bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A medicalização da educação: implicações para a constituição do sujeito/aprendiz
Authors: Signor Rita de Cassia Fernandes , Berberian Ana Paula , Santana Ana Paula
Published: November 2016

Resumo O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) gera controvérsias entre os pesquisadores da área da saúde. A corrente organicista defende que o transtorno seria decorrente de uma desordem neurobiológica, de origem genética. Contrariando o paradigma hegemônico, pesquisadores alinhados à vertente sócio-histórica entendem o TDAH como parte de um fenômeno denominado medicalização da educação. Este estudo pretende refletir sobre a construção social do TDAH (da entrada na escola ao diagnóstico médico) e suas implicações para a subjetividade, socialização e aprendizagem do aluno considerado resistente ao que a escola propõe. Esta pesquisa se constitui em análise de caso, pesquisa de campo, qualitativa, do tipo transversal, inserida em um paradigma teórico-metodológico de cunho sócio-histórico (BAKHTIN, 2006; VYGOTSKY, 2010). Para análise da história de uma criança de 10 anos de idade e com diagnóstico de TDAH, foram realizadas entrevistas com professores, com a mãe e com a criança, observação em sala de aula, avaliação fonoaudiológica e pesquisa documental (material pedagógico, pareceres avaliativos das escolas frequentadas pela criança, pareceres de profissionais de saúde etc.). Os resultados apontam que, quando se investiga em profundidade a qualidade das interações sociais em que a criança esteve/está inserida, é possível que se compreendam as bases socioeducacionais que constituem o suposto transtorno.
Axial behaviour of jacket piles for offshore wind turbines
Authors: Isorna Rocio , Blanc Matthieu , Thorel Luc , Kotronis Panagiotis , Dano Christophe , Philippe Maxime
Published: November 2016

To improve our understanding and to quantify the behaviour of a jacket foundation for offshore wind turbines, several tests have been conducted using a geotechnical centrifuge at 100g. The monotonic tension and compression tests carried out on single small-scale model piles (prototype dimensions: 1·8 m in diameter and an embedment depth of 40 m in dense sand) jacked at 1g and 100g show the influence of the set-up method on the axial ultimate capacity and on the tip and shaft resistances. The pile axial capacity in compression is improved, whereas the normalised displacement of the pile is bigger in tension when piles are jacked at 1g. Vertical cyclic loads on single piles jacked at 1g (pure tension tests or two-way tests) and horizontal cyclic loads on a four-pile jacket structure are applied to examine the behaviour under more realistic loading paths. The piles of the jacket structure are considered and studied as singles piles. Finally, the stability diagrams for the single and the jacket piles are discussed to visualise the significant difference in performance of a single pile against the comparable pile in the jacket.
Ultimate bearing capacity of reinforced saturated ground
Authors: Huang Ching-Chuan
Published: November 2016

Results of model tests on saturated horizontal ground reinforced with geosynthetic reinforcement are analysed using an extended formula for the ultimate bearing capacity ratio (BCRr). Three components are considered in this formula, namely the bearing capacity ratio induced by the deep-footing mechanism (BCRd), that induced by the wide-slab effect (BCRs) and that induced by apparent cohesion (or negative excess pore water pressure) (BCRc). The calculated BCRr values for saturated reinforced ground agree well with measured values (BCRm) within a maximum error of 12·5%. For a low reinforcement placement density (Rd = 2), values of BCRd can be as high as 70% of the BCRr, suggesting the importance of the deep-footing effect in a lightly reinforced ground. In the case of high Rd (= 12), the contributions of BCRs and BCRc to BCRr become significant for saturated reinforced grounds.
The Relevance of Four Types of Knowledge for Leader Preparation in Radically Different Settings: Reflections on Data from a Case Study in Qatar and Teaching at a United States Military Academy
Authors: Bakken Richard , Dobbs James
Published: November 2016

Based on our experiences at a military service academy and the study of leadership informing administrators in overseas branch campuses, we propose a link between conceptual leadership development in these learning environments and the relevance of the four types of knowledge - declarative, procedural, contextual, and somatic for educational administrators and leadership educators.  Demonstrating an appropriate and experiential frame of reference through application of the knowledge types can help inform students and educational leaders about contextual applications of leadership and affect leadership development in diverse educational settings. Our paper also discusses application challenges and impact on future learning environments.  Through examination of the chosen environments we maintain that effective leader development requires a balance between institution-centered experiential exercises and learner-centered pedagogy based on the contextual learning environments explored. 
VULNERABILIDADES NO ENVOLVIMENTO FEMININO COM DROGAS: UM ESTUDO COM MULHERES EM SITUAÇÃO DE PRISÃO
Authors: Thomaz Geisa Copello , Oliveira Jeane Freitas de , Ferreira Bispo Tânia Christiane Ferreira
Published: November 2016

Introdução: O envolvimento feminino com as drogas se dá de diferentes maneiras. A maioria das mulheres ainda ocupam posição coadjuvante neste tipo de crime, mas seja qual for a forma de participação, constitui um elemento de vulnerabilidade para essas mulheres. Objetivo: O presente artigo teve como objetivo descrever elementos de vulnerabilidade no envolvimento feminino com drogas.  Metodologia: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida com onze mulheres de uma penitenciária feminina de Salvador, BA, que cumpriam sentença por infrações relacionadas ao fenômeno das drogas. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se as técnicas de desenho estória-tema e a entrevista semiestruturada, cujo conteúdo foi analisado pela análise de conteúdo temática, norteada pelos princípios da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados: Para as entrevistadas a influência de companheiro e amigos, traumas/revoltas da vida, dificuldades financeiras e a busca de visibilidade e poder foram apontados como elementos de vulnerabilidade para seu envolvimento com as drogas. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados pelas mulheres em situação de prisãorefletem a condição da mulher num contexto de desigualdades e na busca de visibilidade, cujo consumo de drogas e a participação no narcotráfico se apresentam como estratégias de enfrentamento. Essas estratégias, contudo, ocasionam, dentre outros aspectos, situações de sofrimento para as próprias mulheres e seus familiares.
RISCOS OCUPACIONAIS: PERCEPÇÃO DE ENFERMEIROS DE UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO
Authors: Paiva Leite Jarbas Willian , Araujo Giovana Fernandes
Published: November 2016

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a percepção dos enfermeiros quanto aos riscos ocupacionais existentes nas unidades de clínicas médica e cirúrgica de um hospital público. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, de natureza qualitativa, realizado em um hospital público, de grande porte, localizado em um município do Sudoeste da Bahia. A população foi composta por 11 enfermeiros que atuam nos períodos matutino e vespertino nas unidades de clínica médica e cirúrgica. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de01 a30 de março de 2016, através de entrevista gravada utilizando-se um roteiro semiestruturado elaborado e aplicado pelo pesquisador, individualmente, no local de trabalho, em horário previamente determinado com os participantes. Os dados foram analisados visando à identificação das categorias e unidades temáticas a partir da utilização do referencial de Bardin. A partir da análise das respostas emergiram três categorias, a saber: 1- concepção de riscos ocupacionais; 2- Riscos percebidos no ambiente de trabalho e 3 – Medidas de prevenção de acidentes e adoecimentos utilizadas no ambiente de trabalho. O foco dos entrevistados, quanto aos riscos ocupacionais, é o risco biológico e, consequentemente, o uso de EPI para este risco é a medida de prevenção mais utilizada. Conclui-se que há a necessidade da educação permanente a respeito de todos os riscos ocupacionais existentes no ambiente de trabalho, bem como a sensibilização da instituição quanto às dificuldades vivenciadas por esses profissionais relacionadas à sobrecarga de trabalho e aos recursos materiais.
CAUSAS DO ATRASO DO CALENDÁRIO VACINAL EM MENORES DE DOIS ANOS
Authors: Pereira Alcione Matos , Ivo Olguimar Pereira
Published: November 2016

Introdução: Imunização é o processo de tornar o corpo humano imune a determinado patógeno, e tem como objetivo prevenir as doenças prevalentes na infância e/ou reduzir, ao máximo, o seu aparecimento. Objetivo: analisar as causas que levam ao não cumprimento do calendário vacinal em crianças menores de dois anos; identificar o nível de instrução dos pais/responsáveis que não cumprem o calendário vacinal infantil, verificar seu conhecimento acerca das consequências oriundas da não vacinação específica. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo- exploratório, de natureza quali-quantitativa, associado à pesquisa documental e à análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: Na fase documental foram analisadas (n=84) cadernetas de vacinação infantil, das quais (n=34) apresentaram atraso vacinal, o que corresponde ao número de amostra para o questionário semiestruturado. A maioria dos responsáveis, 76,5%(n=26) estudou até o nível fundamental e recebeu informações acerca da vacinação. O maior predomínio de vacinas atrasadas foi verificado em menores de 1 (um) ano de idade, 64,7%(n=22). A vacina em maior atraso foi a da Febre Amarela,com 15,51% (n=9). Conclusão: Ao final do estudo, verificamos que as principais causas do atraso vacinal infantil em menores de 2(dois) anos estão relacionadas aos motivos pessoais dos responsáveis e à falha da gestão de saúde do município, caracterizada pela falta de vacina na unidade de saúde, situação mais comumente citada pelos entrevistados.
A AMAMENTAÇÃO COMO MÉTODO NÃO FARMACOLÓGICO PARA O ALÍVIO DA DOR
Authors: De Andrade Calasans Maria Thais , Maia Júlia Martins Azevedo , Silva Juliete Figueiredo
Published: November 2016

A dor pode ser descrita como uma experiência sensorial e emocional desagradável associada a uma lesão real ou potencial para os tecidos do corpo. A existência de escalas para a avaliação da dor somadas às intervenções não-farmacológicas, auxiliam na prevenção e no controle álgico.O presente estudo objetivou identificar a relação da amamentação como alívio da dor, comparando com outros métodos não-farmacológicos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo integrativa, com base em publicações no período de 2004 a 2014, disponíveis na base de dados LILACS e CINAHL, em língua portuguesa, espanhola ou inglesa, a partir dos descritores “dor”, “amamentação” e “recém-nascido”. A amostra final foi construída por 14 artigos que geraram duas categorias, sendo essas: “A dor em criança” e “O aleitamento materno como medida não farmacológica para o alívio da dor”. Dentre os métodos não farmacológicos utilizados nas pesquisas, a amamentação foi a mais aplicada por ser o foco do estudo, no entanto, não é a opção mais empregada pelos profissionais na prática. As outras medidas que obtiveram uma maior implementação nas unidades de saúde foram a utilização da sacarose, a sucção não-nutritiva e o contato pele a pele, respectivamente. Diversos estudos trazem medidas não farmacológicas para o controle da dor, sendo a amamentação a que obteve uma superioridade significativa quando comparada a outros métodos. Entretanto, poucos profissionais estão capacitados para identificação da dor, bem como para a realização de intervenções de alívio.
Successful Restoration of Severely Mutilated Primary Incisors Using a Novel Method to Retain Zirconia Crowns – Two Year Results
Authors: El Shahawy Osama Ibrahim , O'Connell Anne C
Published: November 2016

Aim: This manuscript describes a simple reliable technique for restoring severely mutilated primary anterior teeth. A rigid glass ionomer post is created over which zirconia crowns can be fitted to achieve a long-term stable esthetic restoration for primary anterior teeth. Study design: Children aged 2–5 years with two up to six extensively decayed upper primary incisors were included. Fuji IX was condensed into an intracanal space created to a depth of 3mm, to provide a core which also extended 3mm supragingivally. Crown preparations were completed upon these cores. Zirconia crowns (Nusmile, Houston Texas USA) were fitted and cemented over the prepared cores. All patients were recalled at regular intervals. Results: Twenty-three healthy children with 86 restorations participated in the study. The overall survival of the restorations was 95.3% after 12 months and 80.2% after 24 months. According to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the median survival time was not reached while the estimated mean survival time was 22.9 months. Conclusions: This newly described clinical technique is simple and reliable to use for restoration of extensively decayed primary incisors. Use of zirconia crowns retained using this technique offers superior esthetic, durable restorations with remarkable gingival response up to 24 months.
Lecturas de Eisenman. La obra temprana de Peter Eisenman y experiencias artísticas contemporáneas
Authors: Del Castillo Sánchez Óscar
Published: November 2016

Este trabajo se propone profundizar, a partir de determinados análisis precedentes sobre la materia, en las relaciones entre forma y significado planteadas en la obra temprana del arquitecto Peter Eisenman quien, apoyándose en principios teóricos procedentes de la semiótica, pretende llevar a cabo una refundación disciplinar basada en la reducción de lo arquitectónico a su aspecto sintáctico, con una exclusión, en particular, del significado. La confrontación de este planteamiento tanto con experiencias artísticas coetáneas paralelas como con los cambios acaecidos en el ámbito de la filosofía por esos años, así como la crítica desde la disciplina arquitectónica, mostrarán las dificultades del programa eisenmaniano.
El Gobierno Civil de Tarragona. Conexiones y vigencia de la obra de Alejandro de la Sota a través de la lectura de cuatro obras de arquitectura contemporánea en Galicia
Authors: Barge Ferreiros Santiago , Bouza Cora María Belén
Published: November 2016

Recién cumplidos los 50 años de su inauguración, que acaecieó el 1 de octubre de 1964, el edificio del Gobierno Civil de Tarragona se mantiene como uno de los hitos más importantes en la carrera de Alejandro de la Sota y de la arquitectura española de la segunda mitad del S.XX.El artículo identifica una serie de conexiones e influencias, a través de la aplicación de determinados conceptos arquitectónicos, que el Gobierno Civil ha transmitido a lo largo del tiempo hasta nuestros días. Para ello se analizan cuatro ejemplos destacados en el panorama actual de la arquitectura contemporánea en Galicia.
Historia del arte para incrédulos. José Ramón Soraluce Blond
Authors: López Salas Estefanía
Published: November 2016

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Sospecha de estiércol. Josep Maria y la casa Mañach. Josep Llinás
Authors: Iglesias Sanz Carlos Miguel
Published: November 2016

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João Mendes Ribeiro, un arquitecto que traballa nas artes escénicas
Authors: Paz-Agras Luz , López-Bahut Emma
Published: November 2016

Entrevista ao arquitecto portugués João Mendes Ribeiro na que se profundiza nas conexións entre a arquitectura e a escenografía. Dende a súa ampla experiencia, fala das diferenzas, dos procesos e metodoloxías que son común a ámbolas disciplinas e aqueles aspectos que claramente as diferencian. Repasando criticamente os seus proxectos arquitectónicos e de escenografía, dende os seus inicios ata as súas últimas obras ligadas á rehabilitación, establécense relacións e trázase a súa evolución. Máis alá dunha lectura cronolóxica, esta revisión permite entender, dende a súa ollada como arquitecto, as transferencias da escenografía ás súas obras construídas.
Present Prospectus of Malnutrition in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Reyad-ul-Ferdous Md. , Rahman Mohammad Atiqur , Ahmed Al Imran , Rahman Mehedi , Zaman Antara Mehzabeen
Published: November 2016

Malnutrition is both over nutrition and under nutrition. As in Bangladesh the rapidity of under nutrition is too elevated, although slow, the rate of overweight and obesity in children and women is also rising. Under-nutrition results from micronutrient including essential vitamins and minerals deficiencies and both macro (protein energy deficiency). Malnutrition is anticipated to be causes of about 60% of maternal childhood and deaths in Bangladesh. Development in overall nutritional condition has been sluggish over the years. Rate of feasting and underweight both remain inappropriately very high in the country still.
Корпоративная политика организаций
Authors: Календжян Сергей Оганович , Николаева Мария Андреевна
Published: November 2016

В статье рассмотрены основные понятия в области корпоративной политики организаций, ее структурные элементы. Определены намерения, возможности и основные направления корпоративного управления организацией, а также основания для выбора этих направлений и возможные риски при их реализации.
Повышение эффективности предприятий общественного питания за счет оптимизации налоговых и страховых выплат
Authors: Савкина Раиса Васильевна
Published: November 2016

В статье рассматриваются пути повышения эффективности путем оптимизации налоговых и страховых выплат предприятиями общественного питания с учетом законодательно-нормативных документов 2016 года. Правильный выбор организационно-правовой формы, режима налогообложения позволяет сократить их налоговую нагрузку в 3 и более раза и повысить рентабельность. Даются рекомендации по обеспечению условий применения специальных налоговых режимов. Доказывается необходимость планирования налоговой нагрузки даже в условиях высокой неопределенности бизнес-среды.
Выставочно-ярмарочная деятельность России в 2015 году: итоги и тенденции
Authors: Свешникова Дарья Вячеславовна
Published: November 2016

В статье представлены результаты анализа состояния рынка выставочных услуг в Российской Федерации на конец 2015 года - начало 2016 года. Автором описываются особенности и наметившиеся тенденции, присущие российскому выставочному рынку в условиях действия экономических санкций. Данное направление дополняется рассмотрением результатов функционирования международного авиационно - космического салона МАКС -2015.
Comparison of Cannabinoid Concentrations in Plasma, Oral Fluid and Urine in Occasional Cannabis Smokers After Smoking Cannabis Cigarette
Authors: Marsot Amélie , Audebert Christine , Attolini Laurence , Lacarelle Bruno , Micallef Joelle , Blin Olivier
Published: November 2016

Purpose. A randomized cross-over, double blind placebo controlled study of smoked cannabis was carried out on occasional cannabis smokers. The objective of this research was to describe the pharmacokinetic parameters of THC and its metabolites in plasma, oral fluid and urine, from samples obtained simultaneously to provide estimations of THC and metabolites concentrations after smoking a cannabis cigarette. Methods. Blood, oral fluid and urine samples were collected until up to 72 h after smoking the cannabis cigarette (4% of delta-9-tetrathydrocannabinol (THC)). THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH were analyzed by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from these data. Results. Eighteen male healthy adults participated in the study. In total, 560 plasma, 288 oral fluid and 448 urine samples were quantified for cannabinoids. Plasma, oral fluid and urine pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. A wide range of median THC Cmax (1.6-160.0 µg/L and 55.4-123120.0 µg/L in plasma and oral fluid, respectively), 11-OH-THC Cmax (0-11.1 µg/L in plasma) and THC-COOH Cmax (1.0-56.3 µg/L in plasma) was observed. When expressed as a percentage of the total available THC dose, and corrected for molar equivalents, mean percentage of total THC dose excreted was 1.9 +/-2.5 % with range of 0.2-7.5%. This high inter-individual variability was also observed on other calculated pharmacokinetic parameters. Conclusion. Prediction of plasma THC concentration from THC oral fluid concentration or from THC-COOH urinary concentrations is not feasible due to the large variations observed. The results from this study support the assumption that a positive oral fluid THC result or a positive urine fluid result are indicative of a recent cannabis exposure. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Online Professional Skills Workshops: Perspectives from Distance Education Graduate Students
Authors: Gauvreau Sarah Anne , Hurst Deborah , Cleveland-Innes Martha , Hawranik Pamela
Published: November 2016

While many online graduate students are gaining academic and scholarly knowledge, the opportunities for students to develop and hone professional skills essential for the workplace are lacking. Given the virtual environment of distance learning, graduate students are often expected to glean professional skills such as analytical thinking, self-awareness, flexibility, team-building, and problem-solving inherently through informal means (Cleveland-Innes & Ally, 2012). The goal of this study was to evaluate the experiences of online graduate students participating in synchronous online professional skills workshops. Students attended the sessions from the various graduate programs at an online Canadian university. The discussions from the focus group held at the end of the project were used to achieve the research goals. This paper used a phenomenological lens to accomplish its research goals. The participants reported that they experienced a “sense of community” and learned skills that were not included in their academic programs.
Understanding Cognitive Engagement in Online Discussion: Use of a Scaffolded, Audio-based Argumentation Activity
Authors: Oh Eunjung Grace , Kim Hyun Song
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper is to explore how adult learners engage in asynchronous online discussion through the implementation of an audio-based argumentation activity. The study designed scaffolded audio-based argumentation activities to promote students’ cognitive engagement. The research was conducted in an online graduate course at a liberal arts university. Primary data sources were learners’ text-based discussions, audio-recorded argumentation postings, and semi-structured interviews. Findings indicate that the scaffolded, audio-based argumentation activity helped students achieve higher levels of thinking skills as well as exert greater cognitive efforts during discussions. In addition, most students expressed a positive perception of and satisfaction with their experience. Implications for practice and future research areas are discussed.
Online Learning in a South African Higher Education Institution: Determining the Right Connections for the Student
Authors: Queiros Dorothy Ruth , De Villiers Mary Ruth
Published: November 2016

Online learning is a means of reaching marginalised and disadvantaged students within South Africa. Nevertheless, these students encounter obstacles in online learning. This research investigates South African students’ opinions regarding online learning, culminating in a model of important connections (facets that connect students to their learning and the institution). Most participants had no prior experience with online learning. Their perceptions and barriers to learning may apply to other developing countries as well.

A cross-sequential research design was employed using a survey among 58 fourth-year students who were studying a traditional paper-based module via open distance learning. The findings indicated certain essential connections:  first, a strong social presence (through timely feedback, interaction with facilitators, peer-to-peer contact, discussion forums, and collaborative activities); second, technological aspects (technology access, online learning self-efficacy, and computer self-efficacy); and third, tools (web sites, video clips). The study revealed low levels of computer/internet access at home, which is of concern in an ODL milieu heading online.   Institutions moving to online learning in developing countries should pay close attention to their students’ situations and perceptions, and develop a path that would accommodate both the disadvantaged and techno-savvy students without compromising quality of education and learning. The article culminates in practical recommendations that encompass the main findings to help guide institutions in developing countries as they move towards online teaching and learning.
Política e estética do ruído: violência sonora e silenciamento nos espaços públicos urbanos no Brasil
Authors: Alves Tiago Fernandes
Published: November 2016

Esta investigação é uma reflexão sobre a relação entre violência sonora e o uso dos espaços públicos nos centros urbanos brasileiros, entendendo a relação entre sons e silêncio como proveniente de disputas sociais e políticas de controle sobre os espaços sonoros. O isolamento acústico e o aumento das taxas de decibels sugerem um processo de privatização do espaço público no intuito de evitar as interferências ruidosas das ruas. Identifica-se a perda de lugares de livre discurso e de debate político, violentado pelo ruído e pelo silenciamento isolante. Metodologicamente se utilizou etnografia sonora juntamente com análise das legislações que gestionam o espaço sonoro urbano por meio de caminhadas por ruas e praças com trajetos previamente delimitados. As conclusões demonstram espaços sonoros como territórios de disputa política e social, lugares silenciados tanto pela violência urbana quanto pela violência sonora.
Tensor Properties of Joint Probability Densities on Riemannian Parametric Manifold
Authors: Amiri Manouchehr
Published: November 2016

We show the tensor properties of joint probabilities on a Riemannian parametric manifold. Initially we develop a binary data matrix for parameter measurements of a large number of particles confining in a closed system in order to retrieve the joint probability densities of related parameters. By introducing a new generalized inner product as a multilinear operation on dual basis of parametric space, we extract the set of joint probabilities and prove them to meet contravariant tensor properties in a general Riemannian parametric space. We show these contravariant tensors reduce to classical ordinary partial derivatives definition in ordinary Euclidean parametric space. Finally we prove by a theorem that symmetrized iterative contravariant derivative of cumulative probability function on Riemannian manifold gives the set of joint probabilities in those manifold. We bring some examples for compatibility with physical tensors.
Geography of Food Consumption Patterns between South and North China
Authors: Song Fangfang , Cho Mi Sook
Published: November 2016

The geographical environment, food culture, and dietary habits are substantially different between the southern and northern regions in China. We investigated the associations with dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome between Chinese adult from the southern and northern regions (North: 1249; South: 1849) using data from the Chinese Health and Nutrition 2009 survey. Respectively, four dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis in the two regions. Each dietary pattern of factor score was calculated for three groups by tertile (T1<T2<T3). In the northern region, the association between the Alcohol and Western pattern and the risk of abdominal obesity (OR: 1.31; 95%:1.01, 1.68), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.35; 95%:1.05, 1.74), high fasting blood glucose (OR: 1.37; 95%: 1.05, 1.80), and hypertension (OR: 1.55; 95%: 1.45, 1.99) was increased. In the southern region, the Convenience Food pattern was positively associated with hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.53; 95%: 1.03, 2.26), low HDL-cholesterol (OR: 1.96; 95%: 1.12, 3.43), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.79; 95%: 1.03, 3.11). The Alcohol dietary pattern was positively associated with high fasting blood glucose (OR: 1.83, 95%: 1.13, 2.97). There are some dietary pattern differences in the two regions. It is necessary to consider the factors of food culture and food intake habits in order to provide nutrition education to Chinese individuals from different regions in the future.
Prediction of Rice Water Requirement Using FAO-CROPWAT Model in North Iran under Future Climate Change
Authors: Gilanipour Javad , Gholizadeh Bahram
Published: November 2016

In this paper, Rice water requirement and irrigation water requirement in Amol agro meteorological Station in 2016-2045 are forecasted based on the projected meteorological data of Hadcm3 under A2 scenario. Rice water requirements are estimated by using crop coefficient approach. Reference evapotranspiration are calculated by FAO Penman-Monteith method. Moreover, the irrigation water requirements are simulated by calibrated CROPWAT model using the meteorological parameters. The results show that both crop water requirement and irrigation water requirement present downward trend in the future. In 2016-2045, the rice water requirement and irrigation water requirement decrease by more than 9.9% under A2 scenario, respectively. Furthermore, the precipitation rise may be the main reason for the decrease in crop water requirement, while significant decrease of irrigation water requirement should be attributed to combined action of rising precipitation and a slight increase in temperature.
Model Spesifikasi Dinamis Permintaan Rokok: Rasionalkah Perokok Indonesia?
Authors: Hidayat Budi , Thabrany Hasbullah
Published: November 2016

Studi ini mengestimasi model spesifikasi dinamis permintaan (demand) rokok di Indonesia. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji hipotesis kecanduan rasional perokok, dan menghitung elastisitas harga rokok jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Analisis diaplikasikan pada data agregat individu yang dibentuk dari tiga tahapan survei panel IFLS selama tahun 1993-2000. Studi ini menjajagi sejumlah teknik ekonometrik dan memilih teknik tercocok atas dasar serangkaian uji statistik. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rokok terbukti sebagai produk yang menimbulkan kecanduan (koefisien konsumsi masa lampau positif dan signifikan pada 1%). Sedangkan koefisien negatif dan signifikan untuk konsumsi rokok masa depan menunjukan sifat kecanduan miopik, artinya para perokok bersifat tidak rasional. Studi ini juga menunjukkan permintaan rokok lebih sensitif terhadap perubahan harga untuk jangka panjang ketimbang untuk jangka pendek. Temuan bahwa perokok memiliki sifat kecanduan miopik mengharuskan pengambil kebijakan mendisain ulang strategi promosi kesehatan masyarakat tentang larangan merokok di Indonesia. Berbagi implikasi kebijakan temuan studi disajikan pula pada bagian akhir tulisan ini.Kata kunci : Kecanduan rasional, sigaret, tembakau, elastisitas, data panel.AbstractThis study estimates a dynamic model specification of demand for cigarette in Indonesia. The objectives are to test the rational addiction hypothesis of cigarettes demand, and to calculate price elasticity of cigarettes in the short-run and long-term. The data for this analysis were aggregate individual data from three-wave a panel surveys of the IFLS (Indonesian Family Life Survey) from 1993-2000. This study explores several econometric approaches, and selects the best fit of several statistical measures. The results indicate that cigarette indeed an addictive good (the lags consumption coefficients are a positive with p-value <1%). Whilts a negative coefficient and significancy of future consumption indicate that smokers are myopic addicts, they are not rational. The study also confirms that the demand is more price sensitive for the long-run than the short-run. The finding of myopic addiction has pratical implications with which policy-makers should re-design current public health campaign against cigarette smoking in the country. Various policy implications of the research findings are also discussed in this article.Key words : Rational addiction, cigarettes, tobacco, price elasticity, panel data.
Pengaruh Status Gizi Anak Usia di Bawah Lima Tahun terhadap Nilai Belajar Verbal dan Numerik
Authors: Hartanto R. Djarot Darsono Wahyu , Kodim Nasrin
Published: November 2016

Keberhasilan pembangunan suatu bangsa dipengaruhi oleh kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia yang secara esensil ditentukan oleh status gizi. Sekitar 1,3 juta anak dengan gizi buruk diperkirakan berpotensi kehilangan IQ sampai 22 juta poin. Kekurangan gizi pada usia dini diawal daur kehidupan terbukti memberikan dampak yang berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui insiden kekurangan gizi pada baduta dan pasca baduta serta pengaruhnya pada prestasi belajar numerik dan verbal pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Penelitian dengan desain kohort retrospektif yang dilakukan pada 1200 sampel anak ini memperlihatkan hasil yang sangat konsisten mendukung penelitian sebelumnya. Semakin dini seorang anak menderita gizi kurang, semakin besar risiko untuk mengalami prestasi belajar yang rendah. Risiko prestasi verbal yang rendah pada anak usia baduta dengan gizi kurang dan setelah baduta adalah 6,5 dan 5 kali lebih tinggi daripada yang dengan gizi baik. Risiko prestasi numerik yang rendah pada anak dengan gizi kurang ketika usia baduta dan setelah baduta 25 dan 15 kali lebih besar daripada yang gizi baik. Prestasi verbal sangat berfluktuasi sesuai dengan status gizi individu sepanjang hayat. Sebaliknya, prestasi numeri, terlihat hanya dipengaruhi oleh status gizi pada usia balita. Gizi yang baik pada anak baduta dan pasca baduta dapat mencegah prestasi belajar yang rendah 44% dan 30%, tetapi untuk potensi belajar numerik, masing-masing dapat mencegah 80% dan 63%. Skor verbal sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi atau fluktuasi status gizi pada daur kehidupan, tetapi skor numerik hanya dipengaruhi status gizi individu pada lima tahun pertama kehidupan.Kata kunci : Status gizi, prestasi belajarAbstractThe success of national development is determined by availability of qualified human resources, which is essentially determined by nutritional status. About 1.3 milion malnourished children are predicted to lost around 22 million IQ points. Early malnutrition is known to have a great impact on later growth and development. The objective of this study is to investigate the incidence of malnutrition among children age under two years and post two years and their effect on verbal and numeric learning performance. This retrospective cohort study which was conducted on 1200 children shows consistent results that the earlier a child experienced malnutrition the lower the performance. The risk of having low verbal performance among malnourished children were 25 (children age under two years) and 15 times (children more than 2 years) greater compared to those of normally nourished children. Verbal performance is related to longlife nutrition status while numeric performance is more related to the first five-years of life. Good nutrition status could prevent low verbal performance of 44% and 30% for children under 2 year of age and children more than 2 year, respectively and help prevent 80% and 63% of low numeric performance.Keywords: Nutritional status, learning performance
Partisipasi Masyarakat Menanggulangi Lingkungan Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kecamatan Rappocini Kota Makasar
Authors: Syatriani Sri , Puji Esse , Susilowati Andi
Published: November 2016

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) menjadi wabah nasional pada tahun 2006, termasuk Makassar dan beberapa kabupaten di Sulawesi Selatan. Jumlah kasus DBD di kecamatan Rappocini tahun 2006 adalah 160 kasus tanpa kematian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai bentuk partisipasi masyarakat untuk menciptakan lingkungan sehat dalam upaya penanggulangan DBD. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kecamatan Rappocini yang merupakan daerah endemis DBD. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sampel adalah kepala keluarga yang ada di Kelurahan Bonto Makkio dan Kelurahan Gunung Sari sebesar 300 KK. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dari setiap variabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat terhadap upaya penanggulangan DBD rendah sebesar 68%. Bentuk partisipasi berupa kebiasaan membersihkan lingkungan, kebiasaan menguras tempat penampungan air, kebiasaan menutup tempat penampungan air, dan kebiasaan menggantung pakaian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka direkomendasikan kebijakan penanggulangan DBD perlu mendapat payung hukum berupa peraturan daerah yang memberikan denda administrasi bagi masyarakat serta membentuk kader pemantau jentik yang berbasis keluarga yang diperankan oleh ibu rumah tangga. Kata kunci: Partisipasi masyarakat, DBD, pemantau jentik AbstractDengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) has become a national epidemic in 2006, including Makassar and several municipalities in South Sulawesi. DHF patients in 2006 counted 877 patients and 17 people were death (CFR=1.93%). The Prevalence of DHF in Rappocini district at the same year was 160 cases with no mortality case or CFR=0. The objective of this study is to know the forms of community participation in creating healthy environment to combat DHF. This study is conducted in Rappocini district which is a DHF endemic area. This study is observational and descriptive. Sample is family head of population in sub-district of Bonto Makkio and sub-district of Gunung Sari which counted 300 family head. Sample is withdrawn by purposive sampling. Data is analyzed by des-criptive analysis from each variable. The result of the study indicates that the community participation is still low towards the effort of combating DHF (68%). The types of participation include habit to clean environment, habit to drain water container, habit to cover water container, and habit to hang the clothes. This study recommends policy to combat DHF which provide administrative penalty and also forming family-based larva controller group which empowers housewives. Keywords: Community participation, DHF, larva controller
Pemanfaatan Posyandu Lansia di Kota Pariaman
Authors: Mulyadi Yullie
Published: November 2016

Pemanfaatan Posyandu Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Naras Kota Pariaman 2007 masih sangat rendah yaitu 13,23% dari standar pelayanan minimal (SPM) Kota Pariaman 40%. Penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan informasi yang mendalam tentang pemanfaatan posyandu lansia serta faktor yang mendorong dan menghambat dalam pemanfaatan posyandu lansia di Kota Pariaman pada 2008. Menggunakan data primer dengan metode wawancara mendalam dan diskusi kelompok terarah. Informan berjumlah 53 orang, terdiri dari 24 orang informan yang memanfaatkan posyandu lansia, 24 orang informan yang tidak memanfaatkan posyandu lansia dan 5 orang informan kunci. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis isi dengan validasi hasil penelitian dilakukan triagulasi sumber dan metode. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan pemanfaatan posyandu lansia berdasarkan kelompok umur, jenis kelamin dan status pekerjaan. Dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut perlu adanya penyuluhan tentang posyandu lansia secara intensif dalam upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat akan tujuan, sasaran dan kegiatan posyandu lansia.Kata kunci : Pemanfaatan, posyandu, lansiaAbstractThe utilization of integrated health posts for elderly in the working area of Naras Health Center of Pariaman City was still low (13.23%) in 2007. The number was lower than Minimal Service Standard (SPM) that was 40%. The study aimed to obtain the information of the utilization of the integrated health posts for the elderly and factors supported and constrained the utilization of integrated health posts for the elderly in the working area of Naras Health Center of Pariaman City in 2008. Data was collected using focus group discussion and in-depth interview methods. The number of informants in this study was 53 persons consisted of 24 persons who utilized the integrated health posts for the elderly, 24 persons who did not utilize post, and 5 persons as key informants. Data was analyzed using content analysis technique and in order to test the validity of study result, triangulation in both method and source was employed. The study revealed that utilization of integrated health posts for elderly differed by age group of the elderly, gender (women), and employment status. The informants utilized the integrated health posts for the elderly had a good knowledge and positive perception on activities and advantages of the integrated health posts for the elderly. Keywords: Utilization, integrated health posts, elderly
Pengaruh Perilaku Keluarga terhadap Penggunaan Jamban
Authors: Pane Erlinawati
Published: November 2016

Secara nasional , hanya 39% rumah tangga yang menggunakan jamban yang sehat, di daerah perkotaan (60%) lebih tinggi daripada di perdesaan (23%).Penggunaan jamban merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang penting di daerah perdesaan seperti Desa Sukamurni di Kabupaten Bekasi. Hanya 19,8% rumah tangga yang mempunyai jamban sendiri di Desa Sukamurni. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui determinan perilaku keluarga terhadap penggunaan jamban di Desa Sukamurni. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Sampel adalah ibu rumah tangga yang mempunyai anak balita sebanyak 196 responden yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2008. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara langsung menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya 46,4% keluarga yang menggunakan jamban, sedangkan yang tidak menggunakan jamban (53,6 %) umumnya menggunakan sungai (55,2%) dan empang (38,1%) sebagai sarana buang air besar. Semua variabel yang diteliti berhubungan bermakna, meliputi pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap, kepemilikan jamban, sarana air bersih, pembinaan petugas puskesmas dan dukungan aparat desa, kader Posyandu & LSM terhadap penggunaan jamban. Pendidikan dan pengetahuan merupakan variabel konfounder, dan kepemilikan jamban merupakan faktor dominan sebagai determinan perilaku keluarga terhadap penggunaan jamban dengan nilai OR = 27,03 (5,224 – 139,912).Kata kunci : Perilaku keluarga, penggunaan jambanAbstractNational figure showed that only 39% household are using healthy latrine, in which 60% was in the city, much higher than 23% in rural area. Low latrine utilization is one of important health problem in rural area such as in Sukamurni Village, Bekasi District. There is only 19.8% of household have own latrine in Sukamurni Village. The purpose of the study is to explore the family behavior determinant on latrine utilization at Sukamurni Village, using cross sectional design. The sample is women who have child or children under five. Sample is then comprises of 196 respondents. Data are collected from April to May 2008, using direct interview with a structured questionnaire. Result showed that only 46.4% households are occupying latrine, and the rest are using river (55.2%) and pond (38.1%) to defecate. As bivariate analysis of Chi Square test showed that all variables are statistically have significant relationship with family’s behavior on latrine utilization. Those variables are: education, knowledge, attitude, latrine ownership, availability on clean water, IEC from health provider, and support from village leader, posyandu cadres, and related NGO. Advance analysis with Logistic Multiple Regression found that variables of education and knowledge are confounder. Meanwhile, latrine ownership is the dominant factor of family behavior determinant on latrine utilization, with OR= 27.036. Keywords : Family behavior, latrine utilization
HIV/AIDS di Indonesia : Fenomena Gunung Es dan Peranan Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer
Authors: Hardisman Hardisman
Published: November 2016

Masalah HIV/AIDS di Indonesia diyakini bagaikan fenomena gunung es karena laporan resmi jumlah kasus tidak mencerminkan masalah yang sebenarnya. Prediksi besar masalah HIV/AIDS tersebut didasarkan atas jumlah penyalahgunaan narkotika suntik dan prostitusi yang tinggi. Keduanya merupakan faktor utama yang berperan sangat besar dalam penyebaran dan penularan HIV. Berbagai faktor risiko tersebut tidak hanya berkaitan dengan pelayanan keseha-tan tetapi juga dengan masalah sosial ekonomi. Permasalahan tersebut perlu diatasi dengan pendekatan pelayanan kesehatan primer komprehensif yang langsung menyentuh akar permasalahan mencakup masalah sosial ekonomi dan lingkungan kultural. Strategi tersebut dilakukan melalui berbagai langkah yang bersifat menyeluruh, meliputi preventif, promotif, kuratif dan rehabilitatif dengan partisipasi dan kerja sama yang luas yang melibatkan berbagai sektordan organisasi non pemerintah dan masyarakat. Beberapa langkah yang harus dilakukan meliputi edukasi dan promosi, pelayanan kesehatan yang merata dan terjangkau. Selain itu yang juga tidak kalah pentingnya adalah pengentasan kemiskinan melalui peningkatan lapangan kerja dan kelibatan partisipasi masyarakat. Kata kunci: HIV/AIDS, pelayanan kesehatan komprehensif AbstractHIV/AIDS problem in Indonesia is considered as iceberg phenomenon, where the reported cases in the government official record do not represent the real situation. This prediction is based on high number of vulnerable groups such as sexual workers and injecting drug users. These factors are not only related to healthcare services but also social economic structure. Therefore, to address this problem, comprehensive Primary Health Care (PHC) must be imple-mented. The comprehensive PHC concerns on underlying problem which includes socioeconomic issues and environment problems. This strategy is conducted through holistic activities from preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative through collaboration with other sectors and community involvement. Based on underlying HIV/AIDS problem in Indonesia, there are several strategies that should be done to address the problem, such as education campaign,addressing poverty issue, equitable health services and community participation. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, comprehensive PHC