bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OXYGEN-DEPENDENT PHAGOCYTOSIS OF BLOOD MONOCYTES IN CHILDREN WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI-ASSOCIATED GASTRIC AND DUODENAL EROSIONS AND ULCER
Authors: Kolenchukova O. A. , Gvozdev I. N. , Gorbachova N. N. , Litvinova I. S.
Published: September 2018

The aim of the research is to study oxygen-dependent phagocytosis of blood monocytes in children with gastric and duodenal erosions  and ulcers by chemiluminescence analysis. The subjects of the  research were blood monocytes, extracted from blood in 44 children  with gastric and duodenal erosions and ulcers in the ages from 11 to  18 years. Microscopic tests for the bioptats of gastric mucosa of  both standard regions and edges of ulcer defects had resulted in the  determination of 2 groups of the patients with gastric and duodenal  erosions and ulcers. The 1st group was represented by Helicobacter  pylori high dissemination. As for the 2nd group, the patients showed  low bacterization. The tests for luminol-dependent hemiluminescence of blood monocytes in patients with H. pylorihigh  dissemination of gastric and duodenal mucosa demonstrated the  significant increase of the intensity and the growth of areas both  under the curve of spontaneous response and under the curve in the  zimozan-induced process as compared to the monocyte activity  in the group with low dissemination. Following the lucigenin- dependent chemiluminescence reactions in the group with H. pylori  high dissemination we had found significant increase of the time of  approaching the peak in both spontaneous response and zimozan- induced processes while the activation index was higher in  comparison with phagocyte activities of monocytes in the group with  low dissemination. Further stage of the research was to identify CagA-positive strains of H. pylori in the children with gastric and  duodenal erosions and ulcers. Studying chemiluminescence activity  of blood lymphocytes in the patients with anti-CagA antibodies we found the true increase of the time of reaching the peak, the  intensity and the area under the curve in spontaneous process in  luminol-dependent response and the time of reaching intensity peak  and the intensity of spontaneous chemiluminescence reaction,  lucigenin being an activator. So we marked the increase of the  activity of oxygen-dependent phagocytosis of blood monocytes in  children with H. pylori associated with gastric and duodenal erosions  and ulcers related to H. pylori increased bacterization. The growth of  H. pylori dissemination results in the higher stage of stomach  mucosa inflammation. Therefore active phagocytes generate more  intensively the formation of active forms of oxygen, free radicals and the products of peroxide oxidation. CagA-positive strains of H. pylori, as a rule, are associated with the higher level of inflammatory  activity than  CagA-negative ones. As a result of such influence the  functional activity of monocytes increases, because they are  «professional » phagocytes. The ability to perform phagocytosis is better expressed in them as compared to other leukocytes.
DYNAMICS OF IL-2 PLASMA LEVELS IN HIV PATIENTS WITH CONSIDERING DRUGS RESISTANCE
Authors: Eliseeva E. S. , Kruglak S. P. , Sklar L. F. , Markelova E. V. , Borovskaya N. A.
Published: September 2018

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the most important cytokines involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Its main  immunological function is to regulate a specific (antigen-dependent)  immune response by stimulating proliferation and differentiation of  immune cells involved in its realization, including Т-lymphocytes.  Dysfunction of cellular immunity is the main pathogenetic  mechanism for the development of HIV infection.Objective: to  identify patterns of IL-2 levels change in HIV-infected patients on the background of drug resistance at the later stages of infection. The study included 83 patients with HIV infection receiving  highly active antiretroviral therapy; the control group  consisted of 20 healthy blood donors. All patients underwent a study  of the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy, including an  assessment of HIV viral load and CD4+ Т lymphocyte levels. In  patients with ineffective antiretroviral therapy, a study of drug  resistance to HIV by Senger sequencing was additionally conducted.  According to the results of genome sequencing, HIV-infected  patients with ineffective antiretroviral therapy were divided into two  subgroups — with revealed drug resistance (58.5%) and absence of  detectable resistance mutations in the genome (41.5%). Levels of  IL-2 were measured in all persons included in the study by the  method of enzyme immunoassay. When comparing the levels of IL-2 between groups of patients with continuing viral load on the background of antiretroviral therapy (viral load is detected) with  drug resistance and without it, significant differences were obtained  (1.75±0.26 pg/ml versus 1.95±0.29 pg/ml, p ≤ 0.05, U-criterion,  respectively). The content of IL-2 is statistically significantly lower in  the group of patients who did not succeed with antiretroviral therapy than in the group of patients with treatment efficacy (1.83±0.29 pg/ml versus 4.89±0.55 pg/ml, respectively, p 0.001, U-criterion). Thus, it is shown that in patients with revealed drug resistance  against the background of progression of HIV infection there is a  decrease in levels of IL-2. The increase in its levels in patients with  HIV infection who have reached virological and immunological  success of therapy is due to the reduction in the number of the cytokine-producing immune cells (T-lymphocytes). We assume that a significant decrease in the levels of IL-2 makes an additional  contribution to the disruption of the processes of proliferation and  differentiation of immunocompetent cells in HIV infection, which is of great importance in the formation of drug resistance of HIV in conditions of constant viral replication.
MULTIMARKER DIAGNOSTIC PANELS FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Metelskaya V. A.
Published: September 2018

Aim. To consider an opportunity for application of different combinations of biochemical and bioimaging parameters to create different multimarker diagnostic panels designed for assessment of risk of coronary atherosclerosis and its complications.

Material and methods. To the analysis, data included, obtained from patients 18 y.o. and older (n=502), investigated at NMRCPR of the Ministry of Health in 2011-2013, who had undergone diagnostic coronary arteriography and duplex carotid scanning. Atherosclerosis burden was measured according the Gensini score. Subfractional spectrum of apoB-lipoproteides was assessed with the Quantimetrix Lipoprint LDL System (USA), biochemistry was done with standard lab. methods. Statistics was done with software Statistica v.10, IBM SPSS Statistics v.20, SAS v.9.4.

Results. Several multimarker combinations (panels) for non-invasive estimation of risk of coronary atherosclerosis detection and its severity were proposed. These are 1) an index K, calculated as ratio of the sum of potentially atherogenic subfractions to the large physiologically active LDL1 particles; index K >1,7 indicates an increased atherogenic potential of apo B-containing particles even with normal lipid profile, and can be used for non-invasive prediction of coronary atherosclerosis; 2) duplex complexes as adiponectin to endothelin ratio which <7,0 is associated with coronary atherosclerosis risk only in men, and as leptin to insulin ratio which <3,5 is associated with elevated atherosclerosis risk only in women; 3) integrated biomarker BIO represented the combination of individual visual and biochemical variables and permitted to discriminate patients from those with no coronary atherosclerosis or having subclinical or severe atherosclerotic lesions.

Conclusion. Proposed multimarker diagnostic panel could be regarded as novel potential biomarkers of coronary atherosclerosis risk and severity, however validation of these markers is necessary. The problem of cardiovascular risk stratification and further prevention activities should be solved with the search for novel markers and combinations of markers.
ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES AND THERAPEUTICAL MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AS A BASEMENT FOR NOVEL BIOLOGICAL LIPIDLOWERING DRUGS
Authors: Afanasieva O. I. , Ezhov M. V. , Pokrovsky S. N.
Published: September 2018

Development of innovational biotechnological medications based on humanized or completely human monoclonal antibodies or antisense oligonucleotides has opened a novel epoque in lipid disorders treatment. High efficacy of such biological drugs influencing the main chains of lipid metabolism (apoprotein B100, apoprotein (a), apoprotein CIII, proprotein-convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9, antipoetin like protein 3) does open a perspective for correction of severe and statin-resistant forms of dyslipidemias, with a possibility to achieve almost complete remission of the disease. However, the evidence of safety of antisense oligonucleotides drugs demands for broader investigation. Such drugs might be used in patients with orphan diseases or serious lipid disorders, not having alternative treatment. Vice versa, the drugs based on the human monoclonal antibodies thank to evidence are started to be in clinical use at the moment.
The experimental contact behaviour of natural sands: normal and tangential loading
Authors: Nardelli Vincenzo , Coop Matthew R.
Published: September 2018

A comprehensive series of tests was carried out using an innovative three-axis inter-particle loading apparatus, investigating the normal and shearing contact behaviour between sand particles of a variety of geological origins. The results show that the normal loading behaviour is very sensitive to the type of sand and its surface condition, and thus to its geological origin and history. For particles characterised by a highly regular shape and low surface roughness, such as those of a common quartz sand, good predictions may be made with models based on the elasticity theory, but at lower loads the particle roughness needs to be accounted for. In shearing the coefficient of inter-particle friction is highly variable, both for a single sand and between different sands, but the average values are controlled predominantly by the surface roughness. Current elasticity-based methods for predicting the tangential stiffness overestimate it considerably, but coaxiality between the forces and displacements indicates that the underlying assumption of elasticity with micro-slipping at the contacts may be correct.
Núcleo de atenção ao homem como espaço de reconstrução de masculinidades agressoras
Authors: Prado Vagner Matias do , Silva Edson Marcelo Oliveira
Published: September 2018

O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar a implantação do Núcleo de Atenção ao Homem em um município de médio porte do interior paulista que desenvolve ações interventivas junto a homens agressores. Metodologicamente, trata-se de um relato de experiência que dialoga com a perspectiva teórica dos estudos de gênero. Espera-se que a socialização do trabalho possa colaborar para a problematização da violência de gênero e para a elaboração de estratégias de enfrentamento à violência que, para além de medidas protetivas direcionadas às vítimas, contribuam para que os próprios agressores possam resignificar suas ações e condutas.
Acolhimento institucional: descrevendo a prática do psicólogo e a sua atuação
Authors: Scott Juliano Beck , Oliveira Isabel Fernandes de , Siqueira Aline Cardoso
Published: September 2018

Este estudo advém de um programa de cooperação acadêmica (Procad) entre diferentes universidades brasileiras, que investigou a atuação da psicologia em instituições de acolhimento de diferentes regiões do país, descrevendo a prática do psicólogo e a sua atuação. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a atuação do psicólogo tem se centrado no atendimento individual e em grupo, no fortalecimento de vínculos familiares e comunitários, no treinamento e capacitação de funcionários e na articulação com o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos.
A pedagogia da alternância em Rondônia: alguns apontamentos críticos a partir dos estudos culturais
Authors: Valadão Alberto Dias , Backes José Licínio
Published: September 2018

O propósito deste artigo é trazer alguns apontamentos críticos a partir dos Estudos Culturais sobre a Pedagogia da Alternância, que foi criada na França na década de 1920 e chegou a Rondônia no final da década de 1980. Os Estudos Culturais, campo epistemológico escolhido para este estudo, vê a cultura como prática produtiva envolvida em relações de poder, inclusive no sentido de fabricar meios de regular as condutas, ações e modos de ser e de pensar, sendo, portanto, as identidades e diferenças produzidas histórica e culturalmente. As entrevistas, observações e análises de documentos, como o Projeto Político Pedagógico e o Plano de Curso do Centro Familiar de Formação em Alternância (CEFFA) de Ji-Paraná (RO), onde se deu este trabalho, mostraram que essa prática pedagógica tem objetivado a produção de sujeitos cidadãos conscientes, autônomos, homogeneizados, privilegiando, para alcançar o seu intento, os conhecimentos chamados científicos e as normas internas criadas pelas famílias para regular e controlar as práticas e comportamentos dos sujeitos que ali estudam e trabalham.
Aconselhamento psicológico e psicologia positiva na saúde pública: escuta como produção de saúde
Authors: Scorsolini-Comin Fabio
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste estudo teórico é apresentar e discutir o aconselhamento psicológico no campo da saúde pública como forma de proporcionar uma escuta enquanto produção de saúde, ou seja, partindo do pressuposto de que o espaço criado para a fala acerca dos problemas vivenciados já constitui uma ferramenta capaz de produzir bem-estar. A Psicologia Positiva é trazida como abordagem adequada aos pressupostos da saúde pública e do aconselhamento por privilegiar o domínio da saúde na compreensão do ser humano, suas virtudes e potencialidades. Refletindo sobre a formação profissional em Psicologia no campo da saúde pública, o aconselhamento é apresentado também como possibilidade de inserção do estagiário neste cenário e de aprendizagem significativa acerca das competências e habilidades que devem atravessar e constituir o ser profissional. Conclui-se que a escuta pode ser valorizada pelos profissionais de saúde como forma de aproximá-los dos clientes e potencializar o desenvolvimento e o reconhecimento de recursos para a promoção do bem-estar.
UNICEF no Brasil e medicalização da infância, educação e família
Authors: Lemos Flávia Cristina Silveira , Félix Patrícia Furtado , Rodrigues Robert Damasceno , Gasparetto Daiane , Mendes Larissa , Dias Rachel Siqueira
Published: September 2018

Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa que teve como objetivo problematizar a medicalização nos corpos de crianças e adolescentes, no Brasil, por meio das práticas de gestão disciplinar e biopolítica do UNICEF, privilegiando a análise de saberes e poderes nos manuais prescritivos de condutas. A metodologia utilizada foi histórica genealógica, documental. Vale destacar que a medicalização tem efeitos de positividade na produção de saúde, de maneira que, em lugares e realidades onde praticamente não há cuidados básicos, não temos como negar a importância de práticas realizadas pelo UNICEF. Foucault alertava, ao tratar da medicalização, em países considerados em desenvolvimento, como seria bastante complicado fazer apenas uma crítica aos processos medicalizantes, sem realçar que eles quase não foram implantados em alguns países ou em regiões destes. No caso do Brasil, essa realidade é paradigmática; portanto, é oportuno ressaltar as disparidades desse caso e as implicações no campo dos direitos das crianças e adolescentes.
Long term Cryopreservation of Chloroviruses by Infection of Chlorella v3
Authors: R Coy Samantha , Alsante Alyssa , W Wilhelm Steven
Published: September 2018

Contact Dr. Steven Wilhelm (wilhelm@utk.edu) or Samantha Coy (srose16@vols.utk.edu) for additional information regarding this protocol.
In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay v2
Authors: Rubí Segura-Campos Maira
Published: September 2018

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease characterized by hyperglycemia that affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The unique approach to decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia is to reduce or slow down dietary carbohydrate digestion. The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes is a strong therapeutic goal of controlling the postprandial glycemic reaction. This protocol describes the anti-hyperglycemic activity of aqueous extracts measuring the in vitro inhibition of these enzymes.
Affect Disposition(ing): A Genealogical Approach to the Organization and Regulation of Emotions
Authors: Bösel Bernd
Published: September 2018

The “affective turn” has been primarily concerned not with what affect is, but what it does. This article focuses on yet another shift towards how affect gets organized, i.e., how it is produced, classified, and controlled. It proposes a genealogical as well as a critical approach to the organization of affect and distinguishes between several “affect disposition(ing) regimes”—meaning paradigms of how to interpret and manage affects, for e.g., encoding them as byproducts of demonic possession, judging them in reference to a moralistic framework, or subsuming them under an industrial regime. Bernard Stiegler’s concept of psychopower will be engaged at one point and expanded to include social media and affective technologies, especially Affective Computing. Finally, the industrialization and cybernetization of affect will be contrasted with poststructuralist interpretations of affects as events.
The Turn to Affect and Emotion in Media Studies
Authors: Lünenborg Margreth , Maier Tanja
Published: September 2018

This editorial delivers an introduction to the thematic Media and Communication issue on “The Turn to Affect and Emotion in Media Studies”. The social and cultural formation of affect and emotion has been of central interest to social science-based emotion research as well as to affect studies, which are mainly grounded in cultural studies. Media and communication scholars, in turn, have especially focused on how emotion and affect are produced by media, the way they are communicated through media, and the forms of emotion audiences develop during the use of media. Distinguishing theoretical lines of emotion theory in social sciences and diverse traditions of affect theory, we reflect on the need to engage more deeply with affect and emotion as driving forces in contemporary media and society. This thematic issue aims to add to ongoing affect studies research and to existing emotion research within media studies. A special emphasis will be placed on exploring structures of difference and power produced in and by media in relation to affect and emotion.
Сhanges in subcellular distribution of lysosomal cysteine proteinases activity in parenchymatous organs of rats under the action of nitric oxide synthesis modulators
Authors: Fomina M. A. , Terent'ev A. A.
Published: September 2018

Aim. To study the eﬀect of non-selective inhibitor of NO-synthase N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and substrate of nitric oxide synthesis L-arginine on the activity of cathepsins B, L, H and its subcellular distribution in liver, kidney and lung tissues.

Materials and methods. The object of study – male rats Wistar line, the material was the cytoplasmic and lysosomal fraction of homogenates of liver, kidney, lung tissues. A non-selective inhibitor of inducible NO-synthase N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was applied at a dose of 25 mg/kg, the substrate of NO synthesis L-arginine – at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Activity of cathepsins B, L, H was defined separately in the cytoplasmic and lysosomal fractions by spectrofluorometry quantitative determination of the specific substrate cleavage product 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin.

Results. Suppression of nitric oxide synthesis by non-selective inhibitor of NO-synthase L-NAME (25 mg/kg, 7 days) in the kidney tissue leads to a decrease in the activity of cathepsins В, L, H in lysosomal fraction with a parallel increase in non-lysosomal activity of cathepsin L, in the liver tissue leads to an increase in lysosomal activity of cathepsin H and a decrease in non-lysosomal activity of cathepsin L. The substrate of nitric oxide synthesis L-arginine (500 mg/kg, 10 days) only causes increased activity of cathepsin L in non-lysosomal fraction of liver tissue, leads to increased lysosomal activity of cathepsin H in kidney tissue, the lung tissue shows a significant increase in the activity of the all studied cathepsins in non-lysosomal fraction, accompanied by an increase in lysosomal activity of cathepsins B and H. The revealed changes are associated with the signs of changes in the ratio of pro-enzyme and active forms of cathepsins.

Conclusion. The eﬀects of non-selective inhibitor and substrate of nitric oxide synthesis on the total activity of cathepsins B, L and H in parenchymatous organs and its subcellular distribution are tissue-specific and multidirectional in some cases and are accompanied by signs of changes in the ratio of pro-enzyme and enzymatically active forms mainly due to an increase of pro-enzyme forms.
Recent Advances in Asthma Management
Authors: Barnes Peter J ,   National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
Published: September 2018

The treatment of asthma has improved greatly during the last two decades, and deaths
from the disease have decreased.1 Despite these advances, many asthma patients fail to achieve optimal asthma control as defined by international guidelines.2,3 Severe asthma is associated with high risk of exacerbations and death.4 Definitions of severe asthma vary but, according to European Respiratory Society (ERS)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) and Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, severe asthma is asthma that requires treatment with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids plus a second controller, and/or systemic corticosteroids, to prevent it from becoming uncontrolled, or remains uncontrolled despite this therapy.2,5 In an expert interview, Professor Barnes discusses the latest advances in the management of both mild and severe asthma.
The Use of Triple Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Outcomes of the IMPACT Trial
Authors: Cazzola Mario ,   University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Published: September 2018

Triple inhaled therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) comprises the combination of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) and a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). The use of triple therapy is recommended by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) for patients who experience recurrent exacerbations despite treatment with either a dual bronchodilator or LABA/ICS combination.1 Evidence exists for the superior efficacy of triple therapy compared with LABA/ICS and LAMA monotherapy with regards to improved lung function, health status, and exacerbation rate. However, the benefits of triple therapy compared with dual bronchodilation (LABA/LAMA) are uncertain.2 The IMPACT study compared triple therapy and dual inhaler therapy comprising LABA/LAMA in patients with COPD.3 In an expert interview, Dr Cazzola discusses this study and its implications for clinical practice.
Challenges in Diagnosing and Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Children
Authors: Ersu Refika ,   Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: September 2018

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in children is essential to prevent multiple health consequences, but distinctive symptoms are scarce. While overnight polysomnography is the standard diagnostic tool, it is not widely available. Nocturnal oximetry, respiratory polygraphy and standardised questionnaires are useful alternatives. Treatment options include positive airway pressure, weight loss interventions and anti-inflammatory treatment with nasal corticosteroids and/or oral montelukast. Combined treatment modalities may improve outcomes.
Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Available Treatment for Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency-related Emphysema in Europe
Authors: Thabut Gabriel ,   Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France,   Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France, Corda Luciano ,   Medicina Respiratoria – Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
Published: September 2018

Alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) is a rare genetic risk factor that predisposes an individual to develop early-onset emphysema. While accurate diagnosis of severe AATD is an important goal of clinical care, a minority of individuals with AATD are diagnosed and lack of awareness about the disease is the major suspected cause for this. Since the 1980s, therapy with human plasma-derived AAT has been the only specific treatment for AATD aiming to slow emphysema progression. The first randomised controlled trial to demonstrate this slowing of disease progression with AAT was the Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of augmentation therapy in Alpha1 Proteinase Inhibitor Deficiency (RAPID) study. The RAPID programme, consisting of the initial trial plus its open-label extension (OLE), is the largest completed clinical study of AAT therapy in AATD and the only trial designed specifically to explore the disease-modifying effect of AAT treatment. The RAPID-OLE data substantiate those of the RAPID trial, establishing the sustained efficacy and good tolerability for AAT treatment, providing evidence that AAT treatment modifies the disease course, and supporting the importance of early intervention.
Inducible Laryngeal Obstruction in the Paediatric Population – Review of the Literature and Current Understanding
Authors: Soares Marta ,   Paediatric Department, Algarve University Hospital Center, Faro, Portugal, Rodrigues Alexandra ,   Paediatric Department, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal, Morais-Almeida Mário ,   Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital and CUF Infante Santo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
Published: September 2018

Inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO) is a complex entity and its exact mechanisms are still unclear. It is characterised by transient and reversible narrowing of the larynx in response to external triggers, resulting in symptoms such as cough, dyspnoea and noisy breathing. The prevalence of this condition in adult or paediatric populations is uncertain. Management of ILO starts by establishing an accurate diagnosis, and treatment includes control of trigger factors, breathing and relaxation techniques, and speech and respiratory therapy. The aim of this article is to summarise current understanding and provide a review of the literature of ILO in the paediatric population.
Constitucionalismo democrático e innovación constitucional en Ecuador
Authors: Martínez Dalmau Rubén
Published: September 2018

Desde la activación del poder constituyente en la Constitución colombiana de 1991, diversas constituciones democráticas han supuesto cambios estructurales importantes en varios países latinoamericanos, tanto en la organización de los poderes públicos como en la legitimidad democrática del poder y la regeneración constitucional de los derechos. De entre estos nuevos textos constitucionales latinoamericanos destaca, ­­por su originalidad y avances teóricos, la Constitución ecuatoriana de 2009: el primer caso de constitucionalismo de transición en el nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano. Estas constituciones, no obstante, se encuentran ante un problema de aplicación que dificulta su funcionamiento como instrumentos de transformación social. 
El presente trabajo explora las condiciones en las que se activó en 2007 el poder constituyente ecuatoriano, así como los contextos en los que se produjo la redacción de la Constitución de 2008, así mismo explica las razones por las cuales se incluye el texto constitucional en el paradigma teórico del nuevo constitucionalismo. Centra el análisis, por un lado, en la relación entre soberanía y poder constituido, y por el otro, en el constructo de las innovaciones constitucionales, así como el Buen Vivir como fundamento axiológico de la Constitución. Asimismo, se hace referencia a los objetivos maximalistas de la nueva Constitución y a la posibilidad de creación de fracturas entre el formalismo constitucional y la realidad de su aplicación.
revocación del mandato presidencial como instrumento de la ciudadanía en el Nuevo Constitucionalismo Latinoamericano
Authors: Domingo Barbera Elia
Published: September 2018

El Nuevo Constitucionalismo Latinoamericano ha supuesto un cambio de paradigmas democráticos que han permitido la inclusión de instituciones de democracia directa como la del mandato presidencial, ofreciendo características particulares en cuanto a la forma de entender esta institución. Se realizará un análisis de las constituciones enmarcadas en este Nuevo Constitucionalismo que contemplan la del mandato presidencial para poder interpretar la intención dada a esta institución desde las premisas de esta nueva vertiente constitucional. Con una revisión de las normas de desarrollo constitucional de la revocación del mandato, así como de los procesos de revocación del mandato presidencial que hayan sido puestos en práctica en estos países, se analizará si la revocación del mandato es reflejo fiel de la intención del constituyente.
La tradición legal y la calidad de las instituciones: ¿es característica la colonización por los países con leyes francesas?
Authors: KIRAT THIERRY
Published: September 2018

La literatura reciente argumenta que la tradición legal de las naciones, por ejemplo aquellas pertenecientes al mundo de la ley común y la ley civil, no son neutrales en términos de desempeño económico o institucional, especialmente en referencia a oportunidades clave para sacar de la pobreza a los países subdesarrollados. Presentamos los resultados de una explotación exploratoria de las “bases de datos de perfiles institucionales” suministrados por la DGTPE (Ministerio Francés de Economía y Finanzas) y de la Agencia Francesa para el Desarrollo (encuesta de 2009) complementada con datos sobre el origen legal y otras variables de La Porta et al. Resaltamos las especificaciones de los países subdesarrollados que heredaron las leyes francesas (relativas a aquellas de las leyes inglesas). Una reflexión sobre el poder político y el Estado encuentra un fuerte contraste entre el modelo típico ideal de la ley francesa y los hallazgos empíricos. Este contraste es consistente con la noción en lugar del estado real de las antiguas colonias francesas.
Endometrial tissue sampling using pipelle versus dilatation and curettage for the assessment of endometrium in patients of perimenopausal and post-menopausal age: a prospective study
Authors: Navakumar Nina , Dinesh Dhanya , Devi P. K. Syamala
Published: September 2018

Background: The aim of this study is to compare the accuracy and adequacy of endometrial sampling using pipelle biopsy with dilatation and uterine curettage (D and C) and hysterectomy specimen in the assessment of endometrium in patients of perimenopausal and postmenopausal age.Methods: One hundred fifty patients of perimenopausal and postmenopausal age who attended the Gynecology OPD of KIMS Hospital from June 2012 to May 2014 with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding or who were found to have abnormally thickened endometrium by ultrasonography were included in the study.Results: Adequate specimen could be obtained through pipelle biopsy in 86.7% of the patients, compared to 76% with adequate sample in case of D and C. Comparing histopathology reports between Pipelle and DandC specimens, the confidence interval was 92.7%, 95% lying in the range between 86.54% to 96.53%. 68 of the 150 patients had undergone hysterectomy for various reasons. Comparing histopathology reports between Pipelle and hysterectomy specimens, the confidence interval was 94.2%; 95% of study population lies within the C.I range of 84.05 %-98.79% while accounting for the whole population, which shows that Pipelle endometrial sampling can be considered to be almost accurate as HPE by hysterectomy specimen. Comparing the difficulty of the procedure, Pipelle biopsy was found to be easier in perimenopausal patients when compared to post-menopausal patients and the difference was statistically significant. Mode of delivery did not seem to affect the ease of Pipelle endometrial sampling as per present observations.Conclusions: Endometrial tissue sampling using Pipelle was found to be as reliable as D and C and hysterectomy specimen on histopathologic examination for the assessment of endometrium in perimenopausal and post-menopausal age group. Pipelle endometrial sampling was found to be yield adequate specimen when compared with D and C.
Efecto de la remineralización de lesiones cariosas incipientes de un barniz de flúor con fosfato tricálcico
Authors: Juárez López María Lilia Adriana , Adriano Anaya María del Pilar , Molina Frechero Nelly , Murrieta Pruneda Francisco
Published: September 2018

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la efectividad preventiva de la aplicación de un barniz de fluoruro de sodio enriquecido con fosfato tricálcico en escolares de alto riesgo cariogénico.MÉTODO: Ensayo clínico efectuado durante 12 meses en escolares de seis años inscritos en una escuela primaria en la Ciudad de México. Los sujetos de estudio se asignaron al azar a dos grupos: a) barniz de fluoruro de sodio con trifosfato cálcico cada 4 meses, más cepillado dental con dentífrico fluorurado; b) sólo cepillado dental con dentífrico fluorurado. Todos los participantes recibieron asesoría acerca de la técnica de cepillado. Se registraron los índices de caries por superficie en dientes primarios y permanentes y se calculó la fracción preventiva. Mediante el Sistema Internacional de Detección y Evaluación de Caries se identificaron los molares con lesiones cariosas incipientes. Para la comparación de los grupos se aplicaron las pruebas t de Student, t pareada, Ude Mann Whitney y Wilcoxon.RESULTADOS: De 106 escolares que terminaron los tratamientos, el grupo que recibió barniz de fluoruro de sodio con fosfato tricálcico tuvo menor incremento de superficies cariadas, perdidas u obturadas en dientes permanentes que el grupo de control (p = 0.087). La fracción de protección del barniz fue de 36% para los molares permanentes. En el seguimiento de las lesiones cariosas incipientes se observó que 15% del grupo que recibió barniz de fluoruro de sodio con fosfato tricálcico se recuperó en comparación con 0.4% del grupo control (p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONES: La aplicación cuatrimestral de barniz de fluoruro de sodio con fosfato tricálcico demostró ventajas preventivas, reversión y evitó el avance de las lesiones cariosas incipientes.
Acné juvenil, tratamiento por el pediatra. ¿Cuándo enviar al especialista?
Authors: Maza Ramos Gibert , Liquidano Pérez Eduardo , Saéz de Ocariz Marimar , Orozco Covarrubias Luz
Published: September 2018

El acné juvenil o acné vulgar es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta a la unidad pilosebácea. La producción de sebo por las glándulas sebáceas, secundaria al estímulo hormonal, condiciona un proceso obstructivo del conducto pilosebáceo por retención de sebo y células anormales seguido de un proceso inflamatorio. Generalmente es de inicio lento, de evolución prolongada, con remisiones parciales y brotes agudos.
Vacunación durante el embarazo
Authors: Macías Parra Mercedes , Arias de la Garza Eduardo , Castillo Bejarano José Iván , Quinto Morales Geraldine
Published: September 2018

En las últimas décadas, las vacunas se convirtieron en una de las estrategias más útiles para alcanzar reducciones sustanciales en la mortalidad infantil asociada con enfermedades infecciosas susceptibles de prevención. Sin embargo, la disminución de la mortalidad ha sido menor en pacientes que aún no alcanzan la edad para recibir ciertas vacunas. La falta de adiestramiento para aplicar ciertas vacunas a neonatos y lactantes menores deja un margen de baja inmunidad que resulta en mayor proporción de hospitalizaciones y muertes susceptibles de prevención por vacunas en comparación con otros grupos de edad.
Hizmet İhracatı ve Turizm Harcamalarının Ekonomik Büyümeye Katkısı Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz: 1996-2017 Türkiye Örneği
Authors: İşleyen Şakir , Altun Yener , Görür Çetin
Published: September 2018

Türkiye
gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ekonomik büyümeyi son zamanlarda etkileyen
önemli faktörlerden ikisi turizm ve hizmet sektörüdür. Küreselleşen dünya
ekonomisinde şirketler veya firmalar ürün ihracatından çok hizmet ihracatına
yönelmiştir. Bir ülkede hizmet ihracatının artması için o ülkede hizmet
sektörünün gelişmiş olması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de 1996-2017
yılları arasında hizmet ihracatı ve turizm harcamalarının ekonomik büyümeye
etkisi, En Küçük Kareler (EKK) yöntemi ile tahmin edilip ekonometrik analizi
yapılmıştır. Çalışma doğrultusunda 1996-2017 yılları arasında Türkiye’ye ait
hizmet ihracatı, turizm harcamaları ve ekonomik büyüme verileri, World Bank
Database web sitesinden dolar cinsiden temin edilip ampirik analizi yapılmıştır.
Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, hizmet ihracatı ve turizm harcamaları
ile iktisadi büyüme arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu
iki sektörde de meydana gelen artışların ekonomik büyüme üzerinde olumlu etkiye
sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
Teknoloji Entegrasyonuna Yönelik Öz-Yeterlik Algısı Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması
Authors: Ünal Erhan , Teker Necmettin
Published: September 2018

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, Wang, Ertmer ve Newby (2004) tarafından geliştirilen
Teknoloji Entegrasyonuna Yönelik Öz-Yeterlik Algısı Ölçeği’ni Türkçe’ye
uyarlamaktır. Ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini yapmak için Afyon
Kocatepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 748 öğretmen adayından
veri toplanmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği için açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör
analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve benzer yapı elde edilmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirlik
analizinde Cronbach Alfa İç Tutarlık katsayısı hesaplanmış ve 0.936 olarak
bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin madde-toplam korelasyonları ise 0.60 ile 0.707 arasında
değişmektedir. Ölçeğin ölçüt geçerliğinde Kabakçı-Yurdakul, Odabaşı, Kılıçer,
Çoklar, Birinci ve Kurt (2012) tarafından hazırlanan Teknopedagojik Eğitim
Yeterlikleri Ölçeği ile arasındaki korelasyon katsayısı 0.74 olarak
bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Teknoloji Entegrasyonuna Yönelik
Öz-Yeterlik Algı Ölçeği’nin Türk kültüründe geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme
aracı olduğuna karar verilmiştir.
Kurumsal Performans Karnesi Ölçümü: Üçüncü Basamak Sağlık Kurumlarında Bir Uygulama
Authors: KORKMAZ Oya
Published: September 2018

Kurumsal
Performans Karnesinin (Balanced Scorecard) potansiyel faydasına dikkat çekmek
ve hastane yöneticilerinin kullanımına sunmak amıyla yapılan bu çalışmada
üçüncü basamak bir sağlık kuruluşuna 2007, 2008 ve 2009 yılları itibariyle
Kurumsal Performans Karnesi uygulanmış ve şu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, toplam kurumsal
performans 2007 yılında %54.63, 2008 yılında %62.48 ve 2009 yılında ise %63.32
olarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca belirtilen yıllar itibariyle kurumsal performans
karnesinin alt boyutlarının performansları da tespit edilmiştir. Çıkan sonuca
göre iyi performansın korunması, kötü performansın ise iyileştirilmesi yönünde
önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Nüfusun ve Yerleşmelerin Yükseltiye Göre Değişimi: Muş İli Örneği
Authors: DÖLEK İskender , AVCI Vedat , HARUNOĞULLARI Muazzez
Published: September 2018

Muş
ilinin de içerisinde yer aldığı Doğu Anadolu Bölge’sinin, ekonomisi tamamen
insan gücü ile ayakta durmaktadır. Bu açıdan nüfusunun mekân üzerindeki
dağılışı ve bu dağılışı etkileyen faktörlerin ortaya konması oldukça önemlidir.
Muş ilinde nüfusun %1’inin 1000-1250 m, % 69’unun 1251-1500 m, % 25’inin
1501-1750 m, % 4’ü nün 1751-2000 m, % 1’inin ise 2001-2250 m yükselti basamağı
aralığında, yerleşmelerin % 2’sinin 1000-1250 m, % 39’unun 1251-1500 m, %
39’unun 1501-1750 m, % 17’sinin 1751-2000 m, % 3’ünün ise 2001-2250 m yükselti
aralığında yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Muş ilinde sanayi ve makineleşmeye bağlı
bir gelişim diretmesinden ziyade yayla, mağara, ekolojik, termal turizm, dağ
sporları (kayak) gibi ilde var olan potansiyele dayalı aktivitelere yoğunlaşmasının
ilin gelişimi açısından daha gerçekçi olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Öğretmen Adaylarının İdeal Eğitim Ortamına Yönelik Bakış Açılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: YENEN Emin Tamer , DURSUN Fevzi
Published: September 2018

Bu
araştırmanın amacı öğretmen adaylarının ideal ve demokratik eğitim ortamına
ilişkin görüşlerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışma nitel araştırma deseni
çerçevesinde, durum çalışması yöntemi ile sürdürülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma
grubu, 2016-2017 öğretim yılında Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesindeki 20 öğretmen
adayından oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak açık uçlu anket
tekniği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir.
Çalışmada, ideal eğitim ortamının oluşturulmasında sınıfın fiziki koşullarının
ve psikolojik dinamiklerin dikkate alınması gerektiği ve olumlu bir sınıf
iklimi oluşturmanın ideal ve demokratik bir eğitim ortamı için önemli bir unsur
olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
ETIKA DALAM PANDANGAN AL-FARABI
Authors: Syafi'i Muhammad
Published: September 2018

Ethics is a philosophical part of axiology and becomes an important basis in the formation of morality. Today, ethics even becomes a serious individual matter that has an impact on human social life. There are many Islamic philosophers who highlight the theme of ethics within the philosophical framework, one of them is Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi. His view of human action and especially of happiness shows his different mind from the previous philosopher. His view of happiness reflects the orientation of human life in the present that overriden by the crisis of existence. In addition, some of his essays even focus exclusively on ethical discussions. Unfortunately, only a few scholars studied his ethical mind in a brief sub-section. Therefore, this paper will try to fill the void, as well as to contribute about the importance of ethics for the sustainability of individual morality and social morality.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP POLIS ELEKTRONIK DALAM PERJANJIAN ASURANSI
Authors: Ika Putri Vianda Karina , Winarno Bambang , Budiono A. Rachmad
Published: September 2018

Abstract: Electronic policy or e-policy is an insurance contract that happends due to an electronic commercial transactions. But e-policy has been in Indonesia although there is no clear legal framework related to the existence of these e-policy. The purpose of this study are 1) Determine and analyze how the legality of e-policy according to the law in Indonesia. 2) Determine and analyze how the strength of e-policies evidence in the event of a dispute between the parties. Judicial review of electronic policy in the insurance agreement, namely: 1) E-polis as a form of agreement which could be interpreted is not qualify as legitimate e-policy agreement contrary to KUHDagang to be equivalent for sub law. So, insurance agreement can be interpreted is not meet objective conditions of an agreement that could result in the agreement is null and void (Article 1320 of KUHPerdata). 2) The strength of evidence on e-policy will have a strong legal force if the e-policy is made in the form of a deed in writing and acknowledged by both parties entered into an agreement, but if e-policy just softfile that send by email then e-policy does not have the strength of evidence because it was not in accordance with the provisions of Indonesian laws. Keywords: Agreement, E-policy, The Insurance Agreement Abstrak: Polis elektronik atau e-polis merupakan kontrak asuransi yang terjadi akibat suatu transaksi komersial elektronik. Namun e-polis telah berada di Indonesia meski belum ada payung hukum yang jelas terkait adanya e-polis ini. Tujuan Penelitian ini ialah 1) Mengetahui dan menganalisis keabsahan e-polis menurut hukum di Indonesia, 2) Mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana kekuatan pembuktian e-polis dalam hal terjadi sengketa antara para pihak. Tinjauan yuridis terhadap polis elektronik dalam perjanjian asuransi, yakni : 1) E-polis sebagai suatu bentuk perjanjian yang dapat diartikan tidak memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian karena e-polis bertentangan dengan KUHDagang yang setara dengan Undang-Undang. Sehingga perjanjian asuransi tersebut dapat diartikan tidak memenuhi syarat objektif suatu perjanjian yang dapat mengakibatkan perjanjian tersebut batal demi hukum (Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata). 2) Kekuatan pembuktian pada e-polis akan memiliki kekuatan hukum yang kuat apabila e-polis dibuat dalam bentuk akta yang tertulis dan diakui oleh kedua belah pihak yang mengadakan perjanjian, namun apabila e-polis tersebut hanya berbentuk softfile yang dikirim melalui email maka e-polis tersebut tidak memiliki kekuatan pembuktian karena tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan-ketentuan hukum positif Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Perjanjian, E-polis, perjanjian asuransi
Kriteria Poligami serta Dampaknya melalui Pendekatan Alla Tuqsitu Fi al-Yatama dalam Kitab Fikih Islam Wa Adillatuhu
Authors: Hafidzi Anwar , Hayatunnisa Eka
Published: September 2018

Poligami merupakan ketentuan hukum Islam yang membolehkan beristeri lebih dari satu. Permasalahan ini disinggung dalam al quran dan ada ayat-ayat yang memberikan dasar hukum pada poligami. Pada dasarnya Islam membolehkan poligami yang dalam al quran disebutkan bahwa poligami maksimal di berikan batasan sampai 4 org isteri.  Mengenai hal ini terdapat berbagai persoalan dan problematika yang dipahami secara beragam oleh beberapa ulama, terutama mengenai dampak poligami di era modern sekarang ini. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini akan berfokus pada kajian terhadap 2 kitab fikih yakni Fikih Islaam wa Adillatuhu dan Fikiih Sunnah, yang keduanya membahas tentang dampak poligami. Penulis mencoba mengkontestualisasikan cara pandang kedua kitab ini dalam memahami poligami yang terjadi di masa kini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desktiptif analitik terhadap dua kitab yang telah disebutkan di atas. Melalui tulisan ini, tampak bahwa dampak poligami sangat merugikan pihak perempuan, lebih dari itu ia juga justru menimbulkan masalah baru di lingkungan masyarakat.
Increased P wave duration and dispersion is associated with catheter-related atrial fibrillation during electrophysiological study
Authors: İÇEN Yahya Kemal , SÜMBÜL Hilmi Erdem , KOÇ Mevlüt
Published: September 2018

Objectives:
Catheter-related atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause during
electrophysiological study (EPS) and prolongs the duration of the
procedure.  In our study, we compared P
wave duration and dispersion in patients with and without catheter-related
atrial fibrillation during EPS. Methods: One
hundred forty five patients who had normal EPS findings and who were found to
have catheter related atrial fibrillation were included in our study.
Electrocardiogram was performed in all patients and the pulse rate, the longest
P wave duration (Pmax), the shortest P wave duration (Pmin) and the difference
between of those (P wave dispersion: Pdisp) were recorded. EPS was performed in
all patients. The patients were divided into two groups as the group 1 (without
catheter-related AF) and group 2 (with catheter-related AF). Results: In group
2, EPS time was significantly longer, Pmax and Pdisp were found to be
significantly higher, Pmin was found to be significantly lower. Binominal logistic
regression analysis revealed that, Pmax (OR: 1.077, 95% CI: 1.043-1.112, p < 0.001), Pmin (OR: 0.889, 95% CI: 0.853-926,
p < 0.001) and Pdisp (OR: 1.125, 95%
CI: 1.080-1.173, p < 0.001) were
all independent predictors for catheter-related AF. In ROC analyses, Pmax cut-off
value of 120 ms determined the catheter-related AF with 61% sensitivity and 67%
specificity, Pdisp cut-off value of 35 ms determined the catheter-related AF
with 80% sensitivity and 71% specificity.

Conclusion: Patients
with longer Pdisp and Pmax and shorter Pmin may develop catheter-related AF
during EPS.