bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Geopolymer Paste as Coating Material Based on Kaolinite and Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Kaloari Ruth Meisye , Syamsidar  , Sulfiana  , Haris Abdul , Subaer
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this research is to study the properties of geopolymer paste based on metakaolin and rice husk ash (RHA) as coating material. Geopolymer paste was produced through alkaline activation method added with rice husk ash as much as 15% relative to the mass of metakaolin. The coating was achieved by painting the substrates with geopolymer paste. The coated material were cured at 60 °C for 3 hours. Samples were left at room temperature until seven days before any testing was conducted. The chemical resistance of the sample was studied by immersing the samples into (H2SO4) 1% for three days and it was found that the coated material was still in good condition. The presence of RHA was found to improve the thermal properties of geopolymer paste. The results showed that geoplymer paste was an excellent coating material for chemical and fire protection.
Factors Affecting the Setting Time of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer
Authors: Antoni  , Wijaya Stephen Wibiatma , Hardjito Djwantoro
Published: January 2016

Fly ash is a waste from coal burning, that are generated with fluctuation both in its physical and chemical characteristics. This characteristics of fly ash when used in the making of geopolymer concrete will greatly affect the final products obtained. The pH value measured in fly ash, according previous research, can influence the setting time of geopolymer and fly ash with high pH values can cause flash-setting in the concrete. Understanding more clearly about the factors that affect the setting time of fly ash based geopolymer is important for further progress and development of the material. It was found that factors that influence the setting time of geopolymer was not only from the physical and chemical properties of the fly ash itself. Other factors such as composition and mix design, manufacturing process and environmental conditions can also affect its setting time. The experimental results showed that fly ash particle size, CaO and MgO content, in addition to ratio of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide in the alkali solution, molarity of NaOH, initial temperature of the mixture, curing temperature, and mix volume could potentially influence the setting time of the geopolymer mixture.
Population studies of tree-defoliating insects in Canada: a century in review
Authors: Johns R.C. , Flaherty L. , Carleton D. , Edwards S. , Morrison A. , Owens E.
Published: January 2016

Our review highlights research during the past century focussed on the population ecology of outbreak-prone insect defoliators in Canadian forests. Based on reports from national and provincial surveys that began in the 1930s, there have been at least 106 insect defoliators reported to outbreak, most of which are native Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera (sawflies), or Coleoptera (in order of frequency from most to least). Studies comparing life-history traits of outbreak versus non-outbreak species to better understand why certain species are more outbreak-prone indicate several traits especially common among outbreak species, including egg clustering and aggregative larval feeding. There have been at least 50 time-series studies examining the spatiotemporal population behaviour of 12 major defoliator species. These studies provide evidence for both regular periodicity and spatial synchrony of outbreaks for most major species. Life-table studies seeking to understand the agents causing populations to fluctuate have been carried out for at least seven outbreak species, with the majority identifying natural enemies (usually parasitoids) as the major driver of outbreak collapse. Our review concludes with several case studies highlighting the impact and historical underpinnings of population studies for major defoliator species and a discussion of potential avenues for future research.
Revision of the Nearctic species ofDicraeusLoew (Diptera: Chloropidae)
Authors: Barrie Christine L. , Wheeler Terry A.
Published: January 2016

The Nearctic species ofDicraeusLoew (Diptera: Chloropidae) are revised. Eight species are recognised in North America:Dicraeus curtisinew speciesis described from the western United States of America; the Palaearctic speciesD. vagans(Meigen) is newly recorded in North America;D. elongatusSabrosky;D. fennicusDuda;D. incongruusAldrich;D. ingratus(Loew);D. tibialis(Macquart); andD. wilburiSabrosky are redescribed. All species are described and illustrated and a key to species is provided.Dicraeus aberransSabrosky, described from New Mexico, United States of America, is transferred to the genusNotaulacellaEnderlein asNotaulacella aberransnew combination. This represents the first Nearctic record of the previously Neotropical genusNotaulacella.
Gall-maker Paradiplosis tumifex (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and its inquiline Dasineura balsamicola (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): an update on epidemic episodes and seasonal ecology in Québec, Canada
Authors: Guay Jean-Frédéric , Bulot Diane , Béland Jean-Michel , Cloutier Conrad
Published: January 2016

The balsam gall midge Paradiplosis tumifex Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is a major pest for the Christmas tree industry. This galler is frequently associated with the inquiline Dasineura balsamicola (Lintner) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), which is involved in the dynamics of the galler. Despite their importance, seasonal ecology of both midges under the climatic conditions prevailing in eastern Canada is still poorly understood. More importantly, nothing has yet been done to fully assess the impact of temperature on these insects, at key events such as adult emergence and larval overwintering. Here we followed P. tumifex and D. balsamicola spring phenology in the field, as well as their survival during winter diapause under simulated climatic scenarios in the laboratory. We observed spring asynchrony between fir host trees and P. tumifex in the first year of study, but under prevailing epidemic conditions, we observed no impact on summer abundance. We clarified available knowledge on their ecology, showing that overwintering habitats and strategies differ between the galler and its inquiline, which should alter pest control strategies. Experimental overwintering data suggest that diapausing conditions affect these species differentially and could potentially impact the spring sex ratio of their midges, which tends to be strongly female biased.
The factors predicting biochemical recurrence in patients with radical prostatectomy
Authors: Koca Osman , Ün Sıtkı , Türk Hakan , Zorlu Ferruh
Published: January 2016

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the factors predicting recurrence in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 275 patients who underwent RP between 2000 and 2012 years in our clinic were evaluated retrospectively and 238 patients who met our criteria were included in the study. The effect of PSA values at diagnosis in addition the histopathological variables on the risk of recurrence was evaluated. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) is defined as “an increase of > 0.2 ng/ml or more in the serum total PSA count”. The statistical analysis of this study was done using SPSS for Windows Version 15.0 package program. Values below p < 0.05 are accepted as statistically significant. Results: The mean follow up, age and PSA of patients were 37,2 months, 66,01 ± 6,85 years and 11,12 ng/ml, respectively. BCR rate was 28% (68/238). Univariate analysis revealed that PSA levels during initial diagnosis (p < 0.0001), Gleason score (GS) (p < 0.0001), prostatic capsule involvement (p < 0.005), extracapsular extension (p = 0.0001), seminal vesicle involvement (p < 0.003) and surgical margin positivity (p < 0.014) were significant factors in predicting recurrence, while multivariate analysis showed that PSA at initial diagnosis (p = 0.002) and GS (p = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors. PSA > 10 ng/ml and Gleason score > 7 are considered as the risk factors for BCR. Conclusion: Our study results showed that PSA value during initial diagnosis as well as Gleason score were independent factors in predicting BCR following radical prostatectomy.
Male sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic end-stage renal insufficiency and in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Antonucci Michele , Palermo Giuseppe , Recupero Salvatore Marco , Bientinesi Riccardo , Presicce Fabrizio , Foschi Nazario , Bassi PierFrancesco , Gulino Gaetano
Published: January 2016

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from December 2011 to December 2012 on 95 patients between the ages of 20 and 65 years: 44 of which had been undergoing dialysis for over a year and 51 of whom had undergone kidney transplants more than 6 months before. Comorbidities were carefully recorded, erectile function was evaluated the with IIEF5 questionnaire and serum levels of total testosterone / free and prolactin were tested at early morning (7 AM). To assess the relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and clinical laboratory tests, Student's t-test statistical (quantitative variables), chi-square (qualitative variables), the uni and multivariate analysis were used. Results: In patients undergoing dialysis and in recently transplanted patients a higher instance of ED was found (70% and 65% of cases respectively). Amongst dialyzed patients, patients aged over 50 suffer from ED more frequently. Patients aged over 50s represent 61% of the total number of patients suffering from ED, and just 31% of patients not suffering from ED, (p = 0.006); Hyperprolactinemia was found in 23% and 20% of both groups respectively. Fifty nine % of the dialyzed patients presented values of testosterone serum levels of less than 250 ng/dl with a significant difference between those who were suffering from ED and those who were not (65% of ED patients vs. 46%,of patients not affected from ED p = 0.019). This was found in only 37% of transplanted patients and there does not appear to be a statistically significant correlation with the onset of ED (p = 0.12). In patients over the age of 50, diabetes and a condition of hypotestosteronemia were significantly correlated with ED at univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions: The ED in patients with end stage chronic kidney failure (CKF) continues to have a strong prevalence, either in the patients who are undergoing dialysis or in those who have received transplants. In literature this issue is not sufficiently considered if not at all. Hypotestosteronemia is a risk factor for the onset of ED in end stage CKF patients. A significantly lower prevalence of hypogonadism among dialyzed patents and transplant recipients suggests that renal transplantation may be protective for the sexual capabilities of these patients.
Penile prosthesis implant for erectile dysfunction: A new minimally invasive infrapubic surgical technique
Authors: Antonini Gabriele , Busetto Gian Maria , De Berardinis Ettore , Giovannone Riccardo , Vicini Patrizio , Gentile Vincenzo , Perito Paul E.
Published: January 2016

Erectile dysfunction, the most common male sexual disorder after premature ejaculation, with its important impact on man and partner’s sexuality and quality of life is a persistent inability to obtain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual performance. Non-surgical treatments with controversial results are usually applyed before surgical treatment that has reached high levels of satisfaction. We describe a new surgical technique to implant three-pieces penile prosthesis in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED) not responding to conventional medical therapy or reporting side effects with such a therapy. Implantation of an inflatable prosthesis, for treatment of ED, is a safe and efficacious approach with high satisfaction reported by patients and partners. Surgical technique should be minimally invasive and latest technology equipment should be implanted in order to decrease common complications and to obtain a better aesthetic result.
Robot-assisted excision of seminal vesicle cyst associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis
Authors: Scarcia Marcello , Maselli Francesco Paolo , Cardo Giuseppe , Pagliarulo Giovanni , Ludovico Giuseppe Mario
Published: January 2016

Seminal vesicle cysts (SVCs) associated with other genitourologic abnormalities are rare. Often associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis in a symptomatic patient. In symptomatic patients open surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The laparoscopic approach is a less invasive option. Recently robot-assisted management has gained a primary role for the treatment of this condition.
Renal cell carcinoma in patient with crossed fused renal ectopia
Authors: Cakmak Ozgur , Isoglu Cemal Selcuk , Peker Ercument Aziz , Tarhan Huseyin , Kucuk Ulku , Celik Orcun , Zorlu Ferruh , Ilbey Yusuf Ozlem
Published: January 2016

Primary renal cell carcinomas have rarely been reported in patients with crossed fused renal ectopia. We presented a patient with right to left crossed fused kidney harbouring renal tumor. The most frequent tumor encountered in crossed fused renal ectopia is renal cell carcinoma. In this case, partial nephrectomy was performed which pave way to preservation of the uninvolved both renal units. Due to unpredictable anatomy, careful preoperative planning and meticulous delineation of renal vasculature is essential for preservation of the uninvolved renal units.
Primary testicular lymphoma: Two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Cakiroglu Basri , Eyyupoglu Seyit Erkan , Dogan Akif Nuri , Noseri Umit , Aksoy Suleyman Hilmi , Ozturk Ahmet Bekir
Published: January 2016

Primary testicular lymphoma, is a rare testis tumor that accounts for only less than 9% of all testis tumors. In the preoperative period, it is extremely difficult to distinguish this tumor from other testis tumors. Its diagnosis is done by histological analysis. Most commonly encountered histological type is diffuse large Bcell lymphoma. Adjuvant radiotheraphy and/or chemotheraphy is given after orchiectomy. Prognosis is worse than other testis tumors. Non-metastatic tumors indicates good prognosis within one year. Ongoing research in patients with primary testicular lymphoma, are on efficacy of adjuvant theraphies and preventive and cure effect on extranodal extension to central nervous system which is the most common site for recurrency. There are conflicting results because of the small number of patient size. Here we present two cases with primary testicular lymphoma at the ages 71 and 82.
Accuracy of pelvic multiparametric MRI in diagnosing local recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Case report and revision of the literature
Authors: Pepe Pietro , Garufi Antonio , Priolo Giandomenico , Pennisi Michele
Published: January 2016

A Caucasian man (73 years old) six years from radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer (PCa) showed biochemical recurrence (BCR); the follow up based on PSA evaluated every 6 months was negative (0.1 ng/ml) for 5 years, but in the last year PSA increased to 0.3 vs 0.5 ng/ml. The patient was asymptomatic and underwent 3.0 Tesla mpMRI equipped with surface 16 channels phased-array coil placed around the pelvic area; multiplanar turbo spin-echo T2-weighted (T2W), axial diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), axial dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) and spectroscopy were performed. Pelvic mpMRI demonstrated the presence of a nodular tissue with a diameter of 10 mm. located on the left of the prostatic fossa near the rectum that was higly sospicious for local PCa recurrence. The patient underwent salvage RT (64 Gy); one year from RT PSA was 0.1 ng/ml suggesting that the patient was free from recurrence. In conclusion, mpMRI could be combined with PSA kinetics in the evaluation of men with BRC also in the presence of PSA values < 1 ng/ml.
A rare case of pedunculated bronchial hemangioma
Authors: Bellia M. , Lo Casto A. , Guddo F. , Midiri M. , Regio S. , Lagalla R. , Bellia V.
Published: January 2016

We describe a rare case of pedunculated endobronchial hemangioma observed in a 60 years old patient complaining of chronic productive cough and accessional dyspnea which had been progressively worsening over 20 years. The lesion was first noticed at fiberoptic bronchoscopy; then computed tomography scan was performed and integrated with tridimensional reconstruction techniques. Pathology showed the picture of a vascular neoplasm, compatible with capillary hemangioma. The lesion was submitted to laser-assisted endoscopic removal in order to relieve the obstruction, leading to remission of symptoms.
Report from the 9th WASOG Meeting & 11th BAL International Conference
Authors: Sharma O.P.
Published: January 2016

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Hospitalisation for COPD in Puglia: the role of hospital discharge database to estimate prevalence and incidence
Authors: Trerotoli P. , Bartolomeo N. , Moretti A.M.
Published: January 2016

Background and aim. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), although largely preventable, is a great health burden in all the countries worldwide. Statistics of morbidity and mortality of COPD show the need for correct management of the disease. Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Diseases (DRG 88) are in 9th place for discharge in in-patient hospital admission. It is necessary to establish specific indicators which are efficacious and relevant for the patient, the doctor and the health manager. This study will analyse the information in respect of hospital admissions (Hospital discharge database) in Puglia for the period 2000-2005. Methods. The analysis was carried out utilising the Puglia Region hospital patient discharge database, selecting those patients with admission for chronic respiratory disease as principal or secondary diagnosis. Results. Chronic respiratory diseases are more frequent in males and in people over 45 years old with frequency increasing with age. Geographical distribution shows that there are greater rates of hospitalisation in big cities and in the neighbourhood of industrial areas. Although the trend over time is slight. A higher percentage of re-admission has been found for patients with COPD, and the interval between the two admissions occurs within one or two months; the diagnosis at the second admission is the same as for the first. 10.6% of discharge forms report one diagnosis, especially in patients older than 65 years of age. Little could be said about diagnostic procedures because these are not reported on the discharge form. Conclusion. Hospitalisation data confirms expectations regarding age and sex of patients. The high hospitalisation rates indicate that in-patients care still remains the only viable treatment for COPD and other chronic respiratory diseases. The high number of exacerbations reflect the absence of out-patients service or community care, and the same diagnosis in more than one episode shows the lack of efficiency of health services and disease management. This data is necessary to understand disease distribution and the modification of disease management in order to reduce health care costs, to increase efficacy in disease control and to limit repeated exacerbation and so to obtain the maximum benefit for the patients.
Non-invasive methods to assess biomarkers of exposure and early stage of pulmonary disease in smoking subjects
Authors: Malerba M. , Ragnoli B. , Corradi M.
Published: January 2016

Cigarette smoking is the major factor implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), despite the fact that only susceptible smoking subjects develop this respiratory disease. In the last few years non–invasive techniques such as induced sputum (IS), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) measurement and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) collection have been successfully established revealing an inflammatory status and oxidative stress indicators in the airways involved in the pathogenesis of several pulmonary diseases. Using these new non-invasive experimental tools recently, several efforts have been made to find new biomarkers in order to assess and monitor early lung damage induced by smoking. Tobacco smoke can acutely reduce eNO levels in healthy smokers and non-smoker subjects so it can play a role in anti-smoking programmes; its increase can be a positive parameter for subjects who are going to stop cigarette smoking and at the same time be used as an anti-smoking indicator. It can be useful to investigate the mechanism of cigarette-induced lung damage in an experimental setting and may potentially be useful for assessing of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) effects. Markers of oxidative stress have been detected in induced sputum of COPD subjects even though only few studies investigated the use of induced sputum to study smoke effects on the lungs of healthy subjects. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) obtained by cooling exhaled air under conditions of spontaneous breathing is a promising biological fluid that could provide a real-time assessment of pulmonary pathobiology. The analysis of induced sputum and of exhaled air is feasible and non-invasive, can be useful to identify new biomarkers of exposure or susceptibility in COPD patients to enhance the understanding of airways changes due to current smoking and may be useful to find new biomarkers in order to assess and monitor early lung damage induced by smoke in order to prevent the progression of obstructive disease.
Non-invasive diagnosis in a case of bronchopulmonary sequestration and proposal of diagnostic algorhythm
Authors: Caradonna P. , Bellia M. , Cannizzaro F. , Regio S. , Midiri M. , Bellia V.
Published: January 2016

The case of a 43-year-old woman with intralobar pulmonary sequestration, Pryce type one, is presented. The medical history was characterised by recurrent bronchopneumonia, productive cough with purulent sputum and hemoptysis in the last three years. Diagnosis was made by CT angiography: multiplanar, maximum intensity projection and volume rendering reconstructions were visualised. A volume reduction of middle and lower lobe with multiple cyst-like bronchiectasis was detected and no evident relationship with tracheobronchial tree was pointed out. Reconstructions aimed at evaluating bronchial structures demonstrated no patency of middle and lower lobar bronchi. The study carried out after contrast medium infusion in arterial phase showed a vascular disorder characterised by an accessory arterial branch arising from the upper portion of thoracic aorta which, after moving caudally to pulmonary hilus with a tortuous course, supplied the atelectatic parenchyma. No anomalous venous drainage was detected. The patient underwent surgery with resection of two pulmonary lobes. CT compares favourably with other alternative imaging technique for pulmonary sequestration as multiplanar reconstructions allow not only the detection of supplying vessel, but also the accurate description of heterogeneous characteristics of the mass and adjacent structures. Finally an imaging-based diagnostic algorhythm is proposed.
Increased IL-6 and IL-4 in exhaled breath condensate of patients with nasal polyposis
Authors: Carpagnano G.E. , Carratù P. , Gelardi M. , Spanevello A. , Di Gioia G. , Condreva T. , Resta O. , Foschino Barbaro M.P.
Published: January 2016

Background and Aim. Nasal polyposis (NP) occurs in about 1-4% of the worldwide population. Increased plasma concentrations of different pro-inflammatory cytokines have been observed in NP, and might be related to the pathogenesis of this syndrome.The present study was designed to investigate IL-6 and IL-4 concentrations in nasal and oral exhaled breath condensate of patients with early and advanced NP, and following polypectomy. Methods. Ten individuals with polyposis in early status, twenty-three patients affected by advanced status of NP and ten healthy controls were enrolled into the study. Exhaled breath condensate was collected by all individuals, according to a previous standardised method. An immunoassay kit was used to measure IL-6 and IL-4 levels. Results. Concentrations of oral and nasal exhaled IL- 6 and IL-4 were significantly higher in patients with early nasal polyposis and advanced nasal polyposis, compared to healthy controls. A statistically significant decrease of nasally but not of orally exhaled IL-6 (p<0.001) and IL-4 (p<0.05) was observed after polypectomy. Conclusions. We consider oral and nasal exhaled condensate of IL-6 and IL-4 as valid inflammatory and oxidative stress marker in patients with nasal polyposis.
An easy method to evaluate the therapeutic effects of laser therapy on port-wine stains based on DC images
Authors: Ma Limin , Qi Xiangdong , Qin Jianzeng , Zhong Shizhen , Zhou Ye , Zhang Bin
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To investigate the treatment effects on port-wine stains (PWSs) using the red, green, and blue (RGB) color measuring and analyzing system in combination with a personal computer.

Methods:

Twenty patients with PWSs were evaluated both by the RGB color measuring and analyzing system and by the experienced plastic surgeons through a blind test. Then, the two treatment effects were compared.

Results:

The mean treatment effect was 51.6 ± 24% by RGB method, ranging from 2% to 98%, and that of the clinician evaluation was 47.13 ± 24.6%, ranging from 15% to 90%. There was no significant difference in treatment effects as evaluated by both the clinicians and the RGB measuring and analyzing system method on average (P > 0.05). The subjective clinical grades correlated well with the treatment effects obtained by the proposed computer-assisted RGB measuring and analyzing system (correlation coefficient, 0.87).

Conclusions:

RGB color measure and analysis system could replace clinician for the evaluation of treatment effects on PWSs and it is an easy, objective, quantitative, and cost-effective method, and can be useful for the evaluation of treatment effects on PWSs.
Progesterone after Estradiol Modulates Shuttle-Cage Escape by Facilitating Volition
Authors: Mayeaux Darryl J. , Tandle Sarah M. , Cilano Sean M. , Fitzharris Matthew J.
Published: January 2016

In animal models of depression, depression is defined as performance on a learning task. That task is typically escaping a mild electric shock in a shuttle cage by moving from one side of the cage to the other. Ovarian hormones influence learning in other kinds of tasks, and these hormones are associated with depressive symptoms in humans. The role of these hormones in shuttle-cage escape learning, however, is less clear. This study manipulated estradiol and progesterone in ovariectomized female rats to examine their performance in shuttle-cage escape learning without intentionally inducing a depressive-like state. Progesterone, not estradiol, within four hours of testing affected latencies to escape. The improvement produced by progesterone was in the decision to act, not in the speed of learning or speed of escaping. This parallels depression in humans in that depressed people are slower in volition, in their decisions to take action.
Tumor Necrosis Factor and the Pathogenesis of Pichinde Virus Infection in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Aronson Judith F. , Herzog Norbert K. , Jerrells Thomas R.
Published: January 2016

Pichinde virus (PIC) is a reticuloendothelial arenavirus of the New World tropics. A guinea pig passage–adapted strain of this virus (adPIC) is uniformly lethal for inbred guinea pigs, while the related, prototype strain (PIC3739) has attenuated virulence. The abilities of adPIC and PIC3739 to induce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in vivo and in cultured macrophages were compared. Infection with adPIC, but not PIC3739, was associated with detectable serum TNF that peaked in week 2 of infection. Tumor necrosis factor was found in the spleens of adPIC- and PIC3739-infected animals in week 1 of infection ; TNFα mRNA levels in spleens and livers of adPIC infected animals increased and remained high throughout infection, whereas PIC3739-infected organs showed down regulation of TNFα mRNA late in infection. Peritoneal macrophages explanted from adPIC-infected animals showed enhanced lipopolysaccharide-inducible TNF production. Altered regulation of TNF production may play a role in the pathogenesis of guinea pig arenavirus disease.
A Gestão do Empreendimento Rural: um estudo a partir de um programa de transferência de tecnologia a pequenos produtores
Authors: Borges Marcio Silva , Guedes Cezar Augusto Miranda , E Castro Maria Cristina Drumond
Published: January 2016

A abertura do mercado lácteo nacional na década de 1990 expôs os baixos índices de eficiência técnica e de gestão, demonstrando a necessidade de ações para melhorias nesse sentido. Além disso, existem dois processos convergentes que corroboram com os fatores citados: o primeiro internalizando índices tais como capacidade de fornecimento, produção em escala e nível de tecnologia empregada, e um segundo processo, que caracteriza a adoção de um sistema de gestão eficiente, capaz de capacitar os produtores na utilização de tecnologias apropriadas resultando ganhos de produtividade e rentabilidade para toda a cadeia. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em analisar em que medida o Balde Cheio, programa criado pela EMBRAPA Pecuária Sudeste em 1999, pode funcionar como vetor de capacitação para o gerenciamento de pequenas propriedades leiteiras a partir da transferência de tecnologia. Os cinco meses de entrevistas in loco, na cidade de Valença – RJ, permitiram que se chegasse à conclusão de que o Balde Cheio possibilitou uma transferência de tecnologia eficiente e um sistema de gestão da propriedade compartilhada com extensionista rural, evidenciando vantagens e desvantagens nesse processo.
Processo de Interação Universidade-Empresa em Santa Catarina para o Desenvolvimento Inovativo: O caso da UFSC, FURB, UDESC e UNIVALI
Authors: Lemos Dannyela da Cunha , Cário Silvio Antônio Ferraz , Melo Pedro Antônio de
Published: January 2016

Este artigo insere-se num estudo sobre a interação Universidade-Empresa (U-E) em Santa Catarina para o desenvolvimento inovativo e visa especificamente caracterizar o processo de interação U-E a partir das particularidades de quatro universidades: UFSC, FURB, UDESC e UNIVALI. Para tanto foi realizada uma pesquisa descritivo-explicativa de abordagem qualitativa. Foram utilizados como referência dados secundários coletados no Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (DGP-CNPq), por meio dos censos realizados no período de 2000 a 2010. Posteriormente foram realizadas 38 entrevistas em profundidade nas respectivas universidades objetos de estudo. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado por meio do software de análise de dados qualitativos Atlas/ti e apoiou-se na análise de conteúdo categorial. Os resultados apontam dentre outros aspectos para a importância do tempo de relacionamento com a empresa para a manutenção e sustentabilidade da parceria, aspecto que está diretamente relacionado ao tempo de existência dos grupos de pesquisa e que por sua vez se reflete nos formatos de interação.
Selected English-Language Bibliography of Interest for Hungarian Cultural Studies: 2014-2015
Authors: Vasvari Louise O.
Published: January 2016

As the above title indicates, because of the publication schedule of Hungarian Cultural Studies this bibliography straddles 2014-2015, covering the period since the publication in the fall of 2014 of last year’s bibliography in this journal. Each year’s bibliography is supplemented by earlier items, which were only retrieved recently. Although this bibliography series can only concentrate on English-language items, occasional items of particular interest in other languages may be included. For a more extensive bibliography of Hungarian Studies from about 2000 to 2010, for which this is a continuing update, see Louise O. Vasvári, Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek, and Carlo Salzani. “Bibliography for Work in Hungarian Studies as Comparative Central European Studies.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture (Library) (2011):  http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweblibrary/hungarianstudiesbibliography.
Juckes, Tim. 2012. The Parish and Pilgrimage Church of St Elizabeth in Košice - Town, Court, and Architecture in Late Medieval Hungary (Architectura Medii Aevi 6). Turnhout: Brepols. XII+292 pp. 224 figs.
Authors: Sághy Marianne
Published: January 2016

Juckes, Tim. 2012. The Parish and Pilgrimage Church of St Elizabeth in Košice - Town, Court, and Architecture in Late Medieval Hungary (Architectura Medii Aevi 6). Turnhout: Brepols. XII+292 pp. 224 figs. Reviewed by Marianne Sághy, Central European University (CEU), Budapest
Csobánka, Zsuzsa. 2013: Majdnem Auschwitz ('Almost Auschwitz'). Budapest: Kalligram. 279 pp.
Authors: Schwartz Agatha
Published: January 2016

Csobánka, Zsuzsa. 2013: Majdnem Auschwitz ('Almost Auschwitz'). Budapest: Kalligram. 279 pp. Reviewed by Agatha Schwartz, University of Ottawa, Canada
Rózsa, Dávid, Ed-in-Chief. 2014. Portrék a magyar statisztika és népességtudomány történetéből - életrajzi lexikon a XVI. századtól napjainkig ('Portraits from the History of Hungarian Statistics and Demography – A Biographical Lexicon from the Sixteenth Century to the Present'). Budapest: Központi Statisztikai Hivatal Könyvtár. 807 pp. Illus.
Authors: Turda Marius
Published: January 2016

Rózsa, Dávid, Ed-in-Chief. 2014. Portrék a magyar statisztika és népességtudomány történetéből - életrajzi lexikon a XVI. századtól napjainkig ('Portraits from the History of Hungarian Statistics and Demography – A Biographical Lexicon from the Sixteenth Century to the Present'). Budapest: Központi Statisztikai Hivatal Könyvtár. 807 pp. Illus. Reviewed by Marius Turda, Oxford Brookes University, United Kingdom
From the Bright Future of the Nation to the Dark Future of Mankind: Jókai and Karinthy in Hungarian Utopian Tradition
Authors: Czigányik Zsolt
Published: January 2016

After defining utopianism Czigányik gives a brief introduction to Hungarian utopian literature. While he discusses Tariménes utazása [‘The Voyage of Tariménes’], written by György Bessenyei in 1804, the utopian scenes of Imre Madách’s Az ember tragédiája [‘The Tragedy of Man’, 1862] and Frigyes Karinthy’s short utopian piece, Utazás Faremidoba [‘Voyage to Faremido’, 1916], the bulk of the paper deals with Mór Jókai’s monumental novel, A jövő század regénye, [‘The Novel of the Century to Come’, 1872]. Jókai, who had taken an active part in the 1848 uprising, depicts in this novel a future world of an imaginary twentieth century, where Hungary has primacy within the Habsburg empire (with the emperor king being Árpád Habsburg) and the invention of the airplane (by a Hungarian) brings lasting peace, stability and prosperity to the world. Besides introducing the Hungarian utopian tradition, the paper will reflect upon the role of individuals in imagined societies and how an agency-centered narrative overwrites the essentially structuralist view of history, that usually permeates utopias.
Two Austro-Hungarian Women Writers, Anna Tutsek and Terka Lux, Creating New Urban Identities in Early Twentieth-Century Budapest
Authors: Kádár Judit
Published: January 2016

In this paper, I examine some literary texts of two turn-of-the century Hungarian women writers, Anna Tutsek and Terka Lux who left behind their childhood environment in remote regions of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in order to move to Budapest, the capital of the eastern part of the Empire. Assuming that individuals hold multiple identities that are flexible and inevitably affected by environmental and social changes, my main focus is on the transformation of their ethnic, regional, occupational and gender identity influenced by the disengagement from their birthplace. Within a context of Hungarian−Eastern-European women's social history, I investigate how migration had led them to reshape their original identities and create new ones and how these emigrant writers reacted to the loss of cultural and social norms in which they had previously lived.
Hungarian Population Discourses in the Twentieth Century: The Problem of Declining Birth Rates
Authors: Szántó Ildikó
Published: January 2016

Falling birth rates had already been recorded as early as the late-eighteenth century in south-western Hungary in the Ormánság. Population loss from low birth rate remained one of the main topics writers and sociologists focused on in the twentieth century. The issue of Hungarian population decline was highlighted among the social ills in the interwar period, which was one of several subjects that divided intellectuals into ‘populists’ and ‘urbanites’. Following the impact of the low birth rate figures in the 1960s, the populists’ views of the 1930s resurfaced in public discourse in the 1960s and 1970s and up to the present day. The concern about the increasing trend of single-child families in rural settlements as well as in urban areas appeared in the various works of Hungarian writers and journalists throughout the previous century. The present paper intends to focus on the intellectual background to the public debates on the population issue, outlining the accounts of the interwar ‘village explorers’ briefly, and the way they are related to the pre-Second World War populist movement. Finally the reappearance of the debates between populists and non-populists of the 1970s is discussed, a debate that is still continuing.
Lessons from Objects: Designing a Modern Hungarian Childhood 1890-1950
Authors: Winick Amber
Published: January 2016

Art and architecture assisted Hungary’s delivery into modern Europe, and many Hungarian designs of the early twentieth century invoked the child rather than the adult as the ideal citizen. Throughout the first half of the twentieth century, Hungarian designers, design reformers and the Ministry of Culture and Education expressed national identity through design, emphasizing objects and spaces for children as a key element in defining a national culture. This research unfolds a vital dimension of Hungarian culture by examining a selection of objects and spaces—nursery designs, children’s clothing, school architecture, the Budapest Zoo and book illustrations—made for Hungary’s children during different periods of the last century. Working in partnership with the Iparművészeti Múzeum—the Museum of Applied Arts in Budapest—as well as several public and private collections across Hungary, I researched a number of important children’s designs that helped to shape the lives and experiences of twentieth century Hungarian children.  Central to my research is how social and political forces shaped designs and how these designs helped children identify as Hungarian citizens. Looking at five material case studies, I hope to demonstrate the ways in which designers negotiated issues of Hungarian identity, tradition, and modernity.
The Poetry of 1.5 and Second-Generation Israelis of Hungarian Origin
Authors: Rosen Ilana
Published: January 2016

This article continues my 2014 article in this journal, in which I presented a beginning of work on contemporary Israeli prose writers of Hungarian origin. My analysis of those works showed that they are governed by recurring concerns, or literary themes, such as: the memory or post-memory of the Holocaust; Hungarian-to-Hebrew language and translation peculiarities; preoccupation with the family's past, including that of remote relatives; and fascination with home objects, dishes, and recipes representing the family's Hungarian past. Following my work on those prose works, in this article I focus on the works and worlds of 1.5 and second-generation Hungarian-Israeli poets and explore, first, the presence of the concerns or themes governing this group's prose works, and, second, issues of identity through the poets' depictions of experiences such as persecution, displacement, emigration, and re-settlement in Israel. My present discussion of the 1.5 and second-generation Hungarian-Israeli poets is divided into four themes: the Holocaust as an epitome of catastrophe, the Holocaust as memory and post-memory, co-fusion of languages and cultures, and the eternal mental displacement of the poets' parents.
The First Kazakh Whole Genomes: The First Report of NGS Data
Authors: Akilzhanova Ainur , Kairov Ulykbek , Rakhimova Saule , Molkenov Askhat , Rhie Arang , Kim Jong-Il , Seo Jeong-Sun , Zhumadilov Zhaxybay
Published: January 2016

Introduction: The human genome sequence will underpin human biology and medicine in the next century, providing a single, essential reference to all genetic information. Extraordinary technological advances and decreases in the cost of DNA sequencing have made the possibility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) feasible as a highly accessible test for numerous indications. The international project “Genetic architecture of Kazakh population” is well underway to determine the complete DNA. Next generation sequencing is a powerful tool for genetic analysis, which will enable us to uncover the association of loci at specific sites in the genome associated with disease. The aim of this study was to introduce first data on WGS of 6 Kazakh individuals.Methods: This pilot study is among the first WGS performed on 6 healthy Kazakh individuals, using next generation sequencing platform HiSeq2000, Illumina by manufacturer’s protocols. All generated *.bcl files were simultaneously converted and demultiplexed using bcl2fasta application. Alignment of sequence reads performed using bwa-mem against human b19 reference genome. Sorting, removing of intermediate files, *.bam files assembling, and marking duplicates were performed using PicardTools package. GATK haplotype caller tool was used for variant calling. ClinVar, SNPedia, and Cosmic databases were processed to identify clinical genomic variants in 6 Kazakh whole genomes. Java Runtime Environment and R. Bioconductor packages were installed to perform raw data processing and run program scripts.Results: The sequence alignment and mapping procedures on reference genome hg19 of each 6 healthy Kazakh individual were completed. Between 87,308,581,400 and 107,526,741,301 total base pairs were sequenced with average coverage x29.85. Between 98.85% and 99.58% base pairs were totally mapped and on average 96.07% were properly paired. Het/Hom and Ti/Tv ratios for each whole genome ranged from 1.35 to 1.52 and from 2.07 to 2.08, respectively. We compared and analyzed each genome with on existing clinical databases ClinVar, SNPedia, Cosmic and found from 20 to 25, from 269 to 288, from 7 to 12 SNP records, respectively. The availability of a reference Kazakh genome sequences provides the basis for studying the nature of sequence variation, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms.Conclusion: The first whole genome sequencing of Kazakhs were performed. In this pilot study, we identified SNPs associated with different conditions. Further studies of WGS on Kazakh population are needed to identify possible unique genetic variants in Kazakhs.
Sequence Alterations of I(Ks) Potassium Channel Genes in Kazakhstani Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Akilzhanova Ainur , Rakhimova Saule , Abilova Zhannur , Nuralinov Omirbek , Rashbayeva Gulzhaina , Abdrakhmanov Ayan , Bekbosynova Mahabbat
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, and it results in significant morbidity and mortality. However, the pathogenesis of AF remains unclear to date. Recently, more pieces of evidence indicated that AF is a multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction between environmental factors and genetics. Recent studies suggest that genetic mutation of the slow delayed rectifier potassium channel (I(Ks)) may underlie AF.Objective. To investigate sequence alterations of I(Ks) potassium channel genes KCNQ1, KCNE1 and KCNE2 in Kazakhstani patients with atrial fibrillation.Methods. Genomic DNA of 69 cases with atrial fibrillation and 27 relatives were analyzed for mutations in all protein-coding exons and their flanking splice site regions of the genes KCNQ1 (NM_000218.2 and NM_181798.1), KCNE1 (NM_000219.2), and KCNE2 (NM_172201.1) using bidirectional sequencing on the ABI 3730xL DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).Results. In total, a disease-causing mutation was identified in 39 of the 69 (56.5%) index cases. Of these, altered sequence variants in the KCNQ1 gene accounted for 14.5% of the mutations, whereas a KCNE1 mutation accounted for 43.5% of the mutations and KCNE2 mutation accounted for 1.4% of the mutations. The majority of the distinct mutations were found in a single case (80%), whereas 20% of the mutations were observed more than once. We found two sequence variants in KCNQ1 exon 13 (S546S G1638A) and exon 16 (Y662Y, C1986T) in ten patients (14.5%). In KCNE1 gene in exon 3 mutation, S59G A280G was observed in 30 of 69 patients (43.5%) and KCNE2 exon 2 T10K C29A in 1 patient (1.4%). Genetic cascade screening of 27 relatives to the 69 index cases with an identified mutation revealed 26.9% mutation carriers  who were at risk of cardiac events such as syncope or sudden unexpected death.Conclusion. In this cohort of Kazakhstani index cases with AF, a disease-causing mutation was identified in 56.5 % of the referred patients. Further screening of mutations in other genes encoding cardiac ion channels is needed to clarify possible disease causing and founder mutations in Kazakhstani atrial fibrillation patients.
Antimutagenic Properties of Biologically Active Substances of Microalgae Associates
Authors: Kolumbayeva Saule , Dzhokebayeva Saule , Begimbetova Dinara , Lovinskaya Anna
Published: January 2016

Introduction: There are an increasing number of different xenobiotics negatively influencing population health. Therefore, it is important to find effective protectors against mutagenic and toxic effects of environmental pollutants. Naturally occurring biologically active substances, the majority of which are antioxidants, are capable of functioning as modifiers of the induced mutation process. The application of various naturally occurring protectors will lower essential risks of congenital malformations, cancer, and hereditary diseases caused by mutational damages. Therefore, it is crucial to screen algal flora of Kazakhstan for the antimutagenic activity. This study involved the assessment of antimutagenic potential of biologically active polypeptide (BAP) produced in mixed microalgae cultures.Methods. 70 white outbred male rats (Rattus norvegicus) at 6 months of age were used for this study. The dosage of BAP produced by microalgae associates Anabaena flos-aquae x Anabaenopsis sp. comprised 100 mg/kg. Cadmium sulfate was used as a mutagen in a concentration of 1 mg/kg. Experiments on antimutagenic activity of BAP were carried out with the Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosomal Aberration Test.Results. After acute and subacute exposure of BAP, the level of chromosomal structural abnormalities in rat bone marrow cells was the same as in control group. Therefore, BAP showed no mutagenic activity, whereas exposure to cadmium sulfate at used concentration induced chromosomal aberrations with a significantly higher frequency than the spontaneous mutation rate. The exposure combination of BAP with cadmium sulfate resulted in a two-fold decrease (р < 0.05) of mutagen-induced chromosomal aberrations. The range of induced chromosomal aberrations included alterations of all types both in control and experimental groups.Conclusion. Most of the genotoxic effects are mediated through oxidative stress. The repair of DNA damage is an enzymatic process, which depends on the cellular metabolic rate. It has previously been shown that many biologically active substances lead to reduction of DNA sensitivity to mutagenic damaging factors. Based on these facts and obtained results, it can be assumed that BAP from mixed microalgae cultures Anabaena flos-aquae х Anabaenopsis sp. are capable of blocking free radical process reducing the likelihood of genome damage, as well as triggering the cellular repair system.