bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Transition and Losses in Compressor Cascades Using Large-Eddy Simulation
Authors: Medic Gorazd , Zhang Vicky , Wang Guolei , Joo Jongwook , Sharma Om P.
Published: May 2016

In the 1950s, NACA conducted a series of low-speed cascade experiments investigating the performance of NACA 65-series compressor cascades with tests covering multiple airfoils of varying camber and with variations in solidity and air inlet angle. Most of the configurations show transition via laminar separation—both on suction and pressure side—characterized by a relatively flat region in pressure distribution, while turbulent reattachment is characterized by a rapid pressure recovery just downstream of the separated region. In the current study, wall-resolved large-eddy simulation (LES) has been used to predict transition via laminar separation in such compressor configurations as well as the resulting airfoil losses. Six different cascades with local diffusion factor varying from 0.14 to 0.56 (NACA 65-010, 65-410, 65-(12)10, 65-(15)10, 65-(18)10, and 65-(21)10 cascades) were analyzed at design conditions. In addition, the loss bucket for various angles of attack off-design conditions has been computed for the NACA 65-(18)10 cascade. Chord-based Reynolds number for all the experiments considered here was held at 250,000. This allows sufficient grid resolution in these LES analyses at an acceptable computational cost, i.e., up to 20,000 CPU hours per case. Detailed comparisons to test data are presented in the form of surface pressure coefficient, drag coefficient, losses, and momentum thickness ratio. The results show that LES is capable of capturing transition via laminar separation relatively well for most of the cases, and consequently, may constitute a predictive tool for assessing losses of different compressor airfoils.
XPS depth profiling of an ultrathin bioorganic film with an argon gas cluster ion beam
Authors: Dietrich Paul M. , Nietzold Carolin , Weise Matthias , Unger Wolfgang E. S. , Alnabulsi Saad , Moulder John
Published: May 2016

The growing interest in artificial bioorganic interfaces as a platform for applications in emerging areas as personalized medicine, clinical diagnostics, biosensing, biofilms, prevention of biofouling, and other fields of bioengineering is the origin of a need for in detail multitechnique characterizations of such layers and interfaces. The in-depth analysis of biointerfaces is of special interest as the properties of functional bioorganic coatings can be dramatically affected by in-depth variations of composition. In worst cases, the functionality of a device produced using such coatings can be substantially reduced or even fully lost.
In situ metrology to characterize water vapor delivery during atomic layer deposition
Authors: Ahmido Tariq , Kimes William A. , Sperling Brent A. , Hodges Joseph T. , Maslar James E.
Published: May 2016

Water is often employed as the oxygen source in metal oxide atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes. It has been reported that variations in the amount of water delivered during metal oxide ALD can impact the oxide film properties. Hence, one contribution to optimizing metal oxide ALD processes would be to identify methods to better control water dose. The development of rapid, quantitative techniques for in situ water vapor measurements during ALD processes would be beneficial to achieve this goal. In this report, the performance of an in situ tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) scheme for performing rapid, quantitative water partial pressure measurements in a representative quarter-inch ALD delivery line is described. This implementation of TDLAS, which utilizes a near-infrared distributed-feedback diode laser and wavelength modulation spectroscopy, provides measurements of water partial pressure on a timescale comparable to or shorter than the timescale of the gas dynamics in typical ALD systems. Depending on the degree of signal averaging, this TDLAS system was capable of measuring the water partial pressure with a detection limit in the range of ∼0.80 to ∼0.08 Pa. The utility of this TDLAS scheme was demonstrated by using it to identify characteristics of a representative water delivery system that otherwise would have been difficult to predict. Those characteristics include (1) the magnitude and time dependence of the pressure transient that can occur during water injection, and (2) the dependence of the steady-state water partial pressure on the carrier gas flow rate and the setting of the water ampoule flow restriction.
Resonant cavity germanium photodetector via stacked single-crystalline nanomembranes
Authors: Cho Minkyu , Seo Jung-Hun , Kim Munho , Lee Jaeseong , Liu Dong , Zhou Weidong , Yu Zongfu , Ma Zhenqiang
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the authors report resonant cavity (RC) metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) germanium nanomembrane (Ge NM) photodetectors via transfer printing. The dislocation-free Ge NM layer was transferred onto an ultrathin Si NM/SiO2 distributed Bragg reflector. As a result, a low dark current density of 1 × 10−9 A/μm2 and a quantum efficiency of 17.3% at 1.55 μm, which is twice larger than the quantum efficiency without a bottom mirror, were measured from the transferred RC MSM Ge photodetector. The enhancement of the quantum efficiency is verified by simulation.
Multi-Ligamentous Knee Injury in Sports Involving Concomitant Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Patellar Tendon Disruption: A Review of Case Reports
Authors: Malvasi Steven , Gloyeske Brian , Johnson Matthew , Miller Timothy
Published: May 2016

Background:

Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most common orthopedic injuries in the United States, while injury to the patellar tendon (PT) is less common. A combined rupture to the ACL and PT is consequentially uncommon and increases the difficulty of a correct initial diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to critically appraise the current peer-reviewed literature regarding multi-ligamentous knee injuries (MLKI) in sport.

Methods:

A systematic review was undertaken to identify all relevant peer-reviewed articles regarding MLKI from March 1980 to January 2015. All articles pertaining to simultaneous rupture of the ACL and PT were included for review.

Results:

A total of 27 cases presented in 15 articles were used. Findings suggest that the combination of a palpable gap over the PT, a positive Lachman test, inability to complete terminal knee extension, and a superior position of the patella are clinical examination markers for a possible MLKI involving the ACL and PT.

Conclusion:

Simultaneous rupture to the ACL and PT is incredibly rare within the sport population, making diagnosis and treatment of such injury challenging. A thorough examination of the extensor mechanism of the knee is important in making the proper diagnosis.
Rehabilitation Following a Traumatic Dislocation of the Talus: A Case Study
Authors: Ranalli Kelly Copperthite
Published: May 2016

Total talar dislocations without associated fractures are extremely rare traumatic events that are described sparingly in research and are currently without a standardized treatment protocol. This report highlights rehabilitation for this injury following a fall from a great height with eventual return to prior level of function and with minimal complications.
Strategies for Facilitating Ongoing Communication Between Clinical Education Coordinators and Preceptors
Authors: Nottingham Sara
Published: May 2016

Communication between athletic training programs and preceptors is not only an accreditation requirement, but also a mechanism to foster effective clinical education experiences. Communicating regularly with preceptors can provide them with feedback and help demonstrate their value to the athletic training program. Improved communication between academic and clinical education has been identified as a need in athletic training. Ongoing communication can be facilitated in a variety of formal and informal ways, including preceptor newsletters, site visits, questionnaires, meetings, and phone calls. Clinical education coordinators should select methods of communication that meet the needs of their program and preceptors.
Landing Technique Improvements After an Aquatic-Based Neuromuscular Training Program in Physically Active Women
Authors: Scarneo Samantha E. , Root Hayley J. , Martinez Jessica C. , Denegar Craig , Casa Douglas J. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Dann Catie L. , Aerni Giselle A. , DiStefano Lindsay J.
Published: May 2016

Context:

Neuromuscular training programs (NTPs) improve landing technique and decrease vertical ground-reaction forces (VGRFs), resulting in injury-risk reduction. NTPs in an aquatic environment may elicit the same improvements as land-based programs with reduced joint stress.

Objective:

To examine the effects of an aquatic NTP on landing technique as measured by the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) and VGRFs, immediately and 4 mo after the intervention.

Design and Setting:

Repeated measures, pool and laboratory.

Participants:

Fifteen healthy, recreationally active women (age 21 ± 2 y, mass 62.02 ± 8.18 kg, height 164.74 ± 5.97 cm) who demonstrated poor landing technique (LESS-Real Time > 4).

Interventions:

All participants completed an aquatic NTP 3 times/wk for 6 wk.

Main Outcome Measures:

Participants’ landing technique was evaluated using a jump-landing task immediately before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 4 mo after (RET) the intervention period. A single rater, blinded to time point, graded all videos using the LESS, which is a valid and reliable movement-screening tool. Peak VGRFs were measured during the stance phase of the jump-landing test. Repeated-measure analyses of variance with planned comparisons were performed to explore differences between time points.

Results:

LESS scores were lower at POST (4.46 ± 1.69 errors) and at RET (4.2 ± 1.72 errors) than at PRE (6.30 ± 1.78 errors) (P < .01). No significant differences were observed between POST and RET (P > .05). Participants also landed with significantly lower peak VGRFs (P < .01) from PRE (2.69 ± .72 N) to POST (2.23 ± .66 N).

Conclusions:

The findings introduce evidence that an aquatic NTP improves landing technique and suggest that improvements are retained over time. These results show promise of using an aquatic NTP when there is a desire to reduce joint loading, such as early stages of rehabilitation, to improve biomechanics and reduce injury risk.
The Effects of Local Vibration on Balance, Power, and Self-Reported Pain After Exercise
Authors: Custer Lisa , Peer Kimberly S. , Miller Lauren
Published: May 2016

Context:

Muscle fatigue and acute muscle soreness occur after exercise. Application of a local vibration intervention may reduce the consequences of fatigue and soreness.

Objective:

To examine the effects of a local vibration intervention after a bout of exercise on balance, power, and self-reported pain.

Design:

Single-blind crossover study.

Setting:

Laboratory.

Participants:

19 healthy, moderately active subjects.

Interventions:

After a 30-min bout of full-body exercise, subjects received either an active or a sham vibration intervention. The active vibration intervention was performed bilaterally over the muscle bellies of the triceps surae, quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteals. At least 1 wk later, subjects repeated the bout, receiving the other vibration intervention.

Main Outcome Measures:

Static balance, dynamic balance, power, and self-reported pain were measured at baseline, after the vibration intervention, and 24 h postexercise.

Results:

After the bout of exercise, subjects had reduced static and dynamic balance and increased self-reported pain regardless of vibration intervention. There were no differences between outcome measures between the active and sham vibration conditions.

Conclusions:

The local vibration intervention did not affect balance, power, or self-reported pain.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Diagnostic Tests for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Hixson Krista M. , Horris Hannah B. , McLeod Tamara C. Valovich , Bacon Cailee E. Welch
Published: May 2016

Clinical Scenario:

Thoracic outlet syndrome is quite challenging to diagnose. Currently, there are myriad diagnostic procedures used in the diagnosis of all types of thoracic outlet syndrome. However, controversy exists over which diagnostic procedures produce accurate findings.

Clinical Question:

Can clinical diagnostic tests accurately diagnose patients presenting with symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome?

Summary of Key Findings:

A thorough literature search returned 6 possible studies; 3 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Two studies supported the use of clinical diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. One study reported high false-positive rates among clinical diagnostic tests for thoracic outlet syndrome. One study reported that clinical diagnostic test findings correlate to provocative positioned magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Clinical Bottom Line:

There is moderate evidence to support the use of the Halstead maneuver (also known as the costoclavicular maneuver or exaggerated military brace test), Wright’s test, Cyriax Release test, and supraclavicular pressure test to have good diagnostic accuracy for the provocation of symptoms in patients presenting with upper extremity pathology. However, these clinical diagnostic tests do not appear to allow for the differential diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome exclusively. The use of the Adson’s test and Roos test should be discontinued for the differential diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome.

Strength of Recommendation:

Grade B evidence exists to support the accuracy of the Halstead maneuver, Wright’s test, Cyriax Release test, and supraclavicular pressure test for the diagnosis of upper extremity pathology in general. Grade C evidence exists for the use of these clinical diagnostic tests to exclusively diagnose thoracic outlet syndrome.
Exercise and Pediatric Brain Development: A Call to Action
Authors: Segalowitz Sidney J.
Published: May 2016

Exercise has long been reputed to have beneficial effects on cognitive processes and emotional stability, with obvious applications to lifespan developmental issues in mental health. Over the last 20 years, animal studies have provided potential mechanisms for this link in neurophysiological terms. Only a very small number of studies have applied this model to well-controlled child and adolescent studies of psychological development, with such studies necessarily requiring collaboration across the fields of exercise science and developmental psychology. In this paper, I outline why the field is now well positioned to increase this effort. Core to this argument is an outline of historical reasons for a (somewhat still active) resistance to this integrative perspective within developmental psychology and a brief synopsis of the countering evidence, followed by a summary of how advances in electrophysiology now make such studies highly accessible and reasonable in terms of cost and convenience.
Female NCAA Division I Athletic Directors: Experiences and Challenges
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth A. , Hardin Robin
Published: May 2016

This study examined the experiences and challenges of 10 female Division I athletic directors. Four themes emerged from the interviews: (a) lack of female role models; (b) females are not qualified to manage football programs; (c) scrutiny about (lack of) ability and experience, and (d) benefits of intercollegiate coaching experience. The findings of this study suggest these are the central causes for females’ inability to reach maximum career mobility in the intercollegiate athletics industry. Participants encouraged women trying to enter the intercollegiate athletics industry to find a mentor who can advocate for them as they navigate through their career. In addition, participants encouraged those entering the industry to gain experience in as many facets of the athletic department as possible.
Further Reliability and Validity of the Heterosexist Attitudes in Sport—Lesbian Scale
Authors: Mullin Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2016

Homophobia and heterosexism in women’s collegiate athletics has been predominantly researched using qualitatively methodology (e.g., Blinde & Taub, 1992; Kauer & Krane, 2006; Krane 1996, 1997; Krane & Barber, 2003). Few researchers have examined the heterosexist attitudes from a quantitative perspective and few with a sport—specific questionnaire. The researcher examined whether on-going evidence of reliability and validity for the Heterosexist Attitudes in Sport—Lesbian scale (Mullin, 2013) questionnaire would be demonstrated. Female collegiate athletes (N = 239) from the mid-Atlantic region completed the HAS-L as well as a battery of questionnaires. Approximately 4 weeks later, participants completed the HAS-L again. The HAS-L was significantly related with the Attitudes toward Lesbians subscale of the Attitudes toward Lesbians and Gay Males—Short scale (Herek & McLemore, 2011) and other identified correlates of heterosexism, suggesting evidence of some criterion-related and convergent validity. Internal consistency and test-retest estimates ranged from .50–85 and .64–.91, respectively. The findings demonstrate good evidence of reliability and validity for the Cognitive/Affective subscale of the HAS-L. More research is necessary to better examine the behavioral subscales. Future researchers should consider making revisions of the Avoidance of the Lesbian Label subscale to achieve acceptable levels of reliability and validity.
The Rhoptry Pseudokinase ROP54 Modulates Toxoplasma gondii Virulence and Host GBP2 Loading
Authors: Kim Elliot W. , Nadipuram Santhosh M. , Tetlow Ashley L. , Barshop William D. , Liu Philip T. , Wohlschlegel James A. , Bradley Peter J.
Published: May 2016

The interactions between intracellular microbes and their host cells can lead to the discovery of novel drug targets. During
Toxoplasma
infections, host cells express an array of immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) and guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) that load onto the parasite-containing vacuole to clear the parasite. To counter this mechanism, the parasite secretes effector proteins that traffic to the vacuole to disarm the immunity-related loading proteins and evade the immune response. While the interplay between host IRGs and
Toxoplasma
effector proteins is well understood, little is known about how
Toxoplasma
neutralizes the GBP response. We describe here a
T. gondii
pseudokinase effector, ROP54, that localizes to the vacuole upon invasion and is critical for parasite virulence.
Toxoplasma
vacuoles lacking ROP54 display an increased loading of the host immune factor GBP2, but not IRGb6, indicating that ROP54 plays a distinct role in immune evasion.
Novel flow injection spectrophotometric determination of ranitidine in pharmaceuticals
Authors: Vicentini Fernando Campanhã , Janegitz Bruno C. , Bonifácio Viviane G. , Fatibello-Filho Orlando , Marcolino-Júnior Luiz H.
Published: May 2016

A novel flow injection spectrophotometric determination of ranitidine in pharmaceuticals is reported. The method is based on a compound formed in a reaction using ranitidine with and potassium permanganate in neutral media, which can be monitored at 430 nm. Under optimal conditions, an analytical curve was constructed, which was linear in the range between 5.0 × 10−5 and 1.0 × 10−3 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10−5 mol L−1. In addition, the sample throughput was 60 h−1 and the obtained results for commercial formulation samples by applying the proposed method were in good agreement with labeled values and those obtained by a reference method at a 95% confidence level.
Male recombination in Brazilian populations ofDrosophila ananassae
Authors: Goñi Beatriz , Matsuda Muneo , Tobari Yoshiko N.
Published: May 2016

With few exceptions, spontaneous crossing over does not normally occur in male Drosophila. Drosophila ananassae males show considerable amounts of crossing over. In wild males of D. ananassae from Asian (2008) and Brazilian populations (1986 and 2007) variable frequencies of meiotic crossing over, estimated from chiasmata counts, suggested the existence of factors controlling male crossing over in these populations. To corroborate for such prediction, we present data on spontaneous recombination in F1males of D. ananassae heterozygous for chromosomes of the same Brazilian populations (1986) and marker chromosomes using three testers stocks. Mean recombination value was low, although high variability existed between individual frequencies. Recombination frequencies between lines in each tester stock were not significantly different, excepting when the 3ple-px and 3ple-cy testers were compared (p < 0.05). These two testers differ in respect to the regional distribution of crossovers. The occurrence of recombination in chromosomes 2 and 3 in F1males tested with e65se; bri ru was not related, suggesting they are under independent genetic control. Our data are consistent with proposed genetic factors controlling male crossing over in the tester stocks and to the presence of enhancers and suppressors of male crossing over segregating in the Brazilian populations (1986).
SWANS
Authors: Wang Wei , Xie Tao , Sharma Abhinav
Published: May 2016

NAND flash memory–based solid state disks (SSDs) have been widely used in enterprise servers. However, flash memory has limited write endurance, as a block becomes unreliable after a finite number of program/erase cycles. Existing wear-leveling techniques are essentially intradisk data distribution schemes, as they can only even wear out across the flash medium within a single SSD. When multiple SSDs are organized in an array manner in server applications, an interdisk wear-leveling technique, which can ensure a uniform wear-out distribution across SSDs, is much needed. In this article, we propose a novel SSD-array level wear-leveling strategy called SWANS (
S
moothing
W
ear
A
cross
N
S
SDs) for an SSD array structured in a RAID-0 format, which is frequently used in server applications. SWANS dynamically monitors and balances write distributions across SSDs in an intelligent way. Further, to evaluate its effectiveness, we build an SSD array simulator on top of a validated single SSD simulator. Next, SWANS is implemented in its array controller. Comprehensive experiments with real-world traces show that SWANS decreases the standard deviation of writes across SSDs on average by 16.7x. The gap in the total bytes written between the most written SSD and the least written SSD in an 8-SSD array shrinks at least 1.3x.
A Practical Approach for Model Checking C/C++11 Code
Authors: Norris Brian , Demsky Brian
Published: May 2016

Writing low-level concurrent software has traditionally required intimate knowledge of the entire toolchain and often has involved coding in assembly. New language standards have extended C and C++ with support for low-level atomic operations and a weak memory model, enabling developers to write portable and efficient multithreaded code.

In this article, we present CDSC
hecker
, a tool for exhaustively exploring the behaviors of concurrent code under the C/C++ memory model. We have used CDSC
hecker
to exhaustively unit test concurrent data structure implementations and have discovered errors in a published implementation of a work-stealing queue and a single producer, single consumer queue.
Search and Breast Cancer
Authors: Paul Michael J. , White Ryen W. , Horvitz Eric
Published: May 2016

We seek to understand the evolving needs of people who are faced with a life-changing medical diagnosis based on analyses of queries extracted from an anonymized search query log. Focusing on breast cancer, we manually tag a set of Web searchers as showing patterns of search behavior consistent with someone grappling with the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer. We build and apply probabilistic classifiers to detect these searchers from multiple sessions and to identify the timing of diagnosis using temporal and statistical features. We explore the changes in information seeking over time before and after an inferred diagnosis of breast cancer by aligning multiple searchers by the estimated time of diagnosis. We employ the classifier to automatically identify 1,700 candidate searchers with an estimated 90% precision, and we predict the day of diagnosis within 15 days with an 88% accuracy. We show that the geographic and demographic attributes of searchers identified with high probability are strongly correlated with ground truth of reported incidence rates. We then analyze the content of queries over time for inferred cancer patients, using a detailed ontology of cancer-related search terms. The analysis reveals the rich temporal structure of the evolving queries of people likely diagnosed with breast cancer. Finally, we focus on subtypes of illness based on inferred stages of cancer and show clinically relevant dynamics of information seeking based on the dominant stage expressed by searchers.
Type Inference on Executables
Authors: Caballero Juan , Lin Zhiqiang
Published: May 2016

In many applications, source code and debugging symbols of a target program are not available, and the only thing that we can access is the program executable. A fundamental challenge with executables is that, during compilation, critical information such as variables and types is lost. Given that typed variables provide fundamental semantics of a program, for the last 16 years, a large amount of research has been carried out on binary code type inference, a challenging task that aims to infer typed variables from executables (also referred to as binary code). In this article, we systematize the area of binary code type inference according to its most important dimensions: the applications that motivate its importance, the approaches used, the types that those approaches infer, the implementation of those approaches, and how the inference results are evaluated. We also discuss limitations, underdeveloped problems and open challenges, and propose further applications.
A Survey and Analysis of the GNSS Spoofing Threat and Countermeasures
Authors: Schmidt Desmond , Radke Kenneth , Camtepe Seyit , Foo Ernest , Ren Michał
Published: May 2016

Detection and prevention of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) “spoofing” attacks, or the broadcast of false global navigation satellite system services, has recently attracted much research interest. This survey aims to fill three gaps in the literature: first, to assess in detail the exact nature of threat scenarios posed by spoofing against the most commonly cited targets; second, to investigate the many practical impediments, often underplayed, to carrying out GNSS spoofing attacks in the field; and third, to survey and assess the effectiveness of a wide range of proposed defences against GNSS spoofing. Our conclusion lists promising areas of future research.
Prolonged Pulmonary Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles Exacerbates Renal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and DNA Damage in Mice with Adenine-Induced Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Nemmar Abderrahim , Karaca Turan , Beegam Sumaya , Yuvaraju Priya , Yasin Javed , Hamadi Naserddine Kamel , Ali Badreldin H.
Published: May 2016

Background/Aims: Epidemiological evidence indicates that patients with chronic kidney diseases have increased susceptibility to adverse outcomes related to long-term exposure to particulate air pollution. However, mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. Methods: Presently, we assessed the effect of prolonged exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on chronic renal failure induced by adenine (0.25% w/w in feed for 4 weeks), which is known to involve inflammation and oxidative stress. DEP (0.5m/kg) was intratracheally (i.t.) instilled every 4th day for 4 weeks (7 i.t. instillation). Four days following the last exposure to either DEP or saline (control), various renal endpoints were measured. Results: While body weight was decreased, kidney weight increased in DEP+adenine versus saline+adenine or DEP. Water intake, urine volume, relative kidney weight were significantly increased in adenine+DEP versus DEP and adenine+saline versus saline. Plasma creatinine and urea increased and creatinine clearance decreased in adenine+DEP versus DEP and adenine+saline versus saline. Tumor necrosis factor α, lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species were significantly increased in adenine+DEP compared with either DEP or adenine+saline. The antioxidant calase was significantly decreased in adenine+DEP compared with either adenine+saline or DEP. Notably, renal DNA damage was significantly potentiated in adenine+DEP compared with either adenine+saline or DEP. Similarly, systolic blood pressure was increased in adenine+DEP versus adenine+saline or DEP, and in DEP versus saline. Histological evaluation revealed more collagen deposition, higher number of necrotic cell counts and dilated tubules, cast formation and collapsing glomeruli in adenine+DEP versus adenine+saline or DEP. Conclusion: Prolonged pulmonary exposure to diesel exhaust particles worsen renal oxidative stress, inflammation and DNA damage in mice with adenine-induced chronic renal failure. Our data provide biological plausibility that air pollution aggravates chronic renal failure.
Influence of Folic Acid on Neural Connectivity during Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurogenesis
Authors: Wiens Darrell , DeWitt Alexandra , Kosar Morgan , Underriner Celeste , Finsand Maren , Freese Mikayla
Published: May 2016

The vitamin folic acid (FA) is essential for DNA synthesis, repair and methylation, and for methionine synthesis. Although it is necessary for neural development, recent studies suggest a possible link between excess maternal supplemental FA intake and adverse interferences with single-carbon metabolism and neural development. Insufficient FA early in brain development can lead to failure of the neural tube closure, but the consequences of too much intake have not been fully investigated. Plasma FA concentrations can increase greatly with dietary supplementation. To model the development of neural connectivity, we cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) taken from 8-day-old chick embryos in a range of pteroylmonoglutamate (PteGlu, synthetic supplemental FA) concentrations. DRGs were cultured for 36 h, fixed and immunostained to reveal the locations of neural networks with synaptic vesicles. We found a concentration-dependent relationship with significant reduction in neurite length in PteGlu concentrations from 0.25 to 20 μM. The average total of stained synaptic areas surrounding each cultured DRG was significantly reduced as well. To further characterize the effects, we carried out time-lapse imaging of growth cones at terminals of extending neurites. We found that PteGlu reduced the area-changing activity of the growth cone, hindering its exploratory capabilities, along with a tendency to inhibit overall advancement, thus altering the ability to extend and form synapses. Our results show that PteGlu at 250 nM and higher reduces neurite extension and synapse formation in a dose-dependent manner during neurogenesis, and that its effect is mediated through inhibition of growth cone motility.
Clinical Evaluation of Hepatic Portal Venous Gas after Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Okada Satomi , Azuma Takashi , Kawashita Yujo , Matsuo Shigetoshi , Eguchi Susumu
Published: May 2016

Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is induced by various abdominal diseases. Since HPVG is accompanied by bowel ischemia, intestinal infection and hypovolemia, various modes of critical management are needed to treat the underlying conditions. HPVG associated with abdominal complications after surgery has rarely been reported. We present 4 patients with HPVG after abdominal surgery: 2 of the 4 patients died of multiple organ failure, and the other 2 recovered with solely conservative therapy. Although postoperative HPVG is a severe and life-threatening condition, early detection and systemic treatment lead to a better patient outcome.
Expanding Instrumental Options for Dysphagia Diagnosis and Research: Ultrasound and Manometry
Authors: Huckabee Maggie-Lee , Macrae Phoebe , Lamvik Kristin
Published: May 2016

Diagnostic assessment of swallowing in routine clinical practice relies heavily on the long-standing techniques of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and videoendoscopic evaluation of swallowing (VEES). These complementary and sophisticated techniques provide a real-time visualization of biomechanical movements of the structures involved in swallowing and consequent effects on bolus flow. Despite the sophistication of this instrumentation, interpretation relies heavily on subjective clinical judgement and temporal resolution is limited, limitations that may influence patient management. Adjunctive diagnostic assessments may be utilized to compensate for the limitations posed by VFSS and VEES. Ultrasound and pharyngeal manometry do not represent the latest in technological advances, with both emerging in swallowing research over 20 years ago. However, both have resisted integration into routine clinical practice, despite the fact that they offer quantitative metrics of swallowing that are not available using standard techniques. The aim of this review is to present recent research on these two less frequently used modalities in clinical swallowing assessment, discuss potential applications in clinical practice and review supportive data on test-retest reliability, rater reliability and validity. The paper will conclude with a case report that exemplifies the unique contribution of these modalities in executing and revising therapeutic approaches for a patient with neurogenic dysphagia.
Neuroscientific Implications in Assessment and Intervention for Aphasia
Authors: Worrall Linda , Brandenburg Caitlin , Shrubsole Kirstine
Published: May 2016

Within an overarching theme of generational change in aphasiology, the aims of this paper are to (a) unify the neuroscience of the language impairment of aphasia with the psychosocial science of aphasia, (b) consider the implications of technology and (c) address the global challenge of translational research in this field. To achieve the first two aims, 10 principles of neuroplasticity will be interpreted within the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Two novel treatment approaches to aphasia (UQ Aphasia LIFT and CommFit™) will be described that illustrate how the neuroplasticity principles can be interpreted more broadly within the ICF. The global challenge of translational research will bring the perspective of clinicians and consumers through to aphasia research via 3 recent sets of best practice statements for aphasia. Each demonstrates how the field of aphasiology is undertaking a knowledge synthesis within its broader remit of knowledge transfer and exchange. The Australian Aphasia Rehabilitation Pathway is described as a way of creating living clinical guidelines that are helpful to all stakeholders in aphasia research.
Parvovirus B19 Passive Transmission by Transfusion of Intercept® Blood System-Treated Platelet Concentrate
Authors: Gowland Peter , Fontana Stefano , Stolz Martin , Andina Nicola , Niederhauser Christoph
Published: May 2016

Background: Pathogen reduction methods for blood components are effective for a large number of viruses though less against small, non-enveloped viruses such as Parvovirus B19 (B19V). This article describes the passive transmission by transfusion of two B19V-contaminated pooled platelet concentrates (PCs) which were treated with the Intercept® blood pathogen reduction system. Case Reports: Two transfusion cases of B19V-contaminated Intercept-treated pooled PCs were described. Due to the analysis delay, the PCs were already transfused. The viral content of each donation was 4.87 × 1010 IU/ml in case 1and 1.46 × 108 IU/ml in case 2. B19V (52 IU/ml) was detected in the recipient of the case 1 PC, whereas no virus could be detected in the case 2 PC recipient. A B19V IgM response and a transient boost of the underlying B19V IgG immune status and was observed in recipient 1. Recipient of the case 2 PC remained B19V IgG- and IgM-negative. B19V DNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed a 100% homology between donor and recipient. Conclusion: This report describes passive B19V transmission by a PC with very high B19 viral load which elicited a transient boost of the B19V immunity, but not by a PC with a lower B19V content, suggesting that there is a B19 viral load threshold value at which B19V inactivation is exceeded.
Osteoclastic-Type Giant Cell Tumours of the Pancreas: A Homogenous Series of Rare Tumours Diagnosed by Endoscopic Ultrasound
Authors: Lahiff Conor , Swan Niall , Conlon Kevin , Malone Dermot , Maguire Donal , Hoti Emir , Geoghegan Justin , McEntee Gerry , O''Toole Dermot
Published: May 2016

Background: Giant cell tumors (GCT) of the pancreas are a rare form of pancreatic cancer. Although data are limited, clinical outcomes appear to depend largely on histological subtype with osteoclastic tumors carrying a better prognosis. We report on a homogenous series of patients with osteoclastic-type GCTs of the pancreas presenting to a national pancreatico-biliary gastrointestinal oncology center. Methods: Patients underwent endoscopic, radiological and histopathological assessments. Data were collected in relation to consecutive patients presenting with osteoclastic-type tumors of the pancreas and analyzed with survival as a primary end point. Results: Four patients were treated over a 4-year period. Median age was 77 years with equal gender distribution. Median tumor size was 42 mm. Histology was osteoclast-type giant cells in all 4 patients. Two patients underwent surgery with curative intent. Median overall survival was 13.1 months. Conclusion: This is the largest reported series of osteoclast-type histology in GCTs of the pancreas.
Assessment of Urine Proteomics in Type 1 Primary Hyperoxaluria
Authors: Brooks Ellen R. , Hoppe Bernd , Milliner Dawn S. , Salido Eduardo , Rim John , Krevitt Leah M. , Olson Julie B. , Price Heather E. , Vural Gulsah , Langman Craig B.
Published: May 2016

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC) are stone-forming diseases that may result in the formation of calcium (Ca) oxalate (Ox) stones, nephrocalcinosis, and progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Poorer clinical outcome in PH1 is segregated by the highest urine (Ur)-Ox (UrOx), while IHC outcomes are not predictable by UrCa. We hypothesized that differences would be found in selected Ur-protein (PRO) patterns in PH1 and IHC, compared to healthy intra-familial sibling controls (C) of PH1 patients. We also hypothesized that the PRO patterns associated with higher UrOx levels would reflect injury, inflammation, biomineralization, and abnormal tissue repair processes in PH1. Methods: Twenty four-hour Ur samples were obtained from 3 cohorts: PH1 (n = 47); IHC (n = 35) and C (n = 13) and were analyzed using targeted platform-based multi-analyte profile immunoassays and for UrOx and UrCa by biochemical measurements. Results: Known stone matrix constituents, osteopontin, calbindin, and vitronectin were lowest in PH1 (C > IHC > PH1; p < 0.05). Ur-interleukin-10; chromogranin A; epidermal growth factor (EGF); insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and macrophage inflammatory PRO-1α (MIP-1α) were higher in PH1 > C (p = 0.03 to p < 0.05). Fetuin A; IGF-1, MIP-1α, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were highest in PH1 > IHC (p < 0.001 to p = 0.005). Conclusion: PH1 Ur-PROs reflected overt inflammation, chemotaxis, oxidative stress, growth factors (including EGF), and pro-angiogenic and calcification regulation/inhibition compared to the C and IHC cohorts. Many of the up- and downregulated PH1-PROs found in this study are also found in CKD, acute kidney injury, stone formers, and/or stone matrices. Further data analyses may provide evidence for PH1 unique PROs or demonstrate a poorer clinical outcome.
Higher Frequency of Reflux Symptoms and Acid-Related Dyspepsia in Women than Men Regardless of Endoscopic Esophagitis: Analysis of 3,505 Japanese Subjects Undergoing Medical Health Checkups
Authors: Takeshita Eri , Sakata Yasuhisa , Hara Megumi , Akutagawa Kayo , Sakata Natsuko , Endo Hiroyoshi , Ohyama Takashi , Matsunaga Keiji , Yoshioka Tomomi , Kawakubo Hirohatu , Tanaka Yuichiro , Shirai Shimpei , Ito Yoichiro , Tsuruoka Nanae , Iwakiri Ryuichi , Kusano Motoyasu , Fujimoto Kazuma
Published: May 2016

Background/Aims: This study aimed at (i) clarifying the factors associated with high scores on the modified frequency scale for the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (FSSG) among 3,505 relatively healthy subjects undergoing routine medical health checkups with gastrointestinal endoscopy and (ii) comparing risk factors for high FSSG scores between subjects with and without reflux esophagitis. Methods: In total, 3,505 subjects (male/female: 1,922/1,583) who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during health medical checkups at 5 hospitals in Saga, Japan from January 2013 to December 2013 were enrolled. All subjects completed a modified FSSG questionnaire, which comprised 7 questions regarding reflux symptoms and 7 questions regarding acid-related dyspepsia. Each question was assigned a score based on the frequency of symptoms. Results: Younger age, female gender, hiatal herniation, and endoscopic reflux esophagitis were risk factors for a FSSG score with a high total. Subjects with high scores but without esophagitis were women, and hiatal herniation and Barrett's esophagus were frequently seen in patients with reflux esophagitis. Conclusion: Younger age, female gender, hiatal hernia, and endoscopic esophagitis were risk factors for a high FSSG score, and women tended to complain of upper gastrointestinal symptoms more frequently than did men among subjects without endoscopic esophagitis.
Evolutionary Changes in Sensitivity to Hormonally Induced Gonadal Sex Reversal in a Frog Species
Authors: Miura Ikuo , Ohtani Hiromi , Ogata Mitsuaki , Ezaz Tariq
Published: May 2016

The Japanese frog Glandirana rugosa is unique in that it shows geographic variation in sex chromosome differentiation and heterogametic sex determination. To elucidate the cause of interpopulation differences in gonadal sex differentiation, we investigated hormonally induced sex reversal and the expression patterns of genes associated with sex determination during early tadpole development. We found that sex reversal was easily induced in XX females and XY males of 2 forms (West-Japan and East-Japan) of G. rugosa with the ancestral homomorphic sex chromosomes under male heterogametic sex determination. During sex reversal, expression of CYP19 and/or FOXL2 was dependent on the phenotypic sex of the gonad. In contrast, sex reversal was not induced in ZW females of a population with a heteromorphic ZW sex chromosome system or in XX females or XY males in a population with a heteromorphic XY sex chromosome system. The latter 2 populations are evolutionarily derived forms. These results indicate an evolutionary direction for the gonadal sex differentiation mechanism. The original system was highly sensitive to sex hormones and allowed almost complete sex reversal. From this ancestral form, a new system evolved that was resistant to hormones and showed a change in the heterogametic sex and the sex chromosome differentiation mechanism.
Therapeutical Management for Ocular Rosacea
Authors: López-Valverde Gloria , Garcia-Martin Elena , Larrosa-Povés José Manuel , Polo-Llorens Vicente , Pablo-Júlvez Luis E.
Published: May 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe a case of ocular rosacea with a very complex evolution. Rosacea is a chronic dermatological disease that may affect the ocular structures up to 6-72% of all cases. This form is often misdiagnosed, which may lead to long inflammatory processes with important visual consequences for affected patients. Therefore, an early diagnosis and an adequate treatment are important. Methods: We report the case of a 43-year-old patient who had several relapses of what seemed an episode of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Two weeks later, he developed a corneal ulcer with a torpid evolution including abundant intrastromal infiltrators and calcium deposits. He was diagnosed with ocular rosacea and treated with systemic doxycycline and topical protopic. Results: A coating with amniotic membrane was placed in order to heal the ulcer, but a deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty to restore the patient’s vision because of the corneal transparency loss was necessary. Conclusions: Ocular rosacea includes multiple ophthalmic manifestations ranging from inflammation of the eyelid margin and blepharitis to serious corneal affectations. A delayed diagnosis can result in chronic inflammatory conditions including keratinization and loss of corneal transparency, which lead to important visual sequelae for affected patients.
Evaluation of the Procleix Ultrio Elite Assay and the Panther-System for Individual NAT Screening of Blood, Hematopoietic Stem Cell, Tissue and Organ Donors
Authors: Heim Albert
Published: May 2016

Background: The performance of the multiplex Procleix Ultrio Elite assay as individual donor nucleic acid test (ID-NAT) for the detection of HIV-1, HIV-2, HCV, and HBV was evaluated in a retrospective, single center study. Methods: ID-NAT results of 21,181 blood donors, 984 tissue donors, 293 hematopoietic stem cell donors and 4 organ donors were reviewed in synopsis with results of serological screening and additional discriminatory and repetitive NAT in case of positive donors. Results: Specificity of the initial Procleix Ultrio Elite assay was 99.98% and after discriminatory testing 100.00%. Initially invalid results were observed in 75 of 21,181 blood donors (0.35%) but 16 of 984 tissue donors (1.62%, p < 0.001) which included non-heart-beating (‘cadaveric') donors. All these had valid negative ID-NAT results after repeated testing or testing of 1:5 diluted specimens in case of tissue donors. Occult hepatitis B (defined here as HBV DNAemia without HBsAg detection) was demonstrated by ID-NAT in two anti-HBc-positive tissue donors and suspected in two other tissue donors, where a definite diagnosis was not achieved due to the insufficient sample volumes available. Conclusion: The Procleix Ultrio Elite assay proved to be specific, robust and rapid. Therefore, routine ID-NAT may also be feasible for organ and granulocyte donors.
Documentação judicial: o depoimento
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Letras Clássicas e Vernáculas, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Fernandes Nathalia R.
Published: May 2016

Neste trabalho, apresentamos a edição de alguns depoimentos prestados em processos judiciais entre os anos de 1878 e 1947, os quais embasaram nossa dissertação de mestrado (Fernandes, 2012). A documentação judicial ainda é material pouco explorado em termos de edição filológica e do estudo diacrônico, e o depoimento, em especial, possui uma riqueza de particularidades que o tornam uma variedade documental extremamente interessante para a linguística histórica.
Carta de São Paulo Recursos hídricos no Sudeste: segurança, soluções, impactos e riscos
Authors: Bicudo Carlos Eduardo de Mattos , Nobre Carlos Afonso , Tucci Carlos , Dalberson Danny , Assad Eduardo , Barbosa Francisco , Kelman Jerson , Tundisi José Galizia , Marengo José , Rosa Luiz Pinguelli , Seluchi Marcelo , Porto Monica , Nucci Nelson Luiz Rodrigues , Azevedo Sandra , Soares Sérgio Ayrimoraes , Ciminelli Virginia
Published: May 2016

A “Carta de São Paulo” apresentou diagnósticos, análises e soluções para o problema da crise hídrica no Sudeste. Mesmo após vários meses de sua publicação, ela ainda é atual e, por isso, é reproduzida na abertura deste Dossiê. Redução de demanda, mudanças no sistema de governança da água, uso intensivo de mais tecnologia para reúso, monitoramento intensivo da qualidade da água são algumas das principais recomendações dos especialistas que a elaboraram.