bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA Fingerprinting to Improve Data Collection Efficiency and Yield in an Open-Field Host-Specificity Test of a Weed Biological Control Candidate
Authors: Rector Brian G. , De Biase Alessio , Cristofaro Massimo , Primerano Simona , Belvedere Silvia , Antonini Gloria , Sobhian Rouhollah
Published: December 2010

An open-field test was conducted in southern France to assess the host-specificity of Ceratapion basicorne (Illiger), a candidate for biological control of yellow starthistle. Test plants were infested by naturally occurring populations of C. basicorne but were also exposed to sympatric herbivore species, including other Ceratapion spp. Insects from the test plants were collected directly into tubes of ethanol and were subsequently identified to species according to DNA sequence similarity with morphologically identified reference specimens. This integrated, morphological and molecular identification method was used in an effort to maximize the amount of data gained in the field bioassay and to minimize the number of taxonomist–hours necessary to complete the study. The results obtained showed that the French C. basicorne population only attacked yellow starthistle and cornflower, another known host of C. basicorne. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the insects collected from all other nonhost plants rejected the possibility that any were C. basicorne.
A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Phase II Study of Sunitinib Malate in Patients with Previously Treated Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (CALGB 80603)
Authors: O'Reilly Eileen M. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Hall Margaret , Hollis Donna , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , Pluard Timothy , Douglas Kathe , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K. , Kindler Hedy L. , Schilsky Richard L. , Goldberg Richard M. ,   for the Cancer and Leukemia Group B
Published: December 2010

Background.

The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) conducted a phase II study evaluating sunitinib in patients with progressive metastatic pancreas adenocarcinoma following prior gemcitabine-based therapy (trial CALGB 80603; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00397787). The primary endpoint was to determine the disease control rate (DCR) as measured by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (complete response, partial response [PR], and stable disease) at 6 weeks.

Patients and Methods.

Patients aged ≥18 years with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score of 0–2 and with progressive pancreas adenocarcinoma following treatment with gemcitabine were eligible. Sunitinib was dosed at 50 mg orally days 1–28, every 42 days (1 cycle). The statistical plan called for a three-stage design. A DCR ≥15% was considered worthy of further study.

Results.

In total, 77 patients were enrolled. Forty-two (54.6%) enrollees were male. The median age was 65 years. The ECOG performance status score distribution was: 0, 39%; 1, 50%; 2, 11%. The DCR was 21.6%; one patient (1.4%) had a PR and 15 patients (20.3%) had stable disease as their best response. The progression-free survival time was 1.31 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–1.38 months) and overall survival time was 3.68 months (95% CI, 3.06–4.24 months).

Conclusions.

The study met its primary endpoint; however sunitinib had minimal activity and moderate toxicity in a population of gemcitabine-refractory pancreas adenocarcinoma patients. For future studies, limiting enrollment to patients with an ECOG performance status score of 0–1 is recommended.
Approval Summary: Erlotinib Maintenance Therapy of Advanced/Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Cohen Martin H. , Johnson John R. , Chattopadhyay Somesh , Tang Shenghui , Justice Robert , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Pazdur Richard
Published: December 2010

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Evaluate the relationship between EGFR mutation status and clinical outcomes reported in this study.Identify patients with NSCLC who may be appropriate candidates for first-line maintenance therapy with erlotinib.

This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.

On April 16, 2010, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved erlotinib tablets (Tarceva®; OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Melville, NY) for maintenance treatment of patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose disease had not progressed after four cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy.

In total, 889 patients received either erlotinib (150 mg) or placebo once daily. Progression-free survival (PFS), in all patients and in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)+ tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC), was the primary efficacy endpoint. Overall survival (OS) was a secondary sponsor endpoint but was the primary regulatory endpoint.

Median PFS times were 2.8 months and 2.6 months in the erlotinib and placebo arms, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62–0.82; p < .001). Median OS times were 12.0 months and 11.0 months, favoring erlotinib (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70–0.95). The PFS and OS HRs in patients with EGFR+ tumors by IHC were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.58–0.82) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.64–0.93), respectively. The PFS and OS HRs in patients with EGFR− tumors by IHC were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.51–1.14) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.59–1.38), respectively.

Following disease progression, 57% of placebo-treated patients received additional chemotherapy, compared with 47% of erlotinib-treated patients. Fourteen percent of placebo-treated patients received erlotinib or gefitinib, 31% received docetaxel, and 14% received pemetrexed. In total, 59% of placebo-treated patients who received treatment received FDA approved second-line NSCLC drugs.

The most common adverse reactions in patients receiving erlotinib were rash and diarrhea.
Mathematical Modelling of Thin Layer Sun and Solar Drying of Cassava Chips
Authors: Tunde-Akintunde Toyosi Y
Published: December 2010

In this paper, the effect of sun and solar drying and pretreatment conditions (soaking in water; soaking in water and then blanching; blanching and then soaking) on the drying characteristics and kinetics of cassava chips were investigated. The drying time was shorter for samples pretreated by soaking only (SK) compared to the others. It was observed that pretreatment conditions and drying method significantly (P < 0.05) affected the drying rate. The drying for all experiments occurred in the falling rate period with no constant rate period. Four mathematical models were studied for the description thin layer drying characteristics of pretreated cassava chips. The models considered were the Henderson and Pabis, Newton, Logarithmic and the Page model. Comparing the correlation coefficients (R2), chi-square (c2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values of four models, it was observed that the highest values of R2 and lowest ?2 and RMSE were obtained using Page model. This shows that the Page model represents drying characteristics better than other models. The effective moisture diffusivity values were estimated from Ficks diffusional model. These values obtained for solar dried samples were generally higher than those obtained for sun dried samples.
Selection of Adsorbents and Determination of Parameters for the Separation of Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose and Fructooligosaccharides
Authors: Kuhn Raquel Cristine , Maugeri Filho Francisco
Published: December 2010

This work aimed to describe the adsorption of sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose and fructooligosaccharides) employing different adsorbents (celite, active carbon and NaX zeolite) by means of isothermal models. At the adsorbent selection step, the active carbon exhibited a higher affinity for the adsorption of fructooligosaccharides. On the other hand, the adsorbents NaX zeolite and celite presented the highest adsorption stability with glucose, giving values of 1.496 g glucose/g zeolite and 1.35 g glucose/g celite. Therefore, zeolite and celite were the adsorbents selected for the determination of isothermal kinetics and it was shown that the linear model (q*= k.C*) provided the best fit for the experimental data. The temperatures studied were 30, 40 and 50 °C, and the 50°C resulted in the highest partition coefficient (k) for glucose on celite, indicating that higher temperatures benefit sugar adsorption.
Diferencijalna dijagnoza tumorskih promena bubrega malih dimenzija
Authors: Markovic B.B. , Markovic Z. , Maksimovic R. , Pejic T. , Stojanovic V.
Published: December 2010

The paper is aimed at presenting several patients treated at the CCS Institute of Urology and Nephrology using the retrospective analysis, in whom differentiation of the kidney tumor change nature and size smaller than 3 cm were decisive for further treatment. Similar cases were not reported or were reported exceptionally rarely in the literature. The diagnosis was established based on ultrasound examination, intravenous urography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging as well as angiography, percutaneous biopsy and pathohistological analysis of the surgical preparation.
Endourethral prostheses for urethral stricture
Authors: Yachia D. , Markovic Z. , Markovic B.B. , Stojanovic V.
Published: December 2010

A number of urethral stents made of different materials, with different time of indwelling and different designs, primarily based on the vascular stent concept, have been applied in the clinical practice so far. According to the published studies, urethral stents have justified their clinical application, however with certain limitations. Within an attempt to overcome the limitations, a covered, temporary urethral stent was initially designed by Daniel Yachie and Zeljko Markovic in Allium corporation from Israel. With its triangular shape, the stent is a replica of the obstructive urethral lumen. The follow-up of results was done according to a priori established protocol including the following:UCG, uroflowmetry and interview with patients. Due to stent migration, the stent over stent technique was applied in two case, while reposition by balloon-catheter outward traction was performed in two cases of caudal migration. No irritative discomforts were reported in the first 6 months after stent dwelling. Uroflowmetric controls verified at least four times better results than before the insertion. Given it is the question of covered stent, there is no possibility of proliferative secondary lumen obstruction. On account of soft structure and conic shape of posterior part of stent, no lesions of the external urethral sphincter were manifested. The stent is simply withdrawn after 12 months by outward traction using the forceps at the time when the stent construction turns into soft and straight wire. After 12-16 months in all cases we removel stent and in all patients we find complete rekanalisation without any disuric problem. In 5 cases we find new "contact" stricture on anterior part of stent and treated succeed with balloon recanalisation.
Transthoracic ultrasonography in diagnosis and treatment of acute pleural empyema
Authors: Stevic R.S. , Ercegovac M.M. , Jakovic R.M. , Moskovljevic D.D. , Bascarevic S.M. , Savic M.M. , Jovanovic D.M.
Published: December 2010

The aim of this study was to estimate validity of transthoracic ultrasonography in diagnosis and evaluation of the results of initial surgical therapy of acute pleural empyema. The study included 49 patients with II stage acute pleural empyema. Initial surgical tretament was indicated according to CT and transthoracic ultrasonography findings. Evaluation of initial therapy results has been made by transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS).Clinical significance of standard x-ray, CT and TUS in different stages of diagnostic and therapeutic procedure has been analyzed. Chest drainage was initial treatment in 10 (20.4%) patients, thoracentesis in 39 (79.6%). Complete cure with this two methods was achieved in 22 (44.9%) patients. In 27 (55.1%) patients initial treatment failed. TUS was sufficient for adequate estimate of initial treatment results in 41 (83.6%). Additional CT was indicated in 8 (16.3%) patients. Transthoracic ultrasonography has important role in choice of initial surgical therapy of acute pleural empyema. If initial estimate of therapy results is made by TUS, CT is rarely necessary.
Thoracic stent-graft
Authors: Hyodoh H.
Published: December 2010

The stent-graft is a device constructed from a stent and vascular graft and is inserted by means of an interventional procedure under imaging guidance. In 1986, Balko et al.1 reported the first stentgraft experiment, in which a Z stent covered with polyurethane was inserted into an animal aorta. In the early 1990s, Parodi et al.2 reported clinical introduction of the stent-graft for abdominal aortic aneurysm. In comparison to the abdominal aortic stent-graft, the thoracic stent-graft has several disadvantages, including difficulties associated with the aortic arch curvature and the relatively large caliber of the stent-graft, and the risk of central nervous system or spinal complication. However, the thoracic stentgraft is advantageous because of minimal procedural invasiveness in comparison to surgical graft replacement. In 1994, Dake et al.3 reported transluminal placement of an endovascular stent-graft for thoracic aortic aneurysm, and Kato et al.4 reported use of a stent-graft for aortic dissection and suggested that the stent-graft could be considered an alternative to surgical treatment.
Rendgenska palijacija disfagije - plasiranje ezofagealnog stenta pod kontrolom rendgenoskopije
Authors: Saranovic Djordjije , Djuric Aleksandra , Markovic Zeljko , Masulovic Dragan , Pesko Predrag
Published: December 2010

As for the gastrointestinal tract, stents are most commonly applied in the esophagus. Majority of the esophageal stents are implanted for the purpose of palliation of the inoperable malignant dysphagias, however they may also be used, although less frequently, for dilatation of the constricted anastomosis, covering of fistulas and least frequently for dilatation of the benign stenoses. Increasingly frequently the stents are used in the prepyloric gastric region, duodenal and rectosigmoid portion of the colon. The paper describes our own six-year experience in application of the gastrointestinal stents for palliation of dysphagia.
On the distribution of αp modulo one for primes p of a special form
Authors: Todorova T. , Tolev D.
Published: December 2010

A classical problem in analytic number theory is to study the distribution of αp modulo 1, where α is irrational and p runs over the set of primes. We consider the subsequence generated by the primes p such that p+2 is an almost-prime (the existence of infinitely many such p is another topical result in prime number theory) and prove that its distribution has a similar property.
On correspondence between orders and ideals with a normal basis in cyclic subfields of Q(ξp) of a prime degree l
Authors: Kostra Juraj
Published: December 2010

Let K be a tamely ramified cyclic algebraic number field of prime degree l. In the paper one-to-one correspondence between all orders of K with a normal basis and all ideals of K with a normal basis is given.
Decomposition of congruences involving a map Φ
Authors: Marko František
Published: December 2010

Congruences of Ankeny-Artin-Chowla type modulo p
2 for a cyclic subfield K of prime conductor p were derived by Jakubec and expressed in terms of a technically defined map Φ. Later, Jakubec and Lassak found a decomposition of the map Φ modulo p
2 and simplified the formulation of these congruences. A corresponding decomposition of the map Φ modulo p
3 was obtained in [MARKO, F.: Towards Ankeny-Artin-Chowla type congruence modulo p
3, Ann. Math. Sil. 20 (2006), 31–55]. That technical step was important for the formulation of congruences of Ankeny-Artin-Chowla type modulo p
3. This paper will show how to produce an analogous decomposition of the map Φ modulo an arbitrary power p
n which would allow a description of analogous congruences modulo p
n.
Perfect residuated lattice ordered monoids
Authors: Rachůnek Jiří , Šalounová Dana
Published: December 2010

Bounded Rℓ-monoids form a large subclass of the class of residuated lattices which contains certain of algebras of fuzzy and intuitionistic logics, such as GMV-algebras (= pseudo-MV-algebras), pseudo-BL-algebras and Heyting algebras. Moreover, GMV-algebras and pseudo-BL-algebras can be recognized as special kinds of pseudo-MV-effect algebras and pseudo-weak MV-effect algebras, i.e., as algebras of some quantum logics. In the paper, bipartite, local and perfect Rℓ-monoids are investigated and it is shown that every good perfect Rℓ-monoid has a state (= an analogue of probability measure).
A sixth order degenerate equation with the higher order p-laplacian operator
Authors: Liu Changchun
Published: December 2010

We consider a initial-boundary value problem for a sixth order degenerate parabolic equation. Under some assumptions on the initial value, we establish the existence of weak solutions by the time-discrete method. The uniqueness, asymptotic behavior and the finite speed of propagation of perturbations of solutions are also discussed.
Approximation in statistical sense to n-variate B-continuous functions by positive linear operators
Authors: Dirik Fadime , Demirci Kamil
Published: December 2010

Our primary interest in the present paper is to prove a Korovkintype approximation theorem for sequences of positive linear operators defined on the space of all real valued n-variate B-continuous functions on a compact subset of the real n-dimensional space via statistical convergence. Also, we display an example such that our method of convergence is stronger than the usual convergence.
Minding Animals: A Transdisciplinary Approach for Furthering Our Understanding of Animals in Society
Authors: Bekoff Marc
Published: December 2010

I'm honored to be the guest editor of this volume of Animals. The essays included here are in the spirit of this new and forward-looking journal http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/1/1/1/pdf. They stem from a precedent setting gathering of scholars from all over the world representing many different disciplines at a meeting called ‘Minding Animals’, held in Newcastle, Australia in July 2009 (http://www.mindinganimals.com//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=210&Itemid=236). All of the delegates who journeyed from varying distances, sometimes huge, to be part of this unique gathering, shared a deep interest in learning more about who nonhuman animals (hereafter, animals) are from colleagues studying them from various perspectives, representing disciplines including biology, psychology, anthropology, and the social sciences and humanities. Not surprisingly, the meeting was characterized by great enthusiasm, lots of discussion often bordering on the frenetic since people would soon be dispersing to their homelands and not be readily accessible, and a commitment to continue learning more about animals in society. [...]
Development of Heterogeneous Olympic Medal Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts for Environmentally Benign Molecular Transformations Based on the Surface Properties of Hydrotalcite
Authors: Kaneda Kiyotomi , Mitsudome Takato , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro
Published: December 2010

In this review, we describe the development by our research group of highly functionalized heterogeneous Olympic medal metal (gold, silver, and copper) nanoparticle catalysts using hydrotalcite as a support, aimed towards Green and Sustainable Chemistry. Olympic medal metal nanoparticles can cooperate with the basic sites on the hydrotalcite surface, providing unique and high performance catalysis in environmentally-benign organic transformations such as aerobic oxidation of alcohols, lactonization of diols and selective deoxygenation of epoxides and nitro aromatic compounds.
Study on an Agricultural Environment Monitoring Server System using Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Hwang Jeonghwan , Shin Changsun , Yoe Hyun
Published: December 2010

This paper proposes an agricultural environment monitoring server system for monitoring information concerning an outdoors agricultural production environment utilizing Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology. The proposed agricultural environment monitoring server system collects environmental and soil information on the outdoors through WSN-based environmental and soil sensors, collects image information through CCTVs, and collects location information using GPS modules. This collected information is converted into a database through the agricultural environment monitoring server consisting of a sensor manager, which manages information collected from the WSN sensors, an image information manager, which manages image information collected from CCTVs, and a GPS manager, which processes location information of the agricultural environment monitoring server system, and provides it to producers. In addition, a solar cell-based power supply is implemented for the server system so that it could be used in agricultural environments with insufficient power infrastructure. This agricultural environment monitoring server system could even monitor the environmental information on the outdoors remotely, and it could be expected that the use of such a system could contribute to increasing crop yields and improving quality in the agricultural field by supporting the decision making of crop producers through analysis of the collected information.
L'engagement 2.0
Authors: Barboni Thierry , Treille Éric
Published: December 2010

Résumé Le développement d’Internet a déplacé les frontières de la participation politique. Désormais, les militants peuvent s’engager dans un parti sans nécessairement y adhérer. Cet article s’attache aux différentes étapes qui ont rendu possible la concrétisation de cet engagement 2.0. Faire du PS un e-parti impliquait de permettre en son sein l’expression de nouvelles formes de militantisme de ses membres mais également de concilier « réel » et « virtuel », c’est-à-dire d’adapter l’organisation socialiste en conséquence. Loin d’être univoque, cette lente conversion a, au contraire, été menée en fonction des stratégies et règles du jeu internes. Il apparaît alors que la numérisation de l’engagement partisan est en réalité étroitement liée à la présidentialisation de l’organisation socialiste.
Fronteiras do Cone Sul : trocas intelectuais, fluxos de indivíduos, redes, culturas e violência política
Authors: Lima Rogério
Published: December 2010

Neste artigo tratamos das ações de repressão política e violência nas bordas da América do Sul e no âmbito do CONE SUL, nos anos 1970, resgatadas pelo filme documentário Balada para Tenório Jr. realizado em 1986.
Colombie : la voix des victimes d’enlèvement
Authors: Buitrago Orjuela Liliana
Published: December 2010

Depuis quelques années, en Colombie, se multiplient les publications de récits et de journaux intimes rédigés par les victimes d’enlèvement. Ce genre de récit devient un des outils de la lutte des victimes du conflit pour se faire reconnaître.Ces publications des récits personnels des victimes sont-elles des nouvelles manières d’exposer et dénoncer la violence ? Comment se situe le narrateur dans sa relation à sa société ? A partir des ces textes, je propose d’exposer les effets de ce genre d’écrits dans la gestion du conflit par les victimes.
Eros y dolor
Authors: García Díaz Teresa
Published: December 2010

This article analyzes the construction of the female protagonist in Luisa Valenzuela's book Cambio de armas through a consideration of critical observations on the theme of violence by authors such as George Bataille, Hannah Arendt, Rainer Maria Rilke, Michel Foucault, and Wolfgang Sofsky, among others. We establish a variety of links between violence and eroticism showing how, in Valenzuela's story, this relationship is revealed through the love story of the main characters Roque and Laura.
Lugares de maravilla y de horror
Authors: Willem Bieke
Published: December 2010

El término propuesto por Pierre Nora del « lugar de memoria » nos sirve de punto de partida para el análisis de dos novelas escritas en el período de la llamada transición chilena. El palacio de la risa de Germán Marín y Una casa vacía de Carlos Cerda nos proponen dos variaciones sobre el mismo tema : el de las casas privadas que fueron utilizadas durante la dictadura pinochetista como centros de detención y tortura. Nuestra meta es doble. Por una parte examinaremos cómo los autores construyen un espacio literario a partir de la memoria individual y colectiva ligadas respectivamente a Villa Grimaldi y La Venda Sexy. Por otra, intentaremos definir la influencia que el hecho extraliterario de la conversión de hogares en depósitos del horror podría haber dejado en el funcionamiento de la imagen de la « casa » en esas novelas.
De camp de concentration à lieu de mémoire: l’École de Mécanique de la Marine (ESMA) en Argentine
Authors: Dugal Marie-Christine
Published: December 2010

En 1975, un camp de concentration fut aménagé à l’École de Mécanique de la Marine à Buenos Aires.  Jusqu’à la fin de la dictature en 1983, cinq mille personnes y furent séquestrées illégalement. La majorité d’entre elles n’ont jamais été revues. En 2004, le gouvernement de Néstor Kirchner annonçait la rétrocession de la propriété à la ville de Buenos Aires et au Pouvoir exécutif national dès lors chargés de transformer le lieu en « Espace pour la Mémoire et la Défense et la Promotion des Droits Humains ». Bien que la rétrocession de l’ESMA et sa subséquente transformation aient largement contribué à l’édification du lieu de mémoire qu’est aujourd’hui l’ESMA, l’histoire de cet emblème débuta en 1976 alors que des propos horrifiants ont commencé à circuler qui associaient l’ESMA à la dictature. On constate que la constitution du lieu comme symbole du terrorisme d’État s'est faite dans un double mouvement, la divulgation d'information favorisant l'assimilation du lieu à la dictature, et la reconnaissance croissante de son caractère représentatif. Dans le présent article, on voudra se pencher sur ce double mouvement qui a fait de l'ESMA un lieu de mémoire, depuis les débuts de la dictature jusqu'aux interventions de Néstor Kirchner  en 2004.
Brasil e Portugal em revista : a imprensa periódica na fronteira entre cultura e política
Authors: Müller Fernanda Suely
Published: December 2010

O binômio colônia-metrópole sempre foi uma equação delicada nas relações entre Brasil e Portugal e tais diferenças foram particularmente acentuadas no século vinte, sobretudo após a reafirmação da independência brasileira, no âmbito cultural, em 1922. Contudo, notamos que desde o início do século passado, uma parte da intelectualidade luso-brasileira e, nomeadamente, alguns escritores e homens de letras de ambos os países ligados aos regimes políticos totalitários, se esforçavam em cultivar uma falsa imagem e idéia de « cordialidade e cooperação » através da imprensa, realizando assim uma propaganda indireta de seus governos ditatoriais. Nesse sentido, pretendemos traçar com esse trabalho um breve itinerário desse diálogo estabelecido na imprensa luso-brasileiras especialmente no período de suas ditaduras.
Art et mémoire
Authors: Guillemont Michèle
Published: December 2010

Dans l’Argentine actuelle, certaines constructions esthétiques en prise directe avec les crimes perpétrés par la dernière dictature rencontrent une audience assez large : il s’agit souvent de celles qui construisent une mémoire à partir d’une vision du passé « consensuelle ». D’autres sont plus inquiétantes parce qu’elles partent d’une exigence plus grande de scrutation du passé et des consciences. C’est à cette catégorie qu’appartient l’installation/sculpture appelée « Autores ideológicos » (en exposition permanente désormais à la ex-ESMA), dont le support matériel est une voiture de marque « Ford Falcon » ayant effectivement servi aux séquestrations illégales de personnes. En suivant le processus de création de cet objet, nous rendrons compte du questionnement sur la mémoire lancé à l’art et à la société par ses créateurs.
La representación literaria y cinematográfica de las dictaduras militares sudamericanas
Authors: Schlickers Sabine
Published: December 2010

En el artículo se analizan distintos modos de apropiación de las dictaduras militares con el fin de revelar cómo las novelas y películas elegidas cumplen con la función de hacer memoria, luchar contra el olvido, de iluminar ciertas zonas traumáticas de ese período y sus repercusiones en el presente, de preguntar por las posibilidades de convivencia entre víctimas y victimarios Bajo el mismo cielo, como reza el título de la novela de Silberstein.
Recordar sin recordar
Authors: Brugnolo Stefano , Luche Laura
Published: December 2010

A menudo son las víctimas las que recuerdan las violencias que les han infligido poderes brutales. Bolaño en cambio explora la memoria de un semi-culpable, es decir de alguien que pertenece a la que Primo Levi llamó la « zona gris ». Se trata del crítico literario Sebastián Urrutia Lacroix. Éste evoca los años de la dictadura y muestra su cómplice aceptación del régimen. Este ensayo se propone mostrar cómo el protagonista efectoa una serie de desplazamientos, digresiones, precisiones superfluas, descripciones eufemísticas para posponer la confrontación con los recuerdos de la dictadura más difíciles de enfrentar. Estas estrategias de confrontación y no-confrontación con el pasado cuentan la dificultad de muchos latinoamericanos para admitir que se han visto implicados con la dictadura de distintas maneras. Las múltiples figuras de desplazamiento se hallan en la base del carácter cómico del texto que evidencia los aspectos trágicamente ridículos de muchos otros discursos de negación o de muchos otros discursos que van a la búsqueda de una imposible auto-absolución.
El canon de la periferia
Authors: Lemes Karina Beatriz , García Saraví Mercedes
Published: December 2010

Intentaremos mostrar cómo venimos trabajando con la reconstrucción de la memoria literaria de la provincia de Misiones a partir de la recopilación de los manuscritos de sus autores más representativos. Hemos utilizado para nuestra lectura, en cruce con la crítica genética, las relaciones que Fernando Ainsa establece entre canon y periferia,  espacios de la memoria y construcción de la utopía. Ainsa concibe la escritura como proceso genético que en su origen es personal, visceral y solitario, una búsqueda constante de identidad que se enriquece en contacto con el mundo, con la apertura de fronteras. Estas vinculaciones nos han permitido interpretar las prácticas sociales que fundaron actividades estéticas en la distancia de los centros de poder argentinos.
Aquí se vende todo
Authors: Ran Amalia
Published: December 2010

Aunque « memoria » sea la palabra más usada en el contexto histórico reciente de Argentina, es el olvido aquello de lo que más se habla, y lo que domina al final el discurso público de las últimas décadas. ¿ Cuáles son las distintas formas de « recordar » el pasado doloroso en un entorno que intenta silenciarlo al transformar la memoria en un objeto-fetiche ? ¿ De qué modo conserva el espacio urbano —la ciudad y sus múltiples lugares abiertos y cerrados— una memoria de la desgracia y del horror ?, y ¿ cómo se refleja ese espacio urbano dentro del texto narrativo ? El presente trabajo estudia la problemática de la ciudad globalizada del post-trauma y la desmemoria mediante el análisis de la novela de Horacio Vázquez-Rial, La capital del olvido (2004). Asimismo, propone analizar los efectos de los procesos de privatización y globalización que barrieron a Buenos Aires durante los noventa para explorar las diversas expresiones públicas y privadas de una cultura de culpa y vergüenza que niega recordar su pasado.
Griselda Gambaro, la voix d’une mémoire au théâtre
Authors: Suréda-Cagliani Sylvie
Published: December 2010

En Argentine, durant les années de répression, d’abord avec la dictature de Juan Carlos Onganía (1966) puis avec celle de Rafael Videla (1976), le théâtre est un espace qui sert d’exutoire. Il est aussi un moyen d’expression qui met en scène les mœurs et les comportements humains. Ce travail propose de montrer que le théâtre de Griselda Gambaro met à la fois l’accent sur les dangers de l’arbitraire exercé par un pouvoir tyrannique et sur le rôle de l’art théâtral comme  représentation esthétique de la mémoire.
La mémoire reconfigurée
Authors: Martins Celina
Published: December 2010

Le dialogue inédit entre Julio Cortázar et Carlos Alonso est une exposition fictive qui réfléchit sur les blessures de la dictature argentine d’après une approche comparatiste. Les nouvelles de Cortázar et les toiles d’Alonso redynamisent le travail de l’anamnèse (Ricœur) – la mémoire pragmatique - que les victimes de la dictature argentine et les nouvelles générations doivent réaliser dans un effet cathartique pour s’approprier une mémoire régénératrice qui donne accès à la politique de la juste mémoire. Afin de dépasser le conflit entre la mémoire des survivants de la dictature et l’Histoire officielle, Cortázar et Alonso sont les médiateurs transhistoriques qui déconstruisent les formes sclérosées de penser l’Histoire et faire mémoire.
Memoria y representación simbólica tras la matanza en Acteal, Chiapas, 22 de diciembre de 1997
Authors: Vital Alberto , Sacbé Shuttera Pérez Alejandro
Published: December 2010

El presente artículo busca rastrear las huellas de las representaciones artísticas y simbólicas y su impacto en la memoria, en torno a los sucesos acaecidos el 22 de diciembre de 1997 en la comunidad de Acteal, Chiapas. Se parte del supuesto de que la preservación y la simbolización de la violencia ejercida por el poder estatal, son manifestaciones de un contrapoder y un gesto de resistencia por parte de quien debiera ser en última instancia el depositario de la soberanía, según los términos de la filosofía política moderna, esto es, el pueblo. Esta tendencia a la simbolización fue un rasgo consistente que caracterizó al movimiento insurgente del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (ezln) desde los primeros días de su levantamiento armado, en enero de 1994. Tras doce días de combates y enfrentamientos con el Ejército Mexicano, fue muy probablemente el núcleo discursivo y simbólico del propio movimiento filtrado en la conciencia de la sociedad civil (a través de medios masivos de comunicación como la Internet), lo que detuvo las hostilidades y colocó al conflicto en un escenario distinto. La fotografía, el cartón, se sumaron así a la frialdad de los discursos sociológicos o periodísticos, creando un rico y complejo entramado discursivo con un fuerte componente estético. Ahora bien, a esta nueva y revolucionaria estrategia discursiva, correspondió también, en virtud de una ley implacable de algo que podríamos denominar física histórica, una fase contrarrevolucionaria, cuyo expediente más significativo lo constituyó la matanza de Acteal. Los caminos dejados tras este capítulo al movimiento social, en vez de la confrontación directa, fueron nuevamente el ejercicio de este contrapoder simbólico, que para el caso de 1997, estuvo mayormente influido por representaciones como la pintura, la escultura, la poesía y el cartel, aunadas a las ya citadas fotografía y cartón periodístico que se venían manifestando (por no mencionar a la música, el teatro y otras, que no son examinadas aquí). Así bien, este trabajo presenta ejemplos de tales representaciones en los géneros artísticos mencionados (colocando un fuerte acento en las artes visuales, como manifestaciones de una sociedad que se construye a sí misma actualmente más por la iconografía que por la escritura), bajo el supuesto de que éstas constituyen una contrapropuesta política a la violencia estatal y buscan un efecto de interpelación que abra un camino de paz y de resolución consensuada de los problemas en dicha región.
Conciencia del tiempo, repetición y duelo : Saer, Piglia y Barthes
Authors: Brando Oscar
Published: December 2010

Since a coincidence – the publication in 1980 of Nadie nada nunca (Nobody nothing never) by Juan José Saer, Respiración artificial (Artificial breathing) by Ricardo Piglia and La cámara lúcida (The lucid camera), Roland Barthes´s last book – the article reflects upon Time and the rescue of the meaning of a past experience. Barthes presents, through the study of photography, the impossibility of bereavement. Piglia considers that the meaning of the future can be read in the past. Then, Saer´s invariable present can be sensed full of a tragic past and a sinister future.
Las obras de arte como ejes articuladores de la memoria histórica. Buenos Aires 1960-1990
Authors: March Natalia
Published: December 2010

Durante la década del 60 y hasta el día de hoy, en Buenos Aires, se han dado una serie de manifestaciones plásticas que acompañaron los acontecimientos políticos institucionales, que ha resultado una práctica permanente de reflexión y lugar de la memoria en el entramado social.
Conscience fragmentaire et traumatisme de la mémoire collective dans le roman nicaraguayen contemporain
Authors: Chen Sham Jorge
Published: December 2010

Quand on analyse les 7 récits sur l’amour et la guerre (1986) de Rosario Aguilar et Le rêve de l’ange (1999) de Gloria Elena Espinoza de Tercero une question se pose : de quelle manière la portée de la révolution sandiniste se manifeste dans la structure romanesque et sur le plan des histoires personnelles, à travers une mémoire collective et traumatisée. Les deux romans possèdent une structure fragmentaire, comme si le chaos et les traumatismes de la conscience apparaissaient par le biais d’une temporalité discontinue et qui propose la simultanéité et la fragmentation dans une mosaïque collective. Pour ces raisons, les histoires racontées se développent sur un plan intimiste, comme si les personnages se trouvaient dans l’obligation de se renfermer dans leur conscience. Dans ce cadre, les solutions politiques grandiloquentes sont impossibles et les personnages se contentent de clore, de manière individuelle, leurs expériences. Le dégoût et la déception s’emparent des personnages qui, d’un point de vue post-moderne, voient les pièges de la révolution et des discours politiques dans un Nicaragua troublé à la fin du XXème siècle.
Metaliteratura e identidad : Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Veres Luis
Published: December 2010

Uno de los rasgos más característicos de la postmodernidad ha sido la crisis de los grandes relatos. A partir de la decadencia del lenguaje, de la historia y en general de todas las disciplinas teóricas y de los discursos redentores, la credibilidad se ha trasladado a los medios de comunicación. Ya Ángel Rama o Jean Franco señalaron que su influencia es inmensa en la sociedad actual y es determinante en la estructura y contenido de las nuevas novelas. Surgen así discursos fragmentarios en donde lo auto-referencial resulta muy importante y en donde la anécdota de la historia, de la tradición adquiere  una función lúdica y ejemplarizante en un mundo en donde prima el malestar y en donde las identidades parecen borradas. La metaliteratura se erige así en obras de Piglia, Pauls, Roncagliolo, Fresán en un medio de reflexión sobre la propia identidad. Este trabajo trata de reflexionar sobre estos aspectos en la obra de Roberto Bolaño.
Protein Kinase D Orchestrates the Activation of DRAK2 in Response to TCR-Induced Ca2+ Influx and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Generation
Authors: Newton Ryan H. , Leverrier Sabrina , Srikanth Sonal , Gwack Yousang , Cahalan Michael D. , Walsh Craig M.
Published: December 2010

DRAK2 is a serine/threonine kinase highly enriched in lymphocytes that raises the threshold for T cell activation and maintains T cell survival following productive activation. T cells lacking DRAK2 are prone to activation under suboptimal conditions and exhibit enhanced calcium responses to AgR stimulation. Despite this, mice lacking DRAK2 are resistant to organ-specific autoimmune diseases due to defective autoreactive T cell survival. DRAK2 kinase activity is induced by AgR signaling, and in this study we show that the induction of DRAK2 activity requires Ca2+ influx through the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel formed from Orai1 subunits. Blockade of DRAK2 activity with the protein kinase D (PKD) inhibitor Gö6976 or expression of a kinase-dead PKD mutant prevented activation of DRAK2, whereas a constitutively active PKD mutant promoted DRAK2 function. Knockdown of PKD in T cells strongly blocked endogenous DRAK2 activation following TCR ligation, implicating PKD as an essential intermediate in the activation of DRAK2 by Ca2+ influx. Furthermore, we identify DRAK2 as a novel substrate of PKD, and demonstrate that DRAK2 and PKD physically interact under conditions that activate PKD. Mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen intermediates was necessary and sufficient for DRAK2 activation in response to Ca2+ influx. Taken together, DRAK2 and PKD form a novel signaling module that controls calcium homeostasis following T cell activation.
Disruption of Leptin Receptor–STAT3 Signaling Enhances Leukotriene Production and Pulmonary Host Defense against Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Mancuso Peter , Peters-Golden Marc , Goel Deepti , Goldberg Jared , Brock Thomas G. , Greenwald-Yarnell Megan , Myers Martin G.
Published: December 2010

The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin regulates energy homeostasis and the innate immune response. We previously reported that leptin plays a protective role in bacterial pneumonia, but the mechanisms by which leptin regulates host defense remain poorly understood. Leptin binding to its receptor, LepRb, activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including ERK1/2, STAT5, and STAT3. In this study, we compared the responses of wild-type and s/s mice, which possess a mutant LepRb that prevents leptin-induced STAT3 activation, to determine the role of this signaling pathway in pneumococcal pneumonia. Compared with wild-type animals, s/s mice exhibited greater survival and enhanced pulmonary bacterial clearance after an intratracheal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae. We also observed enhanced phagocytosis and killing of S. pneumoniae in vitro in alveolar macrophages (AMs) obtained from s/s mice. Notably, the improved host defense and AM antibacterial effector functions in s/s mice were associated with increased cysteinyl-leukotriene production in vivo and in AMs in vitro. Augmentation of phagocytosis in AMs from s/s mice could be blocked using a pharmacologic cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and cytosolic phospholipase A2 α, known to enhance the release of arachidonic acid for subsequent conversion to leukotrienes, was also increased in AMs from s/s mice stimulated with S. pneumoniae in vitro. These data indicate that ablation of LepRb-mediated STAT3 signaling and the associated augmentation of ERK1/2, cytosolic phospholipase A2 α, and cysteinyl-leukotriene synthesis confers resistance to s/s mice during pneumococcal pneumonia. These data provide novel insights into the intracellular signaling events by which leptin contributes to host defense against bacterial pneumonia.
TCR-Dependent and -Independent Activation Underlie Liver-Specific Regulation of NKT Cells
Authors: Subleski Jeff J. , Hall Veronica L. , Wolfe Thomas B. , Scarzello Anthony J. , Weiss Jonathan M. , Chan Tim , Hodge Deborah L. , Back Timothy C. , Ortaldo John R. , Wiltrout Robert H.
Published: December 2010

The fate of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells following activation remains controversial and unclear. We systemically examined how iNKT cells are regulated following TCR-dependent and -independent activation with α-galactosylceramide (αGC) or IL-18 plus IL-12, respectively. Our studies reveal activation by αGC or IL-18 plus IL-12 induced transient depletion of iNKT cells exclusively in the liver that was independent of caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. The loss of iNKT cells was followed by repopulation and expansion of phenotypically distinct cells via different mechanisms. Liver iNKT cell expansion following αGC, but not IL-18 plus IL-12, treatment required an intact spleen and IFN-γ. Additionally, IL-18 plus IL-12 induced a more prolonged expansion of liver iNKT cells compared with αGC. iNKT cells that repopulate the liver following αGC had higher levels of suppressive receptors PD-1 and Lag3, whereas those that repopulate the liver following IL-18 plus IL-12 had increased levels of TCR and ICOS. In contrast to acute treatment that caused a transient loss of iNKT cells, chronic αGC or IL-18 plus IL-12 treatment caused long-term systemic loss requiring an intact thymus for repopulation of the liver. This report reveals a previously undefined role for the liver in the depletion of activated iNKT cells. Additionally, TCR-dependent and -independent activation differentially regulate iNKT cell distribution and phenotype. These results provide new insights for understanding how iNKT cells are systemically regulated following activation.
IL-6 Trans-Signaling Modulates TLR4-Dependent Inflammatory Responses via STAT3
Authors: Greenhill Claire J. , Rose-John Stefan , Lissilaa Rami , Ferlin Walter , Ernst Matthias , Hertzog Paul J. , Mansell Ashley , Jenkins Brendan J.
Published: December 2010

Innate immune responses triggered by the prototypical inflammatory stimulus LPS are mediated by TLR4 and involve the coordinated production of a multitude of inflammatory mediators, especially IL-6, which signals via the shared IL-6 cytokine family receptor subunit gp130. However, the exact role of IL-6, which can elicit either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses, in the pathogenesis of TLR4-driven inflammatory disorders, as well as the identity of signaling pathways activated by IL-6 in a proinflammatory state, remain unclear. To define the contribution of gp130 signaling events to TLR4-driven inflammatory responses, we combined genetic and therapeutic approaches based on a series of gp130F/F knock-in mutant mice displaying hyperactivated IL-6–dependent JAK/STAT signaling in an experimental model of LPS/TLR4-mediated septic shock. The gp130F/F mice were markedly hypersensitive to LPS, which was associated with the specific upregulated production of IL-6, but not TNF-α. In gp130F/F mice, either genetic ablation of IL-6, Ab-mediated inhibition of IL-6R signaling or therapeutic blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling completely protected mice from LPS hypersensitivity. Furthermore, genetic reduction of STAT3 activity in gp130F/F:Stat3+/− mice alleviated LPS hypersensitivity and reduced LPS-induced IL-6 production. Additional genetic approaches demonstrated that the TLR4/Mal pathway contributed to LPS hypersensitivity and increased IL-6 production in gp130F/F mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that IL-6 trans-signaling via STAT3 is a critical modulator of LPS-driven proinflammatory responses through cross-talk regulation of the TLR4/Mal signaling pathway, and potentially implicate cross-talk between JAK/STAT and TLR pathways as a broader mechanism that regulates the severity of the host inflammatory response.