bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canada
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: January 2021

This Technical Note on Financial Safety Net and Crisis Management for the Canada focuses on housing finance. Housing finance is broadly resilient, but pockets of vulnerabilities exist. Mortgage finance is dominated by domestic systemically important financial institutions (D-SIFIs) and supported by the government via mortgage insurance, securitization guarantees, and other policies. With a market share of about 70 percent, D-SIFIs focus on prime borrowers, and their lending is backed by their strong balance sheets. The cost of prime mortgage financing is low and little differentiated, with credit risk being under-priced in some segments. Aspects of Canada’s mortgage finance may amplify procyclical effects of falling house prices during severe downturns. Core lenders focus on low-risk mortgage lending. In response to deteriorating household debt-servicing capacity, they may constrain new lending or renewals of maturing uninsured mortgages, potentially adding pressures on the housing market. Alternatively, a sudden adoption of risk-based pricing to accommodate financially weak borrowers might amplify household debt servicing fragility.
Individual Treatment Effects of Budget Balance Rules
Authors: Caselli Francesca , Stoehlker Daniel , Wingender Philippe
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates the heterogenous effects of budget balance rules on fiscal policy in a large sample of countries. To derive country-specific treatment effects of fiscal rules and conduct inference, we use a Synthetic Difference-in-Differences Method. Our results indicate that countries with a budget balance rule improve their fiscal balance on average by around 3 percent after its introduction. However, our results also illustrate the importance of going beyond the average treatment effect, as it masks significant heterogeneity in the country-specific impact of the rule. We find that countries that would have had large deficits in the absence of the fiscal rule exhibit positive treatment effects, thus reducing their budget deficits. On the other hand, countries with budget surpluses respond to fiscal rules by reducing their budget surplus and moving closer to the numerical target of the rule. Our results also suggest that rules’ design matters: a small overall number of fiscal rules, and the presence of a monitoring process outside the government, especially at the supra-national level, improve significantly the effectiveness of the rules.
Identifying Reform Priorities
Authors: Hellwig Klaus-Peter
Published: January 2021

Can countries improve their business climate through reforms in specific policy areas? Kraay and Tawara (2013) find that the answer depends on how we measure the business climate. When regressing seven different business climate indices on 38 policy indicators, they find little agreement among the seven models as to which of those policy indicators matter most. I revisit this puzzle using the same data but replacing their linear models with a Random Forest algorithm. I find a strong consensus across models on the importance ranking of policy indicators: No matter which business climate index is considered, the top ten contributors to a better business climate always include high recovery rates in insolvency proceedings (i.e., cents on the dollar for creditors), shorter border formalities for both importers and exporters, and low costs for starting a business. I show that the marginal effect of reforms is heterogeneous across countries and document how reform priorities depend on country specific circumstances.
Sovereign Debt Standstills
Authors: Hatchondo Juan Carlos , Martinez Leonardo , Sosa Padilla Cesar
Published: January 2021

As a response to economic crises triggered by COVID-19, sovereign debt standstill proposals emphasize debt payment suspensions without haircuts on the face value of debt obligations. We quantify the effects of standstills using a standard default model. We find that a one-year standstill generates welfare gains for the sovereign equivalent to a permanent consumption increase of between 0.1% and 0.3%, depending on the initial shock. However, except when it avoids a default, the standstill also implies capital losses for creditors of between 9% and 27%, which is consistent with their reluctance to participate in these operations and indicates that this reluctance would persist even without a free-riding or holdout problem. Standstills also generate a form of “debt overhang” and thus the opportunity for a “voluntary debt exchange”: complementing the standstill with haircuts could reduce creditors’ losses and simultaneously increase welfare gains. Our results cast doubts on the emphasis on standstills without haircuts.
Small and Vulnerable
Authors: Chen Sophia , Lee Do
Published: January 2021

We provide broad-based evidence of a firm size premium of total factor productivity (TFP) growth in Europe after the Global Financial Crisis. The TFP growth of smaller firms was more adversely affected and diverged from their larger counterparts after the crisis. The impact was progressively larger for medium, small, and micro firms relative to large firms. It was also disproportionally larger for firms with limited credit market access. Moreover, smaller firms were less likely to have access to safer banks: those that were better capitalized banks and with a presence in the credit default swap market. Horseraces suggest that firm size may be a more important and robust vulnerability indicator than balance sheet characteristics. Our results imply that the tightening of credit market conditions during the crisis, coupled with limited credit market access especially among micro, small, and medium firms, may have contributed to the large and persistent drop in aggregate TFP.
Statement by the Managing Director on the Work Program of the Executive Board Executive Board Meeting
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: January 2021

As the COVID-19 crisis continues to unfold, uncertainty remains exceptionally high. The Fund has provided extraordinary financial support as well as timely analysis and policy advice during the first phase of the crisis, but additional efforts are needed to help members secure a durable exit, minimize long-term scarring, and build a more sustainable and resilient economy. Against this backdrop, and in line with the strategic directions laid out in the Fall 2020 Global Policy Agenda and the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) Communiqué, this Work Program puts forward a prioritized Board agenda for December 2020 to June 2021, focused on activities of most critical importance to our members.
Efektifitas Pemberian Kompres Tepid Water Sponge dan Pemberian Kompres Bawang Merah Terhadap Penurunan Suhu Tubuh Anak Demam di Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Rifaldi Ibnu , Wulandari Dewi Kartika
Published: January 2021

Masalah kesehatan anak merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam bidang kesehatan yang saat ini menjadiprioritas di Indonesia. Salah satu gejala yang sering sekali terjadi pada anak adalah demam. Peningkatan suhutubuh banyak terjadi pada anak karena sistem pertahanan tubuhnya masih lemah, rentan terpapar bakteri atau virussehingga mudah terkena demam. Demam dapat membahayakan keselamatan anak jika tidak ditangani dengancepat dan tepat, serta dapat menimbulkan komplikasi lain seperti, hipertermi, kejang dan penurunan kesadaran.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbandingan pemberian intervensi untuk mengurangi demam pada anak,yaitu dengan Tepif Water Sponge dan Kompres Bawang Merah. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji Paired T-Testdengan rancangan Two group Pre test-Post test dengan sampel sebanyak 32 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanada perbedaan efektifitas antara kompres tepid water sponge dengan kompres bawang merah. Kompres tepidwater sponge bernilai mean sesudah perlakuan 36,65 oC sedangkan kompres bawang merah bernilai mean sesudahperlakuan 37,15 oC. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian kompres Tepid Water Sponge ternyata lebihefektif untuk menurunkan suhu tubuh dibandingkan dengan kompres bawang merah. Disarankan kepada orangtua untuk melakukan kompres Tepid Water Sponge terhadap anak demam sebelum menuju ke pelayanankesehatan lebih lanjut.

Kata kunci: Demam, Kompres Bawang Merah, Kompres Tepid Water Sponge, Suhu Tubuh
ANALISIS PERSEPSI DAN EKSPEKTASI MAHASISWA TERHADAP PERAN DAN FUNGSI DOSEN PEMBIMBING AKADEMIK
Authors: Kumalasari Intan -
Published: January 2021

Dosen pembimbing akademik merupakan narasumber yang paling tepat bagi mahasiswa untuk menyelesaikan prosespendidikannya. Dosen pembimbing juga dapat berperan sebagai motivator, konsultan dan kolaborator. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi dan ekspektasi mahasiswa terhadap peran dan fungsi dosen pembimbing akademikdi Poltekkes Palembang dengan menekankan pada dimensi tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance dan emphaty.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) dan dipetakan kedalam diagram kartesius.Pengukuran tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa secara keseluruhan menggunakan Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI). Sampelpenelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Poltekkes Palembang berjumlah 228 orang yang diseleksi dengan menggunakan teknikproportionale stratified random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner dengan skala likert dandianalisis menggunakan analisis tingkat kepentingan dan kepuasan pelanggan. Uji statistik menunjukkan atribut yangmemiliki kinerja paling memuaskan adalah penampilan pembimbing akademik dengan rerata 3,28, sedangkan atributatribut yang perlu diprioritaskan untuk diperbaiki adalah perhatian khusus kepada mahasiswa secara individual denganrerata sebesar 2,42. Melalui perhitungan CSI diperoleh nilai sebesar 73,7% (0,66-0,80). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa indekskepuasan mahasiswa terhadap peran dan fungsi pembimbing akademik berada pada kriteria memuaskan. Kinerja dosensebagai pembimbing akademik harus ditingkatkan dan menjadi perhatian dosen terutama pada beberapa atribut yaitukedekatan hubungan, perhatian terhadap kesulitan mahasiswa, sebagai pemberi informasi, dan memantau perkembanganakademik mahasiswa.Kata kunci: dosen pembimbing akademik, persepsi, ekspektasi mahasiswa.
Antimicrobial activity of Guava tree (Psidium Guajava) leaf extract and selected Commercial Antibiotics on Bacterial isolates from Kisubi Hospital
Authors:   , Serunjogi David
Published: January 2021

Abstract Background: Plant species such as the guava have been used in Uganda and elsewhere in the world to treat some of the medical conditions associated with bacteria, this is due to the increased number of drug resistant bacteria in the world. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of guava leaf extracts against some of the disease causing bacteria isolated from Kisubi hospital in Uganda is discussed. Methods: The guava leafs were collected from a plantation near Zika forest in Uganda (0°7′27″N 32°31′32″E / 0.12417°N 32.52556°E / 0.12417; 32.52556) and samples were put in a bag and transferred to the university laboratory where they were identified. The extracts were obtained by maceration using distilled water, 30%, 50% and 70 % methanol as the extraction solvents. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method. Results: Gram-negative Escherichia coli was sensitive to the plant extract and synthetic commercial drugs such as trimethoprim-sulfamethozole, ciprofloxacin, and Gentamicin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to all drugs. Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus were all sensitive to the plant extracts with measurable inhibition zones. Conclusion: The Guava tree leaf crude extracts have antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant bacteria. More studies should be carried out to know the potency and the concentration of different plant origin extracts.
GENDER BASED COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION OF
WOMEN IN HILL RURAL REGIONS OF UTTARAKHAND: A STUDY OF PAURI,
CHAMOLI AND RUDRAPRAYAG DISTRICT
Authors: KANDARI PRASHANT
Published: January 2021

The existence of gender gap in various socio-economic parameters is largely associated with regions such as hill rural regions of Uttarakhand which are underdeveloped and resource deprived. Various policy measures were implemented in these regions for reducing these gaps and simultaneously empowering women of these regions. Financial inclusion is one such policy initiatives which carried a holistic approach in development of a region and empowerment of its community along with focus on empowerment of weaker sections of the population. Financial inclusion has been the priority agenda for government mainly in 21 century and the major drive of financial inclusion was launched in August, 2014 which was named as the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). PMJDY aims to deliver banking services to every unbanked household and is based on the guiding principles of banking the unbanked, securing the unsecured, funding the unfunded and serving unserved and underserved areas. But as it is comprehensive policy measure the financial inclusion not only signifies access to/holding of bank account or credit or any such basic facility but also requires the effective and regular utilisation of these facilities. In this context the present study explores the existence of gender gap in context of financial inclusion in hill rural regions of Uttarakhand and discusses the factors which inhibit the financial inclusion of women.
The Development of Artificial Intelligence and Risks for the Implementation of Genocide and Mass Killings
Authors: Poghosyan Narek
Published: January 2021

This article illustrates the fact that the accelerating pace of technological development in recent years, in particular the use of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised serious concerns among experts that it, along with its advantages, can pose many dangers to mankind when machines think and make decisions for them. Particularly risky is that the development of AI and autonomous weapons can be used to target certain national, religious and racial groups, thereby increasing the risk of genocide and mass killings.
In the present day, when the global arms race using AI is a reality, many technologists are turning their attention to banning lethal autonomous weapons. In addition, in order to prevent the potential negative consequences of AI development, industry professionals have suggested the need to develop an AI code of ethics.
The creation of appropriate legislative mechanisms based on ethics and the protection of human rights has already become an urgent matter for mankind to prevent the possible risks posed by the development of robotics and artificial intelligence technology.
Since artificial intelligence is used to detect and prevent various types of crime, it is therefore necessary to use the opportunities provided by it to prevent genocide and mass murder.
IMPLEMENTASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDKAN AGAMA ISLAM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BELAJAR SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Durahman Nanang , Jakaria Deni Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Perkembangan Tekologi yang semakin canggih sudah selayaknya dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai bidang, salah satunya pada dunia pendidikan kini sudah saatnya adanya transformasi pembelajaran dengan menggunakan tekologi tersebut agar terciptanya pendidikan yang lebih efektif dan efisien. dan ini menjadi tuntutan bagi para pengajar dalam mengembangkan kemampunan penggunaan teknologi tersebut yang harus digunakan saat pembelajaran. Penerapan Media pembelajaran sangat penting dalam pembelajaran sebagai alat bantu dalam menyampaikan materi belajar agar lebih mudah diterima.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Menciptakan media pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas hasil pembelajaran siswa, dengan media pembelajaran dapat membantu siswa menyerap matari belajar lebih baik, Metode Pengembangan media pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE (Analisis,  Desain, Development, Implementasi, Evaluasi) yang dikembangkan oleh Dick and Carry pada tahun 1996 dan Sedangkan Metode Tahap pembuatan perangkat lunak dalam membuat Game Evaluasi menggunakan secara waterfall yang dikembangkan oleh Herbert D. Benington pada tahun 1956 yang terdiri dari analisa sistem, rancangan,  pengkodean program, pengujian sistem, dan pemeliharaan.

Kata Kunci : Media Pembelajaran, Teknologi, pendidikan
Effect of Workplace Physical Environment on the Productivity of Employees in Public Organization: A Study of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Jalingo Branch, Taraba State
Authors: Ali Yolah Saidu, , Obioma Hyginus* Onyeaghala , Eke Gift J.
Published: January 2021

This study sought to identify the effect of workplace physical environment on the productivity of employees. A case study approach was employed in this study and the Central Bank of Nigeria, Jalingo Branch served as the study area. The population of this study comprised of all the permanent staff of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Jalingo Branch which is made up of 70 employees; (executive’s staff cadre 10, senior staff 35 and Junior staff 25. The probability sampling technique was adopted to select elements from each cadre to give a sample frame of 60. Questionnaire that was validated and tested for reliability served as data collection instrument. Collected data were presented in frequency and percentage tables, and this formed the basis for data analysis. The null hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square statistical tool aided by SPSS version 23. Findings indicate that: Spacious physical work environment increases the productivity of employees. The productivity of employees increases in a work environment with availability of suitable equipment. Lastly, findings show that workplace environment with open communication increases employee productivity. Following the findings of this study, it is proposed that: organizations should provide spacious workplace physical environment for their employees because this substantially increases employees’ productivity. For the fact that the productivity of employees increases in a work environment with availability of suitable equipment, it means that organizations should act in accordance with this finding if they are to achieve employee productivity. Following the findings that work place environment with open communication increases productivity, it behooves on organizations to create work place environment charged with open communication and supportive to team spirit.
Physical Therapy Management in Femoral Ollier Disease
Authors: Ida Ayu Made Pradnyanini  , I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Ollier disease (OD) is a non-hereditary, an uncommon bone disorder that typically presented by multiple or unilateral enchondromatosis associated with the deformity of the extremities. This article describes a case of a patient with OD that contribute endochondral ossification of the femoral bone and the physical therapy management.Case Description: An eight years old female patient referred to physical therapy unit after resection of right femur enchondroma, had undergone surgery for bone lengthening with external fixation. Further, the patient has been undergone surgical intervention for the tibial enchondromatosis. Physical therapy management aimed to improve the range of motion, pain, gait pattern, and activity of daily living. After three sessions of intervention, the patient reported the improvement in the pain and range of motion of the right lower limb.Conclusion: The physical therapy management might improve the pain and lower limb range of motion after the surgical intervention in femoral OD.
Online Game Duration Associated to Neck Functional Disability in Esports Athletes
Authors: Dharma I Kadek Dwi Widhi , Andika Ni Wayan Teza , Dewi Ni Luh Anita Chandra , Paramurthi I.A. Pascha , Kurniawati Ida
Published: January 2021

Background: Online games are a form of online recreational activity that is very easy to access and can be played at any time. Playing online games for a long time can cause several disturbances, such as a neck's functional disorder. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the duration of playing online games and Neck Functional Disability among esports.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which was conducted in November-December 2019. The sample in this study is recruited from the esport community in Denpasar-Bali, with 62 respondents.

Results: The data from 62 people, the range of active esport activity duration was 12-24 months, and the duration of active playing games per day was 5-10 hours. Most respondents aged 18-21 years were 47 respondents (75.8%), and at the age of 22-25 years were 15 respondents (24.2%). More male respondents were 42 respondents (67.7%) than 20 female respondents (32.3%). Respondents in the 13-18 months category were 28 respondents (45.2%). Category 19-24 months as many as 16 respondents (28.8%), and category 6-12 months as many as 18 respondents (29.0%). There were 24 respondents in the neck disability categories (38.7%), 18 in the severe category (29.0%), and 20 in the mild category (32.3%).

Conclusion: Regardless of this study's limitations, respondents who participated actively in sports for a long period was associated with neck disabilities. Respondents who actively play online games for13-18 months and 19-24 months are associated with moderate and severe neck disabilities.
Explosive Power of Front Kick in The Perform of Martial Art Athletes
Authors: Prastowo Bayu , Safun Rahmanto
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Martial art is a new sport that first competed in the 18th Asian Games. The front kick techniques in matches are more often used than other techniques. This study aims to identify whether Contract-Relax Stretching (CRS) affects the athlete's front kick explosive power performance.

Methods: This study uses one group pre-test post-test design approach. The sample population was 30 respondents. Martial art athletes are given CRS.

Results: Analysis probability value shows significant p<0.001, whereas vertical jump test increased the explosive power performance from poor to average and average to good.

Conclusion: Performance of explosive power in the front kick of martial arts athletes increases after being given a CRS.
Most of America’s “Most Promising” AI Startups Have Immigrant Founders
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Huang Tina , Arnold Zachary , Zwetsloot Remco
Published: January 2021

Half of Silicon Valley’s startups have at least one foreign-born founder, and immigrants are twice as likely as native-born Americans to start new businesses. To understand how immigration shapes AI entrepreneurship in particular in the United States, Huang, Arnold and Zwetsloot analyze the 2019 AI 50, Forbes’s list of the “most promising” U.S.-based AI startups. They find that 66 percent of these startups had at least one immigrant founder. The authors write that policymakers should consider lifting some current immigration restrictions and creating new pathways for entrepreneurs.
Automating Cyber Attacks: Hype and Reality
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Buchanan Ben , Bansemer John , Cary Dakota , Lucas Jack , Musser Micah
Published: January 2021

Based on an in-depth analysis of artificial intelligence and machine learning systems, the authors consider the future of applying such systems to cyber attacks, and what strategies attackers are likely or less likely to use. As nuanced, complex, and overhyped as machine learning is, they argue, it remains too important to ignore.
PILOT PROJECT FOR ELECTRONIC REIMBURSEMENT SYSTEM FOR PHYSICIANS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wu Taiyin
Published: January 2021

A healthcare department in remove community of Indonesia aimed for reducing paperwork and improving the electronic system. As part of a pilot project, one aspect was replaced from manual to the electronic format. The proposed system was use of electronic form for claiming for fee reimbursement made by the physicians. The design of the system is intranet based and consisted of two separate portals. The first portal is for physicians and second portal is for billing clerk. The interface is user-friendly and packed with pre-defined codes set in several of its fields and sub-fields. The electronic form is also linked to a centralized database from which a physician can copy the existing patients record. For improving the system variance from individual needs, decision support algorithm is used. Whereas, for improving the system performance, machine learning algorithm is used. For data query, database query was designed. The relationship of columns in the database is displayed as a tabulated form to the user. In situation where a user selects a particular column, a filtered display mechanism displays those columns which satisfying the portion of the query already constructed. For obtaining data from the tabulated database, the SQL query is adapted. Rule-based knowledge inference model is utilized for reasoning about terminology and required domain knowledge. The inference used is algorithmic and helpful in performing all necessary tasks under the suitable billing circumstances. A survey is conducted with 35 physicians for judging their perception towards the system. Results of the survey indicate that most participants find the system suitable and better than the paper-based system in terms of several dimensions such as user friendliness, time saving, reducing errors, and accuracy.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FACE RECOGNITION METHOD
Authors: Pereira Paula , Kuhn Tanara
Published: January 2021

The increased use of face recognition techniques leads to the development of improved methods with higher accuracy and efficiency. Currently, there are various face recognition techniques based on different algorithm. In this study, a new method of face recognition is proposed based on the idea of wavelet operators for creating spectral graph wavelet transformation. The proposed idea relies on the spectral graph wavelet kernel procedure. In this proposed method, feature extraction is based on transformation into SGWT by means of spatial domain. For recognition purpose, the feature vectors are used for computation of selected training samples which makes the classification. The decomposition of face image is done using the SGWT. The system identifies the test image by calculating the Euclidean distance. Finally, the study conducted an experiment using the ORL face database. The result states that the recognition accuracy is higher in the proposed system which can be further improved using the number of training images. Overall, the result shows that the proposed method has good performance in terms of accuracy of the face recognition
FLOOD FORECASTING MODEL USING THE COMBINATION APPROACH
Authors: Weighuo Hu , He Hu
Published: January 2021

This paper reviews the qualities of a good flood forecasting model such as timeliness, accuracy, and reliability. The article reviews the current forecasting models which are based on fuzzy logic, artificial neural network, as well as combination. The combination approach is gaining popularity and is found to be more flexible, accurate, reliable, and highly efficient in terms of development and output.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STEEL CORROSION RESISTANCE
Authors: Zhang Chao , Yin Xiang , Qing Chun
Published: January 2021

The objective of the study was to conduct the comparative analysis of steel types corrosion resistance. Three selected steel types were used in the study. The selected types were structural steel, stainless steel, and MMFX steel. The methodology we adopted is that we evaluated the steel parts resistance towards corrosion by doing in-salt spray experiment and the immersion of aqueous solution of sodium chloride. For salt spray test, we used guidelines by ASTM B117. This practice provides a controlled corrosion environment which is used for exposing specimen to salt spray chamber. For immersion test, test specimens are analyzed at regular time interval as the first rust is appeared. For carbon steel, we used three specimen and mostly initial rust appeared in initial 13 to 15 hours. For stainless steel, inter granular corrosion were analyzed. The results show that the first cycle started after about 46 hours; the second cycle started about 1% and the third cycle started with the rage of about 2 to 30%. For MMFX 2 steel, the results show that for MMFX carbon steel, the chloride threshold ratio is about 6 times higher than black bars and more than double of other types. The conclusion of the study is that in big structures like bridges, the MMFX steel should be used.
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF SELECTED CLUSTER TECHNIQUE
Authors: David William , Bing Chang
Published: January 2021

The study is about wireless sensor networks which plays important role in modern human life. The wireless sensor networks pose crucial problem of energy consumption which is investigated in this study. Three types of cluster technique including K-means, Fuzzy, and SOM were analyzed in the present study based on 50 nodes and 100 nodes network. The results were compared based on various velocity m/s and percentage of energy decay in the network. The results show that among the three cluster techniques, the Fuzzy method turned out to be the most energy efficient method.
BUBBLE PREDICTION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EMERGING AND MATURE MARKETS
Authors: Lee Hyang , Park Jungyoung
Published: January 2021

By analyzing the financial bubbles, it can be observed that every bubble burst causes financial turmoil and severe economic recession. The paper utilize the technical analysis indicators for providing warning conditions for predicting the stock market bubbles. The significance of the technical analysis indicators are that they can provide early warning system for financial crisis and can help in avoiding such problems. We applied the early warning technical indicators to the stock market of US, South Korea, Brazil, China, Germany, and Japan for the period of 1995 to 2018. We also made comparison of the bubble warning conditions of emerging markets and the mature markets. The standard bubble warning conditions include K value 90, Bias 10%, and RSI value of 90.  Empirical results shows that mature market shows less degree of volatility and lowering the warning baseline can improve the accuracy of bubble predictions. Furthermore, results shows that mature markets bursting time is about 6 months while in emerging market, the time is reduced to only 3 months. These results also indicate that mature market has good antirisk ability compare to the emerging markets.
ANALYSIS OF RESTRUCTURING, AND RESCHEDULING OF THE DEBT
Authors: Aksoy Erdem , Dilek Gulfem
Published: January 2021

The paper investigates a semantic confusion about rescheduling and restructuring of a public debt. There issues are not related to the default. The rescheduling refers to the swap of debt towards long term and restructuring as a change in the denomination of the debt. The paper conducts empirical evidence for the swaps involved using the econometrics exercise. The findings of the paper are that a swap of short term replacing long term debt is continuously implemented by the central bank of Turkey. Lengthening the maturity of the debt seems to be covert policy of debt management. The paper reported that another covert policy is that bank often swap local debt for dollar or euro debt or change the currency issuance or restructure it. Even though, the bank is involved in these covert policies, the central bank is publishing this data and making no efforts for hiding such information. Thus, we assume that the rating agencies are aware about these debt transactions due to the fact that these transactions are conducted in market prices. The covert policies are good enough as they seems to be working and should be regarded as such without regard to their interest cost.
DIVIDEND POLICY DECISIONS AND SHARE PRICES RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Tiwari Shamik , Pal Debajyoti
Published: January 2021

Dividend policy is about a company’s decision related to the retention of profit and distribution of profit. In this study, the objective is to understand the effects of dividend policy on share prices for the selected companies in the Indonesian stock exchange. The findings of the study are that higher dividend yield stocks along with higher pre-tax risk adjusted returns give investor some compensation for the disadvantageous position of tax return. The findings are matching with the Brennan’s model (Brennan, 1970). The findings of the study also pointed out that increase in a company’s stock trading volume influence the share prices and investors who wanted current investment income owned shares in high dividend payout firms. Free cash flow is causing conflict between management and shareholders and this is another important finding of the study. Overall, results shows that a company’s dividend policy influence its share prices.
STUDY OF CONNECTION BETWEEN STOCK MARKET AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Derk Ngee
Published: January 2021

The focus of the study is to test the stock market performance influence on the economic growth for time series for the period of 2002 to 2018 on quarterly basis. In this study, the performance measures included standard deviation which is measure of volatility, total value traded shared as measure of liquidity, turnover ratio as measure of liquidity, and stock market capitalization ratio as a measure of the size. The focus of the study is the Malaysian stock exchange market. The study utilized real GDP as an indicator of economic growth. The exchange rate and the interest rates are used as control variables. The study used Vector Autoregressive model and the Granger causality test are utilized for finding the directional relationship between the stock market and economic growth connection. Results states that variables are statistically insignificant and there is no meaningful relationship found.
A STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH ON RESILIENCE AND HAPPINESS
Authors: Malambo Holden , Hachombwa Chitinti
Published: January 2021

The objective of the present scholarly work was to test the relationship between mental health, resilience, and happiness among the high school students. The study was conducted in a private school student from Tanzania. The sampling was based on random sampling technique. The design of the study is survey based cross-sectional research design. The correlation results show that mental health, happiness, and resilience are positively associated. The findings lead to the conclusion that if an individual possess sound mental health, so his/her resilience will be improved and he/she will be in better position to adjust in different situations.
AN EXAMINATION OF RECENT TRENDS, COMPOSITION AND TRADE INTENSITY OF NIGERIA-BRAZIL BILATERAL RELATIONS
Authors: Ibrahim Kabiru Hannafi
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the trends, composition and trade intensity of Nigeria-Brazil bilateral trade relations for the period 2000-2017. Tables, graphs, and trade intensity index were employed. The results indicate that Nigeria's trade with Brazil has significantly recorded impressive growth. However, the share of major products exported to Brazil over the period remained insignificant with the exception of mineral fuels. The results further show that the share of major products imported from Brazil is significant, indicating that Brazilian exports to Nigeria are more diversified than that of Nigeria's export to Brazil. The trade intensity index indicates high trade intensities between the countries and the high possibility of increasing bilateral trade flow. Based on these findings, the study recommends the need for Nigeria’s export to be restructured in order to reduce the prevailing role of mineral fuels to Nigeria's exports through diversification and identification of new export opportunities in Brazilian markets.
BANKS’ LENDING PREFERENCES AND SME CREDIT IN PAKISTAN: EXPERIENCE AND WAY FORWARD
Authors: Ilyas Saddam
Published: January 2021

This analysis builds on the evidence that Pakistani banks (as of June 2017) have sufficient financial resources to lend at levels that would be helpful for SMEs at large. Channelization of this excess banking liquidity to SMEs can lead to investment in innovative and lucrative projects to stimulate employment and growth in a number of important industries. However, banks are found reluctant to finance to SMEs owing the opacity issues and related risk. Mitigation od this problem nonetheless demand that banks should take leaps in adopting progressive/modern lending techniques (which bode well for the modern financing needs of SMEs) banks (without compromising on risk and return) can more adequately address SME credit constraints.
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE AS PREDICTOR OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
Authors: Kolawole Adegoko , Abimbola Ademola
Published: January 2021

The focus of this study was to test if International development assistance bring any change in the Nigerian economy. The data was based on the foreign aid inflow for the period of 1986 to 2016. Stationarity of data is established using the unit root test. For testing the direction of causality, short run and long run dynamic relationship between independent and dependent variables, Granger Causality Procedure, Johansen Co-Integration and Error Correction Model is utilized. Finding indicate that International development assistance bring improvement in the Nigerian economy. Furthermore, long run equilibrium relationship between official development assistance and economic growth is established in this study.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY (HOTELS) IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WA MUNICIPALITY IN GHANA
Authors: Ampofo Justice Agyei
Published: January 2021

Hotel industry is one of the lucrative ventures which provide a lot of services to people. It has globally aided many countries in terms of revenue generation. A country’s revenue system can work effectively if the hotel industry pays their tax rate allocated to them. The hotel industry provides services like accommodation, food, entertainment and health and fitness to people. The objective of the study was to find out the role of the hotel industry in the development of Wa Municipality in the Upper West Region of Ghana. All the workers of the selected hotels in Wa Municipality constituted the sample. Four hotels were selected for the study by the use of systematic and simple random sampling. Sixty (60) respondents were selected for the study. The study found out that the hotel industry of Wa Municipality in the Upper West Region of Ghana provide jobs for people, provide accommodation for visitors, support revenue generation of Wa Municipal Assembly. The study further found out that the hotel industry in Wa is faced with challenges such as energy crises, high tax rate, high water and electricity bills. The study recommends that the government of Ghana should reduce the tax rate of the hotel industry, reduce the electricity and water bills of hotels, and provide a good regulatory framework to enhance their operations.
A BRIEF STUDY OF TRADE GUILDS IN ANDHRA FROM 1300 AD TO 1600 AD
Authors: Ravi P. , Venkatachalapathy M.
Published: January 2021

The period between to 13th century AD and 16th century AD is very crucial in the political history of South India general and especially in the history of Andhrapradesh. Because the first part of the 14th century (1323 AD) witnessed the Muslim invasions which cast for the rise of revolts by the federated of the chief Kakatiyas to liberated Andhradesa from the Muslim leaders when the Andhra region caught in political disturbances. It impact on the socio-economic spheres of the period, the conditions of trade and commerce became a setback. After freed the Andhradesa from the Muslim conquers, the socio-economic conditions became slowly as use well. Naturally the trade and commerce especially internal & external trade with foreign countries slowly gained economic profits the trade and merchant guilds were also moved towards in progress. So the present paper is focussed on a brief study of trade guilds in Andhra (1300 AD to 1600 AD) is discussed briefly.
COMPUTER INTERACTIVE TEACHING TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY.
Authors: Nguyen Thanh thi , Le Tung Huy , Nguyen Lac Xuan
Published: January 2021

Virtual reality technology currently tends to develop and apply strongly in all areas of social life. Therefore, the application of virtual reality technology in education and training is becoming more and more urgent. If we know how to effectively exploit and apply virtual reality technology to the design of the education and training process, the teaching of teachers and the acquisition of learners' knowledge will become easy, born dynamic. However, in order to achieve high efficiency, it is necessary to have a creative, flexible and appropriate application based on the actual conditions of each field, each school, the learning ability of learners, the ability to use using modern teaching facilities of teachers, specific subjects
Hassan ibn Thabit: An Original Arabic Tongue (2)
Authors: DAHAMI YAHYA SALEH HASAN
Published: January 2021

As it is suggested and recommended in the first part of a previous paper that carries the same title, this paper is a continuous effort not to claim to be wide-ranging in mastering a poetic piece as one sort of expressive manuscript in Arabic but an impartial effort through analytical assessment of a poem. The study is limited to a few selected verses of Hassan ibn Thabit poem named ‘Al Alef rhymed (????? ?????).’ It is a representative of the Arabic tongue and its magnificence. It is a piece of poetry that cannot be examined and scrutinized in a short paper like this.The study focuses, with analysis, on six verse lines – 17/22 – of Hassan ibn Thabit's poem mentioned above. It employs an analytical and critical method, makes an effort to illustrate the inspiration of Arabic poetry as a means of the tongue and its grandeur and glory. The study initiates with an introduction raising the importance of Arabic classical poetic tongue. Then it goes go forward to give a picture of Hassan ibn Thabit as a man and a poet. The researcher, then, shifts to the foremost segment of the study, attempting to bring an interpretation to some selected verses of Hassan’s above-mentioned long poem. The paper reaches its conclusion by a concise discussion and recommendatory afterword.
MODERN SAUDI POETRY: MOHAMMAD HASAN AWWAD’S NIGHT AND ME, IN BALANCE
Authors: DAHAMI YAHYA SALEH HASAN
Published: January 2021

Arabic poetry is the heart of all types of literature in all Arabic realms. Consistent with this generalization, it can be right that the development of poetry in the modern age, among Arabs, is a positive measure. At that argument, the same would be focused on modern Saudi literature since it is typically considered a central, authoritative, and undivided part of Arabic poetry.
In this paper, the researcher has attempted to illustrate some literary aspects of modern Arabic poetry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as an instance of the greatness of Arabic poetry with a particular reference to a contemporary Saudi poet. The study starts with an introduction to the condition of poetry in Arabia. In the first section of the study, the researcher points up the importance of Arabic poetry as an Arabic literature genre. The second section deals with poetry and literary movement in Saudi Arabia as the central section of the investigation. After that, the task moves ahead to deal with a model of the modern Arabic poetry in the kingdom, Mohammad Hasan Awwad, a modernized rebellious poet with stark poetry, then the researcher, analytically and critically, sheds light on some selected verses of one of the poems of Awwad, Night and Me. The study finishes with a discussion and a brief conclusion.
Keywords: Arabic literature, Arabic poetry, free verse, greatness, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, modernism.
EXAMINING THE ROLE OF LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AS EFL AT HIGHER INSTITUTION: THE CASE OF METTU UNIVERSITY
Authors: Amenu T Miressa
Published: January 2021

This paper was aimed at examining the role of linguistics in English language teaching as a EFL at higher education. The participants of the study were summer students of English Language and literature department of Mettu University. Accordingly, all participants were selected through purposive sampling techniques for the questionnaire and interview. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Thus, this study employed a mixed approach. The findings of the study revealed that all participants have reached on mutual understanding and well noted that linguistics and language teaching have the same subject matter to deal with the role of linguistics to play in the process of language teaching. Therefore it can be said that language is the fundamental unit of the branch of linguistics. Without languages the subject of linguistics cannot be there. In other words languages pave the way for the growth of the field of linguistics. A language is a mental phenomenon and a way of expression of thought by means of articulate sounds. On the other hand linguistics is a branch of study that deals with languages. Finally, the findings have significant implications for adoption of linguistics in teaching language. This is the reason why the role of linguistics in English language teaching is needed for language learners.Keywords: Linguistics, Language, Language Teaching, Teaching, Role Of Linguistics
SERVICE QUALITY, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY IN BANKING SECTOR OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Abbasi Babar Nawaz , Umer Muhammad , Sohail Ali , Tang Jingjin , Ullah Ihsan , Abbasi Hifza
Published: January 2021

The major purpose of the research paper is to measure the quality of service offered by private banks operating in Pakistan. Moreover, it tries to investigate the relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty. In order for a bank offer to reach the customers, there is a need for services. These services depend on the type of product and it differs in the various organizations. Service can be defined as an intangible offer by one party to another in exchange of money for Service quality in the management and marketing literature is the extent to which customers' perceptions of service meet and/or exceed their expectations. Thus service quality can intend to be the way in which customers are served in an organization which could be good or poor. A loyalty program may give a customer advanced access to new products, special sales coupons or free merchandise. Our study shows the three basic aspects of a customer in the banking sector which are service quality, customer satisfaction and banking loyalty in the banking sector. The findings of our study show that most of our respondents are well satisfied with banking services to provide by different commercial and Islamic banks such as HBL, UBL, NBP, MCB etc. in Peshawar sadder. The services provided by the banks particularly ATM machines are very praised by the customers. The loyalty provided to customers by the banks was   also very good and most of the respondents were satisfy from that but there were also some major problems in these banking sectors for customers which should be handled as soon as possible for their good services we also find out that the banking policies for customer services and to maintain loyalty with customer should be enhanced more precisely