bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17390: Pre-Operative Right Ventricular Outflow Tract and Pulmonary Artery Geometry Predicts Pulmonary Valve Replacement Outcomes in Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Toro Arana Veronica , Chan Frandics , Shiavone Nicole , McElhinney Doff , Reddy Sushma , Marsden Alison
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot who had pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) are at risk for prosthetic valve failure that requires repeated valve replacement.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesize that the pre-operative geometry of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and the central pulmonary arteries is a predictor of future prosthetic valve dysfunction.

Methods:
In a retrospective study, using pre-operative cardiac MRI, we measured morphologic parameters including bifurcation angles, length, major and minor diameters, area, and circumference in various locations along the RVOT, pulmonary trunk (PT) and branch pulmonary arteries (BPAs) in 48 patients with Tetralogy of Fallot before they underwent PVR. Physiologic data was collected from their imaging reports (age, weight, height, body surface area (BSA), ventricular volumes and ejection fractions, valvular regurgitant fractions). All measurements were normalized by the patients’ BSA. Post-operative pulmonary valve function was assessed using Echocardiograms performed at an average of 5.5 years after the surgery. Valve dysfunction was defined as pulmonary regurgitation and/or pulmonary stenosis of at least moderate intensity. All geometric and physiologic parameters were compared between the group of patients who developed pulmonary valve dysfunction and those who did not, using a two-tailed Student t-test.

Results:
Patients who developed valve dysfunction had (1) greater RVOT circumference (p=0.038), (2) a more acute bifurcation angle between the PT and the Left Pulmonary Artery (p=0.016), and (3) smaller cross-sectional area at the distal BPAs (p=0.031, p=0.026).

Conclusions:
A dilated RVOT leading to flow vortices may increase the shear stress experienced by the valve, a sharp bifurcation angle disrupts flow patterns, adding dynamic load to the valve, and stenosis in the distal BPAs lead to increased resistance and an increased volume load to the valve - all promoting valve degeneration. Our findings are consistent with physiologic expectations and will be further explored using computational fluid dynamic simulations to elucidate how the parameters identified impact the hemodynamics around the pulmonary valve. A deeper understanding of the hemodynamic implications may ultimately reduce the incidence of valve degeneration by helping surgeons identify patients who are at high risk for valve dysfunction and guiding them to reconstruct the RVOT in specific configurations.
Abstract 17394: Hypertension in Adults: Quality Improvement Intervention Evaluation of a Self-Measured Blood Pressure Monitoring Program
Authors: Smith Angelica M , Buchanan Holly A , Lewis John W , Smith Shelly P
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Hypertension (HTN) is an insidious condition that affects many Americans. This quality improvement initiative evaluated the effectiveness of HTN management through a Self-Measured Blood Pressure (SMBP) monitoring tool through Check.Change.Control® (CCC).

Hypothesis:
To implement CCC and evaluate the impact on blood pressure throughout rural primary care clinics and wellness clinics over a six month period. This initiative assessed barriers for patients to adhere to medication regimen and barriers for providers to engage in patients’ HTN management.

Methods:
This initiative used CCC data to evaluate blood pressure changes and trends. Survey monkey were used to assess and evaluate patients and providers barriers for HTN management.

Results:
The sample included 208 adults with diagnosis of HTN with medication regimen. Regular tool use resulted in 76% reporting BP equal or less than 140/90. Compliance with medication regimens improved to 79.23%. The overall mean reduction in systolic was -11.3 mm Hg and diastolic was –9.7 mm Hg. Barriers reported through surveys included forgetting to take medication (5%) and forgetting to pick up medication from the pharmacy (2%). Most survey respondents (89.97%) agreed that text message reminders helped them be compliant.Thirty-six percent of providers and clinical staff cited time as a limiting factor for enrolling patients; providers reported one third of patients (33%) cited lack of interest in the program as the barrier for enrollment. 87.67% of respondents asserted CCC was helpful in managing hypertensive patients and foresee continuing using the tool.

Conclusions:
This quality improvement initiative showed how the addition of CCC can aid improve compliance with medication regimens and blood pressure management. Technology empowered patients to better manage their HTN. High acceptance of the tool among providers, volunteers, and participants facilitated the connection between community, work, and healthcare organizations to improve HTN management. Future efforts should focus on creating and implementing initiatives to help reduce barriers for HTN management.
Abstract 17412: Current Experience and Limitations of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Cardiac Arrest: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Singhvi Aditi , Patel Nirav , Gluck Jason A
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) may be considered for select cardiac arrest patients for whom the suspected etiology of the arrest is potentially reversible. In adults, the survival to discharge with ECPR is reportedly 22% to 33%, with better outcomes for in-hospital arrests. Outcomes with ECPR depend on multiple factors including, location of arrest, etiology, duration and quality of CPR, time to initiation of ECMO, and post-arrest management. There is no consensus regarding patient selection or management of these patients. We report our preliminary experiences with ECPR for refractory cardiac arrest.

Methods:
Patients who underwent ECPR between January 2013 and May 2018 were identified. The characteristics of the arrest, CPR duration, cannulation procedure, post-arrest management, complications, survival and neurologic outcomes were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:
A total of 24 ECPR events were identified. The median age was 60 years. The median CPR duration and time from collapse to initiation of ECMO were 35 (IQR 25.5-68) and 68 (IQR 45.5-144.5) min, respectively. Peripheral and central access sites were employed in 19 and 5 cases, respectively. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 21 patients (87.5%). PCI was performed on 4 and pulmonary embolectomy on 3 patients. Median duration of ECMO support was 84 (IQR 24-168) hours. Major complications occurred in 17 patients (70.8%). Nine patients (37.5%) were successfully weaned from ECMO and 7 (29.2%) survived to hospital discharge. All of the survivors had a favorable neurologic outcome.

Conclusions:
ECPR as part of a comprehensive multi-faceted approach for select patients with refractory cardiac arrest may improve outcomes. We noted an improvement in outcomes over time. This could be attributed to improved selection criteria as well as clinical management. The development of selection criteria may help identify patients most likely to benefit from the use of ECPR. This would have significant resource implications for hospitals with ECMO programs.
Abstract 03: Antithrombin III Contributes to the Vascular Protective and Reparative Effects of Fresh Frozen Plasma Following Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Lopez Ernesto , Peng Zhanglong , Wade Charles E , Cardenas Jessica C
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Endothelial damage and extravasation are deleterious consequences of hemorrhagic shock (HS), associated with inflammation, loss of the endothelial glycocalyx barrier and hyperpermeability. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) has been shown to preserve the glycocalyx and mitigate endothelial dysfunction following HS, although the mediators of this phenomenon remain unknown. Antithrombin III (ATIII) is a plasma protein with potent anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory activity. ATIII levels are decreased following trauma and particularly in those suffering from HS. Previous work in other disease models has shown that ATIII plays an important role in preserving the endothelial glycocalyx. We hypothesized that following HS, the vascular protective effects of FFP therapy are mediated through ATIII.

Methods and Results:
In vitro:
Confluent endothelial cells were pre-treated with FFP (n=12), ATIII deficient FFP (AT-Def FFP, n=12) or Vehicle (n=12) followed by treatment with TNF-α. The electrical impedance was monitored in real time over 24 H to detect changes in cell-to-cell junctions. We found that FFP treatment prevented the TNF-α -induced endothelial disruption showing a 1.6 and 1.5-fold improvement at 12 and 24 H respectively (vs. Vehicle, p<0.0001). AT-Def FFP showed some protection at 12 H (1.2-fold vs. Vehicle, p=0.05), although it was not maintained at 24 H (0.86-fold vs. Vehicle, p=0.34).

In vivo:
Under anesthesia
,
30 male mice were subjected to a well-described fixed pressure exsanguination model. HS was achieved by sustaining a MAP of 35 mmHg for 90 min followed by resuscitation with either FFP (n=10) or AT-Def FFP (n=10). The expression of the glycocalyx marker, syndecan-1, in lung tissue was measured by immunofluorescence. We found that syndecan-1 expression increased in the FFP treatment group (1.6±0.4, p=0.001) vs. Control (1.0±0.26, n=10). However, these effects were absent in the AT-Def FFP treated group (1.3 ±0.3, p=0.13).

Conclusions:
These results suggest that ATIII mediates both the protective and reparative effects of FFP. Further studies are needed to elucidate the endothelial intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways mediating the ATIII-induced endothelial barrier preservation.
Abstract 272: Feasibility of Non-Invasive Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring During CPR
Authors: Haas Nathan , Pennington Amanda , Coute Ryan , Neumar Robert
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Reliable non-invasive monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during cardiac arrest would greatly facilitate goal-directed brain resuscitation during CPR. The Ornim c-FLOW™ provides real-time, continuous, non-invasive, direct monitoring of CBF via ultrasound tagged near infrared spectroscopy using adhesive sensors applied to the forehead. Values range from 0-100 units with a reported baseline value of 55±7 units (mean±sd). C-FLOW™ values are refreshed every three seconds for each of two forehead probes. The feasibility of using c-FLOW™ to monitor CBF during cardiac arrest has not been previously reported.

Methods:
The c-FLOW™ was applied in the ED to adult patients undergoing CPR for cardiac arrest that occurred in the ED or outside the hospital. c-FLOW™ values were continuously recorded during CPR and for up to 6 hours post-ROSC. c-FLOW™ values were correlated with corresponding end-tidal CO
2
(PetCO
2
) values during CPR. Changes in c-FLOW™ values after vasopressor therapy were also quantified.

Results:
c-FLOW™ values were continuously recorded on patients undergoing CPR during 10 cardiac arrests. Initial, minimum, maximum, and mean values during CPR were 30.7±12.7, 17.3±15.0, 51.3±15.6, and 31.3±12.6 units, respectively. Maximum values after ROSC and VA ECMO were 43.0±10.9 and 59.0±12.0 units, respectively, and mean values after ROSC and VA ECMO were 24.0±11.7 and 35.3±12.7 units, respectively. The minimum value recorded after cessation of resuscitation efforts was 1.7±3.7 units. There was no significant correlation between c-FLOW™ values and simultaneous PetCO
2
values during CPR (R
2
0.01, p>0.05). c-FLOW™ values increased 7.6±8.5 units after IV/IO epinephrine boluses during CPR, though increased less with each subsequent bolus.

Conclusions:
Application of the c-FLOW™, a continuous real-time monitor of CBF, during cardiac arrest is feasible in the ED setting. c-FLOW™ values suggest variable and dynamic CBF during CPR. c-FLOW™ values do not appear to correlate with PetCO
2
but appear to detect increases in CBF associated with vasopressor therapy during CPR. Future studies are needed to determine the value of continuous non-invasive CBF monitoring as part of a goal-directed strategy to optimize brain resuscitation during CPR.
Abstract 294: Alterations in Cerebral Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitochondrial Mass After Successful Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Porcine Model of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Senthil Kumaran , Hefti Marco M , Karlsson Michael , Morgan Ryan W , Ehinger Johannes , Mavroudis Constantine D , Nadkarni Vinay M , Berg Robert A , Sutton Robert M , McGowan Francis X , Kilbaugh Todd J
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
A critical convergence point for neurologic injury following cardiac arrest is cerebral mitochondrial (Mt) dysfunction, regulated by Mt dynamics (balance of fusion and fission). Both fusion and fission are important to Mt homeostasis under normal conditions; however, under stress fission can decrease Mt mass and signal apoptosis, while fusion promotes oxidative phosphorylation efficiency. Our group has previously shown hemodynamic directed CPR (HD-CPR) improves Mt bioenergetics compared to AHA depth-guided CPR (DG-CPR), which correlated with better neurologic function.

Hypothesis:
Compared to DG-CPR, HD-CPR will result in cerebral cortical protein expression consistent with Mt fusion and preservation of mitochondrial mass 24 hours post-ROSC.

Methods:
One-month-old piglets were designated into three groups: 1) DG-CPR (n=5); 2) HD-CPR (n=5; goal SBP 90 mmHg, goal coronary perfusion pressure 20mmHg); 3) Shams (n=7). Groups 1 and 2 underwent 7 minutes of asphyxia, VF, 10-20 min of CPR, and post-ROSC therapies to maintain hemodynamic, oxygenation and ventilation goals. The primary outcomes were immunoblot quantification of cortical proteins for fusion (Opa-1, Opa-1 long to short chain ratio, MFN-2), fission (DRP-1), and citrate synthase activity for Mt mass. Groups shown as median and IQR and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, then Dunn’s multiple comparisons.

Results:
HD-CPR subjects had increased total Opa-1 expression compared to sham (1.52 [1.02,1.69] vs. 0.47 [0.34,0.51], p=0.001). Opa-1 long to short chain ratio was higher in HD-CPR than both sham (0.64 [0.46,0.92] vs. 0.28 [0.25,0.36], p=0.025) and DG-CPR (0.26 [0.26,0.31], p=0.018). There were no differences in MFN-2 or DRP-1 expression between groups. Mt mass was lower in DG-CPR than sham (11.02 [10.15,12.29] vs. 13.9 [12.35,15.63], p=0.029), but preserved in HD-CPR.

Discussion:
Piglets treated with HD-CPR exhibited protein expression consistent with Mt fusion, as evidenced by upregulation of total Opa-1, elevated Opa-1 long to short chain ratio, and preservation of Mt mass compared to standard AHA depth guided CPR strategy. We speculate that neurotherapeutics that target Mt dynamics could further improve brain Mt bioenergetics and neurologic function after pediatric CA.
Abstract 340: Early Invasive Hemodynamics and Outcomes in Cardiac Arrest Survivors Undergoing Targeted Temperature Management
Authors: Schenone Aldo L , Chen Kevin , Gheyath Bashaer , Borges Nyal , Li Manshi , Wang Xiaofeng , Duggal Abhijit , Menon Venu
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Clinical and electrical determinants of survival following cardiac arrest (CA) have been well defined. The prognostic role of early invasive hemodynamics (iHDs) remains unknown.

Hypothesis:
Early iHDs following CA in survivors undergoing TTM predicts survival and neurological outcomes at hospital discharge.

Methods:
We reviewed prospectively collected data on CA survivors undergoing TTM in a quaternary CICU between Jan 15 and Jun 17. Patients included were required to have RHC derived iHDs at initiation of TTM. Subjects with cooling initiated before admission and temperature of <36°C prior to obtaining iHDs were excluded. Univariate and multivariate regression were conducted to test whether cardiac index (Fick-CI≥2.2 vs <2.2 liters/min per m
2
), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP≥18 vs <18mmHg), systemic vascular resistance (SVR>1200 vs 800-1200 vs <800 dynes·sec·cm
-5
) or Forrester hemodynamic profiles were predictive of survival and favorable neurological outcomes at hospital discharge.

Results:
We identified 52 subjects and 26 (50%) survived to hospital discharge, with 21 (40%) achieving a favorable neurological outcome. Wide variability in invasive hemodynamic parameters was noted in this cohort. There was no association between Fick-CI (p=0.45 & p=0.10), PCWP (p=0.90 & p=0.60), SVR (0.95 & p=0.17) or Forrester hemodynamic profiles (p=0.40 & p=0.42) and survival or favorable neurological outcome at discharge.

Conclusion:
CA survivors undergoing TTM present with a wide spectrum of iHDs highlighting the heterogeneity of the post cardiac arrest syndrome. Early iHDs did not predict survival or neurological outcomes at hospital discharge.
Abstract 343: Association Between Hospital Arrival Time and Outcomes in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Acute Myocardial Infarction: JAAM-OHCA Study Group
Authors: Hosoda Hayato , Hirayama Atsushi , Tahara Yoshio , Nakashima Takahiro , Kataoka Yu , Asaumi Yasuhide , Nishimura Kunihiro , Noguchi Teruo , Yasuda Satoshi
Published: July 2021

Background:
Whether arrival time is associated with in-hospital managements and outcomes in patients out-of-cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still unclear.

Methods:
We conducted a multi-institutional, observational study (JAAM-OHCA study) of OHCA from June 2014 through December 2015 in Japan. The primary exposure was hospital arrival time divided into three groups, defining weekday regular time as 8:00 AM to 4:59 PM, weekday night time as 5:00PM to 7:59AM, and weekends/holidays as Saturday, Sunday and holidays. The outcome measures were in-hospital managements (i.e., percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI], intra-aortic balloon pump [IABP], extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation [ECPR], and target temperature management [TTM]), and neurologically intact survival at 30-day. To determine the associations of hospital arrival time with these outcomes, we constructed logistic regression models adjusting for patient characteristics, out-of-hospital care and in-hospital care, with generalized estimating equations accounting for patient clustering within hospitals.

Results:
We recruited 13,491 patients with OHCA. Of these, 852 had return of spontaneous circulation and was diagnosed as AMI; n=299 arrived during weekday regular time; n=265 arrived during weekday night time; n=288 arrived during weekends or holidays. Finally, a total of 219 (25.7%) OHCA patients had neurologically intact survival at 30-day. The rates of in-hospital management were not different among the three groups except IABP use (P<0.01). Compared to patients arrived during weekday regular time, neurologically intact survival rate at 30-day was not significantly different in patients arrived during weekday night time and weekends/holiday (26.1% [78 of 299] in weekday regular time group, 22.6% [60 of 265] in weekday night time group, and 28.1% [81 of 288] in weekends/holidays group) with corresponding adjusted odds ratios of 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-1.40; P=0.43) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.57-1.63; P=0.89).

Conclusion:
In this observational study of adult patients with OHCA due to AMI, in-hospital managements and outcomes were not differed across hospital arrival time groups.
Rationality in Economics and Politics: A Case Study in the Importance of Adequate Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Harder Peter
Published: July 2021

One of the challenges for Cognitive Linguistics in charting the role of conceptualizations in the human world is how to address the frontier between social and cognitive dimensions of those processes that depend on conceptualization. The case that forms the topic of this paper is the conceptualization of rationality, including specifically rational decision-making in relation to economic dilemmas. I am going to take up the concept of rationality with a view to highlighting the connections between on the one hand its complex conceptual structure and on the other hand its complex societal role, focusing on a crucial context, that of determining and implementing economic policy.
Bioeroding sponge species from the Wakatobi region of southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: MARLOW JOSEPH , BELL JAMES J. , SHAFFER MEGAN , HARIS ABDUL , SCHÖNBERG CHRISTINE H.L.
Published: July 2021

Sponges that excavate and inhabit calcareous substrate, predominantly of the Clionaidae, are widely distributed in marine habitats, but are particularly diverse and abundant on coral reefs. Unfortunately, their cryptic habit and difficult taxonomy mean respective taxa are poorly understood, and therefore they are rarely included in reef surveys. This is particularly true of the Southeast Asian Indo-Pacific, where a diverse faunistic record is contrasted with a very limited understanding of eco-physiological requirements of these sponges. In light of this, in situ surveys of the most common bioeroding sponges in the Wakatobi region of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia were conducted, followed by morphological and molecular analysis. The seven most common species in the Wakatobi included five species with a wide Indo-Pacific distribution and two new species. Four species, Cliona orientalis, Cliona aff. schmidtii, Spheciospongia cf. vagabunda trincomaliensis and Cliothosa hancocki have been previously reported from Indonesian waters, while Zyzzya criceta is a new record for Indonesia. Two brown sponges belonging to the Cliona viridis species complex, Cliona wakatobiensis sp. nov. and Cliona cribripora sp. nov., are here described as new to science. They were morphologically distinct from other species in the sample region and could not conclusively be allocated to any other known clionaid species. A maximum likelihood analysis of ITS1 rDNA revealed them to be phylogenetically closer to other Indo-Pacific species such as Cliona orientalis and Cliona thomasi than to other species within this taxon complex.
Three new species of Rabigus Mulsant & Rey (Coleoptera, Staphylininae, Philonthina) from China
Authors: FEI XU-DONG , ZHOU HONG-ZHANG
Published: July 2021

The paper reports three new species of the genus Rabigus Mulsant & Rey from China, namely, Rabigus cuspus Fei & Zhou, sp. nov. from Sichuan, Rabigus sagittus Fei & Zhou, sp. nov. from Shanxi, Rabigus triquetrus Fei & Zhou, sp. nov. from Beijing and Shanxi. For all species included we provide color plates of general morphology and detailed aedeagus structures.
Are National Family Surveys Biased toward the Happy Family? A Multiactor Analysis of Selective Survey Nonresponse
Authors: Kalmijn Matthijs
Published: July 2021

Virtually, all large-scale family surveys in the United States and Europe have yielded a positive view of family ties in contemporary societies. The present study examines whether surveys like these are affected by selective nonresponse. Are people with negative family ties less likely to participate in surveys, and if so, to what extent does this yield a biased descriptive view of family solidarity? Using a novel multiactor design with matched register data, we examine the determinants of nonresponse of the parents of adult children aged 25–45 in the Netherlands. Our analysis reveals significant effects of the strength of parent–child ties on parental nonresponse, especially for fathers. Moreover, we find negative effects of divorce on father’s participation and this effect is stronger when family ties are weak. While these findings support the hypothesis of selective nonresponse, the magnitude of the effects is small and descriptive findings on family ties change only modestly when correcting for selective nonresponse.
Motivation Toward Choosing Psychology as a Secondary School Subject: A Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Sokolová Lenka
Published: July 2021

Background:

During the past two decades, psychology has become a favorite school subject in many countries. This situation has led to studies on students’ attitudes and perceptions of psychology as a secondary school subject.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to compare motives for choosing psychology as a school subject among secondary school students (15–19 years of age) from England and Slovakia.

Method:

In this study, we administered an online questionnaire to gather data about motivation toward studying psychology among secondary students in England ( n = 150) and Slovakia ( n = 210).

Results:

For both groups, the most frequent motives and beliefs influencing the choice of psychology were self-understanding and understanding behaviors of others. However, significant cross-cultural differences in other motives emerged (e.g., the perception of difficulty of psychology as a school subject).

Conclusion:

Students, regardless the cultural context, choose psychology mostly to understand how the human mind works and to understand human behavior to help people.

Teaching Implications:

Pre-tertiary psychology teachers therefore need to accept a challenge to fulfill students’ expectations and to raise awareness of pre-tertiary students’ perceptions and beliefs about psychology among decision makers on national and international levels.
Beyond repair: Staying with breakdown at the interstices
Authors: Thieme Tatiana A
Published: July 2021

This article engages with the notion of ‘break-down’ as a way of going beyond claims to recover the discarded or practice repair. It experiments with ethnographic cross-pollination, setting vignettes from seemingly disparate field-sites alongside one another, to meditate on singular unfinished moments that together reflect wider dynamics of invisibility, negation, stigma and suspension at the urban interstices. From the peripheral neighbourhoods of Zaria, Nairobi, Paris, Berlin and London, these vignettes evoke shifting relationships to labour in precarious urban environments, where fleeting but situated codes, logics and deals have emerged out of seemingly broken urban worlds. Engaging with Stephen Jackson's notion of ‘broken world thinking’ and Donna Haraway's invitation to ‘stay with the trouble’, this article argues for staying with the breakdown.
Household socio-economic factors influencing choice of agro-advisory dissemination pathways for climate change in semi-arid areas of Kenya
Authors: Onyango Debrah Akeyo , Mogaka Hezron Rasugu , Ndirangu Samuel Njiri , Kwena Kizito
Published: July 2021

Development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is adversely affected by climate variability and change due to the dependence of its economies and livelihoods primarily on rain-fed agriculture. Agro-advisories boost informed decision-making as well as planning of farm activities. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pathways through which farmers receive usable location-specific agro-advisories as well as to evaluate the effect of the socio-economic environment in the access to such information. Data was collected from 400 randomly selected households in lower eastern Kenya in a cross-sectional survey. Multivariate probit regression was used to determine the factors influencing the choice of pathways used in accessing climate change adaptation information. Household socio-economic characteristics that were found to be significant in explaining access to disseminated agro-advisories include phone and radio ownership, level of education, marital status, and farm size among others. Based on these findings a conclusion is made that the socio-economic environment within which information is disseminated is vital in determining those who access information and probably act on it. Additionally, pathways found to be complementary or substitutable give information providers new insights on the channels to use in information dissemination. The study recommends that these factors be considered in efforts geared towards promoting agro-advisory preparation and dissemination to improve adaptation to climate variability and change in dryland areas.
Average mean arterial pressure in the first 6 hours of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prediction of the prognosis of neurological outcome: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Sun Feng , Mei Yong , Lv Jinru , Li Wei , Hu Deliang , Zhang Gang , Zhang Huazhong , Zhang Jinsong , Chen Xufeng
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To study the correlation between the mean arterial pressure (MAP) level in the first 6 hours of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) and patients’ neurological outcomes.

Methods:

Sex, age, basic comorbidities, the time from the first cardiac arrest to the start of CPR, the time from the first cardiac arrest to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), standardized ECMO flow, and the pH value at the beginning of ECMO and after 6 hours were recorded. MAP was recorded every 2 hours during the first 6 hours, and the average was calculated. The lactic acid clearance rate of the first 6 hours was calculated. Evaluated the neurological prognosis of patients at discharge. Then the patients were divided into groups according to their average MAP, and the above variables were compared in groups.

Results:

Enrolled 63 adult ECPR patients. There were no statistically significant differences in sex, age, basic comorbidities, the time from the first cardiac arrest to the start of conventional CPR, the time from the first cardiac arrest to the start of ECMO, standardized ECMO flow, 6-hour lactic acid clearance rate, pH value at the sixth hour of operation between two groups. The pH value at the start of ECMO, survival rate, and good prognosis rate in low average MAP group were significantly lower. Low average MAP was associated with poor neurological outcomes (relative risk (RR) 1.50, 95% CI 1.17, 1.92). The RR of good neurological outcome for patients with average MAP ⩾65 mmHg was 5.91 (95% CI 1.45, 24.06), and the RR for average MAP ⩾100 mmHg was 1.18 (95% CI 0.19, 7.52).

Conclusion:

For ECPR patients, average MAP <65 mmHg in the first 6 hours of ECPR indicates a poor neurological prognosis. However, whether higher average MAP levels can improve the neurological prognosis of ECPR patient remains to be further studied.
Professional Versus Self-Applied Makeup: Do Makeup Artists Add Value?
Authors: Batres Carlota , Porcheron Aurélie , Courrèges Sandra , Russell Richard
Published: July 2021

While a number of studies have investigated the effects of makeup on how people are perceived, the vast majority have used professionally applied makeup. Here, we tested the hypothesis that professional makeup is more effective than self-applied makeup. We photographed the same target women under controlled conditions wearing no makeup, makeup they applied themselves, and makeup applied by professional makeup artists. Participants rated the faces as appearing more attractive, more feminine, and as having higher status when wearing professional makeup than self-applied makeup. Secondarily, we found that participants perceived the professional makeup as appearing heavier and less natural looking than the self-applied makeup. This work shows that professional makeup is more effective than self-applied makeup and begins to elucidate the nature of makeup artistry. We discuss these findings with respect to personal decoration and physical attractiveness, as well as the notion of artists as experts.
The Political Economy of Heteronormativity
Authors: Nguyen Duc Hien
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the relationship between heteronormativity, queerness, and neoliberal capitalism. By reinterpreting the 1997 Recognition-Redistribution debate between Nancy Fraser and Judith Butler through a social reproduction lens, I show that Butler’s position is broadly consistent with a social reproduction analysis of heteronormativity. Through stabilizing the gender division of labor, promoting the normative heterosexual family, and contributing to the internal stratification within the working class, heteronormativity fulfills critical social-reproductive roles. Queer emancipation, therefore, cannot be realized without an overhaul of the political economic structure. As relations of reproduction change under neoliberal capitalism, what is constituted as queer is also altered in ways that incorporate queerness into capitalist value production. Mainstream narratives of LGBT progress obscure the emerging division between queers with capital and queers without, a division undergirded by familiar contradictions of racialized, heteronormative, reproductive capitalism.

JEL Classification: B51, B54, P16
“Whatever You Become, Just Be Proud of It.” Uncovering the Ways Families Influence Black and Latino Adolescent Boys’ Postsecondary Future Selves
Authors: Carey Roderick L.
Published: July 2021

As researchers and school stakeholders determine ways to best support Black and Latino adolescent boys from low-income communities in actualizing their postsecondary future ambitions, more attention is needed on the types of futures these boys imagine and how family members influence this process. Guided by future orientations and possible selves frameworks, this school-based ethnographic study investigated the ways families influenced what the author calls the “postsecondary future selves” of Black and Latino (i.e., U.S.-born Salvadoran) 11th-grade boys ( N = 5). Described as what youth conceptualize as possible, likely, and expected for their lives after high school, postsecondary future selves considers three future domains: “college” (postsecondary education), “career” (postcollege employment trajectory), and “condition” (expected financial stability, relational and familial prospects, future living arrangements, happiness, and joy). Findings indicate that families built their boys’ capacities for envisioning and making strides toward ideal futures. Finding “success,” “being somebody,” and “having a future” underscored familial messages that emphasized the salience of college going in obtaining a career and life condition that would lead their boys to finding pride and fulfillment. Implications support stakeholders in building adolescents’ efficacy for threading linkages between college going and college majors, career trajectories, and expected life conditions, thus complementing familial-based supports.
Associations Between Psychopathic Traits and Laboratory-Based Aggression: Moderating Effects of Provocation and Distraction
Authors: Bresin Konrad , Alexander Caelan , S. Subramani Olivia , J. Parrott Dominic
Published: July 2021

There are two distinct combinations of psychopathic traits (primary and secondary) that have been proposed to be a function of unique cognitive-affective deficits. This study sought to use theories of psychopathy to understand the factors that exacerbate (i.e., provocation) and attenuate (i.e., distraction) aggression in individuals high in psychopathic traits in a controlled laboratory task. Male undergraduates, who scored across the range of primary and secondary psychopathic traits, completed the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP; Taylor, 1967 ) under conditions of low and high provocation. Participants were also randomly assigned to either a distraction condition, in which they completed a distracting concurrent task, or a control condition, in which no such task was completed. Inconsistent with our prediction, results showed that regardless of condition, primary psychopathic traits were positively related to laboratory aggression. Consistent with our hypothesis, a positive association between secondary psychopathic traits and laboratory physical aggression was observed following high provocation among nondistracted participants; this association was significantly reduced among distracted participants. These results clarify the factors that contribute to aggression for individuals high in psychopathic traits and may provide directions for future intervention development.
Agency operating within structures: A qualitative exploration of agency amongst children living in Palestine
Authors: Cavazzoni Federica , Fiorini Alec , Sousa Cindy , Veronese Guido
Published: July 2021

Our research challenges the picture of children exposed to political violence as helpless victims, portraying them as active agents who mobilize resources both within themselves and their social, physical, political world. Based on drawings and walk-along interviews with 70 Palestinian children, the present study provides an analysis of children’s agency across the multiple settings in which they live. Our findings highlight the interconnections between the children’s agentic practices and the multiple ecologies implied in promoting – or suppressing – their opportunity to cope with their surroundings.
Parents Fine-Tune Their Speech to Children’s Vocabulary Knowledge
Authors: Leung Ashley , Tunkel Alexandra , Yurovsky Daniel
Published: July 2021

Young children learn language at an incredible rate. Although children come prepared with powerful statistical-learning mechanisms, the statistics they encounter are also prepared for them: Children learn from caregivers motivated to communicate with them. How precisely do parents tune their speech to their children’s individual language knowledge? To answer this question, we asked parent–child pairs ( N = 41) to play a reference game in which the parents’ goal was to guide their child to select a target animal from a set of three. Parents fine-tuned their referring expressions to their children’s knowledge at the lexical level, producing more informative references for animals they thought their children did not know. Further, parents learned about their children’s knowledge over the course of the game and tuned their referring expressions accordingly. Child-directed speech may thus support children’s learning not because it is uniformly simplified but because it is tuned to individual children’s language development.
Book review: H. P. Ray, Coastal Shrines and Transnational Maritime Networks Across India and Southeast Asia
Authors: Suvrathan Uthara
Published: July 2021

H. P. Ray, Coastal Shrines and Transnational Maritime Networks Across India and Southeast Asia. Routledge, 2021 Hardback, 255 pages, ISBN: 978-0-3677-0804-7 Price: ₹995.
A convex anisotropic damage model based on the compliance tensor
Authors: Görthofer Johannes , Schneider Matti , Hrymak Andrew , Böhlke Thomas
Published: July 2021

This work is devoted to anisotropic continuum-damage mechanics in the quasi-static, isothermal, small-strain setting. We propose a framework for anisotropic damage evolution based on the compliance tensor as primary damage variable, in the context of generalized standard models for dissipative solids. Based on the observation that the Hookean strain energy density of linear elasticity is jointly convex in the strain and the compliance tensor, we design thermodynamically consistent anisotropic damage models that satisfy Wulfinghoff’s damage-growth criterion and feature a convex free energy. The latter property permits obtaining mesh-independent results on component scale without the necessity of introducing gradients of the damage field. We introduce the concepts of stress-extraction tensors and damage-hardening functions, implicitly describing a rigorous damage-analogue of yield surfaces in elastoplasticity. These damage surfaces may be combined in a modular fashion and give rise to complex damage-degradation behavior. We discuss how to efficiently integrate Biot’s equation implicitly, and show how to design specific stress-extraction tensors and damage-hardening functions based on Puck’s anisotropic failure criteria. Last but not least we demonstrate the versatility of our proposed model and the efficiency of the integration procedure for a variety of examples of interest.
Patient Pain and Function After Correction of Posterior Malleolar Malunion
Authors: Li Yaxing , Chen Yu , Liu Xi , Chen Jun , Gan Tingjiang , Zhang Hui
Published: July 2021

Background:

The management of an ankle malunion involving the posterior malleolus remains challenging, and only a few published studies described the operative treatment of complex posterior malleolar malunion. A transfibular approach allows for direct visualization of the articular reduction of the posterior malleolus, but the reports of its use for correcting posterior malleolar malunion are rare. This study aims to evaluate the results of the intra-articular osteotomy via a transfibular approach for correcting an ankle malunion involving the posterior malleolus.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of 26 patients with a symptomatic malunited ankle fracture involving posterior malleolus were treated with the intra-articular osteotomy via a transfibular approach in our department. Radiographic assessments were performed using plain radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score, visual analog scale (VAS), active range of motion of ankle, and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey score.

Results:

Postoperatively, anatomic correction of articular surface and anatomic reduction of syndesmosis were achieved in all patients as judged by CT scans. No evidence of progression had been found in 18 of 26 patients (69.2%) at final follow-up. The median AOFAS score improved from 42.0 to 81.5 ( P < .001). Median pain VAS score decreased from 6.0 to 1.0 ( P < .001). A favorable clinical outcome was associated with a short time interval from original injury to correction surgery and a lower grade of preoperative arthritis, but not with the posterior malleolar fragment size. However, time interval, the posterior malleolar fragment size, and the grade of preoperative arthritis showed no correlation with the progression of arthritis grade after surgery.

Conclusion:

An intra-articular osteotomy via a transfibular approach demonstrated an improved function and pain after operative treatment of malunited ankle fracture with a displaced posterior malleolar fragment.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
The Clinical Utility of the NAB Judgment Subtest Among Individuals Diagnosed With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Within a Forensic Inpatient Setting
Authors: Roye Scott , Coffey C. Adam , Nitch Stephen R. , Glassmire David M. , Kinney Dominique I.
Published: July 2021

Executive functioning (EF) has been identified as a significant predictor in determining competence to stand trial. Individuals deemed incompetent to stand trial are provided a limited time frame before conservatorship is considered, thus, treatment providers practicing within inpatient facilities have a responsibility to efficiently identify factors that may lead to prolonged hospitalizations, in order to avoid delays in a defendant’s legal proceedings. Although previous studies have demonstrated the utility of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Total Index Score in predicting length of stay (LOS), the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) Judgment subtest provides a measure of executive function, which is a domain not captured by the RBANS. The current study examined the relationship between both the RBANS and NAB Judgment performance as predictors of LOS among 63 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders undergoing competency restoration treatment. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were used to determine cutoff scores for individuals requiring additional competency services. Results indicated that the NAB Judgment subtest was more predictive of LOS than the RBANS Total Index Score. Additionally, a raw score of ≤9 on NAB Judgment was indicative of increased LOS. These results highlight the utility of the NAB Judgment subtest within a forensic inpatient setting.
Effect of temperature and particle size on physicochemical and techno-functional properties of peach palm peel flour (Bactris gasipaes, red and yellow ecotypes)
Authors: Martínez-Girón Jader , Osorio Coralia , Ordoñez-Santos Luis Eduardo
Published: July 2021

In this study, the effect of temperature and particle size on the techno-functional properties of the flour from peach palm fruit peels ( Bactris gasipaes, red and yellow ecotype) were evaluated. The flour from peach palm epicarp obtained by natural convective drying was physicochemically characterized, including the assessment of total dietary fiber determined under the gravimetric enzymatic method. The results obtained showed that temperature and particle size present a significant effect ( p < 0.001) on techno-functional properties except for swelling capacity. The flour from the red ecotype presented better nutritional: total dietary fiber 47.93 ± 1.72%, protein 6.87 ± 0.15% and techno-functional properties: water retention capacity (WRC) 7.13 ± 0.29 g/g, oil retention capacity (ORC) 6.24 ± 0.08 g/g, emulsifier activity (EA) 56.84 ± 0.28%, emulsifier stability (ES) 50.33 ± 0.31% than the yellow one water absorption capacity (WAC) 5.31 ± 0.03 g/g and water solubility (WS) 59.58 ± 0.04% at 60 °C and 0.25 mm. Therefore, this study showed that the flour obtained from peach palm fruit peels contains high fiber and protein values and could be used as a promising natural additive (source of dietary fiber or emulsifier) for the food industry.
Pars-plana vitrectomy combined with retinectomy in severe open-globe injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Victor Andi Arus , Violetta Laurencia , Kusumowidagdo Gladys , Pranata Raymond
Published: July 2021

Background:

This review summarized prophylactic retinectomy technique and its effect on anatomic and functional outcomes in severe open globe injuries (OGIs).

Methods:

A comprehensive search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and EuropePMC databases was performed up until 8 January 2020. Enrolled studies include case series, studies involving pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with retinectomy in severe penetrating injuries with or without IOFB, perforating injuries, and globe ruptures. Primary outcome was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ⩾20/200 at the end of the study. Secondary outcomes were the rate of proliferative retinopathy (PVR), globe survival rate and retinal reattachment rate.

Results:

A total of seven studies, involving 275 eyes with severe OGIs, is included in this study. Meta-analysis indicates that final BCVA ⩾20/200 was achieved in 61% (95% CI 49%–73%). Meta-regression analysis showed that improvement was inversely affected by the presence of pre-operative direct macular injury ( p = 0.001) and corneal scar ( p = 0.015). The proportion of pre-operative BCVA <20/200 was statistically insignificant to the final BCVA ⩾20/200 ( p = 0.569). One study showed that the rate is higher in the retinectomy group than the non-retinectomy group (54% vs 11%). Meta-analysis showed that anatomical success can be achieved in 85% (95% CI 78%–91%) of the patients. Meta-regression analysis indicates that the anatomical success did not vary with age ( p = 0.653), retinal detachment ( p = 0.525), corneal scar ( p = 0.596), and lens involvement ( p = 0.450).

Conclusion:

Early PPV combined with retinectomy was associated with acceptable visual improvement and anatomical success.