bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oregano essential oil improves piglet health and performance through maternal feeding and is associated with changes in the gut microbiota
Authors: Hall H. N. , Wilkinson D. J. , Le Bon M.
Published: January 2021

Background

With a growing demand for safe and sustainable alternatives to antimicrobials, functional feed ingredients such as plant essential oils have been evaluated for their potential to improve gut health. Amongst these, oregano essential oil (OEO) with the main active compounds carvacrol and thymol has been reported to have antimicrobial and antioxidative properties resulting in improved intestinal barrier function and growth in pigs and poultry. However, its impact on the gut microbiota still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an oregano essential oil phytobiotic on sow and piglet performance and faecal microbiota.

Results

Piglets from OEO supplemented sows were significantly heavier at one week of age and showed a trend for improved average daily weight gain from birth to weaning. Post-weaning, maternally supplemented piglets were numerically heavier at 10 weeks post-weaning and at slaughter with a reduced variability in bodyweight. Health records showed that piglets in the OEO supplemented litters had significantly reduced incidence of therapeutic treatment and reduced mortality. In both sows and piglets, the structure and composition of the faecal microbiota varied considerably over time. Sows supplemented with OEO during lactation showed an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae family. In addition, there was an increase in the relative abundance of families known to be important in fibre digestion (Fibrobacteriaceae and Akkermansiaceae). Analysis of piglet microbiota at two weeks and four weeks of age revealed a relative decrease in Enterobacteriaceae while butyrate producers (Lachnospiraceae family) were increased at both timepoints.

Conclusion

We hypothesise that the effects observed from this study were exerted through modulation of the gut microbial communities in the sow and her offspring through maternal microbial transfer. Understanding the link between the gut microbiota and dietary factors represents a keystone to improving health and performance for sustainable pig production. Reducing antimicrobial usage can help to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which is a global focus for animal production.
Potential Transcriptional Biomarkers to Guide Glucocorticoid Replacement in Autoimmune Addison’s Disease
Authors: Sævik Åse Bjorvatn , Wolff Anette B , Björnsdottir Sigridur , Simunkova Katerina , Hynne Martha Schei , Dolan David William Peter , Bratland Eirik , Knappskog Per M , Methlie Paal , Carlsen Siri , Isaksson Magnus , Bensing Sophie , Kämpe Olle , Husebye Eystein S , Løvås Kristian , Øksnes Marianne
Published: January 2021

Background

No reliable biomarkers exist to guide glucocorticoid (GC) replacement treatment in autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD), leading to overtreatment with alarming and persistent side effects or undertreatment, which could be fatal.

Objective

To explore changes in gene expression following different GC replacement doses as a means of identifying candidate transcriptional biomarkers to guide GC replacement in AAD.

Methods

Step 1: Global microarray expression analysis on RNA from whole blood before and after intravenous infusion of 100 mg hydrocortisone (HC) in 10 patients with AAD. In 3 of the most highly upregulated genes, we performed real-time PCR (rt-PCR) to compare gene expression levels before and 3, 4, and 6 hours after the HC infusion. Step 2: Rt-PCR to compare expression levels of 93 GC-regulated genes in normal versus very low morning cortisol levels in 27 patients with AAD.

Results

Step 1: Two hours after infusion of 100 mg HC, there was a marked increase in FKBP5, MMP9, and DSIPI expression levels. MMP9 and DSIPI expression levels correlated with serum cortisol. Step 2: Expression levels of CEBPB, DDIT4, FKBP5, DSIPI, and VDR were increased and levels of ADARB1, ARIDB5, and POU2F1 decreased in normal versus very low morning cortisol. Normal serum cortisol levels positively correlated with DSIPI, DDIT4, and FKBP5 expression.

Conclusions

We introduce gene expression as a novel approach to guide GC replacement in AAD. We suggest that gene expression of DSIPI, DDIT4, and FKBP5 are particularly promising candidate biomarkers of GC replacement, followed by MMP9, CEBPB, VDR, ADARB1, ARID5B, and POU2F1.
Let there Be Light (Or, In Defense of Darkness)
Authors: Badami Nandita
Published: January 2021

Drawing links between solar philanthrocapitalism and the concept of light as knowledge, this article cautions against the regressive epistemics we might unintentionally reinforce through the fetishization of rationality as a measure of the success of a solar intervention. In its place, it suggests solarities that delink the expectation of development from the commitment to improve energy access—that is, an epistemics through which we might let access to light be an end in itself. The article concludes by outlining “endarkenment” as an alternative register for theorizing solar as an energy form.
Impasse Time
Authors: Simpson Mark , Szeman Imre
Published: January 2021

Although energy transition—a shift from dirty energy to cleaner, renewable energy—has become a mantra for an effective way of addressing climate change, energy impasse—the incapacity of any transition whatsoever—is actually the defining condition of our age. This essay contributes to a fuller understanding of energy transition, climate change, and the promise of renewable energy by examining the specific temporality of energy impasse. Rather than a simple blockage that can easily be nudged aside, energy impasse is underwritten by a temporal “stuckness” that is a key effect of two centuries of fossil fuel energy use. The specific characteristics of this distinct temporal mode are explored in relation to the twentieth-century project of economic futurity historicized by Timothy Mitchell and two recent versions of sustainable futurity theorized by Allan Stoekl. The time signatures named and explained in these examples of futurity serve, in distinct but complementary ways, to enable and perpetuate the stuckness of energy impasse. The essay’s argument illuminates the abiding challenge posed by petroculture, while considering the implications of impasse time for the form of solar futurity here termed the solar fix.
Cold Sun • Hot Planet
Authors: Boetzkes Amanda
Published: January 2021

This article considers how Georges Bataille’s account of solarity informs a planetary perspective. Bataille is credited with formulating a critical analysis of “solar societies” whose economies are shaped by the exchange of solar energy. However, a sometimes understated facet of Bataille’s reading of solarity is the way he positions living beings at the axis of the sun and the earth, and in the midst of elemental forces such as cold, heat, light, and darkness. Bataille deploys these elemental forces in his writing in order to disfigure the restricted economy of capitalism and its bourgeois subjects. Rather than considering it as a social or subjective predilection, this article emphasizes solarity as a critical form and disorganizing force. This article addresses Bataille’s elemental aesthetics and his positioning of the subject as both a capitalist predator that accumulates solar energy, and a speculative subject, a being who is preyed upon by its own accumulation of energy and that is ultimately disfigured and expended by it. I argue that solarity arises in Bataille’s writing as an aesthetic operation per se. He invokes a mythological language to dismantle the scientific and philosophical tradition of the Enlightenment. Solarity is therefore the antithesis of Enlightenment thinking and values: it entails the invocation of mythic force in order to dramatize earthly elements and their anarchical energy exchange. I connect Bataille’s mythic language to recent theorizations of planetarity and political ecology, from Gayatri Spivak, to Isabel Stengers, Bruno Latour, and Donna Haraway. I emphasize how his aesthetic maneuvers disfigure the restricted economy of concepts that accompanies the resourcing of the earth.
A comparison of ketamine-midazolam combination and propofol-fentanyl combination on procedure comfort and recovery process in pediatric colonoscopy procedures
Authors: Saylan Sedat , Akbulut Ulas Emre
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of midazolam-ketamine combination versus fentanyl-propofol combination in pediatric diagnostic colonoscopy.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 68 children undergoing diagnostic gastroenterology with midazolam-ketamine combination (Group-K) or with fentanyl-propofol combination (Group-P) in the pediatric gastroentology department at a Turkish tertiary hospital between January 2015 and June 2017. An intravenous midazolam was administered one minute before ketamine administration in Group K. Intravenous fentanyl was given to Group P, followed by intravenous propofol.

Results: There were statistically no significant differences between the groups as for age, gender, weight, duration of colonoscopy and complications observed during procedure. Ramsay sedation score was significantly higher in Group K. Recovery time and the rate of complications during the recovery of Group-K (23 patients, 65.7%) was significantly higher than that of Group P (8 patients, 24.2%) (p = 0.001).

Conclusions: Colonoscopy procedures can be quite comfortable in children when using the midazolam-ketamine combination. However, adverse effects related to ketamine were observed during recovery.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2787

How to cite this:Saylan S, Akbulut UE. A comparison of ketamine-midazolam combination and propofol-fentanyl combination on procedure comfort and recovery process in pediatric colonoscopy procedures. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):483-488. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2787

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Assessment of DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners
Authors: Ullah Irfan , Zahid Muhammad , Jawad Muhammad , Arsh Aatik
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess the DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted in Karak, Pakistan from March to October 2019. A total of 240 individuals participated in the study with an age range between 17 to 55 years. Among the total sample, 60 participants had exposure to traffic pollution while 60 were mine workers. Two control groups, consisting of 60 individuals each, were also recruited for comparison with the two exposure groups. Comet assay protocols were performed for assessing DNA damage and oxidative stress (length of DNA tail, levels of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione (GSH)). Data was analyzed using T-test on statistix 9.0 software.

Results: The DNA tail length in traffic conductors ranged from 26.83-30.55µm (Mean=28.69 µm while their control group had DNA tail length of 7.98-9.26µm (Mean= 8.62). There was significant difference (P <0.001) between exposure and control group. The DNA length recorded in coal mine workers and their control group was ranged from 29.06-31.26µm (Mean=30.16µm) and 9.42-10.22µm (Mean=9.82), respectively. There was significant difference (P <0.001) between the two groups. As compared to control groups, both exposure groups have high levels of Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde and low levels of Glutathione. The finding was statistically significant (P <0.001).

Conclusion: Increased inhalational exposure to air pollutants via working in traffic or coal mines can impose higher oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers as compared to the general population.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2848

How to cite this:Ullah I, Zahid M, Jawad M, Arsh A. Assessment of DNA damage and oxidative stress among traffic conductors and coal miners. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):499-502. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2848

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Eczema Herpeticum in children with burns
Authors: Naumeri Fatima , Rijal Sushil , Rashid Abdul Rehman , Ahmad Hafiz Mahmood
Published: January 2021

Background & Objective: Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a disseminated viral infection occurring in pre-existing skin conditions and burns. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency, treatment, and outcome of EH in pediatric burn patients.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the pediatric surgery department, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from October 2015 to July 2018 after ethical approval. All pediatric burn patients diagnosed with EH and not sensitive to Acyclovir or suffering from chemical burns were enrolled in the study. Diagnosis was confirmed by presence of umbilicated lesions in burnt area and a positive Tzanck smear. Intravenous acyclovir and supportive treatment was started. Mortality, development of contractures, length of hospital stay/ time for wound healing, re-activation of EH was calculated.

Results: Out of 3958 admitted pediatric burn patients, 94(2.4%) developed EH. Girls were 58(61.7%) and boys were 36(38.3%). Mean age was 5.16 ±2.88 years. Scald burn was in 43(45.7%) patients, flame burn in 48(51.1%) patients, and electric flash burn in 3(3.2%) patients. Mean TBSA was 21.74±10.38%. Vesicular eruptions settled in 92 (97.9%) patients after treatment with acyclovir. Mean duration of treatment was 19.89±8.9 days and hospital stay was 29.84±16.98 days. Twenty three patients (24.5%) developed contractures and two patients (2.1%) developed disseminated EH and expired. Six (6.4%) patients had re-activation of EH.

Conclusion: EH occurred in 2.4% of admitted pediatric burn patients. Intravenous acyclovir was successful in 97.9% of the patients, although 2.1% developed disseminated EH and expired. Re-activation occurred in 6.4% of the cases and was associated with prolonged hospital stay.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3642

How to cite this:Naumeri F, Rijal S, Rashid AR, Ahmad HM. Eczema Herpeticum in children with burns. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):421-425.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3642

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Results of stemless shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Willems Joost I.P. , Hoffmann Jim , Sierevelt Inger N. , van den Bekerom Michel P.J. , Alta Tjarco D.W. , van Noort Arthur
Published: January 2021

Stemless shoulder arthroplasty relies solely on cementless metaphyseal fixation and is designed to avoid stem-related problem such as intraoperative fractures, loosening, stress shielding or stress-risers for periprosthetic fractures. Many designs are currently on the market, although only six anatomic and two reverse arthroplasty designs have results published with a minimum of two-year follow-up. Compared to stemmed designs, clinical outcome is equally good using stemless designs in the short and medium-term follow-up, which is also the case for overall complication and revision rates. Intraoperative fracture rate is lower in stemless compared to stemmed designs, most likely due to the absence of intramedullary preparation and of the implantation of a stem. Radiologic abnormalities around the humeral implant are less frequent compared to stemmed implants, possibly related to the closer resemblance to native anatomy. Between stemless implants, several significant differences were found in terms of clinical outcome, complication and revision rates, although the level of evidence is low with high study heterogeneity; therefore, firm conclusions could not be drawn. There is a need for well-designed long-term randomized trials with sufficient power in order to assess the superiority of stemless over conventional arthroplasty, and of one design over another.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:35-49. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200067
Eliminating unbalanced defocus blur with a binocular linkage network
Authors: Li Yunpeng , Ge Baozhen , Tian Qingguo , Quan Jianing , Chen Lei
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we address the issue of the unbalanced defocus blur problem in stereo vision by a deblurring binocular linkage network. A similarity-enhanced loss function, which regularizes the difference between the output images by disparity warping, is proposed for the left-right sharpness consistency of the outputs. A high match rate is obtained. We test our methods on both synthetic and real data. The experimental results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art single and stereo deblurring methods for high accuracy in stereo matching, which is very helpful for long-distance stereo vision measurement.
Silicon-photonics multi-wavelength common-gain tunable laser providing both source and pump for an amplified transceiver
Authors: Doerr Christopher R. , Huang Xue , Qin Chuan , Heanue John , Zhu Ninghui , Ton Dinh , Guan Binbin
Published: January 2021

We propose and demonstrate a silicon-photonics-based laser that outputs multiple independently tunable wavelengths using a single InP gain element. We use it to generate a C-band tunable source for a coherent transceiver and simultaneously a 1480-nm source to pump an Er-doped fiber amplifier on the transmitter output.
Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 and Aurora Kinase choreograph mitotic storage and redistribution of a growth factor receptor
Authors: Cota Christina D. , Dreier Matthew S. , Colgan William , Cha Anna , Sia Twan , Davidson Brad
Published: January 2021

Endosomal trafficking of receptors and associated proteins plays a critical role in signal processing. Until recently, it was thought that trafficking was shut down during cell division. Thus, remarkably, the regulation of trafficking during division remains poorly characterized. Here we delineate the role of mitotic kinases in receptor trafficking during asymmetric division. Targeted perturbations reveal that Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) and Aurora Kinase promote storage of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) by suppressing endosomal degradation and recycling pathways. As cells progress through metaphase, loss of CDK1 activity permits differential degradation and targeted recycling of stored receptors, leading to asymmetric induction. Mitotic receptor storage, as delineated in this study, may facilitate rapid reestablishment of signaling competence in nascent daughter cells. However, mutations that limit or enhance the release of stored signaling components could alter daughter cell fate or behavior thereby promoting oncogenesis.
Overlaid positive and negative feedback loops shape dynamical properties of PhoPQ two-component system
Authors: Rao Satyajit D , Igoshin Oleg A
Published: January 2021

Bacteria use two-component systems (TCSs) to sense environmental conditions and change gene expression in response to those conditions. To amplify cellular responses, many bacterial TCSs are under positive feedback control, i.e. increase their expression when activated. Escherichia coli Mg2+ -sensing TCS, PhoPQ, in addition to the positive feedback, includes a negative feedback loop via the upregulation of the MgrB protein that inhibits PhoQ. How the interplay of these feedback loops shapes steady-state and dynamical responses of PhoPQ TCS to change in Mg2+ remains poorly understood. In particular, how the presence of MgrB feedback affects the robustness of PhoPQ response to overexpression of TCS is unclear. It is also unclear why the steady-state response to decreasing Mg2+ is biphasic, i.e. plateaus over a range of Mg2+ concentrations, and then increases again at growth-limiting Mg2+. In this study, we use mathematical modeling to identify potential mechanisms behind these experimentally observed dynamical properties. The results make experimentally testable predictions for the regime with response robustness and propose a novel explanation of biphasic response constraining the mechanisms for modulation of PhoQ activity by Mg2+ and MgrB. Finally, we show how the interplay of positive and negative feedback loops affects the network’s steady-state sensitivity and response dynamics. In the absence of MgrB feedback, the model predicts oscillations thereby suggesting a general mechanism of oscillatory or pulsatile dynamics in autoregulated TCSs. These results improve the understanding of TCS signaling and other networks with overlaid positive and negative feedback.
Epidemiological, socio-demographic and clinical features of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ecuador
Authors: Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Simbaña-Rivera Katherine , Barreno Lenin Gómez , Diaz Ana Maria , Barreto Alejandra , Moyano Carla , Arcos Vannesa , Vásconez-González Eduardo , Paz Clara , Simbaña-Guaycha Fernanda , Molestina-Luzuriaga Martin , Fernández-Naranjo Raúl , Feijoo Javier , Henriquez-Trujillo Aquiles R. , Adana Lila , López-Cortés Andrés , Fletcher Isabel , Lowe Rachel
Published: January 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly around the globe. Nevertheless, there is limited information describing the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Latin America. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 9,468 confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Ecuador. We calculated overall incidence, mortality, case fatality rates, disability adjusted life years, attack and crude mortality rates, as well as relative risk and relative odds of death, adjusted for age, sex and presence of comorbidities. A total of 9,468 positive COVID-19 cases and 474 deaths were included in the analysis. Men accounted for 55.4% (n = 5, 247) of cases and women for 44.6% (n = 4, 221). We found the presence of comorbidities, being male and older than 65 years were important determinants of mortality. Coastal regions were most affected by COVID-19, with higher mortality rates than the highlands. Fatigue was reported in 53.2% of the patients, followed by headache (43%), dry cough (41.7%), ageusia (37.1%) and anosmia (36.1%). We present an analysis of the burden of COVID-19 in Ecuador. Our findings show that men are at higher risk of dying from COVID-19 than women, and risk increases with age and the presence of comorbidities. We also found that blue-collar workers and the unemployed are at greater risk of dying. These early observations offer clinical insights for the medical community to help improve patient care and for public health officials to strengthen Ecuador’s response to the outbreak.
Study on the coupling relationship between urban resilience and urbanization quality—A case study of 14 cities of Liaoning Province in China
Authors: Gao Yanpeng , Chen Wenjun
Published: January 2021

In this paper, entropy, coupling coordination degree, spatial auto-analysis, LISA time path, and other methods have been used to analyze the coupling coordination degree of urban resilience and urbanization quality of 14 cities in Liaoning Province from 2009 to 2019. The results show that: 1. The number of highly resilient cities accounts for 14.3% of the total number of cities in Liaoning Province, and the overall resilience degree is low; the spatial distribution shrinks along the Shenyang–Dalian Economic Belt toward both sides, with obvious “core-margin” characteristics. 2. The average score of urbanization quality increased from 0.0574 to 0.0966, showing a fluctuating upward trend; the regional difference was significant, and the “dual-core” characteristic was prominent. 3. During the study period, the 14 cities of Liaoning Province were in a state of imbalance, and there was a positive correlation between the coupling degree and the coordination degree. Moran’s I decreased from 0.237 to 0.220 and the spatial agglomeration characteristics also weakened. Further analysis of the spatial and temporal linkage characteristics of the coupling relationship shows that the relative length of LISA time path presents characteristics of protrusion in the central region and shrinkage on the East and West sides, and the curvature presents characteristics that are smaller in the North and larger in the South.
Jadwal Imunisasi Anak Umur 0 – 18 tahun Rekomendasi Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia Tahun 2020
Authors: Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko , Sitaresmi Mei Neni , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki S. , Kartasasmita Cissy B. , Moedjito Ismoedijanto , Rusmil Kusnandi , Siregar Syawitri P. , Munasir Zakiuddin , Prasetyo Dwi , Sarosa Gatot Irawan
Published: January 2021

Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia secara periodik mengkaji rekomendasi jadwal imunisasi untuk menyesuaikan dengan berbagai perkembangan yang terkait dengan jadwal imunisasi di Indonesia. Jadwal imunisasi 2020 ini bertujuan agar dapat digunakan oleh anggota IDAI dalam memenuhi keinginan masyarakat mendapatkan vaksin yang lebih lengkap. Perubahan pada  rekomendasi tahun 2020 adalah pada imunisasi Hepatitis B, IPV, BCG, DTP, Hib, Campak /MR/MMR, JE, Varicella, Hepatitis A dan Dengue.  Jadwal imunisasi lain tidak ada perubahan. Untuk memudahkan dalam melaksanakannya dilampirkan juga tabel jadwal imunisasi tahun 2020. Untuk memahami dasar pertimbangan jadwal imunisasi dan perubahannya perlu mempelajari  uraian di dalam artikel ini dan keterangan dibawah tabel tersebut untuk diterapkan ke dalam layanan imunisasi.
The Return of Nature and Marx's Ecology
Authors: Foster John Bellamy , Pedregal Alejandro
Published: January 2021

In an interview with Alejandro Pedregal, John Bellamy Foster tells us about the paths great ecosocialist thinkers traveled, the most prominent debates in current Marxist ecological thought, and the urgent need for a project that transcends the conditions that threaten the existence of our planet today.
The Elephant in the Room
Authors: Wahl Asbjørn
Published: January 2021

European left parties have, over the last couple of decades, become increasingly critical of political developments in the European Union, particularly as a response to the austerity policies that followed the financial crisis of 2007–08 and the subsequent euro crisis. These were accompanied by high and sustained unemployment and promises of a social pillar that never materialized. Nevertheless, even if criticism of the European Union has sharpened, this has not been well reflected in the political strategies of the left.
The Left and the Class Struggle
Authors: Buhle Paul
Published: January 2021

Both Toni Gilpin's The Long Deep Grudge and Michael Goldfield's The Southern Key offer ample evidence that the grand era of U.S. labor history scholarship is not yet past. The Long Deep Grudge is in equal parts labor history and family reminiscence as Gilpin seeks the fuller story of her father, who played a leadership role in the United Auto Workers union. The Southern Key is in many ways a study of a different variety, but very much of a similarly militant kind. Goldfield, a labor activist veteran himself, draws the big picture of what he sees as the central failure of the U.S. left: the failure to organize the South.
Notes from the Editors, January 2021
Authors: Editors -
Published: January 2021

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We are extremely pleased to announce that John Bellamy Foster, editor of Monthly Review, has won the prestigious Deutscher Memorial Prize for 2020 for his The Return of Nature: Socialism and Ecology.
The Contagion of Capital
Authors: Foster John Bellamy , Jonna R. Jamil , Clark Brett
Published: January 2021

buy this issue

We are extremely pleased to announce that John Bellamy Foster, editor of Monthly Review, has won the prestigious Deutscher Memorial Prize for 2020 for his The Return of Nature: Socialism and Ecology.
Disability and Welfare under Monopoly Capitalism
Authors: Matthews David
Published: January 2021

A historical-materialist analysis of the relationship between disability, the body, welfare, and capitalism is needed in order to further develop a Marxist understanding of disability. In this framework, we can see how the British welfare state, given recent changes to British disability policy, determines who is able-bodied and who is disabled, with this evaluation made in regard to the needs of monopoly capitalism.
Fighting the "Immigrant Threat" Narrative
Authors: Loustaunau Lola
Published: January 2021

Ruth Milkman's latest book is a strong scholarly response to the "immigrant threat" narrative that has been central to U.S. politics in the last decades. In Immigrant Labor and the New Precariat, the distinguished labor and migration scholar has a clear goal: to reframe the conversation about migration and increased inequality in the United States, reversing the causal relation that blames migration for the U.S. working class's current perils.
Wie Kommunen zukunftsfähig investieren können
Authors: Schütt Saskia , Gloger Anne-Marie
Published: January 2021

Divestment (der Abzug von Finanzmitteln aus klimaschädlichen Investitionen) und anschließendes Re-Investment (Umlenkung von Finanzmitteln anhand von Nachhaltigkeitskriterien) sind wichtige Maßnahmen auch auf kommunaler Ebene für ganzheitlichen Klimaschutz und Minderung des Anlagerisikos.
Bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen – ein Schlüssel zur Suffizienz?
Authors: Tröger Josephine , Wullenkord Marlis
Published: January 2021

Die Förderung von nachhaltigen Lebensstilen und ökologischem Konsumverhalten ist ein zentraler Baustein einer an Suffizienz orientierten Gesellschaft der Zukunft. Welche Rolle kann ein bedingungsloses Grundeinkommen für diesen Prozess spielen?
MOTIVATION INFLUENCING DECISION TO LEARN KOREAN LANGUAGE AMONG CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: SORNSUWANNASRI Sayamon
Published: January 2021

This research aims to investigate motivation that influences Chiang Mai University students’ decision to learn the Korean language. A questionnaire is conducted on the students’ motivation behind their decision to learn the Korean language and their expectations for Korean language learning after graduation. Respondents are 102 students studying Korean as elective courses or minor subjects. The results reveal that the type of motivation that has the highest influence over their Korean language learning is self-motivation, and they are also motivated by curriculum and institutes, the ‘Korean Wave’ and the society, defined as social motivation, respectively. Their highest post-graduation expectation for Korean language learning is the ability to converse fluently with Korean people, while the ability to understand Korean songs/dramas/variety programs, the ability to understand Korean society and culture, the ability to get a job using the Korean language, the opportunity to study in South Korea and the opportunity to have new friends are the next highest expectations successively.
Nochmals zum
é ud.1.kam und seiner vermeintlichen Rolle im babylonischen Neujahrsfest – ein Beitrag zur Kulttopographie Babylons in hellenistischer Zeit
Authors: Hackl Johannes
Published: January 2021

This article revisits the question of whether the sanctuary named é
ud.1.kam and the New Year Festival house (bīt akīti) are one and the same or whether they are separate entities. It presents new evidence that suggests reading the logographic name as bīt ūmakkal, and argues that the latter refers to a sanctuary which was situated in the juniper garden surrounding Marduk’s temple Esangila. In addition, it calls into question P. J. Kosmin’s assumption that the é ud.1.kam may have been founded or repurposed to commemorate in cult the “idealized” Seleucid Era epoch.

Zitate und Abkürzungen folgen den Abkürzungsverzeichnissen in Archiv für Orientforschung 48/49 (2001/2002) 311–505. Ferner ist zu beachten: AD = Text publiziert in A. J. Sachs/H. Hunger, Astronomical diaries and related texts from Babylonia I–VII (Wien 1988 fortlaufend); Fs. van der Spek + Seite + Nummer = Text publiziert von Hackl (2016); OLA 136 + Taf. + Nummer = Text publiziert von Boiy (2004); RINBE 2 + Nummer = Text ediert von Weiershäuser/Novotny (2020). Umrechnungen nach dem Julianischen Kalender folgen Parker/Dubberstein (31956). Ich danke J. Oelsner, T. Oshima, R. Pirngruber, R. J. van der Spek, M. P. Streck und S. Tost für Hinweise und/oder das Lesen des Manuskripts. Ferner bedanke ich mich bei den Gutachtern für ihre wertvollen Hinweise und Anregungen.
PROJETO GEPETO – UNINDO SOCIEDADE, CIÊNCIA, EDUCAÇÃO E TEATRO
Authors: Derossi Ingrid Nunes , Faria Josimar De Araujo
Published: January 2021

Este relatório apresenta os resultados do projeto de extensão – GEPETO (Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação e Teatro), realizado pela Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro – Campus Iturama durante a pandemia da COVID-19. O presente projeto refere-se à utilização do teatro nas escolas, como metodologia de ensino de ciências, possibilitando o debate de temas como gênero, racismo, homossexualidade e seu diálogo com a ciência, contribuindo para a formação de indivíduos mais críticos e reflexivos. Expõe as adaptações necessárias para a mudança de um projeto presencial para um online, bem como as dificuldades e benefícios de uma atividade feita de forma remota. Pode-se dizer que em alguns aspectos do que era proposto no projeto, como das oficinas de técnicas teatrais houve um significativo prejuízo, bem como a interação entre os membros. No entanto, o público alcançado e o exercício de criatividade exigido dos componentes do grupo, foram extremamente relevantes. Como o projeto está em andamento, os integrantes estudam novas reformulações para inserir mais atividades teatrais na plataforma digital.
OBSERVATÓRIO DA PROBLEMÁTICA DA SECA E DO COVID-19 NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NA REGIÃO SUL DO RS: RELATÓRIO DO PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO
Authors: Franz Juliana Cristina , Pereira Lourenson Alice , Dias de Ávila Fernanda , Porto de Souza Tatiana , Paludo Vargas Letícia , Conill Gomes Mário
Published: January 2021

No Sul do Brasil, o início do ano foi marcado por uma grande seca que coincidiu com o aparecimento da pandemia de COVID-19. Dessa forma, o objetivo do Projeto Unificado de extensão universitária foi motivado pela necessidade da realização de um diagnóstico desta situação crítica vivida pelos agricultores da região Sul do RS. A metodologia do projeto é composta por dois momentos: 1) o da elaboração dos informes, no qual há uma fase de coleta de informações e posterior divulgação; 2) o da (re)construção de conhecimento, personalizado pelo ciclo de palestras, onde ocorre o contato do grupo de trabalho com um público mais amplo e com o qual se abre um espaço para crítica e para a troca de saberes. Cabe destacar que neste período de afastamento social, todas as etapas do projeto ocorreram de forma virtual. Essa ação agrega valor aos integrantes do projeto, incluindo internos (organização) e externos (população diretamente afetada). O formato digital adotado neste projeto possibilitou a aproximação ao público alvo via redes sociais. Essa estratégia funcionou para manter a universidade em contato com a comunidade, possibilitando uma compreensão melhor das suas dificuldades e contribuição para discussão e busca de soluções. Por fim, a participação da comunidade em ambos os momentos deste projeto evidenciou que eles são capazes de proporcionar um ambiente de debate, compreensão e troca de informações sobre os problemas enfrentados, para que sejam encontradas possíveis alternativas, nesse caso, para os agricultores familiares.
FAMILIARES DE CRIANÇAS COM ALTAS HABILIDADES/SUPERDOTAÇÃO: ANSEIOS E PERCEPÇÕES EXPRESSOS EM UMA INTERVENÇÃO DURANTE A PANDEMIA
Authors: Filgueiras Karina Fideles , Nogueira Iasmim Faria , Avelar Mayra Stephanie Santos
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo é referente a uma prática extensionista desenvolvida junto aos familiares de crianças com altas habilidades/superdotação participantes do Projeto de Extensão “Enriquecimento da Aprendizagem para o Desenvolvimento de Habilidades”, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, em Belo Horizonte. Esse estudo tem como foco principal contribuir para reflexões a respeito da utilização e vantagens de grupos focais em moldes virtuais, como forma adaptativa ao contexto de pandemia. A intervenção aqui explicitada foi realizada no Grupo de Pais do projeto supracitado e refere-se a um texto dissertativo construído a partir da análise do filme “A Viagem de Chihiro”, lançado pelo estúdio Ghibli, em 2003 no Brasil. O trabalho realizado resultou em uma produção textual repleta de analogias entre as cenas do filme e as expectativas, anseios e medos paternos referentes ao comportamento e habilidades de seus filhos.
PROJETOS DE EXTENSÃO E PESQUISA ASSEGURAM O CUIDADO NUTRICIONAL DE CRIANÇAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA NO PERÍODO DE PANDEMIA DO NOVO CORONAVÍRUS
Authors: Peter Gonçalves Bárbara , De Souza Silva Eduarda , Hobus Regina , Da Silva Lourenço Geovana , Dos Santos Vaz Juliana , Costa Valle Sandra
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar as ações desenvolvidas pelo projeto de extensão “Assistência nutricional ambulatorial à crianças” em conjunto ao projeto de pesquisa “Protocolo de Atendimento Nutricional ao Autista (PANA)” durante o período de isolamento social causado pela epidemia do novo coronavírus no ano de 2020. Os atendimentos e supervisões nutricionais de crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do espectro autista que anteriormente eram realizados de forma presencial foram mantidos na modalidade remota os aqueles pacientes já cadastrados no projeto de extensão. Para isso, a equipe do projeto organizou duas ações de supervisão nutricional que pudessem ser conduzidas na modalidade remota por meio de aplicativo de chamadas online: consultas remotas - a serem realizadas por chamadas ou vídeo chamadas, e aconselhamentos remotos por mensagens de texto. Estas ações foram denominadas de PANA online. Com o recebimento das demandas, a equipe passou a reunir-se remotamente para a discussão dos casos e orientações a serem repassadas aos pais ou responsáveis. Entre os meses de maio e agosto foram realizados dezessete atendimentos remotos, sendo doze aconselhamentos e cinco consultas nutricionais. As ações não presenciais deste projeto têm suprido parte da demanda da população assistida, evitando a ausência prolongada de assistência nutricional neste período de isolamento social e aproximando a comunidade dos serviços de saúde prestados pela Universidade.
PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO CETAT EM TEMPO DE PANDEMIA: NOVAS EXPERIÊNCIAS E REFLEXÕES
Authors: Post Letícia Kirst , Silva John Victor Junio Batista Ferreira , Schwonke Nathalia Radmann , Ramson Camila De Moraes , Araujo Cinthia Fonseca , Xavier Cristina Braga
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Descrever as ações do projeto extensão denominado de Centro de Estudos, Tratamento e Acompanhamento de Traumatismos em Dentes Permanentes (CETAT), onde são realizados atendimentos clínicos a pacientes portadores de injúrias dentais traumáticas (IDTs), junto à comunidade de Pelotas e região, fazendo uma reflexão sobre a interrupção da prestação do serviço às pessoas causada pela pandemia do coronavírus. Metodologia: É realizada a contextualização do projeto, de suas principais atuações e indicadores das atividades realizadas, bem como do momento atual de pandemia que está sendo vivenciado no mundo e na cidade de Pelotas. Também é relatada a inserção de uma ação de ensino vinculada ao projeto, denominada “CETAT- em casa”, articulada para este momento, que tem por objetivo aproximar os participantes do projeto, discutir a situação do público-alvo e aprofundar o conhecimento teórico-científico no tema, criando estratégias para aprimorar o serviço, no momento do retorno presencial. Já foram realizados diversos encontros remotos, com apresentação de seminários, palestras, casos clínicos e reuniões para tentar articular ações que possam contornar o problema causado pela falta de atendimento nas clínicas da Faculdade de Odontologia. Conclusões: A interrupção da prestação de serviço à comunidade é preocupante, pois poucos serviços públicos ofertam o atendimento aos pacientes com traumatismo em dentes permanentes, que supram das suas necessidades de tratamento odontológico. Sabe-se que novos desafios virão pela frente, mas esta primeira experiência pôde fortalecer a equipe para criar estratégias de ação futuras que possam contornar muitas situações adversas causadas pela pandemia.
A extensão universitária em tempos de pandemia: a divulgação da Rede PHI - Patrimônio Histórico + Cultural Iberoamericano
Authors: Silveira Aline Montagna da , Oliveira Ana Lúcia Costa de , Silva Valentina De Farias Betemps da , Amaral Manuela Farias , Forneck Vanessa , Tomaz Lourenço Kallil
Published: January 2021

O trabalho apresenta a atividade extensionista do projeto “Rede PHI - Patrimônio Histórico + Cultural Iberoamericano” e seus desdobramentos no âmbito acadêmico da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (FAUrb/UFPel). A atividade, realizada em formato remoto, teve como proposta dar prosseguimento às discussões sobre patrimônio cultural durante o isolamento social em função da pandemia de COVID-19 através do grupo de estudos “Ler e Interpretar o Patrimônio Cultural”. O trabalho tem como objetivos narrar as experiências de apresentação da Rede PHI e dos Trabalhos Finais de Graduação (TFG) publicados na plataforma e refletir sobre as impressões da atividade remota para os integrantes do grupo de estudos, apontando as potencialidade e limitações das atividades relacionadas ao desenvolvimento científico em formato remoto.
AS AÇÕES DO PROGRAMA DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA CINEAD EM TEMPOS DE ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL
Authors: Fresquet Adriana Mabel , Moreira Leonardo Cesar Alves , Cupolillo Pedro Almeida , Santos Cristiana Corrêa , Rebello Alfredo José
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo apresenta algumas das ações de um programa de extensão da UFRJ no período da pandemia de Covid-19. Durante o funcionamento regular das instituições de ensino, o grupo concentra seus esforços em promover aulas de iniciação ao cinema em escolas e hospitais públicos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Nesse sentido, foi necessário adaptar a proposta extensionista, respeitando as regras impostas no ano atípico de 2020, inventando e reinventando modos de viabilizar a continuidade das ações, de forma a manter o previsto na Resolução Nº 07, de 18 de dezembro de 2018 (que prevê a indissociabilidade do tripé universitário – pesquisa, ensino, extensão – e afirma a obrigatoriedade de cumprimento de pelo menos 10% do total da carga horária dos cursos de graduação em extensão). Durante a pandemia, diversas ações foram realizadas, entre estas um Curso de Extensão para vinte e cinco estudantes de graduação, além de encontros semanais com leituras de textos, visando a produção de materiais e a divulgação científica através das redes sociais do programa. Ainda durante esse período, o programa tem realizado minicursos e divulgado materiais em eventos acadêmicos universitários, tanto na UERJ quanto na UFRJ, além de organizar uma mostra virtual na Cinemateca do Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio.
Euro-Atlantic Solidarity in the Aftermath of Trump
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Shumilin Alexander
Published: January 2021

The very phrase «Euro-Atlantic solidarity» primarily presupposes an appeal to the foreign policy activities of the states of North America (USA and Canada) and the European Union. A priori, it is aimed at coordinating national and global strategies designed to determine the relations of the countries of this community with the outside world. Most analysts agree that it was this solidarity that was the first and perhaps the biggest and most sensitive victim of the Donald Trump administration's policies. The author of the article believes that after the 45th president leaves the White House, transatlantic solidarity will receive a tangible impetus for its renewal. While maintaining its basic foundations in the form of liberal-democratic values, however, relations between the two shores of the Atlantic are likely to be restructured in a somewhat different paradigm than before. During the Trump presidency, both the United States and Western Europe have practically formed two visions of the correctness of the foundations of transatlantic solidarity. In some aspects, they coincide, while in others they may diverge.
Danish opt-out in the European Defense: New Challenges
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Babynina Lyudmila
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes the features of Denmark’s participation in the European Union. The country has a number of opt-outs from the general rules for the functioning of the EU, including under the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). The intensive development of this area in the last decade, including the established Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), and the emergence of new security challenges make the question of the format of Denmark’s participation in these projects highly relevant. The author concludes that clearly limiting this opt-out allows Denmark to take benefit from participation in defense-related projects that are formally outside the CSDP framework, but fall within the joint competence of the Union and the Member States. At the same time, the rejection of the «Danish reservations» does not seem likely in the near future for domestic political reasons.
Transformation of British Policy in the Middle East
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Okhoshin Oleg
Published: January 2021

The Middle East region is of particular importance to the United Kingdom, because control over it ensures international and energy security, reduces the threat of a migration crisis and meets the country’s geopolitical objectives, which are reflected in the concept of «Global Britain». B. Johnson’s government in the Middle East policy faced the problems of peaceful settlement of ethno-confessional contradictions and the socio-economic consequences of the «Arab Spring» and the terrorist activities of ISIS. Under these conditions, British diplomacy has developed a strategy that includes maneuvering between the foreign policy interests of the US and the EU in the Middle East and adapting to the transformation of regional socio-political systems
«Ukrainian Transit»-7. Large Electoral Cycle: a Chance or a Challenge?
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Mironenko Viktor
Published: January 2021

Ukraine is in a state of transformation, in search of an adequate social and political model. It’s going through a second transformational crisis. The depth and the way out of it showed the completed large electoral cycle – presidential, parliamentary, and local elections in 2019–2020. The degree of freedom available, the preference given by Ukrainian citizens to legal means of solving emerging political problems over any other, as demonstrated by the very fact of these elections and the manner in which they were conducted, are singled out this society and this new independent state on a common somewhat uncertain and dim background of the «post-Soviet space». All this makes Ukraine and its processes a litmus test of the ability and readiness of Ukraine and other newly independent States to resolutely democratize and modernize themselves in a coordinated manner. For Ukraine, a large electoral cycle, the way it ended, is both a challenge and a chance. How will she respond to and use it in the light of these important political developments? The proposed article attempts to answer this question.