bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocol: Developing a framework to improve glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Fina Lubaki Jean-Pierre , Omole Olufemi Babatunde , Francis Joel Msafiri
Published: September 2022

In Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), between 68–86% of patients with type 2 diabetes present with poor glycaemic control leading to increased risk of complications and high cost of care. Identifying the factors driving glycaemic control is essential for better management. There is lack of data on factors associated with poor glycaemic control and targeted interventions in the DRC. This study aims to determine the factors associated with type 2 diabetes control and develop an appropriate intervention package in Kinshasa. The study will comprise of three sub-studies as follows: the first sub-study being a concurrent parallel mixed-methods cross-sectional study to determine factors driving poor glycaemic control among patients in Kinshasa. A total of 614 patients will be invited to participate in a cross-sectional study and respond to standardized questionnaires. A minimum of 20 purposively selected patients will participate in the qualitative study that will involve in-depth interviews about their perspectives on glycaemic control. In the quantitative study, multivariable logistic regression will be performed to determine factors associated with glycaemic control, after identifying the confounding factors. In the qualitative study, thematic analysis will be performed. Findings of the quantitative and qualitative studies on factors that are associated with glycaemic control will be triangulated. And allow to conduct the second sub-study, a qualitative inquiry with a minimum of 20 healthcare providers and 20 patients, selected purposively, to explore their perspectives about potential interventions to improve glycaemic control. At the last, the findings of both sub-studies will be subjected to an anonymous electronic three-round process Delphi study involving 25 stakeholders on the intervention package to develop a framework to optimise glycaemic control in Kinshasa. The implementation of the intervention package will occur after the completion of this study with expected substantial impact on the patients, healthcare providers, and health system.
The use of telehealth in the provision of after-hours palliative care services in rural and remote Australia: A scoping review
Authors: Namasivayam Pathmavathy , Bui Dung T. , Low Christine , Barnett Tony , Bridgman Heather , Marsh Pauline , Lee Simone
Published: September 2022

Background

Accessing quality palliative care, especially at the end of life is vital in reducing physical and emotional distress and optimising quality of life. For people living in rural and remote Australia, telehealth services can be effective in providing access to after-hours palliative care.

Objective

To review and map the available evidence on the use of telehealth in providing after-hours palliative care services in rural and remote Australia.

Method

Scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework. Findings are reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, Embase via Ovid, Emcare via Ovid, and Medline via Ovid databases were searched. Peer-reviewed studies and grey literature published in English from 2000 to May 2021 were included.

Results

Twelve studies were included in the review. Four main themes were identified: 1) Stakeholder perceptions of service; 2) benefits to services and users; 3) service challenges; and 4) recommendations for service improvement.

Conclusion

Telehealth can connect patients and families with healthcare professionals and enable patients to continue receiving care at home. However, challenges relating to patients, service, staff skills, and experience need to be overcome to ensure the success and sustainability of this service. Improved communication and care coordination, better access to patient records, and ongoing healthcare professional education are required.

Implications

Protocols, comprehensive policy documents and standardized operating procedures to guide healthcare professionals to provide after-hours palliative care is needed. Ongoing education and training for staff is crucial in managing patients’ symptoms. Existing service gaps need to be explored and alternative models of after-hours palliative care need to be tested.
A path planning approach for mobile robots using short and safe Q-learning
Authors: Du He , Hao Bing , Zhao Jianshuo , Zhang Jiamin , Wang Qi , Yuan Qi
Published: September 2022

Path planning is a major challenging problem for mobile robots, as the robot is required to reach the target position from the starting position while simultaneously avoiding conflicts with obstacles. This paper refers to a novel method as short and safe Q-learning to alleviate the short and safe path planning task of mobile robots. To solve the slow convergence of Q-learning, the artificial potential field is utilized to avoid random exploration and provides a priori knowledge of the environment for mobile robots. Furthermore, to speed up the convergence of the Q-learning and reduce the computing time, a dynamic reward is proposed to facilitate the mobile robot towards the target point. The experiments are divided into two parts: short and safe path planning. The mobile robot can reach the target with the optimal path length in short path planning, and away from obstacles in safe path planning. Experiments compared with the state-of-the-art algorithm demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed approach. Concluded, the path length, computing time and turning angle of SSQL is increased by 2.83%, 23.98% and 7.98% in short path planning, 3.64%, 23.42% and 12.61% in safe path planning compared with classical Q-learning. Furthermore, the SSQL outperforms other optimization algorithms with shorter path length and smaller turning angles.
The incidence, prevalence, and contributing factors of overweight and obesity among adolescent population of India: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Jena Samanta Lopamudra , Parida Jayashree , Badamali Jagatdarshi , Pradhan Abinash , Singh Prasant Kumar , Mishra Bijaya Kumar , Patra Prasanna Kumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Kaur Harpreet , Acharya Subhendu Kumar
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Overweight and obesity among the adolescent population are emerging as worldwide epidemics. Its increasing occurrence in India is highly concerning. Amidst the burden of malnutrition, where undernutrition is a long-standing health problem, the rising concerns around childhood overweight/obesity has several repercussions for this population. The aim of this scoping review is to map the evidence of the prevalence and contributing factors of overweight and obesity among adolescents (10 to 19 years) in the Indian population.

Methods

The study will be conducted according to the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs institute Reviewers’ manual. The Population, Concept and Context strategy (PCC) will ensure the review questions, eligibility criteria, and search strategy. The Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) will be used for the findings of the study of Scoping Review. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), Version- 2018 will be used to assess the methodological quality of all relevant studies. Literature search will be done using electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane library by specific keywords such as “prevalence”; “overweight”; “obesity”; “obese”; “malnutrition”; “BMI”; “adolescent”; “teenager”; and “youth” etc. Additional studies will be considered using cross-references.
Inadvertent QRS prolongation by an optimization device-based algorithm in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Sedláček Kamil , Polášek Rostislav , Jansová Helena , Grieco Domenico , Kučera Pavel , Kautzner Josef , Francis Darrel P. , Wichterle Dan
Published: September 2022

Background

Device-based algorithms offer the potential for automated optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), but the process for accepting them into clinical use is currently still ad-hoc, rather than based on pre-clinical and clinical testing of specific features of validity. We investigated how the QuickOpt-guided VV delay (VVD) programming performs against the clinical and engineering heuristic of QRS complex shortening by CRT.

Methods

A prospective, 2-center study enrolled 37 consecutive patients with CRT. QRS complex duration (QRSd) was assessed during intrinsic atrioventricular conduction, synchronous biventricular pacing, and biventricular pacing with QuickOpt-proposed VVD. The measurements were done manually by electronic calipers in signal-averaged and magnified 12-lead QRS complexes.

Results

Native QRSd was 174 ± 22 ms. Biventricular pacing with empiric AVD and synchronous VVD resulted in QRSd 156 ± 20 ms, a significant narrowing from the baseline QRSd by 17 ± 27 ms, P = 0.0003. In 36 of 37 patients, the QuickOpt algorithm recommended left ventricular preexcitation with VVD of 42 ± 18 ms (median 40 ms; interquartile range 30–55 ms, P <0.00001). QRSd in biventricular pacing with QuickOpt-based VVD was significantly longer compared with synchronous biventricular pacing (168 ± 25 ms vs. 156 ± 20 ms; difference 12 ± 11ms; P <0.00001). This prolongation correlated with the absolute VVD value (R = 0.66, P <0.00001).

Conclusions

QuickOpt algorithm systematically favours a left-preexcitation VVD which translates into a significant prolongation of the QRSd compared to synchronous biventricular pacing. There is no reason to believe that a manipulation that systematically widens QRSd should be considered to optimize physiology. Device-based CRT optimization algorithms should undergo systematic mechanistic pre-clinical evaluation in various scenarios before they are tested in large clinical studies.
The clinical performance of ultra-low-dose shoulder CT scans: The assessment on image and physical 3D printing models
Authors: Lei Ming , Zhang Meng , Luo Niyuan , Ye Jingzhi , Lin Fenghuan , Chen Yanxia , Chen Jun , Xiao Mengqiang
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Evaluation of the clinical performance of ultra-low-dose computed tomography (CT) images of the shoulder joint on image-based diagnosis and three-dimensional (3D) printing surgical planning.

Materials and methods

A total of 93 patients with displaced shoulder fractures were randomly divided into standard-dose, low-dose, and ultra-low-dose groups. Three-dimensional printing models of all patients’ shoulder joints were fabricated. The subjective image quality and 3D-printing model were evaluated by two senior orthopedic surgeons who were blinded to any scanning setting. A 3-point scale system was used to quantitatively assess the image quality and 3D printing model, where more than 2 points meant adequate level for clinical application.

Results

Compared with the standard dose protocol, ultra-low-dose technique reduced the radiation dose by 99.29% without loss of key image quality of fracture pattern. Regarding the subjective image quality, the assessment scores for groups of standard, low, and ultra-low doses were 3.00, 2.76, 2.00 points on scapula and humerus, and 3.00, 2.73, 2.44 points on clavicle. Scores of the three groups for the assessment of 3D printing models were 3.00, 2.80, 1.34 on scapula and humerus, and 3.00, 2.90, 2.06 on clavicle. In the ultra-low-dose group, 24 out of 33 (72.7%) 3D printing models of scapula and humerus received lower than 2 points of the evaluation score, while nearly 94% of the clavicle models reached the adequate level.

Conclusion

An ultra-low-dose protocol is adequate for the diagnosis of either displaced or non-displaced fractures of the shoulder joint even though minor flaws of images are present. Three-dimensional printing models of shoulder joints created from ultra-low-dose CT scans can be used for surgical planning at specific bone like the clavicle but perform insufficiently in the overall surgical planning for shoulder injuries due to the significant geometric flaws.
Light chain 2 is a Tctex-type related axonemal dynein light chain that regulates directional ciliary motility in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Godar Subash , Oristian James , Hinsch Valerie , Wentworth Katherine , Lopez Ethan , Amlashi Parastoo , Enverso Gerald , Markley Samantha , Alper Joshua Daniel
Published: September 2022

Flagellar motility is essential for the cell morphology, viability, and virulence of pathogenic kinetoplastids. Trypanosoma brucei flagella beat with a bending wave that propagates from the flagellum’s tip to its base, rather than base-to-tip as in other eukaryotes. Thousands of dynein motor proteins coordinate their activity to drive ciliary bending wave propagation. Dynein-associated light and intermediate chains regulate the biophysical mechanisms of axonemal dynein. Tctex-type outer arm dynein light chain 2 (LC2) regulates flagellar bending wave propagation direction, amplitude, and frequency in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, the role of Tctex-type light chains in regulating T. brucei motility is unknown. Here, we used a combination of bioinformatics, in-situ molecular tagging, and immunofluorescence microscopy to identify a Tctex-type light chain in the procyclic form of T. brucei (TbLC2). We knocked down TbLC2 expression using RNAi in both wild-type and FLAM3, a flagellar attachment zone protein, knockdown cells and quantified TbLC2’s effects on trypanosome cell biology and biophysics. We found that TbLC2 knockdown reduced the directional persistence of trypanosome cell swimming, induced an asymmetric ciliary bending waveform, modulated the bias between the base-to-tip and tip-to-base beating modes, and increased the beating frequency. Together, our findings are consistent with a model of TbLC2 as a down-regulator of axonemal dynein activity that stabilizes the forward tip-to-base beating ciliary waveform characteristic of trypanosome cells. Our work sheds light on axonemal dynein regulation mechanisms that contribute to pathogenic kinetoplastids’ unique tip-to-base ciliary beating nature and how those mechanisms underlie dynein-driven ciliary motility more generally.
Az iskola-szülő kapcsolat elemzése szülői percepciók alapján egy
székelyföldi, periférikus vidéki térségben
Authors: Szász Mária-Magdolna , Sárosi-Blága Ágnes
Published: September 2022

A tanulmány a székelyföldi, öt településből álló Kászoni-medencében,
szülők körében, 2020-2021-ben végzett interjús adatfelvétel alapján (25
félig-strukturált interjú), vidékfejlesztési, fejlesztéspolitikai fókuszban
elemzi az iskola-szülő kapcsolatot. Röviden áttekinti a rurális iskolák
társadalmi elfogadottságával és társadalmi szerepének újraértelmezésével,
valamint azon belül a szülői bevonódással kapcsolatos szakmai
megközelítéseket. A tanulmány háttéranyagát képező doktori kutatás témája a
szülői bevonódás vizsgálata az epsteini (Epstein, 1987) szülő-iskola
partnerkapcsolati modell alapján, amelyben a szülői bevonódás öt dimenziója
különül el. Ehhez a kutatáshoz kapcsolódóan jelen írás egy részelemzés,
amely három elemzési szempont alapján bemutatja a szülők iskolához és
együttműködéshez való viszonyulásmódját: (1) oktatási nevelési tevékenység,
(2) intézményi működés, (3) partnerség. Az elemzési eredmények azt jelzik,
hogy a célcsoportot egy iskolával szembeni távolságtartó, perfekcionista
attitűd jellemzi, amely a jelenlegi iskolaműködési modellhez képest
irreálisnak tűnő elvárásokkal és a partnerségre vonatkozó kezdetleges
elképzelésekkel társul. A tanulmány következtetése az, hogy az iskola
életébe való szülői bevonódás fontos kiindulópontja lehet az iskola-szülő
kapcsolat fejlesztésének, az együttműködési keretek kialakításának, amely
hosszútávon nem csak a rurális iskolák működésére, versenyképességére,
hanem a helyi közösség szerveződésére is pozitív hatással lehet.
Quality Indicators for Capsule Endoscopy and Deep Enteroscopy
Authors: Leighton Jonathan A. , Brock Andrew S. , Semrad Carol E. , Hass David J. , Guda Nalini M. , Barkin Jodie A. , Eisen Glenn M.
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Capsule endoscopy (CE) and deep enteroscopy (DE) can be useful for diagnosing and treating suspected small-bowel disease. Guidelines and detailed recommendations exist for the use of CE/DE, but comprehensive quality indicators are lacking. The goal of this task force was to develop quality indicators for appropriate use of CE/DE by using a modified RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.

METHODS:

An expert panel of 7 gastroenterologists with diverse practice experience was assembled to identify quality indicators. A literature review was conducted to develop a list of proposed quality indicators applicable to preprocedure, intraprocedure, and postprocedure periods. The panelists reviewed the literature; identified and modified proposed quality indicators; rated them on the basis of scientific evidence, validity, and necessity; and determined proposed performance targets. Agreement and consensus with the proposed indicators were verified using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.

RESULTS:

The voting procedure to prioritize metrics emphasized selecting measures to improve quality and overall patient care. Panelists rated indicators on the perceived appropriateness and necessity for clinical practice. After voting and discussion, 2 quality indicators ranked as inappropriate or uncertain were excluded. Each quality indicator was categorized by measure type, performance target, and summary of evidence. The task force identified 13 quality indicators for CE and DE.

DISCUSSION:

Comprehensive quality indicators have not existed for CE or DE. The task force identified quality indicators that can be incorporated into clinical practice. The panel also addressed existing knowledge gaps and posed research questions to better inform future research and quality guidelines for these procedures.
A New Beat, Generations Later
Authors: Lespinasse Patricia G.
Published: September 2022

The introduction establishes the origins of the book’s title – Duke Ellington’s album The Drum Is a Woman – and lays the groundwork for the author’s exploration of the complex relationship between women and modern jazz music in contemporary African diasporic literature. The author asserts that the classic blues tradition has been resurrected in the literary contributions of African American women writers. The interplay between oral tradition, the jazz moment of improvisation, and Wild Women can be seen throughout the texts as women writers use improvisation, jazz’s quintessential element, to expand on and substantially revise the role of Black women in jazz discourse.
Musical Signifyin(g)
Authors: Lespinasse Patricia G.
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on the language of resistance and analyzes the language of the jazz text and its relationship to African American oral tradition. The chapter focuses on moments of “musical signifying” – the rhetorical use of musical tropes subsumed under the master trope of call and response: calls, cries, hollers – and outlines a theory of cry-response. The chapter explores how the silences, breaks, and inarticulate utterings signify on the improvisation inherent in the cry-response dialogue and Jones’ use of ritualized dialogue as another form resistance. The chapter maintains that Corregidora serves as a critique of African American oral tradition and the limitations of language to “speak” or “bear witness” to the emotional experience of generations of African American women who bear the legacy of slavery.
The Jazz Moment
Authors: Lespinasse Patricia G.
Published: September 2022

This chapter suggests that the Trueblood episode in Invisible Man can be used as a lens to compare and contrast the “jazz moment” in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. The chapter explores the complex issue of incestuous rape and suggests that Morrison’s novel echoes the Trueblood episode through Cholly and Pecola Breedlove’s narrative. The author argues that Morrison pushes the boundaries of that episode beyond the “blues idiom” and into the realm of the “jazz moment” of resistance. Morrison constructs the jazz moment, within the context of the African American family, as a moment of incestuous violence drawing attention to internal issues of the African American family and by extension, the African American community.
“She’s a Princess, and I’m a Pile of Crap”
Authors: Stein Kevin A. , Barton Matthew H. , Challis Arthur T.
Published: September 2022

This chapter consists of an examination of novel theoretical developments unfolding in academic studies of apologia; in particular, the area of image repair in sports. Through the use of several hypothetical models, the authors scrutinize contemporary efforts to reassess the tainted reputation of figure skater Tonya Harding, the presumed mastermind of the 1994 attack on her U.S. team rival Nancy Kerrigan. Referring to these particular efforts as “retroactive apologia,” the authors extract data to determine how once-stained reputations that seem destined to remain that way may be afforded an opportunity for rehabilitation through well-structured and deliberate strategies.
Symbolic Rupture
Authors: Carroll Brian
Published: September 2022

Ceremonies and patriotic pageants are typically immune to symbolic challenge, but the rankling of political and corporate elites over the Colin Kaepernick-led protests that saw a number of National Football League (NFL) players kneeling during the traditional pre-game playing of the “Star-Spangled Banner” suggests that a line has been drawn as it pertains to the nation’s anthem. Despite safeguards embedded in the U.S. Constitution regarding freedom of speech and expression, Kaepernick, a former NFL quarterback who steered the San Francisco 49ers to the 2012 Super Bowl, has since the initial August 2016 protests been collectively (albeit unofficially) barred from participation following the end of that season while subsequently emerging as one of the primary voices in the social justice movements of the early twenty-first century. Challenging the presumption that silently ‘taking a knee’ during the anthem is tantamount to subversion, Brian Carroll explores the racial implications of this ongoing controversy that he contends mirrors the contemporary embrace of ‘reality television’ and is enveloped in a debased form of patriotism.
“Russian Sensation” or “Mean Girl”?
Authors: Magrath Rory
Published: September 2022

Maria Sharapova was once one of the most marketable athletes of the past decade. Her 15-month ban from tennis due to performance enhancing drugs was met with a lack of sympathy from her peers and a withdrawal of most of her sponsorship agreements. This chapter analyzes Sharapova’s career, the effect her ban had on tennis, and whether gendered assumptions explain some of the backlash against her.
Jason Collins, Michael Sam, and the Challenge of Coming Out in Men’s Team Sport
Authors: Billings Andrew C. , Moscowitz Leigh M. , Lewis Melvin
Published: September 2022

This chapter compares and contrasts Jason Collins’ and Michael Sam’s coming out narratives, and how specific factors linked and impacted both men. While neither distinguished himself athletically, both men are often presented in tandem with Jackie Robinson for pioneering this next frontier in American spectator sport.
Introduction
Authors: Rabitsch Stefan , Fuchs Michael
Published: September 2022

In their introduction, Stefan Rabitsch and Michael Fuchs survey the historical development and myriad permutations of the American city and its entanglements with the global(ized) fantastic imaginary. The introduction defines nine characteristics of the Fantastic City: it is representational, scripted, modular, transnational, hierarchized vertically; it stimulates mobility; and it expands horizontally and thus incorporates its surroundings. Most importantly, the Fantastic City is a palimpsest, as the American city is constantly re-defined and re-imagined. In so doing, Rabitsch and Fuchs outline the central premise of this volume—that the (fantastic) American city first has to be imagined before it becomes believable, accessible, and meaningful.
Imagining Digital Cities
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Lahm Sarah
Published: September 2022

In their contribution to this volume, Michael Fuchs and Sarah Lahm tackle the utopian ideas projected onto virtual realities. By examining the various incarnations of virtual Los Angeles in the film The Thirteenth Floor, the emerging urban centers of Boston and New York City in the video game Assassin’s Creed III, and the virtual city in the movie TRON: Legacy, Fuchs and Lahm demonstrate that spatial metaphors are key to imagining restrictions in virtual urban spaces. These restrictions, they argue, are built into the codes of virtual cities and emblematic of our post-industrial moment, in which “choice” may be one of the key concepts. These choices, however, primarily revolve around prefabricated decisions in the neoliberal marketplace, which raises the complex question of in how far we can, in fact, act autonomously.
Sleep Dealer; or, Tijuana, Ciudad del Futuro
Authors: Jesse Ramírez J.
Published: September 2022

In his chapter, Jesse Ramírez examines the Mexican cyberpunk movie Sleep Dealer. Looking at the United States from the outside, Sleep Dealer not only reveals another “America” just south of U.S. territory, but also problematizes the global effects of American policies. Ramírez argues that Sleep Dealer transforms Tijuana into a place where alternative futures may be envisioned.
Olympia, Wilderness, and Consumption in Laird Barron’s Old Leech Cycle
Authors: Glover John
Published: September 2022

John Glover’s contribution to this volume discusses the capital of Washington state, Olympia. This relatively small city, which houses less than 50,000, and its surroundings provide the spatial backdrop to the cosmic horrors of Laird Barron. Focusing on the Old Leech story cycle, Glover suggests that Olympia becomes not only a site where the civilized spaces of the city and the wilderness of the surrounding countryside intersect, but also where the specters of Native American displacement and extermination as well as present-day environmental concerns converge.
New Thought Activism
Authors: Karpf Juanita
Published: September 2022

Hackley embraced principles associated with the New Thought Movement and interwove these tenets into her activist philosophy. She became the earliest African American leader in this ecumenical Movement, which still enjoys considerable currency among African Americans. Hackley stressed New Thought’s utility for blacks as an alternative to white-dominated Protestant denominations. New Thought followers advocate mental healing, transcendentalism, the power of personal magnetism, and the potential of mental concentration and optimism to overcome personal, racial and political adversity. Many New Thought followers also subscribe to a benign application of eugenics and Hackley believed in the potential of empowered and responsible pregnancy and parenting to improve and uplift the race. Proponents of New Thought also give priority to charitable initiatives and in this regard Hackley established the Foreign Scholarship Program. Through her tireless fundraising efforts, she helped to fund promising black musicians in their efforts to secure additional study, especially overseas.
Appropriative Roots and (Un?)Feminist Resonances of the Goddess Myth
Authors: Magoulick Mary J.
Published: September 2022

The overall argument and key terms like myth, popular culture, and feminism are introduced, along with typical patterns of such stories in our culture. Problems with presentations of powerful women and many analyses thereof are explored. Tourism in prehistory and considerations of popular culture goddess patterns spurred this study. Why do goddesses and powerful women appeal to us, and why do we readily appropriate the ancient past in imagining them? Feminist theory and study receive a general overview in terms of aspects that will be applied.
One Time, One Place
Authors: Trefzer Annette
Published: September 2022

This chapter refers to One Time, One Place as one of Eudora Welty's published works with Random House. The photographic work had been Welty's public debut wherein she had complete control over the selection, organization, presentation, and treatment of her pictures in the book. Welty showcased the racial dynamics of African Americans in her collection, which offered individualized narratives of human struggles. One Time, One Place is regarded as a visual narrative that retroactively chronicles a historical community of Blacks and whites in the segregated South of the 1930s. The chapter details how the collection is sectioned as workday, Saturday, and Sunday.
Institutional Landscapes
Authors: Trefzer Annette
Published: September 2022

This chapter tackles the institutional landscapes and architectural landmarks found in Eudora Welty's photographic archive of places. Her landscape photographs did not gain as much traction as her other works, but the photos exhibit the institutional and racial landscapes amidst the Jim Crow segregation. Welty's photographs also feature the Old Capitol and New Capitol in Jackson focusing on architectural styles and their respective social connotations. Mississippi's institutional history and state government are showcased in a way that reflects the issues of control and social justice. Welty's photographs of institutional city space were capable of generating resonances for viewers due to the new meanings found at different moments in time.
Leisure Landscapes
Authors: Trefzer Annette
Published: September 2022

This chapter looks into Eudora Welty's photograph of leisure landscape. In the Mississippi State Fair, Welty managed to photograph a black trumpeter player in delight. However, despite the exalting perspective of the photograph, the general public might have other interpretations of the message. The chapter discusses framing leisure spaces with the reference to Welty's statement that the Great Depression put numerous circuses out of the show during war years. One of Welty's photographs of the circus features how the fair environment is gendered and separated into spaces owned by men and women. Welty examines the potential of public space to obfuscate racial or social boundaries.
Introduction
Authors: Meyer Abbye E.
Published: September 2022

This manuscript defines young adult literature as a set of texts about adolescence and most often for adolescents; with a distinctive young adult voice based in disability, illness, and disorder, the narratives studied in this book allow for readings that conflate and complicate both adolescence and disability. With the play and connection between the two identities, young adult narratives are able to demonstrate their inherent political and literary possibilities. Disabled adolescents in the texts reject notions of cures and instead find strength in their disabled identities. The power that disability-centered readings offer young adult literature evolves through five types of representation: as the voice of adolescence itself, as a literary metaphor, as a catalyst for growth, as a politicized identity; and as a powerful, familial identity.
Critics, Canon, and School Story Debate
Authors: Aitchison David , Aitchison David
Published: September 2022

Chapter 1, “Critics, Canon, and School Story Debate,” surveys commentaries on the genre of school story made by literary critics between the late-nineteenth and early-twenty-first centuries. The different periods discussed—late-nineteenth century, early-twentieth century, between the wars, mid-to-late-twentieth century, late-twentieth century, turn of the century, and early twenty-first century—reveal a body of criticism and scholarship moving from flatly elitist, patriarchal, and sexist territory into a much more nuanced realm of feminist, postcolonial, and multicultural pluralism. The guiding assumption of this chapter is that, in reckoning the gamut of critical reception, we glean a field of literary and critical production testifying to social, cultural, and economic conditions; and that, in doing so, we are compelled to acknowledge a relative loss of interest in those same conditions informing the contemporary school story in and for our time.
Detention, Dis-ease, and Death
Authors: Aitchison David , Aitchison David
Published: September 2022

Chapter 4, “Detention, Dis-ease, and Death: Contemporary School Experience in Popular World Cinema,” explores two movie satires of public education in the neoliberal era: Batoru Rowaiaru/Battle Royale, a sentimental Japanese story of ninth graders kidnapped by the government and made to fight to the death; and Cooties, a madcap romp from the U.S.A. about teachers fleeing zombie students. Telling stories of student bodies punished in totalizing formal enclosures, both films index a mounting sense of crisis in education and childhood development around the world. Parsing their unforgiving images of standardization and competitiveness within the hallmark spaces of neoliberal education, this chapter recognizes film as one of perhaps the most significant contemporary medium for the genre of school story.
Afterword
Authors: Aitchison David , Aitchison David
Published: September 2022

The “Afterword” recaps on the formalist theory brought to bear on The School Story: Young Adult Narratives in the Age of Neoliberalism, making one last case for recognizing and appreciating the hierarchical, rhythmic, spatial, and network forms governing the realm of school experience in fiction and real life alike.
Gathering Momentum
Authors: Hatschek Keith
Published: September 2022

During the summer of 1959, the Brubecks auditioned the musical for a few of the most successful Broadway producers and were encouraged as at least one, Leland Hayward, thought that with a rewrite, the show might be suitable for the musical theater stage. Additionally, one of America’s most popular columnists, Dorothy Kilgallen, wrote a story announcing that Dave Brubeck would be bringing a musical to Broadway in the next year! Things seemed to be moving swiftly toward a possible production.
Epilogue
Authors: Hatschek Keith
Published: September 2022

The overarching story that has been told is reconsidered. The role of artists in interrogating society and asking difficult questions frames the closing discussion of the jazz musical and its place as an important moment in jazz and American history; the cast worked to advance America’s dialog on race, society, culture, and social responsibility. Other concurrent projects that had a strong social justice message and projects after the show’s 1962 premiere are discussed and used to show how The Real Ambassadors helped launch a succession of musical works addressing systemic racism in America. After more than 50 years, the music and message of The Real Ambassadors is still relevant in today’s turbulent times when America faces very real challenges to the notion of all men being created equal. In the current time of racial and social awakening, the vision of artists speaking out against injustice with the tools in their hands powerfully resonates.
Abandoned Institutions
Authors: Lawrence Amy
Published: September 2022

Abandoned hospitals and prisons have become the modern exemplars of hauntedness. Behind monumental facades, the empty corridors, decaying walls, and peeling paint attest to the failure of a discredited ideology that attempted to subject the individual to a totalizing vision of social order as explored by Jeremy Bentham and Michel Foucault. Paranormal investigations of these architectural anachronisms alternate between reassurances that society is past this and the lingering suspicion that there is something these decrepit spaces have yet to tell us. Ethical questions arise regarding the use of documentary material, especially the use of photographs or the names of people who had been held in such institutions against their will.
In America There Is Real Evil
Authors: Lawrence Amy
Published: September 2022

American history and American identity are defined in these programs in terms of absence and exclusion. Native Americans and African-Americans are included only as signifiers of a distant past. Present as an idea but absent as individuals, both groups haunt white popular culture while being denied the chance to speak for themselves. Episodes illustrate the sensational exploitation of historical material (slavery, lynching, genocide), the difference made by interventions from present-day Native American and African-American scholars, and recent attempts to construct programs around African-American cast members.
Race and Racism in The Birth of the Superhero
Authors: Benson Josef , Singsen Doug
Published: September 2022

Chapter One traces the genealogy of superheroes to the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, early twentieth-century pulp heroes, the eugenics movement, science fiction fandom, and the Ku Klux Klan, among other sources. The chapter also delineates the racist discourse of the Yellow Peril, the supposed threat of invasion from East Asia, and the complicated early contributions of Jewish comic book creators who subtly encoded their ethnic and religious heritage in their work while directing their ire on minorities further down the racial hierarchy.
The Deconstruction of The White Superhero in Watchmen
Authors: Benson Josef , Singsen Doug
Published: September 2022

Chapter Eight contends that comic book creator Alan Moore in his seminal graphic novel Watchmen reinvigorated the superhero genre by employing postmodern techniques that have denaturalized the classic superhero and exposed the ideological underpinnings of the superhero genre. In favoring naturalistic, fragmented, and pluralistic worlds as backdrops for his characters, Moore exposed the classic superhero as a fraudulent social construction of heteronormative whiteness. Alan Moore’s skeptical approach to the superhero weakened the classic superhero but strengthened the superhero genre and influenced later graphic novels such as Civil War.
Conclusion
Authors: Benson Josef , Singsen Doug
Published: September 2022

American comics and graphic novels symbolize ideological cultural dreamscapes where far too often what appears on the page is sublimated white supremacy. While there is reason for hope, as comics like Ms. Marvel: No Normal have shattered these dreamscapes and non-white creators like Ta-Nehisi Coates now have narrative control of flagship characters like Captain America, there is still much work to be done. In addition to comics creators of color deploying flagship traditionally white superheroes under the banner of Marvel, small independent comics publishers such as Silver Sprocket are doing their part to publish provocative comics on a smaller but no less meaningful scale. For example, in 2016, Ben Passmore released a mini-comic with Silver Sprocket called Your Black Friend that deftly illustrates how well-meaning white people struggle, often unwittingly, to effectively support black people, and often wind up perpetuating the very racism they wish to undermine.
New York Cityscapes
Authors: Rambsy Kenton
Published: September 2022

Chapter four explains why New York City as a setting proves integral to multifaceted short stories by Baldwin and Bambara. Their stories depict a diverse set of sights and sounds linked to one of our most famous cities. Their homegrown characters exhibit keen awareness of their environments as they navigate urban terrains. “Sonny’s Blues” shows two brothers reconciling and gaining a deeper understanding of one another. Baldwin’s references to city landmarks and descriptions of navigation routes reveal him crafting a story that utilizes the urban environment as a dynamic background. “Sonny’s Blues,” as the title suggests, takes the transformative power of song seriously. Baldwin, and writers Fisher, Dumas, and Baraka, demonstrate that music gathering places can operate as captivating settings in short fiction. For Bambara, New York City serves as a defining setting. Bambara showcases the experiences of black urbanites, thus shifting the conventional kind of protagonist that appeared in short fiction.
Up South
Authors: Rambsy Kenton
Published: September 2022

Chapter five demonstrates how Edward P. Jones preserves and extends the tradition of African American short fiction. Despite the long history and dense population of Washington, D.C., the predominately black quadrants of the District have a relatively small presence in the scholarship on African American literature. Jones depicts homegrown characters with acute knowledge about the geographies of the city. Accordingly, his stories offer intricate portrayals of streets, intersections, apartment buildings, walking-and-driving routes, neighborhoods, city landmarks, and quadrants in the nation’s capital. His meticulous city narratives constitute an outstanding achievement in the production of African American short stories and warrant critical attention.
Race and Civil Rights in the Films of Delmer Daves
Authors: Horlock Douglas
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on issues of race. While the significance of Broken Arrow in the context of changing racial attitudes in the 1950s is recognised, the chapter shows that the values promoted in this film are consistent with themes developed in ‘non-Westerns’ as well as his films in which Native American characters are featured. It discusses his attitudes to practices of racial prejudice and discrimination, and more specifically, it examines his views on controversial issues of miscegenation and mixed-race marriage. In so doing, the chapter considers Daves’s respect for Native American culture and traditions at a time when Hollywood tended to espouse the values inherent in the concepts of Manifest Destiny and cultural assimilation. In conclusion, Daves’s attitude to the concept of American Exceptionalism is considered.
Metodologia de pesquisa em Análise do Discurso face aos novos suportes midiáticos
Authors: Marques Welisson
Published: September 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é discorrer sobre procedimentos metodológicos utilizados na Análise do Discurso de linha francesa (AD). Por ser uma disciplina que não tem metodologia pronta, ao lançar mão dos elementos constitutivos do arcabouço teórico que balizam as análises, o analista alça, concomitantemente, seus dispositivos metodológicos. Em outras palavras, teoria e metodologia em AD são inseparáveis. Sendo assim, explicitaremos acerca da noção de discurso a que nos referimos neste artigo, e, neste ínterim, discorreremos sobre determinados procedimentos utilizados na seleção e organização de corpora. Ademais, refletiremos sobre alguns avanços epistemológicos que a disciplina deverá sofrer, partindo, para tal, da abertura deixada por Pêcheux em seus últimos trabalhos, bem como da realidade dos novos suportes discursivos. Para concluir, bosquejaremos duas análises de imagens veiculadas pela mídia impressa pautando-se nos dispositivos teórico-metodológicos aqui explicitados.
Who Finances Whom?
Authors: Kiss Judit
Published: September 2022

In contrast to the highly developed countries and some developing regions, Africa highly depends on external resources of financing development. According to the saving-investment gap concept, there is a significant gap between savings and investment rates. As domestic resources are limited and their mobilization is slow, the region should rely on external sources of finance (i.e., aid, export revenues, FDI, loans, and remittances) in order to close the finance gap. Despite the massive inflow of external resources, the 200 billion USD yearly financing gap still prevails. The outflow of financial resources from Africa in the form of profit repatriations, debt service, tax dodging, capital flight and illicit financial flow exceeds the inflow, suggesting that Africa is a bottomless barrel. The long-standing concept about the saving-investment gap does not provide a full explanation for the prevailing financing gap. The main research questions are as follows: (a) Why is there a permanent financing gap in Africa? b) Why does the outflow of financial resources exceed the inflow? c) What should be done to close the financing gap and solve the problem of financing development?

The paper is structured as follows: Section 1 is based on the saving-investmentgap concept and explores the validity of this theory in Sub-Saharan Africa. The conclusion of Section 1 is that there is a permanent finance gap in SSA, consequently, the region should rely on external sources of finance. Section 2 introduces the main external sources of finance (aid, FDI and remittances) and reveals the major trends and characteristics of these flows. As the saving-investment gap is smaller than the amount of external financial inflow, two questions arise: Where does the money go? Is Africa suffering from a financial haemorrhage? Section 3 tries to identify those “leaks” which drain Africa’s accumulated domestic and external resources by analysing the main channels of financial outflows such as capital flight and illicit financial flows. In the conclusion we present the financing situation of Africa and answer the question “Who finances whom?” and make recommendations for enhancing development finance. The final conclusion is that not the external world finances Africa, but Africa finances the world. The issue of financing Africa’s development cannot be solved without (a) mobilizing domestic resources (including domestic savings), (b) attracting external resources as well as improving the use and avoiding the misuse of inflowing financial resources, and (c) curbing capital flight and tackling illicit financial outflow.