bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Condomínios Rurais: revisão sistemática da literatura internacional
Authors: Gaban Filippi Amanda Cristina , Guarnieri Patricia , Da Cunha Cleyzer Adrian
Published: December 2019

Agriculture suffers from economic, social, political and technological changes, such as those that influence Rural Organizations. In this sense, Rural Condominiums are gaining prominence. The objective of this paper is to analyze the international publication record on Rural Condominiums. For this purpose, a systematic literature review of the international literature was carried out, based on the protocol of Cronin, Ryan and Coughlan (2008) over a period of 30 years. The results indicate that the international literature on Rural Condominiums is restricted and scarce, which evidences research gaps. Among the sub-themes identified in the international literature, the Rural Condominiums show diversity among agricultural activities, sustainable character, cost-saving, large-scale production, price bargaining and work optimization, as well as progress towards other rural activities and studies on networks and governance. In addition, there is a greater concentration of Rural Condominiums in Paraná, Brazil, and that the political-economic conjuncture of each region can help with the development of new Condominiums, which are relevant for growth and competitiveness in Agribusiness. This work contributes to a scarce literature and suggests perspectives for the development of new research on Rural Condominiums.Keywords: Rural Condominiuns; systematic review of international literature; agribusiness.FILIPPI, Amanda Cristina Gaban; GUARNIERI, Patricia; CUNHA, Cleyzer Adrian. Condomínios Rurais: revisão sistemática da literatura internacional. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 3, p. 525-546, out. 2019.Submitted in May 2019.Accepted in August 2019.
Pensamento complexo, agroecologia e agrotóxicos: análise da inter-relação entre ciência, movimentos sociais e mídia no processo de construção social das informações sobre toxidade e risco
Authors: Lucena Paiva Raquel
Published: December 2019

This article presents the principles of complex thinking applied to agroecology and how these parameters can be useful to observe contexts and connections not always taken into account in the construction of scientific research related to agrochemicals. The article analyzes the argumentation, the framework and the sources of journalistic material related to the research of the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) that evaluated the risks of pesticides for the final consumer. The analysis of the texts presents different possibilities regarding construction of the news and of the sources’ influence over the conduct of the framingapplied to the theme as well as in the interpretation of the data and reporting on scientific research.Keywords: agroecology; complex thinking; environmental sociology; environmental communication.PAIVA, Raquel Lucena. Pensamento complexo, agroecologia e agrotóxicos: análise da inter-relação entre ciência, movimentos sociais e mídia no processo de construção social das informações sobre toxidade e risco. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 3, p. 547-565, out. 2019.Submitted in June 2019.Accepted in September 2019.
Condicionantes à absorção tecnológica em unidades agrícolas de produção de cacau do sul da Bahia
Authors: Xavier Trindade Lucas , Nunes Pereira João Pedro de Castro
Published: December 2019

Cocoa production in the south of Bahia represents a segment and region that does not benefit from the national agricultural technological development and, consequently, coexists with poverty and low productivity due to the limited technological input applied to the crop. This configuration implies the need for technological absorption in this agricultural environment, which requires a thorough diagnosis and analysis of the conditions that interfere in this process. Therefore, the present study proposed the identification and construction of an analytical-conceptual model of the factors that interfere in the technological absorption of cocoa producers in the south of Bahia. The model was applied to the producers in the form of a quantitative survey in order to identify their perceptions regarding the constraints, followed by a statistical verification of possible interferences of location and the size of the production units on these perceptions. The results indicated that the investigated producers, although favorable to technological absorption, perceived the existence of restrictive constraints on technological absorption. Moreover, for some constraints, the location and size of the production units influenced the producers' perceptions. Finally, the study contributes to the research of factors conditioning the technological absorption in agricultural segments and regions at the margin of technological development and serves as a methodological basis for studies in other agricultural environments with similar technological characteristics.Keywords: agriculture; public policies; regional development.TRINDADE, Lucas Xavier; PEREIRA, João Pedro de Castro Nunes. Condicionantes à absorção tecnológica em unidades agrícolas de produção de cacau do sul da Bahia. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 3, p. 617-644, out. 2019.Submitted in May 2019.Accepted in August 2019.
Análise regional da produção agropecuária do Rio de Janeiro, considerando-se os segmentos familiar e não familiar
Authors: De Souza Paulo Marcelo , Milaneze de Souza Hadma , Fornazier Armando , Ponciano Niraldo José
Published: December 2019

The regions of the Rio de Janeiro present different conditions in terms of climate, relief and property structure, and were formed by different historical processes. This results in distinct regional productive dynamics, particularly in agriculture.In this research, using concentration, diversification, specialization and location measures, the objective was to characterize regional differences in agricultural production of Rio de Janeiro, considering family and non-family farmers.Significant regional differences were observed in respect to the measuresconsidered. The results show the importance of family farming, mainly in the Northwest, Center and Metropolitan regions, where the most important microregions are Santo Antônio de Pádua, Nova Friburgo and Serrana.As the best measures of diversification are found in this agriculture, its importance in diversifying the state's agricultural economy is evident.Keywords: regional economy; inequalities; family farming.
SOUZA, Paulo Marcelo de; SOUZA, Hadma Milaneze de; FORNAZIER, Armando; PONCIANO, Niraldo José. Análise regional da produção agropecuária do Rio de Janeiro, considerando-se os segmentos familiar e não familiar. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 27, n. 3, p. 645-670, out. 2019.Submitted in May 2019.Accepted in August 2019.
The carbon footprint of sugar
Authors: Rein Peter W.
Published: December 2019

Climate change is rapidly becoming a serious issue and one which will increasingly demand the attention of sugar producers. Estimation of the greenhouse gas emissions in the production of sugar, otherwise known as the carbon footprint, is an essential part of any sustainability study. A method of estimating net energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions has been developed, based initially on work done on biofuels. The calculation routine was developed for use in the Better Sugarcane Initiative standards, which focus on the sustainability of the sugarcane industry. This estimation procedure estimates primary energy requirements including both direct effects, mainly energy usage, and indirect effects, which include energy used in the production of fuels, fertilizers and chemicals. Allowance is also made for the inclusion of direct land use change effects. The estimation procedure allows for the production of molasses and/or ethanol, and for the export of power. Attention is given to the potential errors and problems in arriving at these estimates. The main problems are uncertainties in emissions from fertilizer use and the way in which emissions are allocated to co-products. The results show that the carbon footprint is most affected by sugarcane yield, sugar recovery, fertilizer usage, irrigation, cane burning and power export. A factory set up efficiently for maximum power generation can show a negative carbon footprint and, in this respect, maximum export of electric power can deliver a lower carbon footprint than maximum ethanol production. The calculation routine estimates the greenhouse gas emissions from field to factory gate and can be used for an existing operation or in the design of a new project to assist in making good sustainability choices.
Effiziente Nutzung von Ressourcen im Zuckerrübenanbau
Authors: Hoffmann Christa , Stockfisch Nicol
Published: December 2019

Ein wichtiges Element einer nachhaltigen Pflanzenproduktion ist die effiziente Nutzung natürlicher Ressourcen wie Licht, Wasser, landwirtschaftlicher Fläche und Nährstoffe. Zunächst muss jedoch das Potenzial und die Verfügbarkeit der Ressourcen identifiziert werden. Für die Agrarproduktion ist die landwirtschaftlich nutzbare Fläche die wichtigste Ressource. Allerdings ist ihre Verfügbarkeit limitiert, da zumindest in Europa die gesamte landwirtschaftliche Fläche bereits kultiviert wird, während der Bedarf an Nahrungsmitteln, Futtermitteln und Bioenergie als Folge der wachsenden Bevölkerung auch weiterhin steigen wird. Daher besteht eine dringende Notwendigkeit, die Landnutzungseffizienz zu verbessern. Dies kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Kulturarten mit der höchsten Biomasseproduktion angebaut werden, die Erträge gesteigert werden und in Abhängigkeit des neuen Produktionsziels die Produktionsintensität optimiert wird.
Zuckerrüben weisen eine höhere Biomasseproduktion auf als die meisten anderen Kulturen in Europa und daher einen höheren Nettoenergieertrag. Der Ertrag von Zuckerrüben kann weiter gesteigert werden durch Verbesserung der Lichtnutzung, da die Ertragsbildung durch die Lichtinterzeption begrenzt ist, die der treibende Faktor für die Trockenmasseproduktion von Pflanzen ist. In Winterrüben ist der Zeitpunkt der Blattbildung im Hinblick auf die Einstrahlungsintensität optimiert, daher werden hohe Ertragssteigerungen erwartet. Genauso stellt die Wasserversorgung eine wesentliche Beschränkung für die Pflanzenproduktion dar. Zuckerrüben nutzen Wasser deutlich effizienter zur Produktion von Biomasse als andere Kulturen.
Zukünftige Konzepte für eine effiziente Ressourcennutzung sollten den Anbau von Zuckerrüben einbeziehen, da Zuckerrüben für vielfältige Zwecke genutzt werden können. Die optimale Produktionsintensität hängt allerdings davon ab, auf welches Produkt abgezielt ist und unterscheidet sich für Rübenertrag, Zuckerertrag und Gesamtbiomasse. Die Produktion von Zuckerrüben kann auf jeden Fall dazu beitragen, hoch produktive Flächennutzung und umweltfreundliche Bewirtschaftungsintensität zu verbinden.
RADIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF LUNG NODULES IN A BACKGROUND OF METASTATIC DISEASE
Authors: Akhtar Azra , Akhtar Noreen , Mushtaq Sajid , Hassan Usman , Khan Ali Raza
Published: December 2019

Background: Computed tomography (CT) imaging has improved the chances of detecting small indeterminate (<1 cm) lung nodules. The determination of the underlying malignant or benign nature of a lung nodule poses a great diagnostic challenge and depends on a number of factors, including the radiographic appearance of nodule, the presence of non-pulmonary metastases, characteristics of growth and histological criteria. Methods: The medical records of 89 patients admitted to our specialist cancer centre between 2008 and 2013 were reviewed. Patients of all age groups and tumour category were included in the study. Clinical data of these patients were collected and the following parameters were analysed: Radiographic diagnosis, location, size, laterality and number of nodules and histological impression. The radiological findings were then correlated with histopathological findings. The nodules were sub-classified into groups on the basis of size (A = 0–0.5 cm; B = 0.5–0.9 cm; C = 1.0–1.5 cm and D = >1.5 cm). Results: CT scan reports of 89 patients with lung nodules were reviewed. On radiology, 73/89 (82%) were reported to be malignant nodule. Histopathological review of the biopsies of these 89 nodules confirmed malignancy in 50/89 (56.2%) patients. CT scan was found to be highly sensitive (94%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 83.43–98.68%) but with a very low specificity (33.3%, 95% CI: 19.10–50.22%). CT scan was found to have a higher negative predictive value (81.2%, 95% CI: 54.34–95.73%) and a lower positive predictive value 64.4% (95% CI: 52.31–75.25%) when correlated with histopathological findings. Pathology of these nodules included metastatic sarcoma (27/89; 30.3%) and carcinoma (18/89; 20.2%). The frequency of the biopsy-proven malignant nodules on the right side was 26/45 (57.8%) and on the left side was 24/44 (54.5%) (P = 0.832). Malignant nodules were more frequent in lower lobes (28/43, 65.1%) than in upper lobes (14/32, 43.8%). These two sites combined accounted for 84% of all malignant nodules. There was a significant correlation between nodule size and likelihood of underlying malignancy. The overall prevalence of malignancy in the larger nodules (C and D) was much higher (23/30 and 76.7%) compared to the smaller sized (A and B) nodules (27/58 and 46.8%), P < 0.05.Conclusion: CT scan is a useful tool in the initial clinical assessment of indeterminate lung nodules with high sensitivity (94%) and a high negative predictive value (81.2%).Key words: Computed tomography, fibrosis, indeterminate lung nodule, infection, lung nodule, malignancy, metastases
HYPOFRACTIONATED RADIOTHERAPY IN GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME
Authors: Usman Sadaf , Chaudry Samreen J , Hameed Shahid , Hussain Kamran , Butt Sumera
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes in glioblastoma patients treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy.Materials and Methods: We reviewed all glioblastoma patients treated at our specialist cancer centre over 7 and a 1⁄2 years using hypofractionated radiotherapy (HRT) postoperatively. The HRT regimen was 48 Gy given at 3 Gy/ fractions in 16 fractions. We calculated overall survival using time to event analyses. Results: A total of 62 patients were identi ed of whom 44 (71%) were male. The median age of these patients was 50 years (range: 20–71 years). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 0 in 47 (76%) and 1 in 15 (24%) patients. 7 (11%) of the patients underwent gross total resection, 52 (83%) had subtotal resection and 3 (5%) had a biopsy only. Response assessment on magnetic resonance imaging at 3-month post-HRT showed that 14 (22%) patients had regression, 21 (34%) were stable and 22 (35%) had a progressive primary tumour. 5 (8%) patients were lost to follow up. With a median follow-up of 7.8 months, the median overall survival was 9 months. Patients with ECOG-0 showed a median survival of 7 months as compared to 6 months for those with ECOG-1. Patients with stable or partial response showed a median overall survival of 8 months in comparison to 6 months for those with progressive disease. There were no signi cant differences in median survival based on the extent of surgery. A Cox multivariate model con rmed signi cant correlation of age and response to radiotherapy with survival. Conclusion: HRT consisting of 48 Gy in 3 weeks can be used for selected glioblastoma patients to reduce the overall treatment time of conventional radiotherapy by 35–40% without apparent increased toxicity or decrement in survival in a low resource environment. Key words: Chemoradiation, glioblastoma, hypofractionated radiotherapy, survival
HIGH INFECTION RELATED MORTALITY IN PAKISTANI CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA DURING REMISSION INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY: REVIEW OF DATA FROM A SINGLE INSTITUTION
Authors: Maaz AUR , Badar Farhana , Mahmood Tariq , Al Nassir Ibrahim
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Despite advances in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L.), the outcome for children living in the developing countries is still poor. This is in large part due to high treatment-related mortality (TRM). This study was carried out to review the data and analyze the factors resulting in high TRM during remission induction chemotherapy. Methods: Data for children treated at our centre during the calendar year 2007 were retrospectively analysed. Standard four-drug induction chemotherapy was used without risk strati cation. Bone marrow evaluation was carried out at days 8 and 28. Cerebrospinal uid analysis was carried out on day 1 and with each subsequent intrathecal chemotherapy injection. Modern supportive care facilities including antibiotics, nutritional support and intensive care unit were available. Results: Eighty-one children were eligible for analysis. Median age was 5 years (range 2–16), 72% were male with M:F ratio of 2.5:1. Seventy- five (92%) children had precursor B-cell A.L.L. Only 2 children had central nervous system leukaemia at presentation. Median presenting white blood cell count was 8.83 (range: 1–446). Severe malnutrition (weight <5th centile for age) was seen in 42% of children. Median symptom duration was 6 (range 1–30) weeks at the time of presentation. Induction mortality was 25%. Induction mortality was 25.6% (n = 21). Twenty were related to infections, while more than half (52%) occurred as a result of an outbreak of Acinetobacter infection. Severe malnutrition and Acinetobacter infection (due to an outbreak in our unit during the study period) were highly predictive of TRM during remission induction chemotherapy. Conclusions: Infection control measures, health education and reduction in treatment intensity may improve survival for children with A.L.L. in Pakistani population. Key words: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children, malnutrition, Pakistan, treatment-related mortality
BEST VS AFFORDABLE TREATMENT OPTIONS IN PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: Butt Sumera , Tannock Ian
Published: December 2019

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THERANOSTICS- NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOURS
Authors: Younis Muhammad Numair , Bashir Humayun
Published: December 2019

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MOTIVASI DAN PERILAKU PERAWAT DALAM PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI NOSOKOMIAL PLEBITIS DI RUANG BEDAH RS ADI HUSADA SURABAYA
Authors: Andriani Dewi
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK Infeksi nosokomial merupakan infeksi silang yang terjadi akibat perpindahan mikroorganisme melalui petugas kesehatan dan alat yang dipergunakan saat melakukan tindakan. Plebitis merupakan inflamasi vena yang disebabkan baik oleh iritasi kimia maupun mekanik. Perilaku perawat dalam melakukan pemasangan infus yang tidak sesuai standart operasional dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya infeksi nosokomial plebitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi motivasi dan perilaku perawat dalam pencegahan infeksi nosokomial plebitis pada saat pemasangan infus. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik korelasional. Variabel dependen adalah motivasi dan variabel independen adalah perilaku perawat dalam pencegahan infeksi nosokomial plebitis. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi. Jumlah responden 30 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Hasil uji statistik Spearman Rank Test menunjukkan p=0.01(α<0.05) dan r=0.857, sehingga terdapat hubungan yang bersifat kuat antara motivasi dan perilaku perawat dalam pencegahan infeksi nosokomial di Ruang Bedah RS Adi Husada Undaan. Semakin tinggi motivasi akan semakin baik perilaku perawat melakukan pemasangan infus sesuai standart operasional untuk mencegah terjadinya plebitis. Kondisi ini harus dipertahankan dan ditingkatkan dengan pendidikan dan pelatihan mengenai terapi infus sehingga terjadinya infeksi nosokomial dapat dihindari.

Kata kunci: motivasi, perilaku, pencegahan infeksi nosokomial

ABSTRACTNosocomial infections are infections that occur as a result of cross-transfer of microorganisms through health workers and tools used when performing the action. Plebitis is an inflammation of a vein caused by either chemical or mechanical irritants. The behavior of nurses in infusion incompatible operating standards could result plebitis nosocomial infection. This study aims to identify the motivations and behaviors of nurses in the prevention of nosocomial infection plebitis at the time of infusion. The study used analytic correlational design. The dependent variable was motivation and the independent variable was behavior of nurses in plebitis nosocomial infections prevention. Collecting data used questionnaires and observation. The number of respondents were 30 people. The sampling technique was used purposive sampling. Results of statistical test Spearman rank test showed that p=0.01 (α<0.05) and r=0.857 so there was a strong relationship between motivation and behavior of nurses in the prevention of nosocomial infection in a hospital operating room Adi Husada Undaan. The higher the motivation, the better the behavior of the nurses perform operations according to standard infusion to prevent plebitis. This condition should be maintained and enhanced by education and training on infusion therapy so that the occurrence of nosocomial infections can be avoided.

Keywords: motivation, behavior, nosocomial infection preventions

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PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DALAM PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI PADA PENGUNJUNG PUSKESMAS DUPAK SURABAYA DENGAN PENYULUHAN MENCUCI TANGAN
Authors: Iswati Iswati
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAKTangan merupakan organ tubuh yang selalu kontak langsung dengan apapun termasuk benda-benda disekitar kita. Tangan sebagai sumber perantara berbagai macam mikroorganisme yang bisa mengganggu kesehatan kita. Mencuci tangan dengan benar  dapat mencegah terjadinya infeksi. Namun pada kenyataannya, tindakan cuci tangan yang benar seringkali diabaikan, hal ini dapat disebabkan karena kurangnya pengetahuan tentang cara mencuci tangan yang benar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian non equivalent control group design. Populasinya seluruh pengunjung Puskesmas  Dupak  Surabaya. Variabel penelitiannya yaitu penyuluhan mencuci tangan,  pengetahuan dan sikap dalam pencegahan infeksi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling,  jumlah sampel 80, 40 kelompok kontrol, 40 kelompok intervensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh penyuluhan mencuci tangan terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap dalam pencegahan infeksi pada pengunjung di Puskesmas Dupak Surabaya (p=0.00, α<0.05). Pemberian penyuluhan merupakan stimuli yang dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan mengubah sikap jika dilakukan sesuai situasi dan kondisi serta menggunakan metode yang tepat.Kata kunci : mencuci tangan, pengetahuan dan sikap, pengunjung PuskesmasABSTRACTThe hand is the organ that is always in direct contact with anything, including objects around us. Hands as an intermediary source of a wide variety of microorganisms that could disrupt our health. Wash hands properly can prevent infection. But in fact, the action proper hand washing is often ignored, this can be due to a lack of knowledge about how to wash hands properly. This type of research is the study non-equivalent control group design. The population of all visitors PHC Dupak  Surabaya. Variable research that hand washing education, knowledge and attitudes in the prevention of infection. Sampling was conducted using Purposive Sampling, sample number 80, 40 the control group, the intervention group 40. The results show there is influence of illumination washing hands on knowledge and attitudes in the prevention of infection in Surabaya Dupak visitors at the health center (p=0.00, α=0.05). Provision of counseling are stimuli that can increase knowledge and change attitudes if done according to the situation and conditions and using appropriate methods.Keywords: washing hands, knowledge and attitudes, visitors PHC

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#biteme: Considering the Potential Influence of Social Media on In-Water Encounters with Marine Wildlife
Authors: Pagel Chantal D. , Orams Mark , Lück Michael
Published: December 2019

Over the past three decades, interacting with wildlife as a tourism activity has grown significantly and has transformed from a relatively rare experience into a mainstream tourism product. Tourism opportunities to watch, photograph, and otherwise interact with animals in their natural environment have grown to include a range of species and settings, including in the sea. Close encounters with marine wildlife are facilitated by a wide range of commercial operators, and many include and promote a strong adventure component. This article provides a consideration of the issues of risk and the emerging role of the use of social media in marine wildlife tourism experiences. While the concept of ecotourism has been widely explored in wildlife tourism research, the inherited risk involved in these activities has received little attention. This is particularly the case regarding interactions with potentially dangerous wildlife in open-water environments. This aspect warrants exploration in the context of the growth of wildlife photography/videography and sharing via social media platforms, which frequently display close encounters with animals in dangerous scenarios for both people and wildlife involved.
Identification of a novel binding mechanism of quinoline based molecules with lactate dehydrogenase of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Singh Rahul , Bhardwaj Vijay , Purohit Rituraj
Published: December 2019

Malaria remains a deadliest disease brought about by Plasmodium species, among one of these species, disease due to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is life-threatening. The structures of PfLDH and human LDH are very similar in terms of L-LDH activity, and their biological functions are also equivalent. Therefore, any treatment aiming blocking the functions of PfLDH can affect human LDH. Thus, the main objective of this study is to identify the molecule that exhibits selectivity towards PfLDH without a profound effect on human LDH. In this research, a set of 68 quinolines based molecules were used for molecular docking. From molecular docking, we selected molecules 3j, 4b, 4h, 4m based on their binding affinity, ligand efficiency, lipophilic ligand efficiency, and torsion with selectivity towards PfLDH. The stability of the docked molecules was compared to Chloroquine (reference inhibitor) by applying molecular dynamics simulations and molecular mechanics poisson boltzmann surface area calculations. All the selected molecules showed selectivity for PfLDH with stable dynamic behavior and high binding free energy in comparison to Chloroquine. After examining the molecular mechanics poisson boltzmann surface area ratio results, molecule 3j was reported as a potential and specific inhibitor for PfLDH with a novel mechanism of binding to PfLDH while the remaining molecules 4b, 4h, 4m could further be modified to be used as potent inhibitors against malarial infection.
Hyperbolic Cell-centered Finite Volume Method for Obtaining Potential Magnetic Field Solutions
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Feng Xueshang , Xiang Changqing , Shen Fang
Published: December 2019

A hyperbolic cell-centered finite volume solver (HCCFVS) is proposed to obtain the potential magnetic field solutions prescribed by the solar observed magnetograms. By introducing solution gradients as additional unknowns and adding a pseudo-time derivative, HCCFVS transforms the second-order Poisson equation into an equivalent first-order pseudo-time-dependent hyperbolic system. Thus, instead of directly solving the Poisson equation, HCCFVS obtains the solution to the Poisson equation by achieving the steady-state solution to this first-order hyperbolic system. The code is established in Fortran 90 with Message Passing Interface parallelization. To preliminarily demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the code, two test cases with exact solutions are first performed. The numerical results show its second-order convergence. Then, the code is applied to numerically solve the solar potential magnetic field problem. The solutions demonstrate the capability of HCCFVS to adequately handle the solar potential field problem, and thus it can provide a promising method of solving the same problem, except for the spherical harmonic expansion and the iterative finite difference method. Finally, by using the potential magnetic fields from HCCFVS and the spherical harmonic expansion as initial inputs, we make a comparative study on the steady-state solar corona in Carrington rotation 2098 to reaffirm the HCCFVS’s performance. Both simulations show that their modeled results are similar and capture the large-scale solar coronal structures. The average relative divergence errors, controlled by solving the Poisson equation in the projection method with HCCFVS for both simulations, are kept at an acceptable level.
NuSTAR Observations of the Unidentified INTEGRAL Sources: Constraints on the Galactic Population of HMXBs
Authors: Clavel Maïca , Tomsick John A. , Hare Jeremy , Krivonos Roman , Mori Kaya , Stern Daniel
Published: December 2019

The NuSTAR Legacy program titled Unidentified INTEGRAL Sources targeted faint hard X-ray sources revealed by INTEGRAL in the Galactic plane in order to provide conclusive identification of their nature and insights on the population of faint hard X-ray sources. The NuSTAR and Swift X-Ray Telescope observations obtained in 2015–2017 contributed to the successful identification of five persistent sources. Here, we report on the spectral and variability analyses that helped to consolidate the classifications of IGR J10447–6027, IGR J16181–5407, and IGR J20569+4940 as active galactic nuclei and IGR J17402–3656 as an intermediate polar. An optical spectrum of the blazar IGR J20569+4940 is also presented. Combining these results with successful identifications of other such faint and persistent INTEGRAL sources reported in the literature, we investigate possible implications for the population of persistent high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) below the identification completion limit of the INTEGRAL survey. The current trend hints at a deficit of persistent HMXBs below F
17–60 keV = 10−11 erg cm−2 s−1, but additional efforts dedicated to classifying faint hard X-ray sources are needed before we can draw solid conclusions.
Chandra Observations of the Spectacular A3411–12 Merger Event
Authors: Andrade-Santos Felipe , van Weeren Reinout J. , Di Gennaro Gabriella , Wittman David , Ryu Dongsu , Lal Dharam Vir , Placco Vinicius M. , Fogarty Kevin , Jee M. James , Stroe Andra , Sobral David , Forman William R. , Jones Christine , Kraft Ralph P. , Murray Stephen S. , Brüggen Marcus , Kang Hyesung , Santucci Rafael , Golovich Nathan , Dawson William
Published: December 2019

We present deep Chandra observations of A3411–12, a remarkable merging cluster that hosts the most compelling evidence for electron reacceleration at cluster shocks to date. Using the

scaling relation, we find r
500 ∼ 1.3 Mpc,

,

, and a gas mass of

. The gas mass fraction within r
500 is

. We compute the shock strength using density jumps to conclude that the Mach number of the merging subcluster is small (

). We also present density, temperature, pseudo-pressure, and pseudo-entropy maps. Based on the pseudo-entropy map, we conclude that the cluster is undergoing a mild merger, consistent with the small Mach number. On the other hand, radio relics extend over Mpc scale in the A3411–12 system, which strongly suggests that a population of energetic electrons already existed over extended regions of the cluster.
Quasi-simultaneous INTEGRAL, SWIFT, and NuSTAR Observations of the New X-Ray Clocked Burster 1RXS J180408.9-342058
Authors: Fiocchi M. , Bazzano A. , Bruni G. , Ludlam R. , Natalucci L. , Onori F. , Ubertini P.
Published: December 2019

We report the quasi-simultaneous INTEGRAL, SWIFT, and NuSTAR observations showing spectral state transitions in the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 1RXS J180408.9−342058 during its 2015 outburst. We present results of the analysis of high-quality broad energy band (0.8–200 keV) data in three different spectral states: high/soft, low/very-hard, and transitional state. The broadband spectra can be described in general as the sum of thermal Comptonization and reflection due to illumination of an optically thick accretion disk. During the high/soft state, blackbody emission is generated from the accretion disk and the surface of the neutron star. This emission, measured at a temperature of kT
bb ∼ 1.2 keV, is then Comptonized by a thick corona with an electron temperature of ∼2.5 keV. For the transitional and low/very-hard state, the spectra are successfully explained with emission from a double Comptonizing corona. The first component is described by thermal Comptonization of seed disk/neutron star photons (kT
bb ∼ 1.2 keV) by a cold corona cloud with kT

e
 ∼ 8–10 keV, while the second one originates from lower temperature blackbody photons (kT
bb ≤ 0.1 keV) Comptonized by a hot corona (kT

e
 ∼ 35 keV). Finally, from NuSTAR observations, there is evidence that the source is a new clocked burster. The average time between two successive X-ray bursts corresponds to ∼7.9 and ∼4.0 ks when the persistent emission decreases by a factor of ∼2, moving from a very hard to transitional state. The accretion rate (

∼
4
×

10

−
9

M

☉

yr

−
1

) and the decay time of the X-ray bursts longer than ∼30 s suggest that the thermonuclear emission is due to mixed H/He burning triggered by thermally unstable He ignition.
Resolving the Interstellar Medium in Ultraluminous Infrared QSO Hosts with ALMA
Authors: Tan 谈 Qing-Hua 清华 , Gao 高 Yu 煜 , Kohno 河野 Kotaro 孝太郎 , Xia 夏 Xiao-Yang 晓阳 , Omont Alain , Hao 郝 Cai-Na 彩娜 , Mao 毛 Shu-De 淑德 , Daddi Emanuele , Shi 施 Yong 勇 , Zhao 赵 Ying-He 应和 , Cox Pierre
Published: December 2019

We present ALMA observations of the CO(1−0) line and 3 mm continuum emission in eight ultraluminous infrared (IR) quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) at z = 0.06–0.19. All eight IR QSO hosts are clearly resolved in their CO molecular gas emission with a median source size of 3.2 kpc, and seven out of eight sources are detected in 3 mm continuum, which is found to be more centrally concentrated with respect to molecular gas with sizes of 0.4−1.0 kpc. Our observations reveal a diversity of CO morphology and kinematics for the IR QSO systems, which can be roughly classified into three categories: rotating gas disk with ordered velocity gradient, compact CO peak with disturbed velocity, and multiple CO distinct sources undergoing a merger between a luminous QSO and a companion galaxy separated by a few kpc. The molecular gas in three of the IR QSO hosts is found to be rotation-dominated with a ratio of the maximum rotation velocity to the local velocity dispersion of V
rot/σ = 4–6. Basic estimates of the dynamical masses within the CO-emitting regions give masses between 7.4 × 109 and 6.9 × 1010
M
⊙. We find an increasing trend between black hole mass accretion rate and star formation rate (SFR) over 3 orders of magnitude in far-IR luminosity/SFR, in line with the correlation between QSO bolometric luminosity and star formation activity, indicative of a likely direct connection between active galactic nuclei and star formation activity over galaxy evolution timescales.
A Submillimeter Perspective on the GOODS Fields (SUPER GOODS). IV. The Submillimeter Properties of X-Ray Sources in the CDF-S
Authors: Barger A. J. , Cowie L. L. , Bauer F. E. , González-López J.
Published: December 2019

The Chandra Deep Field (CDF)-S is the deepest X-ray image available and will remain so for the near future. We provide a spectroscopic (64.5%; 64% with spectral classifications) and photometric redshift catalog for the full 7 Ms sample, but much of our analysis focuses on the central (off-axis angles <5.′7) region, which contains a large, faint ALMA sample of 75 > 4.5σ 850 μm sources. We measure the 850 μm fluxes at the X-ray positions using the ALMA images, where available, or an ultradeep SCUBA-2 map. We find that the full X-ray sample produces ∼10% of the 850 μm extragalactic background light. We separate the submillimeter-detected X-ray sources into star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using a star formation rate (SFR) versus X-ray luminosity calibration for high-SFR galaxies. We confirm this separation using the X-ray photon indices. We measure the X-ray fluxes at the accurate positions of the 75 ALMA sources and detect 70% at >3σ in either the 0.5–2 or 2–7 keV bands. However, many of these may produce both their X-ray and submillimeter emission by star formation. Indeed, we find that only 20% of the ALMA sources have intermediate X-ray luminosities (rest-frame 8–28 keV luminosities of 1042.5–1044 erg s−1), and none has a high X-ray luminosity (>1044 erg s−1). Conversely, after combining the CDF-S with the CDF-N, we find extreme star formation (SFR > 300 M
⊙ yr−1) in some intermediate X-ray luminosity sources but not in any high X-ray luminosity sources. We argue that the quenching of star formation in the most luminous AGNs may be a consequence of the clearing of gas in these sources.
Comparative FISH mapping of ribosomal DNA clusters and TTAGG telomeric sequences to holokinetic chromosomes of eight species of the insect order Psocoptera
Authors: Golub Natalia , Anokhin Boris , Kuznetsova Valentina
Published: December 2019

Repetitive DNAs are the main components of eukaryotic genome. We mapped the 18S rDNA and TTAGG telomeric probe sequences by FISH to meiotic chromosomes of eight species of the order Psocoptera considered a basal taxon of Paraneoptera: Valenzuela burmeisteri (Brauer, 1876), Stenopsocus lachlani Kolbe, 1960, Graphopsocus cruciatus (Linnaeus, 1768), Peripsocus phaeopterus (Stephens, 1836), Philotarsus picicornis (Fabricius, 1793), Amphigerontia bifasciata (Latreille, 1799), Psococerastis gibbosa (Sulzer, 1766), and Metylophorus nebulosus (Stephens, 1836). These species belong to five distantly related families of the largest psocid suborder Psocomorpha: Caeciliusidae, Stenopsocidae, Peripsocidae, Philotarsidae, and Psocidae. We show that all the examined species share a similar location of 18S rDNA on a medium-sized pair of autosomes. This is the first study of rDNA clusters in the order Psocoptera using FISH. We also demonstrate that these species have the classical insect (TTAGG)n telomere organization. Our results provide a foundation for further cytogenetic characterization and chromosome evolution studies in Psocoptera.
The first Elcanidae (Orthoptera, Elcanoidea) from the Daohugou fossil bed of northeastern China
Authors: Tian He , Gu Jun-Jie , Yin Xiang Chu , Ren Dong
Published: December 2019

A new species of Elcanidae (Orthoptera, Elcanoidea), Parelcana pulchmaculasp. nov., is described based on four new specimens from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of northeastern China. The new species differs from all other known Archelcaninae species by its combination of wing-venation characters. This new finding improves our knowledge of variation on wing venation in elcanid insects and constitutes the first record of Elcanidae from the Daohugou fossil bed (Yanliao Biota) of northeastern China.
C’est qui le Patron ?! Les enjeux de la mobilisation des consom’acteurs
Authors: Renault Sophie
Published: December 2019

Fin 2016, une nouvelle marque de produits alimentaires est arrivée sur le marché français : « C’est qui le Patron ?! La Marque du Consommateur ». Avec pour objectif d’être responsable, la marque se singularise par sa volonté de donner le pouvoir aux consommateurs. Depuis le site Internet de la marque, il est ainsi possible de sélectionner les futurs produits de la gamme et leurs principales caractéristiques. Les « consom’acteurs » ont aussi un rôle actif dans la stratégie de communication et de distribution. Ceux qui le souhaitent peuvent également devenir sociétaires de la marque. Cet article interroge les contours et enjeux de la stratégie d’empowerment de « C’est qui le Patron ?! ». Nous montrons que l’empowerment génère un processus d’engagement positif envers la marque. Cette stratégie trouve notamment sa force dans la pédagogie dont fait montre la marque à l’égard des consom’acteurs. In fine , on observe une forme de loyauté des consommateurs. Associés aux décisions de la marque et partageant les valeurs qu’elle porte, ils en privilégient les produits dans leur acte d’achat. Il est alors question de « buycott ». Nous observons enfin les difficultés associées à la stratégie d’empowerment des consommateurs.
Antoine Grande, Entretien
Authors: Théofilakis Fabien
Published: December 2019

La mémoire ne constitue pas seulement un champ institué de la recherche en science humaine, elle renvoie aussi à des pratiques publiques qui sont l’objet d’une réflexion critique croissante dans la dernière décennie, notamment de leurs acteurs eux-mêmes comme Antoine Grande, chef du département de la mémoire et des Hauts lieux de la mémoire nationale à l’Office national des anciens combattants et victimes de guerre. Dans son entretien, il souligne combien la mémoire et ses supports ont évolué pour devenir un « outil de transmission de valeurs », combien les politiques publiques ont dû diversifier les sujets à commémorer et se décentraliser pour correspondre aux échelles de mobilisation. Les exemples choisis parmi les Hauts lieux de la mémoire nationale montrent en quoi les politiques de mémoire doivent répondre au défi posé par la tension croissante entre héritage du passé et nécessité de le rendre contemporain. Quel est alors le rôle du pouvoir politique face à des devoirs de mémoire qui peuvent être concurrents s’interroge Antoine Grande.
Parler, écouter, voir. L’image du silence dans l’œuvre d’Esther Shalev-Gerz
Authors: Bopp Petra
Published: December 2019

L’exposition Entre l’écoute et la parole : Derniers témoins Auschwitz-Birkenau 1945-2005 d’Esther Shalev-Gerz fut inaugurée le 25 janvier 2005, soixante ans après la libération du camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. Le Mémorial de la Shoah, rouvert en même temps, a lancé une campagne avec la Mairie de Paris pour recueillir soixante témoignages des survivants de la Shoah. Ces interviews filmées furent montrées sur 60 lecteurs DVD ainsi que par une projection vidéo sur trois grands écrans. Les spectateurs pouvaient écouter individuellement les récits et voir ensemble sur grandes images les moments où les rescapés ont perdu les mots pour décrire les douleurs traumatiques et indicibles. L’image donne, entre l’écoute et la parole, une dimension complémentaire à l’imagination du visiteur.
Esther Shalev-Gerz, Entretien
Authors: Théofilakis Fabien
Published: December 2019

Comment rendre présent hors de la monumentalité des mémoriaux l’héritage du passé ? Comment faire entendre la contemporanéité de la parole des témoins ? En quoi l’artiste peut-il aider une société à se confronter à la violence sans la répéter ? Ce sont ces questions qu’Esther Shalev-Gerz, artiste internationale vivant à Paris, aborde dans son entretien. À partir de quelques œuvres emblématiques de sa démarche créatrice, notamment sur la mémoire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elle explicite comment son travail cherche à interroger la position de celui/celle qui regarde, mais aussi à rendre, par la vidéo et le son, la densité de l’expression de celui/celle qui parle, jusque dans ses « moments de non-parole ». Dans les œuvres d’E. Shalev-Gerz, l’artiste apparaît comme un éveilleur qui invite à ressentir l’expérience de la disparition et propose de « nouvelles mythologies ».
De la violence de l’histoire. Mémoires, créations visuelles et cinquantenaires de la guerre d’indépendance algérienne
Authors: Goudal Émilie
Published: December 2019

À l’occasion du cinquantenaire de la fin de la guerre d’indépendance algérienne, des artistes, héritiers des conflits de mémoires, tant en Algérie qu’en France, convoquent le spectre de cette guerre depuis la France. Ces œuvres porteuses d’une critique sociale projetée sur une histoire du temps présent questionnent les limites des commémorations officielles de 2012 au prisme des représentations artistiques de la guerre d’indépendance algérienne. Certains artistes se confrontent alors à un inventaire critique face à l’histoire et proposent de nouvelles narrations visuelles, chargées du poids d’une historicité portée en héritage. Ces propositions artistiques depuis des documents d’archives du conflit semblent pointer la manière dont certains récits peuvent être enfouis, et mis au silence, par la violence de l’histoire.
Jean-Marc Cerino, Entretien
Authors: Bernou Anne
Published: December 2019

La sensibilité extrême de Jean-Marc Cerino aux guerres et aux génocides qui ont marqué le xx e  siècle s’exprime à l’aide d’œuvres de  visibilité faible  qui contrarient la vision directe. À partir d’images d’archives, reprises sur des plaques en verre, il entame en effet un processus d’effacement qui, paradoxalement, amplifie l’intensité de la perception. Par ce geste de copiste sur support transparent, qui donne naissance à des représentations ouvertes, l’artiste se fait passeur d’histoire. Mais « le passé étant ce qui a eu lieu autant que ce qui a été rêvé et qui, de fait, a existé également », ses œuvres sont à l’image du réel, sans être l’image du réel.
Chapitre 4. Pérennisation des opérations spatiales : la question des débris orbitaux
Authors: Bonnal Christophe
Published: December 2019

L’évolution rapide du nombre de débris orbitaux depuis les débuts de l’ère spatiale pose de nombreux problèmes aujourd’hui, notamment vis-à-vis du risque vers les populations liées aux rentrées atmosphériques non-contrôlées, et aux collisions en orbite ; ces collisions peuvent rendre inopérants des satellites fort précieux, mais aussi régénérer des nuages de nouveaux débris faisant craindre une évolution toujours plus rapide dans les années qui viennent. Pour contrer cela, une réglementation s’est mise en place au niveau international, mais elle tarde à être appliquée correctement. Les nouvelles activités spatiales prévues pour les décennies à venir, « Espace 4.0 », prévoyant le déploiement de milliers de nouveaux satellites, nécessitent de nouvelles actions coordonnées entre tous les acteurs spatiaux afin de préserver l’exploitation de l’espace, indispensable à tant de domaines de notre vie quotidienne, environnement, télécommunications, navigation…
Chapitre 5. Militarisation et arsenalisation de l’espace extra-atmosphérique : perspectives stratégiques et éthico-juridiques
Authors: Cumin David
Published: December 2019

« L’éthique de l’humanité » contenu dans le droit de l’espace extra-atmosphérique (EEA) a pour antonyme le nomos et le polemos selon Carl Schmitt, c’est-à-dire l’idée que le droit (international) et le politique ont pour noyaux respectifs le partage territorial et la relation d’hostilité, tous deux trouvant à se combiner dans la conquête, au sens de la prise de possession d’un territoire par l’emploi de la force armée. La grande question est de savoir si l’EEA échappe, ou échappera, au nomos et au polemos , ou s’il connaît, ou connaîtra, lui aussi, la lutte pour la domination. Afin de répondre à cette question, l’article examine le droit de l’EEA en matière militaire ; puis « l’éthique de l’humanité » vis-à-vis du nomos et polemos  ; enfin la militarisation et de l’arsenalisation de l’EEA, sous l’angle des défenses antimissiles et du rapport à la dissuasion nucléaire, soit l’essentiel de la problématique de défense dans l’EEA.
Chapitre 8. Hommes ou robots dans l’espace. Approches éthique et juridique
Authors: Nevejans Nathalie
Published: December 2019

Qui de l’homme ou du robot a sa place dans l’espace ? Le robot, car il peut remplacer l’être humain pour les missions d’exploration qui se révèlent toujours particulièrement dangereuses tant pour la santé que pour la sécurité des astronautes. Mais l’homme également tend à acquérir une place dans l’espace, lorsqu’il peut être secondé par le robot en tant qu’outil qui facilite son travail, ou lorsque la machine peut servir de média pour prolonger l’humanité aux confins de l’univers. Toutes ces hypothèses soulèvent des questionnements éthiques et juridiques auxquels l’article donne des pistes de solutions.