bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic probing of the first dredge-up event through the eccentric red-giant and red-giant spectroscopic binary KIC 9163796
Authors: Beck P. G. , Kallinger T. , Pavlovski K. , Palacios A. , Tkachenko A. , Mathis S. , García R. A. , Corsaro E. , Johnston C. , Mosser B. , Ceillier T. , do Nascimento J.-D. , Raskin G.
Published: December 2017

Context.Binaries in double-lined spectroscopic systems (SB2) provide a homogeneous set of stars. Differences of parameters, such as age or initial conditions, which otherwise would have strong impact on the stellar evolution, can be neglected. The observed differences are determined by the difference in stellar mass between the two components. The mass ratio can be determined with much higher accuracy than the actual stellar mass.

Aim.In this work, we aim to study the eccentric binary system KIC 9163796, whose two components are very close in mass and both are low-luminosity red-giant stars.

Methods.We analysed four years ofKeplerspace photometry and we obtained high-resolution spectroscopy with theHermesinstrument. The orbital elements and the spectra of both components were determined using spectral disentangling methods. The effective temperatures, and metallicities were extracted from disentangled spectra of the two stars. Mass and radius of the primary were determined through asteroseismology. The surface rotation period of the primary is determined from theKeplerlight curve. From representative theoretical models of the star, we derived the internal rotational gradient, while for a grid of models, the measured lithium abundance is compared with theoretical predictions.

Results.From seismology the primary of KIC 9163796 is a star of 1.39 ± 0.06M⊙, while the spectroscopic mass ratio between both components can be determined with much higher precision by spectral disentangling to be 1.015 ± 0.005. With such mass and a difference in effective temperature of 600 K from spectroscopy, the secondary and primary are, respectively, in the early and advanced stage of the first dredge-up event on the red-giant branch. The period of the primary’s surface rotation resembles the orbital period within ten days. The radial rotational gradient between the surface and core in KIC 9163796 is found to be 6.9−1.0+2.0. This is a low value but not exceptional if compared to the sample of typical single field stars. The seismic average of the envelope’s rotation agrees with the surface rotation rate. The lithium’abundance is in agreement with quasi rigidly rotating models.

Conclusions.The agreement between the surface rotation with the seismic result indicates that the full convective envelope is rotating quasi-rigidly. The models of the lithium abundance are compatible with a rigid rotation in the radiative zone during the main sequence. Because of the many constraints offered by oscillating stars in binary systems, such objects are important test beds of stellar evolution.
Supervised detection of exoplanets in high-contrast imaging sequences
Authors: Gomez Gonzalez C. A. , Absil O. , Van Droogenbroeck M.
Published: December 2017

Context.Post-processing algorithms play a key role in pushing the detection limits of high-contrast imaging (HCI) instruments. State-of-the-art image processing approaches for HCI enable the production of science-ready images relying on unsupervised learning techniques, such as low-rank approximations, for generating a model point spread function (PSF) and subtracting the residual starlight and speckle noise.

Aims.In order to maximize the detection rate of HCI instruments and survey campaigns, advanced algorithms with higher sensitivities to faint companions are needed, especially for the speckle-dominated innermost region of the images.

Methods.We propose a reformulation of the exoplanet detection task (for ADI sequences) that builds on well-established machine learning techniques to take HCI post-processing from an unsupervised to a supervised learning context. In this new framework, we present algorithmic solutions using two different discriminative models: SODIRF (random forests) and SODINN (neural networks). We test these algorithms on real ADI datasets from VLT/NACO and VLT/SPHERE HCI instruments. We then assess their performances by injecting fake companions and using receiver operating characteristic analysis. This is done in comparison with state-of-the-art ADI algorithms, such as ADI principal component analysis (ADI-PCA).

Results.This study shows the improved sensitivity versus specificity trade-off of the proposed supervised detection approach. At the diffraction limit, SODINN improves the true positive rate by a factor ranging from ~2 to ~10 (depending on the dataset and angular separation) with respect to ADI-PCA when working at the same false-positive level.

Conclusions.The proposed supervised detection framework outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in the task of discriminating planet signal from speckles. In addition, it offers the possibility of re-processing existing HCI databases to maximize their scientific return and potentially improve the demographics of directly imaged exoplanets.
Reversal of Oral Anticoagulants for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients: Best Strategies
Authors: Fuh Lanting , Sin Jonathan , Goldstein Joshua , Hayes Bryan
Published: December 2017

In patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), one of the major concerns is ongoing bleeding or ICH expansion. Anticoagulated patients are at higher risk of ongoing expansion and worse outcome. It may be that rapid anticoagulation reversal can reduce the risk of expansion and improve clinical outcome. For those taking coumarins, the best available evidence suggests that intravenous vitamin K combined with four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) is the most rapid and effective regimen to restore hemostasis. For those on dabigatran, the highest quality data available for reversal are for idarucizumab, although it is not yet clear whether patients derive clinical benefit from this reversal. In the absence or failure of idarucizumab, activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) is recommended. For those on factor Xa inhibitors, the ideal reversal agent is not clear. Many providers use 4F-PCC or aPCC, but more specific agents are in clinical trials and may soon be available. In addition, the half-lives of the non–vitamin K antagonists are relatively short compared with warfarin, and so some patients may not have a clinically relevant coagulopathy at the time of presentation. Overall, the optimal reversal agent, when one is required, is a function of which anticoagulant the patient is taking.
Quintessence of Foods that Heal after Surgery
Authors: Shukla Chetna
Published: December 2017

In my work with individualised foods, I recognised that some patients improved more rapidly than others, when they consumed foods that were nourishing and that addressed their nutritional deficiencies and dispositional deficiencies. This article is about foods that aid in healing after surgery. Surgeons say: ‘your body needs good food to rebuild and recover. I have done my part. Now your immune system and good food will take care!’ Examining the phenomenon around surgical intervention I saw a dynamic link between foods, popularly prescribed by nutritionists for healing after surgery and those prescribed on the Law of Similar.
I Feel ‘Being Outcast’: A Case of Hura brasiliensis
Authors: Goel Aman
Published: December 2017

This is a case based on my personal experience at Cure Foundation, Meerut, with the remedy Hura brasiliensis. In accordance with the sensation way of practicing homeopathy, this case study reveals the essence of Hura brasiliensis, as a remedy while understanding the core value of Leprosy miasm in the autoimmune disease of psoriasis. Hura brasiliensis, being the principle remedy of Leprosy miasm, incorporates the sensation of ‘being outcast’ from the world and ‘being unfortunate’.
A Case Report on Diabetic Foot Gangrene
Authors: Murthy Deepthi , Murthy Krishna
Published: December 2017

We report a case of diabetic foot gangrene that was treated with homeopathic therapy which avoided a need for amputation of the limb. From this case report, we would like to suggest that there are better options like homeopathic therapy for a patient with diabetic foot gangrene rather than considering them for the amputation.
Linking Provings and Sources
Authors: Wichmann Jörg
Published: December 2017

Since there is great interest in new homeopathic remedies, new provings and new systems for grouping and understanding remedies, Homoeopathic Links wants to inform all homeopaths via this rubric about new developments. Proving conductors are invited to send their provings to us. We will mention the proving in the column and you can decide whether you also want the proving on the Web site (www.provings.info) and/or make it available by email. Besides sending the proving, you can also opt for an article about the proving that is restricted to 900 words (one page). In this article, you can include information on the substance, where to get the remedy, themes coming out of the proving and a very short description of the methodology.

The Web site where you can find all provings is www.provings.info.

Presented here is a review of Paul Anderson Theriault's landmark book ‘The Table of Animals’.
About a Woman Searching for Her Body
Authors: Van Hootegem Henk
Published: December 2017

This is a report of a 17-year-long therapy of a woman with severely disturbed body image and fragmentation of self-consciousness. I want to focus not only on the healing effect of the homeopathic medicine but also on the importance of a stable, containing therapeutic relationship where there is space and time for working with dreams, integrating ‘negative’ emotions and thoughts and becoming conscious of transference with the therapist.
Constitutional Treatment versus Clinical Homeopathy
Authors: Abermann Christoph
Published: December 2017

Constitutional treatment by the Kent method is quite often not successful where severe diseases are involved. In such cases, it is better, when looking for a homoeopathic remedy, to go by the pathology of the disease and its accompanying symptoms. A detailed list of the other situations is provided —apart from severe pathologies—where what is called clinical prescription is beneficial. As a homoeopath, one has to have two tool kits: one for constitutional prescription and one for clinical prescription. The numerous differences between the two methods with regards to choice of remedy and potency, the repetition of the remedy and case management are illustrated in a table.
Nicht steroidale Antirheumatika und gastrointestinales Risiko
Authors: Bolten Wolfgang
Published: December 2017

Bei somatischen muskuloskelettalen Schmerzerkrankungen werden nicht steroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) mit Erfolg schmerz- und entzündungslindernd eingesetzt. Dazu hemmen sie die parakrine Synthese von Prostaglandinen (PG), die sowohl schmerzvermittelnd wirken, an anderer Stelle aber „house keeping“ Effekte haben. Dem Organismus stehen für die PG Synthese die Isoenzyme COX-1 und die induzierbare COX-2 zur Verfügung. Durch die Hemmung der COX-1 und konsekutiver Senkung der PG- Spiegel entstehen gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen der GI-Mukosa. Im Gegensatz zu den traditionellen NSAR hemmen Coxibe selektiv die COX-2 und verursachen deshalb weniger GI-Probleme. Die Komedikation mit Protonenpumpenhemmern oder mit einem synthetischen PG-Analogon senkt die Ulkusrate ebenfalls. Auch andere nicht PG-abhängige Mechanismen schützen die Mukosa. Sie können ebenfalls durch NSAR gestört werden.
Traumata an der Wirbelsäule bei Patienten des rheumatischen Formenkreises
Authors: Delank Karl-Stefan , Planert Michael
Published: December 2017

Die Wirbelsäule des Patienten mit einer rheumatischen Grunderkrankung ist bei einer traumatischen Krafteinwirkung in vielerlei Hinsicht besonders gefährdet. Das mehr oder weniger ankylosierte Achsenskelett des Patienten mit einem Morbus Bechterew kann auch bei geringen Traumata infolge der langen Hebelarme leicht frakturieren. Infolge der verminderten Beweglichkeit, der gesenkten Blickachse und der Beteiligung peripherer Gelenke ist das Sturzrisiko dieser Patienten generell erhöht. Bei diesen Patienten ist eine biomechanisch angepasste, langstreckige mehrsegmentale Versorgung notwendig um eine ausreichende Stabilität zu erzielen. Moderne Implantate ermöglichen z. B. durch Zementaugmentation oder ein spezifisches Implantatdesign eine angemessene Verankerung. Im Frakturfall kann ggf. auch die Aufrichtung einer vorbestehenden Kyphose erfolgen. Hier ist allerdings das nicht unerhebliche neurologische Komplikationsrisiko zu beachten. Patienten mit einer chronischen Polyarthritis sind im Wesentlichen im Fall eines Traumas durch eine mehr oder weniger ausgeprägte Instabilität im Bereich der oberen Halswirbelsäule gefährdet. Aufgrund der überwiegend ligamentären Führung im Bereich des kraniozervikalen Überganges, kann es als Folge der entzündlich-destruierenden Krankheitsaktivität zu einer Instabilität insbesondere im Bewegungssegment C1/2 kommen. Diese Veränderungen gehen oftmals mit unspezifischen, eher geringen Beschwerden einher. Eine akute traumatische Belastung der oberen Halswirbelsäule kann aber zur Manifestation einer relevanten Dislokation führen. Eine dadurch ausgelöste Kompression nervaler Strukturen kann akute vital bedrohliche Zustände hervorrufen. Die frühzeitige chirurgische Stabilisation ist notwendig um das diesbezügliche Risiko zu reduzieren. Die Minderung der Knochendichte ist fast allen Patienten mit einer Erkrankung des rheumatischen Formenkreises gemeinsam. Ursachen sind neben der Grunderkrankung v. a. die medikamentöse Therapie bspw. mit Steroiden. Hinzu kommt eine durch Immobilität hervorgerufene Osteoporose. Alle mit der Osteoporose verbundenen besonderen Aspekte der traumatisierten Wirbelsäule sind daher grundsätzlich auch bei Patienten mit einer Erkrankung des rheumatischen Formenkreises zu berücksichtigen.
Blick über den Zaun
Authors: Herzog Philipp
Published: December 2017

Bei dem Text handelt es sich um die Ausarbeitung eines Vortrags, der auf dem Satellitensymposium der Deutschen Balint Gesellschaft (DBG) und der Deutschen Ärztlichen Gesellschaft für Verhaltenstherapie (DÄVT) auf dem Deutschen Kongress für Psychosomatische Medizin Berlin im März 2017 gehalten wurde. Die Balint-Gruppenleiterausbildung in der American Balint Society (ABS) in ihren didaktischen Implikationen und ihrem theoretischen Hintergrund wird den entsprechenden Konzepten in der Deutsche Balint Gesellschaft gegenübergestellt. Trotz unterschiedlicher didaktischer Vorgehensweisen orientieren sich beide an den Richtlinien der International Balint Federation (IBF) für die Balint-Gruppenleiterausbildung. Im Hinblick auf die geplante Kooperation zwischen DBG und DÄVT wird die Interaktionelle Fallarbeit (IFA) als Konzept mit lerntheoretischem Hintergrund diskutiert.
Ernährung bei metabolischem Syndrom – Stoffwechseloptimierung statt nur Gewichtsreduktion
Authors: Walle Hardy
Published: December 2017

Entgegen früherer Annahmen sind metabolisches Syndrom und Zivilisationskrankheiten nicht auf Adipositas zurückzuführen, sondern auf die Nichtalkoholische Fettleber (NAFLD), die auch bei normalem Körpergewicht auftreten kann. Bereits eine Gewichtsreduktion von 4–5 kg innerhalb von 14 Tagen verbessert die Stoffwechsellage, wobei primär ektopes Fett in der Leber und anderen Organen reduziert werden muss. Leberfasten nach Dr. Worm ist eine effektive Therapie zur Leberentfettung, an die sich eine Lebensstiländerung mit regelmäßiger Bewegung und Ernährungsumstellung anschließen sollte.
Veränderungen der Zahnbogendimension nach forcierter Gaumennahterweiterung bei Patienten mit Klasse-II-Malokklusion – eine retrospektive Modellstudie
Authors: Jungbauer Rebecca , Thiradilok Sasipa , Holberg Christof , Rudzki Ingrid , Proff Peter , Kirschneck Christian
Published: December 2017

Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war es, Veränderungen der Zahnbogendimension bei Patienten im Wechselgebiss mit Klasse-II-Malokklusion nach Gaumennahterweiterung, anschließender Multiband-Multibracket-Therapie und Retention darzustellen und mit einer nicht behandelten Kontrollgruppe zu vergleichen.
Vorhersage des kieferorthopädischen Langzeiterfolges bei Klasse-III-Patienten
Authors: Biedermann Rainer
Published: December 2017

Choi YJ, Chang JE, Chung CJ, Tahk JH, Kim KH. Prediction of long-term success of orthopedic treatment in skeletal Class III malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017 Aug;152(2):193–203. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.12.018.
Demenzfreundliches Krankenhaus
Authors: Thomas Hans-Peter , Schlauß Eckehard
Published: December 2017

Die hohe Prävalenz von Menschen mit Demenz (MmD) stellt Allgemeinkrankenhäuser vor große Probleme. Ein Großteil dieser Patienten bleibt zudem
unerkannt mit vielfältigen negativen Folgen. MmD weisen ein hohes Risiko für Komplikationen auf und für die Mitarbeiter stellen sie häufig
eine Belastung dar. Um MmD sicher und bedürfnisbasiert durch den Aufenthalt zu begleiten, müssen Kliniken entsprechende Strukturen auf
personeller, organisatorischer und architektonischer Grundlage entwickeln.

Dieser Artikel beschreibt spezifische Maßnahmen, die im Ev. Krankenhaus Königin Elisabeth Herzberge umgesetzt wurden, um demenzfreundliche
Strukturen zu etablieren. Diese fokussieren auf Schulungen von Mitarbeitern, patientenorientierte Prozesse, aber auch bauliche Maßnahmen wie
Farb- und Orientierungskonzepte.
Sarkopenie
Authors: Spira Dominik , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Norman Kristina , Eckardt-Felmberg Rahel
Published: December 2017

Unter Sarkopenie versteht man den altersassoziierten Verlust an Muskelmasse und -funktion, der mit zunehmendem Ausmaß erhebliche klinische
Relevanz besitzt, z. B. was die selbstständige Ausführung der Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens angeht. Mittlerweile existieren ein
ICD-10-CM-Code und mehrere von Fachgesellschaften und in Konsensusdokumenten festgeschriebene diagnostische Kriterien. Die vorliegende
Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Prävalenz, die zugrunde liegende Pathophysiologie sowie die Folgen der Sarkopenie. Ein weiterer
Schwerpunkt sind die Methoden und Problemstellungen in der Diagnostik und die nach aktuellem Kenntnisstand möglichen therapeutischen
Ansätze.
Versorgung chronischer Wunden
Authors: Aykaç Volkan
Published: December 2017

Chronische Wunden treten sehr häufig in der Versorgung älterer Menschen auf. Studien zufolge gibt es alleine in Deutschland etwa 2,7
Millionen Wundpatienten, von denen ca. 890 000 an chronischen Wunden leiden 1. Die Behandlung chronischer
Wunden ist aufwendig und teuer und bedarf daher besonders guter Kenntnisse. Die Kenntnis der Wundheilungsphasen und der stadiengerechte
Einsatz der verschiedenen Wundauflagen sind Grundvoraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche lokale Therapie. Die lokale Wundtherapie macht aber
nur dann Sinn, wenn die zugrunde liegenden Ursachen der chronischen Wunde mitbehandelt werden.
Standard Changing News der Senologie und Gynäkologischen Onkologie
Authors: Rauh Claudia , Jud Sebastian M. , Hein Alexander , Hack Carolin C. , Fasching Peter A. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Lux Michael P.
Published: December 2017

Zahlreiche Studienergebnisse, Kongressbeiträge, Publikationen sowie neue Zulassungen des vergangenen Jahres führen zu neuen therapeutischen
Optionen, die die bisherigen Standards in der Therapie der Patientin mit einem Mammakarzinom ändern oder ergänzen. Aufgrund der komplexen
Therapielandschaft steht die individuelle Therapiestrategie auf Basis einer interdisziplinären Tumorkonferenz im Fokus. Grundlage ist
zunächst die adäquate Diagnostik mit der histologischen Sicherung und Charakterisierung des Tumors. Neue therapeutische Möglichkeiten sind
u. a. die CDK4/6-Inhibitoren zur Überwindung der endokrinen Resistenz beim Hormonrezeptor-positiven Mammakarzinom, die Immunoonkologie für
das triple-negative Mammakarzinom und die PARP-Inhibitoren für die Subgruppe der BRCA-assoziierten Mammakarzinome. Auch in der
gynäkologischen Onkologie verändern sich bestehende therapeutische Standards. Für das Ovarialkarzinom konnten neue Daten zur Wertigkeit der
systematischen Lymphonodektomie gezeigt werden, auf die bei speziellen Kriterien zukünftig ggf. ohne Überlebensnachteil verzichtet werden
kann. Die Daten der DESKTOP-III-Studie können die Planung der operativen Therapie des Ovarialkarzinomrezidivs individualisieren. Weitere
interessante Ansätze gibt es zur medikamentösen Therapie des platinsensitiven Ovarialkarzinomrezidivs. In Bezug auf das
Hochrisiko-Endometriumkarzinom wurde die adjuvante Chemotherapie mit Carboplatin und Paclitaxel als Standard bestätigt, und beim
metastasierten Zervixkarzinom bietet der PD-L1-Antikörper einen interessanten neuen Ansatzpunkt.
Skelettale und dentoalveoläre Veränderung bei der Behandlung einer Klasse-II-Malokklusion mit dem BioBiteCorrector: eine retrospektiv radiologische Studie
Authors: Palenberg Ulrike , Pasin Enrico , Crismani Adriano
Published: December 2017

Die Angle Klasse II ist die in unseren Breitengraden am häufigsten auftretende Malokklusion und somit nimmt diese Anomalie ein großes Behandlungsfeld in der Kieferorthopädie ein. Der BioBiteCorrector (BBC) ist ein Non-Compliance-Gerät zur Korrektur eine Klasse II ähnlich der Herbstapparatur, jedoch wird der BBC direkt an den Bögen der Multibracketapparatur fixiert. Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war es, die skelettalen und dentoalveolären Auswirkungen des BBCs zu eruieren.

Dafür wurden jeweils 2 laterale Fernröntgenaufnahmen von 36 Patienten analysiert. Das erste Röntgenbild wurde kurz vor Einbringung (T1) des BBCs gemacht und das Zweite nach der Abnahme (T2) der gesamten Apparatur. Die Patienten hatten ein durchschnittliches Alter von 14,5 Jahren zum Zeitpunkt der Behandlung und trugen den BBC im Durchschnitt 6,1 Monate lang. Bei der Fernröntgenanalyse wurden u. a. die Parameter SNA-, SNB-, ANB-Winkel und Wits-Wert erhoben. Außerdem wurde die Distanz definierter Punkte zur Okklusionslinie perpendiculare (Olp), eine durch den Sellapunkt senkrecht auf die Okklusionsebene konstruierten Linie, gemessen (Olp-A, Olp-Pog, Olp-UJ1, Olp-LJ1, Olp-Pog+Cond).

Die Ergebnisse zeigten eine signifikante Veränderung der Position des Pogonions sowie des APunktes. Hinzu kam eine signifikante sagittale Längenzunahme der Mandibula, was für einen skelettalen Effekt der Apparatur spricht.
Imagining a future without dementia: fictions of regeneration and the crises of work and sustainability
Authors: Burke Lucy
Published: December 2017

Abstract

This essay explores the kind of cultural and ideological work effected by the concept of dementia in contemporary popular culture in the global north through a critical reading of three ‘genre’ texts: Renny Harlin’s action movie meets sci-fi,Deep Blue Sea(1999), Vernor Vinge’s speculative fictionRainbows End(2007) and Rupert Wyatt’s sci-fi drama,Rise of the Planet of the Apes(2011), all of which engage with the possibility of neural regeneration and a cure for dementia. Dominant epistemologies of dementia and ageing often focus on the potentially unsustainable social and economic burden presented by an ageing population and the obligation to meet the needs of older people living with impairments. Exploring the articulation of these economic and political arguments alongside an analysis of the promissory discourses of bio-gerontology and neuroscience, this essay considers the ways in which dementia has emerged as an over-determined point of tangency upon which particular ideas about ageing, mortality, human value, sustainability and futurity are played out. The analysis of the cultural texts presented here exposes the limits of market and individual oriented responses to dementia and ageing within the broader context of what Nick Srnicek and Alex Williams have described as the ‘emerging crisis of work and surplus populations’. This paper argues that an exploration of the ideological fault-lines, imaginary resolutions and forms of wish fulfilment that emerge in the films and novel, enable us to identify the ideological limitations of the neoliberal discourses that circumscribe the ways in which we currently understand dementia and our imaginative investments in the promise of its cure.
Predicting the occurrence of an endangered reptile based on habitat attributes
Authors: Gorissen Sarsha , Baird Ian R. C. , Greenlees Matthew , Sherieff Ahamad N. , Shine Richard
Published: December 2017

The endangered Blue Mountains water skink (Eulamprus leuraensis), a habitat specialist known from approximately 60 threatened highland peat swamps, is the sole endemic vertebrate of the Blue Mountains region, Australia. We quantified the species’ habitat associations by surveying 10 such swamps annually for three years. We scored habitat features and trapped skinks, comparing habitat attributes of trap sites where skinks were and were not captured. The distribution of E. leuraensis was non-random: skinks were found at sites with high values for some variables (soil moisture, live vegetation, surface water, understorey density and numbers of burrows) and low values for others (dead vegetation, logs, rocks, bare ground, canopy cover, sunlight penetration and numbers of invertebrates), and were mostly found in sites that were close to surface water and far from trees and logs. Eulamprus leuraensis is widely distributed within swamps, with weak associations between microhabitat variation and skink presence. Skink abundance and mean body size were highest within swamp centres, decreasing towards the margins; larger skinks were found closer to water, gravid female skinks were found at wetter sites and juveniles occupied marginal habitat. Skinks were rarely recaptured >10 m from their original site, with adult males travelling further than adult females and juveniles. We developed a quick field detection method for managers to assess the likely presence of E. leuraensis using two habitat attributes (soil moisture and burrow abundance). We mapped the species’ known and predicted habitat using GIS spatial layers, including locality records, associated vegetation communities and digital elevation models.
A revision of Cassinia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in Australia. 7. Cassinia subgenus Achromolaena
Authors: Orchard A. E.
Published: December 2017

The present paper completes a revision of the endemic Australian genus Cassinia R.Br. Cassinia subgenus Achromolaena comprises two sections, namely, section Achromolaena of seven species (C. laevis, C. arcuata, C. uncata, C. tenuifolia, C. collina, C. subtropica, and C. quinquefaria), and Cassinia section Siftonia, which contains two species (C. sifton and C. theodorii). Cassinia laevis is divided into western (C. laevis subsp. laevis) and eastern (C. laevis subsp. rosmarinifolia (A.Cunn.) Orchard, comb. et stat. nov.) taxa. Examination of the type of C. arcuata showed that this name is synonymous with C. paniculata, and applies to a relatively rare taxon with whitish capitula arranged in short erect compact panicles, and found in Western Australia, the midlands of South Australia, western Victoria and (formerly) south-western New South Wales. Furthermore, it belongs to section Achromolaena. The taxon with red to brown capitula, widespread throughout south-eastern Australia, which until now has been (incorrectly) known as C. arcuata (Sifton bush) is distinct, but lacks a published name. The name Cassinia sifton Orchard, sp. nov. is here proposed for this taxon. An unfortunate outcome of this discovery is that the sectional name Cassinia section Arcuatae, with C. arcuata as type, becomes synonymous with section Achromolaena. The new name Cassinia section Siftonia is proposed to accommodate Sifton bush (C. sifton) and its narrowly endemic sister species C. theodorii. A summary of the whole genus is provided, with keys to all taxa. Three former subspecies of C. macrocephala are raised to species rank (C. petrapendula (Orchard) Orchard, C. storyi (Orchard) Orchard, C. tenuis (Orchard) Orchard), and it is suggested that C. furtiva Orchard may be conspecific with C. straminea (Benth.) Orchard.
New thoughts on an old puzzle
Authors: Maiden Martin
Published: December 2017

This study addresses the peculiar pattern of root-allomorphy exhibited by the Italo-Romance preterite. Stimulated by a recent study by Mark Elson, which depends on upholding the traditional view that the phenomenon in Italo-Romance is attributable to sound change and to the subsequent analogical extension of its paradigmatic effects, I review familiar and new examples both from Italo-Romance and from Ibero-Romance, arguing instead that the available evidence casts doubt on the phonological interpretation, and strongly favours an interpretation couched in purely morphological terms.
El tema de la autoridad y el poder en las tragedias tempranas de Calderón
Authors: Escudero Baztán Juan Manuel
Published: December 2017

This paper deals with the model of Renaissance tragedy in Calderon’s first tragedies. In this model, the topic of the changing Fortune is essential in the configuration of the tragic structure of the play. Its use determines, in some of his early works, the possibility of establishing certain and recognizable patterns in the construction of the main characters, through the interaction of two fundamental principles of the public function, with different applications – and located between the limits of the political and moral qualities defined by the social praxis – : the authority and the use of power. Thus, Zenobia, Aurelian and Decio exemplify opposites models in relation of these two principles of political theory.
Food Abundance and Violent Conflict in Africa
Authors: Koren Ore
Published: December 2017

Scholars debate whether climate change has a consistent effect on the likelihood of armed conflict in Africa. One major pathway by which climatic variability is hypothesized to increase conflict is by decreasing food availability. However, limitations on food access at both the local and national levels in many developing African countries force most armed groups and communities to depend on locally‐produced food. These actors are therefore likely to use violence to establish control over more food resources or be stationed where more food is available, suggesting that food abundance might also be driving conflict. The present study employs novel data on wheat and maize yields in Africa measured at the very local level to empirically evaluate this hypothesis on a highly disaggregated conflict indicator. To account for the endogenous relationship between conflict and food production, average local levels of drought are used as an instrument. The findings show that, contrary to previous expectations, conflict is driven by higher yields, on average, and not by scarcity.
Genetic analysis reveals harvested Lethrinus nebulosus in the Southwest Indian Ocean comprise two cryptic species
Authors: Healey Amy J E , Gouws Gavin , Fennessy Sean T , Kuguru Baraka , Sauer Warwick H H , Shaw Paul W , McKeown Niall J
Published: December 2017

This study initially aimed to investigate the genetic population/stock structuring of Lethrinus nebulosus in the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) to inform management practices in light of emerging evidence of overharvesting of this species throughout its distribution. Adult samples were genotyped for 14 nuclear microsatellites and by sequencing fragments of the mtDNA control region and COI gene. A salient feature of the data was the congruent cyto-nuclear partitioning of samples into two high divergent, reciprocally monophyletic groups. This indicates that despite no a priori evidence, hitherto described L. nebulosus in the SWIO comprises two cryptic species that co-occur among southern samples. This intermingling indicates that, at least in southern samples, both species are being indiscriminately harvested, which may severely compromise sustainability. Limited microsatellite differentiation was detected within both species, though there was some evidence of isolation in the Mauritian population. In contrast, mtDNA revealed a pattern consistent with chaotic genetic patchiness, likely promoted by stochastic recruitment, which may necessitate a spatial bet-hedging approach to management to satisfy fishery management and conservation goals.
Planktivorous fish in a future Arctic Ocean of changing ice and unchanged photoperiod
Authors: Kaartvedt Stein , Titelman Josefin
Published: December 2017

Climate change drives fish and plankton species ranges toward the poles, often related to warmer waters mediating geographic distributions via changes in vital rates. Yet, the distribution of fish may also be governed by less acknowledged mechanisms. Ice limits access to air for physostomous fish filling their swimbladders at the surface. We hypothesize that release of ice constraints may facilitate northward expansion of physostomes, with implied impact on their zooplankton prey. On the other hand, even in a changing Arctic, the extreme high-latitude photoperiod will persist. The abundance of mesopelagic fish is low in the Arctic Ocean. Feeding conditions may be inferior during the darkness of winter and in light summer nights. If the photoperiod is constraining distributions, biogeographic boundaries of mesopelagic fish may be relatively unaffected by climate change. Alternatively, if low temperatures are their main constraint, we hypothesize that northward extensions in a warmer ocean may be detrimental to key Arctic copepods as we argue that their current success relates to low mortality during overwintering in the absence of mesopelagic fish. It is therefore essential to discriminate the role of the light climate at high latitudes from those related to temperatures for assessing future biogeographic boundaries.
Impact of problem-based charting on the utilization and accuracy of the electronic problem list
Authors: Li Ron C , Garg Trit , Cun Tony , Shieh Lisa , Krishnan Gomathi , Fang Daniel , Chen Jonathan H
Published: December 2017

Objective

Problem-based charting (PBC) is a method for clinician documentation in commercially available electronic medical record systems that integrates note writing and problem list management. We report the effect of PBC on problem list utilization and accuracy at an academic intensive care unit (ICU).

Materials and Methods

An interrupted time series design was used to assess the effect of PBC on problem list utilization, which is defined as the number of new problems added to the problem list by clinicians per patient encounter, and of problem list accuracy, which was determined by calculating the recall and precision of the problem list in capturing 5 common ICU diagnoses.

Results

In total, 3650 and 4344 patient records were identified before and after PBC implementation at Stanford Hospital. An increase of 2.18 problems (>50% increase) in the mean number of new problems added to the problem list per patient encounter can be attributed to the initiation of PBC. There was a significant increase in recall attributed to the initiation of PBC for sepsis (β = 0.45, P < .001) and acute renal failure (β = 0.2, P = .007), but not for acute respiratory failure, pneumonia, or venous thromboembolism.

Discussion

The problem list is an underutilized component of the electronic medical record that can be a source of clinician-structured data representing the patient’s clinical condition in real time. PBC is a readily available tool that can integrate problem list management into physician workflow.

Conclusion

PBC improved problem list utilization and accuracy at an academic ICU.
Disease Severity and Effective Parasite Multiplication Rate in Falciparum Malaria
Authors: Kingston Hugh W , Ghose Aniruddha , Plewes Katherine , Ishioka Haruhiko , Leopold Stije J , Maude Richard J , Paul Sanjib , Intharabut Benjamas , Silamut Kamorat , Woodrow Charles , Day Nicholas P J , Chotivanich Kesinee , Anstey Nicholas M , Hossain Amir , White Nicholas J , Dondorp Arjen M
Published: December 2017

Patients presenting with severe falciparum malaria in a Bangladeshi tertiary hospital had higher total parasite burden, estimated by parasitemia and plasma PfHRP2, than uncomplicated malaria patients despite shorter fever duration. This suggests that higher parasite multiplication rates (PMR) contribute to causing the higher biomass found in severe disease. Compared with patients without a history of previous malaria, patients with previous malaria carried a lower parasite biomass with similar fever duration at presentation, suggesting that host immunity reduces the PMR.
Cadherin-7 enhances Sonic Hedgehog signalling by preventing Gli3 repressor formation during neural tube patterning
Authors: Kawano Rie , Ohta Kunimasa , Lupo Giuseppe
Published: December 2017

Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is a ventrally enriched morphogen controlling dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube. In the dorsal spinal cord, Gli3 protein bound to suppressor-of-fused (Sufu) is converted into Gli3 repressor (Gli3R), which inhibits Shh-target genes. Activation of Shh signalling prevents Gli3R formation, promoting neural tube ventralization. We show that cadherin-7 (Cdh7) expression in the intermediate spinal cord region is required to delimit the boundary between the ventral and the dorsal spinal cord. We demonstrate that Cdh7 functions as a receptor for Shh and enhances Shh signalling. Binding of Shh to Cdh7 promotes its aggregation on the cell membrane and association of Cdh7 with Gli3 and Sufu. These interactions prevent Gli3R formation and cause Gli3 protein degradation. We propose that Shh can act through Cdh7 to limit intracellular movement of Gli3 protein and production of Gli3R, thus eliciting more efficient activation of Gli-dependent signalling.
An electronic device based on gold nanoparticles and tetraruthenated porphyrin as an electrochemical sensor for catechol
Authors: Sousa Luana M. , Vilarinho Luana M. , Ribeiro Gabriel H. , Bogado André L. , Dinelli Luís R.
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to obtain an electrochemical device between the electrostatic interaction of the electropolymerized porphyrin {CoTPyP[RuCl3(dppb)]4}, where TPyP = 5,10,15, 20-tetrapyridilphorphyrin and dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPsn−), to be used as a voltammetric sensor to determine catechol (CC). The modified electrode, labelled as [(CoTPRu4)n8+-BE]/AuNPsn−{where BE = bare electrode = glassy carbon electrode (GCE) or indium tin oxide (ITO)}, was made layer-by-layer. Initially, a cationic polymeric film was generated by electropolymerization of the {CoTPyP[RuCl3(dppb)]4} onto the surface of the bare electrode to produce an intermediary electrode [(CoTPRu4)n8+-BE]. Making the final electronic device also involves coating the electrode [(CoTPRu4)n8+-BE] using a colloidal suspension of AuNPsn−by electrostatic interaction between the species. Therefore, a bilayer labelled as [(CoTPRu4)n8+-BE]/AuNPsn−was produced and used as an electrochemical sensor for CC determination. The electrochemical behaviour of CC was investigated using cyclic voltammetry at [(CoTPRu4)n8+-GCE]/AuNPsn−electrode. Compared to the GCE, the [(CoTPRu4)n8+-GCE]/AuNPsn−showed higher electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of CC. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves for CC were 21–1357 µmol l−1with a high sensitivity of 108 µA µmol l−1 cm−2. The detection limit was 1.4 µmol l−1.
Effect of reaction solvent on hydroxyapatite synthesis in sol–gel process
Authors: Nazeer Muhammad Anwaar , Yilgor Emel , Yagci Mustafa Baris , Unal Ugur , Yilgor Iskender
Published: December 2017

Synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA) through sol–gel process in different solvent systems is reported. Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (CNTH) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP) were used as calcium and phosphorus precursors, respectively. Three different synthesis reactions were carried out by changing the solvent media, while keeping all other process parameters constant. A measure of 0.5 M aqueous DAHP solution was used in all reactions while CNTH was dissolved in distilled water, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and
N
,
N
-dimethylformamide (DMF) at a concentration of 0.5 M. Ammonia solution (28–30%) was used to maintain the pH of the reaction mixtures in the 10–12 range. All reactions were carried out at 40 ± 2°C for 4 h. Upon completion of the reactions, products were filtered, washed and calcined at 500°C for 2 h. It was clearly demonstrated through various techniques that the dielectric constant and polarity of the solvent mixture strongly influence the chemical structure and morphological properties of calcium phosphate synthesized. Water-based reaction medium, with highest dielectric constant, mainly produced β-calcium pyrophosphate (β-CPF) with a minor amount of HA. DMF/water system yielded HA as the major phase with a very minor amount of β-CPF. THF/water solvent system with the lowest dielectric constant resulted in the formation of pure HA.
Heart rate reveals torpor at high body temperatures in lowland tropical free-tailed bats
Authors: O'Mara M. Teague , Rikker Sebastian , Wikelski Martin , Ter Maat Andries , Pollock Henry S. , Dechmann Dina K. N.
Published: December 2017

Reduction in metabolic rate and body temperature is a common strategy for small endotherms to save energy. The daily reduction in metabolic rate and heterothermy, or torpor, is particularly pronounced in regions with a large variation in daily ambient temperature. This applies most strongly in temperate bat species (order Chiroptera), but it is less clear how tropical bats save energy if ambient temperatures remain high. However, many subtropical and tropical species use some daily heterothermy on cool days. We recorded the heart rate and the body temperature of free-ranging Pallas' mastiff bats (Molossus molossus) in Gamboa, Panamá, and showed that these individuals have low field metabolic rates across a wide range of body temperatures that conform to high ambient temperature. Importantly, low metabolic rates in controlled respirometry trials were best predicted by heart rate, and not body temperature. Molossus molossusenter torpor-like states characterized by low metabolic rate and heart rates at body temperatures of 32°C, and thermoconform across a range of temperatures. Flexible metabolic strategies may be far more common in tropical endotherms than currently known.
The muscle development transcriptome landscape of ovariectomized goat
Authors: Zhang Sihuan , Xu Han , Liu Xinfeng , Yang Qing , Pan Chuanying , Lei Chuzhao , Dang Ruihua , Chen Hong , Lan Xianyong
Published: December 2017

In practical production, almost all rams and about 50% of ewes are used to fatten. Researchers have proved that ewe ovariectomy could improve the productivity significantly, but the specific molecular mechanism is still unknown. In this study, five independent cDNA libraries (three and two from ovariectomized and normal ewe longissimus dorsi samples, respectively) were constructed to thoroughly explore the global transcriptome, further to reveal how the ovariectomized ewes influence muscle development by Illumina2000 sequencing technology. As a result, 205 358 transcripts and 118 264 unigenes were generated. 15 490 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were revealed and divided into six types, and the short repeat sequence SSR (monomers, dimers, trimers) was the domain type. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis found that the number of transition was greater than the number of transversion among the five libraries. Furthermore, 1612 differently expressed genes (DEGs) (Log2fold_change > 1 and
p 
< 0.05) were revealed between ovariectomized and normal ewe groups, in which 903 genes were expressed commonly in the two groups, and 288 and 421 genes were uniquely expressed in normal and ovariectomized ewe groups, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis categorized all unigenes into 555 GO terms and 56 DEGs were significantly categorized into 43 GO terms (
p 
< 0.05). KEGG enrichment analysis annotated 12 976 genes (containing 137 DEGs) to 86 pathways, among them 24 and 11 DEGs involved in development and reproduction associated pathways, respectively. To validate the reliability of the RNA-seq analysis, 22 candidate DEGs were randomly selected to perform quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The result showed that 9 and 1 genes were significantly and approximately significantly expressed in control and treatment group, respectively, and the results of RNA-seq are believable in this study. Overall, these results were helpful for elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle development of ovariectomized animals and the application of female ovariectomy in fattening.
Genome-wide association study of suicide death and polygenic prediction of clinical antecedents
Authors: Docherty Anna R. , Shabalin Andrey A. , DiBlasi Emily , Monson Eric , Mullins Niamh , Adkins Daniel E. , Bacanu Silviu-Alin , Bakian Amanda V. , Crowell Sheila , Darlington Todd M. , Callor Brandon , Christensen Erik D. , Gray Douglas , Keeshin Brooks , Klein Michael , Anderson John S. , Jerominski Leslie , Hayward Caroline , Porteous David J. , McIntosh Andrew , Li Qingqin , Coon Hilary
Published: December 2017

Objective

Suicide death is a highly preventable, yet growing, worldwide health crisis. To date, there has been a lack of adequately powered genomic studies of suicide, with no sizeable suicide death cohorts available for study. To address this limitation, we conducted the first comprehensive genomic analysis of suicide death, using a previously unpublished suicide cohort.

Methods

The analysis sample consisted of 3,413 population-ascertained cases of European ancestry and 14,810 ancestrally matched controls. Analytical methods included principle components analysis for ancestral matching and adjusting for population stratification, linear mixed model genome-wide association testing (conditional on genetic relatedness matrix), gene and gene set enrichment testing, polygenic score analyses, as well as SNP heritability and genetic correlation estimation using LD score regression.

Results

GWAS identified two genome-wide significant loci (6 SNPs, p<5×10−8). Gene-based analyses implicated 19 genes on chromosomes 13, 15, 16, 17, and 19 (q<0.05). Suicide heritability was estimated h2 =0.2463, SE = 0.0356 using summary statistics from a multivariate logistic GWAS adjusting for ancestry. Notably, suicide polygenic scores were robustly predictive of out of sample suicide death, as were polygenic scores for several other psychiatric disorders and psychological traits, particularly behavioral disinhibition and major depressive disorder.

Conclusions

In this report, we identify multiple genome-wide significant loci/genes, and demonstrate robust polygenic score prediction of suicide death case-control status, adjusting for ancestry, in independent training and test sets. Additionally, we report that suicide death cases have increased genetic risk for behavioral disinhibition, major depression, autism spectrum disorder, psychosis, and alcohol use disorder relative to controls. Results demonstrate the ability of polygenic scores to robustly, and multidimensionally, predict suicide death case-control status.
Self-limiting population genetic control with sex-linked genome editors
Authors: Burt Austin , Deredec Anne
Published: December 2017

In male heterogametic species the Y chromosome is transmitted solely from fathers to sons, and is selected for based only on its impacts on male fitness. This fact can be exploited to develop efficient pest control strategies that use Y-linked editors to disrupt the fitness of female descendants. In simple “strategic” population models we show that Y-linked editors can be substantially more efficient than other self-limiting strategies and, while not as efficient as gene drive approaches, are expected to have less impact on non-target populations with which there is some gene flow. Efficiency can be further augmented by simultaneously releasing an autosomal X-shredder construct, in either the same or different males. Y-linked editors may be attractive option to consider when efficient control of a species is desired in some locales but not others.