bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sham Education? Survival Strategies for Ukrainian Refugee Students and Teachers (Based on Feedback from General Education Teachers)
Authors: Biernat Tomasz
Published: May 2024

The aim of the article was to describe the strategies used by refugee students from Ukraine and teachers in upper secondary schools after Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. Under these extraordinary conditions, students were enrolled in a school that differed in structure, organization, curricula, assessment system and culture. The article is based on qualitative research in an interactionist perspective, which was conducted by means of interviews among teachers of various upper secondary schools. Teachers had to face previously unknown challenges related to the implementation of the teaching process with students who do not speak Polish. The article describes the strategies of students and teachers that were created to cope with this situation and their functions in the context of the educational process. The identified strategies of students include: the strategy of distancing, avoiding engagement and the strategy of not learning Polish. The article also contains a description of the strategies implemented by teachers who had to face the problem of teaching refugee students. In their everyday educational practices, they developed and applied the following strategies: bracketing students, minimizing expectations, and the strategy of double standards. As a result, these strategies have led to the production of façade education and practices that exclude students from the educational process.
War Trauma and the Family System— “Contagion” Processes vs Homeostatic Processes
Authors: Bajkowski Tomasz
Published: May 2024

The aim of the article is to confront the knowledge about the specificity of the functioning of the family system in the situation of exposure of its members to traumatic phenomena, which are undoubtedly the hostilities in Ukraine. The wave of war refugees, that we have been encountering in our country for two years, requires developing ways of helping to contain traumatic experiences, rebuilding a sense of security and restoring homeostatic mechanisms natural to the family system. Knowledge of the mechanisms that govern, regulate and order the family system can be helpful in developing a methodical approach. What can potentially hinder this type of work is, on the one hand, the accumulation of a large number of traumatic stimuli (m.in. war, refugeeism, cultural and linguistic differences, different levels of social and personal capital), and on the other hand, the fact that methods of working with post-traumatic disorders are used to work with this type of families, in a situation where trauma is an ongoing experience.
Integration and Language. Teaching Polish to Refugees from Ukraine— a Motivating Perspective
Authors: Misiejuk Dorota
Published: May 2024

Teaching Polish as a foreign language to refugees from Ukraine is an experience at the intersection of intercultural education and glottodidactics. The specificity of the social situation—refugeeism—generates special needs of learners and special learning strategies. The need for integration behind language learning is primarily the ability to communicate in a new language as soon as possible. The record of the experience of working with refugees shows that building on cultural difference and the strategy of developing a “rich point” provides opportunities for motivating work on language learning in a difficult refugee situation.
Evaluation of 2D affine — hand-crafted detectors for feature-based TLS point cloud registration
Authors: Markiewicz Jakub
Published: May 2024

The development of modern surveying methods, particularly, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), has found wide application in protecting and monitoring engineering and objects and sites of cultural heritage. For this reason, it is crucial that several factors a˛ecting the correctness of point cloud registration are considered, including the correctness of the distribution of control points (both signalised and natural), the quality of the process, and robustness analysis. The aim of this article is to evaluate the quality and correctness of TLS registration based on point clouds converted to raster form (in spherical mapping) and hand-crafted detectors. The expanded Structure-from-Motion (SfM) was used to detect the tie points for TLS registration and reliability assessment. The results demonstrated that affine detectors are useful in detecting a high number of key points (increased for point detectors by 8–12 times and for blob detectors by about 10–24 times), improving the quality and TLS registration completeness. For the registration accuracy of point cloud on signalised check points, the lower values can be noted for maximum RMSE errors for blob affine detectors than detectors and larger values for corner detectors and affine detectors (not more than 4 mm in the extreme cases, typically 2 mm). The commonly-applied target-based registration method yields similar results (di˛erences do not exceed – in extreme cases – 3.5 mm, typically less than 2 mm), proving that using affine detectors in the TLS registration process is and reasonable and can be recommended.
Memória de Jovens Rurais Universitários e Universitárias sobre Experiencia de Vida e Trabalho
Authors: Soares Sandes Alano José , Santos Alves Ana Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar quais as memórias coletivas presentes nos depoimentos de homens e mulheres provenientes do campo a respeito das suas experiências de vida no mundo rural e de suas relações com o trabalho, com a educação e o ingresso na universidade.  A coleta dos dados e sua posterior análise ocorreu com 09 (nove) estudantes (5 homens e 4 mulheres) de graduação de origem rural e vinculados (as) a uma Instituição de Ensino Superior pública de Vitória da Conquista-BA.O desenvolvimento do estudo buscou a teoria e a empiria, formando a espinha dorsal do trabalho, utilizando-se do conceito de memória coletiva proposto por Halbwachs (2006) e as concepções de memória social fundamentadas em Aróstegui (2004), Jelin (2012) e Fentress & Wickham (1992). O conceito de experiência foi abordado a partir da noção de experiência em Thompson (2011). As memórias dos e das jovens rurais entrevistados (as) possibilitaram a construção de eixos temáticos a respeito da vida no campo, do trabalho e das experiências na Universidade. A partir dos resultados, com ciência da realidade e das demandas dos e das jovens camponeses/as entrevistados (as), políticas públicas para este grupo social podem ser empreendidas dentro e fora da universidade. Novas agendas de pesquisa podem ser úteis para generalizar os achados desse estudo.
A criação de um sistema participativo de garantia em tempos de pandemia (COVID-19), no estado de Alagoas
Authors: Santana José Ubiratan Rezende , Dubeux Gervais Ana Maria , Benatto Leandro , Gomes José Elísio da Silva , Gomes Fabiano Leite Gomes , Schirmer de Mattos Jorge Luiz
Published: May 2024

O processo de criação de um Sistema Participativo de Garantia (SPG) no estado de Alagoas tem mobilizado uma diversidade de sujeitos nos territórios, a exemplo de agricultores familiares, assentados de reforma agrária e do crédito fundiário, indígenas, acampados e proprietários de sítios. A efetiva participação dos integrantes do sistema participativo é um dos princípios orientadores do SPG, que devido à realidade atual de crise na saúde pública ocasionado pela pandemia (COVID-19), teve de ser aprimorado por meio de tecnologias digitais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar as estratégias utilizadas para realizar uma etapa relevante do processo de criação do SPG, referente a escolha do nome que irá representar a rede de agricultores e colaboradores no âmbito do Organismo Participativo de Avaliação da Conformidade (OPAC) em nível nacional. Para enfrentar a dificuldade de acesso à internet nas comunidades rurais, bem como, o acesso restrito a aparelhos de celular e computadores, foram utilizadas três ferramentas digitais, específicas para cada etapa do processo. A metodologia foi considerada eficaz e assegurou o caráter participativo do processo de “batismo” do SPG, que passou a ser denominado de SPG Bem Viver.
O Presente e o futuro dos assentamentos rurais: dilemas e ressignificações
Authors: Botta Ferrante Vera Lucia Silveira , Aly Junior Osvaldo , Queda Oriowaldo , Barone Luiz Antonio , Carmona Duval Henrique
Published: May 2024

O artigo propõe-se a realizar um balanço da trajetória dos assentamentos rurais em São Paulo, levando-se em conta que se trata da expressão da diversidade social que permeia as distintas dinâmicas territoriais, reveladoras da relação tensa entre a utopia e a política pública, entre o projetado e o vivido. Tais experiências são compreendidas, neste artigo, ligadas às lutas pela conquista e pela manutenção da terra por parte de distintos grupos sociais marginalizados; bem como aos projetos que envolvem e dão sentido aos seus dilemas e ressignificações. Neste contexto, tem sido analisado os caminhos trilhados pelas experiências de assentamentos, nas quais são levados em conta os modos de vida, as tramas de tensões sociais derivadas do confronto dos agentes e das agências que se (dis)põem neste campo específico. Metodologicamente foram priorizadas estratégias qualitativas e consulta a bancos de dados de órgãos oficiais e representativos de movimentos sociais. O exercício de ressignificar a Reforma Agrária põe em questão, a perspectiva do incremento das liberdades instrumentais e, outro uma altíssima concentração fundiária amparada por políticas governamentais, as quais, estimulam o desenvolvimento de uma agricultura de base ecológica.
A (in)disponibilidade de assistência técnica e extensão rural no Assentamento Bonjaguá, Marcelândia, Amazônia mato-grossense
Authors: Silva Daniel Aparecido da , Gervazio Wagner , Felito Ricardo A. , Evangelista Mahal Massavi
Published: May 2024

Os programas de extensão rural são vistos como um elo entre agricultores, pescadores e outros atores em ações e estratégias para o desenvolvimento rural. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento para verificar a situação atual do serviço de assistência técnica e extensão rural (ATER) no Assentamento Bonjaguá, Marcelândia, MT.  Foi utilizado questionário estruturado com 37 perguntas abertas e fechadas. Foram entrevistados 30 agricultores familiares. Somente 33% dos agricultores familiares do Assentamento Bonjaguá recebem algum tipo de serviço de ATER e a grande maioria, 67%, não têm acesso à serviços essenciais para o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar. Para os agricultores familiares, o maior problema relacionado à assistência técnica e extensão rural se dá pela falta de investimento, resultando na ausência de serviços e ações técnicas especializadas. Novos estudos devem ser realizados para propor soluções que contribuam com a resolução dessa problemática, que permitam que os agricultores participem da identificação de soluções  aos seus problemas.
Agricultura Familiar: um estudo de caso dos aspectos sociais e de produção do Assentamento Ipê Amarelo - Wanderlândia - Tocantins – Brasil
Authors: César Marcelo Barbosa , Mendanha José Francisco , Mariano César Raissa
Published: May 2024

Este estudo procurou compreender as trajetórias e concepções próprias dos agricultores familiares do Assentamento Ipê Amarelo em Wanderlândia – TO, sobre suas experiências e práticas com a gestão de produção e as formas de interação com o mercado. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar quais são os fatores de produção e de organização social que contribuem para a produção e distribuição de alimentos, bem como, o aumento da renda dos produtores. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, com abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa e utilizou-se do instrumento entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação direta. Os resultados do estudo apontam dificuldades no processo de distribuição dos produtos devido à precariedade da via de acesso ao assentamento e a indisponibilidade de maquinários para os serviços de manutenção da via. Mesmo nesse cenário de dificuldades o estudo apresentou que a segurança alimentar, a cultura local, a organização associativa no assentamento, a qualidade dos alimentos, a forma de trabalho entre os membros do núcleo familiar e as políticas públicas para o meio rural do município resultaram na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos produtores e no aumento da renda familiar.
Quintais produtivos: expressões de resistência das mulheres assentadas em territórios de monocultura
Authors: De Menezes Freitas Gabriela , Ferrante Vera Lúcia Silveira Botta , Sossae Flávia Cristina , Filipak Alexandra
Published: May 2024

O artigo discute a participação das mulheres nos quintais produtivos de dois assentamentos da Região Central do Estado de São Paulo. São locais de resistência em meio à crescente prática da monocultura, sendo importantes na expressão da liberdade, da produção para o autoconsumo, o que pode contribuir para a Segurança Alimentar e transição agroecológica. A metodologia utilizada foi a Bola de Neve e o diário de campo. Como resultados, demonstrou-se a importância dos quintais produtivos no convívio familiar, na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos assentados, valorizando o trabalho das mulheres nas práticas de cultivo tradicionais.
Ruralidades no espaço urbano: o modo de vida rural nas práticas espaciais urbanas em Martinópolis (SP)
Authors: Batista Mendes Daiara , De Medeiros Hespanhol Rosangela Aparecida
Published: May 2024

Este artigo tem o objetivo de compreender como as práticas socioespaciais tipicamente rurais perpetuam - se no espaço urbano de Martinópolis, localizada no extremo oeste do Estado de São Paulo, dando enfoque, para a produção agrícola e para outras ruralidades encontradas no cotidiano da população citadina, que refletem na produção do espaço na referida cidade. A partir de metodologias como a aplicação de questionários, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante, notou-se que a cidade de Martinópolis carrega fortes resquícios identitários do modo de vida rural na sua conformação socioespacial urbana, seja por meio da produção de alimentos em pequenos espaços dispostos no interior da cidade, seja pela manutenção de costumes e tradições rurais no cotidiano da população urbana. Diante dessa constatação, destaca-se o papel do processo de formação desse município na permanência dessas ruralidades, uma vez que ele se encontra intrinsecamente ligado ao desenvolvimento da agropecuária, onde a concretização dessas atividades se dava nos bairros rurais locais.
Abundancia Química del Cúmulo Globular Omega Centauri (ω Cen) a Partir de GALAH
Authors: Graterol Ruiz Mariluz
Published: May 2024

Los cúmulos globulares son importantes en el campo de la astrofísica debido a que son objetos antiguos de la Vía Láctea. Para este estudio se seleccionó específicamente Omega Centauri, porque es uno de los más densos, por tanto, se dificulta hallar la composición química de todo el cúmulo. En tal sentido, el objetivo principal busca determinar la abundancia química del cúmulo globular Omega centauri (ω cen) a partir de GALAH. Para obtener los miembros del cúmulo, se aplicó el método de corrección fotométrica al catálogo GAIA EDR3, y aunado a los movimientos propios se extrajo una muestra de 229525 estrellas las cuales fueron cruzadas con los datos del catálogo GALAH y se obtuvieron espectros para 127 estrellas de 25 elementos químicos. Como resultado, al calcular las abundancias promedios, se encontró una metalicidad de [Fe/H] ~-1,46 y abundancias químicas a escala solar, superiores e inferiores a la solar. También se encontraron estrellas con gravedades superficiales y temperaturas iguales, pero con diferentes abundancias. Como conclusión, la distribución espacial de las estrellas varía según el elemento químico y su abundancia. Es posible que la diversidad química se deba a procesos de auto enriquecimiento o la agregación de grupos más pequeños con diferentes abundancias químicas.
Conferencias
Authors: Editorial Asistente
Published: May 2024

Conferencias plenarias Antelcoa9
Ponencias Álgebra
Authors: Editorial Asistente
Published: May 2024

Ponencias Álgebra Antelcoa9
Ponencias Teoría de Números
Authors: Editorial Asistente
Published: May 2024

Ponencias Teoría de Números ALTENCOA9
Ponencias Combinatoria
Authors: Editorial Asistente
Published: May 2024

Ponencias Combinatoria ALTENCOA9
Ponencias Aplicaciones
Authors: Editorial Asistente
Published: May 2024

Ponencias Aplicaciones ALTENCOA9
Posters
Authors: Editorial Asistente
Published: May 2024

Posters ALTENCOA9
التحليل الهيدرولوجي لتقدير حجم الجريان السطحي وفق تطبيق أنموذج سنایدر Snyder's لحوض وادي شم بيلان
Authors: محمـد زياد خالد , حميد دلي خلف
Published: May 2024

اعتمدت الكثير من الدراسات المهتمة بتقدير أحجام السيول ومدى خطورتها العلاقات والنماذج الرياضية نتيجة لصعوبة تقدير موجات السيول المطرية من الأحواض المائية كونها تحتاج إلى توفير معدات وأجهزة قياس حقلية فضلاً عن صعوبة قياس التصريف من خلال فترة العاصفة المطرية في ظل غياب أجهزة الرصد في أغلب تلك الأحواض.
وفي الوقت الحاضر تعددت الطرائق التي تتناول تطبيق العلاقات الرياضية لتقدير حجم الجريان السطحي وتحديد المخاطر الهيدرولوجية الناجمة عنه بهيئة هيدروكرافات مائية، نتيجة لكونها اصبحت متاحة بشكل أفضل إذ ساعدت في ذلك برامج نظم المعلومات الجغرافية والاستشعار عن بعد وبياناتها الرقمية الحديثة المرئية الفضائية ونماذج الارتفاعات الرقمية (DEM) ووحدة مخطط الهيدروكراف الذي أوجده (1932) Sherman) عبارة عن مجموعة من الاحداثيات لزمن التصريف ومستمدة مباشرة من أحواض مقاسة اما وحدة الهيدروكراف المشتقة الأحواض المائية غير المقاسة فتستخدم معادلات وعلاقات بمعاملات معرفة وذلك لتحديد التصريف عند اي نقطة في الهيدروكراف، وتمتلك هذه المعاملات المستخدمة قيمة هيدرولوجية مثل زمن الهيدروكراف للوصول لذروة التصريف وحجم السيل، ويمكن تقدير المعاملات من بيانات لأحواض مقاسة أو البيانات الطبيعية للأحواض.
الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والالغاء التدريجي لمحطة كاجنيو 1974-1976
Authors: حنش صلاح وهيب , احمد محمد يحيى
Published: May 2024

يهدف البحث الى تسليط الضوء على الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والالغاء التدريجي لمحطة كاجنيو 1974-1976, اذ بدأت الولايات المتحدة التفكير بجدية عدم الاعتماد على هذه المحطة والتي استخدمتها منذ عام 1942, وذلك لتطور وسائل الاتصالات وتحول اثيوبيا الى النظام العسكري, وتكرار الهجمات من قبل المتمردين الارتيريين الراغبين في ايقاف التعاون العسكري الامريكي الاثيوبي, ترك انطباعا لدى الادارة الامريكية على اهمية القيام بإعادة تقييم سياسة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية في اثيوبيا بما فيها مدى اهمية استخدام محطة كاجنيو.
مكافحة الجهل والعناية بالعملية التعليمية في الاندلس خلال عصري الامارة والخلافة ( 138-422ه / 755-1031م )
Authors: ابراهيم حقي اسماعيل , صالح قبس فاروق
Published: May 2024

مكافحة الجهل والعناية بالعملية التعليمية في الاندلس خلال عصري الامارة والخلافة :
أشادت جل المصادر التي أرّخت لتاريخ الأندلس أبان عصري الامارة والخلافة بإسهام الحكام الهام في رعاية الحركة العلمية وأهلها ، وشغفهم الشديد بالعلم وبثه بين افراد المجتمع كافة ، زيادة على حبهم للتعلم والاقبال عليه لمكافحة الجهل والتخلف ، وكنوع من خدمات الرعاية التي كانت الدولة الاندلسية تقدمها لمواطنيها في المجال التعليمي أخضعت السلطة خلال عصري الامارة والخلافة العملية التعليمية والمنهج الدراسي الذي كان يتم تعليمه وتدريسه للطلاب وفقًا لمراحلهم التعليمية المُتعارف عليها حينذاك الى إشرافها المباشر ورقابتها الدائمة ، كما ووضعت شروطًا محددة على كل منْ يمتهن مهنة التعليم والتدريس ، ولأهمية الموضوع هذا كونه يعد من المواضيع الحيوية التي تدور جوانبها حول الدولة والمواطن على حد سواء ، فأضحى إبراز البعد الوظيفي والخدمي والانساني للدول والحكام في الحضارة الاسلامية في وقتنا الحاضر مطلبًا مهمًا من مطالب الدراسات التاريخية.
مجاعة البطاطا ودورها في الهجرات الايرلندية الى ولاية كاليفورنيا 1845-1869
Authors: يوسف ضحى ثامر , محمود ادريس حردان
Published: May 2024

عاشت ايرلندا ظروف اقتصادية صعبة في المدة من عام 1845-1852، اذ تعطلت الحياة في جميع مفاصلها بسبب انتشار مرض فطري اصاب المحصول الرئيس فيها لا وهو البطاطا ، ذلك المحصول الذي شكل عماد اقتصادها بل لقمة العيش مرتبطة بهِ ،لذلك شاع الفقر والجوع والامراض فيها فمات الالاف منهم ثم اضطروا للهجرة الى عدة اماكن لاسيما الى الولايات المتحدة الامريكية  البلد الذي يوجد فيه الاف من اصول ايرلندية هاجروا سابقا اليها .
    هي الاخرى الولايات المتحدة الامريكية البلد الفتي ذو الاقتصاد النشط الذي يبحث عن انسا يخدمون مصالحه التي باتت تتطور يوم بعد يوم لاسيما في الغرب الامريكي حينها صادف ان كاليفورنيا اصبحت تحت الحكم الامريكي تلك الولاية الغنية بمواردها الطبيعية واراضيها الشاسعة ، اكتسبت شهرة اخرى جراء اكتشاف الذهب فيها بكميات كبيرة لذا كانت وجهة الكثير من مهاجري ايرلندا اليها للعمل في مناجم الذهب وتعويض ما خسروه في لادهم .
    من هناك انطلقت تلك الهجرات لتصيغ مع هجرات اخرى مجتمع كاليفورنيا الجديد الذي كان شعاره الثراء السريع يتحقق بالهجرة الى كاليفورنيا والسعي في حمى الذهب الى المجد الاقتصادي.
أثر فاعلية برنامج تربوي في تطوير مهارات القراءة لدى معلّمي الصّف الأوّل الابتدائي في العراق
Authors: حميد سليمان عبد الله , فوّاز جوريا
Published: May 2024

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى الكشف عن فاعلية برنامج تربوي لتطوير مهارات تدريس القراءة لدى معلّمي الصّف الأوّل الابتدائي في مادة اللغة العربية في مدارس صلاح الدين بالعراق، ومن أجل تحقيق هذا الهدف تمّ استخدام المنهج التجريبي، فقد تكونت الأدوات من استبانة احتياجات تدريبية على مهارات تدريس القراءة، وتصميم برنامج تربوي لتطوير تدريس المهارات في ضوء احتياجاتهم، وبطاقة ملاحظة مهارات تدريس القراءة للمعلمين، اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج التجريبي القائم على تصميم المجموعة الواحدة ذو (التطبيق القبلي والبعدي)، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من معلمي الصف الأول الابتدائي البالغ عددهم (32) معلماً ومعلمة، بعد الانتهاء من تطبيق البرنامج تمّ إخضاع النتائج للتحليل الإحصائي، فقد بينت النتائج وجود فروق بين متوسطي درجات المعلمين في التطبيقين القبلي والبعدي من ناحية تطور المهارات لصالح التطبيقي البعدي، مما يدل على فعالية البرنامج، ولوحظ عدم وجود فروق تُعزى إلى متغيري: المؤهل العلمي، سنوات الخبرة حول درجة فعالية البرنامج في تطوير مهارات القراءة. بناءً على نتائج الدراسة تمّ التوصل إلى مجموعة مقترحات من أهمها إجراء دراسات حول فعالية برامج لتطوير المهارات اللغوية عامة والقراءة خاصة في مراحل دراسية متقدمة، وأوصت بضرورة إخضاع معلميّ اللغة العربية إلى دورات اختصاصية في مجال طرائق التدريس الحديثة باستمرار.
المرونة التحفيزية لدى طلبة الجامعة
Authors: حميد علا رافع , جاسم خالد احمد
Published: May 2024

المرونة التحفيزية قد تؤوي الناس عند تعرضهم للضيق، لكسب حياة سعيدة والحفاظ عليها، الا انهم يحتاجون أيضًا إلى النجاح في تحقيق أهدافهم اليومية، ولاسيما في مستوى حياتهم الجامعية، ويهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على المرونة التحفيزية لدى طلبة الجامعة. تم اعتماد المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي. وتألفت عينة البحث من (400) طالب وطالبة من طلبة جامعة تكريت للعام الدراسي ( 2021/ 2022)، وقد استخدمت الباحثة الوسائل الاحصائية المناسبة لبحثها. وفي ضوء نتائج البحث صاغت الباحثة عددا من التوصيات والمقترحات.
فاعلية برنامج تعليمي قائم على المدخل البصري في تنمية التفاعل الصفي عند طلبة قسم العلوم التربوية والنفسية
Authors: حمد الجميلي زيدان خلف , حسين الجبوري فلاح صالح
Published: May 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى فاعلية برنامج تعليمي قائم على المدخل البصري في تنمية التفاعل الصفي عند طلبة قسم العلوم التربوية والنفسية. اختار الباحثان قصدياً قسم العلوم التربوية والنفسية في كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية، جامعة تكريت ليمثل مجتمع بحثه، ثم اختار المرحلة الثالثة، وبلغت عينة البحث (163) طالباً وطالبة وأجرى الباحثان تكافؤاً إحصائياً بين طلبة مجموعتي البحث في المتغيرات الآتية: (العمر الزمني للطلبة محسوباً بالشهور، ومتغير الجنس).
  أعدَّ الباحثان مقياس التفاعل الصفي مكون بصورته النهائية من (39) فقرة وقد تحقق الباحثان من صدقه وثباته، استعمل الباحثان الوسائل الإحصائية منها (الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين) وبعد تحليل النتائج إحصائياً توصل الباحثان إلى ما يأتي: هناك فروق ذوات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين متوسط درجات طلبة مجموعتي البحث في مقياس التفاعل الصفي، لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. وامتداداً للبحث واستكمالاً له، اقترح الباحثان إجراء عدد من الدراسات منها: فاعلية برنامج تعليمي قائم على المدخل البصري في اكتساب مفاهيم مادة القياس والتقويم عند طلبة العوم التربوية والنفسية في وتنمية تفكيرهم الرياضي.
الاستهواء المضاد وعلاقته بنمطي الشخصية (A – B) لدى طلبة المرحلة الإعدادية
Authors: جلال عمر أكرم
Published: May 2024

استهدف البحث الكشف عن الاستهواء المضاد ونمطي الشخصية (A-B) للصف السادس الإعدادي, التخصص(علمي ـــ أدبي) الجنس (طلاب ـــ طالبات) للسنة الدراسية (2022ــ 2023) والتعرف على دلالة الفروق الإحصائية تبعاً للمتغيرات الاتية تم اعداد اداتا للعرض اعلاه وبعد استخراج الصدق الظاهري والقوة التمييزية والثبات استقرت الاداة الأولى في صيغتها النهائية على(48)فقرة أما الاداة الثانية استقرت بصورته النهائية من (43) فقرة، استخدم في معالجة البيانات الوسائل الإحصائية الاتية, الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة, الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين, مربع كاي, ومعامل ارتباط بيرسون، وقد توصل الباحث إلى النتائج التالية:-
   ارتفاع مستوى الاستهواء المضاد لدى الطلبة, وتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في الاستهواء المضاد بين متوسطي درجات أفراد العينة تبعا لمتغير الجنس والصالح الذكور, ولا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في الاستهواء المضاد بين متوسطي درجات أفراد العينة تبعا لمتغير التخصص, وارتفاع مستوى نمط الشخصية (A) وانخفاض نمط الشخصية (B), وتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطي درجات أفراد العينة تبعا لمتغير الجنس والصالح الذكور في نمط (A) ولا توجد فروق في نمط (B), توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية نمطي الشخصية (A - B) بين متوسطي درجات أفراد العينة تبعا لمتغير التخصص, توجد علاقة ارتباطية بين الاستهواء المضاد ونمط الشخصية(A-B).
   ومن خلال النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحث قدم عدداً من التوصيات والمقترحات.
أثر استراتيجية البنتاكرام في اكتساب المفاهيم النفسية عند طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي
Authors: طه محمد فائق , حسين احسان نظير
Published: May 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى التعرف على أثر استراتيجية البنتاكرام في اكتساب المفاهيم النفسية عند  طلاب الصف  الخامس الادبي
.
ولتحقيق هدف البحث وضع الباحث الفرضيات الصفرية الآتية:
الفرضية الاولى : لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة ( 0,05 ) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا باستراتيجية البنتاكرام ومتوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا بالطريقة الاعتيادية في اختبار اكتساب المفاهيم النفسية في مادة الفلسفة وعلمالنفس      ولأجل التحقّق من صحة تلك الفرضيات أجرى الباحث تجربة استغرقت فصلاً دراسياً كاملاً للسنة الدراسية ( 2022 – 2023 ) ،  تم اختيار التصميم التجريبي (ذي الضبط الجزئي ) لمجموعتين متكافئتين الاولى تجريبية , والثانية ضابطة , واقتصر البحث على طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي في احدى المدارس التابعة للمديرية العامة لتربية صلاح الدين – قسم قضاء العلم ، إذ تم اختيار عينة البحث عن قصد والتي تمثلت بـ  (اعدادية خالد بن الوليد )  ، أختيرت الشعبة (أ) من الصف الخامس الادبي  ليمثل طلابها المجموعة التجريبية التي سيتعرض طلابها إلى المتغير المستقل وهو استراتيجية البنتاكرام عند تدريس المفاهيم النفسية في مادة علم النفس ، في حين مثل طلاب الصف الخامس الادبي شعبة ( ب ) المجموعة الضابطة التي سيدرس طلابها المادة نفسها بالطريقة الاعتيادية ، وتكونت عينة البحث من ( 55 ) طالباً ، بواقع ( 28 ) طالباً في المجموعةالتجريبية و ( 27 ) طالباً في المجموعة الضابطة ، كوفئتْ مجموعتا البحث في مجموعة من المتغيرات الآتية : ( اختبار الذكاء ، العمر الزمني للطلاب محسوباً بالأشهر، التحصيل الدراسي للوالدين ، الاختبار القبلي للتفكير التحليلي ، درجات المواد للعام السابق )، وظهر إنه لا توجد فروقذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى ( 0,05 ) للمجموعتين في هذه المتغيراتوتوصل الباحث إلى النتائج الاتية :

يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسط درجات المجموعة التجريبية التي درست على وفق استراتيجية البنتاكرام ومتوسط درجات المجموعة الضابطة التي درست بالطريقة التدريسية التقليدية في تنمية التفكير التحليلي  ، ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية
An Acoustic Analysis of Voice Onset Time in the Production of Voiceless Plosives in English and Iraqi Tikrity Arabic
Authors: Muhammed Rajaa Adil , Ali Al-Thalab Hasan Shaban
Published: May 2024

This paper is a study of voice onset time (VOT) in Iraqi Tikrity Arabic and English. The stops /t, k/ were used in initial position and were embedded in words which were presented to ten native speakers of Iraqi Tikrity Arabic and four English native speakers. Recordings were made and analyzed using computer software that generated a spectrogram for each word (prrat). The results prove that stops in Iraqi Tikrity Arabic and in English occur at the same place along the VOT. The study also found that place of articulation has a significant effect on VOT values and asserts the strong relationship between VOT values and place of articulation. Moreover vowel context has its significant effect on VOT values and asserts the strong relationship between VOT values and vowel context. Additionally, it is found that gender impact on VOT values varied from one language group to another, gender has no significant effect in the production of voiceless plosives in Iraqi Tikrity Arabic. Whereas English male speakers produce longer voice onset time than Female speakers.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Video terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Sistem Pertahanan Tubuh di SMA Negeri 13 Samarinda
Authors: Febriani Fauzan Azimah , Herliani Herliani , Akhmad Akhmad
Published: May 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran video terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar siswa. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA Negeri 13 Samarinda Kelas XI MIPA 1 dan Kelas XI MIPA 2 tahun ajaran 2022/2023, sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 70 siswa yang diperoleh melalui teknik purposive sampling. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen design dengan pretest-posttest design. Data yang diperoleh diuji normalitas dengan menggunakan Kolmogrov-Smirnov Test dan diketahui bahwa data berdistribusi normal sehingga dilanjutkan dengan uji homogenitas menggunakan Levene Statistik diketahui data bersifat homogen dan dilanjutkan uji Sampel t Test, hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa nilai Sig < 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran video terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem pertahanan tubuh.
Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) dengan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) Var. Dewata 43 F1
Authors: Sugianti Aisyah Ayu , Palenewen Evie , Rambitan Vandalita Maria Magdalena
Published: May 2024

Daun lamtoro dan daun kelor merupakan tanaman yang banyak ditemukan di sekitar masyarakat. Kedua tanaman ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan pupuk organik cair karena mengandung banyak unsur hara yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk merangsang pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan dosis yang optimal pupuk organik cair daun lamtoro dengan daun kelor terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit var. Dewata 43 F1. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah RAK dengan 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (25%), P2 (30%), P3 (35%), P4 (40%) dan P5 (45%). Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan berat buah. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji anava dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNT pada taraf signifikan 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pupuk organik cair daun lamtoro dengan daun kelor terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit var. Dewata 43 F1. Dosis yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit var. Dewata 43 F1 adalah dosis 45%. Kata Kunci: Pupuk Organik Cair, Daun Lamtoro, Daun Kelor, Cabai Rawit Var. Dewata 43 F1
Penerapan Model Role Playing Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Biologi Di SMA Negeri 5 Kota Langsa
Authors: Pohan Herlina Wati , Elfrida Elfrida , Sarjani Tri Mustika
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak penerapan Model Role Playing terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Biologi di SMA Negeri 5 Kota Langsa. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, kita bisa menerapkan model pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan materi pelajaran, yaitu Model Role Playing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi penerapan model role playing dalam meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa dan hasil belajar siswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Desain penelitian yang diterapkan adalah Pre-Experimental Design dengan bentuk One-Grup Pretest-Posttest Design. Instrumen penelitian melibatkan lembar observasi, pretest, dan posttest untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa. Data hasil belajar siswa dianalisis dengan rumus N gain dan uji paired sample t-test.. Hasil belajar siswa rata-rata 0,57 dengan kategori sedang. Hasil uji paired sample t test dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (sig < 0,05) sehingga H0 di tolak dan Ha diterima. Maka dapat disimpulkan penerapan model role playing menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keberhasilan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah mengalami pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Model Role Playing. Kata Kunci : Role Playing, Hasil Belajar, Sistem Koordinasi
Association of Oral Health and Periodontal Disease with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Uppal Bhavya , Goyal Prerna , Walia Navdeep Kaur
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

The association of orodental and cardiovascular health has been an area of extensive research for many years. As per American Heart Association hypertension 2017 guidelines, good periodontal health is associated with better systolic blood pressure control. However, there have been conflicting results for hypertension and dental correlation in a few other studies. Moreover, there are no recognized oral manifestations, seen in patients with hypertension. Indian data on this subject are scarce. Therefore, the present study was contemplated to determine the frequency and nature of oral manifestations in hypertensive patients as compared to normotensive patients.

Materials and Methods:

In this observational cross-sectional study, participants were divided into two groups. Group A included 40 hypertensive subjects and group B included 40 healthy normotensive volunteers. Oral symptoms such as dry mouth, altered taste sensation, mouth odor, and bleeding from gums were noted. An oral examination was performed to check periodontal pockets, lichenoid reactions, and gingival hyperplasia. Russell’s Periodontal Index was used to estimate gingival and periodontal health.

Results:

The mean age of patients in the hypertensive group was higher than normotensive groups (53.8 ± 11 vs. 42.45 ± 12, P = 0.001). Oral symptoms in the form of dry mouth, halitosis, and altered taste were reported in 60%, 52.5%, and 42.5% of hypertensive patients which were significantly higher as compared to the control group. Bleeding gums, lichenoid reactions, and gingival enlargement were also significantly higher in hypertensive than normotensive groups. The mean value of Russell’s index was 1.09 ± 0.41 in group A which was significantly different from group B (0.05 ± 0.10). Gingival hyperplasia and gum bleeding were predominantly found in patients on calcium channel blockers, whereas lichenoid reactions were significantly present in patients on angiotensin receptor blockers. Hyposalivation was reported with all four classes of antihypertensive drugs, predominantly diuretics.

Conclusion:

The orodental involvement in hypertensive subjects has a wide spectrum from mildly symptomatic halitosis and dryness of mouth to severe bleeding gums, lichenoid lesions, irreversible bone loss, and periodontitis that may require dental visits and interventions. The documented mucosal changes can also be attributed to antihypertensive drugs. Regular dental examinations should be made part of routine screening programs of hypertensive patients to protect them from various oral complications and subsequent inflammation-mediated changes in vasculature endothelium.
Occurrence and management of lower respiratory tract infections in children at a Nigerian tertiary hospital
Authors: Okonkwo Chioma Assumpta , Ogbo Patricia Uche , Ayeni Foluke Adenike , Akande Azeez Alao
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Infectious diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria are the major causes of child mortality, with pneumonia, a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), being the foremost of the three. Antimicrobial agents are required to treat LRTIs, such as pneumonia caused by bacteria, while those commonly caused by viruses, such as bronchiolitis, do not benefit from antimicrobial therapy unless laboratory tests indicate otherwise. When not shown, empirical management of patients using antimicrobials remains a risk factor for antimicrobial resistance in the management of LRTIs. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of LRTIs in children who presented with acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and evaluate their management in comparison with the guidelines.

Material and Methods

The study was a descriptive retrospective review of prescribing records for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) presented at the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AE-FUTHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Data were collected through systematic sampling of the case folders of children aged five years and below who presented with RTIs from January to December 2021, using a data collection proforma. Collected data were cleaned and coded, and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 28 was used for analysis.

Results

There were 422 case folders containing diagnoses of RTIs. Of these, 36 (8.5%) were diagnosed with LRTIs and 28 (6.6%) had no comorbidity. Of the 28 cases without comorbidities, pneumonia (20;71.4%) and bronchiolitis (8;28.6%) were the only two LRTIs. Antibiotics were the most prescribed medications, followed by vitamins (8;28.6%) and antihistamines (7;25.0%). There were seven types and three combinations of antibiotic medications, the most being cefuroxime (10;35.7%) followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (7; 25.0%). One case of pneumonia did not receive an antibiotic. Laboratory investigations were not conducted for the majority (25;89.3%) of the cases presented.

Conclusion

This study showed that the LRTIs presented were mostly managed using the recommended antibiotics for pneumonia. Antibiotics for bronchiolitis without confirmation by laboratory tests may not have been justified as most of them are of viral origin. Deviations from guidelines may be reduced if national protocols are developed in managing LRTIs.
Accuracy of screening for hemolysis in plasma samples using a commercial urine dipstick
Authors: Pighi Laura , Nitto Simone De , Henry Brandon , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

Objectives:

Identification and quantification of hemolysis in serum or plasma samples is an important requirement in laboratory diagnostics; however, this is not always possible automatically, and visual sample inspection is not sufficiently accurate. We have planned this study to determine whether a commercially available urine dipstick with a hemoglobin-reactive pad could be used for this purpose.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty-five routine plasma samples, whose hemolysis index (HI) was previously determined on Roche Cobas 8000, were assayed with a commercial urine dipstick to obtain semi-quantitative data on plasma hemoglobin. Plasma was diluted 1:1000 in water to enter the dipstick’s range of hemoglobin measurement, and 10 µL of this dilution was applied to the hemoglobin pad. Results were visually interpreted within 60 s by comparing the pad color with that on the dipstick box label.

Statistical Analysis:

Semi-quantitative test results obtained with the urine dipstick were directly correlated with those of the same samples assayed on Roche Cobas 8000 using non-parametric Spearman’s correlation and agreement.

Results:

The sample size consisted of 40 non-hemolyzed (HI ≤0.3 g/L) and 25 hemolyzed (HI >0.3 g/L) plasma samples. Spearman’s correlation between Cobas HI and dipstick hemoglobin concentration was r = 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.93–0.97; P < 0.001). The concordance of hemolysis detection was 95.4%, with 1.00 sensitivity, 0.93 specificity, 1.00 negative predictive value, and 0.89 positive predictive value compared to the reference HI measurement on Cobas. The cumulative agreement between Cobas HI and the various plasma hemoglobin thresholds obtained with the dipstick was 75.4%.

Conclusions:

We have demonstrated here that plasma hemoglobin assessment with commercially available urine dipsticks may generate semi-quantitative test results accurate enough to influence decision-making regarding sample quality and its suitability for testing.
Türkiye’s and the EU’s Coordinated and Divergent Approaches to the 2011 Syrian Crisis
Authors: Avar Yusuf
Published: May 2024

The Syrian crisis has prompted immediate reactions from the EU and a few other countries, including the US, Russia, and Türkiye, as well as some of their proxies. This research purposefully limits itself to examining Türkiye’s and the EU’s reactions to the Syrian civil war. According to the study’s results Türkiye and the EU have differences and similarities in six key policy areas: (1) Assad’s oppressive actions against its people drew criticism from Türkiye and the EU. (2) Türkiye and the EU have suffered as a result of the ISIS danger resulting from the Syrian civil conflict. (3) Türkiye and the EU both have humanitarian concerns and have made an effort to assist Syrian refugees. (4) Türkiye has engaged in two military operations in northern Syria in opposition to the YPG. The EU denounced these military maneuvers by Türkiye. (5) The EU and Türkiye have had discussions over the issue of foreign fighters. The EU criticized Türkiye as it failed to secure its borders, and as a result, foreign fighters utilized the country as a transit between Syria and European nations. (6) Despite opposition from the EU, Türkiye has insisted on creating a “safe zone” in Syria for Syrian refugees.
THE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON CONSUMER PROTECTION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED FOOD PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rusli Tami , A Tandaditrya Ariefandra , Jainah Zainab Ompu
Published: May 2024

The development of science and technology has triggered the use of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the transplantation of genes into other genes, both between genes and across genes, to produce valuable products for living creatures. Genetically engineered food products, due to the development of modern biotechnology in the field of genetic engineering technology, have given rise to new legal problems because of the possibility of posing a risk to human health. This research uses a normative juridical approach with an emphasis on secondary data. This research uses doctrinal research methods. The research specifications used are analytical descriptive. The research results show that there is no special legal protection for consumers of genetically engineered food products, because it still refers to consumer protection contained in the UUPK. It should be noted that genetic effects resulting from human genetic engineering need legal protection. Protection and intellectual property rights, where everyone, individually or collectively, must be a consumer of goods and services, so the parties need equal legal protection. Therefore, the responsibility of producers of genetically engineered food products for consumer losses must be able to fulfill the principle of justice because the economic position of producers is higher than that of consumers. By implementing the principle of absolute responsibility, the producer responsibility law will foster an attitude of caution for producers of genetically engineered food products to maintain the quality of their products.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF MARRIAGES BETWEEN EMPLOYEES OF ONE COMPANY BASED ON CONSTITUTIONAL COURT RULING NO. 13/PUUXV/2017 AND LAW NUMBER 13 OF 2003
Authors: Mofea Sukhebi
Published: May 2024

In managing its employees, every company has several policies, such as regulating employees who cannot marry within the same company for reasons of reducing conflict, subjectivity, corruption and nepotism. This writing aims to find out and analyze the legal protection of marriage between workers in a company which is analyzed using legal studies. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach and uses a library method that is analyzed juridically. The results of the research are a form of legal protection for husband and wife who work in the same company and legal protection for workers or laborers, namely protection of the right to terminate employment relations, workers/laborers have the right to receive compensation from the employer in the event of layoffs, compensation consisting of severance pay, money long service awards and compensation money for workers' rights.
AN IMPLICATIONS OF THE DEBTOR'S DEFAULT ON THE EXECUTION OF TWO-WHEEL MOTORCYCLES WITHOUT A FIDUCIARY GUARANTEE CERTIFICATE
Authors: Sanusi Sanusi , Nuridin Nuridin
Published: May 2024

This research aims to explain to the public regarding fiduciary issues as well as the consequences that the finance company will receive if it assigns a debt collector forcibly withdrawing two-wheeled motorized vehicles without a fiduciary guarantee deed. This paper uses normative legal research with a statutory regulatory approach (Statuta Opproach). The results of this research show that the execution of the fiduciary guarantee object cannot be carried out whether they have a fiduciary guarantee deed or not, except based on the debtor's voluntariness or based on a court decision which says that the debtor is in default, This is based on the decision of the Constitutional Court which said the sound of article 15 paragraph (2) of Law No. 42 of 1999 is unconstitutional.
THE LEGAL EFFECTIVENESS OF LAND REDISTRIBUTION IMPLEMENTATION EX-CULTIVATION RIGHTS TITLE IN SEMPU, BABADAN AND SUGIHWARAS VILLAGES KEDIRI, EAST JAVA
Authors: Nurbaedah Nurbaedah
Published: May 2024

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of land redistribution ex-Cultivation Rights Title as well as analyze its obstacles and solutions in Sempu, Babadan, and Sugihwaras Villages, Kediri, East Java. This study used empirical research methods with primary data as the main data. This research data uses primary data, namely interviews and secondary data which include laws, regulations on agrarian affairs, books and journals that study agrarian reform. The results of this study explain that the priority of implementing agrarian reform for ex-Cultivation Rights Title land that has expired its Cultivation Rights Title and within 1 year has not applied for a permit extension. The implementation of land redistribution in Sempu, Babadan and Sugihwaras Village, Kediri, East Java approximately 1,766 fields of former Cultivation Rights Title of PT Sumber Sari Petung has been 100% completed. The utilization of this former Cultivation Rights Title land is still used as agricultural land. The implementation of land redistribution of ex-Cultivation Rights Title to Use Enterprises in these three villages legal effectiveness has been achieved because redistribution can resolve agrarian conflicts. The obstacles encountered in land redistribution are limited human resources and limited time to complete land redistribution. The significance of this research lies in the importance of public and private sector participation in supporting the implementation of land redistribution, so that it can optimally realize agrarian reform.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF KALOSARA CUSTOM IN MEDIATING MEDICAL DISPUTES
Authors: Akib Ma'ruf , Ichlas Rudy Iskandar
Published: May 2024

This study aims to determine and analyze the constitutionality of Kalosara custom in mediating disputes between doctors and patients in Konawe Regency. The method in this research uses a sociological juridical approach. The results of this study are The role of the Kalosara as customary law has a broad scope as a legal sub-system in society, as the Kalosara is known to prioritize unity and peace through mediation by means of deliberation and consensus. The Sara Medulu procession carried out by doctors from Konawe Hospital came to the victim with the intermediary of a Tolea as a form of seriousness to settle by custom. Customary settlement with a family atmosphere makes both parties feel defeated by each other. This condition is far more beneficial than legal settlement through the litigation process where there are parties who are won and defeated.