bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Secondary Metabolites and Radical Scavenging Aptitude for Better Adaptability of Mangroves in Varying Salinity of Sundarbans, India
Authors: Dasgupta Nirjhar , Sengupta Chandan , Das Sauren
Published: September 2019

Comparative adaptability in five halophytes (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera fomes, Phoenix paludosa and Xylocarpus granatum, of which, H. fomes and X. granatum presently are stressed in Sundarbans area) were evaluated with respect to occurrence of total phenol, flavonoids, and radical scavenging ability following ABTS [2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)], DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay and Fe2+ chelating ability.
Amount of total phenol (TP) and flavonoids (TF) were much higher in all taxa grown in Sundarbans than those of mesophytic one. TP and TF were significantly augmented as the substrate salinity increased in B. gymnorrhiza, E. agallocha and P. paludosa but disordered in H. fomes and X. granatum, where increment occurred only up to a certain salinity level. Percent of free radical scavenging of extractants by DPPH and ABTS radical perceived significant correlation with salinity in former three but differ in H. fomes and X. granatum. Ferrous ion chelating ability also showed the similar trend.
Owing to polyphenols occurrence and ROS scavengers, the present work clearly indicates the better adaptability of B. gymnorrhiza, E. agallocha and P. paludosa in elevated substrate salinity than those of the other two. Lower ROS scavenging ability of H. fomes and X. granatum also points to their perilous occurrence in elevated saline zones.
Factors Contributing to the Decline of the Anchovy Fisheries in Krueng Raya Bay, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Imran Zulhamsyah , Yamao Masahiro
Published: September 2019

Anchovy fisheries in Indonesia faces an imminent collapse in the next decade. This research explores some crucial factors contributing to the overfishing or depletion of anchovy resources. It was conducted in Krueng Raya Bay during September – October 2012. Survey, focus group discussion and interviews were implemented to explore the state of anchovy and coastal ecosystem degradation. It was shown that 52% of the total production was caught by lift net boats during the west monsoon season of 2012. Simple regression analysis resulted to different models of MSY either before or after the tsunami in 2004 which were shown as y = 0.8696 – 0.00008x and y = 0.1138 – 0.00002x, respectively. Model 1 recommended reducing the number of lift net boat to 43 units for optimization of yield. On the other hand, Model 2 suggested that only 23 units could be operated for optimal effort each year. Average recent catch in MSY showed 53.9% (less abundant) before the tsunami and 5.5% (depletion) after that. These conditions was led by increasing effort, un-friendly, destructive fishing gears, and degradation of coral reef and mangrove. Such a tragedy was accelerated by anthropogenic factors and compounded by the tsunami factor. The tsunami impact on anchovy fishery depletion may be lesser than the combined effects of destructive fishing and anthropogenic factors.
Behavioral Responses to Climate Information: A Case of Small Scale Rice Farmers in Vulnerable Communities in Leyte, Philippines
Authors: Gravoso Rotacio , Patindol Remberto , Predo Canesio
Published: September 2019

As in many developing countries, the advent of extreme climatic events, including El Niño and La Niña phenomena has exposed the livelihoods of small scale Filipino farmers to climate vulnerabilities. Recent developments in climate prediction suggest that seasonal climate forecasts (SCF) have potentials for alleviating the vulnerability of farmers’ livelihoods. In the Philippines, however, farmers’ uptake of SCF is low. This study pilot-tested SCF dissemination and examined if small rice farmers from communities vulnerable to flooding and drought would use the information in their farming and management decisions. Farmers then participated in a seminar on the basic concepts of climate and were advised of the climate forecast for the July 2012 cropping season. Focus group discussions were conducted four months after, that is, during the harvest season. Respondents assessed the SCF as “accurate” but in making farm decisions, they relied on their experiences on the onset and amount of rain. For some farmers, the shortage of rainfall in the middle of the cropping season led to crop failure. Thus, they resorted to growing other crops. Results of this study highlighted the need to inform farmers of the onset, amount, and duration and distribution of rainfall for the incoming cropping season. Overall results indicate the need for the meteorological agency to improve the skill and to down-scale (localize) the climate forecast.
Hubungan Usia, Paritas dan Usia Kehamilan dengan Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di Rumah Sakit Umum Mitra Medika Medan
Authors: Sembiring Julina Br , Pratiwi Debby , Sarumaha Aprilian
Published: September 2019

Pendahuluan; Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah atau BBLR adalah bayi baru lahir dengan berat badan kurang dari 2500 gram tanpa memandang masa gestasi. Menurut data World Health Organization (WHO) yang dilaporkan oleh United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) tahun 2014, bahwa prevalensi bayi berat lahir rendah di dunia adalah 15%. Dimana di Afrika Sub-Sahara 13%, Afrika Bagian Timur dan Selatan 11%, Afrika Bagian Barat dan Tengah 14%, Asia Selatan 28%, Asia Timur dan Pasifik 6%, Amerika Latin dan Karibia 9%, dan negara-negara berkembang 13%. Tujuan; penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan usia, paritas dan usia kehamilan dengan Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di RSU Mitra Medika Medan Periode 2017. Metode; Desain penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan total sampling dimana seluruh jumlah populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Teknik pengolahan data dengan menggunakan uji chi-square.   Hasil; penelitian menunjukkan variabel usia ibu dengan bayi berat lahir rendah dengan uji chi-square diperolehhasilp<0.05(0.000), paritas ibu dengan bayi berat lahir rendah dengan uji chi-square diperolehhasilp<0.05(0.034), dan usia kehamilan dengan bayi berat lahir rendah dengan uji chi-square diperolehhasilp<0.05(0.015). Kesimpulan; Ada Hubungan Usia Paritas dan Usia Kehamilan dengan Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah di RSU Mitra Medika Medan Periode 2017.
Pengaruh Karakteristik terhadap Perilaku Ibu Menerima Imunisasi Dasar Batita 1-2 Tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kuta Blang Kabupaten Bireuen
Authors: Misrina Misrina
Published: September 2019

Latar Belakang: Kematian batita akibat penyakit berbahaya terbilang tinggi yaitu sebesar 1,4 juta jiwa pertahun yang antara lain disebabkan oleh batuk rejan 294.000(20%), tetanus 198.000(14%), dan campak 540.000(38%). Tujuan : Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik terhadap perilaku  ibu menerima imunisasi dasar batita 1-2 tahun di wilayah kerja puskesmas Kuta Blang Kabupaten Bireuen. Metode : Metode penelitian ini adalah survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kuta Blang Kota Bireuen Tahun 2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh ibu yang memiliki balita 1-2 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara proporsive random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan chi-square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil : Berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan didapatkan  hasil 0,076 tidak ada pengaruh, pekerjaan didapatkan hasil 0,146  tidak ada pengaruh, pengetahuan didapatkan hasil 0,000 ada pengaruh dengan nilai OR 13,419 yaitu pengetahuan 13 kali berpengaruh terhadap perilaku ibu menerima imunisasi dasar batita1-2 tahun, sikap didapatkan hasil 0,000 dengan nilai OR 13,692 yaitu sikap 13 kali berpengaruh terhadap perilaku ibu menerima imunisasi dasar batita 1-2 tahun, dukungan keluarga didapatkan hasil 0,302 tidak ada pengaruh, motivasi didapatkan hasil 0,000 dengan nilai OR 12,263 yaitu motivasi 13 kali berpengaruh terhadap perilaku ibu menerima imunisasi dasar batita 1-2 tahun, persepsi didapatkan hasil 0,000 ada pengaruh antara persepsi dengan perilaku ibu menerima imunisasi dasar batita 1-2 tahun. Disarankan kepada tenaga kesehatan di Puskesmas Kuta Blang Kabupaten Bireuen untuk memberikan pendidikan kesehatan melalui penyuluhan tentang pentingnya imunisasi dasar sehingga ibu mau membawa anaknya ke pelayanan kesehatan untuk diimunisasi sesuai dengan umur dan jadwal pemberiaannya.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Abortus di Rumah Sakit Umum Mutia Sari Duri
Authors: Jumiati Jumiati
Published: September 2019

Pendahuluan : Abortus menjadi masalah yang penting dalam kesehatan masyarakat karena berpengaruh terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas maternal. Berdasarkan data World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2016, sekitar 830 wanita meninggal akibat komplikasi terkait kehamilan di seluruh dunia setiap hari. Selama 2010–2014, diperkirakan 56 juta abortus terjadi setiap tahun di seluruh dunia. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan abortus di RSU Mutia Sari Duri periode 2017. Metode : penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang mengalami abortus di RSU Mutia Sari Duri periode 2017 yang berjumlah 86 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah total sampling  yaitu seluruh populasi. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji statistik Chi-square. Hasil : data yang diperoleh dari hasil uji statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan jarak kehamilan dengan abortus didapat hasil p value 0,04 (p<0,05), tidak ada hubungan usia dengan abortus didapat hasil p value 0,48 (p>0,05), ada hubungan paritas dengan abortus didapat hasil p value 0,03 (p<0,05), dan ada hubungan pekerjaan dengan abortus didapat hasil p value 0,04 (p<0,05).Kesimpulan : penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan jarak kehamilan, paritas dan pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan abortus dan tidak ada hubungan usia ibu hamil dengan abortus di RSU Mutia Sari Duri periode 2017.
Manfaat dan Kegunaan Aplikasi Berbasis Seluler sebagai Media Informasi dalam Kehamilan : Review Artikel
Authors: Selvia Anisya , Ernawati Dwi
Published: September 2019

Masih tingginya Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) yang hampir terjadi diseluruh negara di dunia menyebabkan kecemasan tersendiri bagi negara-negara tersebut untuk terus berupaya menurunkan presentase Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di setiap tahunnya. Adapun penyebab kematian ibu hamil secara garis besar disebabkan oleh kurang nya pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai penanganan serta hal-hal yang seharusnya dilakukan pada masa kehamilan. Tujuan dari review artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penggunaan aplikasi berbasis seluler sebagai media informasi dalam kehamilan. Metode: Lima tahapan untuk melakukan review artikel digunakan dalam review ini. Lima tahapan tersebut diantaranya: mengidentifikasi pertanyaan penelitian, mengidentifikasi studi yang relevan, pemilihan studi, memetakan data, menyusun, meringkas dan melaporkan hasilnya.Hasil penelitian : Sebanyak 11  publikasi dimasukkan. Analisis tematik digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi konsep-konsep kunci. Kami mengelompokkan konsep-konsep kunci ini kedalam tiga tema yang muncul : Informasi kesehatan dalam kehamilan berbasis pesan teks, manfaat telepon seluler dalam pencarian informasi selama kehamilan, dan penggunaan teknologi untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Kesimpulan: Layanan pesan teks berbasis seluler berpotensi dan bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan cakupan praktik ANC yang direkomendasikan. Pesan yang disampaikan melalui aplikasi seluler juga memiliki potensi secara positif untuk mempengaruhi prilaku kesehatan ibu dan anak.
Hubungan Faktor Motivasi Ibu terhadap Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Puskesmas Lapai Kota Padang
Authors: Harseni Rahmaliza
Published: September 2019

Pendahuluan: Menyusui merupakan wujud kasih sayang yang diberikan seorang ibu kepada bayinya. Pemberian ASI eksklusif di Provinsi Sumatera Barat  sebesar 4.278 (67,2%) dan di Puskesmas Lapai Kota Padang tahun 2016 sebesar (59,9%). Jenis penelitian adalah survey analitik dengan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian sebanyak 115 orang dan jumlah sampel sebayak 53 ibu yang mempunyai bayi 7-12 bulan di Puskesmas Lapai Kota Padang Tahun 2017. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi square dan uji regresi logistik ganda (binary logistic).Variabel yang memiliki hubungan dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan taraf signifikan <0,05 yaitu variabel motivasi intrinsik, motivasi ekstrinsik, umur, pendidikan dan pekerjaan. Variabel mempunyai pengaruh yang dominan terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif yaitu variabel motivasi ekstrinsik dengan p (sig) 0,022 Exp (B) 8,151. Ada hubungan motivasi intrinsik, motivasi ekstrinsik dan karakteristik ibu dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif; serta terdapat pengaruh motivasi ekstrinsik dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Lapai Kota Padang.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Keterjangkauan Jarak Pelayanan Kesehatan terhadap Kejadian Drop Out Alat Kontrasepsi Suntik pada Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sekupang Kota Batam
Authors: Amru Desi Ernita
Published: September 2019

Latar Belakang : Masalah  kependudukan  merupakan masalah yang dihadapi oleh semua negara baik negara  maju  maupun  negara  berkembang, termasuk  Indonesia.  Untuk  menekan  laju pertumbuhan  penduduk,  pemerintah melakukan  Program  Keluarga  Berencana Nasional. kemudian menjadi permasalahan adalah terdapat pasangan usia subur (PUS) yang tidak aktif lagi menggunakan kontrasepsi (drop out). Tujuan : penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Keterjangkauan Jarak Pelayanan Kesehatan Terhadap Kejadian Drop Out Alat Kontrasepsi Suntik Pada Pasangan Usia Subur (PUS) Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sekupang Kota Batam Tahun 2017. Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Pasangan Usia Subur yang Berada di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sekupang Kota Batam berjumlah 13.477 orang. Sampel sebanyak 388 orang, diambil dengan teknik Stratified Random Sampling. Data dianalisis dengaHn HUbungan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil : penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas PUS berpengetahuan kurang sebanyak 201 orang (51,8%), berdasarkan sikap mayoritas PUS bersikap negatif sebanyak 224 orang (57,7%), dan berdasarkan kategori keterjangkauan jarak pelayanan kesehatan mayoritas PUS sulit menjangkau jarak/tempat pelayanan sebanyak 202 orang (52,1%). Kesimpulan : penelitian ini, bahwa faktor pengetahuan, sikap dan jarak pelayanan kesehatan mempengaruhi kejadian drop out alat kontrasepsi suntik pada pasangan usia subur (PUS) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sekupang Kota Batam Tahun 2017. Disarankan kepada Pasangan usia subur untuk lebih giat lagi mencari informasi tentang penggunaan alat kontrasepsi Sehingga sasaran program KB khususnya akseptor yang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi suntik dapat meningkat.
Hubungan Kejadian Dismenore dengan Asupan Fe (zat Besi) pada Remaja Putri
Authors: Masruroh Nur , Fitri Nur Aini
Published: September 2019

Dismenore merupakan nyeri selama menstruasi yang disebabkan oleh adanya kejang pada otot rahim. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya dismenore, diantaranya yaitu asupan nutrisi yang terdiri dari Fe (zat Besi). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kejadian dismenorea dengan asupan Fe (zat Besi) pada remaja putri .  Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 112 yang diambil menggunakan teknik propostionate stratified random sampling. Data kejadian dismenore diperoleh dari kuesioner numeric rating scale dan data asupan zat gizi diperoleh dari form semi quantitative food frequency questionaire. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian remaja putri memiliki asupan Fe (zat Besi) kurang (50%). Sedangkan kejadian dismenorea yang dialami hampir setengahnya termasuk dalam kategori nyeri ringan (45,5%). Hasil analisis menggunakan uji rank sprearman menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan kejadian dismenorea dengan asupan Fe (zat Besi) dengan nilai p-value = 0,014. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi asupan Fe (zat Besi), maka semakin rendah kejadian dismenorea yang dirasakan. Diharapkan remaja putri dapat mencegah dan mengurangi nyeri dengan mengkonsumsi makanan sumber Fe (zat Besi).
Determinants of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Behavior in Student Elementary School of Pekanbaru
Authors: Purba Christine Vita Gloria , Alhidayati Alhidayati , Maharani Riri , Hutabarat Lia Indriyani
Published: September 2019

Background; Based on the results of the 2013 Ministry of Health's Basic Health Research in children aged 10 years and above who consumed less fruit and vegetables with a yield of 93.5%. Less fruits and vegetables consumption will inhibit the growth and development of children and increase the risk of disease. Objectives; To determined the determination of fruit and vegetable consumption in students of Elementary School 130 Pekanbaru City in 2018. Material and Method; type of research used analytic survey used cross sectional study. This research was carried out in Elementary School 130 Pekanbaru City. The sample of this study was students of class v and vi in Elementary School 130 Pekanbaru City who were taken by exhaustic sampling with a total of 113 samples. Results; there was a relationship between pleasure with a P value = 0,000 and POR = 9,200 (CI = 2,756-32,853), the role of parents in relation to vegetables with P value = 0.02 and POR = 4.163 (CI = 1.590-10,898), menu variation with P value = 0.003 and POR = 4.218 (CI = 1.549-11,485) with the help of fruit and vegetable consumption. There was no relationship between knowledge with P value = 0.792 and POR = 807 (CI = 340-1199), peer support with P value = 0.410 and POR = 1.479 (CI = 581-3,761). Conclusion; For mothers to pay attention to the intake of fruit and vegetables for children, be more creative to process food for children.
Pengukuran Paparan Particulate Matter Satu (Pm1) Dan CO2 serta Keluhan Kesehatan pada Masyarakat Pasca Erupsi Gunung Sinabung
Authors: Tarigan Yenni Gustiani , Maimunah Siti
Published: September 2019

Erupsi gunung dapat menyebabkan distribusi penyebaran abu yang sangat besar sehingga dapat mengakibatkan kemungkinan tingginya konsentrasi partikel debu di pemukiman penduduk yang dapat berdampak buruk pada kesehatan masyarakat seperti keluhan pernapasan.  Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengukur konsentrasi paparan partikel debu PM1 dan gas CO2 dalam ruangan serta mengevaluasi keluhan kesehatan pada masyarakat akibat abu vulkanik pasca letusan Gunung Sinabung. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di desa Payung, Gurukinayan dan Perbesi pada bulan Maret ke Juli 2018. Pengukuran kadar partikel debu PM1 dan CO2 diukur dengan instrument AS-LUNG tipe 0019, Academia Sinica Taiwan. Keluhan kesehatan responden dievaluasi dengan mewawancarai responden menggunakan kuesioner. Kruskal Wallis digunakan untuk menganalisis apakah terdapat perbedaan kadar partikel debu diantara ketiga desa tersebut. Mann Whitney U test digunakan untuk menganalisis apakah terdapat perbedaan kadar partikel debu pada jarak (zona) desa. Analisis multivariat kovarian (MANCOVA) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi apakah terdapat pengaruh antara konsentrasi paparan particulate matter terhadap keluhan kesehatan pada masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mean konsentrasi paparan PM1 yang tertinggi berada pada desa Perbesi sebesar 103µg/m3 lalu Gurukinayan sebesar 46µg/m3. Untuk paparan gas CO2, konsentrasi tertinggi terdapat pada desa Perbesi sebesar 483ppm dan Payung sebesar 428ppm. Hal ini berarti bahwa konsentrasi PM1 dan CO2 berada diatas standar WHO indoor air quality. Uji bivariate menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi PM1 dan CO2 di ketiga desa (p-value = 0.00) dan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara konsentrasi PM1 dan CO2 pada zona desa dari gunung Sinabung (p-value = 0.00). Uji MANCOVA menunjukkan bahwa paparan PM1 berpengaruh pada keluhan kesehatan mata (p=0.000), keluhan kesehatan pernapasan (p=0.002), dan keluhan kesehatan kulit (p=0.020). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa letusan gunung Sinabung dapat membawa efek kesehatan yang buruk jika penduduk terus terpapar debu abu vulkanik baik dalam jangka waktu yang singkat maupun lama. Maka dari itu, penduduk diharapkan selalu melakukan pencegahan dengan menggunakan masker saat keluar rumah, membersihkan debu-debu dalam rumah dan evakuasi ke tempat yang jauh saat gunung mengalami erupsi.
Implimentasi Imunisasi untuk Mencapai Universal Child Immunization (UCI) Di Puskesmas Raya Kecamatan Siantar Barat Kota Pematangsiantar
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati
Published: September 2019

Universal Child Immunization (UCI) adalah keadaan pencapaian imunisasi dasar lengkap untuk semua bayi (anak di bawah satu tahun). Cakupan Puskesmas Raya dan Navy 3 dari capaian pencapaian UCI di Puskesmas Raya tahun 2015-2017 telah menurun, tahun 2015 tiga desa dibidang kesehatan masyarakat Raya sudah mencapai desa tiga tahun UCI, 2016 pusat kesehatan lingkungan di wilayah Raya tidak ada bangsal yang mencapai desa UCI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi imunisasi untuk mencapai Universal Child Immunization (UCI) di Puskesmas Raya, Kecamatan Siantar Barat, Kota Pematangsiantar. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan mewawancarai informasi dan informasi tentang pelaksanaan imunisasi untuk mencapai UCI di Puskesmas Raya, Kecamatan Siantar Barat, Kota Pematangsiantar pada tahun 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan imunisasi di Puskesmas Raya tidak optimal. Pelaksana imunisasi di Puskesmas Raya, dan kegiatan Posyandu hanya dilakukan oleh 1 orang, yaitu perawat yang bertanggung jawab atas semua kegiatan imunisasi akan mempengaruhi pelaksanaan imunisasi. Fasilitas infrastruktur yang masih kurang memadai. Perencanaan dan rencana dalam pelaksanaannya belum dibuat tetapi aplikasi di lapangan belum berjalan dengan baik. Kader yang belum bertanggung jawab atas peran dan tugasnya. Kurangnya promosi dan sosialisasi yang dilakukan oleh Puskesmas dengan lintas sektor. Kesadaran masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan imunisasi masih kurang. Komunikasi antara penanggung jawab program dan penanggung jawab posyandu tidak terjalin dengan baik. Pemantauan kepala Puskesmas tidak rutin dan rutin, pelatihan dilakukan dalam bentuk mini-bulanan. Perlu ada kerjasama yang baik antara kepala puskesmas Raya dan semua staf puskesmas dan lintas sektor dalam ruang lingkup imunisasi sehingga target UCI dapat tercapai.
Association of Anneroth’s Scoring and Frequency of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis among Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Haque Mohammad Ahtashamul , Goswami Uday Kumar , Rahman Md Mostafijur , Islam Mohammad Wahidul , Morshed Md Mahboob , Islam Md Rafiqul , Azam Md Bakhtiar
Published: September 2019

Background: Primary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma can metastasize in the cervical lymph nodes.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the association of Anneroth’s scoring and frequency of cervical lymph node metastasis among primary oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from November 2009 to December 2010 for a period of one year. Patients attending in the place of study with diagnosed case of oral squamous cell carcinoma were selected for the study after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The resected primary lesion and neck lymph nodes were sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological grading of the primary lesion was done and neck lymphodes were graded as metastatic and non-metastatic.

Results: This prospective study with 50 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma was taken of which 28 cases were non-metastasis tumor. Each case was graded according to TNM classification, Broder’s grading and Anneroth’s classification. Both Anneroth’s classification (p=0.002) and Broder’s grading (p=0.017) were significant but Anneroth’s one was more significant than Broder’s.

Conclusions: There is an association between Anneroth’s grading system with lymph node metastasis.

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(2): 69-72
Clinico-Demographic Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Thyroid Swelling Patient Attended at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Sharif Ahmed , Islam Md Rabiul , Faruque Md Golam , Khanam Rashida Akter , Uddin Mohammmad Main , Yusuf Md Abdullah
Published: September 2019

Background: Thyroid swelling was found in different clinical presentation and demographic characteristics.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the clinical and demographic characteristics as well as the surgical outcomes of thyroid swelling patient.

Methodology: The study was conducted at Mugda Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of April 2017 to March 2018. The diagnosis of thyroid swelling was based on detailed history, thorough clinical examination and relevant investigations, Ultrasonogram and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). All the patients were undergone surgical management and the outcomes were recorded. All the data were compiled and tabulated in order o obtained a statistical and comprehensive results of the study.

Results: A total number of 45 patients were recruited for this study after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study shows age of the patients ranged from 17 years to 65 years. The highest number of cases (35.6%) belongs to the age group of 31 to 40 years followed by 20% in the age group of 21 to 30 years. Female were higher in frequency (95.6) than male (4.4%). Most of the patients (54%) were from poor socio-economic status. The most common indication were nodular goiter (80%), papillary 13.3%, follicular adenoma 4.4%, and medullary (2.2%). In this study most of the findings showed solid mass in the thyroid gland (55.6%). In this series hemithyroidectomy carried out in 68.9% patients and occupied the top of the list followed by subtotal 22.2%. In this study highest number of complications were recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (8.9%).

Conclusion: Young adult female patient is most commonly affected by thyroid swelling and mostly are benign nodular type goiter

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(2):97-100
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Parkinson’s Disease Patients attended at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Islam Md Enayet Ul , Momin Afzal , Sharmin Farzana , Sarkar Provat Kumar , Hoque Md Azharul
Published: September 2019

Background: Parkinson’s disease occurs in different socio-demographic characteristic people.

Objective: The Purpose of the present study was to see the socio-demographic characteristics of Parkinson’s disease patients attended at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the in-patient and out-patient Department of Medicine and Neurology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka from July 2012 to December 2013 for a period of one and half year. All patients with Parkinson’s disease who were admitted under department of Medicine and Neurology and also who visited out-patient department of Medicine and Neurology of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka were taken as study population. Patients who were diagnosed as Parkinson’s disease according to Brain Bank clinical criteria for diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease were included in this study. The demographic and socio-economic characteristics were recorded in a semi-structured questionnaire.

Result: A total number of 40 Parkinson’s patients were recruited for this study. The mean age was 69.15±10.08 years. The male female ratio was found 1.22:1. The majority patients were businessman which was 13(32.5%) cases. The majority of 15(37.5%) patients came from rural area. However, 12(30.0%) patients were in primary level. Furthermore, 21(52.5%) patients came from lower class.

Conclusion: In conclusion elder male rural dwellers are mostly suffering from Parkinson’s disease

Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2019;6(2):106-110
Validation of Methods of Identification and Quantitative Determination of Active Ingredients in Films for Treatment of Caries of Dentin
Authors: Berezina E. S. , Golovanenko A. L. , Alekseeva I. V.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Even though a wide range of the products for caries treatment is available, the efficiency of its treatment with the traditional methods is 62,5–75,4%. As a result of the set of researches carried out at the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology of the Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy, in cooperation with the Department of Dentistry of the Advanced Training and Professional Retraining Faculty of E. A. Wagner Perm State Medical University, a medical method of moderate and advanced caries treatment with remineralizing gel and films is proposed. During the preparation of the product specification file for the dentin caries treatment film, validation of the methods of the active ingredients quality control has been undertaken.

Aim. Validation of the methods of identity tests and of potency assays of dentin caries treatment films.

Materials and methods. In order to achieve the aim, active pharmaceutical substances of pharmacopoeial quality have been used. As a base for developing the methods of identity tests the methods with distinctive reactions to cations and anions have been taken. For the potency assay of calcium chloride a complexometric back-titration has been used; photoelectric colorimetry for potassium phosphate dibasic and sodium fluoride; spectrophotometry for chlorhexidine bigluconate. Five production samples of the films were the object of the research.

Results and discussion. Basing on the research results, the choice was made in favour of the methods of identity tests that are characterized by negative analytical response when applied to the model mixtures which are free from analyte and placebo, and by positive analytical response when applied to the model mixtures of various composition containing analyte. The validation characteristics of the methods of dentin caries treatment films potency assays, which may be included in the product specification file, have been studied.

Conclusion. Validation results show that the chosen methods are specific for both identity tests and potency assays of active substances in the dentin caries treatment films; they are characterized by precision, repeatability and linear dependency in the analytical range of ±30% in regard to the specified active substance concentration in the films. All that allows using them for a reliable quality assessment.
Development and Validation of HPLC-MS/MS Method for Busereline Quantitation in Animal Blood Plasma
Authors: Fisher E. N. , Melnikov E. S. , Shohin I Е.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Busereline, being a synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog, is widely used for hormone-dependent cancer treatment (e.g. prostate cancer and breast cancer). Based on the accumulated scientific data for busereline quantitation in biosamples, the main analytical method that is used for this purpose is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, combined with protein precipitation (TCA 10%) for sample preparation. However, due to several limitations of this method resulting in low sensitivity (at the µg/mL level of concentrations), the HPLC-MS/MS analytical method was chosen for peptide determination in biosamples. The HPLC-MS/MS method is considered to have higher accuracy and specificity. The main sample preparation method for gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs is solid-phase extraction. In our work, we’ve chosen protein precipitation as an alternative – easier and less laborious biosamples preparation process.

Aim. The main objective of this study was the development and validation of HPLC-MS/MS method for busereline quantitation in animal (mini pigs) plasma samples and its further application to pharmacokinetic studies.

Materials and methods. Busereline quantitative determination in plasma samples was performed using HPLC-MS/MS method. A protein precipitation procedure (methanol, 1:2, v/v) was used for busereline extraction from pig plasma.

Results and discussion. The developed analytical method was validated for selectivity, linearity, matrix effect, accuracy (intra-day, inter-day), precision (intra-day, inter-day), LLOQ, carryover and stability.

Conclusion. A new HPLC-MS/MS method for busereline quantitation in blood plasma was developed and successfully validated. The developed method showed linearity over the quantitation range from 1 to 20 ng/mL. The developed method can be successfully applied to busereline pharmacokinetic studies.
Effects of Resistance Training on Arterial Compliance and Plasma Endothelin-1 Levels in Healthy Men
Authors: TAGAWA K. , RA S.-G. , KUMAGAI H. , YOSHIKAWA T. , YOSHIDA Y. , TAKEKOSHI K. , SAKAI S. , MIYAUCHI T. , MAEDA S.
Published: September 2019

Arterial compliance (AC) is an index of the elasticity of large arteries. Endothelial dysfunction has been reported to result in reduced arterial compliance, which represents increased arterial stiffness. A reduction in AC is elicited by high-intensity resistance training, however the mechanisms are obscure. Because a single bout of resistance exercise causes a transient increase in circulating plasma endothelin-1 in humans, some vasoconstrictors may play a role in the mechanisms. The present study aimed to investigate whether resistance training-induced decrease in AC is associated with changes in circulating vasoconstrictors levels in young men. Young sedentary men were assigned to control (n=5) or training (n=9) groups. The training group performed four-week high-intensity resistance training (weight training exercise; three sessions/week). We measured AC and plasma levels of endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine before and after intervention. Resistance training significantly decreased AC, whereas the changes in plasma levels of neither endothelin-1, nor angiotensin II, nor norepinephrine were significantly different between the control and the training groups. Moreover, we found no significant correlations between changes in circulating plasma levels (endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and norepinephrine) and in the AC. Despite of no alteration of the resting circulating plasma levels (endothelin-1, etc.), we cannot exclude a possibility that the tissue/local concentrations of vasoconstrictors (endothelin-1, etc.) around the vessels might be increased and also involved in a reduction of AC in the training group. Taken together, the present results suggest that circulating vasoconstrictors (endothelin-1, etc.) in plasma are not involved in a reduction in AC by the resistance training.
Interactions of Peripheral Endothelin-1 and Nerve Growth Factor as Contributors to Persistent Cutaneous Pain
Authors: KHODOROVA A. , ZHANG Y. , NICOL G. , STRICHARTZ G.
Published: September 2019

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) are proteins, released from cancer-ridden tissues, which cause spontaneous pain and hypersensitivity to noxious stimuli. Here we examined the electrophysiological and behavioral effects of these two agents for evidence of their interactions. Individual small-medium cultured DRG sensory neurons responded to both ET-1 (50 nM, n=6) and NGF (100 ng/ml, n=4), with increased numbers of action potentials and decreased slow K+ currents; pre-exposure to ET-1 potentiated NGF´s actions, but not vice versa. Behaviorally, single intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of low doses of ET-1 (20 pmol) or NGF (100 ng), did not increase hindpaw tactile or thermal sensitivity, but their simultaneous injections sensitized the paw to both modalities. Daily i.pl. injections of low ET-1 doses in male rats caused tactile sensitization after 21 days, and enabled further tactile and thermal sensitization from low dose NGF, in ipsilateral and contralateral hindpaws. Single injections of 100 ng NGF, without changing the paw’s tactile sensitivity by itself, acutely sensitized the ipsilateral paw to subsequent injections of low ET-1. The sensitization from repeated low ET-1 dosing and the cross-sensitization between NGF and ET-1 were both significantly greater in female than in male rats. These findings reveal a synergistic interaction between cutaneously administered low doses of NGF and ET-1, which could contribute to cancer-related pain.
Endothelin and Diabetic Complications: a Brain-Centric View
Authors: LI W. , ABDUL Y. , WARD R. , ERGUL A.
Published: September 2019

The global epidemic of diabetes is of significant concern. Diabetes associated vascular disease signifies the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. It is also the most rapidly increasing risk factor for cognitive impairment, a silent disease that causes loss of creativity, productivity, and quality of life. Small vessel disease in the cerebral vasculature plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in diabetes. Endothelin system, including endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the receptors (ETA and ETB), is a likely candidate that may be involved in many aspects of the diabetes cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we took a brain-centric approach and discussed the role of the ET system in cerebrovascular and cognitive dysfunction in diabetes.
Alterations in Endothelin Receptors Following Hemorrhage and Resuscitation by Centhaquin
Authors: BRIYAL S. , GANDHAKWALA R. , KHAN M. , LAVHALE M. S. , GULATI A.
Published: September 2019

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) acts on ETA and ETB receptors and has been implicated in hemorrhagic shock (shock). We determined effect of shock and resuscitation by hypertonic saline (saline) or centhaquin on ETA and ETB receptor expression. Rats were anesthetized, a pressure catheter was placed in the left femoral artery; blood was withdrawn from the right femoral artery to bring mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 35 mm Hg for 30 min, resuscitation was performed and 90 min later sacrificed to collect samples for biochemical estimations. Resuscitation with centhaquin decreased blood lactate and increased MAP. Protein levels of ETA or ETB receptor were unaltered in the brain, heart, lung and liver following shock or resuscitation. In the abdominal aorta, shock produced an increase (140 %) in ETA expression which was attenuated by saline and centhaquin; ETB expression was unaltered following shock but was increased (79 %) by centhaquin. In renal medulla, ETA expression was unaltered following shock, but was decreased (-61 %) by centhaquin; shock produced a decrease (-34 %) in ETB expression which was completely attenuated by centhaquin and not saline. Shock induced changes in ETA and ETB receptors in the aorta and renal medulla are reversed by centhaquin and may be contributing to its efficacy.
Natriuretic Response to Renal Medullary Endothelin B Receptor Activation Is Impaired in Dahl-Salt Sensitive Rats on a High-Fat Diet
Authors: KITTIKULSUTH W. , HYNDMAN K. A. , POLLOCK J. S. , POLLOCK D. M.
Published: September 2019

Renal medullary endothelin B receptors (ETB) mediate sodium excretion and blood pressure (BP) control. Several animal models of hypertension have impaired renal medullary ETB function. We found that 4-week high-caloric diet elevated systolic BP in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) rats (126±2 vs. 143±3 mm Hg, p<0.05). We hypothesized that renal medullary ETB function is dysfunctional in DS rats fed a high-caloric diet. We compared the diuretic and natriuretic response to intramedullary infusion of ETB agonist sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) in DS rats fed either a normal or high-caloric diet for 4 weeks. Urine was collected during intramedullary infusion of saline for baseline collection followed by intramedullary infusion of either saline or S6c. We first examined the ETB function in DS rats fed a normal diet. S6c increased urine flow (2.7±0.3 µl/min during baseline vs. 5.1±0.6 µl/min after S6c; p<0.05; n=5) and sodium excretion (0.28±0.05 vs. 0.81±0.17 μmol/min; p<0.05), suggesting that DS rats have renal medullary ETB function. However, DS rats fed a high-caloric diet displayed a significant increase in urine flow (2.7±0.4 vs. 4.2±0.4 µl/min, baseline vs. S6c infusion, respectively; p<0.05, n=6), but no significant change in sodium excretion in response to S6c (0.32±0.06 vs. 0.45±0.10 μmol/min). These data demonstrate that renal medullary ETB function is impaired in DS rats fed a high-caloric diet, which may be contributed to the elevation of blood pressure during high-caloric feeding in this model.
New Drugs and Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Endothelin Signaling Pathway and Prospects for Personalized Precision Medicine
Authors: DAVENPORT A. P. , KUC R. E. , SOUTHAN C. , MAGUIRE J. J.
Published: September 2019

During the last thirty years since the discovery of endothelin-1, the therapeutic strategy that has evolved in the clinic, mainly in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, is to block the action of the peptide either at the ETA subtype or both receptors using orally active small molecule antagonists. Recently, there has been a rapid expansion in research targeting ET receptors using chemical entities other than small molecules, particularly monoclonal antibody antagonists and selective peptide agonists and antagonists. While usually sacrificing oral bio-availability, these compounds have other therapeutic advantages with the potential to considerably expand drug targets in the endothelin pathway and extend treatment to other pathophysiological conditions. Where the small molecule approach has been retained, a novel strategy to combine two vasoconstrictor targets, the angiotensin AT1 receptor as well as the ETA receptor in the dual antagonist sparsentan has been developed. A second emerging strategy is to combine drugs that have two different targets, the ETA antagonist ambrisentan with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor tadalafil, to improve the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The solving of the crystal structure of the ETB receptor has the potential to identify allosteric binding sites for novel ligands. A further key advance is the experimental validation of a single nucleotide polymorphism that has genome wide significance in five vascular diseases and that significantly increases the amount of big endothelin-1 precursor in the plasma. This observation provides a rationale for testing this single nucleotide polymorphism to stratify patients for allocation to treatment with endothelin agents and highlights the potential to use personalized precision medicine in the endothelin field.
In Memoriam: Sidney George Shaw, DPhil (1948-2017)
Authors: BARTON M. , LITTLE H. J. , VAUGHAN-JONES R. D. , DANIELS S. , DASHWOOD M. R. , TSUI J. C.
Published: September 2019

On March 4, 2017 at the age of 68, Sidney George Shaw (Sid) unexpectedly died from complications following surgery, only four years after retiring from the University of Bern. Trained in biochemistry at Oxford University, Sid had quickly moved into molecular pharmacology and became a key investigator in the field of enzyme biochemistry, vasoactive peptide research, and receptor signaling. Sid spent half his life in Switzerland, after moving to the University of Bern in 1984. This article, written by his friends and colleagues who knew him and worked with him during different stages of his career, summarizes his life, his passions, and his achievements in biomedical research. It also includes personal memories relating to a dear friend and outstanding scientist whose intellectual curiosity, humility, and honesty will remain an example to us all.
SELEKSI SAHAM SYARIAH : PERBANDINGAN ANTARA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA
Authors: Firmansyah Egi Arvian
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Islamic stocks are those which do not contradict with the Islamic teachings derived from Al-Quran, Sunnah, hadith and ijtihad of the qualified Islamic scholars. This is a qualitative research comparing the stock screening criteria in order to be categorized as sharia compliant stocks in two developing countries where most of the citizen are Muslims, i.e. Indonesia and Malaysia. As the sharia stock screening is in the field of muamalah and there is no single scholar (or group) accepted by the whole Muslims worldwide, each country sets its own screening criteria through its Islamic scholars by performing ijtihad as an effort to decide the sharia compliant stocks. It was found that there are differences in screening criteria between Indonesia and Malaysia stock exchange. These are based on the fiqh or understanding of the scholars in the two countries as well as the vision and investor to be targeted. The screening criteria need to be continuously improved or revised along with the changing need of investor and stock exchange strategy in collecting the fund especially from Middle East countries requiring sharia compliance.Keywords. ISSI; JII; stock  screening; sharia stock selection.  Abstrak. Saham Syariah merupakan saham yang tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam yaitu yang bersumber dari Al-Quran, Sunnah, hadist dan ijtihad ulama terkemuka. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang membandingkan kriteria seleksi saham untuk dapat dikategorikan ke dalam saham syariah di dua negara berkembang yang penduduknya mayoritas Muslim yaitu Indonesia dan Malaysia. Karena skrining saham syariah termasuk ke dalam aspek muamalah dan tidak adanya ulama yang diterima oleh umat Muslim seluruh dunia untuk menentukan satu hukum yang diterima umum, maka setiap negara dengan ulamanya masing-masing menggunakan pendekatan ijtihad untuk memutuskan saham mana yang dikategorikan sesuai syariah dan tidak. Terdapat perbedaan kriteria seleksi di Indonesia dan Malaysia yang didasarkan pada pemahaman fiqih yang dianut masing-masing negara serta visi dan target investor yang ingin diraih. Metode skrining senantiasa perlu dievaluasi atau direvisi seiring perubahan selera investor dan strategi bursa dalam mengumpulkan dana terutama dari negara-negara Timur Tengah yang memperhatikan aspek kepatuhan pada syariah.Katakunci. ISSI; JII; stock screening; seleksi saham syariah.
PENGARUH EFIKASI DIRI, NORMA SUBJEKTIF, SIKAP BERPERILAKU DAN PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP INTENSI BERWIRAUSAHA
Authors: Santy Nur , Rahmawati Teti , Hamzah Amir
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of self efficacy, subjective norms, attitudes behave, and entrepreneurship education on the intentions of entrepreneurship the students of Kuningan University .This research use descriptive method, verifikatif, and eksplanatory metoe using questionnaire as the main data gathering tool. In this research, the subject of this research is the students of Kuningan University. Samples in this study are 360 respondents. The data is done by using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis model with SPSS 20 computer program. The result of this research shows that self efficacy, subjective norm, attitude behave, and entrepreneurship education have a positive effect on entrepreneurship intention.Keywords. Self Efficacy; Subjective Norm; Attitude Behavior; Entrepreneurship Education; Entrepreneurship Intention Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh efikasi diri, norma subjektif, sikap berperilaku, dan pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap intensi berwirausaha pada Mahasiswa Universitas Kuningan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yang digunakan deskriptif, verifikatif, dan metoe eksplanatorydengan menggunakankuesioner sebagai alat pengumpul data pokok.Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah Mahasiswa Universitas Kuningan.Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 360 orang responden. Pengelolaan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan model Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda dengan bantuan program komputer SPSS 20. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri, norma subjektif, sikap berperilaku, dan pendidikan kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap intensi berwirausaha.Kata Kunci. Efikasi diri; Norma Subjektif; Sikap Berperilak; Pendidikan Kewirausahaan; Intensi berwirausaha.