bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood risk assessment using machine learning, hydrodynamic modelling, and the analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Huu Duy Nguyen , Tuan Pham Le , Xuan Linh Nguyen , Van Truong Tran , Dang Dinh Kha , Quang Hai Truong , Bui Quang-Thanh
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study was to develop a theoretical framework based on machine learning, the hydrodynamic model, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to assess the risk of flooding downstream of the Ba River in the Phu Yen. The framework was made up of three main factors: flood risk, flood exposure, and flood vulnerability. Hazard was calculated from flood depth, flood velocity, and flood susceptibility, of which depth and velocity were calculated using the hydrodynamic model, and flood susceptibility was built using machine learning, namely, support vector machines, decision trees, AdaBoost, and CatBoost. Flood exposure was constructed by combining population density, distance to the river, and land use/land cover. Flood vulnerability was constructed by combining poverty level and road density. The indices of each factor were integrated using the AHP. The results showed that the hydraulic model was successful in simulating flood events in 1993 and 2020, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values of 0.95 and 0.79, respectively. All machine learning models performed well, with area under curve (AUC) values of more than 0.90; among them, AdaBoost was most accurate, with an AUC value of 0.99.
A geospatial modelling for glacial lake outburst floods susceptibility analysis in the central Himalayas
Authors: Thapliyal Asha , Kimothi Sanjeev
Published: July 2024

Glacial lakes have increased throughout a significant portion of the Himalayan region, and hence the present study focuses on a geospatial modelling approach for analysing the susceptibility to glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) in the central Himalayan region. Multitemporal satellite imageries such as Landsat-TM and Sentinel-2 were taken. The hydrodynamic compatibility tool HEC-RAS 5.0 was used for GLOF prediction, and the lake volume and surface area were calculated using established empirical equations. The breach fails and flood flow were approximated, and arising uncertainties were analysed with three outburst scenarios. The number of lakes and their sizes have significantly increased according to the findings of the study. Of these, the Vasundhara Lake (VL), which is located at 4,676 m above the sea level, is assigned to the hazardous category for more examination. It has been found that the lake's area expanded over the past three decades (i.e. 1994–2020), rising from 0.15 to 0.29 km2. The study demonstrates that, in the worst-case situation, infrastructure along riverbanks may be susceptible to harm. The study provides information on the potential effects of GLOF events in the study region that might be used in early warning systems and water resource management plans.
Performance of bio-nest by modified basalt fiber carriers on the enhanced remediation of low-carbon and -nitrogen urban black-smelling water
Authors: He Kai , Yuan Jinlong , Qi Xiaoyuan , Yu Haixia , Lu Haoxian , Yin Qidong , Zhang Suo , Liu Bingjun
Published: July 2024

Biological contact oxidation reactors employing modified basalt fiber (MBF) were constructed to systematically investigate the impact of various hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and aeration durations on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in low carbon and polluted river water. The experimental findings underscored that configuring the HRT to 36 h and maintaining an aeration ratio of 1:2 yielded the most favorable outcomes for the removal of chemical oxygen demand, NH4+ -N, total nitrogen (TN), and TP from synthetic low carbon, source-polluted river water. Detailed microbial sequencing elucidated the predominant bacterial phylum within the MBF reactor, identified as Proteobacteria. The dominant genera encompassed Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and SM1A02. This microbial composition, marked by a high abundance of denitrifying genera, corroborated the robust denitrification capacity exhibited by the MBF reactors. The orchestrated combination of optimal operational parameters and the prevalence of key microbial taxa substantiate the efficiency of MBF reactors in effectively mitigating nitrogen and phosphorus in low carbon source river water.
Targeting Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitor via Enalapril Reduces Postsurgical Adhesion Band Formation
Authors: Majnoon Sanaz , Asgharzadeh Fereshteh , Sabbaghzadeh Reihaneh , Nazari Seyedeh Elnaz , Yarmohammadi Zahra , Saeedi Nikoo , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ferns Gordon , Khazaei Majid , Avan Amir
Published: July 2024

Background:

Postoperative adhesions commonly occur after abdominal surgery and can
lead to significant complications. There is increasing evidence that targeting the renin-angiotensin
system (RAS) can reduce inflammation and fibrosis. This study investigates the therapeutic potential
of enalapril, an RAS inhibitor, in a rat model of postsurgical adhesion band formation.

Methods:

A total of 12 male albino Wistar rats received intraperitoneal administration of enalapril
(10 mg/kg). After 9 days, the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects were evaluated using RTPCR
and ELISA, alongside hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining.

Results:

The statistical analysis of findings showed that enalapril significantly reduced the frequency
and stability of adhesion bands. It attenuated submucosal edema by suppressing pro-inflammatory
cytokines, decreasing pro-inflammatory cell infiltration, and inhibiting oxidative stress at the peritoneal
surgery site. Additionally, enalapril inhibited fibrotic adhesion band formation by reducing collagen
deposition and suppressing the expression of profibrotic genes in peritoneal adhesion tissues.

Conclusion:

These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of enalapril in preventing postsurgical
adhesion band formation by inhibiting key pathological responses of inflammation and fibrosis,
supporting its use as a preventive treatment in postoperative adhesion management.
Naringenin: A Promising Immunomodulator for Anti-inflammatory, Neuroprotective and Anti-cancer Applications
Authors: Solanki Sarita , Vig Himangi , Khatri Nidhi , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Khan Mohammad Shahid , Devgun Manish , Wal Pranay , Wal Ankita
Published: July 2024

Background:

Inflammatory, immune, and neurodegenerative diseases constitute a category of persistent and debilitating conditions affecting millions worldwide, with inter-twined pathophysiological pathways. Recent research has spotlighted naturally occurring compounds like naringenin for potential therapeutic applications across multiple ailments.

Objective:

This review offers an encompassing exploration of naringenin's anti-inflammatory, immune-protective, and neuroprotective mechanisms, elucidating its pharmacological targets, signal transduction pathways, safety profile, and insights from clinical investigations.

Methods:

Data for this review were amassed through the scrutiny of various published studies via search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Content from reputable publishers including Bentham Science, Taylor and Francis, Nature, PLOS ONE, among others, was referenced.

Results:

Naringenin exhibits substantial anti-inflammatory effects by restraining the NF-κB signaling pathway. It activates Nrf2, renowned for its anti-inflammatory properties, inducing the release of hemeoxynase-1 by macrophages. Furthermore, naringenin treatment downregulates the expression of Th1 cytokines and inflammatory mediators. It also impedes xanthine oxidase, counteracts reactive oxygen species (ROS), scavenges superoxide radicals, mitigates the accessibility of oxygen-induced K+ erythrocytes, and reduces lipid peroxidation. Naringenin's antioxidant prowess holds promise for addressing neurological conditions.

Conclusion:

Extensive research has been undertaken to establish the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective attributes of naringenin across various medical do-mains, lending credence to its pharmacological utility. The principal obstacle to naringenin's adoption as a therapeutic agent remains the dearth of in vivo data. Efforts should focus on rendering naringenin delivery patient-friendly, economically viable, and technologically advanced.
Functions using a Single Variable
Authors: Polanco Carlos
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, we will delve into a variety of fundamental subjects related to the study of real functions and the transformations of such functions. To
begin, we will investigate the absolute value, as well as the absolute value function,
and examine the behavior and attributes of each of these concepts. Next, we will
delve deeper into the world of functions, concentrating on the functions that are associated with a single variable and the graphical representations of these functions.
As we move further, we will investigate the most important real-valued functions,
such as polynomial functions and piecewise-defined functions, amongst others. Because of these functions, we are able to acquire a deeper comprehension of transformations and how they have an effect on function graphs. In this lesson, we will
investigate the scaling and translating transformations, focusing on how they affect the features of functions. Examples and activities are presented throughout the
chapter to help readers better understand the fundamental ideas behind graphical
representation and function analysis.
Functions of Several Variables
Authors: Polanco Carlos
Published: July 2024

This chapter reviews the real-valued functions on space, with fully
solved examples that show the application and usefulness of their components to
deal with practical problems. Then, we see the types of functions that the reader will
often find in academic and research activities. Later, another family of functions
called Vector-Valued Functions is defined and its usefulness in solving application
problems is shown with examples. Finally, both types of functions are generalized
for higher-dimension spaces.
Probability
Authors: Polanco Carlos
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, we delve into the key concepts of probability theory
and the most common statistical distributions. We begin by introducing Bayes’
Theorem and its application in statistical inference. Next, we address the binomial distribution function and its usefulness in analyzing binary events and calculating probabilities. Then, we examine conditional probability and its importance
in decision-making under uncertainty. Subsequently, we immerse ourselves in the
main probabilistic functions, including the normal distribution function and its role
in modeling natural phenomena. Furthermore, we study the Poisson distribution
function, which is applied to situations where the probability of rare events occurring needs to be calculated. Finally, we analyze the general concept of probability
and its interpretation in the context of statistical theory. Additionally, we present
the Total Probability’s Theorem, which allows for the calculation of the probability
of an event based on conditional event information. In summary, this chapter provides a solid foundation for the fundamentals of probability and statistics, exploring
key topics such as Bayes’ Theorem, the binomial distribution function, conditional
probability, main probabilistic functions, the normal distribution function, the Poisson distribution function, probability, and the Total Probability’s Theorem. 
Correlation Theory
Authors: Polanco Carlos
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, we examine the nature of correlations in Euclidean
spaces, focusing on the two-dimensional space R
2
and the three-dimensional space
R
3
. We begin by exploring linear correlations in R
2
, where we analyze calculation
techniques and association measures to quantify the relationship between two continuous variables. Next, we delve into multiple correlations in R
3
, examining how
several variables can be related simultaneously and how their strength and direction
can be jointly measured. Subsequently, we address non-linear correlations in R
2
,
expanding the focus beyond traditional linear relationships. We explore advanced
methods and techniques for detecting and measuring non-linear correlations, allowing us to capture complex and non-linear patterns in the data. Furthermore,
examples of practical applications are discussed where the presence of non-linear
correlations is crucial for analysis and decision-making.
Fundamentals of Mathematics in Medical Research: Theory and Cases
Authors: Polanco Carlos
Published: July 2024

Fundamentals of Mathematics in Medical Research: Theory and Cases is a comprehensive guide to the mathematical principles and methods used in medical research. This book is structured to facilitate learning and application and gives a solid foundation to readers. The book is divided into multiple parts that explain basic concepts in a progressive way.

- Part I covers real-valued functions of one or more variables with geometric representations to establish a core understanding of advanced mathematics

- Part II covers inferential methods of probability and statistics from basic probability to parametric and nonparametric tests

- Part III covers correlation theory and advanced analysis of real-valued functions

- Part IV covers multivariable analysis for solving complex problems with an explanation of Markov Chain models

- An Appendix provides solutions for all exercises and along with Fortran 90 programs, Python scripts and Linux scripts to explore the mathematical concepts explained in the book.

Key Features:

Introduction and Conclusion in Every Chapter
Exercises and Solutions
Program codes and scripts
Comprehensive Coverage of Mathematics for Academics and Research
Real-World Cases

This book is an essential resource for researchers, students, and professionals in medicine and allied fields who seek to understand and apply mathematical methods in their work.
Risk Analysis of Implementing Immersive Technology in the Healthcare System
Authors: R. Khan Mohammad Nasfikur , Lippert Kari J. , Cloutier Robert J.
Published: July 2024

An immersive environment allows people to interact with a virtual
environment. Despite its relatively short history, immersive technology still finds
applications in medicine. There are numerous medical applications of immersive
technologies like virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality, including the
improvement of vision, treatment of behavioral disorders, rehabilitating patients, and
creating customized fitness routines. The objective of this chapter is to assess the risks
associated with a technology-based healthcare system that benefits both patients and
professionals. In addition to delivering training and improving patient care, immersive
healthcare training systems help facilitate the delivery of training. Our first step is to
describe how the system functions, followed by risk analysis, such as Ishikawa, Fault
Tree Analysis (FTA), and Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), to highlight the three biggest
risks associated with the system. Further, this chapter will discuss the monitoring and
management of risks.
Internet of Things (IoT) in the Agriculture Sector toward Urban Greening
Authors: Whig Pawan , Kouser Shama , Bhatia Ashima Bhatnagar , Velu Arun , Alkali Yusuf Jibrin
Published: July 2024

The use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has the potential to greatly
improve agricultural and farming operations by increasing productivity and efficiency.
This study analyzed recent developments in IoT applications in agriculture and farming
and found that the most common sub-verticals were water management and crop
management. Additionally, the study identified sensor data for soil moisture as a
prevalent area of focus. The research also found that the most commonly used
technology in the development of IoT applications was Wi-Fi, followed by mobile
technology. The agricultural sector was found to receive more attention in terms of
research compared to the farming sector. These findings can be used as a guide for
those in the farming industry who want to improve and expand their use of IoT to
increase efficiency. The study also highlighted areas for future research, such as
scalability, heterogeneity, IoT system design, data processing methodologies, the size
of the experimental land or farming area, and IoT security.
Understanding of General Population toward Global Energy Crisis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bharti Jaya , Singh Hitaishi
Published: July 2024

 If one goes back to the history of world energy requirements with regard to
the consumption and sources of energy, the last century was largely dependent on
various forms of fossil fuels. These fossil fuel sources of energy have served humanity
for a prolonged era and powered the Industrial Revolution in the 17th to 18th century.
However, like other natural resources, the reserves of fossil fuels are also depleting fast
and are anticipated to finish completely in the coming years. Currently, the world is
witnessing the greatest ever energy crisis. In the last few years, major events, especially
the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, post-pandemic economic rebound, the
recent Russia-Ukraine war and extreme weather conditions occurring due to
greenhouse gas emissions and global warming have led to a severe energy crunch in
terms of fossil fuels. This has impacted the lives of the general population to a greater
extent. In any such crisis, not only does the general population get directly affected, but
it also plays a key role in energy conservation if they understand the nuances of the
problem. Hence, an attempt has been made to find out the understanding of the general
population, both males and females, about various terms related to energy and its
sources, and problems resulting from this global energy crisis and their solutions.
Responses were analyzed, conclusions were drawn and suggestions were provided to
deal with the problem in an orderly manner.
Changing Competitive Business Dynamics of OTT Platforms’ Viewership for Transformational Digital Engagement: Post-Pandemic Entrepreneurship
Authors: Kamal Aurodeep , Malia Abhiraj , Das Biswajit , Satpathy Ipseeta , Bisoyi Bhubaneswari
Published: July 2024

This research aims to understand possible parameters that influenced the
viewership and acceptability with regard to OTT (Over the Top) platforms in the midst
of the COVID-19 lockdown. The consumption of content by the general audience and
its perception have evolved exponentially over the years. The advent of the internet has
made the process more accessible and convenient. The emergence of OTT Platforms
has enabled various service providers to deliver digital content like movies, shows,
standups and documentaries to consumers via an internet connection. Favorable
features like a wide catalog of genres and shows, flexible pricing and packaging allow
a plethora of devices to deliver content at the sheer convenience of the consumer. There
is an ever-expanding demand for such services, leading to substantial adoption rates
amongst the masses. The inception of the COVID-19 pandemic has positively
enhanced the OTT landscape in terms of consumer viewership, production and
distribution of content across OTT platforms and customer engagement from the
service provider’s end. The growth rate of subscriptions for OTT service providers
increased seven times in March 2020 in comparison to preceding years. It can be
surmised that OTT platforms have inevitably become a part of the life of the average
person. There are a lot of parameters that have affected the inclusion and growth of this
service, like intention of use, accessibility, content quality and free time, to name a few.
Women-Driven Innovation in Industry 5.0 Post Pandemic
Authors: Sidana Neeru , Goel Richa
Published: July 2024

 The COVID-19 pandemic has affected women disproportionately, with
women-led businesses suffering an economic blow and decades of progress that had
been made towards gender equality being erased. As per the UN 2030 Agenda, one of
the ways to address global challenges like poverty and foster prosperity (SDG 5 & 9) is
to put greater focus on catalyzing innovative entrepreneurship among women. The
resultant economic empowerment will pave the way for greater gender equity. Recent
literature in this field has highlighted a lacuna for additional support for women-based
enterprises in order to recover from the impacts of the pandemic and resume their
operations. Such support could be provided in the form of stimulus funding or
government grants and financing provided by the private sector. Additionally, capital
should be provided to innovate and implement modern technologies and skill
advancement programs to help these enterprises gain a competitive advantage. Such
initiatives are crucial in order to provide active support to nurture the projects that can
aid women entrepreneurs in adapting to new technologies, develop digital literacy, and
access financial support and capital in order to run their businesses. Particularly from
the lens of Industry 5.0, this study takes a hard look at honing down the key factors that
can contribute toward fostering an environment of innovation among women
entrepreneurs. Additionally, this study provides insights into the relevant literature with
a specific focus on future research opportunities using a literature review approach
covering 40-50 literature reviews, as well as identifies expository aspects that can
promote the revolution navigated by female entrepreneurs.
Managing Knowledge Processes and Conceptual Review for Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Rastogi Neha , Ranjan Rajeev , Singh Tilottama
Published: July 2024

Higher education is the backbone of any country, which decides where we
stand and where we want to move ahead. The objective of higher education is to
provide a platform for students to enhance their knowledge, skills and attitude in their
chosen area of specialization. Each course has its objectives and learning outcomes,
which are to be expected after completion of the particular course. Despite all efforts,
there is a huge gap in terms of the right set of skills required to make a student
employable. This is one of the bottlenecks in the entire system of the teaching-learning
process. Do we just want to provide a degree that is a piece of paper, or do we want to
create an ecosystem in which we want to produce the manpower that can create a
difference after the completion of the chosen specialization? The dream of the middle
class is to get their livelihood after completion of the course, but in the current
scenario, it is very hard to get a job. Whatever the reasons are, we have to accept that
we are not able to generate the right set of skills among the students pursuing higher
education. The objective of education is not only to get a job but to increase overall
learning and understanding of the overall human ecosystem. Creating an
entrepreneurial ecosystem is another option, but it is very hard to arrange all the
resources required to start an entrepreneurial setup. The author, through this research,
wants to find out the gap in the system and will suggest a revised mechanism to
achieve the objectives of higher education.
ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ПІДСУМКОГО МОДУЛЬНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ ЛІКАРСЬКА ПРАКТИКА В СІМЕЙНІЙ МЕДИЦИНІ
Authors: Юсипчук Уляна , Вакалюк Ігор , Мергель Тетяна
Published: July 2024

В статті  показана  важлива роль організації проведення лікарської практики в сімейній медицині шляхом закріплення знань та практичних навичок в реальних професійних умовах.  Дисципліна лікарська практика в сімейній медицині вивчається студентами на п’ятому курсі Івано-Франківського національного медичного університету. Основним пріоритетом в вивченні даної дисципліни є постійна гармонійна і завершена співпраця керівників практики та студентів. Студенти виконують обсяг професійних обов'язків сімейного лікаря в міських закладах охорони здоров’я разом з сімейними лікарями-кураторами. Логічним етапом завершення проходження студентами практики є проведення  підсумкового модульного контролю з лікарської практики в сімейній медицині.  На кафедрі внутрішньої медицини № 2 та медсестринства студенти складають підсумковий модульний контроль на базі навчально-практичного центру «Медицина».
Контроль та оцінювання є найбільш відповідальними моментами процесу навчання, оскільки відображають результат роботи викладача. Викладач в даному процесі повинен враховувати характеристики психологічного та особистісного розвитку студентів, значення самостійної навчальної діяльності студентів.
Викладачі кафедри працюють з майбутніми лікарями, які чітко скеровані на досягнення своєї мети у навчанні, тому педагогічний процес має базуватися на принципах, які створюють гнучкий адаптивний простір для реалізації цілей і змісту освіти.
Ми повинні пам’ятати, що в Україні на даний час важливо створити умови для забезпечення належної підготовки студентів медичних університетів, оскільки від цього залежить якість надання медичної допомоги населенню країни майбутніми лікарями. Розвиток медичної науки і практики зумовлюють необхідність вносити корективи в підготовку медичних працівників із наближенням їх освіти до міжнародних стандартів. Це можливо зробити шляхом ефективної організації та інформатизації навчального процесу, впровадженням передових наукових розробок у практику викладання, забезпеченням високого професіоналізму викладачів, створенням сучасної навчально-методичної бази в медичних університетах. Доведено, що основою базової медичної освіти є практико-орієнтоване навчання.
Всі ці аспекти враховуються викладачами кафедри під час проходження студентами лікарської практики в сімейній медицині і складанням ними підсумкового модульного контролю.
Analysis of the order of marriage in Russia (based on the materials of the Pilot book)
Authors: Alontseva D. V. , Ocheretko E. A.
Published: July 2024

The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that, based on the analysis of the Pilot Book, knowledge about the genesis of ancient Russian family law is expanding, allowing to reveal the historical roots of modern legislation in this area and to identify the influence of cultural, religious and social factors on the formation of norms and principles of family law. The scientific discussion on this issue contributes to a deep understanding of the history of the Russian state and law, the actualization of issues of marriage and family relations in the context of modern challenges and changes in society.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features, conditions and procedure of marriage in Russia.

The objectives are to identify the factors influencing the order of marriage, identify obstacles to marriage, and establish the religious and legal basis of marital and family relations.

Methodology. The methodological basis is determined by the historical and legal nature of the research, based on the principles of historicism, a systematic approach and objectivity in understanding the legacy of the Pilot Book.

Results. In the course of the study, the foundations of family legislation were determined, among them are: the chaste nature of premarital relations, which does not violate the foundations of family values and life in marriage; the definition of marriage as a union of a man and a woman, with the aim of legitimate childbearing and avoiding a sinful life; the consent of both spouses to marry, the absence of obstacles to marriage (kinship, nepotism, etc.); the obligatory wedding of the spouses and the blessing of the priest of the couple; the responsibility of the husband for the wife.

Conclusion. In the conditions of modern Russia, the appeal to the historical and legal heritage of the past is dictated by the need to strengthen the authority and support the institution of the family and basic family values. The analysis of the norms of the Steering Book (Nomocanon), which laid the foundations of family legislation, helps to understand the values and principles that have been formed in society over the centuries and influence modern legislation.
Some problems of adaptation of migrants in the context of criminological analysis of prevention crimes (using the example of the Kursk region)
Authors: Novichkov V. E.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The article presents modern data indicating those conditions of adaptation of migrants that may encourage them to commit crimes, as well as those factors that influence the effectiveness of crime prevention in the field of migration. It has been established that the level of public confidence in the quality of adaptation of foreigners to the modern socio-cultural space is falling, and certain factors sharply increase both the level of migrant phobia on the part of the population and destabilize the crime situation in the country.

The purpose of the study is to complement scientific knowledge in terms of identifying factors influencing: the effective adaptation of migrants, their level of crime and the efficiency of crime prevention in the field of migration.

Objectives: conduct a criminological analysis of the processes of social adaptation of migrants and assess the level of their integration into Russian society; determine the attitude of the Russian population towards migrants, using the example of the Kursk region and the level of migrant phobia, as well as crime in the field of migration.

Methodology. When writing a scientific article, universal methods of cognition of social processes (dialectical, system-structural, generalizations, etc.) and specific methods (analysis, synthesis, statistical method, methods of participant observation, survey and computer generalization using the IBM SPSS Statistics platform) were used.

The results of the study made it possible to identify previously unaccounted for risk factors, as well as to determine factors of adaptation of migrants in Russia that influence integration processes that generate negative attitudes of the population towards migrants, including in connection with the commission of crimes.

Conclusion. Modern Russian society is faced with an unwillingness to fully perceive migration as equal social actors. This phenomenon signals a possible increase in the near future of migrant phobia and the involvement of migrants in committing acts of a socially dangerous nature.
The public danger of an act in an intersectoral dimension
Authors: Urda M. N. , Urda A. O.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. In the criminal law doctrine, the sign of public danger is defined as fundamental, allowing one to distinguish a crime from other offenses. The increasing complexity of existing legal relations and the unsystematic development of sectoral rule-making call into question this dogmatic judgment. The feasibility of using this characteristic as an unconditional basis for criminalization requires verification.

The purpose of the study is to assess the prospects for using the sign of public danger to criminalize an act and distinguish a crime from other offenses.

Objectives: study the genesis of the material sign of a crime with the identification of its criminal-political function at the stage of its emergence and in the process of evolution.

Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was the universal dialectical method of cognition of phenomena and processes of the surrounding reality. In the course of developing the theoretical provisions of the work, historical-legal, formal-logical, formal-legal, semantic and other methods were also used.

Results. Initially, the sign of public danger had a fundamentally different criminal and political meaning. It opened up wide possibilities for applying the law by analogy. The question of distinguishing the criminal from the noncriminal through its use was not raised. Subsequently, the demarcation of protective legislation and attempts to give sectoral uniqueness to criminal law by using a material sign of the social danger of an act did not resolve the issue of the boundaries of criminalization and the limits of the state’s punitive power; on the contrary, the situation worsened. Using examples from practice, based on the judgments of researchers about the essence of the social danger of an act, the authors of the article question the advisability of using this feature as an unconditional basis for the criminalization of an act.

Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that in the process of criminalization of an act, the focus of attention should be shifted from an idealized sign of social danger to the principles of criminalization: economy of repression, formal certainty, intersectoral consistency and proportionality, as well as the expediency of criminalization (declaring a crime) from the perspective of the possibilities of criminal the right to influence real relationships, transforming them qualitatively.
"Expand the range, improve the quality of service...": about the organization of trade and public catering on the Moscow-Kursk-Donbass railway in the late 1950s
Authors: Golovin E. А.
Published: July 2024

The relevance of the stated topic is determined by the special social significance of trade and public catering in the daily life of the population. Moreover, in modern conditions, their role is not decreasing, but only increasing. Improving the mechanisms of functioning of the service sector can be successful not only with the active use of the achievements of digital civilization, but also with the rational use of the experience of previous generations. In scientific and historical terms, the topic of organized satisfaction of consumer demand for food and basic necessities is little studied, especially in relation to the recent Soviet past. The issues of the history of departmental trade and catering have also not received adequate coverage in the scientific literature, which motivates their development from the standpoint of the methodological apparatus available to scientists today.

The purpose of the study is to summarize the experience of organizing trade and catering in railway transport in the late 1950s on the basis of archival documents and published materials.

The objectives: to reveal the specifics of transport trade in the period under review; characterize the problems of organizing catering for railway workers.

Methodology. The research was based on the principles of objectivity and historicism. To solve the problems, the author used historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-comparative, typological, and retrospective methods.

Results. The study of the experience of trade and catering enterprises of railway transport made it possible to objectively assess the role of departmental social policy in creating favorable conditions for the performance of professional duties by employees with a special working regime.

Conclusions. The main problem in the organization of transport trade and nutrition during the study period should be recognized as the inability to organize an uninterrupted supply of food to workers who worked on remote crossings and linear sections. The other traditional flaws of Soviet trade and catering were also characteristic of the railway sphere of labor supply.
Administrative-territorial transformations in the Kursk region in the mid 1940s – early 1960s: main practices and results
Authors: Argunov O. N. , Esipov D. M. , Korovin V. V.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. Issues of intraregional administrative and territorial transformations, including in the Kursk region, currently remain practically unstudied. This is due, on the one hand, to the specifics of the source base of the problem, which is a set of official legal documents, statistics and regulations, and, on the other hand, to insufficient interest on the part of researchers. Meanwhile, studying the specifics of the implementation of various administrative-territorial transformations in the post-war period using the example of a specific region has serious scientific significance: it allows us to detail the features of the socio-economic development of territories, demographic and migration aspects, etc., which creates the opportunity to take a slightly different look at history of the Kursk region.

The purpose. Reveal the features of the dynamics of the administrative-territorial structure of the Kursk region in the mid-1940s – early 1960s.

Objectives: based on the study of a complex of historical sources, show the prerequisites, logic and course of intraregional administrative and territorial transformations of the Kursk region in the period indicated above.

Methodology. When writing the work, the authors relied on the fundamental methods of historical science (the principles of historicism and objectivity), as well as on a number of specific historical and general scientific methods (analytical, comparative historical, genetic, etc.).

Results. Currently, in local historiography there are no scientific works on the history of the administrative-territorial structure of the Kursk region. The reference publications available to historians are replete with inaccuracies and errors. This work partly identifies these errors, and also shows the mechanisms for changing the administrative-territorial structure of the Kursk region in the mid-1940s – early 1960s.

Conclusion. The administrative and territorial transformations that took place in the Kursk region in the mid1940s – early 1960s had a predominantly socio-economic basis. The rapid development of individual territories required changes in the network of village councils, districts, the creation of new regions, as well as the abolition of ineffective administrative-territorial units. The party and state leadership of the region and the country in most cases responded quite quickly to these needs, however, as practice has shown, not all of them were consolidated in practice.
Protection of personal data of Internet user after death
Authors: Alikhadzhiyeva I. S.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. The article examines the problems associated with the protection of personal data of deceased citizens, including those posted on social media accounts, on other online-platforms, analyzes the «right to be forgotten» in relation to personal information about a person after his death.

The purpose of the study is to supplement scientific provisions aimed at deepening the theory of law on the posthumous protection of personal data of a person, including his digital assets, on the removal of irrelevant and inaccurate information in succession; in developing proposals to address gaps in civil regulation of digital inheritance and «digital death».

Objectives: to determine legal means of protecting personal data of a person and other personal information posted on the global network after his death; identify shortcomings of the current legislation; update, taking into account the scientific discussions of legal scholars, proposals for improving the protection of intangible benefits of this category of citizens.

Methodology. To achieve a theoretical and practical result, the study was carried out with the involvement of the of schenoscientific and private scientific methods - dialectical, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, statistical, analysis of judicial practice, formal-legal, system-analytical and formal-logical methods.

The results of the study are of a theoretical-applied and legislative nature. They include proposals to resolve problems related to the protection of personal data of deceased citizens, the heritability of their virtual assets, including social media accounts. To overcome gaps in civil law, legalization of some concepts (digital inheritance, digital assets, “digital death”) is required, recognition in certain cases of a digital asset as a virtual property by the hereditary mass, the introduction of a probate order, the appointment of a digital keeper, etc.

Conclusion. Taking into account foreign experience, Russian legislation on the protection of personal data, personal information and digital assets of a person after his death is characterized by legal unresolved and uncertainty, which must be eliminated through the modernization of the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, regulatory laws and user agreements.
Civil liability of a medical organization for personal data leakage
Authors: Agarkov B. V. , Surkov A. N.
Published: July 2024

Relevance. When considering claims for leakage of information constituting the patient's personal data and his medical confidentiality, the courts give a different assessment of the grounds for civil liability of medical organizations. The article reveals the established approaches to assessing the guilt of a medical organization that violated the confidentiality of personal information of citizens who applied for medical help.

The purpose of the study is to supplement theoretical provisions aimed at deepening scientific knowledge about the civil liability of medical organizations for the unlawful dissemination and (or) use of patient's personal data, including information related to medical confidentiality; development of proposals to eliminate the imbalance of the patient's personal data confidentiality regime and his right to legal assistance.

Objectives: analyze civil legislation, legislation on personal data, the positions of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation regarding the protection of patient personal data, decisions of courts of general jurisdiction on claims of liability of medical organizations for unlawful actions with personal data that resulted in the leakage of personal information about patients; to study and update the proposals available in theory aimed at uniform law enforcement in cases of this category.

Methodology. The study was carried out through methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, formal-legal, system-analytical and formal-logical methods, as well as a method for generalizing judicial practice. The results are reflected in the formulated proposals aimed at improving the judicial protection of personal data of patients of medical organizations, and the uniformity of judicial practice in terms of the responsibility of medical organizations in cases of this category.

Conclusion. In cases of responsibility of medical organizations for the leakage of personal data of patients, uniform law enforcement did not work out. The right of a lawyer to access the personal data of persons who received medical assistance did not receive an unambiguous assessment by judicial practice. To eliminate the existing gaps in the protection of the intangible benefits of the patient under consideration, the need to exclude their personal data from the confidentiality regime for the administration of justice and in the provision of qualified legal assistance under the contract is argued.
The Symptomatic Expression in Chinese Patients with Suspected COVID-19 Omicron Variant Infection: A Clinical Case Registry Study
Authors: Tournier Alexander , Fok Yvonne , van Haselen Robbert , To Aaron
Published: July 2024

Little systematic research has been conducted into the symptomatic expression of COVID-19 infections in patients. It is known that symptomatic expression varies between patients, but the nature and extent of this variability is poorly understood. This paper elaborates on the symptoms reported by Chinese patients infected with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave, and compares this with available data from other countries. This was an observational clinical case registry study of Chinese patients with suspected Omicron variant COVID-19 infection. Symptoms were prospectively collected via a 171-item questionnaire and entered into the Clificol COVID-19 Clinical Case Registry. Two types of symptoms were distinguished: A) common clinical symptoms as identified by a search of available/published data, and B) homeopathic symptoms, used for the selection of the most suitable homeopathic medicine. Data were mainly analysed descriptively. Additionally, we compared the prevalence of the reported symptoms with available symptom data from the UK and France. Twenty one Chinese practitioners collected questionnaires on 388 cases that received a first homeopathic prescription between 5 December 2021 and 8 April 2022. With respect to A), the most frequently reported clinical symptoms were respectively cough (71%), fever (65%), extreme tiredness (58%), headache (51%), sore throat (46%), runny nose (34%), unusual muscle pains (31%), hoarseness (21%), eye soreness (8%) and brain fog (6%). With respect to B), homeopathic symptoms related to cough and fever were particularly prevalent. This study identified the reported symptoms of Chinese COVID-19 patients with suspected Omicron variant infection. A more detailed understanding of the clinical presentation of COVID-19 variants in different countries is important for the selection of test-triggering symptoms.
Needs of Patients With Gynecologic Cancer and Their Caregivers for Obtaining mHealth-Supported Self-Management: Focus Group Study
Authors: Campbell Grace B , Kim Hansol , Klinedinst Tara C , Klinger Julie , Lee Young Ji , Donovan Heidi S
Published: July 2024

Background

Family caregivers of individuals with gynecologic cancer experience high levels of distress. Web-based caregiver support interventions have demonstrated efficacy in improving caregiver outcomes. However, the lack of portability could be a limitation. Mobile health (mHealth) apps could fill this gap and facilitate communication between patient-caregiver dyads.

Objective

We sought to obtain information on desired usage and features to be used to design an mHealth self-management support app targeting both patients with gynecologic cancer and their caregivers.

Methods

We conducted Zoom focus groups with women who had been treated for gynecologic cancers (ovarian, fallopian, primary peritoneal, uterine, endometrial, cervical, and vulvar); patients were also asked to invite a self-identified “closest support person” (caregiver). A semistructured focus group guide was used to elicit information on patients’ and caregivers’ perceived gaps in information and support, desired features of an mHealth app, and interest in and preferences for app usage. After transcription, rapid qualitative analysis using a thematic matrix was used to identify common themes across groups.

Results

A total of 8 groups were held. The final sample included 41 individuals with gynecologic cancer and 22 support persons or caregivers (total n=63). Patients were aged between 32 and 84 years, and most (38/41, 93%) were White and married. For caregivers (n=22), 15 (68%) identified as male and 7 (32%) as female, with ages ranging between 19 and 81 years. Overall, 59% (n=13) of caregivers were spouses. Questions geared at eliciting 3 a priori topics yielded the following themes: topic 1—gaps in information and support: finding relevant information is time-consuming; patients and caregivers lack confidence in deciding the urgency of problems that arise and from whom to seek information and guidance; topic 2—desired features of the mHealth app: patients and caregivers desire centralized, curated, trustworthy information; they desire timely recommendations tailored to specific personal and cancer-related needs; they desire opportunities to interact with clinical and peer experts through the app; and topic 3—interest and preferences for app usage: need for private space in the app for patients and caregivers to get information and support without the others’ knowledge; patients and caregivers desire having control over sharing of information with other family members.

Conclusions

Designing a single mHealth app to be used by patients and caregivers presents unique challenges for intervention designers and app developers. Implications of the study suggest that app developers need to prioritize flexibility in app functionality and provide individuals the ability to control information sharing between patients and caregivers.