bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analysis of selected traits of typical supply of oak logs and a comparison of the efficiency of their processing into flooring
Authors: Rębkowski Bartłomiej , Koczan Grzegorz , Kozakiewicz Paweł , Krzosek Sławomir
Published: August 2020

An analysis of selected traits of typical supply of oak logs and a comparison of efficiency of their processing into flooring. The research was performed on typical supply of oak wood logs of WC02 class, diameter from 29 to 34 cm, measured in the middle of its length (full log length 2.3 m). Wood came from Bobolice forest district, Lubowo forest subdistrict. This type of raw wood is used in standard machining processes (sawing) of multi-layer flooring face layer (top layer, lamella). The application of X-ray computed tomography allows to perform full valuation of raw material quality. The introduction of partially chip-less machining technology leads to significant savings in wood in comparison with standard machining (sawing).
The impact of crosshead speed on the strength of spruce wood (Picea abies L.)
Authors: Dobrowolska Ewa , Lichaczewska Barbara
Published: August 2020

The effect of crosshead speed on the strength of spruce wood (Picea abies L.). This work examines the compression and tensile strength along the grain and bending perpendicularly to the grain of spruce wood was investigated at various crosshead speeds. The dependence of the immediate strength on the crosshead speed takes the form of an exponential function for compression and tension along the grain and bending perpendicular to the grain. The study showed that as the crosshead speed increases, the ultimate strength value increases regardless of the type of stress occurring. The bending strength is between the compression and tensile strength values. The strength for compression along the grain for the spruce wood tested is 50% of strength tension along grain length and 57% of the bending strength. The bending strength corresponds to 88% of the tensile strength.
Biopolymers in wood-based materials – a recent review
Authors: Gumowska Aneta , Kowaluk Grzegorz
Published: August 2020

Biopolymers in wood-based materials – a recent review. The aim of the paper was to summarize the current state-of-art in the field of biopolymers application in the composites based on lignocellulosic raw materials. The cited literature show, in research and experiments, how promising the green composites market becomes. Biocomposites are becoming more interesting and promising alternative to commonly used petropolymers, which have a negative impact on health and the environment.
An impact of fiberglass fabric reinforcement on shelves made from particleboard
Authors: Szymska Anna , Beer Piotr
Published: August 2020

An impact of fiberglass fabric reinforcement on shelves made from particleboard. The research used two variants of shelves reinforcement: reinforcement by gluing fibreglass cloth on particleboard and reinforcement by gluing pre-tensioned fibreglass cloth. The results obtained for reinforced shelves were compared to the results obtained for non-reinforced shelves. The characteristics of particleboard and existing on the global market ways to reinforce furniture shelves are presented in the initial chapters. Further chapters contain the methodology and the results of fatigue tests, shelf stiffness tests and modulus of elasticity tests. Based on the test results, it was found that the cloth reinforcement of particleboard furniture shelves using fiberglass with and without pre-tension results in the strength of the shelves by 15–40%. Also, reinforced shelves deflect less than the shelves made of unreinforced chipboard.
The Estonian CIT in Poland: facts and myths
Authors: Sarnowski Jan , Łożykowski Aleksander
Published: August 2020

Multiple misunderstandings around the Estonian CIT settlement method have emerged since the presentation of
its assumptions in Poland, in June 2020. The authors provide arguments that stand in contradiction to the myths
most frequently reappearing in the public space with respect to the projected regulation. The factors of particular
importance to the process include a broader economic context, the business cycle moment at which the regulation
is implemented, and the experiences based on application of the mechanism in question in other European countries
over the recent twenty-odd years.
Cichorium intybus L. extract ameliorates testicular oxidative stress induced by lead acetate in male rats
Authors: Dorostghoal Mehran , Seyyednejad Seyyed Mansour , Nejad Marzieh Noroozi Tabrizi
Published: August 2020

Objective: Oxidative stress has been suggested as a possible mechanism for the adverse effects of heavy metal toxicity on male reproduction. Cichorium intybus L. is used in Iranian folk medicine as a hepatoprotective agent as well as for its supposed fertility-enhancing properties. The present study was performed to investigate whether the ethanolic extract of C. intybus leaves could protect male rats against lead-induced testicular oxidative stress.Methods: In this experimental study, adult Wistar rats were treated with 0.1% lead acetate in drinking water alone or with 50, 100, or 200 mg/ kg body weight of C. intybus extract via gavage once daily for 70 days. The weight of their reproductive organs, levels of serum hormones, histometric parameters of the seminiferous tubules, epidydimal sperm quality, and oxidative stress status were evaluated.Results: The testis weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, epididymal sperm count, serum testosterone level, and testicular levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the lead-treated rats. Moreover, significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of malondialdehyde were observed in the lead-exposed group compared to the control. However, the co-administration of C. intybus ethanolic extract in lead-treated rats was associated with a significant improvement in reproductive parameters.Conclusion: We conclude that C. intybus leaf extract has the potential to prevent lead-induced testicular toxicity and to suppress the adverse effects of lead on male reproductive health.
EDITORIAL (Português)
Authors: Sanín-Restrepo Ricardo , Araújo Marinella Machado
Published: August 2020

Editorial
REVISIÓN CRÍTICA DE LA MIGRACIÓN IRREGULAR COMO RIESGO A LA SEGURIDAD NACIONAL
Authors: Vega Luisa Gabriela Morales
Published: August 2020

El fenómeno de las “caravanas migrantes” ha generado que el estado Mexicano gestione los flujos acogiéndose al mandato de seguridad nacional pues ejecuta acciones que se sustentan en su defensa, como lo evidencia la participación activa de las fuerzas armadas bajo la figura de la Guardia Nacional. A partir de ello se analizan los marcos normativos aplicables, a fin de determinar la dualidad de su carácter: el atinente al discurso de prevalencia irrestricta de los Derechos Humanos y el que se refiere a la naturaleza securitaria y policiaca tanto del (INM Instituto Nacional de Migración) como de la política migratoria en su conjunto. Dualidad que se percibe como contradictoria, excluyente, pero sobre todo difusa, ante la variedad, oscuridad y ambigüedad del discurso normativo relativo a la(s) seguridad(es) en México. Aquí se analiza a través de la teoría de la Encriptación del Poder (Méndez y Sanín, 2012) la función de la noción de seguridad nacional en el derecho migratorio y la elasticidad de la misma para adecuarse a las situaciones históricas concretas, teniendo en cuenta que dicha noción, podría ubicarse entre aquéllas que resultan impensables fuera de la simbiosis modernidad-colonialidad que articula la teoría a utilizar.
UMA ABORDAGEM DA PROVA TESTEMUNHAL A PARTIR DA NEUROLAW
Authors: Pereira Carlos André Maciel Pinheiro , Bevilaqua Lia Rejane Müller , Bezerra Bruno Tavares Padilha
Published: August 2020

Neste trabalho analisa-se a prova testemunhal no contexto do direito processual civil sob o enfoque da neurolaw. O estudo faz uma breve revisão sobre as características e natureza jurídica da referida prova, focando no testemunho de terceiros que aportam, sob compromisso de dizer a verdade, conhecimento subjetivo pertinente à lide. Utiliza o método indutivo, através de pesquisa qualitativa com suporte em fontes científicas, doutrinárias e legais com o intuito de melhor compreender metodologias que propõe a localização de circuitarias cerebrais relacionadas com o armazenamento de informações específicas e sua relação com a compreensão da prova testemunhal pelos atores do direito. As memórias não são perfeitas e a prova testemunhal é indissociável do processo de evocação da informação adquirida. Debate-se aqui as particularidades e características das memórias para que, quando transmitidas por um testemunho, possam ser devidamente escrutinizadas pelo julgador. Assim a eficácia da decisão judicial será maximizada ao alcançar a verdade material por trás do processo, ao mesmo tempo que salvaguarda a segurança jurídica.
THE ONE WHO MADE THE LOCK ALSO MADE THE KEY
Authors: Martel James
Published: August 2020

In this essay, I look at the way that Thomas Hobbes offers not only the building blocks for state power and sovereignty (as he is so famous for doing) but also a basis by which to resist those very things. Even as Hobbes constructs a vast and awe inspiring network of sovereign forms of authority, he shows how those forms are produced, in a sense, out of thin air. Hobbes’ understanding of language as a series of decisions that are made in ways that render the sovereign’s own decision derivative, as well as his understanding of theology as offering us a vision of a human community who must collectively decide on things in the absence of God’s ongoing instruction both serve to undermine and expose the emptiness of sovereign pronouncements. In this way, Hobbes can be read as a radical theorist and a theorist of resisting the very encryption that he is at the same time responsible for theorizing and producing.
UMA ANÁLISE DAS DESPESAS FEDERAIS E DOS RESULTADOS EM EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL (2008-2017)
Authors: Carvalho Junior Nilson Elias de , Tavares Neto José Querino
Published: August 2020

Indicadores dos gastos em educação num determinado período são um instrumento de grande relevância na compreensão dos problemas sociais que mereçam maior atenção e exijam definição de políticas públicas mais eficazes, correção de distorções e, consequentemente, redução de desigualdades. Partindo desse pressuposto, o presente trabalho apresenta dados da série histórica do gasto público educacional da União entre os anos de 2008 a 2017 e analisa o papel do governo federal no financiamento da educação, avaliando as despesas públicas realizadas no período e apresentando a necessidade de reorientação de gastos ineficientes. Para fundamentar tais análises, serão utilizados dados do Anuário da Educação Básica 2018, da Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional e da Receita Federal, mostrando a relação entre gastos educacionais e evolução da carga tributária, bem como os impactos da Emenda Constitucional no 95/2016 na destinação de recursos para a educação. Serão apresentados também dados do Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Alunos (PISA) e de relatórios de entidades internacionais, como a Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) e o Banco Mundial, para assim ser feita uma comparação da eficiência dos investimentos na educação brasileira com a de outros países.
LA JUSTICIA DIGITAL COMO ESTRATEGIA DE DESENCRIPTACIÓN FEMINISTA DEL PODER
Authors: Estévez Ariadna
Published: August 2020

El artículo propone, teniendo como estudio de caso el #MeTooMexicano, que la justicia digital puede ser una forma de desencriptación del poder colonial/patriarcal en el caso de violencia sexual y de género, como parte del Feminismo 4.0 o de cuarta ola, como propone la feminista Nuria Varela. Se entiende la encriptación del poder como el entrelazamiento progresivo del lenguaje de interpretación no sólo de la Constitución y el derecho, sino de una serie de procesos y datos que integran la realidad como tal; desencriptar el poder significa pues revertir la exclusión del sujeto de la colonialidad y el patriarcado como la forma básica de dominación. La justicia digital es el proceso mediado por las plataformas digitales, en el que a falta de un sistema de justicia funcional y eficiente, las víctimas de algún delito o violación a los derechos humanos, especialmente las víctimas de violencia sexual y de género, narran sus experiencias bajo un hashtag con la expectativa de que se haga trending topic y su masividad y viralidad tenga el efecto de evidenciar al presunto perpetrador, quien puede por la vía de las plataformas digitales negar o aceptar la acusación. El argumento central es que en el #MeTooMexicano la violencia sexual se litigó digitalmente como estrategia para desencriptar el poder colonial y patriarcal que no permiten a las mujeres el acceso a la justicia.
Die Weltwärts-Süd-Nord-Komponente. Zwischen Emanzipation und Legitimation postkolonialer Herrschaft
Authors: Huffer Matthias
Published: August 2020

Die Weltwärts-Süd-Nord-Komponente beansprucht, zu einer „Partnerschaft auf Augenhöhe“ in einer globalisierten Welt beizutragen. Gesellschaftliche Beziehungen sind in dieser Welt durch postkoloniale Machtverhältnisse gekennzeichnet, die auch die Bedingungen festlegen, unter denen Incoming-Freiwillige ihren Dienst leisten. Diese postkolonialen Verhältnisse wirken sich rassistisch auf bestimmte soziale Gruppen, etwa Incoming-Freiwillige, aus. Sie wurzeln in einer bestimmten Machtform, der Nekropolitik, und spiegeln sich ökonomisch in der internationalen Arbeitsteilung wider. Die Weltwärts-Süd-Nord-Komponente ist bewusst im Kontext von Entwicklungspolitik verortet. Postkoloniale Theorie zeigt, dass der Diskurs über Entwicklung postkoloniale Herrschaftsverhältnisse entpolitisiert. Durch die staatlich vermittelte Macht des Entwicklungsdiskurses werden die rassistischen Bedingungen, unter denen Incoming-Freiwillige ihren Dienst leisten, verschleiert. Dadurch werden postkoloniale Herrschaftsverhältnisse durch internationale Freiwilligendienste fortgeschrieben.
Perceived Barriers to Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Iranian Women: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Hossaini Fatemeh , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Soori Hamid , Ramezankhani Ali
Published: August 2020

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among Iranian women. The early diagnosis of this disease can decrease the mortality rate and promote patient survival. Objectives: This study aimed at identifying the barriers to early detection of breast cancer in Iranian women. Methods: In this qualitative study, which was extracted from a large research project, an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design was used, and conventional content analysis was carried out. Twenty-one participants were selected by purposeful sampling (ten health professionals and 11 female patients with breast cancer). Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews from July 2018 to June 2019. Results: The content analysis revealed three major themes related to delay in presentation: individual barriers (limited/lack of knowledge, other life preferences, negative reactions to the disease, and belief in fate), environmental barriers (insufficient social support, inaccurate information sources, and alternative therapy recommendations), and organizational barriers (poor quality of health services, inadequate access to health services, and role of media in informing people). Conclusions: Various perceived barriers, at different levels, play influential roles in the patients’ early detection. Therefore, collaboration between public health professionals, healthcare providers, and policymakers seems necessary for reducing delays in presentation among women.
Association of Evening Chronotype with Poor Control of Type 2 Diabetes: Roles of Sleep Duration and Insomnia Level
Authors: Hashemipour Sima , Yazdi Zohreh , Mahabad Niloofar
Published: August 2020

Background: Evening chronotype is usually associated with insomnia and short sleep duration. Objectives: To investigate the independent association of chronotype with diabetes control. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 140 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied. The insomnia score was examined by a 7-item questionnaire. Also, chronotype was assessed by a 19-item questionnaire, and using the questionnaire, the patients were divided into three groups of morning, intermediate, and evening. This questionnaire has been developed for evaluating the preference for performing mental and physical activities at a special time of day. The Multivariate hierarchical analysis was applied for investigating the independent association of chronotype and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: The fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly different across all the three chronotype groups such that it had the highest value in the evening group and the lowest value in the morning group (FBS = 164.5 ± 34.1 mg/dL and HbA1c = 8.7% ± 1.7, in the evening group, and FBS = 132.7 ± 23.1 mg/dL and HbA1c = 6.9% ± 0.4 in the morning group, P < 0.001). The morning group had longer sleep duration and less insomnia than other groups. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that the chronotype explained 28.4% of the variance of HbA1c. Results of the final model demonstrated that the chronotype had a relationship with HbA1c, independent of body mass index (BMI), time of going to bed, and insomnia score. Conclusions: Evening chronotype is associated with poorer control of diabetes, independent of BMI and sleep variables.
Prolongations of affine connection and horizontal vectors
Authors: Polyakova K. V.
Published: August 2020

The linear frame bundle over a smooth manifold is considered. The mapping dе defined by the differentials of the first-order frame e is a lift to the normal N, i. e., a space complementing the first-order tangent space to the second-order tangent space to this bundle. In particular, the map­ping defined by the differentials of the vertical vector of this frame is a vertical lift into normal N. The lift dе allows us to construct a prolongation both of the tangent space and its vertical subspace into the second-order tangent space, more precisely into the normal N. The normal lift dе defines the normal prolon­gation of the tangent space (i. e. the normal N) and its vertical subspace. The vertical lift defines the vertical prolongation of the tangent space and its vertical subspace. The differential of an arbitrary vector field on the linear frame bundle is a complete lift from the first-order tangent space to the second-order tangent space to this bundle. It is known that the action of vector fields as differential operators on functions coincides with action of the differentials of these functions as 1-forms on these vector fields. Horizontal vectors played a dual role in the fibre bundle. On the one hand, the basic horizontal vectors serve as opera­tors for the covariant differentiation of geometric objects in the bundle. On the other hand, the differentials of these geometric objects can be con­sidered as forms (including tangential-valued ones) and their values on basic horizontal vectors give covariant derivatives of these geometric ob­jects. For objects which covariant derivatives require the second-order con­nection, the covariant derivatives are equal to the values of the differen­tials of these objects on horizontal vectors in prolonged affine connectivi­ty. Prolongations of the basic horizontal vectors, i. e., the second-order horizontal vectors for prolonged connection, were constructed. The sec­ond-order tangent space is represented as a straight sum of the first-order tangent space, vertical prolongations of the vertical and horizontal sub­spaces, and horizontal prolongation of the horizontal subspace.
On the Tachibana numbers of closed manifolds with pinched negative sectional curvature
Authors: Stepanov S. E. , Tsyganok I. I.
Published: August 2020

Conformal Killing form is a natural generalization of con­formal Killing vector field. These forms were exten­si­vely studied by many geometricians. These considerations we­re motivated by existence of various applications for the­se forms. The vector space of conformal Killing p-forms on an n-dimensional closed Riemannian mani­fold M has a finite dimension na­med the Tachibana number. These numbers are conformal scalar invariant of M and satisfy the duality theorem: . In the present article we prove two vanishing theorems. According to the first theorem, there are no nonzero Tachi­bana numbers on an n-dimensional closed Rie­mannian manifold with pinched negative sectional curva­ture such that for some pinching con­stant . From the second theorem we conc­lude that there are no nonzero Tachibana numbers on a three-dimensional closed Riemannian manifold with ne­gative sectional curvature.
Glued linear connection on surface of the projective space
Authors: Bashashina K. V.
Published: August 2020

We consider a surface as a variety of centered planes in a multidi­mensional projective space. A fiber bundle of the linear coframes appears over this manifold. It is important to emphasize the fiber bundle is not the principal bundle. We called it a glued bundle of the linear coframes. A connection is set by the Laptev — Lumiste method in the fiber bundle. The ifferential equations of the connection object components have been found. This leads to a space of the glued linear connection. The expres­sions for a curvature object of the given connection are found in the pa­per. The theorem is proved that the curvature object is a tensor. A condi­tion is found under which the space of the glued linear connection turns into the space of Cartan projective connection. The study uses the Cartan — Laptev method, which is based on cal­culating external differential forms. Moreover, all considerations in the article have a local manner.
Curvature and torsion pseudotensors of coaffine connection in tangent bundle of hypercentred planes manifold
Authors: Vyalova A. V.
Published: August 2020

The hypercentered planes family, whose dimension coincides with dimension of generating plane, is considered in the projective space. Two principal fiber bundles arise over it. Typical fiber for one of them is the stationarity subgroup for hypercentered plane, for other — the linear group operating in each tangent space to the manifold. The latter bundle is called the principal bundle of linear coframes. The structural forms of two bundles are related by equations. It is proved that hypercentered planes family is a holonomic smooth manifold. In the principal bundle of linear coframes the coaffine connection is given. From the differential equations it follows that the coaffine connec­tion object forms quasipseudotensor. It is proved that the curvature and torsion objects for the coaffine connection in the linear coframes bundle form pseudotensors.
Differentiable mapping generated by elliptic parabo­loid complexes
Authors: Kretov M. V.
Published: August 2020

In three-dimensional equiaffine space, we consider a differentiable map generated by complexes with three-parameter families of elliptic paraboloids according to the method proposed by the author in the mate­rials of the international scientific conference on geometry and applica­tions in Bulgaria in 1986, as well as in works published earlier in the sci­entific collection of Differ. Geom. Mnogoobr. Figur. The study is carried out in the canonical frame, the vertex of which coincides with the top of the generating element of the manifold, the first two coordinate vectors are conjugate and lie in the tangent plane of the elliptic paraboloid at its vertex, the third coordinate vector is directed along the main diameter of the generating element so that the ends are, respectively, the sums of the first and third, and also the sums of the second and third coordinate vec­tors lay on a paraboloid, while the indicatrixes of all three coordinate vec­tors describe lines with tangents, parallel to the first coordinate vector. The existence theorem of the mapping under study is proved, according to which it exists and is determined with the arbitrariness of one function of one argument. The systems of equations of the indicatrix and the main directions of the mapping under consideration are obtained. The indicatrix and the cone of the main directions of the indicated mapping are geomet­rically characterized.
Evaluation of Virtual Reality Simulation of Dental Caries through Student Questionnaire
Authors: Kim Byunggee , Ryu Jeeheon , Kim Jaehwan , Kim Seonmi , Choi Namki
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of virtual reality simulation after experience of dental caries diagnosis for dental students before exposing to clinical pediatric practice.A pediatric patient model of a five-year-old child with primary dentition was developed and a caries model that is amenable to VR(virtual reality) diagnosis was organized and set-up. The dental student’s were allowed to use the simulated model for fifteen minutes and their experiences were evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire to evaluate presence and usability of this application.Overall, virtual presence and appearance area of the simulation were highly scored. The result indicates that the VR model has no significant difference from the actual clinical caries regardless of grade of students, gender and VR experience. If the prototype is continuously advanced, its applicability in dental education will increase.
Generalized Pulp Stones of Primary Dentition in a Patient with Molar-Incisor Malformation : A Case Report
Authors: Lee Dongyun , Shin Jisun
Published: August 2020

Molar-incisor malformation (MIM) is a new type of root anomaly reported recently. The characteristics of MIM are dysplastic root formations, constriction of pulp chambers and presence of calcified matrices at the level of cementoenamel junction in permanent first molars and primary second molars. In some cases, permanent maxillary incisors are also affected.The permanent first molars of the patient in this case report were affected with MIM. Generalized pulp stones were observed in overall primary dentition. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer analysis were performed on the extracted mandibular first molar and maxillary primary second molar of the patient. Micro-CT images revealed the discontinuity of enamel directly connected to an accessory canal of the root.
Dental Management in a Patient with Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia : A Case Report
Authors: Han Miran , Kim Jongsoo
Published: August 2020

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited congenital disorder, characterized by impaired blood coagulation due to platelet dysfunction. It was first reported by the pediatrician Glanzmann in 1918.GT affects both males and females, and it is more common in regions of the Middle East, India, and France, where intermarriage is common. It has an incidence of about 1 in 1,000,000 people. In South Korea, according to the Division of Rare Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, around 200 cases have been reported in 2018.Clinical symptoms include petechia, ecchymosis, epistaxis, and gingival bleeding. The spontaneous loss of deciduous teeth can result in excessive bleeding with that blood transfusion should be considered. Preventing hemorrhages and hemostasis are most important factors in dental treatment. Local bleeding can be controlled by compression, but platelet transfusion can be required by prolonged bleeding.Pediatric dentists can minimize the gingival bleeding by control of the oral hygiene to prevent gingivitis and dental caries. The importance of oral hygiene and periodic recall check-up should be emphasized. During dental treatment, the examination and the treatment plan of patient should be modified to prevention of hemorrhages carefully.A 6-year-old girl with GT was referred for the treatment of dental caries, and resin restoration was performed under nitrous oxide inhalation sedation. After treatment, compression was required for the bleeding control.
Beyond SmartCities: How to create an Attractive City for Talented Citizens
Authors: Ondiviela Garcia Jose Antonio
Published: August 2020

In the recent context of general economic stability and peace, cities have become the world’s key centers for human development. Without a clear leader in the 4th Industrial Revolution, cities are fiercely competing to attract talent. Investing in technology and innovation (SmartCities) is an essential and mandatory condition to draw that talent in, yet it is not sufficient alone. Choosing a city to live in is a complex decision, akin to making a major purchase, getting married, or signing a contract. So, the question arises: what makes a city attractive to talent?In this article, it is postulated that, as with every human decision, there is a compromise between two parties: the emotional component, which we call city magnetism, and the rational component, which we call city profitability.We study the world’s top 140 most attractive cities according to international studies in a custom model made up of more than 100 indicators. The objective is twofold: to help talented citizens evaluate cities in order to find which ones will best help them reach their potential; and to help politicians and city officials create the conditions that make their city as attractive as possible. This is not simply a question of technology or investment; identity, urban planning and social sustainability are determining factors too.
Derechos humanos para el posfranquismo: lo político y la ciudadanía civil.
Authors: Chamouleau Brice
Published: August 2020

La cultura de los derechos humanos es un asunto central del acervo democrático europeo del tiempo presente. Sin embargo, se conocen mal sus relaciones con las culturas estatales con las que dialogan en la construcción de una ciudadanía civil europea. El presente artículo aspira a analizar su apropiación bajo la dictadura franquista por corrientes democristianas y del socialismo democrático, alrededor de Joaquín Ruiz-Giménez, Elías Díaz y Gregorio Peces Barba, principalmente. La apuesta radica en identificar limitaciones conceptuales y éticas a la moral civil que se consolida en los años sesenta y setenta, concretadas en la aplicación de la Ley de Peligrosidad Social en el período constitucional, limitando las formas de la individualidad democrática. Partiendo de la trayectoria de un juez de peligrosidad social franquista luego nombrado juez por España del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en los años noventa, el objetivo es perfilar mejor la cualidad moral de esta materia jurídica en el proceso de construcción de la ciudadanía civil posfranquista. El recorrido propuesto invita, al final, a repensar el sustrato ético y epistémico de esta materia jurídica, en el contexto cultural europeo del s. XXI marcado por la quiebra de la subjetividad mesocrática.
La exposición Vernichtungskrieg. Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941 bis 1944. El debate sobre los crímenes de la Wehrmacht
Authors: De Toro F. Miguel
Published: August 2020

Durante décadas el mito de la “Wehrmacht limpia” sirvió a la sociedad alemana como una forma de evitar enfrentarse a los crímenes del Nazismo, impidiendo que los soldados alemanes se viesen implicados en la guerra de aniquilación en el Este, pero evitando también que se representase la imagen del perpetrador. La exposición Vernichtungskrieg. Verbrechen der Wehrmacht 1941 bis 1944 (1995-1999) fue la primera ocasión en que la sociedad alemana se enfrentó directamente con esos crímenes, que implicaban a una gran parte de la misma. Y, por primera vez, se ponía rostro a algunos de los perpetradores de los crímenes. La exposición abrió nuevas líneas de investigación para los historiadores sobre la mentalidad de los soldados, fuentes materiales, motivos de los perpetradores, etc. La reacción ante la exposición fomentó un debate historiográfico que ha permitido que se enfrente más abiertamente con su pasado, un paso más en la Vergangenheitsbewältigung sobre el pasado nazi. La investigación sobre la identidad social de los perpetradores se acaba de iniciar, pero las narrativas están desarrollándose de forma similar a la del Holocausto a mediados de los 1970. La controversia demostró, una vez más y como señala Nolte, que el pasado “no ha pasado”.
El soldado que no fue: interrogando el ejército, la obediencia debida y el nunca más
Authors: Ros Matturro Ana
Published: August 2020

En este artículo analizo El soldado que no fue, un documental chileno que se acerca al pasado dictatorial desde el ámbito de las Fuerzas Armadas, a través de sus actores secundarios, dando así visibilidad a las zonas grises del régimen. El documental aborda el caso de los jóvenes que fueron llamados a cumplir con el servicio militar obligatorio el mismo año del golpe. Aunque eran el último eslabón en la cadena de mando, al cumplir con sus funciones sostenían, de algún modo, el andamiaje del sistema autoritario y represivo. Al dar cabida a estos nuevos actores, el documental presenta interrogantes sobre la responsabilidad y la complicidad en situaciones de crueldad en el ejército dictatorial, que inevitablemente cuestionan la institución armada del presente e interrogan tanto las posibilidades del nunca más en Chile como el concepto de ciudadano forjado en democracia.
La figura de Videla como paradigma del terror dictatorial. Reflexiones en torno a dos obras tecnopoéticas
Authors: Martin Nadia
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo parte del reconocimiento de un conjunto de obras que, desde los años '60, captaron críticamente el signo autoritario y represor de la cultura política argentina, mediante la representación de figuras militares. Poniéndolas en secuencia con esta matriz visual, se indaga en dos obras de arte tecnológico contemporáneo que toman a Jorge Rafael Videla como figura paradigmática de tal tradición, la cual encuentra su expresión máxima en el terrorismo de Estado; a saber: la videoescultura Sin Título (2006) de Alejandro Schianchi y el video monocanal Subversion Loop (2016) de Hernán Khourián. El trabajo se propone, así, comprender de qué manera la figura de Videla ?entre la ejemplaridad y la singularidad? configura un dispositivo de memoria. Asimismo, busca describir y analizar algunos ejes de inscripción poética y política en las que estas piezas se sitúan. Se entiende que esta producción estética no sólo permite abordar aspectos ominosos del pasado reciente sino, también, precisar cómo el mismo presente define los conceptos con los que piensa a los perpetradores y las formas visuales con las que vuelve operativa su memoria.
“Día de Muertos” en Oaxaca: mercantilización y folklorización del patrimonio cultural
Authors: Valtierra Zamudio Jorge , Bernal Lugo Ricardo
Published: August 2020

En el presente artículo se analiza la idea de patrimonio cultural debido a su relevancia para la materialización de los derechos culturales por parte de los Estados.  Con base en los aportes de la antropología y la sociología establecemos una distinción entre una forma de concebir el patrimonio cultural centrada en el folclor y las exigencias del mercado turístico, y otra de carácter más vivencial que subraya la dinamicidad de la cultura, su carácter simbólico y el papel de la memoria. Para ejemplificar esta distinción presentamos algunas ideas surgidas de un ejercicio etnográfico y de observación participante del día de muertos del día 01 al 03 de noviembre de 2018 y 2019, en dos localidades del estado de Oaxaca. Los planteamientos teóricos y los aportes etnográficos nos llevan a subrayar la importancia de tener una concepción más amplia del patrimonio cultural para evitar que los derechos culturales sean reducidos al folclor y a objetos mercantiles.
Pola asuh dan budaya: Studi komparatif antara masyarakat urban dan masyarakat rural Indonesia
Authors: Wiswanti Inge Uli , Kuntoro Ike Anggraika , Ar Rizqi Nisa Praditya , Halim Lathifah
Published: August 2020

Pola asuh memiliki peran yang krusial dalam hampir seluruh aspek perkembangan anak, terutama aspek kognitif, emosi serta sosial. Perbedaan budaya dalam pola asuh, khususnya kemungkinan adanya perbedaan subkultur seperti etnis dan konteks urban serta rural masih jarang dieksplorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah memang terdapat perbedaan pola asuh antar etnis dan antar masyarakat urban (vs. rural) di Indonesia. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah perempuan yang sudah menjadi ibu. Sebanyak 383 perempuan dengan status ibu dari Jabodetabek (N = 204), Magelang/Jawa (N = 101) dan Bukittinggi/Minang (N = 78) berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Hasil utama penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai budaya (kolektivisme dan individualisme) serta praktek pengasuhan (conformity dan autonomy) di daerah urban dan rural. Dimensi kolektivisme, conformity dan autonomy menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan ketika dibandingkan pada tiga wilayah (Jabodetabek, Magelang, dan Bukittinggi). Jabodetabek cenderung lebih tinggi pada dimensi kolektivisme dan autonomy; Magelang pada dimensi conformity. Ketika variabel covariates dikontrol, maka dimensi individualisme menjadi signifikan bersama dengan dimensi kolektivisme, autonomy dan conformity.
Apakah pelatihan keterampilan antarbudaya pada instansi pemerintahan dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas antarbudaya? Peranan nilai lokal gotong royong
Authors: Soedarmadi Yanies Novira
Published: August 2020

Terdapat inkonsistensi pada penelitian sebelumnya mengenai efek pelatihan keterampilan antarbudaya. Penelitian eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan sensitivitas antarbudaya melalui pelatihan keterampilan antarbudaya yang memasukkan materi tentang gotong royong sebagai nilai lokal Indonesia. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 32 orang yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu 16 orang kelompok eksperimen dan 16 orang kelompok kontrol. Pelatihan keterampilan antarbudaya sebagai perlakuan. Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum dan setelah diberi pelatihan. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah skala sensitivitas antarbudaya. Analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan sensitivitas antarbudaya pada kelompok yang mendapatkan pelatihan keterampilan antarbudaya dengan kelompok yang tidak mendapatkan pelatihan (t= 2,063; p = 0,048; p ≤ 0,05). Selisih rerata pada kedua kelompok menunjukkan kelompok yang diberi perlakuan memiliki sensitivitas antarbudaya yang lebih tinggi (rerata = 7,38).
The Coevolution
Authors: Lee Edward Ashford
Published: August 2020

Should digital technology be viewed as a new life form, sharing our ecosystem and coevolving with us?

Are humans defining technology, or is technology defining humans? In this book, Edward Ashford Lee considers the case that we are less in control of the trajectory of technology than we think. It shapes us as much as we shape it, and it may be more defensible to think of technology as the result of a Darwinian coevolution than the result of top-down intelligent design. Richard Dawkins famously said that a chicken is an egg's way of making another egg. Is a human a computer's way of making another computer? To understand this question requires a deep dive into how evolution works, how humans are different from computers, and how the way technology develops resembles the emergence of a new life form on our planet.

Lee presents the case for considering digital beings to be living, then offers counterarguments. What we humans do with our minds is more than computation, and what digital systems do—be teleported at the speed of light, backed up, and restored—may never be possible for humans. To believe that we are simply computations, he argues, is a “dataist” faith and scientifically indefensible. Digital beings depend on humans—and humans depend on digital beings. More likely than a planetary wipe-out of humanity is an ongoing, symbiotic coevolution of culture and technology.
Catching Ourselves in the Act
Authors: Hendriks-Jansen Horst
Published: August 2020

Catching Ourselves in the Act uses situated robotics, ethology, and developmental psychology to erect a new framework for explaining human behavior. Rejecting the cognitive science orthodoxy that formal task-descriptions and their implementation are fundamental to an explanation of mind, Horst Hendriks-Jansen argues for an alternative model based on the notion of interactive emergence.

Situated activity and interactive emergence are concepts that derive from the new discipline of autonomous agent research. Hendriks-Jansen puts these notions on a firm philosophical basis and uses them to anchor a "genetic" or "historical" explanation of mental phenomena in species-typical activity patterns that have been selected by a cultural environment of artifacts, language, and intentional scaffolding by adults. Situated robotics, allied with techniques and principles from ethology, allows the testing of hypotheses framed in terms of natural kinds that can be grounded through the theory of natural selection. This approach negotiates the "nature versus nurture" dispute in a radically new way.

Catching Ourselves in the Act provides a thorough overview of autonomous agent research in America and Europe, focusing in particular on work by such eminent researchers as Rodney Brooks, Pattie Maes, Maja Mataric, and Rolf Pfeifer. It reassesses the basic principles of artificial life and explores the repercussions of autonomous agent research for human psychology and the philosophy of mind, as well as its affinities with the "contextual revolution" in sociology and anthropology.

Bradford Books imprint
DERMS DO 5: A Proposed Curriculum for Dermatologic Training in 5 Osteopathic Competencies
Authors: Giesey Rachel , Kamel Joseph , Delost Gregory , Lloyd Jenifer
Published: August 2020

Dermatology programs seeking osteopathic recognition under the new single graduate medical education (GME) accreditation system are required to demonstrate osteopathic competencies within their teaching curriculum. Although the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has put forth guidelines to obtain osteopathic recognition, ambiguity lingers regarding specialty-specific content that would fulfill these requirements. To date, there are no set curriculum guidelines addressing osteopathic principles within the field of dermatology. In this article, we review the existing literature surrounding key competencies and propose a dermatology-focused educational model, “DERMS (Direct, Empathy, Restore, Mobilize, Senses) DO 5,” to encourage the teaching of osteopathic competencies within GME training programs. Our proposed curriculum model addresses the 5 osteopathic care models and applications of osteopathic manipulative treatment within the realistic realm of dermatology.
Contributions of burning incense on indoor air pollution levels and on the health status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Guo Su-Er , Chi Miao-Ching , Lin Chieh-Mo , Yang Tsung-Ming
Published: August 2020

Background

Among Buddhist or Taoist Taiwanese residents, burning incense is a common source of indoor particulate matter (PM), including PM10 and PM2.5, and can adversely affect the health status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). However, few studies have focused on the effects of intermittent burning of incense on PM concentration levels and the health status of patients with COPD. This correlational cohort study aimed to investigate the association between burning incense exposure duration, indoor air pollution levels, and lung function in patients with COPD in Taiwan.

Methods

We assessed 18 outpatients at seven time points with moderate-to-severe COPD using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and lung function tests. PM level changes were assessed at seven intervals using generalized estimating equations.

Results

Participants were primarily male (84%), with a mean age of 72.1 (standard deviation (SD)  ± 9.3) years, and with a mean COPD duration of 3.7 (SD  ± 3.1) years. Both PM10 and PM2.5 levels were the same as the background levels 1 h after incense burning. Burning incense may not influence lung function or symptom severity in patients with COPD in a short-time period. Air quality returned to baseline levels 1 h after burning incense.

Conclusion

Patients with COPD should avoid staying in rooms where incense is burnt, for up to 1 h. The small sample size and short study period may have influenced our results. Future longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-ups are recommended.
Inverse Analogue of Ailamujia Distribution with Statistical Properties and Applications
Authors: Aijaz Ahmad , Ahmad Afaq , Tripathi Rajnee
Published: August 2020

The present paper deals with the inverse analogue of Ailamujia distribution (IAD). Several statistical properties of the newly developed distribution has been discussed such as moments, moment generating function, survival measures, order statistics, shanon entropy, mode and median .The behavior of probability density function (p.d.f) and cumulative distribution function (c.d.f) are illustrated through graphs. The parameter of the newly developed distribution has been estimated by the well known method of maximum likelihood estimation. The importance of the established distribution has been shown through two real life data.
Impact of Environment on Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Response to Acetone Extract of Gnidia kaussiana Meisn (Thymeleaceae) and Ocimum canum Sims (Lamiaceae) Botanical Insecticides
Authors: Kosini D. , Nukenine E. N. , Tofel K. H. , Goudoungou J. W. , Langsi D. J. , Adamou M. , Abdou J. P. , Djafsia B. , Ndouwe H. M. T.
Published: August 2020

The response of pests to the effects of a botanical insecticide can vary spatially and temporally. To test whether efficacy of botanicals differed spatially, the insecticidal efficacy of Gnidia kaussiana and Ocimum canum against Callosobruchus maculatus was investigated in two different agro-ecological zones of Cameroon, i.e. Maroua and Ngaoundéré (sudano-sahelian and sudano-guinean zones, respectively). Experiments were, therefore, conducted to determine the insect mortality, progeny production, grain damage and weight loss in cowpea. G. kaussiana was more effective against C. maculatus in Maroua (LD50 = 0.12 g/kg at 6th day of exposure) than in Ngaoundéré (LD50 = 4.35 g/kg at 6th day of exposure). Moreover, it was more toxic than O. canum extract and neem seed oil (reference), irrespective to the agro-ecological zones. Overall, the performance of O. canum did not vary significantly between the two zones, and was slightly more active (LD50 = 4.66 g/kg) than the reference insecticide neem seed oil (LD50 = 4.89 g/kg) in Ngaoundéré in contrast to the results recoded in Maroua (LD50 = 1.44 g/kg and 2.60 g/kg, respectively for neem seed oil and O. canum at 6 days post exposure). In view of the above, there were some discrepancies in extract performance between Maroua and Ngaoundéré. Thus, the establishment of dose rates of insecticidal products formulated from G. kaussiana must be specific to an environment in contrast to those from O. canum.