bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On solution uniqueness of the Dirichlet problem for a system of partial differential equations on one function in the unit ball
Authors: Beloglyadov Michail V. , Burskii Vladimir P.
Published: May 2011

In the present paper we consider a system of equations given for one unknown function that have generalized D'Alambert representation of solutions. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for nontrivial solvability of the Dirichlet problem for such system in the unit ball. A simple necessary condition is obtained which says: for any i and j the angle between the vectors ai
and aj
must be a π-rational number.
Identification problems for semilinear integro-differential hyperbolic equations with transformed arguments
Authors: Lorenzi Alfredo , Messina Francesca
Published: May 2011

The aim of the present paper is to generalize the results in [Denisov, J. Inverse Ill-Posed Probl. 16: 837–848, 2008.] devoted to a one-dimensional semilinear wave equation and consisting of recovering a time-dependent functionαrepresenting the transformed argument. More exactly: (i) we will deal with a general semilinear integro-differential hyperbolicd-dimensional equation in divergence form (d= 1, 2, 3); (ii) the space-time set considered here is a smooth cylinder where surface boundary conditions are prescribed; (iii) the term with transformed arguments is allowed to contain integral operators; (iv) the additional information is of integral type.

The existence and uniqueness results for our specific problem are deduced as consequences of similar results for an operator integro-differential identification problem in a Hilbert space.
Why a minimizer of the Tikhonov functional is closer to the exact solution than the first guess
Authors: Klibanov Michael V. , Bakushinsky Anatoly B. , Beilina Larisa
Published: May 2011

Suppose that a uniqueness theorem is valid for an ill-posed problem. It is shown then that the distance between the exact solution and terms of a minimizing sequence of the Tikhonov functional is less than the distance between the exact solution and the first guess. Unlike the classical case when the regularization parameter tends to zero, only a single value of this parameter is used. Indeed, the latter is always the case in computations. Next, this result is applied to a specific coefficient inverse problem. A uniqueness theorem for this problem is based on the method of Carleman estimates. In particular, the importance of obtaining an accurate first approximation for the correct solution follows from Theorems 7 and 8. The latter points towards the importance of the development of globally convergent numerical methods as opposed to conventional locally convergent ones. A numerical example is presented.
Uniqueness for a hyperbolic inverse problem with angular control on the coefficients
Authors: Rakesh  , Sacks Paul
Published: May 2011

Suppose qi
(x), i = 1, 2 are smooth functions on and Ui
(x, t) the solutions of the initial value problem , Ui
(x, t) = 0 for t < 0. Pick R, T so that 0 < R < T and let C be the vertical cylinder {(x, t) : |x| = R, R ≤ t ≤ T}. We show that if (U
1, U
1r
) = (U
2, U
2r
) on C then q1
= q2
on the annular region R ≤ |x| ≤ (R + T)/2 provided there is a γ > 0, independent of r, so that ∫|x| = r
| Δ
S
(q1
– q2
)|2
dSx
≤ γ ∫|x| = r
|q1
– q2
|2
dSx
for all r ∈ [R, (R + T/2)]. Here Δ
S
is the spherical Laplacian on |x| = r.
On the Cauchy problem for operators with injective symbols in the spaces of distributions
Authors: Shestakov Ivan V. , Shlapunov Alexander A.
Published: May 2011

Let D be a bounded domain in the n-dimensional Euclidian space (n ≥ 2) having smooth boundary ∂D. We indicate appropriate Sobolev spaces with negative smoothness in D in order to consider the non-homogeneous ill-posed Cauchy problem for an overdetermined operator A with injective symbol. We prove that elements of the indicated Sobolev spaces have traces on the boundary. This easily leads to a weak formulation of the Cauchy problem and to the corresponding uniqueness theorem. We also describe solvability conditions of the problem and construct its exact and approximate solutions. Namely, we obtain the Carleman formula recovering a vector-function u from the indicated negative Sobolev class via its Cauchy data on an open connected set Γ ⊂ ∂D and values of Au on the domain D. Some instructive examples are considered.
Computational methods for ill-posed problems of gravitational gasodynamics
Authors: Vshivkov Vitaly A. , Lazareva Galina G. , Snytnikov Alexei V. , Kulikov Igor M. , Tutukov Alexander V.
Published: May 2011

A new numerical model of a galaxy interaction in gasodynamical approach is considered. In this model the equations of a gas dynamics with a cold function and the Poisson equation for a gravity potential are solved. A total system of equations is illposed. It allows us to describe a gravitational instability of astrophysical processes. As an example, the results of the collapse simulation are presented. The gas dynamic system of equations is solved by the Fluids-in-Cell method with the energy balance correction. Using the 3D Cartesian simulation a rotation, a self-consistent gravitational field, a complex central body geometry and a gas temperature were taken into account. A parallel implementation of the method for the simulation of various galaxy interaction scenarios was used in the model. Also, a research of the numerical model application range for various collision velocities and a mass relation of gas and star components was made here.
Corrosion Measurement Techniques in Steel Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Poursaee A.
Published: May 2011

The main goal of this study was to evaluate different corrosion measurement techniques in order to determine the most accurate methods for measuring the corrosion rate of steel bars in reinforced steel concrete. For this purpose, reinforced concrete specimens were cast and exposed to salt solution and the corrosion activity of the bars was investigated by half-cell potential, potentiostatic linear polarization resistance, galvanostatic pulse polarization, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, potentiodynamic cyclic polarization, and galvanodynamic polarization. The results obtained by the aforementioned methods were then compared with the actual mass loss of the steel bars due to corrosion (gravimetry test) and it shows that techniques based on applying potential are more reliable measuring techniques compared to those based on applying current.
Bubble Dynamics and Heat Transfer in Pool Boiling on Wires at Different Gravity
Authors: Zhao Jian-Fu , Wan Shi-Xin
Published: May 2011

A series of experimental studies on bubble dynamical behaviors and heat transfer in pool boiling on thin wires in different gravity conditions have been performed in the past years, including experiments in long-term microgravity aboard the 22nd Chinese recoverable satellite RS-22, in short-term microgravity in the drop tower Beijing, and in normal gravity on the ground. Steady pool boiling of degassed R113 on thin platinum wires has been studied using a temperature-controlled heating method. A voltage-controlled heating method has also been used in normal gravity. A slight enhancement of nucleate boiling heat transfer is observed in microgravity, while dramatic changes of bubble behaviors are very evident. Considering the influence of the Marangoni effects, the different characteristics of bubble behaviors in microgravity have been explained. A new bubble departure model including the influence of the Marangoni effects has also been proposed, which can predict the whole observation both in microgravity and in normal gravity. The value of CHF (critical heat flux) in microgravity is lower than that in normal gravity, but it can be predicted well by the Lienhard–Dhir correlation, although the dimensionless radius, or the square root of the Bond number, in the present case is far beyond its initial application range. A further revisit on the scaling of CHF with heater radius in normal gravity, which is focused on the case of a small Bond number, has also been performed in our laboratory using different kinds of working fluids at different subcooling conditions. Interactions between the influences of the subcooling and heater radius will be important for the case of a small Bond number. In addition to the Bond number, there may exist some other parameters, which may be material-dependent, that play important roles in the CHF phenomenon with a small Bond number.
Probabilistic Prediction of Crack Growth Based on Creep/Fatigue Damage Accumulation Mechanism
Authors: Wei Zhigang , Yang Fulun , Cheng Henry , Nikbin Kamran
Published: May 2011

In this paper a deterministic creep/fatigue accumulation model from simple sequential and repetitive creep and fatigue crack growth mechanisms for creep-brittle materials is developed. In the model the maximum stress intensity factor and stress intensity factor range can be used to describe, respectively, the creep and fatigue crack growth behaviors. The probabilistic behavior of the combined creep-fatigue can be calculated by direct integration of a joint log-normal probability density function or other methods. The Monte Carlo simulation method is used in this paper to analyze the probabilistic behavior of the derived deterministic creep-fatigue model and to estimate the reliability of a creep-fatigue correlation as introduced by the uncertainties in both creep and fatigue lives. Predicted results from this new crack growth method are compared with the bi-linear creep-fatigue interaction models as adopted by ASME Code Case N-47 and API579/ASME FFS, and the results are discussed.
Optical Measurement of Sand Deformation around a Laterally Loaded Pile
Authors: Liu Jinyuan , Yuan Bingxiang , Mai Van Thien , Dimaano Ralph
Published: May 2011

A sand displacement field around a laterally loaded pile is measured using an image processing technique called digital image correlation. An optical system consisting of a camera, a loading frame, and a computer is developed to capture soil movement during laterally loading the pile. Two images, before and after a deformation, are used to calculate the soil displacement field. Two kinds of piles are used in the tests: one squared-section pile and the other a circular one. Dry loose sand samples are used to simplify the problem. The displacement and strain fields obtained in this study are similar to the ones reported from the field. A trapezoidal strain wedge is measured in sand in front of the laterally loaded pile. The strain wedge develops from the pile edges. The failure planes form an angle with the horizontal, which varies between approximately two-thirds of the frictional angle of soil for the square pile and three-fourths for the circular pile.
Effect of Specimen Size on Static Strength and Dynamic Increase Factor of High-Strength Concrete from SHPB Test
Authors: Wang Shasha , Zhang Min-Hong , Quek Ser Tong
Published: May 2011

This paper presents an experimental study on effect of specimen size on the static strength and dynamic increase factor (DIF) of plain and fiber reinforced high-strength concrete determined from Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. Four types of specimens were used to determine the static strength of the concrete including (i) cylinders with the same size as that used for SHPB test (diameter (D)=77 mm and length (L)/D ratio=0.5), (ii) cylinders with the same diameter as that of SHPB but with L/D=2, (iii) standard cylinders of D100×200-mm, and (iv) 100-mm cubes. Results indicate that cylinders with the same diameter as those of the SHPB but with L/D=2 are suitable for determining the static strength to be used in DIF computations based on the stress state and failure patterns.
Based on a True Story: New Western Women and the Birth of Hollywood
Authors: Hallett Hilary A.
Published: May 2011

This article explores early publicity about Hollywood that promoted Los Angeles as a New West supporting a New Western Woman who became a key, if often slighted, element in the “grounding of modern feminism.” The New Western Woman was both an image that sought to attract more women into movie audiences and a reality that dramatized the unconventional and important roles played by women workers in the early motion picture industry. By describing these women as expertly navigating the city, the West, and professional ambitions simultaneously, this publicity created a booster literature that depicted Los Angeles as an urban El Dorado for single white women on the make. In response, tens of thousands of women moved west to work in the picture business, helping to make Los Angeles the first western boomtown where women outnumbered men.
The Unity of Knowledge and the Diversity of Knowers: Science as an Agent of Cultural Integration in the United States Between the Two World Wars
Authors: Hollinger David A.
Published: May 2011

During the 1930s the émigré philosophers of the Vienna Circle launched an ambitious program to create a more scientific culture, but they proved to be largely blind to indigenous American efforts along similar lines. Those scholars who study the Vienna Circle have too often ignored the intellectual power and broad appeal of these American efforts as led by John Dewey, Thorstein Veblen, Morris Cohen, and Sinclair Lewis. The émigrés developed as their chief enterprise The International Encyclopedia of Unified Science, which was dwarfed in size, appeal, and longterm historical significance by The International Encyclopedia of Unified Science brought out at the same historical moment by followers of Dewey. Both encyclopedias and the circles of intellectuals who sustained them illustrate the special appeal of scientific culture for The Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences intellectuals of Jewish origin throughout the North Atlantic West between the two World Wars.
Animal Sentience: Robert Bresson's Au hasard Balthazar
Authors: Cameron Sharon
Published: May 2011

In Robert Bresson's Au hasard Balthazar, through the filmic congruence of animal and human bodies that are brought into relation rhythmically rather than narratively, we are made to rethink the meaningfulness of distinctions that separate animal and human forms of embodiment—specifically, we are asked to rethink the roles of reason and will in making us who we are.
Living the Revolutionary Melodrama: Robespierre's Sensibility and the Construction of Political Commitment in the French Revolution
Authors: Andress David
Published: May 2011

Discussions of the “sentimentalism” of the French revolutionaries have risked oversimplifying the historical moment of sensibilité. Study of the career of Robespierre shows how such ideas formed a major structuring component of self-conception for him, while also inserting that self in a lived and shared narrative with profound emotional and political consequences.
The Counterrevolution Is Not Over: Commemorating Legh Richmond
Authors: Gilmartin Kevin
Published: May 2011

Recent critical interest in romantic-period evangelical literature has been shadowed by another recovery project outside the university, as American evangelical publishers have brought out devotional editions of the religious works of Hannah More and Legh Richmond written in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. While it is easy to dismiss this as cultural nostalgia, contemporary Christian publishers are alert to the enterprising and activist character of early evangelical tract literature. If there is a lapse of historicism about their recovery project, there is also another way of thinking about history and human agency.
Touching Books: Diderot, Novalis,and the Encyclopedia of the Future
Authors: Wellmon Chad
Published: May 2011

This article considers the reinvention of the Enlightenment encyclopedic tradition in a late eighteenth-century Germany overwhelmed by the proliferation of print. In particular, it traces a shift in the very metaphors of encyclopedic knowledge from those of vision that characterized Diderot and D'Alembert's Encyclopédie to those of touch that characterized the German poet Novalis's Allgemeine Brouillon.
Historical Perspectives
Authors: Toubas Paul-Louis
Published: May 2011

This first article in a series that tells of the difficult integration of women in neonatology over almost a century (1870 to 1945) will be followed by two other articles to cover the more recent period of exponential progress. At the end of the nineteenth century, many professions were closed to women, including medicine. The very few women who trickled through the doors of medical schools were relegated to the care of women and children. These pioneers, such as Mary Putnam Jacobi, Elizabeth Garrett, and Madeleine Brès, inspired other young women. Major societal changes for women, including the right to vote in a few countries, opened more doors to universities. Following World War I, the medical horizon widened for creative women physicians such as Ethel Collins Dunham, Virginia Apgar, Martha Eliot, and Mary Crosse, who participated in the creation of modern neonatal-perinatal medicine.
Neonatal Heart Surgery: Evaluation of Risk Factors
Authors: Ithuralde Mariano , Neirotti Rodolfo
Published: May 2011

Neonatal heart surgery directed at the prompt anatomic and physiologic restoration of the patient who has congenital heart disease has largely developed in the past 2 decades. To obtain the best possible results and minimize the multiple risks involved with such surgery, various considerations must be taken into account, including the institution where the surgery occurs, the human resources available, and the particular characteristics of the newborn. An accurate statistical analysis of the surgical outcomes allows an intelligent examination of the risk factors, continuous improvement through responsiveness of the parts and the process, and valid comparisons with other institutions.
Ebstein Anomaly in the Fetus: Preparing for the Perfect Storm
Authors: Truong Uyen T. , Hintz Susan R. , Tacy Theresa A.
Published: May 2011

The diagnosis and management of Ebstein anomaly from fetal to neonatal life is discussed in this review. Echocardiographic findings can be particularly helpful in understanding the physiologic impact of the disease and to guide management.
Reverse Differential Cyanosis: A Treatable Newborn Cardiac Emergency
Authors: Martin Thomas C.
Published: May 2011

Reverse differential cyanosis (upper extremity oxygen saturation less than lower extremity oxygen saturation) is a rare, formerly fatal condition. Usually seen with dextrotransposition of the great arteries (with persistent pulmonary hypertension or aortic interruption/coarctation), it can be treated successfully with oxygen, prostaglandin E1, atrial septotomy, nitric oxide, bosentan, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, followed by the arterial switch operation.
Psychosocial Functioning in Adults with Congenital Craniofacial Conditions
Authors: Roberts R.M. , Mathias J.L.
Published: May 2011

Objective

To examine the psychosocial functioning of adults with congenital craniofacial conditions relative to normative data.

Design

Single sample cross-sectional design.

Setting

The Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, which is one of the main craniofacial treatment centers in Australia.

Participants

Adults ( N = 93) with congenital craniofacial conditions (excluding cleft lip/palate) who were treated in the Australian Craniofacial Unit.

Main Outcome Measures

All participants completed self-report scales assessing health-related quality of life (SF-36); life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression (HADS); self-esteem (Rosenberg); appearance-related concerns; perceived social support; and social anxiety.

Results

Overall, participants were very similar in psychosocial function to the general population. However, adults with craniofacial conditions were less likely to be married and have children (females), were more likely to be receiving a disability pension, and reported more appearance-related concerns and less social support from friends. They also reported more limitations in both their social activities, due to physical or emotional problems, and usual role activities, because of emotional problems, as well as poorer mental health.

Conclusions

These results give cause to be very positive about the long-term outcomes of children who are undergoing treatment for craniofacial conditions, while also identifying specific areas that interventions could target.
Weed Science Research, Teaching, and Extension at Land-Grant Institutions in the United States and its Territories
Authors: Derr Jeffrey F. , Rana Aman
Published: May 2011

Weeds are one of the main limiting factors in crop production, causing billions of dollars in annual global losses through degraded agricultural and silvicultural productivity. Weeds also reduce access to land and water, impair aesthetics, and disrupt human activities and well-being. The number of positions devoted to weed science teaching, research, and extension at 76 land-grant institutions across the United States and its territories was determined and compared with that for plant pathology and entomology. The number of classes and graduate students in these disciplines at those institutions was also determined. There are more than four times as many entomologists and more than three times as many plant pathologists as weed scientists at land-grant institutions. There are approximately five times as many graduate students currently in entomology and almost three times as many in plant pathology compared with weed science. There are approximately five times as many entomology and two and a half times as many plant pathology undergraduate classes compared with weed science classes. These differences increase when graduate courses are considered. Most land-grant universities have either none or few graduate classes in weed science. There are more than six times as many graduate entomology courses and more than five times as many plant pathology courses compared with weed science graduate classes. There are no departments devoted solely to weed science, whereas entomology and plant pathology departments are both common. Most universities have little to no faculty assigned to ornamental, fruit, aquatic, or forestry weed control. Number of faculty assigned to vegetable, turf, non-crop, ecology, and basic/laboratory studies in weed science are also limited. Additional university resources are needed if weed science research, teaching, and extension efforts are to meet the priority needs for the management of weeds in the agricultural, natural resources, and urban ecosystems.
Germination of Weedy Rice in Response to Field Conditions during Winter
Authors: Fogliatto Silvia , Vidotto Francesco , Ferrero Aldo
Published: May 2011

Weedy rice is a problematic weed that infests paddy fields worldwide. Differing populations, with varying physiological and morphological traits, characterize this weed. In particular, seed dormancy makes its control difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate the germination behavior of five Italian weedy rice populations (two awnless, two awned, and one mucronate) after exposure of seeds to different field storage conditions (flooding, burial, and dry soil surface) during winter in two sites (Grugliasco and Vercelli, Italy). Seed samples were taken from each population, storage condition, and site, every 15 d for petri dish germinability testing. The two sites displayed slightly different germination patterns, which were probably due to the differing climatic conditions. One of the awned populations showed the highest (always exceeding 80%) and fastest germination percentage in all field conditions and sites, compared with the other four populations. Although flooding promoted germination in one awnless population, it delayed germination in two others (one awned and one awnless), attaining only 20% germination after more than 100 d. In all populations, burial delayed germination, whereas seed placement on the dry soil surface enhanced it. Our study indicated that autumn tillage that promotes weedy rice seed burial should be discouraged; spring tillage that exposes seeds to the soil surface and cause their depletion should be encouraged. The tested technique of winter flooding can also improve weedy rice control, despite its varying efficacy among populations. Cycles of flooding and drying followed by spring tillage might improve weedy rice seed control.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Tolerance to Propazine Applied Pre- and Postemergence
Authors: Keeling J. W. , Verett K. S. , Reed J. D. , Dotray P. A.
Published: May 2011

Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 near Lubbock and Lamesa, TX, to determine the effects of propazine alone and in combination with glyphosate applied PRE and POST on cotton growth, yield, and lint value (fiber quality). Propazine at 0.56, 0.84, and 1.12 kg ai ha−1and in combination with glyphosate at 0.86 kg ae ha−1was applied PRE, early POST, and mid-POST. Up to 11% injury was observed after propazine applied early POST and mid-POST at Lubbock in 1 of 2 yr, and up to 13% at all three application timings was observed at Lamesa in 1 of 2 yr. The greatest injury was observed 58 d after application following propazine at 1.12 kg ai ha−1applied PRE; however, no injury was apparent 80 d after application. Cotton yield, lint values, and gross revenues were not affected by any treatment.
Influence of Increasing Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) or Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Densities on Forage Nutritive Value and Yield in Tall Fescue Pastures and Hay Fields
Authors: Rosenbaum Kristin K. , Bradley K. W. , Roberts Craig A.
Published: May 2011

Separate field trials were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to investigate the effects of increasing densities of common ragweed or common cocklebur on total yield and forage nutritive values in tall fescue pastures. Common ragweed densities ranged from 0 to 188 plants m−2, and common cocklebur densities ranged from 0 to 134 plants m−2. Total biomass yields (weeds plus tall fescue) were determined in response to each weed density and species; pure samples of tall fescue, common ragweed, or common cocklebur were also hand collected from each plot at the time of the total biomass harvest. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to predict crude protein (CP) concentration and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of the total harvested biomass, pure tall fescue, and pure weed species in each plot. Results indicate that biomass yields may increase by as much as 5 kg ha−1with each additional common ragweed plant m−2within a tall fescue stand. Additionally, CP concentration of the total harvested biomass, pure weed species, and tall fescue decreased by 0.2 to 0.4 g kg−1with each additional increase in common ragweed or common cocklebur plant per m−2. As weed densities increased, IVTD of pure tall fescue samples increased only minimally (0.04%), regardless of the weed species. An increase in common ragweed density also resulted in the CP concentration of pure samples of common ragweed to decrease by 0.2 g kg−1for each additional plant per m2and by 0.4 g kg−1for each additional common cocklebur per m2. Overall, results from these experiments indicate that plant biomass yield and nutritive values of the total harvested biomass are only marginally influenced by increasing common ragweed or common cocklebur densities.
Preemergence and Postemergence Suppression of Kochia on Rights-of-Way
Authors: Lloyd Kirsten L. , Johnson Jon M. , Gover Arthur E. , Sellmer James C.
Published: May 2011

Kochia poses a challenge to vegetation management in both agricultural and noncrop areas. This species has developed widespread resistance to several herbicides with differing modes of action, including acetolactate synthase inhibitors and photosynthesis inhibitors. Resistance is also beginning to appear against the synthetic auxins and glycines. Therefore, alternative PRE and POST herbicides are needed for effective kochia management, especially in roadside bare-ground zones. Both PRE and POST herbicides were screened on rights-of-way in Pennsylvania. Mixtures containing diuron, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone, pendimethalin, prodiamine, and bromacil were evaluated for PRE activity in combination with glyphosate. POST kochia control was assessed for 15 noncrop herbicides. Results from all trials varied with kochia size and vigor at time of treatment. Although diuron is the current industry standard for PRE control in tank mixes, sulfentrazone appeared to have the most POST activity against vigorously growing kochia. All PRE herbicides evaluated performed better than the standard, sulfometuron plus chlorsulfuron alone. Dicamba, dicamba plus diflufenzopyr, fluroxypyr, and glyphosate performed best against kochia when applied POST. The recently available chemistries saflufenacil and aminocyclopyrachlor require further evaluation of application timing and use rates, respectively, for POST activity on kochia.
Imazethapyr plus Propanil Programs in Imidazolinone-Resistant Rice
Authors: Carlson Tyler P. , Webster Eric P. , Salassi Michael E. , Hensley Justin B. , Blouin David C.
Published: May 2011

Field studies were conducted in 2008 and 2009 near Crowley, Louisiana, to evaluate the addition of different propanil formulations in mixture with a standard imazethapyr program of 70 g ai ha−1early postemergence followed by (fb) 70 g ha−1late postemergence. Weeds evaluated included red rice, barnyardgrass, Texasweed, and alligatorweed. Control of all species with treatments, including a propanil formulation applied at 3,400 g ai ha−1, was equivalent to, or greater than, the standard imazethapyr program. Rough rice yield and economic returns were maximized when the propanil formulations of Propanil 1 or Propanil 3 were mixed with imazethapyr in the early postemergence applications. The addition of propanil to imazethapyr increased rough rice yield and economic returns because of improved weed control.
Differential Tolerance of Clearfield Rice Cultivars to Imazamox
Authors: Bond Jason A. , Walker Timothy W.
Published: May 2011

Field studies were conducted to compare the response of one inbred (‘CL161’) and two hybrid (‘CLXL729’ and ‘CLXL745’) Clearfield (CL) rice cultivars to imazamox. Imazamox was applied at 44 and 88 g ai ha−1to rice in the panicle initiation (PI) and PI plus 14 d (PI + 14) growth stages and at 44 g ha−1to rice in the midboot growth stage. Maturity of hybrid CL cultivars was delayed following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at PI + 14 and midboot. Furthermore, imazamox at 44 g ha−1, applied at midboot, delayed maturity of CLXL745 more than CLXL729. Expressed as a percentage of the weed-free control plots, rough rice yields for CLXL729 were 91% following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at PI + 14, 78% following imazamox at 44 g ha−1applied at midboot, and 77% for imazamox at 88 g ha−1applied at PI + 14. Rough rice yield for CLXL745 was 77 to 92% of the control following all imazamox treatments. All imazamox treatments reduced CLXL745 rough rice yield compared with CL161. Rough rice yield, pooled across CL cultivar, varied with imazamox treatment between years, and these differences may have been a consequence of lower temperatures and solar radiation in the first year. Hybrid CL cultivars CLXL729 and CLXL745 were less tolerant than was CL161 when imazamox was applied at nonlabeled rates (88 g ha−1) and/or timings (PI + 14 or midboot). Because of variability in rice growth stages and irregularities in imazamox application in commercial fields, inbred CL cultivars should be planted where an imazamox application will likely be required.
Response of Rice (Oryza sativa) to Low Rates of Glyphosate and Glufosinate
Authors: Davis Brad , Scott Robert C. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Gbur Edward
Published: May 2011

Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff farm near Lonoke to evaluate and compare the effects of low rates of glufosinate and glyphosate on rice. Two rice cultivars were seeded, and glyphosate and glufosinate were applied at 1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 of the labeled use rate of 870 g ae ha−1and 616 g ai ha−1, respectively, at the three- to four-leaf, panicle initiation (PI), and boot stages. Rice canopy height reductions, reduction in flag leaf length, prolonged maturity, and yield losses were caused by both herbicides at all evaluated application timings. Although both herbicides caused significant injury, symptoms varied greatly between the two herbicides. Glufosinate injury to rice was more rapid and visually intense than with glyphosate. Glufosinate symptoms, which consisted of rapid necrosis, were visible in 1 to 2 d, whereas glyphosate symptoms, stunting and chlorosis, became visible after 7 to 10 d or not at all depending on time of application. Glyphosate applied at the 1/2× rate to rice in the boot growth stage caused less than 10% injury at 3 wk after treatment but resulted in 80% yield loss. Glufosinate at boot caused 80% injury and 80% yield loss. Glyphosate symptoms from PI and boot timings were typically only visible at heading and included malformed panicles and shortened flag leaves. Harvested grain seed weights were reduced as much as 14% by either herbicide applied at PI and boot. Germination of harvested grain was not affected by any treatment. At the rates evaluated in this research, glufosinate-induced injury to rice can be just as detrimental as glyphosate in reducing yield.
Effect of Seeding Rate and Weed Control on Glyphosate-Resistant Alfalfa Establishment
Authors: Glaspie Calvin F. , McCordick S. Ann , Dietz Timothy S. , Kells James J. , Leep Richard H. , Everman Wesley J.
Published: May 2011

The introduction of glyphosate-resistant (GR) alfalfa offers a new weed management system for alfalfa establishment; however, alfalfa seeding rates are based on conventional cultivars. Determining optimum seeding rates allows forage producers to maximize yield, quality, and profitability with GR alfalfa. Field experiments were established in 2005 and 2006 to determine the effect of seeding rate and weed control on GR alfalfa yield, forage quality, and persistence up to 3 yr after establishment. Seeding rates of 4.5, 9.0, and 18 kg ha−1were evaluated. Weed control methods during the seeding year included no herbicide, glyphosate applied once before the first harvest, and glyphosate applied once before the first harvest and then 7 to 10 d following subsequent harvests. Alfalfa yield was greater at higher seeding rates and when weeds were removed with glyphosate. Season forage yields were the greatest with the 18 kg ha−1seeding rate and where no herbicide was applied. Weed biomass often was lower at the higher seeding rates and was 91 to 98% lower in the glyphosate treatments compared to the nontreated. Forage quality was not affected by seeding rate but varied by herbicide treatment depending on establishment year. Plant density increased with seeding rate and treatment effects persisted for three growing seasons. Herbicide treatment did not affect stand density as greatly as seeding rate and did not influence stand longevity.
Effects of cortical bone thickness at different healing times on microscrew stability
Authors: Wei Xing , Zhao Lixing , Xu Zhenrui , Tang Tian , Zhao Zhihe
Published: May 2011

Objective:

To compare the effects of different cortical bone thicknesses on the stability of microscrews at different healing times.

Materials:

Sixty-four microscrews were inserted into the femurs of eight beagles, with four microscrews for one femur of one beagle dog. The dogs were sacrificed at 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks after microscrew placement, respectively. All specimens were prepared for pullout testing. Cortical bone thickness was measured. Statistical analyses were conducted with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student-Neuman-Keuls (SNK) tests.

Results:

Pullout forces in thick cortical bone sites are significantly higher than those in thin sites at 0 week and 3 weeks. For both thick and thin cortical bone thickness sites, the highest pullout forces were seen in the 0 week group and the lowest in the 3 week group. In the thin cortical bone thickness sites, the pullout force of the 3 week group was statistically different from those of the 6 week group and the 9 week group; however, no such differences were noted in thick cortical bone thickness sites.

Conclusion:

Microscrews inserted into thick cortical bone thickness sites had better stability than those inserted into thin cortical bone thickness sites at early healing time. The difference diminished and became insignificant as healing time got longer. Longer healing time may be necessary if microscrews are inserted into thin cortical bone thickness sites.
Covariant version of the Stinespring type theorem for Hilbert C*-modules
Authors: Joiţa Maria
Published: May 2011

In this paper, we prove a covariant version of the Stinespring theorem for Hilbert C*-modules. Also, we show that there is a bijective correspondence between operator valued completely positive maps, (u′, u)-covariant with respect to the dynamical system (G, η, X) on Hilbert C*-modules and (u′, u)-covariant operator valued completely positive maps on the crossed product G ×η
X of X by η.
An algorithm for primary decomposition in polynomial rings over the integers
Authors: Pfister Gerhard , Sadiq Afshan , Steidel Stefan
Published: May 2011

We present an algorithm to compute a primary decomposition of an ideal in a polynomial ring over the integers. For this purpose we use algorithms for primary decomposition in polynomial rings over the rationals, resp. over finite fields, and the idea of Shimoyama-Yokoyama, resp. Eisenbud-Hunecke-Vasconcelos, to extract primary ideals from pseudo-primary ideals. A parallelized version of the algorithm is implemented in Singular. Examples and timings are given at the end of the article.
Asbestos in Poland: Occupational health problems
Authors: Szeszenia-Dąbrowska Neonila , Świątkowska Beata , Szubert Zuzanna , Wilczyńska Urszula
Published: May 2011

The presentation addresses current problems of health risk and health effects associated with exposure to asbestos, including data on historical exposure and on currently valid occupational exposure limits. The quantity and types of the raw material used for the production of various asbestos products have also been discussed in relation to the particular types of asbestos-induced occupational diseases. The authors describe the medical care system for former asbestos workers and those currently exposed during removal of asbestos-containing products. The national system for medical certification of occupational asbestos-related diseases and the compensation procedure have been outlined as well. According to the parliamentary Act of 1997, importing, manufacture and sale of asbestos and asbestos-containing materials are prohibited in Poland. Thus, the assessment of asbestos exposure and the monitoring of health conditions of workers at asbestos-processing plants have become irrelevant. However, the delayed health effects attributable to past exposure continue to be the matter of concern for public health. Likewise, the environmental pollution from asbestos waste landfills in the vicinity of asbestos-processing plants (where high levels of asbestos fibre in ambient air have been recorded) will continue to be a serious public health problem. Presently, two programmes aimed at minimising the adverse effects of asbestos on population health are underway. One of them is the governmental programme for “Elimination of asbestos and asbestos-containing products used in Poland, 2002–2032”. The programme was updated in 2009 to cover the workers contracted to perform demolition works and provide protective covers to asbestos waste landfills. This will be the exposed group who need prophylactic health care. The other is a programme of prophylactic examinations for former asbestos workers and is referred to as the AMIANTUS programme. Both programmes have been briefly described.
Numerical simulation of the 3D unsteady turbulent flow in a combustion chamber
Authors: Stuparu Adrian , Holotescu Sorin
Published: May 2011

The influence of turbulence models on the 3D unsteady flow in a combustion chamber with a central bluff body is analyzed. Three different turbulence models are used (realizable k-ε, Reynolds Stress Model and Large Eddy Simulation) and a comparison is made on the evolution of the velocity field over time. The numerical simulation of the gas flow in the combustion chamber was performed using FLUENT 6.3 software and the computational geometry, consisting of a structured mesh with 810,000 cells, was built using the pre-processor GAMBIT 2.4. The extent of the recirculation region behind the bluff body was determined for each turbulence model.
The Reduction of Islam and Muslims in Ontario's Social Studies Textbooks
Authors: Ali Mehrunnisa Ahmad , Salem Nashwa , Oueslati Béchir , Andrew Marie , Quirke Lisa
Published: May 2011

Representations of Islam in Ontario's social studies textbooks portray a dehistoricized view of a religion that is disconnected from other monotheistic religions. The varied and complex socio-political and ideological locations of Muslims in historical and current contexts are reduced to simplistic, often negative depictions, either as irrational aggressors or victims of poverty and underdevelopment. More nuanced, historically grounded, and multifaceted representations are called for, in order to promote a more inclusive society in Ontario.
Teaching about Islam in the History Curriculum and in Textbooks in France
Authors: Estivalèzes Mireille
Published: May 2011

French society is pluricultural and multireligious, and Islam is its second largest religion. For this reason, schools have to promote better understanding and greater tolerance among pupils. In this context, the history curriculum and history textbooks serve to de ne knowledge and historical memory. In this article, I will analyze the treatment of Islam and the Muslim world in a sample of French textbooks, and identify some of the bias and stereotypes they still convey. I will also explain how this depiction of Islam and the Muslim world has evolved over the last ten years.
Muslims in Catalonian Textbooks
Authors: Rasero Lluís Samper , Bochaca Jordi Garreta
Published: May 2011

Textbooks are basic elements that shape the school curriculum. Despite the democratization and decentralization of the Spanish educational system, a certain ideological inertia and bias with respect to their contents and focus persists. The study presented here is based on an empirical analysis of the contents of 264 books used at the primary (6-11 years), secondary (12-14 years) and baccalaureate (15-16 years) levels. The results point to the existence of an "unstated" curriculum, where only brief mention of Islam, Arabs and Muslims, and their presence in Spain predominate. These are usually accompanied by images - for cognitive support - that serve to maintain an exotic, anti-modern, anti-Western and, in other words, an "Orientalist" image of this group.
Perceptions du traitement de l'islam et du monde musulman dans les manuels d'histoire par des enseignants du secondaire au Québec
Authors: Triki-Yamani Amina , McAndrew Marie , El Shourbagi Sahar
Published: May 2011

Perceptions of the Treatment of Islam and the Muslim World in History Textbooks by Secondary School Teachers in Quebec

This article focuses on the ways in which Francophone Quebecois secondary 1 and 2 junior high school teachers adapt and transmit the treatment of Islam and the Muslim world in textbooks used for history and citizenship education. The authors focus on the teachers' capacity to identify factual errors, stereotypes or ethnocentric biases concerning these questions. In order to do this, they analyze fourteen semi-structured interviews carried out with teachers on the island of Montreal, considering dimensions and indicators that relate to their relationship to the formal curriculum, as well as to scholarly and social knowledge of these issues. At the same time, we consider their relationship to the real curriculum or to scholarly knowledge as these are transmitted in real-life learning situations.

French
Notre article porte sur la manière dont les enseignants du premier cycle du secondaire québécois francophone s'approprient et transmettent le traitement de l'islam et du monde musulman dans le matériel didactique de la discipline d'histoire et d'éducation à la citoyenneté et plus particulièrement, sur leur capacité à identi er les erreurs factuelles, les stéréotypes ou les biais ethnocentriques concernant ces questions. Pour ce faire, nous avons relevé, dans l'analyse des quatorze entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès d'enseignants de l'Ile-de-Montréal, les dimensions et indicateurs portant, d'une part, sur leur rapport au curriculum prescrit, et plus précisément sur leur rapport aux savoirs scolaires, sociaux et parfois de référence sur ces enjeux, et, d'autre part, sur leur rapport au curriculum réel ou aux savoirs scolaires tels que transmis en situation réelle d'apprentissage.
Regiones, régions, regions, everywhere…. But what about the people? Why Regions & Cohesion
Authors: Koff Harlan , Maganda Carmen
Published: May 2011

Since the end of the Cold War in 1990, “regions” and “governance” have become prominent themes in the social sciences and they have often accompanied each other in both political and academic circles. During this historical period, regions have developed in many ways, including the proliferation and deepening of regional integration schemes, including among others, the enlargement of the European Union (EU), the establishment of the North American Free Trade Agreement, the passage of the Organization of African Unity to the African Union, and the transformation of the Andean Pact into the Andean Community. While world regions were being established at the supranational level, sub-national regions also began to take form. The 1990s witnessed the development of regional economies, regional identities, regionalist ideologies, political parties, and social movements. In many cases, these transformations could not be contained by national boundaries. The notion of “borders” has recently been replaced by “border regions” as these areas have become accepted as socially constructed territories that transcend political and geographic delineations.
La integración en América Latina: Entre el pasado y el futuro
Authors: Vengoa Hugo Fazio
Published: May 2011

The article begins by analyzing the structural and contextual factors as well as the problematic asymmetries that have paralyzed integration efforts in Latin America at the beginning of this new century. Subsequently, the author proposes a model of social, ethical, and culturally inclusive integration in a cosmopolitan spirit.

Spanish
El artículo analiza en un primer momento los factores estructurales coyunturales y las problemáticas asimetrías que han conducido a la parálisis de los esfuerzos integradores en América Latina en los inicios del nuevo siglo. En un segundo momento se propone un esquema de integración social, ética y culturalmente incluyente dentro de un espíritu cosmopolita.

French
Cet article commence par analyser les facteurs structurels et contextuels ainsi que les asymétries problématiques qui ont paralysé les efforts d'intégration en Amérique Latine au début de ce nouveau siècle. Ensuite, l'auteur propose un modèle d'intégration sociale, éthique et culturellement inclusif, basé sur une logique cosmopolite.