bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Browning Gary
Published: June 2024

This chapter sets up the major argument of the book. It poses the question of Murdoch’s status as a political thinker, and argues strongly in favour of the view that she was a political theorist alongside being a philosopher and novelist. Her early radicalism and later more sceptical politics reflect and challenge contemporary views of the political. Her novels are often read as leaving the social aside in imagining personal ideals, moral dilemmas, and sexual encounters. But this is to leave out how Murdoch’s characters deal with all aspects of their experience, including political and social issues. Their personal development goes along with political events. Sex and sexuality depend upon social and political laws and attitudes. Outsiders fleeing political persecution bring a diversity of perspectives and complicate the political contexts. Likewise, Murdoch’s moral philosophy is important and innovative, but that is in part due to her historical and political reading of the context in which individuals are situated, and which is ignored in rival moral schemes.
Factors Influencing Objective and Subjective Prospective Memory Measures in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Potvin Marie-Julie , Tétreault Gabrielle , Audy Julie , Roy Sarah-Jade , Rouleau Isabelle
Published: June 2024

Objective

To accurately assess prospective memory (PM) functioning in patients who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI), it is important to use both subjective (questionnaires) and objective (tests) measures. However, which factors have the most significant effect on each PM measure remains unknown. This observational study aims to verify whether TBI severity or psychological status has the most influence on patients’ objective and subjective PM measures.

Method

Fifteen healthy control (HC) participants (n = 15), 19 patients with a mild TBI (n = 19) and 30 patients with a moderate-to-severe TBI (n = 30) were recruited during the post-acute phase. For almost every participant, a relative was also recruited (n = 62). The Test écologique de mémoire prospective (TEMP), an objective computerized PM measure consisting of naturalistic stimuli, was administered to all participants along with anxiety (BAI) and depression inventories (BDI). Participants and their relatives also completed a questionnaire, the comprehensive assessment of PM (CAPM), a subjective PM measure assessing everyday failures.

Results

Results on the objective PM measure were predicted by TBI severity, while psychological symptoms (BAI and BDI) predicted scores on the subjective PM measure. In addition, relatives in the moderate-to-severe TBI group reported more PM failures on the subjective measure and their perception was significantly correlated with results on the objective PM measure, which was not the case for the other two groups of relatives.

Conclusions

Objective PM measures are related to TBI severity and appear more robust against the influence of psychological factors than subjective PM measures.
Multidimensional ADHD Symptom Profiles: Associations with Adverse Childhood Experiences
Authors: Rodriguez Violeta J , Basurto Karen S , Finley John-Christopher A , Liu Qimin , Khalid Elmma , Halliburton Alexa M , Tse Phoebe Ka Yin , Resch Zachary J , Soble Jason R , Ulrich Devin M
Published: June 2024

Objective

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with a range of negative health outcomes, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neurocognitive deficits. This study identified symptom profiles in adult patients undergoing neuropsychological evaluations for ADHD and examined the association between these profiles and ACEs.

Methods

Utilizing unsupervised machine learning models, the study analyzed data from 208 adult patients.

Results

The Gaussian Mixture Model revealed two distinct symptom profiles: “Severely Impaired” and “Moderately Impaired”. The “Severely Impaired” profile, 23.6% of the sample, was characterized by more severe ADHD symptomatology in childhood and worse neurocognitive performance. The “Moderately Impaired” profile, 76.4% of the sample, had scores in the average range for self-reported internalizing and externalizing psychopathology and better neurocognitive performance. There was a greater number of ACEs reported by patients in the Severely Impaired profile than the Moderately Impaired profile (p = .022). Specifically, using an ACEs cutoff of ≥4, 53.1% of patients in the Severely Impaired profile reported four or more ACEs, compared with 34.6% in the Moderately Impaired profile (p = .020). Profiles were not related to clinician-ascribed diagnosis.

Conclusions

Findings underscore the association between ACEs and worse symptom profiles marked by impaired neurocognitive function, increased internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and heightened perceived stress in adults with ADHD. Future research may explore the effect of ACEs on symptom profiles in diverse populations and potential moderators or mediators of these associations. Findings offers valuable insights for clinicians in their assessment and treatment planning.
Mini-SEA: Validity and Normative Data for the French-Quebec Population Aged 50 Years and Above
Authors: Mulet-Perreault Hannah , Landry Mariane , Laforce Robert Jr , Macoir Joël , Hudon Carol
Published: June 2024

Objective

The mini Social cognition & Emotional Assessment (mini-SEA) is a social cognition battery which assesses theory of mind and emotion recognition. Currently, no psychometrically validated measure of social cognition with adapted normative data exists for the middle-aged and elderly French-Quebec population. This project aims to determine the known-group discriminant validity of a cultural and linguistic adaptation of the mini-SEA between cognitively healthy people, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or living with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). This study also aims to examine the stability of mini-SEA’s performance over a 3–4-month time period, as well as to produce normative data for French-Quebec people aged 50 years. Normative data are derived for the full and an abbreviated version of the Faux Pas subtest.

Method

The sample included 211 French-speaking participants from Quebec (Canada) aged 50 to 89 years. Mini-SEA’s performance between a sub-sample of cognitively healthy people (n = 20), those with MCI (n = 20) or with AD (n = 20) was compared. A sub-sample of cognitively healthy people (n = 30) performed the task twice to estimate test–retest reliability. Socio-demographic variables’ effects on scores were examined to produce normative data in the form of regression equations or percentile ranks.

Results

Significant differences emerged between cognitively healthy people and those with MCI or AD. Moreover, scores were relatively stable over a period of 3 to 4 months. Finally, for the normative data, age, gender, and education were associated with performance on the mini-SEA or its subtests.

Conclusions

This study improves and standardizes social cognition’s assessment among French–Quebec individuals, which will help characterize their cognitive profile.
Brain repair mechanisms after cell therapy for stroke
Authors: Rust Ruslan , Nih Lina R , Liberale Luca , Yin Hao , El Amki Mohamad , Ong Lin Kooi , Zlokovic Berislav V
Published: June 2024

Cell-based therapies hold great promise for brain repair after stroke. While accumulating evidence confirms the preclinical and clinical benefits of cell therapies, the underlying mechanisms by which they promote brain repair remain unclear. Here, we briefly review endogenous mechanisms of brain repair after ischaemic stroke and then focus on how different stem and progenitor cell sources can promote brain repair.

Specifically, we examine how transplanted cell grafts contribute to improved functional recovery either through direct cell replacement or by stimulating endogenous repair pathways. Additionally, we discuss recently implemented preclinical refinement methods, such as preconditioning, microcarriers, genetic safety switches and universal (immune evasive) cell transplants, as well as the therapeutic potential of these pharmacologic and genetic manipulations to further enhance the efficacy and safety of cell therapies.

By gaining a deeper understanding of post-ischaemic repair mechanisms, prospective clinical trials may be further refined to advance post-stroke cell therapy to the clinic.
Late-onset temporal lobe epilepsy: insights from brain atrophy and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers
Authors: Ballerini Alice , Biagioli Niccolò , Carbone Chiara , Chiari Annalisa , Tondelli Manuela , Vinceti Giulia , Bedin Roberta , Malagoli Marcella , Genovese Maurilio , Scolastico Simona , Giovannini Giada , Pugnaghi Matteo , Orlandi Niccolò , Lemieux Louis , Meletti Stefano , Zamboni Giovanna , Vaudano Anna Elisabetta
Published: June 2024

Considering the growing age of the world population, the incidence of epilepsy in older adults is expected to increase significantly. It has been suggested that late-onset temporal lobe epilepsy (LO-TLE) may be neurodegenerative in origin and overlap with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Herein, we aimed to characterize the pattern of cortical atrophy and CSF biomarkers of AD (total and phosphorylated tau and amyloid-β) in a selected population of LO-TLE of unknown origin.

We prospectively enrolled individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy onset after the age of 50 and no cognitive impairment. They underwent a structural MRI scan and CSF biomarkers measurement. Imaging and biomarkers data were compared to three retrospectively collected groups: (i) age-sex-matched healthy controls; (ii) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and abnormal CSF AD biomarkers (MCI-AD); and (iii) patients with MCI and normal CSF AD biomarkers (MCI-noAD).

From a pool of 52 patients, 20 consecutive eligible LO-TLE patients with a mean disease duration of 1.8 years were recruited. As control populations, 25 patients with MCI-AD, 25 patients with MCI-noAD and 25 healthy controls were enrolled. CSF biomarkers returned normal values in LO-TLE, significantly different from patients with MCI due to AD. There were no differences in cortico-subcortical atrophy between epilepsy patients and healthy controls, while patients with MCI demonstrated widespread injuries of cortico-subcortical structures.

Individuals with LO-TLE, characterized by short disease duration and normal CSF amyloid-β and tau protein levels, showed patterns of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes not significantly different from healthy controls, but highly different from patients with MCI, either due to AD or not.
Characteristic reactivity of 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran under oxidation conditions
Authors: Kobayashi Hirokazu , Padovan Daniele , Fukuoka Atsushi
Published: June 2024

Chitin is an abundant nitrogen-containing biomass and a major derivative is 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran (3A5AF). The oxidation of 3A5AF could produce 3-acetamido-5-carboxyfuran (3A5CF), which is a promising monomer for producing nitrogen-containing polymers. However, the conversion of 3A5AF into 3A5CF is actually difficult. The present study clarifies the characteristic reactivity of 3A5AF under typical oxidation reaction conditions. Specifically, corresponding benzene derivatives or acetylfuran are transformed into carboxylic acids, but 3A5AF cannot. Then, density functional theory calculations indicate that 3A5AF facilitates the radical addition reaction on the furan ring instead of the oxidation of the C-acetyl group. In addition to the low aromaticity of furan, the acetamido group stabilizes the radical adduct by orbital interactions. Finally, we provide a potential methodology to decrease the reactivity of the furan ring in 3A5AF.
Chronic skin damage induces small intestinal damage via IL-13-induced apoptosis
Authors: Tanemoto Rina , Higashiyama Masaaki , Tomioka Akira , Ito Suguru , Mizoguchi Akinori , Nishii Shin , Inaba Kenichi , Wada Akinori , Sugihara Nao , Hanawa Yoshinori , Horiuchi Kazuki , Okada Yoshikiyo , Kurihara Chie , Akita Yoshihiro , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Komoto Shunsuke , Tomita Kengo , Satoh Takahiro , Tsuda Hitoshi , Hokari Ryota
Published: June 2024

The gut–skin axis has recently been widely recognized, and both the gut and skin have been found to affect each other through a bidirectional connection; however, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic skin damage (CSD) on mouse intestines. Following the CSD model, 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate was applied to the back-shaved murine skin six times for 2 weeks after tape stripping. The small and large intestines were analyzed histologically and immunologically, respectively. Intestinal permeability was measured using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated-dextran. The role of interleukin-13 (IL-13) in the ileum was investigated using an anti-IL-13 antibody. Apoptotic intestinal cells were analyzed using TUNEL staining. Villus atrophy was observed in the small intestine in the CSD model, along with increased permeability. Mast cells, but not T cells, eosinophils, or innate lymph cell-2, were increased in the intestinal mucosa. However, no significant changes were observed in the large intestine. mRNA expression of IL-13 was increased only in the ileum of the CSD model. Apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells were significantly increased in the ileum of the CSD model. Administration of an anti-IL-13 antibody ameliorated the intestinal damage caused by CSD, along with decreased apoptotic cells and mast cell infiltration. Skin damage causes morphological changes in the small intestine, accompanied by increased intestinal permeability, possibly through the IL-13-induced apoptosis of mast cells in the epithelium. Surfactant-mediated mechanical skin damage can cause a leaky gut.
Interest in and Preference for Long-acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy in the Era of Approved Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine Among Reproductive-aged Women in the US South
Authors: Collins Lauren F , Sheth Anandi N , Tisdale Tina , Mehta C Christina , Daniel Gaea , Westreich Daniel , Kassaye Seble , Topper Elizabeth F , Konkle-Parker Deborah , Rana Aadia , Alcaide Maria L , Philbin Morgan M
Published: June 2024

Among 103 reproductive-aged women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the US South surveyed post-approval of long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine, nearly two-thirds reported willingness to try LAI antiretroviral therapy (ART). Most expressed preference for LAI over daily oral ART and had minimal concerns over potential LAI-ART use impacting reproductive health.
Characterization of Gram-negative Bloodstream Infections in Hospitalized Australian Children and Their Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Wen Sophie C H , Harris Patrick N A , Forde Brian , Permana Budi , Chatfield Mark D , Lau Colleen L , Spurling Geoffrey , Bauer Michelle J , Balch Ross , Chambers Henry , Schlapbach Luregn J , Clark Julia E , Dougherty Sonia , Blyth Christopher C , Britton Philip N , Clifford Vanessa , Haeusler Gabrielle M , McMullan Brendan , Wadia Ushma , Paterson David L , Irwin Adam D
Published: June 2024

Background

Gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) more commonly occur in children with comorbidities and are increasingly associated with antimicrobial resistance. There are few large studies of GNBSIs in children that relate the clinical presentation, pathogen characteristics, and outcomes.

Methods

A 3-year prospective study of GNBSIs in children aged <18 years was conducted in 5 Australian children's hospitals between 2019 and 2021. The clinical characteristics, disease severity, and outcomes were recorded. Causative pathogens underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing.

Results

There were 931 GNBSI episodes involving 818 children. Median age was 3 years (interquartile range, 0.6–8.5). A total of 576/931 episodes (62%) were community onset, though 661/931 (71%) occurred in children with comorbidities and a central venous catheter was present in 558/931 (60%). Central venous catheter (145/931) and urinary tract (149/931) were the most common sources (16% each). One hundred of 931 (11%) children required intensive care unit admission and a further 11% (105/931) developed GNBSIs in intensive care unit. A total of 659/927 (71%) isolates were Enterobacterales, of which 22% (138/630) were third-generation cephalosporin resistant (3GCR). Extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes were confirmed in 65/138 (47%) 3GCR Enterobacterales. Most common extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes were blaCTX-M-15 (34/94, 36%) and blaSHV-12 (10/94, 11%). There were 48 deaths overall and 30-day in-hospital mortality was 3% (32/931). Infections with 3GCR Enterobacterales were independently associated with higher mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–6.4).

Conclusions

GNBSIs in children are frequently healthcare associated and affect children younger than age 5 years. Infections with 3GCR Enterobacterales were associated with worse outcomes. These findings will inform optimal management guidelines and help prioritize future antimicrobial clinical trials.
MDDOmics: multi-omics resource of major depressive disorder
Authors: Zhao Yichao , Xiang Ju , Shi Xingyuan , Jia Pengzhen , Zhang Yan , Li Min
Published: June 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a pressing global health issue. Its pathogenesis remains elusive, but numerous studies have revealed its intricate associations with various biological factors. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive multi-omics resource to help researchers in conducting multi-omics data analysis for MDD. To address this issue, we constructed the MDDOmics database (Major Depressive Disorder Omics, (https://www.csuligroup.com/MDDOmics/), which integrates an extensive collection of published multi-omics data related to MDD. The database contains 41 222 entries of MDD research results and several original datasets, including Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, genes, non-coding RNAs, DNA methylations, metabolites and proteins, and offers various interfaces for searching and visualization. We also provide extensive downstream analyses of the collected MDD data, including differential analysis, enrichment analysis and disease-gene prediction. Moreover, the database also incorporates multi-omics data for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder, due to the challenge in differentiating MDD from similar psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, by leveraging the rich content and online interfaces from MDDOmics, researchers can conduct more comprehensive analyses of MDD and its similar disorders from various perspectives, thereby gaining a deeper understanding of potential MDD biomarkers and intricate disease pathogenesis.

Database URL: https://www.csuligroup.com/MDDOmics/
Feasibility of anticoagulation on demand after percutaneous coronary intervention in high-bleeding risk patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: the INTERMITTENT registry
Authors: Pelliccia Francesco , Zimarino Marco , Giordano Melania , Dobrev Dobromir
Published: June 2024

Aims

This study evaluated the feasibility of the intermittent use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) guided by continuous rhythm monitoring via a clinically validated wearable smart device in high-bleeding risk (HBR) patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) otherwise subjected to chronic anticoagulation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results

The INTERMITTENT registry was a 3-year prospective observational study at eight Italian centres. Inclusion criteria were elective or urgent PCI, Academic Research Consortium HBR criteria, history of symptomatic 12-lead ECG detected paroxysmal AF episodes, indication to DOACs, and use of a wearable smart device (Apple Watch™). Thirty days after PCI, patients free of AF episodes discontinued DOAC. However, if an AF episode lasting >6 min or a total AF burden > 6 h over 24 h was detected, DOAC was initiated for 30 consecutive days, and withdrawn afterwards if no further AF episodes occurred. At the discretion of the referring physician, intermittent anticoagulation was offered to 89 patients, whereas continuous treatment with DOACs was prescribed to 151 patients. During a follow-up of 298 ± 87 days, the average duration of oral anticoagulation was significantly shorter in the intermittent anticoagulation group (176 ± 43 days, P = 0.0001), representing a 40% reduction in anticoagulation time compared to the continuous group. Ischaemic and bleeding endpoints were not significantly different between the two groups. Propensity score-matching resulted in a total of 69 matched patients with intermittent vs. continuous anticoagulation, respectively. During a follow-up of 291 ± 63 days, there was a significant 46% reduction in anticoagulation time in the intermittent compared to the continuous group (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion

In HBR patients with a history of paroxysmal AF episodes who underwent PCI, intermittent anticoagulation guided by continuous rhythm monitoring with a wearable device was feasible and decreased significantly the duration of anticoagulation.
Ovarian neuroendocrine tumor metastases can induce estrogen production in postmenopausal patients
Authors: Mulders Merijn C F , van Velthuysen Marie-Lousie F , Roes Eva-Maria , Hofland Leo J , Sasano Hironobu , de Herder Wouter W , Hofland Johannes
Published: June 2024

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are malignant neoplasms that can be associated with specific hormonal syndromes. We describe a novel syndrome of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding and ovarian estradiol overproduction due to ovarian NET localizations. An extensive workup was performed for 2 index patients with ovarian metastases of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors and symptoms of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Clinically significant ovarian estrogen production was demonstrated by a combination of ovarian vein sampling and normalization of circulating estrogen levels after oophorectomy. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed marked aromatase immunoactivity in the ovarian NET cells, while CYP17A1 and SF-1 were detected in the adjacent ovarian stromal cells but not the NET cells. Ex vivo and in vivo endocrine tests were unable to identify a paracrine mechanism of ovarian estradiol overproduction by NET cells. A retrospective search of electronic medical records revealed that 21% (14/66) of postmenopausal patients with an ovarian NET localization reported symptoms of vaginal blood loss. Together, these findings support the presence of a novel NET-associated hormonal syndrome.
Intravenous iron therapy results in rapid and sustained rise in myocardial iron content through a novel pathway
Authors: Vera-Aviles Mayra , Kabir Syeeda Nashitha , Shah Akshay , Polzella Paolo , Lim Dillon Yee , Buckley Poppy , Ball Charlotte , Swinkels Dorine , Matlung Hanke , Blans Colin , Holdship Philip , Nugent Jeremy , Anderson Edward , Desborough Michael , Piechnik Stefan , Ferreira Vanessa , Lakhal-Littleton Samira
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims

Intravenous iron therapies contain iron–carbohydrate complexes, designed to ensure iron becomes bioavailable via the intermediary of spleen and liver reticuloendothelial macrophages. How other tissues obtain and handle this iron remains unknown. This study addresses this question in the context of the heart.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted in 12 patients receiving ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) for iron deficiency. Myocardial, spleen, and liver magnetic resonance relaxation times and plasma iron markers were collected longitudinally. To examine the handling of iron taken up by the myocardium, intracellular labile iron pool (LIP) was imaged in FCM-treated mice and cells.

Results

In patients, myocardial relaxation time T1 dropped maximally 3 h post-FCM, remaining low 42 days later, while splenic T1 dropped maximally at 14 days, recovering by 42 days. In plasma, non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) peaked at 3 h, while ferritin peaked at 14 days. Changes in liver T1 diverged among patients. In mice, myocardial LIP rose 1 h and remained elevated 42 days after FCM. In cardiomyocytes, FCM exposure raised LIP rapidly. This was prevented by inhibitors of NTBI transporters T-type and L-type calcium channels and divalent metal transporter 1.

Conclusions

Intravenous iron therapy with FCM delivers iron to the myocardium rapidly through NTBI transporters, independently of reticuloendothelial macrophages. This iron remains labile for weeks, reflecting the myocardium’s limited iron storage capacity. These findings challenge current notions of how the heart obtains iron from these therapies and highlight the potential for long-term dosing to cause cumulative iron build-up in the heart.
Cognitive and physical fatigue—the experience and consequences of ‘brain fog’ after spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a qualitative study
Authors: Weddell Joseph , Rogerson Michelle C , Gallagher Robyn , Hesselson Stephanie , Iismaa Siiri E , Graham Robert M , Jackson Alun C , Redfern Julie , Buckley Thomas , Murphy Barbara M
Published: June 2024

Aims

Brain fog and fatigue are common issues after acute coronary syndrome. However, little is known about the nature and impact of these experiences in spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) survivors. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of brain fog and the coping strategies used after SCAD.

Methods and results

Participants were recruited from the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Genetics Study database and considered eligible if their event occurred within 12 months. Seven semi-structured online focus groups were conducted between December and January 2021–22, with this study reporting findings related to brain fog and fatigue. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed using an iterative approach. Participants (n = 30) had a mean age of 52.2 (±9.5) and were mostly female (n = 27, 90%). The overarching theme of brain fog after SCAD included four main themes: how brain fog is experienced, perceived causes, impacts, and how people cope. Experiences included memory lapses, difficulty concentrating and impaired judgement, and perceived causes, including medication, fatigue and tiredness, and menopause and hormonal changes. Impacts of brain fog included rumination, changes in self-perception, disruption to hobbies/pastimes, and limitations at work. Coping mechanisms included setting reminders and expectations, being one's own advocate, lifestyle and self-determined medication adjustments, and support from peers.

Conclusion

Brain fog is experienced by SCAD survivors, and the impacts are varied and numerous, including the capacity to work. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection survivors reported difficulty understanding causes and found their own path to coping. Recommendations for clinicians are provided.
Advancements in food authentication using soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA): a review
Authors: De Angelis Davide , Summo Carmine , Pasqualone Antonella , Faccia Michele , Squeo Giacomo
Published: June 2024

Food authentication verifies the match between product characteristics and claims and it is crucial in a globalized and complex food sector. Currently, class-modelling approaches, such as soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA), are powerful tools for assessing food authenticity. The aim of this review is to discuss the application of SIMCA for food authentication and to describe the conceptual differences between discriminant and class-modelling approaches. The discussion of research articles is organized around three elements: (i) the research objectives, (ii) the analytical methodologies, and (iii) the food products investigated. Moreover, the challenges and future perspectives considering the development of innovative food products are discussed. Adulteration is the most investigated food authentication issue, followed by verification of geographical origin. Food authenticity appeared to be predominantly evaluated using non-destructive spectroscopy. Overall, the articles collectively cover a broad spectrum of food categories, representing those most prone to adulteration. However, there is a notable lack of food authentication studies on innovative food products, underscoring the urgency for further research in this field.
Influence of different pre-cooling methods on the postharvest storage of ‘Kyoho’ grapes (Vitis labrusca × vinifera ‘Kyoho’)
Authors: Tao Shaoyu , Wang Jinfeng , Xie Jing
Published: June 2024

Various pre-cooling methods for ‘Kyoho’ grapes were selected, such as forced-air pre-cooling (FAPC), vacuum pre-cooling, natural convection pre-cooling (NCPC), electrolyzed water pre-cooling, cold water pre-cooling, and fluid ice pre-cooling. The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable pre-cooling method for grapes. The storage temperature of grapes was (4±0.5) °C with a relative humidity of 85%, and physiological parameters were measured every 5 d. All pre-cooling methods, except for NCPC, were able to complete the pre-cooling process within 20 min. Interestingly, water and ice cooling methods were not suitable for pre-cooling grapes, probably due to microbial growth and damage to cellular tissue. In contrast, three groups of air pre-cooling methods were more effective in preserving freshness, the best of which was FAPC. It was found that FAPC inhibited grape weight loss, moisture loss, respiration rate, total viable count, malondialdehyde, and relative electrolyte leakage, while stimulating the activities of superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. It also suppressed the activity of polyphenol oxidase. Additionally, in the FAPC group, optimal hardness, titratable acidity, and vitamin C content were observed. Among all the tested methods, FAPC demonstrated better efficacy in delaying the softening and senescence of ‘Kyoho’ grapes, thereby preserving fruit quality and nutritional content.
Dyke positioning according to sedimentary basins markers by processing airborne magnetic data at basalt covered areas
Authors: Cavalcante Felipe Lisbona , Mendonça Carlos Alberto , Ofterdinger Ulrich S
Published: June 2024

Airborne magnetics have found few applications in investigating basalt-trapped areas because anomaly interferences from deep and shallow sources prevent clear identification of subjacent dyke systems. The structural positioning of dykes is of major importance in basin studies due to their role as a heat source for maturing organic matter and plumbing capacity to feed intrusive bodies and surface lava flows. Aeromagnetic data in such a scenario can outline faults and the basin framework but faces difficulties in identifying the distribution of dykes seated at different depth levels. We present a procedure that sequentially combines conventional processing techniques to identify and retrieve the magnetic anomaly content with 2-D properties, as expected from tabular dykes with contrasting magnetic properties with respect to the background medium. The mean direction of 2-D anomalies is quantitatively evaluated by tracking the directions in which the horizontal component of the transformed anomaly mostly vanishes. The observed field is then cosine-direction filtered to retain the anomaly content along this mean direction. Once isolated, the filtered 2-D content of the anomaly is interpreted with multiple thin-sheet models to determine the dyke distribution and their respective depths to the top. The inferred depths are interpreted concerning basin stratigraphic markers to recognize dykes possibly serving as a heat source for geothermal or petroleum and gas maturation, acting as compartments to aquifer systems, or determining the location of former conduits once feeding the lava flow volcanism. The developed procedure is applied to the Ponta Grossa Dyke Swarm, along its northwestern continuation beneath the basalt-capped sedimentary sequences of the Palaeozoic Paraná Basin. The distribution of the dykes recognizes a sequence confined to the bottom Palaeozoic formations with petroleum and gas potential, a sequence intercepting the upper layers forming the Guarani aquifer system (GAS) and dykes at different depth levels within the basalt Serra Geral traps, indicative of at least two feeding events supplying the Mesozoic surface lava flows.
Endoscopic Normalization and Transition of J-Pouch Phenotypes Over Time in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Akiyama Shintaro , Ollech Jacob E , Cohen Nathaniel A , Traboulsi Cindy , Rai Victoria , Glick Laura R , Yi Yangtian , Runde Joseph , Cohen Russell D , Olortegui Kinga B Skowron , Hurst Roger D , Umanskiy Konstantin , Shogan Benjamin D , Hyman Neil H , Rubin Michele A , Dalal Sushila R , Sakuraba Atsushi , Pekow Joel , Chang Eugene B , Rubin David T
Published: June 2024

Background

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who undergo proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis may develop pouchitis. We previously proposed a novel endoscopic classification of pouchitis describing 7 phenotypes with differing outcomes. This study assessed phenotype transitions over time.

Methods

We classified pouch findings into 7 main phenotypes: (1) normal, (2) afferent limb (AL) involvement, (3) inlet (IL) involvement, (4) diffuse, (5) focal inflammation of the pouch body, (6) cuffitis, and (7) pouch-related fistulas noted more than 6 months after ileostomy takedown. Among 2 endoscopic phenotypes, the phenotype that was first identified was defined as the primary phenotype, and the phenotype observed later was defined as the subsequent phenotype.

Results

We retrospectively reviewed 1359 pouchoscopies from 426 patients (90% preoperative diagnosis of ulcerative colitis). The frequency of primary phenotype was 31% for AL involvement, 42% for IL involvement, 28% for diffuse inflammation, 72% for focal inflammation, 45% for cuffitis, 18% for pouch-related fistulas, and 28% for normal pouch. The most common subsequent phenotype was focal inflammation (64.8%), followed by IL involvement (38.6%), cuffitis (37.8%), AL involvement (25.6%), diffuse inflammation (23.8%), normal pouch (22.8%), and pouch-related fistulas (11.9%). Subsequent diffuse inflammation, pouch-related fistulas, and AL or IL stenoses significantly increased the pouch excision risk. Patients who achieved subsequent normal pouch were less likely to have pouch excision than those who did not (8.1% vs 15.7%; P = .15).

Conclusions

Pouch phenotype and the risk of pouch loss can change over time. In patients with pouch inflammation, subsequent pouch normalization is feasible and associated with favorable outcome.
Interpolation of set-valued functions
Authors: Dyn Nira , Levin David , Muzaffar Qusay
Published: June 2024

Given a finite number of samples of a continuous set-valued function F, mapping an interval to compact subsets of the real line, we develop good approximations of F, which can be computed efficiently. In the first stage, we develop an efficient algorithm for computing an interpolant to $F$, inspired by the ‘metric polynomial interpolation’, which is based on the theory in Dyn et al. (2014, Approximation of Set-Valued Functions: Adaptation of Classical Approximation Operators. Imperial College Press). By this theory, a ‘metric polynomial interpolant’ is a collection of polynomial interpolants to all the ‘metric chains’ of the given samples of $F$. For set-valued functions whose graphs have nonempty interior, the collection of these ‘metric chains’ can be infinite. Our algorithm computes a small finite subset of ‘significant metric chains’, which is sufficient for approximating $F$. For the class of Lipschitz continuous functions with samples at the roots of the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind, we prove that the error incurred by our computed interpolant decays with increasing number of interpolation points in the same rate as in the case of interpolation by the metric polynomial interpolant. This is also demonstrated by our numerical examples. For the class of set-valued functions whose graphs have smooth boundaries, we extend our algorithm to achieve a high-precision detection of the points of topology change, followed by a high-order approximation of the boundaries of the graph of F. We further discuss the case of set-valued functions whose graphs have ‘holes’ with Hölder-type singularities at the points of change of topology. To treat this case we apply some special approximation ideas near the singular points of the holes. We analyze the approximation order of the algorithm, including the error in approximating the points of change of topology, and show by several numerical examples the capability of obtaining high-order approximation of the holes.
TrajVis: a visual clinical decision support system to translate artificial intelligence trajectory models in the precision management of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Li Zuotian , Liu Xiang , Tang Ziyang , Jin Nanxin , Zhang Pengyue , Eadon Michael T , Song Qianqian , Chen Yingjie V , Su Jing
Published: June 2024

Objective

Our objective is to develop and validate TrajVis, an interactive tool that assists clinicians in using artificial intelligence (AI) models to leverage patients’ longitudinal electronic medical records (EMRs) for personalized precision management of chronic disease progression.

Materials and Methods

We first perform requirement analysis with clinicians and data scientists to determine the visual analytics tasks of the TrajVis system as well as its design and functionalities. A graph AI model for chronic kidney disease (CKD) trajectory inference named DisEase PrOgression Trajectory (DEPOT) is used for system development and demonstration. TrajVis is implemented as a full-stack web application with synthetic EMR data derived from the Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Translational Data Warehouse and the Indiana Network for Patient Care research database. A case study with a nephrologist and a user experience survey of clinicians and data scientists are conducted to evaluate the TrajVis system.

Results

The TrajVis clinical information system is composed of 4 panels: the Patient View for demographic and clinical information, the Trajectory View to visualize the DEPOT-derived CKD trajectories in latent space, the Clinical Indicator View to elucidate longitudinal patterns of clinical features and interpret DEPOT predictions, and the Analysis View to demonstrate personal CKD progression trajectories. System evaluations suggest that TrajVis supports clinicians in summarizing clinical data, identifying individualized risk predictors, and visualizing patient disease progression trajectories, overcoming the barriers of AI implementation in healthcare.

Discussion

The TrajVis system provides a novel visualization solution which is complimentary to other risk estimators such as the Kidney Failure Risk Equations.

Conclusion

TrajVis bridges the gap between the fast-growing AI/ML modeling and the clinical use of such models for personalized and precision management of chronic diseases.
Disparities in ABO blood type determination across diverse ancestries: a systematic review and validation in the All of Us Research Program
Authors: Martinez Kiana L , Klein Andrew , Martin Jennifer R , Sampson Chinwuwanuju U , Giles Jason B , Beck Madison L , Bhakta Krupa , Quatraro Gino , Farol Juvie , Karnes Jason H
Published: June 2024

Objectives

ABO blood types have widespread clinical use and robust associations with disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the portability and suitability of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) used to determine ABO alleles and blood types across diverse populations in published literature.

Materials and Methods

Bibliographic databases were searched for studies using tSNPs to determine ABO alleles. We calculated linkage between tSNPs and functional variants across inferred continental ancestry groups from 1000 Genomes. We compared r2 across ancestry and assessed real-world consequences by comparing tSNP-derived blood types to serology in a diverse population from the All of Us Research Program.

Results

Linkage between functional variants and O allele tSNPs was significantly lower in African (median r2 = 0.443) compared to East Asian (r2 = 0.946, P = 1.1 × 10−5) and European (r2 = 0.869, P = .023) populations. In All of Us, discordance between tSNP-derived blood types and serology was high across all SNPs in African ancestry individuals and linkage was strongly correlated with discordance across all ancestries (ρ = −0.90, P = 3.08 × 10−23).

Discussion

Many studies determine ABO blood types using tSNPs. However, tSNPs with low linkage disequilibrium promote misinference of ABO blood types, particularly in diverse populations. We observe common use of inappropriate tSNPs to determine ABO blood type, particularly for O alleles and with some tSNPs mistyping up to 58% of individuals.

Conclusion

Our results highlight the lack of transferability of tSNPs across ancestries and potential exacerbation of disparities in genomic research for underrepresented populations. This is especially relevant as more diverse cohorts are made publicly available.
Seeing across variable ecological and social environments: comparative eye morphology of marine and terrestrial hermit crabs (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobitidae, Paguridae)
Authors: Steele Elliott P , Laidre Mark E
Published: June 2024

Vision is a ubiquitous sensory modality adapted to vastly different environments, which place variable selection pressures on both macro- and microscopic dimensions of external eye morphology. The hermit crab clade (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) spans environments from sea to land, yet, no systematic comparisons in eye morphology have been made between any species. We compared three species of hermit crabs inhabiting different ecological and social environments: two terrestrial species, one of which (Coenobita compressusH. Milne Edwards, 1837) is highly social and inhabits a flat, open diurnal habitat, and another (C. clypeatus Herbst, 1791) is its sister species that inhabits a rugged forested nocturnal habitat; and a third (Pagurus longicarpusSay, 1817) inhabits a marine intertidal habitat and is less social. We compared macroscopic eye morphology between species as well as microscopic differences in ommatidium-facet density and diameter within eyes. We found that eye dimensions (length, width, and thickness), but not overall volume, differed significantly between marine and terrestrial species. Furthermore, the highly social C. compressus had a significantly larger eye volume compared to its sister species, C. clypeatus, which is not as social. Larger eyes in C. compressus might be linked to its social lifestyle, where vision has been shown to be critical to finding conspecifics. All three species had a higher density of facets in the ventral compared to dorsal region of the eye. Our comparisons of external eye morphology revealed microscopic similarities but notable macroscopic variation between species, thus laying a foundation for future phylogenetically controlled tests within this species-rich clade, including comparisons of internal eye morphology.
Character development over happiness: the aesthetic foundation of John Stuart Mill’s philosophy of education
Authors: Eytan Yuval
Published: June 2024

Despite the many interpretive disputes regarding John Stuart Mill’s philosophy of education, there is wide agreement that Mill saw education as the most necessary and significant means of promoting human happiness. I challenge this view by claiming that Mill belongs to a broad philosophical trend of his time that rejected the conception of human nature that stands at the foundation of the modern ideal of happiness according to which human freedom is expressed in the autonomous pursuit of self-satisfaction. Instead, he embraced an understanding of humans as unique beings whose freedom is expressed in the development of original characters. I argue that the change in Mill’s perception of truth that occurred during his mental crisis led him to understand these processes as open—they are not subject to any static or universal purpose since freedom is understood as the ability of individuals to alter their purposes according to the internal changes they experience. My claim regarding the negation of happiness in Mill’s thought provides an answer to the question, largely neglected in the literature, of why, unlike many thinkers associated with the tradition to which he belonged, he chose not to elucidate the operative steps necessary to promote happiness in a book dedicated to education. I conclude by claiming that his use of the utilitarian lexicon is not accidental and does not reveal internal contradictions, but is a tactical move intended to enable the optimal conditions for creating significant change in people.
Detection of Bullying and Other Forms of Victimization
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C.
Published: June 2024

Detection of bullying and other forms of maltreatment is a critical mechanism in the secondary prevention of victimization and related toxicity and paves the way for appropriate intervention to stop ongoing abuse and for treatment of associated morbidity. There is limited literature available that addresses the detection of school bullying, but there is an extensive range of studies that deal with the need for, and approaches for, identifying other forms of victimization, such as cyberbullying, intimate partner violence, and childhood maltreatment. In this context, this chapter puts forward the notion of universal screening for victimization and related morbidity by all health practitioners, and it also suggests implementation approaches that could lead to intervention to halt ongoing maltreatment and to mental health treatment for associated morbidity.
Bullying and Other Forms of Maltreatment in the School Milieu
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C.
Published: June 2024

This chapter reviews what is known about the nature of bullying in the school milieu as maltreatment among peers. It examines the roles of students who are bullies, victims, or both, as well as individuals who may help to prevent or protect as bystanders, school staff, and parents. Furthermore, it reviews the potential reciprocal victimization between teachers and students, while highlighting serious concerns about schools that use corporal punishment. Moreover, the chapter advances the notion of the school milieu as a workplace environment, where school bullying or maltreatment can include instances of mismanagement, abuse, or neglect that are beyond physical aggression. These instances include psychological harassment or indirect bullying and are almost uniquely related to the work environment, particularly the notion of overwork.
Maltreatment in the Neighborhood
Authors: Srabstein Jorge C.
Published: June 2024

This chapter examines the available studies focusing on the nature, prevalence, and effects of victimization occurring in open public areas of the neighborhood. In this context, the chapter reviews what is known about bullying, violence, aggression, discrimination, harassment, incivility, and nuisance that can be experienced or witnessed by a person of any age in the open public places of the local area where the person lives, studies, works, shops, plays, walks, runs, or drives through. Specifically, the chapter addresses the themes of youth participation in bullying or physical fights in open public places; street victimization by strangers; gang violence; community crime victimization; neighborhood feeling of safety; fears of crime, mass shootings, and terrorism; perceived discrimination in the community; street harassment; dangerous driving and road rage; incivility toward pedestrians or cyclists; and neighborhood nuisance. Future research should aim to further the understanding of the nature, prevalence, and public health consequences of different forms of maltreatment occurring in the neighborhood. Advancing this line of research should bring the topic of neighborhood maltreatment to a level of development comparable to the level achieved by studies of victimization in other milieus, such as the home, school, workplace, and cyberspace.