bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exclusive Breastfeeding and Its Determinants Among Adolescent Mothers in Kibera Informal Settlement, Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Njuguna Jacqueline , Lakati Alice , Okoth Judith
Published: March 2024

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months is recommended as the optimal way to feed infants (WHO,2019). The study sought to assess the practice of exclusive breastfeeding and its determinants among adolescent mothers in Kibera informal settlement. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. A sample of 300 adolescent mothers were interviewed together with 10 Key informants. Multistage Sampling was the technique used to select villages and households with adolescent mothers with infants less than 6 months. A questionnaire was used to collect data through face-to-face interviews with adolescent mother and key Information Interview guide was used to collect the qualitative data from health care workers at Carolina For Kenya facility. Quantitative data was coded, entered into SPSS software. Descriptive statistics was carried out for all variables whereby categorical variables were evaluated using percentages and frequencies. The chi-square test was applied at a bivariate level to assess relationships associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Significance levels were set at α=0.05. The qualitative data obtained were analyzed according to major themes raised during the interviews. The findings were that most (89%) of the adolescent mothers were unemployed and their mean age was 17 years (±SD= 2.19). More than a half (64%) attained secondary as the highest academic level. The mean birth weight of the infants was 2.7kgs (±SD=1.13) and 61% were females. The prevalence rate of exclusive breastfeeding was low 7.3% while complementary feeding rate was high at 80.7%, Almost half (48.7%) of the infants were being given water and complementary foods like milk (30.3%) and dilute porridge (21%). The variables that were significantly (p<0.05) associated with exclusive breastfeeding were age (χ2=27.992, p=0.006) and knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding (χ2=23,836, p=0.000). Most (80%) of the professionals had been trained for 2 years and above while the remaining 20% had already undergone training for one year and were still enrolled for some more training. The practice of exclusive breastfeeding was low and many adolescent mothers introduced complementary feeding before six months.
“ELECTIVES IN UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL CURRICULUM: A QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED SURVEY TO UNDERSTAND STUDENTS' AWARENESS, PERCEPTIONS AND PREFERENCES FOR ADEQUATE PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION IN INDIAN SETTING”
Authors: SH Lavanya , L Kalpana
Published: March 2024

Background: Medical electives in Indian undergraduate settings is still emerging. This curricular innovation offers indepth learning experiences and diversified skill-development beyond curricular boundaries. To harness its untapped
potential and for ensuring learner satisfaction and engagement, a student-centered approach in organization and
planning is required. To evaluate awareness, perception, preferences and attitudes of medical- Aims/Objective:
undergraduates regarding electives for developing modules as per students' felt-needs. A cross- Study design:
sectional, descriptive, questionnaire-based study that utilized an electronic-survey form to gather information.
Materials & methods: The pre-validated questionnaire included various sections to elicit responses regarding
demographic details, awareness, perceptions and attitudes of undergraduate medicos regarding electives. On study
completion, a sensitization programme was conducted. Descriptive statistics was used and categorical-data
represented in the form of frequencies and proportions. Out of the 100 participants, nearly 50% of Results: students had
a positive outlook towards electives. The most sought-after courses were research (56%), clinical (53%) & superspecialty electives (41%). Electives outside the institution was preferred by 65% of students. Grievances regarding
mandatory attendance (47%), assessment and eligibility criteria (44%) for progression to the next phase were
expressed. Tailoring electives to students' expectations is a crucial element for optimizing learni Conclusions: ngexperiences.
CESAREAN SCAR PREGNANCY AND DIFFERENT MODES OF MANAGEMENT: A CASE SERIES AT TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Authors: Shainaaz B Ayesha , Digel Singh Thingujam , Vashum Melody
Published: March 2024

With the rise of cesarian surgery there is also a rise of cesarian scar pregnancy and subsequently its complications.
Given the risk of life-threatening complications cesarian scar pregnancy which continues to be a menace, it is necessary
to detect early which is possible with the help transvaginal ultrasonography at 7.5+/- 2.5 weeks intrauterine. This
followed by early medical intervention or surgical intervention can reduce the risk of complications
IMPROVED ERGONOMICS WITH SECTORISATION OF PORTS IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: Bramanian A Balasu , P Balaji
Published: March 2024

The physical strains and injuries occurring to Laparoscopic surgeons in this era of minimal invasive surgery are quite a
significant amount and is often neglected. Ergonomical principles of Laparoscopy are over and again re-examined to
benefit the surgeons at work. In this trial we have compared the physical injuries occurring to the laparoscopic surgeons
operating for a Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy using the conventional triangulation of ports technique with
sectorisation of ports. The outcome of the study shows low incidence of physical strain when using sectorisation of ports
technique in Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and that it could be a safe, feasible and surgeon friendly alternative for the
conventional triangulation of ports.
DETECTION OF FOODBORNE BACTERIAL PATHOGENS USING BACTERIOPHAGE
Authors: Khanduri Naresh
Published: March 2024

Foodborne infections continue to pose a hazard to public health, necessitating the development of innovative
technologies for their detection. Bacteriophages are great tools for bacterial detection due to their high target cell
selectivity, intrinsic signal-amplifying capabilities, simple and affordable manufacturing. This overview outlines the
ways in which bacteriophages have been used to accomplish and facilitate precise bacterial identification.
BEYOND THE CUBICLES: DECODING THE DYNAMICS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Rachel S Margaret
Published: March 2024

This research paper seeks to provide a thorough examination of organizational behaviour, aiming to unravel the intricate
fabric that defines the dynamics within the workplace. The study delves into fundamental concepts that serve as the
foundation for understanding the complexities of organizational behaviour. The investigation encompasses a
multifaceted analysis, addressing topics such as leadership styles, communication patterns, team dynamics and the
impact of organizational culture. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the practical implications of understanding
organizational behaviour, including its potential influence on employee satisfaction, productivity and overall
organizational effectiveness through a survey with participation from Higher, Middle and Lower Level Employees of
various sectors. By fostering a deeper understanding of these dynamics, organizations may be better equipped to
implement strategies that enhance workplace harmony, foster employee engagement and optimize performance.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF PEOPLE WITH REGARDS TO ADULT VACCINATION IN SOUTHERN INDIA, A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Sridhar Nidhishri , S Akshatha , Rao Nachiketh , Balaji Ojas , Sattaru Koushal , Muralidharan Shreya
Published: March 2024

Background: Adult vaccination has long been recommended in India however,there is a general lack of awareness in
the general public due to its non-compulsory nature. However, the Covid-19 pandemic, has thrust vaccines into the
spotlight.With this in mind,this study sought to provide more data on public knowledge,attitudes and practices and also
qualitative insights into current vaccination perceptions. Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted between
October 2022 to December 2022. Results: 717 responses were collected, which revealed a significant gap in public
awareness. Only 258 participants were aware of the existence of a government recommended vaccination schedule.
Encouragingly, vaccination rates were relatively high with 363(86.84%) out of 418 men and 263(87.95%) out of 299
women being vaccinated at least once in their life.However,it is noteworthy that only 303 participants reported receiving
a vaccine other than the SARS-COV2 vaccine. Conclusion: The study highlights the overall low awareness of the adult
vaccination schedule in India,emphasizing the need for a collected effort from the government and healthcare workers
to address this issue. Enhancing the public knowledge about vaccination practices is essential to ensure widespread
participation and ultimately improve public health outcomes.
Postoperative Complications of Transvesical Adenomectomy of the Prostate in the Urology Department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire GABRIEL TOURE in Bamako
Authors: A Berthe, , B Ballo, , A Drago, A. , A Togola, , I Sissoko, , D Ouattara, A. , O Kone, , K Haidara, , I Diarra, , T Coulibaly, M.
Published: March 2024

Objective: To study postoperative complications of transvesical adenomectomy of the prostate in the urology department of the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital in Bamako. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted over 12 months, from December 1, 2022 to November 30, 2023. It covered all patients admitted, operated on and followed up in the Urology Department of CHU Gabriel Touré for benign prostatic hypertrophy and having a complete medical record. Results: Out of 102 patients operated on for prostate adenoma in the urology department of CHU Gabriel Touré, 26 cases of postoperative complications (POC) were recorded, representing a frequency of 25.49%. The average age of our patients was 71.38 years. Urinary bilharziasis was the main urological antecedent in 50% of patients, while inguinal hernia repair was the most common surgical antecedent, accounting for 27% of cases. Pollakiuria was the main reason for consultation (46.15%). Urinary tract infection was found in 57.69% of patients, with Escherichia coli the main germ involved (34.61%). The mean ultrasound prostate weight was 63.82g, with a mean total PSA level of 2.98ng/ml. Preoperative catheterization was strongly associated with postoperative complications (37.21%). The main indication for surgery was complicated BPH (infectious complication: 38.46%). The average duration of bladder irrigation was 2.3 days. Parietal suppuration was the main postoperative complication (30.77%). Postoperative indwelling catheterization lasted an average of 16 days. The average hospital stay was 7.3 days for patients with CPO versus 5 days for other patients. The mortality rate was estimated at 3.84%. Conclusion: In our context, transvesical adenomectomy of the prostate is still the most common surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Postoperative complications are dominated by parietal suppuration.
Maori Health, Colonization and Post-Colonization
Authors: Pool Ian
Published: March 2024

The Māori of Aotearoa New Zealand are a case-study of the negative impacts of colonization on the health of precursor peoples, such as indigenous peoples in Australia, the Americas, and northern Eurasia. But, colonization has such effects regardless of whether colonized peoples eventually become “independent,” or are swamped demographically and politically by a settler population. Indigenous peoples still suffer “internal colonialism” after their country becomes independent (from the United Kingdom for Aotearoa), even in social democracies, simply because majorities, through benign neglect or paternalism, often fail to meet the particular needs of indigenous citizens. Incidentally, “independent” ex-colonies do not escape post-colonialism, because they are subject to interventions by powerful international and bi-lateral agencies, such as structural adjustment policies imposed by the World Bank.

This paper uses the epidemiological transition framework, but questions its application to colonized peoples, who often, contrary to the paradigm’s deterministic principle of progress, may suffer “regression” as their very survival is threatened by newly introduced diseases to which they have no immunity. Some, not Māori, even go through demographic collapses.” The eventual Māori transition did follow the conventional framework, but in its “delayed” form.

Finally the paper shifts from theoretical dimensions into praxis: health services. It identifies stages in the evolution of these as they affect indigenous people. This is a more detailed overview than the conventional view: a shift from social determinants of health change to the impacts of public health interventions, and from the domination of communicable diseases to non-communicable.
Ethnomycological Notes on Haploporus odorus and other Polypores in Northern Fennoscandia
Authors: Svanberg, Ingvar
Published: March 2024

This study focuses on the use of polypores in northern Fennoscandia, especially the now rare Haploporus odorus, which was once used by Sami and Swedish peasantry in the north. However, other taxa that were culturally salient are also discussed. Polypores have been used for health-related, technical and other purposes. The use of some of the taxa, such as Fomes fomentarius and Fomitopsis betulina, has been widely known over Eurasia and beyond, while Haploporus odorus has been utilized only by the North American Plains tribes and in northern Scandinavia. From cultural historical information, ethnographical data and observations reported in travelogues, the ethnomycological significance of five bracket fungi species in northern Fennoscandia has been identified.
The Promise of Kiruna’s Iron Ore in the Swedish Imagination, c. 1901–1915
Authors: Roberts Peder
Published: March 2024

Iron ore mining in the Norrbotten region of Sweden began in the early years of the twentieth century as a commercially uncertain and even dangerous proposition. But even before it began to generate profits, public debate began over the appropriate role of the state and of private capital (including foreign investors). This included whether iron ore should be exported for profit or retained for future processing in Sweden—even though the technology and infrastructure for such domestic industry did not exist. Tracing the evolution of this debate in the Swedish news media through to the First World War, this paper argues that the revenue generated by exports became more attractive than the promise of future domestic industry because that revenue could underwrite pressing political objectives. Although domestic iron ore processing remained linked to visions of future industrial prosperity, uncertain visions of future prosperity lost appeal as the capacity for export revenues to generate prosperity in the present became more potent.
[Book review] Jan Rüdiger, All the King’s Women. Polygyny and Politics in Europe, 900–1250
Authors: Hermanson Lars
Published: March 2024

Review of: Jan Rüdiger, All the King’s Women. Polygyny and Politics in Europe, 900–1250 (The Northern world 88), Leiden: Brill 2020
[Book review] Nils-Gustaf Stahre et al., Stockholms gatunamn
Authors: Edlund Lars-Erik
Published: March 2024

Review of: Nils-Gustaf Stahre, Per Anders Fogelström, Jonas Ferenius & Gunnar Lundqvist (with participation of Börje Westlund, Lars Wikström, Göran Sidenbladh, Lars Cleve & Carl Magnus Rosell), expanded and revised edition by Staffan Nyström, Stockholms gatunamn, 4th edition, Stockholm: Stockholms stad 2022
Early Mesolithic Hunter–Gatherers and Landscape Acquisition by the Arctic Circle
Authors: Bergman Ingela , Zackrisson Olle
Published: March 2024

Archaeological and palaeoecological studies in the Arjeplog area of northern Sweden have verified the arrival of hunter–gatherers soon after deglaciation. After modelling and subsequently surveying the reconstructed shorelines of tilted watercourses, Early Mesolithic settlements dating to 8600–8000 BP (14C years BP) were discovered. Makrosubfossil-, pollen- and charcoal analyses of peat stratigrafies and lake sediments corroborated that deglaciation was completed more than 1000 years earlier than has previously been postulated. Pollen records show that the early postglacial environment included complex plant communities lacking present day analogies, providing optimal subsistence conditions for the pioneer settlers. Studies of charcoal influx into lake sediments indicate that fires were more frequent than ever after, contributing to a productive natural environment. Regional studies in the Ipmatis valley in combination with in-depth analyses of selected archaeological sites, display that hunter–gatherers made the resources of the valley an integral part of their subsistence at an early stage. Landscape acquisition included not only the adjustment to existing conditions, but the actual manipulation of the environment. The interdisciplinary research approach has produced unique sets of archaeological and palaeoecological data. Results open new perspectives on human pioneer colonisation and landscape acquisition in relation to deglaciation and the development of postglacial ecosystems. The variety of methods applied sets a new standard for future research on early societies in sub-arctic regions.
Ledkov’s Novella White Hawk
Authors: Kudrjavtseva Tatjana
Published: March 2024

This article presents a reading of the “epic novella” White Hawk by the Nenets writer Vasilij Ledkov, which was published in 1982, in the last decade of the Soviet Union. White Hawk is an epic reconstruction from a Nenets point of view of the historical events that are otherwise recorded only by the Russian colonisers. These events are known as “the century of wars” between the Nenets and the Russians prior to the subjugation of the Nenets to Russian rule. In other Soviet sources on the Nenets this century of wars has been passed over in silence. In the late Soviet period, in 1982, Ledkov attempted to loosen the constraints of what was permissible, while at the same time he sought to protect the text from condemnation by allowing for a number of divergent readings. He may have done this not least in order to avoid the accusations of nationalism to which he had previously been subjected. It is my contention that the text must have appealed to the particular type of Soviet reader who was aware of the practice of double coding as a way of loosening ideological constraints. Such a reader would be willing to disregard the elements of the text that gave it ideological legitimacy and would have a keen eye for innovative – or what were previously “nonpermissible” – elements. Not a few Soviet authors are known to have participated in the development of an increasingly more Aesopian language, and it would be a mistake to view writers from the Northern peoples as less capable in this respect.
Forest Dispute and Change in Muonio, Northern Finland
Authors: Sarkki Simo
Published: March 2024

This article examines a forest dispute that took place in the municipality of Muonio in northern Finland. The parties involved in the dispute were the Finnish state forestry enterprise Metsähallitus and a local coalition consisting of representatives of reindeer herders, the municipality, a local environmental NGO, a game association, and tourism entrepreneurs. The primary data for the article was gathered through thematic interviews that took place in 2005 and 2007. The dispute reflects the land-use needs of growing tourism in the area. It also provides an example of how change takes place through a dispute and how it is managed. The adaptive cycle heuristic is utilised to assist in an analysis of the change resulting from the dispute. Secondly, the Muonio case is examined in the light of the adaptive co-management approach in order to examine whether the change was governed adaptively. It is concluded that the dispute worked as a trigger for a policy innovation. That is, Metsähallitus rented the forests to tourism entrepreneurs and the municipality for ten years. The solution contained some features of adaptive co-management: a place-specific solution, interaction and negotiation. The problems were related to knowledge distribution and lack of careful deliberation.
The Gender of Ice and Snow
Authors: Chartier Daniel
Published: March 2024

In this article, the author studies the North and the Arctic as an imagined space, made up of a coherent group of interrelated elements coloured by aesthetic, political and ethical values that transcend it. He pursues his analysis through (a) accounts of missionaries, exploration and sea-faring navigation, (b) novels, narratives and collections of poetry from the literatures of France, French Canada (1840–1947) and Québec (1948 to the present day), and (c) a few works from world literature as well as Nordic and Inuit mythology, in order to understand the gendered nature of four personified elements which are part of the imagined space of the North and the Arctic, i.e. “icebergs,” “frost,” “ice” and “snow.” He concludes, from a gendered perspective, that this material is obviously produced mainly by men and transmits male values, even if some women have also contributed to this cultural construction, and that the personifications function as a focal point, allowing the reader to enter a complete world of images, colours, and values.
The Filmans
Authors: Leinonen Marja
Published: March 2024

A group of Norwegian Sami moved to live on the Kola peninsula after the border treaty of 1826 between Norway and Russia. For some, the parish of Inari in Finland served as an interim point. They were called the Filmans by the Russians. Their appearance, language and material culture differed from the Russian East Sami, and a few descriptions appeared in the Russian press. During the nineteenth century, the Finnish clergy kept records of the reindeer herders and the Sea Sami who fished on the Murman coast along with the Finnish and Norwegian colonists.

In Russia, the exonym Fil’man (< Finmark) still appeared in the first Soviet census in 1926. The group seems to have vanished in the purges and evacuations in the 1930s and 1940. On the Finnish side, a few nomads had come over when the Petsamo area became part of Finland. Apparently they assimilated to the Sami or Finns. The situation in Norway remains unclear; several Sami families are known to have stayed in Kola, although some returned to Norway. Now there is no trace of the Filmans, except in the memories of the oldest living Skolt Sami generation.
Fortifications in the Wilderness
Authors: Rodell Magnus
Published: March 2024

In the decades around 1900 the northern territories between Sweden-Norway and Finland-Russia were created and enforced as significant borderlands. In the article I situate the making of these borderlands in what was known as “the Defence Question.” Taking my point of departure in this heated political debate, I discuss the various cultural meanings that were ascribed to the Swedish-Russian borderlands. I argue that at the time the discourse about the Swedish-Russian relationships stretched out and made the northern parts of Sweden, Norway, Finland and Russia into a vast frontier between the west and the east, the occident and the orient and civilisation versus barbarism. In making borders culturally significant, material culture plays a vital role. In the article I analyze flags, border stones and the fortifications in Boden, Sweden. Through the discourse about the fortifications, the borderlands between Sweden and the Grand Duchy of Finland took on a new strategic meaning. In the political and public debate they served as a means to bring together trade, industry, communication and defence politics into one overarching narrative. The general argument of my article is that the historical study of borderlands can benefit from analyzing significant political debates, and from exploring the material culture of past borderlands.
Back to the Future
Authors: Hacquebord Louwrens
Published: March 2024

In 2007 a Russian flag was placed on the seafloor at the North Pole to mark the Russian United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) territorial claim on the slope of the continental shelf in the Arctic Ocean. This activity drew the attention of the world to the North Pole region and the resources expected to be found there. It also made clear that a new race for the natural resources in the North Pole region was at the point of beginning. This article will discuss the relation between climate change, resource development and geopolitics. It will place recent political events in a historical context and will finish by considering some future political developments.
The Two-Way Appropriation of Indigenous Knowledge
Authors: Nilsson Dahlström Åsa
Published: March 2024

In the face of climatic changes and environmental problems, indigenous knowledge is increasingly being accepted as an alternative to Western science in conservation policies. While indigenous knowledge may help indigenous empowerment, it is also placed under the control of the authorities whose science and structures it is meant to challenge. Indigenous knowledge is therefore the subject of a two-way appropriation by indigenous peoples as well as environmental authorities. This process is illustrated by the Sami reindeer herders in the World Heritage site of Laponia in Arctic Sweden, who are negotiating a new joint management scheme with Swedish authorities, including a Sami majority on the park board. Sami indigenous knowledge will form the basis for the new management policies, but with minimal changes to existing national legislation. While the Sami will gain some political control, Swedish authorities will also gain access to and control over Sami indigenous knowledge, hence a two-way appropriation.
Varieties of Medical Treatment and Hierarchies of Resort in Johan Turi’s Sámi deavsttat
Authors: DuBois Thomas A.
Published: March 2024

Johan Turi’s Sámi deavsttat/Lappish Texts (1918–1919) is examined as a source of information regarding early twentieth-century Sami healing methods and hierarchies of medical resort. Turi’s account of traditional and personal healing experiences in the Čohkkeras/Jukkasjärvi district reflects complex processes of intercultural exchange and hybridization, in which Sami families availed themselves of differing varieties of therapy depending on differing situations and personalities. Hierarchies of resort—that is, the order in which patients make use of competing healing resources—are illustrated by short histories (case studies) which Turi included in the final portion of his work. The text reveals a world in which local Sami noaidevuohta (shamanic healing) lingered as a largely stigmatized clandestine resource, competing variously with shamanic healing offered by more distant (Norwegian) Sami, as well as healing drawn from Finnish magic, Swedish medicine, and Læstadian faith healing. Ill health, insanity, and decimation of one’s herd are depicted as attacks not only on an individual, but on the individual’s entire family, and their effects can be felt ultimately by members of the family’s subsequent generation(s). Non-Sami individuals play important roles both as threats and as sources of potential assistance in the struggle to maintain or regain health.
Regional Development, Transport Infrastructure and Government Policy
Authors: Eriksson Martin
Published: March 2024

Due to the cold climate, navigation along the coast lines of the northern regions in Sweden, Finland, Canada, Russia and the United States must negotiate winter conditions which cause ports to freeze over. In order to avoid the negative economic effects of such interruptions, ice-breaking and other measures to facilitate winter navigation have been introduced. This article deals with the introduction of ice-breaking along the coast line of the five northernmost counties in Sweden, the Norrland region, from a perspective that examines and analyzes the underlying decision-making processes. It is concluded that the ability of regional interest groups to link their demands for an improved ice-breaker service to important aims within macro policy such as trade policy, growth policy and regional development policy contributed to the outcome of the decision-making processes. The international competitiveness of the export industries in Norrland was therefore regarded as a national concern during the decision-making processes. Another factor that contributed to the outcome of the decision-making processes was the sectoral organization within the government maritime bodies. Large-scale planning and operational experimentation was allowed to take place within the ice-breaker service, which convinced the government that ice-breaking and winter navigation were a feasible transport alternative.
"Wild Weirdness?" "Gross Humbugs!"
Authors: Möller Frank
Published: March 2024

In this essay it is argued that northern photography can serve as an epistemological triangle both combining different layers of experiences and memories with one another—experience in the north, experience as inhabitants of the north and experience as such—and connecting photographers, subjects of photography and viewers with one another. The essay discusses selected photographs of northern indigenous people and landscapes—and the approaches underlying them—in terms of what is here deemed key concepts in social research including northern studies: experience and memory. Owing to the surplus of meaning that images inevitably carry with them and their irreducibility to one meaning, photographic images, it is argued, contribute to what Sherrill Grace has called the north’s “resistance to measure and closure.” Images may help the beholder to acknowledge that different groups of people may have different memories of what only seems to be the same history. A brief discussion of the work of Jorma Puranen, Tiina Itkonen and Antero Takala substantiates these claims.
Roald Amundsen and his Ambiguous Relationship to Science
Authors: Elzinga Aant
Published: March 2024

Roald Amundsen’s active life as an explorer coincided with a period of important changes in the earth sciences. The purpose of the present paper is to situate some of his endeavours in relation to those trends. On the one hand there was a continuation of empirical traditions in field sciences driven by the same inductivist approach that motivated the First International Polar Year 1882–1883. On the other hand there were major advances in instrumentation, plus a strong professionalization of research. The latter involved new mathematical methods used by hypothesis-minded geophysicists who probed the dynamics of physical processes. In this context Amundsen was what Fridtjof Nansen called a “scientific explorer.” The paper traces some of the tensions engendered in this role midway between two scientific trends while at the same time the explorer’s public image followed the tradition of popular geography steeped in nationalism and prestige that drove the steeplechase of being first to set one’s foot on and attach names to hitherto undiscovered places. It is shown how several of Amundsen’s expeditions resonated strongly with contemporary trends and interests in scientific societies, especially in Norway. At the same time he was pulled between loyalty to Fridtjof Nansen and science and an unending quest for recognition and media visibility as a dashing explorer. Since much has been written about Amundsen’s sportive and adventurous side, not least in connection with the dramatic race to the South Pole, the focus in the present paper is chiefly on his relationship to science, an aspect often glossed over. First Amundsen’s position as a reflective practitioner is characterized and highlighted. Secondly, the Norwegian and international scientific contexts of his expeditions are sketched, and, third, an assessment is made of the scientific outcomes of the projects he initiated and their uneven reception over time in a number of disciplines, since he left it to others to translate data into science while he himself restlessly moved on to the next challenge. It is found that although never a scientist himself, Amundsen’s initiatives generated considerable amounts of empirical data that was of value once it was reduced, analysed and interpreted by professional scientists. Perhaps even more importantly, his expeditions or projects helped further the scientific careers of a number of brilliantly resourceful persons.
Bjarmaland and Interaction in the North of Europe from the Viking Age until the Early Middle Ages
Authors: Koskela Vasaru Mervi
Published: March 2024

The medieval Scandinavian written sources locate Bjarmaland to the White Sea. The words Terfinna land connect the location with the Kola Peninsula and the environs of the Varzuga River whereas the name Gandvík guides our interest towards the Kantalahti Bay of the White Sea. The name Vína can be connected with either the Northern Dvina River or Viena Karelia. The Bjarmians as portrayed in the written sources seem to have been a permanently settled group of Baltic Fennic speaking people that lived in the north of Europe since the Viking Age (first mentioned in writing in the ninth century) until the early Middle Ages (mid-thirteenth century). They seem to have been involved in the international fur trade and had continuous contacts with Norwegians with both looting and trade as integral part of interaction. The Bjarmians cannot be connected ethnically with any existing group of people but must be considered as a group of their own. The origin of the specific ethnical identity most likely lies in economical interaction (trade with furs and possibly other items) with neighbouring areas. Since the twelfth and thirteenth centuries new settlers moved to the northern areas and many political and economical changes occurred in Northern Fennoscandia and Russia, all of which would have contributed to a change that left the Bjarmians out of written sources.
Kola Sami in the Stalinist Terror
Authors: Kotljarchuk Andrej
Published: March 2024

The study is focused on aspects that have been understudied by previous research on the Kola Sami. First there is a quantitative analysis of the Sami victims of the Stalinist terror. Second there is a discussion of the short- and long-term roles of state violence for the affected indigenous community. Most prior studies of the ethnic aspects of the Stalinist terror have focused on the large Diaspora nationalities or post-war deportations, while this paper concentrates on a small homogenous indigenous community. The study reaches a new level of accuracy about the nature of Soviet terror, and who became victims and why.
The Joy of Narration
Authors: Mohnike Thomas
Published: March 2024

Le goût du baiser d’un garçon (2000) de Mikael Niemi fut le plus grand succès littéraire en Suède après 1989. Souvent, le roman est décrit comme un témoignage d’une culture minoritaire dans la région suédoise frontalière de la Finlande, où l’on parle une langue particulière, le meänkieli. Dans mon article, j’explique que cette réception est moins due à l’intention implicite du roman qu’aux attentes de ses lecteurs dans une phase de restructuration identitaire en Suède après la fin de la guerre froide. En effet, la Suède est, depuis, souvent imaginée comme un pays multiculturel, et le témoignage littéraire supposé d’une culture minoritaire sur le territoire du pays répondait bien à ces attentes. Cependant, ce n’est pas la seule façon d’interpréter le roman. Il s’agit plutôt d’un texte ouvert, jouant avec des discours identitaires multiples pour ouvrir des pistes d’identification au lecteur, sans préférence pour l’une de ces pistes. Plus important que le contenu du roman est donc en effet la forme, ou plutôt la dynamique inhérente aux formes narratives utilisées. Une oeuvre composée moins pour donner du sens que pour l’ouvrir, et pour suivre la joie de la narration.
The Geopolitical Laplander
Authors: Balzamo Elena
Published: March 2024

After being either completely ignored or mixed up with monsters and devils, which in the medieval imagination dwelled in the Extreme North, the Sami were suddenly brought into the limelight by Olaus Magnus (1492–1557), Swedish catholic bishop in exile. His Carta marina (1539) and Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus (1555) contain most valuable information, depicting the Sami’s natural virtues, practical skills and mysterious magic powers. The image provided by these works became widely spread in Europe thanks both to the reprints of the Latin originals and to the numerous translations. In the seventeenth century the theme was re-actualized by a new publication, entirely devoted to Lapland and its inhabitants: Lapponia (1673) by Johannes Schefferus (1621–1679). Translated into a number of languages it replaced the image created by Olaus Magnus with a new one, at the same time similar and different. The present paper examines some crucial points of this evolution in order to show that both “portraits” reflect motivations that go beyond purely scholarly interest: each of them is  part of the ideological struggle of its time—the Reformation in one case, the conflicts brought to life by the Thirty Years’ War in the other.
Zwischen zwei Welten
Authors: Heitmann Annegret
Published: March 2024

Einer der bekanntesten Texte über das Leben der Samen ist Jens Andreas Friis’ norwegischer Roman Lajla aus dem Jahr 1881. Sein Status als Klassiker wurde durch zwei Verfilmungen von Georg Schnéevoigt (Stummfilm von 1929 und Tonfilm von 1937) untermauert. Während es die Intention des Autors war, in unterhaltsamer Form ethnographische Informationen über das Leben der Samen zu vermitteln, wurde der Roman vor allem als eine romantische Liebesgeschichte über das einfache Leben in der Finnmark rezipiert. Der folgende Aufsatz beleuchtet den Handlungsgang um das „vertauschte Kind“ neu, indem er verschiedene Aspekte der Mobilität ins Zentrum stellt: des Textes selbst, des Mediums Film und vor allem der Konzeption der Ethnizität, die durch Betonung von Mobilität ihre dichotomische Starrheit verliert.
Re-Conceptualizing the North
Authors: Martin-Nielsen Janet
Published: March 2024

The past few years have brought a surge in re-conceptualizations of the North in the humanities and social sciences. Bringing together history, environment, geography, politics and culture, these re-conceptualizations offer frameworks, terminology and perspectives designed to situate the North in its complex modern context. They are linked by the authors’ shared interest in what the North has looked like and what it will look like in the future. This paper engages with a few of these re-conceptualizations in order to understand what agendas they put forward, explicitly and implicitly, and how they are situated within historical contexts. In this context, I ask what the North encompasses: which narratives, identities and connections merge with latitude, climate and physical environment to create new (and not-so-new) ways of thinking about northern spaces? Ultimately, I argue that these re-conceptualizations of the North are in fact themselves articulations of the future: developed and presented to tell particular stories, they are part of a larger story, one that reaches into the past and one which will continue to evolve and change.
Experiences of Being a Young Female Sami Reindeer Herder
Authors: Kaiser Niclas , Näckter Sofia , Karlsson Maria , Salander Renberg Ellinor
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To explore experiences of what it means to be a young, female Sami reindeer herder in Sweden, a group occupying a unique position in Swedish Sami life, with special focus on intersectionality and exposure to risk factors regarding mental (ill) health.

Methods: A qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews with 13 strategically selected female reindeer herders (18–35 years old).

Results: The participants described a reindeer-herding lifestyle that they find joyful and vital, but is also conflictual and harsh. Genderspecific issues were raised, for example that they unfortunately and unnecessarily have a place other than the heart of reindeer herding reserved for them.

Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the position of women reindeer herders is paradoxical. This position implies not only a pride in Sami culture but also a risk of developing mental health problems which should be addressed in relation to gender, the reindeer-herding lifestyle and ethnicity.
Penerapan Paradigma Sosio Religio Teknis Dalam Perancangan Aplikasi Forum Alumni Pondok Pesantren Alazhar Kota Banjar
Authors: Hilmi Arromdoni Bad'ul , Fatwanto Agung
Published: March 2024

Perkembangan dan modern dan global khususnya dalam dunia teknologi informasi tentang masuk dalam berbagai badang kehidupan sosial manusia, danradang dunia pendidikan nonformal untuk membangunun kemudahan akses informasi secara digital. Perancangan ini bertujuan untuk membuat model aplikasi forum alumni dengan menggunakan penerapan paradigma sosio-religio teknis yang dilakukan di pondok pesantren Alazhar Kota Banjar Jawa Barat. Dalam model forum aplikasi alumni singkat dan aman untuk melihat lebih banyak, diskusi forum, data alumni dan peduli donasi. Metodelogi yang digunakan dalam perancangan ini menggunakan metode Proses Terpadu Rasional Yang akan terbagi menjadi empat lutkah tahapan yaitu awal, elaborasi, konstruksi dan transisi Yang dan dikombinasik menggunakan gaya pemodelan Bahasa Pemodelan Terpadu serta menggunakan metode pengujian pengujian kotak hitam. Hasil dan kontribusi manfaat dari penelitian ini yaitu model perciptanya perancangan forum aplikasi alumni berbasis web dengan basis penerapan paradigma sosio-religio teknis. Adapun kontribusi dari penelitian ini yaitu model perancangan aplikasi ini dapat membantu alumni pondok pesantren dalam memperkuat jaringan komunitas santri dan anggota manyikan manfaat yang lebih las untuk masyarakat khususnya Huda Alazhar Kota Banjar Jawa Barat.
APLIKASI PENGELOLAAN BANK SAMPAH DI PERUMAHAN KOTABARU KENCANA TASIKMALAYA BERBASIS ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN METODE DEVOPS
Authors: Lubis Lutfi
Published: March 2024

Sistem Pengelolaan bank sampah di Perum Kota Baru masih dalam pencatatandan pendataan manual, dimana nasabah harus bertemu dengan Pengelola terlebihdahulu untuk melakukan transaksi sampah, dan Pengelola Bank Sampah masihkesulitan mengelola pendataan sampah dan nasabah yang cukup banyak.Perkembangan informasi dan teknologi pada zaman ini, yang memungkinkanmasyarakat bisa mendapatkan informasi secara cepat dan akurat. Salah satunyadengan menggunakan perangkat smartphone Android. Melihat kelebihan darismartphone andoroid memungkinkan pengelolaan data bank sampah bisa lebihmudah di akses dan lebih cepat pengelolaanya, tanpa harus nasabah mencaripengelola terlebih dahulu ataupun pengelola harus mencatat secara manualbanyak transaksi yang terjadi di Bank Sampah. Dev Ops adalah singkatan dari"Development" dan "Operations". Ini adalah teknologi atau metodepengembangan dengan memanfaatkan kolaborasi dan komunikasi antarapengembang perangkat lunak dan profesional TI lainnya. Tujuan utama metodeDevOps adalah untuk mengirimkan 12 perangkat lunak lebih cepat, yangmembutuhkan kolaborasi antara tim TI untuk pengembangan dan pemeliharaanperangkat lunak.penelitian ini menghasilkan aplikasi bank sampah yang bisadigunakan menggunakan platform android dan mendapat penilian dari usersebesar 94%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi ini sangat mudah untukdigunakan. 1. Pada aplikasi yang digunakan oleh nasbah bisa lebih mempermudahdalam pengecekan saldo dimana saja dan kapan saja melalui aplikasi yang sudahterinstal di media smartphone android. 2. Aplikasi ini juga mempermudah pihakbank sampah dalam mengelola penarikan, penyetoran, pengisian kategori danmempermudah dalam mendapatkan data baik data sampah, nasabah dan data totalsimpanan nasabah di bank sampah tersebut melalui web.
Penerapan Metode Certainty Factor Pada Sistem Pakar Diagnosis Penyakit Kucing Persia Berbasis Web
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Fauzil Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Penyakit pada hewan peliharaan khususnya kucing merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering dihadapi para pemiliknya. Kucing persia merupakan salah satu ras kucing yang rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit. Untuk membantu pemilik kucing persia mengidentifikasi dan mendiagnosis penyakit dengan lebih cepat dan akurat, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem pakar berbasis web yang menggunakan metode certainty factor (faktor kepastian). Metode faktor kepastian digunakan sebagai kerangka acuan dalam sistem pakar ini karena dapat mengatasi ketidakpastian informasi yang sering muncul dalam diagnosis medis. Sistem pakar ini dirancang untuk mengumpulkan informasi dari pengguna tentang gejala dan riwayat kesehatan kucing persia melalui antarmuka web yang mudah digunakan. Selain itu, sistem melakukan proses penalaran berdasarkan basis pengetahuan yang dikembangkan oleh dokter hewan. Basis data ini berisi aturan JIKA-MAKA yang mengaitkan gejala spesifik dengan kemungkinan penyakit yang mungkin dimiliki kucing persia. Metode faktor kepastian digunakan untuk memboboti setiap aturan menurut tingkat kepercayaan pakar terhadap hubungan antara gejala dan penyakit. Diharapkan pengembangan sistem pakar ini dapat memberikan kontribusi positif bagi dunia kesehatan hewan peliharaan, khususnya dengan mendukung pemilik kucing persia dalam mendiagnosis dan menangani masalah kesehatan hewan peliharaannya. Penelitian ini juga dapat menjadi dasar pengembangan lebih lanjut bidang kecerdasan buatan dan penerapan metode certainty factor pada sistem pakar medis lainnya.
Validation of a Model Estimating the Budget Impact of Video Capsule Endoscopy for Surveillance of Crohn’s Disease in an Italian Center
Authors: Saunders Rhodri , Calabrese Carlo , Gelli Dania , Davis Jason , Torrejon Torres Rafael
Published: March 2024

Background: Crohn’s disease is a chronic ailment affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Mucosal healing, a marker of reduced disease activity, is currently assessed in the colonic sections using ileocolonoscopy and magnetic resonance enteroscopy. Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) offers visualization of the entire GI mucosae.

Objective: To validate a Crohn’s disease model estimating the budget impact of VCE compared with the standard of care (SOC) in Italy.

Methods: A patient-level, discrete-event simulation was developed to estimate the budget impact of VCE compared with SOC for Crohn’s disease surveillance over 5 years in the Italian setting. Input data were sourced from a physician-initiated study from Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital in Bologna, Italy, and the literature. The care pathway followed hospital clinical practice. Comparators were the current SOC (ileocolonoscopy, with or without magnetic resonance enteroscopy) and VCE. Sensitivity analysis was performed using 500-patient bootstraps. A comparative analysis regarding clinical outcomes (biologics use, surgical interventions, symptom remission) was performed to explore the validity of the model compared with real-world data. Cumulative event incidences were compared annually and semi-annually. Bayesian statistical analysis further validated the model.

Results: Implementing VCE yielded an estimated €67 savings per patient per year, with savings in over 55% of patients, compared with SOC. While annual costs are higher up to the second year, VCE becomes cost saving from the third year onward. The real-world validation analysis proved a good agreement between the model and real-world patient records. The highest agreement was found for biologics, where Bayesian analysis estimated an 80.4% probability (95% CI: 72.2%-87.5%) that a decision maker would accept the result as an actual reflection of real-world data. Even where trend data diverged (eg, for surgery [43.1% likelihood of acceptance, 95% CI: 33.7%-52.8%]), the cumulative surgery count over 5 years was within the margin of error of the real-world data.

Conclusions: Implementing VCE in the surveillance of patients with Crohn’s disease and small bowel involvement may be cost saving in Italy. The congruence between model predictions and real-world patient records supports using this discrete-event simulation to inform healthcare decisions.