bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress Bio-markers in Labeo rohita Fingerlings Exposed to Silica Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Upreti Ujjwala , Kumar Avdhesh
Published: September 2024

Background: The present study was conducted to study the Oxidative stress bio-markers in Labeo rohita fingerlings exposed to Silica oxide nanoparticles. Methods: A total number of 180 fishes were randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 fishes each viz. E0 (control), E1 (SiO2NPs @ 2 mg/L), E2 (SiO2NPs @ 4 mg/L) and E3 (SiO2NPs @ 6 mg/L) and each group was set in triplicates. After acclimatization period of 14 days fishes were exposed to SiO2NPs in groups E0, E1, E2 and E3 and oxidative stress was estimated every 15 days up to experimental period of 90 days. Result: Findings showed a significant decline in Catalase activity and Superoxide dismutase and an increase in Lipid peroxidation at the end of the experimental period in the fingerlings exposed to Silica oxide nanoparticles.
Relative Economic Profitability of Millet based Crop Rotations with Chickpea in Hisar District of Haryana
Authors: Dhaka A.K. , Singh Bhagat , . Kamal , Jat R.D. , Bishnoi Dalip Kumar , Kumar Amit
Published: September 2024

Background: Millets and pulses are the most important dryland crops grown in both Kharif and Rabi seasons in the semi-arid regions of the country for food, feed and animal fodder. These crops also show considerable resilience to changing climate (drought, heat and nutrient stresses). For diversification of Pearl millet-Chickpea rotation, adoption of small millets (finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, little millet, brown top millet, barnyard millet and kodo millet) in addition to pearl millet may be viable option. Methods: A field experiment was carried out at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India during 2022-23 in randomized block design in Kharif and Rabi season, replicated thrice with eight treatments (foxtail millet, little millet, brown top millet, proso millet, kodo millet, barnyard millet, finger millet and pearl millet) in Kharif season and eight crop rotations (foxtail millet-chickpea, little millet- chickpea, brown top millet- chickpea, proso millet- chickpea, kodo millet-chickpea, barnyard millet- chickpea, finger millet- chickpea and pearl millet- chickpea) in Rabi season to evaluate economic profitability of eight millet based crop rotations with chickpea. Result: During Kharif season among all millets (foxtail millet, little millet, brown top millet, proso millet, kodo millet, barnyard millet, finger millet and pearl millet) tested, Pearl millet was found most suitable, which produced significantly higher grain yield (2462 kg/ha), biological yield (10066 kg/ha), net energy returns (121552 MJ/ha), energy intensiveness (14.0 MJ/USD), human energy profitability (133.3 MJ/ha) compared to all other millets. In Rabi season chickpea sown after Foxtail millet recorded significantly higher seed yield (2080 kg/ha), biological yield (8923 kg/ha), net returns (Rs. 66713/ha), B:C (2.44), net energy returns (120497 MJ/ha), energy ratio (19.27), energy productivity (0.31 kg/MJ), energy profitability (18.27 MJ/ha) and human energy profitability (134.2 MJ/ha).
Improving Balanced Accuracy for Minority Plant Species under Data Imbalance
Authors: Gonzalez-Villanueva Ruben , Carranza-Rojas Jose
Published: September 2024

Regardless of the widely known success of deep learning in classification, such models are commonly measured by metrics that do not account for data imbalance, especially in terms of predictions per class, ignoring minority classes. This can be a problem, as minority classes are often the most difficult to predict and collect data for. In the plant domain, for example, species with fewer samples are often the ones that are hardest to collect and predict in the field. As we continue to identify more and more plant species, more of them become minority species, making it increasingly difficult to accurately classify them using traditional machine learning methods. To address this issue, we explore the combination of traditional data and machine learning approaches with deep learning techniques such as self-supervision in a preprocessing stage. By using self-supervised training together with different sampling algorithms and class weights, we were able to improve the balanced accuracy metric for minority plant species by between 7.9% and 13% without affecting general accuracy. This shows that using deep learning techniques in combination with traditional machine learning methods can help to improve the accuracy of predictions for minority classes, even in domains where data is limited.
Proposal of self and semi-supervised learning for imbalanced classification of coronary heart disease tabular data
Authors: Xie-Li Danny , González-Hernández Manfred
Published: September 2024

Triple Mixup is an augmentation policy in the hidden latent space we introduced in the Contrastive Mixup Self-Semi Supervised learning framework, to address the imbalanced data problem, for Cardiovascular Heart Diseases tabular dataset. Medical tabular datasets are known to present challenges as high imbalanced class, limited annotated quality samples due to the domain nature. Recent literature in Self and Semi supervised learning, has shown tremendous progress in learning useful representations, and leveraging unlabeled dataset and labeled dataset to train a learning model. Most existing methods are not feasible for tabular data due to the data augmentation scheme. In addition, the high imbalanced problem can show lower performance on machine learning algorithms. For this work, we propose the triple data augmentation method in hidden space to attack the unbalanced challenge in self-supervised and semi-supervised learning, from the possible applications of Contrastive Mixup, thus we will study the influence of it.
Preliminary analysis of acoustic detection of the Red-throated Caracara in northern Costa Rica
Authors: Vargas-Masís Roberto , Quesada Diego
Published: September 2024

The noisy Red-Throated Caracara (Ibycter americanus) is a species whose population has inexplicably declined across much of its range and is now rare in the Pacific and Caribbean slopes of Costa Rica. Advances in automatic acoustic detection have transformed bird ecology, allowing researchers to analyze bird populations using pattern matching algorithms, machine learning, and random forest models. Although these studies are limited in the country, it represents an area with great interdisciplinary potential for technological advances. This study focused on the use of Pattern Matching to detect the presence of the Red-Throated Caracara in northern Costa Rica using a large number of sound recordings and its validation with metrics such as Accuracy, Precision Negative predictive value, Sensitivity, Specificity and Unweighted average recall. The results showed a moderate performance of the model by obtaining accuracy and precision values of 0.71 compared to the values obtained in other investigations in which the reported model was used. Therefore, we suggest exploring new techniques and methods to improve the detection of the species, considering the particular acoustic structure, the repertoire of sounds of the species and similarities with vocalizations of other species. This similarity could indicate a supposed anti-predator defense behavior by “imitating” the sounds of other species with which it shares habitat. To optimize this acoustic detection, we recommend using complementary techniques such as noise filters that improve the quality and precision of the data.
Artificial intelligence, machine learning and GIS in environmental engineering: current trends
Authors: Hernández-Alpízar Laura , Gómez-Mejía José Andrés , Argüello-Vega María Belén
Published: September 2024

The use of computational tools, such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning or Geographic Information Systems, has had a significant impact on the knowledge generated on environmental issues in recent years. The number of publications shown in this preliminary review of the IEEE Xplore Digital Library database shows its broad applicability and scientific relevance. Search filters and keywords such as water, air, soil, climate change, energy and waste were used. The data obtained was processed to visualize the proportion of use in key topics of environmental interest, giving scientific guidance towards the sites of greatest applicability, as well as towards areas that deserve to be reinforced. In this way, this work aims to promote the development of collaborative work solutions in the related areas of environmental and computational engineering.
Presentación
Authors: Segura-Castillo Andrés , Arias-Méndez Esteban , Rodríguez-Calvo Mauricio , Jiménez-Picado Cindy
Published: September 2024

presentacion
Strategi Pembinaan Sikap Moderasi Beragama Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri
Authors: Tuala Riyuzen Praja , Wachidah Nor Rochmatul
Published: September 2024

This research is motivated by two things. First, theoretical facts state that every religion carries a mission of peace and salvation for all (rahmatan lil alamin), upholds human dignity, balance, justice and humanity. Second, the development of science and technology has led to an increase in human ability to understand religious texts. This research aims to find out, analyze and describe strategies, supporting and inhibiting factors in fostering attitudes of religious moderation in Islamic Religious College students at UIN Raden Intan Lampung. Type of qualitative descriptive research. Data was collected using interview and documentation methods. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Test the validity of the data using source triangulation. Research findings show that there are three strategies for fostering religious moderation attitudes of UIN Raden Intan Lampung students. First, the outdoor-indoor activity strategy is implemented in the form of moderation camp activities and outreach to strengthen religious moderation. Second, the modeling strategy is carried out by selecting student figures who are active in student organizations and UKM and have exemplary potential. Third, a holistic education strategy, carried out by providing coaching material referring to PMA number 93 of 2022 and studied from various scientific perspectives and real experiences in society. Supporting factors include the support of the Indonesian Ministry of Religion, the high commitment of the leadership of UIN RIL. Inhibiting factors include resistance from some senior student organizations who want balanced representation of participation in activities for all internal campus organizations. This is not in line with the available budget capabilities. The number of UIN Raden Intan Lampung students is quite large, and the majority of them come from general secondary schools, causing the implementation of the religious moderation development program to take quite a long time. Likewise, students' different religious understanding backgrounds require varied methods, a balanced number of resource persons/instructors/coaches/mentors with adequate religious moderation competence.
Navigating the Criminal Justice System: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence on the Experiences of Homicide Covictims
Authors: Lawal Hassanat Mojirola , Shaw Liz , Orr Noreen , Briscoe Simon , Melendez-Torres G. J. , Garside Ruth , Coon Jo Thompson
Published: September 2024

Homicide is considered a crime against the state rather than the covictims, which impacts criminal justice system (CJS) processes and can lead to secondary victimization. This review explores the experience of covictims (i.e., family members) engaging with the CJS. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria and were identified through searching six bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Health Management Information Consortium, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, and Social Science Citation Index) and supplementary searches. Two reviewers conducted screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal. Thematic synthesis resulted in three themes: (a) information and meaningful inclusion, (b) who is the justice system for?, and (c) relating to victims as people. These themes highlight concerns regarding the marginalization of covictims within the CJS and suggest ways to enhance processes to avoid further marginalizing and traumatizing covictims.
Perspective of ecocycles for human well-being and health: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dávid Lóránt Dénes , Szivós Etelka , Rahmat Al Fauzi
Published: September 2024

The ecocycle is essential in extending the sustainable development cycle for human health and well-being. It needs to be highlighted to see what issues are behind the crossing of issues circulating so far. This research aims to explore ecocycle studies for human well-being and health during 2000-2023. A suitable bibliometric study has been conducted that visualizes the evolution and development trend of the selected studies, themes distribution, trails, keywords, and other metrics, which have been highlighted using the Biblioshiny tool derived from the R-studio package. The results found that the ecocycle for human well-being and health study has fluctuated in its evolution of publication trends, but impacts have been addressed each annual year. Prescott S.L. is a scholar who actively publishes papers, and an article by Miller K.E published in 2010 is the most cited article (n=867). The journal “International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health” was the leading source of topics, and “University of Toronto” had the most affiliates. Furthermore, the United States served as a prolific country; trending topics such as sustainability, ecology, and mental health were among the top three. Likewise, well-being was a popular theme of research, whereby variable factors of physiology were closely coordinated. In addition, depression, inflammation, biophilosophy, and zoonosis are also featured in ecocycle studies for human well-being and health for recent publications and are expected to become future study directions.
BIRTH STATISTICS OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANCİES; EVALUATION OF MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES
Authors: Eminov Elmin , Eminov Ayşe
Published: September 2024

Aim
This study aims to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes of adolescent pregnant women who gave birth in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Ağrı Training and Research Hospital.
Materials and Methods
The study was conducted as a retrospective study. The automation system of Ağrı Training and Research Hospital was used to conduct the study, and the data of 1560 patients who gave birth between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, were examined retrospectively. 263 patients were excluded from the study due to missing data. The patients were divided into two groups: early adolescence and late adolescence. 84 patients in the early adolescence group and 1213 patients in the late adolescence group were included.
Results
A statistical difference was detected between the groups regarding age, gravida, and parity (p
Meme kanseri hücresi tanımlayan biyosensör
Authors: Ozden Piskin Ayse Kevser
Published: September 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmada meme kanseri hücrelerini membran reseptörleri aracıyla tanımlayabilen yüksek hassasiyet ve özgüllükle çalışan hızlı bir tanı aracı oluşturmak hedeflendi. Kuvars kristal mikrodenge (QCM) sistemi hücrelerin reseptörlerine özgü ligantlarla işlevselleştirilerek etkin bir biyosensör geliştirmek amaçlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Biyosensörler afinite prensibiyle çalışan biyoreseptör ve dönüştürücü bölümden oluşan hassas tanı araçlarıdır. Kuvars kristal mikrodenge sistemi kuvars kristal rezonatörünün frekansındaki minimal kütle artışlarına bağlı değişimi saptar. QCM çipi öncelikle hazırladığımız polimerik nanopartiküllerle kaplandı. Nanopartikül tabakasının üzerine transferrin, noç 4 ve her2/neu monoklonal antikoru gibi ligantlar bağlanarak yüzey işlevselleştirildi. Modifiye edilen QCM çip yüzeyinin kimyasal ve fiziksel özellikleri incelendi. İnsan meme kanseri hücreleri MDA-MB 231 ve SKBR3 ile kontrol fibroblast hücreleri L929, kültürde çoğaltılarak deneylere hazırlandı. Hücreler PBS içinde çip yüzeyinden geçirildi ve QCM sisteminde hücre tutunmasına bağlı olarak oluşan frekans değişimleri saptandı. Geliştirilen biyosensör sisteminin bağlanma kinetiği, hassasiyeti ve tekrar kullanılabilirliği belirlendi.
Bulgular: QCM çipi kaplamak için hazırlanan nanopartiküllerin çapı 73.22 nm ve polidispersitesi 0.229 olarak bulundu ve yüzeyi homojen bir şekilde kapladıkları gözlendi. Transferrin, noç 4 ve her2/neu monoklonal antikoru ile işlevselleştirilen QCM’in saptama limiti 4-10 hücre/ml olarak saptandı. Bağlanmanın Langmuir tipinde olduğu hesaplandı.
Sonuç: Geliştirilen QCM temelli biyosensör meme kanseri hücrelerini reseptörleri aracılığıyla hızlı, hassas ve seçici biçimde tanımladı. Biyosensör tekrarlı kullanımda etkinliğini korudu. Bu hızlı tanı aracının klinik uygulamalarda yer alabileceği sonucuna varıldı.
Distal pankreatektomide pankreas güdüğünü kapatma yöntemlerinin postoperatif pankreatik fistül üzerine etkisi
Authors: Akpınar Göksever , Eyduran Batuhan , Tuncer Korhan , Dikişer Fatma , Güler Necdet
Published: September 2024

Amaç: Çalışmamızda, DP’de pankreas güdüğünü kapatma yöntemleri ile POPF arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastanemizde 2017-2023 yıllarında DP uygulanan hastalar, retrospektif olarak tarandı. Hastalar, ISGPF 2016 tanımlamasına göre POPF gelişen grup ve gelişmeyen grup olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Güdük kapatma yöntemleri; sütürasyon, stapler kullanımı, stapler kullanımını takiben sütürasyon olmak üzere 3 grupta incelendi. Uygulanan her yöntemin sonucunda POPF görülen ve görülmeyen gruplar karşılaştırılarak yöntemlerin her birinin POPF ile ilişkisi istatistiksel açıdan değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 27 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalardan 10’una (%37,1) pankreas tümörü, 11’ine (%40,7) pankreasa invazyon gösteren başka organ tümörü, 5’ine (%18,5) travma, 1’ine (%3,7) kist hidatik nedeniyle DP uygulanmıştı. Hastaların 16’sı (%59,3) erkek, 11’i (%40,7) kadındı. Ortanca yaş 63 (44-70) idi. POPF görülmeyen hasta sayısı 20 (%74) iken POPF görülen hasta sayısı 7 (%26) idi. POPF görülmeyen grupta pankreas güdüğünü kapatma yöntemi sütürasyon olan hasta sayısı 11 (%55), stapler kullanımı olan 8 (%40), stapler kullanımını takiben sütürasyon olan 1 (%5) idi. POPF görülen grupta pankreas güdüğünü kapatma yöntemi sütürasyon olan hasta sayısı 3 (%42,8), stapler kullanımı olan 2 (%28,6), stapler kullanımını takiben sütürasyon olan hasta sayısı 2 (%28,6) idi. Gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p:0,232).
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda pankreas güdünü kapatma yöntemleri ile POPF arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı. Ancak yöntemlerin birbirinden üstün olduğunu gösteren farklı çalışmalar da literatürde mevcuttur. İlerleyen dönemde konuyla ilgili daha fazla çalışma yapılması konunun aydınlatılmasında oldukça faydalı olacaktır.
Content Analysis of YouTube™ Videos Related to Anaesthesia Practices in Circumcision Surgery in Children
Authors: Yeniay Dilek , Altınbaş Ali
Published: September 2024

Aim:The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the information provided for patients by the videos on anaesthesia applications in circumcision surgeries in children on YouTube™ video platform,an internet information source.
Materyal and Methods:The keywords ‘anaesthesia in circumcision surgery’ and ‘anaesthesia in circumcision surgery in children’ were typed into the search bar on YouTube™.A total of 220 videos were watched.The date of upload, number of views,duration,number of likes and dislikes,source of upload and number of comments were recorded.The reliability and quality of the video were assessed using the Global Quality Scale(GQS) and the modified DISCERN scale.
Results:After exclusion criteria, a total of 38 videos were evaluated.The videos were divided into four groups according to the anaesthetic method mentioned/recommended in the content.When compared between the groups in terms of GQS score,modified DISCERN score and video content,it was observed that the mean scores of the videos in the local anaesthesia group were statistically significantly lower than those in both general and local anaesthesia groups, separated by age(p<0.001).When the videos were evaluated according to the GQS score,15 videos(39.4%) were of low quality,15 videos(39.4%) were of medium quality and 8 videos(21%) were of high quality.The duration, number of interactions, modified DISCERN score and video content score of high quality videos were significantly higher than medium and low quality videos(p<0.05).
Conclusion:There is a narrow range of information about anaesthesia in circumcision surgery in children on the YouTube™ video platform and the content of videos on this topic is mostly inadequate.
On the generating graph of a finite group
Authors: Mohammed Salih Haval M.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we study the generating graph for some finite groups which are semi-direct product ℤn ⋊ ℤm (direct product ℤn × ℤm) of cyclic groups ℤn and ℤm. We show that the generating graphs of them are regular (bi-regular, tri-regular) connected graph with diameter 2 and girth 3 if n and m are prime numbers. Several graph properties are obtained. Furthermore, the probability that 2-randomly elements that generate a finite group G is P(G) = |{(a,b) ∈ G×G|G=❬a,b❭}|/|G|2. We find the general formula for P(G) of given groups. Our computations are done with the aid of GAP and the YAGs package.
Growth Performance of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatus cultivated in Ekas Bay, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Cokrowati Nunik , Nuryatin Nuryatin , Jayusri Jayusri , Jum'at Muhammad , Muahidah Nuri
Published: September 2024

alvarezii is a superior product of Indonesian fisheries, producing carrageenan which is used as a food, cosmetic, and medicinal ingredient. K. striatus is a carrageenan-producing red alga that began to be cultivated in the Ekas waters of East Lombok in 2023. K. striatus is more resistant to epiphytes and sudden climate change. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatus. The research was conducted in Ekas Bay, Jerowaru District, East Lombok Regency. The research was conducted from November 8, 2023, to January 8, 2024. This research used an experimental method with T-test analysis. Treatments in this research are the cultivation of K. alvarezii and K. striatus. Cultivation was carried out at Ekas Bay. Analysis of seaweed carrageenan was carried out in the Laboratory of Fish Production and Reproduction, Aquaculture Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Mataram University. The result of this research is K. striatus has a higher absolute weight of 154 g compared to K. alvarezii seaweed which is 72 g. The specific growth rate K. striatus higher at 2,98 % / day compared to K. alvarezii is 1, 98 % / day. The yield of carrageenan of K. alvarezii is 1,95% and K. striatus 0,88%. Antioxidant of K. alvarezii is 5,46 % and K. striatus is 7,42%. Chlorophyll K. alvarezii is 5,77 mg/l and K. striatus is 3,51 mg/l. The conclusion of this study is the growth of K. striatus is faster than K. alvarezii.
Leukocoria and Retinoblastoma in an Infant: A Case Presentation
Authors: Sayaseng Kammi Yap
Published: September 2024

It is imperative that pediatric health care providers preach and practice the importance of a thorough newborn (NB) assessment, whether within the first 24 hours of life, during the very first outpatient NB examination, or at any outpatient visits with the provider. These NB assessments identify abnormalities associated with anomalies, birth injuries, jaundice, or cardiopulmonary issues. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP, 2024) recommends that Preventative Pediatric Health Care include NBs being seen for their initial or interval history between days three to five of life.
Repertórios espaciais ancestrais sustentáveis: casos amazônicos
Authors: Blois Sâmyla , Duarte Cardoso Ana Claudia , Lima Giuliana , Castro Luana
Published: September 2024

Este artigo discute repertórios espaciais como ativos de conhecimento, sujeitos a disputas ideológicas e tecnológicas. A partir de análises morfológicas e da representação de transectos, adota três cidades amazônicas (Belém, Manaus e Santarém) para apresentar gradientes espaciais que caracterizam o território como espaço social etnosociodiverso, para além da dicotomia urbano-rural. As adaptações incorporam atributos físicos, diferentes escalas espaciais, rastreiam agentes e revelam padrões semelhantes nas três cidades de análise. Há tendência de apagamento de saberes ancestrais de populações que manejam o território, por conversão às paisagens normalizadas pelo capitalismo, quando a coexistência poderia apontar caminhos para justiça socioambiental e climática.
Gravity and Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Shi Junze
Published: September 2024

Theoretical physics addresses the fundamental principles of nature and the mysteries of the universe. In the last century, the theory of relativity challenged people's understanding of time and space, while quantum mechanics revealed various forms of energy. However, the concept of gravity remains elusive. All matter in the universe is composed of energy that can be converted into other forms, yet it is always conserved. However, achieving a state of equilibrium, represented by the equal sign, can be challenging to achieve on both macro and quantum scales. A phenomenon that can transition from one state to infinity is called collision and is essential for understanding natural phenomena and physical processes throughout the universe. In the study of general relativity cannot be three-dimensional problems to gain mathematical inspiration, understand the application of new dimensions. Here, we elucidate the nature of gravity, which inspires the solution of the Riemann hypothesis. Our results show that the conduction mode of dimensional energy is defined by Euler's formula. And a special mode of collision is derived which translates into vibration.
Effect of Chemical Treatment on Mechanical and Hygric Properties of an Innovative Clay-Sand Composite Reinforced with Juncus acutus Fibers
Authors: Ouerghi Hana , Hassini Lamine , Benazzouk Amar , Elcafsi Mohamed Afif
Published: September 2024

This work aims to investigate the impact of chemical treatment of Juncus acutus fibers on the hygric and mechanical performances of an innovative bio-sourced clay-sand-Juncus acutus fibers composite. This lightweight specimen has been produced from a mixture of 60 % natural clay and 40 % sand by mass, as a matrix, and reinforced with different amounts of Juncus fibers. The fibers were used as a partial replacement of sand in mixture by volume at 0 % (Control Specimen), 5 %, 10 %, and 20 %. In order to enhance the fiber-matrix interfacial bound, the raw fibers have undergone an NaOH alkali treatment with different concentrations of 1, and 2 wt. %. Morphological and mineralogical evaluation based on SEM micrographs and EDX analyses revealed that, the alkaline concentration of 1 wt. % is the optimized one for natural fiber surface modifications (removal of impurities without any surface damage). This optimal concentration is confirmed by tensile strength tests, showing that the treated fibers with this alkali solution presents the higher tensile stress value of 81.97 MPa, compared to those of treated fibers with 2 % NaOH (74.45 MPa), and the untreated fibers (70.24 MPa). However, mechanical test-results highlighted the benefit effect of the fiber alkali treatment on both the compressive and flexural strengths, particularly for fiber contents of 5 % and 10 %, which corresponds to a strengthening rate of 25 % and 30 %, respectively. Results also showed that the sample containing treated fibers exhibited a better moisture regulating property than that produced with untreated fibers. The specimens are classified as excellent hygric regulator based on their moisture buffer performance (MBV > 2 g/(m2.%RH)), according to NORDTEST classification. Results also indicated that the capillary water absorption and the apparent moisture diffusivity of composites was lowered due to high fiber-matrix interfacial bound, after fiber treatment. Consequently, the composite with treated fibers is less diffusive compared to that with untreated fibers, and thus expected to be more durable in a humid environment. These results were confirmed by morphological analysis of fibers-matrix interfacial transition zone.
Patients with Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome (MCT8 Deficiency) Display Symptoms of Parkinsonism in Childhood and Respond to Levodopa/Carbidopa Treatment
Authors: Wilpert Nina-Maria , Hewitt Angela L. , Pons Roser , Henke Marie-Thérèse , Dell’Orco Andrea , Bauer Martin , Grolik Christiane , Menz Stephan , Wahle Monika , Zink Annika , Prigione Alessandro , Reinauer Christina , Lange Catharina , Furth Christian , Brockmann Knut , Jung-Klawitter Sabine , Christ Stine , Kaindl Angela M. , Tietze Anna , Krude Heiko , Opladen Thomas , Schuelke Markus
Published: September 2024

Background: Patients with mutations in the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) suffer from Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS), characterized by developmental delay and a highly disabling movement disorder. Despite the potential of thyroid hormone derivatives to overcome the transporter defect, current trials did not achieve patient-oriented therapeutic goals. Objectives: Since most neurological symptoms are related to the dopaminergic system, we investigated the role of dopamine and its metabolites in MCT8 deficiency with regard to pathophysiology and potential therapeutic strategies in an observational cohort study. Methods: We present longitudinal data from the DEEPTYPE registry of ten patients with video-documentation, standardized phenotyping, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, treatment response to levodopa/carbidopa supplementation, and neuroimaging data. To establish a cell-based model for pathophysiological studies, we differentiated healthy human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into dopaminergic neurons. Results: Children presented with signs of parkinsonism in childhood, including hypokinesia, hypomimia, inability to sit or stand, rigidity, dystonia, and autonomic dysfunction along the classification of Leuzzi and colleagues. Cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid concentrations were decreased (n=11), suggesting isolated dopamine pathway impairment. Six out of seven patients responded favorably to levodopa/carbidopa supplementation and we did not see any adverse drug reactions. Our cell-based studies showed that hiPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons expressed MCT8 and produced quantifiable levels of biogenic amines. Conclusions: Parkinsonism is part of AHDS's clinical presentation and may be amenable to treatment. The precise impact of MCT8 deficiency on the dopamine metabolism needs to be further elucidated, e.g. by using patient iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons in future studies.
Compression Molding of PE Matrix/GF Fabric Reinforced Thick Laminates
Authors: Quadrini Fabrizio , Patrizii Giorgio , Proietti Alice , Iorio Leandro , Bellisario Denise , Santo Loredana
Published: September 2024

Thermoplastic fiberglass has been compression molded in the shape of thick panels with the nominal thickness of 10 mm and the size of 300x300 mm2. A simplified procedure has been adopted to speed up the lamination procedure, and making it adapt to the aim of recycling waste glass fiber fabrics and thermoplastics films. Low density polyethylene has been used as matrix to simplify the laboratory activities, but the same procedure can be extended to any other thermoplastic film, such as polyamide. The final thermoplastic composite shows unique properties in terms of repairability and improves its performances by increasing the number of repairing steps. For this aim, a repairability test has been designed in the bending configuration, and 3 consecutive cycles of bending/repairing/bending have been carried out. Static mechanical properties were, instead, low in comparison with traditional fiberglass, because of the choice of a polyethylene matrix. Bending tests have shown that the maximum strength is lower than 10 MPa and the elastic modulus less than 1 GPa. Nevertheless, the toughness of the thermoplastic composite was very high, and the samples continued to deform under bending for any displacement.
A Likelihood-based Triangulation Method for Uncertainties in Through-Water Depth Mapping
Authors: GHANNAMI Mohamed Ali , DANIEL Sylvie , SICOT Guillaume , QUIDU Isabelle
Published: September 2024

Coastal environments, of major economic, social, and strategic importance, rely heavily on bathymetry for navigation safety, harbor development, and resource monitoring. Innovations in bathymetry include optical alternatives for shallower waters, as traditional acoustic solutions are less efficient. Recent studies demonstrated airborne imagery is an efficient option to frequently map shallow waters at synoptic scales and has the capacity to retrieve the Water Column Depth (WCD). Geometric approaches allow to obtain 3D reconstruction from images by triangulating a set of pixels that are located on more than one image (feature points). They demonstrate great potential for WCD assessment, achieving a penetration depth of over 5 meters with an accuracy in the decimeter range when creating high resolution maps of clear shallow water bodies as long as there is sufficient bottom texture with identifiable features. As the navigation safety of vessels relies on WCD accuracy, it is of utmost importance to quantify the uncertainty associated with the derived product. Studies on bathymetry estimation using geometric approaches tend to focus on the estimation accuracy, rather than the assessment of uncertainty, despite the fact that there are many sources of uncertainty. As a result, here is a lack of robust uncertainty modeling methods, crucial for assessing the quality of bathymetric charts, especially in shallow waters. In response, this research introduces a novel likelihood-based approach for through-water photogrammetry with a focus on the uncertainties associated with camera pose, a key factor affecting through-water depth mapping. Our methodology incorporates probabilistic modeling and stereo-photogrammetric triangulation. In addition to providing a realistic estimate of the uncertainty, this approach allows to handle complex cases involving noisy camera poses in addition to retrieving the water interface height. The results proposed in this paper reveal the significant influence of viewing geometry and camera pose quality on the resulting uncertainties, overshadowing the impact of depth. In addition, they demonstrate the superior performance of the likelihood ratio statistic in scenarios involving high attitude noise, high flight altitude, and complex viewing geometries. Also, we highlight the transformative potential of drone-based applications in underwater surveying, leveraging high-precision and efficient data collection to contribute to more accurate bathymetric charts.
High-Resolution Melting Analysis Potential for Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii Authentication in Probiotic-Enriched Food Matrices
Authors: Borkowska Monika , Kułakowski Michał , Myszka Kamila
Published: September 2024

Since the mid-1990s probiotics have been proven to support the treatment of several gastrointestinal diseases. Additionally, probiotics have been taken as a common panacea for civilization diseases. To date, the only probiotic yeasts with evidence of health-promoting effects are Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. The probiotic properties are strain-dependent, whereby it is crucial to develop methods to verify the probiotic-enriched food authentication including the growing number of dietary supplements with simplified commercialisation procedures. Due to the significant genetic similarity of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii to S. cerevisiae, qPCR-HRM analysis was tested, which has a very high sensitivity for polymorphism detection and enables simultaneous identification of the microorganism in the presence of the reference sample. The effectiveness of interspecies primer pairs and intragenus primer pairs designed to amplify heterogeneous regions was examined. HRM analysis using primers for 18SrRNA and ITS allowed for identification of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii at the species level. S. cerevisiae var. boulardii was efficiently identified at the variety level with amplification of HO and RPB2 in the single- and multi-component DNA extracts. The RPB2 amplicon showed the highest intraspecies differentiation power. The predominance of S. cerevisiae var. boulardii in the mixtures tested was crucial for identification using qPCR-HRM analysis and quantitatively corresponded to the strain content in the probiotic-enriched food matrices.
Exploring Genetic Factors Associated with Tapeworm Resistance in Central Anatolian Merino Sheep via GWAS Approach
Authors: Arzik Yunus , Kizilaslan Mehmet , Behrem Sedat , Piel Lindsay M. W. , White Stephen N. , Çınar Mehmet Ulaş
Published: September 2024

Gastrointestinal parasite (GIP) infections pose significant challenges in pasture-based sheep farming, leading to economic losses and welfare concerns. This study aimed to uncover the ge-netic basis of resistance to tapeworm (Monezia spp.) infections in Central Anatolian Merino (CAM) sheep and explore the immunogenetic mechanisms underlying this resistance. Ge-nome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted between tapeworm egg burden and ge-nomic data from 227 CAM lambs. Thirteen significant SNPs were identified, with five surpassing the genome-wide threshold and eight exceeding the chromosome-wide threshold. Functional annotation revealed associations with genes involved in immune function, notably CD79A and MAP3K7. CD79A, integral to B-cell activation and antibody production, plays a key role in the immune response against parasitic infections. Its interaction with helminth-derived proteins modulates B-cell function, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. MAP3K7, a central regulator of immune signaling pathways, modulates host responses to helminth infections by influencing NF-κB activity. Additionally, it regulates macrophage function in bacterial infec-tions, showcasing its versatility in mediating immune responses against diverse pathogens. From a practical perspective, the findings of the current research underscore the potential of in-tegrating genomic information into breeding programs to bolster disease resilience in livestock populations for sustainable production purposes. However, further research is needed to eluci-date the functional significance of identified SNPs and associated genes. Functional studies and multi-omic approaches may provide a comprehensive understanding of host-parasite interac-tions. This study underscores the potential of genomic approaches in combating parasitic dis-eases and promoting sustainable agriculture in sheep production systems.
Prospect on Damage Control in Current ASD Intervention
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Qiang
Published: September 2024

After decades of studies, the pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remains unclear and there still lackseffective treatment strategies for core symptoms. Our recent work, combined with others’ research in a diversity ofmodels and clinical trials, suggested a concise, but potentially rational theory that can illustrate the key of the pathogenesis and treatment of ASD from the aspect of damage control.
Susceptibility of different species of Aesculus L. to the chestnut miner moth Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimić: chemical composition and morphological features of leaves
Authors: Bogoutdinova Liliya R. , Shelepova Olga V. , Konovalova Ludmila N. , Tkachenko Oleg B. , Gulevich Alexander A. , Baranova Ekaterina N. , Mitrofanova Irina V.
Published: September 2024

The susceptibility of seven species of chestnuts to the orchid leafminer was studied in the arboretum of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MBG RAS), taking into account their interspecific characteristics. Using pheromone delta traps, the highest number of moths was shown for A. hippocstanuam and the lowest for A. chinensis. A number of anatomical parameters of leaves were investigated, such as the thickness of the epidermal cell wall and the thickness of the palisade and spongy parenchyma layers. As a result, it was shown that the most infected chestnut species had a greater thickness of the nutritious parenchyma tissue. No de-pendence was found between the degree of susceptibility to the Ohrid leaf miner and such indi-cators as the content of chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids in the leaves of seven species of chestnuts. Nevertheless, resistance of different species of the genus Aesculus to C. ohridella under increased tannin content in leaves has been shown. Evaluation of phenolic compounds and flavonoids has not established their reliable role as repellents. The high levels of carbohydrates found during the study contributed to increased susceptibility to the Ohrid leaf miner.
Exploring the Dual Benefits of Fermented and Non-fermented Garlic on Growth, Antioxidative Capacity, Immune Responses, and Histology in Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)
Authors: Basuini Mohammed F. El , Shaban Mahasen M. E. A. , El-Hais Abdelaziz M. , Soliman Ali A. , Abu-Elala Nermeen M. , Teiba Islam I. , Alhoshy Mayada , Sallam Ghada R. , Shadrack Ronick S. , Mzengereza Kumbukani , Shehata Akram Ismael
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the effects of dietary garlic powder and fermented garlic powder supplementation at 1% and 2% levels on growth performance, digestive tract efficacy, blood biochemistry, immunity, and antioxidant status of Liza ramada (n=225 fish; 86.00±0.42 g) over a 60-day period. Fish fed diets supplemented with both forms of garlic at both levels exhibited significantly improved final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. Digestive enzyme activities (amylase, lipase, and protease) were significantly enhanced in all supplemented groups. Blood biochemical analysis revealed reduced glucose levels and increased total protein in garlic-supplemented groups, with no adverse effects on liver or kidney function markers. Immune parameters, including lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity against Streptococcus agalactiae, alternative complement pathway (ACP), and, respiratory burst (NBT) were significantly enhanced in garlic-supplemented groups, with fermented garlic showing more pronounced effects. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GPx) were also significantly increased in all supplemented groups, particularly in those fed fermented garlic. No significant differences in survival rates were observed among treatments. The results suggest that both garlic powder and fermented garlic powder supplementation, especially at the 2% level, can effectively improve growth, feed utilization, immune function, and antioxidant status in L. ramada. Fermented garlic generally demonstrated superior effects, indicating its potential as a beneficial feed additive in aquaculture. Based on these findings, it is recommended to incorporate fermented garlic powder at a 2% level in L. ramada diets to optimize growth performance and health status. Further research is warranted to investigate the long-term effects and cost-effectiveness of this supplementation strategy in commercial aquaculture settings.
Economic Recovery After Corona: Legal and Management Solutions for Small Businesses
Authors: Ghorbani Asiabar Mojtaba , Ghorbani Asiabar Morteza , Ghorbani Asiabar Alireza
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly disrupted small businesses, exacerbating financial vulnerabilities and operational challenges. As these enterprises play a crucial role in economic stability and growth, identifying effective recovery strategies is imperative. This study investigates the legal and management solutions necessary for small businesses to recover and thrive post-pandemic. The research aims to examine the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small businesses, evaluate the effectiveness of existing legal and governmental support measures, and propose management strategies that enhance resilience and drive recovery. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, comprising both quantitative and qualitative analyses. A survey was conducted with 500 small businesses across various sectors to collect data on financial performance, operational disruptions, and the utilization of government support programs. Additionally, 30 in-depth interviews with small business owners provided qualitative insights into adaptive strategies and challenges faced. A review of relevant legal documents and policy frameworks was also performed to assess the support mechanisms in place. The study revealed that 68% of small businesses experienced substantial revenue losses, with 50% encountering severe liquidity crises. Government support measures, such as grants and low-interest loans, were pivotal but often marred by accessibility issues and delays. Successful management strategies identified included accelerating digital transformation, diversifying revenue streams, and optimizing supply chain management. Legal measures that temporarily eased regulatory requirements and offered tax relief significantly aided in alleviating immediate pressures. The economic recovery of small businesses post-COVID-19 hinges on comprehensive legal and management solutions. Enhancing the effectiveness and reach of government support programs is crucial, as is the adoption of agile and innovative management practices by small businesses. Policymakers and business leaders must work collaboratively to create an environment that fosters resilience and sustainable growth, ensuring small businesses can navigate future economic uncertainties.
Metabolic Risk Factors and Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Aboubechara John Paul , Aboud Orwa
Published: September 2024

Background
The metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing various systemic cancers. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients is unknown. Further, there have been contradictory reports about how the metabolic syndrome affects clinical outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the metabolic syndrome is associ-ated with increased prevalence of glioblastoma and worsened survival outcomes.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study examines seventy-three patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild type glioblastoma as it provides for a relatively homogeneous population to examine. Patient characteristics, vital signs, lab results, tumor molecular markers, and overall survival were analyzed. Patients with the metabolic syndrome and individual risk factors were identified and survival outcomes were examined.
Results
Our results demonstrate that there is a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in our cohort of patients with glioblastoma than the general population (41% vs 33%). We also demonstrate that after correction for confounding variables, the metabolic syndrome is not significantly asso-ciated with overall survival (p = 0.1). When analyzing individual metabolic risk factors, we demonstrate that there is a significant association between the accumulation of metabolic risk factors and decreased survival (p = 0.03), and hyperglycemia emerges as a significant independent risk factor for decreased survival (p = 0.05).
Conclusion
These results suggest that metabolic risk factors can affect survival in patients with glioblastoma, which can have significant implications for clinical practice. These findings need to be further ex-plored through further clinical and mechanistic studies.