bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A finite element/volume method model of the depth‐averaged horizontally 2D shallow water equations
Authors: Yoshioka Hidekazu , Unami Koichi , Fujihara Masayuki
Published: January 2014

Analysis of surface water flows is of central importance in understanding and predicting a wide range of water engineering issues. Dynamics of surface water is reasonably well described using the shallow water equations (SWEs) with the hydrostatic pressure assumption. The SWEs are nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations that are in general required to be solved numerically. Application of a simple and efficient numerical model is desirable for solving the SWEs in practical problems. This study develops a new numerical model of the depth‐averaged horizontally 2D SWEs referred to as 2D finite element/volume method (2D FEVM) model. The continuity equation is solved with the conforming, standard Galerkin FEM scheme and momentum equations with an upwind, cell‐centered finite volume method scheme, utilizing the water surface elevation and the line discharges as unknowns aligned in a staggered manner. The 2D FEVM model relies on neither Riemann solvers nor high‐resolution algorithms in order to serve as a simple numerical model. Water at a rest state is exactly preserved in the model. A fully explicit temporal integration is achieved in the model using an efficient approximate matrix inversion method. A series of test problems, containing three benchmark problems and three experiments of transcritical flows, are carried out to assess accuracy and versatility of the model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
wPMLG‐5 Spectroscopy of Self‐Aggregated BChl e in Natural Chlorosomes of Chlorobaculum Limnaeum
Authors: Miloslavina Yuliya , Gupta Karthick Babu Sai Sankar , Tank Marcus , Bryant Donald A. , de Groot Huub J. M.
Published: January 2014

1H magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), employing rapid spinning and the wPMLG‐5 pulse sequence, was used to explore the possibility for performing 1H solid state NMR of a light‐harvesting organelle, the chlorosome antenna of Chlorobaculum limnaeum. This natural antenna system is built from bacteriochlorophyll e (BChl e) molecules that are self‐assembled to form a supramolecular scaffold for in vivo harvesting of light. We present preliminary data on this chlorosome species and address the feasibility of performing wPMLG spectroscopy, in terms of high power irradiation on a fragile biological sample. In parallel, enhancing the 1H shift dispersion from the magnetic field can help to resolve signals from protons that resonate downfield. Different line narrowing mechanisms operating in parallel provide access to resolving selected 1H signals collected from the moderately sized and chemically diverse BChl e molecular motif in the chlorosome scaffold. These discoveries will be helpful for future studies of structural and functional characteristics of self‐assembled natural and artificial light‐harvesting molecules.
Ascorbic Acid Synergistically Potentiates Phloxine B‐induced Photocytotoxicity in Human Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Qi Hang , Wu Qian , Abe Naomi , Saiki Shunya , Zhu Beiwei , Murata Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Yoshimasa
Published: January 2014

Ascorbic acid (AsA) is known as an antioxidant but concomitantly possesses a pro‐oxidant property. Because the impact of AsA on photodynamic therapy response is unclear, we investigated the effect of AsA on photocytotoxicity induced by phloxine B in human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL‐60 cells. AsA synergistically enhanced phloxine B‐induced photocytotoxic effects, including inhibition of cell proliferation, DNA ladder formation, and caspase‐3 activation, whereas AsA itself showed no photocytotoxicity. AsA also enhanced the consumption of the reduced glutathione level compared with the cells treated with phloxine B alone under the light condition. Combination of AsA with phloxine B under the light condition enhanced the phosphorylation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). These effects were completely cancelled by catalase. These results suggest that AsA synergistically enhances phloxine B‐induced photocytotoxicity, possibly through the extracellular oxidative stress‐dependent MAPK pathway activation.
Breast milk concentrations of amiodarone, desethylamiodarone, and bisoprolol following short‐term drug exposure: Two case reports
Authors: Khurana Rshmi , Bin Jardan Yousef A. , Wilkie Jodi , Brocks Dion R.
Published: January 2014

Two cases of mothers given postpartum short‐term administration of amiodarone, with and without bisoprolol, are described along with determinations of amiodarone and (±)‐bisoprolol in the breast milk. In one mother given a cumulative total of amiodarone of 8 g over 1 week, concentrations 11 days after the drug had been stopped were initially deemed sufficient to pose a risk to an infant. Over the next 5 days the concentrations steadily dropped with amiodarone and desethylamiodarone concentrations being found to be at a level comprising minimal risk to the infant. Bisoprolol was not found in the expressed breast milk. In the second case the mother was given a single 150 mg dose of amiodarone and breast milk concentrations were measured on postpartum days 4 and 5. Breast milk amiodarone concentrations were very low and of little concern clinically had the mother breast fed her baby. The risk to the baby of ingesting breast milk after amiodarone administration postpartum depends on the duration of amiodarone exposure, with a single dose posing minimal risk. Bisoprolol does not appear to accumulate to any great extent in breast milk.
Phylogenetic analysis provides evidence of interactions between Italian heterosexual and South American homosexual males as the main source of national HIV‐1 subtype C epidemics
Authors: Lai Alessia , Bozzi Giorgio , Franzetti Marco , Binda Francesca , Simonetti Francesco R , Micheli Valeria , Meraviglia Paola , Corsi Paola , Bagnarelli Patrizia , De Luca Andrea , Ciccozzi Massimo , Zehender Gianguglielmo , Zazzi Maurizio , Balotta Claudia
Published: January 2014

The HIV‐1 clade C is prevalent worldwide and spread from Africa to South East Asia and South America early in the course of the epidemic. As a consequence of migration waves about 13% of the Italian HIV‐1 epidemic is sustained by this clade. Two hundred fifty‐four C pol sequences from the Italian ARCA database collected during 1997–2011 were analyzed. Epidemiological networks and geographical fluxes were identified through phylogeny using Bayesian approaches. Patients' country of origin was Italy, Africa, South America, and South East Asia for 44.9%, 23.6%, 4.7%, and 1.6%, respectively. Heterosexuals and men having sex with men accounted for 83.2% and 16.8%, respectively. Modality of infection was distributed differently: heterosexuals were largely prevalent among Italians (84.1%) and Africans (95.3%), while men having sex with men predominated among South Americans (66.7%). Eight significant clusters encompassing 111 patients (43.7%) were identified. Comparison between clustering and non‐clustering patients indicated significant differences in country of origin, modality of infection and gender. Men having sex with men were associated to a higher probability to be included in networks (70% for men having sex with men vs. 30.3% for heterosexuals). Phylogeography highlighted two significant groups. One contained Indian strains and the second encompassed South Americans and almost all Italian strains. Phylogeography indicated that the spread of C subtype among Italians is related to South American variant. Although Italian patients mainly reported themselves as heterosexuals, homo‐bisexual contacts were likely their source of infection. Phylogenetic monitoring is warranted to guide public health interventions aimed at controlling HIV infection. J. Med. Virol. 86:729–736, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Miniaturized molecularly imprinted polymer extraction method for the gas chromatographic analysis of flavonoids
Authors: Nolvachai Yada , Kulsing Chadin , Boysen Reinhard I. , Hearn Milton T.W. , Marriott Philip J.
Published: January 2014

In this study, the use of monolithic molecularly imprinted polymers in a micropipette tip format allowing the simple and fast extraction of flavonoids from standard solutions and a black tea sample is demonstrated. The imprinted polymer employed quercetin, methacrylic acid or 4‐vinylpyridine, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as template, functional monomer, and cross‐linker, respectively. Surface morphologies of the quercetin‐imprinted polymers and the corresponding nonimprinted polymers were characterized by SEM. Extraction of flavonoid standards was performed to evaluate the selectivity and recovery with these imprinted and nonimprinted polymers. Flavonoid compositions in aliquots eluted from the tips were identified using fast GC with flame ionization detection. Maximum specific capacities of 0.2, 5.7, and 16.0 mg/g for catechin, morin, and quercetin, respectively, were obtained with the imprinted polymer prepared with methacrylic acid, with the corresponding recoveries of 99.8, 98.8, and 95.4%, respectively. Efficient extraction by the quercetin‐imprinted polymer of epicatechin, catechin, and quercetin from an apple‐flavored black tea sample was achieved, with GC–MS employed for compound identification for both the tea and extracted samples.
Resolving overlapping GC–MS signals with a multistep screening chemometric approach for the fast determination of pesticides
Authors: Wu Xi , Cai Wensheng , Shao Xueguang
Published: January 2014

For the rapid analysis of multicomponent mixtures using GC–MS, a chemometric multistep screening approach was proposed to extract the signals of the components from the overlapping signals measured with a very fast temperature program. At first, independent component analysis was used to find all the possible mass spectra from the overlapping signal in the moving windows along the retention time, and iterative target transformation factor analysis was employed to validate the existence of the extracted spectra from each window. Then, identical signals in the validated spectra were excluded using match ratio as a criterion. Finally, the chromatographic profiles for each spectrum were calculated using non‐negative immune algorithm, and the spectra with a reasonable profile were taken as the identified components. A mixture of 53 pesticides was analyzed with a very fast temperature program of 7 min. A total of 48 pesticides and 16 interferences were identified from the overlapping GC–MS signal.
A Changing Landscape
Authors: Neubacher Saskia
Published: January 2014

No Abstract
Highly Specific Probe for Ferric Ions in Aqueous Solution Based on 5, 6‐Dicarboxy‐3H‐benzoimidazol‐1‐ium Nitrate
Authors: Zhou Zhengyuan , Shih Kaimin , Cai Yue‐Peng , Szeto Lap , Wong Wing‐Tak
Published: January 2014

The organic compound, 5, 6‐dicarboxy‐3H‐benzoimidazol‐1‐ium nitrate (Hdcbii·NO3) (1), was synthesized by the reaction of 1H‐benzoimidazole‐5, 6‐dicarboxylate (Hbidc) with nitric acid under hydrothermal conditions. The crystal structure of the compound shows abundant hydrogen bonds and π···π stacking interactions revealed by X‐ray single crystal diffraction and FT‐IR spectroscopy. This compound has high selectivity for ferric (Fe3+) ions in aqueous solution and shows strong potential for application as a fluorescent probe for ferric ions.
Hierarchically Structured MCM‐41 Silica Beads via Nanocasting in Combination with “Pore‐protected” Pseudomorphic Transformation
Authors: Küster Christian , Reinhardt Björn , Fröba Michael , Enke Dirk
Published: January 2014

The following study discusses the synthesis of macroporous glass beads, featuring variable pore sizes, and their application as starting material for a double templating route according to the nanocasting principle. In the first step, the initial porous glass was filled with the carbon precursor, a mesophase pitch, which after the subsequent carbonization and dissolution of the glass matrix results in an inverse macroporous carbon replica. Afterwards, the carbon beads were filled with amorphous silica by a typical sol‐gel‐process. The next step can be divided into two phases. The silica gel phase was first “structured” inside the macropores of the inverse carbon replica by converting it into an ordered mesoporous phase via pseudomorphic transformation. This process demanded alkaline conditions and a surfactant, that finally converts the silica into hierarchically structured beads with the dimension and the pores of the initial glass and MCM‐41 pores inside the walls. The final step comprised the template removal via calcination. The obtained materials were characterized by mercury intrusion, nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray powder diffraction and particle size analysis. In comparison to the previously reported approaches, the new method allows a higher flexibility in the texture properties of the resulting hierarchically structured materials including a variable ratio between ordered mesopores and additional macropores by parallel control of the total porosity and wall thickness in the starting porous glass.
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas as Adsorbents of Toxic Trace Gases out of the Ambient Air
Authors: Martens Sven , Ortmann Roman , Brieler Felix J. , Pasel Christoph , Joo Lee Young , Bathen Dieter , Fröba Michael
Published: January 2014

New periodic mesoporous organosilicas were synthesized using [bis(triethoxysilyl)vinyl]aniline (BTEVA) and [bis(triethoxysilyl)vinyl]benzene (BTEVB) as precursors and by functionalizing the BTEVA PMO with aminopropyl groups. All PMO materials showed a high degree of hexagonal order in the respective P‐XRDs as well as high surface areas with narrow pore size distributions. The PMOs together with activated carbon were investigated with regards to their hexanal adsorption capacity in a gravimetric apparatus with an attached GC‐MS. For the amine PMOs two different regions during adsorption were found. In the first region loadings in the range of 30 wt% were reached by a fast adsorption process. In the second region the loading reached 50 wt% but with slower kinetics. In desorption experiments up to 150 °C the loading decreased from 50 wt% to 30 wt%, where an equilibrium state was observed. With GC‐MS and NMR the first region could be assigned to a chemisorption process, where the hexanal forms an imine group with the amine function in a Schiff base reaction. The subsequent second region can be assigned to weaker and thus reversible physisorption. The total capacity (first and second region) is substantially higher for the amine PMOs than for the activated carbon. Due to the chemical bonding in the chemisorption process, the desorption behavior is completely different: compared to the activated carbon the bonding of hexanal is much stronger for the amine PMOs.
Metal Coordination Polymers of 2,3‐Bisimidazol‐1‐ylquin­oxaline: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties
Authors: Zhu Wen , Xia Chang‐Kun , Wu Yun‐Long , Xie Ji‐Min
Published: January 2014

Three new metal‐organic coordination polymers, namely, [Zn(μ2‐BiImQuin)(OAc)2]·H2O (1), [Zn(μ2‐BiImQuin)2(H2O)2]2·4Cl·H2O (2), and [Mn(μ2‐BiImQuin)2(N3)2]·4H2O (3) were prepared by reaction of the corresponding transition metal salt with new rigid ligand 2,3‐bisimidazol‐1‐ylquinoxaline (L) with diffusion or solution methods (BiImQuin = 2,3‐bisimidazol‐1‐ylquinoxaline). All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGA, PXRD, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction determination. A one‐dimensional single chain was observed in complex 1, however one‐dimensional bead‐like double chains were observed in complexes 2 and 3. In the three complexes, the rigid didentate ligands bridged the metal ions into similar “zigzag” chain, and two “zigzag” chains are arranged into bead‐like double chain in complexes 2 and 3, where each metal ion is coordinated with four different didentate BiImQuin rather than two. On the other hand, the anions do great influence on the final supramolecular structure through coordination behavior and hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The complexes 1 and 2 display strong room temperature photoluminescence in visible region, which may be assigned to ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer.
More of the “Fullercages”
Authors: Dshemuchadse Julia , Steurer Walter
Published: January 2014

All complex intermetallic phases have been searched for their structural building principles, in particular for the occurrence of fullercages, i.e., fullerene‐like cluster shells. The diversity of inter‐metallics featuring compounds of this kind is discussed as well as the geometrical building principles characteristic for their endohedral constituting clusters. Typically, the core cluster corresponds to a polyhedron of the Frank‐Kasper (FK) type, which is surrounded by a fullerene‐like shell dual to it. The next cluster shell is again a FK polyhedron followed by a fullerene‐like shell, and this can be repeated. The chemical composition of these complex intermetallics (CIMs) is quite diverse, mostly combining electropositive elements from groups 1–4 with electronegative elements of groups 7–14, for instance Li‐Ga or RE‐Cd (RE = rare earth element). However, also less‐common combinations from elements of groups 1 and 2, such as Li‐Ba, or from groups 11 and 12, such as Cu‐Cd, are known.
Survival of motor neuron protein downregulates miR‐9 expression in patients with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Wang Li‐Ting , Chiou Shyh‐Shin , Liao Yu‐Mei , Jong Yuh‐Jyh , Hsu Shih‐Hsien
Published: January 2014

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a lethal hereditary disease caused by homozygous absence of the survival of the motor neuron (SMN) 1 gene (SMN1), and it is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. The severity of SMA is directly correlated with SMN protein levels in affected patients; however, the cellular regulatory mechanisms for SMN protein expression are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effects between SMN expression and miR‐9a, a downstream noncoding small RNA. Using an inducible SMN short hairpin RNA interference (shRNAi) system in NSC 34 and human skin fibroblast cells, cellular miR‐9 levels and SMN protein repression were time‐dependently upregulated. Conversely, cellular miR‐9 levels decreased when HeLa cells were transfected with SMN protein fused with green fluorescent protein. In SMA‐like mice spinal cords and human primary skin fibroblasts isolated from patients with different degrees of SMA, human SMN exhibited a disease severity‐dependent decrease, whereas cellular miR‐9 levels increased. These results clearly suggested that cellular SMN proteins regulated miR‐9 expression and that miR‐9 expression was related to SMA severity. Thus, miR‐9 may be a marker for SMA prognosis.
Pre-Birth Factors, Post-Birth Factors, and Voting: Evidence from Swedish Adoption Data
Authors: CESARINI DAVID , JOHANNESSON MAGNUS , OSKARSSON SVEN
Published: January 2014

This article analyzes a rich Swedish data set with information on the electoral turnout of a large sample of adoptees, their siblings, their adoptive parents, and their biological parents. We use a simple regression framework to decompose the parent-child resemblance in voting into pre-birth factors, measured by biological parents’ voting, and post-birth factors, measured by adoptive parents’ voting. Adoptees are more likely to vote if their biological parents were voters and if they were assigned to families in which the adoptive parents vote. We find evidence of interactions between the pre- and post-birth factors: the effect of the post-birth environment on turnout is greater amongst adoptees whose biological mothers are nonvoters. We also show that the relationships between parental characteristics, such as education, and child turnout, persist even in the absence of a genetic link between parent and child. The regression-based framework we utilize provides a basis for the integration of behavior-genetic research into mainstream political science.
Lot's Wife on the Border
Authors: Leyerle Blake
Published: January 2014

In January or February of 384c.e., the Christian pilgrim known to us as Egeria left Jerusalem, where she had been based, and headed east. According to her own account, she felt impelled by God to climb Mount Nebo. With her traveled “some holy men from Jerusalem, a presbyter and deacons, and several brothers (monks).” The trip, which took them through Jericho and Livias, went very well. Her guides were able to point out further local sites, and, after some instructive detours, they reached their goal. Mount Nebo was high and steep, but the group of pilgrims, now swollen in number by the addition of local monks, made the climb successfully. Close to the summit they found a church commemorating the site of Moses's death. After a short service consisting of readings from Scripture and prayers, the local holy men asked Egeria if she would like to see “the places which are described in the Books of Moses.” This proposal “delighted” her, and together they climbed up to the actual summit.
Creating Value by Changing the Old Guard: The Impact of Controlling Shareholder Heterogeneity on Firm Performance and Corporate Policies
Authors: Deng Hua , Moshirian Fariborz , Pham Peter Kien , Zein Jason
Published: January 2014

Theory suggests that controlling shareholders can influence firm value through both shared benefits creation and private benefits consumption. Using negotiated control-block transfers from 31 countries, we look beyond ownership concentration and investigate how controlling shareholder heterogeneity influences the relative importance of these two effects. We document that a control transfer precipitates positive firm outcomes particularly when the vendor has maintained control over an extended period and the acquirer displays a strong incentive to engage in restructuring. In such cases, we observe a sustained positive price reaction, more focused corporate investments, lower leverage, higher operating efficiency, and superior long-term performance.
Less specific recovery strategy targets for threatened and non-charismatic species at risk in Canada
Authors: Théberge Elysabeth , Nocera Joseph J.
Published: January 2014

Recovery strategies for species at risk have been criticized for a lack of specificity (i.e. measurable and quantifiable criteria) as well as for taxonomic biases, both of which may ultimately affect species’ recovery. However, it is unknown whether the clarity and specificity of written statements within recovery strategies can also influence recovery efforts for certain species at risk. To assess this we examined the variation in semantic uncertainty in the target statements of recovery strategies for Canadian species at risk at the federal and provincial levels. We quantified the lexical density and readability of recovery target statements and examined them for differences according to taxonomic grouping, jurisdiction and degree of endangerment. Recovery statements for the category threatened species had greater semantic uncertainty than those for higher (endangered) and lower (special concern) categories, which is likely to be a function of the fact that threatened species are less abundant than special concern species but are subject to greater errors in population estimates than endangered species. We also found that recovery statements for non-charismatic species (e.g. plants and invertebrates) had greater semantic uncertainty than those for other taxa, which may be related to the resources available for studying and conserving them. Our results suggest a need for greater specificity in recovery targets for threatened and non-charismatic species, and that more focused data collection on these species’ populations is warranted.
Kant and the ‘Monstrous’ Ground of Possibility: A Reply to Abaci and Yong
Authors: Chignell Andrew
Published: January 2014

I reply to recent criticisms by Uygar Abaci and Peter Yong, among others, of my reading of Kant's pre-Critical ‘possibility proof’ of God's existence, and of its fate in the Critical period. Along the way I discuss some implications of this debate for our understanding of Kant's modal metaphysics and modal epistemology generally.
Transcendental Apperception: Consciousness or Self-Consciousness? Comments on Chapter 9 of Patricia Kitcher'sKant's Thinker
Authors: Busse Ralf
Published: January 2014

A core thesis of Kitcher's is that thinking about objects requires awareness of necessary connections between one's object-directed representations ‘as such’ and that this is what Kant means by the transcendental unity of apperception. I argue that Kant's main point is the spontaneity or ‘self-made-ness’ of combination rather than the requirement of reflexive awareness of combination, that Kitcher provides no plausible account of how recognition of representations ‘as such’ should be constituted and that in fact Kant himself appears to lack the theoretical resources to clearly distinguish between (first-level) consciousness and self-consciousness or apperception properly so-called.
Must equal mean identical? Same-sex couples and marriage
Authors: Leckey Robert
Published: January 2014

This paper pushes against the successful rhetoric of formal equality by which same-sex couples are the same as different-sex couples and opening existing regimes of marriage to them best recognises their equal moral worth. Drawing on social science research that indicates differences in the economic organisation of same-sex couples, the paper explores the possibility that a different marriage regime for the spouses' reciprocal duties might combine recognition of their equal moral worth with sensitivity to their needs. The study sharpens the understanding of contemporary investments in marriage law for everyone and offers a better justification for formal equality: same-sex couples may be treated identically to different-sex couples not because they are the same, but despite their differences.
Respect for human dignity as ‘substantive basic norm’
Authors: Neal Mary
Published: January 2014

The idea of ‘human dignity’ is, notoriously, as ambiguous as it is compelling. Notwithstanding the absence of any clear or settled definition of human dignity, either in the abstract or in terms of what it means in practice, it is an idea which takes pride of place in international legal documents, in judicial reasoning, and in scholarship across a range of disciplines, where it seems, particularly in recent years, to have become the focus for an explosion of academic interest and an accompanying proliferation of literature. Much of the existing literature attempts to uncover the meaning, or multiple meanings, of ‘human dignity’, focusing on the uncertainty surrounding the substance or content of the idea and trying to compose a catalogue of use-types. In this paper, my primary aim will be to address another type of uncertainty, namely uncertainty about the role, function or status within legal frameworks of the ‘dignity norm’ – the norm requiring respect for human dignity. I want to explore several possibilities: first, that the dignity norm is simply a proxy for respect for autonomy; second, that it is a right in the sense that we can speak of a specific ‘right to have dignity respected’; and third, that it is a legal principle. Having problematised each of these in turn, I will contend that the function of the dignity norm is best captured by describing it as the ‘substantive basic norm’ of the legal systems wherein it appears.
„Wie heißt das… Citta… weißt du… am Ende sieht man alles”
Authors: Bettag Laura
Published: January 2014

Eine ehemalige Bühnentänzerin ergründet die Phasen ihres Selbstfindungsprozesses anhand einer autobiografischen Choreografie. Sie spürt dabeiwichtigen und teils kritischen Lebensereignissenselbst tanzend nach. Die tänzerischen, choreografischen und verbalen Reflexionen bergen Ansätze zur Selbsttranszendenz. Es zeigt sich die Notwendigkeit, nicht nur die Biografie der Künstlerin zu befragen, sondern auch das zur Erkenntnis geeignete künstlerische System zu untersuchen. Vor dem Hintergrund des Transzendenzbegriffes der Philosophie kann der gesamte Schaffensprozess als labyrinthisch gedeutet werden. Dabei versteht sie ihr Werk wie ihr Leben als selbst zu fügendes Puzzle, aus dem die Zukunft erwächst. Zum einen ordnet sie die Lebenszeit aller im Stück vorkommenden Personen nach Generationen. Zum anderen wird ihr die temporäre Gültigkeit ihrer Selbstbegegnung in einer sich stets verändernden Umwelt bewusster. Das bedeutet für sie auch Loslösung vom Bühnentanz zugunslen noch zu erschließender Ressourcen im privaten Umfeld, asiatischer Spiritualität sowie tanzpädagogisch einsetzbarer Werte. Die vorgestellte Verbindung von Transzendenz und deren Materialisierung in der Choreografie bietet in seinen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einen selbstsorgenden Beitrag zum Gesundheitsmanagement in den tanzbezogenen Berufen.
Usefulness of the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC) for the Assessment of Social Cognition in Preschoolers
Authors: de la Osa Nuria , Granero Roser , Penelo Eva , Ezpeleta Lourdes
Published: January 2014

This study provides data on the usefulness of the Spanish version of the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC; Skuse et al., 1997 ), in terms of the validity and reliability of derived scores. Data were obtained from parents’ interviews and parents’ and teachers’ questionnaires that measured different psychological variables from a community sample of 579 (291 boys and 288 girls), 5-year-old children. These children were tested to assess their intellectual capacity. Confirmatory factor analyses yield a one-dimensional structure invariant across sex within each informant (parents or teachers), with negligible latent mean differences between boys and girls for both informants (parents-teachers). The internal consistency was satisfactory (alpha values ≥ .85 for teacher version and ≥ .75 for parent version). SCDC scores correlated with specific scales related to developmental problems, aggressive behavior, executive functioning, and uncaring behavior toward others. SCDC scores were unrelated to intelligence quotient, whereas SCDC scores were associated with the presence of disruptive disorders, measured with diagnostic interview. Results provide evidence on reliability and validity of SCDC scores, which is potentially a useful measure for the study of social cognition and its relationship with preschool adjustment.
Amino acid-based multiresponsive low-molecular weight metallohydrogels with load-bearing and rapid self-healing abilities
Authors: Saha Subhadeep , Bachl Jürgen , Kundu Tanay , Díaz Díaz David , Banerjee Rahul
Published: January 2014

A unique low-molecular weight metallohydrogel (ZAVP) has been synthesized from zinc acetate and an amino acid derived ligand which shows efficient load-bearing and self-healing properties. The material also shows an uncommon multiresponsive behavior.
On the selective cleavage of nitrous oxide by metal–amide complexes
Authors: Cavigliasso G. , Criddle A. , Kim H.-S. , Stranger R. , Yates B. F.
Published: January 2014

The remarkable selective cleavage of nitrous oxide by metal–amide systems, involving a bimetallic mechanism, has been investigated using computational methodology and rationalized on the basis of the interplay of structural and bonding factors.
Nitrogen-based alternative fuel: an environmentally friendly combustion approach
Authors: Dana Alon Grinberg , Shter Gennady E. , Grader Gideon S.
Published: January 2014

We report here on a continuous combustion of a low carbon nitrogen-based alternative fuel.
Improving the fluorescence detection limit with positively charged carbon nanostructures as a low background signal platform
Authors: He Xiulan , Zhang Li , Qi Hetong , Yu Ping , Fei Junjie , Mao Lanqun
Published: January 2014

We have demonstrated a new strategy to improve the fluorescence detection limit by enhancing the energy transfer efficiency between carbon structures and fluorescent dyes using polyimidazolium-functionalized carbon nanostructures as a low background signal platform.
Process optimization of cellulase production from alkali-treated coffee pulp and pineapple waste using Acinetobacter sp. TSK-MASC
Authors: Selvam Kandasamy , Govarthanan Muthusamy , Kamala-Kannan Seralathan , Govindharaju Munisamy , Senthilkumar Balakrishnan , Selvankumar Thangasamy , Sengottaiyan Arumugam
Published: January 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the mixed combination of coffee pulp waste (CPW) and pineapple waste (PW) residues for cellulase production using newly isolated Acinetobacter sp.
Parameter‐adjustable piecewise exponential companding scheme for peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems
Authors: Hu Meixia , Li Yongzhao , Liu Yi , Zhang Hailin
Published: January 2014

High peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) is a major drawback of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. A new companding scheme is proposed to reduce PAPR by transforming the statistics of the companded signal into exponential distribution with adjustable parameters. The proposed scheme can enhance the bit error rate (BER) performance significantly by minimising the companding distortion in the reduction of PAPR. Moreover, with the introduction of an inflexion point and transform parameters, the proposed scheme can offer more flexibility in the PAPR reduction, and therefore achieves a better tradeoff among the PAPR reduction, BER and power spectral density (PSD) performance. With a theoretical analysis presented, the parameter selection criteria are derived. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the BER and PSD performance while reducing PAPR effectively.
Low-cost electrochemical treatment of indium tin oxide anodes for high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Hui Cheng Chuan , Shan Liang Ze , Tong Du Guo , Gang Wang Li , Dong Gao Guo , Zhou Ting , Ming Bian Ji , Min Luo Ying
Published: January 2014

We demonstrate a simple low-cost approach as an alternative to conventional O2 plasma treatment to modify the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes for use in organic light-emitting diodes. ITO is functionalized with F− ions by electrochemical treatment in dilute hydrofluoric acid. An electrode with a work function of 5.2 eV is achieved following fluorination. Using this electrode, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 26.0% (91 cd/A, 102 lm/W) is obtained, which is 12% higher than that of a device using the O2 plasma-treated ITO. Fluorination also increases the transparency in the near-infrared region.
Unification of algorithms for minimum mode optimization
Authors: Zeng Yi , Xiao Penghao , Henkelman Graeme
Published: January 2014

Minimum mode following algorithms are widely used for saddle point searching in chemical and material systems. Common to these algorithms is a component to find the minimum curvature mode of the second derivative, or Hessian matrix. Several methods, including Lanczos, dimer, Rayleigh-Ritz minimization, shifted power iteration, and locally optimal block preconditioned conjugate gradient, have been proposed for this purpose. Each of these methods finds the lowest curvature mode iteratively without calculating the Hessian matrix, since the full matrix calculation is prohibitively expensive in the high dimensional spaces of interest. Here we unify these iterative methods in the same theoretical framework using the concept of the Krylov subspace. The Lanczos method finds the lowest eigenvalue in a Krylov subspace of increasing size, while the other methods search in a smaller subspace spanned by the set of previous search directions. We show that these smaller subspaces are contained within the Krylov space for which the Lanczos method explicitly finds the lowest curvature mode, and hence the theoretical efficiency of the minimum mode finding methods are bounded by the Lanczos method. Numerical tests demonstrate that the dimer method combined with second-order optimizers approaches but does not exceed the efficiency of the Lanczos method for minimum mode optimization.
Interaction of photosensitive surfactant with DNA and poly acrylic acid
Authors: Zakrevskyy Yuriy , Cywinski Piotr , Cywinska Magdalena , Paasche Jens , Lomadze Nino , Reich Oliver , Löhmannsröben Hans-Gerd , Santer Svetlana
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we investigate interactions and phase transitions in polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes formed between a cationic azobenzene-containing surfactant and two types of polyelectrolytes: natural (DNA) or synthetic (PAA: poly acrylic acid). The construction of a phase diagram allowed distancing between four major phases: extended coil conformation, colloidally stable compacted globules, colloidal instability range, and surfactant-stabilized compact state. Investigation on the complexes’ properties in different phases and under irradiation with UV light provides information about the role of the surfactant's hydrophobic trans isomers both in the formation and destruction of DNA and PAA globules as well as in their colloidal stabilization. The trans isomer shows much stronger affinity to the polyelectrolytes than the hydrophilic cis counterpart. There is no need for complete compensation of the polyelectrolyte charges to reach the complete compaction. On contrary to the findings previously reported in the literature, we demonstrate – for the first time – complete polyelectrolyte compaction which occurs already at 20% of DNA (and at 50% of PAA) charge compensation. The trans isomer plays the main role in the compaction. The aggregation between azobenzene units in the photosensitive surfactant is a driving force of this process. The decompaction can be realized during UV light irradiation and is strongly influenced by the interplay between surfactant-surfactant and surfactant-DNA interactions in the compacted globules.
Diameter-selective alignment of carbon nanotubes on Si(001) stepped surfaces
Authors: Enkhtaivan Batnyam , Yoshimura Masahide , Iwata Jun-Ichi , Oshiyama Atsushi
Published: January 2014

We report total-energy electronic-structure calculations based on the density-functional theory that provide stable adsorption sites, structural characteristics, and energy bands of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) adsorbed on the Si(001) stepped surfaces. We choose (5,5), (9,9), and (13,13) armchair CNTs with the diameters of 6.8 Å, 12.2 Å, and 17.6 Å, respectively, as representatives of CNTs and explore all the possible adsorption sites either on the terrace or at step edges. We find that the (9,9) CNT is most favorably adsorbed at the edge of the double-layer step DB along the ⟨110⟩ direction, whereas the (5,5) and (13,13) CNTs favor the terrace site where the CNTs are perpendicular to the Si dimer rows. This finding is indicative of the diameter-selective self-organized alignment of CNTs by exploiting the Si surface steps along the particular direction. We also find that the electronic structure of each CNT is modified upon adsorption depending on the adsorption site and the diameter of the CNTs. In particular, the (9,9) CNT at the most stable step edge site becomes semiconducting and the resultant valence and conduction bands exhibit nearly linear dispersion with the effective mass of 0.085 m0 (m0: bare electron mass), preserving the characteristics of the Dirac electrons. We also find that the flat bands appear near the Fermi level (EF) when the (13,13) CNT is adsorbed at the metastable DB step edge, inferring that spin polarization is possible for the CNT on the Si(001) stepped surface.
Fluidized-bed atomic layer deposition reactor for the synthesis of core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Didden Arjen P. , Middelkoop Joost , Besling Wim F. A. , Nanu Diana E. , van de Krol Roel
Published: January 2014

The design of a fluidized bed atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor is described in detail. The reactor consists of three parts that have all been placed in one protective cabinet: precursor dosing, reactor, and residual gas treatment section. In the precursor dosing section, the chemicals needed for the ALD reaction are injected into the carrier gas using different methods for different precursors. The reactor section is designed in such a way that a homogeneous fluidized bed can be obtained with a constant, actively controlled, reactor pressure. Furthermore, no filters are required inside the reactor chamber, minimizing the risk of pressure increase due to fouling. The residual gas treatment section consists of a decomposition furnace to remove residual precursor and a particle filter and is installed to protect the pump. In order to demonstrate the performance of the reactor, SiO2 particles have been coated with TiO2 using tetrakis-dimethylamino titanium (TDMAT) and H2O as precursors. Experiments with varying pulse times show that saturated growth can be obtained with TDMAT pulse times larger than 600 s. Analysis of the powder with High-Angle Annular Dark-Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that after 50 cycles, all SiO2 particles were coated with a 1.6 nm homogenous shell of TiO2.
Correlation between medium-range order structure and glass-forming ability for Al-based metallic glasses
Authors: Wu N. C. , Yan M. , Zuo L. , Wang J. Q.
Published: January 2014

To clarify the correlation of medium-range order (MRO) structure with glass forming ability (GFA) of Al-based metallic glasses, Al86Ni14-aYa (a = 2∼9 at. %) metallic glasses were analyzed by x-ray diffraction in detail and further verified by synchrotron high-energy x-ray diffraction. The prepeak that reflects the MRO structural evolution was found to be much sensitive to alloy composition. We have proposed an icosahedral supercluster MRO structure model in Al-TM (transition metal)-RE (rare earth metal) system, which consists of 12 RE(TM)-centered clusters on the vertex of icosahedral supercluster, one RE(TM)-centered clusters in the center, and TM(RE) atoms located at RE(TM)-centered cluster tetrahedral interstices in the icosahedral supercluster. It was indicated that the MRO structural stability mainly depends on the interaction of efficient dense packing and electrochemical potential equalization principle. The Al86Ni9Y(La)5 alloys present good GFA due to the combination of the two structural factors.
A futuristic approach towards interface layer modifications for improved efficiency in inverted organic solar cells
Authors: Tiwari J. P. , Pillai Sriraj , Parakh Sonal , Ali Farman , Sharma Abhishek , Chand Suresh
Published: January 2014

Inverted polymer Solar Cells of the classical poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):(6,6)-phenyl-C61butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) blend on indium tin oxide substrates were fabricated, which shows improved device performance, by using a facile solution–processed ZnO-polyelectrolytes [poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), Poly (acrylic acid sodium salt) (PAS), poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS), and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)] nanocomposite as a cathode interface layer compared to devices using pristine ZnO as cathode buffer layer in ambient conditions. The devices with different combinations of polyelectrolyte with ZnO show different improvements in the device efficiency. The combinations of ZnO with PVP and PDADMAC show highest amount of improvements in the efficiency by a factor of ∼17–19. The improvement of the efficiency may be due to various phenomena, such as the passivation of ZnO surface as well as bulk traps, work function modification, improved energy level alignment, improved electronic coupling of the inorganic/organic interface, improved light harvesting, and decrease of surface as well as bulk charge recombination in the device. The introduction of polyelectrolyte into ZnO inhibits the aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles yielding the large area ZnO nanoclusters; and hence, forming the uniform film of ZnO resulting in the modifications of morphology as well as electronic structure of ZnO-polyelectrolyte nano-composite favouring better electronic coupling between cathode and active layer and hence enhancing the current and, consequently, the efficiency. This simple low temperature ZnO-polyelectrolyte nanocomposite based protocol proposed for cathode interface layer modification may be very much useful for roll to roll industrial manufacturing of organic solar cells.
Numerical analysis of the direct drive illumination uniformity for the Laser MegaJoule facility
Authors: Temporal M. , Canaud B. , Garbett W. J. , Ramis R.
Published: January 2014

The illumination uniformity provided during the initial imprinting phase of the laser foot pulse in a direct drive scenario at the Laser MegaJoule facility has been analyzed. This study analyzes the quality of the illumination of a spherical capsule and concerns the uniformity of the first shock generate in the absorber of an Inertial Confinement Fusion capsule. Four configurations making use of all or some of the 80 laser beams organized in the 20 quads of the cones at 49° and 131° with respect to the polar axis have been considered in order to assemble the foot pulse. Elliptical and circular super-gaussian laser intensity profiles taking into account beam-to-beam power imbalance (10%), pointing error (50 μm), and target positioning (20 μm) have been considered. It has been found that the use of the Polar Direct Drive technique can in some cases reduce the irradiation non-uniformity by a factor as high as 50%. In all cases, elliptical profile provides better results in comparison with the circular one and it is shown that the minimum of the non-uniformity is also a function of the capsule radius.
Modeling of large amplitude plasma blobs in three-dimensions
Authors: Angus Justin R. , Umansky Maxim V.
Published: January 2014

Fluctuations in fusion boundary and similar plasmas often have the form of filamentary structures, or blobs, that convectively propagate radially. This may lead to the degradation of plasma facing components as well as plasma confinement. Theoretical analysis of plasma blobs usually takes advantage of the so-called Boussinesq approximation of the potential vorticity equation, which greatly simplifies the treatment analytically and numerically. This approximation is only strictly justified when the blob density amplitude is small with respect to that of the background plasma. However, this is not the case for typical plasma blobs in the far scrape-off layer region, where the background density is small compared to that of the blob, and results obtained based on the Boussinesq approximation are questionable. In this report, the solution of the full vorticity equation, without the usual Boussinesq approximation, is proposed via a novel numerical approach. The method is used to solve for the evolution of 2D and 3D plasma blobs in a regime where the Boussinesq approximation is not valid. The Boussinesq solution under predicts the cross field transport in 2D. However, in 3D, for parameters typical of current tokamaks, the disparity between the radial cross field transport from the Boussinesq approximation and full solution is virtually non-existent due to the effects of the drift wave instability.