bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unusual food plants from Oakbank Crannog, Loch Tay, Scottish Highlands: cloudberry, opium poppy and spelt wheat
Authors: Miller Jennifer J. , Dickson James H. , Dixon T. Nicholas
Published: February 2017

Oakbank is one of 18 crannogs in Loch Tay, and the first in Britain to have been excavated underwater. The abundant and well-preserved plant remains indicate a prosperous society with a well-founded arable and pastoral agriculture. Opium poppy and spelt wheat remains imply trade and suggest high status. Cloudberry pips highlight long-range gathering, possibly during transhumance.
Archaeology, archaeologists and ‘Europe’
Authors: Pluciennik Mark
Published: February 2017

With changes in political structures, a pan-European dimension is increasing in importance for many archaeologists, because of cultural policy and funding from the Council of Europe and, especially, the European Union. Although nationalist frameworks are currently more important, archaeologists should keep a critical eye on European developments.
No slow dusk: Maya urban development and decline at La Milpa, Belize
Authors: Hammond Norman , Tourtellot Gair , Donaghey Sara , Clarke Amanda
Published: February 2017

The 1998 excavations at the Maya city of La Milpa have revealed important structures of the ruling élite, including several throne rooms, but also evidence for a sudden cessation of élite activity when the occupation was at its height. Extensive mapping suggests a population of some 46,000 over a short period in the 8th and 9th centuries AD.
A Later Bronze Age shield from South Cadbury, Somerset, England
Authors: Coles J. M. , Leach P. , Minnitt S. C. , Tabor R. , Wilson A. S.
Published: February 2017

A shield of beaten bronze from South Cadbury, Somerset, England is the first shield to be discovered by excavation on an archaeological site. The shield lay in a silt-filled Bronze Age ditch on a spur of land below Cadbury Castle. A stake was thrust through the shield. The paper considers the recovery and conservation of the shield, the technology of metal shields and the evidence for the ritual deposition of shields in the Later Bronze Age of western Europe.
Radiocarbon calibration for the Middle/Upper Palaeolithic: a comment
Authors: van der Plicht J.
Published: February 2017

Recently, ANTIQUITY published a new 14C calibration curve covering the last 45,000 years (van Andel 1998). This reply challenges the curve, suggesting it is too simple, and that there is need for caution in applying new datasets for the purposes of prehistoric and environmental calibration.
Is post-processualism bound to happen everywhere? The French case
Authors: Coudart Anick
Published: February 2017

It may seem surprising that post-processual archaeology has not had any impact in France, given that much of its vocabulary has been borrowed from French intellectuals. The answer is not archaeological. It does not lie in the events of the last 20 years, which have profoundly changed the structure, practices and means of French archaeology. The problem is more fundamental, and derives from the differences of mentality and culture.
Expressions of inequality: settlement patterns, economy and social organization in the southwest Iberian Bronze Age (c.1700-1100 BC)
Authors: Sanjuán Leonardo García
Published: February 2017

Intensive survey in southwestern Spain has encouraged reassessment of Copper and Bronze Age settlement in the region. This paper explores the issues of social ranking and stratification, and incorporates both the different types of landscape and their relative economic productivity in new discussions on social complexity.
Dating Navan Fort
Authors: Mallory J. P. , Brown D. M. , Baillie M. G. L.
Published: February 2017

Excavations in the summer of 1998 have provided a solution to the problem of dating Northern Ireland's premier archaeological site and opened up new areas for speculation.
Tracing Comanche history: Eighteenthcentury rock art depictions of leatherarmoured horses from the Arkansas River basin, south-eastern Colorado, USA
Authors: Mitchell Mark D.
Published: February 2017

Depictions on rock in south-east Colorado show mounted warriors with horses clad in leather armour. This was the military strategy adopted by Comanche and Apache peoples between 1650 and 1750 – after the arrival of the horse and before the availability of firearms.
Comment on dates from a resin-coated sherd from Spirit Cave, Thailand
Authors: White Joyce C.
Published: February 2017

Part of the enormous importance of the Spirit Cave pottery lies in the early date (7500BP) implied by radiocarbon dates from charcoal associated with some of the sherds. This was challenged by Lampert et al. who directly dated one Spirit Cave sherd from its resin to 3000 BP (Antiquity 77: 126–133). But here Joyce White argues that the stratigraphic context and typology of the dated sherd do not provide a valid basis to support a revision of dating for the earliest sherds. A response from Lampert et al. follows.
The Rose Theatre, London: the state of knowledge and what we still need to know
Authors: Greenfield Jon , Gurr Andrew
Published: February 2017

The Rose theatre – the place in Elizabethan London where one could see Shakespeare and Marlowe performed – may have started life as a bear-baiting arena. This is one of the deductions drawn from this new study of the archive from the excavations of 1989. The authors also present a new model for the theatre’s evolution, offer a fresh reconstruction of the building in its heyday and put in a powerful plea for more archaeological investigation on the ground.
How inscriptions and style reflect politics: the bronzes of King Cuo
Authors: Wu Xiaolong
Published: February 2017

The magnificent tomb of King Cuo now published throws a bright light on a kingdom of the Warring States period. Here the author shows how the bronze vessels in the tomb, blessed with dated inscriptions, can chronicle the political fortunes and alliances of King Cuo’s reign.
Measures against the illicit trade in cultural objects: the emerging strategy in Britain
Authors: Gaimster David
Published: February 2017

Until recently the UK was notorious for its illicit market in unlawfully removed art and antiquities from around the globe. Today the UK marketplace is operating in a very different climate. The UK has recently become a state party to the 1970 UNESCO Convention and is now introducing a package of measures designed to strengthen its treaty obligations, central to which is the creation of a new criminal offence of dishonestly dealing in cultural objects unlawfully removed anywhere in the world. These also include the development of effective tools to aid enforcement and due-diligence. Recent events in Iraq have also forced the UK Government to announce its intention to ratify the 1954 Hague Convention.
Vegetation disturbance and human population in Colombia – a regional reconstruction
Authors: Marchant Robert , Behling Hermann , Berrio Juan Carlos , Hooghiemstra Henry , Geel Bas van , van der Hammen Thomas , Herrera Luisa , Melief Bert , van Reenen Guido , Wille Michael
Published: February 2017

Palaeoecologists using pollen to map vegetation since the last ice age have noted numerous changes – which they feel increasingly obliged to blame on humans. These changes, such as deforestation or the dominance of certain plants, may happen suddenly or take place over thousands of years. The authors study the pollen record in Colombia, identify plants diagnostic of cultivation or disturbed ground (“degraded vegetation”) and use them to map human activities by proxy. They show how the people move and the landscape changes between 5000 BP and the present day, from the coast inland, and from the lowlands up into the Andes.
Ancient roads and GPS survey: modelling the Amarna Plain
Authors: Fenwick Helen
Published: February 2017

Remote mapping is painting in the context and filling the gaps of some of the best known archaeological places. Here Helen Fenwick shows what can be done to understand the ‘blank’ part of the great site at Tell el-Amarna using a differential GPS.
Exhibitions: exotica and exigencies
Authors: James N.
Published: February 2017

Two exhibitions, in England and France, are showing different ways to promote interest in archaeology and history from regions afar. Sudan: ancient treasures is a lavish and elegant show at the British Museum, London. In Auch, Le crépuscule des dieux, on the Americas, is imaginative but penurious. The first raises an ethical worry, the second a couple of technical principles.

Sudan displays some 350 exhibits, from an Acheulian handaxe to Medieval inscriptions, all from the Sudan National Museum, celebrating its centenary. Most are clearly arranged in chronological sections, and amplifying the narrative are an effective introduction and sections on goldwork, pottery and burials. The exhibition is completed by photographs of the multinational Meroe Dam Archaeological Salvage Project, which (it is claimed) has enhanced knowledge of the Sudan’s northern Nile. My visit was amidst a steady flow of highly attentive visitors from the world over and an excited but also attentive school party.
Mapping prehistoric statue roads on Easter Island
Authors: Lipo Carl P. , Hunt Terry L.
Published: February 2017

High resolution satellite photographs offer a new picture of the tracks along which the Easter Island giant statues were hauled from the central quarry to the exhibition sites. The survey traced 32 km of seven major roads, confirmed by features on the ground, where their current condition gives reasons for concern. The authors suggest that the radial pattern implies social division into small groups.
Genealogy in the ground: observations of
jar burials of the Yayoi period, northern Kyushu,
Japan
Authors: Mizoguchi Koji
Published: February 2017

The author finds that cemeteries in early
first millennium Japan reflect the associations of
family with land. The burial parties of a core
settlement could be seen to be referring to
earlier burials in a dynastic or genealogical
sequence, while a secondary settlement developed
its burial ground in a disordered sequence. Thus
Koji Mizoguchi shows that the differences between
the haves and have-nots extended their having, or
not having, a history.
Dating the geometric Nasca lines in the
Peruvian desert
Authors: Rink W.J. , Bartoll J.
Published: February 2017

The Nasca lines are geoglyphs – arrays of
stones forming geometric shapes constructed by
ancient humans, the largest ones occupying areas
of more than 1km2. The
authors used optically stimulated luminescence
dating of quartz buried when the stone lines were
constructed to give new dates for contexts
associated with geoglyphs on high mesetas near
Palpa. They conclude that the stone lines at sites
at San Ignacio and Sacramento were constructed
between AD 400 and 650. This suggests that they
were made in the later part of the Early
Intermediate Period by people of the Nasca
culture.
A pragmatic approach to the problem of
portable antiquities: the experience of England
and Wales
Authors: Bland Roger
Published: February 2017

Thousands of artefacts are found every
year by the public the world over, and many are
sold or destroyed. How are we to ensure that these
discoveries can take their place in archaeological
research (Editorial, December 2004)? For some,
legislation, state control and strong penalties
are the best or only option. Here, the
co-ordinator of the English Portable Antiquities
Scheme makes the case for a voluntary code, led by
co-operation, education and reward.
O. G. S. Crawford
Authors: Piggott Stuart
Published: February 2017

In June 1926 my father, a master at the school in Hampshire in which I was an idle and unedifying pupil, received a letter from the Archaeology Officer of the Ordnance Survey in Southampton, asking for details of a new Romano-British site at West Harting, on the downs just across the county boundary in Sussex. Crawford was collecting material for the second edition of the 0s Roman Britain map: my proud discovery of sherds in moleheaps and rabbit-scrapes had found its way into the parish magazine and thence to the Portsmouth Evening News where it had been spotted by OGSC, and so the letter was really for me. Correspondence followed; the next year, in Southampton with my parents en route for a holiday in France, I was able to meet him for the first time. The Generation Gap had not then been invented, and we liked one another from the start, and from then on OGS (as we were all later to call him) took upon himself to be my archaeological godfather.
Mesoamerican civilization and the idea of transcendence
Authors: Willey Gordon R.
Published: February 2017

How do ideas, or ideologies, articulate with other cultural systems? This is a complex question, and archaeologists, in their study of the rise and growth of civilizations, have been hesitant to address it. There are obvious reasons for this hesitancy. Even in those instances where the archaeological record is text-aided it is difficult, and it is still more so where contemporaneous documentary materials are lacking or equivocal, as in Precolumbian America. Then, too, it is my impression that while many archaeologists are willing to grant ideology a role in cultural development they tend to look upon it as causally ‘secondary’. Subsistence, demography, technology, and ecology—perhaps because they are more directly susceptible to archaeological methods and inferences than are idea systems—are more apt to be seen as the seats of ‘prime cause’.
Some Inequalities for a Triangle
Authors: Carlitz L.
Published: February 2017

Let O be an interior point of a triangle ABC. Let x, y, z denote the distances from O to the vertices of ABC and let p, q, r denote the perpendiculars from O to the sides of ABC. The well-known Erdös-Mordell theorem asserts that
Mortgage Loci
Authors: Causon A.
Published: February 2017

The number of years outstanding on a mortgage depends upon the interest and repayment rates. In this note a simple relation between these quantities is developed which is sufficiently accurate provided the mortgage has still several years to run. The results of calculations based on this relation are presented graphically and a few typical uses of such a graph are discussed.
Edinburgh Mathematical Society St Andrews Colloquium
Authors: I. M. H. E.
Published: February 2017

This Colloquium, held at St. Andrews from July 4 to 15, was in every way as successful as its quadrennial predecessors. A hundred and ten persons attended, including about twenty wives and daughters of mathematicians, including also twenty-one professors of mathematics from the universities of Great Britain, Eire, France, Holland, Denmark, and the United States.
Professor L. N. G. Filon, C.B.E., M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. 1875-1937
Authors: G.B.J.
Published: February 2017

The Association will mourn the untimely death of its President, Professor Louis Napoleon George Filon, less than a week before the Annual Meeting to which he had looked forward with such keen anticipation and at which he had hoped to preside and to give his Presidential Address. It is easy for those who knew him and his work to understand how strongly the objects of the Association appealed to him and how deeply he appreciated his election as its President.
Sliding or Rolling—(ii) Indeterminate Forces
Authors: Skelsey Hazel
Published: February 2017

After the first part of this article had been written, it was suggested to the writer that indeterminate forces and the initial conditions might have something to do with the discrepancy between the two different answers obtained to Example 2. Initially the disc might not just be resting on the pegs; it might have been rammed down.
Notes on Elementary Dynamics. III.: Collision
Authors: Muirhead R. F.
Published: February 2017

We have seen that for solving problems on the simultaneous impact of more than two bodies, we require in addition to the laws of Abstract Dynamics, not only a generalization of Newton’s Empirical Law as to change of relative velocity, but also the assumption that the impacts are simultaneous in the special sense of having their greatest compression at the same instant. In other words, it is only in a particular set of special cases that elementary methods can lead to a solution.
John Laviers Lloyd
Authors: Merlane Graham
Published: February 2017

The death of Mr John Lloyd on 4th April moved the members of the Association gathered at Liverpool for the Annual Conference a week or so later. Conference members had become accustomed to his annual report as the Association’s Treasurer from April 1972 to the Autumn of 1975 and to his characteristically direct recommendations as he planned to keep the Association’s financial position secure despite the difficult national economic circumstances.
Sums of powers of natural numbers (1) By coefficient operation or...
Authors: Scott Sidney H.
Published: February 2017

If formulae are known for

1 + 2 +… + n and l2 + 22 +… + n2,

then, by a standard school method, a formula for

l3 + 23 +… + n3

can be deduced in the following fashion:
Some numerical series from
Authors: Peters J.M.H.
Published: February 2017

There is some interesting mathematics associated with the integration of the function

for positive integers n. For n = 1 we have

to within an arbitrary constant. Expanding the integrand with the binomial theorem and integrating term by term gives the well-known result
Note on Prof. Carslaw’s Paper
Authors: Bromwich T. J. I’a
Published: February 2017

The Editor of the Mathematical Gazette has kindly allowed me to see an advance proof of Prof. Carslaw’s paper, and I take the opportunity of making some comments both on that paper and on Dr. Jeffreys’ Tract.
Report of the General Teaching Committee
Authors: Abbott P.
Published: February 2017

The past year has been one of comparative inactivity. The new Committee did not come into office until May, so that no work of importance was possible before the mid-summer vacation. Since that time, owing to the outbreak of the war, the conditions have not seemed suitable for entering upon any work of an important or controversial character. The Committee is now considering what work it can most fittingly undertake under existing circumstances.
A Great Founder Member
Authors: Godfrey C.
Published: February 2017

For 34 years (1869-1903) Rawdon Levett served as chief mathematical master at King Edward’s School, Birmingham. He will be remembered as one of the founders of the A.I.G.T.
The Integral
Authors: Hardy G. H.
Published: February 2017

No one can possibly welcome more cordially than I do the widening of the school curriculum in mathematics that has taken place during the last twenty years. Even I can remember the days when “Conics” and “Mechanics” were the privilege of a select few, and only a prodigy was initiated into the mysteries of the Differential (much less the Integral) Calculus. All this is changed now, and it is fairly safe (at least that is my experience) to assume that a boy who has won a scholarship has learnt something about the Integral Calculus at school.
The Training of the Mathematical Teacher
Authors: Milne William P.
Published: February 2017

The professional training of the Mathematical Teacher after his degree course is finished is a principle which has come to stay, and it therefore behoves all who are concernedin the practical administration of this principle to do their utmost to make the course of professional training as valuable as possible for the future teacher. So far as I know nothing has as yet been done by the Mathematical Association as a body in helping forwardthis movement, but surely the Mathematical Association will fail in its fundamental aims if it does not take a very active part in helping to decide what are the best courses of instruction to give to the student-teachers while in training. The object of the present paper is not to lay down dogmatic assertions as to what ought to be done, but rather to put forward suggestions, and thus to act as a nucleus round which the discussion can revolve. No attempt is made to deal with the training of anyone except the specialist type of mathematical teacher—the person who in time to come is destined to teach in the Advanced Departments of the Secondary Schools in addition to taking his share in the general mathematical work of the school, and who, if weighed in the balance and not found wanting, will be called upon to act as Head of a Mathematical Department, and thus to guide and mould the mathematical destinies of the institution to which he is attached. In almost every University nowadays there exists a Department of Education, and within that Department of Education a School of Mathematical Pedagogy. It is for us to discuss now what ought to be the type and scope of instruction given in this School of Mathematical Pedagogy.
Easy Mathematics and Lawn Tennis
Authors: Bromwich T. J. I’A.
Published: February 2017

In view of the popular appeal of Lawn Tennis, and of the fact that a large number of professional mathematicians depend upon this game for much of their recreation, it seems strange that no one has pointed out that a good deal may be learned (as to suitable tactics) by applying a few quite simple principles of dynamics and geometry to the game.
Greenstreet and the Westminster Gazette
Authors: Spender J. A.
Published: February 2017

For more than twenty years W. J. Greenstreet was scientific correspondent of the evening Westminster Gazette, and he was one of the first to bring scientific developments regularly under the purview of a newspaper. His work consisted in writing articles on any discovery or research of special importance, contributing a regular fortnightly article on current science, and reviewing scientific books and periodicals. He read widely, English, American and foreign books and scientific records of all sorts, to equip himself for this work, and, whenever possible, gave it a practical application.
La Notion de Différentielle dans l'Enseignement
Authors: Hadamard J.
Published: February 2017

Poincaré, dans sa conférence prononcée au Musée pédagogique de Paris en 1904, déclarait déjà qu'ily avait lieu de penser en dérivées non en différentielles. II me semble utile pour l'enseignement de se conformer résolument à ce principe et d'abandonner les explications assez compliquées qui sont classiquement données sur le symbole d. Pour la différentielle premiére, passe encore : Je puis comprendre l'égalité accroissements infiniment petits.
III. (b). Formal Arrangement in Reducing Shillings to Pounds
Authors: WEBB H.
Published: February 2017

There are two forms of setting out questions involving the reduction of shillings to £'s. They are:

In example (i), after crossing off the nought of the 20 and the last figure of the dividend, division is by 2 ; whilst in example (ii) division is by 20. Consequently, in (ii), the first figure of the quotient is one place further to the right than it is in (i). The divisor, 20, is often omitted in both examples.
Mathematical Note
Authors: Lewis E.P.
Published: February 2017

1842. On Note 1727 : Extension of Simeon's line (Gazette, XXVIII, p. 107). Mr. Gibbins might be interested in G. A. Srinivasan's Note 605 (Gazette, XI, p. 20, January, 1922). My pendant to this note on p. 87 of Vol. XI was unfortunately wrecked by a misprint; I give its substance in 1 below. For a figure, see Note 1727 (July, 1944).

In 2 and 3 I give a geometrical proof of the theorem about the join of the orthocentres.
(H, C)-groups with positive line bundles
Authors: Abe Yukitaka
Published: February 2017

Let G be a connected complex Lie group. Then there exists the smallest closed complex subgroup G0 of G such that G/G0 is a Stein group (Morimoto). Moreover G0 is a connected abelian Lie group and every holomorphic function on G0 is a constant. G0 is called an (H, C)-group or a toroidal group. Every connected complex abelian Lie group is isomorphic to the direct product G0 × Cm × C*n, where G0 is an (H,C)-group.
Isospectral surfaces of small genus
Authors: Brooks Roberts , Tse Richard
Published: February 2017

In this note, we will construct simple examples of isospectral surfaces. In what follows, we will use the term “surface” to mean a surface endowed with a Riemannian metric, while the term “Riemann surface” will be reserved for a surface endowed with a metric of constant curvature. We will show:

THEOREM 1. There exist pairs of surfaces S1 and S2 of genus 3, such that S1 and S2 are isospectral but not isometric.

THEOREM 2. There exist pairs of Riemann surfaces S1 and S2 of genus 4 and 6, which are isospectral but not isometric.

THEOREM 3. There exist unoriented surfaces S1 and S2 of Euler characteristic X(S1) = X(S2) = — 6 which are isospectral but not isometric.
On some class number relations for Galois extensions
Authors: Ono Takashi
Published: February 2017

Let k be an algebraic number field of finite degree over Q, the field of rationals, and K be an extension of finite degree over k. By the use of the class number of algebraic tori, we can introduce an arithmetical invariant E(K/k) for the extension K/k. When k = Q and K is quadratic over Q, the formula of Gauss on the genera of binary quadratic forms, i.e. the formula where = the class number of K in the narrow sense, the number of classes is a genus of the norm form of K/Q and tK = the number of distinct prime factors of the discriminant of K, may be considered as an equality between E(K/Q) and other arithmetical invariants of K.
The Complicity of Trees: The Socionatural Field of/for Tree Theft in Bulgaria
Authors: Staddon Chad
Published: February 2017

This article presents a critical political ecology of the various forms of tree theft in a Bulgarian locality. Based on primary fieldwork carried out almost annually since 1992, Chad Staddon argues that even in a relatively tightly bounded space such as a single locality or forest stand, environment-society relationships are sufficiently complex to make the enterprises of analysis and theory-building quite challenging. Yet, as this case study of tree theft shows, it is precisely because environment-society relationships are so intertwined that a “symmetrical” treatment of humans and nonhuman actors is required that takes us well beyond the bounds of “traditional” political ecology. Locating the treatment of tree theft in just such a social theoretical framework offers many benefits. Staddon contends that it is not possible to really understand, or develop policy for, tree theft without carefully considering the relational networks that bind together all the protagonists, including loggers, foresters, policy-makers, and local people, as well as trees, forests, road networks, and other nonhuman agents.
Turgenev and a Proliferating French Press: The Feuilleton and Feuilletonistic inA Nest of the Gentry
Authors: Frazier Melissa
Published: February 2017

Elizabeth Cheresh Allen has addressed Ivan Turgenev's strikingly ambiguous and understated narratives, arguing that Turgenev's "language of litotes" consistently serves other than conventionally realistic ends. V. N. Toporov accounts for Turgenev's "strangeness" in more personal terms. Melissa Frazier's close reading ofA Nest of the Gentrysuggests the importance of yet another factor: Turgenev's engagement with the feuilleton and the increasingly commercialized literary environment that produced it. Ivan Goncharov's accusation that Turgenev had plagiarized elements ofA Nest of the Gentryfrom his own as-yet-unpublishedThe Precipicefinally also makes the point that Turgenev's "strangeness" in this novel derives from an ambiguous language best described as "not that," not the stolen words and half-truths of a feuilletonistic and largely French press, but something nonetheless not unlike.
Soviet “Blacks” and Place Making in Leningrad and Moscow
Authors: Sahadeo Jeff
Published: February 2017

Movement from the USSR's margins to Leningrad and Moscow, among groups ranging from traders to professionals, intensified in the late Soviet period. Using oral histories, Jeff Sahadeo analyzes the migration and place-making experiences of migrants from Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Asian RSFSR, all of whom were often referred to then as well as now by the Soviet host population as “Blacks.” Sahadeo argues that the “two capitals,” despite being closed cities, became critical to advancement strategies for citizens unionwide, inextricably binding Soviet periphery and center. Sahadeo explores how race emerged as an important factor in place making but argues that this can only be understood through its interplay with class, gender, professional status, and other categories of identity. Soviet “Blacks” externalized experiences of difference as they sought incorporation into host societies while maintaining links between their adopted and native homes. Place-making strategies led them to see Leningrad and Moscow, not as Russian-dominated cities, but as modern spaces of Soviet progress.
Micro-Periodization and Dynasticism: Was There a Divide in the Reign of Ivan the Terrible?
Authors: Bogatyrev Sergei
Published: February 2017

In this article, Sergei Bogatyrev offers new insight into the problem of continuity and change during the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible by focusing on the micro-periodization of dynastic history. In modern cultural and historical studies, periodization often includes micro-periods that are based on the perceptions of contemporaries. A micro-period can open a longer historical period, mark dramatic events, or reflect day-to-day activities. Bogatyrev argues that the 1550s was an important micro-period in the dynastic history of Ivan IV's Muscovy. The dynasty was in the center of many political and cultural projects of the 1550s, including the relations between the tsar and his cousin Vladimir of Staritsa, redefining the mechanism of succession, and formulating a dynastic vision of Muscovy's past. The micro-periodization of dynastic history reveals important developments that may be easily obscured by the traditional division of Ivan's reign into good and bad halves.
The Ministry of Asiatic Russia: The Colonial Office That Never Was But Might Have Been
Authors: Sunderland Willard
Published: February 2017

The late tsarist state was a colonial empire, Willard Sunderland argues, yet it never established a colonial ministry like the other colonial empires of the era. Sunderland asks why this was the case and proposes that, while there are many explanations for Russia's apparent uniqueness in institutional terms, historians should also consider how the country's institutional development in fact approximated western and broader international models. The late imperial government indeed never ruled through a colonial ministry, but an office of this sort—a Ministry of Asiatic Russia—might have been created if World War I and the revolution had not intervened. Sunderland sees the embryo of this possibility in the Resettlement Administration, which emerged as a leading center of Russian technocratic colonialism by the turn of the 1900s.
Responses: Political Science, Democracy, and Authoritarianism
Authors: Colton Timothy J. , Hale Henry E. , March Luke , Robertson Graeme B.
Published: February 2017

Stephen Kotkin is surely right that Russia cannot be understood fully through the lens of its elections and that it is conceptually risky for political scientists to treat U.S. democracy as its analytical point of departure. He also makes a good point that governance, institutional quality, and actual state performance need to be studied along with civil society and political parties.

Fortunately, today's field of political science offers a wide range of works that agree. Without producing a long bibliography, we might mention Kathryn Stoner-Weiss's and Daniel Treisman's recent books on center-periphery relations and governance; Maria Popova's and Peter H. Solomon's research into the Russian judiciary; Lucan Way's study of the institutional underpinnings of authoritarianism; and lively debates on the state's management of the economy and its ability to provide social services.
Stories of the Undead in the Land of the Unburied: Magical Historicism in Contemporary Russian Fiction
Authors: Etkind Alexander
Published: February 2017

Combining ideas from cultural studies, psychoanalysis, and literary criticism, this essay proposes an interdisciplinary approach to the emerging field of post-Soviet memory studies. Sociological polls demonstrate that approximately one-fourth of Russians remember that their relatives were victims of terror, yet the existing monuments, museums, and rituals are inadequate to commemorate these losses. In this economy of memory, ghosts and monsters become a prominent subject of post-Soviet culture. The incomplete work of mourning turns the unburied dead into the undead. Analyzing Russian novels and films of the last decade, Alexander Etkind emphasizes the radical distortions of history, semihuman creatures, fantastic cults, manipulations of the body, and circular time that occur in these fictional works. To account for these phenomena, Etkind coins the concept “magical historicism” and discusses its relation to the magical realism of postcolonial literatures. The memorial culture of magical historicism is not so much postmodern as it is, precisely, post-Soviet.
In medias res: A Diary of the Moscow Theater Season, 2007-2008
Authors: Greenleaf Monika
Published: February 2017

In this essay, Monika Greenleaf explores some reasons for, and directions of, the Moscow theater's growth as a cultural stimulus in Vladimir Putin's increasingly imperial, ideologically unified Russia. Focusing on four factors, the first part suggests why the theater, unlike the film industry, resisted collapse in the 1990s: directors’ studio theaters, the new “writer's theater,” the development of “autonomous and self-sustaining” institutions, and theater finance. The second part examines two functions of the theater in a postliterate age: to forge a richer sense of Russian identity by offering mimetic contact with, and choice among, many epochs of its historical and verbal heritage and to offer a traditional locus of resistance to the new regime of privatized spaces and bodies. Using a selection of current plays that reproduce past prose works in the present, Greenleaf analyzes the aesthetic effect of this encounter on the audience and its potential ideational ramifications.
The Birth of Memory and the Memory of Birth: Daniil Kharms and Lev Tolstoi on Infantile Amnesia
Authors: Pankenier Sara
Published: February 2017

Through the juxtaposition of early autobiographical fragments by Lev Tolstoi and Daniil Kharms, Sara Pankenier argues that both writers similarly push beyond the limits of memory to recover the infant self from the abyss of infantile amnesia. Their accounts of preternatural memory and precocious self-awareness counter the phenomenon, which psychologists now term infantile amnesia, whereby the onset of memory occurs only several years after birth. They thus flagrantly violate human experience, as well as the literary conventions that otherwise govern the representation of infancy. By endowing the infant self with adult memory—and narrative voice—these writers create a hybrid autobiographical self that unites the divided autobiographical subject posited by Philippe Lejeune. Despite the differences in their tragic and comic tone, both Tolstoi and Kharms employ the infant subject to explore issues of power and voice through narrative experimentation in an uncharted region of memory otherwise made inaccessible by infantile amnesia.
Sigizmund Natanovich Valk, 1887-1975
Authors: Afferica Joan
Published: February 2017

Professor Valk, the distinguished dean of Leningrad historians, died on February 5 of 1975 at the age of eighty-seven. To review his career is to recall the splendid historical training provided by the University of St. Petersburg on the eve of World War I and to retrace the course of Soviet historical study, many of its principal aims, priorities, methods, and achievements. Professor Valk’s scholarly legacy includes over two hundred printed works; generations of students who benefited from his erudition, prodigious memory, and generous spirit; and a lasting contribution to the development of Soviet archival science and source study.
Bobodzhon Gafurovich Gafurov, 1908-1977
Authors: Naby Eden
Published: February 2017

Among Soviet Central Asians who have achieved international attention, Bobodzhon Gafurovich Gafurov, the late director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, stands out as a leading figure. Gafurov was politically the most prominent Tadzhik, if not Central Asian, in the Soviet Union. During the twenty-one years that he served as the Institute's director, he influenced and made decisions which have led to an overall increase in scholarly research and publication about West Asia, and about Soviet Central Asia in particular, emanating from the Soviet Union.
Bracketing the Copan Dynasty: Late Preclassic and Early Postclassic Settlements at Copan, Honduras
Authors: Manahan T. Kam , Canuto Marcello A.
Published: February 2017

Archaeological research within the Classic Maya center of Copan and in its surrounding rural regions has generated new data relating to the periods both preceding and following the center’s Classic period dynasty. Recent excavations at both Late Preclassic and Early Postclassic settlements have revealed more similarities between the inhabitants of these two “non-Classic” time periods than to the inhabitants of the intervening and better known Classic period. We explore this striking set of similarities in terms of settlement pattern, spatial organization, architecture, material culture, and ritual deposits and spaces. We suggest that the similarities between the Copan region’s Late Preclassic and Early Postclassic populations and their mutual differences with intervening Classic period peoples reflecta cultural connection between these two populations.
El Maíz (Zea Mays) en el Mundo Prehispánico de Chile Central
Authors: Falabella Fernanda , Planella M. Teresa , Tykot Robert H.
Published: February 2017

Los restos de maíz en sitios arqueológicos de la región central de Chile son notablemente escasos. Para estudiar la introducción y adopción de este cultivo en las poblaciones prehispánicas se discutirán los resultados de análisis de isótopos estables de un conjunto de muestras humanas que abarcan desde las comunidades alfareras iniciales (300 a.C.–200 d.C.) hasta el contacto incaico (1450–1550 d.C.). Los isótopos estables de Carbono son sensibles para determinar la presencia y estimar abundancia de plantas C4, como el Zea mays, en dietas del pasado. Nuestros resultados permiten concluir que i) la adopción del maíz es posterior al 200 d.C., ii) su consumo se hace regular entre los grupos Llolleo, iii) su uso aumenta significativamente en los grupos Aconcagua con un consumo diferencial por género, y finalmente iv) la importancia del Zea mays decae inesperadamente durante el período de contacto incaico. En el Período Cerámico Temprano, los horticultores de maíz eran contemporáneos de y compartían el paisaje con cazadores recolectores y horticultores de quinoa, aún cuando cada grupo tenía sus propios hábitos dietarios. Esta evidencia muestra un nuevo acercamiento a los sistemas sociales pero también dejan abiertas algunas preguntas, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la presencia inicial del maíz en la región.
At the Crossroads: Starch Grain and Phytolith Analyses in Lucayan Prehistory
Authors: Berman Mary Jane , Pearsall Deborah M.
Published: February 2017

Starch and phytolith analyses of an assemblage of chert microliths from the Three Dog site, an early Lucayan settlement on San Salvador, Bahamas, yieldedZea mays, Capsicum, and possible manioc indicating that these domesticates were present by at least A.D. 800 or earlier in Cuba or Hispaniola and brought to the central Bahamas during its early peopling. The presence of corn at this site contradicts previously held ideas that it did not appear in the Bahamas until the A.D. 1200s. Starch granules tentatively identified as root/tuber starch were also found on the microliths, although we were unable to discern if these represent wild species and/or culturally transported wild or domesticated species. The presence of more than one species on the microliths, initially believed to have been manioc grater chips similar to those documented ethnographically, demonstrates multifunctional use. A broad-based plant diet that included maize and root/tuber crops was in place at least by the Archaic age in parts of the Greater Antilles and brought to the Bahamas, along with chilis, during its colonization by Ceramic age peoples.
Un Aporte Crítico a Partir de “Comentarios Sobre Montículos de la Cuenca de la Laguna Merín: Tiempo, Espacio Y Sociedad”
Authors: Boksar Roberto Bracco , Puerto Laura del , Inda Hugo , García-Rodríguez Felipe
Published: February 2017

Se abordan cuatro temas en la replica a Iriarte et. al (en este volumen): 1) Reconstrucciones paleoclimáticas, analizando la baja resolución del registro de Iriarte (2006), limitaciones del procedimiento de muestreo, sistema acuático elegido y dataciones. Se responde a las criticas sobre las inferencias paleoclimdticas realizadas, indicando que no consideran el total de las líneas de evidencia utilizadas ni la escala del registro y señalando la buena correspondencia con reconstrucciones propuestas para la región. 2) Evidencias de aldeas estructuradas en sitios con estructuras monticulares. Observamos las argumenlaciones esgrimidas para el sitio de Los Ajos, refiriendolas al contexto arqueológico de la región. Se responde a nuestra supuesta falta de observation de cambios culturales y ambientales, señalándose los problemas de las secuencias culturales propuestas. Se retoma el problema de la mecánica de construcción de los montículos como cuestión inicial a la horn de interpretar el registro y postular secuencias culturales. 3) Dataciones, desarrollando el concepto de fechados de baja resolutión y su pertinencia en la propuesta del Modelo de Crecimiento Continuo para las estructuras monticulares. 4) Por último se observa las implicaciones de la confusión entre la cuenca del Plata y la cuenca de la Laguna Merín.
Assessing Patient Progress in Psychological Therapy Through Feedback in Supervision: the MeMOS* Randomized Controlled Trial (*Measuring and Monitoring clinical Outcomes in Supervision: MeMOS)
Authors: Davidson Kate M. , Rankin Michelle L. , Begley Amelie , Lloyd Suzanne , Barry Sarah J.E. , McSkimming Paula , Bell Lisa , Allan Carole , Osborne Morag , Ralston George , Bienkowski Geraldine , Mellor-Clark John , Walker Andrew
Published: February 2017

Background: Psychological therapy services are often required to demonstrate their effectiveness and are implementing systematic monitoring of patient progress. A system for measuring patient progress might usefully ‘inform supervision’ and help patients who are not progressing in therapy. Aims: To examine if continuous monitoring of patient progress through the supervision process was more effective in improving patient outcomes compared with giving feedback to therapists alone in routine NHS psychological therapy. Method: Using a stepped wedge randomized controlled design, continuous feedback on patient progress during therapy was given either to the therapist and supervisor to be discussed in clinical supervison (MeMOS condition) or only given to the therapist (S-Sup condition). If a patient failed to progress in the MeMOS condition, an alert was triggered and sent to both the therapist and supervisor. Outcome measures were completed at beginning of therapy, end of therapy and at 6-month follow-up and session-by-session ratings. Results: No differences in clinical outcomes of patients were found between MeMOS and S-Sup conditions. Patients in the MeMOS condition were rated as improving less, and more ill. They received fewer therapy sessions. Conclusions: Most patients failed to improve in therapy at some point. Patients’ recovery was not affected by feeding back outcomes into the supervision process. Therapists rated patients in the S-Sup condition as improving more and being less ill than patients in MeMOS. Those patients in MeMOS had more complex problems.
Detours and Contours of Inherited Wealth: The Perennial Structures of Transmission Between Generations
Authors: Descimon Robert
Published: February 2017

André Masson proposes replacing Gary Becker’s “theory” of generational altruism with a structural explanation inspired by Marcel Mauss’s famous essay The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies (1923), which was rooted in indirect reciprocities between three generations. Masson thereby elaborates a gentle critique of the moral principles often lying beneath the analyses of liberal economists (such as the “demonstration effect,” disen-franchisement, or the theory of homo reciprocans). Accepting the ambitions of economic science, Masson nonetheless maintains a conception of the social sciences that is more competitive than cooperative and provides convincing analysis of the economic and social foundations of current intergenerational transfers. The argument developed in this critical note proposes both a historical reading of the ideology of intergenerational equity, which is only conceivable in the transition from the Trente Glorieuses to the Trente Piteuses, and a structural reading arguing that, for the wealthy classes during the European Old Regime, successful transfers of wealth between generations followed the same formal requirements as those in the twenty-first century.
The Excluded: Begging in the Postwar Soviet Union
Authors: Zubkova Elena
Published: February 2017

To what extent was the Soviet state able to control (and oppose) the process of social exclusion and to what extent was Soviet society ready to integrate social outcasts? This article attempts to answer these questions by analyzing the phenomenon of begging in the Soviet Union between the 1940s and the 1960s. The article begins by studying the phenomenon of begging as a reaction to poverty, serving as a survival strategy for the lower social classes who were excluded from society due to poor standards of living. A brief historical overview of the campaign to combat begging in the the USSR from the Revolution of 1917 until the mid-1950s shows both the continuity and shifting perspectives of state reaction to this social problem. This article also analyzes begging, which was an important social phenomenon in the USSR after World War II, through the specific biographies of actual beggars. The article concludes with an examination of the public discourse on poverty in the 1950s and early 1960s, which reveals how both society and the state viewed the issue.
Inhabiting Culture on the Frontiers of Socialism (Gorna Džumaja, 1944-1948)
Authors: Capelle-Pogăcean Antonela , Ragaru Nadège
Published: February 2017

This article examines the cultural shaping (through film and theater) of urban identities in Gorna Džhumaja, a border city located in Pirin Macedonia, at the dawn of Socialism. In a region that was at the center of Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Greek national conflict, thus rendering its future unpredictable, the establishment of Socialism between 1944-1948 coincided with intense social and national engineering. Developments in the domains of cinema and theater offer a heuristic lens through which to view these processes, notably because of the educational and political role they were attributed. Exploring changes in the cultural environment, designated toponyms, and everyday life of cultural institutions offers new insight into the complex interplay between the pre-Socialist and Socialist periods. It also provides an oblique view of how the Socialist city was fashioned through theatrical tours and ambulant cinema. Socialism thus emerges, beyond sovietization, as a product of transnational circulation.