bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Passive Fuel Cell Heat Recovery Using Heat Pipes to Enhance Metal Hydride Canisters Hydrogen Discharge Rate: An Experimental Simulation
Authors: P. Tetuko Anggito , Shabani Bahman , Andrews John
Published: April 2018

This paper reports on an experimental investigation of a passive thermal coupling arrangement between a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell and a Metal Hydride (MH) hydrogen storage canister using heat pipes for enhancing the release rate of hydrogen. The performance of this arrangement was measured by inserting the evaporator sections of the heat pipes into an aluminum plate mimicking one out of five cooling plates of a 500-W fuel cell (that is a 100 W section of the stack). Thermal pads were attached on both sides of the plate to represent the fuel cell heat to be supplied to a 660-sl MH canister. The results showed that the operating temperature of the fuel cell can be maintained in the desired range of 60–80 °C. A complementary experimental study was also conducted on an 800-sl MH canister supplying hydrogen to a 130-W fuel cell stack (a slightly scaled-up setup compared to the first experiment). The study confirmed the findings of an earlier theoretical study by the authors that by supplying about 20% of the total cooling load of the stack to a MH canister, its maximum sustainable hydrogen supply rate increased by 70%, allowing for continuous operation of the stack at its rated power.
An Investigation on Flame Shape and Size for a High-Pressure Turbulent Non-Premixed Swirl Combustion
Authors: Xi Zhongya , Fu Zhongguang , Hu Xiaotian , Sabir Syed , Jiang Yibo
Published: April 2018

Flame shape and size for a high-pressure turbulent non-premixed swirl combustion were experimentally investigated over a wide range of varying parameters including fuel mass flow rate, combustor pressure, primary-air mass flow rate, and nozzle exit velocity. A CFD simulation was conducted to predict the flame profile. Meanwhile, a theoretical calculation was also performed to estimate flame length. It was observed that flame length increased linearly with increasing fuel mass flow rate but decreased with the increment of combustor pressure in the power function. The flame diminished at a larger primary-air mass flow rate but remained unaffected by the increasing nozzle exit velocity. Considering the global effect of all parameters at a particular pressure, the flame length generally decreased as the primary-air to fuel ratio increased. This was attributed to the reduced air entrainment required to dilute the fuel to stoichiometric proportions. The CFD simulation offered a good prediction of the variation trends of flame length, although some deviations from experimental values were observed. The theoretical calculation estimated the trends of flame length variation particularly well. Nevertheless the difference between the theoretical and experimental results was found to be due to the swirl influence. Hence, a swirl factor was proposed to be added to the original equation for swirl flames.
Sensorless Control of Dual-Active-Bridge Converter with Reduced-Order Proportional-Integral Observer
Authors: Nguyen Duy-Dinh , Nguyen Dinh-Hoa , Funabashi Toshihisa , Fujita Goro
Published: April 2018

When controlling a Dual-Active-Bridge (DAB) DC/DC converter, the high frequency terminal current is usually measured for use in the current feedback controller. In order to measure that current, a wide bandwidth sensor accompanied with high-speed amplifiers are required. Furthermore, a high Analog-to-Digital sampling rate is also necessary for sampling and processing the measured data. To avoid those expensive requirements, this paper proposes an alternative control method for the DAB converter. In the proposed method, the terminal current is estimated by a reduced-order proportional integral observer. A technique is also proposed to reduce the phase drift effect when the voltages at two terminals are not matched. Afterwards, a combined current feedforward—voltage feedback control system is developed to enhance the system dynamics and to regulate the output voltage. This control system needs only the information of the terminal voltages and no current sensor is required. Experimental results show that the observer can estimate the terminal current very quickly with the accuracy of more than 98 % . In addition, the output voltage is well regulated with a fluctuation of less than ± 2.6 % and a settling time of less than 6.5 ms in the presence of a 30 % load change.
Trace Metal Modelling of a Complex River Basin Using the Suite of Models Integrated in the OpenMI Platform
Authors: Shrestha Narayan , Punzal Chrismar , Leta Olkeba , Bauwens Willy
Published: April 2018

Modelling trace metal dynamics is essential in an integrated modelling framework as trace metals have the potential to be fatal, even when present at low concentrations. Since the degree of bioavailability of a metal depends on its presence in the dissolved phase, it is necessary to keep track of both the dissolved and particulate phase of metals. In general, the well-known partitioning coefficient approach is widely used for trace metal speciation. As such, we applied a parametric approach to relate the partitioning coefficient to several environmental variables. These environmental variables are made available by a suite of physically based models (a hydrologic and diffuse pollution model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT); a hydraulic model, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM); a stream temperature model; an in-stream water quality conversion model; and a sediment transport model) integrated using the Open Modelling Interface (OpenMI). For trace metal speciation, two regression techniques, (a) the multi-linear regression (MLR) and (b) the principle component regression (PCR), were used. It is then tested in the Zenne river basin, Belgium, to simulate four trace metals (copper, cadmium, zinc and lead) dynamics. We demonstrated the usefulness of the OpenMI platform to link different model components for integrated trace metal transport modelling of a complex river basin. It was found that the integrated model simulated different metals with ‘satisfactory’ accuracy. The MLR- and PCR-based model results were also comparable. From a management perspective, the river is not heavily polluted except for the level of dissolved zinc. We believe that the availability of such a model will allow for a better understanding of trace metal dynamics, which could be utilized to improve the present condition of the river.
Learning from Past Displacements?1 The History of Migrations between Historical Specificity, Presentism and Fractured Continuities
Authors: Lachenicht Susanne
Published: April 2018

n/a
Emerging Trends in Health Promotion for People with Disabilities
Authors: Wingo Brooks C. , Rimmer James H.
Published: April 2018

The need among people with disabilities to improve their own health and prevent/manage secondary conditions requires a better balance between reactive and anticipatory care.
An Efficient ABC_DE_Based Hybrid Algorithm for Protein–Ligand Docking
Authors: Guan Boxin , Zhang Changsheng , Zhao Yuhai
Published: April 2018

Protein–ligand docking is a process of searching for the optimal binding conformation between the receptor and the ligand. Automated docking plays an important role in drug design, and an efficient search algorithm is needed to tackle the docking problem. To tackle the protein–ligand docking problem more efficiently, An ABC_DE_based hybrid algorithm (ADHDOCK), integrating artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and differential evolution (DE) algorithm, is proposed in the article. ADHDOCK applies an adaptive population partition (APP) mechanism to reasonably allocate the computational resources of the population in each iteration process, which helps the novel method make better use of the advantages of ABC and DE. The experiment tested fifty protein–ligand docking problems to compare the performance of ADHDOCK, ABC, DE, Lamarckian genetic algorithm (LGA), running history information guided genetic algorithm (HIGA), and swarm optimization for highly flexible protein–ligand docking (SODOCK). The results clearly exhibit the capability of ADHDOCK toward finding the lowest energy and the smallest root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) on most of the protein–ligand docking problems with respect to the other five algorithms.
A Lipophilic IR-780 Dye-Encapsulated Zwitterionic Polymer-Lipid Micellar Nanoparticle for Enhanced Photothermal Therapy and NIR-Based Fluorescence Imaging in a Cervical Tumor Mouse Model
Authors: Rajendrakumar Santhosh , Chang Ning-Chu , Mohapatra Adityanarayan , Uthaman Saji , Lee Byeong-Il , Tsai Wei-bor , Park In-Kyu
Published: April 2018

To prolong blood circulation and avoid the triggering of immune responses, nanoparticles in the bloodstream require conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG). However, PEGylation hinders the interaction between the nanoparticles and the tumor cells and therefore limits the applications of PEGylated nanoparticles for therapeutic drug delivery. To overcome this limitation, zwitterionic materials can be used to enhance the systemic blood circulation and tumor-specific delivery of hydrophobic agents such as IR-780 iodide dye for photothermal therapy. Herein, we developed micellar nanoparticles using the amphiphilic homopolymer poly(12-(methacryloyloxy)dodecyl phosphorylcholine) (PCB-lipid) synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The PCB-lipid can self-assemble into micelles and encapsulate IR-780 dye (PCB-lipid–IR-780). Our results demonstrated that PCB-lipid–IR-780 nanoparticle (NP) exhibited low cytotoxicity and remarkable photothermal cytotoxicity to cervical cancer cells (TC-1) upon near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. The biodistribution of PCB-lipid–IR-780 showed higher accumulation of PCB-lipid–IR-780 than that of free IR-780 in the TC-1 tumor. Furthermore, following NIR laser irradiation of the tumor region, the PCB-lipid–IR-780 accumulated in the tumor facilitated enhanced tumor ablation and subsequent tumor regression in the TC-1 xenograft model. Hence, these zwitterionic polymer-lipid hybrid micellar nanoparticles show great potential for cancer theranostics and might be beneficial for clinical applications.
Oncosuppressors and Oncogenes: Role in Haemangioma Genesis and Potential for Therapeutic Targeting
Authors: Mabeta Peace
Published: April 2018

Genetic lesions in proto-oncogenes result in the perturbation of angiogenesis, the formation of neovessels from a pre-existing microvasculature. Similarly, the subversion of tumor suppressor genes promotes tumor vascularization. Excessive neovessel formation is associated with various neoplasms such as infantile hemangiomas (IH). Hemangiomas are the most common tumors in pediatric patients and at present have no definitive treatment. The pathogenesis of IH is not well understood; however, both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis are associated with hemangioma genesis. A number of factors that modulate angiogenesis and vasculogenesis have been shown to be dysregulated in IH. Several of the oncogenes and tumor suppressors linked to the promotion of angiogenesis are also altered in infantile hemangioma. In this review, the roles of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes during neovascularization and hemangioma genesis are explored. In addition, the potential for targeting these genes in IH therapy is discussed.
Hypoxia Supports Epicardial Cell Differentiation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through the Activation of the TGFβ Pathway
Authors: Tao Jiayi , Barnett Joey V. , Watanabe Michiko , Ramírez-Bergeron Diana
Published: April 2018

Epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) are an important pool of multipotent cardiovascular progenitor cells. Through epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), EPDCs invade the subepicardium and myocardium and further differentiate into several cell types required for coronary vessel formation. We previously showed that epicardial hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling mediates the invasion of vascular precursor cells critical for patterning the coronary vasculature. Here, we examine the regulatory role of hypoxia (1% oxygen) on EPDC differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Results: Hypoxia stimulates EMT and enhances expression of several VSMC markers in mouse epicardial cell cultures. This stimulation is specifically blocked by inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) receptor I. Further analyses indicated that hypoxia increases the expression level of TGFβ-1 ligand and phosphorylation of TGFβ receptor II, suggesting an indispensable role of the TGFβ pathway in hypoxia-stimulated VSMC differentiation. We further demonstrate that the non-canonical RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway acts as the main downstream effector of TGFβ to modulate hypoxia’s effect on VSMC differentiation. Conclusion: Our results reveal a novel role of epicardial HIF in mediating coronary vasculogenesis by promoting their differentiation into VSMCs through noncanonical TGFβ signaling. These data elucidate that patterning of the coronary vasculature is influenced by epicardial hypoxic signals.
Colorectal Cancer: Genetic Abnormalities, Tumor Progression, Tumor Heterogeneity, Clonal Evolution and Tumor-Initiating Cells
Authors: Testa Ugo , Pelosi Elvira , Castelli Germana
Published: April 2018

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Most colorectal cancer occurrences are sporadic, not related to genetic predisposition or family history; however, 20–30% of patients with colorectal cancer have a family history of colorectal cancer and 5% of these tumors arise in the setting of a Mendelian inheritance syndrome. In many patients, the development of a colorectal cancer is preceded by a benign neoplastic lesion: either an adenomatous polyp or a serrated polyp. Studies carried out in the last years have characterized the main molecular alterations occurring in colorectal cancers, showing that the tumor of each patient displays from two to eight driver mutations. The ensemble of molecular studies, including gene expression studies, has led to two proposed classifications of colorectal cancers, with the identification of four/five non-overlapping groups. The homeostasis of the rapidly renewing intestinal epithelium is ensured by few stem cells present at the level of the base of intestinal crypts. Various experimental evidence suggests that colorectal cancers may derive from the malignant transformation of intestinal stem cells or of intestinal cells that acquire stem cell properties following malignant transformation. Colon cancer stem cells seem to be involved in tumor chemoresistance, radioresistance and relapse.
Synthesis of TiFe Hydrogen Absorbing Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and SPS Treatment
Authors: Nobuki Tohru , Moriya Taro , Hatate Minoru , Crivello Jean-Claude , Cuevas Fermin , Joubert Jean-Marc
Published: April 2018

This study aims to clarify the influence of the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method on structural morphology, mechanical properties and also functional characteristics, such as hydrogen absorbing properties, for titanium-iron intermetallic compounds. We could synthesize B2-TiFe phase using mechanical alloying (MA) during 3 h and SPS treatment of 5 min at 500–1000 °C, which was confirmed by XRD and Electron Probe Microanalyzer (EPMA) measurements. In addition, the synthesized TiFe intermetallic compound has been found to absorb hydrogen with high kinetics in both high pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Pressure-Composition-Temperature (PCT) measurements. Therefore, we have successfully developed TiFe alloy in bulk form from initial raw powders by using a combination of short period mechanical alloying and SPS heat treatment. This combined route enhances the potential of the SPS method to synthesize new materials.
Influence of Solution-Annealing Parameters on the Continuous Cooling Precipitation of Aluminum Alloy 6082
Authors: Fröck Hannes , Milkereit Benjamin , Wiechmann Philipp , Springer Armin , Sander Manuela , Kessler Olaf , Reich Michael
Published: April 2018

We use a systematic approach to investigate the influence of the specific solution condition on quench-induced precipitation of coarse secondary phase particles during subsequent cooling for a wide range of cooling rates. Commercially produced plate material of aluminum alloy EN AW-6082 was investigated and the applied solution treatment conditions were chosen based on heating differential scanning calorimetry experiments of the initial T651 condition. The kinetics of the quench-induced precipitation were investigated by in situ cooling differential scanning calorimetry for a wide range of cooling rates. The nature of those quench-induced precipitates was analyzed by electron microscopy. The experimental data was evaluated with respect to the detrimental effect of incomplete dissolution on the age-hardening potential. We show that if the chosen solution temperature and soaking duration are too low or short, the solution treatment results in an incomplete dissolution of secondary phase particles. This involves precipitation during subsequent cooling to start concurrently with the onset of cooling, which increases the quench sensitivity. However, if the solution conditions allow the formation of a complete solid solution, precipitation will start after a certain degree of undercooling, thus keeping the upper critical cooling rate at the usual alloy-specific level.
Optimizing the Gating System for Steel Castings
Authors: Jezierski Jan , Dojka Rafał , Janerka Krzysztof
Published: April 2018

The article presents the attempt to optimize a gating system to produce cast steel castings. It is based on John Campbell’s theory and presents the original results of computer modelling of typical and optimized gating systems for cast steel castings. The current state-of-the-art in cast steel casting foundry was compared with several proposals of optimization. The aim was to find a compromise between the best, theoretically proven gating system version, and a version that would be affordable in industrial conditions. The results show that it is possible to achieve a uniform and slow pouring process even for heavy castings to preserve their internal quality.
Neural Network Modeling for the Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Eudialyte Concentrate by Dry Digestion and Leaching
Authors: Ma Yiqian , Stopic Srecko , Gronen Lars , Milivojevic Milovan , Obradovic Srdjan , Friedrich Bernd
Published: April 2018

Eudialyte is a promising mineral for rare earth elements (REE) extraction due to its good solubility in acid, low radioactive, and relatively high content of REE. In this paper, a two stage hydrometallurgical treatment of eudialyte concentrate was studied: dry digestion with hydrochloric acid and leaching with water. The hydrochloric acid for dry digestion to eudialyte concentrate ratio, mass of water for leaching to mass of eudialyte concentrate ratio, leaching temperature and leaching time as the predictor variables, and the total rare earth elements (TREE) extraction efficiency as the response were considered. After experimental work in laboratory conditions, according to design of experiment theory (DoE), the modeling process was performed using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Stepwise Regression (SWR), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The ANN model of REE extraction was adopted. Additional tests showed that values predicted by the neural network model were in very good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, the experiments were performed on a scaled up system under optimal conditions that were predicted by the adopted ANN model. Results at the scale-up plant confirmed the results that were obtained in the laboratory.
The Evidence of Decisive Effect of Both Surface Microstructure and Speciation of Chalcopyrite on Attachment Behaviors of Extreme Thermoacidophile Sulfolobus metallicus
Authors: Ling Weibo , Wang Lei , Liu Hongchang , Nie Zhenyuan , Yang Yun , Yang Yi , Ma Chenyan , Zheng Lei , Zhao Yidong , Xia Jinlan
Published: April 2018

The effect of the surface microstructure and chemical speciation of chalcopyrite on the attachment behaviors of thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus metallicus was evaluated for the first time by using integrated techniques including epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (S K-edge XANES) spectroscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In order to obtain the specific surface, the chalcopyrite slices were electrochemically oxidized at 0.87 V and reduced at −0.54 V, respectively. The EFM analysis showed that the quantity of cells attaching on the mineral surface increased with time, and the biofilm formed faster on the electrochemically treated slices than on the untreated ones. The SEM-EDS analysis indicated that the deficiency in energy substrate elemental sulfur (S0) in the specific microsize of local defect sites was disadvantageous to the initial attachment of cells. The XANES and FT-IR data suggested that the elemental sulfur (S0) could be in favor of initial attachment, and surface jarosites inhibited the adsorption and growth of S. metallicus. These results demonstrated that not only the surface microstructure but also the chemical speciation defined the initial attachment behaviors and biofilm growth of the extreme thermophilic archaeon S. metallicus.
A Novel LiDAR-Based Instrument for High-Throughput, 3D Measurement of Morphological Traits in Maize and Sorghum
Authors: Thapa Suresh , Zhu Feiyu , Walia Harkamal , Yu Hongfeng , Ge Yufeng
Published: April 2018

Recently, imaged-based approaches have developed rapidly for high-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP). Imaging reduces a 3D plant into 2D images, which makes the retrieval of plant morphological traits challenging. We developed a novel LiDAR-based phenotyping instrument to generate 3D point clouds of single plants. The instrument combined a LiDAR scanner with a precision rotation stage on which an individual plant was placed. A LabVIEW program was developed to control the scanning and rotation motion, synchronize the measurements from both devices, and capture a 360° view point cloud. A data processing pipeline was developed for noise removal, voxelization, triangulation, and plant leaf surface reconstruction. Once the leaf digital surfaces were reconstructed, plant morphological traits, including individual and total leaf area, leaf inclination angle, and leaf angular distribution, were derived. The system was tested with maize and sorghum plants. The results showed that leaf area measurements by the instrument were highly correlated with the reference methods (R2 > 0.91 for individual leaf area; R2 > 0.95 for total leaf area of each plant). Leaf angular distributions of the two species were also derived. This instrument could fill a critical technological gap for indoor HTPP of plant morphological traits in 3D.
A Fast and On-Machine Measuring System Using the Laser Displacement Sensor for the Contour Parameters of the Drill Pipe Thread
Authors: Dong Zhixu , Sun Xingwei , Chen Changzheng , Sun Mengnan
Published: April 2018

The inconvenient loading and unloading of a long and heavy drill pipe gives rise to the difficulty in measuring the contour parameters of its threads at both ends. To solve this problem, in this paper we take the SCK230 drill pipe thread-repairing machine tool as a carrier to design and achieve a fast and on-machine measuring system based on a laser probe. This system drives a laser displacement sensor to acquire the contour data of a certain axial section of the thread by using the servo function of a CNC machine tool. To correct the sensor’s measurement errors caused by the measuring point inclination angle, an inclination error model is built to compensate data in real time. To better suppress random error interference and ensure real contour information, a new wavelet threshold function is proposed to process data through the wavelet threshold denoising. Discrete data after denoising is segmented according to the geometrical characteristics of the drill pipe thread, and the regression model of the contour data in each section is fitted by using the method of weighted total least squares (WTLS). Then, the thread parameters are calculated in real time to judge the processing quality. Inclination error experiments show that the proposed compensation model is accurate and effective, and it can improve the data acquisition accuracy of a sensor. Simulation results indicate that the improved threshold function is of better continuity and self-adaptability, which makes sure that denoising effects are guaranteed, and, meanwhile, the complete elimination of real data distorted in random errors is avoided. Additionally, NC50 thread-testing experiments show that the proposed on-machine measuring system can complete the measurement of a 25 mm thread in 7.8 s, with a measurement accuracy of ±8 μm and repeatability limit ≤ 4 μm (high repeatability), and hence the accuracy and efficiency of measurement are both improved.
Super-Resolution for “Jilin-1” Satellite Video Imagery via a Convolutional Network
Authors: Xiao Aoran , Wang Zhongyuan , Wang Lei , Ren Yexian
Published: April 2018

Super-resolution for satellite video attaches much significance to earth observation accuracy, and the special imaging and transmission conditions on the video satellite pose great challenges to this task. The existing deep convolutional neural-network-based methods require pre-processing or post-processing to be adapted to a high-resolution size or pixel format, leading to reduced performance and extra complexity. To this end, this paper proposes a five-layer end-to-end network structure without any pre-processing and post-processing, but imposes a reshape or deconvolution layer at the end of the network to retain the distribution of ground objects within the image. Meanwhile, we formulate a joint loss function by combining the output and high-dimensional features of a non-linear mapping network to precisely learn the desirable mapping relationship between low-resolution images and their high-resolution counterparts. Also, we use satellite video data itself as a training set, which favors consistency between training and testing images and promotes the method’s practicality. Experimental results on “Jilin-1” satellite video imagery show that this method demonstrates a superior performance in terms of both visual effects and measure metrics over competing methods.
Intercomparison on Four Irrigated Cropland Maps in Mainland China
Authors: Liu Yizhu , Wu Wenbin , Li Hailan , Imtiaz Muhammad , Li Zhaoliang , Zhou Qingbo
Published: April 2018

Wide-coverage spatial information on irrigated croplands is a vital foundation for food security and water resources studies at the regional level. Several global irrigated-cropland maps have been released to the public over the past decade due to the efforts of the remote sensing community. However, the consistency and discrepancy between these maps is largely unknown because of a lack of comparative studies, limiting their use and improvement. To close this knowledge gap, we compared the latest four irrigated-cropland datasets (GMIA, GRIPC, GlobCover, and GFSAD) in mainland China. First, the four maps were compared quantitatively and neutral regional- and provincial-level statistics of the relative proportions of irrigated land were obtained through regression analysis. Second, we compared the similarities and discrepancies of the datasets on spatial grids. Furthermore, the contributions of mosaic cropland pixels in GlobCover and GFSAD were also analyzed because of their extensive distribution and ambiguous content. Results showed that GMIA has the lowest dispersion and best statistical correlation followed by GRIPC, while the corresponding features of GlobCover and GFSAD are approximately equal. Spatial agreement of the four maps is higher in eastern than western China, and disagreement is contributed mostly by GlobCover and GFSAD. However, divergence exists in the ratios of the different agreement levels, as well as their sources, on a regional scale. Mosaic pixels provide more than half of the irrigated areas for GlobCover and GFSAD, and they include both correct and incorrect information. Our results indicate a need for a uniform quantitative classification system and for greater focus on heterogeneous regions. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the advantage of numerical restriction in the calculations. Therefore, special attention should be paid to integrating databases and to exploring remote sensing features and methods for spatial reconstruction and identification of untypical irrigation areas.
Honey Bee as Alternative Medicine to Treat Eleven Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection during Pregnancy
Authors: Bouacha Mabrouka , Ayed Hayette , Grara Nedjoud
Published: April 2018

Medicinal benefits of honey bee have been recognized in the medical community since ancient times as a remedy for many diseases and infections. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro susceptibility of 11 multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, isolated from urinary tract infections of pregnant women, to six honey samples collected from different localities in the east of Algeria. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity was performed by the well method followed by the broth dilution method using two-fold dilutions of each honey sample ranging from 2.5 to 80% (w/v). The results obtained in this study revealed that all tested honeys exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the tested strains. The diameters of inhibition ranged from 19.67 to 53.33 mm, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2.5 to 40% (w/v) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBCs) varied between 2.5 and 80% (w/v). Gram-positive bacteria were found to be more susceptible than Gram-negative bacteria with diameters ranging from 43.33 to 53.33 mm; MIC and MBC values ranged from 2.5 to 5% (w/v). The P. aeruginosa strain was found to be less susceptible than other strains with inhibitory diameters ranging from 19.67 to 27.33 mm; MICs ranged from 20 to 40% and MBCs ranged from 20 to 80% (w/v). This contribution has provided a broad overview of the antibacterial activity of Algerian honey and shown that honey bee has great potential for therapeutic use as an alternative therapy for urinary tract infection treatment which is safe and efficient during pregnancy.
Big Data, Algorithmic Regulation, and the History of the Cybersyn Project in Chile, 1971–1973
Authors: Loeber Katharina
Published: April 2018

We are living in a data-driven society. Big Data and the Internet of Things are popular terms. Governments, universities and the private sector make great investments in collecting and storing data and also extracting new knowledge from these data banks. Technological enthusiasm runs throughout political discourses. “Algorithmic regulation” is defined as a form of data-driven governance. Big Data shall offer brand new opportunities in scientific research. At the same time, political criticism of data storage grows because of a lack of privacy protection and the centralization of data in the hands of governments and corporations. Calls for data-driven dynamic regulation have existed in the past. In Chile, cybernetic development led to the creation of Cybersyn, a computer system that was created to manage the socialist economy under the Allende government 1971–1973. My contribution will present this Cybersyn project created by Stafford Beer. Beer proposed the creation of a “liberty machine” in which expert knowledge would be grounded in data-guided policy. The paper will focus on the human–technological complex in society. The first section of the paper will discuss whether the political and social environment can completely change the attempts of algorithmic regulation. I will deal specifically with the development of technological knowledge in Chile, a postcolonial state, and the relationship between citizens and data storage in a socialist state. In a second section, I will examine the question of which measures can lessen the danger of data storage regarding privacy in a democratic society. Lastly, I will discuss how much data-driven governance is required for democracy and political participation. I will present a second case study: digital participatory budgeting (DPB) in Brazil.
Multi-Criterion Two-Sided Matching of Public–Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects: Criteria and Methods
Authors: Liang Ru , Wu Changzhi , Sheng Zhaohan , Wang Xiangyu
Published: April 2018

Two kinds of evaluative criteria are associated with Public–Private Partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects, i.e., private evaluative criteria and public evaluative criteria. These evaluative criteria are inversely related, that is, the higher the public benefits; the lower the private surplus. To balance evaluative criteria in the Two-Sided Matching (TSM) decision, this paper develops a quantitative matching decision model to select an optimal matching scheme for PPP infrastructure projects based on the Hesitant Fuzzy Set (HFS) under unknown evaluative criterion weights. In the model, HFS is introduced to describe values of the evaluative criteria and multi-criterion information is fully considered given by groups. The optimal model is built and solved by maximizing the whole deviation of each criterion so that the evaluative criterion weights are determined objectively. Then, the match-degree of the two sides is calculated and a multi-objective optimization model is introduced to select an optimal matching scheme via a min-max approach. The results provide new insights and implications of the influence on evaluative criteria in the TSM decision.
"L'honnête homme et l'interdisciplinarité"
Authors: Guionnet Guy
Published: April 2018

Après avoir montré comment l'honnête homme du XVIIème siècle était authentiquement interdisciplinaire, il a semblé nécessaire d'observer son évolution dans ses survivances au cours des siècles jusqu'à nos jours.

Des problèmes de cloisonnements de disciplines sont apparus, ainsi que l'accélération des connaissances ; puis des osmoses se sont opérées dans un climat constant d'ambiguïté dont nous avons perdu la conscience.

Cela rejaillit de nos jours sur les apports - ou les échanges éventuels - entre les disciplines elles-mêmes, mais aussi sur les équipes pédagogiques dont l'équilibre ne peut être stable que si un tel effort rétrospectif de lucidité est maintenu.

Il en résulte deux principales conséquences, constamment sous-jacentes, qui ne sont pas traitées ici, et laissées à l'interprétation du lecteur.

1 -Dans l'esprit de l'honnête homme "actuel", tout dominé qu'il est par la

technologie et les disciplines nouvelles, quel nouveau minimum de connaissances est-il exigé, et quels décloisonnements se sont opérés en lui ?

2 -N'est-il pas vrai qu'une langue internationale existe déjà, dans les faits,

pour véhiculer ces concepts nouveaux qui déterminent les langues des spécialités ?
Langue et Identité
Authors: Gauthier Michel
Published: April 2018

À vouloir trop "faire sérieux" et s'entourer d'appareillages, de technologies et de théories "linguistiques", le professeur de langue vivante risque fort de préparer, indéfiniment , en vase clos, un étudiant qui ne fera jamais, ni plus tard dans sa vie professionnelle, ni dans les groupes de l'I.U.T, l'expérience de communiquer réellement, c'est à dire d'exprimer devant les autres et pour les autres des messages personnels et qui lui tiennent à coeur. L'aspect pratique de l'emploi de la langue étrangère présuppose les préoccupations du professeur d'expression : maitrise de soi, de sa propre capacité à s'ouvrir aux autres et à les écouter ; et celles du professeur de psychologie et de sociologie, si nous parvenons à convaincre nos étudiants que s'exprimer dans une langue étrangère est un enrichissement de soi., de ses aptitudes à communiquer, et non une diminution de leur identité, profonde, une inhibition, une assimilation totale aux valeurs culturelles de l'autre.
Producing Worksheets for Reading Comprehension Guidance
Authors: Mell Jeremy
Published: April 2018

Cet article propose aux professeurs qui veulent créer des 'fiches de travail' pour accompagner des textes authentiques des principes généraux pour leur rédaction -et quelques exemples.

•Ces fiches contiendraient des exercices pour a i d e r la compréhension d'un texte spécifique et pour enseigner la compréhension : c'est à dire, d'augmenter le 'répertoire' de strategies, de langage acquis, de connaissances et de capacités du lecteur. bous soulignons aussi la primordial it£ de la compréhension globale dans le processus

de la prise de connaissance d'un texte. fans la rédaction d'une fiche, nous serons influencés notamment par le niveau de nos élèves, par le but der, exercices, par la structure thématique et 1a fonction communicative du texte.

Les techniques de rédaction proposées sont :

-la création préalable d'une modèle du texte, (une représentation graphique de sa structure)

-trois approches pour résoudre des problèmes de lexique, (en laissant néanmoins la place a la capacité importante de pouvoir deviner le sens d'un mot)

-un inventaire de types d'exercices

-un format de base pour les fiches de travail qui contiendraient des activités de pré-lecture , des activités de lecture, et des taches pour exploiter ou ré-employer le langage du texte.

L'article est suivi d'une appendice qu i con lient deux textes avec leur, module et, leur fiche de travail
L'EAO au Département Informatique de l'IUT de Paris V : Journées d'Information pour les Étudiants de 2ème année, les 17, 19, 22 et 23 Mars 1982
Authors: Pradeilles Anne
Published: April 2018

Ce compte rendu a pour but de montrer combien l'enseignement des langues vivantes en IUT doit être partie prenante du processus éducatif global de chatte département, et comment un enseignant de langues vivantes peut participer activement à la vie pluridisciplinaire de l'équipe pédagogique de son département.

Afin de bien percevoir le lien pédagogique concret qui unit ces différentes manifestations et le cours d'anglais, le lecteur pourra se reporter aux textes de This Quiet Revolution illustrant les aspects de l'EAO traités au cours de ces journées d'études (les références bibliographiques précises sont données en fin d'article).
L'article zéro
Authors: Gallais-Hamonno Janine
Published: April 2018

Cet article prépare le travail du groupe ATRIL pour l'année 1982 -83 . Offrant une série d'exemples de l'utilisation de l'article zéro dans un texte d'économie, il en propose une analyse qui sera confirmée ou infirmée par les exemples trouvés, dans d'autres textes, par les participants au séminaire.

C'est pourquoi l'article porte le numéro 1, espérant que d'autres suivront, qui viendront compléter cette analyse.

L'analyse syntaxique que nous proposons permet en effet d'expliquer l'utilisation de l'article zéro par la différence entre le concept et la notion. Alors que l'article défini est la marque du terme ou du syntagme désignant un concept, l'article zéro désigne au contraire une notion dont les traits ne sont pas clairement définis et qui n'est pas délimitée comme le concept.

Différents types de notions peuvent toutefois être distingués : celles qui n'ont jamais fait l'objet d'une analyse et celles qui, au contraire des concepts outils d'analyse, servent seulement à renvoyer à quelque chose de connu.

- l'article zéro sert également à marquer les signifiants, c'est-à-dire que le terme ou le syntagme qui le suit est considéré en tant que tel, et non pas par rapport au signifié qu'il représente.

Enfin, l'article zéro précède les termes de valeur analytique autre que 1 .
De l'auto-évaluation à l'auto-enseignement
Authors: Savio Michel
Published: April 2018

Dans des limites balisées par une critique abondante, les diverses catégories de tests peuvent rendre service dans un certain nombre de domaines. Toutefois, leur utilisation reste le plus souvent une affaire de groupe, et surtout, le "testé" ne bénéficie, la plupart du temps, d'aucune rétroaction pour son usage personnel . Le système qui est présenté ici, SCORE, est un instrument de travail individualisé conçu pour combler cette lacune.
"J.R. Firth as computational linguist : A description of the CLOC text analysis software package in its linguistic context"
Authors: Phillips Martin K.
Published: April 2018

Quand M. Phillips - bien connu des lecteurs des Cahiers de l'APLIUT (cf. No. 13, pp. 16-30) - a proposé cet article , "J.R. Firth linguiste computationnel : une description du progiciel d'analyse textuelle CLOC replacé dans son contexte linguistique", il s'est demandé si cet exposé n'était pas, selon ses propres termes, un peu trop "ésotérique". En fait, il suffit d'entrer dans le texte et de suivre le guide. La présentation des arguments est agencée de façon extrêmement claire : l'auteur ne craint pas de s'adresser directement à ses lecteurs. M. Phillips a divisé son exposé en deux grandes parties : 1) un rappel historique de l'oeuvre du grand linguiste britannique, J. R. FIRTH, titulaire de la chaire de linguistique générale à Londres presque jusqu'à sa mort en 1960, dont les travaux ont inspiré toute une école moderne de linguistes computationnels, 2) une description du progiciel d'analyse textuelle appelé CLOC - acronyme dérivé de CoLOCation - développé ensuite, à l'université de Birmingham, par un disciple de J.R. Firth, le linguiste J.Mc.H. Sinclair, et un informaticien, A. Reed. M. Phillips articule sa présentation de CLOC autour de trois grandes parties correspondant aux trois phases d'un traitement utilisant ce progiciel : 1. la description de l'ensemble des caractères à utiliser pour un traitement donné (ces caractères sont crées au cours de la phase de préparation des données, comme CLOC travaille sur des fichiers préalablement organisés en tableaux avec pointeurs), 2. la spécification de l'ensemble du vocabulaire à traiter, 3. la sélection de la tâche à effectuer. Chacune de ces trois étapes est illustrée par un tableau donnant les différentes options possibles. M. Phillips termine sa présentation de CLOC par un exemple de programme typique. Une bibliographie extrêmement détaillée vient compléter cet article important pour l'EAO et la linguistique computationnelle.
L'image, outil pédagogique pour l'enseignement de l'anglais scientifique et technique
Authors: Perrot Bernard
Published: April 2018

L'image (de télévision en particulier), longtemps considérée, sinon comme l'ennemi, du moins comme le concurrent de l'enseignant, peut au contraire devenir un précieux auxiliaire pédagogique, en particulier pour l'enseignement de la langue scientifique et technique. Elle a depuis longtemps acquis droit de cité (films fixes, video,..) pour l'enseignement de l'anglais général, et pour la langue de spécialité des secteurs tertiaires. Elle s'impose encore davantage dans le domaine scientifique et technique, où le recours à des schémas, photos et films constitue un support précieux. Pour l'anglais oral, on peut utiliser des croquis ou des fi lus pour présenter la description ou le fonctionnement d'un appareil, ou les étapes d'une fabrication ou d'un processus. Pour l'écrit, la présentation au rétroprojecteur de schémas accompagnant un article scientifique (le choix d'un document authentique est essentiel), peut également servir de support au réemploi du contenu linguistique. Deux extraits d'un article technique illustrent la façon d'exploiter ce genre de document. Qu'elle accompagne des documents écrits ou oraux, l'image constitue un auxiliaire précieux pour faire franchir à l'étudiant les deux étapes de 'la maîtrise d'une langue : la compréhension du document par l'étude des éléments linguistiques (lexique passif) et l'expression par le réemploi de la terminologie et des structures, en utilisant l'image comme support, de façon à les intégrer au lexique passif.
Pédagogie de l'"expression libre" et grammaire implicite
Authors: Gauthier Michel
Published: April 2018

Dans les quelques pages qui suivent, Michel Gauthier, professeur de Techniques d'Expression et de Communication, mais surtout enseignant d'espagnol dans plusieurs départements d'IUT et vice-président de l'APLIUT représentant, les langues autres que l'anglais, veut, de nouveau, amener le lecteur à s' interroger sur la pédagogie en langues vivantes. Constatant que le contact entre pédagogues et linguistes s'est toujours produit dans le sens où les seconds indiquaient aux premiers comment était constituée la langue qu'ils étaient chargés de faire pratiquer par les enseignés, il voudrait proposer une "autre pédagogie" : une pédagogie de l'"expression libre". Et dans le cadre de cette nouvelle pédagogie, il voudrait découvrir les grammaires implicites — grammaires mnémotechniques, formées, provisoirement, de "micro-systèmes associatifs" — que chacun se construit au contact de sa propre pratique de la langue.
Quelques notes sur un cours audio-visuel d'anglais technique
Authors: Boutheyre Émile
Published: April 2018

Dans quelles circonstances j'ai été amené à concevoir une initiation audio-visuelle à l'anglais technique, à l'intention d'étudiants de Génie Mécanique. Les motivations des étudiants comparées aux aptitudes couramment exigées par leurs futurs employeurs. Les raisons d'enseigner quelques notions d'anglais technique. Le contenu du cours : 1 -Un petit nombre de structures grammaticales abordées d'un point de vue fonctionnel. 2 -Une sélection de termes spécialisés. Aspects de la langue de la mécanique. Pourquoi certains types de termes techniques anglais sont difficiles à apprendre pour des étudiants francophones. Quel vocabulaire enseigner en priorité. Les pièges de l'homologie apparente. L'accentuation des dérivés. Comment le projet a été réalisé. Quelques applications du cours.
Les étonnements d'un vieux pédagogue
Authors: Villégier Jean
Published: April 2018

Tenir compte de l'inattention, de la distraction, de la diversité des intérêts des élèves devant les sujets qui leur sont proposés en classe, c'est faire preuve de réalisme et de conscience (professionnelle). Fonder une pédagogie sur l'oubli - jamais complet - et différent selon chacun, des formes linguistiques pratiquées entre tous les élèves peut paraître une gageure, un paradoxe.

La longue et multiple expérience (multipliée par celle de tous les collègues qui pratiquent la méthode) de Jean Villegier permet d'assurer l'efficacité de 1'"Expression Libre".
Informatisation de la société et emploi féminin
Authors: Henrot Christine
Published: April 2018

During the last two decades, women have entered the labour market in ever-increasing numbers. As this trend accelerated, certain activities particularly in the service sector and occupations have become increasingly "feminised". Today, in Great Britain, women are concentrated in a limited range of occupations and in relatively less skilled and low-paying jobs. This concentration, has fundamental implications in terms of adjustment to new technology, for many of the occupations to which women gravitate are precisely those which are most likely to be thoroughly transformed by the new information. technology. Will these changes affect the number of existing jobs or will they change working-patterns and the nature of work itself ? Such are some of the questions considered in this article.
Une analyse syntaxique des nombres cardinaux en anglais de la mécanique des sols
Authors: Anglard Claude
Published: April 2018

Cette étude, fondée sur la méthode d'analyse syntaxique de Janine Gallais-Hamonno, permet de distinguer deux grands types de nombres cardinaux. I - Les quantificateurs, qui se rencontrent dans le niveau d'énonciation "Discours Scientifique". Ils expriment une opération de comptage des éléments, sont le support de l'exemple ou de la démonstration, et peuvent être utiles à l'étudiant pour actualiser sa démarche scientifique. II - Les qualificateurs, le plus souvent rencontrés dans le niveau "langue", peuvent avoir quatre fonctions différentes : - nommer : c'est le nombre label/étiquette - identifier : " le nombre identité/repère - qualifier, définir : "' le nombre propriétés caractéristiques - localiser : " le nombre coordonnées/localisation. Ces nombres intéressent directement le spécialiste en tant que points de référence dans la science considérée.