bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administration of Alphitobius diaperinus or Tenebrio molitor before meals transiently increases food intake through enterohormone regulation in female rats
Authors: Miguéns‐Gómez Alba , Sierra‐Cruz Marta , Segú Helena , Beltrán‐Debón Raúl , Rodríguez‐Gallego Esther , Terra Ximena , Blay Maria Teresa , Pérez‐Vendrell Anna Maria , Pinent Montserrat , Ardévol Anna
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

It has been previously shown that acutely administered insect Alphitobius diaperinus protein increases food intake in rats and modifies the ex vivo enterohormone secretory profile differently than beef or almond proteins. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether these effects could be maintained for a longer period and determine the underlying mechanisms.

RESULTS

We administered two different insect species to rats for 26 days and measured food intake at different time points. Both insect species increased food intake in the first week, but the effect was later lost. Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) and ghrelin were measured in plasma and ex vivo, and no chronic effects on their secretion or desensitization were found. Nevertheless, digested A. diaperinus acutely modified GLP‐1 and ghrelin secretion ex vivo.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that increases in food intake could be explained by a local ghrelin reduction acting in the small intestine. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Protective effects of Capsicum fruits and their constituents on damage in TNF‐α‐stimulated human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Jang Leeseul , Choi Jungwon , Lee Sullim , Lee Sanghyun
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

Antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of natural products on skin cells have been proved to be effective in improving skin damage. Capsicum species contain capsaicinoids that have antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, and various subspecies are cultivated. In this study, the effects of four Capsicum fruits and major constituents on oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions were measured using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to verify their effects on skin damage.

RESULTS

The inhibitory effects of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by cucumber hot pepper, red pepper (RDP), Shishito pepper (SSP), and Cheongyang pepper were determined in HDFs. RDP and SSP inhibited the production of NO, ROS, and PGE2 in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐stimulated HDFs. Additionally, SSP seeds restored tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and decreased procollagen I α1 (COLIA1). In high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of the capsaicinoids capsaicin (CAP) and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), CAP was detected at a higher level than DHC in the peel and seeds of all four types of Capsicum fruits, and the total amount of capsaicinoids was the highest in SSP. CAP and DHC, which are major constituents of Capsicum fruits, also inhibited NO, ROS, and PGE2 and restored matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and procollagen I α1.

CONCLUSION

RDP and SSP were shown to have a significant protective effect on skin damage, including oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and reduction of collagens. Capsaicinoids CAP and DHC were proved as active constituents. This research may provide basic data for developing Capsicum fruits as ingredients to improve skin damage, such as inflammation and skin aging. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Predictive Outcomes of Deep Learning Measurement of the Anterior Glottic Angle in Bilateral Vocal Fold Immobility
Authors: DeVore Elliana Kirsh , Adamian Nat , Jowett Nate , Wang Tiffany , Song Phillip , Franco Ramon , Naunheim Matthew Roberts
Published: November 2022

Objective

(1) To compare maximum glottic opening angle (anterior glottic angle, AGA) in patients with bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI), unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) and normal larynges (NL), and (2) to correlate maximum AGA with patient‐reported outcome measures.

Methods

Patients wisth BVFI, UVFI, and NL were retrospectively studied. An open‐source deep learning‐based computer vision tool for vocal fold tracking was used to analyze videolaryngoscopy. Minimum and maximum AGA were calculated and correlated with three patient‐reported outcomes measures.

Results

Two hundred and fourteen patients were included. Mean maximum AGA was 29.91° (14.40° SD), 42.59° (12.37° SD), and 57.08° (11.14° SD) in BVFI (N = 70), UVFI (N = 70), and NL (N = 72) groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Patients requiring operative airway intervention for BVFI had an average maximum AGA of 24.94° (10.66° SD), statistically different from those not requiring intervention (p = 0.0001). There was moderate negative correlation between Dyspnea Index scores and AGA (Spearman r = −0.345, p = 0.0003). Maximum AGA demonstrated high discriminatory ability for BVFI diagnosis (AUC 0.92, 95% CI 0.81–0.97, p < 0.001) and moderate ability to predict need for operative airway intervention (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.64–0.89, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

A computer vision tool for quantitative assessment of the AGA from videolaryngoscopy demonstrated ability to discriminate between patients with BVFI, UVFI, and normal controls and predict need for operative airway intervention. This tool may be useful for assessment of other neurological laryngeal conditions and may help guide decision‐making in laryngeal surgery.

Level of Evidence

III Laryngoscope, 133:2285–2291, 2023
Characteristics of Orbital Injuries Associated with Maxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Eng James F. , Younes Sami , Crovetti Brielle R. , Williams Katherine J. , Haskins Angela D. , Hernandez David J. , Yen Michael T. , Olson Krista L. , Allen Richard C. , Sivam Sunthosh K.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The incidence of ocular injury associated with maxillofacial trauma remains poorly defined, with reported rates ranging from 0.8% to 92%. Our study aims to more accurately characterize ocular injuries associated with midface fractures.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 1677 patients from 2015 to 2020 with midface fractures at a Level I trauma center. Isolated nasal bone and frontal process of the maxilla fractures were excluded. Demographic information, mechanism of injury, need for surgery, and ophthalmologic findings were documented. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS.

Results

773 patients between the ages of 15 and 92 were identified. Trauma most commonly resulted from assault (63.8%). The association between the mechanism of injury and ocular injury was statistically significant (p = 0.003), with 78.6% of gunshot wounds and 44.3% of assault patients having an ocular injury. The Ophthalmology service evaluated 62.6% of cases preoperatively. Minor ocular injury occurred in 36% of patients, including 46.1% of isolated orbital floor, and 28.2% of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. Major ocular injury occurred in 10.5% of patients.

Conclusions

Over 10% of patients with midface fractures were found to have major ocular injuries. Ophthalmologic exams should be performed for all patients with midface fractures to guide clinical decision making and prevent further intraoperative ocular insults.

Level of Evidence

Level 4. This study represents a retrospective cohort study analyzing ocular injuries detected in patients presenting to a Level I trauma center with maxillofacial fractures between 2015 and 2020 Laryngoscope, 133:1624–1629, 2023
The impact of environmental regulation on executive turnover: Evidence from listed Chinese manufacturing companies
Authors: Zhang Bingqian , Chu Xiaoxiao , Geng Hong
Published: November 2022

This study explores the impact of environmental regulation on executive turnover based on a panel of A‐share listed companies in the Chinese manufacturing industry. Its findings indicate that the stricter the environmental regulation, the more likely it is to lead to executive turnover in the current period. The findings further show that environmental regulation has a significant negative effect on firm performance; that firm performance has a significant mediating effect between environmental regulation and executive turnover; and that in terms of firm heterogeneity, the above pattern is not significant in manufacturing state‐owned enterprises but is significant in manufacturing non‐state‐owned enterprises.
Dynamic analysis of neural signal based on Hodgkin–Huxley model
Authors: Yao Wei , Li Yingchen , Ou Zhihao , Sun Mingzhu , Ma Qiongxu , Ding Guanghong
Published: November 2022

Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Although the efficacy of acupuncture has been widely accepted, the scientific basis behind it is still lack of exploration. Some experimental studies have shown that acupuncture can lead to changes in cell membrane potential, thus affecting the transmission of nerve signals to a certain extent. The change of cell membrane potential mainly depends on a large number of voltage dependent ion channels on the cell membrane. Relevant studies have proved that such voltage dependent ion channels have certain mechanical sensitivity, but the principle is not clear. Based on the theoretical model of cell action potential excitability proposed by Hodgkin–Huxley, taking rat skeletal muscle cell fibers as an example, this paper makes a rough stability analysis of the nonlinear system, explores the conditions of repeated discharge of cell membrane, and simulates the law of cell membrane potential frequency variation under different stimulating currents by numerical calculation. Based on the results of numerical simulation, we propose a hypothesis: Mechanical stimulation will produce a certain amount of stimulating current on the cell membrane, making the cell membrane potential in the state of repeated discharge, so as to block or interfere with the transmission of nerve signals and achieve the analgesic effect and so forth.
Periodic orbit analysis for a delayed model of malicious signal transmission in wireless sensor networks with discontinuous control
Authors: Li Wenjie , Ji Jinchen , Huang Lihong , Cai Zuowei
Published: November 2022

This paper employs a discontinuous temporary immunity control to obtain the periodic orbit for a class of delayed malicious signal transmission model in wireless sensor networks under the framework of differential inclusion. The positivity and boundedness of the solution for the discontinuous system is proved first. Then, by using the Kakutani's fixed point theorem of set‐valued maps, the existence of a periodic orbit is obtained under some assumptions and constraints. Furthermore, the globally exponentially stable
‐periodic orbit is investigated using the Lyapunov functional method. The obtained results can help us better understand the dynamic characteristics of discontinuous delayed systems and have direct applications to the wireless sensor networks for guaranteeing fast response to malicious signals. Finally, the numerical simulations of three examples are given to validate the correctness of the theoretical results.
A multifidelity approach coupling parameter space reduction and nonintrusive POD with application to structural optimization of passenger ship hulls
Authors: Tezzele Marco , Fabris Lorenzo , Sidari Matteo , Sicchiero Mauro , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: November 2022

Nowadays, the shipbuilding industry is facing a radical change toward solutions with a smaller environmental impact. This can be achieved with low emissions engines, optimized shape designs with lower wave resistance and noise generation, and by reducing the metal raw materials used during the manufacturing. This work focuses on the last aspect by presenting a complete structural optimization pipeline for modern passenger ship hulls which exploits advanced model order reduction techniques to reduce the dimensionality of both input parameters and outputs of interest. We introduce a novel approach which incorporates parameter space reduction through active subspaces into the proper orthogonal decomposition with interpolation method. This is done in a multi‐fidelity setting. We test the whole framework on a simplified model of a midship section and on the full model of a passenger ship, controlled by 20 and 16 parameters, respectively. We present a comprehensive error analysis and show the capabilities and usefulness of the methods especially during the preliminary design phase, finding new unconsidered designs while handling high dimensional parameterizations.
Efficient numerical modeling of liquid infusion into a porous medium partitioned by impermeable perforated interlayers
Authors: Moretti Laure , Simacek Pavel , Advani Suresh G.
Published: November 2022

Numerical modeling of flow through porous media and the simulation of liquid flow through orifices, channels and perforated walls, membranes, interlayers find applications in various fields. However, the mesh refinement needed to describe the detail at the scale of orifices within a domain multiple orders of magnitude larger raises numerical challenges. The present work proposes a pragmatic solution to model perforated layers partitioning a large porous media domain using 1D elements to model the holes and connect the 3D elements which represent the porous media. As an illustration, the approach is applied in liquid composite molding processes, and to the processing of large thick panels toughened with perforated interlayers. However, this work could be adopted in numerous fields. The combination of 3D and 1D elements to manage components with different dimensions has been used before, however no proper analysis of the loss of accuracy introduced has been conducted to our knowledge. A systematic parametric study is conducted to quantify the impact of the length of the domain, the number of interlayers, the diameter of the holes and the viscosity of the fluid on the loss of accuracy. Meshing rules and directions are provided to improve the accuracy of the simulations.
Nurses' experiences of person‐centred care planning using video‐conferencing
Authors: Hedqvist Ann‐Therese , Svensson Ann , Larsson Lena G.
Published: November 2022

Aim

The aim was to illuminate how nurses experience person‐centred care planning using video conferencing upon hospital discharge of frail older persons.

Design

Care planning via video conferencing requires collaboration, communication and information transfer between involved parties, both with regard to preparing and conducting meetings. Participation of involved parties is required to achieve a collaborative effort, but the responsibilities and roles of the involved professions are unclear, despite the existence of regulations.

Method

A qualitative content analysis was conducted based on 11 individual semi‐structured interviews with nurses from hospitals, municipalities and primary care in Sweden.

Results

This study provides valuable insights into challenges associated with care planning via video conferencing. The meeting format, that is video conferencing, is perceived as a barrier that makes the interaction challenging. Shortcomings in video technology make a person‐centred approach difficult. The person‐centred approach is also difficult for nurses to maintain when the older person or relatives are not involved in the planning.
Guaranteed cost sampled‐data control for high‐speed train systems
Authors: Tong Dongbing , Tong Yinghao , Chen Qiaoyu , Zhou Wuneng
Published: November 2022

The optimal guaranteed cost sampled‐data control problem is studied for high‐speed train systems. To keep the relative speed and relative displacement of each high‐speed train stable, and ensure the performance level of high‐speed trains at the same time, sufficient conditions are obtained for the optimal guaranteed cost sampled‐data controller of train systems. By the convex optimization method, the minimum upper bound of high‐speed train systems is obtained. At last, two examples are presented to substantiate the correctness of theoretical results.
Preparation of porous biodegradable PLLA with tunable pore size through simple variation of PEG/PLLA‐blend crystallization conditions
Authors: Lai Wei‐Chi , Liau Wen‐Bin , Yang Ling‐Yueh
Published: November 2022

In this study, porous poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) films are prepared via a facile and low‐cost approach using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and solution casting. In contrast to most studies, the PEG/PLLA samples are further processed under different crystallization conditions (i.e., different PLLA crystallization temperatures) before PEG removal. As the PEG is extracted via solvent at higher PLLA crystallization temperatures, the resultant PLLA samples have larger pores. Interconnected fibrillar‐shaped pores are found in all systems, and the fibrillar‐porous structure width is ~150 nm–1.2 μm, as observed via scanning electron microscopy. These pore sizes can be tuned by adjusting the blend composition and crystallization temperature. In addition, PEG/PLLA blends are subjected to hydrolytic degradation analysis according to their crystallization conditions. Higher PLLA crystallization temperature yields higher PLLA crystallinity and larger pores, as well as reduced surface interaction with water. Therefore, the PLLA degradation rate is decreased. The developed PLLA films have potential applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Vedolizumab for pediatric patients with gastrointestinal acute graft‐versus‐host‐disease
Authors: Aldouby Bier Gefen , Zaidman Irina , Dinur Schejter Yael , NaserEddin Adeeb , Stepensky Polina , Even‐Or Ehud
Published: November 2022

Vedolizumab, an anti‐α4β7 integrin monoclonal antibody, impairs homing of T‐cells to the gastrointestinal (GI) endothelium and acts as a gut‐selective anti‐inflammatory agent. Recent reports of the efficacy of vedolizumab in treating lower GI acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) are promising, but experience in children is scarce. We present a cohort of 13 pediatric patients who were treated with vedolizumab for GI aGVHD. Ten of the patients were treated for steroid‐refractory disease, out of which, six suffered from severe (stage 3 or 4) GI disease before the first dose of vedolizumab. In the other three patients, vedolizumab was introduced early in the disease course. Median time between GI GVHD onset to vedolizumab treatment was 23 days (range 7–59 days), with a median of 3 doses (range 1–5) per patient. GI GVHD staging was evaluated at various time points after the first vedolizumab dose, showing improvement in nine of the 13 patients. After a median follow‐up time of 13 months (range 6–34 months), eight patients completely recovered, two had ongoing chronic colitis, and three patients died. During the vedolizumab treatment period, 38 infectious episodes were noted, most of them GI related. The unique activity profile of vedolizumab makes it an appealing treatment option for lower GI aGVHD, but caution for concurrent infections is warranted.
Increasing brain glucose uptake by Gypenoside LXXV ameliorates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of diabetic Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Meng Xiangbao , Zhang Yuan , Li Zongyang , Ma Guoxu , Zhang Xiejun , Zhang Di , Cao Weiwei , Wang Sicen , Cai Qian , Cui Ping , Huang Guodong
Published: November 2022

We have previously reported that Gypenoside LXXV (GP‐75), a novel natural PPARγ agonist isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, ameliorated cognitive deficits in db/db mice. In this study, we further investigated the beneficial effects on cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice and a mouse model of diabetic AD (APP/PS1xdb/db mice). Interestingly, intragastric administration of GP‐75 (40 mg/kg/day) for 3 months significantly attenuated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 and APP/PS1xdb/db mice. GP‐75 treatment markedly reduced the levels of glucose, HbA1c and insulin in serum and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in APP/PS1xdb/db mice. Notably, GP‐75 treatment decreased the β‐amyloid (Aβ) burden, as measured by 11C‐PIB PET imaging. Importantly, GP‐75 treatment increased brain glucose uptake as measured by 18F‐FDG PET imaging. Moreover, GP‐75 treatment upregulated PPARγ and increased phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and GLUT4 expression levels but decreased phosphorylation of IRS‐1 (Ser616) in the hippocampi of both APP/PS1 and APP/PS1xdb/db mice. Furthermore, GP‐75‐induced increases in GLUT4 membrane translocation in primary hippocampal neurons from APP/PS1xdb/db mice was abolished by cotreatment with the selective PPARγ antagonist GW9662 or the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. In summary, GP‐75 ameliorated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 and APP/PS1xdb/db mice by enhancing glucose uptake via activation of the PPARγ/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathways.
Design of Dual Purpose Fe‐metallogel for Magnetic Refrigeration and Fabrication of Schottky Barrier Diode
Authors: Saha Sayan , Pal Baisakhi , Sundar Das Krishna , Kumar Ghose Pradeepta , Ghosh Avik , De Avik , Kumar Das Abhijit , Pratim Ray Partha , Mondal Raju
Published: November 2022

The impetus for the present work was to design multifunctional inorganic materials that can be utilized in their original as‐synthesized state of the matter. Accordingly, we have successfully designed a benzene‐tricarboxylic acid based dual‐purpose Fe‐metallogel that can be used as an efficient material for cryogenic magnetic cooling as well as electronic device fabrication as Schottky barrier diode in their original gel state. The metallogel shows remarkable mechanical strength, self‐sustainability and thixotropic behaviour. The gel sample has been thoroughly characterized using IR, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, AFM techniques, XPS and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The porous nature, which forms the basis of the current gel based MCE study and SBD fabrication, was confirmed with gas sorption data. The porous metallogel network with by‐default entrapped anion and protic solvents of the fabricated electrical device provides an excellent platform for charge transportation with a corroborating conductivity value of 4.53×10−6 Sm−1. As if to complement the notion of multifunctional material, the magnetic studies on the Fe‐gel show significant cryogenic magnetic cooling behaviour. The theoretical result calculated using DFT are found to be highly consistent with the experimental results of the metallogel. Furthermore, we have evaluated the potential of the compound as a fuel cell membrane with detailed proton conductivity measurements on the xerogel, showing an encouraging value of 4.58×10−4 S/cmat 95 % relative humidity and 75 °C temperature.
Getting crafty: Examining social resource crafting's relationship with work engagement and social support
Authors: Watson Gwendolyn Paige , Sinclair Robert R.
Published: November 2022

Social resource crafting is a job crafting strategy in which employees proactively increase their social resources (e.g., feedback from coworkers, coaching from supervisor). We examined social resource crafting's relationships with work‐related social support (perceived supervisor and coworker support) and work engagement. Specifically, as there has been growing interest in understanding resource crafting and work engagement, we investigated the directionality of this relationship. Using a two‐wave study and structural equation modelling, we tested the dual pathways between resource crafting and work engagement as well as resource crafting's relationship with each type of support. The results suggested social resource crafting was associated with higher levels of coworker support—but not supervisor support ‐ over time and supported a unidirectional path from social resource crafting to work engagement. Our findings provide valuable insight into the power employees have to craft their own positive experiences at work.
In Situ Growth of CoP Nanosheet Arrays on Carbon Cloth as Binder‐Free Electrode for High‐Performance Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Yang , Xia Jun , Guan Xianggang , Wei Ziwei , Yu Jiayu , Zhang Shichao , Xing Yalan , Yang Puheng
Published: November 2022

Cobalt phosphide (CoP) is considered as one of the most promising candidates for anode in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its low‐cost, abundant availability, and high theoretical capacity. However, problems of low conductivity, heavy aggregation, and volume change of CoP, hinder its practical applicability. In this study, a binder‐free electrode is successfully prepared by growing CoP nanosheets arrays directly on a carbon cloth (CC) via a facile one‐step electrodeposition followed by an in situ phosphorization strategy. The CoP@CC anode exhibits good interfacial bonding between the CoP and CC, which can improve the conductivity of the integrated electrode. More importantly, the 3D network structure composed of CoP nanosheets and CC provides sufficient space to alleviate the volume expansion of CoP and shorten the electron/ion transport paths. Moreover, the support of CC effectively prevents the agglomeration of CoP. Based on these advantages, when CoP@CC is paired with the NCM523 cathode, the full cell delivers a high discharge capacity 919.6 mAh g−1 (2.1 mAh cm−2) after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. The feasibility and safety of producing pouch cells are also explored, which show good flexibility and safety despite rigorous strikes (mechanical damage and severe deformations), implying a great potential for practical applications.
Effect of reinforcing and crack width on the vibration damping capacity of rubberized concrete beams
Authors: Liu Royce , Palermo Alessandro , Chiaro Gabriele
Published: November 2022

The damping of simply supported rubberized concrete beams was measured and compared against conventional concrete beams in their uncracked and cracked states. The variables controlled were: rubber content (10% and 20% by total volume of aggregates replaced), reinforcing content, axial load, and damage state. Impact hammer‐induced free‐vibration was used to excite the specimens and quasi‐static four‐point bending used to damage the beams. Rubberized concrete displayed a measurable increase in damping relative to ordinary concrete in both the uncracked and cracked states. It was found that reinforcing appears to reduce the damping of all beam specimens in their undamaged state compared to unreinforced counterparts. No relationship was found between reinforcing ratio and damping. For crack widths up to 0.1 mm a non‐linear monotonic increase in damping was observed. Damping measured throughout the entire pushover response of the beams was found to follow a skewed‐shaped bell curve. Compressive axial load was found to reduce the damping of the beams. The shape of the free vibration decay envelopes was examined. Rubber was found to make the damping response more viscous‐like. Whilst reinforcing made the shapes of the decay curves more similar between beams made of different concrete types. No clear evidence for friction damping due to cracking was found. For all beams, based on the free‐vibration response, it was found that the damping exhibited by both plain and reinforced concrete is not a true exponential decay curve. This means that the damping calculated by the logarithmic decrement method will depend on the choice of interval selected. A method for standardizing the implementation of the logarithmic decay method to avoid arbitrary choices of intervals and allow for fairer cross‐study comparison of damping values was therefore proposed.
Single‐cell/nanoparticle trajectories reveal two‐tier Lévy‐like interactions across bacterial swarms
Authors: Sang Yuqian , Wen Xiaodong , He Yan
Published: November 2022

Swarming bacteria can organize themselves into different local communities, ranging from active cell rafts to reticular biofilms. How millions of motile and immotile cells are dynamically linked together and still function as a whole is a critical interdisciplinary issue. Besides biochemical and molecular characterizations, concerns on the microscopic communication mechanisms underlying the complicated microsystem have been largely simplified to biophysics or physical interactions between individual isolated bacteria. Herein, by single‐cell tracking of fluorescent bacteria in the motile cell layer and single‐particle tracking of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the upper fluid layer in different regions across a swarming colony of Bacillus subtilis, we studied collective multibacteria interactions, using the upper fluid as the medium, in detail. While the dynamic properties differ spatially, both cell migrations and AuNP transports in the swarming edge, the intermediate and the biofilm‐like center regions of the colony can be described with the Lévy‐walk‐like superdiffusion model. Moreover, the speed and motion range of the AuNPs are always much smaller than the bacteria, indicating that the intercellular fluid flow alone cannot explain long‐range cell‐to‐cell signaling. Referring to previous literature, we propose the presence of a decentralized two‐tier “active‐mixing” network in the bacterial community for efficient information exchange.
The Challenges of Artificial Judicial Decision-Making for Liberal Democracy
Authors: Winter Christoph K.
Published: November 2022

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) to judicial decision-making has already begun in many jurisdictions around the world. While AI seems to promise greater fairness, access to justice, and legal certainty, issues of discrimination and transparency have emerged and put liberal democratic principles under pressure, most notably in the context of bail decisions. Despite this, there has been no systematic analysis of the risks to liberal democratic values from implementing AI into judicial decision-making. This article sets out to fill this void by identifying and engaging with challenges arising from artificial judicial decision-making, focusing on three pillars of liberal democracy, namely equal treatment of citizens, transparency, and judicial independence. Methodologically, the work takes a comparative perspective between human and artificial decision-making, using the former as a normative benchmark to evaluate the latter.

The chapter first argues that AI that would improve on equal treatment of citizens has already been developed, but not yet adopted. Second, while the lack of transparency in AI decision-making poses severe risks which ought to be addressed, AI can also increase the transparency of options and trade-offs that policy makers face when considering the consequences of artificial judicial decision-making. Suchtransparency of optionsoffers tremendous benefits from a democratic perspective. Third, the overall shift of power from human intuition to advanced AI may threaten judicial independence, and with it the separation of powers. While improvements regarding discrimination and transparency are available or on the horizon, it remains unclear how judicial independence can be protected, especially with the potential development of advanced artificial judicial intelligence (AAJI). Working out the political and legal infrastructure to reap the fruits of artificial judicial intelligence in a safe and stable manner should become a priority of future research in this area.
Contemporary Urban Heterotopias: From Fiction to Reality
Authors: Cotsaftis Olivier
Published: November 2022

The year is now 2021 and more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. But while some are privileged enough to turn a blind eye to the realities of our contemporary world, over a billion are currently living in urban poverty, suffering the consequences of poor housing quality and lack of safe and readily accessible goods and services. Needless to say, all of us are also at the mercy of our unsustainable ways of life. Amidst the dysphoria, however, we must remind ourselves that cities always have been places of cultural and social innovation. From bygone settlements to Arcosanti—an experimental city built on the values of community and environmental accountability—precedents about the alternative are aplenty. What will the equitable and regenerative city of tomorrow look and feel like? How will it function? And how will it succeed? Through developing an understanding of topias and their symbiotic relationship with humanity, this chapter proposes both a vision and an approach towards designing cities suited to twenty-first-century narratives.
Speculations on Time and Space: Or Zeno’s Last Stand
Authors: Doel Marcus A. , Clarke David B.
Published: November 2022

One must speculate within reason, since reason is what extends speculation its line of credit and judges its worth. Consequently, speculation makes a faux pas (false step) when it tries to step beyond or outpace what reason and logic dictate. Speculation must submit itself to all of the correctional facilities that reason has at its disposal for dealing with errant, deviant, and vagrant thoughts. In this context, the paradoxes of Zeno of Elea—‘The Dichotomy,’ ‘Achilles and the Tortoise,’ ‘The Arrow,’ and ‘The Stadium’—have kept philosophers and mathematicians puzzling for over two-and-a-half millennia, and they continue to outstep, outpace, and outsmart both reason and logic. The chapter takes up these immortal paradoxes, as Jorges Luis Borges once called them, in order to argue for the ideality of space and time and the hallucinatory nature of the world. Following in the footsteps of late nineteenth-century and early twentieth century British idealism, especially those of Francis Herbert Bradley (1846–1924) and John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart (1866– 1925), with their particular impression of unreality, Zeno’s paradoxes lead us to the inexplicable nature of reality, and signal the ineluctability of a missed encounter with the real.
Brill-Noether-general limit root bundles: absence of vector-like exotics in F-theory Standard Models
Authors: Bies Martin , Cvetič Mirjam , Donagi Ron , Ong Marielle
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Root bundles appear prominently in studies of vector-like spectra of 4d F-theory compactifications. Of particular importance to phenomenology are the Quadrillion F-theory Standard Models (F-theory QSMs). In this work, we analyze a superset of the physical root bundles whose cohomologies encode the vector-like spectra for the matter representations (3,2)1/6, ($$ \overline{\textbf{3}} $$

3
¯

,1)−2/3 and (1,1)1. For the family B3($$ {\Delta }_4^{{}^{\circ}} $$

∆
4
°

) consisting of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1011) F-theory QSM geometries, we argue that more than 99.995% of the roots in this superset have no vector-like exotics. This indicates that absence of vector-like exotics in those representations is a very likely scenario in the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1011) QSM geometries B3($$ {\Delta }_4^{{}^{\circ}} $$

∆
4
°

).

The QSM geometries come in families of toric 3-folds B3(∆°) obtained from triangulations of certain 3-dimensional polytopes ∆°. The matter curves in XΣ ∈ B3(∆°) can be deformed to nodal curves which are the same for all spaces in B3(∆°). Therefore, one can probe the vector-like spectra on the entire family B3(∆°) from studies of a few nodal curves. We compute the cohomologies of all limit roots on these nodal curves.

In our applications, for the majority of limit roots the cohomologies are determined by line bundle cohomology on rational tree-like curves. For this, we present a computer algorithm. The remaining limit roots, corresponding to circuit-like graphs, are handled by hand. The cohomologies are independent of the relative position of the nodes, except for a few circuits. On these jumping circuits, line bundle cohomologies can jump if nodes are specially aligned. This mirrors classical Brill-Noether jumps. B3($$ {\Delta }_4^{{}^{\circ}} $$

∆
4
°

) admits a jumping circuit, but the root bundle constraints pick the canonical bundle and no jump happens.
Scalar leptoquarks at the LHC and flavour anomalies: a comparison of pair-production modes at NLO-QCD
Authors: Borschensky Christoph , Fuks Benjamin , Jueid Adil , Kulesza Anna
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We analyse scalar leptoquark pair production at the LHC with predictions including t-channel lepton exchange contributions up to next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD. In particular, we calculate NLO-QCD predictions for off-diagonal production channels, i.e. channels that involve two different leptoquark eigenstates and are driven solely by diagrams involving Standard Model leptons in the t-channel at leading order, as opposed to diagonal channels where a pair of the same leptoquark eigenstate is produced. We find that reliable theoretical predictions for both channels require NLO accuracy. The relative importance of the off-diagonal modes depends strongly on the considered scenario. In a generic model involving R2 and S3 leptoquarks, at large values of the Yukawa couplings off-diagonal contributions initiated by valence quarks can be up to an order of magnitude higher than the diagonal production. However, we also find that in phenomenologically viable scenarios addressing the flavour anomalies off-diagonal production is generally negligible, with a few exceptions of 10%–30% of the total rate depending on the treatment of the charm density in the proton.
Island on codimension-two branes in AdS/dCFT
Authors: Hu Peng-Ju , Li Dongqi , Miao Rong-Xin
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The previous studies of the island and double holography mainly focus on codimension-one branes. This paper explores the island on the codimension-two brane in AdS/dCFT. The codimension-two brane is closely related to conical singularity, which is very different from the codimension-one brane. We analyze the mass spectrum of gravitons on the codimension-two brane and find that the larger the brane tension is, the smaller the gravitational mass is. The massless mode is forbidden by either the boundary or normalization conditions. We prove that the first massive gravitational mode is located on the codimension-two brane; the larger the tension, the better the localization. It is similar to the case of codimension-one brane and builds an excellent physical foundation for the study of black hole evolution on codimension-two branes. We find that the Page curve of eternal black holes can be recovered due to the island ending on the codimension-two brane. The new feature is that the extremal surface passing the horizon cannot be defined after some finite time in the no-island phase. Fortunately, this unusual situation does not affect the Page curve since it happens after Page time.
Magnetic quivers and negatively charged branes
Authors: Hanany Amihay , Sperling Marcus
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The Higgs branches of the world-volume theories for multiple M5 branes on an Ak or Dk-type ALE space are known to host a variety of fascinating properties, such as the small E8 instanton transition or the discrete gauging phenomena. This setup can be further enriched by the inclusion of boundary conditions, which take the form of SU(k) or SO(2k) partitions, respectively. Unlike the A-type case, D-type boundary conditions are eventually accompanied by negative brane numbers in the Type IIA brane realisation. While this may seem discouraging at first, we demonstrate that these setups are well-suited to analyse the Higgs branches via magnetic quivers. Along the way, we encounter multiple models with previously neglected Higgs branches that exhibit exciting physics and novel geometric realisations. Nilpotent orbits, Słodowy slices, and symmetric products.
Joint EANM/SNMMI guideline on radiomics in nuclear medicine
Authors: Hatt M. , Krizsan A. K. , Rahmim A. , Bradshaw T. J. , Costa P. F. , Forgacs A. , Seifert R. , Zwanenburg A. , El Naqa I. , Kinahan P. E. , Tixier F. , Jha A. K. , Visvikis D.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this guideline is to provide comprehensive information on best practices for robust radiomics analyses for both hand-crafted and deep learning-based approaches.

Methods

In a cooperative effort between the EANM and SNMMI, we agreed upon current best practices and recommendations for relevant aspects of radiomics analyses, including study design, quality assurance, data collection, impact of acquisition and reconstruction, detection and segmentation, feature standardization and implementation, as well as appropriate modelling schemes, model evaluation, and interpretation. We also offer an outlook for future perspectives.

Conclusion

Radiomics is a very quickly evolving field of research. The present guideline focused on established findings as well as recommendations based on the state of the art. Though this guideline recognizes both hand-crafted and deep learning-based radiomics approaches, it primarily focuses on the former as this field is more mature. This guideline will be updated once more studies and results have contributed to improved consensus regarding the application of deep learning methods for radiomics. Although methodological recommendations in the present document are valid for most medical image modalities, we focus here on nuclear medicine, and specific recommendations when necessary are made for PET/CT, PET/MR, and quantitative SPECT.
Diversity and Bioactivity of Endophytic Actinobacteria Associated with Grapevines
Authors: Kanjanamaneesathian Patanun , Shah Anish , Ridgway Hayley , Jones E. Eirian
Published: November 2022

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a significant problem for New Zealand viticulture. Endophytic actinobacteria are of interest as potential biocontrol agents due to their ability to inhibit plant pathogens and improve plant growth. However, no studies have investigated the diversity of actinobacteria associated with grapevines in New Zealand vineyards and their bioactivity. Actinobacteria diversity in different ‘Sauvignon blanc’ vine tissues from three vineyards (conventional and organic management, and different vine ages) was assessed using different methods and media. Forty-six endophytic actinobacteria were isolated, with more isolates recovered from roots (n = 45) than leaves (n = 1) and shoot internodes (n = 0). More isolates were recovered from the organic (n = 21) than conventional (n = 8) vineyard, mature (25-year old; n = 21) than young (2-year old; n = 2) vines and using a tissue maceration technique (n = 40). Actinomycete Isolation Agar, International Streptomyces Project 2, and Starch Casein media were effective for actinobacteria isolation. Most of the isolates recovered belonged to Streptomyces, with one isolate identified as Mycolicibacterium. Forty isolates were assessed for antifungal activity and plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics. Of these, 13 isolates had antifungal activity against test GTD pathogens (Dactylonectria macrodidyma, Eutypa lata, Ilyonectria liriodendri, Neofusicoccum parvum, and N. luteum). Eighteen isolates exhibited more than one PGP trait; 25siderophore production (n = 25), phosphate solubilization (n = 6), and indole acetic acid production (n = 16). Two strains, Streptomyces sp. LUVPK-22 and Streptomyces sp. LUVPK-30, exhibited the best antifungal and PGP properties. This study revealed the diversity of culturable endophytic actinobacteria from grapevines in New Zealand vineyards and their biocontrol potential against GTD pathogens.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Mathematical Model Simulating the Post-Hepatectomy Hemodynamics Response
Authors: Sala Lorenzo , Golse Nicolas , Joosten Alexandre , Vibert Eric , Vignon-Clementel Irene
Published: November 2022

Recently a lumped-parameter model of the cardiovascular system was proposed to simulate the hemodynamics response to partial hepatectomy and evaluate the risk of portal hypertension (PHT) due to this surgery. Model parameters are tuned based on each patient data. This work focuses on a global sensitivity analysis (SA) study of such model to better understand the main drivers of the clinical outputs of interest. The analysis suggests which parameters should be considered patient-specific and which can be assumed constant without losing in accuracy in the predictions. While performing the SA, model outputs need to be constrained to physiological ranges. An innovative approach exploits the features of the polynomial chaos expansion method to reduce the overall computational cost. The computed results give new insights on how to improve the calibration of some model parameters. Moreover the final parameter distributions enable the creation of a virtual population available for future works. Although this work is focused on partial hepatectomy, the pipeline can be applied to other cardiovascular hemodynamics models to gain insights for patient-specific parameterization and to define a physiologically relevant virtual population.
Participative leadership, ethical climate and responsible innovation perceptions: evidence from South Korea
Authors: Lythreatis Sophie , El-Kassar Abdul-Nasser , Smart Palie , Ferraris Alberto
Published: November 2022

This study explores a novel process linking participative leadership (PL) to responsible innovation (RI) perceptions through ethical climate. It also investigates the moderating role of managerial discretion in this process. Two-wave survey data were collected from employees working for technology firms in South Korea. Findings show that the link between PL and RI perceptions is mediated by ethical climate and that the relationship between ethical climate and RI as well as the indirect relationship between PL and RI are moderated by managerial discretion. This study expands the theoretical research perspective on consequences and mechanisms of PL, uncovers a new driver of ethical climate, expands research on the outcomes of ethical work climates, discovers new antecedents of RI perceptions, and enriches the RI literature by exploring mechanisms and boundary conditions in which RI perceptions are formed within organizations in Asia Pacific, specifically South Korea. This study provides a good approach for managers in Asian countries to follow if they wish to establish positive perceptions of an ethical climate and RI among their employees that are important to achieve organizational success.
Differences in Parenting Behavior are Systematic Sources of the Non-shared Environment for Internalizing and Externalizing Problem Behavior
Authors: Nikstat Amelie , Riemann Rainer
Published: November 2022

Although there is evidence for non-shared environmental links between parenting and problem behavior, so far, age-, informant-, and parent-specific patterns for both internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors have not been examined within one study yet. Using the twin differences design, the present study aimed to test how maternal and paternal parenting systematically act as a source of non-shared environment for problem behavior across different age groups and informants. We examined 1327 monozygotic twin pairs and their parents drawn from three birth cohorts of the German TwinLife study. Our results revealed that particularly child-reported less positive and more negative parenting by both parents contribute significantly to the unique environmental variance of problem behavior, although we did not find a clear pattern across age groups. Our study underlines the necessity of controlling for genetic confounding to uncover the truly environmentally mediated (and thus environmentally influenceable) pathways between parenting and problem behavior. A practical implication could be that it may be useful to primarily consider the child’s perspective and focus on maternal as well as paternal parenting in interventions that address parenting to reduce problem behavior.
The Economics of Biodiversity: Afterword
Authors: Dasgupta Partha
Published: November 2022

This Afterword to The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review discusses (i) the ideas in the Review that have been accepted readily by decision makers and are being put into operation, (ii) those that have been accepted but are judged by decision makers to be unworkable in the contemporary climate, (iii) those that are seen as politically too sensitive even to acknowledge in public.