bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical mathematical schemes: Circular rod grounded via transverse Poisson’s effect and extensive wave propagation on the surface of water
Authors: Ali Asghar , Seadawy Aly R. , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: September 2020

This article scrutinizes the efficacy of analytical mathematical schemes, improved simple equation and exp(-\text{Ψ}(\xi ))-expansion techniques for solving the well-known nonlinear partial differential equations. A longitudinal wave model is used for the description of the dispersion in the circular rod grounded via transverse Poisson’s effect; similarly, the Boussinesq equation is used for extensive wave propagation on the surface of water. Many other such types of equations are also solved with these techniques. Hence, our methods appear easier and faster via symbolic computation.
Islands and Insularity: Between Law, Geography, and Fiction
Authors: Nicolini Matteo , Perrin Thomas
Published: September 2020

Within the cross-disciplinary research on “Law, Changes and Technology,” this essay introduces the focus on “Islands and insularity: between law, geography, and fiction.” The intriguing and enthralling topic of “Island-ness” places emphasis on the manifold intersections between law, geographic studies, political power, and the humanities. These intersections reflect several issues, such as territorial localisation, environmental crises, colonial imaginaries, as well as the insular societal contexts in which they are imbricated. The focus delivers both a synthetic view of these questions and opens up further perspectives for reflection. The contributions engage various topics and adopt different approaches. Beyond this richness of inputs, the essays reveal some common characteristics of islands and insularity as objects and subjects of human imagination, social organisation, and scientific reflection. In particular, two main issues of islands and insularity can be identified, i.e. dialectics and metaphor.
The Island Metaphor in Literature and Law
Authors: Carpi Daniela
Published: September 2020

The island embodies a new and subversive geopolitical area. All modern juridical systems are the result of a catastrophe emerging from a state of exception: those who reach an island are in fact survivors of a wreckage, be it physical, spiritual, or cultural. These assertions are the basis for the creation of literary islands, themselves the result of a wreckage, exiles, of a separation from a civilization with its own juridical systems, a disruption of a known system, of a catastrophe, whether physical, moral, political or social. The creation of an island invites a re-examination of the old relationships concerning the juridical, the political, and the theological.
Between Islands: Colonial Legacies and Cultural Imaginaries
Authors: Bottomley Anne
Published: September 2020

This paper explores one aspect of the geo-cultural axis constructing the “between” of England as island-metropole and the colonised islands of the Antillean archipelago: that of the crucial significance of the figuration of “island” in the colonial cultural imaginary of the early modern period. It is suggested that the development of “island” as key topographical trope, signifying sea power as opposed to continental imperialism, was a crucial means through which the metropolitan English curated an image of how colonial expansionism might be given meaning, and be experienced, in such a way as to enhance and enrich, rather than overwhelm and impoverish, England as “small island.” Using material drawn from seventeenth- and eighteenth-century literature, the paper traces the emergence of, first, England imaged as island garden-paradise, and then, second, the transposition and translation of “garden-paradise” islands into the tropics. This is framed by two images: the first the late seventeenth-century Paston Treasure, and the second a late eighteenth-century portrait of two young women by David Martin. The first is used to illustrate the need to order and curate images of, and in response to, the ‘colonial’ as an experience of encounter and engagement with “Other” through processes of legitimated and authorised subjectification. The second is deployed to illustrate the extent to which the “insular” English cultural imaginary achieved and sustained an account of the beneficial-colonial overseas project and marginalised, to the point of suppression, the violence of the actual-colonial in/on remote “(small) islands.” The portrait of the two women is then used to project forward in time in order to make visible the continuing strength of the colonial legacy of paradise-islands in the contemporary English cultural imaginary: in particular, in the exotic out-of-world and timeless imagery deployed in tourist brochures. As a final coda, the paper ends with referencing the potential of an-other “between islands”: that of a complex network of inter-Antillean creolisation interrupting and challenging the legacy of the linear and centrifugal metropole-(post-)colonial island axis.
Inheriting the Right of Return
Authors: Tadros Victor
Published: September 2020

This Article assesses one kind of argument for an intergenerational right of return in the context of the Israel/Palestine conflict. The question is whether descendants of those who were made refugees in the 1948 War can acquire occupancy rights from their parents through inheritance and bequest over territory that they have never lived on. Standard arguments for their inheriting such rights fail for a range of reasons. However, a less familiar argument for inheritance or bequest succeeds—descendants can acquire such rights because their parents have an interest in their being able to live the kind of life that, due to the violation of their rights, they were deprived of.
Inclusion and Representation: The Settlement of Property Claims of the Dispossessed in the Aftermath of an Armed Conflict
Authors: Megiddo Tamar , Benvenisti Eyal
Published: September 2020

This Article examines the authority of states to settle individual private property claims in post–conflict negotiations towards settlement. We analyze this question by exploring the limits of states’ authority to take or limit private property rights for the public good. We argue that this authority rests on two cumulative justifications: the inclusion of the property owners among the public that stands to benefit from the public good, and their representation by the government that decides on the taking of the property. In post–conflict settlement, the negotiating states may redistribute both private property and the public good between and within their respective communities. Their authority to redistribute continues to rests on the same justifications of inclusion and representation. Hence, their authority extends only to the redistribution of property of owners who are members of the respective communities that negotiate the agreement, and who are represented by a negotiating government.
Disentangling Displacements: Historical Justice for Mizrahim and Palestinians in Israel
Authors: Mann Itamar
Published: September 2020

Israel’s discursive strategy for legitimizing the displacement of Palestinians in 1948 involved describing it as part of a regional “population exchange.” This argument contributed to three critical characteristics of Israeli citizenship. First, it solidified an understanding of citizenship as a negation of persecution and a haven for would-be Jewish refugees. Second, it tied Mizrahi claims against states across the Middle East to Palestinian claims against Israel. Israel thus exploited Mizrahi refugee rights for its geostrategic interests—a fight against the claims of Palestinian refugees. This had detrimental material consequences for both groups. Third, this strategy contributed to the construction of Palestinians as an “exchangeable remainder” and a demographic threat that could potentially pose a risk to the Jewish majority. Ultimately, Israel irrevocably entangled the displacement histories of three groups: Ashkenazi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and Arab Palestinians. This Gordian knot remains with us today, and is reflected in a stratified Israeli society. But the vision that this symposium suggests we consider, that of “historical justice,” demands that it be undone. This Article therefore offers a way in which the refugee histories could perhaps one day be disentangled: a program of reparations for the Mizrahi and Palestinian citizens of Israel.
Demonstration of Closed-Loop Control for Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)
Authors: Maass David
Published: September 2020

Currently, AM processes such as LPBF are performed open loop, using a fixed, preprogrammed definition of material deposition (path, speed, laser power, and so on). Actual layer and part formation details, even when measured, are not fed back to the print controller to account for actual, as-made layer conditions. Unanticipated layer and part deviations occur frequently that, in the worst case, can result in print failure, part rejection, higher scrap rate, lower yield, and more expensive parts. Process anomalies are sometimes detected manually by the operator. In-process inspection methods such as melt pool monitoring typically do not provide accept/reject guidance. When anomalies are noted, no instructions are provided to the operator or the machine to repair or compensate for the flaw and to salvage the build, in cases where this is possible. We demonstrate development of a closed-loop control capability using a nonthermal in-process inspection method on every layer. Layer Topographic Mapping (LTM) is an in-process inspection method using an optical profilometer to generate a dense, precise map of layer surface height. Algorithms process this data to detect melt flaws with excellent performance. Demonstrated detection of lack of fusion flaws in more than 1,800 Inconel 625 layers is 98.2% probability of detection (POD) and 1.0% probability of false detection (POFD). Optimum repair/rework processes were developed for lack of fusion flaw regions one to three layers thick. LTM software was modified to not only detect flaws but also to define the optimum repair process to employ upon detection based on the number of flaw layers present. Intentionally created (or seeded) lack of fusion flaws were restored to less than 0.1% porosity for one- to three-layer flaws. Porosity in the flaw regions was reduced by up to 98% as verified by CT scans.
Alternate Method for Determining Yield Strength of Polymer Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Park Chul Y. , Rupel Keith E. , Henry Chelsey E. , Malik Kevin F. , Ghose Sayata , Palliyaguru Upul R.
Published: September 2020

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology offers potential cost savings, production efficiencies, and unique design features that cannot be easily achieved through traditional manufacturing. However, it is known that the final performance of an additively manufactured product can be influenced by various stages of the AM process. For example, the mechanical performance of an additively manufactured product may be influenced by build orientation, location within the processing equipment, and the process parameters utilized in fabrication. In order to understand the level of variation of the mechanical performance, multiple coupon test types are currently used during both AM process development and production of AM parts. Among those, tensile coupon testing is most commonly used. This paper documents the result of a recent investigation on tensile yield strength data reduction methods.
Timing Is Everything…Or Is It? Effects of Instructed Timing Style, Reference, and Pattern on Drum Kit Sound in Groove-Based Performance
Authors: Câmara Guilherme Schmidt , Nymoen Kristian , Lartillot Olivier , Danielsen Anne
Published: September 2020

This study reports on an experiment that tested whether drummers systematically manipulated not only onset but also duration and/or intensity of strokes in order to achieve different timing styles. Twenty-two professional drummers performed two patterns (a simple “back-beat” and a complex variation) on a drum kit (hi-hat, snare, kick) in three different timing styles (laid-back, pushed, on-beat), in tandem with two timing references (metronome and instrumental backing track). As expected, onset location corresponded to the instructed timing styles for all instruments. The instrumental reference led to more pronounced timing profiles than the metronome (pushed strokes earlier, laid-back strokes later). Also, overall the metronome reference led to earlier mean onsets than the instrumental reference, possibly related to the “negative mean asynchrony” phenomenon. Regarding sound, results revealed systematic differences across participants in the duration (snare) and intensity (snare and hi-hat) of strokes played using the different timing styles. Pattern also had an impact: drummers generally played the rhythmically more complex pattern 2 louder than the simpler pattern 1 (snare and kick). Overall, our results lend further evidence to the hypothesis that both temporal and sound-related features contribute to the indication of the timing of a rhythmic event in groove-based performance.
Experience of Groove Questionnaire
Authors: Senn Olivier , Bechtold Toni , Rose Dawn , Câmara Guilherme Schmidt , Düvel Nina , Jerjen Rafael , Kilchenmann Lorenz , Hoesl Florian , Baldassarre Antonio , Alessandri Elena
Published: September 2020

Music often triggers a pleasurable urge in listeners to move their bodies in response to the rhythm. In music psychology, this experience is commonly referred to as groove. This study presents the Experience of Groove Questionnaire, a newly developed self-report questionnaire that enables respondents to subjectively assess how strongly they feel an urge to move and pleasure while listening to music. The development of the questionnaire was carried out in several stages: candidate questionnaire items were generated on the basis of the groove literature, and their suitability was judged by fifteen groove and rhythm research experts. Two listening experiments were carried out in order to reduce the number of items, to validate the instrument, and to estimate its reliability. The final questionnaire consists of two scales with three items each that reliably measure respondents’ urge to move (Cronbach’s α = .92) and their experience of pleasure (α = .97) while listening to music. The two scales are highly correlated (r = .80), which indicates a strong association between motor and emotional responses to music. The scales of the Experience of Groove Questionnaire can independently be applied in groove research and in a variety of other research contexts in which listeners’ subjective experience of music-induced movement and enjoyment need to be addressed: for example the study of the interaction between music and motivation in sports and research on therapeutic applications of music in people with neurological movement disorders.
Across-Channel Auditory Gap Detection
Authors: Weaver Aurora J. , Hoch Matthew , Quinn Lindsey Soles , Blumsack Judith T.
Published: September 2020

In studies of perceptual and neural processing differences between musicians and nonmusicians, participants are typically dichotomized on the basis of personal report of musical experience. The present study relates self-reported musical experience and objectively measured musical aptitude to a skill that is important in music perception: temporal resolution (or acuity). The Advanced Measures of Music Audiation (AMMA) test was used to objectively assess participant musical aptitude, and adaptive psychophysical measurements were obtained to assess temporal resolution on two tasks: within-channel gap detection and across-channel gap detection. Results suggest that musical aptitude measured with the AMMA and self-reporting of music experiences (duration of music instruction) are both related to temporal resolution ability in musicians. The relationship between musical aptitude and/or duration of music training is important to music educators advocating for the benefits of music programs as well as in behavioral and neurophysiological research.
The Development of Flash-Based Media in Project Based Learning for English Subject to Increase Students’ Motivation and Achievement at Senior High School
Authors: Trisyagil Trisyagil , Ahmadi Farid , Kustiono Kustiono
Published: September 2020

The use of technology-based media increases students’ motivation and learning effectivity in the classroom. This research aims to develop, to examine the appropriateness and the effectivity of flash-based media at Senior High School. This development research uses the ADDIE model. Based on the research result, the score of validity trials from the material expert is 72, the score from the media expert is 58 and from the practitioner expert is 75. The assessment from the material, media and practitioner expert show that flash-based media is in the appropriate category. Effectiveness test of the flash-based media development is through the testing of hypothesis, the data shows that for both experimental and controlled class in pre-test and post-test, the score is Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05, and the score of the students’ motivation in learning for pre-test and post-test in both experimental and controlled is Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05. It means that the flash-based media increases students’ motivation and achievement in the learning process. This research result supports the theories of technology learning, especially for the development of learning aids and media for English subject.
Melatonin added to freezing diluent improves canine (Bulldog) sperm cryosurvival
Authors: Martinez-Rodriguez Julio A , Carbajal Francisco J , Martinez-De-Anda Rocio , Alcantar-Rodriguez Alicia , Medrano Alfredo
Published: September 2020

Cryopreservation compromises the capacity of sperm fertilizing due to a series of alterations in the structure and physiology of the sperm. The use of antioxidants, such as melatonin, added to freezing media, may help to reduce sperm cryoinjury. To test the effect of melatonin on Bulldog (Canis lupus familiaris) sperm cryosurvival, spermatozoa were diluted in a standard freezing medium and cooled to 5°C. Then, more freezing medium was added to obtain 200 × 106 cells/mL, and 5% glycerol. Diluted spermatozoa were treated with melatonin (0.0, 0.0005, 0.002, and 0.0035 mol/L), and packaged in 0.25 mL straws, which were further cooled to −5°C before freezing in liquid nitrogen. Thawing was carried out at 70°C for 5 s, and the progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, capacitation status, and plasma membrane fluidity of the spermatozoa (at 37°C) were assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA to detect differences between the melatonin doses. There were statistical differences (P < 0.05) in the percentage of sperm having hyper-fluid membranes, intact acrosome, capacitated acrosome-intact, and acrosome-reacted. The values for the high melatonin doses (0.002 and 0.0035 mol/L) were better than for the low melatonin doses (0.0 and 0.0005 mol/L). In conclusion, 0.002 and 0.0035 mol/L of melatonin improved the cryosurvival of sperm from male bulldogs.

Lay summary

Preservation of sperm by freezing enables breeding of individuals geographically separated; protocols for the dog may be used to preserve the semen from threatened wild canids. To improve fertility of female dogs that become pregnant with frozen and then defrosted sperm, these cells must survive that process which can be damaging whilst keeping their ability to fertilize. Antioxidants are substances capable of retarding or preventing the oxidation of any oxidizing substrate such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, which are structural compounds of the sperm. The use of antioxidants, added to freezing media, may provide the sperm the capacity to neutralize oxidative compounds, such as reactive oxygen species, produced during the freezing and thawing process. In this work we tested different levels of melatonin, a natural antioxidant, on dog (English Bulldog) sperm survival and quality after freezing. We found that adding melatonin to the freezing media improved sperm quality after thawing.
Single cell transcriptome research in human placenta
Authors: Li Hui , Huang Qianhui , Liu Yu , Garmire Lana X
Published: September 2020

Human placenta is a complex and heterogeneous organ interfacing between the mother and the fetus that supports fetal development. Alterations to placental structural components are associated with various pregnancy complications. To reveal the heterogeneity among various placenta cell types in normal and diseased placentas, as well as elucidate molecular interactions within a population of placental cells, a new genomics technology called single cell RNA-seq (or scRNA-seq) has been employed in the last couple of years. Here we review the principles of scRNA-seq technology, and summarize the recent human placenta studies at scRNA-seq level across gestational ages as well as in pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth and preeclampsia. We list the computational analysis platforms and resources available for the public use. Lastly, we discuss the future areas of interest for placenta single cell studies, as well as the data analytics needed to accomplish them.
Fabrication and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle-treated kenaf polymer composites for weather resistance based on a solar UV radiation
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Rahman Rozyanty , Mohammed Aeshah M. , Osman Azlin F. , Adam Tijjani , Dahham Omar S. , Hashim Uda , Noriman Nik Z. , Betar Bashir O.
Published: September 2020

Polyester/kenaf composites reinforced with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were fabricated. The nanoparticle treatment had a noticeable effect on the mechanical properties of the composites. Kenaf treatments with five different concentrations 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% were performed. The mechanical analysis showed an increased flexural strength stability and break elongation in the functionalized ZnO NPs-treated kenaf polyester resin composites. The polymer nanocomposites with 2% ZnO NPs had stable mechanical properties with moderate elastic properties compared with the remaining ZnO NPs systems. The mechanical properties of the composites that contained different layers of kenaf mat demonstrated positive influence on the polymer nanocomposites. The material increased in stiffness with an increase in layers from 1 to 5. The results of weathering confirmed the stability of the polymer nanocomposites with increased stability. The 2% nanoparticle coating with a 5-layer kenaf layer revealed no remarkable changes in the mechanical degradation throughout the 6-month weathering period. The results of the mechanical properties tests suggested that a 2% ZnO NPs concentration with five kenaf layers had the highest moisture resistance, thus; the ZnO NPs acted as a water repellent agent.
Contributions of thermotolerant bacteria to organic matter degradation under a hyperthermophilic pretreatment process during chicken manure composting
Authors: Cao Yun , Wang Lin , Qian Yuting , Xu Yueding , Wu Huashan , Zhang Jing , Huang Hongying , Chang Zhizhou
Published: September 2020

Composting technology comprising hyperthermophilic pretreatment (at ≥85 °C for 2 to 4 h, HTPRT) and aerobic composting was adopted to accelerate organic matter transformation and enhance nitrogen retention in chicken manure composting. The differences in physio-chemical parameters, successions, and metabolism functions of the bacterial community between HTPRT (85 °C, 4 h) and conventional composting (CK) were compared. The HTPRT composting system reached maturity 18 days in advance of CK. The HTPRT piles showed a lower maximum N loss (27.1% vs. 39.0%). The bacterial structure in the HTPRT system differed remarkably from that in CK. Ureibacillus (22.7%) and Ammoniibacillus (14.1%) were the most predominant species in the thermophilic phase of HTPRT pile, while the curing phase was dominated by Thermobifida (12.8%) and Saccharomonospora (11.8%). The authors’ results suggest that HTPRT improved the physical properties of the feedstock by reducing the bulk density, which favored microbiological activity, and thus improving composting efficiency.
Effect of pulp delignification degree on fiber line performance and bleaching effluent load
Authors: Colodette Jorge L. , Gomide Jose L. , Júnior Dalton L. , Pedrazzi Cristiane
Published: September 2020

Industrially made kraft pulps obtained by a modified cooking process may contain 60-75 mmol/kg of hexenuronic acids (HexAs), which represents 6-7.5 kappa units. HexAs do not react with oxygen and very little of it is actually removed across the oxygen delignification stage, causing low efficiencies in the range of 25-35%. In this study, an economical evaluation of the ECF bleaching processes was carried out, having none and double-stage oxygen delignification, when applied to eucalyptus pulps of kappa varying in the range of 14-21. The bleaching processes included sequences containing specific stages for HexAs removal (Z, A/D and DHT). Results indicated that the use of oxygen delignification was not economically attractive, particularly for HexA-rich low-kappa pulps, but processes without oxygen delignification present significant environmental challenges.
Chemical composition and content of essential oil from the bud of cultivated Turkish clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.)
Authors: Alma M. Hakki , Ertaş Murat , Nitz Siegfrie , Kollmannsberger Hubert
Published: September 2020

In this study, clove bud oil, which was cultivated in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, was provided from a private essential oil company in Turkey. Essential oil from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was obtained from steam-distillation method, and its chemical composition was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that the essential oils mainly contained about 87.00% eugenol, 8.01% eugenyl acetate and 3.56% β-Caryophyllene. The chemical composition of the Turkish clove bud oil was comparable to those of trees naturally grown in their native regions.
Characterization and performance of elementary hemp fibres: Factors influencing tensile strength
Authors: Fan Mizi
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the outcomes from an extensive investigation on the structure and geometry of single hemp fibres, as well as configurations and related tensile strength (TS) of hemp fibres, with the aid of field emission scanning and optical microscopy. The results showed that 1) the TS increased with the decrease of the diameter of individual test pieces, due possibly to the stacks of multiple single fibres within the test pieces; 2) shear failure between single fibres in a test pieces played a significant role in the test results; 3) the TS was closely related to the number of both the inherent joints along the fibre length and single fibres contained in the test pieces; 4) the splits along the length and width of hemp fibres may complicate the test results, and 5) the optimized treatment prior to decortications may double the TS of hemp fibres compared to a normal retting processing. Reliable TS of single hemp fibres have been derived by a power regression, and the predicted TS were verified with an excellent agreement with experimentally tested results. The tensile strain-stress plot was found to be linear for all hemp test pieces, showing that the behaviour of single hemp fibres obeys Hooke’s law.
Environmental Education and its Role in Achieving Environmental Sustainability in India
Authors: Mohammad Shehbaz
Published: September 2020

This article explores the interactions of environment, education and development particularly in the context of India. Basic purpose of environmental education is to give next generation a vision for a better sustainable future full of prosperity. This article tries to give a brief analysis of strategies and policies promoting environment education to achieve the goals of environmental sustainability. The challenges to environment education as a tool to achieve sustainable environment are also studied along with suggesting policy prescription for making environment education effective in overcoming issues related to environmental sustainability.
Eco-management of Wastewater by ZESTP
Authors: Uday Bhan Prajapati  , Arun Lal Srivastav  , Shiraz A.Wajih
Published: September 2020

In present study, an evaluation of ZESTP (Zero Energy Sewage Treatment Plant) has been described as an alternative solution of sewage water treatment. This system has become widely famous because of having great absorption efficiencyof nutrients, simple construction and maintenance, relatively less costly as well as a strong process. After treatment of sewage water, the level of dissolve oxygen was increased up to 73% due to the enhanced numbers of photosynthetic organisms. Some aquatic macrophytes such as Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Pistia stratiotes L. and Hydrilla verticillata Casp were used in ZESTP for waste water treatment based on phytoremediation. ZESTP could reduce the around 84% turbidity, 46% electrical conductivity, 43% salinity, 74% acidity, 69% free CO2, 73% BOD, 44% COD, 70% suspended solids, 62% total hardness, 71% chloride, 59% cadmium, 51% iron, and 71% copper from the waste water. Naturally, some plants have capability are to retain and/or remove fatal chemicals which are present in sewage water. Moreover, macrophytes based ZESTP is a cost effective and an eco-friendly technique of sewage water treatment.
Neuropharmacological Profile of Fractions of Actaea acuminata H. Hara Roots
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147 002, Punjab, India, KUMAR DEEPAK , KUMAR SURESH ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147 002, Punjab, India
Published: September 2020

The methanol extract of Actaea acuminata roots have been previously reported to exhibit significant antianxiety, anticonvulsant and antidepressant activities. In present study fractionation of crude bioactive methanol extract was carried out using different solvents employing standard procedure. Various fractions were evaluated for antianxiety, anticonvulsant and antidepressant activities using elevated plus maze model (EPM), maximal electroshock-induced convulsions model (MES) and forced / despair swim test (FST) respectively. Successive partitioning of bioactive methanol extract was done with ethyl acetate and 1-butanol. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF; 100 mg/kg), 1-butanol fraction (BF; 25 mg/kg) and remaining methanol extract (RME; 70 mg/kg) were subjected to neuropharmacological activities. The EAF significantly enhanced entries and average time spent in open arms; significantly decreased duration of MES-induced tonic extension phase and significantly decreased duration of immobility time of rats in comparison to control. BF and RME did not exhibit any neuropharmacological activity. Qualitative chemical tests confirmed presence of alkaloids and polyphenols in EAF. It is finally concluded that alkaloids and/or polyphenols are bioactive constituents of A. acuminata which are responsible for neuropharmacological activities.
Protective Role of Herbal Drugs in Diabetic Neuropathy: An Updated Review
Authors:   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab-140401, Sharma Eshita , Behl Tapan ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab-140401, India, Sachdeva Monika ,   Senior Lecturer, Fatima College of Health Sciences, AL Ain, United Arab Emirates, Makkar Rashita ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab-140401, India, Arora Sandeep ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab-140401, India
Published: September 2020

Medicinal plants play a beneficial role in health care and are commonly used in preventing and testing diseases and specific ailments. The advantage associated with herbals plants are numerous and cannot be ignored as they have less adherence issues and are accepted widely by the population due to greater belief in Ayurveda since ancient times. Neuropathic pain has immersed as a serious threat to patient that occurs by damaging the blood vessels leading to morbidity and mortality. The present review paper aims in providing an account of various herbal plants that could be employed in treatment of neuropathic pain.
Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) Chart Based on Six Delta Initiatives
Authors: Kalpesh S. Tailor
Published: September 2020

A control chart is a graphical device for representation of the data for knowing the extent of variations from the expected standard. The technique of control chart was suggested by W.A. Shewhart of Bell Telephone Company based on three sigma limits. M. Harry, the engineer of Motorola has introduced the concept of six sigma in 1980. In six sigma initiatives, it is expected to produce 3.4 or less number of defects per million of opportunities. Moderate distribution proposed by Naik and Desai is a sound alternative of normal distribution, which has mean and mean deviation as pivotal parameters and which has properties similar to normal distribution. Naik and Tailor have developed various control charts based on this distribution. In this paper an attempt is made to construct a control chart based on six delta initiatives for exponentially weighted moving average chart. Suitable Table for mean deviation is also constructed and presented for the engineers for making quick decisions.
Edge Vertex Prime Labeling for K2,n and K3,n Graphs
Authors: Yamini M Parmar
Published: September 2020

In my study, I inspect edge vertex prime labeling of some graphs like complete bipartite graphs K2,n & K 3,n . I proved that the graphs K 2,n for every n & K 3,n for n = 3, 4, …, 29 are edge vertex prime.
Mahgoub Deterioration Method and its Application in Solving Duo-combination of Nonlinear PDE’s
Authors: Khandelwal R , Y Khandelwal  , Pawan Chanchal
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to solve Duo-combination of non linear partial differential equations by a latest approach called Mahgoub deterioration method (MDM). The latest technique is mix of the Mahgoub transform furthermore the, Adomian deterioration method. The generalized solution has been proved. Mahgoub deterioration method (MDM) is a very successful tool for finding the correct solution of linear and non linear partial differential equations. The continuance and uniqueness of solution is based on MDM.
Absolute Mean Graceful Labeling in Path Union of Various Graphs
Authors: V J Kaneria  , H P Chudasama  , P P Andharia
Published: September 2020

Present paper aims to focus on absolute mean graceful labeling in path union of various graphs. We proved path union of graphs like tree, path Pn, cycle Cn, complete bipartite graph Km, n, grid graph PM × Pn, step grid graph Stn and double step grid graph DStn are absolute mean graceful graphs.
Decision Making, Stress Assessed by Physiological Response and Virtual Reality Stimuli
Authors: Botero Rosas Daniel Alfonso , Mosquera Dussán Oscar Leonardo , Trujillo Rojas Carlos German , Guzmán Pérez Daniel , Zamudio Palacios Jhonnatan Eduardo , García Torres José Antonio , Terán Ortega Angie Paola
Published: September 2020

Many decisions must be made under stress; therefore, stress and decision-making are intrinsically related not only at the behavioral level but also at the neural level. Additionally, virtual reality tools have been proposed as a method to induce stress in the laboratory. This review focuses on answering the following research question: Does stress assessed by physiological variables of a subject under virtual reality stimuli increase the chances of error in decision-making? The reviewed studies were consulted in the following databases: PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Science Direct. The analysis of the consulted literature indicates that the stress induced in the laboratory using virtual reality tools and the physiological response of the central and autonomous nervous system are complementary subjects and allow the design of training and support systems for the decision-making process
Manifestaciones otorrinolaringológicas de la granulomatosis con poliangeítis
Authors: Hernández Valverde Andrea , Víquez Bejarano Tatiana , Vargas Guzmán Amanda
Published: September 2020

La granulomatosis con poliangeítis es una patología poco común, caracterizada por la afectación a nivel de vía aérea superior, pulmón y riñón. Las lesiones otorrinolaringológicas son la manifestación más frecuente de la enfermedad, donde lo más común es el compromiso de cavidad nasal y senos paranasales. A nivel otológico, el hallazgo más frecuente es la otitis media serosa, pero también puede afectar oído externo e interno. Las manifestaciones en cavidad oral no son frecuentes, y se presentan como úlceras orales o hiperplasia gingival en fresa. La estenosis subglótica es una manifestación que puede llegar a amenazar la vida del paciente. Hallazgos clínicos e imágenes sugestivas de esta enfermedad, ANCA-C positivo y una biopsia positiva de la zona afectada pueden ayudar a realizar el diagnóstico. Se debe iniciar el tratamiento sistémico y local lo más rápido posible para evitar complicaciones irreversibles y mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente.
The Wedding of Radul Vlašić
Authors: Karadžić Vuk Stefanović , Selimović Ena , Perat Katja , Selimović
Published: September 2020

In January 1827, a serbian poem enters into the conversation between johann wolfgang von goethe and his faithful scribe, johann peter eckermann, who writes, “Mit diesen Worten reichte er mir eine Übersetzung eines serbischen Gedichtes von Herrn Gerhard. . . . Das Gedicht führte den Titel ‘Die Gefängnisschlüssel‘” (“[With these words he] handed to me a translation by Herr Gerhard of a Serbian poem. . . . It was entitled The Prison-Key”; Eckermann 195; Goethe 131). The following week, the two men's conversation returns to the Serbian poem; in the published record of their discussion, the poem is mentioned in the same passage that contains the first appearance in print of the term Weltliteratur (“world literature” [Eckermann 198; Goethe 133]). The original poem on which the translation is based has curiously remained unnamed in Gespräche mit Goethe (Conversations with Goethe)—and it has not yet been named in the large body of Goethe scholarship until now. In the edited volume of Gespräche, one finds a note appended to Eckermann's reference to “Die Gefängnisschlüssel” (“Prison Key”). It clarifies that the title of the German translation of the unnamed original Serbian poem is not “Die Gefängnisschlüssel,” as Eckermann recorded it, but “Die Kerkerschlüssel” (“Dungeon Key” [734]). The latter appears in Gerhard's Wila: Serbische Volkslieder und Heldenmährchen (Vila: Serbian Folk Songs and Heroic Tales), published in 1828. The recovered title of the original Serbian poem is ( “The Wedding of Radul Vlašć”). While world-literary approaches to Gespräche have largely focused on the unnamed Chinese novel that, like the Serbian poem, appears in the same passage in Gespräche as Weltliteratur, this introduction traces how the Orientalist production of the phrase Weltliteratur takes two forms: one in reference to the Chinese novel, the other in reference to the Serbian poem.
No Spoiler Alerts
Authors: Piatote Beth
Published: September 2020

Tommy orange's 2018 novel there there was so wildly popular that i had heard the plotline—over the course of a weekend, a dozen native characters are drawn together for a powwow in Oakland that ends in a mass shooting—before I had time to read it. And before I read it, and because the ending was all that I really knew about it, I was a bit skeptical about its reception. As a Native person I wondered if the novel was popular in part because of the spectacular massacre at the end. Was the novel providing the therapeutic violence that Americans were craving, the image of Indians killing themselves and each other? Or was it validating a narrative we're already too familiar with—that Indians are once and always doomed, that we're just born to be victims? Tragedy is a dominant gene. I admit that these initial anxieties reflect rather low expectations of readers, but a lifetime of dealing with mainstream attitudes about Indians—the very stereotypes that the book itself shines a bright light on—had conditioned me to such thoughts. I know that I am far from the only Native person to brace myself for the possibility that it was the violence, not the critique or the artistry, that contributed to its popularity, and it was a relief to see that Orange himself had a question or two of this nature (Shotton 58). This is one of the risks that writers, and particularly Native writers, have to take: when Native writers expose the structures of violence that people are living with every day, they take a risk that a reader may, willfully or not, choose to feel pity or pleasure or both rather than turn a critical eye on the larger system, the thing that is hurting everyone.
Digital Tribalography
Authors: Ross Stephen , Sexton Steven B.
Published: September 2020

There thereis so notable partly because it validates and documents the urban indian experience and complicates the back-to-the-land narratives of such classics asCeremony, by Leslie Marmon Silko (Laguna Pueblo), andHouse Made of Dawn, by N. Scott Momaday (Kiowa/Cherokee): “Being Indian,” the narrator says, “has never been about returning to the land” (Orange 11). In place of this conventional narrative,There Thereembraces and authenticates the experience of Natives who have grown up in the city and are more at home there than in the countryside. Two key terms here need clarification already. First, we write “countryside” rather than “community” because Orange challenges the conventional opposition between urban Indians and those from “community,” as though community were the sole privilege of rural existence. In fact, Orange's novel locates community—all Native community—in the contemporary interpenetration of the urban and the technological. Second, for Orange the termurbandoesn't just refer to those living in the city. Instead, the urban is a function of the contemporary world, in which access to the Internet effaces the place-based spatial logics that have long aligned authenticity with location in traditional—inevitably rural—settings: “Plenty of us are urban now. If not because we live in cities, then because we live on the internet” (9). The urban is connectedness in the midst of displacement, of the placelessness of online existence. Those who live in cities are ipso facto urban; those who do not are virtually urban, regardless of locale.
FUNCTION OF NATIONAL COSMONYMS IN ABAY KUNANBAYEV'S APHORISMS
Authors: ATABAYEVA Mereke , SNABEKOVA Marita , KANABEKOVA Mengul
Published: September 2020

The language characterizes not only the national experience, material and spiritual wealth of the nation, but also serves to preserve and transmit it from generation to generation. From this point of view, language is not only the “most important means of communication”, but also a manifestation of the culture that arose as a result of the conscious activity of linguists. Each cultural world has its own model. A model is a form of the world formed through national culture. A person perceives the real picture of the world, as necessary, through language and not a copy of it. The linguistic picture of the world clearly describes the phenomena of being. The linguistic picture of the world is manifested in linguistic symbols, words, knowledge that a person encounters in life. "The instrument of language is the word." The people’s life is depicted with the help of a word, stored in a sign-word. The great thinker Abay, who knew mankind well, said: “A person is colored by his words, A person is judged by his words”, which means that the person’s words can betray his true face. Aphorisms are the basis of speech, therefore, the article discusses the aphorisms of the Great Abay. Each social thought is born in due its time, and aphorisms in Abay’s works can be understood as a result of understanding the urgent problems of Kazakh life. In Abai’s works, the majority of aphorisms are occupied by national cosonyms. National cosmonyms are the names of space objects visible without special devices. In fact, the general laws are inherent in the names of the language, nevertheless, each nation perceives and depicts general phenomena in its own way. They make up the traditional culture of the nation. The article discusses the use of national cosonyms in Abay’s works and a peculiar image. Since “culture is the result of cognition, “the article also deals with the foundations of a national worldview in the content of the names of the heavenly world and ethnocultural information transmitted through these names.
Homojen Kum Zeminlerde Optimum İyileştirme Derinliğinin Deneysel Olarak Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKSOY Hüseyin Suha , İÇEN Abdullah
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada, taşıma gücü yetersiz zemin
üzerine inşa edilecek bir temelin altında yapılacak iyileştirilmenin derinliği
deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Bir yapının inşa edileceği zeminin
özellikleri, o yapıdan gelecek yükleri karşılamaya yeterli değilse bu durumda
zemin iyileştirmesi yapılmaktadır. Zemin iyileştirme yöntemlerinden biri olan
jet grout yöntemi ülkemizde de sıklıkla uygulanmaktadır. Jet grout, zemine
yüksek basınçla çimento enjekte edilmesine dayalı bir yöntemdir. Zemin
iyileştirilmesi yapılırken genellikle alttaki sağlam zemin tabakasına kadar
iyileştirme yapılmalıdır. Ancak sağlam zemin tabakasının derinde olduğu
durumlarda iyileştirmenin hangi derinliğe kadar yapılacağı sadece elastisite
teorisinden hesaplanmış katı maddeler için yapılmış kabullere dayanmaktadır.
Zemini elastik ve sıkışmaz olarak kabul eden bu teorilere göre temel altı
zeminlerde gerilmeler, temelin genişliğinin (B) 1,5-2,0 katı kadar derinliklere
kadar etkili olmaktadır. Zemin iyileştirmesi yüksek maliyetli bir işlem olduğundan
mühendisler bu derinliklere kadar iyileştirme yapmamaktadırlar. İyileştirmeler
genellikle daha yüzeysel yapılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada, farklı derinliklerde
iyileştirilmiş zemine oturan temellerin taşıma gücü deneylerle belirlenmiştir.
Bu sayede aşırı veya yetersiz iyileştirmelerden kaçınılması sağlanmaya
çalışılmıştır.

          Taşıma
gücü açısından yetersiz zeminleri ve temeli modellemek amacıyla gevşek ve orta
sıkılıktaki kumlu zemine oturan çelikten imal edilmiş bir sürekli model temel
kullanılmıştır. Sürekli temelin altındaki iyileştirilmiş zemin ise beton
bloklar kullanılarak modellenmiş ve deneysel sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.