bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Botani Hydrocharis laevigata (Hydrocharitaceae): Sebuah Ulasan
Authors: FADHIL MUHAMMAD HISYAM , KURNIAWAN MUHAMMAD FABIO RAYHAN , HARIRI MUHAMMAD RIFQI , IRSYAM ARIFIN SURYA DWIPA
Published: July 2023

Aktivitas manusia menyebabkan terjadinya perpindahan suatu jenis tumbuhan asing dari daerah sebaran aslinya ke daerah baru, misalnya melalui jalur perdagangan tanaman hias. Salah satu jenis tumbuhan asing akuatik yang diperdagangkan sebagai tanaman hias di Pulau Jawa yaitu Hydrocharis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh. dari suku Hydrocharitaceae. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji H. laevigata secara botani yang mencakup ciri morfologi, taksonomi, pemanfaatan, ekologi, dan potensinya sebagai tumbuhan asing invasif. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini berupa studi literatur dengan menelaah berbagai referensi ilmiah. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa H. laevigata berasal dari kawasan Amerika Tengah dan Selatan. Secara morfologi, jenis ini dicirikan oleh perawakan berupa terna melayang, bertangkai daun pendek, helaian daun membundar telur melebar hingga membundar, aerenkim di bagian abaksial daun, bunga uniseksual, perhiasan bunga berwarna putih, benang sari berjumlah enam, tangkai sari saling berlekatan membentuk tabung, dan bunga betina tanpa daun mahkota bunga. Hydrocharis laevigata dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman hias untuk akuarium dan kolam. Namun, keberadaannya di Pulau Jawa perlu diperhatikan. Hal tersebut karena jenis ini dilaporkan telah menginvasi Australia dan Afrika.
Putting Guidelines into Practice: Supporting Young People with Hereditary Angioedema to Live Attack-Free
Authors: Cross Caroline
Published: July 2023

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder that causes unpredictable, recurrent episodes of cutaneous or submucosal oedema, affecting mainly the skin, abdomen, or upper respiratory tract.

People with HAE often present with their first attack in their early teenage years, but episodes can occur in patients as young as 5 years old. For adolescents and young people, HAE can have a significant impact on quality of life (QoL), affecting social interactions, educational attainment, physical activity, and emotional wellbeing.

Despite the recent development of effective, specific, and well-tolerated medications, which are recommended by international guidelines for treatment and management of the condition, many patients with HAE fail to gain access to specialist care and an appropriate treatment plan that could reduce the number of HAE attacks, and improve their QoL.

EMJ interviewed Consultant Immunologist Matthew Buckland, who oversees children’s and families’ HAE clinics at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) and Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, to find out what more can be done to support people with HAE. Buckland discussed their experience of managing young patients with HAE and, based on their own practice and experience, outlined how to ensure patients have treatment management plans in place to achieve a good QoL.
BREEDING AND GENETIC PARAMETERS OF GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND BODY TYPE OF ABERDEEN ANGUS BREED REPLACEMENT HEIFERS AND THEIR BLACK-AND-WHITE CROSSBREEDS
Authors: БАТАНОВ С.Д. , СТАРОСТИНА О.С. , АТНАБАЕВА Н.А. , ДЯКИН С.И.
Published: July 2023

Исследованы особенности роста, развития и селекционно-генетических параметров телосложения ремонтных телок абердин ангусской породы и помесей первого и второго поколений с черно-пестрой породой. Отмечена мелкоплодность чистопородных телок, живая масса которых при рождении достоверно ниже, чем у телок-помесей первого и второго поколений, на 3,6 кг (12,2%) и 2,1 кг (7,55%) соответственно. К 6 мес живая масса помесей первого поколения составила 171,5 кг, что ниже, чем масса сверстниц чистопородных абердин ангусских и помесей второго поколения, на 5,4% и 4,9%, к возрасту 10 мес — ниже на 3,7% и 1,8% соответственно. Наиболее интенсивное проявление эффекта скрещивания отмечено у помесей первого поколения в возрасте 18 мес: живая масса 394,2 кг, что на 1,2% и 2,8% выше, чем у сверстниц чистопородных абердин ангусских и помесей второго поколения. У чистопородных телок отмечен гармоничный тип телосложения с относительно невысоким ростом, хорошо развитыми областями туловища, а помесные телки имеют промежуточный тип наследования параметров телосложения.

The features of growth, development, breeding and genetic parameters of body type of Aberdeen Angus breed replacement heifers and their crossbreeds of the first and second generation with a black-and-white breed were investigated. The low fertility of purebred heifers was noted, their live birth weight was significantly lower than in first- and second-generation hybrid heifers by 3.6 kg (12.2%) and 2.1 kg (7.55%), respectively. The live weight of first—generation crossbreeds was 171.5 kg by 6 months, it is lower than the weight of purebred Aberdeen Angus heifers and second-generation crossbreeds by 5.4% and 4.9%. By the age of 10 months, it was lower by 3.7% and 1.8%, respectively. The most intense manifestation of the crossing effect was observed in first-generation crossbreeds at the age of 18 months: the live weight was 394.2 kg; it is 1.2% and 2.8% higher than in purebred Aberdeen Angus and second-generation crossbreeds. Purebred heifers have a harmonious type of physique with relatively short stature, well-developed areas of the trunk, and crossbred heifers have an intermediate type of body parameters inheritance.
TAHLIL THARIQAH AT-TADRIS ALMUSTAKHDAMAH FII MADDATIL MUTHALAAH
Authors: Wahyuni Simarmata
Published: July 2023

Analysis of Mutholaah Learning Methods at two E of MTS Islamic Boarding School of Al-Kautsar Simalungun this research is qualitative by Descriptive methode according to Miles and Huberman’s teory. The objectives of this research are 1) to find out how the mutolaah learning method at two E of MTS Islamic Boarding School of Al-Kautsar Simalungun, 2) to find out the supporting factors, 3) to find out the inhibiting factors in mutolaah learning at two E of MTS Islamic Boarding School of Al-Kautsar Simalungun. The results of this study are 1) that the method used in teaching mutholaah i at two E of MTS Islamic Boarding School of Al-Kautsar Simalungun is a combined method, where the teacher uses several methods in teaching mutholaah, such as reading, discussion, drama, memorizing and direct methods. 2) Supporting factors in mutholaah learning at two E of MTS Islamic Boarding School of Al-Kautsar Simalungun are the existence of an Arabic-language environment, holding of language activities such as conversations, language improvement, equipped with media for reading such as wall magazines and hanging boards. 3) The inhibiting factors in learning mutholaah at two E of MTS Islamic Boarding School of Al-Kautsar Simalungun are that the methods used in learning do not yet support the improvement of students' writing abilities, and the students' use of Arabic does not comply with the correct Arabic rules in their daily conversations day.
САДОВОДСТВО В УСЛОВИЯХ ИЗМЕНЕНИИ КЛИМАТА ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ПРИЕМОВ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ (при выращивании яблони)
Authors: Сулейменова Назия , Тогисбаева Айнура
Published: July 2023

В статье рассмотрена задачи  развития садоводства в условиях изменения климата с использованием  водосберегающих инновационных приемов технологий выращивания яблони. Нами изучены влияние водоудерживающего полимера-гидрогеля "АКВАСОРБ" на агро-экологическую обстановку экосистемы производственного сада, в зонах подверженный к засухе Юго-Восточного Казахстана.

Выявлено, что полимер увеличивает общий и продуктивный запас влаги в почве и улучшает агрофизические свойства, где создается более благоприятные экологические  условия для адаптации  плодовой культуры – яблони при глобальной изменении климата. Присутствие гидрогеля в корневом слое увеличивает влагообеспеченность листьев, что повышает гидратацию и содержание    подвижной влаги в каждом варианте по сравнению с контролем. Где повышается засухоустойчивость деревьев с точки зрения термостойкости, удержания воды, общей гидратации и содержания подвижной влаги в тканях листьев яблони.

В условиях изучения в плодовом саду лучшие показатели влагаудержания  листьев и гидратации  были установлены при норме внесения полимера - 1,5 кг/м3, а в более суровых засушливых условиях исследуемого года лучшими нормами является 2,0 кг/м3 гидрогеля в корневом слое. Высокая степень удержания воды и удовлетворительная гидратация тканей яблони указывает на их способность адаптироваться к изменяющимся условиям изменения климата.
Blockchain Technology
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet
Published: July 2023

Blockchain is one of the revolutionary tools that has proven to be effective in resolving various problems in the banking industry. Blockchain technology has diversified applications over varied sectors as it facilitates the systematic recording of transactions in an effective, cheap, and safe manner. Blockchain technology offers various services to the banking industry which have improved the scalability and security of the banks. Thus in order to captivate the interest of researchers, academicians and bankers, the chapter presents a comprehensive review of the impact of blockchain on the banking industry. Moreover there is an urgent need to conduct extensive research into several aspects of banking with blockchain so as to overcome hindrances in the adoption of blockchain. The study provides a holistic framework highlighting the present status and future prospects of the adoption of blockchain technology in banks. Further, it describes how the adoption of blockchain can make the banking industry more secure and facilitate faster transaction recording.
Three-dimensional structure and functional studies of neopullulanase from Thermus brockianus
Authors: Abubakar Hassana , Ndatsu Yakubu , Dickson Musa Achimugu , Gogo Mayaki Fatima , Abdullahi Baba Salihu , Balogu Vincent Tochukwu , Ogbiko Cyril
Published: July 2023

The structural guided-rational design has been suggested to meet the demand for pullulanase in starch industries. Neopullulanase (EC 3.2.1.135), a pullulan hydrolase type I belonging to the alpha-amylase family that hydrolysis α -1,4-glucosidic bonds in pullulan to produce panose is one such enzyme that can be manipulated. Therefore, this study aimed at modeling three 3- dimensional structures of neopullulanase from Thermus brockianus, a thermophilic bacteria belonging to the thermus genus. The multiple sequence alignment was carried out with Clustal Omega while the domain and 3D structure of this enzyme was predicted with Pfam and four different modeling servers. Model validation was done using SAVES 06 based on the Ramachandran plot and VERIFY3D analysis. YASARA was employed to minimize the energy of the model. PyMOL software was employed to visualize and superimpose the model with the template. The conserved residues and alpha-amylase domain were identified in this enzyme. The RaptorX model was found to be the best with 93.1% residues in the most favoured region based on the Ramachandran plot. The model energy was reduced to -281707.5 kJ/mol with 95.03% of the residues having an average score of 3D-1D score >= 0.2 in the VERIFY3D analysis. TIM barrel active site fold and the three important catalytic residues; Asp329, Glu360 and Asp431 were also identified. This structure prediction will be helpful in the improvement of neopullulanase for large-scale industrial use
The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Motivation on Employee Performance at Anugerah Palembang Hotel
Authors: Wijaya Agung , Wadud Muhammad , DP M. Kurniawan
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of transformational leadership and motivation on employee performance at Anugerah Palembang Hotel. The number of samples in this study were 35 respondents. The data collection technique utilizedquestionnaires. The data analysis technique utilized multiple linear regression analysis. This study finds that transformational leadership and motivation have a significant effect on employee performance partially and simultaneously. The results of this study are expected to provide benefits for Hotel Anugerah Palembang to improve employee performance through transformational leadership and motivation.
Preventing The Threat Of The Spread Of Radicalism And Terrorism By BNPT In The Maritime Area As A State Defense Effort Of The Republic Of Indonesia
Authors: Mahendra Reza , Widodo Widodo , Yulianto Bayu Asih , Widodo Pujo , Risma Saragih Herlina Juni , Suwarno Panji
Published: July 2023

In the acts of terrorism that have occurred several times in Indonesia, this crime is classified as an act that really endangers the ideology of the Indonesian state. The ideology of the Indonesian state, which originates from Pancasila, is a legacy from the founding fathers of the nation. As the basis of the state, Pancasila is also listed in the preamble of the 1945 Constitution, both of which are an inseparable unit. The National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT) continues to carry out collaborative efforts with various stakeholders in the maritime area in an effort to counteract the threat of the spread of radicalism and terrorism. Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with international land borders consisting of 3 countries and 10 countries whose borders are separated by sea. This raises consequences as well as opportunities for the entry of threats of radicalism and terrorism through sea routes, which can endanger our country. Connectivity in maritime areas through sea transportation routes can open entrances for radicalism and terrorism. In this paper, the researcher uses a qualitative method with literature study techniques.
Indicateurs Des Mutations Spatiotemporelle Et Démographique Dans La Commune De Sèmè-Podji
Authors: Pathos ALI Guy Pépin , BIAOU CHABI Luc Ogousinya , Sabi TASSIGUI SIO , VIGNINOU Toussaint
Published: July 2023

Les villes tropicales au sud du Sahara, tout comme ailleurs dans les pays en développement, sont soumises de nos jours à un défi majeur qui est celui de la gestion de l’espace et des ressources naturelles en adéquation avec le cadre de vie des populations en croissance rapide. La présente recherche a pour but d’étudier les indicateurs des mutations spatiotemporelle et démographique dans la commune de Sèmè-Podji au Sud-Est du Bénin.Pour atteindre cet objectif, des méthodes d’analyse cartographique, statistique et des graphiques ont été utilisées pour le traitement, l’analyse et l’interprétation des données (statistiques démographiques, modes d’occupations de sol, etc.). Les observations directes et les entretiens ont été mis à contribution dans le cadre de cette étude. La statistique descriptive a été également utilisée. Au total, 341 personnes ont été enquêtées sur l’ensemble du territoire du secteur d’étude.Il résulte de ce travail que de 1979 à 1999, les formations naturelles (FG, FD, FCSB, PE, ZS, FM, SOL NU) sont passées de 462,8 ha à 88,7 ha, soit une diminution de 67,83 % de l’ensemble du secteur de recherche. Cette diminution s’est faite au profit des formations anthropiques (MCJP, MJC et PLAN,) qui sont passées de 7796,1 à 7926,2 ha soit une extension de 0,83 % et les agglomérations qui sont passées de 43,5 à 105,7 ha. Toutefois, il est à constater que les marécages ont passées de 10380,5 à 14432,5 ha soit une augmentation de 4052 ha. Par ailleurs, la superficie des agglomérations passe de 1378,14 ha en 2019 à 2863,922 ha en 2030. Dans le même temps, les mosaïques de cultures et jachères sous palmiers passent de 2245,14 ha en 1988 à 1610,68 ha en 2008 ; elle rechute à 1324,37 ha en 2018. Ces données montrent que la superficie des cultures et jachères sous palmeraies diminue au profit de celle des agglomérations. Elles ont connu une progression en l’espace de 11 ans.Pendant la même période, les formations naturelles (FG, FD, FCSB, PE, ZS, FM, SOL NU, MAR) passent de 13659,8 ha en 2019 à 11080,39 ha en 2030 ; elles diminueront et atteigneront 2579,41 ha en 2030. Cela montre que les habitations sont de plus en plus construites dans les espaces occupés par les formations naturelles. La densité du bâti a évolué de 0,002 ha en 1979, elle a atteint 0,005 ha en 1999 et 0,060 ha en 2019. Cette densité ne cesse de croître au cours du temps et sera 0,125 ha en 2030. Il est à remarquer que dans la commune de Sèmè-Podji, l’évolution des agglomérations demeurent le principal facteur de la dynamique de l’espace depuis les années 1979. Elle y restera toujours la principale cause des mutations territoriales jusqu’à l’horizon 2030.Tout ceci a été à la base de l’installation des infrastructures structurantes qui ont aussi contribué à la croissance de plusieurs quartiers dans le secteur d’étude. Ils sont également des facteurs explicatifs de développement du commerce de rue (selon les 65 % des enquêtés).
Bimbingan Kelompok Sosiodrama untuk Meningkatkan Perilaku Prososial Siswa Kelas X OTKP SMKN Ngraho Bojonegoro
Authors: Amalia Rizky , Fajrotuz Zahro Indah
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh bimbingan kelompok teknik sosiodrama untuk meningkatkan perilaku prososial siswa Kelas X OTKP SMKN Ngraho Bojonegoro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif eksperimental, dengan desain eksperimen pre-post test one group desain, yaitu eksperimen yang dilakukan pada satu kelompok saja tanpa kelompok pembanding. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa X OTKP SMKN Ngraho Bojonegoro. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, yakni dengan mengambil sampel dari siswa X OTKP yang memiliki perilaku prososial rendah. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah skala perilaku prososial yang berupa skala likert sebanyak 32 item pernyataan dengan 4 alternatif pilihan jawaban. Sebelum diberikan kepada sampel penelitian, instrumen diujicobakan lalu diuji validitas dengan menggunakan SPSS rumus Product Moment selanjutnya diuji reliabilitas dengan menggunakan SPSS rumus Alpha Cronbach. Setelah diuji validitas dan reliabilitas dilakukan penelitian dengan menyebarkan instrumen kepada sampel penelitian sebagai pretes yang selanjutnya diketahui siswa yang termasuk dalam kategori perilaku prososial tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Selanjutnya dilakukan bimbingan kelompok teknik sosiodrama sebagai treatment sebanyak 6 kali. Berdasarkan perhitungan skor rata-rata pretes sebesar 53,25 dan rata-rata postes sebesar 93,13. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa bimbingan kelompok dengan teknik sosiodrama dapat meningkatan perilaku prososial pada siswa kelas X OTKP SMKN Ngraho Bojonegoro.
Potensi Longsor Berdasarkan Karakteristik Geologi Teknik Pada Jalan Poros Malino Desa Lonjoboko, Kecamatan Parangloe Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Hedianto  , Ma'rief A. Al'faizah , Mahyuni Enni Tri , Afasedanja Mapuay Menasye Theo
Published: July 2023

Jalan Poros Malino Kabupaten Gowa merupakan daerah yang rawan longsor dimusim penghujan, dimana kondisi geologi berupa satuan Gunungapi Baturape-Cindako yakni batuan vulkanik berumur pliosen. Lokasi penelitian terletak di Jalan Poros Malino Km 56 dan Km 64 Desa Lonjoboko Kecamatan Parangloe Kabupaten Gowa, rata-rata kemiringan lereng daerah penelitian >45°. Tujuan dari penelitian ini melakukan pengamatan karakteristik geologi teknik pada lereng untuk melihat potensi longsor dan memberikan rekomendasi teknis terhadap kondisi lereng pengamatan. Metodologi penelitian menggunakan data primer yakni data hasil pengamatan geologi teknik dan geometri dari lereng, serta data sekunder berupa data-data penelitian terdahulu, dan juga hasil pengujian laboratorium sifat fisik dan mekanik batuan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data pengamatan geologi teknik bahwa pada lereng (A) yang terletak di Jalan Poros Malino Km 56 berupa batuan basal memiliki tingkat pelapukan yang tinggi ditandai dengan rata-rata jarak kekar yakni 9 cm dan kondisi daerah puncak lereng telah menjadi residual soil, sedangkan pada lereng (B) yang terletak Di Jalan Poros Malino Km 64 berupa batuan tufa memiliki tingkat pelapukan masih kategori lapuk ringan dan kondisi kekar belum terlihat. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi dengan metode Morgenstren-Price diperoleh nilai faktor keamanan lereng (A) yakni FK 1.101 yang dianggap tidak stabil berdasarkan standar minimum faktor keamanan lereng yakni >1.25. Pada lereng (B) diperoleh nilai faktor keamanan yakni FK 1.371, dimana lereng tersebut dianggap stabil. Adapun rekomendasi teknis untuk menjaga agar tidak terjadinya gerekan tanah maka pada lereng (A) dapat menggunakan retaining wall atau dinding penahan tanah dan untuk lereng (B) dapat menggunakan wiremess disekeliling lereng pengamatan.
Exploring Supportive Supervision of Nurses in the Health Care Facilities in Volta Region, Ghana
Authors: Sah Christoph , Antwi-Berko Regina , Opoku Oscar Agyemang , Henry Okujeto , Bosiako Abigail Antwi
Published: July 2023

The study sought to examine supportive supervision of nurses in the health care facilities in Volta Region of Ghana. The study employed descriptive survey of the qualitative approach and targeted all the management of health care facilities in Volta Region. Purposive sampling was adopted in selecting three (3) management members from various health care facilities in Volta Region. The primary data was obtained from the responses and information from the interview guide administered to the nurse supervisors. Credibility and trustworthiness were ensured to enhance the quality of data and ethical consideration such as anonymity, informed consent, privacy and confidentiality were ensured. Data from interviews were transcribed, edited, coded and analysed thematically with the help of research objectives. The study found that the role of nurse managers in support supervision it to monitor, supervise, teach or support nurses to provide appropriate and quality health care delivery to patients. The institution’s management assist support supervision by provided needed equipment and environment for transfer of knowledge and skills from supervisors or nurse managers to young nurses. The motive of support supervision was to provide confidence in the young nurses, to improve upon the performance and quality health care delivery and to minimize errors. Participants were not familiar with any strategy that can be used to support supervision. Challenges associated with support supervision included; inadequate resources and equipment, inadequate training, time issues and administrative challenges. It was suggested that support supervision should be encouraged in the health sector due to its numerous benefits and significance to both the health personnel and the patients as a whole. Institutions management should continue to provide needed tools, equipment, resources and the enabling environment for transfer of knowledge and skills among health personnel.
Uproszczenie systemu podatkowego na przykadzie grupy VAT
Authors: Kobylski Piotr
Published: July 2023

Jednym z rozwiza upraszczajcych obowizujcy system podatkowy miao by wprowadzenie do obiegu prawnego grupy VAT. Niniejszy zabieg legislacyjny sta si popularny w innych krajach Unii Europejskiej (UE), lecz na gruncie przepisw ustawy z dnia 11 marca 2004 r. o podatku od towarw i usug2 stanowi istotne novum. Niewtpliwie prawodawca w dyrektywie Rady 2006/112/WE z dnia 28 listopada 2006 r. w sprawie wsplnego systemu podatku od wartoci dodanej3, bdcej podstaw do wprowadzenia grupy VAT w systemie podatkowym, mia na celu przede wszystkim wsparcie przedsibiorcw w ich rozliczeniach. Co wicej, w nauce prawa podatkowego postuluje si nie tylko wdroenie omawianego mechanizmu we wszystkich krajach UE, ale rwnie znaczne poluzowanie wymaga co do ich tworzenia oraz poszerzenie zakresu ich zastosowania, by nada im maksymalnie transgraniczny charakter.Celem niniejszego opracowania jest wskazanie wybranych aspektw prawnych dotyczcych grupy VAT przez pryzmat wyzwania, jakim jest uproszczenie systemu podatkowego. Przeprowadzona analiza ma zaakcentowa zoono tytuowej instytucji, przede wszystkim z perspektywy rosncego znaczenia tego mechanizmu w systemach podatkowych pozostaych krajw UE. W opracowaniu postawiono tez, e nowe rozwizania prawne dziki temu, e przyczyniaj si do uproszczenia rozlicze podatkowych, sprawi, e po raz pierwszy od 30 lat realne stanie si neutralne rozliczanie transakcji podlegajcych VAT.
Standardization of Indian cultivars of Brassica spp. for characterization of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris races causing black rot disease of crucifer crops
Authors: RATHAUR PRIYANKA SINGH , SINGH DINESH , RAGHUWANSHI RICHA
Published: July 2023

Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris (Xcc) causing black rot disease of crucifer crops, is a serious worldwide problem resulting in >50% loss under environmental conditions favorable to the pathogen. For the characterization of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris races to standardize the Indian cultivars of Brassica spp. total of 184 representatives lines of the family crucifereae from of five economically important Brassica species, i.e. B. carinata, B. juncea, B. napus, B. oleracea, and B. rapa grown in India were inoculated by 75 strains of Xcc, belonging to three races 1, 4 and 6 in 2012-13 and 2013-14. Disease reaction of these cultivars was compared with the standard differential hosts of crucifer for disease incidence and diseases severity. Indian cultivars of B. juncea (Pusa Bold, Pusa Varuna, Pusa Vijay, Pusa Mustard-21, Pusa Mustard-25, Pusa Sag), B. olerecea var. botrytis (Pusa Sukti), B. olerecea var. capitata (KGMR) and B. rapa (Pusa Swarnima) were at par with the standard differentials of respective Brassica species and thus could be suitable to useas alternative differential hosts for characterization of Xcc races. 20 cultivars of Brassica spp. grown in India were further validated as differential crucifer host to characterize the races of Xcc on the molecular basis using four set of primers, viz. CAPS (ACS2) CAPS (BTPT) and CAPS (NDPK3) and among them, Br 019305 primer amplified at 906 bp in all cultivars, while primer CAPS (ACS2), CAPS (BTPT) and CAPS (NDPK3) primers were amplified multiple bands. Combined phylogenetic UPGMA study at 75% similarity coefficient, 19/20 accessions were divided into three groups and distinguished resistant and susceptible cultivars against black rot disease.
Towards an Environmental Communication Conceptual Model for Enabling Socio-economic Development in Africa
Authors: Kwamena Kwansah-Aidoo
Published: July 2023

Africa has vast natural and human resources and thus great potential for socioeconomic development. Yet, very few countries on the continent have been able to utilise their resources fully and to reap the expected benefits from that potential. Many of the factors for this failure to boost socio-economic development and improve the lives of individuals and groups on the continent have been well documented. However, one factor that is often glossed over is the role of negative environmental behaviour on development. This paper argues that there is a strongrelationship between the two and suggests a viable framework for integrating these two issues/ areas by providing a theoretical model for incorporating environmental communication, and subsequently environmental consciousness, into socio-economic development programmes.
Kedudukan Ombudsman Republik Indonesia dan Implikasi Rekomendasinya dalam Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia: Perspektif Hukum Tata Negara
Authors: Hastuty Christin Nalle Junan , Yohanes Saryono , Ratu Udju Hernimus
Published: July 2023

Secara objektif Ombudsman di Indonesia membutuhkan landasan yuridis yang memadai, hal itu menjadi penting karena akan memperkuat dasar operasional keberadaan Ombudsman di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif (lybrary research), penelitian ini mengkaji bahan hukum, buku-buku, serta peraturan perundangundangan yang berkaitan erat dengan masalah hukum yang diangkat penulis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) kedudukan Ombudsman Republik Indonesia dalam sistem ketatanegaraan Republik Indonesia adalah Ombudsman merupakan lembaga secondary atau extra auxiliary, yaitu lembaga negara yang dibentuk diluar konstitusi dalam hal ini Undang-undang Dasar 1945. (2) Implikasi rekomendasi Ombudsman Republik Indonesia dalam penegakan hukum di Indonesia adalah tidak dapat memberikan suatu sanksi secara mutlak (execution) kepada penyelenggara negara yang telah mendapatkan rekomendasinya, tetapi hanya sebatas memberikan saran agar penyelenggara negara yang mendapatkan rekomendasi tersebut untuk memperbaiki kinerjanya.
An Overview of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics in Modern Plant Science
Authors: Saha Sajal , Bhadana Deepa , Arya Rinkey , Shah Pankaj Kumar , Nishtha  , Kumar Pravesh
Published: July 2023

Bioinformatics plays monumental role in decoding the genomic landscape of plant species for agricultural advancements. While only a few plant genomes have been fully sequenced, the pan-genomic approach, involving the study of both the core and accessory genomes, is necessary to fully understand a species' genomic content. Bioinformatics, at the intersection of computer science and biology, handles the vast biological data generated during plant genomics research, facilitating data analysis, organization, and interpretation. By developing algorithms and tools, bioinformatics aids in gene prediction, functional annotation, sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and more. It enables researchers to uncover genetic diversity, identify adaptive traits, and improve crops for disease resistance, stress tolerance, and nutritional value. With its computational models and data analysis techniques, bioinformatics accelerates discoveries and contributes to sustainable agriculture, guiding the second green revolution towards resilient food systems.
Introduction
Authors: Baselski Vickie S. , Weissfeld Alice S.
Published: January 2025

Laboratories are subject to a wide array of regulatory compliance issues, including those impacting laboratory test performance, those related to laboratory safety, and those relating to privacy, security, and integrity of health information. Most hospital laboratories generally performed services for their own inpatients and occasionally for affiliated outpatients, and tests were billed according to a formula established by the business office. This chapter seeks to provide guidance on developing a laboratory program to ensure that reimbursement practices are compliant with payor rules and regulations. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) interprets statutes and regulations and issues these interpretations through a variety of official documents. CMS is responsible for establishing payment amounts for clinical diagnostic laboratory services on the Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule. A key component of the billing compliance process is attention to correct coding.
Processing, Isolation, Detection, and Interpretation of Aerobic Bacteriology Cultures
Authors: Harrington Amanda T. , Yarbrough Melanie L.
Published: January 2025

This chapter focuses on processing of specimens for aerobic bacteriology and interpretation and rapid identification of bacterial growth on primary culture media. The initial processing of clinical specimens for aerobic bacteriology is a multifaceted endeavor involving a number of decision‐making steps, including assessing the need for processing the specimen for anaerobic bacteriology, mycology, virology, and parasitology, depending on the nature of the specimen and requests from clinicians. First, one must consider the specimen type and its anatomic origin. The second step is the selection of primary isolation medium to be used for each specimen type. The initial interpretation of aerobic bacterial growth on primary culture media is an opportunity for the medical laboratory scientist or clinical microbiologist to make a preliminary identification and decide what additional tests and procedures must be performed to arrive at a definitive identification. The chapter presents a list of commonly used primary plating media.
Body Fluid Cultures (Excluding Blood, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Urine)
Authors: Moore Nicholas M.
Published: January 2025

Infection of normally sterile body fluids often results in severe morbidity and mortality; therefore, rapid and accurate microbiological assessment of these samples is important for successful patient management. Care must be taken during specimen collection and transport to ensure that the specimen is not contaminated. Causes of prosthetic joint infection vary depending on the joint infected and the time between implantation and infection. Peritoneal fluid can be contaminated with numerous mixed gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota in cases of perforation of the GI tract, but in patients with peritonitis secondary to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, the likely pathogen may be present in very low numbers. In peritonitis secondary to CAPD, the typical pathogens are staphylococci; viridans group streptococci; non‐glucose‐fermenting, Gram‐negative bacilli;
Candida albicans
and other
Candida
spp.; and fungi.
Fecal and Other Gastrointestinal Cultures
Authors: Pillai Dylan R. , Griener Thomas
Published: January 2025

Fecal cultures should not be performed for patients being treated with broad‐spectrum antimicrobial agents, because it is likely that the antimicrobial therapy is responsible for the diarrhea.
Campylobacter
is the most commonly identified bacterial pathogen isolated from fecal cultures.
Campylobacter
,
Arcobacter
, and
Helicobacter
species are Gram‐negative curved, gull‐winged, or spiral‐shaped bacilli which are motile by polar flagella and exhibit diverse growth requirements that can make them difficult to culture by routine methods.
Arcobacter
organisms are considered emerging enteropathogens and identified as the causative agents in outbreaks of gastroenteritis, though they can be isolated from stool of asymptomatic people and their significance as human pathogens has not been definitively established. For pediatric patients admitted with gastroenteritis and on bowel rest, it may take several days to collect a stool specimen.
Detection of Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas from Clinical Specimens by Culture and PCR
Authors: Bébéar Cécile , Waites Ken B.
Published: January 2025

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory infections in persons of all ages. Tracheobronchitis is the most common clinical syndrome, but pneumonia commonly occurs and extrapulmonary infections have been described.
Mycoplasma hominis
and
Ureaplasma
species are recoverable by culture from the human urogenital tract.
Mycoplasma genitalium
causes male nongonococcal urethritis and has been associated with salpingitis endometritis and cervicitis in women. Susceptibility testing is useful mainly for systemic infections caused by
Mycoplasma hominis
or
Ureaplasma spp.
, particularly in immunosuppressed hosts or when treatment failure raises suspicion of acquired resistance, as in the case of macrolide resistance in
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
is a common cause of respiratory tract infections, involved in tracheobronchitis and community‐acquired pneumonia in children and adults.
Guidelines for Biochemical Identification of Aerobic Bacteria
Authors: Dunn James J.
Published: January 2025

The identification of aerobic bacteria has traditionally been based on assessment of biochemical characteristics, and many laboratories continue to rely on these methods. The biochemical tests that are most useful to laboratories have been selected, with an emphasis on rapid testing. Depending on the type of organism, a set of substrates is selected for their positive and negative reactions. The pattern of reactivity for a particular organism can then be compared to charts or databases of expected reactions to identify the genus and/or species. Commercial biochemical identification systems can provide accurate identifications of the most commonly encountered bacterial pathogens with little hands‐on time. One of the main limitations of most biochemical identification methods is the time required to generate results, since gauging reactivity may require a number of hours of incubation. A potential limitation of commercial biochemical test systems is the breadth of organisms that can be identified and taxonomic updates maintained by the manufacturer.
Lysis Centrifugation
Authors: McElvania Erin
Published: January 2025

The Isolator system consists of Vacutainer tubes for blood collection that contain lysing, antifoaming, and anticoagulating agents. The lysis of red blood cells followed by centrifugation results in concentration of microorganisms from the blood and bone marrow specimen. The lysis centrifugation method can be used to culture routine bacterial pathogens and yeast, but the concentration step makes it particularly suited to detection of slowly growing and fastidious microorganisms, including Bartonella, Malassezia, and Mycobacterium species as well as thermally dimorphic and filamentous fungi. The limitations of lysis centrifugation are the requirement of specialized equipment and the high degree of manual processing. Due to the use of agar plates and manual processing, the lysis centrifugation method is prone to high rates of contamination with environmental and cutaneous microorganisms. The Isolator system can be used for quantitative assessment of microorganisms in the blood or bone marrow.
Staining, Culture, and Identification Methods for Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria Recovered from Positive Blood Cultures
Authors: Hilt Evann E. , Jean Sophonie
Published: January 2025

Use of continuously monitored blood culture systems reduces the time to detection of bacteremia and candidemia and reduces contamination rates compared to manual methods. Ideally, processing of positive blood cultures for subculture and Gram stain with immediate reporting of Gram stain results should be performed around the clock, 24/7. Blood culture contamination is associated with negative patient outcomes and significant cost. Culture procedures for positive blood cultures should focus on rapid identification of true pathogens. If multitarget molecular panels are not available, laboratories may use a variety of rapid biochemical testing methods for presumptive identification and reporting, followed by confirmatory testing on recovered isolates. Additionally, laboratories may utilize matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry for rapid identification directly from positive blood culture bottles. Rapid, presumptive identification of true pathogens, particularly those with infection control risks, should be prioritized.
Blood Cultures: Postanalytical Considerations
Authors: Kamboj Kamal , Balada‐Llasat Joan‐Miquel
Published: January 2025

Blood cultures represent a critical tool for health care professionals as a means of detecting the presence of microbial organisms in the bloodstream of an infected individual. The presence of microorganisms in the bloodstream constitutes a serious situation that warrants timely and accurate identification of the microorganism(s) present. The Gram stain result of a positive blood culture is the important initial information that helps the clinician optimize empiric antimicrobial treatment. Blood culture contaminants are a major source of frustration for the clinician and laboratory personnel alike. The increased use of central venous catheters and other indwelling devices puts patients at elevated risk for bacteremia, often due to contamination or colonization of the line or hardware with cutaneous microbiota or environmental organisms. Interpretation of culture results for patients with indwelling devices in place is challenging. This procedure will address postanalytical processing for blood cultures, including reporting of results, interpretation, limitations, report archiving, consultation, and specimen storage.
Broad‐Range PCR and Emerging Technologies for the Direct Detection of Microorganisms from Blood Specimens
Authors: Green Daniel A.
Published: January 2025

Broad‐range PCR methods that amplify and sequence the 16S rRNA gene have been used for bacterial identification both from blood culture bottles and directly from whole blood. Applied to residual positive blood culture broth, broad‐range PCR has been shown to increase the detection of clinically significant bacteria when combined with routine culture, although higher rates of contaminating organisms may also be detected. Broad‐range PCR has also been demonstrated to have high concordance with conventional blood culture when performed on blood culture bottles incubated for 8 h prior to analysis. Multiple studies have evaluated the use of broad‐range PCR directly from whole blood samples. While blood culture remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections, its sensitivity is influenced by several variables, including the volume of blood collected, the timing of blood collection, and the growth characteristics of the microorganism(s).
MALDI‐TOF MS for Bacterial and Yeast Identification
Authors: Fisher Mark A. , Powers‐Fletcher Margaret
Published: January 2025

This chapter presents the procedure of MALDI‐TOF MS for bacterial and yeast identification. Identification of bacteria and yeasts in the clinical microbiology laboratory has traditionally relied on a combination of phenotypic characteristics, including Gram stain results, colony morphology, growth characteristics, and biochemical reactions. Sequencing of genes with both conserved and variable regions, such as rRNA genes, has enhanced the laboratory's capacity to accurately identify microorganisms with greater resolution for species‐level identification. The FDA‐cleared MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry databases for bacteria and yeasts are largely composed of aerobic species with much smaller subsets of anaerobes and yeasts. This procedure describes protocols for the application of MALDI‐TOF MS to routine bacterial and yeast identification in the clinical microbiology laboratory. The chapter also covers proper quality control principles for analytical tests. With postanalytical considerations, it provides attention to common test limitations, interpretive challenges, and results reporting.
Disk Diffusion from Positive Blood Culture
Authors: Kahlmeter Gunnar , Campeau Shelley
Published: January 2025

Methodologies from the CLSI and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) for performing disk diffusion directly from positive blood culture broth are based on standard disk diffusion, but with significant modifications to one or more of the following: inoculum, incubation times, reading instructions, and breakpoints. This procedure provides information for performing both the CLSI direct disk diffusion test and the EUCAST rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test (RAST) methods. For both CLSI and EUCAST, the identification of the genus and/or species, depending on which method is used, must be known before interpreting results, since breakpoints apply to specified organisms or organism groups. Positive blood culture broth with
Enterobacterales
or
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, within 0 to 18 h after blood culture has signaled positive. Positive bottles should be processed promptly, but if not, they should remain in the instrument until ready to proceed with the RAST method.
Broth Microdilution Test
Authors: Gamage Dulini , Chandrasekaran Sukantha , Carpenter Darcie E.
Published: January 2025

The broth microdilution MIC method is used to measure the
in vitro
activity of an antimicrobial agent against a bacterial isolate. A sterile multiwell plastic tray containing various concentrations of antimicrobialagents is inoculated with a standardized number of test bacteria. MICs obtained are interpreted as susceptible, susceptible dose‐dependent, intermediate, resistant, or nonsusceptible based on the criteria listed in the CLSI MIC standard. Infections caused by both staphylococci and streptococci with inducible clindamycin resistance may fail to respond to clindamycin therapy. Thymidine can interfere with performance of sulfonamides and trimethoprim. For
Streptococcus pneumoniae
with trimethoprim and sulfonamides Antagonists in the medium may allow some slight growth.
Gradient Diffusion Tests
Authors: Dwivedi Hari P. , Brocco Fabio , Matuschek Erika
Published: January 2025

A standardized inoculum of bacteria is swabbed onto the surface of a low‐thymine‐thymidine‐concentration, cation‐adjusted Mueller‐Hinton agar plate, in accordance with the ISO 16782 standard. Gradient diffusion test strips, i.e., strips containing a continuous gradient of antimicrobial concentrations, are placed on the agar surface. After overnight incubation, an elliptical zone of inhibition forms as the antimicrobial agent inhibits growth. The MIC is read where growth intersects the gradient test strip. MICs can be interpreted in categories based on the breakpoints established by breakpoint‐establishing agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the CLSI, or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The gradient test strips are commercial antimicrobial gradient products and are not specifically addressed in CLSI or EUCAST standards. The CLSI does acknowledge FDA‐cleared antimicrobial gradient tests that perform comparably to CLSI reference methods as acceptable for use in clinical laboratories.
Detection of VRSA, VISA, and Vancomycin‐Heteroresistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(hVISA)
Authors: Morrisette Taylor , Rybak Michael J.
Published: January 2025

Vancomycin‐resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(VRSA) and vancomycin‐intermediate
S. aureus
(VISA) can be detected using routine broth microdilution methods (BMD); the vancomycin agar screen test is another available method. Detection of VISA and VRSA isolates should preferentially be performed by BMD, agar dilution, or gradient diffusion methods. The detection of vancomycin heteroresistance in
S. aureus
(hVISA) is challenging and labor‐intensive, and it is complicated in the clinical realm by a lack of routine screening procedures. The presence of hVISA in clinical specimens has been associated with vancomycin treatment failures in some studies, but this is poorly validated clinically. The PAP‐AUC ratio is considered the gold standard method for detection of hVISA. The chapter covers proper quality control principles for analytical tests. With postanalytical considerations, it provides attention to common test limitations, interpretive challenges, and results reporting.
Agar Screen Test to Detect Vancomycin Resistance in
Enterococcus
spp.
Authors: Maris Alexander S. , Tao Lili
Published: January 2025

This chapter describes agar dilution screen test in detail. The vancomycin agar screen is used to detect vancomycin‐resistant enterococcal colonies that have been isolated from clinical or surveillance cultures. MIC and species identification tests are subsequently required to determine if the isolate is a true vancomycin‐resistant enterococcus (VRE). VRE isolates possess acquired vancomycin resistance determinants that may be horizontally transferred with infection prevention implications; such VRE isolates contrast with isolates possess chromosomally mediated intrinsic low‐level vancomycin resistance, which does not pose infection prevention concerns. The chapter covers proper quality control principles for analytical tests. With postanalytical considerations, it provides attention to common test limitations, interpretive challenges, and results reporting.