bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-parallel morphological divergence following colonization of a new host plant
Authors: Nilsson Kalle J. , Ortega Jesús , Friberg Magne , Runemark Anna
Published: June 2022

Adaptation to new ecological niches is known to spur population diversification and may lead to speciation if gene flow is ceased. While adaptation to the same ecological niche is expected to be parallel, it is more difficult to predict whether selection against maladaptive hybridization in secondary sympatry results in parallel divergence also in traits that are not directly related to the ecological niches. Such parallelisms in response to selection for reproductive isolation can be identified through estimating parallelism in reproductive character displacement across different zones of secondary contact. Here, we use a host shift in the phytophagous peacock fly Tephritis conura, with both host races represented in two geographically separate areas East and West of the Baltic Sea to investigate convergence in morphological adaptations. We asked (i) if there are consistent morphological adaptations to a host plant shift and (ii) if the response to secondary sympatry with the alternate host race is parallel across contact zones. We found surprisingly low and variable, albeit significant, divergence between host races. Only one trait, the length of the female ovipositor, which serves an important function in the interaction with the hosts, was consistently different between host races. Instead, co-existence with the other host race significantly affected the degree of morphological divergence, but the divergence was largely driven by different traits in different contact zones. Thus, local stochastic fixation or reinforcement could generate trait divergence, and additional evidence is needed to conclude whether divergence is locally adaptive.
Contract Incompleteness and the Boundaries of the Firm in Times of COVID-19
Authors: Bernasconi Marta , Galetti Sara , Gattai Valeria , Natale Piergiovanna
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we study the firm’s boundaries in times of COVID-19. Ownership and location decisions govern sourcing and shape firms’ boundaries. Adopting incomplete contracts theory/international economics perspective, we investigate the determinants of ownership and location decisions and explore COVID-19–induced changes in firms’ boundaries. Drawing on survey data from a sample of Italian firms, our estimates suggest that input specificity drives the ownership decision, whereas the location decision depends on productivity. Few firms re-consider sourcing because of the pandemic, suggesting a great deal of inertia in firm’s boundaries.
Patients with Chromosome 11q Deletions Are Characterized by Inborn Errors of Immunity Involving both B and T Lymphocytes
Authors: Huisman Elise J. , Brooimans A. Rick , Mayer Samone , Joosten Marieke , de Bont Louis , Dekker Mariëlle , Rammeloo Elisabeth L. M. , Smiers Frans J. , van Hagen P. Martin , Zwaan C. Michel , de Haas Masja , Cnossen Marjon H. , Dalm Virgil A. S. H.
Published: June 2022

Disorders of the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q) are rare and involve various chromosomal regions. Patients with 11q disorders, including Jacobsen syndrome, often present with a susceptibility for bacterial and prolonged viral and fungal infections partially explained by hypogammaglobulinemia. Additional T lymphocyte or granular neutrophil dysfunction may also be present. In order to evaluate infectious burden and immunological function in patients with 11q disorders, we studied a cohort of 14 patients with 11q deletions and duplications. Clinically, 12 patients exhibited prolonged and repetitive respiratory tract infections, frequently requiring (prophylactic) antibiotic treatment (n = 7), ear-tube placement (n = 9), or use of inhalers (n = 5). Complicated varicella infections (n = 5), chronic eczema (n = 6), warts (n = 2), and chronic fungal infections (n = 4) were reported. Six patients were on immunoglobulin replacement therapy. We observed a high prevalence of low B lymphocyte counts (n = 8), decreased T lymphocyte counts (n = 5) and abnormal T lymphocyte function (n = 12). Granulocyte function was abnormal in 29% without a clinical phenotype. Immunodeficiency was found in patients with terminal and interstitial 11q deletions and in one patient with terminal 11q duplication. Genetically, FLI1 and ETS1 are seen as causative for the immunodeficiency, but these genes were deleted nor duplicated in 4 of our 14 patients. Alternative candidate genes on 11q may have a role in immune dysregulation. In conclusion, we present evidence that inborn errors of immunity are present in patients with 11q disorders leading to clinically relevant infections. Therefore, broad immunological screening and necessary treatment is of importance in this patient group.
Associations between Student-Teacher Bonds and Oppositional Behavior Against Teachers in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Analysis from Ages 11 to 15
Authors: Valdebenito Sara , Speyer Lydia , Murray Aja Louise , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel
Published: June 2022

Prior research has found evidence for a positive effect of student-teacher bonds on children’s behavior. However, little research has investigated these relations following a transactional model of child development. This study investigated the bidirectional associations between student-teacher relationships and oppositional behaviors towards teachers using the ‘Zurich Project on the Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood’ (n = 1527; median ages 11, 13 and 15; 49% female). Results of a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model suggested that, among boys, positive student-teacher bonds at age 13 were associated with fewer teacher-reported oppositional behaviors two years later. The results indicated that negative interactions with teachers may be part of vicious cycles of poor relationships and increased levels of oppositional behavior, particularly for boys in late adolescence.
Protein kinase C-β distinctly regulates blood-brain barrier-forming capacity of Brain Microvascular endothelial cells and outgrowth endothelial cells
Authors: Kadir Rais Reskiawan A. , Alwjwaj Mansour , Bayraktutan Ulvi
Published: June 2022

Outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) provide an endogenous repair mechanism and thus maintain endothelial barrier integrity. As inhibition of protein kinase C-β (PKC-β) activity has been shown to attenuate endothelial damage in various pathological conditions including hyperglycaemia and ischaemic injury, the present study comparatively assessed the effect of LY333531, a PKC-β inhibitor, on the cerebral barrier integrity formed by OECs or human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). To this end, an in vitro model of human BBB established by co-culture of astrocytes and pericytes with either OECs or HBMECs was exposed to 4 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation with/out LY333531 (0.05 µM). The inhibition of PKC-β protected the integrity and function of the BBB formed by HBMECs, as evidenced by increases in transendothelial electrical resistance and decreases in sodium fluorescein flux. It also attenuated ischaemia-evoked actin cytoskeleton remodelling, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HBMECs. In contrast, treatments with LY333531 exacerbated the deleterious effect of ischaemia on the integrity and function of BBB formed by OECs while augmenting the levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cytoskeletal reorganisation in OECs. Interestingly, the magnitude of damage in all aforementioned parameters, notably oxidative stress, was lower with low dose of LY333531 (0.01 µM). It is therefore possible that the therapeutic concentration of LY333531 (0.05 µM) may neutralise the activity of NADPH oxidase and thus trigger a negative feedback mechanism which in turn exacerbate the detrimental effects of ischaemic injury. In conclusion, targeting PKC-β signalling pathway in ischaemic settings requires close attention while using OECs as cellular therapeutic.
Quantifying success share and plant density of direct seeding of Douglas fir using a hurdle negative binomial regression model
Authors: von Lüpke Nikolas , Sennhenn-Reulen Holger
Published: June 2022

In recent years, direct seeding as a means of stand establishment has experienced a revival. Among other things it allows for an undisturbed root development and is assumed to be cost-efficient. While success factors have been worked out through numerous experiments, sound overviews of success and failure in practice are scarce. With the goals of (i) quantifying the success proportion and (ii) extracting the associated influencing factors, we conducted an inventory of direct seedings of Douglas fir in Northern Germany and fitted a hurdle negative binomial regression model to the data. The results reveal a high variability of plant density within, as well as between stands. We could attribute these differences, and thus the success, to stocking degree of the shelter, seed amount and age. The model shows both, a high precision and accuracy, and respects previous physical and biological knowledge of the data-generating mechanisms.
Growth and yield responses of sunflower to drainage in waterlogged saline soil are caused by changes in plant-water relations and ion concentrations in leaves
Authors: Islam Mohammad Nazrul , Bell Richard W. , Barrett-Lennard Edward G. , Maniruzzaman Mohammad
Published: June 2022

Purpose

While well-designed drainage systems could improve crop growth and yield by mitigating waterlogging and salinity stresses, field evidence of the yield responses to changes in plant-water relations and ion concentrations in leaves is scarce. We investigated the changes in ion concentrations in leaves and plant-water relations of sunflower caused by drainage in waterlogged saline soil, and their relationships to growth and yield.

Methods

Over two growing seasons, we tested four drainage treatments: undrained, surface drains (SD; 0.1 m deep, 1.8 m apart), subsoil drains (SSD; 0.5 m deep, 4.5 m apart) and SSD + SD. All plots were inundated (2–3 cm depth; water salinity, ECw, 1.5–2.5 dS m–1) for 24 h at vegetative emergence and at the 8-leaf stage before opening drains.

Results

Relative to the most drained treatment (SSD + SD), the undrained treatment caused higher waterlogging at 0–30 cm depth, and decreased solute potential (Ψs) of soil at 7.5 cm to 52–374 kPa, leaf K+ by 5–20%, stomatal conductance by 5–37% and leaf greenness by 12–25%, but increased leaf Na+ by 25–70%, Na+/K+ ratio by 38–100% and leaf water potential by 90–250 kPa throughout the cropping season; these changes were closely related to reduced growth and yield.

Conclusions

The improved yield from the combination of shallow surface and sub-surface drains was attributed to an alleviation of salinity-waterlogging stress early in the season and to increased soil water late in the season that increased Ψs and decreased Na+/K+ ratio in leaves.
Effects of context and discrepancy when reading multiple documents
Authors: Schoor Cornelia , Rouet Jean-François , Britt M. Anne
Published: June 2022

On a daily basis, most people read about issues of interest from a diversity of sources. Moreover, the information they encounter frequently encompass discrepancies, ranging from minor inconsistencies to straight contradictions. Readers may construct coherent representations from discrepant contents by linking contents to their respective sources and connecting the sources with agree-disagree or other types of connectives. Across research studies, however, college-level readers' attention to sources has been found to vary according to individual, text and task dimensions. The present study tested the assumption that readers' strategies depend both on the discrepancy of the information and on the context in which the task is framed. Moreover, beliefs about science were included as potential moderator of context effects. One hundred and sixty university students were tasked to read about a series of social-scientific issues. The task was framed in either a university context or a personal context scenario. For each topic, the participants read two short texts which provided either consistent or discrepant information, and then they wrote a short overview essay. The university context had a significant impact on indicators related to a documents model representation (e.g., text switches, number of adversative connectors in the essay) and standards for presentation (e.g., time on the essay/task page, formal features of the essay). The data support a context-dependent view of reading comprehension, whereby both reading behavior and outcomes are primarily a function of the standards and goals set by the reader.
The effects of a negative economic shock on male marriage in the West Bank
Authors: Ragab Amr , Saad Ayhab F.
Published: June 2022

This study examines how a large negative economic shock impacts marriage rates for young men in the West Bank. Utilizing data from before and after the sudden and abrupt closure of the Israeli labor market for Palestinian commuters from the West Bank in 2001, our empirical design employs a difference-in-difference strategy and uses the variations in localities’ exposure to the Israeli labor market before the shock. The closure reduced the employment and income of adult men asymmetrically across localities. Our findings show that the closure caused a reduction in marriage rates among young men aged 19 to 29 years, as post-shock changes in marriage rates. Our results suggest that the adverse effect of the economic shock on male marriage is mediated through a combination of rising youth unemployment and rigid expectations about marriage costs.
UWB MIMO antenna with 4-element, compact size, high isolation and single band rejection for high-speed wireless networks
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Abo Sree Mohamed Fathy
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a miniaturized size UWB 4-element MIMO antenna with a band rejection feature is introduced. The four elements have a rectangular radiator with curved edges and a partial ground plane with an etched slot to enlarge the bandwidth of the suggested structure to operate from 3 up to 12 GHz with S11 ≤ − 10 dB. The high isolation between elements was achieved by forming the antennas orthogonally without adding decoupling elements to simplify the design. The suggested design has a size of 47 × 47 mm2 placed on low price FR4 substrate. A simple slot is etched into the radiator to achieve the desired band rejection. The simulated and tested outcomes achieved operated band extended from 3 up to 12 GHz with band rejection feature within 3.3  GHz up to 4.3 GHz to eliminate interference with WIMAX applications and high isolation of more than 22 dB between ports. Also, the antenna fulfills peak gain of 3.5 dBi, envelope correlation coefficient(ECC) < 0.005, diversity gain (DG) 9.98 dB and channel capacity loss (CCL) < 0.4 bit/s/Hz within the operating bands. The outcomes have good consistency which made the suggested antenna to be used in UWB MIMO systems.
A three-dimensional particle finite element model for simulating soil flow with elastoplasticity
Authors: Wang Liang , Zhang Xue , Lei Qinghua , Panayides Stelios , Tinti Stefano
Published: June 2022

Soil flow is involved in many earth surface processes such as debris flows and landslides. It is a very challenging task to model this large deformational phenomenon because of the extreme change in material configurations and properties when soil flows. Most of the existing models require a two-dimensional (2D) simplification of actual systems, which are however three-dimensional (3D). To overcome this issue, we develop a novel 3D particle finite element method (PFEM) for direct simulation of complex soil flows in 3D space. Our PFEM model implemented in a fully implicit solution framework based on a generalised Hellinger–Reissner variational principle permits the use of a large time step without compromising the numerical stability. A mixed quadratic-linear element is used to avoid volumetric locking issues and ensure computational accuracy. The correctness and robustness of our 3D PFEM formulation for modelling large deformational soil flow problems are demonstrated by a series of benchmarks against analytical or independent numerical solutions. Our model can serve as an effective tool to support the assessment of catastrophic soil slope failures and subsequent runout behaviours.
What Country, University, or Research Institute, Performed the Best on Covid-19 During the First Wave of the Pandemic?
Authors: Radanliev Petar , De Roure David , Walton Rob , Van Kleek Max , Santos Omar , Maddox La’Treall
Published: June 2022

In this article, we conduct data mining and statistical analysis on the most effective countries, universities, and companies, based on their output (e.g., produced or collaborated) on COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. Hence, the focus of this article is on the first wave of the pandemic. While in later stages of the pandemic, US and UK performed best in terms of vaccine production, the focus in this article is on the initial few months of the pandemic. The article presents findings from our analysing of all available records on COVID-19 from the Web of Science Core Collection. The results are compared with all available data records on pandemics and epidemics from 1900 to 2020. This has created interesting findings that are presented in the article with visualisation tools.
Skills-approximate occupations: using networks to guide jobs retraining
Authors: Waters Keith , Shutters Shade T.
Published: June 2022

An issue often confronting economic development agencies is how to minimize unemployment due to disruptions like technological change, trade wars, recessions, or other economic shocks. Decision makers are left to craft policies that can absorb surplus labor with as little pain to workers as possible. The questions they face include how to re-employ displaced workers and how to fill labor shortages. To address such questions, we quantify the proximity of any two occupations based on the skills inherent in each. Taking labor skills as nodes, we model US labor as a weighted network of interdependent skills, deriving link values from geographical patterns of skill co-occurrence. We use this network to locate occupations, measure their proximity to each other, and identify which missing skills may inhibit workers from easily transitioning from one occupation to another. Thus, given that an occupation is a bundle of skills, we use our skills network to help policy makers identify which other occupations are most proximate a worker’s current occupation. Finally, we apply our method to assess various worker retraining pathways for metropolitan Washington, DC, USA, whose economy was simultaneously disrupted by both the COVID-19 pandemic and the arrival of a second headquarters for Amazon.
Selbsteingeschätzte Religiosität, Interkulturelle Persönlichkeit und Ausländerfeindlichkeit
Authors: Genkova Petia , Schreiber Henrik , Hegemann Joana
Published: June 2022

Die Zusammenhänge zwischen ausländerfeindlichen Vorurteilen und Religiosität sind uneindeutig und widersprüchlich. Einerseits macht Religion Menschen durch den Anspruch an eine absolute Wahrheit empfänglicher für Vorurteile, andererseits propagieren die meisten großen Religionen prosoziales Verhalten. Bisherige empirische Arbeiten erklären die uneindeutigen Effekte von Religiosität durch unterschiedliche Formen von Frömmigkeit. Um einen Beitrag zum Verständnis des Zusammenhanges von Religiosität und Ausländerfeindlichkeit zu leisten und eine mögliche Moderatorvariable vorzustellen, untersucht diese Studie an Querschnittsdaten von Personen der deutschen Mehrheitsgesellschaft, inwiefern selbsteingeschätzte Religiosität Ausländerfeindlichkeit vorhersagt und ob dieser Zusammenhang von interkulturellen Persönlichkeitseigenschaften moderiert wird. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die selbsteingeschätzte Religiosität, die auch als religiöse Identität verstanden wird, einen zusätzlichen Erklärungsbeitrag zur Ausländerfeindlichkeit gegenüber der nationalen Identität leistet. Personen, die eine stark ausgeprägte interkulturelle Persönlichkeit haben, zeigen dabei keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang zwischen Religiosität und Ausländerfeindlichkeit, während bei Personen mit gering ausgeprägter interkultureller Persönlichkeit ein positiver Zusammenhang besteht. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass der Umgang mit der eigenen und fremden religiösen Identität dazu beitragen kann, ausländerfeindliche Vorurteile in Deutschland besser zu verstehen. Praktische und wissenschaftliche Implikationen werden diskutiert.
Methodological approaches for identifying competencies for the physiotherapy profession: a scoping review
Authors: Scodras Stephanie , Alsbury-Nealy Kyla , Colquhoun Heather , Yeung Euson , Jaglal Susan B. , Salbach Nancy M.
Published: June 2022

Physiotherapy competencies inform the education and regulation of the profession. Many different methods appear to be used to identify competencies and there is no consensus on optimal methods to identify competencies. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the methodological approaches used to identify competencies for the physiotherapy profession and summarize the nature of those competencies. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the grey literature from inception to June 2020. Two independent reviewers screened for empirical peer-reviewed articles that aimed to identify professional physiotherapy competencies. General study characteristics, competency characteristics (e.g., target practice area), and methodological characteristics (e.g., study population, data collection and analysis method for each methodological step) were extracted. Descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis were performed. Of the 9529 references screened, 38 articles describing 35 studies published between 1980 and 2020 were included. Orthopaedics (20.0%) was the most commonly targeted area of practice. Studies used one to eight methodological steps whose objective was to generate (16 studies), validate (18 studies), assign value (21 studies), refine (10 studies), or triangulate (3 studies) competencies, or to address multiple objectives (10 studies). The most commonly used methods were surveys to assign value (n = 20, 95%), and group techniques to refine competencies (n = 7, 70%). Physiotherapists with experience in the area of competence was the most commonly consulted stakeholder group (80% of studies). This review can provide methodological guidance to stakeholders such as educators and regulators that aim to identify professional competencies in the future.
Non-Deterministic Matrices: Theory and Applications to Algebraic Semantics
Authors: Golzio Ana Claudia de Jesus
Published: June 2022

We call multioperation any operation that return for even argument a set of values instead of a single value. Through multioperations we can define an algebraic structure equipped with at least one multioperation. This kind of structure is called multialgebra. The study of them began in 1934 with the publication of a paper of Marty. In the realm of Logic, multialgebras were considered by Avron and his collaborators under the name of non-deterministic matrices (or Nmatrices) and used as semantics tool for characterizing some logics which cannot be characterized by a single finite matrix. Carnielli and Coniglio introduced the semantics of swap structures for LFIs (Logics of Formal Inconsistency), which are Nmatrices defined over triples in a Boolean algebra, generalizing Avron’s semantics. In this thesis, we will introduce a new method of algebraization of logics based on multialgebras and swap structures that is similar to classical algebraization method of Lindenbaum-Tarski, but more extensive because it can be applied to systems such that some operators are non-congruential. In particular, this method will be applied to a family of non-normal modal logics and to some LFIs that are not algebraizable by the very general techniques introduced by Blok and Pigozzi. We also will obtain representation theorems for some LFIs and we will prove that, within out approach, the classes of swap structures for some axiomatic extensions of mbC are a subclass of the class of swap structures for the logic mbC.

Abstract prepared by Ana Claudia de Jesus Golzio.

E-mail: anaclaudiagolzio@yahoo.com.br

URL: http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/322436
Unfinished indigenous geographies: The endurances and becomings of a Sámi tourism venture
Authors: Granås Brynhild , Mathisen Line
Published: June 2022

For many years, and within the context of pre-pandemic tourism growth in the Norwegian Arctic, governmental institutions have had expectations that Sámi indigenous people of the north of Norway should engage more strongly in the tourism economy. What does it however imply for Sámi people to become agents in tourism and take ownership to tourism development? This paper attends to Sámi people who engage as entrepreneurs in tourism in Norwegian parts of Sápmi. We suggest ways to identify when and how indigeneity emerges as a topic and meaning dimension that makes a difference in the entrepreneurship process and discuss how Sáminess can mark the process in ambiguous ways. The current paper’s exploration is enabled by a qualitative co-creative study and detailed account of a Sámi tourism venture in a coastal town in Finnmark, Norway. The paper attends to the venture as part of the entrepreneurs’ life stories, everyday life, and material relational practices and explores the intrinsic geographies and histories to which their various relational practices connect the enterprise. Sámi entrepreneurships in tourism are considered in light of the unstable and changing ethnic qualities of places, through an approach that acknowledges the current transformative complexities of indigeneity. The analysis illuminates tourism entrepreneurs’ engagements in indigenously transgressive enactments of places and of Sámi culture and tells about vitalities and vulnerabilities involved in becoming indigenous agents in Arctic destinations.
Litter production in successional forests of southern Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Rocha Janaine Isabela da Silva , Magnago Luiz Fernando Silva , Piotto Daniel
Published: June 2022

Litter production plays an important role in the functioning of the ecosystem, providing several ecosystem services, such as nutrients cycling and carbon storage. We studied litter production patterns and its relationship with forest structure over a chronosequence of secondary forests in southern Bahia, Brazil. In the study area, 15 pairs of mature and secondary forest were used, in a chronological sequence, being 10, 25 and 40-year-old secondary forests and mature forests. Plots were created for the collection of aboveground biomass data, and within these plots, litter collectors were installed and monitored for 1 year. The results showed that litter production was lower in 10-year-old secondary forests when compared with older forests. On the other hand, in the 10-year-old forests, annual litter production represents 47.8% of the stored biomass, while in mature forests annual litter production represents only 4%. We found that structural variables (basal area, number of stems and canopy opening) influence significantly litter production, as well as litter as percentage of forest biomass. The study emphasizes the importance of biomass production through litterfall in regenerating tropical forests, and its importance for carbon storage and for the maintenance of ecosystem services.
Intelligent wearable system with accurate detection of abnormal gait and timely cueing for mobility enhancement of people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yang Bao , Li Ying , Wang Fei , Auyeung Stephanie , Leung Manyui , Mak Margaret , Tao Xiaoming
Published: June 2022

Previously reported wearable systems for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been focused on the detection of abnormal gait. They suffered from limited accuracy, large latency, poor durability, comfort, and convenience for daily use. Herewith we report an intelligent wearable system (IWS) that can accurately detect abnormal gait in real-time and provide timely cueing for PD patients. The system features novel sensitive, comfortable and durable plantar pressure sensing insoles with a highly compressed data set, an accurate and fast gait algorithm, and wirelessly controlled timely sensory cueing devices. A total of 29 PD patients participated in the first phase without cueing for developing processes of the algorithm, which achieved an accuracy of over 97% for off-line detection of freezing of gait (FoG). In the second phase with cueing, the evaluation of the whole system was conducted with 16 PD subjects via trial and a questionnaire survey. This system demonstrated an accuracy of 94% for real-time detection of FoG and a mean latency of 0.37 s between the onset of FoG and cueing activation. In questionnaire survey, 88% of the PD participants confirmed that this wearable system could effectively enhance walking, 81% thought that the system was comfortable and convenient, and 70% overcame the FoG. Therefore, the IWS makes it an effective, powerful, and convenient tool for enhancing the mobility of people with PD.
Evaluation of the ERA5‐Land Reanalysis Data Set for Process‐Based River Temperature Modeling Over Data Sparse and Topographically Complex Regions
Authors: Mihalevich Bryce A. , Neilson Bethany T. , Buahin Caleb A.
Published: June 2022

Models developed to capture underlying river processes over long historical periods and varying hydrologic conditions provide confidence for subsequent forecasting applications. However, many areas lack the weather data needed to develop process‐based models over these long periods. Climate reanalysis data sets (CRDs) are increasingly used as surrogates for historical meteorology, but their use in river temperature models is still relatively new and untested. Testing of temperature models using CRDs in rivers experiencing a range of instream flow, weather, and topographic conditions is needed to validate the application of these data sets. Focusing on the ERA5‐Land CRD, correction methods that relate weather variables and elevation were tested using weather stations surrounding and adjacent to the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Our findings show that elevation corrections improved air temperature and relative humidity, but negatively impacted wind speed estimates. Two‐year river temperature model simulations in a 387‐km segment of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon and a 576‐km segment of the Green River showed that using elevation‐corrected ERA5‐Land inputs produced lower mean errors at downstream river locations when compared to predictions using elevation‐corrected ground‐based inputs. Better river temperature predictions when using ERA5‐Land are attributed to the ability to represent spatial variability in weather conditions over these large areas. These promising results persisted when spatially coarsened ERA5‐Land inputs were used. This study highlights the importance of having spatially varying weather information, even at relatively coarse resolutions, when modeling physical processes over large spatial scales and suggests confidence in using CRDs for obtaining this information.
Non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in colorectal cancer: a review of clinical studies
Authors: Zaman Farzana Y. , Orchard Suzanne G. , Haydon Andrew , Zalcberg John R.
Published: June 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) chemoprevention is an area of interest. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are anti-inflammatory agents which have been identified as cancer chemoprevention agents given that inflammation is thought to contribute to tumorigenesis. Most studies have demonstrated that the NSAID, aspirin, plays a beneficial role in the prevention of CRC and colonic adenomas. Non-aspirin NSAIDs (NA-NSAIDs) have also been studied in CRC chemoprevention. There is increasing literature around their role in pre-cancerous polyp prevention and in decreasing CRC incidence and CRC-related outcomes in certain high-risk subgroups. However, the use of NA-NSAIDs may be accompanied by increased risks of toxicity. Further studies are required to establish the associations between concurrent aspirin and NA-NSAID use, and CRC-related outcomes.
Controlled masking and targeted release of redox-cycling ortho-quinones via a C–C bond-cleaving 1,6-elimination
Authors: Dunsmore Lavinia , Navo Claudio D. , Becher Julie , de Montes Enrique Gil , Guerreiro Ana , Hoyt Emily , Brown Libby , Zelenay Viviane , Mikutis Sigitas , Cooper Jonathan , Barbieri Isaia , Lawrinowitz Stefanie , Siouve Elise , Martin Esther , Ruivo Pedro R. , Rodrigues Tiago , da Cruz Filipa P. , Werz Oliver , Vassiliou George , Ravn Peter , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L.
Published: June 2022

Natural products that contain ortho-quinones show great potential as anticancer agents but have been largely discarded from clinical development because their redox-cycling behaviour results in general systemic toxicity. Here we report conjugation of ortho-quinones to a carrier, which simultaneously masks their underlying redox activity. C-benzylation at a quinone carbonyl forms a redox-inactive benzyl ketol. Upon a specific enzymatic trigger, an acid-promoted, self-immolative C–C bond-cleaving 1,6-elimination mechanism releases the redox-active hydroquinone inside cells. By using a 5-lipoxygenase modulator, β-lapachone, we created cathepsin-B-cleavable quinone prodrugs. We applied the strategy for intracellular release of β-lapachone upon antibody-mediated delivery. Conjugation of protected β-lapachone to Gem-IgG1 antibodies, which contain the variable region of gemtuzumab, results in homogeneous, systemically non-toxic and conditionally stable CD33+-specific antibody–drug conjugates with in vivo efficacy against a xenograft murine model of acute myeloid leukaemia. This protection strategy could allow the use of previously overlooked natural products as anticancer agents, thus extending the range of drugs available for next-generation targeted therapeutics.
HunCRC: annotated pathological slides to enhance deep learning applications in colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Pataki Bálint Ármin , Olar Alex , Ribli Dezső , Pesti Adrián , Kontsek Endre , Gyöngyösi Benedek , Bilecz Ágnes , Kovács Tekla , Kovács Kristóf Attila , Kramer Zsófia , Kiss András , Szócska Miklós , Pollner Péter , Csabai István
Published: June 2022

Histopathology is the gold standard method for staging and grading human tumors and provides critical information for the oncoteam’s decision making. Highly-trained pathologists are needed for careful microscopic analysis of the slides produced from tissue taken from biopsy. This is a time-consuming process. A reliable decision support system would assist healthcare systems that often suffer from a shortage of pathologists. Recent advances in digital pathology allow for high-resolution digitalization of pathological slides. Digital slide scanners combined with modern computer vision models, such as convolutional neural networks, can help pathologists in their everyday work, resulting in shortened diagnosis times. In this study, 200 digital whole-slide images are published which were collected via hematoxylin-eosin stained colorectal biopsy. Alongside the whole-slide images, detailed region level annotations are also provided for ten relevant pathological classes. The 200 digital slides, after pre-processing, resulted in 101,389 patches. A single patch is a 512 × 512 pixel image, covering 248 × 248 μm2 tissue area. Versions at higher resolution are available as well. Hopefully, HunCRC, this widely accessible dataset will aid future colorectal cancer computer-aided diagnosis and research.
Biodegradable porous micro/nanoparticles with thermoresponsive gatekeepers for effective loading and precise delivery of active compounds at the body temperature
Authors: Thananukul Kamonchanok , Kaewsaneha Chariya , Opaprakasit Pakorn , Zine Nadia , Elaissari Abdelhamid
Published: June 2022

Stimuli-responsive controlled delivery systems are of interest for preventing premature leakages and ensuring precise releases of active compounds at target sites. In this study, porous biodegradable micro/nanoparticles embedded with thermoresponsive gatekeepers are designed and developed based on Eudragit RS100 (PNIPAM@RS100) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) via a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The effect of initiator types on the polymerization of NIPAM monomer/methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) crosslinker was investigated at 60 °C for thermal initiators and ambient temperature for redox initiators. The crosslinked PNIPAM plays a key role as thermal-triggered gatekeepers with high loading efficiency and precise release of a model active compound, Nile Blue A (NB). Below the volume phase transition temperature (TVPT), the gatekeepers possess a swollen conformation to block the pores and store NB within the cavities. Above its TVPT, the chains rearrange, allowing gate opening and a rapid and constant release rate of the compound until completion. A precise “on–off” switchable release efficiency of PNIPAM@RS100 was demonstrated by changing the temperatures to 4 and 40 °C. The materials are a promising candidate for controlled drug delivery systems with a precise and easy triggering mechanism at the body temperature for effective treatments.
Early risk factors for anxiety disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: results from the ELENA Cohort
Authors: Dellapiazza Florine , Michelon Cécile , Picot Marie-Christine , Baghdadli Amaria
Published: June 2022

Anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) negatively affects their social interactions, and quality of life. It is necessary to identify early risk factors for anxiety to tailor prevention and interventions. We aimed to examine the clinical level of anxiety in children with ASD from 5 to 10 years of age and identify potential early risk factors 3 years earlier. Participants were ASD children included in ELENA, a French prospective cohort. In this study, we used the collection of data at Time 1-T1 (at baseline) and Time 2-T2 (3 years after T1). Two groups were identified at T2 according to the threshold for anxiety on the CBCL: ASD-only group and ASD + anxiety group. Our results showed that half of the children in our sample had a clinical level of anxiety at T2. Regression analysis showed that greater ASD severity and lower sensory processing difficulties predicted lower anxiety, whereas higher levels of restricted and repetitive behaviours tended to predict higher levels of anxiety. The high prevalence of clinical-level anxiety in our sample suggests the need for specific assessment and targeted treatment of anxiety on a routine basis.
Analysing oxygen reduction electrocatalysis on transition metal doped niobium oxide(110)
Authors: Abraham Christina Susan , Anand Megha , Kelly Sara R. , Wang Zhenbin , Nørskov Jens K.
Published: June 2022

Transition metal doped into Nb2O5(110) improves the conductivity of the system but has negligible influence on the ORR activity.
Convenient synthesis of tricyclic N(1)–C(2)-fused oxazino-indolones via [Au(i)] catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of allenes
Authors: Pedrazzani Riccardo , Pinosa Emanuele , Bertuzzi Giulio , Monari Magda , Lauzon Samuel , Ollevier Thierry , Bandini Marco
Published: June 2022

A new [Au(i)] catalyzed intramolecular hydrocarboxylation of allenes is presented as a valuable synthetic route to oxazino-indolones.
Effects of sidechain isomerism on polymer-based non-covalent protein delivery
Authors: Barrios Alfonso , Milan Mario , Perozo Elianny , Hossen Md Lokman , Chapagain Prem , Moon Joong Ho
Published: June 2022

Polymer sidechain isomerism significantly influences intracellular protein delivery due to altered planarity of the functional group.
Dynamic combinatorial libraries of a dimercapto-pillar[5]arene
Authors: Luo Jinwen , Guo Yunlong , Li Ping , Sue Andrew C.-H. , Cheng Chuyang
Published: June 2022

An A1/A2-dimercapto-pillar[5]arene has been synthesized and trimeric macrocycles consisting of two pairs of enantiomers were isolated. A slow oxidation experiment revealed that the generation of trimeric macrocycles is step by step.
Stereoselective insertion of cyclopropenes into Mg–Mg bonds
Authors: Rekhroukh Feriel , Zhang Linxing , Kong Richard Y. , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R.
Published: June 2022

The stereoselective reaction of cyclopropenes with compounds containing Mg–Mg bonds is reported.
Effects of structurally – related impurities on the crystal growth of curcumin spherulites
Authors: Heffernan Claire , Soto Rodrigo , Ukrainczyk Marko , Zeglinski Jacek , Hodnett Benjamin K. , Rasmuson Åke C.
Published: June 2022

The crystal growth of curcumin in pure 2-propanol containing two structurally related impurities, demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), has been investigated by seeded isothermal desupersaturation experiments at 283, 293 and 308 K.
Influence of reaction temperature and stoichiometry on the coordination mode of a multidentate pyridylpyrazole ligand in Co(ii) complexes: from a 0D mononuclear structure to 3D frameworks
Authors: Zhang Ling-Mei , Feng Chao , Yang Yu-Meng , Huang Huan-Huan , Zhang Guo-Ning , Wang Yu-Cheng , Zhao Hong
Published: June 2022

Three Co(ii) coordination polymers with different dimensionality have been successfully constructed under controlled conditions by changing the reaction temperature and stoichiometry.
Electronic structure optimization boosts Pd nanocrystals for ethanol electrooxidation realized by Te doping
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wang Kangqiang , Zhang Mingqing , Chen Ting , Li Luyan , Shi Shuhua , Jiang Rongyan
Published: June 2022

Te doping greatly modifies the electronic structure of Pd and promotes the electrocatalytic performance towards EOR.
Electronic structure, cold ion–atom elastic collision properties and possibility of laser cooling of BeCs+ molecular ion
Authors: Ladjimi Hela , Zrafi Wissem , Farjallah Mohamed , Bejaoui Mohamed , Berriche Hamid
Published: June 2022

We highlight the spectroscopic and electronic structure of BeCs+ ion, theoretically investigating ground and low lying excited states as well as the cold ion–atom elastic collisions proprieties and laser cooling possibility.
Quantifying the ion coordination strength in polymer electrolytes
Authors: Andersson Rassmus , Hernández Guiomar , Mindemark Jonas
Published: June 2022

Quantitative determination of the cation coordination strength to the ligands in polymer electrolytes and its correlation to the ion transport.
Modulating the thermodynamics, kinetics and photochemistry of 7-diethylamino-4′-dimethylaminoflavylium in water/ethanol, SDS and CTAB micelles
Authors: Araújo Paula , Oliveira Joana , Basílio Nuno , Parola A. Jorge , de Freitas Victor , Pina Fernando
Published: June 2022

The thermodynamics and kinetics of 7-diethylamino-4′-dimethylaminoflavylium are dramatically modulated in SDS and CTAB micelles. Photochromism was only observed in the presence of CTAB micelles.
Coupling of plasmonic nanoparticles on a semiconductor substrate via a modified discrete dipole approximation method
Authors: Carvalho Diogo F. , Martins Manuel A. , Fernandes Paulo A. , Correia M. Rosário P.
Published: June 2022

A semi-analytical method based on DDA is reported to simulate with very low computational times the far-field and near-field properties of large arrays of metallic NPs, considering the NP coupling, and the effect of a semiconductor substrate.
Sonogashira coupling of the ethynyl monocarborane [CB11H11-12-CCH]−
Authors: Liu Fan , Chen Tao , Zhang Kang , Jiang Tao , Liu Jiyong , Duttwyler Simon
Published: June 2022

The Sonogashira coupling of 12-ethynyl monocarborane with bromoarenes provides access to aryl carboranyl alkynes with high functional group tolerance.
Diastereoselectively self-sorted low-symmetry binuclear metallomacrocycle and trinuclear metallocage
Authors: Mishra Srabani Srotoswini , Chand Dillip Kumar
Published: June 2022

The complexation of an unsymmetrical bis-monodentate ligand with cis-protected Pd(ii) and naked Pd(ii) separately resulted in exclusively selevctive isomers of binuclear and trinuclear complexes.
Probing the emission dynamics in nitrogen-doped carbon dots by reversible capping with mercury(ii) through surface chemistry
Authors: Roy Dipayan , Das Antika , Roy Rajarshi , Das Dimitra , Kumar Das Bikram , Ghorai Uttam Kumar , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar , Sarkar Sourav
Published: June 2022

Synopsis: PL emission centre determination of N-CQDs by a reversible quenching mechanism.
On the energetics of binding and hydride exchange in the RuH2(H2)2[P(C5H9)3)]2 complex as revealed by inelastic neutron scattering and DFT studies
Authors: Albinati A. , Grellier M. , Ollivier J. , Georgiev P. A.
Published: June 2022

Low temperature quantum rotation of dihydrogen in RuH2(H2)2[P(C5H9)3)]2 switched to a facile hydride exchange above 150 K.
Simple one-pot synthesis of manganese dioxide modified bamboo-derived biochar composites for uranium(vi) removal
Authors: Chen Xinchen , Wang Yun , Lv Jianqi , Feng Zihao , Liu Yuting , Xia Hongtao , Li Yang , Wang Changfu , Zeng Kai , Liu Yan , Yuan Dingzhong
Published: June 2022

Exploitation of bamboo-derived biochar offers a lucrative opportunity for using moso bamboo due to its short growth cycle, large quantity and universality.
Biosynthesis of pyrroloindoline-containing natural products
Authors: Sun Chenghai , Tian Wenya , Lin Zhi , Qu Xudong
Published: June 2022

Recent research on the biosynthesis of pyrroloindoline-containing natural products, including studies investigating their biosynthetic mechanisms and engineering biosynthetic pathways to produce novel products.
Near-infrared fluorescent probes based on a quinoxaline skeleton for imaging nucleic acids in mitochondria
Authors: Peng Hai-Yan , Zhang Gang , Xu Yu-Jie , Sun Ru , Ge Jian-Feng
Published: June 2022

Two probes capable of OFF–ON imaging mitochondrial nucleic acids in HeLa cells were designed and synthesized.
Polystyrene-supported neutral lithium receptor for the recovery of high-purity LiPF6 from simulated degraded electrolyte
Authors: Huang Sheng-Yin , Wang Hu , Celio Hugo , Khashab Niveen M. , Page Zachariah A. , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: June 2022

Immobilization of a neutral lithium selective receptor, bis-dicyclohexylacetamide (BDCA), onto a polystyrene resin allows for the catch and release of LiPF6 through solvent polarity switching.