bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Mechanisms for Organoprotective Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide in an Experimental Study
Authors: Kamenshchikov Nikolay O. , Diakova Mariia L. , Podoksenov Yuri K. , Churilina Elena A. , Rebrova Tatiana Yu. , Akhmedov Shamil D. , Maslov Leonid N. , Mukhomedzyanov Alexander V. , Kim Elena B. , Tokareva Ekaterina S. , Kravchenko Igor V. , Boiko Alexander M. , Kozulin Maxim S. , Kozlov Boris N.
Published: March 2024

Performing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and circulatory arrest (CA) provokes the development of complications caused by tissue metabolism, microcirculatory disorders, and endogenous nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms for systemic organoprotective effects of exogenous NO during CPB and CA based on the assessment of dynamic changes in glycocalyx degradation markers, deformation properties of erythrocytes, and tissue metabolism in the experiment. A single-center prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on sheep, n = 24, comprising four groups of six in each. In two groups, NO was delivered at a dose of 80 ppm during CPB (“CPB + NO” group) or CPB and CA (“CPB + CA + NO”). In the “CPB” and “CPB + CA” groups, NO supply was not carried out. NO therapy prevented the deterioration of erythrocyte deformability. It was associated with improved tissue metabolism, lower lactate levels, and higher ATP levels in myocardial and lung tissues. The degree of glycocalyx degradation and endothelial dysfunction, assessed by the concentration of heparan sulfate proteoglycan and asymmetric dimethylarginine, did not change when exogenous NO was supplied. Intraoperative delivery of NO provides systemic organoprotection, which results in reducing the damaging effects of CPB on erythrocyte deformability and maintaining normal functioning of tissue metabolism.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the Effect of A>I(G) RNA-Editing Sites on Genotoxic Drug Response and Progression in Breast Cancer
Authors: Bernal Yanara A. , Blanco Alejandro , Sagredo Eduardo A. , Oróstica Karen , Alfaro Ivan , Marcelain Katherine , Armisén Ricardo
Published: March 2024

Dysregulated A>I(G) RNA editing, which is mainly catalyzed by ADAR1 and is a type of post-transcriptional modification, has been linked to cancer. A low response to therapy in breast cancer (BC) is a significant contributor to mortality. However, it remains unclear if there is an association between A>I(G) RNA-edited sites and sensitivity to genotoxic drugs. To address this issue, we employed a stringent bioinformatics approach to identify differentially RNA-edited sites (DESs) associated with low or high sensitivity (FDR 0.1, log2 fold change 2.5) according to the IC50 of PARP inhibitors, anthracyclines, and alkylating agents using WGS/RNA-seq data in BC cell lines. We then validated these findings in patients with basal subtype BC. These DESs are mainly located in non-coding regions, but a lesser proportion in coding regions showed predicted deleterious consequences. Notably, some of these DESs are previously reported as oncogenic variants, and in genes related to DNA damage repair, drug metabolism, gene regulation, the cell cycle, and immune response. In patients with BC, we uncovered DESs predominantly in immune response genes, and a subset with a significant association (log-rank test p < 0.05) between RNA editing level in LSR, SMPDL3B, HTRA4, and LL22NC03-80A10.6 genes, and progression-free survival. Our findings provide a landscape of RNA-edited sites that may be involved in drug response mechanisms, highlighting the value of A>I(G) RNA editing in clinical outcomes for BC.
Pharmacogenetic Approaches in Personalized Medicine for Postoperative Pain Management
Authors: Ferreira do Couto Maria Leonor , Fonseca Sara , Pozza Daniel Humberto
Published: March 2024

Despite technical and pharmacological advancements in recent years, including optimized therapies and personalized medicine, postoperative pain management remains challenging and sometimes undertreated. This review aims to summarize and update how genotype-guided therapeutics within personalized medicine can enhance postoperative pain management. Several studies in the area have demonstrated that genotype-guided therapy has the ability to lower opioid consumption and improve postoperative pain. Gene mutations, primarily OPRM1, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, COMT and ABCB1, have been shown to exert nuanced influences on analgesic response and related pharmacological outcomes. This review underscores the integration of pharmacogenetic-guided personalized medicine into perioperative care, particularly when there is uncertainty regarding opioid prescriptions. This approach leads to superior outcomes in terms of postoperative pain relief and reduced morbidity for numerous patients.
Apoptotic Vesicles Derived from Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promote Bone Formation through the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Kunkun , Zhu Yuan , Shao Yuzi , Jiang Yuhe , Zhu Lei , Liu Yaoshan , Zhang Ping , Liu Yunsong , Zhang Xiao , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: March 2024

Osteoporosis is a common degenerative bone disease. The treatment of osteoporosis remains a clinical challenge in light of the increasing aging population. Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), a type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are easy to obtain and have a high proliferation ability, playing an important role in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, MSCs undergo apoptosis within a short time when used in vivo; therefore, apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) have attracted increasing attention. Currently, the osteogenic effect of DPSC-derived apoVs is unknown; therefore, this study aimed to determine the role of DPSC-derived apoVs and their potential mechanisms in bone regeneration. We found that MSCs could take up DPSC-derived apoVs, which then promoted MSC osteogenesis in vitro. Moreover, apoVs could increase the trabecular bone count and bone mineral density in the mouse osteoporosis model and could promote bone formation in rat cranial defects in vivo. Mechanistically, apoVs promoted MSC osteogenesis by activating the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway. Consequently, we propose a novel therapy comprising DPSC-derived apoVs, representing a promising approach to treat bone loss and bone defects.
Ursolic Acid Formulations Effectively Induce Apoptosis and Limit Inflammation in the Psoriasis Models In Vitro
Authors: Bielecka Ewa , Zubrzycka Natalia , Marzec Karolina , Maksylewicz Anna , Sochalska Maja , Kulawik-Pióro Agnieszka , Lasoń Elwira , Śliwa Karolina , Malinowska Magdalena , Sikora Elżbieta , Nowak Krzysztof , Miastkowska Małgorzata , Kantyka Tomasz
Published: March 2024

Psoriasis, a prevalent inflammatory skin disorder affecting a significant percentage of the global population, poses challenges in its management, necessitating the exploration of novel cost-effective and widely accessible therapeutic options. This study investigates the potential of ursolic acid (UA), a triterpenoid known for its anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties, in addressing psoriasis-related inflammation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. The research involved in vitro models employing skin and immune cells to assess the effects of UA on psoriasis-associated inflammation. The presented research demonstrates the limiting effects of UA on IL-6 and IL-8 production in response to the inflammatory stimuli and limiting effects on the expression of psoriatic biomarkers S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9. Further, the study reveals promising outcomes, demonstrating UA’s ability to mitigate inflammatory responses and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes by the induction of non-inflammatory apoptosis, as well as a lack of the negative influence on other cell types, including immune cells. Considering the limitations of UA’s poor solubility, hybrid systems were designed to enhance its bioavailability and developed as hybrid nano-emulsion and bi-gel topical systems to enhance bioavailability and effectiveness of UA. One of them in particular–bi-gel–demonstrated high effectiveness in limiting the pathological response of keratinocytes to pro-psoriatic stimulation; this was even more prominent than with ursolic acid alone. Our results indicate that topical formulations of ursolic acid exhibit desirable anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and may be further employed for topical psoriasis treatment.
Photocell-Based Optofluidic Device for Clogging-Free Cell Transit Time Measurements
Authors: Storti Filippo , Bonfadini Silvio , Bondelli Gaia , Vurro Vito , Lanzani Guglielmo , Criante Luigino
Published: March 2024

Measuring the transit time of a cell forced through a bottleneck is one of the most widely used techniques for the study of cell deformability in flow. It in turn provides an accessible and rapid way of obtaining crucial information regarding cell physiology. Many techniques are currently being investigated to reliably retrieve this time, but their translation to diagnostic-oriented devices is often hampered by their complexity, lack of robustness, and the bulky external equipment required. Herein, we demonstrate the benefits of coupling microfluidics with an optical method, like photocells, to measure the transit time. We exploit the femtosecond laser irradiation followed by chemical etching (FLICE) fabrication technique to build a monolithic 3D device capable of detecting cells flowing through a 3D non-deformable constriction which is fully buried in a fused silica substrate. We validated our chip by measuring the transit times of pristine breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and MCF-7 cells treated with Latrunculin A, a drug typically used to increase their deformability. A difference in transit times can be assessed without the need for complex external instrumentation and/or demanding computational efforts. The high throughput (4000–10,000 cells/min), ease of use, and clogging-free operation of our device bring this approach much closer to real scenarios.
A Pilot Study on a Possible Mechanism behind Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: The Association of TAAR1 Downregulation with Neuronal Loss and Inflammation along Olfactory Pathway
Authors: Zhang Mei-Xuan , Hong Hui , Shi Yun , Huang Wen-Yan , Xia Yi-Meng , Tan Lu-Lu , Zhao Wei-Jiang , Qiao Chen-Meng , Wu Jian , Zhao Li-Ping , Huang Shu-Bing , Jia Xue-Bing , Shen Yan-Qin , Cui Chun
Published: March 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized not only by motor symptoms but also by non-motor dysfunctions, such as olfactory impairment; the cause is not fully understood. Our study suggests that neuronal loss and inflammation in brain regions along the olfactory pathway, such as the olfactory bulb (OB) and the piriform cortex (PC), may contribute to olfactory dysfunction in PD mice, which might be related to the downregulation of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) in these areas. In the striatum, although only a decrease in mRNA level, but not in protein level, of TAAR1 was detected, bioinformatic analyses substantiated its correlation with PD. Moreover, we discovered that neuronal death and inflammation in the OB and the PC in PD mice might be regulated by TAAR through the Bcl-2/caspase3 pathway. This manifested as a decrease of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and an increase of the pro-apoptotic protein cleaved caspase3, or through regulating astrocytes activity, manifested as the increase of TAAR1 in astrocytes, which might lead to the decreased clearance of glutamate and consequent neurotoxicity. In summary, we have identified a possible mechanism to elucidate the olfactory dysfunction in PD, positing neuronal damage and inflammation due to apoptosis and astrocyte activity along the olfactory pathway in conjunction with the downregulation of TAAR1.
Breathing Right… or Left! The Effects of Unilateral Nostril Breathing on Psychological and Cognitive Wellbeing: A Pilot Study
Authors: Vanutelli Maria Elide , Grigis Chiara , Lucchiari Claudio
Published: March 2024

The impact of controlled breathing on cognitive and affective processing has been recognized since ancient times, giving rise to multiple practices aimed at achieving different psychophysical states, mostly related to mental clarity and focus, stress reduction, and relaxation. Previous scientific research explored the effects of forced unilateral nostril breathing (UNB) on brain activity and emotional and cognitive functions. Some evidence concluded that it had a contralateral effect, while other studies presented controversial results, making it difficult to come to an unambiguous interpretation. Also, a few studies specifically addressed wellbeing. In the present study, we invited a pilot sample of 20 participants to take part in an 8-day training program for breathing, and each person was assigned to either a unilateral right nostril (URNB) or left nostril breathing condition (ULNB). Then, each day, we assessed the participants’ wellbeing indices using their moods and mind wandering scales. The results revealed that, after the daily practice, both groups reported improved wellbeing perception. However, the effect was specifically related to the nostril involved. URNB produced more benefits in terms of stress reduction and relaxation, while ULNB significantly and increasingly reduced mind-wandering occurrences over time. Our results suggest that UNB can be effectively used to increase wellbeing in the general population. Additionally, they support the idea that understanding the effects of unilateral breathing on wellbeing and cognition requires a complex interpretive model with multiple brain networks to address bottom-up and top-down processes.
Exploring Comprehension Strategies of Modular Process Models: A Combined Eye-Tracking and Concurrent Think-Aloud Study
Authors: Baß Julia , Winter Michael , Pryss Rüdiger , Reichert Manfred
Published: March 2024

The study of complex process models often encounters challenges in terms of comprehensibility. This paper explores using modularization as a strategy to mitigate such challenges, notably the reduction in complexity. Previous research has delved into the comprehensibility of modularized process models, yet an unresolved question about the cognitive factors at play during their comprehension still needs to be answered. Addressing the latter, the paper presents findings from an innovative study combining eye-tracking and concurrent think-aloud techniques involving 25 participants. The study aimed to comprehend how individuals comprehend process models when presented in three different modular formats: flattened process models, models with grouped elements, and models with subprocesses. The results shed light on varying comprehension strategies employed by participants when navigating through these modularized process models. The paper concludes by suggesting avenues for future research guided by these insights.
The Effect of Upright Stance and Vision on a Cognitive Task in Elderly Subjects and Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mirando Marta , Penati Rachele , Godi Marco , Giardini Marica , Nardone Antonio
Published: March 2024

Standing compared to sitting enhances cognitive performance in healthy subjects. The effect of stance on cognitive performance has been addressed here in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). We hypothesized that a simple cognitive task would be less enhanced in PwPD by standing with respect to sitting, because of a larger cognitive effort for maintenance of standing posture than in healthy subjects. We recruited 40 subjects (20 PwPD and 20 age-matched healthy subjects, HE). Each participant performed an arithmetic task (backward counting aloud by 7) in two postural states, sitting and standing, with eyes open (EO) and with eyes closed (EC). All trials lasted 60 s and were randomized across subjects and conditions. The number of correct subtractions per trial was an index of counting efficiency and the ratio of correct subtractions to total subtractions was an index of accuracy. All conditions collapsed, the efficiency of the cognitive task was significantly lower in PwPD than HE, whilst accuracy was affected to a lower extent. Efficiency significantly improved from sitting to standing in HE under both visual conditions whilst only with EO in PwPD. Accuracy was not affected by posture or vision in either group. We suggest that standing, compared to sitting, increases arousal, thus improving the cognitive performance in HE. Conversely, in PwPD this improvement was present only with vision, possibly due to their greater balance impairment with EC consuming an excess of attentional resources. These findings have implications for balance control and the risk of falling in PwPD in the absence of visual cues.
Deciphering Post-Stroke Sleep Disorders: Unveiling Neurological Mechanisms in the Realm of Brain Science
Authors: Chen Pinqiu , Wang Wenyan , Ban Weikang , Zhang Kecan , Dai Yanan , Yang Zhihong , You Yuyang
Published: March 2024

Sleep disorders are the most widespread mental disorders after stroke and hurt survivors’ functional prognosis, response to restoration, and quality of life. This review will address an overview of the progress of research on the biological mechanisms associated with stroke-complicating sleep disorders. Extensive research has investigated the negative impact of stroke on sleep. However, a bidirectional association between sleep disorders and stroke exists; while stroke elevates the risk of sleep disorders, these disorders also independently contribute as a risk factor for stroke. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of stroke-induced sleep disorders. Possible influences were examined, including functional changes in brain regions, cerebrovascular hemodynamics, neurological deficits, sleep ion regulation, neurotransmitters, and inflammation. The results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of stroke complicating sleep disorders.
Embodied Carbon Premium for Cantilevers
Authors: Helal James , Trabucco Dario , Ruggiero David , Miglietta Paola , Perrucci Giovanni
Published: March 2024

This study addresses the critical need for sustainable architectural designs within the context of climate change and the significant role the built environment plays in greenhouse gas emissions. The focus of this paper is on understanding the influence of unbalanced cantilevers on the embodied carbon of structural systems in buildings, a subject that has, until now, remained underexplored despite its importance in architectural innovation and environmental sustainability. Employing a case study approach, the Melbourne School of Design (MSD) building serves as a primary example to assess the embodied carbon implications of cantilevered versus supported structures. The methodological framework encompasses a comparative embodied carbon assessment utilising an input–output-based hybrid life cycle inventory analysis approach. The findings reveal that unbalanced cantilevers in buildings, exemplified by the MSD building, can lead to a 10% increase in embodied carbon compared to alternative designs incorporating supporting columns. Such findings underscore the environmental premium for cantilevers, prompting a re-evaluation of design practices towards minimising embodied carbon. Through this investigation, the research contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable construction practices, offering valuable insights for both design practitioners and educators in the pursuit of improving the environmental performance of the built environment.
Laser-Induced Copper/Carbon Nanocomposite from Anodically Electrodeposited Chitosan for H2O2 Sensing
Authors: Zafar Usama , Rai Prince Kumar , Gupta Ankur , Korvink Jan G. , Badilita Vlad , Islam Monsur
Published: March 2024

This work presents anodically electrodeposited copper (Cu)/chitosan gel as a novel precursor for synthesizing a Cu/carbon nanocomposite through laser-induced carbonization. Metal/carbon nanocomposites offering advantageous properties compared to their individual counterparts stand out in various applications, particularly in those involving electrochemical phenomena. However, their synthesis often suffers from complicated and time-consuming synthesis procedures. Here, we integrate anodic electrodeposition and laser-induced carbonization to yield a rapid, simple, and inexpensive procedure for synthesizing metal/carbon nanocomposite. A precursor composite involving Cu-coordinated chitosan film is achieved through anodic electrodeposition on a copper anode. Irradiation by an infrared laser with optimized parameters results in the thermochemical decomposition of the Cu/chitosan composite, rapidly forming a nanocomposite material featuring highly graphitized and porous carbon materials. Elemental mapping confirms the formation of the nanocomposite, although no crystalline phases of copper are observed during X-ray diffraction. This can be attributed to the rapid nature of the laser-carbonization process. The nanocomposite material is further demonstrated for electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), exhibiting a sensitivity of 2.65 mM−1 for concentrations ranging from 0.01 mM to 0.1 mM H2O2, and 0.01 ± 0.01 mM−1 for concentrations from 0.1 to 10 mM H2O2. These sensitivities are comparable to other non-enzymatic H2O2 biosensors. The finding of this work signifies a rapid and facile method for synthesizing metal/carbon nanocomposites with strong implications for the field of biosensors.
Emerging New Targets in Systemic Therapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Yun Karen M. , Bazhenova Lyudmila
Published: March 2024

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a heterogeneous cancer composed of distinct molecular and pathologic subtypes. Unfortunately, MPM is aggressive, and current therapies for advanced, unresectable disease remain limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Our understanding of the genomic landscape of MPM is steadily growing, while the discovery of effective targeted therapies in MPM has advanced more slowly than in other solid tumors. Given the prevalence of alterations in tumor suppressor genes in MPM, it has been challenging to identify actionable targets. However, efforts to characterize the genetic signatures in MPM over the last decade have led to a range of novel targeted therapeutics entering early-phase clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the advancements made thus far in targeted systemic therapies in MPM and the future direction of targeted strategies in patients with advanced MPM.
Sex-Specific Expression of Histone Lysine Demethylases (KDMs) in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Shobab Leila , Zheng Hui , Jensen Kirk , Mendonca-Torres Maria Cecilia , McCoy Matthew , Hoperia Victoria , Rosen Jennifer , Wartofsky Leonard , Burman Kenneth , Vasko Vasyl
Published: March 2024

Background: The incidence of thyroid cancer in women is 3–4-fold higher than in men. To characterize sex-specific molecular alterations in thyroid cancer, we examined the expression of sex-biased genes in normal thyroids and thyroid tumors. Methods: Ingenuity pathways analysis was used to define sex-biased gene networks using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Confirmatory studies were performed through the analysis of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) expression by real-time PCR and immunostaining. Results: In normal thyroids, 44 sex-biased genes were comparatively upregulated in male and 28 in female patients. The expressions of 37/72 (51%) sex-biased genes were affected in cancer tissues compared with normal thyroids. Gene network analyses revealed sex-specific patterns in the expressions of KDM5C, KDM5D, and KDM6A. In confirmatory studies, KDM5D mRNA and protein were detected only in males, whereas KDM5C and KDM6A were detected in samples from male and female patients. Nuclear staining with anti-KDMs was found in normal thyroids, but a loss of nuclear expression with a concomitant gain of cytoplasmic staining was observed in cancer tissues. Conclusions: Normal thyroids have a sex-specific molecular signature, and the development of thyroid cancer is associated with a differential expression of sex-biased genes. The sex-specific expression of KDMs, coupled with cancer-related alterations in their intracellular localization, may contribute to mechanisms underlying sex differences in thyroid tumorigenesis.
Predictors of Progression in a Series of 81 Adult Patients Surgically Managed for an Intracranial Hemangioblastoma: Implications for the Postoperative Follow-Up
Authors: Garrido Elisabeth , Ngoc Huy Le , Guyotat Jacques , Pelissou-Guyotat Isabelle , Jacquesson Timothée , Delabar Violaine , Manet Romain , Gallet Clémentine , Fenouil Tanguy , Streichenberger Nathalie , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Meyronet David , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Ducray François , Dumot Chloe , Picart Thiebaud
Published: March 2024

The aim was to identify predictors of progression in a series of patients managed for an intracranial hemangioblastoma, in order to guide the postoperative follow-up modalities. The characteristics of 81 patients managed for an intracranial hemangioblastoma between January 2000 and October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age at diagnosis was of 48 ± 16 years. Eleven (14%) patients had von Hippel–Lindau disease. The most frequent tumor location was the cerebellar hemispheres (n = 51, 65%) and 11 (14%) patients had multicentric hemangioblastomas. A gross total resection was achieved in 75 (93%) patients. Eighteen (22%) patients had a local progression, with a median progression-free survival of 56 months 95% CI [1;240]. Eleven (14%) patients had a distant progression (new hemangioblastoma and/or growth of an already known hemangioblastoma). Local progression was more frequent in younger patients (39 ± 14 years vs. 51 ± 16 years; p = 0.005), and those with von Hippel–Lindau disease (n = 8, 44% vs. n = 3, 5%, p < 0.0001), multiple cerebral locations (n = 3, 17% vs. n = 2, 3%, p = 0.02), and partial tumoral resection (n = 4, 18% vs. n = 1, 2%, p = 0.0006). Therefore, it is advisable to propose a postoperative follow-up for at least 10 years, and longer if at least one predictor of progression is present.
Assessing Trifecta and Pentafecta Success Rates between Robot-Assisted vs. Open Radical Cystectomy: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Gavi Filippo , Foschi Nazario , Fettucciari Daniele , Russo Pierluigi , Giannarelli Diana , Ragonese Mauro , Gandi Carlo , Balocchi Giovanni , Francocci Alessandra , Bizzarri Francesco Pio , Marino Filippo , Filomena Giovanni Battista , Palermo Giuseppe , Totaro Angelo , Racioppi Marco , Bientinesi Riccardo , Sacco Emilio
Published: March 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) versus open radical cystectomy (ORC) using trifecta and pentafecta parameters. Methods: The clinical data of 41 patients who underwent RARC between 2018 and 2022 were prospectively collected and retrospectively compared to those of 330 patients undergoing ORC using 1:1 propensity score matching. Trifecta was defined as simultaneous negative surgical margins (SMs), a lymph node (LN) yield ≥ 16, and the absence of major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade III–V) within 90 days postoperatively. Pentafecta additionally included a 12-month recurrence-free rate and a time between the transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT) and radical cystectomy (RC) ≤ 3 months. The continuous variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test, and the categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Results: No statistically significant differences in trifecta and pentafecta success rates were observed between the RARC and ORC cohorts after propensity score matching. However, the RARC group exhibited significantly reduced blood loss (RARC: 317 mL vs. ORC: 525 mL, p = 0.01). Conclusions: RARC offers distinct advantages over ORC in terms of reduced blood loss, while trifecta and pentafecta success rates do not differ significantly between the two surgical approaches.
RUVBL1 in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Unraveling Prognostic Significance and Correlation with HIF1A
Authors: Durślewicz Justyna , Wybierała Aleksandra Maria , Szczepanek Sara , Antosik Paulina , Jaworski Damian , Grzanka Dariusz
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the roles of RUVBL1 and HIF1A in ccRCC development and explores their clinical significance as prognostic biomarkers. mRNA and protein expressions were analyzed using TCGA data and an institutional tissue cohort, respectively. Correlations with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes were assessed. TCGA data revealed significantly elevated RUVBL1 mRNA expression in ccRCC tissues, associated with advanced histological grade, T stage, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage. High RUVBL1 mRNA expression correlated with inferior overall survival and served as an adverse prognostic factor. Similarly, HIF1A mRNA expression was significantly higher in ccRCC tissues, correlating with worse overall survival and acting as an adverse prognostic factor for treatment outcomes. Simultaneous evaluation of RUVBL1 and HIF1A mRNA expression demonstrated enhanced prognostic capacity, surpassing the predictive power of individual markers. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed substantial upregulation of both RUVBL1 and HIF-1α proteins in ccRCC tissues. Furthermore, high expression of both RUVBL1 and HIF-1α proteins was significantly associated with shorter patient survival time. Our findings underscore the significance of RUVBL1 and HIF-1α as potential prognostic markers in ccRCC, paving the way for further research to translate these insights into clinically relevant applications.
The Translation of Nanomedicines in the Contexts of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair
Authors: Wang Wenqian , Yong Joel , Marciano Paul , O’Hare Doig Ryan , Mao Guangzhao , Clark Jillian
Published: March 2024

Purpose of this review: Manipulating or re-engineering the damaged human spinal cord to achieve neuro-recovery is one of the foremost challenges of modern science. Addressing the restricted permission of neural cells and topographically organised neural tissue for self-renewal and spontaneous regeneration, respectively, is not straightforward, as exemplified by rare instances of translational success. This review assembles an understanding of advances in nanomedicine for spinal cord injury (SCI) and related clinical indications of relevance to attempts to design, engineer, and target nanotechnologies to multiple molecular networks. Recent findings: Recent research provides a new understanding of the health benefits and regulatory landscape of nanomedicines based on a background of advances in mRNA-based nanocarrier vaccines and quantum dot-based optical imaging. In relation to spinal cord pathology, the extant literature details promising advances in nanoneuropharmacology and regenerative medicine that inform the present understanding of the nanoparticle (NP) biocompatibility–neurotoxicity relationship. In this review, the conceptual bases of nanotechnology and nanomaterial chemistry covering organic and inorganic particles of sizes generally less than 100 nm in diameter will be addressed. Regarding the centrally active nanotechnologies selected for this review, attention is paid to NP physico-chemistry, functionalisation, delivery, biocompatibility, biodistribution, toxicology, and key molecular targets and biological effects intrinsic to and beyond the spinal cord parenchyma. Summary: The advance of nanotechnologies for the treatment of refractory spinal cord pathologies requires an in-depth understanding of neurobiological and topographical principles and a consideration of additional complexities involving the research’s translational and regulatory landscapes.
Examining the Moderating Role of Parental Stress in the Relationship between Parental Beliefs on Corporal Punishment and Its Utilization as a Behavior Correction Strategy among Colombian Parents
Authors: González Martha Rocío , Trujillo Angela
Published: March 2024

Understanding beliefs about corporal punishment is crucial, as evidence suggests that positive beliefs in its effectiveness predict its use. High parental stress, especially in those valuing corporal punishment, increases the potential for child abuse. Factors such as having many children or low education and socioeconomic status contribute to parental tensions, leading to the use of corporal punishment for behavior correction. We posit that the accumulation of such variables results in heightened stress levels. Our focus aimed to determine the moderating role of stress levels among parental beliefs about corporal punishment and its reported use through quantitative research. In our study, 853 Colombian parents of low, middle, and high socioeconomic status, and from four different regions of Colombia, with children aged 0 to 17 participated. They provided information about their beliefs on corporal punishment, using the Beliefs and Punishment Scale. Correlations indicated that older parents with better socioeconomic status were less inclined to believe that strictness improves children. Regressions suggested that increased belief in corporal punishment modifying behavior, along with higher parental stress, increases corporal punishment use. Moderation models highlighted that when more stressors were present, corporal punishment was used due to stress rather than parental beliefs. Ultimately, stress emerged as a crucial factor influencing corporal punishment use among Colombian parents.
Missed Monteggia Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Treatment Algorithm
Authors: Wintges Kristofer , Cramer Christopher , Mader Konrad
Published: March 2024

Monteggia injuries are rare childhood injuries. In 25–50% of cases, however, they continue to be overlooked, leading to a chronic Monteggia injury. Initially, the chronic Monteggia injury is only characterized by a moderate motion deficit, which is often masked by compensatory movements. Later, however, there is a progressive valgus deformity, neuropathy of the ulnar nerve and a progressive deformity of the radial head (“mushroom deformity”) with ultimately painful radiocapitellar arthrosis. In the early stages, when the radial head is not yet deformed and there is no osteoarthritis in the humeroradial joint, these injuries can be treated with reconstruction procedures. This can be achieved either by an osteotomy of the proximal ulna with or without gradual lengthening. If there is already a severe deformity of the radial head and painful osteoarthritis, only rescue procedures such as functional radial head resection or radial head resection with or without hemi-interposition arthroplasty can be used to improve mobility and, above all, to eliminate pain. In this review article, we provide an overview of the current treatment options of chronic Monteggia injury in children and adolescents and present a structured treatment algorithm depending on the chronicity and dysplastic changes.
Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase-Promoter Mutation in Young Patients with Bladder Tumors
Authors: Pérez González Sonia , Heredia-Soto Victoria , Girón de Francisco Manuel , Pérez-Fernández Elia , Casans-Francés Rubén , Mendiola Sabio Marta , González-Peramato Pilar
Published: March 2024

The TERT (Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) gene promoter mutation is one of the most prevalent mutations in urothelial bladder tumors and this mutation is related to bladder tumor progression. Our purpose was to evaluate the presence of this mutation in a population of patients who were first diagnosed at age ≤ 40 years and to examine its relationship with tumor characteristics and progression. A molecular study was performed to detect the two most prevalent mutations in the TERT promoter (C228T and C250T). The study included 29 patients, with a mean follow-up of 152 months. There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical or tumor characteristics according to the presence or absence of the mutation. Although the mutation group showed poorer recurrence-free survival (RFS), there was no statistically significant difference and there was no difference in progression-free survival by group (p > 0.05). The pTERT mutations in bladder tumor cells occurred less frequently in younger patients than in older patients, a finding that could indicate different mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The trend towards lower RFS in patients with mutated pTERT needs to be confirmed by further studies, given the small number of patients included in these studies due to the low incidence of bladder tumors in this age group.
Optimizing Renewable Energy Integration through Innovative Hybrid Microgrid Design: A Case Study of Najran Secondary Industrial Institute in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abusaq Mana , Zohdy Mohamed A.
Published: March 2024

Amidst a growing global focus on sustainable energy, this study investigates the underutilization of renewable resources in the southern region of Saudi Arabia, with a specific emphasis on the Najran Secondary Industrial Institute (NSII). This research presents an in-depth analysis of installing a hybrid microgrid (MG) system on the roofs of NSII buildings, exploring six cases with varying tilt and azimuth angles. The study innovatively integrates architectural design and system administration, a novel approach for this location, and benchmarks the optimal angles against Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software defaults. The proposed system consists of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, a battery storage system (BSS), a converter, a diesel generator (DG), and a grid. The selected model balances technological and economic viability with environmental considerations, ensuring a reliable power supply within the NSII’s roof area constraints. An extensive sensitivity analysis evaluates the system’s resilience across different scenarios. The current system, which is grid-only, has an estimated Net Present Cost (NPC) of about USD 7.02M and emits 1.81M kg/yr of CO2. The findings point to installing a microgrid with a 20.97° tilt and 50° azimuth angle as optimal, demonstrating 54.69% lower NPC and 92% lower CO2 emissions, along with zero kWh/year unmet electrical load when applying the resilience assessments. This outcome highlights Saudi Arabia’s southern region’s renewable energy potential, aligning with national mega-projects and energy initiatives.
Enhancement of Antibacterial Silk Face Covering with the Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Garcinia mangostana Linn. Peel and Andrographis paniculata Extract and a Bacterial Cellulose Filter
Authors: Phromphen Phannaphat , Phoophat Pithalai , Sukatta Udomlak , Rugthaworn Prapassorn , Rungruangkitkrai Nattadon , Tuntariyanond Pawarin , Chartvivatpornchai Nawarat , Sichola Preeyanuch , Boonyarit Jirachaya , Apipatpapha Thanyachol , Chollakup Rungsima
Published: March 2024

Since the late 2010-s and early 2020s, people around the world have not only encountered the pandemic crisis, but also in some places, they have had to deal with serious levels of air pollution. Personal protective equipment is essential to protect from microorganisms or fine particulate matter. Consequently, this study aimed to develop a silk face covering that could meet the international requirements with the addition of having an antibacterial property. The developed silk face covering consisted of three layers; the outer layer was water-repellent mulberry silk, the inner layer was oil-repellent eri silk, while the middle layer was cotton fabric coated with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from mangosteen peels mixed with Andrographis paniculata extract. A biodegradable bacterial cellulose filter made of nata de coco waste was also prepared to improve filtration efficiency. It was found that the silver nanoparticles extracted from mangosteen peel and Andrographis paniculata inhibited S. aureus and E. coli by more than 99.9%, even after 20 washing cycles. The performance properties of the silk barrier face covering met Level I of the ASTM F3502-2021 standard, as well as being comfortable for public use.
Combined Terahertz Pulsed Imaging and Optical Coherence Tomography Detection Method for Multiple Defects in Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Luo Manting , Zhong Shuncong , Huang Yi , Zhang Zhenghao , Tu Wanli
Published: March 2024

While thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are being sprayed onto aero-engine turbine blades, or while the engine blade is working, high temperatures and strong impact forces will damage TBCs under thermal cycles, resulting in the coating peeling off from the blades. The current method of using ECT, IRT, or another method alone cannot achieve the real-time detection of coating defects with both high precision and high penetration power. Two detection methods, namely, terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), were combined to evaluate typical defects observed in TBCs (including internal debonding cracks, surface high-temperature cracks, and surface etched cracks). The results showed that the OCT system successfully obtained the micron-level axial resolution, but the detection depth of the OCT system was limited. The TPI system achieved a higher penetration depth than OCT—hence, it can be used for the nondestructive detection and evaluation of the internal debonding defects in the sample—but its resolution needs to be improved. Following this conclusion, a method is proposed using TPI and OCT concurrently for the nondestructive testing and quantitative evaluation of TBCs on etched cracks, thus achieving progress both in terms of depth and resolution. In our experiment, defects with a depth of 519 μm and a width of 100 μm were measured. The proposed method is suitable for situations where multiple defects in TBC samples of blades need to be detected simultaneously during the working process. When there are defects deep inside the sample, more small cracks on the surface can be evaluated to achieve a combination of depth and accuracy.
Borneol-Modified Chitosan Coating with Antibacterial Properties via Layer-by-Layer Strategy
Authors: Xie Zixu , Zheng Zhiran , Chen Chen , Li Guofeng , Wang Xing
Published: March 2024

Chitosan exhibits remarkable broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, especially in acidic environments. However, its poor solubility in water and significantly decreased antibacterial performance after membrane formation greatly limit its extensive application. To address this issue, glycol chitosan-4-pyridylcarboxaldehydeborneol (GCBP) was synthesized by conjugating glycol chitosan (GC) with 4-pyridylcarboxaldehydeborneol ester (BP) through dynamic Schiff base bonds utilizing a layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy. When bacteria come into contact with the surface, the local acidic microenvironment triggers the cleavage of the Schiff base, resulting in the release of bactericidal BP and GC for combined sterilization. In vitro results demonstrated that the antibacterial properties of GCBP were positively related to the modification layers. The excellent antibacterial performance of the GCBP modification demonstrates not only great potential for clinical urinary catheters but also for broad antibacterial applications in the medical field.
Controlled Synthesis of Mg-MOF-74 and Its CO2 Adsorption in Flue Gas
Authors: Xin Chunling , Hou Shufen , Yu Lei , Zhou Xiaojing , Fu Yunkai , Yang Xiaoteng , Sun Weiwei , Yang Fan , Wang Xia , Liu Lili
Published: March 2024

Yellow nanorod Mg-MOF-74 was obtained through a solvothermal synthesis method. The XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, SEM, and TGA results suggest that the particle size of Mg-MOF-74 reaches 400 nm after the introduction of sodium acetate in the precursor of Mg-MOF-74. Furthermore, the morphology of Mg-MOF-74 changed from cauliflower- to rod-shaped particles. At the same time, the BET specific surface area and pore volume of Mg-MOF-74 also increased a lot. Then, the CO2 dynamic adsorption capacity of Mg-MOF-74 was measured with a self-made fixed bed at 30 °C and a 0.1 bar CO2 partial pressure. The results show that the CO2 adsorption capacity of Mg-MOF-74-N2 reaches 3.67 mmol/g, and its CO2 adsorption capacity remains unchanged after 10 CO2 adsorption–desorption cycles.
Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Fe3Al/Cr3C2 Composites
Authors: Wang Yaohui , Feng Yingkai , Sun Xiaohu , Liu Shaoquan , Chen Guoqiang
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a brake cylinder coating comprising a composite material of an Fe3Al and Cr3C2 mixed powder was prepared by adding laser cladding onto carbon structural steel. We studied the influence of process parameters on the microstructure and tribological properties of the cladding materials using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and 3D white light interferometer and wear tests. The influence of different processes on the morphology of the carbide strengthening phase was found to be relatively small with a Cr3C2 content of 15 wt.%. The carbides mainly exhibited a network structure in each group of cladding layers. The area of the network strengthening phase varied under different processes. Of the cladding layers formed with different processes, the scanning speed of the 0.003 m/s cladding layer had the lowest wear rate. When the laser power was too low or the powder feed rate was too high, unmelted Cr3C2 particles could be found in the cladding layer. During the wear process, the particles peeled off, causing severe abrasive wear. When the powder feeding rate was too low, more materials in the base material entered the cladding layer. This made the composition of the cladding layer similar to that of the grinding material, resulting in severe adhesive wear.
Generalized Approach to Optimal Polylinearization for Smart Sensors and Internet of Things Devices
Authors: Marinov Marin B. , Dimitrov Slav
Published: March 2024

This study introduces an innovative numerical approach for polylinear approximation (polylinearization) of non-self-intersecting compact sensor characteristics (transfer functions) specified either pointwise or analytically. The goal is to partition the sensor characteristic optimally, i.e., to select the vertices of the approximating polyline (approximant) along with their positions, on the sensor characteristics so that the distance (i.e., the separation) between the approximant and the characteristic is rendered below a certain problem-specific tolerance. To achieve this goal, two alternative nonlinear optimization problems are solved, which differ in the adopted quantitative measure of the separation between the transfer function and the approximant. In the first problem, which relates to absolutely integrable sensor characteristics (their energy is not necessarily finite, but they can be represented in terms of convergent Fourier series), the polylinearization is constructed by the numerical minimization of the L1-metric (a distance-based separation measure), concerning the number of polyline vertices and their locations. In the second problem, which covers the quadratically integrable sensor characteristics (whose energy is finite, but they do not necessarily admit a representation in terms of convergent Fourier series), the polylinearization is constructed by numerically minimizing the L2-metric (area- or energy-based separation measure) for the same set of optimization variables—the locations and the number of polyline vertices.