bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of spin–orbit torque-driven domain nucleation through geometry in chirally coupled magnetic tracks
Authors: Beaulieu Guillaume , Luo Zhaochu , Raposo Víctor , Heyderman Laura J. , Gambardella Pietro , Martínez Eduardo , Hrabec Aleš
Published: September 2024

The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) can be exploited in magnetic thin films to realize lateral chirally coupled systems, providing a way to couple different sections of a magnetic racetrack and realize interconnected networks of magnetic logic gates. Here, we systematically investigate the interplay between spin–orbit torques, chiral coupling, and the device design in domain wall racetracks. We show that the current-induced domain nucleation process can be tuned between single-domain nucleation and repeated nucleation of alternate domains by changing the orientation of an in-plane patterned magnetic region within an out-of-plane magnetic racetrack. Furthermore, by combining experiments and micromagnetic simulations, we show that the combination of damping-like and field-like spin–orbit torques with DMI results in selective domain wall injection in one of two arms of a Y-shaped device depending on the current density. Such an element constitutes the basis of domain wall based demultiplexer, which is essential for distributing a single input to any one of the multiple outputs in logic circuits. Our results provide input for the design of reliable and multifunctional domain wall circuits based on chirally coupled interfaces.
Engineering of Co/MgO interface with combination of ultrathin heavy metal insertion and post-oxidation for voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect
Authors: Nakayama Hiroyasu , Nozaki Tomohiro , Nozaki Takayuki , Yuasa Shinji
Published: September 2024

The voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect in ferromagnet/insulator junctions provides an effective way to manipulate electron spins, which can form the basis of future magnetic memory technologies. Recent studies have revealed that the VCMA effect can be strongly tuned by a process of “interface engineering” exploiting ultrathin heavy metal layers and an electron depletion effect. To further decrease the numbers of electrons, chemical reactions, such as surface oxidation of ferromagnets, may also be an effective way to achieve this depletion. However, the knowledge of combined effect of heavy metal layers and oxidation is still lacking. Here, we demonstrate that dual interfacial engineering using an insertion of heavy metals (Pt or Re) and a post-oxidation process can have a remarkable effect on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the VCMA effect. Interestingly, a strong enhancement of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is observed by dual interfacial engineering with Pt insertion, although it does not occur with Pt insertion or surface oxidation alone. Furthermore, even a sign reversal of the additional VCMA effect due to the ultrathin heavy metal layers is observed by utilizing dual interfacial engineering. These findings provide another degree of freedom for designing voltage-controlled spintronic devices and pave the way to interfacial spin–orbit engineering for the VCMA effect.
Two-phase magnetohydrodynamic blood flow through curved porous artery
Authors: Yadav Nitisha , Jaiswal Sneha , Yadav Pramod Kumar
Published: September 2024

Blood arteries are important part of our cardiovascular system. A comprehensive study of shape and anatomy of blood arteries allows to elucidate the dynamics of blood flow in these arteries. Typically, the arteries are a curved-tube like structure, with arterial walls exhibiting a composition of various porous layers. The current study embarks on a theoretical exploration of a two-fluid model of blood flow and heat transfer through the curved artery under an influence of a magnetic field. The artery walls are composed of Brinkman and Darcy layers. The blood flows through a curved artery exerts centrifugal forces on the arterial walls that leads to change the blood flow patterns. The significant effects of curvature along with the intensity of an applied magnetic field on the blood flow patterns, heat transfer, and resistance impedance in curved artery have been investigated in the present work. The mathematical model of the proposed work is tackled by the homotopy analysis method using physically relevant boundary and interface conditions. The significant outcome of the present work is that the heat transfer rate increases with the increase in the curvature parameter, and it reduces on raising the couple stress parameter and Hartmann number. The novelty of this work lies in the consideration blood flow and heat transfer in inner endothelial layers of curved porous artery. The result presented in this work is vital to assess the condition of atherosclerosis, aneurysms, vasculties, blood clot, etc.; beyond this, the present model can be extended for medical diagnostics, treatment planning, medical device design, drug delivery optimization, and biomedical engineering research. This study can ultimately contribute for improved patient care and outcomes in cardiovascular medicine.
Unifying methods for optimal control in non-Markovian quantum systems via process tensors
Authors: Ortega-Taberner Carlos , O’Neill Eoin , Butler Eoin , Fux Gerald E. , Eastham P. R.
Published: September 2024

The large dimensionality of environments is the limiting factor in applying optimal control to open quantum systems beyond the Markovian approximation. Various methods exist to simulate non-Markovian systems, which effectively reduce the environment to a number of active degrees of freedom. Here, we show that several of these methods can be expressed in terms of a process tensor in the form of a matrix-product-operator, which serves as a unifying framework to show how they can be used in optimal control and to compare their performance. The matrix-product-operator form provides a general scheme for computing gradients using back propagation and allows the efficiency of the different methods to be compared via the bond dimensions of their respective process tensors.
Effect of two-phase viscosity difference and natural fractures on the wormhole morphology formed by two-phase acidizing with self-diverting acid in carbonate rocks
Authors: Chang Tai , Jiang Youshi , Zhao Hui , Chen Xiyu , Mo Weiren
Published: September 2024

Different types of acids are needed in the field to achieve various acidizing goals. Currently, there are no reliable acidizing models for multiphase flows and complex multiphysics coupling. This paper derives mathematical formulas for the oil–water acidizing process of a situ self-diverting acid combined with thermal–chemical–fracture interactions and discusses the influence of two-phase oil–water mixture and fractures on the wormhole morphology produced by self-diverting acid. The results show that the spent acid following the acid–rock reaction forms a high-viscosity sealing zone, causing the injected acid to be redirected. The self-diverting acid forms more numerous and longer branches than a conventional acid during single-phase acidizing. In the case of two-phase acidizing, the high viscosity difference produces distinct effects when using self-diverting acid compared with conventional acid. Specifically, the self-diverting acid extends the breakthrough time and forms a wormhole morphology with longer and more complex branches, whereas the conventional acid accelerates the breakthrough of the rock. As the viscosity difference decreases, the wormhole morphology of the self-diverting acid gradually approaches that of a single-phase acid. Large-aperture fractures completely determine the wormhole morphology, while smaller apertures determine the branch morphology of the wormhole. Fractures have a negative acidizing effect in the case of the self-diverting acid, unlike conventional acid. The proposed model accurately simulates the complex acidizing process of a self-diverting acid.
Enhanced propagation of free films with fast spread-out phenomena under the influence of megahertz surface acoustic waves
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Feng Rui , Ding Chenxi , Yan Shaoyu , Yang Langlang , Chang Guoxin , Qiao Xiaojun , Geng Wenping , Chou Xiujian
Published: September 2024

In this study, a novel approach for enhancing the rapid spreading of free liquid film on lithium niobate (LiNbO3) substrate under megahertz (MHz) surface acoustic wave (SAW) excitation is presented by treating it with surfactants. Through the design of a specific interdigital transducer structure, it was discovered that exciting the SAW at a frequency of 32.3 MHz can achieve optimal spreading performance for water droplets on the surface of surfactant-treated LiNbO3 substrate. The maximum average velocity reaches 1.76 mm/s at position P2 = 1250 μm in the water film front, and the stable film spreading speed shows a 204.9% increase compared to the existing research. Simultaneously, through the investigation of the spreading experiment phenomenon of silicone oil and de-ionized water droplets at varying frequencies, we have discovered the dynamic mechanism of “reverse phase” propagation in liquid film for the first time. This entails that the advancing edge of the wetting film demonstrates a spreading motion law that is opposite to the traditional spreading phenomena, with the spreading velocity in the central exceeding that on both sides. Our research demonstrates that this microfluidic device developed by SAWs enhances the spreading efficiency of the free films, enabling rapid expansion of the target liquid to form a high-surface area film layer. This advancement holds promise for overcoming the limitations of low sensitivity and short response time in the field of rapid pathological diagnosis in contemporary medicine.
Phase diagram for nanodroplet impact on solid spheres: From hydrophilic to superhydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Liao Mingjun , Liu Qianyi , Yang Zhiyin , Shateri Amirali , Hong Wenpeng , Xie Fangfang
Published: September 2024

The impact of droplets on solid surfaces is a crucial fluid phenomenon in the additive industry, biotechnology, and chemistry, where controlling impact dynamics and duration is essential. While extensive research has focused on flat substrates, our understanding of impact dynamics on curved surfaces remains limited. This study seeks to establish phase diagrams for the process of droplet impact on solid spheres and further quantitatively describe the effect of curvature through theoretical analysis. It aims to determine the critical conditions between different impact outcomes and also establish a scaling relationship for the contact time. Here, the post-impact outcome regimes occurring for a wide range of Weber numbers (We) from 1.2 to 173.8, diameter ratio (λ) of solid spheres to nanodroplets from 0.25 to 2, and surface wettability (θ) from 21° to 160°, through the molecular dynamics simulation method (MD) and theoretical analysis. The MD simulations reveal that the phase diagrams of droplet impacts on hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and superhydrophobic spheres differ, with specific distinctions focusing on rebound and three different forms of dripping. Furthermore, a theoretical model based on the principle of energy conservation during impact on superhydrophobic surfaces has been developed to predict the critical conditions between rebound and dripping states, showing good agreement with simulation results. Additionally, a new scaling relationship of contact time for droplet impact on superhydrophobic spherical surfaces has also been established by extending and modifying the existing models, which also agrees well with the simulated results. These insights provide a foundational understanding for designing surface structures.
An improved high-order low dissipation weighted compact nonlinear scheme for compressible flow simulations
Authors: Sheng Zishuai , Zhang Huaibao , Wang Yuanjing , Xu Chunguang
Published: September 2024

Recently, Zhang developed a low-dissipation high-order scheme that employs Fu's targeted essentially non-oscillatory approach. this method incorporates an essentially non-oscillatory-like stencil selection strategy within the framework of the weighted compact nonlinear scheme proposed by Deng. Although this new scheme, termed targeted compact nonlinear scheme (TCNS), can recover ideal weights in smooth regions, it reduces accuracy at the discontinuities by discarding less smooth sub-stencils. Acker et al. showed in a recent study that increasing the weight of less smooth sub-stencils on a relatively coarse grid can further improve the wave resolution. Luo further improved Acker's scheme to fully exploit its potential in spectral characteristics. By following this idea, the less smooth stencil weights were incorporated to overcome problems of classical TCNS and to further improve the scheme's ability to resolve high-frequency waves. Moreover, by introducing an adaptive factor, we further optimized the spectral properties to improve the TCNS. A series of standard cases were used to measure the resolution of the new method for multiscale structures and the ability to suppress nonphysical oscillations at shock waves. The new scheme was applied to three cases involving complex configurations and multiscale flows, demonstrating that its low dissipation characteristics offer advantages in solving real-life problems.
Heterogeneous microstructure of γ-irradiated pre-oxidized PAN fiber revealed by microfocus SR-SAXS reconstruction and molecular simulation
Authors: Li Tianyu , Shao Ruiqi , Shi Haiting , Liu Shengkai , Tian Feng , Zeng Jianrong , Xu Zhiwei , Bian Fenggang
Published: September 2024

The microstructure plays a crucial role in the manufacturing and application of polyacrylonitrile fibers, which serve as precursors for carbon fibers. Synchrotron radiation small angle x-ray scattering (SR-SAXS) is a non-destructive and precise technique for analyzing fiber structures. This study employed one-dimensional SR-SAXS mapping to extract key structural parameters such as periodicity, lamellae thickness, and the extent of amorphous regions, as well as the directional orientation in γ-irradiated, pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers. The analysis revealed a three-layered structure comprising a surface skin, a transitional layer, and a central core. Notably, the lamellar thickness exhibits a “U”-shaped distribution, while the long-period structures, amorphous regions, and orientational properties demonstrate a “wave-like” pattern. Within this structure, the skin exhibits a higher level of orientation, with the orientation decreasing progressively from the skin toward the core layer. The structure of the layered crystal was further corroborated by the morphological analysis. In addition, molecular simulations were performed to propose the mechanisms underlying the formation of this layered structure. This comprehensive investigation using SR-SAXS and one-dimensional mapping provides detailed insights into the microstructural and morphological characteristics of polyacrylonitrile fibers, which can inform future advancements in material processing and refinement techniques for the production of advanced fibers.
Defining geometric gauge theory to accommodate particles, continua, and fields
Authors: Marsh Adam
Published: September 2024

Gauge theory underpins the quantum field theories of the standard model, and in a previous paper was shown via a geometric approach to describe classical electromagnetism in a form which approximates quantum electrodynamics. Here we formalize and generalize the notion of a geometric gauge theory, then apply this framework to classical physical models, including an improved Lagrangian for matter field electromagnetism. We find a remarkably consistent series of actions, with straightforward limits under which each previous one may be obtained. Ancillary benefits include a gauge-independent Galilean Lagrangian, a geometric interpretation for the unusual metric dependence of four-momentum, a modern treatment of the effects of worldline variation on the four-current, a gauge theory of gravity which includes a matter field, and consistent units for matter field electromagnetism.
Predicting sessile droplet evaporation kinetics via cascaded deep networks and tree-based machine learning approach
Authors: Paul Arnov , Dhar Purbarun
Published: September 2024

The intricate nature of sessile droplet evaporation phenomenon makes detailed experimental studies time consuming and requires sophisticated apparatus; while complete numerical simulations are computationally expensive and also time-intensive. In this article, for the first time, we explore the applicability of machine learning (ML) approaches to predict the evaporation kinetics of generalized sessile droplets under various conditions. An in-house dataset, obtained using an experimentally well validated numerical model, is used to develop the ML models: deep artificial neural network (ANN) and decision tree algorithms such as Random Forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB). The structures of these models are modified by cascading the output features according to the physics involved. This distinctive approach results in better prediction of the evaporation kinetics than basic ML models. The models are trained by a large set of input parameters for the target variables: viz. droplet evaporation rate, velocity scale, and temperature drop in the solid and liquid domain. Finally, the performance of these ML models is assessed by comparing their predictions with that of physics-based, experimentally validated, numerical models. Results show that the inclusion of additional features obtained using feature engineering significantly improve the prediction performance of ML algorithms, and consistently accurate predictions of droplet evaporation kinetics are obtained. Among various algorithms considered here, the ANN outperforms in term of various error matrices for most of the cases, followed by XGB, and RF models. Also, the highest mean average error (MAE) yield by the ML models for evaporation rate, velocity scale and temperature drop in liquid remains within ∼12.5%. In the case of temperature drop for the solid, the MAE is considerably higher due to large variability of the same target variable. Overall, the work clearly shows that ML algorithms can be used to obtain physically consistent predictions for sessile droplet evaporation parameters.
Splashing impact of a falling liquid drop
Authors: Paul Akash , Pal Ashwani Kumar , Wang An-Bang , Biswas Gautam
Published: September 2024

The splashing phenomenon associated with the impact of a liquid drop on a liquid pool is investigated in this study using the volume of fluid method. The different outcomes of this phenomena largely depend on the height (/depth) of a liquid pool and the impinging drop velocity. The impingement angle, drop shape, fluid properties, and other non-isothermal effects also play a role, but we have eliminated those dependencies by considering no variation in these parameters. The different phenomena that are observed when a drop impacts a liquid pool are controlled by (i) crater depth and wave-swell (rim of the crater) expansion, (ii) wave-swell retraction followed by crater side retraction, and (iii) crater base retraction. During splashing, a deep crater is produced in the receiving liquid after the drop impact. At its rim, a crown-like cylindrical liquid film is ejected out of the crater. Small droplets are normally shed from this rim. It is seen that the depth of the pool has dramatic effects on the dynamics of the crown formed during splashing. When observed even more comprehensively, the physical attributes of the crown, such as crown height and crown radius, are found to strongly relate to the velocity of the falling drop. Finally, we try to demarcate the regions of splashing with and without the formation of secondary droplets on the regime map of Weber number–dimensionless pool depth.
First-principles computational methods for quantum defects in two-dimensional materials: A perspective
Authors: Seo Hosung , Ivády Viktor , Ping Yuan
Published: September 2024

Quantum defects are atomic defects in materials that provide resources to construct quantum information devices such as single-photon emitters and spin qubits. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials gained prominence as a host of quantum defects with many attractive features derived from their atomically thin and layered material formfactor. In this Perspective, we discuss first-principles computational methods and challenges to predict the spin and electronic properties of quantum defects in 2D materials. We focus on the open quantum system nature of the defects and their interaction with external parameters such as electric field, magnetic field, and lattice strain. We also discuss how such prediction and understanding can be used to guide experimental studies, ranging from defect identification to tuning of their spin and optical properties. This Perspective provides significant insights into the interplay between the defect, the host material, and the environment, which will be essential in the pursuit of ideal two-dimensional quantum defect platforms.
Electronic vs phononic thermal transport in Cr-doped V2O3 thin films across the Mott transition
Authors: Mohr Johannes , Aryana Kiumars , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Wouters Dirk J. , Waser Rainer , Hopkins Patrick E. , Nag Joyeeta , Bedau Daniel
Published: September 2024

Understanding the thermal conductivity of chromium-doped V2O3 is crucial for optimizing the design of selectors for memory and neuromorphic devices. We utilized the time-domain thermoreflectance technique to measure the thermal conductivity of chromium-doped V2O3 across varying concentrations, spanning the doping-induced metal–insulator transition. In addition, different oxygen stoichiometries and film thicknesses were investigated in their crystalline and amorphous phases. Chromium doping concentration (0%–30%) and the degree of crystallinity emerged as the predominant factors influencing the thermal properties, while the effect of oxygen flow (600–1400 ppm) during deposition proved to be negligible. Our observations indicate that even in the metallic phase of V2O3, the lattice contribution is the dominant factor in thermal transport with no observable impact from the electrons on heat transport. Finally, the thermal conductivity of both amorphous and crystalline V2O3 was measured at cryogenic temperatures (80–450 K). Our thermal conductivity measurements as a function of temperature reveal that both phases exhibit behavior similar to amorphous materials, indicating pronounced phonon scattering effects in the crystalline phase of V2O3.
Acoustic and optical phonon frequencies and acoustic phonon velocities in Si-doped AlN thin films
Authors: Wright Dylan , Mudiyanselage Dinusha Herath , Guzman Erick , Fu Xuke , Teeter Jordan , Da Bingcheng , Kargar Fariborz , Fu Houqiang , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: September 2024

We report the results of the study of the acoustic and optical phonons in Si-doped AlN thin films grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire substrates. The Brillouin–Mandelstam and Raman light scattering spectroscopies were used to measure the acoustic and optical phonon frequencies close to the Brillouin zone center. The optical phonon frequencies reveal non-monotonic changes, reflective of the variations in the thin film strain and dislocation densities with the addition of Si dopant atoms. The acoustic phonon velocity decreases monotonically with increasing Si dopant concentration, reducing by ∼300 m/s at the doping level of 3 × 1019 cm−3. The knowledge of the acoustic phonon velocities can be used for the optimization of the ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor heterostructures and for minimizing the thermal boundary resistance of high-power devices.
Characterization of a levitated sub-milligram ferromagnetic cube in a planar alternating-current magnetic Paul trap
Authors: Janse Martijn , van der Bent Eli , Laurman Mart , Smit Robert , Hensen Bas
Published: September 2024

Microscopic levitated objects are a promising platform for inertial sensing, testing gravity at small scales, optomechanics in the quantum regime, and large-mass superpositions. However, existing levitation techniques harnessing optical and electrical fields suffer from noise induced by elevated internal temperatures and charge noise, respectively. Meissner-based magnetic levitation circumvents both sources of decoherence but requires cryogenic environments. Here, we characterize a sub-milligram ferromagnetic cube levitated in an alternating-current planar magnetic Paul trap at room temperature. We show behavior in line with the Mathieu equations and quality factors of up to 2500 for the librational modes. Besides technological sensing applications, this technique sets out a path for megahertz librational modes in the micrometer-sized particle limit and can be extended by implementing superconducting traps in cryogenic environments, allowing for magnetic coupling to superconducting circuits and spin-based quantum systems.
Spatial clusters of potentially preventable hospitalisations and access to allied health services in South Western Sydney: a geospatial study
Authors: Gifford Janelle , Mazumdar Soumya , Jennings Matthew , Jalaludin Bin , Dennis Sarah
Published: September 2024

Objective To explore the association between geographic access to allied health services and potentially preventable hospitalisations. Methods This is a retrospective observational study. Adults aged 18 years or older with a potentially preventable hospitalisation for a chronic condition(s) to a public hospital in South Western Sydney Local Health District between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2019 were identified from the Secure Analytic for Population Health and Intelligence portal at NSW Health. Locations of allied health amenities or practices in the same geographic area were identified from the 2019 National Health Service Directory. Geospatial analysis was used to identify geographic hotspots and coldspots of potentially preventable hospitalisations. Association with access to allied health services was investigated using linear models. Results Hotspots of potentially preventable hospitalisations were significantly more disadvantaged than coldspots. Hotspots also had poorer access to allied health services than coldspots. Conclusion In South Western Sydney, populations with higher burden of chronic disease, as measured through preventable hospitalisations, have poorer access to allied health services than populations with lesser need.
Targeted recruitment of immune effector cells for rapid eradication of influenza virus infections
Authors: Shahriar Imrul , Kamra Mohini , Kanduluru Ananda Kumar , Campbell Charity Lynn , Nguyen Thanh Hiep , Srinivasarao Madduri , Low Philip S.
Published: September 2024

Despite much research, considerable data suggest that influenza virus remains a serious health problem because i) the effectiveness of current vaccines ranges only from 19% to 60%, ii) available therapies remain ineffective in advanced stages of disease, iii) death rates vary between 25,000 and 72,000/year in the United States, and iv) avian influenza strains are now being transmitted to dairy cattle that in turn are infecting humans. To address these concerns, we have developed zanDR, a bispecific small molecule that binds and inhibits viral neuraminidase expressed on both free virus and virus-infected cells and recruits naturally occurring anti-rhamnose and anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibodies with rhamnose and DNP haptens. Because the neuraminidase inhibition replicates the chemotherapeutic mechanism of zanamivir and oseltamivir, while rhamnose and DNP recruit endogenous antibodies much like an anti-influenza vaccine, zanDR reproduces most of the functions of current methods of protection against influenza virus infections. Importantly, studies on cells in culture demonstrate that both of the above protective mechanisms remain highly functional in the zanDR conjugate, while studies in lethally infected mice with advanced-stage disease establish that a single intranasal dose of zanDR not only yields 100% protection but also reduces lung viral loads faster and ~1,000× more thoroughly than current antiviral therapies. Since zanDR also lowers secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and protects against virus-induced damage to the lungs better than current therapies, we suggest that combining an immunotherapy with a chemotherapy in single pharmacological agent constitutes a promising approach for treating the more challenging forms of influenza.
Ride-hailing technology mitigates effects of driver racial discrimination, but effects of residential segregation persist
Authors: Cobb Anna , Mohan Aniruddh , Harper Corey D. , Nock Destenie , Michalek Jeremy
Published: September 2024

We assess racial disparities in the service quality of app-based ride-hailing services, like Uber and Lyft, by simulating their operations in the city of Chicago using empirical data. To generate driver cancellation rate disparities consistent with controlled experiments (up to twice as large for Black riders as for White riders), we estimate that more than 3% of drivers discriminate by race. We find that the capabilities of ride-hailing technology to rapidly rematch after a cancellation and prioritize long-waiting customers heavily mitigates the effects of driver discrimination on rider wait times, reducing average discrimination-induced disparities to less than 1 min—an order of magnitude less than traditional taxis. However, our results suggest that even in the absence of direct driver discrimination, Black riders in Chicago wait about 50% longer, on average, than White riders because of historically informed geographic residential patterns. We estimate that if Black riders in the city had the same wait times as White riders, the collective travel time saved would be worth $4.2 million to $7.0 million per year.
基于体演文化开发中高级汉语视听说课程
Authors: Chai Donglin
Published: September 2024

提要

本文探讨如何使用“体演文化教学法”（Performed Culture
Approach）来开发中高级汉语视听说课程。文章基于体演文化的背景，讨论其指导中高级视听说课程开发的六个方面的理论，并在此框架下，以一名非华裔高水平汉语使用者的在华职业体验系列视频为例，具体说明将其设计为中高级汉语视听说课程的选材依据、课程结构、课程评分，以及中、美两国高校师生的试用反馈。最后，文章综合课程设计与试用反馈，总结了基于体演文化开发视听说课程的适用原则。
More spoken or more translated?
Authors: Xu Cui , Li Dechao
Published: September 2024

This article explores the features of simultaneous interpreting (SI) from a multidimensional (MD) analysis
perspective (Biber 1988), drawing on a newly built comparable intermodal corpus, the
LegCo+ corpus. The corpus incorporates Cantonese speeches that are both interpreted and translated into English, as SI and written
translation (WT), respectively. Additionally, a third English corpus consisting of English native speeches (NS), without
mediation, serves as a benchmark comparison. We aim to examine the extent of similarities and differences between SI, NS and WT in
terms of the linguistic patterns they display. Our findings show that: (1) SI is a hybrid language mode, exhibiting features that
lie between those of non-mediated spoken language and mediated written language; (2) in terms of its spoken nature, SI resembles
NS in certain dimensions where typical features are associated with orality, suggesting a strong modality effect; and (3) in terms
of its mediated status, SI demonstrates similarities with WT, despite their perceptibly distinct modalities, pointing to a
potential mediation-specific effect. These empirical findings emphasize the necessity of understanding the multidimensionality
inherent in interpreted language.
Migratory autolysosome disposal mitigates lysosome damage
Authors: Sho Takami , Li Ying , Jiao Haifeng , Yu Li
Published: September 2024

Lysosomes, essential for intracellular degradation and recycling, employ damage-control strategies such as lysophagy and membrane repair mechanisms to maintain functionality and cellular homeostasis. Our study unveils migratory autolysosome disposal (MAD), a response to lysosomal damage where cells expel LAMP1-LC3 positive structures via autolysosome exocytosis, requiring autophagy machinery, SNARE proteins, and cell migration. This mechanism, crucial for mitigating lysosomal damage, underscores the role of cell migration in lysosome damage control and facilitates the release of small extracellular vesicles, highlighting the intricate relationship between cell migration, organelle quality control, and extracellular vesicle release.
Iron TAMs: The fallen protectors
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Egeblad Mikala
Published: September 2024

A new study by Folkert et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20230420) defines an “iron-rich” subset of tumor-associated macrophages (iTAMs). The metabolism of heme leads to the degradation of the transcriptional repressor Bach1 and shapes the transcriptional profile of iTAMs. The endothelin receptor B in iTAMs signals tumor-supportive functions.
Tunneling Barrier Thickness Dependence of Spin Polarization of Ferromagnet in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Zhao 赵 Yu-Qing 宇清 , Zuo 左 Hai-Yan 海艳 , Li 李 Shao-Wei 少薇 , Xia 夏 Ke 珂 , Wen 闻 Ming 明 , Guo 郭 Jun-Mei 俊梅 , Xiong Peng , Ren 任 Cong 聪
Published: September 2024

For designing low-impedance magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), it has been found that tunneling magnetoresistance strongly correlates with the insulating barrier thickness, imposing a fundamental problem about the relationship between spin polarization of ferromagnet and the insulating barrier thickness in MTJs. Here, we investigate the influence of alumina barrier thickness on tunneling spin polarization (TSP) through a combination of theoretical calculations and experimental verification. Our simulating results reveal a significant impact of barrier thickness on TSP, exhibiting an oscillating decay of TSP with the barrier layer thinning. Experimental verification is realized on FeNi/AlO
x
/Al superconducting tunnel junctions to directly probe the spin polarization of FeNi ferromagnet using Zeeman-split tunneling spectroscopy technique. These findings provide valuable insights for designs of high-performance spintronic devices, particularly in applications such as magnetic random access memories, where precise control over the insulating barrier layer is crucial.
Tuning plasma chemistry by various excitation mechanisms for the

H
2

O
2

production of atmospheric pressure plasma jets
Authors: Schüttler Steffen , Eichstaedt Niklas , Golda Judith
Published: September 2024

Atmospheric pressure plasmas (APPJs) are widely used for research purposes or industrial applications. There are plenty of different APPJs designed with various geometries and excitation frequencies ranging from kHz over RF (MHz) to fast ns pulses. A direct comparison of these APPJs is often challenging as the different geometries or the different excitation frequencies are not the same and can strongly influence plasma behaviour. In this work, this challenge is met and overcome by the use of an APPJ which can be operated at various excitation frequencies. kHz pulsing with a high voltage peak with µs rise time, sinusoidal voltage pulse at 13.56 MHz and fast high voltage ns pulse were applied to the plasma jet used. The production of

H
2

O
2

was investigated by treating liquids and measuring the

H
2

O
2

concentration in the treated liquid. Fast ns pulses and RF excitation show similar results, while the kHz excitation is less effective in the

H
2

O
2

production.
Synergistic effect of ceramic filler in polymer salt complex for improved ion dissociation and migration mechanism
Authors: Alam Tausif , Das Avirup
Published: September 2024

Use of Ceramic filler is one of the most common approaches to improve the conductivity and stability properties of a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) cum separator. Among them, active fillers like garnet have been extensively used to enhance the stability and conductivity of SPE. However, SPE suffers from limited ion migration at room temperature acting as a bottleneck for their application in all solid-state batteries. An extensive study on these fillers’ role in ion dissociation and migration can be a stepping stone for advanced SPE. In the present work, an Fourier transform infrared analysis has primarily been used to identify and evaluate cation coordinate site-cation, and ion pair interactions in a Li6.5La3Zr1.75Te0.25O12 loaded polyethylene oxide–LiCF3SO3 matrix with varying ceramic concentrations. Further, the Trukhan model has been used to calculate diffusion coefficient, mobility, and charge carrier density to interpret relaxation parameters, conductivity, and FTIR results in the SPE samples. Finally, an ion migration model has been proposed based on the results obtained in experimental studies.
Isolation and characterisation of monolayer phosphorene analogues
Authors: Gauriot Nicolas , Pandya Raj , Alexander-Webber Jack , Rao Akshay
Published: September 2024

Atomically thin group IV monochalcogenides or phosphorene analogues are a promising family of materials. Theoretical calculations predict that monolayers (MLs) should be semiconducting, ferroelectric and ferroelastic at room temperature, exhibit large charge mobilities and large non-linear optical response. Yet, experimental studies of these systems are scarce because of the difficulty to produce such MLs. Here we focus on two members of this family: GeSe and SnS. We demonstrate a simple mechanical exfoliation method to produce ML samples on gold substrates. We observe the evolution of the Raman scattering as a function of layers and the anisotropic optical response from reflectance contrast measurements. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of mechanical exfoliation down to the ML of these materials and the first realisation of ML GeSe.
Efficient detection method for tiny defects on printed circuit boards based on focus information transfer and structurally flexible head
Authors: Zhou Youhang , Zheng Xiaolin , Ma Zhuxi , Huang Keliang , Xie Hao
Published: September 2024

Aiming at the conflict between the defect feature recognition capability and the detection speed of current vision inspection techniques in the task of detecting tiny defects in printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this paper, we proposed an EPD-YOLO with a focus information transfer (FIT) structure and a structurally flexible head (SFHead). While improving the network’s ability to recognize tiny defects in similar PCBs through FIT, the feature information capturing capability of the dual SFHead structure is utilized to ensure detection accuracy and improve real-time detection speed. Experimental results show that the proposed EPD-YOLO has a mAP of 97.6

%

, while the number of network parameters is only 5.13M, and it takes only 7.4 ms to detect an image, which achieves a better balance between accuracy and speed.
An open-source toolbox for enhancing the assessment of muscle activation patterns during cyclical movements
Authors: Dotti Gregorio , Ghislieri Marco , Castagneri Cristina , Agostini Valentina , Knaflitz Marco , Balestra Gabriella , Rosati Samanta
Published: September 2024

Objective. The accurate temporal analysis of muscle activations is of great importance in several research areas spanning from the assessment of altered muscle activation patterns in orthopaedic and neurological patients to the monitoring of their motor rehabilitation. Several studies have highlighted the challenge of understanding and interpreting muscle activation patterns due to the high cycle-by-cycle variability of the sEMG data. This makes it difficult to interpret results and to use sEMG signals in clinical practice. To overcome this limitation, this study aims at presenting a toolbox to help scientists easily characterize and assess muscle activation patterns during cyclical movements. Approach.

CIMAP

(Clustering for the Identification of Muscle Activation Patterns) is an open-source Python toolbox based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering that aims at characterizing muscle activation patterns during cyclical movements by grouping movement cycles showing similar muscle activity. Main results. From muscle activation intervals to the graphical representation of the agglomerative hierarchical clustering dendrograms, the proposed toolbox offers a complete analysis framework for enabling the assessment of muscle activation patterns. The toolbox can be flexibly modified to comply with the necessities of the scientist.

CIMAP

is addressed to scientists of any programming skill level working in different research areas such as biomedical engineering, robotics, sports, clinics, biomechanics, and neuroscience. CIMAP is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/Biolab-PoliTO/CIMAP). Significance.

CIMAP

toolbox offers scientists a standardized method for analyzing muscle activation patterns during cyclical movements.
Optimization of highly sensitive three-layer photonic crystal fiber sensor based on plasmonic
Authors: Fallahi Vahid , Hosseini Mehdi , Kordrostami Zoheir
Published: September 2024

In this work, a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) refractive index (RI) sensor has been designed and optimized. The RIs range covered by the sensor is from 1.38 to 1.41. The proposed optical sensor has three layers of air holes with 24, 12 and 6 holes in each layer. The geometry parameters of the proposed sensor (the radius of the air holes and the thickness of the plasmonic layer) have been optimized using the Nelder-Mead algorithm and the FEM numerical with the objective of achieving the highest sensitivity. To achieve an optimized structure with minimal sensitivity to fabrication errors, the rotation angle of the hole layers has been analyzed. The results indicate that, due to the specific geometry of the proposed structure, variations in the rotation angle and displacement of the air holes have no significant impact on the outcomes. The results also indicate that the sensor’s maximum amplitude sensitivity (AS), maximum wavelength sensitivity (WS), and figure of merit (FOM) are 10000 (RIU−1), 23000 (nm/RIU) and 131 (RIU−1) respectively. The optimized design provides high sensitivity, a wide diagnostic range for the detection of the analytes’ RIs, and the advantages of a gold plasmonic layer, ensuring high stability in biological environments. This combination results in enhanced performance of the sensor for various applications particularly in biosensing and medical fields. The designed structural geometry also eliminates the effects of tolerances in manufacturing processes which makes the proposed PCF device a very efficient sensor.
Investigation on indium concentration in two-terminal tandem indium gallium nitride solar cells by SCAPS-1D
Authors: Omar Mohammed Kakasur , Rashid Marzaini , Pakhuruddin Mohd Zamir
Published: September 2024

Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) thin-film solar cell is a promising photovoltaic (PV) device. InGaN’s bandgap is tunable from 0.7 to 3.4 eV and it exhibits a high absorption coefficient exceeding 105 cm−1. Besides, InGaN solar cells can be used in tandem configuration, to effectively absorb the solar spectrum. Previous works found that increased indium (In) concentration leads to inverse relationship between open-circuit voltage (Voc) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell. This leads to deleterious device performance. This study aims to assess the performance of two-terminal InGaN tandem solar cells using SCAPS-1D simulation software. The findings revealed maximum short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 26.19 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 2.13 V, fill factor (FF) of 89.68%, and PCE of 30.17% from the tandem device. The results indicate that higher In concentration enhances light absorption and the overall PCE, with tandem cells outperforming single-junction cells. This study makes a valuable contribution to the advancement of high-efficiency solar technology based on InGaN.
Optical nonlinear properties of a new polyamide from crystal violet terephthalate
Authors: Almusawe A J , Rahma M A , Saadon H L , Abdullah Ali Q , Marhoon Ali F
Published: September 2024

In this study, the nonlinear optical properties of a new polymer poly crystal violet terephthalate (PCVT) as a solution and a thin film with different concentrations of 0.2, 0.6, and 1 mM and input power were investigated by using Z-scan technique at 532 nm CW laser beam wavelength. The negative nonlinear refractive index n
2 as well as reverse saturable and saturable absorption β of the solution and film PCVT samples were determined. Figures of merit were also determined. In comparison with the Z-scan results, a self-diffraction pattern setup was used to measure nonlinear refractive index. Results showed a significant laser power dependence of the number of far-field diffraction rings with power and concentration, consistent with the Z-scan data. The PCVT sample exhibited good optical limiting behavior. Hence, PCVT has important nonlinear properties, and its figures of merit can be optimized by adjusting the PCVT concentration and input power. PCVT is a promising candidate for the design of optical photonic switching and optical limiter devices.
Validation of Gaia DR3 Orbital and Acceleration Solutions with Hierarchical Triples
Authors: Nagarajan Pranav , El-Badry Kareem
Published: September 2024

Using data from Gaia DR3, we construct a sample of 14,791 gravitationally bound wide pairs in which one of the components is an unresolved binary with an astrometric orbital or acceleration solution. These systems are hierarchical triples, with inner binary separations of order 1 au, and outer separations of 100–100,000 au. Leveraging the fact that the inner binary and outer tertiary should have nearly identical parallaxes, we use the sample to calibrate the parallax uncertainties for orbital and acceleration binary solutions. We find that the parallax uncertainties of orbital solutions are typically underestimated by a factor of 1.3 at G > 14, and by a factor of 1.7 at G = 8–14. The true parallax uncertainties are nevertheless a factor of ∼10 smaller than those of the single-star astrometric solutions for the same sources. The parallax uncertainties of acceleration solutions are underestimated by larger factors of 2–3 but still represent a significant improvement compared to the sources’ single-star solutions. We provide tabulated uncertainty inflation factors for astrometric binary solutions and make the catalog of hierarchical triples publicly available.
Analysis of EFT Transmission Characteristics in Armoured Shielded Cables
Authors: Liu Yaodong , Jin Chenglong , Su Zhaoxue , Yan Wei , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: September 2024

Electrical fast transient pulses (EFT) generated when a gas-isolated substation (GIS) is switched on and off. The EFT is transmitted to the control chamber through the secondary control cable, which will cause the failure of the control equipment. In this paper, the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software CST (Computer Simulation Technology) is used to study the transmission characteristics of EFT in armored shielded control cables. First, an EFT analog signal is generated using an interference generator. Analyze the difference between the EFT analog signal and the EFT model in the IEC standard. The conversion method of FFT is used to analyze the spectral characteristics of EFT analog signals. According to the structural parameters, a 20-meter-long model of an armored shielded control cable was built in the CST cable studio The effect of the grounding of the shield and armor layers on the attenuation and crosstalk of EFT signals in the cable is studied. Finally, the EFT experiment of 1m long armored shielded cable is carried out, and the reliability of the research method is verified by comparing with the simulation results.
A 10-bit 70-MS/s SAR ADC with Reference Buffer in 40nm CMOS
Authors: He Xinyuan , Chen Jingfu , Wang Cheng , Xing Xinpeng
Published: September 2024

A 10-bit 70-MS/s successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with reference buffer is presented in this paper. Segmented capacitive DAC with redundant 2bits is designed to relax the design of reference buffer. A hybrid switching sequence is applied to the ADC to optimize power consumption. The Measurement results Show that the core SAR ADC achieves 48.52 dB SNDR and 56.67 dB SFDR at 70 MS/s sampling rate and Nyquist input frequency, consuming 2.50mW power consumption, achieving a FoM of 163.6 fJ/step. The ADC occupies an active area of 0.017 mm2 in 40nm CMOS technology.