bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pluteus section Celluloderma (Pluteaceae): two new species in the Pluteus podospileus clade
Authors: KEERTHI V. , JUSTO ALFREDO , ŠEVČÍKOVÁ HANA , PRADEEP C.K.
Published: January 2024

Two new species (Pluteus parvulus and P. pauxillus) in the Pluteus podospileus clade are described based on morphological and molecular (nrITS) characters. Pluteus parvulus is characterized by small, thin, basidiomata with a brown pruinose pileus, pigmented lamella edges, polymorphic cheilocystidia and subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. Pluteus pauxillus is distinguished by its small, brown pruinose pileus and stipe, dotted brown lamella edge, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores, clavate, broadly clavate to fusiform cheilocystidia and abundant caulocystidia. Pluteus parvulus is found both in India and Korea, while P. pauxillus is so far known only from India.
Angusta gen. n. of the cicada tribe Leptopsaltriini, with description of a new species from China (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Authors: WANG JIALI , WEI CONG
Published: January 2024

Angusta gen. n. is erected in the cicada tribe Leptopsaltriini Moulton, 1923, and one new species, Angusta fangtingyui sp. n., is described from China. The relationship of this new genus to related taxa is discussed based on morphology and the phylogeny of Angusta fangtingyui gen. & sp. n. and representative species of subtribes Puranina, Leptopsaltriina, Euterpnosiina and Leptosemiina, which was reconstructed based on the concatenated dataset of three genes (COI + EF-1α + ARD1). Accordingly, Angusta gen. n. is assigned to Euterpnosiina of Leptopsaltriini.
Last instar larva of the critically endangered Oxyagrion franciscoi Machado & Bede, 2016 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) from Serra da Canastra National Park
Authors: FERNANDES-PIRES CAMILA EDUARDA , DATTO-LIBERATO FELIPE HENRIQUE , GUILLERMO-FERREIRA RHAINER
Published: January 2024

Oxyagrion franciscoi Machado & Bede, 2016 is a critically endangered damselfly species endemic to the Serra da Canastra National Park, Brazil, a vital environmental reserve within the Cerrado hotspot for biodiversity conservation. Here we reared, illustrated, and described the last instar larva of O. franciscoi.
Bailout Surgery for Difficult Gallbladders: Surgical Approach and Outcomes
Authors: Ledezma Dominguez Jennifer , Tariq Noor , Martins Russell Seth , Jawad Ghassan , Fisher Andrew D. , Maqbool Baila
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Inflammation in acute cholecystitis may cause a cholecystectomy to be more challenging. Due to the difficult dissection, conversion to subtotal cholecystectomy via laparoscopic or open procedure may be required. This is done to reduce the risk of bile duct injury and hemorrhage. We sought to describe the incidence and risk factors, safety, morbidity, and outcomes associated with bailout procedures.

Methods

A single academic center, retrospective review of laparoscopic cholecystectomies that resulted in bailout procedures performed between January 2015 and December 2020. Data collected from the chart review included demographics, comorbidities, length of presenting symptoms, vital signs, laboratory and imaging, intraoperative findings, length of surgery, and outcome.

Results

A total of 1892 cholecystectomies were performed with 147 bailout procedures. For bailout 92 (63.4%) were converted to open, with 66% resulting in complete cholecystectomy. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common comorbidities. The median duration of symptoms was 4 days. Difficult anatomy in the hepatocystic triangle (66%) and dense adhesions (31%) were the most common reasons for bailout. The mean duration of surgery was 145.76 (SD 102.94) minutes. There were 2 bile duct injuries, both in open total cholecystectomy subgroup. Bile leak occurred in 23.8% with majority in subtotal cholecystectomy group. There was no difference in hospital length of stay, surgical site infection, or mortality among different bailout procedures.

Conclusions

Subtotal cholecystectomy represents a safe alternative to total cholecystectomy during challenging cases to avoid damaging surrounding structures. The choice of laparoscopic or open subtotal approach is dependent on the surgeons’ expertise.
Early Pharmacologic Therapy in Patients With Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury and TBI: Is it Safe and Effective? An EAST Multicenter Study
Authors: Kelley William , Zreik Khaled , Gergen Anna , Williams Jamie , Jacobson Lewis E. , Nahmias Jeffry , Tatar Anthony , Murry Jason , Grigorian Areg , Ong Adrian , Stein Deborah M. , Scalea Thomas M. , Lauerman Margaret H.
Published: January 2024

Background

Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) with concurrent traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents increased risk of both ischemic stroke and bleeding. This study investigated the safety and survival benefit of BCVI treatment (antithrombotic and/or anticoagulant therapy) in this population. We hypothesized that treatment would be associated with fewer and later strokes in patients with BCVI and TBI without increasing bleeding complications.

Methods

Patients with head AIS >0 were selected from a database of BCVI patients previously obtained for an observational trial. A Kaplan-Meier analysis compared stroke survival in patients who received BCVI treatment to those who did not. Logistic regression was used to evaluate for confounding variables.

Results

Of 488 patients, 347 (71.1%) received BCVI treatment and 141 (28.9%) did not. BCVI treatment was given at a median of 31 h post-admission. BCVI treatment was associated with lower stroke rate (4.9% vs 24.1%, P < .001 and longer stroke-free survival ( P < .001), but also less severe systemic injury. Logistic regression identified motor GCS and BCVI treatment as the only predictors of stroke. No patients experienced worsening TBI because of treatment.

Discussion

Patients with BCVI and TBI who did not receive BCVI treatment had an increased rate of stroke early in their hospital stay, though this effect may be confounded by worse motor deficits and systemic injuries. BCVI treatment within 2-3 days of admission may be safe for patients with mean head AIS of 2.6. Future prospective trials are needed to confirm these findings and determine optimal timing of BCVI treatment in TBI patients with BCVI.
So Right It’s Wrong? Right Governments, Far Right Populism, and Investment Risk
Authors: Johnston Alison
Published: January 2024

Political economy literature documents how financial investors are more partial to right executives than left ones. Right cabinets face lower interest rates, less volatile stock prices and exchange rates, and higher credit ratings than left cabinets, even after accounting for fiscal differences. But does this advantage persist if right governments accommodate far right parties or ideas? I hypothesize that because far right populism can introduce political instability, markets’ evaluation of right executives might deteriorate if they enter coalition with far right parties or adopt their positions. Employing a panel analysis of bond spread data, and a comparative case study of the Netherlands and Sweden, I find that right executives enjoy significantly lower spreads than their left-wing counter-parts, but this advantage disappears if they rule in coalition with the far right or produce overly right-wing manifestos. These findings highlight that right parties may encounter tangible borrowing costs and market rebuke if they accommodate far right populism.
Racial Socialization Experiences Among 1.5 and 2nd Generation Indian Americans
Authors: Tummala-Narra Pratyusha , Inman Arpana G. , Kaduvettoor Davidson Anju , Yeh Christine J.
Published: January 2024

Few studies have focused on the racial socialization of Indian Americans, particularly those raised in the United States. The present study explored 1.5 and 2nd generation Indian Americans’ experiences of racial socialization in multiple contexts. Forty-four adult Indian Americans from diverse regions of the United States participated in semi-structured focus group interviews via video teleconference. Sixteen participants were 1.5 generation and 28 were 2nd generation. Data was analyzed using grounded theory. The results indicated three interrelated domains including: (a) Discussion of Race and Racism; (b) Awareness of Self in the Context of Racial and Cultural Differences; and (c) Role of Intra- and Inter-group Biases. The findings underscore how the minimization of racism within and outside of Indian American contexts, a colonial mentality transmitted intergenerationally, and negative impacts of casteism, sexism, and racism may influence one’s racial consciousness and racial socialization. Implications for culturally informed research, practice, advocacy, and training are detailed.
Impact of a Pharmacist-Driven Medication Diluent Volume Optimization Protocol on Fluid Balance and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Behal Michael L. , Mefford Breanne M. , Donaldson Chris , Laine Melanie E. , Cox Emily G. , Ruf Kathryn M. , Schadler Aric D. , Spezzano Kat M. , Bissell Brittany D.
Published: January 2024

Background: Volume overload (VO) is common in the intensive care unit (ICU) and associated with negative outcomes. Approaches have been investigated to curtail VO; however, none specifically focused on medication diluent volume optimization. Objective: Investigate the impact of a pharmacist-driven medication diluent volume optimization protocol on fluid balance in critically ill patients. Methods: A prospective, pilot study was conducted in a medical ICU during October 2021 to December 2021 (pre) and February 2022 to April 2022 (post). A pharmacist-driven medication diluent volume optimization protocol focusing on vasopressor and antimicrobial diluent volumes was implemented. Demographics and clinical data were collected during ICU admission up to 7 days. The primary outcome was net fluid balance on day 3. Secondary outcomes were medication volumes administered, net fluid balance, ICU length of stay, and mortality. Results: Supply chain shortages caused the study to stop at the end of February 2022. Overall, 152 patients were included (123 pre group, 29 post group). The most common admission diagnosis was acute respiratory failure (35%). Vasopressors and antimicrobials were utilized in 47% and 66% of patients, respectively. Net fluid balance on day 3 was greater but not significant in the post group (227.1 mL [−1840.3 to 3483.7] vs 2012.3 mL [−2686.0 to 4846.0]; P = .584). Antimicrobial diluent volumes were significantly less in the post group. No differences were seen in other secondary outcomes. Protocol group assignment was not associated with net fluid balance on day 3. Conclusion: Despite decreasing antimicrobial volume contributions, optimizing diluent volumes alone did not significantly impact overall volume status. Future studies should focus on comprehensive approaches to medication diluent optimization and fluid stewardship.
Historical Kinds in the Social World
Authors: Khalidi Muhammad Ali
Published: January 2024

This paper makes a distinction between ahistorical causal-functional kinds and historical kinds, which include both type- and token-historical kinds, some of which are “copied kinds.” After showing how these distinctions play out in various social sciences, a number of reasons are put forward for the historical individuation of some social kinds. As in the natural sciences, historical individuation in the social sciences can enable us to infer common causes, explain synchronic causal properties, and discover exceptions to causal regularities, among other epistemic aims.
Simulation and solution of a proppant migration and sedimentation model for hydraulically fractured inhomogeneously wide fractures
Authors: Peiqi Xiong , Lin Sun , Wu Feipeng , Aili Song , Jiyong Zhou , Xuguang Li , Haozhe Li
Published: January 2024

The distribution of proppant during hydraulic fracturing may directly contribute to the flow conductivity of the proppant fracture, so research on the migration and sedimentation of proppant in the fracture and the final distribution pattern is of great relevance. The mass conservation equations of proppant solids and fracturing fluid were adopted to describe the distribution of proppant migration and sedimentation in the fracture, improving the additional gravity coefficient by utilizing the density difference between proppant and fracturing fluid and the concentration of proppant, together with the proppant sedimentation velocity at different Reynolds numbers in this study. The flow coefficients were obtained by discretizing the system of equations through the finite volume method combined with the harmonic mean method and the upstream weight method. The concentration additional pressure gradient term was computed by using the Superbee format innovatively to improve the solution convergence of the model. Numerical simulations with identical parameters were compared with indoor test results, which fully verified the correctness of the model and the accuracy of the discrete solution based on the finite volume method. The effects of flow rate of fracturing fluid, ratio of injected sand, viscosity of fracturing fluid, grain size of proppant and density of proppant on proppant migration and sedimentation based on three elliptical fracture morphologies: even-wide, top-wide and bottom-narrow as well as top-narrow and bottom-wide were investigated and analyzed through comparing the rate of proppant front movement, the level of sweeping range and the degree of inhomogeneity in the range under different conditions. Findings of this study suggest that: (1) top-wide and bottom-narrow fractures are more preferable for homogenous sanding in the early stage of proppant injection, and top-narrow and bottom-wide fractures are best for sanding in the later stage; (2) the viscosity of fracturing fluid is the most influential factor on proppant migration and sedimentation, which increases in the range of 100 mPa.s to enhance the sweeping range and homogeneity of proppant sanding and therefore achieve a better fracturing effect.
Multistage Supply Chain Channel Principal-Agent Model in the Context of e-Commerce With Fairness Preference
Authors: Liu Xin , Xu Zhen , Zhang Qingxia , Zhou Liang
Published: January 2024

This research aims to investigate information asymmetry in e-commerce supply chain channels and the impact of the fair preference model on the behavior and returns of channel members. Therefore, by contrasting it with the model in the completely rational case, this research establishes a more realistic principal-agent model and incorporates the fair preference model into the e-commerce supply chain channel. According to the model’s analysis, the effort level of the retailer at each stage is positively correlated with the e-commerce efficiency coefficient, and the incentive coefficient of manufacturers is positively correlated with the e-commerce efficiency coefficient in the case where all rationality is assumed. Manufacturing companies’ anticipated profits are positively correlated with the e-commerce efficiency coefficient. According to the fair preference model, retailers will put forth more effort to sell products when their fixed income from manufacturers is higher and their optimal effort level is positively correlated with that income. When e-commerce’s efficiency coefficient is higher than 1, the retailer’s revenue and effort exceeded those of traditional channels. Manufacturers and retailers both experience Pareto improvements in their earnings after the fair preference model is introduced.
Personality traits and identity statuses as predictors of personality functioning in mid and late adolescence
Authors: Sayegh Mona Ghazi , El-Nayal Mayssah Ahmad
Published: January 2024

This study had four objectives: (a) examining the sex-related differences in the level of personality functioning (LOPF), (b) exploring the association between personality traits (PT) and LOPF, (c) exploring the association between identity statuses (IS) and LOPF, (d) exploring whether PT and IS can predict LOPF. A sample of 1450 students aged 15–21 years from high schools and universities from all the governorates of Lebanon participated in this online study. The Arabic version of three measures were used: (a) Revised Personality Inventory: Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, EXtraversion, Agreeableness (versus Anger), Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience (HEXACO) – PI – R, (b) Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOM-EIS), (c) Level of Personality Functioning Screener- Brief Form 2.0 (LOPF-BF-2.0) were rated for the sample. Results showed no statistical differences in LOPF between males and females; IS and LOPF were correlated similarly in both males and females except for Achievement (Ach), which did not correlate significantly with LOPF in males, but correlated negatively and significantly among females. Conversely, Moratorium (M), Foreclosure (F) and Diffusion (D) correlated positively with LOPF in both males and females. All Identity statuses could predict LOPF, except for F; likewise, all personality dimensions Humility (H), Extraversion (X), Agreeableness (A), and Conscientiousness (C) could predict LOPF except for Openness to experience (O). Implications of the results are discussed.
Reduction mammoplasty and mastopexy for multiple bilateral fibroadenomas: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhao Lu , Yang Lei , Yin Qian
Published: January 2024

Treatment of multiple benign breast nodules is sometimes challenging with respect to establishing a surgical plan that achieves both therapeutic and cosmetic goals. Successful application of oncoplastic techniques has been reported in selected cases of benign breast lesions. In this case report, we present the surgical treatment and outcome of a patient with multiple fibroadenomas in ptotic and voluminous breasts. A combined procedure of extensive glandular resection and reduction mammoplasty using a modified vertical pedicle technique was performed on this patient, who desired complete lesion removal, volume reduction, and mastopexy. The cosmetic result was satisfactory at both the short- and mid-term follow-up. In addition, different techniques applied in the treatment of breast fibroadenoma are herein reviewed and discussed.
Teaching without PowerPoint slides in engineering: A pilot study
Authors: Kara-Mohamed Mohamed
Published: January 2024

Using PowerPoints slides (PPT) to deliver lectures has become the norm and common practice in academia over the last decade. Despite the benefits of PPT in providing smooth presentations and helping to prompt the presenter, the use of slides in engineering teaching has its own drawbacks. By using slides in teaching, the information will be provided in a discontinued and very abstract format. However, as a matter of fact, students mainly depend on lecturing slides in their learning and only use the slides to prepare for their exams. Students rarely read beyond what is given in the slides or refer to the reading list for more in-depth knowledge. This creates a gap in knowledge, affects the overall student experience and, to a certain level, affects graduate employment. In this paper, we review a pilot experiment to test a new teaching theme in engineering with no PPT slides. This was implemented for a Level 4 module, Mechatronics 1, which is a newly developed module in the Mechanical/Marine Engineering programmes at Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. The outcome of this practice is evaluated with the focus on student views, assessment results, and overall assessment of this style of teaching.
Modified Mason-Allen vs Two Simple Stitch Fixation for Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Boksh Khalis , Martins Andre , Elbashir Mohamed , Boutefnouchet Tarek , Aujla Randeep
Published: January 2024

Background:

Various suture configurations are available for medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) repair. The modified Mason-Allen (MMA) technique has been proposed as a refixation technique for MMPRT instead of the conventional 2 simple stitches (TSS). This is in view of its superior biomechanical characteristics.

Purpose:

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare MMA and TSS configuration techniques for MMPRT repair and identify any differences between the 2 techniques in terms of clinical outcomes, medial meniscal extrusion (MME), and postoperative healing.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases were used to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria with the following search terms: (“meniscus” OR “meniscal injuries”) AND (“Mason-Allen” OR “simple stitch” OR “suture techniques”). Data pertaining to all patient-reported outcome measures, postoperative complications, MME, postoperative healing, cartilage degeneration, and progression of knee osteoarthritis were extracted from each study. The pooled outcome data were analyzed using random- and fixed-effects models.

Results:

After abstract and full-text screening, 6 clinical studies were included. In total, there were 291 patients; 160 underwent MMA fixation, and 131 underwent the TSS technique. The majority of studies had similar surgical techniques regarding repair technique, suture material, tibial fixation, and number and position of tibial tunnels. There were no differences between the groups in terms of patient-reported outcome measures at 14.2 months. Both techniques were also similar in the degree of postoperative MME and meniscal healing.

Conclusion:

Both suture configurations were equivalent in terms of clinical outcomes, the extent of meniscal extrusion, and postoperative healing. The TSS technique may offer advantages in terms of faster learning curve and shorter operative time. However, randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes, longer follow-up and assessment of chondral degeneration, and presence of knee osteoarthritis are required to assess whether a true difference exists, as the majority of included studies were limited by their retrospective design.
Strategies for decellularization, re-cellularIzation and crosslinking in liver bioengineering
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Jin Xiaojun
Published: January 2024

Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease and its availability is restricted by organ donor shortages. The development of liver bioengineering provides the probability to create a functional alternative to reduce the gap in organ demand and supply. Decellularized liver scaffolds have been widely applied in bioengineering because they can mimic the native liver microenvironment and retain extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Multiple approaches including chemical, physical and biological methods have been developed for liver decellularization in current studies, but a full set of unified criteria has not yet been established. Each method has its advantages and drawbacks that influence the microstructure and ligand landscape of decellularized liver scaffolds. Optimizing a decellularization method to eliminate cell material while retaining as much of the ECM intact as possible is therefore important for biological scaffold applications. Furthermore, crosslinking strategies can improve the biological performance of scaffolds, including reinforcing biomechanics, delaying degradation in vivo and reducing immune rejection, which can better promote the integration of re-cellularized scaffolds with host tissue and influence the reconstruction process. In this review, we aim to present the different liver decellularization techniques, the crosslinking methods to improve scaffold characteristics with crosslinking and the preparation of soluble ECM.
Differences Between Girls and Boys in the Disclosure of Sexual Violence
Authors: Hietamäki Johanna , Husso Marita , Arponen Tiia , Lahtinen Hanna-Mari
Published: January 2024

This article addresses the differences between girls and boys in the disclosure of sexual violence. The dataset combines data from the Finnish Child Victim Survey (FCVS) of 2008 ( N = 13,459) and 2013 ( N = 11,364), focusing on victims of sexual violence, ages 11 to 17 years, from the perspectives of disclosure and gender. Frequency and percentage analysis, cross tabulation, and a Chi-square test were used in the analysis. In the FCVS for both years, around 85% of the victims were girls. In almost two-thirds of the cases, the offender was a relative, friend, or some other known person, while in more than one-third of the cases, the offender was unknown to the victim. The second most common case was that the victim knew the offender, who was not, however, a friend. Sexual violence was found to be, in many ways, gendered. Most of the victims were girls, and most of the offenders were men. There was also a gender difference in the disclosure of experiences. Twenty-one percent of the girls and 45% of the boys reported that they had not told anyone about their experiences. Irrespective of the type of offender, the victims most often (63%) told a peer about their experiences, while 23% told parents, and only 10% told authorities. Moreover, victims reported shame and fear, distrust toward adults, and disbelief that disclosure would be helpful as reasons for not disclosing their experiences. To address this problem, raising awareness of the phenomenon, promoting an atmosphere that supports disclosing experiences of sexual violence, and improving readiness to address them are required.
Bullying at School and Students’ Learning Outcomes: International Perspective and Gender Analysis
Authors: Gimenez Gregorio , Mediavilla Mauro , Giuliodori David , Rusteholz Gisela Carolina
Published: January 2024

The present study empirically investigates how school-based bullying victimization affects students’ learning outcomes, taking into consideration international and gender perspectives. The main objective of the present research is to provide a better understanding of the consequences of bullying victimization in the learning process of adolescents. We estimate a statistical function that empirically establishes the relationship between the students’ outcomes in mathematics, reading, and science (output) and a wide set of explanatory variables (educational factors), one of which is that of being bullied. The present study uses a large sample of 612,004 students between 15 and 16 years old, attending 21,903 schools in 79 countries. The data come from the 2018 round of the Programme for International Student Assessment. The results indicate that bullying victimization is associated with decreases in academic achievement in mathematics, reading, and science. In addition, no relevant differences by gender are observed in reading and science but, other factors being equal, bullied males score less than bullied females in mathematics.
Investigating Turnover Intentions During Organizational Change: The Role of Negative Appraisals, Psychological Contract Violation, and Resistance to Change
Authors: Walk Marlene , Stewart Amanda J. , Kuenzi Kerry
Published: January 2024

COVID-19 has been regarded as environmental disruption that catalyzed a multitude of organizational changes in nonprofit organizations. This study centers on the nonprofit workers’ experience of change. Specifically, this study investigates to what extent and how negative appraisals in the midst of the pandemic are related to intentions to leave the organization about a year after the start of the pandemic, at a point in time when the initial shock had settled into a sense of the “new normal.” Findings indicate that harm but not threat appraisals predict psychological contract violation and that psychological contract violation is related to behavioral resistance to change as well as intentions to leave. Unexpectedly, neither threat appraisal nor resistance to change was related to turnover intentions. We discuss contributions to theory, research, and practice.
CMT-WAAM deposition strategies for thin overhanging disc of SS308LSi and investigation of mechanical and microstructural characteristics
Authors: Koppu Anand Kumar , Lautre Nitin Kumar , Motwani Amit , Hajare Dipak
Published: January 2024

This work investigates the deposition strategies with microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of SS308LSi overhanging disc produced by CMT-WAAM in horizontal position. The disc was deposited on a rotating cylindrical substrate where three primary geometrical abnormalities named sagging, start and end defect and humping were observed. The causes and remedial strategies were investigated to eliminate these abnormalities. Microstructure analysis of the layers cross section revealed a defect free layer depositions and columnar solidification with epitaxial grain growth. A very slightly coarser grains structure is observed in the middle layers of the disc compared to that of bottom and top regions. The microhardness at bottom, mid and top regions are in the range of 236 ± 9.2 HV, 227 ± 11.3 HV and 232 ± 6 HV, respectively. The microhardness values are consistent with the calculated SDAS along the build direction. Tensile tests were performed at room temperature and the samples failed with an average yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and percentage of elongation of 391.4 ± 21 MPa, 616.8 ± 19.5 MPa and 45.6 ± 0.8% respectively. This work reveals that CMT-WAAM can successfully produce overhanging disc components of high-quality without using an industrial robot at a relatively low cost.
Optimisation and study of a welding process for aluminium and galvanised steel based on resistance welding
Authors: Chen Lei , Liu Jizhong
Published: January 2024

In this study, taking six-series aluminium alloy and DC06 galvanised steel resistance spot welding as the object of study, the impacts of the electrode cap shape and process parameters on the joint welding performance were analysed, and the electrode cap was optimised. The optimised process parameters involved the use of spherical asymmetric electrodes and a pre-welding preheating step for zinc extrusion treatment, followed by a double pulse for welding. The optimal parameters resulted in an aluminium/steel spot welding head average pull shear failure load of 2858.7 N and aluminium/aluminium spot welding head failure force of 2436 N, reaching 117.3% of its original value. The minimum force value (2253.4 N) was greater than 92.5%, and the failure section was all from the aluminium side in parent material button failure, achieving good final results.
Experimental comparison of leveling control schemes for the hyperstatic-leg support platform
Authors: Wu Zhenhua , Zhang Fan , Nie Zhenqi , Cai Jintian , Li Chu
Published: January 2024

Leveling control for the platform with four or more legs is the technical mainstay in outrigger leveling of truck cranes, height and leveling control of vehicles, etc. Due to the “implicated coupling” between the platform and legs, the addition of one leg will cause a significant increase in leveling time, severe oscillations in leveling process, deterioration in accuracy and stability, and even leveling failure. For evaluating and selecting an appropriate leveling control scheme, in terms of leveling theory, three control schemes based on the dominant point chasing principle, That is, lowest-point regulation, cyclic regulation, and synchronous regulation, are studied, in which the virtual leg compensation is carefully considered. More importantly, coupling control schemes of independent geometry leveling (GCC), and synchronous geometry leveling and load uniforming (G&LCC), are proposed relying on linearized coupling models established by our team. In terms of verification, considering the elastic deformation reality, electro-mechanical bench tests are conducted for a six-elastic leg support elastic platform. Results confirm that the synchronous regulation has advantages from speed, stability, and safety. And the G&LCC scheme by synchronous regulation has obvious advantages in terms of leveling accuracy, speed, load controllability, and process convergence, and is of good application value for accurate, fast, and reliable leveling of hyperstatic-leg support platforms.
Impact of coupled effects of airtight components at variable cross-section location on vehicle airtightness in Wuhan metro
Authors: Li Yang , Liu You-mei
Published: January 2024

To determine the variation in airtightness performance of metro trains under the coupling state of airtight components, a field-based experimental approach was employed to test the air pressure changes during metro train operations. The study analyzed the impact of the coupling effects of the air conditioning pressure wave protection valve, pneumatic auxiliary door lock devices, and passageway drainage plug on the interior pressure changes of the train while operating in challenging environmental conditions. Following industry standards, the assessment evaluated whether the rate of interior pressure change and the train’s dynamic sealing index met the specified requirements. The findings indicate that, with airtight components in an enabled state, the peak-to-peak value of interior pressure change relative to external pressure change decreased by 15% to 39%. Conversely, when airtight components were not enabled, the reduction was only 0% to 25%. Under enabled airtight component conditions, the train’s dynamic sealing index was within the 2-3 s range, whereas in the disabled state, the dynamic sealing index was less than 1 s. The activation of airtight components plays a crucial role in improving train airtightness by significantly reducing the amplitude of interior pressure changes, thereby ensuring both train airtightness and passenger comfort. The results provide valuable insights for the optimization of train design and operation in order to maintain passenger safety and comfort.
An unusual co-reactivation of herpes genitalis and shingles in a young male with primary genital herpes in partner
Authors: Sadhukhan Subhajit , Patra Suman , Gadepalli Ravisekhar , Kaur Maninder
Published: January 2024

Background

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the most common cause of genital ulcers in industrialized countries. Herpes zoster (HZ) is an acute, cutaneous viral infection caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

Case Summary

A 27-year-old male presented with painful vesicles over the trunk for the last 5 days with painful genital erosions for the last 2 days. His spouse also developed painful genital erosions with systemic complaints for the last 2 days. VZV Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) from trunk vesicles and type-specific anti-HSV antibody from serum were positive from the index case.

Discussion

Here, we report an unusual case of co-reactivation of herpes zoster and genitalis in an immunocompetent male. We recommend the use of molecular testing to confirm the diagnosis of VZV or HSV infection in all cases of genital herpes–like lesions to exclude multi-segmental herpes zoster.
Mitigating Cross-Species Viral Infections in Xenotransplantation: Progress, Strategies, and Clinical Outlook
Authors: Zhou Yenong , Zhou Shuyu , Wang Qian , Zhang Bing
Published: January 2024

Xenotransplantation holds great promise as a solution to address the critical shortage of organs, but it raises concerns regarding the potential transmission of porcine viruses to recipients, leading to infections and even zoonotic diseases. Data used in this review were mainly from literature of Pubmed database. Keywords included xenotransplantation, infection, virus, and epidemiology. The original articles and critical reviews selected were relevant to this review’s theme. We review the major viral infections of concern in xenotransplantation, their risk of transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and ways to prevent infection. Then, we pivot to a comprehensive overview of the current status of xenotransplantation. In addition, we offer our own insights and recommendations for propelling xenotransplantation forward, transitioning from preclinical experiments to the critical phase of clinical trials. Viral infections pose considerable safety concerns within xenotransplantation, particularly with the possibility of emerging or currently unidentified viruses. Clinical trials serve as a crucial platform to progress the safety standards of xenotransplantation. However, further studies and dedicated efforts are required to effectively translate findings into practical applications that can improve safety measures in this field.
Improving feedstock quality control in formaldehyde-based resin and wood-based panel production through near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Magalhães Roberto , Paiva Nádia T , Ferra João M , Magalhães Fernão D , Martins F G
Published: January 2024

To assure the quality control of industrial processes, it is important to adopt reproducible and efficient methodologies. Spectroscopic methods, such as near infrared (NIR), are a good option as they are fast and may be used to indirectly estimate multiple physicochemical properties. In this study, NIR spectra of key feedstock samples used in the production of formaldehyde-based resin and wood-based panels, namely urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, and acetic acid, were acquired. Multivariate data analysis was applied to establish the correlation between the spectra and the properties being measured. Quantitative models were then created using partial least squares regression to predict the concentrations of feedstock samples. This study presents quantitative models that were created by combining spectra measured on two probes, which achieved similar prediction results as single-probe based models. The performances of the best models were compared with the reference methods for each of the evaluated samples. For the samples under study, the proposed approach is suitable for routine analysis across multiple equipment configurations using the same quantitative model. NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric models could be a valuable complement to support in-line raw material monitoring and plant digitalization in the wood panels industry.
Private Patriarchy’s Impact on Women’s Careers: Through Kaleidoscope Career Model Lens
Authors: Ashraf Farzana , Jepsen Denise
Published: January 2024

Women in patriarchal societies are often oppressed in a variety of ways both inside and outside the home. Although public patriarchy is known as a key impediment to women’s progression, how private patriarchy impacts women’s professional lives is yet to be understood. This study adopts the kaleidoscope career model (KCM) lens to investigate private patriarchy’s impact on women’s careers. Semi-structured interviews with 40 educated and professional Bangladeshi women reveal that these women experience private patriarchy directly and indirectly in the forms of discriminatory gender expectations, unequal marital power and society-imposed familial oppression. While pre-marital household restrictions and discrimination can impact the job performance of married women, the progress and continuity of their careers in patriarchal societies hinge upon obtaining consent to work from both their husbands and parents-in-law. Results from this first study combining KCM and patriarchy indicate that the interplay of career authenticity, balance and challenge may not necessarily correspond to distinct career stages. Rather, it is observed that professional women’s direct, indirect and no experiences of private patriarchy shape their career priorities in a patriarchal context.
An efficient penalty function method for scenario-based uncertainty quantification problems
Authors: Liao Haitao , Yuan Wenhao , Gao Ruxin , Yuan Xujin
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes an efficient penalty function method to transform constrained optimization problems into unconstrained ones without introducing Lagrange multipliers or slack variables. The method designs new activation and loss penalty functions for inequality and equality functional models and establishes a non-Lagrangian-constrained optimization method. A novel optimality condition independent of any additional variables and equivalent to the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition is introduced. Additionally, a scenario constraint handling method that does not rely on slack variables is proposed. Compared to soft constraint optimization methods, the proposed method can easily handle numerous scenario constraints. Two examples are used to compare the results with those in the literature, verifying the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method. Finally, the method is applied to three scenario-based uncertainty quantification problems, including a trigonometric function affected by a noise term, the dynamic performance of a black-box system controller, and the frequency response of a damaged suspension arm. The results demonstrate that the proposed penalty function method can effectively solve scenario-based uncertainty quantification problems with many constraints and improve computational efficiency, providing a new method and means for addressing uncertainty quantification optimization problems in engineering.
Continuous robust controller with fixed convergence time for synchronization of perturbed nonlinear transducers
Authors: Padar Naser , Asadollahi Mostafa , Mirzaei Mohammad Javad , Suratgar Amir Abolfazl
Published: January 2024

The synchronization of two chaotic electrostatic and electromechanical transducers is addressed via a continuous terminal sliding-mode control (SMC) strategy. Recently, fixed-time convergence has received increased attention among scholars. The convergence time with this type of controller has an upper bound independent of the initial conditions. In this regard, two fixed-time sliding variables are proposed to design a robust continuous controller having a fixed-time convergence feature. Then, a robust SMC control is formulated to steer the error states onto the sliding surfaces despite the external disturbances and model uncertainties. Due to the continuous structure of the designed strategy, the proposed controller is chattering-free, which is essential in many practical applications. The convergence proof for the continuous robust controller based on the Lyapunov stability theory has been presented. Finally, a comparison of the proposed approach with existing methods has been illustrated through simulation results to demonstrate its superiority.
Happiness is In The Air if It Grows Growing Places are Happier than Shrinking ones
Authors: Okulicz-Kozaryn Adam , Everett Brian K. , Mikhaeil Ebshoy
Published: January 2024

We study the effect of population change on subjective wellbeing (SWB) using over 100,000 observations from behavioral risk factor surveillance system representative of 392 US counties. SWB correlates higher with population change (0.4) than with county-level crime (-0.25) and income (0.2). The relative ecological strong effect size holds in regressions controlling for person-level and county-level predictors of SWB-population change is one of the strongest ecological predictors of SWB. While ecological variables have a smaller effect on individual SWB than person-level variables, their total combined population effect is large. This is only the second study on the effect of population change of a city/county on its residents’ happiness. Such a gap in the literature is remarkable—we call for more research in this area and present directions for future research. As in any nonexperimental study, results are not causal. And results may not generalize beyond the US population studied.
The risk of pocket infection or bloodstream infection following central venous port placement for the patients with Cetuximab therapy
Authors: Sueyoshi Shintaro , Ono Takeharu , Chitose Shun-ichi , Fukahori Mioko , Kurita Takashi , Umeno Hirohito
Published: January 2024

Objective

Cetuximab is a molecular targeted drug that targets epithelial growth factor receptors. The skin toxicity of cetuximab arising from epithelial growth factor inhibition is well known. Some patients with cetuximab therapy decided to make central venous port during the long-term intravenous treatments. Therefore, the author hypothesized that cetuximab administration might increase the risk of central venous port-related infection due to damage to skin barrier function. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between cetuximab administration and central venous port-related infection.

Methods

A total of 83 patients had a central venous port placed from 2016 through 2021. We analyzed, retrospectively, the relationship between cetuximab therapy and the incidence of central venous port-related infection involving central line-associated bloodstream infection and pocket infection. Additionally, the risk factors of central venous port-related infection were examined in the population undergoing cetuximab therapy.

Results

In total populations (83 cases), central line-associated bloodstream infection happened in five patients (6%) and pocket infection happened in six patients (7%) after central venous port placement. In the cetuximab therapy group (45 cases), there were four patients with central line-associated bloodstream infection (9%) and six with pocket infection (13%). The pocket infection happened more frequently in the cetuximab group than the other group with significant differences. Additionally, in the cetuximab group, the patients who had an interval of less than seven days between central venous port placement and cetuximab dosing, or central venous port placement preceded by cetuximab dosing had more pocket infection with significant differences.

Conclusion

Skin complications after the central venous port placement were related to cetuximab administration and the timing of cetuximab therapy.
Successful desensitization in a patient with recurrent anaplastic oligodendroglioma presenting with procarbazine-mediated anaphylaxis
Authors: Kayikçi Hazal , Can Bostan Özge , Tuncay Gülseren , Cihanbeylerden Melek , Tüccar Çise , Damadoglu Ebru , Karakaya Gül , Kalyoncu Ali Fuat
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Procarbazine is an oral chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of brain malignancies and is associated with hypersensitivity reactions. In case of grade 4 reactions, rechallenge should be avoided, and the agent should be replaced, unless the treatment is curative, in which case the application of a desensitization protocol should be considered. We present a successful case of desensitization in procarbazine anaphylaxis.

Case report

A 53-year-old male patient was diagnosed with recurrent anaplastic oligodendroglioblastoma. The patient received three cycles of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy for malignancy recurrence. In the fourth cycle, on the 12th day of procarbazine treatment, the patient developed anaphylaxis. Procarbazine was given together with premedication as part of the 12-step desensitization process, and the fourth cycle was successfully completed.

Management and outcome

Procarbazine hypersensitivity reactions are observed less frequently than reactions to other chemotherapeutics. We presented a case of procarbazine-associated severe anaphylaxis that was able to continue procarbazine chemotherapy with successful desensitization. This case is important in terms of confirming the procarbazine desensitization protocol.

Discussion

In literature there is only one protocol developed was successfully applied in one patient with procarbazine anaphylaxis. In the current case, we took this protocol into consideration in the management of our patient. Following the use of this protocol, the patient was able to continue procarbazine chemotherapy successfully. Procarbazine anaphylaxis is rare, and more cases are needed to be reported to confirm the desensitization protocol and when to continue procarbazine treatment.