bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengarna och hemmet - något om bytesformen mellan produktion och reproduktion
Authors: Gullvåg Holter Øystein
Published: June 2022

Begreppsparet reproduktion — produktion motsvarar inte begreppen privat — offenlig, påpekar Oystein Gullvåg Holter. Han kritiserar tendensen att se patriarkat och reproduktion som ideologiska företeelser. Både produktionens och reproduktionens sfärer är delar av ekonomin, och uppdelningen mellan privat och offentligt går tvärsöver båda sfärerna.
Sverige - gammalt patriarkat i ny förklädnad
Authors: Widerberg Karin
Published: June 2022

Prostitution och våldtäkt är logiska uttryck för vårt samhälles patrikalt definierade och organiserade sexualitet. Karin Widerberg skisserar här den historiska bakgrunden till dess utveckling. Hon tar särskilt upp de rättsliga uttrycken för den modernisering av patriarkatet som sker i dag. Med hjälp av en strukturell och en individualpsykologisk ansats söker hon ge en förståelse av 'det erotiska kriget mellan könen'.
Våldtäktsoffrets rättsliga ställning = systemvåld?
Authors: Thorbek Jytte
Published: June 2022

Ett våldtäktsoffer behandlas i rätten i princip som ett vittne — inte som offer eller kärande. Dock har i Danmark hennes rättsliga ställning förbättrats genom ny lagstiftning 1980. Jytte Thorbek diskuterar här de nya reglernas innebörd och finner dem otillräckliga. De patriarkala myterna frodas nämligen även hos polis- och rättsväsende.
Vision, röst och makt: den feministiska konsthistorien och marxismen
Authors: Pollock Griselda
Published: June 2022

Kvinnor har alltid varit konstnärer. Men med det borgerliga samhället uppstod i slutet av 1800-talet en motsättning mellan konstnärsrollen och det nya kvinnoidealet. Denna präglar ännu den borgerligt patriarkala konsthistoriens syn på kvinnors konst. Men med hjälp av marxistisk analys kan feministerna avslöja denna syn som ohistorisk och ideologisk.
Boendets planering och vardagslivets organisering
Authors: Franzen Mats , Sandstedt Eva
Published: June 2022

Under efterkrigstiden har omvandlingen av den svenska staden präglats av grannskapsenhetens framväxt. Mats Franzén och Eva Sandstedt visar här vilka effekter denna omvandling har haft för kvinnor.
Kollektivhus för kvinnofrigörelse
Authors: Vestbro Dick Urban
Published: June 2022

Under hela 1900-talet har kollektivhusdebatten förts i många länder. Dick Urban Vestbro drar här upp några intressanta linjer i denna debatt. Av särskilt intresse framstår synen på familjen, barnens behov och kvinnans frigörelse.
Kvinnoperspektiv på fritidsboendet
Authors: Jarlöv Lena
Published: June 2022

Med utgångspunkt i två undersökningar, en av familjer som bosatt sig permanent i fritidshus och en av familjer med fritidshus och stadslägenhet, visar Lena Jarlöv att det finns könsbundna skillnader i förhållandet till fritidshuset.
Patriarkatets dolda läroplan
Authors: Hägg Kerstin
Published: June 2022

Kerstin Hägg påvisar här existensen av en patriarkatets dolda läroplan i skolan som genom att favorisera pojkarna och prioritera deras intressen socialiserar flickorna till deras framtida ansvar för underordnat, obetalt arbete.
Kvinnofolksgöra - om arbetsdelning i bondesamhället
Authors: Löfgren Orvar
Published: June 2022

Gränserna mellan manliga och kvinnliga kunskapsområden i bondesamhället var mer flytande än vi ofta föreställer oss idag. Vad kvinnor kunde och fick göra varierade i olika epoker, bygder och samhällsklasser. Orvar Löfgren analyserar här kvinnoarbetets innehåll och betydelse. Han beskriver ett mönster där kvinnors kunskap kommit att undervärderas och idag även undermineras i takt med den teknologiska utvecklingen.
Feministteologins invändningar mot bilden av Gud Fader
Authors: Halkes Catharina
Published: June 2022

Bilden av Gud Fader är en utmaning för feministteologer. Här diskuteras innehållet i och invändningarna mot denna bild. En central aspekt är det uppenbara sambandet mellan Gud som Fader och samhällets patriarkala struktur.
Teoretiska diskussioner inom kvinnolitteraturforskningen
Authors: Domellöf Gunilla
Published: June 2022

Inom. kvinnolitteraturforskning domineras den teoretiska diskussionen ä ena sidan av en amerikansk kritisktsociologiskt orienterad strömning och å andra sidan av en fransk, lingvistiskt och textteoretiskt inspirerad. Gunilla Domellöf beskriver de båda teoritraditionerna och ser deras möte som fruktbart för en vidareutveckling av den feministiska litteraturteorin.
En kvinnlig berättelsetradition
Authors: Larsson Lisbeth
Published: June 2022

I samklang med den borgerliga romanens framväxt har en kvinnlig berättelsetradition skapats. Det främsta mediet för denna har under knappt hundra är varit veckopressen. Utvecklingen av innehället i veckopressfiktionen står i motsättning till samhällsutvecklingen. Medan kvinnans kompetens ökat i samhället framstår kvinnan i fiktionen som allt mindre kapabel på allt färre områden.
Dynamiken mellan mor och dotter i skandinaviska folksagor
Authors: Lundell Torborg
Published: June 2022

Den elaka styvmodern är en ofta förekommande kvinnogestalt i sagor. Genom att analysera några skandinaviska folksagor visar Torborg Lundeli hur styvmodersgestalten fyller en viktig psykologisk funktion som personifikation av den Onda Modern och hur detta flätas samman med och blir uttryck för dotterns ambivalens inför att själv bli moder.
Kvinnoperspektiv på naturvetenskaplig utbildning
Authors: Benckert Sylvia , Staberg Else-Marie
Published: June 2022

De flesta naturvetare är och har varit män. Sylvia Benckert och Else-Marie Staberg analyserar i denna artikel de hinder som möter kvinnor som genomgår naturvetenskaplig utbildning. Framför allt diskuterer de hur utbildningen skall kunna förändras så att den tilltalar kvinnor och gör det möjligt att utveckla en annorlunda naturvetenskap.
Feminism och vetenskap
Authors: Fox Keller Evelyn
Published: June 2022

Evelyn Fox Keller resonerar här kring den vetenskapskritik som under senare år utvecklats bland feministiska forskare. Den mest givande kritiken finner hon hos de forskare som ifrågasätter de antaganden om objektivitet och rationalitet som är centrala inom naturvetenskapen. Men samtidigt varnar hon för att göra vetenskapen till ren ideologi och tömma objektivitetsbegreppet på all mening.
Kvinnorörelsens påverkan på lokal politik
Authors: Hedlund-Ruth Gun
Published: June 2022

Har kvinnliga politiker tagit intryck av den nya kvinnorörelsens budskap? Gun Hedlund-Ruth har studerat kvinnliga kommunalpolitiker i Örebro och hon visar att speciellt bland de yngre kvinnorna där, finns idag en ny militans och en ny medvetenhet om kvinnoförtrycket.
Den normala onormala kvinnan
Authors: Lützen Karin
Published: June 2022

Denna artikel är en starkt förkortad version av Karin Liitzens magisterföreläsning som hölls vid Institut for Nordisk Folkemindevidenskab vid Kebenhavns Universitet i juni 1985. Det förelagda ämnet var "En helt normal kvinna".
Structural and geotechnical review of piers on foundations with pile integrity uncertainties
Authors: Gomez Roberto , Escobar Alberto , Cecilio Victor , Mendoza Marco , Guerrero Hector
Published: June 2022

Currently, an Inter Urban Train project is under construction in Mexico. Given the magnitude and importance of this work, quality control is an indispensable requirement; therefore, it is necessary to meticulously review conditions that could put at risk its structural and operational safety, as well as the entire infrastructure of the project. In this sense, a campaign of Pile Integrity Tests (PIT), was carried out to verify the condition of foundation piles. According to the results of PIT tests, provided to the authors by the company in charge of these tasks, 40 foundation piles with classification D or "doubtful" were detected, corresponding to 39 supports. Due to the possible "anomalies" of the foundation piles, detected by PIT tests, the structural and geotechnical behaviour of these supports had to be assessed by monitoring its behaviour from the structural and geotechnical points of view. To carry out the above, we performed pseudo-static and dynamic numerical analysis with elastic and inelastic mathematical models. Also, ambient field vibration studies in the supports were carried out with the aim of determining their dynamic characteristics and calibrate the mathematical models.
Replacement of an old steel railway overpass without traffic interruption
Authors: Nikolov Peter
Published: June 2022

As part of the Reconstruction and Modernisation of Road I-8 Project in Bulgaria, demolition of an existing single-track steel railway overpass with a span of about 46.5 m and its replacement with a double track bridge designed in accordance with the Eurocodes is planned. As the road and railway traffic cannot be interrupted, it is necessary to temporarily shift the railway line and build a new temporary railway bridge, as well as to change the route of the I-8 in the construction site several times. The report presents information about the different stages of construction: construction and testing of the temporary bridge, removal of the existing steel bridge weighing about 180 tons and construction of the new bridge facility.
Effect of geometric road characteristics on deceleration rate in transition from tangent to horizontal curve for two-lane rural roads
Authors: Maljković Biljana , Cvitanić Dražen , Radić Tomislav
Published: June 2022

Evaluation of geometric design consistency presents an important safety aspect in road design. The most commonly used consistency criteria are based on defining operating speed variations along the road segment, usually by depicting operating speed profiles. Many models have been developed worldwide to predict operating speed on curves and tangents. However, it is not possible to create a continuous operating speed profile if transition acceleration and deceleration rates are not defined. Under this scope, this paper presents a study of the deceleration phenomenon based on speeds continuously measured on a segment of a two-lane state road by using a GPS device. Dependence of driver behaviour in tangent to curve transition on geometric characteristics of the road was analysed. The regression analyses show that the deceleration rate is only affected by the curve radius. More specifically, higher deceleration rates generally correspond to transitions between independent tangents to sharper curves that represent inconsistent road alignment.
Sharjah bus rapid transit study (BRT)
Authors: Balwan Mohsin , Thakur Anurag , Varghese Thomas , Nadeera Smitha
Published: June 2022

Sharjah Emirate, the second largest Emirate of United Arab Emirates, has conducted a feasibility study for providing a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System. This paper will provide suggestions and considerations made during the formation of the BRT Master Plan network within Sharjah Emirate. Public transit system with the focus on BRT will contribute to the livability of Sharjah to reduce traffic congestion, energy consumption, and automobile emissions. Sustainable modes of transportation by moving away from car usage which has higher energy consumption and emissions are necessary in this developing world. This study aimed to improve accessibility to the major activities centers within Sharjah with an integrated public transport system which will reduce the car usage and will increase the visitors to the activity centers. A BRT System will introduce a reliable mass rapid transit within Sharjah and extending to other Emirates aimed to reduce congestion on the existing roads, provide a sustainable transportation mode and to promote the use of public transport. Based on the study, BRT technology to support the function of a high quality and passenger capacity, fast, comfortable and cost-effective mobility service is identified and suggested for use in Sharjah.
Development of a design catalog for bonded concrete overlays in the regional road network
Authors: Peyer Martin , Eberhardsteiner Lukas , Bayraktarova Kristina , Blab Ronald
Published: June 2022

This paper describes the development of a design catalog for the design of bonded concrete overlays (whitetopping) for existing asphalt roads in the regional road network of Austria. For the underlying calculations of stresses and strains due to traffic loads, different finite-element models with multiple layers were used. Thereby, a large variety of important input parameters were taken into account, such as the condition of the existing pavement, described by its residual bearing capacity. The influence of different climatic conditions over the course of a year to the material properties of the pavement-layers (Young’s moduli) and the bonding properties between the existing asphalt and the new concrete layer were also considered. The calculation of stresses due to temperatur loads (curling stresses) were estimated by using the revised Eisenmann’s model [1]. Based on the determined stresses in the concrete layer due to traffic and temperature loads, a new performance-based design method was used for the implementation of a proper failure criterion and the calculation of the technical service life of the modelled whitetopping pavements. In a further step, the required layer thicknesses of the concrete overlay were determined, depending on the length and the width of the concrete slabs as well as the residual bearing capacity and the remaining thickness of the existing asphalt layers. This allowed the development of different proposed designs for whitetopping-pavements, each with defined layer thicknesses, which were finally summarized into a design catalog. The development of this design catalog and the usage of the proposed pavements will enable a simple but realistic design of whitetopping-overlays on existing asphalt pavements.
Investigations on the influence of mechanical and thermal load on the clamping force of heating rod clamps
Authors: Schladitz Markus , Huter Max , Adam Robert , Schlegel Stephan
Published: June 2022

During wintertime, switch point heating systems are utilized for railway switch points. They are aiming to prevent snow and ice from accumulating between the moveable components of a switch point, and thus, maintain a faultless setting of the switch point. Electrical heating rods are a frequently used application of switch point heating systems. Clamps made of spring steel often realize the mounting of the heating rod to the rail. The clamps are set in a common distance of 30 cm along the rail. Considering a section reaching from the middle of one clamp along the rail to the middle of the consecutive clamp, previous investigations showed that significant higher temperatures occur at the heating rod in the middle of this section than at its ends. This suggests that the heat transfer between heating rod and rail is higher at the clamps than in between. Consequently, there is a correlation between the contact force of heating rod and rail, and the heat transfer. Another assumption is that the presence of mechanical and thermal load can reduce the contact force provided by the clamps over time. In order to evaluate these correlations, new clamps were mechanically loaded by bending and additionally heated to 150 °C or 200 °C. The results show that considering a stress time up to 2000 h the thermal load for itself has no significant influence on the clamping force. The mechanical load, however, can decrease the clamping force by 7 % and the combination of mechanical and thermal load can decrease it by 13 %. This article explains the experimental setup for this investigation and the causes that lead to the reduction of the clamping force.
Measurements of asphalt layer densities concrete in place by nuclear methods - interlaboratory comparison
Authors: Tušar Marjan , Ravnikar Turk Mojca , Ržek Lidija
Published: June 2022

European Standard EN 12697-7:2014 [1] specifies a method for measuring the bulk density of pavement mixtures using a transmission type gamma radiation test bench. The standard contains approximate description of measurement procedure. Procedure is not described in details and there are several unknowns during measuring procedure if only European Standard EN 12697-7:2014 is used. Surprisingly precision data at the end of this standard is giving unrealistic good precision (Repeatability r = 0.007 Mg/m3, Reproducibility R = 0.020 Mg/m3). According to this data it seems that laboratory determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens according to EN 12697-6:2020 [2] is less precise (Repeatability r ≥ 0.017 Mg/m3, Reproducibility R ≥ 0.022 Mg/m3). From laboratory experience it can be claimed that precision data in European Standard EN 12697-7:2014 is unrealistic and not applicable for measurement of density of asphalt pavements. In American standard ASTM D2950/D2950M-14 [3] procedure of measurement is explained more in details and precision data seems realistic (Repeatability r = 0.070 Mg/m3, Reproducibility R = 0.078 Mg/m3). In order to get better insight in these problem two interlaboratory comparisons were performed in Slovenia. First interlaboratory comparison was performed in 2005, where 6 laboratories equipped with Troxler type nuclear devices were included. Calibration of all 6 devices was performed on the same 10 places with known densities. On test section each laboratory performed 30 measurements. When average of all was compared we obtained good precision data with averages variation from 2,323 Mg/m3 to 2,336 Mg/m3. But we must be aware that during real in place measurements each laboratory would select different places for calibration and also for measurement. That would lead to bigger differences between laboratories. Second interlaboratory comparison was performed in 2021 and results are still evaluated.
Characterization of mechanical properties and shrinkage behavior of cold recycled material (CRM) stabilized with different active fillers
Authors: Al-Mohammedawi Ahmed , Mollenhauer Konrad
Published: June 2022

Cold recycled material (CRM) is considered one of the most innovative and green road materials. CRM offers many advantages over the traditional Hot Asphalt Mix (HMA). However, due to the presence of water in its composition, cement is usually incorporated as a co-binder, but it could have a detrimental impact as it can contribute to increasing the drying shrinkage, which in turn can lead to brittle behavior when it is subjected to high strain load cycles. This research paper presents a study on the mechanical properties and shrinkage behavior of CRM stabilized with different active fillers. To address this issue, cylindrical and prism specimens of CRM mixtures and their mortar were prepared respectively. Indirect tensile strength (dry and wet) and water loss over time were conducted on mixture specimens while drying shrinkage measurements tests were performed on a mortar scale. Results show that CRM mix/mortar with ET filler exhibited superior drying shrinkage characteristics along with comparable mechanical properties compared with the cement stabilized mixture.
Fast detection of PAH in reclaimed asphalt using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy
Authors: Wetekam Jens , Mollenhauer Konrad
Published: June 2022

The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in reclaimed asphalt (RA) is a problem for its recycling. Due to its carcinogenic compounds, which are released by vapors when heated, asphalt material with high PAH content is not recyclable in warm, or hot mix asphalt. For recycling purpose it is necessary to check the content of PAH in reclaimed asphalt. To determine this content time-consuming and costly investigations like thin layer chromatography or high-performance-liquid-chromatography are usually applied. In order to identify an alternative method for PAH detection, 56 PAH-contaminated asphalt granulate samples with various PAH contents were measured via FTIR-ATR spectroscopy on recovered binders from the RA samples. Therefore, a cold recovery method was applied using toluene which allows to quickly recover the required small amount of binder. Additionally, the 16 PAH-EPA according to the list, which was compiled by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and classified as priority environmental pollutants, were measured by FTIR-ATR to compare them to the spectra of PAH-contaminated reclaimed asphalt. To evaluate the IR-spectra, the peak areas, peak area ratios and peak height for different spectral areas in the range from 700 cm-1 to 1200 cm-1 were examined which made it possible to calculate index values, representing the proportion of PAH compounds.
Rehabilitation of an accident spot with Human Factors
Authors: Birth Sibylle , Boh Žiga , Krajnc Samo , Kukovič Jure
Published: June 2022

The Ocizla roundabout was built in the first quarter of 2021 of prefabricated elements. Due to inadequate placement of the roundabout, traffic accidents began to occur in which motorcyclists were predominantly involved. When driving towards the Ocizla roundabout, drivers are not able to keep the lane. Instead of following a slight right curve to enter the roundabout they drive straight ahead until entering the opposite lane or crash on the curb stone of the roundabout. The accident data and the results for traffic monitoring give strong evidence that the cause of the accidents cannot be technically explained. It is rather a question of Human Factors of space perception that has to be investigated to solve the problem. A traffic monitoring between 6th and 8th October 2021 with a representative sample of 156 vehicle was conducted. We detected 23% of vehicles that run near to the centreline or even crossed it. The Human Factor Evaluation Tool (PIARC) showed a high Human Factors Risk Score. According to that only 32% of drivers demands were met. Consequently, Human Factors countermeasures have been planned and implemented. A first evaluation showed a significant improvement of the Human Factors Score: 76% of drivers demands are fulfilled after implementation of countermeasures. This is a very good result – achieved only by low-cost optical measures without substantial building changes of the Oriza roundabout. The rehabilitation of an accident site with Human Factors is an effective way if accidents are not caused by technical issues but by wrong orientation, perception or even wrong expectations regarding the situation. It allows a pro-active approach to road safety.
Evaluation of training data quality for deep learning-based damage detection
Authors: Fukuoka Tomotaka , Yoshikura Mai , Fujiu Makoto
Published: June 2022

A bridge inspection needs a lot of costs. It causes a lack of engineers and budget. So, some local governments couldn’t complete the bridge’s aggressive preventive maintenance in Japan. Recently, deep learning-based damage detection methods have been studied by many researchers to reduce the cost of the bridge’s aggressive preventive maintenance. This kind of method could detect the damage to the bridge by photo image with a detection model which has been trained with a large training dataset. In contrast to the increase in dataset size, the effectiveness of the quality of training data is not discussed enough. In this paper, the ratio of negative samples in the training data is regarded as the quality of training data. In this study, we targeted the automatic detection process of the rebar exposure and the peeling on the surface of bridges. The effects of the ratio of the negative example data in a training dataset have been evaluated. In this study, the negative sample means the annotated data with no target damage. The negative sample image is the part of a bridge but does not include target damages. Many previous studies generate this kind of image when generating annotation data from real bridge photo images, but do not utilize it. A three-fold cross-validation method has been adopted to keep the robustness of the detection. The seven different detection models have trained with seven different training dataset which has different negative sample ratios. As a result of comparing the detection results of each model, the influence of the negative example data on the training data was confirmed. There was a peak of the recall curve in the middle of increasing the negative sample ratios. The correct negative sample ratio could improve the accuracy of damage detection.
Integrating roughness data to assess greenhouse gas emissions within pavement management decision-making
Authors: Plati Christina , Pomoni Maria , Drainakis Andreas , Loizos Andreas
Published: June 2022

Green-House Gases (GHGs) are emitted into the atmosphere in significant amounts produced mainly by human sources and activities. Globally, the road transport sector is a significant source of GHGs and particularly of CO2 emissions. Transport sector includes pavements and pavement roughness is a factor that directly affects fuel consumption and consequently has a significant impact on vehicle emissions. Many studies have attempted to define the connection between pavement roughness in terms of International Roughness Index (IRI) and fuel consumption, under the scope of pavement sustainability. However, the requirements of multiple parameters and extensive data processing have raised the need for solid and simplified approaches in practice. As such, the objective of the current study is to incorporate the assessment of vehicle emissions into pavement management processes by formulating a simple and credible relationship between vehicle GHGs and pavement roughness. Analysed data comes from multiple segments of two interurban controlled-access highways with different pavement condition. Several combinations of vehicle and fuel type suggest the development of concise formulas to estimate equivalent CO2 emissions based on IRI measurements. Verification and validation of the developed formulas was applied via appropriate statistical techniques.
FE modelling and geometric parametrisation of SKL-type elastic clips
Authors: Baniček Maja , Uroš Mario , Lakušić Stjepan
Published: June 2022

The primary function of rail fastening clips is to ensure sufficient clamping force by which the fastening system resists movements of the rail within its fixing place under all loading conditions. Since the clamping force at the rail foot is achieved by the deformation of the elastic clip, the stiffness of the clip and thus the magnitude of the clamping force depend on the material properties and geometry of the clip and are essential factors affecting the complex mechanical behaviour of the fastening system. In this paper, to conduct a parametric study of the clips, a visual script for SKL clip geometrical parametrisation has been developed using Grasshopper3D, an add-on for Rhino3D. The CAD model obtained in this way can be easily imported into Abaqus, where Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can be performed on the geometrically parametrised clip model, providing a good insight into the change of clip stiffness.
The impact of wildlife on railway track
Authors: Živković Slavko , Barac Ivan , Živković Patricia , Pećina Ivan , Brckan Bruno
Published: June 2022

The problem of track maintenance as a condition for the quality of railway transport in terms of comfort and speed of traffic has encouraged the modernization of railways. With modernization an important part of the process of managing the railway network is the timely identification of priority areas for maintenance and reconstruction – the so-called hot spot area. Damage to the embankment of railway structure is caused by the settlement of the railway track. Suddenly climate change leads to an increased frequency of deformations and is the most common cause of track instability. In addition to causing an increased risk to traffic safety, they can also cause serious disruptions to traffic networks. The papers present the influence of animals on deformations and damage of railway structures, primarily embankments, and the possible influence on the behaviour of track construction. The phenomenon was noticed at the end of 2020 on the railway line M104 Novska – Tovarnik – State border. As a part of the observed impacts of wild animals, continuous measurements of track subsidence at selected measuring points were carried out, and geotechnical investigation works were performed with the aim of processing and analysing the measured data and preparing a remediation project.
Analysis of the capacity and level of service for urban intersection
Authors: Nedevska Ivona , Ristov Riste , Zafirovski Zlatko , Ognjenovic Slobodan , Gacevski Vasko
Published: June 2022

The augmentation of motorization level leads us to the need for mobility and demands better infrastructure, in urban and suburban areas. The complexity of this problem is especially notable in urban areas where the space delimitations, functional characteristics and different transportation must be considered. The intersection between Partizanska street and Boris Krajger street, in Shtip, has been analysed with the methodology for capacity and level of service, according to international software and manuals. Both streets are with one lane per direction, and lately it is very frequent intersections in Shtip. Number of vehicles is determined by measuring the traffic, and those inputs are used to analyse three solutions: the current solution (unsignalized intersection), four legged intersection and roundabout both with boulevard profile for the main corridor and two way street for the secondary corridor. Calculations are based on custom measurements within a week.
Sustainable urban mobility plans for smaller communities
Authors: Miklič Katja , Pretnar Gregor , Nose Matija , Trošt David
Published: June 2022

Sustainable urban mobility plans are widely considered to be one of the most important and effective tools for transforming urban infrastructure from car-oriented to more inclusive, non-motorised modes and public transportation. As the name suggests, it was developed primarily for urban areas (larger cities), but the methodology itself can be useful for smaller communities and settlements as well. Southeastern Europe is typically a less densely populated area with few large cities compared to other parts of Europe. In the last 5 years, about 100 municipalities in Slovenia have developed and adopted their own SUMPs, many of them with a population of less than 10,000 or even 5,000 inhabitants. Experience shows that a transport strategy for smaller municipalities brings many benefits, but the measures need to be adapted to their size. The focus is on demand responsive transport instead of public transport, sharrow space instead of pedestrian zones, safe access to school instead of cycle paths, synergy of commuter and tourist traffic... Updated methodology for smaller cities, settlements was also reflected in the updated national guideline that include cost-efficient and budget-friendly analysis tools (manual counts, online survey, smaller stakeholder groups etc.). The article describes the adapted methodology, practical examples of goals and measures and conclusion with suggestions for further work.
Project of a platform-container for intermodal transport
Authors: Krason Wieslaw , Slawinski Grzegorz
Published: June 2022

The object of research is a cheap, easy-to-build basic module and multi-platform sets, obtained by combining basic modules with dimensions corresponding to typical railway containers: 10' (with a length of up to 3m), 20' (length of up to 6m), 30' (length of up to 9m). Such structures can be used to support the intermodal rail-road transport of wooden and metal logs. Such a structure with various longitudinal dimensions ensures high mobility resulting from the modular structure and the possibility of selecting transport configurations as well as the use of various forms of loading / unloading, including: typical crane operations, the use of forklifts or hook winches. The use of a platform-container will eliminate the need to repeat the operation of individual loading or unloading of each unit of the transported load (e.g. a single block of wood, a bundle of bars, as a metal log, a single pipe, etc.) during each reloading operation (from the place of logging, production, storage, etc.). A single basic module of the platform has the dimensions of a 10' railway container.
Barriers and half-barriers - violation at level crossings: A case study of drivers behaviour in Croatia
Authors: Barić Danijela , Grabušić Silvestar , Kaužljar Dražen
Published: June 2022

This study investigates accidents at active level crossings (LCs) in Croatia (A.1.3., by ERA classification) equipped with barriers or half-barriers and warning automatic devices (light and sound signalling). Statistical data were collected to identify the number of yearly broken barriers and half-barriers, causes, consequences, time, location and spatial distribution of accidents. Only collisions with barriers and half-barriers were analysed. Although active LC protection systems effectively prevent accidents due to road user errors, there are many broken barriers or half barriers at the LCs (378 in 2020, 435 in 2019), which indicate risky driving behaviour of LC users. The results of the analysis show a declining trend. Still, as the high number of barriers or half-barriers at the LCs were in most cases broken just before the train was approaching, for which they were lowered, this could have led to severe accidents. Based on this, we can assume that the most significant focus of accident prevention and improving safety at LCs in the future need to be on human behaviour.
The response of flexible pavement roads to loading frequency
Authors: Karadağ Huseyin , Firat Seyhan
Published: June 2022

Traffic load is one of the main factors that cause permanent deformation in the pavement, which is an important factor specifying road life and serviceability related to traffic safety. In addition to truck axle load level, deformation level in road pavement depends on superstructure materials, subgrade conditions, climate, groundwater conditions, number of load repetitions, and loading frequency. Loading frequency affects both the deformation level in pavement layers and the stress state. In this study, the effect of loading speed (loading frequency) was evaluated by carrying out a finite element analysis of certain flexible road pavement cross-sections under 400 kPa pressure. A triangular load pulse with 400 kPa was loaded on pavement cross-sections with different loading speeds. The analyzed cross-section of flexible road pavement consists of asphalt concrete layer, unbound base, and subbase layers. Subgrade material is the clay layer. For dynamic analyses of road pavement under the repetitive load of different loading speeds, 2D axial symmetric analyses were performed. The Hardening Soil Model with Small Strain Stiffness (HSsmall) soil model was used for modeling unbound granular layers and subgrade soil. Asphalt concrete was modeled with the Mohr-Coulomb material model. The tire contact area was assumed as a square area within 300 mm side length. Loading pulse durations were calculated for different loading speeds. The analyses show that the total vertical deformation for the analyzed section has a minimum value of 90 km/h loading Speed (6.94 Hz). As the loading speed increases or decreases, the total vertical deformation of the cross-section on either side of this point increases. The deformation graph has two local maximum points because of the resonance of the pavement system. These results are consistent with previous studies. Results show that controlling the loading speed will lengthen the road serviceability life by reducing the deformation.
Classification of a flood protection infrastructure based on its vulnerability to various loads
Authors: Bačić Mario , Kovačević Meho Saša , Jurić Kaćunić Danijela , Librić Lovorka , Car Marijan , Gavin Kenneth , Stipanović Irina , Reale Cormac
Published: June 2022

The intensity and frequency of flood events is increasing due to climate change impact and accompanying precipitation extremes. However, the impact of a given flood event depends critically on the resilience of the flood defence system, primarily a network of earth embankments and riverbanks. The paper presents the efforts conducted within the ongoing project oVERFLOw, where advanced methodology for vulnerability assessment of critical infrastructure is designed to identify the weakest link in flood protection network. The methodology utilizes the results of advanced asset condition assessment procedures, while sets of relevant loads cover wide range of possible actions for ultimate limit state. As the main output of vulnerability assessment activities, fragility curves are developed. Based on the vulnerability assessment results, the classification and development of inventory of critical infrastructure follows. The validation of methodology is demonstrated on the network of riverbanks and embankments protecting the city of Karlovac from the influence of Kupa river.
Flood risks to critical infrastructure – case study of city of Karlovac
Authors: Stipanović Irina , Škarić Palić Sandra , Bačić Mario , Kovačević Meho Saša , Gavin Kenneth , Ganić Emir
Published: June 2022

Flooding is a significant threat to human-life, ecosystems, cultural heritage and society in general. A risk-based safety approach is necessary to support decision making and prioritize intervention measures, either during the response or during the prevention stage. As a consequence of flooding, transport infrastructure and flood protection system can be significantly damaged and cause cascading effects on other infrastructure. In this paper a risk assessment model will be presented for determining the direct and indirect impacts of flooding hazards in the case study area of city of Karlovac. The model is using the novel vulnerability assessment methods for embankments and bridges exposed to different flood hazard scenarios. The consequence analysis is using an improved quantification model for direct and indirect impacts of different flood hazard scenarios. These scenarios are then used for flood risk mapping, applied on the case study area.
Innovative geotextile contaminant barriers in infrastructure applications – Environmental protection without surface sealing
Authors: Hasslacher Thomas , Poberezhnyi Victor , Niewerth Stefan
Published: June 2022

Our road and railroad infrastructure contributes to a considerable extent to the sealing of urban areas. Due to the intensive and still growing use of these traffic routes, pollutants, such as microplastics, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and others accumulate on sealed asphalt or concrete surfaces. With each rain event, these contaminants are flushed into the sewer system (present best case) or just enter the surrounding soil and the groundwater untreated (present worst case). Innovative, large-area, permeable contaminant barriers made of geotextiles overcome the concept of piping runoff water and centralized treatment in wastewater treatment plants. By treating the water directly at the source of the contamination, surface sealing and thus interference with natural flow paths are significantly reduced. The groundwater protection measurement is therefore called “passive in-situ treatment” or “passive in-situ decontamination”. Geotextiles mechanically stabilize sorbents such as activated carbon or oil binders in a sandwich fabric. HUESKERs active geocomposites place the sorbents directly where pollutants enter the environment. The use of active geocomposites lead to a highly effective ground protection in which only a barrier against pollutants is build, but not for the carrier medium –the runoff or seepage water. Thus, no further sealing is necessary. The presentation will explain different application for large-scale permeable contaminant barriers in infrastructure based on three case studies: Field trails with filter trenches along roads in Germany, Construction of a filtration basin for road runoff in Finland, Earth structures with contaminated soils – valuable construction material instead of waste.
Mentoring of students and examples of mentoring tasks related to traffic infrastructure
Authors: Dolaček-Alduk Zlata , Šimenić Denis , Stober Dina , Alduk Waldemar
Published: June 2022

Big challenges have been imposed on education sector which should pursue market development dynamics, because of the development aimed at innovations, business process digitalization, planning based on large amount of data analysis, using extended and virtual reality in business, value creating by means of 3D print, industrialization in building elements production. Civil engineering is affected by new topics such as healthy and eco-friendly lifestyle, which is also an obligation of educational institutions as well as employers to provide students with the appropriate support in development of professional competencies which are based on contemporary educational methods such as cooperative learning or learning through work, most often in a shape of a professional practice. For such learning style to be sustainable, it is necessary to strengthen mentoring capacities on faculties, as well as employer’s competencies and competencies of professional practice providers. Additional lifelong learning and professional training are a part of a mentor competence development by means of which students are provided with professional, motivational, and emotional consultation by mentors. Except for the comprehensive support provided throughout professional practice, it is necessary to shape, connect and achieve desirable learning outcomes defined by study programs. Throughout mentoring process, the mentors are enabled with a possibility to revise their own knowledge in practice, as well as to create new values for the employer and business surrounding while interacting with students. Knowledge dissemination and quality of the teaching content are enabled by the cooperation of institutions of higher education and the business community. Further formalization of the relationship between scientific and business community is required by this two-way knowledge acquisition. Research results with respect to mentoring in civil engineering as well as educating mentors and examples of how to shape mentoring tasks in traffic infrastructure will be presented in the paper.
Measuring pavement deflections with sensors: A review
Authors: Rukavina Tatjana , Domitrović Josipa , Bezina Šime , Stančerić Ivica
Published: June 2022

Road pavement is a valuable asset for the development of modern society, the quality of which plays a fundamental role in the safety, economy, and sustainability of the free movement of people and goods. The assessment of road pavement condition and their evolution with time is a crucial component for planning and implementing appropriate maintenance and rehabilitation activities to maintain pavement specified minimum quality requirements. Pavement deflections measurements can be used as a quick and easy method for non-destructive determination of the structural capacity of existing pavement and evaluation of its ability to withstand future traffic loads. Pavement deflections are usually measured with Benkelman Beams, Le Croix-type deflectographs or Falling Weight Deflectometer. In the last decades, an alternative deflection measuring solution, via deflection, velocity and acceleration measuring sensors embedded in the pavement has attracted more and more attention. Integration of sensors in the road pavement allows the assessment of the complete history of pavement response under real traffic, starting from sensor installation. This paper will provide an overview of the sensors most commonly used for measuring deflections, linear variable differential transformers, geophones and accelerometers.
Influence of granite aggregate on longitudinal splitting in prestressed concrete members
Authors: Savic Adrijana , Peterman Robert
Published: June 2022

The experimental tests which were performed in this paper evaluate the effect of the concrete mixture using granite as aggregate on the longitudinal splitting behavior in prestressed concrete members. Three prisms having different edge distances were cast concurrently having different release strengths of concrete 4500-psi (31-MPa) and 6000-psi (41M-Pa). Furthermore, four different wires type were used in these experiments to evaluate the influence of all variables on the bond between steel and concrete which is highly important for transferring the stresses between the two materials.
Developer agreement – the beginning of the period for finding defects in a flat, a single-family house and land
Authors: Tomczak Tomasz
Published: June 2022

The article considers the issue what moment/moments shall be deemed as the beginning of the period for finding defects in two objects obtained und the developer agreement, i.e., a flat/a single-family house (1) and land, on which the single-family house/building in which the apartment is located is erected (2). The above-mentioned issue has already been commented on by the doctrine, but only in relation to the building. Thus, this study supplements the above-mentioned considerations.
DWELLING AND LIVING IN THE IGS UNEMPLOYED MEMORIALS –
THE DECADE OF TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Cesarski Maciej
Published: June 2022

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Lightweight particleboards - manufacturing modification using a blowing agent from the group of bicarbonates
Authors: Bednarczyk Dominika , Boruszewski Piotr
Published: June 2022

Lightweight particleboards - manufacturing modification using a blowing agent from the group of bicarbonates. Although the low-density particleboards have grown in popularity, due to their facilitated transportation and a lower mass in the assembled finished products, there is still certain constraints in their use caused by limited mechanical properties. These obstacles may be overcome by the mechanism of foaming the polymers that bind wood particles in the boards’ structure. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using sodium bicarbonate as a blowing agent of phenolic resin used for bonding wood particles in the technology of lightweight particleboards. It was found that the addition of sodium bicarbonate in the amount of 5% in relation to the dry weight of the phenolic resin significantly increase the internal bond strength of the manufactured particleboards.
Racism in Australia: Filling Data Gaps
Authors: Ben Jehonathan , Elias Ammanuel , Truong Mandy , Mansouri Fethi , Denson Nida , Paradies Yin
Published: June 2022

This paper points to a number of areas where racism data remain under-collected, including gaps that should be filled as a matter of urgency in the context of COVID-19. Jehonathan Ben, Amanuel Elias, Mandy Truong, Fethi Mansouri, Nida Denson, Yin Paradies