bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urban Ground Subsidence Monitoring and Prediction Using Time-Series InSAR and Machine Learning Approaches: A Case Study of Tianjin, China
Authors: Zhang Jinlai , Kou Pinglang , tao yuxiang , Jin Zhao , Huang Yijian , Cui Jinhu , Liang Wenli , Liu Rui
Published: May 2024

Urban ground subsidence, a major geo-hazard threatening sustainable urban development, has been increasingly reported worldwide, yet comprehensive investigations integrating multi-temporal ground deformation monitoring and predictive modeling are still lacking. This study aims to characterize the spatial-temporal evolution of ground subsidence in Tianjin's Jinnan District from 2016 to 2023 using 193 Sentinel-1A ascending images and the advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) techniques of SBAS-InSAR and PS-InSAR. The maximum cumulative subsidence reached − 326.92 mm, with an average subsidence rate of -0.39 mm/year concentrated in industrial, commercial, and residential areas with high population density. Further analysis revealed that subway construction, human engineering activities, and rainfall were the primary drivers of ground subsidence in this region. Simultaneously, this study compared the predictive capabilities of five machine learning methods, including Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extremely Randomized Tree, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network, for future ground subsidence. The LSTM-based prediction model exhibited the highest accuracy, with a root mean square error of 2.11 mm. Subdomain predictions generally outperformed the overall prediction, highlighting the benefits of reducing spatial heterogeneity. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms and patterns of urban ground subsidence, facilitating sustainable urban planning and infrastructure development.
New findings on the unique curvature region in the posterior eye using widefield OCT
Authors: Hiraoka Takahiro , Tamura Masato , Moriguchi Yoshikiyo , Kuji Riku , Mino Toshihiro , Akiba Masahiro , Takahashi Yosuke , Yoshino Kenichi , Sugiura Yoshimi , Mihashi Toshifumi , Oshika Tetsuro
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to explore the curvature distribution in the posterior eye among school-aged children using distortion-corrected optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and its relationship with biometric variables and choroidal vascular parameters. We conducted a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study involving 88 children aged 6 to 15 years. After comprehensive ocular examinations, widefield OCT volumes with a 68×68 degrees were captured utilizing a high-speed, wide-field SS-OCT prototype system. The distortion of the captured OCT volume was geometricallycorrected, and Gaussian curvature maps were derived from Bruch’s membrane segmentation lines. The mean curvature was assessed across four square regions of 19×19 degrees each, where axial length (AL), refractive error, age, and choroidal thickness (ChT) were statistically analyzed. Additionally, the entry site of the long posterior ciliary artery (LPCA) into the choroid were assessed from the same OCT volume.
Analysis of 169 OCT images demonstrated bilateral symmetry in choroidal vascular patterns and posterior eye curvature. Mean curvature exhibited asignificant correlation with AL, refractive error, and ChT in the superior, macular, and inferior regions. Conversely, the temporal region showed a weak negative correlation. Notably, a local maximum curvature point was commonly observed in the temporal region for the first time in this study, suggesting a potential reversal of correlation in this area. The rationale for this observation remains unclear; however, the proximity of the local maximum curvature point to the long posterior ciliary artery (LPCA) entry site may suggest a link. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the origins and implications of these findingsfor ocular development.
Development of Ir-cR8-albumin nanomedicine toward the interventional treatment of liver cancer
Authors: Sun Xingwei , Chang Shiwei , Wang Di , Yin Liang , Zhang Hao , Ji Shuangshuang , Fei Hao , Jin Yong
Published: May 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most challenging malignancies with high incidence and mortality rates in the world. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-guided hepatic arterial infusion of the standard chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin has the advantages of both precision and efficacy, making it an important therapeutic strategy for advanced-stage liver cancer. However, patients undergoing this treatment still face severe systemic toxicity and poor tolerability of oxaliplatin. In this study, we compared oxaliplatin with a novel albumin nanoparticle-formulated oncolytic peptide Ir-cR8 (Ir-cR8-BSA-NP) in the treatment of orthotropic liver cancers in a mouse model by intravenous injection and in a rabbit model by DSA-guided hepatic arterial infusion. The oncolytic peptide Ir-cR8, containing a cationic octa-arginine ring and a hydrophobic domain, was found to interact with bovine serum albumin and further assemble into spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 150 nm. Such albumin opsonisation significantly increases the stability of the peptide and reduces its haemolytic toxicity. In vivo experiments in mice showed that intravenous administration of Ir-cR8-BSA-NP had excellent inhibitory effects on H22 orthotopic liver tumours and reduced toxicity in the animals than oxaliplatin. Furthermore, in the rabbit VX2 orthotopic liver cancer model, oxaliplatin or Ir-cR8-BSA-NP was administered by hepatic artery infusion under DSA guidance, followed by PET/CT assessment of treatment efficacy. The results showed that Ir-cR8-BSA-NP significantly outperformed oxaliplatin in reducing tumour size. Thus, this study demonstrated the combined advantages of a novel membrane-active oncolytic peptide nanomedicine and precise drug delivery enabled by arterial infusion technology for the interventional treatment of liver cancer.
Causal association between atorvastatin use and erectile dysfunction in European population: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jin Xiaodong , Jin Xiaodong , Wu Junhui , Wu Junhui , Li Jiali , Li Jiali , Ma Wenjing , Ma Wenjing , Jiang Nan , Jiang Nan , Yan Jiasheng , Yan Jiasheng , Tai Shengcheng , Tai Shengcheng , Wang Junlong , Wang Junlong
Published: May 2024

Atorvastatin, a common cardiovascular drug, lowers cholesterol but its link to erectile dysfunction (ED) risk is unclear. This study uses a two-sample MR approach to clarify this. This study used three GWAS datasets: one for atorvastatin use (13851 cases, 449082 controls), and two for ED in Europeans (6175 cases, 217630 controls; 357 cases, 208451 controls). Two MR analyses assessed atorvastatin as exposure and ED as outcome, using IVW, MR Egger et al.. Meta-analysis improved result reliability. MR-Presso global test and MR-Egger assessed pleiotropy, while co-localization analyzed shared genetic factors. One set of MR analysis results did not find evidence supporting a causal relationship between the two variables. However, the IVW results from another set (OR = 1.992, 95% CI = 1.138 ~ 3.489, P = 0.016) and the final meta-analysis (P = 0.010) both indicated a potential association between atorvastatin use and ED. Sensitivity analysis did not detect pleiotropy or heterogeneity, and leave-one-out analysis showed no significant influence from instrumental variables. Additionally, co-localization analysis revealed no shared genetic factors between atorvastatin use and ED, suggesting a direct impact of exposure on the outcome. This study's results show a potential link between atorvastatin use and ED, suggesting increased ED risk for users.
Radiotherapy Improves Stress Urinary Incontinence but Impairs Pelvic Floor Function in Endometrial Cancer Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: erkılınç selçuk , Çakır Ilker , Karataşlı Volkan , Can Behzat , Ata Can , Avşar Aytuğ , Solmaz Ulaş , Sancı Muzaffer , Bildacı Tevfik Berk
Published: May 2024

Purpose
Investigating the Impact of Radiotherapy on Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Endometrial Cancer Patients
Method
A comparative study was conducted between endometrial cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy and those who did not receive adjuvant therapy. Patients were assessed during their first follow-up visit at third month post-radiotherapy or post-surgery. Demographic data and physical examinations were conducted, along with the administration of validated questionnaires. Turkish validated Incontinence Severity Index (ISI), Incontinence Impact Questionairre-7 (IIQ-7) and 20 ıtem Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Index (PFDI-20) were applied to the all patients.
Results
The study comprised 37 patients in the non-radiotherapy group and 41 patients in the radiotherapy group. Comparable demographics were observed between the two groups. Vaginal length was notably longer in the non-radiotherapy group, and the Q tip test angle was significantly greater in this group. A higher incidence of stress urinary incontinence and higher scores on the Incontinence Severity Index were noted in the non-radiotherapy group. Conversely, the radiotherapy group exhibited significantly higher scores on the Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Index components and total score. Urogenital Distress Inventory scores were similar between the groups.
Conclusion
Radiotherapy showed mixed effects on pelvic floor function in endometrial cancer patients. While it potentially improved stress urinary incontinence, it was associated with unfavorable outcomes in overall pelvic floor dysfunction.
The Function of HDAC6 Mediated Prx2 Acetylation in Neuronal Apoptosis Related Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Hu Jinxia , Zhang Tao , Gao Huimin , Wu Xingrui , Zhang Conghui , Zhang Cheng , Chen Hao , Yang Minggang , Cao Xichuan , Cui Guiyun , Xiang Jie
Published: May 2024

The role of histone deacetylases 6 (HDAC6) in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been extensively studied. Inhibiting and reducing HDAC6 expression has been found to improve cognitive function in AD mice models. Peroxidase 2 (Prx2), an antioxidant enzyme and substrate of HDAC6, is known to provide protection against oxidative stress-induced cell death. This study aims to investigate the effect of the HDAC6-Prx2 signaling pathway on cognitive function and neuronal apoptosis in AD models both in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that the HDAC6-Prx2 association can reduce neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and thereby improve learning and memory function in AD mice models. Reduction in HDAC6 levels enhances the acetylated level of Prx2, leading to an increase in its antioxidant capacity. Additionally, acetylated Prx2-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is closely linked to neuronal apoptosis. By increasing the acetylation levels of Prx2, ROS levels can be reduced, thereby reducing neuronal apoptosis due to HDAC6 inhibition. Our findings suggest that reduced acetylation levels of Prx2, regulated by HDAC6, may contribute to the neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairments observed in AD. Therefore, reducing HDAC6 and enhancing the Prx2 acetylation level may be an effective treatment strategy for ameliorating cognitive function in AD mice models.
Metabolic syndrome prediction models using only lifestyle information based on nationwide survey data
Authors: Yu Seunghyeon , Lee Haeun , Yune Ilha , Jung Se Young , Hwang Hyungju
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly prevalent worldwide and under-addressed, with emerging interest in using mobile technology for health management. Effective interventions hinge on reliable prediction models. Objectives: This study aims to develop an algorithm to estimate MetS risk using only lifestyle factors and assess its impact on patient screening and quality of life enhancement. Methods: Utilizing data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2018), we trained three non-invasive classifier models—artificial neural network (ANN), XGBoost, and LightGBM—for binary classification. We evaluated model performance using sensitivity, specificity, AUROC, and AUPRC metrics and explored quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) improvements. Results: Machine learning models demonstrated superiority over traditional logistic regression, with LightGBM achieving the highest AUROC and accuracy (AUROC 0.84; accuracy 0.74). Decision curve analysis highlighted significant differences in external datasets. MetS severity was strongly associated with QALYs (p < 0.0001), predicting substantial QALY gains across MetS categories. Conclusion: The developed model enhances MetS risk assessment accuracy and underscores the importance of incorporating gender-specific factors in predictive models.
A clinical study on pregnant women with anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB antibodies in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxin , Kou Xi , Zhou Renyi , Yu Daier , Zhao Aimin
Published: May 2024

Backgroud: To investigate the relevance of anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB antibodies to pregnancy in Chinese patients.
Methods: This retrospective study proceeded at Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai, China, from January 2018 to December 2020. 476 patients with anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB antibodies and 100 healthy donors were enrolled. The studying groups are divided into 5 subgroups: Ro 52 group, Ro 60 group, Ro 52 + Ro 60 group, SSB group, and SSA+ SSB group. The distribution characteristics of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies as well as the relevance of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies to adverse pregnancy history were recorded.
Results: There was no significant difference in age and BMI between the study groups and the control group, p＞0.05. Among 476 patients, 469 (98.5%) were anti-SSA antibody-positive including Ro 52 positive 20.4% (97/476), Ro 60 positive 34.9% (166/476), Ro 52+Ro 60 29.8% (142/476). 7 were anti-SSB antibody positive (1.5%). Both anti-SSA and anti-SSB positive was 13.4% (64/476). The most common adverse pregnancy history in the study groups was intrauterine death (>20 gw). Previous CHB all occurred in SSA + SSB group. SS is the most common diagnosis of anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB antibodies-positive patients; The rate of therapeutic abortion and preterm birth was higher than in the control group, while the gestational week of delivery and neonatal weight was significantly lower than the control group, p＜0.05.
Conclusion: Anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB antibodies increase the risks of obstetric complications and poor outcomes of pregnancy.
Context Aware Workflow for Modern Machines and It’s Environmental Safety With Aiot
Authors: Karthikeyan P , Geetha S , Shanmugam M , Vengadanathan M
Published: May 2024

Context-aware is a system or technology that is able to understand and respond to the current situation or environment. The current problem lies in the excessive absorption of productive resources, which has a negative impact on all productive processes. Such strong suction can damage the internal parts of the machine and reduce the quality of the final product. The production process affects the input properties of the material, which affects the damage to the internal components of the machine. As a result, the quality of manufactured products decreases due to damage caused by users. Industrial machinery breaks its internal components due to the strong absorption of manufacturing materials. In the field of industrial machines, it is important to solve problems due to the high energy of materials, production failures, internal damage, and lack of quality. To correct the damage to the internal components of industrial machines, it is important to focus on the use of high-performance components. The use of durable and strong materials greatly reduces the risk of damage to internal components. In general, by investing in advanced technologies, optimizing production processes, and focusing on the use of high-quality components, it is possible to recover from the problems caused by high-quality materials and avoid the operation of industrial machines, internal damage, and a lack of quality.
Combined Geophysical and Soil Test Analysis Methods for Soil Precision Mapping in The Delta State University CES Farm Abraka Nigeria
Authors: Ofomola Merrious Oviri , Abriku Ezekiel Onoriode , Utieyin Bright Saturday , Otheremu Precious Okeoghene , Anomohanran Ochuko
Published: May 2024

Geophysical methods and soil test analysis have been used to study soil properties in the farm of the Centre for Entrepreneurial Studies (CES), Delta State University Abraka Nigeria. Vertical electrical sounding (VES), borehole geophysics, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and geochemical methods were used for the study. Seven VES stations were occupied along five traverses used for ERT measurements. Samples of soil close to the VES stations were taken for soil testing and study of grain size to corroborate the results of VES and ERT. The low resistivity of the topsoil obtained from the VES agrees with the ERT and borehole log results and this ranges from fine grained silt topsoil to sandy clay. This is a product of partial decomposition of plants and animals forming organic matter, and ranges from 168–790 Ωm with mean value of 494 Ωm and average depth of 2.3 m. This depth covers the upper root region of some important crop and depict a high amount of moisture and mineral nutrients, and a fair degree of stoniness to aid adequate rooting of the crops. Also, the observed topsoil is high in porosity and water retention which are major suitable factors for the yield of tuber and stem plants. The soil test results gave pH: 6.13–7.16, organic matter: 6.48–8.66%, Nitrogen: 65.72–78.21%, Phosphorus: 53.32–67.43%, Copper: 14.16–22.61 mg/kg, Nickel: 1.16–3.11 mg/kg, Lead: 4.00-8.84 mg/kg, Arsenic: 0.08–0.1 mg/kg Iron: 96.33-151.63 mg/kg. These recorded concentrations are below the WHO standard for crop production.
A simulation-based analysis for the road freighttransport decarbonization: A case study of Colombia
Authors: Gil Cristiam , Rey-Ladino Andres , Wilmsmeier Gordon , Montes Ana Maria , Demir Emrah , Sanchez-Rodrigues Vasco , abouarghoub Wessam
Published: May 2024

This study introduces a simulation-based analysis of the decarbonization options for the road freight transport sector. It focuses on exploring the impact of operational and management measures on fleet renewal strategies aimed at achieving net zero goals by 2050. The proposed approach integrates current and planned future policy changes, operational practices, and technology renewal into the modeling process to offer a macro-level perspective on the decarbonization challenge. Specifically, the proposed modeling approach takes into account the reduction of empty trips, the optimization of cargo consolidation, and the promotion of eco-driving practices based on national freight transport data (i.e., covering more than 7.99 million trips). The proposed approach examines the effect of introducing contemporary vehicle technologies, such as new diesel vehicles (EURO VI or higher), new natural gas vehicles (EURO VI or higher), electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles, as feasible replacements for aging vehicles powered by conventional fossil fuels. The adoption of these cleaner and newer technologies demonstrates the potential for emissions reductions of up to 13% (2,070,000 tons CO2e) by 2030 and 47% (13,232,000 tons CO2e) by 2050. In addition, the results obtained from this research can serve as an exemplary case study for other emerging economies.
Risk Assessment of As, Cd, Cr, and Pb via the Consumption of Seafood in Haikou
Authors: Lin Huimin , Luo Xinru , Yu De’e , He Changhua , Cao Wenting , He Limin , Liang Zhennuan , Zhou Jing , Fang Guihong
Published: May 2024

In order to mitigate the risk of excessive heavy metal intake, a study was conducted to assess the levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) contamination in 23 edible seafood species obtained from markets in Haikou. The findings were analyzed to evaluate the potential health hazards posed to the local population through consumption. The metals were detected via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for quantification. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks in humans were assessed via target hazard quotient (THQ), combined target hazard quotient (CTHQ), and target cancer risk (TR). The results indicated that the rank order based on the median metal concentration was As > Cd > Cr > Pb. THQ and CTHQ showed that nine seafood species posed a non-carcinogenic risk regarding from As and Cd consumption separately, or the four targeted metals ingestion together. TR assessment indicated that the inorganic arsenic (InAs) in all the species presented a carcinogenic risk to coastal residents. The Cd content in bivalves, algae, and several crustacean(Mantis Shrimp, Orchid Crab, Redspot Swimming Crab) and fish species(Japanese Scad, Pacific Saury), and Cr levels in most bivalve species(Razor Clams,White Clams, Fan Shells, Oysters, Blood Clams) presented a carcinogenic risk. The As, Cd, Pb, and Cr levels of seafood in Haikou were assessed species presented a potential health risk. Necessitating stricter risk should be management and detection capability and monitoring will be improved.
Classification of Phonocardiogram Signals Using the Wavelet Scattering Transform and Equilibrium Optimization Approach
Authors: Ismael Mustafa R. , Abd Haider J. , Homod Raad Z.
Published: May 2024

Heartbeat sounds serve as biological signals that aid in the early identification of cardiovascular conditions. Phonocardiograms (PCG), which are recordings of digital heartbeat sounds, are employed for the identification and automated categorization of potential heart ailments. This research presents a technique for categorizing heart sounds by combining WST (Wavelet Scattering Transform) & EO (Equilibrium Optimization). The signal of cardiac sound can be divided into 2 main kinds, abnormal & normal, concerning the signal of PCG. This work analyzes the characteristics of the phonocardiogram signal and subsequently employs machine learning methods to classify these features. During the feature-extracting process, we employed wavelet scattering in conjunction with the equilibrium optimizer method. We utilized the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier for the purposes of learning and categorization. The experiments aimed to assess the impact of the optimization technique on the algorithm's performance, demonstrating its effectiveness. The findings revealed that our method achieved an accuracy of 99.5% when applied to the PCG dataset in distinguishing abnormal heart sounds from normal ones, surpassing the performance of all previous methods.
Rapid growth of acquired UBA1 mutations predisposes male patients to low-risk MDS
Authors: Li Peng , Fnu Alnoor , Xie Wei , Williams Margaret , Feusier Julie Feusier , Ding Yi , Zhao Xiangrong , Zheng Gang , Zhao Chen , Zieski Arthur , Zu Youli , Raess Philipp , Tantravahi Srinivas , Osman Afaf , Patel Ami , Tashi Tsewang , Patel Jay , Matynia Anna , Menon Madhu , Miles Rodney , Jacobsen Jeffrey , George Tracy , Sborov Douglas , Szankasi Philippe , Rindler Paul , Close Devin , Ohgami Robert
Published: May 2024

VEXAS (vacuoles, E1-ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome is a recently described autoinflammatory disorder caused by acquired UBA1 mutations in hematopoietic precursor cells. The prevalence, clinical significance, and genomic landscape of UBA1variants in patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) remains unexplored. We analyzed the genomic profiles of 86 patients carrying 17 different UBA1variants amongst an unbiased cohort of 8,976 HM patients. Specific genetic and clinical features seen more frequently in patients with UBA1 pathogenic variants (PV) versus those with variants of uncertain significance (VUS) included: marked male predominance (98% versus 80%, P=0.002), macrocytic anemia (MCV 105 ± 1.4 fl versus 96 ± 1.4 fl, p=0.01), frequent dominant clones without concurrent somatic variants (53% versus 15%, p=0.004), and association with molecularly distinct low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; 13%) with superior overall survival (OS). Interestingly, while the genetic profiles of UBA1 PV patients resemble patients with clonal cytopenia of unknown significance (CCUS), rapid UBA1 clonal expansion predispose patients to convert to low-grade MDS with a notably hastened progression compared to UBA1 wild-type CCUS. This “clone surge to clinical stability” (CS) is a mechanism that emphasizes the unique pathobiology of UBA1mutations in VEXAS and supports it as a distinct entity.
Using continuous soil and plant water status sensors calibrated against stem water potential for irrigation scheduling – nectarine as a test case
Authors: Nevo Eyal , Rotbart Nativ , Slutsky Alexander , Wallach Rony , Gal Yoni , Naor Amos , Cohen Shabtai
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the use of on-site calibrated soil and plant based sensors for irrigation control in a nectarine (Prunus persica), orchard on heavy clay soil. Irrigation was applied according to predetermined mid-day stem water potential (SWP) thresholds for each of the three phenological stages of fruit development. Calibration of sensors relative to SWP was done in a drying and wetting plot in a separate part of the orchard. Irrigation was withheld in that plot for several periods of time during two seasons, allowing SWP of six nectarine trees to reach values of moderate water stress. The readings of continuous tensiometers, soil volumetric water content sensors and dendrometers were regressed on those of SWP at that time. Water stress thresholds were then calculated from the regressions and subsequently used for irrigation scheduling. The irrigation aimed to keep non-limiting conditions in stages Ⅰ and Ⅲ by keeping SWP at ~-0.9 MPa, and moderate water stress in stage Ⅱ by keeping SWP at ~-1.5 MPa. Adjustments were made weekly in five treatment plots for each sensor type, according to the thresholds. Results showed that tensiometers could be used for stages Ⅰ and Ⅲ, as they were highly sensitive to small changes in soil wetness. However, when stress was applied soil water tension exceeded the range of the tensiometer sensors at 30 cm depth.
Marine debris spectroradiometric analyses: an indoor laboratory experiment to drive future standard protocols
Authors: Corbari Laura , Minacapilli Mario , Ciraolo Giuseppe , Capodici Fulvio
Published: May 2024

Marine pollution is a growing global issue, impacting both marine ecosystem and human health. High quantities of debris, mainly composed by plastic items, have been identified both in the coastal area and in the sea environment. The difficulties to perform intensive in situ monitoring campaigns, especially in remote areas, could be overcome by the application of remote sensing techniques which can be effectively driven if the spectral signatures of the marine debris are known.
In this framework, harvested marine debris (plastic items especially) were collected from two sandy beaches and were spectrally characterized by implementing two indoor laboratory experiments. Due to lack of a scientific protocol concerning the spectral data acquisition, two illumination conditions were tested. The data acquired, employing the two setups, were compared and the spectral angle mapper index (evaluated among each sample and sand) allowed evaluating the influences of the illumination conditions on the possible outdoor detection using remote sensors. Outcomes evidenced that for around 20% of the samples, the setup played a role in the detection of the harvested debris. For the majority of the samples green, blue, red-edge and some infrared bands are suitable for the detection with the WorldView-3 resulting the more promising nowadays operating satellite platform.
Robust State Agreement in Switching Networks of Nonlinear Agents with Measurement Disturbances and Communication Delays
Authors: Wang Zhanxiu , Jin Zhenghong , Xu Jingwei , Bao Adiya , Li Hua
Published: May 2024

This paper deals with a class of nonlinear multi-agent system with communication delays and measurement disturbances under directed switching topologies. Based on the comparison principle and input-to-state stability (ISS), a novel methodology is provided to ensure that the robust state agreement problem can be solved in a fully distributed manner. With the union of the interconnection digraphs satisfying a mild connectivity assumption, we show that the global result for robust state agreement is obtained if the interaction functions are sector bounded and radially unbounded. If the condition on the interaction functions is relaxed, a local result for robust state agreement is developed. In addition, an asymptotic state agreement result is also proposed for the special case of multi-agent system with only communication delays. The effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results is validated by some numerical examples.
Burden and Disparities of Digestive Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ta’ani Omar Al , Al-Ajlouni Yazan , Tanashat Mohammad , Njei Basile
Published: May 2024

Introduction Digestive diseases (DD), such as cirrhosis, upper digestive diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and pancreatitis, present a significant public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The prevalence and impact of these conditions vary widely, highlighting the challenges in managing DD within diverse health systems and sociocultural contexts. Despite their severe impact on morbidity and mortality, they have not garnered as much attention as diseases like HIV/AIDS or malaria. This study utilizes the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) dataset to provide a comprehensive epidemiological overview of DD in SSA, aiming to address gaps in current research and inform effective health policies and interventions.Methods Our study utilized data from the GBD dataset spanning 1990 to 2019, which offers extensive data on mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries. We analyzed trends in the prevalence, deaths, and DALYs of DD, calculating percentage changes and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in age-standardized rates. Linear regression was employed to compute EAPCs, while Pearson correlation analyses were used to assess the relationships between EAPCs and socio-demographic indices.Results Our study documented a marked increase in total cases of digestive diseases from 1990 to 2019, with prevalence rising by 95.7% for males and 103.5% for females. However, age-standardized prevalence rates per 100,000 individuals declined by 6.9% for males and 7.2% for females. Age-standardized DALY rates for all digestive diseases decreased by 23.7%, and age-standardized death rates reduced by 20.6% for males and 22.1% for females. Specific conditions, such as cirrhosis, experienced significant declines in both DALY and death rates, with reductions of 25.9% and 30.7% for DALYs and 25.6% and 27.6% for death rates in males and females, respectively. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the EAPCs of DALYs and the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) effective coverage index, with Pearson's r of -0.38 (p-value: 0.008).Conclusion Our study identified significant shifts in the prevalence of digestive diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa, with declines in conditions like cirrhosis and rises in inflammatory bowel disease, influenced by risk factors such as high BMI and drug use. These insights underscore the urgent need for tailored health policies and interventions that address both decreasing and newly emerging health challenges, enhancing public health strategies and ultimately improving health outcomes in the region.
Variation in isotretinoin use for acne in an integrated health system: an ecological study
Authors: Vanchinathan Veena , Hartmann Michael , Contreras Noah , Avins Andrew , Lieberman Amara
Published: May 2024

Isotretinoin is highly effective for treating severe nodulocystic acne but is associated with serious adverse effects and complexity in its use. Understanding variation in isotretinoin prescribing patterns is limited. We conducted a cross-sectional ecological study to measure variation in and predictors of isotretinoin prescription rates within a large integrated health system in Northern California. Patients aged 13–40 years old with ≥ 2 visits with an acne diagnosis from 2016–2020 were identified. Individual patient-level data were aggregated at the level of 15 administrative “service areas” for analysis. We examined 20 candidate predictors potentially associated with isotretinoin prescription rates. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with acne who received ≥ 1 prescription for isotretinoin during the study period. Analyses showed that rates of isotretinoin prescription varied from 7.7% in the lowest-prescribing service area to 17.3% in the highest-prescribing area (RR = 2.2, 95%Confidence Interval: 2.0-2.6). Three candidate predictors were found to be independently and statistically significantly associated with higher isotretinoin prescription rates: a shorter elapsed time between the index date and the first isotretinoin prescription (beta=-0.07, p < 0.006), a higher rate of prior oral antibiotic prescriptions (beta = 0.40, p < 0.004), and a higher percentage of patients whose initial isotretinoin prescription was written by advanced practice practitioners (beta = 0.36, p = 0.05). In sum, we found large variation in rates of isotretinoin prescription among the healthcare system's 15 service areas. Three predictor variables were independently and significantly associated with isotretinoin prescriptions and provide potentially actionable information that may help improve appropriateness and consistency in providing this effective but potentially burdensome therapy.
Bioinformatic identification of Endemic Coronaviruses’ epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated in Kenya
Authors: Mbogori Elius , Musyoki Stanslaus , Biegon Richard , Patel Kirtika
Published: May 2024

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 genome regions with similarity to epitopes for endemic coronaviruses is crucial for understanding cross-immunity and designing broad-spectrum vaccines. Research has highlighted that several epitopes exhibit homology or cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and various endemic coronaviruses. To identify these shared epitopes, annotated proteins from SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya were aligned with Epitopes for four endemic coronaviruses using BlastP. Additionally, the overlapping epitopes were aligned with SARS-CoV-2 immunodominant epitopes. 321 epitopes from HCoV-OC43, 206 epitopes from HCoV-HKU1, 136 epitopes from HCoV-NL63, and 182 epitopes from HCoV-229E exhibited similarities with regions on SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Of these, ten HCoV-OC43 epitopes; thirteen HCoV-HKU1 epitopes; one HCoV-NL63 epitope; and three HCoV-229E spike epitopes exhibited similarity with the SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Seven immunodominant epitopes had notable similarities with the epitopes from endemic coronaviruses. This discovery holds great importance as it implies the existence of potential cross-reactivity and shared immune responses among these coronaviruses, thereby potentially impacting the comprehension of immunity and the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
Blow-up result for a weakly coupled system of wave equations with a scale-invariant damping, mass term and time derivative nonlinearity
Authors: Hassen Mohamed Fahmi Ben , Hamouda Makram , Hamza Mohamed Ali
Published: May 2024

We study in this article the blow-up of solutions to a coupled semilinear wave equations which are characterized by linear damping terms in the \textit{scale-invariant regime}, time-derivative nonlinearities, mass and Tricomi terms. The latter are specifically of great interest from both physical and mathematical points of view since they allow the speeds of propagation to be time-dependent ones. However, we assume in this work that both waves are propagating with the same speeds. Employing this fact together with other hypotheses on the aforementioned parameters (mass and damping coefficients), we obtain a new blow-up region for the system under consideration, and we show a lifespan estimate of the maximal existence time.
Challenging Corrosion: The Innovative, Green and Effective β- CD/ME Supramolecular Complex
Authors: Berdimurodov Elyor , Eliboev Ilyos , Dagdag Omar , Lal Basant , Berisha Avni , Rajabov Yusufboy , Mamatov Jaykhun , Nik W. B. Wan , Kholikov Abduvali , Akbarov Khamdam
Published: May 2024

Background
Corrosion poses major challenges in various industrial sectors such as oil and gas, chemicals, and infrastructure. Traditional corrosion inhibitors have limitations in terms of toxicity and environmental compatibility. Supramolecular complexes are promising as green corrosion inhibitors, as the interaction between host and guest molecules can be tailored for different application needs.
Methods
This study investigates a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/melamine (ME) supramolecular complex by the gravimetric, potentiodynamic (PDP) and electrochemical impedance (EIS) methods. Its synthesis is reported by Raman spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and FT-IR methods. A range of characterization techniques are used to analyze the complex's structure. Gravimetric and electrochemical tests evaluate its corrosion inhibition performance on steel in acidic solution at varying concentrations and temperatures. Computational modeling provides atomic-scale insights by DFT, MC and MD simulations.
Main findings
The synthesis, characterisation, and corrosion prevention performance of a novel supramolecular complex, β-cyclodextrin/melamine (β-CD/ME), on St20 steel, in acidic conditions, were the subjects of an inventive investigation that was described in this publication. The complex's structural alterations, physical interactions, and structure were effectively disclosed, using Raman spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and FT-IR. The β-CD/ME complex's ability to prevent corrosion in hostile solutions exceeded 92–94%, resulting in the formation of a thin protective film on the metal surface and acting as a mixed-type inhibitor. A novel mix of theoretical and experimental methods is used in this work to comprehend the underlying mechanisms, including the influence of structural factors on corrosion prevention effectiveness and the adsorption energies of the complex on the metal surface. These findings demonstrate that the β-CD/ME complex acts as a highly promising, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and efficient corrosion inhibitor with potential applications across diverse industrial settings.
Unveiling the Mystery: Investigating the Debate Surrounding Helicobacter pylori Infection and Multiple Sclerosis Using Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Zhou Jie , Zhu Dagang , Xu Yixin , Wang Haitao , Chen Chao , Wang Kun
Published: May 2024

Background
Many studies have explored the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and multiple sclerosis (MS), but there is significant controversy in the results, and a unified conclusion has not yet been reached.
Methods
In order to calculate the causal relationship between H. pylori and MS, we employed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Genetic instruments for MS from FinnGen were used as the training cohort, and the MS dataset from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium was used as the validation cohort. Additionally, genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for 7 H. pylori antibody levels were obtained from previous literature. MR analysis was primarily carried out using the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method, supported by four other validation approaches, to explore the association between H. pylori infection and MS.
Results
After our comprehensive investigation, no significant causal relationship between H. pylori infection and MS was found in either the training or validation cohorts (IVW, P >0.05). Similarly, the reverse MR analysis also yielded negative results (IVW, P > 0.05).
Conclusions
Our analysis revealed no causal relationship between H. pylori infection and MS.
Fecal microbiota transplantation regulates blood pressure by altering gut microbiota composition and intestinal mucosal barrier function in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: XU Xinghua , JIN Hua , LI Xiaoling , YAN Chunlu , ZHANG Qiuju , YU Xiaoying , LIU Zhijun , LIU Shuangfang , ZHU Feifei
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Hypertension is accompanied by gut microbiota imbalance, but the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of hypertension requires further study. In this study, we used fecal microbiota transplantation to determine the impact of microbiota composition on blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs), using normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats as controls.
Methods: SHRs were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 10/group), SHR and SHR-T (SHR plus fecal transplantation) and WKY into WKY and WKY-T (WKY plus fecal transplantation). SHR-T received fecal transplantation from WKY while WKY-T received fecal transplantation from SHR. Blood pressure was measured from the tail artery in conscious rats. 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to analyze bacterial composition. Circulating levels of diamine oxidase, D-lactate, FITC-Dextrans, and lipopolysaccharide were determined. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe structural changes in the intestinal mucosa. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, and RT-PCR were utilized to determine changes in the expression of tight junction proteins.
Results: Following cross fecal transplantation, blood pressure decreased in SHR and increased in WKY. Significant differences in gut microbial composition were found between hypertensive and normotensive rats, specifically regarding the relative abundance of lactic and butyric acid-producing bacteria. Changes in gut microbiota composition also impacted the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. Moreover, fecal transplantation affected the expression of tight junction proteins that may impact intestinal mucosal permeability and structural integrity.
Conclusion: Blood pressure may be associated with butyric acid-producing intestinal microbiota and its function in regulating the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier.
NEW Generation of Solar Energy: Investigation and Implementation of Artificial Solar Tree Application in Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Marwa , Ashor Karim
Published: May 2024

The world's energy crisis and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions require the development of energy-efficient alternatives, from sunlight to electricity. Solar energy is abundant and free of charge. Solar photovoltaic technology is one of the most promising renewable energy sources for sustainable development. But it takes up a lot of space that could be utilized for other human endeavors. Solar PV trees are a new method of capturing sunlight. It lessens the PV system's footprint on land. This essay describes the planning and building of a solar tree that will power lighting at the Grand Egyptian Museum in Egypt as well as mobile and laptop devices in public urban areas. The Smart Solar Tree is an eco-friendly, creative piece of urban furniture that can function as a six-person public bench, a supply terminal block with six 230V power outlets for laptops and electric bicycles, a built-in USB charging hub for smartphones and tablets, and a fashionable tree-shaped public lighting fixture. Eighteen solar photovoltaic panels, which at night function as programmable-color glowing leaves, provide the Smart Solar Tree with its whole electricity. Because establishing solar trees required less than 30 square feet of land, and installing ground-mounted solar panels required 5000 square feet, the results were compared to solar panel installations. The energy, financial, and environmental performance of solar PV systems was also examined in this article. The 5 kWp solar tree costs $1700 USD in total, compared to $2500 for flat-mounted PV. The solar tree's payback period is projected to be 10 years. Solar trees cost 0.07 USD per watt, compared to 0.11 USD for standard photovoltaic systems. Over the course of the system's lifetime, this research aims to save 11240 tons of CO2 emissions through energy use. The study also discusses the difficulties associated with this technology and makes recommendations for future lines of inquiry.
Ginseng polysaccharides promote gut microbiota mediated deoxycholic acid to alleviate LPS-induced mastitis by regulating TGR5-cAMP-PKA-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway
Authors: Zheng Zhijie , Liu Huiying , Liu Xiang , Cai Sisi , Wang Xiaoyan , Wu Haichong
Published: May 2024

Background
Mastitis is one of the most serious diseases that troubles humans and animals, especially in the dairy industry. More and more evidence suggest that the gut microbiota is closely related to the pathogenesis of mastitis. Ginseng polysaccharide (GP), a main component of ginseng, can improve gut metabolism and regulate gut microbiota, but its underlying mechanism in mastitis is unclear.
Results
The present study found that GP alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced mammary gland inflammation in mice and enriched beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, while LPS stimulated mice enriched with harmful bacteria such as Proteus. Untargeted metabolomics results showed that compared with LPS challenge, the deoxycholic acid (DCA) level increased primarily and the bile secretion pathway was active in GP treatment. Transplanting the fecal microbiota of LPS-induced mice mastitis (FMT.LPS) into recipient mice led to mastitis, exacerbated mammary gland inflammation, and disrupted the blood-milk barrier. Interestingly, the result of 16S rRNA displayed that donor and recipient mice had similar gut microbiota structures, indicating a close correlation between microbial dysbiosis and the progression of mastitis. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that DCA relieved LPS-induced mastitis, and its mechanism was that DCA-mediated TGR5 activation inhibited the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways and mastitis caused by LPS via activating cAMP and PKA.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that GP alleviated LPS-induced mastitis by regulating secondary bile acid mediated by gut microbiota, providing a potential strategy to intervene in distal infections by regulating metabolites mediated by gut microbiota.