bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redução de Incêndios Florestais na Reserva Biológica de Araras, Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Migliari Fabio Torres , Aximoff Izar , Bovini Massimo G.
Published: August 2020

Os incêndios florestais representam uma das maiores ameaças às unidades de conservação (UC) e a toda a biodiversidade contida nessas áreas. Considerando que o bioma Mata Atlântica se encontra extremamente reduzido, impactos que resultem na perda de habitat e de espécies devem ser prevenidos e combatidos de maneira eficiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar o perfil das ações de prevenção a incêndios florestais na Reserva Biológica de Araras (RBA), localizada nos municípios de Petrópolis e Miguel Pereira, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 2014 e 2018. Por meio da coleta de dados in loco e do levantamento de dados com os gestores da RBA, as ações de prevenção e combate aos incêndios florestais foram identificadas e analisadas. As ações elencadas como educacionais devem ocorrer ao longo de todo o ano, visando alcançar o maior número de pessoas e propriedades nessas áreas. Sobre as ações de monitoramento, algumas demandam maior atenção quanto à forma de execução, aos registros e à periodicidade, por parte da equipe e gestão da UC. Verificou-se no período analisado que, após elevado número de ocorrências atendidas em 2014, nos anos seguintes houve uma diminuição das ocorrências, sugerindo uma possível eficácia das ações e métodos de prevenção adotados pela população vizinha da RBA. Os resultados demonstram que as ações referentes ao Programa de Prevenção e Combate a Incêndios em Florestas contribuem para a proteção integral desta unidade de conservação.
Große Formen. : Ästhetik und Epistemologie des extensiven Schreibens.
Authors: Efimova Svetlana , Dehrmann Mark-Georg
Published: August 2020

Was sind ,große Formen‘? Ein Bewusstsein für den Textumfang ist für die Literatur grundlegend, prägt er doch – mindestens implizit – Gattungskategorien und Systematiken mit aus. Dabei lässt sich die ,Größe‘ jedoch
nur in wenigen Fällen durch absolute Quantifizierung festlegen (so etwa beim Haiku und Sonett). Sie bestimmt sich vielmehr relativ bzw. relational, wobei sich unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten der Perspektivierung ergeben.
Episode und Totalität : Zur Poetik des modernen Epos nach 1800, am Beispiel von Friedrich Schlegel
Authors: Dehrmann Mark-Georg
Published: August 2020

Abstract Der Beitrag geht zwei Elementen nach, die in der Theorie der großen Gattung Epos um und nach 1800 eine wichtige Rolle spielen: der Episodizität und der Totalität. Eine gegenüber den aristotelischen Vorgaben radikal verstandene Episodizität
erlaubt es, das Epos als Gattung zu verstehen, die einzelne Ganzheiten aggregiert und die progressiv verzeitlicht werden kann, ohne dass die Hoffnung auf eine zukünftige kompositorische Schließung aufgegeben werden muss. Diese Konstellation eröffnet ein Spannungsfeld für
verschiedene Konfigurationen von Epos und Moderne. Als Beispiel wird dargestellt, wie Friedrich Schlegel die homerische Epik rekonstruiert und sie transformativ für seinen Entwurf der modernen ,progressiven Universalpoesie‘ nutzt.The article focuses on the concepts of
episode and totality, as they were discussed within the theory of the epic around and after 1800. On the basis of non-Aristotelian interpretations of episodic structures, the epic could be understood as a specifically modern genre that could follow an aesthetics of aggregation and temporalization
without having to abandon the hope for future closure. While the article aims to reconstruct a general potential of the genre after 1800, its main example is Friedrich Schlegel’s scrutiny of Homeric poetry and its impact on his notion of ‘progressive Universalpoesie’.
Widerstand gegen die große Form. : Patrick Modianos Romane in Untergröße
Authors: Körte Mona
Published: August 2020

Abstract Zu erzählenden Großformen wie dem grand récit der französischen Okkupation gehen Patrick Modianos auffallend kurze Romane auf Distanz. Thema seiner rund 30 Bücher ist die Okkupationszeit unter Vichy und der Erinnerungsprozess, der,
metonymisch von Spuren ausgehend, in Opposition zu einem Tableau oder Panorama der französischen Kollaboration, Résistance, des Antisemitismus und der Verfolgung steht. Durch ihren gemeinsamen Fluchtpunkt, den Verweisungszusammenhang untereinander und die detektivischen Erzähler
entsteht eine Nähe zu seriellem Erzählen, die durch Interferenz, Iteration und Namensidentitäten befördert wird. Das hat die Kritik veranlasst, Modianos zahlreiche Romane als einen einzigen großen Roman zu lesen. Der Beitrag sondiert Modianos Skepsis gegenüber
großen Formen und untersucht, inwieweit sich sein poetologisches Interesse auf den Überschuss von Großerzählungen richtet.Patrick Modiano’s remarkably short novels keep their distance from major, more extensive forms such as the grand narrative (or grand
récit) of the French occupation. The theme of his approximately 30 books is the occupation under Vichy and the process of memory that, rather than painting a grand tableau or panorama of French collaboration, resistance, anti-Semitism, and persecution, proceeds metonymically from
traces. However, his novels suggest seriality through their common vanishing point, the interrelationship of their references, and the recurring presence of detective narrators which is promoted by interference, iteration and name identities. This has led critics to read Modiano’s many
novels as one single great novel. This article explores Modiano’s skepticism toward large narrative forms and examines the extent to which his poetic interest is focused on the surplus of grand narratives.
Einander-Schreiben verfilmen. : ,,Die Geträumten“ – Überlegungen zu Ruth Beckermanns Verfilmung des Briefwechsels von Ingeborg Bachmann und Paul Celan
Authors: Hottner Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

Im Juni 1948 schickt Paul Celan Ingeborg Bachmann zu deren 22. Geburtstag sein Gedicht In Ägypten mitsamt einer Widmung. In Wien hatten die beiden einen Frühling zusammen erlebt und wissen nun nicht, was diese schicksalhafte und intensive Begegnung bedeutet. Celans
Gedicht ist der Anfang einer Liebe, einer Freundschaft sowie einer Vielzahl von Verfehlungen und Versäumnissen. Noch mehr als zehn Jahre später kommt Celan in einem Brief an Bachmann auf In Ägypten und seine zentrale Bedeutung für die Beziehung der beiden zurück:
Status Kewarganegaraan Ganda Dilihat dari Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Lazuardi Glery
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze the status of dual citizenship in terms of Law Number 12 of 2006 on Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia. This research uses normative legal research methods. Normative legal research is research conducted by conducting a study of statutory regulations, namely Law Number 12 of 2006 on Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia, whether it is relevant to be applied to a legal problem. The legal problem in this study is the citizenship status of Gloria Natapradja. In 2016, Gloria Natapradja was dismissed as an official of the Heirloom Flag raiser after having French citizenship, who followed the citizenship of her biological father. After conducting research, it is known, the state has an obligation to protect the rights of citizens. The state should pay attention and protect citizens regarding the status of citizens. The problems experienced by Gloria Natapradja, because citizenship status can be seen as not yet the maximum role of the government to protect citizens. The issue of citizenship in Gloria Natapradja requires the government to review the regulation of citizenship status as regulated in Law Number 12 of 2006 on Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia.
ADAPTATION POTENTIAL OF SEDIC-VASCULAR SYSTEM OF FRESHMEN STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Simonova O. I.
Published: August 2020

The results of the study of the cardiovascular system adaptation of freshmen students at the university which are presented in the article reflect the peculiarities of adaptation of girls and young men of Russian and Altai nationality to the university in 2017 and 2018. The study of the features of adaptation of the cardiovascular system was carried out taking into account sex, nationality, vegetative status and type of circulation. 160 students were examined. Girls and young men of Altai nationality lived in the regions of the highlands and middle-mountain of the Republic of Altai before entering Gorno-Altai State University, which is located in the low-mountain region. Altai students had to adapt at the beginning of their studies not only to the educational process of the university, but also to the new climatic conditions. The Russians who lived in the conditions of the low-mountain region had to adapt only to the educational process of the university.

During the initial period of study at the university a number of factors influence on the body of students, which can lead to tension of adaptation mechanisms and cause health disorders. The results of the study made it possible to establish that taking into account the vegetative status of the subjects the assessment of the adaptation of the cardiovascular system is quite informative and can reveal the tension of the adaptation mechanisms. Most students showed increased activity of sympathetic regulation of vegetative functions – sympathicotonia (60–69 %), balance of influences of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems – eitonia, was observed in 12–40 % students, dominance of parasympathetic regulation – vagotonia was noted in 16.6–20.6 % students. Analysis of adaptation potential taking into account vegetative status and circulatory type revealed that adaptation was satisfactory in the majority of cases, but in Russian young men with vegetative eitonium status and eukinetic circulatory type there was tension in mechanisms of cardiovascular adaptation (2.11 and higher), which indicates increased mobilization of resource opportunities with high probability of their subsequent depletion. According to some researchers, young men are more likely to have a strain on adaptation mechanisms than the girls. The stress of adaptation mechanisms can lead to a decrease in the health level and, as a result, the development of diseases, so in individuals, with an index of functional changes exceeding 2.11 points, should be considered as a risk group. The studies carried out will allow to organize educational work in the university aimed at preserving and improving the health of students, taking into account the peculiarities of their adaptation.
ESTRATEGIAS METACOGNITIVAS Y RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AMAZÓNICA DE MADRE DE DIOS
Authors: Puma Camargo María Isabel , Hurtado Tiza David Raúl , Santos Jiménez Ofelia Carmen , Vásquez Prez Janett Karina
Published: August 2020

Se tuvo como propósito de conocer la relaciónentre estrategias metacognitivas y el desarrollodel rendimiento académico en estudiantesde la Escuela Profesional de Educación de laUniversidad Nacional Amazónica de Madrede Dios. Es un estudio de tipo básico, de niveldescriptivo y asume un diseño correlacional. Lamuestra estuvo constituida por 61 estudiantesde la Escuela Profesional de Educación. Lastécnicas aplicadas fueron la encuesta y el análisisdocumental. Los instrumentos: cuestionarioy registro de calificaciones. Las estrategiasmetacognitivas se evaluaron con el inventario de52 ítems para todas las dimensiones y las ochocategorías que son en total. El instrumento tuvovalidación y confiabilidad mediante el coeficienteAlfa de Cronbach con 0,94, 0,61 y 0,71. Se tuvocomo resultado de la correlación (0,333) entrelas estrategias metacognitivas y el rendimientoacadémico en estudiantes de la EscuelaProfesional de Educación de la UniversidadNacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios. Laconclusión fue que existe una relación débilentre estas dos variables lo que permite afirmarque no existe ninguna relación, es decir no haycorrespondencia entre el rendimiento académicoy las estrategias metagognitivas.
EVALUACIÓN POR COMPETENCIAS Y EL LOGRO DE APRENDIZAJES EN EL ÁREA DE COMUNICACIÓN EN ESTUDIANTES DE COMPUTACIÓN E INFORMÁTICA, EN EL INSTITUTO DE PISCO
Authors: Fajardo Cárdenas Libia Maribel , Herrera Aponte Milca Betsabé , Fernández Bonilla Lino , Zevallos Solis Liliam Carola
Published: August 2020

La investigación se propuso determinar lainfluencia de la evaluación por competenciasen el aprendizaje del área de comunicación enlos estudiantes de computación e informáticadel Instituto Superior Pedagógico CarlosMedrano Vásquez” distrito San Clemente,Pisco Región Ica. Se trabajó con una muestrade 32 estudiantes en un contexto escolarizado,con el método científico, estadístico, inductivodeductivo. Por la profundidad del estudioes descriptivo explicativo de diseño noexperimental. La recolección de datos sehizo utilizando la técnica de la evaluación,mediante la prueba pedagógica, donde se hizola confiabilidad del instrumento mediante elcoeficiente alfa de Cronbach y la validez por eljuicio de expertos. Los datos fueron analizadosutilizado el programa SPSS versión 24, pruebade hipótesis con t de Student de medicionesrepetidas. Se concluyó que la evaluación porcompetencias influye en el aprendizaje de losestudiantes hasta en un 80%, pues producemenos estrés y permite la autorreflexión en elestudiante debido a la claridad de los resultadosde su desempeño.
Vicinal difluorination as a C=C surrogate: an analog of piperine with enhanced solubility, photostability, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity
Authors: Lizarme-Salas Yuvixza , Ariawan Alexandra Daryl , Ratnayake Ranjala , Luesch Hendrik , Finch Angela , Hunter Luke
Published: August 2020

Piperine, a natural product derived from peppercorns, has a variety of biological activities that make it an attractive lead compound for medicinal chemistry. However, piperine has some problematic physicochemical properties including poor aqueous solubility and a susceptibility to UV-induced degradation. In this work, we designed an analog of piperine in which the central conjugated hydrocarbon chain is replaced with a vicinal difluoroalkane moiety. We show that this fluorinated analog of piperine has superior physicochemical properties, and it also has higher potency and selectivity towards one particular drug target, acetylcholinesterase. This work highlights the potential usefulness of the threo-difluoroalkane motif as a surrogate for E-alkenes in medicinal chemistry.
Sekstorsi: Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online Dalam Paradigma Hukum Indonesia
Authors: Herry Christian Jordy
Published: August 2020

Sekstorsi adalah kekerasan berbasis gender online yang dilakukan pelaku dengan memeras korban terlebih dahulu secara materil maupun seksual disertai dengan ancaman dari pelaku yang akan menyebarluaskan konten pornografi milik korban. Secara umum, konten pornografi korban didapatkan oleh pelaku dengan memperdaya atau mengancam korban dan juga dengan metode hacking. Sekstorsi merupakan bentuk kejahatan yang melanggar hak asasi manusia dan melecehkan derajat perempuan. Oleh karenanya melalui tulisan ‘Sekstorsi: Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online dalam Paradigma Hukum Indonesia’ yang diteliti penulis melalui metode yuridis normatif, penulis akan mencari ketentuan hukum positif Indonesia yang meregulasi mengenai kejahatan sekstorsi serta bentuk perlindungan yang dapat diberikan kepada korban. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa ketentuan hukum positif Indonesia yang meregulasi sekstorsi dapat ditemui dalam rumusan KUHP, UU Pornografi dan UU ITE yang masing-masing memberikan ancaman pidana bagi pelaku sekstorsi. Selain itu berdasarkan UU Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban, bentuk perlindungan yang diberikan kepada korban dapat berupa hak-hak untuk mendapatkan bantuan dan restitusi guna memulihkan keadaan korban sekstorsi seperti semula.
An Evaluation of Technological Competences and Technological Tools Usage by Primary School Teachers During COVID-19 Lockdown in Cameroon
Authors: Yuomeyse Kenneth , Ngamaleu Henri Rodrigue Njengoué
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate technological competences and technological tools usage by primary school teachers. The inability of primary school teachers to substitute traditional teaching methods with modern technological tools and applications during COVID-19 motivated the researchers to carry out this study. The study made use of a survey research design. Technology implementation and computer use for instructional teachers sub scales were used to collect data. Related literature was reviewed based on skills and knowledge of teachers and the various technologies used for instruction. The samples were 398 teachers who are teaching using ICT and the simple random sampling method was employed to select these respondents. Data was collected from teacher-respondents using tables, percentages, charts, mean, standard deviations and one sample t-test. The results showed an average level of technological competences possess by primary school teachers and types of technological tools used for teaching and learning. These results indicate that primary school educators and instructors lack the competences to install software on their computers and faced difficulties in using more advanced technologies. The study strongly recommends effective in-service training for teachers, easy access and connection to network services as well as the provision of technical assistance to schools. This will enable teachers to effectively acquire skills and knowledge for technology integration in education. Primary schools and teachers should also be equipped with modern technologies especially during this period of COVID-19.
Sever Rhabdomyolysis With Normal Renal Function Test in a 29-Year Old Who is Known to have RYR1 Mutation
Authors: Ali Roa A. , Naeem Hassan
Published: August 2020

Ryanodine receptor gene (RYR-1) is a gene encode calcium release channel in skeletal muscle , mutation in this gene lead to rare type of inherited congenital myopathy which is associated with rhabdomyolysis and fatal malignant hyperthermia . We report a case of a 29 year old male known to have sporadic RYR-1 mutation who presented with myalgia and fatigue post upper respiratory tract infection symptoms during COVID19 pandemic .His Creatine Kinase was markedly elevated without evidence of acute kidney injury which is usually uncommon. We also discuss in this case importance of checking CK during COVID19 pandemic .There is no cure for RYR-1 mutation but proper genetic counselling and patient’s education about precipitating factor for malignant hyperthermia will prevent serious complication which can lead to death.
The Relationship of Exclusive Breast Milk With Stunting in Children Under the Age of Two Years Tapung Kampar Distric
Authors: Febrianita Yulia , Fitri Ainil , Roza Andalia , Saputra Roni
Published: August 2020

Based on the 2013 Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS), Short Toddler is one of the health problems of toddlers in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in children under two years of age in Tapung, Kampar Regency. The study uses observational analysis research methods with case control. The sample in this study were mothers with children under the age of two years in Tapung, Kampar district. The research instrument used was a questionnaire and a weight and height measurement tool. Bivariate data used chi square test with p value: 0.05. The results in this study were toddlers who were not exclusively breastfeeding who experienced more stunting, namely 52 respondents. Statistical test results obtained P Value <α = 0.05 which is 0,000. The conclusion of the study is the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting in the Kampung Tapung District with a P value of 0,000.
Environmental Impact on Star-forming Galaxies in a z ∼ 0.9 Cluster during the Course of Galaxy Accretion
Authors: Asano Tetsuro , Kodama Tadayuki , Motohara Kentaro , Lubin Lori , Lemaux Brian C. , Gal Roy , Tomczak Adam , Kocevski Dale , Hayashi Masao , Koyama Yusei , Tanaka Ichi , Suzuki Tomoko L. , Yamamoto Naoaki , Kimura Daiki , Konishi Masahiro , Takahashi Hidenori , Terao Yasunori , Kushibiki Kosuke , Kono Yukihiro , Yoshii Yuzuru ,   The SWIMS Team
Published: August 2020

Galaxies change their properties as they assemble into clusters. In order to understand the physics behind that, we need to go back in time and observe directly what is occurring in galaxies as they fall into a cluster. We have conducted a narrowband and J-band imaging survey on a cluster CL1604-D at z = 0.923 using a new infrared instrument SWIMS installed at the Subaru Telescope. The narrowband filter, NB1261, matches to Hα emission from the cluster at z = 0.923. Combined with a wide range of existing data from various surveys, we have investigated galaxy properties in and around this cluster in great detail. We have identified 27 Hα emitters associated with the cluster. They have significant overlap with MIPS

sources and are located exclusively in the star-forming regime on the rest-frame UVJ diagram. We have identified two groups of galaxies near the cluster in the 2D spatial distribution and the phase-space diagram, which are likely to be in-falling to the cluster main body. We have compared various physical properties of star-forming galaxies, such as specific star formation rates (burstiness) and morphologies (merger) as a function of environment, cluster center, older group, younger group, and the field. As a result, a global picture has emerged on how the galaxy properties are altered as they assemble into a denser region. This includes the occurrence of mergers, enhancement of star formation activity, excursion to the dusty starburst phase, and eventual quenching to a passive phase.
Magnetohydrodynamics with Post-Newtonian Corrections
Authors: Hwang Jai-chan , Noh Hyerim
Published: August 2020

Using the fully nonlinear and exact perturbation formulation with magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in the Minkowski background, we derive first-order, post-Newtonian (1PN) equations without imposing the slicing (temporal gauge) condition. The 1PN-MHD formulation is complementary to our recently presented fully relativistic MHD combined with 0PN gravity available only in the maximal slicing. We present the 1PN-MHD equations in two gauge conditions previously used in the literature and provide gauge transformation relations between different gauges. We derive the PN effects on MHD waves in a static homogeneous medium.
The Dynamic Proto-atmospheres around Low-mass Planets with Eccentric Orbits
Authors: Mai Chuhong , Desch Steven J. , Kuiper Rolf , Marleau Gabriel-Dominique , Dullemond Cornelis
Published: August 2020

Protoplanets are able to accrete primordial atmospheres when embedded in the gaseous protoplanetary disk. The formation and structure of the proto-atmosphere are subject to the planet–disk environment and orbital effects. In particular, when planets are on eccentric orbits, their velocities relative to the gas can exceed the sound speed. The planets generate atmosphere-stripping bow shocks. We investigate the proto-atmospheres on low-mass planets with eccentric orbits with radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. A 2D radiative model of the proto-atmosphere is established with tabulated opacities for the gas and dust. The solutions reveal large-scale gas recycling inside a bow shock structure. The atmospheres on eccentric planets are typically three to four orders of magnitude less massive than those on planets with circular orbits. Overall, however, a supersonic environment is favorable for planets to keep an early stable atmosphere, rather than harmful, due to the steady gas supply through the recycling flow. We also quantitatively explore how such atmospheres are affected by the planet’s velocity relative to the gas, the planet mass, and the background gas density. Our time-dependent simulations track the orbital evolution of the proto-atmosphere with the planet–disk parameters changing throughout the orbit. Atmospheric properties show oscillatory patterns as the planet travels on an eccentric orbit, with a lag in phase. To sum up, low-mass eccentric planets can retain small proto-atmospheres despite the stripping effects of bow shocks. The atmospheres are always connected to and interacting with the disk gas. These findings provide important insights into the impacts of migration and scattering on planetary proto-atmospheres.
The Multi-INstrument Burst ARchive (MINBAR)
Authors: Galloway Duncan K. , in ’t Zand Jean , Chenevez Jérôme , Wörpel Hauke , Keek Laurens , Ootes Laura , Watts Anna L. , Gisler Luis , Sanchez-Fernandez Celia , Kuulkers Erik
Published: August 2020

We present the largest sample of type I (thermonuclear) X-ray bursts yet assembled, comprising 7083 bursts from 85 bursting sources. The sample is drawn from observations with Xenon-filled proportional counters on the long-duration satellites RXTE, BeppoSAX, and International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory between 1996 February 8 and 2012 May 3. The burst sources were drawn from a comprehensive catalog of 115 burst sources, assembled from earlier catalogs and the literature. We carried out a consistent analysis for each burst light curve (normalized to the relative instrumental effective area) and provide measurements of rise time, peak intensity, burst timescale, and fluence. For bursts observed with the RXTE/PCA and BeppoSAX/Wide Field Camera we also provide time-resolved spectroscopy, including estimates of bolometric peak flux and fluence, and spectral parameters at the peak of the burst. For 950 bursts observed with the PCA from sources with previously detected burst oscillations, we include an analysis of the high time resolution data, providing information on the detectability and amplitude of the oscillations, as well as where in the burst they are found. We also present analysis of 118,848 observations of the burst sources within the sample time frame. We extracted 3–25 keV X-ray spectra from most observations, and (for observations meeting our signal-to-noise criterion) we provide measurements of the flux, spectral colors, and, for selected sources, the position on the color–color diagram, for the best-fit spectral model. We present a description of the sample, a summary of the science investigations completed to date, and suggestions for further studies.
Classifying Single Stars and Spectroscopic Binaries Using Optical Stellar Templates
Authors: Roulston Benjamin R. , Green Paul J. , Kesseli Aurora Y.
Published: August 2020

Stellar spectral classification is a fundamental tool of modern astronomy, providing insight into physical characteristics such as effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity. Accurate and fast spectral typing is an integral need for large all-sky spectroscopic surveys like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope. Here, we present the next version of PyHammer, a stellar spectral classification software that uses optical spectral templates and spectral line index measurements. PyHammer v2.0 extends the classification power to include dwarf carbon stars, DA white dwarf stars, and also double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2). This release also includes a new empirical library of luminosity-normalized spectra that can be used to flux calibrate observed spectra or to create synthetic SB2 spectra. We have generated physically reasonable SB2 combinations as templates, adding the ability to spectrally type SB2s to PyHammer. We test classification success rates on SB2 spectra, generated from the SDSS, across a wide range of spectral types and signal-to-noise ratios. Within the defined range of pairings described, more than 95% of SB2s are correctly classified.
Missed takes towards a pandemic of COVID-19? A systematic literature review of Coronavirus related diseases in Pakistan
Authors: Haq Wajiha , Raza Syed Hassan , Malik Muhammad Wasif
Published: August 2020

Pakistan is also seeing the profound effect of the outbreak of COVID-19, which demands an urgent investigation of literature and further scientific investigation for cure and prevention. This study has employed the systematic approach for searching the literature from the recently compiled database of researches namely COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) and related diseases. The literature on Pakistan has shown the evidence of human-to-human and animal-to-human transmission of viruses, the presence of antibodies of MERS-CoV in camels, and careless attitude towards preventive measures of such respiratory diseases. There is a lot of gap in the literature regarding coronaviruses and their antibodies creating herd immunity for another coronavirus and COVID-19. In particular to Pakistan, and in general, for other developing countries, a weak health-care system coupled with the trembling economy has many implications of COVID-19 which should be carefully thought-out to combat the spread.
Comparison between two types of control strategies for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Yuxuan
Published: August 2020

Different countries have employed various strategies for controlling the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic because there is no consensus regarding effective control measures in the literature. Epidemic control strategies can be classified into two types based on their characteristics. The first type is the “severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like epidemic control strategy,” i.e., containment. The second type is the “influenza pandemic-like epidemic control strategy” (flu pandemic-like strategy), i.e., mitigation. This paper presents a comparative analysis on the prevention and control strategies for COVID-19 in different countries to provide a reference to control the further spread of the pandemic.
Containment of COVID-19: the unprecedented response of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Obied Dalia A , Alhamlan Fatimah S , Al-Qahtani Ahmed A , Al-Ahdal Mohammed N
Published: August 2020

The emergence of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has challenged many countries. The current pandemic caused by this coronavirus has already negatively affected millions of people and the economies of countries worldwide. However, the challenges faced by Saudi Arabia during the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic that began in 2012 led to marked improvements in the government’s response to the current pandemic. Saudi Arabia is one of largest countries in the Middle East and is home to the holiest Muslim sites. Since the global risk of the virus was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO), Saudi Arabia has taken substantial public health measures to control the spread of the infection. This review reports on the transmission of SARS-COV-2 in Saudi Arabia and the proactive responses taken by the government, comparing the Saudi government’s actions and their effects with those of other countries. Although Saudi Arabia is currently experiencing the peak of the pandemic, their early precautionary responses have shortened the period of individual/family isolation, reduced the number of confirmed infections and infection-related fatality rates, and decreased the economic burden of the people and the country compared with other countries in the Middle East and elsewhere.
Chest Computed Tomography Findings in COVID-19 Pneumonia from Tehran, Iran
Authors: Javanbakht Mohammad , Jafari Ramezan , Mesri Mehd , Izadi Morteza , Saadat Seyed Hassan
Published: August 2020

From February 24, 2020, to April 2, 2020, this study presents a preliminary report on the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran. This study performed on 70 patients with a final diagnosis of COVID-19.
Evaluation of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19: A Systematic Review on All Types of Studies for Epidemiologic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Purposes
Authors: Nemati Houshang , Ramezani Mazaher , Najafi Farid , Sayad Babak , Nazeri Mehri , Sadeghi Masoud
Published: August 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of SARS-CoV for cell entry. We aimed to check the association between ACE2 and COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in a systematic review. Two databases (PubMed/Medline and Scopus) and bioRxiv were checked for retrieving all types of studies in relation to ACE2 and COVID-19 until March 18, 2020. Forty-one studies were entered to the systematic review. These studies included nineteen original, eight reviews, four letters to the editor, three research papers, one correspondence, one commentary, one mini review, two reports, one opinion, and one perspective. In summary, the results showed that the ACE2 receptor for COVID-19 is similar to that of SARS-CoV. However, its expression was different in various populations as well as in the two genders. ACE2 may be used as a therapeutic target. Patients who take ACE inhibitors may have benefit in severe disease outcomes. Finally, pangolins and snakes and turtles may act as the potential intermediate hosts transmitting disease to humans.
Guide to Leading a Patient with Symptoms of an Acute Respiratory Infection during a Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)
Authors: Markovski Velo
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND: Over 500 viruses and bacteria primarily cause respiratory infections. During COVID-19 pandemic, these respiratory infections remain; i.e., COVID-19 has no ability to suppress these infections from the circulation. Therefore, it is very important to differentiate respiratory infections from COVID-19. Proving the presence of COVID-19 with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is not evidence that the disease was caused by this virus. Possible options are: First, a random encounter of the virus in the patient’s upper respiratory tract; second, further possible colonization with a coronavirus (or with COVID-19); the third option is to have an infection; and the fourth possibility is to have a disease or COVID-19 upper respiratory infection. Unfortunately, the method with PCR, although it is with high sensitivity and specificity, does not help us to distinguish which of these four possibilities are in question.
AIM: We aimed to present a guide to leading a patient with symptoms of an acute respiratory infection during a coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19).
RESULTS: A pandemic of COVID-19 shows that many patients get primary viral pneumonia, but people with normal immune system have no problem recovering. People with reduced immunity die from COVID-19, as opposed to the pandemic influenza virus. It is indirectly concluded that COVID-19 in itself is not very virulent, but it weakens the immunity of those infected who already have some condition and impaired immunity. The available scientific papers show that there is no strong cytokine response, patients have leukopenia and lymphopenia, some patients have a decrease in CD4 T-lymphocytes. From the results of the autopsies available so far, it is clear that there are very few inflammatory cells in the lungs and a lot of fluid domination. Hence, SARS-Cov-2 only somehow speeds up the decline in immunity. The previously published radiographic findings of COVID-19 patients, gave a characteristic findings of the presence of multifocal nodules, described as milky glass, very often localized in the periphery of the lung. Whether it is typical pneumonia, atypical, viral, mixed-type pneumonia, or mycotic pneumonia, it can progress to severe pneumonia. The pneumonia becomes severe when breathing is over 30/min; diastolic pressure below 60 mmHg; low partial oxygen pressure in the blood (PaO2/FiO2 <250 mmHg) (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa); massive pneumonia, bilateral or multilayered lung X-ray; desorientation; leukopenia; and increased urea.
CONCLUSION: Patients with COVID-19 placed in intensive care units should be led by a team of anesthesiologists with an infectious disease specialist or an anesthesiologist with a pulmonologist. Critical respiratory parameters should be peripheral oxygen saturation <90%, PaO2/FiO2 ratio 100 or <100, tachycardia above 110/min.
Kidney Diseases and COVID-19 Pandemic – A Review Article
Authors: Abdelaziz Tarek
Published: August 2020

In December 2019, first cases of a novel coronavirus were identified in Wuhan, China. A state of global pandemic was shortly declared among a very rapid contagious spread of the virus. The causative virus was identified as the SARS-CoV-2 viruses and is genetically related to the previous SARS outbreak in 2003. The virus causes a wide clinical spectrum from mild flu-like symptoms to adult respiratory distress syndrome. Kidney involvement has been reported in several reports in patients with various degrees of severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As knowledge is evolving, the accurate incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is not known. Many questions are yet to be answered regarding the effect of epidemiological variables and comorbidities on the occurrence of AKI. Some reports have observed the occurrence of hematuria and proteinuria in a percentage of infected patients. Moreover, chronic kidney disease has not been found, in some reports to add to the adverse outcomes, an aspect that merits further exploration. Patients on regular hemodialysis may be vulnerable to coronavirus infection due to the lower status of immunity and the need for frequent attendance at health-care facilities. Due to the previous factors, prevention and mitigation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in this vulnerable population, constitutes a major challenge.
Assessing the potential impacts of non-native small mammals in the South African pet trade
Authors: Shivambu Ndivhuwo , Shivambu Tinyiko C. , Downs Colleen T.
Published: August 2020

The pet trade is one of the most important pathways by which small mammals are introduced to non-native areas. To prevent the introduction and invasion of non-native pets, an impact assessment protocol is useful in understanding which pets might have potential negative impacts should they escape or be released from captivity. In this study, we used the Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS) to assess the potential effects associated with 24 non-native small mammal species sold in the South African pet trade. European rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, house mice Mus musculus, Norwegian rats Rattus norvegicus and eastern grey squirrels Sciurus carolinensis had the highest potential impacts for both socio-economic and environmental categories. We found no statistically significant difference between the overall environmental and socio-economic impact scores. Impacts on agricultural and animal production (livestock) were the main mechanisms in the socio-economic category, while the impacts on animals (predation), competition and hybridisation prevailed for environmental impacts. The non-native mammal pet species with high impacts should be strictly regulated to prevent the potential impacts and establishment of feral populations in South Africa.
Organiser le mercenariat par le marché ?
Authors: Magnon-pujo Cyril
Published: August 2020

Traditionnellement pensé comme étant du ressort des États et du droit, le contrôle de la violence privée s’avère depuis 2010 prendre les formes d’un mécanisme de soft law dans la mesure où les compagnies de sécurité privée s’adaptent aujourd’hui à une certification commerciale plutôt qu’à une convention internationale de caractère obligatoire. Là où d’autres options de régulation étaient avancées, c’est en effet le principe d’une standardisation technique qui a prévalu. Au moyen d’une sociologie des normes et des relations internationales, l’article montre que c’est dans la lutte entre champs nationaux mais aussi entre secteurs sociaux que ce mécanisme s’impose. C’est en s’intéressant plus particulièrement aux agents impliqués, à leur partage d’un certain habitus juridique et à leur possession d’un capital culturel et social important, que l’on peut comprendre comment un consensus se forge entre experts du secteur privé et public, représentants des États, des compagnies de sécurité privée et des ONG. Dans la configuration de cet espace trans-sectoriel des experts du droit, émerge une politique de régulation commerciale des compagnies de sécurité privée entre concurrences et alliances qui ne sauraient se réduire à une simple lutte entre puissances étatiques.
« Les dessous des petites annonces » : quand les intimités se marchandent à la quatrième page des journaux (III e République)
Authors: Frydman Hannah , Gaillard Claire-Lise
Published: August 2020

Les petites annonces de quatrième page sont, dès le dernier tiers du xix e siècle, investies par les questions intimes. Mariage, sexualité, sentimentalité ou hygiène, font autant l’objet d’offres que de demandes. L’article cherche à analyser les ressorts de cette marchandisation de l’amour qui traduit une difficile rencontre entre le marché et la morale. La presse entretient en effet une relation ambiguë avec ce type d’annonces — entre pragmatisme opportuniste et tentatives de contrôle. Ces annonces permettent d’appréhender l’histoire des sexualités et du couple par le biais de la publicisation, car elles supposent une expression de soi dans laquelle, le privé épouse la loi du public.
Réagencements et usages politiques du passé et de la mémoire chez les réformés français, de l’édit de Nantes aux années 1620
Authors: Aracil Adrien
Published: August 2020

La référence au passé, pour les huguenots du premier xvii e siècle, ne sert pas seulement à élaborer une mémoire collective, mais est aussi au service d’une action politique. En établissant, lors des assemblées politiques des années 1610, un lien constant entre l’édit de Nantes et les acquis octroyés depuis les années 1560, les huguenots cherchent à renforcer leur statut en l’inscrivant dans une fiction historique et un passé juridique qui lui font prendre sa source dans les États de 1561. Les années 1620, avec le retour des affrontements, mettent toutefois en évidence les limites de ce modèle, par un retour dans les discours de mobilisation du souvenir d’un passé conflictuel violent contre lequel les revendications des assemblées cherchaient à s’inscrire en faux.
La politique commerciale et le commerce extérieur de la France entre 1836 et 1938. Éclairages par les données
Authors: Becuwe Stéphane , Blancheton Bertrand , Meissner Christopher
Published: August 2020

Cet article analyse les dynamiques du commerce extérieur de la France entre 1836 et 1938. Il se fonde sur l’exploitation systématique des données du Tableau général du commerce , publication annuelle qui offre des données bilatérales à différents niveaux de désagrégation. Son fil conducteur consiste à montrer la capacité de la politique tarifaire à puissamment influencer les dynamiques du commerce extérieur : sa répartition géographique, sa concentration, les spécialisations ou encore le commerce intra-branche. Sur la période, la politique commerciale apparaît en permanence sophistiquée, parfois stratégique et discriminatoire.
L’intervention sociale à l’épreuve d’une préoccupation pour la santé mentale. Mobilisation du rétablissement et politique de logement d’abord
Authors: Chambon Nicolas , Gilliot Élodie , Sorba Mathilde
Published: August 2020

Cet article problématise les effets d’une perspective de « rétablissement » sur les pratiques d’accompagnement social, notamment dans le cadre de la politique de « logement d’abord ». La préoccupation pour la santé mentale (négative comme positive) des personnes bénéficiaires de l’accompagnement est alors centrale. L’approche du rétablissement induit de s’intéresser aux capacités, savoirs, choix, désirs, volontés, droits et environnement des personnes confrontées à des difficultés. Elle nécessite un décloisonnement entre les champs du sanitaire, du médico-social et du social et conduit les intervenants de ce dernier champ à devoir être en mesure d’évaluer les effets de leurs interventions sur les personnes. Sur notre terrain d’enquête, l’accompagnement en multiréférence, l’attention aux forces et aux compétences et l’adoption de dispositions professionnelles particulières sont alors autant de principes qui visent à redonner du pouvoir d’agir aux personnes, qu’elles soient intervenantes ou bénéficiaires.
Limiter l’accès aux services de droit commun pour mieux insérer ? Le « non-recours par interdiction temporaire » dans les politiques locales des bidonvilles
Authors: Bourgois Louis
Published: August 2020

Cet article met en lumière et déconstruit des pratiques locales de ciblage et de traitement particulier de populations vues comme des publics spécifiques de l’action sociale. À partir d’une enquête portant sur la politique de résorption des bidonvilles dans une grande agglomération française, nous démontrerons la mise en œuvre par les pouvoirs publics de parcours différenciés marqués par des pratiques institutionnalisées de non-recours aux droits. Nous proposons ainsi un enrichissement de la grille d’analyse du non-recours (Warin, 2016) en introduisant la notion de « non-recours par interdiction », consistant, dans une temporalité limitée, à interdire l’accès à un ensemble de services dits de droit commun pour des raisons d’ordre à la fois politique et opérationnel. Nous analyserons par ailleurs les réactions et stratégies mises en place par les intervenants sociaux et les personnes concernées par les dispositifs – entre acceptation, contestation, contournement ou neutralisation (Le Bourhis et Lascoumes, 2014). Au-delà des populations ici concernées (familles migrantes reconnues comme Roms européens), nous posons l’hypothèse que ces logiques de ciblage et de non-recours institutionnalisés sont présentes dans un large nombre de secteurs de l’action sociale, posant ainsi la question de l’universalité des droits et de la citoyenneté des destinataires de l’action publique.
The Origin and History of the Extinct Contact-Induced Language, Matagi
Authors: Itabashi Yoshizo
Published: August 2020

This chapter attempts to find how the Matagi hunters of Tohoku region in Japan contacted the Ainu hunters and how the Matagi language absorbed the Ainu vocabulary. The Ainu hunters contacted the Japanese hunters there on a routine basis because the Ainu people settled down in Tohoku region before the Old Japanese period and have lived there since. The Japanese hunters borrowed some Ainu words necessary for living, hunting, and rituals in the mountains after the Middle Japanese period. The term Matagi, however, might have been employed long before the Middle Japanese period. During the Middle Japanese period the Yamato state came to dominate the entire Tohoku area. Although some Ainu adjusted to the Japanese living environment there, the rest probably escaped up toward Hokkaido. Hence, the Ainu people became less and less in Tohoku region. Eventually the Ainu words remained mainly in the Matagi language, although they are never spoken again.
Downscaling of Open Coarse Precipitation Data Using a Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Elhassnaoui Ismail , Moumen Zineb , Ezzine Hicham , Bel-lahcen Marwane , Bouziane Ahmed , Ouazar Driss , Hasnaoui Moulay Driss
Published: August 2020

In this chapter, the authors propose a novel statistical model with a residual correction of downscaling coarse precipitation TRMM 3B43 product. The presented study was carried out over Morocco, and the objective is to improve statistical downscaling for TRMM 3B43 products using a machine learning algorithm. Indeed, the statistical model is based on the Transformed Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (TSAVI), elevation, and distance from the sea. TSAVI was retrieved using the quantile regression method. Stepwise regression was implemented with the minimization of the Akaike information criterion and Mallows' Cp indicator. The model validation is performed using ten in-situ measurements from rain gauge stations (the most available data). The result shows that the model presents the best fit of the TRMM 3B43 product and good accuracy on estimating precipitation at 1km according to 𝑅2, RMSE, bias, and MAE. In addition, TSAVI improved the model accuracy in the humid bioclimatic stage and in the Saharan region to some extent due to its capacity to reduce soil brightness.