bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Problem of Hell: A Thomistic Critique of David Bentley Hart’s NeceSsitarian Universalism
Authors: Wahlberg Mats
Published: September 2022

David Bentley Hart has recently argued that universal salvation is a metaphysically necessary outcome of God’s act of creating rational beings. A crucial premise of Hart’s argument is a compatibilist view of free will, according to which God can determine human choices without taking away their freedom. This view constitutes common ground between Hart and the tradition of classical Thomism, which emphasizes the non‐competitive relation between human freedom and God’s universal causality. Unfortunately, Thomistic compatibilism undermines the so‐called Free Will Defense, which is often considered to be the only viable way of responding to contemporary criticism of the doctrine of hell. Can the existence of hell be reconciled with God’s goodness given a Thomistic conception of rational freedom? This question is of interest not only to followers of Aquinas but to anyone who rejects a ‘zero‐sum competition’ between freedom and grace, and who also believes that divine revelation confirms the possibility of perdition. The present article proposes an alternative to the Free Will Defense—called The Thomistic Autonomy Defense—which aims to block Hart’s arguments for the necessity of universal salvation.
Approaches to nutrition intervention in plaque psoriasis, a multi‐system inflammatory disease—The Diet and Psoriasis Project (DIEPP)
Authors: Zanesco Sylvia , Hall Wendy , Gibson Rachel , Griffiths Christopher , Maruthappu Thiviyani
Published: September 2022

Psoriasis is an immune‐mediated inflammatory skin disease affecting approximately 2% of the UK population. Its pathogenesis is suggested to be an outcome of genetic and environmental interplay. People with psoriasis have an increased likelihood of developing other conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Systemic inflammation is hypothesised to be the common link between psoriasis and cardio‐metabolic diseases. Emerging evidence shows diet as a potential therapeutic adjunct in the management of psoriasis. TheDiet and Psoriasis Project(DIEPP) aims to investigate whether dietary factors are related to psoriasis severity by conducting an observational study followed by a dietary intervention trial, to assess the effect of the Mediterranean diet (MedD) and time‐restricted eating (TRE) on psoriasis. This review article will explore the potential mechanisms by which the MedD and TRE may exert protective effects on psoriasis, evaluate the current evidence, and outline the design of the DIEPP. Given the early‐stage evidence, we hope to be able to build knowledge to derive medically approved dietary recommendations and contribute to the research gaps exploring the role of diet and psoriasis.
Tolerability, gastric emptying patterns, and symptoms during the Nottingham Test Meal in 330 secondary care non‐diabetic dyspeptic patients
Authors: Hay Peter D. , Corsetti Maura , Tucker Emily , Fox Mark R. , Perkins Alan
Published: September 2022

Background

Scintigraphy is used for overall assessment of gastric emptying. Adherence to an international consensus protocol is recommended to ensure quality; however, this has not been widely adopted because preparation of the “egg‐beater” meal is inconvenient in clinical practice. In this report, we audit the tolerability and the results of gastric emptying scintigraphy with the 400 ml Tc‐99 m‐labeled liquid nutrient Nottingham Test Meal (NTM).

Methods

Results from 330 consecutive adult, non‐diabetic patients with dyspeptic symptoms referred for gastric scintigraphy were analyzed. Gastric half‐emptying time (T50) and validated measurements of early‐ and late‐phase gastric emptying were acquired. Postprandial sensations of fullness, bloating, heartburn, nausea, and epigastric pain were recorded using 100 mm visual analog scales (VAS) before and 0, 30, and 90 min after NTM ingestion. Results were compared with those previously obtained in healthy subjects.

Key Results

Almost all (98%) of the patients were able to consume the 400 ml NTM. Considering early‐ and late‐phase gastric emptying, frequently observed patterns included normal early‐ with slow late‐phase (25%) and fast early‐ with slow late‐phase emptying (27%). Abnormal score of fullness and/ or dyspeptic symptoms were observed in 88% of dyspeptic patients. Abnormal fullness at T0 (after completed drink ingestion) was associated with slow late phase of gastric emptying, especially in women.

Conclusions

Gastric scintigraphy with the NTM is simple to perform and well tolerated. Whether the identified abnormal gastric emptying patterns could predict different treatment outcome in patients with functional dyspepsia is the subject of ongoing prospective studies.
Verification of the Mandarin Chinese version of Advance Care Planning Engagement Survey Scale in community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Liu Dongling , Zhang Lingli , Li Jiayin , Wang Zicheng , Liu Xuebing , Zhang Qiongwen
Published: September 2022

Background

Advance care planning (ACP) has become increasingly critical for older people. The Advance Care Planning Engagement Survey (ACPES) develops targeted interventions for older people by measuring ACP‐related behaviours, while previous studies focus only on advance directives. Moreover, while ACPES has English and Dutch versions, it does not yet have a Mandarin Chinese version (ACPES‐MC) that can be used for Chinese populations.

Objectives

To translate the ACPES into Mandarin Chinese and test its reliability and validity in community‐dwelling older people with chronic diseases.

Methods

The English version of the ACPES was translated into Mandarin Chinese using Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy. Four communities were recruited in central China (N = 450) by convenience sampling. Internal consistency and construct validity were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the ACPES‐MC.

Results

The ACPES‐MC consists of 34 items across five domains, with good internal consistency (0.817), with each dimension ranging from 0.606 to 0.881; exploratory factor analysis was distributed to four different factors and the total variance explained was 63.537%; and confirmatory factor analysis results showed that χ2 = 3791.131 (p < .001), χ2/df = 1.106, CFI = 0.980, IFI = 0.980, NFI = 0.827 and RMR = 0.027, indicating a good model fit to previous factor structures.

Conclusions

The ACPES‐MC is an effective and reliable tool that can measure the ACP‐related behaviour stage of community‐dwelling older people and evaluate the effect of ACP intervention.

Implications for practice

The ACPES‐MC can be used in healthcare to identify potential ACP‐related behaviours in community‐dwelling older people with chronic diseases, including native and ethnic Chinese, evaluate their behaviour change stages and promote the application of ACP.
Impact of cybersecurity on operations and supply chain management: Emerging trends and future research directions
Authors: Kumar Subodha , Mallipeddi Rakesh R.
Published: September 2022

The new age economy is primarily driven by Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0, which facilitate smartification of organizations by helping them integrate and automate decision making. Recent advances in information and communication technologies, such as the cloud, big data, Internet of things, and artificial intelligence and nanotechnology, have accelerated the adoption of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0. Because of these advancements, organizations are now facing new challenges in the form of cybersecurity risks that are partly caused by these technologies. In recent years, there has been a spike in the number of cyberattacks, and organizations are taking steps to minimize the impacts of these attacks. To address this critical issue, in this article, we discuss possible future research directions that production and operations management (POM) researchers can undertake to help organizations, supply chains, and governments develop robust strategies for reducing the number of attacks and their repercussions. In particular, we identify several avenues for future research in the following domains of POM: (1) global operations strategy, (2) healthcare operations management, (3) public policy, (4) management of technology, (5) supply chain management, and (6) disruptive technologies. Research on the topic of cybersecurity is not only an opportunity for operations management researchers but also critical for industry and society to overcome the challenges of cybersecurity risks.
Inferring sleep disturbance from text messages of suicide attempt survivors: A pilot study
Authors: Ladis Ilana , Valladares Tara L. , Coppersmith Daniel D. L. , Glenn Jeffrey J. , Nobles Alicia L. , Barnes Laura E. , Teachman Bethany A.
Published: September 2022

Objective

Identifying digital markers of sleep disturbance—a known suicide risk factor—may aid in the detection of imminent suicide risk. This study examined sleep‐related communication and texting patterns in personal text messages (N = 86,705) of suicide attempt survivors.

Method

Twenty‐six participants provided dates of past suicide attempts and 2‐week periods of positive mood, depressed mood, or suicidal ideation. Linguistic Inquiry Word Count was used to identify sleep‐related texts via a custom dictionary. Mixed effect models were fitted to test the association between suicide/mood episode type (e.g., attempt versus ideation) and three outcomes: likelihood of a text including sleep‐related content, nightly count of texts sent from midnight to 5:00 AM, and sum of unique hour bins from midnight to 5:00 AM with outgoing texts.

Results

Analyses with a sleep dictionary that was manually revised to be more accurate (but not the original unedited dictionary) showed sleep‐related communication was more likely during depressed mood episodes than positive mood episodes. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in sleep‐related communication or objective texting patterns across episode type.

Conclusions

Although we did not detect differences in sleep‐related communication tied to suicidal thoughts or behaviors, sleep‐related communication may differ as a function of within‐person mood level.
Evaluation of blood thiamine concentration in hospitalized dogs with and without critical illness
Authors: Lane Selena L. , Dowgos Nicole M. , Brainard Benjamin M.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To evaluate blood thiamine concentration in healthy and critically ill hospitalized dogs over 72 hours of hospitalization and to identify any association of thiamine concentration with patient morbidity and mortality.

Design

Prospective, observational, clinical study.

Setting

University veterinary teaching hospital.

Animals

Thirty‐one hospitalized healthy dogs and 37 dogs with critical illness. Dogs with critical illness had nonseptic (n = 24) or septic (n = 13) etiologies.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

Whole blood EDTA samples were collected within 24 hours of admission and 72 hours later. Samples were stored at –80°C and batch analyzed. Total thiamine (tB1) and thiamine diphosphate (TDP) concentrations were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and free thiamine concentration was determined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Collected patient data included CBC, biochemistry profile, plasma lactate concentration, shock index, Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation Score (APPLEfast) score, comorbid conditions, and patient outcome. Approximately 92% of tB1 present in whole blood is measured as TDP. TDP concentration was strongly correlated with tB1 (R = 0.97, P < 0.0001). Thiamine concentration, represented by TDP, was not different at admission or at 72 hours in all dogs. TDP concentration was lower in septic dogs requiring surgery at admission (P = 0.044) and 72 hours later (P = 0.008), compared to dogs not requiring surgery. TDP concentration was not different between dogs with and without stable chronic diseases at any time point. Older dogs had lower TDP concentration. Positive correlations were seen between TDP and body weight, APPLEfast score, and WBC count. Critically ill dogs with lower admission plasma lactate concentration were more likely to have an increase in thiamine over time (P = 0.0142).

Conclusions

Differences in thiamine concentration were not identified in hospitalized healthy or critically ill dogs. Further investigation into the clinical relevance of thiamine deficiency is indicated in septic dogs undergoing surgery.
Comparison of clinical outcomes in cases of blunt, penetrating, and combination trauma in dogs: A VetCOT registry study
Authors: Davros Akaterina M. , Gregory Carly W. , Cockrell Darren M. , Hall Kelly E.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To evaluate outcome (survival to discharge) among trauma types (blunt, penetrating, both) in dogs. The secondary objective was to evaluate if other trauma registry parameters differ between trauma types and influence survival.

Design

Retrospective evaluation of veterinary trauma registry data.

Setting

Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) identified Veterinary Trauma Centers (VTCs).

Animals

A total of 20,289 canine trauma patients with data entered in the VetCOT trauma registry from April 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

Data were obtained from the VetCOT database and included patient demographics, trauma type (blunt, penetrating, both), Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) score, modified Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS), abdominal fluid score (AFS), loss of glide sign on thoracic focused assessment with sonography for trauma (TFAST), pleural effusion on TFAST, surgical procedure performed and in what location (emergency room vs operating room), and outcome. Data from 20,289 dogs were collected over a 30‐month period. The most common type of trauma was penetrating (10,816, 53.3%), followed by blunt (8360, 41.2%) and then combined blunt and penetrating trauma (1113, 5.5%). Dogs suffering only penetrating trauma had a 96.5% survival rate, blunt trauma had an 89.5% survival rate, and combined trauma had an 86.3% survival rate. Dogs suffering from both types of trauma had higher ATT scores, lower mGCS scores, and were more likely to be admitted to the ICU. Trauma type, mGCS, and ATT score were found to be associated with survival.

Conclusions

The present study highlights that dogs suffering from a combination of blunt and penetrating trauma are more likely to suffer moderate to severe injuries, have lower survival rates, and are more likely to be admitted to the ICU compared to dogs suffering from only blunt or penetrating trauma. Trauma type, mGCS, and ATT scores were found to be associated with survival in all groups.
The use of intralipid emulsion therapy to treat status epilepticus in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) secondary to severe ivermectin toxicity
Authors: Ebel Jennifer J. , Gannon Kristi , Kraenzlin Mara
Published: September 2022

Objective

To describe the successful management of ivermectin‐induced status epilepticus in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) with intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy.

Case Summary

A 5‐week‐old, female intact guinea pig was presented to an emergency hospital for status epilepticus 24 hours after oral administration of ivermectin. Approximately 48 hours after exposure, ILE therapy was administered. Within 12–16 hours after ILE therapy, seizures had stopped and the patient's mentation returned to normal. The definitive diagnosis was based on owner history, clinical presentation, and American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals poison control guidelines.

New or Unique Information Provided

The use of intralipid therapy has been widely documented as a treatment option for numerous toxicities. Its efficacy in treatment for toxicities in both veterinary and human medicines has been well described in various case reports and studies. However, its use and success in small mammals have yet to be documented. In this case report, intralipid therapy is used to successfully treat a seizuring guinea pig that was administered a severely toxic dose of ivermectin. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on the successful use of intralipids in a guinea pig from ivermectin toxicosis.
Risk and Governance Strategies: China's Big Data Policing in the Context of Marxian Alienation Theory
Authors: Zhang Shuang
Published: September 2022

Big data technology has been deeply integrated into all areas of society and has had a profound impact on all areas. Big data technology has also brought a series of impacts, some even disruptive to the justice sector. In judicial activities, police departments in various countries are using big data technology extensively in two functions: crime prevention and crime fighting. In crime prevention, big data technology is mainly used to predict where crimes are likely to be committed and the subjects or victims of the crimes that are likely to be committed. In crime fighting, big data technology can help the police quickly identify or analyse a range of information relating to a suspect, including socioeconomic, interpersonal and object relationships. However, some risks of alienation may also arise in the process of police crime prevention and crime fighting. This paper attempts to apply the unique perspective of Marx's alienation theory, focusing on the fascinating Eastern country, to firstly analyse in depth a series of alienation risks that may arise from the use of big data technology analysis in Chinese policing activities, and then, on this basis, propose a few targeted governance strategies accordingly, to provide useful experiences for scholars studying big data policing activities and those concerned with big data applications in Chinese policing activities.
Geospatial data in pediatric asthma in the United States: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Cushing Anna M. , Khan Masrur A. , Kysh Lynn , Brakefield Whitney S. , Ammar Nariman , Liberman Danica B. , Wilson John , Shaban-Nejad Arash , Espinoza Juan
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to identify and describe the literature on the use of geospatial data in pediatric asthma research.

Introduction:

Asthma is one of the most common pediatric chronic diseases in the United States, disproportionately affecting low-income patients. Asthma exacerbations may be triggered by local environmental factors, such as air pollution or exposure to indoor allergens. Geographic information systems are increasingly recognized as tools that use geospatial data to enhance understanding of the link between environmental exposure, social determinants of health, and clinical outcomes. Geospatial data in pediatric asthma may help inform risk factors for asthma severity, and guide targeted clinical and social interventions.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider studies that utilize geospatial data in the evaluation of pediatric patients with asthma, ages 2 to 18 years, in the United States. Mixed samples of adults and children will also be considered. Geospatial data will include any external non-clinical geographic-based data source that uses a patient's environment or context.

Methods:

The following databases will be searched: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, ERIC, Web of Science, and IEEE. Gray literature will be searched in DBLP, the US Environmental Protection Agency, Google Scholar, Google search, and a hand search of recent abstracts from relevant conferences. Articles published in English, Spanish, and French from 2010 to the present will be included. Study screening and selection will be performed independently by two reviewers. Data extraction will be performed by a trained research team member following pilot testing.
Barriers to and facilitators for low dose computed tomography lung cancer screening in rural populations in the United States: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Palokas Michelle , Hinton Elizabeth , Duhe Roy , Christian Robin , Rogers Deirdre , Sharma Manvi , Stefanek Michael
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this scoping review is to identify barriers to and facilitators for low dose computed tomography lung cancer screening uptake and adherence among rural populations in the United States.

Introduction:

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and cancer patients from rural areas have poorer outcomes than those from metropolitan areas. Evidence exists that lung cancer screening by low dose computed tomography significantly impacts survival time but is also significantly underutilized.

Inclusion criteria:

Studies completed in the United States with adults who fit United States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines for lung cancer screening and who live in rural areas will be included. Studies published in English since 2013 that report on barriers to and facilitators for low dose computed tomography lung cancer screening uptake and adherence will be included in this review. Quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods studies will be included, along with opinion pieces published by government agencies or professional cancer-related organizations.

Methods:

The search strategy will locate published primary studies, reviews, and opinion papers, including those by government and nonprofit agencies focused on cancer. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Gray literature databases and sources for unpublished studies will also be searched. Independent reviewers will be used throughout the search and selection process.
Public health approaches to substance use: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kosteniuk Brynn , Speed Kelsey , Candler Ethan , Campbell Sandy , Penney Greg , Moen Karin , Hyshka Elaine
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The aim of this scoping review is to describe how a public health approach to legal and illegal psychoactive substance use has been previously defined, and to identify its core values, concepts, activities, and goals.

Introduction:

Jurisdictions globally are increasingly endorsing a public health approach to addressing psychoactive substance use. However, there is currently no agreed definition of this approach, and this term has been applied inconsistently in the literature, policy, and practice. A critical first step toward advancing a public health approach to substance use is identifying and articulating its core components.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider all peer-reviewed and gray literature in English focused on conceptualizing, defining, or describing a public health approach to substance use. Our review does not place limitations on populations, psychoactive substance types, or other contextual factors.

Methods:

We will search PROSPERO, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Scopus, as well as health and social science databases; websites of prominent nonprofit, civil society, and government agencies/organizations in public health and substance use fields; and reference lists of included articles. Two independent reviewers will screen titles/abstracts of peer-reviewed literature, and 1 reviewer will screen titles/abstracts of gray literature. Two independent reviewers will conduct the full-text screening. A data extraction sheet will be pilot tested through double extraction. Findings will be presented as a narrative summary supported by tables and diagrams and, if feasible, a conceptual framework for understanding and applying a public health approach to substance use.

Scoping review registration number:

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/sv25e
Histone deacetylase inhibitor use as a radiosensitizer in solid organ malignancies: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Sullivan Jessica , Feng Zhihui , Fahey Paul , Agho Kingsley , Hurley Simon , Lim David
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of solid organ malignancies.

Introduction:

Histone deacetylase inhibitors are a diverse class of drugs that have shown promise as novel anti-cancer therapeutics via epigenetic modification and radiosensitization of neoplastic cells. The aim of HDACi in combination with radiotherapy is to reduce radiation dosage requirements, improve radiotherapy efficacy, and reduce treatment side effects.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider studies utilizing HDACi in conjunction with radiotherapy in adult patients with solid organ malignancy. Sources to be included in this review include experimental and quasi-experimental study designs, analytical studies, and descriptive observational studies.

Methods:

A systematic review of effectiveness will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology. A detailed search will be conducted via MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Scopus. A search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov will also be performed for relevant trials. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be utilized to select studies, and papers selected for retrieval will be assessed for methodological validity using the JBI critical appraisal instruments. Evidence will be extracted from eligible studies and summarized using quantitative methods, where possible, including meta-analysis and assessment of heterogeneity. Where statistical pooling is not possible, the findings will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form accompanied by a narrative summary.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42021293005
Prehospital interventions to reduce discomfort caused by immobilization in adult trauma victims: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mota Mauro , Cunha Madalena , Santos Eduardo , Abrantes Tito , Melo Filipe , Monteiro Mariana , Santos Margarida Reis
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to identify the level of discomfort caused by immobilization as reported by trauma victims, and to map all the interventions in the prehospital context where they have been implemented and evaluated in order to reduce discomfort in adult victims of trauma.

Introduction:

Immobilization is a cause of discomfort for trauma victims, which has important implications for the deterioration of vital signs and quality of life. However, discomfort caused by immobilization remains an under-explored topic by the scientific community.

Inclusion criteria:

This scoping review will consider studies of adult victims of trauma, aged 18 years or over, in prehospital emergency care. Studies that focused on interventions designed to reduce immobilization discomfort, implemented and evaluated by health professionals, of any form, duration, frequency, and dose will be considered.

Methods:

An initial search of PubMed and CINAHL will be undertaken, followed by a second search for published and unpublished studies without time restrictions, in major health care–related electronic databases. Studies in English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese will be included. Data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers in a tabular format and will include details about the level of discomfort, interventions, populations, study methods, and outcomes of interest. A narrative synthesis will accompany the results and will describe how they relate to the review objectives.

Review registration number:

OSF https://osf.io/4scg5/
Sexual and reproductive health outcomes for forcibly displaced persons living in urban environments in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Gittings Lesley , Zhao Michelle , Koomson Nana , Lorimer Nicole , Qiao Carina , Marshall Makenna , Choi Ji Yon Amy , Perez-Brumer Amaya , Malama Kalonde
Published: September 2022

Objective:

The objective of this review is to characterize the state of literature regarding forcibly displaced persons’ sexual and reproductive health in urban areas in low- and middle-income countries. Specific objectives include describing the sexual and reproductive health outcomes among forcibly displaced persons relocating in urban environments.

Introduction:

As a result of persecution, conflict, violence, human rights violations, and disruptive events, 89.3 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced as of the end of 2021. Forcibly displaced people face a wide range of sexual and reproductive health challenges in their countries of origin, en route to final destinations, and on arrival in host communities. There is a growing urbanization of forcibly displaced persons, yet there is limited attention on sexual and reproductive health outcomes of this population.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will consider studies that include sexual and/or reproductive health outcomes and needs of forcibly displaced persons within urban environments in low- and middle-income countries. Published and unpublished evidence, including quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods research, and gray literature, will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:

MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, IBSS, ASSIA, SSCI, and Global Medicus Index will be searched for English-language articles. Titles and abstracts will be screened against the inclusion criteria, followed by full-text review of potentially eligible studies, which will be independently assessed by 2 reviewers. Eligible articles will be extracted and charted. Results from extracted data will be tabulated and accompanied by a narrative summary to summarize and contextualize the extracted data to describe how the results relate to the review's objectives and question.
Recommendations for the extraction, analysis, and presentation of results in scoping reviews
Authors: Pollock Danielle , Peters Micah D.J. , Khalil Hanan , McInerney Patricia , Alexander Lyndsay , Tricco Andrea C. , Evans Catrin , de Moraes Érica Brandão , Godfrey Christina M. , Pieper Dawid , Saran Ashrita , Stern Cindy , Munn Zachary
Published: September 2022

Scoping reviewers often face challenges in the extraction, analysis, and presentation of scoping review results. Using best-practice examples and drawing on the expertise of the JBI Scoping Review Methodology Group and an editor of a journal that publishes scoping reviews, this paper expands on existing JBI scoping review guidance. The aim of this article is to clarify the process of extracting data from different sources of evidence; discuss what data should be extracted (and what should not); outline how to analyze extracted data, including an explanation of basic qualitative content analysis; and offer suggestions for the presentation of results in scoping reviews.
Dielectrophoretically-Assisted Electrohydrodynamic-Driven Liquid Film Flow Boiling in the Presence and Absence of Gravity
Authors: Castaneda Alexander J. , O'Connor Nathaniel J. , Yagoobi Jamal S. , Didion Jeffrey R. , Martins Mario S. , Hasan Mohammad M.
Published: September 2022

The ongoing development of modern electronic systems leads to smaller, more powerful devices that are expected to operate in complex environments. Due to this, advanced thermal management technologies are required to meet the growing demand, especially in space where two-phase thermal systems are limited by the absence of gravity. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) and dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces can be used to sustain stable liquid film flow boiling in the absence of gravity, which is otherwise impractical due to the lack of a required buoyancy force to initiate bubble departure. EHD is a phenomenon that is represented by the interaction between electric fields and fluid flow. The DEP force is characterized by its ability to act on liquid/vapor interfaces due to a high gradient of electrical permittivity. This study investigates the heat transfer characteristics of EHD conduction pumping driven liquid film flow boiling coupled with DEP vapor extraction during a microgravity parabolic flight and on the ground. The results of this study show that EHD and DEP raise the critical heat flux, lower heater surface temperature, and successfully sustain boiling in both microgravity and on the ground with low power consumption. Additionally, the heat transfer data captured in terrestrial, microgravity, and 1.8 g conditions compare well, indicating that combining these mechanisms can provide thermal enhancement independent of gravity. This study provides fundamental understanding of electrically driven liquid film flow boiling in the presence of phase change, paving the way toward developing next-generation heat transport devices for space and terrestrial applications.
Thyreophagus calusorum sp. n. (Acari, Acaridae), a new parthenogenetic species from the USA, with a checklist of Thyreophagus species of the world
Authors: Klimov Pavel B. , Demard Emilie P. , Stinson Clive S.A. , Duarte Marcus V.A. , Wäckers Felix L. , Vangansbeke Dominiek
Published: September 2022

The genus Thyreophagus is distributed worldwide, containing species occurring in stored food, house dust, bark, subcortical habitats, scale insect associations, and nests of wasps and bees. As species of this genus prefer concealed habitats, the actual species diversity is currently underappreciated. In addition, some described taxa are poorly known and their species boundaries are not entirely clear. Only a few species are known from both adult and deutonymphal stages. Using high-resolution light microscope and scanning electron microscopy, we describe a new partenogenetic species, Thyreophagus calusorum sp. n. from Florida (USA) based on adult stage (female) and heteromorphic deutonymph. This species was reared in the lab and its morphological variation was also studied. We did not find any substantial variation in the shape of the female spermatheca, but in the heteromorphic deutonymph, we did find extensive variation in the shape of tibial setae hT I (a taxonomically important character). Furthermore, we summarized taxonomic data and compiled an annotated checklist of species of Thyreophagus, with 35 species-level taxa. We clarified the following nomenclatorial questions: type species designation in Monieziella Berlese, 1897 was done by A. Berlese in G. Leonardi 1900 (Tyroglyphus entomophagus Laboulbène) not by A. Jacot (1936) as it was though previously; Monieziella mali Berlese, 1897 is an unjustified emendation and junior objective synonym of the name Acarus malus Shimer, 1868, currently Hemisacoptes malus (Shimer, 1868). Three subspecies of Thyreophagus were elevated to the species status due to their distinct morphology: Thyreophagus italicus Vacante, 1989, stat. nov. (=Thyreophagus entomophagus italicus Vacante, 1989); Thyreophagus mauritianus (Fain, 1982), stat. nov. (=Michaelopus gallegoi mauritianus Fain, 1982), and Thyreophagus ponticus Kadzhaya, 1973, stat. nov. (=Thyreophagus entomophagus ponticus Kadzhaya, 1973).
Accessible Guide for People With Intellectual Disabilities in a Fitness Environment: A Delphi Study
Authors: Hong San , Yang Jieun , Kim Donghyun , Lee Yongho
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to draw consensus among an expert panel regarding essential elements of an accessible fitness center guide for people with intellectual disabilities that will enable them to engage in physical activity fully and effectively. The study was situated in the socioecological model of disability. Researchers drew expert consensus regarding the essential features of accessible guides in fitness environments. A three-round Delphi procedure was used, involving repeated circulation of the questionnaire to an expert panel (N = 33). The panel was asked to rate the importance and adequacy of 66 items regarding the accessible fitness guide. A consensus was reached regarding 43 items after three rounds. The items include 7 body-weight exercises, 2 machine exercises, 12 environment-related items, 15 exercise preparations, 4 social etiquettes, and 3 emergencies.
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Physical Activity Scale for Individuals With Physical Disabilities for Brazilian Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Golin Andrea , Costa Elisa de Carvalho , Assis Iramaia Salomão Alexandre de , Makhoul Marina Portugal , Barbieri Fabio Augusto , Torriani-Pasin Camila
Published: September 2022

The Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) is not available to Portuguese-Brazil. This study translates, cross-culturally adapts, and validates the PASIPD for Brazilian individuals with Parkinson’s disease. The translation process followed guidelines: initial translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee, and pretest. The validation and reliability processes were conducted with 40 individuals (15 men and 25 women) with Parkinson’s disease. Concurrent validity was evaluated between PASIPD to Brazilian Portuguese, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Human Activity Profile. PASIPD to Brazilian Portuguese was found to be moderately correlated with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (r = .474, p < .05); however, there was no correlation with Human Activity Profile (r = .271, p < .05). We used the intrarater reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient and test–retest. Intrarater reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient = .80). Internal consistency was considered adequate by Cronbach’s alpha (α = .70). PASIPD to Brazilian Portuguese is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating physical activity levels in Brazilian individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
Strength and Balance in Recreational Golfers and Non-Golfers Aged 65–79 Years in Community Settings
Authors: Wilson David A. , Brown Simon , Muckelt Paul E. , Warner Martin B. , Agyapong-Badu Sandra , Glover Danny , Murray Andrew D. , Hawkes Roger A. , Stokes Maria
Published: September 2022

Inactive older adults tend to have decreased strength and balance compared with their more active peers. Playing golf has the potential to improve strength and balance in older adults. The aim of the study was to compare the strength and balance of recreational golfers with non-golfers, aged 65–79 years. Grip strength, single leg balance, and Y Balance Test (YBT) were assessed. Golfers (n = 57) had significantly (right, p = .042; left, p = .047) higher maximal grip strength, than non-golfers (n = 17). Single leg stance times were significantly longer in golfers (right, p = .021; left, p = .001). Normalized YBT reach distances were significantly greater for golfers than non-golfers for composite, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions on both right and left legs. Playing golf appears to be associated with better grip and both static and dynamic balance in 65–79 year olds, indicating that a study of the effects of playing golf is warranted through a larger, fully powered, longitudinal study.
Extreme weather events and the politics of climate change attribution
Authors: Hai Zuhad , Perlman Rebecca L.
Published: September 2022

The consequences of climate change are becoming increasingly visible in the form of more severe wildfires, hurricanes, and flooding. As the science linking these disasters to climate change has grown more robust, it has led to pressure on politicians to acknowledge the connection. While an analysis of U.S. Congressional press releases reveals a slight increase in politicians’ willingness to do so, many remain hesitant. Why? We hypothesize that climate change attribution can backfire, harming politicians’ popularity and undermining their ability to adapt to the visible manifestations of climate change. We conduct an original survey experiment on a representative sample of American adults and show that when a politician links wildfires to climate change, Republicans perceive the official as less capable of addressing weather-related disasters. In addition, Republicans become less supportive of efforts to protect against similar disasters in the future. Our findings shed light on the potential trade-offs of conveying the link between climate change and its impacts.
The core PCP protein Prickle2 regulates axon number and AIS maturation by binding to AnkG and modulating microtubule bundling
Authors: Dorrego-Rivas Ana , Ezan Jerome , Moreau Maïté M. , Poirault-Chassac Sonia , Aubailly Nathalie , De Neve Julie , Blanchard Camille , Castets Francis , Fréal Amélie , Battefeld Arne , Sans Nathalie , Montcouquiol Mireille
Published: September 2022

Core planar cell polarity (PCP) genes, which are involved in various neurodevelopmental disorders such as neural tube closure, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder, have poorly defined molecular signatures in neurons, mostly synapse-centric. Here, we show that the core PCP protein Prickle-like protein 2 (Prickle2) controls neuronal polarity and is a previously unidentified member of the axonal initial segment (AIS) proteome. We found that Prickle2 is present and colocalizes with AnkG480, the AIS master organizer, in the earliest stages of axonal specification and AIS formation. Furthermore, by binding to and regulating AnkG480, Prickle2 modulates its ability to bundle microtubules, a crucial mechanism for establishing neuronal polarity and AIS formation. Prickle2 depletion alters cytoskeleton organization, and Prickle2 levels determine both axon number and AIS maturation. Last, early Prickle2 depletion produces impaired action potential firing.
Polarization vision mitigates visual noise from flickering light underwater
Authors: Venables Siân Vincent , Drerup Christian , Powell Samuel B. , Marshall N. Justin , Herbert-Read James E. , How Martin J.
Published: September 2022

In shallow water, downwelling light is refracted from surface waves onto the substrate creating bands of light that fluctuate in both time and space, known as caustics. This dynamic illumination can be a visual hindrance for animals in shallow underwater environments. Animals in such habitats may have evolved to use polarization vision for discriminating objects while ignoring the variations in illumination caused by caustics. To explore this possibility, crabs (Carcinus maenas) and cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), both of which have polarization vision, were presented with moving stimuli overlaid with caustics. Dynamic caustics inhibited the detection of an intensity-based stimulus but not when these stimuli were polarized. This study is the first to demonstrate that polarization vision reduces the negative impacts that dynamic illumination can have on visual perception.
Pathogen effector AvrSr35 triggers Sr35 resistosome assembly via a direct recognition mechanism
Authors: Zhao Yan-Bo , Liu Meng-Xi , Chen Tao-Tao , Ma Xiaomin , Li Ze-Kai , Zheng Zichao , Zheng Si-Ru , Chen Lifei , Li You-Zhi , Tang Li-Rui , Chen Qi , Wang Peiyi , Ouyang Songying
Published: September 2022

Nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) perceive pathogen effectors to trigger plant immunity. The direct recognition mechanism of pathogen effectors by coiled-coil NLRs (CNLs) remains unclear. We demonstrate that the
Triticum monococcum
CNL Sr35 directly recognizes the pathogen effector AvrSr35 from
Puccinia graminis
f. sp
. tritici
and report a cryo–electron microscopy structure of Sr35 resistosome and a crystal structure of AvrSr35. We show that AvrSr35 forms homodimers that are disassociated into monomers upon direct recognition by the leucine-rich repeat domain of Sr35, which induces Sr35 resistosome assembly and the subsequent immune response. The first 20 amino-terminal residues of Sr35 are indispensable for immune signaling but not for plasma membrane association. Our findings reveal the direct recognition and activation mechanism of a plant CNL and provide insights into biochemical function of Sr35 resistosome.
Supplemental Material: Modern dextral strain controls active hydrothermal systems in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera
Authors: Finley Theron D.
Published: September 2022

Table of all structural measurements (fault kinematics data).
Epistaxis duration predicts bleeding in immune thrombocytopenia: a cohort study
Authors: Reynolds Lianna , Williams Benjamin David , Grainger John
Published: September 2022

Objective

To test for an association between duration of epistaxis and clinically relevant bleeding in the following 12 months in children with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

The national UK Paediatric ITP registry, a multicentre prospective clinical registry of new cases of ITP between 2006 and February 2020.

Patients

All children aged between 2 months and 16 years in participating UK centres.

Exposure

Epistaxis at presentation defined as none, <10 min, 10–30 min and >30 min.

Main outcome measures

Incident severe bleeds, combined moderate and severe bleeds and drop in haemoglobin (Hb) by ≥20 g/L.

Results

The sample included 1793 patients, of which 334 had epistaxis <10 min, 88 lasting 10–30 min and 97 >30 min. In the 12 months following presentation, 19 had a severe bleed, 140 had a moderate bleed and 54 had a drop in Hb ≥2 g/dL. Epistaxis >30 min duration was associated with increased odds of severe bleeds (OR 1.43–15.67), moderate or severe bleeding (OR 1.33–4.2) and drop in Hb (OR 1.23–6.91). Shorter duration epistaxis was not associated with increased odds of any outcome. A trend for increased odds with longer duration epistaxis was significant for all outcomes.

Conclusions

The longer the duration of epistaxis at presentation with ITP, the higher the risk of a clinically significant bleeding event in the 12 months following. This should inform clinical severity ratings and treatment decisions.
Lateral flow test performance in children for SARS-CoV-2 using anterior nasal and buccal swabbing: sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values
Authors: Harwood Rachel , Rad Laura , Kelly Christopher , Shelton Cliff , Shepherd Elizabeth , Roderick Marion , Whittaker Elizabeth , Dyke Steven , Patel Sanjay Vallabh , Gent Nick , Kenny Simon E
Published: September 2022

Objective

To determine if the sensitivity of the lateral flow test is dependent on the viral load and on the location of swabbing in the respiratory tract in children.

Design

Phase 1: Routinely performed reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) using nose and throat (NT) swabs or endotracheal (ET) aspirates were compared with Innova lateral flow tests (LFTs) using anterior nasal (AN) swabs. Phase 2: RT-PCR-positive children underwent paired AN RT-PCR and LFT and/or paired AN RT-PCR and buccal LFT.

Setting

Tertiary paediatric hospitals.

Patients

Children under the age of 18 years. Phase 1: undergoing routine testing, phase 2: known SARS-CoV-2 positive.

Results

Phase 1: 435 paired swabs taken in 431 asymptomatic patients resulted in 8 positive RT-PCRs, 9 PCR test failures and 418 negative RT-PCRs from NT or ET swabs. The test performance of AN LFT demonstrated sensitivity: 25% (4%–59%), specificity: 100% (99%–100%), positive predictive value (PPV): 100% (18%–100%) and negative predictive value (NPV): 99% (97%–99%).

Phase 2: 14 AN RT-PCR-positive results demonstrated a sensitivity of 77% (50%–92%) of LFTs performed on AN swabs. 15/16 paired buccal LFT swabs were negative.

Conclusion

The NPV, PPV and specificity of LFTs are excellent. The sensitivity of LFTs compared with RT-PCR is good when the samples are colocated but may be reduced when the LFT swab is taken from the AN. Buccal swabs are not appropriate for LFT testing. Careful consideration of the swabbing reason, the tolerance of the child and the requirements for test processing (eg, rapidity of results) should be undertaken within hospital settings.

Trial registration number

NCT04629157.