bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating and distinguishing personality and psychopathology
Authors: Wright Aidan G. C. , Hopwood Christopher J.
Published: September 2021

Objective

We asked authors of this Special Issue to answer the following four questions: (1) Is there evidence that personality and psychopathology can be integrated? (2) Is integration important? (3) Can they be distinguished? and (4) How can the difference be measured?

Method

We review each of the papers and place the special issue in a historical context.

Results

Authors uniformly agreed that personality and psychopathology can be integrated within a common structure and that this is important. The third and fourth questions were more challenging. Though authors generally agreed that there is a distinction between the person and their mental health problems, articulations of that distinction were fuzzy and it is clear that current methods cannot adequately delineate these domains.

Conclusions

We summarize the issue by offering five directions for future research: (1) develop measurement tools that distinguish between the person, the context, and their transaction, (2) measure behavior and context at multiple timescales, (3) distinguish behavior and dysfunction in measurement, (4) use multimethod data to tap different levels of behavior, and (5) examine person‐specific processes. Each of these directions comes with challenges, but the payoff of resolving them will be a more principled, evidence‐based, and clinically useful model for the distinction between personality and psychopathology.
Simultaneous variable selection and structural identification for time‐varying coefficient models
Authors: Hang Chan Ngai , Gao Linhao , Palma Wilfredo
Published: September 2021

Time‐varying coefficient models are important tools in time series analysis due to their flexibility to fit non‐stationary data. To improve the accuracy of these models, it is important to identify covariates with null, constant and time‐varying effects and to estimate their coefficients. This article proposes a combination of the local linear smoothing method and the adaptive group lasso penalty approach to achieve covariate identification and coefficient estimation. The penalty term consists of two parts. The first term penalizes the norm of the coefficient function, which is used to select relevant variables. The second term penalizes the norm of the derivative function, which assesses the constancy of the coefficient functions. The asymptotic properties of the proposed methodology are established. Performance of the proposed method is demonstrated using simulated data along with an application to the analysis of the air quality and health data in Hong Kong.
Drought induces shifts in soil fungal communities that can be linked to root traits across 24 plant species
Authors: Lozano Yudi M. , Aguilar‐Trigueros Carlos A. , Roy Julien , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: September 2021

Root traits respond to drought in a species‐specific manner, but little is known about how soil fungal communities and root traits respond to drought in concert.

In a glasshouse experiment, we determined the response of soil pathogens, saprotrophs, and mutualistic and all fungi associated with the roots of 24 plant species subjected to drought. At harvest, soil fungal communities were characterized by sequencing. Data on root traits were extracted from a previously published work.

Differences in fungal beta diversity between drought and control were plant species specific. For some species, saprotrophic fungi increased in relative abundance and richness with drought, whereas mutualistic fungi showed the opposite pattern. Community structure of pathogenic fungi was plant species specific but was slightly affected by drought.

Pathogen composition was correlated with specific root surface area and root : shoot, saprotroph abundance with root tissue density, whereas mutualist composition was correlated with root : shoot. All these were the fungal attributes that best predicted shoot mass.

Fungal response to drought depended highly on the fungal group and was related to root trait adjustments to water scarcity. This provides new insights into the role that root trait adjustments to drought may have in modulating plant–fungus interactions in grasslands ecosystems.
Resistance to a nonselective 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase‐inhibiting herbicide via novel reduction–dehydration–glutathione conjugation in Amaranthus tuberculatus
Authors: Concepcion Jeanaflor Crystal T. , Kaundun Shiv S. , Morris James A. , Hutchings Sarah‐Jane , Strom Seth A. , Lygin Anatoli V. , Riechers Dean E.
Published: September 2021

Metabolic resistance to 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)‐inhibiting herbicides is a threat in controlling waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) in the USA. We investigated resistance mechanisms to syncarpic acid‐3 (SA3), a nonselective, noncommercial HPPD‐inhibiting herbicide metabolically robust to Phase I oxidation, in multiple‐herbicide‐resistant (MHR) waterhemp populations (SIR and NEB) and HPPD inhibitor‐sensitive populations (ACR and SEN).

Dose–response experiments with SA3 provided ED50‐based resistant : sensitive ratios of at least 18‐fold. Metabolism experiments quantifying parent SA3 remaining in excised leaves during a time course indicated MHR populations displayed faster rates of SA3 metabolism compared to HPPD inhibitor‐sensitive populations.

SA3 metabolites were identified via LC‐MS‐based untargeted metabolomics in whole plants. A Phase I metabolite, likely generated by cytochrome P450‐mediated alkyl hydroxylation, was detected but was not associated with resistance. A Phase I metabolite consistent with ketone reduction followed by water elimination was detected, creating a putative α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl resembling a Michael acceptor site. A Phase II glutathione–SA3 conjugate was associated with resistance.

Our results revealed a novel reduction–dehydration–GSH conjugation detoxification mechanism. SA3 metabolism in MHR waterhemp is thus atypical compared to commercial HPPD‐inhibiting herbicides. This previously uncharacterized detoxification mechanism presents a unique opportunity for future biorational design by blocking known sites of herbicide metabolism in weeds.
Plant defense compound triggers mycotoxin synthesis by regulating H2B ub1 and H3K4 me2/3 deposition
Authors: Ma Tianling , Zhang Lixin , Wang Minhui , Li Yiqing , Jian Yunqing , Wu Liang , Kistler Harold Corby , Ma Zhonghua , Yin Yanni
Published: September 2021

Fusarium graminearum produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) which promotes its expansion during infection on its plant host wheat. Conditional expression of DON production during infection is poorly characterized.

Wheat produces the defense compound putrescine, which induces hypertranscription of DON biosynthetic genes (FgTRIs) and subsequently leads to DON accumulation during infection. Further, the regulatory mechanisms of FgTRIs hypertranscription upon putrescine treatment were investigated.

The transcription factor FgAreA regulates putrescine‐mediated transcription of FgTRIs by facilitating the enrichment of histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2B ub1) and histone 3 lysine 4 di‐ and trimethylations (H3K4 me2/3) on FgTRIs. Importantly, a DNA‐binding domain (bZIP) specifically within the Fusarium H2B ub1 E3 ligase Bre1 othologs is identified, and the binding of this bZIP domain to FgTRIs depends on FgAreA‐mediated chromatin rearrangement. Interestingly, H2B ub1 regulates H3K4 me2/3 via the methyltransferase complex COMPASS component FgBre2, which is different from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Taken together, our findings reveal the molecular mechanisms by which host‐generated putrescine induces DON production during F. graminearum infection. Our results also provide a novel insight into the role of putrescine during phytopathogen–host interactions and broaden our knowledge of H2B ub1 biogenesis and crosstalk between H2B ub1 and H3K4 me2/3 in eukaryotes.
Retracted: CircRNA_103948 inhibits autophagy in colorectal cancer in a ceRNA manner
Authors: Zhang Nanyang , Zhang Xianxiang , Xu Wenbing , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Mu Zepeng
Published: September 2021

Circular RNA (circRNA) is implicated in many types of cancer; however, the expression and role of circRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains poorly understood. In this study, a circRNA microarray assay was performed to detect abnormally expressed circRNAs in CRC, and tissue arrays were used to determine the prognosis for CRC patients. Cell counting kit‐8, clone formation, wound healing, and transwell assays were used to evaluate cell functions in vitro, and a mouse subcutaneous tumor model was designed for in vivo analysis. Autophagy was observed using confocal laser scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA was detected using qPCR; western blot, RNA pull‐down assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual luciferase assessment were applied for mechanistic studies. We found that circRNA_103948 expression is upregulated in CRC tissues, compared with adjacent normal tissues, and associated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of circRNA_103948 suppressed CRC both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circRNA_103948 could directly bind to miR‐1236‐3p and relieve suppression of the target TPT1. Furthermore, circRNA_103948 inhibited autophagy of CRC cells. Taken together, circRNA_103948 knockdown inhibited CRC cell growth by targeting miR‐1236‐3p/TPT1 axis–mediated autophagy. Thus, the circRNA_103948/miR‐1236‐3p/TPT1 axis affects CRC progression via modulation of autophagy.
Differences in regional gray matter volume predict the extent to which openness influences judgments of beauty and pleasantness of interior architectural spaces
Authors: Skov Martin , Vartanian Oshin , Navarrete Gorka , Modroño Cristian , Chatterjee Anjan , Leder Helmut , Gonzalez‐Mora José L. , Nadal Marcos
Published: September 2021

Hedonic evaluation of sensory objects varies from person to person. While this variability has been linked to differences in experience, little is known about why stimuli lead to different evaluations in different people. We used linear mixed‐effects models to determine the extent to which the openness, contour, and ceiling height of interior spaces influenced the beauty and pleasantness ratings of 18 participants. Then, by analyzing structural brain images acquired for the same group of participants, we asked if any regional gray matter volume (rGMV) covaried with these differences in the extent to which the three features influence beauty and pleasantness ratings. Voxel‐based morphometry analysis revealed that the influence of openness on pleasantness ratings correlated with rGMV in the anterior prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area (BA)‐10), and the influence of openness on beauty ratings correlated with rGMV in the temporal pole (BA38) and cluster, including the posterior cingulate cortex (BA31) and paracentral lobule (BA5/6). There were no significant correlations involving contour or ceiling height. Our results suggest that regional variance in gray matter volume may play a role in the computation of hedonic valuation and account for differences in the way people weigh certain attributes of interior architectural spaces.
A machine learning–based biological aging prediction and its associations with healthy lifestyles: the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort
Authors: Wang Chenming , Guan Xin , Bai Yansen , Feng Yue , Wei Wei , Li Hang , Li Guyanan , Meng Hua , Li Mengying , Jie Jiali , Fu Ming , Wu Xiulong , He Meian , Zhang Xiaomin , Yang Handong , Lu Yanjun , Guo Huan
Published: September 2021

This study aims to establish a biological age (BA) predictor and to investigate the roles of lifestyles on biological aging. The 14,848 participants with the available information of multisystem measurements from the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort were used to estimate BA. We developed a composite BA predictor showing a high correlation with chronological age (CA) (r = 0.82) by using an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. The average frequency hearing threshold, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), gender, systolic blood pressure, and homocysteine ranked as the top five important features for the BA predictor. Two aging indexes, recorded as the AgingAccel (the residual from regressing predicted age on CA) and aging rate (the ratio of predicted age to CA), showed positive associations with the risks of all‐cause (HR (95% CI) = 1.12 (1.10–1.14) and 1.08 (1.07–1.10), respectively) and cause‐specific (HRs ranged from 1.06 to ∼1.15) mortality. Each 1‐point increase in healthy lifestyle score (including normal body mass index, never smoking, moderate alcohol drinking, physically active, and sleep 7–9 h/night) was associated with a 0.21‐year decrease in the AgingAccel (95% CI: −0.27 to −0.15) and a 0.4% decrease in the aging rate (95% CI: −0.5% to −0.3%). This study developed a machine learning–based BA predictor in a prospective Chinese cohort. Adherence to healthy lifestyles showed associations with delayed biological aging, which highlights potential preventive interventions.
Biomarkers for heart failure and prognostic prediction in patients with Fontan circulation
Authors: Inai Kei
Published: September 2021

A wide variety of pathologies are involved in heart failure in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Specific causes of heart failure after the Fontan procedure include not only single‐ventricle circulation, but also the function of the right ventricle as the systemic ventricle, atrioventricular or semilunar valve stenosis or regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and left ventricular dysfunction secondary to right ventricular enlargement or dysfunction. As heart failure can occur post‐Fontan, for a variety of reasons, clarification of the pathophysiology is the first step in management and treatment. At the same time, it is important to understand each patient's current condition and treatment plan to make an accurate prognosis. Because of the wide variety of pathophysiologies in post‐Fontan CHD patients, however, no single biomarker is useful in all situations. Relevant biomarkers must be selected according to each patient’s disease state, and combinations of multiple biomarkers should also be considered. In this review, the author describes the clinical importance of various biomarkers for patients who have undergone a Fontan procedure.
Ancillary Cost Implications of Physicians Multisiting and Inter‐Organizational Collaboration During Healthcare Delivery
Authors: Lan Yingchao , Goradia Deepa , Chandrasekaran Aravind
Published: September 2021

This study investigates diagnostic testing and pharmacy expenditures, commonly referred to as ancillary costs in the United States acute‐care hospitals. These ancillary costs are charges associated with services provided to support patient treatment, including laboratory, radiology, and pharmacy charges. Despite of investment in inter‐organizational and technological collaboration practices, these costs continue to rise. Our research examines the role of individual healthcare providers, namely multisiting physicians, who practice at more than one hospital, in reducing ancillary cost. We also look at how inter‐organizational collaboration measured by the hospital's affiliation in an accountable care organization (ACO) model affect this relationship. To do this, we assembled a unique data set of 163,617 patients treated by 4411 physicians at 182 hospitals in Florida from 2014 to 2016. Using an econometric estimation approach accounting for endogeneity, we find that patients treated by multisiting physicians experienced, on an average, per‐hospitalization reduction in laboratory and radiology charges of 58.57% and 30.11%, respectively. These savings increase when multisiting physicians have less practice experience. We also find that hospitals participating in ACO model complement the savings achieved through multisiting physicians in the form of even lower pharmacy costs. In post‐hoc analyses, we find such cost reduction comes from reducing the total number of procedures or tests ordered. We also show that the lower treatment charges do not compromise the clinical quality of patients treated by multisiting physicians. Collectively, the findings offer important insights to the healthcare operations management literature on the interaction between individual‐organizational collaboration efforts and patient‐level outcomes.
Role of sugar and auxin crosstalk in plant growth and development
Authors: Mishra Bhuwaneshwar Sharan , Sharma Mohan , Laxmi Ashverya
Published: September 2021

Under the natural environment, nutrient signals interact with phytohormones to coordinate and reprogram plant growth and survival. Sugars are important molecules that control almost all morphological and physiological processes in plants, ranging from seed germination to senescence. In addition to their functions as energy resources, osmoregulation, storage molecules, and structural components, sugars function as signaling molecules and interact with various plant signaling pathways, such as hormones, stress, and light to modulate growth and development according to fluctuating environmental conditions. Auxin, being an important phytohormone, is associated with almost all stages of the plant's life cycle and also plays a vital role in response to the dynamic environment for better growth and survival. In the previous years, substantial progress has been made that showed a range of common responses mediated by sugars and auxin signaling. This review discusses how sugar signaling affects auxin at various levels from its biosynthesis to perception and downstream gene activation. On the same note, the review also highlights the role of auxin signaling in fine‐tuning sugar metabolism and carbon partitioning. Furthermore, we discussed the crosstalk between the two signaling machineries in the regulation of various biological processes, such as gene expression, cell cycle, development, root system architecture, and shoot growth. In conclusion, the review emphasized the role of sugar and auxin crosstalk in the regulation of several agriculturally important traits. Thus, engineering of sugar and auxin signaling pathways could potentially provide new avenues to manipulate for agricultural purposes.
New approaches to improve crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses
Authors: González Guzmán Miguel , Cellini Francesco , Fotopoulos Vasileios , Balestrini Raffaella , Arbona Vicent
Published: September 2021

During the last years, a great effort has been dedicated at the development and employment of diverse approaches for achieving more stress‐tolerant and climate‐flexible crops and sustainable yield increases to meet the food and energy demands of the future. The ongoing climate change is in fact leading to more frequent extreme events with a negative impact on food production, such as increased temperatures, drought, and soil salinization as well as invasive arthropod pests and diseases. In this review, diverse “green strategies” (e.g., chemical priming, root‐associated microorganisms), and advanced technologies (e.g., genome editing, high‐throughput phenotyping) are described on the basis of the most recent research evidence. Particularly, attention has been focused on the potential use in a context of sustainable and climate‐smart agriculture (the so called “next agriculture generation”) to improve plant tolerance and resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses. In addition, the gap between the results obtained in controlled experiments and those from application of these technologies in real field conditions (lab to field step) is also discussed.
Who Joins a Forum—And Who Does Not?—Evaluating Drivers of Forum Participation in Polycentric Governance Systems
Authors: Angst Mario , Mewhirter Jack , McLaughlin Danielle , Fischer Manuel
Published: September 2021

In polycentric governance systems, decisions that influence a given policy issue are often made across a series of forums: venues where actors meet to resolve collective action problems. Here, we examine who does and does not participate in forums, and the factors driving that participation. We analyze forum participation patterns of 307 actors involved in Swiss water governance, who could participate in water governance forums. We find that the majority of actors do not participate in any forums. Results from a Bayesian multilevel logistic regression model show that especially those concerned with a broader range of policy issues and those that have more organizational resources at their disposal are more likely to participate. To a lesser extent, this also holds for organizations that represent policy beliefs consistent with median beliefs in the system. A belief that increased cross‐sectoral coordination is needed to promote more effective governance does not have a discernible impact on participation. These results question the integrative characteristics often attributed to forums in polycentric governance more generally.
Constructing environmental degradation and (in)fertility in Yorùbá orature
Authors: Bernard Oluwabunmi Tope
Published: September 2021

Environmental degradation has been found to have a significant impact on human health. Although scientists and clinicians are at the forefront of understanding these complex links, it is also necessary to investigate the potential insights that the humanities can provide. Building on existing scholarship, this study argues that African indigenous knowledges are replete with mechanisms for understanding the nature of the problem and in procuring lasting solutions. Specifically offering an in‐depth content analysis of Ifá religious corpus among the Yorùbá of Southwestern Nigeria, this study argues that Ifá corpus contains significant historical references to epistemological sources for understanding the relationship between environmental degradation and (in)fertility. I demonstrate that Odù Ọ̀sá Méjì, an Ifá corpus, explains the interlayers of Yorùbá notions on environmental degradation, drought, forest burning, displacement of animals, and famine as causes of health‐related issues such as decrease in sperm count and quality, absence of menstruation, post‐term pregnancies, and decreased lactation. Relevant metaphors and hermeneutical tools are employed to uncover valuable insights from Ifá corpus on the nexus between a healthy environment and human fertility.
Conspiracy beliefs and the individual, relational, and collective selves
Authors: Biddlestone Mikey , Green Ricky , Cichocka Aleksandra , Sutton Robbie , Douglas Karen
Published: September 2021

Recent empirical and theoretical developments suggest that endorsement of conspiracy theories can arise from the frustration ofsocialmotives. Taking this further, the current review integrates theorising on processes relating to three selves—theindividual,relational, andcollectiveself and outlines their associations with conspiracy beliefs. In doing so, we argue that motives pertaining to the individual self (e.g., narcissism, need for uniqueness) are linked to belief in conspiracy theories to deflect blame from personal shortcomings and protect the self‐image. Motives responding to threats to the relational self (e.g., social exclusion) increase endorsement of conspiracy theories to regain a sense of social support through exchanging shared concerns. Finally, collective self motives (e.g., collective narcissism, perceived ingroup victimhood) foster conspiracy beliefs to defend the group image by blaming outgroups for ingroup misfortunes and placing one's group in a morally superior victim role. Taken together, endorsement of conspiracy theories appears to be borne out of attempts to manage these three selves. Potential consequences for each of the selves, future directions, and theoretical implications are discussed.
Analysis of de novo donor‐specific HLA‐DPB1 antibodies in kidney transplantation
Authors: Tang Chen , Unterrainer Christian , Fink Annette , Cinca Sofia , Ruhenstroth Andrea , Scherer Sabine , Morath Christian , Zeier Martin , Mehrabi Arianeb , Süsal Caner , Tran Thuong Hien
Published: September 2021

HLA matching and avoidance of unacceptable mismatches are important aspects in the selection of donors for solid organ transplantation. The impact of HLA‐DPB1 incompatibility on the outcomes of kidney transplantation is not fully understood. We investigated a potential effect of mismatching for HLA‐DPB1 at allele, eplet, or Terasaki epitope (TerEp) level on the formation of de novo donor‐specific antibodies (dnDSA) and also asked whether polymorphisms associated with HLA‐DPB1 expression level may influence dnDSA induction. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between graft survival and HLA‐DPB1 mismatches defined by different approaches. A cohort of 366 patients who received a kidney transplant at the Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany, with availability of pre‐ and post‐transplant HLA antibody results by single antigen testing as well as of donor and recipient HLA‐DPB1 high‐resolution typing were analyzed retrospectively. Susceptibility to increased HLA‐DPB1 expression was predicted by the linked dimorphism rs9277534 A/G of the HLA‐DPB1 gene. Neither HLA‐DPB1 mismatches at allele, eplet or TerEp level nor exposure to donor's high HLA‐DPB1 expression were significantly associated with the risk of developing dnDSA against HLA‐DPB1. However, HLA‐DPB1 eplet and TerEp mismatches had a significant negative impact on graft survival (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Matching for HLA‐DPB1 at epitope instead of allele level appears to have potential to improve graft survival in kidney transplantation.
Mouse background genetics in biomedical research: The devil's in the details
Authors: Hay Ariel M. , Howie Heather L. , Gorham James D. , D'Alessandro Angelo , Spitalnik Steven L. , Hudson Krystalyn E. , Zimring James C.
Published: September 2021

Background

Genetically modified mice are used widely to explore mechanisms in most biomedical fields—including transfusion. Concluding that a gene modification is responsible for a phenotypic change assumes no other differences between the gene‐modified and wild‐type mice besides the targetted gene.

Study Design and Methods

To test the hypothesis that the N‐terminus of Band3, which regulates metabolism, affects RBC storage biology, RBCs from mice with a modified N‐terminus of Band3 were stored under simulated blood bank conditions. All strains of mice were generated with the same initial embryonic stem cells from 129 mice and each strain was backcrossed with C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Both 24‐h recoveries post‐transfusion and metabolomics were determined for stored RBCs. Genetic profiles of mice were assessed by a high‐resolution SNP array.

Results

RBCs from mice with a mutated Band3 N‐terminus had increased lipid oxidation and worse 24‐h recoveries, “demonstrating” that Band3 regulates oxidative injury during RBC storage. However, SNP analysis demonstrated variable inheritance of 129 genetic elements between strains. Controlled interbreeding experiments demonstrated that the changes in lipid oxidation and some of the decreased 24‐hr recovery were caused by inheritance of a region of chromosome 1 of 129 origin, and not due to the modification of Band 3. SNP genotyping of a panel of commonly used commercially available KO mice showed considerable 129 contamination, despite wild‐type B6 mice being listed as the correct control.

Discussion

Thousands of articles published each year use gene‐modified mice, yet genetic background issues are rarely considered. Assessment of such issues are not, but should become, routine norms of murine experimentation.
Patterns of transfusion burden in an unselected population of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: A population‐based study
Authors: Rozema Johanne , van Roon Eric N. , Kibbelaar Robby E. , Veeger Nic J. G. M. , Slim Christiaan L. , de Wit Harry , Hoogendoorn Mels ,   on behalf of the HemoBase Population Registry Consortium
Published: September 2021

Background

Ineffective hematopoiesis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) often results in transfusion dependence. The burden of frequent transfusions in the real‐world MDS population is largely unknown.

Study design and methods

An observational, retrospective, population‐based study, using the HemoBase registry, was performed including all patients diagnosed with MDS between 2005 and 2017 in Friesland, a province in the Netherlands with approximately 650,000 inhabitants. Detailed clinical information was collected from the electronic health records. Transfusion burden was classified according to the International Working Group 2018 criteria: not transfusion dependent, low (LTB), or high transfusion burden (HTB). Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed.

Results

Of 292 patients, 136 (46.6%) had a HTB of ≥8 units/16 weeks and 17 (5.8%) had a LTB of 3–7 units/16 weeks. This was present in all types of MDS patients, but patients aged 75–84 years (odds ratio [OR] 4.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.84–8.82), high‐risk MDS patients (OR 2.88, 95% CI: 1.08–7.68) and MDS‐EB‐2 patients (OR 7.07, 95% CI: 2.17–22.90) were particularly at risk for a HTB.

Discussion

This study provides a reliable estimate of the transfusion burden in real‐world MDS patients, with almost half of the patients having a HTB. A HTB was observed in all MDS subtypes and both low‐ and high‐risk MDS. Therefore, we conclude that the entire MDS population might benefit from novel agents that reduce the transfusion need and that might have beneficial effects on patient outcomes and healthcare utilization outcomes.
Autologous lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum: A retrospective study of 35 eyes (2012–2020)
Authors: Michel Julien , Vigan Marie , Douet Jean‐Yves
Published: September 2021

Objective

To evaluate the use of autologous lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum (FCS).

Procedure

The medical records of cats diagnosed with FCS that underwent autologous lamellar keratoplasty between 2012 and 2020 with a minimum of 2 months of follow‐up were reviewed. After keratectomy of FCS, a button adjacent to the corneal limbus was harvested on the same eye and sutured to the recipient bed. A nictitating membrane flap was left in place until the first recheck except for one patient. Postoperative treatment with topical and systemic antibiotics and systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory medications was prescribed. Follow‐up examinations were carried out 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months post‐operatively and consisted of a complete ophthalmic examination.

Results

A total of 35 cats (35 eyes) were included. The median follow‐up time was 3.2 months (range, 2–59 months). Brachycephalic cats were overrepresented (85.7%). The mean graft size was 6.5 mm (range, 6–9 mm). Minor complications consisting of melting and partial integration of the graft occurred in 2/35 eyes (5.7%). Recurrence was observed in 1/35 eyes (2.9%) and was managed by a superficial keratectomy. A good visual outcome was achieved in all eyes, and a faint or mild corneal opacification occurred in 15/35 (42.9%).

Conclusions

Autologous lamellar keratoplasty is an effective treatment for FCS, providing good tectonic support to the affected cornea and resulting in good visual and cosmetic outcomes. These results should be verified in future prospective studies that include a larger number of cases and longer‐term follow‐up.
An Approach for School Counselors: Behavioral Consultation with Parents of Youth with School Attendance Problems
Authors: Maeda Naoki , Inoue Reiho
Published: September 2021

apply to students with school attendance problems (SAPs). A school counselor adopted the rapid school return approach in a school-based behavioral consultation with parents of a 13-year-old Japanese male student who refused to attend school. After the parents implemented the approach, the student resumed his regular school attendance, which continued until the end of junior high school. The A–B design in a single case study was employed as the research design. Throughout the implementation of the approach, the findings indicated that: (a) school counselors should conduct behavioral consultation sessions with parents periodically; (b) school counselors and parents should discuss who is responsible for the escorting process; (c) school staff and school counselors should collect attendance accurate data of students with SAPs daily until the end of the academic year; and (d) school counselors should view SAPs as a persistent problem for students, which can relapse at certain points during compulsory school. This current case study suggests that behavioral consultation with parents of youth with SAPs can be effective in dealing with students who refuse to attend school and are unwilling to seek specialists’ help.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert
Published: September 2021

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 8Jane Liang, California Department of Education, USAKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilMaria Rosa M. Prado, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, BrazilMinh Duc Duong, Thai Nguyen University, VietnamMuhammad Haris Effendi-Hasibuan, Universitas Jambi, IndonesiaNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanSarah Nabih Nasif, October University, EgyptSelloane Pitikoe, University of Eswatini, Eswatini  Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Chromato-Mass-Spectrometric Identification of Glycosides of Phenylethylamides of Hydroxycinnamic Acids in a Suspension Cell Culture of Mandragora turcomanica
Authors: Kochkin D. V. , Galishev B. A. , Titova M. V. , Popova E. V. , Nosov A. M.
Published: September 2021

A detailed UPLC-ESI-MS study was performed on secondary metabolites in the biomass of a suspension plant cell culture of Turkmenian mandrake (Mandragora turcomanica Mizgir.), which has been maintained for over 30 years. Both compounds widespread in plants (amides of hydroxycinnamic acids with putrescine and feruloyltyramine) and very rare metabolites (glycosides of phenylethylamides of hydroxycinnamic acids) have been identified. The identification of compounds was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UPLC-ESI-MS) and detection of positive and negative ion modes. Structural analysis of glycosides of phenylethylamides of ferulic acid was carried out on the basis of interpreting MS spectra obtained by fragmentation of protonated molecular ions [M + H]+ of these compounds in the ionization source. Based on the obtained results, the presence of five hexosides of ferulic acid, three of which were with tyramine residues and one each with methoxytyramine and octopamine residues, respectively, in the M. turcomanica cells cultivated in vitro was revealed. One of the detected glycosides belongs to a very rare group of plant metabolites: feruloyltyramine dihexosides. The obtained results confirm the concept developed in the authors' works on the change in specialized metabolism of plant cells cultivated in vitro and indicate that dedifferentiated proliferating cells retain the ability to form a complex set of secondary metabolites, which contradicts the prevailing ideas about the loss or decrease in the intensity of specialized metabolism in plant cell cultures.
Proteome and Lipidome of Plant Cell Membranes during Development
Authors: Shishova M. F. , Yemelyanov V. V.
Published: September 2021

Intensive development of systemic biology involves intensification of such branches as proteomics and lipidomics, which are valid for systemic biology of plants. This trend is obvious due to the rapidly growing number of publications on proteomes and lipidomes of plant cells, tissues, and whole organs. Particulars of the plant nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have been rather well detailed in this regard. However, these data are scarce concerning the tonoplast, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and other single-membrane organelles of the plant cell. This review surveys the current concepts related to specificity of protein and lipid spectra in the membrane structures of plant cells. The little data describing changes in these parameters in the course of development and under stress pressure are also analyzed.
Glutathione Status in the Roots of Tomato Plants Transgenic by Genes psl and rapA1 in the Presence of Rhizobium leguminosarum
Authors: Vershinina Z. R. , Chubukova O. V. , Maslennikova D. R.
Published: September 2021

The level of glutathione was investigated in the roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants transgenic by genes psl and rapA1 in the presence of a microsymbiont of leguminous plants Rhizobium leguminosarum VSy3. The plants transformed with gene psl showed a greater bacterial adhesion than the plants transformed with gene rapA1, which positively correlated with growth parameters of plants. Treatment with rhizobia elevated the content of glutathione in the roots of wild type plants three times, 4.7 times in the roots of plants transformed with gene rapA1, and more than five times in the plants transgenic by gene psl. The obtained results suggest that the level of glutathione in the roots may serve as a marker of efficiency of artificial symbiotic systems produced de novo.
Applying explicit symplectic integrator to study chaos of charged particles around magnetized Kerr black hole
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Ying , Liu Fuyao , Wu Xin
Published: September 2021

In a recent work of Wu, Wang, Sun and Liu, a second-order explicit symplectic integrator was proposed for the integrable Kerr spacetime geometry. It is still suited for simulating the nonintegrable dynamics of charged particles moving around the Kerr black hole embedded in an external magnetic field. Its successful construction is due to the contribution of a time transformation. The algorithm exhibits a good long-term numerical performance in stable Hamiltonian errors and computational efficiency. As its application, the dynamics of order and chaos of charged particles is surveyed. In some circumstances, an increase of the dragging effects of the spacetime seems to weaken the extent of chaos from the global phase-space structure on Poincaré sections. However, an increase of the magnetic parameter strengthens the chaotic properties. On the other hand, fast Lyapunov indicators show that there is no universal rule for the dependence of the transition between different dynamical regimes on the black hole spin. The dragging effects of the spacetime do not always weaken the extent of chaos from a local point of view.
Estimation of nuclear matrix elements of double-$$\varvec{\beta }$$ decay from shell model and quasiparticle random-phase approximation
Authors: Terasaki J. , Iwata Y.
Published: September 2021

The nuclear matrix element (NME) of neutrinoless double-$$\beta $$β($$0\nu \beta \beta $$0νββ) decay is an essential input for determining the neutrino effective mass, if the half-life of this decay is measured. Reliable calculation of this NME has been a long-standing problem because of the diversity of the predicted values of the NME, which depends on the calculation method. In this study, we focus on the shell model and the QRPA. The shell model has a rich amount of the many-particle many-hole correlations, and the quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) can obtain the convergence of the calculation results with respect to the extension of the single-particle space. It is difficult for the shell model to obtain the convergence of the$$0\nu \beta \beta $$0νββNME with respect to the valence single-particle space. The many-body correlations of the QRPA may be insufficient, depending on the nuclei. We propose a new method to phenomenologically modify the results of the shell model and the QRPA compensating for the insufficiencies of each method using the information of other methods in a complementary manner. Extrapolations of the components of the$$0\nu \beta \beta $$0νββNME of the shell model are made toward a very large valence single-particle space. We introduce a modification factor to the components of the$$0\nu \beta \beta $$0νββNME of the QRPA. Our modification method yields similar values of the$$0\nu \beta \beta $$0νββNME for the two methods with respect to$$^{48}$$48Ca. The NME of the two-neutrino double-$$\beta $$βdecay is also modified in a similar but simpler manner, and the consistency of the two methods is improved.
Entanglement and quantum tomography with top quarks at the LHC
Authors: Afik Yoav , de Nova Juan Ramón Muñoz
Published: September 2021

Entanglement is a central subject in quantum mechanics. Due to its genuine relativistic behavior and fundamental nature, high-energy colliders are attractive systems for the experimental study of fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. We propose the detection of entanglement between the spins of top–antitop–quark pairs at the LHC, representing the first proposal of entanglement detection in a pair of quarks, and also the entanglement observation at the highest energy scale so far. We show that entanglement can be observed by direct measurement of the angular separation between the leptons arising from the decay of the top–antitop pair. The detection can be achieved with high statistical significance, using the current data recorded during Run 2 at the LHC. In addition, we develop a simple protocol for the quantum tomography of the top–antitop pair. This experimental technique reconstructs the quantum state of the system, providing a new experimental tool to test theoretical predictions. Our work explicitly implements canonical experimental techniques in quantum information in a two-qubit high-energy system, paving the way to use high-energy colliders to also study quantum information aspects.
A New Self-Adaptive Hybrid Markov Topic Model Poi Recommendation in Social Networks
Authors: Xu Bin , Ge Chuanming , Zhao Wei , Cao Jianhua , Pan Ruilin
Published: September 2021

Point-of-Interest recommendation is an efficient way to explore interesting unknown locations in social media mining of social networks. In order to solve the problem of sparse data and inaccuracy of single user model, we propose a User-City-Sequence Probabilistic Generation Model (UCSPGM) integrating a collective individual self-adaptive Markov model and the topic model. The collective individual self-adaptive Markov model consists of three parts such as the collective Markov model, the individual self-adaptive Markov model and the self-adaptive rank method. The former determines the topic sequence for all users in system and mines the behavioral patterns of users in a large environment. The later mines behavioral patterns for each user in a small environment. The last determines a self-adaptive-rank for each user in niche. We conduct a large amount of experiments to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.
Restructuring Measurements Impact on Bank Risk After the Global Financial Crisis — Empirical Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Tran Tu T. T. , Nguyen Yen Thi
Published: September 2021

Project 254 signed in November 2011 which is relating to “Restructuring the system of credit institutions in the period of 2011–2015” has been considered as a milestone in marking the Vietnamese government to prevent the influence of the financial crisis of 2008. This paper identifies hypotheses evaluating the impact of restructuring measurements on the risk of the Vietnamese’s commercial banks in 10 years, starting from 2008. Using the OLS regression method for analysis by running Eviews and ANOVA test in SPSS with a unique database of 216 observations of 31 commercial banks in Vietnam, it was found that: (i) The bail-out activities of the State Bank of Vietnam in 2015 does not influence on bank risk, (ii) The mergers and acquisitions (M&A) do not support the bank to reduce risk, it increases the risk for acquiring banks, (iii) The global crisis 2008 exerts dire consequence on the bank system in Vietnam, (iv) There is the difference of risk among the groups of the bank experiencing a different number of years of operation. Basing on this result, the paper also makes recommendations to the Government, The State Bank of Vietnam and the commercial banks for effective risk management toward the development of the Vietnamese banking system.
Experimental Investigation on Coupled Vibration Features of Suspended Monorail Train–Bridge System under Constant Speed and Braking Conditions
Authors: He Qinglie , Yang Yun , Cai Chengbiao , Zhu Shengyang , Zhai Wanming
Published: September 2021

Suspended monorail transportation (SMT) plays an important role in alleviating the urban traffic pressure, and its vehicle–bridge dynamic features are significantly different from those of the traditional railway. To grasp the coupled vibration features of suspended monorail train–bridge system (SMTBS), this paper presents a comprehensive experimental investigation on the vehicle–bridge vibrational responses under different operating conditions. First, based on the Chengdu SMT test line in China, a full-scale field measurement of the coupled vibration responses of the SMTBS is elaborately conducted under constant speed conditions. Then, the vibrational responses of the SMTBS are analyzed in the time and frequency domains to reveal its coupled vibration features and vibration transmission characteristics. Further, considering an extreme train operating condition, the vibrational responses of the SMTBS are tested and analyzed under train emergency braking; and the vibration features of the vehicle and bridge are examined for emergency braking, along with several key indexes evaluated for the train braking performance. Results show that the vibrational accelerations transmitted from the frame to the center pin and then to the carbody will be significantly decreased in turn, and the vibrational dominant frequencies of the bogie, center pin, and carbody mainly fall with 0–100[Formula: see text]Hz, 0–50[Formula: see text]Hz, and 0–20[Formula: see text]Hz, respectively. Under moving train loads, the box beam produces plentiful high-frequency vibrations and the vibrations transmitted from the driving track to the top plate are drastically reduced. The train braking significantly intensifies the car-body longitudinal vibration; however, it has small influences on the car-body vertical and lateral vibrations.
The Constant Stress Hanging String with Bottom Load — An Exact Solution
Authors: Wang C. Y.
Published: September 2021

The unique solution for the fully stressed hanging string with a bottom load is found. For a given length of string, the problem depends on two parameters, representing the ratio of string density to maximum stress, and the ratio of bottom mass to maximum stress. The cross-sectional area of the string decays exponentially downward. Vibration frequencies are found from the exact characteristic equation. Results from analytic perturbation formulas compare well with those of numerical solution.