bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paz, Una Herramienta De Desarrollo Y Transformación En Los Montes De María
Authors: De León Vargas Georgina Isabel , Ballestas León Damaris Margarita , Martínez Martínez Fredy
Published: November 2019

Colombia a lo largo de más de sesenta años ha vivido en carne propia el horror de la guerra, pero también sus luchas incansables por reconstruir la paz que se anhela respirar en todo sus territorios. Colombia vivió la guerra pero en los Montes de María se vivió el horror, la barbarie lo im­pensable en la historia del conflicto armado Colombiano, pero aun así es un territorio que desea fervientemente la paz, una paz ligada a la lucha de sus pobladores con una atroz pobreza extrema, siendo este un territorio que históricamente se ha reconocido como el que ostenta el mayor índice de pobreza en el caribe colombiano pero es irónicamente el mayor productor de alimentos de la región y el más golpeado en la historia del conflicto, también es la región con más autogestión del caribe en la defensa de la paz y la no repeti­ción de la barbarie del conflicto armado, ac­tualmente en cada rincón de los Montes de María se vive y se goza la alegría que trae consigo escuchar las melodiosas notas de paz de las gaitas y tambores que volvieron a ame­nizar las tardes montemarianas.
Unidad Entre Dios, Fuego, Y Logos En Heráclito De Éfeso
Authors: Rey Encinales Laura Sofia
Published: November 2019

La filosofía de Heráclito refleja el sentido que tiene el mundo y la realidad a pesar de las distintas controversias y contradicciones que se nos presentan a diario. La mayoría de las personas pueden pensar que dos cosas completamente opuestas no pueden provenir de la misma causa, el pensamiento anterior está influido por diferentes posturas lógicas que han surgido como respuesta a cada uno de los acontecimientos que observamos en la realidad, pero desafortunadamente, cada una de estas posturas lógicas no están influidas por el pensamiento de Heráclito, de ser así, no existirían tantas confusiones para entender la realidad como una unidad.
Administración Patrimonial en Colombia
Authors: Ladino Orjuela Wilson
Published: November 2019

Lo que hoy se denomina “Función Pública” ha tenido una historia muy antigua. En los últimos tres siglos empezó en Europa como una preocupación que se denominó “ciencias de la policía”, y fue el Cameralismo a todo lo largo del siglo XVIII en Alemania, el que acuñó esta denominación. Luego se empleó la expresión “Servicio Civil” que fue muy promovido por Inglaterra y Estados Unidos en todo el mundo, a partir del siglo XIX. Entrado el siglo XX se produjo la nueva denominación de “Función Pública” que involucra por lo menos tres aspectos: las organizaciones públicas, el funcionariado y el principio del mérito.
Muebles Hierven” (Poemas de Ruth Patricia Diago)
Authors: Restrepo Botero Mario
Published: November 2019

En esa inmensa olla negra, como de aquelarre, con los ribetes rojos que le dan fuego y calor, caben muchas cosas que en ese caldo poético en que se cocinan, van ardiendo, hirviendo, soltando esa sustancia que le va dando sabor a las palabras de un sorprendente libro de  poemas. Ahí veo cuchillos, escobas, escorpiones, asientos, mesas, gusanos y una gran mancha amarilla con el título: “Los muebles hierven”...
Cólera de la Impaciencia
Authors: Herazo Girón Fernando Antonio
Published: November 2019

La cólera te llegó tarde cuando ya la paciencia apacentaba los espíritus de la rabia de quienes tú creías que te amaban pero no podían soportar tus lejanías silenciosas y tus deseos de escapar de los fantasmas que te perseguían a toda hora pero que nunca existieron realmente...
Verte Crecer, es Verme Crecer
Authors: Buelvas Cabrera Emperatriz
Published: November 2019

Tus ojos pequeñitos me enseñaron que mi amor es infinito cuando aprendiste a caminar entendí lo que era cuidar los pasos de alguien al andar, tus ojos azul ternura siguen siendo una hermosura y tus preguntas inocentes me hicieron buscar respuestas llenas de animales diferentes… Elefantes, dinosaurios y rinocerontes todos hicieron parte de una historia que me aprendí de memoria...
Inhibitory and Stimulatory Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Cytochrome P450 2D6-mediated Dopamine Formation from p-Tyramine
Authors: Niwa Toshiro , Sugimoto Shizuya
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE: The effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine and paroxetine on dopamine formation from p-tyramine, mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6.2 (Arg296Cys, Ser486Thr) and CYP2D6.10 (Pro34Ser, Ser486Thr), were compared with their effects on CYP2D6.1 (wild type)-mediated dopamine formation, to investigate the influence of a CYP2D6 polymorphism on neuroactive amine metabolism in the brain. METHODS: The Michaelis constants (Km) and maximal velocity (Vmax) values of dopamine formation mediated by CYP2D6.1, CYP2D6.2, and CYP2D6.10 (expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli), and inhibition constants (Ki) of the SSRIs toward dopamine formation catalyzed by the CYP2D6 variants were estimated. RESULTS: The Km values for CYP2D6.2 and CYP2D6.10 decreased at lower fluoxetine concentrations, while the Vmax values for all CYP2D6 variants increased, indicating that fluoxetine stimulated dopamine formation. Conversely, paroxetine competitively inhibited dopamine formation mediated by CYP2D6.1, CYP2D6.2, and CYP2D6.10 with Ki values of 0.47, 1.33, and 31.3 µM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the inhibition/stimulation of CYP2D6
ACOLHIMENTO COM AVALIAÇÃO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE RISCO: ESTRUTURA E PROCESSO DO ATENDIMENTO
Authors: Santos de Jesus Ana Paula , Rocha Pimentel Pimenta Guiomar , Oliveira de Jesus Larissa , Pinto Okuno Meiry Fernanda , Assayag Batista Ruth Ester
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: avaliar a estrutura e o processo do acolhimento com classificação de risco em uma unidade de emergência de acordo com as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde. Método: estudo descritivo e exploratório, realizado em uma unidade de emergência da Bahia. As técnicas de investigação foram a observação sistemática e a entrevista com enfermeiros. Para a análise foram feitas comparações e confrontações das avaliações das dimensões qualitativas de estrutura e processo. Resultados: os recursos disponíveis para o funcionamento da classificação de risco, quanto à estrutura física, recursos materiais e ao fluxo de atendimento contemplavam parcialmente o que é preconizado. Existiam lacunas, como sinalização dos espaços, ausência de alguns materiais na sala da classificação de risco, o não cumprimento do tempo de espera e ausência formal da referência/contrarreferência. Conclusão: a estrutura e o processo do acolhimento com classificação de risco em uma unidade de emergência precisavam de adequação do espaço físico e do suprimento total de recursos para cumprir o que é proposto pelo Ministério da Saúde.

Descritores: Enfermagem. Acolhimento. Triagem. Serviços Médicos de Emergência.
Structural Analysis of Linkage Mechanisms of Hydraulic Manipulators
Authors: Piskunov M.A.
Published: November 2019

The structural schemes of hydraulic manipulators used in the roundwood handling operations are presented. The seventeen schemes of manipulators are considered. The characteristic technological processes are identified, the nominal motions of the attachment mounted on the manipulator are described and the structure of the manipulator used in each process is considered. The variety of structures of linkage mechanisms in manipulators is associated both with the accumulation of Assur groups and with the increase in the Assur group class. Mechanisms with the number of Assur groups up to 4 are used. Assur groups of 2nd and 3rd classes are mainly found in the mechanisms. Adding the degree of freedom to the manipulator is accompanied by emerging of an additional kinematic chain in the structure. The structures studied are divided into two groups: the first covers the structures in which the input links are attached to the column; the second consists of structures with internal inputs. Variants of additional classification features are proposed for structures with internal inputs. The known provisions of structural analysis as a whole allow the analysis to be performed if the internal input is separated out as an individual input link. Otherwise, it is necessary to correct the approaches to the structural analysis of mechanisms having internal input links.
Exponential Autoregressive Parameters Estimation
Authors: Goryainov V.B. , Khing W.M.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the research was to compare the least squares estimatate and the least absolute deviation estimate depending on the probability distribution of the renewal process of the autoregressive equation. To achieve this goal, the sequence of observations of the exponential autoregressive process was repeatedly reproduced using computer simulation, and the least squares estimate and the least absolute deviation estimate were calculated for each sequence. The resulting estimation sequences were used to calculate the sample variances of the least squares estimate and the least absolute deviation estimate. The best estimate was the one with the lowest sample variance. The quantitative measure for the estimates comparison was the sample relative efficiency of estimates, defined as the inverse ratio of their sample variances. Normal distribution, contaminated normal distribution, i.e. Tukey distribution, with different values of the proportion and intensity of contamination, logistic distribution, Laplace distribution and Student distribution with different degrees of freedom, in particular, with one degree of freedom, that is, Cauchy distribution, were used as models of probability distribution of the renewal process. For each probability distribution, asymptotic values of the sample relative efficiency were obtained with an unlimited increase in the sample size of the observations of the autoregressive process. Findings of research show that the least absolute deviation estimate is better than the least squares estimate for Laplace distribution and the contaminated normal distribution with sufficiently large levels of the proportion and intensity of contamination. In other cases, the least squares estimate is preferable.
Registration of the Emission of Submicron Particles of Rocks to Predict the Destruction of Underground Mine Workings at Rockburst-Hazardous Deposits
Authors: Viktorov S.D. , Osokin A.A. , Shlyapin A.V. , Lapikov I.N.
Published: November 2019

The results of studies of the conditions for the formation of submicron particles from the surface of the rock formation under the influence of external factors are presented. The deformation and destruction of the mass of rock formations under the conditions of anthropogenic activity under the influence of rock pressure and blasting are characterized by the origin and development of structural defects at various scale levels. A method for recording the emission of submicron particles is proposed to carry out experimental work forstudies of the process of disintegration and the formation of free particles. The results of laboratory studies of the stress-strain state of rock formation samples with a through cylindrical cavity under uniaxial compression, made on the basis of a physical model for the formation of submicron particles from the surface of the samples under study, are presented. The sizes and nature of changes in stress concentration zones and fracture under quasi-static uniaxial loading of specimens are determined. The loading limits have been established to ensure the transfer of rock formation samples to the pre-fracture state. The obtained results are necessary for the development of a fundamentally new method and hardware-technical base for recording dynamic forms of manifestation of rock pressure and prediction of rockbursts in the conduct of underground mining. The results of experimental-industrial tests of the method for determining the stress-strain state of a specific section of a rock formation massif based on the phenomenon of submicron particle emission are presented.
Effect of Biofilm of Aeromonas Hydrophila Oral Vaccine on Growth Performance and Histopathological Changes in Various Tissues of Striped Catfish, Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus (Sauvage 1878)
Authors: Mamun M. A.A. , Nasren S. , Abhiman P. B. , Rathore S. S. , Sowndarya N. S. , Ramesh K. S. , Shankar K. M.
Published: November 2019

Biofilm of Aeromonas hydrophila oral vaccine was evaluated on growth and histopathological features of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Fish were fed with feed incorporating biofilm (BF) or free cell (FC) of A. hydrophila vaccine at 1010 cells/fish/day for 20 days and basal feed for 60 days. From 30th day onwards, till end of the trial, the mean weight gain (g/fish) was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in BF treated group than both FC and control group. At the end of the study, histopathological changes in gills, liver and kidney were evaluated using haematoxylin eosin technique. The histopathological findings, in BF fed P. hypophthalmus, showed normal architechture of the gills, liver and kidney. However, fishes fed on FC and control group, resulted several histopathological abnormalities in all the organs.
Expression of Cardiac Specific Cell Marker in Ex Vivo Differentiated Canine iPSC
Authors: Singh Purnima , Mondal Tanmay , Kumar Kuldeep , Das Kinsuk , Mahalakshmi N , Madhusoodan A P , Bag Sadhan
Published: November 2019

Induced Pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have a high ability to renew and differentiate themselves into various lineages and as vehicles of cell based therapy. Stem cell can differentiate under appropriate in vitro and in vivo conditions into different cell types. This study described the establishment of condition for in vitro expression of alpha MHC gene in cardiac differentiated canine iPSC (ciPSC). In vitro differentiation of canine iPSCs via embryoid bodies (EBs) were produced by ‘Hanging Drop’ method. EB’s were differentiated by using IMDM differentiation media: FBS – 10%, NEAA (100X) – 0.5%, Â-Mercaptoethanol- 100mM, Gentamycin- 5µg/ml supplemented with Azacytidine- 0.5µM. During differentiation, EBs were collected on day 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 for characterization of cardiomyocytes specific marker expression. Total RNA from EBs were extracted by using Trizol method and subsequently cDNA were synthesized. The differentiated cells expressed cardiac specific gene (Alpha MHC) which started from day 6 of differentiation upto day 24 Immunocytochemistry and relative expression of cardiac specific genes revealed that ciPSC have the potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes which can be used for cardiac tissue regeneration and as disease models for pharmaceutical testing.
Management Practices for Rearing of Gangatiri Cattle in Native Tract
Authors: Singh Puspendra Kumar , Sankhala G. , Singh P. K.
Published: November 2019

The present study was purposively conducted in native tract of Gangatiri cattle in Uttar Pradesh. The information were collected from 108 respondents, who were rearing Gangatiri cattle for their livelihood. It was observed that most (53.70%) of the respondents practicing 6-10 hrs grazing of their Gangatiri herd. All the farmers were providing natural service to cows in estrus, maximum number of them (54.63%) between 12 to 16 hrs after detection of estrus and 53.70 per cent of them with bulls available in village surroundings. Maximum number of respondents (35.20%) initially used indigenous knowledge for disease treatment and after that consulted with veterinary doctor/ stockman. Major diseases prevelant in the area include FMD, HS, BQ and mastitis. Gangatiri cows were found to be more resistance to the diseases and heat tolerant as compared to crossbred cattle. Majority (81.48%) of respondents kept their cattle on kachcha floor in good sanitary conditions. About 70.37% respondents made cattle shed as a part of their houses. Majority (59.25 %) of the cattle owners were using knuckling method of milking, which may be a cause of mastitis in animals. It can be concluded that there is need of awareness programmes on scientific cattle rearing practices and interventions like supply of semen of bulls of high genetic merit under AI programme or bulls of good genetic merit for natural breeding, adequate grazing land and inputs for health management practices are needed to make the Gangatiri cattle rearing more beneficial.
Differential Expression of Cytokine in Kadaknath and Commercial Chicken Against Coccidial Challenge
Authors: Thakur M. S. , Parmar S.N.S. , Jha. Amit Kumar , Pandey Akhilesh
Published: November 2019

In the present investigation the relative expression of interleukins (IL)-1â, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17 and interferon (IFN)-Y genes were explored in response to coccidial challenge in Kadaknath (n=12), Cari-Vishal (n=12) and Cobb (n=12) broiler chicken using quantitative PCR. The intraepithelial lymphocytes cell of control, T1 and T2 on 4, 7 and 14d post infection (pi) were used as templates for expression of five inflammatory cytokines. The relative mean fold expression for ILâ1 ranged from 9.91± 0.14 (Kadaknath) to 119.01±0.29 (Cobb). The highest and lowest relative mean fold expression for IL-2 was observed to be 242.19±0.40 and 6.25±0.03 in Cobb at d4 and d14 pi, respectively. For IL-6 gene, the lowest relative mean fold expression was observed in Kadaknath (8.11±0.05) while the highest value was recorded in Cobb (99.04±0.92). The relative mean fold expression for IL-17 was 11.04±0.29 in Kadaknath and 197.40±0.37 in Cobb. For IFN-Y gene, the lowest relative mean fold expression was observed in Kadaknath (8.11±0.19), while the highest value was recorded in Cobb (84.74±0.25). In Cobb and Cari-Vishal broilers most cytokines (IL-1â, IL-6, IL-17 and IFN-Y) were observed to be transcribed to higher levels than Kadaknath chicken. It is concluded that the differential expression of cytokine genes in three genetic groups showed different degree of mucosal immune response to Eimeria infection and it depend upon the genetic background/genotype of birds, coccidial dosage and age of infection.
El atuendo de la diosa. Identidad y representación a través del ejemplo de Juno Sospita = The attire of the goddess. Identity and representation through the example of Juno Sospita
Authors: González Estrada Lidia
Published: November 2019

Resumen: En este trabajo tratamos de examinar los distintos elementos que componen el atuendo de la diosa Iuno Sospita, que presenta una iconografía muy particular. El objetivo es analizar cada uno de los atributos que componen su imagen y utilizarlos como herramientas de interpretación que nos permitan ahondar en la verdadera naturaleza de la divinidad lanuvina, un tema que genera una gran controversia. Finalmente, pretendemos reflexionar sobre el carácter polisémico de estos códigos de representación visual, que pueden incorporar significados cambiantes al compás de la evolución histórica.Abstract: In this work we aim to examine the different elements that make up the attire of the goddess Iuno Sospita, which presents a very peculiar iconography. The goal is to analyse each of the attributes that comprise her image and use them as tools of interpretation that will allow us to delve into the true nature of the Lanuvian deity, an issue that generates great controversy. Finally, we aspire to reflect on the polysemic nature of these visual representation codes which can incorporate changing meanings in tune with historical evolution.Palabras clave: Atuendo, Diosa, identidad, Iuno, Lanuvio.Key words: Attire, goddess, identity, Iuno, Lanuvium.
La vulva de Atis = The vulva of Attis
Authors: Alvar Ezquerra Jaime , López Gómez José Carlos , Pañeda Murcia Beatriz
Published: November 2019

Resumen: La iconografía de la vestimenta de Atis es muy variada. Uno de los tipos más característicos es la imagen del dios con el vestido abierto mostrando, con frecuencia, el sexo. La forma en la que se abre la túnica no deja lugar a dudas: representa una vulva. Es sugerente imaginar que esa forma alude al momento del mito en el que se produce la eviración. El Carmen 63 de Catulo es un buen material propedéutico para el problema. Más allá de la constatación de la ambigüedad sexual del dios cercenado, lo interesante en este caso es que la ambigüedad se resuelve mediante un mecanismo ideológico de oposición de contrarios: lo que no es claramente viril, aparenta femenino. En consecuencia, la representación de la vestimenta es aprovechada para resolver un conflicto de los observadores que soportan mal la indefinición genérica: la pérdida del sexo masculino se reviste con la marca genital femenina.Abstract: The iconography of Attis’ clothing is varied. One of the most characteristic types is the image of the god with the open dress showing often his sex. The way the tunic is opened leaves no doubt: it represents a vulva. It is suggesting imagining that this form alludes to the moment of the myth whereby the castration takes place. Catullus’s Carmen 63 is a good propaedeutic material for the problem. Beyond the verification of the sexual ambiguity of the emasculated god, the interesting point in this case is that the ambiguity is resolved by means of an ideological mechanism of opposition of opposites: what is not clearly virile, seems feminine. Consequently, the representation of the clothing is used to resolve a conflict generated in the observers who badly endure generic lack of definition: the loss of the male sex is clothed with the female genital mark.Palabras clave: Androginia, Atis, Cibeles, Frigia, vulva.Key words: Androgyny, Attis, Cibeles, Phrygia, vulva.
Pironti, Gabriella y Bonnet, Corinne (eds.): Les dieux d'Homère: polythéisme et poésie en Grèce ancienne. (Kernos, Supplément, 31), Liège: Presses Universitaires de Liège, 2017
Authors: González García Francisco Javier
Published: November 2019

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Urciuoli, Emiliano Rubens: Servire due padroni: una genealogia dell'uomo politico cristiano (50-313 e.v.), Brescia: Editrice Morcelliana, 2018
Authors: Vinzent Markus
Published: November 2019

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Introducción
Authors: Galán Ilia
Published: November 2019

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Sobre uso y valor de la ficción en la historia griega y romana = The use and value of fiction in Greek and Roman history
Authors: Muñiz Coello J.
Published: November 2019

Resumen: Griegos y romanos conectaron con su pasado, en primer lugar, a través del poema épico. Éste, con los recursos que eran propios del género poético, caracterizó el modo de elaborar el relato historiográfico posterior. Así, ficción y realidad fueron los elementos que dieron forma a las historias que nos dejaron griegos y romanos. Intentamos aquí ofrecer las actitudes que los historiadores de Roma asumieron a la hora de compatibilizar la ficción con la evidencia, la fábula con la realidad, y su consecuencia en el relato historiográfico.Palabras clave: fábula, historia, poesía, Livio, Dionisio de Halicarnaso.Abstract: Ancient Greeks and Romans knew about their past primarily through the epic poem. With the poetic resources typical of this genre, it went on to typify the way in which the historical report was made. In other words, both truth and fiction became elements giving form to the histories of Greek and Roman authors. In this paper, we explore the Roman historians’ attitudes in order to reconcile fiction with evidence, fable with fact and the consequences on the historical account.Key words: Fable, history, poetry, Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus.
Miradas encontradas. Sociedades y ciudadanías de España y Estados Unidos
Authors: Pereira Castañares Juan Carlos
Published: November 2019

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Approaches to Addressing Informal Settlement Problems: A Case Study of District 13 in the Kabul city, Afghanistan
Authors: Rezayee Maqsood , Ling Gabriel Hoh Teck , Misnan Siti Hajar
Published: November 2019

Abstract: Afghanistan witnessed rapid urbanization in recent decades due to the post-war recovery process. When the war ended in 2001 by fall of Taliban regime, most Afghans refugees returned to urban areas of Afghanistan, especially in Kabul city. Moreover, the rapid urbanization, migration from rural areas, and population growth impacted on Kabul city with the manifestation of informal settlement. The residents of informal settlements suffer social and economic exclusion from the benefit and opportunity of an urban environment. Furthermore, the residents of informal settlements experience disadvantages by geographical marginalization, shortage of basic infrastructure, improper governance framework, vulnerability into the effect of poor environment, and natural disasters. With all the above, the problems of informal settlements are considered enormous challenges for informal residents. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the proper approaches to addressing informal settlement problems in District 13 of Kabul city. To reach the aim of the research, the interview and questionnaires survey used as an instrument in data collection. Consequently, the finding of this paper indicates that through the resident’s preferences, government capacity, and District 13 physical condition there are three approaches which can be implemented and adopted for improvement of informal settlement in District 13 of Kabul city, which is settlement upgrading as the first option, the land readjustment as the second option and urban redevelopment as the last option.
A High-pressure Investigation of the Synthetic Analogue of Chalcomenite, CuSeO3∙2H2O
Authors: Gonzalez-Platas Javier , Rodriguez-Hernandez Placida , Muñoz Alfonso , Rodriguez-Mendoza Ulises , Nenert Gwilherm , Errandonea Daniel
Published: November 2019

Synthetic chalcomenite-type cupric selenite CuSeO3∙2H2O has been studied at room temperature under compression up to pressures of 8 GPa by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and density-functional theory. According to X-ray diffraction, the orthorhombic phase undergoes an isostructural phase transition at 4.0(5) GPa with the thermodynamic character being first-order. This conclusion is supported by Raman spectroscopy studies which have detected the phase transition at 4.5(2) GPa and by the first-principles computing simulations. The structure solution at different pressures has provided information on the change with pressure of unit-cell parameters as well as on the bond and polyhedral compressibility. A Birch-Murnaghan equation of state has been fitted to the unit-cell volume data. We found that chalcomenite is highly compressible with a bulk modulus of 42 – 49 GPa. The possible mechanism driving changes in the crystal structure is discussed, being the behavior of CuSeO3∙2H2O mainly dominated by the large compressibility of the coordination polyhedron of Cu. On top of that, an assignation of Raman modes is proposed based upon density-functional theory and the pressure dependence of Raman modes discussed. Finally, the pressure dependence of phonon frequencies is also reported.
Extensometer for Determining Strains on a Tensile and Torsion Simultaneous Load
Authors: Goanta Viorel
Published: November 2019

The paper presents an extensometer designed to measure two mechanical strains at the same time—one from tensile load and the other from torsion load. Strain transducers provide different electric signals, which, after calibration, lead to the simultaneous measurement of linear (ε) and angular (γ) strains. Each of these two signals depends on the measured process and is not influenced by the other strain process. This extensometer is designed to be easily mounted on the sample with only two mounting points and can be used to measure the combined cyclical fatigue of tensile and torsional loadings. This extensometer has two bars—one rigid, reported at the resulting stress points, and one elastic and deformable. The elastic deformable bar has two beams with different orientations. When the sample is deformed, both beams are loaded by two bending moments (perpendicular to each other and both perpendicular on the longitudinal axis of the bars).
Solar UV Irradiance in a Changing Climate: Trends in Europe and the Significance of Spectral Monitoring in Italy
Authors: Fountoulakis Ilias , Diémoz Henri , Siani Annamaria , Laschewski Gudrun , Filippa Gianluca , Arola Antti , Bais Alkiviadis F. , De Backer Hugo , Lakkala Kaisa , Webb Ann R. , De Bock Veerle , Karppinen Tomi , Garane Katerina , Kapsomenakis John , Koukouli Maria-Elissavet , Zerefos Christos S.
Published: November 2019

Review of the existing bibliography shows that the direction and magnitude of the long-term trends of UV irradiance, and their main drivers, vary significantly throughout Europe. Analysis of total ozone and spectral UV data recorded at four European stations during 1996 – 2017 reveals that long-term changes in UV are mainly driven by changes in aerosols, cloudiness, and surface albedo, while changes in total ozone play a less significant role. The variability of UV irradiance is large throughout Italy due to the complex topography and large latitudinal extension of the country. Analysis of the spectral UV records of the urban site of Rome, and the alpine site of Aosta reveals that differences between the two sites follow the annual cycle of the differences in cloudiness and surface albedo. Comparisons between the noon UV index measured at the ground at the same stations and the corresponding estimates from the DWD forecast model and OMI/Aura observations reveal differences of up to 6 units between individual measurements, which are likely due to the different spatial resolution of the different datasets, and average differences of 0.5 – 1 unit, possibly related to the use of climatological surface albedo and aerosol optical properties in the retrieval algorithms.
A New Paradox in Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Mardari Ghenadie N.
Published: November 2019

The EPR paradox is known as an interpretive problem, as well as a technical discovery in quantum mechanics. It defined the basic features of two-quantum entanglement, as needed to study the relationships between two non-commuting variables. In contrast, four variables are observed in a typical Bell experiment. This is no longer the same problem. The full complexity of this process can only be captured by the analysis of four-quantum entanglement. Indeed, a new paradox emerges in this context, with straightforward consequences. Either quantum behavior is capable of signaling non-locality, or it is local. Both alternatives appear to contradict existing knowledge. Still, one of them has to be true, and the final answer can be obtained conclusively with a four-quantum Bell experiment.
Improving Center Vortex Detection by Usage of Center Regions as Guidance for the Direct Maximal Center Gauge
Authors: Golubich Rudolf , Faber Manfried
Published: November 2019

The center vortex model of quantum chromodynamic states that vortices, closed color-magnetic flux, percolate the vacuum. Vortices are seen as the relevant excitations of the vacuum, causing confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. In an appropriate gauge, as direct maximal center gauge, vortices are detected by projecting onto the center degrees of freedom. Such gauges suffer from Gribov copy problems: different local maxima of the corresponding gauge functional can result in different predictions of the string tension. By using non-trivial center regions, that is, regions whose boundary evaluates to a non-trivial center element, a resolution of this issue seems possible. We use such non-trivial center regions to guide simulated annealing procedures, preventing an underestimation of the string tension in order to resolve the Gribov copy problem.
Up-Down and Left-Right by the Heart Transcriptome
Authors: Iacobas Sanda , Amuzescu Bogdan , Iacobas Dumitru
Published: November 2019

Myocardium transcriptomes of mouse left and right atria and ventricles were profiled separately to identify the differences that might be responsible for the distinct functional roles of the four heart chambers. In total, 16,886 distinct unigenes have been quantified in all 16 samples collected from four adult male mice from the same litter. 15.76% of the quantified genes on the left and 16.5% on the right exhibited differential expression between the corresponding atrium and ventricle of the same side, while 5.8% in atria and 1.2% in ventricles were differently expressed between the left and the right. Beyond the differentially expressed genes, the study revealed distinct expression control and coordination of ion channels and genes within the cardiac muscle contraction, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis/glucogenesis, calcium and adrenergic signaling pathways. Interestingly, while expression of Ank2 (encoding ankyrin-B) oscillates in phase with all its binding partners in the left ventricle, the percentage of synergistically expressed partners of Ank2 is 15% and 37% in the left and right atria and 74% in the right ventricle. The analysis revealed also the high interventricular synchrony of the expression of ion channels.
Korelasi dan Analisis Lintas Antara Karakter Agronomi dengan Hasil pada Pinang Emas (Areca catechu L.) [Correlation and Path Analysis Between Agronomy Characters of Pinang Emas (Areca catechu L.) with Yield ]
Authors: Miftahorrachman NFN , Mawardi Sukmawati , Maskromo Ismail
Published: November 2019

Pinang Emas is a new high yielding variety of arecanut, is resulted from positive mass selection of arecanuts population in Kota Kotamobagu, North Sulawesi Province. The study was purposing to estimate the correlation between vegetative, generative and fruit  component characters to yield of Pinang Emas. The research was conducted in The Kayuwatu Experimental Garden, Indonesia Coconut Palm Research Institue, North Sulwesi, from January to December 2018. Path analysis of 21 characters using formula of Singh and Chaudary. The results of simple correlation analysis produce 25 relationships, most of which are relationships among the fruit component characters and there is no correlation with the number of fruits per bunch (JBT). The results of a simple correlation analysis resulted in 25 relationships, most of which were relationships between fruit component characters and there was no correlation with the number of fruits per bunch (JBT). Path analysis of six characters of fruit component showed only character of polar length of unhusked fruit (PPBTS) has direct effect to weight of fruit with value of r= 0.56 and indirect effect of BBBTS through PPBTS caharacter. The benefit of this research is that the character of PPBTS can be used as a selection criterion for the improvement of the production of Pinang Emas.

ABSTRAK

Pinang Emas merupakan varietas unggul baru pinang,  sebagai hasil seleksi massa positif dari tetua yang berasal dari Kota Kotamobagu, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara karakter vegetatif, generatif dan komponen buah dengan produksi buah varietas Pinang Emas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Kayuwatu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma, Sulawesi Utara, mulai bulan  Januari sampai Desember 2018. Analisa sidik lintas 21 karakter vegetatif, generatif serta komponen buah terhadap karakter jumlah buah per tandan menggunakan rumus dari Singh dan Chaudary. Hasil analisis korelasi sederhana menghasilkan 25 hubungan, sebagian besar adalah hubungan antar karakter komponen buah dan tidak terdapat korelasi dengan jumlah buah per tandan (JBT). Hasil analisis sidik lintas tujuh karakter komponen buah, hanya karakter panjang polar buah tanpa sabut (PPBTS) yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap berat buah utuh (BBU) dengan nilai r=0.56, dan pengaruh tidak langsung karakter BBBPTS melalui karakter PPBTS. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah karakter PPBTS dapat dijadikan kriteria seleksi untuk perbaikan produksi Pinang Emas.

 
 
Keunggulan Kompetitif Agronomis dan Ekonomis Lima Belas Genotipe Kedelai pada Tumpangsari dengan Jagung
Authors: Sundari Titik , Mutmaidah Siti
Published: November 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keunggulan kompetitif agronomis dan ekonomis 15 genotipe kedelai pada tumpangsari jagung dengan kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Kendalpayak Malang pada Maret-Juli 2018, menggunakan 12 galur harapan kedelai dan tiga varietas pembanding, yaitu Dena 1 dan Dena 2 (toleran naungan) serta Grobogan (ukuran biji besar dan umur genjah). Perlakuan disusun berdasarkan rancangan petak terbagi, empat ulangan. Petak utama adalah pola tanam (monokultur dan tumpangsari jagung dengan kedelai), sedangkan anak petak adalah 15 genotipe kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tumpangsari menurunkan hasil kedelai dan jagung masing-masing 61,53% dan 31,05% dibandingkan monokultur. Pada pola tanam tumpangsari, hasil jagung tertinggi dicapai pada tumpangsari jagung dengan genotipe Grob/Pander-395-2, dan hasil kedelai tertinggi dicapai pada tumpangsari jagung dengan genotipe Grob/IT-7-2. Genotipe kedelai berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai koefisien kepadatan relatif (K), nilai agresivitas (A), nisbah kesetaraan lahan (NKL), nisbah kompetitif (NK), dan kehilangan hasil aktual (KHA) pada tumpangsari jagung dengan kedelai. Genotipe Grob/IT-7-2 merupakan kompetitor terkuat, dan memiliki dominasi terbesar bagi tanaman jagung dalam tumpangsari jagung dengan kedelai. Namun, berdasarkan nisbah R/C, indeks keuntungan finansial (IKF), nisbah kesetaraan pendapatan (NKP), dan nisbah kesetaraan lahan (NKL), keuntungan terbesar dicapai pada tumpangsari jagung dengan kedelai genotipe Grob/IT-7-7.
Serangga Hama Kedelai dan Musuh Alami di Lahan Pasang Surut Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Indiati Sri Wahyuni
Published: November 2019

 

Kerusakan tanaman akibat serangan hama merupakan salah satu kendala pengembangan kedelai di lahan pasang surut. Informasi tentang komposisi spesies hama kedelai dan musuh alaminya merupakan kebijakan dasar pengelolaan hama terpadu di suatu lokasi, sehingga survei perlu dilakukan, untuk mengetahui dominasi dan status hama kedelai serta musuh alaminya di lahan pasang surut. Survei dilakukan pada bulan Juni sampai dengan November 2016 di Kalimantan Selatan. Serangga hama yang ditemukan di lokasi survei sangat tergantung dari umur/fase pertumbuhan tanaman saat dilakukan pencatatan. Komposisi jenis hama kedelai yang ditemukan di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan adalah kutu kebul (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), wereng daun (Empoasca kerri Pruthi), lalat kacang (Ophiomyia phaseoli Tryon), ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura Fabricius), belalang (Attractomorpha crenulata), perusak polong (Piezodorus hybneri Gmelin, Riptortus linearis Fabricius, Nezara viridula Linnaeus dan Etiella zinckenella Treitsche), dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H) 1,655 dan indeks dominansi Simpson (c) 0,214. Di antara hama-hama tersebut, S. litura, P. hybneri, R. linearis, N. viridula dan E. zinckenella merupakan hama penting di semua lokasi survei. Jenis musuh alami yang banyak ditemukan ada tiga jenis, yaitu Oxyopes sp., parasitoid dan Coccinella sp. dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H) 1,088 dan indeks dominansi Simpson (c) 0,415. Pengendalian hama pada tanaman kedelai di lahan pasang surut harus mempertimbangkan hama-hama utama dan musuh alaminya. 

 

 
Assigning scRNA-seq data to known and de novo cell types using CellAssign
Authors: Zhang Allen W , Campbell Kieran R , Shah Sohrab P
Published: November 2019

Assigning cells to known or de-novo cell types is an important step in the analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. This protocol outlines how to use the CellAssign R package to accomplish this.
Analgosedation during flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy: Comparing the clinical effectiveness and safety of remifentanil versus midazolam/propofol
Authors: Lee Hyun , Choe Yeong Hun , Park Seung Yong
Published: November 2019

Background: There are limited data regarding the efficacy and safety of remifentanil sedation for diagnostic bronchoscopy. Methods: A retrospective study of 186 patients who underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy at Chonbuk National University Hospital was performed. Patients were classified into the remifentanil group and midazolam/propofol group according to the drugs used during bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of remifentanil by comparing it with those of conventional drugs, midazolam and propofol. Results: Of the 186 patients, 111 patients received remifentanil and 75 received midazolam/propofol during the bronchoscopy. The proportion of patients who required bronchoscopy for endobronchial inspection alone was significantly higher in the midazolam/propofol group than in the remifentanil group (93.3% vs. 71.2%; p < 0.001). In contrast, the proportion of patients who required more invasive procedures, such as bronchoscopic biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, or transbronchial lung biopsy, was significantly higher in the remifentanil group than in the midazolam/propofol group (27.8% vs. 6.7%; p < 0.001). The recovery time was significantly shorter in the remifentanil group than in the midazolam/propofol group (mean 6.4 min vs. 11.6 min, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to safety events including desaturation, hypotension, and arrhythmia. Conclusions: Despite the higher proportion of patients who underwent more invasive procedures in the remifentanil group than in the midazolam/propofol group, there was no significant difference in safety events between the groups. Those in the remifentanil group also demonstrated a faster recovery time than those in the midazolam/propofol group.
Predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and West Gojjam Zone, northwest, Ethiopia, 2017
Authors: Mera Habtamu Belew , Wubie Moges , Tizazu Getaye , Bitew Abebaw , Birlew Tesfa
Published: November 2019

Background: Tuberculosis is a serious health threat, especially for people living with human immune deficiency virus worldwide and the burden of TB/HIV infection is still high in Ethiopia in particular. Objective: To determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and west Gojjam, Northwest Ethiopia, 2017Methods: An institution based unmatched case-control study was conducted in East and West Gojjam Zone, Northwest, Ethiopia from March 7-April 15, 2017. Cases were 139 tuberculosis infected human immune deficiency virus positives and controls were 413 non-TB infected HIV positives i.e. 1:3 proportion. All cases in each health facility who confirmed by acid-fast bacilli (direct microscopy), culture and gene expert were considered as TB positive fine needle aspiration. However controls were selected by using simple random sampling technique through the above diagnostic criteria and the data were collected with Face to face interview as well as patient medical record were used and the quality of the data were assured, checked, coded, cleaned and entered in EPI-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for the analysis. Result: Of the total sample (556), just about 552(99.2%) were participated in the study among this 47.5% were females and 58.9% were rural. Behavioral and modifiable biological risk factors: alcohol users (AOR=2.33; 95% CI:1.34,4.07), BMI<18.5kg/m2 (AOR=3.03;95%CI:1.79,5.14), CD4 count ≤200 cells/µl (AOR=2.34;95%CI:1.89,2.79) and between 201-499 cells/µl (AOR=2.63; 95%CI: 1.01,6.84), bedridden and ambulatory (AOR=3.3;95%CI:1.70,6.29 and AOR=8.2;95%CI:4.34,15.64),respectively. TB history in the family (AOR=3.00; 95%CI: 1.57, 5.74) were predictors for TB infection. Taking CPT (AOR=0.36; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.62) and having early WHO clinical stage I or II (AOR=0.34; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.56) had protective effect against TB infection. Conclusion &Recommendation: Behavioral, biological, clinical and TB history in the family were highly prevalent in the study area. Strengthen screening more frequently, CPT Prophlaxysis and treated promptly important to reduce TB co-morbidity.
Genetic characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) virus isolated from domestic geese in Iraq, 2018
Authors: Saeed Nahla M. , Rashid Peshnyar M.A. , Dyary Hiewa Othman
Published: November 2019

After the circulation of H5N1 in 2006, 2015 and 2016 in Iraq, a new H5N8 influenza virus emerged in Iraq in 2018. In this study, a HPAI virus subtype H5N8 was identified from backyard domestic geese in Kurdistan region, Iraq. Phylogenic analyses of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes indicated that Iraq H5N8 viruses belonged to clade 2.3.4.4 group B and clustered with isolates from Iran, Israel and Belgium. Genetic analysis of HA of the Iraq H5N8 indicated molecular markers for avian-type receptors. Characterization of the NA gene showed that the virus had sensitive molecular markers for antiviral drugs. This is the first study ever on H5N8 in Iraq and it is crucial to understand the epidemiology of the viruses in Iraq and the Middle East. The results are suggestive of a possible role of migratory birds in the introduction of HPAI subtype H5N8 into Iraq.
A simple strategy based on fibers coated with surfactant-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes to improve the properties of solid-phase microextraction of phenols in aqueous solution
Authors: zhou xueqing , Xie Yanli , Zhao Zhendong , Fu Wenyan
Published: November 2019

A functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was developed for concentrating analytes in aqueous samples. Sodium deoxycholate(NaDC) was used as a dispersing agent for non-covalent modification of MWCNTs. The coating was characterized by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. It showed porous structure and had large adsorption capacity. To investigate the capability of this MWCNTs/NaDC SPME fiber, it was applied to the analysis of phenols in aqueous solution. After extraction, the analytes were desorbed in an acetonitrile–water solution and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The MWCNTs/NaDC fiber exhibited good analytical performance, and fine preparation reproducibility was obtained with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 4.9% to 10.2% (n = 6) in one batch, from 5.7% to 11.9% (n = 3) among different batches. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the detection limits were 0.15–0.30 ng/mL(S/N=3), the linear detection ranges were 1–100 ng/mL (R2≥0.9997) for these analytes, and good recoveries(80.3%–95.4%) were obtained for the spiked samples. This is a simple and accurate pretreatment method for the analysis of phenols in aqueous samples.
New Insights into Mammalian Sex Chromosome Structure and Evolution from High-quality Bovine X and Y Chromosome Sequences
Authors: Liu Ruijie , Low Wai Yee , Tearle Rick , Koren Sergey , Ghurye Jay , Rhie Arang , Phillippy Adam M. , Rosen Benjamin D. , Bickhart Derek M. , Smith Timothy P.L. , Hiendleder Stefan , Williams John Lewis
Published: November 2019

Background Mammalian X chromosomes are mainly euchromatic with a similar size and structure among species whereas Y chromosomes are smaller, have undergone substantial evolutionary changes and accumulated male specific genes and genes involved in sex determination. The PAR is conserved on the X and Y and pair during meiosis. The structure, evolution and function of mammalian sex chromosomes is still poorly understood because few species have high quality sex chromosome assemblies. Results Here we report the first bovine sex chromosome assemblies that include the complete pseudoautosomal region (PAR) spanning 6.84 Mb and three Y chromosome X-degenerate (X-d) regions. We show that the ruminant PAR comprises 31 genes and is similar to the PAR of pig and dog but extends further than those of human and horse. Differences in the pseudoautosomal boundaries are consistent with evolutionary divergence times. Conclusions A bovidae-specific expansion of members of the lipocalin gene family in the PAR may reflect immune-modulation and anti-inflammatory responses that contribute to parasite resistance in ruminants. Comparison of the X-d regions of Y chromosomes across species reveal five conserved X-Y gametologs, which are global regulators of gene activity, and may have a fundamental role in mammalian sexual dimorphism.