bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical psychology for specialists in physical therapy, occupational therapy: curriculum
Authors: Lunov V.
Published: June 2022

The discipline "Clinical Psychology" aims to acquaint students of medical universities in the specialty 227 - physical therapy, occupational therapy with the clinical and psychological paradigm of understanding the nature of the human psyche in the norm, at the neurotic, borderline and psychotic levels;  to reveal the range of diagnostic and treatment approaches taking into account the peculiarities of the structure of mental organization of an individual patient, the peculiarities of his physical functioning, quality of life and attitude to the disease in order to select optimal areas of clinical interviews, psychological diagnostics, psychotherapy, medical and socio-psychological rehabilitation.  The discipline also aims to create a holistic system of scientific knowledge about clinical psychology as a science and practice, the formation of skills and abilities to select the use of clinical techniques for psychoprophylaxis, counselling practice considering the specifics of working with different categories of patients, including different models of physical therapy and occupational therapy.

The subject of the discipline is the study of a system of generalizations about the psychological characteristics of the personality of patients with somatic and mental illnesses, with problems of functioning, limitations of life and health; and concerning medical interaction, formation of professional representations concerning problems of mental norm and pathology, functioning and vital activity.
Сonservative treatment of fractures of the distal metaepiphysis of the radius
Authors: Rushay A.K. , Skyba V.V , Lisayshuk Yu.S. , Kovalhsuk V.S.
Published: June 2022

The research represents the results of conservative complex rehabilitation treatment of the patients with fractures of distal radius metaphysis on immobilization stage. The use of multimodal pain control, hardware repositioning of fragments, fixation by Sсоtсhсаst/Sоftсаst semi-rigid fixation, pharmaceutic treatment using termoasymmetric index ΔТ, kineziotherapy, massage and physiotherapy made it possible for us to achieve positive results in the majority of cases. According to the questionnary scales DN4, VAS and DASH, satisfactory results of treatment have been achieved in 94,4% of cases.
The importance of the socio-cultural context in family education
Authors: Parysiewicz Beata Marta , Gorbaniuk Julia
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the relationship between upbringing in a family and the socio-cultural context.  The author defines the socio-cultural context, explains the mechanisms of its influence and where its potency comes from. She shows the influence of the context on upbringing in the family by the example of media, especially the social media, which she places within the mesocontext. Moreover, the author describes the importance of the context for the upbringing position and authority of parents, their ability to implement the ideal of upbringing in a situation where the pattern of parental upbringing is not consistent with the pattern proposed by the media. The conclusion of the article is the recognition of the socio-cultural context as a framework for upbringing in a family that may significantly limit the educational activity of the family.
The problem of psychological competence in medical education: from professional knowledge to skills
Authors: Lazurenko Olena
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the problem of psychological competence in medical education, the main approaches to the problem of professional becoming a specialist.  The stages of development of the doctor in the professional sphere, stages of formation of professional abilities from professional knowledge to skills in the process of mastering the profession are considered. The general characteristic of professional formation and level of professionalism is given. The analysis of stages of professional formation of specialists is presented, psychological and pedagogical peculiarities of formation of professional competence of future physicians at the stage of professional formation are determined. The analysis of scientific sources suggests that the problem of studying professional development is in the constant focus of many scholars who determine the nature and stages of professional development, psychological peculiarities, psychological and pedagogical conditions and factors of professional development of the individual. The professional competence of a doctor is a complex of skills acquired in the process of training the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for the performance of their professional duties. Professional competence of physician-psychologist includes not only emotional-sensual sphere, but also knowledge and skills required for both physician and psychologist.
The educational process of preparing a future doctor should include not only a professional but also a personal development of a specialist, both at the pre-graduate stage and at the post-graduate level. The main ideas of the concept of self-regulation of the professional genesis of the physician's personality are revealed.
The crowdfunding regulatory framework in the European Union and the United States
Authors: Chyla Łukasz
Published: June 2022

Both in the US and the EU, crowdfunding legal framework has lately been subject to many regulatory changes.  In the EU, the Regulation on European Crowdfunding Service Providers (ECSP) for business entered into force on 10 November 2020. and will enter into application on 10 November 2021, applying directly across the EU. The initiative was part of the European Commission’s fintech action plan and the mid-term review of the capital markets union action plan. At the same time, in the US, in 2020 the Securities and Exchange Commission decided to amend its rules in order to harmonize, simplify, and improve the multilayer and overly complex exempt offering framework, including crowdfunding. These amendments will promote capital formation and expand investment opportunities while preserving or improving important investor protections. The main objective of this article is to analyze and evaluate, from a comparative perspective, the EU and the US legal frameworks for crowdfunding offers- especially in light of the latest reforms. The article is based mostly on scrutinizing sources of law, academic literature, reports and data published by market authorities.
Considering camera distortion panoramic images forming method for unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral data
Authors: Lamaka Aliaksei A.
Published: June 2022

The work is devoted to the study and modification of existing methods for merging a number of images obtained using a multispectral camera installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle into a single panoramic image for the purpose of its further thematic processing. A generalised method based on the existing detectors and descriptors of special areas of images was proposed for the automated solution of this issue, as well as the developed method for filtering matches of special areas. An analysis was carried out to select the best detectors and descriptors of special areas for the tasks of merging images of forest areas. It has been determined that the combination of ORB and FREAK methods show better results in detecting and describing specific points to perform the above tasks, than BRISK, SURF and ORB methods. Particular attention is paid to the importance of determining and correcting camera distortion used in data acquisition, the method used and the results of distortion correction are described. The effect of camera distortion to the displacement between singular points standard deviation in the case of data alignment is estimated. It is shown that the proposed automatic obtaining panoramic multispectral images method makes it possible to connect images with an average accuracy of up to 5 pixels when solving connection of multispectral images set issues.
Influence of 3-acetyl-5-hydroxy-2-methylindole on glioma cell proliferation and metabolism
Authors: Panada Jan U. , Klopava Valeriya A. , Kulahava Tatsiana A. , Faletrov Yaroslav V. , Horetski Matvey S. , Frolova Nina S. , Koran Siarhei V. , Fomina Elena G. , Shkumatov Vladimir M.
Published: June 2022

A 3-acetyl analogue of 5-hydroxyindole was synthesised and evaluated for its effects on rat C6 glioma cell functions. It was found that 3-acetyl-5-hydroxy-2-methylindole at 10 μmol/L led to a sharp reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of autophagy and decrease of proliferation of C6 glioma cells. The compound’s effect was comparable to that of rotenone, an inhibitor of cell respiration.
Gypsies in Siberia (end of the 18th – 20th century)
Authors: Shaidurov Vladimir N. , Sapronova Natalia A. , Goncharov Yurii M. , Novogrodski Tadeush A.
Published: June 2022

The history of the Roma in Russia is a poorly studied topic. The article discusses the main stages in the formation and development of the Gypsy community in Siberia during the late 18th – 20th century. The authors came to the conclusion that the main source for the emergence and growth of the number of Roma in the region was migration, in which Belarusian Roma played an important role. On the basis of various sources, a description is given of the measures taken by the authorities in relation to the Roma population, aimed at its homogenisation and integration into the economic and socio-cultural processes in Siberia. However, all campaigns to combat Gypsy vagrancy in the 19th and 20th centuries did not lead to its complete eradication. The repressive steps both in the second quarter of the 19th century and in the 1930s did not help to solve the problem either. Only a part of the Gypsies switched from a traditional to a semi-sedentary way of life. Archival materials from central and regional archives. Most of the documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Methods of intellectual data analysis in COVID-19 research
Authors: Senko Oleg V. , Kuznetsova Anna V. , Voronin Evgeny M. , Kravtsova Olga A. , Borisova Ludmila R. , Kirilyuk Igor L. , Akimkin Vasiliy G.
Published: June 2022

The paper presents an original method for solving the problem of finding a connection between the course of the epidemic and socio-economic, demographic and climatic factors. The method was applied to solve this problem for 110 countries of the world using a set of corresponding curves of the COVID-19 growth rate for the period from January 2020 to August 2021. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering was applied. Four large clusters with uniform curves were identified – 11, 39, 17 and 13 countries, respectively. Another 30 countries were not included in any cluster. Using machine learning methods, we identified the differences in socio-economic, demographic and geographical and climatic indicators in the selected clusters of countries of the world. The most important indicators by which the clusters differ from each other are amplitude of temperatures throughout the year, high-tech exports, Gini coefficient, size of the urban population and the general population, index of net barter terms of trade, population growth, average January temperature, territory (land area), number of deaths due to natural disasters, birth rate, coastline length, oil reserves, population in urban agglomerations with a population of more than 1 million etc. This approach (the use of clustering in combination with classification by methods of logical-statistical analysis) has not been used by anyone before. The found patterns will make it possible to more accurately predict the epidemiological process in countries belonging to different clusters. Supplementing this approach with autoregressive models will automate the forecast and improve its accuracy.
Influence of the thermal сonditions within the bed of the last ice sheet on the distribution of glacial valleys of the Belarusian Poozerie area
Authors: Komarovskiy Michail E. , Khilkevich Ekaterina V.
Published: June 2022

Within the bed of the Poozerie (Weichselian) ice sheet, which occupied the northern part of Belarus at the maximum stage and at the beginning of degradation, three concentric thermal zones were identified according to geological and geomorphological criteria: the outer zone of basal frozen ice, the zone of discontinuous frozen bed, the inner zone of the thawed bed. Comparison of glacial valleys with thermal zoning shows that their distribution and formation closely related to thermal conditions. During the Poozerie (Weichselian) ice sheet advance into the northern region of Belarus, thermal zoning affected geological denudation processes. This led to local erosion and valleys in the outer zone of basal frozen ice, large-scale manifestation of glacial excavation and squeesing out and the formation of lobate glacial depressions, large radial valleys and subglacial lakes in the inner zone of the thawed bed and along its outer border with the zone of discontinuous frozen bed. The formation of large tunnel valleys became possible at the stage of degradation of the ice sheet (Vitebsk phase), after the melted glacial waters of subglacial dammed lakes found an outlet into the marginal zone through an intermittent frozen bed and were released as a result of catastrophic floods through separate channels, which were deepened, widened and formed tunnel valleys.
Pemphigus Vulgaris and Pemphigus Foliaceus: A Single-Centre Comparative Study in Rabat, Morocco
Authors: Mezni Line , El Hadadi Farah , Meziane Mariam , Ismaili Nadia , Benzekri Laila , Senouci Karima
Published: June 2022

Background: Pemphigus is a group of rare autoimmune blistering diseases affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is known to be relatively benign than the other forms of pemphigus. Methods: The authors carried out a single-centre retrospective study of 40 patients with PF and 125 patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) over a 30-year period. The aim was to compare the course of these two major variants. Results: Both populations shared similar age, sex ratio, and treatment received. This investigation showed that relapses were more frequent in the group of PF, whereas the PV group needed a higher dose of corticosteroids to control the disease, a higher mortality rate, and complications were documented in this group. Severity, remissions, and mean duration of the disease were the same in both groups. Conclusion: This investigation arises some doubts concerning the relative mildness of PF. Despite the improvement of the prognosis of pemphigus through the use of immunosuppressive therapy, few studies have been interested in comparing the clinical course of treated PF and PV. In the authors’ experience, PF should be treated as PV, as they may share a mutual evolutive profile. Further investigations are needed to define if the prognosis of PF depends on epidemiological, environmental, and genetic factors, including the optimal therapeutic management of this disease.
NEL NODDİNGS’İN İHTİMAM ETİĞİ PERSPEKTİFİNDEN HUKUK FAKÜLTELERİNDE GRUP ÇALIŞMALARI: ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ HUKUK FAKÜLTESİ ‘HUKUKA FELSEFEYLE BAKMAK’ GRUBU ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Emre
Published: June 2022

Çalışmada, ana hatlarıyla Carol Gilligan’ın ihtimam etiği anlayışı üzerinden kavramın ele alınışı söz konusudur. İhtimam etiğinin ne olduğu, hangi şartlarda değerlendirilebileceği ve etik bir teori olarak neyi amaçladığı ifade edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Çalışmada özellikle hukuk fakültesi öğrencilerinin, eğitim modeli ön planda tutulmaktadır. Bunun nedeni hukuk fakültelerinde eğitim metodu olarak monolog ve takrir yöntemlerinin daha çok tercih edilmesidir. Böylece Nel Noddings’in ihtimam etiği anlayışının, eğitim metodu olarak nasıl kullanılabileceği çeşitli çalışmalarından yararlanılarak açıklanmıştır. Aynı zamanda ihtimama göre eylemenin Noddings açısından yalnızca kadınlara özgü bir davranış şekli olmadığı da vurgulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada örnek olarak, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi grup çalışmaları seçilmiştir ve seçilen çalışma grubu 2019-2020 eğitim döneminde faaliyet göstermiştir. Noddings’in ihtimam etiğinin, eğitimde oynadığı role ilişkin görüşleri, bu çalışma grubundan geri bildirimler alınarak değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Geri bildirimlerin değerlendirilmesi de ihtimama göre eylemenin önemine işaret edecek özellikler barındırmaktadır.
Credit Risk Management in International Trade Based On the Research of China
Authors: Hu Shitang , Liang* Jingjing
Published: June 2022

International trade is always accompanied by high risks due to its characteristics: complex, involving many counterparties, and time-delay. Among those risks, credit risk is the issue that Chinese foreign trade firms should take into grave account, under the influence of RCEP and Covid-19. This paper will point out the limitations of some foreign trade enterprises through a case study and provides relevant suggestions: building a credit rating system; gaining more information about the counterpart; establishing a comprehensive risk management system. This paper is expected to help foreign trade enterprises manage their credit risks and make preparations for the new period after RCEP comes into effect.
MIGRASI BURUH PADA PERKEBUNAN TEBU DI MOJOKERTO 1901-1942
Authors: Fani Dwi Evi , Marsudi Marsudi , Ridhoi Ronal
Published: June 2022

Afdeeling Mojokerto is the second largest contributor to sugar production in Surabaya. Land expansion competition, acceleration of production results, as well as the pressure of life and a liberal economy encourage people to turn into laborers in sugar factories and plantations. The agrarian law of 1870 had an impact on the transfer of rights of state land ownership to private entrepreneurs. This shift caused the opening of new economic sectors which created a need for wage workers. This study aims to observe the migration of sugar cane plantation workers in Mojokerto region. The result of this study shows that migration, supported by an increase in health services, a conducive environment for settlement, and improvement in transportation infrastructure, substantively also present various problems coming from changes in the spatial structure due to the massive number of native laborers who came to the area. Therefore, the novelty of the study is the position of workers at the local level in the demographic problem that arises because of migration.
ASAL-USUL, BENTUK, DAN EKSISTENSI TARI LANGSIR DARI ETNIK HALOBAN
Authors: Putra Dharma Kelana
Published: June 2022

Langsir dance is one of the traditional dances of Haloban ethnic, which lives in Tuangku Island, Aceh Singkil Regency. This dance was lost for 20 years, yet it is brought back without any government intervention. This phenomenon leads to the assumption that the traditional dance is not only played for entertaining people, but it also contains more values. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method, which aims to describe langsir dance as it is. Primary data were collected by using observation techniques and in-depth interviews. Meanwhile, secondary data were obtained from literature and documentation of photos and video recordings. Langsir dance turns out to have unique elements that are different from other local dances, such as aesthetic floor patterns, thirtytwo movement variations instructed by the instructor, as well as a combination patterns of coherent and chronological movement. Although this dance was not played for more than 20 years, the knowledge of this dance is still alive in the collective memory of the community. Therefore, when the young generation of Haloban are inspired to learn about their culture, this art is able to be revived even without any government’s revitalization program.
Decolonization and the right to self-determination
Authors: Shikova Natalija
Published: June 2022

The ideas about self-determination evolved from the Wilsonian understanding of self-governance - to a norm and drive for decolonization that changed the 20th century’s landscape. Despite its general proclamation as a right to all, the UN applied it as a “principle of saltwater”. Hence, the only legitimate right holder – colonial peoples could realize self-determination under several legal instruments and within the principle of uti possidetis juris that preserved the artificiality of the borders. The legal controversies of the decolonization processes are numerous and its loose end appears to be present up to now since the same principles were applied during the dissolution of the socialistic federations after the fall of the Iron Curtain.
El imperio de la amenaza naciente:
Authors: Panera Martinez Pedro
Published: June 2022

El ascenso del Imperio japonés como potencia militar y naval desde mediados del siglo xix comenzó pronto a verse desde Madrid con recelo. La vibrante economía nipona y la creciente expansión de su población hicieron que Tokio comenzase a poner sus miras en la adquisición de territorios coloniales en el Pacífico y Asia Meridional que garantizar el acceso a recursos naturales que abasteciesen su industria y una salida para sus excedentes demográficos. España, una vieja potencia colonial atascada en sus interminables problemas internos y con escasa capacidad de reacción, detectó la amenaza que ello suponía para el manteamiento de sus territorios en la región y dispuso que sendos oficiales del Ejército y la Armada fueran destinados a Tokio como agregados a la Embajada, con la intención de que sirviesen en la recolección de cuanta información fuese de interés en previsión de un futuro conflicto.
Variation of the Pronotal Markings in Rhynchophorus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Species from Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
Authors: SAZALI SITI NURLYDIA
Published: June 2022

The notorious palm weevils from the genus Rhynchophorus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are known to be polymorphic and show high phenotypic plasticity. Due to these characteristics, this study attempts to document the typologies based on the pronotal markings observed from Kuala Terengganu population. Samples were collected using baited traps with pheromones and fruits as well as through handpicking method, where the sampling sites were located at two villages, namely, Kampung Tanjung Paya and Kampung Pulau Sekati. A total of 100 individuals were collected of which 19 typologies were successfully identified. Of all, the most prominent pattern observed was typology A, represented by 37 individuals. Findings from this study suggested that the variation was driven by various factors including resource limitation, habitat preference, diet preference and competition. However, a comprehensive study should be initiated to measure possible factor(s) which possibly induce the pronotal variation within Rhynchophorus at a local scale.
Geospatial Analysis of Habitat Suitability for Greater One-horned Rhino Rhinoceros unicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) in Central lowlands of Nepal using MaxEnt Model
Authors: JOSHI RAJEEV
Published: June 2022

The prime Greater One-horned Rhino’s (Rhinoceros unicornis) habitats include a mosaic of grasses, oxbow lakes, Shorea robusta forests, and alluvial floodplains and the major habitat of this species is riverine grasslands dominated by Imperata cylindrical and riverine forests dominated by Trewia nudiflora. This study was mainly focused on the analysis of habitat suitability of Rhinoceros unicornis in Nawalparasi, Chitwan, and Parsa districts of Nepal. The secondary data such as bioclimatic and topographical variables were collected from relevant sources. Spatial data were processed using various tools of ArcGIS while the presence data were converted using Excel, and analysis was done with Maxent. The results showed that approximately 75.17% (53.32 sq. km) of suitable area is occupied by Chitwan National Park. Similarly, Barandabhar Corridor Forest occupies 7.38% (18.89 sq. km) of the suitable area of the landscape. While, there is no area suitable for Greater One-horned Rhinoceros in Parsa National Park. Among Land Use Land Cover (LULC), the riverbed was found to be the most important variable. Invasion of invasive plants was found to be the most frequent disturbance factor followed by human disturbances and forest fires. Though grassland management is an important part of habitat management, it is highly recommended that the management of waterholes should be done. Protected Area manager should conduct localised habitat suitability assessment once the area is found suitable at the landscape level and further field verification should be done. Invasive plant control measures and alternatives to meet the forest product demand should be promoted.
Effectiveness of language teaching methods in improving the 11th grade English competencies: a case of Nampula secondary school in Mozambique
Authors: Alexandre Germito de Castro , Tsvara Peter
Published: June 2022

Language teaching methods in education play a seminal role in improving learners' linguistic competencies in any given language. Suppose teachers and educational practitioners are conversant and aware of the factors that determine the choice of a method for teaching and learning a language. In that case, they are able to employ appropriate and effective teaching methods depending upon the linguistic competencies they want to instill into their learners. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Language Teaching Methods (LTM) in improving learners' competencies in the English language among grade 11 learners of Nampula Secondary School (NSS) in Mozambique. In order to assess the effectiveness of LTM at NSS, a quantitative research approach was used with a descriptive research design. The sample consisted of 8 teachers of the English language and 113 learners. A simple random probability-sampling technique was used to recruit learners, and a purposive sampling technique was used to recruit teachers. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The study found that the teachers used Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and Cognitive Code Method (CCM) to teach the English language. Speaking, writing, reading, and listening were the skills that learners were expected to develop in the English language. The LTM used to teach the English language at NSS was ineffective because it did not lead to the desirable teaching competencies. The major recommendations were that; teachers should use Eclecticism to instill both productive and receptive skills in their learners.
Sosial Ekonomi dan Pengetahuan Ibu Terhadap Pemberian Asi Eksklusif
Authors: Nurfatimah Nurfatimah , Labusa Pertiwi , Noya Fransisca , Longgupa Lisda Widianti , Entoh Christina , Siregar Nilda Yulita , Ramadhan Kadar , Usman Hastuti
Published: June 2022

The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding at Puskesmas Tokorondo from 2018-2019 decreased from 50.8% to 28%. Lack of knowledge and intensive promotion of formula milk is one of the causes to  low exclusive breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to discover the relationship between socio-economic factors and the level of knowledge of mothers about exclusive breastfeeding at the Puskesmas Tokorondo. This study using an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. The number of population were 46 people that is mothers who have toddlers aged 6-12 months in the working area of Puskesmas Tokorondo. The sample in this study was 36 people, using consecutive sampling technique. Research shows that more exclusive breastfeeding is found on the low-educated mothers (60%), unemployed mothers (23.5%), high-income (50%), and well-informed (100%). There is a correlation between the knowledge level and exclusive breast-feeding (p= 0.001) while education (p= 0.217), work (p=1,000), and income (p= 0.436) has no relation to exclusive breast-feeding. It is hoped that health workers can be a source of information to the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for infant aged up to 6 months and after 6 months old. After six months, continued with the complementary feeding as well as continuing the breastfeed until the aged of 2 years, along with the support of the husband and particularly the family as an effort to increase the scope of exclusive breastfeeding.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KAPUR DAN LAMA WAKTU PENGERINGAN TERHADAP KETAHANAN GRANULA MEDIA TANAM UNTUK TANAMAN AIR
Authors: Sukmawati Aldila Maysela , Wibowo Agung Ari
Published: June 2022

Aquascape saat ini mempunyai ketertarikan besar terhadap tanaman air. Tujuan utama untuk menciptakan  visibilitas bawah air yang bagus di akuarium dan membuatnya terlihat lebih menarik secara visual, dengan  mempertimbangkan aspek perawatan tanaman air. Untuk membuat aquascape salah satu hal penting yaitu  substrate soil. Dalam pembuatan substrate soil menggunakan bahan baku berupa tanah humus dan tanah  taman. Karena substrate soil ini mudah hancur pada saat didasar air maka diperlukan bahan tambahan berupa  perekat yaitu kapur organik. Kapur organik ini berfungsi sebagai perekat karena kapur organik mempunyai sifat  plastis yaitu bisa mengeras dengan cepat sehingga memberi kekuatan pengikat. Tujuan penelitian ini  adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa lama ketahanan granula dalam dasar air dan mengetahui pH air yang  diperoleh. Proses pembuatan substrate soil diawali dengan pencampuran bahan baku tanah humus dan tanah  taman kemudian dicampur dengan bahan tambahan perekat berupa kapur dan di seprai dengan air lalu proses  granulasi dalam bak. Variabel untuk jumlah perekat kapur organik menggunakan perbandingan 10%, 15%, dan  20% dari total berat bahan baku. Kemudian granula yang sudah terbentuk akan disangrai menggunakan api  kompor hingga kandungan airnya berkurang. Variabel pengeringan terdiri dari 30 detik, 60 detik, dan 90 detik. Dari data hasil analisis yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin banyak kandungan kapur maka  semakin kuat ketahanan bentuk granula, selain itu juga semakin stabil pH yang diperoleh.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MOLASE DAN ARANG TERHADAP KETAHANAN DAN PH AIR SERTA KEJERNIHAN GRANULA PADA PEMBUATAN SOIL SUBSTRATE
Authors: Amalia Rizqi Putri , Wibowo Agung Ari
Published: June 2022

Soil substrate adalah media tanam aquascape yang merupakan bagian dasar dari aquascape yang bersentuhan  langsung dengan akar tanaman. Fungsi dari soil susbstrat selain untuk media tanam yaitu untuk menutrisi  tumbuhan. Pembuatan soil substrate menggunakan bahan baku tanah dan humus. Untuk meningkatkan  ketahanan bentuk granula soil substrate, pada penelitian ini digunakan molasses sebagai perekat. Tujuan dari  penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengunaan molase dan arang terhadap kejernihan dan pH air serta ketahanan  granula pada pembuatan soil substrate. Proses pembuatan substrate soil diawali dengan pencampuran bahan  baku tanah humus dan tanah taman kemudian dicampur dengan bahan tambahan perekat berupa molase yang  dispreykan. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu molase 10 mL, 20 mL dan 30 mL dengan pengenceran dengan air 1 : 10 dengan variasi persen arang 5%, 10% dan 15% dengan metode wet granulation. Dari hasil penelitian dapat  disimpulkan bahwa semakin banyak kadar molase memiliki ketahanan bentuk granula yang lebih baik  dibandingkan dengan sampel blangko. Semakin banyak arang maka kejernihan air dalam aquascape semakin  jernih walaupun granula dalam keadaan hancur.
EFEK PEMANASAN MENGGUNAKAN API DAN SINAR MATAHARI TERHADAP KETAHANAN GRANUL MEDIA TANAM UNTUK TANAMAN AIR
Authors: Prianggoro Kukuh Whisnu , Wibowo Agung Ari
Published: June 2022

Substrate atau media tanam aquascape adalah lapisan paling atas yang bersentuhan langsung dengan akar  tanaman. Substrate Soil telah dilengkapi dengan nutrisi dalam merangsang pertumbuhan tanaman secara  optimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan metode pemanasan menggunakan api dan sinar  matahari terhadap ketahanan granul media tanam tanaman air. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode  basah dan metode kering dengan bahan pembantu yaitu arang. Dari hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa  pemanasan metode api lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode sinar matahari. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil  perendaman substrate soil di dalam air menunjukkan bahwa soil dengan pemanasan api lebih tahan dari  pemanasan sinar matahari. Hasil Analisa TDS pemanasan metode api memiliki nilai yang lebih rendah  dibandingkan pemanasan metode sinar matahari yaitu sebesar 210 – 340 mg/l untuk pemanasan metode api  dan 300 – 410 mg/l untuk pemanasan metode sinar matahari. Berdasarkan hasil menunjukkan bahwa  pemanasan metode api memiliki hasil analisa yang sesuai untuk keberlangsungan ekosistem aquascape.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SUSU KAPUR TERHADAP NILAI TURBIDITY NIRA TEBU DALAM PEMBUATAN GULA PASIR
Authors: Milaniyah Inun , Chrisnandari Rosita Dwi , Setyawan Kristian Dony
Published: June 2022

Kebutuhan gula pasir semakin tinggi seiring meningkatnya pertumbuhan penduduk di Indonesia. Oleh karena  itu industri gula berusaha untuk meningkatkan produksi dan kualitas yang baik. Gula pasir dapat dikatakan baik  apabila selama proses pembuatan tidak terjadi browning sehingga produk gula pasir berwarna putih. Browning  terjadi jika selama proses pembuatan gula pasir, nira tebu memiliki tingkat kekeruhan yang tinggi. Untuk  menghindari proses browning maka industri gula melakukan perlakuan terhadap nira tebu dengan proses  defekasi atau penambahan susu kapur ke dalam nira tebu hingga pH tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan susu kapur terhadap nilai turbidity nira tebu. Penelitian dilakukan  dengan memasak nira mentah tebu dari stasiun gilingan Pabrik Gula Wonolangan sebanyak 500 mL hingga  suhu 75oC, kemudian ditambah dengan susu kapur hingga variasi pH campuran nira dan susu kapur mencapai  8,5 ; 8,6 ; 8,8 dan 9,0 lalu dipanaskan kembali hingga suhu ±105oC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan campuran nira  tebu dan susu kapur dengan pH 8,9 memiliki nilai turbidity terendah yaitu sebesar 599,37 NTU. Pada pH 8,9  susu kapur yang ditambahkan sebanyak ±4,2 mL. Selain itu, dapat diketahui nilai turbidity tertinggi adalah di pH  8,8 dan 9 yaitu masing-masing 1526,34 dan 1485,33 NTU.
STUDI PERHITUNGAN HEAT EXCHANGER TIPE DOUBLE PIPE SEBELUM REAKTOR PADA PRA-RANCANGAN PABRIK KIMIA CUCUMBER SOAP KAPASITAS PRODUKSI 6.300 TON/TAHUN
Authors: Ainursyiam Intan Mahrissa , Hendrawati Nanik
Published: June 2022

Pada situasi dan kondisi pandemi seperti ini, memicu orang-orang untuk selalu menjaga kesehatan dan  kebersihan dengan melakukan cuci tangan menggunakan sabun. Sabun merupakan sufraktan yang berguna  sebagai zat pembersih dan berasal dari reaksi saponifikasi trigliserida. Keberhasilan produk sabun, didapatkan  dari reaksi antara trigliserida (minyak) dan larutan alkali secara sempurna. Proses saponifikasi terjadi didalam  reaktor dengan kondisi operasi 90°C. Untuk mengurangi penggunaan steam dan beban dari reaktor maka,  diperlukan pemanasan awal sebelum memasuki reaktor terhadap larutan minyak dari suhu 30°C mencapai 70°C  dengan menggunakan alat penukar panas yaitu heat exchanger. Agar tercapai efisiensi yang lebih baik, maka diperlukan perancangan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pemanasan. Upaya terhadap perancangan ini, dilakukan  dengan cara memilih jenis heat exchanger, dan melakukan perhitungan terhadap dimensi dari heat exchanger.  Dari perhitungan menggunakan aplikasi microsoft exceel, didapatkan data berupa panjang pipa 12 ft, luas  perpindahan panas 50,754 ft2, dan juga menghasilkan fouling factor sebesar 0,003 Btu/jam.ft2.F yang mana hasil  tersebut sudah sama dengan nilai fouling factor ketentuan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa heat exchanger dalam  keadaan aman dan layak beroperasi tanpa adanya hambatan.
STUDI PERHITUNGAN HEAT EXCHANGER TIPE DOUBLE PIPE PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN SABUN MANDI PADAT DENGAN TAMBAHAN SARI CUCUMBER DAN KAPASITAS 6300 TON/ TAHUN
Authors: Damayanti Novia , Hendrawati Nanik
Published: June 2022

Kebutuhan sabun mandi di era pandemi mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan. Peningkatan kapasitas produksi  ataupun pembangunan pabrik baru diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar dalam negeri. Salah satu hal  yang perlu dilakukan dalam perancangan pabrik sabun adalah perhitungan Heat Exchanger. Dalam pembuatan  sabun menggunakan proses trigliserida dibutuhkan pemanasan awal bahan. Hal ini bertujuan untuk meringankan  beban reaktor dan memudahkan proses saponifikasi terjadi didalam reaktor saat proses reaksi berlangsung.  Selain itu, pemanas yang digunakan harus di desain terlebih dahulu agar layak digunakan dan dapat mengurangi  biaya pemeliharaan di masa depan. Desain alat ini akan didasarkan pada studi literatur dan perhitungan manual  menggunakan Ms. Excel . Proses pemanasan dilakukan dengan suhu bahan masuk Heat Exchanger sebesar 30◦C hingga suhu keluar dari Heat Exchanger yang akan masuk ke dalam Continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) menjadi 70◦C. Dari perhitungan menggunakan Ms. Excel didapatkan dimensi pipa dengan panjang hairpin 12 ft,  nilai luas perpindahan panas sebesar 20,880 ft2, serta nilai Foulling Factor (Rd) hitung sebesar 0,002 dan nilai  Foulling Factor (Rd) pembanding sebesar 0,002, sehingga dari hasil perhitungan tersebut spesifikasi Heat  Exchanger sudah memenuhi syarat dilihat dari nilai Foulling Factor (Rd) hitung sama dengan Foulling Factor (Rd)  ketentuan atau pembanding, yang mana Heat Exchanger dalam keadaan baik dan layak operasi.
DESAIN DIRECT CONTACT HEAT EXCHANGER (DCHE) PADA UNIT MASAKAN DEFEKASI - REMELT - KARBONATASI (DRK) DI PG KEBON AGUNG MALANG
Authors: Ramadhanty Alya Putri , Sindhuwati Christyfani , Azizah Tiara Nur , Saputra Firmansyah Agil
Published: June 2022

Gula adalah salah satu komoditas yang banyak diproduksi di Indonesia untuk digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari hari. Gula yang ada di Indonesia ummnya diproduksi dengan menggunakan nira tanaman tebu atau raw sugar.  Raw sugar yang digunakan akan dilelehkan dan dimurnikan kembali dengan menggunakan metode pemurnian  defekasi-karbonatasi. Pada PG Kebon Agung yang berada di Kabupaten Malang, proses ini dilakukan di unit  masakan Defekasi-Remelt-Karbonatasi (DRK). Gula yang telah dilelehkan kembali dengan air kemudian  dimasukkan ke rangkaian peralatan karbonatasi, salah satunya adalah reaktor karbonatasi. Pada kenyataannya,  reaktor ini memiliki beban kinerja yang cukup besar karena suhu bahan yang masuk sangat rendah. Untuk  menanggulangi masalah ini, sebuah peralatan pertukaran panas dengan jenis direct contact akan ditambahkan  pada rangkaian tersebut. Sebelum dipasangkan, peralatan perlu dirancang terlebih dahulu. Tujuan dari  dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan desain dari peralatan direct contact heat exchanger  (DCHE) yang akan dipasangkan pada unit DRK PG Kebon Agung. Untuk mendapatkan desain DCHE yang  dikehendaki, data lapangan serta data asumsi perlu dikumpulkan terlebih dahulu sebelum dilanjutkan dengan proses penghitungan dengan menggunakan berbagai rumus yang tersedia serta pembuatan gambar alatnya.  Berdasarkan penghitungan yang dilakukan, peralatan DCHE yang digunakan memiliki diameter luar sebesar  1,1222 meter dengan tinggi 10,4480 meter. Maka dari itu, peralatan ini dinilai layak dari segi ekonomi maupun  kegunaannya untuk digunakan pada proses pemanasan awal bahan sebelum masuk ke reaktor karbonatasi.
KUALITAS VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) HASIL FERMENTASI SELAMA ≥ 24 JAM MENGGUNAKAN RAGI ROTI DENGAN KONSENTRASI NUTRISI YEAST 6%
Authors: Setyorini Alvira Alwa , Lusiani Cucuk Evi
Published: June 2022

Pohon kelapa sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia karena hampir seluruh bagian kelapa dapat  dimanfaatkan, salah satunya yaitu daging buah kelapa. Salah satu produk olahan daging buah kelapa adalah  Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) yang dapat dibuat melalui proses fermentasi tanpa pemanasan dengan penambahan  ragi sebagai starter. VCO yang diolah tanpa pemanasan tidak akan merusak komponen penting yang  terkandung di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas VCO hasil fermentasi selama ≥ 24  jam menggunakan ragi roti dengan konsentrasi nutrisi yeast 6% b/v. Kualitas produk VCO ditinjau berdasarkan  yield, warna, aroma, rasa, dan pH. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan ragi roti pada waktu fermentasi  selama 24, 30, dan 36 jam. Berdasarkan hasil analisis produk VCO, dapat diketahui bahwa yield VCO paling  tinggi diperoleh pada waktu fermentasi selama 24 jam yaitu sebesar 18,1% dan nilai yield menurun seiring  dengan bertambahnya waktu fermentasi. Produk VCO yang dihasilkan memiliki sifat fisik yang sesuai dengan  syarat mutu Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7381:2008, yaitu tidak berwarna dan jernih, aroma khas kelapa  segar, dan rasa khas minyak kelapa. Untuk analisis nilai pH, produk VCO yang dihasilkan pada waktu fermentasi  selama 24 hingga 36 jam dengan menggunakan ragi roti memiliki nilai pH yang sama yaitu 5.
STUDY ON DOUBLE-EFFECT DISTILLATION PROCESS FOR SEPARATING METHANOL-WATER USING ASPEN PLUS V10
Authors: Putri Zauziah Pramiswari , Lusiani Cucuk Evi , Zhishan Zhang
Published: June 2022

Methanol (also known as CH3OH, methyl alcohol, hydroxymethane, wood alcohol, or carbinol) is a widely used  primary raw material. It is one of the first organic chemicals to find extensive laboratory and industrial use.  Methanol and water are ideal binary systems that can be separated by conventional distillation. This study aims  to separate methanol-water using a simulated double-effect distillation process in Aspen Plus. To obtain a higher  purity of methanol and consider the high energy consumption of the distillation process, double-effect distillation  with a double column was used. Furthermore, the single-column and double-effect distillation processes can be  simulated by Aspen Plus software. The software version used in this simulation is Aspen Plus V.10 with NRTL  thermodynamics methods as binary interaction parameters. The double effect distillation column was equipped  with a heat exchanger, splitter, and pump. Moreover, a design specification is needed to get the purity of  methanol as wanted. Compared to each column process, the temperature profile of each column process is  directly proportional to the number of stages. By simulation process that has been carried out, the purity of  methanol in the single-column process and double-effect distillation process is slightly different with 97.1% and  97.2%, respectively. In the double-effect distillation process, columns C1 and C2 save 0.6% and 0.37% of energy  in the single-column process, respectively. It indicates that the double-effect distillation has obvious advantages  over single-column distillation in terms of purity of methanol and energy saving.
The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 on Smoking Cessation
Authors: Demir Elif Karatas , Zeren Öztürk Guzin , Gelmez Tas Beray
Published: June 2022

Aim: We aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and smoking cessation success. Methods: The study is an observational analytic study. It was conducted prospectively and we included people who applied to the smoking cessation outpatient clinic between 01 Oct 2020 and 31 Oct 2020 and agreed to participate in the study. A questionnaire prepared by the researchers, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence were applied to the participants. When necessary treatments had been initiated, a particular date is determined for each participant as a smoking cessation date. Participants were called in the 1st month and 3rd months from the smoking cessation day to enquire whether they quit smoking. Results: A total of 222 people participated in this study. The mean score of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale was calculated as 18.77±6.45. The success rate of smoking cessation in the 3rd month was 55% (n=122). No significant relationship was found between smoking cessation success and the score of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Conclusion: Although we cannot associate it with the fear of COVID-19 alone, we believe that the pandemic increases the success of early smoking cessation. To maintain these success rates, it is important to provide adequate support to the patients. Keywords: COVID-19, fear, smoking cessation, tobacco smoking
Prediction of Stature to Discriminate Chest X-Ray Using Longitudinal Scapular and Clavicular Lengths
Authors: Tan Tabakoglu Nilgun , Karabulut Derya
Published: June 2022

Aim: In clinical examinations, it is sometimes unknown whether the chest X-ray belongs to the patient. Here, we aimed to develop estimation equations that can predict the stature of male and female patients using scapular and clavicular length measurements on chest X-rays to determine to who the chest X-ray belongs.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 adult patients (104 females and 96 males; mean age 50.6 years) who underwent a routine posteroanterior chest x-ray. The longitudinal scapular length and longitudinal clavicular length were measured on the chest x-ray. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop the estimation equations. External validation of the estimated equations was tested on 100 adult patients (50 females and 50 males; mean age 56.7 years) and agreement between measured and estimated stature was investigated by the Bland and Altman method.

Results: Stature was equal to 11.1-fold of longitudinal scapular length and 10.5-fold of longitudinal clavicular length in males while it was equal to 11.8-fold of longitudinal scapular length and 10.7-fold of longitudinal clavicular length in females. Stature was found to be significantly correlated with age, weight, longitudinal scapular length, and longitudinal clavicular length in men, and with age and longitudinal clavicular length in women. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed an estimation equation for stature in males was: 131.3 - 0.174 (Age) + 0.161 (Weight) + 0.083 (longitudinal scapular length) + 0.134 (longitudinal clavicular length), and in females was 131.2 - 0.137 (Age) + 0.225 (longitudinal clavicular length). There was good agreement between measured and estimated stature in male and female patients.

Conclusion: The stature of the patient can be estimated using the derived equations based on the longitudinal scapular length and longitudinal clavicular length measurements on chest x-ray. If it is not possible to determine to who the chest X-ray belongs in clinical practice, the patient's stature can be estimated with the help of the equations and possible errors can be prevented.

Keywords: chest x-ray, clavicle, scapula, estimation techniques, stature
Undergraduate Medical Student’s Perception About the Academic Learning Environment in Medical Colleges of North India: A Multicentric Study
Authors: Sharma Ashish Kumar , Singh Ajeet Pal , Singh Ankit , Singh Anuj , Singh Arub , M Amruth
Published: June 2022

Aim: To improve the learning environment of medical institutions, this study was conducted to estimate the undergraduate medical student’s perception of the academic learning environment at their institutions.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical, survey-based, multi-centric study among undergraduate medical students from three different medical colleges in Western Uttar Pradesh, India. The data was collected with an online survey including socio-demographic questions and the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure Inventory.

Results: A total of 283 medical students participated. The total Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure Inventory score was 125.22, whereas in 5 domains of the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure Inventory were students’ perception of learning with a score of 29.18, students’ perception of teachers with a score of 27.18, students’ academic self-perception with a score of 19.11, students’ perception of atmosphere with a score of 30.25, and students’ social self-perception with a score of 18.87 respectively.

Conclusion: The mean total Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure Inventory score was 125.22 indicative of "a more positive than negative perception". This indicates there is potential scope for excellence in the learning environment by medical institutions through regular evaluation and corrections.

Keywords: medical education, medical students, learning, environment, inventories