bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in Online Social Networks (OSNs) Deal with Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Khan Hafiza Saba , Fatima Ubaida , Asrar Kashif
Published: May 2024

Climate change has become a rapid debate among the people because of the drastic challenges faced by the entire world. The Online Social Networking (OSN) site bestowed the medium of discussion where people share their opinions and concerns. In this research, the primary dataset is extracted by using the keyword #climatechange from the renowned OSN site X formerly known as Twitter for sentiment analysis. The objective of the study is to explore the topic of discussion conferred in the considered climate change dataset. This task is achieved with the help of a manually designed program in which three factors of climate change are inspected and analyzed. The TextBlob tool is employed for the annotation of the deemed factors. The results are interpreted with the help of three supervised machine learning classifiers namely Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, and Support Vector Machine. These three techniques are implemented to compare and contrast the results based on four parameters precision, recall, f1-score, and accuracy of the model. The Naïve Bayes classifier shows a significant performance among all the other classifiers.
Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway via XAV939 does not mitigate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Running Title: XAV939 does not mitigate Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Liang Shao-jie , Wang Kun , Mao Da-bin , Ouyang Qianqian , Xie Li-wei , Zhu Da-jian
Published: May 2024

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is known to be hyperactivated during the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, XAV939, in mitigating UC symptoms. Utilizing a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mouse model, we aimed to evaluate the impact of XAV939 on intestinal morphology through hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and to measure the expression levels of critical proteins within the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade. Contrary to our expectations, XAV939 did not exert a significant influence on the morphological features and inflammatory status of the intestinal epithelium. Nonetheless, XAV939 was found to effectively suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its downstream target SOX9. This suppression implies a reduction in the differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) into secretory cell progenitor cells. Additionally, XAV939 was ineffective in reversing the DSS-induced decline of Villin and PPAR-γ, suggesting that it does not facilitate the differentiation of intestinal absorptive cells. Our findings indicate that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may not be the predominant mechanism in the pathogenesis of DSS-induced UC.
Neural markers of methylphenidate response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the impact on executive function
Authors: Wang Anqi , Yang Hua , Yang Yue , Yang Jie , Yang Xiaowen , Wen Qianhui , Wang Qian , Liu Hao , Luo Rong
Published: May 2024

Background
Currently, objective biomarkers of methylphenidate (MPH) for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are lacking. Many symptoms of ADHD are associated with impaired executive function. We investigated the effects of MPH on executive function based on an electroencephalogram (EEG) and looked for biomarkers of responsiveness to methylphenidate in ADHD.
Methods
Twenty-two children with ADHD (18 males, 4 females; mean age 8.72 ± 1.46 years). All patients were treated with oral MPH 18 mg/day in the morning for 8 weeks. Executive function assessment and event-related potential (ERP) acquisition were completed at baseline and after 8 weeks of MPH treatment.
Results
We found that the BRIEF2 multiple factor scores in children with ADHD were significantly reduced after treatment with MPH (P < 0.05). The correct response time was lower than that at baseline, and the correctness rate was higher than that at baseline (P = 0.011, P = 0.016). Nogo-P300 latency at Fz was shorter than that at baseline (P < 0.001), and the latency at Pz was shorter than at baseline (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Normalization of the P300 components by MPH is a predictor of efficacy in children with ADHD who respond positively to this treatment. Thus, MPH can improve executive function deficits.
Enhancing Classification of Imbalanced Data using CA-SMOTE
Authors: Patil Sachin , Velankar Vikram , Mahajan Ruturaj
Published: May 2024

Imbalanced data classification poses challenges across domains like medical diag- nosis and fraud detection. While SMOTE addresses this by oversampling, its limitations include noise and overfitting. Variants like ADASYN offer improve- ments but still have drawbacks. To tackle these issues, CA-SMOTE emerges, leveraging both minority and majority classes to create diverse synthetic sam- ples. By closely aligning with the data distribution, CA-SMOTE aims to enhance model accuracy and reliability. Comparative evaluations demonstrate its supe- riority over SMOTE and other modern techniques in terms of F1-score and AUC-ROC. CA-SMOTE presents a promising avenue for improving imbalanced data classification across various real-world applications.
1H, 13C and 15N assignment of self-complemented MrkA protein antigen from Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Monaci Valentina , Gasperini Gianmarco , Banci Lucia , Micoli Francesca , Cantini Francesca
Published: May 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) poses an escalating threat to public health, particularly given its association with nosocomial infections and its emergence as a leading cause of neonatal sepsis, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Host cell adherence and biofilm formation of Kp is mediated by type 1 and type 3 fimbriae whose major fimbrial subunits are encoded by the fimA and mrkA genes, respectively. In this study, we focus on MrkA subunit, which is a 20 KDa protein whose 3D molecular structure remains elusive. We applied solution NMR to characterize a recombinant version of MrkA in which the donor strand segment situated at the protein's N-terminus is relocated to the C-terminus, preceded by a hexaglycine linker. This construct yields a self-complemented variant of MrkA. Remarkably, the self-complemented MrkA monomer loses its capacity to interact with other monomers and to extend into fimbriae structures. We succeed to assign the 13C-15N- self-complemented MrkA monomer, with carbon atoms resonances accounting for 81%, backbone nitrogen atoms resonances for 92%, and proton resonances for 92%. Furthermore, an examination of its internal mobility unveiled that relaxation parameters are predominantly uniform across the polypeptide sequence, except for the glycine-rich region within loop 175-180. These data pave the way to a comprehensive structural elucidation of the MrkA monomer and to structurally map the molecular interaction regions between MrkA and antigen-induced antibodies.
Heat and Economics: Climate Change's Influence on Madagascar's GDP
Authors: Josué ANDRIANADY R. , Fitiavan Randriamifidy M. , Jovianah Andrianavony K.
Published: May 2024

Employing a VAR model, this research delves into Mada-gascar’s economic dynamics, particularly its GDP growth, agricultural production, and land use, with a pronounced emphasis on the profound influence of temperature fluctuations. The results illuminate the intricate interplay between economic activities and climatic variations, em-phasizing the susceptibility of the economy to temperature changes. This underscores the urgency of formulating adaptive strategies that mitigate the adverse effects of temperature fluctuations, enabling not only economic growth but also environmental sustainability—a synergy crucial for Madagascar’s prosperous future.
Tourism's Impact on Inclusive Growth and CO2 Emissions in the Case of Madagascar
Authors: Josué ANDRIANADY R. , Andreas Jonathan M. , Alyda CAMARA E. , RANDRIANANTENAINA Kantotiana S.
Published: May 2024

This research investigates the multifaceted relationship between tourism, economic growth, and carbon emis-sions in Madagascar. Regression analyses were con-ducted to examine the impact of tourism receipts on eco-nomic growth and tourist arrivals on CO2 levels. The re-sults indicate a significant positive association between tourism and economic growth, highlighting the sector’s pivotal role in driving Madagascar’s economy. Con-versely, tourist arrivals were found to contribute to in-creased carbon emissions, emphasizing the need for sus-tainable tourism practices to mitigate environmental im-pacts. Additionally, recommendations are provided for enhancing road infrastructure, promoting ecotourism, diversifying touristic offerings, digitizing tourism ser-vices, promoting environmental sustainability, investing in continuous training for tourism personnel, and foster-ing public-private partnerships to stimulate further de-velopment in Madagascar’s tourism sector.
A Systematic Review of Financial Risk Early Warning in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: CHAO YU , Elias Nur Fazidah Binti , Yahya Yazrina Binti , Jenal Ruzzakiah
Published: May 2024

Early warning of financial risk is critical for developing higher educational institutions (HEIs). This review uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to discuss the current research status, leading causes, early warning techniques, and algorithms of financial risk management in HEIs. Based on the WoS database, 139 articles meeting the research criteria were selected from 451 relevant literature for in-depth analysis. The results show that the current research on financial risk management in HEIs mainly focuses on developing risk identification, assessment, and early warning models. The primary sources of university financial risk include the instability of fundraising and distribution, decreased financial allocation, and intensified market competition. In response to these risks, scholars have proposed various early warning models and technologies, such as univariate, multivariable, and artificial neural network models, to predict and manage these risks better. In terms of methodology, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on the study of university financial risk through quantitative and qualitative analysis. This study reveals the main research trends and gaps in this field through literature screening and cluster analysis. Finally, this study discusses the practical significance of financial risk management in HEIs. It makes suggestions for future research directions, especially in improving the accuracy and applicability of early warning systems. This literature review has important theoretical value for the academic community and provides practical guidance for HEI administrators.
The Effect of Monetary Policy on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from BRICS Nations
Authors: Singh Satendra Kumar , Verma Reetika
Published: May 2024

The study attempts to empirically explore how monetary policy influences economic growth in BRICS nation. The interconnections shared by economic growth and monetary policy measures has been investigated by employing different statistical methods including fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS). Cointegration and causality analysis has also been utilized. Long term connections among the studied variables has been revealed by the co-integration test. The regression analyses demonstrated that money supply positively and significantly impacts the economic growth. The causality test also revealed significant linkages of the economic growth with money supply as well as with capital formation and interest rates. Other considered variables like annual population growth, nominal exchange rate and percentage of total natural resources to GDP were not found to have any connection with the economic growth of the BRICS nation. The results emphasize that among the factors studied, money supply most significantly influences economic growth of BRICS nation. Policymakers and the monetary authorities might gain useful insights from the findings. The monetary policy initiatives should be more focused to improve the overall economic development. The findings suggest to enhance the impact of monetary policy in the region through promoting greater financial inclusion. As broadening the access to financial services could potentially help in stimulating the economic growth. Furthermore, it is suggested to the monetary authorities of BRICS nation to make revisions in the existing monetary strategies. This revision should focus on improving aspects that do not currently support economic growth.
Afterword - L1 Education between von Humboldt and Chat GTP
Authors: Bax Sander , Kroon Sjaak , Spotti Massimiliano
Published: May 2024

L1 education has its main foundation in von Humboldt's concept of Bildung integrating the study of language and literature as a contribution to personal growth. Since this perspective gets less attention nowadays, it is argued that we need to re-invent L1 education as meaning-making in which not only offline texts but also all sorts of online products need to be taken as a starting point for learning to reason as an antidote to recent societal developments that in the long run might cause a potential threat to democracy as we know it. In addition, contemporary L1 education is also facing the challenges of globalization and digitalization. Globalization-induced mobility and immigration lead to, among other things, super-diverse classrooms that include a gamut of languages, cultures, and religions. In reaction, L1 education tends to take a rather narrow focus on national, or even nationalistic, contents in the field of language, literature, and culture, potentially leading to the exclusion of certain categories of students. Digitalization, booming business in educational contexts due to the COVID-19 pandemic, also poses challenges to L1 education. Students need to become digitally literate citizens to survive in the post-digital world they inhabit, and L1 education has both the tools and the means to help them acquire digital literacy skills and awareness. To shape L1 education in such a way that it can cope with these challenges, we need to base the L1 curriculum, its subject contents, and its didactic approach on research that starts where the teachers and students are, that is, in the classroom, and that takes their practical experiences seriously. The qualitative research methodologies developed within the International Mother Tongues Education Network can play a role in formulating a timely and successful L1 research program.
The Effectiveness of Augmented Reality Offered with Constant Time Delay Procedure in Teaching the Functions of Organs to Students with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Şafak Pınar , Yavuz Mehmet
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Science course allows student to follow scientific developments, understand and interpret the events that occur around them, and develop scientific process skills. Different methods are employed in teaching science to student childeren with intellectual disabilities. There has been a recent increase in technology-supported methods. One of the technology-supported methods is Augmented Reality. For this reason, the effectiveness of the augmented reality provided with the constant time delay procedure in teaching the functions of the organs to childeren with intellectual disabilities was investigated in the present study. The study was conducted in the individual education setting of a private special education and rehabilitation center.
Method: Three students who had intellectual disabilities participated in the study. The multiple probe design with probe conditions. Phases across behaviors, which is one of the single-case research designs, was used in the study.
Findings: According to the study results, it was found that all participants acquired the target behaviors successfully and the participants retained the behaviors they acquired after the teaching of organs and their functions ended and they were able to generalize the behaviors they acquired to different materials.
Discussion: Based on the results of the study, it can be argued that the Augmented Reality offered with the Constant Time Delay Procedure is effective in teaching science subjects to childeren with intellectual disabilities. It can also be argued that the permanence of the acquired behaviors is high when students who have mental disabilities are taught science subjects by using Augmented Reality along with the Constant Time Delay Procedure. To generalize the results obtained in the present study, it may be suggested that the same practice be performed with other experimenters and different age groups. For the social validity of the study, the teachers of the participants expressed positive opinions about the Augmented Reality offered with target behaviors and Constant Time Delay Procedure.
Exploring Therapeutic Frontiers: Unveiling the Potential of Natural Diterpenoid Derivatives in Addressing Neurological Disorders
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Gupta Jeetendra Kumar , Jain Divya , Kumar Shivendra , Saha Sunam , Sharma Ashwani
Published: May 2024

Neurological disorders present a formidable challenge in healthcare, necessitating the
continuous exploration of innovative therapeutic avenues. This review delves into the burgeoning
field of natural diterpenoid derivatives and their promising role in addressing neurological
disorders. Derived from natural sources, these compounds exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological
properties, positioning them as potential agents for treating conditions such as Alzheimer's
and Parkinson's disease. The review highlights recent advancements, shedding light on the
multifaceted mechanisms through which diterpenoid derivatives exert their effects, from antiinflammatory
to neuroprotective actions. As the scientific community navigates the translational
journey from bench to bedside, integrating these natural compounds into neurotherapeutics
emerges as a compelling prospect. This exploration of the therapeutic frontiers of natural
diterpenoid derivatives signifies a significant step towards innovative and effective strategies in
the management of neurological disorders. It highlights the potential of natural compounds to
revolutionize neurotherapeutics.
A Comprehensive Review on the Significance of Cysteine in Various
Metabolic Disorders; Particularly CVD, Diabetes, Renal Dysfunction, and
Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Aziz Namra , Wal Pranay , Sinha Rishika , Shirode Prashant Ramesh , Chakraborthy GunoSindhu , Sharma Mukesh Chandra , Kumar Pankaj
Published: May 2024

:

Metabolic disorders have long been a challenge for medical professionals and are a
leading cause of mortality in adults. Diabetes, cardiovascular disorders (CVD), renal dysfunction,
and ischemic stroke are the most prevalent ailments contributing to a high mortality rate worldwide.
Reactive oxygen species are one of the leading factors that act as a fundamental root cause
of metabolic syndrome. All of these disorders have their respective treatments, which, to some degree,
sabotage the pathological worsening of the disease and an inevitable death. However, they
pose a perilous health hazard to humankind. Cysteine, a functional amino acid shows promise for
the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders, such as CVD, Diabetes mellitus, renal dysfunction,
and ischemic stroke. In this review, we explored whether cysteine can eradicate reactive
oxygen species and subsequently prevent and treat these diseases.
Wound Healing Effects of Liposomal Nanocurcumin and PL Pro Nanocurcumin on Thermal Burn and Skin Ulcer
Authors: Pham Anh Van Thi , Luong Anh Quang , Dao Dung Kim Thi , Nguyen Vy Nhat Dao , Nguyen Tam Cong , Dao Thoa Thi , Luu Long Hai , Luu Lan Hai , Dong Gioi Huy , Bui Huong Thu Thi , Tran Tung Thanh , Dau Duong Thuy , Van Nguyen Hai , Luu Minh Hai , Nguyen Loan Thanh Thi
Published: May 2024

Background

Burn injuries and skin ulcers are important health problems resulting in physical and psychological scars and chronic disabilities. This study investigated the wound-healing effects of liposomal nanocurcumin and PL pro nanocurcumin on thermal burns in rats and doxorubicin-induced skin ulcers in mice and their systemic toxicity.

Methods

Having subjected to a cylindrical hot steel rod onto the dorsum, burned lesions were covered topically with silver sulfadiazine/liposomal nanocurcumin/PL pro nanocurcumin twice a day for 21 days. Besides, the other skin lesions which were induced by a single intradermal injection of doxorubicin on the dorsal region were topically administered with dimethyl sulfoxide/liposomal nanocurcumin/PL pro nanocurcumin twice a day for 21 days.

Results

The results indicated that liposomal nanocurcumin and PL pro nanocurcumin significantly reduced the wound size, increased the hydroxyproline content in animals’ skin, and improved the histopathological structure of the affected tissues. Specifically, liposomal nanocurcumin demonstrated better healing results than PL pro nanocurcumin on thermal burns. Furthermore, topical administration of liposomal and PL pro nanocurcumin was deemed not to exert any systemic toxicity to the wounded animals by not influencing considerably the hematological parameters and renal and hepatic functions and altering the histology of the liver and kidney. Additionally, liposomal nanocurcumin and PL pro nanocurcumin with average sizes of 206 nm and 344 nm were well-dispersed in water, accentuating that the disadvantages of limited water solubility have been overcome.

Conclusion

Thus, liposomal nanocurcumin and PL pro nanocurcumin exerted effective effects on burned wounds and skin ulcers whilst triggering no systemic toxicity in wounded animals.
Corrigendum to: Mechanism of HSP90 Inhibitor in the Treatment of DSS-induced
Colitis in Mice by Inhibiting MAPK Pathway and Synergistic Effect of Compound
Sophorae Decoction
Authors: Yuan Yuyi , Wu Hui , Shuai Bo , Liu Chang , Zhu Feng , Gao Fei , Wei Chunzhu , Fan Heng
Published: May 2024

A typographical error appeared in the title of the article “Mechanism of HSP90 Inhibitor in the Treatment of DSS-induced Colitis in Mice
by Inhibiting MAPK Pathway and Synergistic Effect of Compound Sophora Decoction”, published in Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2022;
28(42): 3456-3468 [1].

Details of the error and a correction are provided below.

Original:

Mechanism of HSP90 Inhibitor in the Treatment of DSS-induced Colitis in Mice by Inhibiting MAPK Pathway and Synergistic Effect of
Compound Sophora Decoction

Corrected:

Mechanism of HSP90 Inhibitor in the Treatment of DSS-induced Colitis in Mice by Inhibiting MAPK Pathway and Synergistic Effect of
Compound Sophorae Decoction

We regret the error and apologize to readers.

The original article can be found online at: https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/127740
Suitability of Nickel-base Shape Memory Alloys for Selection and use in Sensing Applications
Authors: Oak Sachin , Rane Kedarnath , Belwanshi Vinod , Bhole Kiran , Srivatsan T. S.
Published: May 2024

In the prevailing era, an influential shape memory alloy (SMA) nitinol has
emerged as a potentially viable and economically affordable material that is capable of
playing a significant role in both existing and emerging technological applications
spanning the domains of aircraft and aerospace, biomaterials in bioengineering, sensors
in health monitoring, advanced manufacturing, and microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS), to name a few. A high strain recovering capability coupled with superelasticity are two key and essential characteristics of a “smart” material that distinguish
it easily from its conventional counterparts. The phase transformation behavior shown
by nitinol (NiTi) was found to be governed by intrinsic variations in temperature. In
order to obtain the desired application-based functionality of this high performing
material, potentially viable approaches include the following: (i) an alteration of its
chemical composition, (ii) the addition of ternary elements and quaternary elements,
and (iii) the use different processing treatments. These approaches are being constantly
studied, carefully and systematically examined and frequently reported in the published
literature. In this manuscript, an effort is made to present and discuss several of the
recent advances specific to the NiTi-based shape memory alloy applications and its
phase transformation behaviour when subject to processing treatments. The influence
of compositional variation of the NiTi-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) and even its
ternary variants and quaternary variants, coupled with the role and/or influence of
different processing treatments on both macroscopic properties and microscopic
properties is the focus. The emphasis on increasing the suitability of shape memory
alloys (SMSs) for selection and use in a spectrum of sensing-related or sensing specific
applications is highlighted and briefly discussed.
Nitrogen Additions to Type 316L Stainless Steel to Enhance its High Temperature Performance for Structural Applications in Fast Reactors
Authors: Vasudevan M. , Karthik V. , Nagesha A. , Prasad Reddy G. V.
Published: May 2024

The high-temperature performance of the nitrogen added 316L stainless
steels including the high-temperature mechanical properties, workability and
weldability have been investigated in detail by systematic studies with nitrogen
contents in the range of 0.07-0.22wt.%. Strength and creep resistance were found to
increase with increasing nitrogen content at room and elevated temperatures. However,
resistance to creep-fatigue damage, fracture toughness, resistance to fatigue crack
growth, workability, and weldability were found to degrade beyond 0.14wt% of
nitrogen content at service temperature. Therefore, the maximum nitrogen content in
316L stainless steel is recommended to be 0.14wt% for better high-temperature
performance in structural applications of fast reactors.
Additive Manufacturing of Composite Materials for Use in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chauhan Kunal , Divyanshu  , Karloopia Jimmy , Walia R. S. , Srivatsan T. S.
Published: May 2024

The life of human beings is moving at a breakneck pace, with a fast-moving
life demanding the need for devices for use in biomedical applications, which attracts
the interested researcher to work on ensuring novel breakthroughs. Processing of
biomaterials is one of the key factors that will exert an influence on impacting the
attributes of a biomaterial. Additive manufacturing is one of the promising routes by
which layer-by-layer creation of parts takes place from a computer-aided design (CAD)
file. Parts that cannot or are difficult to manufacture by other processing routes can be
easily manufactured using the technique of additive manufacturing (AM). Parts, such
as (i) stents, (ii) customized prosthetics, (iii) organs, and (iv) implants can be easily
manufactured using the technique of additive manufacturing (AM). With noticeable
advances in the domain specific to additive manufacturing, the biomedical field is
being revolutionized, and viable solutions to difficult problems are being put forth with
ease, and the resultant by-products offer a combination of acceptable to good
properties. The key benefits of the technique of additive manufacturing (AM) are low
cost, minimal material waste, and enhanced product reliability. This study explores
recent developments in both alloys and composite materials processed by the
techniques of additive manufacturing for selection and use in biomedical applications.
This review provides a highlight of the different additive manufacturing techniques
with specific reference to biomedical applications and additive manufacturing of
titanium alloys, the Co-Cr alloy, the magnesium alloys and their composite
counterparts. Multidisciplinary research will be required to meet and overcome any and
all obstacles while concurrently fulfilling the potential of additive manufacturing (AM)
in the years ahead.
Aluminium Nanocomposites Developed by Additive Manufacturing for Use in Automobile Applications: Advances and Approaches
Authors: Shukla Amarish Kumar , Sharma Sumit Kumar , Sharma Prashant
Published: May 2024

Aluminium has a lightweight (density is 2.7 g/cm3
), high specific strength,
and excellent wear and corrosion resistance properties. Due to these properties,
aluminium and its alloys are the most commonly used for structural, automobile, and
aerospace applications. However, these monolithic materials have poor mechanical
properties which are significant barriers to their further development. The resulting
materials, when reinforced with ceramic particles, enhance the properties of materials
and are capable of meeting the majority of industrial requirements. The reinforcement
of ceramic affects the properties of developed composites. The composite fabricated by
the conventional process has a limitation to the segregation of reinforced ceramic
particles, porosity, weak interfacial bonding, and lower strength. Besides, additive
manufacturing (AM) provides design freedom and dense and high-strength
components. In the present study, advances in aluminium nanocomposite developed by
laser powder bed fusion processes have been studied in detail. In addition, the objective
of this chapter is to focus on the fabrication routes, formation mechanisms, effect of
process parameters and its effect on laser absorption, grain refinement, interfacial
bonding and mechanical properties of aluminium nanocomposite discussed in detail.
The future scope of laser-processed aluminium composite is also briefly discussed.
Processing and Fabrication of Sisal Fibers Reinforced Composites: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Bhargava S. , Rohit K. , Dhakar K. , Srivatsan T. S.
Published: May 2024

This study provides a short, succinct and convincing review of the studies
researchers have performed on sisal natural fibre and its applicability for selection and
use as a potentially viable and economically affordable reinforcement for engineering
composite materials. As the technologies are developing rapidly day by day and the
demand for developing and manufacturing eco-friendly materials is also increasing, the
use of the bio-degradable reinforcements, like bamboo, sisal, jute, cotton and hemp, is
of utmost concern. Made evident from a few to several other research studies, in
comparison to the fabricated natural fibre-reinforced composite materials, the sisal
fibres indicate considerable results that favour their applicability. Environmental
contamination happens in various aspects of industrial processes, such as production,
disposal, and recycling of synthetic fiber-reinforced composites due to their widespread
selection and use. Sisal fiber is a good example of an environmentally acceptable
natural fiber having significant mechanical qualities, which can be utilized for
reinforcing a variety of polymer matrices. This review article provides a coverage of
the intricacies specific to the manufacture of sisal fiber-reinforced composite materials,
variables that impact their characteristics, surface treatments used to prevent the
presence of flaws, and mechanical tests required to determine their strength. Prior
testing attempts on the sisal fiber-reinforced composites are addressed in order to aid in
future research to reveal the advantages and usage of such a material in a more
effective and efficient manner. The current era of rapidly changing manufacturing
environment and technological advancements highlighting such scenarios calls for a
substantial amount of research to be performed on: (i) structure of sisal fibre, (ii) sisal
fibre extraction/preparatory processes, and (iii) surface treatments of sisal fibres
combined with other matrices.
Engineered Iron-Oxide Based Nanomaterials for Magnetic Hyperthermia
Authors: Mehak  , Thummer Rajkumar P. , Pandey Lalit M. , Srivatsan T. S.
Published: May 2024

Ferrite nanomaterials are extensively studied for their use in the biomedical
field primarily because of their tunable magnetic properties and biocompatibility. The
use of magnetic nanomaterials, particularly the iron-based nanoparticles, for
hyperthermia treatment is one of the emerging applications. However, there are
practical constraints on the overall applicability of pure iron-oxide nanoparticles
(IONPs) for hyperthermia treatment. In this regard, doping foreign metal ions in the
crystal lattice of pure iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) possessing a spinel or inversespinel structure remains to be the simplest approach for the purpose of improving the
desired properties. Doping other metal ions into the iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)
causes strain in the crystal lattice and is responsible for engineering the structural
properties and magnetic properties. Various elements, such as the rare-earth (RE)
metals, especially the lanthanides [Yttrium, Gadolinium and Europium], the transition
metals [manganese, cobalt, nickel and zinc], and other metals [gold, silver, calcium,
titanium, copper and magnesium] are being investigated for their potential to serve as
dopants. The divalent transition metals [manganese, cobalt and nickel] doped ironoxide nanoparticles possess highly improved magnetic properties. Incorporating
trivalent ions of lanthanides improves the structural properties, magnetic properties,
and dielectric properties of the iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). Moreover, doping
with zinc, gold and silver imparts the ion-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with
antibacterial properties while concurrently tuning their structural properties and
magnetic outputs.
POEM "RUANG HIJAU" BY NATASHA RIZKY AND EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LITERATURE STUDY
Authors: Azhari  , Yeni Artanti  , Muhammad Zikrullah  , Dinda Destari
Published: May 2024

Poetry is one of the literary works whose emotional expression is sometimes difficult to understand. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of emotion and its meaning in the poem "Ruang Hijau" by Natasha Rizky. This research implements a descriptive-qualitative paradigm type. Data was obtained from a book entitled "Kamu Tidak Istimewa." This book was written by Natasha Rizky herself. Published by Elex Media Komputindo. The data was obtained by copying and documenting it in a research draft. The process of data analysis in this study involves analysis involving data texts and in-depth analysis of each data text, followed by status analysis. The data text of the book was carefully read line by line to find the essence of each narrative by numbering each line. The results show that this poem contains only two emotional expressions, namely the emotional expressions of sadness and fear. While the expressions of joy, courage, and anger are not found in the poem, Expressions of sadness mean that sadness, pain, and fatigue are experienced. Expressions of fear mean weakness in the face of pressure, while the narrative of struggle symbolizes her hope for help. It also has the meaning of loneliness and longing for help from others.
Influence of financial literacy on investment decisions of managers of small and medium enterprises in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors:   Faculty of Management Science, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia, Abdi Abdikarin Ahmed
Published: May 2024

This research aimed to explore how well managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Mogadishu, Somalia, understand financial concepts such as savings, managing debt, handling financial risks, and planning for retirement, and how this understanding affects their investment decisions. The background of the study highlights that many SMEs in Mogadishu struggle to sustain their operations, with low profits or failure often due to poor investment choices. To investigate the link between financial literacy and investment decision-making among these managers, the study was based on the principles of modern portfolio theory. The research used a correlational design to analyze data from 250 targeted SMEs, with 154 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection was facilitated by questionnaires, and the analysis involved calculating means, standard deviations, and conducting regression analysis. The findings indicated that among the financial literacy components, debt management had the most significant impact on investment decisions (β=0.490, p<0.05), followed by financial risk management (β=0.137, p<0.05), and lastly, the ability to save (β=0.128, p<0.05). The study concluded that financial literacy plays a crucial role in influencing investment decisions among SME managers in Mogadishu, suggesting that improving financial knowledge could lead to better business outcomes.
Understanding Risk Factors for Oropharyngeal Gonorrhea Among Sex Workers Attending Sexual Health Clinics in 2 Australian Cities: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Phillips Tiffany R , Fairley Christopher K , Maddaford Kate , McNulty Anna , Donovan Basil , Guy Rebecca , McIver Ruthy , Wigan Rebecca , Varma Rick , Ong Jason J , Callander Denton , Skelsey Gabrielle , Pony Mish , O'Hara Dylan , Bilardi Jade E , Chow Eric PF
Published: May 2024

Background

The risk factors for oropharyngeal gonorrhea have not been examined in sex workers despite the increasing prevalence of gonorrhea infection.

Objective

This study aims to determine the risk factors for oropharyngeal gonorrhea in female and gender-diverse sex workers (including cisgender and transgender women, nonbinary and gender fluid sex workers, and those with a different identity) and examine kissing, oral sex, and mouthwash practices with clients.

Methods

This mixed methods case-control study was conducted from 2018 to 2020 at 2 sexual health clinics in Melbourne, Victoria, and Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. We recruited 83 sex workers diagnosed with oropharyngeal gonorrhea (cases) and 581 sex workers without (controls). Semistructured interviews with 19 sex workers from Melbourne were conducted.

Results

In the case-control study, the median age of 664 sex workers was 30 (IQR 25-36) years. Almost 30% of sex workers (192/664, 28.9%) reported performing condomless fellatio on clients. Performing condomless fellatio with clients was the only behavior associated with oropharyngeal gonorrhea (adjusted odds ratio 3.6, 95% CI 1.7-7.6; P=.001). Most participants (521/664, 78.5%) used mouthwash frequently. In the qualitative study, almost all sex workers reported kissing clients due to demand and generally reported following clients’ lead with regard to kissing style and duration. However, they used condoms for fellatio because they considered it a risky practice for contracting sexually transmitted infections, unlike cunnilingus without a dental dam.

Conclusions

Our study shows that condomless fellatio is a risk factor for oropharyngeal gonorrhea among sex workers despite most sex workers using condoms with their clients for fellatio. Novel interventions, particularly targeting the oropharynx, will be required for oropharyngeal gonorrhea prevention.
“Notification! You May Have Cancer.” Could Smartphones and Wearables Help Detect Cancer Early?
Authors: Scott Suzanne E , Thompson Matthew J
Published: May 2024

This viewpoint paper considers the authors’ perspectives on the potential role of smartphones, wearables, and other technologies in the diagnosis of cancer. We believe that these technologies could be valuable additions in the pursuit of early cancer diagnosis, as they offer solutions to the timely detection of signals or symptoms and monitoring of subtle changes in behavior that may otherwise be missed. In addition to signal detection, technologies could assist symptom interpretation and guide and facilitate access to health care. This paper aims to provide an overview of the scientific rationale as to why these technologies could be valuable for early cancer detection, as well as outline the next steps for research and development to drive investigation into the potential for smartphones and wearables in this context and optimize implementation. We draw attention to potential barriers to successful implementation, including the difficulty of the development of signals and sensors with sufficient utility and accuracy through robust research with the target group. There are regulatory challenges; the potential for innovations to exacerbate inequalities; and questions surrounding acceptability, uptake, and correct use by the intended target group and health care practitioners. Finally, there is potential for unintended consequences on individuals and health care services including unnecessary anxiety, increased symptom burden, overinvestigation, and inappropriate use of health care resources.
Variability of Primary Productivity as an Initial Link in Carbon Flux Under the Influence of Hydrological Conditions in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Mosharov Sergey , Mosharova Irina , Borovkova Kristina , Bubnova Ekaterina
Published: May 2024

Investigating variability in phytoplankton primary productivity as a key component of the “biological pump” is critical to quantifying flux in the marine environment. We hypothesized that under certain hydrological conditions, changes in phytoplankton productivity are greater with changes in photosynthetic efficiency (the ratio of primary production (P P ) to the rate of electron transport in the phytoplankton photosystem, P P /ETR) than with changes in chlorophyll content. This study showed that increase of P P during sharp changes in hydrological parameters in the temporary frontal South-East Baltic (SEB) is achieved by increasing the efficiency of photosynthesis, i.e., the degree of use of light energy captured by chlorophyll a (Chl a). In the Gulf of Finland (GF), an increase in P P followed an increase in salinity from the Neva mouth to the sea and controls chlorophyll contents with low variability in photosynthetic efficiency. For SEB and GF, measurements of parameters of phytoplankton productivity and chlorophyll a content in late autumn (November) are carried out. The first stage of carbon flow (in biological pump), expressed in terms of primary production, was higher in the SEB than in the GF
Refinement of cooking oil using activated carbon from coconut shell and zeolite
Authors: Jumiati Ety
Published: May 2024

Bulk cooking oil is obtained from traditional markets and and relatively has a characteristic color that tends to be brownish and unclear; cooking oil has been repeatedly used after frying, resulting in physical changes such as darkening, thickening, and foaming. If bulk cooking oil is repeatedly used for frying, it can be detrimental to health as it may accumulate saturated fatty acids in the oil. This condition prompted the search for solutions to purify bulk cooking oil and use cooking oil using processed zeolite and coconut shell-activated carbon as adsorbents to improve the quality of cooking oil. This research utilizes an experimental-quantitative method. Variations in composition include sample A (bulk cooking oil: 75% and processed natural zeolite: 25%), sample B (bulk cooking oil: 75% and coconut shell activated carbon: 25%), sample C (used cooking oil: 75% and processed natural zeolite: 25%), and sample D (used cooking oil: 75% and coconut shell activated carbon: 25%). The research results on the quality of coconut shell activated carbon obtain moisture content of 13.2%, ash content of 2.1%, volatile matter content of 17.9%, and carbon content of 80.0%, which meets the SNI 06-3730-1995 standard. Meanwhile, the quality results of cooking oil after the purification process obtain moisture content values of 0.09-0.10%, free fatty acid values of 0.14-0.30%, and normal color that does not exceed the maximum standard required by SNI 7709:2019 with a percentage reduction in moisture content of 0-60% and free fatty acids of 0-63.41%.
Integrated microcontroller mq sensors for monitoring biogas: Advancements in methane and hydrogen sulfide detection
Authors: Negara I Gede Artha , Anakottapary Daud Simon , Widiantara Ida Bagus Gde , Midiani Luh Putu Ike , Nindhia Tjokorda Gde Tirta , Santhiarsa I Gusti Ngurah Nitya
Published: May 2024

Recent technological advances in microcontroller systems enable novel biogas monitoring capabilities. This study investigates microcontroller-based quantification of methane and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in biogas derived from anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digesters were fed either 100% cow dung substrates or a 50:50 mixture of cow dung with municipal solid waste (MSW). Methane levels were monitored using an MQ-4 sensor, hydrogen sulfide via an MQ-136 sensor, and temperature with a K-type thermocouple, all integrated with an ATmega 2560 microcontroller system. The 100% cow dung digester produced biogas with maximum methane concentrations of 3488 ppm at 21 days, indicating improved methane production compared to the 50:50 mixture of cow dung with MSW. Hydrogen sulfide reached 195 ppm and 192 ppm for the 100% cow dung and mixed digesters. Mesophilic temperature conditions were maintained throughout the digestion process. Real-time quantification of biogas composition demonstrates the capabilities of microcontroller-based anaerobic digester monitoring to provide precise methane and hydrogen sulfide measurements.
Development of an innovation ecosystem model in handling the covid-19 in Indonesia
Authors: Handayani Isyalia Dwi , Ikhwan Hakimul , Pangaribowo Evita Hanie
Published: May 2024

Technological innovation in the medical area is vital when the COVID-19 pandemic strikes, including in Indonesia. One of the essential innovations is a health facility for infection testing. Through the TFRIC-19 program, several Indonesian researchers have developed a mobile laboratory named Mobile Lab Biosafety Level 2 (MBSL2). MBSL2 is one of the medical innovations from the TFRIC-19 program as a measure to handle the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. TFRIC-19 is an innovation system initiated by government institutions in the RnD area. Establishing TFRIC-19 was the initial step in handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research aims to identify the actor's role in developing MBSL2. The technique uses the Ecosystem Pie Model (EPM) approach for analysis. It was found that the most essential aspect of creating innovation is collaboration between involved actors.
Structural Analysis and Optimization of Washing Machine Spider, Drum and Shaft
Authors: Kohale Siddhesh , Situt Shardul , Solankurkar Mihir , Sole Nilay , Srivastav Harshit , Sulla Kartik , Sulla Kartik
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This project's thesis centers on identifying diverse loading scenarios and leveraging their outcomes to optimize two components of a washing machine. The initial phase of this report involves generating a numerical model of a washing machine. This encompasses assembling it in a mechanical software program (ANSYS) and defining specific boundary conditions and material properties for the problem. Decisions on simulation parameters, such as mesh size, types of elements, and the number of iterations in the calculations, will also be made. An examination of various loading scenarios is conducted to gain an overall understanding of the problem and select four specific cases for application in reconstructing the target parts (Spider and front cover). This examination involves calculating the worst relative angle between the Spider and the resultant force for two opposing loads inside the drum. The resulting angle is found to be 35º between the arm and the direction of the resultant force. By applying these diverse loading conditions to the model, the mechanical behavior of the parts will be determined, and this information will be utilized in the reconstruction. Mechanical behavior, in this context, refers to understanding the maximum levels of stress (tension, compression, and shear) and deformation (displacement and strain). Once the critical points of stress in the Spider and front cover are identified, various new shapes are created. The reconstruction parameters considered include volume reduction, stress level reduction, and deformation. Two of these shapes are selected and tested in the numerical model as a validation process.