bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timed wake-up anaesthesia in hand: A modification to wide awake surgery of hand
Authors: Kamath Jagannath , Shenoy Trivikram , Jayasheelan Nikil , Rizwan Naufal , Sachan Vartika , Danda Rajashekar
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Wide awake surgery of the hand (WASH) is a well-accepted technique in hand surgery which allows the surgeon to identify and rectify on the table of some of the inadvertent shortcomings in the surgical procedures to optimise the final outcome. The advantage, however, precludes the use of tourniquet. We describe a modified method which preserves all the advantages of WASH and allows the surgeon to use tourniquet. Patients and Methods: Thirty-one cases of hand surgeries were carried out using the modified technique where a wrist block was supplemented with the ultra-short acting intravenous propofol which allowed the surgeon to use the upper arm tourniquet. The propofol infusion was stopped, and the tourniquet was released after the important surgical step. Within an average of 10 min of stoppage of the infusion, all the patients were awake for active intraoperative painless movements to aid the surgeon to identify, rectify and fine tune the procedure to optimise the results. Results: Five of the 31 patients needed correction based on the intraoperative movements. All the 31 patients were pain free at the surgical site during surgery. All the 31 patients were cooperative enough to perform full range of pain-free intraoperative movements. No patient experienced significant tourniquet pain during the procedure. Patient’s and surgeon’s satisfaction at the end of the procedure has been quite satisfactory. Conclusion: Timed wake-up anaesthesia, an improvement over the original WASH, has been suggested where the surgeon can add without subtracting the benefits of the procedure in the form of usage of the tourniquet providing the clear tissue plane and haemostasis during the surgery. However, an additional cost is incurred for the use of anaesthesia and equipment should be kept in mind.
Distal phalanx amputation with delayed presentation and successful reconstruction with reposition and flap after 2 weeks
Authors: Braga-Silva Jefferson , Ramos Renato Franz Matta , Marchese Gabriela Meirelles , Piccinini Pedro Salomao
Published: December 2016

Traumatic finger amputations are common, causing significant functional and cosmetic deficits. Microsurgical replantation techniques are the mainstay of treatment for most such injuries although they require adequate conservation of the amputated segment for a successful result. In distal finger amputations, replantation is the procedure of choice, as long as the amputated fragment is viable. If replantation is not an option, reposition + flap using a neurovascular flap can be an efficient option, as this offers improved skin coverage. To the best of our knowledge, this case illustrates the longest cold ischaemic time with a successful outcome.
Awkward defects around the elbow: The radial recurrent artery flap revisited
Authors: Devale Maksud M. , Munot Rohit P. , Bhansali Chirag A. , Bhaban Neeraj D.
Published: December 2016

Background: Soft tissue defects on the posterior aspect of the elbow are commonly seen in patients treated with internal fixation for fractures around the elbow joint. An axial flap based on the radial recurrent artery (RRA) is very useful for such defects, especially if a posterior midline arm incision has been taken for skeletal fixation. The aim of this study is to describe the usefulness of RRA flap (based on the RRA) in the management of such defects. Materials and Methods: We present a retrospective analysis of 4 cases managed with the RRA flap for soft tissue reconstruction of defects around the elbow joint at our institute from January 2015 to August 2016. All the patients were males with a history of exposed implant following internal fixation of olecranon/distal humerus fracture. The size of defects ranged from 4 cm × 4 cm to 7 cm × 5 cm. Results of the analysis are presented here. Results: All flaps survived completely. There was no infection, hematoma or distal neurovascular deficit. There was minimal donor site morbidity. Conclusion: The RRA flap is a useful, simple flap for defects around the elbow joint in select patients providing one stage, reliable, cosmetically acceptable coverage.
Nasal correction in nasomaxillary hypoplasia (Binder’s syndrome): An optimised classification and treatment
Authors: Yamani Venkata Ramana , Ghosh Shakuntala , Tirunagari Shreekumar
Published: December 2016

Background: Nasomaxillary hypoplasia is a rare congenital disorder involving the central face. It imparts a distinctive appearance to the individual face as the age advances. Severity of the disorder varies, so do the manifestations. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on the records and photographic data of 560 rhinoplasty cases performed between 2006 March and 2016 March. About 16 cases of nasomaxillary hypoplasia were selected from the group and they were classified based on the severity of the features. Surgical correction performed in each group was detailed. Results: Three percent of the 560 rhinoplasties performed in our centre turned out to be cases of Binder's syndrome. Nasal correction with locoregional autologous cartilage grafts was sufficient in mild cases. Loco-regional cartilage grafts along with costal cartilage grafts were needed for moderate and severe cases. Anterior nasal floor along with alar base augmentation was performed to achieve a proper aesthetic profile in moderate and severe cases. Post-operative results were excellent in mild and moderate cases and acceptable in severe cases. Discussion: We attempted to correct the deformity only after growth of the nose and maxilla was completed. We used cartilage grafts as a mainstay as cartilage has long-term stability without resorption unlike bone grafts. Instead of following en bloc technique of cartilage assembly, we have reconstructed the nasal dorsum, columella and tip separately as this principle is more functionally acceptable with less warping or stiffness of the nose. Importance was given to proper anchorage of grafts. Conclusion: We have attempted to put together the various features into three categories of mild/moderate/severe based on previous anthropometric studies of nasal anatomical parameters. The second objective of our study was to advise a logical surgical protocol for each group so that future surgeons can follow an easy surgical guideline to attain optimal cosmetic and functional results.
Surgical excision and contoured custom made splint to treat helical keloid
Authors: Chamaria Ankita , De Sousa Reuben Fernando , Aras Meena Ajay , Mascarenhas Kennedy
Published: December 2016

Helical keloids are difficult to treat as surgical excision requires effective compression of the operative scar to prevent recurrence while retaining the contour and elasticity of the helix. The authors fabricated a conforming custom made post-operative splint from a commonly used dental material. Splints could be fabricated in both pre-operative and post-operative stage.
Establishment of a Dose-response Curve for X-ray-Induced Micronuclei in Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Lusiyanti Yanti , Alatas Zubaidah , Syaifudin Mukh , Purnami Sofiati
Published: December 2016

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes is an established technique for biodosimetry. The aim of this project was to generate a X-ray induced micronuclei (MN) curve for peripheral blood lymphocytes taken from five healthy donors. The blood samples were irradiated with X-rays of 122 KeV at a dose rate of 0.652 Gy/min to doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Gy. The blood samples were then cultured for 72 h at 37°C and processed following the International Atomic Energy Agency standard procedure with slight modifications. The result showed that the yields of MN frequencies were increased with the increase of radiation dose. Reconstruction of the relationship of MN with dose was fitted to a linear-quadratic model using Chromosome Aberration Calculation Software version 2.0. Due to their advantages, mainly, the dependence on radiation dose and dose rate, despite their limitation, these curves will be useful as alternative method for in vitro dose reconstruction and can support the preparedness for public or occupational radiation overexposure and protection. The results reported here also give us confidence to apply the obtained calibration curve of MN for future biological dosimetry requirements in Indonesia.
Establishment of Dose-response Curves for Dicentrics and Premature Chromosome Condensation for Radiological Emergency Preparedness in Thailand
Authors: Rungsimaphorn Benchawan , Rerkamnuaychoke Budsaba , Sudprasert Wanwisa
Published: December 2016

The in vitro dose calibration curves using conventional biological dosimetry – dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) assay – were performed for the first time in Thailand for reconstruction of radiation dose in the exposed individuals. The peripheral blood lymphocyte samples from healthy donors were irradiated with 137Cs source at a dose rate of 0.652 Gy/min to doses of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Gy for DCA technique, and 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Gy for PCC technique. The blood samples were cultured and processed following the standard procedure as prescribed in the International Atomic Energy Agency report with slight modifications. The yield of dicentrics with dose from at least 1000 metaphases or 100 dicentrics was fitted to a linear quadratic model using Chromosome Aberration Calculation Software (CABAS, version 2.0) whereas those of PCC rings with dose from 100 rings was fitted to a linear quadratic equation at doses from 0 to 15 Gy. These curves will be useful for in vitro dose reconstruction and can support the preparedness for overexposure to radiation among public or occupational workers and eventual radiological accident in Thailand.
Study on γH2AX Expression of Lymphocytes as a Biomarker In Radiation Biodosimetry
Authors: Pan Yan , Gao Gang , Ruan Jian Lei , Liu Jian Xiang
Published: December 2016

Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the changes of γH2AX protein expression in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the dose-effect study, the expression of γH2AX was detected 1 h after irradiation with 60Co γ-rays at doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 Gy. Blood was cultivated for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after 4 Gy 60Co γ-rays irradiation for the time-effect study. At the same time, the blood was divided into four treatment groups (ultraviolet [UV] irradiation, 60Co γ-rays irradiation, UV plus 60Co γ-rays irradiation, and control group) to detect the changes of protein expression of γH2AX. The results showed that the γH2AX protein expression was in dose-effect and time-effect relationship with 60Co γ-rays. The peak expression of γH2AX was at 1 h after 60Co γ-ray irradiation and began to decrease quickly. Compared to irradiation with 60Co γ-rays alone, the expression of γH2AX was not significantly changed after irradiation with 60Co γ-rays plus UV. Dose rate did not significantly change the expression of γH2AX. The expression of γH2AX induced by 60Co γ-rays was basically consistent with the mice in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed that the detection of γH2AX protein expression changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte by flow cytometry analysis is reasonable and may be useful for biodosimetry.
Towards Establishing Capacity for Biological Dosimetry at Ghana Atomic Energy Commission
Authors: Achel Daniel Gyingiri , Achoribo Elom , Agbenyegah Sandra , Adaboro Rudolph M. , Donkor Shadrack , Adu-Bobi Nana A. K. , Agyekum Akwasi A. , Akuamoa Felicia , Tagoe Samuel N. , Kyei Kofi A. , Yarney Joel , Serafin Antonio , Akudugu John M.
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was not only to obtain basic technical prerequisites for the establishment of capacity of biological dosimetry at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) but also to stimulate interest in biological dosimetry research in Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa. Peripheral blood from four healthy donors was exposed to different doses (0–6 Gy) of gamma rays from a radiotherapy machine and lymphocytes were subsequently stimulated, cultured, and processed according to standard protocols for 48–50 h. Processed cells were analyzed for the frequencies of dicentric and centric ring chromosomes. Radiation dose delivered to the experimental model was verified using GafChromic® EBT films in parallel experiments. Basic technical prerequisites for the establishment of capacity of biological dosimetry in the GAEC have been realized and expertise in the dicentric chromosome assay consolidated. We successfully obtained preliminary cytogenetic data for a dose-response relationship of the irradiated blood lymphocytes. The data strongly indicate the existence of significant linear (α) and quadratic (β) components and are consistent with those published for the production of chromosome aberrations in comparable absorbed dose ranges.
El seminario de lectura en Educación Social: la juventud y el pensamiento pedagógico de Paulo Freire
Authors: Varela-Crespo L.
Published: December 2016

La formación inicial de los profesionales de la Educación Social en un momento histórico en que se ha completado la implantación del Grado en un número importante de Universidades españolas, exige potenciar y recuperar metodologías docentes que posibiliten conseguir un aprendizaje significativo de los estudiantes. En una época en que el aprendizaje “instantáneo” y de fácil adquisición ha sustituido en gran medida a aquellos procesos formativos que exigían ritmos más pausados y reflexionados, la construcción de conocimiento teórico que ayude al alumnado a comprender y actuar en el mundo en el que vive resulta indispensable.

El texto que se presenta recoge la experiencia de estudio del pensamiento pedagógico de Paulo Freire llevada a cabo en la materia de “Teorías e instituciones educativas” del Grado en Educación Social en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación (Ourense) de la Universidad de Vigo, durante el primer cuatrimestre del curso 2013-2014. Los objetivos de esta experiencia se centraron en: promover el hábito de lectura y estudio en equipo; discutir la concepción de educación presentada por Paulo Freire; estimular la actitud investigadora y la capacidad de analizar información considerando los diferentes contextos en los que pueden ser abordadas las temáticas seleccionadas. En concreto, el seminario de lectura desarrollado posibilitó trabajar en profundidad temas específicos relacionados con la construcción de la condición juvenil en la sociedad española, estimulando al alumnado al debate, la reflexión y el intercambio de ideas y conocimientos pedagógicos en el aula.
Análisis del desarrollo de los nuevos títulos de Grado basados en competencias y adaptados al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES)
Authors: Castañeda Fernández J.
Published: December 2016

Nos encontramos en una etapa en la que la implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior debería constituir una realidad constatable, ya que en estos momentos las primeras promociones de los nuevos títulos de Grado están finalizando sus correspondientes carreras. Es en este contexto educativo en que nos encontramos, cuando más procedente resulta analizar si realmente los Programas Formativos se están implementando de manera adecuada en base a competencias y teniendo presentes los principios fundamentales de esta nueva orientación educativa, o bien, la novedad se ha limitado a cambios nominales sin modificaciones reales en la práctica educativa cotidiana del aula; manteniendo, por contra, una educación tradicional centrada en la transmisión unidireccional (docente→discente) de contenidos casi exclusivamente teóricos. En este artículo se pretende verificar, gracias a las aportaciones de los diferentes protagonistas del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje (concretamente el profesorado y el alumnado), si los novedosos Planes de Estudios realmente se están desarrollando siguiendo los principios fundamentales de la educación/formación basada en competencias. Para ello se les ha pedido su opinión por medio de la aplicación de entrevistas a los docentes y grupos de discusión con los discentes, así como cuestionarios a ambos. Los resultados obtenidos han puesto de manifiesto que, a pesar del gran interés y dedicación puesto en juego por parte del profesorado, la formación universitaria actual aún dista sustancialmente de ser una correcta “educación basada en competencias” exigiendo todavía un notable esfuerzo al respecto.
Características de los Estudiantes de Grado de las áreas Ciencias Sociales y Salud: autoconcepto, motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje
Authors: Calet N. , Dumitrache C. G.
Published: December 2016

La universidad actual está experimentando diversos cambios, dentro de este contexto es relevante conocer las características del alumnado universitario para lograr una adaptación más óptima. Entre las características más relevantes a analizar destacamos la relevancia del autoconcepto, o la percepción que las personas tenemos de nosotras mismas, la motivación y las estrategias que emplean los estudiantes para el aprendizaje en el ámbito universitario.

En este estudio han participado un total de 155 estudiantes de Grado de la Universidad de Granada (143 mujeres y 12 hombres; edad media = 22.48, DT= 4.11), de éstos 65 pertenecen al área de Ciencias Sociales (Grado de Educación Infantil) y 90 al área de Ciencias de la Salud (Grado de Logopedia). Los resultados revelan que en general presentan puntuaciones altas en autoconcepto. En concreto destaca el autoconcepto familiar y social con los valores más altos, mientras que el emocional se revela con valores más bajos.

En ambos grados presentan unos niveles de motivación medio-altos, destacando una orientación motivacional intrínseca, mientras que la ansiedad revela puntuaciones intermedias. La estrategia de aprendizaje de elaboración se revela como la más utilizada entre los estudiantes. A modo de conclusión se observan bastantes similitudes entre las características de autoconcepto, motivación y estrategias de aprendizaje a pesar de pertenecer a áreas diferentes. No obstante cabe destacar en ambas áreas  presentan rasgos parecidos. Se discute la implicación de los resultados encontrados.
Dos primeiros versos às últimas linhas: Mário de Andrade na trajetória literária de Pedro Nava
Authors: De Souza Valle Neto Júlio
Published: December 2016

Este artigo discute a importância de Mário de Andrade na formação literária de Pedro Nava. Para isso, aborda uma carta de Mário, escrita em 1925, na qual encoraja Nava a privilegiar, em vários sentidos, a diversidade de referências linguísticas brasileiras. Inicialmente bastante preso ao modelo mariodeandradino, Nava irá adotar, cerca de 50 anos depois, uma prática ampliada dessa concepção em suas Memórias. Esse considerável intervalo temporal permite rever, ainda, o alcance de alguns pressupostos do modernismo brasileiro, retomados ou mesmo recriados pela prosa de Nava.
Carmen em perspectiva dialógica: reverberações inquietas de um processo de construção dramatúrgico-performativa no contexto universitário
Authors: Gonçalves Jean Carlos , Gonçalves Michelle Bocchi
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste texto é refletir sobre o processo de construção dramatúrgica do espetáculo Carmen, realizado no contexto da Graduação em Produção Cênica da Universidade Federal do Paraná. As relações com a teoria se estabelecem a partir da perspectiva dialógica que tem na produção intelectual de Bakhtin e o Círculo, sua principal ancoragem. Os resultados apontam para aproximações entre a esfera educacional, o discurso cênico e a consequente mobilização da noção bakhtiniana de relações dialógicas, o que sugere diferentes possibilidades para se pensar a construção dramatúrgica em uma concepção alicerçada no corpo como enunciador e produtor de sentidos.
The Effect of Death on Dissolution of Marriage Contract with Emphasis on Presumed Death
Authors: Ramghani Hasan Mohamadi , Roshan Mohammad , Khah Mohsen Najafi
Published: December 2016

The dissolution of the marriage contract is either intentional or compulsory. The intentional dissolution basically takes place with divorce or termination application. But, the unintentional or compulsory dissolution means a marriage contract is dissolved automatically and without the will of the parties. The most important causes of unintentional dissolution include termination, death, expiration (in temporary marriages) and… which marriage contract can be dissolved by the occurrence of these and some other special causes. One of unintentional marriage dissolution causes is death. Death is divided into three groups of natural death, presumed death and constructive death. Iran's civil law has not pointed directly to constructive death, but beside other categories states its conditions and ordinance. There is no doubt that natural death triggers a marriage contract to be dissolved. There is disagreement among experts of Islamic rules and jurists on this matter if presumed death can dissolve a marriage or not. But, with study of legal rules related to missing person and the effects of the judgment rendered for presumed death, it seems that presumed death can dissolve the marriage contract too. And, the divorce application sets out at article 1029 of Iran's Civil Law relates to an occasion which inheritors have not applied from the court to issue a presumed death judgment.
Dispute Settlement in Iran’s Stock Market
Authors: Ghasemi Omid , Aghamiri Seyed Mohammad
Published: December 2016

Arbitration has long been considered by people to settle disputes. Moreover, due to the specific advantages of this method, it has a particular place in different legal systems and it has been attempted to use it in important contexts, even family disputes. Nowadays, arbitration is a significant alternative to settle disputes in a business context. Exchange is one of the crucial fields of domestic and foreign trade. In this regard, the legislature with the goal of using arbitration advantages such as speed, accuracy and expertise, has considered this method to settle exchanged disputes and introduced a committee called “jury” in Securities Market Act enacted in 2005. But it has imposed criteria and rules that made it distinctive from arbitration. This study aimed to study this committee and clarify its legal nature and jurisdiction.
Good Governance According to Nahjolbalaghe Context
Authors: Saadat Fereshteh Tavakoli , Nia AbdoReza Beigi , Abedi Mohsen , Rahnema Akbar
Published: December 2016

Good Governance has a long history of human thought and has proposed in the works of various thinkers. By examining the different theories, we are going the government agency, Required for sure non-infringement any community of human beings. The thought of Imam Ali also how the rule and governance in an appropriate manner, has been attending. This article has been extracted from Research on noble Nahjolbalaghe and to assess components of governance had paid from the sight of Imam Ali. Using content analysis, Statements related to governance derived from Nahjolbalaghe and then encrypt the data and using the software SPSS, the data have been analyzing. The final study Extraction and compilation of eleven components: The rule of law, Justice, and Anti-oppression, equality, participation, Self-regulatory Instead of monitoring people, preparing the groundwork to move people toward God, Clarifying public opinion, preparation for a healthy and dynamic economy, manage life’s value of a poor class of Society, Social security and accountability to God and the people. These are Indicators that Imam Ali believed are required for "Good governance" in the society.
Ideological Relationship between Neo-Conservative Government of George W. Bush and Israeli Government
Authors: Shahabi Rouhollah , Mashoori Alireza
Published: December 2016

United States and Israel despite all the alliances and relationships among governments, has a special relationship. Various factors are United States of America support and help Israel and its special status of the country for America in particular was in Bush period. Political, economic and geographical factors..., which resulted Israel had special and unique place in the foreign policy of the United States. However, the role of religion and ideology in this relationship and its impact on support for Israel not ignored. George Bush is a Christian believes in his speeches frequently uses religious concepts. He argues that had a regular communication with God and takes over on a divine mission. This Bush’s religious beliefs is where express the support for Israel in the form of religious Evangelical and word concepts. Bush knows support for Israel as God intention and had a religious and apocalyptic view to Israel. The Bush administration formed the neoconservatives who tend much more support Israel. Ideological affinity George W. The Bush government with Israel is the factor that America political security supports from Israel increased.
Protection of Prisoner’s Human Rights in Prisons through the Guidelines of Rule of Law
Authors: Rouhi Ebad , Dezaki Leila Raisi , Karveh Mahmoud Jalali
Published: December 2016

Punishing the criminals is one of the criminal justice mechanisms to compensation and reparation for victims and society. In this regards some of the punishments are determined by criminal justice systems in every society. Imprisonment is one of these penalties which specified in this regard and through this punishment the convicted persons are detained in prison. However, the guilty is sentenced to prison and restriction of his or her liberties, but she or he has fundamental rights and freedoms that must be protected even if in prison and has the right to how to be punished. All of these rights and freedoms are protected by the rule of law. This issue means that how to be punished is restricted under the definite principles which have to be exercised when the retribution and punishment is ongoing. This matter of criminal law and criminal justice is considered as right on how to be punished. The area of this right and authority of prison’s heads and its personnel is determined by law. In order to do that and protection of prisoner’s human rights and regulating manner with them and also for prison management, the rule of law provided a set of guidelines. According to these guidelines prison is managed in the legal framework as well as in this context the prisoner’s rights are protected effectively. These guidelines are provided in some of international legal instruments. This article investigates these guidelines and in respect of their human rights aspects which related to the environmental, educational, management, health care, personnel and humanistic dimensions of imprisonment these guidelines and instructions are studied and analyzed.
Realization of Human Security in Light of Good Governance
Authors: Samadi Maedeh , Mirabbassi Seyyed Bagher
Published: December 2016

Support of human rights and the appearance of “human security” issue in the new system of international law as a newfangled concept, has led to a change in traditional outlook towards security. In the present paper beside taking into consideration the concept of security in Realist and Liberal Perspectives, the developmental performance of the state regarding enforcement of rules (as the first serious addressee of providing and guaranteeing human rights in international rights system) from national security with a focus on human security in the context of good governance was considered as well. The primary objective of the study was to understand the effect of good governance on human security realization. In such a way that states would be able to increase the coefficient of human security provision and guaranty by changing the method of governance in their territory. Also, reforming the governance structure besides taking steps to strengthen individuals in the face of human insecurity is also a coherent approach to providing a helpful background for civil society.
Rule of Law and Its Guidelines and Indicators for Judiciary in Human Rights Issues
Authors: Rouhi Ebad , Dezaki Leila Raisi , Karveh Mahmoud Jalali
Published: December 2016

The rule of law is one of the very polemical and controversial concepts in the field of public law and political thoughts. This concept has been acclaimed in both international and domestic level and can be observed in the practice of the United Nations and many of states practically. In the light of the principle of the rule of law at the meantime ruling by law can be strengthened and also security and peace, development, democracy and human rights can be protected and promoted. The rule of law and human rights as two concepts with mutually interacting to each other has noteworthy great importance. An independent and impartial judiciary such as linkage has an important role in strengthening both of them.Human rights, separation of powers and judicial independence are regarded as some basis of the rule of law and as well as its consequence. Thus, in this regard rule of law has p very guidelines and indicators which some of them related to the judicial systems of states. In the light of exercise of these guidelines human rights are better protected and promoted.These instructions and guidelines generally are provided in international and regional human rights instruments to enforce in every sector of the state and especially for judges and judicial power to protection and promotion of human rights. This article investigates the relationship between rule of law and judicial system to introduce some measures and indicators of the rule of law to enforce them in the judiciary for better protection and promotion of human rights.
Microfungi of the Tatra Mountains. Part 7. Correction of some data from herbaria and the literature
Authors: Kozłowska Monika , Mułenko Wiesław , Bacigálová Kamila , Wołczańska Agata , Świderska-Burek Urszula , Pluta Magdalena
Published: December 2016

The Tatra Mts are located on the border of two countries – Poland and Slovakia. It is a unique, extremely geobotanically-differentiated region, protected by law and listed on the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve List as an internationally recognized area. Due to the high nature values of the Tatra Mts, varied research, including mycological, has been intensively conducted on this area for many years. The first data on the microscopic fungi of the Tatras comes from to the second half of the nineteenth century and spans more than 150 years. Currently, the critical list of microfungi is being prepared concerning species published up to date from the whole Tatra range (the Polish and Slovakian parts), and also the adjacent areas. During detailed study of the available mycological literature, many erroneous citations of the original data or incorrect interpretations of these records were noted. Often, this faulty data was also reproduced in subsequent publications.

The aim of this study was to correct some of the data published in the cited literature. In the paper, 68 fungal species were mentioned, including 29 species of Ascomycota and 39 species of Basidiomycota. Additionally, some information about the plants – the fungal hosts – has also been corrected.
Fertility and breast cancer
Authors: Kufel-Grabowska Joanna
Published: December 2016

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females worldwide. The mean age of breast cancer patients is > 60 yrs old, and it is
seldom found in women < 40 yrs old (6.5%) and in very young women < 35 yrs old (0.6%).
In young females, fertility and all its aspects are an additional therapeutic challenge. Before initiating treatment, the oncologist should offer effective contraception to be applied throughout the therapy, bearing in mind that fertility preservation is of utmost importance. When it comes to breast cancer in pregnancy, the attending physician should use a therapy which is safe for both the mother and the foetus.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and immunotherapy can, to a lesser or greater degree, damage the ovarian function resulting in amenorrhea in women < 50 yrs (33–76%). However, owing to fertility preservation strategies, more and more pregnancies are successful, even in breast cancer survivors.
Invasive fungal infection in an acute myeloid leukaemia patient
Authors: Szczepańska Magdalena , Charliński Grzegorz
Published: December 2016

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are one of the most severe complications of treatment in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) that are diagnosed during the myelosuppression period following intensive chemotherapy. Due to a high mortality rate reaching up to 30–70%, IFI require an adequate prevention, and once an active infection is diagnosed – a rapid diagnosis and an effective antifungal therapy. Modern therapy models are based on expensive treatment regimens and are often associated with long-term hospitalization and the need for intensive supportive treatment.
Long-term survival of a young patient after multi-disciplinary treatment of initially inoperable stomach cancer with metastases to the liver and visceral lymph node
Authors: Zakrzewska Iwona
Published: December 2016

This paper reports on a 5-year survival of a 30-year-old male patient initially diagnosed with inoperable stomach cancer with metastases to the liver and the visceral lymph node. The systemic treatment regimen (8 cycles of DCF chemotherapy) resulted in an almost complete regression and enabled implementation of a radical resection of the stomach along with the spleen. Eight months into the treatment, the disease progressed producing several metastatic lesions to the liver. The patient received second-line palliative chemotherapy (4 cycles of EOX) which led to a significant reduction of the lesions. This enabled hepatic metastasectomy. The patient has remained in remission for 3 years.
Non-pegylated doxorubicin plus capecitabine as first-line treatment in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Plecka Piotr
Published: December 2016

Purpose: To determine the toxicity and efficacy profile of non-pegylated doxorubicin in combination with capecitabine administered
according to LipAX regimen.

Materials and methods: The analysis included 5 female patients undergoing first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer. Patients received non-pegylated doxorubicin intravenously and oral capecitabine at usual doses used for monotherapy, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Results: Patients received a total of 26 complete treatment cycles according to LipAX regimen. During treatment, 15 toxicities occurred, including 7 adverse events with grade 3 severity. Only two haematological toxicities were observed, and the other 13 were of a non-haematological nature. Only one patient experienced no adverse events. Apart from symptomatic treatment, the capecitabine dose was reduced twice and the non-pegylated doxorubicin once. Positive clinical outcomes were observed in 4 patients, and disease progression was reported in the case of 1 patient in the course of the treatment. The median time to disease progression was 10.4 months, and the median overall survival was 34.2 months. During the 54-month follow-up, 4 of the patients died. The surviving patient continues treatment.

Conclusions: Therapy according to the LipAX regimen was relatively well tolerated, however, since the majority of patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events, and not disease progression, an adequate reduction in the cytostatic doses should be considered. The use of the LipAX regimen may contribute to the achievement of long-term remission in some patients, a fact that encourages further studies on this form of therapy.
Complications of palliative antiangiogenic therapy in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Domagała-Haduch Małgorzata , Jasiówka Marek , Nowak Łukasz , Cedrych Ida
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Bevacizumab is an antiangiogenic drug used in the therapy of numerous solid tumours including colorectal adenocarcinoma. The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab has been demonstrated in many multicenter clinical trials. The scope of this paper is to analyze the safety profile of bevacizumab in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer.

Aim of the study: Analysis of toxicity and safety of the treatment with bevacizumab patients with colorectal cancer in the metastatic stage.

Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of 42 patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated in the Department of Systemic and Generalized Malignancies, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, in the period 2007–2014.

Results: The median time of treatment with bevacizumab was 6 months. The median duration of progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.5 months. Toxicity of treatment with bevacizumab affected 43 percent of patients. The most common adverse events observed was hypertension and bleeding. In 6 patients (14.3%) the treatment with bevacizumab was interrupted due to adverse events (thromboembolic events, bleeding and gastrointestinal perforation).

Conclusions: Bevacizumab is a safe therapeutic option in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, provided that patients are provided close oncological and general medical monitoring.
“Você não é piedoso” - A Piedade Cristã e o desafio do Humanismo: breve ensaio a propósito de um texto clássico de Lucien Febvre sobre Lutero (e Erasmo).
Authors: Cavalcante Ronaldo de Paula
Published: December 2016

A piedade cristã fez um longo percurso histórico, desde a antiguidade, com base no judaísmo e no diálogo com a filosofia grega. De certa forma a Idade Média estabelece uma ruptura parcial com esse patrimônio. Lutero, formado nessa tradição medieval, porém iluminado por suas recentes experiências pessoais, relativiza o cerimonialismo que se formou na cristandade e sublinha, por um lado, sobretudo, a soberania e majestade de Deus, e por outro, a miséria humana, redimida somente pela graça divina. Erasmo igualmente rejeita boa parte do medievo e escolástica, porém, propõe como caminho de salvação a educação como formação do caráter cristão. Em dado momento, os dois gênios, que possuíam uma simpatia mútua, não puderam mais impedir que se manifestassem as diferenças das propostas. Lucien Febvre enfrenta a tarefa discutir o encontro entre a dignidade divina (Lutero) e a dignidade humana (Erasmo) que nós aqui retomamos em forma de ensaio.
Por uma catequese mais pneumatológica: o terceiro paradigma catequético formulado por Denis Villepelet
Authors: Carmo Solange Maria
Published: December 2016

Vivemos tempos de redescoberta da ação do Espírito, exigindo da catequese novos contornos, especialmente no que diz respeito à teologia que ela transmite e à pedagogia que a caracteriza. O catequeta francês, Denis Villepelet, propõe um terceiro paradigma catequético, nascido das exigências próprias do tempo presente, mais comumente chamado de pós-modernidade. Sua catequese pneumatoderivada se distingue bem da catequese teoderivada do primeiro paradigma – formulado a partir do modelo da cristandade e reafirmado em Trento – e da catequese cristoderivada do segundo paradigma – formulado a partir de princípios da modernidade e reafirmado no Vaticano II. Para compor o terceiro paradigma, Villepelet pensa as bases sociológicas, antropológicas, eclesiológicas, teológicas e pedagógicas da catequese. Mas uma catequese mais pneumatológica, por não estar ainda bem definida e trazer algumas novidades que obrigam a romper com paradigmas anteriores, pode causar estranhezas, levantando suspeitas sobre sua pertinência teológico-pastoral. Por isso, torna-se fundamental avaliar os ganhos e os riscos que esse paradigma pode trazer para o ato catequético.
O Espírito Santo e o cuidado na Igreja
Authors: Souza José Neivaldo de
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste ensaio é refletir sobre a relação Espírito Santo e o cuidado na Igreja. A Bíblia apresenta esta trajetória na organização e libertação de um povo: em primeiro lugar através da lei e os profetas; depois, por meio do Messias e, por último, pela missão da Igreja. Espírito e cuidado se encontram nas metáforas da eleição, do Messias, da maternidade e da inspiração. Estas metáforas unem os dois testamentos e trata da reciprocidade entre Deus e seu povo. A obra de Deus é revelada e comunicada, através do cuidado, pelo Espírito Santo. A Igreja, seguindo as orientações bíblicas, e à luz do mesmo Espírito, busca discernir os sinais da salvação. No Primeiro Testamento podem-se perceber seus sinais na formulação e cumprimento das leis, na expressão dos Cânticos e dos Salmos e também nas pregações dos profetas. No Segundo Testamento ele é testemunhado nos evangelhos e, de forma particular, na pessoa de Jesus Cristo, através de sua vida. A obra de Deus é revelada e comunicada, através do cuidado, pelo Espírito Santo. A Igreja, seguindo as orientações bíblicas, e à luz do mesmo Espírito, busca discernir os sinais da salvação. Nesta orientação o objetivo desta reflexão é apresentar a trajetória do Espírito Santo que se manifesta enquanto cuidado.

 
Filosofia da Religião e Ciência da Religião: breves incursões em diálogo com Schleiermacher
Authors: Oliveira Davison Schaeffer de
Published: December 2016

A questão da relação sistemática entre Filosofia da Religião e Ciência da Religião permanece até hoje controvertida, mesmo considerando possíveis pontos de convergência. Tais controvérsias orientam, explícita ou implicitamente, a seleção dos autores que são considerados clássicos para a área científica da religião. Este é o caso, por exemplo, da difusa recepção da obra de Schleiermacher (1768-1834), um proeminente pensador da religião do século XIX cujo lugar entre o rol dos pioneiros nas pesquisas científicas da religião continua sendo objeto de discórdia para os especialistas. Não obstante, dificilmente se compreende a trajetória das teorias da religião desenvolvidas nos últimos dois séculos desconsiderando a mudança paradigmática que Schleiermacher inaugurou. Neste artigo, propomos expor de maneira concisa sua Filosofia da Religião, a fim de justificar o porquê de sua importância ora reivindicada, e como seu programa epistemológico forneceu um modelo original e inovador para o estudo da religião em sua época, cuja metodologia deixou marcas indeléveis para as investigações filosóficas e científicas da religião. 
Deus e a Religião em Fisósofos Pós-modernos
Authors: Queiroz José J.
Published: December 2016

O tema desta Comunicação é a religião em filósofos pós-modernos tendo como pano de fundo o debate sobre a pós-modernidade. Por isso, como objetivo preliminar, aborda-se a questão da pós-modernidade assumindo uma posição entre a simples aceitação e a recusa cabal da condição pós-moderna na atualidade. Nesta arena polêmica, focalizam-se importantes filósofos pós-modernos, apontando suas contribuições para um novo pensar sobre a religião hoje. O caminho ou método é a ida a alguns textos selecionados desses autores buscando uma leitura interpretativa dos seus discursos sobre Deus, a religião e o sagrado.  Conclui-se que o pós-moderno não é uma nova era suplantando a modernidade, mas se constitui de temas novos caminhando à margem e amiúde em direção oposta aos parâmetros modernos. Estes temas se fazem presentes em vários campos do saber e do agir humano, inclusive na teologia e na ciência da religião, e o pensamento dos três autores implica um novo pensar sobre a religião na atualidade. Sobre a posição acerca da religião do filósofo mais focalizado, Jacques Derrida, o texto é ainda embrionário, pois integra uma pesquisa em andamento.
Os antropólogos e a religião. Resenha
Authors: Almeida Tatiane Aparecida de
Published: December 2016

Livro

MARY, André. Os antropólogos e a religião. Trad. Lúcia Mathilde Endlich Orth. São Paulo: Ideias e Letras, 2014. ISBN 978-85-6589-369-5                       

Este livro é de autoria do antropólogo francês André Mary que é também professor da EHESS, diretor de pesquisa no CNRS na França, redator-chefe  da revista Archives des Sciences Sociales des Religions desde o ano de 2005 e é autor de outros livros, por exemplo, Le Bricolage Africain des Héros Chrétiens (2000), no qual o autor demonstra seus conhecimentos acadêmicos em relação à religiosidade africana. 
Drosaico, Marianorum iudice
Authors: Đekić Đorđe , Pavlović Miloš
Published: December 2016

The paper tries to provide an answer to a question why a ruler of the Narentines was called a judge. When making a comparison between Drosaico and other occurrences of the title of judge at that time, it can be concluded that none of them was authorised to lead foreign policy. Such right was solely the ruler's one. While researching why a ruler had a title of a judge, an interpretation suggests that at that time the ruler also became the supreme judge in the state and that that judicial authority was the most prominent one, hence the title. That information can be put into relation to the monk Simeon's, the erstwhile a great mayor, Stefan Nemanja, Hilandar Charter where Rad's and George's judicature were mentioned. That meant that in this case the process of providing peace shifted from the social community to the Vlach elders as their supreme judges. However, it did not mean that the rulers or the Vlach elders adjudicated disputes but that they became the highest judicial instance.
Antunin family Gradojević - Bratutović from Dubrovnik, originally from Trebinje
Authors: Pekić Radmilo
Published: December 2016

This work shows the historical development of one of many city families in Dubrovnik which, according to Dubrovnik genealogies, during the middle ages arrived from Serbian countries. The focus is on the family Gradojević - Bratutović, whose founder moved from Trebinje, from Dukats of St. Sava to Dubrovnik in the thirties of the 15th century and soon became full-fledged citizen of Dubrovnik. The founder of the family, Bratut Gradojević was a clothier, he produced and sold clothes. He cooperated with other traders and his business was creditworthy. As a prominent merchant, he gained fortune and became a member of prominent Antunin association, which gathered the richest class of citizenry from Dubrovnik. His descendants proceeded with the same practice and thus enlarged family capital. Apart from Dubrovnik, family members also owned land in Primorje in the settlement of Visočani. They had possession in Konavle where they grew various cereals. Family Gradojević - Bratutović lasted over 200 years in Dubrovnik. This family derived a prominent dragoman Vicko Bratutović, an excellent expert of oriental languages, who worked as an interpreter for emperor Ferdinand III. Later he worked on the Spanish court where his life ended.