bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Open Study of Mupirocin in Libyan Patients with Skin Infections
Authors: Ferghani N El
Published: January 2017

In an open study in Libya 48 patients suffering from skin infections, usually caused by staphylococci and streptococci, were treated with a new topical antibiotic, mupirocin, applied three times daily for 7 days. By day 7 of treatment 93.5% of patients were asymptomatic and were considered cured, and 100% were considered cured 1 week later. In total, 50 bacterial strains were isolated, of which, 86% were staphylococci and 14% were streptococci. Neither adverse events nor cutaneous reactions were reported. Mupirocin 2% ointment proved to be effective and safe in the treatment of primary and secondary skin infections.

Quarante-huit patients souffrant d'infections de la peau et des tissus mous, causées habituellement par des Staphylocoques et des Streptocoques furent traités par un nouvel antibiotique topique, la mupirocine, appliquée trois fois par jour pendant 7 jours, dans une étude ouverte réalisée en Lybie. Au jour 7, le taux de réponse au traitement était de 93.5% pour atteindre 100% une semaine plus tard. Au total, 50 souches bactériennes furent isolées, uniquement des staphylocoques (86%) et streptocoques (14%); aucun effet secondaire au traitement ne fut rapporté. La mupirocine, pommade à 2%, s'est montrée eficace et sûre dans le traitement des infections primaires et secondaires de la peau et des tissus mous.
Speculations on the Influence of Electromagnetism on Genomic and Associated Structures
Authors: Jacobson J I
Published: January 2017

Recent clinical and experimental works in the area of bioelectromagnetics are reviewed and considered from a physical viewpoint. An equation relating the intrinsic (or ‘rest’) energy of a charged particle with its energy of interaction in an externally applied magnetic field is proposed. This equation is intended to represent an initial basic physical interaction which may be part of a more complex biological mechanism that may explain the potential effects of externally applied magnetic fields. Speculations are presented on the potential use of magnetic fields for the non-invasive treatment of such diverse conditions such as cancer, AIDS and neurological disorders.
Activity of Nadifloxacin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Skin Infections: Comparative Study with Seven other Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Nishijima S , Nakagawa M , Tsuboi N , Akamatsu H , Horio T , Fujita M , Kawabata S
Published: January 2017

The in vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) to nadifloxacin and seven other fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin) was evaluated. The MRSA isolates were isolated from 114 skin infections between 1991 and 1994. Nadifloxacin exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and there were no MRSA isolates resistant to nadifloxacin, while there were some resistant to all of the other seven fluoroquinolones. The minimum concentrations of these drugs needed to cause 50% inhibition of the isolates increased dramatically from 1991 to 1992, but has hardly changed since 1992.
Beneficial Effects of Allopurinol on Glutathione Levels and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Rat Ischaemic Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Alataş Ö , Şahin A , Çolak Ö , Inal M , Köken T , Yaşar B , Karahüseyino͂lu E
Published: January 2017

The protective effect of allopurinol, an inhibitor of the enzyme, xanthine oxidase, against the renal ischaemia–reperfusion of the rat was investigated. Rats were subjected to renal ischaemia by clamping of the left renal artery and vein for 45 min, and were then reperfused for 24 h; these animals were randomized to receive either saline ( n = 10) or allopurinol ( n = 10) at a dose of 50 mg/kg bolus intraperitoneally 5 min before reperfusion. The control group comprised seven healthy rats not exposed to ischaemia or reperfusion. The blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine levels were increased in the allopurinol group, but the increase was less than that in the placebo group, compared with the controls. The kidney glutathione level was significantly reduced in the placebo group but not in the allopurinol group compared with the controls. The glutathione peroxidase activity in the kidney tissues was reduced more than two-fold in the placebo group compared with the controls, but the reduction in glutathione peroxidase was considerably less in the allopurinol group. Renal tissue lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, γ-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase activities were reduced almost two-fold in the placebo group, but allopurinol treatment maintained these enzyme activities close to the control activities. These results provide evidence that allopurinol treatment may have beneficial effects on antioxidant defences against ischaemia-reperfusion injury of rat kidneys.
A Novel Enzymatic Assay for the Quantification of Skin Surface Lipids
Authors: Ito A , Kitamura K , Sato K , Akamatsu H
Published: January 2017

The applicability of a novel enzymatic assay for quantifying skin surface lipids was investigated experimentally. The standard curves for the assays of glycerol esters, free fatty acids, and cholesterol and its esters were linear over a wide range of lipid concentrations, which ensures the accuracy of measurements. The assay system also showed good simultaneous reproducibility. There were significant positive correlations ( P < 0.001) between the quantities of glycerol esters, free fatty acids, and cholesterol and its esters sampled from the skin surface of women when measured by the enzymatic assay compared with the gas chromatographic method. The enzymatic assay was applied to studies of the relationships between age, acne and menstrual cycle, and skin surface lipids in women. The quantities of glycerol esters and free fatty acids reached peaks in females in their twenties and thirties. Increased quantities of glycerol esters, free fatty acids, and cholesterol and its esters were observed in women with acne compared with women without acne. Among the women with acne, those in the premenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle showed increased levels of glycerol esters, free fatty acids, and cholesterol and its esters compared with those in the menstrual phase. The results suggest that the enzymatic method is a satisfactory new technique for the quantification of skin surface lipids.
Do Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Induce Sister Chromatid Exchanges in T Lymphocytes?
Authors: Ozkul Y , Erenmemisoglu A , Ekecik A , Saatci C , Ozdamar S , Demirtas H
Published: January 2017

The genetic toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was investigated using the sister chromatid exchange technique in cultured human lymphocytes. A total of 48 patients were treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, diclofenac or acetylsalicylic acid) for 2 weeks. The average numbers of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured lymphocytes from the patients, before and after treatment with these drugs, did not differ significantly ( P > 0.05). These results indicate that treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 2 weeks does not induce sister chromatid exchanges in T lymphocytes.
Comparison of Roxatidine and Famotidine on Nocturnal Gastric Juice Secretion
Authors: Tanioka H , Kaga K
Published: January 2017

Adult patients with symptoms of gastric disease were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (roxatidine group, n = 115; famotidine group, n = 113) or untreated control group (placebo, n = 111). The treatment groups randomly received 75 mg of roxatidine or 20 mg of famotidine at 9 pm, and 12 – 13 h later gastric juice secretion was measured with gastric X-ray films in both groups. Mean gastric juice secretion was significantly lower in the treated groups (roxatidine, 16.1 ml/12 h; famotidine, 19.9 ml/12 h) than in the untreated controls (placebo, 49.5 ml/12 h). Gastric juice suppression by roxatidine and by famotidine, respectively, was 82% and 37% in patients with gastric ulcer; 71% and 39% in patients with duodenal ulcer; 70% and 64% in patients with gastritis; and 68% and 86% in patients with no evidence of disease. It is concluded that roxatidine was more effective than famotidine for gastric juice suppression in patients with peptic ulcer. In patients with no evidence of gastric disease, however, famotidine was more effective than roxatidine.
Clinical Evaluation of Roxithromycin in Patients with Acne
Authors: Akamatsu H , Nishijima S , Akamatsu M , Kurokawa I , Asada Y
Published: January 2017

On the basis of reports that erythromycin is effective in the treatment of acne, we investigated whether roxithromycin (ROM), a new derivative of erythromycin, might also be effective in treating acne. Roxithromycin was administered to 30 patients with acne for 8 weeks. General improvement was assessed 8 weeks after the initiation of the therapy with a six-graded scale as follows; 1: good improvement, 2: moderate improvement, 3: slight improvement, 4: no change, 5: worsening, and 6: no assessment. The percentage of good or moderate improvement was 73.3%, and that of good improvement alone was 20.0%. Our results suggest that ROM is effective in the treatment of acne.
Diversity of the Neuropathies in Patients with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Okada S , Tanokuchi S , Ishii K , Hamada H , Ichiki K , Ota Z , Shimizu M , Hirakt Y , Nagashima H
Published: January 2017

The relationships between cardiac autonomic neuropathies, diabetic somatic neuropathy, metabolic parameters, general parameters (such as age and duration of illness) and diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy were investigated in 103 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated for the comparisons of all the parameters of the neuropathies with all the other parameters. Variables were selected using a stepwise procedure and multiple regression analysis was carried out using these variables. The results of the regression analysis show that diabetic neuropathy is correlated with vascular parameters including blood pressure and pulse-wave velocity, as well as with parameters of sugar and lipid metabolism. The results confirm the diversity of the clinical characteristics of the neuropathies in patients with NIDDM and confirm that these neuropathies do not always occur in parallel.
Plasmapheresis for a Schizophrenic Patient with Drug-Induced Lupus Anti-Coagulant
Authors: Matsukawa Y , Satoh M , Itoh T , Nishinarita S , Horie T , Abe K , Takahashi A , Kojima T
Published: January 2017

A 59-year-old patient with schizophrenia developed Sjögren's syndrome. She also presented with the lupus anticoagulant attributed to long-term medication with chlorpromazine. Serial plasmapheresis treatments were performed to decrease the anti-coagulant activity. As a result, the activated partial thromboplastin time was temporarily improved, but the lupus anti-coagulant activity did not change. Because of her unstable emotional state, she continued to require chlorpromazine, but took a low dose of aspirin (87 mg/day) and never manifested any signs of thrombotic events. In view of the potential anti-thrombotic effects of chlorpromazine, it may not be necessary to use plasmapheresis in an attempt to reduce anti-coagulant activity among patients with chlorpromazine-induced lupus anti-coagulant.
Eosinophilic Gastro-Enteritis Associated with Protein-Losing Enteropathy and Protein C Deficiency
Authors: Wing-Harkins D L , Dellinger G W , Lynch C , Mihas A A
Published: January 2017

Reported below is a case of eosinophilic gastro-enteritis involving the colon, stomach and duodenum in a patient who was also found to have marked hypoalbuminaemia and protein C deficiency due to severe protein-losing enteropathy. The most recent literature is reviewed and the challenging differential diagnosis of the disease is discussed.
Use of an α-Glucosidase Inhibitor to Synchronize Sugar Absorption with Delayed Insulin Secretion in a Patient with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Okada S , Ishii K , Tanokuchi S , Hamada H , Ichiki K , Ota Z
Published: January 2017

The case of a 67-year-old women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is described. Diabetes was first diagnosed when the woman was aged 55; a diet of 1440 kcal daily was recommended and 500 mg tolbutamide daily was prescribed. Hypoglycaemia was improved for a while but the blood-sugar concentration gradually increased until a tolbutamide dose of 2000 mg/day was needed. The patient eventually came to an out-patient clinic for diabetes control due to continuous hyperglycaemia. Her diabetes proved difficult to control, probably due, in part, to excessive eating and lack of exercise, despite appropriate education and glibenclamide treatment. After 15 months, an α-glycosidase inhibitor, at a dosage of 0.75 mg/day, was added to the treatment with glibenclamide at 7.5 mg/day and the glycosylated haemoglobin level was reduced to normal levels within 2 months. After a further 6 months the glibenclamide dose was reduced to 3.75 mg/day with no ill effects during the subsequent 4 weeks, up to the present day.
Biopharmaceutical Profile of Cerivastatin: A Novel HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Authors: Mück W , Ochmann K , Mazzu A , Lettieri J
Published: January 2017

The biopharmaceutical properties of cerivastatin were evaluated in a series of worldwide clinico-pharmacological studies. Young healthy males aged 18 – 45 years were randomized to receive 0.05 – 0.8 mg cerivastatin orally, given either as single or multiple once-daily doses under fed or fasting conditions in the morning, with evening meal or at bedtime. Following administration, cerivastatin was rapidly and almost completely absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract (> 98%), with maximum plasma concentrations ( Cmax) reached at 2 – 3 h post dose. The plasma concentration/time profile of the tablet is similar to an aqueous oral solution (relative bioavailability is 100%). The dose-proportionality of cerivastatin (0.05 – 0.8 mg) in area under the curve and Cmax showed low intra- and interindividual variability. The effect of food (single-dose studies testing administration of cerivastatin with a high-fat meal and clinical investigations in patients) or time of administration (single- and multiple- dose once-daily/twice-daily studies) had no clinically relevant effects on the pharmacokinetics of cerivastatin. Marketed tablet strengths and drug formulations from different sources were found to be bioequivalent. Cerivastatin is a noncomplicated drug with respect to its biopharmaceutical profile and bioavailability.
Seasonal Variations in the Incidence of Cranial Nerve Paralysis
Authors: Gallerani M , Gatti C Delli , Salmi R , Afi H Kuwornu , la Cecilia O , Manfredini R
Published: January 2017

The aim of the study was to verify whether there is a seasonal pattern in the occurrence of cranial nerve paralysis. All patients admitted to the Emergency Department of St Anna Hospital, Ferrara, Italy, from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 1997, were reviewed. Cranial nerve paralysis was diagnosed in 126 cases: the oculomotor nerve accounted for 46 cases, the trochlear nerve for 14, and the abducens nerve for 66. The frequencies of cases involving the oculomotor nerve and of all cases were significantly higher in winter than in the other seasons. Compared with other 2-month periods, the highest number of total cases occurred in November to December. Chronobiological analysis of the data for individual months showed a rhythmic 12-month pattern for the total population, with a weakly significant peak in January.
Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase in Blood Donors: Role of Different Factors and Multiple Viral Infections
Authors: Monache M Delle , Miceli M , Santolamazza M , Mannella E , Mercurio G , Lorenzo A Di , Bacosi M , Gerardi R , Berardo C , Bruno G , Russo F , Miglioresi L , Ricci GL
Published: January 2017

Many different aetiological agents stimulate alanine aminotransferase (ALT) production. Viral markers and other aetiologies were investigated in 2166 individuals, randomly selected from 10 000 consecutive blood donors. Elevation of ALT was found in 10.8% of subjects. Grouping donors according to ALT level and correlating with, respectively, hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), cytomegalovirus antibody alone, or associated with HBcAb, showed similar findings (high ALT 11.1%, normal 11.6%; high 85.4%, normal 81.4%; high 10.2%, normal 11.0%, respectively). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody was found to be significantly associated with elevated ALT levels (high 1.7%, normal 0.26%). Other causes of ALT elevation were alcohol abuse (17%), obesity (25%) and dyslipidaemia (38%), but in 11% there was no obvious aetiology. Although HCV is a rare cause of elevated ALT in blood donors, it seems to be the only virus, among those tested, to account for liver damage. This may be due to the non-protective role of HCV antibody, the low specificity of ALT, or the pathogenic role of uninvestigated viruses.
Efficacy of Shiunko for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Higaki S , Kitagawa T , Morohashi M , Yamagishi T
Published: January 2017

Shiunko is a typical Kampo drug made from herbal extracts and used to treat a range of conditions including atopic dermatitis. Shiunko, white petrolatum and 3.5% salt water were applied to the skin of atopic dermatitis patients, and their clinical effectiveness, and the changes in bacterial species and cell numbers on the skin were studied. Staphylococcus aureus was the main species seen but several other coagulase-negative staphylococci were also identified on some patients. Shiunko was clinically effective in four of seven patients (57%) compared with no patients for petrolatum and one of seven (14%) for salt water. Bacterial counts were reduced with Shiunko in four of seven patients compared with one of seven patients (14%) for both petrolatum and salt water. The results suggest that Shiunko may have antibacterial effects on staphylococci, and may be an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis and other skin infections caused mainly by Staphylococcus species
Lamotrigine as Add-On Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Pimentel J , Guimarães ML , Lima L , Leitão O , Sampaio MJ
Published: January 2017

The efficacy and safety of lamotrigine as add-on therapy in treatment-resistant epilepsy were evaluated in an open prospective study carried out at five centres in Portugal and involving 61 patients. Daily seizure diaries were kept by patients, and used by the investigators to give a rating of response to therapy. Assessments were recorded after 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Overall, seizure control was improved in 57% of patients, remained unchanged in 34% and deteriorated in 9%. There were some indications that efficacy was greatest in patients with generalized seizures and in those taking concomitant valproate. Efficacy was maintained throughout the 2-year study. It was possible to reduce the dose of concomitant antiepileptic drug in 56% of patients, and seven patients no longer needed a concomitant antiepileptic drug. Although 75% of patients reported an adverse experience, most of these were mild or moderate in intensity, did not require treatment and were not judged to be serious. A total of 13 patients withdrew from the study (four due to adverse events, four due to lack of efficacy and five for other reasons).
Otilonium Bromide: A Selective Spasmolytic for the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Evangelista S
Published: January 2017

Experimental studies have shown that otilonium bromide (OB) inhibits both baseline and chemically or physically stimulated gastrointestinal motility. The spasmolytic activity of OB in the gastrointestinal tract occurs at doses that do not affect gastric secretion or produce typical atropine-like side-effects. The mechanism of action is composite: interference with calcium ion movement from intra- and extracellular sites; blockade of calcium channels; and binding to muscarinic receptors and tachykinin neurokinin-2 receptors. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that OB accumulates in the lower intestine and has poor systemic absorption. Clinical studies have confirmed OB as a potent spasmolytic drug with a good tolerability profile. Studies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome demonstrated OB to be superior to placebo and reference drugs in parameters such as pain, abdominal distension and motility. The composite and local mechanism of OB action reduces hypermotility and modulates visceral sensation: factors thought to be responsible for pain improvement recorded in clinical trials. The compound is marketed worldwide and no serious adverse events have been reported as yet, confirming its excellent tolerability.
Efficacy and Safety of Trazodone versus Clorazepate in the Treatment of HIV-Positive Subjects with Adjustment Disorders: A Pilot Study
Authors: De Wit S , Cremers L , Hirsch D , Zulian C , Clumeck N , Kormoss N
Published: January 2017

The efficacy of trazodone and clorazepate to relieve anxiety and depressive symptoms in 21 HIV-positive subjects with adjustment disorders was determined in a 28-day single- centre, randomized, double-blind study. Subjects were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Revised Symptom Checklist, the European Organization for Research and the Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, and a binary criterion based on the Clinical Global Impression. The incidence of successful treatment was 80% for trazodone compared with 64% for clorazepate; the sample number was too small to establish a significant difference. Bayesian analysis revealed the probability of making a wrong decision in prescribing trazodone rather than clorazepate reduced from 35% to 18% in this small sample. Clinical evaluations using the different scales suggest some benefit from trazodone, although this was not significant. Safety of both treatments was similar. Trazodone is devoid of the risk of abuse and dependence, and may be a valuable alternative to benzodiazepines for the treatment of HIV-related adjustment disorders.
Use of Fibrin Adhesive to Reduce Post-Surgical Adhesion Reformation in Rabbits
Authors: Osada H , Minai M , Yoshida T , Satoh K
Published: January 2017

Following surgery on fallopian tubes, the development of adhesions is a natural consequence of wound healing and may result in infertility. Using a rabbit model, we evaluated the anti-adhesive properties of a sponge-like equine collagen sheet (TachoComb®), which is coated on one side with human fibrinogen and bovine thrombin. TachoComb® is applied by affixing the sheet over the area of perforation or bleeding and acts as a haemostatic agent, capable of sealing perforations to prevent leakage. In our rabbit model, adhesions were induced by mechanical and chemical irritants during laparotomy. After a 1-month recovery period, adhesions were lysed using microsurgical techniques and TachoComb®, or physiological saline applied. Evaluation of adhesion reformation was determined after a minimum of 10 days. TachoComb® significantly reduced the area of adhesion reformation compared with rabbits treated using physiological saline only. Our study demonstrated that TachoComb® is effective not only as a haemostatic agent, but is also capable of reducing adhesion reformation.
Mizolastine is Effective and Well Tolerated in Long-Term Treatment of Perennial Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: Scadding GK , Tasman AJ , Murrieta-Aguttes M , Bachert C ,   And The Riperex Study Group
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of mizolastine, a new second-generation antihistamine with European approval, in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. In this study, 141 patients were treated with once-daily mizolastine 10 mg or 15 mg in a 5-month open-label extension of a 1-month double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, which assessed once-daily mizolastine 10 mg. Mizolastine significantly reduced the nasal subscore (sneezing, rhinorrhoea, itch; end-baseline ± SD, −2.5 ± 6.3), nasal obstruction (−1.2 ± 2.6) and rhinoscopy scores (−1.3 ± 2.6), and improved ocular and total nasal scores after 6 months' treatment. Improvement was maintained for the duration of the study with no loss of drug efficacy. Adverse effects were mild with no specific effects associated with prolonged use. These results clearly demonstrate that mizolastine is effective and well tolerated in the long-term treatment of perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The significant clinical improvement in nasal blockade may reflect mizolastine's histamine/5-lipoxygenase dual inhibition.

El objectivo del estudio fue de evaluar en pacientes con rinoconjuntivitis alérgica perenne la eficacia y la seguridad de un nuevo antihistamínico de segunda generación licenciado a nivel Europeo. Este estudio fue la prolongación de un estudio con mizolastine 10 mg, doble ciego, controlado con placebo de un mes de duración en el cual se incluyeron 257 pacientes. 141 de estos continuaron en esta fase de extensión que duró 5 meses. Mizolastine redujo significativamente las subpuntuaciones nasales: estornudos, rinorrea, picor; final–basal ± ds, −2.5 ± 6.3, la obstrucción nasal (−1.2 ± 2.6) y las puntuaciones rinoscópicas (−1.3 ± 2.6). El control fue mantenido durante toda la duración del estudio (6 meses) sin pérdida de eficacia. Los efectos secundarios fueron ligeros y no específicos de un tratamiento prolongado. Estos resultados demuestran claramente que mizolastine es eficaz y bien tolerada en el tratamiento prolongado de la rinoconjuntivitis alérgica perenne. El control, clínicamente significativo, de la obstrucción nasal puede ser el reflejo de la doble actividad farmacológica de la mizolastine, acción sobre la histamine y la 5-lipooxigenasa.
Evaluation of Growth in Children Using Quantitative Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: ÇLelen Z , Zincirkeser S , Özkiliç ŞL , Nacar F
Published: January 2017

Our aim was to assess the value of quantitative bone scintigraphy for evaluating long-bone growth and to establish the normal uptake patterns of the growth plate in children. Subjects (180 girls, 154 boys) of normal weight and height, aged 2 – 20 years, were investigated using skeletal scintigraphy. Regions of interest were outlined over posterior images of the distal femoral growth plate and femoral diaphysis. The average number of counts per fixel in each region of interest was determined. The ratio of uptake in the distal femoral growth plate to that in the femoral diaphysis (GP: D ratio) was calculated for all subjects, and its relationship with age was determined. Peak GP: D ratios in girls and boys were reached at ages 11 and 13 years, respectively (8.26 in girls and 8.18 in boys), corresponding to the periods of most rapid growth. Our findings suggest that determining the scintigraphic GP: D ratio may be useful for evaluating growth and development in children if normal standard GP: D ratios are established.
Etiologic Studies of Old Dog Encephalitis
Authors: Lincoln S. D. , Gorham J. R. , Ott R. L. , Hegreberg G. A.
Published: January 2017

In 2 cases of old dog encephalitis (ODE), viral antigen to canine distemper was demonstrated in frozen brain tissue by means of the direct FA test. The distemper viral antigen was most abundant in cells of the gray matter of the cerebral cortex, thalamus, mesencephalon, and medulla. Also, in the 1 dog in which serum was available, there was a significantly elevated serum antibody titer to the distemper agent. Attempts to isolate a viral agent in tissue culture or to transmit disease to distemper-susceptible ferrets or distemper-immune adult dogs were unsuccessful.

Results of this study indicate that the virus of distemper play a role in the pathogenesis of ODE. Also, the progressive disease with inflammatory reaction suggests that a slow viral infection rather than a totally masked or latent virus be involved.
An Ovarian Tumour in a Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina)
Authors: Mawdesley-Thomas Lionel E.
Published: January 2017

A malignant granulosa-cell tumour is reported in a free-living southern elephant seal ( Mirounga leonina). It is thought to be the first documented ovarian tumour in the species.
Ophthalmic Lesions in Non-Human Primates
Authors: Schmidt R. E.
Published: January 2017

Over a 2-year period a number of spontaneous ophthalmic lesions were noted in non-human primates. These included lesions in baboons, old world monkeys, and chimpanzees. The lesions were divided into general etiologic categories of congenital, inflammatory, traumatic, degenerative, and undetermined. Specific lesions included colobomas, cataracts, detached retina, iridocyclitis, and morphologic changes due to myopia. Clinical and gross and/or histologic descriptions of the lesions were given, and their relative importance in a colony situation was described.
Streptococcal Bacterial Endocarditis in Chickens
Authors: Jortner B. S. , Helmboldt C. F.
Published: January 2017

Nineteen of 20 chickens with bacterial endocarditis characterized by well-developed vegetations on valves of the left side of the heart had lesions in the central nervous system. Anhemolytic streptococci were implicated as etiologic agents in 11 spontaneous cases, and S. faecalis var. liquefaciens was used to produce the disease experimentally in the 9 other birds. The CNS lesions were related to bacterial emboli, and included multifocal segmental inflammation of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries, with associated perivascular and intracerebral inflammatory foci, infarcts of brain tissue, and leptomeningitis.
Urogenital and Ocular Lesions in Canine Blastomycosis
Authors: Wilson R. W. , van Dreumel A. A. , Henry J. N. R.
Published: January 2017

Four cases of canine blastomycosis are described. Biopsy specimens were examined in two of the cases. Typical granulomas and microabscesses containing yeast forms of Blastomyces dermatitidis were seen in the testicle, prostate, kidney and bladder. Complete necropsies are described in two dogs with granulomas in the lung, eyes, prostate, testicle and meninges. The distribution of the lesions indicates a systemic infection.
Simian Neonatology: II. Neonatal Pathology
Authors: Anver Miriam R. , Hunt R. D. , Price R. A.
Published: January 2017

Spontaneous gross and microscopic lesions were studied in 82 perinatal and neonatal monkeys of various species. Ninety-seven lesions were found in the body systems examined. The system at greatest risk was the respiratory system (33 lesions), at the least risk, the cardiovascular system (four lesions). Lesions were inflammatory, degenerative, vascular, and of other types, such as intrauterine aspiration and congenital anomalies. Differences in the type and distribution of lesions in the various systems were found between premature and mature infants.
Pathology of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Induced by a Coronavirus-Like Agent
Authors: Mebus C. A. , Stair E. L. , Rhodes M. B. , Twiehaus M. J.
Published: January 2017

Lesions induced by a bovine coronavirus-like agent were studied in gnotobiotic and colostrum-fed calves using gross, histologic and electron microscopic procedures. Lesions in gnotobiotic calves were present in the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes and in all segments of the small intestine. Calves killed 4 h after the onset of diarrhea had immunofluorescent epithelial cells on the villi of the small intestine and surface of the colon. Calves killed at 44 h had shortened intestinal villi and cuboidal epithelial cells. The villus-to-crypt ratio in the lower small intestine averaged 1.0 compared with 5.3 in a control calf. Immunofluorescent cells were present at the tips of the villi, and at the surface and in the crypts of the colon. Colostrum-fed calves that had serum-neutralizing antibody titers for the coronavirus-like agent developed diarrhea when inoculated orally with the agent. There was good correlation between histologic, immunofluorescent and electron microscopic findings.
Connective Tissue Nevus in a Dog
Authors: Fox J. G. , Snyder S. B. , Campbell L. H.
Published: January 2017

A 5-year-old male Golden Retriever was examined because of a chronic localized loss of hair and elevated, multiple white nodules 2–8 mm in diameter that coalesced in several areas on the right side of the neck. The principle change was marked hyperplasia of the dermal collagen. The lesion is compatible with the connective tissue nevus described in man.
Canine Nephrotoxic Glomerulonephritis: A Combined Light, Immunofluorescent, and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Wright N. G. , Thompson H. , Cornwell H. J. C.
Published: January 2017

The sequential pathology of canine nephrotoxic glomerulonephritis was studied by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The disease was induced by intravenous administration of antiglomerular basement membrane serum, and experimental animals were examined from 4 h up to 60 days after administration of nephrotoxic serum. During the first few days there was extensive glomerular capillary necrosis and infiltration by neutrophils. This was followed by mesangial proliferation and glomerular scarring. Using immunofluorescence, nephrotoxic (rabbit) serum and host IgG and complement (C3) were detected in damaged glomeruli.
The Respiratory Tract Immune System in the Pig
Authors: Bradley Patricia A. , Bourne F. J. , Brown P. J.
Published: January 2017

The distribution of immunoglobulins A, G and M were assessed in the bronchial lymph node and palatine tonsil of pigs from birth to maturity, using the immuno-peroxidase technique. Immunoglobulin-containing cells appeared earlier in the tonsil than in the lymph node; this probably reflects the exposure of the tonsil to environmental antigens. IgG-containing cells predominated after the first 3 weeks of life, but the IgA:IgG ratio was much higher in the tonsil than in the lymph node. Extracellular, reticular staining was visible in the central region of some follicles in addition to a few immunoglobulin-containing cells that resembled large lymphocytes or blast cells.
Bone Structures in Avian and Mammalian Lungs
Authors: Borst G. H. A. , Zwart P. , Mullink H. W. M. A. , Vroege C.
Published: January 2017

Ectopic bone was found in the interstitium of lungs of birds, guinea pigs and minks. There was no evidence of a relation between the ectopic bone and the occurrence of disease.
Intramural Coronary Arteriosclerosis of Normal and Dwarfed Swine
Authors: Kammermann K. L. , Luginbühl H. , Ratcliffe H. L.
Published: January 2017

Dwarfing of swine maintained in large groups with relatively little space per animal may be attributed to psychosocial factors. Intramural coronary arteriosclerosis developed at approximately the same rate in dwarfed and normally developing animals. Lesions in arteries of the left posterior papillary muscle were more advanced than in the left anterior papillary muscle of the same animal, irrespective of its growth rate, and often were more advanced than in swine twice as old.
Naturally Occurring and Bracken-Fern-Induced Bovine Urinary Bladder Tumors
Authors: Pamukcu A. M. , Price J. M. , Bryan G. T.
Published: January 2017

Clinical and morphological characteristics of 139 naturally occurring and 20 bracken-fern-induced urinary bladder tumors of cows were studied. Hematuria was prominent and occurred as early as 60 days after bracken fern feeding began. Anemia and changes in leukocytes were late manifestations. Papillomas appeared as early as 1 year, whereas invasive carcinomas did not develop until 2.6 years after initiation of feeding. Twenty of 30 cows fed bracken fern developed bladder tumors within 5.3 years. None of eight untreated control cows that lived 4 years or six that lived 10 years developed neoplasms. Naturally occurring and fern-induced bladder tumors were epithelial (35%) or mixed epithelial and stromal (55%). Papillomas occurred in 24% and carcinomas in 61% of naturally occurring cases, whereas there were papillomas (40%) and carcinomas (50%) in fern-fed cows. Naturally occurring tumors were metastatic to regional lymph nodes and lung. No metastases were detected in fern-fed cows.
Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma: Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Observations
Authors: Glick A. D. , Holscher M. , Campbell G. R.
Published: January 2017

Five canine cutaneous histiocytomas were studied by electron microscopy and esterase cytochemistry. The tumor cells contained irregular nuclei, characteristic lysosomal granules, and perinuclear microfilaments. The cells showed activity with α-naphthyl acetate esterase stains. These characteristics are evidence that this tumor originates from the mononuclear phagocyte system.
Experimental Parelaphostrongylus andersoni Infections in White-Tailed Deer
Authors: Nettles V. F. , Prestwood Annie K.
Published: January 2017

Gross and microscopic lesions caused by Parelaphostrongylus andersoni were studied in white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) infected with large (1000 or 5000) and moderate (200–356) numbers of third-stage larvae. In heavy infections, adult worms caused eosinophilic myositis in the loin and thigh. Masses of eosinophils underwent caseous necrosis surrounded by a granulomatous border. Adult worms, eggs, and larvae were in the lesions. Muscle damage caused by moderate doses was slight. One deer given a moderate dose maintained a patent infection for more than 1 year and was reinfected. Gross lung damage caused by eggs and larvae occurred with both degrees of infection and consisted of firm miliary nodules. Microscopically, the main changes were granulomatous encapsulation of eggs and first-stage larvae in alveolar capillaries, accumulations of eosinophils and mononuclear inflammatory cells in the adjacent alveolar septa, congestion, and interstitial pneumonia.
Hairs Causing Pulmonary Emboli
Authors: Schneider P. , Pappritz G.
Published: January 2017

Hair particles as arterial lung emboli were an unexpected side effect in a long-term intravenous toxicity study in Beagle dogs. These emboli led to arterial thrombosis and perivascular granulomas or focal interstitial pneumonitis. The embolic lesions were not severe enough to cause infarction of the lung. This high incidence of hair embolism was related to a moderate solvent-specific chronic dermatitis at injection sites.
Lower Motor Neuron Disease with Accumulation of Neurofilaments in a Cat
Authors: Vandevelde M. , Greene C. E. , Hoff E. J.
Published: January 2017

A young cat had signs of tetraparesis that progressed to tetraplegia within a few weeks. Clinically, there was lower motor neuron disease with areflexia and muscle atrophy in all limbs. Degeneration of the motor neurons in the spinal cord was seen on histological examination. Ultrastructurally, the degeneration of nerve cells was characterized by abnormal proliferation of neurofilaments. These findings were compared to other motor neuron diseases and neurofibrillary accumulations in man and animals.
Intracytoplasmic Hyaline Globules in the Adrenal Medulla of Laboratory Animals
Authors: McConnel E. E. , Talley F. A.
Published: January 2017

Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules were found frequently in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla from several species of laboratory animals that died from various causes. The globules stained intensely red with PAS, were weakly acid-fast, did not stain with oil-red O and showed bright yellow autofluorescence. Ultrastructurally, they were finely granular, round to oval, intensely osmiophilic and were surrounded by an intimately bound trilaminar membrane. The globules were interpreted as aggregated secretory granules that occur in degenerating cells.
Scirrhous Eosinophilic Gastritis in Dogs with Gastric Arteritis
Authors: Hayden D. W. , Fleischman R. W.
Published: January 2017

Three adult spayed female hunting dogs had an unusual form of chronic active gastritis. The disease lasted for months to several years. Vomiting was the most consistent clinical sign. One dog had leukocytosis with 30 percent eosinophils. The stomach of each dog was enlarged and greatly thickened. Collagen deposits, granulation tissue and eosinophils replaced most of the gastric wall. Disease of the gastric arteries ranged from fibrinoid necrosis to panarteritis. Granulation tissue obstructed the omental arteries of one dog. There also was splenic reticuloendothelial hyperplasia with fibrosis, hemorrhage and congestion, and chronic eosinophilic lymphadenitis. Although the cause of this disease was not determined, its basis probably was immunologic.
Spontaneous Lesions in Chinese Hamsters
Authors: Benjamin S. A. , Brooks A. L.
Published: January 2017

One hundred and fifty-seven Chinese hamsters ( Cricetulus griseus) from the Lovelace Foundation Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute colony had pulmonary granulomas, nodular hyperplasia of the liver, granulocytic bone marrow hyperplasias and myelogenous leukemia, nephrosclerosis and uterine adenocarcinomas. These Chinese hamsters had a median life span of 1 075 days. The long life span and information on naturally-occurring diseases suggest that this species might be more widely used for toxicological and biomedical research.
Central Neurofibromas in Two Dogs
Authors: Vandevelde M. , Braund K. G. , Hoff E. J.
Published: January 2017

Two dogs each had a fibrous tumor of the central nervous system. One tumor involved the spinal cord and ventral nerve root, and the other involved the midbrain and posterior brain stem. Both tumors had spindle-shaped cells arranged in rhythmic patterns. There was perivascular tumor cell infiltration in the adjacent parenchyma. The tumor cells strongly resembled fibroblasts and seemed to produce collagen. Because both tumors were near nerve roots and because their histological appearances were characteristic of nerve sheath tumors they were classified as central neurofibromas.
Ischemic Myelopathy Caused by Fibrocartilaginous Emboli in a Horse
Authors: Taylor H. W. , Vandevelde M. , Firth E. C.
Published: January 2017

A horse that suddenly became recumbent had a focal ischemic infarct of the spinal cord between C6 and C7. The infarct was attributed to multiple fibrocartilaginous emboli. Adherence of fibrocartilaginous debris to the outer surface of the dura was interpreted as evidence that intervertebral disc degeneration and displacement of the nucleus pulposus had occurred and that the emboli arose from the disc.
Relationship of Proteinuria to Glomerular Basement Membrane Deposits in Serum-Sickness Glomerulonephritis in Rabbits
Authors: Easley J. R. , Halliwell W. H.
Published: January 2017

Fifteen rabbits were injected with one dose of 250 milligrams per kilogram of bovine serum albumin intravenously to induce acute serum sickness. The kidneys were removed from groups of five rabbits each at 10, 12 and 14 days after injection and examined by light, electron and immunofluorescent microscopy for evidence of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Urine was examined for protein when rabbits died. Glomerulonephritis was found in eight rabbits by light microscopy and in 10 rabbits by electron microscopy. Only one rabbit had positive immunofluorescence for immunologic components and only two rabbits had proteinuria. Hypercellularity was the primary change seen by light microscopy. Ultrastructural changes were numerous and various, and the major changes recognized were irregularity of the glomerular basement membrane, increased mesangial matrix, hypercellularity, endothelial hypertrophy, mesangial deposits, epithelial foot process fusion and mesangial circumferential interposition. Subepithelial humps were seen in only four rabbits; none of these rabbits had proteinuria. We concluded that increased permeability followed the deposition of immune complexes and development of ultrastructural lesions.
Naturally Occurring Parafollicular Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid in Dogs
Authors: Zarrin K.
Published: January 2017

Seven cases of parafollicular cell carcinoma in dogs were seen. The diagnosis was based on histological and ultrastructural similarities between neoplastic and normal parafollicular cells. Amyloid was not detected in any of the neoplasms by light or electron microscopy. Argyrophilic secretory granules are important in making a diagnosis of canine thyroid parafollicular cell carcinoma, even when there is no amyloid.
Pathology of Adenoviral Infection in Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) with Respiratory Disease and Colisepticemia
Authors: Cheville N. , Sato S.
Published: January 2017

Nuclear inclusion bodies typical of the adenovirus group were widespread in the spleen and other tissues of 8-week-old turkeys with severe respiratory disease and concomitant evidence of colisepticemia. Adenoviral virions were seen in affected nuclei of splenic tissue and in negatively stained preparations of ground spleen. In splenic tissue, inclusions were most prominent in reticular cells and macrophages in the periarterial lymphoid sheaths, the red pulp and the marginal zones of the periarteriolar reticular sheaths. Marked reticuloendothelial hyperplasia, lymphoid atrophy and granulocytic splenitis characterized the splenic changes. There were inclusions in the respiratory tract, intestinal tract, liver, kidney and pancreas. Inoculation of young turkeys, especially when immunosuppressed, resulted in evidence of infection and respiratory disease. The viruses produced cytopathic changes in primary turkey kidney cell cultures but did not affect embryonating chicken eggs. Concentrated viral suspensions induced precipitin lines in agar gel immunodiffusion tests with known antisera against known turkey adenoviruses but did not show an antigenic relationship to chicken adenoviruses.
Cryptosporidium in Snakes with Hypertrophic Gastritis
Authors: Brownstein D. G. , Strandberg J. D. , Montali R. J. , Bush M. , Fortner J.
Published: January 2017

Fourteen captive snakes of three genera and four species had severe chronic hypertrophic gastritis. Persistent postprandial regurgitation and firm midbody swelling were the most common clinical signs. Fecal smears had many roughly spherical organisms confirmed by ultrastructural study to be oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Pathologic changes included hypertrophy of gastric mucosa and atrophy of granular cells. There were cystic changes in gastric glands and focal mucosal necrosis. Many Cryptosporidium lined microvillar surfaces. All developmental forms were identified by ultrastructure. Characteristic oocysts were found in abundance.
Laryngeal Diphtheria and Papillomatosis in Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Jensen R. , Lauerman L. H. , England J. J. , Braddy P. M. , Horton D. P. , Flack D. E. , Cox M. F. , Einertson N. , Miller G. K. , Rehfeld C. E.
Published: January 2017

In a random sample of 30,444 larynges from slaughtered beef cattle, 441 (1.4%) had chronic diphtheria and 1,345 (4.4%) had papillomatosis. Both types of lesions were centered in mucous membranes over the vocal processes and medial angles of the arytenoid cartilages. Since they are found in the same anatomical locations as laryngeal contact ulcers, we hypothesize that ulcers are primary and diphtheria and papillomatosis are secondary.
Morphogenesis of Cerebellar Lesions in Bovine Familial Convulsions and Ataxia
Authors: Barlow R. M.
Published: January 2017

Cerebellar lesions develop in a heritable disorder characterized by recurrent episodic seizures in newborn and young calves and by ataxia in survivors of several bouts of convulsions. Earliest changes were altered patterns of phosphatase reaction products in Purkinje cells. Purkinje cells axons in the outer half of the granular layer developed fusiform or spheroidal argyrophilic swellings. Early lesions were restricted to the lingula and uvula, but cases with more persistent clinical disease involved other parts of the vermis. In ataxic calves these lesions were also in the cerebellar hemispheres. The axonal swellings showed proliferation of tubulovesicular endoplasmic reticulum, neurofibrils and mitochondria. In other swellings axoplasm was degenerate, and in some it resembled Purkinje cell cytoplasm. In some clinically normal adult transmitters of the disorder, light microscopy showed some similar swellings, but most calves that recovered had no lesions.