bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalizability of Toxicity Data from Oncology Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice: Toxicity of Irinotecan-Based Regimens in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tam V. C. , Rask S. , Koru–Sengul T. , Dhesy–Thind S.
Published: February 2010

Background: The relevance of oncology trial results to clinical practice depends on whether the trial participants are similar to the actual population of patients receiving treatment for the malignancy and whether the patients are treated similarly in both circumstances. Chemotherapy treatments may be more toxic in patients of advanced age and poor performance status—patients typically excluded from clinical trials. Methods: In a retrospective chart review that included all non-trial patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan-based chemotherapy from January 2004 to September 2006 at our institution, we quantified and subsequently compared the toxicity rates of the irinotecan regimens in clinical practice with published toxicity rates from corresponding phase iii clinical trials. The primary endpoint was the incidence of grades 3 and 4 diarrhea. Results: The study included 203 patients, and the irinotecan regimens considered included (1) folfiri [irinotecan, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil (5fu)], (2) ifl (bevacizumab, irinotecan, 5fu, leucovorin), (3) xeliri (capecitabine, 3-weekly irinotecan), and (4) irinotecan monotherapy. The rates of grades 3 and 4 diarrhea for folfiri, ifl, xeliri, and irinotecan monotherapy in clinical practice were 10%, 15%, 17%, and 21% as compared with 10%, 23%, 20%, and 31% respectively in clinical trials. When only patients meeting trial performance status and age criteria were analyzed, the rates of grades 3 and 4 diarrhea by regimen were 11%, 20%, 19%, and 26% respectively. Conclusions: Overall, the toxicity rates for folfiri and irinotecan monotherapy in non-trial patients were not statistically different from the rates quoted in published clinical trials.
Bogarting that Joint Might Decrease Oral hpv among Cannabis Users
Authors: Zwenger S. R.
Published: February 2010

Human papilloma virus (hpv) has many known strains, two of the most well studied perhaps being the high-risk types 16 and 18. These strains have attracted more interest because they are known to disrupt tumour-suppressor genes that control the cell cycle, rendering those genes less effective at keeping cell division in check. Within the last decade, an increase in oral hpv–linked cancers of the throat and tongue has been attributed to exposure and contraction of hpv through oral sex, most notably in younger people. An understudied and arguably equal contributor to oral hpv infection might be indirect contact with an infected person. Presented here is a brief but important perspective on the relationship between cannabis use and oral cancer. The development of oral cancer is not a result of smoking cannabis per se; rather, it is hypothesized to be a result of contracting hpv through various forms of sharing and passing joints and other smoking apparatuses. Therefore, it is hypothesized that bogarting (and not passing) joints might decrease oral hpv among cannabis smokers. Future research should therefore investigate the prevalence of oral hpv in cannabis smokers to better understand its epidemiology
Colorectal Cancer Association of Canada Consensus Meeting: Raising the Standards of Care for Early-Stage Rectal Cancer
Authors: Stein Barry , Chondrozoumakis Toula
Published: February 2010

The purpose of the meeting reported here was to develop a set of national evidence-based standards for assessing and managing patients with potentially resectable rectal cancer. This report represents the consensus of the multidisciplinary group of Canadian rectal cancer experts attending that meeting.
Size selective recognition of small esters by a negative allosteric hemicarcerand
Authors: Staats Holger , Lützen Arne
Published: February 2010

A bis(resorcinarene) substituted 2,2′-bipyridine was found to bind weakly to small esters like ethyl acetate whereas more bulky esters were not recognized by this hemicarcerand. This size selective molecular recognition could be controlled by a negative cooperative allosteric effect: coordination of a triscarbonyl rhenium chloride fragment to the bipyridine causes a conformational rearrangement that orientates the resorcinarene moieties in different directions so that they cannot act cooperatively in the binding of the substrate.
Infectious Keratitis in a Newborn With Goldenhar Syndrome
Authors: Mittal Saurabh , Mittal Apoorva , Meenakshi R. , Bharathi Jayahar M. , Rengappa Ramakrishnan
Published: February 2010

Goldenhar syndrome is a rare, presumably inherited condition that has a multifactorial etiopathology that results in disturbances of blastogenesis. The syndrome is characterized by the presence of dermal epibulbar tumors, periauricular appendices, malformed ears, and vertebral anomalies, with occasional occurrence of cardiac, visceral, or central nervous system anomalies. This report describes a case of Goldenhar syndrome in a newborn who presented with all of the classic signs of Goldenhar syndrome associated with the rare occurrence of infectious keratitis and hydrocephalus.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010;47:43–45.]
Orbital Recurrence of B-Progenitor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Child
Authors: Lad Eleonora M. , Jain Atul , Lad Shivanand P. , Lin Richard C. , Alcorn Deborah M. , Moshfeghi Darius M.
Published: February 2010

Orbital mass is an exceedingly rare presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This report describes a 12-year-old boy with recurrent orbital pre–B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and reviews the literature on the incidence, presentation, prognosis, and management of orbital tumors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Early diagnosis and treatment of orbital acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a multidisciplinary approach is essential to minimize or prevent deterioration of vision and optimize clinical outcomes.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010;47:46–50.]
Psychotropic Medication-Induced: Rabbit syndrome
Authors: Lindsey Pamela L. , Mehalic Jessica
Published: February 2010

Rabbit syndrome (RS) is an involuntary movement disorder characterized by rapid, fine movements of an individual's mouth, similar to the chewing movements of a rabbit, and has most frequently been associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. RS is often unrecognized or misdiagnosed as tardive dyskinesia or pseudoparkinsonism. Although rare, RS is easily treatable if recognized. It is essential that nurses are able to distinguish this syndrome from other movement disorders; however, a lack of information exists in the nursing literature about this syndrome. The aims of this article are to describe the clinical symptoms of RS, its prevalence and etiology, and recommended treatment. Clinical and educational implications regarding RS are also provided.
A Signature Wound of War: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Snell Frances I. , Halter Margaret Jordan
Published: February 2010

Improvised explosive devices are the weapons of choice for the insurgent enemy in Iraq and Afghanistan. More soldiers are surviving these blast injuries due to improved torso protection yet are sustaining head and neck wounds in numbers that exceed those from previous wars. Although moderate and severe traumatic head injuries are easily identified and aggressively treated, mild traumatic brain injuries (m-TBIs), or concussions, had previously been deemed inconsequential and often overlooked. Recently, however, the U.S. Department of Defense and Veterans Health Administration have placed emphasis on identifying service members at risk for m-TBI because a select number continue to have disabling symptoms that can negatively affect quality of life. Research regarding the effects and treatment of blast injury are gaining momentum, but further work needs to be accomplished. This article provides a three-question screening tool that can be used to identify these at-risk veterans.
Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction After Presbyopic Bilateral Lens Exchange with the ResTOR IOL in Emmetropic Patients
Authors: Alfonso José F. , Fernández-Vega Luís , Valcárcel Beatriz , Ferrer-Blasco Teresa , Montés-Micó Robert
Published: February 2010

Purpose:

To assess efficacy, safety, predictability, stability, and patient satisfaction after presbyopic lens exchange in emmetropic patients.

Methods:

A prospective, nonrandomized, masked, observational case series (self-controlled) of 46 emmetropic eyes of 23 consecutive patients (age range: 50 to 60 years) after presbyopic lens exchange with bilateral AcrySof ReSTOR Natural (SN60D3) intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon Laboratories Inc) implantation were evaluated. Mean spherical equivalent refraction (SE) was −0.04±0.14 diopters (D) (range: +0.25 to −0.25 D). Monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA), and patient satisfaction were recorded preoperatively and 6 months after surgery.

Results:

At 6 months postoperative, efficacy index at distance was 1.00. No eye lost ≥2 lines of CDVA, 5 eyes lost 1 line, 24 eyes did not change after surgery, 14 eyes gained 1 line, and 3 eyes gained 2 lines of visual acuity. Safety index at distance was 1.03. All eyes had a manifest SE within ±0.50 D of emmetropia. Mean postoperative SE was +0.14±0.22 D (range: −0.25 to +0.37 D). No eye lost >2 lines of DCNVA, 1 eye lost 2 lines, 3 eyes lost 1 line, 34 eyes did not change after surgery, and 8 eyes gained 1 line of visual acuity. Uncorrected near visual acuity was 0.95±0.07. Safety and efficacy indexes at near were 1.01 and 1.03, respectively. A patient satisfaction questionnaire showed that patients had a high level of satisfaction after presbyopic lens exchange surgery.

Conclusions:

Presbyopic lens exchange with implantation of the ReSTOR multifocal IOL in emmetropic eyes is an effective and safe procedure for presbyopia correction.
Intraoperative Complications of LASIK Flaps Using the Intralase Femtosecond Laser in 3009 Cases
Authors: Davison James A. , Johnson Steven C.
Published: February 2010

Purpose:

To report the incidence and management of intraoperative complications while using the IntraLase FS femtosecond laser (Abbott Medical Optics) for flap creation during LASIK.

Methods:

A prospective log of intraoperative flap creation complications using the femtosecond laser was maintained over 3009 consecutive LASIK surgeries from August 2002 through July 2009.

Results:

Eleven (0.37%) intraoperative complications occurred. Eight suction breaks occurred, seven of which were treated with reapplication of the laser, the other by completing the side-cut with surgical dissection. One case of incomplete flap creation was treated with surgical dissection. Two cases of adherent flap were treated with reapplication of laser energy and surgical dissection. All surgeries were completed successfully during the same operative session.

Conclusions:

Intraoperative complications during flap creation are minor, infrequent, and can be managed effectively within the same surgical session.
Intraoperative OCT of a Full-Thickness Macular Hole Before and After Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling
Authors: Wykoff Charles C. , Berrocal Audina M. , Schefler Amy C. , Uhlhorn Stephen R. , Ruggeri Marco , Hess Ditte
Published: February 2010

A child with a traumatic full-thickness macular hole was imaged perioperatively using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Intraoperative imaging using a portable SD-OCT device equipped with a handheld probe demonstrated the full-thickness macular hole to be nearly completely closed following vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling. Air was used as a tamponade agent and prone positioning was used postoperatively for 2 days. SD-OCT imaging confirmed closure of the full-thickness macular hole 5 days and 1 month postoperatively.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:7–11.]
Intravitreal Dexamethasone for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chan Carmen K. M. , Mohamed Shaheeda , Lee Vincent Y. W. , Lai Timothy Y. Y. , Shanmugam Mahesh P. , Lam Dennis S. C.
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To determine the response and safety profile of intravitreal dexamethasone in treating diabetic macular edema.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

In this prospective pilot study, 12 eyes of 12 patients with diabetic macular edema were randomized to receive a single injection of 0.4 mg (n = 6) or 0.8 mg (n = 6) of intravitreal dexamethasone. The outcome measures were changes in best-corrected visual acuity and central foveal thickness on optical coherence tomography. Side effects were monitored.

RESULTS:

The 3-month results were reported. In both dosage groups, there were transient improvements in best-corrected visual acuity and central foveal thickness, but the changes were not significant at any time point (best-corrected visual acuity:
P
⩾ 0.14; central foveal thickness:
P
⩾ .08). No significant side effects were observed, except one eye developed a peak intraocular pressure of greater than 21 mm Hg.

CONCLUSION:

A single injection of intravitreal dexamethasone (0.4 or 0.8 mg) did not have significant beneficial effects on diabetic macular edema within 3 months from injection in this small pilot study.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:26–30.]
Ocular and Systemic Morbidity Profile in Mass Formic Acid Injuries
Authors: Ram Jagat , Sukhija Jaspreet , Behera Digamber , Gupta Amod
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

A report on formic acid–induced ocular and systemic injuries.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Forty-two passengers (84 eyes) with formic acid burns following a tanker and bus collision were evaluated and treated. The severity of ocular chemical injury was assessed using the Roper-Hall classification. Standard protocol for management of ocular chemical burns was adopted in all patients. Immediate irrigation of the eyes was done with tap water and all patients received frequent topical steroids, cycloplegics, and lubricating eye drops. Systemic injuries were evaluated and managed collectively by plastic and orthopedic surgeons and internists.

RESULTS:

On presentation, 48 (57.14%) eyes had grade 0, 13 (15.48%) eyes had grade I, 16 (19.1%) eyes had grade II, 3 (3.57%) eyes had grade III, and 4 (4.76%) eyes had grade IV chemical injuries. Thirty patients (71.43%) had superficial and 12 (28.57%) had deep skin burns. One (2.38%) patient died due to severe pulmonary edema and 6 (14.29%) patients had severe pulmonary complications requiring oxygen treatment. Seventy-two (87.8%) eyes healed without residual sequelae, 10 (12.2%) eyes had nebulo-macular corneal opacities, and 2 (2.44 %) eyes developed secondary glaucoma and dry eye.

CONCLUSION:

Formic acid injuries can lead to a significant ocular and systemic morbidity. Immediate ocular and systemic management is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. Strict regulations are needed for the transportation of dangerous chemicals to prevent accidental chemical injuries.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:123–127.]
Corneal Wound Architecture and Integrity After Torsional and Mixed Phacoemulsification: Evaluation of Standard and Microincisional Coaxial Techniques
Authors: Jun Bokkwan , Berdahl John P. , Kuo Anthony N. , Cummings Thomas J. , Kim Terry
Published: February 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To compare the effects of torsional and mixed ultrasound on clear corneal incision architecture, wound integrity, and apposition using standard (2.75 mm) and micro-incisional (2.2 mm) coaxial phacoemulsification.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Twenty human cadaver eyes (4 groups of 5 eyes) underwent simulated coaxial phacoemulsification for 45 seconds of ultrasound time (group 1 = 2.75 mm, 100% torsional; group 2 = 2.2 mm, 70% torsional; group 3 = 2.2 mm, 100% torsional; group 4 = 2.2 mm, mixed ultrasound). All phacoemulsification settings were kept constant across each group. Following phacoemulsification, intraocular pressure (IOP) was cyclically raised and lowered from 0 to 125 mm Hg. Two eyes from each group had India ink placed over the wound and were observed for leakage and for histopathologic examination. Eyes not exposed to India ink (three eyes of each group) were examined using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

RESULTS:

Wound leakage was evident in one eye from group 1 and no eyes from the other three groups. Histopathologic examination revealed no India ink penetration in any of the eyes studied. Anterior segment OCT showed good wound apposition in each group. SEM demonstrated partially compromised endothelium and Descemet's membrane in all eyes studied from each group.

CONCLUSION:

No differences in corneal wound architecture and integrity were observed. Torsional and mixed ultrasound settings do not appear to induce any adverse effects on corneal wound architecture and integrity in standard and microincisional coaxial phacoemulsification techniques.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:128–134.]
Lab2go â?? A Repository to Locate Online Laboratories
Authors: Maier Christian , Niederstätter Michael
Published: February 2010

This paper discusses the creation of a common framework to describe online laboratories according to the semantic web technology. The so called Web 3.0 technology is actually growing daily and is proposed to be one of the leading Web technologies within the next years. Improved search mechanisms and facet based browsing are only some key features which enhance the data handling within the repository. Online laboratories are interactive experiments which are available over the Internet and can be divided into two main groups, software simulations and laboratories made up of real hardware equipment. Technology-enhanced learning is becoming a new important trend in higher education worldwide. In particular, engineering education is becoming an exciting emerging field of research because it involves a multitude of disciplines which aim to resolve the pedagogical problems that arise with the advancement of technology. With the help of the semantic web technology it can be made a significant step forward in terms of a general description model for online laboratories and the location of laboratories with requested properties.
Limitations of Remote Laboratories in Control Engineering Education
Authors: Aliane Nourdine , Pastor Rafael Vargas , Mariscal Gonzalo Vivas
Published: February 2010

Remote laboratories showed significant progress during last years. Their integration in engineering education had their justification in solving many logistic problems inherent to conventional labs. In control engineering education, shifting from hands-on experience to a remote experimentation modifies completely the learning environment, and the factors that could compromise the effectiveness of learning outcomes should be considered carefully. This short paper discusses a number of pedagogical limitations intrinsic to remote experimentation in control engineering education.
Importance of Cytokines in Murine Allergic Airway Disease and Human Asthma
Authors: Finkelman Fred D. , Hogan Simon P. , Hershey Gurjit K. Khurana , Rothenberg Marc E. , Wills-Karp Marsha
Published: February 2010

Asthma is a common, disabling inflammatory respiratory disease that has increased in frequency and severity in developed nations. We review studies of murine allergic airway disease (MAAD) and human asthma that evaluate the importance of Th2 cytokines, Th2 response-promoting cytokines, IL-17, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in MAAD and human asthma. We discuss murine studies that directly stimulate airways with specific cytokines or delete, inactivate, neutralize, or block specific cytokines or their receptors, as well as controversial issues including the roles of IL-5, IL-17, and IL-13Rα2 in MAAD and IL-4Rα expression by specific cell types. Studies of human asthmatic cytokine gene and protein expression, linkage of cytokine polymorphisms to asthma, cytokine responses to allergen stimulation, and clinical responses to cytokine antagonists are discussed as well. Results of these analyses establish the importance of specific cytokines in MAAD and human asthma and have therapeutic implications.
Bioremediation of Turbid Surface Water Using Seed Extract from Moringa oleifera Lam. (Drumstick) Tree
Authors: Lea Michael
Published: February 2010

An indigenous water treatment method uses Moringa oleifera seeds in the form of a water‐soluble extract in suspension, resulting in an effective natural clarification agent for highly turbid and untreated pathogenic surface water. Efficient reduction (80.0% to 99.5%) of high turbidity produces an aesthetically clear supernatant, concurrently accompanied by 90.00% to 99.99% (1 to 4 log) bacterial reduction. Application of this low‐cost Moringa oleifera protocol is recommended for simplified, point‐of‐use, low‐risk water treatment where rural and peri‐urban people living in extreme poverty are presently drinking highly turbid and microbiologically contaminated water. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 16:1G.2.1‐1G.2.14. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Methods of Identifying Membrane Proteins in Spirochetes
Authors: Carroll James A.
Published: February 2010

Bacterial membrane proteins serve vital functions such as nutrient acquisition, sensation of the environment, and in gene regulation, secretion, and attachment. Proteins on the cell surface are instrumental in host‐pathogen interactions and many serve as immunogens that confer protection as targets for neutralizing antibodies. Integral membrane and lipidated proteins possess hydrophobic domains or lipid anchors that interact with the lipid bilayer of cellular membranes, allowing the investigator to use hydrophobicity as a means for enrichment. The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is a Gram negative‐like microorganism that produces many integral and lipidated proteins, several of which have proven important during infection and transmission of the bacterium from the tick vector to the mammalian host. Protocols described in this unit for enriching membrane proteins have been extensively used by investigators in the study of B. burgdorferi, but can be easily adapted to identify and characterize membrane‐associated and surface‐exposed proteins associated with other bacteria. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 16:12C.2.1‐12C.2.13. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transversal patterns in three‐dimensional packed bed reactors: Oscillatory kinetics
Authors: Nekhamkina Olga , Sheintuch Moshe
Published: February 2010

Formation of transversal patterns in a 3D cylindrical reactor is studied with a catalytic reactor model in which an exothermic first‐order reaction of Arrhenius kinetics occurs with a variable catalytic activity. Under these oscillatory kinetics, the system exhibits a planar front (1D) solution with the front position oscillating in the axial direction. Three types of patterns were simulated in the 3D system: rotating fronts, oscillating fronts with superimposed transversal (nonrotating) oscillations, and mixed rotating–oscillating fronts. These solutions coexist with the planar front solution and require special initial conditions. We map bifurcation diagrams showing domains of different modes using the reactor radius as a bifurcation parameter. The possible reduction of the 3D model to the 2D cylindrical shell model is discussed. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
SNPs in CAST are associated with Parkinson disease: A confirmation study
Authors: Allen Andrew S. , Satten Glen A.
Published: February 2010

Using data from the National Institutes of Neurological disease and Stroke's (NINDS) study of Parkinson disease (PD), we recently reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a region containing the Calpastatin (CAST) gene were associated with PD. Here we follow up this finding with an analysis of the Center for Inherited Disease Research's (CIDR) genome‐wide association study in familial PD. After adjusting for population stratification and multiple testing, we find a significant association (P = 0.0167) between PD and SNP rs1559085 in CAST. These findings confirm CAST/PD associations in a second, independent, dataset and suggest that CAST be prioritized for further investigation. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyoxometallate als Bausteine für funktionelle Nanosysteme
Authors: Long De‐Liang , Tsunashima Ryo , Cronin Leroy
Published: February 2010

Die Polyoxometallate (POM), eine Untergruppe der Metalloxide, bilden vielfältige Molekülcluster, die nicht nur außerordentlich vielfältige physikalische Eigenschaften zeigen, sondern auch dynamische Strukturen mit Abmessungen vom Nanometer‐ bis zum Mikrometermaßstab bilden können. Hier beschreiben wir die neuesten Entwicklungen von der Synthese bis zur Struktur und Funktion von Polyoxometallaten. Wir diskutieren Wege zur Herstellung höchst differenzierter hierarchischer Systeme mit mehreren voneinander unabhängigen Funktionalitäten und geben eine kritische Analyse, aus der auch nichtspezialisierte Leser die wichtigsten Eigenschaften ersehen können. In diesem Zusammenhang schlagen wir auch ein “Periodensystem der Polyoxometallat‐Baueinheiten” vor. Schließlich beleuchten wir einige aktuelle Herausforderungen beim Design funktioneller Systeme auf der Basis von POM‐Baueinheiten und geben einen Ausblick auf mögliche Anwendungen.
Direct Arylation of Heterocycles: The Performances of Ferrocene‐Based Polyphosphane Ligands in Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Bond Activation
Authors: Roger Julien , Mom Sophal , Beaupérin Matthieu , Royer Sylviane , Meunier Philippe , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Doucet Henri , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille
Published: February 2010

The palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of alkylated‐ furan, thiophene, and thiazole and benzoxazole heterocycles with electronically and sterically deactivated bromoarenes was selectively and efficiently promoted by ferrocenyl polyphosphanes. In this CH bond activation reaction of heteroaromatics, the performances of polydentate di‐, tri‐, and tetraphosphane ligands were compared, showing that the triphosphane 1,1′,2‐tris(diphenylphosphino)‐4‐tert‐butylferrocene 3 was the most effective for the coupling. The introduction of more electron‐donating (iPr) or electron‐withdrawing (furyl) groups on the phosphorus atoms did not improve the ligand performances. The coordination behavior of 3 towards palladium(II) and other group 10 metals, NiII and PtII, was studied and the corresponding 1,2‐P chelating phosphorus complexes were isolated in high yields and fully characterized by multinuclear 1H, 13C, 31P NMR (3⋅PdCl2, 3⋅PtCl2) and X‐ray structures (3⋅NiBr2). It was found that the triphosphane ligand 3 was able to accommodate bidentate chelating cis coordination to group 10 metals, and additionally a much rarely described bis monodentate trans configuration. The combination of these two modes of coordination in a multimetallic species was clearly evidenced for the first time for a ferrocenyl polyphosphane. This versatility in bonding is a clear difference of coordination potential of this catalytically more efficient triphosphane compared to analogous ferrocenyl di‐ or tetraphosphanes.
Development of variance‐filtered instrumental transfer methods for high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Alam Todd M. , Alam M. Kathleen
Published: February 2010

The introduction of a variance‐filter to both direct standardization (DS) and piece‐wise direct standardization (PDS) instrumental transfer methods for the analysis of NMR spectral data is described. The variance‐filter modification allows for the identification of regions in the NMR spectra that are not adequately represented by the limited number of transfer calibration samples used during the calculation of the instrument‐to‐instrument transfer matrix. For these spectral frequencies, the corresponding portion of the transfer matrix is replaced by identity (or scaled identity) prior to the secondary instrumental data sets being transferred to the target instrument response. The spectral matching performance of the variance‐filtered instrumental transfer method as applied to high‐resolution 1H NMR spectra is presented along with possible uses and limitations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy distribution‐aware clustering algorithm for dense wireless sensor networks
Authors: Fang Shudong , Berber Stevan Mirko , Swain Akshya Kumar
Published: February 2010

We consider the challenge of organizing densely deployed sensor nodes into the form of clusters, using the distribution of network residual energy (NRE), which is defined as the sum of node residual energy. Irrespective of network topology, the distribution of NRE is proven to approach Gaussian in dense node deployment. A decentralized clustering algorithm is present, using timers and a recursively updated probability to select nodes with more residual energy to become Cluster Head (CH) nodes and organize other nodes in the form of clusters over slotted time intervals. Embracing the dense node deployment, each node initializes its probability of becoming a CH node using the distribution of NRE defined in its neighborhood area. Each of the selected CH nodes resides in the center of its cluster area, which has a radius that can be arbitrarily chosen. The performances of the new clustering algorithm are analyzed and then validated via extensive simulations, taking into account variable cluster radius and variable network density. The new clustering algorithm significantly prolongs the network lifetime, in comparison to several representative and competing clustering algorithms reported in the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of semantic Web Services with an enhanced‐Chord‐based P2P network
Authors: Adala Asma , Tabbane Nabil
Published: February 2010

Currently Web Service (WS) systems are based on central registries for publication and discovery. With the growing number and the dynamicity of WS, this centralized approach rapidly becomes inefficient and impractical. Furthermore, existing WS standards such as WS Description Language (WSDL) and Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) do not support semantic description which is essential for the automation of several WS‐related functions such as discovery, execution and composition. We propose a system that enables efficient Semantic WSs publication and discovery in a fully decentralized network using peer‐to‐peer technologies. We also propose and evaluate the performances of an enhanced version of Chord protocol that we have called ‘enhanced‐Chord’. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use ofin vitrotechnologies coupled with high resolution accurate mass LC‐MS for studying drug metabolism in equine drug surveillance
Authors: Scarth James P. , Spencer Holly A. , Timbers Sarah E. , Hudson Simon C. , Hillyer Lynn L.
Published: February 2010

The detection of drug abuse in horseracing often requires knowledge of drug metabolism, especially if urine is the matrix of choice. In this study, equine liver/lung microsomes/S9 tissue fractions were used to study the phase I metabolism of eight drugs of relevance to equine drug surveillance (acepromazine, azaperone, celecoxib, fentanyl, fluphenazine, mepivacaine, methylphenidate and tripelennamine).In vitrosamples were analyzed qualitatively alongside samples originating fromin vivoadministrations using LC‐MS on a high resolution accurate mass Thermo Orbitrap Discovery instrument and by LC‐MS/MS on an Applied Biosystems Sciex 5500 Q Trap.

Using high resolution accurate mass full‐scan analysis on the Orbitrap, thein vitrosystems were found to generate at least the two most abundant phase I metabolites observedin vitrofor all eight drugs studied. In the majority of cases,in vitroexperiments were also able to generate the minorin vivometabolites and sometimes metabolites that were only observedin vitro. More detailed analyses of fentanyl incubates using LC‐MS/MS showed that it was possible to generate good quality spectra from the metabolites generatedin vitro. These data support the suggestion of usingin vitroincubates as metabolite reference material in place ofin vivopost‐administration samples in accordance with new qualitative identification guidelines in the 2009 International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation‐G7 (ILAC‐G7) document.

In summary, thein vitroandin vivophase I metabolism results reported herein compare well and demonstrate the potential ofin vitrostudies to compliment, refine and reduce the existing equinein vivoparadigm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signal transduction pathways that function in both development and innate immunity
Authors: Partridge Frederick A. , Gravato‐Nobre Maria J. , Hodgkin Jonathan
Published: February 2010

C. elegans is developing in importance as a model for innate immunity. Several signaling pathways are known to be required for immune responses to a diverse range of pathogens, including the insulin signaling, p38 MAP kinase and transforming growth factor‐β pathways. These pathways also have roles during development, which can complicate the analysis of their functions in immunity. Recent studies have suggested that immunity in C. elegans is integrated across the organism by both paracrine and neuronal communication, showing the complexity of the immune system in this organism. Developmental Dynamics 239:1330–1336, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression patterns of FGF receptors in the developing mammalian cochlea
Authors: Hayashi Toshinori , Ray Catherine A. , Younkins Christa , Bermingham‐McDonogh Olivia
Published: February 2010

Many studies have shown the importance of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of factors in the development of the mammalian cochlea. There are four fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1–4) and all four are expressed in the cochlea during development. While there are examples in the literature of expression patterns of some of the receptors at specific stages of cochlear development there has been no systematic study. We have assembled a full analysis of the patterns of receptor expression during cochlear development for all four Fgfrs using in situ hybridization. We have analyzed the expression patterns from embryonic day 13.5 through postnatal ages. We find that Fgfr1, 2, and 3 are expressed in the epithelium of the cochlear duct and Fgfr4 is limited in its expression to the mesenchyme surrounding the duct. We compare the receptor expression pattern to markers of the sensory domain (p27kip1) and the early hair cells (math1). Developmental Dynamics 239:1019–1026, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of transcription factor AP‐2gamma/TFAP2C impairs branching morphogenesis of the murine mammary gland
Authors: Jäger Richard , Schäfer Sabine , Hau‐Liersch Mathilde , Schorle Hubert
Published: February 2010

Extensive development of the mammary gland occurs during puberty, when rising levels of ovarian hormones induce the formation of highly proliferative terminal end buds (TEBs) at the tips of mammary ducts. TEBs consist of an outer layer of cap cells and of inner body cells. TEBs invade the adipose stroma and bifurcate while extending the ducts to generate an arborized ductal network. We show that in murine mammary glands transcription factor AP‐2γ is strongly expressed in the cap cell layer and in a subset of body cells of TEBs. To decipher AP‐2γ functions during mammary development we generated AP‐2γ‐deficient mice. Their mammary glands displayed impaired ductal branching and elongation. Cellular proliferation within TEBs was reduced. Although estrogen receptor was expressed, exogenously administered ovarian hormones could not restore normal development. Therefore, AP‐2γ is functionally involved in branching morphogenesis of the mammary epithelium, possibly by controlling genetic processes downstream of ovarian hormones. Developmental Dynamics 239:1027–1033, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship of the birth date of rat sympathetic neurons to the target they innervate
Authors: Chubb D. P. , Anderson C. R.
Published: February 2010

In many parts of the nervous system, neurons with the same function often have similar “birth dates” (the time their precursor withdrew from the cell cycle). We investigated the birth dates of eight functional classes of rat sympathetic postganglionic neurons by injecting bromodeoxyuridine during embryonic development, while retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry were used to identify postganglionic neurons of different functional classes in the mature animals. The times of withdrawal from the cell cycle overlapped, but there were significant differences in the peak time of withdrawal for most of the classes. Furthermore, sympathetic cholinergic postganglionic neurons had a significantly greater proportion of their total population labelled with bromodeoxyuridine than did any of the noradrenergic classes of neurons, indicating prenatal class‐specific differences in the handling of bromodeoxyuridine. Together, our findings indicate that, prior to extending axons to their targets, different functional classes of sympathetic neurons show differences in phenotype. Developmental Dynamics 239:897–904, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical‐Bonding Assembly, Physical Characterization, and Photophysical Properties of Lanthanide Hybrids from a Functional Thiazole Bridge
Authors: Guo Lei , Yan Bing
Published: February 2010

Two organic ligands derived from thiazole were modified by 3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate (TESPIC) to achieve the molecular precursors (P1 and P2). Then, the organic–inorganic hybrid materials (LnM1 and LnM2, Ln = Eu and Tb) were obtained by using these as bridging molecules to coordinate with lanthanide ions and form inorganic Si–O networks with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) after cohydrolysis and copolycondensation processes, whose composition, microstructures, and photophysical properties were studied. All of the materials were amorphous and no phase separation occurred. The photoluminescence properties of these materials revealed that all these hybrids can show the characteristic luminescence of lanthanide ions. The ratios of red/orange, decay times, emission quantum efficiency of Eu3+ hybrid materials were also determined. Furthermore, the number of water molecules coordinated to the Eu3+ ion was theoretically estimated on the basis of emission spectra and the lifetime of the 5D0 state.
Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Fluorinated and Nonfluorinated n‐Propanol‐Substituted Zinc Phthalocyanines
Authors: Gürol İlke , Durmuş Mahmut , Ahsen Vefa
Published: February 2010

The synthesis of symmetrical fluorinated and nonfluorinated zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivatives obtained from 4,5‐dichlorophthalonitrile, 4‐nitrophthalonitrile and 3‐nitrophthalonitrile substituted with 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoro‐1‐propanol and n‐propanol are described. The comparison of the photophysicochemical properties of fluorinated and nonfluorinated substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines is reported for the first time. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 19F NMR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy and mass spectra. The photophysical and photochemical properties of the compounds were studied in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The complexes were quenched with benzoquinone (BQ), and their fluorescence‐quenching properties were investigated in the same solvent. The effects of the number of the substitution and the position on the photophysical and photochemical parameters of the zinc(II) phthalocyanines 1a–7a are also reported. Photophysical and photochemical properties of phthalocyanine complexes are very useful for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer applications. In particular, high singlet‐oxygen quantum yields are very important for Type II mechanisms. These complexes have good singlet‐oxygen quantum yields and show potential as Type‐II photosensitizers.
Chain Compounds Based on Tetranuclear Basic Copper(II) Carboxylate Clusters and Quadruple Zwitterionic Linkers: Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Mei , Wang Yan‐Qin , Gao En‐Qing
Published: February 2010

Two CuII complexes with the new zwitterionic ligand 1‐carboxymethylpyridinio‐3‐benzoate (L), [Cu4L4(OH)2](ClO4)2·8H2O (1) and [Cu4L4(OH)2]Cl2·8H2O (2), have been synthesized and characterized crystallographically and magnetically. The two compounds contain isostructural chains, in which the anionic basic copper(II) carboxylate clusters [Cu4(μ3‐OH)2(RCOO)8]2– are quadruply interlinked by cationic organic spacers. Magnetic analyses using a tetranuclear model indicate that antiferromagnetic interactions between neighboring copper(II) ions are operative through the double hydroxo bridges and the mixed hydroxo/carboxylato bridges.
Selectivity of Stabilized Benzhydrylium Ions
Authors: Denegri Bernard , Matić Mirela , Kronja Olga
Published: February 2010

Methyl carbonates (1–4–OCO2Me) and phenyl carbonates (2–4–OCO2Ph) were subjected to solvolysis in the series of aqueous ethanol, the product ratios were determined and the selectivities (kE/kW) of the corresponding stabilized benzhydrylium ions 1–4 were calculated. The individual rate constants for ethanolysis (kE) and hydrolysis (kW) have been calculated. Ethanolysis proceeds via earlier more carbocation‐like transition state than hydrolysis. Due to more important solvation, kE decreases slower than kW if the fraction of the water in the binary solvent increases, which net effect is pronounced dependence of the selectivity on the solvent polarity. The selectivities of less stable carbocations 5–8 are reduced and influenced by the leaving group because of pairing and bending of the log k vs. E plot.
An Ultrasensitive Analytical Method Based on Chemiluminescence Sensing Electrochemical Parallel Catalytic Reaction Event
Authors: Guo Zhihui , Guo Ying , Zheng Xingwang
Published: February 2010

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) method on the combination of electrochemical parallel catalytic reaction and chemiluminesence signal sensing was proposed for improving ECL analytical characteristics using vanadate(V) as a representative. Vanadate(V) could be electrochemically reduced to generate vanadate(II) which could be chemically oxidized by potassium periodate to regenerate vanadate(V) and give parallel catalytic wave effect. Then, the reduced product of potassium periodate could react with butyl‐rhodamine B to emit a sensitive chemiluminescence signal. The chemiluminescence intensity was correlative with vanadate(V) concentration. The investigation on the electrochemical reaction rate constant (k0) confirmed that the speed of electrochemical reaction was faster than that of the subsequent chemiluminescence reaction. The possibility of the combination of electrochemical parallel catalytic reaction with chemiluminescence signal sensing was proved. The similar ECL behaviors could be observed at zirconia nanowires‐Nafion modified electrode. Because of the separation and enrichment effect of the modified electrode on vanadate(V), the selectivity and sensitivity was further improved greatly. Based on these findings, a new concept on the combination of electrochemical parallel catalytic reaction and chemiluminesence signal sensing was proposed and an ultrasensitive ECL method for the determination of vanadate(V) was developed at zirconia nanowires‐Nafion modified electrode. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the ECL intensity was linear with the concentration of vanadate(V) in the range of 2.0×10−12 mol/L–2.0×10−10 mol/L. The detection limit was 8.0×10−13 mol/L, which was more than 6 orders of magnitude lower than that observed by electrochemical current transduction for electrochemical parallel catalytic reaction at zirconia nanowires‐Nafion modified electrode.
Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Zn, Cd and Pb at Bismuth Nanopowder Electrodes with Various Particle Size Distributions
Authors: Lee Gyoung‐Ja , Kim Chang Kyu , Lee Min Ku , Rhee Chang Kyu
Published: February 2010

Effect of particle size distribution on sensor characteristics of nano‐Bi fixed electrode has been investigated using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Bi nanopowders with various particle size distributions were synthesized by gas condensation (GC) method with the change of chamber pressure. As the chamber pressure decreased, the size of Bi nanopowder became smaller with narrower distribution due to a shorter residence time of Bi vapor. The square wave anodic stripping voltammograms (SWASV) showed well‐defined and highly reproducible peaks at −1.2 V, −0.8 V and −0.6 V (vs. SCE), which are closely related to the oxidation of Zn, Cd and Pb, respectively. The sensitivity and detection limit of the nano‐Bi fixed electrode were quantitatively estimated from the analyses of SWASV. From the results, it is concluded that as the size of Bi nanopowder becomes smaller with narrower particle size distribution, the sensitivity and detection limit of sensor electrode for Zn, Cd and Pb are improved, which is ascribed to the increase in electrochemical‐active surface area.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ionic Liquid and Application for the Detection of Dissolved Oxygen
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Hsuan , Thiagarajan Soundappan , Chen Shen‐Ming
Published: February 2010

The electrochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles (nano‐Ag) has been successfully carried out on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and indium tin oxide electrode (ITO) using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMT) as green electrolytes. Further the electrodeposited nano‐Ag modified ITO electrode has been examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray diffraction studies (XRD). The electrodeposited Ag nanoparticles on ITO were found in the size range of 5 to 35 nm. The nano‐Ag film modified GCE was further coated with nafion (Nf) and BMT (1 : 1 ratio) mixture and found to be stable in BMT and in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The nano‐Ag/BMT‐Nf film modified GCE successfully applied for the oxygen reduction reaction in neutral pH (pH 7.0 PBS). The proposed film modified GCE successfully reduces the over potential and show well defined reduction peaks for the detection of dissolved oxygen using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disc voltammetry (RDE). The film also applied for the detection of dissolved oxygen using electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies (EIS).
A Contribution to the Study of the Adsorption of s‐Triazine Herbicides on Glassy Carbon Electrodes by Differential‐Capacity Measurements
Authors: Pintado S. , Amaro R. Rodríguez , Mellado J. M. Rodríguez
Published: February 2010

Measurements of differential capacity vs. potential have been made for a series of s‐triazine herbicides at different concentrations. In all cases the decrease in capacity was independent of the applied potential, so the adsorption is also independent of the potential. From the measurements it can be established that the adsorption follows Langmuir type isotherms. Adsorption constants were obtained for the different herbicides at 25 °C (simetryn, simazine, terburyn and prometon) as well as those to simetryn at different temperatures, from which the adsorption enthalpy of this herbicide was calculated being its value of 17.5 kJ mol−1.