bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the pituitary-adrenal system for extracorporal membrane oxygenation: prospective study
Authors: Altshuler N. E. , Kutcyi M. B. , Kruglyakov N. M. , Gubarev K. K. , Bagzhanov G. I. , Popugaev Konstantin A.
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION. At the moment, assessing adrenal dysfunction in critical patients and ways to correct this function with hormone replacement therapy are extremely difficult. OBJECTIVES. Analysis of changes in the dynamics of ACTH and cortisol levels in blood plasma during ECMO. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The prospective study was performed in intensive care unit (47 patients on ECMO). After connecting ECMO (D0), (D1–D3–D5–D7–D9), and until the completion of ECMO, assessment of cortisol and ACTH levels was carried out. RESULTS. The median level of cortisol in blood plasma was higher in the non-survivors patients on the third day (D3) (p = 0.05), D7 (p = 0.03); D13 (p = 0.05) and the last day of observation (p = 0.001), respectively. The level of ACTH in the blood of non-survivors patients was higher immediately on the day of ECMO initiation (D0) and on day 3 (D3) of observation: D0 (p = 0.018); D3 (p = 0.04), respectively. Analysis of the ROC curve showed that cortisol levels show a sensitivity of 71 % and a specificity of 89 % to an adverse outcome during ECMO. DISCUSSION. The life-saving ECMO technique, in critical conditions, is associated with a high risk of increasing of complications, including potentially lethal ones. Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) clinically manifests itself as inadequate adrenal activity, taking into account the augmentation of the disease severity. This activity is expressed in the form of a decrease in production and/or resistance to endogenous cortisol, as confirmed by the study. Consideration of CIRCI during the usage of ECMO reflects more objectively the violation of the pituitary-adrenal system. CONCLUSIONS. 1. CIRCI is detected in patients during ECMO. 2. High plasma cortisol levels are the predictor of an adverse outcome. 3. The level of ACTH in blood plasma is higher in patients with adverse outcomes. 4. High levels of cortisol in plasma are not a criterion for making the decision to initiate hydrocortisone therapy.
Opportunity of Heritage Walk as a Tourism Product in Jaipur
Authors: Mathur Meera , Pipliwal Abhinav , Tahailyani Ayush , Patil Chetan Vilas
Published: August 2022

According to UNESCO World Heritage sites, India comes under top 10 in terms of heritage sites Forts like kumbalgarh fort, Amber fort, Jaisalmer fort, Ranthambore fort, Gagron fort, Chittorgarh fort were declared as UNESCO world heritage sites. This chapter aimed to know the tendency of tourists toward heritage and cultural sites who visit jaipur. In India Rajasthan (Jaipur) plays a vital role in terms of culture, heritage, arts, scienic view and so on. Heritage tourism boost maximum revenue in Rajasthan compare to other forms of tourism. Heritage & culture tourism attracts tourists and generates revenue for the city and also generates local employment. Government of India also plays a vital role in protecting and maintaining these heritage & culture sites like forts, mahal, museum, lake, temples, galleries etc. for future age groups. Apart from this Rajasthan state comes under top 5 in India in terms of foreign tourists. If we talk about Jaipur city then Jaipur is a paradise and is the soul of Indian culture. Blending of old and present, serene welcoming and warm hospitality of Jaipur is the beating heart of Jaipur tourism. Heritage walk as a tourism product in Jaipur definitely has many scope for attracting tourists, generating revenue and uplifting local employment.
Impact of Social Media in Promoting Sustainable Tourism in Uttarakhand
Authors: Rawat Dharmender Singh , Dani Rakesh
Published: August 2022

Social media has emerged as one of the most powerful platform for promotion due to its outreach and huge number of participants. Apart from spreading the information, it acts as a source of income for many individuals irrespective of the educational background, region, caste and creed. With facebook live and other live options, it has become the fastest medium of first hand information. Travel Vlogs has become a source of information for others and a source of income for the owner. People are impressed with such Vlogs or even with pictures shared by other travelers for a particular destination that plays a significant role in finalizing the destination one wants to visit. As the sustainable tourism has a challenge of conservation as well, it can use social media to spread the right information in the right way so as to influence the perception of the potential visitors that could further strengthen the sustainability of that particular desination. This outreach could be quite helpful in promoting Sustainable Tourism in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand. The objective of this chapter is to figure out the functions that social media platforms performs in encouraging sustainable tourism in Uttarakhand. The research reveals information about sustainable tourism and related items in the aforementioned locations that should be marketed on social media. It also makes recommendations for ways to boost sustainable tourism in Uttarakhand.
Critical Review on Role of Standardization in Growth of Tourism and Hospitality Industry in India Ricky Gupta, Soyal Khan Mansuri
Authors: Gupta Ricky , Mansuri Soyal Khan
Published: August 2022

The hospitality industry and the tourism industry go hand in hand and have contributed reasonably to the Gross Domestic Produce around the globe. This study focuses on if the standardization is responsible for growth in Hospitality and if yes then what aspects of standardization have actually helped in the growth of Hospitality. The findings being standardization has the ability to be used as a tool to bring about more uniformity, eradicate the ambiguity and promote clarity. It also states the chronological order of each step within a process may it be in production line or service or when performing guest-oriented activities. It helps in boosting morale as those employees who abide by the given set of standards usually master the activity that they are performing which promotes confidence and boosts morale. Also, standardization helps in giving written evidence of rules due to which an action is performed in a particular way in case there is any objection related to actions of the employee while performing the task. Application of standards help in promoting productivity by giving a number to each and every thing like the units that can be produced in given amount of time, average time taken to perform certain task, etc. These all aspect direct towards customer satisfaction and customer retention as the atmosphere at a well-managed place is always better than an unorganized place. Also, the customer will always want to receive the same level of services or product that has already satisfied him in the past. However, after studying various aspects that affect, it is suggested that some liberties and veto power to few yet relevant members of organization should also be given so as to deliver excellence by going beyond the limits and also when there is a need to take a decision when the situation is adverse and due to the loopholes in standards, solution to it is not there in the pre-defined rules. The conclusion being, yes, up to an extent, the process of standardization can help and boost the growth in the industry of hospitality which is due to the underlying benefits that help in smooth functioning that in return helps to nurture growth.
A Review on Effect of Sustainable Tourism on Host Community
Authors: Takuli Somya , Rawal Yashwant Singh , Takuli Sundeep Singh
Published: August 2022

Rapid and uncontrolled tourism expansion has increased the risk of environmental damage in these fragile ecosystems. Unnecessary energy use, transportation, water utilization, trash, has all added to an unnatural weather change in context to tourism. A few other adverse consequences of uncontrolled Tourism are clogged, inappropriate slop removal, beach disintegration, overfishing, threat towards natural life & living species etc. Tourism may have bad effect on host community in terms of language and cultural impacts, undesirable way of life changes, acquainting persistent vices with the nearby populace, medical conditions e.g. expansion in wrongdoing, gridlock and swarming that causes pressure, inconvenience, and struggle. The aim of this paper is to generate awareness among tourists towards environment and local communities so that they can become responsible tourists towards local environment and local people.
Social Media: Marketing Strategies in Hospitality Industry
Authors: Bhatt Sagar , Dani Rakesh
Published: August 2022

Communication, the process of by which people can get information through sending and receiving messages, it is crucial for understanding and providing knowledge to people. It helps to people to understand and venerate their environment and facilitate relationships between and among listener and speaker. In the revolutionary phase of social media there are a lot of modes by which customer can get to know about the catering establishments facilities and feedback as well as the review and suggestions. It helps to them about the make a mind set about the services which is provided by the hotels. Social media application help to assist the management about the need and demand of their valuable customers as well as it help to guests to update their self about the latest trends and events.
Leadership and HRM Strategies in Hotel Industry for Building Organizational Commitment and Emotional Well-being of Employees in the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Soni Harvinder , Rawal Yashwant Singh , Durmaz Yakup
Published: August 2022

This chapter aims to evaluate the impact of COVID- 19 on the emotional well-being and organizational commitment of employees in the hotel industry. The chapter also analyses whether the employees are satisfied with the leadership and human resource management strategies of their management to combat the challenges posed by the pandemic. Further, an attempt has been made to assess the changes brought about by the hotels in their health and safety policies to meet the risks of the crisis. A structured questionnaire based on Likert’s 5-point scale was used to assess the impact of COVID- 19 on the jobs, salary, employee commitment, health, hygiene, and safety policies of the hotels together with the mental and emotional well-being and work performance of the employees in this sector. Data was collected from 300 employees working in four and five-star hotels. One sample t-test was applied to test the hypothesis of the study. Cronbach's Alpha was applied on 30 items to check the reliability of the questionnaire. Analysis revealed that employees of the hotel industry are satisfied with leadership strategy and the HRM practices adopted by the hotel for managing the COVID-19 crisis. It has been found that hotels have adopted appropriate safety measures to safeguard against the threats of COVID-19. Employees in the hotel industry are significantly affected by the threats caused by the coronavirus, as the mean score for the emotional well-being factor was significantly low. The organizational commitment of employees has been impacted due to apprehensions about job security and uncertainty associated with their compensation. The sample mean for organizational commitment was significantly low, which shows employees’ commitment was not very high. This chapter is confined to four-star and five-star hotels in India. Hence, the results cannot be generalized to hotels outside the selected category. Moreover, this research is based on a quantitative methodology. The validity of the results can be increased by adopting qualitative tools such as in-depth interviews and focus groups. This chapter has contributed a novel perspective to the literature as it seeks to analyze the changes incorporated in the leadership and human resource strategies of the hotel industry in the wake of COVID-19. Additionally, the study has focussed on assessing the emotional health and organizational commitment of hotel employees during the pandemic and the strategies designed to combat the adverse effect of the present crisis.
Maintaining the Plurality and Sacred Value of Islamic Law through the Existence of the Sharia Banking Law
Authors: Nopriansyah Waldi , Munajat Makhrus , Mujib Abdul
Published: August 2022

Islamic banks are the fastest growing Islamic financial institutions in Indonesia. In fact, Islamic Banks already have special regulations, namely Law Number 21 of 2008. This article aimed to analyze how important the Sharia Banking Law is in maintaining the plurality and sacredness of Islamic law in every sharia banking operational activity. The method used in this article is qualitative with a normative approach. This article found that Sharia Banking Law supports the sacredness of Islamic law, namely to realize the benefit. The existence of the Sharia Banking Law indirectly shows its capacity as a legal product that provides a plurality space so that the law can be enjoyed by all humans and all religions based on community beliefs. In addition, the existence of the Sharia Banking Law can also be a reference for other Islamic law products to provide a plurality value space behind the sacredness of Islamic law in Indonesia.
Avaliação de diferentes métodos de poda no desempenho agronômico da videira bordô cultivada no Planalto Norte Catarinense
Authors: Wurz Douglas , Stange Almeida Rabechlt , Nabir Kowal Alcemir , Aparecida Silva Maciel Thalia
Published: August 2022

Não se observam estudos realizados na região do Planalto Norte Catarinense em relação ao manejo da poda da videira bordô. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a poda curta com a poda mista, nos aspectos produtivos e qualitativos da uva bordô cultivada na região do Planalto Norte Catarinense. O experimento foi realizado na safra 2019 e 2020. Utilizou-se vinhedo da variedade bordô enxertada sobre “VR 043-43”, implantado em 2013. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois diferentes sistemas de poda: poda curta, deixando-se duas gemas em cada esporão, e em poda mista, deixando-se varas com quatro gemas e esporões contendo duas gemas para renovação. Avaliaram-se: índices produtivos, arquitetura de cachos e maturação tecnológica. O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e dez plantas por blocos. A poda mista resultou em aumento do número de cachos planta-1, aumento da produção e da produtividade da videira bordô em comparação à poda curta. Além disso, a poda mista alterou a arquitetura de cachos, propiciando cachos de maior comprimento, maior número de bagas cacho-1 e massa de cachos. Em função do aumento dos índices produtivos, há redução do acúmulo de sólidos solúveis e menor degradação de ácidos orgânicos nas uvas.
Influência do uso e da cobertura do solo sobre a diversidade e a riqueza de abelhas na Ilha de Santa Catarina
Authors: Cadore Agnes , Faita Márcia , Pereira Erick , Bento Giovana , Lima Valdeir , Steiner Josefina , Poltronieri Alex
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade e riqueza de abelhas em três paisagens na Ilha de Santa Catarina. Com base em características de uso e ocupação do solo, selecionaram-se três locais onde foram instalados nove kits, compostos por um ninho-armadilha e uma armadilha Moericke. Em cada local, os kits foram distribuídos em três áreas, caracterizadas como: 1 – borda de mata; 2 – intermediária; 3 – antropizada. As coletas quinzenais foram realizadas entre abril/2019 e março/2020. As abelhas capturadas foram montadas em coleção permanente e identificadas com auxílio de chaves dicotômicas até o nível de espécie. Coletaram[1]se dados mensais de temperatura e precipitação para avaliar sua influência sobre as abelhas ao longo do ano. A área intermediária, que possui vegetação secundária em estágio inicial de regeneração, apresentou maior número de abelhas, diferindo significativamente da borda de mata e da área antropizada. Os locais com distintos usos e cobertura do solo não evidenciaram diferença entre si quanto ao número de abelhas capturadas, assim como não foi identificada influência dos fatores abióticos sobre a comunidade de abelhas. Observou-se que fragmentos florestais em áreas urbanas oferecem condições para a presença de abelhas. O monitoramento da apifauna permite conhecer seu estado de conservação e desenvolver ações para proteção dos recursos naturais.
Analysis of apical sealing of canals irradiated with Er: YAG and Nd: YAG lasers and filled with AH Plus®
Authors: Angela Toshie Araki  , Alexandre Gomes Bezerra  , Priscila Alonso Henriques  , Andrea Kanako Yamazaki Arasaki  , Igor Prokopowitsch  , Celso Luis Caldeira
Published: August 2022

Laser technology is gaining increasing importance in dental practice and also in the field of Endodontics with its ability to promote disinfection and experimentally in the preparation of root canal. The action of different types of lasers results in changes representing the increase in permeability of dentinal tissue (Er: YAG) or sometimes by a decrease in melting and recrystallization of dentin (Nd: YAG). Objective: this study assessed through apical dye leakage, the influence of irradiation with two types of laser, regarding to the quality of apical sealing of endodontic fillings. Material and methods:Thirty-six single-rooted teeth were used after being prepared with the ProFile system up to size #40 instrument and then divided into four experimental and two control groups. The technique used previously to the filling was as follows: G1 – not irradiated; G2 – irradiated with Er: YAG; G3 – irradiated with Nd: YAG and G4 – irradiated with Er: YAG followed by Nd: YAG. After external waterproofing and dry, the specimens were filled with a cold vertical condensation technique, using AH Plus sealer, and immediately immersed into 0.5% methylene blue solution for subsequent cleavage. The linear values of apical marginal leakage were obtained with the aid of an optical microscope connected to a computer using the Image Lab® software. Results: Data analysis showed the non-existence of statistically significant (p = 0.05) differences between different groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that the laser does not have influence on the apical sealing.
Cytological changes in oral epithelium due to Sudanese homemade alcoholic beverages
Authors: Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed  , Shima Bushra Bakhet  , Awdah M. Al-hazimi
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the cytological changes in oral epithelium that might be induced by Sudanese homemade alcoholic beverages. Material and methods: Oral Exfoliative Cytology (OEFC) was applied to a case control study to assess the presence and severity of oral epithelial atypia (ET) in 300 subjects (150 alcohol abuse individuals (cases); 150 non-alcohol abuse individuals (controls)). All cases were using homemade alcoholic drinks, locally known as, Aragee, Marisa and others. Five patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCs) were included as internal controls. Results: ET was detected in 7 subjects and was not observed in the remaining 293. All the 7 subjects with cytological atypia were cases. Cytological atypia were identified among those using Aragee, Marisa, and Aragee & Marisa together, representing 53%, 28.6%, 18%.4, respectively. Cytological atypia was found in all the 5 control cases with OSCCs. For the cytological atypia among alcohol abuse individuals, the adjusted OR and the 95% CI were found to be 5 (4.34-5.84) and P = 0.008. Inflammatory cells infiltrates were identified among 21 (14%) of the cases and only 12 (8%) of the controls and the adjusted OR and the 95% CI were found to be 5 (2.51-11.21) and P = 0.009. Conclusion:In view of these findings, Sudanese homemade alcoholic beverages cause oral epithelial atypical changes, which lead to oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. OEFC is a useful procedure for detection and assessment of oral ET.
In vitro comparison of the force degradation of orthodontic intraoral elastics from different compositions
Authors: Camilla Ivini Viana Vieira  , Cibele Braga de Oliveira  , Alexandre Antonio Ribeiro  , Sergei Godeiro Fernandes Rabelo Caldas  , Lídia Parsekian Martins  , Luiz Gonzaga Gandini Jr.  , Ary dos Santos-Pinto
Published: August 2022

The synthetic intermaxillary elastic emerged as an alternative for clinical use in patients with latex sensitivity. However, there are disagreements about this elastic protocol use according to the force degradation. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the forces generated by latex and synthetic elastics over time. Material and methods: Sample size of 840 elastics were used (420 latex and 420 synthetic), delivering medium strength (Dental Morelli®) with internal diameter of 1/8”, 3/16”, 1/4” and 5/16”. The elastics were randomly divided into 6 groups according to the time of the force measuring and immersed into distilled water at 37°C. To measure the force in each group, the elastics were stretched in six progressive increases of 100% of its internal diameter with the aid of a testing machine Emic and measured up to 72 hours. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0, using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Immediate force level of synthetic elastics was statistically higher than latex elastics in all strains, for the same size. However, the latex elastics mean force slightly decreased over time, while the synthetic elastics presented an abrupt decrease. Conclusion: The synthetic elastic presented high force degradation, decreasing the cost-benefit ratio due to the high frequency of exchange of elastic. The latex elastic showed better mechanical performance in comparison to synthetic ones.
Evaluation of apically extruded debris during endodontic retreatment
Authors: Marcelo de Morais Vitoriano  , Bernardo Almeida Aguiar  , Iuri Lopes Mesquita  , Cláudio Maniglia-Ferreira  , Fábio Almeida Gomes  , Roberto Alves dos Santos  , Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
Published: August 2022

A growing interest to preserve teeth into the mouth by patients resulted in the increasing number of endodontic retreatments, and when these happen, many different types of irritants are extruded through the foramen. Objective: This study analyzed in vitro the amount of debris extruded through the foramen using four instrumentation techniques during endodontic retreatment. Material and methods: Forty mesial-buccal roots of first molars were selected, instrumented with anatomical diameter up to size #30 ISO file and then obturated with gutta-percha and grossman sealer by lateral condensation. After, they were separated and randomly allocated into four groups with 10 teeth each for the endodontic retreatment procedure: G1 – conventional technique + solvent, G2 – conventional technique without solvent, G3 – ProTaper retreatment + solvent, G4 – ProTaper retreatment without solvent. In all groups, gutta-percha in the coronal portion was removed by using size 1-3 Gates Glidden drills. All teeth were irrigated with distilled water. The debris extruded through the foramen were collected and weighed by an analytical balance. Results: Group 4 had the lowest average for material extrusion through the foramen followed by groups 2, 3 and 1. When Tukey test for statistical analysis was applied, no significant difference among groups were found (p = 0.5664). Conclusion: We conclude that all instrumentation techniques used in this study produced debris which goes beyond the foramen.
Evaluation of the inflammatory response of the subcutaneous conjunctive of mice against some endodontic irrigations solutions
Authors: Gabriella Guimarães de Oliveira  , Evandro Luiz Siqueira  , Maria Aparecida Nicoletti  , Giulio Gavini  , Marcelo dos Santos  , Fábio Daumas Nunes
Published: August 2022

Sodium hypochlorite has been used as an endodontic irrigant since 1936, when Walker used it as Sodium Chlorine. Since then it has became the most well acceptable endodontic irrigant. During the last few years many studies have reported the importance of pH control. Objective: This study evaluates the inflammatory response of some endodontic irrigations solutions in the subcutaneous connective tissue of mice. Material and methods: Thirty-six mice were obtained from the Biomedical Sciences Institute at the University of São Paulo. Their backs were divided into four quadrants and each quadrant was injured with an 8 mm punch. Three of these wounds were submitted to differents solutions, while the fourth was used as a control. This experiment was done in triplicate. After the irrigation of the wounds, the mice were sacrificed at 3, 7 and 14days. The samples were fixed on 10% formalin and histologically analyzed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: At 14 days all wounds were covered with epithelium with a mild inflammatory infiltrate in the subjacent connective tissue, except for the group that employed 5% sodium hypochlorite at pH 11. Conclusion: The greatest the pH and concentration of sodium hypochlorite solutions, the most toxic they are.
Comparative evaluation of radiopacity of MTA Fillapex® endodontic sealer through a digital radiograph system
Authors: Silvya Aparecida Vanso Bicheri  , Fausto Rodrigo Victorino
Published: August 2022

The radiograph represents one of the evaluation tools of the endodontic procedure. Therefore, radiopacity is an essential property of filling materials. Objective: To evaluate the MTA Fillapex® radiopacity, as compared to that of Sealer26®, Sealapex®and AH Plus®. Material and methods: Five specimens were prepared from each endodontic sealer, which were then positioned in the digital sensor (Kodak RVG 6100 – Digital Radiography System) and radiographed with a Kodak 2200 Intraoral Device Rx System, operating at 70 Kvp, 10 mV, with an exposition time of 0.071 tenth of second and a distance of 20 cm from the sensor. The radiopacity was assessed using the software Image Tool 3.0, which determines gray shades ranging from 0 to 255 pixels. For statistical analysis, ANOVA test was used, followed by Tukey’s test at a significance level of 5%. Results: The MTA Fillapex® presented the lowest radiopacity between all tested sealers, while AH Plus® was the most radiopaque one. Sealapex® and Sealer 26® showed intermediate radiopacity and statistically did not differ from each other. Conclusion: MTA Fillapex® presented intermediate radiopacity. When compared with AH Plus®, Sealer 26® and Sealapex® endodontic sealers, it exhibited the smallest result.
Effect of substrate and adhesive system type on composite resin restorations
Authors: Clarissa Cabral Trinta  , José Ferreira Costa  , Rosana Costa Casanovas de Carvalho  , Sandra Augusta de Moura Leite  , Daniele Meira Conde  , Adriana Silva de Carvalho
Published: August 2022

Although it is possible to obtain a reliable bond between enamel and composite resin, the ideal bonding method of composite resin to dentin still needs to be developed. Variables such as the type of adhesive system used and type of dentin substrate can influence on the adhesion. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of composite resin restorations to human and bovine dentin using three adhesive systems. Material and methods: Fifteen human third molars sectioned into two halves and 30 bovine incisors were cut into blocks (4x4mm), embedded in acrylic resin and ground flat to expose the dentin. The specimens were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): group 1 – human dentin using Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; group 2 – human dentin using Adper Single Bond 2; group 3 – human dentin using Adper Prompt L-Pop; group 4 – bovine dentin using Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; group 5 – bovine dentin using Adper Single Bond 2; group 6 – bovine dentin using Adper Prompt L-Pop. After composite resin restoration procedure, the specimens were stored into distilled water for 24h at 37ºC and then submitted to the shear test using a universal testing machine. The failure patterns were examined microscopically and classified as adhesive, cohesive in resin, cohesive in dentin or both, and mixed. The ANOVA (two-way) and Tukey’s post hoc were used. Chi-square test for independence was used for analysis of failure mode. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: A significant difference in shear bond strength was observed among adhesive systems (p = 0.031), with higher values for one-bottle adhesive (8.87±2.72) and lower for self-etching (6.38±3.15), and between the two types of substrate (p = 0.018), with higher values for human dentin. However, there was no significant difference for the adhesive system/substrate interaction (p = 0.11). Adhesive failure was the predominant failure mode for all adhesive systems and for the two substrates. Conclusion: Shear bond strength was different between human and bovine substrates and for the adhesive system used.
Application of the finite element method in Dentistry
Authors: Máyra Andressa R. V. Piccioni  , Edson Alves Campos  , José Roberto Cury Saad  , Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade  , Marília Regalado Galvão  , Andrea Abi Rached
Published: August 2022

The finite element method (FEM) involves a series of computational procedures to calculate the stress in each element, which performs a model solution. Such a structural analysis allows the determination of stress resulting from external force, pressure, thermal change, and other factors. This method is extremely useful for indicating mechanical aspects of biomaterials and human tissues that can hardly be measured in vivo. The results obtained can then be studied using visualization software within the FEM environment to view a variety of parameters, and to fully identify implications of the analysis. Objective: An overview to show application of FEM in dentistry was undertaken. Literature review: This paper shows the basic concept, advances, advantages, limitations and applications of finite element method (FEM) in dentistry. Conclusion: It is extremely important to verify what the purpose of the study is in order to correctly apply FEM.
Teeth processing in human teeth bank – proposal of protocol
Authors: Lucimara Albrecht  , Erica Lopes Ferreira  , Maria Luiza Minuzzi Passos  , Rossana Tais Cecchetti
Published: August 2022

Dentistry courses conduct preclinical laboratory trainings and research using extracted human teeth. For a safe usage of those teeth, it is necessary to subject them to cleaning, disinfection and/or sterilization and proper storage to ensure they are free of biological residues. Each of these steps should be properly described in standard operating procedures (SOPs) and in the processing protocol of the Human Tooth Bank (HTB). Objective:To create a processing protocol for Human Tooth Bank based on a literature review on cleaning, disinfection and/or sterilization and storage methods for extracted human teeth. Literature review: The hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment are essential at all stages of processing. The previous cleaning of the tooth is essential, preferably with enzymatic detergent, and complemented by ultrasonic washing machine. The water quality should be considered in cleaning, washing, dilution of the enzymatic detergent and in the ultrasonic washing machine. Due to the prohibition of immersion use of chemical solution as sterilizing agents, saturated steam under pressure is widely used. Freezing is the recommended storage method because neither it alters dental structures nor affects research results. All this information should be consider for the elaboration of the processing protocol for extracted human teeth. Each action taken requires a detailed description and must be validated by the institution. Conclusion: The adoption of a protocol with SOPs for cleaning, disinfecting and/or sterilization and storage of human teeth in HTB standardize the processing and minimize exposure to biological agents, enabling the use of the tooth under appropriate conditions for research and laboratory preclinical training.
Endodontists perceptions of single and multiple visit root canal treatment: a survey in Florianópolis – Brazil
Authors: Monica de Souza Netto  , Flavia Saavedra  , Jacy Simi Júnior  , Ricardo Machado  , Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva  , Luiz Pascoal Vansan
Published: August 2022

One of the main debates that have occurred in Endodontics is about the amount of sessions required to complete an appropriate treatment. There are very different philosophies regarding this matter. Objective: to the aim of this study was to investigate the Endodontists’ point of view regarding single and multiple visit root canal treatment, identifying the basis on which the choice is made and how the information necessary for the choice is acquired. Material and methods: Endodontists registered in the dental practice board of Florianópolis/SC were contacted, and if they agreed to participate, they were interviewed using a questionnaire. The following topics were addressed: demographics, current clinical procedures, treatment rationales and preferences. Forty-three endodontists agreed to participate in the study. Results: Single visit endodontic treatment is carried out in 59.5% of biopulpectomy cases, 31.0% of necropulpectomy cases without lesion and only 11.9% in necropulpectomy cases with periapical lesion. The presence of vital pulp (81.4%) and a canal without exudate (93.0%) are the most important criteria for carrying out single visit endodontic treatment. The most used intracanal medication was calcium hydroxide. The lack of studies comparing long-term success on single visit endodontic treatment is considered an important issue to determine this therapy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Florianopolis-Brazil endodontists prefer multiple visit over single visit root canal treatment in pulp necrosis cases. When pulp vitality is not compromised there is an increase in the number of endodontists who choose single visit root canal treatment.
Effect of Er:YAG laser and diamond drill on hybrid layer morphology obtained with self-etch adhesive – analysis by SEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)
Authors: Aline de Oliveira Gonçalves  , Cinthia Sawamura Kubo  , Osmir Batista Oliveira Júnior  , Edson Alves de Campos  , Marcelo Ferrarezi Andrade
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG (L) and diamond drills (DD) on: 1) the microshear bond strength (MPa); 2) the adhesive interface of two-step (TS) – Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose and one-step (OS) adhesives – Adper EasyOne, both from 3M ESPE. Material and methods:According to the preparation condition and adhesives, the samples were divided into four groups: DD_TS (control); DD_OS; L_TS and L_OS. 60 bovine incisors were randomly divided into experimental and groups: 40 for microshear bond strength (n = 10) and 20 for the adhesive interface morphology [6 to measure the thickness of the hybrid layer (HL) and length of tags (t) by CLSM (n = 3); 12 to the adhesive interface morphology by SEM (n = 3) and 2 to illustrate the effect of the instruments on dentine by SEM (n = 1)].To conduct the microshear bond strength test, four cylinders (0.7 mm in diameter and 1 mm in height with area of adhesion of 0.38 mm) were constructed with resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT – 3M ESPE) on each dentin surface treated by either L or DD and after adhesives application. Microshear bond strength was performed in universal testing machine (EMIC 2000) with load cell of 500 kgf and a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm / min. Adhesive interface was characterized by thickness of hybrid layer (HL) and length of tags (t) in nm, with the aid of UTHSCSA ImageTool software. Results: Microshear bond strength values were: L_TS 34.10 ± 19.07, DD_TS 24.26 ± 9.35, L_OS 33.18 ± 12.46, DD_OS 21.24 ± 13.96. Two-way ANOVA resulted in statistically significant differences only for instruments (p = 0.047). Mann-Whitney identified the instruments which determined significant differences for HL thickness and tag length (t). Concerning to the adhesive types, these differences were only observed for (t). Conclusion: It can be concluded that 1) laser Er:YAG results in higher microshear bond strength values regardless of the adhesive system (TS and OS); 2) the tags did not significant affect the microshear bond strength; 3) the adhesive interface was affected by both the instruments for cavity preparation and the type of adhesive system used.
Analysis of blood pressure during tooth extraction
Authors: Alessandro Hyczy Lisboa  , Chigueyuki Jitumori  , Evaldo Artur Hasselmann Júnior  , Rafael Pes  , Gibson Luis Pilatti
Published: August 2022

Surgical procedures have a history of dental pain, apprehension and fear reported by patients. Because of these reasons, they trigger a series of modifications that lead to changes in blood pressure and stress occurrences. Objective: This study aimed to monitor changes in blood pressure pre-, trans-, and postoperatively and assess whether the differences would be significant. Material and methods: One hundred and ninety-four patients, both genders, aged between 14 and 65 who were undergoing surgery for tooth extraction were selected. They had their systolic and diastolic blood pressures measured at four different times: preoperative (M1), post-anesthesia (M2), post-extraction (M3) and at the end, after the suture (M4), with the aid of a digital tensiometer. Results:There were statistically significant differences between systolic blood pressure changes among all times, except between M1 and M4. Concerning the diastolic blood pressure measurement, there were statistical differences among all times except between M1xM4 and M2xM3. Conclusion: There were changes in blood pressure between different moments of extractions.
Oral rehabilitation of patient with severe early childhood caries: a case report
Authors: Luciana Pedroso  , Camila Zucuni  , Letícia Westphalen Bento  , Juliana Yassue Barbosa da Silva  , Bianca Zimmermann Santos
Published: August 2022

Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is very common in pre-school children and shows a pattern of development which is defined and symmetrical, beginning on the cervical third of labial surface of maxillary anterior teeth. Accordingly, it can damage speech, swallowing, feeding, development, esthetics and self-esteem of the child. Objective: To report a case of a 5-year-old female patient with S-ECC on teeth #51, #52, #61 and #62. Case report: The patient came to dental clinic of the university with her mother for dental care. During the interview, the mother reported that her daughter used to drink milk in baby bottle at day and night with sugar content. Moreover, oral hygiene was not performed after bottle feeding at night. On clinical examination, the teeth #51, #52, #61 and #62 presented coronal destruction, and the mucosa associated at these teeth was very inflamed. Radiographically, it was found that carious lesions were limited to inner dentin. The treatment plan included education on oral hygiene and diet guidance. Rehabilitation with acetate matrixes was the treatment chosen for teeth destroyed by caries. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the use of acetate matrixes is an effective alternative to return aesthetics and functionality to teeth of patients with severe early childhood caries.
Histological analysis of cleaning capacity in apical third of flattened root canals with passive ultrasonic irrigation
Authors: Tiago Luís Boff  , Caroline Zamin  , Deborah Meirelles Cogo  , José Roberto Vanni  , Mateus Silveira Martins Hartmann  , Volmir João Fornari
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically the passive use of ultrasound for cleaning the apical portion of flattened root canal systems. Material and methods:The sample consisted of 20 extracted human mandibular incisors which were divided into two groups after being prepared with the rotary system Hero 642 up to size #45 surgical diameter: Group A – final irrigation with 4 ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite by the conventional technique using a syringe, and Group B – final irrigation with 4 ml of 2.5%, sodium hypochlorite divided into 1 ml amounts which were activated with the passive use of ultrasound for 15 seconds each time, generating a total activation period of 1 minute. Following, the teeth were subjected to morphometric analysis to evaluate the cleaning ability promoted in both groups. Results and Conclusion: Statistical analysis showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between the groups, with the passive ultrasonic irrigation resulting in cleaner canals.
Conservative esthetic solution with ceramic laminates: literature review
Authors: Gisely Naura Venâncio  , Rosceline Rodrigues Guimarães Júnior  , Sybilla Torres Dias
Published: August 2022

Modern dentistry seeks to offer increasingly esthetic treatments, aimed at patient’s well-being and satisfaction. In this perspective, this study aimed to conduct a literature review on the use of ceramic laminates as conservative and esthetic solution, addressing their indications, contraindications, limitations and its importance in dentistry. Literature review:The evidence in the literature show that the ceramic laminates are used for restoring anterior teeth, reestablishing dental function and esthetic mainly due to its excellent optical property, and preserving tooth structure, as it is necessary less tooth wear to return shape, texture, color and harmony to the teeth involved. Conclusion: It was conclude that this is a treatment option with high success rate when properly indicated, planned and executed according to each case.
Sealing ability of different versions of GuttaFlow2 in comparison to GuttaFlow and AH Plus
Authors: Johannes Ebert  , Barbara Holzschuh  , Roland Frankenberger  , Anselm Petschelt  , Matthias Johannes Roggendorf
Published: August 2022

GuttaFlow2 is a further development of the silicone sealer GuttaFlow, exhibiting a stiffer consistency. This is intended to overcome possible problems regarding retention of the apical part of the root canal filling when preparing for a fiber post. GuttaFlow2 is delivered within a capsule, like GuttaFlow, or within an automix syringe. This study compared apical dye leakage of GuttaFlow2 in comparison to GuttaFlow and AH Plus. The null hypothesis tested was that different sealers exhibited similar microleakage. Material and methods: Seventy extracted human lower premolars with fully mature apices were root canal prepared to 45/.04 and divided into seven groups: group 1: AH Plus sealer, group 2: “normal” setting GuttaFlow, group 3: “fast” setting GuttaFlow, group 4: GuttaFlow2 within a capsule, group 5: GuttaFlow2 within an automix syringe, group 6: positive control, group 7: negative control (n = 10 each). Root canals were filled with sealer (except group 7) and a master gutta-percha cone size 40/.04 using the non-compaction technique. A dye penetration test was carried out by centrifugation for 3 min at 30 G within 5 % methylene blue dye. Linear dye penetration was recorded. Statistical evaluation was carried out with IBM SPSS 19.0 (α = 0.05). Results: The positive control was significantly different from all other groups (ANOVA, p < 0.001; Student-Newman-Keuls post-hoc test p < 0.05). When the control groups were disregarded, no significant differences were apparent. Groups 1 to 5 showed low leakage values when compared with results of earlier studies using a similar methodology. Conclusion: All sealers tested exhibited low dye leakage values.
Use of restorative materials for direct and indirect restorations in posterior teeth by Brazilian dentists
Authors: Sâmira Ambar Lins  , Áquira Ishikiriama  , Fabio Antonio Piola Rizzante  , Adilson Yoshio Furuse  , José Mondelli  , Sérgio Kiyoshi Ishikiriama  , Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
Published: August 2022

Often, dentists perform procedures aiming at more esthetical than long-term clinical performance of restorations. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of use of different direct and indirect restorative materials in posterior teeth. Material and methods: In 2004, a questionnaire was applied to 486 dentists living at five geographical regions of Brazil. The dentists answered a questionnaire containing four questions, in which they reported the most widely used restorative material for direct (amalgam, composite resin, and glass ionomer) and indirect restorations (gold, silver, and copper/aluminum alloys, indirect resin composites, and ceramics) and specified the reason for using the material type selected. Results: In 2004, amalgam was the direct restorative material most used by dentists at almost all regions, except from South region, where resin composite was the most used. Esthetics was the main reason stated for the use of resin composites. As for indirect restorations, metallic restorations were the most used in Northeast (77.8%). No differences were found regarding the material type use between metallic and aesthetic materials at North, Southeast and Center-West regions. At South region, esthetic restorations were the most used. Conclusion:Despite the limitations of this present study, direct and indirect metallic restorations were the most common materials in 2004.
Profile of temporomandibular disorder patients submitted to dental and physiotherapeutic treatment at a private clinic
Authors: Mariana Lima Fernandes  , Lídia Audrey Rocha Valadas Marques  , Edilson Martins Rodrigues Neto  , Mara Assef Leitão Lotif  , Francisca Helvira Cavalcante Melo  , Raimunda Hermelinda Maia Macena
Published: August 2022

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is the term used in Dentistry to define the structural and disorder changes affect the physiology of the masticatory system composed of TMJ and related to musculoskeletal structures. Objective: To conduct a descriptive, transversal and documentary study aiming to determine the profile of 14 TMD patients undergoing simultaneous dental and physiotherapeutic treatment at a private practice of the city of Fortaleza-Ce. Material and methods: The following instruments for the collection of the data were employed: files registering the evaluation and evolution, findings of the radiographic examinations and forms. Data were statistically analyzed through SPSS software, version 10.0. Results: Most of the sample was composed by females aged 32 years (+/-10.60) in average, mainly complaining about chronic headache, masticatory myalgia , TMJ pain, cervicalgy, otalgia, among others. The complete sample presented, at least, one pathology associated to and/or concomitant to TMD. The radiographic findings showed TMJ alterations and tooth losses. Analgesics were the most used drugs. Conclusion: TMD is a complex syndrome, with many etiologies and symptoms, aggravating and perpetuating factors, requiring multiple and even more specialized therapeutic management attempting treatment success.