bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Difference in prevalence of exertional oscillatory ventilation between healthy subjects and patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Corrà Ugo , Piepoli Massimo , Giordano Andrea
Published: March 2020

Exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) is an ominous sign in heart failure due to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) whatever it is represented. But EOV is detected also in normal healthy individuals and in other cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, however, its prevalence in these is not completed clear. The aim was to describe the occurrence of EOV in healthy subjects and the overall population all CVD patients who performing symptom limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Healthy subjects were divided in athletes and normal subjects, while, CVD patients were subdivided into: i) t hose with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); ii) those with mild to moderate impairment of LVEF (41-49%); iii) those with severe impairment of LVEF (≤40%); iv) HFrEF or with preserved LVEF (HFpEF); and iv) patients after heart transplantation (HXT). EOV was observed only in CVD patients and in those with depressed LVEF; the prevalence of EOV was observed 1.9% (3/55) those with mild to moderate impairment of LVEF (41-49%), 3.4% (56/1613) those with severe impairment of LVEF (≤40%), and 7.3% (214/2903) in HFrEF); no EOV was observed in CVD with preserved LVEF. Kremser’s EOV was observed in patients, and, particularly, in those with systolic function impairment. Moreover, as EOV impacts prognosis in HFrEF, its occurrence can modify prognostic-decision models. Even though, EOV prevalence was derived from largest single center population, more studies are needed to tackle the EOV prevalence in different CVD conditions and in normal subjects.
Efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetlands considering different support materials and the cultivation positions of plant species
Authors: Miranda Suymara Toledo , Matos Antonio Teixeira de , Matos Mateus Pimentel , Saraiva Claudéty
Published: March 2020

The present work evaluated the influence of filling substrate material (crushed PET bottles or fine gravel) on the efficiency of pollutant removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs). They were cultivated with a consortium of elephant grass cv. Napier (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) and Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) to treat wastewater from a common milk cooling tank (WWMT). For this, six HSSF-CWs were used which had dimensions of 0.6 m tall x 1.0 m wide x 2.5 m long. In order to investigate possible efficiency loss in the removal of pollutants from the system, operation was divided into two periods: Period I (from April to December 2015) and Period II (April to December 2016). Thus, the removal efficiencies of BOD5, solids and total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) from WWMT were statistically compared. Results indicated that the efficiency of the HSSF-CWs for removing pollutants increased or remained similar after one year and nine months of their operation; and PET bottles were a viable alternative substrate in HSSF-CWs based on the efficient removal of pollutants from WWMT during the one year and nine months of monitoring. Crushed PET bottles constitute a viable substrate for filling HSSF-CWs. Altering the cultivation positions of the plant species did not change pollutant removal efficiencies, but indicates the importance of species arrangement to maximize system performance.
Sorption of Remazol Black B dye in alluvial soils of the Capibaribe River Basin, Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Alves Adriana Thays Araújo , Silva Luisa Thaynara Muricy de Souza , Alcântara Lucas Ravellys Pyrrho de , Barros Vitor Hugo de Oliveira , Santos Neto Severino Martins dos , Lima Valmir Félix de , Lima José Romualdo de Sousa , Coutinho Artur Paiva , Antonino Antonio Celso Dantas
Published: March 2020

Wastewater from textile industries is loaded with synthetic dyes. These effluents are often not adequately treated, affecting the soil and groundwater quality and leading to environmental contamination. The Agreste mesoregion of the state of Pernambuco is home to one of the largest textile centers in Brazil. This work therefore aims to study the behavior of Remazol Black B (RB5) dye in subsurface mediums in this region. The kinetics and isotherm sorption experiments allowed an evaluation of RB5 retention capacity in two layers of alluvial soil of the dry riverbed of the Capibaribe Basin. The maximum sorption rate was 81.81 mg kg-1 and 21.7 mg kg-1 for the loamy sand and sand layers, respectively. The Pseudo-second order kinetic model described more appropriately the sorption kinetics for both soils. The isotherms behavior was nonlinear, and Freundlich model was the most suitable to describe this process for both soils, presenting KF values of 8.6407 L kg-1 for loamy sand and 0.1868 L kg-1 for sand. The isotherm parameters confirm a more significant interaction of RB5 with the loamy sand layer than with the sand layer, indicating lower leaching in the first layer, which is less mobile for RB5 contamination. Furthermore, the different sorption rates for both soils indicate the importance of studying the soil as a heterogeneous profile.
Обоснование метода коллокации для одного класса
поверхностных интегральных уравнений
Authors: Khalilov Elnur Hasan ogly
Published: March 2020

Дано обоснование метода коллокации к граничному интегральному
уравнению внешней краевой задачи Дирихле для уравнения Гельмгольца.
Кроме того, предложен новый метод построения кубатурных формул для
поверхностных сингулярных интегралов.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Короткие тесты замыкания для контактных схем
Authors: Popkov Kirill Andreevich
Published: March 2020

Рассматривается задача реализации булевых функций
двухполюсными контактными схемами, неизбыточными и
допускающими короткие проверяющие или диагностические тесты
относительно замыканий не более $k$ контактов
при заданном натуральном $k$. Доказаны следующие утверждения:
для почти любой булевой функции от $n$ переменных минимальная длина
проверяющего (диагностического) теста
равна $2$ (соответственно не превосходит $2k+2$).
Библиография: 15 названий.
Характеризация JBW-алгебр с сильно гранево симметричным
предсопряженным пространством
Authors: Kudaybergenov Karimbergen Kadirbergenovich , Seypullaev Jumabek Khamidullaevich
Published: March 2020

Настоящая работа посвящена исследованию предсопряженных
пространств JBW-алгебр. Доказано, что предсопряженное
пространство JBW-алгебры является сильно гранево симметричным
пространством в том и только том случае, когда эта алгебра есть
прямая сумма абелевой алгебры и алгебры типа $I_2$.
Библиография: 17 названий.
“Sentimos que nossa força está no chão de fábrica”: dualismo, poder do chão de fábrica e reforma das leis do trabalho no fim do apartheid na África do Sul
Authors: Lichtenstein Alex
Published: March 2020

Este artigo explora a transformação das relações de trabalho sul-africanas durante os anos 80. Em 1979, motivada pela nova militância de chão de fábrica, a Comissão Wiehahn recomendou que os trabalhadores negros, anteriormente excluídos da maquinaria de trabalho do Estado, fossem autorizados a se unir a sindicatos reconhecidos. A maioria das discussões sobre essa mudança nas relações de trabalho do apartheid concentra-se no debate que se seguiu dentro dos sindicatos negros, divididos entre preservar sua independência ou assegurar a legitimação do Estado. Este artigo examina, em vez disso, o debate sobre os “níveis de negociação”: se os sindicatos negros emergentes exigissem negociar no nível da fábrica, onde eles teriam garantida a força do chão de fábrica por meio da organização e da prática democrática, ou buscariam os benefícios das estruturas corporativas de negociação, que há muito tempo privilegiava trabalhadores brancos? A eventual tendência para o corporativismo, eu argumento, imprimiu o caráter do movimento trabalhista sul-africano na era pós-apartheid. Um desejo compreensível de exercer influência na política econômica nacional corroeu a tradição de controle dos trabalhadores, a democracia do chão de fábrica e o sindicalismo de luta que os sindicatos negros haviam forjado durante as décadas de 1970 e 1980.
Agitadores e subversivos: repressão, perseguição e violações dos direitos indígenas pela ditadura militar
Authors: Brighenti Clovis Antonio
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo analisa as ações de espionagem e repressão dos governos militares brasileiros sobre as organizações dos povos indígenas e seus apoiadores na região Sul do Brasil. A política indigenista no período de 1964 a 1985, passou por diferentes processos de investigação, como as Comissões Parlamentares de Inquérito no Congresso Nacional (1964, 1968, 1977); o inquérito instaurado por Jader de Figueiredo Correia para investigar as ações do Serviço de Proteção aos Índios; a extinção desse órgão e a criação da Fundação Nacional do Índio; as mudanças nos direitos indígenas na Reforma Constitucional de 1968; e, a criação do Estatuto do Índio (Lei 6001/1973). Essas ações, no âmbito administrativo e legal, geraram profundas mudanças nos cotidianos das comunidades indígenas. Apesar do amparo legal aos indígenas, as relações promíscuas dos servidores públicos com setores econômicos e a estrutura de exploração dos recursos naturais das terras Indígenas provocaram violências sem precedentes. O movimento indígena passou a ser considerado “subversivo” e altamente perigoso para o regime. Na última década do governo ditatorial, os indígenas se tornaram os inimigos internos a serem combatidos, e a criação e aparelhamento da polícia indígena fazia parte da rotina de controle exercida nos Postos Indígenas e nos Presídios Indígenas. Porém, a partir de 1974 eles não estão mais sozinhos, além de estarem articulados nas assembleias indígenas contam com apoio de um importante setor da Igreja Católica que também passa a ser atacada e espionada pelo Regime.
A influência do higienismo na educação goiana: um estudo do regulamento e do programa de ensino de 1930
Authors: Ribeiro Cristiane Maria , Ribeiro Cristineide Aparecida , Da Silva Wender Caixeta
Published: March 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as influências higienistas no Regulamento e no Programa de Ensino de Goiás de 1930, considerando que nesses documentos poderiam ser encontradas prescrições consonantes aos pressupostos médicos higienistas que efervesceram no Brasil no final do século XIX e início do século XX. O método utilizado, para isso, foi a análise de conteúdo feita a partir de seleção, categorização, decodificação e interpretação de excertos dos documentos. Os dados explicitaram que há um alinhamento entre as orientações contidas nesses documentos e o ideário higienista, constatado pela inclusão da disciplina de educação física, pela inculcação dos hábitos de higiene que, além de estudados, deveriam ser praticados, pelas prescrições quanto ao planejamento das construções dos prédios escolares, sendo necessário que elas fossem isoladas, centralizadas, iluminadas, ventiladas de forma a garantir silêncio e limpeza a fim de disciplinar mentes e corpos. Orientação sobre o mobiliário escolar também era especificado no sentido de evitar deformações e favorecer o desenvolvimento saudável do corpo. Havia ainda a presença do médico e do dentista escolar entre os profissionais da educação, responsáveis por examinar, promover a profilaxia, corrigir, tratar e, quando necessário, afastar alunos que apresentassem moléstias contagiosas ou repulsivas, cegos, surdos, mudos. A partir do estudo realizado, conclui-se que o higienismo teve forte influência no processo pedagógico dos anos de 1930 na educação goiana, além de ser notória que essa educação se desenvolveu sob a égide da exclusão dos indivíduos considerados incapazes de frequentar o ambiente escolar.
Parcerias público-privada (PPP): trajetória histórica no Brasil e sua inserção na política educacional brasileira
Authors: Campos Danielly Cristinne Barbosa de , Damasceno Alberto
Published: March 2020

Neste artigo, objetivou-se analisar a trajetória histórica da parceria público-privada (PPP) no Brasil, o processo que regulamentou e firmou o estabelecimento dessas PPPs no cenário político brasileiro e como estas se fazem presente no contexto da Educação Básica do país. A análise parte de um estudo histórico das PPPs e perpassa pela discussão da reconfiguração do papel do Estado a partir da década de 1990. Os resultados revelaram que as parcerias no Brasil ocorrem desde a gestão de D. Pedro II, com a premissa de melhorar os serviços públicos e de que essas parcerias foram se ampliando com o passar dos anos sempre com o mesmo discurso de que a execução de ações públicas por meio das instituições privadas pode ser a solução para resolver velhos problemas de responsabilidade pública, como a educação. Além disso, por meio das PPPs, as atividades que estão sendo executadas na Educação Básica estão sendo cada vez mais planejadas, executadas e avaliadas por empresas privadas, as quais trazem em sua proposta o atributo de serem mais eficazes, eficientes e capazes de melhorar as condições e os índices educacionais brasileiros, porém, alterando o sentido da formação para a cidadania plena quando propõem o trabalho do coletivo escolar apenas para a busca de indicadores elevados.
Crenças e práticas de professores sobre a educação inclusiva
Authors: Rozek Marlene , Martins Gabriela Dal Forno , Silva Karla Fernanda Wunder da , Simon Marinice Souza
Published: March 2020

O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as crenças e práticas de professores sobre a Educação Inclusiva, buscando refletir como elas permeiam a efetivação de um processo inclusivo responsável e de qualidade. Foram entrevistadas 10 professoras que atuavam nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, cujas respostas foram analisadas através da Análise Textual Discursiva. Dessa análise, derivaram 613 unidades de sentido, as quais após minucioso processo de estabelecimento de relações entre si, foram organizadas em quatro categorias finais: Avanços e barreiras no processo de inclusão; O professor e a inclusão; Papel da família na inclusão; e Preceitos da inclusão. A análise e interpretação dos dados indicou que o passo principal para uma inclusão efetiva é motivar os principais atores a acolherem as diferenças e trabalharem com e a partir delas, aspecto que envolve, mas vai além da atuação específica junto aos alunos público-alvo da Educação Especial. Esse caminho pressupõe um trabalho coletivo, aprimoramento constante, sensibilidade, empatia e disponibilidade para todas as interlocuções necessárias.
Práticas de leitura e desempenho na escrita de alunos do ensino médio
Authors: Pessoa Patricia dos Santos , Andrade Márcia Siqueira de
Published: March 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar a relação entre desempenho na disciplina de língua portuguesa, variáveis sociodemográficas e práticas de leitura de aluno de ambos os sexos, regularmente matriculados no Ensino Médio no período noturno de escola da rede pública do Estado de São Paulo. Foi aplicado questionário semiestruturado organizado em dois campos: caracterização sociodemográfica e práticas de leitura. Também foram realizadas duas sessões de grupo focal e coletadas as notas atribuídas a cada participante na disciplina de língua portuguesa nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados pela estatística descritiva (média e desvio - padrão). A análise dos dados textuais foi feita pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Os resultados indicaram baixo desempenho na disciplina de língua portuguesa (média de 5,83) e baixa frequência de leitura (69%). Foi observado também que o melhor desempenho foi de alunos do sexo feminino que estavam concluindo o Ensino Médio. Os depoentes declararam aumento na frequência diária de leitura e maior dificuldade na compreensão nesta mesma etapa do Ensino Médio. Em relação ao gênero literário, declararam preferir aventura e ficção. De acordo com os depoentes, os professores são os que mais incentivam a leitura, seguidos da família e apontam como motivo principal do desinteresse pela leitura escolar a pouca autonomia dos alunos na escolha dos textos e a metodologia empregada pelos professores nas aulas. Conclui-se pela necessidade de estudos em diferentes contextos como forma de aprofundar a compreensão da relação entre leitura e desempenho na língua portuguesa.
Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para a formação continuada dos professores da educação básica: análise comparada dos planos estaduais de educação do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina
Authors: Fávero Altair Alberto , Pagliarin Lidiane Limana Puiati , Trevisol Marcio Giusti
Published: March 2020

Este texto apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve o objetivo de analisar, de forma comparativa, como a formação continuada está prevista nos Planos Estaduais de Educação do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, para a década 2014-2024. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental que tem como fontes de informação os respectivos Planos Estaduais de Educação em vigência. A pesquisa está ancorada em Gatti (2008), Marcelo Garcia (1999, 2009), Nóvoa (1992, 2009) e Tardif (2002). O artigo está organizado em três partes: na primeira, problematizam-se as diversas concepções e formas de organização e desenvolvimento sob o rótulo de “formação continuada de professores”. A segunda parte traz uma análise da proposta de formação continuada de professores, presente no atual Plano Nacional de Educação. Na terceira parte realiza-se uma triangulação entre essa proposta e os Planos Estaduais de Educação do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina. Em síntese, pode-se concluir que os planos estaduais analisados estão alinhados ao plano nacional, atribuindo considerável espaço e visibilidade à formação continuada de professores da educação básica. Porém, ainda se faz necessário avançar na definição de uma concepção epistemológica formativa, bem como no planejamento e avaliação de ações articuladas nos âmbitos federal, estadual e municipal.
Reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais de adultos pouco escolarizados em Portugal: uma medida de política pública inovadora?
Authors: Cavaco Carmen
Published: March 2020

O texto analisa o processo de reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais, uma medida de política pública orientada para os adultos pouco escolarizados em Portugal. A análise resulta de uma investigação qualitativa baseada em entrevistas semiestruturadas com técnicos e formadores responsáveis pela implementação do processo em estudo e em entrevistas biográficas com adultos certificados através deste processo. Os dados empíricos recolhidos permitiram identificar alguns elementos de inovação no processo de reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais implementado em Portugal. No artigo, analisamos dois desses elementos de inovação, por um lado, o recurso à metodologia biográfica e à história de vida; por outro lado, o acompanhamento assegurado pelo técnico de orientação, reconhecimento e validação e pelos formadores. Na nossa perspectiva, os elementos de inovação identificados contribuem para que o processo de reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais orientado, do ponto de vista político, para o aumento da qualificação escolar dos adultos, apresente um potencial formativo nos adultos envolvidos.
A produção científica sobre educação de adultos em Portugal: o que nos dizem as teses de doutoramento?
Authors: Guimarães Paula , Quissini Ágata Regiane
Published: March 2020

A educação de adultos apresenta-se como um domínio científico simultaneamente complexo e heterogêneo. Não possuindo uma delimitação claramente definida, constitui um campo híbrido. Ao contemplar contributos teóricos de outras ciências sociais, assume-se também como uma subdisciplina. Apesar desta circunstância, enquanto domínio do conhecimento científico, tem vindo a conquistar o seu espaço. Este artigo procura responder à seguinte questão: como se caracteriza a produção acadêmica no domínio da educação de adultos nas últimas duas décadas em Portugal, no caso particular das teses de doutoramento? Este texto tem como finalidades a descrição e a análise de teses de doutoramento apresentadas publicamente em universidades portuguesas, entre 2000 e 2018, cujos dados empíricos remetam para este país. Procura-se por esta via compreender o desenvolvimento da produção científica a partir de trabalhos que, em regra, se apoiam em discussões teóricas e empíricas robustas e denotam uma natureza inovadora do ponto de vista da produção do conhecimento. A análise de conteúdo foi a técnica de tratamento de dados selecionada. A discussão dos dados aponta para um aumento de teses, mesmo que irregular, relacionado com o protagonismo da política pública de educação de adultos em desenvolvimento desde 2000. De entre as teses analisadas, aquelas que interpretam práticas de educação de adultos e que se centram sobre os atores deste campo estão em maior número. Finalmente, os dados apontam para a importância das teses que procuram compreender fenômenos relacionados com a aprendizagem (ao longo da vida) e as competências dos adultos.
Educação de jovens e adultos e educação popular: um estudo sobre produções em periódicos
Authors: Oliveira Ivanilde Apoluceno de , Neri Isabell Theresa Tavares , Leite Priscila Costa Soares , Corrêa Hanna Tamires Gomes
Published: March 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo situar os resultados do levantamento de artigos em periódicos avaliados pelo Sistema Qualis da Capes, com estudos sobre Educação de Jovens e Adultos e a Educação Popular. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de um estado de conhecimento, por envolver apenas uma fonte de levantamento, ou seja, artigos em periódicos. Os artigos foram selecionados por meio do descritor ‘Educação de Jovens e Adultos e Educação Popular’, sendo analisados tanto os resumos como os textos na sua integralidade, além das referências, e foram localizados e estudados 17, caracterizando a produção no período de 2003 a 2017. Os títulos dos artigos apontaram para estudos sobre a interface entre a Educação de Jovens e Adultos e a Educação Popular, bem como para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos e para a educação popular de forma isolada. O objeto de estudo dos artigos foi organizado em 3 eixos temáticos: Educação de Jovens e Adultos, Educação de Paulo Freire e Cultura Popular, os quais foram agrupados em subtemas: a) políticas públicas, Educação Popular, História, extensão universitária, Educação Ambiental e Geografia; b) teatro e cultura e Arte e literatura; c) manifestações religiosas populares, apontando para uma interação com várias áreas do ensino. Destaca-se que Paulo Freire é o autor mais citado, evidenciando a importância do seu pensamento educacional na Educação de Jovens e Adultos e na Educação Popular.
La formación docente inicial para la educación escolar de jóvenes y adultos en la Argentina y en Brasil
Authors: Fare Mónica de la , Levy Esther , Cappellacci Ines
Published: March 2020

La Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA) escolar históricamente ocupó un espacio marginal en los sistemas educativos nacionales de la mayoría de los países de América Latina. Los casos de la Argentina y de Brasil evidencian avances en el sentido de su reconocimiento normativo como modalidad educativa: orientada a públicos específicos a los que se les reconoce el derecho a la educación, que exige metodologías y estrategias educativas propias así como modos de organización específicos de la oferta educativa. Así lo demuestran la Ley nº 26.206, de Educación Nacional de 2016 y la Resolución nº 118/2009 aprobada por el Consejo Nacional de Educación del primer país mencionado y la Constitución de la República Federativa de Brasil de 1988, La Ley nº 9.394 de 1996, de Directrices y Bases de la Educación Nacional y el Parecer del Consejo Nacional de Educación Nº 11/2000, del segundo. Sin embargo, la formación inicial de docentes para actuar en la EJA continúa siendo un punto emblemático en ambos contextos. A partir de un estudio exploratorio basado en el enfoque socio-histórico de la investigación comparada en Educación, que combinó el uso del análisis documental y el estudio de datos cuantitativos de las estadísticas nacionales, se busca mostrar el déficit que ambos países aún evidencian en las políticas educativas nacionales destinadas a la formación inicial de profesores para la EJA.
The significant impact of aerosol vertical structure on lower atmosphere stability and its critical role in aerosol–planetary boundary layer (PBL) interactions
Authors: Su Tianning , Li Zhanqing , Li Chengcai , Li Jing , Han Wenchao , Shen Chuanyang , Tan Wangshu , Wei Jing , Guo Jianping
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The aerosol–planetary boundary layer (PBL) interaction was
proposed as an important mechanism to stabilize the atmosphere and
exacerbate surface air pollution. Despite the tremendous progress made in
understanding this process, its magnitude and significance still have large
uncertainties and vary largely with aerosol distribution and meteorological
conditions. In this study, we focus on the role of aerosol vertical
distribution in thermodynamic stability and PBL development by jointly using
micropulse lidar, sun photometer, and radiosonde measurements taken in
Beijing. Despite the complexity of aerosol vertical distributions,
cloud-free aerosol structures can be largely classified into three types:
well-mixed, decreasing with height, and inverse structures. The aerosol–PBL
relationship and diurnal cycles of the PBL height and PM2.5 associated with these different aerosol vertical structures show
distinct characteristics. The vertical distribution of aerosol radiative
forcing differs drastically among the three types, with strong heating in the
lower, middle, and upper PBL, respectively. Such a discrepancy in the heating
rate affects the atmospheric buoyancy and stability differently in the three
distinct aerosol structures. Absorbing aerosols have a weaker effect of
stabilizing the lower atmosphere under the decreasing structure than under
the inverse structure. As a result, the aerosol–PBL interaction can be
strengthened by the inverse aerosol structure and can be potentially
neutralized by the decreasing structure. Moreover, aerosols can both enhance
and suppress PBL stability, leading to both positive and negative
feedback loops. This study attempts to improve our understanding of the
aerosol–PBL interaction, showing the importance of the observational
constraint of aerosol vertical distribution for simulating this interaction
and consequent feedbacks.
Assessment of vertical air motion among reanalyses and qualitative comparison with direct VHF radar measurements over the two tropical stations
Authors: Uma Kizhathur Narasimhan , Das Siddarth Shankar , Ratnam Madineni Venkat , Suneeth Kuniyil Viswanathan
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Vertical wind (w) is one of the most important meteorological parameters for understanding different atmospheric phenomena. Only very few direct measurements of w are available and most of the time one must depend on reanalysis products. In the present study, assessment of w among selected reanalyses, (ERA-Interim, ERA-5, MERRA-2, NCEP-2 and JRA-55) and qualitative comparison of those datasets with direct VHF radar measurements over the convectively active regions Gadanki (13.5° N and 79.2° E) and Kototabang (0° S and 100.2° E) are presented for the first time. The magnitude of w derived from reanalyses is 10–50 % less than that from the direct radar observations. Radar measurements of w show downdrafts below 8 to 10 km and updrafts above 8–10 km over both locations. Inter-comparison between the reanalyses shows that ERAi is overestimating NCEP-2 and underestimating all the reanalyses. Directional tendency shows that the percentage of updrafts captured is reasonably good, but downdrafts are not well captured by all reanalyses. Thus, caution is advised when using vertical velocities from reanalyses.
Successful practice in early career networks: insights from the polar sciences
Authors: Bohleber Pascal , Casado Mathieu , Ashworth Kirsti , Baker Chelsey A. , Belcher Anna , Caccavo Jilda Alicia , Jenkins Holly E. , Satterthwaite Erin , Spolaor Andrea , Winton V. Holly L.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Acquiring not only field-specific knowledge but also a set of transferable professional skills becomes increasingly important for Early Career Scientists (ECS) in Geosciences and other academic disciplines. Although the need for training in transferable skills adds to the work-load of an individual Early Career Scientist, it is often neglected within the traditional academic environments. International Early Career Networks (ECN) are global voluntary communities of early career scientists aiming (i) to advocate for early stage researchers; and (ii) to advance the careers of their members by raising their profiles and training them in specific transferable skills, such as networking, collaborating and outreach. Accordingly, ECN can be a tool to move beyond institutional barriers and to improve the inclusion of ECS into the international scientific community. In 2019 we conducted three surveys in order to assess ECN from the perspective of its members and regarding the structures of different ECN within a specific discipline and across disciplines. We use the survey results alongside with case studies from well-established and long term networks to elucidate the attributes that make a successful, sustainable ECN. Important characteristics of these international ECN include (1) developing the ECN organizational schemes to promote early career scientists within a specific discipline and across disciplines, (2) scoping for members needs, evaluating the performance of the network, and adapting to feedback, (3) continuity of the organizing committee by ensuring representation of different stages of ECS, and (4) diverse membership to provide strong foundational and personnel support within the network. These characteristics can support the development of best practices for developing ECN successfully, which can guide existing and future networks within Geosciences and other scientific disciplines.
Evaluation of satellite-based aerosol datasets and the CAMS reanalysis over the ocean utilizing shipborne reference observations
Authors: Witthuhn Jonas , Hünerbein Anja , Deneke Hartwig
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Reliable reference measurements over the ocean are essential for the evaluation and improvement of satellite- and model-based aerosol datasets. Within the framework of the Maritime Aerosol Network, shipborne reference datasets have been collected over the Atlantic Ocean since 2004 with Microtops Sun photometers. These were recently complemented by measurements with the multi-spectral GUVis-3511 shadowband radiometer during five cruises with the research vessel Polarstern. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) uncertainty estimate of both shipborne instruments of ±0.02 can be confirmed if the GUVis instrument is cross calibrated to the Microtops instrument to account for differences in calibration, and if an empirical correction to account for the broad shadowband as well as the effects of forward scattering is introduced. Based on these two datasets, a comprehensive evaluation of aerosol products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) flown on NASA's Earth Observing System satellites, the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) aboard the geostationary Meteosat satellite, and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service reanalysis (CAMS RA) is presented. For this purpose, focus is given to the accuracy of the AOD at 630 nm in combination with the Ångström exponent (AE), discussed in the context of the ambient aerosol type. In general, the evaluation of MODIS AOD from the official level-2 aerosol products of C6.1 against the Microtops AOD product confirms that 76 % of data points fall into the expected error limits given by previous validation studies. The SEVIRI-based AOD product exhibits a 25 % larger scatter than the MODIS AOD products at the instrument's native spectral channels. Further, the comparison of CAMS RA and MODIS AOD versus the shipborne reference shows similar performance for both datasets, with some differences arising from the assimilation and model assumptions. When considering aerosol conditions, an overestimation of AE is found for scenes dominated by desert dust for MODIS and SEVIRI products versus the shipborne reference dataset. As the composition of the mixture of aerosol in satellite products is constrained by model assumptions, this highlights the importance of considering the aerosol type in evaluation studies for identifying problematic aspects.
Improved parameterization of the weathering kinetics module in the PROFILE and ForSAFE models
Authors: Sverdrup Harald Ulrik , Oelkers Eric H. , Erlandsson Lampa Martin , Belyazid Salim , Kurz Daniel , Akselsson Cecilia
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Although the PROFILE and ForSAFE model can accurately reproduce the chemical and mineralogical evolution of the soil unsaturated zone, it overestimates weathering rates in deeper soil layers and in groundwater systems. This overestimation has been corrected by improving the kinetic expression describing mineral dissolution by adding or upgrading braking functions. The base cation and aluminium brakes have been strengthened, and an additional silicate brake has been developed, improving the ability to describe mineral- water reactions in deeper soils. These brakes are developed from a molecular-level model of the dissolution mechanisms. Equations, parameters and constants describing mineral dissolution kinetics have now been obtained for 113 minerals from 12 major structural groups, comprising all types of minerals encountered in most soils. The PROFILE and ForSAFE weathering sub-model was extended to cover two-dimensional catchments, both in the vertical and the horizontal direction, including the hydrology. Comparisons between this improved model and field observations are available in Erlandsson Lampa et al. (2019, This special issue). The results showed that the incorporation of a braking effect of silica concentrations was necessary and helps obtain more accurate descriptions of soil evolution rates at greater depths and within the saturated zone.
Meteorological drought lacunarity around the world and its classification
Authors: Monjo Robert , Royé Dominic , Martin-Vide Javier
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The measure of drought duration strongly depends on the definition considered. In meteorology, dryness is habitually measured by means of fixed thresholds (e.g. 0.1 or 1 mm usually define dry spells) or climatic mean values (as is the case of the standardised precipitation index), but this also depends on the aggregation time interval considered. However, robust measurements of drought duration are required for analysing the statistical significance of possible changes. Herein we climatically classified the drought duration around the world according to its similarity to the voids of the Cantor set. Dryness time structure can be concisely measured by the n index (from the regular or irregular alternation of dry or wet spells), which is closely related to the Gini index and to a Cantor-based exponent. This enables the world’s climates to be classified into six large types based on a new measure of drought duration. To conclude, outcomes provide the ability to determine when droughts start and finish. We performed the dry-spell analysis using the full global gridded daily Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) dataset. The MSWEP combines gauge-, satellite-, and reanalysis-based data to provide reliable precipitation estimates. The study period comprises the years 1979–2016 (total of 45 165 d), and a spatial resolution of 0.5∘, with a total of 259 197 grid points. The dataset is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3247041 (Monjo et al., 2019).
Sensitivity study on the main tidal constituents of the Gulf of Tonkin by using the frequency-domain tidal solver in T-UGOm
Authors: Piton Violaine , Herrmann Marine , Lyard Florent , Marsaleix Patrick , Duhaut Thomas , Allain Damien , Ouillon Sylvain
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Consequences of tidal dynamics on hydro-sedimentary processes are a recurrent
issue in estuarine and coastal processes studies, and accurate tidal
solutions are a prerequisite for modeling sediment transport, especially in
macro-tidal regions. The motivation for the study presented in this
publication is to implement and optimize a model configuration that will
satisfy this prerequisite in the frame of a larger objective in order to study the
sediment dynamics and fate from the Red River Delta to the Gulf of Tonkin from
a numerical hydrodynamical–sediment coupled model. Therefore, we focus on
the main tidal constituents to conduct sensitivity experiments on the
bathymetry and bottom friction parameterization. The frequency-domain solver
available in the hydrodynamic unstructured grid model T-UGOm has been used
to reduce the computational cost and allow for wider parameter explorations.
Tidal solutions obtained from the optimal configuration were evaluated from
tide measurements derived from satellite altimetry and tide gauges; the use
of an improved bathymetry dataset and fine friction parameter adjustment
significantly improved our tidal solutions. However, our experiments seem to
indicate that the solution error budget is still dominated by bathymetry
errors, which is the most common limitation for accurate tidal modeling.
Estimation of evapotranspiration by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Penman–Monteith temperature (PMT) and Hargreaves–Samani (HS) models under temporal and spatial criteria – a case study in Duero basin (Spain)
Authors: Moratiel Rubén , Bravo Raquel , Saa Antonio , Tarquis Ana M. , Almorox Javier
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The evapotranspiration-based scheduling method is the most common method for irrigation programming in agriculture. There is no doubt that
the estimation of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is a key factor in irrigated agriculture. However, the high cost and maintenance of agrometeorological stations and high number of sensors required to estimate it make it non-plausible, especially in rural areas. For this reason, the estimation of ETo using air temperature, in places where wind speed, solar radiation and air humidity data are not readily available, is particularly attractive. A daily data record of 49 stations distributed over Duero basin (Spain), for the period 2000–2018, was used for estimation of ETo based on seven models against Penman–Monteith (PM) FAO 56 (FAO – Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) from a temporal (annual or seasonal) and spatial perspective. Two Hargreaves–Samani (HS) models, with and without calibration, and five Penman–Monteith temperature (PMT) models were used in this study. The results show that the models' performance changes considerably, depending on whether the scale is annual or seasonal. The performance of the seven models was acceptable from an annual perspective (R2>0.91, NSE > 0.88, MAE < 0.52 and RMSE < 0.69 mm d−1; NSE – Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency; MAE – mean absolute error; RMSE – root-mean-square error). For winter, no model showed good performance. In the rest of the seasons, the models with the best
performance were the following three models: PMTCUH (Penman–Monteith temperature with calibration of Hargreaves empirical coefficient – kRS, average monthly value of wind speed, and average monthly value of maximum and minimum relative humidity), HSC (Hargreaves–Samani with calibration of kRS) and PMTOUH (Penman–Monteith temperature without calibration of kRS, average monthly value of wind speed and average monthly value of maximum and minimum relative humidity). The HSC model presents a calibration of the Hargreaves empirical coefficient (kRS). In the PMTCUH model, kRS was calibrated and average monthly values were used for wind speed and maximum and minimum relative humidity. Finally, the PMTOUH model is like the PMTCUH model except that
kRS was not calibrated. These results are very useful for adopting
appropriate measures for efficient water management, especially in the
intensive agriculture in semi-arid zones, under the limitation of
agrometeorological data.
The Volcanoes of Naples: how effectively mitigating the highest volcanic risk in the World?
Authors: De Natale Giuseppe , Troise Claudia , Somma Renato
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The Naples (Southern Italy) area has the highest volcanic risk in the World, due to the coexistence of three highly explosive volcanoes (Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia) with extremely dense urbanisation. More than three millions people live to within twenty kilometres from a possible eruptive vent. Mitigating such an extreme risk is made difficult because volcanic eruptions forecast is today an empirical procedure with very uncertain outcome. This paper starts recalling the state of the art of eruption forecast, and then describes the main hazards in the Neapolitan area, shortly presenting the activity and present state of its volcanoes. Then, it proceeds to suggest the most effective procedures to mitigate the extreme volcanic and associated risks. The problem is afforded in a highly multidisciplinary way, taking into account the main economic, sociological and urban issues. The proposed mitigation actions are then compared with the existing emergency plans, developed by Italian Civil Protection, by highlighting their numerous, very evident problems. Our study, besides regarding the most complex and extreme situation of volcanic risk in the World, gives guidelines to assessing and managing volcanic risk in any densely urbanised area.
Accounting for Non-stationarity in Extreme Snow Loads: a Comparison with Building Standards in the French Alps
Authors: Le Roux Erwan , Evin Guillaume , Eckert Nicolas , Blanchet Juliette , Morin Samuel
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In a context of climate change, trends in extreme snow loads need to be determined to minimize the risk of structure collapse.We study trends in annual maxima of ground snow load (GSL) using non-stationary extreme value models. Trends in return levels of GSL are assessed at a mountain massif scale from GSL data, provided for the French Alps from 1959 to 2019 by a meteorological reanalysis and a snowpack model. Our results indicate a temporal decrease in 50-year return levels from 900 m to 4200 m, significant in the Northwest of the French Alps until 2100 m. Despite this decrease, in half of the massifs, the return level in 2019 at 1800 m exceeds the return level designed for French building standards under a stationary assumption. We believe that this high number of exceedances is due to questionable assumptions concerning the computation of current standards. For example, these were devised with GSL, estimated from snow depth and constant snow density set to 150 kg m−3, which underestimate typical GSL values for the full snowpack.
Europe's offshore winds assessed with synthetic aperture radar, ASCAT and WRF
Authors: Hasager Charlotte B. , Hahmann Andrea N. , Ahsbahs Tobias , Karagali Ioanna , Sile Tija , Badger Merete , Mann Jakob
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Europe's offshore wind resource mapping is part of the New
European Wind Atlas (NEWA) international consortium effort. This study
presents the results of analysis of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ocean
wind maps based on Envisat and Sentinel-1 with a brief description of the
wind retrieval process and Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) ocean wind maps.
The wind statistics at 10 and 100 m above mean sea level (a.m.s.l.) height
using an extrapolation procedure involving simulated long-term stability
over oceans are presented for both SAR and ASCAT. Furthermore, the Weather
Research and Forecasting (WRF) offshore wind atlas of NEWA is presented.
This has 3 km grid spacing with data every 30 min for 30 years from
1989 to 2018, while ASCAT has 12.5 km and SAR has 2 km grid spacing.
Offshore mean wind speed maps at 100 m a.m.s.l. height from ASCAT, SAR, WRF and
ERA5 at a European scale are compared. A case study on offshore winds near
Crete compares SAR and WRF for flow from the north, west and all directions. The paper highlights the ability of the WRF model to simulate the overall
European wind climatology and the near-coastal winds constrained by the
resolution of the coastal topography in the WRF model simulations.
Evaluating the talking cure
Authors: Verma Megha
Published: March 2020

It would seem that a disorder as complex as a mental illness would require equally complex solutions. “Talking cures”, known today as psychotherapies, were lauded as unscientific for a very long time.1 Today, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is a psychotherapeutic technique that has shown considerable success in improving the prognosis for many mental illnesses using the scientific method. It is considered a panacea by some for mental illness amidst the zeitgeist of skepticism for pharmacology. This article explores the philosophical foundations of CBT and explains how a technique considered as unscientific is now the gold-standard in mental illness treatment. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will also be discussed to examine its validity on psychotherapy and determine whether efficiency studies may be more suitable to adequately compare psychotherapies.
Oncology and psychiatry intersect
Authors: Ruicci Kara Marie , Wang Dominic
Published: March 2020

Ms. Patmore is a 51-year-old premenopausal female who presents to her family physician’s office with an ongoing episode of severe depression. She is accompanied by her daughter, who reports her mother’s inability to sleep, a lack of appetite, low energy and speech latency.1 Past medical history is significant for major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosed five years ago and managed effectively in the past three years with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (20 mg/d). Ms. Patmore’s daughter reports their family’s recent concerns that Ms. Patmore is becoming increasingly depressed, with similar characteristics as her initial depressive episodes five years previously.

Ms. Patmore has a recent (1 year) history of estrogen-receptor positive invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC; T1N1 disease) that was identified on routine mammogram. She underwent a unilateral mastectomy 10 months ago and surgical reconstruction is pending. Post-operatively, Ms. Patmore began adjuvant therapy with oral tamoxifen (20 mg/d) as her cancer was found to be estrogen receptor (ER) positive.2 Her daughter reports that at that time, fluoxetine was replaced with the SSRI escitalopram (20 mg/d), owing to the propensity for drug interactions between certain SSRIs (including fluoxetine) and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 enzyme, which metabolizes tamoxifen to its active metabolite, endoxifen.3 Over the past three months, Ms. Patmore’s depressive symptoms have returned and worsened.
Constructions of Dense Lattices over Number Fields
Authors: Andrade Antonio A. , Ferrari Agnaldo J. , Interlando José C. , Araujo Robson R.
Published: March 2020

In this work, we present constructions of algebraic lattices in Euclidean space with optimal center density in dimensions 2,3,4,5,6,8 and 12, which are rotated versions of the lattices Lambda_n, for n =2,3,4,5,6,8 and K_12. These algebraic lattices are constructed through canonical homomorphism via Z-modules of the ring of algebraic integers of a number field.
Conditions for the Existence of Global Solutions to Doubly Nonlinear Advection-diffusion Equations
Authors: Chagas Jocemar Q. , Guidolin Patrícia L. , Zingano Paulo R.
Published: March 2020

In this work, we consider a initial-value problem for an doubly non linear advection-diffusion equation, and we present a critical value of κ up to wich the initial-value problem has global solution independent of the initial data u0, and from which global solutions may still exists, but from initial data u0 satisfying certain conditions. For this, we suppose that the function f(x,t,u) in the advection term, writted in the divergent form, satisﬁes certain conditions about your variation in Rn, and we also use the decrease of the norm L1(Rn) and an control for the norm L∞(Rn) of solution u(·,t).