bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of ACTH and Cortisol Secretion and Implications for Disease
Authors: Lightman Stafford L , Birnie Matthew T , Conway-Campbell Becky L
Published: February 2020

The past decade has seen several critical advances in our understanding of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis regulation. Homeostatic physiological circuits need to integrate multiple internal and external stimuli and provide a dynamic output appropriate for the response parameters of their target tissues. The HPA axis is an example of such a homeostatic system. Recent studies have shown that circadian rhythmicity of the major output of this system—the adrenal glucocorticoid hormones corticosterone in rodent and predominately cortisol in man—comprises varying amplitude pulses that exist due to a subhypothalamic pulse generator. Oscillating endogenous glucocorticoid signals interact with regulatory systems within individual parts of the axis including the adrenal gland itself, where a regulatory network can further modify the pulsatile release of hormone. The HPA axis output is in the form of a dynamic oscillating glucocorticoid signal that needs to be decoded at the cellular level. If the pulsatile signal is abolished by the administration of a long-acting synthetic glucocorticoid, the resulting disruption in physiological regulation has the potential to negatively impact many glucocorticoid-dependent bodily systems. Even subtle alterations to the dynamics of the system, during chronic stress or certain disease states, can potentially result in changes in functional output of multiple cells and tissues throughout the body, altering metabolic processes, behavior, affective state, and cognitive function in susceptible individuals. The recent development of a novel chronotherapy, which can deliver both circadian and ultradian patterns, provides great promise for patients on glucocorticoid treatment.
Correlation between Serum Ferritin Levels and Liver Stiffness measured by Fibroscan in patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Latif Saba , Kalam Quratulain , Zuberi Bader Faiyaz
Published: February 2020

Objective: To determine correlation between transient elastography values with serum ferritin and duration of infection in patients of hepatitis C.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at medical units of Civil Hospital, Karachi. The study protocol was approved by the Research Evaluation Unit of College of Physician and Surgeon Pakistan (CPSP). Patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were included after taking informed consent. Serum ferritin levels were tested by standard laboratory procedures and transient elastography by fibroscan. Regression analysis was done to see correlation of ferritin with transient elastography and duration of HCV.

Results: Over all 120 patients fulfilling the selection criteria were selected after informed consent. These included 68 (56.7%) male & 52 (43.3%) female. Significant differences in ferritin levels by Fibrosis stages were observed by ANOVA (df = 3; F =12.768; p = <0.001). Serum ferritin showed linear pattern across Fibrosis stages (F = 33.948; p = <0.001). Regression analysis of ferritin and duration of HCV showed significant impact on TE scores (r2 = 0.317).

Conclusions: There is significant correlation between serum ferritin and duration of HCV with TE scores.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1288

How to cite this:Latif S, Kalam Q, Zuberi BF. Correlation between Serum Ferritin Levels and Liver Stiffness measured by Fibroscan in patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):355-359. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1288

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors-comparison of off-clamp partial nephrectomy with hilar clamping
Authors: Jalbani Imran Khan , Nazim Syed Mohammad , Ahmed Maria , Abbas Farhat
Published: February 2020

Background and Objective: Open partial nephrectomy (PN) is still considered gold standard procedure for T1 localized renal tumors. Conventional technique involves clamping of the renal artery with or without vein however, renal ischemia produces a certain level of damage to the kidneys. This study aims to investigate potential effect of off-clamp vs. hilar clamping PN on renal function.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent unilateral, open partial nephrectomy for renal tumors b/w January 2009 December 2016 at our institution. A total of 90 partial nephrectomies were performed of which 65 cases were eligible for analysis. Non clamping technique was used in 43 while clamp was applied in 22 patients. Variables studied were patients’ demographics, clinical variables, the laterality, tumors size and location, R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score, blood loss, tumor histology and surgical margins. Patients’ renal function (serum creatinine and eGFR) were determined pre-operatively, at 3 and 12 months follow up. Data was analyzed on SPSS v. 22.

Results: Both the groups were comparable with regards to pre-operative renal function. Mean radiological size of tumor was 4.71±1.31 and 3.81±1.0 (0.003) in two groups respectively. Mean R.E.N.A.L nephrometry score was 6.1±1.5 in off-clamp group compared to 7.05±1.7 in clamp group (p=0.04). No statistically significant difference was found in operative duration, blood loss, positive surgical margins and intra/ peri-operative complications. At three months and one year, renal function was better preserved in non-clamp group compared to clamp group (p=0.001 and 0.007 respectively).

Conclusion: Off clamp open partial nephrectomy is safe and feasible option leading to less decline in renal function.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1533

How to cite this:Jalbani IK, Nazim SM, Ahmed M, Abbas F. Nephron sparing surgery for renal tumors- comparison of off-clamp partial nephrectomy with hilar clamping. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):316-321. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1533

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), Where do we stand? Current situation
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad , Nadeem Muhammad , Ahmed Mahmood , Rehman Faheem-ur-
Published: February 2020

Objective: To identify the stage of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) at the time of presentation.

Methods: This cross sectional observational prospective study was carried out at Gastro Department of Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Multan from August 2017 to December 2018. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of alpha fetoprotein, abdominal ultrasound, triphasic contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CECT). They were evaluated for etiology including Hepatitis B, C and non B & C. The patients were inquired about the previous treatment and when they came to know about the HCC. Staging of the tumor was done on the basis BCLC (Barcelona cancer liver clinic) and Melan’s criteria. Performance status (PS) of the patient was checked by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) criteria. Severity of cirrhosis was assessed by CTP (Child Turcotte Pugh) and Model for end stage liver disease (MELD) score. The data was analyzed in IBM SPSS version 22.

Results: Out of 135 patients 78% were males and 22% females. Age Mean SD was 58.81± 9.366. Frequency of hepatitis C, B, combined B, C and non-B non-C was 80%, 11%, 2.8% and 6.2% respectively. 96(73.8%) never got the treatment before for Hepatitis. 81(62.3%) came to know first time on this index admission. Maximum numbers of patients were in BCLC stage B i.e. 82(55.2%) with ECOG grade of one i.e.57 (39.3%), at the time of presentation. Mean MELD and CTP score were 12.24, 7.34 (class B) respectively.

Conclusion: HCV was the most common in HCC, never treated before, presented for the first time in advance stage of the disease where very limited treatment options left behind.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1594

How to cite this:Hafeez M, Nadeem M, Ahmed M, Faheem-ur-Rehman. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), Where do we stand? Current situation. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):344-348. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1594

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Therapeutic effects of internal fixation with support plates and cannulated screws via the posterolateral approach on supination external rotation stage IV ankle fracture
Authors: Liu Zhongbing , Tang Genling , Guo Shuguang , Cai Bin , Li Qingsong
Published: February 2020

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of internal fixation with support plates and cannulated screws via the posterolateral approach on supination external rotation stage IV ankle fracture.

Methods: Eighty-five patients with SER-IV°ankle fracture and large posterior malleolar fracture treated from June 2016 to June 2018 in our hospital, were randomly divided into a support plate group (n=47) and a cannulated screw group (n=38). The treatment outcomes were compared regarding surgical time, amount of bleeding, time of fracture healing, postoperative complications, as well as the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score and excellent rate one year later.

Results: The surgical time and intraoperative blood loss of cannulated screw group were significantly lower than those of support plate group (P<0.05). There were four cases of posterior lateral incision redness complicated with obvious bloody exudation in support plate group on the postoperative 2nd day. One case developed into superficial incision infection subsequently, and one case suffered from deep infection. After dressing and treatment with sensitive antibiotics, stitch removal was delayed, and primary healing was obtained. In cannulated screw group, there were two cases of posterior lateral incision redness complicated with obvious bloody exudation on the postoperative 3rd day, without skin incision infection. One case had cannulated screw loosening two months after surgery, and the posterior malleolar fracture block was slightly displaced. The incidence of surgical complications in support plate and cannulated screw groups were 8.51% and 7.89%, respectively (P>0.05). The AOFAS scores of cannulated screw ((81.71 ± 12.39) points) and support plate groups ((86.62 ± 10.12) points) were significantly different (P<0.05).

Conclusion: For patients with posterior malleolar fracture or osteoporosis, fixation using support plate is recommended. Cannulated screw fixation is suitable for for patients with poor conditions of skin soft tissues or basic diseases such as diabetes intolerant to long surgery.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1671

How to cite this:Liu Z, Tang G, Guo S, Cai B, Li Q. Therapeutic effects of internal fixation with support plates and cannulated screws via the posterolateral approach on supination external rotation stage IV ankle fracture. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):438-444.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1671

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Influence of Bioactive, Resin and Glass Ionomer luting cements on the fracture loads of dentin bonded ceramic crowns
Authors: Vohra Fahim , Altwaim Manea , Alshuwaier Abdulaziz , Al Deeb Modhi , Alfawaz Yasser , Alrabiah Mohammed , Abduljabbar Tariq
Published: February 2020

Objective: To investigate the failure loads of dentin bonded all-ceramic crowns when luted with Bioactive, resin and glass ionomer cements (GIC) in an in-vitro setting.

Methods: This study was conducted at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, from Nov.2018 to March 2019. In this study, 60 premolar teeth were prepared for dentin-bonded ceramic crowns. Lithium disilicate ceramic crowns fabricated using CAD-CAM technique were cemented to teeth using Bioactive (ACITVA), Resin (Nexus 3 Gen) and GIC (Ketac Cem- Maxicap). Half of the bonded specimens in each group were thermocycled (50000 cycles), however the remaining half were not aged (n=10). Fracture loads of bonded crowns were assessed by exposing them to static axial occlusal loads (1mm/min) using a round ended metal probe in a Universal testing machine. Means and standard deviations among the study groups were compared with ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test.

Results: Highest failure loads were observed in resin group without ageing (thermocycling) (689.13±89.41 N), however, the lowest loads were observed in GIC specimens with ageing (243.16±49.03 N). Among non-aged samples, failure loads for Bioactive (480.30±47.26 N) group were less than Resin (689.13±89.41 N) samples but higher than GIC (307.51±45.29 N) specimens respectively. Among the aged specimens, Bioactive (404.42±60.43 N) showed significantly higher failure loads than GIC (243.16±49.03 N), however lower failure loads than Resin (582.33±95.95 N) samples.

Conclusions: Dentin boned crowns with resin cementation showed higher failure loads than Bioactive and GIC luted crowns. Crowns luted with Bioactive cement showed acceptable failure loads for use as restoration on anterior teeth.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1946

How to cite this:Vohra F, Altwaim M, Alshuwaier AS, Al-Deeb M, Alfawaz Y, Alrabiah M, et al. Influence of Bioactive, Resin and Glass Ionomer luting cements on the fracture loads of dentin bonded ceramic crowns. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):416-421.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1946

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Paroxetine combined with olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Ning , Zheng Na , Dong Mei , He Jin
Published: February 2020

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of paroxetine combined with olanzapine in the treatment of senile schizophrenia with depression.

Methods: Eighty-four elderly schizophrenic patients with depression who were admitted to our hospital from August 2016 to February 2018 were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into observation group and control group using random number table, 42 cases in each group. The control group was treated with olanzapine orally, while the observation group was treated with olanzapine and paroxetine orally. The level of homocysteine (Hcy) in the two groups was analyzed before and after treatment. The efficacy was evaluated by the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) score and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score. The adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.

Results: After treatment, the level of serum Hcy in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and it was close to the normal level. There was no significant difference in PANSS score between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the negative factor score and PANSS score in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The HAMD score of the two groups had no significant difference before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the HAMD score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The difference of incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Paroxetine combined with olanzapine has a definite clinical effect in the treatment of senile schizophrenia with depression. It can effectively reduce the level of serum Hcy, relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia, and alleviate the depressive symptoms of patients, with high safety. It is worth promoting.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.846

How to cite this:Wang N, Zheng N, Dong M, He J. Paroxetine combined with olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):516-520. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.846

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The role of the Xist 5’ m6A region and RBM15 in X chromosome inactivation
Authors: Coker Heather , Wei Guifeng , Moindrot Benoit , Mohammed Shabaz , Nesterova Tatyana , Brockdorff Neil
Published: February 2020

Background: X chromosome inactivation in mammals is regulated by the non-coding (nc) RNA, Xist, which represses the chromosome from which it is transcribed.  High levels of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification occur within Xist exon I, close to the 5’ end of the transcript, and also further 3’, in Xist exon VII. The m6A modification is catalysed by the METTL3/14 complex that is directed to specific targets, including Xist, by the RNA binding protein RBM15/15B. m6A modification of Xist RNA has been reported to be important for Xist–mediated gene silencing. 

Methods: We use CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutagenesis to delete sequences around the 5’ m6A region in interspecific XX mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs).  Following induction of Xist RNA expression, we assay chromosome silencing using allelic RNA-seq and Xist m6A distribution using m6A-seq. Additionally, we use Xist RNA FISH to analyse the effect of deleting the 5’ m6A region on the function of the endogenous Xist promoter. We purify epitope tagged RBM15 from mESCs, and then apply MS/MS analysis to define the RBM15 interactome.

Results: We show that a deletion encompassing the entire Xist 5’ m6A region results in a modest reduction in Xist-mediated silencing, and that the 5’ m6A region overlaps essential DNA elements required for activation of the endogenous Xist promoter. Deletion of the Xist A-repeat, to which RBM15 binds, entirely abolishes deposition of m6A in the Xist 5’ m6A region without affecting the modification in exon VII. We show that in mESCs, RBM15 interacts with the m6A complex, the SETD1B histone modifying complex, and several proteins linked to RNA metabolism.

Conclusions: Our findings support that RBM15 binding to the Xist A-repeat recruits the m6A complex to the 5’ Xist m6A region and that this region plays a role in Xist-mediated chromosome silencing.
Food ingredients and dietary supplements
Authors: Poznyakovskiy Valeriy , Chugunova Ol'ga , Tamova Mayya
Published: February 2020

The characteristics of currently used food ingredients (food additives, flavorings, technological AIDS) and biologically active additives are considered. An analytical review of the fundamental and periodic literature is presented, and the latest regulatory documents regulating the use of food ingredients and biologically active additives are provided.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the areas of training 19.03.04 and 19.04.04 "product Technology and catering".
Theory and organization of environmental audit
Authors: Chkhutiashvili Lela
Published: February 2020

The monograph is devoted to the theory and organization of environmental audit, its special types, methods and techniques, as well as regulatory regulation and features of the organization and conduct.
The book is intended for teachers, postgraduates and students of economic universities, practicing accountants and auditors.
Combatting Corruption: New Challenges
Authors: Pozdnysheva E. , Chikhanchin Yu. , Ivanov S. , Truntsevskiy Yuriy , Savenkov Aleksandr , Sidorenko Elina , Fedorov Aleksandr , Zaloilo Maksim , Pavlushkin Aleksey , Soroko A. , Lukyanova Vlada , Sinitsyn S. , Semykina Olga , Nikitina Elena , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Zyryanov Sergey , Golovanova Natalya , Morozov Andrey , Khabriyeva Taliya , Spyektor YEkatyerina , Nozdrachyev Alyeksandr , Koshayeva Tatyana , Kashyepov Vladimir , Kapustin Anatoliy , Gravina Alla , Andrichyenko Lyudmila , Avtonomov Alyeksyey , Tsirin Artem
Published: February 2020

This monograph sums up the results of multidisciplinary scientific research of legal and institutional fundamentals relating to combatting corruption that were obtained within the National plan of combatting corruption for the period 2014–2015. It defines modern concepts of combatting corruption with due account given to new challenges and factors which are conducive to this socially negative phenomenon. The monograph reflects theoretical and methodological rules employed to monitor corruption elements and anticorruption measures, it also provides recommendations relating to the ways and means to liquidating the causes and conditions for corruption. Under consideration are traditional and new technologies of combatting corruption, potentials of legal responsibility for corruption crimes. It also gives recommendations for national anticorruption policy improvements that are based on international law tendencies and positive legal experience of international legislation.
The thesis of this paper were broadly discussed at international and national science conferences, including the Fourth and the Fifth Eurasian anticorruption forum (Moscow, 2015 and 2016), and also during the sixth session of the Conference of States — members of the UN Convention on counteracting corruption (Saint Petersburg, 2–6 Nov. 2015).
Theoretical conclusions and practical solutions highlighted in this publication can raise the effectiveness of national anticorruption strategies, give a new impetus to multidisciplinary and scientific studies of the legislation and law enforcement cases, and also get a greater number of people interested in this sphere – practicing lawyers, representatives of business community,
graduates, and post graduates, legislative bodies, teachers, students, readers who face the problem of overcoming the problem of corruption.
Engineering ecology: processes and devices sewage treatment and recycling of precipitation
Authors: Lukanin Aleksandr
Published: February 2020

The book describes the composition and properties of wastewater, shows the main methods of sewage treatment, the basic techniques of sludge treatment, as well as hardware design of these processes. Also in the manual covers the methods, processes and devices for mechanical and biological wastewater treatment, as well as processing and recycling of sludge, are the methods of calculations related equipment. Compliant with the Federal state educational standard of the latest generation of higher education. The publication is intended for students directions "Technosphere safety" (20.03.01, 20.04.01), "Ecology and Nature" (05.03.06, 05.04.06), as well as the "Industrial Ecology and Biotechnology» (19.00.00). Also, the benefit will be useful to professionals working in the field of environmental engineering.
Generalized Euler-Venn Diagrams for Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Mironova Yu.
Published: February 2020

The fuzzy set concept is often used in solution of problems in which the initial data is difficult or impossible to represent in the form of specific numbers or sets. Geo-information objects are distinguished by their uncertainty, their characteristics are often vague and have some error. Therefore, in the study of such objects is introduced the concept of "fuzziness" — fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, linguistic variables, etc. The fuzzy set concept is given in the form of membership function. An ordinary set is a special case of a fuzzy one. If we consider a fuzzy object on the map, for example, a lake that changes its shape depending on the time of year, we can build up for it a characteristic function from two variables (the object’s points coordinates) and put a certain number in accordance with each point of the object. That is, we can describe a fuzzy set using its two-dimensional graphical image. Thus, we obtain an approximate view of a surface z = μ(x, y) in three-dimensional space. Let us now draw planes parallel to the plane. We’ll obtain intersections of our surface with these planes at 0 ≤ z ≤ 1. Let's call them as isolines. By projecting these isolines on the OXY plane, we’ll obtain an image of our fuzzy set with an indication of intermediate values μ(x, y) linked to the set’s points coordinates. So we’ll construct generalized Euler — Venn diagrams which are a generalization of well-known Euler — Venn diagrams for ordinary sets. Let's consider representations of operations on fuzzy sets A a n d B. Th e y u s u a l l y t a k e : μA B = min (μA,μB ), μA B = max (μA,μB ), μA = 1 − μA. Algebraic operations on fuzzy sets are defined as follows: μ A B x μ A x μ B x ( ) = ( ) + ( ) − −μ A (x)μ B (x), μ A B x μ A x μ B x ( ) = ( ) ( ), μ A (x) = 1 − μ A (x). Let's construct for a particular problem a generalized Euler — Venn diagram corresponding to it, and solve subtasks graphically, using operations on fuzzy sets, operations of intersection and integrating of the diagram’s bars.
Management consulting
Authors: Lapygin YUriy
Published: February 2020

The textbook contains systematized material on key topics of the discipline "Management consulting", including information about the goals and objectives of consulting work, the organization of the consulting system, methods and methods of diagnostics and testing of the objects under study, among which may be enterprises and organizations, management systems, labor and training teams.
The textbook includes exercises, business games, tests, analysis of specific situations that arise in the business environment, on the materials of which practical training sessions can be built.
The thematic scope and depth of the textbook material fully meet the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the last generation.
The publication is intended for students and teachers of higher education institutions, postgraduates, as well as managers of personnel management services and consultants on management and organizational development.
Realization of youth policy in the Russian Federation
Authors: Lukyanova Tatyana , Lovcheva Marina , Kibanov Ardalon
Published: February 2020

The implementation of youth policy in the Russian Federation faces a large number of problems and obstacles, so the search and implementation of effective ways to manage youth policy is an actual practical and scientific task.
The monograph deals with current issues of youth policy development in the Russian Federation: features of youth policy implementation in Russia, European and Asian countries, and the United States, participation of international organizations, the state, business, and the non-profit sector in this process, and possible directions for the development of youth policy.
The proposed book may be of interest to a wide range of professionals – representatives of state authorities and the professional education system, public organizations and entrepreneurs.
Manager leadership development
Authors: Evtikhov Oleg
Published: February 2020

The monograph is devoted to a problem of development of leader potential of the head in the context of increase of efficiency of its professional activity as organizational leader. In it(her) foreign and domestic theories of leadership are consistently considered, structural components of leader potential are analyzed, the author´s social and psychological model of development of leader potential of the head is described. Research is addressed to psychologists, teachers and heads.
Recursos literários e historicidade em Casa Grande & Senzala de Gilberto Freyre
Authors: Brandão Teixeira Tássia Verônica
Published: February 2020

Publicado no Brasil em 1 de dezembro de 1933 com 768 páginas em sua primeira edição, Casa-Grande & Senzala teve uma recepção bastante refratária no Brasil: inaugurava-se o regionalismo no campo sócio-histórico cultural ou um tratado lírico histórico das relações do Brasil colônia?Ao longo dessas décadas, da sua recepção aos seus primeiros revisionismos, o ponto comum nas observações da construção técnica da obra é: O caráter plástico/artístico do texto. As relações de gênero, geografia, poder, culinária, folclore sendo tomadas não como puras descrições catalográficas e sim o desembrear da memória, que tem cor, cheiro e temperatura. Uma memória não apenas coletiva, mas também do próprio Freyre, que não queria apenas compartilhar opiniões, queria compartilhar experiências.
Transcriação no "Sermões" de Júlio Bressane: interações de literatura, pintura e oralidade
Authors: Carvalho Araujo e Sousa Adriano
Published: February 2020

Analiso trechos do filme Sermões: A História de Antônio Vieira (1989) de Júlio Bressane abordando pares de opostos, elementos que repercutem a vibração e a vertigem barroca, por exemplo: som e silêncio; cheio e vazio. Coloco em debate o processo de transcriação que permite a Bressane transitar por literatura e pintura, com ênfase na oralidade. A voz de Vieira com suas profecias e sermões conduz o cineasta a um trabalho com imagens que oferece também uma cartografia da literatura luso-brasileira, bem como da cultura.
O espaço do conceito de “kizomba”
Authors: Fernandes Cláudia
Published: February 2020

Que a kizomba anda actualmente nas bocas do mundo está claro, mas muitos que a ouvem, que a dançam e que a desfrutam não saberão certamente o percurso que este ritmo trilhou, atravessando vários continentes ao longo de várias décadas ou mesmo séculos. Esta comunicação pretende fazer uma viagem regressiva ao mundo da kizomba, ou seja, analisar de onde veio e a que transformações foi sujeito o produto comercial que dá hoje por esse nome. Nessa medida, tentar-se-á traçar uma rota que remonta ao chamado Black Atlantic e cujos frutos ainda se fazem sentir hoje em dia. Assim, procurar-se-á apresentar em primeiro lugar como o movimento colonial teve influência numa música que brotou em África. Num segundo momento, como este ritmo, enquanto música e dança, foi relocalizado para a Europa, onde se verificou a tentativa de recriação do seu ambiente original, e quais as consequências que daí advieram. Num terceiro momento, observar-se-á como é que se procedeu à divulgação nesse segundo espaço e este passou a funcionar como ponto de partida ou plataforma giratória, projectando este ritmo para outras cidades europeias, consolidando a kizomba não só como género musical, mas também como estilo de dança, a nível global. Esta viagem ao longo do tempo e do espaço só se proporciona pela movimentação de pessoas. Desde o Black Atlantic às migrações actuais, houve muitas contribuições para a divulgação e internacionalização da kizomba.
Clarice Lispector e sua arte do conto
Authors: Gabor-da Silva Agnieszka
Published: February 2020

Este ensaio apresenta uma análise crítica do conto O ovo e a galinha, que é considerado um dos contos mais complexos escritos por Clarice Lispector. O objetivo do trabalho é chamar a atenção para a complexidade da história e ilustrar como o texto desafia outros contos em termos de estrutura e conteúdo. Este ensaio pretende também realçar o ângulo de interpretação relacionado com a consciência literária de Lispector, isto é, uma perspectiva que até agora não foi extensivamente abordada na Polônia.
Literatura e poesia marginal contemporânea no Brasil
Authors: Lopes d’ El Rei Priscilla
Published: February 2020

No Brasil, a segregação urbana é uma das faces mais importantes da desigualdade social e parte promotora da mesma. Essa segregação, junto a um sentimento político-social, unido ao posicionamento marginal de alguns grupos sociais, culminou no surgimento de uma rede de produção cultural independente cuja novidade consiste na representação e divulgação da identidade local. Dentro destas manifestações encontra-se a Literatura Marginal. Nesse tipo de literatura, os próprios autores das obras são marginalizados por uma sociedade que não lhes dá ouvidos ou voz para falar e, na forma de escrever, encontraram um modo de mostrar sua revolta e a busca por reconhecimento social e étnico. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um pouco desta produção literária dos últimos 20 anos no Brasil, suas peculiaridades de formas e temas.
Alguns apontamentos sobre os manuscritos portugueses da Biblioteca Jaguelónica de Cracóvia
Authors: Rzepka Anna
Published: February 2020

O objetivo principal do artigo consiste em apresentar brevemente uma coleção de manuscritos ibéricos do acervo da Biblioteca Universitária Jaguelónica de Cracóvia. Trata-se de uma coleção quase desconhecida no âmbito dos estudos filológicos ibero-românicos. O texto foca alguns manuscritos portugueses deste conjunto, no contexto da receção da literatura e história portuguesas na Europa Central, nos séculos XVIII e XIX.
Quatro coisas encontradas: análise espacial da casa no romance "Para Sempre" de Vergílio Ferreira
Authors: Válová Karolina
Published: February 2020

O artigo apresenta a análise espacial da casa no romance Para Sempre (1983) de Vergílio Ferreira, um dos maiores escritores existencialistas da literatura portuguesa. Paulo, o narrador autodiegético, está de regresso à casa amarela, à casa da sua infância. É o regresso definitivo que inicia a última fase da sua vida, o tempo que lhe falta até à morte. Deambulando pela casa, percorrendo corredores, subindo e descendo escadas, entrando em cada quarto, encontra um tempo imóvel que revela o seu passado, e o faz pensar sobre o futuro e os seus sonhos. Encontra também quatro coisas-símbolos (o violino, o chapéu de palha, o relógio e a estatueta de anjo) que funcionam como chaves. Com o apoio da obra filosófica A poética do espaço (La poétique de l’espace, 1957) de Gaston Bachelard constatamos que a casa amarela representa a vida de Paulo.
Observações sobre a derivação parassintética no português e no espanhol
Authors: Szijj Ildikó
Published: February 2020

O meu objetivo é observar alguns aspetos dos derivados parassintéticos deadjetivais do português e do espanhol, formados com os prefixos a- e en-. Este tipo de derivação existe em todas as línguas românicas, mas os elementos concretos podem divergir. Assim, pode aparecer um prefixo diferente no derivado, p. ex. port. encurtar / esp. acortar. Num par como port. apequenar / esp. empequeñecer vemos a diferença ao mesmo tempo no tipo de conjugação e no prefixo. Noutros casos, só uma das duas línguas tem um derivado parassintético, p. ex. esp. ensuciar / port. sujar. O derivado parassintético de uma das línguas pode ter como equivalente uma combinação de elementos lexicais, p. ex. esp. empequeñecer / port. tornar pequeno.
As cores dos provérbios na língua portuguesa: de Portugal ao Brasil e de Angola a Timor
Authors: Teixeira José
Published: February 2020

Linguisticamente, os provérbios possuem, a nível semântico-pragmático, uma estrutura relativamente autónoma, podendo até serem considerados, numa determinada ótica, uma espécie de microtextos. Esta sua caraterística levou-nos a utilizá-los para testar os mecanismos de sinestesia nas línguas, concretamente, tentar perceber se os provérbios não ligados diretamente a cores (como “Quem tudo quer, tudo perde”) desencadeiam processos semântico-cognitivos implicando as cores de forma não aleatória.Para tal, a partir de um grupo de 9 provérbios sem referências diretas a cores recolheram-se as respostas a um conjunto de inquéritos feitos em Portugal e no Brasil que evidenciam a sistematicidade de, por um lado, se poder dizer que cada provérbio tem cores específicas e por outro que há diferenças entre essas cores para o Português Europeu (PE) e para o Português Brasileiro (PB).Numa segunda fase, recolhemos dados sobre os mesmos provérbios em Angola (PA, Português de Angola) e Timor (PTi, Português de Timor) com a finalidade de se verificar até que ponto as sinestesias das cores nos provérbios são ou não sistemáticas e as relações entre línguas e culturas que essas diferenças podem evidenciar.
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMANFAATAN PUSAT INFORMASI DAN KONSELING REMAJA (PIK-R) PADA REMAJA DI SMA N 1 SANDEN
Authors: Fadzilla Vichi , Djannah Sitti Nur
Published: February 2020

Background: Teenagers have a very complex problem along with the transmission period they experienced. In general, adolescents expressed the need for reproductive health services that is equal to 94.55% of the total respondents. Only a few respondents stated that they had used a youth service center that was 23.42%. Utilization of Youth Information and Counseling Center is still very low in Indonesia. Strategies to improve the utilization of the Youth Information and Counseling Center are urgently needed. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and role of peer educators with the utilization of PIK-R in adolescents in SMA N 1 Sanden. Method: This research is a quantitative analytical research with cross sectional approach. Sampling using purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 75 members of PIK-R in SMA N 1 Sanden. Measurement of variables using questionnaires and tested using Chi square test. Results: The results of this study indicate that the role of peer educators has a significant relationship with the utilization of PIK-R (p = 0.008), no knowledge relation (p = 0.218) and attitudes about reproductive health (p = 0.072) with PIK-R utilization. Peer educator role variables have RP = 2.323 (95% CI = 1.284-4.202) more than the number 1 means peer educator role is really risk factor. Knowledge and attitude variable have RP value = 0.590 (95% CI = 0.278-1.252) and RP = 1.798 (95% CI = 1.029-3.143). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the role of peer educators and the utilization of PIK-R in adolescents in SMA N 1 Sanden.
Laser with 10−13 short-term instability for compact optically pumped cesium beam atomic clock
Authors: Shang Haosen , Zhang Tongyun , Miao Jianxiang , Shi Tiantian , Pan Duo , Zhao Xingwen , Wei Qiang , Yang Lin , Chen Jingbiao
Published: February 2020

We realize a high-stability laser by modulation transfer spectroscopy and apply it to implement a high-performance compact optically pumped cesium beam atomic clock. Evaluated by the optical heterodyne method with two identical frequency-stabilized lasers, the frequency instability of the 852 nm laser directly referenced on thermal atoms is 2.6×10−13 at the averaging time of 5 s. Factors degrading the frequency stability of the laser are analyzed, and we will further control it to reduce the frequency noise of the laser. By comparing with a Hydrogen maser, the measured Allan deviation of the high-stability-laser-based cesium beam atomic clock is 2

×

10

−
12

/

τ

, dropping to 1×10−14 in less than half a day of averaging time. To our knowledge, the Allan deviation of our cesium clock is better than that of any reported compact cesium beam atomic clocks at the averaging time of half-day. The high-performance atomic clock can promote the fields in metrology and timekeeping, and the high-stability laser additionally possesses great potential to be a compact optical frequency standard.
Optical frequency distribution using laser repeater stations with planar lightwave circuits
Authors: Akatsuka Tomoya , Goh Takashi , Imai Hiromitsu , Oguri Katsuya , Ishizawa Atsushi , Ushijima Ichiro , Ohmae Noriaki , Takamoto Masao , Katori Hidetoshi , Hashimoto Toshikazu , Gotoh Hideki , Sogawa Tetsuomi
Published: February 2020

We report a cascaded optical fiber link which connects laboratories in RIKEN, the University of Tokyo, and NTT within a 100-km region using a transfer light at 1397 nm, a subharmonic of the Sr clock frequency. The multiple cascaded link employing several laser repeater stations benefits from a wide feedback bandwidth for fiber noise compensation, which allows constructing optical lattice clock networks based on the master-slave configuration. We developed the laser repeater stations based on planar lightwave circuits to significantly reduce the interferometer noise for improved link stability. We implemented a 240-km-long cascaded link in a UTokyo–NTT–UTokyo loop using light sent from RIKEN via a 30-km-long link. In environments with large fiber noise, the link instability is 3 × 10−16 at an averaging time of 1 s and reaches 1 × 10−18 at 2,600 s.
Coherent imager module with a large field of view for synthetic aperture interferometry applications
Authors: Garcia-Armenta J. , Ruiz P. D. , Coupland J. M. , Coggrave C. R. , Middleton R. J. C.
Published: February 2020

Optical areal profilometry of large precision-engineered surfaces require high-resolution measurements over large fields of view. Synthetic Aperture Interferometry (SAI) offers an alternative to the conventional approach of stitching small fields of view (FOV) obtained with Coherent Scanning Interferometry (CSI) using high-NA objectives. In SAI, low-resolution digital holograms are recorded for different illumination and observation directions and they are added coherently to produce a high-resolution reconstruction over a large FOV. This paper describes the design, fabrication and characterization of a large FOV, compact and low-cost coherent imager (CI) as a building block of a coherent sensor array for a SAI system. The CI consists of a CMOS photodetector array with 1.12 µm pixel pitch, a square entrance pupil and a highly divergent reference beam that emerges from a pinhole milled with a focused ion beam on the cylindrical cladding at the tip of an optical fibre. In order to accurately reconstruct the digital holograms, the wavefront of the reference beam is estimated by localizing the reference source relative to the photodetector array. This is done using an optimization approach that simultaneously reconstructs plane waves that reach the aperture from 121 different illumination directions and guarantees a phase root-mean-squared (RMS) error of less than a fifth of the wavelength across the CI entrance pupil at a boundary of the FOV. The CI performance is demonstrated with a holographic reconstruction of a 0.110 m wide object placed at a distance of 0.085 m, i.e. a FOV = ±0.57 rad, the highest reported to date with a holographic camera.
Fused silica ablation by double femtosecond laser pulses: influence of polarization state
Authors: Gaudfrin Kevin , Lopez John , Mishchik Konstantin , Gemini Laura , Kling Rainer , Duchateau Guillaume
Published: February 2020

Glass processing is a subject of high interest for many industrial fields such as optics manufacturing, smart electronics or medical devices. With respect to nanosecond technology, the use of femtosecond lasers allows to achieve high processing quality thanks to nonlinear absorption properties. Nevertheless, the throughput of femtosecond processing is still very low when compared to other laser technologies. Temporal and spatial pulse shaping is a smart and flexible solution to further increase the efficiency of femtosecond laser processing by driving efficiently both electron dynamics and absorption involved during laser irradiation. In the present work, the effect of temporal pulse shaping on fused silica ablation is investigated by single-wavelength (1030nm) double femtosecond pulses pump-pump experiment. Two sub-pulses are focused on the top surface of fused silica with two different polarization configurations: (i) orthogonally-crossed linear polarization or (ii) counter-rotating circular polarization. The investigated parameters are the pulse-to-pulse delay, set with a delay line, the total fluence and the polarization configuration. The results are discussed in term of optical transmission, modification and ablation thresholds, and ablated volume. A numerical model describing the electron dynamics and the absorbed energy density is also presented to support interpretation of experimental results. It is demonstrated that pulse-to-pulse delay has a major influence on ablated volume, modification and ablation threshold. Polarization state has also, to a lesser extent, a significant influence on ablated volume. Their cooperative effect on the ablation efficiency is discussed.
Second-order moiré method for accurate deformation measurement with a large field of view
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Okumura Shigesato , Ri Shien , Xia Peng , Tsuda Hiroshi , Ogihara Shinji
Published: February 2020

In this study, we propose a second-order moiré method by performing digital sampling at two stages to realize high-accuracy deformation measurement in a wide field of view, where a grid image is recorded at a low magnification. Simulations have verified that this method has high strain measurement accuracy when the grid pitch is close to or even smaller than two pixels for both parallel and oblique grids with random noise. As an application, the two-dimensional microscale strain distributions of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic specimen when the grid pitch was about 2.1 pixels were presented. Shear strain concentration was detected before an interlaminar crack emerged, and tensile strain concentration was found prior to the occurrence of a transverse crack. The proposed method makes the two-step phase-shifting technique achieved indirectly, not only enlarging the field of view, but also maintaining the measurement accuracy.
Nanopartículas de plata como agente antibacteriano en infecciones óseas
Authors: González-Jiménez Adela , García Ana
Published: February 2020

El envejecimiento progresivo de la población y el aumento de las afecciones articulares degenerativas generan un incremento en las patologías óseas, comprometiendo al aparato locomotor. Esto da lugar a un aumento de fracturas y defectos óseos, difíciles de tratar en algunos casos.Los avances en la ciencia de materiales y la biomedicina son determinantes en este ámbito, ya que buscan diseñar nuevos biomateriales para posteriormente implantarlos con el fin de reemplazar, reparar y regenerar el tejido óseo dañado. Sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones, su aplicación clínica puede presentar varios problemas. Uno de estos problemas es la posible infección bacteriana tras la intervención quirúrgica, que generaría la formación de un biofilm. Esto puede inhibir el efecto de antibióticos en esa zona, requiriendo una segunda intervención quirúrgica. La plata es un agente citotóxico que podría utilizarse como medida preventiva para evitar la formación de un biofilm bacteriano en implantes, mediante su incorporación al propio biomaterial.El propósito de este trabajo es documentar el uso de las nanopartículas de plata metálica como agente antibacteriano. Se indicará su  mecanismo de acción frente a las bacterias y su posible toxicidad en el organismo humano.
Hábitos de actividad física y factores relacionados en adolescentes
Authors: Martín Gómez Estela , Mateos Campos Ramona
Published: February 2020

La relación entre la práctica de actividad física y la alimentación en adolescentes permite establecer patrones de vida saludables que mejoran la salud en la edad adulta.Este estudio describe los hábitos de actividad física de un grupo de adolescentes divididos por la edad, a los que se aplicó una encuesta de 19 preguntas para determinar intensidad, frecuencia y tipo de actividad física; evaluar los niveles de vida sedentaria, y valorar el patrón alimentario.Existen diferencias significativas en la frecuencia e intensidad del ejercicio físico, los chicos realizan un ejercicio vigoroso-enérgico, mientras que las chicas realizan un ejercicio moderado. Durante el tiempo libre, un pequeño grupo de chicos realizan deporte y las chicas dan un paseo, sin embargo, la mayoría prefiere usar su móvil.Una significativa proporción de adolescentes no desayunan por la mañana, principalmente chicas. Existen diferencias en el patrón alimentario en el consumo de carne, fruta, galletas o bollos.Aunque la mayoría de adolescentes practican actividad física, no son suficientemente activos y, con la edad, empeoran los hábitos, por lo que se debe concienciar de mantener una práctica diaria, disminuir las horas con el móvil y mejorar los hábitos alimentarios.