bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB KECEMASAN MATEMATIKA PADA MAHASISWA INSTIKI BALI
Authors: Krisna Evi Dwi , Suryati Ni Kadek
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan mencari dan menjelaskan tentang faktor penyebab kecemasan belajar matematika di INSTIKI. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subyek penelitian merupakan mahasiswa INSTIKI Bali. Pengambilan data penelitian menggunakan kuisioner dan wawancara. Dari hasil penelitian hasilnya ada kecemasan belajar matematika pada mahasiswa INSTIKI Bali, hal ini dikaterogikan dalam tiga kelompok mahasiswa, yaitu mahasiswa dengan hasil belajar tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Pada kelompok hasil belajar tinggi, penyebabnya yaitu pertama dari faktor intelektual yaitu merasa bingung terhadap materi, faktor kepribadian dan lingkungan adalah penjelasan kurang paham namun malu bertanya, dan faktor lainnya adalah takut hasil yang didapat buruk. Kelompok hasil belajar sedang, penyebabnya yaitu faktor intelektual adalah sulit memahami materi, faktor kepribadian adalah rasa percaya diri yang rendah, dan faktor lingkungan adalah takut tidak bisa menjawab soal pertanyaan yang tiba-tiba diberikan atau didepan kelas. Kelompok hasil belajar rendah penyebabnya, pertama faktor intelektual adalah pemahaman meteri matematika kurang serta cemas saat ujian, faktor kepribadian berupa kurang percaya diri, dan faktor lingkungan meliputi takut saat pembelajaran di kelas dan merasa dipantau dan terintimidasi oleh kondisi kelas saat pembelajaran.
Kata kunci: kecemasan belajar, matematika, analisis faktor
Design Storyboard dalam mengembangkan Virtual Laboratorium
Authors: Purba Friska Juliana , Haryani Calandra A.
Published: January 2025

Pembuatan storyboard bertujuan untuk mempermudah tahap awal sebelum pembuatan virtual laboratorium diharapkan dapat digunakan dengan baik dan mudah dipahami sesuai dengan jenjang dan kelas. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Penelitian Pengembangan dengan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) yaitu model design sistem pembelajaran yang memperlihatkan tahapan dasar sistem pembelajaran yang mudah untuk dilakukan. Teknik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis produk berupa saran ataupun komentar hasil penilaian, lembar validasi dan review dari ahli konten dan ahli media. Tampilan storyboard sangat memudahkan dalam pembuatan dalam virtual laboratory disebabkan karena tampilannya yang mudah dipahami dan mewakili dari penyampaian materi yang disampaikan. Untuk selanjutnya story board ini akan dikembangkan ke tahap selanjutnya yaitu ke virtual laboratorium untuk dilakukan berbasis web.
Identifikasi Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Zooplankton di Danau Sunter DKI Jakarta
Authors: Chusna Jhihan Hanifa , Aisyah Arina , Afandi Ahmad Yusuf
Published: January 2025

Zooplankton dalam rantai makanan berperan sebagai konsumen utama yang menghubungkan fitoplankton sebagai produsen dengan organisme yang memiliki tingkat nutrisi lebih tinggi, misalnya nekton dan bentos. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis zooplankton apa saja yang terdapat di Danau Sunter, serta menghitung tingkat keanekaragaman dan kelimpahannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling dalam pengambilan sampel plankton, yaitu menentukan beberapa titik stasiun penelitian berdasarkan pada kondisi lingkungan perairan danau. Hasil yang didapat adalah diidentifikasinya spesies dari genus Candacia, Nauplius, Eudiaptomus, Tintinnopsis, Polyarthra, Brachionus, Trichocerca, Philodina, dan Polydora. Indeks keanekaragaman stasiun 1 dikategorikan sedang (1,32), stasiun 2 masuk ke dalam kategori rendah (0,64), dan stasiun 3 termasuk ke dalam kategori sedang (1,47). Nilai kelimpahan pada stasiun 1 adalah 26.000 Ind/L, stasiun 2 memiliki nilai kelimpahan 9.302 Ind/L, dan stasiun 3 memiliki nilai kelimpahan 32.500 Ind/L. Kesimpulannya, yaitu hasil penelitian di Danau Sunter ditemukan 9 genus zooplankton. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman di Danau Sunter termasuk ke dalam kategori rendah—sedang yang menunjukkan bahwa daerah tersebut terdapat tekanan ekologi yang tinggi dan indeks keanekaragaman spesiesnya rendah, kemudian indeks nilai kelimpahan zooplankton dikategorikan tinggi karena pada masing–masing stasiun memiliki nilai kelimpahan di atas 500 Ind/L.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Psikomotor dan Hasil Belajar Siswa melalui Model Direct Instruction berbantuan Praktikum pada Materi Pengukuran
Authors: Marcelina Susi , Cahaya Sri , Triana Yulia , Normala  , Yulinae  , Hartanto Theo Jhoni
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan psikomotor dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi pengukuran di kelas VII SMPN 1 Katingan Hilir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan psikomotor dan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan model direct instruction dengan metode praktikum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMPN 1 Katingan Hilir yang berjumlah 25 siswa. Data keterampilan psikomotor siswa diperoleh melalui tes unjuk kerja, sedangkan data hasil belajar siswa dikumpulkan melalui tes tertulis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan keterampilan psikomotor dan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada siklus I, 44% siswa mencapai hasil belajar yang diharapkan dan 68% siswa memiliki keterampilan psikomotor yang baik. Pada siklus II, 92% memeroleh hasil belajar yang diharapkan dan 88% siswa memiliki keterampilan psikomotor yang baik. Peningkatan ini menunjukkan bahwa model direct instruction dengan metode praktikum mampu meningkatkan keterampilan psikomotor dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi pengukuran.
PEMBERIAN PAKAN BERBASIS MAGOT DAN LIMBAH SAWI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Oktamalia Oktamalia , Hamron Novita , Sari Dia Novita , Togatorop Eny Rolenti
Published: January 2025

Tepung ikan menjadi bahan baku pakan yang paling utama digunakan karena mengandung protein tinggi. Saat ini pemenuhan tepung ikan masih dipasok dari luar negri. Indonesia mengimpor 121 ribu ton tepung ikan tahun 2023. Hal ini berdampak pada harga pakan yang mahal. Selain itu, tepung ikan diproduksi dari hasil penangkapan ikan di laut yang mengancam keberlanjutan populasi ikan. Tepung magot dan tepung limbah sawi sebagai sumberdaya lokal dapat menjadi solusi dalam pemenuhan sumber protein alternatif sebagai bahan pakan ikan secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respon pertumbuhan ikan nila terhadap pengaruh penambahan bahan pakan ikan dari tepung magot dan tepung limbah sawi. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan empat perlakuan yaitu: P1: tepung ikan 75% + tepung magot 12,5% +12,5% tepung limbah sawi, P2: tepung ikan 50% + tepung magot 25% + tepung limbah sawi 25%, P3: tepung ikan 25% + tepung magot 37,5% + tepung limbah sawi 37,5%, P4: tepung ikan 0% + tepung magot 50% + tepung limbah sawi 50%.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan buatan berbasis magot dan limbah sawi perlakuan P4 (tepung ikan 0% + tepung magot 50% + tepung limbah sawi 50%) memberikan performa pertumbuhan ikan nila terbaik dengan laju pertumbuhan harian sebesar 2,13%, panjang mutlak 2,61 cm, bobot mutlak 5,19 g, persentase peningkatan panjang 32,49 % dan kelangsungan hidup 100%.
Efficacy and Flavonoid Levels in Sorghum Extracts of Super 2 Variety Under Various Levels of Drought Stress
Authors: Susilo Edi , Pujiwati Hesti
Published: January 2025

Bioherbisida berbasis alelopati tanaman sorgum yang tercekam kekeringan merupakan suatu langkah konkrit pertanian berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat karakteristik perkecambahan benih dan kadar flavonoid dari ekstrak yang telah mengalami berbagai tingkat cekaman kekeringan. Bahan ekstrak disiapkan pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2024 di Rumah Kaca Universitas Bengkulu, Kandang Limun, Kota Bengkulu, dan uji bioassay dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2024 di Pematang Gubernur, Muara Bangkahulu, Kota Bengkulu. Analisis flavonoid dilakukan di Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengujian Terpadu (LPPT) Universitas Gadjah Mada pada bulan Agustus 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor. Satu varietas sorgum yaitu Super 2 ditanam dengan perlakuan cekaman air melalui pola penyiraman setiap hari, 2 hari sekali, 3 hari sekali, 4 hari sekali, dan 5 hari sekali. Unit percobaan berupa cawan petri, dan percobaan diulang sebanyak empat kali. Metode bioassay cawan petri diterapkan dalam percobaan ini. Setiap cawan petri diberi 10 mL ekstrak air, dan 25 biji kacang hijau ditanam dan diinkubasi selama tiga hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kadar flavonoid tertinggi dicapai penyiraman setiap 5 hari sekali (3625,00 µg/g) dan terendah oleh penyiraman setiap hari (3165,26 µg/g). Penghambatan kecambah terjadi akibat ekstrak air sorgum yang telah mengalami perlakuan pola penyiraman.
Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Sains dan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SMP pada Pembelajaran IPA
Authors: CAHYANI DWI KURNIA , Nugroho Ary Susatyo , Nizaruddin  , Hayat Muhammad Syaipul
Published: January 2025

Kemampuan literasi sains dan berpikir kritis siswa sangat penting untuk memenuhi tantangan abad ke-21 terutama pada pembelajaran IPA. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan literasi sains dan berpikir kritis siswa SMP. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan instrumen soal tes kemampuan literasi sains dan berpikir kritis siswa. Subjek penelitian adalah 29 siswa kelas VIII. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi sains siswa mendapat rata-rata nilai (29,89) sangat kurang. Dari tiga indikator literasi sains berdasarkan PISA, pada mengevaluasi dan mendesain penelitian ilmiah mendapat nilai (41,38) kurang, menafsirkan data dan bukti ilmiah mendapat nilai (20,69) sangat kurang dan menjelaskan fenomena secara ilmiah (27,59) sangat kurang. Sedangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis mendapat mendapat rata-rata nilai (37,93) sangat kurang. Dari lima indikator berpikir kritis berdasarkan kerangka Ennis, memberi penjelasan secara sederhana mendapat nilai (79,31) baik, membangun klasifikasi dasar mendapat nilai (24,14) sangat kurang, membuat inferensi mendapat nilai (31,03)  sangat kurang, membuat penjelasan lebih lanjut mendapat nilai (13,79) sangat kurang, mengatur stategi dan taktik mendapat nilai (37,93) sangat kurang, Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi sains dan berpikir kritis siswa SMP pada pembelajaran IPA masih rendah.
Yaratıcı Drama Dersini Alan Öğrencilerin Kişisel ve Mesleki Gelişimlerinin İncelenmesi: Sosyal Hizmet Lisans Bölümü Öğrencileri Örneği
Authors: Arslan Özdemir Ezgi , Eryalçın Münevver
Published: January 2025

Drama dersini alan 20 birinci sınıf sosyal hizmet bölümü öğrencisinin, 14 hafta boyunca bu dersle birlikte kişisel ve mesleki gelişimlerinde elde ettikleri kazanımlar bu araştırmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Öğrencilerin dersin başında yazılı olarak kişisel gelişimleri hakkında beklentileri alınmıştır. Daha sonra dönem ortasında tekrar yazılı öz değerlendirme yapmaları istenmiş ve dönem sonunda ise yine bu dersten elde ettikleri kazanımlar hakkında yazılı öz değerlendirmeleri ile veri toplanmıştır. Bu verilere ek olarak lider ve raportörün gözlem notları da analize dahil edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler 6 temel temayı oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilerin 14 hafta boyunca aldıkları yaratıcı drama dersi ile beraber empati ve sosyal becerilerinin arttığı; özgüvenlerinde yükseliş meydana geldiği; mesleki becerilerinde olumlu bir değişim yaşadıkları ve üniversite hayatlarında iletişim ve uyum konusunda becerilerinin arttığı görülmüştür. Bunlara ek olarak öğrencilerin yaratıcı drama atölyelerine katılımdan dolayı bazı kazanımlar elde ettikleri de saptanmıştır. Öğrencilere, yaratıcı drama yöntem ve tekniklerini öğretmek amacında olan bu dersin aslında öğrencilerin kişisel ve mesleki becerileri ve gelişimlerine olumlu katkıları olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle yaratıcı drama derslerinin sosyal hizmet bölümlerinde artırılması ve zorunlu hale getirilmesi önerilmektedir.
The Impact of Ambulatory Acquisitions on the Cost of Business
Authors: Koss Elizabeth Thomas , Self Stanley W. , Riley Kimberly
Published: January 2025

This study contributes to the literature regarding the increase in acquisition activity and the annual increase in the cost of health insurance premiums for small to middle size businesses. Th research specifically addressed the HCPCS billing rates of procedures before and after acquisition; it examined the annual increase in the percentage of ambulatory physicians compared to the increase percentage in health insurance premiums, and the increase in health insurance premiums was evaluated based on age, type of firm, and size of the firm. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in the billing rates of procedures before and after ambulatory acquisition.
New Conversion Strategies and Analytical Tools for Lignin Valorisation
Authors:   , Riddell Luke Alexander
Published: January 2025

Currently, lignin is an underutilised waste material in the paper and pulping industry, and represents a significant portion of plant biomass waste. This is primarily due to its severe structural complexity and diversity, which impart varied and ill-defined macromolecular properties on different lignin samples. Thus, lignin is typically burned to provide process energy for the biorefineries/pulp-mills which generate it as a side product. However, with the efficiency of modern refinery technology, more lignin is generated than is required for the energy needs, and it thus acts as a bottleneck to the refining process. In order to maintain economic viability, alternative valorisation pathways are required for the lignin. Due to the aforementioned complexity and variance in structure, it was therefore critical to establish structure-property relationships, to better understand the macromolecular behaviour of each sample. Additionally, this section aimed to show how the structure of the lignin also impacts the properties of any materials derived from it. Another major focus of the thesis was the development of advanced spectroscopic-chemometric methods assist in more rapidly characterising the lignins, providing rapid access to a host of macromolecular properties, which otherwise require a variety of expensive analytical equipment, and cost vast amounts of time to acquire. The final section of the thesis focuses on the products of modern biomass refining processes, which are effectively modified monomers of the lignin. These in turn, were then chemically modulated to form a handful of different compounds, which could be polymerised to produce polyesters and polycarbonates, to show proof of concept of novel materials derived from lignin.
Federal Judicial Nomination Simulations in the Political Science Classroom
Authors: Arrington Nancy , Baker Matthew , Rutkowski Adam
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a novel lower federal court confirmation simulation procedure that tests how participation influences levels of knowledge and views of legitimacy of this political process. By conducting the simulation and corresponding survey at three different institutions (a public R2 institution, a public regional university, and a private R1 institution) in varied geographic locations, our results will be representative of college students across the country. We plan on finalizing data collection by the end of 2025. This new simulation procedure will provide judicial politics instructors with an innovative way to reinforce their traditional lectures on the politics of judicial confirmation. We anticipate that our results will show that exposure to these intricate processes will influence both knowledge and perceptions of legitimacy.
3D bioprinting for the production of a perfusable vascularized model of a cancer niche
Authors: Maggiotto Federico , Bova Lorenzo , Micheli Sara , Pozzer Camilla , Fusco Pina , Sgarbossa Paolo , Billi Fabrizio , Cimetta Elisa
Published: January 2025

The ever-growing need for improved in vitro models of human tissues to study both healthy and diseased states is advancing the use of techniques such as 3D Bioprinting. We here present our results on the development of a vascularized and perfusable 3D tumor mimic for studies of the early steps of Neuroblastoma metastatic spread. We used a multi-material and sacrificial bioprinting approach to fabricate vascularized 3D cell-laden structures and developed a customized perfusion system enabling maintenance of growth and viability of the constructs for up to 3 weeks. Cell phenotypes and densities in co-culture for both the bulk of the construct and the endothelialization of the vascular channels were optimized to better replicate in vivo conditions and ideally simulate tumor progression. We proved the formation of an endothelium layer lining the vascular channel after 14 days of perfused culture. Cells in the bulk of the construct reflected Neuroblastoma growth and its tendency to recruit endothelial cells contributing to neovascularization. We also collected preliminary evidence of Neuroblastoma cells migration towards the vascular compartment, recapitulating the first stages of metastatic dissemination.
The influence of HIV infection on myocardial fibrosis diagnosed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observation studies
Authors: Mutengo Katongo Hope , Lima Bruno Bezerra , Mutale Wilbroad , Mweemba Aggrey , Kabwe Lorrita , Banda Clive , Kaayunga Callistus , Mulenga Mutale , Heimburger Douglas , Masenga Sepiso K. , Carr John Jeffrey , Kirabo Annet
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is linked to myocardial fibrosis. Observational studies using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) have explored this relationship but scarcity of data synthesis limits our understanding. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize associations between HIV and myocardial fibrosis from CMR-based observational studies in adults.

Methods

We identified 12 studies (2013–2024) with 1,769 participants [1,117 people with HIV (PWH)]. Three studies were cohort and nine were cross-sectional. Meta-analysis included seven studies on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) (1,081 participants: 669 PWH), eight on native T1 mapping (840 participants: 467 PWH), and ten on ECVF (1,603 participants: 992 PWH). We examined myocardial fibrosis prevalence via the prevalence difference in LGE, and severity by mean differences in native T1 mapping values [milliseconds (ms)] and global extracellular volume fraction (ECVF,%) between PWH and HIV-uninfected individuals, using random effects model.

Results and discussion

Pooled analyses showed PWH had a 33% higher prevalence of LGE (95% CI: 12.0%–54.0%, I2 = 94.5%, p < 0.001), a mean native T1 mapping difference of 27.30 ms (95% CI: 11.21–43.39 ms, I2 = 88.2%, p < 0.001), and a mean ECVF difference of 1.85% (95% CI: 0.63%–3.08%, I2 = 90.5%, p < 0.001), respectively. Meta-regression showed no significant associations between ECVF and demographic, HIV-related, or cardiac factors. LGE and native T1 mapping analyses lacked sufficient data for meta-regression. In conclusion, PWH exhibit significantly higher prevalence and severity of myocardial fibrosis compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. But standardized methodologies and further research are essential to enhance consistency.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=533379, CRD [42024533379].
Overcoming or overstepping? Boundary infrastructure for learning in the context of continuous improvement research-practice partnership
Authors: Bohannon Angel X. , Farrell Caitlin C. , Cook Spencer
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Under federal policy guidelines, school districts are increasingly expected to engage with research evidence to guide their efforts around instructional improvement. This article explores how a continuous improvement research-practice partnership (CI RPP) can create opportunities for educators to learn new research-based ideas and practices.

Methods

We present a year long case study of two rural school districts engaged in a CI RPP focused on math instruction.

Results

We focus show how research-based mathematics ideas introduced by research partners were taken up by teachers, school leaders, instructional coaches, and district leaders. Then we describe how the county office of education created important opportunities for learning through a boundary infrastructure: the network of people, practices, and objects that supported the movement of ideas between research, practice, and CI communities.

Discussion

We highlight the possibilities of county offices as critical actors in CI efforts. We also highlight how the county office’s efforts to broker knowledge did not involve just overcoming or transcending boundaries but also maintaining them when they perceived external partners to be “overstepping.”
Self-confidence as a predictor of digital skills: a fundamental pillar for the digitalization of higher education
Authors: Rosales-Márquez Cinthia , Carbonell-García Carmen Elena , Miranda-Vargas Víctor , Diaz-Zavala Rocio , Laura-De La Cruz Kevin Mario
Published: January 2025

Contemporary higher education must prepare students for a digital world by equipping them with both technical and critical competencies. In this context, self-confidence is key, as believing in oneself facilitates the acquisition and use of digital tools. This research aims to examine the role of self-confidence as a predictor of digital competency development among university students in Peru. A mixed-approach was employed, utilizing predictive calculations on one hand, alongside quantitative data collection and analysis through interviews. The sample consisted of 213 postgraduate students from various regions of Peru, along with 20 university professors at the postgraduate level. The study's findings confirm that self-confidence is a significant predictor of the development of digital skills in Peruvian university students. A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.484, p < 0.001) was identified between the two variables, indicating that students with higher levels of self-confidence are more likely to develop advanced digital skills. These results are further reinforced by qualitative analysis, as the digitalization of education cannot be contemplated with students who lack digital skills.
Metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma with internal jugular vein tumor thrombus - A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Adnan Zaina , Sabo Edmond , Kassem Sameer
Published: January 2025

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignancy of the thyroid gland, typically associated with an indolent course and favourable prognosis. However, although rare, PTC can demonstrate aggressive behaviour, including vascular invasion with extension into major vessels. Intraluminal tumor thrombus involving the great veins, such as the internal jugular vein (IJV), is an uncommon but significant complication. We present the case of a 56-year-old male who was referred to our clinic for evaluation of a right-sided anterior neck mass. Neck ultrasonography revealed a 5.5 x 6.5 cm heterogeneous mass within the right thyroid lobe and a suspected intraluminal thrombus in the right internal jugular vein. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance confirmed the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Subsequent preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the neck confirmed the presence of an intraluminal tumours thrombus extending into the right IJV. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy, right modified radical neck dissection, and resection of the involved segment of the IJV. Postoperatively, the patient received radioactive iodine (I-131) ablation therapy. At the one-year follow-up, imaging studies indicated a recurrence of the disease. A review of the literature focusing on vascular involvement in PTC and diagnostic methods for tumours thrombus reveals that, while rare, intraluminal tumor thrombus should be considered in patients with PTC, especially when there is evidence of vascular invasion. Early and accurate preoperative diagnosis using Doppler ultrasonography and/or contrast-enhanced CT is critical for optimal surgical planning and improved prognosis. Given the potential for recurrence, vigilant long-term follow-up is recommended.
Short-term load forecasting based on multi-frequency sequence feature analysis and multi-point modified FEDformer
Authors: Hou Kaiyuan , Zhang Xiaotian , Yang Junjie , Hu Jiyun , Yao Guangzhi , Zhang Jiannan
Published: January 2025

Given the complexity and dynamic nature of short-term load sequence data, coupled with prevalent errors in traditional forecasting methods, this study introduces a novel approach for short-term load forecasting. The method integrates multi-frequency sequence feature analysis and multi-point correction using the FEDformer model. Initially, variational mode decomposition (VMD) technology decomposes the load sequence into multiple subsequences, each exhibiting distinct frequency characteristics. Subsequently, for each frequency band of the load sequence, the LightGBM algorithm quantifies the correlation between the load and various influencing factors. The filtered features are then input into the FEDformer model, providing preliminary short-term and long-term sequence prediction results. Finally, a point-by-point forecasting method based on a tree model generates multi-point load prediction results by training multiple LightGBM models. Throughout the forecasting process, a weighted threshold α is set, and a hybrid weighting method is utilized to combine the forecast results from different models, culminating in the final short-term load forecast results. Validation of the proposed hybrid model was conducted on an actual dataset from a specific area, The results exhibit higher prediction accuracy, affirming the proposed method as a novel and effective approach for short-term load forecasting.
What behavior is important behavior? A systematic review of how wild and zoo-housed animals differ in their time-activity budgets
Authors: Kelly Robert , Freeman Marianne , Rose Paul
Published: January 2025

Natural behavior performance in captive animals is traditionally utilized as a metric to establish welfare states, with an increase in natural behavior associated with positive welfare. Captive environments, including zoos strive to replicate ecologically relevant environments that promote species-specific, adaptive behavior performance. However, spatial restrictions and complex habitats required by some species create various challenges for zoo staff to implement management and husbandry practices to achieve this. Some species struggle to adapt and cope in captive environments, with increased abnormal behavior performance which may reduce welfare. Other species may adapt to captivity in novel ways, demonstrating flexibility in their behavior patterns without compromising welfare. However, research indicating positive behavioral flexibility in captive animals is sparse. The main aim of this review was to categorize animals as being fully behaviorally flexible, partially behaviorally flexible, or behaviorally inflexible. Effect sizes (Hedges’ g) were calculated to compare behavioral categories of animals in the wild and zoo, grouped by taxonomic Order (Testudines, Primates, Artiodactyla, Psittaciformes and Carnivora) and ecological traits to determine their level of behavioral flexibility. Effect sizes were also analyzed to determine behaviors suggestive of good welfare that were absent in zoo species. Despite variation across all groups, abnormal behavior was consistently highest in zoo animals, with reproductive and foraging behaviors most often compromised. Overall, complete positive behavioral flexibility was suggested in Testudines (potentially a result from temperature variation to maintain homeostasis), completely migratory species who are exposed to heterogenous landscapes when traveling long distances, and for a specific primate, the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) potentially to improve resource access due to their terrestrial nature. All other groups evaluated demonstrated partial behavioral flexibility or behavioral inflexibility. Abnormal behavior prevalence and reduced foraging and reproductive behaviors in these groups suggests an inability to adapt to captivity. This necessitates more focused investigations that identify environmental features or aspects of managed environments that can meet a species’ needs in the zoo.
Antimicrobial resistance in diverse urban microbiomes: uncovering patterns and predictive markers
Authors: Brizola Toscan Rodolfo , Lesiński Wojciech , Stomma Piotr , Subramanian Balakrishnan , Łabaj Paweł P. , Rudnicki Witold R.
Published: January 2025

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health concern, driven by urbanization and anthropogenic activities. This study investigated AMR distribution and dynamics across microbiomes from six U.S. cities, focusing on resistomes, viromes, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Using metagenomic data from the CAMDA 2023 challenge, we applied tools such as AMR++, Bowtie, AMRFinderPlus, and RGI for resistome profiling, along with clustering, normalization, and machine learning techniques to identify predictive markers. AMR++ and Bowtie outperformed other tools in detecting diverse AMR markers, with binary normalization improving classification accuracy. MGEs were found to play a critical role in AMR dissemination, with 394 genes shared across all cities. Removal of MGE-associated AMR genes altered resistome profiles and reduced model performance. The findings reveal a heterogeneous AMR landscape in urban microbiomes, particularly in New York City, which showed the highest resistome diversity. These results underscore the importance of MGEs in AMR profiling and provide valuable insights for designing targeted strategies to address AMR in urban settings.
Immune responses in rodent whole eye transplantation: elucidation and preliminary investigations into rejection diagnosis and monitoring
Authors: Li Bing , Wang Yong , Owens Charles R. , Banaee Touka , Chu Charleen T. , Jabbari Kayvon , Lee Anna D. , Khatter Neil J. , Palestine Alan G. , Su An-Jey A. , Huang Christene A. , Washington Kia M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Whole Eye Transplantation (WET) offers potential for vision restoration but is hindered by the complex challenge of immune rejection. Understanding and closely monitoring these immunological responses is crucial for advancing WET. This study delves into the timeline and nature of immune responses in a rodent model of WET without immunosuppression, aiming to elucidate a detailed picture of the immune landscape post-transplantation and establish innovative diagnostic and monitoring methods.

Methods

We employed a multi-faceted approach to analyze immune responses post-WET, including assessments of gross changes in corneal transparency, thickness, and skin condition. Histopathological examinations of both ocular and surrounding skin tissues provided insights into cellular changes, complemented by ocular RT-qPCR for molecular analysis. Serological analysis was employed to quantify cytokines, chemokines, and donor-specific antibodies, aiming to identify potential biomarkers correlating with WET rejection and to validate the presence of antibody-mediated rejection. These methodologies collectively contribute to the development of non-invasive diagnostic and monitoring strategies for WET.

Results

Our study revealed a rapid and acute immune response following WET, characterized by an early innate immune response dominated by complement involvement, and infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes by post-operative day (POD) 2. This was succeeded by an acute T-cell-mediated immune reaction, predominantly involving T helper 1 (Th1) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The presence of donor specific antibody (DSA) and indications of pyroptosis in the early phases of rejection were observed. Notably, the early elevation of serum CXCL10 by POD4, coupled with ocular CD3+ cell infiltration, emerged as a potential early biomarker for WET rejection. Additionally, corneal transparency grading proved effective as a non-invasive monitoring tool.

Conclusion

This study offers a first-time comprehensive exploration of immune responses in WET, unveiling rapid and complex rejection mechanisms. The identification of early biomarkers and the development of non-invasive monitoring techniques significantly advance our understanding of WET rejection. Additionally, these findings establish an essential baseline for future research in this evolving field.
Dysfunctional β-cell autophagy induces β-cell stress and enhances islet immunogenicity
Authors: Austin Matthew C. , Muralidharan Charanya , Roy Saptarshi , Crowder Justin J. , Piganelli Jon D. , Linnemann Amelia K.
Published: January 2025

Background

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that trigger autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Defects in β-cell stress response pathways such as autophagy may play an important role in activating and/or exacerbating the immune response in disease development. Previously, we discovered that β-cell autophagy is impaired prior to the onset of T1D, implicating this pathway in T1D pathogenesis.

Aims

To assess the role of autophagy in β-cell health and survival, and whether defects in autophagy render islets more immunogenic.

Methods

We knocked out the critical autophagy enzyme, ATG7, in the β-cells of mice (ATG7Δβ-cell) then monitored blood glucose, performed glucose tolerance tests, and evaluated bulk islet mRNA and protein. We also assessed MHC-I expression and presence of CD45+ immune cells in ATG7Δβ-cell islets and evaluated how impaired autophagy affects EndoC-βH1 HLA-I expression under basal and IFNα stimulated conditions. Lastly, we co-cultured ATG7Δβ-cell islet cells with diabetogenic BDC2.5 helper T cells and evaluated T cell activation.

Results

We found that all ATG7Δβ-cell mice developed diabetes between 11-15 weeks of age. Gene ontology analysis revealed a significant upregulation of pathways involved in inflammatory processes, response to ER stress, and the ER-associated degradation pathway. Interestingly, we also observed upregulation of proteins involved in MHC-I presentation, suggesting that defective β-cell autophagy may alter the immunopeptidome, or antigen repertoire, and enhance β-cell immune visibility. In support of this hypothesis, we observed increased MHC-I expression and CD45+ immune cells in ATG7Δβ-cell islets. We also demonstrate that HLA-I is upregulated in EndoC β-cells when autophagic degradation is inhibited. This effect was observed under both basal and IFNα stimulated conditions. Conversely, a stimulator of lysosome acidification/function, C381, decreased HLA-I expression. Lastly, we showed that in the presence of islet cells with defective autophagy, there is enhanced BDC2.5 T cell activation.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that β-cell autophagy is critical to cell survival/function. Defective β-cell autophagy induces ER stress, alters pathways of antigen production, and enhances MHC-I/HLA-I presentation to surveilling immune cells. Overall, our results suggest that defects in autophagy make β-cells more susceptible to immune attack and destruction.
SECTM1 acts as an immune-related biomarker of poor prognosis and promotes cancer progression by modulating M2 macrophage polarization in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kong Pengzhou , Jiao Ye , Sun Meng , Zhou Zhinan , Zhang Yingying , Yang Xin , Ren Jing , Yang Mengyuan , Dong Yanyan , Song Bin
Published: January 2025

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most prevalent primary malignant esophageal tumor in China and has a poor prognosis, but lacks effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Through single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), we conducted immune genomic analysis based on 28 immune features using transcriptomic data from 155 ESCC cases. We established of two ESCC subtypes characterized by high and low immune profiles, and 352 differentially expressed immune genes were identified between the two subtypes. Performed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression, a novel prognostic prediction model was developed based on three immune-related genes (MAP3K8, SECTM1, IGLV7-43), which has been identified as a relatively accurate, independent, and specific prognostic risk model for ESCC patients in different ESCC cohorts. Furthermore, SECTM1 was upregulated in ESCC tissues and associated with adverse clinical outcomes. In cell experiments, overexpression of SECTM1 effectively promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells, while SECTM1 knockdown significantly inhibited these cellular processes. Furthermore, its overexpression promoted macrophage polarization towards the M2-like phenotype and promoted the migration of M2-like macrophage cells and C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) was the key mediator in the pro-cancer effect of SECTM1. In a Conclusion, our study established a prognostic prediction model based on immune-related gene signature, which provided a reliable prognostic tool for ESCC and identified SECTM1 as a potential biomarker in ESCC.
Changes in donor lymphocyte infusion for relapsed patients post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a 30-year single-center experience
Authors: Uchibori Yusuke , Kurosawa Shuhei , Najima Yuho , Haraguchi Kyoko , Sadato Daichi , Hirama Chizuko , Sadaga Yasutaka , Kondo Kaori , Kato Chika , Sakai Satoshi , Kambara Yasuhiro , Ouchi Fumihiko , Shimabukuro Masashi , Jinguji Atsushi , Shingai Naoki , Toya Takashi , Shimizu Hiroaki , Kobayashi Takeshi , Harada Hironori , Harada Yuka , Okuyama Yoshiki , Doki Noriko
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is a therapeutic approach for relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Despite their reported efficacy, the evolution of DLI practices over time remains underexplored.

Methods

This study provided a comprehensive analysis of DLI strategies and outcomes over 30 years at a single institution. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 75 patients who underwent DLI for disease relapse between April 1994 and March 2024. The primary endpoint was the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate after DLI. Secondary endpoints included the 100-day complete remission (CR) rate and incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Results

The median age at the first DLI was 49 years (range, 20–69 years). The most common underlying diseases in all 75 cases were acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 46) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS, n = 12). Until 2014, DLI was only performed in patients with AML (n = 14), MDS (n = 2), or chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 5). However, since 2015, patients with various diseases, including lymphoid malignancies, have also undergone DLI. Azacitidine was the most frequently used combination therapy with DLI (n = 34). Regimens including venetoclax and FLT3 inhibitors have been commonly used since 2019 (n = 18). The 3-year OS rate was 29.1% (95% CI, 18.8–40.2%). Factors negatively influencing OS included age ≥50 years and a high or very high refined disease risk index. The 100-day CR rate was 52.1%, and acute GVHD occurred in 25.3% of the patients, with no strong correlation between GVHD incidence and CR achievement. Among 18 patients who underwent three or more DLIs since 2018, 88.9% achieved remission following DLI or second HSCT, with a median follow-up of 949.5 days for survivors.

Conclusion

This study highlighted the evolving trends in DLI practices and the diversification of combination therapies. Future research should focus on further validating these findings and optimizing DLI protocols to improve patient outcomes.
Immune conversations at the border: meningeal immunity in health and disease
Authors: Patel Preya U. , Regmi Aryan , Dass Angelina I. , Rojas Olga L.
Published: January 2025

The brain and spinal cord, collectively known as the central nervous system, are encapsulated by an overlapping series of membranes known as the meninges. Once considered primarily a physical barrier for central nervous system protection, the bordering meninges are now recognized as highly immunologically active. The meninges host diverse resident immune cells and serve as a critical interface with peripheral immunity, playing multifaceted roles in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis, responding to pathogenic threats, and neurological disorders. This review summarizes recent advancements in our understanding of meningeal immunity including its structural composition, physiological functions, and role in health and disease.
Emerging roles of mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT5 in succinylation modification and cancer development
Authors: Ke Zhangmin , Shen Kaikai , Wang Li , Xu Hao , Pan Xia , Qian Zhenjue , Wen Yuting , Lv Tangfeng , Zhang Xiuwei , Song Yong
Published: January 2025

Succinylation represents an emerging class of post-translational modifications (PTMs), characterized by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic transfer of a negatively charged four-carbon succinyl group to the ϵ-amino group of lysine residues, mediated by succinyl-coenzyme A. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of succinylation in various diseases, particularly cancer progression. Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5), a member of the sirtuin family, has been extensively studied for its robust desuccinylase activity, alongside its deacetylase function. To date, only a limited number of SIRT5 substrates have been identified. These substrates mediate diverse physiological processes such as glucose oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, ammonia detoxification, reactive oxygen species scavenging, anti-apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. The regulation of these activities can occur through either the same enzymatic activity acting on different substrates or distinct enzymatic activities targeting the same substrate. Aberrant expression of SIRT5 has been closely linked to tumorigenesis and disease progression; however, its role remains controversial. SIRT5 exhibits dual functionalities: it can promote tumor proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and metabolic reprogramming, thereby acting as an oncogene; conversely, it can also inhibit tumor cell growth and induce apoptosis, functioning as a tumor suppressor gene. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research status of SIRT5. We discuss its structural characteristics and regulatory mechanisms, compare its functions with other sirtuin family members, and elucidate the mechanisms regulating SIRT5 activity. Specifically, we focus on the role of succinylation modification mediated by SIRT5 in tumor progression, highlighting how desuccinylation by SIRT5 modulates tumor development and delineating the underlying mechanisms involved.
Assessing in-vitro models for microglial development and fetal programming: a critical review
Authors: Schepanski Steven , Ngoumou Gonza B. , Buss Claudia , Seifert Georg
Published: January 2025

This review evaluates in-vitro models for studying how maternal influences during pregnancy impact the development of offspring microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system. The models examined include primary microglia cultures, microglia cell lines, iPSC-derived microglia, PBMC-induced microglia-like cells, 3D brain organoids derived from iPSCs, and Hofbauer cells. Each model is assessed for its ability to replicate the in-vivo environment of the developing brain, with a focus on their strengths, limitations, and practical challenges. Key factors such as scalability, genetic and epigenetic fidelity, and physiological relevance are highlighted. Microglia cell lines are highly scalable but lack genetic and epigenetic fidelity. iPSC-derived microglia provide moderate physiological relevance and patient-specific genetic insights but face operational and epigenetic challenges inherent to reprogramming. 3D brain organoids, derived from iPSCs, offer an advanced platform for studying complex neurodevelopmental processes but require extensive resources and technical expertise. Hofbauer cells, which are fetal macrophages located in the placenta and share a common developmental origin with microglia, are uniquely exposed to prenatal maternal factors and, depending on fetal barrier maturation, exhibit variable epigenetic fidelity. This makes them particularly useful for exploring the impact of maternal influences on fetal programming of microglial development. The review concludes that no single model comprehensively captures all aspects of maternal influences on microglial development, but it offers guidance on selecting the most appropriate model based on specific research objectives and experimental constraints.
Unlocking the secrets of the immunopeptidome: MHC molecules, ncRNA peptides, and vesicles in immune response
Authors: Balakrishnan Arpita , Winiarek Gabriela , Hołówka Olga , Godlewski Jakub , Bronisz Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

The immunopeptidome, a diverse set of peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules, is a critical component of immune recognition and response. This review article delves into the mechanisms of peptide presentation by MHC molecules, particularly emphasizing the roles of ncRNA-derived peptides and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in shaping the immunopeptidome landscape. We explore established and emerging insights into MHC molecule interactions with peptides, including the dynamics of peptide loading, transport, and the influence of cellular and genetic variations. The article highlights novel research on non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-derived peptides, which challenge conventional views of antigen processing and presentation and the role of EVs in transporting these peptides, thereby modulating immune responses at remote body sites. This novel research not only challenges conventional views but also opens up new avenues for understanding immune responses. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these mechanisms in developing therapeutic strategies, particularly for cancer immunotherapy. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of current literature and advanced methodologies in immunopeptidomics, this review aims to deepen the understanding of the complex interplay between MHC peptide presentation and the immune system, offering new perspectives on potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Additionally, the interactions between ncRNA-derived peptides and EVs provide a mechanism for the enhanced surface presentation of these peptides and highlight a novel pathway for their systemic distribution, potentially altering immune surveillance and therapeutic landscapes.