bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innere Sprachform
Authors: Knobloch Clemens
Published: November 2021

Der von Wilhelm von Humboldt geprägte und von Heymann Steinthal Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts propagierte Begriff der Inneren Sprachform hat eine bewegte und von Diskontinuitäten geprägte Geschichte und eine äußerst vage und plastische Bedeutung. Der Text rekonstruiert einige Stationen dieser Begriffsgeschichte, mit Blick auf deren Brüche und Richtungswechsel. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt der Rezeption und der heuristischen Weiterentwicklung des Begriffs in den USA. Kontrastiert wird die US-Rezeption (in Sprachpsychologie, Spracherwerbsforschung und Ethnolinguistik) mit der zeitgleichen ideologischen Verwendung des Ausdrucks in der sprachnationalistischen deutschen Tradition.
The impact of text presentation on translator performance
Authors: Läubli Samuel , Simianer Patrick , Wuebker Joern , Kovacs Geza , Sennrich Rico , Green Spence
Published: November 2021

Widely used computer-aided translation (CAT) tools divide documents into segments, such as sentences, and arrange
them side-by-side in a spreadsheet-like view. We present the first controlled evaluation of these design choices on translator
performance, measuring speed and accuracy in three experimental text-processing tasks. We find significant evidence that
sentence-by-sentence presentation enables faster text reproduction and within-sentence error identification compared to
unsegmented text, and that a top-and-bottom arrangement of source and target sentences enables faster text reproduction compared
to a side-by-side arrangement. For revision, on the other hand, we find that presenting unsegmented text results in the highest
accuracy and time efficiency. Our findings have direct implications for best practices in designing CAT tools.
Latent Judicial Intervention: The Case of Self-Claiming Palestinian Informers
Authors: Hofnung Menachem , Hadad Ofir
Published: November 2021

How do judicial techniques enable courts to have a very effective impact on actual national policy while avoiding making binding decisions? Previous academic studies have focused mostly on the controversial capacity (and willingness) of courts to intervene in a country’s policy through statutory interpretation or authoritative decisions. We show that by refraining from sweeping landmark decisions, courts can have a latent but substantial impact on actual national policy through technical and procedural measures. The case study here is the Israeli immigration policy toward a large group of Palestinian litigants (916 petitions) who claim to be neglected security-related collaborators.
The lower bound of nonlocal gradient for non-convex and non-smooth image patches based regularization
Authors: Meng Junying , Wang Faqiang , Cui Li , Liu Jun
Published: November 2021

In the inverse problem of image processing, we have witnessed that the non-convex and non-smooth regularizers can produce clearer image edges than convex ones such as total variation (TV). This fact can be explained by the uniform lower bound theory of the local gradient in non-convex and non-smooth regularization. In recent years, although it has been numerically shown that the nonlocal regularizers of various image patches based nonlocal methods can recover image textures well, we still desire a theoretical interpretation. To this end, we propose a non-convex non-smooth and block nonlocal regularization model based on image patches. By integrating the advantages of the non-convex and non-smooth potential function in the regularization term, the uniform lower bound theory of the image patches based nonlocal gradient is given. This approach partially explains why the proposed method can produce clearer image textures and edges. Compared to some classical regularization methods, such as TV, non-convex and non-smooth regularization, nonlocal total variation and block nonlocal total variation, our experimental results show that the proposed method improves restoration quality.
Scaling of energy gaps in phosphorene nanoflakes
Authors: Huang Linan , Zhong Jun , Sheng Weidong , Zhou Aiping
Published: November 2021

Electronic structure of phosphorene nanoflakes which consist of hundreds of phosphorus atoms are studied in the framework of unrestricted Hartree–Fock approach. On the base of Pariser–Parr–Pople model for electron–electron interactions, a simplified Bethe–Salpeter formalism is established for the calculation of excitation states of the system. Taking into account the electron–hole interaction in various dielectric environments, the optical gap of a triangular phosphorene nanoflake is shown to increase as the screening effect becomes stronger while its graphene counterpart exhibits just the opposite dependence. After confirming an exponential dependence of the optical gap on the effective dielectric constant, the quasiparticle and optical gaps are also found to obey an exponential scaling rule against the total number of atoms in the nanoflakes, respectively. By extrapolating the dependence on the size of the system, one is able to estimate the exciton binding energy of a monolayer phosphorene sheet on a SiO2 substrate to be 0.894 eV. The result is found to agree well with the previous experimental result of 0.9 eV.
Studies on the Equatorial Spot of G-type Contact Binary UV Lyn
Authors: Wang Jing-Jing , Zhang Bin , Jiang Lin-Qiao
Published: November 2021

New CCD photometric observations of G-type contact binary UV Lyn were obtained in 2006 and 2020, when the light curves (LCs) showed positive O’Connell effect and negative O’Connell effect, respectively. From the previous studies, the LCs by other ground-based telescope are variable from 1973 to 2020, particularly the magnitude difference between the two maxima. These phenomena indicate that the component has been active in the past 47 yr. In addition, during monitoring by the space telescope Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) from January to March 2020, we fortunately found continuous variations from the O’Connell effect in every cycle for the first time. The analysis also shows that in a short time, the positive O’Connell effect has been transformed into the negative one, which demonstrates that there are stronger magnetic activities on the surface of the component. By using the Wilson-Devinney code with a spot model, these photometric solutions confirm UV Lyn is a shallow W-subtype contact binary with a cool equatorial spot on the less massive component. The successive variability of the O’Connell effect possibly results from one equatorial cool spot shifting gradually along with time. We also investigated its O − C curve from these continuous LCs, and there is no apparent variation in such a short time. However, regarding the O’Connell effect as the indicator of magnetic activity indicates the system is possibly undergoing a periodic trend with a period of nearly 38 days. Comparing with the trend of the O − C curve, we could not find any relation between the period variation and magnetic activity.
The effect of modifying the nanostructure of gelatin fiber scaffolds on early angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Yanyi , Wang Xiaoxue , Hu Fei , Rausch-Fan Xiaohui , Steinberg Thorsten , Lan Zedong , Zhang Xueyang
Published: November 2021

Early angiogenesis is one of the key challenges in tissue regeneration. Crosslinking mode and fiber diameter are critical factors to affect the adhesion and proliferation of cells. However, whether and how these two factors affect early angiogenesis remain largely unknown. To address the issue, the optimal crosslinking mode and fiber diameter of gelatin fiber membrane for early angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro were explored in this work. Compared with the post crosslinked gelatin fiber membrane with the same fiber diameter, the 700 nm diameter in situ crosslinked gelatin fiber membrane was found to have smaller roughness (230.67 ± 19 nm) and stronger hydrophilicity (54.77° ± 1.2°), which were suitable for cell growth and adhesion. Moreover, the in situ crosslinked gelatin fiber membrane with a fiber diameter of 1000 nm had significant advantages in early angiogenesis over the two with fiber diameters of 500 and 700 nm by up-regulating the expression of Ang1, VEGF, and integrin-β1. Our findings indicated that the in situ crosslinked gelatin fiber membrane with a diameter of 1000 nm might solve the problem of insufficient blood supply in the early stage of soft tissue regeneration and has broad clinical application prospects in promoting tissue regeneration.
Dynamic modelling shows substantial contribution of ecosystem restoration to climate change mitigation
Authors: Littleton Emma W , Dooley Kate , Webb Gordon , Harper Anna B , Powell Tom , Nicholls Zebedee , Meinshausen Malte , Lenton Timothy M
Published: November 2021

Limiting global warming to a 1.5°C temperature rise requires drastic emissions reductions and removal of carbon-dioxide from the atmosphere. Most modelled pathways for 1.5°C assume substantial removals in the form of biomass energy with carbon capture and storage, which brings with it increasing risks to biodiversity and food security via extensive land-use change. Recently, multiple efforts to describe and quantify potential removals via ecosystem-based approaches have gained traction in the climate policy discourse. However, these options have yet to be evaluated in a systematic and scientifically robust way. We provide spatially explicit estimates of ecosystem restoration potential quantified with a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. Simulations covering forest restoration, reforestation, reduced harvest, agroforestry and silvopasture were combined and found to sequester an additional 93 Gt C by 2100, reducing mean global temperature increase by ∼0.12°C (5%–95% range 0.06°C–0.21°C) relative to a baseline mitigation pathway. Ultimately, pathways to achieving the 1.5°C goal garner broader public support when they include land management options that can bring about multiple benefits, including ecosystem restoration, biodiversity protection, and resilient agricultural practices.
The statistical mechanics of near-BPS black holes
Authors: Heydeman Matthew , Iliesiu Luca V , Turiaci Gustavo J , Zhao Wenli
Published: November 2021

Due to the failure of thermodynamics for low temperature near-extremal black holes, it has long been conjectured that a ‘thermodynamic mass gap’ exists between an extremal black hole and the lightest near-extremal state. For non-supersymmetric near-extremal black holes in Einstein gravity with an AdS
2 throat, no such gap was found. Rather, at that energy scale, the spectrum exhibits a continuum of states, up to non-perturbative corrections. In this paper, we compute the partition function of near-BPS black holes in supergravity where the emergent, broken, symmetry is PSU(1, 1|2). To reliably compute this partition function, we show that the gravitational path integral can be reduced to that of a

N
=
4

supersymmetric extension of the Schwarzian theory, which we define and exactly quantize. In contrast to the non-supersymmetric case, we find that black holes in supergravity have a mass gap and a large extremal black hole degeneracy consistent with the Bekenstein–Hawking area. Our results verify a plethora of string theory conjectures, concerning the scale of the mass gap and the counting of extremal micro-states.
Evaluation and development strategy of cattle breeding area-based on smallholder farmers community in Jambi
Authors: Sari D A P , Muladno  , Said S , Nahrowi  , Priyanto R
Published: November 2021

The efforts to increase the national beef cattle population can be done through the development of area-based beef cattle. SPR-IPB were an example of the concept of developing regional-based beef cattle farming based on smallholder communities. This study aimed to evaluated the area of beef cattle farming in SPR based on the profile of the farmer, institutions, existing livestock conditions and factors that influence the development of beef cattle farming. Surveys and observations were done in October-November 2020 at SPR Kuamang Abadi, Bungo District, Jambi. Ninety-nine farmers in 4 villages (Tirta Mulya, Lingga Kuamang, Cilodang, and Sumber Harapan) were involved in this study. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistics were used in this study. The results of the area evaluation show that the SPR Kuamang Abadi was included in the category of built up area (score 600.5). Problems related to the development of beef cattle farming areas include the non-functioning of the organization’s internal divisions, limited facilities and animal health personnel, and underutilized financial institutions. The recommendation for the results of this study was the development of beef cattle farms at SPR Kuamang Abadi can be done by strengthening human resources and institutions, strengthening facilities and infrastructure, accelerating access to technology adoption and innovation, strengthening marketing strategies, and strengthening cooperation.
Gedong Gincu mango farmer’s perceptions toward the advantages and obstacles of the modern market
Authors: Ashari  , Saliem HP , Ariningsih E , Suhaeti R N , Septanti K S , Maulana M , De Faveri S , Johnson P , Shanmugam V
Published: November 2021

Gedong gincu mango is an exotic fruit that can become an exclusive mango to supply the modern market. This paper aims to explore the perceptions of Gedong Gincu mango farmers toward their interests, advantages, and barriers to entering the modern market. The study was conducted in Indramayu and Cirebon Districts, West Java, during Juli‒Agustus 2019, with 102 farmers as respondents. This study applied a survey method for data collection using structured questionnaires. The data were descriptively analyzed with a focus on farmer’s perception of the modern market. The results showed that most respondents (>50%) in Indramayu and Cirebon Districts are interested in selling their mango to the modern market. The biggest advantages of the modern market are that they will get a higher price (75%), gain access to better quality seeds/seedlings (16.50%), and get technical assistance and new skills, especially for cultivating and handling yields (15.06%). This study also reveals factors that cause farmers reluctant to sell mangoes to the modern market. The main reason is that most farmers own small-scale farms, so they cannot meet modern market criteria (28.73%). Besides, farmers feel that the mango has low-quality products. Other farmers think they do not have the ability, experience, and sufficient information related to modern markets (14.94%). This study suggests that the government could encourage mango farmers to engage in the modern market by facilitating the training to improve farmer’s capability and provide a supplier who guarantees the supply’s payment and sustainability.
Consumption pattern intervention on cassava artificial rice and gluten free noodles
Authors: Herawati H , Kamsiati E
Published: November 2021

Artificial rice is a staple food product that resembles rice grains from rice which is generally processed from raw materials such as flour. One area in the City of South Cimahi, in the village of Cirendeu. One way to improve food diversification is to intervene in the consumption pattern through the consumption of rice and gluten free noodles from cassava in the North Cimahi City area. The purpose of this research activity is to develop intervention patterns of consumption of rice and cassava free gluten noodles and an analysis of the public health characteristics. The consumption pattern is carried out in Aloe Vera farmer group, Citereup-North Cimahi, West Java. The consumption pattern is carried out by replacing rice from rice as a staple food and replaced with cassava from breakfast and lunch and gluten free noodles from cassava at dinner. The object researchs’ weight was relatively more stable during the intervention process of consumption patterns, although some object researchs showed a pattern of weight loss. The results of the analysis of blood sugar levels prior to and a consumption pattern intervention showed a trend of a decrease in blood sugar levels in some object researchs and a slight exclusion indicated an increase in blood sugar.
The measurement of food and nutrition security situation in Indonesia
Authors: Aryani D C , Hendriadi A , Rachman B , Hudasiwi M , Widiriani R
Published: November 2021

An appropriate analysis of the food security situation influences the decision-making and even planning of targeted intervention. Considering Indonesia’s vast area and different characteristics of each region, information on the food security situation for each region is needed for policy intervention. This paper conducted a composite analysis to obtain the food security situation of 416 districts in Indonesia. The weighting approach of nine indicators represented the three subsystems of food security, namely food availability, food access, and food utilization, was used for food security situation analysis. Of 416 districts, 81 were classified into food vulnerable region-based one a set of cut-off points used for districts classification. These vulnerable food regions were mainly characterized by the ratio between food production and normative consumption, the percentage of people living under the poverty line, and the prevalence of stunting. The information on vulnerable food regions and their underlying factors can be used as a basis for program intervention and policy formulation for food security in Indonesia. The program designed for food vulnerability alleviation should be located in the vulnerable food area and targeted to reduce those three underlying factors causing food vulnerability.
Environmentally friendly household food consumption behavior
Authors: Ariani M , Gantina A , Mauludyani AVR , Suryana A
Published: November 2021

Natural resources, namely land and water, as the main input factors for food production have undergone degradation in quantity and quality. On the other hand, demand for food has been growing due to population increase, which requires to intensify the use of natural resources that may harm environment. One of the solutions to this problem is by managing household food consumption pattern. This study aimed to analyze current and eco-friendly household consumption behavior in Indonesia to overcome the above problem. A technical review was conducted to various nationally representative publications, mainly from Statistics Indonesia, Indonesian Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture. Results of this study indicated that in 2020 the Indonesian average daily energy and protein intake has met the recommendation. However, based on Desirable Dietary Pattern score, food consumption pattern was not balanced, dominated by cereals as carbohydrate food sources, while consumption of tubers, legumes, animal protein sources, vegetables, and fruits were still inadequate. Among high income households, consumption of animal products exceeded the recommendation whereas production of this food requires the highest environmental resources. Meanwhile, a large proportion of food waste are produced by household, mostly in the form of vegetables and fruits. Driving factors of household food selection were mainly based on social, economic, and cultural aspects rather than environmental consideration. Therefore, to reduce environmental damage, environmentally friendly food consumption behavior should be promoted. Government together with nutritionist and agronomists should create a grand design of food system which balances productivity, sustainability, and community nutrition fulfillment.
Area-based citrus commodity development to grow the regional economy of Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province
Authors: Triwiratno A , Ratule M T , Zamzami L
Published: November 2021

The Development of Horticultural Agribusiness Areas (PKAH) is one of the implementations of the Ministry of Agriculture’s policy, where the development of superior commodities is directed at developing areas which are integrated vertically and/or horizontally with the consolidation of productive businesses based on community economic institutions that are highly competitive in local and international markets. This development study was carried out in one major citrus agribusiness area in Indonesia, namely Nunukan District, North Kalimantan Province since January 2017 to December 2018. The aim of the study was to develop citrus agribusiness in Nunukan, North Kalimantan. The method used participatory development conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, local government and farmer groups to formulate policy recommendations based on the results of applied research on farmers’ land in the border areas of Indonesia and Malaysia. The approach included the establishment of demonstration plots for technology implementation of Integrated Management of Healthy Citrus Orchard (IMHCO), field assistance, and program evaluation. This involved four farmer groups and 17 farmers. Primary data were collected by survey and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that (1) the establishment and maintenance of the demonstration plots which were managed properly and consistently had been carried out on new crops and productive crops of 10 hectares each; (2) farmers assisted intensively had applied 95% of the IMHCO technology, while farmer groups nearby the location of IMHCO treatment had applied 80-90% of the IMHCO technology, and less active farmers only applied 55% of the IMHCO technology; (3) farmers had comprehended all the technology components in IMHCO, indicated by the understanding and application scores ranged from 2.38‒3.00.
Copra processing issue of migrant farmers in tidal land of South Sumatra
Authors: Purba Y Z W , Lisanty N
Published: November 2021

The study was carried out in the tidal land region of Pendowo Harjo Village, Sungsang District, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra Province, with the goal of calculating the production costs and income gained, as well as determining the financial feasibility of the copra processing business. Simple random selection was used to choose sample farmers, with 45 sample farmers managing the copra processing business chosen from a total of 235 population members. All sample farmers were Bugis ethnic migrant farmers. The analysis results showed that with an average area of 1.15 hectares, an income of IDR 2,530,886.98 was obtained. The production costs incurred were IDR 1,756,328.15 resulting in an income of IDR 774,558.83 per arable area per production process (for a period of 3 months). The NPV value was IDR 102,638,789.00, with the IRR value was 49.92 per cent, and the Net B/C value was 2.28. These figures show that a copra processing business can be developed in the area financially.
An analysis of to deliver cheap nutritious products: National Fish Barn Program
Authors: Purnomo A H , Suryawati S H
Published: November 2021

There is a program called the national fish barn (Lumbung Ikan Nasional), which aims at delivering fish to consumers from the the country’s most productive fishing areas, namely Maluku. The program has focused on the preparation of integrated ports and concerns aspects of the readiness of the participating districts and cities. This paper was based on a research conducted in January – March 2021, with an objective to assess their readiness indexes, covering five related dimensions: ecological, economic, social, institutional, technological. Analytical tools used in this study were multi dimentional scaling and prospective analysis. The multidimensional scaling (MDS) data was obtained through mail surveys involving fisheries service officials in 11 districts and cities. Applyng the same technique, data collection for prospective analysis involving local university scientests. The results of MDS analysis showed that 11 districts and cities demonstrated readiness indexes categorized as ‘fairly prepared to very prepared’ for the ecological, economic and social dimensions. Challenges are found in the institutional and infrastructure dimensions, where there are a number of districts and cities indexed ‘less prepared’ or even ‘unprepared’. The research concluded with the result of prospective analysis, which then become policy implication of this research; in this case, it is recommended that a number of attributes should receive attention to improve the readiness indexes of participating districts and cities. These attributes are: ‘market opportunity’, ‘business competitiveness’, ‘participation of entrepreneurs’, ‘financial institutions’, ‘information infrastructure’
The development of farmers cooperative in the potato agribusiness system in Batur Subdistrict, Banjarnegara
Authors: Suharyono S , Yofa R D , Ar-Rozi A M , Azis M , Yusuf E S , Syahyuti
Published: November 2021

Farmers’ corporations are a form of farmer economic empowerment that unites all farmer resources and manages them in an integrated management. Batur Subdistrict, is one of the potato-producing centers in Banjarnegara District. This paper aims to analyze the potential for developing farmer corporations in the potato agribusiness system in Batur Subdistrict, Banjarnegara. The Farmer Corporation Model developed refers to the Ministry of Agriculture No. 18 of 2018, which is in the form of cooperatives or other legal entities with the majority of capital ownership by farmers. The data comes from the results of the 2020 study. Respondents consist of potato farmers, administrators of the Dieng Farmers Union (SPD), owners of subsidized fertilizer shop, potato seed breeders, agricultural extension workers, potato marketing actors, and managers of Agribusiness Microfinance Institutions (LKMA). Data analysis was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively descriptively by taking into account technical, economic and management aspects. The results of the study indicate that the existing farmer institutions in Batur Subdistrict, both technically, economically, and management have the potential to develop farmer corporations. The corporate model formulated is the growth of primary and secondary cooperatives which include potato seed cooperatives, farming capital cooperatives, potato production facilities cooperatives, and potato marketing cooperatives. The amount of economic value that can be obtained by each potato farmer with the existence of a corporation ranges from Rp. 1.04 - 2.07 million per year. In order for a farmer corporation to run and provide benefits to farmers, support from the government is needed in the form of assistance, business training, and initial capital.
Analysis of added value on the porang supply chain in Klangon Village, Madiun District
Authors: Soemantri A S , Kamsiati E , Herawati H
Published: November 2021

Porang ((Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)) is a leading export commodity in Klangon Village, Saradan Subdistrict, Madiun District. Until now, this commodity continues to be developed because it has become the main income for the people in this area. This study pupose to map the porang supply chain as well as to analyze its value chain which includes socio-economic and contributions between the business actors involved in the porang supply chain in Klangon Village, Saradan Subdistrict, Madiun District.The research activity was carried out in Klangon Village, Saradan Subdistrict, Madiun District in March – April 2021. The method used was the Hayami method. The results showed that the current profit level of porang business for each kilogram from the largest to the smallest are farmers 80.26%, wholesalers 67.57% and collectors 22.80%. The wholesalers sell porang chips, therefore their added value is greater than the farmers and collectors. The amount of added value successively from farmers, collectors and wholesalers are IDR. 8433/kg, IDR. 3000/kg, and IDR. 62000/kg. Based on this analysis, it proves that post-harvest handling in converting fresh porang into chips can increase added value, and currently the added value is still owned by wholesalers. Efforts to increase added value and profits at the farm level can be done through increasing post-harvest handling capacity into more valuable forms such as chips and flour.
Exploring the research trends of entrepreneurship and innovation for agricultural competitiveness: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wahyudi A F , Kiminami A
Published: November 2021

Entrepreneurship and innovation have a positive impact on competitiveness, including in the agricultural sector. Since much research is conducted on entrepreneurship and innovation, it is challenging to map the research trends and obtain directions for future research, especially in agricultural competitiveness. This study aims to provide a systematic overview by analyzing the research trend and main topic of entrepreneurship and innovation studies related to agricultural competitiveness. Next, this study also analyzes the potential topic for future research. Data collected from the Scopus database and bibliometric analysis using the Biblioshiny (R package) and VOSviewer software. The results showed that the number of publications on research interest in this area increases over time. The increasing research on this topic can be seen in the trends of documents produced. This study focused on four main topics: agricultural development, agricultural sustainability, agricultural economy, and agricultural technology. The hot topic mainly discusses in the last three years related to agricultural robots, investment, agro-industrial complex, biotechnology, technology transfer, crops, international trade, alternative agriculture, agricultural trade, and supply chain management. Further, the keywords: agribusiness, financial resources, manufacture, agricultural enterprises, strategy, organizational framework, industry, economic competitiveness, development, and social entrepreneurship still need to explore and potentially discuss in the future.
Quality risk analysis of cocoa agroindustry: a case study in Pesawaran District, Lampung Province
Authors: Sucipto  , Wulandari S , Ariani I
Published: November 2021

Quality is a critical issue in small and medium scale cocoa agroindustry, which affected competitiveness significantly. Product quality is strongly influenced by implementing best practices in cocoa production and processing. This study aims to identify quality risks, analyze risks, and develop risk management strategies in the cocoa agroindustry using a case study. Analysis used Quality Risk Matrix to map the risks and Analytical hierarchy process to develop a quality risk management (QRM). The results showed that blooming is the highest quality risk, followed by taste differences, moisture content of raw materials, and color differences. From the management aspect, QRM in the cocoa agroindustry includes documentation system management, implementation of training regularly, implementation of internal audit, periodic reviews, impact assessment, development reports and controls verification, and development of an integrated supply chain systems. QRM includes providing facilities, maintenance of equipment and utilities, material management development, packaging and labeling, and continuous production methods from the technical side. The implementation of QRM in the cocoa agroindustry is carried out through improvements in the production process. In addition, the implementation of QRM requires support from the government and other stakeholders in the cocoa value chain.
Assessing the profitability and sustainability of upland farming systems in Cambantoc subwatershed, Philippines
Authors: Legaspi R M B , Toribio E C B , Yohanon E P L , Predo C D , Vergara D G K
Published: November 2021

Deforestation, forest and land degradation affect the provision of ecosystem services in the watersheds of Laguna Lake. The study site, Cambantoc Subwatershed, experiences unsustainable upland farming practices that worsen the flooding situation in the downstream areas. This study analyzed rice monocropping and agroforestry farming systems upstream based on measures of profitability, sustainability, and soil quality using the Benefit-Cost Analysis and Soil Changes Under Agroforestry (SCUAF) model. Data on the costs and benefits of the farming systems and the parameters used in calibrating the model were acquired through interviews and secondary data collection. The study found that monocropping is more profitable while agroforestry has better environmental benefits because it can minimize soil erosion and soil nutrient loss through time. Agroforestry is an ideal example of Nature-Based Solution to achieve sustainable farming and enhance the delivery of ecosystem services such as soil nutrient enrichment in the upstream farms and flood mitigation in the downstream areas. The results of this study can serve as a decision support for the policy makers to consider developing and implementing market-based instruments to capture the total benefits of agroforestry to both upland farmers and downstream communities.
Rice crop insurance in Indonesia: adaptation to climate and farm production support
Authors: Kusumaningrum D , Aldyan K , Sutomo V A , Saraswati D , Ariyan G , Novita L , Pasaribu S M
Published: November 2021

Indonesia’s Rice Crop Insurance (AUTP) scheme has successfully protected farmers from significant crop losses due to natural disasters. However, the current amount of AUTP’s compensation is still unable to accommodate farmer’s financing costs (i.e., unpaid micro-loan and its interests) to support crops production. This results in higher micro-loan risk and hinder the sustainability of farming enterprises. In this regard, the existing People’s Business Credit (KUR) should supposedly be accessible as a micro-loan source to help farmers fund their farms. This study has two objectives: (1) formulate an integration scheme between KUR and AUTP, and (2) determine the appropriate insurance premiums to meet the farmer’s operational and financing costs. This research used 100,000 Monte Carlo Simulations using lognormal distributions with assumptions based on the results of focus group discussion and in-depth interviews with farmer groups, the local Agriculture Service, and micro-loan distributors, as well as the data from the Ministry of Agriculture from the period of 2018–2020. Additionally, Individual Area Yield Index (I-AYI) policy and loss ratio is used to determine and evaluate the new integrated crop insurance premiums. The study revealed that the farmers expect affordable, accessible, and beneficial insurance products with premium subsidies bundled with KUR. Therefore, the government should develop an integration of crop insurance with KUR and determine the affordable premium calculations along with the insurance companies. Based on the simulation results, the total pure premium is estimated around IDR 1 million for a minimum KUR loan of IDR 8 million (suitable for farming costs).
The role in agricultural decision making in the upper Citarum watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Tarigan H , Erwidodo  , Perkasa H W , Susilowati S H
Published: November 2021

Women as a labor force share a significant role in farming, included in the most degraded Citarum watershed, Steep slopes, soil sensitivity to landslides, erosion, and relatively high rainfall are the limiting factors that are dangerous for farmers, especially for female workers participating in farming activities to support the family economy. However, the role and remuneration system for women in farming, in general, has not received serious attention. This paper aims to analyze the role of women and the factors influencing decision-making in farming activities. The research was conducted in the upstream area of the Citarum watershed in 2 districts, namely Bandung and West Bandung, in 2019. A total of 499 sample farm households were randomly selected. The data were analyzed statistically and descriptively. The results show (1) women participate in almost all agricultural activities except irrigation, but at the same activity and working time get lower wages than men; (2) there are differences of opinion between women and men regarding the roles in the decision-making process of farming activities. According to men, they play a more dominant role, while women prioritize joint roles without being dominant. The results also show that age, education, and experience of women in farming do not directly affect decision-making as long as not impacted to income, but affect women’s role and decision-making process in input use. Increasing women’s knowledge and skills are the keys to accelerate their participation and role in family decision-making in the agricultural sector.
The dynamics of household food consumption patterns in various agroecosystems in Indonesia
Authors: Rachmawati R R , Purwantini T B , Saliem H P , Ariani M
Published: November 2021

Household food consumption patterns are influenced by income, price, individual tastes and beliefs, and socioeconomic aspects. Agricultural development has an impact on changing consumption patterns. The changes vary according to different ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of household consumption patterns in various ecosystems and their implications for agricultural policies. This study used panel data from the National Farmers Panel period of 2007/2009-2016/2018 from the Indonesian Center for Agro Socio Economic and Policy Studies in four ecosystems, namely rice paddy fields, dry-land secondary crops, dry-land vegetable crops, and dry-land plantation crops. The discussion of consumption patterns is focused on energy and protein consumption, PPH score, and consumer participation rate. The results showed that during 2010-2018, energy and protein consumption increased, however, the pattern of change varies among households. The energy and protein consumption level are only about 77-86% from the level of recommendation ≥90%. Households’ consumption of protein in plantation ecosystem is lowest compared to other ecosystem. The level of household rice consumption was the highest, compared to other carbohydrate sources. PPH of agricultural households was lower than the national in the four agroecosystems. To increase the consumption of energy, protein and PPH scores of agricultural households in various agroecosystems in Indonesia, it is necessary to increase the availability and access of agricultural households to non-rice carbohydrate sources and protein source foods by optimizing the potential of local resources. Coordination and synchronization of food security improvement programs between central and local governments is important.
Participation of beef cattle farmers and the effect on production
Authors: Suhartini S H , Gunawan E , Sinuraya J F , Ilham N
Published: November 2021

Increasing food production can be done through increasing productivity and increasing business scale, both of them need an additional cost. Meanwhile, capital for small-scale farmers is relatively limited, so financial support is needed. At present, the Government financing support in the form of loans program is the People’s Business Credit (KUR). The objective of the study is to analyze the role of KUR in beef cattle business and the effect on increasing livestock production. The research was conducted in 2020 in Central Lampung District with a survey method of 60 farmer respondents. The study revealed that at the national level, the participation rate of beef cattle farmers in the use of KUR was only 2.71%, and in Lampung Province, it reached 7.72%. Beef cattle farmers in the study locations used KUR funds for on-farm farming. Most of the farmers (84.4%) used the funds to purchase brood stock. The KUR program has an impact on increasing the productivity of cattle for fattening 0.2 kg live weight/head/day, increasing the scale of cattle breeding, and fattening two cows and eight cows respectively per farmer. The impact of KUR on enhancing production due to increased productivity and business scale is significantly determined by the level of farmer participation in the use of KUR. It is needed to increase farmer participation in the use of KUR and the use of KUR funds to adopt recommended technology. So that, KUR has impact on increasing livestock production.
Green behavior in organic products: policies approach
Authors: Lantarsih R , Harjiyatni F R , Putri W H , Kresnanto N C
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, consumption patterns based on green products are pretty popular and have become a choice for various social strata. The study of the factors that influence consumer decisions, including how satisfaction is creating, has been widely discussed in empirical research. There are two approaches to observing this phenomenon: the Servqual theory approach and the marketing mix approach. This study empirically examines how the marketing mix elements can contribute to customer satisfaction and loyalty in green products, especially organic vegetables, in the Yogyakarta region. We want to see from this phenomenon the most substantial element that contributes to customer satisfaction. The data collecting with a questionnaire that distributing with snowball sampling with 80 respondents selected; however, only 65 questionnaires can be processing due to missing and outlier data. With Moderated Regression Analysis, this study found that satisfaction is the quasi moderator in the relationship between marketing mix variables and customer loyalty and conclude that marketing mix elements cannot affect customer loyalty directly but must moderating by satisfaction. Post hoc analysis with policy review also enriched this result of the study and found the dearth of policies supporting the trading mechanism in organic products. This study recommends that the government prepare policies about certification scheme and organics trading mechanism favours farmers.
Prospects and strategies for food exports from border areas: a case of West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ariningsih E , Susilowati S H , Saliem H P , Agustian A
Published: November 2021

Border areas can be a source of growth in food production in Indonesia. One of the provinces in the border areas having prospects as a source of food growth for export is West Kalimantan. This province has started to export food (mainly medium and special quality rice) to Malaysia via Sanggau district. However, food exports from the Kalimantan border are still in limited quantities and face several obstacles that have resulted in unsustainable food exports. This study aims to analyze the prospects and strategies for food exports (especially rice) from West Kalimantan border area. The study was conducted in September 2018 in three subdistricts of Sanggau District, namely Entikong, Sekayam, and Kembayan. Data were collected through focus group discussion, and SWOT analysis was employed. The results show that rice exports from the West Kalimantan border areas are in the Weakness-Opportunity (W-O) quadrant, indicating an opportunity to export but cannot yet be utilized because the existing strength is not enough to carry it out. The main opportunity is that the rice market actors are ready to export, while the main weakness is that the rice prices are not competitive with those from other exporting countries. The decision that can be taken is either (1) releasing existing opportunity and looking for other alternatives or (2) forcing them to work on this opportunity.
The performance of smallholder dairy farms in West Java
Authors: Purwantini T B , Saliem H P , Ariningsih E , Erwidodo  , Anugrah I S , Suryani E , Irawan A R , Hetherington J B
Published: November 2021

Small farmers dominate dairy farming in Indonesia, and the average productivity is low. An understanding of the performance of farmers and dairy farming businesses is needed to formulate policies for developing small-scale dairy farms. This study aims to provide information about the performance of dairy farms and recommend policies or measures to develop smallholder dairy farms in West Java. The data used in this paper is taken from the IndoDairy Smallholder Household Survey (ISHS) database, covering 600 dairy farm households selected randomly in Bandung, Garut, Cianjur, and Bogor Districts. Data collection took place between August and September 2017. A purposive and proportional random sampling method was utilized to select the samples. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis. The results show that the main income activity of households (80%) was dairy farming. In addition to dairy farming, households received 10% of their income from off-farm activities, 8% from horticultural production, 2% from other livestock, and 1% from crop production. On average, dairy herd sizes were 5.6 cows per farm, of which the highest found in Bogor (7.7) and lowest in Garut (3.1). The results also show that milk production per cow ranged from 14.1 to 15.2 liters/day/lactating cows, with an average of 14.9 liters/day/lactating cows. Policies and efforts to increase milk production, productivity, and quality of fresh milk through improving feed technology and better dairy farming management are critically important to increasing smallholder dairy farmers’ income in Indonesia, especially in West Java.
Integrating tea and tourism: a potential sustainable livelihood approach for Indonesia tea producer central area
Authors: Sita K , Aji T M , Hanim W
Published: November 2021

The social changes within society with regard to tea are widespread in Indonesia and today are experienced as tourism, where a part of many tourist activities, whereby local tea traditions, cultures, services and attractions are experienced. Indonesia as both tea-producing and tea-consuming country has high potential to integrate with tourism to increase the sustainability of community livelihood. This study used a sustainable livelihood approach in a systematic framework to examine the relationships between tea and tourism, as well as enriched the interviews of tourist actors and 203 tourists with experiences of visiting the tea tourism destinations. This study finding that there has been an increase of diversity of livelihoods of the people around the tea plantations where have been developed into tourism. Corporate social responsibility provides a further opportunity in sustainable tea tourism development. Increasing services satisfaction of the tea tourists is one of the most important ways to increase the revisit intention. Creating a mutual partnership synergy can cover the lack of resources and competencies in tea and tourism integration development. For practical implications in the future are the important to enlarge integration between tea and tourism, build partnership, stimulate more local participation, and increase local benefits as their ways of life.
A compensation scheme applied on wind turbine blade pitch control for the reduction of non-torque main shaft loads
Authors: Balakrishna R , Xing Y
Published: November 2021

It has been well established that non-torque main shaft loads influence the internal drive train loads. This paper proposes a scheme that compensates for non-torque loads in the blade pitch controller. The compensation scheme is implemented on a dynamic model developed in FAST/Simulink. Three wind conditions of 8, 11.4 and 20 m/s are examined. The dynamic analysis of the bending moment in the low-speed shaft showed a reduction in bending moment by 3 % for the rated wind speed (11.4 m/s) and 1.8 % for the above-rated wind speed (20 m/s), highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. However, a reduction in bending moment also slightly decreased the shaft’s speed by 2.3 % and 0.5 %, respectively. Similarly, the turbine power was decreased by 9 % and 1 %, respectively. In comparison, further gain scheduling within the compensation scheme reduces the power loss to as low as 0.3 %. The 2 to 3 % reduction in the low-speed shaft bending moment can significantly influence the drive train loads and easily outweigh any loss resulting in the shaft rotational speed and turbine power. Thus, this paper shows that using bending moment error as feedback within the compensation scheme positively affects the low-speed shaft’s bending moment with the eventual potential of reducing drivetrain loads.