bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate and anthropogenic activities threaten two langur species irrespective of their range size
Authors: Ye Xiulin , Garber Paul A. , Li Ming , Zhao Xumao
Published: April 2024

Aim

If species fail to track the pace of climate change, areas of suitable habitat and population size are likely to decline, threatening species survivorship. Here, we incorporated multiple measures of environmental change and species‐specific habitat requirements to assess the responses of two closely related primate species to future changes in climate and habitat conversion. Specifically, we tested whether the comparatively wider‐ranging and Endangered François' langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) is better suited to withstand future anthropogenic habitat conversion and climate change than is the more narrowly ranging and critically endangered white‐headed langurs (T. leucocephalus).

Location

China.

Methods

We used species distribution models (SDMs) models and population viability analyses, and calculated dispersal velocity and biotic velocity, to predict the impact of climate and anthropogenic activity on the distribution and survivorship of two closely related primate species.

Results

We found that: (1) by the year 2050, the area of suitable habitat for both primate species is expected to decline by 45% to 47%; (2) the population size of François' langurs is expected to increase to 4000 individuals (129%) and the population size of white‐headed langurs is expected to increase to 1400 individuals (133%); (3) biotic velocity, defined as the minimum migration rate required by a species to track its preferred climatic conditions, was 2.84 and 1.48 km/year for François' langurs and white‐headed langurs, respectively; and (4) dispersal velocity, defined as the distance a species has spread over a given period, was 0.82 km/year for both langur species.

Main Conclusions

We demonstrate that despite expected population growth, by the year 2050, habitat contraction and insufficient opportunities for dispersal will likely prevent both primate species from tracking and adjusting to changing climate conditions. Moreover, the more widely ranging species, T. francoisi, was not found to have a survival advantage over the more narrowly ranging species (T. leucocephalus) under future conditions of climate change and continued anthropogenic habitat conversion, resulting in a high risk of extinction for both langur species. The modelling approach used here is robust and can be successfully applied to other threatened animal taxa.
A register‐based study describing time trends in risk factor control and serious hypoglycaemia together with the effects of starting continuous glucose monitoring in people with type 1 diabetes in Norway
Authors: Sølvik Una Ørvim , Cooper John Graham , Løvaas Karianne Fjeld , Ernes Tony , Madsen Tone Vonheim , Sandberg Sverre , Ueland Grethe Åstrøm
Published: April 2024

Aims

To describe trends in risk factor control and serious hypoglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes and to assess the effect of starting continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the real‐world setting.

Methods

Two cross‐sectional surveys including 5746 individuals in 2012 and 18,984 individuals in 2020 based on data recorded in the Norwegian Diabetes Register for Adults (NDR‐A) and an analysis of a longitudinal cohort of 2057 individuals where data on CGM and HbA1c were available in the NDR‐A in 2012 and 2020.

Results

In the cross‐sectional surveys mean HbA1c decreased from 66 mmol/mol (99% CI 65, 66) (8.2%) in 2012 to 61 mmol/mol (99% CI 61, 61) (7.7%) in 2020 (p < 0.0001). The proportion reporting serious hypoglycaemia decreased from 16.9 to 6.2% in 2020 (p < 0.0001). Mean LDL‐cholesterol decreased from 2.80 (99% CI 2.78, 2.83) to 2.63 (99% CI 2.61, 2.65) mmol/l in 2020 (p < 0.0001). Mean blood pressure increased slightly. In the CGM cohort, we found a 3 mmol/mol (0.3%) greater improvement in mean HbA1c and a greater reduction in serious hypoglycaemia (−12.3% vs. −6.2%) among individuals that had started using CGM between 2013 and 2020 when compared with individuals that had not started using CGM.

Conclusions

Between 2012 and 2020, we found marked improvements in glycaemic control and a considerable decrease in the proportion of individuals reporting serious hypoglycaemia. The proportion of individuals using CGM increased substantially and individuals that had started using CGM by 2020 showed greater improvement in glycaemic control and less serious hypoglycaemia.
LINC02605 involved in paediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia complicated with diarrhoea via miR‐539‐5p/CXCL1 axis
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wu Zeming
Published: April 2024

Background

To investigate the involvement of LINC02605 in the progression of paediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).

Methods

One hundred and thirty‐two children with MPP (90 simple MPP and 42 MPP + diarrhoea) were enrolled, and their plasma was collected for detection of LINC026505 expression. CCK‐8 kit and commercial apoptosis kit were introduced to determine cell growth and apoptosis. In silico prediction analyses were conducted to predict the downstream miRNA for LINC02605, following verification by dual luciferase reporter assay. The lipid‐associated membrane proteins (LAMPs) were used to treat A549 and Coca‐2 cells.

Results

LIN02605 was highly expressed in the MPP, especially in MPP complicated with diarrhoea. LINC02605 downregulation in A549 cells correlated with significant suppression of cell apoptosis rate and growth inhibition rate in vitro. Introduction of miR‐539‐5p inhibited luciferase activity in a reporter system containing the wild‐type LINC02605 and CXCL1. After stimulation with LAMPs, overexpression of LINC02605 and CXCL1 and inhibition of miR‐539‐5p were found. miR‐539‐5p and CXCL1 knockdown resulted in a rescue effect on the LINC02605‐inhibited cell apoptosis. LAMPs induced IL‐1β in intestinal epithelial cells and IL‐1β induced LINC02605 expression in A549 cells.

Conclusions

LINC02605 was upregulated in MPP and miR‐539‐5p was a target for LINC02605. LINC02605 may be involved in the crosstalk between the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory tract.
Foliage and ground spiders respond differently to a semi‐natural habitat‐vineyard gradient
Authors: Pompozzi G. , Copperi S. , Fernández Campón F. , Lagos Silnik S. , Alzugaray B. , Albrecht E. , Roig‐Juñent S.
Published: April 2024

Natural vegetation in and around crops effectively increases predators. Semi‐natural habitats (SNHs; non‐crop vegetation) surrounding crops provide refuge and resources. However, the function of SNHs may depend on several factors, and the response of natural predators may vary among crops and regions. Here, we examined the spider community in a SNH and at an adjacent vineyard in a semi‐arid region of Argentina. We collected spiders in a gradient from an adjacent SNH, towards the vineyard at three distances from the SNH using two techniques: beating and pit‐fall traps. We collected spiders in December and February during two consecutive years at two strata: in vegetation and on the ground. In vegetation, spider abundance significantly decreased from SNH towards the interior of the vineyard at 80 m. On the ground, spider abundance was also significantly higher in SNH. However, after decreasing at the 5 and 20 m sites inside the vineyard, the abundance increased at 80 m. For foliage spiders, species richness followed the same pattern as abundance, whereas ground spider richness significantly increased from SNH to the interior of the vineyard. Species composition also showed different tendencies between foliage and ground spiders. The foliage spider community differed between SNH vs. all the vineyard sites. Contrarily, at the ground stratum, SNH was similar in composition to the edge of the vineyard, and they both differed from the other vineyard sites. We found that the adjacent SNH influenced the spider community in the vineyard and that this effect depended on the distance from that habitat and the association of the community to various strata. These results highlight the importance of studying the whole community of spiders when aiming to increase predator abundance to enhance biological control in this kind of crop. In addition, we found species that may act as indicators of native vegetation which has important implications for the management of natural habitats in this region.
Changing from disease‐centred to person‐centred – Swedish dental hygienists' views on a theory‐based behavioural intervention for improved oral hygiene among adolescents
Authors: Dimenäs Sandra L. , Jönsson Birgitta , Lundin Mona , Lundgren Jesper , Abrahamsson Kajsa H.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To explore dental hygienists' (DHs') views on (i) a person‐centred, theory‐based, behavioural intervention for improving oral hygiene among adolescents and (ii) professional and organizational factors to consider in the implementation of such an intervention in daily dental practice.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 DHs who had applied the person‐centred, theory‐based, behavioural intervention directed at adolescents with poor oral hygiene in a field study within the Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden. The interviews were audio‐taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

The main theme ‘From individual experts to partners – DHs changing direction from a disease‐centred towards a person‐centred approach’ illustrated a changed professional approach among DHs, from exerting their roles as experts to encouraging partnership in treatment by supporting the adolescents in taking health behavioural decisions and responsibility for their oral health. The DHs considered the changed approach as challenging, but also more enjoyable, compared to conventional information/instruction. Adequate knowledge and skills, personal interest and willingness for a change as well as support from colleagues and clinic management were identified as prerequisites for implementing the person‐centred, theory‐based, behavioural intervention in daily practice, while the expenditure of time needed in relation to economic demands in care were seen as barriers.

Conclusions

The findings elucidate that DHs considered the application of a person‐centred, theory‐based, behavioural intervention to be challenging but also enjoyable. For such an intervention to be implemented in daily practice, prerequisites and barriers need to be considered on both personal/professional and organizational levels.
Erythritol powder airflow for the treatment of peri‐implant mucositis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Corbella Stefano , Radaelli Katherine , Alberti Alice , Francetti Luca , Taschieri Silvio
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Peri‐implant mucositis is a biofilm‐related, reversible inflammatory disease that can evolve into peri‐implantitis if not adequately treated. The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of air‐abrasive powder as compared to chlorhexidine (CHX) for the treatment of peri‐implant mucositis, in terms of clinical and patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) and occurrence of peri‐implantitis 12 months after treatment.

Methods

In the control group, full‐mouth calculus and plaque removal was performed with ultrasound and manual devices, and a 1.0% CHX gel was applied; in the test group, supra‐ and subgingival biofilm removal was performed using erythritol powder with a dedicated nozzle and calculus removal was performed with ultrasonic instruments if needed. Bleeding and plaque indexes, peri‐implant probing depth and tissue level were measured at 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment, while PROMs were evaluated up to 7 days after treatment.

Results

Among 80 included implants, 70 were analysed at 12 months follow‐up (30 in the test group, 40 in the control group, and 20 subjects). Success rates (implant‐level) in terms of bleeding index were significantly different between the test (96.7%) and control group (92.5%); as for PROMs, only taste sensation was significantly better in the test group. The test group was significantly correlated to the smallest changes in peri‐implant probing depth between baseline and 3 months.

Conclusions

The study showed that both treatment strategies are effective. This suggests that the use of air‐abrasive powders could be used as an alternative biofilm removal method instead of adjunctive treatments with antiseptics.
Consumer responses toward smart technology: A systematic review, synthesis, and future research agenda
Authors: Sağkaya Güngör Ayşegül , Ozansoy Çadırcı Tuğçe , Köse Şirin Gizem , Özer Çizer Ece
Published: April 2024

This article is a comprehensive review of the literature on smart technology in consumer studies from 1996 to 2023. While the paper provides information about the development of the field by identifying important publications and authors, it employs topic modeling to pinpoint key topics in papers published in marketing and business journals. These topics are then grouped into three research streams and evaluated concerning theoretical, contextual, and methodological perspectives. While doing so, specific gaps were identified. By revealing gaps in the literature, the study suggests promising avenues for further research. Finally, this article advances our comprehension of the smart technology literature in marketing and business journals and informs future inquiry in this rapidly evolving domain.
Preceptor's experience in supervising undergraduate nursing students in mental health: A qualitative study
Authors: Benny Jessy , Porter Joanne E. , Joseph Bindu
Published: April 2024

Preceptorship is considered an essential component in undergraduate nursing student's clinical placement, especially those in speciality units such as mental health. During the preceptorship relationship students are granted the opportunity to work alongside experienced nurses in the ward observing their interactions with patients and other professionals. In addition, students are able to build clinical confidence and competence. There is currently a gap in the literature around the preceptorship experience in the mental health clinical environment which warrants further exploration. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of Registered Nurses precepting undergraduate nursing students during mental health clinical placements. A qualitative, exploratory approach was performed. A total of eight registered nurses working in an acute in‐patient mental health unit in a large regional hospital, were recruited and interviewed using a semi‐structured interview technique. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data resulting in the development of four overarching themes; (1) Time consuming and additional workload, (2) creating a safe environment, (3) providing and receiving feedback and (4) precepting is not a choice, it is an expectation. The results highlighted that preceptoring students was considered to be an extra workload that required significant time and effort. Preceptors also expressed concerns about student safety, emphasised the importance of feedback and acknowledged preceptorship as an expectation of registered nurses working in mental health. These findings underscore the necessity for further research to delve deeper into the experience of preceptors in mental health settings.
Cartilage stem/progenitor cells‐derived exosomes facilitate knee cartilage repair in a subacute osteoarthritis rat model
Authors: Chen Jing , Ni Xiaohui , Yang Jian , Yang Hongwei , Liu Xiaoyu , Chen Minhao , Sun Cheng , Wang Youhua
Published: April 2024

Cartilage defects in the knee are often associated with the progression of degenerative osteoarthritis (OA), and cartilage repair is a useful strategy for managing this disease. However, cartilage repair is challenging because of the unique environment within the tissue. Recently, stem cell‐based therapies have shed new light on this issue. In this study, we prepared exosomes (EXOs) from cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) and found that treatment with EXOs increased the viability, migration, and proliferation of cultured primary chondrocytes. In a subacute OA rat model, the application of EXOs facilitated cartilage regeneration as evidenced by histological staining. Exosomal protein analysis together with bioinformatics suggested that cyclin‐dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a key factor for chondrocyte growth and migration. Functional studies confirmed this prediction, that is, inhibiting CDK9 reduced the beneficial effects induced by EXOs in primary chondrocytes; while overexpression of CDK9 recapitulated the EXOs‐induced phenotypes. RNA‐Seq data showed that a set of genes involved in cell growth and migration were up‐regulated by EXOs in chondrocytes. These changes could be partially reproduced by CDK9 overexpression. Overall, our data suggest that EXOs derived from primary CSPCs hold great therapeutic potential for treating cartilage defect‐associated disorders such as degenerative OA, and that CDK9 is a key factor in this process.
Probing the salivary proteome for prognostic biomarkers in response to non‐surgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Silbereisen Angelika , Bao Kai , Wolski Witold , Nanni Paolo , Kunz Laura , Afacan Beral , Emingil Gülnur , Bostanci Nagihan
Published: April 2024

Aim

This prospective study investigated the salivary proteome before and after periodontal therapy.

Materials and Methods

Ten systemically healthy, non‐smoking, stage III, grade C periodontitis patients underwent non‐surgical periodontal treatment. Full‐mouth periodontal parameters were measured, and saliva (n = 30) collected pre‐ (T0), and one (T1) and six (T6) months post‐treatment. The proteome was investigated by label‐free quantitative proteomics. Protein expression changes were modelled over time, with significant protein regulation considered at false discovery rate <0.05.

Results

Treatment significantly reduced bleeding scores, percentages of sites with pocket depth ≥5 mm, plaque and gingival indexes. One thousand seven hundred and thirteen proteins were identified and 838 proteins (human = 757, bacterial = 81) quantified (≥2 peptides). At T1, 80 (T1 vs. T0: 60↑:20↓), and at T6, 118 human proteins (T6 vs. T0: 67↑:51↓) were regulated. The salivary proteome at T6 versus T1 remained stable. Highest protein activity post‐ versus pre‐treatment was observed for cellular movement and inflammatory response. The small proline‐rich protein 3 (T1 vs. T0: 5.4‐fold↑) and lymphocyte‐specific protein 1 (T6 vs. T0: 4.6‐fold↓) were the top regulated human proteins. Proteins from Neisseria mucosa and Treponema socranskii (T1 vs. T0: 8.0‐fold↓, 4.9‐fold↓) were down‐regulated.

Conclusions

Periodontal treatment reduced clinical disease parameters and these changes were reflected in the salivary proteome. This underscores the potential of utilizing saliva biomarkers as prognostic tools for monitoring treatment outcomes.
Comorbidities, mortality and metabolic profile in individuals with primary biliary cholangitis—A Phenome‐Wide‐Association‐Study
Authors: Koop Paul‐Henry , Schwenzer Constanze , Clusmann Jan , Vell Mara S. , Jaeger Julius , Gui Wenfang , Trautwein Christian , Koch Alexander , Bruns Tony , Schneider Carolin V. , Schneider Kai Markus
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic, immune‐mediated liver disease that can lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis. In this cohort study, we aimed to investigate morbidity and mortality in conjunction with metabolomic changes of PBC in a UK population‐based cohort.

Methods

454 participants with PBC and 908 propensity score (age, sex, BMI, ethnicity) matched controls without liver disease were included in the study. A subset of participants with PBC and controls were analysed for their metabolomic profile. Further, PBC‐associated comorbidities were investigated by PheWAS analysis. Lastly, we assessed causes of death in individuals with PBC using a Fine and Grey competing‐risks regression model.

Results

Compared to the control group, various pathways associated with the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and liver biochemistry were significantly enriched in individuals with PBC. We found reduced levels of S‐HDL‐cholesterol and Glycoprotein Acetyls in individuals with PBC as well as an association with diseases of the circulatory system. Notably, PBC individuals had a higher prevalence of digestive diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, anaemias, mental disorders, and urinary tract infections compared to the control group. Strikingly, the overall mortality was almost three times higher in the PBC group compared to the control group, with diseases of the digestive system accounting for a significant elevation of the death rate. A subsequent analysis, enhanced by propensity score matching that included the APRI score, demonstrated that the observed morbidity could not be exclusively attributed to advanced hepatic disease.

Conclusions

Our study provides a detailed perspective on the morbidity of individuals with PBC. The exploration of potential effects of disease state on morbidity suggest that early detection and early treatment of PBC could enhance patient prognosis and prevent the onset of comorbid diseases. Finally, the metabolomic alterations could represent a link between the pathophysiological processes underlying PBC development, progression, and associated morbidity.
Multistage charging facility planning on the expressway coordinated with the power structure transformation
Authors: Zhang Tian‐yu , Yao En‐jian , Yang Yang , Yang Hong‐Ming , Guo Dong‐bo , Wang David Z. W.
Published: April 2024

This study presents a novel multistage expressway fast charging station (EFCS) planning problem coordinated with the dynamic regional power structure (PS) transformation. Under the prerequisite of the EFCS network's sustainable operation, network accessibility, and orderly construction, a three‐step planning method oriented to the enhancement of energy saving and emission reduction (ESER) benefits and rationalization of facility utilization is developed: (i) EV‐expanded network, (ii) multiagent‐based dynamic traffic assignment (MA‐DTA), and (iii) deployment refinement. Embedding the MA‐DTA and customized refinement strategy into the iterative planning structure enables the integration of operations and planning of the EFCS network. A numerical experiment and an empirical study in the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration are conducted. It demonstrates that the method can find a high‐quality solution within acceptable computation time and is applicable to realistic large‐scale EFCS planning. The planning method can effectively play the role of economy and facility in inducing EV users' charging demands, thus enhancing the overall ESER benefits. The integration of operation and planning is proven effective in reasonably matching the supply and demand of facility service and charging loads in a full‐time period. Further, the multistage EFCS planning schemes during 2025–2045 are explored, and some insightful policy implications are revealed.
Safety of catheter ablation in patients with recently implanted cardiac implantable electronic device: A 5‐year experience
Authors: Toquica Christian , Jazayeri Mohammad‐Ali , Noheria Amit , Berenbom Loren , Emert Martin , Pimentel Rhea , Dendi Raghu , Reddy Y. Madhu , Sheldon Seth H.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Catheter ablation (CA) can interfere with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) function. The safety of CA in the 1st year after CIED implantation/lead revision is uncertain.

Methods

This single center, retrospective cohort included patients who underwent CA between 2012 and 2017 and had a CIED implant/lead revision within the preceding year. We assessed the frequency of device/lead malfunctions in this population.

Results

We identified 1810 CAs in patients between 2012 and 2017, with 170 CAs in 163 patients within a year of a CIED implant/lead revision. Mean age 68 ± 12 years (68% men). Time between the CIED procedure and CA was 158 ± 99 days. The CA procedures included AF ablation (n = 57, 34%), AV node ablation (n = 40, 24%), SVT ablation (n = 37, 22%), and PVC/VT ablations (n = 36, 21%). The cumulative frequency of lead dislodgement, significant CIED dysfunction, and/or CIED‐related infection following CA was (n = 1/170, 0.6%). There was a single atrial lead dislodgement (0.6%). There were no instances of power‐on‐reset or CIED‐related infection. Following CA, there was no significant difference in RA or RV lead sensing (p = 0.52 and 0.84 respectively) or thresholds (p = 0.94 and 0.17 respectively). The RA impedance slightly decreased post‐CA from 474 ± 80 Ohms to 460 ± 73 Ohms (p = 0.002), as did the RV impedance (from 515 ± 111 Ohms to 497 ± 98 Ohms, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

CA can be performed within 1 year following CIED implantation/lead revision with a low risk of CIED/lead malfunction or lead dislodgement. The ideal time to perform CA after a CIED remains uncertain.
Mno‐miR164a and MnNAC100 regulate the resistance of mulberry to Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Wang Donghao , Chen Lin , Liu Chaorui , Wang Hairui , Liu Zixuan , Ji Xianling , He Ningjia , Xin Youchao
Published: April 2024

Although microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the defense response of a variety of plant species against a variety of pathogenic fungi, the involvement of miRNAs in mulberry's defense against Botrytis cinerea has not yet been documented. In this study, we identified responsive B. cinerea miRNA mno‐miR164a in mulberry trees. After infection with B. cinerea, the expression of mno‐miR164a was reduced, which was fully correlated with the upregulation of its target gene, MnNAC100, responsible for encoding a transcription factor. By using transient infiltration/VIGS mulberry that overexpressed mno‐miR164a or knocked‐down MnNAC100, our study revealed a substantial enhancement in mulberry's resistance to B. cinerea when mno‐miR164a was overexpressed or MnNAC100 expression was suppressed. This enhancement was accompanied by increased catalase (CAT) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In addition, mno‐miR164a‐mediated inhibition of MnNAC100 enhanced the expression of a cluster of defense‐related genes in transgenic plants upon exposure to B. cinerea. Meanwhile, MnNAC100 acts as a transcriptional repressor, directly suppressing the expression of MnPDF1.2. Our study indicated that the mno‐miR164a‐MnNAC100 regulatory module manipulates the defense response of mulberry to B. cinerea infection. This discovery has great potential in breeding of resistant varieties and disease control.
The European Pillar of Social Rights: How strategic agency shaped the European Union's flagship social initiative
Authors: Dura Sophie
Published: April 2024

The European Pillar of Social Rights sits at the fulcrum of EU social policymaking. This article aims to explore its legal and political character, how it was shaped in the adoption process and its place within Social Europe. The key argument is that the Social Pillar builds on but also critically modifies previous initiatives present within the broader EU governance framework, notably in the European Semester. Key political actors like Commission President Jean‐Claude Juncker and parliamentary rapporteur Maria João Rodrigues contributed to the adoption process not only through their long‐held political views but also by bringing to bear their own critical reflections on previous EU initiatives. Methodologically, the article relies on 15 interviews with policy experts and uses an interdisciplinary approach based on legal analysis, process tracing and actor‐centred constructivist theory. The contribution of the article is threefold: (1) it helps to better understand the EU's social flagship initiative and the modifications of its governance approach compared with previous initiatives, (2) it sheds new light on the tensions and opportunities of social policymaking within the EU and (3) it shows the added value of actor‐centred constructivist approaches on a theoretical level.
Q negatively regulates wheat salt tolerance through directly repressing the expression of TaSOS1 and reactive oxygen species scavenging genes
Authors: Yang Ziyi , Yang Ruizhen , Bai Wanqing , Chen Wenxi , Kong Xiuying , Zhou Yun , Qiao Weihua , Zhang Yunwei , Sun Jiaqiang
Published: April 2024

The Q transcription factor plays important roles in improving multiple wheat domestication traits such as spike architecture, threshability and rachis fragility. However, whether and how it regulates abiotic stress adaptation remain unclear. We found that the transcriptional expression of Q can be induced by NaCl and abscisic acid treatments. Using the q mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and Q overexpression transgenic lines, we showed that the domesticated Q gene causes a penalty in wheat salt tolerance. Then, we demonstrated that Q directly represses the transcription of TaSOS1‐3B and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes to regulate Na+ and ROS homeostasis in wheat. Furthermore, we showed that wheat salt tolerance protein TaWD40 interacts with Q to competitively interfere with the interaction between Q and the transcriptional co‐repressor TaTPL. Taken together, our findings reveal that Q directly represses the expression of TaSOS1 and some ROS scavenging genes, thus causing a harmful effect on wheat salt tolerance.
Impact of restrictive platelet transfusion strategies on transfusion rates: A cohort study in very preterm infants
Authors: Heeger L. E. , Houben N. A. M. , Caram‐Deelder C. , Fustolo‐Gunnink S. F. , van der Bom J. G. , Lopriore E.
Published: April 2024

Background

Evidence supports a restrictive platelet transfusion threshold in preterm neonates. We aimed to describe the effect of implementing this threshold on transfusion rates.

Study Design and Methods

This retrospective observational cohort study included all very preterm infants (born <32 weeks' gestation) admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit between 2004 and 2022, divided into three epochs. Platelet transfusion thresholds changed from 30 × 109/L for stable neonates and 50 × 109/L for unstable neonates (January 2004 to December 2009) to 20 × 109/L for stable neonates and 50 × 109/L for unstable neonates (January 2010 to June 2019) to 25 × 109/L for non‐bleeding neonates and 50 × 109/L for neonates with major bleeding (July 2019 to July 2022). The primary outcome was the percentage of transfused neonates in each epoch. Secondary outcomes included the median number of transfusions per neonate, the percentage of transfusions given above 25 or 50 × 109/L, and major bleeding and mortality rates.

Results

The percentage of neonates transfused was 12.2% (115/939), 5.8% (96/1660), and 4.8% (25/525) in Epoch I, II, and III, respectively (p < .001), a relative reduction of 61%. The median number of transfusions per transfused neonate was 2.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.0–3.0) in Epoch I, and 1.0 (IQR: 1.0–2.0) in subsequent Epochs (p = .04). The percentage of infants receiving at least one transfusion above 50 × 109/L in Epoch I, II, and III was 51.3% (59/115), 17.7% (17/96), and 20.0% (5/25; p < .001). Mortality and bleeding rates did not significantly differ between epochs.

Discussion

Implementation of restrictive platelet guidelines led to reduction of the rate and number of platelet transfusions.
Neighborhood ethnic density and disparities in proximal blood donation opportunities
Authors: Ruiz John M. , Hughes Shana D. , Flores Melissa , Custer Brian , Ingram Maia , Carvajal Scott , Rosales Cecilia , Kamel Hany , Vassallo Ralph , France Christopher R.
Published: April 2024

Background

Despite being the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the United States, Hispanic/Latinos (H/L) are significantly underrepresented among blood donors. A lack of proximal blood donation opportunities may be one factor contributing to these disparities. However, few studies have investigated this possibility.

Study Design and Methods

Proprietary data on mobile blood collections in Maricopa County, Arizona, were gathered for the period of January 01, 2022 to April 30, 2022 and paired with census tract information using ArcGIS. Maricopa County encompasses the city of Phoenix with a total population of approximately 4.5 million people, including 1.5 million H/L residents. Blood drive count was regressed on H/L ethnic density and total population, and model estimates were exponentiated to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

During the specified period, approximately 27,000 red blood cell units were collected through mobile drives. Consistent with expectations, when controlling for total neighborhood population, each 10% increase in H/L ethnic density lowered the odds of having a blood drive in the corresponding neighborhood by 12% (OR = 0.88, 95% CI (0.83, 0.92), p < .001).

Discussion

These findings provide initial evidence of fewer proximal donation opportunities in areas with greater H/L population density which may contribute to H/L underrepresentation in blood donation and the need for more inclusive collection efforts. Improved access to blood collection is modifiable and could help to increase the overall blood supply, enhance the ability to successfully match specific blood antigen needs of an increasingly diverse population, and bring about a more resilient blood system.
The influence of hematological profiles on the transfusion management and mortality risk of mothers presenting to the obstetric unit of a South African tertiary medical facility
Authors: Linström Michael , Musekwa Ernest , Nell Erica‐Mari , de Waard Liesl , Chapanduka Zivanai
Published: April 2024

Background

Laboratory results are frequently abnormal in pregnant mothers. Abnormalities usually relate to pregnancy or associated complications. Hematological abnormalities and age in pregnancy may increase the likelihood for transfusion and mortality.

Study Design and Methods

Hematological profiles and transfusion history of pregnant mothers presenting to a tertiary hospital, were evaluated over 2 years. Age, anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia were assessed for transfusion likelihood. Iron deficiency and coagulation were assessed in transfused patients. Anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and transfusion were assessed for mortality likelihood.

Results

There were 12,889 pregnant mothers included. Mothers <19‐years‐old had the highest prevalence of anemia (31.5%) and proportion of transfusions (19%). The transfusion likelihood was increased in mothers with anemia (odds ratios [OR] = 6.41; confidence intervals at 95% [95% CI] 5.46–7.71), leukocytosis (OR = 2.35; 95% CI 2.00–2.76) or thrombocytopenia (OR = 2.71; 95% CI 2.21–3.33). Mothers with prolonged prothrombin times received twice as many blood products as their normal counterparts (p = .03) and those with iron deficiency anemia five times more blood products (p < .001). Increased likelihood for mortality was seen in patients with anemia (OR = 4.15, 95% CI 2.03–8.49), leukocytosis (OR = 2.68; 95% CI 1.19–6.04) and those receiving blood transfusion (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.75–7.47).

Discussion

Adolescence, anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia expose mothers to a high risk for transfusion and/or mortality. These risk factors should promptly trigger management and referral of patients. Presenting hematological profiles are strong predictors of maternal outcome and transfusion risk.
Changes in transfusion‐transmissible infection prevalence and demographics among US blood donors during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Conti Galen , Notari Edward P. , Dodd Roger Y. , Kessler Debra , Custer Brian , Bruhn Roberta , Reik Rita , Yang Hong , Whitaker Barbee I , Stramer Susan L. ,   for the U.S. Transfusion‐Transmissible Infections Monitoring System (TTIMS)
Published: April 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted the US blood supply. We compared blood donor demography and infectious disease prevalence before and during the pandemic using a large multicenter database.

Methods

Data were categorized as “Before COVID‐19” (March 2018–February 2020) or “During COVID‐19” (March 2020–February 2022). Donor demographics, donation frequency, and infectious marker prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV were compared for the two time periods. The odds of a donor testing positive for these infections among the two time periods were calculated using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Our study assessed a total of 26,672,213 donations including 13,430,380 before and 13,241,833 during COVID‐19. There were significantly more donations from donors who were female, aged 40 and older, white, and repeat, during COVID‐19. Donation frequency comparison quantified the increase in donations from donors who were white, female, older, and repeat during the pandemic. The prevalence of HIV and HCV decreased significantly during COVID‐19 compared to before, but not for HBV. For HIV, the adjusted odds of infection during the pandemic did not differ but for HBV, the odds were significantly more likely during the pandemic and were significantly lower for HCV.

Discussion

Demographics and infectious disease marker prevalence changed during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States. Prevalence of each infection in the donor population will continue to be monitored to determine if changes were specific to the pandemic period.
Hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers
Authors: Hess John R.
Published: April 2024

See article on page 1161–1166, in this issue
Multimodal imaging device to comprehensively assess infection, oxygenation, and wound analytics—A pilot study
Authors: Kesavan Rajesh , Sasikumar Changam Sheela
Published: April 2024

Wound analytics, infection detection, and oxygenation measurement are the three critical prerequisites for appropriate wound care. Although devices that rapidly detect the above‐mentioned parameters independently exist, there is no single point‐of‐care device that is enabled with all the three functionalities. Through this study, we are introducing and evaluating the performance of Illuminate Pro Max—a novel, rapid, hand‐held non‐contact, point‐of‐care multimodal imaging device that is equipped to measure the three wound assessment parameters. Here, a total of 60 diabetic foot ulcer patients were imaged using Illuminate Pro Max to detect bioburden and measure StO2 levels and wound dimensions (size and depth). The results were further evaluated against the current gold standard technique for each parameter, that is, culture test to detect bioburden, a transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) measuring device—Perimed Periflux 5000 to measure oxygenation, and paper ruler to measure wound size. Culture tests reported 42 samples as infection‐positive and 18 samples as infection‐negative. On comparing with the culture report, the device showed 88% sensitivity and 86% PPV in detecting the bioburden. Wound dimensions (length and width) were comparable with the paper scale measurements. Wound depth was also reported by the device. The StO2 map generated by the device depicted the tissue oxygenation levels in various regions of the wound. In conclusion, this novel, comprehensive point‐of‐care multispectral imaging device can be an effective tool for rapid wound assessment which can help in prompt treatment.
The oldest evidence of symbiosis between mites and fungi with description of a new genus and species of Trochometridiidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from Cretaceous amber

Authors: Khaustov Alexander A. , Vorontsov Dmitry D. , Lindquist Evert E.
Published: April 2024

The female of a new fossil genus and species, Rhombometridium pankowskiorum gen. and sp. nov. (Acari: Trochometridiidae), is described from Cretaceous Kachin amber. The new genus is characterized by the presence of well-developed sporothecae anteriad legs III, each sporotheca containing several ovoid fungal spores. This is the oldest (ca. 100 Mya), evidence of symbiosis between mites and fungi and the first fossil record of the mite family Trochometridiidae. The new genus shares synapomorphies with the family Trochometridiidae (presence of sporothecae between bases of legs III and IV) and Caraboacaridae (rhombic body shape, absence of setae v2, absence of palpal solenidion, palps fused with distinctly widened gnathosomal capsule), and potentially represents a transitional form or a missing link between these two closely related families. We also compare the sporothecae of R. pankowskiorum with those of other heterostigmatic mites.
Linear sweeps and the characterisation of linearly time-varying acoustical systems
Authors: Hussain Hammad , Dutilleux Guillaume
Published: April 2024

Sine sweeps are widely used as test signals in the experimental characterisation of linear and non-linear acoustical systems' responses. One of the reasons for their popularity is that their immunity against time variance is assumed to be superior to that of other types of test signals. This paper explores and quantifies the consequences of linear time variance on the characterisation of acoustical systems with linear sweeps. The first result is a novel compact closed-form expression for the spectrum of a linear sweep. Second, a similar expression for the frequency response of a linearly time-varying delay to a linear sweep is derived. Additionally, this work demonstrates the application of these expressions through a numerical investigation into the frequency response of a time-invariant bandpass filter when the measurement chain exhibits linear time variance and the attenuation between a ground-borne point source and a receiver in front of a façade under the assumption of a homogeneous atmosphere subject to realistic temperature changes.
Muscle Torque–Velocity Relationships and Fatigue With Reduced Knee Joint Range of Motion in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Smith Zoe H. , Martin R. Anthony , Casto Erica , Bigelow Carol , Busa Michael A. , Kent Jane A.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of knee joint range of motion (RoM) on the torque–velocity relationship and fatigue in the knee extensor muscles of 7 young (median = 26 y) and 7 older (68 y) adults. Each leg was assigned a RoM (35° or 75°) over which to perform a torque–velocity protocol (maximal isokinetic contractions, 60–300°·s−1) and a fatigue protocol (120 maximal contractions at 120°·s−1, 0.5 Hz). Six older participants were unable to reach 300°·s−1 over 35°. Therefore, the velocity eliciting 75% of peak torque at 60°·s−1 (V75, °·s−1) was calculated for each RoM from a fit of individual torque–velocity curves (60–240°·s−1), and ΔV75 (35°–75°) was determined. Fatigue (final torque/initial torque) was used to calculate Δfatigue (35°–75°). ΔV75 was not different from 0 in young (−28.3°·s−1 [−158.6 to 55.7], median [range], P = .091) or older (−18.5°·s−1 [−95.0 to 23.9], P = .128), with no difference by age (P = .710). In contrast, fatigue was greater for 75° in young (Δfatigue = 25.9% [17.5–30.3], P = .018) and older (17.2% [11.9–52.9], P = .018), with no effect of age (P = .710). These data indicate that, regardless of age, RoM did not alter the torque–velocity relationship between 60 and 240°·s−1, and fatigue was greater with a larger RoM.
Physical Activity at Different Life Stages and Its Consequence on the Initial Immunization and Inflammatory Response Against COVID-19
Authors: Rossi Priscila Almeida Queiroz , Gomes Regis , Nascimento Salazar Teresa Cristina do , Lustosa Barros Esmeralda Maria , Vasconcelos Silvia , da Silva Adalberto Socorro , Pereira Ester Miranda , Melo Vitoria Braga , Fonseca Marcela Helena Gambin , Teixeira Clarissa Romero , Furtado Gilvan Pessoa , Pontes Larissa Queiroz , Khouri Ricardo , Vasconcelos Beatriz , Almeida Sandro Soares de , Werneck Guilherme Loureiro , Rossi Fabrício Eduardo , Santos Marcos Antonio Pereira dos
Published: April 2024

Background: To evaluate the influence of previous physical activity (PA) during childhood, adolescence, and current PA practice on the production of antibodies and inflammatory response between the first and second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: Fifty-nine men and 56 women were evaluated before the first vaccine, and 12 weeks later, blood samples were taken to quantify production of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies and cytokines. Previous PA during childhood and adolescence was self-referred, and current PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: A positive and significant association was observed only between PA practice during adolescence and an increase in antibody production in adulthood (β = 2012.077, 95% confidence interval, 257.7953–3766.358, P = .025). Individuals who practiced PA during adolescence showed higher production of antibodies between the first and second vaccine dose compared to nonpractitioners (P = .025) and those that accumulated ≥150 minutes per week of current moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA), and presented higher antibody production in relation to who did <150 minutes per week of MVPA (P = .046). Individuals that were practitioners during childhood produced higher G-CSF (P = .047), and those that accumulated ≥150 minutes per week of current MVPA demonstrated lower IP-10 levels (P = .033). However, PA practitioners during adolescence presented higher G-CSF (P = .025), IL-17 (P = .038), IL-1RA (P = .005), IL-1β (P = .020), and IL-2 (P = .026) levels. Conclusion: Our results suggest that adults that accumulated at least 150 minutes of MVPA per week or practiced PA during adolescence developed an improved immune and inflammatory response against COVID-19 vaccination.
Predicting Accelerometer-Assessed Estimates of Adolescents’ Multidimensional Physical Activity: A Self-Determination Theory Approach
Authors: Emm-Collison Lydia G. , Standage Martyn , Gillison Fiona B. , Curran Thomas
Published: April 2024

Based on the tenets in self-determination theory, a dual-process model of motivational processes was tested to predict accelerometer-assessed estimates of adolescents’ light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary time. Here, we hypothesized that (a) perceptions of psychological need support for exercise would be positively associated with LPA and MVPA and negatively associated with sedentary time via exercise-related psychological need satisfaction and autonomous exercise motivation and (b) perceptions of psychological need thwarting for exercise would be negatively associated with LPA and MVPA and positively associated with sedentary time via exercise-related psychological need frustration and controlled exercise motivation. Adolescents (N = 338; 234 female) age 11–15 years (M = 12.75, SD = .90) wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for 8 days and completed questionnaires pertaining to the self-determination-theory variables. Results showed psychological need support to indirectly and positively predict LPA and MVPA via psychological need satisfaction and autonomous exercise motivation. Although directly predictive of need frustration and indirectly predictive of controlled motivation and amotivation, the hypothesized effects from psychological need thwarting to the behavioral outcomes were nonsignificant. The current findings highlight the important role that need-supportive environments play in facilitating autonomous exercise motivation and behavior by being conducive to exercise-related psychological need satisfaction.
How DNA encodes the start of transcription
Authors: Wang Jun , Agarwal Vikram
Published: April 2024

A deep-learning model reveals the rules that define transcription initiation