bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical prediction of the deformation behavior of headed studs in monotonic push-out tests
Authors: Xu Xiaoqing , Liu Yuqing
Published: January 2019

The deformation behavior of headed studs is an important issue in the design of steel and concrete composite structures. In recent years, there is a rapid increase in the application of headed stud shear connectors in new types of concrete such as crumb rubber concrete and ultrahigh-performance concrete. In this article, totally 154 monotonic push-out tests from the literature on experiments of headed stud in various types of concrete were gathered and evaluated with the aim to study the deformation behavior of headed studs. As a result of a careful analysis on the effects of stud diameter and concrete properties on the shear stiffness of studs through the historic database, a new equation for shear stiffness was proposed. The new formula is a reasonably good predictor and is suitable for studs with a diameter ranging from 10 to 30 mm in the concrete with cylinder compressive strength ranging from 22.0 to 200.0 MPa. New formula for the load-slip curve of headed stud which includes a parameter related to the shear stiffness was also proposed. It can give good prediction for the slip not only at low load level but also large load level.
Investigation of the fluctuation of the static axial rigidity for double-nut preloaded ball screws
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhou Chang-guang , Ou Yi
Published: January 2019

This article aims to investigate the fluctuation of the static rigidity for preloaded ball screws. Based on the correlation between preload and friction torque, a new model to calculate the contact rigidity by friction torque is proposed. Meanwhile, a novel test bench is constructed to measure the static stiffness at different positions. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical values, which proves the validity of the model. Furthermore, it is found that the screw shaft rigidity has the greatest influence on the system stiffness fluctuation, compared to the bearing rigidity, and the torsional rigidity. For the feed system, increasing the bearing rigidity, which is the lowest stiffness of the whole system, is an effective method to increase the system stiffness. The study provides an accurate method to obtain the stiffness fluctuation in the effective travel of ball screws, which is significant for improving the positioning accuracy of ball screws and computer numerical control machine tools.
Energy performance and flow characteristics of a multiphase pump with different tip clearance sizes
Authors: Zhang Jinsong , Fan Honggang , Zhang Wei , Xie Zhifeng
Published: January 2019

Deep sea oil resources worldwide possess great potential for exploration; however, multiphase medium technology requires urgent development. The multiphase pump has achieved great success as one of the most advanced machinery in underwater oil and gas exploration. Tip clearance is inevitable between the rotating and stationary components of the multiphase pump. In this study, tip clearance sizes of 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 mm are selected to investigate the effect of tip clearance on energy performance and flow characteristics of a multiphase pump. Results show that pressure rises decrease by 10.72%, 24.96%, and 41.39% with gas volume fraction = 0% under different tip clearance sizes, while the pressure rises decrease by 17.10%, 25.35%, and 38.11% with gas volume fraction = 10%. The dominant frequencies and maximum amplitudes of pressure fluctuation rise with the increase in tip clearance. The entrainment effect between the tip leakage flow and main flow in the impeller strengthens with the increase in tip clearance size; the induced vortex area and leakage flow rate also increase.
Analysis of mechanical properties of different volleyballs
Authors: Schneider Florian , MacDonald Kerry , Reimer Doug , Melnyk Angela D , Oxland Thomas R
Published: January 2019

Concussions are becoming an increasingly important issue in sports, especially in an area like volleyball that, until recently, seemed less prone to such injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the coefficient of restitution and basic mechanical properties of standardized volleyballs, including stiffness and hysteresis, dependent on different influencing factors. A drop test was performed to calculate the coefficient of restitution based on the time of flight of the ball between the first and second bounce. This was detected using a microphone with a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz. To determine the mechanical properties, a materials testing machine applied a compression force until a deformation of 50 mm was achieved. These data were sampled with a frequency of 12.5 kHz. The results showed that the three analysed factors in this study, including the ball model, gauge pressure, and incident velocity, had a significant influence on the coefficient of restitution. Therefore, the amount of energy dissipation during an impact situation at low velocities was significantly different within the tested sample of official standardized volleyballs. The stiffness and hysteresis of the volleyballs also varied significantly. These basic mechanical findings raise an interesting question as to whether the investigated factors are appropriate to predict forces acting on the head during a high velocity collision (25–30 m/s), ultimately resulting in a risk of concussion.
Acupuncture and related therapies for treating irritable bowel syndrome: overview of systematic reviews and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Irene X. Y. , Wong Charlene H. L. , Ho Robin S. T. , Cheung William K. W. , Ford Alexander C. , Wu Justin C. Y. , Mak Arthur D. P. , Cramer Holger , Chung Vincent C. H.
Published: January 2019

Background:

An overview of systematic reviews (SRs) and a network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of acupuncture and related therapies used either alone, or as an add-on to other irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) treatments.

Methods:

A total of eight international and Chinese databases were searched for SRs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The methodological quality of SRs was appraised using the AMSTAR instrument. From the included SRs, data from RCTs were extracted for the random-effect pairwise meta-analyses. An NMA was used to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different treatment options. The risk of bias among included RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.

Results:

From 15 SRs of mediocre quality, 27 eligible RCTs ( n = 2141) were included but none performed proper blinding. Results from pairwise meta-analysis showed that both needle acupuncture and electroacupuncture were superior in improving global IBS symptoms when compared with pinaverium bromide. NMA results showed needle acupuncture plus Geshanxiaoyao formula had the highest probability of being the best option for improving global IBS symptoms among 14 included treatment options, but a slight inconsistency exists.

Conclusion:

The risk of bias and NMA inconsistency among included trials limited the trustworthiness of the conclusion. Patients who did not respond well to first-line conventional therapies or antidepressants may consider acupuncture as an alternative. Future trials should investigate the potential of (1) acupuncture as an add-on to antidepressants and (2) the combined effect of Chinese herbs and acupuncture, which is the norm of routine Chinese medicine practice.
Human tissue kallikrein in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Alexander-Curtis Michelle , Pauls Rick , Chao Julie , Volpi John J , Bath Philip M , Verdoorn Todd A.
Published: January 2019

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. The most severe form of stroke results from large vessel occlusion of the major branches of the Circle of Willis. The treatment strategies currently available in western countries for large vessel occlusion involve rapid restoration of blood flow through removal of the offending blood clot using mechanical or pharmacological means (e.g. tissue plasma activator; tPA). This review assesses prospects for a novel pharmacological approach to enhance the availability of the natural enzyme tissue kallikrein (KLK1), an important regulator of local blood flow. KLK1 is responsible for the generation of kinins (bradykinin and kallidin), which promote local vasodilation and long-term vascularization. Moreover, KLK1 has been used clinically as a direct treatment for multiple diseases associated with impaired local blood flow including AIS. A form of human KLK1 isolated from human urine is approved in the People’s Republic of China for subacute treatment of AIS. Here we review the rationale for using KLK1 as an additional pharmacological treatment for AIS by providing the biochemical mechanism as well as the human clinical data that support this approach.
The incidence of infection in routine knee arthroscopy without the use of prophylactic antibiotics is low
Authors: Lai Mun Chun , Yeo William , Tan Andrew Hwee Chye
Published: January 2019

Background:

The use of prophylactic antibiotics in routine knee arthroscopy remains prevalent despite previous evidence suggesting that it may not be necessary, and may indeed carry more risks than benefits. This study aims to determine the incidence of surgical site infections in patients undergoing routine knee arthroscopy without prophylactic antibiotics.

Methods:

This is a retrospective review of 553 consecutive patients who underwent routine knee arthroscopy from 2004 to 2013 by a single fellowship-trained sports surgeon in a single institution. The spectrum of cases included arthroscopic meniscectomy, meniscal repair, microfracture, chondroplasty, removal of loose bodies and lateral retinacular release. No patient received any prophylactic antibiotics. Patient demographics and comorbidities were reviewed and all patients were followed up postoperatively for a minimum of two years. All postoperative complications were recorded.

Results:

There were 349 male and 204 female patients. The mean age was 41.8 years (SD 14.8) and mean operative time was 30.4 minutes (SD 12.3). Two healthy young patients developed postoperative superficial wound infection within one week after surgery, but recovered with outpatient oral antibiotic treatment. The overall infection rate was 0.36%. No cases of deep infection were reported.

Conclusion:

This study showed a very low rate of surgical site infections, comparable with known rates following such operations. This suggests that prophylactic antibiotics are not necessary and avoids the known risks associated with their use.
Pedometer-determined physical activity among primary schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Wee Bee Suan , Bulgiba Awang , Ruzita Abd. Talib , Ismail Mohd. Noor , Poh Bee Koon
Published: January 2019

Objective:

The aim of this study was to objectively measure physical activity and its association with sociodemographic factors among Malaysian primary school-age children.

Methods:

A total of 111 primary school children in Kuala Lumpur were selected through random sampling. Activity pattern was determined using pedometers and differences by sex, ethnicity and body mass index categories were analysed. The relationship between pedometer-determined physical activity and sociodemographic factors were also studied.

Results:

Overall, boys attained significantly higher daily step counts than girls (9573 ± 4145 vs 7313 ± 2697). Significant difference in daily step counts between boys and girls were observed during weekdays ( p<0.01), weekends ( p<0.05) and total mean step counts ( p<0.01). Malay ethnicity showed higher daily step counts during weekdays than weekends ( p<0.05). Compared with boys, girls had higher odds (OR=5.58; 95% CI 1.12, 27.77) of not meeting the recommended daily step counts. Those who had low physical activity levels had higher odds (OR=15.75; 95% CI 1.78, 139.33) of not meeting recommended daily step counts than children who had moderate physical activity level.

Conclusion:

Boys were significantly more active than girls and physical activity was greater during weekdays than on weekends. The primary schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur were sedentary, with minimum physical activity being observed. Differences in sexes and physical activity levels influenced pedometer step counts in children.
Medication safety in emergency medical services: approaching an evidence-based method of verification to reduce errors
Authors: Misasi Paul , Keebler Joseph R.
Published: January 2019

Lack of verification is often cited as a root cause of medication errors; however, medication errors occur in spite of conventional verification practices and it appears that human factors engineering (HFE) can inform the design of a more effective method. To this end, an HFE-driven process was designed and implemented in an urban, Midwestern emergency medical service agency. Medication error data were collected over a 54-month period, 27 months before and after implementation. A decrease in the average monthly error rate was realized for all medications administered (49.0%) during the post-intervention time period. The average monthly error rate for fentanyl, a commonly administered analgesic, demonstrated a 71.1% error rate decrease. This study is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of a team-based cross-check process for medication verification to prevent errors in the prehospital setting.
Temporal trends in management and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome according to body mass index
Authors: Rozenbaum Zach , Klein Eyal , Cohen Tal , Shlomo Nir , Pereg David , Shuvy Mony
Published: January 2019

Background

Obesity is a major public health concern. We sought to investigate temporal trends in characteristics and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome patients according to body mass index.

Methods

The study population consisted of patients who were included in the Acute Coronary Syndromes Israeli Surveys during 2000–2016. Patients were categorised into three groups according to body mass index: below 25 kg/m2, 25–30 kg/m2 (overweight) and above 30 kg/m2 (obese). Among each body mass index group the outcomes of two time frames were compared – early (2000–2006) versus late (2008–2016).

Results

Overall 12,167 patients were included. Between the years 2000 and 2016, the percentage of obese patients increased from 20% to 30%. Obese patients were more frequently selected for an invasive approach, and had the lowest all-cause mortality rates. A significant reduction in 1-year mortality in recent compared to early surveys among patients with body mass index less than 25 kg/m2 and in obese patients but not for overweight patients was shown. Multivariable analysis showed that body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2 was associated with 30% lower 1-year mortality (hazard ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.90, P=0.005).

Conclusion

The prevalence of obesity among acute coronary syndrome patients has increased over the past two decades. A reduction of all-cause mortality was mainly seen in lean and obese patients.
Association of genetic polymorphisms of estrogen and progesterone receptors and endometriosis: Meta-analysis
Authors: Carneiro Priscila Prais , de Oliveira Bruna Vicente , Cordeiro Silva Antonio Marcio Teodoro
Published: January 2019

Purpose:

To investigate the association between polymorphisms in the genes of estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, and progesterone receptor and the genesis of endometriosis.

Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published fully in the PubMed database, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, from 2006 to 2017, using the descriptors: “endometriosis,” “polymorphism,” “ESR1,” “ESR2,” “PROGINS,” “rs9340799,” “rs4986938,” and “rs1042838.”

Results:

A total of 20 studies were included based on the criterion of search for susceptibility to endometriosis related to polymorphisms of estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, and progesterone receptor genes. Analysis of all polymorphisms found no association with endometriosis.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis showed that estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, and progesterone receptor polymorphisms are not related to susceptibility to endometriosis. However, such results may be able to provide more detailed interpretations of how they influence the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Challenges Evaluation for Adoption of SCP Practices in Footwear Industry of Bangladesh: A DEMATEL Approach
Authors: Ali Kauser , Moktadir Md. Abdul , Shaikh Aftab Ali , Deb Amal Kanti , Rashed-Ul-Islam Md.
Published: January 2019

The footwear industry needs a sustainable business environment due to its remarkable contributions to the economic growth of a country. Sustainable consumption and production (SCP) practices in the footwear industry can act as a pivotal driving factor for sustainable development in footwear sector of Bangladesh. The implementation of SCP practices is not an easy task for the footwear industry since there are numerous challenges in the existing supply chain. Meanwhile, the literature reveals that the lack of studies on relevant industry motivates to carry out this research. Therefore, this research focuses on the state-of-the-art literature by identifying and finding interactions among challenges to SCP practices in the footwear supply chain. Five experts from five reputed and export-oriented footwear industries were assigned to find out the challenges regarding the SCP implementation and the most important 10 challenges were identified based on experts’ feedback. To assess the cause–effect relationship among challenges, a decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique, a powerful decision-making tool which can find the interactions among factors, was employed. In this study, results showed that five challenges were identified as causal group challenges and remaining five identified as effect group challenges. The causal challenges are lack of top management commitment, absence of market information of green products, inadequate training facility on SCP, motivational gap among consumers, and lack of rules and regulations on SCP practices. Those challenges have net positive influence on effect group challenges such as poor compliance practices, lack of latest technological facility, lack of acceptance on green products, lack of reverse logistics facility, and poor linkage and coordination among lead firms. These results will assist decision-makers to make strategic policy regarding implementing SCP in the footwear supply chain. This study is the first one which deals with the importance of SCP practices in the context of footwear industry, and it is also important for the sustainable development of footwear sector of Bangladesh.
Sex Knowledge and Attitude Among Medical Interns in a Tertiary Care Hospital Attached to Medical College in Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Authors: Kacha Tanvi G. , Lakdawala Bhaveshkumar M.
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Sexuality is one of the most basic human experiences. But in India, there are many myths and misconceptions about sexuality. Poor sex knowledge causes many of these problems. Liberal attitude without adequate knowledge is harmful. As a future frontier of health care, medical interns play an important role to improve knowledge and attitude. But, in India, very few students can communicate about sexuality, and friends and pornographic materials remain as common sources of sex knowledge, which are unreliable.

Aims: To asses sex knowledge and attitude among medical interns and find its correlation with sociodemographic details.

Materials and Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 interns using a Sex Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire II (SKAQ II). Data was analyzed by MS Excel for Windows. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Mean age of interns was 22 ± 0.89 yrs. Mean score of sex knowledge of males was 25.47 ± 4.44, whereas that of females was 24.88 ± 4.77. Females had more knowledge of menstrual cycle and conception. Males had better knowledge regarding sexual acts in adolescence and its effects on marriage life. Sex knowledge and attitude were moderately correlated. Males had a liberal attitude, especially about abortion and masturbation.

Conclusion: The result revealed a need to improve sex knowledge and attitude among medical interns through sex education and adding sex education sessions in the teaching curriculum. Better knowledge and positive attitudes toward sex will be beneficial to the interns and the whole society.
Collaborative Project Delivery Models and the Role of Routines in Institutionalizing Partnering
Authors: Bygballe Lena E. , Swärd Anna
Published: January 2019

It is widely held that collaborative project delivery models, such as partnering, represent a key means of improving construction project performance. Institutionalizing these models in practice, however, is not straightforward. We suggest that the (in)ability to establish new routines may be one reason for the variance in partnering outcomes. Based on a study of a partnering project, we develop a model of how partnering is institutionalized through the establishment of routines, enabled through common understanding and truces between the partners’ interests. The model illustrates how such routines develop through a balance between top-down structural interventions and emergent social learning processes.
Comparison of microstructural features of three compacted and water-saturated swelling clays: MX-80 bentonite and Na- and Ca-purified bentonite
Authors: Matusewicz Michał , Olin Markus
Published: January 2019

The planned final disposal repositories of spent nuclear fuel in several countries, including Finland, pose significant scientific challenges due to their extremely long lifespan. One of the key materials proposed for use in Posiva Oy's repository in Finland is MX-80 bentonite in a compacted, water-saturated state. Border cases of calcium and sodium forms of purified bentonite were included in this study. The MX-80 in the repository is expected to undergo cation exchange due to the composition of the groundwater. The clays were studied at different dry densities between 0.7 and 1.6 g cm–3. The microstructure of the water-saturated, compacted clays was investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, atomic force microscopy was used to characterize the shape and size of the fine-fraction clay platelets. As expected, the average shape of the fine fractions was smaller than the bulk material, but a more elongated shape was present in the purified material. Mainly due to sample density, the pore structure was noticeably different for the Na form of purified bentonite at 0.7 g cm–3density, but at higher degrees of compaction, no significant differences were noted between the samples. The laboratory results obtained in this study could be useful for safety and performance analysis of this high-level waste repository where sodium bentonite is used and is expected to change its charge-compensating cation composition during the repository's lifetime. Microstructural data may be used in modelling of diffusion and sorption by surface complexation modelling, for example, or as a basis for mechanical and water transport models.
Belomarinaite KNa(SO4): A new sulfate from 2012–2013 Tolbachik Fissure eruption, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia
Authors: Filatov Stanislav K. , Shablinskii Andrey P. , Vergasova Lidiya P. , Saprikina Olga U. , Bubnova Rimma S. , Moskaleva Svetlana V. , Belousov Alexander B.
Published: January 2019

Belomarinaite, ideally KNaSO4, is a new sulfate mineral discovered in the Toludskoe lava field, formed during the 2012–2013 Tolbachik Fissure eruption. The mineral occurs as arborescent aggregates of tabular crystals (1 mm × 0.3 mm × 0.1 mm) comprising hematite impurities. The average size of the aggregates is 0.5–0.7 mm. The empirical formula is (K0.95Na0.92Cu0.04)Σ1.91S1.01O4. The crystal structure of belomarinaite was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data; the space group isP3m1,a= 5.6072(3),c= 7.1781(4) Å,V= 195.45(2) Å3,Z= 2 andR1= 2.6%. In the crystal structure of belomarinaite, there are six cation sites: the[4]S1 and[4]S2 sites are occupied by S, the[6]Na and[12]K sites are occupied by Na and K, respectively, giving Na0.5K0.5apfu and the[10]M1 and[10]M2 sites are occupied by Na0.78K0.22and K0.78Na0.22apfu, respectively. The crystal structure is a framework of SO4tetrahedra, Na octahedra and K,M1 andM2 polyhedra. Belomarinaite is isostructural with the synthetic compound KNaSO4. In belomarinaite, Na and K are disordered overM1 andM2 sites; in its synthetic analogue, Na and K are ordered overM1 andM2 sites, respectively. The Mohs’ hardness is 2–3. The mineral is uniaxial (+), with ω = 1.485(3) and ε = 1.488(3) (λ = 589 nm). The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 4.022(31)(101); 3.591(26)(002); 2.884(74)(102); 2.800(100)(110); 2.391(16)(003); 2.296(8)201; 2.008(38)(022); and 1.634(10)(212). The mineral was named in honour of Russian volcanologist Marina Gennadievna Belousova (b. 1960) for her significant contributions to the monitoring of the Tolbachik Fissure eruption.
Photoplethysmographic determination of the respiratory rate in acutely ill patients: validation of a new algorithm and implementation into a biomedical device
Authors: L’Her Erwan , N’Guyen Quang-Thang , Pateau Victoire , Bodenes Laetitia , Lellouche François
Published: January 2019

Background

Respiratory rate is among the first vital signs to change in deteriorating patients. The aims of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of respiratory rate measurements using a specifically dedicated reflection-mode photoplethysmographic signal analysis in a pathological condition (PPG-RR) and to validate its implementation within medical devices.

Methods

This study is derived from a data mining project, including all consecutive patients admitted to our ICU (ReaSTOC study, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02893462). During the evaluation phase of the algorithm, PPG-RR calculations were retrospectively performed on PPG waveforms extracted from the data warehouse and compared with RR reference values. During the prospective phase, PPG-RR calculations were automatically and continuously performed using a dedicated device (FreeO2, Oxynov, Québec, QC, Canada). In all phases, reference RR was measured continuously using electrical thoracic impedance and chronometric evaluation (Manual-RR) over a 30-s period.

Results

In total, 201 ICU patients’ recordings (SAPS II 51.7 ± 34.6) were analysed during the retrospective evaluation phase, most of them being admitted for a respiratory failure and requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. PPG-RR determination was available in 95.5% cases, similar to reference (22 ± 4 vs. 22 ± 5 c/min, respectively;p = 1), and well correlated with reference values (R = 0.952;p < 0.0001), with a low bias (0.1 b/min) and deviation (± 3.5 b/min). Prospective estimation of the PPG-RR on 30 ICU patients’ recordings was well correlated with the reference method (Manual-RR;r = 0.78;p < 0.001). Comparison of the methods depicted a low bias (0.5 b/min) and acceptable deviation (< ± 5.5 b/min).

Conclusion

According to our results, PPG-RR is an interesting approach for ventilation monitoring, as this technique would make simultaneous monitoring of respiratory rate and arterial oxygen saturation possible, thus minimizing the number of sensors attached to the patient.

Trial registry numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02893462
What is the evidence that ecosystem components or functions have an impact on infectious diseases? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Lugassy Léa , Amdouni-Boursier Ludivine , Alout Haoues , Berrebi Romuald , Boëte Christophe , Boué Franck , Boulanger Nathalie , Cosson Jean-François , Durand Thierry , de Garine-Wichatitsky Michel , Larrat Sylvain , Moinet Marie , Moulia Catherine , Pagès Nonito , Plantard Olivier , Robert Vincent , Livoreil Barbara
Published: January 2019

Background

Many infectious pathogens can be transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa, or by animals (especially arthropods) to humans. Such diseases are called zoonotic and/or vector-borne diseases. To control or prevent them, it is often recommended to target population reduction of host or vector species, through preventive culling or insecticide use for example. But these types of destructive interventions have shown several limits altering their efficiency, including acquired resistance of arthropods to insecticides, unpredicted change in the ecology of host populations, unexpected negative functional consequences on ecosystems, as well as economic embrittlement when livestock is concerned. An alternative pathway of action would be to rely on the functioning of ecosystems, and on their careful management, to regulate diseases and thus reduce their impact on human health. In this perspective, a thorough evaluation of the conditions that can potentially promote such a positive regulation of infectious pathogens by ecosystems, and their efficiency, is needed. Here, we present the protocol of a systematic review that will evaluate the scientific evidence existing on potential links between ecosystem components or functions and 14 vector-borne and zoonotic diseases impacting human health.

Methods

We will search for studies that tested the effect of changes in (i) biological communities, and (ii) habitats and landscapes, on diseases. Scientific literature from 5 publication databases will be screened in a 3-rounds process: title, abstract and full-text screening. At each stage, articles will be either rejected or kept for the next round, depending on whether they fall in the exclusion or inclusion criteria. We will present results in two parts: a systematic map and a systematic review. The systematic map will present, for the 14 diseases, the number of publications, their geographical distribution, the type of ecosystem component/function they studied, as well as the host(s) in which epidemiological measurements have been performed. From this systematic map, we will identify groups of articles that allow for critical appraisal, i.e. groups of articles that studied the effect of the same ecosystem component/function on the same disease. Only those articles will be included in the systematic review. The validity of these articles will be assessed by critical appraisal and presented as a narrative synthesis with confidence levels.
Kisspeptin Stimulation of Prolactin Secretion Requires Kiss1 Receptor but Not in Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Aquino Nayara S S , Kokay Ilona C , Perez Carolina Thörn , Ladyman Sharon R , Henriques Patricia C , Silva Juneo F , Broberger Christian , Grattan David R , Szawka Raphael E
Published: January 2019

Kisspeptin has been shown to stimulate prolactin secretion. We investigated whether kisspeptin acts through the Kiss1 receptor (Kiss1r) to regulate dopamine and prolactin. Initially, we evaluated prolactin response in a Kiss1r-deficient mouse line, in which Kiss1r had been knocked into GnRH neurons (Kiss1r−/−R). Intracerebroventricular kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) increased prolactin release in wild-type but not in Kiss1r−/−R female mice. In ovariectomized, estradiol-treated rats, the Kiss1r antagonist kisspeptin-234 abolished the Kp-10–induced increase in prolactin release but failed to prevent the concomitant reduction in the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons, as determined by the 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratio in the median eminence. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in juvenile male rats, we found no direct effect of Kp-10 on the electrical activity of TIDA neurons. In addition, dual-label in situ hybridization in the hypothalamus of female rats showed that Kiss1r is expressed in the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (Pe) and arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) but not in tyrosine hydroxylase (Th)–expressing neurons. Kisspeptin also has affinity for the neuropeptide FF receptor 1 (Npffr1), which was expressed in the majority of Pe dopaminergic neurons but only in a low proportion of TIDA neurons in the ARC. Our findings demonstrate that Kiss1r is necessary to the effect of kisspeptin on prolactin secretion, although TIDA neurons lack Kiss1r and are electrically unresponsive to kisspeptin. Thus, kisspeptin is likely to stimulate prolactin secretion via Kiss1r in nondopaminergic neurons, whereas the colocalization of Npffr1 and Th suggests that Pe dopaminergic neurons may play a role in the kisspeptin-induced inhibition of dopamine release.
A qualitative exploration of factors affecting mothers of malnourished children under 5 years old in Kiribati
Authors: Reiher Antje , Mohammadnezhad Masoud
Published: January 2019

Background: In Kiribati, malnutrition is the leading cause of death for children aged less than 5 years. The purpose of this study was to explore contributing factors among mothers of malnourished children under 5 years old in Kiribati.

Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in an urban area of South Tarawa among mothers of malnourished children aged less than 5 years in 11 public health centers in 2016. The study included 9 focus group discussions, with a sub sample of 3 to 4 in each group, having a total of 35 participants. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, data was collected and thematic analysis was applied to analysis the data. 

Results: Seven main themes were identified including; knowledge, behaviors, perceived severity, perceived benefits to action, perceived barriers and cultural related issues. These encompassed a variety of reasons which could explain the malnutrition in children of those particular mothers.

Conclusion: In order to tackle malnutrition in Kiribati, it is crucial to identify the main factors that are hindering this preventable disease. This study provides information essential to enhanced decision making, health care delivery planning and has policy implications for the improvement of quality of health care in Kiribati.
Foreword / Eessõna / Eḑḑisõnā
Authors: Valts Ernštreits Valts , Pajusalu Karl
Published: January 2019

Foreword / Eessõna / Eḑḑisõnā
Demonstrative proadjectives in Livonian – morphosyntactic use and semantic functions
Authors: Tomingas Marili
Published: January 2019

In Livonian and other Finnic languages, demonstratives are a widely used and important group of words, often showing distal oppositions and other referential differences. Demonstrative proadjectives are a type of demonstrative word that has not been much researched thus far, as their meaning depends mostly on the other parts of the text. The present article describes the origin of Livonian demonstratives and focuses on demonstrative proadjectives and their use. Utilising example sentences from the Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary (Viitso, Ernštreits 2012), this study analyses the morphosyntactic use of demonstrative proadjectives and also makes observations on their semantic functions. For the morphosyntactic analysis, four parameters of demonstrative proadjectives are described: their attributiveness or non-attributiveness, their syntactic function, the case in which they are used, and their singular or plural use. In addition, observations on possible semantic functions are made using different types of sentences in which demonstrative proadjectives occur.Kokkuvõte. Marili Tomingas: Liivi demonstratiivsed proadjektiivid – morfosüntaktiline kasutus ja tähendusfunktsioonid. Artiklis kirjeldatakse liivi demonstratiivsete sõnade olemust ja kujunemist nelja ajaloolise läänemeresoome demonstratiivtüve põhjal, võrreldes lühidalt liivi keelt ka teiste läänemeresoome keeltega. Täpsemalt esitatakse liivi demonstratiivsete sõnade jaotus ning keskendutakse demonstratiivsete proadjektiivide grupile, mille tähendusi ja praktilist kasutust on seni vähe kirjeldatud proadjektiivide keerulise semantilise määratluse ning sagedase atributiivsuse tõttu. Demonstratiivsete proadjektiivide morfosüntaktilist kasutust ja funktsioone käsitletakse näitelausete põhjal, mis on võetud „Liivi-eesti-läti sõnaraamatust“ (Viitso, Ernštreits 2012), analüüsides demonstratiivsete proadjektiivide süntaktilisi positsioone, atributiivsust ja morfoloogiat. Samuti vaadeldakse demonstratiivsete proadjektiivide erinevaid semantilisi funktsioone.Märksõnad: demonstratiivid, proadjektiivid, morfoloogia, süntaks, semantika, liivi keelKubbõvõttõks. Marili Tomingas: Nägțijid azūmummitsõnād līvõ kīelsõ – morfosintaktili kȭlbatimi ja tǟntõkst funktsijd. Kēra tarmõb iļļõvaņtļimiz iļ līvõ kīel nägțijizt azūmsõnād ja nänt suggimiz nēļast nägțijiz sõnātõvstõ (*tämä, *taa, *too ja *se). Autor sēļțab, kui līvõ nägțijizt azūmsõņḑi um jaggõmõst, ja tuņšlõb jõ pīenõst nägțijiži azūmummitsõņdi, sīest nänt kȭlbatimizt ja tǟntõkši um siedaigsōņõ vel veitõ tuņšõltõd. Kēras um nǟdõb nägțijizt azūmummitsõnād morfosintakstili analīz ja tǟntõkst nägțõbõd. Autor um kubbõn analīzmaterjal pierāst nēļakimdõ kītõmt nägțijizt azūmummitsõnādõks “Līvõkīel-ēstikīellețkīel sõnārōntõst“ (Viitso, Ernštreits 2012).
МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С СИСТЕМНЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ СОЕДИНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ТКАНИ
Authors: Sidorova Tuyaara Nikiforovna , Pavlova Lora Igorevna
Published: January 2019

Цель исследования. В статье рассматривается системное заболевание соединительной ткани с точки зрения психологической составляющей, уделяется особое внимание механизмам психологической защиты, как факторам, определяющим психологические особенности пациентов.Метод или методология проведения работы. Для изучения механизмов психологической защиты была использована методика «Индекс жизненного стиля Плутчика – Келлермана – Конте» – опросник Life Style Index (адаптация Л.И. Вассермана). Для определения статистической значимости различий средних величин между экспериментальной и контрольной выборкой был использован t-критерий Стьюдента.Результаты. Были определены предпочитаемые механизмы психологической защиты у пациентов с СЗСТ такие как гиперкомпенсация, рационализация, регрессия и вытеснение. Выявлены значимые различия между здоровыми респондентами и пациентами с системными заболеваниями соединительной ткани в использовании базисных защит. Респонденты из контрольной группы в большей степени используют защиты, что является косвенным показателем дезадаптированной личности.Область применения результатов. Результаты могут быть использованы в рамках психологической реабилитации пациентов с СЗСТ.
A New Approach to Real-Time Bidding in Online Advertisements: Auto Pricing Strategy
Authors: Adikari Shalinda , Dutta Kaushik
Published: January 2019

Real-time bidding (RTB) for digital advertising is becoming the norm for improving advertisers’ campaigns. Unlike traditional advertising practices, in the process of RTB, the advertisement slots of a mobile application or a website are mapped to a particular advertiser through a real-time auction. The auction is triggered and is held for a few milliseconds after an application is launched. As one of the key components of the RTB ecosystem, the demand-side platform gives the advertisers a full pledge window to bid for available impressions. Because of the fast-growing market of mobile applications and websites, the selection of the most pertinent target audience for a particular advertiser is not a simple human-mediated process. The real-time programmatic approach has become popular instead. To address the complexity and dynamic nature of the RTB process, we propose an auto pricing strategy (APS) approach to determine the applications to bid for and their respective bid prices from the advertising agencies’ perspective. We apply the APS to actual RTB data and demonstrate how it outperforms the existing RTB approaches with a higher conversion rate for a lower target spend.

A video abstract is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0812 .
Temporary Mental Nerve Paraesthesia: a Complication of Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Sharkouskaya Yuliya , Read-Ward George Earl , Morton Alistair , McNair Annalise
Published: January 2019

This case report describes the management of a 16-year-old female patient who presented with mental nerve paraesthesia which developed during orthodontic treatment. The diagnosis was determined based on history taken, clinical and radiographic examination. Treatment involved removal of fixed appliances in the lower right quadrant, a referral to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department and regular follow-ups until full resolution of symptoms.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Isolated mental nerve paraesthesia requires prompt investigation. Although uncommon, it may occur as a result of orthodontic treatment. This case demonstrates and raises awareness to clinicians regarding its rare occurrence.
Urbandomèstic. El urbanismo de las producciones domésticas
Authors: García Marín Joaquín
Published: January 2019

Urbandomèstic es un proyecto de fin de carrera que nace de la investigación desarrollada durante el trabajo de fin de grado: “Reframed: relatos sobre arquitectura, género y ficción”. Este aglutinaba una serie de documentos alternativos a los de la disciplina arquitectónica: ilustraciones, descripciones literarias, narraciones, etc., que atestiguaban la necesidad de revisar la mirada con la que la Arquitectura de la Modernidad dio por cerrada la revolución doméstica. Urbandomèstic, al igual que reframed, toma los relatos de los usuarios de la ciudad contemporánea como su corpus fundamental de trabajo para trabajar a escala urbana. Toma como caso de estudio el municipio alicantino de Guardamar del Segura. Estudia una tipología, ahora en extinción, surgida tras un terremoto que en 1828 asoló la población. Esta tipología, surgida del Plan Larramendi de 1929, facilitaba unos patrones de relación entre lo doméstico, lo urbano y lo territorial extremadamente interesantes en clave ecológica y feminista, que se han ido desdibujando con la evolución de la ciudad durante el siglo XX. El trabajo analiza el estado actual, el resultado de la evolución de esta tipología, para relanzar luego estrategias arquitectónicas que reactiven la herencia genética más beligerante con el presente radical que nos ocupa, el Capitaloceno. Lo hace desarrollando prácticas arquitectónicas alternativas en las que se detectan flujos interesantes en los que el arquitecto se incorpora y redirige con el objetivo de relanzar hacia el futuro los patrones interesantes de la ciudad del plan inicial. El trabajo reivindica nuevos marcos de actuación en los que el urbanista no puede solo tener el plan, la norma y la administración como interlocutores, sino que debe saber trabajar con las redes de conocimiento, producción y relación del ámbito estudiado. Lo hace aportando al plan documentos valiosos como cartografías de las producciones domésticas, o de patrones interesantes de interacción como la persistencia de situaciones de economía directa, o la influencia del matriarcado. Toda esa información se deposita en un documento en sección que traza las estrategias de transformación urbana a partir de pequeñas modificaciones (denominadas pellejos simpoiéticos) de las tipologías actuales que inyectan en un proyecto arquitectónico los haceres cotidianos de los usuarios para apoderarse de la ciudad existente y transformarla de una manera situada y ecológicamente comprometida.
Los jóvenes se hacen con el museo. Pedagogías del empoderamiento
Authors: Montero Sierra María
Published: January 2019

Este análisis se centra en el proyecto pedagógico Circuit. Desarrollado por el museo londinense Tate y destinado a los jóvenes, se inscribe dentro de las metodologías de la liberación que subvierten el marco referencial clásico maestro-estudiante y suponen una apertura del canon sustentado por el museo. Esta apertura de estructuras y modelos pedagógicos debe entenderse dentro de un marco general que se infiltra en otras áreas del museo de arte, como en los departamentos curatoriales donde se le conoce como educational turn. Estas nuevas dinámicas —que en el ámbito nacional se ven en los proyectos Equipo Sub21 en el CA2M y Departamento Exotérico en el MACBA— permiten a su vez incidir en el carácter también económico que sustentan estas aperturas hacia afuera de la institución.
Comunidades artísticas universitarias. Respuestas parciales desde exterioridades críticas
Authors: Blasco Selina , Insúa Lila
Published: January 2019

El texto se plantea como un juego de preguntas/respuestas en el que situar piezas que componen comunidades de aprendizaje que relacionan la universidad con instancias que operan en el interior de otras instituciones, dibujando un afuera difuso que se relaciona críticamente con ella.
Hematologic changes and splenic index on malaria mice models given Syzygium cumini extract as an adjuvant therapy
Authors: Maslachah Lilik , Sugihartuti Rahmi , Wahyuni Retno Sri
Published: January 2019

Aim: This research aimed to determine the efficacy of Syzygium cumini L. as an adjuvant therapy on blood changes and splenic index of mice model malaria. Materials and Methods: Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml red blood cell (RBC) that contains 1×106 Plasmodium berghei. 35 mice were divided into seven treatment groups: Group K0: Mice were not infected; K1: Mice were infected; K2: Mice were infected and given chloroquine; P1: Mice were infected and given S. cumini leaf extract; P2: Mice were infected and given chloroquine and also S. cumini leaf extract; P3: Mice was infected and given S. cumini stem bark extract; and P4: Mice were infected and given chloroquine and S. cumini stem bark extract. Treatment was given for 4 days 24 h post-P. berghei infection. 21st day post-P. berghei infection, blood was taken from the heart for hematological examination, and the spleen was taken to examine the splenic index and also to measure the weight and length of the spleen. Hematological data and splenic index were analyzed by analysis of variance test, and if there is a difference, the test is continued by Duncan's multiple range test with 5% level. Results: The K0 group has normal hemoglobin (HGB), RBC, and hematocrit (HCT) and significantly different (p<0.05) than other groups. HGB, RBC, and HCT of K1 group were under normal range, lowest, and significantly different (p<0.05) than other groups. Mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular HGB values of K2 groups showed a decrease. The number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes of K1 groups was increasing and significantly different (p<0.05) with K2 and treatment group. The length, width, weight, and splenic index of K1 group were significantly different (p<0.05) with K0 group. K2 and treatment groups showed that the length and width of spleens were significantly different (p<0.05) with K1. Conclusion: The combination of chloroquine with leaf and chloroquine with stem bark extract of S. cumini as adjuvant therapy may increase the amount of erythrocyte; decrease the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes; and decrease the length, width, and splenic index on malaria mice models.
The optimization of immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of infections
Authors: Zemskov A. , Zemskov B. , Popov V. , Zemskova V. , Melikhova E.
Published: January 2019

When analyzing the literature and own data is characterized by classification, types of vaccines and serum drugs, indications, contraindications, methods of administration, the duration of the preservation effects, complications, methods of prevention and correction.