bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinitis pigmentosa and stem cell therapy
Authors:   School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China, Qi Xin-Ya , Cao De-Rui ,   School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China, Chen Xie-Qun ,   School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China; The Third Hospital of Xi'an, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China, Zhang Peng ,   School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi Province, China; The Third Hospital of Xi'an, Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: June 2024

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Its main clinical manifestations include night blindness and progressive loss of peripheral vision, making it a prevalent debilitating eye disease that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. RP exhibits significant phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. For instance, numerous abnormal genes are implicated in RP, resulting in varying clinical presentations, disease progression rates, and pathological characteristics among different patients. Consequently, gene therapy for RP poses challenges due to these complexities. However, stem cells have garnered considerable attention in the field of RPE therapy since both RPE cells and photoreceptors can be derived from stem cells. In recent years, a large number of animal experiments and clinical trials based on stem cell transplantation attempts, especially cord blood mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation and bone marrow-derived MSC transplantation, have confirmed that stem cell therapy can effectively and safely improve the outer retinal function of the RP-affected eye. However, stem cell therapy also has certain limitations, such as the fact that RP patients may involve multiple types of retinal cytopathia, which brings great challenges to stem cell transplantation therapy, and further research is needed to solve various problems faced by this approach in the clinic. Through comprehensive analysis of the etiology and histopathological changes associated with RP, this study substantiates the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy based on rigorous animal experimentation and clinical trials, while also highlighting the existing limitations that warrant further investigation.
Comparative Analysis of Nanos and Ago Genes Expression in the Germinative Cells Isolated from Germinal Layer and the Neck Region of Echinococcus granulosus
Authors: Yazdani Amin , Khamesi Narges , Keyhani Alireza , Nasibi Saeid , Mohammadi Mohammad Ali , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Derakhshani Ali , Fasihi Harandi Majid
Published: June 2024

Background: We aimed to evaluate the differential expression of nanos and ago genes in the protoscoleces, germinal layer, the neck, and the sucker regions of adult Echinococcus granulosus.
Methods: The study was conducted in 2018 at the Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. In the present study E. granulosus protoscoleces were cultured in a di-phasic medium to obtain strobilated worms. The strobilated worms were harvested and using a sterile razor blade, the neck region was separated. In the molecular study the neck sections were compared with the tissues derived from the suckers from the same worm. The primers were specifically designed for RT-qPCR on nanos and ago. The germinative cells were isolated from the cyst germinal layer and cultured in DMEM for further molecular studies. The Immunohistochemical profile was designed to explore the nature of nanos protein in the strobilated worms. Differences between and within groups were statistically assessed relative to the protoscoleces.
Results: An increasing nanos gene expressions were found in sucker, neck, cells and germinal layer in comparison to the protoscoleces. The expression of ago gene was decreased in sucker, cell and germinal layer, and increased in the neck region in comparison to the protoscoleces. The results showed that both genes were expressed in all developmental stages of E. granulosus.
Conclusion: nanos and ago genes were differentially expressed at different developmental stages of E. granulosus and may contribute to differentiation of the parasite.
Phylogeography, Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto Inferred by Mitochondrial DNA Markers between Southeast of Iran and Pakistan
Authors: Anvari Davood , Gholami Shirzad , Spotin Adel , Hosseini Seyed Abdollah , Daryani Ahmad , Sarvi Shahabeddin , Narouei Mohammad Reza , Hosseini Mona , Siyadatpanah Abolghasem
Published: June 2024

Background: Current study was designed to provide a better insight into the circulating genotypes, genetic diversity, and population structure of Echinococcus spp. between southeast of Iran and Pakistan.
Methods: From Jun 2020 to Dec 2020, 46 hydatid cysts were taken from human (n: 6), camel (n: 10), goat (n: 10), cattle (n: 10) and sheep (n: 10) in various cities of Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran, located at the neighborhood of Pakistan. DNA samples were extracted, amplified, and subjected to sequence analysis of cox1 and nad1 genes.
Results: The phylogeny inferred by the Maximum Likelihood algorithm indicated that G1 genotype (n: 19), G3 genotype (n: 14) and G6 genotype (n: 13) assigned into their specific clades. The diversity indices showed a moderate (nad1: Hd: 0.485) to high haplotype diversity (cox1: Hd: 0.867) of E. granulosus s.s. (G1/G3) and low nucleotide diversity. The negative value of Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs test displayed deviation from neutrality indicating a recent population expansion. A parsimonious network of the haplotypes of cox1 displayed star-like features in the overall population containing IR9/PAK1/G1, IR2/PAK2/G3 and IR18/G6 as the most common haplotypes. A pairwise fixation index (Fst) indicated that E. granulosus s.s. populations are genetically moderate differentiated between southeast of Iran and Pakistan. The extension of haplotypes PAK18/G1 (sheep) and PAK26/G1 (cattle) toward Iranian haplogroup revealed that there is dawn of Echinococcus flow due to a transfer of alleles between mentioned populations through transport of livestock or their domestication.
Conclusion: The current findings strengthen our knowledge concerning the evolutionary paradigms of E. granulosus in southeastern borders of Iran and is effective in controlling of hydatidosis.
The Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in Marmota himalayana (Rodentia: Sciuridae) in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau area, China
Authors: Ma Liqing , Jian Yingna , Wang Guanghua , Cai Qigang , Wang Geping , Li Xiuping , Zhang Xueyong , Karanis Panagiotis
Published: June 2024

Background: Cryptosporidium and Giardia are well-known important intestinal zoonotic pathogens that can infect various hosts and cause diarrhoeal diseases. We aimed to determine the epidemiological prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia species in Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana, class Marmota) in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area of Qinghai Province, Northwest China.
Methods: Overall, 243 Himalayan marmot fecal samples were collected in 2017 and in 2019 and a two-step nested PCR technique was performed to amplify the fragments of the SSU rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium and 18S ribosomal RNA gene of Giardia. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium was performed with the primary primers N-DIAGF2 and N-DIAGR2, the secondary primers CPB-DIAGF and CPB-DIAGR. Similarly, molecular characterization of Giardia was used the first primers Gia2029 and Gia2150c, the secondary primers RH11 and RH4. The positive PCR products were sequenced and the sequences were processed by Clustal Omega and BLAST. Phylogenetic analysis was achieved by NJ method in MEGA.
Results: The infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis was 4.9% (12/243) and 0.8% (2/243) in M. himalayana, respectively. Cryptosporidium spp. are characterized as novel genotypes Cryptosporidium marmot genotype I (n=3) and Cryptosporidium marmot genotype II (n=9); G. duodenalis assemblage A (n=2) was found in M. himalayana.
Conclusion: This is the first report of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis infections in M. himalayana in Qinghai of Northwest China. The results indicate the existence of Cryptosporidium species and G. duodenalis infections that may have a potential public health significance.
Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Study of Leishmania Species in Iran by Multilocus Sequence Typing
Authors: Nemati Sara , Hajjaran Homa , Khamesipour Ali , Falahati Anbaran Mohsen , Mirjalali Hamed , Fazaeli Asghar
Published: June 2024

Background: Leishmaniasis is an important public health parasitic infection, which is endemic in many parts of the world, including Iran. We aimed to investigate genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship among different Leishmania isolates using multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Methods: Totally, 41 isolates collected either from patients referred to Leishmaniasis Diagnostics and Treatment Center at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran or from animals during 2019-2021, were subjected to the study. They included L. major and L. tropica from human, L. infantum from canine, and L. turanica from rodents from different endemic foci of Iran analyzed using MLST including gp63, g6pdh, lack, nagt, and hsp70 genes.
Results: A total of 5010 bps was analyzed from each isolate. The three targets, nagt, lack, and g6pdh, generated better topology comparing to the other genes. In the 44 isolates, 22 haplotypes (STs) were identified. Leishmania tropica contained the highest number of haplotypes (n=12) comparing to L. major (n=8), L. infantum (n=1) and L. turanica (n=1). All five genomic loci caused separation of Iranian Leishmania species at the species level, indicating conservation of these genes in the Leishmania parasite.
Conclusion: The highest number of haplotypes belonged to L. tropica, indicating that the genetic diversity of this species is higher than that of L. major. It was further confirmed that the MLST is a suitable method to examine genetic variation of Leishmania parasites with respect to evolutionary and epidemiological studies.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Vahlkampfiidae and Vermamoeba Vermiformis from Fresh Vegetables: A Neglected Source of Infections
Authors: Fatemi Marziye , Niyyati Maryam , Karamati Seyed Ahmad , Mirjalali Hamed
Published: June 2024

Background: Naegleria spp., Tetramitus spp., and Vermamoeba vermiformis are potential pathogenic free-living amoebae (FLA) causing diseases such as keratitis, meningoencephalitis, and lung infections. We aimed to investigate the presence of Vahlkampfiidae and V. vermiformis in raw vegetables commonly consumed in Iran.
Methods: Totally, 70 samples of vegetables samples including watercress (22), leeks (12), parsley (10), basil (13) and mint (13) were collected from municipal markets of Tehran, the capital of Iran during June to October 2021. After washing vegetables, samples were cultivated onto 2% non-nutrient agar (NNA) medium. After morphological confirmations, DNA was extracted and identical fragments of the FLA were amplified and sequenced.
Results: Out of 70 cultured samples, 11 samples (15.71 %) were morphologically positive, of which four and seven were V. vermiformis and Vahlkampfiidae isolates, respectively. According to the PCR/sequencing results two, one, one, and one strains belonged to N. australiensis, N. americana, Vahlkampfia sp., V. inornata, and T. aberdonicus, respectively. All Vermamoeba genus were characterized as V. vermiformis.
Conclusion: The results of current study revealed the contamination of fresh raw vegetables with Vahlkampfiidae and V. vermiformis. In addition, to our knowledge this is the first report of T. aberdonicus in raw vegetables. Our findings highlight the public health importance of vegetables in transmission of FLA, as well as the potential role of FLA in transmission of potential pathogenic microorganisms via consuming of fresh raw vegetables.
Efficacy of a Combined Herbal Product Containing Indigofera argentea, Pistacia atlantica and Salvia hispanica in Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Treated along Glucantime ®
Authors: Bozorgzade Saeid-Ali , Kalantar-Khandani Shahram , Amiri Rezvan , Dehesh Tania , Karegar-Borzi Hossein
Published: June 2024

Background: Leishmaniasis is highly prevalent worldwide, and while conventional medicine offers numerous treatment methods for cutaneous leishmaniasis, Iranian traditional medicine suggests various remedies. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an herbal combination containing Indigofera argentea leaves, Pistacia atlantica resin, and Salvia hispanica seeds in patients with zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Methods: This study was conducted at the Leishmaniasis Department of Chabahar Health Center in southeastern Iran in 2021. It was a double-blinded randomized clinical trial involving 68 patients enrolled after clinical diagnosis, examination of smear samples using Giemsa staining, and PCR confirmation. The volunteers were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Both groups received 'Glucantime ® as the primary medication weekly until complete healing or up to 12 weeks. Glucantime ® was administered intralesionally at a dosage of 0.1 cc on the wound's margin, with repeat injections at 1 cm intervals along the wound edge when necessary. In addition to the main drug, the intervention group received the herbal product topically twice daily until wound healing or for up to 4 weeks, while the control group received a placebo in the same manner.
Results: 82.35% of patients in the intervention group and 20.58% in the control group achieved complete healing within four weeks. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The herbal product demonstrated effectiveness in treating patients with zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis
Association between Toxocara Spp. Exposure and Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Sahebi Keivan , Akbari Pouriya , Mikaeili Fattaneh , Alimi Rasoul , Bahreini Mohammad Saleh , Teimouri Aref
Published: June 2024

Background: Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larvae of Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. Patients with schizophrenia may be at higher risk of infection, possibly due to their cognitive and personal self-care impairments. We aimed to assess the association between Toxocara spp. exposure and schizophrenia.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 109 patients with schizophrenia admitted to Ibn Sina Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, and 104 age- and gender-matched healthy controls from May to September 2021. A questionnaire was obtained and serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies to Toxocara excretory/secretory (TES) antigens using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: Anti-Toxocara IgG was detected in 12 schizophrenic patients and 10 control subjects, giving respective seroprevalences of 11.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=5.8–18.4%) and 9.6% (95% CI=4.7–17.0%). Univariate logistic analyses estimated an odds ratio (OR) of 1.16 (95% CI=0.44–3.16); however, it was not statistically significant (P=0.915). Individuals with a history of eating unwashed vegetables or fruits (23.1%, 95% CI=9.0–43.6, crude odds ratio [COR]=3.21, 95% CI=1.13–9.13) and rural residency (19.5%, 95% CI=8.8–34.9, COR=2.74, 95% CI=1.06–7.05) had significantly higher rates of seropositivity using the univariate logistic analyses. After multivariate logistic analyses, the differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The toxocariasis seroprevalence among schizophrenic and healthy participants was not significantly different (11% vs. 9.6%). Since the disease severity, onset, and cognitive sequelae are not the same among schizophrenic patients, clinically matched studies with larger samples are required to address the current inconsistency between the studies.
Investigation of Mitochondrial Cytb Gene Region of Both Echinococcus granulosus Eggs from Dogs and Cystic Echinococcosis Isolates Obtained from Sheep and Cattle by Molecular Methods
Authors: Yildiz Rahmi , Aydemir Selahattin , Galip Halidi Ahmet , Hakan Unlu Ahmet , Yilmaz Hasan
Published: June 2024

Background: We aimed to determine the common Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Ağrı, Türkiye and to obtain information on the transmission of this parasite.
Methods: Cystic echinococcosis samples from 100 slaughtered cattle and 100 slaughtered sheep and faecal samples from 200 stray dogs were included in 2021. Collected cyst fluid samples and faces were examined microscopically. DNA was isolated from the germinal membrane of the cysts and from the parasite eggs in the stool samples. The mitochondrial cytb gene region of the parasite was amplified by PCR. Genotypes were determined using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) after sequence analysis of PCR amplicons.
Results: The highest percentage of cysts was found in the lungs of sheep and the liver of cattle. In addition, 75% of sheep cysts and 25.6% of cattle cysts were fertile. Taenia spp./Echinococcus spp. eggs were found in 6% of the faeces of 200 dogs examined microscopically. E. granulosus eggs were detected in 4 out of 50 stool samples analysed by PCR. All samples analysed by sequence analysis were identified as E. granulosus s.s. G1 genotype. Sequence comparison revealed revealed one or more-point mutations in different regions of the five samples.
Conclusion: E. granulosus s.s. G1 genotype, known as sheep strain, is common in the Ağrı, Türkiye. The controlled slaughter of livestock, especially sheep, and the avoidance of feeding hydatid cyst organs to dogs, together with public education, were necessary to prevent the spread of the disease.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Fasciola Infection with Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Ardabil, Northwest of Iran: Two Case Reports
Authors: Asfaram Shabnam , Sajedi Behnam , Mohammadi-Ghalehbin Behnam
Published: June 2024

Here we report biliary fascioliasis in two women 27 and 54 years old from Ardabil Province, Iran who presented with nausea, anorexia, weight loss, and pain between shoulder blades. Endoscopic ultrasound showed distal common bile duct strictures (CBD) and a lesion in its proximal. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed and live parasites were diagnosed and successfully managed into the duodenal lumen. The clinical findings of the patient improved after the procedure. This report emphasizes that the prevalence of Fasciola in Ardabil is predictable and this infection could be simultaneously diagnosed and treated by the ERCP.
Ruptured Lung Hydatid Cyst Masquerading as a Transudative Parapneumonic Effusion: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Brahmansh , Nikit Mehta Kundan
Published: June 2024

Hydatid disease can virtually involve any organs, liver being the most common followed by lungs. Pleural effusion as a complication of pulmonary hydatid cyst is exceptionally rare and its diagnosis and treatment pose significant challenges. We present an intriguing case managed in Dr D Y Patil medical college and Hospital in west India in June 2023 involving a 70-year-old female who presented with symptoms of right-sided chest pain and acute-onset dyspnoea. Referred from a local hospital, a chest radiograph revealed the presence of right pleural effusion. Subsequent radiological investigations including a contrast enhanced CT at our centre exposed two large, well-defined hypodense lesions with fluid density, encased by thick enhancing walls, along with right-sided pleural effusion and hence a diagnosis of lung abscess with right pleural effusion (right parapneumonic effusion) was established. Despite ongoing care, clinical improvement eluded us. Thoracocentesis yielded a surprising revelation – the pleural fluid was transudative with visible hooklets and protoscolices, indicating a ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst. The patient began albendazole treatment and received a CVTS consultation. They recommended a right lower lobe lobectomy, now scheduled for the near future.
Psychometric Properties of a Persian Version of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) in Iranian Soldiers
Authors: Jafari Amirhossein , Rahnejat AmirMohsen , Hooshyari Zahra , Taghva Arsia , Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Reza , Donyavi Vahid
Published: June 2024

Objective: Suicide is an important health issue nearly all over the world. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) is a well-known instrument for suicide risk assessment. Our purpose in this study is to provide a Persian version of the C-SSRS and evaluate its psychometric properties in the Iranian military population, particularly suicide risk leveling characteristic of the C-SSRS.
Method: For linguistic adaptation, we gathered opinions of an expert panel consisting of 23 professionals in mental health sciences. Furthermore, this version was administered to two groups of soldiers, one representing a sample of normal population (N = 338), while the other group comprised a sample of clinical population from a referral psychiatric hospital (N = 348) in Tehran, capital of Iran, from July 2021 until one year later. Besides the C-SSRS, the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BSS), and General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ28) were obtained from the participants. Correlation coefficients, internal consistency, and factor analysis were evaluated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 23) software.
Results: All items of the Persian version of the C-SSRS had acceptable content validity and face validity. This tool demonstrated high correlation coefficients with the BSSI (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) and BHS (r = 0.64, P < 0.001), but a low correlation coefficient with the GHQ28 (r = 0.22, P < 0.001). Specifically, the suicide risk level based on the C-SSRS had a high correlation with both the BSSI and BHS. Also, its internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). Furthermore, factor analysis revealed two factors that is consistent with suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior factors.
Conclusion: Our results indicated acceptable validity and reliability for the Persian version of the C-SSRS, demonstrating its capability to classify suicide risk. It can be concluded that the ordinal suicide risk level (as red, orange, yellow and green) is a valid index for the application of the C-SSRS.
Spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate in Drinking Water: A Case Study in the Central Plateau of Iran
Authors: Ali Fallahzadeh Reza , Taghavi Mahmoud , Nasiri Tannaz , Al-Modaresi Seyed Ali , Dehghani Fatemeh , Omidi Fariborz
Published: June 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to determine nitrate levels in water wells supplying drinking water in Taft city, Iran, and assess the associated health risks using the method proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency.
Materials and methods: In 2021, the average annual nitrate levels were determined in 48 drinking water wells which were located in Zone 39 (Taft city). Health risk assessment and sensitivity analysis were conducted to identify the most influential variables.
 Results: The mean nitrate content in  the water wells under study was 32.88 ± 18 mg/L. Out of the 48 examined water wells, 10 had nitrate levels higher than the standard value (50 mg/L) established by the Iranian Institute of Standardization (Standard No. 1053) and WHO. The calculated Hazard Quotient (HQ) for children and adolescents was greater than 1, while it was less than 1 for adults. Nitrate concentration in drinking water was found to be the most important influencing variable in the calculated HQ for children and adolescents.
Conclusion: The results indicated that children and adolescents’ health in the studied area is at risk, and appropriate measures must be implemented to avoid and control the exposure of these vulnerable groups; they can be continuous monitoring of nitrate levels using on-site treatment methods where nitrate concentrations exceed the standard level, and decommissioning wells with high nitrate levels.
Removal of Fexofenadine and Montelukast Drugs from Aquatic Environment Using a Rhodotron Accelerator
Authors: Abouee Mehrizi Omid , Ghadiri Seid Kamal , Anvari Fatemeh , Mehnati Parinaz
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Nowadays, the management of drug effluents, as emerging pollutants, has attracted great attention due to human health and ecological adverse effects. During the COVID-19 pandemic, two drugs, Fexofenadine and Montelukast, have been used in large quantities for patients with lung involvement. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of removing Fexofenadine and Montelukast and determine the removal kinetics.
Material and methods: In this study, we used Rhodotron accelerator to determine kinetic coefficients for the removal of drugs. Our research focused on studying the kinetics of E-Beam radiation reactions and the generation of significant amounts of free radicals during these processes. We employed first-order and second-order kinetic models under laboratory conditions, taking into account various influencing factors to establish the rate of removal.
Results: The results showed that the decomposition of Fexofenadine and Montelukast drugs by high-energy E-Beam bending process is a pseudo-first-order reaction with a coefficient of more than 0.9105 and 0.998, respectively. The results showed that the reaction rate constant depended significantly on the initial concentration of Fexofenadine and Montelukast drugs and their molecular structure.
Conclusion: Using a Rhodotron accelerator is important for removing Fexofenadine and Montelukast from the aquatic environment.
Economic Efficiency and Effectiveness of Salix acmophylla in Reducing Wastewater Characteristics : A Case study in Varzaneh Wastewater Treatment Plant, Isfahan, Iran.
Authors: Ahaki Varzaneh Abdoreza , Dehghani Rouhullah , Akbari Marzieh , Bagheri Varzaneh Zahra , Dolatabadi Arani Somaye , Fadaei Saeid , Fallahzadeh Reza Ali
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Phytoremediation is a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly process that utilizes plants and microorganisms for purification of the polluted land. In this study, the fast-growing species Salix acmophylla from the Salicaceae family was selected for phytoremediation purposes.
Materials and methods: With the aim of exploring the potential of Salix acmophylla in wastewater purification, a research initiative was launched in 2020, Following initial land preparation on a 5-hectare site next to a wastewater treatment plant, 60,000 Salix acmophylla cuttings were planted. By 2022, the trees had matured to a height of 3-4 meters. Wastewater samples were then collected and analyzed for pollutant levels both before entering the planted area and after passing through drainage channels built among the trees. This allowed researchers to calculate the average efficiency of Salix acmophylla in reducing wastewater pollutants.  
Results: The results regarding the impact of Salix acmophylla trees on the reduction of wastewater Characteristics in the cultivation area were the following: COD, BOD5, TSS, TDS, EC, and turbidity exhibited reductions of 38%, 42%, 17.5%, 79%, 52.2%, and 45.6%, respectively. Additionally, the estimated income from the cultivation of these trees was approximately $49,000.
Conclusion: Planting Salix acmophylla trees significantly contributes to the reduction of wastewater pollutant parameters, suggesting the recommendation of this species for similar climates.
Investigating the Exosomes’ Compositions: An Inevitable Necessity in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Khanahmad Alireza , Khazaee-Nasirabadi Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Exosomes, small microvesicles of endosomal origin, play a pivotal role in intercellular communication and various physiological and pathological processes. All cell types, especially cancer cells, release exosomes. These vesicles can induce tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance by altering the tumor microenvironment and transferring their content to target cells.  Exosomes contain lipids, proteins, and genetic biomolecules such as DNA, mRNA, and miRNA with their contents varying depending on cell type and disease state. Despite their role in cancer progression, exosomes also show potential as therapeutic agents. They are effective carriers for targeted drug delivery due to their high biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. However, more extensive clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of exosome-based therapies. Oncology researchers are encouraged to investigate exosome contents more precisely and design new therapeutic strategies utilizing these vesicles.
Saving a Life: Suicide Prevention
Authors: SadrMohammadi Rezvan , Hadad Ranjbar Somayeh , Bidaki Reza
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Suicide is considered as a serious and important problem in health and comprehensive health. Every year, approximately 700,000 people around the world die by suicide, which is more than those killed in war. Death by suicide is not only the loss of a life, but it also causes psychological damage to the other family members and friends. Important factors affect suicidal behavior. So much suicide is a serious public health problem. All 194 member states of the World Health Organization have signed the Comprehensive Mental Health action plan 2013-2020, which tasks governments with implementing evidence-based interventions in community settings to prevent suicide at all stages of life. In addition, the guardians of mental health also play an important role in the prevention of suicidal behavior.
Conclusion: Based on recent studies, effective treatments based on clinical evidence in the fields of psychology and psychiatry are introduced to save a life for colleagues in the field of mental health.
Sexual Function and Marital Intimacy in Mastectomized Women with Breast Cancer: Mediating Role of Body Image Concern
Authors: Hamzehrad Mansoureh , Niknam Mandana , Amani Kelarijani Fatemeh
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Mastectomy surgical method greatly affects the long-term quality of life of women with breast cancer. Mastectomy can play an important role in sexual desire and marital intimacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of body image concern in the relationship between sexual function  and marital intimacy in women with mastectomy breast cancer.
Methods: The research method was a descriptive correlation type. The population included all the patients with mastectomy breast cancer whose list was available in 2022 in hospitals and charity centers related to cancer in Tehran. 145 women who underwent mastectomy were selected by available sampling method. Research tools included Thompson and Walker's marital intimacy questionnaires, Rosen et al.'s Female Sexual function Index, and Littleton's Body Image Concern Inventory (1,2,3). Relationships between variables were done with Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling test using SPSS version 16 and Amos version 24 software.
Results: The findings showed that Body Image Concern does not play a mediating role in the relationship between sexual function and marital intimacy of mastectomized women (P<0.05). Pearson's correlation test also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between sexual function and marital intimacy (P<0.05) and there is a significant negative relationship between Body Image Concern and marital intimacy (P<0.05) and between sexual function  and Body Image Concern no significant relationship was observed  (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Psychologists can use the findings of this study to teach the nature of these women's sexual problems and seek to identify factors that help better intimacy in these women's marital relationships.
Effect of Combined Exercises on Glucose Homeostasis and Plasma Levels of Sirtuin 1 and FOXO1 in Obese Elderly Men
Authors: Safari Maryam , Shabani Ramin , Fadaei Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Aging and obesity have common symptoms, including glucose and lipid metabolism changes. Activation of sirtuin 1 and FOXO1 (Forkhead Box Protein O1) can positively affect metabolic disorders associated with aging and obesity. This research aimed to investigate 16 weeks of combined exercise on the plasma levels of sirtuin 1, FOXO1, and glucose homeostasis in obese elderly.
Methods: 40 obese elderly men with an average age of 61.90 ± 2.84 were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The participants trained three days a week (each session 90 minutes) for 16 weeks. 48 hours before and after exercise, anthropometric characteristics and plasma values of sirtuin 1, FOXO1, fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance), and HOMA-B (Homeostasis Model Assessment of β-Cell) were taken from the samples and measured by ELISA method. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16 software, independent and dependent t-tests at a significance level of P˂ 0.05.
Results: Levels of fasting blood sugar (P=0.04), and insulin (P=0.008) in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group, while the serum levels of sirtuin1 (P=0.0001) and FOXO1 (P=0.0001) had a significant increase. Correlated t results in the experimental group showed a significant decrease in insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B (P = 0.001) and a significant increase in the serum levels of sirtuin1 (P = 0.0001) and FOXO1 (P = 0.0001) (P ˂ 0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that 16 weeks of combined training has a favorable effect on improving glucose homeostasis, increasing sirtuin 1 and FOXO1 levels in elderly obese men.
Diagnosis Ability Evaluation of TMJ Condylar Disorders of Panoramic Radiographs in Senior Dental Students
Authors: Entezar-e-Ghaem Mahjube , Baghestani Motahare , Nikzad Dahaji Elaheh , Ansarilari Arezoo
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The temporomandibular joint is a unique and complex joint in the human body due to anatomical and functional reasons. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the knowledge of the senior dentistry students of Yazd Dental School about temporomandibular joint radiographic changes in panoramic images in 2022-2023.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted with the participation of 59 senior dentistry students. After obtaining the consent of the students and collecting their background information, a questionnaire containing 14 questions was presented to the students with the aim of examining the students' ability to distinguish between normal, dislocation, hypoplasia, hyperplasia, osteophyte and condylar erosion appearance. Finally, the descriptive data were presented in the form of numbers and percentages in the form of a table. Data analysis was done with SPSS version16 and T-test. The significance level of the tests was considered less than 0.05.
Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in students' ability score according to their gender and type of entry (national-international) (P>0.05). The grade of students according to general point average (GPA) showed a significant difference (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, and considering the importance and high prevalence of TMJ disorders, senior dentistry students in Yazd City did not have acceptable knowledge about radiographic changes in the TMJ joint.
Relief of Shoulder, Arm, Forearm and Hand Pain Due to Left Subclavicular Cardiac Pacemaker Placement by Chiropractic Adjustments--A Safe and Rapidly Effective Strategy: Case Report
Authors: DC, DACNB William Rogers , Peppard DC Dean , MD, PhD David Morrison
Published: June 2024

Unintended but common consequences of pace maker placement or insertion include shoulder dysfunction and pain. This is not something that cardiologist or electrophysiology specialist will be familiar with terms of treatment once these problems become manifest. Cross discipline collaboration as reported in this case resulted in the relief of discomfort caused by pace maker insertion induced shoulder dysfunction.  This procedure was safe and rapidly affective.
Modification of The Bacterial Abundance Properties of Water by Immersed Non-Activated Charcoal
Authors: Aurelie Dzenga Njeunkam , Luciane Marlyse Moungang , Samuel Eheth Jean , Ache Roland Ndifor , Moïse Nola
Published: June 2024

The present studies aim at reducing the planktonic bacterial load in drinking water using non-activated charcoal. The evaluation is dependent on the incubation time and the different physiological states of the bacterial cells. Three bacteria (Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and two charcoal substrates (Okan and Tali) were used for the experimentation. The Bacteria adhered to charcoal fragments in varying degrees. Overall, the concentrations of fixed Vibrio cholerae reached 53.4x107 CFU/cm2 and 39.6x107 CFU/cm2 after 9 hours of contact in exponential phase on the Okan and Tali respectively. Those of fixed Staphylococcus aureus reached 5.8x106 CFU/cm2 after 3 hours of contact in exponential phase and 3.4x106 CFU/cm2 after 3 and 6 hours of contact in the same phase, on the Okan and the Tali, respectively. The highest abundances of Escherichia coli adhered to the charcoal fragments were 50.4x107 CFU/cm² on Okan and 53.2x107 CFU/cm² on Tali after 9 hours of contact in the exponential phase. The highest adsorption coefficient (639.06 adhered cells/cm2) was noted on Okan in the exponential phase with Vibrio cholerae cells; and the lowest (1.02 adhered cells/cm2) on Tali in stationary phase with Staphylococcus aureus. The incubation time significantly (P<0.01) influenced the adhesion of bacterial cells to charcoal substrates. Although the adsorption capacity and intensity of Okan were relatively higher, the comparison of the adsorption potential of the two substrates considered did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05), reflecting the absence of the influence of the physical properties of these substrates on cell retention.
A DEFESA DA DEMOCRACIA E DA FÉ CRISTÃ SEGUNDO A “FRENTE CONSERVADORA DE MARABÁ-PA”
Authors: Mendoza Omar Alejandro Garcia , Silva Jerônimo Da Silva e
Published: June 2024

Composto por pessoas de distintas orientações profissionais, a “Frente Conservadora de Marabá” (FCM) é um movimento de cunho político e moral que tem como objetivo a construção de uma “nova direita”, alinhada em suas diretrizes com a preservação de “valores democráticos, liberais e cristãos”, no sudeste paraense. Segundo os membros, enfrentar de forma democrática o campo da esquerda ou o “marxismo cultural” e defender o conservadorismo político são as principais características. Por meio dos estudos de comunicação e de pesquisa de campo antropológica, tendo como recorte as postagens nas redes sociais, o artigo analisa como alguns membros constroem suas identidades e por outro lado, em sentido afirmativo, a valoração da moralidade cristã supostamente ligada aos princípios da direita.
Class Action Lawsuits in a Civil Procedure
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Law and Procedure of the Institute of Justice of the Baikal State University, Staritsyn Aleksey Yu.
Published: June 2024

The article contains the result of a study conducted by the author on the institution of class actions in civil proceedings. The author has documented the trend of using class actions to protect the violated rights and legitimate interests of a group of people. Certain areas for improving the legislation on class actions in civil proceedings have been identified. Firstly, the specifics of suspending proceedings on an independent claim of a member of a group of people who refused to join the class action. Secondly, the apparelment of considering a class action for compensation for moral damage. Third, the consequences of concluding a settlement agreement in civil case of class action. In relation to these areas, the author has put forward proposals for improving the current provisions of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation.
Training of Specialists for the Judicial System within the Framework of Polyparadigmality
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of the Humanities and Socioeconomic Disciplines of the Northwestern Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Gordienko Yury N.
Published: June 2024

In the proposed article, the author addresses the question of the study of the role and significance of the paradigm in the educational process associated with the training of personnel for the judicial and prosecutorial system of modern Russia. For further differentiation, deepening and broad specialization of educational and pedagogical programs, it is necessary to make a transition to a new multi-paradigm level of the educational process. The article reveals the essence, meaning, properties and purpose of polyparadigmality for the modern educational process in the field of training specialists of the judicial system of the modern Russian state, and it is noted that the traditional Western approach to the training system of the judicial system, which has been perceived by Russia in recent years, has not shown the necessary effectiveness and completeness to ensure the tasks of the pedagogical process in the studied sphere. In this regard, it is necessary to turn to the application of new educational approaches and paradigms based on the principles of multiplicity.
A Comparative Legal Analysis of Protection of Environmental Rights of Citizens by General Jurisdiction Courts in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of State and Legal Disciplines of the Kazan Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, PhD (Law), Yun Larisa V.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative legal analysis of the protection of environmental rights of citizens in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The author identifies problems associated with the process of proof in courts of general jurisdiction, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between environmental offenses committed and the resulting consequences, adverse effects on the health of citizens in the event of unlawful conduct of business activities. The study conducts research into the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, and also examines materials from the judicial practice of these states. The procedure and mechanism for protecting the rights of Russian citizens in the field of ecology involves reference not only to the norms of substantive but also procedural law, judicial statistics of cases considered, as well as the peculiarities of case materials received daily by courts of general jurisdiction. Depending on the type of legal proceedings (civil, arbitration, administrative, criminal), it is possible to differentiate current problems related to the protection of the rights of citizens in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus.
Experimental Animal Models in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: İlhan Mert
Published: June 2024

This study focuses on two major diseases affecting women's reproductive health: endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Endometriosis is characterized as an estrogen-dependent condition, highlighting estrogen's role in understanding the disease's development and treatment strategies. Rat and mouse models are crucial for comprehending the pathophysiology of endometriosis and testing new therapeutic approaches. These models are particularly valuable in evaluating the effects of hormones and immune system modulators on endometriosis. Conversely, experimental models of PCOS emphasize the central role of hyperandrogenism in the development of this condition. Models induced by substances like dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone propionate, and letrozole provide insights into the metabolic and endocrinological disruptions associated with PCOS. The letrozole-induced model, in particular, helps in understanding the relationship between hormonal imbalances and the onset of PCOS. Experimental models of both diseases offer critical knowledge for both basic science research and clinical applications. They provide essential data for understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions and developing new treatment strategies. This study demonstrates how findings from experimental models can improve women's reproductive health and lead to more effective treatments for these diseases. An enhanced understanding of hormonal and immune system mechanisms will guide future research and offer innovative solutions for treating these conditions.
A Study on the Relationship between AI Anxiety and AI Behavioral Intention of Secondary School Students Learning English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Wen Fangchen , Li Yushun , Zhou Ying , An Xin , Zou Qinghua
Published: June 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides new tools and approaches for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning, yet it also brings new risks and challenges, such as AI anxiety. With the gradual adoption of AI in EFL learning, AI anxiety has brought about a variety of issues. In order to help educators understand students’ concerns and promote the use of AI for secondary school students’ EFL learning, this study took the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and relevant aspects of AI anxiety as the theoretical foundation. Subsequently, this study analyzed the situation of AI anxiety among secondary school students and its relationship with students’ Behavioral Intention to use AI EFL learning tools. Data were collected through an online platform, with 293 valid responses from secondary school students in Beijing, China. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. The validity and reliability of the scale were satisfied with nine constructs: Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Behavioral Intention, AI Learning Anxiety, Job Replacement Anxiety, Sociotechnical Blindness Anxiety, and AI Configuration Anxiety. The results indicated: (1) Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence and Facilitating Conditions could all positively predict Behavioral Intention in different degrees, and Social Influence had the strongest effect; and (2) AI Learning Anxiety and Job Replacement Anxiety might indirectly and negatively predict Behavioral Intention through intermediate variables. Based on the analysis, the study suggests that educators should not only cultivate students’ AI literacy through comprehensive AI education, but also guide students to form correct emotions through scientific psychological interventions so that they can better use AI EFL learning tools.
Technology of Recombinant DNA
Authors: shrivastava Divya , Rautela Archana , Semwal Nidhi , Joshi Deepika
Published: June 2024

Biotechnology, often known as genetic engineering or recombinant DNA (rDNA), is an industrial technique that applies DNA research to practical applications. rDNA is artificial DNA created by combining or inserting one or more DNA strands. By modifying microbes, animals, and plants to generate therapeutically valuable chemicals, it opened up new possibilities for medical genetics and biomedicine. Recombinant DNA technology helps improve health conditions by creating new vaccines and medicines.