bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Đặc điểm thực vật học và tác dụng kháng oxy hóa in vitro trên mô hình quét gốc tự do DPPH của cao chiết hoa cây đậu biếc (Clitoria ternatea L., Fabaceae) tại Bạc Liêu
Authors: Lâm Thị Ngọc Giàu , Nguyễn Thị Thu Thúy , Huỳnh Anh Duy
Published: April 2022

Mục tiêu của đề tài nhằm khảo sát đặc điểm thực vật, sơ bộ thành phần hóa học và hoạt tính kháng oxy hóa của cao chiết ethanol 96% và cao chiết nước từ hoa cây Đậu biếc bằng việc phân tích mẫu vật đã định danh được hoa Đậu biếc thu hái tại Bạc Liêu chính là Clitoria ternatea L., Fabaceae. Ngoài ra, kết quả định tính cho thấy trong hoa cây Đậu biếc hiện diện các hợp chất hóa học: Anthocyanin, flavonoid, carotenoid, tinh dầu, triterpenoid tự do, tannin, saponin, acid hữu cơ, chất khử và hợp chất polyuronid. Bên cạnh đó, khả năng kháng oxy hóa in vitro được tiến hành bằng phương pháp sử dụng gốc tự do DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), với chất chuẩn là vitamin C. Mẫu thử là cao ethanol 96% và cao nước của hoa cây Đậu biếc cho giá trị IC50 tương ứng là 362,94 μg/mL và 297,39 μg/mL, mặc dù thấp hơn chất chuẩn vitamin C (IC50 = 4,72 μg/mL). Hiệu suất loại bỏ gốc tự do của cao ethanol 96% hoa Đậu biếc tỉ lệ thuận với nồng độ, khi nồng độ cao chiết tăng từ 100 đến 500 µg/mL tương đương hiệu suất ức chế gốc tự do tăng từ 18,45% đến 66,31%. Đối với cao nước, hiệu suất ức chế gốc tự do tăng từ 24,83% đến 70,12% trong cùng dãy nồng độ thử nghiệm. Kết luận cao nước có khả năng quét gốc tự do DPPH tốt hơn cao ethanol 96%. Kết quả từ nghiên cứu cho thấy tiềm năng tác dụng sinh học của hoa Đậu biếc và tạo cơ sở khoa học cho các nghiên cứu và sử dụng tiếp theo.
Analysis and Mitigation of High-Pressure and High-Temperature Well Completion Design of Elkin/Franklin Fields in the North Sea
Authors: Shaheed Luay Hameed
Published: April 2022

The development of High-Pressure and High-Temperature (HP/HT) wells is accompanied by high risk, and still represents one of the greatest technological challenges for the oil and gas industry related to the equipments used and their ability to sustain these conditions. The results analysis of data is key to investigating reasons for bad performances and failures of well completion design and detecting at an early stage potential downhole events.This paper applies machine learning to the results of real data analysis of deep and deviated well in the HP/HT environment. It presents techniques used to analyze design limits for the tubing string of the well with different rates of production and water injection, and predict pressure and temperature when multiple operations are applied to the tubular string during the well's lifetime. It also analyzes the most important parameters that impact the tubular string, such as temperature effect, safety factors, and tubing length change. A simulation model for a well has been developed to accomplish the objective of this work by using WellcatTM software modules (Prod & Tube) based on real data from the Elgin/Franklin fields in the North Sea. Two designs of tubular string were used to analyze design limits; the first included a tubing size of 4 ½ in and a latched permanent packer, and the second was identical to the first one but included an expansion joint tool to allow free movement of the tubing, and it was used to mitigate the first well completion design failure. Based on the results of this paper, three load cases (produce-6 months, tubing leak, and water injection) failed in the first design when the rates of oil production and water injection were increased to 12000 bbl/d and 5000 bbl/d respectively, whilst all load cases fell into the triaxial envelope and met the axial criteria in the second design. Furthermore, the predicted results of pressure and temperature for the tubing and surroundings indicate the tubular string could be exposed to buckling problems and serious thermal expansion in the annulus. As well, tubing length can be changed (elongated or shortage) owing to thermal effects during multiple load cases.
Assessment of the Common PVT Correlations in Iraqi Oil Fields
Authors: Talib Mohammed Q. Abd , Al-Jawad Mohammed S.
Published: April 2022

Pressure volume temperature (PVT) analysis is the process of determining the fluid behaviors and properties of oil and gas samples from an existing well. Normally, PVT properties are experimentally measured in the laboratory. However, the absence of PVT measurement negatively impacts the application of many petroleum engineering calculations such as reserves estimation, material balance, reservoir simulation, production equipment design, and optimization of well performance.

In this work, we developed a program using VBA and MS EXCEL to compare between the collected measurements of PVT properties that were collected from 41 Iraqi oil cruds and the values obtained from the correlations. After the comparison process, we chose the correlation that have the close values to the PVT measurements that were collected previously.

This type of study, in which we compare the results of existing literature correlations to the measured value in a laboratory for a specific country or location, has been conducted in a number of countries, including Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, and Egypt, but not in Iraq, which is where the value of this study lies.

A total of 92 correlations were involved in this study including, (19) Bubble point pressure, (10) gas-oil ratio, (20) oil FVF, (10) saturated Viscosity, (3) density at bubble point, (7) undersaturated oil compressibility, (12) dead viscosity, (3) undersaturated oil FVF, (8) undersaturated viscosity.

Over all,  the best performance was obtained using the “Elsharkawy and Alikhan [1] “correlation for ( Pb, Rs, Bo) , “Standing [2]” correlation for Density at bubble point , “Almehaideb [3]” for below bubble point viscosity , “Labedi [4]” for Dead viscosity, “Al-Marhoun [5]” for above bubble point oil FVF, “Standing [2]” for above bubble point oil compressibility, “Petrosky and Farshad [6]” for above bubble point viscosity, based on consistently low values of (AAPE) and (RMS) and cross plot.
Corrosion Control Mechanisms and the Effect of pH on Corrosion in the Crude Oil Refining Process
Authors: Mohammed Karrar Ayad
Published: April 2022

The consequences of corrosion in the crude oil refining process cannot be ignored due to the damage caused by the corrosion of oil equipment, and the serious losses that result from that. Therefore, in this research, methods of controlling the occurrence of corrosion in the crude oil refining unit in the Najaf refinery for four types of crude oil - API (28, 28.2, 29.2, and 30.2) were studied. Chemicals were added in different quantities and types before and during the crude oil refining process to the atmospheric distillation unit, where it was found that these chemicals have the ability to make a media within the limits of pH from 5.5 to 6.5, where the corrosion became little or no. Also, an anti-corrosion chemical was added, which reduced the incidence of corrosion in the overhead systems of crude oil refining equipment. In addition to treating the crude oil using desalter before refining it, where the mud and dirt and a large proportion of the salts in the emulsified water were removed from crude oil. The best results obtained were pH (6, 6, 5.7, and 5.5)  and the percentage of iron ions Fe+2 ( 0.8, 1, 1.5, and 2.1) for four types of refined crude oil at using pump dosages for inhibitor (2.5, 2, 3.5 and 3.5), caustic soda (4, 6, 8, and 8) and neutralizer (2, 2.5, 3, and 3). This practical study showed the importance of adding chemicals in different quantities, as well as electrical and thermal treatment in controlling and preventing corrosion of oil equipment in the crude oil refining unit.
Hepatites virais no estado do Maranhão, Brasil: características epidemiológicas da infecção em anos recentes
Authors: Silva Freire Elainne , Pinto da Silva Letícia , Diniz Pinho Jaqueline , Alves Soares Vaz de Castro Pedro , Trindade Bezerra Juliana Maria
Published: April 2022

As hepatites virais são um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Tratam-se de infecções que atingem o fígado, causando alterações leves, moderadas ou graves. O presente estudo objetivou descrever as características epidemiológicas de pessoas acometidas por hepatites virais entre os anos de 2010 e 2018 no estado do Maranhão. Os casos confirmados de hepatites virais foram consultados na plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, sendo analisadas as seguintes variáveis: casos confirmados por ano, gênero, faixa etária, escolaridade, raça, mecanismo de transmissão, classificação etiológica e forma clínica. Entre os anos de 2010 e 2018, foram confirmados 5.380 casos de hepatites virais, sendo a maioria em 2011, com 943 casos (17,5%). A maioria dos casos confirmados de hepatites virais, no período de estudo foi verificada no gênero masculino (2.696 casos; 50,1%; U = 30,5; p = 0,91), na faixa etária dos 20 aos 39 anos (1.528 casos; 28,4%; H = 60,6; p < 0,0001), em indivíduos com ensino médio completo (939 casos; 21,3%; H = 59,3; p < 0,0001) e da cor parda (3.411 casos; 70,4%; H = 39,4; p < 0,0001). Quanto à classificação etiológica, verificou-se maioria dos acometidos com o vírus A (1.900 casos; 37,7%; H = 49,7; p < 0,0001). Ressalta-se a importância de conhecer a frequência dos casos de hepatites virais no estado do Maranhão, para compreender sua disseminação e, assim, ter subsídios para medidas de controle no combate à infecção.
“No Such Faery Land, So Like the Real World”: Miles Coverdale’s Performance of the Utopian Spectacle
Authors: Rattner Ashley
Published: April 2022

Ticknor and Fields advertised The Blithedale Romance as a glimpse into Hawthorne’s six-month participation in George Ripley’s Brook Farm experiment. While Brook Farm had been largely forgotten by 1852, the novel’s appeal lay in its connection to its author, a sudden celebrity in the wake of The Scarlet Letter’s commercial success in 1850. As his novels attracted a growing fanbase, readers sought out Blithedale for the purpose of learning about Hawthorne’s past. Ticknor and Fields’s marketing efforts had expanded their print sphere beyond the immediate locality to address a national audience, thrusting fame and recognition on authors to a degree that could not have been previously imagined. Vexed that American readers had not critically examined the ramifications of this expanding print sphere, Hawthorne composes Blithedale to correct the equation of a fictional narrator with a novel’s author, a product of the evolving culture of literary celebrity. Insisting his text be classified as a romance, Hawthorne subverts any recognizable feature of the genre to elicit feelings of disorientation, frustration, and disappointment in readers expecting to access the author’s biographical feelings and impressions of the defunct transcendentalist commune. By situating his romance within a chapter from his own life and then failing to provide any insight as to his biographical experience, Hawthorne invites the reader to consider the changing dynamics of the relationship between author and audience.
“A Deeper and More Conscious Silence”: Aurality in Thoreau and Hawthorne’s Journals and Later Works
Authors: Martin Michael S.
Published: April 2022

Both Hawthorne and Thoreau were observing silence, then creating literary works with fully-developed ideas on silence, at the same time and the same place. Both writers explored issues of silence as correlated to public spectacle, intimacy, inanimate objects, and the natural world. Twenty-first-century readers must reorient themselves to nineteenth-century notions of silence in studying their body of work. This essay attempts to synthesize their ideas together, starting with their early journals from the 1830s.
Science and Technology in Russian Cosmic Utopias from the Beginning of the Twentieth Century: Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Alexander Bogdanov
Authors: Pomarański Marcin
Published: April 2022

The beginning of the twentieth century was a period of an intense development of technological utopia. The advancement of the natural sciences at that time provided scholars and thinkers with a new perspective and a better tool for getting to know the universe. Thanks to this, utopian visions created at that time were more daring and ambitious than their predecessors. It is no coincidence that the first cosmic utopias were created at this time, positioning ideal communities outside the earth. Russian authors Alexander Bogdanov and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky stand out among the creators of such utopias. These two renowned scientists, considered pioneers in their respective areas, presented within the span of slightly more than a decade surprisingly similar visions, one of them taking place on Mars and the other in the cosmic space. What sets the two narratives apart is the role they attribute to science and technology. Regardless of the fact that both utopias are characterized by a high level of scientific development and technological advancement, the scientific-technological factor is a vital determinant of the idealized community in only one of them. The key to understanding this discrepancy may be found in the works of British writer H. G. Wells.
Guns and Gender Roles in Dystopian Settings
Authors: Shor Francis
Published: April 2022

Dystopian settings are often dominated by fear and despair. As instruments and symbols of fear, guns, especially deployed in gendered ways, reinforce the dystopian setting. This article explores how guns and gender roles are represented in three dystopian novels (The Turner Diaries, The Road, and Parable of the Sower) and three dystopian films (Zardoz, The Terminator, and The Road). Examining how phallocentric aggression and toxic masculinity shape how guns are wielded by a number of characters in several of these films and novels, the article also suggests how critical dystopias offer insights into the conditions that create dystopia and impede alternative and better futures. By providing interpretive interventions into the constructions of the specific dystopian settings and the deployment of guns, the article offers new insights into the interface between gender, guns, and dystopia.
Conceptions of Utopia in Modern Liberal Thought: Is There a Liberal Utopia?
Authors: Novak Mikayla
Published: April 2022

This article considers the relationship between modern classical liberalism and utopian theory. The main question we address is: How have key liberal theorists over the past century received utopian visions of the economy, politics, and society? The development of liberalism is commonly associated with strident anti-utopianism, a perception contraindicated by more recent developments in political economy and philosophy. Accommodative liberal engagements with utopia are evident within philosophical discussions addressing the significance of group diversity within free societies, and of maintaining social accord among peoples with divergent beliefs, practices, and other modes of living. This development aligns with a revitalized liberal political economy emphasis upon experimentation and process, which appears congruent with similar tendencies in utopian theory over recent decades. Even liberal critics of utopia, such as Friedrich Hayek, described their own grounded visions of either utopian society, or of piecemeal reforms in a utopian direction. In this article it is argued feasible intellectual opportunities do exist to reconcile liberal theory and utopian conceptions.
Implementing Cloud Education Based on a Government Community Hybrid Model
Authors: Abubakar Kosasih Ali , Ren Minglun
Published: April 2022

The advantages of cloud computing technology are created by the government community hybrid model for education services in offering optimism about information and communication technology infrastructures and resource sharing, provides widely used education services, deployment and feasibility of devices and flexibility of time and place for users, and increase participation from the public and private sector as well as collaboration with government. The purpose of this study is to find models in the learning process in accordance with the character and advantages of this technology with the main role of government to operate, as well as look for relationship between schools, government and society. The research method is qualitative by conducting a literature study and also discussing it with experts. The results of this study consist of the model of the learning process, the implementation strategy and roadmap technology.
Second Stage Intervention (Vacuum Versus Forceps) and Maternal Outcome
Authors: Shah Syeda Hira Ali , Chohan Farha Naz , Shamim Aliya , Zia Mehwish , Bano Erum
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of the second stage intervention and maternal outcome among those undergoing 2nd stage intervention (forceps versus vacuum) at Liaqat University hospital Hyderabad. Material and methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the gynecology and obstetrics department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad during one year from October 2014 to September 2015. Cases having a singleton pregnancy with cephalic presentation as per fresh fetal well-being ultrasound, gestational age 36 weeks or more, undergoing instrumental vaginal deliveries (vacuum or forceps) of either age or parity were included. The position of the head and pelvis and the status of the cervical dilatation were assessed. In the Labor Room, all instrumental forceps and vacuum-assisted deliveries were performed. The time of instrument application, the time of delivery, the type of instrument used, the number of pulls, the number of detachments in the case of ventouse, and the analgesia/anaesthetic provided were all recorded. The consultants who delivered the patient assessed the level of maternal trauma right away. Perineal tears, extension of episiotomy, ulceration of the vagina, cervical tears, and other maternal outcomes were measured. The data were entered and analyzed in the statistical program SPSS version 26.0. Results: During the study period, 2135 pregnant women were identified, with 265 receiving second-stage intervention (14.70%). These women were 27.84+5.13 years old on average. 52.83% women received ventouse/vacuum extraction and 47.16% received forceps assistance. The majority of females 73.58% were un booked. The interval decision-to-delivery was substantially shorter in patients of the forceps group than in the vacuum patient’s group (p-0.0001). Maternal trauma of soft tissues was the most common complication among 58 cases and out of them vaginal tears were significantly higher 18.4% in the Forcep group compared to vacuum group 7.14%, while cervical tear 4% in the Forcep group and 3.57% in the vacuum group and 3rd degree perineal in 8% of the Forcep group and 3.57% in the vacuum group. Findings regarding cervical tear, 3rd degree perineal, PPH, LSCS and other maternal complications were statistically insignificant according to both procedures (p->0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that maternal outcomes in assisted vaginal deliveries suggested that ventouse application is associated with less maternal complications than with forceps. The frequency of the second stage interventions was observed to be 14.70% and no adverse maternal outcomes were observed. Keywords: Vacuum extractor, Obstetric forceps, maternal morbidity
Awareness and Practice of Contraception among Women Coming to Civil Hospital Karachi
Authors: Razaque Rabeeya , Habib Aneela , Shameer Sana , Tariq Gulfishan , Kazi Sarah
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the awareness and practices of contraception among women coming to Civil Hospital Karachi. Methods: A total of 196 women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) attending the labor room, emergency room and outpatient department of Civil Hospital Karachi from 25th of November 2020 to 26th of May 2021 were included. We included Previously delivered as well as undelivered married females who were able to communicate in local language. Data was collected regarding awareness medium and husband’s willingness or role regarding contraception. Results: The average age of the patients was 25.91±4.48 years. Median number of children was 1 [range=1-5] and average pregnancy interval was 11.13±3.49 months. Most of the female (81.12%) were Muslims. There were 112 (57.14%) female who had previous experience of contraception. Awareness and practices of contraception among women was 87 (44%) and 107 (55%) respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings of our Study, 44% of women are aware of and use contraception, whereas 55% of women use contraception. A large part of this is due to a lack of knowledge about its benefits, a lack of resources, and insufficient information about the various ways. Keywords: Contraception, Family planning, contraception practices.
Conflict of Interest Disclosure Disparities Among Male and Female Physician Authors of High Impact Cancer Research Journals
Authors: Chen Shuyi , Roberts Alivia L. , Zhao Kevin , Burke Abigail C. , Ritter Jesse E. , Musto Katherine M. , Piper Brian J.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Clinical research is becoming increasingly reliant on industry sponsorship, with oncology physicians in particular demonstrating dependence on industrial payments. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments program, a federally required reporting system, allows public access to financial exchanges between industry and clinical researchers.

Methods

We investigated if a discrepancy between self-reported and CMS-reported conflicts of interest (COI) existed among physician authors of cancer research journals in the United States. We explored three cancer research journals published from January 2017 to December 2018: Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research, and Nature Reviews Cancer. We inspected article COI statements and cross referenced the last authors to the CMS Open Payments program “General Payments” section. We also characterized the extent of discrepancy among male and female physician authors with a chi-square analysis.

Results

Sixty-seven authors met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 65.2% properly disclosed COIs, while 34.8% failed to do so. The percentage of proper disclosure for Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research, and Natural Reviews Cancer was 77.8%, 63.6% and 50.0%, respectively. In addition, female physician authors were less likely to properly disclose COIs compared to their male counterparts (41.6% vs 74.2%, p = 0.0447).

Discussion

This study found that one-third of published cancer researchers did not properly self-report their COIs. Journals may need to reconsider their policies or include a link to CMS Open Payments to improve transparency and maintain the public’s trust in oncology research.
Analisis Network Security Komputer Tingkat Desa Menggunakan Metode Security Policy Development Life Cycle (SPDLC)
Authors: Yunanri. W  , Yasinta Bella Fitriana
Published: April 2022

Dunia telekomunikasi semakin berkembang mulai pada tahapan Generasi (1G), Generasi2 (2G), Generasi3 (3G), sampai tahap generasi 4 (4G).  manfaat tekneologi ilmu  komputer  banyak memeberikan kemudahan-kemudahan atau fiture-fiture menarik dan canggih, agar di manfaatkan oleh masyarakat luas di Indonesia salah satunya, pengguna wifi pada pemerintahaan tingkat Desa. Adanya kendala yang menyebabkan menurunnya performa akses internet, maka dibutuhkan langkah-langkah menganalisa kendala, faktor utama yang menyebabkan, menurunya performa akses internet kantor Desa. Salah satu metode yang dapat dikembangkan adalah security policy development life cycle (SPDLC) dimana berkaitan dengan keamanan jaringan yang mikrotik. suatu faktor yang penting dalam dunia teknologi. Sasaran keamanan komputer antara lain adalah sebagai perlindungan informasi terhadap pencurian data-data yang dianggap penting oleh suatu lembaga.
İslam Siyaset Düşüncesi Bağlamında Milli Görüş Hareketi ve Siyasal Dinamikleri: Milli Görüş’ün Siyasi Söylemleri Ne Kadar Günceldir?
Authors: AKSAKAL Fatıma
Published: April 2022

İslâm’ın ilk dönemlerinden günümüze kadar gelen süreçte pek çok “Siyasal İslam” düşüncesi ya da hareketi ortaya çıkmıştır ve bu süreçte belirli ilke ve esaslar çerçevesinde siyaset yapılmıştır. Her siyasetin bir çıkış noktası, kaynakları, amacı ve hedefleri olduğu gerçeği göz önüne alınacak olursa İslam Siyaset düşüncesinin de dinamizmini diri tutan çıkış noktaları ve hedefleri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İslam siyaset düşüncesi esasları çerçevesinde Milli Görüş Hareketi ve çalışmaları ele alınmaktadır. İslam dini, siyasetin yöntemine ve kurallara dair ayrıntı vermemekle birlikte temel birkaç hususu vurgulamıştır: Adaletin tesis edilmesi, şura, imar etmek ve ifsadın/fitnenin önlenmesi ve bir de anlaşmalara bağlılık başlıcalarıdır. Bu anlamda Milli Görüş hareketi, temel olarak kendisini Osmanlının devamı olarak görür. Bu yüzden de siyasi söylemlerinde şu hususlara vurgu yapmıştır: Nizam, Selamet, Refah, Fazilet, Saadet, Barış, Büyük Türkiye, Yeniden Büyük Türkiye, Yaşanabilir Türkiye, Bağımsız Türkiye, Adil Düzen, İstişare, Milli Ekonomi, Milli Askeriye, Milli Eğitim, Milli Hukuk, Millî Harp Sanayi, Milli Devlet, Millî Ve Rasyonel Kalkınma, Millî, Güçlü, Süratli, Yaygın Kalkınma Projesi, Fabrika Yapan Fabrika, Ağır Sanayi Hamlesi, Üretmek ve Girişimcilik. Bununla birlikte hukukta; Adaleti Tesis Etme, Zulüm ve Batılla Mücadele, Güç Değil Hak ve Adalet, Savaş Değil Barış, Ayrıştırma Değil Birleştirme, Farklılıkları Kabul Etme ve Yönetme, Milli ve Yerel Değerleri Dikkate Alma, Güçlü Devlet ve Güçlü Ekonomi, toplumsal hayatta; Çok Hukukluluk, Sömürü Değil İmar ve İşbirliği, Baskı Değil İnsan Hakları, Tahakküm Değil Fikir Din ve Vicdan Hürriyeti, Cehalet Değil Şuur, İfsada Emperyalizme Ayrımcılığa Sömürüye ve İşbirlikçiliğe Karşı Mücadele Etme. Tüm bu söylemlerden hareketle bu makalede Milli Görüş Hareketi esasları çerçevesindeki “İslam siyaset düşüncesi çağdaş hayatın ihtiyaçlarına cevap verebilir mi? Çağdaş bir hayatın ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermek üzere tasarlanmış bu İslami siyaset teorisinin temel dinamikleri nelerdir?” gibi temel sorunlar İslam siyaset teorisinin temel esaslarıyla karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınacaktır.
Channeling Franchisee Independence: How Personal Initiative and Self-Awareness Mediate the Relationship Between Desire for Autonomy and Franchise Performance
Authors: McDaniel Michael , McGee Jeffrey , Beeson Michael , Prater Edmund
Published: April 2022

Rooted in self-determination theory (SDT), this paper focuses on the relationship between a franchisee’s desire for autonomy and financial performance. The typical franchise requires system-wide conformity and standardization. Yet, most franchisees are more than merely entrepreneurs with an instruction manual and so they desire independence, and addressing this paradox of desire for autonomy versus the desire for standardization represents a major challenge for franchisors. Utilizing a sample of 274 franchised fitness center locations across the United States, this study reports a negative relationship between a franchisee’s appetite for independence and their center’s financial performance. However, we also report that this adverse relationship is positively mediated when channeled through the franchisee’s personal initiative and self-awareness. These findings suggest that although the desire for autonomy may not be the most desirable franchisee disposition, its detrimental impact on performance may be suppressed if franchisees are aware of their strengths and weaknesses and demonstrate superior initiative and proactive behaviors.
Sport Entrepreneurship: Definition and Conceptualization
Authors: Hammerschmidt Jonas , Kraus Sascha , Jones Paul
Published: April 2022

The domain of sport entrepreneurship has become firmly established in the scientific community, but there remains an ongoing debate about the true meaning of sport entrepreneurship. Is sport entrepreneurship a distinct characteristic of sport, or is it a deduction of innovative behavior to create business in sport? Current conceptual progress is limited in important aspects of opportunity exploitation and value creation. This study offers a fundamental reconciliation based on a thorough literature review on the distinct nature of sport and theoretical constructs of entrepreneurial research to decode and recompose the concept of sport entrepreneurship. The presented effort towards a universally accepted definition is based on a process perspective and by integrating sport-related social entrepreneurship, this study is a prelude to improve the coherence of the future paradigm of sport entrepreneurship.
Roman Pucinski: A Visionary Congressional Leader
Authors: Pula James S.
Published: April 2022

Roman Pucinski served in the US House of Representatives for fourteen years during one of the most turbulent and transformative periods in American history. Protests about the war in Vietnam, racial tensions, and technological development added to what was then an unprecedented number of urban riots, all combined to place exceptional pressure on legislators to respond to the various crises. In all these areas, Pucinski played a leading part in finding solutions to the nation's problems. This article explores his prominent congressional leadership role in promoting positive domestic change against the background of historical events between 1959 and 1973.
Adatvezérelt egészségügyi megoldások a másodlagos adathasználat magyarországi intézményesülési folyamatában
Authors: Davidovics Krisztina , Joó Tamás
Published: April 2022

Az elmúlt mintegy másfél évtized digitális forradalma elvezetett a meglévő adatok, információk elemzésének, hasznosítási lehetőségeinek új korszakába. Megjelent a másodlagos adathasznosítás olyan szisztematikus formája, amely új perspektívába helyezte számos szektor adatgazdálkodási elképzeléseit. Különösen igaz ez az egészségügyi ágazatra, amely Magyarországon az egyik legnagyobb, meglévő adatbázisokra épülő adatvagyonnal rendelkezik. Jelen tanulmány a Semmelweis Egyetem Egészségügyi Közszolgálati Karához kapcsolódóan megvalósított két projekt (mobilcellaadat alapú mozgásmonitorozásra épülő vezetői információs rendszer és mesterséges intelligencia alkalmazással támogatott patológiai diagnosztikai eszköz) bemutatásával vázolja fel az adatvezérelt egészségügy területén megkezdődött intézményesülési folyamatok tapasztalatait, illetve a további kutatások, építkezések jövőbeli lehetőségeit, irányait.
Kompleksowa ocena psychospołecznych warunków pracy kierowców autobusów miejskich i dalekobieżnych
Authors: Kapica Łukasz , Najmiec Andrzej , Baka Łukasz
Published: April 2022

Celem badania przedstawionego w artykule była kompleksowa ocena psychospołecznych warunków pracy kierowców autobusów miejskich i dalekobieżnych. Badaniem objęto 500 kierowców autobusów z 52 różnych firm przewozowych. Narzędziem badawczym był Kopenhaski Kwestionariusz Psychospołecznych Warunków Pracy – COPSOQ II. Analizę przeprowadzono za pomocą testu t-studenta, w którym porównywano średnie wyników kierowców miejskich i dalekobieżnych. Przeprowadzone badanie wykazało, że kierowcy tych pojazdów nie stanowią jednorodnej grupy zawodowej pod kątem występujących zagrożeń psychospołecznych w środowisku pracy. Kierowcy autobusów miejskich mają wyższy poziom wymagań emocjonalnych i tempa pracy, różnią się także od kierowców autobusów dalekobieżnych pod kątem warunków organizacji pracy oraz poziomami stresu i dobrostanu.
Project CleanTechBlock 2 Thermal conductivity measurement of cellular glass samples
Authors:   Aalborg University, Johra Hicham
Published: April 2022

The goal of the project CleanTechBlock 2 is to develop and test a durable and sustainable construction wall element which complies with the building regulations of 2020, and has a certain aesthetics attractiveness. The CleanTechBlock (CTB) prefabricated elements consist of cellular glass insulation blocks mounted in between two layers of brick masonry [1] [2]. The aim of this technical document is to report the results of the different experimental investigations performed on the CTB and other commercial cellular glass samples to determined their thermal conductivity. These experimental investigations have been carried out at the Laboratory of Building Energy and Indoor Environment at the Department of Civil Engineering of Aalborg University (Denmark).
Long-Term Stability and Calibration of the Reference Thermometer ASL F200
Authors:   Aalborg University, Johra Hicham
Published: April 2022

The aim of this technical report is to provide detailed information about the long-term stability of the thermometer ASL F200 (WIKA Instruments Limited [1]) that is used as temperature reference to calibrate other temperature sensors in the Laboratory of Building Energy and Indoor Environment at Aalborg University – Department of the Built Environment [2]. This ASL F200 thermometer is regularly sent for recalibration at the “Temperature Laboratory” of the Danish Technological Institute, which is a National Reference Laboratory [3]. In this report, the stability of the thermometer is assessed as the difference in the temperature reading of the instrument at a specific temperature over time. The latter is calculated as the yearly deviation (or stability) in between consecutive recalibrations, which is equivalent to the difference in the calibration correction term in between two consecutive recalibrations divided by the elapsed time in between these two consecutive recalibrations. The long-term stability of the ASL F200 thermometer is only assessed here for the first channel “Chan 1” of the instrument. All calculations of this technical report are based on calibrations reports from the National Reference Laboratory of the Danish Technological Institute [3]. The main results of those calibration reports can be found in the Appendix at the end of this document.
Description of the Double Skin Façade Full-Scale Test Facilities of Aalborg University
Authors:   Aalborg University, Johra Hicham , Kalyanova Larsen Olena , Zhang Chen , Titov Nikolaisson Ivan , Pommerencke Melgaard Simon
Published: April 2022

The aim of this technical report is to provide detailed information about the two Double Skin Façade (DSF) full-scale test facilities that are used for experimental investigations at the Department of the Built Environment of Aalborg University, namely the “DSF Flow Channel” and the “DSF 23”.
ANALISIS MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI DALAM UPAYA MEMPERTAHANKAN EKSISTENSI PRODUK DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA ROTI PERMATA
Authors: Tiara Tiara , Ali Alam Iskandar
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan upaya yang tepat dalam mempertahankan eksistensi produk pada usaha Roti Permata di kecamatan Rajabasa Kota Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, hasil penelitian dijabarkan secara deskriptif dengan sumber data yang tediri dari wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian diperoleh dari 8 informan, yaitu 1 pemilik, 4 karyawan dan 3 pelanggan pada usaha Roti Permata. Uji kredibilitas data dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan teknik triangulasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat kendala yang dihadapi pada usaha Roti Permata bahwa peralatan yang digunakan untuk proses produksi tergolong mesin lama, hal ini dapat menghambat produksi, sehingga upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan modernisasi mesin karena berpengaruh terhadap kualitas produk. Tekstur roti yang berkurang, upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memperhatikan kualitas bahan baku yang terjaga. Pelayanan pada konsumen tergolong baik, upaya tersebut dilakukan agar pelanggan puas dan merasa nyaman. Mengatur jumlah produksi sesuai stok, upaya yang dilakukan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kerugian terhadap produk yang tidak habis terjual.
Kepemimpinan Ki Hadjar Dewantara dalam Manajemen Dakwah
Authors: Bin Thohir Moh. Muafi
Published: April 2022

The Leadership as a management concept in organizational life has a very strategic position that is always applied in organizational life. Like the concept of Javanese leadership conceptualized by Ki Hadjar Dewantara in his Javanese philosophy, namely Ing ngarsa sung tuladha, Ing madya mangun karsa, Tutwuri handayani which means in front of being an example, in the middle giving guidance, behind giving encouragement. The three philosophies have a relationship between humans, namely the relationship of influence and exemplary between the leader and its members because it is influenced by the authority of the leader. The leadership relationship in da'wah management will lead to the ideal figure in the da'wah organization. because the understanding of da'wah management in general is a scientific concept that focuses on the management of da'wah organizations in which the organization requires a role model leader in accordance with Islamic teachings. This study uses a descriptive-analytic research method with a socio-historical-anthropological approach. This approach is carried out to review a problem from the point of view of history with a system of thinking that follows the rules of logic freely and deeply.         The concept of the Javanese philosophy of Ki Hadjar Dewantara (Ing ngarsa sung tuladha, Ing madya mangun karsa, Tutwuri handayani) is a Javanese leadership concept which can also be called plenary leadership or overall leadership which includes all its exemplary aspects by setting a good example for its members. Ing Ngarsa Sung Tulodo in front set the example. Ing Madya Mangun Karsa is in the middle of providing motivation. Tutwuri Handayani in the back gave encouragement.

 Keywords: Da’wah Management, Javanese, Leadership
The EC Directive Concerning the Importation of Skins of Certain Seal Pups (831129 /EEC): its Compatibility with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
Authors: Reid Donald A
Published: April 2022

Background to the Seals Directive; Possible grounds for its incompatibility with GATT; the use of unilateral measures to achieve environmental protection; whether the Directive has exceeded its usefulness; extra-territorial effect; process and production methods; Compatibility of the Directive with specific GATT articles - necessity of protecting human, animal or plant life or health, conservation of exhaustible natural resources, protection of public morals; Conclusion that the directive does not conflict with GATT.
The Concept of Hazardous Waste in European Community Law
Authors: de Sadeleer Nicolas , Sambon J.
Published: April 2022

Summary: Directive 78/319/EEC on toxic and hazardous waste and difficulties in applying it; negotiations on amending it leading to Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste; the definition in Directive 91/689/EEC: by reference to a list or by designation by Member States; procedure for establishing the list; the Commission's problems in drawing up the list; its adoption in the form of a sub-set of the European Waste Catalogue; likely problems in interpretation; significance of the characteristics listed in Annex III; rebutting the presumption of hazardousness; competence of the Member States in further defining hazardous waste.
Environmental Planning and Spatial Planning from a European Community Perspective
Authors: Deketelaere Kurt
Published: April 2022

Instruments of planning are becoming more and more important as environmental policy instruments, and this at the regional and national policy levels as well as at the European policy level. In this article, environmental policy plannirig (Part II) and spatial policy planning (Part III) will be examined from a European Community perspective. This approach is quite new, especially as regards spatial planning. Therefore, attention will be paid to policy declarations, rules of primary community law and rules of secondary community law. Finally (Part I V), a few suggestions concerning a policy vision and a policy framework will be made, especially as regards spatial planning policy.
Using IS0 14001 to Comply with the Management System Requirements of the U.S. EPA's RMP Rule and the EU's Seveso II Directive
Authors: Thomas William L
Published: April 2022

Requirements of the US Environmental Protection Agency for the preparation and implementation of Risk Management Plans; requirements under the EU Major-Accident Hazards Directives (Seveso I and II) for the preparation of Major-Accident Prevention Policies; an overview of ISO 14001 audits relevance, in four particular aspects - environmental policy, planning, implementation and operation, and checking and corrective action - as a framework for meeting obligations under Risk Management Plans and Major-Accident Prevention Policies; conclusion that a "a hard, realistic assessment is in order" for firms considering implementing ISO 14001, in view of the attendant costs and risks.
The Precautionary Principle in Belgian Jurisprudence: Unknown, Unloved?
Authors: Lavrysen Luc
Published: April 2022

The precautionary principle in soft law instruments, international treaties and Community law; its place in the internal law of the three Regions; the Flemish decree on general environmental policy provisions; its absence from federal legislation except for the proposed bill to protect the marine environment; The functions and procedures of the Court of Arbitration and the Administration Section of the Council of State; Proposition that the precautionary principle might play a part in the proceedings of both at three levels; A survey, with numerous examples, of the jurisprudence of both the Court of Arbitration and the Council of State, showing varying degrees of respect for the precautionary principle; the question whether the principle is already implicitly present; Conclusion that it has not yet been cited before the Court of Arbitration or the Council of State and that it is not established in the legal systems of two of the Regions; the proposition, however, that it may already be in place by virtue of the Constitution.
What Can Be Achieved Using Instruments of Self-Regulation in Environmental Policy Making?
Authors: Sandhövel Armin
Published: April 2022

The current debate on self-regulation, against the background of economic downturn and consequent difficulties for environmental policymaking; the development of cooperative decisionmaking approaches; the relationship with EU policymaking; problems associated with voluntary agreements; the need for clear criteria for using them; a call for a more intensive debate and research into the interaction between goals, instruments and measures.
Harmonisation of Environmental Law and Market Integration: Harmonising for the Wrong Reasons?
Authors: Fatire Michael
Published: April 2022

An economic approach to the question whether harmonisation of the conditions of competition, in particular environmental standards, is necessary to achieve market integration; the impact of the subsidiarity principle on answering the question; the rationales for European environmental measures; criteria for centralisation of environmental issues -trans boundary considerations, the "race for the bottom" and whether lower environmental standards in fact attract industrial investment or encourage relocation, the reduction of transaction costs, and the concept of "European heritage"; consequences for environmental standard-setting: harmonised target standards but differentiated emission limit values according to local circumstances. Conclusion that there is no support for the view that conditions of competition should be harmonised to achieve market integration, but that a balanced answer in respect of which subjects should be regulated centrally and which locally, but nevertheless recognising the continuing value of standardisation of procedures in environmental law, is desirable.
The Beef Hormones Dispute and the Use of National Standards under WTO Law
Authors: Douma Wybe Th. , Jacobs M.
Published: April 2022

The quest for balance between the interests of trade and the interests of the environment; whether it is necessary to amend the WTO/GATT rules to allow members to set their own higher standards for the protection of health, safety, the environment and biodiversity; the GATT 1994; the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade ("TBT"); and the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures ("SPS"); the restraints on members' freedom to adopt and enforce national standards; Article 5 of the SPS-risk assessment, the proportionality test and the precautionary principle The Beef Hormones Case; the EC prohibition on imports of hormone-treated beef and the WTO Panel finding that this contravened WTO law. Conflicts between international and national measures - the WTO and EU situations compared. Conclusion that certain amendments of the SPS might reduce uncertainty about the right of members to set their own standards.
Shifting the Burden of Proof in Chemicals Legislation: the Guiding Principle of the Reform Debate under Scrutiny
Authors: Schmidt Guido , von Holleben Horst
Published: April 2022

Summary: The ``shifting of the burden of proof'' is at the heart of the debate on European chemicals law reform which was started by the European Commission's White Paper ``Strategy for a future chemicals policy.'' This article analyses the allocation of the burden of proof in existing legislation on chemicals and the White Paper's approach within the framework of Registration Evaluation Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH). It also deals with the legal aspect of the authorisation concept in the White Paper, in particular from the viewpoint of the principle of proportionality.
The Draft Constitution for Europe and the Environment – The Impact of Institutional Changes, the Reform of the Instruments and the Principle of Subsidiarity
Authors: Klasing Anneke , von Homeyer Ingmar , Beyer Peter , Coffey Clare
Published: April 2022

Summary: This article presents an analysis of the draft Treaty as submitted by the Convention on the Future of Europe in July 2003. Issues, which at first sight may not appear closely related to the environment, can, in fact, be expected to have crucial implications for EU environmental policy in the long term. The authors identify potential environmental implications and key opportunities for future improvement and point out some of the most important institutional provisions of the draft European Constitution which are likely to have environmental repercussions and yet could be revised as a result of the ongoing negotiations among Member State governments.
Forests and the Environment - Legislation and Policy of the EU
Authors: Ekroos Ari
Published: April 2022

Summary: Forest law and policy has traditionally been managed only at national levels. As traditional forest law dealt with logging-related issues from the macro- and micro-economical point of view, the new global and European approach to the forest is heavily environmentally emphasised with matters such as biodiversity and climate change. Environmental issues have had significant influence on the whole forestry sector and it has been forced to take environmental issues into account. This article introduces various policy actions and pieces of EU legislation related to environmental matters that are important from the forest point of view. The author looks at forest and forest functions and international policy development in a general introduction before beginning an examination of policy issues contained in forest-related policy papers of the EU. He then outlines protection-related issues that can mostly be described legislative matters contained in EU legislation and goes on to focus on sustainable use of the forest in relation to tropical forestry and illegal logging before offering some conclusions, including the suggestion that the deepened and enlarged EU might need even more harmonised forestry legislation to ensure that the requirements are alike in the whole of the EU.