bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eksklusivisme dan Radikalisme dalam Kitab Ezra
Authors: Awijaya Agetta Putri
Published: June 2020

Kisah perjalanan Israel dalam kitab Ezra menyediakan pemaparan mengenai bagaimana eksklusivisme dan radikalisme dapat tumbuh dalam diri kelompok Israel yang kembali dari tanah pembuangan bersama Ezra. Dengan memberi perhatian pada dinamika sosial dan politik yang melatarbelakangi penulisan kitab ini, pembaca akan menemukan bagaimana situasi yang terjadi saat itu memunculkan persoalan terkait identitas dalam diri kelompok Ezra dan pada akhirnya mengubah kelompok tersebut menjadi eksklusif dan radikal. Artikel ini berisi penggalian konteks sosial dan politik kitab Ezra, serta kritik terhadap sudut pandang penulis kitab ini. Penggalian tersebut bertujuan untuk menemukan bagaimana eksklusivisme dan radikalisme dapat lahir dalam periode pascapembuangan. Melalui pembacaan kritis ini, pembaca, khususnya orang-orang Kristen di Indonesia dapat melihat bagaimana benih-benih eksklusivisme dan radikalisme tumbuh dalam suatu kelompok tertentu dan bagaimana mencegah benih-benih tersebut menyebabkan konflik demi mempertahankan kesatuan dalam keberagaman di Indonesia [cf. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika].
Re-envisioning the School Day: Integrating Mathematics, Science, and Reading through Students’ Engagement with Practices
Authors:   North Carolina State University, Walkowiak Temple A. , Minogue James , Harrington Ann D. , Edgington Cynthia P.
Published: June 2020

In this article, we propose an alternative to traditional content integration that has resulted in our preservice elementary teacher candidates designing lessons centered on developing focused practices throughout a re-envisioned school day. We first present connections among the practices outlined in mathematics, science, and reading standards; the complementary nature of the practices creates a conceptual thread that weaves through and helps unite content across disciplines. Then, we outline the project that our teacher candidates complete and describe resulting examples of their work. We conclude by presenting suggestions for educators and other leaders who are interested in utilizing this lesson planning approach in their own settings. If the targeted set of related practices are selected and leveraged thoughtfully, they lend much-needed coherence to the work that students do in a given school day.
Developing Advocacy in Teacher Leadership
Authors: Warren Louis L.
Published: June 2020

A pilot program was developed for middle school (grades 6-8) educators and students to apply NASA real-world problems to classroom concepts as part of NASA Langley Research Center’s (LaRC) Centennial Celebration through the use of digital badges. Three sets of digital badges were developed on three of NASA’s main missions: Earth Science, Aeronautics, and Journey to Mars. Each digital badge offers a total of 5 hours of professional development for educators and 2 hours of activities for students. These digital badges have introduced educators to NASA Langley Research Center’s missions and 100thanniversary. Online discussion sessions, a requirement for these badges, has attracted educators new to the digital badge concepts. The LaRC Centennial badges provide a forum through which educators can learn about this new format of professional development. Educators report that these badges are worth their time and effort as part of their professional development. LaRC looks forward to building new badges in the future to expand beyond middle school across the K-12 continuum.
NASA STEM Digital Badges for Educators and Their Students: A Pilot Program Bringing STEM into Middle Schools using NASA Langley Research Center’s Centennial Celebration
Authors: Colon Robles Marile , Thrash Marjorie , Walker Candace , Brush Kimberly M.
Published: June 2020

A pilot program was developed for middle school (grades 6-8) educators and students to apply NASA real-world problems to classroom concepts as part of NASA Langley Research Center’s (LaRC) Centennial Celebration through the use of digital badges. Three sets of digital badges were developed on three of NASA’s main missions: Earth Science, Aeronautics, and Journey to Mars. Each digital badge offers a total of 5 hours of professional development for educators and 2 hours of activities for students. These digital badges have introduced educators to NASA Langley Research Center’s missions and 100thanniversary. Online discussion sessions, a requirement for these badges, has attracted educators new to the digital badge concepts. The LaRC Centennial badges provide a forum through which educators can learn about this new format of professional development. Educators report that these badges are worth their time and effort as part of their professional development. LaRC looks forward to building new badges in the future to expand beyond middle school across the K-12 continuum.
Effects of Thermal Treatment Processes (TTP) on the Tensile Properties of 0.165% Carbon Steel
Authors: Shuaib-Babata Yusuf , Adewuyi Reuben Adebare
Published: June 2020

In practice, welded low carbon steels do fail at the welded joints in use, thus leading to structural defects, material wastages, structural failure, and at times loss of lives, among others. This has been a great concern to practicing Engineers and Researchers. This study tends to proffer solution to this problem of concern through application of post welded thermal treatments. The welded samples were subjected to some post-weld thermal-treatment (TTP) operations such as normalizing, annealing and quench-hardening using different quenching media (Water, Palm oil, Quartz 5000 Total Engine oil, and Ground nut oil). The Tensile properties of the steel (such as tensile stress, tensile strain, and toughness) were determined before and after welding operations. At yield points, the thermal treatment processes adversely affected the strength of the welded steel. Meanwhile, normalizing and annealing processes enhanced the steel’s ductility and toughness, while quench-hardening process, irrespective of medium of quenching used reduced the steel toughness value. The toughness of the welded steel at the fracture point was also reduced through all the adopted thermal processes, except for normalizing process. The steel ultimate tensile stress and strain and its toughness values were equally reduced after TTP. Improvement of the properties of welded low carbon steel and the reduction of mechanical hazard were achieved through effective TTP. Thus, a better tensile property of welded low carbon steel was elicited by post-weld normalizing and annealing operations. Hence, butt-welded annealed and normalized low carbon steel specimens tend to be more resilient to failures at welded joints.
Cybercrimes in Nigeria: Analysis, Detection and Prevention
Authors: Omodunbi Bolaji , Odiase Precious , Olaniyan Olatayo , Esan Adebimpe
Published: June 2020

Over the years, the alarming growth of the internet and its wide acceptance has led to increase in security threats. In Nigeria today, several internet assisted crimes known as cybercrimes are committed daily in various forms such as fraudulent electronic mails, pornography, identity theft, hacking, cyber harassment, spamming, Automated Teller Machine spoofing, piracy and phishing. Cybercrime is a threat against various institutions and people who are connected to the internet either through their computers or mobile technologies. The exponential increase of this crime in the society has become a strong issue that should not be overlooked. The impact of this kind of crime can be felt on the lives, economy and international reputation of a nation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the prominent cybercrimes carried out in the various sectorsin Nigeria and presents a brief analysis of cybercrimes in tertiary institutions in Ekiti-State. In conclusion, detection and prevention techniques are highlighted in order to combat cybercrimes in Nigeria.
Development of a Multipurpose Solar Dryer
Authors: Adetan Dare Aderibigbe , Oladejo Kolawole Adesola , Obayopo Surajudeen
Published: June 2020

In many parts of the world there is a growing awareness that renewable energy has an important role to play in extending technology to the farmers in developing countries to increase their productivity. Solar thermal technology is rapidly gaining acceptance as an energy saving technology in agriculture application. This article presents the design, construction and performance evaluation of a solar dryer for food preservation. In the dryer, heated air from a separate solar collector is passed through beds of grains. The design of the dryer makes provision for the attachment of additional mirrors on two opposite sides of the solar collection chamber. Overall, the dryer is of simple design, cost effective, and made from affordable available materials and require little or no skills for its fabrication and operation. The results obtained fromtests carried out on the dryer revealed that the temperatures inside the drying chamber and the solar collector were highest when the side mirrors were at 45o to the vertical, giving optimum performance under various experimental conditions.
Determination of Shelf Life of Selected Sachet Water in Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria
Authors: Olaniyan Olatunji Sunday , Adeyemi S Adewale , Adeleke Waheed O
Published: June 2020

Water is life and every living thing depends on it for existence. Sachet water has gradually become the most widely consumed liquid in Nigeria with varying qualities. This study investigates the temporal variation in water quality of Sachet water produced in Ogbomoso, Oyo State. Ten (10) brands of sachet water from Ogbomoso South and North Local government area were collected within 24 hours of production and stored at standard room temperature and conditions. Sub-samples were drawn from the stock samples on daily basis for physico-chemical measurements on the water samples Temperature, pH, colour, turbidity, Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Nitrate values were determined in accordance with World Health Organization (W.H.O) analytical methods. Temperature, pH and Colour values ranged from (28.3 - 30.5) ̊C, (7.96 - 8.80) and (20-70) Hazen, respectively. The Total hardness EC and DO and BOD values varied from (45-105)mg/l, (11 - 184)µs, (2.83 - 12.24)mg/L and (18.2 - 28.4)mg/l, respectively. Shelf life for the selected sachet water in Ogbomoso is 12 weeks from the date of production under laboratory condition with partial exposure to sunlight.
Crack Mechanism of Different Concrete Grades under Compressive Loading: Application in Rigid Pavement
Authors: Oyedepo Joseph O , Dada Temitope , Aladegboye Segun , Adeniji Akintayo
Published: June 2020

The growth of cracks in concretes under different loadings in various structures and their consequent diminishing effect on the lifespan of structures is an age long structural problem. This research investigates the influence of compressive loading on the crack mechanism of different concrete grades 1: 1  : 3 (M20), 1: 2: 4 (M15) and 1: 3: 6 (M10) using three brands of cements available in Nigeria namely Dangote (Type A), Elephant (Type B) and Bua (Type C). Particle Size Distribution (PSD), Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV), Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) was carried out on aggregates in accordance with relevant codes while; compressive test were performed on the hardened concrete while, the crack width was measured using microscopic technique. A Coefficient of uniformity (Cu) of 4.00, AIV of 46 % and an ACV of 47.7 % were obtained for the aggregate which are suitable for rigid pavements construction. Maximum compressive strength value of 24.96 N/mm2, 24.67 N/mm2 and 24.89 N/mm2 respectively was obtained for concrete M20 for Type A, Type B and Type C cement at the 28 day.  A corresponding crack width of 0.97 mm, 0.89 mm and 0.93 mm was obtained while; a yield period of 57.66 sec, 58.33 sec and 53.33 was obtained respectively. Comparing with the International Organization for Standardization, concrete grade M20 any of the cement types is suitable for the construction of rigid pavements with heavy traffic volume while M15 is recommended for low traffic volume.
Effect of Chromium on Grain Refinement of LM11 Aluminium Alloy Sand Castings
Authors: Agboola Joseph B , Khan Reyaz H , Ubokwe Samson O
Published: June 2020

Effect of chromium on grain refinement of LM11 aluminium alloy sand castings was investigated. Three sets of aluminium alloy with different chromium content and one chromium free as reference were produced in 100 kg electric resistance furnace. Chromium addition was increased up to 0.23%.  Mechanical properties and microstructure of the alloys were determined using standard methods.  The grain refined castings gave higher mechanical properties than the non–grain refined casting.  Casting with 0.20% chromium gave the highest mechanical Properties. Castings refined with chromium showed higher hardness and Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values of 57 HB and 229 MPa than those refined with titanium which showed 54 HB and 220 MPa respectively. Chromium can be a good substitute for titanium as a grain refining material, when introduced at optimum quantity into Aluminium alloy-LM11 sand casting.
Thermal Performance of Improved Charcoal Stove as A Clean Development Mechanism Project – A Case Study of Bauchi
Authors: Adeyemi Kafayat , Lawal Nasiru , Asere Abraham
Published: June 2020

Improved cook stoves (ICS) are known to ensure efficiency in the use of traditional fuels, reduce smoke emission and associated health hazards during cooking and reduce cooking time. Another benefit of ICS is in mitigating the effects of climate change. This paper presents the thermal performance and achievable emission reductions by ICS for daily cooking in households aroundBauchi.It  evaluatesan ICS using the International Workshop Agreement (IWA) which rates cook stoves on four indicators (Indoor emission, total emission, efficiency/fuel use and safety) each indicator is rated along five tiers (0: lowest performing to 4: highest performing).The evaluation focused on efficiency/fuel use. The benchmark values for thermal efficiency, fuel use and energy use are 35%, 0.310kg and 7928kJ.This shows that the ICS offers modest improvements in fuel use and it is rated as a tier 3 ICS. A carbon savings of can be achieved on an annual basis assuming all rural and urban households in Bauchi employ ICS for their daily cooking.
A Review of the state-of-the-art Ubiquitous Multimedia Sensor Networks
Authors: Okwor Candidus O , Okomba Nnamdi S , Okoli Gabriel C , Odiase Precious O , Esan Adebimpe O
Published: June 2020

The recent rise in the demand to incorporate multimedia contents such as audio/video and still images over Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has led to the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). Thus several new applications have arisen such as e-Health, environmental monitoring, video surveillance, automated transport systems, traffic control, smart cities and smart grids, home automation etc. The International Telecommunications Unit (ITU) recommendation Section for Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) presents the requirements for a platform to numerous number of life services and applications. This envisions a system that will connect all devices on the network ubiquitously with collaborative efforts of many small wireless multimedia and scalar sensors to heterogeneously provide a smart web. This requirement has thrown several new challenges to wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we have given a comprehensive discussion of the Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSNs) and Ubiquitous Sensor Networks (USNs) architectures and outlined their design challenges. The paper will give the reader a clear view of the researches that are ongoing in multimedia systems ubiquitous sensor networks, and shed the light on the current challenges and future trends. We also hope it will foster discussions and new research ideas among its researchers
Bingöl Koşullarında Karabuğday Çeşitlerinde Ekim Zamanının Ot Verimi ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: ALKAY Remziye , KÖKTEN Kağan
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma; Bingöl koşullarında karabuğday çeşitlerinde farklı ekim zamanlarının ot verimi ve kalitesine etkisinin belirlemesi amacıyla, 2018 yılında Bingöl Üniversitesi Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Alanında yürütülmüştür. Denemede bitkisel materyal olarak Aktaş ve Güneş çeşitleri kullanılmış ve tesadüf blokları faktöriyel deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, karabuğday çeşitlerinde dört farklı ekim zamanı (25 Nisan, 5 Mayıs, 15 Mayıs ve 25 Mayıs) olacak şekilde ekim yapılmıştır. İncelenen özellikler arasında; yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi, ham protein oranı, ham protein verimi, Asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF), Nötr deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF), Sindirilebilir Kuru Madde (SKM), Kuru Madde Tüketimi (KMT) ve Nispi Yem Değeri (NYD) değerlerinin p≤0,01 düzeyinde çok önemli olduğu gözlenmiştir. Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlarda; yeşil ot veriminin 269,75-410,00 kg da-1, kuru ot veriminin 100,21-142,30 kg da-1, ham protein oranının %8,76- 9,88, ham protein veriminin 8,90-12,70 kg da-1, ADF oranının %40,19-42,04, NDF oranının %43,51-45,11, SKM oranının %56,15-57,59, KMT oranının %2,66-2,77 ve NYD’nin 118,84-123,12 arasında değişim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Bingöl ilinde yapılacak karabuğday ekimlerinin Nisan ayının son haftasında yapılması ve mevcut iki çeşit arasında da Güneş çeşidinin tercih edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Farklı Akım Koşullarına Sahip Açık Kanal Akımının Sayısal Modellemesi
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Oğuz
Published: June 2020

Açık kanallar, ihtiyaç duyulan suyun kaynaktan istenilen yere iletilmek için kullanılan hidrolik yapılardır. Suyun aktarılması sırasında meydana gelen kayıpların giderilmesi ve suyun hareketinin doğru analiz edilmesi, açık kanalların verimliliğini arttıracaktır. Bu çalışmada, farklı kapak açıklığı, taban eğimi ve akım durumlarında meydana gelen açık kanal akımının su yüzü profilleri sayısal olarak modellenmiştir. Sayısal modellemede, süreklilik ve momentum eşitlikleri, sonlu hacimler yöntemiyle ANSYS-Fluent programı yardımıyla çözülmüştür. Türbülans viskozitesinin sayısal modellemesinde Reynolds Ortalamalı Navier Stokes (RANS) tabanlı Re-normalization Group k-ε (RNG) türbülans modeli, su hava ara kesitinin belirlenmesinde ise akışkan hacimleri yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sayısal su yüzü profilleri, literatürde bulunan deneysel sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma sonucunda, sayısal olarak elde edilen su yüzü profillerinin, deneysel profillerle oldukça uyumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, sayısal olarak elde edilen akım çizgileri ve türbülans kinetik enerji dağılımları değerlendirilmiştir. Farklı akım durumunda oluşan vena kontratta noktasının özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Sayısal modellemenin farklı akım özelliklerine sahip açık kanal akımlarının su yüzü profillerini belirlemede başarılı olduğu görülmüştür.
Qualidade no jornalismo, democracia e ética (II)
Authors: Bertasso Daiane , Silva Terezinha
Published: June 2020

Editorial da revista Estudos em Jornalismo e Mídia, V. 17, n.01, 2020.
A ética jornalística de Mario Magalhães na produção da biografia de Marighella
Authors: Gadini Sérgio Luiz , Adam Felipe
Published: June 2020

As publicações editoriais biográficas assinadas por jornalistas se tornaram mais um meio de trabalho para jornalistas escritores. Dados da Câmara Brasileira do Livro, Sindicato Nacional dos Editores de Livros e Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas, indicam que as biografias apresentaram um crescimento de 11,14% na produção de livros em 2017, em relação a 2016. O presente trabalho discute a questão ética na escrita biográfica do jornalista Mário Magalhães em Marighella: O guerrilheiro que incendiou o mundo (2012). A partir da leitura de Cornu (1994), Guerra (2008), Gauthier (2015), Miguel e Biroli (2010) e Vieira (2015), o estudo aponta que o gênero biográfico é uma grande reportagem e, por isso, são observados elementos éticos inerentes ao texto jornalístico como a verdade, transparência, liberdade. Além disso, a obra analisada propõe uma ressignificação diante do biografado: de um personagem esquecido a um protagonista da resistência no período da ditadura militar brasileira.
O cinegrafista Buster Keaton: cinema e jornalismo como espetáculo em O homem das novidades
Authors: Bulhões Marcelo Magalhães
Published: June 2020

Este artigo tem o propósito analisar o filme The Cameraman (1928), dirigido por Edward Sedgwick e protagonizado por Buster Keaton, tomando-o como ponto de reflexão sobre o jornalismo como espetáculo midiático. Com atinência ao contexto histórico-cultural em que o filme foi produzido e lançado – o fim do cinema mudo –, busca-se demonstrar, por meio de análise de procedimentos narrativo-cinematográficos, de que maneira a ocorrência metacinematofráfica em The Cameraman desvela os mecanismos cinejornalísticos nos quais o repórter-cinegrafista participa ativamente da construção do acontecimento jornalístico convertido em imagens “documentais” na versão de newsreel. De modo desconcertante, a configuração cinematográfica em The Cameraman articula o motivo temático do boy meets girl ao percurso ascendente do protagonista-repórter no campo do jornalismo como expressão da modernidade, em que ele atua à maneira de um diretor cinematográfico e passa a ser personagem da própria narrativa jornalística.
Os leitores como comunidade discursiva
Authors: Benetti Marcia
Published: June 2020

Os espaços de comentários dos veículos jornalísticos configuram ambientes complexos nos quais a prática da escrita dá ao leitor um lugar de enunciação e constrói uma audiência ativa. Este artigo apresenta os leitores como sujeitos que constituem comunidades discursivas no jornalismo contemporâneo e desenvolve as características do comentário do leitor como um gênero discursivo. Para compreender o funcionamento de uma comunidade, observa-se o discurso dos leitores do jornal Folha de S. Paulo no Instagram, demonstrando a interação desses sujeitos e propondo as características que estabelecem uma comunidade discursiva.
Bangladesh
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to severely affect the Bangladeshi economy. Remittance inflows have already started to decline in March. Exports also declined sharply in April with cancellation of several billion USD orders for the Ready-Made Garment industry. As a result, an immediate external financing gap of about USD 2.9 billion has emerged along a fiscal financing gap of about USD 2.8 billion.
The Bahamas
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: June 2020

The Bahamas faces an unprecedented crisis as it battles the fallout from two consecutive large shocks. It was just recovering from the widespread destruction caused by Hurricane Dorian in the fall of 2019, when the COVID-19 pandemic led to a sudden stop in tourism, creating large fiscal and external financing needs. The authorities’ policy response to the pandemic has been timely, but limited fiscal space constrains the ability to pursue a deeper emergency response.
Barbados
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: June 2020

Recent Developments and Outlook. Barbados has continued to make good progress in implementing its Economic Recovery and Transformation (BERT) plan to restore fiscal and debt sustainability, rebuild reserves, and increase growth—but now faces a major challenge owing to the global coronavirus pandemic. Since May 2018, international reserves have recovered, helping rebuild confidence in the country’s macroeconomic framework. This has helped rebuild confidence in the country’s macroeconomic framework, though reserves are expected to be negatively impacted by the crisis in the months ahead. The completion of the external debt restructuring in December 2019 has reduced economic uncertainty, and the agreed terms with creditors have put public debt on a clear downward trajectory. On December 11, 2019, Standard and Poor’s upgraded Barbados’ foreign currency sovereign credit rating from Selective Default to B-. However, prospects for 2020 have deteriorated significantly owing to the global pandemic, and risks to the outlook are now very high and tilted to the downside.
Governance system of the American Medical Association
Authors: Lee Jung Chan
Published: June 2020

This study aims to provide essential information to improve the organizational system of the Korean Medical Association (KMA) by reviewing the organizational structure and decision making process of the American Medical Association (AMA). This study investigated the composition and the roles and responsibilities of the AMA—the House of Delegates, the Board of Trustees, Councils, and Sections. It also reviewed the duties and privileges of the AMA officers. The AMA establishes policies through meetings with delegates who represent the diverse characteristics of its members through the House of Delegates. In addition, Council experts from various fields under the Board of Trustees create policy alternatives. These are aggregated into the AMA policy. To recognize the KMA as the best group of medical professionals, both the organizational structure and the decision-making process of the KMA must be established in order to maintain a consistent policy.
Aerosol-induced high precipitation events near the Himalayan foothills
Authors: Choudhury Goutam , Tyagi Bhishma , Vissa Naresh Krishna , Singh Jyotsna , Sarangi Chandan , Tripathi Sachchida Nand , Tesche Matthias
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Particulate emissions can alter the physical and dynamical properties of cloud systems and in turn amplify rainfall events over orographic regions downwind of highly polluted urban areas. The Indo-Gangetic Plains, one of the most polluted regions of the world, is located upwind of Himalayan foothills. The region, therefore, provides an opportunity for studying how aerosol effects in connection with orographic forcing affect extreme rainfall events. This study uses 17-years (2001–2017) of observed rain rate, aerosol optical depth (AOD), meteorological re-analysis fields, and outgoing longwave radiation to investigate high precipitation events at the foothills of the Himalayas. Composite analysis of all these collocated datasets for high precipitation events (daily rainfall > 95 percentile) is done to understand the inherent dynamics and linkages between AOD and extreme events. Clear and robust associations are found between high precipitation events, high aerosol loading and high moist static energy values. This finding highlights the crucial role of the aerosol direct radiative effect on high precipitation events over the Himalayan region.
Photophoretic spectroscopy in atmospheric chemistry – high-sensitivity measurements of light absorption by a single particle
Authors: Bluvshtein Nir , Krieger Ulrich K. , Peter Thomas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Light-absorbing organic atmospheric particles, termed
brown carbon, undergo chemical and photochemical aging processes during
their lifetime in the atmosphere. The role these particles play in the
global radiative balance and in the climate system is still uncertain. To
better quantify their radiative forcing due to aerosol–radiation
interactions, we need to improve process-level understanding of aging
processes, which lead to either “browning” or “bleaching” of organic
aerosols. Currently available laboratory techniques aim to simulate
atmospheric aerosol aging and measure the evolving light absorption, but
they suffer from low sensitivity and precision. This study describes the use of
electrodynamic balance photophoretic spectroscopy (EDB-PPS) for high-sensitivity and high-precision measurements of light absorption by a single
particle. We demonstrate the retrieval of the time-evolving imaginary part of
the refractive index for a single levitated particle in the range of
10−4 to 10−5 with uncertainties of less than 25 % and 60 %,
respectively. The experimental system is housed within an environmental
chamber, in which aging processes can be simulated in realistic atmospheric
conditions and lifetimes of days to weeks. This high level of sensitivity
enables future studies to explore the major processes responsible for
formation and degradation of brown carbon aerosols.
A fast visible-wavelength 3D radiative transfer model for numerical weather prediction visualization and forward modeling
Authors: Albers Steven , Saleeby Stephen M. , Kreidenweis Sonia , Bian Qijing , Xian Peng , Toth Zoltan , Ahmadov Ravan , James Eric , Miller Steven D.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Solar radiation is the ultimate source of energy flowing through the
atmosphere; it fuels all atmospheric motions. The visible-wavelength range of
solar radiation represents a significant contribution to the earth's energy
budget, and visible light is a vital indicator for the composition and
thermodynamic processes of the atmosphere from the smallest weather scales to the
largest climate scales. The accurate and fast description of light
propagation in the atmosphere and its lower-boundary environment is
therefore of critical importance for the simulation and prediction of
weather and climate. Simulated Weather Imagery (SWIm) is a new, fast, and physically based visible-wavelength three-dimensional radiative transfer model. Given the location and
intensity of the sources of light (natural or artificial) and the
composition (e.g., clear or turbid air with aerosols, liquid or ice clouds, precipitating rain, snow, and ice hydrometeors) of the atmosphere, it
describes the propagation of light and produces visually and physically
realistic hemispheric or 360∘ spherical panoramic color images of
the atmosphere and the underlying terrain from any specified vantage point
either on or above the earth's surface. Applications of SWIm include the visualization of atmospheric and land
surface conditions simulated or forecast by numerical weather or climate
analysis and prediction systems for either scientific or lay audiences.
Simulated SWIm imagery can also be generated for and compared with observed
camera images to (i) assess the fidelity and (ii) improve the performance
of numerical atmospheric and land surface models. Through the use
of the latter in a data assimilation scheme, it can also (iii) improve the estimate of
the state of atmospheric and land surface initial conditions for situational
awareness and numerical weather prediction forecast initialization purposes.
Use of filter radiometer measurements to derive local photolysis rates and for future monitoring network application
Authors: Walker Hannah L. , Heal Mathew R. , Braban Christine F. , Coyle Mhairi , Leeson Sarah R. , Simmons Ivan , Jones Matthew R. , Kift Richard , Twigg Marsailidh M.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Production of hydroxyl (OH) radicals is frequently dominated by the photolysis of tropospheric ozone (O3). However, photolysis of nocturnal radical reservoirs, such as nitrous acid (HONO) and nitryl chloride (ClNO2), also produces radicals (OH and Cl atoms) that contribute to the oxidising capacity of the local atmosphere, and initiate many radical-chain reactions that lead to the formation of harmful secondary pollutants. Photolysis of nitric acid (HNO3) is also a minor radical production mechanism. In this paper, locally representative photolysis rate constants (j-values) for these molecules are shown to be critical for quantifying and understanding the rate of radical production in a local atmosphere. The first long-term 4-π filter radiometer dataset in the UK (21 November 2018–20 November 2019) available for direct atmospheric model validation is reported. Measurements were made at Auchencorth Moss, a Scottish rural background site, and j(NO2) is used to generate a measurement-driven adjustment factor (MDAF) for calculated j-values that accounts for local changes in meteorological variables without significantly increasing computational cost. Modelled clear-sky j-values and actinic flux for Auchencorth Moss were generated using the Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible radiation model (TUV; v.5.3.1). Applying the MDAF metric resulted in the calculated photolytic production rate of OH radicals, from all sources considered, being ~40 % lower over the year. Photolysis of HONO resulted in an increased rate of OH production compared to that from O3 in low-light conditions, such as sunrise and sunset (Solar Zenith Angle > 80°). Hydroxyl radical production from HONO photolysis exceeded that from O3 consistently throughout the day during the winter and autumn (by a factor of 5 and 2.1, respectively). Radical production rates from HONO and ClNO2 reached maximum values during the early morning hours of summer (06:00–09:00 UTC), with OH produced at a rate of 1.06 × 106 OH radicals cm−3 s−1, and Cl radicals at 3.20 × 104 Cl radicals cm−3 s−1, with the MDAF metric applied. This first application of the MDAF j-values demonstrates an efficient measurement and computational approach to improve modelling of the local atmospheric photochemistry that drives NO2, O3 and PM pollution levels. The incorporation of local radiation measurements in measurement networks, and the consequent greater spatial resolution of locally-relevant photolysis coefficients in model photolysis parameterisations, will improve the accuracy of assessment of air pollution and policy-intervention impacts.
A revised pan-Arctic permafrost soil Hg pool based on Western Siberian peat Hg and carbon observations
Authors: Lim Artem G. , Jiskra Martin , Sonke Jeroen E. , Loiko Sergey V. , Kosykh Natalia , Pokrovsky Oleg S.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Natural and anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions are sequestered in
terrestrial soils over short, annual to long, millennial timescales
before Hg mobilization and run-off impact wetland and coastal ocean
ecosystems. Recent studies have used Hg-to-carbon (C) ratios
(RHgC's) measured in Alaskan permafrost mineral and peat
soils together with a northern circumpolar permafrost soil carbon
inventory to estimate that these soils contain large amounts of Hg (between 184 and
755 Gg) in the upper 1 m. However, measurements
of RHgC on Siberian permafrost peatlands are largely
missing, leaving the size of the estimated northern soil Hg budget and
its fate under Arctic warming scenarios uncertain. Here we present Hg
and carbon data for six peat cores down to mineral horizons at
1.5–4 m depth, across a 1700 km latitudinal (56 to
67∘ N) permafrost gradient in the Western Siberian Lowland
(WSL). Mercury concentrations increase from south to north in all soil
horizons, reflecting a higher stability of sequestered Hg with respect
to re-emission. The RHgC in the WSL peat horizons
decreases with depth, from 0.38 Gg Pg−1 in the active layer
to 0.23 Gg Pg−1 in continuously frozen peat of the WSL. We
estimate the Hg pool (0–1 m) in the permafrost-affected part
of the WSL peatlands to be 9.3±2.7 Gg. We review and
estimate pan-Arctic organic and mineral soil RHgC to be
0.19 and 0.63 Gg Pg−1, respectively, and use a soil carbon budget to
revise the pan-Arctic permafrost soil Hg pool to be 72 Gg
(39–91 Gg; interquartile range, IQR) in the upper
30 cm, 240 Gg (110–336 Gg) in the upper
1 m, and 597 Gg (384–750 Gg) in the upper
3 m. Using the same RHgC approach, we revise the
upper 30 cm of the global soil Hg pool to contain 1086 Gg of
Hg (852–1265 Gg, IQR), of which 7 % (72 Gg)
resides in northern permafrost soils. Additional soil and river
studies in eastern and northern Siberia are needed to lower the
uncertainty on these estimates and assess the timing of Hg release to
the atmosphere and rivers.
Brief Communication: Update on the GPS reflection technique for measuring snow accumulation in Greenland
Authors: Larson Kristine M. , MacFerrin Michael , Nylen Thomas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. GPS interferometric reflectometry (GPS-IR) is a technique
that can be used to measure snow accumulation on ice sheets. The footprint
of the method (∼1000 m2) is larger than that of many
other in situ methods. A long-term comparison with hand measurements yielded
an accuracy assessment of 2 cm. Depending on the placement of the GPS
antenna, these data are also sensitive to firn density. The purpose of this
short note is to make public GPS-IR measurements of snow accumulation for
four sites in Greenland, compare these records with in situ sensors, and
make available open-source GPS-IR software to the cryosphere community.
A quasi-annual record of time-transgressive esker formation: implications for ice-sheet reconstruction and subglacial hydrology
Authors: Livingstone Stephen J. , Lewington Emma L. M. , Clark Chris D. , Storrar Robert D. , Sole Andrew J. , McMartin Isabelle , Dewald Nico , Ng Felix
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We identify and map chains of esker beads (series of aligned mounds) up to
15 m high and on average ∼ 65 m wide in central Nunavut,
Canada, from the high-resolution (2 m) ArcticDEM. Based on the close
1 : 1 association with regularly spaced, sharp-crested ridges
interpreted as De Geer moraines, we interpret the esker beads to be
quasi-annual ice-marginal deposits formed time-transgressively at the mouth
of subglacial conduits during deglaciation. Esker beads therefore preserve a
high-resolution record of ice-margin retreat and subglacial hydrology. The
well-organised beaded esker network implies that subglacial channelised
drainage was relatively fixed in space and through time. Downstream esker
bead spacing constrains the typical pace of deglaciation in central Nunavut
between 8.1 and 6.8 cal kyr BP to 165–370 m yr−1, although with short
periods of more rapid retreat (> 400 m yr−1). Under our
time-transgressive interpretation, the lateral spacing of the observed
eskers provides a true measure of subglacial conduit spacing for testing
mathematical models of subglacial hydrology. Esker beads also record the
volume of sediment deposited from conduits in each melt season, thus
providing a minimum bound on annual sediment fluxes, which is in the range
of 103–104 m3 yr−1 in each 6–10 km wide subglacial
conduit catchment. We suggest that the prevalence of esker beads across this
predominantly marine-terminating sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet is a
result of sediment fluxes that were unable to backfill conduits at a rate
faster than ice-margin retreat. Conversely, we hypothesise that esker ridges
form when sediment backfilling of the subglacial conduit outpaced retreat,
resulting in headward esker growth close to but behind the margin. The
implication, in accordance with recent modelling results, is that eskers in
general record a composite signature of ice-marginal drainage rather than a
temporal snapshot of ice-sheet-wide subglacial drainage.
Assessing Construct Reliability of Human Resources Management Practices (HRM) and Employee Loyalty: A Preliminary Evidence from the Omani Logistic Sector
Authors: Saiari AbdulQader Al , Puteh Fadilah , Ali Abdul Jalil Mohamed
Published: June 2020

Purpose: In the past few years, industry sector highly dominated the Oman’s economy, as the logistics sector forms the backbone of it, which accounted for 56.6% of GDP in 2019. The logistic sector is expected to provide 80,000 jobs by 2020 and 300,000 by 2040. Review of past literature on issues related to HRM impact on employee loyalty particularly from the Omani logistic sector revealed limited outcome. This paper aims in assessing the construct reliability of human resources management practices (HRM) and employee loyalty as well as the impact of HRM practices on employee loyalty, as HRM practices include recognition, compensation, promotion, training, selective hiring, job rotation, and working environment.Method: To achieve this objective, a quantitative approach was adopted, as questionnaire was distributed to 52 employees who work in logistics sector in Oman as pilot study cohort. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. Items of the research constructs were measured for its reliability value.Results: The results showed that employee loyalty construct obtained the highest mean (3.891), while compensation construct obtained the lowest mean (3.281). In addition, the results showed that reliability statistics for research constructs and their paragraphs achieved high Cronbach alpha, thus met the minimum trajectory of reliability value. The results of regression analysis illustrated that HRM best practices (recognition, compensation, promotion, training, selective hiring, job rotation, and working environment) had a significant impact on employee loyalty.Implications: This paper is expected to be a reference for other studies in other sectors to assess the construct reliability on HRM practices variables as well as employee loyalty.
Sobre Repensar los derechos humanos, de Ángeles Ródenas (ed.)
Authors: Torres Ortega Ilsse Carolina
Published: June 2020

Esta reseña analiza una serie de reflexiones, elaboradas por doce diferentes autoras, acerca de algunos aspectos sustantivos de las teorías tradicionales de derechos humanos. Estos aspectos son sistematizados en torno a los siguientes apartados: La relevancia de la perspectiva iusfilosófica en la revisión crítica de las concepciones sobre derechos humanos; el problema de la fundamentación de los derechos humanos; el problema del carácter absoluto como propiedad esencial de estos derechos; el temor de que los derechos fundamentales pierdan su papel de límite ante intereses de tipo colectivo; la dignidad humana como principio que posibilita, pero que también restringe, la autonomía individual; el ejercicio efectivo de la autonomía frente al presupuesto del agente autónomo; el problema de la universalidad de los derechos humanos en un contexto de pluralidad y diversidad; la importancia del orden internacional; y el rechazo a una concepción de los derechos y los deberes en términos estatistas y de correlación.
Examen de proporcionalidad y adjudicación judicial de derechos sociales constitucionales
Authors: De Fazio Federico
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una reconstrucción racional del uso del examen de proporcionalidad en contextos de adjudicación judicial de derechos sociales constitucionales. Dicho trabajo de reconstrucción será desarrollado en dos pasos. En primer lugar, se tratará el interrogante referido a si el examen de proporcionalidad en su variante “por omisión” (es decir, aplicado al caso de los derechos de prestación) exhibe o no una estructura diferente con respecto a su, mucho más conocida e investigada, variante “por exceso” (es decir, aplicado al caso de los derechos de defensa). En segundo lugar, se describirán las reglas y formas de argumentación que están implícitas en el uso del examen de proporcionalidad por omisión y que componen a sus respectivos sub-exámenes de idoneidad, necesidad y proporcionalidad stricto sensu. Por último, se presentará un breve resumen a modo de conclusión.
Riego por goteo en cultivares de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Universidad Nacional Agraria, Managua, Nicaragua
Authors: Duarte-Canales Henry Alberto , Benavides González Álvaro
Published: June 2020

El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es una hortaliza importante en Nicaragua por su consumo y comercialización. En el país el cultivo inició en 1940, y actualmente los rendimientos varían entre 12 y 18 t ha-1. Debido a los constantes cambios en el régimen de lluvia, se han desarrollado tecnologías que permiten hacer uso eficiente del agua, como es el riego por goteo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar tres láminas de riego (T1=1.5, T2=2.0 y T3=2.5 litros planta-1 día-1) en tres cultivares de tomate (Shanty, UC-82 y Butero) en condiciones edafoclimáticas de Managua, Nicaragua. El ensayo se estableció en un diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar (BCA) con arreglo en franjas. Las variables fueron objeto a un análisis de varianza y separación de medias por diferencias mínimas significativas con p=0.05. El diámetro polar, diámetro ecuatorial y volumen fueron afectadas significativamente por los dos factores independientes. En la variable rendimiento se encontró diferencias estadísticas en el factor láminas de riego, con mayores promedios 2.0 litros planta-1 día-1 (11 875 kg ha-1) y 2.5 litros planta-1 día-1 (10 970 kg ha-1). Los cultivares que presentaron los mayores promedios fueron Shanty (11 805 kg ha-1) y Butero con 10 945 kg ha-1. La lámina de riego de 1.5 litros planta-1 día-1 presentó la mayor pérdida con un coeficiente de cultivo de 3.17, al igual que el cultivar Shanty (3.28); el coeficiente de uniformidad calculado fue del 98.28% catalogado como excelente.
INTERVENÇÕES PSICOMOTORAS PARA APRENDIZAGEM E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CRIANÇA
Authors: Mélo Tainá Ribas , Araujo Luize Bueno de , Lucchesi Vanessa De Oliveira , Israel Vera Lúcia
Published: June 2020

A promoção integral da saúde da criança e do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (DNPM) configura uma das estratégias centrais do Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) e de seu Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família (NASF), nos moldes de um modelo biopsicossocial da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF), de maneira a articular estratégias interprofissionais de atenção. Na existência de uma demanda elevada de crianças com atrasos no DNPM, especialmente na linguagem o objetivo do presente estudo é propor e verificar a aplicabilidade de programas de intervenções psicomotoras para promoção e prevenção de crianças com DNPM típico e quando for indicada a reabilitação de crianças com risco ou atraso no DNPM atendidas de forma interprofissional pelo NASF. As crianças foram triadas a partir de encaminhamentos de profissionais, direcionadas em sua maioria à fonoaudióloga, por meio de anamnese e álbum seriado, e por fisioterapeuta, por meio da escala de desenvolvimento motor de Rosa Neto (2015). Assim foram elaboradas atividades para estímulo do DNPM organizados em 3 eixos (Locomotor, Estabilizado e Manipulativo), e nos principais pilares psicomotores (motricidade global e fina, lateralidade, organização espacial e temporal, esquema corporal e equilíbrio, associados ao estímulo de linguagem). As atividades foram testadas ao longo de 2 anos para então serem organizadas e apresentadas com orientações e progressão do nível de dificuldade. Conclui-se que é possível a elaboração e aplicação de programas de intervenções psicomotoras para promoção e prevenção do DNPM de crianças típicas, com risco ou atraso, atendidas de forma interprofissional no ambiente da saúde pública do NASF.
EDUCAÇÃO E PLURIVERSIDADE
Authors: Alves Alan Ripoll , Mengarelli Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

A Divers@! – Revista Eletrônica Interdisciplinar chega à sua 12a edição, trazendo como tema do seu dossiê a “Educação e Pluriversidade”, no intuito de alimentar debates e divulgar caminhos orientados por meio dos onze artigos que a compõem. A análise dos trabalhos pedagógicos sob uma ótica de contraposição aos modelos educacionais hegemônicos, na busca por uma formação humana integral, abre um conjunto de estudos que abordam alguns dos cenários da educação nacional.
The Impact of Social Responsibility Disclosure in Reducing the Risk in Jordanian Commercial Banks
Authors: Shahwan Yousef , Abdel-hamid Oways
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the impact of disclosure of social responsibility in reducing risks in Jordanian commercial banks. To realize the goal of this study, the researcher followed the descriptive-analytical method. The data of the study sample was gathered from the financial reports of the listed banks on the Amman Financial Market that pertain to stock prices and market return in the period 2014-2018. The study used simple regression analysis to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Among the most prominent findings of the study, there is an impact of the social responsibility disclosure in reducing risks, as well as an effect of the dimensions of social responsibility: the environment, customers and employees in reducing risks.