bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Hydrocooling dan Jenis Kemasan Terhadap Kualitas Mentimun (Curcumis sativus L) Selama Penyimpanan
Authors: Arista Yuvita Lira Vesti , Khairunissa Anita , Chastelyna Agnes Juniarti
Published: March 2023

Mentimun (Curcumis sativus L) sangat mudah terjadinya kemunduran mutu pascapanen akibat adanya proses respirasi dan transpirasi yang mengakibat kehilangan air dan kelayuan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mempertahankan mutu adalah dengan melakukan hydrocooling dan melakukan pengemas pada mentimun. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hydrocooling dan pengaruh jenis kemasan terhadap mutu mentimun khususnya kadar air, kandungan total padatan terlarut, susut bobot dan tekstur selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode RAL Faktorial dimana terdiri atas 2 faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama merupakan variasi suhu hydrocooling (H) dimana H0= hydrocooling suhu 30C; H2= hydrocooling suhu 60C dan H3= hydrocooling suhu 90C. Faktor kedua merupakan jenis kemasan (K) yang terdiri atas K1= kemasan PP; K2= Kemasan LDPE, K3= Kemasan PET. Mentimun yang telah dikemas kemudian disimpan pada 10 0C untuk diamati perubahan mutunya selama penyimpanan.  Kombinasi perlakuan yang baik dalam mempertahankan kadar air dan menekan susut bobot mentimun selama penyimpanan adalah perlakuan hydrocooling 30C kemasan LDPE (H1K2), hydrocooling 60C kemasan PP (H2K1), hydrocooling 90C kemasan LDPE dan PET (H3K2, H3K3) sedangkan perlakuan hydrocooling 60C kemasan PP (H3K1) mampu menekan susut bobot dan hydrocooling 60C LDPE dan (H2K2) mampu mempertahankan kandungan air produk selama penyimpanan.Kata Kunci : Susut bobot, Kadar Air, TPT, Tekstur
Keefektifan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Multimedia Menggunakan Powerpoint Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Novi Wulandari  , Haifaturrahmah  , Syafruddin Muhdar  , Nursina Sari  , Yuni Mariyati  , Saddam
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia dengan menggunakan powerpoint terhadap hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah R&D D (Research and Development). Metode yang digunakan peneliti adalah model Barg and Gall (1potensi dan masalah, 2pengumpulan data, 3desain produk, 4validasi desain, 5revisi desain, 6uji coba produk, 7revisi produk, 8uji coba pemakaian, 9revisi produk, 10produksi massal). Penelitian ini khusus untuk melihat keefektifan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia menggunakan powerpoint. Adapun hasil keefektifan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia menggunakan powerpoint dari hasil N-Gain score diperoleh skor 0,74%. Sehingga sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran pembelajaran berbasis multimedia menggunakan powerpoint masuk katagori tinggi dan efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar.
Penerapan Model Think, Pair, and Share Berbasis Alat Peraga untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa
Authors: Sintikhe Syela Adu  , Wiputra Cendana
Published: March 2023

Kemampuan berpikir kritis adalah potensi yang dimiliki manusia untuk memaksimalkan proses belajar. Pembelajaran yang bersifat abstrak penting dipahami siswa dengan cara memaksimalkan pola berpikir kritis. Hal ini menjadi tugas guru sebagai fasilitator untuk mendesain model pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan karakteristik siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satu sekolah di Lampung dan bertujuan untuk memaparkan penerapan model Think, Pair, and Share berbasis alat peraga untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Banyak siswa yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 24 orang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Seorang guru memiliki peran dan tanggung jawab dalam memfasilitasi siswa untuk memahami konsep dasar melalui pengembangan pola berpikir kritis. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model TPS berbasis alat peraga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Saran dari penulis yaitu guru dapat memodifikasi alat peraga dengan teknologi lain, dan penerapan model TPS bisa dilakukan lebih dari dua sesi pembelajaran untuk hasil yang maksimal.
Comparison of EMT Translator Competences to Those Demanded in the Market: A Case Study on Turkey
Authors: DURMUŞ Serap
Published: March 2023

This study aims to investigate translator competence desired in the Tur-kish market, and to compare them to the competences determined by the European Union in order to provide an insight regarding the employability of Turkish translators in the global market.The first section presents the notion of competence in general while the second section handles translator competence from various perspectives, with specific emphasis on competences suggested by the EU. Later on, the method for the analysis has been elaborated. Finally, the findings have been presented with graphics and then discussed. This study has been carried out utilising content analysis in order to identify the differences between the competences listed by EMT expert group (the EU) and those demanded in the market. The analysis has been performed manually since it was not possible to create codes suitable for computerised processing. The job advertisements posted on the well-known job-search engine, www.kariyer.net, between November and December 2021 were chosen as the data to be examined. The ads were retrieved via Beatifulsoup which is a Python library used for Web scraping. Then the retrieved ads were coded as per the competence criteria listed by the European Union. As a result of the research, it has been seen that the translator qualifications requested in the advertisements broadcast on the internet for the Turkish market do not meet most of the EMT competence criteria. Turkish translators may not be regarded employable in the global market in the event that they shape their career paths by based on the job ads for national market.
Müzik Alanındaki Uzaktan Eğitim Çalışmalarına Yönelik Genel Bir Literatür Değerlendirmesi
Authors: ALKAN Uğur
Published: March 2023

Yapılan araştırmalarda, müzik alanında gerçekleştirilmiş uzaktan eğitim çalışmalarına yönelik geniş kapsamlı sayılabilecek müstakil bir literatür değerlendirmesine rastlanmamıştır. Bu durum, makalenin ayrı bir önemde ele alınmasını sağlamıştır. Bu önem dahilinde olmak üzere araştırma özelinde belirli anahtar sözcükler ile -internet veri tabanlarında, kütüphane arşivlerinde ve dijital medya platformlarında- taramalar yapılmış; sonucunda ulaşılabilen kaynaklar ve bunların işaret ettiği ikincil kaynaklar tespit edilerek incelenmiştir. Nihayetinde değerlendirilmek üzere çalışma kapsamına dahil edilebilir bulunan 85 yazılı kaynak ve 15 dijital medya unsuru makalenin mevcut çalışma konusunu oluşturmuştur. Öyle ki 2020 yılı itibariyle müzik alanında yapılmış uzaktan eğitim çalışmalarında diğer yıllara oranla yüksek ivmeli bir artış olduğu gözlemlenmiş; bu çalışmaların da ilgili durum tespiti, uygulanabilirlik ve karşılaştırma üzerine kurgulandığı tespit edilmiştir.
Cemâleddîn Mehmet el-Münşî’nin “Nezîlü’t-Tenzîl” İsimli Tefsirinde Kelime ve Kavram Tahlil Metodu
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Ahmet Turan
Published: March 2023

Bir metni doğru anlamada o metinde geçen kelimelerin anlamlarının bi-linmesi öncelikli bir meseledir. Çünkü bir dilde en etkili ve güçlü birim keli-melerdir. Bu sebeple Kur’ân’ın insanlığa sunduğu mesajları anlamak için onda zikredilen kelime ve kavramların doğru anlaşılması büyük önem arz eder. Sahabe devrinden itibaren Kur’ân’da geçen kelimelerin manalarını anlama çabası başlamış, sonraki dönemlerde de bu çaba dilci ve müfessirler tarafından devam ettirilmiştir. Bunların sonucu olarak bu alanda birçok müstakil eser yazılmıştır. Bu makalede Osmanlı dönemi dilci müfessirlerinden Akhisarlı Cemâleddîn Mehmet el-Münşî’nin (ö.1000/1591) Nezîlü’t-Tenzîl isimli tefsirinde kelime ve kavram tahlilleri yaparken kullandığı metot incelenmiştir. Özellikle isim ve fiiller ile süreç içerinde kavramlaşan bazı kelimelerin tahlil yöntemi makalenin ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel kaynakları, Münşî’nin kaleme aldığı Nezîlü’t-Tenzîl isimli tefsir ile onun kelime tahlilinde müracaat ettiği dil ve tefsir kaynaklarıdır. Bunlara ilaveten günümüzde Kur’ân’daki kelime ve kavramları ele alan çalışmalara da müracaat edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, Kur’ân’daki kelime ve kavramlara anlam vermenin titiz bir çalışma neticesinde mümkün olacağı ve Münşî’nin sade ve anlaşılır bir üslûpla bu titiz çalışmayı tefsirinde uyguladığı kanaatine ulaşılmıştır.
Muhammed b. Ali es-Sabbân’ın Manzûmetu’s-Sabbân Adlı Eserinin Hadis Usûlü Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DOĞANAY Ramazan
Published: March 2023

Hicrî ikinci asırdan itibaren hadis usûlüne dair müstakil eserler yazılmış, fakat bunların büyük kısmı günümüze intikâl etmemiştir. Bize ulaşan en eski hadis usûlü eseri olarak Râmhürmüzî’nin (ö. 360/971) el-Muhaddisu’l-fâsıl’ı gösterilmektedir. Bu bakımdan Râmhürmüzî birinci dönüm noktası kabul edilmiştir. Ondan sonra bu alanda birçok eser telif edilmiştir. Bunlar arasında Hatîb (ö. 463/1071) ve İbnü’s-Salâh’ın (ö. 643/1245) çalışmaları birer dönüm noktası olması itibarıyle ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Hadis ilminde zikredilen mensûr eserlerin yanında, hicrî yedinci asırdan itibaren bazı manzûm eserler de telif edilmiştir. Hadis edebiyatındaki eserlerin büyük kısmı mensûr tarzda telif edilmiş, bir kısmı ise nazım hâlinde kaleme alınmıştır. İbn Ferah el-İşbilî’nin (ö. 699/1300) manzûmesi bu türün ilk örneği kabul edilmiş, onun çalışmasını el-Hüveyyi (ö. 693/1294), el-Irâkî (ö. 806/1404), el-Berşensî (ö. 808/1406) ve Suyûtî’nin (ö. 911/1506) Elfiyye’leri ile el-Fîrûzâbâdî (ö. 817/1415), eş-Şümunnî (ö. 821/1419), İbn Zekrî et-Tilimsânî (ö. 900/1494), Radiyüddîn el-Gazzî (ö. 935/1529) ve el-Beykûnî’nin (ö. 1080/1669) vecîz eserleri takip etmiştir. Hicrî yedinci asırla birlikte hadis usûlünü nazma dökme çalışmaları hızlanmıştır. Manzûm hadis usûlü eserlerinin ilk temsilcisi İbn Ferah el-İşbilî iken son temsilcileri arasında ise Muhammed b. Ali es-Sabbân bulunmaktadır. Bu eserlerden daha sonra telif edilen Sabbân’ın Manzûmetü’s-Sabbân adlı eseri, kendilerinden öncekilerin bir hülâsası olmasının yanı sıra İbn Ferah el-İşbilî’nin Garâmî sahîh’inin muârazasıdır. Bu sebeple hadis usûlüne dair önemli bir manzûme olan bu eserin muhtevâ ve hadis ilmi açısından tahlili önem arz etmektedir. Sabbân bu eserinde, el-İşbilî’nin yöntemini takip etmek suretiyle sahîh, hasen, zayıf gibi 44 hadis ıstılahını kullanarak aşk ve sevdaya dair manzûme yazmıştır. Bu çalışmada manzûm hadis usûlü eseri olan Manzûmetu’s-Sabbân adlı eserde yer alan hadis usûlü kavramları tespit edilmiş, lügat ve ıstılâh manaları açısından tahlil edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sahibi, mîlâdî 18. yüzyıl âlimlerinden Sabbân’dır. Sabbân daha çok dilciliğiyle ön plana çıkmış olsa da birtakım hadis usûlü kavramlarını kullanarak bir manzûme oluşturmuştur. Sabbân’ın Manzûmetu’s-Sabbân adlı hadis usûlü eserinin hadis ilmi açısından değerlendirilmesi yapılmış ve bu manzûmede yer verilen hadis usûlü kavramları tespit edilmiştir. Böylece Sabbân’ın hadis kavramlarının ıstılahi manası ile lügavî manası arasında nasıl bir ilişki kurduğu tetkik edilmiş ve söz konusu kavramların ıstılahi manalarıyla irtibat kurularak onun böyle bir üslupla eser yazma amacı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, Manzûmetu’s-Sabbân adlı eserde kullanılan hadis usûlü terimlerinin tespiti, ilgili kavramlar ile lügat manaları arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulması ve Sabbân’ın böyle bir yöntemle hadis usûlünü yazma amacının izahı ile sınırlandırılmıştır.
Göçmenlerde veya Dezavantajlı Gruplarda Sosyal Umut ve Sosyal Umudun Belirleyicileri: Ahıska Türkleri Üzerine Bir Alan Çalışması
Authors: KELEŞ Şerafettin , KAYA Burcu
Published: March 2023

Umut; olumlu beklentileri ifade etmek için kullanılmakta ve bireylerin öz-yeterlilik ve iyimserlik hali olarak ifade edilmektedir. Sosyal umut, bireylerin ait oldukları toplum ve grup içinde iyi ve anlamlı yaşam ve geleceğe dair sosyal hayaller ve kolektif vizyonlara dair beklentileri ve inancı ifade eder. Sosyal altsınıfların ve özellikle göçmen bireylerin geleceğe olan inanç ve umutlarını artırmada sosyal kaynaşma, sosyal sermaye ve ekonomik beklentiler önemli birer faktör durumundadır. Sosyal sermaye ve sosyal kaynaşma, etnik veya sınıfsal eşitsizliklerin azaltılması veya ortadan kaldırılmasında birer manivela görevi görebilmektedir. Çalışma, göçmenler ve diğer dezavantajlı grupların sosyal umutları ile sosyal sermayeleri, sosyal kaynaşmaları ve ekonomik beklentileri arasında ilişkiyi tespit etmeye çalışması nedeniyle nüfusunun %10’u kadar göçmen barındıran Türkiye açısından önemlidir. Çalışma bulguları; “Sosyal Sermaye (SS)” ile “Sosyal Umut (SU)” arasında pozitif yönde ve çok yüksek düzeyde (γ = 0,51; t = 6,30) ilintinin varlığını tespit etmiştir. Yine, “Sosyal Kaynaşma (SK)” ile “Sosyal Umut (SU)” arasında pozitif yönde ve çok yüksek düzeyde (γ = 0.86; t = 11,12) bir ilinti ve “Ekonomik Beklenti (EB)” ve “Sosyal Umut (SU)” arasında pozitif yönde ve çok yüksek düzeyde (γ = 0,84; t = 12,04) bir ilinti saptamıştır. Göçmenler veya dezavantajlı gruplar için sosyal umudun varlığı, toplum içinde daha iyi yaşam ve başarı vizyonlarına ulaşabilme fırsat ve imkânlarının varlığına işaret etmektedir.
The Taiwan Problem
Authors: Shawn Chuang Shaochi
Published: March 2023

Taiwan’s status as an independent country and how it is acknowledged by other nations is politically complex. While Taiwan has its own independent government and military, it is left out of the United Nations and must be referred to as Chinese Taipei in global events like the Olympics. Taiwan’s historically complicated relationship with the Republic of China (PRC) directly influences its foreign relations with national superpowers, like the United States, on how “strategically ambiguous” their allyship can be. This paper explores the crux of this strategic ambiguity—how the United States can refrain from committing to Taiwan’s defense while simultaneously maintaining diplomatic relations with both Taiwan and China. Furthermore, this paper will challenge how effective an approach of strategic ambiguity is as a long-term solution as well as propose moderate actions the United States can take ranging from a military and policy-driven standpoint to decrease the risk of global conflict.
China-Us Militarized Interstate Disputes (2001-2022): The Escalation Of The Great Power Rivalry
Authors: Van Vu Anh
Published: March 2023

Since the late 1990s, studying great power rivalry based on the approach from militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) has become increasingly prevalent. Also since the beginning of the 21st century, the competitive relationship between the US and China, the two leading great powers in Indo-Pacific, has become a focal point of studies in international relations. The escalation of the conflict is apparent in the economic realm and expanding into the security realm. To prove the increase of MIDs in China-US relations is to shed light on the escalation of this great power rivalry. It is argued in this article that the two sides have obviously engaged in a great power strategic rivalry since Obama’s adjustment of policy priority towards Asia-Pacific. Militarized disputes become increasingly frequent, displaying forces is the regular way the two leading great powers compete with each other, and the South China Sea and Taiwan Strait are the two points of tension.
Women’s Rights, Education And The Appearance Of Women In The Field Of Literature During The Tanzimat And Second Constitutional Period Of Ottoman Empire
Authors: Karadeniz Yagmur Sibel
Published: March 2023

This article uncovers women’s rights, education, and the appearance of women in the field of literature during the Tanzimat and Second Constitutional Period of Ottoman Empire in Turkiye and the contribution of several writers and women poets. Working with correspondence, institutional and Social Science Index, and Google scholar publications, I show how women were provided with educational opportunities, and what legal and social regulations were done for women to be seen in the field of literature during the Tanzimat and Second Constitutional periods. I argue the activities of Poets and writers like Namik Kemal, and Semsettin Sami and Women poets Makbule Lem’an Hanim, Yasar Nezihe Bukulmez, Nigar Hanim, Ihsan Raif Hanim, and Sukufe Nihal for women to be seen in the field of literature. This article concludes that during the Tanzimat and Second Constitutional periods, women’s liberation was experienced in all aspects of life. Women poets pioneered the beginning of women’s poetry.
Factors Affecting Residential Real Estate Investments of U.S. Individuals
Authors: Ji Xiaoxuan
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to study the causal relationships between earnings, age, number of kids, and education level of U.S. individuals in residential real estate investments. This empirical study analyzes a total of 421,911 observations based on the interview of indi- viduals from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). By employing the econometric techniques of binomial logit and probit models, multinomial logit model, and Tobit model on censored data, the results showed that most individuals in the U.S. are willing to invest in real estate. Interestingly, as the education level increases, people tend not to invest in real estate. However, with the increase in earnings, the number of kids, and age, people are more likely to invest in real estate.
The Impact of Flat-Water Container Color on Consumer Perceptions and Pleasures: an Empirical Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hamad Alazzaz Abdulaziz
Published: March 2023

The aim of this paper is to determine the consumers' perception and degree of "pleasantness" of flat water would be influenced by the colors (yellow, white, red, and green) of the container in which the water was served. The sensory marketing emphasizes the procedures of flat-water packaging when it is designing because it may influence consumers' perception, decision, judgment and pleasure. In the Saudi context, there is little gap exists in the state of knowledge to link how colorants of flat water impact consumer perceptions and pleasantness. An experimental design was employed to accomplish the set objectives of the present study in a particular context. A set of four colors was used to test each consumer pleasantness of flat water. The total participants were 75 students at undergraduate degree program level that divided into five groups. Each group was randomly selected to taste the flat-water containers in four colors in rotational orders. The variance proportion explained in ANOVA that determines the extent how the analysis is effective in explaining the variance of variables outcomes. A one-way repeated measure ANOVA revealed that consumers' perception of the measure of "pleasantness" to be significantly influenced by the container color in which the water was drunk. More specifically, the white color container water was rated the highest in pleasant scale as compared to the other colors. The finding of this study is consistent with previous similar research studies that were conducted in various contexts. This study has a significant social and economic implications in terms of consumer perception of colors and pleasantness that may instigate the corporate packaging designers, theorists and researchers.
Characterization and acute toxicity evaluation of the MgO Nanoparticles Synthesized from Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ocimum basilicum L
Authors: DEROUICHE Samir
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to prepare magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) using aqueous leave extract of Ocimum basilicum L. and to evaluate their acute toxicity. The characteristics of biosynthesized MgO powder was analyzed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The acute toxicity test of MgONPs was applied in Wistar albino rats with different concentration. Results showed that the broad bell-shaped spectrum band was obtained by UV–Vis spectroscopy indicates the formation of MgO. The SEM images provided further insight into the shape and size of MgO which to be ranging under 440 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy detected the vibration of the Mg─O bond that indicate the presence of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO). In this study, the toxicity test showed no mortality or behavioral change in low dose of MgNPs (250 mg / kg b.w) but we observed that 50% of rats have died when treated with high dose of MgNPs (500 mg/kg b.w.). This study confirmed that aqueous extract of Ocimum basilicum L. has potential properties as biocatalyst for the biosynthesis of MgONPs without any toxicity under dose 250 mg/kg in rats.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of Echinophora spinosa L. from Jijel, Algeria
Authors: Ghadbane Mouloud
Published: March 2023

In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Echinophora spinosa were investigated. Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts obtained from Echinophora spinosa was examined using the disc diffusion method. Antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts was examined using the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test. Methanol extract of ripe fruits of E. spinosa showed highest total phenolic content (69.17 ± 1.2 µg GAE/mg extract) and the major flavonoid contents (12.122 ± 0.44 µg QE/mg extract) was found in leaves of the plant. In disk diffusion antimicrobial assay, E. spinosa manifested broad spectrum of activity. The largest capacity to neutralize DPPH radicals was found for ripe fruits methanol extract of E. spinosa plant. The results shows that the various parts of E. spinosa  extracts promising antioxidant and antimicrobial activities have potential bioactivities due to high content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.
Ecodendrometric parameters of some medicinal plants in Aleppo pine forests of northern Sétif (Algeria)
Authors: Bounar Rabah
Published: March 2023

The ecodendrological study, on 35 plots were sampled in the Alep pine formation of the Ain Hamda Tizi N’bechar forest at the rate of one plot per station and in each plot a Phytoecological floristic survey was carried out. Concerning the species of the floral procession of the pine forest, there are 19 medicinal species, belonging to 13 families and 20 genera. This medicinal potential must be protected and preserved; it is in this context that this study is based on the knowledge of the factors which influence the distribution and the distribution of these species within the framework of a good rational management in support of the local and sustainable development of the local population through valuation.
Phytochemical study, nutritive value, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of phenolic extracts from desert plant Calligonum comosum L'Hér.
Authors: CHOUIKH Atef
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is to the estimation of the nutritive values, phytochemical study and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethyl acetate, tannins and crudes extracts from the aerial part of Calligonum comosum L’Hér. Which grow in South East of Algeria. According to the results obtained from the estimation of nutritive value, the plant is rich in proteins and lipids and very poor in carbohydrates. The results also showed a difference in the content of polyphenols and flavonoids. The crude extracts were high in polyphenols content in the ethanol extract 170.74±5.8 mg EAG/g Extract, and the best value of flavonoids in methanol extract 28.22±0.25 mg QE/g Extract. Chromatographic analysis by HPLC of methanolic extract has identified four phenolic compounds out of 38 peaks as: Gallic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid and Vanillic acid. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by three tests, the results of the DPPH• test, showed that methanol extract had the best scavenging than the other extracts (IC50: 2.09±0.02 μg/ml), But, in the hemolysis test, the values of the percentage of hemolysis were approximately the same at concentration 1 mg/ml between the extracts and standard used. In the reducing power test, its results showed that the tannins extract had the highest reducing power 79.17±5.22 μg/ml at Abs700nm=0.5. As for anti-inflammatory activity, the methanol and flavonoids phase ethyl acetate extracts showed the best inhibitory effect against protein denaturation compared to other extracts. The effects were estimated 3.14mg E Diclofenac/mg Extract.
Biological control by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
Authors: Bestami Merdia
Published: March 2023

Plant Growth Promoter Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is soil bacteria that can live on, in or around plant tissue and promote plant growth by many mechanisms that include a biological control of plant pathogens. Indeed, PGPRs have a protective effect through several modes of action such as antagonism, competition, production of hydrolytic enzymes and biofilm formation. Moreover, the use of PGPRs as biocontrol agents is very harmonious with the environment and therefore represents a good alternative to the use of chemicals in agriculture. This review is presented as a general bibliographical synthesis on the different aspects of PGPRs and their biocontrol potential.
Appréciation de la qualité technologique d’une collection de blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivée en Algérie
Authors: LAMARA Asma
Published: March 2023

The wheat quality requirements are diverse and depend on the wheat species cultivated, the expected end-use product and the environment in which it is produced. In this study, 34 bread wheat varieties were evaluated for several physico-chemical and rheological parameters including thousand-kernel weight, grain moisture content, grain protein content, wet and dry gluten contents, sedimentation Zeleny test value and Hagberg falling number. It was observed that the extreme min and max values vary depending on the genotype evaluated and the test used, suggesting the difficulty of grouping all the desirable characteristics in the same genetic background. The results also show that there was a positive correlation of the Zeleny sedimentation value with grain moisture content, protein content, wet and dry gluten at phenotypic and genotypic levels. This test can be used to predict the wheat technological quality during the milling process. Furthermore, this study offers to breeders’ valuable information which, in future breeding programs, can be used to develop high yielding and adapted genotypes, and appreciated by the rheological and technological quality of their end-use product.
Diversity and distribution patterns of reptiles in the northern Algerian Sahara (Oued Souf, Taibet and Touggourt)
Authors: MOUANE Aicha
Published: March 2023

The present study was based on the observations and captures of reptiles in the Northern Algerian Sahara (2011-2013). Thirty homogeneous stations, representing the principal landscape units and ecosystems, were investigated. The studied ecosystems were the erg (sand dunes), saline areas (Chott, Sebkha), reg, palm groves, and urban sites. We have identified 30 species (20 Saurians, 9 Ophidians and one Testudines). The inventory concerns 2 orders (Testudines and Squamata), 12 families and 22 genera. Among the identified species, seven were protected in Algeria, 5 species (Tarentola deserti, Tarentola neglecta, Trapelus tournevillei, Hemorrhois algirus and Natrix Maura) are endemic according to U.I.C.N. The number of species in the different IUCN Red List Categories shows that 28 are assessed as Least Concern, one specie is considered to be Data Deficient (Scincopus fasciatus) and One species is listed as near threatened (Uromastix acanthinurus). The species distribution according to the habitat types showed that he erg was the most populated ecosystem with the highest number of captured individuals (403 individuals). The highest species richness was noticed in the palm groves with 19 species as well as the Shannon diversity index (3.34). The evenness is at its highest in the saline and the urban site with 0.89 and 0.81. The correspondence factorial analysis showed that some species were characteristic of habitats such as Tarentola neglecta and T. deserti which are detected as a specific species of the urban sites and the palm groves, while Scincus was a specific species of the Erg. The generalized linear model showed that the geographic coordinates (altitude, longitude and latitude), the spatio-temporal factors (habitat type; climatic period) and human pressure have significant effects on the abundance variation of the studied reptiles.
Phenomenon of partial and total albinism in the Hybrid Sparrows Passer domesticus X Passer hispaniolensis in Algeria
Authors: CHEDAD Abdelwahab
Published: March 2023

The phenomenon of albinism is repeated several times in sparrows, where as of december 8, 2018, a case of a male sparrow was observed in the city of Metlili (Ghardaïa - South Algeria), with a remarkably whitish color. Another observation of three (03) cases of total albinism in young males observed in Algiers in June 2007, precisely in Bir Khadem (Algiers - Northern Algeria).
Maghreb Magpie Pica pica mauritanica winters in two oases, at the mouth of the Sahara at Aurès Mountains (Biskra and Batna, Algeria)
Authors: Bouletif Habib , CHEDAD Abdelwahab , Bendjedidi Amor
Published: March 2023

New data on wintering and range expansion of Maghreb magpie Pica pica mauritanica in two oases. The first record is in Biskra North, in one of the oases of El Kantara (January 2022) and the second observation is at the extreme south of the Aurès at Ghoufi (March 2019). These data represent the first mention of Maghreb magpie in this region at the mouth of the Sahara at Aurès Mountains (Biskra and Batna, Algeria).
Effect of water salinity stress on dates biometric and biochemical characteristics
Authors: Krid Keltoum
Published: March 2023

The problem of salinity of irrigation water in palm groves has led us to conduct this study based on the comparison of the quality of dates Deglet Nour and Ghars from two farming systems in the region of El-Oued according to the EC irrigation water. Salt stress in El'Ghout causes in both varieties a regression of biometric characteristics, pH, EC, water content and dry matter, while total sugars are high. The dates of the farm are more voluminous, less acidic, with high ash content, dry matter and high electrical conductivity. According to standards Algerian of date classification reveals that the characteristics of Deglet Nour dates of El'Ghout are more damaged by the salinity of the environment. The two varieties of the farm have better characteristics than those of El'Ghout. It also appears that the salinity of water improves the sugar content of dates
Relationship between biochemical properties of some date varieties and nutritional requirements of Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (1839)
Authors: Krid Keltoum , Djellabi Nesrine
Published: March 2023

Ectomyelois ceratoniae Z is one of the most dangerous insects in the world and Algerian phoeniciculture. The survival of this insect is based on the search for the appropriate dates varieties to its nutritional needs. In this paper, an experimental study was performed to determine these nutritional needs and the mechanisms to obtain them from dates. In this study, three susceptible varieties to the moth attack were chosen, the healthy and infested dates were separated to calculate on the one hand the attack rate and to carry out the qualitative analyzes. The results showed that the moth selects the appropriate dates to lay its eggs and feed the larvae based on the consistency of the dates and their high sucrose content. The content of the sucrose is reduced in attacked dates, resulting from their consumption after the enzymatic degradation by Invertase  for the synthesis of simpler sugars (fructose and glucose) to be easily used by the larvae. The more the medium is very acidic (infested dates), the more the degradation of sucrose is important. The total sugar is also necessary to produce sufficient energy for the biological activities of the moth (growth).The use of these organic elements by the larvae leads to a reduction in the weight of the date and increases its fragility.
A fortuitous encounter with the invasive gecko, Cyrtopodion scabrum (Heyden,1827) (squamata: Gekkonidae): A new locality of an in the province wilaya of Ouargla, south-east Algeria
Authors: MOUANE Aicha
Published: March 2023

The Rough Bent-toed Gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum (Heyden,1827) is one of the invasive species in Algeria and Northwestern Africa. where was it recorded in Algeria, from the east (Souf) and west (Ghardaïa) of north Sahara. In this note, another new locality of this species in the province wilaya of Ouargla, south-east Algeria. C. scabrum is medium-size adult may reach 4.5±0.8Cm of snout vent length and up to 9.5 ±2Cm total length.
Contribution to the knowledge of the Afrotropical Evonima Walker, 1865 generic complex with description of two new genera and two new species (Lepidoptera: Nolidae, Nolinae)
Authors: László Gy. M.
Published: March 2023

The generic assignment of the African taxa of the genus Evonima Walker, 1865 is revised. Based on diagnostic characters of the male genitalia structure, a new genus VansonimaLászló, gen. n. is erected for E. littoralis (van Son, 1933) and E. ruhija Hacker, 2012. A further new genus, LaetonimaLászló, gen. n. is established for two undescribed species reminiscent externally of Evonima, which are also described here as new to science: L. smithi László, sp. n. and L. camerunica László. sp. n. Consequently, E. westafricana Hacker, 2012 is the only known true Evonima species occurring in Africa. The female genitalia of E. westafricana is described and illustrated here for the first time. New distribution records of E. westafricana and V. littoralis abyssinica (Hacker, 2012) are provided together with 14 colour and 9 black and white figures.
First report of Ophiusa disjungens (Walker, 1858) on Acacia mangium Willd. (Fabaceae), and damage and notes of its biology on Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) commercial plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Authors: Raimon A. , Laksamana A. , Sinulingga N. G. H. B. , Ferlianda I. A. , Samosir M. N. , Pane S. B. , Kkadan S. K. , Tavares W. de S. , Tarigan M. , Duran A.
Published: March 2023

Acacia mangium Willd. (Fabaceae), Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. and Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden (Myrtaceae) are largely planted in Sumatra, Indonesia, where they are used as a raw material to produce commodities such as paper, pulp and viscose. Acacia and Eucalyptus are attacked by several species of defoliating Coleoptera and Lepidoptera in Sumatra. The objectives of this study were to report, for the first time, the guava moth, Ophiusa disjungens (Walker, 1858) on A. mangium, and damage and notes of its biology on Eucalyptus commercial plantations in Sumatra. Ophiusa disjungens on six- and seven-month-old A. mangium had an average of three larvae per tree in two commercial stands in Peranap Sector, Riau, Sumatra, on April 2018. The incidence of caterpillars and/or fresh damage (defoliation) of this pest on one-, three- to seven-, nine-, and 10-month old E. pellita and E. grandis ∞ E. pellita ranged 4.0–80.2% within 18 commercial stands in Sei Kebaro Sector, Riau, on April 2020. Caterpillars reared in a laboratory had period from pupa to adult (mean ± SD) of 25.5 ± 4.5 days. Ophiusa disjungens is reported for the first time on A. mangium, and incidence of its caterpillars and/or damage (defoliation) on Eucalyptus is up to 80.2% in Sumatra.
Sobre la biología, ecología y primeros estadios de Rhagades (Wiegelia) predotae (Naufock, 1930) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae)
Authors: Efetov K. A. , Tarmann G. M.
Published: March 2023

Se describe, por primera vez, el ciclo de vida completo de Rhagades (Wiegelia) predotae (Naufock, 1930). Se proporciona el AND-código de barras de esta especie. Se menciona la planta nutricia Prunus ramburii Boiss.
Descripción de Pima karatauensis Tsvetkov, sp. n. de Kazajistán (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitinae)
Authors: Tsvetkov E. V.
Published: March 2023

Se describe de la provincia de Turkestán de Kazajistán a Pima karatauensis Tsvetkov, sp. n.. Male and female genitalia of this species and also habitus of imago are illustrated. The description is based on material collected by the author in Karatau Mts. in 2019.
Nuevas aportaciones al conocimiento de los Geometridae y Noctuoidea de la Sierra del Taibilla y de la Reserva Natural de la Sierra de las Cabras (Albacete-Murcia, España) (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Guerrero J. J. , Rubio R. M. , Garre M. , Ortiz A. S.
Published: March 2023

Se actualiza el catálogo de los Geometridae y Noctuoidea de la Sierra del Taibilla y de la Reserva Natural de la Sierra de las Cabras (Albacete-Murcia, España). Se añaden 84 nuevos registros repartidos entre las familias Geometridae (47 especies), Euteliidae (1), Notodontidae (1), Erebidae (13), Nolidae (5) y Noctuidae (17). Se discute la eliminación o la reidentificación de determinados taxones que incrementan el catálogo faunístico hasta las 207 especies en la familia Geometridae y hasta las 329 especies en la superfamilia Noctuoidea, entre las que destacan las especies endémicas Charissa assoi (Redondo & Gastón, 1997), Idaea alicantaria (Reisser, 1963), Idaea dromikos Hausmann, 2004, Scopula concinnaria (Duponchel, 1842), Colostygia hilariata (Pinker, 1954) y Hadena exspectata Hacker, 1996. Así mismo, dieciocho especies son nuevas citas para la provincia de Albacete y cuatro para la Región de Murcia.
Descripción de cuatro nuevas especies y otras citas de interés para la fauna de Lepidoptera de España (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Gastón J. , Vives Moreno A.
Published: March 2023

Se describen cuatro nuevas especies descubiertas en España: Agnoea (Agnoea) revillai Gastón & Vives, sp. n., Symmoca requenai Gastón & Vives, sp. n., Symmoca redondoi Gastón & Vives, sp. n. y Megacraspedus carolustertius Gastón & Vives, sp. n. Se introduce un cambio taxonómico con Symmoca degregorioi Requena, 2007, que es una sinonimia nueva de Symmoca nigromaculella Ragonot, 1875. Symmoca revoluta Gozmány, 1985 se cita por primera vez para España. También se cita por primera vez para España y para Europa la especie Mirificarma scissella (Chrétien, 1915). Se describen las hembras de Agnoea (Agnoea) xanthosoma (Rebel, 1900) y Symmoca senora Gozmány, 1977. Se presentan fotografías de los adultos y de su genitalia.
Review of the Genus Orygocera Walsingham, 1897 from the Mascarenes with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae, Stenomatinae)
Authors: Bippus M.
Published: March 2023

The species of the genus Orygocera Walsingham, 1897 in the Mascarene islands are reviewed. One new species Orygocera albanix Bippus, sp. n. is described. One subspecies, Orygocera amphitricha reunionensis Viette, 1991 is found to be a junior synonym of the nominal species Orygocera amphitricha amphitricha (Meyrick, 1910). Hostplants are recorded for one species and larval stages are illustrated for the first time of this genus.
Estudio preliminar de los Macroheterocera del Parque Natural Sierra María-Los Vélez (Almería, España) (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Garre M. , Rubio R. M. , Guerrero J. J. , Ortiz A. S.
Published: March 2023

Se han identificado, hasta el momento, 70 especies pertenecientes a las familias Cossidae, Limacodidae, Lasiocampidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Drepanidae, Notodontidae, Nolidae y Erebidae en el Parque Natural Sierra María-Los Vélez (Almería, España). Los elementos de distribución mediterránea son mayoritarios (65,7%) e incluyen 3 endemismos ibéricos. El corotipo euroasiático está relativamente bien representado con un 17,1%. Las estrategias fenológicas de las especies son principalmente bivoltina (48,6%) y univoltina (45,7%) frente a la polivoltina del resto de especies (5,7%). Los taxones que se citan por primera vez en la provincia de Almería son 20 especies.
Las especies brasileñas del género Eustema Schaus, 1901, con la descripción de un género y una especie nuevos (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae, Heterocampinae)
Authors: Becker Vitor O.
Published: March 2023

Tres especies de Eustema Schaus, 1901 se registran para Brazil: E. argentata Becker, sp. n., E. dara (Druce, 1894) y E. opaca Schaus, 1921; E. rapana Jones, 1908, originalmente asociada con este género, no es congenérica con las demás especies, se propone un nuevo género, Rapanodonta Becker, gen. n., para incluirla. Eustema sericea Schaus, 1910, es una nueva sinonimia de Eustema dará (Druce, 1894). Las orugas de E. dara y E. opaca se alimentan de las hojas de Roupala montana . Grevillea sp. (Proteaceae).
First results of computerized adaptive testing for an online physics test
Authors: Müller Ute , Huelmann Thorben , Haustermann Michael , Hamann Fabian , Bender Esther , Sitzmann Daniel
Published: March 2023

Tests are an essential tool to assess students’ ability. In online education these tests are mostly of static nature with the same items for each student. In contrast computerized adaptive testing concepts take into account the information about the test user automatically collected in an online test. The aim is a comparably precise test result with fewer test items (questions). An implementation of such a computerized adaptive test (CAT) is presented here. The adaptation process is based on the precise knowledge of the item parameters, e.g. difficulty, in the item pool. An estimation of the knowledge level of the test user has to be performed in real time after each answer. With this information the next item can be selected accordingly. This leads to a highly individualized test for each test user. For all items the parameters were determined with methods of the item response theory (IRT) in the framework of the probabilistic test theory. For that real test results of former first year students in engineering science had been analyzed. The prototype of such a CAT has been developed. It focusses on a physics test for prospective students in the STEM fields. In fall 2021 the pilot phase was conducted with first year students in engineering science. The CAT shows that the same precision can be achieved with a mean of 9.3 items compared to 12 in the static test. The acceptance among the students is high. The correlation between the static test and the CAT is satisfactory.
Armchair Methods in Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Hill Christopher S. ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: March 2023

Jaegwon Kim relied principally on armchair methods in approaching problems in philosophy of mind. This paper is concerned with the nature of such methods and their prospects of success. Identifying the main armchair methods as introspection, modal reasoning involving conceivability tests, and conceptual analysis, the paper argues that insofar as the first two members of this trio aim to reveal the constitutive metaphysical natures of mental states, they are unable to reach their objective. In contrast, it defends conceptual analysis, arguing that Quine’s attempt to discredit it fails. More specifically, it maintains that a certain form of conceptual role semantics is immune to Quine’s strictures against meaning, and that this conception of meaning allows room for armchair discoveries about the meanings of our words (though it has no tendency to provide access to deep facts about the constitutive metaphysical natures of extralinguistic entities).
Causal Exclusion and Grounding
Authors: Pineda-Oliva David ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: March 2023

In this contribution, I critically discuss the thesis, advanced by some recent writers, that nonreductive physicalists can solve the problem of causal exclusion by resorting to the metaphysical notion of grounding. After discussing the many problems confronted by very recent versions of this proposal, I conclude that a version of Nonreductive Physicalism framed in terms of a notion of realization of properties is in a better position than Grounding Physicalism in order to successfully deal with a notoriously complex metaphysical issue such as the causal exclusion problem.
Hubungan antara Hukum Upacara Hukum Taurat Tuhan dan Kasih Karunia
Authors: Joshua Diets  , Juwinner Dedy Kasingku
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to explain that law is the foundation that keeps humans on the right path. With the law, humans can live in peace and order. With the existence of law, humans can also see the true character of God, which is love. Grace is a gift God gives to humans that is not worthy for humans to receive. Jesus Christ is proof of that grace. The purpose of this study is to explain to the readers the differences between the two laws, namely the ceremonial law and the Torah law, because many people think that the law is no longer valid. This study uses a qualitative research method with a literature study approach where researchers use various literature to compare one quote with another to support this research. The results of this study state that God has never abolished His commands forever. He is a God who is consistent and never changes. If we see one verse as if it contradicts another, we haven't studied the Bible seriously. We should not just conclude from one verse. We have to compare one poem with another poem. Let the Bible explain itself.
Effect of material on efficiency in alternators used in wind energy
Authors: Yılmaz Kadir , Dindar Taner
Published: March 2023

It is seen that the use of wind energy as a renewable energy source in the world has increased recently. In addition to this, power plants are established for the production of high power electricity and the energy produced is given to the grid. However, in a region far from the urban area, electrical energy can be produced at small power levels. Radial flux permanent magnet alternators are the most widely used to generate electrical energy at small powers. Therefore, in this study, the effect on the efficiency of the materials used in radial flux permanent magnet alternators was investigated. Time savings can be achieved by analyzing the alternators used for the energy to be produced. The analyzes taken from the program contribute to the studies and may cause small deviations in real applications. In our study, considering the B-H characteristics of ferromagnetic materials, the effects of variable stator, rotor and magnet materials on the output performance were examined and comparisons were made by choosing the configuration with the best efficiency as a result of the optimization made. According to the graphical results obtained, time and cost savings were achieved.
The effect of salinity and temperature on the uptake of cadmium and zinc by the common blue mussel, Mytilus edulis with some notes on their survival
Authors: Ali M. , Taylor A.
Published: March 2023

This study has investigated the effect of salinity and temperature on the rates of uptake of Cd and Zn by the blue mussel Mytilus edulis under laboratory conditions. Exposure of mussels to concentrations of 2 ppm resulted in an almost linear increase in the concentration of Cd and Zn throughout 14 days of exposure. Only the whole soft tissue of each mussel was frozen, freeze-dried and acid-digested before measuring the level of contamination by the spectrophotometer. Zn uptake was interrupted by elimination periods at high salinity. The uptake of Cd by M. edulis was at its maximum at low salinity and high temperature while at high salinity, temperature did not significantly affect the rate of uptake. Salinity had a significant effect on Zn uptake with the rate of uptake being higher at low salinity. Mortalities of mussels exposed to Cd and Zn along with controls were only observed at low salinity.