bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paper Routes: Bleak House , Rubbish Theory, and the Character Economy of Realism
Authors: Chappell Patrick
Published: September 2013

This article argues that in Charles Dickens’s Bleak House there is a deep affiliation between the novel’s management of minor characters and its own mass of discarded and recycled papers--both of which are systems of fluctuating value and visibility. Drawing on Victorian paper and rag recycling practices as well as anthropological theory, I demonstrate how minor characters, including Krook, Nemo, and Jo, embody the dynamic energy of rubbish in their ability to return in newly transformed and figural positions after death. Bleak House thus organizes its character world around a threshold of visibility that, in turn, works to sustain the reader’s experience of surprise and suspense.
The Comparative History of A Tale of Two Cities
Authors: Griffiths Devin
Published: September 2013

This essay examines Charles Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities through the defining historical mode of the nineteenth-century historicism: comparative history. An under-appreciated response to the failure of stadial and progressive accounts to explain the French Revolution, comparative history drew from a range of allied disciplines, including comparative philology, mythology, and anatomy. This investigation tracks comparatist inquiry through a range of nineteenth-century theories of society and nature, and--by addressing the novel’s concern with historiography, secularism, melodrama, alterity, and multiple modernities--locates Dickens’s sensational account of Revolutionary France as a key text in the emergence of comparative history as an independent Victorian discipline.
Reforming the Mystical Body: From Mass to Martyr in John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments
Authors: Rust Jennifer R.
Published: September 2013

While John Foxe’s sixteenth-century work Acts and Monuments is recognized as a foundational text for emergent English national identity, I argue that this document of historical progress actually recapitulates rather than discards earlier religious traditions. Acts and Monuments renovates the social and sacramental concept of corpus mysticum , inherited from the Middle Ages, in Protestant martyrological terms. Both textually and visually, Foxe’s work displaces sacramental theology from Eucharistic celebration to martyrological narrative, producing a reformed English corpus mysticum . This argument reveals how the Tudor political theology of the mystical body perpetuated a communitarian tradition formerly associated with the Catholic Mass.
Feeling Real in Middlemarch
Authors: Star Summer J.
Published: September 2013

This article enters the discussion of nineteenth-century realism and ontology by considering the phenomenology of reality-perception in George Eliot’s Middlemarch . As I show, Eliot’s formal innovations display a persistent concern, allied with contemporary studies of perception, with visual limitation as the defining quality of character reality. Eliot, I argue, creates a distinctly phenomenal realism by suggesting aesthetic reality to be something we designate and engage with through phenomenal as opposed to access consciousness. In this way, I also develop a new account of realist ethics: figuring limitation as the condition of both reality-perception and agency in the realization of self as contingent part.
The Mirror and the Feather: Tragedy and Animal Voice in King Lear
Authors: Clody Michael C.
Published: September 2013

This essay considers King Lear ’s invocation of an animal voice as a mode of expressing the nothingness that contests and eludes speech. I argue that the imitation of animal voice, in its resistance of the play’s representative frame, offers an experience of a positive negativity that radicalizes Cordelia’s inexpressible love and effectively indicts the construction of discursive meaning. At this thematic ground zero, I contend that King Lear not only explores the porous boundary between man and animal but also depicts a tragic vision that arises from the tension between linguistic meaning and inarticulate grief.
History After Waterloo: Margaret Oliphant Reads Walter Scott
Authors: Michie Elsie
Published: September 2013

In Margaret Oliphant’s Kirsteen , the novels of Walter Scott teach individuals how to respond emotionally to the Napoleonic Wars. But such romance narratives are unable to represent Britain’s colonial activities with the same specificity as the European theater of war. As the novel moves beyond Waterloo, Oliphant corrects for this by privileging the prehistory of narrative over its conclusions. This temporal reorientation allows her to point to colonial events that are occluded when British history is conceived as a triumphal romance, and to evoke the process by which narratives--instead of moving toward designated ends--ceaselessly reshape themselves beyond all expectations.
Surrealism’s Secret Societies
Authors: Earle Jason
Published: September 2013

This article examines the complicated ways in which the avant-garde intersects with secret societies in some of the foundational texts of surrealism. Rather than a mere fantasy, the model of the secret society helps articulate a theory and practice of the group, with the manifesto serving as an almost paradoxical vehicle for declaring the renewal of an occult and hermetic tradition. In invoking the political mythology of secret societies to define itself as a revolutionary movement, surrealism simultaneously opens itself up to the critique that it represents an outdated form of aesthetics and politics.
A History of Aristocracies: Old and New Avant-Gardisms in Poggioli and Marinetti
Authors: Bru Sascha , Van den Bossche Bart
Published: September 2013

This essay offers a close reading of Renato Poggioli’s classic The Theory of the Avant-Garde , tracing more specifically the influence of Vilfredo Pareto’s sociology on Poggioli’s analysis of the early twentieth-century avant-gardes. Poggioli developed an approach to literary and cultural history based on Pareto in earlier work. By reading his Theory in tandem with that earlier work, we suggest that Poggioli’s classic book points not so much to the innovative and innovating aspects of the avant-garde, as to the deeply conservative and ’aristocratic’ roots of avant-gardism. Turning to the early work and career of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, which were firmly rooted in the field of French literature, we explore certain inconsistencies and problems in Poggioli’s challenging Theory.
Introduction: Beyond the Novelty Effect
Authors: Baetens Jan , Trudel Éric
Published: September 2013

Literary history is no longer dominated by the model of the “tradition of innovation” and by the belief that literary changes can be explained with the help of the sole tension between old and new. The articles assembled here offer a detailed look at what happened during the Modernist period (the first half of the twentieth century), demonstrating that more complex mechanisms are at work, which in turns helps to make literary history understandable in more heterogeneous terms.
Le Pas de côté de la flanc-garde : La Nouvelle Revue française
Authors: Lacroix Michel
Published: September 2013

Ni avant-garde, ni arrière-garde, La Nouvelle Revue française a maintenu une suspicion constante envers toute conception ou affirmation univoque, et opposé ses “amitiés littéraires” au modèle communautaire des avant-gardes qui lui étaient voisines. En ce sens, la NRF est emblématique d’une autre histoire de la modernité littéraire. Cet article souhaite s’inscrire dans la foulée des travaux de Peter Bürger, mais en insistant plus explicitement sur les pratiques de sociabilité littéraire, tout en soulignant l’importance du rôle de la critique pour cette “flanc-garde” littéraire que fut la NRF , et qui se tint résolument en marge du grand récit de la “tradition des ruptures.”
Georges Bataille’s Classical Modernism
Authors: Richman Michèle
Published: September 2013

Following decades of association with a style gauchi , the work of Georges Bataille has emerged as exemplar of le classique moderne . What do the markers of classical language and style signify in the context of his radically innovative fictional works? Bataille’s contention is that modern writing remains in the thrall of past emotions that are inseparable from the modes of expression it inherits. By invoking ancien régime artifice, classical tournures de-naturalize the erotic provocations of the text while relaying an emotive charge. As this article shows, the disconcerting effect of classical references must also be located within a broader paradigm of techniques of interruption. Such disruptions include cries – the expression of an archaic poetic sensibility identified here in the continuum forged between Racinian moments of L’Expérience intérieure and the avant-garde ambition for a universal language.
Raymond Roussel, trésors antiques dans un cadre design
Authors: Houppermans Sjef
Published: September 2013

Si Roussel reste un auteur énigmatique qui a intrigué chaque génération d’auteurs venant après lui, c’est peut-être en partie à cause de la position ambivalente qu’il occupe entre tradition et modernité. Après avoir situé cette problématique dans un contexte historique, nous examinerons de plus près l’influence qu’a pu exercer sur l’auteur la lecture assidue de son dictionnaire préférée, le Bescherelle (dans son édition de 1846). En effet, c’est au cœur de ce trésor que se tissent les fables exemplaires réunissant l’infinie diversité de la langue.
Artaud, l’hérétique
Authors: Philippe Maxime
Published: September 2013

La figure de l’hérétique, qui se situe simultanément à la marge de la tradition et de la modernité, permet de penser la diversité des avant-gardes. Cet article propose une lecture de l’œuvre d’Antonin Artaud en tant qu’hérétique. L’auteur revient sur les rapports qu’Artaud a entretenus avec le surréalisme et montre comment ce dernier s’est non seulement posé en tant que critique de l’expérience surréaliste, mais que sa pratique théâtrale en a aussi redéfini le projet révolutionnaire.
Global Violence Against Women as a National Security "Emergency"
Authors: Mason Corinne L.
Published: September 2013

This article analyzes the way that global violence against women is presented as a national security emergency in the United States. In the post-9/11 era, women's issues, including violence against women, have become central in American foreign aid and policy objectives. In particular, American national security, including the threat of terrorism, is now casually connected to gender inequalities abroad. This article investigates the implications of state-based strategies to end violence against women as a means to eradicate national security threats. Using the concept of a "development and in/security nexus," the article explores what has been branded "The Hillary Doctrine" to denote Hillary Clinton's promotion of women's rights during her tenure as Secretary of State alongside the proposed US International Violence Against Women Act in order to assess the impact of "doing" security and "doing" development within anti-violence strategies. The current US foreign policy focus on global violence against women functions to "genderwash" American foreign interests and facilitates the securitization and militarization of programs designed to end violence at the expense of women's well-being.
Brothers, Fathers, Terrorists: Masculine Assemblages in Glenn Beck's Rhetoric of US-Israel Unity Post-9/11
Authors: Chevrette Roberta , Braverman Lisa C.
Published: September 2013

Through rhetorical analysis of Glenn Beck's keynote at the Christians United for Israel (CUFI) Summit in Washington, D.C., and his subsequent "Restoring Courage" rally in Israel, this article examines the construction of a gendered and militarized "state of emergency" in which Israel and the United States stand together as brothers against their enemies in the modern era. In this discursive and political formation, Israel is constructed as a site of perpetual persecution, while anxieties about US global dominance are (mis)placed within its borders. This constructed emergency generalizes the nuances of Palestinian and Israeli experiences, while homogenizing Palestinians into a gendered and racialized terrorist Other. Offering a theorization of masculine assemblages, the authors analyze how, in the post-9/11 security state, the unification of US-Israeli interests is articulated through multiple interlocking discourses of masculinity. Through careful deconstruction of the masculine assemblages that bind together this epistemological and geo-political formation, this analysis contributes to postcolonial and transnational feminist theorizing by exploring how men embody and construct the nation-state, how discourses of race, religion, and nation assemble together through the concept of masculinity, and how these assemblages provoke states of emergency and impetuses for action.
Intersex Bodies as States of Exception: An Empirical Explanation for Unnecessary Surgical Modification
Authors: Davis Georgiann , Murphy Erin L.
Published: September 2013

In 2006, the official journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics published a consensus statement on the medical management of intersex traits. Like the profession's first statement, the revision advised against unnecessary surgical modifications. Yet, such surgeries continue in contemporary US society, despite the professional stance and public critiques from intersex activists. Relying on sixty-five interviews with medical professionals, individuals with intersex traits, and parents of intersex children, this article examines why the practice continues. It then analyzes how medical professionals justify their medical interventions and shows that these justifications convey a "covert necessity" to the parents of intersex children. Intersex bodies, situated on the threshold of the gender structure, are treated as "states of exception" where unnecessary medical interventions serve to uphold the sex binary. The article argues that medical interventions aimed at eliminating intersex traits will continue until society disentangles sex from gender, embraces gender fluidity, and no longer constructs intersex bodies as deviant or abnormal in order to disallow or erase them.
Deportable Subjects: Lesbians and Political Asylum
Authors: Lewis Rachel
Published: September 2013

This article explores how deportation as a state of emergency structures the queer migration narratives of lesbian refugees and asylum-seekers. The first part of the article discusses the ways in which the political asylum system produces queer, and specifically lesbian, migrants as deportable subjects. The second part examines queer anti-deportation advocacy emerging from within these spaces of deportability or crisis. The third part analyzes a 2010 piece of performance art, Oreet Ashery's Staying: Dream, Bin, Soft Stud and Other Stories , that reflects upon the everyday practices and embodied experiences associated with deportability. What is crucial about this particular text is that it enables the lesbian refugees involved in the project to take an active role in the production of their asylum narratives. In doing so, the article suggests, media and cultural advocacy on behalf of lesbian asylum can provide a site for the articulation of new sexual rights claims.
Husband Murder as the "Sickness" of Korea: Carceral Gynecology, Race, and Tradition in Colonial Korea, 1926-1932
Authors: Park Jin-kyung
Published: September 2013

So far, the feminist history of colonialism has been examined mainly in Western imperial settings characterized by the familiar racial duality of white and nonwhite. In this article, I draw attention to the East Asian imperial context, marked by racial proximity and ambiguity between ruler and ruled. I do so by focusing on Japanese physician Takeki Kudō's study of husband murderers in colonial Korea (1910-1945). A critical analysis of Kudō's meticulous research framework reveals that he had intended to frame husband murder as a peculiar pathology of the Korean race-a racial disease. This racialized framing of Korean female criminality betrays the anxiety and insecurity of Japanese imperial power at pains to construct and police racial boundaries between ruler and ruled. This, in turn, suggests that the construction of racial division was not exclusively the work of Western colonialism but that of colonialism as a world-wide phenomenon.
Save your Baby, Save Ten Percent: National Baby Week, The Infants' Department, and the Modern Pregnant Woman, 1905-1925
Authors: Lemus Cheryl
Published: September 2013

This article examines how merchants created separate infants' departments in stores and promoted events such as National Baby Week. Retailers took part in molding the expectations attached to the purchase of baby goods, but they relied on the medical profession to help. Department stores and other retailers invited physicians to lecture on prenatal care, hired nurses to advise prospective mothers, and trained sales staff in the latest medical advice and findings. Medical professionals and retailers worked together to educate the expectant mother as to her responsibilities as a patient and as a consumer. However, retailers also began to suggest that the consumer role was an important indicator of a woman's future role as mother, claiming that when she visited her favorite department store, the modern pregnant woman publicly demonstrated her readiness for motherhood.
The Tactics of Menstruation in Dutch Cases of Sexual Assault and Infanticide, 1750-1920
Authors: Ruberg Willemijn
Published: September 2013

This article analyzes menstruation talk in Dutch cases of sexual assault and infanticide as an example of embodiment: of the interaction between cultural models of menstruation and their interpretation by contextualized and sometimes resisting bodies of women acting in court cases. It argues that the French philosopher Michel de Certeau's notion of tactics can be applied to the strategies women used when discussing menstruation in court. Since many different models of menstruation coexisted and were often contradicting, as recent research has shown, this offered some leeway to choose those interpretations which possibly served women's judicial fate; for instance, claiming not to have known of their pregnancy because of continuing menses, asserting having miscalculated their due dates, and avowing they were simply severely menstruating while actually giving birth. Women played with knowledge and ignorance in regard to bodily functions like menstruation, indicating their use of tactics, while resisting normative images of the body.
The Giles-Johnson Case and the Changing Politics of Sexual Violence in the 1960s United States
Authors: Jacquet Catherine O.
Published: September 2013

The historical scholarship on black-on-white rape has focused mainly on the oppression of black men and firmly cast white women only as false accusers. While radically politicized groups like communists in the 1930s and civil rights activists in the 1950s deployed the trope of the lying white woman to defend black men accused of rape, by the mid-twentieth century the mainstream culture began to embrace this rhetoric. I am interested in how a new consensus was formed around this rhetoric and what that meant for movements that organized for justice around sexual violence. In this article, I use the Giles-Johnson case, an instance of alleged black-on-white sexual violence, to examine how white mainstream America embraced the trope of the lying white woman at this time. This article challenges the assumptions of the false claim and begins to examine the complex interplay of racialized and sexualized constructions in cases of black-on-white rape.
Sex, Science, and Fin-De-Siècle Feminism: Johanna Elberskirchen Interprets The Laws of Life
Authors: Leng Kirsten
Published: September 2013

This article explores the "tactical polyvalency" of scientific discourse for early twentieth-century feminism by examining the writings of Johanna Elberskirchen (1864-1943), an independent and prolific agitator on behalf of women's and homosexual emancipation in Wilhelmine Germany. Based on an analysis of four texts written by Elberskirchen, I argue that science offered Elberskirchen and feminists like her an opportunity to assert truthful "facts" about women in an authoritative, objective voice, which they claimed was not at odds with a feminist standpoint. Drawing upon science helped feminists like Elberskirchen to move discursively from a moral critique to an objective one. In advancing such an argument, I contribute to an emerging historiography that analyzes first wave feminists' engagement with science.
Gender and Modernity in Japan's "Long Twentieth Century"
Authors: Mackie Vera
Published: September 2013

This article surveys English-language writings on gender and modernity in Japanese history in the "long twentieth century." The discussion is organized around the themes of gendering the public sphere, feminism and the gendered state, gender and labor, and gender, sexuality, and cultural politics, with some closing reflections on emerging research themes which place the study of Japan's modernity in a transnational frame.
Japanese Feminists After Versailles: Between the State and the Ethnic Nation
Authors: Germer Andrea
Published: September 2013

One of the striking effects of the end of WWI and the Paris Peace Conference on Japanese society was the renewed impetus it gave to women's rights discourses and feminist organizing in the 1920s. These events spurred a new consciousness and assertive attitude of women who began to frame themselves as full members of the nation-state. They also fuelled developments in cultural feminist theories that called for an ethnic awakening to womanhood. In this article, I introduce various feminist stances towards the Japanese state, the family, and by extension the ethno-cultural nation at the end of World War I and argue that these help explain Japanese feminists' varied reactions towards the League of Nations and eventually towards Japan's withdrawal from the international system founded in Versailles.
Introduction: The Crafting of Medicine in the Early Industrial Age
Authors: Rabier Christelle
Published: September 2013

The special issue "Fitting for Health" offers a critical inquiry into the co-construction of medicine and technology in the early industrial age. It investigates the "social life" of medical things, through their material configuration, invention, improvement, and diversification, the sites of their deployment, their status as both novelties and less spectacular objects of everyday use, and the challenges they faced in fitting themselves into people's lives and European res publica . The set of articles (on steel trusses, medical electricity, anatomical models, and trade catalogs) heuristically uses "technology" to analyze how medicine and its material processes were crafted, endowed with meaning, and woven into European societies. Opening the medical "black box"—circumventing its tendency to be ignored as a mediating tool—provides a significant common point of entry for the four enquiries, triggering further analysis of the relationship between humans and non-humans as shaped in medical knowledge and practice.
Revolution: The First 2,000 Years of Computing : The Computer History Museum, Mountain View, California
Authors: Marsh Allison C.
Published: September 2013

This review essay of the permanent exhibit Revolution: The First 2,000 Years of Computing at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California critiques the new exhibit while placing it in the context of two previous reviews of the museum spanning two decades in Technology and Culture . Within the exhibit, each gallery explores the development of a specific theme in computing history over time, but is anchored by an iconic object representing an important milestone. Additional artifacts and stories that complicate the narrative supplement these principal objects. Examples of failed or obsolete technologies are presented alongside success stories and current technologies to illustrate the development of the industry. The essay ends with a series of questions for historians and curators to consider when interpreting history using objects, images, and audio-visual techniques.
Stephen Hawking's Three Bodies: Hélène Mialet, Hawking Incorporated
Authors: Ihde Don
Published: September 2013

Helene Mialet's Hawking Incorporated argues that there are no disembodied physicists and uses Stephen Hawking as her hard case. She inverts the usual Cartesian downplay of embodiment and shows how in this case Hawkings "three bodies" become even more important than ordinary embodiments. His limited physical body is added to by his socially distributed body of caretakers and research assistants, and most importantly his technology-mediating body of speech machines, high-tech wheelchair, and laptops. His gestures, his techniques of overcoming limited calculations, all point to the enhancement of embodiment(s). Drawing from ethnomethodology, actor network theory, and phenomenology, Mialet gives us a startling new look at science practice in terms of embodiment or incorporation.
Curing with Machines: Medical Electricity in Eighteenth-Century Paris
Authors: Zanetti François
Published: September 2013

Although electricity had been used for healing purposes in the late 1740s, it was not until 1770 that it was truly medicalized. The article analyzes how physicians incorporated the fashionable "fluid" and the machines that produced it into their practices and identities. Doctors fashioned electricity as a medical remedy, asserting their authority upon its therapeutic uses. Nonetheless other users were involved such as patients, handlers, and audiences. However, due to the black-boxing process orchestrated by physicians their roles have been neglected. As the domestication of medical electricity and selfmedication challenged medicalization, hospital based treatments were developed, which reinforced medical expertise. Even so, the process remained incomplete and natural philosophers as well as surgeons maintained alternative practices.
“They envision going to New York, not Jakarta”: the differing attitudes toward ELF of students, teaching assistants, and instructors in an English-medium business program in Japan
Authors: Galloway Nicola , Rose Heath
Published: September 2013

This study examines attitudes in a bilingual business degree program at a Japanese university, where visiting senior and postgraduate international students are hired to assist sophomore students in the classroom. The visiting international students' role is to not only help students understand business concepts in the course, but to provide opportunity for real life English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) use as well as exposure to the English used by people from varied backgrounds. The study uses a mixed method of questionnaires with 120 students within the program, a focus group with the assistants, and a focus group with the course instructors. The study found that both the students and student assistants had largely positive attitudes to this classroom experience – both in terms of exposure to the diversity of English and the opportunity to use ELF. Furthermore, the study revealed students were acutely aware of their probable future usage of English in lingua franca settings – despite teachers' assumptions that the students would adhere to traditional native English speaker stereotypes, which are often promoted in Japanese language education.
The Auspiciousness of the Performative Body – Ritual Dancing in Folk-Religious Festivals in Japan
Authors: Köpping Klaus-Peter
Published: September 2013

The Hanamatsuri and Shimotsukimatsuri of the Southern Japanese Alps are investigated in regard to the diversity of resonances emerging from the performance of these rituals. While the declared aim of these dance rituals is the continuity and renewal of fertility and well-being of nature and humans, it emerges during repeated comparative research in over half of the still extant festivals that the final aim is the re-establishing of communal solidarity. While the much contested objective of these revived dance rituals is the “divine possession”, the underlying notion of well-being or auspiciousness fits very well into other Japanese religious practices to contribute to the maintenance of peaceful social relations. Nevertheless, the contingency of the emergence of divine possession seems to be dependent on lay personnel being in charge of the liturgy as much as on the synesthetic performance’s resonance to generate an affective bodily engagement among all participants. It is argued that even the often criticized increasing influx of city tourists may lead to a new orientation in the self-understanding of the performances as inducing a body imagery which stresses interpersonal “gut-relations” (hara) as a form to escape the daily conventionality of behavioral codes of conduct.
Whose Festival is it?
Authors: Lee William
Published: September 2013

This article examines traditional Japanese festivals (matsuri) and the problems they face in remaining socially relevant today by focusing on patterns of participation. While many such festivals continue to follow historical precedent, others have evolved and adapted to current social and demographic trends. Through an analysis of three historically related festivals that have taken rather divergent paths in the modern era, this study attempts to demonstrate how change, including the easing and restructuring of rights of participation, can have beneficial effects. The result can be a modern matsuri which, while still retaining many traditional elements, is capable of engaging a large number of participants and providing them with an emotionally satisfying festival experience.
Rituelle Modulation, Liminalität und die nembutsu-Praxis im ländlichen Japan
Authors: Traphagan John W.
Published: September 2013

Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die nembutsu-Kulte im ländlichen Japan der Gegenwart und argumentiert, dass ihre Rituale eine Form der religiösen Praxis darstellen, die der Verortung von Individuen im sozialen und physischen Raum dient. Die Erforschung der nembutsu-Rituale gibt uns meiner Meinung nach eine Möglichkeit an die Hand, den Begriff der Liminalität als eine Art der Modulation zu re-interpretieren, d. h. als einen Prozess, innerhalb dessen die Teilnehmer von einem ursprünglichen Status in einen neuen Status überführt werden, der viele der Eigenschaften und Kennzeichen des alten Status beibehält. Das in dieser Arbeit behandelte Ritual stellt insofern ein Beispiel solcher Modulationspraxis dar, als die Beziehungen sowohl zwischen den Toten und den Lebenden als auch zwischen den Lebenden untereinander in einer Weise umstrukturiert werden, die diese Beziehungen verändert, dabei aber viele ihrer ursprünglichen Elemente aufrechterhält.
The “Performance” of Kyōgen.
Authors: Zehbe Klaus
Published: September 2013

By bringing Schechner’s analytical concepts of ‘script’, ‘theater’ and ‘performance’ (2003) to bear on the analysis of a contemporary performance of Kyōgen, a form of traditional Japanese theatre, and by examining the play and interplay of these three dimensions through Turner’s theory of ritual (2005), I will discuss how performances of Kyōgen present notions and topoi of individual and collective well-being and may actually contribute to a state thereof. In doing so, I aim to arrive at a better understanding of what the notion of well-being may mean for Japanese people.
Well-being and Risk-taking Behavior.
Authors: Wulf Alexander J.
Published: September 2013

This article describes risk taking and well-being in corporate Japan. A case study of a research intensive manufacturing company shows how a corporate management can design its business strategy to contribute to the well-being of the employees. An in-depth expert interview with the company’s Chief Executive Officer and a qualitative content analysis of official company documents present and discuss the firm’s employee well-being policy. Findings show that the organization employs its business philosophy to promote a working environment that encourages constructive risk-taking. This leads to technological innovations and improved competitiveness on the market. Furthermore, the company is successful in contributing to the well-being of its employees and other stakeholders.
2D-Stromverteilungen und ihre Magnetfelder: ein Beispiel-Problem / 2D Current Distributions and Their Magnetic Fields: A Showcase Problem
Authors: Hofer Dominik , Zagar Bernhard G.
Published: September 2013

Magnetfeldmessung für wenig Geld findet heute in jedem Smartphone statt. Dieser Artikel widmet sich dem wissenschaftlicheren Einsatz handelsüblicher Kompass-ICs. So können diese Bausteine z. B. in der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung oder bei Strommessungen verlässliche Messdaten liefern, auch wenn die anschließende Interpretation dieser Datenflut neue Herausforderungen mit sich bringt. Konkret wird im folgenden Text die 2D Stromverteilung in einer Leiterbahn betrachtet. Auch wenn die Problemstellung simpel klingen mag, die Lösung des inversen Problems - des Findens der Stromdichten hinter den Messwerten - stellt sich als komplex heraus.
Schnelle Röntgentomographie zur zeitlich aufgelösten Messung von Geschwindigkeiten in Strömungen / Fast X-Ray Tomography for Time-Resolved Measurements of Flow Velocities
Authors: Hoppe Dietrich
Published: September 2013

Ein gegebener schneller Röntgentomograph mit zwei parallelen Messebenen dient zur örtlich aufgelösten Messung von Geschwindigkeiten. Seine Aufgabe soll ohne technischen Zusatzaufwand auf zeitlich aufgelöste Messungen ausgedehnt werden. Der Ebenenabstand ist dafür aber zu groß. Deshalb wird zusätzlich eine indirekte Messebene definiert, indem diejenige Strahlung ausgenutzt wird, die sich im Tomographen zwischen den regulären Ebenen ausbreitet. Die neue Messebene hat zu einer der regulären Ebenen einen genügend kleinen Abstand. Wie damit gemessen werden kann, verdeutlicht ein praktisches Beispiel.
Elektronisches Messsystem zur Strukturzustandsüberwachung / Electronic Measurement System for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Heinzelmann Andreas , Dürager Christian
Published: September 2013

Zur Überwachung von Faserverbundlösungen aus kohle- oder glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff sind neue Ansätze notwendig. Der Artikel beschreibt ein elektronisches Messsystem zur integrierten Strukturzustandsüberwachung. Neben dem universalen Einsatz werden im ersten Teil der Aufbau des Systems sowie die mess- und signaltechnischen Eigenschaften beschrieben. In zweiten Teil wird die algorithmische Auswertung der Messsignale mit der „Empirical Mode Decomposition“-Methode erläutert. Mit der Ellipsen- Triangulationsmethode lassen sich in einem Versuchsaufbau Schädigungen durch Hagelkörner mit einem Durchmesser von 2 cm in einer Karbonplatte mit einem Durchmesser von 1m und einer Dicke von 1mm auf 3mm genau lokalisieren.
Finding the Factors of Reduced Genetic Diversity on X Chromosomes of Macaca fascicularis: Male-Driven Evolution, Demography, and Natural Selection
Authors: Osada Naoki , Nakagome Shigeki , Mano Shuhei , Kameoka Yosuke , Takahashi Ichiro , Terao Keiji
Published: September 2013

The ratio of genetic diversity on X chromosomes relative to autosomes in organisms with XX/XY sex chromosomes could provide fundamental insight into the process of genome evolution. Here we report this ratio for 24 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) originating in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The average X/A diversity ratios in these samples was 0.34 and 0.20 in the Indonesian–Malaysian and Philippine populations, respectively, considerably lower than the null expectation of 0.75. A Philippine population supposed to derive from an ancestral population by founding events showed a significantly lower ratio than the parental population, suggesting a demographic effect for the reduction. Taking sex-specific mutation rate bias and demographic effect into account, expected X/A diversity ratios generated by computer simulations roughly agreed with the observed data in the intergenic regions. In contrast, silent sites in genic regions on X chromosomes showed strong reduction in genetic diversity and the observed X/A diversity ratio in the genic regions cannot be explained by mutation rate bias and demography, indicating that natural selection also reduces the level of polymorphism near genes. Whole-genome analysis of a female cynomolgus monkey also supported the notion of stronger reduction of genetic diversity near genes on the X chromosome.
An endemic cephalopod assemblage from the lower Campanian (Late Cretaceous) Parras Shale, western Coahuila, Mexico
Authors: Ifrim Christina , Stinnesbeck Wolfgang , Ventura José Flores
Published: September 2013

The cephalopods from Union y Progreso represent the first fossil assemblage described from the Parras Shale in Coahuila, Mexico.Pseudoschloenbachia(Pseudoschloenbachia) aff.P. (P.)mexicana(Renz, 1936),P. (P.)mexicana(Renz, 1936),Baculites haresiReeside, 1927, andMenabites(Delawarella)vanuxemi(Morton, 1830) have a geographically restricted occurrence.Didymocerasjuv. sp.,Menuitesjuv. sp.,Polyptychocerasjuv. sp.,Pseudoxybeloceras(Parasolenoceras)juv. sp., andScaphitessp. ex gr.S. hippocrepis(DeKay, 1828) are represented by juveniles and could not be determined to species level.Desmophyllites diphylloides(Forbes, 1846) is the only long-ranging, cosmopolitan species described from this assemblage. Three new species are described:Eutrephoceras irritilasin. sp.,Hypophylloceras(Neophylloceras)arturoin. sp., andTetragonites silencioensisn. sp. The morphotypeBaculitesn. sp. is also inferred to be distinct. The faunal composition of this assemblage indicates a late early Campanian age. This assemblage shows a high degree of endemism. The causes for this endemism are currently unknown and difficult to assess. Nevertheless, the generic composition of the Union y Progreso ammonite assemblage suggests a short-term early Campanian endemic event.
A new paleoecological look at the Dinwoody Formation (Lower Triassic, western USA): intrinsic versus extrinsic controls on ecosystem recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction
Authors: Hofmann Richard , Hautmann Michael , Bucher Hugo
Published: September 2013

The Dinwoody Formation of the western United States represents an important archive of Early Triassic ecosystems in the immediate aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction. We present a systematic description and a quantitative paleoecological analysis of its benthic faunas in order to reconstruct benthic associations and to explore the temporal and spatial variations of diversity, ecological structure and taxonomic composition throughout the earliest Triassic of the western United States. A total of 15 bivalve species, two gastropod species, and two brachiopod species are recognized in the study area. The paleoecological analysis shows that the oldest Dinwoody communities are characterized by low diversity, low ecological complexity and high dominance of few species. We suggest that this low diversity most likely reflects the consequences of the mass extinction in the first place and not necessarily the persistence of environmental stress. Whereas this diversity pattern persists into younger strata of the Dinwoody Formation in outer shelf environments, an increase in richness, evenness and guild diversity occurred around the Griesbachian–Dienerian boundary in more shallow marine habitats. This incipient recovery towards the end of the Griesbachian is in accordance with observations from other regions and thus probably represents an interregional signal. In contrast to increasing richness within communities (alpha-diversity), beta-diversity remained low during the Griesbachian and Dienerian in the study area. This low beta-diversity reflects a wide environmental and geographical range of taxa during the earliest Triassic, indicating that the increase of within-habitat diversity has not yet led to significant competitive exclusion. We hypothesize that the well-known prevalence of generalized taxa in post-extinction faunas is primarily an effect of reduced competition that allows species to exist through the full range of their fundamental niches, rather than being caused by unusual and uniform environmental stress.
Gwynt y Môr: Britain's world-leading offshore wind farm takes shape
Authors: Drew Julie , Rigby Adrian
Published: September 2013

With 160 offshore turbines of 3·6 MW class operating in a total site area of 79 km at a planned capacity of 576 MW, the Gwynt y Môr site, off the north Wales coast, is expected to generate an average annual energy equivalent to the domestic needs of around 400 000 average UK households. This scale makes Gwynt y Môr of national strategic importance in terms of renewable energy generation, maintaining energy security, meeting carbon dioxide reduction commitments and mitigating climate change. On a project of such scale and significance the planning, supply, project management and engineering challenges are quite exceptional. The offshore wind industry is relatively new, and the technology is advancing fast.
Impact of the 2004 Tsunami on Self-Reported Physical Health in Thailand for the Subsequent 2 Years
Authors: Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Coyte Peter C. , McKenzie Kwame , Noh Samuel
Published: September 2013

Objectives. We examined self-reported physical health during the first 2 years following the 2004 tsunami in Thailand.

Methods. We assessed physical health with the revised Short Form Health Survey. We evaluated 6 types of tsunami exposure: personal injury, personal loss of home, personal loss of business, loss of family member, family member’s injury, and family’s loss of business. We examined the relationship between tsunami exposure and physical health with multivariate linear regression.

Results. One year post-tsunami, we interviewed 1931 participants (97.2% response rate), and followed up with 1855 participants 2 years after the tsunami (96.1% follow-up rate). Participants with personal injury or loss of business reported poorer physical health than those unaffected (P < .001), and greater health impacts were found for women and older individuals.

Conclusions. Exposure to the tsunami disaster adversely affected physical health, and its impact may last for longer than 1 year, which is the typical time when most public and private relief programs withdraw.
Environmental Conditions in Low-Income Urban Housing: Clustering and Associations With Self-Reported Health
Authors: Adamkiewicz Gary , Spengler John D. , Harley Amy E. , Stoddard Anne , Yang May , Alvarez-Reeves Marty , Sorensen Glorian
Published: September 2013

Objectives. We explored prevalence and clustering of key environmental conditions in low-income housing and associations with self-reported health.

Methods. The Health in Common Study, conducted between 2005 and 2009, recruited participants (n = 828) from 20 low-income housing developments in the Boston area. We interviewed 1 participant per household and conducted a brief inspection of the unit (apartment). We created binary indexes and a summed index for household exposures: mold, combustion by-products, secondhand smoke, chemicals, pests, and inadequate ventilation. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between each index and household characteristics and between each index and self-reported health.

Results. Environmental problems were common; more than half of homes had 3 or more exposure-related problems (median summed index = 3). After adjustment for household-level demographics, we found clustering of problems in site (P < .01) for pests, combustion byproducts, mold, and ventilation. Higher summed index values were associated with higher adjusted odds of reporting fair–poor health (odds ratio = 2.7 for highest category; P < .008 for trend).

Conclusions. We found evidence that indoor environmental conditions in multifamily housing cluster by site and that cumulative exposures may be associated with poor health.
Taxing Junk Food to Counter Obesity
Authors: Franck Caroline , Grandi Sonia M. , Eisenberg Mark J.
Published: September 2013

We examined the advantages and disadvantages of implementing a junk food tax as an intervention to counter increasing obesity in North America.

Small excise taxes are likely to yield substantial revenue but are unlikely to affect obesity rates. High excise taxes are likely to have a direct impact on weight in at-risk populations but are less likely to be politically palatable or sustainable.

Ultimately, the effectiveness of earmarked health programs and subsidies is likely to be a key determinant of tax success in the fight against obesity.
Medicaid Expansion Initiative in Massachusetts: Enrollment Among Substance-Abusing Homeless Adults
Authors: Zur Julia , Mojtabai Ramin
Published: September 2013

Objectives. We assessed whether homeless adults entering substance abuse treatment in Massachusetts were less likely than others to enroll in Medicaid after implementation of the MassHealth Medicaid expansion program in 1997.

Methods. We used interrupted time-series analysis in data on substance abuse treatment admissions from the Treatment 0Episode Data Set (1992–2009) to evaluate Medicaid coverage rates in Massachusetts and to identify whether trends differed between homeless and housed participants. We also compared Massachusetts data with data from 17 other states and the District of Columbia combined.

Results. The percentage of both homeless and housed people entering treatment with Medicaid increased approximately 21% after expansion (P = .01), with an average increase of 5.4% per year over 12 years (P = .01). The increase in coverage was specific to Massachusetts, providing evidence that the MassHealth policy was the cause of this increase.

Conclusions. Findings provide evidence in favor of state participation in the Medicaid expansion in January 2014 under the Affordable Care Act and suggest that hard-to-reach vulnerable groups such as substance-abusing homeless adults are as likely as other population groups to benefit from this policy.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Smoking Behavior Among Young Adult Bar Patrons
Authors: Kalkhoran Sara , Neilands Torsten B. , Ling Pamela M.
Published: September 2013

Objectives. We described frequency of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among young adults patronizing bars and associations between SHS exposure, attitudes, and smoking behavior.

Methods. We collected cross-sectional surveys from randomized time–location samples of bar patrons aged 18 to 26 years in San Diego, California, and Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 2010 to 2011. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated associations between SHS exposure, attitudes about dangers of SHS, susceptibility to smoking initiation among nonsmokers, and quit attempts among current smokers.

Results. More than 80% of respondents reported past 7-day exposure to any SHS, and more than 70% reported exposure at a bar. Current smokers reported more SHS exposure in cars and their own homes than did nonsmokers. Among nonsmokers, SHS exposure was associated with susceptibility to initiation, but those who believed that SHS exposure is harmful were less susceptible. Belief that SHS is dangerous was associated with quit attempts among smokers.

Conclusions. Smoke-free environments and education about the harms of SHS may decrease tobacco use among young adults who frequent bars, where they are heavily exposed to SHS.
OxyContin Use on a Rural Midwest American Indian Reservation: Demographic Correlates and Reasons for Using
Authors: Momper Sandra L. , Delva Jorge , Tauiliili Debbie , Mueller-Williams Amelia Cromwell , Goral Patricia
Published: September 2013

In 2009 we surveyed 400 tribal members of a midwestern American Indian reservation to assess the prevalence of OxyContin use. Thirty percent of tribal participants reported nonmedical use of OxyContin ever, 18.9% in the past year, and 13.4% in the past month. Participants aged 18 to 25 years were most likely to have used OxyContin. Reasons given for use of the drug included pain relief (59.3%) and getting high (52.2%), indicating a need for opioid treatment programs.