bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to Beauveria bassiana associated with kaolin
Authors: Galdino J. S. , Silva C. A. D. , Zanuncio J. C. , Castellani M. A.
Published: October 2020

Abstract The mortality of the Alabama argillacea and Chrysodeixis includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae caused by the kaolin inert powder and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana were determined under laboratory conditions. Using the caterpillar submersion method, the CG 138 B. bassiana isolate was more pathogenic to A. argillacea than the CG 70, GC 82, ESALQ 634, and ESALQ 645. All five tested isolates caused similar mortality of C. includens. The mortality of first-instar larvae of A. argillacea and C. includens by feeding on leaf-disc impregnated with B. bassiana (CG 138) and kaolin was also determined. Higher A. argillacea mortalities were observed in the B. bassiana (CG 138) treatments, regardless of the presence of kaolin. However, the activity of kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) against C. includens was higher than each ingredient alone, indicating an additive action against C. includes larvae. The mortality of A. argillacea and C. includens larvae treated with kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) was similar, and the A. argillacea mortality was higher than that of C. includens with kaolin and B. bassiana (GC 138) separated. The treatment kaolin + B. bassiana (CG 138) is promising for the simultaneous management of these two defoliator pests, mainly A. includes. In addition, the monophagous A. argillacea is more susceptible to both kaolin and B. bassiana (GC 138) than the polyphagous C. includens, suggesting that the nutritional ecology plays an important role in the susceptibility of these defoliator species to alternative insecticides.
Silicon as an attenuator of drought stress in plants of Oryza sativa L. treated with dietholate
Authors: Cassol J. C. , Sponchiado D. , Dornelles S. H. B. , Tabaldi L. A. , Barreto E. P. M. , Pivetta M. , Lopes S. J.
Published: October 2020

Abstract Silicon (Si) is an element that can improve the growth and development of rice plants in water-deficient environments because it is an enzymatic stimulant, signaling for production of antioxidant compounds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between water deficiency and the effect of Si on two rice cultivars whose seeds were treated with dietholate. The experimental design was fully randomized with three replicates, and treatments were organized in a 3x2x2x4 factorial arrangement: three water soil conditions (50% and 100% of soil water retention capacity (WRC) and complete submergence in a water blade of 5.0 cm); two cultivars (IRGA 424 RI and Guri INTA CL); two sources of Si (sodium metasilicate and potassium metasilicate); and four rates of Si (0; 4.0; 8.0 and 16 g L-1). Chlorophyll a and b, leaf area and shoot and root dry weight increased at higher rates of Si under the three soil water regimes. There was an increase in superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase enzyme activity in the cultivars at higher rates of Si, reducing lipid peroxidation caused by water deficiency. Therefore, Si did indeed attenuate water deficiency stress in rice plants emerging from seeds treated with dietholate.
Recursos do orçamento público federal destinados ao meio rural: dinâmica das contas brasileiras entre 2000 e 2017
Authors: Xavier Leonardo Ferraz
Published: October 2020

Resumo: Com a vigência da Emenda Constitucional nº 95/2016, que limita os gastos públicos federais por 20 anos, eleva-se a concorrência pela utilização desses recursos entre seus reivindicantes. Por meio do Painel do Orçamento Federal, este artigo descreve a dinâmica de aplicação dos gastos federais desde 2000, especialmente quanto aos recursos voltados ao meio rural. Para tanto, os gastos federais são discriminados entre grupos de função e despesa, unidades orçamentárias, programas e ações específicas. A análise mostra que os gastos destinados ao meio rural, já entendidos como limitados, têm perdido espaço na distribuição do orçamento, exceto quando se consideram os gastos com beneficiários rurais da Previdência Social. O panorama reforça a necessidade de reversão desse comportamento, tornando-o coerente com a relevância socioeconômica do meio rural brasileiro.
Graded and ramp protocols present similar results in apparently healthy subjects
Authors: Lima Thiago Barbosa , Santos Tony Meireles , Damasceno Vinicius de Oliveira , Campos Eduardo Zapaterra
Published: October 2020

Abstract The aim of the study was to compare maximum oxygen uptake, maximum heart rate, speed corresponding to VO2max, time to exhaustion, and ventilatory thresholds between two maximal test protocols (scaled vs ramp) with equalized metabolic demand in apparently healthy young adults. Twenty-seven subjects of both sexes were analyzed and submitted to two maximum tests: 1) scaled test with 1.2 km∙h-1 every 2 min; 2) ramp test with 0.1 km∙h-1 every 0.18 min; both with 1% slope and maximum total duration of twenty minutes. Respiratory gas exchanges were directly analyzed, and ventilatory thresholds determined through visual inspection. Central tendency and dispersion measures were adopted, as well as paired t-test and effect size. Bland-Altman analysis verified the agreement among variables. Maximum speed showed significance difference (p < 0.01) for the scaled test (14.0 ± 1.9 km∙h-1) and ramp test (14.6 ± 2.3 km∙h-1). Even with small BIAS values, negative trend and high limits of agreement could be observed. Despite the non-difference presented for variables, except for maximum speed, it could be concluded that the scaled test is able to determine the analyzed variables similar to the ramp test, considering the same conditions of the present study.
Level of physical activity and associated factors in a public university
Authors: Leal Juliane Barroso , Montenegro Rafael Ayres , Nascimento Junior José Roberto Andrade do , Siqueira Leidjane Pereira , Almeida Camila Maria Menezes , Moraes José Fernando Vila Nova de , Carvalho Ferdinando Oliveira
Published: October 2020

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of physical activity and associated factors of the academic community of a Brazilian federal higher education institution. Overall, 483 students, 49 teachers and 153 administrative technicians of both genders participated in this stdy. Sociodemographic questionnaire, BMI evaluation and classification of the level of physical activity (IPAQ) were used. Statistical analysis was performed by the Pearson Chi-square test to observe possible associations between independent variables and LPA and Poisson regression analysis with 95% confidence intervals through the SPSS software version 22.0. Among the 61.8% of individuals classified as physically active, 48.90% belonged to the health area and 52.40% had Graduation / Specialization level. Of these, 45.7% showed normal BMI and 62.2% of them did not practice exercises before being admitted to the extension project. Teachers and administrative technicians were, respectively, 3.62 (95% CI = 1.11-11.82) and 2.15 (95% CI = 1.03-4.66) times more likely of having sedentary behavior when compared to the group of students. LPA was higher in undergraduate students, while teachers and technicians were more likely of being sedentary. The majority of participants had normal BMI and the largest portion of physically active individuals was composed of students of the health area. Thus, it is necessary to encourage interventions for the practice of physical activity within the academic community, as well as the implementation of internal policies to mobilize individuals to improve the worrying situation of sedentary behavior.
Construction and validation of an educational booklet to provide care for snakebite victims
Authors: Cunha Maria Beatriz da Silva , Frota Kairo Cardoso da , Ponte Keila Maria de Azevedo , Felix Tamires Alexandre
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the process of construction and validation of an educational booklet for the care of snakebite victims. Methods: Methodological research on the process of building and validating an educational booklet. The construction was developed based on Echer's theoretical framework with validation performed by thirteen judges, from January to April 2019. The items evaluated were the following: structure and appearance; objectives and relevance using the Likert scale. For the validation analysis, the Content Validity Index (CVI) was used, with a cut-off point higher than 0.78. Results: The booklet contained the following items: Presentation, Snakebite Accidents: What they are, Incidence in Brazil, Santa Casa de Sobral, Types Genus, Signs and Symptoms, Prevention, Immediate Conduct, Severity and Treatment, In-Hospital Care and, finally, References. None of the items evaluated presented a value below the minimum agreement adopted. The global mean of the CVI was 0.94, confirming the validation of the booklet with the judges. The evaluators also made suggestions, which were accepted. Conclusions: The construction of the material clarified the best care and prevention strategies and its objectives, appearance, structure, and relevance were considered to be in agreement from the validation.
Seguindo os passos não dados de Alexander von Humboldt e A. Bonpland no Brasil oitocentista
Authors: Lisboa Karen Macknow
Published: October 2020

Resumo O artigo analisa a presença das ideias, da obra e dos personagens Alexander von Humboldt e Aimé Bonpland no Brasil oitocentista. Considerando a postura antiescravagista de Humboldt, investiga-se na primeira parte do texto o impacto de suas ideias entre alguns autores brasileiros antiescravagistas e abolicionistas. Na segunda parte, pesquisa-se a presença de Humboldt e Bonpland no maior e mais importante diário no Brasil, o Jornal do Commercio (RJ). Rastreando edições ao longo de mais de setenta anos, procurou-se analisar a diversidade das imagens que se construíram de ambos, com maior destaque a Humboldt, devido à sua importância como naturalista e intelectual versado em assuntos latino-americanos.
Drought stress during the reproductive stage of two soybean lines
Authors: Rosa Vanessa do Rosário , Silva Adinan Alves da , Brito Danielle Santos , Pereira Júnior José Domingos , Silva Cíntia Oliveira , Dal-Bianco Maximiller , Oliveira Juraci Alves de , Ribeiro Cleberson
Published: October 2020

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of drought stress in the reproductive stage (R3) on the physiological parameters and grain yield of two soybean (Glycine max) lines. The Vx-08-10819 and Vx-08-11614 soybean lines were grown in a greenhouse, where they were irrigated until they reached the R3 development stage. During three days, the weight of the pots was monitored daily in order to maintain 100, 60, and 40% field capacity (control and moderate and severe stress, respectively). The parameters gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, as well as chloroplast pigments, osmoregulatory solutes and antioxidant enzymes, were determined. After stress, the plants were rehydrated until the end of the reproductive stage (R8), to evaluate grain yield. Vx-08-10819 showed traits that contributed to drought tolerance, such as better water-use efficiency, modulation of leaf area, and enzymatic activity, as well as a more efficient photosynthetic apparatus and a lower lipid peroxidation rate than Vx-08-11614. In addition, Vx-08-10819 maintained its productivity even after the severe water deficit. By contrast, water limitations affected negatively the productivity of Vx-08-11614. The Vx-08-10819 soybean line can efficiently withstand drought periods during the reproductive stage, without any interferences on final grain yield.
Parametric analysis of analytical solutions of the rollover of precast beams on bearing pads
Authors: Oliveira Marina Fernandes Alvarenga , Krahl Pablo Augusto , Lima Maria Cristina Vidigal de
Published: October 2020

abstract: Due to low stiffness to lateral bending, long prestressed precast concrete beams are subject to lateral instability. For this reason, the safety analysis of these beams during the transitory stages of transport, lifting and assembly is fundamental. This work presents a nonlinear analytical model for the parametrical analysis of beams on bearing pads in their definitive location, without the effective connections being made. Such a solution determines a critical load of instability and considers the geometry of the cross-section, physical characteristics of the materials as well as geometric imperfections. A parametrical simulation is performed for the initial eccentricity, the initial rotation of the beam, concrete resistance, bearing pads dimensions, and the cross-section of the beam. The results show that the parameters of most considerable influence on beam stability are rotation stiffness of the bearing and the geometric characteristics of the cross-section of the beam, which can result in a reduction of about 50% of the critical rollover load. In addition, the cracking load may, in some cases, be close to the critical toppling load.
Temperature influence on creep of reinforced concrete
Authors: Madureira Edmilson Lira , Fontes Brenda Vieira Costa
Published: October 2020

abstract: The creep of concrete promotes strains over time in structural members kept under sustained load. It causes the stress decrease on the concrete and the steel stress increase in reinforced concrete members. The moisture content and temperature influence significantly such phenomenon. The creep strains model of the NBR 6118/2014 [1] is, applicable, solely, to those cases of constant stress magnitudes. Reinforced concrete members exhibit variations on the stress magnitudes and, in this way, requires the use of an alternative model for the prediction of the creep strains as the so known the State Model. This report refers itself to temperature influence analysis upon creep strains of reinforced concrete structural members. The results have revealed that temperature speeds up the creep effects and, in this way, the steel yielding caused by the stress increase on the reinforcement bars occurs at earlier ages.
Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete shear walls
Authors: Silva Jordlly Reydson de Barros , Horowitz Bernardo
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT: This paper deals with a fundamental issue for tall buildings safety: the structural analysis of reinforced concrete shear-walls that resist lateral loads. For two shear walls (simple planar and U-shaped), the results determined according to the Brazilian design code approximate procedure (NBR-6118:2014) and the grid method (CAD/TQS), presented in the literature, are compared with material and geometrically nonlinear finite shell element analysis (NL-FEA), performed by the software VecTor 4, based on the modified compression field theory (MCFT). In both cases NL-FEA analyses, besides the large computational cost, it was observed the significant influence of stress redistribution, and the Saint-Venant’s principle, on the vertical normal stresses, and the consequent smoothing of the second order localized effects on the shear walls.
Experimental analysis of the structural behavior of different types of shear connectors in steel-concrete composite beams
Authors: Ribeiro Neto Juliano Geraldo , Vieira Gregório Sandro , Zoccoli Rogers de Oliveira
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT: The present work aims to compare the structural behavior of steel-concrete composite-section beams for three types of shear connectors made of U hot rolled section and cold-formed sections of U and L. Experimental tests were performed with the three types of connectors associated with I section laminated steel beams and reinforced concrete slabs. For each type of connector, three push-out tests were performed, as well as six simple supported beam tests to evaluate the positive bending moment region. The results indicated that the direct shear behavior among the different types of connectors presents significant differences, however they do not significantly influence the average flexural strength of the composite beams. These, however, present considerable differences in deflections and deformations due to the stiffness differences of the connectors.
Computing Bayes-Nash Equilibria in Combinatorial Auctions with Verification
Authors: Bosshard Vitor , Bünz Benedikt , Lubin Benjamin , Seuken Sven
Published: October 2020

We present a new algorithm for computing pure-strategy ε-Bayes-Nash equilibria (ε-BNEs) in combinatorial auctions. The main innovation of our algorithm is to separate the algorithm’s search phase (for finding the ε-BNE) from the verification phase (for computing the ε). Using this approach, we obtain an algorithm that is both very fast and provides theoretical guarantees on the ε it finds. Our main contribution is a verification method which, surprisingly, allows us to upper bound the ε across the whole continuous value space without making assumptions about the mechanism. Using our algorithm, we can now compute ε-BNEs in multi-minded domains that are significantly more complex than what was previously possible to solve. We release our code under an open-source license to enable researchers to perform algorithmic analyses of auctions, to enable bidders to analyze different strategies, and many other applications.
The Future of the Present
Authors: Santamarina Xiomara
Published: October 2020

Kenneth W. Warren offers a salutary historicizing of the field of African American literary studies that reaffirms the historical and, hence, provisional nature of group identity. His book What Was African American Literature? views black literary studies through a skeptical lens that reveals the discipline's continuing investments in cultural “blackness” as nostalgic, transhistorical, and exceptionalist. In much the same way, scholars of United States history and literature have deconstructed—with little controversy—the transhistorical notion of America and exposed the Cold War origins of “American studies.” Yet responses to What Was African American Literature? have been at best lukewarm and at worst harshly critical. Why do the implications of Warren's argument seem so worrisome? Do they suggest we must choose between the field's historical and theoretical integrity and its institutional existence? Can the critical tradition of African American literature retain its institutional authority and its progressive political integrity without resorting to anachronistic concepts of black particularity, concepts through which “the limitations of the black condition get rewritten as a paradoxically fortunate turn” (19)?
Sexual Victims of War
Authors: withheld Name
Published: October 2020

It' surprising that Stephen E. Severn' article “The Library of Congress Variant of ‘The Shield of Achilles’” (124.5 [2009]: 1761-67), so earnestly devoted to explaining in detail a variant word in a handwritten copy of a poem, should misquote four lines about which there is no dispute. Auden' “unintelligible multitude” in “The Shield of Achilles” is here assembled on a “plane without feature, bare and brown” (1762). How could a million “eyes” and “boots in line” possibly fit, much less stand, on that brown plane–or in it? And why is it “bare”? The line, of course, should read (and does in all editions), “A plain without a feature….”
Tüberküloz Lenfadenit Olgularının Epidemiyolojik, Klinik, Laboratuar ve Radyolojik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KAVAK Şeyhmus
Published: October 2020

Amaç: Ülkemizde tüberküloz hala önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Son yıllarda akciğer dışı tüberküloz olgularımızda artış görülmektedir. Tüberküloz lenfadenit olguları akciğer dışı tüberkülozun önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Biz bu çalışmada tüberküloz lenfadenit tanısıyla takip ettiğimiz hastaların demografik, klinik, laboratuar, radyolojik verilerini ortaya koyup hem farkındalık yaratmayı hem de hastalığın özelliklerini ortaya koymayı hedefledik.
Materyal-metot: Bu çalışma, Aralık 2011-Aralık 2019 yılları arasında hastanemizde takip edilen toplam 41 tüberküloz lenfadenitli hastanın verisini içeren retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet gibi demografik bilgileri, altta yatan hastalıkları, risk faktörleri, klinik özellikleri, laboratuar ve radyolojik bulguları, tedavi süreleri kaydedilmiştir.
Bulgular: Tüberküloz lenfadenit tanısıyla takip edilen toplam 41 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların 25 (%61)’i kadın, 16 (%39)’sı erkekti. Yaş ortalaması 42,07±1,84 (Yaş aralığı 18-78) idi. Hastaların %17.1’inde hipertansiyon, %9.8’inde diyabetes mellitus, %7.3’ünde kronik böbrek yetmezliği mevcuttu. Sadece 1 hasta HIV pozitifti. Yine hastaların %51.2’inde ateş mevcutken, en sık semptom %70.7 ile gece terlemesi idi. Servikal bölge %39 oranında tutulmuşken, %19.5’inde aksiler bölge, %12.2’sinde abdomen, %4.9’unda torakal bölge tutulumu mevcuttu. Onaltı hastada tanıda radyolojik yöntem olarak ultrasonografi (USG), diğerlerinde bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), pozitron emisyon tomografi ile BT (PET-BT) ya da birden fazla yöntem kullanılmıştı.
Sonuç: Tüberküloz lenfadenit, lenfadenopatilerin özellikle lenfomanın ayırıcı tanısında düşünülmelidir. Klinik bulgular nonspesifik olduğundan tanıda radyolojik ve histopatolojik bulgular önemlidir. Bu olgularda mikrobiyolojik olarak tanı koymak oldukça güçtür.
Research Trends and Directions of Tourism Education: Analysis of Tourism-related Research Listed in Korea Citation Index (KCI)
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Yoon Dong-Hwan , Kim Byeong-Yong
Published: October 2020

Today’s education market is actively discussing the role and direction of college education due to diverse changes in the educational environment such as the difficulty of finding jobs, the decrease in the number of school-age people, and online education. For the tourism industry, which has a high reliance on human services, it is significant to cultivate excellent manpower through effective college education, and it is timely to discuss how to educate students more effectively. Although it is important to promote tourism education research that can improve the educational environment and effectiveness by understanding the inherent and external factors involved in tourism education, prior literature has been limited in reviewing previous studies and giving research directions. This study aims to analyze the research trends of the tourism education and present the research directions. In order to achieve this, 202 papers from six major journals listed in the Korea Citation Index were collected by the year of publication, research subject, and research method. The result indicated that while curriculum topics are the most popular, there is a low interest in practical educational research such as students’ field practices. As for the educational environment, most studies have focused on students’ learning environment, and topics of campus life have been overlooked. Further, as the majority of studies have employed quantitatively-oriented research methods, it is suggested to promote other methods including mixed methods research. We also encourage researchers to target educational suppliers such as professors and industry professionals. Based upon the research findings according to the classification nomenclature, the present study can improve tourism education by addressing the implications and future directions for tourism education research.
Scenario Based Forecasting Smart Tourism City’s Tourist Demand Using Feasibility Rates
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Chung Hee-Chung , Koo Chul-Mo , Chung Nam-Ho
Published: October 2020

Recently, a growing number of local governments are seeking to invigorate the local economy through smart tourism, a high value-added industry. Thus, while many researchers discuss the economic value of smart tourism, there are few studies that present specific data. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide empirical basis for the economic value of smart tourism by predicting changes in the number of tourists through smart tourism. Furthermore, it aims to present specific and objective data to local governments that seek to revitalize the local economy through smart tourism. To achieve this research objective, this study utilized demand forecasting techniques that take into account visit intention and feasibility rates, and collected data through online surveys. Specifically, the study sampled the residents of metroplitan area through quota sampling and examined their respective willingness to visit Jeonju, Gyeongju, and Gangneung when they were traditional tourist cities and smart tourist cities. The analysis shows that the average number of tourists in smart tourist cities is expected to increase twice as much. In addition, as a result of analyzing the differences in the willingness to visit between existing cities and smart tourism cities, women showed higher willingness to visit than men, and 60s showed the highest willingness to visit. These analysis results were not only empirical grounds for the economic value of smart tourism, which had been discussed only conceptually, but the study also presented basic data to local governments seeking to vitalize the local economy through smart tourism.
Trends and Challenges of Tourism Policy Studies in Korea: A Policy Study Orientation Perspective
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Shim Won-sup
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to reflect on how tourism policy have been studied in Korea and to provide future directions by reviewing previous studies on tourism policy published in the Journal of Tourism Sciences. To achieve the objectives, a meta analysis was performed to examine existing studies on tourism policy from the perspective of policy study orientation, namely, problem orientation, contextuality orientation, and interdisciplinary orientation. Only the articles published between 1991 and 2020 were included in the current analysis to yield relevant outcomes. A total of 55 articles were included in the analysis. The results show that tourism policy studies of the last 30 years do not sufficiently reflect policy study orientation. Therefore, the following implications were proposed. First, more effort should be put toward drawing useful results with problem orientation. Second, collaborative research should be encouraged to strengthen interdisciplinary orientation. Third, more diverse research methods should be applied. Fourth, theoretical studies should be encouraged to improve problem orientation. Fifth, localization of tourism policy studies needs to be increased to enhance contextuality orientation. Sixth, the number of studies on tourism policy should be increased as well as the improvement of their quality. Finally, the perspective of tourism researchers toward tourism policies and related studies should be changed.
Exploration of pre-service teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in mathematics learning in senior high school based on gender and academic skills
Authors: MARUFİ Marufi , ILYAS Muhammad , SALWAH Salwah , PASANDARAN Rio , IKRAM Muhammad
Published: October 2020

In Indonesia, pre-service mathematics teacher education is strictly supervised so that Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) becomes an important aspect to build the quality of learning. This study aimed to explore pre-service mathematics teachers’ PCK based on gender and academic skills. To obtain rich and in-depth data, a qualitative approach was used. A total of 70 subjects aged between 19 – 21 years old participated in this study. There were two subjects selected based on their academic skills and gender. Using a grounded theory approach, we conducted a preliminary analysis, open coding, axial coding to obtain the three PCK components, namely Knowledge of Subject Matter (KSM), Knowledge of Pedagogy (KP), and Knowledge of Student (KS). Research findings revealed that the pre-service teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in terms of knowledge of subject matter was categorized as good in mathematics learning. As for their knowledge of pedagogy, the male subjects presented the concepts by employing the expository strategy, the female subjects with high skills used the guided discovery, and the female subjects with average skill also employed the strategy of expository. In the aspect of knowledge of students, the subjects with average skills overcame students’ misconception by explaining the procedures and using the strategy of asking, but the subjects with high academic skills did not only implement the two previous strategies but also used their reasoning behind every procedure of problem-solving that they carried out. These findings can be used as recommendations for the development of mathematics learning.
Female top performers in higher education STEM and humanities: socio-emotional perceptions and digital learning-related characteristics during COVID-19
Authors: ZİEGLER Albert , BEDENLİER Svenja , GLÄSER - ZİKUDA Michaela , KOPP Bärbel , HÄNDEL Marion
Published: October 2020

In Germany, the 2020 summer semester was substantially influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. In an empirical study, we focus on female top performing students in STEM and the humanities. Of particular interest was whether the measures associated with the pandemic constitute a risk-factor for a re-traditionalization of gender roles. Before lectures or courses began, students at a full-scale university were invited to participate in an online survey. We investigated four research questions: 1) Are women underrepresented in our sample among the top performers in STEM and the humanities? Are there gender differences among top performers with regard to (2) digital readiness, (3) socio-emotional and (4) learning related variables? The sample of the study consisted of 2,849 higher education STEM and humanities students. The study took place as an online survey. In the week before the start of the official lecture period, all students enrolled at the university were invited to take part via an e-mail correspondence from the Vice President of Education (survey access link). Participation in the survey took place via the Questback platform and was activated for 10 days. The cut-off point for the ability level was set at the 95th percentile of previous university achievements. To test Q1, we performed a hierarchical loglinear analysis with posthoc Chi² tests. In research questions Q2 - Q4 two-way ANOVAs were used to test the effects of gender and subject. Results indicate equal shares of female and male students among the top performers, with women overrepresented in the humanities and men overrepresented in STEM relative to their proportion of the student population. The analysis of socio-emotional and learning-related factors showed risk factors for high performing female students such as lower self-efficacy, but no major emotional vulnerability. Overall, the data suggest that at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, female top performers had still been able to compensate for the risk factors.
Modern features of fogs in Chernihiv region
Authors:   Nizhyn Mykola Gogol State University, Nizhyn, Ukraine, Ostapchuk Valentyna , Ubozko Margaryta ,   Nizhyn Mykola Gogol State University, Nizhyn, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

On the basis of the analysis of the data on the recurrence of days with fogs during 1970-2018, modern spatiotemporal features of this phenomenon in Chernihiv region are revealed. According to the constructed cards it is revealed that the average long-term number of days with fogs within the region depends, first of all, on the topography, as well as vegetation, temperature distribution and humidity. Graphs of long-term smoothed fog recurrence at seven weather station show that, despite significant differences in absolute values, the identified trends are similar. On the basis of trend analysis and long-term smoothed course it is shown that the recurrence of days with fog during the studied period in all seasons decreases (most noticeably in spring), apparently, due to complex interaction of atmospheric circulation (change of influence of baric centers), significant change of thermal surface of air and undergrowth, content of aerosols of natural and anthropogenic origin. By analyzing the average seasonal indicators, the peculiarities of the distribution of the number of days with fog in each calendar season of the year were revealed. On the basis of comparative analysis of the distribution of indicators averages over three 16-years periods, it is shown that major changes (decrease in the recurrence of fog) occurs in the north of the region, which lead to a decrease in the intra-region contrasts of this phenomenon. Long-term data show that for all periods the highest recurrence of fog (mainly advective) in the winter and autumn season is characteristic, when the Icelandic minimum is decisive; in the spring and summer, when the influence of the Azores maximum is the main one, fogs are infrequent (mainly radiation). It is shown that in the whole territory of the region the frequency of fog of high intensity is insignificant; in the long run, low intensity fogs have less variability than moderate intensity fog with the highest proportion.
Environment of formation and specificity of regulation of the microfinance sector in Russia
Authors: Maksimova YU. G.
Published: October 2020

The analysis of the state of the emerging microfinance sector environment has been carried out, and the peculiarities of its regulation have been revealed. The issues of interaction between banks and microfinance organizations at the credit market are also addressed.
Legally Binding Relationships with Regard to Digital Objects of Civil Rights
Authors: Grin O. S.
Published: October 2020

The paper, based on the analysis of the legal nature of new digital objects of civil rights (digital rights, digital currency), makes conclusions concerning possible models of contractual relations arising from object’s data.

The author relies on the fact that in relation to the category “a digital right” an independent object can be recognized only in connection with the peculiarities of the form of the object (the form in which the property rights are fixed) rather than its content. Token is seen as a technical concept. i.e. a digital way of fixing property rights. The paper substantiates that the retributive disposal of the digital right (both as a utilitarian digital right and a digital financial asset), according to which the digital right acquirer in order to transfer the right in question undertakes to pay a certain amount of money, under the general rule, should be qualified as a contract for the sale of a digital right. At the same time, in each case this also refers to the transfers the subject matter of which covers the transfer of a separate property right as an object of civil rights (cashless money, a book-entry security, a law of obligation (claims)) classified by law as a digital right.

From the author’s point of view, digital currency in the system of objects of civil rights can be qualified only as “other property” in compliance with the the sui generis principle. It is concluded that transactions with digital currency should be classified as non-defined contracts. Contractual legal relations aimed at exchanging various objects for digital currency, in cases not contrary to the law, by analogy of the law, can be regulated under the rules applied to the contract of sale, the exclusive right alienation agreement or license agreement. Based on the special provisions of the law, a legally binding relationship regulating the digital currency, provided the tax authorities are not informed about such possession and transactions with such an object, has features of a natural obligation.
Studying the History of Political and Legal Doctrines in Russian Jurisprudence in the 19th — Early 20th Century: Traditions, Directions, and Stages
Authors: Kornev A. V.
Published: October 2020

The paper attempts to reflect the origin of a specific branch of scientific knowledge — the history of political and legal doctrines. The subject field of this science and discipline includes many problems, the main of which, no doubt, is the understanding of the phenomenon of law and the state, which are closely related to other institutions. Nevertheless, it is the state and law that ultimately determine their character. This is a kind of tradition laid down by Western legal science that was strongly influenced by pre-revolutionary jurisprudence. Russian lawyers, many of whom continued their studies at Western universities as part of the "preparation for professorship" procedure, mostly followed the approaches developed there. This concerned both ontological and epistemological aspects.

The author shows the difference between political and legal doctrines of the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the century. The 1860s reforms served as a kind of impetus for their development. In addition, in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century pre-revolutionary legal science moved to a new, fundamentally different scientific level of studying political and legal institutions.

There is another significant point. The problem is that, in fact, the historiography of this discipline and science has remained outside the framework of the history of political and legal doctrines. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap to some extent.

The author notes that the relevance of the history of political and legal doctrines arises during a period of intense political life, when stable social groups (strata, classes) with different political, social and legal ideals are formed. This situation developed in Russia in the early 20th century.
Aspects of examination of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 in the office of sociomedical assessment
Authors: Stolov Sergey V. , Ugleva Elena M. , Yamshchikova Tatiana Yu. , Makarova Olga V.
Published: October 2020

When examining citizens in federal state medical and social examination institutions when recognizing a person as disabled, it is necessary to apply the criteria for determining disability set out in Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated August 27, 2019 No. 585н. The conditions for recognizing a citizen as a disabled person are persistent violations of body functions, which lead to a limitation in various categories of life, the need for social support. A quantitative assessment of the severity of persistent dysfunctions of the human body is determined in percent. Certain clauses of the Order regulate the examination of citizens with diabetes. The article sets out the generally accepted criteria for assessing the severity of diabetes and its complications, the main research methods to determine the dysfunction of the target organs for a timely and reasonable referral for examination at the bureau of medical and social examination.
Analysis of gynecological morbidity and the trend of development of stationary gynecological care in the Russian Federation
Authors: Fomina Anna V. , Dzidzarija Fatima G. , Bivol Evgenia V.
Published: October 2020

Background: Due to a quantitative decrease in the demographic reserve and a qualitative decrease in the reproductive potential of the country, protecting the reproductive health of women in Russia has now become an emergency situation. The obstetric and gynecological service is of major importance in maintaining reproductive health and conducting a comprehensive demographic policy. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of gynecological morbidity in the Russian Federation, the Central Federal District, the city of Moscow, and the organization of stationary gynecological care. Material and methods: The official statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Health of Russia for 20092018, as well as data from copies of the medical records (medical history, records of patients discharged from the hospital) of patients who received treatment in a gynecological day patient facility between 2015 and 2017. Results: A decrease in the number of gynecological beds by 32.2% over 10 years was noted. At the same time, the level of primary and general incidence of inflammatory diseases of the female pelvic organs did not decrease; between 2014 and 2018, there has been an increase in the incidence of primary female infertility. Non-inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs prevail (76.6%) as reason for admission in the day patient facility. Conclusion: The gynecological day patient facility manages female health; however, the nationwide and regional incidence rate of gynecological morbidity follows a negative trend and is increasing annually.
Sternum separation in the postoperative period: analysis of risk factors
Authors: Skorobogachev Roman V. , Belekhova Darya A. , Belov Dmitry V. , Naymushina Yuliana V.
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to assess the main risk factors contributing to postoperative separation of the sternum and to substantiate the recommendations on the optimal number of sternal polyspast and multi-twist knots based on data from international literature and our own experience.
In this study, the indicators such as gender, age, height, body weight, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, separation during the surgery of the internal thoracic artery, and re-exploration were evaluated. A key indicator was the sutures applied on the sternum after sternotomy, precisely the suture type (polyspast and multi-twist) and number. The study was conducted in the Federal Cardiovascular Surgery Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Chelyabinsk). The final sample was 1 051 patients in 2019. The patients were distributed into two groups; those without separation of the sternum in the postoperative period (n= 1 038) and those with sternum separation (n= 13). In the course of this study, we found that the most significant factors were the height and weight of patients. The multivariate analysis of variance showed that for multi-twist sutures, an additional sternal knot was required for every 4 cm of height, starting from 163 cm, and for every 7 kg of body weight, starting from 81 kg. For polyspast sutures, one additional sternal knot was required for every 5 cm of height, starting from 165 cm, as well as for every additional 5 kg of body weight, starting from 76 kg. When planning the number of sternal sutures, the height and weight of the patients body should be taken into account in aggregate, and the number of knots should be formed according to a more significant indicators.
Rehabilitation of patients with motor development retardation using reflector gymnastics by the Vojta method
Authors: Kiselev Dmitry A. , Levkov Vitaliy Yu. , Gubanov Vyacheslav V. , Kozlovsky Il’ya V. , Timonin Evgeny M. , Laysheva Ol’ga A. , Panyukov Maksim V.
Published: October 2020

The study aimed to demonstrate the significance and effectiveness of the Vojta rehabilitation technique, which leads to activation of human motor performance and to the pronounced potentiation of numerous functions of the nervous system in children with a diagnosis of motor development retardation.
Oxidative stress and inflammation in COVID-19 pathogenesis
Authors: Kukes Vladimir G. , Parfenova Olga K. , Sidorov Nikita G. , Olefir Yuri V. , Gazdanova Albina А.
Published: October 2020

This study discusses the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated with COVID-19 caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. An analysis of the literature revealed that the development of respiratory viral infections, including COVID-19, is usually accompanied by the accumulation of acidic metabolic products in the blood and tissues and, accordingly, oxidative stress and increased levels of cytokines. In this regard, it seems appropriate to use the second-generation low-toxic antioxidant Ethoxidol, manufactured in Russia, which reduces the intensity of inflammation, and also improves blood oxygen saturation.
Assesment of osteoporotic fractures risk and osteoporosis prevalence among patients over 50 years old undergoing medical rehabilitation
Authors: Marchenkova Larisa A. , Makarova Ekaterina V. , Gerasimenko Marina Yu. , Evstigneeva Inna S.
Published: October 2020

Background. Back pain, limitation of mobility, spinal deformity, decreased ability to self-care due to osteoporotic fractures (vertebrae, femoral neck, humerus, etc.) are one of the reasons for referring patients to rehabilitation and rehabilitation treatment, which involves the use of physical therapy methods, physiotherapy exercises and mechanotherapy.
Objective: to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP), individual risk factors for OP, as well as the proportion of people with high risk of osteoporotic low-energy fractures among patients over 50 years old undergoing treatment according to the medical rehabilitation profile.
Methods. The study group comprised of 600 patients (426 women and 174 men) aged 50 to 84 years, average age 64.2510.17 years, undergoing treatment in a rehabilitation department. This was a cross-sectional study in the form of unified questionnaire, including data conserning age, weight, height, BMI, clinical and rehabilitation diagnosis, anamnesis of the main disease, anamnesis vitae, presence of OP diagnosis in the anamnesis, its treatment, OP risk factors estimation. An assessment of 10-year probability of osteoporotic fractures was carried out using Russian model of online FRAX calculator.
Results. 41.8% patients in the study sample had OP risk factors, including 31.2% ― 3 risk factors or more. 38% patients over 50 years old undergoing medical rehabilitation showed a high fracture risk according to the FRAX calculator. 34.1% had a diagnosis of OP stated, and 45.8% already had osteoporotic fractures. Among those who did not undergo densitometry examination, 69.9% had a history of low-traumatic fractures, and only 58.5% of patients with an established diagnosis of OP and 26.8% of those at high risk of fractures received effective therapy for OP.
Conclusion. Among patients over 50 years old undergoing medical rehabilitation a high frequency of OP and high fracture risk were stated. At the same time, insufficient quality of OP diagnostics and anti-osteoporotic therapy administaration were revealed.
Medical rehabilitation of children with hydronephrosis with concomitant neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Authors: Novikova Elena V. , Khan Maya A. , Ivanova Irina I. , Trunova Olga V.
Published: October 2020

Background. After operations on the ureter, it is important to use medical rehabilitation technologies aimed at preventing urodynamic disorders of the upper and lower urinary tract, stimulating reparative processes. In recent years, special attention has been drawn to high-intensity pulsed magnetotherapy, which has a more pronounced and long-lasting stimulating effect compared to other types of electrical stimulation.
Aim: to substantiate the feasibility of including high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy in the comprehensive medical rehabilitation of children with hydronephrosis and concomitant neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
Methods. Clinical observations and special studies with the inclusion of high-intensity pulse magnetic therapy in the course of therapy were conducted in 100 children aged 4 to 15 years with hydronephrosis, a condition after surgery.
Results. Medical rehabilitation with the inclusion of high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy had a positive effect on the urodynamics of the urinary tract, renal blood flow, helped to stop inflammation in the renal parenchyma and restore the rhythm of urination in children with hydronephrosis and concomitant neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
Conclusion. According to the research results, the feasibility of including high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy in the complex of medical rehabilitation of children with hydronephrosis, concomitant neurogenic bladder dysfunction, is scientifically justified.