bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial dispersal and growth pattern of “nike” fish (apmhidromous goby larva) in Gorontalo, Tomini Bay
Authors: Olii A H , Pasisingi N
Published: August 2023

Assessment of distribution and population growth are fisheries population dynamic aspects required to be observed periodically to address sustainable fisheries management. This research aimed to determine spatial dispersal, daily growth patterns, and condition factor of Nike fish as amphidromous schooling larvae in Gorontalo Waters, Tomini Bay. The number of 1808 larva samples were collected for eleven consecutive days during its natural appearance in August 2022. Based on total-length frequency distribution, the larva schools performing in this period presumably comprise more than one age group. Allometric positive daily growth patterns were shown in days 2, 4,7, 10 and 11. In contrast, isometric patterns were exhibited on days 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9. The highest and lowest condition factor values were on the seventh day (length class interval of 32.1-33.6 mm) and the fifth day (length class interval of 28.9-30.4 mm), respectively. The result indicated that Nike daily growth patterns and condition factors fluctuated among their natural appearance days in Bone Estuary. It is understandable that the critical stages of larvae, such as varying salinity, competition for food and niche, and fishing pressure factors, must undergo estuary highly dynamic environmental conditions.
Study of the distribution of the catch of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) that was land at TPI (fish landing place) Ulee Cot, Meuraxa District, Banda Aceh City
Authors: Agustina I , Miswar E , Nabila A , Rahmah A , Rianjuanda D , Salmarika
Published: August 2023

Activities at fishing port greatly affect the process of distributing catches, especially the distribution of yellowfin tuna at TPI Ulee Cot. Distribution activities have not been optimal and have hampered the distribution flow. This is due to the slow process of handling fish and the incomplete facilities. The length of the distribution process will determine the quality of the product to be marketed. This study aims to describe the distribution activities of the catch landed at TPI, the condition of fishing facilities and relation to the distribution of yellowfin tuna. The data taken consisted of the handling of the catch, pattern, transportation, price, the fishing unit and TPI facilities distribution from interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis is carried out into data selection, data appearance, and drawing conclusions. Distribution activities start from fish transportation and fish handling from boats to fish transported into trucks to be distributed to destination area. The distribution pattern at TPI Ulee Cot only consists of one distribution pattern starting from the level of fishermen-exporting companies. The lack of cold storage facilities causes the quality of the catch to decrease because the fish are not immediately removed from the hold ship until the truck came.
The Carotenoid Contents (Fucoxanthin and β-Carotene), Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Selected Indonesian Seaweeds
Authors: Noviendri D , Qurrotu’ain N , Nurbayti S , Hasrini R F
Published: August 2023

Carotenoids have been shown to have antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of carotenoids (fucoxanthin and β-carotene), then to analyze the total phenolic content (TPC), and to test the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract from selected Indonesian seaweeds using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) method. The seaweeds used in this study were Padina sp., Sargassum sp., Turbinaria sp., Actinotricia sp., Halimenia sp., Rhodopeltis sp., and Ulva sp. There are several stages of the method, namely extraction by maceration with ethanol p.a. Then, carotenoid analysis was carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography and carotenoid content was carried out by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. After that TPC analysis was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH method. The results showed that the highest fucoxanthin content was found in the ethanolic extract of Padina sp. brown seaweed at 133.31 ppm, and the highest β-carotene content was found in the ethanolic extract of red seaweed Actinotricia sp. at 3.60 ppm. The highest TPC was found in the ethanolic extract of Padina sp. of 20.08 g GAE/g. In general, the ethanolic extracts of the seven seaweeds analyzed produced weak antioxidant activity when compared to the ascorbic acid control.
Analysis of leading capture fisheries commodities in Pidie district, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Purnama N R , Marzalaina  , Aprilla R M , Rizwan  , Zulfahmi I , Akbar S A
Published: August 2023

This research aims to determine the superior capture fisheries commodities and capture fisheries development strategies in Pidie District. The research was conducted in March-April 2022 in Pidie District, Aceh, Indonesia. The data collected in this study is in the form of data (time series) including production data and production value per fish species in 2016-2020. Determination of superior commodities is based on three criteria, namely: production volume, volume of production value and level of fish consumption using the Location Quotient (LQ) method and further analysis using the Comparative Performance Index (CPI) method. The capture fisheries development strategy is carried out by analyzing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the results of the CPI calculation, the leading capture fisheries commodities in Pidie District include marlin fish, followed by dolphinfish, tuna fish, ponyfish, snapper fish and grouper fish. Policy alternatives for the development of capture fisheries in Pidie District are based on the main priorities, namely: improving port facilities and infrastructure (0.489), increasing fishermen’s skills (0.210), increasing the number of fishing units (0.112), building industrial estates (0.107) and maintaining sustainable local wisdom values (0.83).
Addition of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) rearing media to increase the growth rate
Authors: Ismarica I , Nita A , Mellisa S , Dewiyanti I , Dewi C D
Published: August 2023

Research on the addition of potatoes to vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) rearing media to increase the growth rate was carried out in April-May 2022 at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh. This study aimsed to determine the effect produced by the addition of potatoes to the rearing medium and to determine the appropriate dose of potato to increase the growth of vannamei shrimp. The vannamei shrimp used was shrimp fry with a size of PL22. The research container is in the form of 12 pieces with a size of 20L. each container was filled with vannamei shrimp as much as 3 ind/L. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. The treatments given were Treatment A (controlled), Treatment B (4 g/ind), Treatment C (4.5 g/ind) and Treatment D (5 g/ind). The parameters observed were absolute weight, absolute length, specific growth rate, and survival rate of vannamei shrimp. The results showed that the addition of potatoes to the rearing medium of vannamei shrimp had a significant effect (P<0,05) on the growth and survival rate of vannamei shrimp. The conclusion was the highest additional dose of potatoes 5 g/ind to increase the growth and survival rate of vannamei shrimp.
Freshwater Shrimp Diversity in Pidie Region, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Putra D F , Muhammadar A A , Nasir M , Zulfahmi I
Published: August 2023

The research aimed to investigate the diversity and biological aspect of shrimp found in the inland water, Pidie Region, Aceh Indonesia. The purposive sampling method was used. The results showed a total of 144 freshwater were found with 19 ind M. lanchesteri in Kunyet Lake, while 135 shrimp were found in Balu Cut river with details of 8 of M. sintangense species, 23 of M. lanchesteri species, and 104 of C. endhensis species. The length-weight relationship of M. lanchesteri in Kunyet lake ranged from 5-12 mm and 0.06-11.13 g with negative allometric growth, while the length-weight relationship of M. sintengense ranged from 9-15 mm and 1.07-5,21 g, M. lanchesteri ranged from 3-10 mm and 0.06-1.25 g, and C. endhensis ranged from 2-9 mm and 0.02-0.32 g with negative allometric growth patterns respectively. The abundance value of M. sintangense, M. lanchesteri, C. endhensis was 0.08 ind/m2, 0.42 ind/m2, and 1.04 ind/m2, respectively. while the diversity index was 0.77 categorized as low diversity, the dominance index was 0.70 categorized as moderate, and the evenness index of 0.53 was categorized as moderate. Further study of shrimp genetic diversity is recommended to explore deeper information on shrimp species.
A predictive model of Lunar Gateway molecular outgassing and plume-induced contamination
Authors: Hoey W A , Martin M G , Steagall C A , Soares C E , Shallcross G S , Worthy E S
Published: August 2023

The Gateway space station will operate both as a lunar outpost and a hub for space exploration missions in support of a long-term human presence on the Moon, and is under development by NASA in collaboration with ESA, CSA, JAXA, and international commercial partners. Gateway will experience induced molecular contamination from sources including materials outgassing, venting, and the nominal operation of its chemical and electric propulsion systems. The degradation effects of molecular contamination on spacecraft are well-documented and understood, and predictive modeling tools have been developed to aid in the mitigation of such contamination effects in the mission design phase. Therefore, the Gateway Induced Environments and Thermal teams have worked with JPL Contamination Control to develop modular simulation tools for the prediction of molecular contaminant depositions across the mission life, and for use in requirements derivation and sensitivity assessments. Free-molecular transport and deposition of outgassing products onto sensitive Gateway receiver surfaces is calculated using a viewfactor matrix approach, while International Space Station (ISS)-heritage bipropellant plume models are used to evaluate contaminant fluxes generated by the operation of thrusters on Gateway modules and the Orion spacecraft. The alteration of optical properties, e.g. the solar absorptance, of contaminated surfaces is likewise calculated using an ISS-heritage semi-empirical model premised on flight and laboratory testing data. This framework is intended to support early identification of potential integration issues and establish a baseline for incorporating improved analysis and test data as the Gateway design matures.
Metamaterial-based smart and flexible Optical Solar Reflectors
Authors: Gaspari M , Mengali S , Simeoni M , Urbani A , Muskens O L , Sun K , Zeimpekis I , de Groot C H , Bialy A , Czolkos I , Kildebro L , Alpat B , Bartolini G , Jamalipour M , Frolec J , Kralik T , Tessarin F , Gottero M , Schillaci T
Published: August 2023

In the frame of projects funded by the European Commission and the ESA, we developed a new type of Optical Solar Reflector (OSR) that combines the flexibility and easy handling of Second Surface Mirrors with the temperature-variable emittance necessary to ensure both effective radiative cooling in the hot phase and reduced heat losses in the cold phase. The new smart OSR consists of a metamaterial coating deposited on Kapton film. The coating is made of two functional blocks, namely a variable emitter topped by a dielectric solar reflector. The variable emitter is a Metamaterial Perfect Absorber designed for strong and broadband plasmonic resonance absorption in the thermal IR. It consists of a metal back-reflector, a dielectric spacer, and an array of doped VO2 thermochromic micro-antennas that are switched-off when the temperature drops below the metal-to-insulator transition point. The solar reflector is a wideband dielectric filter made of materials that are transparent across the entire spectrum from the VIS to the thermal IR. All the layers of the two blocks are deposited by standard vacuum techniques, while the array is patterned by Nanoimprint Lithography, a technique that is often performed at the wafer level but allows for up-scaling via roll-to-roll or roll-to-plate production setups. The paper reports on the characterization and testing of samples of size up to 100 mm x 100 mm, at the Beginning of Life and after thermal, humidity, irradiation and handling tests.
Evaluation of the Material Properties of Solid Rocket Motor Slag
Authors: Matsuura Yoshiki , Nitta Kumi , Ikeda Hirohide , Kinoshita Masahiro , Ui Kyohichi
Published: August 2023

A considerable amount of aluminum oxide particles are generally produced during the Solid Rocket Motor (SRM) combustion. A project determining the damage caused by slag impact on spacecrafts in orbit is drafted to acquire physical property data of SRM slag by JAXA. After the grand firing test of small SRMs, all slag was collected and analyzed. This study describes the investigation results regarding the characteristics of SRM slag and the current possible scenario of the slag particle formation process.
Assessing the effects of critical parameters in standoff bonding
Authors: Batzilis O , Rodriguez S , Blasakis N , Baltopoulos A , Janik P , Stimoniaris A
Published: August 2023

In this contribution we present the effect of several parameters that are critical for bonding standoffs onto the surface of spacecrafts’ panels with polymeric adhesives. Standoffs are an integral part of the thermal management of space satellites since they ensure that the MLI blankets are mounted and maintained in the correct position during the whole mission duration, including launch. In the recent years, there have been several de-bonding problems during qualification phases, leading to long and costly delays, oftentimes caused from poor design and preparation[1]. For these reasons, we have performed a study of the bond strength of Torlon® 5030 rods bonded over sandwich panels made of an aluminium honeycomb core and CFRP skins. The bond strength was determined by mechanical tests, conducted in tensile and shear modes, both prior and after thermal cycling. Thermal analysis was also performed on the main components under study. The study consists on the following steps: first, different surface treatments of the CFRP skins have been investigated: (i) bonding standoffs with the surface as manufactured, (ii) cleaned with a solvent and (iii) mechanically sanded before cleaning. The best performing treatment was selected and used systematically in the rest of the study. Afterward, different types of adhesives (epoxy, graphene nano-enabled epoxy, polyurethane) and bond-line thicknesses were studied. The findings of this study can help to steer the industry towards better practices regarding the standoff bonding. This will improve the integrity of future space missions.
High temperature high voltage potting adhesive
Authors: Liémans Isabelle , Petiniot Geoffroy , Vandeplassche Philippe , Daclin Déborah , Holynska Malgorzata , Franke Andreas
Published: August 2023

This study presents the results of a new resin survey for potting of high voltage electronics. The main objective consists in improving the European manufacturing capability for high voltage (>6 kV) and high temperature applications (maximum temperature: 180°C). The targeted improvements include enhanced thermal stability and insulation properties of adhesive potting for high voltage applications for a target lifetime of 15 years. In addition, a specific attention has been given to EU sourced materials for development. Class H resins were targeted. A trade-off based on technical data sheets, tests at material, sample and breadboard levels has been conducted. The complete test sequence performed lead to identify a resin suitable for the requirements and processes. TRL4 has been reached, but there is still a long way to go and use it in a space product. The next steps are the implementation of this new resin in the current equipment and the qualification of magnetics parts impregnated or moulded with this resin.
Evaluation of advanced cleaning processes for sensitive surfaces in optical instrumentation
Authors: Cheung D , Faye D
Published: August 2023

Contamination has become a major issue in all high-tech industries, with increasingly stringent cleanliness requirements. It is the case for sensitive parts of space flight hardware, such as optics or other embedded equipment for which surface cleanliness is a critical topic, since even a thin layer of contaminant can adversely affect performance. Sometimes, cleaning may be needed to reach a specified cleanliness surface level at different integration phases of instrument or satellite, or as a corrective action in case of anomaly. Thus it is recommended to consider cleaning techniques without direct contact with the sensitive or fragile surface to prevent any damage after treatment. Five processes or techniques among those described for instance in the ECSS standard dedicated to ultracleaning of flight hardware (laser, vacuum bakeout, carbon dioxide (CO2) snow, supercritical CO2 and plasma) have been chosen for a test campaign to assess their efficacy on representative samples of sensitive optical parts (e.g.: glasses, mirrors, treatments, coatings, etc.). The study has been focused on the removal of molecular residues from substrates intentionally contaminated by a mixture of typical chemical contaminants. After a description of the selected cleaning techniques and their pros and cons, this paper will present the methodology adopted for the process validation using analytical chemistry and the comparative results of the performance of each cleaning technique. The impact on materials and the ease of implementation have been evaluated as well. In fine, the objective of this study is to provide some guidance to choose one or several non-contact processes suitable for cleaning sensitive space hardware, in order to guarantee contamination-free surfaces before flight and limit any risk of failure.
High temperature atomic oxygen testing for ESA’s Envision mission to Venus
Authors: Suliga Agnieszka , Brieva Abel , Milassin Gabor , Tighe Adrian , Voirin Thomas
Published: August 2023

EnVision will be ESA’s next Venus orbiter, providing a holistic view of the planet from its inner core to upper atmosphere to determine how and why Venus and Earth evolved so differently. The spacecraft will be equipped with a suite of instruments including a sounder to reveal underground layering, and spectrometers to study the atmosphere and surface. The thermal fluxes in orbit around Venus are high, the solar flux at Venus distance is twice its value on Earth (around 2600 W/m2), and the reflected sunlight flux has a similar order of magnitude due to the albedo. Besides, there will also be an aerobraking phase, when a third thermal flux, the aerothermal flux, needs to be considered, with a similar order of magnitude as the two others. These high total thermal fluxes, together with the cold instruments’ requirements and high-power dissipation make the thermal environment a design driver for the mission. The chemistry of the atmospheric environment during aerobraking needs also to be taken into account. Atomic oxygen exists in Venus atmosphere at the altitude range foreseen for aerobraking, with densities of up to 1017 oxygen atoms per cubic metres at aerobraking altitudes. Though the concentrations are small, their accumulation over up to 2000 atmospheric passes lead to total atomic oxygen fluences on the exposed spacecraft surfaces which are comparable to those encountered on typical Low Earth orbiting satellites (upwards of 1021 atomscm-2). This drives the selection of spacecraft materials on the most exposed surfaces. Whilst significant data exists about atomic oxygen erosion effects on materials for Low Earth Orbit, there is little knowledge about high temperature atomic oxygen effects on materials under environmental conditions representative of the Venus atmosphere. To analyse the potential risks for the Envision mission, and to assist the designers in selecting the best materials, an atomic oxygen test campaign is being performed in the ESA ESTEC atomic oxygen ground-based simulator (LEOX facility). The facility has been adapted so that material samples can be simultaneously exposed to atomic oxygen and high temperatures up to at least 200°C. For the test campaign, the Envision instrument teams and designers of the prospective satellite systems are providing candidate materials to be exposed. This includes a variety of materials to be utilised on the outside of the satellite such as thermal control coatings, optical materials, coatings for appendages and antennas and multi-layer insulation. The paper describes the modifications to the facility and the first results of the testing which has been performed.
Using a portable IR spectrometer for materials characterization and identification
Authors: Szmolka S , Bras B , Ergincan O
Published: August 2023

This work is an assessment of contactless techniques for space hardware ground testing and characterization. It is based on Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, namely a commercially available portable FT-IR instrument operating in reflection and transmission measurements at a considerable distance from the measured surfaces. The two methodologies are evaluated namely related to 1) molecular contamination monitoring, and 2) materials identification. These techniques can provide important information in support of Manufacturing, Assembly, Integration and Testing activities as well as non-conformance investigations. Non-contact characterization techniques are particularly relevant when dealing with sensitive surfaces and/or surfaces with limited access such as optical components already integrated in the optical bench.
Measuring protein-membrane interaction through radial fluorescence correlation in 2 dimensions
Authors: Philipp N , Gratton E , Estrada L C
Published: August 2023

The cell membrane has a fundamental role in the cell life cycle but there’s still much to be learned about its heterogeneous structure, regulation, and protein interaction. Additionally, the protein-membrane interaction is often overlooked when studying specific protein dynamics. In this work, we present a new tool for a better understanding of protein dynamics and membrane function using live cells and fast non-invasive techniques without the need for individual particle tracking. To this end, we used the 2D-pair correlation function (2D-pCF) to study protein interactions across cellular membranes. We performed numerical simulations and confocal experiments using a GAP-mEGFP fusion construct known to interact with the plasmatic membrane. Our results demonstrate that based on a quantitative correlation analysis as the 2D pair correlation of the signal intensities, is possible to characterize protein-membrane interactions in live systems and real-time. Combining experimental and numerical results this work presents a new powerful approach to the study of the dynamic protein-membrane interaction.
Impact of edge defects on the synaptic characteristic of a ferromagnetic domain-wall device and on on-chip learning
Authors: Singh Yadav Ram , Sadashiva Aniket , Holla Amod , Muduli Pranaba Kishor , Bhowmik Debanjan
Published: August 2023

Topological-soliton-based devices, like the ferromagnetic domain-wall device, have been proposed as non-volatile memory (NVM) synapses in electronic crossbar arrays for fast and energy-efficient implementation of on-chip learning of neural networks (NN). High linearity and symmetry in the synaptic weight-update characteristic of the device (long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD)) are important requirements to obtain high classification/regression accuracy in such an on-chip learning scheme. However, obtaining such linear and symmetric LTP and LTD characteristics in the ferromagnetic domain-wall device has remained a challenge. Here, we first carry out micromagnetic simulations of the device to show that the incorporation of defects at the edges of the device, with the defects having higher perpendicular magnetic anisotropy compared to the rest of the ferromagnetic layer, leads to massive improvement in the linearity and symmetry of the LTP and LTD characteristics of the device. This is because these defects act as pinning centres for the domain wall and prevent it from moving during the delay time between two consecutive programming current pulses, which is not the case when the device does not have defects. Next, we carry out system-level simulations of two crossbar arrays with synaptic characteristics of domain-wall synapse devices incorporated in them: one without such defects, and one with such defects. For on-chip learning of both long short-term memory networks (using a regression task) and fully connected NN (using a classification task), we show improved performance when the domain-wall synapse devices have defects at the edges. We also estimate the energy consumption in these synaptic devices and project their scaling, with respect to on-chip learning in corresponding crossbar arrays.
Weak type estimate for the partial sums of Noncommutative Vilenkin-Fourier series
Authors: Tian Chengshu , Zhou Dejian
Published: August 2023

Let

N

=

L

∞

(

G

m

)

⊗
¯

M

\mathcal {N}=L_{\infty }(G_{\mathbf {m}})\bar {\otimes }\mathcal {M}

where

M

\mathcal {M}

is a semifinite von Neumann algebra and

G

m

G_{\mathbf {m}}

is a bounded Vilenkin group. Considering the partial sums

S
n

(
f
)

S_n(f)

of the Vilenkin-Fourier series of

f
∈

L
1

(

N

)

f\in L_1(\mathcal {N})

, we prove that there is a universal constant

c
c

independent of

f
f

,

n
n

and

M

\mathcal {M}

such that
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-vertical-bar upper S Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis f right-parenthesis double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L Sub Subscript 1 comma normal infinity Subscript left-parenthesis script upper N right-parenthesis Baseline less-than-or-equal-to c double-vertical-bar f double-vertical-bar Subscript upper L 1 left-parenthesis script upper N right-parenthesis Baseline period">

‖

S
n

(
f
)

‖

L

1
,
∞

(

N

)

≤
c
‖
f

‖

L
1

(

N

)

.

\begin{equation*} \|S_n(f)\|_{L_{1,\infty }(\mathcal {N})}\leq c\|f\|_{L_1(\mathcal {N})}. \end{equation*}

Consequently, by transference argument, we obtain Scheckter and Sukochev’s result in the noncommutative bounded Vilenkin system setting. We also show the

H
1

H_1

-

L
1

L_1

boundedness for modified partial sums.
Variation of stability for moduli spaces of unordered points in the plane
Authors: Gallardo Patricio , Schmidt Benjamin
Published: August 2023

We study compactifications of the moduli space of unordered points in the plane via variation of GIT-quotients of their corresponding Hilbert scheme. Our VGIT considers linearizations outside the ample cone and within the movable cone. For that purpose, we use the description of the Hilbert scheme as a Mori dream space, and the moduli interpretation of its birational models via Bridgeland stability. We determine the GIT walls associated with curvilinear zero-dimensional schemes, collinear points, and schemes supported on a smooth conic. For seven points, we study a compactification associated with an extremal ray of the movable cone, where stability behaves very differently from the Chow quotient. Lastly, a complete description for five points is given.
Hydrostatic Pressure Sensing by WNK kinases
Authors: Humphreys John M. , Teixeira Liliana R. , Akella Radha , He Haixia , Kannangara Ashari R. , Sekulski Kamil , Pleinis John , Liwocha Joanna , Jiou Jenny , Servage Kelly A. , Orth Kim , Joachimiak Lukasz , Rizo Josep , Cobb Melanie H. , Brautigam Chad A. , Rodan Aylin R. , Goldsmith Elizabeth J.
Published: August 2023

Previous study has demonstrated that the WNK kinases 1 and 3 are direct osmosensors consistent with their established role in cell-volume control. WNK kinases may also be regulated by hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure applied to cells in culture with N2 gas or to Drosophila Malpighian tubules by centrifugation induces phosphorylation of downstream effectors of endogenous WNKs. In vitro, the autophosphorylation and activity of the unphosphorylated kinase domain of WNK3 (uWNK3) is enhanced to a lesser extent than in cells by 190 kPa applied with N2 gas. Hydrostatic pressure measurably alters the structure of uWNK3. Data from size exclusion chromatography in line with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS), SEC alone at different back pressures, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), NMR, and chemical crosslinking indicate a change in oligomeric structure in the presence of hydrostatic pressure from a WNK3 dimer to a monomer. The effects on the structure are related to those seen with osmolytes. Potential mechanisms of hydrostatic pressure activation of uWNK3 and the relationships of pressure activation to WNK osmosensing are discussed.
Mark Twain, the Talking Cure, and Literary Form
Authors: Cavitch Max
Published: August 2023

[The] significance [of Mark Twain’s Autobiography] for the story of mental health in America has as much to do with its form as with its content—an innovative autobiographical form that Twain crafted not only out of personal upheavals but also with acute insight into the depth psychology of his time.
Modeling Therapy as Discourse in Twentieth-Century American Literature
Authors: Algee-Hewitt Mark , Mendelman Lisa , Mukamal Anna , Terry Kendra
Published: August 2023

This article uses quantitative methods of cultural analytics in order to trace points of contact between the discourse of therapy as it emerges in the encounter between patient and clinician and in the language of twentieth-century US novels. Our computational analysis moves away from considering therapy as a diagnostic tool, either for characters or authors, and towards thinking about therapy as a discourse: a set of words (semantics) in a pattern of proportions (parts of speech, grammar). Our computational models identify excerpts of novels that contain therapy discourse and, in so doing, reveal the ways that the discourse of therapy exists in the novel beyond its expected pathways of entry (through setting, plot, and characterization). In close reading these excerpts, we observe the consistent use of a representational aesthetics of psychological interiority, one that endeavors to approximate a realistic experience of living in and through our interactions with one another. We propose that therapy as a discourse is not strictly a clinical endeavor but is more broadly an intersubjective enterprise—a process-oriented linguistic phenomenon that arises in a more heterogeneous canon of novels than those in which critics have traditionally thought to look.

Using cultural analytical methods to explore therapy as a discourse helps us . . . to consider therapy and the novel as interdependent terms of analysis and at heretofore impossible scales.
The Madness of America
Authors: Gilman Sander L
Published: August 2023

The essays in this volume of American Literary History devoted to the echoes of medical discourse in American literary culture represent the best of our contemporary approaches to the Medical Humanities. In my essay-comment, I pose the question about how “American” such queries are in the cases presented. My answer is that they are very American, often in surprising ways.American patients’ central nervous systems are exhausted; their energy reserves depleted by the world which they inhabit.
On the Promise of Using Membership Categorization Analysis to Investigate Interactional Competence
Authors: Dai David Wei , Davey Michael
Published: August 2023

Interactional Competence (IC) involves speakers’ ability to make social actions recognizable to one another while taking into account individual identities and social role relationships (Hall and Pekarek Doehler 2011). Existing IC research, however, has foregrounded the sequential features of interaction while paying less attention to the categorial resources speakers draw on. This study uses Membership Categorization Analysis (MCA) to explicate the categorial resources speakers employ in interaction. The dataset comes from 22 participants with a mixture of first-language and second-language Chinese speakers. They were audio-recorded while undertaking a roleplay task in Chinese—assuming the role of an employee and complaining to their manager about unfair practices at work. After analysing the transcribed data using the MCA procedure (Stokoe 2012), we present analyses that address three foundational questions about how speakers use categorial resources to (i) make their social actions recognizable, (ii) respond to interlocutors’ social actions, and (iii) orient to the moral order of interaction. We argue MCA can provide important insight into the categorial nature of interaction in IC research.
Anomaly detection in mixed high-dimensional molecular data
Authors: Buck Lena , Schmidt Tobias , Feist Maren , Schwarzfischer Philipp , Kube Dieter , Oefner Peter J , Zacharias Helena U , Altenbuchinger Michael , Dettmer Katja , Gronwald Wolfram , Spang Rainer
Published: August 2023

Motivation

Mixed molecular data combines continuous and categorical features of the same samples, such as OMICS profiles with genotypes, diagnoses, or patient sex. Like all high-dimensional molecular data, it is prone to incorrect values that can stem from various sources for example the technical limitations of the measurement devices, errors in the sample preparation, or contamination. Most anomaly detection algorithms identify complete samples as outliers or anomalies. However, in most cases, not all measurements of those samples are erroneous but only a few one-dimensional features within the samples are incorrect. These one-dimensional data errors are continuous measurements that are either located outside or inside the normal ranges of their features but in both cases show atypical values given all other continuous and categorical features in the sample. Additionally, categorical anomalies can occur for example when the genotype or diagnosis was submitted wrongly.

Results

We introduce ADMIRE (Anomaly Detection using MIxed gRaphical modEls), a novel approach for the detection and correction of anomalies in mixed high-dimensional data. Hereby, we focus on the detection of single (one-dimensional) data errors in the categorical and continuous features of a sample. For that the joint distribution of continuous and categorical features is learned by mixed graphical models, anomalies are detected by the difference between measured and model-based estimations and are corrected using imputation. We evaluated ADMIRE in simulation and by screening for anomalies in one of our own metabolic datasets. In simulation experiments, ADMIRE outperformed the state-of-the-art methods of Local Outlier Factor, stray, and Isolation Forest.

Availability and implementation

All data and code is available at https://github.com/spang-lab/adadmire. ADMIRE is implemented in a Python package called adadmire which can be found at https://pypi.org/project/adadmire.
scNCL: transferring labels from scRNA-seq to scATAC-seq data with neighborhood contrastive regularization
Authors: Yan Xuhua , Zheng Ruiqing , Chen Jinmiao , Li Min
Published: August 2023

Motivation

scATAC-seq has enabled chromatin accessibility landscape profiling at the single-cell level, providing opportunities for determining cell-type-specific regulation codes. However, high dimension, extreme sparsity, and large scale of scATAC-seq data have posed great challenges to cell-type identification. Thus, there has been a growing interest in leveraging the well-annotated scRNA-seq data to help annotate scATAC-seq data. However, substantial computational obstacles remain to transfer information from scRNA-seq to scATAC-seq, especially for their heterogeneous features.

Results

We propose a new transfer learning method, scNCL, which utilizes prior knowledge and contrastive learning to tackle the problem of heterogeneous features. Briefly, scNCL transforms scATAC-seq features into gene activity matrix based on prior knowledge. Since feature transformation can cause information loss, scNCL introduces neighborhood contrastive learning to preserve the neighborhood structure of scATAC-seq cells in raw feature space. To learn transferable latent features, scNCL uses a feature projection loss and an alignment loss to harmonize embeddings between scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq. Experiments on various datasets demonstrated that scNCL not only realizes accurate and robust label transfer for common types, but also achieves reliable detection of novel types. scNCL is also computationally efficient and scalable to million-scale datasets. Moreover, we prove scNCL can help refine cell-type annotations in existing scATAC-seq atlases.

Availability and implementation

The source code and data used in this paper can be found in https://github.com/CSUBioGroup/scNCL-release.
Preventing prefrontal dysfunction by tDCS modulates stress-induced creativity impairment in women: an fNIRS study
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zhang Jiaqi , Li Yadan , Qi Senqing , Zhang Fengqing , Ball Linden J , Duan Haijun
Published: August 2023

Stress is a major external factor threatening creative activity. The study explored whether left-lateralized activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex manipulated through transcranial direct current stimulation could alleviate stress-induced impairment in creativity. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to explore the underlying neural mechanisms. Ninety female participants were randomly assigned to three groups that received stress induction with sham stimulation, stress induction with true stimulation (anode over the left and cathode over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), and control manipulation with sham stimulation, respectively. Participants underwent the stress or control task after the transcranial direct current stimulation manipulation, and then completed the Alternative Uses Task to measure creativity. Behavioral results showed that transcranial direct current stimulation reduced stress responses in heart rate and anxiety. The functional near-infrared spectroscopy results revealed that transcranial direct current stimulation alleviated dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex under stress, as evidenced by higher activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and frontopolar cortex, as well as stronger inter-hemispheric and intra-hemispheric functional connectivity within the prefrontal cortex. Further analysis demonstrated that the cortical regulatory effect prevented creativity impairment induced by stress. The findings validated the hemispheric asymmetry hypothesis regarding stress and highlighted the potential for brain stimulation to alleviate stress-related mental disorders and enhance creativity.
Reversible severe pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure with cardiogenic shock due to scurvy: a case report
Authors: Kurnick Adam , Zaveri Sahil , Tadayoni Ashkan , Chandrakumar Harshith P , John Sabu
Published: August 2023

Background

The systemic complications of vitamin C deficiency, otherwise known as scurvy, have been well-documented in history. Few case reports have documented severe cardiopulmonary complications such as right heart failure (RHF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Case summary

A 25-year-old female presented to the hospital with two weeks of progressive fatigue, dyspnoea, myalgias, and arthralgias. She was admitted for symptomatic anaemia requiring transfusion. Her symptoms persisted and she developed severe PH and RHF, complicated by cardiogenic shock and multiple episodes of cardiac arrest. She was found to have severe vitamin C deficiency secondary to a severely self-restricted diet. After repletion of vitamin C, the patient had complete resolution of RHF and PH.

Discussion

This case adds to the sparse literature documenting severe cardiopulmonary complications of vitamin C deficiency. We believe that this is the first adult case of scurvy causing RHF and PH leading to cardiogenic shock and episodes of cardiac arrest. There are multiple hypotheses on the pathogenesis of scurvy-associated PH and RHF, including overactivation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors and deficiency of vitamin C’s vasodilatory effect that acts through increased nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. When recognized, early vitamin C repletion may prevent severe cardiopulmonary complications of scurvy.
Whole-genome phylogeography of the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis
Authors: Stankowski Sean , Zagrodzka Zuzanna B , Galindo Juan , Montaño-Rendón Mauricio , Faria Rui , Mikhailova Natalia , Blakeslee April M H , Arnason Einar , Broquet Thomas , Morales Hernán E , Grahame John W , Westram Anja M , Johannesson Kerstin , Butlin Roger K
Published: August 2023

Understanding the factors that have shaped the current distributions and diversity of species is a central and longstanding aim of evolutionary biology. The recent inclusion of genomic data into phylogeographic studies has dramatically improved our understanding in organisms where evolutionary relationships have been challenging to infer. We used whole-genome sequences to study the phylogeography of the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis, which has successfully colonized and diversified across a broad range of coastal environments in the Northern Hemisphere amid repeated cycles of glaciation. Building on past studies based on short DNA sequences, we used genome-wide data to provide a clearer picture of the relationships among samples spanning most of the species natural range. Our results confirm the trans-Atlantic colonization of North America from Europe, and have allowed us to identify rough locations of glacial refugia and to infer likely routes of colonization within Europe. We also investigated the signals in different datasets to account for the effects of genomic architecture and non-neutral evolution, which provides new insights about diversification of four ecotypes of L. saxatilis (the crab, wave, barnacle, and brackish ecotypes) at different spatial scales. Overall, we provide a much clearer picture of the biogeography of L. saxatilis, providing a foundation for more detailed phylogenomic and demographic studies.
Does Future Time Perspective Moderate Associations of Instrumental and Affective Attitude With Exercise Behavior? A Three-Wave Longitudinal Survey Among Japanese Older Adults
Authors: Harada Kazuhiro , Masumoto Kouhei , Okada Shuichi
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To develop effective promotion strategies for exercise behavior in older adults, it is essential to identify the psychological determinants. Previous studies investigated affective and instrumental attitudes as determinants. However, from the conceptual assumptions of socioemotional selectivity theory, affective attitudes might be more influential on the exercise behavior of older adults with an expansive future time perspective, whereas instrumental attitudes would be more influential on those with limited perspectives. This study examined whether the associations of affective and instrumental attitudes with behavioral intention and exercise behavior differed according to future time perspective among older Japanese adults.

Methods

Data were obtained from a 3-wave longitudinal questionnaire survey of 886 individuals (Wave 1: December 2017–January 2018; Wave 2, 1-year follow-up; Wave 3, 3-year follow-up). Using the data on exercise behavior, affective and instrumental attitudes, and behavioral intention at each wave, and the data of future time perspective and demographic factors at Wave 1, this study performed multiple regression analyses and a multigroup cross-lagged model.

Results

Affective attitude was a significant predictor of behavioral intention regardless of future time perspective. Although instrumental attitude significantly predicted behavioral intention among those with a lower future time perspective, it did not predict behavioral intention among those with middle-to-higher future time perspective. Regardless of future time perspective, affective attitude, but not instrumental attitude, significantly predicted exercise behavior.

Discussion

Unlike the socioemotional selectivity theory, this study found that affective attitude was more influential on exercise behavior than instrumental attitude regardless of future time perspective among them.
An effector of Erysiphe necator translocates to chloroplasts and plasma membrane to suppress host immunity in grapevine
Authors: Mu Bo , Teng Zhaolin , Tang Ruixin , Lu Mengjiao , Chen Jinfu , Xu Xiangnan , Wen Ying-Qiang
Published: August 2023

The powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) is a prevalent pathogen hampering grapevine growth in the vineyard. An arsenal of candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) was encoded in the E. necator genome, but it is largely unclear what role CSEPs plays during the E. necator infection. In the present study, we identified a secreted effector CSEP080 of E. necator, which was located in plant chloroplasts and plasma membrane. Transient expressing CSEP080 promotes plant photosynthesis and inhibits INF1-induced cell death in tobacco leaves. We found that CSEP080 was a necessary effector for the E. necator pathogenicity, which interacted with grapevine chloroplast protein VviB6f (cytochrome b6-f complex iron–sulfur subunit), affecting plant photosynthesis. Transient silencing VviB6f increased the plant hydrogen peroxide production, and the plant resistance to powdery mildew. In addition, CSEP080 manipulated the VviPE (pectinesterase) to promote pectin degradation. Our results demonstrated the molecular mechanisms that an effector of E. necator translocates to host chloroplasts and plasma membrane, which suppresses with the grapevine immunity system by targeting the chloroplast protein VviB6f to suppress hydrogen peroxide accumulation and manipulating VviPE to promote pectin degradation.
The Role of Locomotory Ancestry on Secondarily Aquatic Transitions
Authors: Formoso Kiersten K , Habib Michael B , Vélez-Juarbe Jorge
Published: August 2023

Synopsis

Land-to-sea evolutionary transitions are great transformations where terrestrial amniote clades returned to aquatic environments. These secondarily aquatic amniote clades include charismatic marine mammal and marine reptile groups, as well as countless semi-aquatic forms that modified their terrestrial locomotor anatomy to varying degrees to be suited for swimming via axial and/or appendicular propulsion. The terrestrial ancestors of secondarily aquatic groups would have started off swimming strikingly differently from one another given their evolutionary histories, as inferred by the way modern terrestrial amniotes swim. With such stark locomotor functional differences between reptiles and mammals, we ask if this impacted these transitions. Axial propulsion appears favored by aquatic descendants of terrestrially sprawling quadrupedal reptiles, with exceptions. Appendicular propulsion is more prevalent across the aquatic descendants of ancestrally parasagittal-postured mammals, particularly early transitioning forms. Ancestral terrestrial anatomical differences that precede secondarily aquatic invasions between mammals and reptiles, as well as the distribution of axial and appendicular swimming in secondarily aquatic clades, may indicate that ancestral terrestrial locomotor anatomy played a role, potentially in both constraint and facilitation, in certain aquatic locomotion styles. This perspective of the land-to-sea transition can lead to new avenues of functional, biomechanical, and developmental study of secondarily aquatic transitions.