decrease in the functional activity and structural changes of protein after binding with DLM has a significant effect on human α2M. The information may be useful for exploring the role of DLM in a clinical chemistry laboratory.
Comparative Study to Characterise the Pharmaceutical Potential of
Synthesised Snake Venom Bradykinin-Potentiating Peptides In Vivo
Authors: Munawar Aisha , Zaman Fakhar , Ishaq Muhammad Waqas , Hassan Khwaja Ali , Masood Saima , Ali Zahid , Abdul Majeed Khalid , Akrem Ahmed , Ali Syed Abid , Betzel Christian
Published: February 2022

Background:

Bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) are snake venom peptides
inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE plays an important role
in the regulation of blood pressure. BPPs lead to the development of ACE inhibitors for
the treatment of hypertension.

Objective:

The objective of the present work was to carry out a comprehensive comparative
study of four synthesised snake venom BPPs in vivo.

Method:

Four synthesised snake venom BPPs were administered to rats via the intraperitoneal
route for 15 days at a fixed dose. Lisinopril was used as a comparative standard.
Thirty male albino rats were divided into six groups: A, B, C, D, E (lisinopril), and F
(control). Group F was maintained as the control group and given only saline. After 15
days, blood samples and tissues were removed for the study of selective biochemical parameters
and histomorphometric analysis. Statistical evaluation of all results was also performed.

Results:

The results indicated that peptide I, with the sequence ZSAPGNEAIPP, was
highly toxic and adversely affected all the biochemical and histological parameters
studied in this work. Peptide II (ZNWPHPQIPP) and peptide IV (ZQWAQGRAPHPP)
showed lower toxicity. None of the BPPs raised the serum creatinine level and exhibited
nephroprotective effects. Although lisinopril raised the creatinine level, it showed a protective
role towards the pancreas and lungs in parallel.

Conclusion:

The present work shows that although there is a high sequence similarity between
the four BPPs, their in vivo activity varies. The sequences of peptide II and peptide
IV can be used to improve the design of current ACE inhibitors used for hypertension
treatment.
Alamandine Induces Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke Models
Authors: Gonçalves Sthéfanie C.A. , Bassi Beatriz L.T. , Kangussu Lucas M. , Alves Daniele T. , Ramos Lorena K.S. , Fernandes Lorena F. , Alves Marco T.R. , Sinisterra Ruben , Bruch Gisele E. , Santos Robson A.S. , Massensini André R. , Campagnole-Santos Maria J.
Published: February 2022

Background and Objective:

Stroke, a leading cause of mortality and disability,
characterized by neuronal death, can be induced by a reduction or interruption of blood
flow. In this study, the role of Alamandine, a new peptide of the renin-angiotensin system,
was evaluated in in-vitro and in-vivo brain ischemia models.

Method:

In the in-vitro model, hippocampal slices from male C57/Bl6 mice were placed
in a glucose-free aCSF solution and bubbled with 95% N2 and 5% CO2 to mimic brain ischemia.
An Alamandine concentration-response curve was generated to evaluate cell
damage, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and cell death. In the in-vivo model, cerebral ischemia/
reperfusion was induced by bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries
(BCCAo-untreated) in SD rats. An intracerebroventricular injection of Alamandine was
given 20–30 min before BCCAo. Animals were subjected to neurological tests 24 h and
72 h after BCCAo. Cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and immunofluorescence
were assessed in the brain 72 h after BCCAo.

Results:

Alamandine was able to protect brain slices from cellular damage, excitotoxicity
and cell death. When the Alamandine receptor was blocked, protective effects were lost.
ICV injection of Alamandine attenuated neurological deficits of animals subjected to
BCCAo and reduced the number of apoptotic neurons/cells. Furthermore, Alamandine induced
anti-inflammatory effects in BCCAo animals as shown by reductions in TNFα, IL-
1β, IL-6, and antioxidant effects through attenuation of the decreased SOD, catalase, and
GSH activities in the brain.

Conclusion:

This study showed, for the first time, a neuroprotective role for Alamandine
in different ischemic stroke models.
Application of Enzymes in Dairy Processing Industry: A Review
Authors: Kumar Akash , Jangra Aarzoo , Pramanik Jhilam
Published: February 2022

Enzymes are proteins and bio-catalysts. They are responsible for initiating a specific
response to a specific outcome. In the dairy industry, numerous enzymes are used, such as rennet
and proteolytic enzymes. These enzymes are used for the coagulation and ripening of cheese.
Enzymes are also used to increase the nutritional value of dairy products to alleviate the state of
malnutrition. This review paper converges on the utilization of different enzymes in the dairy
processing industry.
Review: HCN Channels in the Heart
Authors: Tytgat Jan , Depuydt Anne-Sophie , Peigneur Steve
Published: February 2022

Pacemaker cells are the basis of rhythm in the heart. Cardiovascular diseases, and in
particular, arrhythmias are a leading cause of hospital admissions and have been implicated as a
cause of sudden death. The prevalence of people with arrhythmias will increase in the next years
due to an increase in the ageing population and risk factors. The current therapies are limited, have
a lot of side effects, and thus, are not ideal. Pacemaker channels, also called hyperpolarizationactivated
cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, are the molecular correlate of the hyperpolarization-
activated current, called Ih (from hyperpolarization) or If (from funny), that contribute crucially
to the pacemaker activity in cardiac nodal cells and impulse generation and transmission in neurons.
HCN channels have emerged as interesting targets for the development of drugs, in particular,
to lower the heart rate. Nonetheless, their pharmacology is still rather poorly explored in comparison
to many other voltage-gated ion channels or ligand-gated ion channels. Ivabradine is the
first and currently the only clinically approved compound that specifically targets HCN channels.
The therapeutic indication of ivabradine is the symptomatic treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris
in patients with coronary artery disease with a normal sinus rhythm. Several other pharmacological
agents have been shown to exert an effect on heart rate, although this effect is not always
desired. This review is focused on the pacemaking process taking place in the heart and summarizes
the current knowledge on HCN channels.
A Simplified Direct O2 Consumption-Based Assay to Test COX Inhibition
Authors: Scilimati Antonio , Perrone Maria Grazia , Miciaccia Morena , Ferorelli Savina
Published: February 2022

Background:

Cyclooxygenase is a well-known oxidoreductase that catalyzes the uptake of
two moles of O2 by arachidonic acid (AA), producing the hydroperoxide Prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), then
reduced to the prostaglandin precursor Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). O2 consumption during such reactions
is a measure of cyclooxygenase activity. O2 involved is generally measured by indirect methods, accomplished
in the presence of the substrate AA and/or inhibitors.

Methods:

We developed a new simplified and easy to be carried out protocol for O2 consumption measurement
by using disrupted HEK293-derived adherent cells, stably transfected either with COX-1 or
COX-2 genes, as a source of the COX enzymes. The Clark electrode is used to measure the O2 concentration
variation during the enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Results and Discussion:

The novel assay was validated by determining the IC50 values of the known
inhibitors such as indomethacin, ibuprofen, SC560, and celecoxib. Indomethacin and ibuprofen are two
traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs). SC560 is a commercially available reference
compound used for COX-1 inhibition investigations. Celecoxib is a clinically used COXIBs. The
assay was also applied to measure the kinetics and IC50 of mofezolac and P6. Mofezolac is the most potent
selective COX-1 inhibitor, and active principle ingredient of Disopain® used to treat rheumatoid arthritis
in Japan. P6, uncovered by us, is used together with mofezolac as a reference in in vitro and in
vivo COX inhibition investigations and as a scaffold for structure-inhibition activity relationship studies.

Conclusion:

The obtained results showed the suitability of the newly developed assay to measure COXs
activity in the presence of inhibitors as well as the kinetics of the inhibition (i.e., Vmax and Km).
3D Bio-printing For Skin Tissue Regeneration: Hopes and Hurdles
Authors: Aavani Farzaneh , Biazar Esmaeil , Kheilnezhad Bahareh , Amjad Fatemeh
Published: February 2022

For many years, discovering the appropriate methods for the treatment of skin irritation has
been challenging for specialists and researchers. Bio-printing can be extensively applied to address the
demand for proper skin substitutes to improve skin damage. Nowadays, to make more effective biomimicry
of natural skin, many research teams have developed cell-seeded bio-inks for bioprinting of skin
substitutes. These loaded cells can be single or co-cultured in these structures. The present review gives a
comprehensive overview of the methods, substantial parameters of skin bioprinting, examples of in vitro
and in vivo studies, and current advances and challenges in skin tissue engineering.
Artocarpus Altilis (Breadfruit) could Reverse Myocardial Infarction
Through the Normalization of the Oxygen Haemoglobin Dissociation
Curve
Authors: Nwokocha Chukwuemeka , Thomas Jemesha , Anderson Tanya , James-Green Tameika , Nwokocha Magdalene , Palacios Javier , Pepple Dagogo
Published: February 2022

Objective:

The study was performed to assess if hematological mechanisms such as
blood flow modulation, P50 and Oxygen haemoglobin dissociation are involved in Artocarpus
altilis leaf extract amelioration of Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Damage in rats.

Methods:

Twenty (20) adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups.
Group 1 served as the control, group 3 and 5 received 50 and 100 mg/kg Artocarpus altilis water
extract, respectively, after being induced with Isoproterenol twice (85 mg/ kg) at a 24-hour period.
Group 2 received 85 mg/kg isoproterenol only, while group 4 received 50 mg/kg Artocarpus altilis
extract only for 6 days. The Hematological parameters were assessed using an automatic Coulter
Counter, blood flow was assessed with the CODA machine using the tail cuff method, while blood
viscosity was measured at native hematocrit and the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curves were
assessed with the BioProfiler and Hemox Analyzer at the end of seven days.

Results:

Artocarpus altilis treatment ameliorated the ISO induced increases in viscosity, increased
the ISO induced decreased blood flow and influenced oxygen release through its effects on the P50
of the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve, AA treatment also reversed the ISO induced weight
loss. Apart from the changes in MCH, MCV, there were no significant differences in hematological
parameters.

Conclusion:

This study reported the effects of Artocarpus atilis on the improvement of oxygen
availability, the reduction of blood viscosity, and the improvement of blood flow through its influence
on endothelial functions and NO availability. Our study further highlights The usefulness of
A.atilis, as having a beneficial cardiovascular and haematological outcome in experimental myocardial
infarction and as such, potential drug discovery for diseases of cardiovascular & hematological
involvement.
In silico Design, Synthesis and Antitubercular Activity of Some Metal
Complexes Derived from Salicylaldehyde and Amino Acid
Authors: Jambulingam Munusamy , Thangadurai Subramaniam Ananda , Vijayabaskaran Manickam
Published: February 2022

Background:

A new series of copper (II), cobalt (II), zinc (II), manganese (II), and iron (II) metal complexes were synthesized by the condensation of a novel Schiff base with various metal chlorides in ethanol. Schiff base was synthesized by reacting salicylaldehyde with L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine dissolved in ethanol, respectively

Methods:

The structures of all the synthesized metal complexes (4a-e, 7a-e) were investigated using elemental analysis, FT-IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and MS spectral data. The metal complexes were also screened for their anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-tubercular activities against various tested strains.

Results:

Assessment of in silico ADMET properties of all metal complexes showed to be in accordance with Lipinski’s rule of five. Further enzymatic assay was aided by a molecular docking study of Enoyl CoA reductase (INHA) using Autodock Vina and evaluated by Autodock 4.0.

Conclusion:

The metal complexes, 4b,4c, 4d,7b and 7d, containing metals, like Zn, Co, and Fe, exhibited good anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-tubercular activities against the tested strains.
Hemispherical Surface Defect Classification of Valve Core with a Noval Semi-supervised Learning
Authors: Hao Leiheng , Wu Xuncheng , Li Chuanchang , Zhang Weiwei
Published: February 2022

Background:

In the industrial manufacturing process, manually labeling enough datasets is
time-consuming, which hinders the training and deployment of defect detection models. Therefore, automatic
defect detection and its classification is the premise of industrial production quality.

Objectives:

The study mainly discusses about the detection of the Hemispherical Surface of the valve
core by machine vision method.

Methods:

The paper put forward a novel semi-supervised algorithm to detect the Hemispherical Surface
of the Valve Core. Under the condition of the lack of labeled datasets, the paper used labeled and unlabeled
samples for model training. This thesis proposed, for the first time, using the Mean Teacher semisupervised
learning framework and then making changes to the model; firstly, this paper proposed to
use the Stochastic Weight Average (SWA) algorithm to update the weight of the teaching model to enhance
this model’s generalization ability. Furthermore, in order to select reliable datasets and calculate
the consistency loss, this study also proposed an Uncertainty Filter (UF) method. Thirdly, the selection
of hard-ware equipment, since the hemispherical surface is anisotropic, ring light source is used, which
can lit the surface from top to bottom.

Results:

Experimental results show that in two different conditions, the classification accuracy can
raise. On one hand, under the condition of training with a small amount of labeled datasets, the proposed
semi-supervised learning model can achieve a classification accuracy of 90.51%; whereas, under
the condition of the semi-supervised learning mechanism and a large amount of unlabeled datasets, the
accuracy increases from 93.7% to 98.1%.

Conclusion:

This paper uses hemispherical metal surface as the dataset for the first time, and also innovatively
optimizes the semi-supervised model. On the other hand, experimental comparative analysis
indicates that the model proposed in this paper is significantly better than the comparison model, which
lays the basic position for the defect detection of the hemispherical surface’s metal. At the same time,
the novel semi-supervised algorithm can also be used to detect other metal part’s hemispherical surfaces.
Paying 3P salaries for lecturers of public universities in Vietnam
Authors: Tung Phuong Huu
Published: February 2022

Applying the 3P salary formula and evaluating job performance according to KPIs in salary payment is a popular tool in the world and in Vietnam applied by many organizations in paying employees. In order to attract talents and retain them, public higher education institutions in Vietnam need to consult and apply the 3P salary formula and evaluate job performance according to KPIs to pay lecturers. 3P salary is a remuneration model for employees based on a combination of salary payment according to 3 basic factors: job position, personal capacity and work results. KPI is a system of measuring and evaluating work performance expressed through numbers, ratios, and quantitative indicators, in order to reflect the performance of an organization, a functional department or an individual. From there, the organization can apply the 3P salary formula and evaluate job performance according to KPIs to pay salaries and bonuses in accordance with the job position and motivate employees in the organization.
COMMUNITY VOICES ON THE URBAN FARMING MOVEMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A REFLECTIVE STUDIES
Authors: Kusumawati Ayuni , Sinaga Gabe Arif Ditama , Kurniawan Yani , Aminy Nur Aisyah , Ruminar Hafida
Published: February 2022

Urban farming activities in Malang City have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study responds to the threat of a food crisis due to the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Massive implementation of urban farming can provide different perceptions and goals depending on the characteristics of each individual, including differences in occupation, gender, and age. This research aimed to investigate the perspective on the implementation of urban farming during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a critical reflection study to determine what factors affected the implementation of urban farming in supporting food security in Malang City. The study was conducted in Lowokwaru District, Sukun District, and Blimbing District, with 30 participants. The findings indicated that the success of urban farming in Malang City was affected by various factors. For instance, the growing interest in urban farming, urban farming contests, and social activities. It also could support food security in urban areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the existence of farmer group communities and the role of the government and the wider community can contribute to the success of urban farming.
THE EFFECT OF MARKET STRATEGY ON MARKETING PERFORMANCE OF SMALLHOLDER RUBBER FARMERS IN CENTRAL KUANTAN DISTRICT, KUANTAN SINGINGI REGENCY
Authors: Tambunan Elizabet Sona Br , Khaswarina Shorea , Kusumawaty Yeni
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of market strategy on marketing performance in smallholder rubber in Kuantan Tengah District, Kuntang Singingi Regency, Riau. These market strategies include market shaping strategies, customer engagement strategies, and technology leadership strategies. The population in this study found 225 people from 1 Gapoktan and 9 farmer groups in Kuantan Tengah District. The research sample was 15% of the population, namely 34 people who were selected by random sampling method. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression models. The results of the analysis show that the respondent's level of achievement reaches 80,82% for market strategy and 74,22% for marketing performance, both of which are in the good level category. The value of sig.t for X1 is 0.861, the value of sig.t for X2 is 0,342, the value of sig.t for X3 is 0,585 is greater than the significance level (α), then the formation of market strategy, customer involvement, and technology leadership partially have no significant effect. significant to marketing performance. The sig.F value of 0,728 is higher than the significance level (α), so the formation of market strategy, customer involvement, and technology leadership simultaneously do not have a significant effect on marketing performance.
EXPERIENCE SHOCKS OF STRATEGIC FOOD CONSUMERS IN INDONESIA DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Laili Fitrotul , Widyawati Wiwit , Prasetyaningrum Dian Islami
Published: February 2022

COVID-19's negative externalities disrupted the supply of several commodities. Meanwhile, to combat the spread of COVID-19, various countries have implemented a lockdown policy, which impacts the economy's balance. Consumers' risks are increasing due to economic changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects the higher level of volatility of various agricultural commodities in Indonesia, particularly strategic commodities. Thus, this research was designed to examine the experience shock of strategic food consumers during Covid-19 pandemic. The ARCH/GARCH model was used to describe the strategic food price movement pattern using a set of weekly consumer price data from March 2020 until August 2021. This study found price volatility of strategic food commodities is classified into three categories. For starters, the extreme volatility of commodities such as garlic and cayenne pepper indicates that future buyers will face more significant uncertainty and risk. Furthermore, these commodities will generate fluctuating price swings in the future, resulting in greater experience shock for consumers. Second, commodities with high price volatility, such as rice, chicken meat, eggs, shallots, and sugar, signal that these commodities will subject consumers to a huge shock due to their high price volatility. Third, minimal volatility, such as that found in meat, red chilli, and cooking oil, indicates that customers will face less uncertainty in the future.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND FOOD SECURITY CONTRIBUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION AND FARM PONDS: EVIDENCE FROM NORTHERN BURKINA FASO
Authors: Zongo Bétéo , Barbier Bruno , Dogot Thomas , Diarra Abdoulaye , Zorom Malicki , Atewamba Calvin , Combary Omer S , Ouédraogo Souleymane , Toé Patrice , Karambiri Harouna , Hamma Yacouba
Published: February 2022

The dry spells are severe obstacles to rainfed agriculture in Sahelian countries. The farmers believe supplemental irrigation is an excellent way to adapt rainfed agriculture to dry spells. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of supplemental irrigation to food security and compared the profitability of different types of ponds constructed by farmers in northern Burkina Faso. Human cereal requirement was used as indicators to analyze the contribution of supplemental irrigation to food security. The criteria for analyzing the profitability of the selected ponds were gross margin (GM), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period (PBP). The results show that the additional yield of corn obtained with supplemental irrigation makes it possible to meet the monthly cereal needs of at least 17 people and generates an additional GM of FCFA 178,483 (US$ 309.26) compared to no irrigation. The estimate of the NPV, from IRR and PBP showed that the profitability of supplemental irrigation in 15 agricultural seasons varies between type of ponds constructed. Given the up-front cost and the farmers’ lack of resources, the ponds require a subsidy or a credit policy to facilitate the adoption of supplemental irrigation in Sahelian countries.
One-Pot Catalytic Oxidation for Transforming Eugenol to Vanillin Using ZnAl2O4 Catalyst
Authors:   Department of chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Nofita Birhi Damiana , Qisthi Ismail Adzkia ,   Department of chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Dhiaul Iftitah Elvina ,   Department of chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University,   Essential Oil’s Institute, University of Brawijaya, Warsito Warsito ,   Department of chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University,   Essential Oil’s Institute, University of Brawijaya
Published: February 2022

In this study, ZnAl2O4 catalyst was synthesized with the capability of transforming eugenol to vanillin through One-Pot Catalytic Oxidation. ZnAl2O4 was synthesized from Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O and Al2O3 using the wet-impregnation method, and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. One-Pot Catalytic Oxidation was conducted by heating under reflux at 150oC using nitrobenzene and a certain amount of ZnAl2O4 catalyst (4% and 7%) for 2 and 3 hours of reaction. Catalytic Oxidation is also carried out without catalyst as a comparison. The vanillin product was confirmed by GC and spectral data achieved from UV-Vis, FTIR, and mass spectrometry. The results revealed that transforming eugenol to vanillin using ZnAl2O4 catalyst provides a better selectivity value than without using the catalyst, is 100% for the use of 4% catalyst in 2 hours, while without catalyst gives 88% in 3 hours. In addition, the use of 4% catalyst in 3 hours gives 94% for selectivity of vanillin, and the use of 7% catalyst gives selectivity values at 82% and 85%, respectively for 2 hours and 3 hours. The conversion rate of the use of catalyst and without catalyst gives the perfect rate at 100%, but the use of catalyst produces better vanillin with percent yield at 2.485 for 2 hours, and 3.22% for 3 hours, while without catalyst have percent yield of vanillin at 1.94% for 3 hours.
Primary Care: The Actual Intelligence Required for Artificial Intelligence to Advance Health Care and Improve Health
Authors: Liaw Winston R , Westfall John M , Williamson Tyler S , Jabbarpour Yalda , Bazemore Andrew
Published: February 2022

With conversational agents triaging symptoms, cameras aiding diagnoses, and remote sensors monitoring vital signs, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) outside of hospitals has the potential to improve health, according to a recently released report from the National Academy of Medicine. Despite this promise, the success of AI is not guaranteed, and stakeholders need to be involved with its development to ensure that the resulting tools can be easily used by clinicians, protect patient privacy, and enhance the value of the care delivered. A crucial stakeholder group missing from the conversation is primary care. As the nation’s largest delivery platform, primary care will have a powerful impact on whether AI is adopted and subsequently exacerbates health disparities. To leverage these benefits, primary care needs to serve as a medical home for AI, broaden its teams and training, and build on government initiatives and funding.
App-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment to Enhance Clinical Care for Postpartum Depression: Pilot Acceptability Study
Authors: Krohn Holly , Guintivano Jerry , Frische Rachel , Steed Jamie , Rackers Hannah , Meltzer-Brody Samantha
Published: February 2022

Background

Wearable tracking devices and mobile health technology are increasingly used in an effort to enhance clinical care and the delivery of personalized medical treatment. Postpartum depression is the most frequently diagnosed complication of childbirth; however, significant gaps in screening and treatment remain.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the clinical utility, predictive ability, and acceptability of using ecological momentary assessment to collect daily mood, sleep, and activity data through the use of an Apple Watch and mobile app among women with postpartum depression.

Methods

This was a pilot study consisting of 3 in-person research visits over the course of a 6-week enrollment period. Questionnaires to assess depression, anxiety, and maternal functioning were periodically collected, along with daily self-reported symptoms and passively collected physiological data via an Apple Watch. Feedback was collected from study participants and the study clinician to determine the utility and acceptability of daily tracking. Logistic regression was used to determine whether mood scores in the 2 weeks before a visit predicted scores at follow-up. Compliance with daily assessments was also measured.

Results

Of the 26 women enrolled, 23 (88%) completed the 6-week study period. On average, the participants completed 67% (34.4/51.5 days) of all active daily assessments and 74% (38/51.5 days) of all passive measures. Furthermore, all 23 participants completed the 3 required visits with the research team. Predictive correlations were found between self-reported mood and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score at follow-up, self-reported anxiety and EDPS, and sleep quality and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

Conclusions

Using ecological momentary assessment to track daily symptoms of postpartum depression using a wearable device was largely endorsed as acceptable and clinically useful by participants and the study clinician and could be an innovative solution to increase care access during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The First National Remote Emergency System for Malignant Hyperthermia (MH-NRES) in China: Protocol for the Design, Development, and Evaluation of a WeChat Applet (Preprint)
Authors: Yu Hong , Tan Lingcan , Teng Yi , Xu Zhao , Xiao Kun , Yin Jin , Zuo Yunxia , Zhu Tao , Deng Xiaoqian
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare life-threatening anesthetic emergency. With respect to the high fatality rate, difficulty in early recognition, and the lack of disease-specific drug (ie, dantrolene) in China, more effort is needed to strengthen early diagnosis and effective treatment of MH emergencies. Nowadays, mobile health (mHealth) apps are changing the way of medical practice; they can serve as an accessible tool to help anesthesiologists deal with MH crises. However, no related mHealth-based emergency system is available currently.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to outline the protocol for the development of a WeChat applet used to design a National Remote Emergency System for Malignant Hyperthermia (MH-NRES) in China, as well as the protocol for the evaluation of the user experience and perception of the system.

METHODS

The system adopts the client-server architecture, with a custom user interface operating as clients and the back-end system operating as the server. The client-side software was developed using uni-app technology with Vue.js-based framework, which consists of 6 modules: Quick Diagnosis, Dantrolene Mobilization, Instruction on Dantrolene Use, MH Treatment, Recovery Period Treatment, and DNA Test and Biopsy. The back-end system was developed based on the Spring framework. The system will be evaluated by administrating a modified user version of the Mobile App Rating Scale. Pilot testing will be conducted in Sichuan Province, China, and a subsequent evaluation on a national scale is planned.

RESULTS

The theoretical framework design of this system was completed in August 2021. The development of the system was completed in February 2022, and the refinement is currently ongoing. Pilot testing after the implementation of the system in Sichuan Province is planned to take 2 months, and the subsequent evaluation on a national scale is planned to take 2 months.

CONCLUSIONS

We have described a novel approach using the WeChat applet to develop the MH-NRES. Findings from the usability testing process in the current study may lead to refinements and is expected to suggest that this system is both feasible and welcomed by anesthesiologists. Depending on the availability of research funding, this system will be extended nationally across China.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/37084
La importancia de los referentes culturales en la enseñanza de la pintura virreinal a estudiantes extranjeros
Authors: Flores Flores Oscar
Published: February 2022

Uno de los problemas más frecuentes en la enseñanza de la pintura virreinal de la Nueva España a los estudiantes extranjeros, es la falta de referentes culturales, particularmente en el caso de los estudiantes orientales, quienes no sólo se enfrentan con el problema de aprender una lengua occidental radicalmente diferente a la propia, sino que también, en la mayoría de los casos, carecen de elementos relacionados con distintos aspectos de la cultura occidental, los cuales les permitirían comprender significativamente la pintura producida en Europa y América durante los siglos XVI al XVIII.

En este trabajo se abordará brevemente dicha problemática y se expondrán algunos de los recursos metodológicos que he desarrollado para poder preparar el curso, con el objetivo primordial de que los alumnos puedan entender conceptos y procesos fundamentales de la historia del arte occidental en general y de la historia de la pintura virreinal novohispana en particular.
Las actividades de aprendizaje como estrategia de enseñanza
Authors: Delgadillo Rosa Esther
Published: February 2022

La nueva modalidad de transmisión de conocimientos demanda un cambio de actitud ante las ideas preconcebidas. Las experiencias de aprendizaje, ahora, se convierten en el punto de partida para promover aprendizajes significativos.

Tradicionalmente el escenario para realizar esta tarea, cara a cara, es el salón de clases; lugar donde se realiza la transmisión y generación de conocimientos. Ahora, no sólo hablamos de transmisión de conocimientos, sino hablamos de cómo ayudar a los estudiantes a construir conocimientos a partir de cuestiones como dónde y cómo buscar, seleccionar y compartir información relevante, cómo elaborar y confirmar hipótesis, que los conduzcan a la reflexión crítica y al trabajo colaborativo. De esta manera, la interacción entre profesor-alumno, alumno-actividad y alumno-alumno se encuentra mediada por una máquina. Estamos, pues, ante otra forma de promover el aprendizaje.

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una sistematización de actividades para cursos en línea a partir de mi experiencia en tres plataformas de diplomados diferentes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Los cuales están presentes en las siguientes páginas de Internet:

http://www.cepe.unam.mx/DFPELE/

http://www.cele.unam.mx/ALAD

http://www.cuaed.unam.mx/bachillerato/diplomado_cepe/narrativa
Diálogo abierto entre estudiantes y profesores de español
Authors: Jiménez Llamas Emma , Lara Pacheco Gonzalo
Published: February 2022

En la revista Flores de Nieve (www.floresdenieve.cepe. unam.mx), estudiantes y profesores del Centro de Enseñanza para Extranjeros (CEPE-UNAM), provenientes de países y contextos culturales y sociales distintos, escriben sobre temas también muy diversos.

En 2008 creamos en la revista un blog (http://floresde.wordpress) a fin de entablar un diálogo entre quienes escriben y quienes leen; entre quienes buscan recursos para aprender la lengua y la cultura meta y quienes se los proporcionamos; entre quienes desean hacer consultas y quienes respondemos a esas consultas. Establecemos así canales de comunicación y comprensión entre estudiantes y profesores de español de distintas culturas.

En el presente artículo, mostraremos, cómo motivamos a los estudiantes a escribir artículos para la revista y comentarlos en el blog y la manera en que hemos organizado nuestra participación, para que durante dicho proceso se realice el aprendizaje de la lengua y la cultura de manera significativa y comunicativa.
La literatura y formas de ver su enseñanza
Authors: Rojas Samperio Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

En este trabajo se presentan un conjunto de reflexiones en torno al papel que juega la literatura en el aprendizaje de una lengua, especialmente en la enseñanza del español como segunda lengua. Se parte de relacionar la literatura como objeto de estudio con su didáctica, en tanto objeto de enseñanza y aprendizaje a partir de cuatro momentos: la época denominada clásica que comprende el curriculum basado en el positivismo y con ello en el modelo enciclopédico; el ingreso del estructuralismo a México, como foco de atención en la enseñanza de lenguas, incluyendo el papel de la literatura como objeto de comentario literario; en un tercer momento, la enseñanza de la literatura como tema de reflexión y de ahí al paso de la forma en que se concibe actualmente la enseñanza de la literatura en el marco de los programas por competencias.

La literatura ha dejado de ser un objeto de estudio para formar parte de una tipología textual en donde el modelo es uno más entre otros. Además, se percibe en el entorno de la competencia lectora. Sin embargo, es tiempo de revalorar su papel como el texto que por sí mismo es privilegiado en tanto en sí mismo ocupa las dos áreas cerebrales, la izquierda para comprender, en tanto texto lineal y la derecha para interpretarlo, como un texto que toca las fibras más profundas del ser humano.
Aprender y enseñar español y cultura
Authors: Jiménez Llamas Emma
Published: February 2022

Con el propósito de mostrar cómo enlazamos teoría y práctica en nuestro quehacer docente, describiremos brevemente el perfil de egreso que propone el Centro de Enseñanza para Extranjeros (CEPE), así como el perfil de quienes se inscriben en nuestros cursos de español y áreas de cultura; tomando en cuenta este doble perfil, reflexionaremos, en general y en particular, sobre algunos de los principios que subyacen en el diseño de cinco actividades que ponemos en práctica en nuestros cursos (véanse los anexos). En las conclusiones reuniremos algunos supuestos que guían nuestra práctica docente.
En defensa de la contrastividad en la enseñanza de segundas lenguas
Authors: Fant Lars
Published: February 2022

Tras décadas de predominio de una ideología que proscribe el uso de la lengua de base en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras y reduce la posibilidad de aplicarle un enfoque contrastivo, se reanima hoy día el debate sobre las ventajas y desventajas de una y otra orientación pedagógica. La presente contribución contempla dar una visión de conjunto sobre el campo y abogar por un uso juicioso de la lengua de base así como también por la aplicación de una perspectiva contrastiva, no solo en la clase de lengua extranjera sino también en otros contextos, como el AICLE, la clase de lengua segunda en su comunidad meta, o la enseñanza de lenguas de herencia.
Dark Side of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Saxena Ashish , Bajpai Yashi , Kumar Rakesh
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Humans must be cautious of both the present and possible issues with AI. Such issues aren't the issues of the tinfoil hat crowd. According to Stephen Hawking, the influence of AI could be devastating until its implementation is carefully and morally regulated. Artificial intelligence is far more hazardous than nuclear weapons as stated by Elon Musk. Lots of the world's brightest and greatest forward-thinking minds are worried regarding the negative side of AI, therefore it's worth investigating. One major and urgent worry is a rise in unemployment. According to the Brookings Institute, 36 million jobs might be in danger since they are comprised of extremely repeatable work that technology using AI could accomplish. Whitecollar jobs aren't resistant to technology, however. And when robots improve in dexterity, they will be able to perform additional activities. Keywords: Bias in AI, ChatBot, Self Driving Cars, Value of AI