bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linguocultural Codes
Authors: Pymenova Marina
Published: October 2021

This article discusses linguocultural codes. The term linguocultural codes entered fi rmly in the academic community. The article addresses issues such as language basics codes of Slavic and Western linguocultures as the display of the national mentality, language picture of the world, the language in the conceptual understanding, categories and forms of their native language and concept. Keywords: mentality, linguocultural codes, language picture of the world.
THE SUBSTITUTION FINANCING EFFECT OF SUPPLIERS’ TRADE CREDIT ON CUSTOMERS’ TRADE CREDIT IN CHINA
Authors: Guo Chun , Su Wunhong , Song Xiaobao
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the substitution financing effect of suppliers’ trade credit on customers’ trade-credit using Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2018. Results verify the substitution financing effect of suppliers’ trade credit on customers’ trade credit, indicating that firms with higher suppliers’ trade credit have lower customers’ trade credit. Moreover, suppliers’ trade-credit substitutes customers’ trade credit by alleviating financing constraints. Customer concentration weakens the substitution financing relation. Finally, the substitution financing effect of customers’ trade credit on bank credit is more pronounced than that of suppliers’ trade credit. As exogenous policy shock, the capital market liberalization has no significant impact on the substitution financing relation between heterogeneous trade credits. This study reveals that trade credit is heterogeneous rather than homogeneous. The substitution financing effect also exists in trade credit inside, which expands the existing literature’s understanding of trade credit and the substitution financing theory’s connotation.
OGLE-2019-BLG-0304: Competing Interpretations between a Planet–binary Model and a Binary-source + Binary-lens Model
Authors: Han Cheongho , Udalski Andrzej , Lee Chung-Uk , Kim Doeon , Ryu Yoon-Hyun ,   (Leading authors), Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Kil Jung Youn , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz ,   (The OGLE Collaboration)
Published: October 2021

We analyze the microlensing event OGLE-2019-BLG-0304, whose light curve exhibits two distinctive features: a deviation in the peak region and a second bump appearing ∼61 days after the main peak. Although a binary-lens model can explain the overall features, it leaves subtle but noticeable residuals in the peak region. We find that the residuals can be explained by the presence of either a planetary companion located close to the primary of the binary lens (3L1S model) or an additional close companion to the source (2L2S model). Although the 3L1S model is favored over the 2L2S model, with Δχ
2 ∼ 8, securely resolving the degeneracy between the two models is difficult with the currently available photometric data. According to the 3L1S interpretation, the lens is a planetary system, in which a planet with a mass

0.51

−
0.23

+
0.51

M

J

is in an S-type orbit around a binary composed of stars with masses

0.27

−
0.12

+
0.27

M

⊙

and

0.10

−
0.04

+
0.10

M

⊙

. According to the 2L2S interpretation, however, the source is composed of G- and K-type giant stars and the lens is composed of a low-mass M dwarf and a brown dwarf with masses

0.12

−
0.05

+
0.12

M

⊙

and

0.045

−
.019

+
0.045

M

⊙

, respectively. The event illustrates the need for thorough model testing in the interpretation of lensing events with complex features in light curves.
The Star Formation History of a Post-starburst Galaxy Determined from Its Cluster Population
Authors: Chandar Rupali , Mok Angus , French K. Decker , Smercina Adam , Smith John-David T.
Published: October 2021

The recent star formation histories (SFHs) of post-starburst galaxies have been determined almost exclusively from detailed modeling of their composite starlight. This has provided important but limited information on the number, strength, and duration of bursts of star formation. In this work, we present a direct and independent measure of the recent SFH of the post-starburst galaxy S12 (plate-mjd-fiber for SDSS 623-52051-207; designated EAS12 in Smercina et al.) from its star cluster population. We detect clusters from high-resolution, UBR optical images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope and compare their luminosities and colors with stellar population models to estimate the ages and masses of the clusters. No clusters younger than ∼70 Myr are found, indicating star formation shut off at this time. Clusters formed ∼120 Myr ago reach masses up to a ∼few × 107
M
⊙, several times higher than similar-age counterparts formed in actively merging galaxies like the Antennae and NGC 3256. We develop a new calibration based on known properties for eight nearby galaxies to estimate the star formation rate (SFR) of a galaxy from the mass of the most massive cluster, M
max. The cluster population indicates that S12 experienced an extremely intense but short-lived burst ∼120 Myr ago, with an estimated peak of

500

−
250

+
500

M

⊙

yr

−
1

and duration of 50 ± 25 Myr, one of the highest SFRs estimated for any galaxy in the modern universe. The cluster population also allows us to fill in more of the backstory of S12. Prior to the recent, intense burst, S12 was forming stars at a moderate rate of ∼3–5 M
⊙ yr−1, typical of spiral galaxies, but the system experienced an earlier burst at some point, approximately 1–3 Gyr ago. While fairly uncertain, we estimate that the SFR during this earlier burst was ∼20–30 M
⊙ yr−1, similar to the current SFR in the Antennae and NGC 3256.
Ultracool Dwarfs Observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph. I. An Accurate Look at the L-to-T Transition at ∼300 Myr from Optical Through Mid-infrared Spectrophotometry
Authors: Suárez Genaro , Metchev Stanimir , Leggett Sandy K. , Saumon Didier , Marley Mark S.
Published: October 2021

We present Spitzer IRS 5–14 μm spectra and 16 μm and 22 μm photometry of the T2.5 companion to the ∼300 Myr old G0V star HN Peg. We incorporate previous 0.8–5 μm observations to obtain the most comprehensive spectral energy distribution (SED) of an intermediate-gravity L/T-transition dwarf that, together with an accurate Gaia EDR3 parallax of the primary, enables us to derive precise fundamental parameters. We find that young (≈0.1–0.3 Gyr) early-T dwarfs on average have ≈140 K lower effective temperatures, ≈20% larger radii, and similar bolometric luminosities compared to ≳1 Gyr old field dwarfs with similar spectral types. Our accurate infrared spectrophotometry offers new detail at wavelengths where the dominant carbon-bearing molecules have their strongest transitions: at 3.4 μm for methane and at 4.6 μm for carbon monoxide. We assess the performance of various widely available photospheric models and find that models with condensates and/or clouds better reproduce the full SED of this moderately young early-T dwarf. However, cloud-free models incorporating a more general convective instability treatment reproduce at least the low-resolution near-infrared spectrum similarly well. Our analysis of R ≈ 2300 J-band spectra shows that the near-infrared potassium absorption lines in HN Peg B have similar strengths to those seen in both younger and older T2–T3 dwarfs. We conclude that while alkali lines are well established as surface gravity indicators for L-type or warmer stars, they are insensitive to surface gravity in early-T dwarfs.
Survival Times of Supramassive Neutron Stars Resulting from Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Beniamini Paz , Lu Wenbin
Published: October 2021

A binary neutron star (BNS) merger can lead to various outcomes, from indefinitely stable neutron stars, through supramassive neutron stars (SMNSs) or hypermassive neutron stars supported only temporarily against gravity, to black holes formed promptly after the merger. Up-to-date constraints on the BNS total mass and the neutron star equation of state suggest that a long-lived SMNS may form in ∼0.45–0.9 of BNS mergers. A maximally rotating SMNS needs to lose ∼(3–6) × 1052 erg of its rotational energy before it collapses, on a fraction of the spin-down timescale. An SMNS formation imprints on the electromagnetic counterparts to the BNS merger. However, a comparison with observations reveals tensions. First, the distribution of collapse times is too wide and that of released energies too narrow (and the energy itself too large) to explain the observed distributions of internal X-ray plateaus, invoked as evidence for SMNS-powered energy injection. Second, the immense energy injection into the blast wave should lead to extremely bright radio transients, which previous studies found to be inconsistent with deep radio observations of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Furthermore, we show that upcoming all-sky radio surveys will constrain the extracted energy distribution, independently of a GRB jet formation. Our results can be self-consistently understood, provided that most BNS merger remnants collapse shortly after formation (even if their masses are low enough to allow for SMNS formation). This naturally occurs if the remnant retains half or less of its initial energy by the time it enters solid-body rotation.
Planck Galactic Cold Clumps at High Galactic Latitude—a Study with CO Lines
Authors: Xu Fengwei , Wu Yuefang , Liu Tie , Liu Xunchuan , Zhang Chao , Esimbek Jarken , Qin Sheng-Li , Li Di , Wang Ke , Yuan Jinghua , Meng Fanyi , Zhang Tianwei , Eden David , Tatematsu K. , Evans Neal J. , Goldsmith Paul. F. , Zhang Qizhou , Henkel C. , Yi Hee-Weon , Lee Jeong-Eun , Saajasto Mika , Kim Gwanjeong , Juvela Mika , Sahu Dipen , Hsu Shih-Ying , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Dutta Somnath , Lee Chin-Fei , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Xu Ye , Ju Binggang
Published: October 2021

Gas at high Galactic latitude is a relatively little noticed component of the interstellar medium. In an effort to address this, 41 Planck Galactic Cold Clumps at high Galactic latitude (HGal; ∣b∣ > 25°) were observed in 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 1−0 lines, using the Purple Mountain Observatory 13.7 m telescope. 12CO (1−0) and 13CO (1−0) emission was detected in all clumps, while C18O (1−0) emission was only seen in 16 clumps. The highest and average latitudes are 71.°4 and 37.°8, respectively. Fifty-one velocity components were obtained, and then each was identified as a single clump. Thirty-three clumps were further mapped at 1′ resolution, and 54 dense cores were extracted. Among dense cores, the average excitation temperature T
ex of 12CO is 10.3 K. The average line widths of thermal and nonthermal velocity dispersions are 0.19 and 0.46 km s−1, respectively, suggesting that these cores are dominated by turbulence. Distances of the HGal clumps given by Gaia dust reddening are about 120–360 pc. The ratio of X
13/X
18 is significantly higher than that in the solar neighborhood, implying that HGal gas has a different star formation history compared to the gas in the Galactic disk. HGal cores with sizes from 0.01 to 0.1 pc show no notable Larson’s relation, and the turbulence remains supersonic down to a scale of slightly below 0.1 pc. None of the HGal cores that bear masses from 0.01 to 1 M
⊙ are gravitationally bound, and all appear to be confined by outer pressure.
Is Flare Ribbon Fine Structure Related to Tearing in the Flare Current Sheet?
Authors: Wyper P. F. , Pontin D. I.
Published: October 2021

Observations of solar flare ribbons show significant fine structure in the form of breaking wavelike perturbations and spirals. The origin of this structure is not well understood, but one possibility is that it is related to the tearing instability in the flare current sheet. Here we study this connection by constructing an analytical 3D magnetic field representative of an erupting flux rope with a flare current sheet below it. We introduce small-scale flux ropes representative of those formed during a tearing instability in the current layer, and use the squashing factor on the solar surface to identify the shape of the presumed flare ribbons and fine structure. Our analysis suggests there is a direct link between flare ribbon fine structure and flare current sheet tearing, with the majority of the ribbon fine structure related to oblique tearing modes. Depending upon the size, location, and twist of the small-scale flux ropes, breaking wavelike and spiral features within the hooks and straight sections of the flare ribbon can be formed that are qualitatively similar to observations. We also show that the handedness of the spirals/waves must be the same as the handedness of the hooks of the main ribbon. We conclude that tearing in the flare current layer is a likely explanation for spirals and wavelike features in flare ribbons.
“Ashfall” Induced by Molecular Outflow in Protostar Evolution
Authors: Tsukamoto Yusuke , Machida Masahiro N. , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro
Published: October 2021

Dust growth and its associated dynamics play key roles in the first phase of planet formation in young stellar objects. Observations have detected signs of dust growth in very young protoplanetary disks. Furthermore, signs of planet formation, gaps in the disk at a distance of several tens of au from the central protostar, are also reported. From a theoretical point of view, however, planet formation in the outer regions is difficult due to the rapid inward drift of dust, called the radial drift barrier. Here, on the basis of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations of disk evolution with dust growth, we propose a mechanism called the “ashfall” phenomenon, induced by a powerful molecular outflow driven by a magnetic field that may circumvent the radial drift barrier. We find that the large dust that grows to a size of about a centimeter in the inner region of a disk is entrained by an outflow from the disk. Then, large dust decoupled from gas is ejected from the outflow due to centrifugal force, enriching the grown dust in the envelope and eventually falls onto the outer edge of the disk. The overall process is similar to the behavior of ashfall from volcanic eruptions. In the ashfall phenomenon, the Stokes number of dust increases by reaccreting to the less dense disk outer edge. This may allow the dust grains to overcome the radial drift barrier. Consequently, the ashfall phenomenon can provide a crucial assist for making the formation of the planetesimals in outer regions of the disk possible, and hence the formation of wide-orbit planets and gaps.
Split Peas in a Pod: Intra-system Uniformity of Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
Authors: Millholland Sarah C. , Winn Joshua N.
Published: October 2021

The planets within compact multiplanet systems tend to have similar sizes, masses, and orbital period ratios, like “peas in a pod.” This pattern was detected when considering planets with radii between 1 and 4 R
⊕. However, these same planets show a bimodal radius distribution, with few planets between 1.5 and 2 R
⊕. The smaller “super-Earths” are consistent with being stripped rocky cores, while the larger “sub-Neptunes” likely have gaseous H/He envelopes. Given these distinct structures, it is worthwhile to test for intra-system uniformity separately within each category of planets. Here, we find that the tendency for intra-system uniformity is twice as strong when considering planets within the same size category than it is when combining all planets together. The sub-Neptunes tend to be

1.7

−
0.3

+
0.6

times larger than the super-Earths in the same system, corresponding to an envelope mass fraction of about 2.6% for a 5 M
⊕ planet. For the sub-Neptunes, the low-metallicity stars are found to have planets with more equal sizes, with modest statistical significance (p ∼ 0.005). There is also a modest (∼2σ) tendency for wider-orbiting planets to be larger, even within the same size category.
Molecules and Outflows in NML Cygni: New Insights from a 1 mm Spectral Line Survey
Authors: Singh A. P. , Edwards J. L. , Humphreys R. M. , Ziurys L. M.
Published: October 2021

A sensitive (1σ rms ≤ 3 mK) 1 mm spectral survey (214.5–285.5 GHz) of the oxygen-rich circumstellar envelope of the red hypergiant NML Cygni (NML Cyg) has been conducted using the Sub-millimeter Telescope (SMT) of the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO). Over 100 spectral lines were detected, arising from 17 different molecules, including the carbon-bearing species CO, HCN, HCO+, CN, and HNC; sulfur- and silicon-containing compounds H2S, SO, SO2, SiO, and SiS; and more exotic NaCl and AlO. The 1 mm spectrum of NML Cyg closely resembles that of VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa) suggesting that the chemistries of hypergiant stars are similar. The line profiles in NML Cyg consist of multiple velocity features, particularly evident in SO2 and SO. In addition to a spherical wind at the star’s systemic velocity, the spectra suggest an asymmetric, blueshifted component near V
LSR = −21 ± 3 km s−1 and a collimated, redshifted component near 15 ± 3 km s−1, positioned ∼34° and ∼12°, respectively, from the line of sight. The red- and blueshifted flows appear to be randomly oriented, and likely trace sporadic mass loss events. Their LSR velocities align closely with those of 22 GHz water masers, suggesting an NE–SE orientation. The winds may also be associated with the asymmetric nebula in F555W HST images but extending to 5″ (∼600R
*). NML Cyg appears to be another example of rare, massive stars with collimated, episodic ejections, analogous to Betelgeuse and VY CMa, lending support for an important new mass loss mechanism—surface activity.
Constraints on Weak Supernova Kicks from Observed Pulsar Velocities
Authors: Willcox Reinhold , Mandel Ilya , Thrane Eric , Deller Adam , Stevenson Simon , Vigna-Gómez Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Observations of binary pulsars and pulsars in globular clusters suggest that at least some pulsars must receive weak natal kicks at birth. If all pulsars received strong natal kicks above 50 km s−1, those born in globular clusters would predominantly escape, while wide binaries would be disrupted. On the other hand, observations of transverse velocities of isolated radio pulsars indicate that only 5 ± 2% have velocities below 50 km s−1. We explore this apparent tension with rapid binary population synthesis modeling. We propose a model in which supernovae with characteristically low natal kicks (e.g., electron-capture supernovae) only occur if the progenitor star has been stripped via binary interaction with a companion. We show that this model naturally reproduces the observed pulsar speed distribution and without reducing the predicted merging double neutron star yield. We estimate that the zero-age main-sequence mass range for noninteracting progenitors of electron-capture supernovae should be no wider than ≈0.2 M
⊙.
Novel Model of an Ultra-stripped Supernova Progenitor of a Double Neutron Star
Authors: Jiang Long , Tauris Thomas M. , Chen Wen-Cong , Fuller Jim
Published: October 2021

Recent discoveries of double neutron star (DNS) mergers and ultra-stripped supernovae (SNe) raise the questions of their origin and connection. We present the first 1D model of a DNS progenitor system that is calculated self-consistently until an ultra-stripped iron core collapse. We apply the MESA code starting from a post-common-envelope binary consisting of a 1.35 M
⊙ NS and a 3.20 M
⊙ zero-age main-sequence helium star and continue the modeling via Case BB Roche-lobe overflow until the infall velocity of the collapsing iron core exceeds 1000 km s−1. The exploding star has a total mass of ∼1.90 M
⊙, consisting of a ∼0.29 M
⊙ He-rich envelope embedding a CO core of ∼1.61 M
⊙ and an iron-rich core of ∼1.50 M
⊙. The resulting second-born NS has an estimated mass of ∼1.44 M
⊙, and we discuss the fate of the post-SN system, as well as the mild recycling of the first-born NS. Depending on the initial conditions, this family of systems is anticipated to reproduce the DNS mergers detected by the LIGO network.
Pluto’s Resonant Orbit Visualized in 4D
Authors: Zaveri Nihaal , Malhotra Renu
Published: October 2021

Orbital resonance phenomena are notoriously difficult to communicate in words due to the complex dynamics arising from the interplay of gravity and orbital angular momentum. A well known example is Pluto’s 3:2 mean motion resonance with Neptune. We have developed a python software tool to visualize the full three-dimensional aspects of Pluto’s resonant orbital dynamics over time. The visualizations include still images and animated movies. By contrasting Pluto’s resonant dynamics with the dynamics of a nearby non-resonant orbit, this tool enables better understanding and exploration of complex planetary dynamics phenomena.
Aerosolized antibiotics in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Jung Yun Jung , Kim Eun Jin , Choi Young Hwa
Published: October 2021

Aerosolized antibiotics are being increasingly used to treat respiratory infections, especially those caused by drug-resistant pathogens. Their use in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients is especially significant. They are also used as an efficient alternative to overcome the issues caused by systemic administration of antibiotics, including the occurrence of drug-resistant strains, drug toxicity, and insufficient drug concentration at the target site. However, the rationale for the use of aerosolized antibiotics is limited owing to their insufficient efficacy and the potential for underestimated risks of developing side effects. Despite the lack of availability of high-quality evidence, the use of aerosolized antibiotics is considered as an attractive alternative treatment approach, especially in patients with multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this review, we have discussed the effectiveness and side effects of aerosolized antibiotics as well as the latest advancements in this field and usage in the Republic of Korea.
Location-inventory-routing model with considering urban road networks
Authors: Saragih Nova , Bahagia Senator , Suprayogi Suprayogi , Syabri Ibnu
Published: October 2021

Purpose: To develop LIRP (location-inventory-routing problem) model with considering multiple links and solve it using method of heuristic based on algorithm of simulated annealing. Method of heuristic for the LIRP model is applied in city of Jakarta to improve effectiveness and efficiency of the food supply chain.Design/methodology/approach: The LIRP model is developed using main references. To solve the model, this paper develops two methods, namely method of optimal and method of heuristic. Computational experiments are performed to obtain the efficiency of the method of heuristic. New design of food supply chain is resulted from the application of the method of heuristic in city of Jakarta.Findings: The new design of food supply chain resulted from the application of LIRP model in city of Jakarta reduces total cost by 18%, increases availability from 76% to 95%, and reduces the number of vehicles by 73%. This paper also shows that distance is not the only consideration to decide the traversed links in cities.Research limitations/implications: Average gap between method of heuristic and method of optimal in terms of total cost is 3.1%.Practical implications: Government of city of Jakarta can improve effectiveness and efficiency of the food supply chain by implementing the LIRP model.Social implications: Citizens of Jakarta are well provided with their needs of vegetables and fruits.Originality/value: The first LIRP model that considers multiple links to represent road networks in cities. The LIRP model developed in this paper consists of probabilistic demands, multi products, and multi echelons. Traditional markets, UCCs (urban consolidation centers) and province of suppliers are the places where decisions of inventory made.
Existence and asymptotic profiles of the steady state for a diffusive epidemic model with saturated incidence and spontaneous infection mechanism
Authors: Sun Xueying , Cui Renhao
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we are concerned with a reaction-diffusion SIS epidemic model with saturated incidence rate, linear source and spontaneous infection mechanism. We derive the uniform bounds of parabolic system and obtain the global asymptotic stability of the constant steady state in a homogeneous environment. Moreover, the existence of the positive steady state is established. We mainly analyze the effects of diffusion, saturation and spontaneous infection on the asymptotic profiles of the steady state. These results show that the linear source and spontaneous infection can enhance the persistence of an infectious disease. Our mathematical approach is based on topological degree theory, singular perturbation technique, the comparison principles for elliptic equations and various elliptic estimates.
Making a Global Image of the World: Science, Cosmography and Navigation in Times of the First Circumnavigation of Earth, 1492-1522
Authors: Sánchez Antonio
Published: October 2021

The voyages of exploration and discovery during the period of European maritime expansion and the immense amount of information and artefacts they produced about our knowledge of the world have maintained a difficult, if not non-existent, relationship with the main historiographical lines of the history of early modern science. This article attempts to problematize this relationship based on a historical account that seeks to highlight the scientific and institutional mechanisms that made the Magellan-Elcano voyage, the first modern voyage, possible. The text argues that this voyage was the first modern voyage because it allowed the construction of a new scientific and cartographic image of the globe and contributed to our understanding of the world as a global world, altering the foundations on which modern European economic and geographic thought was based. In that sense, the voyage was something extraordinary, but not completely unexpected. It responded to a complex process of expansionary policy and technical development that dated back to the 15th century, which in 1519 was sufficiently articulated to carry out a great feat.
On the Translation of Founding Narratives into Cartographic Images: America in Le Testu’s Cosmographie Universelle (1556)
Authors: Martínez Carolina
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes the links between the first travel accounts of the New World and the production of cartographic images of America in Guillaume Le Testu’s Cosmographie Universelle (1556). Produced in 1556 and dedicated to Admiral of France Gaspard de Coligny, the Norman pilot’s manuscript atlas was created in the context of growing French colonial interest in Terra Brasilis. The transposition of America’s founding narratives into cartographic images as presented in Le Testu’s Cosmographie is interpreted here as an act of translation lato sensu. The translation of the continent’s travel accounts in the strictest sense of the word, and the adaptation of New World information to new audiences and political contexts are also examined in the analysis of this manuscript nautical atlas.
Mapping Skies and Continents: The Production of Two Portuguese Scientific Atlases in the Era of Napoleonic Expansion (1799-1813)
Authors: Kantor Iris , Haddad Thomás A. S.
Published: October 2021

To what extend the circulation of scientific knowledge was shaped by the European imperial geopolitics in the late-eighteenth century? Recruited to fulfill tasks increasingly considered essential to the very workings of imperial administrations, scientific practitioners of the time paradoxically seem to make use precisely of this encroachment in state apparatuses to secure some degree of autonomy for their nascent field. Thus, every material form of circulation of scientific information must be ultimately understood as an act of political consequences. Here we present these ideas through the analysis of two concrete scientific artifacts, which can exemplify the circulation of scientific information inside and across empires: two atlases, one terrestrial and one celestial (the latter being a version of Flamsteed’s famous atlas of 1729, by way of intermediate French editions), produced in Portugal at the turn of the nineteenth century. Discarding the simple assumption that such cartographic artifacts might have a “utilitarian” use to Portuguese imperial administration, we aim to insist on their political and communicative nature, grounded on their modes of participation in trans-imperial pathways of circulation of knowledge, people, practices, and models of scientific authority (entangling Britain, France, and the Americas in multiple time scales). We also highlight how the atlases contribute to the affirmation of new patriotic science in Portugal, and explore the markedly didactic vocation of both objects, which also stress the question of the recruitment and reproduction of a new kind of imperial elite.
Personal Empires: Mapping, Local Networks, and the Control of Land in the Lower Mississippi Valley
Authors: Franco Matthew E.
Published: October 2021

The Louisiana and Florida territories sat at the intersection of empires in the late eighteenth century. Between 1750 and 1820 the area was controlled by the French and Spanish empires, the emerging United States of America, as well as the Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole nations. While political surveys produced images of the moving borders between sovereign powers, cadastral surveys show the constancy of local landowners. Landowners superseded national distinction and were a constant in an area in the midst of great change. As control of the region shifted, landowning families continued their way of life. The continued circulation of Spanish cadastral surveys after the transfer of the region to the United States of America shows how Spanish spatial representations of property ownership shaped the image of the Lower Mississippi Valley.
Paris en chantier : exhumer le carnaval par le trou des Halles
Authors: Bauchard Vincent
Published: October 2021

La destruction des Halles de Paris en 1971 est vécue par la population parisienne comme une véritable agression de la part des pouvoirs publics. De ce chantier interminable laissant un gouffre béant en plein cœur de la capitale plusieurs années durant, nous ne trouvons plus beaucoup de traces. Le « Trou des Halles » semble s'être progressivement effacé dans la mémoire collective. Quelques cinéastes ont pourtant essayé de conserver ce souvenir, en tournant leurs films au moment même où le Paris d'avant-guerre disparaissait. En 1973, Philippe Haudiquet signe un court documentaire sur la destruction des Halles, sobrement intitulé Les Halles, 1973. En 1974, Marco Ferreri met en scène, dans le trou même, une parodie de western, Touche pas à la femme blanche ! et Pierre Tchernia imagine une guerre fantaisiste entre des défenseurs du patrimoine, réfugiés dans les sous-sols de Paris, et le Ministre des Travaux Publics. Témoins privilégiés d'une « folie de l'urbanisation » des années 1970, ces trois films prennent position contre les pouvoirs publics en convoquant, chacun à leur manière, les formes populaires du carnaval.
Teaching Across the Demographic Divide With Latinx Texts on Immigration
Authors: Gueta Darci L. , Babino Alexandra
Published: October 2021

This chapter presents a preliminary introduction into the topic of Latinx immigration in texts. To begin, the authors discuss the demographic divide between majoritarian teachers and multiply minoritized students in the U.S. literacy classroom. Then, the authors briefly share their experiences regarding their work in light of major trends relating to literacy teaching before outlining the key tenets of culturally relevant and culturally sustaining pedagogies. The majority of the chapter will focus on detailing how teachers can support Latinx students around the topic of immigration by providing examples of culturally relevant and sustaining practices with an abbreviated lesson plan of how to facilitate discourse addressing the topic of immigration using a text featuring Latinx characters.
The Power of Love
Authors: Maxwell Marie
Published: October 2021

Reading for pleasure, or aesthetic reading, brings about a colossal number of benefits. Only half of Americans can say they read even one book a year for pleasure. The rate of teachers who read for pleasure is approximately the same as the general public. The standards-based approach to education, which resulted in a surge of standards-based testing, has not resulted in a significant improvement in reading teaching or learning for students. In fact, the achievement gap and the plight of the struggling learner has not improved at all. The standards-based testing movement may be partially to blame for the reduction in reading enjoyment. Increasing a love of reading in students can make a significant impact on a student's academic career. The teachers now in the classroom do not have a love a reading to model or pass on to students. Teachers have the power to impact how students feel about reading. As higher education instructors it is time to take actions that will bring about more success for our students and their students.
Blockchain Technology in the Food Supply Chain
Authors: David Arokiaraj , Kumar C. Ganesh , Paul P. Victer
Published: October 2021

This paper explains about the feasibility of Blockchain Technology in food organization. The technology of BCT helps the organizations to achieve integrity among peer-to-peer nodes, such as maintaining proof of work, reducing intermediaries, traceability, etc. It can be applied in the BCT at different levels of Supply Chain Management processes. This empirical study was conducted with the help of the primary data. The data was collected from food industry managers who have knowledge about the BCT in the process of supply chain management. The questionnaire was prepared based on the different supply chain activities like procurement, pre-processing, logistics, warehousing, inventory management, distribution, retailing, processing, and marketing activities. Based on the literature and data analysis, the BCT had the greatest advantages are cost reduction, traceability, time-saving, immutability, authentication and proof of work. The major weaknesses that are associated with present employees having a lack of knowledge, limited scalability, complexity in usage, and high initial cost.
A Multicenter Study to Identify the Respiratory Pathogens Associated with Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korea
Authors: Lee Hyun Woo , Sim Yun Su , Jung Ji Ye , Seo Hyewon , Park Jeong-Woong , Min Kyung Hoon , Lee Jae Ha , Kim Byung-Keun , Lee Myung Goo , Oh Yeon-Mok , Ra Seung Won , Kim Tae-Hyung , Hwang Yong il , Rhee Chin Kook , Joo Hyonsoo , Lee Eung Gu , Lee Jin Hwa , Park Hye Yun , Kim Woo Jin , Um Soo-Jung , Choi Joon Young , Lee Chang-Hoon , An Tai Joon , Park Yeonhee , Yoon Young-Soon , Park Joo Hun , Yoo Kwang Ha , Kim Deog Kyeom
Published: October 2021

Background: Although respiratory tract infection is one of the most important factors triggering acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD), limited data are available to suggest an epidemiologic pattern of microbiology in South Korea.Methods: A multicenter observational study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2018 across 28 hospitals in South Korea. Adult patients with moderate-to-severe acute exacerbations of COPD were eligible to participate in the present study. The participants underwent all conventional tests to identify etiology of microbial pathogenesis. The primary outcome was the percentage of different microbiological pathogens causing AE-COPD. A comparative microbiological analysis of the patients with overlapping asthma–COPD (ACO) and pure COPD was performed.Results: We included 1,186 patients with AE-COPD. Patients with pure COPD constituted 87.9% and those with ACO accounted for 12.1%. Nearly half of the patients used an inhaled corticosteroid-containing regimen and one-fifth used systemic corticosteroids. Respiratory pathogens were found in 55.3% of all such patients. Bacteria and viruses were detected in 33% and 33.2%, respectively. Bacterial and viral coinfections were found in 10.9%. The most frequently detected bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%), and the most frequently detected virus was influenza A (10.4%). Multiple bacterial infections were more likely to appear in ACO than in pure COPD (8.3% vs. 3.6%, p=0.016).Conclusion: Distinct microbiological patterns were identified in patients with moderate-to-severe AE-COPD in South Korea. These findings may improve evidence-based management of patients with AE-COPD and represent the basis for further studies investigating infectious pathogens in patients with COPD.
Predictive Maintenance of Commercial Vehicle Brakes using Acoustic Monitoring
Authors: Hearing Brian , Alden Andrew , Grove Kevin
Published: October 2021

This study evaluated the performance of a new approach for detecting problems with commercial vehicle brakes based on the analysis of sounds emitted during braking. Commercial vehicle brakes emit ultrasonic energy inaudible to humans as part of the friction process, and the spectral distribution of these sounds is highly dependent on the mechanical condition of the brakes. Data collected from a commercial vehicle fleet found that the acoustic signature changes as friction linings wear. This conforms with the acoustic theory that the resonant frequency of an object increases with its decrease in mass. The use of this information to inform maintenance operations is promising in that the scheduling of visual brake inspections could be based on acoustic wear patterns rather than arbitrary time intervals and the observation of anomalous signals that might indicate more immediate concerns. This could reduce maintenance labor and address issues more quickly as compared to visual inspections based on time intervals.
Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles
Authors:   Muelaner Engineering, Ltd., Muelaner Jody
Published: October 2021

While direct electrification appears to provide the most cost-effective route to decarbonization of commercial vehicles, uptake may be constrained by critical metal supply. Additionally, it will be many years before hydrogen power becomes decarbonized or if it can ever compete economically with direct electrification. An electric road system (ERS) could offer a highly efficient and cost-effective route to direct electrification that would greatly reduce the volume of batteries required, but pilot schemes are urgently needed to provide concrete data on operating costs for different ERS technologies. Furthermore, if plug-in hybrid electric vehicles could obtain most of their power from an ERS, liquid biofuels and “electrofuels” may prove useful for occasional off-grid range extension. To achieve extremely long-range for operation in remote locations, liquid fuels remain the only viable option. Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles discusses the analysis required to understand the lifecycle energy use for different power options for decarbonized commercial vehicles.
O agonistycznej naturze przekładu. Notatki z lektury Traduction et violence Tiphaine Samoyault
Authors: Skibińska Elżbieta
Published: October 2021

The Agonistic Nature of Translation. Notes on Traduction et violence by Tiphaine Samoyault

The article discusses the ideas from the book Traduction et violence by Tiphaine Samoyault, professor of literary and comparative studies at the Sorbonne, literary critic and translator. Samoyault’s book is part of a current of reflection on translation showing that translation is used not only to facilitate human communication and contact, but also appears in situations of tension and conflict. The author refers to theoretical works in translation research and to testimonies (including literary ones) showing the use of translation when an element of domination or violence is at stake. Inspired by the political thought of Chantal Mouffe, she borrows the concept of agonism and distinguishes “translation antagonisms”. This term refers to the connections of translation with a struggle between languages, whose manifestations may be external (historical antagonisms, visible, for example, in colonization processes or – in the most extreme form – in extermination camps) or internal (antagonisms, visible in the act of translation as a “war of languages”). The remarks on Samoyault’s book close with a brief indication of the applicability of her perspective to research on the functioning of translation in Polish history.
SNSF Datastory - SNSF gender monitoring: are women underrepresented or underfunded?
Authors: Heyard Rachel , Ott Manuela
Published: October 2021

The Swiss research landscape suffers from a chronic underrepresentation of women. This can also be seen in the share of women applying for funding at the SNSF. But how did this share evolve over time? And have women been less successful to raise funds?
ВТОРИЧНОЕ СЫРЬЕ РАДИОАКТИВНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ
Authors: Колобов Г.А. , Кириченко А.Г. , Личконенко Н.В. , Павлов В.В. , Панова В.О.
Published: October 2021

Приведены основные виды вторичного сырья радиоактивных металлов. Рассмотрены технологии пере-работки отработанного ядерного топлива и некоторых видов отходов атомного производства, включая про-цессы получения из них радионуклида молибден-99.
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING OF NbN/Cu MULTILAYER COATINGS BY CHANGING THE THICKNESS OF THE LAYERS AND THE MAGNITUDE OF THE BIAS POTENTIAL DURING DEPOSITION
Authors: Sobol’ O.V. , Andreev A.A. , Stolbovoy V.A. , Kolesnikov D.A. , Kovaleva M.G. , Meylekhov A.A. , Postelnyk Н.О. , Dolomanov А.V. , Sagaidashnikov Yu.Ye. , Kraievska Zh.V.
Published: October 2021

To determine the patterns of structural engineering of vacuum-arc coatings based on niobium nitride in the NbN/Cu multilayer composition, the effect of layer thickness and bias potential on the structural-phase state and physico-mechanical characteristics of vacuum-arc coatings was studied. It was found that the metastable δ-NbN phase (cubic crystal lattice, structural type NaCl) is formed in thin layers (about 8 nm thick) regardless of Ub. With a greater thickness of the layers of niobium nitride (in the multilayer NbN/Cu composition), the phase composition changes from metastable δ-NbN to the equilibrium ε-NbN phase with a hexagonal crystal lattice. An increase in the bias potential during deposition from -50 to -200 V mainly affects the change in the preferential orientation of crystallite growth. The highest hardness (28.2 GРa) and adhesive resistance is achieved in coatings obtained at Ub = -200 V with the smallest layer thickness. The highest hardness corresponds to the structurally deformed state in which the crystallite texture is formed with the [100] axis perpendicular to the growth surface, as well as a large microstrain (1.5%) in crystallites.
Manejo de intercorrências durante o uso dos imunobiológicos: infecções, gestação e neoplasias
Authors: Oliveira Thauana L. , Savioli Bruna , Magalhães Vanessa , Pinheiro Marcelo de Medeiros
Published: October 2021

Os agentes imunobiológicos (ImBiol) têm sido cada vez mais utilizados no tratamento de artropatias inflamatórias crônicas (AICs) e doenças reumatológicas autoimunes (DRAI). O entendimento de seu mecanismo de ação, farmacocinética e reações adversas é fundamental para o planejamento terapêutico, tomada de decisão e manejo das intercorrências que possam acontecer ao longo do tratamento, sejam elas diretamente relacionadas ou não aos ImBiol. Nosso objetivo é apontar as principais condutas que o reumatologista deveria tomar diante das situações listadas a seguir, de modo prático, e baseadas na literatura vigente.
Depressão, ansiedade e disfunção cognitiva no lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: da fisiopatologia à abordagem neuropsicológica
Authors: Alessi Helena
Published: October 2021

As síndromes neuropsiquiátricas em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) são comuns e apresentam características diversas. Podem ser classificadas em manifestações difusas, como depressão e psicose; ou focais, como mielite transversa e acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Dentre as 19 síndromes neuropsiquiátricas descritas pelo American College of Rheumathology (ACR), as mais frequentes entre pacientes adultos são: cefaleias (20-40%), disfunção cognitiva (DC) (10-20%), transtornos de humor (10-20%), crises convulsivas (7-10%), doença cerebrovascular (7-10%) e ansiedade (4-8%). Apesar das prevalências superiores às observadas na população geral, permanece a discussão se tais síndromes são consequências diretas da doença autoimune ou secundárias a seus efeitos e a seu tratamento. A ocorrência de eventos neuropsiquiátricos no LES está associada a pior prognóstico, diminuição da qualidade de vida, maiores taxas de abandono escolar e de desemprego.
O perfil comportamental queixoso, emocionalmente dependente e disfuncional para aspectos práticos do cotidiano é frequente entre os pacientes com LES. Estudos mostram que mesmo indivíduos sem histórico de comprometimento neurológico apresentam alterações neuropsiquiátricas difusas como depressão e DC. Modelos animais e estudos com pacientes demonstraram mudanças estruturais e funcionais em determinadas regiões cerebrais como amígdala, corpo caloso e hipocampo, fundamentais para o processamento emocional e cognitivo. Outros estudos apontam alterações de fluxo sanguíneo cerebral e nas taxas de concentração de metabólicos referentes a lesão neuronal, revelando possíveis mecanismos de dano silenciosos.
Este artigo visa a discutir os principais aspectos biopsicossociais relacionados com transtorno de humor, ansiedade e DC no LES, e apresentar evidências de diferentes técnicas utilizadas pela neuropsicologia para a abordagem dessas síndromes.
Autoanticorpos no LES: da patogenia a sua importância na prática clínica
Authors: Pasoto Sandra Gofinet , Bonfá Eloisa Silva Dutra de Oliveira
Published: October 2021

Pode-se dizer que o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é o protótipo das doenças inflamatórias crônicas sistêmicas. De fato, múltiplos sistemas orgânicos podem ser acometidos de forma simultânea ou evolutivamente, levando a um espectro muito amplo de apresentações clínicas, composto especialmente por manifestações decorrentes do envolvimento mucocutâneo (tais como fotossensibilidade, diferentes formas de erupções cutâneas, alopecia, úlceras de mucosas, lesões vasculíticas), poliartralgias/poliartrite, pleurite, pericardite, glomerulonefrite (hipertensão arterial sistêmica, hematúria microscópica, proteinúria, insuficiência renal aguda e crônica), alterações hematológicas (anemia, leucopenia, linfopenia, plaquetopenia) e acometimento do sistema nervoso central (que pode ocasionar convulsões, psicose, meningite asséptica, síndrome cerebral orgânica, etc.). Além disso, seu curso evolutivo é caracterizado pela alternância entre períodos de exacerbação (doença ativa) e remissão. A etiologia do LES ainda é desconhecida, mas a sua patogênese é sabidamente autoimune. Nesse aspecto, uma das características mais marcantes do LES e que reflete a ativação policlonal das células B observada nessa doença consiste na produção de múltiplos autoanticorpos circulantes, levando à formação de imunocomplexos, os quais, desencadeando o processo inflamatório, constituem uma importante causa de lesão orgânica no LES.