bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forvarnir og afleiðingar starfstengdrar kulnunar
Authors: Einarsdóttir Arney , Ólafsdóttir Katrín , Gunnarsdóttir Sigrún
Published: June 2023

Umræða um kulnun og aukið álag í starfsumhverfi fólks hefur aukist mjög hérlendis síðustu ár eins og víða erlendis. Í rannsóknum hefur sjónum verið beint að einstökum starfsstéttum í umönnunar- og þjónustustörfum, eða þar sem unnið er með fólk, og kulnun gjarnan rakin til viðvarandi álags í starfi sem ekki hefur náðst að stjórna. Starfstengd kulnun einskorðast þó ekki við slík störf og mætti beina sjónum líka að jákvæðum starfstengdum viðhorfum starfsfólks og væntum afleiðingum fyrir vinnustaði í viðhorfum og hegðun starfsfólks.
Markmiðið hér er að varpa ljósi á jákvæð starfstengd viðhorf sem geta verndað starfsfólk gegn kulnun í starfi, og að varpa ljósi á afleiðingar kulnunareinkenna í viðhorfum og hegðun starfsfólks í fjölbreyttum störfum og starfsgreinum hér á landi. Notað var almenna mælitæki Maslach Burnout Inventory er mælir svokallað tilfinningaþrot. Gagna var aflað rafrænt meðal 898 starfsmanna í ólíkum störfum og starfsgreinum í alls 32 skipulagsheildum haustið 2019 og var svarhlutfallið 47%.
Niðurstöður sýna neikvæð tengsl starfsánægju, sanngirni og trausts við kulnun. Það gefur vísbendingu um að starfsánægja og upplifun starfsfólks á sanngirni og trausti á vinnustað geti verndað starfsfólk gegn kulnunareinkennum. Niðurstöður sýna jafnframt neikvæð tengsl kulnunar við hollustu í starfi af hálfu starfsfólks og jákvæð tengsl við aukin áform um starfslok. Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar veita innsýn í tengsl jákvæðra viðhorfa starfsfólks við kulnun og mögulegar neikvæðar afleiðingar kulnunar fyrir skipulagsheildir. Niðurstöður eru því framlag til þekkingar á sviði kulnunar meðal fjölbreytts hóps starfsfólks hér á landi. Niðurstöður geta auk þess nýst stjórnendum og öðrum sem starfa á sviði mannauðsmála í markvissri viðleitni í forvörnum gegn kulnun í starfi á vinnustöðum.
Ávinningur af erlendri fjárfestingu í tæpa þrjá áratugi
Authors: Magnússon Gylfi , Sigurðsson Kári
Published: June 2023

Erlend verðbréf, sem skráð eru í kauphöll, bæta sögulegt hlutfall ávöxtunar og áhættu fyrir íslenska fjárfesta, eins og t.d. lífeyrissjóði. Sé áhætta mæld með staðalfráviki, bætir erlenda fjárfestingin hlutfallið um 34% samanborið við innlent verðbréfasafn. Nánar tiltekið hækkar meðalávöxtun umfram áhættulausa vexti um 0,93 prósentustig (úr 2,76 í 3,70%) miðað við hagkvæmasta safn með 10% staðalfrávik en slíkt safn er með sambærilega áhættu í erlendum áhættusömum skuldabréfum eins og erlendum hlutabréfum. Óskráðar erlendar eignir bæta þetta hlutfall enn frekar en töluverð óvissa ríkir um það mat. Líkur á öfgakenndri ávöxtun (reisn) minnka umtalsvert við erlenda eignadreifingu.
Fjölþjóðleg rannsóknar- og þróunarverkefni. Áhrif samfjármögnunar á nýtingu þekkingar
Authors: Óskarsson Gunnar , Egilsson Guðjón Helgi
Published: June 2023

Nýsköpun er almennt talin mikilvæg forsenda framfara fyrirtækja og samfélagsins. Það er ekki einungis brýnt að þróa nýjar og endurbættar vörur og þjónustu samkeppninnar vegna, heldur einnig til að uppfylla kröfur vegna loftslagsbreytinga, stuðla að sjálfbærni og mæta sívaxandi kröfum í heilbrigðisþjónustu, svo eitthvað sé nefnt. Til að stuðla að auknum árangri í nýsköpunarverkefnum hafa stefnumarkandi aðilar lagt áherslu á samstarf yfir landamæri meðal þeirra sem hljóta styrki til rannsóknar og þróunarverkefna.
Markmið þessarar rannsóknar er að kanna hver áhrif þessara nýju áherslna eru á samstarf yfir landamæri, framgang verkefnanna og vistkerfi nýsköpunar. Beitt var eigindlegri aðferðarfræði þar sem rætt var við tólf þátttakendur sem tóku þátt í nýsköpunarverkefnum sem hlutu styrki úr Tækniþróunarsjóði Íslands, þar af sex sem hlutu styrki innan Eurostars áætlunarinnar sem gerir kröfu um samstarf yfir landamæri og sex sem hlutu það sem við köllum staðbundna styrki.
Niðurstöðurnar benda til þess að verkefnin sem byggja á samstarfi yfir landamæri njóti ávinnings af þeim fjölbreyttari þekkingargrunni sem þau hafa aðgang að. Styrkþegar Eurostars styrkjanna þróuðu tengslanet sitt á breiðari grundvelli og með áhrifaríkari hætti en þegar verkefnin byggðu einungis á staðbundnum styrkjum; þeir náðu að efla nýsköpunarfærni sína sem gæti stuðlað að viðvarandi nýsköpun og loks nutu þátttakendur í vistkerfi nýsköpunar víða að jafnframt ávinnings af þekkingu þeirra með þeim hætti að leitt gæti til framfara út fyrir landsteinana.
Takmörkun þessarar rannsóknar eru aðallega tvenns konar, annars vegar sú að einungis er byggt á viðtölum við 12 einstaklinga, alla frá sama landi og menningu, hins vegar að viðmælendur í hópnum sem tengdust Eurostars verkefnum kunna að búa almennt yfir meiri reynslu og þekkingu á styrkjakerfinu og eru því hugsanlega færari í að nýta sér þekkingu samstarfsaðila. Rannsóknin veitir þannig fyrst og fremst innsýn í viðfangsefnið og ekki hægt að alhæfa út frá niðurstöðunum.
Higher order computational model considering the effects of transverse normal strain and 2-parameter elastic foundation for the bending of laminated panels
Authors:   Department of Structural Engineering, Sanjivani College of Engineering, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Kopargaon-423603, Maharashtra, India, Sayyad Atteshamuddin Shamshuddin , Palekar Shailesh P. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sanjivani College of Engineering, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Kopargaon-423603, Maharashtra, Indi, Shinde Bharti M. ,   Department of Structural Engineering, Sanjivani College of Engineering, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Kopargaon-423603, Maharashtra, India
Published: June 2023

In this study, the authors analyze laminated composite panels supported on an elastic foundation considering the effects of transverse normal strain. A 2-parameter, i.e., Winkler and Pasternak foundation model is assumed to represent the interaction between the panels and the foundation. The theory presented here takes into account the effects of transverse shear and normal strains. The theory plots realistic distributions of the transverse shear stress through the plate thickness and satisfies the shear-free conditions at the extreme surfaces of the panel. The differential equations of the present model are obtained from the principle of virtual work. The laminated composite panel resting on the elastic foundation is analyzed for simply supported boundary conditions. For the verification purpose, the presented problems are also solved using the Reddy's model, Mindlin's model, and the classical model. Good agreement is observed between the numerical results obtained using the present model and the other models.
Activity of Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) and Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) Extract as Afrodisiac
Authors: Astuti Karunita Ika , N. Putri Aristha , Saputri Revita , P. Sari Ika , N.S. Sulaiman Teuku
Published: June 2023

Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) is a typical plant of South Kalimantan, and Kersen (Muntingiacalabura L) contains flavonoids and steroids was empirically used for aphrodisiac. However, nopreclinical trials using that extracts. This research to test the aphrodisiac activity to optimal dose isobtained and the possibility of a synergistic or toxic effect if the two extracts are combined. Thestudy aimed to determine of secondary metabolites and the aphrodisiac effect of extracts. The testused a completely randomized design into 8 groups. Parameters measured were frequency approach(introduction), riding (climbing), and mating (coitus). The results showed the Kasturi have of flavonoid,Steroid, and Phenol. Kersen extract have contained saponins, phenol, flavonoid, steroid. Kersen extract200 mg/kg BW dose shows the highest rather than the others. The combination of kersen and kasturiextracts of 100 mg/kgBW and 200 mg/kg BW doses did not show better effect when compared to asingle dose. It can be concluded that the aphrodisiac activity in the combination of kersen and kasturiextracts tends not synergis.
Procesos de relocalización asociados a tomas de tierras. Efectos en las lógicas de expansión urbana
Authors: Alessio Agustín , Rodríguez Tarducci Rocío , Frediani Julieta
Published: June 2023

El planteo en relación con la ciudad “com-fusa” ha sido utilizado para abordar las problemáticas de las ciudades latinoamericanas. Pueden señalarse tres actores de la producción urbana: el Estado, el privado y los sectores populares. Interesa profundizar en las estrategias de acceso al suelo de estos últimos, a lo que diversos autores han llamado producción social del hábitat. Se profundizará en las tomas de tierras y en cómo intervino el Estado, particularmente cuando propuso una relocalización. Se recabará información sobre cinco casos que presentan las características mencionadas, que tuvieron lugar en el Gran La Plata, entre los años 2010 y 2017. El objetivo del trabajo consiste en comprender las causas que llevaron al Estado a intervenir relocalizando y qué instrumentos de gestión fueron aplicados. Se realizará un análisis territorial a partir de la construcción de cartografías, tendiente a comprender los efectos que tuvieron estas intervenciones en la lógica de expansión urbana del sector. Se discutirá en torno a la consolidación de problemáticas del hábitat popular en la agenda pública a partir de los años 2000 y los diversos mecanismos e instrumentos de los que se valió el Estado para abordarlas.
PENENTUAN JALUR EVAKUASI HORIZONTAL MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS SKALA PRIORITAS PEMILIHAN ALTERNATIF RUAS JALAN PADA KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT
Authors: Erliana Hilma , Agustian Kusmira , Yusra Cut Liliiza , Hasan Enny Irmawati
Published: June 2023

The city of Meulaboh was one of the areas that had the worst impact when the earthquake and tsunami occurred on December 26, 2004. Apart from the impact on casualties, the impact on infrastructure damage is also high. Disaster risk reduction is meant to reduce the risks caused by disasters, one of which is loss of life. This research is about identifying evacuation routes and testing their feasibility to provide alternative evacuation route selection based on the Multi-Criteria Analysis method and testing its feasibility based on the road service level. The stages of this research method are preceded by the initial identification of alternative road sections that will be used as horizontal evacuation routes. The Selection of the priority scale of each horizontal evacuation route used the Multi-Criteria Analysis (AMK) method, the weighting value of each criterion is the result of an analysis based on the value of the level of importance between each criterion. The criteria used are accessibility, physical, social, and environmental aspects. Field data was collected based on questionnaires and interviews with stakeholders, including the PUPR Office of West Aceh Regency, the BPBK Office of West Aceh Regency, and the Experts. The result of the performance value (Pi) of the highest alternative evacuation route in Johan Pahlawan District is an alternative evacuation route number 1 with the route Jl. Bungong Jaroe - Jln Lintas Barat Sumatra (Imam Bonjol) - Jln. Generations - Jl. Ujong Beurasok Field with a performance value (Pi) of 7.42, and in Meureubo District the highest performance value was found on alternative evacuation route number 5 with the Jl. Meureubo-Reudep - Jl. Ranub Dong-Alue Peunyareng (perumahan griya mahoni) - Jl. Gunong Kleng-Alue Peunyareng with a performance value (Pi) of 6.47. Meanwhile, the highest road performance (DS) score was obtained on the Imam Bonjol road section with a DS value of 0.71, while in Meureubo District it was the Meureubo-Redeup road section with a DS value of 0.56. It can be concluded that these road sections are still within normal limits where the range of the ratio of traffic volume and road capacity is 0.75, with the service level value being in category C which indicates that the road is still feasible to serve the flow of vehicles using the road well.
US Foreign Policy towards Iran During Joe Biden Administration
Authors: Zinah Abdul-Amir Abdul-Hassan Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

US foreign policy is the important driver of many events and policies at the regional and international levels. Perhaps the importance of US foreign policy towards Iran comes from the great importance of both countries. Many other regional and international policies, as well as Iran, which is an important and influential player in a large number of issues, especially at the regional level, in addition to the most prominent issue through which it interacts with a large number of major powers, led by the United States of America, as is the case with the Iranian nuclear program. And the US foreign policy towards Iran came with the assumption of (Joe Biden) government different from that of his predecessor (Donald Trump).

From toughness and imposing more sanctions and tightening the noose politically and economically on Iran to a new policy with a completely different view and awareness (which from the point of view of the new administration did not bring any real results about stopping the Iranian nuclear program and thus achieve the American interest), among the new directions that it adopted (Joe Biden) that more sanctions and tension in relations with Iran have not worked, or at least do not serve the American interest, as the existence of hostile or tense relations with Iran with all the elements that Iran possesses of geopolitical and political power and important natural resources may push it to be Companies and cooperation with other parties that represent a threat to American exclusivity, as is the case with Russia and China.
Cyber Terrorism (Models of International Efforts to Eliminate it)
Authors: Dr. Raji Youssef Mahmoud Al-Bayati
Published: June 2023

This study aims to identify cyber terrorism, which represents one of the types of cyber or space conflicts, so that terrorist activities that have moved to cyberspace in order to carry out their attacks, as these organizations benefited from the development taking place in the information revolution in the means of communication and information, with all that it carries. Of the problems and complications in these activities. So that the current era can be described as “the age of cyberspace” and cyber terrorism is one of the most important new and dangerous security threats, which threatens the international community politically, economically and socially. Wars, As international security in the era of globalization has become threatened at all levels, and electronic terrorism is one of the new and dangerous security threats, as terrorist organizations are exploiting the digital space as an arena for conflict, influence and polarization, so the international community represented by many countries is trying hard to stand in front of those Threats, which will be addressed in this study, especially after many countries have been exposed to cyber-attacks, behind which are countries or terrorist organizations.
Microfacies Analysis and Depositional Environment of the Middle Eocene Avanah Formation in Haibat Sultan Area, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Paxshan M. Khallil  , Sirwan I. Sakry
Published: June 2023

The Avanah Formation (Middle Eocene) was studied in the Haibat sultan section at Bina Bawi Anticline, Northeast of Erbil city within the Iraqi Kurdistan region. The field observation indicated that the formation occurs as Carbonate interbeds within the lower and middle parts of the Gercus Formation, which consists mainly of light yellowish to creamy color, well-bedded, marly, and dolomitic limestone with some intercalations of sandstones and marls reaching about 32 m thick characterized by lateral variations in facies and thicknesses. A petrographic study of 16 thin slices of carbonate rocks indicated that most of the matrix is composed of micrite, with a few microspars. Foraminifers, dasycladacean green alge, and Ostracods make up the skeleton grains. Non-skeletal grains mainly include peloids, intraclasts, and extraclasts. Depending on detailed microfacies analysis in the current study, five main microfacies and fourteen submicrofacies were discovered. The total of all petrographic, facies and textural investigations indicates that the Avanah Formation in the Haibat Sultan area was deposited in the shallow marine inner platform within subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal environments
"Emotion" in the Russian and English language pictures of the world
Authors: Shagbanova Khabiba Sadyrovna
Published: June 2023

The article describes the functioning of the concepts "emotion" in Russian and English. Emotion as a phenomenon of reality has a multifaceted logical nature, is culturally, lexically and axiologically conditioned. The structure of concepts that can be evaluated as equivalents formalizes the categorization and conceptualization of reality, shows a predisposition to interact with cross-cultural concepts. The existing reality is reflected by a set of nuclear and peripheral meanings of the concept "emotion". The meanings of words illustrate the presence of main and secondary signs, monocentricity and predisposition to the formation of diverse associative connections, which determines the boundaries of semantic variation of the word. In the English language picture of the world, the verbalization of the concept of "emotion" shows signs of a behavior marker, properties of a liquid substance, assessments of cultural life events, a space with a depth characteristic. In the Russian corpus of texts, based on the conducted sampling, the following cases of values were recorded: an attribute of behavior, someone's belonging, an obstacle, a device that can be turned off, an indicator of strong arousal. The author states that the theoretical provisions of the cognitive approach allow us to confidently speak about the correlation of the concept under consideration not only with feelings, but also with reason. In the course of the structural and semantic analysis of the presented constructions, a number of meanings of the polysemantic structure of this formation are revealed in the English-speaking and Russian-speaking semantic space.
Advanced Air Mobility: Systematic Review of Human Factors’ Scientific Publications and Policy
Authors: Vempati Lakshmi , Gawron Valerie J. , Winter Scott R.
Published: June 2023

When new entrants invade an overlooked segment of the market, they can overtake established incumbents by providing innovative technologies or solutions in a small way. These disruptive innovations can grow to be highly lucrative markets in their own right (Bower, J. L., and Clayton, M. C., “Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave,” Harvard Business Review, Vol. 73, No. 1, 1995, pp. 43–53). One such disruptive innovation is advanced air mobility (AAM), which represents the diversity of operations using advanced vehicles with varying levels of autonomy and technologies. These operations will present unique challenges to integration in the National Airspace System. The goal of this research was to conduct a systematic review of AAM-related human factor publications, categorize human factor research areas, delineate issues, and identify gaps where future research can be focused. Findings in the current study identified qualifications, roles, and responsibilities where future research would be crucial to inform policy and standardization of regulations.
High-Order Cut-Cell Discontinuous Galerkin Difference Discretization
Authors: Kaur Sharanjeet , Yan Ge , Hicken Jason E.
Published: June 2023

We present a high-order cut-cell method based on the discontinuous Galerkin difference (DGD) discretization. We leverage the inherent properties of the DGD basis functions to construct a cut-cell discretization that does not require special treatment to mitigate the small-cell problem. The paper describes how the DGD discretization can be constructed from an existing discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization, and we highlight differences between the DG and DGD methods. By performing condition-number studies on one- and two-dimensional model problems, we demonstrate that cut-cell DGD discretization remains well conditioned even when the cut-cell volume is orders of magnitude smaller than neighboring cells. We verify the high-order accuracy of the discretization by solving the two-dimensional steady-state Euler equations.
Composition of soil water in mountain forest landscapes of the Upper Ussuri River and the estimation of export of chemical elements
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia, Kozhevnikova Nadezhda K. , Boldeskulvnikova Anna G. ,   Pacific Geographical Institute of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Russia, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation, Lutsenkoikova Tatyana N. ,   Pacific Geographical Institute of Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Russia, Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation
Published: June 2023

This work provides new data on the concentrations and export of chemical elements with soil waters of various plant communities of slope and valley- fl oodplain landscapes in the basin of upper reaches of the Ussuri River. The data show that the most nutrient-rich waters are formed in humus horizons of soils developed under elm-ash communities of valley- fl oodplain landscapes. More than 80% of the content of these elements are accumulated in the soil profi le and support the functioning of communities. The waters of humus horizons of valley- fl oodplain communities are a potential source of elements entering river waters during periods of maximum precipitation. Soil waters of the mineral horizons of slope under mixed coniferousdeciduous communities are more acidic and transport relatively high amounts of dissolved organic carbon, iron, aluminum and phosphorus.
An analysis of the spatial distribution of geophysical filds in the source region of the 2013 Ilin-Tas (Aby) earthquake
Authors: Kulyandina A. S.
Published: June 2023

This article analyzes the powerful Ilin-Tas earthquake that occurred in the Chersky Range system in the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2013. The mountain system of the Chersky Range system is confied to the Chersky seismotectonic zone, which is part of the Arctic-Asian seismic belt separating the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates in Northeast Asia. The earthquake magnitude at the epicenter was 9.0. Geophysical filds were used as a material to clarify the structural-tectonic features of the study area and their relationship with seismicity. Involving the data on spatial distribution of anomalies of magnetic and gravity filds made it possible to detail the parameters of the position of the Ilin-Tas fault, where the epicentre of the Ilin-Tas earthquake originated. This fault traces between the Indigirka and Kolyma rivers along the border of the junction of the Moma Range with the Indigiro-Zyryansk depression, and is traced by gradient transition zones from negative to positive values of ΔTa and Δg. The main seismic shock is confied to thickening of Δg isoanomalies, forming a gravitational step, within which gravity values decrease from south to north. The epicentral fild of this earthquake with aftershocks captures the western slope of the Andrey-Tas Range (northwestern flnk of the Moma Range). A qualitative analysis of the geophysical filds in the epicentral region of the earthquake is carried out. Materials of instrumental and macroseismic data, focal mechanism and seismotectonic setting of the focal zone are given in the article. The data obtained as a result of studying the Ilin-Tas earthquake consequences allows to reveal local seismic activity in details and specify seismodanger degree of north-east Yakutia.
Integrating МGIS Micromine Origin & Beyond into the educational process at the Geological Prospecting Faculty of the M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Authors: Tretyakova O. G. , Tretyakov M. F. , Tretyakova N. M.
Published: June 2023

Currently, the geological fild places special attention on modern technology and computer programs. The article describes the collaboration between the North-Eastern Federal University and LLC «Micromine Rus» aimed at educating students in modern technologies of the mining and geological industry. The article considers the issues of training geological specialists at the Geological Prospecting Faculty of the North-Eastern Federal University with the direct support of Micromine Rus and integrating Micromine Origin & Beyond software into the educational process. Students engaged in geological modeling in the computer class can visualize and understand the geological characteristics and features of deposits, participate in the student league of the international engineering championship «CASE-IN». This allows graduates to acquire digital competencies essential for successful employment and quick adaptation to the industrial process at mining and geological enterprises.
Features of the formation of the coasts of Chukotka and the Koryak highlands
Authors: Korotaev V. N. , Pomortsev O. A.
Published: June 2023

Long-term expeditionary studies of the Geography Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University of the Arctic coast of Russia (1969 – 2015) have provided extensive material on hydrology, channel morphodynamics and geomorphology of the estuaries of large rivers from the Northern Dvina to the Kolyma. The joint work of the Moscow State University and the M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University made it possible to signifiantly expand the geography of research to the coasts of the Chukchi and Bering Seas. Based on the analysis of geological and geomorphological data and an array of published and archival materials, it was possible to establish patterns and specifi features of coastal and estuarine processes in the fial phase of stabilization of the post-glacial ocean transgression. Over the past 7-5 thousand years, floding of low-lying hilly coastal plains, river valleys and fjords has occurred. The active impact of the wave activity of the sea led to the erosion of the upper part of the underwater slope, the restructuring of its profie and the retreat of accumulative forms towards the land and the creation of modern outlines of the coastline. The sections of the coast extended into the sea, composed by a thickness of loose quaternary sediments, were partially eroded by waves, and sediments were involved in longitudinal and transverse movements, forming braids and embankments, which led to a general alignment of the coastline. Currently, in conditions of rising sea levels, the general trend towards the restructuring of the underwater slope and the coastal zone persists and can be extremely dangerous for coasts composed of strongly icy sandy-loamy alluvial-lacustrine deposits. A further increase in global temperature will signifiantly soften the climate of the Arctic coasts, cause the degradation of permafrost, thawing of underground ice and accelerate the process of retreat of coastal abrasion ledges, the sea edge of river deltas. Taking into account the regional geological and geomorphological features of the coasts of the Chukchi and Bering Seas, it should be expected that a possible rise in sea level will lead to thawing and degradation of permafrost rocks and vein ice.
The development prospects of popular science tourism in Kirov Oblast
Authors: Malykh E. S. , Smetanina A. I.
Published: June 2023

Popular science tourism is a new direction through the understanding of the theoretical concept in Russian and world tourism at the intersection of science and tourism. The relevance of the research: popular science tourism and its directions are reflcted in theoretical and applied publications of domestic and foreign authors. A review of Russian and foreign literature allows us to say with accuracy about the lack of elaboration of the concept of “popular science tourism” not only in Russia, but also around the world [1]. This new direction of tourism will contribute to the economy of the region, will create positive economic and social effcts. A program of youth and student tourism has been launched in Russia, thanks to which young people will be able to travel around the regions of Russia for the purpose of professional development, internships at production facilities, as well as participation in scientifi events and writing scientifi papers. From an early age, schoolchildren can visit industrial enterprises (events, excursions, exhibitions and much more), contributing to science with new projects and ideas. Given the instability of international processes, the economic crisis, and the closure of borders in 2020 associated with the pandemic, the question of which tourism destinations need to be developed and what new product business can offr has become more urgent. The Kirov region has a high tourist potential and a large number of educational resources for the organization of popular science tourism on its territory. The article examines the role of popular science tourism, its impact on the regional economy and the development prospects as a new direction in Russian tourism, which has not received suffient attention until now. Popular science tourism helps young scientists to solve the issue of fiancing scientifi expeditions. The benefi of such a symbiosis of science and travel is that a scientist gets access to the object of his research, and a tourist gets a unique scientifi view of the world, access to the most interesting places on the planet and satisfaction from his personal contribution to science.
Second-harmonic generation provides insight into the screening response of the liquid water interface
Authors: Ray Kamal , Limaye Aditya , Ng Ka Chon , Saha Ankur , Shin Sucheol , Biswas Biswajit , Gaigeot Marie-Pierre , Pezzotti Simone , Willard Adam , Allen Heather
Published: June 2023

We use second harmonic generation (SHG), molecular dynamics simulation, and theoretical modeling to study the response of the neat liquid water-air interface to changes in the potential of an external electrode positioned near the liquid, but out of direct contact. We observe a parabolic dependence of second harmonic intensity on applied potential. Based on standard theory, we associate this dependence with the response of the diffuse layer water molecules to changes in interfacial potential profile. Taking the literature value for this response leads to the unexpected conclusion that the electric fields within the diffuse layer are opposite in sign from those originating from the electrodes. This conclusion implies that the traditional continuum-based models of interfacial screening lack the complexity necessary to properly describe the potential profile of the liquid water-vapor interface. Effects such as overscreening in the topmost interfacial layer and extended correlations in the interfacial hydrogen bonding network may play a role in governing the response of the water interface to external fields.
Evaluating Generalized Feature Importance via Performance Assessment of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Elastic Properties of Materials
Authors: Banik Suvo , Balasubramanian Karthik , Manna Sukriti , Derrible Sybil , Sankaranarayananan Subramanian
Published: June 2023

Identifying key descriptors and understanding important features across different classes of materials are crucial for machine learning (ML) tools to both predict material properties and reveal the physics underlying any process of interest. Traditionally, the predictive modeling of elastic properties of materials is limited to only a few classes of materials and a small set of ML tools despite the broad applications of these materials. Users now have a broad choice of ML models ranging from simple regression models to graph neural networks (GNN) for predicting structure-property relationships. While in recent years, GNNs have outshined traditional ML models in terms of predictability, their intensive data requirement and lack of interpretability may limit practical applicability. Here, we develop a domain-segmented feature space using a diverse set of material attributes and perform a predictive analysis using state-of-the-art ML tools using elastic modulus prediction as a representative example. By deducing a model-independent overall ranking based on feature importance learned by each model, the knowledge is then transferred to GNNs. Our findings indicate a threshold limit on the predictability of traditional ML models, but our approach of transferring task-specific feature importance knowledge to the GNNs can enhance their performance by reducing their data requirement while retaining considerable accuracy.
Enhanced Charge Transfer from Coinage Metal Doped InP Quantum Dots
Authors: Eagle Forrest , Harvey Samantha , Beck Ryan , Li Xiaosong , Gamelin Daniel , Cossairt Brandi
Published: June 2023

This paper describes coinage-metal-doped InP quantum dots (QDs) as a platform for enhanced electron transfer to molecular acceptors relative to undoped QDs. A versatile synthesis strategy is developed to prepare high quality doped InP/ZnSe QDs. First principles DFT calculations show that Ag+ and Cu+ dopants localize photoexcited holes while leaving electrons delocalized. This charge carrier wavefunction modulation is leveraged to enhance electron transfer to molecular acceptors by up to an order of magnitude. Examination of photoluminescence quenching data suggests that larger electron acceptors, such as anthraquinone and methyl viologen, bind to the QD surface in two ways– by direct adsorption to the surface, and by adsorption following displacement of a weakly bound surface cation-ligand complex. Reactions with larger acceptors show the greatest increases in electron transfer between doped and undoped quantum dots, while smaller acceptors show smaller enhancements. Specifically, benzoquinone shows the smallest followed by naphthoquinone, and then methyl viologen and anthraquinone. These results demonstrate the benefits of dopant-induced excited-state carrier localization on photoinduced charge-transfer and highlight design principles for improved implementation of quantum dots in photoredox catalysis.
Spontaneous Unassisted Conversion of CO2 to Multicarbon (≥ C2) Liquid Products on Green Rust Mineral
Authors: Lee Sangyeon , Wang Chenying , Chakrapani Vidhya
Published: June 2023

Efficient low pressure, low temperature electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multicarbon (at least C>2) is a very challenging process due to the involvement of multiple coupled electron and proton transfer steps along with the difficult C-C coupling step between the charged intermediates. Only copper and its alloy show moderate efficiency in converting CO2 to multicarbon gaseous and liquid products but require at least -0.8- -1.0 V overpotentials. Here, we report that green rust, a corrosion product of Fe or steel surfaces formed both naturally and synthetically under anaerobic conditions, is a highly active catalyst capable of reducing CO2 to liquid C2 (ethanol) and C3 (acetone) products both spontaneously (unassisted) and electrocatalytically. A maximum production rate of 2520 μmoles L-1h-1 of C2 and C3 products could be achieved without the application of any external bias, which is 1000 times higher than that reported for other Fe minerals under external bias. Under external bias, GR exhibited a record total faradaic efficiencies (FE) of 60-98% at overpotentials of just 60-290 mV. A maximum ethanol conversion with 95% selectivity and a production rate of 13960 μg L-1h-1 was achieved with the KHCO3 electrolyte at a pH of 9.5 with application of 60 mV overpotential. Under a more acidic pH of 7.3 and an overpotential of 290 mV, the primary conversion product is acetone at a selectivity of 47% along with acetate and formate as the minor additional products (60% total FE). The results reported here represent a new benchmark for the efficient electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to liquid products. The intrinsically high CO2 activity of the green rust mineral may be related to its unusual band structure with an electron affinity of ~3.2 eV, which is the lowest among all commonly known oxides and sulfides in the aqueous electrolyte.
Leveraging QM/MM and Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Decipher the Reaction Mechanism of the Cas9 HNH Domain to Investigate off-Target Effects
Authors: Maghsoud Yazdan , Jayasinghe-Arachchige Vindi M. , Kumari Pratibha , Cisneros G. Andrés , Liu Jin
Published: June 2023

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology is an RNA-guided targeted genome-editing tool using Cas family proteins. Two magnesium-dependent nuclease domains of this enzyme, termed HNH and RuvC, are responsible for cleaving the target DNA (t-DNA) and non-target DNA (nt-DNA) strands, respectively. The HNH domain is believed to determine the DNA cleavage activity of both endonuclease domains and is sensitive to complementary RNA-DNA base pairing. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9, by which it rebukes or accepts mismatches, are poorly understood. Thus, investigation of the structure and dynamics of the catalytic state of Cas9 with either matched or mismatched t-DNA can provide insights for improving its specificity by reducing off-target cleavages. Here, we focus on a recently discovered catalytic-active form of the Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) and employ classical molecular dynamics (MD) and coupled quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations to study two possible mechanisms of t-DNA cleavage reaction catalyzed by the HNH domain. Moreover, by designing a mismatched t-DNA structure called MM5 (C to G in the fifth position from the PAM region), the impact of single-guide RNA (sgRNA) and t-DNA complementarity on the catalysis process was investigated. Based on these simulations, our calculated binding affinities, minimum energy paths, and analysis of catalytically important residues provide atomic-level details of the differences between matched and mismatched cleavage reactions. In addition, several residues exhibit significant differences in their catalytic role for the two studied systems, including K253, K263, R820, K896, and K913.
Can P3S and C3S Monolayers be Used as Anode Materials in Metal-Ion Batteries? An Answer from First-Principles Study
Authors: Chowdhury Somnath , Sarkar Pranab , Gupta Bikash Chandra
Published: June 2023

With the urgent need for efficient energy storage devices, enormous attention has been paid to researching and developing promising anode materials for metal-ion batteries. Through density functional study, we have successfully predicted the electrochemical performance of the P3S and C3S monolayers for the first time, which could be used in alkali metal (Li, Na, and K)-ion batteries. Our study examines the pristine monolayers’ energetical, dynamical, and thermal stability. The electronic structures of the pristine nanosheets exhibit wide-gap semiconductors. After single metalation on the monolayers, the composite systems become metallic. Charge density difference (CDD) analysis indicates that charge transfer occurs from the alkali metal atoms to the P3S and C3S monolayers, and Bader charge analysis quantifies the amount of charge transfer. We have analyzed how readily a single adatom diffuses within the 2D structures. One example is the diffusion of K on C3S, which has a low barrier value of 0.06 eV and seems practically barrierless. Furthermore, our predicted composite systems report considerable theoretical storage capacity (C); for example, hexalayer K-adsorbed C3S shows a storage capacity of 1182.79 mA h g−1. The estimated open-circuit voltage (OCV) values imply that the C3S monolayer is promising anode material for Li-, Na-, and K-ion batteries, while the P3S monolayer is suitable as cathode material for Li-, Na-, and K-ion batteries.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shift as Probe for Single-Molecule Charge Transport
Authors: Qiao Xiaohang , Sil Amit , Sangtarash Sara , Smith Shaun , Wu Chuanli , Robertson Craig , Nichols Richard , Higgins Simon , Sadeghi Hatef , Vezzoli Andrea
Published: June 2023

Existing predictive models for molecular electronics, designed to aid the design of efficient molecular wires and to better understand their charge-transport behaviour and mechanism, have limitations in either accuracy or computational cost that impede their widespread use. Further research is required to develop faster and precise methods for quantitatively predicting the charge-transport efficiency of molecular wires. In this study, a clear semilogarithmic correlation between charge transport efficiency and chemical shift of diagnostic protons, as determined by NMR spectroscopy, is demonstrated in multiple series of molecular wires, also accounting for the presence of chemical substituents. The NMR data was used (i) to inform an analytical model that accurately captures the experimental single-molecule conductance values and (ii) to make experimentally validated predictions on charge-transport efficiency. Our study demonstrates the potential of NMR spectroscopy as a valuable tool for characterizing and predicting the electronic transport properties of single-molecule junctions.
Transducing compressive forces into cellular outputs in cancer and beyond
Authors: Schmitter Céline , Di-Luoffo Mickaël , Guillermet-Guibert Julie
Published: June 2023

In living organisms, cells sense mechanical forces (shearing, tensile, and compressive) and respond to those physical cues through a process called mechanotransduction. This process includes the simultaneous activation of biochemical signaling pathways. Recent studies mostly on human cells revealed that compressive forces selectively modulate a wide range of cell behavior, both in compressed and in neighboring less compressed cells. Besides participating in tissue homeostasis such as bone healing, compression is also involved in pathologies, including intervertebral disc degeneration or solid cancers. In this review, we will summarize the current scattered knowledge of compression-induced cell signaling pathways and their subsequent cellular outputs, both in physiological and pathological conditions, such as solid cancers.
Student Self-Assessments and Personal Reflections after Taking a Family Life Education Methodology Course
Authors: Hamon Raeann R. , Jones Rachel R.
Published: June 2023

The senior-level capstone course, HDFS 442 Strategies of Family Life Education, in the Human Development and Family Science (HDFS) major at a small, private university in the Mid-Atlantic region meets the National Council on Family Relations’ family life education methodology content area for this Certified Family Life Educator-approved program. It also serves as the writing-intensive capstone course in the HDFS major. In addition to providing the details of the course, description, objectives, and assignments, the authors share feedback gleaned from student process papers collected at the end of the semester. Specifically, we highlight undergraduate students’ reflections on the impact of the course on revelations about themselves and their role as family life educators.
ALTERNATE FUEL BIODIESEL
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of  Mechanical Engineering SriSairam College of Engineering Bangalore, India, Rajan Pandiya , samad Abdul , E N Nivas , . Keerthana , Divya shree Ragi
Published: June 2023

The rapid growth of industrialization and transportation has led to a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. To mitigate these challenges, there is an urgent need for sustainable energy solutions that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and minimize environmental impact. Bio-diesel, a renewable and cleaner-burning fuel derived from organic sources, has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional petroleum-based diesel. This abstract provides an overview of bio-diesel, its production process, properties, and its environmental benefits. Bio-diesel is typically produced from feedstocks such as vegetable oils, animal fats, and waste cooking oils through a transesterification process that converts triglycerides into esters. The resulting bio-diesel exhibits similar properties to petroleum diesel, making it compatible with existing diesel engines and infrastructure. One of the significant advantages of bio-diesel is its reduced carbon footprint. It has a significantly lower lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions compared to petroleum diesel, primarily due to the absorption of carbon dioxide during the growth of the feedstock plants. Bio-diesel also contributes to a reduction in air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides and particulate matter, resulting in improved air quality and human health benefits. Additionally, bio-diesel offers economic benefits by promoting local agriculture and creating new job opportunities in the biofuel industry. The utilization of waste cooking oils and animal fats as feedstocks also contributes to waste reduction and efficient resource utilization. Despite its numerous benefits, challenges remain in the widespread adoption of bio-diesel. These challenges include feedstock availability, land use competition with food production, and the need for consistent quality standards. Ongoing research and development efforts are focused on optimizing the production process, exploring alternative feedstocks, and improving the overall sustainability of bio-diesel production. In conclusion, bio-diesel holds great potential as a sustainable alternative to petroleum diesel, offering environmental, economic, and societal benefits. Its reduced carbon footprint and compatibility with existing infrastructure make it a viable option for transitioning towards a greener future. Further advancements in technology and policies supporting bio-diesel production and utilization will play a crucial role in realizing its full potential and achieving a more sustainable energy landscape
Features of applying safeguards to Optimized Floating Power Unit spent nuclear fuel handling
Authors: Dushev S. A. , Shmelev I. V. , Gorbunov P. A. , Salnikova N. A. , Abrosimov A. D. , Malev V. V. , Tagirova T. A.
Published: June 2023

After the Floating Power Unit Akademik Lomonosov with the KLT-40S reactor plant had been successfully commissioned, the next step for ROSATOM was to develop optimized floating power units (OFPU). OFPUs powered by the RITM reactor plant are an export-oriented product, and they designed to operate on sites outside Russia. OFPU engineering solutions are based upon the practical design and operation experience in nuclear-powered icebreakers and upon problem solving to assure safety for operation of nuclear plants under severe northern conditions. At the nuclear fuel enrichment lower than 20%, the refueling interval for the OFPU may be up to 10 years depending on Loadings. The RITM reactor refueling process has a number of differences compared to the refueling process of other nuclear power plants fitted with water-cooled water-moderated power reactors. RITM plants have never been placed under the IAEA Safeguards, and capabilities and features of applying the IAEA Safeguards to such plants require an additional analysis. The developed operation model assumes that the OFPU be operated on a deployment site for a long period, and all fuel handling operations will be done at a specialized facility in the Russian Federation (RF). This paper is discussing the major fuel handling features in the life cycle of the OFPU fitted with RITM-200M—these are the critical features in terms of the IAEA Safeguards. Also, the paper is providing the designers’ perspective on solving the key non-proliferation problems through adapting the Safeguards approaches with account of the OFPU technical features.