bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptable DNA interactions regulate surface triggered self assembly
Authors: Lanfranco Roberta , Jana Pritam Kumar , Bruylants Gilles , Cicuta Pietro , Mognetti Bortolo Matteo , Di Michele Lorenzo
Published: August 2020

Exploiting DNA-mediated multivalent interactions, we demonstrate the selective triggering of colloidal self-assembly in the presence of a functional surface.
Molecular engineering of stimuli-responsive, functional, side-chain liquid crystalline copolymers: synthesis, properties and applications
Authors: Ndaya Dennis , Bosire Reuben , Vaidya Samiksha , Kasi Rajeswari M.
Published: August 2020

This review describes recent progress made in designing stimuli-responsive, functional, side-chain, end-on mesogen attached liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs).
Defect-engineering a metal–organic framework for CO2 fixation in the synthesis of bioactive oxazolidinones
Authors: Helal Aasif , Cordova Kyle E. , Arafat Md. Eyasin , Usman Muhammad , Yamani Zain H.
Published: August 2020

Three-component, solvent-free cycloaddition of epoxides with aromatic amines and CO2.
Syndio-and cis-1,4 dually selective copolymerization of polar fluorostyrene and butadiene using rare-earth metal catalysts
Authors: Zhong Yuanhao , Wu Chunji , Cui Dongmei
Published: August 2020

Synthesizing functional butadiene–styrene rubber through coordination polymerization is a theoretical challenge for polymer science, since functional monomers usually deactivate to the applied catalysts.
Molecular networking-based for the target discovery of potent antiproliferative polycyclic macrolactam ansamycins from Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. asoensis
Authors: Liu Ling-Li , Chen Zhi-Fan , Liu Yao , Tang Dan , Gao Hua-Hua , Zhang Qiang , Gao Jin-Ming
Published: August 2020

Molecular networking-based for the target discovery of potent antiproliferative polycyclic macrolactam ansamycins.
An improved synthesis of the [5.6.7]-tricyclic core of cyrneine B and glaucopine C
Authors: Wu Guo-Jie , Han Xiu
Published: August 2020

A strategically new route for an efficient synthesis of [5.6.7]-tricyclic 9, which could serve as an advanced intermediate, was presented.
Standard Herzchirurgie: Aortenklappenersatz
Authors: Jankwitz Elisa
Published: August 2020

Im 7. Teil unserer Serie stellen wir Ihnen einen Standard aus dem Deutschen Herzzentrum Berlin vor: den Aortenklappenersatz über die mediane Sternotomie.
Das Berliner Notfallsieb
Authors: Zaiss Elke
Published: August 2020

Um keine wertvolle Zeit zu verlieren, müssen im Notfall die OP-Instrumente für die unterschiedlichsten Eingriffe übersichtlich und griffbereit sein. Deshalb wurde an der Charité Berlin das Berliner Notfallsieb entwickelt. Die Vorgabe lautete: So wenig wie möglich, aber so viel wie nötig in möglichst wenigen Containern unterzubringen.
Sex workers are returning to work and require enhanced support in the face of COVID-19: results from a longitudinal analysis of online sex work activity and a content analysis of safer sex work guidelines
Authors: Callander Denton , Meunier Étienne , DeVeau Ryan , Grov Christian , Donovan Basil , Minichiello Victor , Singham Goodwin Alicia , Duncan Dustin T.
Published: August 2020

Sex workers confront unique challenges in the face of COVID-19. Data from an international sex work website popular with cisgender men and transgender men and women suggest that, after a period of physical distancing, many sex workers are returning to in-person work: from May to August 2020, active sex work profiles increased 9.4% (P < 0.001) and newly created profiles increased by 35.6% (P < 0.001). Analysis of sex work and COVID-19 guidelines published by five community-based organisations found that they focused on altering sexual practices, enhancing hygiene and pivoting to virtual work. To capitalise on these guidelines, funding and research for implementation and evaluation are needed to support COVID-19 risk reduction strategies for sex workers.
Eliciting preferences for truth-telling in a survey of politicians
Authors: Janezic Katharina A. , Gallego Aina
Published: August 2020

Significance

Voters who would like to accurately evaluate the performance of politicians in office often rely on incomplete information and are uncertain whether politicians’ words can be trusted. Honesty is highly valued in politics because politicians who are averse to lying should in principle provide more trustworthy information. Despite the importance of honesty in politics, there is no scientific evidence on politicians’ lying aversion. We measured preferences for truth-telling in a sample of 816 elected politicians and study observable characteristics associated with honesty. We find that in our sample, politicians who are averse to lying have lower reelection rates, suggesting that honesty may not pay off in politics.
Variable constraints on se lo(s) in Mexican
Spanish
Authors: Schwenter Scott A. , Hoff Mark R.
Published: August 2020

We examine the alternation between normative
se lo/la and se los/las to
express a plural indirect object and singular direct object. Using
corpus data from Mexico City and Monterrey, we find that significant
predictors of the more frequent variant, se los,
are number of the verb, referential distance, and presence of a
dative prepositional phrase. Contra previous claims that se
los marks plurality in ambiguous dative referents, we
argue that it serves as an accessibility marker that makes a plural
referent more salient if not recently mentioned. Se
los is used most frequently with first-person singular
verbs, resulting in (near-)fixed expressions. These findings
demonstrate the sensitivity of Spanish clitics to
discourse-pragmatic context and highlight limitations of
sentence-level analysis of morphosyntactic variants.
Complex attitudes towards two sociolinguistic variables and their
social meanings
Authors: Delgado-Díaz Gibran , Galarza Iraida , Díaz-Campos Manuel
Published: August 2020

This study considers attitudes about variable
production of coda /ɾ/ and syllable-initial /r/ in Puerto Rico. Two
actors produced typical Puerto Rican allophonic variants of coda /ɾ/
and syllable-initial /r/. Indirect attitudes of sixteen urban
speakers were measured through a matched-guise task, and direct
attitudes were observed through an interview. For coda /ɾ/, the tap
received the highest overall rating, while for syllable-initial /r/,
the trill received higher ratings than the posterior /r/. In both
cases, men gave higher ratings in comparison to women. The indexical
field analysis showed that social meanings change according to the
social context in which individuals interact, helping to explain why
speakers use traditionally stigmatized forms, since they can also
express positive social meanings.
Declarative intonation in four Afro-Hispanic varieties
Authors: Korfhagen David , Rao Rajiv , Sessarego Sandro
Published: August 2020

This chapter studies declarative intonation using
the Autosegmental-Metrical model of intonational phonology in four
Afro-Hispanic varieties: Chinchano, Chocó, Chota Valley, and
Yungueño. We analyze the inventory of pitch accents, intermediate
phrase boundary tones and intonational phrase boundary tones in
declarative utterances extracted from spontaneous-speech corpora. The intonational inventories of these
Afro-Hispanic varieties are significantly reduced in comparison with
what has been observed in the declaratives of other native varieties
of Spanish. Our data imply that speakers’ patterns are the result of
a cross-generational transmission of simplified intonational
features, stemming from second-language acquisition strategies
rather than substrate influences.
Keyword analysis and the indexing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander identity
Authors: Bednarek Monika
Published: August 2020

This article presents a corpus-driven sociolinguistic study ofRedfern Now – the first major television drama series commissioned, written, acted, directed and produced by Indigenous industry professionals in Australia. The study examines whether corpus linguistic keyword analysis can identify evidence for type indexicality (social demographics, personae) and trait indexicality (stance, personality), with particular attention paid to the potential indexing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander identity. More specifically, the study’s goal is to retrieve and analyse words that are associated with varieties of English in Australia, and with Australian Aboriginal Englishes in particular. To this end, a corpus with dialogue fromRedfern Nowis compared to a reference corpus of US television dialogue. Results show thatRedfern Nowfeatures the use of easily recognisable and familiar words (e.g.blackfella[s],deadly; kinship terms), but also shows clear variation among characters. The case study concludes by evaluating the use of keyword analysis for identifying indexicality in telecinematic discourse.
Evidence for bosonic mode coupling in electron dynamics of LiFeAs superconductor*
Authors: Li Cong , Dai Guangyang , Cai Yongqing , Wang Yang , Wang Xiancheng , Gao Qiang , Liu Guodong , Huang Yuan , Wang Qingyan , Zhang Fengfeng , Zhang Shenjin , Yang Feng , Wang Zhimin , Peng Qinjun , Xu Zuyan , Jin Changqing , Zhao Lin , Zhou X J
Published: August 2020

Super-high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements are carried out on LiFeAs superconductor to investigate its electron dynamics. Three energy scales at ∼ 20 meV, ∼ 34 meV, and ∼ 55 meV are revealed for the first time in the electron self-energy both in the superconducting state and normal state. The ∼ 20 meV and ∼ 34 meV scales can be attributed to the coupling of electrons with sharp bosonic modes which are most likely phonons. These observations provide definitive evidence on the existence of mode coupling in iron-based superconductors.
A systematic study of light dependency of persistent photoconductivity in a-InGaZnO thin-film transistors*
Authors: Wang Yalan , Wang Mingxiang , Zhang Dongli , Wang Huaisheng
Published: August 2020

Persistent photoconductivity (PPC) effect and its light-intensity dependence of both enhancement and depletion (E-/D-) mode amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are systematically investigated. Density of oxygen vacancy (VO) defects of E-mode TFTs is relatively small, in which formation of the photo-induced metastable defects is thermally activated, and the activation energy (E
a) decreases continuously with increasing light-intensity. Density of VO defects of D-mode TFTs is much larger, in which the formation of photo-induced metastable defects is found to be spontaneous instead of thermally activated. Furthermore, for the first time it is found that a threshold dose of light-exposure is required to form fully developed photo-induced metastable defects. Under low light-exposure below the threshold, only a low PPC barrier is formed and the PPC recovery is fast. With increasing the light-exposure to the threshold, the lattice relaxation of metal cations adjacent to the doubly ionized oxygen vacancies (

V
O

2
+

) is fully developed, and the PPC barrier increases to ∼ 0.25 eV, which remains basically unchanged under higher light-exposure. Based on the density of VO defects in the channel and the condition of light illumination, a unified model of formation of photo-induced metastable defects in a-IGZO TFTs is proposed to explain the experimental observations.
Comparison of passenger vehicle braking distance when travelling on snow and asphalt at different velocities
Authors: Radu A I , Tolea B A
Published: August 2020

The objective of this paper was to determine the braking distance of a passenger vehicle when traveling at the speeds of 30, 50 and 70 km/h, on low friction surfaces (snow, deep snow) and also on asphalt. A number of tests were conducted on different surfaces. The vehicle was accelerated and then braked completely. Based on the braking distance values obtained by GPS, the adhesion coefficient was calculated for each surface for every velocity value tested.
A brief overview of parallel robots and parallel kinematic machines
Authors: Ratiu M , Anton D M
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a brief overview is presented, resulting from a recent literature review of some representative books or papers regarding various research on different types of parallel robots, parallel kinematic machines, or hybrid parallel mechanisms. Starting from a short introduction regarding the motivation and necessity of the emergence of such parallel mechanisms, some basic terms are presented, in the context of founding the existence of several terminologies for certain specific expressions of this subject, as well as different definitions for them. Then, after a short presentation of the advantages and disadvantages of the parallel robots, compared to serial ones, and of the parallel kinematic mechanisms compared to the conventional machine tools, some publications related to kinematics, dynamics, modeling and simulation of these types of mechanisms are highlighted. This research is realized in order to identify a solution that will be the basis for the development of a prototype, both virtual and experimental, for such mechatronic system.
Studies on the improvement of the supply chain in the automotive industry: production of electrical wiring
Authors: Ință M , Purcar C , Bădescu M
Published: August 2020

Procurement is the beginning of the global supply chain and is driven by customer demand for goods. In the automotive industry and not only, the timely and qualitative delivery of finished products is an important goal, the customer being 100% satisfied. This paper addresses the issue of improving the supply process in case of urgent changes, especially in the automotive industry, in the processing of electrical wiring, for a number of companies producing vehicles. The Romani car industry grew quite a bit after the 1990s. The arrival of the world’s major car companies has cemented the domestic sector in adopting best practices in the supply chain. This has led to improved competitiveness and increased quantum exports. However, the Romanian car industry must operate in a unique environment that still presents challenges for the supply chain. It is therefore necessary to continuously study supply chain practices in the automotive sector.
Coordinate Measuring Machine thread position measurement analysis
Authors: Serban P E , Peti F
Published: August 2020

Measuring the true position of a cylinder with a Coordinate Measuring Machine became a simple fact for programmer developer, for this they have to choose between different strategies available on the CMM software to improve measurement accuracy. Everything is changing when we try to measure a true position threaded hole, during serial production this position will pass between some changes that will affect the profile of the thread and the beginning of the threaded hole. Although CMM cylinder strategies methods exist they are not efficiently developed for precise measurement of a thread position. This article will analyse the difference between current methods that are available on the market and will compare the results with an experimental new method, this new method is developed from the method available plus other tools available in the CMM software. The importance of this method is to increase thread position measurement precision during all production cycle time.
Research on the behaviour of a LiFePo4 prismatic cell subjected to mechanical stress
Authors: Szabo I , Kocsis L , Mariasiu F
Published: August 2020

Numerous models of electric vehicles in the automotive market are clear proof of being a solution for the massive reduction of greenhouse gases, caused by the high number of the internal combustion engines in the transport sector. It was observed that by developing and using electric vehicles, the quantities of harmful emissions in large cities can be significantly reduced. The convenience of users of electric vehicles have pushed the researchers to study in more detail and attention the storage of energy in the energy sources used in the construction of electric vehicles. Several researchers have used the resulted data to develop finite element models, therefore it is necessary to study their behaviour. The article presents an experimental research, regarding the analysis of the behaviour and prismatic cell of type LiFePo4 at different mechanical stresses, including three-point bending, lateral bending, indentation with hemispherical punch and pinch indentation. The cell was tested at ambient temperature at 90% SOC.
Wear of three-treads uncoated and coated integral hob milling tools
Authors: Sovilj-Nikić S , Sovilj B , Varga G , Ungureanu N
Published: August 2020

Tribological Processes in the gear cutting of cylindrical gears on cutting elements of hob milling tools develop under specific conditions. The particular requirements under which the contacts between the hob milling tools and the workpiece material are made, make it difficult to become familiar with the tribological processes on them so that today there is more knowledge about their consequences on the machined surface of the teeth and the cutting elements of the hob milling tool, and less about their nature. In this paper, based on the experimental investigations, the wear analysis of three-treads uncoated and coated integral hob milling tools in the gear cutting of cylindrical gears is given.
Theoretical and experimental research on the development of an analysis system of the hand tremor movement for patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Borta St , Baritz M
Published: August 2020

Theoretical studies indicate the existence of the tremor in the human body, normally physiological, barely visible, and which occurs when the upper limbs are stretch to the front or when very high precision is required in carrying out an activity. Different experimental researches seek the theoretical fundament of the tremor movements or, develop evaluating systems for this type of movement, and last but not least are creating systems for behavioural help for people who develop forms of tremor with effects on comfort. Thus, in the first part of the paper, the specific clinical tremor forms are analyzed, as well as the manifestation forms and the parameters quantifying methods of this movement form developed in the human body. In the second part of the work is reviewed the substantiation of the analysis models of tremor type oscillations. In the third part of this paper, the experimental setup developed is presented, focusing on finding the best behavioural help solution for patients with pathological tremors and presents some considerations related to the device constructive aspects. In the final part, the approach conclusions of developing an assistive system for patients with pathological tremors are presented, on the highlight of the parkinsonian tremor patients.
Research about using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis method for improving the quality process performance
Authors: Pascu I , Paraschiv D , Didu A
Published: August 2020

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a method of analysing potential failures of a product or process, in order to plan the necessary measures to prevent their occurrence. Being a critical analysis method, FMEA has extremely precise objectives: determining the weak points of a technical system; searching for the initiating causes of component dysfunction; determining the needs of technology upgrading and modernization of production; increasing the level of communication between work compartments, people, hierarchical levels; analysis of the consequences on the environment, the safety of operation, the value of the product; providing corrective actions to remove the causes of defects; providing a plan to improve product quality and maintenance. The FMEA must be used from the design phase before the product is made.This paper describes a study about the improving the quality process for an axis for packaging using FMEA method. The potential causes of the defects have been studied and improvement measures have been proposed. Among these we mention: implementation and monitoring of the preventive maintenance program; providing specific compliance; self-control, flow or sample control; periodic training and retraining; upgrading existing equipment, acquisition of more advanced software.
Digitalization concept: Cyber-risks and damages for companies in adhered industries
Authors: Vartolomei C , Avasilcăi S
Published: August 2020

Starting with the modern binary number system in 1679, followed by the universal computation as a result of the Boolean algebra in 1847, then continued in 1948 with “Mathematical Theory of Communication”, capacitors and microchips between 1950s and 1970s, Apple I desktop computer in 1976 and until 2020 when we have devices as smartphones, computers, laptops, smart houses, cities and cars, all these inventions are small but realistic steps that built the current concept adopted by the humankind, called digitalization. Considering this impactful concept during our research, we propose to perform a literature review regarding its implementation in industries as medical, banking, automotive, along with generic examples from undefined ones, followed by the risks and disasters as a result of cyber-attacks, which can be seen as disadvantages of implementing this concept. In the end, we propose to discover the effects on the virtual business environment by exemplifying the cyber-attacks and analyzing them.
Frictional study of the polyamide/rubber contact materials
Authors: Lates M T , Gavrila C C
Published: August 2020

The actually researches focused on finding technical solutions with ecologically friendly impact on the environment are include new materials which are characterised by low energy consumptions (loses) during their manufacturing process and their usage. One class of materials characterised by these energy loses conditions is represented by the polyamides. The study regarding the frictional loses of the polyamides being in mobile contacts with steel made spare parts show that they have a good tribological behaviour. The applications domains (mechanical transmissions, tap armatures, food industry, medicine) and the lack of the studies, gives the opportunity of the research in the field of the frictional behaviour of the polyamide/rubber mobile contacts. The paper presents tests regarding the frictional behaviour of the PA46 and PTFE added PA46 polyamide/rubber contacts under different loadings and relative speeds. The tests are performed on a tribometer equipped with a pin-on-disc module. Finally there are highlighted important conclusions regarding the applications and working conditions where the polyamide/rubber couple of materials may be used, in order to get small frictional energy loses.
Fabrication and piezoelectric-pyroelectric properties of electrospun PVDF/ZnO composite fibers
Authors: Li Guo-Yi , Zhang Hong-Di , Guo Kun , Ma Xing-Sheng , Long Yun-Ze
Published: August 2020

Piezoelectric materials such as ZnO semiconductors and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) have been extensively studied to produce flexible wearable devices, providing a viable method for energy collection. In this study, PVDF was mixed with ZnO nanoparticles to prepare PVDF/ZnO devices by electrospinning. The composite ZnO affects the diameter of electrospun fibers and the output performance of the devices. As ZnO was added, the diameter of the fibers decreases, but the output current of the devices increases. Moreover, compared with pristine PVDF, the bending output current and pyroelectric current of the devices were improved after mixed with ZnO. The results indicated that PVDF/ZnO composite was a promising flexible device that can provide power for small electronic devices.
Impact of a clinical decision support tool targeting QT-prolonging medications
Authors: Chernoby Katie , Lucey Michael F , Hartner Carrie L , Dehoorne Michelle , Edwin Stephanie B
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of a newly implemented clinical decision support (CDS) tool targeting QT interval–prolonging medications on order verification and provider interventions.

Methods

A multicenter, retrospective quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate provider response to CDS alerts triggered during ordering of QT-prolonging medications for adult patients. The primary outcome was the proportion of orders triggering QTc alerts that were continued without intervention during a specified preimplementation phase (n = 49) and during a postimplementation phase (n = 100). Patient risk factors for QTc prolongation, provider alert response, and interventions to reduce the risk of QTc-associated adverse events were evaluated.

Results

The rate of order continuation without intervention was 82% in the preimplementation phase and 37% in the postimplementation phase, representing an 55% reduction in continued verified orders following implementation of the QT-focused CDS tool. Most alerts were initially responded to by the prescriber, with pharmacist intervention needed in only 33% of cases. There were no significant differences in patient QTc-related risk factors between the 2 study groups (P = 0.11); the postimplementation group had a higher proportion of patients using at least 2 QTc-prolonging medications (48%, compared to 26% in the preimplementation group; P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Implementation of the CDS tool was associated with a reduction in the proportion of orders continued without intervention in patients at high risk for QTc-related adverse events.
Infertile landscapes on an old oceanic island: the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia
Authors: Pillon Yohan , Jaffré Tanguy , Birnbaum Philippe , Bruy David , Cluzel Dominique , Ducousso Marc , Fogliani Bruno , Ibanez Thomas , Jourdan Hervé , Lagarde Louis , Léopold Audrey , Munzinger Jérôme , Pouteau Robin , Read Jennifer , Isnard Sandrine
Published: August 2020

The OCBIL theory comprises a set of hypotheses to comprehend the biota of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs). Here, we review evidence from the literature to evaluate the extent to which this theory could apply to the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia. We present geological, pedological and climatic evidence suggesting how the island might qualify as an OCBIL. The predictions of OCBIL theory are then reviewed in the context of New Caledonia. There is evidence for a high rate of micro-endemism, accumulation of relict lineages, a high incidence of dioecy, myrmecochory and nutritional specializations in plants. New Caledonian vegetation also exhibits several types of monodominant formations that reveal the importance of disturbances on the island. Fires and tropical storms are likely to be important factors that contribute to the dynamic of New Caledonian ecosystems. Although naturally infertile, there is archaeological evidence that humans developed specific horticultural practices in the ultramafic landscapes of New Caledonia. Further comparisons between New Caledonia and other areas of the world, such as South Africa and Southwest Australia, are desirable, to develop the OCBIL theory into a more robust and generalized, testable framework and to determine the most efficient strategies to preserve their outstanding biodiversity.
Risk factors for tissue expander infection in scar reconstruction: a retrospective cohort study of 2374 consecutive cases
Authors: Dong Chen , Zhu Minhui , Huang Luguang , Liu Wei , Liu Hengxin , Jiang Kun , Yu Zhou , Ma Xianjie
Published: August 2020

Background

Tissue expansion is used for scar reconstruction owing to its excellent clinical outcomes; however, the complications that emerge from tissue expansion hinder repair. Infection is considered a major complication of tissue expansion. This study aimed to analyze the perioperative risk factors for expander infection.

Methods

A large, retrospective, single-institution observational study was carried out over a 10-year period. The study enrolled consecutive patients who had undergone tissue expansion for scar reconstruction. Demographics, etiological data, expander-related characteristics and postoperative infection were assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors for expander infection. In addition, we conducted a sensitivity analysis for treatment failure caused by infection as an outcome.

Results

A total of 2374 expanders and 148 cases of expander infection were assessed. Treatment failure caused by infection occurred in 14 expanders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that disease duration of ≤1 year (odds ratio (OR), 2.07; p < 0.001), larger volume of expander (200–400 ml vs <200 ml; OR, 1.74; p = 0.032; >400 ml vs <200 ml; OR, 1.76; p = 0.049), limb location (OR, 2.22; p = 0.023) and hematoma evacuation (OR, 2.17; p = 0.049) were associated with a high likelihood of expander infection. Disease duration of ≤1 year (OR, 3.88; p = 0.015) and hematoma evacuation (OR, 10.35; p = 0.001) were so related to high risk of treatment failure.

Conclusions

The rate of expander infection in patients undergoing scar reconstruction was 6.2%. Disease duration of <1 year, expander volume of >200 ml, limb location and postoperative hematoma evacuation were independent risk factors for expander infection.
Selling salvation, selling success: neoliberalism and the US Prosperity Gospel
Authors: Wrenn Mary V
Published: August 2020

Neoliberalism relies on optimism. Without faith in meritocracy—unwavering belief that rewards will eventually and justly come to those who work hard enough—support for the capitalist system and belief in neoliberalism would unravel. How that optimism is perpetuated in the face of persistent income inequality and exploitation within the workplace requires an examination of those cultural institutions which reinforce and reproduce optimism over practical experience. This research focuses on one particular religious institution of the USA—the Prosperity Gospel. The Prosperity Gospel is a modern, neoliberal variation of Pentecostalism that is premised on the belief that a Biblical covenant between the individual believer and God guarantees that believer blessings of health and wealth, provided she demonstrates adequate faith. Accordingly, for those who are less adept at navigating the business world, financial success is still available for those believers who can dedicate themselves with the same frenzied ambition to the spiritual world. The Prosperity Gospel thus supports and sustains neoliberalism; the Prosperity Gospel is an institution which provides refuge to individuals from the exigencies of the market as well as a social practice which reinforces individual responsibility and fault. The Prosperity Gospel is the spiritual articulation of neoliberalism as well as a reinforcing institution.
Pseudo-wealth and Consumption Fluctuations
Authors: Guzman Martin , Stiglitz Joseph E
Published: August 2020

This paper provides an explanation for situations in which the fundamental state variables describing the economy do not change, but aggregate consumption experiences significant changes. We present a theory of pseudo-wealth—individuals’ perceived wealth that is derived from expectations of gains in bets arising from heterogeneous expectations. This wealth is divorced from society's real assets. The creation of a market for bets necessarily generates positive pseudo-wealth. Changes in the magnitude of differences of prior beliefs will lead to changes in expected wealth and hence to changes in consumption, implying instability in aggregate and individual consumption and ex post intertemporal consumption misallocations. Moreover, ‘completing markets’ through the creation of a new market for bets can increase individual and aggregate risk. With a utilitarian social welfare function, completing markets leads to lower welfare ex post, but the first theorem of welfare economics (evaluating each individual's well-being on the basis of her ex ante beliefs) still holds, raising unsettling questions for welfare analysis. We also show that if the planner uses beliefs that are consistent, then the betting equilibrium would be Pareto inferior.
Long-term nitrogen addition in maize monocultures reduces in vitro inhibition of actinomycete standards by soil-borne actinomycetes
Authors: Gieske Miriam F , Kinkel Linda L
Published: August 2020

Management of soil microbial communities for enhanced crop disease suppression is an attractive approach to biocontrol, but the effects of agricultural practices on the disease-suppressive potential of the soil microbial community remain unknown. We investigated the effects of long-term nitrogen addition (103 kg ha−1 nitrogen as urea vs. no fertilizer) and crop residue incorporation vs. removal on in vitro antibiotic inhibitory capacities of actinomycetes from 57-year maize (Zea mays L.) monocultures in southeastern Minnesota. We hypothesized that both nitrogen and crop residue addition would increase inhibitor frequencies by increasing microbial population densities and thus increasing the importance of competitive interactions among microbes to their fitness. We found that although soil carbon and nitrogen and microbial densities (actinomycete and total colony-forming units) tended to be greater with nitrogen fertilizer, the frequency of in vitro inhibitory phenotypes among culturable actinomycetes in fertilized plots was approximately half that in non-fertilized plots. Residue incorporation had little to no effect on soil chemistry, microbial density and inhibitor frequency. These results suggest that density-mediated processes alone cannot explain the effects of amendments on inhibitor frequencies. Fitness costs and benefits of inhibitory phenotypes may vary over time and may depend on the type of resource amendment.
Analysis of Genomic Sequence Data Reveals the Origin and Evolutionary Separation of Hawaiian Hoary Bat Populations
Authors: Pinzari Corinna A , Kang Lin , Michalak Pawel , Jermiin Lars S , Price Donald K , Bonaccorso Frank J
Published: August 2020

We examine the genetic history and population status of Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus semotus), the most isolated bats on Earth, and their relationship to northern hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), through whole-genome analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms mapped to a de novo-assembled reference genome. Profiles of genomic diversity and divergence indicate that Hawaiian hoary bats are distinct from northern hoary bats, and form a monophyletic group, indicating a single ancestral colonization event 1.34 Ma, followed by substantial divergence between islands beginning 0.51 Ma. Phylogenetic analysis indicates Maui is central to the radiation across the archipelago, with the southward expansion to Hawai‘i and westward to O‘ahu and Kaua‘i. Because this endangered species is of conservation concern, a clearer understanding of the population genetic structure of this bat in the Hawaiian Islands is of timely importance.
Size-at-maturity shift in a male-only fishery: factors affecting molt-type outcomes in Newfoundland and Labrador snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio)
Authors: Mullowney Darrell R J , Baker Krista D
Published: August 2020

A sex-asymmetric downward shift in size-at-terminal-molt has recently occurred in males in some portions of the Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) snow crab stock range, a first known occurrence for such processes in snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) stocks. This study examines plausible factors promoting the shift in size-at-terminal-molt [synonymous with size-at-maturity (SaM)] including individual size, temperature, population density, and sex ratio. Analyses highlight expanse of cold water and large male density as being significant predictors of molt-type outcomes. A confluence of cold conditions and low density of large males promoted the SaM shift. In turn, the low male density was associated with recently elevated fishery exploitation rates under quota-controlled management. It remains unknown the extent to which the reduction in terminal size reflects a phenotypic vs. genotypic process. Factors affecting skip-molting in male snow crab are investigated, and we find that skip-molting occurs most frequently under extreme cold and high population density conditions. Potential complications arising from altered growth dynamics are discussed. Overall, the results advance knowledge on intraspecific competition processes within snow crab populations and inform fisheries management systems that male-only harvest strategies do not provide full protection from biological harm to aquatic resources through fishing.
Faster HbA1c Turnaround Times Using a Dedicated Analyzer Based on Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay Technology
Authors: Lau Chin Shern , Lim Melva , Hoo See Ping , Gan Cherlyn , Aw Tar Choon
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The Roche Cobas c513 (c513) is a dedicated stand-alone high throughput HbA1c analyzer. We evaluated the performance and the difference in turnaround times (TAT) of the c513 against our Cobas 8000 c502 (c502).

Methods

We assessed the linearity and precision of the c513, and its agreement (Deming regression and Bland–Altman analysis) with the c502 assay. We compared TAT for these analyzers for a single run of 50 samples and for all samples run over 2 comparable time periods.

Results

The c513 assay was linear from 4.4–18.3% HbA1c. Interassay precision (CV%) was 1.2 and 0.8 at HbA1c levels of 5.7 and 10.5%, respectively. The c513 assay showed excellent concordance with the c502 assay (r = 0.997) with no significant difference between methods by Bland–Altman analysis (mean difference = 0.021% HbA1c, P = 0.1422). The c513 took 17 min to analyze 50 samples, compared to 40 min on the c502. Over comparable 2-month periods, 90% of samples requiring HbA1c tests only were completed under 25 min (c513) vs 30–35 min (c502). For tubes sharing complete blood count (CBC) testing with HbA1c, the 90th percentile TAT was 35–40 min (c513) compared to 45–50 min (c502).

Conclusion

The c513 assay performs well with excellent correlation to the c502 assay. The improved TAT of the c513 is suitable when there are demands for rapid HbA1c results and it may forestall requests for point-of-care testing. It is also attractive to sites with heavy workloads with a claimed throughput of 400 tests / h.
Patterns of Neonatal Co-Exposure to Gabapentin and Commonly Abused Drugs Observed in Umbilical Cord Tissue
Authors: Okoye Nkemakonam C , McMillin Gwendolyn A
Published: August 2020

Gabapentin was thought to have low abuse potential, but it is increasingly being abused by people with substance use disorder in an attempt to potentiate the euphoric effects from opioids and other CNS depressants. Additionally, infants co-exposed to gabapentin and opioids during pregnancy tend to exhibit prolonged and more severe neonatal abstinence syndrome. In this study, we describe positivity rates among commonly abused drugs and rates of co-medication with gabapentin in a large dataset of umbilical cord tissue specimens (n = 25,422) submitted for routine newborn drug testing at a national clinical reference laboratory (ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA). Detection of prenatal drug exposure in umbilical cord tissue specimens was accomplished using a semi-quantitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay designed to detect 47 specific drugs and drug metabolites including opioids, stimulants, sedative-hypnotics and hallucinogens. A positive result for at least one of the measured drugs or drug metabolites was reported in 7,054 (28%) of the umbilical cord tissues analyzed. Gabapentin had a positivity rate of ~2% with 562 positive results. Of the 562 gabapentin-positive samples, 395 (70%) also had a positive result for at least one other drug or drug metabolite, with the highest co-positivity rate observed for norbuprenorphine (32%, n = 182) followed by amphetamine (15%, n = 84), buprenorphine (13%, n = 74), methamphetamine (12%, n = 68), morphine (11%, n = 64), fentanyl (10%, n = 54) and naloxone (10%, n = 54). Notably, the concentration of gabapentin in gabapentin-positive umbilical cord specimens was higher in buprenorphine-containing specimens as compared to specimens containing other opioids, stimulants or benzodiazepines. Identification of neonatal co-exposure to gabapentin and opioids, particularly buprenorphine, may guide clinicians in rapid initiation of monitoring and intervention for neonatal abstinence syndrome.
HIF-1α Enhances Vascular Endothelial Cell Permeability Through Degradation and Translocation of Vascular Endothelial Cadherin and Claudin-5 in Rats With Burn Injury
Authors: Jiang Wei , Sun Youjun , Wang Huan , Hu Zijian , Song Junhui , Meng Chengying , Duan Shengliang , Jiang Zhiyong , Yu Youxin , Hu Delin
Published: August 2020

The mechanism underlying burn injury-induced enhanced vascular endothelial permeability and consequent body fluid extravasation is unclear. Here, the rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were treated with the serum derived from rats with burn injury to elucidate the mechanism. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were grouped as follows (10 rats/group): control, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours postburn groups. The heart, liver, kidney, lung, jejunum, and ileum of rats injected with 2% Evans blue (EB) through the tail vein were excised to detect the EB level in each organ. The serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of serum from 12-hour postburn group on the membrane permeability of RAEC monolayer, as well as on the mRNA and protein levels of ET-1, endothelin receptor A (ETA), ETB, and zonula occludens (ZO-1), was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) and western blotting. The membrane permeability of GV230/HIF-1α-transfected or shRNA-HIF-1α-transfected RAECs, as well as the expression levels of HIF-1α, ET-1, ETA, ETB, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, and claudin-5, was analyzed using qRT–PCR and western blotting, whereas the localization of VE-cadherin and claudin-5 was examined using immunofluorescence. The serum HIF-1α and ET-1 levels in the burn groups, which peaked at 12 hours postburn, were significantly upregulated (P < .01) when compared with those in the control group. Additionally, the serum HIF-1α levels were positively correlated with vascular permeability. Compared with the shRNA-negative control-transfected RAECs, the shRNA-II/HIF-1α-transfected RAECs exhibited downregulated expression of HIF-1α, ET-1, ETA, and ETB (P < .01), and upregulated expression of ZO-1, claudin-5, and VE-cadherin (P < .05). Compared with the GV230-transfected RAECs, the GV230/HIF-1α-transfected RAECs exhibited upregulated expression of HIF-1α, ET-1, ETA, and ETB (P < .01), and downregulated expression of ZO-1, claudin-5, and VE-cadherin (P < .05). The GV230/HIF-1α-transfected RAECs exhibited degradation and translocation of VE-cadherin and claudin-5. In addition to degradation of VE-cadherin and claudin-5, HIF-1α mediated enhanced endothelial cell permeability through upregulation of ET-1, ETA, and ETB, and downregulation of ZO-1 and VE-cadherin in rats with burn injury.
Gastric Pneumatosis in a Critically Ill Pediatric Burn Patient: Case Report and Overview of Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Bisgaard Erika , Hewgley William Preston , Gee Kristin Minei , Pandya Samir , Akarichi Chiaka , Arnoldo Brett , Park Caroline
Published: August 2020

Pneumatosis intestinalis and gastric pneumatosis are rare, but potentially morbid conditions in the burn-injured patient. They present a pediatric patient with severe scald injuries and isolated gastric pneumatosis who was successfully treated with a multidisciplinary approach and nonoperative management.
First-trimester rupture of a gravid bicornuate uterus after prior vaginal deliveries, simulating a ruptured ectopic pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Tochie Joel Noutakdie , Tcheunkam Landry Wakheu , Tchakounté Collince , Fobellah Nkengafac Nyiawung , Cumber Samuel Nambile
Published: August 2020

The first-trimester rupture of a bicornuate uterus (BU) is a rare obstetrical emergency, especially following previous normal vaginal deliveries where it is often misdiagnosed. A 24-year-old G3P2002 woman presented at 11 weeks of gestation with sudden onset of severe left iliac fossa pain without other symptoms. On examination, she was fully conscious and hemodynamically unstable with signs of peritoneal irritation, a distended pouch of Douglas and a slightly enlarged uterus and a tender left adnexal mass. The diagnosis of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy was made and a laparotomy was done. Intra-operative findings were hemoperitoneum, a left ruptured BU and a dead fetus. Surgical management entailed hysterorrarphy, left salpingectomy and conservation of both ovaries. Her postoperative course was uneventful and future fertility was preserved. We recommend a high index of suspicion of ruptured BU as a differential diagnosis of acute abdomen in the first trimester in women with previous term vaginal deliveries.
Adverse Events and Healthcare Utilization Associated With Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy Among Older Versus Younger Adults
Authors: Brzozowski Kaylen , Datta Rupak , Canterino Joseph , Malinis Maricar , Juthani-Mehta Manisha
Published: August 2020

Among older (n = 204) versus younger (n = 253) adults, there was no difference in adverse events (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.6–1.6) or healthcare utilization (incidence rate ratio = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.9–1.3) within 30 days after discontinuing outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Vancomycin (aOR = 1.92) and oxacillin (aOR = 3.12) were independently associated with adverse events.
Impact of a 24/7 Rapid Molecular Assay for Influenza Detection on the Prescription of Oseltamivir
Authors: Jacquier Hervé , Péan de Ponfilly Gauthier , Chauvin Anthony , Amarsy Rishma , Benmansour Hana , Hoang-Nguyen Dan-Thanh , Lecorché Emmanuel , Mesnil Céline , Mougari Faiza , Munier Anne-Lise , Salmona Maud , Berçot Béatrice , Le Goff Jérôme , Cambau Emmanuelle
Published: August 2020

We assessed the impact of a rapid molecular assay for influenza detection whether outsourced or performed onsite 24/7 in a University Hospital in Paris, France. Shorter median time-to-results (16.8 vs 2.3 hours, P < .05) and an increased rate of adequate prescription of oseltamivir (76.6% vs 95.3%, P < .05) were observed.
Rethinking police legitimacy in postcolonial Hong Kong: Paramilitary policing in protest management
Authors: Lawrence Ka-Ki Ho
Published: August 2020

This article addresses a frequently asked question regarding Hong Kong policing since the outbreak of prolonged civil unrest in June 2019: How can we understand the tactics adopted by the police in their attempts to de-escalate street violence, and why did the highly regarded police quickly lose its legitimacy among the public? This article argues that these phenomena can be explained by the abrupt change in the structural and policing context. This combined and interacted with the limitations of the ‘paramilitary policing model’ and public order legislation of Hong Kong adopted since the realignment of Beijing’s Hong Kong policy under the ‘One Country Two Systems’ principle in 2012. In the face of growing resistance to change this shift demystified the ‘professionalism’, ‘neutrality’, and ‘accountability’ that had continually been associated with the public’s perception of the Hong Kong Police since the 1970s. The protests pulled the police back to the escalated force in protest policing which in turn led to further declines in perceptions of police legitimacy across the population of the special administrative region. The findings also provide the platform for further conceptual debate on police legitimacy.
Extreme Chevron
Authors: Sanhudo José A.V.
Published: August 2020

Diaphyseal osteotomies have been successfully used in the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus owing to their high correction potential without the typical instability of proximal osteotomies. The author describes the extreme chevron technique, which has an excellent correction potential. The technique also provides great intrinsic stability, resulting from the osteotomy shape and extensive contact area between fragments, and extrinsic stability, resulting from the possibility of multiple fixation.

Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.