bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High fat diet is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and decreased gut microbial derived metabolites related to metabolic health in young Göttingen Minipigs
Authors: Lützhøft Ditte Olsen , Bækgård Cecilie , Wimborne Elizabeth , Straarup Ellen Marie , Pedersen Karen-Margrethe , Swann Jonathan R. , Pedersen Henrik Duelund , Kristensen Kim , Morgills Line , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Bracken Marianne Kronborg , Cirera Susanna , Christoffersen Berit Østergaard
Published: March 2024

The objectives were 1) to characterize a Göttingen Minipig model of metabolic syndrome regarding its colon microbiota and circulating microbial products, and 2) to assess whether ovariectomized female and castrated male minipigs show similar phenotypes. Twenty-four nine-week-old Göttingen Minipigs were allocated to four groups based on sex and diet: ovariectomized females and castrated males fed either chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. At study end, body composition and plasma biomarkers were measured, and a mixed meal tolerance test (MMT) and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were performed. The HFD groups had significantly higher weight gain, fat percentage, fasting plasma insulin and glucagon compared to the chow groups. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was increased and glucose effectiveness derived from the IVGTT and Matsuda´s insulin sensitivity index from the MMT were decreased in the HFD groups. The HFD groups displayed dyslipidemia, with significantly increased total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, and decreased HDL/non-HDL cholesterol ratio. The colon microbiota of HFD minipigs clearly differed from the lean controls (GuniFrac distance matrix). The main bacteria families driving this separation wereClostridiaceae,Fibrobacteraceae,FlavobacteriaceaeandPorphyromonadaceae. Moreover, the species richness was significantly decreased by HFD. In addition, HFD decreased the circulating level of short chain fatty acids and beneficial microbial metabolites hippuric acid, xanthine and trigonelline, while increasing the level of branched chain amino acids. Six and nine metabolically relevant genes were differentially expressed between chow-fed and HFD-fed animals in liver and omental adipose tissue, respectively. The HFD-fed pigs presented with metabolic syndrome, gut microbial dysbiosis and a marked decrease in healthy gut microbial products and thus displayed marked parallels to human obesity and insulin resistance. HFD-fed Göttingen Minipig therefore represents a relevant animal model for studying host-microbiota interactions. No significant differences between the castrated and ovariectomized minipigs were observed.
Causal associations between rheumatoid arthritis, cataract and glaucoma in European and East Asian populations: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Teng Menghao , Wang Jiachen , Su Xiaochen , Tian Ye , Wang Jiqing , Zhang Yingang
Published: March 2024

Background

Previous studies have indicated a heightened susceptibility to cataract and glaucoma among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, while it remains uncertain whether RA is causally associated with cataract and glaucoma. A two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to investigate the causal associations between RA, cataract and glaucoma in European and East Asian populations.

Methods

In the European population, genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for cataract (372,386 individuals) and glaucoma (377,277 individuals) were obtained from the FinnGen consortium (R9), while RA summary data were derived from a meta-analysis of GWAS encompassing 97173 samples. In the East Asian population, summary data for cataract (212453 individuals), glaucoma (212453 individuals), and RA (22515 individuals) were sourced from the IEU Open GWAS project. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW, random-effects) method served as the primary analysis, complemented by MR‒Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode methods. Additionally, various sensitivity tests, including Cochran’s Q test, MR‒Egger intercept, MR pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier test and leave-one-out test were performed to detect the heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy and stability of the analysis results.

Results

Following stringent screening, the number of selected instrumental variables ranged from 8 to 56. The IVW results revealed that RA had an increased risk of cataract (OR = 1.041, 95% CI = 1.019–1.064; P = 2.08×10−4) and glaucoma (OR = 1.029, 95% CI = 1.003–1.057; P = 2.94×10−2) in European populations, and RA displayed a positive association with cataract (OR = 1.021, 95% CI = 1.004–1.039; P = 1.64×10−2) in East Asian populations. Other methods also supported those results by IVW, and sensitivity tests showed that our analysis results were credible and stable.

Conclusions

This study revealed a positive causality between RA and the increased risk of cataract and glaucoma, which provides guidance for the early prevention of cataracts and glaucoma in patients with RA and furnishes evidence for the impact of RA-induced inflammation on ophthalmic diseases.
Utilisation of Traditional Maternal Health Care Services Among Rural Women in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: ABAJESUDE Kanyinsola Dorcas , Oyewole Mojisola Fauziyah
Published: March 2024

Maternal mortality remains high in Nigeria, especially in rural areas where many women avail

themselves of traditional maternal health care from unskilled providers such as traditional birth

attendants (TBAs) . This study examined the use of traditional maternal health care among 120

rural women in 3 local government areas in Oyo State, Nigeria. The survey was conducted using

a questionnaire. The results showed that the average age of the respondents was 35 years, most

were married, had no formal education, were traders/farmers, and had a low monthly income The

primary reason for implementing TBA was increased hospital costs. The primary sources of

information were family members. The main services used were alcoholism, umbilical cords,

and infant circumcision. Overall, 57.5% of respondents used TBA sparingly. There were

significant associations between educational level, age, household size, income, source of

information, selection reasons, and use of TBA. They suggest that the government should

improve awareness of the risks associated with TBA practices, reduce hospital costs, ensure

skilled staffing in health facilities, and appropriately train TBAs.
NONSPECIFIC PROTECTIVE AND ADAPTIVE REACTION OF THE BODY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PANIC ATTACKS AND PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Vodopianov Vladimir A.
Published: March 2024

Problem and purpose.

Influence on the autonomic regulation of panic attack (PA) can lead to the development of somatic diseases or aggravation of existing ones, which is a serious medical and social problem.

The purpose of this scientific review is to study the neurobiology of stress and fear, generalize the conceptual views of panic attacks and their relationship with cardiovascular diseases to create a further strategy for clinical trials of PA and optimize preventive and therapeutic measures.

Methodology.

Six medical electronic databases (foreign and domestic) were searched from inception until 2022, including original research for the last five years, on anxiety disorders, PA, cardiovascular disease (CVD), the neurobiology of stress, non-specific protective-adaptive mechanisms and responses (NPAM&R) of human. As a methodological base, the author used a dialectical and systematic approach to achieve the set goals.

When checking headings, abstracts and full texts, the author used the research method of analysis. Using the deductive method, he determined particular patterns of various concepts. In case of finding disagreements, he synthesized possible solutions.

Results:

The performed analysis of works devoted to the different concepts of panic attacks etiology, the fear attacks neurobiology and the evolution of pathogenetic views on the relationship between PA and CVD made it possible to reveal the significant significance of the non-linear "mediator" effect in the development of PA and their influence on CVD.

In a result of the analysis and synthesis of data from different PA concepts, the author found that there are no contradictions between the concepts and proposes the PA concept with a wider range of non-linear "mediator" PA mechanism. By the obtained results, the author substantiates the relationship NPAM&R with PA and CVD using a non-linear "mediator" mechanism.

Conclusion:

The study of NZPM&R is important for improving general physical and mental health and the well-being of the nation in the long term, especially in the face of aggressive environmental factors. It also allows us to emphasize the need to study complex methods of treatment, including "non-specific", the results of which should be reflected in the new standards of treatment for this nosology.
La autosuficiencia del orden político en Dante Alighieri
Authors: Abbate Stefano
Published: March 2024

En este artículo se pretenden reconstruir las premisas fundamentales del pensamiento político de Dante, que plantea una nueva concepción de la relación entre Iglesia e Imperio. En particular, se señalan tres ideas fundamentales: la ciencia como perfección última del alma humana; la operación propia del género humano en la actuación de toda la potencia del intelecto posible; y, por último, la cuestión del fin natural y sobrenatural del hombre. A continuación, se analiza la presencia de la interpretación del aristotelismo de la Facultad de Artes de la Universidad de París y del averroísmo presente en el planteamiento dantesco, en particular haciendo referencia a las diferentes interpretaciones de Gilson y Nardi. Finalmente, se proponen como clave de interpretación global del pensamiento político dantesco la cuestión del traspaso de las llaves de Jesús a Pedro y la relación entre naturaleza y gracia en disonancia con la interpretación de Tomás de Aquino.
«Galeotto fu’l libro e chi lo scrisse»: la literatura como camino al infierno
Authors: Belmonte Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2024

En el Canto V del Infierno, uno de los pasajes más universalmente conocidos de la Divina Comedia, Dante sugiere la fuerza corruptora de la literatura, desencadenante del adulterio de Paolo y Francesca. Este esquema en que lo literario se convierte en motivo de perdición, reaparece en casos tan conocidos como el de Don Quijote y otros menos conocidos como el dickensiano Nicodemus Boffin de Nuestro común amigo. Estos escritores dejan traslucir en sus obras sus inquietudes respecto a una influencia que simultáneamente buscan y temen sobre los lectores. Sus «libros dentro de los libros» pueden ser interpretados como una vacuna con la que el escritor quiere proveer al lector de las herramientas para protegerse de los efectos perversos de una literatura recibida en clave romántica. Proponemos, siguiendo especialmente a Renato Poggioli, John Freccero o René Girard, una interpretación antirromántica que subraya la actualidad de la arquitectura moral de la Divina Comedia y su ascendencia sobre varios clásicos de la literatura moderna posterior.
Factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama en mujeres con antecedentes familiares. Revisión integrativa
Authors: Obregón Sanchez Nestor Humberto , Moreno González María Mercedes , Guzmán Ortiz Elizabeth , Trujillo Hernández Pedro Enrique , Lara Reyes Braulio Josué
Published: March 2024

Introducción: En América Latina y el Caribe el cáncer de mama constituye la primera causa de muerte por neoplasias malignas femeninas, desplazando en diversos países al cáncer cervicouterino. En México, es la segunda causa de muerte por procesos tumorales en mujeres mayores de 25 años y cada año se diagnostican 14 mil casos nuevos. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo a los que pueden estar expuestas las mujeres con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de mama. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integradora donde se buscaron artículos relacionados con los temas de cáncer de mama y factores de riesgo en mujeres con antecedentes familiares de cáncer de mama. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron las bases de datos de Google Scholar, PubMed y Scielo. Se seleccionaron los términos de búsqueda basándose en la pregunta de investigación con la estrategia de Concepto, Población y Contexto (CPC). Resultados: De las bases de datos Google Scholar, PubMed y Scielo se seleccionaron 42 artículos, encontrando que aún existe desconocimiento en lo que respecta a las practicas del propio cuidado, enfrentando esta problemática de salud pública los países en desarrollo. Conclusiones: Investigaciones sobre el tema han concluido que las mujeres con un bajo nivel de escolaridad, que habitan en zonas rurales y pertenecen a estratos socioeconómicos bajos tienen mayor probabilidad de padecer esta patología.
Enfermería como la columna vertebral de los sistemas de atención sanitaria
Authors: Valencia Contrera Miguel , Rivera Rojas Flerida
Published: March 2024

Enfermería corresponde al grupo ocupacional más numeroso del sector de la salud, representando aproximadamente el 59% de las profesiones sanitarias, la que proporciona grandes beneficios para la salud mundial, sin embargo, el panorama para enfermería no está exento de dificultades, pues corresponde a un estamento que no desarrolla su quehacer en ambientes óptimos, muchas veces tiene que desarrollarse con escaso apoyo de los gobiernos y no presenta el reconocimiento que se merece. La presente reflexión responde al objetivo de relevar la importancia de enfermería en los sistemas de salud, y a su vez, exponer los principales desafíos pendientes para el fortalecimiento de la salud pública. Se han descrito copiosos beneficios asociados a la atención de enfermería, tributando al logro de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, donde enfermería presenta un rol protagónico en el proceso, sin embargo, las políticas de los países deben desarrollar estrategias para promover su desarrollo, como lo es la enfermería de práctica avanzada, por otro lado, las enfermeras líderes deben concentrar los esfuerzos para estimular a los gobiernos y autoridades a trabajar de manera mancomunada en las mejoras de las condiciones laborales de enfermería; los presentes autores destacan la necesidad de un trabajo colaborativo interdisciplinario para el logro de las necesidades de la población.
From High Discipline Referrals to High-Engagement Classrooms: A Design-Based Approach to Creating a Campus-Wide Culture of Positive Learning Support for At-Risk Student Populations through Transforming Educators’ Instructional Teaming Practices
Authors: Claudet Joseph G.
Published: March 2024

Instructional leaders in many school districts throughout the United States are increasingly confronted with spiraling numbers of discipline referrals from teachers who are unable to manage the off-task behaviors and discipline infractions of the growing percentages of diverse, academically at-risk students populating their classrooms.  Many of these at-risk students, who come from families that are economically disadvantaged and have culturally rich and linguistically diverse backgrounds, have become stigmatized and minoritized by an education system whose curricula are often woefully inadequate in being able to meet the unique social and academic support needs of these diverse learners.  This article profiles how one high school principal and his instructional turnaround leadership task force colleagues working in a high diversity urban school district utilized multi-leveled data analysis investigative thinking and innovative professional learning program design strategies derived from the education improvement science literature to implement a comprehensive intervention program for ninth through twelfth grade teams of core content teachers and their instructional supervisors.  The specific goals of the intervention program were to: 1) change educators’ entrenched pedagogical thinking and instructional planning mindsets regarding the motivation levels and learning capabilities of the high discipline referral students who regularly engage in off-task disruptive behaviors in their classrooms; and 2) transform teachers’ instructional data teaming practices to better serve the academic learning support needs of the campus’s minoritized students.  The design-based approach to instructional improvement employed in the high school case study leveraged the use of multiple cycles of new knowledge and skills acquisition, critical self-reflection, and immersive professional learning to assist educators in exploring how to engage together in authentic data teaming and data analysis–informed differentiated instructional planning to craft high-engagement classroom learning environments and interactive instructional units to effectively address the academic development and support needs of the campus’s diverse, at-risk learners.
Kants synthetisches Apriori: zur Auflösung der kosmologischen Antinomien
Authors: Friebe Cord
Published: March 2024

According to Kant, concepts can be used in three different ways, i.e. an empirical (= pre-philosophical) use, a transcendentally real (= philosophically inadequate) use, and a transcendentally ideal (= philosophically reasonable) use. Regarding the concept of the world as a whole, however, Kant misrepresents the empirical meaning and therefore overlooks the transcendentally ideal understanding of “everything”. Along this guiding line, the paper defends Kant’s program of showing that spatiotemporal objects are conditioned by subjective, non-empirical conditions against the charge that it is inconsistent with Kant’s alleged solution of the antinomies. It turns out that Kant’s program is consistent both with ontological realism about the world and with empirical realism about, e.g., the Big Bang. The remaining problem is how to formalize in modal logic unrestricted quantification in its transcendentally ideal usage.
XRCC1 and hOGG1 polymorphisms and endometrial carcinoma: A meta-analysis
Authors: He Shengke , Zhao Xiujuan , Mu Ruifang , Pan Zhongjun , Mai Jinglan
Published: March 2024

Endometrial carcinoma’s (EC) etiology is complex and involves DNA repair gene polymorphisms like XRCC1-Arg399Gln and hOGG1-Ser326Cys, but their association with the disease is unclear. Following PRISMA, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, collecting data from four databases. The studies needed to be population-based case–control studies examining the association between the named polymorphisms and EC. Quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, and subgroup analyses were conducted based on ethnicity. Seven studies were included. Both polymorphisms were found to significantly increase EC risk, particularly in Caucasians. XRCC1-Arg399Gln showed a dominant model OR of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01–1.29) and a homozygous model OR of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.12–2.25). The heterozygote model OR for hOGG1-Ser326Cys was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.02–1.63), and the allele OR was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.07–1.60). XRCC1-Arg399Gln and hOGG1-Ser326Cys may increase EC risk, primarily in Caucasian women, emphasizing the role of DNA repair in disease susceptibility. More extensive studies are needed to validate these findings in diverse ethnicities and investigate other DNA repair gene polymorphisms.
Time-dependent Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Casson hybrid nanofluid comprising the CNTs through a Riga plate with nonlinear thermal radiation and viscous dissipation
Authors: Senthilvadivu Karuppiah , Eswaramoorthi Sheniyappan , Loganathan Karuppusamy , Abbas Mohamed
Published: March 2024

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are gaining popularity due to their expanding uses in industrial and technical processes, such as geothermal reservoirs, water and air filters, coatings, solar collection, ceramic material reinforcement, electrostatic dissipation, etc. In addition, the CNTs have superior electrical conductivity and biocompatibility. Based on the aforementioned applications, the current work examines the time-dependent and Darcy–Forchheimer flow of water/glycerin-based Casson hybrid nanofluid formed by single-walled CNTs and multi-walled CNTs over a Riga plate under velocity slip. The energy expression is modeled through nonlinear thermal radiation and viscous dissipation impacts. The incorporation of convective boundary condition into the current model improves its realism. By employing suitable variables, the governing models are re-framed into ordinary differential equations. The bvp4c and the homotopy analysis method are used to find the computational results of the re-framed equations and boundary conditions. The novel characteristics of a variety of physical parameters on velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient (SFC), and local Nusselt number (LNN) are discussed via graphs, charts, and tables. It is found that the fluid velocity decays when enriching the Forchheimer number, unsteady and porosity parameters. The radiation parameter plays an opposite role in convective heating and cooling cases. The modified Hartmann number enhances the surface drag force, and the Forchheimer number declines the SFC. The unsteady parameter develops the heat transfer rate, and the Forchheimer number suppresses the LNN. The simulated flow problem has many applications in engineering sectors, including ceramic manufacture, heating and cooling systems, energy storage units, thermodynamic processes, and other fields.
Numerical simulation of macroscopic viscoelastic melt filling and mesoscopic spherulite growth
Authors: Wan Huisi , Li Qiang , Li Huan
Published: March 2024

In this work, a non-isothermal viscoelastic computational framework is proposed for macroscopic polymer melt filling and mesoscopic spherulite growth. Firstly, the macroscopic viscoelastic governing equation is solved by coupled level set immersed boundary and finite-volume (LS-IB-FV) method. The melt-air interface is captured by the coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) method. And the mesoscopic crystallization behavior is predicted by the phase field model. Then, the numerical simulation for melt filling process is compared with experimental one to validate the coupled method. And it is simulated that the melt filling stage in a complex annular cavity with 17 small solid discs for the semi-crystalline polymer of isotactic polystyrene, and it is studied that the impacts of three different injection velocities on the flow modes, temperature distribution and solidified layers. Finally, in the regions of solidified layers, the growth of spherulites is simulated with/without melt flows at two different points. Numerical results show that the injection velocities can affect the flow modes and temperature distribution significantly. The morphology of polymer spherulite that is consistent with the experimental result can be observed clearly. With flow fields, the spherulites grow faster and densely towards the upstream direction.
Pomponio Gaurico und die leoninen Krieger: Physiognomik als Paradigma
Authors: Eckstein Hannes
Published: March 2024

This essay examines how Pomponio Gaurico’s treatise De sculptura, published in 1504, attempted to establish a new visual language for sculptors based on physiognomic treatises handed down from antiquity. By including physiognomics among the fundamental elements of disegno, the young writer expanded its potential from a system of interpretation to a means of representation. It will be argued that the most significant pattern to arise from this new approach was the idealised leonine warrior that originated in the typified equestrian statues of Donatello and Verrocchio, and culminated in sculptures executed by Gaurico’s friends Tullio Lombardo and Andrea Riccio – presumably under the impression of his ideas.
DE LA TEORÍA CRÍTICA A LA TEORÍA CRÍTICA CONTEXTUAL
Authors: Valdés Norambuena Cristián
Published: March 2024

En las siguientes páginas se abordará la cuestión de la teoría crítica de cuño frankfurtiano, en términos de su comprensión como teoría crítica contextual, a partir de una lectura en clave intercultural latinoamericana. Primero se mostrará el tipo de influencia de la teoría crítica en la filosofía latinoamericana, en segundo lugar – a través de algunos trabajos de R. Salas Astraín – se abordará el carácter crítico de la filosofía latinoamericana, y en un tercer momento se avanzará la idea de un desplazamiento hacia una teoría crítica contextual.
El mar los atrapa. Socialización, conocimientos y “otros” significativos en las pesquerías artesanales:
Authors: DAmbrosio Leticia
Published: March 2024

El articulo trata sobre los procesos de aprendizaje y las diversas fases y contenidos de la socialización para los pescadores artesanales. Se aborda el proceso de redescubrimiento guiado en el cual cada generación descubre las habilidades por ellos mismos bajo la guía de practicantes más experientes. Este proceso implica una forma de percibir, interactuar, habitar y conocer el entorno que involucra lo humano y lo no-humano, lo local y lo global, la territorialización y la desterritorialización. Se observa una heterogeneidad en lo que entendemos por pesquerías artesanales cuyas clasificaciones nativas refieren a formas de diferenciación e identificación. Asimismo, aparecen referentes (humanos y no-humanos) en el camino de quienes se inician en estas, y muchas veces hay una continuidad entre la relación de guiar en la práctica y otras dimensiones de la vida. El mar es un otro significativo que muta su agencia y su género. Se identifica como proveedor de diversas especies y al mismo tiempo se asocia con el riesgo y la posible perdida de lo más preciado: la vida del pescador.
Hypothalamic paraventricular stimulation inhibits nociceptive WDR trigeminocervical complex cells via oxytocinergic transmission
Authors: Condés-Lara Miguel , Martínez-Lorenzana Guadalupe , Espinosa de los Monteros-Zúñiga Antonio , López-Córdoba Gustavo , Córdova-Quiroga Aketzalli , Flores-Bojorquez Shakty A. , González-Hernández Abimael
Published: March 2024

Oxytocinergic transmission blocks nociception at the peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal levels through the oxytocin receptor (OTR). Indeed, a neuronal pathway from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the spinal cord and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5c) has been described. Hence, although the trigeminocervical complex (TCC), an anatomical area spanning the Sp5c, C1, and C2 regions, plays a role in some pain disorders associated with craniofacial structures (e.g., migraine), the role of oxytocinergic transmission in modulating nociception at this level has been poorly explored. Hence,in vivoelectrophysiological recordings of TCC wide dynamic range (WDR) cells sensitive to stimulation of the periorbital or meningeal region were performed in male Wistar rats. PVN electrical stimulation diminished the neuronal firing evoked by periorbital or meningeal electrical stimulation; this inhibition was reversed by OTR antagonists administered locally. Accordingly, neuronal projections (using fluoro-ruby) from the PVN to the WDR cells filled with neurobiotin were observed. Moreover, colocalization between OTR and CGRP or OTR and GABA was found near neurobiotin-filled WDR cells. Retrograde neuronal tracers deposited at the meningeal (true-blue) and infraorbital nerves (fluoro-gold) showed that at the trigeminal ganglion (TG), some cells were immunopositive to both fluorophores, suggesting that some TG cells send projections via the V1 and V2 trigeminal branches. Together, these data may imply that endogenous oxytocinergic transmission inhibits the nociceptive activity of second-order neurons via OTR activation in CGRPergic (primary afferent fibers) and GABAergic cells.

Significance statementThis study sheds light on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of trigeminal nociception, which is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of primary headaches, such as migraine. Current evidence suggests that the hypothalamus plays a role in controlling the nociceptive activity at the trigeminal level. The present study found that electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) inhibited the nociceptive activity of trigeminal second-order WDR cells through oxytocinergic mechanisms. Furthermore, we found that oxytocin receptors are located in the primary peptidergic afferent fibers and GABAergic cells. These findings support the idea of a direct oxytocinergic pathway between the PVN and TCC and highlight the potential of oxytocin receptors as a target for migraine pain and other primary headaches.
Targeting Vasohibins to Promote Axon Regeneration
Authors: Gobrecht Philipp , Gebel Jeannette , Hilla Alexander , Gisselmann Günter , Fischer Dietmar
Published: March 2024

Treatments accelerating axon regeneration in the nervous system are still clinically unavailable. However, parthenolide promotes adult sensory neurons’ axon growth in culture by inhibiting microtubule detyrosination. Here, we show that overexpression of vasohibins increases microtubule detyrosination in growth cones and compromises growth in culture and in vivo. Moreover, overexpression of these proteins increases the required parthenolide concentrations to promote axon regeneration. At the same time, the partial knockdown of endogenous vasohibins or their enhancer SVBP in neurons facilitates axon growth, verifying them as pharmacological targets for promoting axon growth. In vivo, repeated intravenous application of parthenolide or its prodrug di-methyl-amino-parthenolide (DMAPT) markedly facilitates the regeneration of sensory, motor, and sympathetic axons in injured murine and rat nerves, leading to acceleration of functional recovery. Moreover, orally applied DMAPT was similarly effective in promoting nerve regeneration. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of vasohibins facilitates axon regeneration in different species and nerves, making parthenolide and DMAPT the first promising drugs for curing nerve injury.
Digital technologies and Alzheimer’s from the perspective of formal caregivers using an action research methodology
Authors: Gonçalves Vitor , Vaz Cátia , Novais Célia , F Gonçalves Bruno , Rocha Alberto , Forte Pedro , M Carvalho Helena
Published: March 2024

Alzheimer's dementia leads to a progressive decline in individual's cognitive ability with interference in daily living activities. Applying cognitive stimulation in the early stages is an added value in delaying cognitive decline. In this process, the use of digital technologies may contribute to avoiding, in a first phase, the use of drugs and delaying the institutionalization of Alzheimer's patients. Thus, the general objective was conducted to identify their perceptions on the use of new digital technologies in the cognitive stimulation of Alzheimer's patients with formal caregivers. To this end, an action-research methodology was applied to survey the state-of-the-art on the digital technologies and Alzheimer’s from the perspective of formal caregivers. Sixty-two formal caregivers participated in this research, of whom 74.2% are female and the remaining (25.8%) are male. Regarding working with digital technologies with Alzheimer's dementia patients, a large percentage of respondents (73.6%) answered that they only use them sometimes, and 26.4% said they never use them. These results suggest that there is still resistance or lack of confidence in the use of digital technologies by formal caregivers working with Alzheimer's dementia patients. The results show that all the respondents can identify signs of Alzheimer's dementia in the patients. Consequently, this is understandable, even though they had never received specific training in this area, especially the cognitive stimulation.
Design and construction of an alternative drainage ditch system
Authors: Kramer Geoff , Peterson Joel , Krider Lori , Hansen Brad , Magner Joe , Wilson Bruce , Nieber John
Published: March 2024

Water quality in agricultural watersheds is under greater scrutiny as hydrologic pathways are altered to increase the production of affordable food. Fertilizers are widely used in these watersheds to obtain desirable levels of nitrogen and phosphorus for optimal crop growth. Some of these nutrients are transported from the field to natural channel systems. Agricultural drainage ditches often provide an important pathway in this movement of nutrients. Ditches have been traditionally designed to remove water from agricultural lands. Little attention has been placed on alternative designs that are inherently more stable, assimilate nutrients and provide healthy ecosystems. In 2009, 2000m of a conventional drainage ditch in southern Minnesota was converted to an alternative drainage system with a two-stage channel, a rock trench, a rock inlet, and two linear treatment systems. These features not only increase ditch stability but also provide storage and attenuate sediment and excess nutrients. This paper discusses the design and construction of this alternative drainage system.
Воєнна пропаганда імперії: Перша світова війна та її сучасний відгомін
Authors: Біла Катерина Вікторівна
Published: March 2024

У статті проаналізовано воєнну пропаганду Російської імперії на теренах України в період Першої світової війни. Встановлено, що головне завдання воєнної пропаганди імперії полягало у формуванні схвальної рефлексії в суспільстві на розпочату Росією війну. Метою війни називали визволення «братніх слов’янських народів», цим міфом виправдовували територіальні претензії Російської імперії в Європі. Використовували й такі прийоми пропаганди, як перекладання провини за розпочату війну на противника, створення образу ворога, демонізація ворога, глорифікація війни, героїзація власного війська, створення образу царя-месії.
Atomic force microscopy with qPlus sensors
Authors: Giessibl Franz J.
Published: March 2024

Atomic force microscopy is one of the most important tools in nanoscience. It employs an atomic probe that can resolve surfaces with atomic and subatomic spatial resolution and manipulate atoms. The qPlus sensor is a quartz-based self-sensing cantilever with a high stiffness that, in contrast to Si cantilevers, allows to oscillate at atomic radius amplitudes in the proximity of reactive surfaces and thus provides a high spatial resolution. This article reports on the development of this sensor and discusses applications in materials research.

Graphical abstract
Rainbow nation discourses among Black millennial history teachers in relation to post-apartheid South African history
Authors: Gxwayibeni Fezeka , Maposa Marshall Tamuka
Published: March 2024

Generational experiences create unique contextualised meanings for society. This is the case with millennials in South Africa, many of whom use social media to organise their lives and engage with issues pertinent to them, such as South Africa being a rainbow nation. Some of these millennials are history teachers who, when at work, have to teach an official history which may contradict some of their social media engagements. This motivated this article of which the aim was to identify the dominant conversations when relating to the rainbow nation among a selected group of Black millennial history teachers. In this interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) we used a qualitative approach in which 10 participants were involved in photo elicitation, semi-structured interviews, and focus-group discussions. Data were thematically analysed. The findings reflect millennials mainly engaged with violence, coloniality, victory, unity, and identity. The findings further suggest that the discourses were both contending and overlapping. We argue that millennial history teachers in South Africa hold different views about the rainbow nation: even though they paint the notion with predominant negativity, there is evidence of underlying positivity about it.
La nueva realidad, retos y desafíos
Authors: Abril-Lancheros Myriam Stella
Published: March 2024

One of the greatest social and educational challenges facing society is to analyze how, from different scenarios, it is possible to build, consolidate and implement a quality teaching and learning process, which includes all the basic elements and allows to have a marked differential in the knowledge and actions of learners after the pandemic (post-covid-19). With the passage of time, technological tools have occupied an important place in society, even more so in the academic field, making it possible to reduce the knowledge gap in any discipline, promoting collaborative work. From this point of view, the question to be analyzed is: Will the use of virtual scenarios be a reality for a teaching-learning process? To achieve this objective, the systematic review method was used in the academic framework, and articles published between the years 2018 to 2022, with search words learning and virtual scenarios, supported by Boléan operators, using the specialized databases for that topic: Redalyc, Scielo, Scopus. The results show the need and relevance of adapting to the new virtual scenarios, being a challenge for the academic entities to characterize the population with greater skills for the technological, without leaving aside the importance of adapting the curricular plans for the actors of the process.
O desequilíbrio do setor público brasileiro: cenários alternativos
Authors: BRAGA CARLOS ALBERTO PRIMO , WELCH JOHN H. , ANDRÉ PAULO DE TARSO AFONSO DE
Published: March 2024

RESUMO O desequilíbrio do setor público brasileiro, medido pelo crescimento da dívida líquida global do setor público em relação ao PIB, é examinado com e sem o “Plano Cruzado”. Dois modelos são usados, um baseado em um quadro de tempo discreto e outro baseado em um quadro de tempo contínuo, para traçar trajetórias da relação dívida-PIB para o restante da década, concentrando-se no período 1985-1990. Chegam-se a duas conclusões principais. A primeira, de natureza teórica, é que os modelos de tempo discreto são inadequados em um contexto inflacionário, pois subestimam severamente o imposto inflacionário. A segunda é que o Plano Cruzado pode exercer forte pressão sobre as finanças do governo devido à queda drástica do imposto inflacionário.
Política salarial e distribuição de renda: uma proposta para discussão
Authors: GIAMBIAGI FÁBIO , VELLOSO RICARDO CICCHELLI
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Este artigo sugere uma política governamental para melhorar a distribuição de renda brasileira que se baseia na aplicação de uma fórmula que faz com que os aumentos de produtividade sejam repartidos de acordo com os salários relativos dos trabalhadores. Num contexto em que os constrangimentos de curto prazo - especialmente a inflação - não são tão importantes como eram até há pouco e os problemas estruturais tendem a ser o alvo principal da política do Governo, as conclusões deste artigo são que uma melhor distribuição do rendimento pode ser obtida se a economia continuar crescendo a taxas suficientemente altas e que isso pode ocorrer provocando perdas na renda de algumas classes de renda.
O protesto agrícola e as modificações da política para o setor
Authors: MELO FERNANDO HOMEM DE
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um resgate dos anúncios governamentais desde 1986 sobre a política agrícola e a reação de grupos organizados do setor a ela, com atenção especial dada ao papel dos preços mínimos.
Atuação do enfermeiro da Atenção Primária à Saúde no tratamento da Disfunção do Trato Urinário Inferior
Authors: Assis Gisela Maria , Rodrigues Nayara dos Santos , Oliveira Franciele de Freitas de , Silva Camilla Pinheiro Cristaldi da , Arruda Drielle Fernanda , Nunes Ana Carolina Silvy , Martins Gisele
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a atuação dos enfermeiros da Atenção Primaria à Saúde no tratamento da Disfunção do Trato Urinário Inferior. Método: Pesquisa transversal multi-metodológica, composta por etapas quantitativa e qualitativa, de forma independente e sequencial. Dados coletados de forma remota, por meio de questionário e grupo focal, analisados por estatística descritiva e análise temática de Braun e Clarke, respectivamente. O projeto foi aprovado sob Parecer no. 22691119.0.0000.0030. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 145 enfermeiros na etapa quantitativa e 20 na qualitativa, atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde do Brasil. Dos 93,1% enfermeiros que referiram já terem atendido pessoas com Disfunção do Trato Urinário, apenas 54,4% prestaram orientações, sendo principalmente para treinamento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico. Conclusão: Mesmo possuindo respaldo legal e acesso à demanda, os enfermeiros não têm conhecimento para oferecer tratamento conservador para Disfunção do Trato Urinário Inferior. Apesar disso, mostraram-se motivados para tal atuação desde que recebam capacitação específica.
Pulse oximetry test for screening congenital heart diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Saganski Gabrielle Freitas , Freire Márcia Helena de Souza , Santos Wendel Mombaque dos
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the accuracy of the Pulse Oximetry Test (POT) in screening for Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) in newborns in the first 48 hours of life. Method: Systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy with meta-analysis. The selection of studies was carried out in June 2021. Studies were selected with newborns, in a hospital or home environment, without a previous diagnosis of CHD, regardless of gestational age at birth, who underwent POT within the first 48 hours after birth. Registration on the PROSPERO platform – CRD42021256286. Results: Twenty-nine studies were included, totaling a population of 388,491 newborns. POT demonstrated sensitivity of 47% (95% CI: 43% to 50%) and specificity of 98% (95% CI: 98% to 98%). Subgroup analyses were carried out according to the different testing period, inclusion of retests in protocols and population of premature newborns. Conclusion: POT is a test with moderate sensitivity and high specificity. It is more effective when carried out within 24h – 48h of birth; in protocols that present retests, within two hours after the first measurement. It does not show satisfactory effectiveness for premature newborns.
Teste de oximetria de pulso para triagem de cardiopatias congênitas: revisão sistemática
Authors: Saganski Gabrielle Freitas , Freire Márcia Helena de Souza , Santos Wendel Mombaque dos
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a acurácia do Teste de Oximetria de Pulso (TOP) na triagem de Cardiopatias Congênitas (CC) em recém-nascidos nas primeiras 48 horas de vida. Método: Revisão sistemática de acurácia de teste diagnóstico com metanálise. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada em junho de 2021. Foram selecionados estudos com recém-nascidos, em ambiente hospitalar ou domiciliar, sem o diagnóstico prévio de CC, independentemente da idade gestacional ao nascimento, que realizaram o TOP entre as primeiras 48h após o nascimento. Registro na plataforma PROSPERO – CRD42021256286. Resultados: Foram incluídos 29 estudos, somando uma população total de 388.491 recém-nascidos. O TOP demonstrou sensibilidade de 47% (IC 95%: 43% a 50%) e especificidade de 98% (IC 95%: 98% a 98%). Foram realizadas análises dos subgrupos conforme período de realização do teste diferente, inclusão de retestes nos protocolos e população de recém-nascidos prematuros. Conclusão: O TOP é um teste de moderada sensibilidade e alta especificidade. Apresenta maior efetividade quando realizado no intervalo entre 24h – 48h do nascimento; em protocolos que apresentem retestes, em até duas horas após a primeira medida. Não apresenta efetividade satisfatória para recém-nascidos prematuros.
“Aprender com”: ecologia dos saberes e a obra de Davi Kopenawa
Authors: Pereira Marcus Abilio , Pateo Rogério Duarte do
Published: March 2024

Resumo Este artigo busca promover um diálogo entre a abordagem teórica e analítica de algumas das teorias pós-coloniais, e a obra político, filosófica e crítica sobre o Brasil que o xamã e ativista indígena yanomami Davi Kopenawa, representante do povo yanomami, oferece para os “Brancos”. Este trabalho se insere dentro do programa de pesquisa delineado por Santos e Menezes (2010) com o intuito de promover a construção epistemológica de uma ecologia dos saberes. Para tanto, iremos analisar o livro “A queda do céu - palavras de um xamã yanomami” produzido e escrito conjuntamente por Davi Kopenawa e pelo antropólogo Bruce Albert. Utilizaremos uma metodologia qualitativa de cunho descritivo que tem como procedimentos a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental de fonte de dados.
Intervenção precoce com crianças e famílias: desafio colaborativo para o serviço social
Authors: Menezes Manuel , Ribeiro Eugénia
Published: March 2024

Resumo Neste ensaio realizamos uma autorreflexão da intervenção do Serviço Social na ANIP em famílias com crianças expostas a fatores de risco ambiental. Procedemos a uma revisão sistemática da literatura, salientando: (i) a importância da abordagem centrada na família e as suas interligações com as perspetivas dos sistemas transacional/ecológico e (ii) o contributo dos conceitos de Enabling/Empowering Families para a mudança de paradigma e, consequente, substituição de modelos clínicos/assistencialistas por uma intervenção onde a família emerge como elemento ativo/fundamental nos processos de mudança. Dos resultados destacamos: (i) os desafios colocados aos profissionais na implementação de práticas colaborativas junto das famílias e (ii) as exigências do trabalho em equipe de intervenção precoce, tanto ao nível do conhecimento dos referenciais teóricos subjacentes à mediação com famílias, como da capacitação para, quando em face de circunstâncias concretas, tomar decisões baseadas na evidência e nas especificidades das crianças/famílias, por forma a melhor responder às suas necessidades singulares.
Pintar como relação: interações de pessoas e pinturas nas paredes de pedra
Authors: Isnardis Andrei
Published: March 2024

Resumo Este artigo se propõe a explorar o fenômeno das intensas interações entre grafismos rupestres, valendo-se da interlocução teórica entre Arqueologia e Etnologia indígena brasileiras. As interações em painéis rupestres são aqui analisadas em duas regiões de Minas Gerais: o Vale do Rio Peruaçu e Diamantina, áreas de pesquisa da equipe do Setor de Arqueologia do Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), enfatizando-se a primeira. Em ambas, há numerosíssimos casos de interações, quando novas pinturas (ou gravuras) são compostas em painéis que já estavam pintados (e/ou gravados). A interlocução com a Etnologia que aqui se faz tem como foco algumas das noções centrais apresentadas nos trabalhos etnográficos e nas sínteses etnológicas sobre sociedades ameríndias, sobretudo o caráter intensamente relacional de suas cosmologias e suas concepções sobre agência de não humanos. A proposta central, a partir do estudo dos acervos gráficos dessas duas regiões de Minas Gerais, é pensar a relação como elemento crucial da prática de pintar paredes rochosas já pintadas, relação essa em que pessoas e pinturas são, ambas, sujeitos.
Recursos florais e frutíferos para a fauna de espécies arbóreas indicadas para arborização urbana de São Paulo: em busca de uma cidade biodiversa1
Authors: Figueiredo Daniele do Prado , Oliveira Tamiris de , Meireles Leonardo Dias
Published: March 2024

RESUMO Árvores fornecem habitat e recursos para a fauna residente e transiente nas cidades. A escolha de espécies arbóreas para plantio urbano segue critérios multifatoriais, mas pouco considera os recursos que elas disponibilizam para a fauna. Objetivamos identificar grupos funcionais de 154 espécies arbóreas nativas indicadas para plantio urbano do município de São Paulo a partir dos recursos florais e frutíferos disponibilizados para visitantes florais e frutíferos potenciais. Observamos um número proporcional de espécies com dispersão abiótica e biótica e um predomínio de espécies de arbóreas polinizadas por abelhas ou com frutos carnosos consumidos por aves. Propusemos oito grupos funcionais caracterizados pelo compartilhamento de visitantes florais e frugívoros potenciais que apresentaram uma riqueza desigual. Uma escolha focada na identificação taxonômica e porte das espécies pode promover uma alta redundância funcional e impactar a riqueza de interações planta-animal e diminuir a permeabilidade das cidades para fauna.