bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Impact of Local Vaccine Manufacturing
Authors: Tull Kerina
Published: May 2021

Over a period of time, a tier of mostly middle-income developing countries has developed a considerable pharmaceutical and vaccine production capacity. However, outcomes have not always been positive for domestic manufacturers in developing countries. Economic and health lessons learned from vaccine manufacturing in developing countries include challenges and positive spill-over effects. Evidence for this rapid review is taken from the south and southeast Asia (India, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam), and Latin America (Brazil, Cuba, Mexico). Although data on locally manufactured drugs on the balance of trade was available, this was not readily available for vaccine manufacturing. The evidence used in this review was taken from grey and academic literature, as well as interviews with economic specialists. Although market reports on vaccine production are available for most of these countries, their data is not in the public domain.
Water in Sustainable Agriculture Standards
Authors: Cooper Rachel
Published: May 2021

This review synthesises evidence on water in sustainable agriculture standards. Sustainable agricultural standards, hereafter standards, is a broad term encompassing certification schemes, tools, and programmes. The International Trade Centre’s Sustainability Standards Map includes 166 agricultural standards . However, there is a smaller number of prominent standards that are popularly used by major retailers or for particular commodities. Two studies looking at how water is considered in standards selected smaller numbers: Morgan (2017) benchmarks 25 popular use conventional agricultural standards and organic standards, whilst Vos & Boelens (2014) selected eight prominent standards for their analysis. The evidence base for this request was limited. Whilst water is included in individual standards, there is limited research on the efficacy or impact of standards on water issues. This review identified an extremely small number of studies that either assessed or benchmarked standards’ water related requirements or the impacts of certification and water requirements on water resources.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE INTERNAÇÕES POR PNEUMONIA EM CRIANÇAS NO TOCANTINS ENTRE 2014 E 2018
Authors: Ferreira Bueno Natália Ferreira , Soares de Sousa Bruna , Negreiros Santos Matheus , Ataídes França Lucas , Martins Reis Junior Paulo
Published: May 2021

Introdução: A pneumonia é uma infecção pulmonar que acomete alvéolos pulmonares e interstício. Aproximadamente 60% dos casos são provocados por Streptococcus pneumoniae, entretanto vírus e fungos também são agentes etiológicos. Em 2018, 417.924 pacientes foram hospitalizados com pneumonia no Brasil, sendo a principal causa de morte em crianças de até 5 anos de idade. As taxas de mortalidade infantil por pneumonia variam por região, sendo mais altas nos estados do Norte e Nordeste (70/1000 habitantes). Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico de internações por pneumonia em crianças no Tocantins no período de 2014 a 2018. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva com abordagem retrospectiva por meio de dados do Departamento de informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DataSUS). As características epidemiológicas foram analisadas a partir de variáveis como categoria CID10, raça, sexo e idade no período de 2014 a 2018 no Tocantins. Resultados: No período de 2014 a 2018 no Tocantins, houveram 13.688 internações por pneumonias em crianças de 0 a 14 anos. A principal faixa etária acometida foram crianças de 1-4 anos de idade com 6.758 internações (49,4%) seguida por crianças menores de 1 ano de idade com 4.691 internações (34,3%). O sexo masculino foi o mais frequente com 7.589 internações (55,4%). Além disso, a raça mais acometida por pneumonia foi a parda com 9.332 internações (68,2%) seguida pela raça branca com 989 internações (7,2%). Conclusão: A pneumonia é uma patologia de difícil diagnóstico etiológico que exige com frequência tratamento empírico pelos profissionais. Logo, fatores como sexo, idade, raça, estado imunológico do paciente e origem da infecção são importantes pois oferecem noções clínicas e bacteriológicas para o estabelecimento da antibioticoterapia para os doentes. Dessa forma, o tratamento adequado reduz a chance de agravos e resume a quantidade de internações que ainda são um desafio para a saúde pública.
MACROADENOMA HIPOFISÁRIO SECRETOR DE ACTH EVOLUINDO COM DOENÇA DE CUSHING: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Cavalcante Macedo Parente Thaís Mahassem
Published: May 2021

Macroademomas hipofisários são tumores da adenohipófise maiores que 10 mm de diâmetro, podendo cursar com sintomas associados ao efeito de massa. São classificados como corticotropinomas quando hormonalmente ativos com secreção exacerbada de ACTH. Esse excesso de secreção de ACTH por um adenoma hipofisário causa a doença de Cushing. De maneira geral, o paciente queixa-se de cefaleia de forte intensidade, tonturas, seguido de síncopes, podendo evoluir com crises convulsivas e alguns episódios de confusão mental. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar o caso de um paciente de 30 anos, do sexo masculino, portador de macroadenoma hipofisário corticotrófico, que abriu um quadro raro com convulsões, evoluindo com sinais clínicos discretos de doença de Cushing, acompanhado no Hospital Geral Público de Palmas -TO, tratado com cetoconazol e com indicação de cirurgia transesfenoidal para ressecção do tumor.

Palavras-chave: Macroadenoma hipofisário. Convulsões. ACTH. Doença de Cushing. Cirurgia transesfenoidal.
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis Technique for Solar Power Sites Selection in Duhok Governorate – Iraq
Authors: Faqe Ibrahim Gaylan R. , Wali Mahmood Kamaran , Mahmud Muhammad Mirza
Published: May 2021

Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy, used particularly in developing countries. There are insufficient fossil fuels and their availability is gradually declining. This leads to a steady increase in prices. Renewable energy is clean, cost-effective and limitless. The considerable population growth and industrial growth have made the construction of solar power plants essential in developing countries. The study used Boolean logical-AHP techniques to select a suitable site for solar power in Duhok Governorate. The result indicated that 68.5% of the area in the governorate of Duhok is available for solar power station construction, especially the most appropriate zone which has 132.2 sq. km and can provide more than 8000 megawatts of solar energy. Most of the appropriate areas are in the south and southwest regions of the governorate, located mostly in the districts of Bardarash, Shekhan and Semel, situated between the major cities of Mosul, Erbil and Duhok. These locations can supply a significant amount of clean, renewable energy for these areas.
Acid Dissolution of Neodymium Magnet Nd-Fe-B in Different Conditions
Authors: Ismailova Akmaral Gazizovna , Akanova Gulsara Zhakashovna , Kamysbayev Duisek Khaissagalievich
Published: May 2021

The separation of rare earth metals (REM) from a neodymium magnet has been widely studied in the last year. We have shown that the waste of computer hard disk contains 25.41 % neodymium, 64.09 % iron, and <<1 % boron. To further isolate rare-earth metals, the magnet was acidically dissolved in open and closed systems. In both methods of dissolution was used concentrated nitric acid. The difference between these methods are the conditions of dissolution of magnet. The magnet was dissolved in a microwave sample preparation system at different temperatures and pressures in a closed system. In the open system, the acid dissolution of the magnet conducted at room temperature. 0.2 g of the neodymium magnet sample was taken under two conditions, and the dissolution process in the closed system lasted 1 hour, and in the open system-30-40 minutes. The open system is a non-laborious, simple and cheap method of dissolving the magnet by comparing both systems. Therefore, an open sample preparation system is used for further work. To remove the iron in the magnet, oxalic acid was used and precipitated as oxalates under both conditions. According to the result of the ICP-MS method, it is shown that the neodymium and iron contents in the precipitate are 24.66 % and 0.06 %, respectively. This shows that the iron has almost completely passed to the filtrate. Thus, it is possible to remove the iron from the sample.
Mental Health, Information and Being Connected: Experiences of Social Media use during the Covid-19 Pandemic from a Trans-National Survey
Authors: Schoultz Mariyana , Leung Janni , Bonsaksen Tore , Ruffolo Mary , Thygesen Hilde , Price Daicia , Geirdal Amy Østertun
Published: May 2021

Background Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the strict national policies regarding social distancing behavior in Europe, America and Australia, people became reliant on social media as a means for gathering information and a tool for staying connected to family, friends and work. This is the first trans-national study exploring the experiences and challenges of using social media while in lockdown or shelter in place during the current pandemic. Methods This study was part of a wider cross-sectional online survey conducted in Norway, UK, USA and Australia during April/May 2020. The research question was to explore the experiences and challenges of social media users during the Covid-19 pandemic. 3810 people took part in the survey and 1991 responses were included in the analysis . Thematic analysis was conducted independently by two researchers. Results Three overarching themes identified were: Emotional/Mental Health, Information and Being Connected. Participants experienced that using social media during the pandemic amplified anxiety, depression, fear, panic, anger, frustration and loneliness. They felt that there was information overload and social media was full of misleading or polarized opinions from which was difficult to switch off. Nonetheless, participants also thought that there was an urge for connection and learning which was positive and stressful and the same time. Conclusion Using social media while in shelter in place or lockdown could have a negative impact on the emotional and mental health of the population. These findings give a clear insight into practical recommendations for policy and practice on the importance of strengthening mental health care in the community and investing in health workers to support the mental health needs of the public.
Radon Survey in Bank Buildings of Campania Region According to the Italian Transposition of Euratom 59/2013
Authors: D'Avino Vittoria , Pugliese Mariagabriella , Ambrosino Fabrizio , Bifulco Mariateresa , La Commara Marco , Roca Vincenzo , Sabbarese Carlo , La Verde Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

Radon gas represents the major contributor to human health risk from environmental radiological exposure. In confined spaces radon can accumulate to relatively high levels so that mitigation actions are necessary. The Italian legislation on radiation protection has set a reference value for the activity concentration of radon at 300 Bq/m3. In this study, measurements of the annual radon concentration in 62 bank buildings, spread on Campania region (Southern Italy), were carried out. Using CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors, radon level was assessed in 136 confined spaces (127 at underground and 9 at ground floors), frequented by workers and/or the public. The survey parameters considered in the analysis of the results were: floor types, wall cladding materials, number of openings, door/window opening duration for air exchange. Radon levels were found to be between 17 and 680 Bq/m3, with an average value of 130 Bq/m3 and a standard deviation of 120 Bq/m3. About 7% of the results gave a radon activity concentration above 300 Bq/m3. The analysis showed that the floor level and air exchange have the most significant influence. This study highlighted the importance to assess the indoor radon levels, even in particular environments, to protect public and workers by radon-induced effects on health.
From modern school to cyberculture: challengers for contemporary basic education
Authors: Pereira Max Augusto Franco , Schneider Henrique Nou
Published: May 2021

This article presents the fundamentals of the pedagogical model of the modern school and analyzes the challenges of contemporary basic education in the face of the issue of sociality and the language of cyberculture and its assumptions. The qualitative approach of the research is guided by Sampieri et al. (2013) to deepen a bibliographic review in authors' texts on the themes, exploring the concept of a modern school and the problems of language and cognitive profile of users of digital culture, as educational challenges. The research identified that the modern school is a technology of the time that form disciplined and educated citizens for the acceptance of the linear rationality of the culture of the press, without realizing the change in the matrices of the language and the thought and the student’s subjectivity, requiring the reconfiguration of its practices to add online learning and its production narratives to the curriculum.
Bernoulli-Assisted Percutaneous Removal of an Intra-articular Foreign Body
Authors: Keyes Sean , Morscher Melanie A. , Bono Kenneth T.
Published: May 2021

Case:

A 4-year-old child presented with an intra-articular broken sewing needle in her knee. It was removed arthroscopically using a spinal needle percutaneously placed posterior to the tibia in line with the long axis of the sewing needle. The stylet was partially withdrawn to allow the sewing needle to lay within the spinal needle hollow. When the stylet was removed, the foreign body was propelled through the spinal needle by the increased velocity of the outflowing fluid and decreased pressure (Bernoulli's principle) and was caught in a specimen container.

Conclusion:

This percutaneous technique is one of several for removing a small foreign body.
A vida em “Cenários”: “não, não é bem isso”
Authors: Aquino Ivânia Campigotto , Moraes Gisele Benck de
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar numa perspectiva linguística, argumentativa e literária a materialidade do conto “Cenários” (1982), de Sérgio Sant’Anna. Para a fundamentação teórica, foram utilizados estudos de Arneiro (2011), Bosi (1985), Pereira (2011), Poe (1985, 2011), Cortázar (2006), Pellegrini (2008), Ducrot (1987, 1988, 2005) e Carel (2005). Com base nesses estudos, parte-se da hipótese de que a linguagem é um fator determinante para a intencionalidade e compreensão tanto do autor como do leitor, uma vez que a argumentatividade está implícita na língua e as instruções possíveis do léxico ou do enunciado possibilitam o entendimento e a concordância do leitor. Os resultados apontam para as diferentes possibilidades argumentativas que os enunciados projetam dentro de um texto, no caso do conto “Cenários”, e que estas relações são estabelecidas de acordo com as instruções linguísticas permitidas pelo escritor.
Empréstimos de conjunções e subordinadores do Português em Nheengatu
Authors: Cândido Gláucia Vieira , Cruz Aline da , Oliveira Giovana Alves de
Published: May 2021

Estudos demonstram que os empréstimos linguísticos também ocorrem em classes gramaticais, como a das conjunções, conforme Muysken (1981) e Matras (2009), embora sejam mais comuns em classes lexicais. Por isso, este artigo discute a acessibilidade de conjunções a se manifestarem como empréstimos. Para tanto, faz-se uma análise dos empréstimos de conjunções do Português Brasileiro (PB) que são utilizadas em Nheengatu (NG). A partir da comparação entre dados, foram identificados empréstimos como o da adversativa “mas” (em Nheengatu, “ma”) e do advérbio de tempo dêitico “agora”, que adquiriu, em um processo de gramaticalização, também a função de conjunção de ressalva, a qual foi transportada para o NG. Pôde-se confirmar a abertura das línguas para empréstimos de conjunções e que termos de funções ambíguas no PB são transportados com função mais delimitada para o NG.
A citação em textos científicos: uma análise semio-historiográfica do argumento de influência
Authors: Moreira Patricia Veronica , Santos Flavia Karla Ribeiro , Portela Jean Cristtus
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho visamos à formulação de uma proposta metodológica para a análise de citação em textos científicos de Semiótica, de uma perspectiva semio-historiográfica. Em Historiografia Linguística (HL), o reconhecimento público oferece as primeiras bases de uma historiografia conceitual sobre a noção de influência. Cremos, porém, que ele pode ser dificultado pela “citação assimilada” e a Semiótica contribui para a confirmação dessa hipótese com estudos sobre intertextualidade, interdiscursividade e operações de triagem e mistura. Ao analisarmos a influência intelectual nas práticas científicas citacionais dos semioticistas, observamos que as citações direta e indireta constituem prova textual ao reconhecimento público e as operações de mistura de grau máximo (fusão) transformam discursos referenciais em citações assimiladas, dificultando o reconhecimento público de um autor em uma pesquisa historiográfica.
O espaço da tradução em âmbito institucional: considerações sobre os contextos acadêmico e governamental sob a ótica da virada do poder
Authors: Peixoto Rafaela Araújo Jordão Rigaud
Published: May 2021

Neste artigo, será realizada uma breve retrospectiva sobre o desenvolvimento da área de Estudos da Tradução, a fim de compreender de que forma as diversas influências históricas definiram seu atual estado-da-arte e o processo de institucionalização da disciplina. Com base em Snell-Hornby (2006) e Blume e Peterle (2013), serão analisados nove perfis de seleções públicas de concursos e credenciamentos, a fim de tecer considerações sobre o efetivo espaço da tradução (e do tradutor) no âmbito institucional. Como resultado, observou-se que, embora um passo importante tenha sido dado no sentido de oferecer espaço institucional para a tradução e, principalmente, para o tradutor, essa mudança de paradigma, como denomina Lambert (2013), ainda ocorre de forma bastante paulatina, sem necessariamente conferir-lhes a devida expressividade em procedimentos estabelecidos dentro dessas instituições.
Os estágios da vida humana em representações sociais: uma perspectiva da Linguística de Corpus
Authors: Silva Barbara Soares da
Published: May 2021

O artigo que aqui se apresenta foi motivado pela necessidade de compreender as representações do ser humano nas diversas fases da vida. Estas foram operacionalizadas por meio dos seguintes itens lexicais: man, woman, adolescent, adolescence, adult, boy, girl, child, kid, teen e teenager (bem como em suas formas plurais). Os dados da análise consistiram nas publicações disponibilizadas pelo Google Books no período de 1800 a 2008. Para tanto, foram realizadas diversas análises de sequências de palavras adjacentes formadas pela base de dados do Google Books Ngrams. A pesquisa fundamenta-se na Linguística de Corpus, por meio da qual foi possível verificar os padrões de uso dessas palavras bem como a variação do uso desses itens. O estudo compreendeu análise quantitativa, primeiramente, e qualitativa, posteriormente, por meio da interpretação da temática apontada pelo léxico, pela leitura e análise de textos disponibilizados pela base do Google Books. A partir da análise dos padrões e da variação temporal de uso, foram apontadas as representações emergentes de cada item investigado. Com base nessa análise, foi possível detectar presença das representações, sendo possível verificar como o ser humano tem sido representado pela linguagem (em inglês) nos últimos três séculos. Além dos resultados obtidos, a presente pesquisa sugere o poder do estudo da análise histórica baseada em grandes quantidades de dados textuais.
.QSAR-QMMM Cryptographic Mining on Chern-Simons Topologies for the generation of a Ligand Targeting SARS-COV-2 D614G Binding Sites.
Authors: Grigoriadis Ioannis
Published: May 2021

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the viral spike (S) encoding a SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G mutation protein predominate over time in locales revealing the dynamic aspects of its key viral processes where it is found, implying that this change enhances viral transmission. It has also been observed that retroviruses infected ACE2-expressing cells pseudotyped with SG614 that is presently affecting a growing number of countries markedly more efficiently than those with SD614. In this paper, we strongly combine topology geometric methods targeting at the atomistic level the protein apparatus of the SARS-COV-2 virus that are simple in machine learning anti-viral characteristics, to propose computer-aided rational drug design strategies efficient in computing docking usage, and powerful enough to achieve very high accuracy levels for this in-silico effort for the generation of the AI-Quantum designed molecule of GisitorviffirnaTM, Roccustyrna_gs1_TM, and Roccustyrna_fr1_TM ligands with Preferred IUPAC Names of (7aR)‐5‐amino‐N‐[(S)‐ {2‐[(S)‐[(E)‐(amino methylidene)amino](cyano)methyl]hydrazin‐1‐yl} (aziridin‐1‐yl)phosphoryl]‐ 1‐[(2E)‐2‐ [(fluoromethanimidoyl) imino]acetyl]‐7‐oxo‐1H,7H,7aH‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine‐3‐carboxamide; N‐{[(2‐ amino‐6‐oxo‐6,9‐dihydro‐1H‐purin‐9‐yl)amino]({1‐[5‐({[cyano({1‐[(diamino methylidene)amino] ethenyl})amino]oxy}methyl)‐3,4‐dihydroxyoxolan‐2‐yl]‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl}formamido)phosphoryl}‐6‐fluoro‐3,4‐dihydropyrazine‐2‐carboxamide;[3‐(2‐amino‐5‐sulfanylidene‐1,2,4‐triazolidin‐3‐yl)oxaziridin‐2‐yl]({3‐sulfanylidene‐1,2,4,6‐tetraazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan‐6‐yl})phosphoroso1‐(3,4,5‐trifluorooxolan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐carboxylate targeting the COVID-19-SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G mutation using Chern-Simons Topology Euclidean Geometric in a Lindenbaum-Tarski generated QSAR automating modeling and Artificial Intelligence-Driven Predictive Neural Networks.
Prognostic significance of preoperative NLR, PLR and LMR in patients suffering from gastric neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Fang Can , Zou Bing-bing
Published: May 2021

Background: The prognostic value of inflammatory response makers for predicting clinical outcome have been proved valid in various cancers.The aim of this study was to explore the influence of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR) on the prognosis of gastric neuroendocrine tumor.Methods: One hundred and three patients who underwent curative surgery for gastric neuroendocrine tumor were enrolled form 2009-2018 in The first affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University.NLR,PLR and LMR were calculated from peripheral blood cell counts taken before surgery.Optimal cutoff values of NLR,PLR and LMR were determined on the basis of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,and their prognostic values were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curve,univariate and multivariate COX regression models.Result:The cutoff value of NLR,PLR and LMR was 2.08,147.5 and 3.94,respectively.Elevated NLR,PLR and declined LMR were found to relate with diminished Overall survival (OS) in surgical gNET patients.Multivariate analysis identified the LMR(HR=0.923 (0.860-0.991), P=0.027);tumor size(HR=1.130 (1.032-1.239),P = 0.009) and high grade postoperative complication(HR=2.847 (1.129-7.480), P =0.027) as independent prognostic factors.Conclusion: Inflammatory response markers can predict clinical outcome in patients with gNET,especially LMR might be considered as a convenient indicator for patients’ prognosis
Cancer and exposure to pesticides: a bibliometric study from the last 10 years
Authors: Pedroso Thays , Benvindo-Souza Marcelino , Nascimento Felipe , Woch Julia , Reis Fabiana dos , Silva Daniela de Melo e
Published: May 2021

Occupational exposure to pesticides has been identified as a promoting factor for the development of cancer. Pesticides can cause intoxication in the individuals who manipulate them, either by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. Therefore, our study aimed to describe the association between cancer and occupational exposure to pesticides from 2011 to 2020 through a bibliometric analysis. We selected 62 papers in the Scopus database. The results indicated an exponential increase in studies in the last decade; on a geographic scale, the USA, France, India, and Brazil were the countries that most investigated the association of cancer and pesticides among the 21 nationalities found. The main classes of pesticides were insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides associated with intoxication and cancer. Among the most reported cancers were multiple myeloma, bladder cancer, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, prostate, leukemia, and breast cancer. Although pesticides are associated with health problems, studies involving cancer and these products are still scarce when related to global use and the demand for agricultural production on the planet.
Hypoxia-Related Immune Gene Signature Predicting Prognosis in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Lingshan , Yang Yuan , Liu Min , Liu Rong , Ren Man , Zheng Ya , Wang Yuping , Zhou Yongning
Published: May 2021

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health challenge. Increasing evidence indicates that hypoxia is crucial in the evolution and progression of HCC by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment. The present study aimed to construct a prognostic relevant hypoxia-related immune gene (HRIG) signature. MethodsWe analyzed the expression profile of the 163 HRIGs and clinical information of 371 patients with HCC obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, consensus clustering analysis was performed to divide HCC patients into clusters 1 and 2 based on the HRIG expression. Subsequently, A multigene signature was constructed by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses. Then, we evaluated the prognostic capability of this signature by Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression. The prognostic value of the signature was validated in the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. Furthermore, the functional enrichment analyses were preformed to elucidate their biological significance. Finally, we evaluated the infiltration of immune cells and the sensitivity of administrating chemotherapeutic agents.ResultsA total of 37 prognosis-related HRIGs were obtained. Subsequently, we constructed an 8-gene signature on the basis of prognosis-related HRIGs, which had a good performance in predicting the overall survival of patients with HCC. In addition, the signature expressed robust when validated in ICGC. The results revealed that these genes involved in some of the HCC-related pathways and was associated with the infiltration of immune cell subtypes. More importantly, the identified model was linked to the sensitivity of some chemotherapeutic agents. ConclusionsHRIG signature is an effective predictor for the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Influence Of Competition And Intraguild Predation Between Two Candidate Biocontrol Parasitoids On Their Potential Impact Against Harrisia Cactus Mealybug, Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Aguirre María B. , Bruzzone Octavio A. , Triapitsyn Serguei V. , Diaz-Soltero Hilda , Hight Stephen D. , Logarzo Guillermo A.
Published: May 2021

When two or more parasitoid species, particularly candidates for biocontrol, share the same target in the same temporal window, a complex of behaviors can occur among them. We studied the type of interactions (competition and intraguild predation) that existed between the nymphal parasitoids Anagyrus cachamai and A. lapachosus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), two candidate neoclassical biocontrol agents against the Puerto Rican cactus pest mealybug, Hypogeococcus sp. (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). The surrogate native congener host in Argentina, the cactus mealybug Hypogeococcus sp., was studied to predict which species should be released; in the case that both should be released, in which order, and their potential impact on host suppression. In the laboratory we conducted experiments where different densities of the host mealybug were exposed to naive females of A. cachamai and A. lapachosus sequentially in both directions. Experiments were analyzed by combining a series of competitive behavioral and functional response models. A fully Bayesian approach was used to select the best explaining models and calculate their parameters. Intraguild predation existed between A. cachamai, the species that had the greatest ability to exploit the resource, and A. lapachosus, the strongest species in the interference competition. The role that intraguild predation played in suppression of Hypogeococcus sp. indicated that a multiple release strategy for the two biocontrol agents would produce better control than a single release; as for the release order, A. lapachosus should be released first.
Bacterial Strain for Bast Fiber Crops Degumming and Its Bio-Degumming Technique
Authors: Duan Shengwen , Xu Bingrong , Cheng Lifeng , Feng Xiangyuan , Yang Qi , Zheng Ke , Gao Mingqiang , Peng Yuande
Published: May 2021

The R&D of bio-degumming technology is under a slow progress due to the shortage of proper efficient bacterial strains and processes. A degumming bacterial strain—Pectobacterium wasabiae (PW)—with broad-spectrum degumming abilities was screened out in this study. After the fermentation for 12 h, the residual gum contents of kenaf bast, ramie bast, hemp bast, flax bast, and Apocynum venetum bast were all lower than 15%. This bacterial strain could realize the simultaneous extracellular secretion of pectinase, mannase, and xylanase with the maximum enzyme activity levels of 130.25, 157.58, and 115.24 IU/mL, respectively. The optimal degumming conditions of this bacterial strain were as follows: degumming time of 12 h, bath ratio of 1:10, temperature of 33 ℃, and inoculum size of 2%. After the bio-degumming through this bacterial strain, the COD in wastewater was below 4,000 mg/L, which was over 60% lower than that in boiling-off wastewater generated by chemical degumming. This technology achieves higher efficiency, higher quality, and lower pollution.
Systematic Pan-Cancer Analysis and Experimental Verification Identify FOXA1 As An Immunological and Prognostic Biomarker In Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Wang Kai , Yu Junhui , Guan Chenan , Chen Xing , Shang Xianwen , Mei Shuangshuang , Feng Xingjun , Zheng Lingzhi
Published: May 2021

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has the lowest survival rate among female reproductive cancers present with symptoms of aggressive malignancies, poor prognosis, drug resistance and postoperative recurrence. The majority of patients with EOC are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the therapeutic challenges including lack of early diagnosis and effective therapeutic targets for EOC.Methods: Pan-cancer analyses were performed to explore the features of Forkhead box (FOX) A1 (FOXA1) using data from TCGA and GTEx database. R package “clusterprofiler” was used to perform the enrichment analysis of FOXA1 in EOC. Data downloaded from Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database were used to evaluate the association between FOXA1 and anti-tumor drug sensitivity. In experimental verification, FOXA1 expression was detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and transwell assays were used to assess the influence of FOXA1 silencing on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of EOC cellsResults: We found that FOXA1 was highly expressed in EOC and predicted poorer survival of EOC patients. We observed that FOXA1 expression was positively correlated EMT related pathways. Through experimental verification, we found the underlying function of FOXA1 to promote EMT in ovarian cancers. Results from western blot, immunofluorescence staining and transwell assays showed that FOXA1 silencing impeded the progression of EMT and invasiveness of the cancer cells. Furthermore, CCK-8 and invasion assays suggested that siRNA-FOXA1 attenuated the ability of cancer cells to metastasize and proliferate. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the binding activity of FOXA1 to the promoter of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). In addition, we found that FOXA1 was closely correlated immunosuppressive microenvironment of EOC. High FOXA1 expression may contribute to resistance of many anti-cancer drugs.Conclusions: Our results predict and validate the function of FOXA1 in promoting EMT and the progression of disease in EOC. Targeting FOXA1 may improve the sensitivity of EOC treatment.
Impact of Land Use On The Variability of Soil Attributes Within Distinct Amazonian Environments
Authors: de Aquino Renato Eleotério , Júnior José Marques , Campos Milton César Costa , Silva Laércio Santos , Gomes Romário Pimenta , Pimentel Marcelo Laranjeira , de Oliveira Ivanildo Amorim , Siqueira Diego Silva
Published: May 2021

Changes in soil attributes caused by the conversion of native forest for agricultural use in the Amazon region is an area of research because of current uncertainties regarding land use and occupation processes. These uncertainties are significant for tropical soils. Understanding changes in soil attributes is vital for developing strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the Amazon region. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of land use on soil attribute variability occurring in distinctly Amazonian environments. This study was conducted using five meshes in Southern Amazonas: Forest 1, cassava, sugarcane, Forest 2, and Archeological Dark Earth (ADE). Descriptive statistical, geostatistical, and multivariate analyses were performed on data obtained from local measurements of CO2 emissions and data obtained from physical and chemical analysis of soil layers up to a depth of 20 cm. Most physical, chemical, and biological attributes of the soil were related to land use classifications. The similarity between cultivated and forested areas yielded no evidence of land degradation resulting from land use. Increasing certain physical attributes total porosity (PT), soil moisture (SM), and Macroporosity (Macro) yielded a greater increase in the CO2 efflux for ADE and Amazon forest environments than for cultivated regions.
Anti-quorum Sensing Potential of Ageratum Conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) Extracts
Authors: COMPAORE Eli , COMPAORE Moussa , OUEDRAOGO Vincent , ROUAMBA Ablassé , KIENDREBEOGO Martin
Published: May 2021

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes infections in human particularly immunocompromised patients with cystic fibrosis, severe burns and HIV, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenic bacteria P aeruginosa produces virulence factors regulated by the mechanism called quorum sensing system. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the anti-quorum sensing activity of Ageratum conyzoides extracts Method: Chromobacterium violaceum reporter strain CV026 was used to highlight any interference with bacterium QS and strains derived from P. aeruginosa PAO1 were used to reveal any interference with the expression of quorum sensing genes, and to assess any impact of extract on the kinetics of the production of pyocyanin, elastases and biofilm formation. Results: Hydro-methanolic extract at the sub-inhibitory concentration of 100 μg/mL reduced quorum sensing virulence factors production such as, pyocyanin, elastases, rhamnolipids and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa PAO1 after 18 hours monitoring. Extract showed significant inhibition in HSL-mediated violacein production on C. violaceum CV026 after 48 hours monitoring. Biofilm formation was inhibited up to 32%. It affected QS gene expression in PAO1. The regulatory genes lasR / rhlR and the lasI synthases were most affected. At 8hours, hydro-methanolic extract reduced both QS gene to more than 30% (lasI/lasR and rhlI/R respectively 33.8% /30.2% and 36% /33.2%). RhlA and lasB genes have been relatively affected (13.4% and 28.9%). After 18 h, this extract reduced significantly the expression of regulatory 30 genes lasR (31%) and rhlR (39.6%) although synthases genes seemed to be less affected (lasI/21.2% and rhlI/11.6%). A limited impact was observed on the downstream genes (lasB /20.0% and rhlA /15.3%). No negative impact was observed on CV026 and PAO1 growth and cell viability. Our study also showed that A. conyzoides having ample amount of phenolics, flavonoids and triterpenoids. This phytochemical content could be one of the factors for showing anti quorum potential. Conclusion: Results indicate that hydro methanol 80 % extract from A. conyzoides could be a source of potential QS inhibition compounds.
Calvarial Metastasis of Lung Cancer: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Xing Hao , Wang Shishuai , Guo Xiaopeng , Liu Penghao , Wang Yuekun , Wang Yaning , Zhao Binghao , Wang Yu , Ma Wenbin
Published: May 2021

Background: The skull is an uncommon site for bone metastasis of lung cancer. The most common type of skull metastasis is calvarial circumscribed intraosseous lesions. However, the use of targeted therapy or surgery remains controversial and the prognosis is poor.Case presentation: Skull metastasis was detected in a woman 4 years after resection of non-small cell lung cancer. Despite targeted drug therapy, the tumor continued to grow. However, the patient refused surgical treatment until she developed neurological deficit. An epidural effusion occurred after the operation. The patient was followed up for 16 months and her condition remained stable.Conclusion: Skull metastases of lung cancer can grow invasively. The current and previously reported cases highlight the importance of prompt removal of tumors located in the calvaria.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Costal Sediments and Indian Halibuts of Asaluyeh, Kangan, Khark, Emam Hasan and Bushehr Coasts, Iran: Distribution Pattern and Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Nourian Ghafour , Haghighi Neamat , Tabatabaei Tayebeh , Kohgardi Esmaeil , Pazira Abdul
Published: May 2021

A total 20 sediment and 20 Indian halibut samples were sampled from Asaluyeh, Kangan, Khark, Emam Hasan and Bushehr coast, Bushehr province, Iran for studying distribution and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs were analyzed using HPLC. The mean ƩPAHs concentrations in sediment and Indian halibut samples were 6.894 ± 1.4301 and 14.807 ± 7.486 mg/kg, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship (P < 0.05) between ƩPAHs, 2–3 ring compounds, and 4 ring compounds in the sediments and Indian halibut samples. ƩPAHs concentration in sediments and Indian halibuts was higher in Asaluyeh area followed by Khark area. The values of PAHs pollution in the Bushehr province coastline were low to very high. The toxic equivalent quotient (TEQ), excess cancer risk (ECR), and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were applied for health risk assessment. Based on TEQ calculation, DA was a good marker in assessing PAHs related to health risk. DDI values for ∑PAHs and ∑CPAHs (carcinogenic PAHs) were also highest in Asaluyeh and Kangan, respectively. ILCR values for sediments in 10% of all stations and cumulative ECR values for Indian halibuts in all studied areas exceeded the USEPA acceptable level thus suggesting a potential cancer risk. Thus, regular monitoring of PAHs pollutants in the coastlines of Bushehr province is recommended.
Cortical pore size distribution and viscoelastic tibia properties discriminate fragility fractures independent of bone mineral density
Authors: Raum Kay , Armbrecht Gabriele , Minh Huong , Massmann Jonas
Published: May 2021

Osteoporosis is a disorder of bone remodeling leading to reduced bone mass, structural deterioration, and increased bone fragility. The established diagnosis is based on the measurement of areal bone mineral density by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which poorly captures individual bone loss and structural decay. Enlarged cortical pores in the tibia have been proposed to indicate structural deterioration and reduced bone strength in the hip. Here, we report for the first time the in-vivo assessment of the cortical pore size distribution together with viscoelastic bone properties by means of a novel ultrasonic cortical backscatter (CortBS) technology to discriminate between fractured and nonfractured postmenopausal women (N = 55). The discrimination performance was benchmarked with DXA and high-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT). The results suggest a superior discrimination performance of CortBS (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.69 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.75) compared to DXA (0.53 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.55) and a similar performance compared to HR-pQCT (0.68 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.73).
Construction and Evaluation of Transfer Function of Marginal Soil Temperature on the South Side of Greenhouse under Different Linings
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ta Na , Tian Wei-ye , Gao Li-jun , Jiao Wei
Published: May 2021

The marginal soil temperature on the south side of a greenhouse remains at low temperatures in winter for long periods, which affects crop growth and land-use efficiency, it is of great significance to grasp the influencing factors of soil temperature change to improve the marginal soil temperature on the south side of the greenhouse. This study was conducted in at typical greenhouse in the cold and arid area of northern China and used the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method, the relational degree between the marginal soil temperature on the south side of the greenhouse and environmental factors under different lining structures was analyzed, and established the soil temperature transfer function. The results show that soil temperature had the greatest correlation with the soil humidity and air humidity inside and outside the greenhouse, and the second greatest correlation was the relation with the air temperature inside and outside the greenhouse and the outdoor soil temperature; the lining structure could effectively reduce the relation between soil temperature and humidity inside and outside the greenhouse. Polystyrene extruded board (PEB) had a greater degree of relational reduction than other lining materials in the test. Through verification analysis, the mean absolute error of soil temperature of 5 cm was less than 0.85 °C, the average absolute error of soil temperature at 15 cm was less than 0.57 °C, and the average absolute error of soil temperature at 25 and 55 cm was less than 0.2 °C. In conclusion, the constructed soil temperature transfer function could be used to predict the variation trend of soil temperature, and the PEB material lining structure had good thermal insulation.
High-resolution melting analysis as an alternative method for human neutrophil antigen genotyping
Authors: Yasui K. , Tanaka M. , Hayashi T. , Matsuyama N. , Kuroishi A. , Furuta R.A. , Tani Y. , Hirayama F.
Published: May 2021

Human neutrophil antigen (HNA)-typed granulocyte panels are widely used to screen for the presence of HNA antibodies and to determine antibody specificity. Many laboratories screen donors for HNA genotypes using low-throughput methods such as allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR–restriction fragment–length polymorphism, and multiplex PCR. In the present study, we used a high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis to determine HNA genotypes. For the HRM analysis, purified genomic DNA samples were amplified via PCR with HNA-specific primers. Nucleotide substitutions in genes encoding HNAs were differentiated on the basis of the HRM curves, and the results of HRM and DNA sequencing analyses were determined to be in complete agreement. The gene frequency of HNA-1a, -1b, -1c, -3a, -3b, -4a, -4b, -5a, and -5b in the Japanese population was consistent with the previous reports. Our results suggest that HRM analysis can be used for genotyping HNA antigens determined by single nucleotide substitutions.
Immunohematology

2015;31:7–13.
Mass-scale donor red cell genotyping using real-time array technology
Authors: Denomme G.A. , Schanen M.J.
Published: May 2021

Blood centers are in the unique position to evaluate large numbers of blood donations for antigen-negative blood types. The limitations with the use of hemagglutination, however, can be circumvented with red cell genotyping. The reagents used for genotyping are synthesized and can be designed for any of the known blood group antigen single nucleotide polymorphisms that are associated with blood group antigen expression. There is interest in the application of mass-scale red cell genotyping of blood donors to find rare phenotypes and rare combinations of antigens. When performed on donors who are predicted to donate again after testing, integrating the genotype information with existing donor data and demographics provides the blood center with real-time information to identify the common clinically relevant blood group antigens demanded by hospital transfusion services. This review outlines a red cell genotype methodology using TaqMan chemistry and existing algorithms and data handling to gain the full value of mass-scale red cell genotyping of blood donors.
Immunohematology

2015;31:69–74.
First example of an FY*01 allele associated with weakened expression of Fya on red blood cells
Authors: Arndt P.A. , Horn T. , Keller J.A. , Young R. , Heri S.M. , Keller M.A.
Published: May 2021

Duffy antigens are important in immunohematology. The reference allele for the Duffy gene (FY) is FY*02, which encodes Fyb. An A>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at coding nucleotide (c.) 125 in exon 2 defines the FY*01 allele, which encodes the antithetical Fya. A C>T SNP at c.265 in the FY*02 allele is associated with weakening of Fyb expression on red blood cells (RBCs) (called FyX). Until recently, this latter change had not been described on a FY*01 background allele. Phenotype-matched units were desired for a multi-transfused Vietnamese fetus with α-thalassemia. Genotyping of the fetus using a microarray assay that interrogates three SNPs (c.1-67, c.125, and c.265) in FY yielded indeterminate results for the predicted Duffy phenotype. Genomic sequencing of FY exon 2 showed that the fetal sample had one wild-type FY*01 allele and one new FY*01 allele with the c.265C>T SNP, which until recently had only been found on the FY*02 allele. Genotyping performed on samples from the proband’s parents indicated that the father had the same FY genotype as the fetus. Flow cytometry, which has been previously demonstrated as a useful method to study antigen strength on cells, was used to determine if this new FY*01 allele was associated with reduced Fya expression on the father’s RBCs. Median fluorescence intensity of the father’s RBCs (after incubation with anti-Fya and fluorescein-labeled anti-IgG) was similar to known FY*01 heterozygotes and significantly weaker than known FY*01 homozygotes. In conclusion, the fetus and father both had one normal FY*01 allele and one new FY*01 allele carrying c.265C>T. This new FY*01 allele, named FY*01W.01, is associated with weakened expression of Fya on RBCs.
Immunohematology

2015;31:103–107.